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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1977-1983
PARTI
DECEMBER 1983
PUBLISHED BY
National Technical Information Service
FOR
Library Systems Staff
Office of Administration
United States Environmental Protection Agency
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CONTENTS
About NTIS IV
Howto Order IV
Foreword V
Sample Entries VI
Report Summaries 1
See Part 2 for Title, Keyword, Sponsoring EPA Office, Corporate
Author, Personal Author, Contract Number, and Accession/
Report Number Indexes.
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FOREWORD
bibliography consolidates into one publication all reports previously
published in the EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract
Bulletin from its inception in 1977 through 1983. It is published in two parts.
Part 1 contains bibliographic citations with abstracts. Part 2 contains seven
indexes: Title, Keyword, Sponsoring EPA Office, Corporate Author, Personal
Author, Contract/Grant Number and NTIS Order/Report Number.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography, 1970-1976, published in December
1976 (order number PB-265920, price code E99) is a similar publication
containing reports generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies and
entered into the NTIS collection from 1970 through 1976. It does not
include a Sponsoring EPA Office Index.
The EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin
supplements these two cumulations and is published as an ongoing subscription
service.
These three publications should provide sufficient information for any user
to identify any EPA report desired. Copies of individual reports are available
in either hard copy or on microfiche. Prices for reports listed with NTIS price
codes may be determined by consulting the price code list published in the
most recent EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin or
by requesting a current schedule from NTIS. NTIS will also provide the EPA
reports in microfiche as a set, retrospectively or on an ongoing basis,
through its Selected Research in Microfiche program. Cost figures may be
obtained from NTIS.
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EPA PUBLICATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The full bibliographic report entries in this section are arranged aiphanumerically by
NTIS order number. Alphabetic data precedes numeric.
SAMPLE ENTRY
PB80-120645 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C,
Office of Solid Waste.
Small Modular Incinerator Systems with Heat
Recovery: A Technical, Environmental, and
Economic Evaluation,
Systems technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Richard Froimfelter. I979. 275p EPA/SW-177C
Contract EPA.68-01-3889
This report is a technical, economic and environmental
evaluation of two-small modular incinerator systems with
heat recovery. One unit in North Little Rock, Arkansas
has a thru-put of 100 tons of municipal solid waste per
day and recovers steam. The other unit is a 25 TPO
device located at the Rockwell Plant in Marysville, Ohio,
and iHims in plant waste to produce steam for heating
and cooling tile factory.
Keywords: * Solid waste disposal, * Incinerators.
* Heat recovery, * Refuse disposal. Industrial
wastes. Environmental impacts. Air pollution.
NTIS order number Availability/Price codes
Report title
Corporate author
Personal authors Date
Contract number
Abstract
Keywords (descriptors & identifiers)
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1977 - 1983
Pt-255 317/0 PC A24/MF A01
TDW, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio.
PocMdngs: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfuri-
ztton - New (Means, March 1976, Volume I. Envi-
roimantal protection technology series,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
.
Rfcherd D. Stem, Wade H. Ponder, and Roger C.
Cftristman. May 76, 562p EPA/600/2-76-1 36a
Prepared in cooperation with TRW, Inc., Cleveland,
Oho.
The proceedings document the presentation made
during the symposium, which dealt with the status of
lue gas desulfurization technology in the United
States and abroad. Subjects considered included: re-
generate, nonregenerable, and advanced processes;
process costs; and by-product disposal, utilization, and
marketing. The purpose of the symposium was to pro-
wte developers, vendors, users, and those concerned
•Hh regulatory guidelines with a current review of
progress made in applying processes for the reduction
of sulfur dnxkfe emissions at the full- and semi-com-
mercW scale.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur
oddes. 'Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Scrubbers. Economics, Oxidation, Combustion
products. Industrial wastes. Coal, Flue gases, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
Oast estimates, Operating costs. Capitalization costs,
Solid waste disposal. Byproducts, Alkaline scrubbing,
Umestone scrubbing. Wet methods.
PB-25* 040/5 PC A04/MF A01
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, Ekxx-
tdo His. Calif.
Vriue Engineering Workbook for Construction
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
M 76.70p EPA/MCD-29. EPA/430/9-76/008
Prepared in cooperation with Gulp, Wesner, Cutp-
Ctean Water Consultants, Eldorado Mitts, Calif.
TNs workbook describes procedures for applying
VUue Engineering (VE) techniques to wastewater
treatment projects. The relationships between VE
analyses and the EPA construction Grant Program are
described. Information on organization of VE study
plan and selection of a VE Team Coordinator is pre-
sented. Typical VE ideas and results for wastewater
projects are presented.
Keywords: 'Management engineering, 'Construction,
'Sewage treatment, Project planning. Facilities,
Grants, Cost engineering. Waste water, Coordination,
Gujdejinas, Methodology, 'Value engineering, Sewage
li ssli mill tjluiil'j.
PB-258 IN/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Erwfronmental Research Lab.-Dututh, Grosse lie,
Moh. Large Lakes Research Station.
Mathsnurtcil Uodetag of Phytoplankton In Lake
Ontario. Part 2. Simulations Using Lake 1 Model,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, N.Y. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program
Robert V. Thomann, Richard P. Winfield, Dominic M. Di
Tore, and Donald J. O'Connor. Aug 76.99p EPA/600/
3-78/065
Contract EPA-fl-800610
See also Part 1 dated Oct 74, PB-241046.
The results of a series of simulations of the response
of the open lake region of Lake Ontario to various
levels of nutrient input are described. The simulations
use a simpMed dynamic model of phytoplankton - nu-
trient interactions in a vertically segmented structure.
The analysis of long term simulations (10-20 years) in-
dicates that the overall loss rates of nutrient are of par-
ticular importance. Under reasonable set of model pa-
rameters, the simulations indicate that the present ob-
served open lake phytoplankton biomass of Lake On-
tario does not appear to be in equilibrium with the
present input nutrient load. Therefore, if the present
load is continued, it is estimated that spring peak phy-
toplankton chlorophyll in the epilimnipn will continue to
increase to a new level about 45% higher than present
levels.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Ontario, Nutrients, Biomass, 'Mathematical models,
Chlorophylls, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Limnology, Water
quality, Estimates, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Eu-
trophication, Organic loadings, 'Lake 1 model.
PB-258 261/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Analysis of the Trade-Off of Exploration Between
Onshore and Offshore Regions and Potential En-
vironmental Hazards and Safeguards. Volume II:
Appendices.
ICF, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Jun74,61p
Contract EPA-68-01 -0590
Estimates of U.S. petroleum and natural gas reserves
are presented.
Keywords: 'Fossil fuel reserves, 'Energy reserves,
Petroleum, Crude oil, Natural gas, Energy resources.
Energy models, Mathematical models, Inventories, Es-
timates, Tables(Data).
PB-258 303/7 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of the Westvaco Activated Carbon
Process for SOx Recovery as Elemental Sulfur.
Volume I. Final rept Jan 71-Jun 74,
Westvaco Corp., North Charleston, S.C. Charleston
Research Center.
G. Nelson Brown, Carl M. Reed, Albert J. Repik,
Robert L Stallings, and Samuel L Torrence. May 76,
298p EPA/600/2-76/135a
Contract EPA-68-02-0003
The report gives results of a demonstration (in a
20,000-cfh integral pilot plant) of an all-dry, fluidized-
bed process, using activated carbon for recovering
SO2 as elemental sulfur. Granular carbon was recy-
cled continuously more than 20 times between contact
with flue gas from an oil-fired boiler and carbon regen-
eration to recover sulfur. During the 315-hour run,
carbon performance remained high with essentially no
chemical and tow mechanical losses. Over 90% of the
2000 ppm SOx was removed from the flue gas as sul-
furic acid by catalytic oxidation and subsequent hy-
drolysis within the carbon granule. In the two-step re-
generation: (1) the acid was converted to elemental
sulfur at 300F with internally produced H2S, and (2) an
external source of hydrogen at 1000F was used to
thermally strip the by-product sulfur from the carbon
and produce the required H2S by reaction with the re-
maining sulfur on carbon. Sufficient process and
design information was developed from data obtained
in the integral run and prior stepwise pilot equipment
operation to permit scale-up to a 15-MW prototype for
a coal-fired boiler. In the preliminary design reducing
gas is produced in a coal gasifier. An economic as-
sessment of a 1000-MW conceptual design for the
process indicates capital and operating costs competi-
tive with those of other regenerate systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Sulfur dioxide. 'Acti-
vated carbon treatment Ruidized bed processing.
Sulfur, Pilot plants, Flue gases,
Regeneration(Engineering), Performance evaluation,
Sulfuric acid, Design, Cost estimates, Electric power
plants, 'Waste gas recovery, 'Westvaco process, Dry
methods, Coal fired boilers, Oil fired boilers.
PB-258 413/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Weighted Sensitivity Analysis of Emissions Data:
Volume I. Background and Theory. Final rept,
IBM Corp., Gaithersburg, Md.
F. H. Ditto, L. T. Gutierrez, T. H. Lewis, and L J.
Rushbrook. Jul 73,133p EPA/450/3-74-022-3
Contract EPA-68-01-0398
See also Volume 2, PB-258 414.
This report presents a body of analytical techniques
appropriate for determining accuracy requirements of
component parts of an emissions inventory so as to
insure (at a given confidence level) an overall accept-
able accuracy in the total inventory. Selected numeri-
cal analyses are presented to illustrate application of
the techniques to Nationwide Emissions Report data
at different levels of aggregation. The results are be-
lieved to constitute a significant step in the develop-
ment of techniques for making reliable forecasts of air
pollutant emissions, and have already been applied for
such purposes to emissions in Region 5 of the state of
Virginia. A report on that application is also included in
the present document
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Environmental
surveys. Inventories, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Combustion products, Industri-
al wastes, Sources, Fuels, Exhaust emissions, Solid
waste disposal, Computer programming, Statistical
analysis, Virginia, Technology, Forecasting, Data proc-
essing, National emissions data system, Weighted
sensrth/rty analysis.
PB-258 414/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Weighted Sensitivity Analysis of Emissions Data:
Volume II. Appendix B. Numerical Analysis. Ap-
pendix C. Example of Applied Analysis. Final rept,
IBM Corp., Gaithersburg, Md.
F. H. Ditto, L T. Gutierrez, T. H. Lewis, and L. J.
Rushbrook. Jul 73,158p EPA/450/3-74-022-b
Contract EPA-68-01-0398
See also Volume 1, PB-258 413.
Appendix B contains complete weighted sensitivity
analyses of the Nationwide Emissions Reports under
three different values of the overall permissible error 0,
as required by the contract. Appendix C reports an ap-
plication of the weighted sensitivity analysis technique
developed in this project to a concrete air pollution
control problem in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is
included in this final report to illustrate the versatility
and wide range of applicability of a technique to air pol-
lution controTactiyities requiring statistical analysis of
emission inventories.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement 'Contaminants,
'Environmental surveys, United States, Statistical
analysis, Inventories, Virginia, Methodology, Data ac-
quisition, Sources, Classifications, Numerical analysis,
Particles, Industrial wastes, Fuels, Exhaust emissions,
Combustion products. Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Hydrocarbons, Incinerators, Electric power generation,
Control, Error analysis, Weighted sensitivity analysis,
National emissions data system, Point sources, Area
sources.
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-258 445/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis, Oreg.
Algal Mstahoite Influence on Bloom Sequence In
Eutrophied Freshwater Ponds. Final rept,
Haskins Labs., Inc., New Haven, Conn.
Kathleen Irwin Keating. Jul 76,159p EPA/600/3-76/
Grant EPA-R-801387
The extracellular metabolites of planktonic bloom
dominant algae play a most significant rote in the de-
termination of bloom sequence in a eutrophied fresh-
water pond. Certain extracellular metabolites of plank-
tonic blue-green algae substantially inhibit the growth
of planktonic diatoms in culture and in the natural se-
quence in LJnstey Pond. Preliminary tests indicate that
the mhfcition of diatom growth by blue-green algal me-
tabolites may be widespread in freshwater lakes.
When the elimination of excessive nutrient inflow is not
practical, biological management, or programming, of
blooms in eutrophied lakes should be attempted. An
hypothetical plan is offered to modify the unsatisfac-
tory condrfons in one lake which would cost approxi-
mately $500 per annum while providing a more satis-
factory lake from bom aesthetic and food chain points
of view.
Keywords: 'Linstey Pond, 'Phytoplankton, 'Algae,
Cyanophyta. Metabolism, Plankton, Connecticut,
Aquatic microbiology, Lakes, Limnology, Seasonal
variations. Primary biological productivity, Diatoms,
Fresh water, TabtesfData), •Eutrophicatkxi, Metabo-
lites, Algal blooms.
PB-2S8 472/0 ^
EnvirocwnontBl Protection >
PC A12/MF A01
mere.
Ktion Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards. ___.._,
Report of FIM! AtQuhnwiMMitVg GflpttBl Cost MM!
Operating Expens* tor Catalytic Aftortoum
C-E Air Preheater, WeMsvtte. NV
Sop 76, 2SJp EPA/450/3-76-031
Contract EPA-68-02-1473
The purpose of this manual is to provide capital and
" " mptton of r
operaUr
flow
no costs and fuel
tdyfc incinerate
of direct flame
for volatile organics. Three
scfm), two mlet
(5.000, 15,000 and 30,000
temperatures (70F and 3OOF), four concentration
levels of organics (0%, 5%. 15% and 25% of the
lower explosive limit) and four heat recovery options
(no recovery, primary heat recovery, primary and sec-
ondary heat recovery, and afreet reuse of incinerator
exhaust) are evaluated. Cost estimates are detailed to
enable easy updating or estimation using any set of as-
sumptions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment. •After-
burners. 'Catalytic converters, "Hydrocarbons, Gas
flow. Heat recovery. Operating costs, Capitafzed
co^^^&, Fuel consumption. Cost estimates, Inonerators,
Tabtos(Data).
PB-258 4*4/5 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Office of Air Quafty Planning and Stand-
Capttal and Operating Costs of Selected Ah- Pofci-
tkm Control Systems. Final rept,
GARD, Inc., Mies, IB.
M. L Kmktey. and R. B. Neveril. May 76, 225p* EPA/
450/3-76/014
Contact EPA-68-O2-2072
The purpose of this manual is to provide capital, oper-
ating. and mawitenanco costs for air pollution control
systems. Capital costs are provided for component
muJpnimitB, such as ductwork, uumpor&, heat ex-
changers, mechanical ookat^ors, fans, motors, stacks.
cooing towors. pumps, and dust removal equipmsnt
Five types of control devices are included: (1) high
vottage otoctroatotlc precipitators, (2) venturi scrub-
bers, (3) fabric filters. (4) thermal and catalytic inciner-
ators. (5) adsorbers. Operating and maintenance costs
are INUVUIMJ for umiukyto sysiums. Adtecussionof the
control oavices and tootut^t affBctang £OAt& is nduded,
along with design parameters for 27 industries. The ife
cycle cost anafysis technique is briefly described and
of t
an example
given.
the cost eatimaling methodology is
Absorbers(Equipment), Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Design, Heat exchangers, Dust collection, Flue
dust Ducts, Fans, Cooling towers, Pumps, Rue gases,
Refractory materials. Industries, Particles, Fabric fil-
ters, Venturi scrubbers, Particulates.
PB-258 485/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Extraction Technology Branch.
Feasibility Study. Fry Ash Jtedamatjon of Surface
Mines, Hillman State Park. Rept. for 1 Apr 74-1 Aug
74,
Ackenheil and Associates Geo Systems, Inc., Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Murray T. Dougherty, and Hans H. Holzen. Aug 76,83p
EPA/600/2-76/183
Grant EPA-S-802526
Sponsored in part by Pennsylvania Dept of Environ-
mental Resources, Harrisburg.
The technical and economic aspects of surface treat-
ment of regraded ackSc strip mine spoils with pulver-
ized fuel fly ash as a method to produce a soil cover
which will sustain grasses and legumes and also en-
hance abatement of mine drainage are discussed.
Data on present stream water quality of Hillman State
Park was obtained to establish a set of parameters
which will be used for comparison with future water
quality analysis in order to determine effects of con-
struction and the application of fly ash to the water
quality. Other criteria used in this evaluation include:
pH of strip mine spoil material and fly ash; moisture re-
tention characteristics of spoils and spoils treated wrth
fly ash; and grain size distribution of spoils treated with
fly ash. The feasibility study results indicate this dem-
onstration project would be technically feasible and
the reclamation would be effective to produce useabte
land and improve water quality.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, 'Strip mining, 'Coal
mines. Surface mining. Spoil. Overburden, Mine
waters, pH control. Fly ash, Erosion control. Drainage,
Water pollution. Neutralizing, Cost estimates, Solid
waste disposal, Pennsylvania, Coal mine spoil, Hillman
State Park. Add mine drainage, Mine wastes.
PB-258 486/0 PC A04/MF A01
Factors Affecting the Use of CaFfettn Tharmohi-
mhieeeeot Dosimeters for Low-Level Environ-
mental Radiation Monitoring. Enwonmental moni-
toring series.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Radbcherristry and Nuclear Engineering
Branch.
K.C. Gross, E.J.McNamara, and W.LBrinck. Aug 76,
57p EPA/600/4-76035
An investigation was made of factors affecting the use
of commeraally-produosd CaF£Mn thermohjmines-
cent dosimeters for low level environmental radiation
monitoring. Calibration factors and self-dosing rates
were quantified for 150 thermokjminescent dosi-
meters. Laboratory studies were made of precision,
linear response to dose rate, effects of light, and time-
dependent fading. A standard laboratory procedure
was devised and a computer program was written to
calculate, analyze, and store the large amounts of data
that were accumulated. Extensive environmental
measurements were subsequently carried out at the
Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station. The results of
this investigation indicate that selected dosimeters,
when properly caKbrated and corrected for self-irradia-
tion, can be used for accurate and ratable monitoring
of low-level environmental radfetion.
Keywords: 'Dosimeters, 'Radiation hazards, 'Nuclear
power plants, Calcium fluorides, CaHxating, Standard
deviation, Compulation, Computer programs, 'Ther-
mokjminescent dosimeters.
Keywords: 'Air pofluton control equipment, 'Cost
anayais, Piters, Electrostatic precipitators. Scrubbers.
Incinerators, Catalytic converters. Exhaust systems,
PB-258 490/2 PCA02/MFA01
The Health Imputations of Photochemical Oxtdant
Air PoMutton to Your Community.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
Aug 76,23p* EPA/450/2-76/016-1
The photochemical oxidant complex is discussed in a
semitechnical treatment of the background, legisla-
tion, and exposure levels of this type of air pollution. A
case is presented for the need to continue efforts
under way to reduce oxidant levels below the EPA per-
missible standard.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, *Smog, Com-
munities, Air pollution, Oxidizers, Standards, State
government Local government, Ozone, Respiratory
diseases, Industrial medicine, Foreign countries, 'Air
pollution effects(Plants), 'Environmental health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Occupational safety and
health, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-258 494/4 PC A09/MF A01
Air Quality Data-1974 Annual Statistics. Final rept
Jan-Dec 74.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 76,184p EPA/450/2-76-011
See also PB-241 808.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP'S).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, Sta-
tistical distributions, Tables(Data), Quality, Monitoring.
Networks, National government, State government
Local government Data acquisition. Standards, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen diox-
ide, States(United States), Hydrocarbons, 'Air quality
data, Implementation Air Pollution Planning Program,
dean Air Act National ambient air quality standards,
Photochemical oxidants.
PB-258 485/1 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Control of Paniculate Matter from OH Burners and
BoHara. Final rept,
Acurex Corp., Mountain view, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
G. R. Often, J. P. KesseMng. K. Lee. G. Poe, and K. J.
Wolfe. Apr 76,293p* EPA/450/3-76/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1318
Errata sheet inserted.
This report identifies possible control measures which
Federal, State, or local control agencies might use to
reduce paniculate emissions in areas where the com-
bustion of oil has a significant impact on air quality. To
arrive at viable, effective controls, a comprehensive
survey was conducted into such techniques as burner
design changes, fuel restrictions, additives, mandatory
periodic inspection/maintenance programs and panic-
ulate collection devices. Emerging technology that
may assist boiler and furnaces operators to achieve
lower paniculate emissions was also identified. The
experiences gained by agencies with active paniculate
control programs were evaluated, and their proce-
dures included among the Kst of possible control
measures where appropriate. These findings are sum-
marized along with tabulations of possible control
measures according to their stringency and applicabil-
ity to residential, commercial, industrial, and unity boil-
ers and space heating furnaces.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fuel oil, 'Fuel addi-
tives, 'Oil burners, 'Boilers, Combustion, Design, Par-
ticles, Dust collection, Sources, Space heating, Gov-
ernment policies, Regulations, Maintenance, Smoke,
Flue gases. Plumes, Opacity, Tables(Data), Site sur-
veys, Sampling, Performance tests, Particulates, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-258 499/3 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
^
Fuel and Energy Production by Byconversion of
Waste Materials - State-of-the-Art,
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Springs, Md.
Silvia A Ware. Aug 76, 78p* EPA/600/2-76/148
Contract EPA-68-03-0295
This report is a state-of-the-art summary of biological
processes for converting waste cellulosic materials
(agricultural, municipal and lumbering wastes) to fuels.
It indicates the locations and quantities of suitable
wastes and discusses the status of the current proc-
Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
essing schemes. The processes discussed are: Acid
hydrolysis followed by fermentation; enzyme hydroly-
sis followed by fermentation; anaerobic digestion of
manure and municipal solid waste; and, biophotolysis.
Keywords: 'Synthetic fuels, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Energy sources, 'Reclamation, Refuse, Organic
wastes. Agricultural wastes, Wood wastes, Solid
wastes, Biomass, Fertilizers, Wastes, Cellulose, Meth-
ane, Ethyl alcohol, Ethanols, Methyl alcohol, Fuel oils,
Char, Anaerobic processes, Hydrolysis, Fermentation,
DigestJon(Decomposition), Cost estimates, Technol-
ogy, Reviewing, Manure, Animal wastes, 'Refused de-
rived fuels.
PB-258 529/7 PC A10/MF A01
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) Control
Device Workbook,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air and Water Programs.
William M. Vatavuk. Jul 73,222p APTD-1570
Supplement to Guide for Compiling a Comprehensive
Emission Inventory, rept. no. APTD 1135.
Information is presented on the pollutant control de-
vices and methods most commonly used by the major-
ity of the industries, processes, and facilities grouped
under the Source Classification Categories as defined
by the National Emissions Data System of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. Data for each category in-
clude the name of the source classification category;
the source classification code; the control equipment
identification number, the mean control device effi-
ciency for particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons; the range of ob-
served control efficiencies; and the data source from
which the information was obtained. These data are in-
tended to be used in the preparation of emission in-
ventories or other similar studies and do not necessar-
ily reflect the extent of pollutant control at any single
facility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Handbooks, Sources, Classifications, Coding, Ef-
fectiveness, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Tabtes(Data), Carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons, In-
ventories, Methodology, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment. Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Nation-
al emissions data system.
PB-258 644/4 MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Assessment of Mathematical Models for Storm
and Combined Sewer Management Appendix F:
Selected Computer Input and Output Final rept,
Battelte Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash.
Water and Land Resource Dept.
Atom Brandstetter. Aug 76,378p EPA/600/2-76/175b
Contract EPA-68-03-0251
(MFA01)
Mathematical models for the nonsteady simulation of
urban runoff were evaluated to determine their suitabil-
ity for the engineering assessment, planning, design
and control of storm and combined sewerage systems.
The models were evaluated on the basis of information
published by the model builders and model users.
Seven models were also tested by computer runs
using both hypothetical and real catchment data. Most
of the models evaluated include the nonsteady simula-
tion of the rainfall-runoff process and flow routing in
sewers; a few include also the simulation of
wastewater quality, options for dimensioning sewerage
system components, and features for real-time control
of overflows during rainstorms.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Storms,
•Runoff, "Municipalities, Mathematical models, As-
sessments, Design, Sewage, Construction, Storm
sewers, Rainfall intensity, Computerized simulation,
Waste water, Acceptability, Evaluation, Water quality,
'Urban runoff, 'Urban hydrology. Storm water runoff,
Model studies.
PB-258 648/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C.
Sampling of Automobile Interiors tor Vinyl Chlo-
ride Monomer. Final task rept Jun-Sep 75,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
William H. Hedley, Joseph T. Cheng, Robert J.
McCormick, and Woodrow A. Lewis. May 76,42p
MRC-DA-535, EPA/600/2-76/124
Contract EPA-68-02-1404
The report gives results of a study to qualitatively iden-
tify organic pollutants in the air inside new auto-
mobiles. In recent years, concern has developed over
the concentration of organic vapors inside new auto-
mobiles. A literature search first identified numerous
volatilization products from plastics used in the con-
struction of automobile interiors. Charcoal tubes were
used to collect air samples in seven test vehicles. Vinyl
chloride monomer concentrations of 0.4 to 1.2 ppm
were detected in two vehicles. The concentrations in
the other five test vehicles during this preliminary study
were below the detection limit of 0.05 ppm.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Automobiles, 'Plastics,
Vaporizing, Degassing, Gas sampling, ABS resins,
Epoxy resins, Melamine resins, Phenolic resins. Poly-
ester resins, Polypropylene, Polyurethanes, Carcino-
gens, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB-258 649/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Operation of a Sulturlc Acid Plant Using Blended
Copper Smelter Gases. Final rept. Mar-Dec 75,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Ben H. Carpenter. Jul 76,53p EPA/600/2-76/199
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
A high degree of control of SOx emissions at copper
smelters can be obtained by blending reverberatory
furnace gases with gases from roasters and convert-
ers and using the combined stream as feed to a sulfu-
ric acid plant. The Bor Copper Smelter in Bor, Yugosla-
via, experimented with this technique for a short time
and reported that visible plumes of acid mist were
emitted from their acid plant stack. This was attributed
to the carbon dioxide present in the reverb gases,
which was presumed to decrease the absorption of
SO3 with the unabsorbed SO3 emitted as a mist The
results of this study indicate that the visible plume pro-
duced at the acid plant at Bor, Yugoslavia, when rever-
beratory furnace gases were added to its feed stream
were caused by factors other than the presence of
CO2. The visible plume could most likely have resulted
from additional sulfuric acid mist loads imposed upon
the wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) that receives
cooled smelter gases from the acid plant cooling
system. Factors which could have increased the mist
content of the blended gases when the reverberatory
furnace gases were included are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Copper ores,
'Smelting, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Sulfuric acid, Flue gases.
Carbon dioxide, Plumes, Opacity, Gas flow, Reverber-
atory furnaces, Electrostatic precipitators, Reclama-
tion, Industrial plants, Sulfuric acid plants.
PB-258 665-T PC A02/MF A01
Pike Perch Breeding In the Ponds and Small Res-
ervoirs of Moldavia (O Razvedenli Sudaka v Pru-
dakh i Malyfch VodokhranlUshchakh Moldavii),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
E. Tomnatik, and V. Karlov. 1962,9p EPA-TR-76-293
Trans, of Zemledelie i Zhivotnovodstvo Moldavii
(USSR) n9p35-37 1962.
Ponds and small reservoirs are the main base of the
fishing industry in Moldavia. However, the fish produc-
tivity of the ponds is still low. One of the causes of low
fish productivity of the majority of ponds and small res-
ervoirs is the high clogging of them with species of fish,
which are hard to raise, mainly consumers of the same
natural food on which valuable commercial fish (carp,
bream, etc.) feed. Thus, for example, in the raceway of
the Lazovsk Reservoir, trash fish (Leucaspius, gud-
geon, bitterting. loach, small southern stickleback and
bullheads) constituted 95.7% of the total in 1960. The
report describes the methods used to limit reproduc-
tion of trash fish in all possible ways.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Breeding, 'Ponds, 'Reservoirs,
'Reproduction(Biology), Fishing, Production, Fisher-
ies, Carp, Fresh water fishes, Translations, Abun-
dance, USSR, 'Trash fish, 'Leucaspius,
Moldavia(USSR).
PB-258 666-T PC A02/MF A01
Lethal Temperature Limit and Necessary Depths
in Artificial Growing of Young Pike Perch (Letal-
naya Temperaturnaya Granltsa i Neobkhodlmye
Glubiny prl Iskusstvennom Vyrashchlvanii Molodi
Sudaka),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. N. Zhdanova. 1966,20p EPA-TR-76-292
Trans, of Azovskii Nauchno-lssledovatelskii Instftut
Rybnogo Khozyaistva. Trudy (USSR) n8 p79-88 1966.
The embryonic and postembryonic growth of fish can
occur normally, only within specific limits of variation of
the water temperature. For successful commercial
growing of young fish, these limits must be known.
Studies in determination of the lethal temperature limit
for pike perch larvae were conducted in 1957-1962, at
the Uzyaksk Fish Hatchery, located in the Don delta, 4
km from the Gulf of Taganrog. The study is described
in the translation.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Temperature, 'Aquaculture, Fish-
eries, Growth, Larvae, Mortality,
Reproduction(Biology), Translations, USSR, Pike
perch.
PB-258 667-T PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Measuring Method of PCB in Gas
Phase (Kiso PCB Sokutelho no Kento),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
T. Abe, and M. Sone. Apr 74,10p EPA-TR-76-542
Trans, of Miyagi-Ken Kogai Gijutsu Senta Hokoku
(Japan) n2 p24-27 Apr 74.
Polychlorobenzene (PCB) contents in the exhausted
gas from garbage combustion and in the air were
measured. For the former, the exhaust gas was
sucked from the duct directly by a pump and passed
through two mist traps which were maintained at 0 and
-78 C and through an n-hexane trap at -78 C. The PCB
in the three traps was pooled and n-hexane was sepa-
rated from water by a fractionating funnel and then
concentrated by a KD concentrator, purified by fluori-
gel column, and finally analyzed by gas chromatogra-
phy quantitatively and qualitatively. Air was sucked by
high volume air sampler for 24 hr and dust collected on
filter paper was extracted into 100 ml of n-hexane for 4
or 5 hr. This was concentrated by KD concentrator to 5
ml and analyzed by gas chromatography after purifica-
tion by fluorigel column.
Keywords: 'Chlorine aromatic compounds, 'Gas anal-
ysis, 'Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Particles, Flue
gases, Incinerators, Gas sampling, Cold traps, Japan,
Translations, 'Air pollution detection, 'Polychlorinated
biphenyls, 'Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-258 668-T PC A02/MF A01
Determination of PCB in Dust Ash and Combus-
tion Gas from City Waste Incinerators (Toshigoml
Shokyakuro kara Halshutsu Sareru Dasuto,
Haibun Oyobl Haigasu chu no PCB Bunsekl),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Ryota Susuki, Masayuki Ito, Masanori Noma, Akira
Moritani, and Yuji Watanabe. 1974,12p EPA-TR-76-
540
Trans, of Aichi-ken Kogai Chosa Senta Shoho (Japan)
v2p43-491974.
Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) contents in burned refuse,
water washed ash, dust collected with multicron or
electrostatic precipitator and combustion gas were es-
timated. For the sampling of PCB in the combustion
gas, the adsorption into n-hexane by impinger as the
wet method, the adsorption by florigil colume coated
with 5% glycerin as the dry method and the method of
two shape-cylindrical glass filter were investigated.
The most effective method was the last one. PCB con-
tents in combustion gas were variated from none
detect to 12 microg/N cu m, in burned refuse, water
washed ash and dust were 0.01 -0.70 microg/g.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Residues, 'Chlorine
aromatic compounds, 'Gas analysis, Incinerators,
Ashes, Dust, Particles, Japan, Translations, Flue
gases, Refuse, Solid wastes, 'Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, 'Biphenyl/chloro.
December 1983 3
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-258 669-T PC A02/MF A01
On the Transformation of Picric Add Into Plcra-
mlc Acid, and the Detection of Grape Sugar
(Uaber die Umwandlung der Plkrlnsaeure In Plkra-
mlnaaeure und Ueber die Nachwelaung des Trau-
benzuckere),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
C. D. Braun. 1865,7p EPA-TR-76-573
Trans, of Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (East Ger-
many) v96 p411-414 1865.
This nineteenth century report briefly discusses the re-
lation of glucose to picric acid which yields a useful re-
action for the detection of glucose. It is stated that it is
best to prepare a picric acid solution of the concentra-
tion used for the detection of prussic acid, so that there
are 250 parts water to 1 part acid. One proceeds in the
testing expediently by adding a few drops of picric acid
to a glucose solution which has been mixed with some
soda lye, and then heating the mixture to boiling. If the
glucose solution was only somewhat concentrated,
one will now obtain an intensely blood red fluid, while
the color of thinner glucose solutions will be deep red.
Since cane sugar does not demonstrate this behavior
at all, a simple means to recognize the glucose in beet
sugar and the like is derived. The author states that the
practicing physician will be interested in the new reac-
tion to determine whether a questionable urine is dia-
betic or not.
Keywords: 'Sugars, 'Chemical analysis, Qualitative
analysis, Glucose, Grapes, Picric acid, Germany,
Translations.
PB-258 670-T PC A02/MF A01
Santtary-Vlrologlcal Characteristic* of the
Sewage In Certain Municipal Sewage Syeteme of
Uzbek SSR (Sanltarno-Vlrusologlcheekaya Khar-
akterittlka Stochnykh vod Nekotorykh Gorods-
klkh Kanallzatoll Uzbekskol SSR),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. E. Ergasheva, M. S. Armykov, and 1.1. Ilinskii. 1972,
7p
Trans, of Gigiena i Sanitariya (USSR) n9 p92-93 1972.
The most important factor in the propagation of intesti-
nal viruses is thought to be their excretion with feces;
and the principal reservoir of such viruses is feces and
contaminated domestic sewage. The brief report pro-
poses that the inspection of wastewater is widely rec-
ommended, since it is less laborious than the examina-
tion of individual feces and permits an assessment of
the epidemiological conditions of a particular region.
Keywords: 'viruses, 'Sewage, Enteroviruses, Charac-
teristics, Translations, USSR, Sanitary sewers, Waste
water, Gastrointestinal diseases, Epidemiology, Urban
areas.
PB-258 671-T
PC A02/MF A01
Ways of Providing Pike Perch Larvae with the
Neceeeary Food In the Rrst Stage* of Active
Feeding (Putt Obespechenlya Uchlnok Sudaka
Neobkhodlmym Kormon na Pervykh Etapakh Ak-
Uvnogo PKantya), ^^
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
M. S. Zaika. 1966,15p EPA-TR-76-294
Trans, of AzovskH Nauchno-lssledovatelskii InstJtut
Rybnogo Khozyaistva, Trudy (USSR) n8 p121-127
1966.
One of the important conditions of successful growing
of young pike perch in spawrtng*reedlng hatcheries
provision of the nee • ^- -- - ... -
PB-2S8 672-T PC A02/MF A01
Supplementary Remarks on the Mlcrodetermlna-
tlon of Grape Sugar (Ergaenzends Bemerkungun
ueber die Mlkrobestlmmung des Traubenzuckers),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Ivar Bang, and R. Hatlehoel. 8 Nov 17,14p EPA-TR-
76-576
Trans, of Biochemische Zeitschrift (Germany) v87
P264-2721918.
The micromethod for sugar determination in its
present form has two sources of error which require
special caution during execution: Air oxidation, and the
intensity of the boil. In a foregoing paper precautions
were given by which the two sources of error can be
eliminated. With regard to the second source of error,
the intensity of the boil, a gas pressure regulating
mechanism was recommended. This regulator had al-
ready functioned satisfactorily for about one year,
when finally the progressive deterioration of the gas
(uneven mixing with wood gas) rendered the entire ap-
paratus nugatory. In order not to have to give up sugar
determination entirely, the problem was further investi-
gated until it was finally possible to overcome decisive-
ly the entire source of error.
Keywords: 'Sugars, 'Chemical analysis, 'Grapes,
Quantitative analysis, Errors, Microanalysis, Boiling,
Germany, Translations.
PB-258 673-T PC A02/MF A01
Study on Sludge Treatment-2nd Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
H. Kawahara, M. Tsuchida, Y. Koido, I. Endo, and M.
Sago. Mar 73, 21 p EPA-TR-74-38D
Trans, of unidentified Japanese language mono.,
Tokyo, Mar 73, 049-67.
The report deals with the effect that organic sub-
stances in the sludge have on strength, and the prob-
lem of substances leaching out of the solidified materi-
al. Tests, test methods, and statistical data are given in
the report.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge digestion, So-
lidification, Moisture content, Test methods,
WeJght(Mass), Organic wastes, Curing, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Leaching, Translations, Japan.
feeding, when the larvae still do not have the ability to
cNinge to another type of food, is particularly impor-
tant1 (Cherfas, 1956). The report describes methodsto
provide the larvae with the necessary food.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Feeding stuffs, 'Fisheries, 'Aqua-
culture, Larvae, ReproductlorKBiolooy), Breeding,
Reservoirs, Plankton, Biomass, Tabtes(Data), Transi-
tions, USSR. Pike perch, •"-•i""'"'. "•"••
PB-258 674-T PC A04/MF A01
Projection Methodology for Large-Area Residen-
tial and Transportation Emissions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
1976,54pEPA-TR-76-402
Trans, of Battelle-lnstitut e.V., Frankfurt am Main
(West Germany), Technical document A.P. 1, 1.3 G
pl-561976.
In the study a methodology is presented for surveying
regional air pollution and for forecasting emissions. In
the Federal Republic of Germany, the trend of certain
contaminants from households and small users, as
well as from road traffic needed to be computed for the
years 1960-1980 at 5-year intervals. Accordingly the
Republic was divided Into 70 rectangular surface ele-
ments about 55 x 70 km and emissions were deter-
mined for each. With this resolution the methodology is
applied for two discussed cases.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Forecasting, Urban areas,
Regions, West Germany, Environmental surveys,
Methodology, Projection, Trends, Households, Auto-
mobiles, Traffic, Mathematical models, Factor analy-
sis, Data processing, Translations, Residential areas.
PB-2M 676-T PC A02/MF A01
Stable Isotopes of Sulfur In Subterranean Watera
(A Survey of the Literature) Stabllnye Izotopy
Sery v Podzemnykh Vodakh (Uteraturnyl Obzoe).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. L Rabinovich. 1989,15p EPA-TR-76-288
Trans, of Gidrokhimicheskie Materlaly (USSR) v51
P106-111 1969.
In the article, reports on the Isotope composition of the
sulfur which forms a part of the different compounds
dissolved in subterranean waters Is examined by
classes according to the origin of the waters. The iso-
topic composition of sulfur of strata! water sulfates has
been studied in connection with the problem of the
origin of petroleum (specifically, the sulfur of petro-
leum), and of hydrogen sulfide in casing-head and fuel
gases.
Keywords: 'Geochemical prospecting, 'Petroleum ge-
ology, 'Sulfur Isotopes, Sulfates, Ground water, Trans-
lations, USSR.
PB-258 678/6 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. :
Molecular Sieve Tests for Control of Surfurtc Add
Plant Emissions. Final rept. Sep 74-Dec 75,
York Research Corp., Stamford, Conn.
Karl R. Boldt, and Richard F. Timmons. Mar 76,282p
EPA/600/2-76/047
Contract EPA-68-02-1401
The report gives results of tests of a molecular sieve
control system for sulfuric acid plant tall gas. The Pura-
Siv S uses molecular sieve adsorbent material that re-
leases SO2 when heat is applied. The SO2 is recycled
for an additional 2-3% production of acid. The report
evaluates the PuraSlv S, using data gathered during a
4-week test period. SO2 concentrations were continu-
ously measured and recorded by a DuPont 460/1 Pho-
tometric Gas Analyzer at both the inlet and outlet gas
streams. Average removal efficiency was 98.0%.
Average S02 emissions during the tests were below
lOOppm.
Keywords: 'Absorbers(Materlals), 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric add, Reclama-
tion, Gas sampling, Gas analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Chemical Industry, Sources, 'Molecular sieves,
'Sulfuric acid plants, Stationary sources.
PB-258 679/0 PC A09/MF A01
Short Test Correlation Testing of 147 In-Use 1974
Model Year Light Duty Vehicles. Final rept. Oct 74 -
Apr 75,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Jack Bohl. Jul 76,187p EPA/460/2-76/001
Implementation of Section 207(b) of the Clean Air Act,
the warranty provision, is contingent upon the identifi-
cation of a short test that yields emission results that
are 'reasonably capable of being correlated with' emis-
sion results obtained by the Federal Test Procedure
(FTP). Between October 1974 and April 1975, the En-
vironmental Protection Agency tested 147 In-use 1974
model year vehicles to gather data to be used for the
evaluation of the degree of correlation that exists be-
tween emissions as measured by the FTP and by five
short tests. The tests evaluated In this program are:
the Clayton key mode, the Federal three mode, a high
speed unloaded test, the Federal short cycle, and a
composite of the New Jersey and New York short
tests. The short tests are described In this report, and
test results are presented.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, 'Data
acquisition, Experimental data. Correlations, Tests,
Methodology, Classifications, Measuring Instruments,
Light duty vehicles, Clean Air Act, Motor vehides(l 974
models), Automobile exhaust.
PB-258 682/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Economic Asssssment of Motorcycle Exhaust
Emission Regulations.
Energy and Environmental Analysis. Inc., Arlington,
Va.
11 Jul75.83p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Mobile Source Air
Pollution.
The Clean Air Act gives authority to set emission
standards for new motor vehicles, the EPA Is intend-
ing to propose both Interim and long term emission
standards for motorcycles. The interim standards for
1976 vehicles are believed to be achievable with rea-
sonable development effort and production changes.
The long-term i960 standards will require a more In-
tensive development and testing program. This analy-
sis considers the economic Impact of the proposed
standards.
Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Motorcycles,
•Regulations, 'Economic Impact, Industrial relations,
Cost analysis, Manufacturers, Marketing, Sales, Con-
sumer affairs, Industry, Standards, Economic surveys,
Air pollution standards, Alternatives, Clean Air Act.
PB-258 683/2 PC A03/MF A01
Sewage Facilities Construction Report, 1972,
1973, 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Point Source Analysis Branch.
1974, 39p EPA/440/9-75/012
This publication contains a summary and analysis of
contracts awarded during calendar years 1972, 1973
and 1974 for construction of sewage facilities. Previ-
ous reports In this series, normally prepared annually,
were published for the years 1952 through 1 97 1 .
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Contracts, 'Con-
struction, Surveys, Trends, States(United States), Sta-
tistical distributions, Facilities, Federal assistance pro-
grams, Classifications, Value, Variations, 'Sewage
treatment plants, Expenditures.
PB-258 985/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Environmental Impact Assessment ol Motorcycle
Exhaust Emission Regulations.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Va.
11Jul75,86p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control.
Between now and 1990, motorcycle emissions, if left
uncontrolled, are expected to Increase by over 100
percent. A large number of the regions In the United
States presently exceeding the air quality standards
tor oxldants and carbon monoxide (CO) will continue to
have difficulties In achieving or maintaining air quality
standards In the 1980's. Uncontrolled emissions from
motorcycles would add to this burden. When statutory
standards for automobiles are met, uncontrolled CO
emissions will be ten times as high and HC over twenty
times as high for the motorcycle. Based on these pre-
dictions, EPA Is preparing to propose emission stand-
ards for new motorcycles sold in the United States.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Motorcycles, 'Regulations, Standards, Fore-
casting, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Environ-
mental Impacts, Economic impact, OxkJIzers, Evalua-
tion, Sulfates, Particles, Noise pollution, Fuel con-
sumption, Vehicles. Utilization, Air pollution standards,
Clean Air Act.
PB-2S8 689/9
Sanitary Undflll Demonstration of • Dully Recto-
nwtlon Method. Open-File rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Processing and Disposal Oh/.
Dennis G.Fenn. 1972, 28p
In Serpy County, Nebraska, a geographic location
where badly eroded loess-mantled hills are common, a
gully has been successfully utilized as a unique answer
to the problem of solid waste disposal employing the
sanitary landfill method of disposal. In addition, the
benefit of reclaiming a gully for agricultural purposes
was achieved.
Keywords: 'Sanitary landfills, 'Land reclamation,
•Solid waste disposal, Projects, Feasibility Nebraska,
Counties, Gullies, Sarpy County (Nebraska).
PB-2M 700/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs. „ , „_„_„,
Substitute Chemlcsl>rogrsm: Initial Sclwjtmc and
MWeoonomle Review of Curbofursn. Rept on
Phasei.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
JUI78, 199p' EPA/640/ 1-76/009
Contract EPA-88-01-2448
TWs report contains the Phase I Initial Sctenttflc
Review of carbofuran. Carbofuran was Identified asa
^Otatered substitute chemical for certain praWemaW
"Ms of chlordane, heptachlor and aldrin which have
been cancelled by EPA. The report covers all uses of
carbofuran and Is Intended to be adaptable to future
needs. Should carbofuran be identified as a substitute
for a problem pesticide other than those mentioned
above, the review can be updated and made readily
available for use. The data searches ended in June,
1975. The report summarizes rather than interprets
scientific data reviewed during the course of the stud-
ies. Data from different sources is not correlated, nor
are opinions presented on contradictory findings.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Reviews, Resi-
dues, Soil samples, Chemical properties, Pharmacol-
• ogy, Toxicology, Environmental impacts, Utilization,
Agricultural machinery, Biochemistry, Metabolism, Pa-
thology, Manufacturing, Economics, Food contamina-
tion, Laboratory animals, Oncogenic viruses, Muta-
gens, Water pollution, Transport, Pest control, Carba-
mates, 'Environmental chemical substitutes, 'Carbo-
furan, 'Carbamlc acid/(dihydro-dimethyl-benzofur-
anyl-ester)-methyl.
PB-258 708-T PC A02/MF A01
State of the Olfactory Function In Zinc Production
Workers (0 Sostoyanll Obonyatelnol Funktsll u
Rabochlkh Tslnkovogo Prolzvodstvo),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Q. E. Pyataev. 1971,13p EPA-TR-74-122
Trans, of Zhurnal Ushnykh, Nosovykh I Qorlovykh Bo-
leznei (USSR) v31 p17-21 Jul-Aug 71.
Results are presented from a study of the olfactory
function In 301 workers In zinc production plants, sub-
jected to exposure to a number of chemical com-
pounds, and In 63 workers In a control group. A statisti-
cally valid rise was found In the olfactory thresholds to
olfactlve and trigemlnal stimuli, a contraction of the ad-
aptation time to a threshold dose, and prolongation of
the recovery period after loading with an olfactory sub-
stance. First-degree hyposmla was most often ob-
served. In Isolated cases, anosmia was found. The
author assumed that the basis of the olfactory disturb-
ance In zinc production workers is the change both In
the peripheral and in the central divisions of the olfac-
tory analyzer.
Keywords: 'Olfactory organs, 'Industrial medicine,
'Zinc, Exposure, Physiological effects, Chemical In-
dustry, Thre»holds(Perceptlon), Permissible dosage,
Humans, USSR, Translations, 'Occupational safety
and hearth, Anosmia, Hyposmla.
PB-256 709-T PC A02/MF A01
The State of the Upper Respiratory Tracts of
Worker* In Titanium Production,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
F. A. Syroezhkln. 1967,5p EPA-TR-76-8
Trans, of mono. Sostoyanle Verkhnlkh Dykhatelnykh
Putel u Rabochlkh Tltanovogo Prolzvodstva, Kiev,
1967p57-68.
At different stages In the complex process of titanium
production various chemically active compounds are
given off, which affect the human organism, entering
through the respiratory tracts. On the basis of data
from a mass examination of workers In titanium pro-
duction plants, sharp and chronic pathology of the oto-
laryngological organs was discovered. For all the
groups of patients with the first stage of changes In the
mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tracts, ca-
tarrhal Inflamatlon In different stages of the Illness was
noted. It was observed that workers had functional dis-
placements In the mucus of the upper respiratory
tracts, expressed by complaints of various unpleasant
sensations in the nose and throat and In swallowing, a
lowering of the senses of smell and taste, and In
changes in objective indicators, such as the ability to
breaftethrough the nose, and the reflex, secretory, ol-
factory and excretory functions of the mucous mem-
brane.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Respiratory system,
•Toxicology, 'Titanium, Otorhlnolaryngology. Pathol-
ogy, Pathoprryslology, USSR, Translations, Occupa-
tional safety and hearth.
PB-258 710-T PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Biochemical Findings and Clinical
Pictures on Subacute or Chronic Arsenic Poison-
Ing of Infants Due to Arsenic-Containing Pow-
dered Milk (Hlso Konnyu Funnyu nl Yoru Nyujl
Akyusel Nalshl Mansel Hlso Chudoku no Selkaga-
kutekl Shoken to Rlnshozo Tono Talhl),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Hideo Nagai, Tomofusa Usui, Akira Asahi Minoru
Takata, and Zenzaburo Takenaka. 1956,43p EPA-TR-
74-112
Trans, of Shonika Kiyo (Japan) v2 n2 1976.
A survey of reports concerning kinds, toxic action, and
toxic quantity of arsenic derivatives and the method of
arsenic determination was performed. By separating
14 cases with a clearly known amount of arsenic
intake into 7 cases, each of more than 10 mg/kg ar-
senic intake and less than 4.9 mg/kg arsenic intake,
respectively, the clinical pictures of these two groups
were compared and the following results were ob-
tained: In the group with a larger arsenic intake, all
symptoms except for pigmentation were stronger. The
pigmentations were nearly the same in both groups.
Each degree of arsenic poisoning is proportional to the
amount of arsenic intake, except for pigmentation. A
summarry of the relation between arsenic determina-
tion of tissues and body fluids samples and clinical pic-
ture Is presented.
Keywords: 'Toxic diseases, 'Arsenic, Toxicity, Infants,
Food, Milk, Biochemistry, Signs and symptoms,
Ingestion(Biology), Metabolism, Translations, Japan.
PB-258 711-T PC A02/MF A01
The Use of the Protococcaceae for Purifying
Wast* Water (Prlmenenle Protokokkovykh Vodor-
oslsy dlya Ochlskl Stochnykh Vod),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. N. Yuzvenko. 1971,7p EPA-TR-76-14
Trans, of Sakharnaya Promyahlennost (USSR) v45
n11p20-221971.
Manufacturing sugar Involves the heavy use of pure
water and the discharge of a significant amount of cat-
egory III waste water, which, in Its physicochemical In-
dices, is characterized by high biochemical (BPK5) and
chemical (KhPK) consumption of oxygen, a putrid
odor, a lack of dissolved oxygen, and an acid medium.
ganlc substances. The harmfulness of sugar industry
waste water Is worsened by their content of saponin,
which Is poisonous for fish, even In small quantities. An
Important measure for sugar plants which have filtra-
tion fields with poorly filtering soils is a method of In-
tensifying the natural processes of purifying waste
water by the aid of mixtures of Protococcaceae chlor-
ella and cenedesmus. The method of purifying waste
water by the aid of algae la a combination of natural
purification processes and artificially conducted meas-
ures having the goal of Intensifying purification. The
measures include liming and algolizatlon of waste
water In the charts in filtration fields with subsequent
release of the purified water Into common use reser-
voirs,
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Purification.
•Refineries, Sugar crops, Waste water, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, pishes. Odors, Inorganic acids, Indus-
tries, Translations, USSR, 'Sugar industry, Protococ-
cus chlorella, Protococcus cenedesmus.
PB-266 712-T PC A03/MF A01
Cyclone-Electrothermal Methods of Processing
Copper and Porymetalllc Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Onaev. 1968,26p EPA-TR-73-436B
Trans, of mono. Tstklonno-Elektrotermlcheskie Spo-
soby Pererabotkl Mednogo i Polimetalllcheskogo
Syrya, Alma-Ata, pl-611968.
This volume contains articles summarizing the results
of Investigations of processing the copper and polyme-
talltc concentrates and other products of nonfarrous
tural features of a cyclone facility for direct-flow and
separated outflow o1 the smelting products and of gas
are described. Also, technological characteristics are
December 1983 5
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
given for smelting of copper concentrates of Central
Kazakhstan, industrial concentration products of the
lead-zinc ores, and oxidized materials.
Keywords: 'Copper ores, 'Smelting, 'Ruidfzed bed
processors, Fuels, Process charting, Lead ores, Zinc
ores, Extractive metallurgy, Translations, USSR.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Textile industry, Industrial
wastes, Carbon disulfide, Hydrogen sulfide, Meteoro-
logical data, Atmospheric diffusion, USSR, Transla-
tions, 'Cold effluents.
PB-258 713-T PC A02/MF A01
The Geochemistry of Organic Substances of Sub-
terranean Waters (K Qeokhlmll Organlcheaklkh
Veshchestr Podzemnyfch Vod),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. M. Shvets. 1971,25p EPA-TR-76-287
Trans, of Vsesoyuznyi GeologlcheskH Institut Trudy
(USSR) v46(5)p-122-135 1971.
Sources of entry of organic substances into subterra-
nean waters are illuminated in the article. Pathways of
conversion of the organic substances Into the water-
soluble state and the composition, content, and princi-
ples of distribution of organic substances in subterra-
nean waters are examined.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Organic compounds,
•Water pollution, Solubility, Chemical composition,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Surface
waters, Sea water, Organic acids, Hydrocarbons, Sedi-
mentation, Microorganisms, Industrial wastes,
Sources, Translations, USSR.
PB-258 714-T PC A02/MF A01
Bulk Content of Uranium, Radium, and Thorium In
Certain Parent Rocks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
D. M. Rubtsov. and T. V. Gil. 1972,17p EPA-TR-76-
321
Trans, of mono. Vatovoe Soderzhanie Urana, Radrya i
Toriya v Nekotorykh PochvoobrazuyuahchHch Poro-
dakh, Syktyvkar, 1972 DS3-62.
The content of natural radioactive elements in soils
can be determined from their concentrations in the
parent rocks from which the soils inherit the mineralog-
ies) and chemical composition. Data on the natural ra-
dioactive elements are reviewed In a profile of a soil-
geographic drvtofon of the Komi ASSR in modem aNu-
vial, ancient alluvial, and gtadofluvial deposits, blanket
and moraine loams, and m eluvlal-deluvlal deposits of
the Dvina, low-mountain Tknan, Pechora, and moun-
tainous Ural son provinces. In addrtion, change in the
content of natural radioactive elements in certain de-
posits that form under the influence of the outpouring
of waters with elevated contents of natural radioactive
elements onto an oW surface is traced
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity. 'Sol chemistry.
•Rocks, Uranium, Radium, Thorium, AJhMum, Water
poHuttoo. Translations, USSR.
PB-2M 71S-T PC A02/MF A01
eapertmental Mydlee^ot DUfueten In the Atmoe-
pMra of CoW Vefittotfon dntoatone from Vtocoeo
•^kA* ^HAI^AA /KI>Aafc^*A^*m«AAfcMjA !••!• ,tn, l^nl, ••
mm name (EKapenmefVMMnye leaieoovafwya
neeflefvaiihfa v Atfnoffecs/ KnofOwiykft Vatitiyai*
aJovMiyidi Vybfoaov Pmopftyaw VMkocnoQo Vo-
lokm),
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Secttoo.
B. I. Vdovia I. M. ZmzhevaM, T. A. Kuzmma, R. I.
On*ul.«ndA.A.P«vlenko. 1971.20pEPA-TR-73-
647B.APTIC-4a30e
Trans, of Glavnaya Geoftzicheekaya Obeervstortya,
Ur*igrad. Trudy (USSR) n254p57-711971.
Regularities In the atm
heric dtoributon of errie-
tmosph
alone from plants i wHh cob and low smiaetons
untt recently remained ttttkt studied. The atanderdfering
documents ueed In the Soviet Union to calculate Ihe
dKfuslon of poManta contain a number of JmteHone
legal ring their appJcation for chemical and other
plant*. In 1906-1068, four comprehanafre expeoWons
tostudy the atmoepherlc dMuatoo of oartxm oTeuMde
and hydrogen sulfide from viscose fiber plants In Char-
kaaay, Kraanoyarak and Batakovo were conducted.
The jnajn purpose of the expeolBons was to obtajn ex-
perimental materiel for^djeveloping^ and_ extending a
method of cateulattflfl dHfueion In ihe aftnoephsfs of
odd ventftaaon emissions.
PB-258 716-T PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide In the Air. Es-
tablishment of the Nitrogen Dioxide-Nitrite Ion
Conversion Factor (Opredelenle Soderzhanlya
Dvuoklal Azota v Vozdukhe. Uatanovlenle Koefflt-
slenta Perekhoda Dvuoklsl Azota v Nltrlt-lon),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. Sh. Volberg, and E. D. Egorova. 1973,13p EPA-TR-
78-278
Trans, of Glavnaya Geofizicheskaya Observatorlya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n293 p93-981973.
The method currently In use to determine the content
of nitrogen dioxide in the air (atmospheric and Industri-
al premises) is based on absorption of nitrogen dioxide
by a solution of potassium iodide, and the subsequent
determination of the nitrite Ion formed by the Griss-ll-
losvaya reagent. The basis of the method Is the con-
version of sulfanllic acid into a diazo compound by ni-
trous add. The compound, reacting with alpha-
naphthyl-amlne, forms a red dye. The developers of
the method took it that nitrogen dioxide is completely
converted into the NO2(-) Ion when It reacts with po-
tassium iodide. Of practical interest is an explanation
of the degree to which nitrogen dioxide is converted
into the nitrite ion when gas-air mixtures are sampled
in a potassium iodide solution. Establishment of the
conversion factor of N02 to the NO2(-1 Ion through ex-
periment is greatly complicated by the lack of ade-
quately reliable methods for obtaining the specified,
very small, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the
air. The use of known liquid vapor metering devices for
this purpose are ruled out as are gas metering devices.
This study used an already developed diffusion type
metering device In which the quantity of air Introduced
into the vapor flow can be measured directly from the
decrease that takes place in the volume of liquid In a
calibrated glass capillary. The measuring microscope
used to evaluate liquid loss was able to determine with
a high degree of accuracy extremely small changes In
the quantity of liquid.
Keywords: 'Gas meters, 'Nitrogen dioxide, Laboratory
equipment, Gas flow, Inorganic nitrates, Gas analysis,
Accuracy, Translations, USSR, Air pollution.
PS-2M 717-T PC A02/MF A01
Some Results of a Determination of the Concen-
tration of Sulfur Dioxide In the Free Atmosphere
(Nefcotorys Rezurtaty Opredetonlya Kontaentratall
Semlatogo gaza v Svobodnol Atmosf ere),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
O. P. Petrenchuk, and V.M. Drozdova. 1971,12p EPA-
TR-73-C47N, APTIC-46783
Trans, of Glavnaya Geofizicheskaya Observatortya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n254 p178-183 1971.
The gaseous compounds of sulfur play an important
role In the pollution of atmospheric air. The most wide-
spread pollutant in the troposphere Is sulfur dioxide,
which is produced primarily Mtrve result of cornbustton
of fuel oft. However, research conducted by a number
of authors. Indicates that sulfur compounds, both In
gaseous and aerosol form, occur everywhere in the
stratosphere as well as In the troposphere. To meas-
ure the concentration of sulfur dioxide, we used the
method of Watt and Gaeka as the moat sensitive of
the methods usually employed; this method makes H
potable to determine the concentration of sulfur dtox-
Id* In the solution being analyzed wHh an accuracy up
to 0.1 mfcrogram. The analytical method of West and
Oaafra enjoys a considerable advantage In oomparl-
aon to other methods, in the fact that when rt Is used It
is the gas User) which Is trapped, and the presence of
sotfate aerosols In the atmosphere has no effect
•Sulfur dioxide. Atmospheric diffusion. Air
Concentrition(Composrtlon), Troposphere,
mospher*. Monitoring, Meteorology, Fuel oil, Aero-
sola, 'Air pollution detection. West Qaeke analysis,
USSR, Translations
PB-258 723-T PC A02/MF A01
Duet Separation - Important Element of Environ-
mental Protection (Entataubung - Wtehtiges Ele-
ment des Umweltscnutzes),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
1973,17pEPA-TR-75-126B
Trans, of Wasser, Luft und Betrieb (Wast Germany)
v17n10p355-3581973.
From the environmental viewpoint, two essential areas
of dust separation are distinguished; keeping the at-
mosphere free of dust, and keeping dust out of the air
breathed by the workers In shops, factories, and other
places. In connection with atmospheric dust removal,
fundamental statements were made in the article 'Oust
removal and combustion' in this journal (3/73) with the
determination that only on the broadest international
plane can real air purity be guaranteed and that tor this
purpose, appropriate warning and reading devices
must be employed on fust as broad a basis. The docu-
ment covers monitoring of the air, industrial dust, air
conditioning equipment, garbage burning, and bio-de-
tergents.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dust, Industrial hygiene,
Monitoring, Concentratlon(Composftion), Incinerators,
Indoor air pollution, West Germany, Air pollution detec-
tion, Translations.
PB-258 724-T PC A02/MF A01
Electrostatic Preclpltators for Dust Removal from
Cement Grinding Mills (Elektrofllter fuer die Ent-
ataubung von Zementmuehlen),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
K. Arras. 1972,21 p EPA-TR-74-96. APTIC-49582
Trans, of Zement-Kalk-Glps (West Germany) n12
0810-6151972.
Modem cement plants use electrostatic predpitators
almost exclusively for dust removal from rotary cement
kilns and drying facilities for ground raw material. In
contrast, in the purification of the spent air from
cement grinding mills, it is a question of the most suit-
able dust removal procedure. The operator must then
decide between fiber filters and electrostatic predpita-
tors. The author reports on experiences with electro-
static preclpltators in the removal of dust from the
spent air of cement grinding mills.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static preclpltators, Grinding mills, Dust collection.
Translations, West Germany, 'Cement industry
PB-2M 725-T PC A03/MF A01
Biological Effects of Nitrogen Oxide* - A Sum-
mary of Animal Exposure Experiments • (Chteeo
Sankabutsu no Settal Elkyo • Dobutau Bafcuro
Jlkken -).
Environmental Prelection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Talchl Nakajlma. 1973,30p EPA-TR-76-211
Trans, of Talk! Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v8 n3 p223-233
1973.
With reaped to N02, environmental standards have
already been decreed, but In the case of NO, the sub-
mission of reports on the environmental standard
levels has been delayed due to lack of data concern-
ing the chronic effects of NO. although its pollution
level exceeds that of NO2 in areas of high pollution, m
order to clarify the chronic affects of NO2. animal ex-
posure experiments have been conducted In an at-
tempt to explore the effect* of NO2 on the respiratory
system mainly from the hlstopathotogtcal standpoint
This report will present a brief summary of the ftndrtgs
obtained so far through animal experiments using NO2
and NO.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Nitrogen dioxide, To*-
oology, Exposure, Nitrogen inorganic compounds. Ex-
perimental data, Air pollution, Japan. Tren»laboo».
Respiratory system, BlbNographiaa, Pathology. His-
tology, Physiological effects, Nitrogen oxides. Rets,
Laboratory animals, Air pollution eflacta(Arwnais).
PMM7M-T PCA02/MFA01
tmjwnoy CooMno of Nuclear Power Ptanta (Not-
kueWung von Kemkraftwerken).
Envtonmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation ServlcM Section.
Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1973,5pEPA-TR-75-126A
Trans, of Wasser, Luft und Betrieb (West Germany)
v17n10p3541973.
Briefly reviews the West German Ministry of the Interi-
or's position on emergency core cooling ol nuclear
power plants.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Nuclear reactor
safety, Cooling systems, Reactor cores, West Ger-
many, Translations, ECCS, Loss ol coolant.
PB-258 727-T PC A02/MF A01
On th* Effect of Chlorine on th* F*mal* Organism
(Ueber die Elnwlrkung dee Chlors auf den WelbH-
chen Organlsmus),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
R. M. Skljanskak L. M. Klaus, and L. M. Ssidorowa.
1935,18pEPA-TR-73-420
Trans, of Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriotogie (West
Germany) v114 p103-114 1935.
The specific action of poisons on the female organism
can have various expressions. Women show higher
sensitivity to certain poisons, giving a higher intoxica-
tion Index and more severe forms of intoxication phe-
nomena. Sensitivity to poison shows a special in-
crease in women during pregnancy. Some poisons
change the menstrual function. Chronic action of cer-
tain poisons disturbs the course of pregnancy and
leads to miscarriages, premature births, and stillbirths.
Chronic injury to the parents by certain chemical poi-
sons leads to weakness, infirmity, and stcklmess of the
offspring, and to an increase In child mortality. In
chronic intoxication of the mother by some chemicals,
it Is possible to demonstrate the material in the amnio-
tic fluid and In the fetal organs. There has been very
little research on the entire problem. In connection
with the problem of allowing women to work In chlorine
plants, the authors undertook a study on the effect of
chlorine on the female organism. The report presents
research results and discussions.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chlorine, 'Industrial medicine,
Females, Personnel, Chemical industry.
Rer*<>diJCtton(Bldogy), Embryos, Pregnancy, Toxicol-
ogy, West Germany, Translations, Toxic substances.
PB-258 728-T . PC A02/MF A01
The Development of Resistance to DDT In Muaca
Domestic* L Under the Effect of SuMethal Doeee
of Sodium Arsenat* (VoznNcnovenle Reristent-
noatt k DDT u Musea domeattca L pod VHyar** m
•oWetaJnykh dot Arsenata Metttya^
gn^onmerital Protection Agency. Research Triangle
' .
. P Drooozlna 1971, l4pEPA-TR-75-93
r and
..._ . _ when fttes were
-'garde intestinal poison Ad-
arsenate In suMethal doses to the
---• two susceptible strains of Muaca do-
»w the course of 11 and 30 successive gen-
>, 'Arsenate*. 'Pesticides,
•da. Insects, USSR.
Resistance, CMome
Worker, (tan
* 8
"""«*
Workers employed in two acid aerosol generating
workplaces were studied. There were two groups: the
group of workers, and a control group consisting of
workers who had never worked In the acid aerosol
generating workplaces. The following Items were
sought: the changes In the peak flow values occurring
upon entering the acid aerosol generating workplace,
and the changes In the peak flow value because of In-
halation of a bronchodilator after Inhalation of the acid
aerosols. At the same time, measurements of the acid
concentration and the aerosol particle size distribu-
tions in the air Inside the workplaces were made.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Hazardous materials,
•Inorganic adds, Aerosols, Toxicity, Industrial atmos-
pheres, Industrial hygiene, Reviews, Tables(Oata), In-
halation, Exposure, Experimental data, Translations,
Japan, 'Environmental health, Toxic hazards, Air sam-
pling.
PB-2M 730-T PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Data for Establishing Maxlum Per-
missible Concentrations of Tlllam In the Air of
Working Areas (Eksperimentalnye Danny* k
Oboenovanlyu Predelno Dopustlmol Kontsentrst-
stt THIama v Vozdukh* Rabockel Zony),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
G. A. Voitenko, T. L Kamlnskaya, and V. N. Karpanko.
Aug72,OpEPA-TR-73-343
Trans, of Qlglena I Sanltariya (USSR) n8 p104-105 Aug
72.
Inhalation and skin tests revealed low toxlclty of the
herbicide tlllam. Local Irritating effect Is moderate, tox-
idty is low In skin application and cumulative proper-
ties are weak. No reproductive changes war* noted.
The recommended maximum permissible concentra-
tion In air Is 1 mg/cum.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, •Industrial medicine. 'Herbicides,
Reproductlon(Bk)logy), Skln(Anatomy), Respiration,
Exposure, Permissible dosage, Industrial atmos-
pheres, Translations, Experimental data, Laboratory
animals, USSR, 'Occupational safety and health, En-
vironmental health, 'Tlllam, 'Carbamat* add/butyl-
ethy|.(propyl-ester)-!hlo, Maximum allowable concen-
tration
PB-2M 731-T PC A08/MF A01
Air Pollution by Open electric Ferro-Alloy Furnace
(Report No. 4) (OoMntetau ye Kalho Kel Danklro
notaWOaefl UTSUH* (Dal 4 Ho)),
Environmental Protection Agancy. Research Triangle
Workshop on In-Plant Waata Reduction In th*
Meat Industry, Held at University of Wisconsin,
Madison, December 13-14,1973. Final rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Jack L. Wttherow, and James F. Scaief. Sep 76,151 p
EPA/600/2-76/214
Presented are the proceedings of a workshop on in-
plant waste reduction In the meat Industry. Forty-five
participants from Industry, government, and private
firms exchanged ideas and experiences on waste re-
duction during the two-day session. Topics covered
were: pens, blood conservation and processing,
paunch and viscera handling, rendering and plant
clean-up operations. Case histories are presented on
water conservation In a meat packing plant and In a
hog processing plant.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Waste water reuse,
'Meat, 'Food processing, 'Meetings, Animals, Blood,
Curing, Brines, Hair, Cleaning, Industrial wastes, By-
products, PacklngfPackaging), Beef cattle, Industrial
plants, Removal, Reduction, Water pollution control,
Livestock, Waste disposal, 'Meat Industry, Slaughter-
Ing house wastes, Rendering plants, Slaughtering
pens, Feedlot wastes, Offal wastes, Paunch.
PB-258 743/4 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Matttodotogy for th* Study of Urban Storm Q*n-
I Pollution ,-----•
igaku (Japan) v4 nS pift-22 Aug 62
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Wro Ikegaya. 1972. «p EPA-TR-74-93, APTIC-49123
Trans offaiWOsenKenkyu(Japan)n4p1601972.
in this ntport, a comparison la mad* whan pra-traat-
ment equipment (sintering equipment) was used and
was not us*d In th* melting of F-Cr In a Saoaf-Badar
type open electric furnace and th«assoclat*d dust col-
lectors; examined were th* composition and grain dis-
tribution of F-Cr dust; and, th* air flow ratio* and
chang** In wmparatur* v* th* theoretical quantities of
gas and dust generated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iron and*t**l Industry. Elec-
tric fumaoM, Ferroalloys, Translations, Japan,
PB-2U 732/7 PC AM/MF A01
The 'Qauaelan Plume' Model wtth UmHed Vertical
MMng. Final rept. Apr 76-May 76,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N C. Meteorology and Assessment Orv.
F PssquM. Aug 76.20p EPA/600/4-76/042
i of the Gau*si*rvpium* model for atmos-
: dfcperston from an *lev*t*d score* In a mixing
r of limited depth normally Involves consideration
I muttipt* reflection* of th* plum* between th* upper
and lower boundaries The present analysis considers
som* smote approximation formula* that should be
useful in practical appftcatioha.
Keywords 'Air pollution, 'Plumes', Diffusion, Math-
ematical model*. Mixing, Approximation. 'Gaussian
plum* model*
P8-JM 742/6 PC AM/MF A01
National Environmental R***arch Center, CorvaWa,
Oreg,
t and Control. Environmental protec-
tion technology series,
Envirex Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Dlv.
Richard E. Wullschleger, Alphonse E. Zanonl, and
Charles A. Hansen. Aug 76,345p* EPA/600/2-76/
145
Contract EPA-68-03-033S
The report contains recommendations for standard
procedures to be followed In the conduct of projects
dealing wtth pollution assessment and abatement of
storm generated discharges. The purpose of this
project was to develop standard procedures needed to
Insure that all discharges and treatment processes
could be evaluated by the same means. The proce-
dures chosen were those found to be the most appli-
cable and optimum for the field of storm and combined
sewer overflow pollution control.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Storms, 'Urban areas, 'Water
pollution control, 'Water pollution abatement, Recom-
mendations, Standards, Evaluation, Sewage treat-
ment, Combined sewers, Overflows, Rainfall Intensity
concentration(Composmon),.Sampi«fs, Cost analysis,
Hydrology, Bacteria, Pr*ctoHation(Meteorology), As-
sessments, Optimization, 'Storm water runoff, 'Urban
hydrology.
PB-251 746/9 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
OH SpW and OH PoHutton Reports August 1975 •
October 1975. Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst
Penelope MeMn, and Robin M. Ross. Jul 76.312p
EPA/900/2-76/113
Grant EPA-R-803063
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-257 666.
The August 1975 • October 1975 Oil Spill and Oil Pollu-
tion Reports is the fifth quarterly compilation£) oil SpW
eventsarid on pollution report summaries Presented
tn the report are: (a) Summaries of oil *pl« events; (b|
summaries and bibliographic literature citations; (cj
summaries of current research project* and (d) patent
summaries.
Keywords: 'On pollution. 'BfeHooraphtw. Removal,
Reviews. Docwmema, Research prelects. Patents,
Water pollution abatement. Detectors, Monitoring, Pe-
troleum producta. Environmental impacts, Boats, Ab-
avacta. Mann* btotooy. Hydrocarbons, F*h*ri«s, WHd-
Me, Shetiftsh, Remote sensing, legislation, 'OH spiU*
December 1983
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-268 7S1/7 PC A20/MF A01
Annual Report (2nd). Part II. March 2, 1974-March
1,1975. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Standards and Water Quality Information Ad-
visory Committee.
Martha Sager, and Martin Brossman. Nov 75,470p
ES/WQIAC-2-B
See also Part 1 dated May 75, PB-256 439.
The report is the second annual report of the Effluent
Standards and Water Quality Information Advisory
Committee (ES&WQIAC) to the Administrator of EPA.
The first chapter of Part I of the report describes the
legislative basis of the Committee, its structure, and a
summary of its activities to March 1,1975. Subsequent
chapters provide an overview of the Committee's ac-
tivities and results achieved. Many of ES&WQIAC's
hearings and workshops were summarized in the
Bureau of National Affairs Environmental Reporter and
some of these have been included in this report. Part II
of the report includes the detailed comments provided
by the Committee during the process of development
of effluent limitations by EPA. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Organiza-
tions, Reviews, Legislation, Project planning. Public
opinion, Recommendations, Water quality, Standards,
Effluents, Sewage treatment, Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution standards.
PB-268 752-T PC A02/MF A01
Zinc Metabolism and the Activity of Alkaline Phoe-
phataae In the Kidney* of White Rat* In Alloxan
Diabetes and In Repeated Administration of Insu-
lin (Obmen Tslnka I Aktlvnott Shchelochnol Fos-
fatazy v Pochkakh Belykh prl Alloksanovom Dla-
bete I Povtomykh Vvedenryakh Insullna),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Shevchuk. 1973,11p EPA-TR-74-123
Trans, of Problemy Endokrinologii (USSR) v19 p61-65
Jan-Feb73.
Experiments were performed on white rats with alloxan
diabetes and following repeated Insulin injections. Zinc
distribution was studied histochemically, and the activi-
ty of alkaline phosphatase was studied by Gomori's
method in the renal tubular cells. Zinc was distributed
ran, in me ascending portion of Henle's loop, and in
the tubules of the insertion portion. The highest alka-
line phosphatase activity was found in the cells of the
main division of the nephron. In alloxan diabetes, the
zinc content and the alkaline phosphatase activity
showed a sharp decrease, while In the case of repeat-
ed insulin injections these indices were observed to
rise. A correlation was found between the alkaline
phosphatase activity and zinc content in nephron tu-
bules.
Keywords: 'Diabetes, 'Metabolic diseases, 'Zinc,
•Phosphatases, 'Kidney, Insulin, Metabolism, Endo-
crinology, Histology. Cytology, Physiology, Experimen-
tal data. Laboratory animals, Rats, USSR, Transla-
tions, Histocytochemistry.
PB-258 753-T PC A02/MF A01
Coutometrto Method of Determining the Com-
pounds In the Air Which Contain Hattdes (Kytono-
motrlcheskll Method Opredelenlya Qalogenso-
derzhashchlkh SoedmenHv Vozdukhe),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. Sh. Volberg. 1971,17p EPA-TR-73-647L, APTIC-
46785
Trans, of Glavnaya Geofizicheskaya Observatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n254pl62-1711971.
The problem of determining the nature of the large
number of harmful substance* in the air by automatic
means can be solved only by having a multipurpose
gas analyzer. Previously we selected conditions for
coulometric determination using one device for a
number of compounds containing sulfur (sulfur dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide and carbon «*urfkJe) when these
occur together in the air. The purpose of the present
study is to develop conditions coulometric determina-
tion of the free halldes and haMde-contatrtng com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Coulometers, "Halides, Air pollution, At-
mospheric diffusion, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Measuring instruments,
Automation, Monitoring, 'Air pollution detection,
USSR, Translations.
PB-258 754-T PC A02/MF A01
Analytical Data on Partlculate Atmospheric Pollut-
ants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
K. Asakuno, H. Yamazaki, Y. Inokoshi, T. Yamamoto,
and H. Shinozaki. Jan 70,12p EPA-TR-74-453, APTIC-
26531
Trans, of mono. Ryushi no Taiki Osen Busshitsu no
Kaiseki Shiryo, Tokyo, Jan 70 p229-236.(PC A02/MF
A01)
An annual report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Research
Institute of Environmental Protection on atmospheric
pollution gives statistical data on suspended particu-
lates, involving concentration, heights, and variations,
both diurnal and seasonal.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Particles, 'Environmental
surveys, Japan, Diurnal variations, Seasonal vari-
ations, Height, Concentration(Composition), Measure-
ment, Statistical data, Translations, Technical reports,
Atmospheres, Particulate emissions.
PB-258 755-T PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution: Ab-
stracts,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
M. E. Berlyand. 1971,15p EPA-TR-73-647AAA
Trans, of Qlavnaya Geofizicheskaya Observatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n254 p3-38, 29-56, 57-71,
72-81, 82-86, 87-89, 100-103, 104-115, 116-120, 121-
132, 133-139, 140-151, 152-161, 162-171, 172-177,
178-183,184-189,190-197,198-204 1971.
The abstracts cover a variety of areas in pollution. In-
cluded are diffusion of these pollutants, sampling, tall
emission sources, the factor of wind direction, and
characteristics of the change In pH in atmospheric pre-
cipitation in urban areas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Ab-
stracts, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Chim-
neys, Concentration(Composltlon), Wind direction,
Urban areas, Carbon monoxide, Samples, Halldes,
Coulometers, Hydrogen fluoride, Sulfur dioxide, pH,
Translations, USSR.
PB-268 766-T PC A02/MF A01
Changes In Metal Concentrations In Hepatic
Tissue In Hepatic Tissue In Some Liver Diseases.
I. Asaeaament of Zn, Cu and Mn Concentrations In
Necrottc Material,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
K. Kment, M. Clrkt, and M. Tlchy. 1973,10p EPA-TR-
74-444
Trans, of Ceskoslovenska Qastroenterologle a Vyzlva,
v27n7p475-4791973.
The authors investigated the concentration of Zn, Cu,
and Mn in hepatic tissue of subjects with portal cirrho-
sis, hepatic venostasls and carcinomas without metas-
tases into the liver. Specimens of hepatic tissue were
obtained by necropsy. In the group of portal cirrhoses
the authors found In hepatic tissue a significantly
higher copper concentration compared with all other
group*. The Mn concentration was practically the
same in all groups investigated.
Keywords: 'Liver diseases, 'Metals, Trace elements,
Biochemistry, Histology, Zinc, Copper, Manganese,
Pathology, Translations, Czechoslovakia, 'Hlstoche-
mistry.
PB-2S8 757-T PC A02/MF A01
Possibilities of Forecasting Pollutant Content In
Unban Air (Nekotorye Vozmoshnostl Prognoza
Soderzhanlya Prlmesel v Oorodskom Vozdukhe),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L R. Sonkin. 1971,19p EPA-TR-73-647H, APTIC-
47352
Trans, of Qlavnaya Geofizicheskaya Observatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n254 p121-132 1971.
The most significant accumulation of pollutants in the
air occurs when increased levels of emission occur
during meteorological conditions that are unfavorable
for their dispersal. In this connection, it is necessary to
forecast such conditions and take measures to pre-
vent excessive emissions. The development of a fore-
casting method involves studying the meteorological
factors that govern the significant accumulation of pol-
lutants in the layer of air near the ground. This applies
in particular to cities where industrial plants are located
outside the residential area. On the basis of these rela-
tionships, operational meteorological monitoring of in-
dustrial plants has been started in some cities.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, In-
dustrial wastes, Meteorology, Forecasting,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Wind direc-
tion, Combustion products, Wind velocity, Tempera-
ture, Lower atmosphere, Translations, USSR.
PB-258 7S8-T PC A02/MF A01
Clinical Research for Health Effects of Air Pollu-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. Nagaoka. Mar 73,8p EPA-TR-74-38F
Trans, of unidentified Japanese language mono.,
Tokyo, Mar 73 p86-91.
Contents:
Immuno-chemlcal research on effects of air
pollution;
Effects of air pollution on upper air ways;
Research on the relationship between effect of air
pollution and children's bronchial asthma.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Immunology, 'Res-
piratory system, Public health, Epidemiology, Children,
Japan, Translations, Respiratory diseases, Asthma,
Immunologic diseases, Physiological effects, Pathol-
ogy, Experimental data, 'Air pollution
eftects(Humans), 'Environmental health.
PB-258 769-T PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Dispersion of Pollutants In the Vi-
cinity of Tall Emission Sources,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. A. Beluglna, N. S. Burenin, P. I. Velikaya, and 1971,
10p EPA-TR-73-647D, APTIC-46907
Trans, of mono. Issledovanle Rasprostraneniya Vred-
nykh Prlmesel v Ralone Vysokikh Istochnlkov Vybrosa,
n.p.,1971p82-86.
Experimental work was conducted in the vicinity of
thermal electric power stations with an emission height
of 120 m and 180 m. A method was then worked out
for calculating the field of concentration of dust and
sulfur dioxide from industrial enterprises.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Flue gases, Thermal power
plants, Electric power plants, Sulfur oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Dusts, Nitrogen oxides, Industrial plants,
Measurement, Computation, Translations, Stationary
sources.
PB-258 760-T PC A02/MF A01
Qas Resistance and Certain Characteristic* of Ab-
sorption of 83602 by Lawn Grasses (Oazoustot-
chlvost I Nekotorye Osobennoetl Pogtoshchentya
83502 Gazonnyml Travaml),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. S. Nlkolaevskii, and V. V. Suslova. 1971,14p EPA-
TR-75-20
Trans, of Gorkovskli Gosudarstvennyi Unh/ersitet
Uchenye Zapiskl (USSR) n277(5) p137-1421971.
Lawn grasses are the most convenient objects for
study of patterns of gas resistance, *lnce they permit
the subjective visual estimation method of damage
evaluation to be avoided. It can be propoced that dif-
ferences in gas resistance of Individual species are de-
termined by the physiological and biochemical charac-
teristics of the plants and that, In the populations of
each species, by the anatomical and morphological
characteristics of the leaf structure and amount of add
gas absorbed. It ha* been determined that the 536 ac-
tivity of all species of plants Is 3-25 times higher In the
dead leaf tissues than In the living. It can be proposed
that S35 transport through the vessels with the water
flow to the leaf tips Is accomplished to a greater extent
8 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In monocotyledenous plants than In dicotyledonous
ones. Toxic compounds accumulated by the soil can
cause death of seeds or decrease In germination, Im-
pairment of growth and development of the plants and
change In resistance to S02. Lethal concentrations of
SO2 Tn plants of resistant species are higher than In
nonreslstant ones. Plants with larger leaf surface di-
mensions proved to be more resistant to SO2.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Grasses, 'Plant pathol-
ogy, AbsorpUon(Blology), Gases, Resistance, Plant
physiology, Plant chemistry, Translations, USSR, Air
pollution effects(Plants), Phytotoxicrty.
PB-2S8 761-T
PC A02/MF A01
The Fermentation of Sludge from Municipal
Sewage In Sludge Digesters (Sbrazhrvanle Oeed-
kov Qorodsklkh Btochnykh vod v Metantenkakh),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L I. Qlunter, and Q. N. Lutsenko. 1970,23p EPA-TR-
76-263
Trans, from Nauchnye Trudy AkademH Kommunal-
nogo Khozyalstva RSFSR (USSR) n771970.
At present, anaerobic fermentation In sludge digesters
Is the basic method for the treatment of sludge In mu-
nicipal sewage. The operation of sludge digesters In
the USSR and abroad has been somewhat varied, par-
ticularly with respect to thormophlllc fermentation and
multistage sludge digesters. This report examines the
Information accumulated In studies of the fermentation
process and the operation of sludge digesters.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge, 'Municipal-
ities, Fermentation, Anaerobic processes, Decomposi-
tion, Oxidization. Ogestion£De«jmposltion), Activated
sludge process, Digesters, translations, USSR.
PB-2M 783/0 PC A17/MF M1
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility: Advanced Pro-
gram. Progress rept. no. 2, Jun 75-reb 76,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
Marian N. Head. Sep 76,379p EPA/600/7-76/008
Contract EPA-68-02-1814
See also report dated Sep 75, PB-245 279.
The report gives results of advanced testing (from
June 1675 to February 1976) of 30,000 acfm (10 MW
equivalent) lime/limestone wet scrubbers for SO2 end
paniculate removal at TVA's Shawnee Power Station.
No reliability problems were experienced In 1143 hours
of Untie testing wtth cycling gat rate to simulate variable
load operation In the vermin/spray tower. Clean oper-
ation of the mist eliminator (M.E.) system (3-paas,
open-vane chevron M.E. wtth Intermittent top and
bottom wash) was achieved using Hme In the ventunV
spray tower system, but plugging occurred wtth a simi-
lar M.E. system using limestone In the Turbulent Con-
tact Absorber. In tests to Improve limestone utttartlon,
M.E. reliability was found to be a strong function of
alkali utilization. Limestone utilization was correlated
wtth scrubber inlet pH, hold tank residence time, and
now tank design.
Keywords: •Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Electric power plants, Flue
gases, Performance tests, Teat facUHMe, Calcium
oxides, Limestone, Desurtunzation, PartWee, Coal,
Prototypes, Spray tanks, Washing, Boilers. pH, Design,
Reliability, Combustion products, Dust collection, Oas
analysis, Ftowmeters, Gas flow, Data processing. Ab-
sorbers, Equipment 'Limestone scrubbing. Alkaline
scrubbing, Venturi separators, Spray tower scrubbers,
Turbulent contact absorbers, Wet methods, Panicu-
late*. Stationary sources.
PB-256 784-T PC A02/MF A01
A Difference In MtroinrtffwnoalpMn Formation
Among Animal Specie*) Qaeafcna vhlaeo Hejmoour*
oMnSetaelnoShuMkuM),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
HaMrneOotSh^oKiworTwto.andTaichlNakajIrna.
1975,10pEPA-TR-7e-212
Trans. ofTalkl Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v9 n4 p714-716
1975.
Nftrosyt-hemoglobjn (NOHb) was detectedby electron
•pin rMorwtoc •poctfonwtfy from tn*j blood of nvM
•nd rats exposed to 7 ppm nitric oxide, but In rabbtu »
was detected only when sodium dtthlonlte was added
to the blood. To clarify this Interspecific difference,
some comparative experiments were conducted using
the blood of mouse and rabbit. Rabbit blood showed
higher affinity to oxygen and smaller production of
NOHb after addition of nitrite compared to the mouse
blood. These results may explain the reason NOHb
was not detectable In rabbit blood during the exposure
to nitric oxide.
Keywords: 'Hemoglobins, 'Nitrogen oxlde(NO), Labo-
ratory animals. Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Chemical reac-
tions, Japan, Translations, 'Nttcosohemoglobln, Envl-
therefore could be also nitrosylated. Serfonteln (1966),
Neurath (1967) and Tomatis (1967) found traces of nl-
PB-268 7U-T PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Sulfur Dioxide In Air by Flame
Photometric Detector Method (Enkokodo Ken-
anuttuho (FPD ho) nl Yoru TUkuhu no 8O2 Soku-
telnlTeuHe),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
T. Yatabe. 1974,6p EPA-TF.-76-376
Trans, of Talkl 6ten Kenkyu (Japan) v8 n2 p191 Nov
74. Proceedings presented at the National Air Pollution
Research Conference (16th), at Chlba on Nov 6-8,
1974.
Electrolytic conductivity often Is used at the present
time to measure the SO2 In the air. The error factor In
the electrolytic conductivity method la greatly affected
by a positive offset baaed on the evaporation loss of
the absorbed liquid when pollutants are other than
SO2. However, the establishment of a logical air pollu-
tion prevention measure makes tt desirable to design a
reliable automatic measuring Instrument with S02 se-
lectivity. This report concerns a flame photometric de-
tector (FPD) method wtth SO2 selectivity. Listed are
the results of a comparison made between perform-
ance teats using standard gas, and the rosanlllne
method used In field tests. It Is believed that the meas-
urement of 8O2 by the FPD method can be used In
practical applications.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Qas analysis, 'Flame pho-
tometry, Electrolytic analysis, Comparison, Laboratory
equipment, Japan, Translations, *Alr pollution detec-
Von.
PB-2M 7M-T PC A02/MF A01
Determination of PCB and PCT In the Atmosphere
Using FMer Paper (RoahMM o MoeMHa TaRdehu
PCtVPCT no Sokutel nl Tsurte),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Toehdchl Ofctta, Yukto Takrzawa, Koal Minagawa,
Ryutohl Sugal. and Ikuel KHune. 1974.5p EPA-TR-76-
Trans. of Talk! Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v9 n2 p2141974.
In order to perform simultaneous measurements of
PCT and PCB produced by burning using a simple and
rapid method, the authors sidled the method of col-
leettng them by glass fiber filter paper coated with dye-
erine. They wo carried out measurements of those
chemicals w the environment.
Keywords: 'Q««nalytto. 'Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds. Absorption, Combustion products. Filter
paper, Qtycerol. Quantitative analysis, Japan, transla-
tor*, *A> pollution detection. 4Poryohkxlnated bl-
Ontnyto, BIpfWnyl/oMorOi • •rpiHrnyl/cnlofOi Poly*
PC A03/MF A01
A CotwBMiiioii lo ino ProMwn of tnt Onwn of Nr
•TOOtfVMMO AfMC iMMMtlOf) Of NlWOflOft OeWW8 In
OUao* Vmfcu MHrotamlnu po Vdecftovanl KysHo-
nfcu Duefcu),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
.Park,N.C.Tmnal«
iSer
V. Kaut 1970.7p BPA-TR-76-668
Trans, of C**ko*loven*ka, Hygtana (Czechoslovalda)
v1Sn6p213-2181970.
The cerotnogento effect of nttroao compounds, and of
rMroMmlnea In psytnutar, It weJMcnown. The ponlbH-
Hy thai thaas) compounds form tt a.reeutt of the action
of nitrogen oxldee on lung tieeue has been assumed
on the grounds thai nMro«*mlnM In tooaooo smoke
develop as a resuti of the iMotton between NO2 and
amlno oompounde, and that the amlno croup* of pul-
monary prowBins, or thaw* decomposition products,
trosamlnes in tobacco smoke, but not In lung tli
The report Is concerned with the problem of the effect
of nitrogen oxides on the organism, and also looks Into
the possibility of the origin of nltroso compounds and
nltrosamlnes in the exposed lungs of animals.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Nitroso compounds,
'Amines, Respiration, Nttroso compounds. Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Exposure, In vitro analysis, Lung,
Tlssue*(Biology), In vivo analysis, Translations,
Czechoslovakia, Pathology, Cigarette smoking, *Alr
pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Nltrosamlnes.
PB-258 788-T PC A03/MF A01
Classification of Subjective Symptoms of Junior
High School Students Affected by Photochemical
Air Pollution (Kokagaku Sumoggu nl Yoru Jlkaku
Sholo no Bunrul),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Tadahlko Shlmteu. 1975,27p EPA-TR-76-213
Trans, of Talk) Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v9 n4 p734-741
1975.
Eptdemiotoglcal studies on the subjective symptoms of
students affected with photochemical air pollution
were made in the periods of Sept. 13, 21, 22,1972,
and on Oct. 3 in Osaka. A statistical analysis following
Hayashl's Quantification Theory (Pattern Classifica-
tion) revealed that the symptoms were to be classified
Into three types: Type A with a chief complaint of eye
irritation, Type B complaining of cough and sore throat
and Type C with nausea, dizziness, and numbness of
the extremities. Those three types were either Inter-
changeable or overlapping depending upon the time
and day of examination. Difference in type classifica-
tion seems to show a difference In the quality of photo-
chemical air pollution.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions. 'Public health,
Epidemiology, Air pollution, Respiratory system, Signs
and symptoms, EyefAnatomy), Nausea, Syncope,
Translations, Japan, 'Air pollution eftects(Humans), Ir-
ritating agents, 'Environmental health.
PB-266 789-T PC A03/MF A01
Changes of Purim MetaboMem In Man and Ani-
mals Under Condition* of Molybdenum Btogeo-
ohemteal Province* (tamenenlya Purlnovogo
Obmena u Chetoveka I ZNvotnyfch v Ustovlyakh
Mollb*novykhB*oge«ldimilcrieeWhPrcirtrrt«4l),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. V. Kovalskll, Q. A. Yarovays, and D. M.
Shmavonyan. 1961,28p EPA-TR-78-362
Trans, of Zhumal Obahchel Btotogll (USSR) v22 n3
p179-1911961.
Sickness of animals wtth molybdenosfa, caused by an
excess molybdenum content In pasture plants, Is en-
countered In England, Canada, USA, New Zealand
and other countries. This sickness Is characterized by
diarrhea, loss of weight and change In cotor and falling
out of the fleece. After It became known that molybde-
num la a part of the enzyme xanthlne oxldaae, rt could
be assumed that the i
organism Is disrupted (
ricned In molybdenum.
content of animal tissues, xanthlne oxidasa synthesis
Increases, which results In Increased formation of uric
add In the organism and, under certain condition*, tt
can cause • gout type of sickness. The studies con-
ducted enabled the question to be raised of the effect
of the Increased molybdenum concentration In the en-
vironment on human purine metabolism.
Keywords: 'Toxldty, 'Molydenum, 'Punnes, Toxicol-
ogy, Nitrogen heterocydlc compounds, Metals, Metab-
oMm, Xanthlne oxldase, Uric add, Biochemistry, Sods,
Ecology, Contaminant*, Food chain*, Animals,
Human*, USSR, Translation*.
P6-2M790-T PCA02/MFA01
Aromatic Hydrocarbon* In Generator Shale H«ejn
.. ^^...j. v Qeneratemel
«•«!*• •,,»! JMI*|BA
vwniWvUi OTiwwk
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Path, N.C. Translation Service* Section.
Ulya Ukhe. and 0. Eteen. 1971, Bp EPA-TR-76-60
December 1963
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Estonskoi SSR, Tallinn. Iz-
vestiya. Khimiya, Geologiya, n4 p315-3171971.
The group composition and content of aromatic hydro-
carbons of shale oil generator resin which boil at tem-
peratures above 300C have been determined previ-
ously and the aromatic hydrocarbons of this resin have
been analyzed in more detail in other works. In the
present report, the authors have studied aromatic hy-
drocarbons extracted from generator resin by the ad-
sorption chromatographic method of elution in silicagel
columns.
Keywords: 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, 'Shale oils, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Composition(Property),
Alkene hydrocarbons, USSR, Translations.
PB-2M 791-T PC A02/MF A01
Resistance of Perennial* to Oases (Uetolchhvott
Mnogoletnlkov Protlv Qazov),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. G. Antipov. 1956,4p EPA-TR-73-441
Trans, of Sadovodstvo (USSR) v1 p741956.
Twenty species of perennial plants were set out over
the winter In the vicinity of a chemical enterprise giving
off hydrochloric acid fumes 1 -2 times a month. The Ori-
ental poppy, garden daisies, cornflowers, the colum-
bine, the cup-and-saucer and the caespitose phlox did
not survive under these conditions. The sweet William,
pheasant's eye pink, adonis, larkspur, garden iris, lily-
of-the-valley, yellow day-lily, garden lupin, garden
peony, solldago, goldenrod, paniculate phlox and the
plantain lily did survive.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Hydrochloric acid,
Air pollution, Industrial atmospheres, Gases, Survival,
Plants(Botany), Translations, USSR, 'Air pollution
effecte(Plants), Perennials, Leningrad(USSR).
PB-258 792-T PC A02/MF A01
The Role of the CITEPA In Providing Information
for Better Protection of the Environment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Jean-Paul Detrie. 1975,18p EPA-TR-75-125
Trans, of mono. Connaitre et Informer pour Mieux Pro-
teger I'Environment. Role du C.I.T.E.P.A., Paris, n.d.
The studies performed by CITEPA have been directed
primarily toward the development and standardization
of methods of measurement, the best means of pre-
vention, the dispersion of pollutants and their contents
In the ambient air, and collection, processing and dis-
tribution of French and foreign information. These
studies have been financed by energy distributors and
by the unions of various industries, with the participa-
tion of the Ministry of Industrial and Scientific Develop-
ment and the Ministry for Protection of Nature and the
Environment. The basis of all French regulation of in-
dustries is the Law of 1917.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Organizations.
'Information systems, France, Environmental impacts,
Protection, Research, Combustion products, water
pollution abatement Water quality management. Solid
waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Measurement,
Sources, Technology, Noise pollution. Translations,
Agricultural wastes, Centre Interprofeastonel Tech-
nique d'Etudes de la Pollution Atmospherique.
PB-258 793-T PC A02/MF A01
pH Meters (pH-Wert-Messtechnlk),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Willy W. Wire. 1973,13p EPA-TR-75-126
Trans, of Wasser, Luft und Betrieb (West Germany)
v17n10p352-3541973.
Precise, electrometric measurement of pH and other
km activities is greatly simplified for practical applica-
tons by means of a sophisticated physical and chemi-
cal solution with the entire measuring setup perma-
nently stabilized. The electrolyte for the reference
electrode and the activating solution for the measuring
electrode are usually identical in this new rapid-meas-
urement concept this completely eliminates various
measuring errors often neglected in practice as well as
the frequent recallbratton. Factory-adjusted pH, pC,
and other px-meters with integrated sensors, usually in
combination, have already worked well under difficult
conditions, e.g. in maintenance of sewage detoxifica-
tion plants, field measurements, and in new fields of
application for electronic pH measurement.
Keywords: *pH meters, Calibrating, Laboratory equip-
ment, Electrodes, Reviews, Translations, West Ger-
many.
PB-258 794-T PC A02/MF A01
The Problem of Selecting the Number of Sampling
Point* and Frequency of Observation* of Atmos-
pheric Pollution (K VoproMi o Vybore Kollchestva
Punktov Otbors Prob I Chaatote Nablyudenll za
Zagryaznenlem Atmosferel),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
B. B. Goroshko. 1971,20p EPA-TR-73-647J, APTIC-
47816
Trans, of Glavnaya Geoflzicheskaya Observatorlya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n254 p140-151 1971.
Sampling to determine atmospheric pollution and
chemical analysis of the samples requires consider-
able expenditure of time. Therefore, the problem of the
optimum number of sampling points and frequency of
sampling Is of considerable significance. The task of
Investigating atmospheric pollution In the vicinity of in-
dividual sources is somewhat simpler. Let us deal with
It initially, so that we can use this as a basis for moving
on to the problem of organizing observations in urban
territories with a great many sources emitting pollut-
ants. The problems of organizing the observation of at-
mospheric pollution around large enterprises have al-
ready been discussed in part (8-11). It was noted that
the minimum intervals between remote observations
have been set at short distances. With Increasing dis-
tance from the source, the intervals grow longer, so
that on the lee side of the enterprise a significant influ-
ence is exerted by unorganized emissions and emis-
sions from low stacks whose concentration decreases
rapidly. Because of other factors which determine the
degree of pollution of a city, It is necessary to conclude
that there are changes in the volume of pollution emis-
sions in the atmosphere. The principal Influence is the
proximity of busy roads and Industrial areas. Hence,
the density of a network with 3 to 4 km between points
may be sufficient to obtain general characteristics of
the field of concentration for the territory of the city. In
this instance, when the concentration of pollutants is
determined primarily by the influence of local sources,
it is advantageous to carry out a sampling using auto-
matic devices located at different distances from the
center of the emissions.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, Air pollution, Sampling, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Exhaust emis-
sions, Urban areas, Wind velocity, Sites, Flue gases,
Chemical analysis, Translations, USSR, 'Air pollution
detection.
PB-258 795-T PC A02/MF A01
The Possibility of Determining Maximum Dosss of
Carcinogenic Substances (O vozmozhnostl Opre-
detonlya Predelnykh dot KanUerogennykh Ve«h-
che*tv),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. N. Nelman. May 72,10p EPA-TR-73-272, APTIC-
51115
Trans, of Gigiena I SanKariya (USSR) n5 p90-93 May
73.
The question of determining doses of carcinogenic
substances which are safe for man has great theoreti-
cal and practical value. The environment contains not
a few carcinogenic active chemical mixtures of the
most varied origins, and It is natural that hygienlsts,
lexicologists and oncologists are Interested in the pos-
sibility of establishing maximum permissible concen-
trations of such substance* In the atmosphere, soil,
drinking water, food products, etc. If carcinogenic sub-
stances, in very small doses do not actually cause the
development of a tumor, do they create In the orga-
nism subjected to their influence heightened sensitivity
to the effect of carcinogenic factors. Can answers to
these questions regarding any group of carcinogens
be attributed to all kinds of chemical carcinogenic sub-
stances, I.e. is the mechanism of the effect of carcino-
gens and the course of development of a precancer-
ous condition and a malignant tumor under their influ-
ence of importance. The report attempts to answer
some of these questions.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, Chemical compounds, Per-
missible dosage, Exposure, Neoplasms, Pathology,
Translations, USSR, Maximum permissible exposure
level, 'Environmental health, Carcinogenesls, 'Oncol-
ogy.
PB-258 799-T PC A02/MF A01
Vertical Structure of the Turbulence Energy
above an Agitated Surface (Vertlkalnaya Stnikturs
Energll Turbulentno*tl nad Vznolnovannol Po-
verkhnoatyu),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
E. L. Genikhovich, and L Vu. Preobraznenskll. 1971,
8p EPA-TR-73-647G, APTIC-57037
Trans, of Glavnaya Geofizlcheskaya Ob*ervatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) p116-1201971.
Experiments Involving study of the wind structure
above the sea conducted in recent years have mad* it
possible to determine the characteristics of turbulence
in the layer near the water. The results obtained Indi-
cate significant differences In the structure of the tur-
bulent flow above the sea in comparison with the layer
of the atmosphere near the ground. In particular, when
undifferentiated stratification Is present, the ratio of the
energy of the turbulence to the square of the dynamic
velocity Is not a universal constant.
Keywords: 'Air water Interactions, 'Turbulent flow,
Wind velocity, Diffusion, Mathematical models, Trans-
lations, USSR.
PC A09/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Oen-
PB-258 800/2
Pharmaceutical
•ration, Treatment, and Disposal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
1976,189p* EPA/SW-508
The studies were conducted for Information purposes
only and not in response to a Congressional regulatory
mandate. As such, the studies serve to provide EPA
with: (1) an initial data base concerning current and
projected types and quantities of industrial waste* and
applicable disposal methods and costs; (2) a data
base for technical assistance activities; and (3) a back-
ground for guidelines development work pursuant to
Sec. 209, Solid Waste Disposal Act. as amended. The
study had four basic objectives: To determine the
nature and quantities of hazardous wastes originating
from the pharmaceutical industry (1973) and to project
these wastes to 1977 and 1983; To determine the cur-
rent treatment and disposal practices within the Indus-
try; To examine Improved control technologies which
could be applied to reduce hazards presented by the
wastes; and. To calculate the cost of implementing
control technology In a typical hypothetical or existing
plant
Keywords: 'Drug industrial, 'Chemical Industry, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Surveys, Industrial waste treatment Haz-
ardous materials, Cost analysis, Sanitary landfills, Anti-
biotics, Organic compounds, Antacids, Fermentation,
Alkaloids, Medicinal plants, Process charting, Classifi-
cation, Filters, Manufacturing, Effluent*, Formulations,
Materials recovery, Toxldty. Cost estimate*. Medical
supplies, Distillation, Incinerators, Management plan-
ning, Liquid waste disposal, Heavy metals, Hazardous
materials disposal.
PB-258 802/8 PC A02/MF A01
Limestone Wet-Scrubbing Test Result* at the EPA
Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility. Capsuto Report.
Progressrept.no. 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jan 74,17p EPA/625/2-74/004
See also Progress rept. no. 2, PB-258 804.
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 46268.
This capsule report discusses the highlights of the first
detailed engineering progress report It describes the
test facility and test program and presents result* to
date of the limestone wet-scrubbing testing. In adop-
tion, the readability and operabiltty of the test facility
during long term (2+ weeks) closed liquor loop oper-
ation Is discussed. (Color Illustrations In Mack and
white.)
10 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, "Air pollution,
Process charting, Flue gases, Calcium oxides, Scrub-
bers, Design criteria, Reliability, Wet methods.
PB-258 803/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Quality Office.
Selected Urban Storm Water Runoff Abstracts.
Quarterly Issue no. 3.
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa. Sci-
ence Information Services Dept.
Apr 71,80p EPA/WQO-11024-FJE-04/71
Contract DI-14-12-904
See also issue no. 2, PB-198 312.
The third quarterly supplement to SELECTED URBAN
STORM WATER RUNOFF ABSTRACTS is a compila-
tion of abstracts summarizing articles from a variety of
technical literature concerning the problem of urban
drainage published from January 1971 through March
1971. The 69 abstracts covering a range of ten sec-
tions are arranged alphabetically by author and nu-
merically by abstract number within each category.
Each Item Includes a bibliographic citation, an ab-
stract, and a set of indexing descriptors and Identifiers.
A cumulative subject Index at the end of the volume
provides the necessary access to Individual concepts.
An author Index and a journal list are also included.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Storms, 'Urban
areas, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Identifying, Drain-
age, Floods, Indexes(Documentatlon), Describing,
'Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB-258 804/4 PC A02/MF A01
time/Limestone Wet-Scrubbing Teat Result* at
the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility. Capsule
Report. Progress rept. no. 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 75,18p EPA/625/2-75/008
See also progress rept. no. 1, PB-2S8 802.
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
This Capsule Report describes a program conducted
by EPA to lest prototype lime and limestone wet-scrub-
bing systems for removing sulfur dioxide and panicu-
late matter from coal-fired boiler flue gases. The pro-
gram is being carried out in a test facility which Is inte-
grated Into the flue gas duct-work of a coal-fired boiler
at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Shawnee
Power Station, Paducah, Kentucky. This report de-
scribes a series of lime and limestone reliability tests
conducted from March 1973 to December 1974.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Par-
ticles, Coal, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Boilers, Calcium carbonates, Scrubbers, Flue gases,
Process charting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion. Kentucky(Paducah), 'Limestone scrubbing, Wet
methods, Venturi separators.
PB-288 806/1 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution Abatement in a Brewing Facility. Cap-
sule Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 74,18p EPA/625/2-74/006
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
The Capsule Report shows how the Adolph Coors
Company, through a well planned and well executed
environmental control program, Improved effluent
quality and achieved savings In waste treatment facility
capital and operating costs. Coors began Its pollution
control efforts In 1951 with the construction of a waste
treatment facility and the initiation of a conservation
program to reduce In-plant water usage and waste dis-
charge*. During the past 22 years, Coors has been
successful in reducing the raw waste loading to less
than half of the brewing Industry mean raw waste
'levels through engineering design Improvements and
changes in operating practice. (Color Illustrations Re-
produced In Black and White.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Industrial
wastes, Waste water reuse, Design criteria, Water con-
servation. Improvement, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Activated sludge process, 'Brewing Industry.
PB-258 806/9 PC A02/MF A01
Magnesium Carbonate - A Recycled Coagulant
from Water Treatment. Capsule Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 75,16p EPA/625/2-75/009
See also report dated Jun 71, PB-209 938.
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266.
This Capsule Report explains the new magnesium re-
cycle coagulation system for water treatment, which is
based on a combination of water softening and con-
ventional coagulation techniques which can be applied
to all types of water. This system offers an alternative
approach to chemical sludge handling as well as pro-
viding for reuse of the chemicals.
Keywords: 'Coagulation, 'Water treatment, 'Sludges,
'Magnesium carbonates, Materials recovery, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
Cost estimates, Water softening.
PB-258 809/3 PC A02/MF A01
Dry Caustic Peeling of Clingstone Peaches. Cap-
sule Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 73,15p EPA/625/2-73/005
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
The Capsule Report discusses the modified dry caus-
tic process which uses rapidly rotating rubber discs to
mechanically wipe the caustic treatedpeel from cling-
stone peaches. This report covers two-seasons of
evaluation during which the dry caustic peeling system
was operated in parallel with a conventional peeling
system. (Color Illustrations Reproduced In Black and
White.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Peaches,
'Food processing, Peeling, Sodium hydroxide, Corre-
lation techniques, Performance evaluation, Waste
water reuse.
PB-258 B12/7 PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of the National Academy of Sciences'
Report, 'Decision-Making for Regulating Chemi-
cals In the Environment'.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jan 76,35p EPA/560/3-76/001
In July, 1975, the National Academy of Sciences, pub-
lished a report on regulating chemicals In the environ-
ment. This report included 34 specific recommenda-
tions for improving the decision-making process. The
Office of Toxic Substances, with Input from all interest-
ed offices in the Agency, prepared the present analy-
sis of the 34 recommendations. This analysis was un-
dertaken to assist in further consideration of these rec-
ommendations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, 'De-
cision making, Recommendations, chemical com-
pounds, Environmental Impacts, Pollution.
PB-258 814/3 PC A02/MF A01
Alaska Sewage Lagoons,
Environmental Protection Agency, College, Alaska.
Arctic Environmental Research Lao.
Sidney E. Clark, Harold J. Coutts, and Robert L.
Jackson. Aug 70,25p Working Paper-8
Presented at the Second International Symposium on
Sewage Lagoons, Kansas City, Missouri, June 1970.
There are many isolated communities and governmen-
tal installations in Alaska with populations of less than
1000 people. An aerated lagoon with its ability to
handle overloads and its simplicity of operation Is at-
tractive for remote installations. Late in 1967 the
Alaska Air Command and the Alaska Water laboratory
entered into an agreement to costruct and operate a
research field facility that included an aerated lagoon
pilot plant at Eieison Air Force Base, 22 miles south-
east of Fairbanks in interior Alaska. Moat of the Infor-
mation In this report has been obtained from the Eiei-
son lagoon.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
'Alaska, Aeration, Cold regions, Size determination,
Feasibility, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data), Ice,
Atmospheric temperature, Field tests, Military facilities,
Eieison Air Force Base, Fairbanks(Alaska).
PB-258 817/6 PC A03/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon and Sulfuric Acid Pro-
duction via Magnesia Scrubbing. Capsule Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 75,30p EPA/625/2-75/007
This Capsule Report explains the technology used In
establishing a large prototype sulfur dioxide recovery
plant based upon magnesia slurry scrubbing. The Che-
mico-Basic magnesia process was chosen. During this
period, the system's ability to regenerate and reuse
magnesium oxide was demonstrated and over 5,000
tons of sulfuric acid were produced from magnesium
sulfite and sold in the commercial market.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Magnesia, Sulfuric acid, Chemical plants, Scrubbers,
Process charting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Concentration(Composltion), Operating costs,
Capitalized costs, Materials recovery, 'Waste gas re-
covery.
PB-258 822/6 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Analysis of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols by
Mass Spectroscopy. Final rept. Jun 72-Oct 75,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Chemistry.
Alden L. Crittenden. Aug 76,296p EPA/600/3-76/093
Grant EPA-R-801119
High resolution mass spectroscopy has been found to
be a useful means of characterizing the organic frac-
tion of urban aerosols. Quantitative accuracy, howev-
er, was limited, particularly for compounds of tow
abundance. Some ambiguities were found in the as-
signment of origins of ions formed In the mass spec-
trometer. Compounds that were detected included
phenols; aromatic carboxylic acids and, possibly,
esters of these; and aliphatic dibasic acids. Evidence
was found of several other difunctional compounds, In-
cluding nitrate or nitrite species. Strong evidence was
found Tor the presence in some urban aerosols of com-
pounds reported by others as products of the oxidation
of toluene in smog chamber reactions. Less evidence
was found for products formed by the oxidation of ter-
penes. A few samples of automobile exhaust particu-
iates were analyzed. The occurrence of benzoic acid
and the benzoyl ion in mass spectra appear to be pos-
sible indicators of automotive contribution to the or-
ganic components. Results for a large number of com-
pounds are provided for 88 samples of aerosols col-
lected at sites located in the greater Los Angeles, Se-
attle, St. Louis, and Denver areas.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Mass spectroscopy, Smog,
Particles, Chemical analysis, Test chambers, Ions, Air
pollution, Accuracy, Sampling, Sites, Measuring instru-
ments, Concentratlon(Composition), Diurnal vari-
ations, Urban areas, Nitrites, Terpene hydrocarbons,
'Air pollution sampling, Procedures.
PB-258 823/4 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Charged Droplet Scrubber for Fin* Particle Con-
trol: Laboratory Study. Final phase rept. Jun 73-Jun
75,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
C, W. Lear. Sep 76,183p EPA/600/2-76/2498
Contract EPA-68-02-1345
The report gives results of a feasibility study of the ap-
plication of charged droplet scrubbing for fine particle
control. Results, using the TRW charged droplet
scrubber, indicated that the method is feasible and ap-
plicable over a wide range of conditions. In the
charged droplet scrubber the electrical Interaction
mechanisms exist In addition to the normal impact and
diffusional scrubbing mechanisms. Electrical Interac-
tion Is strong In the 0.1 to 1.0 micron paniculate size
range where the normal mechanisms lack effective-
ness. Collection efficiencies as high as 80% for 0.1
micron and 90% for 1 micron particles were demon-
strated In a three-stage unit. Induced charging or dry
charging of participate by charge transfer from dro-
plets Is an effective and major collection mechanism In
the fine paniculate size range. Large (100 micron) dro-
December 1983 11
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plets give better performance characteristics than
small (10 micron) droplets.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Scrubbers, 'Fines, Efficiency, Experimental design,
Drops(Liquids), Electrostatic charge, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Measuring instruments, Tests, Numeri-
cal analysis, 'Charged droplet scrubbers, Procedures.
PB-256 824/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A. P. 8. Electro-Tube Evaluation. Final rept. Jun 75-
May76.
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, Christian Christensen, and Charles
Lake. Jul 76,49p EPA/600/2-76/ 154b
Contract EPA-68-02-1496
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-256 335.
The report gives results of an evaluation of an Air Pol-
lution Systems (APS) Inc. Electro-Tube, a wet electro-
static precipilator. Fine particle collection efficiency as
a function of particle size was computed from data
taken on the Electro-Tube. It was operated at gas flow
rates of 16.9, 16.9, and 22.9 cu mA/min at ambient
conditions. Titanium dioxide was generated as the test
aerosol having an approximate mass mean diameter
of 1.2 micrometers (A) with a geometric standard devi-
ation of 2.2. Test results indicated that the overall col-
lection efficiency was 96.9%, 98.2%, and 99.3% for
the high, medium, and low gas flow rates, respectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, Particle size, Sources, Perform-
ance tests, Oust collectors, Aerosols, Titan* dioxide,
lonization, Sampling, Cost estimates, Impactors,
Fines, Particulates, Cascade impactors, Wet methods,
Stationary sources.
PB-258 825/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fine Particle Emissions Information System: Sum-
mery Report (Summer 1976). Rept. for Oct 75-May
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
M. P. Schrag, and A. K. Rao. Jun 76,208p EPA/600/2-
76/174
Contract EPA-68-02-1324
The report summarizes the initial loading of data into
the Fine Particle Emissions Information System
(FPEIS), a computerized database on primary fine par-
ticle emissions to the atmosphere from stationary
sources, designed to assist engineers and scientists
engaged in fine particle control technology develop-
ment The FPEIS, a successor to the MRI Fine Particle
Inventory developed in 1971, report summarizes 52
series of tests on 33 types of sources and a variety of
conventional and novel control devices. The test
series contain over 700 test runs or sampling events.
utilizing impactors of various types, optical particle
counters, and diffusion batteries for the fine particle
measurements. Particle size distributions from typical
tests are given. The report also describes the FPEIS,
summarizes the data acquisition activities, and as-
sesses data acquired relative to the effectiveness of
particle control technology and the current state of the
FPEIS database. The report discusses particulate
sampling and sizing techniques, and particutate-relat-
ed health effects.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Particles, 'Fines,
Data processing, Dust, Sources, Particle size, Sam-
pling, Measurement. Data acquisition. Public health.
Toxicology, 'Fine Particle Emissions Information
System, Stationary sources, 'Air pollution control, Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB-258 827/5 PC A07/MF A01
Standard Support and Environmental Impact
Statement Volume 2. Promulgated Emission
Standard for Vinyl CMorMe.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Sep 76,135p EPA/450/2-75/009b
See also PB-249 703.
A national emission standard for vinyl chloride emitted
from ethylene dichloride-vinyl chloride and poryvtnyl
chloride plants is being promulgated under the authori-
ty of section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Vinyl chloride
has been implicated as the causal agent of angiosar-
coma and other serious disorders, both carcinogenic
and noncarcinogenic, in people with occupational ex-
posure and in animals with experimental exposure to
vinyl chloride. Reasonable extrapolations from these
findings cause concern that vinyl chloride may cause
or contribute to the same or similar disorders at
present ambient air levels. The purpose of the stand-
ard is to minimize vinyl chloride emissions from all
known process and fugitive emission sources In ethyl-
ene dichloride-vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride
plants to the level attainable with best available control
technology. This would have the effect of furthering
the protection of public health by minimizing the health
risks to the people living in the vicinity of these plants
and to any additional people who are exposed as a
result of new construction. This is estimated to have
the effect of reducing emissions from a typical ethyl-
ene dichloride-vinyl chloride plant by approximately 94
percent and from a typical polyvinyl chloride plant by
approximately 95 percent. This document contains a
summary of the public comments on the proposed
standard and EPA's responses to the comments. It
also contains updated information concerning the en-
vironmental and inflationary impacts of the standard.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Environmental
impact statements, 'Vinyl chloride, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical plants, Cost analysis, Economics,
Public health, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Law enforcement Standards, Industrial hygiene. Parti-
cles, Waste water, Water pollution, Pesticides, Aero-
sols, Testing, Toxicity, Fugitive emissions, Air quality.
PB-258 828/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
--"-- studies on pnotocn _
>t. Jun 74-Aug
Smog Chamber Studies on Photochemical Aero-
sol-Precursor Relationships. Final rept.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
David F. Miller, and Darrell W. Joseph. Jul 76,125p
EPA/600/3-76/080
Contract EPA-68-02-1718
An experimental program was conducted in which con-
trolled atmospheres containing water vapor, CO, NOx
(NO + N02), and a constant distribution of 17 hydro-
carbons (NMHC) were irradiated In a smog chamber.
Reaction profiles were developed for NO oxidation, hy-
drocarbon oxidation, ozone formation, and aerosol for-
mation over 10-hour irradiation periods. Comparison of
smog chamber results with data on hydrocarbon oxi-
dation rates observed in the Los Angeles area and
with worst-case ozone episodes In that area, suggest
that the models (precursor relationships) developed (In
this study) for photochemical aerosol formation are
highly relevant to smog problems in polluted atmos-
pheres.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution, 'Photochemical
reactions, 'Smog, Test chambers, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Water vapor, Ozone,
Concentratjon(Composition), Sources, Sulfur dioxide,
Hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography, Point sources,
Nonpoint sources, Los Angeles(California).
PB-258 829-T PC A03/MF A01
Vehicle-Generated Pollutant Diffusion Module In
Open-Air Conditions (Samplings Along a One-Way
Highway) (Modulo dl DIMuelone dl Inqulnantl Vel-
colarl In AmWente Aperto (Sperlmentazlon Lungo
una via di Grande Trafflco a Seneo Unlvo)),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L Mammarella, and A. L. Santi. 1971,28p EPA-TR-74-
433, APTIC-43638
Trans, of Geofisica e Meteorologia (Italy) v20 p106-
114Mar-Aug71.
Of the three types of atmospheric pollution (thermal,
vehicular, industrial), the first two are those largely re-
sponsible for the change that takes place In the com-
position of the low-lying urban air strata. Vehicular
emissions play a big roleln low altitude urban pollution.
A phenomenon of mis type, particularly when the town
topography is considered to be of the 'closed' type,
tends to concentrate vehicular emissions for a long
time. In this report specific vehicle-generated pollut-
ants are considerably diversified, qualitatively and
quantitatively. The tests that are given here, have
great practical importance. In fact, an investigation of
the type described in the document can be made by
because the cost of the sampler is low, and the sam-
pler is very easy to operate, interpretation of the data
obtained by the samplers leads to the conclusion that
pollution is heaviest at the low levels (to about 3
meters) during rush hours. At slightly higher levels (6
meters for the case in point), the mean pollution level
tends to decrease, though remaining constant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, Urban areas.
Lower atmosphere, Exhaust emissions, Aerosols,
Carbon monoxide, Samplers, Highways, Translations,
Italy, Air pollution sampling.
PB-258 830-T PC A02/MF A01
The Uae of Sorptlon Tubes to Sample Air for
Sulfur Dioxide Determinations (Prlmenenle Sorbt-
slonnykh Trubok dlya Otbora Prob Vozdukha prl
Opredelenll Dvuoklel Sery),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. Sh. Volberg, and O. P. Sharikova. 1975,14p EPA-
TR-76-279
Trans, of Glavnaya Geoflzlcheskaya Observatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) n325 p152-160 1975.
A method for sampling afr in a sorptlon tube to deter-
mine S02 is proposed. Glass powder (grain sizes 1-
2mm) impregnated with a 2.5% solution of potash con-
taining a 15% non-drying organic additive is recom-
mended for the sorbent. Trie efficiency with which
sorption tubes trap sulfur dioxide when the air aspira-
tion rate is 4 liters/minute is 98-99%. The advantages
of sorptlon tubes over liquid absorption instruments
with a porous glass tile include the possibility of pass-
Ing large volumes of air, compactness, simplicity of
manufacture, possibility of sampling air at below freez-
ing temperatures, and low hydro-dynamic resistance.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Gas analysis, Chemisorp-
tion, Adsorption, Gas sampling, Ethylene glycol, Glyc-
erol, USSR, Translations, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-258 831/7 PC A06/MF A01
Ecological Effects of Aerosol Drift from a
Saltwater Cooling System. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Terres-
trial Ecology Branch.
Ibrahim J. Hindawi, Lawrence C. Raniere, and James
A. Rea. Jul 76,117p EPA/600/3-76/078
The local terrestrial effects of salt aerosol drift from
powered spray modules and a mechanical draft cool-
ing tower at Turkey Point, Florida were evaluated
through field and controlled exposure studies. Indig-
enous vegetation, soil and fresh water were sampled
over a year long period to acquire pre-activatton base-
line data and to provide for the assessment of possible
environmental impact of salt aerosol loading from the
test cooling devices. No measurable effects attributa-
ble to salt aerosol emissions from test cooling devices
were detected on indigenous plants, soil or fresh water
sampled during or following operation of the test cool-
ing tower/spray modules. Full-term effects and salt
aerosol tolerance levels of a cultivar plant, bush bean,
were examined by controlled exposure to a simulated
sea-salt aerosol at concentrations representative of
the Turkey Point test site.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Cooling towers,
'Ecology, 'Bean plants, 'Inorganic salts, Salt water,
Windward drift, Environmentalimpacts, Plant tissues,
Electric power plants, Nuclear reactors,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Exposure, Plant growth,
Toxic tolerances, Florida. Baseline studies. Turkey
Point(Florida), *Alr pollution effects(Plants).
PB-258 833/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Fate and Biological Effects of Mercury Introduced
Into Artificial Stream*. Final rept,,
Savannah River Ecology Lab., Aiken. S.C.
Henry J. Kania. Robert!. Knight, and Robert J. Beyers.
Aug 78,141p EPA/600/3-76/060
Grant EPA-R-800510
Mercuric Ion was continuously input to artificial stream
channels to provide water concentrations of 0.01,1.0,
and 5.0 mtorograms/l. Channel components were peri-
odically sampled for total mercury analyses. The ef-
fects of mercury on the algal components of the peri-
12 Vol. 83. No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phyton communities and on the benthic insects were
determined. The sampling program continued one full
year after mercury inputs were stopped. Approximately
15% of the added mercury was removed from the
water. The community components acquired very high
concentrations of mercury, although in most cases the
levels in these were not a linear function of the water
levels. Concentrations in invertebrates decreased
most rapidly after mercury inputs were stopped while
the sediment levels decreased most slowly.
Keywords: 'Streams, 'Mercury(Metal), 'Aquatic biol-
ogy, 'Fishes, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, Food chains,
Algae, Sediments, Invertebrates, Sampling, Aquatic
microbiology, Purification, Marine microorganisms,
Metals, Water analysis, Concentratlon(Composition),
Heavy metals.
PB-268 834-T PC A02/MF A01
Study on Long-Term Effect* of Nitric Oxide on
Mice,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
HajimeOda, Hlroshi Nogaml, Shigeko Kusumoto,
Etsuko Yonekawa, and Yasuko Tsubota. 1974,23p
EPA-TR-78-214
Trans, of mono. Issankachisso no Seital ni Oyobosu
Eikyo nl Kansuru Kenkyu, Osaka, 1974.
Air pollution by nitrogen oxides is a phenomenon
which has been progressing rapidly In recent years. Of
particular concern are the cases of pollution by nitric
oxide (NO) whose concentration is frequently ob-
served to exceed the concentration of pollution by ni-
trogen dioxide (N02). As far as N02 Is concerned, en-
vironmental standards have already been established
on the basis of animal experiment data and epldeml-
ologlcal findings which revealed negative effects
caused in the respiratory apparatus by low concentra-
tions. In contrast, the establishment of environmental
standard levels with respect to NO has been left ne-
glected due to the absence so far of data regarding Its
effects at low concentrations. The report presents a
general examination of the toxlcity of NO. The authors
exposed mice for periods of up to 6.S months to a con-
centration of 10 ppm, a level considerably lower than
the several hundred ppm exposure concentrations
previously reported and, at the same time, below the
allowable concentration stipulated by the ACGIH for
the Industrial environment.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxlde(NO), 'Toxlclty, Air pollu-
tion, Toxicology, Mice, Histology, Pathology, Hema-
tology, Biochemistry, Translations, Japan, Laboratory
animals, Experimental data, lA!r pollution
effects(Anlmals), Maximum allowable concentration.
PB-268 835-T
PC A03/MF A01
Study of Fabric Fitters for Industrial Dud Collect-
ing Devices (Badanla Tkanln Flltracvjnych dl*
Pnemysowych Urzadzen Odpylatacych),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Udla Kosclanowska, Jadwiga Zareba, and Jan
Kosclanowski. 1974,26p EPA-TR-75-146
Trans, from Cement, Wapno, Qips (Poland) n7 1974.
The article discusses studies on the suitability of filter
fabrics used In dedustlng gases In the cement industry.
The equipment used In laboratory tests and on the
semi-Industrial scale Is also described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Ce-
ments, 'Lime cements, 'Filters, Dust collection, Parti-
cles, Fabrics, Performance evaluation, Translations,
Poland,' Fabric filters, Cement Industry.
PB-2M 836-T PC A02/MF A01
Btereophotogrammetilc Investigation of Air Flow
In the Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere Above
• HIM (8tereofotogrsmmetrtch«ekoe laeledovanle
Vozduahnogo Pofoka v Pogrinlohnom do* At-
moefefy nad Kholmow)i
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. S. Ellseev. 1971,18p EPA-TR-73-647E, APTIC-
57038
Trans, of Glavnaya Geofizlcheskaya Observatoriya,
Leningrad. Trudy (USSR) p67-99 1971.
In recent years, ground stereophotogrammetrtc meth-
ods of Investigation have been used extensively In the
national economy. The extensive use of ground ster-
eophotogrammetric recording is explained by many of
the advantages it alone possesses with respect to
many other methods. One of Its principal advantages
is the fact that photographic images may be used for
highly accurate measurements of the coordinates of
an object in three-dimensional space. The photo-
graphic method also makes it possible to determine
the effect of short-term processes and to break down
complex ones into individual phases.
Keywords: 'Stereophotography, 'Photogrammetry,
'Atmospheric motion, Air pollution, Diffusion, Math-
ematical models, Numerical analysis, Translations,
USSR, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB-258 837-T PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty of Finely Dispersed Metallic Nickel Dust
Whan Inhaled Repeatedly (Tokslchnost Malkodls-
persnol Pyll Metalllcheskogo Nlkelya prl Mnogok-
ratnykh Ingalyatslyakh),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. N. Selivanova, and V. F. Sosova. 1961,12p EPA-
TR-74-487
Trans, of Gigiena Truda I Professlonalnye Zabolevan-
iya (USSR) v5 n6 p28-29 1961.
The results of clinical, pathomorphologlcal, and im-
munobiological Investigations of 30 rabbits, 10 of
which were controls, made to Inhale finely dispersed
metallic nickel dust, are discussed. Inhalation of low
concentrations caused the test animals to develop a
picture of chronic toxicosis with affection of the respi-
ratory organs predominant. Loading by autoflora mi-
crobes lowered resistance to infection. There was no
apparent allergic reaction to a sample of the metallic
nickel studied.
Keywords: 'Toxlcity, 'Nickel, 'Dust, Metals, Respira-
tion, Respiratory system, Pathology, Immunology,
Toxicology, Experimental data, Rabbits, Laboratory
animals, USSR, Translations.
PB-258 838-T PC A02/MF A01
The So-Called Vinyl Chloride Disease (Ueber die
SogenannteVlnylchlorld-Krankhelt),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. Juehe, C. -E. Lange, 3. Stein, and G. Veltman.
1975,15pEPA-TR-75-6
Trans, of Deutsche Medlzlnlsche Wochenschrlft (West
Germany) v98 p2034-2037 n.d.
Since the first reports on Impairments of health of
workers in the vinyl chloride (VC) Industry appeared In
1958, and of workers in the polyvlnyl chloride (PVC) In-
dustry in 1963, attention has been repeatedly directed
at this branch of the chemical Industry by further re-
ports. A syndrome was observed which was similar In
Its skin and bone changes to scleroderma, while Its eti-
ology and pathogenesls remained unresolved. Its prin-
cipal symptom was the Raynaud syndrome - nodose
or surface hard skin changes and band-shaped osteo-
lyses of the linger end-phalanges. The first observa-
tions of this disease pattern was reported In Germany
In 1972. The authors have recently made an exhaus-
tive report on the results obtained through the and of
1972, which reveal new aspects In the assessment of
the disease. The most Important features are summa-
rized.
Keywords: 'Occupational diseases, 'Vinyl chloride,
•Industrial medicine, 'Integumentary diseases, 'Toxi-
cology, Dermatology, Chemical Industry, Skin dis-
eases, Signs and symptoms, Gases, Pathology, Patho-
physiology, Histology, West Germany, Translations,
Air pollution effectsQ-fumans), Environmental health,
Occupational safety and health.
PB-258 848/5 PC A08/MF A01
Chemical and Photochemical Transformation of
Selected Pesticides In Aquatic Systems. Final
rept,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
N. Lee Wolfe, Richard G. Zepp, George L. Baughman,
Robert C. Flncher, and John A. Gordon. Sep 76,153p
EPA/600/3-76/067
This report presents the results of laboratory studies to
quantitatively predict chemical and photochemical
transformation rates and products of pesticides In
water. It Includes a general discussion of relevant
transformation processes and associated kinetic ex-
pressions. The processes treated in most detail are hy-
drolysis, direct photolysis, and reaction with singlet
oxygen. Implications of other processes such as oxida-
tion and sensitized photolysis are also discussed. Re-
sults of detailed studies are included for the pesticides,
malathion, carbaryl, methoxychlor, captan, and 2,4-0
esters. The measured rate constants and half-lives in-
dicate that chemical and/or photochemical processes
of these compounds are likely to be important In the
aquatic environment. Less extensive data is presented
for the pesticides, atrazine, diazinon, parathion, and
toxaphene, along with a discussion of available litera-
ture data.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Pesticides,
'Water pollution, 'Water chemistry, Chlorine aromatic
compounds, Herbicides, Fungicides, Experimental
design, Succinates, Carbamates, Insecticides, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Nitro-
gen heterocyclic compounds, Reaction kinetics, Oxi-
dation, DatafTables), Malathion, Phosphorodithloates,
Cyclohexene-dlcarboximide/N-((trichloromethyl)thlo),
Carbamic acld/(methyl-ester), Methoxychlor, D2-4
herbicide, Acetic acid/2-4-dichlorophenoxy, Atrazine,
Diazinon, Parathion, Toxaphene, Captan, Carbaryl.
PB-258 847/3 PC A04/MF A01
The EPA Program tor the Standardization of Sta-
tionary Source Emission Test Methodology • A
Review. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
M. Rodney Midgett. Aug 76,54p EPA/600/4-76/044
The report contains the results from a program de-
signed to standardize those emission test methods
promulgated by the EPA for use in determining compli-
ance with Federal emission standards. The approach
taken has been to conduct at least a limited laboratory
and field evaluation, followed by an Interlaboratory col-
laborative teat of each method. Emphasis here Is
placed on the collaborative testing, the results of
which are presented In terms of within-laboratory, be-
tween-laboratory, and laboratory bias standard devi-
ations. These estimates are based on single-run re-
sults, and not on the results of three consecutive runs
as would be required in conducting compliance testing.
A brief discussion is given of the manner in which the
precision estimates are derived. Determination of
method accuracy is also considered where practical.
The design of each test, deficiencies In test designs,
and other problems affecting the test results are dis-
cussed. An Improved test design that overcomes most
of the problems observed In earlier tests Is described.
A brief discussion of current projects and future plans
is given as well as references tc-the numerous reports
on the results of the methods standardization activi-
ties.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Gas analysis, 'Gas sampling,
•Flue gases, Accuracy, Reviews, Flow measurement,
Moisture content, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Sulfurlc acid, Opacity, Carbon monoxide, Be-
ryllium, Methodology, Laboratories, Stationary
sources, "Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Collaborative tests, EPA method 5, EPA method
6, EPA method 7, EPA method 8, EPA method 9, EPA
method 10.
PB-268 849/9 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dlv. of Water Planning.
Residual Waste Beet Management Practices: A
Water Planner's Qulde to Lend Disposal.
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Jun 76,290p* EPA/440/9-76/022
Contract EPA-68-01 -3503
Water quality may be adversely affected by nonpolnt
sources of pollution even after significant measures
have been taken and costs have been Incurred for
controllng pollutants from point sources. Residual
wastes can be more efficiently managed and thus
reduce deterioration of water quality by applying cost
effective state-of-the-art practices termed best man-
agement practices (BMP's). This planner's handbook
describes residual wastes from nine most frequently
encountered sources and relates management of
these wastes to exhaustive enumeration of BMP's.
This will provide the potential users-planners, engi-
neers, administrators, lawyers, elected officials and
others, with a reference for carrying out their residual
waste management responsibilities under areawide or
December 1983 13
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
State water quality management planning programs
and other regional/local activities.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement 'Management methods. Residues,
Sources, Sludge disposal, Waste water, Septic tanks,
Sewage treatment, Refuse, Law(Jurisprudence), Man-
uals, Municipalities, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Livestock, Spoil, Land development, Manage-
ment planning, Environmental surveys, Financing,
Ground water, Feedlot wastes, 'Land disposal, 'Re-
sidual wastes, Best management practices, Mine
wastes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-258 851/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of a Proportional Sampler for Auto-
mobile Exhaust Emissions Testing. Final rept. Jul
74-Mar 76,
Aeronutronic Ford Corp., Newport Beach, Calif. Indus-
trial and Environmental Products Operation.
Harold J. Haskins. Jun 76,122p EPA/600/2-76/169
Contract EPA-68-02-1755
The report describes the development of a device that
is capable of sampling gaseous emissions from auto-
mobiles. The device samples exhaust gases at a mass
rate that is proportional to the total exhaust gas mass
flow rate, which is measured using an ultrasonic vortex
flowmeter. The flowmeter delivers signals, which are
conditioned by process control electronics, to a
sample valve. Non-standard temperature and pressure
conditions at both the vortex flowmeter and the
sample valve are compensated for in the process con-
trol electronics. The report focuses primarily on devel-
opment of the vortex flowmeter, the sample valve, and
the process control electronics. These three compo-
nents comprise the heart of the proportional sampling
system.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Gas sampling, 'Air sam-
plers, Air pollution, Automobiles, Flow rate, Flow-
meters, Design, Proportional counters, 'Automobile
exhaust, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-258 852/3 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, May 1975-July
1975. Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., Penelope Metvin, and Robin M.
ROSS. Jul 76,328p* EPA/600/2-76/129
Grant EPA-R-B03063
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-243 724.
The May 1975 - July 1975 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Re-
ports is the fourth quarterly compilation of oil spill
events and oil pollution report summaries. Presented
in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b)
summaries and bibliographic literature citations; (c)
summaries of current research projects; and (d) patent
summaries.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies, Detection,
Sampling, Monitoring, Remote sensing, Water analy-
sis, Cleaning, Containment, Research projects, Pat-
ents, Environmental impacts, Legislation, Geophysical
prospecting, Biodeterioration, Ecology, Design, Materi-
als handling, Accidents, International relations,
Spreading, Ocean currents, Management planning,
Economic analysis, 'Oil spills, Oil pollution removal,
Oil pollution control, Water pollution detection, Water
pollution effects(Health), Water pollution
effects(Materials), Contingency planning.
PB-258 853/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Enforcement and General Counsel.
Application of Remote Techniques hi Stationary
Source Air Emission Monitoring,
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.
C. B. Ludwig, and M. Griggs. Jun 76,186p SAI-76-687-
U, EPA/340/1-76/005
Contract EPA-68-03-2137
See also PB-247 771.
The usefulness of remote sensing techniques for mon-
itoring the gaseous and paniculate emissions from sta-
tionary sources is analyzed. The present status of
active and passive remote monitoring instalments is
evaluated. This study confirms that the technique of
differential absorption has the best sensitivity for the
single-ended measurement of gaseous and participate
pollutants. In general, data interpretation problems of
the passive techniques make them less accurate than
the active methods.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Gas analysis, Surveys, Filters,
Resonance scattering, Air pollution, Particles, Remote
sensing, Absorption, Comparison, Sources, Interfero-
meters, Spectrometers, velocity measurement, Per-
formance evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Infrared detectors, Perimeters, Raman spec-
troscopy, Optical radar, Error analysis, Fluorescence,
Cost estimates, Safety, Concentration(Composition),
'Air pollution detection, Stationary sources, Proce-
dures, Pulsed lasers, Raman scattering.
PB-258 855/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Health and Environmental Impacts: Task 1. Vlnyll-
dene Chloride. Final rept.,
Tracer Jitco. Inc., Rockville, Md.
Randall D. Huffman, and Purna Desai-Greenaway. Oct
76, 62p EPA/560/6-76/023
Contract EPA-68-01 -4116
(PCA04/MFA01)
A comprehensive survey of the world literature was
conducted to prepare this report on the health and en-
vironmental impacts of vinylidene chloride. The availa-
ble information indicates that vinylidene chloride may
have significant health effects, but the information
shows inconsistencies and is insufficient for the formu-
lation of conclusions. Very little information is available
on the environmental impacts of vinylidene chloride.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial
medicine, Reviews, Tables(Data), Air pollution, Toxi-
cology, Exposure, Bibliographies, Pathology, Physio-
logical effects, Experimental data, Pharmacology, Bio-
chemistry, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, 'Environ-
mental health, Environmental impact assessments,
'Vinylidene chloride resins, Toxic substances.
PB-258 859-SET PC E99/MF E99
Model State Information System for the Safe
Drinking Water Program.
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va.
15Jun76,653p-in5v
Set includes PB-258 860 thru PB-258 864.
No abstract available.
PB-258 860/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Model State Information System for the Safe
Drinking Water Program. Volume I: Subsystem
Description. Definition of System Requirements.
Final rept.
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va.
15 Jun 76,166p* EPA/570/9-76/002-1
Contract EPA-68-01-1968
Also available in set of 5 reports as PB-258 859-SET,
PC$26.00/MF$11 .OO.fPC A08/MF A01)
The document presents the definition of the inputs,
outputs, files, processing steps, and timing require-
ments of a Model State Information System (MSIS) to
assist states implement the requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act. This definition, referred to as a
'general design' of an information system, was done at
a level of detail required for evaluating the technical
and administrative feasibility of developing a central-
ized or decentralized system. In order to Implement
MSIS, under either option, this general design must be
followed by a detailed system design, which defines In
detail in this report the various components of the
MSIS.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Informa-
tion systems, States(Uited States), Requirements,
Systems engineering, Maintenance, Tables(Data),
Public utilities, Data processing, Design, Input, Upgrad-
ing, Selection, Periodic variations, Scheduling, Report-
ing, National government, Sanitary engineering, Law
enforcement, 'Model State Information System,
'Drinking water.
PB-258 861/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Model State Information System for the Safe
Drinking Water Program. Volume II: Exhibits. Defi-
nition of Systems Requirements. Final rept.
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va.
15 Jun 76,118p* EPA/570/9-76/002-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -1968
Also available in set of 5 reports as PB-258 859-SET,
PC$26.00/MF$11,00.(PC A06/MF A01)
The MSIS consists of eight subsystems: (1) Public
Water Supply Inventory; (2) Water Quality Compliance;
(3) Regulations; (4) Federal Reporting; (5) Variances
and Exemptions; (6) Enforcement Actions; (7) Sanitary
Survey; and (8) Operator and Mailing. The first four
subsystems comprise the basic package, which is re-
quired if any portion of the MSIS is to be used. States
may select the base package and one or more optional
sub-systems, depending on their volume of data and
individual needs. Volume 2 of this study lists the exhib-
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Informa-
tion systems, States(United States), Water quality
management, Law enforcement, Penalties, Exposi-
tions, Turbidity, Variations,
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, Bacteria,
Maintenance, Laboratories, Mail, Records manage-
ment, Monitoring, Inputs, Tables(Data), 'Model State
Information System, 'Drinking water, Violations.
PB-258 862/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Model State Information System for the Safe
Drinking Water Program. Volume III: Data Element
Dictionary. Definition of System Requirements.
Final rept.
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va.
15 Jun 76,208p* EPA/570/9-76/002-3
Contract EPA-68-01-1968
Also available in set of 5 reports as PB-258 859-SET,
PC$26.00/MF$11,00.(PC A10/MF A01)
The MSIS consists of eight subsystems: (1) Public
Water Supply Inventory; (2) Water Quality Compliance;
(3) Regulations; (4) Federal Reporting; (5) Variances
and Exemptions; (6) Enforcement Actions; (7) Sanitary
Survey; and (8) Operator and Mailing. The first four
subsystems comprise the basic package, which is re-
quired if any portion of the MSIS is to be used. States
may select the base package and one or more optional
sub-systems, depending on their volume of data and
individual needs. Volume 3 lists the data element
dictionary.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Informa-
tion systems, States(United States), Water quality
management, Dictionaries, Sequencing, Monitoring,
Programming languages, Sampling, Variations,
Ground water, Legislation, Penalties, Chlorine, Inor-
ganic nitrates, 'Model State Information System,
'Drinking water, Exemptions.
PB-25B 863/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Model State Information System for the Safe
Drinking Water Program. Introduction to the
Model State Information System (MSIS). Final rept
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va
15 Jun 76, 34p'T=PA/570/9-76/002-4
Contract EPA-68-01-1968
Also available in set of 5 reports as PB-258 859-SET,
PC$26.00/MF$11.00.(PC A03/MF A01)
The Model State Information System (MSIS) is a com-
puter-based Information system for use by individual
states in managing the Increased volume of water
quality and related data that will be required to imple-
ment the recently promulgated National Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations. While it is primarily
designed for those states that do not currently have an
automated system, it Is also designed to provide en-
hanced capabilities to states with automated systems.
The subsystem and operational highlights are given In
this report.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Informa-
tion systems, States(Unlted States), Public utilities,
Water quality management, Inventories, Regulations,
14 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water services, National government, Sanitary engi-
neering, Law enforcement, Surveys, Variations, Model
State Information System, 'Drinking water, Data man-
agement.
PB-258 864/8 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Modal State Information System for the Sat*
Drinking Water Program. Feasibility Study for De-
velopment and Implementation of a Modal State
Information System for EPA's Safe Drinking
Watar Program. Final rept.
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, Va.
15 Jun 76,127p* EPA/570/9-76/002-5
Contract EPA-68-01-1968
Also available in set of 5 reports as PB-258 859-SET,
PCS26.00/MF$11.00.(PC A07/MF A01)
The report presents the findings of a feasibility study
for development and Implementation of a model state
information system for EPA's Sate Drinking Water Pro-
gram. The conceptual basis for this Information system
Is described in Program Evaluation Requirements,
Concepts and Plans Tor the EPA Safe Drinking Water
Program, Office of Water Supply, EPA, October 1975.
Ana the general design of a customized Model State
Information System Is contained in four volumes sup-
plied to EPA concurrently with this report.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Informa-
tion systems, States(Unlted States), Feasibility, Water
quality management, Requirements, Project planning,
Objectives, Evaluation, Output, Technical assistance,
Computer systems hardware, Operating costs, Instal-
lation, Scheduling, Cost estimates, Input output rou-
tines, Telecommunication, Data links, 'Model State In-
formation System, 'Drinking water.
PB-258 868/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Dlv.
Evaluation of Monitoring Systems for Power Plant
and Sulfur Recovery Plant Emissions. Final rept.
Jun 74-Jun 75,
Beckman Instruments, Inc., Anaheim, Calif. Advanced
Technology Operations.
Malbone W. Greene, Robert L Chapman, Samuel C.
Creason, R. Neal Harvey, and Glen A. Heyman. Jun
78,202p FR-2678-102, EPA/600/2-76/171
Contract EPA-68-02-1743
(PCA10/MFA01)
This project was conducted to evaluate a number of
commercially available extractive-type sampling and
monitoring systems for monitoring sulfur dioxide and
hydrogen sulflde source emissions. Evaluation testing
was performed at a Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plant and
at a Claus Sulfur Recovery Plant to obtain representa-
tive ranges of stack gas temperature, water and panic-
ulate loading, and corroslveness. Tests of calibration
error, relative accuracy, two- and twenty-four-hour
zero and calibration drifts, response time, and oper-
ational period were performed in accordance with pub-
lished EPA guidelines. The detailed field test results,
the complete Work Plan, sampling Interface drawings,
the results of evaluations of Compliance Test Methods
6 and 11, miscellaneous observations and results, and
a discussion of the calculation and reporting Instruc-
tions of the EPA guidelines are given In the appendi-
ces. A detailed description of the systems evaluated,
summaries of the field test results, and relevant com-
ments concerning the results are given In the body of
the report. Because the sites chosen for evaluation
testing provided wide ranges of sample temperature,
solids and water loading, and S02 concentration, the
results are considered to be relevant to most stack-
gas monitoring problems.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Hydrogen sul-
flde, 'Gas analysis, Industrial wastes, Industrial plants,
Chemical plants, Particles, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Field tests, Error analysis, Sites,
Concentratlon(Composition), Cost estimates, Electro-
chemistry, Fossil fuels, Sampling, Electric power
plant*, 'Air pollution detection. EPA method 6. EPA
method 11, Claus unit.
PB-2M 874/7 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Mechanism and Kinetics of the Formation of NOx
and Other Combustion Pollutants. Phaae I. Un-
modified Combuatlon. Final rept. Apr 73-Feb 74,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
V. S. Engleman, and W. Bartok. Aug. 76,310p
GRU.20JAM.76, EPA/600/7-76/009a
Contract EPA-68-02-0224
See also report on Phase 2 dated Aug 76, PB-258
875.(PCA14/MFA01)
The report gives Phase I results of an Investigation of
the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of NOx
and other combustion pollutants. It gives results of ex-
perimental investigations of unmodified combustion
and supporting theoretical calculations. The combus-
tion of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and pro-
pane with air in a let-stirred combustor (JSC) was stud-
ied to facilitate the assessment of coupled combus-
tion/pollutant formation. The JSC tests also extended
the range and accuracy of data taken in previous stud-
ies. Experiments also included a flow reactor capable
of accepting multiple burner types and operating with
selected wall temperature. Premixed flat and focused
flames, as well as laminar and turbulent diffusion
flames, were studied in the flow reactor using methane
and propane fuels. The tests Included heat-loss and
adlabatic conditions and a limited number of wall heat
addition cases. Stirred reactor calculations, supporting
the experimental program, indicated the need for more
detailed kinetics in hydrocarbon/air combustion before
NOx formation can be predicted. Similarly, plug flow
calculations indicated strong coupling between com-
bustion reactions, specie diffusion, and NOx formation
in the flame zone. Further kinetic data on reactions be-
tween hydrocarbon fragments and nitrogenous spe-
cies is required to properly assess the Importance of
those interactions in NOx formation.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air
pollution, 'Combustion products, Burners, Numerical
analysis, Furnaces, Chemical reactions, Tables(Data),
Carbon monoxide, Methane, Propane, Mathematical
models, Combustors, Flames, 'Chemical reaction
mechanisms, Air fuel ratio, Longwell Weiss reactor.
PB-258 87S/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Mechanism and Kinetics of the Formation of NOx
and Other Combustion Pollutants. Phase II. Modi-
fled Combuatlon. Final rept. Feb 74-Dec 75.
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
V. S. Engleman, V. J. Siminski, and W. Bartok. Aug 76,
175p GRU.3DJAM.76, EPA/600/7-76/009b
Contract EPA-68-02-0224
See also report on Phase 1 dated Aug 76, PB-258 874.
(PCA08/MFA01)
The report gives Phase II results of a combined experi-
mental/theoretical study to define the mechanisms
and kinetics of the formation of NOx and other com-
bustion pollutants. Two experimental devices were
used in Phase II. A special flat-flame burner with a con-
trofled-temperature post-flame zone was used to In-
vestigate combustion modification techniques used to
control NOx emissions: staged combustion, water ad-
dition, exhaust gas reclrculatlon, and degree of air pre-
heat. Augmenting the Phase I (unmodified) combus-
tion testing, a novel flow reaclor-the adlabatic stirred
combustor (ASC)-was built for use In Phase II. The
ASC had two distinct zones: a stirred reactor zone, fol-
lowed by a plug flow zone. Each zone Incorporated
special provisions to eliminate heat loss from the com-
bustion process. This new device allowed kinetic stud-
ies unhindered by mixing or heat transfer limitations.
ASC teat results were compared with detailed kinetics
calculations using a prescreened set of reactions from
an evaluation of all possible unl- and bi-molecular re-
actions for species of Importance to methane/air com-
bustion. In contrast to previous comparisons, good
matches were obtained for the methane/air system
over the entire stotcMometry range. The comparisons
showed strong Interaction between hydro-carbon spe-
cies and molecular nitrogen near stotchlometric and
fuel-rich conditions.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air
pollution, 'Combustion, Revisions, Combustors,
Burner*, Numerical analysis, Furnace*, Chemical re-
action*, TafleslData), Heat transfer, Methane, Pro-
pane, Mathematical models, Combustor*, 'Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Air fuel ratio.
PB-258 904/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Influence of Aerodynamic Phenomena on Pollut-
ant Formation In Combustion (Phase I. Gaseous
Fuel*). Final rept. Apr 75-May 76,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
Conn.
L. J. Spadaccini, F. K. Owen, and C. T. Bowman. Sep
76,153pEPA/600/2-76/247a
Contract EPA-68-02-1873
See also PB-245 344. (PC A08/MF A01)
The report gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion of the effects of the interaction between fluid dy-
namics and chemistry on pollutant formation and de-
struction in a natural-gas-fired, turbulent diffusion
flame burner. The investigation determined the effects
of inlet air swirl, combustor pressure, and air/fuel ve-
locity ratio on the time-mean and fluctuating flow field,
using probing and optical techniques. Changes In flow
field structure were correlated with changes in pollut-
ant emissions from the furnace. The investigation also
showed that varying these parameters produces major
changes in the time-mean flow field within the burner
which significantly influence pollutant formation. It was
also discovered that there are substantial large-scale
contributions to the total rms turbulent velocity field.
These large scale fluctuations result in significant de-
partures from Gaussian turbulence and Isotropy In the
initial mixing regions of the burner and have pro-
nounced effects on mixing, chemical reaction, and pol-
lutant formation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Furnaces, 'Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Chemical reac-
tions, Natural gas, Gas sampling, Gas flow, Laboratory
equipment, Nitrogen oxlde(NO), Air fuel ratio.
PB-258 917/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Effectiveness of Surface Mine Sedimentation
Pond*,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md,
D. Vir Kathuria, Michael A. Nawrocki, and Burton C.
Becker. Aug 76,109p EPA/600/2-76/117
Contract EPA-68-03-213S
(PCA06/MFA01)
An In-field evaluation of the effectiveness of sediment
ponds in reducing suspended solids in the runoff from
surface mining activities was performed. Nine selected
sedimentation ponds in the three eastern coal-mining
States of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky
were sampled under two different operating condf-
tlons-a baseline and a rainfall event. Their theoretical
and actual efficiency of removal of suspended solid*
were computed and compared. In general, poor con-
struction and inadequate maintenance of these pond*
were found to be the major problem areas. The ponds
had generally higher removal efficiencies during the
baseline sampling period and much lower efficiencies
during the storm event. The theoretically predicted effi-
ciency of the ponds was essentially the same as the
actual efficiency under baseline conditions. During the
rainfall event, there was generally little or no correla-
tion between the theoretical and actual efficiencies.
The predicted efficiencies were found to be much
higher than the actual efficiencies during the rainfall
event In most cases.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Surface mining, 'Water pol-
lution control, *Lagoon*(Pond8), Government policies,
Sediments, Surface water runoff, Sediment*, Sus-
pended sediments. Performance evaluation, Govern-
ment policies, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania.
PB-258 »1»-T PC A08/MF A01
Investigation of the Environmental Pollution and
Damage by Urban Traffic - Noise and Exhauet
QSM* (Untereuchung der Umwertbel*e*Ugung
und UmwelUchaedlgung durch den 8tra**enver-
kehr In Stadtgebleten - Uerm und Abgase),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Service* Section.
Guenther Frletzsche. Oct 74,156p EPA-TR-75-102A
Trans, of an unidentified German mono.(PC A08/MF
A01)
The European Economic Community 'Office of Traffic'
in Brussels commissioned the Department of Traffic of
the Federal Republic In Bonn and the VDI In Duessel-
December 1983 15
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dorf to carry out an investigation of municipal noise
pollution. The partial study on cost estimates for modi-
fying vehicles to reduce noise was carried out in 1971.
This publication represents a detailed version of the
study.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
"Traffic surveys, *Air pollution, Municipalities, West
Germany, Streets, Vehicles, Revisions, Cost esti-
mates, Legislation, Statistical data, Automobiles, Clas-
sifications, Motor trucks, Buses(Vehicles), Motorcy-
cles, Tires, Exhaust systems, Criteria, Motor noise,
Level(Quantity), Translations, Damage.
PB-258920-T PCA02/MFA01
The Carcinogenic Properties of OH Shale Prod-
ucts and the Possibilities of Prophylaxis of
Cancer,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
G. 0. Loogna. 1972,16p EPA-TR-76-54
Trans, of mono. Kantserogennye Svoistva Slantsepro-
duktov i Vozmozhnosti Profilaktiki Raka, Tallirt, 1972
p105-113.(PCA02/MFA01)
A systematic study of the carcinogenic properties of
products of thermal processing and incomplete com-
bustion of Estonian (kukersit) oil shales was made at
the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine.
Moreover, work has been done in this field at the Tar-
tusk State University and at certain other scientific in-
stitutions of the Soviet Union. A project was initiated to
obtain more complete and detailed data on the car-
cinogenic properties of the basic primary oil shale
products, commercial products, and shale soot. A con-
siderable amount of material was accumulated for the
elapsed period and was published in various publica-
tions. A short survey of these studies is presented in
the report.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Carcinogens, Toxicology. Pro-
phylaxis, Pathology, USSR, Translations, Malignant
neoplasms, Air pollution, Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Reviews, Physiological effects, 'Cancer,
Environmental health, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-258 821-T PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Baals for Maximum Permissible
Concentrations of Certain Shale Phenols In the
Water of Reservoirs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. V. Veldre. 1872,15p EPA-TR-76-57
Trans, of mono. Eksperimentalnoe Obosnovanie Pre-
delno Dopustimykh Kontsentratsli Nekqtorykh Slant-
sevykh Fenolov v vode Vodoemov, Tallin, 1972 p84-
93.(PCA02/MFA01)
The report discusses the maximum concentrations of
phenols that should be allowed in oil shale processing
waters. It reviews medical studies on these phenols
which led to these concentration standards.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Toxicology, 'Water pollution,
Reviews, Standards, Maximum permissible exposure,
Oil shale, Translations, USSR, Cresols, Oil shale proc-
essing.
PB-258 922-T PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Effects of Gaseous Metabolic Products on
Rate CTokalcheakoe Delstvle Qazoobraznyfch Pro-
duktov Zhlznedeyatelnostf Organtema),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
T. S. Kolosova, L. A. Tiunov, V. V. Kustov, L. V.
Ivanova, and G. A. Vasilev. 1971,14p EPA-TR-76-329
Trans, of Problemy Kosmicheskoi Biologii (USSR) n16
p182-1901971.(PCA02/MFA01)
At the present time, more than 400 chemical sub-
stances in the composition of so-called 'metabolic
emissions' have been identified and in a number of
cases qualitatively defined; 149 compounds were de-
tected in emissions from the oral cavity, 271 enter the
atmosphere from skin impurities, 183 substances are
given off from urine and 196 from the feces. To artifi-
cially create such a complex of chemical substances
for studying its toxicity for different time periods on the
organism presents great difficulties. Therefore, the au-
thors considered it more expedient to conduct a study
of the peculiarities of the toxic effect of metabolic
products under the conditions of an experiment where
the entire complex of these substances would be gen-
erated Into the atmosphere of a chamber by the test
animals themselves. The results of these experiments
are reported.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Gases, Toxicology, Metabolism,
Chemical compounds, Rats, Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, Translations, USSR, 'Metabolites.
PB-258 923-T PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Vanadium on the Phagocyte Activity
of Leucocytes of the Guinea Pig (Ullyanle Vana-
diva na Fagotsltarnuyu Aktlvnost Lelkotsltov
Morsklkh Svlnok),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
T. Kh. Kulieva. 1971, 7p EPA-TR-76-340
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Ashkha-
bad. Izvestiya. Senya Biologicheskikh Nauk, n3 p70-71
1971.(PCA02/MFA01)
Following daily (for 10-15 days) oral doses of aque-
ous solutions of sodium metavanadate to guinea pigs,
the following were noted: a daily dose of 3.2 micro-
gram/kg increases the phagocytic activity of leuco-
cytes (P < 0.02); a dosage of 128 microgram/kg pro-
duces no statistically reliable effect (P < 0.5); a dose
of 5.12 mg/kg suppresses the strength of phagocyto-
sis (P < 0.001).
Keywords: 'Vanadium, 'Phagocytes, 'Leukocytes,
Trace elements, Metals, Dosage, Pollution, Immunol-
ogy, Translations, USSR, 'Toxicology, Environmental
health.
PB-258 924-T PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Long-Term Administration of Vana-
dyl Sulfate on the Level of Certain Trace Ele-
ments In the Blood and Urine of Rabbits,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. M. Kopylova. 1971, 7p EPA-TR-76-338
Trans, of mono. Vlfyanie Dlitelnogo Vedentya Vanadll-
Sulfata na Uroven Mekotorykh Mlkroelementov v Krovl
i Moche Krolikov, Voronezh, 1971 p62-65.(PC A02/MF
A01)
Investigations were made of 15 healthy rabbits with
the goal of studying the effect of vanadyl sulfate on the
quantitative content of certain trace elements in the
blood and urine of animals and of eliminating It from
the organism. Vanadyl sulfate was administered sub-
cutaneously to the animals over the course of the day
for two months in a dose of 1 mg/kg weight. Results
indicated that the administration of vanadyl sulfate to
animals leads to restructuring the metabolism of a
number of trace elements. The shifts were noted In the
change of trace elements similar to vanadium in their
biological role. The level of nickel and manganese In
the blood increased, and the amount of copper, silver,
and lead decreased. The change In the content of
trace elements occurs by means of their redistribution
within the organism, since the elimination of metals
from the organism was not detected.
Keywords: 'Vanadium inorganic compounds, 'Trace
elements, Biochemistry, Blood, Urine, Metals, Metabo-
lism, Rabbits, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Dosage, Dose rate, Translations, USSR, Vanadium/
dioxo-trisulfato-di.
PB-258 951/3 PC A14/MF A01
National Study of Hospital Admitted Pesticide Poi-
sonings,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Human Effects Monitoring Branch.
Jack Griffith, Hale Vandermer, Jerome Blondell, and
EWon P. Savage. Apr 76,318p' EPA/540/9-76/017
(PCA14/MFA01)
The purposes of the study were: to use hospital patient
records to develop accurate and reliable data on the
magnitude and character of hospital-admitted poison-
ing cases, and to develop for the first time nationwide
incidence rates for hospitalized acute pesticide poi-
soning cases among those persons admitted to gener-
al-care hospitals. The study design omitted victims of
undiagnosed pesticide poisoning, emergency-room
patients who are not assigned a hospital bed, and pa-
tients treated by physicians outside the hospital envi-
ronment. Acute poisonings by pesticides are a continu-
ing problem In the United States. All pesticides are
considered toxic and can cause Illness or even death
when misused. The toxicity of a pesticide, route of ex-
posure, or formulation, as well as the age, sex, race,
and physical and/or mental health status of the user
may play an Important role in resulting morbidity or
mortality.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Toxicity, Pa-
tients, Hospitalizing, Tables(Data), Reviews, Method-
ology, United States, Health status, Toxicology. Medi-
cal records, Exposure, Therapy, Age, Sex, Job analy-
sis, Geography, Sampling, Appendices, Race.
PB-259 06S-T PC A02/MF A01
Study of Phytotoxlclty of Some Components of
Industrial Air Pollution (Vevtchenla Phltotoxlch-
noaty Oelakeh Komponentlw Promislovoho Za-
brudnenla Povltrla),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Dobrovolski, and E. A. Striche. 1970,14p EPA-TR-
76-356
Trans, of Ukrayinskyi Botanichnyi Zhumal (USSR) v27
nS p640-644 1970.(PC A02/MF A01)
By the method of blotest (germination of radish seeds
and initial growth of organs of Its seedlings) phytotoxi-
city was studied of hydrogen sulphide and sulphurous
gas-rather distributed Industrial pollutants of the air.
The negative effect Is established of these gases on
germination of seeds, growth and development of
seedling organs, activity of catalase and other func-
tions. Hydrogen sulphide has a larger phytotoxiclty.
The previous treatment of seeds by solutions of man-
ganese Increases noticeably resistance of plants
against Industrial gases.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen sulflde, 'Hazardous materials,
•Toxicity, 'Sulfur, 'Plant pathology, Germination, Plant
physiology, Air pollution, USSR, Translations, Gases,
Industries, Metal industry, Plants(Botany), Experimen-
tal data, Tables(Data), Maganese, Gases, 'Phytotox-
Ins, 'Air pollution effects(Planta), Toxic hazards.
PB-259 086-T PC A02/MF A01
Methodology for Studying the Molecular Struc-
ture of Coals and Humlc Aclda (Metodlka laaledo-
vanlya Molekulysrnogo Stroenlya Ugtol I Oumlno-
vykh Klslot),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
D. T. Zabramnyl, S. Nasrttdlnov, and 0.1.
Pobedonostseva. 1972,5p EPA-TR-76-300
Trans, of Uzbekskli Khimlcheskil Zhumal (USSR) v16
n3 D65-661972.(PC A02/MF A01)
The molecular structure of coals and humtc adds Is
studied by destroying the individual links in the mole-
cules, avoiding their decomposition and taking the
characteristics of the products Into consideration. The
process Is carried out In steps, or by gradually increas-
ing the rigidity of the conditions, by a combination of
reducing and oxidizing methods. Reduction destruc-
tion of coals and humlc adds can be accomplished by
hydrogenatlon at various temperatures using a known
procedure. Yield, structural-group composition, and
the characteristics of the hydrogenators (including in-
soluble residues and gaseous products) In combina-
tion with the chemical characteristics of the original
substance, provide the means for arriving at the heter-
ocycles, the condensed aromatic and naphthein rings
In the link. A tentative model of their structure can be
constructed on the basis of the results obtained.
Keywords: 'Molecular structure, 'Coals, 'Humlc
acids, Chemical analysis, USSR, Translations.
PB-259 068-T PC A02/MF A01
Photometric Determination of Thorium In the Sell
(Fotometrlcheakoe Opredelenle Tortya v PocftveX
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
B. I. Zhukov. 1971. 8p EPA-TR-76-72
Trans, of Pochvovedenle (USSR) n2 156-158 Feb
71.(PCA02/MFA01)
A method Is described for the photometric determina-
tion of thorium In soils. This involves decomposition of
the sample by sintering with sodium peroxide, and pre-
cipitation on calcium oxalste. Sensitivity of the pro-
posed method Is 0.04 microg/ml. This permits determi-
nation of down to 1 x 10 to the -6th power gram of thor-
ium per gram of soil. The analysis Is performed without
platinum vessels or hydrofluoric add.
16 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keyword*: 'Thorium, 'Soil analysis. Oxalic acid, Sepa-
ration, Photometry, Translations, USSR.
PB-269 009-T PC A02/MF A01
Price U«t for Installation of Equipment No. 15.
Equipment for Scrubbing Oases,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. I.Ostrovskll, andA. I. Peznikov. 1971,16pEPA-TR-
76-309
Trans, of mono. Tsennik na Montazh Oborudovamya,
No. 15, Oborudovanie dlya Ochistki Qazov, Moscow,
1971p1-17.(PCA02/MFA01)
The price list for installation o< equipment for scrubbing
gases was worked out by the Institute for Gas Scrub-
bing of Ministry of the Petrochemical industry USSR
and the Ail-Union State Special Office lor Starting, Ad-
justment, Planning, and Design Work in the Cement In-
dustry of the Ministry for Construction Materials USSR
under the supervision of the Scientific Research Insti-
tute for the Economics of Construction of the Gosstroy
USSR and was examined by the Division of Budgetary
Norms and Price Structure In the organization of the
Gosstroy USSR.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, •Scrub-
bers, USSR, Hue gases, Electrostatic precipitators.
Prices, Translations, Chemical industry, Petrochemical
Industry.
PB-2M 070-T PC A02/MF A01
Some Data on the Composition ot Neutral Oxygen
Compounds of Estonian Shale Resins Which Boll
Under 200C (Nekotore Dannye o Sostave Nettral-
rrykh Ktotorodykh Soedlnenfl Estonakot Stentse-
vol Smoly, Klpyeshchlkh do 200C),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Abbe Kasberg. 1972, Sp EPA-TR-76-74
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Estonskol SSR, Tallinn.
Geotogrya InstHut, v21 n2 p123 1972.(PC A02/MF
A01)
Neutral oxygen compounds (NOC) are the largest and
most typical group of compounds of Estonian shale
resin, but In view of their complex composition and
lack of reliable methods of analysis very little is yet
known about them. The author has characteristics of
NOC which boll under 300C. Below we give some data
on the Individual composition of NOC which boll under
200C. This group of NOC Is also present in the raw ma-
terial used Tn the production of synthetic detergents,
which necessitate* additional methods and equipment
In the technological system. In connection with this,
study of the composition of NOC of this fraction of
resin I* of interest from the point of view ot both Im-
proving the quality of synthetic detergent* and reveal-
Ing the composition of these NOC as a new specific
raw material for the chemical Industry.
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Shale*, 'Chemical composition,
Separation, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Bowng, Chemical industry, Detergents, Hydrocarbons,
Translations, USSR.
Pt>2M 071-T PC A02/MF A01
Studtoe on Measurement of PCB In Exhaust Oaee*
(Hetgaauohu no PCB no Sokutel nl TsuHs),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Translation Service* Section.
Z. Kawase. M. Aral, and V. Yoshida. 1973,7p EPA-TR-
79-644
Trans, of TaHd Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v8 n3 p590 Oct
73.(PCA02/MFA01)
Potychtorlnated btphenyts (PCB) In the combustion gas
of domestic refuse were measured at two Incinerators.
First, the measurement method was devised by exami-
nation ot absorbent and capturing rates. The test*
using several organic solvent* showed that 10% glyc-
erine solution yielded the best result For a capturing
device, between a flask and an absorption |ar, a tube
pecked wtth glass wool was Installed. The capturing
rate of the tube was 63%, and together with the ab-
sorption jar, the total capturing rate was 90%, and In
eome cases 97.9%. This method was then applied to
the combustion gas of Incinerators. The PCB content
In the gas was small, with the maximum measurement
Of 0,30 rntorogranVN cu m, which was captured m the
lube; there was no trace In the absorbent.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, Air pollution,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Incinerators,
Absorbents, 'Biphenyl/chloro, 'Air pollution detection,
'Pol/chlorinated biphenyls, Japan, translations.
PB-259 072-T PC A02/MF A01
Change In the DNA Content of the Nuclei of
Tumor Cells In the Process of 'Progression' of the
Induced Hepatoma (Izmenenle Soderzhanlya DNK
v Yadrakh Opukholevykh Kletok v Protease
'Progress!!' Indutslrovannol Hepatomy),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
K. M. Pozharisskii, V. N. Shalumovich, and Ya. D.
Shaposhnikov. 1973,16p EPA-TR-76-31
Trans, of Voprosy Onkologii (USSR) vl9 n3 p73-80
1973.(PCA02/MFA01)
Biochemical and cytophotometric investigations have
shown that the DNA content of tumors increased in
comparison with the homologic normal tissues and
that authors who have conducted investigations using
cytophotometric methods have detected a direct cor-
relation between the amount of DNA in the nuclei of
tumor cells and the degree of the differentiation. Thus,
with the increase in the duration of effect of a blasto-
mogenic agent on animals, the relative amount of poly-
plod cells Increases in the liver. At the same time, It
was established that the DNA content of hepatic cells
increases in the process of carcinogenesis In this
organ. The indicated studies were devoted to an inves-
tigation of the DNA content in the nuclei of tumor cells
or cells in the stage of malignizatlon, and, therefore,
the final stage of the investigation was the formed
tumor.
Keywords: 'Neoplasms, 'Deoxyrlbonucleic acids,
•Cytochemistry, Cells(Blology), Biochemistry, Nucleic
acids, Liver, USSR, Translations, Carcinogenesis.
PB-2S9 073-T PC A02/MF A01
Emission Inventory of Environmental Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. H. J. Wachters. 1974, 23p EPA-TR-76-400
Trans, of T.N.O.-Nieuws (Netherlands) mo 197S.(PC
A02/MFA01)
In 1974 a beginning was made in the Netherlands with
an inventory ot emissions ot air and water pollutants
and hard-to-process waste products. A description Is
given of the method of carrying out this Inventory, fol-
lowed by a very brief discussion of the use made of the
data obtained.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Netherlands, Translations, Inven-
tories, Waste water, Industrial wastes, Agricultural
wastes, Garbage, Refuse, Exhaust emissions, Com-
bustion products, Livestock, Data acquisition, Policies.
P8-2M 075-T PC A06/MF A01
Annual Report, 1973, Institute for Waste Removal
(8VA), The Netherlands.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
1974.98pEPA-TR-76-434
Trans, ot unidentified Dutch language mono., Amers-
foort, 1974p1-80.(PCA05/MFA01)
Thi* report summarizes the Institute'* research on
solid waste removal methods and means of pollution
control.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
Purification, Residential buildings. Fly ash, Urban
area*, Industries, Ground water, Agriculture, Construc-
tion, Translations, Netherlands.
PB-2M 0*0/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
Ohio.
Elimination of Water Pollution by Recycling
Cement Plant KHn Dust Final rept.,
Portland Cement Association, Skokie, III.
N, fV Greening, F. M. Miller, C. H. Wei»». and H.
Nagao. Jul 7e769p EPA/800/2-76/194
Grant EPA-S402196
(PCA04/MFA01)
Excessive amount* of alkalies can have deleterious ef-
fect* upon the process of cement manufacture and the
product. Normally much of the alkali present in cement
raw materials is volatilized in the cement kiln and con-
denses on the particles of kiln dust which are carried
out of the kiln by the combustion gases. Air pollution
control devices, such as electrostatic precipitators and
fabric filters, collect this dust. If it is subsequently re-
turned to the kiln, an equilibrium circulating load of
alkali is established. When this load is too high, serious
kiln 'ring' formation can occur, which often leads to
problems with operational continuity, as the alkalies al-
ternately vaporize and condense. It is often necessary
to discard at least a portion of the kiln dust. This dis-
posal also represents poor land use, and can create a
water pollution problem because of teachable alkali
salts, this study reports on the determination of the
feasibility of separation of cement plant kiln dust, into
fractions which are alkali-rich and alkali-poor, by fluid-
ized bed and flame-spray methods. The parameters
varied were: The feeding system and fluidizing ar-
rangement, the portion of the system designed for
alkali entrapment, the dust collection mechanism, the
temperature of the flame and collection system, and
the collecting medium itself.
Keywords: 'Portland cements, 'Alkalies, 'Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Dust collection, Solid
waste disposal, Flue dust, Dust control, Flame spray-
ing, Alkali metal compounds, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Vaporization, Fines, Fluidized bed processing,
Sulfates, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Cement industry.
PB-259 085/9 PC A99/MF A01
Noble Oases,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Richard E. Stanley, and A. Alan Moghissi. Sep 73,
699p EPA/600/9-76/026
Library of Congress catalog card no. 75-27055.(PC
A99/MFA01)
The Noble Gases symposium, on which this report Is
based, provided comprehensive coverage of the noble
gases. The coverage included, but was not limited to,
the properties, biokinetics, bioeffects, production and
release to the environment, detection techniques,
standards, and applications. The report contains 70
papers presented by scientists in 9 countries including
the United States. Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, the
Federal Republic of Germany, India, Italy, the United
Soviet Socialist Republic, and France. It also contains
roundtable discussion on 'Noble Gases from Nuclear
Reactors: Containment vs. Environmental Release.'
The symposium was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, in
September of 1973.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Rare gases, 'Air pollution,
•Radiochemistry, Dosimeters, Argon isotopes. Kryp-
ton isotopes, Concentration(Composition), Atmos-
pheric composition, Nuclear fission, Xenon isotopes,
Trace elements, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Thermal diffusion, Radioactive contaminants, De-
tectors, Neon isotopes. Monitoring, Radioactive con-
taminants, Radioactive effluents, Toxteity, Utilization,
Public health, Biochemistry, Standards, Law enforce-
ments, Argon 37, Krypton 85, Argon 41, Air pollution
detection, Neon 21, Xenon 133.
PB-259 117/0 PC A07/MF A01
National Science Foundation. Washington, D.C. Re-
search Applied to National Needs.
Long-Path Monitoring of Atmospheric Carbon
Monoxide: 197S Regional Air Pollution Study, St
Louis, Mo. Interim technical rept.,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington. Lincoln Lab,
R. T. Ku, and E. D. Hlnkley. Apr 76, I43p NSF/RANN/
IT/GI-37603-1, NSF/RA-760254
Grants NSF-QI-37603, NSF-ENV73-07760-A01
See also PB-240 750. Sponsored in part by Environ-
metal Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Successful carbon monoxide monitoring over long
paths was performed during the 1 975 Regional Air Pol-
lution Study (RAPS) of theU.S. Environmental Protec-
.
tion Agency. Over 40 day* ot monitoring were carried
out at Regional Air Monitoring Station (RAMS) Sites
108 and 105. These data were analyzed with assigned
error bars, and are presented on 24-hour dally plot*.
Correlation* with meteorological data are continuing In
order to obtain relevant information for pollution mod-
eling. Some unexpected problems in calibration drift,
non-linearity and interference were encountered this
year, but they were successfully minimized in the field.
December 1963 17
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
As these problems were caused, in part, by use of
some of the first commercially-produced diode lasers,
they were expected to diminish as more satifactory
manufacturing techniques are developed.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Monitoring, Missouri,
Gas analysis, Spectroscopic analysis, Field tests, Lab-
oratory equipment, Mobile equipment, Calibrating, Op-
tical measuring instruments, "Air pollution detection,
Tunable lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Laser spectroscopy.
PB-259 124/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Spirit Lake, Dickinson County, Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,28p Working Paper-506
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Moines.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Spirit Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Dickinson County(lowa).
PB-259 132/9 PC A06/MF A01
A Nationwide Survey of Resource Recovery Ac-
tivities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Richard E. Hopper. Mar 75,90p EPA/530/SW-142
Errata sheet inserted.(PC A05/MF A01)
This is a compilation of State and local resource recov-
ery projects. The survey included a review of published
and unpublished literature, telephone and letter con-
tacts, and selected site visits by EPA contacts as-
signed to monitor the activity of individual States or
communities as indicated in the report. This report rep-
resents a summary of information acquired through
this monitoring activity as of January, 1975. The infor-
mation is presented as received and in many cases
has not been analyzed for accuracy or completeness.
In addition, some important resource recovery projects
may not be included due to a lack of information.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Collection, 'Urban planning, Separation, Reclama-
tion, Cost estimates, Refuse disposal, Storage, Glass,
Metals, Paper, Management planning, Personnel, Sur-
veys, 'Waste recycling centers, Sorting, Household
wastes. Glass recycling, Metal recycling, Paper recy-
cling.
PB-259 135/2 PC A02/MF A01
Color Removal from Kraft Pulping Effluent by
Um« Addition. Capsule Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Onto.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Apr 73,15p EPA/625/2-73/002
(PCA02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
A full scale process for lime dacotorization of kraft
pulping total mill effluent was operated. Slaked lime
addition was followed by primary sedimentation for re-
moval of mixed fibrous and lime decotorization
sludges. The clarified effluent subsequently underwent
biochemical stabilization in a quiescent storage basin.
A pilot-scale study of recarbonation for enhanced lime
separation and more rapid effluent neutralization prior
to biochemical stabilization was also evaluated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control. 'Surfate pulping,
'Colors, Removal, Calcium oxides, Purification, Deco-
loring, Pilot plants, Carbonatton, Separation, Clarifica-
tion, Wood pulp, Color separation. Industrial wastes,
Sedimentation, Sludge, Neutralization, Stabilization,
•Paper industry, 'Industrial watte treatment
PB-259 136/0 PC A02/MF A01
Recycling Zinc In Viscose Rayon Plants by Two
Stag* Precipitation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
1972,13p EPA/625/2-73/001 a
(PCA02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
In an EPA demonstration grant, a process for precipi-
tating a dense sludge of high zinc assay was proven.
The zinc in the sludge was recovered and recycled to
the rayon manufacturing plant. This recycling of zinc
was shown to have no ill effects on rayon yarn. This
process greatly enhances the economics of removing
this source of zinc pollution, allowing neutralization of
the acid stream and recovery of the zinc ol a good
profit for industrial yarns and at a moderate cost for
textile yarns.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Zinc, 'Textile
processes, Materials recovery.
Precipitation(Chemistry), Rayon, Industrial wastes,
Cost estimates, Circulation.
PB-259 137/8 PC A05/MF A01
SolM Waste Management: Available Information
Materials.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Nov75,83pEPA-SW-58.25
See also report dated Apr 73, PB-256 499.(PC A05/
MFA01)
The importance of collecting and making available the
information pertaining to solid-waste-related research,
demonstration projects, and other activities was em-
phasized by the specific authorization contained in
Section 204(b) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, Public
Law 69-272. The present booklet lists publications and
other available educational materials that have been
collected or published by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency in response to this directive.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Bibliographies,
Management planning, Collection, Chemical analysis,
Sanitary landfills, Composition(Property), Economic
analysis, Reclamation, Materials recovery, Hazardous
materials, Citizen participation, Sanitary landfills, Incin-
erators, Refuse disposal, Refuse derived fuels.
PB-259 138/6 PC A02/MF A01
Recycled Materials Markets: February 1975. A
Summary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Stephen A. Lingle. Apr 75,12p EPA/530/SW-149
See also PB-256 460 (PC A02/MF A01)
This paper provides a brief review of the market
demand for materials recovered from municipal solid
waste. More comprehensive discussions may be
found in various EPA publications including both the
First and Second Reports to Congress on Resource
Recovery and Source Reduction. This paper briefly re-
views market conditions during the 1973-1974 period
and describes factors underlying longer term trends in
recycled materials markets.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
•Marketing, Municipalities, Economic surveys, Eco-
nomic factors, Trends, Metal scrap, Paper, Prices,
Demand(Economics), Periodic variations, 'Waste re-
cycling.
PB-259 139/4 PC A03/MF A01
Reeourc* Recovery Plant Implementation: Guide
for Municipal Officials, Interim Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Alan Shilepsky. Oct 75,42p EPA/530/SW-152
See also PB-256 461 .(PC A03/MF A01)
Resource recovery, namely the recapture and reutlli-
zatJon of material and energy products from municipal
solid wastes, can be accomplished in two ways. Re-
covered resources can be segregated at the source
(e.g. the home) and separately collected, or they can
be separated out of the waste stream by means of
high-technology mechanical processing systems. The
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs recom-
mends both these approaches, but this report con-
cerns itself only with the latter.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
Urban planning, Guidelines, Facilities, Technology,
Methodology, Sequencing, Organizations, Research,
Objectives, Management planning, Decision making,
Financing, Procurement, Consultants, Contract man-
agement, Waste processing, Resource recovery
plants.
PB-259 140/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation: Quldes
for Municipal Officials, Procurement,
Mitre Corp., Bedford, Mass.
Alan Shilepsky. 1976, 73p EPA/SW-157.5
Contract EPA-68-01 -2647
See also PB-256 460.(PC A04/MF A01)
The purpose of this guide is to provide assistance to
state and local government officials in the procure-
ment of resource recovery systems and services. It is
important to note at the outset that each procurement
must be tailored to fit the particular application and
needs of the local sponsor, within legal and equitable
bounds. It is recognized that every state and local gov-
ernment must operate with unique traditional and legal
procurement procedures and, for this reason, the infor-
mation in this guide is advisory. Each government must
design its own best procurement approach. Primary
emphasis in this guide is on defining and explaining a
competitive negotiation approach to procurement.
This approach offers flexibility and is appropriately
used to procure not only equipment and facilities, but
also a 'system designer', whether a consulting engi-
neer or a design and construct contractor. Two topics
are treated in some detail: (a) managing the procure-
ment process, i.e., procedures for soliciting and evalu-
ating proposals; and (b) preparing the Request for Pro-
posals (RFP).
Keywords: 'State government, 'Local government,
'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Procure-
ment, 'Urban planning, Resources, Management plan-
ning, Methodology, Bids, Evaluation, Projects, Tech-
nology assessment, Contract management, Decision
making, Municipalities, Economic development.
PB-259 141/0 PC A04/MF A01
Resourci Recovery Plant Implementation: Quldes
for Municipal Officials, Markets,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Yvonne M. Garbe, and Steven J. Levy. 1976,54p
EPA/SW-157.3
See also PB-256 461.(PC A04/MF A01)
Several materials and a variety of different energy
products can potentially be recovered from municipal
solid waste and sold to produce revenue. The recover-
able forms of energy include solid, liquid, and gaseous
fuels as well as steam and electricity. The materials
that are considered to be the primary recovery candi-
dates are paper, ferrous metals, glass, and aluminum.
This report discusses the markets for these energy
and material products, focusing on those charactens-
tlcs that affect marketability. Discussed are descrip-
tions and locations of potential markets, the product
quality required by those markets, and approximate
market prices. The report then addresses marketing
techniques, including how to conduct a market re-
search and obtain a purchase agreement.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal.
'Marketing, Urban planning, Municipalities, Paper,
Iron, Glass, Aluminum, Fuels, Steam, Electric power
generation, Economic analysis, Refuse derived fuels.
PB-259 142/8 PC A04/MF A01
Resource Recovsry Plant Implementation: Guides
for Municipal Officials, Risks and Contracts,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Robert E. Randol. 1976,63p EPA/SW-157.7
See also PB-256 461 .(PC A04/MF A01)
This volume is Intended to aid states, municipalities,
and private industry In their efforts to achieve fair and
equitable agreements for the implementation of re-
source recovery systems. The contents include: Re-
18 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
source recovery risks and contracts; risks In resource
recovery; the effect of risks on contractual relation-
ships: some case study experience; resource recovery
risk allocations; and contracting for a resource recov-
ery system: Insights from three pioneering projects.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Urban planning, 'Management systems, 'Risk, Local
government, Guidelines, Municipalities, Technology,
Contract management, Project planning, Allocations,
Procurement, Financing, Case studies, Economic
Issues.
PB-259 143/6 PC A02/MF A01
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation. Guides
for Municipal Officials, Accounting Format,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
David B. Sussman. 1976.22p EPA/SW-1S7.6
See also P8-Z56 460.(PC A02/MF A01)
The economics of various types of resource recovery
systems are difficult to compare. System technologies
vary, capital and operating costs vary, revenues from
the recovered products vary, the recovered products
themselves vary, and the cost accounting methods
used to analyze system economics vary. This paper
proposed a method of reporting costs and revenues to
aid In comparing the costs of various resource recov-
ery systems. The proposed method Includes a stand-
ardized accounting format and a normalized account-
Ing format.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
Urban planning, Managementplanning, Cost effective-
ness, Systems engineering, Comparison, Methodolo-
gy, Capitalized costs, Operation costs, Economic anal-
ysis, Accounting, Waste processing plants.
PB-269 144/4 PC A06/MF A01
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation: QuWee
for Municipal Officials, Technologies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Bob Lowe, Bob Holloway, David Sussman, and
YvonneGarbe. 1976,86pEPA/SW-157.2
See also PB-256481.(PC AOS/MFA01)
The recent emergence of techniques for converting
mbted municipal waste Into marketable products has
given municipal and regional officials a variety of new
options for solving their solid waste management prob-
lems. Although these resource recovery systems
cannot be expected to operate at a profit, they are be-
coming increasingly competitive with the cost of sani-
tary landfilllng In many areas of the country. In addition,
although they will not allow a community to close down
Its landfill, the life of the landfill can be extended tre-
mendously by the weight and volume reductions
achieved. The purpose of this technology review is to
acquaint the reader with the available and emerging
technology options for processing of mixed municipal
waste for resource recovery.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
Technology, 'Urban planning, Management, Problem
solving, Sanitary landfills, Municipalities, Biodeteriora-
ton, Site surveys, Technology assessment, Process-
ing, Technology Innovation, Incinerators, Fuels,
'Waste processing. Alternatives, Refuse derived fuels,
Waste processing plants, Pyrolysls Incineration, Com-
posting.
PB-2M 160/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Silver Lake, Worth County, Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallia Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,33p Working Paper-SOS
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Oept of
Environmental Quality, Dee Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Dee Moines.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
etther point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Silver Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Worth County(lowa).
PB-259 161/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Wylle, York County, South Carolina; and
Qaston and Mecklenburg Counties, North Caroli-
na. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Jun 75,62p Working Paper-441
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard,
Columbia.(PC A04/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Wylie, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Carolina, North Carolina,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, York
County(South Carolina), Qaston County(North Caroli-
na), Mecklenburg CountyfNorth Carolina).
PB-259 162/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Secession, Abbeville and Anderaon Coun-
ties, South Carolina. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
May 76,44p Working Paper-439
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard,
Columbla.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Secession, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Abbeville CountyfSouth
Carolina), Anderson County(South Carolina).
PB-259 163/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake William C. Bowen, Spartanburg County,
South Carolina. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
May 76,36p Working Paper-429
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard,
Columbia.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limning nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Us tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake William C. Bowen,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Carolina,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Spartanburg
County(South Carolina).
PB-259 164/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Robinson, Chesterfield and Darlington
Counties, South Carolina. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Jun 75,46p Working Paper-437
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard,
Columbia.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Robinson, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Chesterfield County(South
Carolina), Darlington County(South Carolina).
PB-269 186/9 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Clear Lake, Cerro Qordo County, Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,25p Working Paper-497
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Moines.(PC A02/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clear Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Cerro Gordo County(lowa).
PB-259 166/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Viking Lake, Montgomery County, Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,33p Working Paper-507
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Molnes.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Viking Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Montgomery County(lowa).
PB-269 171/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lost Island Lake, Clay and Palo Alto Counties,
Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,26p Working Paper-499
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Molnes.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
December 1983 19
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lost Island Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Clay County(lowa), Palo Alto
County(lowa).
PB-259 172/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Prairie Ro*e Lake, Shelby County, Iowa. Final rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Aug 76,35p Working Paper-501
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Moines.(PC A03/MF A01)
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Prairie Rose Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Iowa, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Shelby County(lowa).
PB-259 177/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA Van Operational Manual,
Engelhard Minerals and Chemical Corp., Union, N.J.
Niels E. Scholer. Aug 76,64p EPA/600/9-76-020
Contract 68-02-1482
The manual generally describes the EPA Van, and dis-
cusses both its energy control system and Van oper-
ation. The manual Includes instructions for the Van's
transportation, setup, safety, troubleshooting, and
maintenance. The Van is a mobile research unit, de-
signed for testing in various parts of the United States.
Its unique energy supply system includes fuel cells, a
solar energy collector, a heat pump, and catalytic ap-
pliances. An energy control system optimizes the
energy consumed by the integrated system.
Keywords: 'Environmental engineering, Residential
buildings, Solar collectors, Fuel cells, Heat pumps, Air
conditioning, Hot water heating, Space heating, Mobile
equipment, Test equipment. Systems engineering,
Design, Environmental Protection Agency, Mobile re-
search units.
PB-269 211/1 PCA09/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Control of Waste and Water Pollution from Power
Plant Flue Qa* Cleaning System*: First Annual R
and D Report Annual rept. Jan-Dec 75,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
P. P. Leo, and I Rossoff. Oct 76,176p' ATR-76(7297-
01 )-2, EPA/600/7-76/018
Contract EPA-68-02-1010
(PCA09/MFA01)
The report summarizes and assesses the state of re-
search and development in the fields of non-regenera-
We flue gas cleaning (FGC) waste treatment, utiliza-
tion, and disposal, as well as water reuse technology,
for coal-fired utility power plants. Significant results
cover (1) chemical and physical characterization of
wastes from eastern and western U.S. plants using
Urne, limestone, or double-alkali scrubbing systems;
(2)chemical and physical properties and teaching char-
acteristics of treated and untreated wastes; (3) field
evaluations of treated and untreated waste disposal;
(4) disposal alternatives; (5) cost estimates for ponding
and for fixation disposal methods; (6) disposal stand-
ards; (7) gypsum production and marketing; (8) poten-
tial use of wastes in fertilizer production and portland
cement manufacture; (9) benefication studies; and
(10) total power plant water reuse.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Fossil-fuel power
plants, 'Waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, 'Water
pollution control, Flue gases, Scrubbers, Byproducts,
water reclamation, Industrial water, Limestone, Cal-
cium oxides, Ponds, Gypsum, Reviews, Reviewing,
'Coal fired power plants, Stationary sources. Waste
water reuse, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB-259 299/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Technical Manual for Analysis of Organic Materi-
als In Process Streams. Technical manual Jul 75-
Jan 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
P. W. Jones, A. P. Graffeo, R. Detrick, P. A. Clarka, and
R. J. Jakobsen. Mar 76,100p EPA/600/2-76/072
Contract EPA-68-02-1409
(PCA05/MFA01)
The manual presents a very simple, yet informative,
analytical strategy for the purpose of initial survey, to
ensure that important emission problems do not go un-
detected. It also presents a more complex and de-
tailed scheme for use on samples given high priority by
the initial survey analysis. The manual was developed
because of a major problem associated with the analy-
sis of potentially hazardous organic emissions: a very
large number of organic compounds may be present in
a given industrial sample. If exhaustive analytical
methods were applied to every emission source to be
assessed, costs would become completely unreason-
able, and much effort would be misdirected on sam-
ples of little concern. A comparison volume, con-
cerned with sampling of organic substances, is availa-
ble, and has been fully coordinated with the technical
manual to ensure compatibility.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Gas analysis, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Hazardous materials, Particles, Sampling, In-
dustrial wastes, Chromatography, Qualitative analysis,
Quantitative analyses, Flue gases, Fourier transforma-
tion, Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Materi-
als recovery, Extraction, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
Infrared spectroscopy, Cost estimates, 'Air pollution
detection, Procedures, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy.
PB-259 300/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Particle Emission Reactivity. Final task rept. Fob-
Jun 76,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
K. P. Ananth, J. B. Galeski, and F. I. Honea. Sep 76,
81p EPA/600/2-76/257
Contract EPA-68-02-1324
The report gives results of an extensive review and
analysis of the literature aimed at: studying historical
trends of paniculate, SOx, and NOx emissions and of
acid rain in the northeastern U.S.; studying size and
composition of particulates from power plants; and
analyzing interactions between partlculates and sulfur-
bearing gases from coal-fired power plants. Particulate
mass emissions from industrial and combustion
sources project a rising trend, nationwide, If no addi-
tional controls are assumed. (With application of best
controls, the trend projection is reversed.) SO2 emis-
sions have been increasing nationwide since 1960;
without additional controls and with a 5% industry
growth, this trend is expected to continue. (If new
source performance standards and state implementa-
tion plans become effective in 1978, SO2 emissions
are expected to decrease.) NOx mass emissions have
increased consistently since 1920; those for 1970
were more than 3 times those for 1920. The limited
data available for ambient NOx levels is further compli-
cated by inherent limitations of measurement tech-
niques used to obtain the data. Information on acid rain
In northeastern U.S. is extremely scarce. Available
data indicates that precipitation In this region has
become increasingly acidic over the years. A better as-
sessment of the trend can be made only when better
rainwater pH information becomes available.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Parti-
cles, 'Air pollution, Rainfall, Coal, Electric power
plants. Combustion products, Industrial wastes, pH,
Concentration(Compo8ltion), Particle sizes, Trace ele-
ments, Fly ash, Northeast Heglon(Unlted States).
PB-259 319-T PC A06/MF A01
Effluents Registry Manual, Part I. Instructions for
the Individual Recording of Effluents Into the
Open Air and Water. (6th revised edition) (Hand-
leiding Emiaslereglstratle, Deel I. Instructles voor
de Individual* Reglstratle van Lucht- en Waters-
mlssle (5e Herzlene ultgave)),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Ir. L. H. J. Wachters. 1976,171p EPA-TR-76-401
Trans, from Centraal Technisch Instituut Toegepast
Natuurwetenschappelilk Onderzoek. Verslag (Nether-
lands) p1-140 n.d.(PC A08/MF A01)
This document deals with the system of recording air
and water pollution effluents and was developed in
connection with the project "The Registry of Effluents
Leading to Air Pollution'. The system was developed In
close co-operation with the TNO, the Ministry of Public-
Health and Environmental Hygiene, the Ministry of
Public Works, and the Zuid-Holland provincial ministry
of Public Works. Use was made of a system developed
in Germany by TUV Rheinland e.V. for the state gov-
ernment of Rheinland-Westfalen as well as of recom-
mendations from many organizations In the Nether-
lands.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Data proc-
essing systems, Data recording, Forms(Paper), Facili-
ties, Equipment, Sources, Questionnaires, Computer
programming, Classifications, Materials, Flow, Meas-
urement, Purification, Water quality management,
Translations, Netherlands, Manuals, Air quality mainte-
nance.
PB-259 328/3 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Nitrogen and Irrigation Management to Reduce
Return-Flow Pollution In the Columbia Basin. Final
rept. May 71-Oct 74,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Agronomy
and Soils.
Brian L. McNeal, and Bobby L. Carlile. Sep 76,152p
EPA/600/2-76/158
Grant EPA-S-801187
(PCA08/MFA01)
Cooperative field studies have evaluated dissotved-N
levels and leaching, and corresponding crop yields, for
potato production practices in the Columbia Basin
area of Washington. High dlssoh/ed-N levels (with re-
sultant high potential for return-flow pollution) were
found throughout the growing season in well-managed
potato fields, with levels decreased by decreasing fer-
tilization rate, use of slow-release N fertilizers or nitrifi-
cation Inhibitors, or sprinkler application of N fertilizers.
Careful water management with solid-set sprinkler
proved capable of maintaining dlssolved-N within the
root zone of subsequent crops by season's end, even
on very sandy sites. Alternate-furrow irrigation proved
effective in 'trapping' banded fertilizer N within the
plant root zone on heavier-textured furrow-irrigated
soils.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Nitrogen, 'Water pollution.
•Columbia River Basin, Leaching, Inorganic nitrates,
Fertilizers, Effectiveness, Farm crops, Sprinkler irriga-
tion, Residues, Sampling, Plant tissues. Surface irriga-
tion, Water quality management, Field tests, Potatoes,
Washlngton(State), 'Return flew, •Irrigation effects,
•Crop response, Slow release fertilizers.
PB-259 329/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio
Feasibility of Elk Creek Acid Mine Drainage Abate-
ment Project Final rept. 1973-1974,
Skelly and Ley, Harrisburg, Pa.
LeRoy D. Loy, Jr., and John W. Gunnett. Sep 76,86p
EPA/600/2-76/128
Grant EPA-S-801273
Prepared In cooperation with West Virginia Dept of
Natural Resources, Charieston.(PC A05/MF A01)
A study was conducted within the Elk Creek Water-
shed. West Virginia to determine the technical and
economic feasibility ot three add mine drainage abate-
ment techniques. Alkaline regarding and slurry trench
construction were established as technically and eco-
nomically viable abatement techniques at four of five
potential demonstration project sites, while mine roof
collapse was considered feasible at one location. Al-
20 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
kallne regradlng-reworklng existing alkaline (poll ma-
terial-is a method for Improving neutralizing capabili-
ties and facilitating slurry trench Installation. Demon-
stration of alkaline regradlng, slurry trenching and mine
roof collapse as viable abatement techniques will pro-
vide the technology for prolonging beneficial effects of
current surface mining and facilitate elimination of add
discharge from abandoned mines.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Mine waters,
'Elk Creek, Strip mining, Economic analysis, Slurries,
Neutralizing, Water quality, Feasibility, Alkalinity, Back-
fills, Spoil, Construction, West Virginia, 'Mine acid
drainage.
PB-2S9 348/1 PC A1S/MF A01
Pint Annual Report. Part II. Working Papers.
Meroh 2,1973-Maroh 1,1974. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Standards and Water Quality Information Ad-
visory Committee
Martha Sager, and Martin Brossman. May 74,290p
ES/WQIAC-1-B-Pt-2
See also Part 1, PB-256 438.(PC A13/MF A01)
This report Is the first annual report of the Effluent
Standards and Water Quality Information Advisory
Committee (ES4WQIAC) to the Administrator of EPA.
The report summarizes the legislative basis and oper-
ations of the Committee for the period March 2,1973
to March 1, 1974. The first chapter of Part I of the
report describes the legislative basis of the Commit-
tee, Its structure, and Its operations. Subsequent chap-
ters provide an overview of the Committee's activities
and results achieved. Part II of the report Includes the
detailed comments provided by the Committee during
the process of development of effluent limitations by
EPA.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Organiza-
tions, Surveys, Legislation, Standards, Operations,
Performance evaluation, Recommendations, Indus-
tries, Sewage treatment, Industrial waste treatment,
•Water pollution standards.
PB-269 440/6 PC A07/MF A01
Radiological Surveillance study at the Haddam
Neck PWR Nuclear Power Station,
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Radlochemletry and Nuclear Engineering Re-
search Facility.
Bernd Kahn, Richard L Blanchard, William L. Brinck,
Herman L. Krieger, and Harry E. Kolde. Doc 74,1 Kip
EPA/520/3-747007
Contents: Introduction; Radlonuclldes In water on site;
Airborne radioactive discharges; Radlonuclldes In
liquid wastes; Radlonuclldes In the aquatic environ-
ment; Radlonuclldes In evlronmental air; Radlonu-
clldes and radiation In the terrestrial environment;
Summary and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Radiation hazards,
'Environmental surveys, Site surveys, Radioactive Iso-
topes, Radiation measuring Instruments, Connecticut,
'Haddam Neck nuclear power plant.
PB-269 441/4 PCA10/MFA01
Evaluation of the Florida Water Supply Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Qa. Water
Supply Branch.
1973,202p
(PCA10/MFA01)
The Environmental Protection Agency has conducted
an evaluation of the Florida Water Supply Program.
This report presents the findings, conclusions, end
recommendations, with supporting data and explana-
tory text, resulting from this evaluation.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Potable water, 'Florida,
Project planning, Recommendations, Water quality
management, FluoridatJon, Water treatment, Statutes,
Policies, Bacteria, Concentratton(Composrtlon), Inven-
tories, Laboratories, Budgeting, Reviews, 'Drinking
water.
PB-289 442/2 PC A07/MF A01
Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400): A Review of
the Final Report
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, O.C.
Jun 76,137p EPA/520/3-78/009
See also report dated 1976, WASH-l400(NUREG-76-
014).(PCA07/MFA01)
In reviewing the Reactor Safety Study, the authors
have tried to keep In perspective the original Intent of
the Study - to provide a technically sound overall as-
sessment of accident risks from commercial nuclear
power plants In the United States. They have also
taken note of the limits to the scope of the Study and
limitations which the report attaches to the applicability
of the Study's results and methodology. With respect
to the Intent to provide a technically sound overall as-
sessment of the accident risks, the authors have Iden-
tified several significant areas In which they have
found the WASH-1400 report either deficient or con-
taining unjustified assumptions.
Keywords: 'Water cooled reactors, 'Nuclear reactor
accidents, 'Environmental surveys, Radiation haz-
ards, Risk, Reliability.
PB-269 443/0 PC A04/MF A01
Choosing the Optimum Financial Strategy for Pol-
lution Control Investmsnts,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. Office of
Technology Transfer.
C. Marshall, and J. Commlns. Jun 76,65p* EPA/625/
3-76/006
Prepared In cooperation with JACA Corp., Fort Wash-
ington, Pa.fPC A04/MF A01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 46268.
This publication was designed to alert Industry to quali-
fications for and availability of financial assistance
from federal, state and local governments, and will Il-
lustrate that it Is well worth the time to analyze the spe-
cial methods of financing pollution control expendi-
tures and the available tax treatments. Obtaining opti-
mum financing and tax benefits could save a company
tens of thousands of dollars over the life of the equip-
ment
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Economic
assistance, 'Manuals, Industrial wastes, Financing,
Project planning, Management planning, Businesses,
Decision making. Taxes, Expenses, Federal assist-
ance programs, State government, Local government,
Grants, Optimization, Depreciation, Expenditures, Al-
ternatives, Tax credits.
PB-269 446/3 PC A03/MF A01
Upgrading Exletlng Waetewater Treatment Plants:
Case Histories.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Aug 73,31 p EPA/625/4-73/006a
(PCA03/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, On/o 46268.
Ing the performance of activated sludge and trie
niter plants through modification to the biological
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Trickling filters, Up-
grading, Performance, Biochemical oxygen demand.
PB-289 447/1 PC A03/MF A01
Nitrification and Denttrifleatlon Facilities:
Weetewater Treetment
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Aug 73,41 p EPA/626/4-73/004S
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 46266.
The publication explains the phenomenon of nitrifica-
tion and denHrification In wastewater treatment. Stud-
ies on the significance of nitrogenous oxidation (NOD)
In creating oxygen sag In receiving streams and other
studies snowing the role of ammonia and nitrogen
compounds In stimulating algal bloom have demon-
strated the need for Information on how wastewater
treatment plants can be designed to accomplish nitrifi-
cation and denltrtficatlon.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Nitrification, Kinetics,
Oxygen, Design criteria, Sedimentation tanks, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Sludge, Oxidation reduction
reactions. Nutrients, Removal, 'Denltrlflcatlon.
PB-269 448/9 PC A03/MF A01
Waatewater Filtration: Deelgn Consideration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
John L. Cleasby, and E. Robert Baumann. Jul 74,4lp
EPA/625/4-74/007
Prepared In cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Dept. of Civil Englneerlng.(PC A03/MF A01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 46268.
This publication explains considerations Involved with
the successful design of wastewater filters with em-
phasis on the differences between water treatment fil-
ters and wastewater filters.
Keywords: 'Sewage filtration, 'Water treatment,
•Fluid filters, 'Water pollution control, Design, Com-
parison, Mathematical prediction, Process charting,
Fluid flow, Pressure, Suspended solids.
PB-269 460/6 PC A02/MF A01
Flow Equalisation.
Environmental Protection Agancy, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 74,25p EPA/626/4-74/006
(PCA02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45266.
The primary objective of flow equalization basins for
municipal wastewater plants is to dampen the diurnal
flow variation, and thus achieve a constant or nearly
constant flow rate through the downstream treatment
processes. A desired secondary objective Is to
dampen the concentration and main flow of
wastewater constituents by blending wastewater In the
equalization basin. This principle and others are pre-
sented in this publication.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Flow control, 'Municipalities, Efficiency,
Flow rate, Blending, Variations.
PB-259 461/3 PC A02/MF A01
Outdance for Sewer System Evaluation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Mar74,14p EPA/520/B-74/018
(PCA02/MFA01)
Extraneous water from Infiltration/Inflow sources re-
duces the capability of sewer systems and treatment
facilities to transport and treat domestic and Industrial
wastewaters. Infiltration occurs when existing sewer
lines undergo material and joint degradation and dete-
rioration as well as when new sewer lines are poorly
designed and constructed. The elimination of Infiltra-
tion/Inflow by sewer system rehabilitation can often
substantially reduce the cost of wastewater collection
and treatment, but a logical and systematic evaluation
of the sewer system Is necessary to determine Its cost-
effectiveness. This document Is Intended to provide
engineers, municipalities, and regulatory agencies with
guidance on sewer system evaluation.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Fluid Infiltration, Evaluation,
Methodology, Water Influx, Flow rate, Rainfall, Waste
water, Soil properties, Classifications, Surveys.
PB-269 463/9 PC A03/MF A01
Physlcsl-Chemlcal Nitrogen Removal Waetewater
Treatment
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 74,29p
Prepared in cooperation with Culp, Wesner, Gulp-
Clean Water Consultants, Eldorado Hills, Calif.(PC
A03/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
The publication explains the three baste physical-
chemical nitrogen removal techniques available for ap-
plication today. Ammonia stripping, selective Ion ex-
change, and breakpoint chlorination. All of these ap-
proaches have the advantage that they are based on
the removal of nitrogen In ammonia form. The advan-
tages and disadvantages of each of these processes
are discussed In detail and the processes are com-
pared.
December 1983 21
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Nitrogen, 'Ion ex-
changing, Ammonia, Stripping(Distillation), Chlorina-
tton, Correlation techniques, Tertiary treatment, 'Am-
monia stripping, "Breakpoint chlorination.
PB-259 454/7 PC A03/MF A01
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, D.C.
Residential Paper Recovery: A Municipal Imple-
mentation Guide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Penelope Hanson. 1975,29p EPA-SW-155
Prepared in cooperation with National Center for Re-
source Recovery, Inc., Washington, D.C. Grant EPA-T-
900516.(PC A03/MF A01)
The report deals with the recovery of waste paper from
homes, principally in the form of newspapers. Collect-
ing methods, separating requirements, and cost fac-
tors are discussed, along with equipment such as
trucks, racks, and associated elements.
Keywords: 'Waste papers, 'Materials recovery, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Newsprint, Residential buildings, Hand-
books, Systems engineering. Collecting methods,
Equipment, Cost effectiveness, Separation, Urban
planning, Contract management, Household wastes,
Waste recycling, Alternatives.
PB-259 4S5/4 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution Abatement In a Copper Wire Mill. Cap-
sule rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Aug 73,13p EPA/625/2-73/003
(PCA02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
This Capsule Report shows how water consumption in
copper wire mills can be reduced by 90%. The reduc-
tion was from 200,000 gallons per day to 20,000 gal-
lons per day by chemical rinsing and water reuse. The
sulfuric acid pickle was regenerated and high purity
metallic copper recovered by continuous electrolysis,
thereby, eliminating the dumping of spent pickle liquor.
This new process is currently being used at several in-
stallations manufacturing copper and copper-alloy
products. The chemical rinse technique is applicable
to electroplating operations and has gained wide ac-
ceptance there.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Copper, Elec-
trolysis, Materials recovery, Manufacturing, Electro-
plating, Electrochemistry, Sulfuric acid, Wire mills,
•Copper industry.
PB-259 456/2 PC A03/MF A01
Problem-Solving In Solid Waste Management
Through Federal-Local Cooperation: 8 Case Stud-
lee,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Bruce Weddell, and Martha Madison. 1974,46p EPA-
SW-134
(PCA03/MFA01)
This digest summarizes the experiences of eight com-
munities receiving major technical assistance in solid
waste collection under a special Federal environmen-
tal protection program.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Participative man-
agement 'Technical assistance, Problem solving,
Federal assistance programs, Local government,
Community relations, Environmental surveys, Munici-
palities, Collecting methods, Productivity, Methodolo-
gy, Regional planning, Case studies.
PB-269 457/0 PC A02/MF A01
Gulp, Wesner, Culp-Oean Water Consultants, Eldor-
ado Hills, Calif.
Air Pollution Aspects of Sludge Incineration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jun 76,21p EPA/825/4-75/009
Prepared In cooperation with Culp, Wesner, Culp-
Ctean Water Consultants, Eldorado Hills. Cattf.(PC
A02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
Incineration offers the opportunity to reduce municipal
sludge to a sterile landfill and remove offensive fac-
tors, but it also has the potential to be a significant con-
tributor to the air pollution problem in an urban commu-
nity. This publication explains the air pollution prob-
lems involved with sludge incineration.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, "Sludge disposal, 'Incin-
erators, *Air pollution, Particles, Sources, Metals,
Gases, Organic matter, Opacity, Government policies,
Regulations, Participates.
PB-259 500/7 PC A07/MF A01
Hearing Involving 180-day Notice of Violation of
Water Quality Standards of the City of Fargo,
North Dakota Held In Fargo, North Dakota on July
10,1970.
Federal Water Quality Administration, Washington,
D.C.
Oct75,126p
(PCA07/MFA01)
The hearing is documented involving a 180-day notice
of violation of water quality standards by the city of
Fargo, North Dakota. It convened at 9:30 o'clock on
July 10, 1970, in the Royak Room of Kahler's Oak
Manor Motor Lodge, Fargo, North Dakota.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Meetings, 'Red River of
the North, North Dakota, Environmental impacts,
Public hearings, Violations, *Fargo(Nortn Dakota).
PB-259 501/5 PC A03/MF A01
Solid Waste Management Glossary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
1972,27pEPA/SW-108ts
(PCA03/MFA01)
Solid waste management is interdisciplinary. It incor-
porates, for example, the specialized efforts of engi-
neers, planners, earth scientists, labor managers,
economists, lawyers, and psychologists, as well as
businessmen in a variety of service trades and indus-
tries. Each group has its own specialized and ever-ex-
panding nomenclature. Not unexpectedly, therefore,
confusion exists regarding certain terms in everyday
use. There is need, then, for a glossary to standardize
the concepts in frequent use. A publication is also
needed for terms that are coming into use in the litera-
ture of solid waste management and may be less well
known to government officials and members of the in-
dustries involved. This glossary represents an attempt
to perform both services.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management, 'Dic-
tionaries, Terminology, Definitions, Standardization,
Subject indexing.
PB-259 503/1 PC A12/MF A01
Reactor Safety Study (WA8H-1400): A Review of
the Draft Report.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Aug 75,257p EPA/520/3-75/012
See also WASH-1400.
The Environmental Protection Agency has reviewed
environmental impact statements for light-water reac-
tors (LWR) since 1971. During the course of the re-
views, EPA has emphasized the need for a thorough
evaluation of the environmental risks, including risks
from accidents, associated with LWR technology. The
Reactor Safety Study is a comprehensive study of re-
actor safety and is the first such study to use a sys-
tems analysis approach In order to quantify the risks of
reactor accidents in terms of probabilities and conse-
quences, where historical and empirical data are inad-
equate. Since there are presently 53 LWRs licensed to
operate and 186 more under construction, proposed
or planned, it is Imperative that the Reactor Safety
Study be reviewed in depth and as Impartially as possi-
ble so that the validity of the study's methodology and
results can be determined. This EPA report Includes
the two sets of formal Agency comments and the com-
plete ITI report.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Nuclear reactor safety, Nuclear electric power
generation, Accidents, Risk, Radiation hazards, Nucle-
ar fuel cycles, Public health, Radiation effects, Light
water reactors.
PB-259 506/4 PC A02/MF A01
Physical-Chemical Wastewater Treatment Plant
Design.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Aug 73,45p EPA/625/4-73/002a
(PCA02/MFA01)
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
The purpose of this publication is to discuss typical
design parameters for the unit processes involved in
physical-chemical treatment of raw wastes, and how
the design engineer may determine the design criteria
best suited for a given wastewater.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Coagulation, Calcium oxides.
Alums, Flocculating, Filtration, Specifications, Cost
analysis, "Physical chemical treatment, 'Tertiary treat-
ment.
PB-259 509/8 PC A10/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Determination of Radium Removal Efficiencies In
Iowa Water Supply Treatment Processes, Techni-
cal note,
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
R. J. Schliekelman. Apr 76,212p ORP/TAD-76-1
Contract EPA-68-03-0491
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Hadiochemistry and Nuclear
Engineering Branch.(PC A10/MF A01)
The study included sampling and analysis of waters
from nine municipal water treatment plants in the state
of Iowa to determine the efficiency of radium-226 re-
moval in a variety of treatment processes and to pro-
vide cost data for these processes. Supplies with a
high naturally occurring radium content over 5 pCI/l in
Jordan and Dakota sandstone formation well waters
were selected and included four different treatment
processes: reverse osmosis, iron removal filtration,
sodium ion exchange, and lime-soda ash softening.
Analyses were performed to determine radium, hard-
ness, and other parameters on the well water and re-
movals of these parameters through the treatment
process. Radium-226 removals through the reverse
osmosis, sodium ion exchange, and lime-soda ash
softening plants were in the range of 95% removal.
Radium removals in trm iron removal plants ranged
from 12 to 38%.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, 'Water supply,
"Water treatment, "Radium, Municipalities, Potable
water, Radium isotopes, Operating costs, Natural ra-
dioactivity, Maintenance, Water wells, Sandstones,
Osmosis, Filtration, Sodium, Ion exchanging, Lime
soda ash process, Iowa, Radium 226.
PB-259 512/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Estimating Staffing and Coat Factor* for Small
Waatewater Treatment Plant* Less Than 1 MOD.
Part I. Staffing Guidelines for Conventional Munic-
ipal Waatewater Treatment Plants Lea* Than 1
MOD,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
E. Robert Baumann, Keith L McRoberts, and C. E.
Smith. Jun 73,133p
Grant EPA-5P2-WP-195-0452
(PCA07/MFA01)
Also available In set of 2 reports as PB-250 511-SET,
PC E99/MF E99.
This study is one of many which has as its primary ob-
jective Improved wastewater treatment. In the area of
water pollution control, proper wastewater treatment la
•one such control measure. One mechanism for good
control Is to insure that new and existing treatment
plants are operated by adequate numbers of wen-
trained staff. This report describes the objectives,
manpower planning, and management for treatment
plants.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities, "Man-
power, Objectives, Specifications, Effectiveness, Per-
sonnel development, Cost analysis. Job analysis.
22 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-259 S13/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Estimating Staffing and Cost Factors for Small
Wastewater Treatment Plants Less Than 1 MOD.
Part II. Estimating Costs of Package Wastewater
Treatment Plants,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
George E. Lamp, Jr., E. Robert Baumann, Keith L.
McRoberts, and C. E. Smith. Jun 73,106p
Grant EPA-5P2-WP-195-0452
(PCA06/MFA01)
Also available in set of 2 reports as PB-259 511 -SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
Effective and efficient wastewater treatment Is a func-
tion of both the quality of treatment and the cost of
treatment. Although the actual quality and cost of
treatment cannot be known until after a plant is in op-
eration, estimates of both are needed at various times
during the process of planning and designing a
wastewater treatment system. The report describes
costs, cost factors, data from manufacturers, and op-
erating package plants.
Keywords: * Sewage treatment, * Cost analysis, Munici-
palities, Industrial plants, Classifications, Operating
costs, Cost engineering, Manufacturers, Estimates,
Tables(Oata), Capitalized costs, Regression analysis.
PB-259 520/5 PC A08/MF A01
Second Joint U.S./USSR Symposium on the Com-
prehensive Analysis of the Environment, Held at
Honolulu, Hawaii October 21-26,1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 76,174p EPA/600/9-76/024
(PCA08/MFA01)
This proceeding includes papers presented at the
Second U.S./USSR Symposium on Comprehensive
Analysis of the Environment. All the papers, except for
one, were given In English or Russian at Honolulu,
Hawaii, USA between October 23 and October 25,
1975. The paper by Gerasimov, Izrael, and Sokolov
was given in New York on October 20, at a joint meet-
ing with Biosphere Reserves Project. The publication
of these proceedings Is in accordance with the Memo-
randum of Fourth Meeting of the U.S./USSR Joint
Committee on Cooperation In the Field of Environmen-
tal Protection, signed in Washington on October 31,
1975, which called for independent publication In both
the United States and the Soviet Onion. Papers pre-
sented were grouped into the following categories:
Maximum permissible load; Internal substance cycling
In natural ecosystems; Human risk assessment; and
Environmental stress and behavior.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Meetings, United
States, USSR, Loading, Environmental surveys, Ecol-
ogy, Human factors engineering, Animals, Chemical
properties, Fishes. Public health, Exhaust emissions,
Carcinogens, Radiation, Biological surveys, Evalua-
tion, Forecasting, Mathematicalmodels, Management
systems, Econometrics, Regions, Determination of
stress, Global problems, Joint meetings.
PB-259 534-T PC A09/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Purification. Volume 8, Number 2, June 1970.
A» Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
1976,188pTT-70/57210/2
Trans, of Kukl Seljo (Japan) v8 n2 Jun 70. Sponsored
'"Part by National Science Foundation, Washington,
g-C. Special Foreign Currency Science Information
P'ogranMPCAOfl/MFAOl)
Contents:
Description of 'Environmental Standards tor
Carbon Monoxide' and Guidelines for their
Achievement;
Photochemical Reactions of Auto Exhaust;
exhaust Emission Controls of U.S.A. and Europe;
exhaust Gas of the Automotive Diesel Engine;
A* Pollution and Odor;
Reference Literature Related to Checking of Air
Pollution In Rooms (Suspended Paniculate*)
Pound in the Study of Architecture (1) (1955-
., 1967>;
Uot of Standards (JIS) On Air Purification (up to
March 1970);
List of ASTM Standards on Air Purification (Part 23
1969);
Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards, Photochemical
reactions, Exhaust emissions, Particles. Carbon mon-
oxide, Automobiles, Purification, Odor control, Air pol-
lution control, Bibliographies, Diesel fuels, Transla-
tions, Japan.
PB-259 577/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Ambient Carbon Monoxide Monitor. Final rept.,
Aeronutronlc Ford Corp., Newport Beach, Calif. Aeron-
utronic Div.
Darrell E. Burch, Francis J. Gates, and John D.
Pembrook. Jul 76,30p U-6210, EPA/600/2-76/210
Contract EPA-6B-02-2219
(PCA03/MFA01)
A portable instrument has been designed and two
units have been built to monitor the concentration of
CO In ambient air. The air flows through a sampling
section that Is approximately 43 cm long with a 28-
pass optical system that produces a total path of 12
meters. Gas-filter correlation methods are employed
for the detection and discrimination against other gas
species in the air. An H2O monitor built Into the main
instrument measures the concentration of H20 and
automatically accounts for a small amount of interfer-
ence by this gas. Interference by all other atmospheric
gases is negligible. The minimum detectable concen-
tration of CO is less than 0.02 ppm. The instrument is
powered either by batteries or by a battery pack.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Monitors, 'Gas detec-
tors, Air pollution, Mobile equipment, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria,
Concentration(Composltion), Exhaust emissions, Opti-
cal measuring instruments, Sensitivity, Sampling, Cali-
brating, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-259 584/1 PCA08/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Methodology for the Determination of Emission
Une Sources. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo. School of Engineer-
ing and Applied Science.
Lonnie E. Haefner. Feb 75,156p EPA/450/3-76/035
Contract EPA-68-02-1417
(PCA08/MFA01)
The study of automotive vehicle pollution in a metro-
politan area requires accurate reporting of emissions.
This depends on efficient monitoring of traffic flow, and
knowing the location parameters critical to the emis-
sion process, and adequate knowledge of vehicular
emissions under a range of operating conditions. This
report describes the development of a methodology
which documents the criteria for determining which
major freeway and arterial links should be considered
emission line sources In a metropolitan area. In addi-
tion to developing the methodology, It Is used in the St.
Louis Air Quality Control Region, to determine specifi-
cally what links shall be considered as line sources.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Free-
ways, Une spectra, Mathematical models, Computer-
ized simulation, Computer programs, Computation,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxlde(NO), Automobiles,
•Automobile exhaust, Saint Louis(Mlssouri), SAPOL-
LUT computer program, Une sources.
PB-259 5*6/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Accelerated Decay of Non-Fuel Evaporative Emis-
sions. Final rept.
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westmin-
ster, CaNf.
Aug 76,47p EPA/460/3-76/026
Contract EPA-68-03-2413
This program was designed to determine whether driv-
ing a vehicle on a dynamometer or baking a vehicle In
a paint oven could accelerate the normal decay of
background hydro-carbon evaporative emissions from
new vehicles. Dally background evaporative emission
tests were performed on two groups of three Identical
Ford LTD's In accordance with the procedures out-
lined in SAE J17la. All fuel system components were
either removed or plugged. The carburetors were re-
moved and the intake manifolds covered with a plate.
An auxiliary fuel system was used when running each
vehicle on the dynamometer. Daily testing was oegun
on each vehicle within nine days after manufacturing.
One vehicle in each group was a control vehicle, which
soaked between daily tests. After each daily test, the
second vehicle in each group was driven on the dyna-
mometer for five series of two LA-4 driving schedules,
with a 30-minute soak with the engine off following
each series. It was then soaked until the next test. The
third vehicle in each group was placed in a bake oven
at 125 F for 12 hours after each test and then soaked
until the next test.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Automobiles, Outgassing,
Air pollution, Gas analysis, Mass spectrometry, Gas
chromatography, Concentration(Composltion), Dyna-
mometers, Toulene, Vapors, Evaporation, Decay, 'Ba-
seline measurements, Procedures.
PB-259 597/3 PC A23/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Assessment of Mathematical Models for Storm
and Combined Sewer Management Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Rlchland, Wash.
Water and Land Resource Dept.
Albin Brandstetter. Aug 76,523p* EPA/600/2-76/
175a
Contract EPA-68-03-0251
Mathematical models for the nonsteady simulation of
urban runoff were evaluated to determine their suitabil-
ity for the engineering assessment, planning, design
and control of storm and combined sewerage systems.
The models were evaluated on the basis of Information
published by the model builders and model users.
Seven models were also tested by computer runs
using both hypothetical and real catchment data. Most
of the models evaluated include the nonsteady simula-
tion of the rainfall-runoff process and flow routing In
sewers.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
•Urban areas, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Math-
ematical models, Overflows, Design, Sanitary engi-
neering, Rainfall, Hydrology, Waste water, Nonunlform
flow, Unsteady flow, Water quality, Evaluation, 'Urban
hydrology.
PB-269 600/5 PC A09/MF A01
Proceedings of the US/USSR Symposium on
Comprehensive Analysis of the Environment
(1st), Held at Tbilisi, Georgia, on March 25-29,
1974,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
L. D. Attaway, and R. S. Cortesi. Mar 74,191p EPA/
600/8-75/004
See also PB-259 520.
These proceedings Include the 24 papers presented at
the first 1974 Symposium. The papers were originally
presented in English and Russian at Tbilisi, Georgia,
USSR. Their publication herein is part of the protocol
agreement signed on March 29, 1974, for simulta-
neous and Independent publication in both countries
after coordination of the manuscripts. Papers present-
ed were grouped into the following categories: Theme-
analysis to support environmental management; Com-
prehensive modelling; Maximum permissible loading;
Economic criteria for establishing environmental qual-
ity goals; Implementation strategies for achieving and
maintaining environmental standards; Impact of pollu-
tion and environmental conditions on non-human spe-
cies; and Pollution impacts on climate.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement. 'Meetings, United States, USSR, Cooper-
ation, Environmental surveys, Environmental Impacts,
Management planning, Models, Economic factors, Ob-
jectives, Methodology, Standards, Biological surveys,
Climatology, Ecology, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Wildlife.
December 1983 23
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-259 642-T PC A02/MF A01
The Functional State of the Hippocampus during
Prolonged Impulaa and Stable Nolae (0 Funkt-
•lonalnom Soatoll Qlppokampa prl Dlltelnom Vox-
delatvll Impulsnogo I Stabllnogo Shuma),
Envlronmenta! Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
G. A. Suvorov. 1972,8p EPA-TR-73-275
Trans, of Qlgiena I Sanltarlya (USSR) n6 p29-31 Jun
72.(PCA02/MFA01)
Impulse noise causes maximum increase of excitability
of the hippocampus 1 hour after the effect, whereas
with application of stable noise, maximum Increase of
excitability Is noted after 3 hours. Under conditions of
prolonged chronic experiment, Impulse and stable
noise have a different effect on the functional state of
the hippocampus A stable noise stimulus causes
persistent depression of the hippocampus even after
the 1st month of the test. Impulse noise causes an In-
crease of excitability of the hippocampus at the end of
the chronic test. Immediately after the alternate effect
of impulse and stable noise, at all stages of the chronic
test, excitability of the hippocampus was increased.
Keywords: 'Hippocampus, 'Noise(Sound), Physiologi-
cal effects, Electrophyslologlc recording, USSR,
Translations, Brain, Central nervous system, Rabbits,
Laboratory animals, Excitation,
Thresholds(Perceptlon>, 'Noise pollution, Medical re-
search, Impulse noise, Neurophyslology.
PB-259 643/6 PC A02/MF A01
The Forthcoming XVI All-Unlon Congress of Hy-
glenlsts and Sanitarians (Navstrechu XVI Vse-
•oyiwnomy Syezdu Qiglenlstov I Sanltamykh Vr«-
chel),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
F.G.Krotkov. 1972.8p
Trans, of Qlgiena I Sanitarlya (USSR) v37 n2 p3-4 Feb
72.
The XVI All-Unlon Congress of Hyglenists and Sanitar-
ians will take place in September, 1972, in the city of
Gorky. The Congress will attract 1000 delegates and
guests, representing more than 13,000 members of
the All-Unlon Scientific Society of Hyglenists, to dis-
cuss results of the past five years' work and to plan the
future aims of hygienic science and sanitary practice.
The XVI Congress coincides with the 50th anniversary
of the publication of the decree of the Soviet People's
Commission of the RSFSR 'Sanitary agencies of the
republic.1 This decree, signed on Sept. 15, 1822, de-
fined the aims, structure, standards, rights and duties
of the sanitary agencies of this country. The XVI Con-
gress of the All-Unlon Scientific Society of Hygienists
can, therefore, with complete Justification be consid-
ered a Jubilee.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Public health, 'Sanitation,
Meetings, Health manpower, USSR, Translations, En-
vironmental health.
PB-259 644-T PC A02/MF A01
A Method of Determining Allergenlc Properties of
Chemical Substances (K Metodlke Opredelenlya
Allergennykh Svolstv Khlmichesklkh Vethcheetv),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
O. G. Alekseeva, and A. I. Petkevich. 1972,8p EPA-
TR-73-265
Trans, of Glgiena i Sanitariya (USSR) v37 n3 p64-67
Mar 72.
A single injection Into the skin of the ear of 0.02 ml of
dilutions of all 6 tested allergens (from 1:500 and
above) sensitized guinea pigs in 11 -12 days. The aller-
genlc activity of chemical substances can be com-
pared by their dilution In the sensitizing injection. As
the suggested method is based on the Injection of
large dilutions of the tested substances, it can be used
to study poorly soluble products and a small amount of
the injected allergen guarantees against intoxication,
which weakens the development of allergy.
Keywords: 'Allergic diseases, 'Chemical compounds,
•Immunology, Diagnostic agents, Pharmacology, Anti-
gens, Methodology, USSR, Translations, Experimental
data, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, Skin(Anatomy),
'Allergens.
PB-269 846-T
PC A02/MF A01
Several Aspects of the Physiological-Hygienic
Basis of Programmed Teaching of Elementary
School Children (Nekotore Aspekty FIzlologo-QI-
glenlcheskogo Obosnovanlya Programmlrovan-
nogo Obuchenlya Snkolnlkov Mladshlkh Klasov),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
M. A. Zamkova, E. I. Krlvltskaya, R. I. Novlk, and V. I.
Slesar. 1972, 7p EPA-TR-73-276
Trans, of Glgiena I Sanltarlya (USSR) nS p43-45 May
72.
The school Is searching for ways to Improve teaching
methods. One method is programming with the use of
various technical means. In programmed teaching In-
creased Intense activity of students Is assumed, which
can entail a greater neuropsychlc load. The authors
studied the working capacity and functional reactions
of students In primary grades using a programmed
teaching method, to find out If this method causes
excess fatigue of the students.
Keywords: 'Learning, 'Children, 'Programmed In-
struction, Fatlgue(Blology), Schools, Students, Trans-
lations, USSR, Teaching methods.
PB-259 846-T PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Toxicologies! Assessment of Dlthlo-
cirbamites (SravnlteJnaye Tokslkologlcheskays
OUenka Dltlokarbamatov),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
E. A. Antonovich, 0. V. Chernov, L V. Samosh, L. V.
Martson, and M. A. Pillnskaya. 1972,14p EPA-TR-73-
337
Trans, from Glgiena I Sanitariya (USSR) p25-30 Aug
72.
A comparative toxlcological assessment of TMTD,
clrame, clneb, maneb and polycarbaclne proved
cirame, TMTD and maneb to be more dangerous. In
comparison with maneb and cineb, clrame has a more
pronounced cumulative, teratogenlc, gonadotoxic, and
blastogenic effect and a much higher cytogenic activi-
ty. Maneb surpasses the rest of these pesticides In
embryotoxic and blastogenic activity. The extent of the
mutagenic effect and the toxicity in chronic poisoning
of TMTD exceeded that of cirame, clneb and maneb.
All the pathological effects produced were least pro-
nounced in the action of cineb and polycarbacine,
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Pesticides, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Trace ele-
ments, Pathology, Assessments, USSR, Translations,
Genetics, Embryology, Toxicology, Tables(Data),
Comparison, Dosage, Experimental data, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, 'Carbamic acid/diethyl-dlthio-(Sodlum-
salt), Manganese ethylene bisdlthlocarbamate,
Poly(dithio(tmocarbonyl)-
imlnoethyleneimino(thlocarbonyl)), Dlsulflde/
bis(dimethyl-thiocarbamoyl).
PB-259 6S3/4 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation Report on Water Pollution Control Pro-
gram Plan tor the State of Nebraska Department
of Health Water Pollution Control Council, FY
1971.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
Sep 70,36p
(PCA03/MFA01)
Contents:
Status of interstate and Intrastate water quality
standards;
Improvements or expansion proposed by the
agency;
General adequacy of the agency's staff, budget,
organization, and statutes;
FWQA recommendations which are most urgent for
improving the state program;
Additional comments;
Summarize known accomplishments during
previous fiscal year;
Pollution control surveillance and enforcement;
Water pollution control facilities;
Training;
Pollution control studies and planning;
Public Information;
Evaluation rating.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Project plan-
ning, 'Nebraska, Standards, Recommendations, Stat-
utes, Law enforcement, Sewage treatment, Industrial
waste treatment, Municipalities, Education, Informa-
tion, Agriculture, Evaluation, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, Interstate commissions.
PB-269 864/2 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation Report on Water Pollution Control Pro-
gram Plan for the State of Colorado Department
of Public Health Water Pollution Control Division,
FY 1971.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Kansas City, Mo. Missouri Basin Region.
Sep70,36p
(PCA03/MFA01)
Contents:
Status of interstate and Intrastate water quality
standards;
Improvements or expansion proposed by the
General adequacy of the agency's staff, budget,
organization, and statutes;
FWQA recommendations which are most urgent for
improving the state program;
Additional comments;
Summarize known accomplishments during the
previous fiscal year;
Pollution control surveillance and enforcement;
Water pollution control facilities;
Training;
Pollution control studies and planning;
Public information;
Evaluation rating.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Project plan-
ning, 'Colorado, Standards, Recommendations, Stat-
utes, Law enforcement, Sewage treatment, Industrial
waste treatment, Municipalities, Education, Informa-
tion, Agriculture, Evaluation, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, Interstate commissions.
PB-259 865/9 PC A09/MF A01
Radiation Protection • 1976, Annual EPA Review
of Radiation Protection Activities.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Jun 76,185p EPA/520/7-76/004
(PCA09/MFA01)
Contents:
Executive summary;
Legislation and standards activities;
Nuclear energy;
Medical, occupational and consumer product
radiation;
Naturally-occurring radioactivity;
Other nuclear energy activities;
Nonionlzing radiation;
International activities of Interest to the U.S.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radioblology, 'Radiation
protection, Legislation, Tables(Data), Standards, Reg-
ulations, State government, Nuclear energy, Consum-
er affairs, Nuclear power plants, Foreign countries, Ra-
dioactivity, Industrial medicine, Radiology, Environ-
mental impact statements, Occupational safety and
health, Nonionlzing radiation.
PB-269 667/5 PC A10/MF A01
EXPRO 75. A Listing of Extramural Projects to be
Funded In Fiscal Year 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Jul 74,221p
(PCA10/MFA01)
The purpose of EXPRO Is two-fold: (1) to acquaint the
research and development community with general
guidelines for working with the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's Office of Research and Development
under grant or contract support, and (2) to make publi-
cally available a list of specific grant and contract
Tasks which OR&D plans to fund during the current
Fiscal Year. This listing Is planned to be Issued at the
beginning of each new fiscal year. Although grants and
contracts are authorized under various pieces of legis-
lation, the general procedures for seeking support
have been unified to those discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Project
planning, 'Grants, 'Environmental Protection Agency,
Alternatives.
24 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-269 668/3 PC A03/MF A01
Studies of Ingeatlon Dote Pathways from the Nu-
clear Fuel Service* Fuel Reprocessing Plant. Final
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Paul J. Magno, RicharcTKramkowski, Thomas Reavey,
and Robert Wozniak. Dec 74, SOp EPA/520/3-74/001
(PCA03/MFA01)
Studies were carried out to evaluate ingestlon doses to
individuals and the local population resulting from the
operation of the Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS) reproc-
essing plant in West Valley, N.Y. These studies in-
volved evaluations of radionuclide intakes from inges-
tlon of fish, deer, and locally grown food Items and in-
cluded surveys of fishing and deer hunting in the vicini-
ty of the plant. The maximum dose commitment to an
individual from the fish pathway during 1974 was esti-
mated to have been 1.4 millirem whole body and 7 mil-
lirem bone. The maximum whole-body dose commit-
ment to an individual from ingestion of venison from
deer kills in 1970 was estimated to have been 1.4 mil-
lirem. Dose estimates for the local population from the
fish and deer pathways indicated that the integrated
whole-body population dose commitments from each
of these pathways was about 0.1 man-rem per year.
Measurements of radionuclide concentrations In local-
y grown food items indicated that the operation of the
NFS plant had not resulted In any measurable increase
in the radionuclide Intakes of the population living in
the vicinity of plant from the pathway.
Keywords: "Nuclear fuel reprocessing, 'Food chains,
'Radiation dosage, Diet, Ingeetlon(Blology), Radtoac-
we Isotopes, Seafood, Populations, Ecology, Vegeta-
ton, Radioecology.
£B-2S9 659/1 PC A07/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Chemistry Branch.
National Survey of Peaticldea In Drinking Water.
Final rept.,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Elizabeth M. McCarthy. 30 Jun 76,1 SOp
Contract EPA-68-01-2849
(PCA07/MFA01)
More than 700 samples of raw and finished drinking
water were analyzed for the presence of aldrin, diei-
*m, DDT and DDT metabolites. Thirty samples were
8jso analyzed for the presence of heptachlor, hepta-
chlor epoxide and chlordane. At the levels of detec-
5°n, 107 water samples were found to contain dieldrin,
4 contained aldrin and dieldrin, 6 contained dieldrin
*na DDT, and 2 contained DDT. No samples were
found to contain heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide or
chlordane at or above the minimum levels of detection.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water quality, DDT, Drinking
*«*, Water pollution, Insecticides, Chlorine aromatic
Compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Sampling,
Heptachlor, Chlordan, Mass spectrometry, Gas chro-
SJMography, Water analysis, Chemical analysis. Aldrin,
Dieldrin. Dlmethanonaphthalenes.
£8.369 660/9 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
i'roce of Planning and Evaluation.
*Meaament of the Environmental Implications of
Polect Independence. Final rept,
energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
£• Uambie, and M. Allen. Jul 76.272p
Contract EPA-68-01-2823
(PCA12/MFA01)
*n environmental residuals technique was developed
J> quantitatively evaluate the environmental Impllca-
°°na of Project Independence. Three models are dts-
2»«ed that compare the regional Impacts of different
7*nario8 of energy development: a Residual Altoca-
*5 Model to predict the quantity and distribution of 1S
•nergy-aaaodated pollutant loadings, a Water Use
yodel to assess the compatibility of water available
•M water required for projected energy uae, and an
^Quality Model to compare the Impacts of the ace-
{*nos on ambient air quality. The approach Is useful
!°r Bcenario comparison, but Is limited in degree of
iftail and absolute accuracy. It is concluded mat the
wel of control technology achieved is more critical
•Wronrnentally than the choice of scenarios. Further
*°* should include a refinement and extension of the
[•"duals studied and a more detailed sensitivity analy-
?*. especially with respect to control technology and
'•ditty siting assumptions.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Toxicity, Assess-
ments, Mathematical models, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Scenarios, Error analysis, Forecasting, Wildlife,
Comparisons, Uranium, Combustion products, Ex-
haust emissions. Fuels, Electric power plants, Industri-
al wastes, Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, 'Project independ-
ence, 'Energy development, Energy demand, Energy
supplies, Solid wastes.
PB-2S9 668/2 PC A03/MF A01
Water Quality Factors. North Platte River, Wyo-
ming-Nebraska.
National Field Investigations Center-Denver, Colo.
Review and Evaluation Branch.
Oct71,31p
(PCA03/MFA01)
The North Platte River is an interstate stream, flowing
from Wyoming into Nebraska. This paper summarizes
applicable water quality regulations, the history of en-
forcement actions, existing sources of pollution and
water quality conditions for the reach of North Platte
River extending from Fort taramle, Wyoming to Broad-
water, Nebraska.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'North Platte River, Sur-
veys, Regulations, Standards, Municipalities, Law en-
forcement, Sources, Industries, Licenses, Turbidity,
Agriculture, Toxicity, Colors(Materials), Nebraska, Wy-
oming, 'Water pollution standards.
PB-259 670/8 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Survey of Mllford Reservoir, Kansas,
August 1969,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Div. of Field Investigations.
Nelson A. Thomas, and Allen M. Lucas. 1971,23p
(PCA02/MFA01)
The report describes biological studies of Milford Res-
ervoir and the Republican River made on August 10-
11,1969. This report indicates that water quality up-
stream and downstream from the impoundment was
excellent and that Milford Reservoir does not have a
detrimental effect on the biota of the Republican River.
Keywords: 'Water pollution. 'Aquatic biology, 'Milford
Reservoir, 'Republican River, Surveys, Algae, Plank-
ton, Nutrients, Primary biological productivity, Diatoms,
Sampling, Tables(Data), Kansas.
PB-259 681-T
PC A02/MF A01
Photochemical Reduction of Zn-Etloporphyrln In
Frozen Solutions; Structure of Reduced Forma
(Fotokhlmlcheskoe Vosstanovlenie Zn-Etloporflr-
Ina v Zamorozhonnykh Hastvorakh. StruMura
VoMtanovtennyfch Form).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. N. Sidorov. 1973,12p EPA-TR-74-35
Trans, of Biof Izlka (USSR) v18 p144-148 Jan-Feb 73.
It has been found that solutions of Zn-etloporphyrtn in
N-contalnlng organic bases (lutidlne, N-metnylplperl-
dine, triethylamlne), frozen at -196C. are capable of
photochemical conversions. Comparison of the prop-
erties and spectral characteristics of the photopro-
ducts formed with properties of protonated Zn-etlopor-
phyrin dianions, produced by chemical methods, per-
mits the following scheme to be proposed for conver-
sion of Zn-etloporphyrln In organic bases (P, Zn-etlo-
porphyrin molecule; D, molecule of base, which Is both
an electron donor and a.proton donor to the P mole-
cule). The first stage observable spectrally Is photore-
ductJon In the frozen solution. The hydroderivative
formed in frozen solution is capable of again splitting
off a proton during Irradiation. Thermal addition of a
proton to the PH(-) and Its subsequent photocleavage
In frozen solution can be reproduced repeatedly In one
and the same sample. The central metal atom has a
significant effect on the photochemical behavior of a
methyl-porphyrin In solution.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Metal com-
plexes, Porphyrins, Zinc organic compounds, Solu-
tions, Spectrochemlcal analysis, Thermochemistry,
Low temperature research, Molecular structures,
fleductfon(Chemlstry), Translations, USSR, 'Etlopor-
phyrtns.
PB-259 882-T PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Acid Oases on the Pigment Composition
of the Leave* of Trees and Lawn Plant* (vllyanle
Klslykh Qazov na Plgmentnyl Soatav Llnev Ore-
vesnykh I Qazonykh Rastanil),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. V. Suslova, and V. S. Nikoloevskii. 1971,46p EPA-
TR-75-25
Trans, of Perm Univ. Uchenye Zapiski (USSR) n2S6
P93-1321971.
The chlorophyll a and b, carotene, lutein, vlolaxanthln,
and neoxanthin contents in the leaves of plants, sub-
jected during various phases of their growth and devel-
opment to acid gases such as SO2, NO2, F, HF, and
P2OS in various concentrations, were studied spectro-
photometrically and by paper chromatography. Expo-
sure to gases of lawn grasses with different gas resist-
ance caused nonsignificant changes in their pigment
contents. Woody plants revealed an inverse relation
between the content of pigments and their gas resist-
ance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Trees, 'Plants(Botany),
Chlorophylls, Plant growth, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Fluorine, Hydrofluoric acid, Gases, Spectre-
photometry, Exposure, Plant pigments, Translations,
USSR, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-259 683-T PC A02/MF A01
Condition* for Keeping Laboratory Animal* In
100-Liter Inoculation Cages during Long-Term
Chronic Experiment* (Uslovla Soderzhanlya La-
boratornykh Zhlvotnykh v 100-Lltrovykh Zatra-
vochnykn Kamerakh prl Olltelnom Knronlchee-
kom Eksperlmente),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. A. Popov. 1972,9p EPA-TR-73-286
Trans, of Gigiena I Sanltariya (USSR) n3 p83-86 Mar
72.(PCA02/MFA01)
The work deals In greater detail and more systemati-
cally than a previous study with several microclimate
factors of the widely used today 100-liter inoculation
cages; the effect of these factors can to one degree or
another affect the results of the experiment. One of
the basic life products of animals in inoculation cages
is ammonia. Therefore, the authors considered it im-
portant as an Indication of the degree of air contamina-
tion by volatile life products of the animals in the
cages. These products include oxygen and carbon
dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, indole,
skatole, amines, amides, aldehydes and ketones, mar-
captans, disulfidea and other compounds. Concentra-
tions of these products in the air depend on the kind of
animal, the number per unit of floor area and the fre-
quency of air exchange, as well on the kind of bedding
material.
Keywords: 'Laboratory animals, Hygiene, Climatology,
Inoculation, Laboratory equipment, USSR, Transla-
tions, Gases, Experimentation, Ammonia, Rats, Con-
tamination, 'Animal cages.
PB-259 684-T PC A02/MF A01
The Uae of 2,4-Dlnltrophenlhydrazlne to Deter-
mine Carbonyl Compound* In Air (Primenenle 2,4-
dlnltrofenllgldrazln* diva Opredelenlya Karbonll-
nykh Soedlnonll v Vozdukhe),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Plningina. 1872, Op EPA-TR-73-171, APTIC-40689
Trans, of Gigiena I Sanltariya (USSR) v37 (4) p78-81
1972.
2,4-Dlnitrophenylhydrazlne(2l4-DNPH) ia a selective
reagent to carbonyl compounds. It readily reacts with
high and low, saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic and
aromatic carbonyl compounds, forming hydrazonas.
Therefore, 2,4-DNPH is widely used for colorlmetric
and chromatographlc determination of various car-
bonyl compounds and their Isomers In organic liquids
and water. Until recently, 2,4-DNPH was not used to
the low concentration* of the substances being stud-
led. A limited amount (0.05 - 0.1 ml or less) can b*
taken for chromatographlc analysis. Therefore, the
sample must be concentrated. The resufts of our stud-
ies agree completely wtth the data of Lonhmon. Fur-
Oecember 1983 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ther chromatographic analysis showed that, along with
hexane hydrazones, only a small part of 2,4-DNPH is
eliminated from the acid solution, which appears on
the chromatogram in the form of 1 spot at the start line
and does not interfere with the analysis of microquanti-
ties of carbonyl compounds.
Keywords: 'Carbonyl compounds, 'Trace elements,
* Chromatographic analysis, 'Colorimetnc analysis, Air
pollution, Hydrazines, Chemical analyses, Transla-
tions, USSR, *Air pollution detection, 'Hydrazine/dini-
trophenyl.
PB-259 685-T PC A02/MF A01
Analyst* of Partlculate Air Pollutants: The Meas-
urement of Mn and Br In Microscopic Atmospher-
ic Particles by ths Activation Method, and the
Measurement of Microscopic Dust Particle Diame-
ters by the Diffusion Method,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Kunihiko Asakuno, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Yukio Inokoshi,
Tatsuo Yamamoto, and Yoshaharu Shinozaki. 1970,
13pEPA-TR-74-452
Trans, of mono. Ryushiio Taiki Osen Busshitsu no Kai-
sedi: Hoshaka BunseMho ni Yoai Kuki Bijinchu no Mn,
Br no Sokutei oyobi Kakusan Bunriho ni Yoru Bijto no
Sokutei, Tokyo, 1970 p132-135.
As one of the links in elucidating the mechanics of air
pollution, the specified substances, Mn and Br,
present in microscopic atmospheric dust was collect-
ed at various heights at Tokyo Tower and classified by
activation analysis. Measurements were also made of
the temporal variations in the particle diameter of mi-
croscopic atmospheric dust.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Radioactivation analysis,
'Manganese, 'Bromine, Chemical analysis, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Oust, Aerosols,
Diurnal variation, Translations, Japan, 'Air pollution
detection.
PB-259 687-T PC A02/MF A01
Study of Air Pollution Around the Nitrogen Fertil-
izer Plant Near Stsra Zagora and Its Effect on the
Health of the Population (Prouchsvane Zamursya-
vaneto na Atmosfernlya Vuzdukh v Rayona na
Azotnotorovlya Zavcd kral Stara Zagora I Vllyan-
leto mu vurkhu Zdraveto na Nasetonleto),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
P. Kazasov, L. Balabaeva, G. Petrova, and M. Mikhov.
1971,18pEPA-TR-74-432
Trans, of Khigiena I Zdraveopazvane (Bulgaria) v14 n1
P45-561971.
Atmospheric air around the plant was found to be con-
siderably polluted by sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
and ammonia. The initial level of damage to adaptive
reactions, the presence of stressed protective-com-
pensatory body mechanisms, disturbance of mineral
metabolism and oxidation-reduction processes, and
changes in the blood picture and in the immuno-bio-
Iqgical state are established. The polluted atmospheric
air around the plant has a specific, unpleasant, smell
with adverse effects on ventilating homes, and causes
subjective complaints by some of the population. The
study has resulted in the adoption of a preventive pro-
gram designed to improve the sanitation conditions of
atmospheric air around the plant
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial medicine,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Ammonia, Bulgaria,
Air pollution. Translations, Tables(Dala), Industrial at-
mospheres, Toxicity, Industrial hygiene, Recommen-
dations, Physiological effects, Public health, Popula-
tions, Air pollution control, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Fertilizer industry. Occupational
safety and health, Toxic substances.
PB-259 688-T PC A02/MF A01
The Status of Certain of the Mineral Metabolism
Indices In Persons Working under Conditions In-
fluenced by Beryllium Compounds (Sostolanle
Mlneralnogo Obmena u
v Ustovtyakh Vozodelst-
,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. S. Nikftjna. 1870, 10p£PA-TR-73-317
Nekotorykh Pokazatelel
Lyudel, Rabotayushchlkh
vlga SoedlnenH BeiDllya),
Trans, of Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevan-
iya (USSR) v14 p52-54 May 70.(PC A02/MF A01)
Beryllium, being a bivalent metal, enters into competi-
tive interrelations with the ions of other bivalent metals
that are natural enzyme activators (magnesium, cal-
cium, manganese, and others), while, at the same
time, depressing their activity. This is why the study of
the status of those electrolytes that can be beryllium
antagonists among persons in contact with its com-
pounds has taken on such great importance. Earlier re-
search on magnesium and calcium metabolism among
those stricken with berylliosis and who broke off their
contact with the toxic substance several years ago
showed a disarrangement in the relationship between
these electrolytes. Also observed was a reduction in
the magnesium level in the blood (plasma and erythro-
cytes), together with a tendency to its increased excre-
tion with the urine and simultaneously an increase in
the calcium content in the blood serum and a decrease
in its excretion.
Keywords: 'Beryllium, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Mineral metabolism, Metals, Magne-
sium, Physiological effects, Toxicity, USSR, Transla-
tions, Occupational diseases, Industrial atmospheres,
Industrial hygiene, Recommendations, Electrolytes,
Tables(Data), Blood, 'Toxic substances, Occupational
safety and health.
PB-259 689-T PC A02/MF A01
Some Regularities In Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide
by Woody Plants (Nekotorye Zakonomernostl
Pogloshenlya Sernlatogo gaza Drevesnym Ras-
temyaml),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. S. Nikolaevskii. 1971, 14p EPA-TR-75-19
Trans, of Perm Univ. Uchenye Zapiski (USSR) v277(5)
P29-351871.
The study using labeled sulfur dioxide (Nikolayevskly,
et al., 1971) establishes that the susceptibility to injury
of leaves by sulfur dioxide, in trees, flowers, lawn
grasses and weeds, is directly proportional to the rate
of absorption of the gas and formation of a lethal dose.
The rate of absorption of sulfur dioxide in nonresistant
species is 2-5 times and more than that of resistant
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Plants(Botany), Sulfur diox-
ide, Plant tissues, Abso rption(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Trees(Plants), Grasses,
Weeds, Translations, USSR, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-259 890-T PC A02/MF A01
Neurohlstologlcal Methods In Hygienic Standardi-
zation (Nelroglstologlcheskle Metody prl Qlglenl-
cheskom Normlrovanll),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. G. Feldman. 1972, 7p EPA-TR-73-274
Trans, of Gigiena i Sanitariya (USSR) n4 p86-88 Apr
72.
Of great importance in the hygienic standardization of
toxic substances are special neurohistological studies
which can, in a number of cases, reveal the effect of
small concentrations of chemical substances in the
central and peripheral nervous system. In such stand-
ardization the neurohistologist can also evaluate the
degree of damage to the nervous system and help the
hygienist discover the mechanism of the effect of
these agents. Many scientists have indicated that
against the background of the general reactions of the
nervous system a unique, more intense response of
one section of the nervous system is observed where
pathological changes are especially pronounced. The
work of M. V. Vendllo et al., dealing with the Inhalation
effect of aliphatic alcohols suggested a deeper study
of the visual analyser. The study was conducted on 66
rabbits. The greatest changes were found in the path
of the visual analyser. On the basis of results of neuro-
histological and histochemical studies of the action of
aliphatic alcohols on the nervous system, It Is suggest-
ed that future study be limited to the visual analyser
and that part leading to It which lacks neurons.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Nervous system, 'Carblnols,
•Butanols, Physiological effects, Pathology, Stand-
ards, USSR, Translations, Permissible dosage, Hy-
giene, Recommendations, Neurology, Histology, Cen-
tral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Medical re-
search, Toxic substances, Maximum permissible expo-
sure level.
PB-259 691-T PC A02/MF A01
Our Alms for the New Year (Nashu Zadachl v
Noyom Qodu),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
K. S. Petrovskil. 1972,8p EPA-TR-73-262
Trans, of Gigiena i Sanitariya (USSR) n1 p3-5 Jan 72.
The translation presents a very brief discussion on
public health and hygiene plans as the topic of the
24th Congress of the Communist Party.
Keywords: 'Public health, Translations, USSR.
PB-259 698-T PC A02/MF A01
A Method of Chromatographic Determination of
Acroleln In the Presence of Aliphatic Aldehydes
(Metod Khromatograflcheskogo Opredelenlya Ak-
rolelna v Prlsutstvll Allfatlchesklkh Aldehldov),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. A. Ipatova, and E. V. Delanova. 1973,8p EPA-HS-
174
Trans, of Gigiena i Sanitariya (USSR) v38 (10) p65-67
Oct73.
The authors have tested methods used in industrial-
sanitary chemistry and have come to the conclusion
that none of the colorimetric methods is suitable to
analyze acroleln in the presence of aliphatic aldehydes
and nitrogen oxides. They developed a fluorescent
method of determining acrolein. The method Involves
separating and quantitatively determining acrolein with
the aid of thin-layer chromatography in silicagel-
gypsum. It has been established that formaldehyde,
aromatic and saturated aliphatic aldehydes, amines,
phenols and nitrogen peroxide do not disturb determi-
nation. Acetaldehyde and crotonic aldehyde are sepa-
rated in chromatography, for the absorption of vapors
of acroleln from the air a 0.25% solution of hydrochlo-
ric hydroxylamine and activated charcoal (AG-5) is rec-
ommended.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Acroleins, 'Gas
analysis, Air pollution. Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Aldehydes, Nitrogen oxides, Translations,
USSR, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-259 699-T PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Effectiveness of Some Amlnoalkyl-
phosphonlc Acids In Excretion of Berllllum from
Rats (Sravnltelnaya Effektlvnost Nekotorykh
Amlnoalklltosfonovykh Klslot v Vyvedenll Berlt-
llya U Organlzma Krys),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. T. Ivannikov, P. F. Bugryshev, and A. A. Kuznetscv.
1972,8p EPA-TR-73-144, APTIC-48039
Trans, of Gigiena. Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevan-
lya (USSR) v16 n4 p55-57 1972.(PC A02/MF A01)
The authors study the effect of two amlnoalkylphos-
phonlc acids on the excretion of beryllium from rats. It
is discovered that the acids' effect on beryllium excre-
tion varies according to the number of times they are
administered, the period after beryllium intake at which
they are administered and also according to the specif-
ic organ or tissue in which accumulation of beryllium it
measured.
Keywords: 'Beryllium, 'Toxictty, 'Decontamination,
Phosphonic acids, Rats, Laboratory animals. Experi-
mental data, Tables(Data), USSR, Translations. Excre-
tion, Physiological effects, Liver, Spleen.
TIssueslBiology), Toxicology, 'Phosphonic add/amin-
oalkyl, 'Toxic substances.
PB-2S9 700-T PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Effect of Asbestos In Industrial
Conditions (Oteenka Voideletvfya Aebeeta v Oslo-
vlyakh Prolrvodstvennol Sredy),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research TriangW
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L. Krelli, G. Eer, K. Amoudrou, G. Gibbs, and S.
Holmss. 1973,8p EPA-HS-179
Trans, of Gigiena I Sanitariya (USSR) v38 n8 p76-7«
Feb73.(PCA02/MFA01)
26 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The extensive use of asbestos in industrial goods and
in products of wide consumption and the spread of oc-
cupational diseases, especially asbestosls and tumors
connected with the excessive effect of asbestos fibers
in the air, have served as an impetus in the last ten
years in many countries for numerous studies to leam
men! of standards and environmental control. Met).
ods of enumeration and characterization of the effect
of inhaled asbestos fibers used In different countries
differ significantly from each other, making it extremely
difficult or generally Impossible to compare and ex-
change seemingly similar data. The significance of
studies conducted throughout the world on asbestos
would be much greater If the same means of sampling,
enumeration and characterization of the effect of in-
naled asbestos fibers were used. This would make it
Possible to exchange information among countries
and create a common data bank, thereby increasing
the volume, reliability and usefulness of Information.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materials, * Indus-
Wai medicine, Occupational diseases, Dust, Silicate
minerals, Evaluation, Translations, USSR, Recom-
mendations, Industrial atmospheres, Industrial hy-
giene, Fibers, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Air sampling. Occupational safety and health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Toxic substances.
PB-259 701-T PC A02/MF A01
JnvMUgatlon of the Combustion of Fuel Oil with a
Vanadium-Containing Ash (iMledovanle Szhlgan-
jya Mazuta s Vanadllaoderzhashchtl Zolol),
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. N. Abramov, S. I. Ofitserov, and V. I. Khmyrov. 1971,
22pEPA-TR-76-711
Trans, of Problemy Teploenergetikl I Prikladnoi Teplofl-
SW (USSR) n7 p9-19 1971. (PC A02/MF A01)
Experience In the industrial operation of boiler units
•nd gas turbines, which run on heavy fuel oil, shows
"tat the available research on the composition of the
**n residue contained In heavy fuel oil, on the effect of
**parate components on the melting point of the ash,
*nd the residue's ability to form deposits and cause
corrosion of materials, does not make It possible to un-
equivocally judge the effect of various factors on the
Process of formation of deposits and the intensity of
corrosion. Analysis of the data available In the lltera-
»f» wows that, at present, the regularity of behavior
°> the elements of the ash residue In a gas flow, and
Particularly the dependence of the properties of the
•*i residue on the operating conditions of the com-
oystion chamber, have been studied to an insufficient-
ly complete extent. It is well-known that vanadium is
one of the most active elements of ash residue, insofar
« corrosion and deposits are concerned. Therefore,
only the behavior of vanadium Is examined In the
Present study. This report established that there exists
•We definite dependence between the conditions in
«w combustion zone, the degree of completion of the
™">up process of the fuel particles, and the composi-
F°n of the aah residue: the more completely the fuel
™"ied in the zone of high temperature, the less vana-
jjujn in the ash residue and the less danger of the for-
"jwton of deposits and the appearance of high-tem-
wature (vanadium) corrosion.
*Alr pollution, 'Vanadium oxides, 'Ash
'Combustion products, Fuel oil, Flue gases.
gases. Boilers, Diesel fuels, Chemical reac-
ranslations, USSR, Fossil-fuel power plants.
. - PC A02/MF A01
hS2ho|oflleal Changes In Animal Viscera During
of Low Concentrations of Areenlc TrC
ij**onmemal Protection Agency, Research Triangle
C "f-N-C. Translation Services Section.
n£ Jlkmulllna, E. N. Panycheva, and I. S.
3?Mn*hteln. 1 971 , 6p EPA-TR-75-71
i2"». Or mono. MorfotogichesWe Izmenenlya vo Vnu-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
charges. Nevertheless, we must note that international
standards lack recommendations concerning detailed
quantitative and qualitative testing of individual organic
materials in this complex. This Is demanded by the
principles and methodological basis of Soviet water
law which, founded on hygienic standardization, re-
quires not only the quantitative characteristics of the
total content of contaminants, but also quantitative
and qualitative evaluation of individual components in
this complex
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Adsorption, 'Water
analysis, Water pollution, Drinking water, Charcoal,
•Activated charcoal, Translations, USSR, 'Water pol-
lution detection.
PB-269 733-T PC A10/MF A01
Study of Environmental Impact and Environmen-
tal Damage from City Traffic - Noise and Exhaust
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Ing. Plassman. 1973,205p EPA-TR-102-7Sf
Trans, of an unidentified German mono.
The first objective was to determine the emission load
from vehicular exhaust gases. This partial objective
was based primarily on the surveys of the Cologne
emission register performed in the state of North
Rhine - Westfalia. As a second objective, immission
measurements were performed in selected streets of
the city of Cologne. By using a computer analysis, the
relation between vehicular emissions and the resulting
Immlsslons was determined, taking the various wind
conditions into consideration. In the second part of the
study, the costs of reducing the emissions of vehicles
were determined by means of an inquiry in the auto-
mobile industry.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
'Urban transportation, Municipalities, West Germany,
Sources, Exhaust emissions, Correlations, Measure-
ment, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides. Sulfur dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Air
pollution abatement, Vehicles, Cost analysis, Transla-
tions, Automobile exhaust, *Cologne(West Germany).
PB-269 763-T PC A07/MF A01
Investigation of the Environmental Impact and
Environmental Damage from City Traffic • NolM
and Exhauet Oases. Partial Study 11.3. Determina-
tion of the Economic Coat* of the Stress from
Automobile Exhaust Ga»e» and the Proportion of
their Marginal Cost,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Rainer Willeke, and E. A. Marburger. 1973,141 p EPA-
TR-75-102h
Trans, of mono. Untersuchung der Umwettbelaesti-
gung und Umweltschaedigung durch den Strassenver-
kehr in Stadtgebieten - Laerm und Abgase, Cologne,
May73.(PCA07/MFA01)
The report presents a determination of the economic
costs to the urban environment of the stress from
automobile exhaust gases, and the proportion of their
marginal cost for both individual vehicles and the
entire vehicle population in the German Federal Re-
public.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Exhaust
gases, 'Foreign countries, West Germany, Environ-
mental impacts, Noise pollution, Sources, Damage,
Economic impact, Cost analysis, Economic models,
Economic analysis, Data acquisition. Diurnal vari-
ations, Methodology, Traffic, Motor vehicles.
PB-269 764/9 PCA11/MFA01
Federal Energy Administration, Washington, D.C.
Study of the Feasibility of a Regional Solid Waete
Derived Fuel System In the Tenneeeee Valley Au-
thority Service Area.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power Re-
search Staff.
Jul 76,229p PRS-8, FEA/G-76/460
Sponsored in part by Federal Energy Administration,
Washington, D.C. and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
An evaluation of the feasibility of the economics of es-
tablishing a resource recovery system In the TVA
region is presented. This system would consist of col-
lecting, transporting and processing of the municipal
solid waste: (1) processing municipal solid waste and
burning the fuel fraction with coal in a conventional
TVA power boiler modified for that purpose and (2)
converting municipal solid waste to a synthesis gas
with subsequent conversion to fuel grade methanol for
use in TVA s gas turbines modified to accept such a
fuel.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
'Reclamation, Carblnols, Feasibility, Fuels, Manufac-
tured gas, Collection, Transportation, Storage, Materi-
als handling, Cost estimates, Boilers, Design, Electric
power plants, Management planning, Economic analy-
sis, Gas turbines, 'Refuse derived fuels, Waste trans-
fer stations, Methanol.
PB-259 772/2 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Pelican Lake, Bottlneau County, North Dakota.
Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 76,24p Working Paper-574
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pelican Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates. Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Bottineau CoumyfNorth
Dakota).
PB-259 774/6 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Metlgoshe (South Basin), Bottlneau County,
North Dakota. Final rept 1974.
National Eutrqphication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Metlgoshe, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophlca-
tion, 'Water quality data, Bottineau County(North
Dakota).
Oct 76,23p Working Paper-573
Prepared in cooperation with E
PB-269 776/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Splrftwood Lake, Stutsman County, North Dakota.
Final rept 1974.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 76,29p Working Paper-576
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Spiritwood Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophlca-
tion, 'Water quality data, Stutsman CountyJNorth
Dakota).
PB-259 782/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Dlv.
Procedures for Evaluating Operations of Ambient
Air Monitoring Networks - A Manual,
URS Research Co., San Mateo, Calif.
Ruth W. Shnider, and Edwin S. Shapiro. Aug 76,92p
EPA/600/4-76/043
Contract EPA-68-03-0473
This manual is designed to evaluate the efficiency of
ambient air monitoring networks whose primary objec-
tive Is to document compliance with or progress
toward attaining ambient air quality standards. The
manual provides methods to evaluate the efficiency of
each of six operational areas: Network Plan and
Design, Personnel Qualifications, Facilities and Equip-
ment, Sampling and Analysis, Quality Assurance, and
Data Utilization. A technique is presented for the over-
all integrated evaluation of the operational areas. A
final section provides methods to evaluate the efficien-
cy of budgetary allocations.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, Manuals, Air pollution, Site
surveys, Experimental design, Instruments,
Tables(Data), Operations, Oxidants, Personnel man-
agement, Gas analysis, Particles, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Photochemical reac-
tants, 'Procedures, Air quality standards, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB-259 802/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tions Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 2. Methodology for a
Study of the Economic Impacts of Sulfur Oxide
Regulations In Ohio.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Va.
3 Sep 76,32p' EPA/905/5-76/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4101
(PCA03/MFA01)
Also available in set of 11 reports as PB-259 800-SET,
PC E99/MF E99.
This report provides an overview of the study method-
ology, Illustrates the depth of analysis contained in the
study, and provides a summary of the methodological
content of succeeding study documents.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact,
'lnflatlon(Economics), 'Ohio, Electric utilities, Indus-
tries, Regulations, Legislation, Economic surveys,
Costs, Prices, Coal, Electricity, Fuel consumption,
Data acquisition, 'Inflationary impact statements. In-
dustrial sector, Implementation air pollution planning
program.
PB-269 803/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tion* Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 3. Financial Impact of
the Proposed and Revised Sulfur Dioxide Regula-
tion* In the State of Ohio.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
27 Aug 78,74p' EPA/905/5-76/003A
Contract EPA-66-01-2803
(PCA04/MFA01)
Also available In set of 11 reports as PB-259 800-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
This report and its technical appendix present the
direct financial effects of proposed sulfur dioxide regu-
lations on the electric power consumers and the elec-
tric utility industry in Ohio. The impact analysis Includes
engineering cost studies of air pollution control equip-
ment and least-cost optimization of compliance strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact
'lnflatlon(Economics), 'Ohio, Electric utilities, House-
holds, Legislation, Regulations, Air pollution control
equipment, Economic analysis, Cost analysis, Financ-
28 Vol. 83, No. 23
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ing, Operating costs, Maintenance, Eng
•Inflationary impact statements, Residential "sector,
Implementation air pollution planning program.
PB-269 804/3 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tion* Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agtncy for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 3. Technical Appendix.
Financial Impact of the Propoaed and Revised
Sulfur Dioxide Regulations In the State of Ohio.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
27 Aug 76, 340p* EPA/905/6-76/003B
Contract EPA-68-01 -2803
(PCA15/MFA01)
Also available in set of 1 1 reports as PB-2S9 800-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
This report and its technical appendix present the
direct financial effects of proposed sulfur dioxide regu-
lations on the electric power consumers and the elec-
tric utility Industry In Ohio. The Impact analysis Includes
engineering coat studies of air pollution control equip-
ment and least-cost optimization of compliance strate-
gies. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic Impact,
Inflatlon(Economlcs), *0hlo, Electric utilities, Regula-
tions, Legislation, Economic analysis, Cost analysis,
Engineering costs, Economic surveys, Operating
costs, Maintenance, Air pollution control equipment,
Computerized simulation, Forecasting, 'Inflationary
Impact statements, Implementation air pollution plan-
ning program.
PB-269 805/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tion* Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency tor Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 4. Industry Impact Anal-
yst* Statement on Sulfur Oxide Regulation* for
Ohio.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
16 Sep 76, 1 50p* EPA/905/5-76/004
Contract EPA-68-01-4101
(PCA07/MFA01)
Also available In set of 1 1 reports as PB-259 800-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
This report presents the evaluation of the economic
impact of the sulfur oxide regulations in Ohio focused
on 302 manufacturing plants and institutional estab-
lishments. Of the plants reviewed three-quarters of the
plants were boilers while the remainder were general
process fuel burners such as cement plants, chemical
processes and fuel gas burning industrial processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact,
Inflation(Economics), 'Ohio, Industrial plants, Indus-
tries, Chemical Industry, Iron and steel Industry, Metal
industry, Rubber Industry, Paper Industry, Boilers, Gas
burners. Economic analysis, Cost analysis, 'Inflation-
ary Impact statements, Implementation air pollution
planning program, Cement industry, Sulfurlc acid In-
dustry.
PB-269 806/8 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tions Promulgated by the US. EnvlronmenUIPro-
Iwtton Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
study Document Number 5. Energy Impact Anaty-
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
16 Sep 76, 29p' EPA/905/5-78/005
Jgr**Ct EPA-68-01 -4101
--
(PCA04/MFA01)
o available in s
trol efforts. The Impacts on energy production both
within and outside Ohio are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic Impact,
'lnflation(Economlcs), 'Ohio, Fuel consumption, Elec-
tric power plants, Industrial plants, Industries, Electric
utilities, 'Inflationary impact statements, Implementa-
tion air pollution planning program.
PB-259 807/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tions Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 6. Control Strategy Se-
lection and Cost Eatlmate* for Utilities.
Energy end Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Va.
23 Sep 76,77p* EPA/905/5-76/006
Contract EPA/68-01-4101
(PCA05/MFA01)
Also available In set of 11 reports as PB-259 SOO-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
This report presents a summary of the methodology
used to estimate control strategies selected by the util-
ities and associated costs of Implementing these strat-
±s. Cost minimization models are discussed along
the mix of controls that might be expected to
result in compliance. Capital and annual costs are pre-
sented as pan of the sensitivity analysis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic Impact,
•Inflation(Economlcs), 'Ohio, Electric utilities, Electric
power plants, Regulations, Legislation, Flue gases,
Coal, Cost analysis, 'Inflationary impact statements,
Implementation air pollution planning program, Low
sulfur coal.
PB-259 808/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tions Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 7. Control Strategy and
Industry Coat Minimization.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Va.
16 Sep 76,38p' EPA/905/5-76/007
Contract EPA-68-01-4101
(PCA03/MFA01)
Also available In set of 11 reports as PB-259 800-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
This document presents the methods used for estimat-
ing costs of compliance and choice of control strate-
gies for industry, and outlining the cost minimizing
strategies which provide the basis for estimating Im-
pacts.
cost estimates, alternative methods of control, and
procedures by which costs for each method are deter-
mined. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: *Alr pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact,
'lnflation(Economlcs), 'Ohio, Electric utilities, Electric
power plants, Fossil-fuel power plants, Flue gases,
Coal preparation, Regulations, Legislation, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Boilers, Revisions, Cost analy-
sis, 'Inflationary Impact statements, Implementation
air pollution planning program, Coal fired power plants.
PB-269 810/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tion* Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 9. Estimation of Costa
Applying Proposed Ohio S02 Regulation* to In-
dustrial Processes and Nonutlllty Fuel Combus-
tion Sources. Final rept.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
10 Aug 76,79p* EPA/905/5-76/009
Contract EPA/68-02-1323
(PCA05/MFA01)
Also available In set of 11 reports as PB-259 SOO-SET,
PC E99/MF E99.
This report provides basic data on control alternatives
and their costs for Industry, including process sources,
fuel combustion processes, and fossil fuel combustion
for steam generation, the latter including nonutillty boil-
ers. Data are provided at the stack and boiler levels
and Include such factors as fuel type, fuel consump-
tion, and design firing rate. In addition, cost algorithms
for flue gas desulfurlzatton and Industry specific proc-
ess controls are Included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact,
'lnflatlon(Economlcs), 'Ohio, Industries, Industrial
plants, Steel mills, Chemical Industry, Sulfuric acid, Pe-
troleum refineries, Boilers, Flue gases, Steam gener-
ators, Cost analysis, Regulations, Legislation, Fossil
• • - jet statements, Imple-
) program, Sulfuric acid
fuels, Coal, 'Inflationary Impact statements, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning |
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides, (PCA04/MF ADD
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic impact, Also available In set of 11
•Inflation(Economics), -Ohio, Industries, Industrial PCE99/MFE99
plants, Flue gases, Steel plants, Petroleum refineries,
Chemical plants, Sulfuric acid, Economic analysis,
Cost analysis, 'inflationary Impact statements, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning program.
plants.
PB-259 811/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tion* Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 10. Coal Prices Used In
Study of Economic Impacts of Sulfur Oxide Regu-
lations In Ohio.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Va.
11 Sep 76,64p' EPA/906/5-76/010
Contract EPA-68-01-4101
reports as PB-259 SOO-SET,
This report presents as input data estimates of deliv-
ered coal price* to Ohio by sulfur content, especially
the estimated price premium for low sulfur over high
sulfur coal. Described are recent coal price trends in
available in set of 1 1 reports as PB-259 800-SET,
report highlights any expected changes in the pat-
of fuel consumption and Identifies the effects of
wiergy penalties which result from sulfur dioxide con-
PB-259 809/2 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Study of the Economic Impact of Sulfur Regula-
tions Promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Ohio on August 27, 1976.
Study Document Number 8. Cost Estimates of
Various Sulfur Dioxide Strategies for Selected
Ohio Utility Power Plant*.
PEDCo-Envlronmental Specialists, Inc. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Jun 76,293p' EPA/905/5-76/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3160
(PCA13/MFA01)
Also available In set of 11 reports as PB-259 800-SET.
PC E99/MF E99.
This report provides basic data on pollution control al-
ternatives and their costs for utilities, Including plant
specific parameters which influence costs, Identifica-
tion of components Included In capital and operating
terms of appropriateness for the regulatory compli-
ance by Ohio coal users.
Keywords: *Alr pollution abatement, 'Sulfur oxides,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Economic Impact,
'lnflatlon(Economlca), 'Ohio, Electric utilities, Fossil-
fuel power plants, Electric power plants, Coal, Trans-
portation, Regulations, Legislation, Cost analysis,
Prices, Trends, 'Inflationary impact statements, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning program, Low sulfur
coal, High sulfur coal.
PB-289 814/Z PC A03/MF A01
CorvalNs Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Ashtabula, Barn** and Qrigg* Counties,
North Dakota. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Sep 76, 44p Working Paper-5&
Prepared In cooperation wtth Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
December 1983 28
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Ashtabula, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Barnes CountyfNorth
Dakota), Griggs County(North Dakota).
PB-2S9 842/3 PC A21/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nebraska, Water Year,
1975. Water-data rept. (Annual), 1 Oot 74-30 Sep 75.
Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebr. Water Resources
Div.
Jul 76,481 p USGS/WRD/HD-76/30, USGS/WDR/
NE-75/1
Prepared in cooperation with Nebraska Dept. of Water
Resources, Lincoln, Nebraska Natural Resources
Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Con-
servation and Survey Div., and Corps of Engineers,
Washington, D.C.
Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Ne-
braska consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in
wells and springs. The report contains discharge
records for 140 gaging stations; stage and contents for
9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 43 gaging sta-
tions, 22 ungaged stations, 29 partial-record flow sta-
tions, and 173 wells; and water levels for 66 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 115 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 26 low-flow partial-record stations.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating state and Federal agencies in Ne-
braska.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Water
quality, 'Nebraska, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow.
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Water
levels, 'Peak discharge, 'Hydrologic data.
PB-259 856/3 PC A02/MF A01
The Extent of Shortages for Chlorine and Other
Water Sanitation Chemicals. Summary rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air and Water Programs.
Frank A. Bell, Jr., Harold M. Scott, Lehn J. Potter, and
James E. Warren. Apr 74,18p EPA/430/9-74/012
(PCA02/MFA01)
Since June 1973 there have been a series of outage/
shortage incidents for chlorine at water supply and
wastewater utilities. Many other water treatment
chemical shortages have also been reported. Relevant
to this, the Environmental Protection Agency was re-
quested to conduct a survey through its regional of-
fices to determine the full extent of the problem. This
report was prepared in response to these requests. It
summarizes all of the reported outage/shortage Inci-
dents since June 1973 as well as the reports received
in the January 1974 survey of the regional offices.
Keywords: 'Water treatment chemicals, 'Shortages,
'Sewage treatment 'Chlorine, Surveys, Sodium car-
bonates, Calcium oxides. Sodium hydroxide.
PB-259 857/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Analysis of the Uranium Fuel
Cycle. Part IV. Supplementary Analysis: 1976.
Office of Radiation Programs. Washington, D.C.
Jul 76,145p EPA/520/4-76/017
See also PB-235 806.(PC A07/MF A01)
The EPA recently completed a technical review of the
uranium milling industry as part of an overall analysis
of the uranium fuel cycle, this review included a de-
scription of the milling process, estimations of radioac-
tive effluent releases, radiological impact health ef-
fects impact and the costs and effectiveness of con-
trol technologies for mills. An analysis of the tailings
piles associated with mills was also included. This
review was prepared In support of EPA's proposed
standards for the nuclear fuel cycle. This report con-
tains an extensive review of the costs and the effec-
tiveness of various control technology systems for ura-
nium mills and mill tailings piles.
Keywords: 'Nuclear fuel cycles, 'Uranium, 'Environ-
mental surveys, 'Comminution, Nuclear fuel reproc-
essing, Radioactive waste processing, Effluents, Cost
effectiveness, Radiation hazards, Tailings, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control.
PB-259 858/9 PC A02/MF A01
A Quid* to the Interstate Carrier Water Supply
Certification Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Water Supply.
Jun 75,25p EPA/520/9-74/024
(PCA02/MFA01)
The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible
for certifying water supplies serving interstate carriers.
Federal authority for certifying water supplies comes
from the Interstate Quarantine Regulations to prevent
the spread of communicable disease. To accomplish
this goal, the Public Health Service Drinking Water
Standards--1962, were adopted. A Guide to the Inter-
state Carrier Water Supply Certification Program, writ-
ten June 21, 1971, to aid in the Interpretation of the
Drinking Water Standards, was accepted by the EPA
Regions. Since then, however, modifications have oc-
curred in the EPA organizational structure, the Inter-
pretation of the Standards, and the EPA reporting
forms. This revised Guide reflects the modifications
and replaces the 1971 Guide.
Keywords: 'Common carriers, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Regulations, 'Potable water, Criteria, Require-
ments, Handbooks, Classifications, Methodology, Poli-
cies, Interstate transportation, Definitions, Surveys,
Public health, 'Certification.
PB-259 859/7 PC A02/MF A01
Supplement to Federal Guidelines: Design, Oper-
ation, and Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment
Facilities. Wastewater Treatment Ponds. Technical
bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Mar 74,18p EPA/430/9-74/011
See also PB-215 494.(PC A02/MF A01)
This Bulletin presents technical information which will
be used by Environmental Protection Agency Regional
Administrators to review grant applications Involving
wastewater treatment ponds.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, Design criteria, Aeration, Photosynthesis,
Oxygen, Algae, Performance, Disinfection, Filtration,
Sand filters, Land use, Irrigation, Coagulation, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
Sewage Irrigation.
PB-259 860/5 PC A02/MF A01
16N Skyshlne Survey at a 2400 MW(t) Nuclear
Power Plant,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
C. R. Phillips, W. M. Lowder, C. B. Nelson, S. T.
Windham, and J. E. Partridge. Dec 75,25p EPA/520/
5-75/018
(PCA02/MFA01)
A field study was executed to determine environmental
levels, distribution, and composition of turbine-contrib-
uted 16N gamma radiation from an operating boiling
water reactor electric generating plant. Exposure
measurements made with Pressurized lonization
Chambers (PIC's) at several distances and In several
directions from the turbine building Indicated that 16N
'skyshine' rather than direct gamma exposures con-
tributed the major portion of environmental exposures.
Power level and distance dependencies were deter-
mined and a predictive model indicated that a distance
of 500 meters and a power level of 801 MW(e) would
yield a dose rate of 10 mrad/yr.
Keywords: 'Boiling water reactors, 'Nitrogen isotopes,
'Radiation hazards, Radiation measuring instruments,
Gamma rays, Dose rate, Site surveys, 'Nitrogen 16.
PB-259 870/4 PC A12/MF A01
Projections of Economic Activity for Air Quality
Control Regions,
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C.
Alan J. Hoffman. Aug 73,273p
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.(PC A12/MF A01)
This report presents projections of economic activity
and population for 242 of the Nation's Federal air qual-
ity control regions (AQCR's). Historical data are pre-
sented for 1962,1968,1969,1970, and projected data
are tabulated for 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and
2000.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Regions, 'Eco-
nomic forecasting, Projection, Reliability, Methodolo-
gy, Economic factors, Economic surveys, Gross na-
tional product, Income, Industries, Populations,
Tables(Data), 'Air quality maintenance, 'Air quality
control regions.
PB-259 872/0 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Oiv.
Denver Air Pollution Study • 1973. Proceedings of
a Symposium. Volume I. Final rept. Jan 74-Jun 76,
Denver Research Inst, Colo.
Philip A. Russell. Jun 76,234p EPA/600/9-76/007a
Grant EPA-R-980590
EPA, university, and private researchers conducted a
study of Denver's urban plume during the month of No-
vember 1973. The objective of the study was to char-
acterize the pollutants that cause the appearance of
the visible colored haze, the so called 'Brown Cloud',
which frequently occurs over Denver during the fall
and winter months. Gaseous and aerosol pollutants,
and meteorological parameters were measured peri-
odically under selected conditions. In March 1975, a
symposium was held to present and discuss the re-
sults of this study. This report, volume 1, contains im-
portant research papers given at the symposium. The
papers cover local windflow patterns; Lidar observa-
tions; Aitken, cloud, and ice nuclei concentrations; and
hydrocarbon analyses.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
'Meetings, Municipalities, Colorado, Urban areas,
Haze, Meteorological data, Color, Autumn, Winter, Re-
search, Sources, Wind(Meteorology),
Clouds(Meteorology), Hydrocarbons, Air flow, Optical
radar, 'Denver(CoTorado), Causal analysis.
PB-259 873/8 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Survey of Marian County Reservoir -
Nebraska. August 1969,
National Field Investigations Center-Cincinnati, Ohio.
Nelson A. Thomas, and Allen M. Lucas. 1970,22p
(PCA02/MFA01)
The report describes investigations conducted August
8-9,1969, on Harlan County Reservoir, Nebraska, and
the Republican River. The report indicated excellent
water quality both upstream and downstream from the
reservoir.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, ' Harlan County Reser-
voir, Surveys, Plankton, Algae, Oxygen, Sampling, Re-
publican River, Primary biological productivity, Nebras-
ka,'Water quality data.
PB-259 874/6 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Survey of Wilson Reservoir - Saline
River, Kansas, August 1970,
National Field Investigations Center-Cincinnati, Ohio.
Water Sciences Branch.
Allen M.Lucas. 1971.18p
(PCA02/MFA01)
The report covers a biological survey of Wilson Reser-
voir, Kansas, and adjacent reaches of the Saline River
for 1970. Objectives of this study were to assess bio-
logical conditions in the reservoir and to determine the
effects of the Impoundment on 'the aquatic life down-
stream from the reservoir.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Saline River, 'Wilson
Reservoir, Surveys, Temperature,
Concentration(Composition), Oxygen, Dissolved
30 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gases. Aquatic animals, Primary biological productivity.
Algae, Plankton, Tables(Data), Kansas, 'Water quality
data.
PB-259 877/9 PC A04/MF A01
Slack Placement In the Lee of a Mountain Ridge:
A Wind Tunnel Study. Fluid modeling rept. no. 2,
Jan-Jun 75,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Alan H. Huber, William H. Snyder, Roger S. Thompson,
and Robert E. Lawson, Jr. Sep 76, 55p EPA/600/4-
76/047
An investigation of the highly turbulent region in the lee
of a two-dimensional mountain ridge was carried out in
the Meteorological Wind Tunnel of the U.S. EPA's
Fluid Modeling Facility. This highly turbulent region
was found to consist of a large semi-permanent eddy.
Smoke visualization and hot film anemometry meas-
urements showed that the cavity size and shape are
minimally affected by the thickness and turbulence in-
tensity of the approach boundary layer flow. In addi-
tion, the cavity size and shape were not found to be af-
fected by the detailed shape of the ridge, but were
strongly dependent upon the upwind terrain and the
gross features (angles) of the downslope.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric motion, 'Tur-
bulence, 'Plumes, 'Mountain ridges, Surface rough-
ness, Terrain models, Experimental design, Wind tun-
nels.
PB-259 889-T PC A02/MF A01
Cyclone-Electrothermal Methods of Processing
Copper and Polymetalllc Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Onaev. 1968,21p EPA-TR-73-436A
Trans, of mono. Tslklonno-Elektrotermicheskie Spo-
soby Pererabotki Mednogo I Polimetallicheskogo
Syrya, Alma-Ata, 1968 p 18-34.
The results of theoretical studies of cyclone smelting
of sulflde concentrates are also Included. Structural
features of a cyclone facility tor direct-flow and sepa-
rated outflow of the smelting products and of gas are
described. Technological characteristics are given for
smelting of copper concentrates of Central Kazakh-
stan, Industrial concentration products of the lead-zinc
ores, and oxidized materials.
Keywords: 'Smelting, 'Electric furnaces, 'Fluldized
bed processors, Copper ores, Lead ores, Zinc ores,
Translations, USSR.
PB-259 890-8ET PC E14
Environmental Reports Summaries.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,1057p-ln4v
Set includes PB-259 891 thru PB-259 894.
No abstract available.
PB-259 891/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Reports Summaries. Volume 1.
Africa, Asia, Australia. September through June
•978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,194p
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-259 890-
SET.
Since 1972 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has been collecting foreign environmental publications
under a series of exchanges with national and Interna-
tional organizations. English language summaries of
these and other documents relating to foreign environ-
mental developments appear in trie monthly publica-
tion 'Summaries of Foreign Government Environmen-
tal Reports,' which is available in the EPA Regional
and Laboratory Libraries and may also be obtained
from NTIS on a subscription basis. This report Is Issued
In four volumes. Volume 1 covers Africa, Asia and Aus-
tralia. Under each continent heading summaries are
listed by country arranged In alphabetical order. Within
each country breakdown summaries are made of laws
and regulations, legislation, national control organiza-
tion activities, and activities In specific program areas.
Materials are documented from Algeria, Botswana,
Central African Republic, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius,
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta,
Zaire, Zambia, Red China, Mainland China, Cyprus,
Hong Kong, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Kuwait,
Malaysia, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand and Australia.
Keywords: 'Technical reports, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Africa, 'Asia, 'Australia, Regulations, Legisla-
tion, Projects, Organizations, Air pollution abatement,
Water pollution abatement, Noise pollution, Land use,
Pesticides, Radiation, Solid waste disposal, Toxicol-
ogy, Summarizing, Foreign countries.
PB-259 892/8 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Reports Summaries. Volume 2.
North America, South America. September 1972
through June 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,140p
See also Volume 1, PB-259 891.
Also available In set of 4 reports, PC E14, PB-259 890-
SET.
Volume 2 of a four volume series that summarizes for-
eign environmental reports deals with programs and
regulations in Bermuda, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondu-
ras, Jamaica, Mexico, Trinidad, Tobago, Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uru-
guay, and Venezuela. Since 1972 the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency has been collecting these
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'North America,
'South America, 'Technical reports, Foreign coun-
tries, Air pollution abatement, Water pollution abate-
ment, Noise pollution, Land use, Pesticides, Radiation,
Solid waste disposal, Toxicology, Legislation, Regula-
tions, Organizations, Projects, Summarizing.
PB-259 893/6 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Reports Summaries. Volume 3.
Europe (Albania - Greece). September 1972
through June 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,419p
See also Volume 2, PB-259 892.
Also available in set of 4 reports, PC E14, PB-259 890-
SET.
Volume 3 of a four volume series that summarizes for-
eign environmental reports covers materials from Al-
bania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, Finland, France, East Germany, West Ger-
many, Great Britain, and Greece.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Europe, 'Techni-
cal reports. Foreign countries, Summarizing. Organiza-
tions, Projects, Air pollution abatement, Water pollu-
tion abatement. Noise pollution, Land use, Pesticides,
Radiation, Solid waste disposal, Toxicology.
PB-259 894/4 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Reports Summaries. Volume 4.
Europe (Hungary • Yugoslavia). September 1972
through June 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,304p
See also Volume 3, PB-259 893.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-259 890-
SET.
The concluding volume in a four volume series of for-
eign environmental reports contains materials from
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxem-
burg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, and Yu-
goslavia.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Europe, 'Techni-
cal reports, Foreign countries, Air pollution abatement,
Water pollution abatement, Organizations, Projects,
Pesticides, Land use, Noise pollution, Toxicology.
Regulations, Legislation, Solid waste disposal, Radi-
ation, Summarizing.
PB-259 895-T PC A02/MF A01
Cyclone-Electrothermal Methods of Processing
Copper and Polymetalllc Materials: Effect of
Some Factors on Removal of Material by Oases In
Cyclone Smelting,
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. D. Budon, and I. A. Onaev. 1968,15p EPA-TR-73-
436C
Trans, of mono. Tsiklonno-Elektrotermlcheskie Spo-
soby Pererabotki Mednogo i Polimetallicheskogo
Syrya, Alma-Ata, 1968 p57-67. See also PB-25B 712-
Thls paper describes factors which determine the re-
moval of dust by gases in cyclone smelting.
Keywords: 'Copper ores, 'Smelting, 'Electric fur-
naces, 'Fluidlzed bed processing, Dust control, Trans-
lations, USSR.
PB-259 896-T PC A02/MF A01
Cyclone-Electrothermal Methods of Processing
Copper and Polymetalllc Materials: Behavior of
Volatile Metals under Conditions of Cyclone
Smelting of Polymetalllc Sulflde Ore,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. M. Kozhakhmetov, I.I. Penzimonzh, and Z. T.
Tumarbekov. 1968,18p EPA-TR-73-436D
Trans, of mono. Tsiklonno-Elektrotermlcheskie Spo-
soby Pererabotki Mednogo i Polimetallicheskogo
Syrya, Alma-Ata, 1968 pea-Si.
metallic sulflde concentrates have demonstrated the
possibility of obtaining considerable fractions of lead,
zinc, cadmium, and rare metals from their concentra-
tions in dusts and sublimates.
Keywords: 'Smelting, 'Electric furnaces, 'Fluldized
bed processors, Lead ores, Zinc ores, Cadmium,
Indium, Rhenium, Translations, USSR.
PB-259 897-T PC A02/MF A01
Cyclone-Electrothermal Methods of Processing
Copper and Polymetalllc Materials: Effect of Par-
tial Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide on the Transfer of
Copper Into Slag In the Copper - Slag - Sulfur
Dioxide System,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Z. T. Shaukenbaeva, A. N. Kviatkovskii, I. A. Onaev,
and V. N. Galuzo. 1968,14p EPA-TR-73-436E
Trans, of mono. Tsiklonno-Elektrotermlcheskle Spo-
soby Pererabotki Mednogo i PollmetalNcheskogo
Syrya, Alma-Ata, 1968 p82-91.
The authors describe results of investigations aimed at
clarifying relationships in the copper - slag - P(S02)
system In billeter Cu manufacture by the cyclone
method.
Keywords: 'Copper ores, 'Smelting, 'Electric fur-
naces, 'Fluidlzed bed processors, Sulfur dioxide, Par-
tial pressure, Translations, USSR.
PB-269 905/8 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. *
DDT Levels In Milk of Rural Indigent Blacks. Envi-
ronmental health effects research series,
Meharry Medical Coll., Nashville, Tenn. MCH/FP
Center.
Bennle T. Woodard, Bruce B. Ferguson, and David J.
Wilson. Sep 76,25p EPA/600/1-76/032
Grant EPA-R-802500
Human milk samples from low-income blacks residing
in rural Mississippi and Arkansas and middle-class
whites residing In metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee.
were analyzed for DDT and its metabolites. The mean
total DDT (DDE + DDT) whole milk concentration of
38 samples from Indigent blacks between April and
September,1974 was 447 ppb (range 59 to 1900 ppto)
and the mean of the 14 samples from Nashvilllans
during the same period was 75 ppb (range 15 to 133
ppb). Seven samples from the black population In
June-September 1976 contained a mean total DDT of
323 ppb (range 186-721 ppb). This statistically signifi-
cant difference in the DDT concentrations In the black
and white populations Indicates that the Indigent
December 1983 31
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
blacks are still highly contaminated with pesticides
even though the general use of DDT has been banned.
Due to the limited amount of Information from the
donors, no correlation could be made between the
DDT concentration and any factors other than race or
socloeconomlc group.
Keywords: 'Negroes, *DDT, 'Milk, Indigents, Infants,
Low Income groups, Minority groups, Mississippi, Ar-
kansas, Recommendations, Contamination, Humans,
Rural areas, Socloeconomic factors, Females, Pestl-
effects(Humans), Lee County(Arkansas), Dlsadvan-
taged groups.
PB-269 906/6 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
WMtewater Sampling, Transfer and Conditioning
System. Final rept. Jun 73-Mar 75,
Raytheon Co., Portsmouth, R.I. Submarine Signal Div.
Louis S. DiCola. Oct 76,80p* EPA/600/2-76/146
Contract EPA-68-03-0250
(PCA05/MFA01)
This report describes the construction and field evalu-
ation of an automatic on-line hardware system for reli-
ably sampling, transferring, and conditioning various
wastewater-treatment process streams such that the
resulting transferred and conditioned samples are suit-
able for Interfacing with automatic on-line colorimetric
and total organic carbon analyzers. Process streams
to which this hardware system was sucessfully applied
included raw sewage, primary effluent, secondary ef-
fluent, aeration tank mixed liquor, and return activated
sludge. Primary sludge could not be sampled at the
field-testing site because the sludge had become too
thick at Its only feasible access point. Analytical pa-
rameters used to evaluate the hardware system in-
cluded both total and soluble organic carbon, ortho-
phosphate, total hydrolyzable phosphate, and ammo-
nia nitrogen. Nitrate and nitrite were not included; how-
ever, the hardware system's performance with the
soluble parmeters studied indicate that nitrate and ni-
trite should present no special difficulties.
Keywords: 'Sewage, 'Chemical analysis, Carbon,
Phosphates, Continuous sampling, Automation, Field
tests, Colorimetry, Waste water, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Effluents, Samplers, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Laboratory equipment, Process con-
trol, In plant processing.
PB-269 907/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Restoring the Willamette Riven Costs and Im-
pacts of water Quality Control. Final rept,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Water Resources Re-
search Inst.
E. Scott Huff, Peter C. Kllngeman, Herbert H.
Stoevener, and Howard F.Horton. Sep 76,175p EPA/
600/5-76/005
Contract EPA-68-01-2671
The means by which the water quality of the Willam-
ette River has been upgraded over the past four dec-
ades are documented. Two strategies -point-source
wastewater treatment and flow augmentation from a
network of federal reservoirs-have been responsible
for this Improvement in water quality. The series of tac-
tics employed in gradually reducing point-source waste
discharges are documented. Coincident water quality
benefits which have resulted from flow augmentation
for other purposes are also discussed. The economic
and energetic costs of constructing, operating, and
maintaining the facilities which have significantly con-
tributed to the Improvement of water quality in the Wil-
lamette River and its tributaries over the last half cen-
tury are examined. Data are presented regarding the
construction and operation of municipal collection and
treatment systems, Industrial water pollution abate-
ment facilities, and reservoirs. Input-output economics
and a methodology for converting dollar costs to direct
and total energy requirements are used to deal with
construction and operational costs. Operation and
maintenance expenditures are also dealt with on the
basis of direct at-site requirements. Energy needs for
operating water quality control facilities are about one-
tenth of one percent of total basin energy utilization.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Economic analysis, 'Willamette River, Flow
control, Improvement, Construction costs, Operating
costs, Environmental impacts, Expenses, Savings, De-
mography, Fishes, Wildlife, Tables(Data), Oregon,
'Flow augmentation.
PB-259 908/2 PC A2S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
The Effect of Automotive Fuel Conservation
Measures on Air Pollution. Final rept.,
Charles River Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Robin Landis. Sep 76,598p* CRA-218, EPA/600/5-
76/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -2481
(PCA25/MFA01)
A number of policies have been designed to reduce
gasoline consumption by automobiles, including: gaso-
line rationing; increases in the federal excise tax on
gasoline; excise taxes on new cars, in Inverse propor-
tion to their fuel economy; and regulations to set mini-
mum levels on average fuel economy of new cars. This
study is addressed to the Impact on fuel consumption
by automobiles and by other competing modes of
transportation, if different levels of these policies are
put Into effect and the Impact these policies would
have on emissions and concentrations of automotive
pollutants.
Keywords: 'Fuel management, 'Energy policy, 'Air
pollution abatement, 'Government policies, Energy
conservation, Automobiles, Fuel consumption, Gaso-
line, Taxes, Economic analysis, Buses, Passenger
transportation, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hy-
drocarbons, Fuel economy, Regulations, Energy
demand, Forecasting, National government, Auto-
mobile exhaust, Fuel demand.
PB-259 909/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Methodologies for Countywlde Estimation of
Coal, Qas, and Organic Solvent Consumption,
Abcor, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Walden Research Div.
Joseph P. Myers, and Frank Benesh. Dec 75,207p
EPA/450/3-75/086
Contract EPA-68-02-1410
(PCA10/MFA01)
The report develops methods to estimate fuel con-
sumption information on a countywide basis for area
sources in the National Emission Data System (NEDS)
data bank. The specific elements of the NEDS file that
were considered are: Consumption by residential
sources of natural gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), an-
thracite coal, and bituminous coal; consumption by
commercial-institutional and industrial sources of natu-
ral gas, LPG, anthracite coal and bituminous coal; con-
sumption by off-highway sources and marine vessels
of gasoline; consumption by railroads of dlesel fuel;
and retail sales of gasoline.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, Natural gas, Liquid pe-
troleum gases, Coal, Gasoline, Diesel fuels, Petroleum
products, Households, Commerce, Industries, Rail-
roads, Marine transportation, Construction equipment,
Agricultural machinery, Motorcycles, Snow vehicles,
Methodologies, Data acquisition, Residential sector,
Commercial sector, Industrial sector, National Emis-
sion Data System.
PB-269 911/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Burner Criteria for NOx Control. Volume I. Influ-
ence of Burner Variables on NOx In Pulverized
Coal Flames. Final phase rept. Jun 71-Jun 74,
International Flame Research Foundation, llmulden
Netherlands).
M. P. Heap, T. M. Lowes, R. Walmsley, H. Bartelds,
and P. LeVaguerese. Mar 76,171 p EPA/600/2-76/
061a
Contract EPA-68-02-0202
The report gives results of the first phase of an Investi-
gation to specify burner design criteria to control NOx
in natural gas and pulverized coal flames. The two pa-
rameters found to have major Influence on NO forma-
tion were the method of fuel Injection and the degree
of swirl. NO formation can be controlled by optimizing
burner design parameters because Its rate of forma-
tion depends on the detailed mixing history of the fuel,
combustion air, and reclrculating combustion products.
The same parameters also dictate such flame charac-
teristics as stability, length, and luminosity. An expla-
nation of the Influence of burner parameters on pulver-
ized coal flames Is based on two assumptions: the
most significant factor of the total emission Is fuel NO,
and the emission variation depends on the fate of the
volatile nitrogen compounds. Fuel NO formation can
be reduced by ensuring that the volatile nitrogen com-
pounds react under oxygen deficient conditions. Maxi-
mum emissions occur with radial fuel Injects because
the coal Is rapidly mixed with the total air supply and
hot reclrculating products. These conditions ensure
early stable Ignition. However, fuel/air mixing pro-
motes NO formation. Conversely, NO formation can be
restricted by maintaining the fuel In a coherent axial jet
and discouraging primary/secondary mixing by sur-
rounding the fuel jet with an Ignition front. The coal
must also be delivered with the minimum amount of
primary air.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
'Burners, Combustion, Design criteria, Natural gas,.
Coal, Combustion products, Fuel Injectors, Furnaces,
Flames, Industrial wastes, Air fuel ratio, Fluldlzed bed
combustion, Stationary sources.
PB-269 912/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Commercial Feasibility of an Optimum Residential
Oil Burner Head. Final rept. Jun 75-Feb 76,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. Rocket-
dyne Div.
L. P. Combs, and A. S. Okuda. Sep 76,114p R-76-103,
EPA/600/2-76/258
Contract EPA-68-02-18S8
(PCA06/MFA01)
The report gives results of a study of the feasibility of
commercializing optimum oil burner head technology
developed earlier for EPA. The study included: select-
ing the best commercial method for fabricating opti-
mum heads; determining that prototype simulated-pro-
duction heads could reproduce an earlier research
head's beneficial results; and testing prototype heads
as retrofit devices in two commercial residential fur-
naces. A one-piece stamped and folded design was
evolved and prototype commercial heads were fabri-
cated. Research combustion chamber tests showed
these to be equivalent to the earlier research heed.
Tested as retrofit replacements for stock burner heads .
In two new warm-air oil furnaces, the prototype heads
were found to be operationally satisfactory and poten-
tially durable and long-lived. It was estimated that
widespread retrofitting of old residential units could in-
crease mean season-averaged thermal efficiency (av-
eraged over those units retrofitted) by about 5% and
simultaneously reduce NOx emissions from these
sources by about 20%. Logistics of a retrofit program,
training for service personnel, and requirements to
ensure meeting codes and standards were not re-
solved.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, 'Oil burners, Fab-
rication, Design, Combustion, Nitrogen oxides, Fuel
economy, Prototypes, Sources, Residential buildings,
Retrofit devices, Stationary sources.
PB-269 913/2 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of Liner Material! Exposed to Leach-
ate. Interim rept. no. 2, Nov 74-Nov 75,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, Calif.
Henry E. Haxo, Jr., and Richard M. White. Sep 76,67p
EPA/600/2-76/255
Contract EPA-68-03-2134
(PCA04/MFA01)
This report presents available Information covering the
first year's exposure of liner materials to sanitary land-
fill leachate. Included In the report are descriptions of
the monitoring and disassembly of the generators to
recover the liner specimens, the results of the testing
of the exposed liners, and a discussion of the results.
The year's exposure did not result In losses of Imper-
meability In any of the liners. There were losses, how-
ever, In the compressive strength of the admix liner
materials. There were some losses in the physical
properties of some of the polymeric membranes and
swelling of most of these membranes. Among the
polymeric membranes, the crystalline types of poryeth-
32 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene sustained the
least change during the year's exposure. However,
these liners, or films, are prone to puncture and tear
and are generally difficult to handle in the field. The
thermoplastic membranes, chlorinated polyethylene,
chlorosulfonated polyethylene (Hypalon), and poly-
vinyl chloride, tended to swell the most. The vulcan-
ized rubbery liner materials, e.g., butyl and EPDM,
(Ethylene propylene terpolymers) changed little during
the exposure period but had the lowest initial seam
strength.
Keywords: 'Sanitary landfills, * Solid waste disposal,
'Linings, 'Water pollution control, Plastics, Polymers,
Elastomers, Performance evaluation, Leaching, Per-
formance evaluation, Monitoring, Polyethylene, Poly-
propylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Butyl rubber, Chlorohy-
drocarbons. Soil properties, Polybutenes. Ethylene
propylene terpolymers.
PB-2S9 914/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Impact* of Advanced Wastewater
Treatment at Ely, Minnesota,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Harold Kibby, and Donald J. Hernanez. Aug 76,39p
EPA/600/3-76/092
The results presented in this report give an indication
of the pollutants that would be generated and the re-
sources consumed in operating a treatment facility
similar to the one at Ely, Minnesota. The study ana-
lyzes not only the facility itself, but also those indus-
tries that supply products to the treatment plant. It was
found that the total energy requirement of the ad-
vanced wastewater treatment plant was 50,000,000
Btu/millton gallons of water treated.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, Sludge disposal,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Calcium oxides, Carbon
dioxide, Electricity, Chlorine, Fuel oil, Assessments,
Coal, Natural gas, Crude oil, Requirements, Natural re-
sourses, Iron chlorides, Tables(Data), Minnesota,
Energy consumption, 'Ery(Minnesota), 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Tertiary treatment.
PB-259 916/7 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Dietary Subacute Toxlclty of Ethylenebiclaothlo-
cyanate Sulflde In the Laboratory Rat Interim rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Ralph I. Freudenthal. Sep 76, 35p EPA/600/1-76/030
Contract EPA-68-02- 1 71 7
(PCA03/MFA01)
Ethytenebwisothiocyanate sulfide (EBIS) was fed to
groups of rats at 0, 1 , 1 0, 1 00, and 1 000 ppm for up to
SO days. Only those rats receiving EBIS at 1000 ppm
demonstrated a toxic response to the test chemical re-
flected as a reversible paralysis of the hind legs noted
within 8 to 1 4 days. If left on the 1 000 ppm diet, the ani-
mal* soon died. When removed from the diet, the ani-
mals recovered, only to become ataxic on further di-
•tary exposure at the high level. No histologlc lesion
could be identified in either H & E or luxol fast blue
stained sections of the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral
nerve* from the paralyzed animals. The ability to re-
verse the paralysis by removing the animal* from the
t*st diet coupled with the lack of hlstologically observ-
able lesion* add* credence to a proposed biochemical
laaion. Ingestion of 1000 ppm EBIS for 7 days also re-
sulted In measurable changes in thyroid function. A no
affect level for this 90 day dietary study for EBIS Is 100
ppm In the diet, equivalent to an average intake rang-
Mgfrom 67 mo/kg body weight at week 1 to 31 mg/kg
Keyword*: 'Fungicides, 'Toxtelty, Sulfur heterocycllc
compounds, Nitrogen heterocylics with 2N, Pesticide*,
Degradation, Thyroid gland, Neoplasms, Malignant
neoplasm*, Pathology, Physiological effects, Parary-
fa. Thyroid hormones, Histology, Subtothal dosage,
IrgestlontBlotogy), Toxic tolerance*, Rat*, Laboratory
•njmal, Bioasaay, Permissible dosage, 'ImidazodHhia-
«Xe thtone/dihydro, Cancer, Hlstopathology.
PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Storm Water Management Model: Level I. Prelimi-
nary Screening Procedure*. Environmental protec-
tion technology series,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Oept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
James P. Heaney, Wayne C. Huber, and Stephen J.
Nix. Oct 76,95p EPA/600/2-76/275
Grant EPA-R-802411
(PCA05/MFA01)
This initial volume presents a 'desktop' procedure
which was developed to do a nationwide assessment
of stormwater pollution control costs. The desktop pro-
cedure permits the user to estimate the quantity and
quality of urban runoff in the combined, storm, and
unsewered portions of each urban area in his jurisdic-
tion. Using generalized results from the nationwide as-
sessment, the optimal mix of storage and treatment
and its associated costs may be estimated. Also, com-
parisons between tertiary treatment and stormwater
management are presented.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Water pollution control,
'Sewage treatment, Mathematical models, Runoff,
Combined sewers, Storage tanks, Cost estimates,
Simulation, Assessments.
PB-259 919/9 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Removal of Soluble BOD(5) In Primary Clarifler*.
Final rept. 20 Jul 74-30 Sep 75,
Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wis. Effluent
Processes Group.
George A. Dubey, Averill J. Wiley, and John W. Collins.
Sep 76,155p EPA/600/2-76/221
Grant EPA-R-803119
(PCA06/MFA01)
This project was directed to evaluating means for in-
creasing BOD removal from primary treatment sys-
tems treating pulp and paper wastes. An improved un-
derstanding of the optimal conditions for soluble and
colloidal BOD removal should permit increasing effi-
ciency in total organic removal. The initial phase sur-
veyed 12 mills to obtain data on total and soluble
BODS, COD, suspended solids and color removal from
sedimentation systems. This data was used to select
mill effluents for additional study. These laboratory
studies showed that, with proper flocculating agent*,
soluble BOD removal could be markedly Increased.
Soluble BOD was defined as that organic load passing
through a 0.45 micrometer filter. Gel chromatography
studies showed that low molecular weight biodegrada-
ble residues and colloidal materials were flocculated
and removed. Studies with model compounds Indicat-
ed that increased removal is apparently related to pH
of the solution and to functional groups, chain length,
branching and solubility of the compound. Chemical
costs may range from 3 cents to 10 cents per 1000
gallons. Cost reduction and improved claritter perform-
ance can be achieved by elimination of overflows and
spills within the mill that are antagonistic to efficient
sedimentation due to dlspersant action.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Paper Industry,
•Industrial watte treatment, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Clarrfiers, Preclpitation(Chemistry), Coagu-
lation, Flocculating, Chromatography, Cost estimates,
Suspended solids, Decoloring, Pulp mill*, Chemical
oxygen demand, Biological Industrial waste treatment.
PB-269 921-T PC A05/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Coneervatlon. Volume 9, Number 4(48) 1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,79pTT-75-54025/4
Unedited trans, of Ochrona Powletrza (Poland) v9
n4(46) 1975, by Andrzej Skup. The above journal Is
translated on a regular basis. See also volume 9,
Number 2, PB-259 920-T. Sponsored In part by Nation-
al Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Special For-
eign Currency Science Information Program.
Content*:
Dust Emission on the Premise* of the Phosphoric
Fertilizer* Plant in the Seaside Region;
Atmospheric Pollution Measurements Result*
Compared wtth the Air Quality Standard*;
The Cupola Emission Control by Wet Techniques;
A Disk Feeder for the Dustdoud Generator;
Determination of the Organic Solvent Vapors In the
Air by the Method of Gas Chromatography;
Thermal Pollution in the Upper-Silesian Industrial
Region and Its Climatic Effect;
New Technology, and Patent Review.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Organic solvents, Dust,
Chemical industry, Chemical analysis, Fertilizers, Air
pollution, Phosphates, ConcentrationfComposition),
Numerical analysis, Microscopy, News, Patents, Tech-
nological intelligence, Air pollution control equipment.
Scrubbers, Cupolas, Pilot plants, Monitoring, Gas
chromatography, Thermal pollution, Translations,
Poland, Air pollution detection, Differential thermal
analysis, Differential thermogravlmetrlc analysis, Ven-
ture scrubbers, Wet methods.
PB-259 923/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Reassessment of Nolee Concerns of Other Na-
tions. (1976). Volume I. Summary and Selected
Topic*.
Informatics. Inc.. Rockville. Md.
Carl Modlg, Ghalib Khouri, John Stepanchuk, and
George Gemy. Aug 76,265p* EPA/550/9-76/011
Contract EPA-68-01 -3115
The document presents a review of the noise abate-
ment programs of countries around the world (except
the U.S.) Including laws, regulations, guidelines, crite-
ria, research, governmental organization, plans, etc.,
with bibliography and contact addresses to facilitate
further inquiry. Also includes international organiza-
tions Involved in noise control. Both environmental and
occupational noise are covered. Topics: Community
noise, airport, aircraft, surface transportation, con-
struction noise, occupational noise, airport, aircraft,
surface transportation, construction noise, occupation-
al noise, noise from factories, noise in buildings. A
summary finds that compared to a similar 1971 review,
the U.S. has caught up, Information has increased geo-
metrically, many nations now compensate citizens for
noise from airports or roads, and noise limits in indus-
try are becoming stricter. Vol. II contains country-by-
country reviews. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Noise reduction,
'Foreign countries, Legislation, Standards, Regula-
tions, Guidelines, Aircraft noise, Noise pollution, Fac-
tories, Buildings. Transportation, Construction, Infor-
mation centers, Public health, 'Noise pollution abate-
ment, Transportation noise, Factory noise, Occupa-
tional noise, Construction noise, Noise standards.
PB-259 924/9 PC At 1/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Reaaaeaament of Nolee Concern* of Other Na-
tion*. (1978). Volume II. Country-By-Country Re-
views,
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Carl Modig, Ghalib Khouri, Hohn Stepanchuk, and
George Cerny. Aug 76,237p* EPA/550/9-76/012
Contract EPA-68-01-3115
See also Volume 1, PB-259 923.
The document presents a review of noise abatement
programs around the world (except the U.S.) including
laws, regulations, guidelines, criteria, governmental or-
ganizations, plans, research, etc., with bibliography
and contact addresses to facilitate further Inquiry.
Volume II contains country reviews of Australia, Aus-
tria, Belgium, Sweden, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Den-
mark, Finland, France, Switzerland, West Germany,
Netherlands, United Kingdom. Israel, Italy, Japan,
Norway, Poland, Soviet Union, Latin American Coun-
tries, South Africa, and Spain. (Vol. I contains a sum-
mary and a toplc-by-topic review.) Each country review
is structured around an outline: (1) national laws, regu-
lations and guidelines (occupational, emissions limits,
zoning, other), (2) provincial and local legal framework,
(3) enforcement and institutional data.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact*, 'Noise reduction,
•Foreign countries, Public health, Legislation, Stand-
ards, Regulations, Guidelines, Aircraft noise, Noise
pollution, Information center*. Factories, Buildings,
Transportation, Construction, Japan, USSR, Latin
America, South Africa, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Sweden, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Switzer-
land, West Germany, Netherlands, Great Britain.
Israel, Italy. Norway. Poland, Spain, Czechoslovakia,
'Noise pollution abatement, Transportation noise,
December 1983 33
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Factory noise, Occupational noise, Construction noise,
Noise standards.
PB-258 929/8 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
The In-vlvo Metabolism of Pentachloroanlllne In
Rhesus Monkeys. Interim rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
A. Philip Leber, and R. I. Freudenthal. Sep 76,40p
EPA/600/1-76/031
Contract EPA-68-02-1715
The metabolism of pentachloroaniline was determined
In the rhesus monkey. 14C-pentachloroaniline was
orally administered to five rhesus monkeys. Blood,
urine and feces were collected at designated times fol-
lowing dosing. The radioactive material in the biologi-
cal samples was extracted and then separated by
chromatographic procedures. The chemical structure
of the major metabolite was characterized by mass
spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spec-
trometry, using a chemically synthesized reference
standard. Radioactivity levels in the blood samples in-
dicate large variation between Individual animals with
respect to rate of absorption and time of peak plasma
radioactivity. Urinary excretion accounts for 33 to 67
percent of the administered dose while from 6 to 15
percent is excreted in the feces.
Keywords: *lsotopic labeling, 'Fungicides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Amines, Chlorine organic compounds, In vivo
analysis, Tables(Data), Rhesus monkeys, Metabolism,
Laboratory animals, Dosage, Absorption(Biology),
Physiological effects, Pesticides, Pharmacology, *Ani-
lino/pentachloro, Metabolites.
PB-259 930/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Office of Research and Development.
Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by the Alumlna-
Ume-Soda ProceM. Final rept. Aug 74-Dec 75,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
J. W. Nebgen, D. F. Weatherman, M. Valentine, and E.
P. Shea. Sep 76,105p EPA/600/2-76/206
Grant EPA-S-802816
The alumina-lime-soda process is a chemical desalina-
tion process for waters in which the principal sources
of salinity are sulfate salts and has been field tested at
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Acid Mine
Drainage Research Facility, Hollywood, Pennsylvania,
as a method to recover potable water from acid mine
drainage. The alumina-lime-soda process involves two
treatment stages. Raw water is reacted with sodium
aluminate ana lime in the first stage to precipitate dis-
solved sulfate as calcium sulfoaluminate. In the
second stage, the alkaline water (pH = 12.0) recov-
ered from the first stage is carbonated to precipitate
excess hardness. Following carbonatjon, product
water meets USPHS specifications for drinking water.
Alumina-lime-soda process economics are influenced
most by the cost of sodium aluminate.
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Water treatment, 'Water
pollution control, Calcium hydroxides,
Mines(Excavations), Demineralizing, Iron alloys, Pota-
ble water, Aluminum oxide, Operating costs, pH, Water
softening, Tables(Data), Pennsylvania, 'Mine acid
drainage, Hollywood(Pennsytvania), Sodium alumi-
nates.
PB-259 931/4 PCA11/MFA01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Ecoeystem Impact* of Urbanization Assessment
I/3-76/072
Methodology. Final rept,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Inst. of Ecology.
David L. Jameson. Jul 76,247p' EPA/600
Contract EPA-66-01-2642
Prepared in cooperation with Houston Univ., Tex.
A methodology is developed to use space-time analy-
sis and ecosystem modeling to assess the secondary
impacts of wastewater treatment facilities (i.e., urban-
ization) on the ecosystem. The existing state ol the
ecosystem is described with emphasis on the dynam-
ic, periodic, trend, and gradient processes. Ecosystem
models are used to project consequences of project
alternatives. Incremental and synergtstic effects are in-
dicated along with suggested operational adjustments
to minimize ecosystem impacts from the recommend-
ed project Ecosystem models are described and the
literature on impacts is reviewed. A case study of ur-
banization at Lake George, NY, emphasizes the use-
fulness of the components of ecosystem models by
linking units from several studies with a new model
(LAND). This new model is described and document-
ed. A case study of a new town (Woodlands, TX) indi-
cates the changes in current methodologies which are
required to adopt space-time analysis and ecosystem
modeling to the assessment of the effects of urbaniza-
tion on the ecosystem.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Site surveys, 'Environmental
impacts, 'Project planning, 'Urbanization, Alterna-
tives, Mathematical models, Primary productivity, Hy-
drology, Ecology, 'Sewage treatment plants, 'Ecosys-
tems, Case studies, Lake George(New York),
Woodlands(Texas), Synergisim, LAND mathematical
model, Space time analysis.
PB-259 932/2 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, February 1976 •
April 1976. Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, Robin M. Ross, and Helmut
Ehrensoeck. Aug 76, 320p' EPA/600/2-76/215
Grant EPA-R-803992
Sea also report dated Jul 76, PB-257 886.(PC A14/MF
A01)
The February 1976 - April 1976 Oil Spill and Oil Pollu-
tion Reports is the seventh quarterly compilation of oil
spill events and oil pollution report summaries. Pre-
sented in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill
events; (b) summaries and bibliographic literature cita-
tions; (c) summaries of current research projects; and
(d) patent summaries. This report is submitted in partial
fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-803992 by the Marine
Science Institute, University of California, Santa Bar-
bara, under the sponsorship of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies,
'Water pollution, Detection, Monitoring, Remote sens-
ing, Sampling, Evaluation, Water pollution control, Pat-
ents, Regulations, Prevention, Research projects, Ab-
stracts.
PB-259 933/0 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Simulation of Pesticide Movement on Small Agri-
cultural Watersheds. Final rept.,
ESL, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif.
Ronald T. Adams, and Frances M. Kurisu. Sep 76,
344p' EPA/600/3-76/066
Contracts EPA-68-01 -0721, EPA-68-01 -2977
Simulation of Contaminant Reactions and Movement
(SCRAM) is a computer simulation designed to predict
the movement of pesticides from agricultural lands.
SCRAM is composed of deterministic submodels
which describe the following physical processes: infil-
tration, percolation, evaporation, runoff, sediment loss,
pesticide adsorption and desorption in the soil profile,
pesticide microbial degradation in the soil profile, and
pesticide volatilization. SCRAM predictions of these
physical processes are compared to experimental
data furnished by the Southeast Environmental Re-
search Laboratory in cooperation with the Southern
Piedmont Conservation Research Center. Simulated
runoff for two small watersheds (less than 3 hectares)
near Athens, Georgia, agrees reasonably well with ex-
perimental data. Sediment loss is not as accurately
predicted. Predictions of pesticide loss in the runoff
and on the sediment are in reasonable agreement with
experimental data if allowance is made for the effects
of inaccurately predicting sediment loss.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Runoff, 'Farms, 'Water-
sheds, Computerized simulation, Mathematical
models, Sediment transport, Percolation, Evaporation,
Soil profiles. Predictions. Deterioration, Microorgan-
isms, Vaporizing, Soil water, Correlation techniques,
Georgia. 'Agricultural watersheds, 'Path of pollutants,
Athens(Georgia), SCRAM computer program, FOR-
TRAN 4 programming language. Sensitivity analysis.
PB-259 935/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C
Converting Chlorohydrocarbon Waatea by Chlor-
olyala. Final rept. Jan 75-Jun 76,
Repro Chemical Corp., Washington, D.C.
James K. Shiver. Oct 76, 70p EPA/600/2-76/270
Contract EPA-68-03-0456
(PCA04/MFA01)
The report gives results of an assessment of the mag-
nitude of the waste chlorohydrocarbon problem in the
U.S., and a study of the applicability of the conversion
of this waste by chlorolysis as a means of resolving the
problem. An estimated 86,400 metric tons per year of
chlorohydrocarbon waste Is generated in the U.S. A
portion of this waste is treated by chlorolysis to sol-
vents, and by incineration. The balance is disposed of
by deep well injection or burial. The identified waste is
a suitable feedstock for a chlorolysis operation if it is
pretreated to remove paniculate materials and mois-
ture. Geographically, the waste is generated primarily
along the Gulf Coast, from Corpus Christi to New Or-
leans. The Gulf Coast concentration indicates that a
regional waste disposal facility (including a chlorolysis
unit, a waste pretreatment unit, and a conventional in-
cineration unit) would be viable. Preparation of a
design and firm capital estimate is recommended as
the next step in an overall program leading to such a
regional facility.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Chlorination, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Pesticides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Carbon tetrachlonde, Assessments, In-
dustrial wastes, Vinyl chloride, incinerators,
Tables(Data), Organic solvents, 'Hazardous materials,
•Liquid waste disposal, "Waste treatment.
PB-259 936/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio
Evaluation of Instrument for the Determination of
Phenol In Water,
Central State Univ., Wilberforce, Ohio. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
L. Shelbert Smith. Sep 76,46p EPA/600/4-76/048
Grant EPA-R-803172-01
The Spectra Product's pH-2 Phenol Instrument was
evaluated to determine its applicability to water and
wastewaters. The results show that the determinations
of phenol in water and wastewaters can be obtained
with an accuracy of -f or - 5% in the range of 0.05 to
50.0 ppm and with an accuracy of ^ or • 12% in the
range of 0.005 to 0.05 ppm. The pH-2 instrument gave
more precise results than the 4-AAP methods andean
be used to detect para substituted phenols. As with the
4-AAP method, the pH-2 instrument method cannot be
used to detect all substituted phenols quantitatively.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Phenols, 'Ultraviolet de-
tectors, Performance evaluation, Monitoring, Industrial
water, Surface waters, Design criteria, Ultraviolet
spectrometers, Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Antipyrine dyes, pH-2 Phenol Instrument.
PB-259 942/1 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Livestock and the Environment. A Bibliography
with Abstract*. Volume III. Final rept,
East Central Oklahoma State Umv, Ada. Animal
Waste Technical Information Center
M. L. Rowe, and Linda Merryman Jul 76,319p* EPA/
800/2- 76/186
Grant EPA-R-801454
See also Volume 2 dated Apr 75, PB 243 223
Management and research information on animal
wastes has expanded rapidly in recent years. This ma-
terial has appeared in such diverse sources as journal
articles, conference papers, university publications,
government publications, magazine articles, books or
book chapters, and theses This bibliography was
compiled in order to speed the flow of information on
findings in one segment of the livestock industry to
other segments that could benefit from this technol-
ogy. Included In this publication are the following in-
dexes: (1) author, (2) keyword, (3) animal information
categories. These indexes are followed by a section of
abstracts of each reference entry found in the bibliog-
raphy.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Agricultural wastes. 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Bibliographies. 'Water pollution,
Bee) cattle, Dairy cattle. Sheep, Poultry, Swine. Aqua-
culture, Runoff, Waste disposal,
Indexes(Documentation), Air pollution, Water pollution
34 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
control, 'Feedlot wastes, Confinement pens, 'Live-
stock industry, Waste recycling, Waste utilization.
PB-259 943/9 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Quit Breeze, Fla.
The Ecological Impact of Synthetic Organic Com-
pound* on Ettuarlne Ecosystems,
Mote Marine Lab., Sarasota, Fla.
Jeffrey L Lincer, Marita E. Haynes, and Marian L.
Klein. Sep 76,364p' EPA/600/3-76/075
The review and Indexed bibliography concerns the
presence and effects of pesticides (I.e., insecticides,
herbicides, fungicides, etc.) and industrial toxicants in
the estuarine ecosystem. The industrial toxicants refer,
primarily, to polychlorinated blphenyls, but phthalate
esters, polyenlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated diben-
zodioxlns and dibenzofurana are also discussed. The
review covers literature of the last decade, with em-
phasis on the most recent 5 years. However, the 700-
plus references In the bibliography span a much wider
range. A permuted keyword retrieval system (SPIN-
DEX) is provided to allow practical use of the bibliogra-
phy by scientists, academicians, and societal decision
makers.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds. 'Pesticides,
'Estuaries, 'Ecology, 'Bibliographies, Furans, Organic
compounds, Fungicides, Herbicides, Industrial wastes,
Toxicology, Aquatic biology, Marine microorganisms,
Chlorine alphatlc compounds, Phthalates, Esters, Ter-
phenyls, DDT, Mortality, Fishes. Invertebrates. Oxygen
neterocyclic compounds, Bloaccumulation, Ecosys-
tems, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Re-
views, Terphenyl/chloro, Bioaccumulation, Accumula-
tion, Pesticide residues, Carbamates.
PB-259 046/2 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Quality Assurance Branch.
Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation
of Water and Wastewater. Contract rept 28 Jun 74-
1 Jun 76,
Envirex Inc., Milwaukee, WIs. Environmental Sciences
Dry.
J. H. Moser, and K. R. Huibregtse. Sep 76,278p*
EPA/600/4-76/049
Contract EPA-68-03-2075
This research program was Initiated with the overall
objective of providing guidelines for sampling and
sample preservation of waters and wastewaters. Infor-
mation obtained from a review of the literature and the
results of a survey of field practices provides the basis
for guidelines In general sampling techniques, auto-
matic samplers, flow measuring devices, a statistical
approach to sampling, preservation of physical, chemi-
cal, biological and radiological parameters, and sam-
pling procedures for waters emanating from municipal,
Industrial, and agriculture sources. Sampling proce-
dures for surface waters and sludges are also includ-
ed. This report Is not an official EPA manual. Rather, It
Is a research report which Is but one of a series being
used as an Input to develop EPA Manuals and Guide-
lines. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Con-
tract No. 68-03-2075 by Envirex, Inc., A Rexnord Com-
pany, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report covers the period of
June 28,1074 to June 1,1976.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Sampling, 'Reviews,
'Waste water. Sediments. Samplers. Water pollution,
Field tests, Sewage, Industrial waters, Agriculture,
Physical properties, Flow measurement, Statistical
analysis, Surface water runoff, Sources, Chemical
properties, Biological automation, Measuring instru-
ments, Sites, Design criteria, Preserving, Handling, Pa-
rameters, Sludges, Metals, Microbiology, Pesticides.
Herbicides, Procedures, 'Water pollution sampling.
PC A09/MF A01
<, Washington, D.C.
for Reducing
PB-269 949/6
Environmental Protection
Office of Research and De. ..
Parking Management Strategies
Automobile Enilealons. Final rept,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
J. Dem, j, Cole, B. Fallen, J. Heller, and S. Hlckey. Sep
76.196p' EPA/800/5-76/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3243
(PCA09/MFA01)
This report defines the concept of parking manage-
ment and explores how parking management can be
used to improve air quality, support mass transit,
reduce energy consumption and improve the ameni-
ties of life in urban areas. Specific aspects of this anal-
ysis were developments of a prototype parking man-
agement plan for the Washington, D.C. metropolitan
area illustrating types of measures which can be used
for parking management; evaluation of the socioeco-
nomic impacts of parking measures in the plan and
their effectiveness in reducing vehicle miles traveled
(VMT) and improving air quality; development of a
parking management planning process which inte-
grates local and reglonwide planning through the use
of regional guidelines. Four target areas In the D.C.
region were studied In detail: the D.C. Core, Rosslyn,
Va.,Silver Spring, Md., and Centreville, Va. A regional
plan was then developed from information gathered In
the target area studies, including an analysis of region-
wide parking related goals and problems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Parking facilities, Management planning, Met-
ropolitan areas, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virgin-
ia, Regional planning, Guidelines, Energy, Quality of
life, Evaluation, Social effect, Economic Impact, Effec-
tiveness, *Rosslyn(Vlrginia), 'Centrevllte(Vlrginla),
'Silver Spring(Maryland), Energy conservation.
PB-259 966/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Clean Fuels from Agricultural and Forestry
Wastes. Final rept. Jun 74-Mar 75,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Engineering Experi-
ment Station.
J. W. Tatom, A. R. Colcord, J. A. Knight, and L. W.
Elston. Apr 76,118p EPA/600/2-76/090
Contract EPA-68-02-1485
(PCA06/MFA01)
The report gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion of the operating parameters for a mobile waste
conversion system based on the Georgia Tech Engi-
neering Experiment Station's partial oxidation pyrolysis
process. The object of the testing was to determine
the combination of parameters .producing the most
char and oil and the least gas from agricultural and for-
estry wastes. The test indicated both the dominant in-
fluence of air/feed on char and oil yields, and the de-
sirability of low values of this ratio. In addition to the
testing, a preliminary design of a 200 ton/day mobile
pyrolysis system for conversion of agricultural and for-
estry wastes Into clean fuels was made and a simpli-
fied economic analysis conducted. The results of this
work Indicate the technical feasibility and the econom-
ic profitability of such a system.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Wood
wastes, 'Reclamation, 'Solid wate disposal, Chars,
Manufactured gas, Pyrolysis, Oxidation, Economic
analysis, Design, Air pollution abatement, Mobile
equipment, 'Synthetic fuels.
PB-2S9 963/7 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Animal Waste Management In the Northern Oreat
Plain*. Final rept,
South Dakota State Univ., Brooklngs. Water Re-
sources Inst
Maurice L. Morton, John L Wiersma, and James L.
Halbeisen. Sep 78,95p EPA/600/2-76/188
Grant S-802532
The effect of salt level of the ration for beef steers
upon salinity of the waste and the effects of the ap-
plied waste upon the soil and upon crop production
was investigated. In addition, the study was conducted
in both covered and open feedlot pens to study the
effect of shelter in a northern climate upon animal per-
formance and waste characteristics. The field portion
of the study Included four rates of waste up to 179 MT/
ha. applied to plots 0.02 ha. In size. Detailed soli analy-
ses were made which Included salinity, nutrients, ca-
tions, and the dispersion hazard as Indicated by the
level of exchangeable sodium. The levels of salt used
in the ration appeared to have little or no effect on
animal performance; however, the salinity and sodium
levels of the waste were directly affected. The salinity
level of the surface 30 cm of soil where high rates of
waste were applied was sufficiently high to affect the
growth of com. The lack of leaching water caused a
maximum effect of the applied waste in the surface
layer.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Beef cattle, 'Soil
properties, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Farm crops,
Salinity, Sodium, Production, Corn plants, Leaching,
Cation exchanging, Climate, Runoff, Management,
United States, Feedlot wastes, Great Plains
Region(United States).
PB-259 964/5 PC A05/MF AOt
Water Related Utilities for Small Communities in
Rural Alaeka. Interim rept. Jul 73-Jun 76,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Bertold Puchtler, Barry Reid, and Conrad Christiansen.
Sep 76,84p EPA/600/3-76/104
The 'Alaska Village Demonstration Projects' were au-
thorized by Section 113, P.O. 92-500 (86 STAT 816),
for the purpose of demonstrating methods to Improve
sanitary conditions in native villages of Alaska. Central
community facilities have been constructed In the
native villages of Emmonak and Walnwright to provide
a safe water supply; toilets, bathing and laundry facili-
ties; and sewage and waste disposal. The idea of
coming to a community center to secure water, to do
the laundry, and to bathe has proven acceptable to the
people of Walnwright and Emmonak. However, Alas-
kan native villages generally can not pay, through serv-
ice charges, the fullcost of routine operation and main-
tenance of water-related utilities, especially where
complex treatment is required to meet waste treatment
standards. The physical-chemical wastewater treat-
ment provided required considerable modification and
detailed operator attention to provide consistent sec-
ondary treatment.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water supply, 'Arctic
regions, 'Sanitary engineering, Rural areas, Toilet
facilities, Laundries, Sewage disposal, Operating
costs, Maintenance, Public utilities, Standards, Alaska,
Eskimos, Tertiary treatment.
PB-259 965/2 PC A12/MF A01
ORD Publications Summary. Rept. for 1973-1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Jun 76,263p EPA/600/9-76/013b
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-253 783.(PC A12/
MFA01)
This summary is a current listing of the Office of Re-
search & Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, and interagency environmental proj-
ects. Reports are indexed by Title. Subject Area, Per-
forming Organization, Personal Author, Report
Number, and Grant, Contract, or Interagency Agree-
ment Number to aid the reader in identifying reports of
interest. Instructions on how to order copies of reports
are on the inside of the front cover.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Research projects, 'Bibliographies,
Technical reports, Information retrieval, Abstracts,
Summarizing, Subject Indexing, Documents, Identify-
ing, Authors, Grants, Contracts, Publications.
PB-269 970/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Potential Environmental Impacts of Solar Heating
and Cooling Systems. Final rept,
Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc., Bethesda, Md
T. J. Conaroe, F. M. Glaaer. and R. W. Shaw, Jr. Dot
76,124p' BAAR-9075-043-001, EPA/600/7-76/014
Contract EPA-88-01 -2042
(PCA06/MFA01)
This report discusses potential environmental conse-
quences of solar energy utilization for heating and
cooling buildings. It identifies the areas In which both
positive and negative Impacts are possible, summa-
rizes the national research and development program
directed toward solar heating and cooling technology
and contains a general methodology for estimating the
impact on air pollution of solar energy utilization In
urban areas.
Keywords: 'Solar heating systems, 'Environmental
Impacts, Solar apace heating, Solar air conditioning,
Air pollution abatement, Land use, Water quality. Solid
December 1983 35
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
wastes, Buildings, Energy policy, Government policies,
National government, Energy conservation, Manufac-
turing, Planning.
PB-259 971/0 PC A04/MF A01
Cooling Tower Plume Model,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Assess-
ment and Criteria Development Div.
Lawrence D. Winiarski, and Walter E. Frick. Sep 76,
72p EPA/600/3-76/100
(PCA04/MFA01)
A review of recently reported cooling tower plume
models yields none that is universally accepted. The
entrainment and drag mechanisms and the effect of
moisture on the plume trajectory are phenomena
which are treated differently by various investigators.
In order to better understand these phenomena, a
simple numerical scheme is developed which can
readily be used to evaluate different entrainment and
drag assumptions. Preliminary results indicate that in
moderate winds most of the entrainment due to wind
can be accounted for by the direct impingement of the
wind on the plume path. Initially, the pressure differ-
ence across the plume is found to produce a substan-
tial drag force. Thus, it is likely that a certain portion of
the plume bending is due to these pressure forces, and
artificially increasing wind entrainment to fit experi-
mental data is unnecessary.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Plumes, 'Computerized
simulation, 'Mathematical models, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Wind, Computer programs, Drag, Air entrainment.
PB-259 972/8 PC A1S/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
The Sediment Environment of Port Valdez,
Alaska: The Effect of Oil on This Ecosystem. Final
rept.,
Alaska Univ., College. Inst. of Marine Science.
Howard M. Feder, L Michael Cheek, Patrick Flanagan,
Stephen C. Jewitt, and Mary H. Johnston. Jul 76,347p
EPA/600/3-76/086
Grant EPA-R-800944
The Port Valdez intertidal sediment system was stud-
ied for three years and described in this report. Physi-
cal, geological, geochemical, hydrocarbon, and bio-
logical features were examined. Sediments were
poorly sorted gravels to plastic clays, and had low
amounts of organic matter. Bacterial numbers varied
from site to site, and decreased in numbers with depth.
Meiofauna consisted primarily of nematodes and har-
pacticoid copepods. Most meiofaunal species were re-
stricted to the upper three centimeters throughout the
year. Meiofauna densities were typically highest in
summer and lowest in winter. Reproductive activities
of copepods tended to be seasonal with only one spe-
cies reproducing throughout the year. Bacterial popu-
lations were unaffected by single applications of up to
2000 ppm of Prudhoe Bay crude oil or by chronic appli-
cations. Uptake and release of added oil by intertidal
sediments and the clam Macoma batthica were exam-
ined in the field.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Sediments, 'Ecology,
'Prince William Sound, Ocean environments, Aquatic
animals, Clams, Bacteria, Hydrocarbons, Bioassay,
Salinity, Tables(Data), Prudhoe Bay, Crude oil, Interti-
dal zone, Nematoda, Seasonal variations, Alaska,
•Macoma balthica, Baseline studies, Ecosystems, Port
Valdez(Alaska).
PB-2M 987/8 PC A24/MF A01
OAOPS Guidelines: Aeros Manual Series. Volume
V. Aeros Manual of Codes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Apr 76,563p EPA/450/2-76/005, OAQPS-1.2-042
Large quantities of complex data from many sources
are required by the National Air Data Branch (NADB)
to meet its assigned responsibilities of preparing and
distributing periodic reports on air quality and air pollut-
ant emissions. To improve the preparation, collection,
storage and utilization of this data, standardized codes
must be used to store this data. The purpose of
Volume 5 is to provide a complete compilation of
codes required to prepare data for storage In AEROS
(Aerometric and emissions reporting system). The
codes included represent the special codes for NEDS,
SAROAD, SOTDAT, QAMIS and SIPS as well as the
geographic codes which are common to all the sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data storage, 'Coding,
'Manuals, 'Index terms, Indexes(Documentation),
Standardization, Regions, States(United States), Mu-
nicipalities, Counties, Chemical compounds, Aerome-
tric and emissions reporting system, National emis-
sions data system, Source test data system.
PB-259 992/6 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Wastewater Management Branch.
Wastewater Treatment by Natural and Artificial
Marshes. Final rept. Jun 72-Jun 76,
Wisconsin Univ.-Oshkosh.
Frederic L. Spangler, William E. Sloey, and C. W.
Fetter, Jr. Sep 76,184p EPA/600/2-76/207
Grants EPA-R-803794, EPA-S-801042
Investigations were conducted on the use of artificial
and natural marshes as purifiers of effluent from mu-
nicipal treatment plants. Observations were made on
marsh influent and effluent quality. Phosphorus distri-
bution in the ecosystem and removal by harvesting
were studied. Responses of the vegetation to repeat-
ed harvesting were recorded. Artificial marshes con-
sisted of plastic-lined excavations containing emer-
gent vegetation, especially Scirpus validus, growing in
gravel. Various combinations of retention time, primary
effluent, secondary effluent, basin shape, and depth of
planting medium were studied. A polluted natural
marsh was studied simultaneously. The degree of im-
provement in water quality suggests that the process
may be acceptable for certain treatment applications.
Keywords: 'Marshes, 'Sewage treatment, 'Primary
biological productivity, 'Water pollution control, Pilot
plants, Municipalities, Phosphorus, Vegetation, Nutri-
ents, Water quality, Removal, Aquatic plants, Harvest-
ing, Effectiveness, Tables(Data), Ecosystems, Artificial
marshes, 'Scirpus validus.
PB-259 993/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Design Parameters for Animal Waste Treatment
Systems - Nitrogen Control. Final rept. 1 Aug 71-31
Dec 74,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Ithaca. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
R. C. Loehr, T. B. S. Prakasam, E. G. Srinath, T. W.
Scott, and T. W. Bateman. Sep 76,161 p EPA/600/2-
76/190
Grant S-800767
See also report dated Jul 74, PB-245 028.
The objectives of this study were to: (a) Develop
design criteria for nitrogen and odor control in animal
waste stabilization systems; (b) demonstrate the feasi-
bility of nitrogen control using the oxidation ditch; (c)
determine the rate, form, and time of manure applica-
tion permissible without causing surface or ground-
water pollution; and (d) determine the optimum rate,
form, and time of application for best crop response.
Laboratory, pilot plant, and full scale studies were con-
ducted to develop design parameters for odor and ni-
trogen control. Information concerning the fate of man-
urial nitrogen and crop response was derived from
agronomic field studies. A method of determining
oxygen requirements for stabilization based on exert-
ed carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand
was developed.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Agricultural
wastes, 'Nitrogen, 'Poultry, 'Odor control, 'Water
pollution control, Design criteria, Aeration, Runoff, Sta-
bilization, Lagoons(Ponds), Pilot plants, Field tests, Ni-
trification, Farm crops, Nutrients, Grasses, Oxygen,
Tables(Data), Manure.
PB-259 994-SET PC E99/MF E99
Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Ef-
fluents.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jan76,207p-in3v
Set includes PB-259 99S thru PB-2S9 997.
Also available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio. 45268. Office of Technology Trans-
fer.
No abstract available.
PB-260 155/7 PC A04/MF A01
Preliminary Report on Water Quality and Use As-
pects of the Price River Basin In East Central
Utah,
Public Health Service, Denver, Colo. Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control
May63,57p
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Los Angeles, Calif. Report on Colorado River Basin
Water duality Control Project.
A reconnaissance survey of multipurpose water devel-
opment possibilities In the Price River Basin is de-
scribed that Included the study of the possible need for
water storage in potential reservoirs for flow regulation
to insure downstream water quality. It was found that
total water demands for municipal, industrial, irrigation,
and water quality control purposes on a single-use
basis already exceed presently available supplies
during low flow years and projected total water de-
mands may exceed the potential supply. It is recom-
mended that surface waters should be stored to deal
with probable economic growth demands, and deter-
mination of the value of water in the upper reaches of
the Price River, above Price, Utah, for municipal supply
and other purposes be made.
Keywords: Price River, 'River basins, Utah, Rivera,
•Water quality, Water quality data, 'Water supply,
Water reservoirs, Economic forecasting, Community
development, Tables(Data), Stream flow.
PB-260 356/1 PC A99/MF A01
Research Grants Index. Fiscal Year 1965. Volume
II. Grant Number Uat and Bibliography, General
Research Areas, Alphabetical Uat of Investiga-
tors,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Div. of Re-
search Grants
1965,1220p
See also Volume 1, PB-260 355.
This is the second volume of an index of medical and
health related research supported research supported
by the Public Health Service (PHS) grant program year
1965. An alphabetical index to the subject headings
contained in Volume I is included. The remainder of
this volume consists of: (1) a list of researchers ac-
cording to PHS project number, (2) an arrangement of
projects by general research areas; and (3) an alpha-
betical list of Investigators.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Research management
ni AO3/MI- AOl
lining Grants: 1969
I Training Grants,
March Fellowships,
PB-260 357/9 PC A03/MF AOl
Water Pollution Control Training
Grant Awarda: Professional ~ '
Technical Training Grants, RSM
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, D. C.
1969,38p
SeealsoPB-216466.
A listing of grants for training projects and for research
fellowship awards as authorized by the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Is given.
Keywords: Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
'Grants, Research projects, 'Water pollution.
PB-260 360/3 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Current Awareness Service for Toxtc Substances
(CATS). Cumulative Report Number 2. Part I.
Annual rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
NOV76,407p' ADL-C-77355-R-1. EPA/B60/7-76/
002
Contract EPA-68-01 -2694
See also Part 2, PB-260 361.
This cumulative report contains 26 current awareness
documents prepared biweekly from 25 August 1975
^6 during the i
mental Protection Agency with information on new
uses of existing chemical products and with Informa-
tion of obvious potential environmental concern for
both new and existing chemical products. For each bi-
weekly document a core list of approximately 60 jour-
36 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nals was scanned for information of Interest to OTS on
more than 30 topics (compounds, classes of com-
pounds, and subject areas, e.g., model ecosystems).
Abstracts were prepared for all items selected and
these abstracts were presented biweekly under the as-
signed topics. In addition, a 'General Information' sec-
tion was added to accommodate abstracts for topics
not included in the original list of scanning topics. Bi-
weekly subject indexes were cumulated for this annual
compilation, and an author index was added.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Pollution, Vinylidene chloride
resins, Acetonitrile, Acrylonitriles, Arsenic, Phos-
phates, Cresols, Phenols, Asbestos, Nitrosamines,
Lactones, Benzldine, Boron, Blphenyl, Dloxanes, Aziri-
dlnas, Fire resistant materials, Fluorohydrocarbons,
Ethers, Halogenorganic compounds, Coal gasification,
Hydrazines, Tsocyanates, Ecosystems, Amines, Opti-
cal brlghleners. Phthalates. Polyurethane resins,
Naphthalenes, Shale oil, Extraction, Refining, Vinyl
chloride, Biphenyl/bromo, Bonzidine/dichloro, Coal
liquefaction, Benzene/hexachloro, Butadlene/hex-
achloro, Anlllne/N-N-bis(Chloromethyl), Naphthyla-
mlnes, Acetric acid/nitrilo-tri, Ethylene/chloro, Ethyl-
ene/trlchloro, Ethylene/dlbromo.
PB-260 361/1 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Currant Awareness Service for Toxic Substance*
(CATS). Cumulative Report Number 2. Part II.
Annual rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, Mass.
Nov 76,364p' ADL-C-77355-Pt-2, EPA/560/7-76/
002a
Contract EPA-68-01 -2694
See also report dated Dec 75, PB-250 075 and Part 1,
PB-260 360.
The scanning topics included in this two part series are
the chemicals and subject areas as follows: Acetoni-
trile, acrylonitrile, arsenic, aryl phosphates (phenyl,
creayl, mixed phenyl-cresyl), asbestos, benzldlne, and
salts (hydrochloride, sulfate), boron, bromlnated bi-
phenyls, dichlorobenzidlne, dioxane, ethyleneimlne,
flame retardants, fluorocarbons, haloethers, hexach-
lorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hydrazine, deriva-
tives, and salts (sym and unsym • dimethyl, mono-
methyl), isocyanates (organic), liquefaction and gasifi-
cation of coal, methylenebls (chloroaniline), model
ecosystems (environmental fate testing, microecosys-
tems), naphthylamlnes (alpha, beta, N-phenyl deriva-
tives), nitrilotriacetlc acid, optical brighteners (fluores-
cent whitening agents, fluorescent dyes), perchlor-
oethylene, phthalates (dloctyl, di-2-ethyihexyl), polyur-
ethanes, propiolactone, trichloroethylene, shale oil ex-
traction and refining, vinyl chloride, vlnylidene chloride,
ethylene dlbromlde, and nltrosamlnes.
Keywords: 'Toxlclty, 'Chemical elements, 'Pollution,
vlnylidene chloride resins, Acetonitrile, Acrylonitriles,
Arsenic, Phosphates, Cresoli, Phenols, Asbestos, Nl-
trosamlnes, Lactones, Benzldlne, Boron, Blphenyl,
Dloxanes, Azlridlnes, Fire resistant materials, Fluoro-
hydrocarbons, Ethers, Halogenorganic compounds,
Coal gasification, Hydrazines, isocyanates, Ecosys-
tems, Amines, Optical brighteners, Phthalates, Poly-
urethane resins, Naphthalenes, Shale oil, Extraction,
Refining, Vinyl chloride, Blphenyl/bromo, Benzldine/
dlchloro, Coal liquefaction, Benzene/hexachloro, Bu-
tadlene/hexachloro, Anillne/N-N-bla(Chloromethyf).
Naphthylamlnes, Acetric acid/nKrilo-trl, Ethylene/
chloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/dlbromo.
PB-260 362/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Catalytic Waate Treatment System* for Great
Lake Ore Carriers. Final rept. 1971-73.
Thlokol Corp., Brigham City, Utah. Wasatch Dtv.
Sheldon E. Moore, RobertW. Coleman. and Peter E.
Lakomski. Sep 76,66p EPA/600/2-76/147
Grant EPA-S-802730
(PCA04/MFA01)
One of the major inland waterways of the Untied
States subject to heavy commercial and recreational
boating traffic and associated pollution Is the Great
Lakes. The objectives of the program described in this
final report were to develop and demonstrate physical-
chemical waste treatment systems to treat the various
waste streams (sanitary, galley, shower, and wash-
water) aboard an operating ore carrier on the Great
Lakes. The program resulted in the demonstration of
two such systems installed aboard the Cleveland-Cliffs
Iron Company ore carrier, SS Cliffs Victory.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Cargo ships, 'Sludge
disposal, Mineral deposits, Bulk cargo, Incinerators,
Water pollution control, Regulations, Catalysis, Oxida-
tion, Centrifugal filtration, Chlorination, 'Shipboard
sewage treatment systems, Ore carriers, Physical
chemical treatment.
PB-260 375/1 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Evaluation of Flow Equalization at a Small
Wastewater Treatment Plant. Final rept.,
Johnson and Anderson, Inc., Pontiac, Mich.
Gerald W. Foess, James G. Meenahan, and J. Michael
Harju. Sep 76,60p EPA/600/2-76/181
Contract EPA-68-03-0417
The primary objective of this project was to evaluate
the impact of flow equalization on the 0.092 cu m/sec
(2.1 mgd) activated sludge plant at Walled Lake/Novl,
Michigan. Process streams were characterized for a
twelve-month period under equalized flow conditions
with respect to BOD, total suspended solids and total
phosphorus. The effects of the equalization basin on
final settling and filtration were evaluated by conduct-
Ing two Intensive week-long studies, one with and one
without equalization of flow. Flow equalization was ef-
fective in leveling influent flow variations but had very
little effect upon concentration leveling. Performance
of the multimedia filters was superior under the equal-
ized flow, both In terms of average removal efficiency
and consistency.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Flow control, 'Walled Lake, Performance
evaluation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Solids, Filtra-
tion, Phosphorus, Settling,
Concentration(Composition), Equalizing, Aeration,
Reservoirs, Cost comparison, Tables(Data), Michigan,
Novi(Mlchlgan).
PB-260 376/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Vottammetrlc Determination of Acroleln,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
Lyman H. Howe. Jul 76,51 p TVA-E-EP-76-1, EPA/
600/7-76/005
A differential pulse polarographlc method was devel-
oped for acroleln. It Is based on electrochemical re-
duction of acrolaln at the dropping mercury electrode.
With this method, acroleln can be quantitated In natu-
ral and condenser cooling waters at concentrations of
0.05 to 0.5 mg/l. The sample for acroleln analyst* Is
buffered at pH 7.2 with 0.09 M phosphate to resist
changes in pH, and ethylenediamlnetetraacetlc acid Is
added in a concentration of 0.09% to prevent Interfer-
ence from zinc. The recovery of acroleln was unaffect-
ed by pH in the 6.6-7.6 range and by zinc at 2.0 mg/l.
Replicate analyse* at concentration* of 0.1 and 0.3
mg/l acroleln In reagent water gave respective stand-
ard deviation* of 7.2 and 4.1% and relative errors of
2.8 and 3.3%. The recommended method Is given In
the appendix. Employing differential pulse voltam-
metry at the glasay carbon electrode, acroleln was de-
termined with a sensitivity of 10 mg/l. The acroleln wat
Indirectly measured by forming the sulflte complex and
oxldately measuring unreacted sulflte In 0.09 M phos-
phate buffer at pH 7.2. The effectiveness of lulfite In
preserving acroleln could not be evaluated as all at-
tempts failed In quantitatively recovering acrolaln at
0.5 mg/l In the presence of excess sulflte.
Keywords: 'Acrolelns, 'Polarographlc analysis. Elec-
trochemistry, Chemical analysis, Procedures, Voltam-
metry.
PB-260 377/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Meeting Report Advanced Foaall Fuels Sector
Qroup.lae Vega*, 26 August 1976.
Stanford Research Inst, Arlington, Va.
Oct 76,122p EPA/600/7-76/023
Contract EPA-68-01-1981
See also report date Jun 76, PB-255117.
The general areas of concern were: Advanced oil
processing; Chemical coal cleaning; Synthetic fuels
environmental assessment; Synthetic fuels control
technology development; High temperature/high pres-
sure participate treatment; Environmental processes
and effects.
Keywords: 'Fossil fuels, "Meetings, Coal, Oil shale,
Synthetic fuels. Technology, Environmental impacts.
PB-260 380/1 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1975 Flret Quarter Statistics.
Final rept. Jan-Mar 75.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Oct 76,145p EPA/450/2-76/024
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-257 806.
This report Is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for state implementation plans (SIP'S).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have national ambient
air quality standards.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
•States(United States), Reporting, Monitoring, Statisti-
cal data, Summarizing, Local government, State gov-
ernment, National government, Standards, Projects,
Regulations, Clean Air Act, Air quality maintenance,
Implementation air pollution planning program, Nation-
al ambient air quality standards, Environmental protec-
tion.
PB-260 381/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Recognition and Management of Pesticide Pol-
aonlnga
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Iowa Epldemiologic Studies Pro-
gram.
Donald P. Morgan. Aug 76,61 p* EPA/540/9-76/011
Report is new version of the 'Clinical Handbook on
Pesticide Poisonings'.
The new treatment manual groups pesticides Into
major classes such as chlorinated hydrocarbons,
chlorophenoxy compounds, arsenicals,' etc. Under
ich major class Is I
i listed the general chemical struc-
ture, pertinent toxicology related to poisoning,
common symptoms, a method for confirmation of diag-
nosis, and the latest Information on management and
treatment of pesticide poisonings. The text is aimed
mainly at physicians treating patients. However, tt will
also serve as a valuable reference to those who must
evaluate the effects of pesticides on human health and
Investigators of pesticide accidents will benefit by
having Information useful to confirm pesticide poison-
Ings.
Keyword*: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Hazardous
materials, Manuals, Recognition, Management, Diag-
nosis, Toxicology, Therapy, Poisons, Chlorohydrooar-
bons, Signs and symptoms, Patients, Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health.
PB-260 3(4/3 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ard*.
Formation and Transport of Oxldanta Along Qurf
Coaet and in Northern U.8. Final rept.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Aug 76,473p EPA/450/3-76/033
Contract EPA-68-02-2046
This publication reports on two concurrent sets of field
measurement* of ozone and precursors which were
being conducted in separate regions of the United
States from July 1 - October 31,1975. The first set of
measurements spanned the northern portion of the
United States from Montana to Pennsylvania. Three
continuously operated ground stations (Wolf Point,
Mt; Creston, la.; Bradford, Pa.) were used to monitor
ambient levels of ozone NO/NOx and 24-hour sus-
pended paniculate levels plus the analysis of bag sam-
ples for organic pollutant*. The main ob|ecttve of the
northern study was to determine the extent to which
ozone buildup under conducive meteorological condl-
December 1983 37
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ttons differs in large areas having low and high precur-
sor emission densities. The second set of meas-
urements were taken along the Gulf Coast, primarily in
Texas and Louisiana. Continuous monitoring of ozone,
NO/NOx and 24-hour total suspended participates
plus collection of bag samples for analysis of organic
pollutants was performed at a rural site near DeRidder,
Louisiana. The objectives of the southern set of meas-
urements were to document the extent to which ozone
levels exceed the Federal ambient standard in this
region and to assess the relative importance of long-
range transport and local synthesis in determining the
high levels of ambient ozone observed near several
Texas cities.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution,
Field tests, Atmospheric composition, Monitoring, Oxi-
dants, Particles, Meteorology, Photochemistry, Cali-
brating, Quality assurance, Design criteria,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products, *Air quality data, Gulf
Coast(United States), North Central RegionjUnited
States), Northern Great Plains Region(United States).
PB-260 385/0 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
In-vitro Methods for Evaluating Side Effects of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, N.C. Dept. of
Toshio Narahashi. Nov 76,129p EPA/600/1-76/035
Contract EPA-68-02-1289
Several skeletal muscle and smooth muscle prepara-
tions have been examined for their usefulness in eval-
uating the toxic effects of a variety of insecticides. The
following preparations were found satisfactory for such
test guinea pig ileum for muscarinic receptors, guinea
pig heart for beta-adrenergic receptors, guinea pig vas
deferens for alpha-adrenergic receptors, frog rectus
abdominis for nicotinic receptors of tonic muscle, and
rat diaphragm for nicotinic receptors of phase muscle.
Five carbamate insecticides, four organophosphate in-
secticides and chlordimeform were studied. None of
the insecticides tested had any direct and potent effect
on these receptors except the effect on cholinergic re-
ceptors via cholinesterase inhibition. Carbofuran, pro-
poxur and formetanate had potent stimulating actions
on the guinea pig ileum, but these effects could entire-
ly be attributed to the accumulation of acetylcholine In
the synaptic cleft as a result of cholinesterase inhibi-
tion. Thus, it can be concluded that these insecticides
exert no direct action on cholinergic and adrenergic re-
ceptors.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Toxicity, In vitro analysis, Tissues(Biology), Adrener-
glcs, Cholinergjcs, Carhamates, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Evaluation, Cholinesterase inhibitors,
'Toxic substances, Receptors.
PB-260 386/8 PC A08/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exist-
ing Stationary Sources. Volume I. Control Meth-
ods for Surface-Coating Operations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Nov 76,175p EPA/450/2-76/028, OAQPS-1.2-067
Available methods which can be used to control the
emission of organic vapors from surface coating oper-
ations are described. The methods consist of two
types: (1) add-on control equipment, and (2) process
and material changes. Available add-on equipment In-
cludes direct-flame incinerators, catalytic Incinerators,
and activated carbon adsorbers. Process and material
changes which reduce or eliminate the use of organic
solvents include (a) water-borne coatings, (b) high
solids coatings, (c) powder coatings, (d) hot malt for-
mulations, (e) electrostatic spraying, (f) electron beam
curing, (g) ultraviolet curing. Graphs are given to deter-
mine the cost of incinerators at varying volumes and
variation in inlet temperature, vapor concentration,
degree of heat recovery, fuel coats, and hours of oper-
ation. Graphs are given to determine the cost of
carbon adsorbers under varying volumes and vapor
concentration. The available methods of measuring
volatile organic emissions are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
•Vapors. Industrial wastes, Oxidanla, Surfaces, Coat-
ing processes, Air pollution control equipment, Curing,
Incineration, Scrubbers, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Fuels, Cost estimates,
Absorbers(Materials), Carbon, Operations, Stationary
sources, Air pollution detection, Printing Industry.
PB-260 388/4 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Evaluation of Project Safeguard. Final rept.
Engineers, Inc., Newark, N.J.
1974,109p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2110
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams, and Department of Agriculture Extension Serv-
ice, Washington, D.C.
PROJECT SAFEGUARD Is a joint effort of the EPA
ES/USDA and the cooperative state extension serv-
ices to train farmers, applicators, formulators, dealers,
and medical personnel in the safe use and handling of
the pesticide substitutes for DDT.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, 'Materials handling, 'Hazardous
materials, Education, Safety engineering, Poisons,
Toxicity, Personnel, Medical personnel, Detoxification,
'Occupational safety and health, Toxic substances,
Safeguard project.
PB-260 399/1 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Aquatic Pest Control,
California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona.
Eugene D. Young. 1976,12p EPA/540/B-76/030
Contract EPA-68-01 -2918
See also report dated 1975, PB-257 723.
This guide contains basic information to help the com-
mercial applicator to meet the specific standards for
applicators who are engaged in aquatic pest control.
Because the guide was prepared to cover the entire
nation, some information important to the user's state
may not be included. The Guide gives information
about: Recognition and control of aquatic pests; envi-
ronmental concerns in aquatic pest control.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Manuals, Pest control, Recre-
ational facilities, Fishing, Estuaries,
Channels(Waterways), Standards, Environmental im-
pacts, Dust, Spraying, Equipment, Protection, Dispers-
ing.
PB-260 407/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Plannino and Evaluation.
The Estimated Recovery Potential of Convention-
al Source Domestic Crude Oil,
Mathematics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Regional and En-
vironmental Studies Group.
J. W. Devanney, III, R. Ciliano, and R. J. Stewart. May
75,201 p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2445
Prepared in cooperation with Martingale Associates,
Cambridge, Mass.
This report describes a comparative assessment of al-
ternative oil recovery techniques and offers advise on
the extent to which changes in these techniques can
plausibly be expected to stimulate additional produc-
tion from already discovered reservoirs. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Oil recovery, 'Enhanced re-
covery, Reservoir engineering, Gas injection, Water-
flooding, Miscible displacement, In-sltu combustion,
Steam injection, Mlscellar-polymer flooding. Cost anal-
ysis, Oil fields. Continental shelves, Alaska, Oil reser-
voirs, United States, Carbon dioxide miscible flooding.
PB-260 411/4 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Impact of Lead Additive Regulation* on the
Petroleum Refining Industry: Volume I. Project
Summary. Final rept,
Uttle {Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
N. Godley, S. G. Johnson, W. A. Johnson, J. R. Kittrell,
andT. G. Pollitt. May 76,121p' EPA/450/3-76/016a
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
See also Volume 2, PB-260 412.
The report assesses the impact on the U.S. petroleum
refining industry of two EPA regulations promulgated
to control the level of lead additives in motor gasoline.
The first of these regulations requires the availability of
low octane, unleaded gasoline for vehicles equipped
with lead sensitive catalytic converters. For health rea-
sons, the second regulation requires a gradual phase-
down of the lead content of the total gasoline pool (in-
cluding higher octane gasoline to satisfy the remaining
higher compression ratio engines). The report as-
sumes essentially a 100 percent need for unleaded
gasoline by 1985. Computer models representative of
specific refineries In six geographical regions of the
U.S. were developed as the basis for determining the
Impact on the existing refining industry. These models
were utilized to assess investment and energy require-
ments to meet each lead regulation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Petroleum refin-
eries, 'Economic impact, 'Antiknock additives, Gaso-
line, Regulations, Legislation, Tetraethyl lead, Energy
demand, Industries, Economic analysis. Computerized
simulation, Forecasting, United States, Kansas, Ohio,
Oklahoma, 'Petrochemical industry. Fuel demand, At-
lantic Coast Region(United States), Midwest
Region
Region
Region
Stales).'
United
United
States),
States),
Texas
Louisiana
Gulf
Gulf
Coast
Coast
United States), Pacific Coast Region(United
PB-260 412/2 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Impact of Lead Additive Regulations on the
Petroleum Refining Industry: Volume II. Detailed
Study Results. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
N. Godley, S. G. Johnson, W. A. Johnson, J. H. Kittrell,
andT. G. Pollitt. May 76,330p* EPA/450/3-76/016b
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
See also Volume 1, PB-260 411.
The report assesses the impact on the U.S. petroleum
refining industry of two EPA regulations promulgated
to control the level of lead additives in motor gasoline.
It assumes essentially a 100 percent need for unlead-
ed gasoline by 1985.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Petroleum refin-
eries, 'Economic impact, "Antiknock additives, Gaso-
line, Regulations, Legislation, Tetraethyl lead, Energy
demand" Industries, Economic analysis, Computerized
simulation, Forecasting, United States, Kansas, Ohio,
Oklahoma, 'Petrochemical Industry, Fuel demand, At-
lantic Coast Reg!on(United States). Midwest
RegionfUnlted States), Texas Gulf Coast
RegionfUnlted States), Louisiana Gulf Coast
RegionfUnlted States), Pacific Coast RegionfUnited
Stales).
PB-260 414/8 PC A08/MF A01
Substitute Chemical Program - The First Year of
Proceedings of a Symposium: Plenary Session,
Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul-1 Aug75,156p' EPA/540/6-76/013
See also Volume 2, PB-260 415.
Contents:
Program overview and review process;
Status of substitute chemical reviews;
Regional participation;
Registrant overview;
Substitute chemical program;
Rapid screening, mode of action, and information
to develop guidelines for the registration of new
generation pesticides;
Commercial feasibility of new generation
pesticides;
Mathematical modeling to improve the quality of
economic impact assessment studies in
pesticide policy analysis;
Mathematical linear programming;
Integrated pest management;
Toxlcologlcal methods and genetic effects
workshop summary;
Ecosystems/modeling workshop summary;
Chemical methods workshop summary.
38 Vol. 83, No, 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Meetings, 'Project planning,
Air pollution, Mathematical models. Water pollution.
Economics, Cost estimates, Agricultural chemistry,
Genetics, Toxicology, Monitoring, Public health, Law
enforcement, Environmental impacts, Reviews, Guide-
lines, Assessments, Linear programming, 'Environ-
mental chemical substitutes, Ecosystems.
PB-260 416/6 PC A10/MF A01
Substitute Chemical Program - The First Year of
Proceedings of a Sympoilum. Volume II. Toxlco-
logical Method* and Genetic Effects Workshop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul-1 Aug 75,219p* EPA/540/6-76/014
See also Volume 1, PB-260 414.
Partial contents:
lexicological methods and genetic effects
research progress session introduction;
Inhalation toxicology;
Studies on toxiclty to mammals of small particle
aerosols of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)
pesticides;
Metabolism of pesticides;
lexicological research:
acute LDSO studies;
Pesticide residues In human milk;
Effect of substitute pesticides on hormone-
dependent tissue;
Effects of pesticides on blood llpoproteins, arteries,
and cardiac muscle;
In vitro and in vivo carcinogenic and mutagenlc
screen development;
In vitro and in vivo studies of selected pesticides to
evaluate their potential as chemical mutagens;
Use of mutagenesis test to indicate
carcinogenesis;
Epidemiology of pesticides:
cancer mortality and pesticides usage in the United
States.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, 'Ge-
netics, Insecticides, Air pollution, Respiration, Lethal
dosage, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Metabolism, Milk,
Humans, Food chains, Mammals, Embryology, Epi-
demiology, Malignant neoplasms, Hormones, Blood
proteins, Cardiovascular system, In vivo analysis, In
vitro analyses, Bloassay, Environmental hearth, Tera-
togens, Pesticide residues, Cancer, Air pollution
effectsJHumans), Environmental chemical substitutes.
PB-260 474/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Charged Droplet Scrubber for Fine Particle Con-
trol: Pilot Demonstration. Phase rept. Jul 74-Jun 76,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
W. F. Krieve, and J. M. Bell. Sep 76,88p EPA/600/2-
78/249b
Contract EPA-68-02-1345
See also PB-258 823.
The report gives results of a successful Charged Dro-
plet Scrubber (CDS) pilot demonstration of coke oven
emissions control. It also describes the design, instal-
lation, and checkout of the demonstration system. The
CDS uses electrically sprayed water droplets, acceler-
ated through an electric field, to remove paniculate
material from a gas stream. The pilot demonstration
was a continuation of laboratory and bench scale stud-
ies for application of the CDS to fine particle control.
The pilot demonstration included, in addition to the
CDS, the ducting, flow transitions, and blower neces-
sary to circulate process gas through the CDS. The
test was performed at the Kaiser Steel Company coke
oven facility, Fontana, California. A large fraction of the
coke oven emissions were submteron and composed
of carbon particles and hydrocarbon aerosol. After the
system checkout was completed, during which CDS
operating parameters were established, the demon-
stration test series was performed. Results of the dem-
onstration test indicate that the CDS Is an effective
Pollution control device for controlling coke oven stack
emissions.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control equipment
Scrubbers, Industrial wastes. Combustion products,
Fries, Pilot plants, Aerosols, Hydrocarbons, Carbon,
Flue gases, Design criteria, Field tests. Chemical anal-
ysis. Sampling, Efficiency, 'Charged droplet scrub-
bers, Coke ovens.
PB-260 475/9 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fuel Contaminants: Volume 2. Removal Technol-
ogy Evaluation. Final rept. Jun 75-Apr 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
E. J. Mezey, Surjit Singh, and D. W. Hlasong. Sep 76,
318p*EPA/600/2-76/177b
Contract EPA-68-02-2112
(PCA14/MFA01)
The report reviews the methods used to remove
sources of sulfur, nitrogen, and trace element pollut-
ants from coal, coal liquids, petroleum, tar sand oils,
and shale oils. The evaluation Is restricted to systems
that remove contaminants before combustion. The
survey Identifies contaminant removal methods which
were used successfully In the past, are used now, or
which, although previously unsuccessful, might be
used successfully today. The evaluations generally In-
dicate that no single method is effective for removing
all of the contaminants from the fuels under considera-
tion, yet permitting the fuel to be recovered unaltered
in form and quality. Some methods release the con-
taminants but the actual removal requires additional
processing. Combined processes might offer advan-
tages to overcome the limitations of single-function
processes.
Keywords: 'Desulfurlzation, 'Coal, 'Shale oil, 'Crude
oil, 'Bituminous sands, Air pollution, Sulfur, Nitrogen,
Trace elements, Concentrat)on(Composltlon), Separa-
tion, Process charting, Performance evaluation, Coal
processing, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Fossil fuels,
•Coal liquids.
PB-260 477/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Managing and Disposing of Residues from Envi-
ronmental Control Facilities In the Steel Industry.
Final rept Apr 75-Jul 76,
Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Laszlo Pasztor, and S. B. Floyd, Jr. Oct 76,190p*
EPA/600/2-76/267
GrantEPA-R-803619
(PCA09/MFA01)
The report gives results of a study of the management
and disposal of residues from environmental control
facilities In the steel Industry. Information from 13 Inte-
grated U.S. steel mills Is compared with that found in
the literature and with data collected during visits to
English, German, and Japanese steel mills, technical
and Industrial associations, and government agencies.
Methods used to recycle dusts and sludges and to re-
generate or recover waste acids and oils are covered.
Of the approximately 16.6 million tons of residues, 9.1
million tons are recycled, and 7.5 million tons are
dumped or stored for later reuse. The pollution control
facilities used and the quantities and properties of the
residues generated In various processes are de-
scribed. In 1974, the U.S. steel Industry produced over
145 million net tons of raw steel. During the same
period, over 16 million tons of pollution abatement resi-
dues were generated by the Industry in 14 different
iron and steelmaklng subcategories, not Including iron
and steelmaklng slags.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Industrial wastes,
•Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution control, 'Air
pollution control, Materials recovery, Coking, Roasting,
Continuous casting, Metal working, Coating process-
es, Residues, Dust control, Metal scrap, Chemical
analysis, Sludge disposal, Particle size, Beneflclatton,
Reviews, Government policies, Regulations, Metal re-
cycling, Waste recycling.
PB-260 478/3 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Studies of the Pressurteed Fluldteed-Bed Coil
Combustion Pr<
.Phase rept
Aug73-Augl
9.,Onden,N...
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Or .
R. C. Hoke, R. R. Bertrand, M. S. Nutkls, D. D. Klnzler,
and L A. Ruth. Sep 76,223p' GRU.15GFGS.76. EPA/
600/7-76/011
Contracts EPA-68-02-1312, EPA-68-02-1461
The report gives results of studies of the environmen-
tal aspects of the pressurized flukJfeed-bed coal com-
bustion (FBCC) process, using two experimental facili-
ties: a new 218 kg coal/hr mlrtplant combustor (0.63
MW equivalent), and a 13 kg coal/hr batch combustion
unit. Operating results from both facilities Indicate that
S02 emissions can be controlled to meet current EPA
New Source Performance Standards for coal-fired util-
ity boilers with either limestone or dolomite sorbents.
NOx emissions from pressurized FBCC can be con-
trolled to 0.2 to 0.4 Ib (as N02)/million Btu (0.30 g/mil-
lionJ).
Keywords: 'Fluldized bed processors, *Alr pollution
control, Fluidized-bed combustion, Fluldized bed proc-
essing, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Limestone, Pilot plants, Dolomlte(Rock), Calcium
oxides, Design, Drawings, Performance tests, 'Coal
combustion.
PB-260 496/7 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Housing and Urban Development,
Washington, D.C. Energy Building Technology, and
Standards Div.
Evaluation of the Refuse Management Systems of
Operation Breakthrough Sties. Final rept 1973-75,
Hlttman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Jack Preston Overman. Apr 76,166p
Contract EPA-68-03-0094
Pub. as HUD Utilities Demonstrations Report No. 1.
One of the provisions of the Operation Breakthrough
program In the Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment, Office of Policy Development and Re-
search, is to evaluate the refuse management systems
to determine economic and technical practicality for
application to future projects. The nine sites are Indian-
apolis, Kalamazoo, Macon, Memphis, St. Louis, Seat-
tle, Sacramento, King County, and Jersey City. The
evaluations show how the methods employed at the
Macon, Memphis, Sacramento, and King County sites
are economical and effective. The Jersey City site uti-
lizes pneumatic trash collection and a separate report
is being prepared to assess the technical and econom-
ic performance of the system.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management engi-
neering, 'Residential buildings, Projects, Systems
analysis, Feasibility, Transferring, Urban areas, Meth-
odology, Evaluation, Economic factors, Effectiveness,
Refuse, Collecting methods, Breakthrough operation.
PB-260 498/1 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Collection Problems In Converting to
Low Sulfur Coals. Conference proceedings rept.
Jan-Sep 76,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
G. B. Nichols. Oct 76,2S7p* EPA/600/7-76/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
Problems encountered in burning low-sulfur coal in
electrical utility power plant boilers are discussed. Op-
erating experience with electrostatic precipltators
(ESPs), fabric filter baghouses, and wet scrubbers for
control of fly ash stack emissions and techniques for
Improving performance are described. Increasing the
collection efficiency of ESPs for high-resistivity fly ash
by adding conditioning agents (e.g., sulfur trioxlde, sul-
furic acid, ammonium sulfate, sulfamte acid, and am-
monia) to the flue gas is discussed, as are possible
mechanisms for their action. Experiments are de-
scribed on the reentralnment of fly ash as the result of
rapping ESP collection electrodes. A mathematical
model's described that calculates the collection effi-
ciency of an ESP as a function of particle size and op-
erating conditions. A mathematical model Is also pre-
sented for fabric filter action.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Particles,
Electric power plants, Boilers, Fly ash, Air pollution
control equipment Dust collectors, Electrostatic preci-
pltators, Flue gases, Coal, Combustion, Fabrics, Math-
ematical models, Performance evaluation, 'Low sulfur
coal, Coal combustion, Stationary sources, Fabric fil-
ters.
PB-260 499/9 PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Psrtloulate Control In Energy Processes Sympo-
sium Held at San Francisco, California on May 11-
13( 197*1
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
David E. Blake. Sep 76, S77p' EPA/600/7-76/010
Contract EPA-68-02-1318
December 1983 39
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Methods of control of paniculate emission from con-
ventional electric power generation facilities are well
developed and reasonably effective. However, several
recent developments in combustion technology have
significantly increased the difficulty of paniculate col-
lection. There is an immediate problem with the rapidly
increasing use of low-sulfur, high-ash Western coals.
Because of the high mineral content of these coals,
ash is produced at higher rates than for high-sulfur
(Eastern) anthracite or bituminous coals. Compound-
ing the problem, the low sulfur content decreases the
effectiveness of electrostatic precipitators. The most
severe problems arise when attempting to switch ex-
isting power plants (with precipitators sized for high-
sulfur coal) to low-sulfur coals. A longer-range problem
with paniculate collection exists with several high tem-
perature and pressure energy processes now being
developed. In order to obtain maximum efficiency of
power generation from coal gasifier or fluidized bed
combustion facilities, it is necessary to remove particu-
lates from hot, high pressure streams upstream of the
turbines. The symposium, held in San Francisco on
May 11-13,1976, devoted six sessions, two panel dis-
cussions, and some 22 papers to consideration of
these problems and their solutions. This volume is a
collection of the papers presented at the symposium.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Meetings, Particles, Coal, Combustion, Dust
control, Flue dust, Dust collection, Sulfur, Boilers,
Electrostatic precipitation, Fly ash, Flue gases, Math-
ematical models, Air filters, Scrubbers, Gas turbines,
High temperature tests, High pressure tests, Particu-
lates, Stationary sources, Western coal, Fabric filters,
Combined-cycle power plants.
PB-260 500/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Keowee, Oconee and Plckens CountlN,
South Carolina. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Jun 75,47p Working Paper-433
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas. Nev., South Carolina
State Oept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition anal limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Keowee, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Oconee County(South
Carolina), Pickens County(South Carolina).
PB-260 608/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
W**t Okobo]! Lakt, Dickinson County, low*. Final
rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 76,27p Working Paper-508
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Moines.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'West Okoboji Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Iowa, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Dickinson County(lowa).
PB-260 SOT/5 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Greenwood, Greenwood, Lauren*, and New-
berry Count)**, South Carolina. Final rept 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 76,53p Working Paper-431
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Greenwood, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, Water quality data, Greenwood County(South
Carolina), Laurens County(South Carolina), Newberry
County(South Carolina).
PB-260 510/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Wateree Lake, Falrfleld, Kershaw, and Lancaster
Counties, South Carolina. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 75,50p Working Paper-440
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Wateree Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Fairfield County(South
Carolina), Kershaw County(South Carolina), Lancaster
County(South Carolina).
PB-260 511/1 PCA03/MFA01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Fishing Creek Reservoir, Chester and Lancaster
Counties, South Carolina. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 75,49p Working Paper-430
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fishing Creek Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Carolina,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Chester
County(South Carolina), Lancaster County(South
Carolina).
PB-260 513/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Water Planning.
Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Nonstruc-
tural Pollution Control*: A Manual for Water Qual-
ity Management Planning. Final rept. 30 Apr 76,
CONSAD Research Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fred Rueter, and Cyril Fox, Jr. 30 Apr 76,84p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2699
The report presents a methodology for evaluating the
economic costs of nonstructural pollution control tech-
niques such as land use control. Used instead of or as
a complement to structural pollution controls, non-
structural alternatives can increase the effectiveness
and/or decrease the coats of achieving environmental
quality objectives. Included in the report are chapters
on legal feasibility, social impacts, and alternative
compensatory mechanisms for nonstructural controls.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Cost effectiveness, Land use, Economic
impact, Legislation, Feasibility, Social effect, Evalua-
tion, Policies.
PB-260 517/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Murray, Falrfleld, Lexington, Newberry,
Saluda, and Rlchland Counties, South Carolina.
Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 75,75p Working Paper-436
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Murray, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Fairfield County(South
Carolina), Lexington County(South Carolina), New-
berry County(South Carolina), Saluda County(South
Carolina), Rlchland County(South Carolina).
PB-260 536/6 PC A08/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In Alabama, Series
E Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C.
Dec 75,154p
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the nine SMSA's of the state
of Alabama and the individual non-SMSA counties,
from 1950 to 2020. These data are a further break-
down of information contained in the U.S. Water Re-
sources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections of Region-
al Economic Activity in the United States, Series E
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic development, 'Economic fore-
casting, 'Alabama, Populations, Metropolitan areas,
Rural areas, Counties, Projection, Economic surveys,
Demographic surveys, Employment, Income, Earn-
ings, Regions, Socloeconomlc status, Standard metro-
politan statistical areas.
PB-260 537/6 PC A08/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In Florida, Series E
Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C.
Dec76,156p
Sponsored In part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the fourteen SMSA's of the
state of Florida and Individual non-SMSA counties,
from 1950 to 2020. These data are a further break-
down of Information contained in the U.S. Water He-
sources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections of Region-
al Economic Activity in the United States, Series E
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic development, 'Economic fore-
casting, 'Florida, Populations, Demographic surveys,
Economic surveys, Metropolitan areas, Rural areas,
Counties, Projection, Regions, Employment, income,
Earnings, Socioeconomic status, Standard metropoli-
tan statistical areas.
PB-260 538/4
Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville.
PC A10/MF A01
40 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Projections, Economic Activity In Tennessee,
Series E Population. Final rapt.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C.
Jan76,209p
Sponsored in part by Tennessee Valley Authority,
Knoxville.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the six SMSA's or parts
thereof in the State of Tennessee and the individual
non-SMSA counties, from 1950 to 2020. These data
are a further breakdown of Information contained in
the U.S. Water Resources Council's 1972 OBERS Pro-
jections of Regional Economic Activity In the U.S.,
Series E Population.
Keywords: 'Economic development, 'Economic fore-
casting, 'Tennessee, Populations, Demographic sur-
veys, Economic surveys, Metropolitan areas, Rural
areas, Counties, Projection, Socioeconomic status,
Employment, Income, Earnings, Regions, Standard
metropolitan statistical areas.
PB-260 549/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement
Summary of Particular and Sulfur Oxide Emis-
sion Reductions Achieved Nationwide lor Select-
ed Industrial Source Categories 1970-1976.
Volume I. Summary,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Center for Technology Applications.
Martin F. Massoglia.Nov76,52p* EPA/340/1-76/
OOBa
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
See also report dated Jan 76, PB-2S2 249 and Volume
2 dated Nov 76, PB-260 550.
This research updates the nationwide emission data
on total suspended participates and sulfur oxides from
selected source categories for 1975, and the associat-
ed analyses to determine the progress made, nation-
wide, In meeting the ambient air quality standards for
the two pollutants under study. The analyses and In-
ventories developed in June 1975 studies are updated
to reflect changes in SIP requirements proposed or
promulgated since the Initial study, use of actual 1975
production data In place of projections, and use of
compliance status data available in the DSSE Compli-
ance Data System. This report Is published in two vol-
umes. Volume 1 presents a summary of the emission
Inventory data and the analyses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Particles, 'Sulfur dioxide, Summariz-
ing, Sources, Combustion products, Industries, Inven-
tories, Standards, States(Unlted States), Total sus-
pended particulates, National ambient air quality
standards, Stationary sources, Clean Air Act
PB-260 (60/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement
Summary of Paniculate and Sulfur Oxide Emis-
sion Reductions Achieved Nationwide for Select-
ed Industrial Source Categories 1970-1976.
Volume 3. Calculations,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park. N.C.
Center for Technology Applications,
Martin F. Maasoglla.Nov76,92p* EPA/340/1-76/
008b
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
See also Volume 1 dated Nov 76, PB-260 549.
This research updates the nationwide emission data
on total suspended particulates and sulfur oxides from
selected source categories for 1975, and the associat-
ed analyses to determine the progress made, nation-
wide, In meeting the ambient air quality standards for
the two pollutants under study. Volume 2 of a two
volume report gives the detailed calculations. In ap-
pendix form, upon which nationwide emission Inven-
tories-actual, potential, and compliance-were baaed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Parti-
cles, 'Sulfur dioxide, Reduction, Summarizing, Inven-
tories, Computation, Steam electric power generation,
Industries, Boilers, Combustion products, Portland ce-
ments. Petroleum refining, Sutfurtc add. Fertilizers,
Smelters, Iron and steel Industry, Ferroalloys, Bitumi-
nous cements, Coal preparation, Pulps. Foundries,
Total suspended particulates, Clean Air Act, National
ambient air quality standards, Stationary sources,
Standards compliance.
PB-260 570/7 PC A24/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxldants.
Volume 1 (Chapters 1-7).
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Aug 76,552p' EPA/600/1-76-027a
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
The report deals primarily with the origins and effects
of ozone and other photochemical oxiaants. It Is limit-
ed, more or less, to the problem of urban pollution and
to such closely related topics as natural background in
the earth's boundary layer. No consideration Is given
to the stratospheric ozone layer end the effects pro-
duced by Supersonic Transport emissions or halocar-
bons. Volume one of the report is concerned with the
origins and measurement of ozone and other photo-
chemical oxldants and the relationship of atmospheric
concentrations to emissions.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Smog, Oxldizers,
Photochemical reactions, Urban areas, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composltion), Models, Predictions,
Measurement, Respiration, Absorptlon(Blology), Air
quality, Environmental health.
PB-260 571/5 PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxldants.
Volume 2 (Chapters 8-15).
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Aug 76,640p' EPA/600/1-76-027b
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
See also Volume 1, PB-260 570.
The report deals primarily with the origins and effects
of ozone and other photochemical oxldants. It is limit-
ed, more or less, to the problem of urban pollution and
to such closely related topics as natural background In
the earth's boundary layer. No consideration Is given
to the stratospheric ozone layer and the effects pro-
duced by Supersonic Transport emissions or halocar-
bons. Volume two deals with toxlcotoglc studies and
effects on humans, and with effects on plants, ecosys-
tems, and materials.
Keywords: 'Ozone, *Alr pollution, 'Smog, Urban
areas, Toxicology, Public health, Epidemiology,
Plants(Botany), Humans, Microorganisms, Materials,
Recommendations, Oxldizers, Photochemical reac-
tions, Measurement Environmental health, 'Air pollu-
tion erfectsfHumans), 'Air pollution erfects(Plants),
•Air pollution effects(Materials), Ecosystems.
PB-260 587/1
PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Impact of Producing Low-Sulfur, Unleaded
Motor Gasoline on the Petroleum Refining Indus-
try. Volume I. Project Summary. Final rept,
Utte (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge. Mass.
N. Qodtey, S. Q. Johnson, W. A. Johnson, J. R. Klttrell,
and T. Q. Pollltt May 76.117p* EPA/450/3-76/015a
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
See also Volume 2 dated May 76, PB-260 568.
The Impact on the U.S. petroleum refining Industry of
possible EPA regulations restricting the sulfur content
of unleaded gasoline Is discussed, sulfur levels of 100
pom and 50 ppm are considered. Computer models
representative of specific refineries in six geoaraphlcal
regions of the U.S. were developed as thebaeis for de-
termining the Impact on the existing refining Industry.
New refinery construction during the period under
analysis (1975-1985) was considered by development
of separate computer models rather than expansion of
existing reflneriesTThese models were usedto assess
investment and energy requirements and the Incre-
mental cost to manufacture low sulfur unleaded gaso-
line. SensltMty analyses examined the effect of vari-
ations in key assumptions on the results of the study,
such as the type of Imported crude oU available for
future domestic refining and the projected sulfur level
of residual fuel oil manufactured In the U.S. Other sen-
sltMty studies examined in more detail the processing
options available to meet the two sulfur levels and the
assumptions regarding sulfur distribution in refinery
process streams.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Gasoline, *Alr pollu-
tion abatement, 'Economic impact, Petroleum refiner-
ies, Energy supply(Economics), Energy
demand(Economics), Crude oil, Sulfur, Regulations,
Economic analysis, Manufacturing, Computerized sim-
ulation, Forecasting, 'Petrochemical industry, 'Low
sulfur fuels, 'Unleaded gasoline, Atlantic Coast
RegionfUnrted States), Pacific Coast ReglonfUnlted
States), Midwest Reglon(Un!ted States), Texas Gulf
Coast(Unlted States), Louisiana Gulf Coast(Unlted
States), Gulf Coast Region(Unlted States).
PB-260 588/9 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Impact of Producing Low-Sulfur, Unleaded
Motor Gasoline on the Petroleum Refining Indus-
try. Volume II. Detailed Study Results. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
N. Godley, S. G. Johnson, W. A. Johnson, J. R. Klttrell,
and T. G. Pollltt. May 76,334p' EPA/450/3-76/015b
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
See also Volume 1 dated May 76, PB-260 587.
This report assesses the Impact on the U.S. petroleum
refining industry of possible EPA regulations restricting
the sulfur content of unleaded gasoline. Sulfur levels
of 100 ppm and 50 ppm are considered. Computer
models representative of specific refineries In six geo-
graphical regions of the U.S. were developed as the
basis for determining the Impact on the existing refin-
ing Industry. New refinery construction during the
period under analysis (1975-1985) was considered by
development of separate computer models rather than
expansion of existing refineries. These models were
used to assess investment and energy requirements
and the Incremental cost to manufacture low sulfur un-
leaded gasoline. Sensitivity analyses examined the
effect of variations in key assumptions on the results of
the study, such as the type of Imported crude oil availa-
ble for future domestic refining and the projected sulfur
level of residual fuel oil manufactured In the U.S. Other
sensitivity studies examined In more detail the proc-
essing options available to meet the two sulfur levels
and the assumptions regarding sulfur distribution In re-
finery process streams.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Gasoline, *Alr pollu-
tion abatement, 'Economic Impact, Petroleum refiner-
ies, Energy supp(y(Economlcs), Energy
demand(Economlcs), Chide oil, Sulfur, Regulations,
Economic analysis, Manufacturing, Computerized sim-
ulation, Forecasting, 'Petrochemical industry, 'Low
sulfur fuels, 'Unleaded gasoline, Atlantic Coast
Reglon(Untted States), Pacific Coast RegiontUnited
Stales), Midwest Reglon(Unrted States), Texas Guff
CoastOJntted States), Louisiana Gulf CoasKUntted
States), Gulf Coast Reglon(Unlted States).
PB-260 690/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Electrostatic Capture of Fine Particles In Fiber
Beds. Final rept Jim 73-Jun 75.
Battelle-Northweet, Rtehland, Wash.
D. L Reid, and L M. Browne. May 76,45p EPA/600/2-
76/132
Grant EPA-R-801581 -02
The report gives results of a study of the collection of
charged submtoron sized particles by fiber beds. Re-
moval efficiency was determined as a function of parti-
cle resistivity, fiber bed resistivity, superficial gas ve-
locity, and total concentration of the aerosol. Using a
12-ln. thick polypropylene fiber bed, greater than 90%
removal-efficiency was reported for superficial bed ve-
locities up to 300 ft/mln. For a 6-in. bed, 90% removal
was possible up to 200 tt/mln. In both cases, the pres-
sure drops for these systems were low (less than 11n.
H2O). A third bed was tested, comprised of a 6-ln.
Teflon fiber bed followed immediately by a 6-ln. poly-
propylene bed. This composite 12-ln. bed did not per-
form as well as the homogeneous 12-ln. bed. In all
tests, the most Important parameter was bed face ve-
locity. In general, the collection efficiency of the fiber
bed decreased linearly with Increasing velocity.
Keywords; 'Dust filters, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Electrostatic separators, Polypropylene fibers,
December 1983 41
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fluorocarbon fibers, Nonwoven fabrics, Particles,
Fines, Electrical resistivity, Flue gases, Gas flow, Mag-
nesium oxides, Dust collection, Electric fields, Gas
sampling, Dielectric properties, Performance evalua-
tion, Electric power plants, Ammonium halides,
Sodium oxides, Particulates.
PB-260 611/9 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Compliance Data System User's Guide,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Rita Reimer, and Geza Serenyi. Dec 76,230p EPA/
340/1-76/011
Contract EPA-68-01-3173 '
(PCA11/MFA01)
This Compliance Data System (CDS) User's Guide is
designed to be the primary source of user documenta-
tion regarding CDS. It replaces all documentation
dated prior to December 1976, which should be dis-
carded. The guide is organized to be used effectively
by several groups of potential readers: Managers and
others wishing a basic description of CDS should read
Sections 2 and 3, Management Overview and System
Applications. Current Users who generally understand
CDS will wish to skip to specific sections of interest,
particularly Sections 7 and 9, Edit Processing and Re-
trieval Processing, which reflect recent changes. New
Users may wish to read the text in its entirety, at least
through Section 9 to obtain a working knowledge of
CDS.Those Preparing Input Data should read Section
6, Data Input Preparation. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Data acquisition,
'Manuals, Standards, Guidelines, Systems analysis,
Information retrieval, Editing, Input, Records manage-
ment, Combustion products, Sources, 'Standards
compliance, 'Stationary sources, 'Compliance Data
System.
PB-260 626/3 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Data-1970 Annual Statistics. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76, 58p EPA/450/2-76/019
See also report dated Mar 74, PB-232 568.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality. The air quality statistics shown in this publi-
cation are produced directly from computer reports
generated by EPA's on-line computer system. The
data in this publication are being republished in the
new revised format currently being used. Some of the
data in this publication have been revised as a result of
a recent effort to improve the quality of the past data.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Statistical data,
States(Unrted States), Tables(Data), Air quality data,
Storage and retrieval of aerometric data, Aerometric
and emissions reporting system.
PB-260 629/1 PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Data-1971 Annual Statistics. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76,84p EPA/450/2-76/020
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality. The air quality statistics shown in this publi-
cation are produced directly from computer reports
generated by EPA's on-line computer system. The
data in this publication are being republished in the
new revised format currently being used. Some of the
data in this publication have been revised as a result of
a recent effort to improve the quality of the past data.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Statistical data,
States(United States), Tables(Data), 'Air quality data,
Storage and retrieval of aerometric data. Aerometric
and emissions reporting system.
PB-260 630/9 PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Data-1974 Second Quarter Statistic*.
Final report dated Apr-Jun 74.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76,154p EPA/450/2-76/021
See also PB-257 806.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Tables(Data),
States(United States), Air quality data, Storage and re-
trieval of aerometric data, Aerometric and emissions
reporting system.
PB-260 631/7 PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Data-1974 Fourth Quarter Statistics.
Final rept. Oct-Dec 74.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76,158p EPA/450/2-76/023
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Tables(Data),
States(United States), 'Air quality data, Storage and
retrieval of aerometric data, Aerometric and emissions
reporting system.
PB-260 634/1 PC A02/MF A01
Packaging Source Reduction: Can Industry and
Government Cooperate,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Eileen L. Claussen. 1974,20p EPA/530/SW-136
Paper presented at the Annual National Forum of the
Packaging Institute on 9 Oct 74.
This paper discusses the issues of resource use and
its effect on the ecosphere, government policies, and
industrial attitudes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Packaging, 'Gov-
ernment policies, 'Industrial management, Economic
analysis, Trends, Containers, Management planning,
Paper, Glass, Steel, Aluminum, Plastics, Wood, Regu-
lations, Tables(Data), Attitudes.
PB-260 646/5 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Potential Environmental Consequences of Terti-
ary Oil Recovery. Final rept. Jun 75-Apr 76,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
C. Braxton, R. Stephens, C. Muller, J. White, and J.
Post. Jul 76,229p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -1912
Potential environmental problems associated with en-
hanced oil recovery methods (micellar-polymer flood-
ing, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, hydrocarbon
miscible displacement, carbon dioxide miscible dis-
placement, steam displacement (or drive), cyclic
steam stimulation, and in-situ combustion (or fireflood-
ing)) are identified. Possible impacts on ambient air
quality, groundwater supplies and water quality are as-
sessed qualitatively, and where possible quantitatively,
using dispersion modeling and risk estimates. The
report examines those potential problems which are
unique to enhanced oil recovery as well as post-oper-
ational problems such as chemical degradation prod-
ucts. Forecasts of enhanced oil recovery activity are
allocated by process and region for use in impact anal-
ysis. Research needs are described to evaluate the
problem areas.
Keywords: 'Oil recovery, 'Enhanced recovery, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'Well stimulation, Misceflar-poly-
mer flooding, Miscible displacement, Steam injection,
In-situ combustion, Air pollution, Water pollution, Deg-
radation, Chemical attack, Water quality, Ground
water, Surfactant polymer flooding, Firefloosing.
PB-260 647/3 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Measurement of Sulfate and Sulfur Dioxide In
Automotive Exhaust Final rept. 28 Jun 74-31 Aug
76,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Melvin N. Ingalls, and Karl J. Springer. Jun 76,317p
SwRI-AR-1124, EPA/460/3-76/015
Contract EPA-68-03-2118
for sulfate and sulfur dioxide exhaust emissions. The
collection and analytical techniques used for sulfate
and sulfur dioxide are described. Emissions rates in
grams per kilometre are presented for a variety of test
cycles. In addition to sulfates and sulfur dioxide, gas-
eous emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monox-
ide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reported in
grams per kilometre. Total paniculate weight on the
sulfate filter was determined on two of the groups of
cars. For these same two groups of cars, the sampling
tunnel residue from each test car was examined by X-
ray fluorescent techniques. The first of the car groups
was tested to characterize sulfate emissions from
eight automobiles. Four of these were gasoline
powered catalyst cars, three were gasoline powered
noncatalyst cars, and one was dlesel powered. The
second group, four catalyst cars, was operated for
80,500 km (50,000 miles) to determine the effect of
distance accumulation on sulfate emissions. The third
group, two 1975 production catalyst cars, was part of
the EPA sulfate procedural development testing. The
last group, eight cars, was part of the EPA sulfate ba-
seline. Of these cars, six were production 1975 models
(Including one diesel), and two were experimental cars
with three-way catalysts.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Sulfuric acid, Automobiles, Air pollution, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Chemical
analysis, X ray analysis, X ray fluorescence, Catalysts,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution sam-
pling, Baseline measurements, EPA method 8.
PB-260 648/1
PC A04/MF A01
Technique for Supplementary Control System Re-
liability Analysis and Upgrading. Guideline series
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Mar 76,75p EPA/450/2-76/015, OAQPS-1.2-037
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-251 558.(PC A04/
MFA01)
This document emphasizes the key factors that affect
the reliability of a supplementary control system (SCS)
for stack emissions of sulfur dioxide and presents an
analytical concept applicable to the analysis of SCS re-
liability.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, In-
dustrial wastes, Reliability, Monitoring, Meteorological
data, Forecasting, Mathematical analysis, Combustion
products, 'Air quality maintenance, 'Air pollution sup-
plementary control systems.
PB-260 646/9 PC A03/MF A01
Handbook of Procedures Construction Grants
Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works. Transmittal memo.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Aug 76,36p* EPA/MCD-03.1, TM-76-1
See also PB-257 263.
This handbook transmits additions and corrections to
the Construction Grants Handbook of Procedures
based upon directives issued subsequent to its print-
ing.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Construction, 'Grants, Handbooks, Industrial
plants, Revisions, Municipalities, Cost engineering,
Regulations.
PB-260 6SO/7 PC A09/MF A01
Manual of References (Regulation*, Guidance,
Procedure*). Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Work* Construction Grant* Program. Supplement
No. 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Aug 76,198p* EPA/MCD-02.1
42 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB-257 262.
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives issued after the Manual of Refer-
ences, MCD-02, was published.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Municipalities, 'Grants, Manuals, Regulations,
Policies, Construction, StatesfUnited States),
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-260 654/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Source Separation - the Community Awareness
Program In Somervlll* and Marblehead, Ma**a-
chuMtta.
Resource Planning Associates, Cambridge, Mass.
Nov 78.92p EPA/B30/SW-551
Grants EPA-S-803683-01, EPA-S-8037S8-01
(PCA05/MFA01)
This report contains the results of studies conducted
to determine the feasibility of multlmaterial source sep-
aration (separation of solid waste by the homeowner
into recyclable components - paper, glass, and cans -
and nonrecyclable components) In the communities of
Somerville and Marblehead, Massachusetts. The
report is focused on the community awareness pro-
grams that were planned and implemented for each
community. A detailed description is presented of the
planning and Implementation of the community aware-
ness programs In the two target communities, with
evaluations of each phase of the programs. A concise,
general guide to planning and implementing such pro-
grams for other communities, based on the practical
experience gained in Somerville and Marblehead is
also provided.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Households, 'Urban planning, Publicity, Projects,
Massachusetts, Feasibility, Separation, Municipalities,
Mass communication, Source separation, Nonrecycla-
ble components, Waste recycling,
'Somerville(Massachusetts),
'Marblehead(Massachusetts).
PB-260 661/4 PC A03/MF A02
Air Quality Dsta-1968 Annual Statistic*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
1968,50p EPA/450/2-76/017
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality. The air quality statistics shown In this publi-
cation are produced directly from computer reports
generated by EPA's on-line computer system. The
data In this publication are being republlshed in the
new revised format currently being used. Some of the
data In this publication have been revised as a result of
a recent effort to improve the quality of the past data.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Statistical data,
State«(United States), Tables(Data), Particles, Sulfur
oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Oxldizers, Hydrocarbons, 'Air quality data.
PB-260 662/2 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Dita-1069 Annual Statistic*. Final rept.
environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76,55p EPA/450/2-76/018
This report Is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality. The air quality statistics shown in this publi-
cation are produced directly from computer reports
generated by EPA's on-line computer system. The
data In this publication are being republished In the
new revised format currently being used. Some of the
data In this publication have been revised as a result of
• recent effort to Improve the quality of the past data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Statistical data,
State*(Unlted States). Tables(Oata). Particles, Sulfur
oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Oxidlzers, Hydrocarbons, 'Air quality data.
PB-260 666/5 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mas*.
Region 1.
Economic Law Enforcement. Volume II. Strength-
ening Environmental Law Enforcement: Air Pollu-
tion. Final rept.
Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Hart-
ford.
Sep 75,329p EPA/901 /9-76/003b
See also Volume 1 dated Sep 75, PB-258 531.(PC
A15/MFA01)
The document is part of a six-volume set entitled 'Eco-
nomic Law Enforcement' which has been prepared by
the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protec-
tion. The series describes a promising approach to the
enforcement of environmental laws now being imple-
mented and tested in Connecticut. The new approach,
through the use of administratively imposed civil penal-
ties, uses economic incentives that can be adjusted to
meet different levels of resistance or cooperation. At
most, the penalty to a violator would not exceed the
cost of meeting his environmental requirements. It
thus removes the economic advantage of deferring
clean up activities without being unduly harsh.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Law enforce-
ment, 'Economic factors, Standards, Requirements,
Cost analysis, Connecticut, Handbooks, Assessments,
Methodology, Management, Air pollution standards,
Standards compliance, Violations.
PB-260 729/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Development of a Mathematical Water Quality
Model for Grays Harbor and the Chehall* River,
Washington. Documentation rept.
Battslle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash.
Oct 74,67p
Contract EPA-68-01 -1807
(PCA04/MFA01)
In this report combined models simulate concentra-
tions of water quality parameters.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Mathematical models.
'Grays Harbor Estuary, 'Chehalis River, Simulation,
Nitrogen, Salinity, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Chlorophylls, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Conform bacteria, Sulfltes, Washlngton(State),
f Model studies, Porter(Washington).
PB-260 742/2 PC A12/MF A01
Award* Register: Grant* Assistance Program*.
Volume I. Lilting Award* During January-June of
FY 1976, Except State and Local Assistance
Award*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Nov76,273p' EPA/GAD/1-76/003
See also PB-253 081 .(PC A12/MF A01)
The publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of January-June, Fiscal Year 1976,
for research, demonstration, training and fellowship
programs. A brief project description for each research
ana demonstration grant administered by Headquar-
ters is contained in Section Two, arranged in ascend-
ing order of the Grant identification Number. A Grant
Number Index is included to assist cross-referencing
Into Section One material. Section Three provides a
cross-walk for use In Identifying the program and sub-
program area of a grant. This conversion Is based
upon classification of programs by the Office of Re-
search and Development and the assignment of Pro-
gram Element Numbers by their staff.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Solid waste disposal, Radioac-
tive wastes, Tables(Data), Research projects, Sewage
treatment, Education, Pesticides, Hazardous materi-
als.
PB-260 809/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Whitman Lake, Nel*on and Walsh Counties, North
Dakota Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophicatton Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Oct 76,35p Working Paper-578
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nov., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loading* to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Whitman Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Nelson County(North
Dakota), Walsh County(North Dakota).
PB-260 860/2 PC A02/MF A01
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Study
of Energy and Resource Recovery, Chautauqua
County, New York. Summary rept.
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Aug76,21p
Prepared by Gilbert/Commonwealth Associates,
Reading, Pa. Prepared in cooperation with Chautau-
qua County Planning Board, Mayville, N.Y. See also
PB-260 881.
Resource recovery from wastes generated In Chautau-
qua County Is analyzed in this comprehensive study.
Presently there is about 8.26 pounds of municipal,
commercial and industrial solid wastes generated
each day for each person In the County or 192,100
tons per year. By 1985 it is projected that this will in-
crease to 204,715 tons per year. Of these totals ap-
proximately 70% of municipal-commercial wastes and
50% of the Industrial wastes are combustible and,
therefore, present an energy recovery potential. The
non-combustible portions present materials recovery
potential. It is the feasibility potential of energy/materi-
als resource recovery from Chautauqua County
wastes that is evaluated in this report.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Fuels, 'Systems analysis, Reclamation, Refuse dis-
posal, Regional planning, Industrial wastes, Economic
analysis, New York, Chautauqua County(New York),
•Waste recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB-260 861/0 PC A18/MF A01
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Study
of Energy and Resource Recovery, Chautauqua
County, New York.
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Aug76,414p
Prepared by Gilbert/Commonwealth Associates,
Reading, Pa. Prepared in cooperation with Chautau-
qua County Planning Board, Mayville, N.Y. See also
PB-260 860.
This report is a comprehensive study of solid waste
generation in Chautauqua County and the potential for
energy and materials recovery from these wastes.
There are six major topics presented In this report, all
evolving around the feasibility evaluation of a munici-
pal waste resource recovery system. These topic
areas are: The existing solid waste disposal system
and determination of waste quantities for design pa-
rameters by a field weighing program; Examination of
existing and potential energy and materials markets
which would utilize the recovered waste products;
Review of existing energy resource recovery technol-
ogies applicable to Chautauqua County energy mar-
kets; Study of waste transport schemes for various re-
source recovery processing plant/fuel user locations;
Determination of specific solid and gaseous refuse de-
rived fuel systems and application to site-specific
energy user conditions; Suggested implementation
strategy.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Materials recovery,
•Fuels, 'Management planning, Refuse disposal, Syn-
thetic fuels, Transportation, Classification, Industrial
waates, Shredding, Iron, Cost analysis, Cost esti-
mates, Sanitary landfills, Design criteria, Waste proc-
essing, Process charting, Demography, Financing,
TablesfData), New York, Metal recycling, "Waste recy-
cling, Refuse derived fuels, Waste transfer stations,
Chautauqua County(New York).
PB-260 677/6 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
December 1983 43
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A Computer Simulation Model-for Analyzing
Mobil* Source Air Pollution Control Strategies
Final rept. Nov 74-Aug 76.
MATHTEC, Inc., Princeton. N.J.
Sep 76,1 B9p EPA/600/5-76/010
Contract EPA-68-01 -2952
This report describes MATHAlfl, a computer model
mobile source air pollutants. Vehicle miles travele
(VMT) for different modes of ground transportation are
predicted by a transportation module. Given VMT pre-
dictions, an inventory of stationary sources of mobile
source pollutants and certain other inputs for the urban
area, pollutant emissions are calculated using EPA-de-
vetoped relations. A linear rollback air quality module
then predicts ambient pollutant concentrations. Finally
strategy costs and benefits due to damage reduction
are calculated. A set of experiments were performed
for four selected urban regions using MATHAIR.
MATHAIR casts all strategy costs (including the imput-
ed social cost of trips foregone or induced by a strat-
egy) and all benefits in dollar terms so that strategies
can be compared in terms of their total impact. A base-
line, zero control strategy and four strategies of in-
creasing stringency are defined and simulated over a
ten-year horizon. One general conclusion suggested
by the results of the test is that it is economically ineffi-
cient to impose the same program of controls in differ-
ent urban regions. Another conclusion is that the con-
trol strategies are very sensitive to certain input data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Mathematical
models, 'Urban planning, Automobiles, Transportation
planning, Travel, Air pollution, Strategy, Benefit cost
analysis, District of Columbia, MATHAIR computer
program, Stationary sources, Mobile sources, Los
Angeles/California), New York(New York),
Chicago(lllinois), Case studies.
PB-260 880/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Valence State* of Sulfur In Pollution Samples by
X-Ray Analysis. Interim rept. Jun 76-Jun 76,
Naval Research Lab., Washington, D.C.
J. V. Gilfrich, M. C. Peckerar, and L. S. Birks. Oct 76,
24p EPA/600/2-76/265
(PCA02/MFA01)
A flat single crystal spectrometer was configured to
measure the valence band x-ray spectra of various
forms of sulfur in air pollutants. While most different
valence states showed differences in the structure of
the K sub beta band, particular emphasis was placed
on distinguishing sulfide from sulfate in samples simu-
lating pollution paniculate collections. The relative
fraction of sulfide and sulfate in samples containing as
low as 25 micrograms per sq cm total sulfur can be
measured with an accuracy of about 10%.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'X ray spectra, 'Spectroscopic
analysis, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Measurement,
SuKates, Air pollution. Particles. Suffides.
PB-260 881/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Susceptibility of Woody Plant* to Sulfur Dioxide
and Photochemical OxMant*. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. Greg. Terres-
trial Ecology Branch.
Donald D. Davis, and Raymond G. Wilhour. Sep 76,
83p EPA/600/3-76/102
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania State
Univ., University Park. Center for Air Environment
Studies.
This report presents the result of a detailed review of
European and United States literature regarding the
sensitivity of woody vegetation to sulfur dioxide,
ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), or nitrogen oxides.
Reference is made to Russian, Japanese and Austrian
literature only when species examined are commer-
cially important in the United States. The manner In
which the original susceptibility data were collected
may influence the relative position of a species in a
composite susceptibility table. Therefore, many origi-
nal tables are presented for individual Interpretation of
susceptibility. Composite summary susceptibility
tables are also presented for each pollutant
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plants(Botany), 'Sulfur
cfioxkJe, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Photochemical reac-
tions. Sensitivity, ConcentrationfComponitfon),
Trees(Plants), Shrubs, Tolerances(Physlology), Toxic
tolerances, Exposure, Pulp mills, Sulfite pulps,
Tables(Data), Oxidizers, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Plants), Photochemical oxidants.
PB-260 882/6 PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Data • 1974 Third Quarter Statistics.
Final rept. Jul-Sep 74.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Oct 76,154p EPA/450/2-76/022
See also PB-257 806.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regions, Statistical data,
Summarizing, States(Unlted States), Local govern-
ment, National government, Networks, Monitoring,
Municipalities, Regulations, Quality, Counties, Sites,
Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxidizers, Ozone, Air pollution
standards, Air quality maintenance, Air quality control
regions, Aerometric and emissions reporting system,
Clean Air Act, Implementation air pollution planning
program, National ambient air quality standards, Stor-
age and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB-260 886/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Rselfoot Lake, Oblon County, Tennessee. Final
rept. 1976.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,40p Working Paper-453
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Reelfoot Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management. Tennessee, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Obion CountyfTennessee).
PB-260 887/5 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Wast*wat*r Management Program, Jamaica Bay,
New York. Volume I. Summary Report. Final rept.
1969-1974,
Lcdwig (H. F.) and Associates Engineering-Science,
Inc., Arcadia, Calif.
Donald L. Feuerstein, and William O. Maddaus. Sep
76,200p EPA/600/2-76/222
See also Volume 2 dated Sep 76. PB-258 308. Pre-
pared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Water Resources, New York.
The Jamaica Bay ecosystem and wastewater dis-
charges to the bay were characterized during a com-
prehensive 3-year study. The primary objective of the
project was the development of management criteria
and procedures for the bay ecosystem, with major em-
phasis on combined sewer overflow management to
provide for water contact recreation in the bay. Analy-
sis of the sampling results and the output of the hydro-
logic models developed during the project demonstrat-
ed that: (1) The four municipal sewage treatment facili-
ty effluents are the major sources of organic and nutri-
ent materials discharged to the bay; (2) combined
sewer overflows represent significant sources of solids
and conforms to the bay; (3) the Spring Creek com-
bined sewer overflow treatment facility will provide
substantial benefit In reducing overall pollution from
combined sewer overflows in the Jamaica Bay drain-
age basin; and (4) treatment of combined sewer over-
flows from the Paerdegat Basin will provide the next
greatest benefit to the quality of the bay. Recommen-
dations are presented on the most cost-effective de-
velopment of a wastewater management program for
the Jamaica Bay drainage basin.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sewage treatment, 'Ja-
maica Bay, Surveys, Waste water, Water quality man-
agement, Combined sewers. Overflows, Colifonm bac-
teria, Recommendations, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Cost effectiveness, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Metals, Concentration(Composition), Recreation,
Land use, Tables(Data), New York, 'Water quality
data, Organic loadings, Heavy metals.
PB-260 889/1
PC A22/MF A01
Proceedings Urban Stormwater Management
Seminars Held at Atlanta, Georgia on Nov 4-8,
1975, and Denver, Colorado on Dec 2-4 1975,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Water Planning.
Dennis N. Athyde. Jan 76,513p*
Contract EPA-68-01-3565
This project was designed to provide initial guidance
for the development of work plans pursuant to Section
208 of PL 92-500. Three areas are discussed. The first
is problem assessment for pollution from unban storm-
water runoff. The second area covered discusses
means to control pollution, and the third area deals
with the legal, Institutional, and financial aspects of
controlling urban stormwater runoff for pollution abate-
ment. The report of the two seminars includes tran-
scribed tapes of question and answer periods which
were held after each of the three areas were dis-
cussed. Included is a bibliography on institutional ar-
rangements.
Keywords: 'Storms, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Urban areas, 'Meetings, Management,
Law(Jurisprudence), Financial management. Com-
bined sewers, Design, Mathematical models, Soil ero-
sion, Decision making, Assessments, Reviews, Bib-
liographies, 'Storm water runoff, 'Urban hydrology, In-
stitutional framework, Public Law 92-500.
PB-260 891/7 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Audubon Lake, McLean County, North Dakota.
Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 76,25p Working Paper-566
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. AN data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Audubon Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, McLean County(North
Dakota).
PB-260 892/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Devils Lake, Benson and Ramsey Counties, North
Dakota. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis. Oreg.
Sep 76,27p Working Paper-589
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Devils Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates. Pollution
44 Vol. 83, NO. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Benson County(North Dakota),
Ramsey County(North Dakota).
PB-260 893/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Moultrie, Berkeley County, South Carolina.
Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 76,45p Working Paper-435
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total
the
lual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Moultrie, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Berkeley County(South
Carolina).
PB-260 896/6 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Ecologi-
cal Effects Research Div.
Aspects of Phosphite Utilization by Blue-Green
Alga*. Final rept.,
Herbert H. Lehman Coll., Bronx, N.Y.
Thomas E. Jensen, and Linda Sicko-Qoad. Sep 76,
136p EPA/600/3-76/ 103
Grant EPA-R-80043 1-03-0
The effects of various external phosphate concentra-
tions on physiological and cytological aspects of Plec-
tonema boryanum have been studied. P. boryanum
was found to tolerate a wide range of phosphate con-
centrations, from 1 to 1 0CX) mg of phosphate per liter.
Growth of the alga In these concentrations was char-
acterized by changes in the subcellular distribution of
phosphorus-containing compounds and in ultrastruc-
tural changes which were monitored by transmission
electron microscopy. Culturing the alga in phosphate-
free or phosphate deficient medium led to general re-
ductions of phosphate In all cell fractions examined,
with the most dramatic decrease In both short and long
chain polyphosphates. The alga was not able to utilize
the condensed phosphate, sodium tri-polyphosphate,
without prior hydrolysis of this compound to ortho-
phosphate.
Keywords: "Plant physiology, 'Cyanophyta, 'Phos-
phorus cycle, 'Ecology, 'Aquatic biology, * Algae, Me-
tabolism, Growth curves, Btoassay, Inorganic phos-
phates, Electron microscopy, Culture media, Nutrients,
Plant ecology, Cell morphology, Plant cells, Hydrolysis,
Temperature, Concentration(ComposKlon), 'Plecton-
ema boryanum.
PB-260 905/8 PC AOT/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Matala 1970 Through 1974
from the National Air Surveillance Networks. Final
rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Statistical and Technical Analysis
Gerald G. Akland. Aug 76, 166p EPA/600/4-76/041
See also PB-224 823
This report lists the urban and nonurban concentra-
tions of 1 1 metallic component* of suspended partlcu-
late matter from samples gathered during calendar
""
""?«« 1970 through 1974 by the cooperating stations
of the National Air Surveillance Network (NASN). The
oata are presented as a quarterly composite concen-
tration value for each site for each of the four quarters
°1 we calendar year. (Portions of this document are
Keywo[d?: "Air pollution, 'Metals, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Particles, Tables(Data), Urban areas, Rural
areas, 'Air quality data.
PB-260 906/3 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Index to the Report of the Secretary's Commis-
sion on Pesticides and Their Relationship to Envi-
ronmental Health,
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
Sharon L Valley. 1969,316p DHEW/PUBL/NIH-72/
269, EPA/540/9-69/002(HEW)
Contents:
Introduction;
Chemical substance index;
Subject index;
Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
'lndexes(Documentation), Bibliographies, Environ-
ments, Ecology, Public health, Hazards, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Insecticides, Recommendations,
DDT, Aldrin, 'Environmental health, Toxic substances,
DDE pesticide, ODD pesticide, Dieldrln.
PB-260 907/1 PC A03/MF A01
Viruses In Waste, Renovated, and Other Watera.
1975 Uterature Abstracts,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, and F. Dianne White. Oct 76,33p EPA/
600/9-76/019
See also PB-245 957.
The bibliography contains abstracts of published
papers on viruses In water, waste water systems and
sewage for 1975. The abstracts cover the detection,
removal, and concentration of viruses from various
water sources.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies,
Microorganisms, Sewage, Waste water, Effluents,
Viral diseases, Abstracts, Waste treatment, Water
quality, Microbiology, 'Water pollution control.
PB-260 908/9 PC A03/MF A01
A Survey of Commercially Available Automatic
Waatawater Samplers.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Instrumentation Development Branch.
Sep 76,42p* EPA/600/4-76/051
This is a survey of commercial automatic wastewater
samplers that are currently available. Pertinent charac-
teristics for wastewater samplers known to the author
are tabularlzed. Additional commentsjncludlng short
descriptions of each manufacturer^ equipment are
given. Manufacturers names and addresses are in-
cluded. A literature review of the more recent reports
on automatic wastewater samplers Is also Included.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Waste water, 'Surveys,
•Water analysis, water pollution, Sampling, Monitor-
ing, Design criteria, Sewage, Industrial wastes, Field
tests, Performance evaluation, Automation, Reviews,
•Water pollution sampling.
PB-260 909/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Dlv.
Paattetde Container Processing In Commercial
Reconditioning Facilities.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Environmental Sciences
Center.
Warren S. Staton, John G. Lamperton, and Harold R.
Day. Nov 76,27p EPA/630/SW-534,, EPA/SW-88d
Grant EPA-5-Q-06-00222
The drum reconditioning Industry In the United States
currently reconditions many pesticide containers. Cost
Incentives to recondition pesticide containers exist, but
the problems of residual pesticide and waste-water
treatment require study. Reconditioning Is accom-
plished by two different methods - use of heated
chemical solutions or Incineration followed by an abra-
sive treatment. This paper covers one phase of sever-
al related which addressed collection and Impound-
ment, preprocessing, movement of containers to com-
mercial reconditioning facilities or to scrap, processing
in commercial facilities, washwater treatment, and
container scrap off-gas treatment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Containers, 'Cleaning, 'Rec-
lamation, Chemical cleaning, Abrasion, Incineration,
Hazardous materials, Sampling, Rinsing, Waste proc-
essing, Incineration.
PB-260 910/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sulfur Dioxide Photooxldatlon Rates and Aerosol
Formation Mechanisms. A Smog Chamber Study.
Final rept.,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
W. C. Kocmond, and J. Y. Yang. Aug 76, 89p
CALSPAN-NA-5365-M-3, EPA/600/3-76/090
Contract EPA-68-02-1231
The objective of the investigation was to obtain smog
chamber data pertaining to the oxidation of sulfur diox-
ide Into sulfate under simulated urban and rural atmos-
pheric conditions. Tasks were performed on various
systems ranging from HC + nitrogen oxide + SO2 to
clean air + S02 mix. Emphasis was placed on the
rates of SO2 photooxldation and on chemical charac-
terization of aerosol products. Results were interpret-
ed to suggest that the major SO2 oxidation process is
the reaction of sulfur dioxide with OH radicals. Other
findings are reported.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Photoche-
mical reactions, Test chambers, Simulation, Urban
areas, Rural areas, Aerosols, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfates, Mixtures, Reaction
kinetics, Smog, Oxidation, Hydroxyl radicals, Propy-
lene.
PB-260 913/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dlv. of Water Supply,
Evaluation of Back Flow Prevention Devices: A
8tate-of-the-Art Report. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Center for Building Technology.
Grover C. Sherlin, and Robert W. Beausollel. Jun 76,
142p* NBSIR-76-1070
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Dlv. of Water Supply.
A significant potential for potable water supply con-
tamination exists within all water supply systems due
to backf low and cross connections. Surveillance of the
water supplies to protect from such hazards requires
continuing vigilance by the administrators of cross-
connection control programs, and continuing upgrad-
ing of technical criteria and methods of evaluation. The
Environmental Protection Agency assists local (usually
municipal) authorities, through the State water supply
agency, In establishing and operating cross-connec-
tion control programs. Essential to these programs are
(1) Information on the suitability of commercially avail-
able devices for use in potentially high-hazard loca-
tions, and (2) practical and effective standardized test
methods for evaluation of devices. The National
Bureau of Standards investigation reported herein ad-
dresses the two needs identified. This study Includes a
systematic review of the literature, together with con-
sultations and visits with water purveyors, plumbing of-
ficials, laboratory officials and researchers In this field.
Emphasis has been placed on those devices, test
methods, and laboratory practices considered most
essential to an effective assessment of the state-of-
the-art. Also, test development needs were Identified
In a few area* of greatest concern.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pipelines, 'Water
pollution, Water supply, Back pressure, Pipe joints,
Hazards, Piping systems, Building codes, * Backf low
contamination.
PB-260 916/4 PC A09/MF A01
Air Pollution Abstracts. Volume 1, Number 6,1970,
Abstracts 1-687.
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
1970.181p APABCA-1 (5)(1970)
NAPCA Abstract Bulletin.
The periodical is published to inform air pollution
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (El
per-
JPA),
and others, of technical literature* recently'acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, Its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject field*
December 1983 45
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
are as follows: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This Issue contains
abstracts 1 - 687.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Periodicals, Abstracts, An-
nouncement bulletins.
PB-260 918/8 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
State-of-the-Art Military Explosive* and Propel-
lants Production Industry. Volume II. Wastewater
Characterization. Final rept.,
American Defense Preparedness Association, Wash-
ington, D.C.
James Patterson, Norman I. Shapita, John Brown,
William Duckert, and Jack Poison. Aug 76,273p EPA/
600/2-76/213b
Grant EPA-R-802872
This study has surveyed the military explosives and
prqpellant manufacturing industry, covering both
'GOGO' and 'GOGO' facilities. Sources of wastewater,
volumes, and pollutant constituents have been report-
ed where such data existed. Treatment technology
currently in use at the various installations has been
described, including effectiveness of pollutant removal
and secondary (air and solid) waste generation. Sys-
tems under development at these military installations
have also been examined and evaluated in light of
available information. The report consists of three vol-
umes. Volume I presents general conclusions and rec-
ommendations and describes the industry's manufac-
turing operations. Volume II presents the bulk of the
data concerning the wastewaters and the treatment
systems now in place. Volume III reviews and summa-
rizes data from the first two volumes and describes
and evaluates the new treatment processes under de-
velopment at this time.
Keywords: 'Explosives, 'Propellents, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Tables(Data), Process charting,
Concentration(Composition), Acetic acid, RDX, HMX,
Formulations, Nitroglycerin, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid,
Ammonium nitrate, Dinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene,
Tethyl, Cellulose nitrate, Monitoring, Waste treatment,
Liquid wastes, Solid wastes, Guanidine/nitro.
PB-260 919/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas. Nev.
Monitoring Qroundwater Quality: Economic
Framework and Principles,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, Calif. TEMPO.
Robert L Crouch, Ross D. Eckert, and Donald D.
Rugg. Sep 76,107p' GE75TMP-71, EPA/600/4-76/
Contract EPA-68-01 -0759
The report discusses the economic considerations in
selecting an optimal groundwater quality monitoring
system. Section I argues that poor specification of the
property rights in groundwater is a major cause of ex-
cessive pollution. Section II examines groundwater ad-
judication and legislation and notes that government
intervention through the authority of PL 92-500 will
take the form of government-established and -en-
forced groundwater quality standards. Section III dis-
cusses the overall costs and benefits to society in-
volved in groundwater quality monitoring. Section IV
discusses monitoring needs for establishment of qual-
ity standards and their enforcement, and develops a
cost-benefit framework for the analysis of groundwater
quality monitoring. Section V examines an alternative
regulatory approach based on "waste relocation rights'
for property owners. These rights would protect prop-
erty owners' groundwater from pollution by others
through specifying allowable pollutant levels. They
would be transferable in the marketplace (like mineral
rights) and enforcement of them would be carried out
in the courts.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Monitoring, 'Law enforcement. Water rights,
Legislation, Water pollution, Benefit cost analysis, Hy-
46 Vol. 83, Nc. 26
drogeology, Law(Jurisprudence), Optimization, Speci-
fications, Cost analysis, Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution standards.
PB-260 920/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Procedures for Evaluating Operations of Water
Monitoring Networks,
URS Research Co., San Mateo, Calif.
Ruth W. Shnider, and Edwin S. Shapiro. Sep 76,81 p
URS-7431, EPA/600/4-76/050
Contract EPA-68-03-0473
The report is designed as a manual to evaluate the effi-
ciency of surface-water quality monitoring networks
whose primary objective is to document compliance
with or progress toward attaining ambient water quality
standards. The manual provides methods to evaluate
the efficiency of each of seven operational areas: Net-
work Plan and Design, Personnel, Facilities and Equip-
ment, Sampling Quality Assurance, Data Distribution
and Dissemination, and Agency Interactions. A tech-
nique is presented for the overall integrated evaluation
of the operational areas. A final section provides meth-
ods to evaluate the efficiency of budgetary allocations.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Surface
waters, 'Monitoring, Manuals, Management, Cost en-
gineering, Efficiency, Personnel, Evaluation, Oper-
ations research, Test facilities, Test equipment, Water
pollution standards, Water pollution sampling.
PB-260 930
see price codes for individual reports
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971-73,49 reports
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follows: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. Other Individual
documents are also available:
APABCA-lndex-1(1971). Index to Vol 1, No. 11 -
Vol. 2, Nos. 1-4 (December 1970-April 1971).
1971,398p, PCA17/MFA01 PB-260 931/1
APABCA-lndex-2(1971). Index to Vol. 2, Nos. 5-10
(May-October 1971). 1971,638p, PC A99/MF
A01 PB-260 932/9
APABCA-2-1 -1971. Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1971.
Jan 71,199p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260 933/7
APABCA-2-2-1971. Vol. 2, No. 2, February 1971.
Feb 71,314p, PC A14/MF A01 PB-260 934/5
APABCA-2-3-1971. Vol. 2, No. 3, March 1971. Mar
71,280p,PCA13/MFA01 PB-280 935/2
APABCA-2-5-1971. Vol. 2, No. 5, May 1971. May
71,140p, PC A07/MF A01 PB-260 936/0
APABCA-2-7-1971. Vol. 2, No. 7, July 1971. Jul 71,
431p,PCA19/MFA01 PB-260 937/8
APABCA-2-8-1971. Vol. 2, No. 8, August 1971. Aug
71,338p, PCA15/MFA01 PB-280 938/6
APABCA-2-9-1971. Vol. 2, No. 9, September 1971.
Sep71,320p,PCA14/MFA01 PB-260 939/4
APABCA-2-10-1971. Vol. 2, No. 10, October 1971.
Oct71,345p,PCA15/MFA01 PB-260 940/2
APABCA-2-11 -1971. Vol. 2, No. 11, November
1971.Nov71,173p,PCA08/MFA01 PB-260
941/0
APABCA-lndex-2(1972). Index to Vol. 3, Nos. 7-12,
1972.1972,84p, PC A05/MFA01 PB-260
942/8
APABCA-3-1 -1972. Vol. 3, No. 1, January 1972.
Jan72,216p. PCA10/MFA01 PB-260 943/6
APABCA-3-2-1972. Vol. 3, No. 2, February 1972.
Feb 72,169p, PC A08/MF A01 PB-260 944/4
APABCA-3-3-1972. Vol. 3, No. 3, March 1972. Mar
72,211p, PCA10/MFA01 PB-260 945/1
APABCA-3-4-1972. Vol. 3, No. 4, April 1972. Apr
72,158p,PCA08/MFA01 PB-260 946/9
APABCA-3-5-1972. Vol. 3, No. 5, May 1972. May
72,173p, PC A08/MF A01 PB-260 947/7
APABCA-3-6-1972. Vol. 3, No. 6, June 1972. Jun
72,195p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260 948/5
APABCA-3-9-1972. Vol. 3, No. 9, September 1972,
Sep72,247p, PCA11/MFA01 PB-260 949/3
APABCA-3-12-1972. Vol. 3, No. 12, December
1972. Dec 72,179p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260
950/1
APABCA-lndex-1 (1973). Index to Vol. 4, Nos. 1 -6,
January-June 1973.1973,64p, PC A04/MF A01
PB-260 951/9
APABCA-lndex-2(1973). Index to Vol. 4, Nos. 7-12,
July-December 1973.1973,65p, PC A04/MF
A01 PB-260 952/7
APABCA-4-5-1973. Vol. 4, No. 5, May 1973. May
73,119p, PC A06/MF A01 PB-260 953/5
APABCA-4-6-1973. Vol. 4, No. 6, June 1973. Jun
73,202p, PCA10/MFA01 PB-260 954/3
APABCA-4-7-1973. Vol. 4, No. 7, July 1973. Jul 73,
93p, PC A05/MF A01 PB-260 955/0
APABCA-4-9-1973. Vol. 4, No. 9, September 1973.
Sep 73,139p, PC A07/MF A01 PB-260 956/8
APABCA-4-10-1973. Vol. 4, No. 10. October 1973.
Oct 73,164p, PC A08/MF A01 PB-260 957/6
APABCA-4-11-1973. Vol. 4, No. 11, November
1973. Nov 73,217p, PC A10/MFA01 PB-260
958/4
APABCA-4-12-1973. Vol. 4, No. 12, December
1973. Dec 73,98p, PCA05/MFA01 PB-260
959/2
APABCA-5-1 -1974. Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1974.
Jan74, 228p, PCA11/MFA01 PB-260 980/0
APABCA-5-2-1974. Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1974.
Feb 74,119p, PC A06/MF A01 PB-260 961/8
APABCA-5-3-1974. Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1974. Mar
74,161p, PCA08/MFA01 PB-260 962/6
APABCA-5-4-1974. Vol. 5, No. 4, April 1974. Apr
74,165p, PC A08/MF A01 PB-260 963/4
APABCA-5-5-1974. Vol. 5, No. 5, May 1974. May
74,122p, PC A06/MF A01 PB-260 984/2
APABCA-5-6-1974. Vol. 5, No. 6. June 1974. Jun
74,229p, PCA11/MFA01 PB-260 965/9
APABCA-lndex-2(1974). Index to Vol. 5, Nos. 7-12,
July-December 1974.1974,98p, PC A05/MF
A01 PB-260 966/7
APABCA-lndex-1 (1975. Index to Vol. 6, Nos. 1-6,
January-June 1975.1975, 79p, PC A05/MF A01
PB-260 967/5
APABCA-6-2-1975. Vol. 6, No. 2, February 1975.
Feb 75,129p, PC A07/MF A01 PB-260 968/3
APABCA-6-4-1975. Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1975. Apr
75,206p, PCA10/MFA01 PB-260969/1
APABCA-6-5-1975. Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1975. May
75,268p, PCA12/MFA01 PB-260 970/9
APABCA-6-6-1975. Vol. 6, No. 6, June 1975. Jun
75,295p, PCA13/MFA01 PB-260 971/7
APABCA-6-7-1975. Vol. 6, No. 7, July 1975. Jul 75,
177p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260 972/5
APABCA-6-8-1975. Vol. 6, No. 8, August 1975. Aug
75, 200p, PCA09/MFA01 PB-280 973/3
APABCA-6-9-1975. Vol. 6, No. 9, September 1975.
Sep75,172p,PCA08/MFA01 PB-280 974/1
APABCA-6-10-1975. Vol. 6, No. 10, October 1975.
Oct 75,189p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260 975/8
APABCA-6-11 -1975. Vol. 6, No. 11, November
1975. Nov 75,167p,PCA08/MF A01 PB-260
976/6
APABCA-6-12-1975. Vol. 6, No. 12, December
1975. Dec 75,133p,PCA07/MF A01 PB-260
977/4
APABCA-7-4-1976. Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1976. Apr
76,222p, PC A10/MF A01 PB-260 978/2
APABCA-7-5-1976. Vol. 7, No. 5, May 1976. May
76,160p, PC A09/MF A01 PB-260 979/0
PB-260 995/6 PC A2S/MF A01
AER08 Manual Scries. Volume III. Summary and
Retrieval.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
May 76, 699p EPA/450/2-76/009, QAOPS-1.2-040
See also PB-251 614.
Volume 3 of the AEROS Manual describes and Illus-
trates the reporting and analysis capabilities of the var-
ious AEROS systems. The reports available from each
of the major systems are described and their retrieval
options are explained. This manual also describes the
user access procedures for obtaining AEROS reports.
Standard publications of NADB for providing quarterly
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
or annual information on emissions and air quality are
described. Specific examples of applications of
AEROS data, and the use of AEROS reports are de-
scribed. The manual also gives an overview of the
Comprehensive Data Handling System (COHS), which
is an AEROS-related system Tor storing and reporting
air quality and emissions data. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.)
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Information retrieval, 'Man-
agement planning, 'Management information sys-
tems, Manuals, Reporting, Computer programming,
Exhaust emissions, Combustion products, Sources,
Data acquisition, Data processing, Air pollution abate-
ment, Summarizing, User needs, Particles,
Grids(Coordinates), Documents, Factor analysis, *Aer-
ometric and emissions reporting system, National
emissions data system, Storage and retrieval of aero-
metric data, Access, Source test data, Point sources,
Air quality maintenance.
PB-260 996/4 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs. •
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Agricultural Pest Control •
Animal.
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln.
Robert J. Florell. 1976,10p EPA/540/8-76/024
Contract EPA-68-01-2910
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, and
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. See also PB-257 723.
This guide contains basic Information to help the com-
mercial applicator meet specific requirements for ap-
plicators who are engaged in Agriculture-Animal pest
control. Because the guide was prepared to cover the
entire nation, some Information Important to a specific
state may not be Included.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, 'Livestock,
•Poultry, 'Agriculture, Manuals, Cattle, Sheep, Goats,
Swine, Horses, Mules, Sprayers, Safety, Donkeys.
PB-260 997/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Quid* for Commer-
cial Applicator*. Industrial, Institutional, Structural
and Health Related Pest Control,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.
Gary W. Bennet. 1976,18p EPA/640/8-76/025
Contract EPA-68-01-3117
See also PB-257 723. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, Terminlx Interna-
tional, Inc., Memphis, Tenn., and California State Poly-
technic Univ., Pomona.
The guide contains basic Information to help meet the
specific standards for applicators who are engaged In
Industrial, institutional, structural and health-related
pest control. Because the guide was prepared to cover
the entire nation, some Information important to specif-
ic states may not be Included. The State agency In
charge of training should be contacted for specific
State materials.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Pesticides, 'Manuals, Per-
sonnel, Utilization, Guidelines, Standards, Safety,
Rodent control, Insect control, Damage, Sanitary engi-
neering, Herbicides, Rodentlcldes, Insecticides, Poi-
sons, Parasites, Vertebrates, Weeds, Environmental
hearth, Applicators.
PB-260 998/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pntlddes Correctly. A Quid* for Commw-
o»l Applicators. Seed Treatment,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
Frank G. Bleberry. 1976,9p EPA/540/8-76/021
Contract EPA-68-01-2693
Prepared In cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, California Univ., Los Angeles, and Du
Pom de Nemours (E. I.) and Co., Wilmington. Del. See
also PB-257 723.
This guide contains basic information to help meet
•pacific standards for applicators who are engaged In
seed treatment pest control. Because the gun* was
prepared to cover the entire nation, some information
important to specific states may not be Included.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, 'Seeds, Man-
uals, Standards, Marking, Protection, Equipment,
Coloring.
PB-260 999/8 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Food Processing Pest Control,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Phillip K. Herein. 1976,15p EPA/540/8-76/026
Contract EPA-68-01-2651
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, Department of Agriculture, Savannah,
Ga., and General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. See
also PB-257 723.
This guide contains basic information to help meet the
specific standards for pesticide applicators in the food
and feed Industries. Because this guide was prepared
to cover the entire nation, some information important
to each state may not be included.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Food processing, 'Pest con-
trol, Manuals, Industrial plants, Life cycles, Insects,
Aerosols, Food storage, Mites, Blattidae, Dlptera, Ro-
dents, Birds, Dusting, Fumigation, Standards.
PB-261 000/4 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Aerial Application,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
John H. Wilson, Jr. 1976,11p EPA/540/8-76/027
Contract EPA-68-01-2903
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, and
Delaware Univ., Newark. See also Pb-257 723.
This guide contains basic information for aerial appli-
cators. Other guides are available to help meet the
specific national standards for commercial applicators
in various categories of pest control. Because the
guides were prepared to cover the entire nation, some
information Important to specific states may not be in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, Manuals, Dis-
persing, Sprayers, Spray nozzles, Vaporizing, Safety,
Weather, 'Environmental protection.
PB-261 001/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Oulda for Commer-
cial Applicator*. Public Health P«st Control,
California State Dept. of Health, Berkeley.
Don J. Womeldorf. 1976,13p EPA/540/8-76/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -2808
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta,
Ga., and Nebraska State Dept. of Health, Lincoln. See
also PB-257 723.
guide was prepared to cover the entire nation, some
Information Important to Individual states may not be
Included. For additional Information, contact the spe-
cific state training agency.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Pest control, 'Manuals,
Utilization, Guidelines, Standards, Safety, Rodent con-
trol, Insect control, Damage, Sanitary engineering, Dis-
ease vectors, Life cycles, Pesticides, Insecticides, Ro-
dentlcides, Vertebrates, Environmental health,
Appltcators(Personnel).
PB-281 002/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticide* Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
c5rApplicator*. RIght-Of-Way Paat Control,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Dean GTSwan. 1876,17p EPA/640/8-76/029
Contract EPA-68-01 -2263
Prepared In cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, Washington Stats Highway Commis-
sion, Otympta, and Minnesota Dept. of Highways, St.
Paul. Sea also PB-257 723.
This guide contains basic information to help meet
specific standards for applicators who are engaged in
right-of-way weed control. Because the guide was pre-
pared to cover the entire nation, some Information im-
portant to specific states might not be included.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Weed control, 'Highways,
Manuals, Plant growth, Plant regulators, Standards,
Grasses, Shrubs, Vegetation, States(United States),
Windward drift, Right of way acquisition.
PB-261 006/1 PC A08/MF A01
Substitute Chemical Program - The First Yaar of
Progress. Proceedings of a Symposium. Volume
III. Ecosystems/Modeling Workshop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul-1 Aug 75,154p* EPA/540/6-76/015
See also Volume 2, PB-260 415.
Partial contents:
Ecosystems/modeling workshop;
Progress and status report on terrestrial In-house
system;
Progress and status report on terrestrial microcosm
development;
The effects of mirex on the predator-prey
interactions in an experimental estuarine
ecosystem;
Effects of mlrex on the burrowing activity of the
lugworm (Arenicola cristate);
Mathematical modeling of pesticide fate;
Effects of pesticide use patterns on the Incidence
of plant disease and on patterns of pesticide
degradation;
Program of the office of toxic substances In relation
to microcosm methodology development, and
ecological effects program of the office of toxic
substances.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Pesticides, Environments,
Ecology, Plant diseases, Utilization, Degradation, Her-
bicides, Mathematical models, Fresh water, Environ-
mental chemical substitutes, 'Ecosystem models, Ter-
restrial ecosystems, Aquatic ecosystems, Mlrex, Pred-
ator prey relationships, Toxic sub
city, Microcosms.
ubstances, Phytotoxi-
PB-281 007/9 PC A10/MF A01
Substitute Chemical Program • The First Yaar of
Progress. Proceedings of a Symposium. Volume
IV. Chemical Methods Workshop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul-1 Aug 75,204p* EPA/540/6-76/016
See also Volume 3, PB-261 006.
Volume IV deals with Chemical Methods Workshop.
There are 13 papers, dealing with such areas as multlr-
esidue methodology; identification ot Impurities in
technical-grade pesticides; sensory chemical pesticide
warning system; analysis of pesticides and pesticide
metabolites by hyperflne labeling; mass spectrometry
methods development; automated cleanup and specif-
ic detector system for pesticide residue analysis; pesti-
cides in ambient air; in situ method for organophos-
phate Insecticides; toxic potentiators as by-products of
organophosphorus Insecticides; research programs of
the chemistry branch; microelectrorytic conductivity
detector.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Meetings. 'Project planning,
Chemical analysis, Residues, Hyperflne structure,
Chemical reactions, Spectrum analysis, Detection, Mi-
croelectronics, Isotopic labeling,
SynthBsls(Chemistry), Air pollution, Gas chromatogra-
pny, Mass spectrometry, Insecticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Water pollution, 'Environmental
chemical' substitutes, Procedures, Microelectronic
conductivity detectors.
PB-261 018/6 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs,
Assessment of Industrtaf Hazsrdou* Wast* Prac-
tleas, Leathar Tanning and. Finishing Industry.
Final rept. Jun 75-Nov 76,
SCS Engineers, Reston, Va.
E. T. Conrad, Gary L Mitchell, and David H. Bauer.
Nov76,244pEPA/SW-131c
Contract EPA-68-01-3261
(PCA11/MFA01)
December 1983 47
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report, which covers the leather tanning and fin-
ishing industry, is one of a series of studies which ex-
amine land-destined waste from selected industries.
For purposes of this study, the tanning industry has
been categorized by the types of process solid wastes
generated. A total of seven different categories were
established. Process solid wastes from the industry
consist primarily of pieces of leather in various stages
of processing and waste-water treatment sludges, vir-
tually every tannery waste stream (except those in
vegetable tanneries) was designated as potentially
hazardous. The concentration of heavy metals (par-
ticularly trivalent chromium, lead, copper, and zinc)
were found to be at levels such that the wastes con-
taining these constituents were considered to be po-
tentially hazardous. Literature concerning the hazard-
ous nature of trivalent chromium was conflicting.
Treatment of tannery wastes is restricted to the dewa-
tering of wastewater treatment sludges. Sludges and
other tannery wastes predominantly are being dis-
posed directly to the land. Approximately 60 percent of
the potentially hazardous tannery wastes is disposed
in some form of landfill with the remainder disposed in
trenches or lagoons. Estimates are given for the cost
of potentially hazardous waste treatment and disposal
for each category of tannery and for each of the three
levels of treatment and disposal.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Tanning materials,
'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste disposal, Method-
ology, Leather, Sludge disposal, Processing, Technol-
ogy, Surveys, Earth fills, Dewatering, Cost analysis,
Classifications, Technology, LagoonsfPonds), Industri-
al plants, 'Tanning Industry.
PB-261 019/4 PC A13/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesti-
cide* and Related Compound*, In Human and En-
vironmental Sample*. A Compendium of System-
atic Procedure* Designed to Assist In the Preven-
tion and Control of Analytical Problem*,
Lafayette Coll., Easton, Pa. Oept. of Chemistry.
Joseph Sherma.Feb 76,289prEPA/600/1-/6/017
Contract EPA-68-02-1727
This manual primarily provides the pesticide chemist
with a systematic protocol for the prevention and con-
trol of analytical procedures which arise in the analysis
of human or environmental media. The sections deal-
ing with inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the
evaluation and standardization of materials used, and
the operation of the gas chromatograph are intended
to highlight and provide advice in dealing with many
problems which constantly plague the pesticide analyt-
ical chemist. Section 7 discusses many aspects of the
problem areas involved in extraction and isolation
techniques for pesticides in various types of samples.
Techniques for confirming the presence or absence of
pesticides in sample materials are treated, at some
length. This highly important area provides validation
of the data obtained by the more routine analytical pro-
cedures. The gas chromatograph, being the principal
instrument currently used In pesticide analysis, often
•requires simple servicing or troubleshooting. A section
addressing some of these problems is included. Last,
but by no mean* least in importance, is a short disser-
tation of the value and need for systematic training
program* for pesticide chemists.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Manuals, 'Chemical analysis,
Flame photometry, Water pollution, Gas analysis, Gas
chromatography, Air pollution, Public health, Humans,
Standards, Detectors, Tissues(Biology), Herbicides,
Concentration(Composition), Water analysis, Extrac-
tion, Separation, Samples, Quality control, Residues,
Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, Animals,
Electrometers, Laboratory equipment, Sampling, Nu-
clear magnetic resonance, Spectroscopy, Spectro-
photometry, Polarography, Experimental design, Flu-
orescence, Soil analysis, Dust, Sediments, Food anal-
ysis, Flame photometry, Precipitation(Chemist/y), Car-
bamates, Blood chemical analysis, Urine, Phenols,
Naphthols, Bioassay, Chlorine organic compounds,
Thin I layer chromatography, Absorbers(Materials),
Procedures, Standard reference materials, Biphenyl/
chtoro, Flame conization detector, Phenol/pentach-
loro, Phenol/nitre, D2-4 herbicide, T2-4-S herbicide.
PB-261 044/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Solid Wa*te Shredding and Shredder Selection,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Harvey W. Rogers, and Steven J. Hitte. Mar 75,97p
EPA/530/SV\M40
This report presents the results of a study to develop a
rational procedure for the comparison and evaluation
of solid waste size reduction equipment.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Shredders, Me-
chanical engineering, Machinery, Metropolitan areas,
Performance evaluation, Comparison, Criteria, Selec-
tion, Equipment, Shredding, Size reduction.
PB-261 045/9 PC A03/MF A01
Baltimore Demonstrates Gas Pyroly*!*. The
Energy Recovery Solid Waat* Facility In Balti-
more, Maryland,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
David B. Sussman. 1974,31 p EPA/530/SW-75d.i
The primary objective of the project is to demonstrate
the technical and economical feasibility of recovering
energy from mixed municipal waste using a gaseous
pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the physical and chemi-
cal decomposition of organic matter brought about by
the action of heat in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.
In order to meet the objective, the City of Baltimore is
building a full size 1,000 ton per day plant that will re-
ceive mixed municipal solid waste, including white
goods (appliances), tires, and eventually sewage
sludge, the plant will generate steam, recover ferrous
metals, and produce char and a glassy aggregate
product. The project Includes the design, construction,
operation and evaluation of a system that will convert
most of the input waste into useable products. It will re-
ceive approximately one half of Baltimore's residential
solid waste.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Pyrolysis, 'Recla-
mation, 'Fuels, Refuse disposal, Boilers, Materials re-
covery, Pilot plants, Shredding, Residues, Process
charting, Cost estimates, Design, Refuse derived fuels,
Baltimore(Maryland), Waste recycling, Pyrolysis incin-
eration.
PB-261 046/7 PC A04/MF A01
Liner* for Land Disposal Site*. An Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Allen J. Geswein. Mar 75,72p EPA/530/SW-137
A relatively recent development in sanitary landfill
design technology Is the use of barriers to inhibit the
movement of leachate Into water sources. Many mate-
rials have been proposed and used as barrier* to line
land disposal sites. This paper discusses the use of
natural soils, asphalt treatments, polymeric mem-
branes, and treated soils as liner materials. Material
properties, construction methods, costs, future materi-
als, and leak detection are discussed. For each liner
material, a construction specification I* included.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
•Linings, 'Water pollution abatement, Leaching, Soil
properties, Asphalt, Polymers, Membranes, Cost esti-
mates, Construction.
PB-261 047/6
PC A16/MF A01
Comporting at Johnson City: Final Report on
Joint USEPA-TVA Composing Project with Oper-
ational Data, 1967 to 1971. Volume* I and II,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Program*.
Gordon E. Stone, Carlton C. Wiles, and Clarence A.
demons. Nov 75,360p EPA/530/SW-31r.2
Volume 1 formerly Open-file rept. no. EPA/530/SW-
3U.1.
The purposes of the project were related to the need
to investigate the technical and economical feasibility
of windrow composting as a method of managing mu-
nicipal refuse. The feasibility of composting sewage
sludge with the ground refuse was Investigated. Equip-
ment was evaluated and costs of various part* of the
process were determined. Potential health problem*
associated with composting municipal refuse with
sewage sludge were considered extremely Important,
therefore, the survival during composting of pathogen-
ic organisms in the refuse or sewage sludge was deter-
mined. In addition, the benefits available from using
the compost in various applications were evaluated.
An assessment was made of the economical benefit*
from using compost for agricultural, horticultural, or soil
amendment purposes. A determination was also made
as to the maximum amount of refuse compost that the
soil might accept without adverse effects. Results of
investigations conducted and operational experiences
from the project during the penod June 1967 to Sep-
tember 1969 are reported.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
'Composts, Sewage disposal, Sludge disposal, Agri-
cultural wastes, Pathology, Microorganisms, Cost esti-
mates, Feasibility, Tennessee, Sewage sludge, John-
son Clty(Tennessee).
PB-261 048/3 PC A02/MF A01
Mineral Recovery From the Noncombuitlbl* Frac-
tion of Municipal Solid Waste. A Proposed Project
to Demonstrate Incinerator Residue Recovery,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
David G. Arella, and Yvonne M. Garbe. Dec 75,20p
EPA/530/SW-82d.1
This report describes the recovery of metals and glass
from the noncombustible fraction of incinerated solid
wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Incinerators, 'Residues, Cost estimates, Iron, Sepa-
ration, Copper, Zinc, Aluminum, Glass, Process chart-
ing, Waste recycling.
PB-261 049/1 PC A06/MF A01
Incineration In Hazardous Wa*t* Management,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
A. C. Scurlock, A. W. Llndsey, T. Fields, Jr., and 0. R.
Huber. 1975,110p EPA/530/SW-141
This report presents an overview of the state-of-the-
art, summaries of data on various types of Incinerators,
and a list of general considerations to be addressed
when evaluating hazardous waste incineration ques-
tions.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, Fluldlzed bed
processors, Combustion, Pyrolysis, Organic com-
pounds, Chemical Industry, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB-261 062/5 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
A Study of Wast* Generation, Treatment and Dte-
poaal In the Metal* Mining Industry. Final repl Jun
74-Jul 76,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
David Bendersky, Robert E. Gustafson, Charles E.
Mumma, Kenneth R. Walker, and Dennis Costello. Oct
76,407p'EPA/SW-132c
Contract EPA-68-01-2665
The primary objective of the program was to provide
EPA with detailed information concerning the genera-
tion, treatment, and disposal of potentially hazardous
waste* In the metals mining and concentrating indus-
tries. The metals mining and concentrating Industries
covered In this study were categorized by the following
Bureau of the Census Standard Industrial Classifica-
tion Numbers: 1021 • Copper Ores; 1031 • Lead-Zinc
Ore*; 1092 • Mercury Ore*; 1094 • Uranium, Radium
and Vanadium Ore*; and 1099 - Metal Oret-not else-
where classified - antimony, beryllium, platinum, rare
earths, tin, titanium, and zirconium, waste disposal
and treatment practices are discussed, and estimate*
are given for the cost of hazardous waste treatment
and disposal at typical facilities.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Mining, 'Metal*, Hazardous material*. Tailings,
Mineral deposits. Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc,
Mercury(Metal), Uranium, Radium, Vanadium, Rare
earth elements. Antimony, Beryllium, Platinum, Tin, Ti-
tanium. Zirconium, Cost analysis, SIC 1031, SIC 1092,
SIC 1094, SIC 1099, 'Metals industry.
PB-261 063/2 PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Waate Management F*cHltte* In the
United State*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
48 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thomas V. Leshendok. Feb 76,66p EPA/530/SW-
146.2
This report lists enterprises in the business of accept-
ing, recycling, processing and/or disposing of various
hazardous wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Businesses, Directories, Materials recovery,
Processing, Acquisition, States(United States), Facili-
ties, Management, Services, Classifications, Method-
ology, Sites, Waste recycling.
PB-281 065/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Blast Furnace Slip* and Accompanying Emissions
as an Air Pollution Source. Final task rept. Apr-Jul
76.
Baftelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
C. E. Mobley, A. O. Hoffman, and H. W. Lownie. Oct
76,64p EPA/600/2-76/268
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The report gives results of a study to ascertain the se-
verity of blast-furnace slips and their accompanying
bleeder-valve emissions as a source of air pollution, ft
describes factors contributing to the occurrence of
hangs and slips in the blast furnace. It discusses the
mechanics by which emissions occur from the bleeder
valves, it presents data characterizing blast-furnace
bleeder-valve emissions, Including the frequency and
duration of slip-induced bleeder-valve openings and
the quantities of gas and dust issuing from open bleed-
er valves. It concludes that: (1) slip-induced bleeder-
valve emissions are not an industry- or nation-wide
problem; (2) these emissions may constitute an indi-
vidual furnace and/or local air pollution problem; (3)
less total particulates are emitted from this source than
from other in-plant air pollution sources; and (4) the
frequency of bleeder-valve emissions and, in turn, the
severity of the problem have diminished over the last
20 years. The report discusses measures which may
reduce the occurrence and/or severity of blast-fur-
nace bleeder-valve emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iron and steel Industry,
•Blastfurnaces. Valves. Flue dust, Sources, Gas flow,
Particulates, Stationary sources.
PB-261 086/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Analysis Teat Data tor NOx Control In Coal-Fired
Utility Boilers. Final task rept. Jul 74-Oct 75,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Environment and
energy Conservation Drv.
OwenW. Dykema. Oct 76.100p EPA/600/2-76/274
Grant EPA-R8032B3-01
See also report dated Jan 75. PB-241 918.
The report describes the analyses of a large quantity
study Include: (1) evaluation of the effects of combus-
tion modifications on NOx emissions, in fundamental
combustion terms; and (2) evaluation of techniques for
further reductions In NOx emissions. The report in-
cludes the following, pertaining to coal-fired utility boil-
ws: (1) discussion of the major sources of NOx emis-
•tons; (2) parametric Investigations of the effects on
NOx emissions of two-stage combustion, burners out
of service, combustion air temperature, and excess air
reduction; (3) discussion of probable short- and long-
term hardware and operating condition modifications
likely to yield further significant reductions in NOx
emteaton In coal-fired boilers; and (4) general comparl-
•ons of NOx reduction techniques in utility boilers firing
coal, oil. and natural gas fuels. Boiler firing types In-
cluded single-wall, opposed, and tangential configura-
tions.
K«y*orda: "Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
.Boltars, 'Data analysis, Combustion products, Etec-
power generators, Utilities, Coal, Burners, Tests,
. Comparisons, Modifications, Regression
. Numerical analysis, Design criteria, Perfomv
evaluation, Tests, Air fuel ratio. 'Combustion
Codification.
PB-261 067/3 PC A03/MF A01
Leachate Damage Assessment: Case Study of the
Peoples Avenue Solid Waste Disposal Site In
Rockford, Illinois,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Kenneth A. Shuster. 1976,35p EPA/53D/SW-517
This report is the first in a series of case studies docu-
menting damages caused by leachate from municipal
land disposal sites. Described are the history and type
of operation, damages caused by leachate, remedial
actions, and associated costs.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Water pollution, 'Leaching, Environmental Impacts,
Cost analysis, Ground water, Illinois, Rockford(lllinois),
Case studies.
PB-261 066/1 PC A03/MF A01
Leachate Damage Assessment: Case Study of the
Fox Valley Solid Waste Disposal Site In Aurora, Il-
linois,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Kenneth A. Shuster. Jun 76,43p EPA/530/SW-514
A number of studies of leachate production and migra-
tion at specific sites has been recently completed. In-
formation on leachate migration from damage cases
and specific site studies coupled with general Informa-
tion on disposal site locations and operations In the
United States indicate that at least one-fourth and pos-
sibly as many as three-fourths of the municipal land
disposal sites in the United States have leachate mi-
gration problems. This report Is the third In a series of
case studies documenting damages caused by leach-
ate from municipal land disposal sites. Described are
the history and type of operation, damages caused by
leachate, remedial actions, and associated costs.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Water pollution, 'Leaching, Environmental Impacts,
Cost analysis, Ground water, Illinois, Aurora(llllnois),
Case studies.
PB-261 070/7 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
A Mechanism tor Ash Assisted Sludge Dewater-
Ing. Final rept. 1 Jun 69-31 Aug. 71,
Lehloh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa. Center for Surface and
Coatings Research.
F. J. Mfcale. Dec 76,62p EPA/600/2-76/297
The ability of various additives to improve the dewater-
ability of activated sludge was determined and the sur-
face properties of additives characterized in order to
arrive at a mechanism for ash conditioning of activated
sludge. The primary additives Investigated were fly ash
and 3 sludge Incinerator ashes. Since the presence of
salts and a solid surface complicates the Interpretation
of experimental results, a series of experiments was
devised where either salts or solids alone were added
to the activated sludge for settleabillty measurements.
The solids consisted of the washed ashes themselves,
as well as two silicas, two carbon samples, and mag-
netite, which contained high surface areas and exhibit-
ed different surface properties. The salts consisted of
the washings obtained from the ashes and a number
of inorganic salts and Ionic polymeric surfactants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Dewatering, 'Fly ash, 'Ashes, Additives, Bv
dnerators, Residues, Surface properties, Reclama-
tion, Settling, Sewage filtration, Inorganic salts, Silicon
dioxide, Magnetite, Carbon black, Polymers, Surfac-
tants.
PB-261 07S/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researoh Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of Foam Scrubbing to Fin* Partlcto
Control, Phase I. Final rept on Phase 1, Jun 74-Dec
75,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. E. Ctvrtnlcek, T. F. Walburg, C. M. Moscowttz, and
H. H, S. Yu. May 76,166p MRC-DA-556, EPA/600/2-
76/125
The report summarizes knowledge and data obtained
during the first phase of Investigations Into foam scrub-
bing. It gives detailed Information concerning foam
scrubber theory, experimentation, and economics. The
theory pertains to mechanisms influencing the behav-
ior of fine particles and the possibilities of their capture
by foam. Collection efficiencies obtained on a bench
scale foam scrubber show that foam scrubbing can be
a viable fine particle control device. Preliminary eco-
nomic analysis indicates that foam scrubbing can be
competitive with other fine particle collection devices if
the surfactant solution is recycled effectively. The
report recommends that surfactant recycle be verified,
using a bench scale foam scrubber.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Foam, Fines, Cost estimates, Monitoring, Aero-
sols, Surfactants, Experimental design, Accuracy, Dif-
fusion, Electrostatic force, Numerical analysis, The-
ories, Thermophoresis, Diffusiophoresls.
PB-261 076/4 PC A11/MF A01
State Activities In Solid Waste Management, 1974,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Ralph J. Black. Jun 75,230p EPA/530/SW-158
This document contains reports received by EPA from
state agencies on their activities in solid waste man-
agement for 1974.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, *States(Unlted
States), 'Management planning, Organizations, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Operations, Federal assistance
programs, Technical assistance, Land use, Sites,
Sources, Materials recovery, Policies, Law enforce-
ment, Sanitary landfills, Hazardous materials, Method-
ology, 'State programs.
PB-261 077/2 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1975 Second Quarter Statistics.
Final rept. Apr-Jun 75.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Oct 76,121 p EPA/450/2-76/024
See also PB-260 380.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
Tablea(Data), Particles, Sulfur oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Oxldlzers, Hydro-
carbons, States(United States), 'Air quality data, Pho-
tochemical oxidants.
*•
PB-261 079/8 PC A03/MF A01
Landfill Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: A Review
of Literature and Known Approaches,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Timothy Fields, Jr., and Alfred W. Lindsey. Jun 75,43p
EPA/530/SW-165
This report presents an overview of conventional sani-
tary landfilllng, the chemical waste landfill, and alterna-
tives to chemical waste landfill disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
•Hazardous materials, 'Sanitary landfills, Chemical
compounds, Site selection, Surveys, Industrial waste
processing, Separation, Detoxification, Encapsulating,
Linings, Water pollution abatement, pH, Monitors.
PB-261 080/6 PC A03/MF A01
Leachate Damage Assessment- Case Study of the
ftayvllle Solid Waste Disposal Site In Isllp (Long
Island), New York,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Kenneth A. Shuster. 1976,27p EPA/530/SW-509
Leachate Is contaminated water which Is produced
when rain or other water passes through wastes In a
land disposal site, picking up various mineral, organic,
and other contaminants. If allowed to migrate from the
site, leachate may contaminate ground or surface
December 1983 49
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water and result in damages such as polluted wells or
fishkiils. The occurrence of such damages is directly
related to the proximity of the resource to the disposal
site, the direction of surface or ground water (leachate)
flow, and dilution. This report is the second in a series
of case studies documenting damages caused by
leachate from municipal land disposal sites. Described
are the history and type of operation, damages caused
by leachate, remedial actions, and associated costs.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Water pollution, 'Leaching, Environmental impacts,
Cost analysis, Ground water, New York, lslip(New
York), Case studies.
PB-261 081/4 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Inventory of Combustion-Related Emissions from
Stationary Sources,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
and Energy Conservation Div.
Owen W.Dykema, and Vernon E. Kemp. Sep 76,178p
ATR-76(7549)-1, EPA/600/7-76/012
Grant R-803283-01
The report describes the first year of a study covering
the combustion-related emissions inventory phase of a
3-year program entitled, 'Analysis of NOx Control in
Stationary Sources.' The study is aimed at assisting in
the establishment of priorities for detailed studies of
techniques for the control of combustion-related emis-
sions from stationary sources. To develop the proper
perspective, it was necessary that the inventory in-
clude emissions of oxides of nitrogen, unburned hydro-
carbons, carbon monoxide, and paniculate, not only
from recognized major stationary combustion sources,
but also from other stationary source categories in
which combustion plays a secondary role. During the
first year of the study, emissions were established for
1975 and 1980 from boilers, internal combustion en-
gines, chemical manufacturing, and petroleum refin-
ing. This report identifies approximately 90 percent of
almitrogen oxide emissions and from 40 to 50 percent
of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and par-
ticulate matter for stationary sources.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, 'Air pollution, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide. Parti-
cles, Flue dust, Electric power plants, Chemical indus-
try, Petroleum refining, Boilers, Internal combustion
engines, Sampling, Monitoring, Sources, Coal, Fuel oil,
Tables(Data), Exhaust emissions, Inventories, Particu-
lates, 'Stationary sources.
PB-261 086/3 PC A04/MF A01
A Summary of Hazardous Substance Classifica-
tion Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management. ' f
Allen M. Kohan. 1975,61p EPA/530/SW-1?1
This paper describes the criteria used by 23 systems
to define a hazardous substance, primarily for regula-
tory purposes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Classifications, 'Definitions, Criteria, Organiza-
tions, Consumer affairs, Transportation, Public health,
National government, States(United States), Regula-
tions, Federal agencies.
PB-261 088/9 PC A03/MF A01
State Program Implementation Guide: Hazardous
Waste Transportation Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
C. H. Porter. Mar 76,42p EPA/530/SW-512
This report discusses the elements of a hazardous
waste transportation control program and how such a
program may be implemented.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
•Highway transportation, *States(United States),
Project planning, Licenses, Equipment, Documents,
Accidents, Reporting, Data processing, Organizations,
Specialized training, Operators(PersonneT), National
government, Methodology, Management systems,
Classifications, State programs, State agencies.
PB-261 OS1/3 PC A02/MF A01
Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste and Sewage
Sludge to Methane,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Steven J. Hitte. Jul 75,17p EPA/530/SW-159
The primary objective of this report is to evaluate the
potential for processing organic wastes (solid waste
and sewage sludge) using a controlled anaerobic di-
gestion process for the purpose of producing meth-
ane.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
'Anaerobic processes, 'Methane, Synthetic fuels,
Manufactured gas, Sewage disposal, Refuse disposal,
Organic wastes, Waste processing, Reclamation, Eco-
nomic analysis, Feasibility, 'Sewage sludge, Refused
derived fuels.
PB-261 092/1 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Ornamental and Turfgrass Pest
Control,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
Robert L. Robertson. 1976,15p
Contract EPA-68-01-2903
Prepared in cooperation with Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, New Haven, Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins, and Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State
Univ., Blacksburg.
This guide contains basic information to help the appli-
cator meet the specific standards for applicators who
are engaged in ornamental and turfgrass pest control.
Because the guide was prepared to cover the entire
nation, some information specific to a state may not be
included.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, 'Ornamental
plants, 'Turf grasses, Manuals, Weed control, Mites,
insects, Nematoda, Fungus diseases, Plant diseases,
Bacterial diseases, Herbicides, Rusts(Fungi), Fungi,
Toxicity, Worms, Safety, Repellents, Environmental
protection.
PB-261 093/9 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apply Pesticides Correctly. A Guide for Commer-
cial Applicators. Forest Pest Control,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Michael Newton. 1976,14p EPA/540/8-76/023
Contract EPA-68-01 -2263
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., and
Georgia Univ., Athens. See also PB-25f723.
This guide contains basic information to help commer-
cial applicators meet the specific standards for appli-
cators who are engaged in forest pest control. Be-
cause the guide was prepared to cover the entire
nation, some information concerning specific states
may not be included.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, 'Forestry, Man-
uals, Standards, Insects, Weed control, Vertebrates,
Plant diseases, Forest trees, Herbicides,
Borers(Biology), Coleoptera, Hazards, Marking.
PB-281 128/3 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Meyers Process Development for Chemical Desul-
furlzatlon of Coal. Volume I. Final rept. Jun 73-Dec
75,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
E. P. Koutsoukos, M. L. Kraft, R. A. Orslni, R. A.
Meyers, and M. J. Santy. May 76,309p EPA/600/2-
76/143a
Contract EPA-68-02-1336
See also Volume 2 dated May 76, PB-261 129.
The report gives results of bench-scale development
of the Meyers Process (for chemical removal of sulfur
from coal) for desulfurization of both fine and coarse
coal. More than 90% of the pyrite was removed from
run-of-mine (ROM) fine coal and clean coarse coal,
and more than 80% of the pyrite from ROM coarse
coal. Process improvements were demonstrated In-
volving: increased process slurry solids concentration
for higher process throughput (33% w/w); lowered fil-
tration requirements through use of larger top-size fine
coal; and generated elemental sulfur removal by va-
porization from the coal matrix. Pyrite leaching and
reagent regeneration rate expressions were validated.
Engineering studies showed that: the process may be
engineered in a number of basic designs including si-
multaneous leach and regeneration, separate leach
and regeneration, use of oxygen or air for regenera-
tion, fine or coarse coal processing, and combined
with coal cleaning; these process designs lead to
stand-alone full capital cost estimates of S30-80/KW
of power plant name plate capacity for the various
process plant cases. Assuming ROM Coal costs of
$0.81 /MM Btu, the required market price of the desul-
furlzed coal ranges from $1.14 to $1.32/MM Btu on a
utility financed basis and $1.41 to $1.86/MM Btu on an
investor financed basis.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Coal preparation, Dy-
namic tests, Separation, Air pollution, Coal, Industrial
plants, Pyrite, Design criteria, Process charting, Sulfur,
Iron, Chemical reactors, Corrosion tests, Trace ele-
ments, Materials recovery, Cost estimates,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Moni-
toring, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Leaching,
'Air pollution abatement, 'Meyers process.
PB-261 129/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Labs., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Meyers Procees Development for Chemical Desul-
furization of Coal. Volume II. Appendices. Final
rept. Jun 73-Dec 75,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CalH.
E. P. Koutsoukos, M. L. Kraft, R. A. Orsini, R. A.
Meyers, and M. J. Santy. May 76,124p EPA/600/2-
76/1 43b
Contract EPA-68-02-1336
See also Volume 1 dated May 76, PB-261 126.
The second volume of this series covers the data that
was obtained from the process that is discussed In the
first volume.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Coal preparation,
Tables(Data), Air pollution, 'Air pollution abatement,
'Meyers process.
PB-261 155/6 PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Disposal Damage Reports.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Dec 75,20p EPA/530/SW-151.2
See also PB-261156.
This publication is the second in a series of reports to
document Incidents of improper land disposal of haz-
ardous wastes. Topics covered Include: Dioxin poison-
ing caused by improper waste disposal In Missouri;
Contamination of groundwaler beneath the Rocky
Mountain Arsenal and surroundingarea; Dumping into
sand pit pollutes domestic wells in Texas.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Water pollution, 'Sanitary landfills, Industrial
wastes, Toxicity, Soils, Environmental impacts, Oils,
Public health, Herbicides, Pesticides, Military chemical
agents, Missouri, Texas, Colorado, Oil wastes, Rocky
Mountain Arsenal.
PB-261 156/4 PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Disposal Damage Reports.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Jun 76,19p EPA/530/SW-T51.3
See also PB-261 157.
This publication is the third In a series of reports to
document incidents of improper land disposal of haz-
ardous wastes. Topics discussed include the following:
Petrochemical contamination of the Cohansey Aquifer
in New Jersey; Hexachkxooenzene contamination of
cattle in Louisiana; Poison fumes overcome workers at
a Maryland landfill.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Water pollution, 'Sanitary landfills, Chemical In-
dustry, Industrial wastes, Soils, Toxicity, Public health,
Cost analysis, Chlorine organic compounds. Environ-
mental Impacts, Poisons, Air pollution, New Jersey,
50 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Louisiana, Maryland, Petrochemical industry, Ben-
zene/hexachloro.
PB-261 157/2 PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Disposal Damage Reports,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office ot Solid Waste Management Programs.
Jun 75, 1 5p EPA/530/SW-f51
This publication is the first in a series of reports to doc-
ument Incidents of improper land disposal of hazard-
ous wastes. Studies include: Arsenic poisoning In Min-
nesota; Industrial waste disposal on farmland In Illi-
nois; Fatality at a New Jersey Industrial landfill.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Water pollution, 'Sanitary landfills, Industrial
wastes, Arsenic, Poisons, Toxicity, Public health, Soils,
Accidents, Chemical compounds, Explosions, Environ-
mental impacts, Minnesota, Illinois, New Jersey.
PB-261 168/0 PC A04/MF A01
The Cretaceous Ponds, a Unique Area on Staten
Island, New York. Rept. for Jun 75-Sep 76,
Staten Island Inst. of Arts and Sciences, N.Y.
Albert J. Hendricks, and Hans J. Behm. Oct 76, 56p
SILAS/F-76/1
The report discusses ecology, geology, stratigraphy,
mlcropaleontology of 25 freshwater ponds Including in
detail ponds located on Cretaceous soils of SW Staten
Island. Of the total some revealed transition from
freshwater to saltmarsh conditions. Ponds were
grouped into a particular ecosystem, related to each
other on basis of many similarities/biotic and abiotic
features. Some quantification/evaluation was made of
the terrestrial flora and fauna. Flora and fauna of all
magnitudes (water) were identified; pond-productivity
was determined. This study includes description and
stratigraphlc sequence of biotlc mineral constituents of
a series of core and bottom samples taken from a
boat.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, 'Ponds, 'Ecology,
'Staten Island, Surveys, Glacial till, Salt water Intru-
sion, Aquatic plants, Water analysis, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Iron, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Algae, Dia-
toms, Vegetation, Glacial deposits, Mammals, Strati-
graphy, New York, 'Salt marshes, Ecosystems, New
York Clty(New York).
PB-261 160/6 PC A02/MF A01
DtepoMl of Dilute Pesticide Solution*,
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Harold R. Day. 1976, 24p 6PA/530/SW-519
This report seeks to highlight the pesticide disposal
Problem, Identify sources of dilute solutions, describe
current disposal practices, and consider factors which
Influence a choice among them. These dilute solutions
•re generated by container rinsing, equipment wash-
Ing, water from pesticide fire-fighting operations, spill
clean-ups, and drum reconditioning operations. If dis-
posed of carelessly, the contained pesticides can build
up to toxic levels In soils, deactivate sewage treatment
Plants, etc. Nine disposal methods currently in use
have been identified and are discussed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
al*. 'Pesticides, Dilution, Industrial wastes, Soils,
Water pollution, Incinerators, Degradation, Photolysis,
Laaoons(Ponds), Sanitary landfills, Storage, Regula-
tions, Government policies, Filtration.
PB-261 166/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
unto.
of operation. The system, when operated within speci-
fications, Is capable of removing about 80% of the
COD and 85% of the TOC remaining after primary
treatment at a cost of about 31.4 cents/1000 gal. The
total system achieves 95% plus removals of COD and
TOC.
Keywords: 'Naval equipment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Activated carbon proc-
ess, Organic wastes, Wood wastes, Turpentine, Rosin,
Wood products, Sampling, Reclamation, Adsorption,
Filtration, Capitalized coats, Operating costs, Process
charting, Chemical industry, Physical chemical proc-
val stores WastewaUr Purification am) Reuse
ty Activated Carbon Treatment Final rept,
"•routes, Inc., Hattlesburg, Miss.
Prank H, Gardner. Jr., and AMn R. Williamson. Oct 76,
46p EPA/600/2-76/227
Grant EPA-S-801 431
Jhi* report documents the reasons for selecting a phy-
Sco-chemlcal process Instead of a more conventional
PjojpQlcal process for secondary treatment of the com-
PJfx organic wastewaters generated by a Naval Stores
Jjnufacturlng plant. The selected carbon adsorption
Went la then discussed In detail Including Its removal
•"•ctjveneM, problems encountered, and economics
PB-261 179/6 PCA11/MFA01
State Air Pollution Implementation Plan. Progress
rept. 1 Jan-30 Jun 76.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Oct 76, 227p EPA/450/2-76/026
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-253 098.
This report presents data for each state on the attain-
ment/non-attainment status and calls for revision to
the State Implementation Plan (SIPs) by Air Quality
Control Region (AQCR) and state portion of Interstate
AOCRs for all criteria pollutants, status of selected
portions of the State Implementation plans, resources
(manpower and funding), and compliance status of se-
lected source categories. One hundred twenty-four
AQCRs or state portions have attained the TSP stand-
ard, 256 the SO2 standard, 233 the CO standard, 143
the oxldant standard and 308 the NO2 standard. The
other AQCRs or state portions require either SIP revi-
sions for attainment and maintenance, SIP revisions
for maintenance only, or require no revision but are
classified as non-attainment areas. Since the last
report in this series (April 1976), the number of major
emitters identified has Increased to 21,930; 90 percent
of these are now In compliance with either an emission
standard or an acceptable compliance schedule.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, *States(United
States), 'Environmental surveys, Sources, Law en-
forcement, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Oxldizers, Standards, Monitoring, Combustion
products, Performance, 'Implementation air pollution
planning program, 'Standards compliance, Air quality
control regions, Air pollution standards, Air quality
maintenance, Clean Air Act, Stationary sources,
Status.
PB-261 196/0 PC AOO/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Assessing Transportation-Related Air Quality Im-
pact*. Special rept.
Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
1976,206p' TRB/SR-167, ISBN-0-309-02478-1
Proceedings of a conference conducted by the Trans-
portation Research Board, 22-24 Oct 75 sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
and Federal Highway Administration, Washington,
D.C. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 76-20621.
The proceedings Include the conference papers given
on transportation-related air quality Impacts. These
papers give up-to-date Infoimatlon on service and the
state of The art in modeling. The first seven papers deal
with photochemical oxldant models and the last twelve
deal with nonreactive models.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, *Alr pollution,
•Urban transportation, 'Meetings, 'Exhaust gases,
•Mathematical models, Oxldizers, Chemical proper-
ties, Photochemical reactions, Sources, Exhaust emis-
sions, Streets, Traffic, Monitoring, Highways, Environ-
mental surveys, Automobile exhaust.
PB-261 269/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment Sampling and Analyt-
ical Strategy Program. Final rept. Nov 75-Jan 76,
Mitre Corp., McLean, Va.
J. Vlahakls, and H. Abelson. May 76,84p EPA/600/2-
76/093a
Contract EPA-68-02-1859
The report describes a costing methodology for envi-
ronmental assessment that has been generated for In-
dustrial processes at various phases of development.
The demonstrated environmental assessment strate-
gies provide a framework for determining industry,
process, and stream priorities on the basis of a staged
sampling and analysis technique. A Level-1 screening
phase characterizes the pollutant potential of influent
and effluent streams of a process. Level-2 sampling
and analysis provides for a quantitative representation
of potentially hazardous substances in those streams
identified for further investigation by Level 1. The pro-
cedure provides a mechanism for recommending as-
sessment program implementation costs as well as for
estimating costs for budgetary planning purposes.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Chemical analysis. Air
pollution. Sampling, Cost estimates, Industrial plants,
Particles, Bioassay, Process charting, Combustion
products, Coal gasification, 'Environmental assess-
ment, In plant processes, Procedures, Lurgi process-
es.
PB-261 260/4 PC A08/MF A01
Chemical Analyses for Water Pollutants. Training
manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Audrey E. Kroner. Nov 76,154p EPA/430/1-75/013
This training manual contains outlined information
used by lecturers when presenting topics in EPA-
NTOTC Course 100.3, 'Chemical Analyses for Water
Pollutants.' The contents concern individual constitu-
ents found in water (e.g. dissolved oxygen) and infor-
mation useful to analysts (e.g. statistics). A section of
laboratory procedures adapted for class groups Is In-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Manuals, Statistical anal-
ysis. Sampling, Tests, water pollution, Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Accuracy, Error analysis, Preci-
sion, Iodine, Surveys, pH, Buffers(Chemistry), Acidity,
Alkalinity, Volumetric analysis, Chemical analysis, So-
lutions, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Numerical analysis,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Nitrates, Nitrites, Carbon, Calcium,
Magnesium, Phosphorus, Laboratory equipment, Elec-
tronic spectra, 'Water pollution detection, winkler test,
Procedures.
PB-261 263/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,. Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Field Testing: Trace Element and Organic Emis-
sions from Industrial Boiler*. Final rept. Jun 74-Jun
KVB Engineering, Inc., Tustln, Calif.
G. A. Cato. Oct 76,160p EPA/600/2-76/086b
Contract EPA-68-02-1074
See also PB-253 500.
The report gives results of the sampling of four coal-
fired Industrial boilers to determine the emissions of 19
trace and minor elements and polycyclic matter
(POM). The trace and minor element emissions were
related to total quantities of each element present in
the fuel by examining the degree of mass balance and
element partitioning based on fuel input and element
output in furnace deposits, flyash, and flue gas vapor.
The tendency of volatile elements for enrichment of
finer paniculate was examined by analysis of cascade
sample. Measured output of elements classified as
high in volatility tended to be less than the fuel input,
attributed to possible low collection efficiency of
vapor-phase element sampling equipment. Elements
classed as medium or low in volatility tended to be
more uniformly distributed with respect to both parti-
tioning in the boilers and particle size. The presence of
four specific POM compounds was Indicated In the
coal, ashes, and stack gases, but results were highly
variable. '
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Boilers, 'Electric power
plants, 'Trace elements, 'Porycyelic compounds, Or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Particles, Coal,
Fuel oil, Filters, Combustion, Flue gases, Combustion
products, Fossil fuel power plants. Hydrocarbons,
Sampling, Ashes, Sources, Fly ash, Tables(Data),
Mass transfer, Air pollution control, Partculates, Air
pollution sampling, Stationary sources.
PB-261 268/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 51
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide* with Am-
monia: Utility Pilot Plant Operation. Final rept. Jan
73-Oct76,
Environics, Inc., Newport Beach, Calif.
Jules M. Kline, Paul H. Owen, and Y. C. Lee. Oct 76,
94p EPA/800/7-76/031
Contract EPA-68-02-0292
The report describes work to demonstrate, on a utility
pilot plant scale, the performance, reliability, and prac-
ticability of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions
from steam boilers by reduction of NOx with ammonia
over a platinum catalyst. A utility pilot plant treating a
slipstream from an operating electric utility boiler,
equivalent to approximately 1.5 MW output, was de-
signed, installed, and tested on gas and oil fuel. Labo-
ratory pilot plant testing supplemented the utility pilot
plant testing. Results of gas-firing the utility pilot plant,
together with laboratory pilot plant test results, indicat-
ed that the catalytic reduction system has consistently
provided 85-90% NOx removal for over 4000 hours,
with no significant performance loss at a 50,000 per
hour space velocity. Results of oil-firing the utility pilot
plant, together with laboratory pilot plant tests results,
indicated that this system could provide at least 65%
NOx removal when the flue gas temperature is above
575 F. Preliminary cost estimates indicate a capital ex-
penditure of less than $11 per kW plant capacity, with
an operating expenditure of less than $0.02 per KWhr
for a full-scale system, based on 1974 dollars and a
gas-fired 480 MW plant.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Electric power plants, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Ammonia, Boilers, Flue gases,
Capitalized costs, Cost estimates, Operating costs,
Platinum, Catalysis, Fuel oil, Natural gas,
Reduction(Chemistry), Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Trace elements, Utilities,
Concentration(Composition).
PB-281 287/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Waste Clearinghouses and Exchanges: New Ways
for Identifying and Transferring Reusable Indus-
trial Process Wastes. Final rept,
Little (Arthur 0.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Robert C. Terry, Jr., Joan B. Berkowitz, C. Michael
Mohr, Joseph P. Tratnyek, and John T. Funkhouser.
Oct 76,148p ADL-C-78494, EPA/SW-130c
Contract EPA-68-01 -3241
This report examines the experience of the industrial
waste information clearinghouses operating since
1972 in ten European countries, explores opportunities
for the waste transfer concept in the United States,
outlines the requirements for successful transfer orga-
nizations, and describes their techniques and proce-
dures. The study analyzes concepts and requirements
for transferring wastes, distinguishing between 'trash
waste,' having no reuse value whatever, and 'scrap
waste,' having some reuse value. It identifies and esti-
mates quantities of industrial process wastes suitable
for transfer, especially in the Philadelphia SMSA. It de-
scribes the two basic types of transfer organization-
clearinghouses, which transfer only information about
wastes, and exchanges, which transfer (and process,
if necessary) the actual scrap materials from generator
to user; for each type, details are given of services,
methods, organization, and finances. Appendices con-
tain details about existing clearinghouses and ex-
changes, data and methods for identifying scrap
wastes and their uses, economics of transferring
wastes, various institutional options, and liability and
other legal considerations. The summary lists next
steps needed to develop clearinghouses.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Information centers, Reclama-
tion, Chemical compounds, Residues, Transportation,
Financing, Cost analysis, Scrap, Management plan-
ning. Regulations, 'Waste recycling.
PB-281 288/6 PC A15/MF A01
Microscopic Analysis of Plankton, Perlphyton,
and Activated Sludge. Training manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Ralph M. Sinclair. Dec 78,336p* EPA/430/1-76/008
The report was designed for professional personnel in
the fields of water pollution control, limnology, water
supply and waste treatment. Primary emphasis is given
to practice in the identification and enumeration of mi-
croscopic organisms which may be encountered in
water and activated sludge. Methods for the chemical
and instrumental evaluation of plankton are compared
with the results of microscopic examination in an ex-
tensive practical exercise. Problems of significance
and control are also considered.
Keywords: 'Plankton, "Activated sludge, 'Aquatic mi-
crobiology, Ecology, Manuals, Algae, Food chains,
Stratification, Microscopes, Fresh water biology, Pho-
tomicrography, Bioassay, Marshes, Primary biological
productivity, Water pollution, Collecting methods,
Sampling, Bacteria, Protozoa.
PB-261 289/3 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Parametric Studies of Catalysts for NOx Control
from Stationary Power Plants. Final rept. Mar 75-
Sep 76,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
Ken Nobe, George L. Bauerle, and S. C. Wu. Oct 76,
245p EPA/600/7-76/026
Grant EPA-R-803653-01
The report gives results of a study of yanadia-alumina
and iron oxide-chromium oxide-alumina catalysts for
the reduction of NO with NH3 in simulated flue gas.
Optimum catalyst compositions were 15% V2O5 on
AI2O3 and 10% Fe-Cr oxides on AI203 with an Fe/Cr
ratio of 1/9, respectively. Both catalysts were selective
for the reduction of NO to N2 in the presence of O2.
Both were shown to be sulfur-resistant during total pe-
riods of operation of 648 hours for V205 and 1052
hours for Fe-Cr in the presence of SOx. Typical con-
version levels for V2O5 and Fe-Cr catalysts operating
at 400 C in simulated flue gas containing 1000 ppm
NO, 1000 ppm NH3, in the presence of SOx, were
about 90 and 80%, respectively, at 20,000 per hour
space velocity. Rate expressions for both catalysts
have been developed tor design use. A tabulation of
recent publications in the field of NOx catalysis (par-
ticularly selective reduction with NH3) is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Catalysts, Flue gases, Combustion products, Industri-
al wastes, Reduction(Chemistry), Vanadium oxides,
Electric power plants, Iron oxides, Alumina,
Concentration(Composltion), Physical properties, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-261 290/1 PC A14/MF A01
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Nutrients. Final
rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Audrey Donahue Kroner. Jun 76,314p EPA/430/1-
76/006
A manual for students in a chemistry course designed
for the treatment plant operator or technician who is
required to monitor effluent discharges under a Nation-
al Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit and
who has had little or no previous experience in
wastewater analysis. The procedures are for phospho-
rus; chemical oxygen demand; Kjeldahl nitrogen; am-
monia, nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen; oil and grease.
Also procedures for relates; basic skills: Using a spec-
trophotometerand preparing calibration graphs.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Nutrients, 'Manuals, 'Water
analysis, Electrodes, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Calibrat-
ing, Graphic methods, Spectrophotometers, Agents,
Concentration(Comoositlon), Tables(Data), Design cri-
teria, Laboratory equipment, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Nitrites, Reduction(Chemlstry), Sam-
ples, Volumetric analysis, Sewage, Oils, Greases, Ef-
fluents, Chemical analysis, Colormetric analysis, Pro-
cedures, Selective ion electrodes, Chemical oxygen
demand, 'Water pollution detection, Kjeldahl method.
PB-261 281/9 PC A08/MF A01
Office of Research and Development (ORO) Publi-
cations Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Jun 75,164p EPA/600/9-75/001b
See also report dated Dec 75, PB-2S2 518,
This summary is a currant listing of the Office of Re-
search & Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, and Interagency projects. Reports are
indexed by title, subject area, performing organization,
personal author, report number, abstracts, and grant,
contract, or interagency agreement number to aid the
reader in identifying reports of interest. Instructions on
how to order copies of reports are on the inside of the
front cover.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Environmental impacts, 'Tech-
nical reports, Bibliographies, Abstracts, Classifica-
tions, Subject indexing, Research projects, Grants,
Corporate authors, Organizations, Air pollution abate-
ment, Water pollution abatement, Information retrieval,
Announcement bulletins.
PB-261 313/1 PC A12/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Assess-
ment and Criteria Development Drv.
An Experimental/Analytical Investigation of Deep
Submerged Multiple Buoyant Jets. Final rept,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
L. D. Kannberg, and L. R Davis. Sep 76,269p EPA/
600/3-76/101
GrantEPA-R-800618
The results of an experimental and analytical study of
deep submerged multiple-port thermal discharges are
presented. The experimental results include the meas-
ured downstream thermal dilution, width, and center-
line trajectory of the buoyant thermal plume from multi-
ple port discharges consisting of a row of equally
spaced discharge ports. Independent parameters for
which measurements were obtained include port spac-
ing, discharge Froude Number, discharge angle, and
discharge to ambient velocity ratio. Results indicate
that decreasing port spacing greatly decreases ther-
mal dilution. The analytical portion of this report pre-
sents a modified version of the Hirst lumped differen-
tial plume model.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, 'Jet flow, 'Hydraulic
jets, Mathematical models, Dilution, Plumes, Froude
number, Turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Tempera-
ture, Profiles, Differential equations, Boundary layer
flow, Entrainment, Buoyancy, Experimental data, Cor-
relation techniques, Tables(Data).
PB-261 316/4 PC A03/MF A01
An Analysis of Broadcast Radiation Lsvsls In
Hawaii. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Div.
Richard A. Tell. Aug 75,40p ORP/EAD-75/1
Various broadcast installations within Hawaii were ex-
amined to determine the potential for hazardous expo-
sure situations In the vicinity of various towers. Power
densities were calculated for each broadcast tower to
determine the worst possible exposure situation.
Based on the theoretical analysis of possible radiation
levels near various broadcast towers in Hawaii, there
were no locations where the OSHA occupational
standard was exceeded.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radio broadcasting, 'Ra-
diation hazards, 'Radio towers, Radio stations, Hawaii,
Power spectra, Radio field strength, Television broad-
casting, Television antennas, Analyzing, Microwaves,
Exposure, 'Environmental health.
PB-261 318/0 PC A08/MF A01
Introduction to Instrumental Analysis of Watw
Pollutants. Training Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Audrey E. Kroner. Nov 76,166p EPA/430/1-75/011
This training manual contains outlined Information
used by lecturers when presenting topics In EPA-NTC
Course 107.1, 'Introduction to Instrumental Analysis of
Water Pollutants.' The contents concern instrumental
methods most commonly used for water analysis. In-
formation useful to analysts (e.g. statistics) and a sec-
tion of laboratory procedures adapted for class groups
are Included.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Laboratory equipment, 'Water
analysis, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Quality
control, Statistical analysis, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
Volumetric analysis, Iodine, Resistance, Electronic
spectra, Carbon, Emission spectroscopy, Flame pho-
tometry, Absorption spectra, Trace elements, Organic
compounds, Surface waters, Separation, Gas chroms-
52 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tography, Automation, Thin layer chromatography,
Monitoring, Calibrating, Zinc, Copper, Sodium, Mass
apectrometry, Infrarea spectroscopy, Nuclear magnet-
ic resonance, Strontium, Design criteria, Measuring In-
struments, 'Water pollution detection, Wlnkler test,
Procedures.
PB-261 322/2 PC A06/MF A01
A Computer Cod* (RVRDO8) to Calculate Popula-
tion Doses from Radioactive Liquid Effluent* and
•n Application to Nuclear Power Reactor* on the
MlMJMlppI River Basin. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Olv.
James A. Martin, Jr., Charles Bobbins, Christopher B.
Nelson, Robert 0. Cousins, Jr., and Mary Anne
CullKon. Oct 76.83pORP/EAD-78/4
A computer program RVRDOS has been developed to
calculate population doses due to releases of radlonu-
elides Into flowing streams. Concentrations of the ra-
dlonuclldes downstream take Into account dilution,
decay, and the ingrowth of a daughter product. Popula-
tion doses to four organs are calculated for drinking
water and fish Ingesflon pathways. Individual doses
due to swimming may also be estimated. A program
manual for RVRDOS Is Included In this report.
RVRDOS has been used to calculate population doses
due to releases from nuclear power reactors on the
Mississippi River Basin during 1973. The data base for
these calculations and a summary of the calculations
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Radioactive Isotopes,
'Water pollution, Contamination, Doslmetry, Popula-
tions, Exposure, Potable water, Food chains, Rshes,
Ingeatlon(Blology), Nuclear power plants, Stream pol-
lution, Rivers, Computations, Computer programs, Ra-
dloecology, Mississippi River, Environmental health.
PB-281 330/6 PC A02/MF A01
Radioactivity Standard* Distribution Program FY
1977. Interim rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Dlv.
Lee H. Zlegler. Oct 78,1Bp EPA/800/4-76/063
A program Is described for the distribution of calibrated
radioactive samples, as one function of EPA's quality
assurance program (or environmental radiation meas-
urements. Included Is a discussion of the objectives of
the distribution program and a description of the prep-
aration, availability, and distribution of calibrated radio-
active samples. Instructions and application forms are
included for laboratories desiring to participate In the
Program. This document is not a research report. It is
designed for use by personnel of laboratories partid-
Patlnq or desiring to participate In the Radioactivity
Standards Distribution Program which is a part of the
U.8. Environmental Protection Agency's quality assur-
ance program.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, Radiation hazards,
environmental surveys. Radiation measuring. Instru-
ments, Quality assurance, Sampling, Standards.
PB-261 343/6 PC A12/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
OWIce of Technology Transfer.
SfMlon and Sediment Control. Surface Mining n
*ht Ea*t*m UA Volume I. Planning. Volume II.
Tt**lflll.
Httman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
°Ct76,264p'EPA/626/3-76/006
Aljo available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Otflce of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati, Ohio 46268,
This publication presents an evaluation of the eflec-
«v*ne*s of sediment pond* In reducing •usp*nd*d
•°Hds In the runoff from surface mining actrvWe*. Nine
••toctod sedimentation ponds In the three •astern
foal-mining States ot Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and
Kentucky were sampled under two different opwjUng
Bitten*, a baseline and rainfall event Th*lr ttwowtt-
ea and actual efficiencies of removal of suspended
*°«ds were computed and compared.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Water pollution control,
Erosion control, 'Coal mining. 'Management plan-
2*0, Sedimentation, Suspended sediments, Soil ero-
g°n. Strip mining, Surface water runoff, Vegetation,
RMulattona, Government poltol**, Land reclamation,
Site selection, Surveys, Drainage, Design, Dikes, Earth
dams, Construction, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ken-
tucky.
PB-261 371/9 PC A02/MF A01
Calibration of an Arbitrary Six-Port Junction for
Measurement of Active and Passive Circuit Pa-
rameter*. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colo.
Glenn F. Engen. 12 Jul 73,6p
Pub. In IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurement, vlM22 n4 p295-299 Dec 73.
It has been recently recognized that an arbitrary six-
port junction, four arms of which are terminated In
power meters, can be calibrated to measure the circuit
parameters, v, i, z, a, b, Tau, etc., in addition to power.
Because this scheme eliminates the need for frequen-
cy conversion, It provides a substsntlally simplified ap-
proach to the design of an automatic network analyzer.
This paper outlines a calibration procedure for the six-
port which is only slightly more complicated than that
In use for existing automated measurement systems.
Keywords: 'Measuring Instruments, Circuits, Net-
works, Junctions, Calibrating, Power meters, Network
analyzers, Reprints.
PB-261 378/4 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Efficiency Problem* from User Fee* In Municipal
Wastewawr Tr**tm*nt. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Build-
Ing Economics Section.
Harold E. Marshall, and Rosalie T. Ruegg. Oct 76,16p
Socloeconomic environmental studies series rept.
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Pub. in American Water Re-
sources Association Water Resources Bulletin, v12 n5
p903-917 Oct 76 (Paper 76029).
The Environmental Protection Agency administers a
construction grant program to encourage abatement
of wastewater pollution by sharing with municipalities
the costs of wastewater treatment facilities. The en-
abling legislation (P.L 92-500) specifies that EPA's
cost share will be 75% of construction costs. It further
requires municipalities to collect user fees from Indus-
trial users of the facilities to repay that part of the fed-
eral grant allocable to the treatment of Industrial
wastewater. The municipality must return half of the
user fees collected to the U.S. Treasury; the municipal-
ity Is allowed to retain the remaining half. This article
examines the legislative and regulatory requirements
for user charges, derives the algebraic expressions for
calculating the real federal, municipal, and Industrial
cost shares with user fees; computes municipal cost
shares for selected values of the determinant factors;
evaluates efficiency and other consequences of cur-
rent user fee arrangements; and concludes that the ef-
ficiency distortions brought about by the Impacts of
user fees on cost sharing could be eliminated by re-
quiring that all user fees collected from Industry
against the federal cost share be returned to the U.S.
Treasury.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Financing, 'Munici-
palities, •Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, Grants,
Water pollution abatement, Legislation, Construction
costs, National government, Local government, Re-
quirements, Fees, Cost sharing.
PB-261 422/0 PC A08/MF A01
Po**h/U.S. Symposium on Wa*t*w*t*r Treatment
andSludg* topcwal Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on
February 10-12,1976. Volum* II.
Environmental Research C*nt*r, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sep 76,166p EPA/600/9-76/021
The publication comprl*** th* proceeding* of the
Po«*h/U.S. Symposium on Waatewater Treatment
and Sludge Disposal, h*id In Cincinnati, Ohio, Febru-
•W 10 trtraughlT 1876. Topic* Included both re-
anarch wo*Tnotably In blcrf*g>adablllty and toxiclty,
and treatment and disposal methods for sludge and
wastewater Munlclpaland Industrial (steel, tannery,
and textile) wastewaters were among those consid-
ered.
Keywords- 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sludge dls-
Ssa^aJge treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Meetings, Wast* water reuse, Blodeterioratlon, Tox-
tarrTMunlelpailtles, Industries, Anaerobic processes,
Aerobic processes, Coagulation, Ecology, Legislation,
Poland, United States.
PB-261 436/0 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania Water
Year 1975. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 74-30 Sep 75.
Qeologlcal Survey, Harrlsburg, Pa. Water Resources
Dlv.
Oct 76,399p USQS/WRD/HD-76/047, USQS/WDR/
PA-75/1
Prepared In cooperation with Pennsylvania Dept. of
Environmental Resources, Harrlsburg, Delaware River
Basin Commission, Trenton, N.J., Corps of Engineers,
Washington, D.C., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-261 435-
SET.
Water Resources Data for the 1975 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality In wells and springs. This report con-
tains discharge records for 76 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 55 gaging stations, 58 partial-record flow stations,
and water levels for 16 observation wells. Also Includ-
ed are data (or 40 crest-stage partial-record stations
and 37 low-flow partial-record stations. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing state and Federal agencies In Pennsylvania.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Pennsylvania, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Delaware
River, Water levels, 'Water quality data, Peak dis-
charge.
PB-261 445-SET PC E06/MF 000
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Empirical Technique* for Analyzing Air Quality
and Meteorological Data.
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Jul 76,214p-ln 3v
Set Includes PB-261 446 thru PB-261 448.
No abstract available.
PB-261 446/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Empirical Technique* for Analyzing Air Quality
and Meteorological Data. Part I. The Role of Em-
pirical Method* In Air Quality and Meteorological
Analyse*. Final rept. May 74-Dec 75,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
W. S. Melsel. Jul 76,73p TSC-PD-132-2, EPA/600/4-
76/029a
Contract EPA-68-02-1704
Also available In set of 3 reports PC £08, PB-261 445-
Emplrlcal methods have found limited application in air
quality and meteorological analyses, largely because
of a lack of good data and the large number of varia-
bles In most applications. More and better data, along
with advance* In methodology, have broadened the
applicability of empirical approaches. This report Illus-
trates the types of problems for which creative empiri-
cal approaches have the potential for significant con-
tributions. The results of two pilot projects are reported
In some detail.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meteorological data, 'Sta-
tistical analysis, 'Atmospheric circulation, Mathemat-
ical models, Empirical equations, Diffusion.
PB-261 447/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C.
Empirical Technique* for Analyzing Air Quality
and Meteorological Data. Part II. Feasibility Study
of a Source-Oriented Empirical Air Quality Simula-
tion Model. Final rept. May 74-Dec 75,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
December 1983 S3
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
W. S. Meisel, M. O. Teener, and Kenneth L. Calder.
Jun 76,68p TSC-PD-132-3, EPA/600/4-76/Q29b
Contract EPA-68-02-1704
See also Part 1, PB-261 446.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E06, PB-261 445-
SET.
Meteorological dispersion functions in multiple-source
simulation models for urban air quality are usually
specified on the basis of data from special field experi-
ments, usually involving isolated sources. In the urban
environment, individual sources cannot be isolated.
One may, however, ask for a source-receptor relation-
ship which, when summed (or integrated) over all the
sources, would minimize the average squared error in
prediction of measured values. The feasibility of this
approach is demonstrated by application to model-
generated data, where the source-receptor relation-
ship is known.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Contaminants, 'Disper-
sions, 'Atmospheric circulation, Mathematical models,
Statistical analysis, Meterological data, Empirical
equations.
PB-261 448/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Empirical Techniques lor Analyzing Air Quality
and Meteorological Data. Part III. Short-Term
Changes In Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations:
An Empirical Analysis. Final rept. May 74-Oct 75,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Leo Breiman, and W. S. Meisel. Jun 76,73p TSC-PD-
132-1, EPA/600/4-76/029C
Contract EPA-68-02-1704
See also Part 2, PB-261 447.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC £06, PB-261 445-
SET.
An empirical analysis of ambient air quality data for the
Los Angeles Basin is used to relate the one- and two-
hour changes in oxidant levels in the urban environ-
ment to the preceding levels of precursor pollutants
and to meteorological variables. The intent was to
demonstrate the feasibility of developing a set of em-
pirical difference equations for the production of oxi-
dant over time. The main variables determining one-
and two-hour oxidant changes were identified using
nonparametric regression techniques. A model for the
oxidant changes was developed using nonlinear re-
gression techniques, the implications of the model are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ozone, 'At-
mospheric composition, Mathematical models, Empiri-
cal equations, Solar radiation, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxide(N2O), Temperature, Regression analysis,
Standard deviation, Concentration(Composition), Los
Angeles(California).
PB-261 454/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air and Water Programs.
Analysis of Control Strategies and Compliance
Schedules for Wood Particle and Fiber Dryers.
Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
David C. Junge, and Richard W. Boubel. Jul 76,169p
EPA-340/1-76-007
Contract EPA-68-01 -3150
The state of the art of technology for control of emis-
sions from wood particle and fiber dryers has been
summarized and the status of compliance for such in-
stallations in the United States defined. Operational
aspects of wood and fiber panel production are dis-
cussed. Pollutant emissions from dryer systems are
characterized and emission measurement techniques
are reviewed. For each major control option, the
degree of success achieved in meeting regulations,
major problems, approximate costs, and recommend-
ed applications are summarized. It has been conclud-
ed that particle dryers can be operated in compliance
with most regulations, particularly those related to con-
centration, mass emission rates, and opacity, although
no control system Is universally applicable.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Wood wastes, Re-
views, Particles, Wood fibers, Wood products,
Concentration(Composition), Cost analysis, Dryers,
Regulations, Law enforcement, Measurement.
PB-861 458/4 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Popex - Ranking Air Pollution Sources by Popula-
tion Exposure,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago.
Lyndon R. Babcock, Jr., and Niren L. Nadga. Mar 76,
345p EPA/600/2-76-063
Grant EPA-R-802111
The report gives results of research to develop quanti-
tative models for relating emissions of air pollutants to
their effects on people, and to use the methodology for
determining the relative importance of air pollution
sources. The quantitative methodology for ranking the
sources developed in this project includes considera-
tion of the dispersion of air pollutants, exposure of
people, and subsequent health effects. The computer
model, called POPEX, consists of three submodels:
dispersion, population, and health effects. The model
was applied to sources of air pollution in the Chicago
Air Quality Control Region. Results show that 17 of
227 categories of sources contribute nearly 80% of
the total air-pollution/population-effect problem. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Public health, Popu-
lations, Exposure, Mathematical models, Computer-
ized simulation, Methodology, Computer programs,
Tables(Data), Dispersions, Sensitivity, Emission, *Air
pollution effects(Humans), Appendices, Environmental
health, POPEX model.
PB-261 476-SET PC E20/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Recent Advances In the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution, Held at Paris
(France) on 24-28 June 1974.
Commission of the European Communities (Luxem-
bourg). Directorate General Scientific and Technical
Information and Information Management.
1975,2548p-in4v
Set includes PB-261 477 thru PB-261 480.
No abstract available.
PB-261 477/4 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Recent Advances In the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution, Held at Paris
(France) on 24-28 June 1974. Volume I.
Commission of the European Communities (Luxem-
bourg). Directorate General Scientific and Technical
Information and Information Management.
1975,483p EUR-5360-Vol-1, EPA/600/9-75/009a
Prepared in cooperation with World Health Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland).
Also available in set of 4 reports as PB-261 476-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
Partial contents:
The effect of environmental factors on health -
methods for population studies;
Relationship of air pollution to prevalance of lower
respiratory illness and lung function in
Australian school children;
Clinical investigation in Northwest Quebec,
Canada, of environmental organic mercury
effects;
Dose-response relationships linking short-term air
pollution exposures to aggravation of cardlo-
respiratory illness;
Methods for a European study on possible effects
of air pollution in children;
Study on long-term effects on health of air
pollution;
The CHAMP air quality monitoring program;
The effect of environmental factors on health •
methods for population studies;
A study on health effect indices concerning
population in cadmium-polluted area;
Dose-response relationships linking short-term air
pollution exposures to aggravation of oardio-
respiratory illness;
Predictive models for estimating the health impact
of future energy sources;
Sampling, analysis and composition of airborne
particulate material in Belgium.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Carcinogens, Toxicology, Epi-
demiology, Air pollution, Public health, Evaluation,
Methodology, Assessments, Foreign countries, Phys-
iological effects, Children, Exposure, Respiratory dis-
eases, Lead poisoning, 'Environmental health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB-261 478/2 PCA99/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Recent Advances In the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution, Held at Paris
(France) on 24-28 June 1974. Volume II.
Commission of the European Communities (Luxem-
bourg). Directorate General Scientific and Technical
Information and Information Management.
1975, 699p EUR-5360-VOI-2, EPA/600/9-75/009b
Prepared in cooperation with World Health Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland).
Also available in set of 4 reports as PB-261 476-SET,
PC E99/MF E99.
Partial contents:
Relation between aircraft noise exposure and
human reactions-A biological model;
Impact of environmental noise on sleep
electrophysiology as measured in the home;
Clinical and environmental correlations with blood
lead levels of children in New York City;
Evaluation of long-term effects of elevated blood
lead concentrations in asymptomatic children;
Increased risk of acute and chronic respiratory
disorders following long-term air pollution
exposures;
Epidemiological studies of DDT and dieldrin
residues and their relationship to human
carcinogenesis;
Local effects of inhaled lead compounds on the
lung;
Criteria from animals exposed to known
concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone,
with potential use in epidemiology;
Distribution and metabolism of
polychloroblphenyls;
Hepatic damage and organochlorine residue
concentrations in body tissues;
Revaluation of epidemiological health effects
formerly attributed to measured levels of
nitrogen dioxide in view of synergistic effects
due to co-pollutants;
Storage map of organo-chlorine compounds (OCC)
in humans;
Recent epidemiological studies on environmental
lead of industrial origin.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Noise, Carcinogens, Toxicol-
ogy, Epidemiology, Air pollution, Public health, Evalua-
tion, Methodology, Assessments, Pesticides, Foreign
countries, Physiological effects, Children, Exposure,
Respiratory diseases, Lead poisoning, Noise pollution,
'Environmental health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-261 479/0 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Recent Advances In the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution, Held at Paris
(France) on 24-28 June 1974. Volume III.
Commission of the European Communities (Luxem-
bourg). Directorate General Scientific and Technical
Information and Information Management.
1975,716p EUR-5360-Vol-3, EPA/600/9-75/009C
Prepared in cooperation with World Health Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland).
Also available In set of 4 reports as PB-261 476-SET,
PC E99/MF E99.
Partial contents:
The incidence of elevated blood lead values in an
asymptomatic pediatric population residing in a
major American industrial state;
Method for the identification of environmental noise
levels requisite to protect public health and
welfare;
Improved methods of sampling and analysis of
airborne hazardous paniculate pollutants;
Analytical studies on the speciatlon of ambient
levels of mercury In air;
Mercury pathways to man and 'in vivo' content of
the population of the Mt. Amlata area;
54 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Measures of association of some air pollutants,
natural ionizing radiation and cigarette smoking
with mortality rates;
The use of Canadian medical data in defining
health effects of the environment on man;
Illness due to environmental pollutants in a
physician's practice;
Behavior of rats and the threshold limit value of
trichloroethylene;
Exposure of laboratory animals to urban air
pollution-physical plant, experimental
difficulties, observed effects;
Aspects of pollution in three urban centre situations
in Great Britain;
The use of radioisotopes 32 P and 35 S In studies
on behaviour of pesticides in the soil;
Evaluation of a rapid index of environmental
pollution by tobacco smoke and study of the
composition of the main-stream and side-
stream cigarette smoke;
The contribution of organic lead compounds to
total lead levels in urban atmospheres.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Carcinogens, Toxicology, Epi-
demiology, Air pollution, Public health, Evaluation,
Methodology, Assessments, Foreign countries, Phys-
iological effects, Children, Exposure, Respiratory dis-
eases, Lead poisoning, Mercury poisoning, 'Environ-
mental health, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Noise
pollution.
PB-261 480/8 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Recant Advance* In the Assessment of the Health
Effects of Environmental Pollution, Held at Parla
(France) on 24-28 June 1974. Volume IV.
Commission of the European Communities, Luxem-
bourg. Directorate General Scientific and Technical In-
formation and Information Management.
1975,650p EUR-5360-VOI-4, EPA/600/9-75/009d
Prepared in Cooperation with World Health Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland).
Also available in set of 4 reports as PB-261 476-SET,
PCE99/MFE99.
Partial contents:
The state of the art regarding the experimental
investigations of the effects of pollutants;
The assessment of environmental carcinogen risks
in terms of life shortening;
Pollutant-oriented integrated monitoring systems
and lead exposure assessment;
Intel-comparison programme on the analysis of
lead, cadmium and mercury in biological fluids;
The concentrations of copper, Iron, manganese,
zinc and cadmium in human hair as a possible
indicator of their tissue concentrations;
The carcinogenic risk for man of environmental
chemicals;
Behavioral methods for investigating environmental
health effects.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Carcinogens, Toxicology, Epi-
demiology, Air pollution. Public health, Evaluation,
Methodology, Assessments, Foreign countries, Phys-
iological effects, Children, Exposure, Respiratory dis-
eases, Lead poisoning, 'Environmental health, *Alr
pollution effects(Humans).
PB-261 499/8 PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Study Comparative Winter Survival of
Fecal Bacteria In Subarctic River. Working paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, College, Alaska.
Arctic Environmental Research Lab.
Dale J. Van Donsel, Ronald C. Gordon, and Charlotte
V. Davenport. May 74,30p Working Paper-28
A preliminary Investigation of Salmonella survival in a
subarctic Alaskan river was conducted during March
1973, when there was total Ice cover and OC water
temperature. Since most of the domestic pollution en-
tered the river from one source and there were no ad-
ditional sources downstream, it was possible to exam-
ine survival without interruption for seven days flow
time. Six Salmonella serotypes were isolated, and sal-
monellae were still recoverable both quantitatively and
qualitatively after seven days flow time In the presence
of 330 total conforms/100 ml and 60 fecal conforms/
100ml.
Keywords: 'Salmonella, 'Stream pollution, 'Alaska,
Survival, Sampling, Temperature measurement, Ice,
Winter, Collform bacteria.
PB-261 514/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Evaluation of the National Pesticide Monitoring
Program (NPMP). Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
T. E. Carroll, W. T. Lawhon, D. A. Holzworth, and R. S.
Reimers. Mar 75,160p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2296
The objectives of this program were to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of the National Pesticide Monitoring Pro-
gram (NPMP), identify program strengths and weak-
nesses, and recommend actions necessary to in-
crease program capability. Specific tasks accom-
plished included: (1) Compilation of NPMP Data -
Available data were grouped by relevant parameters
such as environmental component monitored, fre-
quency of collection, number and location of samples
taken, chemicals monitored and means of monitoring;
(2) Effectiveness of NPMP System - The available data
were assessed with respect to drawing statistical infer-
ences on trends in national pesticide residue levels,
and data limitation problems identified; (3) Survey
State Monitoring Activities - The emphasis of this task
was on the determination of data availability to aug-
ment a national system; and (4) Recommendations -
This task considered implications of project findings
with respect to policy options available to Government
for Improving pesticide monitoring capability.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Research projects, Monitor-
ing, National government, Recommendations, Assess-
ments, Effectiveness, Data processing, Surveys, Poli-
cies, State government, Food supply, Residues,
Humans, Wildlife, Water supply, Soils, Trends.
PB-260 930
see price codes for Individual reports
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971-73,49 reports
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission sources; Control methods;
Measurement methods; Air quality measurements; At-
mospheric interactions; Basic science and technology;
Effects-human health; Effects-plants and livestock; Ef-
fects-materials; Economic aspects; Standards and cri-
teria; Legal and administrative; Social aspects; and
general and miscellaneous. All abstracts are listed
under one of the above subject fields. A subject and
author index are included. This issue contains ab-
stracts 44694 - 45371.
APABCA-6-3-1975. Volumes, No. 3, March 1975.
Mar75,160p, PCA08/MFA01 PB-261 516/1
PB-261 S17/7 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Waatewater Treatment Worka Con-
struction Grant Program, Supplement Number 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Nov 76,27p EPA/MCD-02.2
See also Supplement no. 1, PB-260 650.
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives issued after the Manual of Refer-
ences. MCD-02.1. was published.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities,
•Grants, Construction, Manuals, Regulations, Policies,
Handbooks, Industrial plants, 'Sewage treatment
plants.
PB-261 518/6 PC A14/MF A01
NAPCA Abstract Bulletin. Volume 1, Number 10,
1970, Abstracts 7328-8463.
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
1970,308p APABCA-1(10)(1970)
See also Volume 1, Number 5, PB-260 915. Errata
sheet inserted.
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This issue contains
abstracts 7328 -8463.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Periodicals, Abstracts, An-
nouncement bulletins.
PB-261 519/3 PC A02/MF A01
Investigating Flth Mortalities.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, D.C. Div. of Technical Support.
1970,22p
This brochure discusses fish kills of natural origin and
those that are man-induced.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Mortality, Oxygen, pH, Tempera-
ture, Pesticides, Ice, Underwater explosions, Animal
diseases, 'Flshkill.
PB-261 552-T PC A05/MF A01
The Hardiness of Fish and Invertebrates Under
Changes In the Salinity of their Environment and
the Method* of the Determination of this Hardi-
ness (Vynosllvost ryb I Bespozvonocnyx prl Iz-
menenll Solenoatl Sredy I Metodlkl ee Opredelen-
iya),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. F. Karpevlc. 1960,94p EPA-TR-75-95
Trans, of Karadagska Biologlchna Stantsiya. Trudy
(USSR)n16p86-lSl 1960.
The translation describes saline water tolerances of
fishes and aquatic animals. Experimental data on
levels of exposure to saline water and reactions of ex-
perimental animals are given.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Invertebrates,
'Tolerances(Physiolqgy), Salinity, Fresh water, Surviv-
al, Translations, USSR.
PB-261 554-T
PC A02/MF A01
Arsenic Poisoning Due to Morlnga M. f. Dried Milk
(Morlnaga Doral Mlruku M.F. n* Yoru Hlso Chu-
doku nl Tsutte),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
Naoji Kltamura, and Toshiaki Kasuyama. 1955,4p
EPA-TR-74-114
Trans, from Okayama-ken Else! Kenkyusho Nenpo
(Japan) n61955.
To find the cause of the mysterious disease among ar-
tificially fed Infants, which has been studied in both the
medical and pharmaceutical fields since late June,
1955, the Hygienic Laboratory of Okayama Prefecture
started in August 24 to test M.F. 5519, which had been
taken by the infants hospitalized at the hospital, based
on the suspicion, voiced by the head physician of the
Pediatrics Department of National Okayama Hospital
on August 22, 1955, that Morlnaga M.F. dried milk
caused this disease. It was not evident from the pre-
paratory Relnsch reaction test, but, using the Gutzett
method, a large amount of arsenic In this dried milk
was recognized. As a result of the determination, 2.5-
2.8 mg of AS203 per 100 g of M.F. 5519 were detect-
ed. Also, from 100 mg each of M.F. 5515, 5516, and
5806. obtained directly from Morlnaga Milk Industry's
Osaka branch office, 1.8 mg, 2;4 mg, and 2.6 mg, re-
spectively, were detected.
Keywords: 'Milk, 'Arsenic, 'Toxldty, 'Toxic diseases,
Infants, Poisons, Japan, Translations, Trace elements.
December 1983 55
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-261 555-T
PC A02/MF A01
Fine Purification of Qu In Big Type Frame Filter*
(Tonkaya Ochlstka Qaza v Karkasnykh Rukavnykh
Flltrakh),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. T. Litvlnov. 1969,13p EPA-TR-74-23, APTIC-15627
Trans, of Elektricheskle Stantsll (USSR) n10 p42-44
1969.
Studies showed that fine purification of gas from highly
dispersed particles down to a residual concentration of
0.006-0.008 g/cu m in normal conditions can be ob-
tained In bag filters equipped with glass cloth bags In
filtering gas at temperatures up to 190-215C. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Filters,
•Translations, 'USSR.
PB-261 566-T PC A02/MF A01
The Adaptability of Metabolism In North Catalan
MuMelt (Genus Dreissena) to Variation In Salinity
Regime (Prlsposoblennoet Obmena Orclaaen Se-
vernogo Kaaplya k Izmenenlyu Solevogo Rez-
hlma),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. F. Karpevlch. 1947,15p EPA-TR-7S-108
Trans, of Zoologicheskii Zhurnal (USSR) v26 n4 p331-
3371947.
When the salinity was gradually changed, the respira-
tion was retained In all groups in the Interval from 0 to
17 parts per thousand (temperature 18-20C). Howev-
er, In salinities above 10 parts per thousand, the orga-
nisms gradually die (the cause of their death is the dis-
turbance of the osmoregulatory processes). The
method of physiological adaptations that was applied
made It possible, on the one hand, to determine the
optimal and lethal salinity metabolism zones for each
ecological group of organisms living in confined natural
salinity conditions, and, on the other hand, made It
possible to determine their 'potential resistance.' The
potential metabolism resistance for all Dreissena that
were studied turned out to be the same. This indicates
the close affinity of various groups of Dreissena.
Hence, the potential resistance is a characteristic fea-
ture of the species or even the genus.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Mussels, Aquatic animals, Me-
tabolism, Adaptation, Physiological effects, Mollusca,
USSR, Translations, Tables(Data),' Dreissena.
PB-261 557-T PC A02/MF A01
The Value of Studying the Mutagenlc and Embry-
onic Properties of Pesticides tor Toxlcologlcal-
Hyglenlc Assessment (Znachenle Issledovanil Mu-
tagennykh I Embrlotokslchesklkh Svolstv Pestttsl-
dov dlya Ikh Tokslkologo-Olglenlcheskol Otsenkl),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L V. Samosh, M. A. Pilinskaya, L. V. Martson, and A. I.
Kurlnnyi. 1968,13pEPA-TR-73-338
Trans, of Ail-Union Scientific Conference on Hygiene
and Toxicology of Pesticides (4th), n.p., 11-14 Jun 68,
P748-756.
In experiments on the bone marrow of mice and a leu-
kocyte culture of human peripheral blood, the cytoge-
netic activity of clneb, cirame and maneb was re-
vealed. Their embryotoxlc effect on rats was shown in
comparatively high doses, not toxic for the adult orga-
nism. This indicates potential danger of these sub-
stances according to both Indices. Genetic studies for
hygienic purposes must be conducted on biological
subjects far removed from man, in particular, on in-
sects. The potential and possible actual genetic
danger of pesticides can be assessed on the basis of
comparing data from tests on human cells 'In vitro' and
on the enure organism of laboratory animals.
Keywords: •Pesticides," 'Toxiclty, 'Genetics, Muta-
gens, Embryology, Tables(Data), USSR, Translations,
'Clneb, 'Cirame, ' Maneb, Manganese ethylene bis-
dlthlocarbamate.
PB-261 670/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Sweet Briar Lake, Morton County, North Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, dreg.
Oct 76,36p Working Paper-577
56 Vol. 83, No. 26
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sweet Briar Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tlon, 'Water quality data, Morton CountyfNorth
Dakota).
PB-261 571/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Report on Lake Sakakawea; Dunn. McKensle,
McLean, Mercer, Mountrall, and Williams Coun-
ties, North Dakota. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 76,72p Working Paper-575
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Sakakawea, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Dunn County(North Dakota),
McKenzie County(North Dakota), McLean
County(North Dakota), Mercer County(North Dakota),
Montrail County(North Dakota), Williams County(North
Dakota).
PB-261 593/8 PC A05/MF A01
Appalachian Regional Commission, Washington, D.C.
Settler's Cabin Park: An Environmental Assess-
ment of Mine Drainage Pollution. Final rept. Sep
75-Aug76,
Ackenneil and Associates Geo Systems, Inc., Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
William E. Gooding, Ralph C. Witt, and Murray T.
Dougherty. Jul 76,86p
Contract ARC-76-39-CO-4468-76-I-EPA-0904
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C,
A study was performed to document existing environ-
mental constraints upon land and water resources in
the Settler's Cabin Park and Pinkertons Run Water-
shed resulting from coal mining and mine drainage pol-
lution. The findings show that mine drainage pollution
has obviated beneficial use of the streams ana that un-
reclaimed strip mines and mine subsidence has dis-
couraged aesthetic appreciation and recreation facili-
ties development. A mine drainage abatement and
land reclamation plan was developed based upon
technical water quality criteria, cost effectiveness, land
use planning and minimization of adverse Impact upon
the terrestrial ecosystem of Settler's Cabin Park.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Parks, "Mine
waters, * Pinkertons Run Watershed, Strip mining, Sub-
sidence, Land reclamation, Recreational facilities, En-
vironmental Impacts, Project planning, Cost effective-
ness, Assessments, Maps, Tables(Data), Pennsylva-
nia, 'Acid mine drainage, 'Settlers Cabin Park,
Pittsburgh(Pennsylvanla).
PB-261 604/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Jamestown Reservoir, Stutsman County, North
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 76,36p Working Paper-570
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient la
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Jamestown Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, North Dakota,
Eutrophlcation, 'Water quality data, Stutsman
County(North Dakota).
PB-261 S96/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Darling, Renvllle and Ward Counties, North
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 76,37p Working Paper-666
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegae, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Blamarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Darling, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophica-
tlon, 'Water quality data, Renvllle CountyfNorth
Dakota), Ward County(North Dakota).
PB-261 598/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Matejcek Lake, Walsh County, North Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 76,36p Working Paper-572
Prepared (n cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., North Dakota
State Dept. of Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota Na-
tional Guard, Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Matejcek Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, North Dakota, Eutrophlca-
tion, 'Water quality data, Walsh County(North Dakota).
PB-261 664-T
PC A02/MF A01
Ths Effect of Molybdenum (Molybdenite) on the
Nervous System (0 Vllyanll Mollbdena (Mollb-
denlt) na Nervnuyu Slstemu),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. L. Yeolyan. 1985,10p EPA-TR-76-323
Trans, of Zhurnal Eksperimentalnol I Kllnlcheskol Me-
dltslny (USSR) vS n3 p70-73 1965.
The report summarizes the data of Investigations. As a
result of the harmful effect of concentrations of molyb-
denite on the nervous system, the Interrelation of the
basic functions of the cells of the cortex are disturbed
at first, which In turn leads to a neurotic condition. Sub-
sequently, according to the degree of progression of
the process, the vegetative disturbances are super-
posed-lnhlbition of the diencephallc-hypothalamlc
vegetative functions, which explains the vegetative
manifestations In people having constant contact with
molybdenite. In the later stage, inertness of the vege-
tative function of the dlencephalic-hypothalamic for-
mations can ensue, which also causes the occurrence
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and Intensification of vegetatlve-dystrophic occur-
rences, Intensification of weight loss, sharp worsening
of appetite, disturbance of sleep, dizziness, and other
manifestations.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, 'Molybdenum, 'Nerv-
ous system, 'Toxicology, Metalliferous minerals, Mo-
lybdenite, USSR, Translations, Central nervous
system, Pathology, Occupational safety and health.
Keywords: 'Vanadium, 'Oxygen consumption, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Toxicology, Trace elements, Physio-
logical effects, Laboratory animals, Guinea pigs,
Dosage, Toxicity, Bloassay, USSR, Translations.
PB-261 660-T
PC A02/MF A01
PB-261 6S7-T
PC A02/MF A01
The Toxicology of Titanium Tetrachlorlds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, IM.C. Translation Services Section.
I.V.Sanotskii. 1960,10pEPA-TR-76-331
Trans, of mono. K Tokslkologil Chetyrekhkhoristogo
Titana, Moscow, 1960p213-219.
With respect to the character of its effect, TICI4 is an Ir-
ritant. The toxicity of TICI4 depended on atmospheric
humidity. With an increase in humidity, the toxicity de-
creased. At an absolute humidity of 5 - 7 mm Hg, LD50
is approximately 0.1 mg/l, and at an absolute humidity
of 10 - 17 mm Hg - 0.4 mg/l. A reduction In oxygen
consumption, an increase In the summation capacity
of the central nervous system, and death ensued with
symptoms of edema and pulmonary hemorrhages in
the poisoned animals. The animals that survived after
a single inhalation dose were less sensitive to repeat-
ed exposure to this product a month after the first ex-
posure.
Keywords: 'Titanium chlorides, 'Industrial medicine,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Dosage, Lethal dosage, Humid-
ity, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, USSR, Translations,
Occupational safety and health, Irritant compounds.
PB-261 658-T PC A02/MF A01
The Study of Certain Blood Indices during Long-
Term Administration of Vanadyl Sulfato,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L M. Kopylova. 1978,7p EPA-TR-76-339
Trans, of mono. Izuchenie Nekotorykh Pokazatelei
Krovi prl DIKelnom Vvedenli Vanadll-Sulfata, Voron-
ezh, n.d. p65-68.
The experiment was performed on 15 rabbits weighing
1.6 - 2.2 kg. The solution of vanadyl sulfate was pre-
pared from spectrally pure salt, and was administered
30 times to the animals, subcutaneously, during the
day for two months, in the amount of 1 mg/kg of
weight. In order to estimate the toxic effect of the prep-
aration during multiple long-term administration, spe-
cial investigations were made: there was a general
analysis of the blood, blood cholesterol, and beta-lipo-
proteins. Moreover, 15 amino acids and protein frac-
tions of the blood were investigated in 8 rabbits. All of
the investigations were made In dynamics. During clini-
cal observation, the behavior of the animals and out-
ward appearance was no different from the control ani-
mals, and there were no disruptions of function of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Blood analysis, Toxicity, Va-
nadium Inorganic compounds, Vanadium oxides, Sul-
fates, Laboratory animals, Rabbits, Bioassay, USSR,
Translations, 'Vanadlum/oxo-suHato.
PB-281 659-T PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Vanadium on the Intensity of
Oxygen Consumption by Guinea Pig* (Vllyanle
Vansdlya na Intenstvnosi Potreblenlya Klstoroda
MorsklmlSvlnkaml),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
T. Kh. Kulieva. 1970,10p EPA-TR-76-345
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Ashkha-
bad. Izvestfya, Seriya Blologtehesklkh Nauk, n4 p53-57
During dally (for 15 - 25 days) double administration of
an aqueous solution of sodium metavanadate peroral-
ly in guinea pigs, the following were noted (with re-
spect to the intensity of oxygen consumption): the ab-
sence of an effect with a daily dose (in calculation for
the metal) of 1 micrograms/kg; an Increase In oxygen
consumption at a dose of 3.2 micrograms/kg (zone of
blotic effect); the absence of a statistically reliable
effect at a dose of 128 mlcrograms/kg (zone of Inef-
fectiveness); a toxic effect at a dose of 5.1 mg/kg or
higher (zone of toxtoopharmacologlcal effect).
Spawning of Perch In Artificial Spawning Site* of
the Nest Type In the Lower Reaches of the Dnepr
(Merest Sudaka na Shtuchnlkh Nersstovshchakh
Tlpu Qnlsd u Ponlzzl Onlpra),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
M. D. Bilii. 1963,21p EPA-TR-76-335
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk URSR, Kiev. Instytut Hidro-
biologii, n39 p118-128 1963.
The translation describes observations made of the
spawning of perch and other fishes in artificial nests in
the Dnepr Estuary, the Ingulets River, and other reser-
voirs and lakes over a five-year period.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Dnepr
Estuary, 'Rivers, 'Reservoirs, Fishes, Temperature,
Eggs, Translations, USSR.
PB-261 708/2 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Environmental Pollution Control Pulp and Paper
Industry. Part I. Air.
EKONO, Inc., Bellevue, Wash.
Oct 76,378p* EPA/685/7-76/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -1821
This publication, directed towards the process and
design engineer, describes types, quantities, and
sources of emissions, presents the latest control
device alternatives, and estimates costs for Imple-
menting the air pollution control systems. Emphasis is
placed on explanation of chemical and physical proc-
esses which generate emission in specific unit oper-
ations so that the advantages and disadvantages of
both Internal and external process control methods
can be understood. Actual field installations have pro-
vided the basis for the majority of design data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Paper Industry,
'Pulp mills, Process control, Wood pulp, Sulflte pulp-
ing, Process control, Black liquors, Process control,
Gas scrubbing, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxides, Evaporators, Boilers, Oxidation, Conden-
sates, Odors, Design, Cost analysis.
PB-261 717/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulfport, Miss. Pes-
ticides Regulation Div.
National Soils Monitoring Program for Pesticide
Residues, FY 1969,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Pesticides Regulation Div.
3. B. Wlersma, H. Tai, and P. F. Sand. 1 Jul 72,156p
EPA/540/8-78/034
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Gulfport, Miss. Pesticides Regulation Div. and
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Hyatts-
vllle, Md. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs.
This report lists pesticide residues In cropland soil for
43 states and noncropland soil for 11 of these. Tables
for each state give arithmetic means, range, number of
samples collected and percent of sites with detectable
residues. In addition, for selected pesticides and var-
ious states and state groupings, a frequency distribu-
tion of pesticide residues Is presented. Use records for
the year of sampling are summarized by the pesticide
used, the percent of farms using it, the average appli-
cation rate and the average amount applied. Compari-
sons are made between residue levels In different land
use areas. The tons of DDT, aldrin and dleldrln resi-
dues present In cropland soil are estimated.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soils,
Concentrat!on(Compo8ition), Residues, Farms,
Volume, Statistical data, DDT, Aldrin, Dleldrln, Land
use, States(Unlted States), Correlation techniques, Es-
timates, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-261 758/7
PCA14/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Open Space as an Air Resource Management
Measure. Volume I: Sink Factors,
COMSIS Corp., Glastonbury, Conn. Environmental
Services.
Robert S. DeSanto, William H. Smith, Joseph A. Miller,
William P. McMillen, and Kenneth A. MacGregor. Oct
76,310p* H800-I, EPA/450/3-76/028a
Contract EPA-68-02-2350
See also Volume IA, PB-261 759.
Sink and emission factors, standardized where possi-
ble. Into SI units of micrograms per square meter of
surface area per hour are reported based on an exten-
sive English and foreign language literature search.
Approximately 2,000 English abstracts are listed de-
rived from English, German, Russian, Japanese and
other source literature. Data Is reported relative to the
removal of ammonia, carbon monoxide, chlorine, flu-
orine, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, peroxyacetylnl-
trate (PAN) particulates, and sulfur dioxide, by vegeta-
tion, soil and water. Emission of ammonia, carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are also
reported to the extent that they are found in the litera-
ture. The level of confidence placed on the data is
briefly described and the overall conclusions, which
can be made based on these data, are presented.
Volume I is a complement to Volumes II and III which
form part of this project.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plants(Botany), 'Vegeta-
tion, 'Soils, Water, Removal, Emission, Ammonia,
Carbon monoxide, Chlorine, Fluorine, Hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Bibliographies,
Trees(Plants), Forest trees, 'Natural emissions, Eco-
systems, 'Sinks(Biosphere), Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB-261 759/5 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Open Space as an Air Resource Management
Measure. Volume IA: Appendix to Sink Factors.
Final rapt,
COMSIS Corp., Glastonbury, Conn. Environmental
Services.
Robert S. DeSanto, William H. Smith, Joseph A. Miller,
William P. McMillen, and Kenneth A. MacGregor. Dec
76,882p* H800-l-App, EPA/450/3-76/028a-App
Contract EPA-68-02-2350
See also Volume 1, PB-261 758.
Abstracts of approximately 2,000 references are com-
piled In support of determining what is known about
the sink and emission factors for air pollutants associ-
ated with soil and vegetation. Some very limited litera-
ture is also abstracted relative to water bodies as sink
and sources of air pollutants. This abstracted bibliogra-
phy is in support of the three volumes which comprise
the final report of this project.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plants(Botany), 'Vegeta-
tion, 'Soils, Water, Trees(Plants), Forest trees, Re-
moval, Emission, Ammonia, Carbon monoxide, Chlo-
rine, Fluorine, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Bibliographies, Abstracts, 'Natural emissions,
Ecosystems, *Sinks(Bio8phere), Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB-261 760-T PC A02/MF A01
Clinical Manifestation of Zinc Phosphide Poison-
Ing of Animals (KllnfchMfcos Proyavlenle Otrav-
lenlya Zhlvotny kn Fosfldom Tslnka),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
B. S. Bushmanov, and A. M. Rakhmanov. 1967,8p
EPA-TR-73-442
Trans, of Veterinariya (USSR) n44 p63-641867.
To observe the clinical picture of zinc phosphide poi-
soning, 120 mammals (pigs, sheep, goats, calves, rab-
bits, dogs and cats) were administered a zinc phos-
phide preparation in doses of 10-150 millgrams per
kilogram. In most cases the symptoms of poisoning
developed rapidly, culminating In a fatal outcome In a
matter of hours, and signs of poisoning were similar In
all species of experimental animal used. The animals
first experienced short-term stimulation, manifested by
unrest, whining, dashing or leaping about the cage etc,
followed by depression giving way to paralysis of the
extremities. Total loss of appetite, vomiting (In pigs,
cats and dogs) arythmla of respiration, tachycardia,
bradychardla, hypothermia and a terminal comatose
state gave further evidence of zinc oxide's Injurious
effect upon the animals' nervous systems.
December 1983 57
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Poisons, *Toxic diseases, Chemical com-
pounds, Bioassay, Mammals, Laboratory animals,
Translations, USSR, Dosage, Experimental data, Toxi-
cology, 'Zinc phosphides, Toxic substances.
PB-261 761-T PC A02/MF A01
Equilibrium Diagram of a Vapor-Llquld System,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
J. Runkla, and E. Surde, 1967,11 p EPA-TR-76-334
Trans, from Politekhnicheskii Institut, Tallin (USSR)
n2541967.
This paper investigates certain equilibrium laws for
multi-component systems and their application to the
distillation process. The equilibrium of these systems
is described in special coordinates (concentration of
liquid phase -- temperature - vapor pressure and tem-
perature - concentration of vapor phase). The sys-
tems investigated are: (1) A binary miscible system; (2)
a miscible system with saturated water vapor; (3) a
binary miscible system with superheated steam.
Keywords: 'Phase diagrams, 'Vapor phases, 'Liquid
phases, Distillation, Concentration(Composition),
Water vapor, Solubility, Binary systems(Materials),
Steam, Chemical equilibrium, Phase transformations,
Translations, USSR.
PB-261 762-T PC A02/MF A01
Nests for the Pike Perch (Gnezda dlya Sudaka),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
N. Belyi. 1959,7p EPA-TR-76-324
Trans, of Rybovodstvo i Rybolovstvo (USSR) n2 p15-
171959.
The translation describes the design of artificial nests
used for the spawning grounds of Pike Perch, bream,
and other fishes in the Dnieper Estuary.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Dnieper
Estuary, 'Reservoirs, Fishes, Eggs, Aquaculture,
Design, Translations, USSR.
PB-261 763-T PC A02/MF A01
Occupational Vinyl Chloride Intoxication (O
Professlonalnol Intokslkatsll Vlnllkhlorldom),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. A. Antonyuzhenko. 1968,6p EPA-TR-76-365
Trans, of Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevan-
iya (USSR) v12 n3 p50-52 1968.
Cases of acute vinyl chloride intoxication in workers
are extremely rare and are usually due to massive ex-
posure to the substance during work in closed areas
and during accidents. Under the indicated conditions
even short-term breathing of vinyl chloride can cause
sudden loss of consciousness and a state of narcosis.
In those cases when the patient is not immediately re-
moved from the gas-filled room, a coma may develop
that is lethal as the result of respiratory arrest. With
timely rendering of first aid, patients soon emerge from
the comatose condition, but consciousness may
remain clouded for a short time. Over the next few
days, headache, dizziness, general weakness and an
inclination to bradycardia and arterial hypotony are ob-
served. The patient practically recovers in 5-7 days.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Industrial hygiene, 'Toxic-
ity, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxic diseases, Chemical
compounds, Translations, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Industrial medicine, Industrial atmospheres,
USSR, Respiration, Gases, Toxicology, Occupational
safety and health, 'Air pollution effect8(Humans),
Toxic substances.
PB-261 764-T PC A02/MF A01
Problem* of Occupational Hygiene and the State
Projzvedetve Lateksnoyo NolMnilkhlorlda),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. S. Filatova, E. Sh. Gronsberg, N. A. Smimova, E. A.
Stulova, and I. V. Oreshkevich. 1965,10p EPA-TR-76-
366
Trans, of Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevan-
iya (USSR) v9n8p9-141965.
Pollution of the air with vinyl chloride and resin dust is
possible during the manufacture of latex polyvinyl chlo-
ride. Such pollution is caused by disruption of the seal
of equipment and by carrying out certain operations
manually. During the study of the state of health of the
workers, some of them were found to have changes
characteristic for the initial forms of chronic vinyl chlo-
ride intoxication: slightly pronounced disorders of the
vegetative-vascular regulation, symptoms of vegeta-
tive polyneuritis and tnermoregulatory disorders. An
improvement in the conditions of labor of workers em-
ployed in manufacturing latex polyvinyl chloride can be
attained by means of sealing the equipment, improving
technological operations and improving the function of
ventilation.
Keywords: 'Polyvinyl chloride, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Health status, Toxic
diseases, Manufacturing, Industrial medicine, Transla-
tions, USSR, Toxicology, Industrial atmospheres, Rec-
ommendations, Pathology, Occupational safety and
health, Toxic substances, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB-261 772/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Boone and South Holston Reservoirs, Washing-
ton, Sullivan, and Carter Counties, Tennessee,
Washington County, Virginia. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,84p Working Paper-443
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, * Boone Reservoir,
'South Holston Reservoir, Water quality, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement,
Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water quality man-
agement, Tennessee, Virginia, Eutrophication, "Water
quality data, Washington CountyfTennessee), Sullivan
CountyfTennessee), Carter CountyfTennessee),
Washington County(Virginia).
PB-261 773/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Tlppecanoe, Kosclusko County, Indiana.
Final rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 76.37p Working Paper-342
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Indiana State
Board of Health, Indianapolis, and Indiana National
Guard, Indianapolis.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Tippecanoe, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Indiana, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Kosclusko County(lndiana).
PB-261 774/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
James Lake, Kosclusko County, Indiana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 76,33p Working Paper-330
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Indiana State
Board of Health, Indianapolis, and Indiana National
Guard, Indianapolis.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'James Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Indiana, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Kosciusko County(lndiana).
PB-261 776/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas.
Cherokee Lake, Jefferson, Hamblen, Grainger,
and Hawkins Counties, Tennessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,58p Working Paper-445
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cherokee Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Tennessee, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Jefferson
County(Tennessee), Hamblen CountyfTennessee),
Grainger CountyfTennessee), Hawkins
County (Tennessee).
PB-261 778-SET PC E07
Upgrading Meat Packing Facilities to Reduce Pol-
lution.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct73,201p-in3v
Set includes PB-261 779 thru PB-261 781.
No abstract available.
PB-261 779/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Upgrading Meet Packing Facilities to Reduce Pol-
lution. In-Process Modifications end Pretrest-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 73, 96p EPA/625/3-73/003a-Vol-1
Paper copy also available In set of 3 reports PC E07,
PB-261 778-SET, and from Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati,
Ohio. 45268.
The first volume of the 3 volume set emphasizes modi-
fications to reduce pollution. Where possible, this
volume deals with waste conservation in existing
plants. It also examines the elements of equipment
that make up a pretreatment plant, whether it be an ex-
pansion of pretrsatment facilities or an entirely new
system.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Food processing, Waste water reuse,
Regulations, Water conservation, Animal wastes, By-
products, Greases, Blood, Equipment, Upgrading,
Design, Odor control, 'Meat packing Industry.
PB-261 760/1 PC A04/MF A01
Upgrading Meat Packing Facilities to Reduce Pol-
lution. Weste Treatment
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. Onto.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 73,65p EPA/625/3-73/003a-Vol-2
58 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Procedures in the planning, design, and
construction of a wastewater-treatment system;
Wastewater-treatment methods for the meat
packing industry;
Operation and maintenance of waste-treatment
plants;
Survey of existing waste-treatment facilities for the
meat-processing industry.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Food processing, Waste water reuse,
Design, Anaerobic processes, Activated sludge proc-
ess, Aerobic processes, Trickling filters, Irrigation,
Maintenance, Surveys, 'Meat packing industry.
PB-261 781/9 PC A03/MF A01
Upgrading Meat Packing Facilities to Reduce Pol-
lution. Choosing the Optimum Financial Strategy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 73,40p EPA/625/3-73/003a-Vol-3
Paper copy also available in set of 3 reports PC E07,
PB-261 778-SET, and from Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Technology Transfer, Cincinnati,
Ohio. 45268.
This report is an explanation of how some proven tax
and financing strategies, and their use in various com-
binations, can help the financial position of three hypo-
thetical meat packing operations, with differing man-
agement goals, facing capital equipment expenditures.
For the meat packers who have a choice between
onslte treatment and sending their pretreated wastes
to a municipal system, a method of financial analysis of
these alternatives also is presented. This report pri-
marily focuses on areas such as the stunning, bleed-
ing, cutting, eviscerating, and processing phases of
curing; therefore, wastewater is the major pollution sit-
uation considered.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Financing,
Food processing, 'Water pollution control, Taxes, Fi-
nancial management, States(Untted States), Byprod-
ucts, Operating costs, Municipalities, 'Meat packing
industry.
W-261 7B2/7 PC A24/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1975.
Volume 1. Ohio Rlvtr Basin. Water data rept. 1 Oct
74-30 Sep 75 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. Water Resources
1975,555p USGS-WDR-OH-75-1, USGS/WRD/HD-
76/041
See also Volume 2, PB-261 783.
Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
I gaging stations; stage and contents for 32 lakes
And reservoirs; water quality for 174 gaging stations,
*nd 12 wells; and water levels for 25 observations
wells. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in
Ohio.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution. 'Ohio, Tables(Oata), Stream
now, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, SuHatea, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
jerta, Metals, Conductivity, Ohio River Basin, Water
•wels, 'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
•JB-2B1 7B3/5 PC A11/MF A01
*«ter Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1976.
Volume 2. St Lawrence River Baaln. Water data
fept 1 Oct 74-30 Sep 75 (Annual).
geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. Water Resources
J875,249p USGS/WDR/OH-75-2, USGS/WRD/HD-
Seealso Volume 1, PB-261 7S2.
Water resources data for the 1875 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
W of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
«w» and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
«y In wells. This report contains discharge records for
89 gaging stations; water quality for 50 gaging stations,
and 3 wells; and water levels tor 8 observations wells.
These data represent that part ol the National Water
Data System operated by the U. S. Geological Survey
and cooperating State and Federal agencies In Ohio.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Ohio, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
teria, Metals, Conductivity, Saint Lawrence River
Basin, 'Water levels, 'Water quality data, Peak dis-
charge.
PB-261 803/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Priorities and Procedures for Development of
Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources of Atmospheric Emissions. Final rept,
Argonne National Lab., III. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Loren J. Habegger, Richard R. Cirillo, and Norman F.
Sather. May 76,216p EPA/450/3-76/020
Because of the Increasingly important role of new
source performance standards in the national air qual-
ity program and the large number of categories for
which standards are being developed, a clearly de-
fined procedure for selecting category priorities and
establishing schedules for standard promulgation Is a
necessity. This report describes a methodology that
has been developed for selecting priorities and sched-
ules based on projected reductions In emissions re-
sulting from the individual standards and other consid-
erations related to technological, legal, institutional,
and conservation factors. The methodology is used
with available data to develop an initial standard-set-
ting program. The program variations that result from
alternate areas of emphasis are also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion
products, Standards, Sources, Classifications, Indus-
tries, Control, Methodology, Constraints, Selection,
Technology, Legislation, Organizations, Conservation,
Project planning, Variations, Forecasting, Clean Air
Act, 'Stationary sources, Priorities, 'Air pollution
standards, Alternatives, New source performance
standards.
PB-261 812/2 PC A02/MF A01
Review of Toxlclty Teat Results Submitted In Sup-
port of Pesticide tolerance Petition*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Melvin D. Reuber. 9 Apr 76,24p EPA/540/9-76/035
The author examined a small selection of the thou-
sands of pesticide toxicity test reports In EPA's files.
He examined reports on chronic feeding studies In
rats. In such studies, rats are fed diets containing a
pesticide for extended periods. Such studies, together
with several others required for registration ana toler-
ance-setting, are designed to provide some Indication
of the health risks that may be associated with human
exposure to pesticides. Test reports on 23 pesticide
active ingredients were examined. These were select-
ed from among the 275 active ingredients for which
there are pesticide residue tolerances applicable to
raw agricultural commodities. The ones selected are
among those for which tolerances have been estab-
lished for particularly large numbers of food commod-
ities. The author did not perform a detailed or definitive
evaluation of the safety of each of the 23 pesticides,
nor old he perform a definitive evaluation or each test
report.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxlclty, Tests, Laboratory
animals, TolerancesfPbysiotogy), Pathology, Bio-
assay, Rats, Hlstopathology, Health risks, Maximum
permissible exposure level, Threshold limit values,
Pesticide residues, Oncology.
PB-261 816/3
Environmental Protection Agen.
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality
ards.
Economic Impact ol Stage II
PC A12/MF A01
Vapor Recovery
The report assesses the potential economic impact re-
sulting from EPA's Stage II vapor recovery regulations
covering gasoline refueling facilities in specified Air
Quality Control Regions. Four general subject areas
are addressed in the seven tasks which compose the
impact study: (1) Number, throughput, and ownership
patterns of dispensing facilities in the AQCRs'; (2) eco-
nomic affordability of vapor recovery equipment in-
vestment; (3) capital availability for vapor recovery
equipment investment for various types of ownership
classes; and (4) vapor recovery equipment availability.
The report identifies the segments of the retail gaso-
line industry that are likely to be impacted by the regu-
lations.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Gasoline, 'Evapora-
tion control, 'Refueling, "Air pollution control, Regula-
tions, Automobiles, Investments, Vapors, Air quality
maintenance, 'Service stations.
PB-261 826/2 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Red Rock Reservoir, Marlon County, Iowa. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 76,52p Working Paper-503
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Guard, Des Moines.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
Regulations: Working Memoranda. Final rept.,
, Utt'e (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mais.
P. E. Mawn. Nov 78,265p EPA/450/3-76/042
Contract EPA-66-02-1349
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Red Rock Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Iowa, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Marion County(lowa).
PB-261 827/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas.
Great Falls Lake, White and Van Buren Countlea,
Tennessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,47p Working Paper-449
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Falls Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients. Bioassay, Watersheds.
Water quality management, Tennessee, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, White CountyfTennessee),
Van BurenCountyfiennessee).
PB-261 843/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Saluda Lake, Greenville and Plckens Countlea,
South Carolina. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 76,35p Working Paper-438
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
December 1983 59
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Saluda Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, "Water quality data, Greenville County(South
Carolina), PickensCounty(South Carolina).
PB-261 914/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Equilibrium Partial Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide In
Alkaline Scrubbing Processes. Environmental pro-
tection technology series 1970-71,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
David K. Oestreich. Oct 76,41 p EPA-600/2-76/279
The report gives results of IERL-RTP In-house studies
in which equilibrium partial pressure of SO2 was meas-
ured as a function of pH, temperature, and concentra-
tion of sulfur (IV) on various scrubber liquors. These
studies were done for potassium-, sodium-, and ci-
trate-based scrubbing systems. It is shown that equa-
tions developed by earlier workers for predicting SO2
partial pressures are incorrect. Theoretical expres-
sions are developed to relate the equilibrium partial
pressure of S02 to the important scrubber parameters.
These expressions are experimentally validated at the
90 percent confidence level.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Partial pressure, Liquids,
'Sodium sullites, 'Citrates, Scrubbers, Equilibrium,
Mathematical models, Efficiency, Graphic methods,
Chemical reactions, Sulfites, Air pollution control, Nu-
merical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Tests, Com-
parison, Potassium inorganic compounds, 'Alkaline
scrubbing, 'Potassium sulfltes, Weilman process.
PB-261 916/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Initial Environmental Test Plan for Source Assess-
ment of Coal Ossification. Final, rapt. Jun 73-Dec
74.
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
A. Attari, M. Mensinger, and J. Pau. Sep 76,146p
EPA/600/2-76/259
Contract EPA-68-02-1307
The report describes an initial source assessment en-
vironmental test plan, developed to investigate the
fate of various constituents during coal gasification.
The plan Is an approach to the problems associated
with sampling point selection, sample collection, and
sample analysis which is based on a HYGAS-type
process. The report includes a general process de-
scription, process steps, effects of operating condi-
tions, sampling, analytical methods, and significance
of results. In order to be implemented, this environ-
mental test plan would have to be integrated into the
operating program of a specific facility. Although this
integration has not taken place, it would be a next step
toward data acquisition.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Chemical analysis.
Trace elements, Coal preparation, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Process charting, Operations, Assessments,
Design criteria, Thermodynamics, Numerical analysis,
Chemical reactions, Tablea(Data), Chemical equilibri-
um, Pilot plants, Feedwater, Subbttuminous coal, Ug-
nite, Bituminous coal, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Solid phases, Liquid phases, Vapor phases,
Residues, Hygas process, 'Air pollution detection, 'Air
pollution sampling, High btu gas, Stationary sources.
PB-261 917/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Technology and Economics of Flu* Gas NOx Oxi-
dation by Ozone. Final rept Jul-Oct 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. W. Harrison. Dec 76,74p EPA/600/7-76/033
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
The report gives results of an investigation of the kinet-
ics of oxidation of NO by ozone and concludes that a
stoichiometric amount of ozone is required when oxi-
dation, occurs at flue gas temperatures typical for elec-
trical generating stations. It also surveys the state of
current technology for large-scale ozone generation
and concludes that electrical discharge is the only fea-
sible method at present. The report also presents re-
sults (on a per unit basis) of calculations of the energy
consumption and economics of ozone generation at
rates sufficient to oxidize NO at flue gas flow rates and
at nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations typical for 500
MW coal- and oil-fired boilers. Stationary combustion
sources contribute about half the manmade NOx emit-
ted to the atmosphere in the U.S. Flue gas from com-
bustion processes contains NOx which is predomi-
nantly in the form of NO. Although NO2 is to some
extent soluble in water or aqueous solutions, NO is
practically insoluble when conventional scrubbing
processes are used. For effective removal, the NO
must either be reduced to elemental nitrogen or oxi-
dized to NO2 or higher oxides which can be removed
by scrubbing.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
'Ozonization, Chemical reactors, Flue gases, Ozone,
Oxidation, Electric power plants, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Concentration(Composition),
Fuel oil, Coal, Economic analysis, Reaction kinetics,
Numerical analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Stationary sources, Coal-fired power plants,
Fossil-fuel power plants, Electric power command.
PB-261 916/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Comparative U.S./USSR Tests of a Hot-Side Elec-
trostatic Preclpltator. Final rept. Jan 75-Sep 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Charles H. Gooding, Joseph D. McCain, and Diane K.
Sommerer. Jan 77,74p EPA/600/2-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-1398
The report describes a U.S./USSR cooperative test
program to quantify and characterize paniculate emis-
sions from a U.S. coal-burning power plant boiler,
equipped with a hot-side electrostatic preclpitator, at
Duke Power Co.'s Allen Steam Station in March 1976.
U.S. and Soviet equipment and procedures were used
to determine flue gas composition and velocity, total
paniculate mass concentration of the gas stream, par-
ticle size distribution, electrical resistivity of the panicu-
late entering the precipitator, evidence of back corona
in the precipitator, SO2 and SOS concentrations in the
flue gas, and chemical composition of the fuel and fly
ash. The test site and test procedures are described.
Results of the comparative tests are presented and
discussed. In 1972, the U.S. and the USSR signed a bi-
lateral agreement pledging cooperation on environ-
mental protection, this is one of the cooperative pro-
grams resulting from the agreement.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic preclpltators, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Electric power plants, Coal, Com-
bustion, Boilers, Gas sampling, Gas analysis. Flue
gases, Chemical analysis, Particle size distribution,
Electrical resistivity, Fly ash, Flue dust, Sulfur oxides,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Monitoring, United
States, USSR, Air pollution sampling.
PB-261 922/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research tri-
angle Park, N.C.
OesuHurlzatlon of Steel Mill Sinter Plant Oases.
Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Gary D. Brown, Richard T. Coleman, James C.
Dlckerman, and Philip S. Lowell. Oct 76,215p EPA/
600/2-76/281
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The report gives results of an evaluation of the techni-
cal and economic feasibility of using limestone scrub-
bing technology to control sinter plant emissions. Data
from Soviet and Japanese sinter plants employing
limestone scrubbing technology were used to develop
a realistic design basis. A conceptual process design
was developed and used to prepare economic esti-
mates. Results of the process design indicate that
control of sinter plant emissions by limestone scrub-
bing is technically feasible. Economic evaluations
show that limestone scrubbing will Increase the cost of
producing sinter by about $1.62 per metric ton of prod-
uct sinter for a standard sinter plant operation. For a
sinter plant with a wlndbox gas recirculatton system,
the cost increase would be about $1.44 per metric ton
of product sinter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sintering furnaces,
•Sulfur dioxide, Scrubbers, Iron and steel Industry, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis,
Limestone, Design criteria, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Process charting, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), 'Limestone scrubbing,
Wet methods, Japan, USSR.
PB-261 955/9 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions Measurement
and Control Held In Hartford, Connecticut on May
17-19,1976. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
E. M. Helming. Sep 76,315p* EPA/600/2-76/246
Contract EPA-68-02-2110
Contents: Fugitive emissions problems in perspective;
Regulatory aspect of fugitive emissions; A guideline for
the measurement of air-borne fugitive emissions from
industrial sources; Coke oven emission measurements
during pushing; Problems in measuring fugitive emis-
sions from waste disposal ponds; Continuous roof
monitor emission tests; Relative impacts of open
sources of emissions; The impact of fugitive emissions
of fine particles; Factors Influencing emissions from fu-
gitive dust sources; Study of the effect of asbestos
waste piles on ambient air; An assessment of fugitive
emissions in the primary aluminum industry; Measure-
ment of iron foundry fugitive emissions; Control of fugi-
tive emissions in petroleum refining; The cost effec-
tiveness of coke oven control technology; Future
needs for measurement and control of fugitive dust;
Determining fugitive emissions measurements needs
for an emerging industry-advanced fossil fuel utiliza-
tion; Nonpoint source water emissions-energy and in-
dustry processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Air pollution control, 'Moni-
toring, 'Meetings, Measurement, Measuring instru-
ments, Instrumentation, Continuous sampling, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Water pollution, Asbestos, Alumi-
num industry, Iron and steel industry, Foundries, Petro-
leum refining, Coking, Regulations, Government poli-
cies, Gas sampling, Chemical analysis, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, Nonpoint sources, Air pollution sampling, Air
pollution detection, Fugitive dust.
PB-261 962/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Marion: Berkeley, Calhoun, Clarendon, Oran-
geburg, and Sumter Counties, South Carolina.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Aug 76,61 p Working Paper-434
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Marion, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Berkeley County(South
Carolina), Calhoun County(South Carolina), Clarendon
County(South Carolina), Orangeburg County(South
Carolina), Sumter County(South Carolina).
PB-261 963/3 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Hartwell: Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens
Counties, South Carolina; Franklin, Hart, and Ste-
phens Counties, Oeorgla. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 75,102p Working Paper-432
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Carolina
State Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, Co-
lumbia, and South Carolina National Guard, Columbia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
60 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlonal Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Hartwell, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Carolina, Georgia,
Eutrophlcatlon, 'Water quality data, Anderson
CountyfSouth Carolina), Oconee County(South Caroli-
na), Plckens County(South Carolina), Franklin
CountyfGeori " '
CountyfGeor
County(South
Hart County(Georgla), Stephens
PB-J61 964/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Douglas Lake; Sevler, Jefferson, end Cock* Coun-
tle*, Tennessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,5Bp Working Paper-447
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Oept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Douglas Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Tennessee, Eutrophlca-
tlon, 'Water quality data, Sevler County(Tennessee),
Jefferson CountyfTennessee), Cocke
CountyfTennessee).
PB-261 880/7 PC A18/MF A01
Awards Register Grant* Assistance Programs.
Volume II. Luting Awards During January-June of
FY 1976, Listing State and Local Assistance
Award*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Dlv.
Nov76,410p* EPA/GAD/1-76/004
See also Volume 1 dated Nov 76, PB-260 742.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of January-June of Fiscal Year 1976,
'or State and Local Assistance programs. Each entry
consists of the applicant name, municipality, (Step
Code - WWT Construction projects, only), project title,
project director name, Grant Identification Number,
type of grant award, date, and dollar amount of the
award.
Keywords: 'Grants, *Alr pollution abatement, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Solid waste disposal, Research
projects, Construction, Municipalities, Hazardous ma-
terials, Sewage treatment, Radioactive wastes, Pesti-
cides, Cost estimates.
PB-292 001/1 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of the
CAFB. Final rept. Aug 76-May 76,
OCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Dlv.
Arthur S. Werner, Charles W. Young, Mark ° Bornsteln,
Robert M. Bradway, and Michael T Mills. Oct 76,324p
GCA-TR-76-18-G, EPA/600/7-76/017
Contract EPA-68-02-1316
The Chemically Active Fluid Bed (CAFB) process was
developed by the Esso Research Centre, Ablngdon
(ERCA), England as a means to generate electrical
energy from nigh sulfur, high metal heavy fuel oil. Fuel
oil IsTed continuously Into a fluldlzed bed of limestone
maintained at S70C by preheated, substolchlometrlc
air. The fuel oil entering the gaslfier Is vaporized, oxi-
dized, cracked and reduced to produce a low-Btu, low-
sulfur gas which Is then burned In a conventional
boiler. Sulfur contained In the oil Initially forms various
gaseous compounds which then react with the bed
limestone to yield solid calcium sulflde. The sulflded
lime I* cycled to a regeneration unit where It Is oxidized
to produce CaO which Is returned to the gaslfier and
SO2 which Is sent to a sulfur recovery unit. An addi-
tional feature of the CAFB process Is that the gasifler
bed material adsorbs vanadium, nickel and sodium
contained In the fuel oil, thus limiting air emissions of
these trace elements. The objective of this study was
to conduct a preliminary environmental assessment of
the CAFB. To attain these goals, a systematic evalua-
tion of all waste streams from the CAFB was made and
a process emissions Inventory was compiled.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, 'Fuel oil, 'Desul-
furlzatton, 'Fluldlzed bed processing, Electric power
plants, Limestone, Combustion, Petroleum refining,
Vanadium, Nickel, Sodium, Sulfur oxides, Solid
wastes, Calcium Inorganic compounds, Sulfldes,
Regeneration(Englneerlng), Pilot plants, Chemical
analysis, Laboratory tests, Field tests, Sampling,
Texas, Great Britain, Limestone Injection, Calcium »ul-
fides, Waste recycling, Air pollution sampling, CAFB
process.
PB-262 002/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Ola** Container Manufactur-
ing Plants. Final rept. Sep 75-Sep 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
J. R. Schorr, Diane T. Hoole, Philip R. Stlcksel, and
Clifford Brockway. Oct 76,146p EPA/600/2-76/269
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The report summarizes results of a study to gather and
analyze background Information and technical data re-
lated to air emissions from glass container manufactur-
ing operations. It covers emissions from three plant
areas: raw materials preparation and handling, glass
melting, and forming and finishing operations. Melting
furnace emissions account for over 95 percent of the
total plant emissions. The major pollutants are NOx,
SOx, and submlcron partlculates consisting mainly
(over 90 percent) of mineral sulfates. Source severity
factors determined by this study were 0.38 for NOx,
0.56 for SOx, and 0.035 for partlculates, with others
being less than 0.01. Source severity Is a measure of
the potential environmental effect of air emissions and
is the ratio of the maximum average ground level con-
centration to the primary ambient air quality standard
for criteria pollutants.
Keywords: 'Glass Industry, 'Containers, "Air pollution,
Bottles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Flue
Stationary sources, Partlculates.
PB-262 006/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Model Community Noise Control Ordinance. Final
rept.
National Inst. of Municipal Law Officers, Washington,
D.C.
Sep 75,56p EPA/560/9-76-003
This report contains a model ordinance for use by
cities and counties In the development of noise control
ordinances tailored to local conditions and goals. It Is a
comprehensive, performance-standard noise ordi-
nance Intended to overcome enforcement problema
associated with the outmoded nuisance law approach
to noise control. The report contains section* on the
control of noise from both stationary and mobile
sources and Includes land use planning provisions. A
preamble gives Important explanatory Information for
certain ordinance sections.
Keywords: *Nol*e reduction, 'Ordinance*, Local gov-
ernment, Municipalities, Counties, Models, Standard*,
Sources, Law enforcement, Improvement, Stationary
sources, Mobile sources.
PB-262 007/8 PC A18/MF A01
Background Document for Medium and Heavy
Truck NolM Emission Regulation*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Mar 76,411p EPA/550/9-76/008
On March 31, 1976, the Environmental Protection
Agency issued a regulation governing noise emissions
from medium and heavy trucks. That regulation was
issued under Section 6 of the Noise Control Act of
1972. This document presents and discusses the
background data used by the Agency In setting the
standards contained In the regulation. Presented I* a
comprehensive exposition on the most up-to-date
available Information on the environmental, technolog-
ical, and economic aspect* of medium and heavy truck
noise.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Motor trucks, 'Regula-
tions, Standards, National government, Classifica-
tions, Traffic surveys, Highways, Urban areas, Streets,
Noise reduction, Technology, Economic Impact, Opin-
ions, Law enforcement, Attitude surveys, Organiza-
tions, Public health, Cost engineering, WeighttMass),
Standards compliance, Heavy trucks.
PB-262 032/6 PC A04/MF A01
Proceedings of the International Environmental
Information Workshop Held at Washington, D.C.
on May 28-30,1976.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, Md. Environmental Data Service.
Jan76,59p
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., and Department of the En-
vironment, Ottawa (Ontario).
The International Environmental Information Work-
shop was held to promote the exchange of environ-
mental data and Information between National Ocean-
ic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the
United States and Environment Canada. These meet-
ing* were held primarily to enable the participants to
acquaint each other with their specialized environmen-
tal data and information services and library resources
so guidelines and procedure* for the effective ex-
change and sharing of resources could be developed
preparatory to the formallzatlon of exchange agree-
ments.
Keywords: 'Information systems, "Environments,
•Meetings, Information centers, Data acquisition, Li-
braries, Cooperation, United States, Canada, Mexico.
PB-262 060-T PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of the Temperature Regime on the Ef-
fectlvenee* of Spawning of the Pike-Perch Luclo-
perea Lucloperca (Vllyanle Temperaturnogo Hei-
hlma ne Effektlvnost Nereeta Sudaka),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Service* Section.
A, E. Gorodnlchll. 1967,5p EPA-TR-76-59
Trans, of Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Ispytatelel Prlr-
ody. Byulleten. Otdel Blologicheskll (USSR) v72 p130-
1311967,
The translation discusses observations made on the
water temperature fluctuations, as they Influence the
hatching rate for Pike Perch at spawning grounds lo-
cated In reservoir fish farms and In the Don River.
Keyword*: 'Perch, 'Reproduction(Blology), 'Reser-
voirs, 'Don River, Aquaculture, Eggs, Temperature,
Translations, USSR.
PB-282 061-T
PC A02/MF A01
Vanadium Metallurgy In the Light of Industrial Hy-
giene end leeuee of Prevention of Occupational
Dleeeee* end Poisoning (Metallurglye Venedlya v
evete Olgleny Trude I Voproiy Profflaktlkl Profee-
•lonalnykh Zebolevenll I Intokelkatell)
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section,
I.V. Roehohln. 1964,16pEPA-TR-73-373
Tran*. of Okhrana Truda (USSR) n9 pS-10 Sep 64.
Results are presented, based on Investigation of In-
dustrial hygiene condition* carried out by the author at
vanadium production plants undergoing modernization
of outdated technological proceue* and assimilating
newer one*. The quantitative aerosol content of the at-
mosphere of the working areas, as well as physical
properties and chemical composition of the dispersed
aerosol phase, were studied. The Incidence of occupa-
tional disease* and poisoning, the presence of which
may be attributed to the effects of composite aerosols
and of vanadium compounds, was determined by
mean* of systematic examination of the health of the
workers. Maximum permissible concentrations of iron
oxide dust containing admixtures of associated metal
oxides, a* well as of vanadium slag and vanadium tri-
oxlde dust, are presented. Through analysis of working
condition* and the state of health of the workers, cer-
December 1983 61
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tain measures lor prevention of occupational disease
and poisoning are recommended by the author.
Keywords: 'Toxic diseases, "Vanadium, 'Industrial hy-
giene, 'Poisons, Occupational diseases, Metals,
USSR, Translations, Industrial medicine, Aerosols,
Oust, Recommendations, Occupational safety and
health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Maximum per-
missible exposure level.
PB-262 062-T PC A02/MF A01
Systematic Poaltlon of Meloslra Ambigua (Grun.)
O. Mull, and Its New Form (0. Slstematlcheskom
Polozhenll Meloslra Amblgua (Grun.) O. Mull. I yee
Noyol Formy),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. P. Skabichevskii. 1966,10p EPA-TR-75-38B
Trans, from Novosti Sistematik! Nizshikh Rastenii
(USSR)p46-51 1966.
The author was able to observe melosira ambigua In
large numbers in the plankton of the Irtysh River, Lake
Zaysan, several lakes in Omskaya Oblast, the Verkh-
Isetskiy Pond in the Urals (from the maten'als of S.N.
Ulomskiy), the Dunay River (from the materials of Ya.
V. Roll) and so on. It was established that among the
vast majority of M. ambigua cells with the typical, more
or less deep annular groove, cells were encountered in
which the groove did have an acute-angled form re-
sembling that of M. italics. Further study showed that
these 'italica'-shaped cells were juvenile. The research
by the author aids in establishing the systematic posi-
tion of Melosira ambigua.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, Plankton, Phytoplankton, Aquat-
ic plants, Algae, Translations, USSR, Morphology,
Taxonomy, Research, 'Melosira ambigua.
PB-262 063-T PC A02/MF A01
Effect of the Removal of the Adrenal Glands on
the Copper, Zinc, and Iron Content In the Animal
Brain (Vllyanle Udalenlya Nadpochechnykh Zhelez
na Sodenhanle Medl, Tslnka I Zheleza v Golov-
nom Mozgu Zhlvotnykh),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
S. P. Voroshilovskaya, and V. S. Raitses. 1966,6p
EPA-TR-73-416
Trans, of Patologicheskaya Fiziologiya I Eksperimen-
talnaya Terapiya (USSR) v10(6) p78-801966.
Both complete and partial removal of the adrenal
glands in the rabbit leads to development of a deficit of
zinc in the brain tissue and an increase in the iron con-
tent. Copper and iron, as metallic components, go into
the makeup of a number of oxidative enzymes and
play an important role in the processes of tissue respi-
ration. It may be assumed that the above-mentioned
changes in the quantitative content of copper, zinc,
and iron in the animal brain following epinephrectomy
are of definite significance in the pathogenesis of
morpho-functional disturbances of the brain, especial-
ly its higher sections, which are observed in the case
of insufficient function of the adrenal glands.
Keywords: 'Adrenal gland, 'Zinc, 'Iron, 'Copper,
Pathophysiology, Physiology, Brain, Surgery,
GlandslAnatomy), USSR, Translations, Experimental
data, Rabbits, Laboratory animals, TablesfData), Cen-
tral nervous system. Trace elements, 'Epinephrec-
tomy.
PB-262 064-T PC A02/MF A01
Working Conditions and Health Status of Workers
In the Nikopol Manganese Mines (Uskwtya Truda I
Sostoyanle Zdorovya Rabochlkh Nlkopllsklkh
Margantsevykh Rudnlkov),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
G. L Khazan, Ya. M. Stanislavskii, Yu. V. Vasltonko, L
V. Khizhnyakova, and A. A. Baranenko. 1956,10p
EPA-TR-73-157, APTIC-48041
Trans, of Vrachebnoe Delo (USSR) n1-5 p277-291
To reveal the presence of dust-borne pathology and
manganese intoxication among those working in the
manganese mines, specialists from the Institute con-
ducted a medical examination of apprentice workers.
Each ofthem was examined in detail by the therapists,
neuropathologists and otolaryngologists. Clinical anal-
ysis of the blood was made, the presence of manga-
nese in the biological substrates (blood, feces and
urine) was determined and functional tests were car-
ried out at rest and after measured work (pulse, its re-
covery, respiration rate, holding the breath, arterial
pressure). One hundred seventy men were examined
in all, with 144 ofthem underground workers.
Keywords: 'Health status, 'Manganese, 'Industrial
hygiene, Toxic diseases, Morbidity, TablesfData),
Mining, USSR, Translations, Dust, Silicosis, Industrial
atmospheres, Industrial medicine, Occupational safety
and health, Air sampling, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB-262 129/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash. Air
and Hazardous Materials Div.
Case Study of Partlculate Emissions from Semi-
Suspension Incineration of Municipal Refuse.
Final rept,
Alsid, Snowden and Associates, Bellevue, Wash.
W. D. Snowden, and K. D. Brooks. Nov 76,87p EPA/
910/9-78/033
Errata sheet inserted.
One aspect of the environmental impact of semi-sus-
pension incineration of municipal refuse is the emis-
sion of paniculate matter to the atmosphere. In order
to provide this essential, but nonexistlng data, sam-
pling was conducted at the only known operating facili-
ty of this type, the East Hamilton Solid Waste Reduc-
tion Unit, Hamilton, Ontario. Based upon three runs of
EPA Method 5 during the period October 13-14,1976,
the No. 1 boiler and electrostatic precipitator at the
subject facility emitted 0.528 grains per dry standard
cubic foot, corrected to 12% carbon dioxide. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Urban areas, 'Incinerators,
'Particles, Refuse disposal, Environmental surveys,
Canada, Sampling, Data acquisition, Electrostatic pre-
cipHators, Statistical data, Solid waste disposal,
'Hamilton(Ontarto), Case studies.
PB-262 132/4 PC A98/MF A01
Collected Reprints: 1974-1975, Wave Propagation
Laboratory. Report for 1 Jan 74-31 Dec 75.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, Colo. Environmental Research Labs.
Jul 76,613p NOAA-76111060
See also report dated Aug 74, COM-75-10471.
This fourth volume of Collected Reprints comprises
work published by WPL authors between 1 January
1974 and 31 December 1975. The papers included in
this volume have been selected to minimize duplica-
tion or extraneous material; for this reason, only ab-
stracts, rather than the full text, of WPL/NOAA Techni-
cal and Memorandum Reports are included. The re-
prints In this volume are complied under the following
subjects: acoustic and gravity wave propagation; wave
propagation at optical frequencies; remote sensing
concepts; geophysical studies; and development of in-
struments and techniques.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Wave propagation,
Elastic waves, Radio waves, Gravity waves, Coherent
radiation, Acoustic scattering, Underwater acoustics,
Optical detection, Atmospheric sounding, Echo sound-
ing, Reprints, Acoustic gravity waves, Atmospheric
boundary layer.
PB-262 136/7 PC A04/MF A01
Dispersion Equation Solutions by Calculator. A
Guide for Air Pollution Engineers and Scientists.
Final rept,
Texas Air Control Board, Austin.
Richard A. Porter. Nov 75,69p TACB-4038
This guide provides methods for determining expected
pollution from an elevated point source of non-reactive
pollutants. Concentrations are estimated using the
Gaussian Blvariate Equation with solution by table
look-up methods. Tables and equations are provided
for determining plume rise based on the work of
Briggs, for determining the wind velocity at physical
stack height, the change of concentration for different
averaging times, the expected maximum ground level
concentration, and the distance to the expected maxi-
mum ground level concentration. The methods pre-
sented are especially well suited for hand held calcula-
tor solution. The guide is useful for engineers and sci-
entists involved with environmental impact statement
modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dispersions, 'Statistical
analysis, 'Computation, Plumes, Mathematical
models, Calculators, Standard deviation, Estimates,
Atmospheric circulation, Gaussian plume models.
PB-262 167/0 PC A21/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Arsenic. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Nov 76,491p* EPA/600/1-76/036
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
The report is an in-depth study that attempts to assem-
ble, organize, and interpret present-day information on
arsenic and its compounds, and the effects of these
substances on man, animals, and plants. Emphasis is
given to the effects of arsenic on man, conclusions are
drawn from the evaluation of current knowledge on the
subject, and recommendations are made for further re-
search. Although arsenic is highly toxic In many of its
forms, a number of factors suggest that it probably is
not a general pollution problem. In fact, there are indi-
cations that It may be an essential trace element.
There is some evidence that arsenicals can be muta-
penic in humans. There is epidemiologic evidence that
inorganic arsenic is a skin and lung carcinogen in man.
Skin cancer has occurred in association with exposure
to inorganic arsenic compounds in a variety of popula-
tions, including patients treated with Fowler's solution,
Taiwanese exposed to arsenic in artesian well water,
workers engaged in the manufacture of pesticides, and
vintners using arsenic as a pesticide. Lung cancer has
been observed to be associated with inhalation expo-
sure to arsenic in copper smelters, workers in pesticide
manufacturing plants. Moselle vintners, and Rhode-
sian gold miners. While much arsenic enters the at-
mosphere from the burning of coal, the concentrations
are too low to be a matter of concern.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Toxicity, Chemistry, Environ-
ments, Recommendations, Toxicology, Tables(Data),
Carcinogens, Evaluation, Metalloids, Distribution, Me-
tabolism, Industrial medicine, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Air pollution effects(Animals), 'Air
pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health.
PB-262 168-T PC A02/MF A01
Distribution of Certain Rare-Earth and Nonferrous
Metals In Coal Combustion (Raspredslenle Neko-
torykh Redkykh I Tsvetnykh Metallov prl Szhlganll
Uglei),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. Kh. Volodarskil, I. T. Grekhov, V. I. Panln, E. I.
Shmuk, and M. Ya. Shpirt. Sep 76,8p EPA-TR-76-712'
Trans, of Khimlya Tverdogo Topllva (USSR) n2 p103-
1061968.
This report cites results of an experimental study on
the distribution of rare-earth and nonlerrous metals in
coal combustion in grate-fired (flame grate-fired) fur-
naces. Many rare, scattered and nonterrous metals
(gallium, molybdenum, tungsten, scandium, niobium,
tantalum, lead and others) have been discovered in
solid energy fuel (coals and shales). Currently, hun-
dreds of millions of tons of energy fuel are mined which
could become a serious potential raw material source
of rare-earth and nonferroug metals even if their con-
centration In coal and shale is not high. The bulk of
energy coals and shales are used as fuel for power
plants; moreover, their mineral components are divid-
ed between slag, which is separated out in the furnace
chamber of water heaters, and the so-called ash soot,
which Is carried out of the furnace chamber by gas-
eous combustion products and to a certain degree is
recoverable by the devices of the sanitation purifica-
tion of flue gases. According to theoretical calcula-
tions, the elements listed above are distributed In dif-
ferent ways between the slag and ash soot. As a result
of these reasons, solid combustion products can be
extremely enriched by a certain valuable component to
a percentage where the ash soot can be considered a
raw material for Industrial extraction of this compo-
nent. In particular, It has been established that minute
fractions of ash soot are enriched with elements which
form sublimating compounds.
62 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Ash content, *Rare
earth elements, "Soot, 'Slags, "Nonmetalllferous min-
erals, Utilization, Separation, Industrial wastes, Coal,
Shale, Concentratlon(Composltion), Trace elements,
Furnaces, Translations, USSR, 'Solid wastes.
PB-282 169-T PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Nickel at a Trace Element on the Activi-
ty of Cytochrome Oxidate and Succlnate Dehy-
arogenase In Various Organ* (Vllyanle Nlkelya
kek Mlkroetomenta na Aktlvnoat Taltokhromokal-
daty I Suktslndegldrogenazy v Razllchnykh Or-
Environm
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
L I. Arutyunov. 1968, 10p EPA-TR-75-158
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Ashkha-
bad. Izvestiya. Serlya Biologlcheskikh Nauk, n2 p79-82
1869.
A daily peroral administration to guinea pigs of solu-
tions of nickel chloride over a period of from 5 to 7
days in doses of 0.5 mlcrogram/kg/d increases the ac-
tivity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydro-
genase in the subcortical part of the brain, liver and
cortex of the kidneys and, In a dose of 20 mlcrogram/
kg in the muscles. The use of nickel In doses of 32 mg/
"9 and 1.28 g/kg results in Inhibition of the activity ot
both enzymes in the cortex of the kidneys, and of cy-
tochrome oxidase in the liver and spleen, as wall as to
an increase in the activity of cytochrome oxidase in the
muscles. The effect of nickel on the activity of the en-
zymes In the different organs manifests Itself in differ-
ent ways. The maximum Blotto effect Is observed In the
kidneys and muscles, and the maximum toxic effect In
the kidneys, and in the spleen when large doses are
used. The change In enzyme activity caused by nickel
is better defined in succinate dehydrogenase than In
cytochrome oxidase.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Trace elements, 'Enzymes, *Oxi-
ooreductases, 'Toxicity, Biochemistry, Dosage,
Metals, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Toxicology, Translations, USSR, 'Dehydrogen-
ase/succlnate.
PB-282 170-T PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of the Composition of the Ash of
Hydrocarbon Fuels (Issledovanle Sostava loly
Ugievodorodnykh Topllv),
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Translation Services Section.
G. F. Bolshakov. Sep 76, 10p EPA-TR-76-709
Jrans. of Khimlya i Tekhnologiya Topllv i Masai
(USSR) v9n10p48-52 1964.
The purpose of the present study Is the Investigation of
the composition of the ash of fuels T-2, TS-1, T-1, and
JJA. Hydrocarbon fuels contain compounds with ash
(metals and metalloids) elemenls-organo-metallic
pompounds-ln very small quantities. These elements,
in the form of oxides, are concentrated in the ash after
combustion of the fuels. In spite of the low content of
compounds with ash elements in fuels, their effect on
the operational properties of the fuels Is extraordinarily
great Intensified gas corrosion of Jet engines and gas
turbine units Is observed In the presence of com-
pounds with ash elements. An increase In the content
oiorgano-metallic compounds and other compounds
"tri ash elements in motor-engine fuels entails an In-
crease In the amount of carbon deposits in the com-
bustion chamber of piston engines. In addition, It has
been established that compounds with ash elements
Promote the formation of insoluble sludge and resins
during heating of the fuels.
Keywords: 'Ash content, 'Trace elements, 'Chemical
analysis, *Jet engine fuels. Crude oil,
ContratlontComposilon), Combustion chamber
, Jet engines, Corrosion. Combustion deposits,
containing organic compounds, Translations,
PB-262 171-T PC A03/MF A01
•he Rickets-Producing Effect of Beryllium Car-
onata (L'azlone Rachltogena del Carbonate dl
jjeriiiio),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
p«rk, N.c. Translation Services Section.
Uno Businco. Dec 74, 39p EPA-TR-75-183
Irani. 0( RM8egna d) Medlcina Industrials (Italy) v11
P*17-4421940.
Experiments carried out with young rats have Indicated
that beryllium carbonate can adversely affect the os-
manifestatlons including weight loss, curving of the
spine, hyperplastic alterations of the conjugation carti-
lage, modifications of the underlying trabecular struc-
ture, hypocalclfication, and thickening of the chondrio-
costal joints. This rickets cannot be attributed to a
simple deficiency, since it can be brought about also
through maternal milk, and since It cannot be modified
by cod liver oil or by vitamin-containing preparations; a
broader pathogenic process must oe Involved, In
which toxicity may have the main role.
Keywords: 'Beryllium organic compounds, 'Rickets,
'Musculoskeletal disorders, 'Toxicity, Rats, Experi-
mental data, Laboratory animals, Berylliosls, Occupa-
tional diseases, Toxicology, Pathology, Italy, Transla-
tions.
PB-262 172-T PC A02/MF A01
The Toxicology of Ozone and Sulfurlc Acid Aero-
sol during Their Combined Effect (K Tokslkologlt,
Ozone I Zerozolya Semol Klsloty prl Komblnlro-
vannom Deletvll),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
A. I. Nevskaya, and T. A. Kochetkova. 1961,14p EPA-
TR-76-449
Trans, of Glgiena Truda I Professlonalnye Zabolevan-
iya (USSR) v1p20-28 1961.
During the short-term effect of a mixture of ozone and
sulfunc add aerosol in different combinations, en-
hancement of toxic effects was found In rats In com-
parison with the effect of each of the Individual compo-
nents. Enhancement of the toxic effect was found
during long-term exposure to a mixture of ozone and
Bulfuric add aerosol In concentrations near the thresh-
old concentration. A different species-specific sensitiv-
ity was shewn in mice and rats with respect to the com-
bined effect of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol and to
each component Individually. The above enables one
to recommend lowering the magnitude of maximum
permissible concentrations of ozone and sulfuric acid
aerosol by 2 with their simultaneous presence in the air
of production areas.
Keywords: 'Ozone, * Sulfuric acid, 'Toxicology, 'In-
dustrial medicine, Aerosols, Toxicity, Industrial atmos-
pheres, Chemical industry, Hydrogen peroxide, Manu-
facturing, Toxic tolerances, USSR, Translations, Ex-
perimental data. Laboratory animals, Synergistlc ef-
fects of air pollutants, Maximum permissible exposure
level, Threshold limit value.
PB-262 183/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Assays of Toxic Pollutants by Fish Blood. Final
rept,
Sias Research Labs., Brookline, Mass.
W. A. Curby, R. D. Wlnick, and E. C. Moy. Sep 76,7Sp'
EPA/600/3-76/069
3rant EPA-R-800355
The authors have developed a biological multichannel
analyzer which, using a sensor that operates on the
Coulter Principle, measures and distributes mixed cell
populations by cell size. It provides an analog distribu-
tion and digital printed readout for future analysis. Al-
though primarily a pulse height analyzer, It operates as
a pulse shape analyzer U the Instant at which each
pulse height is read Is varied. This technique, applied
to the peripheral whole blood from freshly sacrificed
Fundulus heteroclitus shows the alterations with time
and the variations caused by trace amounts of cadmi-
um and copper In the aquatic environment. The size
frequency distribution patterns of each trace element
environment differ from each other, and each, marked-
ly from the norm.
Keywords: 'Analyzers, 'Blood cells, 'Pollution, 'Tox-
idly, Assaying, Fishes, Trace elements, Cell morphol-
ogy, Laboratory equipment, Cadmium, Copper, Metals,
Electric equipment, Blolnstrumentatlon, Fundulus he-
terodltys, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB-262 191-T PC A02/MF A01
The InehMlon of Tagged Amlno AcWs Lyalne 14C
and CMydne 14C In Soluble and Insoluble Lung
Protein* during Experimental Beryllloele,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Service* Section.
N. G. Kurysheva. 1969,6p EPA-TR-73-315
Trans, of Giglena Truda I Professionalnye Zabolevan-
lya (USSR) v13 p51 -52 Jul 1969.
Certain aspects of the metabolism of lung proteins
during experimental berylllosis were studied. The In-
crease in the inclusion of tagged amlno acids in the in-
soluble lung proteins of test rats apparently is attributa-
ble to the Increase In the synthesis of these proteins.
The significant increase In the dry weight of the lungs,
coinciding in time with the high inclusion of lysine In the
insoluble proteins, is an Indication that favors this fact.
The conclusion derived from the description of the
pathological picture, In which proliferation of the cellu-
lar elements and the appearance of collagenous fibers
may be noted from the first day of development of ex-
perimental berylllosis, is that the protein development
process In the lungs is an Intensive one. Lysine and
glycine, used in the experiment, along with proline and
oxyprollne, are the basic amlno acids from which colla-
gen forms. Increase In the Inclusion of tagged amino
acids can take place when there Is a change In the
conformation properties of the protein as a result of a
disruption in protein synthesis, or as a result of differ-
ent denaturatlon and prenaturatlon changes In the pro-
teins.
Keywords: 'Berylliosis, 'Lung, 'Protein metabolism,
Collagens, Amino acids, Experimental data, Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Biosynthesis, Occupational diseases,
USSR, Translations.
PB-282 192-T PC A02/MF A01
Integrated Refining of Balkhash Copper Mixtures
by the Cyclone Method (Kompleksnaya Perera-
botka Balkhashsklkh Mednykh Shlkht Tslklonnym
Metodoin)f
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
I. A. Onaev, A. F. Kurochkin, A. V. Tonkonogii, and N.
K.Satomatov. 1964,20pEPA-TR-73-319
Trans, of Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Alma-
Ata. Vestnlk, v20 n2 p42-49 1964.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Copper ores, 'Beneficiatlon, Translations,
USSR.
PB-262 193-T PC A03/MF A01
Principles for Hygiene Atmospheric Pollution
Standard*. Chapter IX. (Qlava IX. Prlntslpy Qlglen-
Icheskogo Normlrovanlya Atmosfemykh Zagryaz-
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Translation Services Section.
V. A. Ryazanov. Nov 74, 27p EPA-TR-75-142
Trans, of Rukovodstvo po Kummanalnoi Gigiene
(USSR) v1p1 94-206 1961.
In order to provide a hygiene evaluation of the degree
of atmospheric pollution, one must have a scale which
will show how much the given concentration exceeds
the permissible limit Such a scale Is the maximum per-
missible concentration of the pollutants in the atmos-
phere. The maximum permissible concentrations
enable the hygiene worker not only to estimate the
degree of air pollution, but also to justify the need for
particular measures - purifying Installations, gap
zones, tall chimneys, etc. Moreover, sanitary norms of
this type enable the hygiene worker to formulate his re-
quirement! In each concrete case quantitatively, Indi-
cating the size of the gap zone, the efficiency of the
purifying Installations in each concrete situation, etc.
The norms also make K possible to find a quantitative
expression for the degree of effectiveness of the envi-
ronmental health measures that were Implemented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Chemical compounds,
Standards, Industries, Sources,
Thre»holds(Perceptton», Public health. Translations,
USSR, 'Environmental health, 'Maximum permissible
exposure level, Occupational safety and hearth, *Alr
pollution •ffects(Humans), Synergistlc effects of air
pollutants.
w-aea w/7 PCAM/MFAOI
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
December 1983 63
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen and Air Acti-
vated Sludge Nitrification System* With and With-
out pH Control. Final rept. Oct 73-Sep 74,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington.
James A. Heldman. Oct 76,67p EPA/600/2-76/180
Contract EPA-68-03-0349
The nitrification capabilities of two oxygen activated
sludge systems receiving District of Columbia second-
ary effluent at a steady state flow of 190 cu m/day
(50,000 gpd) were evaluated. The pH of one system
was controlled to maintain a pH of 7.0 In the last reac-
tor pass of the four-pass system. The pH of the second
system was uncontrolled and reactor pH values of 5.5-
6.0 were common. Also parallel air and oxygen nitrifi-
cation systems both with pH control were evaluated
under similar operating conditions, Parameters used to
compare the systems Included effluent quality, sludge
settling rates, lime dosage, sludge production and nitri-
fication Kinetic rates.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Nitrification, 'Oxygenatlon, Performance
evaluation, Ammonia, pH, Calcium oxides, Settling,
Reaction kinetics, Tables(Data), District of Columbia.
PB-262 198/6 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Studies on the Reclamation of Stone Lake, Michi-
gan. Final rept. Apr 71-May 74,
Notre Dame Univ., Ind. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Thomas L Thels, and Joseph V. DePlnto. Nov 76,96p
EPA/600/3-76/106
Grant EPA-R-801245
This report contains Information relating to two factors:
(1) The effects of domestic pollution abatement on a
eutrophlc lake, and (2) Investigations Into methods of
reclaiming such lakes, especially through the use of
partlculate materials which retard pollutant release
from sediments. The study lake, Stone Lake, has been
monitored for approximately ten years from the time of
pollution abatement. Certain types of fly ash, a panicu-
late waste product of coal combustion, was shown, In
laboratory studies, to possess properties capable of
precipitating orthophosphate from overlying waters
and subsequently sealing' the phosphorus within the
sediments for long periods of time. A lake such as
Stone Lake could thus be made permanently or semi-
permanently, phosphorus limited, thereby altering the
successlonal pattern previously indicated and signifi-
cantly reducing the overall standing algal crop.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Phosphorus,
"Stone Lake, Renovating, Fly ash, Sediments, Algae,
Limnology, Water pollution, Metals,
Preclpita«on(Chemi8try), Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Michigan, 'Eutrophication, Heavy metals.
PB-282 169/3 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Nitrogen Oloxode Trends In Selected Chattanoo-
ga Communities. Rept. for 15 Jun 74-14 Jun 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
C. E. Decker, and T. M. Royal. Oct 76,62p EPA/600/
1-76/034
Contract EPA-68-02-1737
The objectives of this project were to operate air moni-
toring stations and collect air quality data In the Chatta-
nooga, Tennessee area to support epldemlologleal
studies during the period June 15, 1974 to June 14,
1976. This ongoing project was begun In 1969 under
the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and was designed to gather air quality data for
use In studies relating health effects to ambient con-
centrations of oxides of nitrogen. Chemllumlnescent
analyzers and data acquisition systems were Installed
In environmentally-controlled shelters at seven of the
nine monitoring sites.
Keywords: *Alr pollution abatement, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Metropolitan areas, Monitoring, Stations, Data acquisi-
tion, Tennessee, Equipment, Methodology,
•ChattanoogafTennessee), Air pollution sampling.
PB-262 200/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Dlv.
Numerical Optimization Techniques In Air Quality
Modeling. Objective Interpolation Formula* (or
the Spatial Distribution of Pollutant Concentra-
tion. Final rept. Apr 75-Apr 76,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Pa.
S-A Gustafson, K. 0. Kortanek, and J. R. Swelgart.
Dec 76,51 p EPA/600/4-76/058
Grant EPA-R-803632
A technique Is proposed for objective Interpolation of
the air quality distribution over a region In terms of
sparse measurement data. Empirical Information pro-
vided by the latter Is effectively combined with knowl-
edge of atmospheric dispersion functions of the type
commonly used In source-oriented air quality models,
to provide improved estimates of the concentration
distribution over an extended region. However, the
technique Is not primarily source-oriented since, In
contrast to the real source distribution of a source-ori-
ented model, it utilizes fictitious or pseudo-sources
that are estimated In terms of the measured air quality
data. This Involves the use of Interpolation functions
that are computed using numerical optimization tech-
niques based on the method of least squares. Due to
the large number o1 different 'weather' states that
affect the atmospheric dispersion of pollution, consid-
erable computation Is required, although the bulk of
this can be done In advance, so that the final Interpola-
tion from the measured values only requires very
simple calculation. Thus the proposed method has the
potential for application on a real-time basis. In addi-
tion to the mathematical formulation of the problem,
this preliminary study includes some numerical experi-
ments, using a current multiple-source EPA air quality
model, to Illustrate the technique.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric circulation,
•Contaminants, *Conoentratlon(Composltlon), Math-
ematical models, Dispersions, Plumes, Sampling, Sta-
tistical distributions, Least squares method, Interpola-
tion.
PB-262 201/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Dlv.
Sampling Interface for the Quantitative Transport
of Aerosols • Field Prototype. Final rept,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, III.
Madhav B. Ranade. Jun 76,71p EPA/600/2-76/157
Contract EPA-68-02-1295
See also report dated Dec 73, PB-240 434.
A sampling interface for the quantitative transport of
aerosols was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The
Interface may be used for transporting particles (up to
50 micrometer on diameter) from industrial stacks to a
collection device or a monitoring Instrument. The Inter-
face consists of a porous wall probe with clean air tran-
spiring inwards to prevent deposition of particles. Lab-
oratory and field testing of the interface has shown It to
be efficient In transporting particles encountered In In-
dustrial stacks.
Keywords: 'Probes, 'Aerosols, Air pollution, Sampling,
Field tests, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Chimneys, Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sites, Experimental design, "Air pollution
sampling.
PB-262 202/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transformation and
Transport Project: Aerial Measurements of Urban
•nd Power Plant Plumes, Summer 1974. Final rept.
Jul 74-Jun 76,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, Calif.
W. H. White, J. A. Anderson, W. R. Knuth, D. L.
Blumenthal, and R. B. Husar. Nov 76,13Bp EPA/600/
3-76/110
Contract EPA-68-02-1919
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, Mo.
A portion of the research activities of the Midwest In-
terstate Sulfur Transformation and Transport Project
(Project MISTT) during the summer of 1974 is docu-
mented. Using a light plane equipped with instruments
for measuring air pollutants and meteorological param-
eters, investigators mapped the three-dimensional dis-
tribution of aerosols and pollutant gases originating in
the St. Louis area. Each day's flight plan was designed
to characterize a large pollutant plume at discrete dis-
tances downwind from Its source. The plume from the
coal-fired power plant at Labadle, Missouri was fol-
lowed out to 45 km. Secondary aerosol production
within the plume was documented. The estimated
average conversion rate for sulfur dioxide to sulfate
was about three percent/hour at the distances sam-
pled. The overall removal rate of SO2 was too small to
detect, and no net production of ozone was observed.
Large pollutant plumes were also Identified downwind
of central St. Louis and the Wood River refineries.
These urban-Industrial plumes were followed out to
60-70 km, where they were characterized by elevated
concentrations of ozone and light-scattering aerosols.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, 'Plumes, 'At-
mospheric chemistry, Ozone, Aerosols, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Electrical power plants,
Sensors, Sampling, Monitors, Urban area, Chemical
reactions, Oxldants, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Re-
gression analysis, Numerical analysis, Aerial surveys,
Mathematical models, *Alr pollution sampling, Saint
Louls(Mlssourl), Coal-fire power plants, MISTT project.
PB-262 204/1 PC A09/MF A01
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., New York.
Study of the Oxide* of Nitrogen and Carbon For-
mation In Diesel Engine*. Final rept. Jun 73-Jun 76,
Ultrasystems, Inc., Irvine, Calif.
C. J. Kau, T. J. Tyson, and M. P. Heap. Mar 76,197p
CRC-APRAC-CAPE-20-71-2
Contract EPA-68-01-0436
A mathematical model describing heat release and
pollutant formation in direct Injection dlesel engines
has been developed and tested. The model Includes
several empirical constants which can be tuned to fit
the requirements of a particular engine. Sensitivity
studies Indicate that the model Is most responsive to
those constants which control fuel/air mixing. Numeri-
cal experiments strongly suggest that diffusion flames
modelled by spherical droplet flames are unsuitable for
this type of system. The model has been tested
against results obtained with a single cylinder dlesel
engine. Reasonable predictions of the influence of
engine design and operation parameters on NOx emis-
sions were obtained. However, predictions of smoke
emissions were not satisfactory.
Keywords: 'Heat loss, 'Diesel engines, 'Mathematical
models, 'Air pollution, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon, Tests,
Flames, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fuel
sprays, Tables(Data), Reviews, Numerical analysis,
Constants, Ignition, Exhaust emissions, Internal com-
bustion engine, Heat transfer, Soot, Sampling,
ConcentratlonfComposltlon), Experimental design,
Fuel Injection, Parameters, Air fuel ratio.
PB-262 206/6 PC A04/MF A01
Publication* by Personnel of the Municipal Envi-
ronmental R*March Laboratory 1970-1976 (Solid
and Hazardous Wastes Research; Wastewater Re-
search; Water Supply Research). Publications sum-
mary rept,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Robert T. Bridges. Oct 76,51p EPA/600/9-76/025
This summary Is a current listing of publications auth-
ored by personnel of the Municipal Environmental Re-
search Laboratory and Its predecessor organization*
during the period from 1970 thru 1976. The publication
Is arranged In three sections, one for each of the
MERL's divisions. Within each section, publications
are arranged alphabetically by primary author, and al-
phabetically by title wherever the author has more than
one publication.
Keywords: 'Wastes, Bibliographies, Solid waste dis-
posal, Waste water, Hazardous materials, Water qual-
ity management, Potable water, Water pollution abate-
ment, Research, Pathogens.
PB-262 223-SET PC E14
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sep76,1120p-ln4v
Set includes PB-262 224 thru PB-262 227.
No abstract available.
64 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-262 224/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Water Quality Instructional Raaoureas Informa-
tion System, volume I. User* Manual. Final rept.
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Sep 76,99p* EPA/430/1 -76/011
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-262 223-
SET.
This system contains approximately 2,000 references
to materials available for use In education and training
programs related to water quality. Entries are catalo-
gued with all typical library reference information. Spe-
cial classifications have been added to define training
applications. Materials can be selected based on sub-
ject area, educational level, type of training and type of
material (i.e., film, printed, audio tape, slides, etc.)
each entry also contains an abstract, source and cost.
The Users Manual is designed to prepare potential
users to obtain a complete reference for any item in
the system. Instructions to enter references into the
system and to obtain a selective bibliographic search
are included.
Keywords: * Water quality, 'Information systems, Spe-
cialized training, Search strategy, Abstracts, Bibliogra-
phies, Books, Technical reports,
ndexes(Documentation), Data storage, Data retrieval,
Information centers, Information retrieval, Instructional
materials.
PB-262 225/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System. Volume II. IRIS Tables, Thesaurus,
Source Code Table, and Source Name Table. Final
rept
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sep 76,96p* EPA/430/1-76/012
See also Volume 1, PB-262 224.
Also available In'set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-262 223-
Thls system contains approximately 2,000 references
to materials available for use in education and training
Programs related to water quality. The Tables volume
•Mists the user by providing a method to quickly
review materials and to properly interpret the Informa-
tion. Included are (1) thesaurus - enables user to
browse the entire vocabulary structure and select all
terms of Interest (2) source code - provides informa-
tion about the publishing source for various materials,
and (3) source name - an alphabetic listing by source
name.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'information systems, The-
sauri. Subject index terms. Corporate authors,
lndexes(0ocumentatk>n), Information retrieval.
PB-262 226/4 PC A21/MF A01
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System. Volume III. Identification Number
Master Report Final rept.
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OhtoT
Sep 76,494p* EPA/430/1-76/013
See also Volume 2, PB-262 225.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-262 223-
Thia system contains approximately 2,000 references
to materials available for use In education and training
programs related to water quality. A complete descrip-
tion of each training material is contained in the Identi-
fication Number Master Report Included is the follow-
ing Information (1) EPA identification number, (2) copy-
right code, (3i title, (4) publication date, (5) author, (6)
media type, (7) water quality category, (8) educational
level, (9) originating source, (10) cost. 11) purchase/
rent code, (12) thesaurus subjects, (13) special char-
acteristics, (14) abstract
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Information systems, Spe-
cialized training. Instructional materials, Bibliogra-
phies, IndexesiDocumentation), Data storage, Infor-
mation centers.
fB-262 227/2 PC A19/MF A01
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System. Volume IV. Subject Index. Final rept
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sep 76,431p* EPA/430/1-76/014
See also Volume 3, PB-262 226.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E14, PB-262 223-
SET.
This system contains approximately 2,000 references
to materials available for use in education and training
programs related to water quality. The Subject Index
provides controlled subject access to training materi-
als retained in IRIS. Each Item is categorized by up to
16 subjects, all of which are selected from a controlled
thesaurus supporting the system.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Information systems, Sub-
ject index terms, Thesauri, Indexes(Documentation),
Data storage, Data retrieval, Instructional materials.
PB-262 232/2 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Instrumentation and Automation Experiences In
Wastewater-Treatment Facilities. Interim rept.
1973-74,
Raytheon Co., Portsmouth, R.I.
Allen E. Molvar, Joseph F. Roesler, Robert H. Wise,
and Russell H. Babcock. Oct 76,378p* EPA/600/2-
76/1 98
Contract EPA-68-03-0144
Prepared In cooperation with Maguire (Charles A.) and
Associates, Inc., Waltham, Mass.
This report describes the results of a nationwide
survey of instrumentation and automation experiences
in fifty wastewater-treatment plants. The data show
that the average wastewater-treatment plant spent
about 3% of the construction costs for installed instru-
ments. This is about half the Instrument utilization
rates of water supply and chemical process plants.
Sensors measuring mechanical or physical properties
showed satisfactory performance records and were
very popular. Sensors measuring chemical parameters
tended to be unreliable and were subject to continued
fouling from solids deposition, slime buildup and pre-
cipitation. Automatic process control is only occasion-
ally utilized in wastewater treatment, but It performs
well with sensors that have good performance
records. Approximately 20% of the visited facilities
were used for data-logging computers, and 90% of
these facilities were satisfied with their systems. Proc-
ess and supervisory control computers are not well es-
tablished in dry weather treatment plants, but comput-
ers are being effectively utilized in stormwater control
centers.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Surveys, 'Process
control, Measuring instruments, Physical properties,
Process charting, Performance evaluation, Design cri-
teria, Automation, Waste water, Detectors, Mechanical
properties, Monitoring, Transducers, Tables(Data),
Questionnaires, 'Water analysis.
PB-262 233/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athena, Qa.
Biological Electrodes Specific tor Phosphate and
Nitrite Ions. Final rept,
New Orleans Univ., La.
George Q. Guilbault. Oct 76,14p EPA/600/4-76/034
Grant EPA-R-8003S9
Biological electrodes have been developed for the se-
lective analysis of phosphate and nitrate Ions at micro-
levels. A phosphate electrode was constructed by
using two enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and glucose
oxidase which were immobilized and mounted on the
surface of the Platinum electrode. The competitive In-
hibition of phosphate ton on alkaline phosphatase
slows down the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to
glucose which Is subsequently used by glucose oxi-
dase as a substrate in the presence of molecular
oxygen. The phosphate Ion concentration In the reac-
tion mixture was found to be proportional to the
oxygen consumption. The assay of nitrite was accom-
plished with the use of nitrite reductase which cata-
lyzes the reduction of nitrite into ammonia. Nitrite in the
range of .0001 M-.01 M could be accurately deter-
mined with either soluble or Immobilized enzyme using
an air-gap electrode as sensor. Preparations of benzl-
dine phosphate and hexammlno cobalt nitrate In sill-
cone rubber for liquid Ion exchange and trlphenyltin
electrode have been attempted and results obtained
were unsatisfactory due to their poor selectivity. This
report was submitted In fulfillment of R 800369-02 by
University of New Orleans under the sponsorship of
the Environmental Protection Agency. Work was com-
pleted as date of 12-31-75.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Nitrites, 'Inorganic phos-
phates, Water pollution, Electrochemistry, Chemical
analysis, Enzymes, Ions, Electrodes,
Concentration(Composition), Ion exchanging, Biologi-
cal detection, Selectivity, Monitoring, Alkaline phos-
phatases, 'Selective ion electrodes, 'Water pollution
detection, Immobilized enzymes, Oxidases/glucose.
PB-262 234/8 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Prototype Instrument for Deter-
mining Phosphorus In Water. Final rept, •
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Thomas B. Hoover, and J. MacArthur Long. Oct 76,
25p EPA/600/4-76/033
A second-generation flame spectrometer for the direct
determination of phosphorus in water was evaluated.
Response to phosphorus in the form of phosphoric
acid was linear from 0.5 to 16 ppm phosphorus. The
relative standard deviation was approximately con-
stant at 20 percent over the range. River water and
municipal sewage effluent were analyzed after the ad-
dition of phosphoric acid (1.8 ppm P) and filtration
through a series of mlcroporous membranes. Recov-
ery of the added phosphorus averaged 70 percent for
the river water and 95 percent for the sewage effluent
after treatment with cation exchange resin. There was
no clear relation to filter pore size in the range 5 to 0.2
micrometers. Analyses of the higher range EPA Nutri-
ent Reference Samples (approximately 0.5 ppm P)
agreed within one standard deviation with the refer-
ence values, both for inorganic and total phosphorus.
The lower concentration range samples (approximate
0.1 ppm P) gave barely detectable signals.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water analysis, 'Flame
photometry, Surface waters, Sewage, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance evaluation. Nutrients, Calibrating,
Design criteria, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-262 241/3 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Feasibility of Applying Field lonlzatlon Mace Spec-
trometry to Pesticide Research. Annual rept. no. 1,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
R. L. Dyer, H. d'A. Heck, A. C. Scott, and M. Anbar.
Nov 76,89p EPA/600/1-76/037
Contract EPA-68-02-1799
An isotope dilution methodology was developed for
analysis of an insecticide, parathion, and a herbicide,
trifluralln, isolated from rat tissues and excreta.
Sample cleanup was facilitated by use of high-pres-
sure gel permeation chromatography in conjunction
with thin layer chromatography and reveraed-phase
high pressure liquid chromatography. Isotope ratio
measurements were performed using multilabeled
stable ieotopic carriers and nonfragmentlng field lon-
lzatlon mass spectrometry. Parathion and trifluralln
were administered intraperitoneally and/or orally at
the sub-mg/kg level, ana the unchanged materials as-
sayed in tissues and excreta at the ppb level. The tech-
nique was also applied to the determination of parath-
ion and methyl parathion concentrations in aerosols.
The biological Implications of the results of the animal
experiments are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Mass
spectroscopy, Toluidlnes, Nitro compounds,
Synthesis(Chemistry), TIssuesCBIology), Isotoplc label-
Ing. Insecticides, Herbicides,
Concsntratlon(Composltion), Gas chromatography,
Error analysis, Toxicology, Bioassay, Thin layer chro-
matography, Feasibility, Extraction, Biological extracts,
Rats, 'Parathion, 'Trifluralln, 'Methyl parathion, 'Field
ionizatlon mass spectroscopy, Toluidine/dinitro-N-N-
dipropyl-triflucro, Pesticide residues.
PB-262 248/4 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Disinfection Efficiency and Residual Toxlclty of
Several Wastewater Dlelnfectants. Volume I.
Qrandvllle, Michigan. Final rept Jan-Nov 74,
Wyoming. Mich.
Ronald W. Ward, Randall D. Giffln, G. Michael
DeGraeve, and Richard A. Stone. Oct 76,148p EPA/
600/2-78/166
Grant EPA-S-802292
Prepared In cooperation with Grand Valley State Coll.,
Allendale, Mich. Dept. of Biology.
December 1983 65
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This study was conducted to determine the compara-
tive effectiveness of chlorine, bromine chloride, and
ozone as wastewater disinfectants, and to determine
any residual toxicity associated with wastewater disin-
fection with these agents or with chlorinated
wastewater which had been dechlorinated with sulfur
dioxide. Streams of nondlsinfected and chlorinated
wastewater were pumped from the Qrandville, Michi-
gan, Wastewater Treatment Plant to the project labo-
ratory. Part of the chlorinated wastewater stream was
delivered directly to the toxicity laboratory for bioassay
studies while the remainder of the chlorinated stream
was dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide prior to its use in
bioassay tests. Total and fecal conform densities, sus-
pended solids, volatile solids, COD, ammonia nitrogen,
phosphate, turbidity, color, and pH were measured in'
the wastewater streams. Each of the five wastewater
streams was used in acute toxicity tests with several
species of fishes and the freshwater macroinverte-
brate Daphnia magna, and in a life cycle toxicity study
with the fathead minnow, Plmephales promelas, as the
test subject.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Sewage treatment,
•Disinfection, 'Toxicity, Chlorine, Bromine, Chlorides,
Ozone, Bioassay, Sulfur dioxide, Toxic tolerances, Ef-
fectiveness, Dechlorination, Conform bacteria, Inverte-
brates, Fishes, Life cycles, Michigan, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Daphnia magna, Pimephales prome-
PB-262 250/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Quality Assurance Branch.
Development of Suspended Solids Quality Con-
trol and Performance Evaluation Samples. Final
rapt 30 Jun 75-20 May 76,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, Pa.
Enos L Stover, and Peter J. Marks. Oct 76,52p EPA/
600/4-76/052
Contract EPA-68-03-2333
A two phase study was conducted to develop a syn-
thetic suspended solids sample for use as quality con-
trol check and performance evaluation within environ-
mental monitoring laboratories. The first phase con-
sisted of a feasibility study to determine compounds
that exhibited the optimum physical and chemical
properties for synthetic suspended solids samples,
and the second phase involved production of sus-
pended solids samples in individual containers. Com-
pounds investigated that met all the design criteria in-
cluded rayon fibers and Fuller's earth. A total of 10,000
quality control samples consisting of rayon fibers,
Fuller s earth and anthracite coal were packaged for
completion of the project. Anthracite coal was pack-
aged to demonstrate the variability in the subsampling
step of the suspended solids test method with certain
types of solids. This report was submitted in fulfillment
of Contract Number 68-03-2333 by Roy f. Weston,
Inc. under the sponsorship of the Office of Research
and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Work was completed in April 1976.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, Statistical analysis,
Samples, Biodetenoration, Dispersions, Water pollu-
tion, Quality control, Industrial waters, Sewage dispos-
al, Physical properties. Chemical properties, Solids,
Performance evaluation, Monitoring, Water quality
management, Effluents, Fullers earth, Particle sizes,
Rayon, Anthracite, Coals,
Concentration(Compositlon), Sediments, Chemical
analysis, Stability, Surface water runoff, Radioactive
contaminants, Bacteria, Microbiology, Viruses, Floccu-
lation, Solubility, Tests, Tables(Data), 'Water pollution
sampling, 'Solid wastes.
PB-262 284/3 PC A03/MF A01
Nuclear Cement Content Qage - Instruction
Manual. Interim rapt.,
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
Materials Div.
Terry M. Mitchell. May 75,47p FHWA/RD-75-83
Detailed instructions are presented for the operation
and maintenance of a nuclear (gamma ray backscatter
and absorption) gage for measuring the cement con-
tent of plastic (fresh) Portland cement concrete. The
gage is a prototype based on research results reported
in Federal Highway Administration Report, 'A Radioi-
sotope Backscatter Gauge for Measuring the Cement
Content of Plastic Concrete.' The manual includes:
procedures for establishing calibration curves, for de-
termining cement content, and for performing basic
maintenance and troubleshooting; a radiation safety
discussion; and specifications, a synopsis of the princi-
ples of operation, and a detailed description of the
components.
Keywords: 'Cements, 'Polymers, 'Concretes,
'Chemical analysis, Gamma ray spectrometers, Ra-
dioactive isotopes, Calibrating, Standards, Quantita-
tive analysis, Instrumentation, Radiation protection,
Concrete polymer composites, Nuclear instrumenta-
tion. Nondestructive testing.
PB-262 340/3 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Physical and Economic Damage Functions for Air
Pollutants by Receptor. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Ben-chieh Liu, and Eden Siu-hung Yu. Sep 76,172p*
EPA/600/5-76/011
Contract EPA-68-01 -2968
This study is primarily concerned with evaluating re-
gional economic damages to human health, material,
and vegetation and of property soiling resulting from
air pollution. This study represents a step forward in
methodological development of air pollution damage
estimation. It attempts to construct essential frame-
works of the physical and economic damage functions
which can be used for calculating comparable regional
damage estimates for the several important recep-
tors-human health, material, and household soiling-
however, tentative the damage estimates may appear
to be. More importantly, aggregate economic damage
functions instrumental for transforming the multifarious
aspects of the pollution problem into a single, homoge-
neous monetary unit are tentatively derived and illus-
trated. These results should be of use to policymakers
as they make decisions on programs to achieve opti-
mal pollution levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Air pollution effects(Materials), 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Physiological effects, Public
health, Economic impact, Damage, Information retriev-
al, Data acquisition, Materials, Households, Vegeta-
tion, Metropolitan areas, Air pollution abatement,
Project planning, Reviews, Soiling index, Clean Air Act.
PB-262 341/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Computer Interpretation of Pollutant Mass Spec-
tra. Final rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 75,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Chemistry.
Fred W. McLafferty. Oct 76, 70p« EPA/600/4-76/046
Grant EPA-R-801106
The objective of this research was to improve systems
for computer examination of the mass spectra of un-
known pollutants. For this we have developed a new
probability based matching (PBM) system for the re-
trieval of mass spectra from a large data base, and
have substantially improved the Interpretation of un-
known mass spectra using the self-training interpretive
and retrieval system (STIRS). PBM was designed as a
prefilter to STIRS; If an unknown mass spectrum can
be identified with a sufficiently high confidence by
PBM, interpretation of the spectrum using STIRS is not
necessary. The PBM system provides more efficient
retrieval than presently accepted systems; It Incorpo-
rates a 'reverse search' algorithm, and through the use
of weighted mass and abundance data provides a sta-
tistically valid prediction of the confidence of the
matches found. STIRS has been improved to give a
confidence-level prediction of the presence of approxi-
mately equal to 200 particular substructural features in
the unknown molecule. Extensive studies have been
made to improve the data selection for most data
classes used by STIRS, resulting in a much higher
level of overall system performance. Operation effi-
ciencies of both PBM and STIRS have been improved
dramatically so that both require less than 1 minute on
a laboratory PDP-11/45 computer. STIRS has been
made available for outside use by long-distance phone
connections to this PDP-11/45, and recently both
PBM and STIRS have been made operational on the
Cornell IBM-370/168 so that these are available inter-
nationally over the TYMNET computer network
system.
Keywords: 'Mass spectra, 'Water pollution, 'Water
analysis, 'Soil analysis, 'Data retrieval, Chemical anal-
ysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometers, Infor-
mation retrieval, Systems analysis, Algorithms,
'STIRSfSelf-training interpretive and retrieval system),
SdfF training interpretive and retrieval system.
PB-262 343/7 PC A03/MF A01
AEROS Manual, Volume V. Update Number 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Nov 76,32p EPA/450/2-76/005-1, OAQPS-1.2-042-1
See also PB-262 342.
Update No. 1 to AEROS Manual of Codes, Volume 5,
contains a revised Table of Contents along with Sec-
tions on Volume 5 Updates, General Geographical
Codes, NEDS Specific Codes and SAROAD Specific
Codes. The five volumes in the AEROS Manual Series
are: AEROS Overview, Volume 1, AEROS User's
Manual, Volume 2, AEROS Summary and Retrieval
Manual, Volume 3, NADB Internal Users Manual,
Volume 4, AEROS Manual of Codes, Volume 5.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data storage, 'Coding,
'Manuals, 'Aerometric and emissions reporting
system.
PB-262 358/5 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Review of Air Data Systems.
Index Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,308p
Contract EPA-68-01-3308
During the period from Jan 19, 1976 thru Juf 30,1976,
Index Systems conducted a review of the major auto-
mated data processing requirements and systems op-
erated on behalf of the air pollution control programs
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This
report presents the study team's findings and conclu-
sions regarding air program information needs, the effi-
ciency and adequacy of current ADP usage to support
these needs, and recommended long-term policies
and short-term action steps to reduce ADP costs and
improve the quality of ADP services in support of air
program data requirements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Information sys-
tems, 'Data processing, Projects, Surveys, Policies,
Organizations, Cost engineering, Services, Quality
control, Systems engineering, Recommendations, Re-
quirements, Sources, Monitoring, Data sources, Air
quality maintenance, Aerometric and emissions report-
ing system, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data.
National emissions data system, Compliance data
system, Comprehensive data handling system, Alter-
natives.
PB-262 378/3
Lung Function In
Chattanooga Study,
PC A03/MF A01
School Children: 1971-1972
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Statistics and Data Management Office.
Victor Hasselblad. Jan 77,38p EPA/600/1-77/002
Previous studies of lung function in children have indi-
cated that decreases in lung function are associated
with higher air pollution exposures. For this reason,
three quarter second timed forced expiratory volume
was chosen as one of the health indicators In the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Community Health En-
vironmental Surveillance System (CHESS). The city of
Chattanooga, Tennessee was chosen because of its
ide. The present study, conducted in 1971 -1972, was a
follow-up to an earlier study performed by Shy, et al. in
1968-1969. The present study did not confirm the
slight differences found in the earlier study. This might
be explained by the reduction in NO2 levels since the
1968-1969 study.
Keywords: 'Respiratory system, 'Nitrogen dioxide.
Children, Epidemiology, Lung, Physiology, Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, Tables(Data), Public health, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), 'Lung function tests,
*Chattanooga(Tennessee), 'Environmental health.
PB-262 386/6
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, Md.
PC A19/MF A01
86 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Sludge
Disposal and Land Reclamation In Fulton County,
IHInola. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Jun76,434p
Prepared in cooperation with Enviro Control, Inc.,
Rockville, Md.
This draft environmental impact statement deals with
the land application of sludge by the Metropolitan
Sanitary District of Greater Chicago In Fulton County,
Illinois. The project, known as the Prairie Plan, began
in 1971 with local funding. The statement outlines
socio-economic considerations, land use, agricultural
benefits, and transportation costs. The primary and
secondary impacts of reclamation of stripmined land
through application of nutrients and organic matter
produced through wastewater reclamation are ad-
dressed. A description of the monitoring system, load-
ing rates, and land application methodologies are in-
cluded. Direct and indirect health effects of the project
are also presented.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Sludge disposal, 'Land reclamation, 'Strip mines, Illi-
nois, Counties, Metropolitan areas, Strip mining,
Waste water, 'Fulton County(lllinois),
'Chicago(lllinois).
PB-262 392/4 PC A02/MF A01
Intel-laboratory Intercomparlson of Polonium-210
Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div.
L H. Ziegler. Oct 76,1Sp EPA/600/4-76/054
In 1975 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency dis-
tributed calibrated solutions of polonium-210 to labora-
tories interested in participating In an intercomparison
study of polonium-210 analysis. Participants were
asked to perform a quantitative radioactivity analysis of
the solution. The results reported by all the participat-
ing laboratories are given here. Fifty-four percent of
the reported activity values were within + or -10 per-
cent of the activity value certified by the National
Bureau of Standards.
Keywords: 'Polonium 210, 'Radloactlvatlon analysis,
Quality assurance. Radioactive contaminants. Purity.
Standards, Calibrating, Chemical analysis, 'Standard
reference materials.
PB-262 393/2 PC A06/MF A01
Urban Air Pollution Modeling without Computer*.
Environmental monitoring series,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Michael M. Benarie. Nov 76,82p EPA/600/4-76/055
This report was the basis for a series of three lectures
by the author on urban air pollution modeling, and rep-
resents a condensed version of selected topics from a
recent monograph by him. The emphasis is on simple
but efficient models that often can be used without re-
sorting to high-speed computers. It is indicated that
there will be many circumstances under which such
simple models will be preferable to more complex
ones. Some specific topics included in the discussion
are the limits set by atmospheric predictability, fore-
casting pollution concentrations In real time as for pol-
lution episodes, the simple box model for pollution
concentrations, the frequency distribution of concen-
tration values including the log-normal distribution and
averaging-time analysis, the relationships between
wind speed and concentration, and lastly the critical
question of model validation and the need to consider
several indices of goodness-of-fft If pitfalls are to be
avoided.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meteorological data,
•Urban areas, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Mathematical
models, Forecasting, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Carbon monoxide, Wind velocity, Sulfur dtoxlde, Wind
direction, Frequency distribution, Correlation tech-
niques, Numerical analysis, Accuracy.
PB-262 387/3 PC A05/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Nonmetalllc Inorganic lona
1971 Through 1974 From the National Air Surveil-
lance Networks. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Statistical and Technical Analysis
Branch.
Gerald G. Akland. Jan 77,83p EPA/600/4-77-003
See also PB-223 630.
This report lists the urban and nonurban concentra-
tions of 3 nonmetal inorganic constituents of suspend-
ed participate matter from samples gathered during
calendar years 1971 through 1974 by the cooperating
stations of the National Air Surveillance Network
(NASN). The individual 24-hour data are summarized
as cumulative frequency distributions for each site.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Inorganic compounds,
'Nonmetallic compounds, Tables(Data), Particles,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality data.
PB-262 401/3 PC A13/MF A01
Noise Standards lor Aircraft Type Certification
(Modifications to Far Part 36). Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
William C. Sparry, and Damon C. Gray. Aug 76,293p
EPA/550/9-76/013
This document presents and discusses the back-
ground data used by the Agency in the development of
the FAA in conformance with the Noise Control Act of
1972. The proposed regulations pertain to control of
airplane noise at the source and would amend the ex-
isting Federal Aviation Regulations PART 36 (FAR 36).
FAR 36 was the first type certification regulation for air-
craft noise prescribed by any nation. It is a comprehen-
sive rule containing highly technical appendices whose
purposes are to require the maximum feasible use of
noise control technology, to set standards for the ac-
quisition of noise levels, and to obtain data useful for
predicting the noise Impact in airport neighborhood
communities.
Keywords: 'Aircraft noise, 'Noise reduction, 'Regula-
tions, Noise pollution, Community relations, Standards,
Legislation, Revisions, Noise Control Act of 1972, Pro-
posals, Modifications, Certification.
PB-262 425/2 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
National' Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Jan 77,194p« EPA/600/1-77/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
The report is a review of current knowledge of the dis-
tribution of copper in the environment ana living things.
Metabolism and the effects of copper in the biosphere
are also considered. Copper compounds are common
and widely distributed in nature. They are also exten-
sively mined, processed and redistributed by man.
Copper is an essential element in plant and animal nu-
trition. It Is closely related to Iron, sulfur and molybde-
num in animal metabolism. Requirements differ in rela-
tion to the nutritional state of these other elements. In
plants copper toxicity is infrequent and usually results
from soil contamination due to human activities. Defi-
ciency In plants is fairly common, and may require sup-
plementation for crops. In animals both deficiency and
toxicity are infrequent except in ruminants. Human
copper poisoning occurs rarely in industry, as a cause
of food poisoning, resulting from some medical treat-
ments, and from genetic defects in metabolism.
Copper levels found In food, water and air have not
been found to be injurious.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Ecology, Dlstrlbutlon(Property),
Environments, Plants(Botany), Animals, Humans, Me-
tabolism, industrial medicine, Hazards, Ecosystems.
PB-262 432/8 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry
Branch.
Atmospheric Freons and Halogenated Com-
pounds. Final rept.,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Dept.
of Environmental Science.
Alan Appleby. Nov 76,357p EPA/600/3-76/108
Grant EPA-R-800833
Ambient levels of atmospheric Freons, halogenated
hydrocarbons, and SF6 were measured at various lo-
cations in the U.S.A. Compounds such as CCI3F,
CCI2F2, CH3-CCI3, and CCI4 were ubiquitious and
generally measured at sub ppb levels. Tropospherical-
ly reactive compounds such as C2CI4 and CHCICCI2
were frequently measured; other compounds were
measured where a reasonable source was known. A
novel pulsed flow coulometry gas chromatographic
analysis along with other requisite analytical and cali-
bration procedures were developed and used. Labora-
tory irradiation simulations established the tropospher-
ic stability of CCI3F, CCI2F2, CH3CCI3, CCI4,
CCI2FCCIF2, the reactivity of the chlorinated ethy-
lenes, and the stratospheric reactivity of CCI3F, CCI4,
and CCI2F2. Adventitious labelling of air masses with
halogenated compounds was used to demonstrate
urban ozone transport to rural areas.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Fluorohydrocarbons,
'Halogen organic compounds, 'Sulfur hexafluorlde,
Chlorine aromatic compounds, Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric composition, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Colorlmetric analysis, Calibrating, Graphic
methods, Chlorine organic compounds, Aerosols,
Field tests, Experimental design, Trace elements,
Ozone, Rural areas, Stratosphere, Troposphere,
Lower atmosphere, Photochemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Sources,
Toxicity, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Utilization, Carbon
tetrachloride, Vinyl chloride, Tables(Data), Iodine or-
ganic compounds, Industrial wastes, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, 'Air pollution detection, Ethylene/chloro,
Procedures, "Freons, Methane/iodo, Efhylene/trich-
loro, Ethyiene/dichloro, Methane/dichloro, Biphenyl/
chloro, Methane/chloro-trifluoro, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyl.
PB-262 456/7 PC AOS/MF A01
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography,
Gaithersburg, Md.
A Special Symposium on the Middle Atlantic Con-
tinental Shelf and New York Bight Held at me
American Museum of Natural History In New York
City on 3-4-5 November 1975. Abstracts,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. Chesapeake Bay
Inst.
M. Grant Gross. Nov75,81pNOAA-76112414
Sponsored in part by American Society of Limnology
and Oceanography, Gaithersburg, Md., New York Sea
Grant Inst., Albany, and National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Boulder, Colo. Marine Ecosys-
tems Analysis Program.
This report is a collection of abstracts of 42 papers
presented at a special symposium on the Middle Atlan-
tic Continental Shelf and New York Bight. The subjects
encompass all aspects of the marine sciences and
fisheries, contamination or pollution and its effects on
the environment and aquatic communities. Interac-
tions between the ocean and atmosphere are dealt
with along with various pertinent aspects of marine
meteorology.
Keywords: 'Oceanographlc data, 'Marine biology,
'Ecology, 'Fisheries, 'Marine geology, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'New York Bight, 'North Atlantic Ocean, •Meet-
ings, Ocean currents, Air water Interactions, Marine
meteorology, Waste disposal, Coasts, Abstracts,
Outer Continental Shelf, Sea Grant program.
PB-262 622/6 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div,
Conventional Tertiary Treatment. Final rept,
District of Columbia Dept of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant
Thomas P. O'Farrell, and Dolloff F. Bishop. Nov 76,
43p EPA/600/2-76/251
Contract DI-14-12-818
Tertiary treatment on effluent from the EPA-DC Pilot
Plant's step aeration activated sludge system included
two-stage or single-stage lime clarification, air stripping
of ammonia, dual-media filtration, neutralization, and
activated carbon adsorption. With a good secondary
December 1983 67
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effluent to the lime clarification units and the dual-
media filtration system, the two-stage process pro-
duced residual BOD and phosphorus (as P) concentra-
tions of 1.4 mg/l and 0.09 mg/l, respectively. With
fresh carbon, the TOC was less than 3 mg/l after treat-
ment by carbon adsorption. Single-stage operation
with sodium carbonate addition and with a good quality
secondary effluent as feed produced an average phos-
phorus residual of 0.53 mg/l as P after clarification.
Following dual-media filtration, the phosphorus residu-
al as P was reduced to 0.10 mg/l. with a poor quality
secondary effluent (filamentous growth), the slurry
pool in the first-stage solid contactor unit was unstable
and produced lower qualityeffluems. At warm air tem-
peratures (greater than 75F), 80 percent of the ammo-
nia was air stripped from the effluent of the two-stage
lime system. Recalcined lime was recycled to the clari-
fication system without a reduction in the efficiency of
the tertiary system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated carbon
treatment, Sewage filtration, Clarification, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Phosphorus, Calcium oxides, Sodium
carbonates, Efficiency, Adsorption, Ammonia,
Strlpplng(Distillation), Residues, 'Tertiary treatment.
PB-262 S29/1 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economic* In Environ-
mental Perspectives. Task III. Chlorofluorocarbon
Emission Control In Selected End-Use Applica-
tion*. Final rept. Apr-Aug 76,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Thomas W. Lapp, Ralph R. Wilkinson, Howard
Gadberry, and Thomas Weast. Nov 76,188p EPA-
560/1-76/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -3201
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-254 919.
The purpose of this study was to identify the potential
sources of emission for three of the major end-use ap-
plications of F-11, -12, -13, -113, and -114 and to iden-
tify current and potential methods for controlling emis-
sions from these sources. For identified methods of
control, the efficiency of the method and the econom-
ics of its application were determined. In applicable
areas, the feasibility, cost, and effectiveness or new or
modified operating and/or maintenance procedures
were studied as a means of reducing emissions. The
areas of study were refrigeration ana air conditioning,
plastic foam blowing agents, and cleaning and drying
applications. This study did not include an assessment
of the risks associated with the environmental dis-
charge of these chemicals. Actual and potential
sources of Chlorofluorocarbon emission were identi-
fied in each of the three areas. Known methods of
emission reduction, efficiencies, and economics are
discussed for the fields of refrigeration and air condi-
" ' 9 and for solvent and drying applications. Pro-
I methods were delineated for the plastic foam
] agent field.
Keywords: 'Fluorohydrocarbons, 'Air pollution con-
trol. Sources, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Efficiency, Cost analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Fluorine organic compounds, Refrigerants, Air
conditioning, Feasibility, Maintenance, Solvents, Re-
frigerating, Cellular plastics, Blowing agents, Deaic-
cants, Cost estimates, Cleaning agents, Ozone,
Human health, Toxicity, Atmospheric chemistry, Dich-
lorodifluoromethane, 'Freons, 'Air pollution detection,
Frson 12, Freon 11, Freon 13, Freon 114, Environ-
mental chemical substitutes, Methane/chloro-trifluoro,
Methane/bromo-difluoro, Ethane/trichloro-trifluoro,
Ethane/dibromo-tetrafluoro.
PB-262 540/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Dtv.
A Numerical and Experimental Study of Stably
Stratified now Around Complex Terrain. Final rept.
May 74-Mar 75,
Flow Research, Inc., Kent, Wash.
J. J. Riley, H. T. Liu, and E. W. Geller. May 76,43p
Flow-Res-68, EPA/600/4-76/021
Contract EP A-68-02-1293
See also PB-262 541.
Assessment of the environmental impact of the re-
lease of pollutants Into the atmosphere involves the
estimation of diffusion patterns under atmospheric
conditions ranging from average to extreme. A detailed
knowledge of Fhe wind field is important in the estima-
tion of diffusion patterns, especially if the region of re-
lease is characterized by complex terrain. Thus, in the
assessment of pollution effects, the understanding
and prediction of local wind fields is often very impor-
tant. One approach to understnading and predicting
local wind fields is numerical simulation. A computer
program was developed to compute three-dimensional
stratified flow around complex terrain for the case of
very strong stratification (small internal Froude
number). Laboratory experiments were performed for
strongly stratified flow past three different terrain
models for comparison, the computed results are in
fair agreement with the experiments for the cases of
two simpler terrain models. The discrepancies are
probably attributable to the separated wake in the lee
of the models. The agreement was not as good for the
case of the more complex terrain. Possible sources of
error are discussed in some detail.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric circulation,
Mathematical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Partial
differential equations, Terrain models, Fluid flow, Nu-
merical analysis, Stratification.
PB-262 541/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Plume Dispersion In Stably Stratified Flows Over
Complex Terrain, Phase 2. Final rept. May 74-
Mar75,
Flow Research, Inc., Kent, Wash.
H. T. LJu, and J. T. Lin. May 76,68p Flow-Res-57,
EPA/600/4-76/022
Contract EPA-68-02-1293
See also PB-262 540.
Laboratory experiments were conducted in a stratified
towing tank to Investigate plume dispersion in stably
stratified flows. First, plume dispersion over an ideal-
ized terrain model with a simulated elevated inversion
in the atmosphere was investigated. These results
were compared with those of experiments previously
conducted under simulated ground inversions.
Second, plume dispersion in 1-layer stably stratified
flows over a realistic terrain was also modeled. The
plume dispersion patterns showed a strong interaction
between the stratified flow and the rugged terrain fea-
tures. Third, plume dispersion during inversion breakup
was simulated. Results indicated that as soon as the
corrective layer built to reach the plume, pollutants
were stirred and carried to the ground.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Atmospheric circulation, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Dispersions, Contaminants, Terrain
models, Fluid flow, Stratification.
PB-262 602/6 PC A07/MF A01
Effect of a Flyash Conditioning Agent on Power
Plant Emissions. Final rept. Dec 75-Jun 76,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Paniculate Technology Branch.
L. I. Sparks. Oct 76,136p EPA/600/7-76/027
The report gives results of a study undertaken as a
preliminary program to provide data on the environ-
mental effects of a chemical flyash conditioning agent
(Apollo Chemicals conditioner LPA 402A). Both the
emissions due to the chemical and its effect on elec-
trostatic precipitator (ESP) performance were investi-
gated. The tests were conducted over a 10-day period
at Pennsylvania Power and Light Co.'s Montour Plant
with the plant operating on high sulfur coal (without
conditioner) and on low sulfur coal (with and without
conditioner). Sulfur oxides (SOx), ammonia, organics,
partteulates, flyash resistivity, and ESP power supply
values were measured during each test period. During
conditioner Injection, the low sulfur coal flyash resistiv-
ity was reduced about 60%, although the ESPs re-
sponded slowly to this change and its effect was not
clearly evident during the test period. The results of the
SOx, ammonia, and particulate measurements were
Inconclusive due both to insufficient precision for the
number of field tests and to the effect of boiler tran-
sients. It is unlikely that the ESP will meet particulate
standards when low sulfur coal is burned even If the
conditioner is used under test conditions. The test pro-
vided useful background information for planning.
More thorough testing at Montour seems warranted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Flue gases, 'Elec-
trostatic precipitation, 'Particles, 'Fly ash, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Electric power plants,
Coal, Sulfur oxides, Ammonia, Field tests, Dust, Boil-
ers, Performance evaluation, Injections, Treatment,
Low sulfur coal, High sulfur coal, Conditioning agents.
PB-262 626/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Source Test Evaluation for Feed and Grain Indus-
try. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
M. P. Schrag, P. G. Gorman, and W. H. Maxwell. 28
Dec 76,38p EPA/450/3-76/043
Contract EPA-68-02-1403
See also report dated Oct 74, PB-242 282.
This report is a revised version of aprevious document
prepared by MRI for EPA entitled 'Emission Factor De-
velopment for the Feed and Grain Industry' (PB-242
282) dated October 1974. The subject of this report Is
emission factors for grain elevators and other feed and
grain operations (excluding alfalfa dehydration). The
primary difference in this report Is the revision of some
data for country elevators based on recent EPA tests
conducted at two elevators in Kansas, and other re-
ports made available through the North Dakota State
Department of Health.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Grain elevators, 'Flour
mills, Feeding stuffs, Particles, Dehydrators, Crop
driers, Drying apparatus, Industries, Tables(Data),
•Emission factors, Feed and grain industry.
PB-262 645/5 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Nutrient Diversion: Resulting Lake Trophic Stats
and Phosphorus Dynamics. Final rept. Apr 72-Dec
75,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
Eugene B. Welch. Jan 77,104p EPA/600/3-77/003
GrantEPA-R-800512
Lake Sammamish, Washington, was studied during
1970-75 to determine its response to wastewater di-
version in 1968. The results were compared with a pro-
diversion study in 1964-65. Diversion reduced the
phosphorus loading by about one-third (from 1.02 to
0.67 g P/sq m. yr and about 119 to 68 micro g/l In the
inflow). Winter total phosphorus remained constant
and no trend was shown in chlorophyll a in spring-
summer. Water transparency remained the same. Pa-
leolimnological evidence suggests that the lake has
been near its present mesotrophic state for about 100
years. This stability is thought to be due to the con-
stancy of the water phosphorus concentration which is
in turn controlled by the anaerobic-aerobic release and
sedimentation of iron and its complexes.
Keywords: 'Lake Sammamish, 'Limnology, 'Phos-
phorus, 'Water pollution, Algae, Chlorophylls, Nutri-
ents, Sediments, Ions, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Primary biological productivity,
Graph8(Charts), Washington(State), 'Eutrophication,
Trophic level, Organic loading.
PB-262 669/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Study of Horizontal-Spray Flux Fores/Condensa-
tion Scrubber. Final rept. Feb-Dec 75,
A.P.T.. Inc., San Dlsgo, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, and Shui-Chow Yung. Jul 76,115p
EPA/600/2-76/200
Contract EPA-68-02-1328
The report gives results of a laboratory pilot-scale
evaluation of a Flux Force/Condensation (FF/C)
scrubber for collecting fine particles, those smaller
than 2 micrometers in diameter. FF/C scrubbing in-
cludes the effects of dlffuslophoresis, thermophoresis,
Stefan flow, and particle growth due to water vapor
condensation, The FF/C scrubber tested was of hori-
zontal spray configurations. Effects of the scrubber
configurations, liquid and gas flowrates, particle
number concentration, and the amount of vapor con-
densation were studied experimentally. Fractional par-
ticle penetrations were measured with cascade impac-
tors and are presented in terms of particle penetration
as a function of particle size. The experimental results
are compared with predictions from mathematical
models. Optimum operational regions and the techni-
cal and economic feasibility of FF/C scrubbing are de-
termined and demonstrated for a fine particle pollution
68 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
source. It was confirmed that FF/C scrubbing is an at-
tractive control method for fine particles when high ef-
ficiency is required or when the gas Is hot enough to
evaporate the necessary water vapor for condensation
in the scrubber. A program to demonstrate FF/C
scrubbing at pilot scale for the control of fine panicu-
late emissions from industrial sources is described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
'Scrubbers, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Fines,
Combustion products, Concentration(Composition),
Particle size, Economics, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Operating costs, Cost estimates, 'Flux
force/condensation scrubbers, Wet methods.
PB-262 670/3 PC A03/MF A01
An Assessment of the CHESS Sulfate and Nitrate
Data during the Period RETA Performed the
Chemical Analysis,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Leo T. Heidarscheit, and Marvin B. Hertz. Jan 77, 50p
EPA/600/1-77-004
In the early 1970s certain filters from the CHESS net-
work were collected and sent to the Human Studies
Laboratory (HSL) Bioenvironmental Laboratory
Branch (BELB) for sulfate and nitrate analyses. These
analyses were interrupted on October 1, 1972 and
subsequently continued under contract signed March
1973 with Rickman, Edgerley, Tomlinson, and Asso-
ciates (RETA). Many of the filters were not analyzed
until RETA became fully operational in May 1973,
whereupon their measurements began to be inexplica-
bly and consistently low. The disparity between HSL
results and RETA's findings engendered an investiga-
tion Involving reanalyses to verify the apparent dispar-
ity, and then to determine a statistical adjustment
factor to correct for anomalies. In November 1974
Rockwell International undertook the reanalyses of
these CHESS filters. In Rockwell's reanalyses, the dif-
ference In RETA's sulfate data showed a mean ratio of
51 %, but the results on nitrates were inconclusive. The
effects of time and handling were not conclusively de-
termined, although there was an indication that ni-
trates decompose with tlmelapse more significantly
than sutfates. Based on the results of this report, It was
recommended that CHESS measurements for sulfates
be Increased by 51 % for all sites for the entire period
RETA performed these analyses.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Inorganic nitrates,
•Sulfatos, Particles, Statistical analysis,
Concentration(Composltion), Air pollution, Arithmetic
mean, Numerical analysis, Gas analysis, "Community
health environmental surveillance system.
PB-262 673/7 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Solid Waste Branch.
An Evaluation of the Status of Hazardous Watte
Management In Region X,
Battelle Memorial Inst, Richland, Wash. Pacific North-
west Labs.
Michael W. Stradley, Gaynor W. Dawson, and Bruce
W. Cone. Dec 75.194p EPA/910/9-76/024
Contract EPA-88-01-2943
Hazardous waste types, quantities, locations, and
management practices for industrial, agricultural, and
public operations In EPA Region X were surveyed
during the project. The survey revealed that hazardous
waste management practices In the region ranged
from environmentally unacceptable to commendable.
The report also documents the activities of hazardous
waste handling, processing, and disposal companies
within the region and the roles of state and federal
agencies in the overall management of hazardous
wastes. Recommendations for slate management pro-
grams and interstate cooperation in the area of haz-
ardous waste management are also made.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Liquid waste dis-
posal, "Hazardous materials, 'Regional planning, Pes-
ticides, Industrial wastes, Environmental surveys,
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington(State), Projects,
Methodology, Evaluation, State government, National
government, Cooperation, Recommendations, Man-
agement planning, State programs.
PB-262 678/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Open Space as an Air Resource Management
Measure. Volume II: Design Criteria. Final rept.,
COMSIS Corp., Glastonbury, Conn. Environmental
Services.
R. S. DeSanto, R. A. Glaser, W. P. McMillan, K. A.
MacGregor, and J. A. Miller. Dec 76,183p* H800-II,
EPA/450/3-76/028b
Contract EPA-68-02-2350
See also Volume 1, PB-261 758.
The work in this project has resulted In the preparation
of several separate volumes which cite and attempt to
interpret the pertinent and accessible literature in the
U.S. and elsewhere relating to the potential use of
open space as a means to reduce air pollution. Volume
2 presents the substance of the study in the form of a
workbook. It discusses generalized schemes for the
design and location of buffer strips and other forms of
open space, and Identifies the mathematical proce-
dures for combining the appropriate sink factors into
four useful carbon monoxide diffusion models.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Land use, Man-
uals, "Carbon monoxide, Design criteria, Vegetation,
Transport properties, Sources, Trees(Plants), High-
ways, Parks, Forests, Atmospheric diffusion, Models,
Buffers, Reviews, "Sinks(Biosphere), "Open space
studies, "Air quality maintenance, Alternatives.
PB-262 696/8 PC A05/MF A01
Annual Catalyst Research Program Report (2nd):
Summary. Annual program status Jun 74-Dec 75.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Jan 77,83p EPA/600/3-77/008
See also PB-249 908.
This report constitutes the second Annual Report of
the ORD Catalyst Research Program required by the
Administrator as noted in his testimony before the
Senate Public Works Committee on November 6,
1973. It Includes all research aspects of this broad
multi-disciplinary program including: emissions charac-
terization, measurement method development, moni-
toring, fuels analysis, toxicology, biology, epidemiol-
ogy, Tiuman studies, and unregulated emissions con-
trol options. Principal focus is upon catalyst-generated
sulfuric acid and noble metal paniculate emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfuric acid, "Pre-
cious metals, Particles, Exhaust emissions, Auto-
mobiles, Toxicology, Fuels, Chemical analysis, Public
health, Monitoring, Platinum, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composite), Freeways, "Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Air pollution detection, Air
pollution effect8(Humans), Baseline sources.
PB-262 712/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study on Oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon Forma-
tion In Diesel Engines. Final rept. Jun 73-Jun 76,
Ultras/stems, Inc., Irvine, Calif.
C. J. Kau, T. J. Tyson, and M. P. Heap. Mar 76,199p
EPA/460/3-76/OOB-a
Contract EPA-68-01 -0436
A mathematical model describing heat release and
pollutant formation in direct Injection diesel engines
has been developed and tested. The model Includes
several empirical constants which can be tuned to fit
the requirements of a particular engine. Sensitivity
studies indicate that the model is most responsive to
those constants which control fuel/air mixing. Numeri-
cal experiments strongly suggest that diffusion flames
modelled by spherical droplet flames are unsuitable for
this type of system. The model has been tested
against results obtained with a single cylinder diesel
engine. Reasonable predictions of the Influence of
engine design and operation parameters on NOx emis-
sions were obtained. However, predictions of smoke
emissions were not satisfactory.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Mathematical models, "Ni-
trogen oxides, "Carbon, "Diesel engines, Air pollution,
Ignition, Oxidation, Exhaust emissions, Heat transfer,
Internal combustion engines, Soot, Nitrogen
oxlde(NO), Fuel injectors, Thermodynamics, Design
criteria, Methodology, Fuel sprays, Numerical analysis,
Drops(Uquid), Diffusion flames, Tables(Data),
Concentratlon(Composition), Smoke, Performance
evaluation, Air fuel ratio.
PB-262 713/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study on Oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon Forma-
tion In Diesel Engines - Computer Program User's
Manual. Final rept. Jun 73-Jun 76,
Ultrasystems, Inc., Irvine, Calif.
C. J. Kau, and T. J. Tyson. Mar 76,101 p EPA/460/3-
76/008-b
Contract EPA-68-01-0436
See also PB-262 712.
This document describes the computer program and
serves as a user's manual for a numerical model on
THE PREDICTION OF POLLUTANT FORMATION IN
DIESEL ENGINES. The model is capable of predicting
both engine performance and formation of nitric oxide
and soot in a direct injected diesel engine combustion
process. The program is sufficiently versatile to investi-
gate the influence of several engine parameters, such
as geometry, injection timing, compression ratio, load,
swirl, etc., and thus can be considered as a tool readily
accessible to the design engineers. The physical and
chemical processes, the detailed mathematical analy-
sis and the assumptions upon which the model Is
based are discussed In the full report on this investiga-
tion. This manual contains brief descriptions of the pro-
gram subroutines, program input and output. One
sample case Is also given to illustrate the use of the
program which is designed to facilitate program check-
out. The computer program is coded in standard FOR-
TRAN IV, and a version is currently operational in CDC
6600 computer.
Keywords: 'Combustion, "Manuals, "Mathematical
models, "Carbon, 'Nitrogen oxides, "Diesel engines,
'Computer programs, "Computer programming, Nu-
merical analysis, FORTRAN, Performance evaluation,
Nitrogen oxide(NO), Soot, Design criteria, Combustion,
Internal combustion engines, Input output routines,
Subroutines, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Exhaust emissions.
PB-262 716/4 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Cos! Preparation Environmental Engineering
Manual. Rept. for Jun 74-Jun 75,
Davis (J. J.) Associates, McLean, Va.
David C. Nunenkamp. May 76,729p* EPA-600/2-76-
138
Contract EPA-68-02-1834
The manual provides an introduction to physical coal
cleaning to individuals outside of the coal preparation
industry. Specifically, the manual covers the general
nature and characteristics of U.S. coals, provides an
overview of the coal preparation plant, discusses the
major equipment and processes currently In use in
coal preparation, Identifies the primary waste streams
found during the coal cleaning operation, discusses
the techniques of control currently applied to those
waste streams, and describes the contaminant remov-
al potential of coal.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, "Environmental Im-
pacts, "Pollution, 'Industrial wastes, Beneflclatlon,
Solid waste disposal, Air pollution, Site selection, Sep-
aration, Drying, Cleaning, Incinerators, Land use,
Water pollution, Ecology, Spoil, Hazards, Process
charting, Grinding, Metallurgical fuels, Coking, Stor-
age, Dewaterlng, Filtration, Coal handling, Embank-
ments, Manuals, Mine wastes, Fugitive dust, Coal mine
spoil.
PB-262 720/6 PC A11 /MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fine Particle Emissions Information System User
Quids. Environmental protection technology series,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
M. P. Schrag, A. K. Rao, G. S. McMahon, and G. L.
Johnson. Jun 76,232p EPA/600/2-76/172
Contract EPA-68-02-1324
See also PB-262 721.
The Fine Particle Emissions Information System
(FPEIS) Is a computerized information system contain-
ing Information on primary fine particle emissions to
December 1983 69
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the atmosphere from stationary point sources and
evaluations of control devices. The purpose of the
system is to provide a centralized source of fine parti-
cle measurement information and data for use by engi-
neers and scientists engaged in fine particle control
technology development. This document constitutes
an extensive User Guide to the FPEIS. Detailed
instructions for encoding FPEIS data sets are present-
ed, along with a copy of the Standard FPEIS data input
forms. Both Off-line and On-line Request procedures
for users ere explained.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'In-
formation retrieval, 'Manuals, User needs, Computer
programming, Particles, Particle size, Information sys-
tems, Data retrieval, Methodology, Organizations, Sys-
tems analysis, Data bases, Paniculate emissions, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-262 721/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
RIM Particle Emission* Information System Ref-
erence Manual. Environmental protection technology
series,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
M. P. Schrag, A. K. Rao, G. S. McMahon. and G. L
Johnson. Jun 76,82p EPA/600/2-76/173
Contract EPA-68-02-1324
See also PB-262 720 and PB-2S8 625.
The report is a computerized data base on primary fine
particle emissions to the atmosphere from stationary
sources, a basic reference manual designed to assist
engineers and scientists engaged in fine particle con-
trol technology development. The FPEIS will contain
source test data including particle size distributions;
chemical, physical, and bioassay testing results per-
formed on paniculate samples; design and typical op-
erating data on particle control systems applied; proc-
ess descriptions of the sources; and descriptions of
the sampling equipment and techniques employed. It
identifies and discusses the input data requirements
and protocol. For reference, it includes a list of availa-
ble information request procedures, and describes the
general data base management system used to imple-
ment the FPEIS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'In-
formation retrieval, 'Manuals, Particles, Dust, Informa-
tion systems, Data acquisition, Management systems,
Computer programming, Fineness, sources, Particle
size, Statistical distributions, Tests, Sampling, Data
bases, Paniculate emissions, Stationary sources.
PB-262 722/2 PC A20/MF A01
Proceedings: Symposium on Hue Qas Desutfurl-
z«tJon-N*w Orleans, March 1976. Volume II,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N,C.
R. D. Stem, W. H. Ponder, and R. C. Christian. May 76,
453p EPA/600/2-76/136b
See also Volume 1, PB-2SS 317.
The proceedings document the presentations made
during the symposium, which dealt with the status of
flue gas desuHurlzation technology In the United
States and abroad. Subjects considered included: re-
generable, non-regenerable, and advanced process-
es; process costs; and by-product disposal, utilization,
and marketing. The purpose of the symposium was to
provide developers, vendors, users and those con-
cerned with regulatory guidelines with a current review
of progress made in applying processes for the reduc-
tion of sulfur dioxide emissions at the full- and semi-
commercial scale.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur
oxides. Citrate, Gypsum, Utilization, Flue gases, Water
pollution, Sludges, Chemical properties. Coal, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Electric power plants,
Scrubbers, Air pollution control equipment Econom-
ics, Carbonates, Process charting. Design criteria, Alu-
minum sulfate, Treatment Catalysis, Byproducts, Per-
formance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide. Air filters, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Cost estimates, Solid
wastes disposal, Weliman process, Waste gas recov-
ery, Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Conditioning agents,
Ammonia scrubbing, Dry methods, Catalync/West-
vaco process, Spring-Nobel Hoechst process.
PB-2S2 782/6 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Methods for Separation of Sediment from Storm
Water at Construction Sites. Final rept.,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. St. Anthony Falls Hy-
draulic Lab.
J. F. Ripken, J. M. Killen, and J. S, Gulliver. Jan 77,
102p EPA/600/2-77/033
Grant EPA-R-803579
Large construction sites, when exposed to rainfall,
yield runoff which may transport an objectionable load
of mineral solids from the site. This report discusses
the nature and amount of solids which may be trans-
ported and reviews the primary and secondary meth-
ods which may be employed to remove the transport-
ed solids from the effluent water. Limited consideration
is given to the settling basin as a primary treatment
device but the principal focus is on the use and charac-
teristics of modern, available, commercial equipment
for the secondary treatment process necessary to
remove fine mineral solid suspensions. Specific rec-
ommendations are made for equipment selection and
for additional studies to more clearly characterize
these selections for construction site use.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Suspended sedi-
ments, 'Runoff, Separation, Construction, Soil ero-
sion, Gravity concentrators, Settlers(Separators),
Strainers, Efficiency, Settling basins, Filtration, Centri-
fuges, Coagulation, Flocculating, Electrophoresis.
PB-262 789/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Evaluation of Methods for Measuring and Control-
ling Hydrocarbon Emissions from Petroleum Stor-
age Tanks. Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
D. A. Ball, A. A. Putnam, and R. G. Luce. Nov 76,100p
EPA/450/3-76/036
Contract EPA-68-01 -3159
The purpose of this study was to determine advances
made in petroleum storage tank design for controlling
hydrocarbon emissions, evaluate the validity of the API
correlations and test procedures when applied to
modern tanks, and develop new test procedures or
modify existing procedures to conduct short-term
emissions tests on modem tanks. The results of the
study showed that the floating roof is the most
common means of controlling emissions from storage
tanks and that most advances in design have been di-
rected at increased safety, durability, and lower cost.
No actual experimental data were found to indicate
that any particular tank emission control system was
better at controlling emissions than any other. It was
also found that the existing API data base and correla-
tions are of questionable accuracy, especially when
applied to stocks with true vapor pressure less than
2.0 psia or tanks with diameters greater than 150 feet.
The API emissions test procedures were found to be
technically sound although they require extensive test
times to obtain significant results. Little chance was
seen to increase accuracy or reduce the test time of
these procedures. Several new test procedures were
analyzed and one was felt to have promise of achiev-
ing accurate emissions results in substantially reduced
test times.
Keywords: 'Petroleum, 'Storage tanks, 'Hydrocar-
bons, 'Air pollution control, Emissions, Air pollution
control equipment, Coverings, Sealing, 'Emission con-
trol, 'Floating roofs, Stationary sources.
PB-262 790/9
PC A02/MF A01
Computer Literature Searching and Data Bases it
the Environmental Protection Agency Environ-
mental Research Center Library, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Li-
brary.
Mary L. Calkins. 1 976, 21 p EPA/LIB-76/ 1 1
This document provides, in tabular form, brief details
and descriptions of 74 data bases available to EPA
personnel through the Environmental Research
Center Library, Cincinnati. The information is current
as of September 1976.
Keywords: 'Information retrieval, Search structuring,
Data retrieval, Libraries, On line retrieval systems,
'Data bases.
PB-262 600/6 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and
Vermont, Water Year 1975. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 74-30 Sep 75.
Geological Survey, Boston, Mass. Water Resources
Div.
Dec 76,193p USGS/WRD/HD-76/057, USGS/WDR/
VT-75-1
Water-resources data for the 1975 water year for New
Hampshire and Vermont consist of records of stage,
discharge and water quality of streams; stage and con-
tents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report contains discharge
records for 91 gaging stations; stage records for 5
lakes; month end contents for 27 lakes and reservoirs;
water-quality data for 5 continuing stations and 16 par-
tial-record stations; and water levels for 17 wells. Also
included are data for 42 crest-stage partial-record sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data-collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements. A few pertinent stations (not included
above) In the bordering states and in the Province of
Quebec are also included in this report. The data rep-
resent that portion of the National water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing State and Federal agencies in New Hampshire and
Vermont.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'New Hampshire, 'Vermont,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reser-
voirs, Observation wells, Temperature, Water analysis,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Canada, Water levels, 'Water quality data, Peak dis-
charge, Quebec(Canada).
PB-262 804/8 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Catalytic Conversion of Hazardous and Toxic
Chemicals: Catalytic Hydrodechlorlnatlon of Poly-
chlorinated Pesticides and Related Substances.
Rnal rept,
Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Mass. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
Rene B. LaPierre, Ehud Biron, David Wu, Laszlo Guczi,
and Wilmer L. Kranich. Jan 77,184p EPA/600/3-77/
016
Grant EPA-R-802857-01
A study has been undertaken of the catalytic conver-
sion of chlorinated pesticides and other environmen-
tally undesirable chlorinated materials into acceptable
compounds. The results of this study show that chlo-
rine can be catalytically removed and replaced by hy-
drogen to produce relatively nontoxic hydrocarbons
which may either be useful as items of commerce or
which may be easily combusted. The experimental
foundation for a large scale hydrodechlorination proc-
ess has been laid. The Process Involves the use of a
supported nickel catalyst in a batch process using eth-
anol as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as an acid ac-
ceptor of the hydrogen chloride byproduct. Tempera-
tures of less than 150C and hydrogen pressures of
less than 50 atmospheres are required for most
classes of chlorinated pesticides and related sub-
stances. Palladium as a catalyst did not give results
which were significantly better than nickel. A reactivity
sequence has been established based on carbon chlo-
rine bonding, wherein olellnic chlorine is most reactive,
aromatic chlorine is less reactive and aliphatic chlorine
Is least reactive. Reaction models have been pro-
posed and the relative rates of parallel and consecu-
tive hydrodechlorination steps have been determined
for Aroclor and DDE under various process conditions.
Removal of ortho substituted chlorine is the limiting re-
action In hydrodechlorination of Polychlorinated Bi-
phenyls (PCB's). Highly bridged and nonplanar mole-
cules such as Aldrin and Dieldrln are the most difficult
compounds to hydrodechlorinate due to steric effects.
Removal of aromatic chlorine Is the limiting reactor in
the hydrodechlorination of DDT and DDE. The hydro-
dechlorinatlon process as described should be appli-
cable to other classes of pesticides such as the iso-
meric hexachlorocyclohexanes (e.g., Lindane), and
the Methanoindenes (e.g., Chlordane). Due to steric
effects chlordane should have a reactivity similar to
that of Aldrin.
Keywords: 'Decomposition, 'Catalysis, 'Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials,
70 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Dechlorinatlon, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil,
DDT, Chemical analysis, Tablas(Data), Palladium,
Nickel, Terpenes, Chlorine alephatic compounds,
Liquid waste disposal, 'Environmental chemical sub-
stitutes, Aroclors, DDE Insecticide, DDD Insecticide,
Aldrln, Dleldrin, Toxaphene, Ethylene/
bis(Chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Ethane/bis(Chlorophenyl)-
dichloro, Dimethanonaphthalenes, Toxic substances.
PB-262 616/2 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio, wastewater Research Div.
Research Needs for Automation of Wastewater
Trtatment System*. Proceeding* of a Workshop
Held at Clemson, S.C. on September 23-25, 1974.
Final rept. Apr-Dec 74,
Clemson Univ., S.C.
H. O. Buhr, J. F. Andrews, and T. M. Keinath. Jan 77,
134p EPA/600/2-77/041
GrantEPA-R-803214
This report summarizes the discussions of the work-
shop. The primary purpose of the workshop was to
define and establish priorities for research needed to
automate wastewatar treatment plants. Also, ad-
dressed is the effect of automation on the design and
operation of wastewater recycle systems. The work-
shop indicated a need for an information clearing-
house, international exchange of data, and projected a
philosophy of wastewater renovation as opposed to
merits. The cost effective application of instrumenta-
tion and automation to wastewater management sys-
tems will be a key to implementing this philosophy.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Automatic control,
Meetings, Research projects, Design, Waste water
reuse, Sludge disposal, Dewatering, sludge digestion,
Computers, Activated sludge process, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Automatic control equip-
ment, Research needs.
PB-262 818/8 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Louisiana, Watsr Yesr
1976. Volume 2. Southern Louisiana. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 75-30 Sen 76.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, La. Water Re-
sources Div.
Dec 76, 837p USGS/WRD/HD-76/055, USQS/WDR/
LA-76-2
See also PB-251 852.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; water quality of lakes; and
water levels and water quality for wells. This report
contains discharge records for 22 gaging stations;
stage only records for 1 2 gaging stations; water quality
for 61 continuous, daily or bi-weekly stations, 240 mis-
cellaneous stations, and 256 wells; and water levels
for 387 observation wells. Also Included are data for 31
crest-stage partial-record stations and 65 flood-profile
partial-record stations. Additional water data were col-
lected at 10 various sites, not part of the systematic
data-collection program, and are published as miscel-
laneous measurements. Records for a few pertinent
stations in bordering States are also included In this
report. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in
Louisiana.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Louisiana, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
Phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-262 819/6 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Uranium Mining snd Milling on Ground
Water in the Grants Mineral Belt, New Mexico,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas. Neb.
Robert F. Kaufmann, Gregory G. Eadie, and Charles R.
Russell. 1Feb 77,1 4p
Pub. In Ground Water, v14 n5 Sep-Oct 78.
Ground-water contamination from uranium mining and
charge waters of a producing mine tend to increase
substantially as the ore body is developed. Whereas
natural background radium concentrations are gener-
ally about several picocuries/llter (pCi/l), 100 to 150
pCi/l appear in the effluents of operating mines. The
discharge of such highly contaminated mine effluents
to streams and seepage from tailings ponds, creates a
long-lived source of ground-water contamination.
Seepage of mill tailings at two active mills ranges from
126,000 to 491,000 cu m/yr and, to date, has contrib-
uted an estimated 2400 Curies of uranium, radium, and
thorium to the ground-water reservoir. Radium, seleni-
um, nitrate and, to a lesser extent, uranium, are of
most value as Indicators of ground-water contamina-
tion.
Keywords: 'Uranium ore deposits, 'Water pollution,
New Mexico, Industrial wastes, Ground water, Mining,
Radium, Selenium, Inorganic nitrates, Water analysis,
Tailings, Beneflciatlon, Sources, Radioactive isotopes,
Uranium industry, Grants Mineral Belt, Mine wastes,
Water pollution sampling.
PB-262 849/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Sizing Techniques for Control Device
Evaluation: Cascade Impactor Calibrations. Final
rept. Mar 73-Jul 76,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
Kenneth M. Gushing, George E. Lacey, Joseph D.
McCain, and Wallace B. Smith. Oct 76, 96p EPA/600/
2-76/280
Contract EPA-68-02-0273
The report gives results of a calibration study to deter-
mine sizing parameters and wall losses for five com-
mercially available cascade impactors. A vlbrating-ori-
fice aerosol generator was used to produce monodis-
perse ammonium fluorescein aerosol particles 15 to 1
micrometers in diameter. A pressurized Collison Nebu-
lizer system was used to disperse Dow Coming poly-
styrene latex (PSL) spheres 2 to 0.46 millimeters in di-
ameter. When ammonium fluorescein was used, the
mass collected by each Impactor surface was deter-
mined using absorption spectrophotometry of washes
from the various surfaces. When sizing with the PSL
spheres, a Climet Instruments Model 208A Particle
Analyzer was used to determine particle number con-
centrations at the inlet and the outlet of the test impac-
tor. Results are reported showing stage collection effi-
ciency as a function of the square root of the Stokes
number, stage collection efficiency as a function of
particle size, and impactor wall losses (total, nozzle,
and inlet cone) as a function of particle size. It has
been determined that the values of the Stokes number
for the 50% collection efficiency are not generally the
same for each impactor stage. A table of these values
is presented. Published theories do not successfully
predict these values, so empirical calibration Is re-
milling results from the infiltration of mine, mm, and ion-
exchange plant effluents containing elevated concen-
trations of radium, selenium, and nitrate. Available
data indicate that radium concentrations in the dis-
j field or laboratory.
Keywords: 'Impactors, 'Particle sizes, *Alr pollution
control equipment, 'Calibrating, Efficiency, Perform-
ance evaluation, Aerosols, Parameters, Graphic meth-
ods, Concentratlon(Composltion), Field tests, Experi-
mental design, Cascade Impactors.
PB-262 850/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
PCB Emissions from Stationary Sources: A Theo-
retical Study. Final rept,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
Herman Knieriem, Jr. Oct76,43p' MRC-DA-677.
EPA/600/7-76/028
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
The report gives results of a theoretical assessment of
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) formation and destruc-
tion in conventional fossil fuel fired sources. Results
suggest a small but finite possibility that PCB Isomers
may be found In their emissions. The study was the
result of concern caused by tentative Identification of
PCB Isomers In ash and flyash from a utility steam gen-
erating boiler. The theoretical assessment concluded
that: 0) PCB emissions are more likely from higher-
chlorine content coal or residual oil combustion than
from refined oil or natural gas; (2) PCB isomers with
four or more chlorine atoms per molecule are more of
an environmental hazard than those with three or less;
(3) the probability of forming PCB Isomers with four or
more atoms of chlorine per molecule during combus-
tion Is restricted by the short residence times and low
concentrations of chlorine available In many fossil
fuels; (4) the amount of PCB emissions, if any, may be
related to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon emis-
sions; (5) based on the above, inefficient combustion
control Is more likely to produce PCB emissions than
optimum conditions; and (6) the highest priority for field
sampling and analysis of PCB from combustion
sources should be for small- and medium-sized, hand-
and underfeed-stoked coal furnaces.
Keywords: 'Ash content, 'Isomers, 'Assessments,
'Fossil fuels, Electric power plants, Oxidation,
Tables(Data), Chlorine organic compounds, Air pollu-
tion, Coal, Natural gases, Fuel oil, Furnaces, Reaction
kinetics, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Thermody-
namics, Boilers, Chemical analysis, Combustioni<0rod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Gas analysis,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Sampling, Fly ash, *Bi-
phenyl/chloro, 'Air pollution detection, Coal-fired
power plants, Stationary sources, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB-262 856/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Foreign Air Pollution Research In Fine Partlcu-
lates. Final rept. Mar 75-Apr 76,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Arthur L Benson. Oct 76,99p EPA/600/2-76/278
Contract EPA-68-02-1866
The report presents unpublished fine paniculate meas-
urement and control information and information not
readily available to the researcher, generated during
the period 1971-76 in Australia, Canada, Japan, and
the USSR. The information is used as a basis for iden-
tifying new concepts in the above mentioned area. Ap-
proximately 700 documents are compiled with ab-
stracts. Full-text translations are provided for special-
Interest areas.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control, 'Fines, At-
mospheric chemistry, Thermal radiation, Temperature,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Aerosols,
Scrubbing, Air quality, Concentration(Composition),
Sound waves, Centrifuging, Mass transfer, transport
properties, Duat, Electrical fields, Ion exchanging, Fil-
ters, Electromagnetic precipitators, Public health, 'Air
pollution detection, Fabric filters, Translations, Station-
ary sources, Japan, USSR, Australia, New Zealand,
Canada.
PB-262 867/6 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Feasibility of Producing Elemental Sulfur from
Magnesium Sulftts. Final rept May 75-Aug 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Philip S. Lowell, W. E. Corbett, G. D. Brown, and K. A.
Wilde. Oct 76,218p EPA/600/7-76/030
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The report gives results of a study to extend potential
applications of MgO flue gas desulfurization processes
by allowing the sulfur to be recovered as elemental
sulfur as well as sulfuric acid. The study considered the
feasibility of combining the exothermic SO2 reduction
reaction with the endofnermlc MgSO3 calcination. Pre-
liminary consideration of the reductants carbon mon-
oxide, hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulflde
showed that the reaction with SO2 can supply part, or
in some cases all, of the heat of decomposition of
MgSO3. Considered In detail were: (1) low-tempera-
ture catalytic decomposition using a commercially
available low-Btu synthetic-gas reductant mixture; and
(2) high-temperature noncatalytic decomposition using
a medlum-Btu reducing gas from an oxygen-blown
gaslfier. Complete heat and material balances for con-
ceptual process designs for the above cases were de-
veloped to identify problems. Recommendations for
work required to continue process development are
given. Problems Identified include catalyst physical
stability, catalyst/ MgO separation, dust carry-over,
and noncatalytic reduction kinetics.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Feasibility, Assessments, Materials recovery,
Chemical industry, Reduction(Chemlstry), Flue gases,
Process charting, Scrubbers, Roasters, Decomposi-
tion reactions, Sulfuric acid, Reaction kinetics, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Catalysts, Heat
transfer, Magnesium Inorganic compounds, Design crl-
December 1983 71
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
teria, Magnesium oxides, Magnesium oxide scrubbing,
Magnesium sulfite.
PB-262 869/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Tims Ford and Woods Reservoirs: Moore, Frank-
lin, and Coffee Counties, Tennessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,81ip Working Paper-455
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville, and Tennessee Dept. of Public Health,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tims Ford Reservoir,
•Woods Reservoir, Water quality, Inorganic phos-
phates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutri-
ents, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water quality manage-
ment, Tennessee, Eutrophication, "Water quality data,
Moore CountyfTennessee), Franklin
CountyfTennessee), Coffee CountyfTennessee).
PB-262 870/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Barkley Lake, Stewart and Montgomery Counties,
Tennessee; Trlgg and Lyon Counties, Kentucky.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 76,76p Working Paper-442
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee National Guard,
Nashville, and Tennessee Dept. of Public Health,
Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: *Water pollution, *Barkley Lake, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Tennessee, Ken-
tucky, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loadings, Stewart CountyfTennessee),
Montgomery CountyfTennessee), Trigg
County(Kentucky), Lyon County(Kentucky).
PB-262 871/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab Las
Vegas, Nev.
Brush Lake, McLean County, North Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., North Dakota State Dept. of
Health, Bismarck and North Dakota National Guard
Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Brush Lake, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Freshwater
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Norm Dakota,
•Water quality data, * Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
ganic loadings, McLean County(North Dakota).
72 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-262 872/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake LaMoure, LaMoure County, North Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev
Oct 76,35p Working Paper-571
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., North Dakota State Dept. of
Health, Bismarck, and North Dakota National Guard,
Bismarck.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake LaMoure, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, North Dakota,
'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
ganic loadings, LaMoure CountyfNorth Dakota).
PB-262 873/3 PC A04/MF A01
Legislation, Programs and Organization.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
Office of Resources Management.
Jan 77,65p
This document has been prepared to acquaint the
public with the Environmental Protection Agency and
its programs. It is organized to describe the legislation
authorizing EPA activities, the history and present or-
ganization of EPA, and the pollution control programs
operated by the Agency and the EPA budget.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Organizations, Operations, Handbooks,
Legislation, Research projects, Project planning, Fi-
nancing, Solid waste disposal, Noise pollution, Public
health, Facilities, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB-262 875/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab Las
Vegas, Nev.
Clark Hill Reservoir: Columbia, Elbert, Lincoln,
McDuffle, and Wllks Counties, Georgia, and Abbe-
ville and McCormlck Counties, South Carolina.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 76,77p Working Paper-287
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Georgia Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Atlanta, and Georgia National Guard, Atlanta.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clark Hill Reservoir, Sur-
veys, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Bio-
assay, Primary biological productivity, Chemical prop-
erties, Water quality, Drainage, Nutrients, Sources,
Tables(Data), South Carolina, Georgia, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Columbia County(Georgla), Elbert
County(Georgia), Lincoln CountyfGeorgia, McDuffie
County(Georgia), Wilks County(GeorgTa), Abbeville
County(South Carolina), McCormick CountyfSouth
Carolina).
PB-262 876/6 PC A07/MF A01
EPA Program Conference Report Fuel Cleaning
Program: Coal. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office ot Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Z. S. Altschuler, R. E. Hucko, G. A. Isaacs, P. S.
Jacobson, and J. D. Kilgore. Oct 76,127p EPA/600/7-
76/024
Sessions Proceedings from the National Conference
on Energy and the Environment (4th), Held at Cincin-
nati, Ohio, October 6, 1976. Prepared in cooperation
with Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Technical Committee TT-5.1., and American Inst. of
Chemical Engineers, Dayton, Ohio.
This publication presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Office of Energy, Minerals, and In-
dustry's interagency coal cleaning research, develop-
ment and demonstration program. This report consists
of the papers presented in the two sessions, Coal
Preparation of Pollution Control, of the Fourth National
Conference on Energy and the Environment (October
5-6, 1976, Cincinnati, Ohio). The first session (section
1 of the publication) is concerned with the physical
chemical and geochemical aspects of coal including
resource distribution and availability. The second ses-
sion (section 2 of the publication) centers on the clean-
ing technology, both physical and chemical, that is ad-
vancing towards commercialization in cooperation with
or under sponsorship from the Government.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Coal preparation, 'Desulfuri-
zation, *Air pollution abatement, 'Air pollution control,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Water pollution control,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
power plants, Cleaning, Assessments, Fluidized bed
processors, Coal utilization, Coal storage, Sulfur diox-
ide, Chemical analysis, Trace elements, Coal deposits,
Residues, Coal reserves, Forecasting, Design criteria,
Cost estimates, Tables(Data), Graphic methods, Geo-
chemistry, Appalachian Mountain Region(United
States), 'Clean energy, Fluidized-bed combustion,
Meyers process, 'Low sulfur coal, Battelle Hydrother-
mal process, Energy conversion efficiency, Eastern
Region(United States).
PB-262 880/8 PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium and Zinc Toxlclty to 'Jordanella florl-
dae'. Ecological research series,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert L. Spehar. Nov 76,43p EPA/600/3-76/096
This report deals with two chemical pollutants, cadmi-
um and zinc, and their effects on the flagfish (Jordan-
ella floridae). These chemicals were utilized because
they are virtually ubiquitous in the environment and be-
cause of their observed toxic effect to some aquatic
life. The flagfish was chosen for study because of its
short life cycle (6-8 wk) and for comparing its sensitiv-
ity with other fish species having longer life cycles.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Metals,
Zinc, Cadmium, Dosage, Concentration(Composition),
Reproduction(Biology), Life cycles, Survival, Growth,
Exposure, Field tests, 'Jordanella floridae.
PB-262 893/1 PCA05/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Amphlbole Mineral Study - To Complement the
Ongoing Characterization of Fine Paniculate Envi-
ronmental Contaminants for Biological Experi-
mentation,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Paul C. Siebert, and Colin F. Harwood. Jan 77,91p
EPA/600/1-77/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1687
This report details the work and results of a program
concerned with the collection of amphibole mineral
samples from the Reserve Mining taconlte mine in
Babbitt, Minnesota and the preparation of highly char-
acterized amphibole fibers from these samples. A pro-
file of the ore body was compiled after a petrographic
examination of mineral samples. Various separation
and sizing techniques for the fibrous material present
in the ore were investigated. Air jet milling of ground
and sieved fibrous rock was used to prepare samples
for biological experimentation. This material was char-
acterized by optical microscopy, electron miscroscopy,
electron diffraction, x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffrac-
tion, atomic absorption spectrometry, B.E.T. surface
area, and benzene extraction. The fibers were found to
have many properties similar to amphibole asbestos
types. Vials of weighed amounts of product sample
were prepared and purged with nitrogen.
Keywords: 'Amphiboles, 'Ore sampling, X ray analy-
sis, Electron microscopy, Asbestos, Mining, Mineral-
ogy, Chemical analysis, Area, Solvent extraction,
Atomic spectroscopy, Electron diffraction, Fiber metal-
lurgy, Babbitt(Mlnnesota).
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-262 694/9 PC A03/MF A01
Fish Kills Caused by Pollution In 1974. Annual rept.
no. 15.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
1974,29p EPA/440/9-75/013
See also PB-257 965.
The annual fish kill report represents the combined ef-
forts of private individuals: State fish and game, health,
and conservation officers; and water pollution control
officials at the state and federal level.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Mortality, 'Water pollution, Sta-
tistical data, Surveys, StatesfUnited States),
Tables(Data), 'Fishkills.
PB-262 896/4 PC A06/MF A01
Residential Collection Systems. Volume I. Report
Summary, Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Mar 75,115p EPA/530/SW-97C.1
See also Volume 2, PB-239 917.
This study effort on solid waste management was de-
signed to determine productivity and efficiency meas-
ures for 11 specifically defined systems. The systems
were defined In terms of type of equipment, crew size,
frequency of collection, point of collection, collection
methodology and incentive system. Bags and cans
were prescribed as the storage containers for all sys-
tems. The analysis was made In terms of these factors
and is contained in Volume 2 of this report. In addition,
an analysis was made of the productivity, efficiency,
and collection costs of these systems.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Collecting meth-
ods, 'Urban areas, Surveys, Performance evaluation,
Productivity, Efficiency, Systems analysis, Equipment,
Personnel, Scheduling, Cost effectiveness, House-
holds, Refuse disposal, 'Residential areas, 'Salt Lake
County(Utah), 'Covina(Califomla), 'PhoenlxWrfzona),
•Rockford(lllinols), 'Flint(Michlgani,
•TucsonfArizona), 'Warwick(Rhode Island), *Oak
Park(lllinois), 'Dade County(Florida), 'San
Leandro(Californla), *Racine(Wiscon8in), Frequency
of collection.
PB-262 897/2 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlclty of Selected Organic Compound*
to Fathead Minnow*. Final rept. Fob 73-Jul 74,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Vincent R. Mattson, John W. Arthur, and Charles T.
WalbrkJge, Oct 76,20p EPA/600/3-76/097
Static nonrenewal laboratory bioassays were conduct-
ed with 26 organic compounds commonly used by in-
dustry. The selected compounds represented the five
following chemical classes: adds, alcohols, hydrocar-
bons, ketones and aldehydes, and phenols. Juvenile
fathead minnows (Plmephales promelas) were the test
animal, and test duration was limited to 96 hr. Lake Su-
perior water served as the diluent source for all test
compounds. Additional tests were conducted with a re-
constituted diluent water for five compounds. The al-
cohol compounds were generally 10 to 100 times less
toxic than chemicals tested in the other four chemical
classes. Compounds in the other four classes had a
similar toxlclty range. The most lethal chemical tested
was pentachlorophenol (96-hr LC50 of 0.6 mg/l.) and
the least lethal was ethanol (96-hr LC50 of 13,480 mg/
!•)• Most of the minnow deaths occurred during the first
24 hr. Comparative chemical tests In the two diluent
waters gave similar lethal responses.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Organic compounds, 'Toxlclty,
Organic adds, Alcohols, Hydrocarbons, Ketones, Al-
dehydes, Phenols, Mortality, Ethanols,
Concentration(Composltlon), Lethal dosage, Classifi-
cations, Bloaesay, Exposure, 'Plmephales promelas,
Phenol/chloro, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-W2 902/0 PC AM/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Labs.. Clndnnati,
Ohio.
Wastewater Flow Measurement In Sewer* Using
Milwaukee S*ewerage Commission, WIs.
R. J. Anderson, S. S. Bell, W. H. Vander Heyden, and
W. K. Qenthe. Nov 76,113p EPA/600/2-76/243
Prepared in cooperation with Badger Meter, Inc., Mil-
waukee, WIs.
The report describes a new technique for measure-
ment of sewage volume flow utilizing ultrasonic meas-
urements of depth and velocity. The new technique,
requiring no costly construction for Installation, is
usable for open channel or partially full measurements.
The flow technique can accomplish measurement ac-
curacies from 2 to 5% under conditions of rapidly
changing levels, surcharging, and back-up conditions.
Two installations were accomplished on existing
sewers In the Milwaukee Sewage System, one 1 2 1 12
feet and the other 5 feet in diameter. A continuous flow
record was displayed for each meter and performance
of the meter installations was compared with magnetic
flow meters at one site and head velocity relations on
the other site.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Flow measurement, 'Ultrasonic
radiation, 'Measuring instruments, Volume, Acoustic
detection, Cost analysis, Maintenance, Waste water,
Storm sewers, Combined sewers, Design, Perform-
ance, Diagrams.
PB-262 906/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Land Us* inventory Update and Projection Utlca-
Rome Air Quality Maintenance Area (AOMA). Final
rept,
Herkimer-Onelda Counties Comprehensive Planning
Program, Utica. N.Y.
Stephen S. Olney. Jan 77,52p EPA/902/4-77/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2305
The Utica-Rome AQMA consists of 14 Mohawk Valley
towns and cities in Herkimer and Oneida Counties,
New York. Land uses In the area were Inventoried In
1968 as part of the Statewide Land Use Natural Re-
source Inventory (LUNR). The present report updates
the 1968 inventory to 1975 based upon aerial photo
measurements of a sample of kilometer squares.
Urban land uses are projected to 1960, 1985, 1990
and 2000. This information will be used by the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation
to project future air quality.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Land use,
'Urban areas, Inventories, Aerial photography, Statisti-
cal data, Industrial relations, Mathematical prediction,
Correlations, Requirements, *Alr quality maintenance,
Air quality maintenance areas, Herkimer County(New
York), Oneida County(New York), Residential areas,
Commercial areas, Needs.
PB-262 912/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Toxlclty of Four PeeUdde* to Water Flea* and
Fathead Minnow*. Acute and Chronic Toxlclty of
AcroMn, rteptachior, Endoaulfan, and Trltluralln
to the Water Flo (Daphnla magna) and the Fath-
ead Minnow (Plmephaf** prom*!**). Final rept.,
EG and Q, Bionomics. Wareham, Mass.
Kenneth J. Macek. Mark A. Undberg. Scott Sauter.
Kenneth S. Buxton, and Patricia A. Costa. Nov 76,68p
EPA/600/3-76/099
Contract EPA-68-01 -0738
Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations
(MATC's) for each pesticide for both species were esti-
mated by measuring survival, growth and reproduction
success as Indicator* of toxic effect*. The MATC for
acroleln was estimated to be > 16.9 and <33.6mlcro-
gram/l for daphnkls and > 11.4 and <41.7 for fathead
minnows, those estimated for heptachlor were > 12.5
and <25.0 mterograms/l for daphnlds and >0.86 and
<1.84 mlcfograms/l for fathead minnows, those esti-
mated for endosulfan were >2.7 and <7.0 micro-
grsms/l for daphnlds and >0.2 and <0.4 micro-
grams/I for fathead minnows, and those estimated for
ttfluralln were >2.4 and <7.2 mterograms/l for daph-
nlds and >1.9 and <5.1 mterograms/l for fathead
minnows.
Keywords: 'Pesticide*, 'Toxteity, 'Fishes, 'Insects,
Aquatic animals, Growth, Survival,
Reproductton(Btolooy), ConcentrattorKComposltion),
Exposure, Herbicides, Insecticide*, Bloassay, Aero-
toins, Heptachlor, Chlorine organic compounds.
TabkM(Data), Daphnla magna, Pimephales promelas,
Endosulfan, ToluWlne/dlnttro-N-N-dlpropyl-trlfluoro.
PB-262 913/7 PC A04/MF A01
Acute Toxic Effects of Petroleum Refinery
Wastewaters on Redear Sunflsh,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
Okla.
John E. Matthews, and Leon H. Myers. Oct 76,62p
EPA/600/2-74-241
Static bioassays of 24 hours' duration were performed
on samples of wastewaters provided by 22 domestic
petroleum refiners. These wastewaters represent
three types of water discharges prevalent to this indus-
try: process wastewaters prior to dilution with other
streams; API separator effluents which are a conjugate
of various streams within a refinery; and wastewaters
following treatment by activated sludge systems.
Bioassays were performed using redear sunflsh (Lepo-
mis microlophus) as test organisms. Twenty-four hour
50 percent tolerance limits (TL sub 50) of the various
wastewaters are compared with results of chemical
analyses performed during the same study. Toxiclty
varied considerably both between refineries and for
waste streams from within a single refinery. Results of
these analyses and observed behavioral symptoms of
distressed fish revealed that ammonia, sulfides, and
phenollcs, alone or In combination, were major contrib-
utors to toxlcity exerted in most samples. Three refin-
eries had samples which were more toxic than antici-
pated based on results of chemical analyses, Indicat-
ing the presence of other toxic compounds in unknown
quantities; e.g., various hydrocarbons.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Toxlclty, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Refineries, Bloassay, Waste water, Animal
behavior, Toxic tolerances, Hydrocarbons, Ammonia,
Organic sulfides, Phenols, "Lepomls microlophus.
PB-262 914/5 PC A04/MF A01
Water Quality: Western Fish Toxicology Station
and Western Oregon Rivers. Final rept. 1972-74,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Donald F. Samuelson. Sep 76,64p EPA-600/3-76/
077
Seasonal variation in water quality was compared for
the Western Fish Toxicology Station (WFTS), Corval-
lis, OR, the adjacent Willamette River and approxi-
mately 40 major western Oregon rivers from 1972
through 1974. Water temperature patterns of the Wil-
lamette River and the WFTS well were similar (range,
4.6-20.OC). While both displayed seasonal trends, well
water lagged 7-10 days behind the river In both tem-
perature Increases and decreases. Dissolved oxygen
values in both the river and well water were inversely
related to temperature. Average dissolved oxygen
concentrations were higher in the river (10.4 mg/l)
than In the well water (4.1 mg/l). Hydrogen ion con-
centration (pH) was low In the well water (range, 6.6-
7.0), compared to the river (range, 7.0-7.8). River water
had a mean hardness and alkalinity of 22 mg/l and 23
mg/l respectively, while well water ranged between
'soft to moderately hard' (mean hardness, 34 mg/l;
mean alkalinity, 31 mg/l). River Iron and manganese
concentrations were approximately 10 times greater
than those found In the well. River zinc had a mean of
9.4 ug/l, while the well water mean concentration was
5.1 ug/l.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Willamette River,
'Rivera, 'Oregon, Surveys, Water wells, Temperature,
Dissolved gases, Oxygen, pH,
ConcentrationfComposition), Correlation techniques,
Metals, Zinc, Trace elements, Iron, Manganese, Sea-
sonal variations, Western Fish Toxicology Station,
Corvallls(Oregon), 'Water quality data.
PB-M2 «17/8 PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Wast* Management Facilities In the
United State* -1977,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Matthew A. Straus. Jan 77, 66p EPA/530/SW-146.3
Supersedes PB-261 063.
The enterprises listed in this document are in the busi-
ness of accepting, recycling, processing and/or dis-
posing of various hazardous wastes. TheUS. Environ-
mental Protection Agency does not endorse any of
these firms and cannot vouch for the environmental
adequacy of their operations. This list, which Is fur-
nished as a public service, will be revised as the EPA
Office of Solid Waste becomes aware of significant
December 1983 73
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
numbers of other similar enterprises that accept haz-
ardous wastes for disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Businesses, Directories, Acquisition, Processing,
Classifications, States(United States), Materials recov-
ery, Facilities, Management, Methodology, Transpor-
tation, Services, Exclusion, 'Waste recycling.
PB-260 030
see price codes for individual reports
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971-76,open series
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follows: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This issue contains
abstracts 4549 - 4917. Other individual documents are
also available.
APABCA-1-2-1970. Vol. 1, No. 9,1970.1970,130p,
PC A07/MF A01 PB-262 91S/6
APABCA-1-7-1970. Vol. 1, No. 7,1970.1970,163p
PCAOS/MFA01 PB-262 919/4
APABCA-5-11 -1974. Vol. 5, No. 11, November
1974. Nov 74,263p, PC A12/MF A01 PB-262
920/2
APABCA-7-1 -1976. Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1976.
Jan 76,163p, PC A08/MF A01 PB-262 921/0
APABCA-7-2-1976. Vol. 7, No. 2, February 1976.
Feb76,121p,PCA06/MFA01 PB-262 922/8
APABCA-7-3-1976. Vol. 7, NO. 3, March 1976. Mar
76,202p,PCA10/MFA01 PB-262 923/6
APABCA-7-6a-1976. Vol. 7 No. 6a, June 1976. Jun
76,132p, PCA07/MFA01 PB-262 924/4
PB-262 974/9 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Algal Nutrient Availability and Limitation In Lake
Ontario During IFYGL. Part I. Available Phospho-
rus In Urban Runoff and Lake Ontario Tributary
Waters. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center for Environ-
mental Studies.
William F. Cowen, and G. Fred Lee. Oct 76,234p EPA/
600/3-76/0948
Contract EPA-R-800537-02
Samples of Madison urban runoff, precipitation from
Madison and New York State were analyzed for var-
ious forms of phosphorus to estimate the algal-availa-
ble fraction of each of these P forms. Urban runoff par-
tlculate P forms from Madison runoff showed acid ex-
tractable Inorganic P in the range of 33 to 46% of the
paniculate P. Ranges for the Crl(-) and for exchange
resin extractable inorganic P were 22 to 27 and 13 to
17% of paniculate P, respectively. Runoff from urban
areas in the Genesee R. basin (N.Y.) showed acid,
base, and resin extractable inorganic P in the ranges of
30 to 48,18 to 30 and 11 to 25% of paniculate?, re-
spectively, in general agreement with the Madison
samples. Inorganic P extracted from paniculate P by
resin in long-term aerobic dark incubations was similar
to that extracted by the resin in short-term tests, Indi-
cating that physical and chemical rather than microbial
mineralization processes were probably the key fac-
tors regulating the release of inorganic P from the
runoff panicles to the solution phase.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Runoff, 'Lake On-
tario, Inorganic phosphates, Particles, Sampling, Acid-
ify, Anion exchanging, Solubility, Growth, Availability,
Chemical reactions, Bioassay, Water treatment,
Genessee River, Tables(Data), Wisconsin, New York,
International Field Year for the Great Lakes,
MadlsonfWisconsin), Bioaccumulation, Selenastrum
capricomutum.
74 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-262 975/6 PC A13/MF A01
ORD Publications Summary, 1973-1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Sep 76,287p EPA/600/9-76/013C
See also PB-259 965.
This summary is a current listing of the Office of Re-
search and Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, ana interagency projects. Reports are
indexed by Title, Subject Area, Performing Organiza-
tion, Personal Author, Report Number, and Grant,
Contract, or Interagency Agreement Number to aid the
reader in identifying reports of interest. Instructions on
how to order copies of reports are on the inside of the
front cover.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Environments, Abstracts,
Technical reports, Information retrieval, Authors.
PB-262 977/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conservation Manufacturing Process Options.
Volume I. Industry Summary Report.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,75p EPA/600/7-76/034a
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
This report assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. It covers the follow-
ing 13 industries: iron and steel, petroleum refining,
pulp and paper, olefins, ammonia, aluminum, copper,
textiles, cement, glass, chlor-alkali, phosphorus and
phosphoric acid, and fertilizers all in terms of relative
economics and environmental/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Iron and steel in-
dustry, 'Petroleum industry, 'Paper industry, 'Chemi-
cal industry, 'Aluminum industry, 'Textile industry,
'Metal industry, 'Glass industry, Environmental im-
pacts, Phosphorus, Cements, Fertilizers, Wastes,
Technology innovation, Energy consumption, Air pollu-
tion control, Water pollution control, Solid waste dis-
posal, Industries, Industrial plants, 'Copper industry.
PB-262 976/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Summary of Information on Air Quality Networks
Around Large Point Sources. Final rept,
Systems Sciences, Inc., Chapel Hill, N.C.
Delbert D. Weers, and Mark G. Smith. Dec 76,97p
EPA/450/3-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-1898
This report presents a national summary of air quality
monitoring networks operated by large point sources.
The focus of the report is on five specific industries:
electric utilities, primary copper and lead smelting, pulp
and paper mills, oil refineries and sulfuric acid plants;
and five monitoring parameters: sulfur dioxide, nitro-
gen dioxide, particulates, sulfates and meteorology.
Summaries are reported on a national and EPA region-
al basis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Data
acquisition, Sources, Monitoring, Networks, Industrial
wastes, Electric power plants, Smelting, Paper indus-
try, Pulp mills, Sulfur dioxide, Particulates, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfates, Meteorology, Petroleum industry, Sul-
furic acid, Regions, Statistical data, 'Air quality mainte-
nance, Point sources, Summary statistics.
PB-262 979/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Treatment and Disposal of Complex Industrial
Wastes. Final rept. Sep 70-Feb 74,
Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., Tuscaloosa, Ala.
C. Schimmel, and D. B. Griffin. Nov 76,192p EPA/
600/2-76/123
Sponsored in part by Geological Survey of Alabama,
University, and Alabama State Oil and Gas Board, Uni-
versity.
The waste effluent from operation of the Tuscaloosa,
Alabama, plant of Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., results
from both batch and continuous operations, contains
both organic and inorganic wastes and varies both in
composition and concentration. This report describes
development of a bio-oxidation process which resulted
in a significant reduction in BODS and COD loading
and almost complete removal of phenols. Lack of reli-
ability ascribed to the bio process led to development
of an activated carbon adsorption process that has re-
sulted in the average removal of 90% of the COD,
75% of the BODS and over 99% of the phenol load in
the RCI process waste. Bio-oxidation should not be
overlooked for treating industrial wastes although its
usefulness is limited with respect to bacterial poisons,
such as phenol, and by ambient temperature changes
that result in variable biological activity.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Chemical industry,
Concentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Pilot plants, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Phenols, Plant layout, Effluents, Carbon,
Adsorption, Cost estimates, Performance evaluation.
Operating costs, Furnaces, Modifications, Coagula-
tion, Oxidation, Tables(Data).
PB-262 993/9 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie,
Mich. Large Lakes Research Station.
Biological, Chemical and Physical Relationships In
the Straits of Macklnac. Final rept. 1 Jul 73-30 Sep
74,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Claire L. Schelske, Eugene F. Stoermer, John E.
Gannon, and Mila S. Simmons. Oct 76,283p EPA/
600/3-76/095
Grant EPA-R-802721
Three cruises were conducted from August to October
1973 in the vicinity of the Straits of Mackinac. Environ-
mental conditions were influenced by the net transport
of water from Lake Michigan to Lake Huron, the oscil-
latory flow of water produced by seiches between the
two lakes and the hypolimnetic transport of water from
Lake Huron to Lake Michigan during periods of thermal
stratification. Different water masses resulted from the
mixing of waters from Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and
Lake Superior and were identified from single param-
eters, particularly silica, nitrate, pH, temperature and
specific conductance, from cluster analysis of chemi-
cal and physical parameters and from ordination analy-
ses of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Stratification, 'Mackinac
Straits, Surveys, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Silicon diox-
ide, Chlorophylls, pH, Primary biological productivity,
Tables(Data), Thermocllnes, Conductivity, Phytoplank-
ton, Zooplankton, Algae, Distribution(Property), Abun-
dance, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, 'Eutrophication,
'Water quality data.
PB-262 995/4 PC A02/MF A01
Format for Acquiring Rapid Data Analysis Capa-
bilities of STORET Data: Manipulation of National
Eutrophlcatlon Survey Water Quality Data. Interim
rept. 1972-1976,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
J. D. Bliss, M. J. Friedland, and J. Hodson. Nov 76,20p
EPA/600/4-76/057
As an Integral part of the National Eutrophication
Survey, a program initiated in 1972 to Investigate the
threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater
lakes and reservoirs, the Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, the collected
water quality information from selected lakes through-
out the contiguous United States. Water quality data
are categorized and stored using a U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency central computer-oriented system,
STORET (Storage and RETrieval). A need for raw
data conversions in STORET to some other accessi-
ble form was recognized. A job control language pack-
age, 'STORET.TO.WYLBUR.' was written for conver-
sion of raw data in STORET into a standardized format
for statistical evaluation and manipulation of Survey
data.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Data retrieval, Computer
programming, Data processing, Data storage, Lakes,
Reservoirs, Water quality management, Programming
languages, Computer programs, Environmental sur-
veys, Data acquisition, Conversion, Store! system,
•Eutrophication, Storet.to.Wylbur computer program.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-263 006/9 PC A03/MF A01
Considerations Relating to Toxic Substances In
the Application of Municipal Sludge to Cropland
and Pastureland (A Background Summary). Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Frank D. Kover. Nov 76,30p EPA/560/8/76/004
This report presents background Information pertinent
to an assessment of the potential health hazards from
toxic substances when disposing/utilizing municipal
sludge on agricultural lands, particularly croplands and
pasturelands where products enter the human food
chain.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Farm crops, "Toxicity,
Metals, Trace elements, Cadmium, Biphenyls,
Conoentration(Composition), Lead(Metal),
Mercury(Metal), Chlorine aromatic compounds, Plant
h, Vegetables, Food chains, Biphenyl/chloro,
PB-263 009/3 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Atmospheric Turbidity and Precipitation Chemis-
try Data for the World - 1973.
National Climatic Center, Ashevllle, N.C.
Sep 75,267p NOAA-76122011
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. and World Meteorological
Organization, Geneva (Switzerland).
This publication presents atmospheric turbidity compu-
tations for 1973 and the first compilation of contributed
world-wide Precipitation Chemistry Data covering the
years 1072 and 1973. Data are presented for 67 sta-
tions representing over 20 countries participating in
the monitoring of atmospheric turbidity levels. Each
country submitting precipitation chemistry data is re-
sponsible for the collection and analysis of its precipi-
tation samples and transmission of the data to EPA for
processing. Data tables are presented for 1972 and
1973 for 22 pollutants collected at 26 stations in 9
countries. The presentation encompasses additional
metals data from U.S. stations over and above those
parameters which were specifically requested by the
World Meteorological Organization. It is the aim of the
organization through this program to determine current
levels of atmospheric pollution, and more importantly,
to identify long-term trends in the concentration of sig-
nificant constituents which may affect the environment
sufficiently to induce climatic changes.
Keywords: *Precipltation(Meteorology), 'Atmospheric
composition, 'Air pollution, Aerosols, Metals, Atmos-
pheric disturbances, Climatic changes, Ions,
Tables(Data), Turbidity, Light transmission, Atmos-
pheric attenuation, 'Atmospheric turbidity, Global, Ba-
seline studies, Atmospheric transmissivlty.
PB-263 028/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Carbon Dioxide Laser System to Measure Oss-
eous Pollutants. Final rept. May 74-75,
General Electric Co., Pittsfield, Mass. Ordnance Sys-
tems.
«• J. Glllmeister, and L. R. Snowman. Jan 77,111 p
EPA/600/2-77/009
Contract EPA-68-02-1290
The report concerns the continuation of work in the de-
velopment of a gas laser system for air pollution moni-
toring over long paths, a kilometer or more, using In-
frared absorption. Modifications to a bread-board
system for simultaneous detection of O3, NH3, C2H4
and the addition of beam steering optics to give the
system area monitoring capability are discussed. Op-
eration for a two month period in St. Louis In conjunc-
tion with the RAPS program is also discussed. During
mis period O3 and NH3 were monitored at Site 103 In
HAMS. Data comparing system performance with that
of conventional monitors is presented along with the
results of problem investigations.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, Carbon diox-
Kto lasers, Chemical analysis, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field .tests, Spectrum analysis, In-
"ared spectra, Remote sensing, Measuring instru-
ments, Monitors, Trace elements, Ozone, Ammonia,
Ethylene, 'Air pollution detection, 'Long path infrared
•Pectroscopy, Saint LouMMissourl).
PB-263 030/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of Workshop on Microorganisms In
Urban Stormwater Held at Edison, New Jersey, on
March 24,1975,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, Vincent P. Olivieri, Ernst M. Davis,
James E. Smith, and Edwin C. Tifft, Jr. Nov 76,132p
EPA/600/2-76/244
Grants EPA-S-802433, EPA-R-802709
Sponsored in part by Grant EPA-S-802400. Prepared
in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore,
Md., Texas Univ. at Houston, and Syracuse Univ., N.Y.
This workshop was held on March 29, 1975 at the
USEPA Office, Edison, New Jersey. The aim was to
exchange information obtained from USEPA Office of
Research and Development, Storm and Combined
Sewer Program sponsored projects so as to foster a
better understanding of microorganisms In urban
storm runoff and combined sewer overflow. The work-
shop emphasis was placed on the following aspects:
Procedures for pathogenic microorganism assays; re-
lationship between pathogenic and coliform group mi-
croorganisms; disinfection and aftergrowth ofmicroor-
ganisms; and viruses in Stormwater.
Keywords: 'Sewage, 'Surface water runoff, 'Microor-
ganisms, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings, Coliform bacte-
ria, Viruses, Disinfection, Storm sewers, Urban areas,
Sewage treatment, Strainers, Salmonella, Streptococ-
cus, Pseudomonas, Bioassay, Tables(Data), Storm
water runoff.
PB-263 032/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Demonstration of Void Space Storage with Treat-
ment and Flow Regulation. Final rept. Jan 74-Jan
76.
Rohrer (Karl R.) Associates, Inc., Akron, Ohio.
Dec 76,128p EPA/600/2-76/272
The purpose of this project was to demonstrate and
evaluate the feasibility of an underground void space
storage tank, in containing and regulating storm over-
flows from a combined sewer thus reducing the pollu-
tion loads discharged to the receiving water body.
System design, construction, and two years operation
were conducted under the study. The prototype facility
was constructed In Akron, Ohio with a combined sewer
drainage area of 76.3 hectare (188.5 acres). The tank
is of an excavated hopper shape, lined with an imper-
meable membrane and filled with an inert media. Stor-
age of the waste water is in the void space of the
media. After the storm event, the stored Stormwater
was gravity fed into the Interceptor sewer for subse-
quent treatment. The underground facility was a dual
usage concept. In addition to collecting, chlorinating,
and detaining potential combined sewer overflows, the
facility's top surface could be made usable as a park or
recreational grounds.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Combined sewers,
'Water pollution control, 'Overflows, Storage tanks,
Runoff, Waste water, Flow regulators, Prototypes,
Drainage, Chlorination, Clarification, Construction, Per-
formance evaluation, Construction costs, Ohio.
PB-263 053/1 PC A04/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Meteorology Lab.
Scavenging of Pollutants by Marine Aerosols.
Final rept,
Atmospheric Research Group, Altadena, Calif.
William D. Green, Thomas M. Mills, and Pamela S.
McMurry. 9 Aug 74,63p ARG-74-R-1198
Grant R01-AP-01246
The approach in this study was twofold. By using the
Los Angeles basin as an acknowledged source of oxi-
dants, fine pollution participates and oxides of nitro-
gen, It was possible to study certain extremes in the in-
teraction between these elements of the continental
air mass and the local coastal marine environment.
Secondly, by selecting the proper meteorological con-
ditions for persistent onshore wind flow, it was poten-
tially possible to observe a nearly pure marine aerosol
which could be used as a reference or baseline for
other measurements along the southern California
coast.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Ocean environ-
ments, Particles, Air water interactions, Measurement,
Chlorides, Humidity, Sampling, Nitrogen dioxide, Diur-
nal variations, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Cornposition), Wind velocity, Sea
states, California, El Segundo(California), 'Air quality
data.
PB-263 132/3 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Fabric Filtration Studies: 3. Performance of
Filter Bags Made from Expanded PTFE Laminate.
Final rept. Oct 74-Oct 75,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert P. Donovan, Bobby E. Daniel, and James H.
Turner, Dec 76, 53p IERL-RTP-233, EPA/600/2-76/
168c
Prepared In cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C. See also report dated
Jun76,PB-258025.
The report, third in an EPA Fabric Filtration series,
gives results of an evaluation of fabric filters made of
an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film sup-
ported on a woven Nomex scrim-the Gore Tex/
Nomex fabric. Filtration efficiency was very high and
other performance parameters (drag and effective
cake resistance), acceptable. The one fabric bag
tested for endurance failed prematurely near the bag
cuff; even so, it gave evidence of acceptable bag life.
Because of the small fiber dimensions and spacings of
the PTFE film, the dominant mechanism for particle re-
moval appears to be sieving. This mechanism is not
usually the dominant filtering mechanism for fabric fil-
ters; consequently, the Gore Tex/Nomex fabric exhib-
its some properties that are different from those of
other fabrics evaluated in this series. The most Impor-
tant difference is in the role of the dust cake which, for
the system reported here, is not a major factor in deter-
mining efficiency. Filtration efficiency is as good or
better with little or no dust cake on the filter (such as at
the beginning of a filtration cycle) than it is after a cake
has had a chance to form (such as at the end of the fil-
tration cycle). Thick dust cakes were simply not seen
on this fabric, however. This conclusion applies only to
the flyash used in these experiments. Finer dusts may
behave differently.
Keywords: *Alr filters, 'Air pollution control equipment,
'Woven fabrics, Tetrafluoroethylene resins, .Flyash,
Dust filters, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Poly-
ethylene fibers, Particles, Cellular plastics, 'Fabric fil-
ters, Baghouses, Gore Tex/Normex fabrics.
PB-263 134/9 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Physical-Chemical Treatment of a Municipal
Wastewater Using Powdered Carbon. No. II,
Envirotech Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah. Eimco BSP Div.
Don E. Burns, Richard N. Wallace, and Darrell J. Cook.
Nov 76,349p EPA/600/2-76/235
Contract EPA-68-01 -0183
See also report dated Aug 73, PB-224 494.
Salt Lake City municipal wastewater was treated in a
nominal 100 gpm pilot plant by chemical coagulation-
precipitation, powdered activated carbon adsorption
and granular media filtration. Chemical-primary sludge
was gravity thickened and vacuum filter dewatered.
Spent carbon was gravity thickened, vacuum filter
dewatered and thermally regenerated In a fluidized
bed furnace. Solids-contact units were used for chemi-
cal treatment and carbon contacting. Soluble organic
materials were found to be removed by a combination
of chemical coagulation, anaerobic biological activity
and adsorption on powdered carbon. Spent powdered
carbon was effectively regenerated with an average
fixed carbon recovery of 90 percent. Lime and alum-
primary sludges were effectively dewatered by vacuum
filtration. A high quality effluent was consistently pro-
duced, similar to that expected for conventional bio-
logical treatment followed by tertiary treatment for
phosphorus and suspended solids removal.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, Municipalities, Pilot plants, Coagulation, Dewa-
tering, Anaerobic processes, Adsorption, Calcium
oxides, Alums, Phosphorus, Vacuum filtration,
Regeneratlon(Englneering), Design, Performance,
•Physical chemical treatment, Salt Lake City(Utah).
December 1983 75
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-263 135/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Environmental Noise Asseument, Lawton, Okla-
homa. Final rept.,
Lawton Planning Dept., Okla.
Robert M. LaBreche, and Michael L. Mendias. Apr 76,
167p EPA/906/9-76/002
See also report dated 4 Apr 74, PB-239 120.
Using a simple methodology employing inexpensive
equipment as described in this report, Lawton, Oklaho-
ma, assessed environmental noise levels in their com-
munity during the summer of 1975. They measured
equivalent sound levels at eleven sites within the city
and identified major sources of noise. The results
showed only two areas in Lawton with probable ad-
verse noise impacts, both in the vicinity of local air-
fields. Small aircraft, automobiles, and helicopters
were the most prevalent sources of intrusive environ-
mental noises. Jet aircraft were the most intense.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, * Noise pollution, Noise re-
duction, Acoustic measurement, Lqudness, Airports,
Sound pressure, Jet aircraft, Intensity, Aircraft noise,
Helicopters, Oklahoma, Lawton(Oklahoma), Noise
pollution abatement, Local studies.
PB-263 183/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Michigan Tributary Loadings to the Upper Great
Lake*. Final rept. Jul 73-Jun 75,
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing.
Thomas A. Newell, and Stephen G. Buda. 23 Jul 76,
36p EPA/905/4-75/001
Contract EPA-68-01-1899
The State of Michigan participated in the International
Joint Commission's Upper Lakes Reference Group
(IJC-ULRG Work Group C) study of Lake Huron and
Lake Superior tributaries. During a two year period,
thirty-three of the major tributaries to Lakes Superior
and Huron were sampled. This sampling program was
designed to provide tributary water quality and con-
stituent loading data to the ULRG as part of their study
of these two lakes. The purpose of this report is to de-
scribe Michigan's activities in this project and to sum-
marize the resultant data and constituent loadings. A
listing of the parameters sampled and their related fre-
quency is given.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, 'Streams,
Surveys, Runoff, Stream flow, Alkalinity, Metals, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Phenols, Oils, Pesticides, Biphenyl, Inorganic sulfates,
Lake Huron, Lake Superior, TabteetData), Michigan,
Tributaries, Water quality data. Organic loading.
PB-263 210/7 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Economic Aaaeeament of Potential Hazardous
Wast* Control Guideline* for the Inorganic
Chemical* Industry. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, Mass.
R. Williams. R. Shamel, K. Haltock, B. Stangie, and S.
Blair. Oct 76.320p* EPA/530/SW-134C
Contract EPA-68-01-3269
An analysis of the economic impact of potential haz-
ardous waste management regulations upon inorganic
chemicals was performed based on hazardous waste
management cost data supplied by the EPA. The inor-
ganic chemicals included chlorine and caustic soda,
hydrofluoric acid, elemental phosphorus, sodium di-
chromate, titanium dioxide, aluminum fluoride, chrome
pigments, nickel sutfate, phosphorus pentasutfkJe,
phosphorus trichloride, and sodium siHcofluoride. A
methodology was developed to systematically judge
the broader economic effects on these chemicals, re-
sulting from applications of hazardous waste manage-
ment control, first by assessing the likelihood that
management costs would be defrayed through price
increases, and secondly, If price increases were not
likely, the likelihood that plant closures would occur.
Baaed on this approach, it was concluded that onty hy-
drofluoric add appears to be susceptible to plant shut-
down* «s a result of hazardous waste management
control costs.
Keywords: 'Inorganic compounds, 'Hazardous mate-
rial, 'Chemical industry. Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Economic analysis, Chlorine, Sodium hydrox-
ide, Management control reports, Chlorine inorganic
compounds, Phosphorus sulfides, Hydrofluoric acid,
Phosphorus, Sodium dichromate, Titanium dioxide,
Aluminum halides, Nickel sulfates, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Phosphoryl chloride.
PB-263 258/6 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Environmental Effects on Microphones of Various
Construction*. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Gale R. Hruska, Edward B. Magrab, and William B.
Penzes. Jan 77,5p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
Pub. in J. Acoust. Soc. Am., v61 n1 p206-210 Jan 77.
The pressure sensitivities of two 1/2-in. electret, two
1-in. ceramic, and two backvented 1-in. condenser mi-
crophones were measured for numerous combinations
of temperature, percentage relative humidity, and fre-
quency. The two condenser microphones were cali-
brated by the reciprocity technique at each combina-
tion of temperature, relative humidity, and frequency.
The condenser microphones were then used as cali-
brated sources to determine the pressure sensitivities
of the other microphones. Insert voltage techniques
were used to eliminate the environmental effects on
the electronics. It was found that the back-vented con-
denser microphones are insensitive to changes in rela-
tive humidity. At frequencies considerably below their
resonance frequencies they exhibited only a very small
change in sensitivity with temperature. At frequencies
closer to the resonance frequency the temperature co-
efficient increases approximately fourfold. The tem-
perature and humidity coefficient for the electret and
ceramic microphones could not be determined due to
the instability in their sensitivities which produced
changes that were larger than those induced by the
temperature and humidities.
Keywords: 'Microphones, Sensitivity, Calibrating,
Pressure, Capacitors, Ceramics, Electrets, Tempera-
ture, Humidity, Environmental tests, Reprints.
PB-263 292/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Cottage Farm Combined Sawar Detention and
Chtorination Station, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Final rept May 71-Jun 74.
Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission,
Boston.
Fob 77,116p EPA/600/2-77/046
The Cottage Farm Detention and Chlorinatlon Station
was placed in operation by the Metropolitan District
Commission on April 29,1971. The station, located In
Cambridge, Massachusetts, diverts and treats com-
bined sewage (lows from the Charles River Valley
sewer system (15,600 acres) which exceed the capac-
ity of the trunk sewer to the Deer Island Treatment
Plant. A maximum of 233.1 million gallons per day of
excess combined sewage may be diverted to the sta-
tion. The Cottage Farm Station, together with the
North and South Charles Relief Sewers, collects and
treats by screening, skimming, Chlorinatlon and set-
tfinjj all flows up to the magnitude of the five-year
design storm. Flows up to 1.3 million gallons (MG) are
entirely contained in the six detention tanks (1.2 MG)
and wet well (0.1 MG) and are fed back to the sewer
system as downstream capacity becomes available.
The Cottage Farm Station has achieved significant re-
movals of suspended solids (estimated 45% overall
removal), coliform bacteria (99.9% removal), settlea-
ble solids (69%) and biochemical oxygen demand
(42%) at an estimated cost of $293 per million gallons
treated.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers,
•Chlorinatlon, Disinfection, Storm sewers, Overflows,
Remote control, Waste water, Hydraulics, Skimming,
Selection, Settling, Hydrology, Coliform bacteria,
Solids, Biochemical oxygen demand, Cost estimates,
Charles River Valley, Photographs, Tables(Data), Mas-
sachusetts, 'Water quality data,
Cambridge(MassachusetU).
PB-263 346/S PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Mathematical Modeling of Simulated Photochemi-
cal Smog. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 76,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, Calif.
G. 2. Whitten, and H. Hogo. Jan 77,307p EPA/600/3-
77/011
Contract EPA-68-02-0580
See also PB-246122.
This report deals with the continuing effort to develop
a chemical kinetic mechanism to describe the forma-
tion of photochemical smog. Using the technique of
computer modeling to simulate smog chamber data,
several explicit kinetic mechanisms for specific hydro-
carbons were analyzed and a generalized kinetic
mechanism was proposed for use in dynamic urban
airshed models. Computer simulations of propylene/
NOx, butane/NOx, 1-butene/NOx, and propytene/
butane/NOx systems were performed to simulate the
smog chamber data collected by the University of Call-
new carbon-bond mechanism were also compared
with the smog chamber data on the propylene/NOx,
butane/NOx, propylene/butane/NOx, and toluene/
NOx systems. The usefulness and validity of the com-
puter modeling Is also discussed relative to the current
understanding of the smog formation process. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Mathematical models, 'Smog, 'Air pollution,
Environmental simulators, Computerized simulation,
Test chambers, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Free
radicals, Aerosols, Inorganic compounds, Organic
compounds, Concentrat(ons(Composition), Chemical
bonds, Photolysis, Chemical reactions, Graphic meth-
ods, Tables(Data), Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Hydroxyl radicals.
PB-263 396/4 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Municipal-Scale Thermal Processing of BOM
Wastes. Final rept.,
Recon Systems, Inc., Princeton, N.J.
Norman J. Weinsteln. 1977,365p' EPA/530/SW-
133c
Contract EPA-68-03-0293
The report describes the state of the art for the thermal
processing of solid waste. Subjects covered include:
costs, site selection, plant design, utilities, weighing.
handling, furnace design, energy recovery, pyrorysis,
instrumentation, air pollution control, acceptance eval-
uation, operation and maintenance.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Combustion, 'In-
cinerators, 'Pyrolysls, Refuse disposal, Reclamation,
Steam generation, Fuels, Materials recovery, Design,
Cost estimates, Site surveys, Management planning,
Materials handling. Monitors, Air pollution control, Ef-
fluents, Electric power plants, Refuse derived fuels.
Waste recycling.
PB-263 421/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Region III.
Wind Tunnel Modeling Study of the D**per**on of
Sulfur Dioxide In Southern Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania. Final rept,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
G. R. Ludwlg, and G. T. Skinner. Dec 76,160p EPA/
903/9-75/019
This report presents the results of a wind tunnel model
study to determine the ground level SO2 concentra-
tions In the Clairton Area of Allegheny County, pro-
duced by emissions from ttationary sources within the
area. The study was designed to provide data under
flow conditions which correspond roughly to those
which prevailed during an air pollution episode at Lib-
erty Burough, Clairton In January 1973. The inventory
of emission sources used in the tests correspond to
the estimated 1973 full-scale Inventory for 49 source*
which were located within the confines ol the modeled
area. The test program Included flow visualization
studies and quantitative measurement* of ground-
level concentration* of a tracer gas from which M-
scale SO2 concentration* could be calculated. The
concentration level measurements were performed W
four wind direction*. At each wind direction, three wind
speed* were studied with neutrally stable flow, and for
76 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
one of these a temperature Inversion condition was
also tested. The report presents details of the model
scaling laws, the test facilities, the model, test proce-
dures, and the experimental results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Wind tun-
nels, 'Model tests, 'Atmospheric motion,
ConcentratlonfComposition), Sources, Inventories,
Temperature, Gases, Wind direction, Maps, Flow visu-
alization, Wind velocity, Temperature inversions, Test
facilities, Experimental data, Terrain, Pennsylvania, Al-
legheny County(Pennsylvanla), Tracer studies.
PB-263 449/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
TVA's 1-MW Pilot Plant: Vertical Duct Mitt Elimina-
tion TMtlng. Progress rept. Jun-Dec 75,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power Re-
search Staff.
G. A. Holllnden, R. F. Robards, N. D. Moore, T. M.
Ketoo, and R. M. Cole. Oct 76, 32p PRS-14, EPA/600/
7-76/021
Prepared In cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Office of Agricultural and
Chemical Development.
The report reviews (for both the lime and limestone
systems) the systematic test program which devel-
oped recent TVA-demonstrated washing techniques
that maintain continuous mist eliminator performance
'or lime/limestone closed-loop scrubbing systems at
JVA's 1-MW pilot plant at the Colbert power plant.
Continuous operation of the chevron-type mist elimlna-
for, positioned horizontally in a vertical duct, In the
limestone system was maintained (after extensive
testing) by washing the bottom of the mist eliminator
intermittently with all the available clarified liquor, Im-
mediately followed by an allocated amount of the al-
lowable makeup water. The top of the mist eliminator
**s washed intermittently with the remaining alloca-
tion of allowable makeup water. Continuous mist elimi-
nator performance In the lime system was maintained
PV washing the bottom of the mist eliminator Intermit-
tently with an allocated amount of allowable makeup
water. The remainder of the allocated makeup water
*as used to wash the top of the mist eliminator Inter-
mittently.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Scrubbers, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Pilot plant*,
Combustion products, Performance evaluation, Proc-
?** charting, Design criteria, 'Limestone scrubbing,
Mist eliminators, Wet methods.
-3 463/3 PC A07/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, N.C.
5«*vey of Emissions Control and Combustion
IfHrtpmerrt Data In Industrial Process Heating.
Hf* rept. Jun 74-Nov 76,
£*titute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
??
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This Review Conference held September 17-18,1975
was to provide data on the Muskegon County, Michi-
gan Wastewater Treatment System. The operation of
a municipal-industrial collection system, an aeration
system, holding lagoons, and a spray irrigation system
are discussed. Principal investigators of the project
outline their progress from 1969-1975. Federal, State,
and local government agencies are represented as to
their views of the Wastewater Treatment System. Gov-
ernment officials, consultants and the academic com-
munity are asked for their views on research that they
can see is needed to enhance the value of the project,
and help to advance the status of the art in wastewater
treatment on land. The Conference discussed agricul-
tural engineering and agricultural management of
wastewater utilization, soil monitoring, groundwater
monitoring and plant uptake studies. Lake monitoring,
modeling and economic studies are included.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Irrigation, Meetings, Municipalities, Nutrients,
Aeration, Lagoons(Ponds), Spraying, Land use, Farm
crops, Models, Economic analysis, Reviews, National
government, Local government, Agriculture, Ground
water, Plant growth, Michigan, State government,
'Muskegon County(Michigan), 'Land disposal.
PB-263 557/1 PC A07/MF A01
Detroit Edison Co., Mich.
Chloride and Nitrogen Concentrations Along the
Weet Shore of Lake Erie. Thermal discharge series
interim rept. May 70-Jun 75,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
T. J. Ecker, and R. A. Cole. May 76,144p MSU-IWR-
TR-76-0032.8
Sponsored in part by Detroit Edison Co., Mich., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-251 209.
Chemical concentrations of chloride and selected ni-
trogen parameters were measured in the area near the
western shore of Lake Erie over the period of May,
1970 to June, 1975. Samples were taken at six sta-
tions in Lake Erie in the vicinity of the Detroit Edison
Monroe Power Plant as well as in the Raisin River and
the power plant discharge canal. The study began one
year before the power plant began operating and con-
tinued until full operation was reached. Chloride was
used as a conservative element to determine the rela-
tive contributions of the three major tributaries in the
study area, the Detroit, Maumee, and Raisin Rivers.
Changes in nitrogen parameter concentrations were
noted with respect to chloride concentrations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chlorides, 'Nitrogen,
'Lake Erie, Concentration(Composition), Runoff, Am-
monia, Watersheds, Electric power plants, Cooling
water, Graphs(Charts), Sampling, Sources, Maps,
Seasonal variations, Tables(Data), Michigan, 'Water
quality data.
PB-263 560/5 PC A05/MF A01
Analytical Methods for Trace Metals. Training
manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati. Ohio.
Jack Pfaff. Jan 76,76p EPA/430/1-76/002
This manual is designed for a course for chemists or
technicians of industrial or municipal treatment plants
who are required to perform analysis for trace metals.
Participants will learn theoretical concepts and will per-
form a variety of laboratory determinations. Topics will
include metal analysis by atomic absorption, flame
photometry and volumetric and colorimetrtc proce-
dures.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Metals, 'Water analysis,
Manuals, Waste water, Water pollution, Sewage, In-
dustrial water, Monitoring, Sampling, Experimental
design, Atomic spectroscopy, Absorption spectrum,
Spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Hardness tests, Mercury, Lead, Burners,
Fuels, Industrial wastes, Volumetric analysis, Chemical
analysis, Colorimetrtc analysis. Instructional materials,
'Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB-263 561/3 PC AOfl/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Tall Stacks and the Atmospheric Environment.
Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash.
Jeremy M. Hales. Mar 76,178p* EPA/450/3-76/007
Contract EPA-68-02-1982
The question of the effectiveness of tall stacks has
become an increasingly important subject for several
reasons, which are keyed strongly to the rapidly grow-
ing energy demands In the ITS. and abroad. This
report addresses this subject by presenting a review of
literature pertinent to tall stacks, and by assessing the
potential effects of their large-scale implementation. A
comprehensive annotated bibliography Is included as
an appendix to the report.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Reviews, 'Air quality, 'Air pol-
lution control, Industrial wastes, Plumes, Performance
evaluation, Coal, Fossil fuels, Combustion products,
Particles, Aerosols, Transport properties, Electric
power plants, Atmospheric composition, Design crite-
ria, Field tests, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Sulfur in-
organic compounds, Dry methods, Wet methods,
Coal-fired power plants, Fossil fuel fired power plants.
PB-263 574/6 PC A13/MF A01
Air Pollution Abstracts. Volume 5, Number 9, Sep-
tember 1974, Abstracts 38847-40153.
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Sep 74,283p APABCA-5(9)(1974)
Also pub. as ISSN-0027-5956. See also report dated
Aug74,PB-247207.
This periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, Its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Bibliographies, Periodicals,
Air pollution abatement, Sources, Control, Methodolo-
gy, Measurement, Atmospheric composition, Re-
search, Technology, Health, Environmental Impacts,
Economic factors, Social effect, Law enforcement,
Standards, Abstracts, Air quality maintenance, Air pol-
lution standards, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pol-
lution effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air
pollution effects(Materlals).
PB-263 579/5 PC A13/MF A01
Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents - Staff Guide,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Charles R. Feldmann. Nov 76,280p EPA/430/1-74/
011
This course is designed for the treatment plant opera-
tor or technician who is required to monitor effluent
discharges under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimi-
nation system (NPDES) Permit, and who had little or
no previous experience In wastewater analysis or flow
measurement. Parameters included in this course are
BODS, pH, Fecal Coliform, Residual Chlorine, Sus-
pended Solids, and Open Channel Flow.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Monitoring, 'Sewage, Water
pollution, Effluents, Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
waste water, Laboratory equipment, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Dissolved oxygen, pH, Hydrogen,
Ions, Concentratlon(Composltion), Chlorine, Sampling,
Flow measurement, Numerical analysis, Weirs, Mem-
branes, Coliform bacteria, Residues, Procedures, Solid
wastes, 'Water pollution detection, Fecal waste man-
agement.
PB-263 586/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Development of a Model Library Microform
Center,
Gary (Philip Jj and Associates, Marina del Rey, Calif.
Micrographic Systems Consulting Services.
Philip J. Gary. Aug 76, 56p EPA-LIB-76-10
This study identifies the many problem areas involved
in the use of microform and presents recommenda-
tions for dealing with them.
Keywords: 'Microfilm, 'Libraries, Workplace layout,
Film readers, Microfilm reader-printers, Information re-
trieval, Document storage, User needs.
PB-263 591/0 PC A14/MF A01
Indexed Bibliography of Office of Research and
Development Reports Updated to January 1975.
Bibliography rept. 1967-74,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Mar 75,302p* EPA/600/9-74/002 .
This bibliography is a current listing of the Office of Re-
search & Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, and interagency projects. Reports are
Indexed by title, program area (subject), performing or-
ganization, personal author, report number, and grant,
contract, or Interagency agreement number to aid the
reader in identifying reports of interest. Instructions on
how to order copies of reports are on the inside of the
front cover.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Bibliographies, 'Pollution, Na-
tional government, Organizations, Projects, Authors,
Subject indexing, Technical reports, Information re-
trieval, Development, Environmental impacts, Ecology,
Protection, Technology assessment, Air pollution
abatement, Water pollution abatement, Research and
development, Environmental protection.
PB-263 593/6 PC A12/MF A01
Air Pollution Abstracts. Volume 1, Number 9, Sup-
plement 1 (Reissue of Volume 1, Number 1 with
Subject and Author Indexes). Abstracts 3565-
4548. (NAPCA Abstract Bulletin).
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
1970,256p APABCA-1 (9)(1970)-Suppl-1
Reissue of rept. no. APABCA-1 (1)(1970). See also
Volume 1, No. 10, PB-261 518.
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This issue contains
abstracts 3665-4548.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Periodicals, Abstracts, An-
nouncement bulletins.
PB-263 596/9 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Hanover Park Tertiary Studies. Rnal rept. Jan 71-
Jan 72,
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, III.
D. R. Zenz, E. Bogusch, C. Lue-Hing, and A. W.
Obayashl. Dec 76,44p EPA/600/2-76/264
Contract DI-92-01-68
During a one year study, four tertiary treatment units
were tested and evaluated. Three of the units were
deep-bed filters which were used to treat secondary
plant effluent. The types of filters used were: (1) an
upflow filter with a sand media, (2) a downflow gravity
filter with mixed-media consisting of anthracite, sand,
and garnet, and (3) a downflow pressure filter utilizing
dual-media of anthracite and sand. The fourth unit was
a continuous flow ion exchanger that employed act-
78 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vated alumina to remove phosphate from micro-
screened secondary effluent. The filtration studies in-
dicate that comparable effluents were produced by all
three filters with filtration rates from 2-6 gpm/sq ft.
Filter effluents generally contained about 4-7 mg/l sus-
pended solids in the above flow range. The results of
the ion exchange study indicated that sodium hydrox-
ide successfully regenerated an exhausted activated
alumina bed. In a 9-hour test, the Ion exchange column
removed 73% of the influent phosphorus, using 0.4N
sodium hydroxide as the regenerant.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Filtration, Perform-
ance evaluation, Ion exchanging, Phosphorus, Sand
filters, Anthracite, Garnets, Pressure, Ion exchangers,
Aluminum oxide, Sodium hydroxide, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Diagrams, Illinois, "Tertiary treat-
ment, Suspended solids, 'Hanover Park sewage treat-
ment plant, Chicago(llllnols).
PB-263 597/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
UM of Climatic Data In Estimating Storage Day*
for Soil* Treatment System*. Final rept. Apr 75-Jul
'6,
National Climatic Center, Ashevllle, N.C.
Dick M. Whiting. Nov 76, 98p EPA/600/2-76-250
Computer programs have been developed to estimate
storage needs for Soil Treatment Systems from analy-
ses of daily climatological data. One program uses a
set of thresholds for temperature, precipitation and/or
snow depth to estimate storage needs in colder re-
gions. A second program Is designed for use in high
rainfall regions where saturated soil, rather than
severe weather, is the limiting condition. Climatological
aata for a 20- to 25-year period is examined for each
case to produce a summary table. This table presents
'ne mean, the standard deviation, the unbiased third
moment about the mean, the coefficient of skewness
and storage days for recurrence Intervals of 5, 10, 25,
and 50 years.
Keywords: 'Climatology, 'Soils, 'Water storage, Esti-
mating, Climate, Temperature,
preciphatlon(Meteorology), Rainfall, Snow, Cold
weather operations, Seasonal variations,
Tables(Data), fl_and application.
PB-283 610/8 PC A04/MF A01
gobert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
of Sediment*, Nutrient*, and Adsorbed
In Surface Irrigation Return Flow*. Final
.,
Agricultural Research Service, Klmberly, Idaho. Snake
niver Conservation Research Center.
David L Carter, and James A. Bondurant. Oct 76, 63p
EPA/600/2-76-237
Jh« technology available for the control of sediments,
nutrients, an S adsorbed btocldes in surface Irrigation
return flows has been reviewed and evaluated. Some
J* tWs technology could be applied Immediately to
jwluce sediment and associated nutrient and biocide
concentrations in surface irrigation return flows. The
Jjctors controlling erosion and subsequent sediment
concentrations in surface irrigation return flows, and
yow these factors can be managed to reduce erosion
<«na sediment concentrations are reviewed and dls-
°"w«d. Three approaches (1) eliminating surface
. (2) reducing or eliminating erosion, and (3) re-
sediments and associated nutrients and bto-
om surface irrigation return flows, and control
"Wasures for each approach are discussed. Research
?na demonstration needs for Improving and develop-
'"8 "•* control technology are presented. These In-
«w? ^mutation modeling of known erosion param-
•J*». the development of Improved Irrigation systems
«nd methods, the design of Improved Irrigation water
"wmoutton systems, and field management practices.
s: 'Water pollution control, 'Pesticides, 'Sur-
Irrigation, Nutrients, Sediments, Btockte*. Soil
?80"' Control equipment, Surface water
J Erosion control, Mathematical models. Smula-
^•"••kin criteria, Leaching, Water distribution, Man-
•Wment. Water flow, 'Return flow.
. PC A04/MF A01
nmental Research Lab., Research Trt-
Natlonal Dust Collector Model 850 Variable Rod
Module Venturl Scrubber Evaluation. Final rept.
Aug 75-Aug 76,
AirPollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, Harry F. Barbarika, and Charles F.
Lake. Dec 76,63p EPA/600/2-76/282
Contract EPA-68-02-1869
The report gives results of a measurement of the per-
formance of a National Dust Collector Model 850 vari-
able rod module venturi scrubber at an industrial Instal-
lation. Fine particle collection efficiency as a function
of particle size was computed from the data collected.
The scrubber tower was operated at 1010 std cu
meters/min at 35 C with a total pressure drop of 224
cm (88 in.) W.C. with a pressure drop across the ven-
turi module of 178 cm (70 in.) W.C. The emission
source was an iron cupola which processes both duc-
tile and gray iron, with the latter producing a higher
grain loading. The ductile iron source particulates had
a mass mean diameter range of 0.25-0.84 microme-
ters A (aerodynamic particle diameter) with a standard
deviation range of 1.5-2.0. The gray iron source partic-
ulates had a mass mean diameter range of 0.54-1.9
micrometers A with a standard deviation range of 1.5-
1.8. The overall average collection efficiency for duc-
tile iron melting was 98.7%. For gray iron melting, the
average collection efficiency was also 98.7% even
though the cupola emission was lower for ductile iron.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Dust col-
lectors, Scrubbers, Particle size, Performance evalua-
tion, Economics, Cost estimates, Mathematical
models, Numerical analysis, Impactors, Iron and steel
industry, Efficiency, Operating costs, 'Venturi scrub-
bers, Cascade impactors.
PB-263 623/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Procedure* for Cascade Impactor Calibration and
Operation In Process Stream*. Final rept. Dec 75-
Sep76,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
D. Bruce Harris. Jan 77,123p IERL-RTP-236, EPA/
600/2-77/004
The report Is an outgrowth of discussions by members
of a working group of EPA/IERL-RTP personnel, con-
tractors, and Independent experts who met to develop
uniform procedures for the field use of intertlal impac-
tors to determine particle size distributions from indus-
trial paniculate sources. It is intended to promote indi-
vidual tests of similar quality so that valid comparisons
can be made. Procedures for measuring particle size
which have yielded valid data In stationary sources are
presented based on laboratory and field experience.
Following these methods should help the users of cas-
cade Impactors to obtain the Information desired. The
report discusses the preliminary survey, the sampling
apparatus, testing procedures, data analysis, calibra-
tion procedures, quality assurance, and reporting re-
quirements. The information applies to cascade im-
pactors in general. Specific commercial impactors are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Calibrating, 'Air pollution control, Field
tests, Laboratory equipment, Particle size, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Tests, Flow
measurement, Design criteria, Impactors, Data analy-
sis, Quality assurance, Substrates, Filters,
ConcentrattonlComposltton), Aerosols, Efficiency,
Procedures, Air pollution detection, 'Cascade impac-
tors.
PB-263 827/2 PC AW/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Development of the Weetvaeo Activated Carbon
ProeeM for SOx Recovery a* Elemental Sulfur.
Volume II. Appendix. Final rept. Jan 71-Jun 74,
Westvaco Corp., North Charleston, S.C. Charleston
Q. Nelson Brown,' Cart M. Reed, Albert J. Replk,
Robert L Stalling*, and Samuel L. Torrence. May 76,
8S9p EPA/600/2-76/135b
Contract EPA-68-02-0003
The report gives results (A a demonstration (In a
aooOOHBfh Integral P«ot plant) of an all-dry, fluldlzed-
bed process, using activated carbon for recovering
SO2 as elemental sulfur. Granular carbon was recy-
cled continuously more than 20 times between contact
with flue gas from an oil-fired boiler and carbon regen-
eration to recover sulfur. During the 315-hour run,
carbon performance remained high with essentially no
chemical and low mechanical losses. Over 90% of the
2000 ppm SOx was removed from the flue gas as sul-
furic acid by catalytic oxidation and subsequent hy-
drolysis within the carbon granule. In the two-step re-
generation: (1) the acid was converted to elemental
sulfur at 300F with internally produced H2S, and (2) an
external source of hydrogen at 1000F was used to
thermally strip the by-product sulfur from the carbon
and produce the required H2S by reaction with the re-
maining sulfur on carbon. Sufficient process and
design information was developed from data obtained
in the integral run and prior stepwise pilot equipment
operation to permit scale-up to a 15-MW prototype for
a coal-fired boiler. In the preliminary design, reducing
gas is produced in a coal gasifier. An economic as-
sessment of a 1000-MW conceptual design for the
process indicates capital and operating costs competi-
tive with those of other regenerable systems. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Fluidized bed processing,
Sulfur, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Regeneration(Engineering), Design criteria, Cost esti-
mates, Plant layout, Tables(Dataj, Sulfuric acid, Elec-
tric power plants, Concentration(Composttion), 'West-
vaco process, 'Waste gas recovery, Dry methods,
Coal fired boilers, Dry methods.
PB-263 652/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Aerosol Sampling and Analysis, Phoenix, Arizona.
Final rept. Nov 75-Jun 76,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, III.
Jean Graf, Richard H. Snow, and Ronald G. Draftz.
Feb 77,148p EPA/600/3-77/015
Contract EPA-68-01-3163, Grant EPA-R-803078
An atmospheric sampling program was carried out in
the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area In No-
vember, 1975. Objectives of the study were to meas-
ure aerosol mass flux through Phoenix and to charac-
terize the aerosol according to particle type and size.
The ultimate goal of the study was to determine wheth-
er the high mass loadings of suspended particles re-
corded for Phoenix are due to human activities within
the Phoenix area or to long range transport from the
surrounding deserts. Microscopic and chemical analy-
ses of collected aerosol samples determined that min-
erals are the primary components of the Phoenix aero-
sol. The three mineral types that compose the bulk of
the mass are the primary soil components in and
around Phoenix and are also the primary components
of the aggregate in the asphalt streets in Phoenix.
Automobile-related particles ranged from 5% of the
sample mass in outlying areas to as much as 50% In
the central city on some sampling dates. These parti-
cles consisted of tailpipe emissions and rubber tire
fragments and correlated with the presence of lead
and bromine in the samples. The highest concentra-
tions of automobile-related particles were found In pe-
riods of Inversion at night and in the morning.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, *Concentratk>n(Compositton),
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Automobile engines,
Particles, Sampling, Transport properties, Particle size,
Sites, Field tests, Exhaust emissions, X ray fluores-
cence, X ray analysis, 'Air pollution sampling,
Phoenix(Arizona).
PB-263 663/8 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Development of a' Hydrophoblc Substance to Miti-
gate Pavement Ice Adhesion.
Ball Bros. Research Corp., Boulder, Colo.
G. H. Ahlborn, and H. C. Poehlmann, Jr. Dec 76,218p
EPA/600/2-76/242
Contract EPA-68-03-0359
Sponsored In part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Edison, N.J. Storm and Combined Sewer
Section.
The specific problem to which this report is addressed
Is the development of a hydrophobia substance to miti-
gate the adhesion of Ice to pavement as an alternative
to delclng chemicals. The factors involved In evaluat-
ing this concept are the following: Economics; safety,
environmental Impact; coating effectiveness; potential
December 1983 79
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pavement damage. As a result of this program, two
coating formulations (exact formulae are given in
Chapter 5 of this report), have been identified as show-
ing considerable promise as semi-permanent, hydro-
phobic, road coatings with reduced ice adhesion. They
are: A modified (no pigment) Federal Specification TI-
P-USD traffic paint containing a room-temperature-
curing silicone rubber (Dow Corning DC732) as a re-
lease agent; and a silicone resin waterproofing com-
pound (Dow Corning DRI-SIL-73) combined with the
same silicone rubber as above. One major achieve-
ment in this program was the discovery of a method for
stabilizing the highly reactive silicone rubber in a fluid
solution for spraying.
Keywords: 'Deicers, 'Highways, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Waterproof coatings, Silicone coatings,
Stabilization, Performance tests, Wear, Pavements,
Economic analysis, Bridge decks.
PB-263 660/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
°ark, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Emission Factor Development for Leal Burning.
Final rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Ellis F. Darley. Dec 76,43p EPA/450/3-76/044
Contract EPA-5-02-6876
This report describes the methodology used to devel-
op emission factors for participates, carbon monoxide
and hydrocarbons from the burning of street tree
leaves. This project was an outgrowth of one carried
out for trie State of Illinois where leaves from only
three tree species were burned. The leaves were
burned in a special tower that had been developed for
the purpose of determining pollutant emissions from
burning wastes of agricultural and forest operations.
One hundred thirty one fires were completed using 15
species of leaf samples collected in the Riverside-Los
Angeles area. One series of fires included leaves from
the previous Illinois study.
Keywords: *Leaves(Botany), 'Air pollution, 'Combus-
tion products, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Meth-
ane, Particles, Concentration(Composition), Acety-
lene, Alkene hydrocarbons, Particle size distribution,
'Air pollution detection, 'Emission factors.
PB-263 665/2 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume I. Summary of National Assess-
ment. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
David A. Lynn, Gordon L. Deane, Rebecca C.
Galkiewicz, and Robert M. Bradway. Jul 76,357p*
GCA-TR-76-25-G(1), EPA/450/3-76/024
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 2, PB-263 666.
This report is the summary report of a study of 14
urban areas to determine the reasons for attainment or
nonattainment of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. This summary report combines the data
from the particle characterization and urban area re-
ports to provide a national assessment of the problem.
The report evaluates three major factors affecting at-
tainment - (1) large scale effects from transported pri-
mary and secondary particulates, (2) traditional
sources such as fuel combustion, industrial process
and solid waste and (3) nontraditional sources such as
mobile source exhaust, tire rubber, construction,
paved and unpaved roads, etc. Two factors which
modify measured levels, meteorology and monitor
siting, are also evaluated.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Fuels, Exhaust emis-
sions, Meteorology, Monitoring, Urban areas, Clima-
tology, Air pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Standards,
Air filters, Field tests, Dust, Aerosols, Solid wastes,
Sources, Solid waste disposal, 'Air quality.
PB-263 666/0 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume II. Particle Characterization.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Robert L. Bradway, and Frank A. Record. Jul 76,
281 p* GCA-TR-76-25-G(2), EPA/450/3-76/025
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 1, PB-263 665.
This document is one volume of a 16-volume report
presenting an overall assessment of the participate
problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technology
Division for EPA. This particular document presents
the results of analyses that were undertaken in an
effort to characterize the various components and
types of particles that comprise ambient suspended
particulate matter. Most of this information was ob-
tained by optical microscopic analysis of filter seg-
ments. A quality control program in the form of blind
replicate analysis was utilized and a statistical analysis
of the results is also reported in this volume. This and
the 14 city reports are viewed primarily as repositories
of data and provide documentation and background in-
formation for Volume I of the study - National Assess-
ment of the Paniculate Problem - Final Report.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, Particle size dis-
tribution, Chemical properties, Particle size, Optical mi-
croscopy, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Ex-
haust emissions, Chemical analysis, Sites,
Concentration(Compositlon), Meteorology, Air pollu-
tion control, Physical properties, Air filters, Experimen-
tal design, Monitoring, Aerosols, Urban areas, 'Air
quality, Sources, Air pollution sampling.
PB-263 679/3 PC A02/MF A01
Asbestos Fiber Concentrations In the Drinking
Water of Communities Using the Western Arm of
Lake Superior as a Potable Water Source,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Central
Regional Lab.
Billy Fairless. 24 Jan 77,23p EPA/905/4-77/003
Suspended solids data and asbestos fiber concentra-
tions are presented as measured by X-ray diffraction
and electron microscopy of potable water supply sam-
ples collected from around the western arm of Lake
Superior during the fall of 1973. The data show a trend
of decreasing concentrations as one proceeds from
Silver Bay in a counterclockwise manner around the
western arm of the Lake. A qualitative agreement be-
tween concentrations measured by X-ray diffraction
and by transmission electron microscopy is apparent.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Water supply,
'Lake Superior, Concentratlon(Composition), X ray dif-
fraction, Electron microscopy, Water pollution, Sur-
veys, Fibers, Silver Bay, Tablea(Data), Minnesota,
Canada, Wisconsin, Michigan, 'Drinking water, 'Water
quality data, Suspended solids, Ontario.
PB-263 688/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pulsed Fluorescence Monitor lor Measuring Ambi-
ent Nitrogen Dioxide. Development of a Labora-
tory Prototype. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Electronics Re-
search Lab.
C. L. Fincher, A. W. Tucker, and M. Blrnbaum. Jan 77,
36p EPA/600/2-77/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2246
A prototype pulsed flashlamp monitor for measuring
ambient N02 has been, developed, constructed ana
tested. The basic principles are similar to a laser flu-
orescence NO2 monitor developed 3 years earlier by
the Electronics Research Lab of the Aerospace Corp.
The pulsed system has met the contract design goal of
a sensitivity of 5 ppb for an integration time of 1
minute, and shows great promise for further improve-
ment. The systems operation has been successfully
demonstrated in monitoring outside air. Continued de-
velopment will lead to an Instrument comparable in
compactness to present chemiluminescence Instru-
ments while being relatively interference free and
more reliable.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Moni-
tors, 'Flash lamps, Air pollution, Fluorescence, Pulse
duration modulation, Measuring instruments, Calibrat-
ing, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Detection, Feasibility,
Chemiluminescence, 'Air pollution detection, Spec-
troscopic analysis.
PB-263 690/0 PC A02/MF A01
An Automated Gas Chromatographlc System for
Pesticide Residue Analysis. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Central
Regional Lab.
John H. Johnson, Emilio E. Sturino, and Sidney
Bourne. 5 Jan 77,14p EPA/905/4-77/001
Gas chromatograms of pesticides and phthalate
esters obtained by an automatic injection system are
analyzed by a computerized gas chromatographic data
system. The system described provides for simulta-
neous injection onto two independent columns
equipped with individual detectors. The gas chromato-
graphic output is processed by the computer into a
report for each column listing the names and concen-
trations for compounds of interest. The system has
sufficient reliability to allow detection of chlorinated
pesticides at the picogram level and organophosphor-
ous pesticides and phthalates at the nanogram level.
This system Is readily incorporated into currently ac-
cepted methods for pesticide residue analysis. Once
the system is calibrated, 42 samples can be analyzed
for 45 parameters without operator intervention.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Gas chromatography, Chemi-
cal analysis, Residues, Phthalates, Esters,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Detection, Automation, Potable water, Surface
waters, Sediments, Biological extracts, Pesticide resi-
dues.
PB-263 746/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos Fibers In Natural Runoff and Discharges
from Sources Manufacturing Asbestos Products.
Part II. Non-Point Sources and Point Sources
Manufacturing Absestos Products. Final technical
rept,
McCrone (Walter C.) Associates, Inc., Chicago, III.
Ian M. Stewart, Richard E. Putscher, Howard J.
Humecki, and Richard J. Shimps. Oct 76,175p MA-
4200, EPA/560/6-76/020
Contract EPA-68-01-2690
See also PB-252 620.
The Office of Toxic Substances of the Environmental
Protection Agency has sponsored a nationwide survey
to determine the impact of point and non-point sources
on levels of waterborne asbestos. Part I of the final
report presented the results of analyses of water from
the ten Regional cities. Part II of the final report, con-
tained herein, presents the results of the analyses of
water from natural sources and from point sources
manufacturing asbestos products. The results de-
scribed indicate that waterborne levels of asbestos
originating from natural sources may be as high as 10
to the 8th power fibers per liter and is subject to sea-
sonal variation. Where asbestos was found, fibers
were usually below 5 micrometers in length. Levels of
asbestos originating from asbestos product manufac-
ture may range from below the detection limits of elec-
tron microscopy to values in excess of 10 to the 12th
power fibers per liter. Levels of asbestos fibers above
5 micrometers In length were found in excess of 10 to
the 11th power fibers per liter. The major impact on the
environment due to such sources would be expected
from asbestos paper plants which combine a high fiber
content with a large effluent flow.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Asbestos, 'Urban areas,
Surveys, Fibers, Water analysis,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Water supply, Seasonal
variations, Electron microscopy, Sources, Environ-
mental impacts, Manufacturing, Nonpoint sources.
PB-263 777/6 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Selected Applications of Instrumentation and
Automation In Wastewater-Treatment Facilities.
Final rept. 30 Jan 72-31 May 75,
Raytheon Co., Portsmouth, R.I.
Allen E. Molvar. Dec 76,315p* EPA/600/2-76/276
Contract EPA-68-03-0144
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-262 232.
80 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The application of modern control systems to the oper-
ation of wastewater-treatment plants Is discussed.
Control strategies for the commonly used wet- and dry-
weather treatment processes and their collection sys-
tems are described. Wherever possible, the benefits
derived from, as well as the operating problems asso-
ciated with, the actual or proposed control strategies
are documented. Cost/benefit analysis indicates that
many untried feed forward mass proportional control
schemes are economically attractive because of the
low payback periods. Centralized control with semigra-
phic display should be used in treatment plants since it
saves on operating labor, improves operation, and in-
creases the safety of wastewater treatment. Automatic
data acquisition systems are cost effective and should
be used in medium and large sized plants. Direct digital
control and computerized control can only be eco-
nomically justified in large dry-weather treatment
plants and large storm-water control networks.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Automatic control
equipment, Benefit cost analysis, Digital computers,
Weather, Activated sludge process, Cost effective-
ness, Data acquisition, Storms, Runoff, Manpower,
Pumping, Interfaces, Feedback control, Data process-
Ing.
PB-283 843/5 PC A12/MF A01
Naval Underwater Systems Center, Newport, R.I.
Joint EPA/UMTA/FEA Strategy for Urban Trans-
portation and Air Quality. Volume 4. Information
Data B«M: Status of Urban Congestion, Air Pollu-
tion, and Energy Use. Literature review 1964-74,
Interplan Corp., Santa Barbara, Calif.
Roman Krzyczfcowskl, Suzanne S. Henneman, Evelyn
S. Putnam, and Thaddeus W. Usowicz. Dec 74,272p
7346-R-VoM, UMTA-RI-06-0005-77-1
Contract N00140-74-C-6026
See also Volume 3, PB-263 842. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C.
The objective of the study is to formulate a basis for
the design of a joint program which would simulta-
neously improve urban mobility and air quality and con-
serve petroleum resources. This fourth volume con-
tains INTERPLAN's initial definition of the transporta-
tion-related urban problems now faced by UMTA, EPA,
and FEA, and their authority to cope with these prob-
lems. The current status of transportation-related
urban congestion, air pollution, and energy usage is
analyzed on a national level, and the future status
likely to obtain Jf present trends continue unchecked is
projected. Congestion and air pollution is also exam-
ined in four cities: Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Seattle,
and Baltimore.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Urban planning,
*Afr pollution abatement, Energy consumption, Prob-
lem solving, Predictions, Trends, Municipalities, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Projects, Fuel consumption, Infor-
mation systems, Pennsylvania, California,
Washlngton(State), Traffic congestion, 'Los
AngelesfCallfornia), 'Seattle(Washington),
•PhlladelphiafPennsylvania), 'Baltimore(Maryland),
Air quality maintenance, Intergovernmental programs,
Transportation sector.
PB-263 891/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Emissions from Residential and Small Commercial
Stoker-Coal-Flred Boilers Under Smokeless Oper-
ation. Final rept. Nov 74-Sep 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Robert D. Glammar, Richard B. Engdahl, and Richard
E. Barrett Oct 76,84p EPA/600/7-76/029
Contract EPA-68-02-1648
The report gives results of a technical assessment of
the advisability of Increased use of stoker coal for resi-
dential and small commercial space heaters. The as-
sessment was based on: (1) an experimental labora-
tory study (major emphasis) to evaluate emissions
from a 20-hp (200 kw) boiler firing anthracite, Western
subbltuminous, processed lignite char (smokeless
coal), and high and low volatile bituminous coals (pol-
lutants of major interest were smoke, paniculate, and
POM); (2) a survey to Identify manufacturers and de-
signs of currently marketed stokers; and (3) a survey to
Identify processes for the manufacture of smokeless
coals and to evaluate the suitability of these fuels for
stoker firing. The experimental investigation indicated
that smokeless operation of a small stoker could be
achieved for the coals evaluated (coals generating the
and POM levels). Coals with the highest volatile matter
and the highest free swelling index had the highest
levels of these emissions. It also indicated that a po-
tential exists to reduce emissions both by minor modifi-
cations in the stoker design and operation, and by use
of processed or treated coals. Even these emission
levels would be considerably higher than those from
equivalent oil- and gas-fired systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Assess-
ments, Bituminous coal, Stokers, Combustion prod-
ucts, Coal, Space heaters, Smoke, Experimental
design, Cost analysis, Economics, Efficiency, Perform-
ance evaluation, Anthracite, Particles, Design criteria,
Coal preparation, Concentration(CompositiOn), Utiliza-
tion, Flue gases, Sampling, Modifications, Residental
location.
PB-263 892/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Office of Air Programs.
Installation of Air Quality Data Handling Subsys-
tem (AQDHS-II) for the Rhode Island Division of
Air Pollution Control. Final rept.,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass, walden Research Dlv.
Brian L Kemerer, and Richard D. Siegel. Feb 77,64p
C-504-11, EPA/901 /9-76/009
Contract EPA-68-02-1377
Sponsored in part by Rhode Island Dept. of Health,
Providence. Div. of Air Pollution Control. See also PB-
263 693.
A primary objective of the installation was to improve
the Division's access to Its air pollution data. Formerly,
the SAROAD keypunch forms provided the only
means of data storage and reporting, until the data
could be processed by EPA. With AQDHS-II, a printed
report of the air pollution readings is available as soon
as the quarter's data has been keypunched and added
to AQDHS-II. Labels concerning the parameter, time
period, and location are included on every page of the
report. A statistical analysis of the data, such as the
geometric mean and percentile distribution, is also
available. A second objective of the installation was to
reduce the required air quality data processing by EPA
and to improve the quality of the data. Whereas the
quarterly report consisted of handwritten SAROAD
forms which had to be keypunched by the Region,
AQDHS-II prepares a magnetic tape which can be
processed directly. In addition, the data on the tape
has passed AQDHS-II edit checks which eliminate
many of the errors that previously had to be detected
manually and resolved by the Region.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data processing, 'Data
handling, Statistical analysis, Computer programs,
Rhode Island, Cobol, 'AQDHS-2 system, 'Air quality
data.
PB-263 893/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Office of Air Programs.
Installation of Air Quality Data Handling Subsys-
tem (AQDHS-II) for the Connecticut Department
of Environmental Quality. Final rept,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden Research Dlv.
Brian L. Kemerer, and Richard D. Siegel. Feb 77,73p
C-504-10, EPA/901/9-76/010
Contract EPA-68-02-1377
Sponsored in part by Connecticut Dept. of Environ-
mental Protection, Hartford. See also PB-263 892.
The purpose of the AQDHS-II system was to provide
the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protec-
tion with improved access to, and analysis capabilities
of, Its air quality data. Prior to installation of AQDHS-II,
punched cards and magnetic tapes served as the stor-
age media for all air quality data. Most data requests
were filled using locally developed computer programs
to select and report on the needed information. The re-
trieval capabilities of AQDHS-II perform the search of
stored air quality data, thereby eliminating the need to
read in extensive card data. A second objective of the
installation was to reduce the required processing by
EPA and to Improve the quality of the SAROAD data.
The AQDHS-II editor checks for valid parameter/
method/unit code combinations, and the retrieval lan-
guage provides the capability to check for values that
are above a certain threshold for each parameter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data processing, 'Data
handling, Statistical analysis, Computer programs,
Connecticut, Cobol, 'AQDHS-2 system, 'Air quality
data.
PB-263 895/5 PC A03/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis,
Oreg.
Nitrogen In the Subsurface Environment. Final
rept.,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada. School of En-
vironmental Science.
M. L Rowe, and Susan Stinnett. Jun 75,42p EPA/
660/3-75/030
Grant EPA-R-801381
Increased quantities of various forms of nitrogen are
being released to the soil systems and higher concen-
trations of nitrogeneous compounds are consequently
making their way into subsoil regions. Knowledge of
the behavior and fate of nitrogeneous chemical spe-
cies in the subsurface environment is needed by those
concerned with the prevention and control of ground-
water pollution. This paper presents information con-
cerning the nature and origin of nitrogeneous sub-
stances polluting ground water, the probable move-
ment and reaction of nitrogeneous compounds in the
subsurface environment, and specific cases of ground-
water pollution by nitrogen-containing compounds.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen, 'Ground water, Soil analysis,
'Water pollution, Nitrites, Organic nitrates, Subsoil,
Subsurface drainage, Chemical reactions, Geochemis-
try, Solid waste disposal, Fertilizers, Agricultural
wastes, Concentration(Composition), Nitrification,
Denitrification, Gases, Water analysis, Sewage, Water
pollution detection, Sources, 'Path of pollutants.
PB-263 897/1 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Assessment of Irrigation Return Flow Models.
Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
Wynn R. Walker. Oct 76,83p' EPA/600/2-76/219
Grant EPA-R-803477
Throughout the Western United States irrigation return
flows contribute to the problem of water quality degra-
dation. Evaluating the effectiveness of alternative
management strategies involves models which simu-
late the processes encompassed by irrigated agricul-
ture. The development and application of these
models require multidiscipllnary expertise. A workshop
involving fifteen specialists In the varied aspects of irri-
gation return flow modeling was held to review the
status of these models. Irrigation return flow and con-
junctive use models recently developed served as
focal points for the workshop. Particular emphasis was
given to the description of the spatially varied aspects
of soil, crop, and aquifer systems, and the proper align-
ment of model objectives with available data.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Salinity, 'Water pollution,
'Meetings, Mathematical models, Drainage, Water
quality, Soil water, Farm crops, Aquifers, Leaching,
Ground water, Scheduling, Water consumption, Soil
properties, Chemical properties, Recommendations,
United States, 'Return flow, Western Region(Untted
States).
PB-263 898/9 PC A03/MF A01
Diurnal Variations In Carbon Monoxlds Concen-
trations, Traffic Counts and Meteorology. Rept. for
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Gerard A. Demarrais. Feb 77,37p EPA/600/4-77/009
Although pollutant emission patterns play Important
roles, they cannot adequately explain the diurnal vari-
ations in carbon monoxide concentrations found in
urban areas. In this study, hourly data from a large net-
work of carbon monoxide monitoring stations, with in-
strumentation corrected for moisture interference, are
analyzed and compared with traffic flow and meteoro-
logical conditions at several locations in Maryland. The
meteorological phenomena that appear to be Impor-
tant In explaining the diurnal variations Involve the ven-
tilation effects resulting from variable wind speeds and
mixing heights.
December 1983 81
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide,
'Concentration(Composition), * Diurnal variations, Air
pollution, Motor vehicles, Meteorology, Traffic surveys,
Urban area, Monitoring, Maryland, Graphic methods,
Tables(Data), Exhaust emissions, 'Air quality data, Ba-
seline sources.
PB-263 900/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory Inter-
comparison Studies Program, FY 1977. Interim
rept.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Quality Assurance Branch.
Jan 77,28p EPA/600/4-77/001
See also PB-243 636.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's intercom-
parison studies program for laboratories involved in
environmental radiation measurements is described.
The types of environmental samples distributed, the
analysis required for each sample, the distribution
schedule, and the statistical analysis and reporting of
results are discussed. Instructions and application
forms are included for laboratories desiring to partici-
pate in the program. This document is not a research
report. It is designed for use by laboratories participat-
ing or desiring to participate in this quality assurance
program.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Radioactive contami-
nants, 'Chemical analysis, 'Manuals, Sampling, Sta-
tistical analysis, Numerical analysis, TablesfData),
Quality control, Water pollution, Food analysis.
PB-263 901/1 PC A03/MF A01
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Dispersion of Roof-Top Emissions from Isolated
Buildings. A Wind Tunnel Study. Fluid modeling
rept. no. 3,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Roger S. Thompson, and David J. Lombard!. Jan 77,
46p EPA/600/4-77/006
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
A fluid modeling study of the dispersion of roof-top
emissions from rectangular buildings was performed in
the meteorological wind tunnel of the EPA Fluid Mod-
eling Facility. The basic building shape was a 0.18
meter cube. Variations included a building twice as
wide and buildings twice and three times as nigh. Each
building was placed in a 1.8 meter, simulated; neutral
atmospheric boundary layer. Low momentum, non-
buoyant emissions were released through an opening
at the roof center. Photographs of flow visualization
experiments are presented for a qualitative evaluation
of the building wakes. Concentration measurements at
ground level and aloft are presented for each case at
downwind distances within 20 building heights. Con-
centrations are presented in a non-dimensional form
for ease in application to full scale situations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Buildings, 'Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Roofs, Wind tunnel models, Model tests, Flow
visualization, Rectangular bodies, Boundary layer flow,
Simulation, Wake, Orientation, Dispersing.
PB-263 902/9 PC A02/MF A01
Ablologlcal Methylatlon of Mercury In Soil. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Robert D. Rogers. Jan 77,19p EPA/600/3-77/007
This work defines several factors influencing the meth-
ylation of mercuric ion in soil. Two of the most impor-
tant findings were that it is possible to extract the mer-
cury methylating factor from soil with a solution of 0.5N
sodium hydroxide and that this factor is responsible for
the abiological methylation of mercury in the soils
under investigation. The ability of the soil extract to
methylate mercury is influenced by temperature, mer-
curic ion concentration, and solution pH. The methylat-
ing ability of the soil extract was stable at high tem-
peratures (121C), but was lost after exposure to ultra-
violet radiation. When the O.SN sodium hydroxide ex-
tract of soil was separated into a soluble and insoluble
fraction, the ability to methylate mercuric ion remained
with the soluble fraction. It was found that the methy-
lating factor was lost when the O.SN sodium hydroxide
extract was dialyzed against distilled water. Further
work showed that the methylating factor passes
through dialysis tubing into the distilled water.
Keywords: 'Mercury, "Soil analysis, 'Methylation,
Ions, Extraction, Temperature,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Separation, Soil
chemistry, Chemical analysis, Pollution.
PB-263 905/2 PC A02/MF A01
Publications and Reports, Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Laboratory, 1955-1969.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Oct76,21 p EPA/600/9-76/027
The compilation consists of publications and reports
authored or co-authored by Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory personnel since 1955. This
compilation of publications and reports relate to var-
ious aspects of analytical methodology for water, envi-
ronmental monitoring and quality assurance. The pub-
lications have been authored or co-authored by per-
sonnel of the Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory, Cincinnati (EMSL-CI), Office of Research
and Development, United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency or predecessor organizations. The
publications are presently available as reprints or from
the referenced books and journals. The publications
prepared by EMSL-CI personnel are contained in this
single document and are compiled as a convenience
for locating and requesting publications.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, Documents, Laboratory equip-
ment, Industrial wastes, Microbiology, Chemical analy-
sis, Quality assurance, Monitors, Radioactive contami-
nants, Viruses, Aquatic biology, Instrumentation, Ex-
perimental design, Water analysis, Waste water, Qual-
ity control, Water pollution, Pesticides, Potable water,
Methodology, Mercury, Bacteria, Water pollution de-
tection.
PB-263 906/0 PC A02/MF A01
Publications and Reports, Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Laboratory, 1970-1976.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Oct 76,20p EPA/600/9-76/028
The compilation consists of publications and reports
authored or co-authored by Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory personnel since 1970. Envi-
ronmental measurements are required to determine
the quality of ambient waters and the character of
waste effluents. The Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Cincinnati conducts research to:
Develop and evaluate techniques to measure the pres-
ence and concentration of physical, chemical, and ra-
diological pollutants in water, wastewater, bottom sedi-
ments, and solid waste. Investigate methods for the
concentration, recovery, and identification of viruses,
bacteria, and other microbiological organisms in water.
Conduct studies to determine the responses of aquatic
organisms to water quality. Conduct an Agency-wide
quality assurance program to assure standardization
and quality control of systems for monitoring water and
wastewater. Various publications and reports have
been developed through the years that pertain to
methodology, quality assurance, and related subjects.
These have been compiled to make them more
conveniently accessible to laboratory personnel and
others concerned with water quality analyses.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, Documents, Laboratory equip-
ment, Industrial wastes, Microbiology, Chemical analy-
sis, Quality assurance, Monitors, Radioactive contami-
nants, Viruses, Aquatic biology, Instrumentation, Ex-
perimental design, Water analysis, Waste water, Qual-
ity control, Water pollution, Pesticides, Potable water,
Methodology, Mercury, Bacteria, Water pollution de-
tection.
PB-263 907/8 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1975 Third Quarter Statistics.
Final rept. Jul-Sep 75,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 76,148p EPA/450/2-76/027
See also PB-261 077.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, Sta-
tistical data, Data acquisition, States(United States),
Particles, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Photochemical reactions, Oxi-
dizers, 'Air quality data, Storage and retrieval of aero-
metric data.
PB-263 906/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Production and Transport of Gaseous NH3 and
H2S Associated with Livestock Production. Final
rept. Feb 73-Dec 75,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
Sineering.
. Ronald Miner. Sep 76,81 p EPA/600/2-76/239
Grant EPA-S-802009
Current livestock production techniques release a
large variety of volatile organic compounds to the at-
mosphere. This release results In complaints due to
their odorous nature and has been Identified as a
source of surface water pollution as these compounds
are absorbed from the air. Ammonia has been identi-
fied as the •compound of greatest concern relative to
water pollution and is of considerable Interest relative
to odor complaints due to its ease of, measurement
and its relationship to more odorous gas evolution.
Gas sampling and measuring schemes based upon
the use of solid absorbents were studied. Use of an ab-
sorbent suspended in a stainless steel screen contain-
er which could be exposed in an atmosphere to be
sampled showed promise. The evolution of ammonia,
hydrogen sulfide and odorous volatiles was investigat-
ed as a function of beef cattle ration. Addition of es-
sential oil, mint oil, was found to mask the odor of fresh
manure. Mint oil was carried in the urine. Ammonia
evolution from fresh manure was largely from urine.
Fecal contributions became significant only after sig-
nificant decomposition had occurred. A technique was
devised for measuring ammonia evolution rates from
surfaces. This measurement proved an accurate
measure of anaerobic biological activity and provided
a quantitative means for comparing treatment proce-
dures designed to minimize volatile material evolution
rates. Evolution rates for a variety of surfaces associat-
ed with livestock production enterprises were meas-
ured.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Agricultural
wastes, 'Livestock, 'Odors, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Absorbents, Gas chromatography, Water
pollution, Volatility, Detection, Polymers, Sampling,
Urine, Feces, Experimental design, Surface waters,
Swine, Porous polymers, 'Air pollution.
PB-263 909/4 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div.
Pulmonary Cell Populations In Hamsters Main-
tained under Egyptian Laboratory Conditions.
AI-Azhar Univ., Cairo (Egypt).
Jan 77,9p EPA/600/3-77-006
Contract EPA-03-546-1
The study was conducted to obtain baseline values for
pulmonary cells In golden hamsters (Mesocricetus aur-
atus) bred and maintained under the laboratory condi-
tions of AI-Azhar University in Egypt. An improvised
technique is presented for measuring pulmonary cells
obtained by lung lavage In golden hamsters, the re-
sults of using this technique revealed a positive corre-
lation between the total count of pulmonary cells and
the body weight of the hamsters. Cell differential
counts snowed that more than 99 percent of the pul-
monary cells were macrophages, with lymphocytes as
the remainder. The findings are discussed and com-
pared to those reported in the available literature.
Keywords: 'Hamsters, 'Laboratory animals, 'Lung,
'Cells(Blology), Measurement, Quantitative analysis,
Phagocytes, Lymphocytes, Cell morphology. Body
weight, Egypt, Baseline measurements, 'Animal
models.
82 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-263 910/2 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
The Pharmacodynamlcs of Certain Endogenous
Mammalian Antloxldants During N02 Exposure,
Stanford Research Inst, MenloPark, Calif. Environ-
mental Biochemistry Lab.
Kenneth D. Lunan, and Alan E. Brandt. Aug 76,66p
EPA/600/1-76/028
Contract EPA-68-02-1713
The predominant theory for vitamin E action is based
on the antloxidant properties of the vitamin. Vitamin E
prevents the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty
acids found in lipids of cellular membranes, thereby
stabilizing membrane structure. This action is demon-
strated by the marked fragility of red blood cells of ani-
mals deficient in vitamin E. Llpid peroxidation Is initiat-
ed by exposure to hyperbarlc oxygen and other oxidiz-
ing atmospheres such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and
ozone (O3). Vitamin E is believed to quench highly
toxic free radicals generated during peroxidation, thus
terminating the free radical chain reaction. This report
describes studies on the effect of NO2 on the retention
of 14C-alpha-tocopherol in lungs, liver, and blood and
on the formation and disposition of alpha-tocopherol
and retinol oxidation products. Also presented are ini-
tial results on the characterization of one of the en-
zymes Involved in alpha-tocopherol metabolism, UDP-
glucuronic acid: alpha-tocopheronolactone glucurono-
syl transferase.
Keywords: 'Tocqpherol, 'Antioxidants, 'Nitrogen
dioxide, Vitamins, Pharmacology, Air pollution, Ozone,
Metabolism, Fatty acids, Oxidation, Lipids, Enzymes,
Transferases, Liver, Lung, Blood, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Qulnones, Tocopneronolactone glucuronosyl-
transferase.
PB-263 922/7 PC A04/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
1976. Annual rept. 1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Oiv.
Nov 76,64p* EPA/450/1-76/002
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality through 1975 for total suspended paniculate,
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and
oxidants. The change In the number of people ex-
Posed to air quality levels above the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards is emphasized. Changes in air
quality levels are discussed for two selected areas: the
New York-New Jersey-Connecticut Air Quality Control
Region, accounting for 17 million people, and the Los
Angeles Basin, accounting for 8 million people. The
{rend analyses in this report are based on the data col-
tected through the extensive monitoring activities con-
ducted by Federal, State and local air pollution control
agencies. Nationwide emissions for the period 1970-
1975 are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, Par-
Jtetes, Trends, Regions, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen dioxide, Oxldizers, New York, New
Jersey, California, Data acquisition, Monitoring, Statis-
ttcal data, Organizations, Air quality maintenance,
Total suspended partlculates, Air pollution standards,
Air quality control regions, Los Angeles(Callfomla), Ma-
norial surveys.
PB-263 941/7 PC A25/MF A01
nuorlne, It* Compounds, and Air Pollution: A Bib-
Uognphy with Abstracts.
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
park. N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
D«S76.600p* EPA/450/1-76/003
The Air Pollution Technical Information Center (APTIC)
°f EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Prepared, selected and compiled the approximately
2800 abstracts in this bibliography. The abstracts are
arranged within 14 general subject categories. The ab-
stracted documents are thought to be representative
of available literature. Subject and author Indexes are
Deluded. The Indexes refer to the abstracts by a cate-
flory code and abstract number. The author index lists
all authors individually; primary authorship Is indicated
PV an asterisk. Generally, higher abstract numbers
nave been assigned to more recent documents. The
JJn of this bibliography Is to bring together these ab-
•Jracts which were previously scattered throughout
Air Pollution Abstracts' (1970-1976).
Keywords: 'Fluorine, 'Fluorides, 'Fluorine inorganic
compounds, 'Air pollution, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts,
Industrial wastes, Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Law enforcement, Air
pollution control, Standards, Economic analysis, Public
health, Sources, Air quality, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pol-
lution effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB-263 943/3 PC A23/MF A01
Quality Criteria for Water.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Jul 76, 537p* EPA/44079-76/023
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972 require the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency to publish criteria for water quality
accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge on
the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health
and welfare which may be expected from the presence
of pollutants in any body or water, including ground
water. Proposed Water Quality Criteria were devel-
oped and a notice of their availability was published on
Oct 26,1973 (38 FR 29646). This present volume rep-
resents a revision of the proposed water quality criteria
based upon a consideration of comments received
from other Federal agencies, State agencies, special
interest groups and individual scientists. Standards
and their criteria are given for over 54 chemicals.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water quality, Hazard-
ous materials, Public health, Standards, Government
policies, State government, Revisions, Pesticides,
Alkalinity, Ammonia, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Boron, Cadmium, Chlorine, Conform bacteria, Color,
Hardness, Iron, Dissolved gases, Chromium, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Greases, 'Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
'Water pollution standards, 'Heavy metals.
PB-263 946/6 PC A04/MF A01
Management of Metal-Finishing Sludge,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
E. P. Grumpier, Jr, Feb 77,67p* EPA/530/SW-561
The disposal of metal-bearing sludges from treatment
of metal finishing wastewaters is causing increased
concern. Implementation of metal precipitation as the
best available technology to meet effluent guidelines
will increase the amounts of sludge requiring disposal.
This report discusses the state-of-the-art of technol-
ogy which can potentially manage the sludge. Disposal
techniques, recycle and waste reduction technology
are reviewed. The major advantages and disadvan-
tages of each technique are presented.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Electroplating, 'Water pollution control,
Sludge disposal, Metal finishing, Zinc, Chromium,
Copper, Nickel, Chemical cleaning,
Preclpitation(Chemistry), Sulfides, Xanthates,
Sources, Economic analysis, Steels, Materials recov-
ery, Hazardous materials, Encapsulating, Heat treat-
ment, Linings, Finatives, Effluents, Metal finishing in-
dustry.
PB-263 960/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Applicability of NOx Combustion Modifications to
Cyclone Boilers (Furnaces). Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. E. Ctvrtnicek, and S. J. Rusek. Jan 77,135p* MRC-
DA-610, EPA/600/7-77/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
Cyclone furnaces are a significant source of stationary
NOx emissions. It was estimated that 0.76 x 10 to the
6th power tonnes of NOx (over 6% of stationary
source NOx) were emitted from all cyclone-coal-flred
utility boilers in 1973. This represents from 19% to
22% of the total NOx emissions from all coal-fired util-
ity boilers in the U.S. Several techniques of combus-
tion modifications were applied In the past to cyclone
boilers/furnaces in an attempt to lower their NOx
emissions. These include boiler load reduction, low
excess air firing, two-stage firing, and switching fuels.
This report summarizes available NOx emission data
when applying these techniques to cyclone boilers/
furnaces. Even though significant reductions in NOx
were achieved, none of the techniques was shown to
reduce NOx emissions to the level meeting the New
Source Performance Standard.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
'Furnaces, 'Boilers, Industrial wastes, Energy dissipa-
tion, Heat transfer, Combustion products, Electric
power plants, Revisions, Cyclone separators, Pulver-
ized fuels, Process charting, Particles, Performance
evaluation, Coal, Fossil fuels, Coal preparation, Fly
ash, Corrosion, Design criteria, Coal fired power
plants, Baseline source.
PB-263 970/6 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Lake Drawdown as a Method of Improving Water
Quality. Ecological research series,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Jackson L. Fox, Partick L. Brezonik, and Michael A.
Keirn. Jan 77,104p EPA/600/3-77/005
Grant EPA-R-800305
Investigations were made to determine the feasibility
of radical drawdown as a restoration technique for
Lake Apopka, Florida, a 12,545 hectare lake in central
Florida. Field studies showed the lake to be hypereu-
trophic with continual algal blooms, mats of floating
water hyacinths, and a flocculent organic muck bottom
rich in interstitial water nutrients. Sediments were
dredged from the lake bottom and placed in aquaria,
columns, tanks and pools. Following dewatering and
varying drying periods, the containers of sediment
were refilled. A large number of physical, chemical and
biological parameters were monitored before, during
and following sediment drying. Results indicate that
drawdown improves subsequent refill water quality.
Based on these laboratory scale investigations, draw-
down appears to be an effective restoration technique
for Lake Apopka.
Keywords: 'Lake Apopka, 'Draw down, 'Water pollu-
tion, Limnology, Pumping, Sediments, Water quality,
Recommendations, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Aquatic weeds, Aquatic plants, pH,
Chemical properties, Primary biological productivity,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Florida, 'Trophic level,
Typha, Chara, 'Eutrophication.
PB-263 979/7 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Selected Federal Activities Di-
rected to Chemicals of Near-Term Concern (Ben-
zene, Bis (chloromethyl) Ether, Cadmium, Hydro-
gen Sulflde, Mercury, Platinum, Polynuclear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons, Trlchloroethylene, Trls(2, 3-
dibromopropyl) Phosphate). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sep 76,21 p EPA/560/4-76/007
See also PB-257 494.
This Report Is Intented to assist Federal agencies and
other interested organizations obtain current informa-
tion on the on-going activities of EPA directed to se-
lected chemicals of near-term concern. In addition to
identifying the principal EPA programs related to these
chemicals, the Report also includes significant activi-
ties of other organizations when that information is
available.
Keywords: 'Information, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion, Aromatic polycycllc compounds, Benzene, Pota-
ble water, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composltion), Samplings, Assess-
ments, Public health, Standards, Toxicity, Environmen-
tal impacts, Law enforcement, Cadmium, Hydrogen
sulflde, Mercury, Platinum, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Bromine organic compounds, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Biological extracts, Food chains,
Monitoring, Water pollution control, Air pollution con-
trol, Antineoplastic agents, Fire resistant coatings,
Sources, Ethylene/trichloro, Ether/bls(chloromethyl),
Phosphate/trisfdlbromopropyl), Environmental chemi-
cal substitutes, Heavy metals.
PB-263 992/0 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of Procedures for the Measurement
of Fugitive Emissions. Final rept. Jul 74-Jun 75,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
P. W. Kallka, a E. Kenson, and P. T. Bartlett. Dec 76,
134p EPA/600/2-76/284
Contract EPA-68-02-1815
December 1983 83
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also report dated May 76, PB-257 848.
The report describes the development of basic proce-
dures that can be used to sample and analyze fugitive
(non-stack) emissions from industrial processes, emis-
sions that are a potentially significant portion of the
total air emissions in many industries. The develop-
ment included: identification of the sources of fugitive
emissions, evaluation of sampling strategies, prepara-
tion of field test procedures, field evaluation of one fu-
gitive emissions field test procedure, and issuance of
technical manuals for each sampling strategy. Eight-
een industries/processes which might have potentially
significant fugitive emissions were identified, selected
from all the industries/processes studied and based
on the potential of their fugitive emissions to be haz-
ardous and to have high fugitive emissions rates. The
18 industries/processes were grouped by category:
metallurgical processing, energy/fuels processing,
chemical products, rock products, and agricultural op-
erations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitoring, 'Manuals, Sam-
pling, Metal industry, Coal, Petroleum refining, Chemi-
cal Industry, Nonmetalliferous mineral deposits, Agri-
cultural products, Sampling, Impactors, Measurement,
Instrumentation, Criteria, Dust, Laboratory tests, Field
tests, Continuous sampling, Chemical analysis, Rocks,
"Fugitive dust, Particulates, Coal industry, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB-264 002/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Th« Economic Analysis of Effluent Guidelines on
the Feedlots: Large Scale Segments. Final rept.
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, Kans.
Feb 76,165p* 146, EPA/230/2-76/008
Contract EPA-68-01-1533
The large scale feedlot industry is composed of beef,
hog, dairy, sheep, layer, broiler, turkey and duck oper-
ations. For each segment, the following minimum ca-
pacity listing indicates what sizes of feedlot are defined
as large scale: Pollution, water pollution, effluent, efflu-
ent control, agricultural wastes, large scale feedlots,
economic, agncultural economics, economic analysis,
cash flow, demand, supply, prices, fixed costs, variable
costs, employment, community, production capacity,
fixed investment.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Agriculture economics,
'Agricultural wastes, Beef cattle, Swine, Dairy cattle,
Sheep, Poultry, Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks, Cash flow,
Investments, Fixed costs, Demand(Economics),
SupplyJEconomics), Prices, Employment, Variable
costs, Production capacity, 'Feedlots.
PB-264 014/2 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Conversion of Cattle Manure Into Useful Prod-
ucts. Final rept Jan 74-May 75,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
Bruce S. Dunn, John D. Mackenzie, and Eugene
Tseng. Sep 76,42p EPA/600/2-76/238
Contract EPA-R-802933
The purpose of the project was to design and build a
pyrolysis apparatus for cattle manure and to investi-
gate the potential uses of the pyrolysis by-products. A
pyrolysis machine of semi-continuous feed capabilities
was designed and built. Various conditions of pyrolysis
treatments were investigated and their Influence on
the amount and composition of the by-products deter-
mined. High carbon residues were found to require
lower pyrolysis temperatures. The carbon content of
these residues appeared to be unaffected by the geo-
graphic location of the original manure. Contact with
interested parties and appropriate industries who
could be prospective users of each of the products
was Initiated to obtain their technical expertise in eval-
uating these products. The pyrolysis by-products seem
to have some potential industrial applications. These
by-products include the solid residue, an oil fraction,
and an aqueous fraction. The solid residue may serve
as a carbon black substitute or as a filler material in
rubber, ink, and paint. The aqueous fraction collected
during pyrolysis has been evaluated for fertilizer appli-
cations.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Agricultural wastes,
'Pyrolysis, 'Incinerators, Reclamation, Byproducts,
Design, Carbon black, Fillers, Fertilizers, Cost analysis,
Oils, Inks, Paints, Elastomers, Dehydration, Utilization,
Process charting, 'Manure.
PB-264 015/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Application of Sewage Sludge to Cropland: Ap-
praisal of Potential Hazards of the Heavy Metals
to Plants and Animals.
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology,
Ames.
15 Nov 76,77p 64, EPA/430/9-76/013,, EPA/MCD-
33
This report examines the present state of knowledge
regarding the potential effects on agricultural crops
and animals by heavy metals in sewage sludges ap-
plied to cropland, as well as some consideration of
possible groundwater and surface water contamina-
tion. Other potential effects associated with land appli-
cation of sewage sludge are not addressed in detail.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Farms, 'Metals, 'Live-
stock, Cadmium, Hazards, Ground water, Surface
waters, Water pollution, Farm crops, Sewage, Water
supply, 'Heavy metals.
PB-264 017/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
The Environmental Chemistry of N-Nltroso Com-
pounds. Final rept.
Eco-Control, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
3 Sep 76, 55p*
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Water Supply.
This report discusses the formation of N-Nitroso com-
trosamines with nitrite, catalytic nitrosation, formation
of N-Nitroso compounds in vivo and by bacteria, nitros-
amine reactions and the occurrence of N-Nitroso com-
pounds and their precursors in the environment.
Keywords: 'Nitroso compounds, 'Water pollution, Air
pollution, Radiolysis, Synthesis(Chemistry), Amines,
Reaction kinetics, Sampling, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Solubility, Metabolism,
Inhibition, In vivo analysis, Bacteria, Catalysis, Photo-
chemistry, Thermal stability, Chemical reactions, Bio-
deterioration, Decomposition, Water treatment, Oxida-
tion, Reduction(Chemistry), Acylation, Photolysis,
Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Ecology, Food
analysis, Chlorination, Ozonation, Extraction, Separa-
tion, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Experi-
mental design, Procedures.
PB-264 032/4 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Design Considerations for Pulp and Paper-Mill
Sludge Landfills. Final rept. Jan 75-Jan 76,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, Miss. Soils and Pavements Lab.
Richard H. Ledbetter. Dec 76,154p EPA/600/3-76/
111
This report presents procedures for the engineering
design and control of pulp and paper-mill sludge dis-
posal landfills. Engineering design will allow more effi-
cient use, thereby contributing to economic and envi-
ronmental benefits. To form the basis for engineering
design of sludge material, the methodologies and the-
ories of soil mechanics were applied. The methodolo-
gies should be applicable to most compositions of
sludge materials. Some sludge materials may have pe-
culiarities associated with testing, field workability, and
behavior. However, from accumulated experiences of
applying the procedures of this manual, the manual
can be adjusted and expanded. This report is specifi-
cally written for pulp and paper-mill personnel of tech-
nical background but with little or no exposure to the
soil mechanics discipline.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Earth fills, "Paper mills,
'Pulp mills, Design, Economic Impact, Soil mechanics,
Environmental impacts, Field tests, Manuals, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Dikes, Leaching, Retaining
walls, Industrial wastes, Consolidation, Soil stabiliza-
tion. Slopes, Tables(Data).
PB-264 057/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Mobile Source Enforcement Div.
Effect of Automotive Parts on Vehicle and Engine
Emissions. Phase I. Original Equipment. Final rept,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Richard R. Carlson. Dec 76,260p EPA/340/2-76/001
Contract EPA-66-01 -1957
This final report documents the methodology and re-
sults of Phase I of the Investigation of the Effect of
Automotive Parts on Vehicle and Engine Emissions.
This study was performed for the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Mobile Source Enforcement,
under Contract No. 68-01-1957. The primary objective
of this study was to identify engine and emission con-
trol system components which are critical in causing
excessive emissions of one or more regulated pollut-
ants. Phase I of the study investigated the emission-
crlticality of original equipment Installed by the engine
or vehicle manufacturers. A computer model was de-
veloped to calculate and rank-order an Index repre-
senting the criticality of each component type. Sepa-
rate rankings were developed for HC, CO, NOx and
smoke (heavy-duty diesel engines) emissions and for
pre-catalyst-equipped and catalyst-equipped vehicles.
The index for each component type was calculated
from the product of four factors representing the emis-
sion increase resulting from a component failure, the
probability of component failure, the probability of
component repair, and the sales volume of the compo-
nent. The values of these factors were established
based on data obtained from a search of technical lit-
erature and engineering analysis of system and com-
ponent design or operating characteristics. The study
was performed without emission or performance test-
ing. However, a series of tests on 25 of the most emis-
sion-critical components was recommended to devel-
op or refine data on emission increase and symptoms
of failure.
Keywords: "Airpollution control equipment, 'Motor ve-
hicle engines, Exhaust systems, Smoke, Fuel systems,
Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Mathematical models, Design criteria,
Maintenance, Carburetors, Ignition systems, Tests,
Particles, Methodology, Automobile engines, Diesel
engines, Failure, Heavy duty vehicles, Catalyst
reactors(Exhaust systems), Air fuel ratio.
PB-264 059/7 PC A16/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Grand
Strand Region, South Carolina. EPA Project No.
C450381.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Feb 77,356p EPA/904/9-77/002
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EPA 904/
9-77-002) was prepared in response to the proposed
action of awarding grant funds to the Grand Strand
Water and Sewer Authority for the purpose of develop-
ing wastewater treatment facilities to service the
Grand Strand Region. The project consists of three
wastewater treatment facilities with accompanying
outfall lines and interceptor systems. The facilities win
process and treat approximately 14.4 million gallons
per day of wastewater.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Sewage treatment, 'South Carolina, Regional plan-
ning, Waste water, Facilities, Sewers, Project planning,
Environmental Impacts, Land use, 'Grand Strand
Reglon(South Carolina), 'Sewage treatment plants,
Alternatives.
PB-264 065/4 PC A06/MF A01
Federal Energy Administration, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energv Conservation and Environment
Experimental^ Evaluation of Fuel OH Additives for
Reducing Emissions and Increasing Efficiency of
Bolltrs. Final task rept. May 72-Dec 75,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Robert D. Glammar, Albert E. Weller, David W. Locklin,
and Horatio H. Krause. Jan 77,124p" EPA/600/2-77/
008b
Contract EPA-68-02-0262
84 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB-264 066 and PB-264 066. Sponsored In
part by Federal Energy Administration, Washington,
D.C. Office of Energy Conservation and Environment.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of combustion-type fuel oil additives to
reduce emissions and Increase efficiency In a 50-bhp
(500 kw) commercial oll-flred packaged boiler. Most
additive evaluation runs were made during continuous
firing, constant-load operation of the boiler. Additives,
both proprietary and pure compounds, containing alka-
line-earth and transition metals In concentrations be-
tween 20 and SO ppm were effective In reducing
carbon paniculate emissions by as much as 100 per-
cent when firing residual oil. They also were effective
In reducing emissions of smoke and polycycllc organic
matter. No additive was found to be effective In reduc-
ing either NOx or SOx. Certain of these additives used
In residual oil permitted an Increase In overall boiler ef-
ficiency by reducing stack gas loss, without Increasing
paniculate emissions. This efficiency gain, about 2%,
was achieved by: appropriate readjustment to permit
boiler operation at lower excess air levels; and reduc-
ing the fouling of boiler heat-transfer surfaces. Both
proprietary and pure compounds were found to be
equally effective. Thus, If additives are used, cost sav-
ings can be maximized by using the less expensive
pure compounds.
Keywords: 'Fuel additives, "Air pollution control, •Boil-
ers, Cost analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Par-
ticles, Carbon, Heat transfer, combust products, Effi-
ciency, Furnaces, Residual oils, Industrial wastes,
Smoke, Experimental design, Economics, Carbon
dioxide, Rue gases, Particle size distribution, Corro-
Jton inhibitors, Burners, Performance evaluation,
Flames, Air fuel ratio.
PB-264 066/2 PC A04/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
NOx Formation In CO Flames. Final task rept. May
72-Oec75,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
E. L. Merryman, and A. Levy. Jan 77, 55p EPA/600/2-
77-008c
Contract EPA-68-02-0262
See also PB-264 065.
The report gives results of an experimental study to
determine If early NO and N02 can be observed In CO
'lames, since prompt NO is not anticipated and since
H02 levels might be expected to be lower in CO
'lames. (Previous studies of NO and NO2 production In
methane flames with and without fuel nitrogen tug-
Seated that the early appearance of N02 results from
we fast reaction of NO + HO2 - NO2 + OH.) CO
names containing NO, ammonia, and cyanogen were
Profiled for NO and N02 In this study. Effects of flame
temperature and of nitrogen- and argon- 'air' were also
•xamlned. The results give evidence for prompt NO In
w flames as well as for early N02. The prompt NO
and early NO2 levels are leas than In methane flames,
°ut the same mechanism appears to explain the for-
mation of NO2 In both flame systems. In most In-
stances, the quantity of NO or fuel-nitrogen added to
+
< 111 > texture Is alwaya found. At a deformation tem-
perature of 293K, the predominance of the <111>
texture Is ascribed to the dominance of recovery over
recrystallizatlon processes, thereby maintaining the
December 1983 85
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
< 111 > deformation texture. At deformation tempera-
tures of 373K and 473K, the <100> texture steadily
increases and the < 111 > texture progressively de-
creases. This change is ascribed to the growing domi-
nance of recrystallization into the cube orientation over
recovery. Anisotropy of elastic moduli is used to ex-
plain the preference for the cube orientation to form
during recrystallization. The perfection of formation of
the two texture components was investigated as a
function of both deformation and depth below the wire
surface.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Deformation, 'Crystal structure,
Orientation, X ray diffraction, Texture, Recrystalliza-
tion, Cold drawing, Wire, Australia.
PB-264 183/5 PC A99/MF A01
Proceeding* of Conference on Environmental
Quality Sensors (2nd) Held at National Environ-
mental Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada on
October 10-11,1973.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Monitoring Systems.
Dec 76,779p EPA/600/9-76/031
This report contains the papers presented at the
Second Conference on Environmental Quality Sen-
sors, held at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's National Environmental Research Center, Las
Vegas, Nevada, on October 10 and 11, 1973. The
papers covered such topics as: aircraft-, satellite-, and
land-based remote sensing systems for monitoring
and/or identifying pollutants in the air, in water, and on
land; in situ monitoring systems, remote sensing tech-
niques for land use mapping, environmental impact as-
sessment, water surface temperature determinations,
oil and hazardous material spills identification; also ad-
dressed are present environmental monitoring require-
ments of the EPA regions.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, Forecasting, Fluores-
cence, Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Environmental impacts, Assess-
ments, Monitoring, Oil pollution, Performance evalua-
tion, Dissolved oxygen, Gas analysis, Microwave
equipment, Radiometry, Hazardous materials, Infrared
detection, Optical radar, Aerial surveys, Scientific sat-
ellites, Zeeman effect, Polarimeters, Turbidity, Plumes,
Data analysis, Atomic spectroscopy, Optical measure-
ment, Electrodes, Water quality, Sensor mapping,
Design criteria, Concentration(Composition), Sewers,
*Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution detection, Air
quality. Ion selective electrodes, Long path optical
measurements, Procedures.
PB-264 185/0 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Extraction Technology Branch.
Resources Allocation to Optimize Mining Pollution
Control. Final rept. 29 Jun 72-30 Sep 73,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
Kenesaw S. Shumate, E. E. Smith, Vincent T. Ricca,
and Gordon M. Clark. Nov 76,496p* OSURF-3484,
EPA/600/2-76/112
Contract EPA-68-01-0724
A comprehensive model for mine drainage simulation
and optimization of resource allocation to control mine
acid pollution in a watershed has been developed. The
model is capable of: (a) Producing a time trace of acid
load and flow from acid drainage sources as a function
of climatic conditions; (b) generating continuous re-
ceiving stream flow data from precipitation data; (c)
predicting acid load and flow from mine drainage
sources using precipitation patterns and watershed
status typical of 'worst case' conditions that might be
expected, e.g., once every 10 or 100 years; and (d)
predicting optimum resource allocation using alterna-
tive methods of treatment and/or abatement for 'worst
case' conditions during both wet and dry portions of
the hydrologic year.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, 'Water pollution abatement,
•Mine waters, Mathematical models, Coal mining, Op-
timization, Drainage, Refuse, Watersheds, Time series
analysis, Hydrology, Climate, Stream flow,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Allocations, 'Mine acid
drainage.
PB-264 186/8 PC A04/MF A01
Assessment of Potential Radiological Population
Health Effects from Radon In Liquefied Petroleum
Gas,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Thomas F. Gesell, Raymond H. Johnson, Jr., and
David E. Bernhardt. Feb 77,64p EPA/520/1-75/002
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contains varying
amounts of radon-222 which becomes dispersed
within homes when LPG is used in unvented appli-
ances. Radon-222 decays to alpha-emitting daughter
products which are associated with increased lung
cancer when inhaled and deposited in the respiratory
system. The average dose equivalents to the bronchial
epithelium from the use of LPG in unvented kitchen
ranges and space heaters are estimated to be about
0.9 and 4.0 mrem/year, respectively. When extrapolat-
ed to the United States population at risk, the estimat-
ed tracheobronchial dose equivalents are about
20,000 and 10,000 person-rems/year for these appli-
ances, or a total of about 30,000 person-rems/year.
These doses are very small compared to other natural
and man-made sources of ionizing radiation. It is esti-
mated that these low doses would result in less than
one lung cancer a year for the total U.S. population.
Consequently, the use of LPG containing radon-222
does not contribute significantly to the incidence of
lung cancer in the United States.
Keywords: 'Radon isotopes, 'Liquefied petroleum
gas, 'Radiation effects, Natural gas, Rare gases,
Fossil fuels, Populations, Exposure, Public health, Ra-
diation dosage, Space heaters, Gas appliances,
Ovens, Pulmonary neoplasms. Alpha particles, United
States, 'Radon 22, Lung neoplasms.
PB-264 189/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Office
of Great Lakes Coordinator.
Washington County Project (Work Plan). Develop-
ment and Implementation of a Sediment Control
Ordinance or Other Regulatory Mechanism: Insti-
tutional Arrangements Necessary for Implementa-
tion of Control Methodology on Urban and Rural
Lands,
Wisconsin Board of Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
tricts, Madison.
Thomas C. Daniel, and Ralph H. Klassy. Jan 77,83p
EPA/905/9-77/001
Grant EPA-G-005139
The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate
the effectiveness of land control measures in improv-
ing water quality, and to devise the necessary institu-
tional arrangements for the preparation, acceptance,
adoption, and implementation of a sediment control or-
dinance applicable to incorporated and unincorporat-
ed areas on a county-wide basis.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Erosion control, 'Water pol-
lution abatement, Water quality, Effectiveness, Ordin-
ances, Nutrients, Social effect, Economic impact, Land
use, Soil erosion, Municipalities, Regional planning,
Wisconsin, 'Washington County(Wisconsin), Institu-
tional framework.
PB-264 201/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Comparison of Wet Chemical and Instrumental
Methods for Measuring Airborne Sulfate. Interim
rept. 22 Jun 74-22 Aug 75,
California State Dept. of Health, Berkeley. Air and In-
dustrial Hygiene Lab.
B. R. Appel, E. L. Kothny, E. M. Hotter, and J. J.
Wesoiowski. Mar 76,145p EPA/600/2-76/059
Contract EPA-68-02-1660
Four techniques for determination of water soluble sul-
fate in atmospheric samples were compared including
the barium sulfate turbidimetric method, the Brosset
(barlum-Thorin) method, the automated barium-meth-
ylthymol blue procedure and a microchemical (barlum-
dinitro-sulfanazo III) colorimetric method developed at
the Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory. These, In
turn, were compared to x-ray fluorescence for determi-
nation of total sulfur, obtained independently at the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Research Triangle
Park Laboratory. The parameters studied included pre-
cision and accuracy employing standard solution and
ambient air samplec, and the Influence of twelve po-
tential interferents. The ambient air samples studied
were collected at different locations throughout the
U.S. so that the influence of different particle matrices
could be evaluated. As supplementary objectives,
analyses of paniculate matter samples collected si-
multaneously on high volume and low volume glass-
fiber filters, with and without size segregation, were
compared. Results of the study are presented. (Por-
tions of the document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: "Sulfates, Laboratory equipment, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, Air pollution, X ray analysis, Fluorescence,
Sulfur, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sam-
ples, United States, Particles, Colorimetry, Experimen-
tal design, Accuracy, Precision, Comparisons, Turbidi-
meters, 'Air pollution detection, Procedures, Brosset
method, Methylthymol blue.
PB-264 202/3 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Residential OH Furnace System Optimization-
Phase II. Final rept. Aug 75-Sep 76,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. Rocket-
dyne Div.
L. P. Combs, and A. S. Okuda. Jan 77,130p' R76-105,
EPA/600/2-77/028
Contract EPA-68-02-1819
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-250 878.
The report describes the second of a two-phase inves-
tigation into ways to improve the air pollutant emission
and thermal efficiency characteristics of residential oil
furnaces. A prototype, low-emission, warm-air furnace
(designed in Phase I to embody a number of burner
and combustor criteria for minimizing emissions com-
patible with high efficiency) was assembled and
tested. Applicability of the design criteria was demon-
strated within current conventional oil-heat industry
practices. Compared with estimated average charac-
teristics of existing installed residential furnaces and
boilers, nitrogen oxides emissions were reduced by
65% or more, and steady-state efficiency was in-
creased by a minimum of 10 percentage points. Ex-
perimental results and component changes made in
obtaining them were incorporated into a preliminary
design for an integrated low-emission furnace which
should be commercially producible and cost-competi-
tive.
Keywords: 'Oil burners, 'Furnaces, 'Residential build-
ings, 'Air pollution control, Thermal efficiency, Air fur-
naces, Combustion efficiency, Houses, Design, Proto-
types, Performance tests, Optimization, Revisions.
PB-264 203/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Particle
Collection Mechanisms: Theoretical Review. Final
rept. Dec 75-Sep 76,
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, and Richard Parker. Jan 77,96p
EPA/600/7-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2137
The report Is a critical review and evaluation of the me-
chanics of aerosols at high temperatures and pres-
sures. It discusses equations and models used to pre-
dict particle behavior at normal conditions, with regard
to their applicability at high temperatures and pres-
sures. It discusses available experimental data, con-
cluding that the data are inadequate to confirm the
projections of aerosol mechanics at high temperatures
and pressures. It presents a few examples of the ef-
fects of high temperature and pressure on the collec-
tion efficiency and power requirement of typical collec-
tion devices. It concludes, generally, that particle col-
lection at high temperatures and pressures will be
much more difficult and expensive than collection of
similar particles at low temperatures and pressures.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Aerosols, 'Particles,
'Collection, Dust control, Air filters, Diffusely, Coagu-
lation, Agglomeration, Gas flow, Specific heat Cy-
clone separators, Pressure, Temperature, Sources,
Mathematical analysis, Stationary sources, Particu-
lates.
PB-264 204/9 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
86 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Leather Tannery Waste Management Through
Process Change, Reuse and Pretreatment. Re-
search and development rept. Apr 72-Mar 75,
Pflster and Vogel Tanning Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
James M. Constantly and George B. Stockman. Jan
77,183p EPA/600/2-77/034
Grant EPA-S-801037
Reduction of tannery waste, i.e., trlvalent chromium,
sulfide and oil and grease components has been ac-
complished by process change. Protein recovery and
hydroclonic separation of solids was shown to be pos-
sible in tannery processing in reducing waste loading.
All waste load reduction was accomplished without
loss of leather quality. Waste characterization through
material balance was accomplished. Chemical reac-
tions and engineering design factors provide guidance
for other plant scale operation.
Keywords: * Water pollution control, *Tanning materi-
als, Concentration(Composition), Oils, Greases, Indus-
trial wastes, Leather, Economics, Cost estimates,
Chemical removal(Water treatment), Process charting,
Effluents, Proteins, Materials recovery, Experimental
design, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Separation, Chromium, Inor-
ganic sulfides, Pilot plants, Hydrogen sulfide, Feasibil-
ity, Calcium oxides, Oxidation, Acidification, Floccu-
lants, Circulation, Filtration, Catalysts, Operating costs,
Coagulants, Aeration, Toxiclty, 'Solid waste disposal,
Leather industry.
PB-264 205/6 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Transport of Oxldant Beyond Urban Areas.
Compilation of Data for the New England Study,
1975. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Chester W. Spicer, Darrell W. Joseph, and Gerald F.
Ward. Nov 76,398p EPA/600/3-76/109
Contract EPA-68-02-2241
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-253 736.
A study of oxidant transport was conducted In New
England over a 6-week period, from July 15 to August
22, 1975. A well equipped mobile laboratory was set
up at a rural Connecticut airport, and a long-range,
twin-engine airplane was outfitted for wide area and
vertical aerial sampling. The mobile laboratory was
equipped to continuously monitor O3, NO, NO2, NOx,
£H4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, non-methane hydrocarbon,
fluorocarbon 11 (F-11), CCI4, CO, temperature, solar
intensity, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction,
and barometric pressure. The airplane was outfitted to
continuously monitor ozone, nitric oxide, and tempera-
ture and to collect air samples In Teflon bags. The bag
samples were analyzed for Fluorocarbon 11 (F-11),
CH4, NMHC, CO, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and CCI4.
Forty-four monitoring flights were conducted during
the field study; each flight averaged approximately 3
"purs and cover between 400-500 miles. Flights were
also made to Ohio, Canada, and 250 miles out over the
ocean. The experimental methods used during the
study are described and the compiled data are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Ozone, Ethane, Methane, Nitrogen
oxides, Meteorological maps, Air pollution, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Temperature, Smog,
Transport properties, Atmospheric composition,
Graphic methods, Meteorology, Aerial surveys,
Tabies(Data), Sites, Oxidants, Continuous sampling.
Laboratories, Mobile equipment, Ethylene, Field tests,
parbon monoxide, Fluorohydrocarbons, Carbonte-
trachlorlde, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality data,
New England, Freons.
P>264 206/4 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
8O2 Oxidation In Plumes: A Review and Assess-
ment of Relevant Mechanistic and Rate Studies.
£>nal rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Rlchland, Wash.
A-Levy, D. R. Drewes, and J. M. Hales. Sep 76,104p
EPA/4150/3-76/022
Contract EPA-68-02-1982
Jhe scientific literature pertaining to the oxidation of
«32 In power plant plumes Is reviewed. Aqueous
Phase, homogeneous gas phase, and heterogeneous
8a* phase mechanisms are considered, as are actual
plume studies. The reported rates vary over a wide
range, which is not totally unexpected due to the highly
complex nature of the oxidation process, and some
general conclusions can be drawn: (1) Recent plume
studies, in general, Indicate lower rates than earlier
ones, and also suggest a coincidence between the
reappearance of ozone in the plume and oxidation of
SO2. (2) Gas phase studies indicate homogeneous re-
action of SO2 with OH radicals and heterogeneous re-
actions catalyzed by lead and iron to be perhaps the
most significant processes; (3) In the aqueous phase,
the reaction Is most effectively catalyzed by iron and
manganese, and ammonia plays an important role in
promoting the oxidation by maintaining a high pH.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Plumes, 'Electric power
plants, 'Reviews, 'Assessment, 'Air pollution, Oxida-
tion, Mathematical models, Fossil fuels, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Reaction kinetics, Aero-
sols, Chemical reactions, Concentration(Compositlon),
Water phase, Thermochemistry, Ozone, Catalysis, At-
mospheric composition, Meteorology, Chemical equi-
librium, Particles, Atmospheric models, 'Atmospheric
dispersion models, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Homogeneous reactions, Heterogeneous reactions.
PB-264 214/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Optimization of Office Paper Recovery Systems.
Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
1977,82p*EPA/SW-135c
Contract EPA-68-01-3192
This study assesses source separation of paper as a
viable resource recovery option in office buildings.
Three basic approaches to office source separation
are analyzed in terms of economics and performance
based on their performance at 12 case study locations.
The report gives an overview of source separation op-
erations and solid waste management activities, and
analyzes the major factors involved In Implementing
and running a source separation program. This Is fol-
lowed by an examination of program economics prior
to and after implementation of the source separation
subsystem using both the incremental and fully allo-
cated approaches. This study concludes that source
separation is practicable and economically viable, and
that separation of high-grade white paper using the
desk-top container approach is the most effective
method.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
'Paper, 'Office buildings, Management planning, Sep-
aration, Collection, Containers, Feasibility, waste
processing, Economic analysis, Operating costs,
* Paper recycling, Source separation.
PB-264 216/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Denver Air Pollution Study -1073. Proeeedlnge of
a Symposium. Volume II. Final rept. Jan 74-Jun 76,
Denver Research Insl, Colo.
Philip A. Russell. Feb 77,183p EPA/800/9-77/001
Grant EPA-R-803590
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-259 872.
EPA, university, and private researchers conducted a
study of Denver's urban plume during the month of No-
vember 1973. The objective of the study was to char-
acterize the pollutants that cause the appearance of
the visible colored haze, the so called 'Brown Cloud',
which frequently occurs over Denver during the fall
and winter months. Gaseous and aerosol pollutants,
and meteorological parameters were measured peri-
odically under selected conditions. In March 1975, a
symposium was held to present and discuss the re-
sults of this study. This report, Volume 2, contains im-
portant research papers given at the symposium. The
papers cover airborne instrument aircraft characteriza-
tion, optical properties of the plume, and airmass
movements in trie Denver region. (Color illustrations
reproduced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meetings, 'Urban areas,
Colorado, Haze, Meteorological data, Autumn, Winter,
Aerial surveys, Aerosols, Optical properties, Sampling,
Air masses, Atmospheric motion, Air quality mainte-
nance, 'Denver(Colorado).
PB-264 223/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Field Evaluation of an Autolsoklnetlc Stack Panic-
ulate Sampling System. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 76,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Walter S. Smith, and Emil W. Stewart. Feb 77,59p
EPA/600/2-77/035
Contract EPA-68-02-2226
The performance of a prototype autoisokinetlc stack
participate sampling system, designed to maintain
automatically isokinetic sampling conditions, was eval-
uated in field tests at stationary sources. Tests were
conducted to determine the operating limits and char-
acteristics of the system. Preliminary tests demonstrat-
ed the necessity of making several modifications to the
existing system to improve the level of performance for
the field evaluation program. Improvements were
made in the problem areas of the performance of the
mass flowmeter, flow totalizer, and flow control valve
systems and in the sampling nozzles. The autoisokine-
tic sampler was tested at four field installations select-
ed to provide a wide range of sampling conditions. The
results of the testing and analysis showed that the
sampling system maintained acceptable isokinetic
sampling rates of 100% + or -10 at only one of four
sources. An inverse relationship between the percent
of isokinetic rate and the temperature of the gas
stream being sampled was found. The evaluation re-
vealed that the sampler will operate only In the narrow
range of stack gas static pressures of + or - 3 inches
water column. The physical hardware was found to be
fragile and difficult to operate in the field. Overall, the
autoisokinetic sampling system failed to meet the
design goals.
Keywords: 'Particles, Measuring instruments, Air pol-
lution, Samplers, Field tests, Calibrating, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Mass flow, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Chimney, Flue gases,
Sites, Stationary sources, 'Air pollution sampling, •Au-
toisokinetic samplers.
PB-264 227/0 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Design Criteria for Swine Waste Treatment Sys-
tems. Final rept. Jun 71 -May 74,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering.
Frank J. Humenik, and Michael R. Overcash. Oct 76,
316p EPA/600/2-76/233
Grant EPA-R-802203
Coordinated laboratory, field pilot-, and farm-scale
lagoon studies were conducted to define relationships
between loading intensity and frequency based on
treatment performance, sludge accumulation, and
odor potential. Surface aeration of field pilot units and
farm-scale lagoons was also investigated to evaluate
aeration levels required for odor control and the effect
of surface aeration on nitrogen and organic transfor-
mations. Laboratory studies were designed to eluci-
date basic chemical, physical, and biological mecha-
nisms Important in explaining and modeling lagoon
performance. Predictive and interpretive relationships
for lagoons based on constant batch loading and con-
tinuous loading were derived to describe the superna-
tant concentration of unaerated lagoons. Lagoon liquid
from a farm-scale unit was irrigated to nine 9.24 m x
9,24 m Coastal Plain soil-Bermuda grass plots at nitro-
gen loading rates of 300, 600, and 1,200 kg N/ha./
year.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Swine, 'Agri-
cultural wastes, 'Farms, Design criteria,
Ugoons(Ponds), Sludge, Odors, Aeration, Pilot plants,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Phosphorus, Grasses, Ir-
rigation, Field tests, Nitrogen, Physical properties, Bac-
teria, Performance, Ammonia, Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Aeration ponds, 'Land disposal, Organic
loading, Coastal Plains Regkm(Unlted States),
Sewage Irrigation.
PB-264 228/8 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Alaska. Water Year
1975. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 74-30 Sep 75.
Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. Water Re-
sources Div.
Dec 76,424p USGS/WDR/AK-75/1, USGS/WRD/
HD-76/0060
December 1983 87
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water resources data for the 1975 water year for
Alaska consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and water quality of
lakes; and water levels and water quality In wells and
springs. This report contains discharge records for 107
gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging sta-
tions; water quality for 31 stations; and water levels for
19 observation wells. Also Included are 85 crest-stage
partial-record stations. These data represent that part
of the National Water Data System operated by the
U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and
Federal agencies In Alaska.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Water
quality, 'Alaska, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
TablestData), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Water
levels, 'Peak discharge, 'Hydrologfc data.
PB-264 232/0 PC A24/MF A01
International Conference on Photochemical Oxl-
d«nt Pollution and It* Control. Proceedings:
Volume I, Held at the Environmental Protection
Agency, Raleigh, North Carolina on September
12-17,1978,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Basil Dlmltrlades. Jan 77,584p' EPA/600/3-77/001 a
Prepared In cooperation with Triangle Universities
Consortium on Air Pollution, Chapel Hill, N.C. and Or-
ganization for Economic Co-Operation and Develop-
ment, Paris (France).
The proceedings consist of 97 technical papers cover-
Ing such areas as analytical methods for photochemi-
cal oxidants and precursors; causes of urban, subur-
ban, and non-urban oxidant; biological effects; oxidant
control strategies; and trends In emissions and emis-
sion control technology. The International Conference
was held in Raleigh, N.C. In September 1976. The
areas contained in this volume are as follows: analyt-
ical methods for oxidants and precursors, sources of
tropospheric ozone, ozone/oxidant transport, impact
of stratospheric ozone, theories on rural ozone/oxi-
dates, ana physiological effects of oxidants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Photochemical reactions,
'Ozone, Physiological effects, Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, Sampling, Measuring Instruments, Detectors,
Calibrating, Air pollution control, Hydrocarbons,
Plumes, Monitors, Concentration(Composition), Mete-
orology, Troposphere, Reaction kinetics, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Rural areas, Urban areas, Transport properties, Smog,
Test chambers, Stratosphere, Oxidants, Public health,
Toxiclry, Sources, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-264 233/8 PC A24/MF A01
International Conference on Photochemical Oxi-
dant Pollution and Its Control. Proceedings:
Volume II, Held at the Environmental Protection
Agency, Raleigh, North Carolina on September
12-17, toe,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Baal) Dlmitrlades. Jan 77,566p* EPA/600/3-77/001 b
Prepared in cooperation with Triangle Universities
Consortium on Air Pollution, Chapel Hill, N.C., and Or-
ganization for Economic Co-Operation and Develop-
ment, Paris (France).
The proceedings consist of 97 technical papers cover-
Ing such areas as analytical methods for photochemi-
cal oxidants and precursors; causes of urban, subur-
ban, and non-urban oxidant; biological effects; oxidant
control strategies; and trends in emissions and emis-
sion control technology. The International Conference
was held in Raleigh, N.C. In September 1976. This
volume contains the following: Physiological effects of
oxidants, effects of oxidants on vegetation, reactivity
and Its use In oxldant-related control, atmospheric
chemistry and physics, mathematical models of
ozone/oxidant air quality, oxldant-precursor relation-
ships and their Interpretation in terms of optimum strat-
egy for oxidant control, control of oxidant precursor
emissions, air quality and emission trends, on the
ozone/oxidant control strategy in U.S.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Photochemical reactions,
•Ozone, Combustion products, Physiological effects,
Oxidants, Toxicitv, Public hearth, Air pollution control,
Plants(Botany), ConcentratJon(Composition), Industri-
al wastes, Fluidized bed processing, Hydrocarbons,
Smog, Atmospheric physics, Mathematical models,
Forecasting, Troposphere, Solar flux, Measuring In-
struments, Test chambers, Experimental design, Me-
teorology, Particles, Aerosols, Exhaust emissions,
Motor vehicles, Law enforcement, Standards, Air pol-
lution erfects(Plants), Air quality, Atmospheric chemis-
try, Los Angeles reactive pollutant program, Stationary
sources.
PB-264 267/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of a Portable Device to Collect 8ul-
furlc Acid Aerosol. Interim rept. Jun 75-May 76,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
William J. Barrett, Herbert C. Miller, Joslah E. Smith,
Jr., and Christina H. Gwln. Feb 77,70p SORI-EAS-76-
397,3533-12, EPA/600/2-77/027
Contract EPA-68-02-2234
The purpose of this Investigation was to determine the
effects of possible atmospheric Interferents on the
quantitative collection of sulfurlc acid aerosol on a
filter. Sulfurlc acid aerosol was generated In the labo-
ratory with a flame atomizer and collected on Teflon fil-
ters. The filters were exposed to potential gas and
vapor Interferents and to paniculate Interferents
during, before, or after the collection of the sulfurlc
acid. Measurements of sulfurlc acid were made by an
acid-base Indicator method or by extraction with ben-
zaldehyde and titratlon. Also, sulfur evolved on heating
the filters was measured by the flame photometric
method. Ammonia, paniculate calcium carbonate, and
ambient paniculate material (collected near a busy
street) caused severe losses of sulfurlc acid; panicu-
late ferric oxide and silicate clay caused an Intermedi-
ate loss; pyrldlne and phenol vapors, paniculate fly
ash, and soot caused little or no loss; and sulfur diox-
ide and nitrogen dioxide had no effect (In the absence
of other materials).
Keywords: "Sulfurlc acid, 'Gas analysis, 'Filters, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Aerosols, Parti-
cles, Chemical analysis, Teflon, Solvent extraction, Ex-
haust emissions, Automobiles, Flame photometry, Ex-
perimental design, Volumetric analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Particle size, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Coal, Electric power plants, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-264 264/3 PC A03/MF A01
Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Waste Disposal,
New York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.
M. Grant Gross. Jul 76,37p NYSSGP-AM-76-009,
NOAA-77011904,, Atlas-Mono-26
Report on MESA New York Bight. Prepared by Johns
Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. Chesapeake Bay Inst.
Sponsored in part by Public Health Serlvce, Washing-
ton, D.C., Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C. Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort
Belvolr, Va., and National Science Foundation.
Waste solids (dredge spoil, rubble, sewage sludge,
and industrial sludge) are dumped at six major disposal
sites in New York Bight. Amounts of waste solids dis-
charged Increased between 1966 and 1975 although
the number of Individual disposal operations declined.
At the various disposal sites, wastes can be detected
by their black color, human artifacts, high carbon con-
tent (greater than 2% carbon), and metal content (high
In silver, copper, chromium, and lead). In the axis of
Hudson Channel, waste deposits locally are over 15m
(50 ft) thick and cover more than 150 sq km. The head
of Hudson Channel has been filled by waste deposits.
This physical alteration of the bottom has caused obvi-
ous changes In abundance and distribution of bottom-
dwelling organisms. Accumulations of sewage sludges
on the ocean bottom are associated with diseases In
Crustacea and fin erosion In certain bottom-dwelling
fishes. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations occur In
the disposal areas during late summer. Copyright (c)
1976 by New York Sea Grant Institute. (Color illustra-
tions reproduced In black and white.)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution,
fi miyii iU) w^swti, WGU wi i, iwiviiiivsi i, V7vuimoi iidiiwii,
Trace elements, Metals, Benthos, Ecology, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Estuaries, Harbors, Ocean currents,
Circulation, New York, New Jersey, Hudson River,
Continental shelves, Ocean waste disposal, Sea Grant
program.
PB-264 268/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Proceaa Options:
Volume II. Industry Priority Report. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,139p* EPA/600/7-76/034b
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 1, PB-262 977. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being Introduced by
energy Intensive Industries and explores the environ-
mental Impacts of such changes, volume 2 presents
and describes the over-view of the Industries consid-
ered and presents the methodology used to select In-
dustries.
Keywords: 'Industries, 'Energy conservation, 'Envi-
ronmental Impacts, 'Technology assessment, Iron
and steel industry, Paper industry, Chemical Industry,
Aluminum Industry, Metal industry, Textile industry,
Glass Industry, Ammonia, Foundries, Food Industry,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid wastes, Energy
consumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Cost esti-
mates, Substitutes, Technology innovation, Ranking,
Comparison, Reviews, Industrial sector, Cement In-
dustry, Petrochemical Industry, Copper Industry, Elec-
tric power consumption.
PB-264 269/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume III. Iron and Steel Industry Report Final
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,107p* EPA/600/7-76/034C
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 2, PB-264 268. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy Intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental Impacts of such changes, volume 3 deals with
the Iron and steel Industry and examines four alterna-
tives: (1) recovery of carbon monoxide from BOP
(basic oxygen process), (2) external desulfurization of
blast-furnace hot metal, (3) conversion from wet to dry
coke quenching, and (4) direct reduction of Iron ore, all
in terms of relative process economics and environ-
mental/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel Industry, 'Energy conserva-
tion, 'Environmental Impacts, 'Technology assess-
ment, Industries, Energy consumption, Air pollution
control, Furnaces, Industrial wastes. Water pollution
control, Metal working, Quenchlng(Coollng), Coking,
Carbon monoxide, Desulfurization, Technology as-
sessment, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Cost comparison, Reviews, Heat consumption.
PB-264 270/0 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume IV. Petroleum Refining Industry Report.
Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,193p* EPA/600/7-76/034d
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 3, PB-264 269. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being Introduced by
energy intensive Industries and explores the environ-
mental Impact of such changes. Volume 4 deals with
the petroleum refining Industry and examines five op-
tions: (1) direct combustion of asphalt In process heat-
ers and boilers, (2) hydrocracking of vacuum bottoms,
(3) flexlcoklng of vacuum bottoms, (4) Internal electri-
cal power generation, (5) hydrogen generation by par-
tial oxidation, all In terms of process economics and
environmental/energy consequences.
88 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Technology assessment, Industries, Petro-
leum refining, Asphalts, Combustion, Cracking proc-
ess, Coking, Electric power generation, Solid wastes,
Gas production, Hydrogen, Industrial wastes, Water
pollution control, Air pollution control, Energy con-
sumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Cost analysis,
Reviews, 'Petroleum refining industry, Hydrocracking,
Flexicoking, Electric power consumption, H-oil proc-
PB-264 271/8 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations ol Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Option*.
Volume V. Pulp and Paper Industry Report. Final
,
Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76, 206p* EPA/600/7-76/034e
Contract EPA-68-03-21 98
See also Volume 4, PB-264 270. Interagency Energy-
environment Research and Development Program
Report,
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy Intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 5 examines
four options in the pulp and paper industry In depth: (1 )
alkaline-oxygen pulping, (2) Rapson effluent-free kraft
Process, (3) thermo-mechanlcal pulping, and (4) delnk-
>ng of old newsprint; all in terms of relative economics
and environmental/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Energy conservation,
Environmental impacts, 'Technology assessment, In-
dustries, Pulping, Sulfate pulping, Printing inks, Paper-
maWng, Energy consumption. Fuel consumption, Elec-
tricity, Air pollution control. Water pollution control, In-
dustrial wastes, Solid wastes, Boilers, Cost analysis,
Reviews, Electric power consumption.
PB-284 272/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume VI. Oleflns Industry Report
Ljttle (Arthur D.J, Inc., Cambridge. Mass.
gee 76, 154p" EPA/600/7-76/034f
Contract EPA-68-03-21 98
fee also Volume 5, PB-264 271. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
y Intensive industries and explores the envtron-
l impacts of such changes. Volume 6 deals with
Industry and the utilization of naphtha and
gas oil as alternative feedstocks to
ne. Relative process economics and en-
ena energy consequences of both naphtha
•"d atmospheric gas oil coll cracking are examined
•nd compared with a base line plant using ethane-pro-
Pfe as a feedstock. A brief analysis is also made of
"to emerging technologies for producing define.
Keywords: "Chemical industoy, 'Energy conservation,
Environmental impacts, 'Technology assessment,
*««ne hydrocarbons, Cracking process, Py"?lysl8,Air
PjMutlon control, Water pollution control. Industrial
**«««. Solid wastes, Energy consumption, Fuel con-
•urnpten, Electricity, Cost analysis, Reviews, Gas alls,
Jjjfww. 'Oleflns industry, Feedstocks, Electric power
°°n»umption.
E5-W4 273/4 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
|**jjoniMntal Considerations of 8*lMtwiJ|Z£n^
V2|u"ne m Ammonlslndurtry Report Final rept.
y«w (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
8*76. 106p* EPA/600/7-76/034g
S^act EPA-68-03-21 98
2|» also Volume 6, PB-264 272. Interagency Energy-
Rwearch *"* Development Program
2)51 «udy assesses the likelihood of new process
Sfwotofly and new practices being Introduced by
•"•"By Intensive Industries and explores the envlron-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 7 deals with
the ammonia Industry and analyzes the production of
ammonia based on coal gasification and the produc-
tion of ammonia based on heavy oil gasification in
terms of process economics and environmental/
energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Energy conservation,
'Environmental impacts, 'Technology assessment, In-
dustries, Ammonia, Coal gasification, Energy con-
sumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Solid wastes, Cost analysis, Reviews, 'Ammonia in-
dustry, Oil gasification, Electric power consumption.
PB-264 274/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume VIII. Alumina/Aluminum Industry Report.
Final rept.
Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,155p* EPA/600/7-76/034H
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 7, PB-264 273. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being Introduced by
energy Intensive Industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes, volume 8 deals with
the alumina/aluminum Industry. The report examines
three new process developments for producing alumi-
na from domestic clays as alternatives to the Bayer
process: (1) nitric acid teaching process, (2) hydrochlo-
ric add leaching process, (3) clay chlorinatten (such as
the Toth alumina process), and two process changes
for the production of aluminum: (1) the Alcoa chloride
electrolysis process and (2) the application of titanium
dlboride cathodes to the conventional Hall-Heroult
tells. All of these alternatives are discussed in terms of
relative process economics and environmental/
energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Aluminum industry, 'Energy conservation,
'Environmental impacts, 'Technology assessment, In-
dustries, Aluminum oxide, Energy consumption, Fuel
consumption, Electricity, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Industrial wastes, Solid wastes, Cost
analysis, Reviews, Electric power consumption.
PB-264 275/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Consideration* of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume IX. Textile Industry Report Final rept.
Llttie (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76.90p* EPA/600/7-76/034i
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 8, PB-264 274. Interagency Energy-
Environment Reseach and Development Program
Report
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy Intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental Impacts of such changes. Volume 0 deals with
the textile Industry and examines the environmental
energy and economic Impacts of three model technol-
ogies:'(1) integrated knit fabric mill using advanced
processing of 100% polyester fiber, (2) Integrated knit
fabric mill using solvent processing of 100% polyester
fiber, and (3) Integrated woven fabric mill using ad-
vanced processing of 50/50 polyester cotton fiber mix-
ture, all In comparison with a base line technology rep-
resenting the best of present textile industry practice.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Energy conservation,
•Environmental Impacts, 'Technology assessment, In-
dustries, Knitted fabrics, Woven fabrics, Textile proc-
ewes Dyeing. Textile finishing, Synthetic fibers,
Energy consumption, Fuel consumption, EtecWcity, In-
du*Mal wastes. Water pollution control, Cost analysis,
Reviews, Electric power consumption.
M.9M 276/7 PC A07/MF A01
JrSStrta| Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume X. Cement Industry Report Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,132p* EPA/600/7-76/034J
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 9, PB-264 275. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being Introduced by
energy intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 10 deals with
the cement industry and examines four options: (1)
suspension preheater, (2) flash calciner, (3) fluid-bed
cement process, and (4) conversion to coal fuel from
oil and natural gas, all in terms of process economics
and environmental/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Environmental Im-
pacts, 'Technology assessment, Portland cement, In-
dustries, Heating equipment, Roasters, Fluidized bed
processing. Kilns. Energy consumption, Fuel con-
sumption, Electricity, Air pollution control, Water pollu-
tion control, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, Reviews,
•Cement Industry, Electric power consumption.
PB-264 277/6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume XI. Glass Industry Report Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,127p* EPA/600/7-78/034k
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 10, PB-264 276. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy Intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 11 deals with
the glass industry and examines five alternatives: (1)
coal gasification, (2) direct coal firing, (3) electric melt-
ing, (4) coal, hot gas regeneration, and (5) batch pre-
heating in terms of their impact on relative process
economics and their environmental/energy conse-
quences.
Keywords: 'Glass industry, 'Energy conservation,
'Environmental Impacts, 'Technology assessment, In-
dustries, Coal gasification, Melting furnaces, Electric
furnaces, Heating, Energy consumption, Fuel con-
sumption, Electricity, Air pollution control, Water pollu-
tion control, Industrial wastes, Solid wastes, Cost anal-
ysis, Reviews, Electric power consumption.
PB-264 278/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Option*:
Volume XII. Chlor-Alkall Industry Report Final
rept
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,90p* EPA/600/7-76/034
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 11, PB-264 277. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being Introduced by
energy Intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental Impacts of such changes. Volume 12 examines
options In the chlor-alkali Industry relating to dia-
phragm and mercury cell technology, Including dimen-
sionally stable anodes, ion-exchange membranes and
stabilized asbestos diaphragms In terms of relative
process economics and environmental/energy conse-
quences.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Energy conservation,
•Environmental impacts, •Technology assessment,
•Chlorine, 'Sodium hydroxide, Industries, Energy con-
sumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Solid wastes. Membranes, Dtaphragms(Mechanics),
Production, Cost analysis, Reviews, Electric power
consumption, Mercury cells.
December 1983 89
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-264 279/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume XMI. Phosphoric Acid Industry Report.
Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,96p' EPA/600/7-76/034m
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 12, PB-264 278. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 13 deals with
the phosphorus and phosphoric acid industry and ex-
amines four alternatives: (1) chemical cleanup of wet-
process phosphoric acid, (2) solvent extraction proc-
ess for wet-process phosphoric acid, (3) byproduct sul-
furic acid for wet-process phosphoric acid, and (4)
strong acid system for wet-process phosphoric acid in
terms of relative process economics and environmen-
tal/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Energy conservation,
'Environmental impacts, 'technology assessment,
'Phosphorus, 'Phosphoric acid, Industries, Energy
consumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Industrial
wastes, Solid wastes, Air pollution control, Water pollu-
tion control, Cost analysis, Reviews, Electric power
consumption.
PB-264 280/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume XIV. Primary Copper Industry Report.
Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76,144p' EPA/600/7-76/034n
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 13, PB-264 279. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 14 deals with
the primary copper industry and examines six alterna-
tives: (1) Outokumpu flash smelting, (2) Noranda proc-
ess, (3) Mitsubishi process, (4) oxygen use in smelting,
(5) metal recovery from slags (flotation or electric fur-
nace), and (6) Arbiter process, all in terms of relative
economics and environmental/energy consequences.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Energy conservation,
•Environmental impacts, 'Technology assessment In-
dustries, Industrial wastes, Solid wastes, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Smelting, Energy con-
sumption, Fuel consumption, Electricity, Slags, Flota-
tion, Pyrometallurgy, Metallurgical furnaces, Cost anal-
ysis, Reviews, 'Copper industry, Electric power con-
sumption, Outokumpu flash smelting, Noranda proc-
ess, Mitsubishi process, Arbiter process.
PB-264 281/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process Options:
Volume XV. Fertilizer Industry Report Final rept
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Dec 76, 74p* EPA/600/7-76/0340
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 14, PB-264 280. Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program
Report.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Volume 15 deals with
the fertilizer industry and examines two areas in which
energy conservation and pollution control are in con-
flict the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from
nitric add plants and switching from natural gas to fuel
oil for firing fertilizer dryers where emissions are pres-
ently controlled by bag filters.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Energy conservation, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'Technology assessment, Indus-
tries, Industrial wastes, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution control, Nitrogen oxides, Energy consumption,
Fuel consumption, Electricity, Fuel substitution, Cost
analysis, Reviews, 'Fertilizer industry, Electric power
consumption.
PB-264 282/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Design Parameters for the Land Application of
Dairy Manure. Final rept,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy.
S. D. Klausner, P. J. Zwerman, and D. R. Coote. Oct
76,265p EPA/600/2-76/187
Grant EPA-S-800 767
The effects of climate, application rate of dairy
manure, timing of application and soil management
practice were studied in relation to discharge of nitro-
gen and phosphorus via surface runoff, sediment and
tile effluent. Losses of nutrients from the land were in-
fluenced by the rate and timing of manure application
in addition to the type of climatological event causing
runoff. The greatest discharge of nutrients resulted
from applying manure on actively melting snow.
Modest rates of application made in the winter during
non-snowmelt periods resulted in minimal losses. Con-
centrations of nitrogen in surface runoff as measured
over time, were lower than those found in tile effluent.
A computer model dealing with the economic impact of
control legislation was developed. Modeling ap-
proaches to farm scale environmental problems are
feasible if assumptions and simplifications do not influ-
ence the results too greatly, or in ways which are un-
predictable.
Keywords: H*Land use, 'Manures, 'Dairy cattle,
Design, Nutrients, Losses, Soils, Drainage, Nitrogen,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Runoff,
Sediments, Computerized simulation, Yield, Climate.
PB-264 283/3 PC A06/MF A01
The Cost of Removing Chloroform and Other Trl-
halomethanes from Drinking Water Supplies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Robert M. Clark, Daniel L. Guttman, John L. Crawford,
and John A. Machisko. Mar 77,114p* EPA/600/1-77/
008
This research effort was conducted to provide an in-
depth examination of the costs associated with the use
of activated carbon, ozonation, aeration, and chlorine
dioxide for removal of trihalomethanes. The costs pre-
sented in this report are intended for the development
of planning estimates only and not for the preparation
of bid documents or detailed cost estimates. Exact
capital and operating costs are highly variable from lo-
cation to location within the United States, even for
plants of the same size and design. These costs are
presented in such a way as to enable the planner to
make adjustments to the reported costs when local in-
formation is available. Standardized levels for a select-
ed set of design parameters are assumed and sensitiv-
ity analysis is performed for the majority of the param-
eters.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Chloroform, 'Halohy-
drocarbons, 'Methane, 'Cost estimates, Potable
water, Activated carbon, Ozonation, Chlorine oxides,
Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Aeration, Econom-
ic analysis, Graphic methods, Labor estimates, Disin-
fection, Water pollution control.
PB-264 284/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
HP-65 Programmable Pocket Calculator Applied
to Air Pollution Measurement Studies: Stationary
Sources. User Handbook Nov 75-Oct 76,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
James W. Ragland, Kenneth M. Gushing, Joseph D.
McCain, and Wallace B. Smith. Oct 76,124p SORI-
EAS-76-447, EPA/600/8-76/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The handbook Is Intended for persons concerned with
air pollution measurement studies of stationary indus-
trial sources. It gives detailed descriptions of 22 differ-
ent programs written specifically for the Hewlett Pack-
ard Model HP-65 card-programmable pocket calcula-
tor. For each program there is: a general description,
formulas used in the problem solution, numerical ex-
amples, user instructions, and program listings. Areas
covered include: Methods 1 through 8 of the EPA Test
Codes (Federal Register, 12/23/71), calbiration of a
flame photometric detector by the permeation tube
technique, determination of channel concentrations
for a droplet measuring device, resistivity and electric
field strength measurements, determination of stack
velocity, nozzle diameter, and isokinetic delta H for a
high volume stack sampler, and several programs for
cascade impactors. Cascade impactor programs in-
clude: determination of impactor stage cut points, cal-
culation of the square root of the Stokes number for
round-jet and for rectangular-slot geometries, nozzle
selection and determination of delta H for isokinetic
sampling, determining of sampling time required to col-
lect 50 mg total sample, determination of impactor flow
rate, sample volume, and mass loading, and calcula-
tion of cumulative concentration curves and their dif-
ferentials.
Keywords: 'Programming manuals, 'Calculators,
Stokes law(Fluid mechanics), Industrial wastes, Flame
photometry, Detectors, Concentration(Composttion),
Drops(Liquid), Nozzles, Flow rate, Carbon dioxide, Mo-
lecular weight, Flue gases, Electric fields, Field
strength, Impactors, Samples, Numerical analysis, Sul-
furic acid, Nitrogen oxides, Water vapor, Sulfur dioxide,
Combustion products, Kinetics, Air pollution, Particles,
Stationary sources, 'Air pollution sampling, EPA
method 2, Cascade Impactors, EPA method 1, EPA
method 3, EPA method 4, EPA method 5, EPA method
6, EPA method 7, EPA method 8, Isokinetics, HP 65
calculators.
PB-264 288/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos Fibers In Discharges from Selected
Mining and Milling Activities. Part III. Final rept,
McCrone (Walter C.) Associates, Inc., Chicago, III.
Ian M. Stewart, Richard E. Putscher, Howard J.
Humecki, and Richard J. Shimps. Jan 77,50p MA-
4200, EPA/560/6-77-001
Contract EPA-68-01-2690
The Office of Toxic Substances of the Environmental
Protection Agency has sponsored a nationwide survey
to determine the Impact of point and non-point sources
on levels of waterborne asbestos. Part 1 of the final
report presented the results of analyses of water from
the ten Regional cities. Part 2 of the final report pre-
sented the results of the analyses of water from natu-
ral sources and from point sources manufacturing as-
bestos products. Part 3 of the final report, contained
herein, presents the results of the analyses of water
from point sources associated with the mining and mill-
ing of potentially asbestos bearing rocks. The results
of these analyses Indicate that a variety of mineral ore
types may have asbestos minerals associated with
them and that these fibers are liberated into their ef-
fluents. In some instances, however, the final effluent
has little Impact on levels in the local surface water
which already have high asbestos contents.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Mining, 'Water pollution. Sur-
veys, Environmental Impacts, Urban areas, Water
quality, Concentratlon(Composltion), Sources, Manu-
facturing, Gold, Asbestos deposits, Fibers, Surface
waters, Compounding, Vermiculite, Tata, Copper,
'Water quality data, 'Asbestos industry.
PB-264 301/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Background Document Acid Sulftte Pulping. Fine)
rept,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, Fla.
Al Llnero, and Thomas F. Lahre. Jan 77,38p EPA/
450/3-77/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1402
See also PB-264 302.
The sulfite pulping industry primarily Is characterized
by the type of base chemical used in conjunction with
sulfurous acid to effect dellgniflcatlon of gymnoaperm
woods. It further Is characterized by the level of acidity
during the digestion operation and by the extent of re-
covery of chemicals and waste heat This report de-
scribes the methodology used In obtaining emission
90 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'actors for AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emis-
sion Factors on acid sulflte pulping.
Keywords: *Paper industry, 'Sulfite pulping, *Air pollu-
tion, Chemical pulping, Acidity, Materials recovery,
Methodology, Combustion products, Design criteria,
Process charting, Sulfur dioxide, Industrial wastes,
Particles, Heat recovery, Fortifications, Gymnosperm
wood, 'Emission factors.
PB-284 302/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
p«rk, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Background Document: Bagasse Combustion In
|«g»r Mills,
environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
Rpbert Baker, and Thomas F. Lahre. Jan 77, 45p EPA/
J50/3-77/007
Contract EPA-68-02-1 402
See also PB-223 996.
Jnto to a background document In support of the con-
tents of Section 1.8 of AP-2, Compilation of Air Pollut-
ant Emtogfor, Factors, Second Edition. It concerns the
"jajor criteria pollutants emitted during the combustion
01 bagasse (a fiberous waste product In a sugar cane
"P In steam boilers. The general aspects of mill oper-
atwns, physical characteristics of the bagasse and its
pornbustion, furnace designs, air pollution control de-
Spes and factors affecting emissions are described.
stack emission tests are reviewed and analyzed for In-
c*u«on in the data base for developing factors for par-
jculate and NOx emission while firing bagasse or ba-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neering, Monitors, Systems engineering, Drugs, Un-
derwater environments, Cognition, Gases, Toxicology,
Microbiology, Heat stress, Osteonecrosis, Protocols,
Occupational safety and health, High pressure nerv-
ous syndrome.
PB-264 441-SET PC E17
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutants.
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
Oct76,1425p-in5v
Set includes PB-264 442 thru PB-264 446.
No abstract available.
PB-264 442/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutant*,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
B. Fuller, J. Hushon, M. Kornreich, R. Quellette, and L.
Thomas. Oct 76,114p* EPA/450/3-77/008a
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-264 441-
SET.
This report presents a scheme for evaluating the rela-
tive hazard to humans resulting from air emissions of
synthetic organic chemicals. Data on production, frac-
tion lost during production, volatility, and toxicity have
been compiled for 637 organic chemicals. Numerical
scores were then assigned based on these data. Four
appendices were published with this report The ap-
pendices are dossiers containing chemistry, produc-
tion, and toxicity data for the 637 synthetic organic
chemicals.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
•Chemical industry, Pesticides, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Toxicity, Chemical properties,
Vapor pressure, Adsorption, Utilization, Malignant neo-
plasms, Methodology, Ranking, Data analysis, Manu-
facturing, Information systems, Public hearth, Volatility,
Physical properties, Statistical analysis, Sources.
PB-264 443/3 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutant*. Appendix 1. Chemistry, Production, and
Toxicity of Chemicals A Through C,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
J. Dortoan, B. Fuller, and R. Duffy. Oct 76,330p* EPA/
450/3-77/008b
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
See also PB-264 442.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-264 441-
SET.
This Is the first of a series of four appendices to the
report 'Scoring of Organic Air Pollutants.' The entire
appendix contains a compilation of available data on
chemical structure and properties, environmental per-
sistence, production, and toxicity for 637 synthetic or-
ganic chemicals. This volume covers the chemicals
acenaphthene through cyprex.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
•Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Toxicity, Chemical properties, Manufactur-
ing, Public health, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB-264 444/1 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutants. Appendix 11. Chemistry, Production, and
Toxicity of Chemicals 0 Through E,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
J. Dorigan, B. Fuller, and R. Duffy. Oct 76,336p* EPA/
450/3-77/008C
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
See also Appendix 1, PB-264 443.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-264 441-
SET.
92 Vol. 83, No. 26
This is the second of a series of four appendices to the
report 'Scoring of Organic Air Pollutants.' The entire
appendix contains a compilation of available data on
chemical structure and properties, environmental per-
sistence, production, and toxicity for 637 synthetic or-
ganic chemicals. This volume covers the chemicals
dacthal through ethyl silicate.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
•Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Toxicity, Chemical properties, Manufactur-
ing, Public health, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB-264 44S/8 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutants. Appendix III. Chemistry, Production, and
Toxicity of Chemicals F.Through N,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
J. Dorigan, B. Fuller, and R. Duffy. Oct 76,312p* EPA/
450/3-77/008d
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
See also Appendix 2, PB-264 444.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-264 441 -
SET.
This is the third of a series of four appendices to the
report 'Scoring of Organic Air Pollutants.' The entire
appendix contains a compilation of available data on
chemical structure and properties, environmental per-
sistence, production, and toxicity for 637 synthetic or-
ganic chemicals. This third volume covers the chemi-
cals ferbam through nonyl phenol.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
'Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Toxicity, Chemical properties, Manufactur-
ing, Public health, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB-264 446/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Preliminary Scoring of Selected Organic Air Pol-
lutants. Appendix IV. Chemistry, Production, and
Toxicity of Chemical* O Through Z,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
J. Dorigan, B. Fuller, and R. Duffy. Oct 76,333p* EPA/
450/3-77/008e
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
See also Appendix 3, PB-264 445.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-264 441-
SET.
This is the fourth of a series of four appendices to the
report 'Scoring of Organic Air Pollutants.' The entire
appendix contains a compilation of available data on
chemical structure and properties, environmental per-
sistence, production, and toxicity for 637 synthetic or-
ganic chemicals. This fourth volume covers the chemi-
cals octyl alcohol through zinc stearate. Also It con-
tains a chemical name index.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
•Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Toxicity, Chemical properties, Manufactur-
ing, Public health, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB-264 452/4 PC A06/MF A01
Urban Runoff Pollution Control Technology Over-
view. Final rept,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, Anthony N. Tafuri, and Hugh E. Masters.
Mar 77,103p EPA/600/2-77/047
See also PB-252 223.
This overview describes the major elements of the
Urban Runoff Pollution Control Program. Problem Defi-
nition, User Assistance Tools, Management Alterna-
tives and Technology Transfer are covered, including
some of the highlights of the Program's future direction
and products from over 1 SO of Its research projects.
References are cited for completed Program reports,
ongoing Program projects, and In-house documents.
Capital cost comparisons for storm and combined
sewer control/treatment are given, along with a specif-
ic example of cost-effect solution for urban runoff pol-
lution control by in-line storage In Seattle. In a study
done in Des Moines, using a simplified receiving water
model, four control alternatives were compared, con-
sidering cost and effectiveness in terms of a frequency
of D.O. standard violations.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, "Urban areas, 'Water pollution control, Sur-
veys, Project planning, Overflows, Storm sewers,
Waste water, Water, Cost effectiveness, Management,
Water storage, Mathematical models, * Urban hydrol-
ogy, Storm water runoff.
PB-264 477/1 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for California, 1975.
Volume IV. Northern Central Valley Basin* and
The Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to
Oregon State Line. Annual rept. f Oct 74-30 Sep 75.
Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif. Water Re-
sources Div.
Nov 76,414p USGS/WRD/HD-76/044, USGS/WDR/
CA-75/4
Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service,
Washington, D.C., San Diego City Water Utilities Dept,
Calif., Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D.C., Cali-
fornia State Dept. of Water Resources, Sacramento,
and Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. See also
Volume 3, PB-264 476.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, PB-264 473-
Volume 4 of water resources data for the 1975 water
year for California consists of records of stage, dis-
charge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents,
and water quality In lakes and reservoirs; and water
levels In wells. This report contains discharge records
for 199 gaging stations; stage-only records for 1
gaging station; stage and contents for 30 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 84 stations, and water
levels for 3 observation wells. Also included are 24
crest-stage partial-record stations and 4 low-flow par-
tial-record stations. These data represent that part of
the National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies in California.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Water
quality, 'California, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Water
levels, 'Peak discharge, 'Hydrologic data.
PB-264 495/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measurement of Dry Deposition of Fossil Fuel
Plant Pollutant*. Final rept. 24 Jun 74-24 Jun 76,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash.
J. G. Droppo, D. W. Glover, A. B. Abbey, C. W. Spicer,
and J. Cooper. Nov 76,135p EPA/600/4-76/056
Contract EPA-68-02-1747
Dry removal of air pollutants from fossil fuel plants is
considered from both a modeling and measurement
viewpoint. Literature on dry deposition rates is summa-
rized and the processes involved in dry deposition are
discussed. The dry deposition of SO2, 03, NOx, and
NO, as well as total sulfur and lead particles are con-
sidered. A prototype field data acquisition system was
developed, assembled, and tested. Deposition veloci-
ties were computed for each field test, the sulfur diox-
ide profiles gave reasonable estimates of the dry dep-
osition values, comparable to those in the literature.
They varied from 0.10 to 2.38 cm/sec for the test runs.
Values for the O3 deposition velocities were very
small. The results for NO varied over a wide range,
with the number of profiles measured in the test runs
insufficient for reaching a definitive conclusion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Profiles, Surfaces, Electric
power plants, Fossil fuels, Field tests, Mathematical
models, Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur,
Lead(Metal), Particles, Meteorological data,
ConcentratlonfComposltlon), Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Aerosols, Experimental design, 'Dry
methods, 'Fossil fuel power plants, Surface layer pro-
file method, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-264 409/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Greg.
North Waubay Lake, Day County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,29p Working Paper-828
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept, of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
o' the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "North Waubay Lake,
Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, South
Dakota, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
'evel, Organic loadings, 'Day County(South Dakota).
PB-264 500/0 PC A03/MF A01
porvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Madison, Lake County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,34p Working Paper-612
prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
"ie lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°' the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
°< the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Madison, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
autfates, Concentratlon(Composltion), Mathematical
njodels, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
Biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
'jow, Tables(Data), Assessments, South Dakota,
Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
ganic loadings, 'Lake County(South Dakota).
£8-264 612/5 PC A03/MF A01
jx>rvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
|>«erfleld Lake, Pennlngton County, South Dakota.
Hnal rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,41p Working Paper-607
"spared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
|"9 and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
"ept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
"je lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°; the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
•Jjo provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
™onal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Deerfleld Lake, Surveys,
IjUtrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
^Jates, Concentratfon(Composition), Mathematical
Pwtels, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Rankton, Fresh water
jjioiogy, Environmental Impacts, Hydrology, Stream
•2*' Tables(Data), Assessments, South Dakota,
Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
aanic loadings, 'Pennington County(South Dakota).
£8-284 514/1 PC A03/MF A01
rSyallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
=•"• Mitchell, Davlson County, South Dakota.
nnal rept.
Tftional Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
J«n 77, sop Working Paper-613
rrepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
«jg and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
- of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
"w lake were estimated and subdivided according to
"raTer point or non-point source origin. An assessment
w the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mitchell, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composltion), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, South Dakota,
'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
ganic loadings, 'Davison County(South Dakota).
PB-264 528/1 PC A12/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration,
Washington, D.C. Office of Fossil Energy.
Application of Fluldlzed-Bed Technology to In-
dustrial Boiler*. Final rept. Jul 75-Sep 76,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
M. H. Farmer, E. M. Magee, and F. M. Spooner. Jan 77,
275p* EXXON/GRU.1DJAR.77, EPA/600/7-77/011
Intaragency Energy-Environment Research and De-
velopment Program Report.
The report gives results of a paper study of the appli-
cation potential of coalfired fluidized-bed boilers
(FBB's) in the industrial use sector. It considers: the
ability of coal-fired FBB's to meet the requirements of
industrial users, including cost, reliability, maintainabil-
ity, design, and performance requirements; the maxi-
mum, minimum, and most likely demand for such boil-
ers in the industrial sector; the application effect of
such boilers on the national fuel demand; the econom-
ic impact of industrial application of such boilers; and
the environmental aspects of industrial FBB applica-
tion. Study results suggest that industrial FBB's burn-
ing high-sulfur coal offer a cost advantage over equiva-
lent conventional coal-fired boilers with flue gas desul-
furization; with low-sulfur coals capable of meeting
emission standards without SO2 controls, the costs of
FBB's and conventional boilers are comparable. On
this basis, the most likely projected degree of applica-
tion of FBB's in the industrial sector in the year 2000 is
2.97 x 10 to the 15th power Btu/year. SO2, NOx, and
paniculate emissions from industrial coal-fired FBB's
can be reduced to levels below those specified in cur-
rent Federal emission standards for large coal-fired
boilers.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Boilers, 'Air
pollution control, 'Energy consumption, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Cost estimates, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Coal, Flue gases, Com-
parisons, Maintainability, Desulfurizatlon, Utilization,
Forecasting, Particles, Solid wastes, Operating costs,
Manufacturing, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Low
sulfur coal, High sulfur coal, Air quality, Solid waste dis-
posal.
PB-264 529/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Outlook for FY 1977
through FY 1981: Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Feb 77,196p EPA/600/9-77/002
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-250 523.
This report is the second of a series of annual reports
to Congress presenting a five-year projection of envi-
ronmental research activities to be conducted by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The general
role of environmental research is discussed In the con-
text of the Agency's regulatory and assistance func-
tions and the National goal of protecting and enhanc-
ing the environment Anticipated research over the
next five years is discussed for each of the fourteen
subprograms, as well as for six 'current interest mod-
ules' which cut across several of the subprograms.
The dominant programs in the forecast period are
health effects studies and energy-related comprehen-
sive environmental research. Impacts of level and In-
creasing budgets on scheduling of program outputs
are discussed
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Environmental impacts, 'Re-
search management, 'Solid waste disposal, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Government policies, Public
health, Ecology, Hazardous materials, Toxlcity, Pesti-
cides, Industrial wastes, Transport properties, Regula-
tions, Management planning, Legislation, Monitor
Sampling, Systems analysis, Cost analysis, Water
lutton control, Air pollution control, waste recyc
Priorities, Environmental Protection Agency, ~~"
agencies.
PB-264 836/4 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Comparison of Flue Qas Desulfurizatlon, Coal Liq-
uefaction, and Coal Gasification for Use at Coal-
Fired Power Plants. Final rept.
Kellogg (M. W.) Co., Houston, Tex. Research and En-
gineering Development.
Apr 75, f 58D* EPA/450/3-75/047
Contract EPA-68-02-1308
The report presents a technical and economic com-
parison of the use of flue gas desulfurization, coal liq-
uefaction, and coal gasification as a means of prevent-
ing SO2 emissions at coal-fired power plants. The
report assesses the status of technology, process
complexity, process flexibility, environmental effects,
Installation difficulties, energy conversion efficiency,
manpower requirements, and economics of each ap-
proach to controlling SO2 as it would be applied to
electric power plants. Three different flue gas desulfur-
ization systems were evaluated as well as one coal liq-
uefaction and one coal gasification processes. Two
power plant cases are evaluated, an existing 500 MW
plant operating at 60 percent load factor and a new
1,000 MW plant operating at 80 percent load factor.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Desulfurization, 'Electric power
plants, Performance evaluation, Economics, Cost esti-
mates, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Coal, Flue gases,
Sulfur, Energy consumption, Calcium oxides,
disposal, Scrubbers, Process charting, Design <
Comparisons, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Coal liquefac-
tion, 'Air pollution abatement, High sulfur fuels, Low
Btu gases, Solvent-refined coal, Wet methods, Well-
man process, Solid waste disposal.
PB-264 543/0 PC A06/MF A01
Federal Energy Administration, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy Conservation and Environment.
Guidelines for Industrial Boiler Performance Im-
provement. (Boiler Adjustment Procedures to
Minimize Air Pollution and To Achieve Efficient
Use of Fuel),
KVB, Inc., Tustln, Calif.
Michael W. McElroy, and Dale E. Shore. Jan 77,107p
KVB-6001/8300-461, EPA/600/8-77/003a
Contract EPA-68-02-1074
Sponsored in part by Federal Energy Administration,
Washington, D.C. Office of Energy Conservation and
Environment. See also report dated Oct 75, PB-248
292.
Recommended procedures for improving industrial
boiler performance to minimize air pollution and to
achieve efficient use of fuel are given. It Is Intended for
use by Industrial boiler operators to perform an effi-
ciency and emissions tune-up on boilers firing gas, oil,
or coal. Portions of the guidelines are also Intended for
plant engineers interested In Initiating preventive main-
tenance and boiler efficiency monitoring practices to
maintain peak boiler operating efficiency. Background
material on nitrogen oxides reduction techniques, the
cost of combustion modifications, methods and equip-
ment for efficiency improvement, and a discussion of
combustion generated air pollutants are Included.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Man-
uals, Smog, Particles, Rue gases, Nitrogen oxides, Oil
burners, Furnaces, Combustion, Carbon monoxide,
Heat transfer, " "
nance, I
mendattons, . .. .
Energy conservation, 'Combustion modification, Par-
ticulates.
PB-264 662/0 CP T04
Synoptic Rainfall Data Analysis Program (8YNOP).
Release No. 1. Software,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Daniel Szumskl, Dolloff F. Bishop, and Richard G
Ellers. Dec 76, mag tape EPA/600/9-76/014a, EPA/
DF-77/002
Source tape is In EBCDIC character set. Tape(s) can
be prepared In most standard 7 or track recording
modes for one-half Inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products H you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-264 563
December 1983 93
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An integral part of the assessment of storm loads on
water quality is the statistical evaluation of rainfall
records. Hourly rainfall records of many years duration
are cumbersome and difficult to analyze. The purpose
of this rainfall data analysis program is to provide the
user with a tool for summarizing and statistically char-
acterizing a rainfall record of interest using U.S.
Weather Bureau magnetic tapes. Statistical analysis of
variables of interest (volume, duration, intensity, and
time between storms) are given to determine seasonal
trends which are of importance in accessing impacts
and selecting control alternatives for storm related
loads. The program is written in the Fortran program-
ming language for implementation on an IBM 1130
computer using the DMS, version 2 operating system.
32K bytes of core storage are required to operate the
model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Water quality, 'Rainfall,
Storms, Magnetic tapes, Statistical analysis, Computa-
tion, Fortran, 'Synop computer program.
PB-264 563/8 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Synoptic Rainfall Data Analysis Program (SYNOP).
Final rept.
Hydroscience, Inc., Westwood, N.J.
Jul 76,115p EPA/600/9-76/014b,, EPA/DF-77/002a
Contract EPA-68-03-2428
For system on magnetic tape, see PB-264 562.
An integral part of the assessment of storm loads on
water quality is the statistical evaluation of rainfall
records. Hourly rainfall records of many years duration
are cumbersome and difficult to analyze. The purpose
of this rainfall data analysis program is to provide the
user with a tool for summarizing and statistically char-
acterizing a rainfall record of interest using U.S.
Weather Bureau magnetic tapes. Statistical analysis of
variables of interest (volume, duration, intensity, and
time between storms) are given to determine seasonal
trends which are of importance in accessing impacts
and selecting control alternatives for storm related
loads.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Rainfall, 'Computer pro-
grams, Storms, Surface water runoff, Statistical analy-
sis, Computation, Fortran, Tables(Data), 'Synop com-
puter program, IBM 1130 computers.
PB-264 575/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
State Taxation of Mineral Deposits and Produc-
tion. Final rept.,
Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C. Eco-
nomic Development Div.
Thomas F. Stinson. Jan 77,53p* EPA/600/7-77/008
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., St.
Paul.
Development of energy resources in the more rural
western states is likely to create severe financial prob-
lems for some state and local governments. This new
economic activity, with population in-migration and
greater demand for public services, will generate a
need for more government revenues. Increased use of
mineral taxation is one way of financing the new serv-
ices without increasing the tax burden on the area's
existing residents. Four mineral taxes-ad valorem,
severance, gross production, and net production-are
described and evaluated. Taxes are compared on the
basis of ease of administration, social justice, consist-
ency with national economic goals, and revenue ade-
quacy. Some states have enacted special programs
designed to ease the front end problem. Programs in
Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming are dis-
cussed but not evaluated.
Keywords: 'Public administration, 'State government,
•Mineral deposits, 'Taxes, Population growth. Financ-
ing, Energy, Economic development, Coal mining.
Local government, Rural areas, Surveys, Projects,
United States, Western RegiontUnited States).
PB-264 579/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Albert, Klngsbury County, South Dakota.
Final rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,32p Working Paper-598
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Ney., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Albert, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Kingsbury County(South Dakota).
PB-264 580/2 PC A14/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In Georgia, Series
E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Oct75,314p
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the seven SMSA's of the
State of Georgia and the individual non-SMSA coun-
ties, from 1950 to 2020. These data are a further
breakdown of information contained in the U.S. Water
Resources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections of Re-
gional Economic Activity in the United States, Series E
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'Georgia, 'Economic forecasting, History, Pro-
jection, Statistical data, Industries, Employment, Earn-
ings, Income, Populations, Metropolitan areas, Munici-
palities, Counties, United States, Southeast
Region(Unlted States), Standard metropolitan statisti-
cal areas.
PB-264 581/0 PC A06/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In South Carolina,
Series E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Dec 75,125p
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div. See also PB-264 580.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the four SMSA's of the State
of South Carolina and the individual non-SMSA coun-
ties, from 1950 to 2020.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'South Carolina, 'Economic forecasting, History,
Projection, Statistical data, Metropolitan areas, Munici-
palities, Counties, United States, Industries, Popula-
tions, Employment, Income, Earnings, Southeast
Region(UnitedStr ' ~
cal areas.
I States), Standard metropolitan statistl-
PB-264 582/8 PC A12/MF A01
Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville.
Projections, Economic Activity In Kentucky,
Series E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Dec75,262p
Sponsored in part by Tennessee Valley Authority,
Knoxville. See also PB-264 581.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the seven SMSA's or parts
thereof in the state of Kentucky and the Individual non-
SMSA counties, from 1950 to 2020. These data are a
further breakdown of Information contained in the U.S.
Water Resources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections
of Regional Economic Activity in the U.S., Series E
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'Kentucky, "Economic forecasting, History, Pro-
jection, Statistical data, Metropolitan areas, Counties,
United States, Populations, Employment, Municipal-
ities, Income, Earnings, Industries, Southeast
Region(United States), Standard metropolitan statisti-
cal areas.
PB-264 583/6 PC A10/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In North Carolina,
Series E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Apr 76,221 p
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div. See also PB-264 582.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the eight SMSA's of the
state of North Carolina and the individual non-SMSA
counties, from 1950 to 2020. These data are a further
breakdown of information contained in the U.S. Water
Resources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections of Re-
gional Economic Activity in the United States, Series E
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'North Carolina, 'Economic forecasting, History,
Projection, Statistical data, Metropolitan areas, Coun-
ties, United States, Populations, Employment, Munici-
palities, Income, Earnings, Industries, Southeast
Reglon(United States), Standard metropolitan statisti-
cal areas.
PB-264 584/4 PC A09/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div.
Projections, Economic Activity In Mississippi,
Series E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
May76,198p
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga.
South Atlantic Div. See also PB-264 583.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the four SMSA's of the state
of Mississippi and the individual non-SMSA counties,
from 1950 to 2020. These data are a further break-
down of information contained in the U.S. Water Re-
sources Council's 1972 OBERS Projections of Region-
al Economic Activity in the United States, Series E,
Population.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'Mississippi, 'Economic forecasting, History,
Projection, Statistical data, Metropolitan areas, Coun-
ties, United States, Municipalities, Employment, Indus-
tries, Income, Earnings, Populations, Southeast
Region(United States), Standard metropolitan statisti-
cal areas.
PB-264 586/1 PC A10/MF A01
Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville.
Projections, Economic Activity In Virginia, Series
E, Population. Final rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Jun76,204p
Sponsored in part by Tennessee Valley Authority,
Knoxville. See also PB-264 584.
This report provides historical and projected economic
and demographic data for the eight SMSA's or parts
thereof in the state of Virginia and the Individual non-
SMSA counties, from 1950 to 2020. These data are a
further breakdown of Information contained in the U.S.
Water Resources Council's 1972 Obers Projections of
Regional Economic Activity in the U.S., Series E Popu-
lation.
Keywords: 'Economic surveys, 'Demographic sur-
veys, 'Virginia, 'Economic forecasting, Metropolitan
areas, Counties, Statistical data, Populations, Employ-
ment, Income, Earnings, Industries, Municipalities,
United States, History, Projection, Southeast
Reglon(United States), Standard metropolitan statisti-
cal areas.
PB-264 631/3 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
The Economics of Proposed Regulation R73-5 on
Leaf Burning and a Benefit-Cost Analysis of an Al-
ternative Approach Baaed on Population Site.
Final rept,
Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsvllle.
94 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Robert E. Kohn. Oct 76,54p IIEQ-76-27
The burning of leaves is a significant source of air pol-
lution. Whether leaf burning in Illinois should be regu-
lated at the state, county, or municipal level of govern-
ment is a subject of controversy. While an economic
case can be made for State regulation, there are also
economic considerations favoring local control. In
either case, an economically efficient policy on leaf
burning would ban burning in those communities
where the benefits of such a ban exceed the costs and
allow burning of leaves where the opposite Is true.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Combustion,
'Leaves(Botany), 'Regulations, Decision making,
State government, Counties, Municipalities, Policies,
Benefit cost analysis, Economic factors, Hypotheses,
Populations, Community relations, Leaf burning, Con-
troversies, Prohibiting.
PB-264 632/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization and Research Investigation of
Methanol and Methyl Fuel* In Automobile En-
gine*. First Year Report. Rept. for Feb 75-Feb 76,
Santa Clara Univ., Calif. Dept. of Mechanical Engineer-
ing.
R. K. Pefley, A. E. Royce, L H. Browning, M. C.
McCormlck, and M. A. Sweeney. Aug 76,91 p EPA/
460/3-76/016
Grant EPA-R-803548
Methanot Is compared with gasoline in steady state
dynamometer test evaluations of power, thermal effi-
ciency, and emissions. The reported comparisons are
'ram OEM equipment with gasoline and low cost modi-
fications of the fuel preparation system to accommo-
date methanoi. Maldistribution of fuel-air mixture
among the cylinders is severe for gasoline and some-
what worse for methanoi. Even so, methanoi Is found
superior in thermal efficiency. NOx emissions, and
equivalence ratio range, and is comparable with gaso-
line in power, hydrocarbons and CO. Methane!" pro-
duces somewhat more aldehydes, particularly from
lean equivalence ratios, but the absolute levels for
both fuels are low. Also presented is some engine fric-
tion-wear data based on analysis of engine oil for var-
ious metals. Preliminary computer modeling of engine
thermochemlcal processes predicts both emissions
and performance In good agreement with experimen-
tal data.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Air pollution, 'Thermal
efficiency, 'Power measurement, 'Gasoline, 'Auto-
mobile engines, Comparison, Exhaust emissions,
Fuels, Performance evaluation, Aldehydes, Mathemat-
ical models, Experimental design, Carbon monoxide,
Concentration(Composition), Revisions, Fueling sys-
tems, Wear tests, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Dynamometers, 'Fuel substitution, Air fuel ratio, Base-
line sources.
PB-264 636/2 PC A13/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Analysis of Environmental Regulation
In the Motor Racing Industry. Final rept.
Economic Evaluation Associates, Homewood, III.
Richard O. Zerbe, Jr., and James E. Cieka. Oct 76,
297pllEQ-76/24
This report analyzes the various direct Impacts (costs
and benefits) of reducing noise from motor racing in Illi-
nois. Two alternative assumptions about the magni-
tude of noise reduction are made. First, It Is assumed
that noise Is reduced In accord with the requirements
of R75-11. Next it is assumed that noise is reduced to
conform with the stricter limitations Imposed by Rule
201 of the Pollution Control Board's Sound Emission
Standards and Limitations.
Keywords: 'Motor noise, 'Noise reduction, 'Recrea-
tion, Automobiles, Motorcycles, Environmental im-
pacts. Regulations, Economic impact, Illinois, Stand-
ards, Data acquisition, States(Unlted States). Facili-
ties, Cost engineering, Benefit cost analysis, Losses,
economic forecasting, Noise pollution, Community re-
lations, Animals, Psychological effects, Attitude sur-
veys, 'Motor vehicle racing, Drag racing, Sports cars,
Noise effects(Anlmals).
PB-264 642/0 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Technical and Economic Evaluation of NOx Con-
trol for Coal-Bred Cyclone Furnaces. Final rept,
Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville.
Kenneth E. Noll. Nov 76,50p IIEQ-76-26
Contents:
lntroduction~(Proposed amendments to NOx
standard, overview of nitrogen oxides problem,
and emission factors for electric power units);
Description of project at Southern Illinois Power
Cooperative, Marion, llllnois-(New cyclone
furnace, emission information, ambient
concentrations and model results, and
economic factors for gob refuse usage);
Information on control alternatives-
(Characterlstlcs of cyclone furnaces, control
methods for NOx abatement, flue gas treatment
of NOx);
Cost of NOx control--(Combustion modification
costs, flue gas treatment, and macro-scale
economics);
Environmental benefit considerations-
(Introduction, evaluation of NOx effects on
health and welfare, and conclusions).
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Cyclone separators, Law enforcements,
Standards, Furnaces, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composltion), Revisions, Flue gases,
Cost estimates, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Economics, Public health, Coal, Coal fired power
plants, Conditioning agents, Marion(lllinois), Southern
Illinois power cooperative.
PB-264 644/6 PC A10/MF A01
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
Land Pollution: Strategies for Emergency Action.
Final rept.
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Oct 76,204p IIEQ-76-20
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Geological
Survey, Urbana.
Because land pollution problems are likely to increase
in the future, this study was undertaken to formulate
hydrogeologic and administrative strategies for han-
dling effectively land or ground-water pollution emer-
gencies. Case histories of 116 land and ground-water
contamination incidents and the programs that were
developed to restore land and ground-water quality
were documented from the literature and summarized.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Pollution, 'Project planning,
Ground water, Hydrology, Illinois, Quality, Recovery,
Reviews, Transport properties, Hydrogeology, Rock
properties, Methodology, Organizations, Case histor-
ies, Emergency planning.
PB-264 645/3 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Feasibility of Enforcing Rule 206(c)
Carbon Monoxide Limitations on Illinois Firms
Using Partial Oxidation Processes. Final rept.,
Stanley (William J.) and Associates, Inc., Chicago, III.
William J. Stanley, James E. Clecka, and Anthony C.
Petto. Dec 76,143p IIEQ-76-28
This study analyzes the economic feasibility of compli-
ance with Rule 206(c) of the Illinois Air Pollution Regu-
lations for four Illinois Chemical firms that use partial
oxidation processes in the manufacture of polybaslc
acids and their anhydrides (such as malelc anhydride,
phthalte anhydride, terephthallc acid, Isophthalfc acid
and trimellKIc anhydride).
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Air pollution control,
•Chemical Industry, 'Carbon monoxide, Feasibility,
Law enforcement, Illinois, Oxidation, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Cost estimates, Inciner-
ators, Concantratlon(Compo8ition), Plant location,
Performance evaluation, Polybasic organic adds, An-
hydrides, Catalysts, Process charting, Design criteria.
PB-264 666/0 PC A06/MF A01
Iowa's Air 75.
Iowa Dept of Environmental Quality, Des Molnes. Air
Quality Management Div.
30Jul76,95p
Iowa's air monitoring data from 1969 to 1975 has been
compiled in this report for the six major pollutants mon-
itored In the State: suspended particulates, sulfur diox-
ide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons
and photochemical oxidants. The data are presented
in tabular form for each of the twelve Air Quality Con-
trol Regions in the State. To help the reader better un-
derstand the large amount of technical information in
this report, additional sections discussing the pollut-
ants and pollutant sources, the air monitoring network,
and the analysis of data and trends have been added.
Brief summaries of other Departmental projects, such
as development of air basin modeling and Investiga-
tion of pollution caused by leaf burning, are also includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iowa, Environmental sur-
veys, Statistical data, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxi-
dizers, Tables(Data), 'Air quality data, Photochemical
oxidants.
PB-264 663/6 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Municipal Water Pollution Control Abstracts: April
1975-March 1976. Final rept.,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa.
Joanne S. Murphy, Janet R. Orr, and Rochelle P.
Kramer. Mar 77,954p* EPA/600/2-77/078
GrantEPA-R-803613
See also PB-264 664.
The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories, Science
Information Services Department prepared for the En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Volume 3 of a monthly
current-awareness abstracting bulletin, Municipal
Technology Bulletin, which dean with methods of mu-
nicipal waste water treatment, problems of water qual-
ity, and water pollution control, volume 3 of the Bulletin
contained abstracts of technologically significant lit-
erature appearing In print between April 1975 and
March 1976. Under the same grant, the Science Infor-
mation Services Department provided abstracts, in-
cluding those appearing In Volume 3, to the Water Re-
sources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) as a
center of competence on municipal waste water for
WRSIC. Topics covered in the Bulletin and In the
WRSIC input Include: analytical techniques for water
quality measurements; biological, chemical, and physi-
cal methods of waste water treatment; construction
and equipment for pollution control; mathematical, sta-
tistical, and simulation model studies; storm runoff,
tunnelling technology and sewer systems; and, treat-
ment plant operation and automation. This report is a
compilation of the abstracts arranged In chronological
order by accession number within subject categories.
Keywords: 'Abstracts, 'Bibliographies, 'Water quality,
•Water pollution control, Chemical analysis, Water
analysis, Mathematical models, Sewage, Patents,
Waste water.
PB-264 664/4 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Municipal Water Pollution Control Abstracts: May-
October 1076. Final rept,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Janet R. Orr. and Rochelle P. Kramer. Mar 77,523p*
EPA/600/2-77/079
Grant EPA-R-803613
See also PB-264 663.
The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories, Science
Information Services Department prepared for the En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Volume 4 of a monthly
current-awareness abstracting bulletin, Municipal
Technology Bulletin, which dealt with methods of mu-
nicipal waste water treatment, problems of water qual-
ity, and water pollution control, volume 4 of the Bulletin
contained abstracts of technologically significant lit-
erature appearing In print between May • October
1976. Under the same grant, the Science Information
Services Department provided abstracts, including
those appearing In Volume 4, to the Water Resources
Scientific Information Center (WRSIC) as a center of
competence on municipal waste water for WRSIC.
Topics covered In the Bulletin and In the WRSIC input
Include: analytical techniques for water quality meas-
urements; biological, chemical, and physical methods
of waste water treatment; construction and equipment
for pollution control; mathematical, statistical, and sim-
ulation model studies; storm runoff, tunnelling technol-
ogy and sewer systems; and, treatment plant oper-
ation and automation. This report Is a compilation of
December 1983 95
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the abstracts arranged in chronological order by ac-
cession number within subject categories.
Keywords: 'Abstracts, * Bibliographies, 'Water quality,
'water pollution control, Chemical analysis, water
analysis, Mathematical models, Sewage, Patents,
Waste water.
PB-264 667/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Emission Measurements for Regulatory
Purpose*. Handbook (Final),
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
D. R. Flynn, W. A. Leasure, Jr., A. I. Rubin, and M. A.
Cadoff. Mar 77,195p* NBS-HB-122, EPA/550/9-77/
401
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 76-
608406.
A review is given of the measurement needs attendant
to regulation of the noise generated and emitted by
commercial products. The emphasis is primarily on
measurement procedures for use in conjunction with
point-pt-sale regulations as opposed to regulations on
the noise which a source actually emits when in oper-
ation. The report is divided into three major parts. Part
1 is a discussion of overall measurement requirements
and the type of data and information which are needed
in order to promulgate regulations based on appropri-
ate measurement techniques. Part 2 is designed as a
checklist for the evaluation of the suitability of a noise
measurement standard for a particular class of prod-
ucts or, in the absence of a suitable standard, as a
framework for development of one. The intent 'is to
identify and discuss in some detail those factors which
can impact on the accuracy, precision, and applicabil-
ity of a noise measurement process. Part 3 consists of
a series of flow charts depicting the development of
appropriate procedures for the measurement of prod-
uct noise emission.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Acoustic measurement,
Noise pollution, Noise reduction, Acoustics, Acoustic
measuring instruments, Psychological effects, Envi-
ronmental engineering, Human factors engineering,
Regulations, 'Environmental pollution, 'Noise levels.
PB-264 670/1 MF A01
The Computation and Graphical Display of the
NSF Water Quality Index from the STORET Data
Base Using the Integrated Plotting Package. Pro-
gram Documentation and Users Guide. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Data
Systems Branch.
George A. Nossa. Oct 76,98p WQI001
The NSF-Water Quality Index is a numerical expres-
sion which reflects the composite influence of nine
physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters to
water quality. It was developed and has been widely
field tested by the National Sanitation Foundation as a
means for reporting the current status and trends of
water quality. This report documents the logic and op-
eration of three computer programs developed to
present this index in report and/or graphical form
using the Storet Database as input and the graphics
capability of the Integrated Plotting Package. Data
from the Raritan Basin is presented as a test applica-
tion.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Computer programs, Infor-
mation retrieval. Computation, Fortran, Plotting, Com-
puter graphics, Raritan River Basin, New Jersey,
Storet system, Data bases.
PB-264 678-SET PC E20
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
1976,241 Op-in7v
Set includes PB-264 679 thru PB-264 685.
No abstract available.
PB-264 679/2 PC A16/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: De* Moines
River Basin.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul76,416p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located in Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, and signifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges for use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Iowa, 'Des
Moinas River, Water pollution abatement, Sources,
Municipalities, Sewage treatment, Construction, Fi-
nancing, Upgrading, Grants, River basins, Industrial
waste treatment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point sources,
'Water quality data, Water pollution standards, Prior-
ities.
PB-264 68Q/0 PC A10/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: Supporting
Document.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul 76,204p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This supporting document contains general informa-
tion applicable to all of the basin plans for the six major
river basins partially located in Iowa. This includes cli-
matological, geological and hydrological information.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Iowa, 'Cli-
matology, 'Hydrogeology, Water pollution abatement,
Sources, Municipalities, Sewage treatment, Construc-
tion, Financing, Upgrading, Grants, River basins, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point
sources, 'Water quality data, Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Nonpoint sources, Priorities.
PB-264 681/8 PC A18/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: Northeast-
ern Iowa Basin.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul 76,414p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located in Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, andsignifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges lor use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Iowa River
Basin, Water pollution abatement, Sources, Municipal-
ities, Sewage treatment, Construction, Financing, Up-
grading, Minnesota, Grants, Wisconsin, Industrial
waste treatment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point sources,
'Water quality data, Water pollution standards, 'Non-
point sources, Priorities.
PB-264 682/6 PC A17/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: Western
Iowa Basin.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul76,399p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located in Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, and signifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges for use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Iowa River
Basin, Water pollution abatement, Sources, Municipal-
ities, Sewage treatment, Construction, Financing, Up-
grading, Grants, River basins, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point sources, 'Water
quality data, Water pollution standards, Priorities.
PB-264 663/4 PC A06/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: Skunk
River Basin.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul 76, 125p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located in Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, ancfsignifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges for use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management,
'Skunk River, Water pollution abatement, Sources,
Municipalities, Sewage treatment, Construction, Fi-
nancing, Upgrading, Grants, River basins, Industrial
waste treatment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point sources,
'Water quality data, Water pollution standards, Prior-
ities.
PB-264 684/2 PC A04/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: Southern
Iowa Basin.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Water Quality Management Div.
Jul 76,305p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located In Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It Includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, and signifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges for use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Iowa River
Basin, Water pollution abatement, Sources, Municipal-
ities, Sewage treatment, Construction, Financing, Up-
grading, Grants, Industrial waste treatment, Maps,
tables(Data), 'Point sources, 'Water quality data,
Water pollution standards, Priorities.
96 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-264 685/9 PC A18/MF A01
Iowa Water Quality Management Plan: lows-Cedar
River Batln.
Iowa Oept. of Environmental Quality, Des Molnes.
Water Quality Management Dlv.
Jul76,402p
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-264 678-
SET.
This basin plan Is for one of six major river basins par-
tially located In Iowa. These plans fulfill Phase I re-
quirements of Section 303(e) of Public Law 92-500,
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. It includes a determination of existing water
quality, applicable water quality standards, ancf signifi-
cant point and nonpoint sources of pollution within the
basin. Point source pollution abatement is the main
emphasis of the plan. The plan contains effluent limits
for point source wastewater discharges, compliance
schedules to meet these limits, a priority ranking of
municipal discharges for use in determining the distri-
bution of Federal and State grant funds used in the
construction and/or upgrading of municipal
wastewater treatment plants, and a table of municipal
and Industrial wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, "Iowa, 'Cedar
River, Water pollution abatement, Sources, Municipal-
ities, Sewage treatment. Construction, Financing, Up-
grading, Grants, River basins, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Point sources, 'Water
quality data. Water pollution standards, Priorities.
PB-264 686/7 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ante.
Improvement* to Single-Source Model. Volume I.
Time-Concentration Relationships,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. QCA Technology Div.
Michael f . Mills, and Roger W. Stem. Jan 77, 57p
EPA/450/3-77/003a
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
Reliable estimates of maximum 3-hour and 24-hour
SO2 concentrations due to power plant emissions are
required for a variety of environmental assessment ac-
ovraes associated with air quality maintenance plan-
ning, fuel switching, plant siting and tall stack policy
evaluations. Either of two methods are generally em-
ployed for the prediction of maximum SO2 concentra-
tions for these two averaging times. The purpose of
the present study was to examine the effect upon ratio
distribution statistics rf only peak concentrations above
a certain cutoff value were analyzed. This report de-
scribes the plant site characteristics and the meteoro-
logical and air quality data bases used in the study.
Tnla will be followed by a discussion of the ratio distri-
butions and their associated statistics, including an
analysis of the variation of these parameters for differ-
ent plant sites and peak concentration cutoffs. The
report concludes with a discussion regarding the gen-
eral applicability of these results to other point
sources.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Electric power plants,
Time measurement, Air pollution,
Concentration(Cornpo8ition), Combustion products,
ndustrial wastes, Sampling, Plant location, Mathemat-
fcal models, Plumes, Data analysis, Chimneys, Sites,
Statistical analysis, Monitoring, Graphic methods, 'Air
Pollution sampling, *Alr quality maintenance, Point
•oureea, Fuel substitutes.
Jfc-264 741-SET PC E07
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Second Edition. Part* A and B, Including Supple-
ment* 1-«. " KK^
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
76, 46fip-in 2v' AP-42-Ed-2-Pt A/B
fet Includes PB-264 194 thru PB-264 185.
Atoo available as AP-42-Ed-2-Pt A, PB-264 194, PC
A11, MF A01, AP-42-Ed-2-Pt B, PB-264 195, PC A10,
MF A01.
data obtained from source tests, material
balance studies, engineering estimates, etc., have
been compiled for use by Individuals and groups re-
•Ponslole for conducting air pollution emission Inven-
wles. Emission factors given In this document, the
r«*uK of the expansion and continuation of earlier
*°rk, cover most of the common emission categories:
fuel combustion by stationary and mobile sources;
combustion of solid wastes; evaporation of fuels, sol-
vents, and other volatile substances; various industrial
processes; and miscellaneous sources. When no spe-
cific source-test data are available, these factors can
be used to estimate the quantities of primary pollutants
(participates, CO, S02, NOx, and hydrocarbons) being
released from a source or source group.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental impacts,
'Statistics, Factor analysis, Estimates, Sources, Ex-
haust emissions, Combustion products, Storage tanks,
Particles, Gases, Vapors, Evaporation, Solid waste
disposal, Processing, Industrial wastes, Hydrocarbons,
Communities, 'Emission factors, Mobile sources, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-264 746/9 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Region 1.
Economic Law Enforcement. Volume VI. Legal
Issue*. Final rept.
Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Hart-
ford.
Sep 75,316p EPA/901/9-76/003f
Grant EPA-M00103910
See also Volume 5, PB-258 533.
The working papers collected in this volume set forth
the legal research the Connecticut Enforcement
Project (CEP) has undertaken In the course of design-
ing economic enforcement tools for the Department of
Environmental Protection. The analyses were done
during various phases of the project and reflect a
number of objectives: (1) to expose constitutional
problems attending Public Act 73-665, the Environ-
mental Enforcement Act, in hopes that the administra-
tive interpretation might lead the court in a positive di-
rection; (2) to clarify statutory and administrative law
constraints to avoid unknown risk-taking; (3) to exam-
ine the legal viability of assessing violators for the
entire period of non-compliance, including the period
prior to detection and during litigation; (4) to detail the
legal consequences attending a number of specific
procedural devices. Although each section focuses on
one of these objectives, a considerable conceptual
overlap necessarily exists. Similarly, since many of the
working papers treat closely related issues from differ-
ent perspectives some repetition exists as well. The
substantive material of each section Is preceded by a
brief abstract of each of the working papers Included.
Keywords: 'Law enforcement, 'Connecticut, 'Air pol-
lution control, 'Water pollution control, 'solid waste
disposal, Assessments, Economic factors, Govern-
ment policies, National government, Penalties, Stand-
ards, Failure, Regulations, Problem solving, 'Stand-
ards compliance, Violations.
PB-264 7S4/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Dreg.
Lake Cochrane, Deuel County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,26p Working Paper-605
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Cochrane, Water
quality. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management. South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data. Deuel County(South Dakota).
PB-264 755/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
South Red Iron Lake, Marshall County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,27p Working Paper-620
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dapt. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
DaRota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'South Red Iron Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Marshall
County(South Dakota).
PB-264 758/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Clear Lake, Marshall County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,26p Working Paper-603
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clear Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Marshall County(South Dakota).
PB-264 762/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Orag.
Lake Polnaett, Brooklngs and Hamlin Counties,
South Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,35p Working Paper-619
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Poinsett, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Brooklngs County(South
Dakota), Hamlin County(South Dakota).
PB-264 770/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Orag.
Lake St. John, Hamlin County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,32p Working Paper-610
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Saint John, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
Oecember 1983 97
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlon, 'Water quality data, Hamlin County(South
Dakota).
PB-264 804/6 PC A05/MF A01
Toxlclty of Polychlorlnated Blphenyls (PCB's) to
Fish and Other Aquatic Life,
Environmental Research lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Alan V. Nebeker, Frank A. Puglisi, and David L. DeFoe.
Mar 77,84p EPA/600/3-77/034
Prepared In cooperation with Coryallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg. Western Fish Toxicology Sta-
tion.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been shown to
be widespread in the environment. Their significance
in the aquatic environment as a poison is now being re-
vealed. They are being detected in fish and other
aquatic life at levels much higher than concentrations
found in the water. The acute toxicity of some of the
many types of PCB's produced commercially has been
demonstrated for a few species of fish, and fish food
organisms, such as shrimp, scuds, and aquatic in-
sects; however, little information is currently available
on the chronic effects of PCB on the full life cycles of
aquatic animals. In order to assess the danger of these
compounds to fish and fish food organisms the labora-
tory designed and conducted bioassays using Daphnia
magna, the fathead minnow Pimephafes promelas, the
flagfish Jordanella floridae, the scud Gammarus pseu-
dolimnaeus, and the midge Tanytarsus dissimilis, using
commercially available PCB mixtures (Aroclor 1221,
1232,1242,1246,1254,1260,1262, and 1266).
Keywords: *Toxicity, *Fishes, "Aquatic animals, Toxi-
cology, Freshwater fishes, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Bioassays, Growth, Survival,
Reproduction(Biology), Experimental data, Water pol-
lution, Diptera, Lethal dosage, Crustacea, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), 'Biphenyl/chloro, Chemicals,
Daphnia magna, Jordanella floridae, Flagfish, Fathead
minnow, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Tanytarsus dis-
similis, Pimephalas promelas.
PB-264 867/3 PC A10/MF A01
Validity of Laboratory Tests for Predicting
Copper Toxlclty In Stream*. Final rept. Dec 67-May
73,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Jack R. Geckler, William B. Homing, Timothy M.
Neiheisel, Ouentin H. Pickering, and Ernest L.
Robinson. Dec 76,208p EPA/600/3-76/116
A field study was conducted on Shayler Run, in Cler-
mont County, Ohio, to determine the effects of copper
on the stream biota. Copper was added to the stream
for 33 months to maintain a concentration of 120 mi-
crogram/l, a concentration that was expected to ad-
versely affect some species of fish and not others.
This natural stream received sewage effluent contain-
ing a variety of compounds known to affect acute
copper toxicity. All but one abundant species of fish in
the stream and four of the five most abundant ma-
crolnvertebrates were adversely affected by exposure
to copper. Direct effects on fish were death, avoid-
ance, and restricted spawning. To determine the use-
fulness of laboratory toxicity tests when establishing
water quality criteria for an aquatic ecosystem, acute
and chronic tests with copper were conducted at the
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station and on-srte at
Shayler Run with stream species and the fathead
minnow. The acute toxicity of copper varied widely be-
cause of water quality variations in the stream.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Toxicity, 'Fresh water fishes,
'Water pollution, 'Shayler Run, Field tests, Fresh
water biology, Concentration(Composition), inverte-
brates, Exposure, Mortality, Reproduction(Biology),
Wafer quality, Predictions, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Ohio, Clermont County(Ohto), 'Water
quality data.
PB-264 870/7 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
OH Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, May 1976-July
1976. Quarterly rept,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, and Helmut Ehrenspeck. Oct 76,
357p' EPA/600/2-76/266
Contract EPA-R-803992
See also PB-2S9 932.
The May 1976 - July 1976 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution
Report is the eighth quarterly compilation of oil spill
events and oil pollution report summaries. Presented
in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b)
summaries and bibliographic literature citations; (c)
summaries of current research projects; and (d) patent
summaries. This report is submitted in partial fulfil-
ment of EPA Grant No. R-803992 by the Marine Sci-
ence Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara,
under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection
Agency.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Bibliographies, 'Oil pollution,
Patents, Documentation, Abstracts, Water pollution,
Law enforcement, Environmetal impacts, Economics,
Cost estimates, Degradation, Materials recovery,
Cleaning, Marine atmospheres, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Standards, Monitoring, Remote
sensing, Chemical analysis, Regulations, Sampling,
Meetings, Oil recovery, Water analysis, Oil pollution
detection, Oil pollution control, Oil pollution removal,
Water pollution economics, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Sources.
PB-264 871/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Odor Control by Scrubbing In the Rendering In-
dustry. (Addendum). Rept. for Jun 75-Aug 76,
Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Inc., Des
Plaines, III.
R. H. Snow, and Werner Boehme. Sep 76,57p EPA/
600/2-76/0098
Contract EPA-68-02-2128
See also PB-251187.
The report gives results of a study extending an earlier
project during which an investigation of the perform-
ance of packed-bed scrubbers for high-intensity ren-
dering plant odors (5000 to 180,000 odor units)
showed that, although in some cases the removal was
as high as 99%, the average was only 85%. In this
study, extensive performance data was obtained with
an odor panel over a period of 8 weeks. Removal aver-
aged 93% with three stages of sodium hypochlorite
scrubbing even though each stage was designed to
remove 99% of the odors based on its mass-transfer
capacity. The results, fitted to a regression equation,
showed that the important variables are the age of the
solution and the relation of the inlet odor concentration
to the previous history of exposure of the scrubbing so-
lutions to high odor intensities. Chlorine concentration
and pH also affect the results, and calcium hypochlo-
rite is about 1.5 times more effective than sodium hy-
pochlorite.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Odor control, 'Food
industry, 'Scrubbers, Sodium hypochlorite, Design, In-
dustrial wastes, Food processing. Calcium hypochlor-
ites, Performance evaluation, Regression analysis,
Sources, 'Rendering plants, Slaughtering house
wastes, Meat packing industry.
PB-264 872/3 PC A22/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Nitrogen Oxides. Environmental Health effects re-
search series.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Feb 77,503p* EPA/600/1-77/013
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
This report is a review of current knowledge of the en-
vironmental health basis for control of manmade
sources of nitrogen oxide emissions. The literature
review covered the period through 1974. The principal
subject areas considered in the report Include: sources
and control of atmospheric nitrogen oxides; analytical
methodology; concentrations and chemical reactions
in the atmosphere; and the effects of nitrogen oxides
on human health, materials, vegetation, light transmis-
sion, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is primarily on
nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N02), designat-
ed by the composite formula NOx for nitrogen oxides.
The major manmade source is the combustion of fossil
fuel. Highest atmospheric concentrations are found in
heavily populated, industrialized urban areas. Both
acute and chronic health effects resulting from short-
term and long-term exposures, are discussed In the
report. Effects range from slight increases In airway
resistance to death depending upon exposure concen-
trations.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Reviews, 'Air pollution,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Fossil fuels, Public
healths, Plants(Botany), Corrosion, Photochemical re-
actions, Mathematical models, Air pollution control,
Forecasting, Chemical reactions, Light transmission,
Methodology, Atmospheric composition,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Reaction
kinetics. Monitoring, Assessments, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Toxicity, Ecology, Exhaust emis-
sions, Electric power plants, Chemical industry, Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Materials), Atmospheric chemis-
try, Air pollution detection, Sources.
PB-264 874/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A State-of-the-Art Report on Intake Technologies.
Research and Development rept. Aug 75-Mar 76,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power Re-
search Staff.
S. S. Ray, R. L. Snipes, and D. A. Tomljanovich. Oct
76,94p* PRS-16, EPA/600/7-76/020
The report presents an updated evaluation of mecha-
nisms and intake designs for reducing the number of
fish entrained and impinged at water intake facilities.
These mechanisms consist of intake configurations,
behavioral barriers for guiding fish past intake en-
trances, physical screening devices to physically
remove or divert fish from cooling water intakes, and
fish removal systems to evacuate fish already within
the intake area. The report summarizes evaluations of
available Intake technologies. More importantly, it pre-
sents results of recent tests and studies. Where prom-
ising mechanisms are identified, recommendations are
made with regard to tests needed to demonstrate the
viability of a mechanism for protecting fish in a particu-
lar situation. The report considers reducing fish losses
both at large-volume, once-through cooling water in-
takes and at lower-volume intakes at plants requiring
only makeup water to replace losses due to cooling
tower blowdown and evaporation. In evaluating de-
vices for reducing impingement and entrainment, con-
sideration was given to devices and designs that can
protect very small fish and larval eggs.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Cooling water,
'Water intakes, 'Fishes, 'Water pollution. Design,
Performance evaluation, Barriers, Protectors, Entrain-
ment, Impingement, Mortality, Water flow, Volume,
Recommendations, Wind tunnels, Evaporation,
Larvae, Protection, Animal behavior, Reviews.
PB-264 886/3 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Impact of the Federal Tax Code on Resource Re-
covery. Final rept.,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, D.C.
Robert C. Anderson, and Richard D. Spiegelman. Dec
76, 358p* EPA/600/5-76/009
Grant EPA-R-803362
The study assessed the extent to which a variety of
federal tax subsidies to extractive industries effect the
flow of materials to competing secondary materials in-
dustries. The impacts on virgin material supply for
steel, paper, lead, copper, and aluminum industries
mate-
as
were analyzed and flows of virgin and secondary ma
rials characterized at points where they substitute
inputs to production. Econometric models were used
to analyze the impacts on quantities of secondary ma-
terials recycled. It was estimated that the short-run
effect of eliminating federal tax subsidies would In-
crease the recycling of scrap steel by 0.42 percent;
waste paper, 0.67 percent; lead, 0.75 percent; copper,
0.35 percent; and aluminum, 1 .7 percent. The cumula-
tive effect over the long-run from the elimination of the
subsidies may be considerably larger if the impacts on
investment and choice of technology decisions in the
affected industries are included.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Government policies, 'Taxes, Metal scrap, Iron and
steel industry, Paper Industry, Lead(Metal), Copper,
Aluminum Industry, Regulations, Metal industry, For-
estry, National government, Economic analysis, Miner-
al economics, Supply(Economlcs),
Demand(Economlcs), Secondary materials Industry,
'Waste recycling, Metal recycling, Paper recycling.
98 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-264 891/3 PC A06/MF A01
Report of the Hearing Panel: National Public Hear-
ing on Power Plant Compliance with Sulfur Oxide
Air Pollution Regulations, Conducted October 18,
1973 through November 2,1973.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of the Administrator.
Jan 74,108p
Contents:
Summary and recommendations;
Background;
Utility compliance efforts;
Status of flue gas desulfurlzatlon technology-
(Lime/limestone FGD technology, Wellman-
Lord sodium-based scrubbing, Technology
summary);
Vendor guarantees;
Flue gas desulfurlzation system malfunctions;
Waste disposal;
Costs of flue gas desulfurizatlon systems;
Time requirements for installation of flue gas
desulfurlzation systems;
Capacity of vendors to install flue gas
desulfurization systems.
Keywords: 'Meetings, *Alr pollution control, 'Sulfur
oxides, 'Electric power plants, Law enforcement, Flue
gases, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Scrub-
bers, Capitalized costs, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Calcium oxides, Solid waste disposal,
Cost estimates, Particles, Process charting, Coal fired
power plants, Wellman process, Limestone scrubbing,
Alkaline scrubbing, Cat-ox process, Magnesium oxide
scrubbing.
PB-264 892/1 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Laboratory Evaluation of High-Temperature De-
struction of Kepone and Related Pesticides,
Dayton Univ., Ohio. Research Inst.
D. S. Duvall, and W. A. Rubey. Dec 76,69p EPA/600/
2-76/299
Grant EPA-R-803540-01 -0
Thermal destruction testing was conducted with three
Pesticides: Kepone, Mirex, and DDT. A specialized lab-
oratory technique incorporating a two-stage quartz
system was developed. It is important to note that in
this system the pesticide was first converted to the gas
Phase, then exposed to the high-temperature destruc-
tion conditions. Critical parameters of temperature and
residence time were accurately measured. Both the
Kepone and DDT molecules, at a residence time of
approx. 1 second, were essentially destroyed at 500C;
however, Mirex, at the same residence time, required
700C for destruction.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Kepone, *DDT, 'Thermal sta-
bility, Experimental design, Recombination reactions,
Pollution control, Thermal degradation, Thermogravl-
[netry, Graphic methods, Gas chromatography, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Differen-
tial thermal analysis, Decomposition, Chlorine organic
compounds, Insecticides, 'Mirex, Procedures,
Methanocyclobuta(cd)pentalenes.
PB-264 893/9 PC A07/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effective Sampling Techniques for Paniculate
Emissions from Atypical Stationary Sources. Inter-
ton rept. Jun 75-Sep 76,
nulDyne Engineering Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.
H. A. Hanson, and D. P. Saari. Feb 77,131p EPA
2-77/036
Grant EPA-68-02-1796
Techniques and instrumentation for sampling strate-
Oies to measure paniculate emissions from iefpteal'
•tstionary sources were developed. The four atypical
source categories are low effluent streams, extended
CRmensions, partially or totally unconflned flow, and
saturated gas streams or gas streams with entrained
"quid droplets. The research program Included litera-
ture surveys, laboratory model testing, and field testing
PI several atypical stationary sources. Techniques and
"Wtruments were evaluated as to the degree of reli-
ability of measured emissions and applicability to gen-
aral situations. Three specific sources-gravity roof
•amjlators, grain dryers, and wet scrubbers-were se-
>*ct«d to provide the basis for the research program of
"* four atypical source categories. Basic character^-
,131p EPA/600/
tics of these sources were identified through literature
and personal contact surveys. A program of model
testing and field testing of roof ventilator emissions
was completed, and a similar program was undertaken
for wet scrubbers. The sampling strategy recommend-
ed for roof ventilator emission measurement on the
basis of the test program Includes a high volume par-
ticulate sampler and a heated thermopile anemometer
deployed near the base of the ventilator.
Keywords: 'Particles, Reviews, Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Field tests,
Scrubbers, Monitors, Samplers, Standards, Inciner-
ators, Ventilators, Concentratlonfpomposltion), Meth-
odology, Mathematical models, Experimental design,
Environmental simulators, Probes, Performance evalu-
ation, Stationary sources, 'Air pollution sampling, Wet
methods, Grain dryers.
PB-264 901/0 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Chlorinated Insecticides In Fish
for the Missouri Basin Region.
Federal Water Quality Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Advanced Waste Treatment Research Lab.
1 Dec 70,20p
The Missouri Basin Region, FWQA requested assist-
ance for the analysis of a number of fish samples
taken from the Nlshnabotna River in Missouri. Hepta-
chlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, gamma chlordane,
dieldrin, and DDT and its metabolites DDE and ODD
were identified in samples of muscle tissue and viscera
from several species of fish taken from the Nishna-
botna River. While dieldrin was the most abundant
chlorinated insecticide in almost all of the samples, it
did not appear at abnormally high levels, and usually
occurred in amounts three to four times greater than
the other Insecticides.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Water quality data, 'Nlshna-
botna River, 'Fishes, Dieldrin, Sampling, DDT,
TissuesfBiology), Heptachlor, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Aldrin, Missouri, Methanoindene/heptach-
loro-tetrahydro, Dimethanonaphthalenes, DDE insecti-
cide, DDD insecticide, Ethane/bis(Chlorophenyl)-dich-
loro, Aroclor 1254, Gamma chlordane, Heptachlor
epoxide, Ethylene/bis(Chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/cnloro, Heptachlor
epoxide, Methano-indeno-oxirene.
PB-264 906/9 PC A03/MF A01
National Trends In Trace Metals In Ambient Air,
1965-1974. Special rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Robert B. Faoro, and Thomas B. McMullen. Feb 77,
41p EPA/450/1-77/003
This report examines trends over the past 10 years
(1965-74) In ambient concentrations for 11 metals: be-
ryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, cobalt, iron, lead,
manganese, nickel, titanium, and vanadium. The
trends are derived from samples collected from 92
urban and 16 nonurban hi-vol stations in the National
Air Surveillance Network. For purposes of presenta-
tion, the trace metals were grouped into two broad cat-
egories: the metals related to fuel combustion and
those related to Industry- Possible reasons for the
trends observed are given for ,nost of the metals stud-
ied.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Trace metals, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composltion), Beryllium, Cadmium,
Chromium, Copper, Cobalt, Iron, Lead(Metal), Manga-
nese, Nickel, Forecasting, Trends, Titanium, Vanadi-
um, Monitoring, Gas analysis, Chcimlcal analysis,
Urban areas, Air quality data, National Air Surveillance
Networks.
PB-264 922/6 PC A03/MF A01
Leather Tanning and Finishing Waste Manage-
ment Research and Development Program. Final
rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis,
Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
James F, Scale). Sep 76,48p EPA/600/2-76/230
Reviewed herein is the waste management research
and development program for the leather tanning and
finishing Industry. Emphasis Is placed on the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's (EPA) role, both past and
present, and major developments over the past few
years outside EPA, Including international develop-
ments. Future waste management needs for the Indus-
try are defined and U.S. organizations Involved in the
field are presented with a brief description of their ob-
jectives.
Keywords: 'Leather, 'Tanning materials, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Manage-
ment planning, 'Reviews, Process charting, Activated
sludge process, Cost estimates, Effluents, Sewers,
Forecasting, Chemical removal(Water treatment),
Water quality, Chromium, Materials recovery, Circula-
tion, Proteins, In plant processes.
PB-264 924/2 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment of Steelmaklng Fur-
nace Dust Disposal Methods. Final rept. Mar-Dec
76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
G. E. Weant, III, and M. R. Overcash. Feb 77,131p
EPA/600/2-77/044
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
The report gives results of a study to examine the
nature of Steelmaklng furnace residues and disposal
techniques, and to assess potential problems associ-
ated with residue disposal, a potential multimedia envi-
ronmental problem. Solubllizatlon tests of 18 furnace
residue samples showed that the amount of metals ex-
tracted from the solids is a small percentage (less than
10 percent) of the total amount available in the resi-
dues, except for antimony and (in some cases) cobalt
and zinc. Organic analysis of the solute showed low
total organic carbon, except in four electric furnace
samples. Further analysis of these four samples
showed the types of products normally associated with
the distillation of mineral- or petroleum-based lubricat-
ing oils. The study concludes that potential exists for
environmental degradation from the disposal of these
furnace residues. Due to variations in residue charac-
teristics, climatic and topographic conditions, and dis-
posal site configurations, a site by site investigation is
necessary to further evaluate these environmental
problems. The study also concludes that, although
residue recycling is not economically feasible on a
plant by plant basis, regional recycle plants can be op-
erated profitably in some areas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, 'Dust collection, 'Residues, 'Solid waste disposal,
Site surveys, Industrial plants, Water pollution abate-
ment, Materials recovery, Particles, Sampling, Micros-
copy, Electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Chemical
analysis, Density(Mass/volume), Furnaces, Solubility,
Sanitary landfills, LagoonsiPonds), Transport proper-
ties, Composition(Propetty), Tables(Data), Statistical
analysis, Lubricating oils, Metal recycling, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB-264 925/9 PC A12/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
User's Manual for the M. I. f. Transient Water
Quality Network Model - Including Nitrogen-Cycle
Dynamics for Rivers and Estuaries. Final rept.
1975-76,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
D. R. F. Haneman, J. E. Dailey, M. L. Thatcher, T. 0.
Najarian, and D. N. Brocard. Jan 77,263p EPA/600/3-
77/010
Grant EPA-R-800429
This study presented the development of a water qual-
ity engineering model for nitrogen-limited, aerobic es-
tuarine systems. The uniqueness of the model lies In
Its application of real-time hydrodynamics, that Is the
proper specification of mass transport due to changes
In magnitude and direction of flow with time in tidal sys-
tems. The model Is intended to be used in engineering
decisions regarding the degree of eutrophication due
to distributed and point source loadings in estuaries.
This user's manual contains a review of the theoretical
background for the one-dimensional, real-time, nitro-
gen cycle model, a detailed discussion of the computer
program Including a complete listing of the program,
and an example of the application of the model to hy-
pothetical estuarine and river systems.
December 1983 99
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Estuaries, 'Nitrogen cycle, 'Water quality
management, Manuals, Mathematical models, Hydro-
dynamics, Aerobic processes, Water flow, Tides, Deci-
sion making, Flow charting, Boundaries, Coliform bac-
teria, Topology, Dispersing, Hydraulics, Potomac
River, Computer programs, Tables(Data), Field tests,
'Eutrophication, 'Reach(Streams), 'Water quality
data, Hydrographs.
PB-264 935/8 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows by High
Gradient Magnetic Separation. Final rept. Jun 75-
Jul 76,
Sala Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
David M. Allen, Richard L. Sargent, and John A.
Oberteuffer. Mar 77,130p EPA/600/2-77/015
Contract EPA-68-03-2218
Seeded water treatment by high gradient magnetic
separation techniques was carried out on combined
storm overflows and raw sewage influents. Both
bench-type and continuous pilot plant tests were per-
formed to evaluate the effectiveness of the process in
purifying waste waters. Critical parameters were varied
to determine optimal removal efficiencies, sensitivities
and relative importances of these variables. Attempts
were also made to compare the effectiveness and
economic feasibility of high gradient magnetic separa-
tion treatment with present methods of waste water
treatment. Finally, recommendations for the next
phase of study have been presented. The results of
the present study show this process to be a highly ef-
fective method of reducing most forms of pollutants
present in CSO and raw sewage to low levels of con-
tamination. Capital cost estimates for high gradient
magnetic separation systems also compare favorably
with traditional secondary plants.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Magnetic
separators, 'Sewage treatment, Storms, Runoff, Effi-
ciency, Pilot plants, Flocculators, Capitalized costs,
Particles, Tables(Data), Filtration, Waste water, Purifi-
cation, Test methods, Weather, 'Seeded water treat-
ment
PB-264 936/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Water Pollution Caused by Inactive Ore and Min-
eral Mines - A National Assessment. Final rept.,
Toups Corp., Santa Ana, Calif.
Harry W. Martin, and William R. Mills, Jr. Dec 76,198p*
EPA/600/2-76/298
Contract EPA-68-03-2212
The report identifies the scope and magnitude of water
pollution from inactive ore and mineral mines. Data
collected from Federal, State, and local agencies indi-
cates water pollution from acids, heavy metals, and
sedimentation occurs at over 100 locations and affects
over 1200 kilometres of streams and rivers. The metal
mining industry was shown to be the principal source
of this pollution. Descriptions of the mineral industry
are presented, including a summary of economic geol-
ogy, production methods, and historic mineral produc-
tion methods, and historic mineral production. The
mechanisms of formation, transportation, and remov-
als of pollutants are detailed. Annual pollutant loading
rates for acid and metals from inactive mines are given
and a method provided to determine the extent of
mine-related sedimentation in Western watersheds.
State-by-state summaries of mine related pollution are
presented. An assessment of current water pollution
abatement procedures used for inactive mines is given
and research and development programs for neces-
sary improvements are recommended.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Metalliferous mineral de-
posits, 'Mines, Metal industry, Transport properties,
Water pollution control, Economic geology, History,
Mining, Solid waste disposal, Sedimentation, Ground-
water, Mercury(Metal), Particle size, Surveys, Tailings,
Mine acid drainage, Mine wastes.
PB-264 837/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Industrial Waste and Pretreatment In the Buffalo
Municipal System. Final rept.,
McPhee, Smith, Rosenstein Engineer-!, Buffalo, N.Y.
Jerry Fineg. Jan 77, 189p EPA/600/2-77/018,, EPA/
MCD-31
Grant EPA-R-803005
The requirements and affects of the combined treat-
ment of industrial and domestic wastewaters were in-
vestigated for the Buffalo Sewer Authority's sewerage
system. A comprehensive industrial waste survey was
performed to obtain the required background informa-
tion on industrial discharges. This coupled with materi-
al balances on the sewerage system provided the data
necessary to develop industrial waste control and cost
recovery programs. The industrial waste control pro-
gram for Buffalo included revised sewer use regula-
tions coupled with a permit system and monitoring pro-
gram. A combination of ad valorem tax and
wastewater service charges, based on waste strength
and volume were used to recover the cost of treat-
ment. An economic evaluation of the cost recovery
and industrial waste control programs on the industrial
users was performed. A 95,000 liter/day activated
sludge pilot study was conducted to evaluate the af-
fects that industrial users will have on the treatment
processes.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Municipalities, 'Activated sludge process, Sur-
veys, Monitoring, Industrial wastes, Sewers, Volume,
Economic factors, Taxes, Refuse, Earth fills, Soils,
Sludge disposal, Management, Regulations, Licenses,
Waste water, New York, *Buffalo(New York), Cost
sharing, 'Pretreatment(Water).
PB-264 953/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Solid So-
lution Formation In Lime and Limestone S02
Scrubbers. Volume I. Final Report. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Benjamin F. Jones, Philip S. Lowell, and Frank B.
Meserole. Oct76,75p EPA/600/2-76/273a
Contract EPA-68-02-1883
See also Volume 2, PB-264 954.
The report gives results of a theoretical and experi-
mental study to characterize the coprecipitation of cal-
cium sulfate with calcium sulfite hemihydrate. A copre-
cipitation product had been suggested to explain the
mechanism by which sulfate could be precipitated
from a scrubber solution subsaturated with respect to
calcium sulfate. Lime and limestone SO2 scrubbing
systems with oxidation rates below 20% had been op-
erated Jong-term at steady state with liquors subsatur-
ated with respect to all known calcium sulfate solid
forms and yet sulfate was measured in the solids. The
existence of a calcium sulfate/calcium sulfite solid so-
lution has been confirmed experimentally and a theo-
retical formulation has been established. Calcium sul-
fite hemihydrate was precipitated under controlled lab-
oratory conditions from solutions subsaturated in cal-
cium sulfate. Specific chemical analysis and infrared
spectroscopic techniques were used to identify sulfate
in the solids. The precipitate's sulfate content was
studied as a function of the relative saturation of cal-
cium sulfate and the precipitation rate of calcium sul-
fite hemihydrate. Also, the effects of high magnesium
concentrations and limestone dissolution on the sul-
fate content of the solids were measured.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Chemical analysis, 'Sulfites, 'Sulfates, Experimental
design, Numerical analysis, Calcium oxides, Scrub-
bers, Precipitation, Reaction kinetics, Solid solutions,
Chemical equilibrium, Laboratory equipment, Phase
transformations, Data analysis, Infrared spectroscopy,
Solid phases, Liquid phases, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB-264 954/9 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Solid So-
lution Formation In Lime and Limestone SO2
Scrubbers. Volume II. Appendices. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Benjamin F. Jones, Philip S. Lowell, and Frank B.
Meserole. Oct 76,417p RPA/600/2-76/273b
Contract EPA-68-02-1883
See also Volume 1, PB-264 953.
Contents:
Thermodynamics of the solid solution series
(CaSO3/CaSO4) .1/2H20';
. . . jtothe
formation of solid solution series (CaSO3/
CaS04).1/2H2O';
Experimental equipment and sampling techniques
utilized in the experimental studies of solid
solution formation;
'Analytical techniques utilized in the experimental
studies of solid solution formation';
Analytical results, reactor material balances, solid
material balances, and computer equilibrium
data of laboratory experimental runs;
Infrared spectra of precipitated solids from
laboratory and pilot plant studies;
and Differential scanning calorimetry patterns of
precipitated solids.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Chemical analysis, 'Sulfites, 'Sulfates, Experimental
design, Numerical analysis, Calcium oxides, Thermo-
dynamics, Pilot plants, Solid solutions, Calorimetry,
Chemical equilibrium, Infrared spectroscopy, Precipita-
tion, Reaction kinetics, Solutions, Laboratory equip-
ment, Data analysis, 'Limestone scrubbing, Proce-
dures.
PB-264 974/7 PC A08/MF A01
Waste Source and Water Quality Studies, Surf
City, North Carolina and Vicinity. Final rept. Feb 75-
Jul 75.
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Dec 76,175p
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Dept. of
Natural and Economic Resources, Raleigh and North
Carolina Dept. of Human Resources, Raleigh.
Water quality investigations were conducted in the vi-
cinity of Surf City, NC, to determine the background
water quality, sources of bacterial contamination of
shellfish-growing waters and to evaluate the impact of
septic tank systems on surface and groundwater qual-
ity. Study results revealed that septic tank systems de-
tribute significant bacterial contamination to shellfish-
growing waters via surface runoff. Surface ponding of
septic tank leachates during periods of rainfall consti-
tutes a sanitary nuisance and a potential health
hazard.
Keywords: "Water quality, Sewage, Surface waters,
Ground water, Septic tanks, Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Concentration(Composition), Shellfish, Monitoring,
Tables(Data), Drainage, Water table, Leaching,
Chemical indicators, Dyes, Coliform bacteria, Carbon,
Organic compounds, Hydrogeology, Sediments, Sam-
ples, "Surf City(North Carolina), 'Water pollution de-
tection, 'Water quality data, Tracer studies.
PB-265 004/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Algal Nutrient Availability and Limitation In Lake
Ontario during IFYQL. Appendices to Part III.
Algal Nutrient Limitation In Lake Ontario during
IFYGL. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center for Environ-
mental Studies.
Nagalaxml Sridharart, and G. Fred Lee. Mar 77,88p
EPA/600/3-77/046b
Grant EPA-R-800537-02
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son. See also Part I dated Oct 76, PB-262 974.
This study was conducted on the potential significance
of nitrogen, phosphorus and mlcronutrientsln limiting
planktonic algal growth In Lake Ontario and Its major
tributaries. Standard algal assay procedures were
used. Samples of the open waters of Lake Ontario and
Niagara River waters collected during the spring
showed phosphorus limitation. By late summer these
waters showed both nitrogen and phosphorus limita-
tion. Genesee and Oswego Rivers showed, in general,
nitrogen limitation. Samples of the Black River waters
showed both nitrogen and phosphorus limitation.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Nutrients, 'Lake Ontario, Bio-
assay, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Tables(Data), Plankton,
Niagara River, Genesee River, Oswego River, Black
River, International Field Year for the Great Lakes.
100 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-265 006/7 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
The Sources and Behavior of Heavy Metals In
Wastewater and Sludges. Final rapt.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
B. W. Vigon, R. A. Craig, and N. A. Frazier. Mar 77,63p
EPA/600/2-77/070
Contract EPA-68-03-1177
A critical evaluation has been made of the literature re-
garding the sources of heavy metals in sludges from
municipal wastewater treatment plants. Residential
loadings of heavy metals as a percentage of total
metal loads are highly variable with respect to both the
particular element under consideration and the geo-
graphic area. Only rarely is the percentage contribution
of any metal attributable to residential sources greater
than one-half the total. The disagreement between
studies seems to indicate that the available informa-
tion concerning the residential loading estimates may
be biased due to the inclusion of unsurveyed industrial
discharges. The sludge content of heavy metals is fre-
quently correlated with industrial density, but the many
confounding variables make a general statement re-
garding this relationship impossible. Diffuse sources
such as laundries, street runoff and small family-
owned operations may contribute to the discharges
from a supposedly residential area.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Metals, "Farms, 'Water
pollution, Soils, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Cadmium,
Cobalt, Chromium, Toxic tolerances, Nutrients, Farm
crops, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Soil fertility, Fertil-
izers, Ground water, Sources, Reviews, Heavy metals,
Organic loadings, Land disposal.
PB-265 009/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment of Combined
Potato Processing and Municipal Wastes. Final
rept,
Grand Forks, N. Dak.
Joe K. Neel, John W. Vennes, Guildford O. Possum,
and Frank B. Orthmeyer. Sep 76,143p EPA/600/2-
76/236
Grant EPA-11060-DJB
Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota Univ.,
Grand Forks.
Demonstration and evaluation of the treatment of
combined potato processing waste-water and domes-
tic wastes using various combinations of anaerobic
and aerated lagoons. Measured parameters included:
BOD, COD, TSS, VSS, nitrogen, phosphorus, volatile
acids, total coliform, fecal conform, enterococcal bac-
jeria, and plankton. During 12 months of operation the
highest efficiencies were obtained by the anaerobic
and aerated lagoons in series. Removals averaged:
BOD 76 percent, COD 64 percent, coliforms 91 per-
cent and enterococci 98 percent. Removals by either
an anaerobic lagoon operated in parallel were lower.
Operational cost of the anaerobic-aerated lagoons in
series was 4.3 cents per kilogram of BOD removal.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
went, 'Potatoes, *Food processing, 'Water pollution
control, Tables(Data), Aerobic processes, Anaerobic
processes, Lagoons(Ponds), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Municipalities, Volatility, Performance evalua-
Jjpn, Plankton, Bacteria, Organic acids, Inorganic salts,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Operating costs, North Dakota,
Chemical oxygen demand, 'Tertiary treatment.
PB-266 040/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Algal Nutrient Availability and Limitation In Lake
Ontario During IFYSL. Appendices to Part I. Avail-
•Die Phosphorus In Urban Runoff and Lake Ontar-
io Tributary Waters. Final rept.,
r«xas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center lor Environ-
njantal Studies.
William F. Cowen, and G. Fred Lee. Dec 76,76p EPA/
?00/3-76/094b
want EPA-R-800537-02
!se« also report dated Oct 76, PB-262 974. Prepared in
^operation with Army Medical Bloenglneerlng Re-
warch and Development Lab., Fort Detrlck, Md.
Samples of Madison urban runoff, precipitation from
Madison and New York State were analyzed for var-
wus forms of phosphorus to estimate the alflal-availa-
oie fraction of each of these P forms. Urban runoff par-
ticulate P forms from Madison runoff showed acid ex-
tractable inorganic P in the range of 33 to 46% of the
particulate P. Ranges for the OH- and for exchange
resin extractable inorganic P were 22 to 27 and 13 to
17% of particulate P, respectively. Runoff from urban
areas in the Genesee R. basin (N.Y.) showed acid,
base, and resin extractable inorganic P in the ranges of
30 to 48,18 to 30, and 11 to 25% of particulate P, re-
spectively, in general agreement with the Madison
samples. Inorganic P extracted from particulate P by
resin in long-term aerobic dark incubations was similar
to that extracted by the resin in short-term tests, indi-
cating that physical and chemical rather than microbial
mineralization processes were probably the key fac-
tors regulating the release of inorganic P from the
runoff particles to the solution phase.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Runoff, 'Lake On-
tario, Inorganic phosphates,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Urban areas, Particles,
Acidity, Anion exchanging, Bioassav,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Availabil-
ity, Wisconsin, New York, International Field Year for
the Great Lakes, Madison(Wisconsin), Selenastrum
capricornutum, Bioaccumulation.
PB-265 041/4 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series. Mine
Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976,
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroeville, Pa.
V. E. Gleason, and H. H. Russell. Mar 77,297p* EPA/
600/2-77/082
Grant EPA-R-803189
The Coal Mine Drainage Bibliography covers the fol-
lowing areas: surface and underground mines, active
and abandoned mines, reclaimed surface mines, and
planning of new mines. Also included are information
on lakes formed by surface mining, drainage from coal
refuse disposal areas, and water from coal preparation
plants. A large number of items are concerned with ef-
fects of mine drainage on rivers and streams. In addi-
tion to the abstracts, this volume includes an Author
Index and a General Index.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Underground mining, Surface mining, Coal prep-
aration, Environmental impacts, Water analysis, Sam-
pling, Water pollution control, Abstracts, 'Mine acid
drainage, Mine wastes, Coal mine spoil.
PB-265 042/2 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
State-of-the-Art: Military Explosives and Propel-
lents Production Industry. Volume III. Wastewater
Treatment. Final rept.,
American Defense Preparedness Association, Wash-
ington, D.C.
James Patterson, Norman I. Shapira, John Brown,
William Duckert, and Jack Poison. Oct 76,181 p EPA/
600/2-76/213c
Grant EPA-R-802872
See also Volume 2 dated Aug 76, PB-260 918.
This study has sun/eyed the military explosives and
propellent manufacturing industry, covering both
'GOGO' and 'GOCO' facilities. Sources of wastewater,
volumes, and pollutant constituents have been report-
ed where such data existed. Treatment technology
currently in use at the various Installations has been
described including effectiveness of pollutant removal
and secondary (air and solid) waste generation. Sys-
tems under development at these military installations
have also been examined and evaluated in light of
available information. The report consists of three vol-
umes. Volume I presents aeneral conclusions and rec-
ommendations and describes the industry's manufac-
turing operations. Volume II presents the bulk of the
data concerning the wastewaters and the treatment
systems now in place. Volume III reviews and summa-
rizes data from the first two volumes and describes
and evaluates the new treatment processes under de-
velopment at this time.
Keywords- 'Explosives, 'Propellents, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, Manufactur-
ing, Concent/atlon(Composltion), Assessments, Mate-
rials handling, Hazardous materials, Documentation,
RDX, Nitric acid, Trinitrotoluene, Acetic acid, Monitor-
ing Air pollution, Industrial management, Revisions,
Process charting, Design criteria, Data analysis, Sulfu-
ric acid, Cellulose nitrate, Nitroglycerin, Casting, Acetic
anhydride, HMX, Sodium sulfites, Sources, Solid
wastes, Red water, Liquid wastes.
PB-265 062/0 PC A13/MF A01
Final Guideline Document: Control of Fluoride
Emissions from Existing Phosphate Fertilizer
Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Mar 77,277p EPA/450/2-77/005, OAQPS-1.2-070
The document serves as a text to state agencies in the
development of their gaseous fluoride emission regu-
lations from existing phosphate fertilizer plants. Rec-
ommended emission units are suggested for five pro-
duction facilities: wet-process phosphoric acid, diam-
monium phosphate, superphosphoric acid, triple su-
perphosphate, granular triple superphosphate produc-
tion and storage. Information contained within includes
data on the phosphate fertilizer industry and control
technology, a discussion of the guideline emission limi-
tations and the supporting data, and analyses of the
environmental and economic impacts of the guideline
limits.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fertilizers, 'Fluor-
ides, 'Guidelines, Standards, Industrial wastes, Phos-
phorus inorganic compounds, Manufacturing, Eco-
nomic analysis, Cost estimates, Regulations, Environ-
mental impacts, Storage, Public health, Assessments,
Toxicity, wet methods, Air pollution effects(Animals),
Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials), Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-26S 081/0 PC A23/MF A01
The Report to Congress: Waste Disposal Prac-
tices and Their Effects on Ground Water.
(Report). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Jan 77, 53 ip EPA/570/9-77/001
This document was prepared pursuant to Section 1442
(a)(4> of Public Law 93-523, the Safe Drinking Water
Act. The Report is an evaluation of the impact of waste
disposal practices upon present and future under-
ground sources of drinking water. The Report also as-
sesses the ability of Federal, State and local authori-
ties to control such practices.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Waste disposal, 'Potable
water, 'Water pollution abatement, Underground
drains, Injection wells, Environmental impacts, Water
Quality, Sewage disposal, Industrial wastes, Leaching,
Crude oil, Percolation, Residential buildings,
Tables(Data), Agriculture, Soil properties, Aquifers,
Water wells, Diagrams, Safe Drinking Water Act of
1974, 'Drinking water, 'Path of pollutants, Ground-
water movement, Leachate.
PB-265 114/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
University Noise Research - Proceedings of the
EPA-Unlverslty Noise Seminar Held at Purdue Uni-
versity. West Lafayette, Indiana on October 18-20,
1876. Final rept.,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Ray W. Herrick Labs.
Joseph W. Sullivan, and Andrew F. Seybert. Dec 76,
193p EPA/550/9-77/300
Contract EPA-68-01-3555
Material presented and discussed at the seminar In-
cluded research, development and demonstration
projects In all areas of noise control except noise gen-
erated by aircraft. Emphasis was placed on non-Feder-
ally funded programs and hardware oriented projects.
An appendix to the report provides an extensive com-
pendium of university noise research projects regard-
less of the nature of the source or sponsoring Institu-
tion.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Meetings, Noise pollu-
tion, Machinery, Acoustic insulation, Transportation
noise, Engine noise, Enclosures, Acoustic measure-
ment, Compressor noise, Nolse(Sound), Abatement.
December 1983 101
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-265 145/3 PC A07/MF A01
Hearing on Toxic Substances Control Act, March
3, 1977, 9:30 A.M.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Robert L. Duprey, George R. Alexander, Kenneth
Johnson, John B. Ritch, Jr., and Karl Bremer. 3 Mar 77,
145p EPA/905/9-77/002
See also PB-265 148.
The introductory part of the meeting dealt with the
Toxic Substances Control Act, its purposes, how it is to
be put into effect, its benefits, and its potential impact
on industry and the environment. The main objectives
of the Act were explained in detail, these being: (1) to
develop information and (2) to regulate. Panel discus-
sions dealt with pre-market notification and inventory
testing procedures; rules of the State programs; and
regional toxic substances problems. Questions were
then taken from the floor, a number of which were on
the subject of exemptions from the Act. Questioners
Included representatives of chemical companies, engi-
neering firms, State agencies, and other businesses as
well as private citizens.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Pollution, Public health, Regu-
lations, Law enforcement, "Toxic Substances Control
Act.
PB-265 146/1 PC A07/MF A01
Toxic Substance Meeting, March 3, 1977, 1:15 P.
M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
3 Mar 77,145p EPA/905/9-77/003
See also PB-265145.
The 11 Individuals on the panel discussed the Toxic
Substances Control Act, voicing their employer's con-
cerns, interests, and wishes about this piece of legisla-
tion and its effects on them. In some cases they also
voiced their private feelings and questions on the sub-
ject. The inventory list was a running theme throughout
all of the discussion. Panelists expressed their opin-
ions about how the inventory should be handled, what
it should include, and questions remaining to be re-
solved in putting the list together and its handling after-
wards. These individuals represented government, in-
dustry, and education. A question-and-answer session
followed the panel discussion.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Pollution, Public health, Regu-
lations, Law enforcement, 'Toxic Substances Control
Act.
PB-265 147/9 PC A10/MF A01
Hearing on Toxic Substance* Control Act, March
3,1977,7:00 P. M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
3 Mar 77,213p EPA/905/9-77/004
See also PB-265146.
Panelists representing government, industry, and con-
sumers discussed the Toxic Substances Contra! Act,
what it requires of the U.S. EPA, industry, States, and
others with direct responsibilities under the Act. Panel-
ists' objections were voiced, such as budget consider-
ations possibly being too small for the Act to be put
into effect and enforced as it should. Another concern
expressed was that data from industry and contractors
should be viewed interpretatively rather than simply
accepted at face value all the time. Other groups such
as consumer advocates and environmentalists also
stated their concerns about the Act and the things we
are exposed to because of the environment we live in
today.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Pollution, Public hearth, Regu-
lations, Law enforcement, 'Toxic Substances Control
Act.
PB-265 148/7 PC A04/MF A01
State Roles/Acttvttles Session, March 3, 1977,
1:00 P. M.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
John Hesse, Stanton Kleinart, Wan-en Miller, and
Robert Duprey. 3 Mar 77,72p EPA/905/9-77/005
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources, Lansing, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison, and Illinois State Environmental
Protection Agency, Springfield. See also PB-265147.
These panelists talked about their State agencies that
are directly concerned with the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act. They stated their concerns about the Act, spe-
cifically dealing with its repercussions, funding, and po-
tential problems in putting the Act into effect and en-
forcing it. Those speaking represented the States of
Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, as well as the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Region V. A brief period
of questions and answers followed the panelists com-
ments. The major thrust of the programs are concer-
nen with the contaminants such as mercury and PCB's
which accumulate in fish and other animals.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Pollution, Public health, Water
pollution control, Mercury, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Pesticides, Law enforcement, Industrial
wastes, Air pollution control, Oil pollution, Materials
handling, Regulations, 'Toxic Substances Control Act,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB-265 173/5 PC A09/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Office of
Biological Services.
Guide to Land Cover and Use Classification Sys-
tems Employed by Western Governmental Agen-
cies. Final rept.,
Ecology Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, Colo.
Scott L. Ellis, Colling Fallal, Nancy Reece, and Carol
Riordan. Mar 77,190p* ECI-293, FWS/OBS-77/05
Contract DM 4-16-0008-2123
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Report of Interagency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Pro-
gram.
This guide surveys and lists the classification systems
in use by state and Federal agencies in 18 western
states and the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba in
Canada. The guide-limited primarily to wildlife, land
use, and terrestrial vegetation-provides summary de-
scriptions of classification systems, and the data base
and the techniques required to implement these sys-
tems. System descriptions are divided into three sec-
tions: local systems, regional and multi-regional sys-
tems, plus some Canadian systems. Each system
summary includes the title of the system, contact
person, objectives, background, descnption, products
and related systems. Author and keyword indexes and
a glossary of terms are included.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Land use, 'Wildlife, Classifi-
cations, Surveys, Data processing, State government,
National government, Acclimatization, Mapping, Infor-
mation systems, Objectives, Reviews, Manuals, Dictio-
naries, Indexes(Documentation), United States,
Canada, 'Western Region(United States), 'Alberta,
•Manitoba, Data bases.
PB-265 232/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Water Reuse In a Paper Reprocessing Plant. Final
rept.,
Big Chief Roofing Co., Ardmore, Okla.
Leale E. Streebln, George W. Reid, Paul Law, and
Charles Hogan. Oct 76,95p EPA/600/2-76/232
Grant EPA-S-801206
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman. School of Civil Engineering and Environmen-
tal Science.
This project was undertaken to determine the feasibil-
ity of water reuse in a paper reprocessing plant with
the goal being to 'close the loop' or to demonstrate
zero discharge technology. Before the project began,
Big Chief Roofing Company at Ardmore, OK, was dis-
charging 7.89 1/sec (125 gpm). Normal operation is
now zero discharge with approximately 0.76 1 /sec (12
gpm) fresh water make-up replacing evaporative
losses. However, weekly clean-ups still result in an ef-
fluent of approximately 15.14 cu m (4000 gal) a week.
Additional clear water storage capacity could eliminate
this weekly discharge. Project scope included Identify-
ing and solving problems resulting from Increased re-
cycle of process water, and determining costs, bene-
fits, arid effect on product quality. The favorable cost/
benefit ratio experienced at the plant demonstrated an
economic advantage of In-plant control over end-of-
pipe treatment. Attaining zero discharge operation has
the further benefit of eliminating the problems, cost,
and liabilities associated with operation under a dis-
charge permit. Economic benefits observed during
zero discharge operation included reduced water
supply costs, reduced wastewater treatment costs, im-
proved yield, improved drainage and greater dryer sec-
tion production. The benefits were partially offset by
shorter felt lives, increased corrosion control cost, and
process modification cost. No degradation of product
quality was observed.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, "Materials recovery,
'Water pollution control, By-products, Industrial
wastes, Cost estimates, Circulation, Performance eval-
uation, Process charting, Manufacturing, Microorgan-
ism control(Water), Corrosion, Economic analysis,
Slime, Foams, 'Water reuse, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Liquid waste disposal, Waste recycling.
PB-265 249/3 PC A02/MF A01
Sequential Radlochemlcal Analysis for Ruthen-
ium, Strontium and Cesium In Environmental Air,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Herman L. Krieger, Eleanor R. Martin, and George W.
Frishkorn. 5 Sep 75,8p EPA/600/J-76/004
Pub. in Health Physics Jnl., v30 p465-470 Jun 76.
In routine surveillance operations, the radionuclide
measurement of air discharged from an operating nu-
clear facility involves the entrainment of radionuclides
on selective filter or absorptive media, and the deter-
mination of their gross beta activity. However, a more
sensitive technique is required when specific analysis
is desired for valid assessment of environmental radi-
ation exposure, particularly when the gross beta activi-
ty levels are below 100 fCi/cu m. For measuring envi-
ronmental levels of 106Ru in air samples on glass fiber
filters, a radiochemical procedure has been devel-
oped, tested and evaluated. The method which in-
volves digestion, distillation, and precipitation to sepa-
rate and purify the radioruthenium has been employed
in the analysis of air samples over the past year and a
half. The method has been subsequently modified so
that ruthenium, strontium and cesium can be meas-
ured sequentially on a single air filter.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, "Ruthenium,
'Strontium, 'Cesium, Air pollution, Monitoring, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Air filters, Distillation,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Digestion(Decomposition),
Purification, Reprints, Air pollution detection.
PB-265 250/1 PC A02/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Toxlclty of Copper to the Fath-
ead Minnow In a Surface Water of Variable Qual-
ity. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
W. A. Brungs, J. R. Geckler, and M. Gast. 11 Feb 74,
9p EPA/600/J-76/008
Pub. in Water Research, v10 n1 p37-43 1976.
Acute and chronic toxicity tests conducted with the
fathead minnow and copper used as the source of dilu-
tion water a natural stream to which a sewage treat-
ment plant upstream contributed a variety of materials
known to affect acute copper toxicity. Nominal total
copper 96-h median tolerance limit values (96-h TL50),
determined with static testing procedures, ranged from
1.6 to 21 mg/l. Dissolved copper 96-h TL50 values
ranged from 0.60 to 0.98 mg/l. The maximum accept-
able toxicant concentration (MATC) based on survival,
growth, reproduction, and hatchability of eggs was be-
tween 0.066 and 0.118 mg/l.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Copper, 'Toxicity, Dilution,
Sewage, Concentration(Composition), Fishes, Water
pollution, Toxic tolerances, Growth,
Reprpductlon(Blology), Survival, Eggs, Test methods,
Reprints, 'Pimephalespromelas.
PB-265 251/9 PC A02/MF A01
Growth and Survival of Young-of-the-Yesr Emer-
ald Shiners ('Notropls atherlnoides') at Different
Temperatures. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. Howard McCormlck, and Charles F. Kleiner. 22 Dec
75,6pEPA/600/J-76/011
Pub. In Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v33 n4 pt1 p839-842 1976. Text in English.
Abstract in French and English.
Young-of-the-year emerald shiners (Notropis atherin-
oides) were exposed to mean constant temperatures
of 6.9, 11.9, 16.0, 19.8, 24.0, 26.9, 28.9, 311.0, 32.8,
102 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
34.9, and 36.7C for 6 wk. Maximum rates of growth
and net biomass gain occurred at 28.9C, but these
rates were not statistically greater (P greater than
0.05) than those at 26.9 and 24.0C. Death rates were
low at test temperatures up to 32.8C but high at 34.9C
and above. Natural production of this important forage
species would probably be best where temperatures
are at least 19C but not above 29C for extended peri-
ods.
Keywords: *Fresh water fishes, 'Growth, "Tempera-
ture, Heat tolerance, Survival, Cold tolerance, Bio-
mass, Diurnal variations, Acclimatization, Reprints,
Notropis atherinoides.
PB-26S 2S2/7 PC A02/MF A01
Survival of 'Daphnla', Crayfish, and Stoneflies In
Air-Supersaturated Water. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Alan V. Nebeker. S Feb 76,8p EPA/600/J-76/012
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v33 n6 p1208-1212 1976. Text in English. Ab-
stract in French and English.
Daphnia magna, the crayfish Paclfastacus lenlusculus,
and nymphs of the stoneflies, Acroneuria californlca,
A. pacifica, and Pteronarcys callfomica were tested in
the laboratory to determine their survival in different
concentrations of air-supersaturated water. The mean
96-h LC50 value (lethal concentration, 50% mortality)
for D. magna was 122.5% total air saturation. The 7-
day LC50 was 120% and the 10-day LC50 was
117.5%. The mean 96-h LC50 for crayfish was 147%
total air saturation. The 7-day LC50 was 145% and the
10-day LC50 was 133%. The 10-day EC50 values (ef-
fective concentration, 50% immobilized) for stoneflies
were 135% for A. californica and greater than 125%
'or A. pacifica and P. californica. Bubbles (emboll)
were observed in body fluids and tissues, and general
body distention occurred before death in Daphnia,
crayfish, and stoneflies. Lethal threshold concentra-
tions for Daphnia and crayfish were near 111 and
127%, respectively.
Keywords: 'Daphnia, 'Crustacea, 'Insects, 'Supersa-
turation, 'Oxygen, 'Water pollution, Water supply,
Concentration(Composition), Bubbles, Mortality, Em-
bolisms, Tissues(Biology), Aeroembolism, Fresh water
biology, Reprints, Gas bubble disease, 'Daphnia
magna, 'Pacifastacus lenlusculus, 'Acroneuria califor-
nica, 'Acroneuria pacifica, 'Pteronarcys californica.
PB-285 253/5 PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium on Brook
Trout ('Salvellnus tontlnalls') and Rainbow Trout
1 aalmo galrdnerl'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
D. A. Benoit. 1 Dec 75, 6p EPA/600/J-76/013
pub. in Water Research, v1 0 p497-500 1 976.
Exposing brook trout to various concentrations of
chromium (Cr(VI)) for up to 22 months (including repro-
duction) significantly increased alevin mortality at 6.35
JO Cr/l and retarded growth of young brook trout at
tne lowest concentration tested (0.01 mg Cr/l). Eight
"nonth exposures of rainbow trout significantly in-
creased alevin mortality at 0.34 mg Cr/Tand also re-
tarded growth at the lowest concentration tested (0.10
"Jp, Cr/l) Exposures of brook trout lasting 22 months
snowed, however, that growth was only temporarily af-
jected, and therefore, It was not used as an end point
jo measure the affects of chromium on either species.
"^production, and embryo hatchabillty of brook trout
*ere unaffected at Cr(VI) concentrations that affected
"Urvival of newly hatched alevins. The maximum ac-
ceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for brook and
"WIDOW trout exposed to Cr(VI) In water with a hard-
ness of 45 mg/l (as CaCO3) and a pH range of 7-8 lies
Between 0.20 and 0.35 mg Cr/l. The 96-h LC50 for
wook and rainbow trout was 59 and 89 mg Cr/l, re-
spectively; therefore, the application factor (MATC/96-
f both 8peci88 lies to**"*"1 °-°°3 and
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Chromium, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollu-
"°n, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Survival,
"olerances(Physlology). Growth, Toxicology,
neproduction(Phy8ioTogy), Reprints, 'Salvelinus fon-
fnalis.'Salmogairdnen
PB-265 254/3 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Estimating the Reliability of Advanced Waste
Treatment. Journal article,
Southwest Ohio Regional Computer Center, Cincin-
nati.
Robert B. Dean, and Stanley L. Forsythe. Jun 76,9p
EPA/600/J-76/015
Pub. in Water and Sewage Works, v123 n6 p87-89 Jun
76; n7 p57-60 Jul 76 (2 part article).
Daily operating data from South Lake Tahoe covering
six years of continuous operation together with shorter
records from other plants have been analyzed. The
data are skewed but can be normalized by conversion
to logs, thus permitting estimates of long-term reliabil-
ity based on normal statistics. A spread factor, S,
which is the antilog of the standard deviation is shown
to be a useful parameter for estimating future perform-
ance. Spread factors lie between 1.5 and 2.0 for all the
parameters studied except MPN. The Ely, Minnesota,
plant on Shagawa Lake produces an effluent that has
approximately one tenth the concentration of phos-
phates obtained by other AWT plants, but the spread
factor is about the same for all plants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Lake Tahoe,
'Shagawa Lake, 'Water quality management, Calcium
oxides, Reliability, Diurnal variations, Estimates, Per-
formance evaluation, Statistical analysis, Detergents,
Inorganic phosphates, Chlorine, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Bacteria, Minnesota, California, Reprints,
Ely(Minnesota), Alpine County(California).
PB-265 255/0 PC A02/MF A01
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen-Nitrogen Ratios as
Factors Affecting Salmon Survival In Air-Supersa-
turated Water. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Alan V. Nebeker, Gerald R. Bouck, and Donald G.
Stevens. 1976,7p EPA/600/J-76/016
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v105 n3 D425-429 Jul 76.
Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were
exposed to lethal levels of air-supersaturated water
(120 percent, 125 percent, 130 percent total gas satu-
ration) containing different oxygen-nitrogen ratios and
different carbon dioxide concentrations. Fish mortality
was not significantly different at different carbon diox-
ide levels (1.7 to 22.0 mg/llter C02) when tested at the
same total gas saturation concentrations. Total gas
saturation levels are much more important than the
02/N2 ratios, as fish mortality will not occur unless
total gas saturation exceeds 100 percent, regardless
of the 02N2 ratios. There was a significant decrease in
mortality when the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen was in-
creased while holding the total percent saturation con-
stant.
Keywords: 'Salmon, 'Carbon dioxide, 'Oxygen, "Ni-
trogen, 'Supersaturation, 'Water pollution,
Concentration(Composltion), Toxicology, Fisheries,
Mortality, Reprints, 'Oncorhynchus nerka, 'Gas
bubble disease.
PB-265 256/8 PC A02/MF A01
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Lab., Cor-
vallis, Oreg.
LImnologTcal Comparison of Culturally Eutrophlc
Shagswa Lake and Adjacent Ollgotrophlc Burnt-
side Lake, Minnesota. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
D. W. Schults, K. W. Malueg, and P. D. Smith. 17 Jan
75,21p EPA/600/J-76/015
Prepared by Pacific Northwest Environmental Re-
search Lab., Corvallis, Oreg. Pub. In The American
Midland Naturalist, v96 n1 p160-178 Jul 76.
Limnologtoal characteristics for 1971 -1972 of culturally
eutrophic Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, were compared
to those of the Immediately upstream, ollgotrophlc
BurntskJe Lake to evaluate the effects of domestic
waste-water discharge to Shagawa Lake. Typical char-
acteristics of Shagawa Lake were extensive summer
blue-green algal Blooms (Anabaena and Aphanlzo-
menon), anaerobic hypolimnion and large and rapid
fluctuations In chemical constituents. In contrast, oll-
gotrophlc Bumtslde Lake was characterized by low
numbers of algae (predominantly diatoms and greens),
aerobic hypoiimnton and small changes In chemical
constituents.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Fisheries, 'Limnology, 'Shagawa
Lake, 'Water pollution, 'Burntside Lake, Nitrogen,
Waste water, Abundance, Phosphorus, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Correlation techniques, Sediments, Benthos,
Zooplankton, Thermoclines, Minnesota, Reprints, Eu-
trophication, Trophic level, Hypolimnion.
PB-265 257/6 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Effects of Lead Exposure on Three
Generations of Brook Trout ('Salvellnus fontlna-
lls'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. W. Holcombe, D. A. Benoit, E. N. Leonard, and J. M.
McKim. 9 Mar 76,13p EPA/600/J-76/022
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v33 n8 p1731-17411976. Text in English. Ab-
stract in French and English.
Exposure of three generations of brook trout (Salve-
linus fontinalis) to mean total lead concentrations (0.9-
474 microg/l) showed that all second-generation trout
exposed to 235 and 474 micros Pb/l and 34% of those
exposed to 119 microg Pb/l de/eloped severe spinal
deformities (scoliosis). Scoliosis also appeared in 21 %
of the newly hatched third-generation alevins exposed
to 119 microg Pb/l, and weights of these fish 12 wk
after hatch were significantly reduced. Gill, liver, and
kidney tissues of first- and second-generation brook
trout accumulated the greatest amount of lead. Only
small amounts accumulated in the edible muscle. An
equilibrium of lead residues was reached in liver and
kidney tissue from second-generation fish after 70 wk
of exposure, but not In gill tissue. The maximum ac-
ceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for brook trout
in water with a hardness of 44 mg/liter (as CaCO3)
and a pH of 6.8-7.6 lies between 59 and 119 microg/
liter for total lead and between 39 and 84 microg/liter
for dissolved lead.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Lead poisoning, 'Water pollution,
Lead(Metal), Fishes, Toxicology,
Reproduction(Blology), Tissues(Biology), Residues,
Exposure, Growth, Survival,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Salvelinus
fontinalis, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-265 258/4 PC A02/MF A01
Protonatlon of Organic Bases In Clay-Water Sys-
tems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Samuel W. Karlckhoff, and George W. Bailey. 6 Mar
76, lOp EPA/600/J-76/021
Pub. in Clays and Clay Minerals, v24 n4 p170-176
1976.
The extent of protonation of organic bases in clay-
water systems depends upon the absorptive proper-
ties of the organo-clay species involved, and upon the
structure and degree of hydration of the clay system.
Organic molecules that can disperse cationic charge
over two or more condensed aromatic rings give rise to
greater surface-Induced protonation than do single-
ring organic molecules with similar solution pKa. Pro-
tonation in clay suspensions is frequently far in excess
of that predicted on the basis of electrolytic suspen-
sion pH and solution pKa of the organic base. For a
given organic base, protonation In a clay film exceeds
that In the suspended clay system. Protonation in an
organo-clay film Increases as the film moisture content
decreases. The extent of protonation in organo-clay
systems varies with cationic species, cationic satura-
tion, and clay type. The environmental impact that pes-
ticides have can be better understood by this clay-
water system.
Keywords: 'Protons, 'Surface chemistry, 'Clay soils,
'Limnology, Acidity. Adsorption, Pesticides, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Organic compounds,
pH, Cations, Environmental impacts, Soil analysis,
Chemical analysis, 'Sediment water interactions.
PB-285 259/2 PC A02/MF A01
Cadmium and Zinc Toxicity to 'Jordanella florl-
dae'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert L. Spehar. 7 Jul 75,9p EPA/800/J-76/024
Pub. In Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v33 p1939-1945 1976. Text in English. Ab-
stract in French and English.
Cadmium and zinc toxiclty to the flagfish (Jordanella
florldae) waa determined on the basis of 96-hr median
December 1983 103
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lethal concentrations (LC50) and significant decreases
(P=0.05) in survival, growth, and reproduction over
the complete life cycle of the fish, the 96-hr LC50
values for cadmium and zinc to juvenile flagfish were
2,500 and 1,500 microg/liter, respectively. In chronic
tests, reproduction was the most sensitive indicator of
cadmium toxicity and was inhibited at 8.1 microg/liter.
Tissue-concentration analysis showed that fish ex-
posed to concentrations of 1.7 microg/liter and above
accumulated significantly greater amounts of cadmium
than those in the controls. In zinc tests, survival of
larvae (not exposed as embryos) and growth of fe-
males were the most sensitive measure of zinc toxicity
and were reduced at respective concentrations of 65
and 51 microg/liter.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Cadmium,
'Zinc, Growth, Concentration(Composition), Mortality,
Life cycles, Survival, Reproduction(Biology), Larvae,
Reprints, 'Jordanellaflorida, 'Heavy metals.
PB-26S 260/0 PC A06/MF A01
Development of Design Guidelines for Shipboard
Sewage Holding Tanks. Economic and technical
review.
Environmental Protection Service, Ottawa (Ontario).
Water Pollution Control Directorate.
Mar 76,107p* EPS-3-WP-76-3
Prepared by German and Milne, Montreal (Quebec).
This report presents a detailed study of shipboard
sewage holding tanks suitable for vessels engaged on
the Great Lakes - Lower St. Lawrence River trade
route. A range of designs has been developed to meet
the needs of most ship types, crew sizes, trading pat-
terns, stability criteria and sewage collection systems.
Construction, operation, maintenance and safety as-
pects are analyzed with a view to optimizing the eco-
nomic impact on vessels that choose total retention as
a method of satisfying the requirements of Great
Lakes Sewage Pollution Prevention Regulations.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, *Tanks(Containers),
'water pollution abatement, Steels, Design, Cost esti-
mates, Ships, Regulations, Canada, 'Shipboard
sewage treatment systems.
PB-265 261/8 PC E06/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Mlcrothesaurus. A Hierarchical List
of Indexing Terms Used by NTIS.
National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
Va.
May 77,104p* NTIS/SR-77/03
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
In a vocabulary information system it is important to
have a controlled vocabulary for information retrieval.
However, when searching the data base of the Nation-
al Technical Information Service (NTIS) for environ-
mental research reports, one is faced with using
search Keywords from four thesauri as well as free lan-
guage terms. These keyword sources are: The Depart-
ment of Defense thesaurus, Energy Research and De-
velopment Administration thesaurus, National Aero-
nautic and Space Administration thesaurus, the the-
saurus used by NTIS, and controlled free language
terms. This microthesaurus integrated hierarchically
the vocabulary of these five sources to allow easier re-
trieval for environmental terms. Generic relationships
and thesaural origins are maintained for each term.
Keywords: 'Thesauri, 'Pollution, Environments, Sub-
ject index terms, Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise
pollution, Solid wastes, Abatement, Terminology,
Chemical compounds, Chemical elements, Environ-
mental issues.
PB-265 276/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis, Oreg.
A Pilot Study on the Design of a Petroleum Hydro-
carbon Baseline Investigation for Northern Puget
Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca. Technical
memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, Colo. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
William D. MacLeod, Donald W. Brown, Randy G.
Jenkins, L. Scott Ramos, and Victor 0. Henry. Nov 76,
62p NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-8, NOAA-77030804
Substantially increased petroleum tanker traffic, pipe-
line transport, and refining operations are anticipated
in the region of Northern Puget Sound and Strait of
Juan de Fuca when the Alaska pipeline comes into op-
eration. To assess the potential future environmental
impact arising from these activities current hydrocar-
bon baseline levels must be measured. This report
presents the results of the pilot study and offers rec-
ommendations for a first year Petroleum Hydrocarbon
Baseline Investigation. The pilot study has demon-
strated that methodology exists to detect and measure
a number of hydrocarbons in sediments, mussels (My-
tilus edulis and Mytilus californianus), and a snail
(Thais lamellosa). Appendices identify critical intertidal
sites for further study and recommends analytical pro-
cedures best suited to the particular environment.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Shellfish, 'Oil pollution, 'Puget
Sound, 'Juan de Fuca Strait, Mussels, Snails,
Benthos, Environmental impacts, Hydrocarbons, Sedi-
ments, Ocean environments, Recommendations,
Coasts, Washington(State), Baseline studies, Mytilus
edulis, Mytilus californianus, Thais lamellosa, water
pollution effects(Animals), Bioindlcators.
PB-265 284/0 Not available NTIS
Effects of Selected Water Toxicants on the In
vitro Activity of Fish Carbonic Anhydrase. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. M. Christensen, and J. H. Tucker. 3 Nov 75,14p
EPA/600/J-76/010
Revision of report dated 5 Jun 75.
Pub. in Chem-Biol. Interactions, v13p181-192 1976.
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydro-lyase EC
4.2.1.1) from lysed red blood cells of the channel cat-
fish (Ictalurus punctatus) was studied to determine
physico-chemical kinetic properties and relative sensi-
tivity to 56 chemicals of significance in water quality re-
search. In general, enzyme activity was strongly re-
duced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly
by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain
pesticides; and weakly inhibited by light metal cations
and organometallic and organic compounds. Dose-re-
sponse curves were qualitatively similar in most cases.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Catfishes, 'Fishes, 'Carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors, Metals, Toxicology, Physioche-
mical properties, Water quality, Dosage, Water pollu-
tion, In vitro analysis, Enzyme inhibitors, Pesticides,
Cations, Anions, Experimental data, Blood, Erythro-
cytes, Physiochemical properties, Reprints, 'Ictalurus
punctatus, Water pollution effects(Animals), Chemi-
cals, 'Toxic substances.
PB-265 285/7 Not available NTIS
X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Beam Analysis of
Asbestlform Minerals In Lake Superior Waters.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Philip M. Cook, Ivan B. Rubin, Carl J. Maggiore, and
William J. Nicholson. 1976,11pEPA/600/J-76/014
Prepared in cooperation with Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, New York. Environmental Sciences Lab.
Pub. in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi-
neers, Inc. Annals No. 75CH1004-I 34-1 1976.
Western Lake Superior water, which is used for munici-
pal water supplies, contains large concentrations of
asbestiform amphibole fibers because of a taconite
tailings discharge at Silver Bay, Minnesota. Large fluc-
tuations in fiber concentrations are attributable to sea-
sonal and meteorological changes which influence
Western Lake Superior water circulation. Variations in
electron microscope amphibole fiber counts generally
correspond to variations in amphibole mass concen-
tration determined by x-ray diffraction. Daily x-ray dif-
fraction and occasional transmission electron micro-
scope measurements of Duluth, Minnesota drinking
water samples allows an estimate of the average (45-
100 million) and the range (10-1000 million) of identifi-
able amphibole fibers per liter of water. Not all the am-
phibole fibers present can be identified due to their ex-
tremely small width. Copyright (c) 1976 by The Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Superi-
or, Mining, Iron ores, Taconite, Tailings, Quantitative
analysis, Water analysis, Fibers, Amphtboles, X ray dif-
fraction, Electron microscopy, Silver Bay, Minnesota,
Reprints, Transmission electron microscopy.
PB-265 286/5 Not available NTIS
Some Effects of Cadmium on Coniferous Forest
Soil and Litter Microcosms. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
H. Bond, B. Lighthart, R. Shimabuku, and L. Russell. 6
May 76,10p EPA/600/ J-76/017
Pub. in Soil Science, v121 n5 p278-287 May 76.
Description and criticism is given of a preliminary
design and use of a soil/litter microcosm in which
oxygen, temperature, and humidity are kept constant,
and oxygen generation and carbon dioxide and heat
evolution rates are monitored. Using four microcosms,
one acting as a dead control, experiments were per-
formed giving the following results: for 'identically' pre-
pared and incubated microcosms, the coefficient of
variation was as small as 3.8 percent for carbon diox-
ide evolution rate and as large as 9.9 percent for
oxygen consumption rates. It was also found that an
adjustment period of 7 to 10 days after microcosm
preparation was necessary to approach relatively con-
stant production rates. For microcosms adjusted to 10,
30, and 60 percent of field water holding capacity,
oxygen and carbon dioxide rates and bacterial densi-
ties vary directly whereas the fungi and actinomycetes
varied inversely; while for cadmium-amended micro-
cosms, 0.01 ppm and initial stages in the 10 ppm
CdCI2 unit, oxygen consumption was stimulated sug-
gesting respiratory enzyme uncoupling while in the
later stages the 10 ppm cadmium-amended soils re-
duced both O2 and C02 respiration by 40 percent. No
organismal density changes due to cadmium were de-
tected indicating the cadmium initially affects respira-
tion, possibly by uncoupling respiratory phosphoryla-
tion, and that longer experiments might be necessary
to detect population density changes. Copyright (c)
1976 by The Williams & Wilkins Co.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Refuse, 'Soils, 'Forest land,
Decomposition reactions, Oxygen, Design, Carbon
dioxide, Temperature, Humidity, Actinomyces, Fungi,
Bacteria, Heat transfer, Biological productivity, Respi-
ration, Enzymes, Soil water, Graphs(Charts), Oregon,
Reprints, Microcosms, Heavy metals.
PB-265 287/3 Not available NTIS
Effects of Air-Supersaturated Water on Survival
of Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Smolts. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Alan V. Nebeker, and John R. Brett. 1976,8p EPA/
600/J-76/018
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v105 n2 p338-342 Mar 76.
Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye (0. nerka)
salmon smolts and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)
smolts were exposed to several concentrations of air-
supersaturated water in the laboratory from March
through June, 1974, the normal fish migration period in
the Columbia River and the time when the river water
is usually supersaturated. Tests were conducted at
12C in water 60 cm deep. Time to 20 percent death
was determined and lethal threshold concentrations of
114.5 percent saturation for coho, 113.5 percent for
sockeye, and 114.0 percent for steelhead were calcu-
lated. Ninety-six hour LC50 values were 120.5 percent
for coho, 116.7 percent for sockeye, and 116.0 per-
cent total gas percent saturation lor steelhead. Thirty-
day LC50 values were 116.2 percent for coho, 113.9
percent for sockeye, and 114.0 percent for steelhead.
Severe emphysema (bubbles) occurred on fins, in the
mouth, and on the head and opercles of the fish ex-
posed to 120 percent and 115 percent saturation. Em-
physema was not as severe at 110 percent but oc-
curred in 60 percent of the coho, 20 percent of the
sockeye, and 80 percent of the steelhead. Copyright
(c) the American Fisheries Society 1976.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Fishes, 'Air, 'Salmon, 'Toxicity,
Supersaturation, Mortality, Experimental data, Expo-
sure, TablesfData), Emphysema, Toxicology, Water
pollution, Cqncentration(Composition), Reprints,
Salmo gairdneri, Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch,
Threshold limit value, Maximum permissible exposure
level, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-265 288/1 Not available NTIS
Estimation of Viable Airborne Microbes Down-
wind from a Point Source. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Ecologi-
cal Effects Research Div.
104 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bruce Lighthart, and A. S. Frisch. 26 Nov 75,7p EPA/
600/J-76/020
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Boulder, Colo. Wave Propa-
gation Lab.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v31
nS P700-704 May 76.
Modification of the Pasquill atmospheric diffusion
equations for estimating viable microbial airborne cell
concentrations downwind from a continuous point
source is presented. A graphical method is given to es-
timate the ground level cell concentration given (1) mi-
crobial death rate, (2) mean wind speed, (3) atmos-
pheric stability class, (4) downwind sample distance
from the source, and (5) source height. Copyright (c)
1976, American Society for Microbiology.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, Atmospheric diffusion,
Methodology, TablesjData), Air pollution, Models, Bac-
teria, Equations, Wind velocity, Graphs(Charts), Mor-
tality, Height, Distance, Estimating, Reprints, 'Point
sources, 'Air microbiology, Diffusion modeling.
PB-265 289/9 Not available NTIS
Comparative Toxlclty of Polyelectrolytet to Se-
lected Aquatic Animals. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Kenneth E. Biesinger, Armond E. Lemke, Wesley E.
Smith, and Robert M. Tyo. 1976, 7p EPA/600/J-76/
023
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control, v48 n1 p183-187
Jan 76,
Although polyelectrolytes are widely used to control
solids in potable water and municipal wastewater, very
few studies have been made to assess their toxicity to
aquatic animals. Consequently, the authors tested the
acute toxicity of several polyelectrolytes to rainbow
trout, lake trout, a mysid, a copepod and a cladoceran
m Lake Superior water. They also tested the chronic
toxicity of three of these compounds to Daphnia
magna to study possible effects on reproduction. Their
results indicated that some of the cationic polyelectro-
lytes tested were toxic at concentrations that might
easily be released into the aquatic environment and
cause serious problems to aquatic life.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Toxicity, 'Polyelectro-
Qftes, Flocculants, Crustacea, Trout, Toxicology, Lake
Superior, Bioassay, Minnows, Experimental data,
Tables(Data), Reproduction(Biology), Physiological ef-
fects, Toxic tolerances, Fresh water fishes, Water pol-
lution, Reprints, Daphnia magna, Toxic substances, Pi-
mephales promelas, Salmo gairdneri, Rainbow trout,
Salvelinus namaycush, Limnocalanus macrurus, Mysis
relicta, Maximum permissible exposure level, Water
Pollution effects(Animals).
f B-2«5 290/7 Not available NTIS
'•otatlon and Identification of PolychlorlnatMf
|tyr«n*s In Great Lakes Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
5 W. Keuhl, H. L. Kopperman, G. D. Veith, and G. E.
Glass. 1976, 7p EPA/600/J-76/026
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v16n2p127-132 1976.
Octachlorostyrene was prepared by two independent
synthetic routes, and GC retention time data as well as
a mass spectrum of the standard were obtained. A
comparison of these data with those observed for a
component In fish from Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, and
the lower Detroit River indicates that octachlorostyr-
ene is present in fish residues from these sources. In
addition, mass spectral data indicated the presence of
feveral hepta and hexachlorostyrene isomers in these
«sh. Further studies should be concerned with quantifi-
cation of OCS and evaluation of possible sources of
these compounds, such as impurities in products pro-
ouced by exhaustive chlorinatfon or as by-products in
the electrolytic production of chlorine. Copyright (c)
1976 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Styrenes, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chromatographic analysis, Lake
Ontario, Lake Huron, Detroit River, Mass spectros-
copy, Fresh water fishes, Tables(Data),
Twsues(Biology), Experimental data, Aldrin, Water pol-
lution, Pesticides, Reprints, 'Bioaccumulation, 'Poly-
pnlorinated styrenes, Styrene/chloro, Styrene/octach-
KKO, DDE insecticide, Alewlfe, Stizostedton vltreum,
Also pseudoharengus, Water pollution
•nectsfAnlmals).
PB-265 291/5 Not available NTIS
Captan Hydrolysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
N. Lee Wolfe, Richard G. Zepp, James C. Doster, and
Reginald C. Hollis. 16 Jan 76,7p EPA/600/J076/030
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v24 n5
p1041-1045Sep/Oct76.
Captan (N-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-di-
carboximide) undergoes hydrolysis readily in water
with a maximum half-life of 710 min. Over the pH range
2-6, the reaction is pH independent and the pseudo-
first-order rate constant is (1.8 + or - 0.1) x 10 to the -
5th power/s. Above pH 7 the reaction is pH dependent
and the second-order rate constant for alkaline hy-
drolysis is (5.7 + or - 0.4) x 10 to the 2nd power/MS.
The products are 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide,
carbon dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and sulfur. Folpet
(N-(trichloromethy(thio)phthalimide) and captafol (N-
(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-
dicarboxide) hydrolyze at pH 7 with rates similar to that
of captan. It is very likely that hydrolysis will be an im-
portant degradative pathway for these fungicides in
the aquatic environment. Copyright (c) 1976 by the
American Chemical Socity.
Keywords: "Fungicides, 'Water pollution, 'Hydrolysis,
Reaction kinetics, Degradation, Chemical reactions,
Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Cycloalkene
compounds, Experimental design, 'Captan, 'Cyclo-
hexene dicarboximide/N-((trichloromethyl)thio),
Folpet, Captafol, Reprints.
PB-265 292/3 Not available NTIS
Methylation of Mercury In Agricultural Soils. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
R. D. Rogers. 7 Jan 76, 8p EPA/60p/J-76/040
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v5 n4 p454-458
Oct-Dec 76.
Methylation of applied divalent mercury ion was found
to occur in agricultural soils. The production of methyl-
mercury was affected by soil texture, soil moisture con-
tent, soil temperature, concentration of the ionic mer-
cury amendment, and time. Methylation was directly
proportional to clay content, moisture content, tem-
perature, and mercury concentration. After an initial
build-up of methylmercury in soil, there appeared to be
a mechanism that decreased the methylmercury con-
tent with increasing time. Copyright (c) 1976, ASA,
CSSA, SSSA.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Soils, 'Methylation, Mer-
cury organic compounds, Ions, Experimental design,
'Mercury/methyl, Reprints.
PB-265 293/1 Not available NTIS
EPA Needs In Microcosm Research. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
W. M. Sanders, III. 18 Apr 76,4p EPA/600/J-78/041
Pub in International Jnl. of Environmental Studies, v10
p3-5 1976.
E.P.A. needs effective, reliable, rapid, and relatively in-
expensive tools and techniques to screen and identify
those chemicals having potentially harmful health and
ecological effects. In addition to data on direct orga-
nisms or system impacts, effective techniques should
provide information on accumulation, persistence and
degradation, and the potential for intermedia transport.
With additional evaluation, documentation, and devel-
opment, current microcosm technology should be ex-
tremely useful in meeting this need. Copyright (c)
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Ltd., 1976.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Trace elements, Public health,
Ecology, Monitoring, Laboratory equipment,
Concentration(Composition), Requirements, Re-
search. Procedures, Reprints.
PB-265 303/8 PC A02/MF A01
A Critical Review of Air Pollution Index Systems
In the United States and Canada. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Div.
Wayne R. Ott, and Gary C. Thorn. 1976,13p EPA/
600/J-76/035
Prepared in cooperation with President's Council on
Environmental Quality, Washington, D.C. Pub. In Jnl. of
the Air Pollution Control Association, v26 n5 p460-470
May 76.
An extensive survey was conducted of all the air pollu-
tion indices that are presently utilized or are available.
The data were obtained from a literature review; from
telephone discussions with personnel in State, local,
and Provincial air pollution control agencies; and from
material received from these agencies. Of the 55 met-
ropolitan air pollution control agencies surveyed in the
United States, 35 used some form of daily air pollution
index. These indices were so varied that it was neces-
sary to develop a system to classify indices according
to four criteria: (1) number of variables, (2) calculation
method, (3) calculation mode, and (4) descriptor cate-
gories reported with the index. Using the classification
system, 14 basically different index types were identi-
fied. With two minor exceptions, it was found that no
two indices were exactly the same. The survey results
and agency comments were used to identify the gener-
al structural characteristics and criteria for a candidate
uniform air pollution index.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'lndexes(Ratios), 'United
States, 'Canada, Metropolitan areas, Classification,
Environmental surveys, Air quality, *Air pollution indi-
ces, Environmental indices, Repi ints.
PB-265 304/6 PC A02/MF A01
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Pollutant Stand-
ards Index. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Div.
Wayne R. Ott, and William F. Hunt, Jr. 1976,7p EPA/
600/J-76/034
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v26
n11 p1050-1054 Nov 76.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recom-
mended a daily air pollution index for use by State and
local air pollution control agencies~the Pollutant
Standards Index (PSI). The new index makes use of
segmented linear functions which convert measured
concentrations of each air pollutant into a normalized
number. The overall index is reported for the pollutant
with the maximum subindex value, or the critical pollut-
ant. To evaluate the index during its design phases, a
computer analysis was undertaken using air quality
data from selected cities. This analysis examined the
statistical properties of the new index, the time series
of index values, and the frequency distribution of de-
scriptor words and critical pollutants. The index was
found to be an effective tool for compactly represent-
ing a year of air quality data at any air monitoring sta-
tion. It showed sufficient day-to-day variation to give
useful information to the public on daily air quality
levels. This paper provides sufficient technical detail
for the engineer who wishes to apply the index on a
large-scale computer, minicomputer, or hand calcula-
tor.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'lndexes(Ratios), Standards,
Air quality, Statistical analysis, Time series analysis,
Frequency distribution, Metropolitan areas, 'Pollutant
Standards Index, "Air pollution indices, Environmental
indices, Computer aided analysis, Reprints.
PB-265 305/3 PC A02/MF A01
A Proposed Uniform Air Pollution Index. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Div.
Gary C. Thorn, and Wayne R. Ott. 8 Jan 76,6p EPA/
600/J-76/036
Prepared in cooperation with President's Council on
Environmental Quality, Washington, D.C. Pub. in At-
mospheric Environment, v10 p261-264 1976.
A uniform air pollution index for the U.S. is proposed.
The Index was developed from ten criteria identified in
a survey of all the air pollution indices currently In use
In the U.S. and Canada. The proposed index, named
the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI), was designed to
overcome the objections that some air pollution con-
trol agencies have raised about existing indices. PSI is
a segmented linear function based on the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards and Federal Episode
Criteria. It is a maximum type index, reporting only the
highest numerical value of all the sub-index values for
each pollutant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *lndexes(Ratio8), Standards,
Air quality, Criteria, Environmental surveys, Environ-
mental indices, 'Air pollution indices, 'Pollutant Stand-
ards Index, Reprints.
December 1983 105
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-265 306/1 PC A02/MF A01
A General Purpose Univarlate Probability Model
for Environmental Data Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Oiv.
Wayne R. Ott, and David T. Mage. 1976,10p EPA/
600/J-76/037
Pub. in Computers and Operations Research, v3 p209-
2161976.
Analysis of environmental quality data for decision
making purposes (evaluation of compliance with
standards, examination of environmental trends, de-
termination of confidence intervals) generally requires
a suitable univariate probability model. It sometimes is
difficult, when many probability models are available,
to select the most appropriate one for a given data set.
The underlying physical laws which generate pollutant
concentrations-diffusion processes-offer insight into
which model may be most appropriate for a variety of
situations. Treating the diffusion equation as a sto-
chastic differential equation, the time series of pollut-
ant concentration data from diffusion phenomena is
shown to have a distribution that is best approximated
by the censored, 3-parameter lognormal probability
model (LN3C). The model is applied to 10 air quality
data sets (SO2, 03, CO, paniculate, hydrocarbons,
and N02 from the United States, France, West Ger-
many, and Denmark) and 9 water quality data sets
(BOD, coliform, chloride, and sulfate from the Ohio
River). The authors conclude that the LN3C probability
model offers data analysts a superior, general purpose
model suitable for a large variety of environmental
phenomena.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Water quality, 'Air
quality, Data analysis, Decision making, water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Carbon mon-
oxide, Particles, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen dioxide,
Chlorides, Sulfates, Computerized simulation, Coliform
bacteria, Diffusion, Numerical analysis, Biochemical
oxygen demand, monitoring, Atmospheric composi-
tion, Atmospheric composition,
Concentration(Composition), Law enforcement, As-
sessments, LN3C model.
PB-265 307/9 PC A02/MF A01
Air Pollution Indices In the United States and
Canada - The Present Picture. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Div.
Wayne R. Ott, and Gary C. Thorn. 1976, 23p EPA/
600/J-76/038
Presented at the American Chemical Society Centen-
nial Meeting, 171st ACS National Meeting, Symposium
on a Recommended Standard Air Pollution Index, New
York, New York, April 7,1976. Prepared in cooperation
with President's Council on Environmental Quality,
Washington, D.C.
Although several air pollution indices have been pro-
posed in the technical literature, there has been no
systematic evaluation of the many indices that are
presently being used for daily air quality reporting in
metropolitan areas. A literature review and user survey
were therefore conducted by CEQ and EPA to develop
a compendium of air pollution indices. This compendi-
um describes the index-reporting practices of all U.S.
and Canadian air pollution control agencies. In the
United States, 35 out of 55 agencies were found to be
using some kind of air pollution index. For each of the
indices, separate analysis records were prepared to
summarize index characteristics and code them into a
classification system. Through this system, it was de-
termined that 14 basically different types of indices are
currently in use. Except for five States which have
adopted internally uniform index formats, no two U.S.
cities are presently using the same index. The indices
differ in the numbers and types of pollutants included,
the methods of calculation, and the descriptor words
which are reported with the index values. From these
findings, it was concluded that there is need to develop
a Standard Air Pollution index which can be recom-
mended for use by State and local agencies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Indexes(Ratios), "United
States, "Canada, Metropolitan areas, Air quality, Clas-
sification, Environmental surveys, "Air pollution indi-
ces, Pollutant Standards Index, Environmental indices.
PB-265 308/7 PC A02/MF A01
A Recommended Standard Air Pollution Index.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Quality Assurance Div.
GaryC. Thorn, Wayne R. Ott, William F. Hunt, and
John B. Moran. 1976, 29p EPA/600/J-76/039
Presented at the American Chemical Society Centen-
nial Meeting, 171st ACS National Meeting. Symposium
on a Recommended Standard Air Pollution Index, New
York, New York, April 7,1976. Prepared in cooperation
with President's Council on Environmental Quality,
Washington, D.C.
A candidate standard air pollution index has been de-
veloped for use by State and local air pollution control
agencies in reporting daily air quality conditions to the
news media and the public. The proposed index, which
was developed in consultation with State and local
agencies, is based on the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards and the Federal Emergency Episode Crite-
ria. The index is a segmented linear function which uti-
lizes the highest observed concentrations of each pol-
lutant for the daily calculation of nondimensional nu-
merical index values. Index values are cross-refer-
enced to descriptor words which reflect the health ef-
fects implications of the measured pollution levels. A
flexible reporting scheme and methods for conven-
iently calculating the index are described.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Indexes(Ratios), Standards,
Air quality, Contaminants, Public health, Environmental
surveys, Reporting, Environmental indices, 'Air pollu-
tion indices, "Pollutant Standards Index, Reprints.
PB-265 309/5 PC A02/MF A01
The Foundations of Organic Pollutant Analysis.
Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Aaron A. Rosen. 1976,15p EPA/600/J-76/033
Pub. in Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollut-
ants in Water, Ann Arbor Science, Chapter 1, p3-14
1976.
Systematic analysis of organic pollutants began a
quarter century ago with the decision to apply current
methods of organic qualitative analysis to multigram
amounts of mixed organic pollutants recovered from
extremely large sample volumes, by carbon adsorption
or liquid extraction. The available tools (classical or-
ganic chemical analysis, sensory methods, molecular
complexes, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet and infrared
spectrometry, and primitive chromatography). These
tools accomplished some landmark achievements in
abatement of organic chemical pollution of water sup-
plies, including: the foundation of oil spill source detec-
tion by passive labeling, the analytical proof that
forced the conversion of the detergent industry to bio-
degradable products, the first discovery of unforeseen
pollution by chlorinated pesticides, and the first animal
studies of carcinogenicity of organic water contami-
nants. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Pesticides, Oil pol-
lution, Laboratory equipment, Methodology, Sampling,
Carcinogens, losopic labeling, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Detergents, Biodetenoration, X ray diffraction,
Ultraviolet spectrometry, Infrared spectrometry, Fore-
casting, Extraction, Carbon, Adsorption, 'Water pollu-
tion detection.
PB-265 310/3 PC A02/MF A01
Chlorinated Compounds Found In Waste-Treat-
ment Effluents and Their Capacity to Bloaccumu-
late. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Herbert L. Kopperman, Douglas W. Kuehl, and Gary E.
Glass. Jul 76,22p EPA/600/J-76/027
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Dept. of Chemistry. Pub. in Proceedings of the Confer-
ence on the Environmental Impact of Water Chlorina-
tion, Oak Ridge, Tenn., 22-24 Oct 75 p327-344 1976.
The incorporation of chlorine into compounds during
the disinfection of waste effluents with chlorine is an
undesirable end result of effluent treatment due to an
increase in the persistence and bioaccumulatability of
the chloro-organics. The problems that arise with
bioaccumulation of organic compounds are generally
not immediately apparent, and a major segment of the
ecosystem may be contaminated before the problem
is recognized. A discussion of chlorinated compounds
found in waste-treatment effluents and their capacity
to bioaccumulate is presented. Attention is especially
drawn to an unreported compound type, the chloroani-
soles.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Chlorination, Disinfection, Toxicity, Antmeoplas-
tic agents, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry,
Anisole, Concentration(Composition), Bioassay,
"Bioaccumulation.
PB-265 311/1 PC A02/MF A01
Larval Feeding and Rapid Maturation of Bluegllls
In the Laboratory. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Wesley E. Smith. 1976, 5p EPA/600/J-76/025
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v38 n2 p95-r» Apr
76.
Bluegill larvae were raised in the laboratory with a nigh
percentage of survival using newly hatched San Fran-
cisco brine shrimp nauplii as a first food. Utah brine
shrimp nauplii and older San Francisco nauplii were
too large for a bluegill first food. Bluegills were raised
to maturity in 4-6 months.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, 'Feeding stuffs,
'Aquaculture, Larvae, Growth, Maturation, Laborato-
ries, Survival, California, Shrimps, Reprints, 'Lepomis
macrochirus.
PB-265 312/9 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Buoyant Surface Jets. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. Oreq.
M. A. Shirazi, and L. R. Davis. 1976, 8p EPA/600/J-
76/028
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Pub. in Jnl. of Heat Transfer, v98 n3 p367-372
Aug 76.
To obtain improved prediction of heated plume charac-
teristics from a surface jet, an integral analysis com-
puter model was modified and a comprehensive set of
field and laboratory data available from the literature
was gathered, analyzed, and correlated for estimating
the magnitude of certain coefficients that are normally
introduced in these analyses to achieve closure. The
parameters so estimated include the coefficients for
entrapment, turbulent exchange, drag, and shear.
Since there appeared considerable scatter in the data,
even after appropriate subgrouping to narrow the influ-
ence of various flow conditions on the data, only statis-
tical procedures could be applied to find the best fit.
This and other analyses of its type have been widely
used in industry and government for the prediction of
thermal plumes from steam power plants. Although the
present model has many shortcomings, a recent inde-
pendent and exhaustive assessment of such predic-
tions revealed that in comparison with other analyses
of this type the present analysis predicts the field situa-
tions more successfully.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Plumes, "Hydrau-
lic jets, Computerized simulation, Jet flow, Numerical
analysis, Field tests, Data analysis, Drag, Steam elec-
tric power generation, Heat transfer
PB-265 313/7 PC A02/MF A01
Optimization of State Water Quality Monitoring
Systems. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Assess-
ment and Criteria Development Div.
Donald H. Lewis. 1976,19p EPA/600/J-76/029
Pub. in Jnl. of Computers and Operations Research,
v3n2-3p127-143Aug76.
The water quality monitoring activities required of the
States under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments (PL92-500) will require resources well
beyond what is likely to be available, if current systems
structures and operating procedures are followed. This
paper describes some quantitative procedures devel-
oped to optimize monitoring resource allocation, with
the goal of getting the greatest possible return on a
limited monitoring budget The ambient and effluent
standards which form the basis of the monitoring
system are described. Stochastic inputs to the river
basin which lead to violations of these standards are
identified, and progress in characterizing these vari-
ations mathematically is discussed. Quantitative prior-
ity-setting procedures for the two principal monitoring
106 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
activities (ambient and effluent), which take into ac-
count these stochastic inputs, are reviewed. Both pro-
where the next Increment of resource should be ex-
pended to maximize alternative monitoring objective
functions. Approaches to integrating these two primary
monitoring functions and opportunities for further ap-
plications of operations research techniques to im-
prove program effectiveness and efficiency are sug-
gested.
Keywords: 'Water quality, Monitoring, Standards, Nu-
merical analysis, Optimization, Surface waters, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Sites, 'Water pol-
lution sampling, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, Procedures.
PB-265 314/5 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Effects of Methylmercurlc Chloride on
Thr»» Generations of Brook Trout (Salvellnua fon-
tlnalls): Toxlclty, Accumulation, Distribution, and
Elimination. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. M. McKim, G. F. Olson, G. W. Holcombe, and E. P.
Hunt. 25 May 76,16p EPA/600/J-76/031
Pub. in Jnl. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v33
p2726-27391976.
During a 144-wk period three generations of brook
trout (Salvellnus fontinalis) were continuously exposed
to mean water concentrations of methylmercuric chlo-
ride (MMC) of 2.93, 0.93, 0.29, 0.09, 0.03, and less
than 0.010 (control) micrograms Hg/liter. During the
first 39 wk the highest concentration (2.93 micrograms
Hg/liter) produced deformities and 88% mortality of
first-generation adults. At an MMC concentration of
0.93 micrograms Hg/liter, second-generation trout de-
veloped deformities and all but one female died during
the 108-wk exposure. No significant effects on surviv-
al, growth, or reproduction of second-generation trout
were noted at any of the lower MMC concentrations.
No toxic symptoms were observed in the third genera-
tion at the three lowest MMC concentrations. The
maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC)
for brook trout exposed to MMC in this water with a
hardness of 45 mg/liter (as CACO3) and a pH of 7.5
fell between 0.93 and 0.29 micrograms Hg/liter. The
mean 96-h LC50 for yearling (200 g) and 20-wk-old (12
g) juvenile brook trout exposed to MMC was 75.0 mi-
crograms Hg/liter, and the application factor (MATC/
96-h LC50) lies between 0.004 and 0.013.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Trout, 'Fishes,
Tisaues(Biology), Mercury organic compounds, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Bioassay, Exposure, Mortal-
ity, Physiological effects, Toxicology, Accumulation,
Distribution, Elimination, Tables(Data), Congenital ab-
normalities, Larvae, ReproductionlBiology).
Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage, Permissi-
ble dosage, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effecte(Animals), 'Mercury/chloro-methyl, 'Salvelinus
fontinalis, Bioaccumulation, Maximum permissible ex-
posure level, Teratology.
PB-265 315/2 PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Effects of Cadmium on Three Generations
of Brook Trout (Salvellnus fontinalis). Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
D. A. Benoit, E. N. Leonard, G. M. Christensen, and J.
T. Fiandt. 1978,13p EPA/600/J-76/032
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v105 n4 p550-560 1976.
Three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
were exposed to several concentrations of total cad-
mium. Significant numbers of first- and second-gen-
eration adult males died during spawning at 3.4 micro-
grams Cd/liter. This concentration also significantly re-
tarded growth of Juvenile second- and third-generation
offspring. The maximum acceptable toxicant concen-
tration (MATC) for brook trout exposed to cadmium in
Lake Superior water (hardness 44 mg/liter as CaCO3,
pH 7-8) lies between 1.7 and 3.4 micrograms Cd/liter.
Cadmium-residue analyses of kidney, liver, gill, gonad,
spleen, muscle, and red blood cells from first- and
second-generation trout indicated that kidney, liver,
and gill tissue accumulated the greatest amounts of
cadmium at each water exposure concentration. No
significant increases in cadmium were measured in
edible muscle at any of the cadmium water concentra-
tions tested. Cadmium residues in kidney, liver, and gill
tissue of fish from all exposure concentrations reached
equilibrium (micrograms Cd/g tissue) in both first- and
second-generation trout after 20 weeks.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fishes, 'Cadmium, 'Trout,
Tissues(Biology), Fresh water fishes, Exposure, Toxic
tolerances, lake Superior, Bioassay, Growth,
Reproduction(Biology), Larvae, Physiological effects,
Toxicology, Methodology, Life cycles, Experimental
data, Tissues(Biology), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxic substances, 'Salvelinus fontin-
alis, Maximum permissible exposure level, Reprints,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-265 316/0 PC A18/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
The Ecological Effects of Coal Strip-Mining: A Bib-
liography with Abstracts,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
Sally Ralston, David Hilbert, David Swift, Barbara
Carlson, and Leila Menges. Mar 77,421 p* FWS/OBS-
77/09
Contract EPA-16-0008-2107
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., as part of the Federal Inter-
agency Energy/Environmental Research and Devel-
opment Program.
This bibliography contains references with abstracts,
on the ecological effects of coal strip-mining in the
western United States, with particular emphasis on the
Northern Great Plains. It does not represent an ex-
haustive search of all possible literature, but its board
scope will make it useful to workers engaged in strip-
mine rehabilitation. There are two parts to this bibliog-
raphy; Part I contains the references and abstracts,
Part II is an extensive 'keyword in Title' index to the ref-
erences.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Coal mining, 'Strip mining,
'Bibliographies, Environmental impacts, Topography,
Social effect, Land reclamation, Spoil, Erosion,
Concentration(Composition), Water resources, Hydro-
geology, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals. Mine waters,
Water consumption, Plant growth, Wildlife, Economic
models, Field tests, United States, 'Northern Great
Plains Region(United States).
PB-265 321/0 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Short Course Proceedings: Applications of Storm-
water Management Models, 1976. Proceedings
rept. Jun 75-Aug 76,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Francis A. DiGiano, Donald D. Adrian, and Peter A.
Mangarella. Mar 77,447p' EPA/600/2-77-065
Grant EPA-R-803069
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-247 163.
This Short Course on applications of stormwater man-
agement models is a follow-up to a course sponsored
by the U.S. EPA and now available as EPA Report
670/2-75-065. The proceedings contained herein rep-
resent an entirely new set of contributions from partici-
pating speakers. The objective of this Short Course is
to provide practitioners with the capability to apply spe-
cific models directly. Toward this goal, a discussion of
the common components of stormwater management
models first gives an overview of modeling needs. The
U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) is
then described in detail and an illustrative case study
presented. The methodology for data preparation is
outlined and sample input and output data given for
the Rainfall-Runoff, Transport, Storage/Treatment
and Receiving Water Blocks of the EPA SWMM. A dis-
cussion of crfteria for selecting models for application
as either planning or design tools is then presented
along with illustrations of the use of two simplified
models. Finally, the techniques for collecting field data
for model calibration are presented and the perform-
ance of commercially available sampling equipment
assessed This report was submitted in partial fulfill-
ment of Grant Number 803069 by the Department of
Civil Engineering at the University of Massachusetts,
under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection
Agency. This report covers the period June 3,1975 to
August 31,1976 and work completed as of August 31,
1976.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Combined
sewers, 'Storm sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Man-
uals, Computerized simulation, Methodology, Water
pollution abatement, Field tests, Tables(Data), Nu-
merical analysis, Sampling, Fluid infiltration, Water
quality, Cost analysis, Rainfall intensity, Overflows,
Management planning, 'Stormwater management
model. Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB-265 334/3 Not available NTIS
The Effect of a Number 2 Fuel OH and a South
Louisiana Crude Oil on the Behavior of the Soft
Shell Clam, Mya arenarla L. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
Dennis M. Stainken. 1976,8p EPA/600/J-76/042
Pub. in Bulletin of Contamination and Toxicology, v16
n6p724-7291976.
Static bioassay tests with Mya arenaria were conduct-
ed over a 96 hour period to determine the effects of a
No. 2 fuel oil and a South Louisiana crude oil. Oils were
added in an emulsified form as a single dose concen-
tration at the beginning of the experiment. Oils were
tested at 4 and 14C over a concentration range from
50 -1600 ppm. Behavioral observations were made in
all tests. Although LC50 determinations were inconclu-
sive, behavioral effects were repeatable for both crude
and refined oil. The increasingly greater concentra-
tions of oil elicited greater mucus secretion and de-
creased tactile response. The effects were greater at
higher temperatures.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Fuel oil, 'Clams, 'Bioassay,
'Oil pollution, Animal behavior,
Cpncentration(Composition), Mucus, Responses, Ac-
climatization, Temperature, Field tests, Louisiana, Tox-
icity, Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Mortality, Reprints,
'Mya arenaria, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-265 335/0 Not available NTIS
Tract Organic Components as Fingerprints In Gas
Chromatographlc Identification of Spilled As-
phalts. Report for Jan 73-Jan 76,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Fred K. Kawahara. 2 Feb 76, 7p EPA/600/J-76/001
Presented at International Marine Monitoring Sympo-
sium Held at Gaithersburg, Md. on 14 May 74, spon-
sored by Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commis-
sion, World Meteorological Organization.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v10
n8p761-765Aug76.
The development and testing of a new concept for oil
identification this past year made possible the suc-
cessful application of gas chromatography to the anal-
ysis and identification of asphalts. Through the use of
electron capture detection-gas chromatography, the
passively labeled perfluorobenzyl thioethers and
ethers which are derivatives of weak acids present in
trace amounts in discharged heavier petroleum prod-
ucts were separated, and the resulting chromatograms
served as fingerprints for identification. Copyright (c)
1976 by the American Chemical Society.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Asphalts, 'Oil pollution,
Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Trace ele-
ments, Petroleum products, Infraredspectroscopy, Ex-
perimental design, "Water pollution detection, Oil
spills, Electron capture detectors, Sources, Flame ion-
ization detectors.
PB-265 337/6 Not available NTIS
Disinfection of New Water Mains,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
Ohio.
Ralph W. Buelow, Raymond H. Taylor, Edwin E.
Geldreich, Arley Goodenkauf, and Leo Wilwerdina Jun
76, 8p EPA/600/J-76/003
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association
v68n6p283-288Jun76.
The 'AWWA Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains'
(AWWA C601-68) has fallen into disuse by a number
of water utilities because of repeated bacteriological
failures following initial disinfection with the recom-
mended high-dose chlorination. Other methods of dis-
infection, including the use of potassium permangan-
ate and copper sulfate, do not alleviate this problem.
Physical cleanliness of new mains Is of primary impor-
tance and may result in successful disinfection with the
low free-chlorine residuals in distribution-line water.
December 1983 107
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Copyright (c) 1976, Journal American Water Works
Assn.
Keywords: 'Cleaning, * Water pipelines, 'Disinfection,
'Microorganism control(Sewage), 'Microorganism
control(Water), 'Water pollution control, Bacteria,
Chlorination, Copper sulfates, Potassium permangan-
ate, Decontamination, Comparison, Water treatment,
Sewage treatment, Reprints.
PB-285 338/4 Not available NTIS
Systems Chemical Analysis of Petroleum Pollut-
ants. Interim rept. 1975-76,
Environmental Monitroing and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Fred K. Kawahara, and You Yen Yang. 3 Nov 75,7p
EPA/600/J-76/006
Prepared in cooperation with Health Effects Research
Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. Presented in part at the National
Bureau of Standards, International Marine Monitoring
Symposium, Gaithersburg, Md. 14 May 74.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v48 n4 p651-655 Apr 76.
The application of an established mathematical treat-
ment useful for the characterization and identification
of petroleum pollutants is described. Using discricni-
nant analysis of relevant infrared spectrophotqmetric
data, 99% of numerous known and unknown oil sam-
ples have been correctly characterized and identified.
Unknown samples include weathered crude oils,
heavy residual fuel oils, and asphalts, which were all
correctly identified by systems chemical analysis and
by other chemical analysis such as electron capture
detection gas chromatography, flame ionization detec-
tion gas chromatography, metal analysis, etc. Copy-
right (c) 1976 by the American Chemical Society.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Crude oil, 'Oil pollution,
Petroleum products, Infrared spectrophotometry, Fuel
oil, Asphalts, Gas chromatography, Experimental
design, Chemical analysis, Residual oils, Electron cap-
ture detectors, Flame ionization detectors, 'Water pol-
lution detection, Reprints.
PB-265 339/2 Not available NTIS
Light-Induced Transformations of Methoxychlor
In Aquatic Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Richard G. Zepp, N. Lee Wolfe, John A. Gordon, and
Robert C. Fincher. 8 Oct 75,9p EPA/600/J-76/007
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v24 n4
p727-733Jul/Aug76.
The light-induced decomposition of methoxychlor was
studied in hexane, distilled water, and several natural
water samples. Product studies indicate that the pri-
mary photochemical process for methoxychlor is the
same as that for DDT-cleavage of one of its carbon-
chlorine bonds to form free-radical intermediates. Sub-
sequent reactions of these intermediates with them-
selves, oxygen, or the solvent determine the nature of
products. Copyright (c) 1976 by the American Chemi-
cal Society.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'DOT, 'Photolysis, 'Water
pollution control, Chlorine organic compounds, De-
composition reactions, Light(Visible radiation), Photo-
chemical reactions, Oxygen, Reaction kinetics, Sur-
face waters, Distilled water, Correlation techniques,
Sunlight, Marine biology, Experimental design, 'Meth-
oxychlor, 'DDE insecticide, 'Dichlorodiphenyltrichlor-
oethane, Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Envi-
ronmental chemical substitutes.
PB-265 340/0 Not available NTIS
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. M. McKim, R. L. Anderson, D. A. Benoit, R. L.
Spehar, and G. N. Stokes. Jun 76,80p EPA/600/J-76/
009
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v48
n6p1544-1620Jun76.
An extensive literature review is presented which is
concerned with the effects of pollutants (metals, pesti-
cides, detergents, industrial wastes) on freshwater
fish; chemical and biological methods for identifying
and determining the effects of such pollutants; and the
effects of the water quality parameters salinity,
oxygen, and pH on freshwater fish.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water pollution, Re-
views, Metals, Pesticides, Detergents, Industrial
wastes, Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Water
quality, Salinity, Oxygen, pH, Dissolved gases, Aqua-
culture, Tables(Data), Reprints, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-265 347/5 PC A1S/MF A01
Office of Research and Development (ORD) Publi-
cations Summary. Rept. for 1967-1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 76, 409p EPA/600/9-76/013d
See also report dated Dec 75, PB-252 518.
The summary is a current listing of the Office of Re-
search and Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, and interagency projects. Reports are
indexed by Title, Subject Area, Performing Organiza-
tion, Personal Author, Report Number, and Grant,
Contract, or Interagency Agreement Number to aid the
reader in identifying reports of interest.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Environmental impacts, 'Tech-
nical reports, Abstracts, Health, Toxicology, Waste
treatment, Ecology, Herbicides, Pesticides, Contami-
nants, Air pollution, Water pollution, Pollution control,
Pollution abatement, Announcement bulletins, Envi-
ronmental issues, Environmental quality, Waste recy-
cling.
PB-265 350/9 PC A03/MF A01
Sampling and Data Reporting Considerations for
Airborne Partlculate Radioactivity. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Gregory G. Eadie, and David E. Bernhardt. Dec 76,
39pORP/LV-76/9
This report discusses the evaluation of selected air fil-
ters for their suitability as collection media for the radi-
ological analyses of airborne paniculate matter. Stand-
ard four-inch diameter filters were analyzed for their
natural radioactivity contents. Of the filters tested,
glass fiber filters had the highest radium-226 content
(0.35 picocuries per filter) and Microsorban filters con-
tained roughly one-third of this activity. Microsorban fil-
ters also nave lower uranium and thorium contents
than do the glass fiber filters. For the analytical meth-
ods used in this study, all filter types tested had unde-
tectable polonium-210, lead-210, and radium-228 con-
tents. Dust loading characteristics of selected filters
were also evaluated. The results indicate that Micro-
sorban filters have higher collection and dust retention
efficiencies (ranging from 6 to 26 percent greater) than
do glass fiber filters. As a result of these evaluations,
Microsorban filters are being used in the routine envi-
ronmental radiological air quality monitoring networks
operated by the Office of Radiation Programs - Las
Vegas Facility (ORP-LVF).
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Air filters, Sampling,
Radium isotopes, Polonium 210, Lead isotopes,
Standard deviation, Lead 210, Radium 226, Radium
228.
PB-265 351/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab, Athens, Ga. Technology
Development and Applications Branch.
Demonstration of Aeration Systems for Poultry
Wastes. Final rept.,
Manorcrest Farms, Camillus, N.Y.
J. H. Martin, and R. C. Loehr. Oct 76,164p EPA/600/
2-76/186
Grant EPA-S-800863
Prepared by Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
A full scale study demonstrated the potential of aer-
ation systems to reduce the water and air pollution po-
tential of poultry wastes under commercial conditions.
The performance of two oxidation ditches, each re-
ceiving the wastes from approximately 4000 laying
hens, was monitored and evaluated. The relationships
between two design and operational variables and
system performance were examined. The variables
were level of oxygen supply and solids retention time.
It was observed that an oxygen input equivalent to the
exerted carbonaceous oxygen demand provided a
high degree of odor control. Increase in oxygen supply
to also satisfy the exerted nitrogenous oxygen demand
resulted in nitrification which terminated ammonia de-
sorption. Subsequent nitrogen losses were the result
of denitrification relationships between removals of
total solids, volatile solids, COD, and organic nitrogen
in aerated poultry wastes were developed. Two major
problem areas were identified and examined. The first
was the removal and concentration of residual solids
to maximize oxygen transfer efficiency and minimize
the volume of material requiring ultimate disposal. The
second was sedimentation of solids in the oxidation
ditch channel which reduced and in several instances
stopped mixed liquor circulation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Odor control, 'Aerobic
processes, Oxidation, Performance evaluation, Feasi-
bility, Denitrification, Solid waste disposal, Poultry, Ni-
trogen, Oxygen, Chemical removal(Sewage treat-
ment), Cost estimates, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Design criteria, Economics, 'Poultry processing,
Industrial waste treatment.
PB-265 354/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion Program, FY 1976.
Annual status rept. Jul 75-Sep 76.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Feb 77, 66p EPA/600/7-77/012
Contract EPA-68-02-21 38
The report describes the objectives, content, and
fiscal year 1976 progress of the research and develop-
ment program being conducted by the EPA for envi-
ronmental characterization of the fluidized-bed com-
bustion (FBC) process. EPA's FBC program is a con-
tract program, utilizing a variety of contractors, aimed
at ensuring that all potential environmental problems
associated with this developing energy technology are
identified and adequately addressed. EPA's program is
being conducted in coordination with the FBC technol-
ogy development program being conducted by the
U.S. Energy Research and Development Administra-
tion (ERDA). Some important contributions of EPA's
FBC program to the National effort will include: estab-
lishment of environmental goals based on health and
ecological effects of emitted pollutants; comprehen-
sive analyses of emissions from operating FBC units;
assessment and development of any necessary envi-
ronmental control technology; recommendations for
environmental standards for the process; and devel-
opment of manuals of best available technology.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Assessments, Particles, Public health, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Ecology, Manuals, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Trace elements, Calcium
oxides, Mobility, Sampling, Sorbents, Air filters, Solid
waste disposal, Cost estimates, Boilers, 'Fluidized bed
combustion.
PB-265 357/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis,
Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch-Cincinnati.
Fruit Cannery Waste Activated Sludge as a Cattle
Fesd Ingredient,
Snokist Growers, Yakima, Wash.
Larry A. Esvelt. Sep 76,66p EPA/600/2-76/253
Grant EPA-S-803307
Prepared by Bovay Engineers, Inc., Spokane, Wash.
The feasibility of sludge disposal, from a fruit process-
ing waste activated sludge treatment system, by dewa-
tering and using the dewatered biological sludge solids
as cattle feed was evaluated by Snokist Growers at
Yakima, Washington. Dewatering of the biological
sludge utilizing pilot-scale and prototype-scale basket
centrifuges resulted in consistently dewatering to 7-1 /
2% to 9% dry solids. Digestibility and metabolizability
of rations containing 2.3% and 4.5% biological solids
appeared equal to a control ration, but a ration contain-
ing 9.2% biological solids appeared lower. Twenty-four
uniform yearling steers were divided into four lots of six
each and finish fed a control ration and rations con-
taining 2.3%, 4.6%, and 8.9% sludge solids on a dry
matter basis for 165 days. They did not show any ad-
verse effects of the sludge incorporation into their ra-
tions. It appeared that a low quantity of sludge (2.3%
dry solids) actually enhanced the weight gain perform-
ance and carcass quality of these animals. The cost of
a dewatering Installation will require that the canney
receive remuneration for use of the waste activated
sludge as cattle feed in order to make a full-scale
dewatering project feasible. The calculated value of
108 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the biological solids incorporated into the rations was
in the range ot $0.092 to $0.148 per kg dry solids.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, 'Food processing,
'Feeding stuffs, 'Activated sludge process, 'Canner-
ies, Feasibility, Animal nutrition, Byproducts, Fruits, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Dewatering, Beef cattle, Cen-
trifuging, Water pollution control, Nutrients, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, 'Solid waste dis-
posal.
PB-265 359-T PC A20/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Translation of Reports on Special Problems of
Water Technology. Volume 9 - Adsorption,
Karlsruhe Univ. (West Germany). Engler-Bunte Institut.
H. Sontheimer. Dec 76,464p EPA/600/9-76/030
Trans, of Conference on Adsorption and Reactivation
as a Water Treatment Unit Process, at Engler-Bunte-
Institut, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany,
1975. Portions of this document are in German.
In the summer of 1975 a Conference was held at the
Engler-Bunte-lnstitute in Karlsruhe, Federal Republic
of Germany on the subject of adsorption and reactiva-
tion as a water treatment unit process. Twenty-four
papers were presented by the leading scientists and
engineers in Western Europe. The Proceedings of this
Conference have been translated and are presented
herein. The information on the adsorption process for-
merly available only in German is now available in Eng-
lish. Copies of the previous 8 volumes are available in
German from the Engler-Bunte-lnstltute.
Keywords: 'Chemical removalfWater treatment), 'Ad-
sorption, 'Meetings, 'Water treatment, Activated
carbon treatment, Furnaces, Activation, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Activated carbon,
Absorbers(Materials), Translations, West Germany,
Netherlands, Western Europe, Switzerland, Reactiva-
tion furnaces, Zurich(Switzerland).
PB-265 381/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Wastewater Reclamation with a
400,000-Qallon-Per-Day Vertical Tube Evaporator.
Final rept.,
General Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio.
William C. Lang, John H. Crazier, Frank P. Drace, and
Keith H. Pearson. Oct 76,110p EPA/600/2-76/260
A vertical tube evaporator (VTE) was built to recover
water from a synthetic rubber manufacturing plant
wastewater stream containing 3,500 ppm dissolved
solids, mostly chlorides and sulfates, and organics in
excess of 100 ppm. Unit designed to produce 10.5 Ibs.
of water per pound of steam. Recovered water, con-
taining near-zero organics and solids, was recycled to
'he manufacturing process. Performance over short
Periods exceeded design. Continuous operation for ex-
tended periods was rendered impossible, due to foul-
jig and corrosion of copper alloy heat exchange sur-
faces. Corrosion was traced to presence of 2 to 5 ppm
of sulfides in the wastewater feed. Unit was retubed
with titanium. This eliminated the corrosion, but the
fouling continued. All attempts to reduce fouling by
pretreating the wastewater feed stream were unsuc-
cessful. Outside of the problems caused by the fouling
of the heat transfer surfaces, the unit operated satis-
factorily. If the fouling can be brought under control,
this method has a high probability of providing an eco-
nomical method of renovating wastewater streams
containing water soluble salts and organic chemicals.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of R and D
Project 12020 GUT, Program Element IBB610, by The
General Tire & Rubber Company under the partial
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Work completed January 1975.
Keywords: 'Water reclamation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Rubber industry, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), Recycling, Evaporators, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Corro-
sion prevention, Fouling, Manufacturing, Byproducts,
onnes, Cost estimates, Process charting, Chlorination,
uxldation, Blocldes, 'Vertlcle tube evaporation,
Waste water reuse, Styrene butadiene resins.
PB-266 363/2 PC A04/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
New Membranes for Treating Metal Finishing Ef-
fluents by Reverse Osmosis. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Minneapolis, Minn. North Star
Research Div.
Robert J. Petersen, and Kenneth E. Cobian. Oct 76,
71 p EPA/600/2-76/197
Grant EPA-R-803264-01 -0
Long-term reverse osmosis tests were conducted with
electroplating wastes on a new membrane referred to
as NS-100. This membrane consists of a polyurea
layer, formed by the reaction of tolylene diisocyanate
with polyethylenimine, deposited on a porous polysul-
fone support film. The membranes were tested as
liners within 1/2-inch diameter fiber glass tubes. A
total of 2360 hours of continuous reverse osmosis op-
eration was achieved, 1220 hours on pH 1.2 acid
copper rinse water and 1140 hours on pH 12.8 alkaline
zinc cyanide rinse water. The membranes exhibited re-
markable chemical stability during exposure to these
two pH extremes. Copper and zinc rejections were
generally greater than 99 percent, while cyanide rejec-
tions were typically 96 percent or greater. Membrane
fluxes were in the range of 18 to 24 liters per sq. m. per
hr. (11 to 14 gfd) for acid copper, but only 8 to 15 1 /sq
m-hr (5 to 9 gfd) for zinc cyanide at 41.4 bars (600 psig)
and 25C. Rejection of organics (including brighteners)
was 60 to 78 percent for acid copper and greater than
95 percent for zinc cyanide. NS-100 membranes did
not reject sulfuric acid. A modified membrane NS-101,
demonstrated twice the permeate flux of NS-100
toward zinc cyanide baths, but cyanide rejections were
low at 90 percent. Difficulties of producing reproduc-
ible, hiph-flux tubular membranes were not fully re-
solved in this study.
Keywords: 'Reverse osmosis, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Electroplating, 'Industrial waste treatment, Field
tests, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Metal
finishing, Polymers, Fluid filters, Fabrication, Casting,
Membranes, Copper, Zinc, Cyanides, Design criteria,
NS-100 membranes, 'Tubular membranes, NS-101
membranes, Procedures.
PB-265 364/0 PC A04/MF A01
The Report to Congress: Waste Disposal Prac-
tices and Their Effects on Ground Water. Execu-
tive Summary. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply,
Jan 77, 52p* EPA/570/9-77/002
See also full report, PB-265 081.
This document summarizes the report, 'Waste Dispos-
al Practices & Their Effects on Ground Water'. All ma-
terial presented in the Executive Summary Is duplicat-
ed in the full Report so that it will stand alone as a com-
plete document.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Sewage disposal,
'Ground water, 'Water quality management, Reviews,
Injection wells, Potable water, Water supply, Environ-
mental impacts, Toxicity, Legislation, Industrial
wastes, Government policies, National government,
State government, Local government, Assessments,
Water pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Septic
tanks, Mine waters, 'Drinking water, 'Safe Drinking
Water Act of 1974, Land disposal, Mine acid drainage,
Feedlot wastes.
PB-265 370/7 PC A07/MF A01
Proceedings of Symposium on Northeast Oxldant
Transport Study (1975) Held at Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, January 20-21, 1976. Final
rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Joseph J. Bufalini, and William A. Lonneman. Feb 77,
146p EPA/600/3-77/017
The preliminary results of the 1975 Northeast Oxidant
Transport Study were presented by the participants of
the study at a symposium held at the Environmental
Research Center in Research Triangle Park, NC, on
January 20-21,1976. The participants Included the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Environmental Sci-
ences Research Laboratory, EPA Region I, EPA Las
Vegas Battelle Columbus, Washington State Universi-
ty Interstate Sanitation Commission, New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation, and the
University of North Carolina. Discussed were prelimi-
nary results ot ozone measurements collected during a
study conducted to Investigate transport phenomena
In the Northeastern United States. The study was un-
dertaken to investigate the extent and importance of
transport in this densely populated area. The ultimate
purpose of the study was to provide the necessary in-
formation needed to determine the suitability of
present control strategy.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Atmospheric motion, 'Ozone,
Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Photo-
chemistry, Test chambers, Smog, Aerial surveys, Oxi-
dizers, 'Northeast Region(United States), 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, Air quality.
PB-265 371/5 PCS14.00/MFJ9.00
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). PL-94-469.
Candidate List of Chemical Substances. Volume I.
Substance Name Section (Part 1). Volume II. Sub-
stance Name Section (Part 2). Volume III. Formula
Section. CAS Number Section. Chemical Sub-
stances of Unknown or Variable Composition,
Complex Reaction Products and Biological Mate-
rials (UVCB) Section.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Apr77,2190p*
Paper copy also available from Supt. of Docs.
The Formula Section lists the molecular formulas for
all substances of known chemical constitution appear-
ing in the TSCA Candidate List of Chemical Sub-
stances, which are in the other two volumes. Where
two or more substances share the same molecular for-
mula, their names are ordered alphabetically by the
principles described before the Substance Name Sec-
tion. Element symbols in the molecular formulas are
arranged according to the Hill system. The resulting
complete molecular formulas are arranged in alpha-
betical order in the Formula Section, with each chemi-
cal element and its particular numerical suffix being
considered as a separate unit. Salts, molecular addi-
tion compounds, and copolymers are represented in
the Formula Section by the molecular formula for only
one of their components, rather than by a summation
formula which Includes all the components. The mo-
lecular formula chosen to represent a substance of
this type is the formula of the component whose name
is selected as the principal heading for the substance
in the CA Chemical Substance Index. In general, metal
salts of acids appear at the molecular formulas of the
acids; salts of organic bases with inorganic acids or
common organic acids appear at the molecular formu-
las of the bases; salts with more complex organic
acids appear at the molecular formulas of the acids;
molecular addition compounds and copolymers
appear at the molecular formula of the component
chosen to receive the principal index name for the sub-
stance by the nomenclature policies used for CA in-
dexes. Thus, a user of the Formula Section who
wishes to find an entry for a salt, molecular addition
compound, or copolymer is advised to consult entries
at the molecular formulas for each of the components
before concluding that the substance is not cited in the
Formula Section.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Pollution, Toxic Substances Control Act,
'Toxic substances, 'Chemicals, Listings.
PB-265 374/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Characterization of Ash from Coal-Fired Power
Plants. Milestone rept. May 75-Mar 76,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power Re-
search Staff.
S. S. Ray, and F. G. Parker. Jan 77,142p PRS-18,
EPA/600/7-77/010
Report on Federal Interagency Energy-Environment
Research and Development Program Report.
The report summarizes existing data on the chemical
and physical characteristics of ashes produced by the
burning of coal In steam-electric generating plants. It
summarizes several recent coal or ash characteriza-
tion studies, emphasizing the elemental chemical com-
position, particularly trace inorganic constituents. The
studies agree generally on partitioning of trace ele-
ments between bottom ash, fly ash, and flue gas. The
report examines coal and ash analysis methods, to aid
in evaluating and comparing results from studies that
do not use identical analytical methods. The need for a
standard set of analytical procedures for coal and ash
Is evident. The report also summarizes the physical
and chemical characteristics of sulfur dioxide scrub-
December 1983 109
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bing sludges, which are becoming a significant portion
of total power plant residues.
Keywords: *Ash content, 'Chemical analysis, "Coal,
Air pollution, Electric power plants, Combustion prod-
ucts, Atmospheric combustion, Chemical composition,
Industrial wastes, Fry ash, Sulfur dioxide, Trace ele-
ments, Sludges, Flue gases, Particles, Fines,
Concentration(Composition), Scrubbers, "Coal fired
power plants, Bottom ash, Gas scrubbing.
PB-265 380/6 PC A07/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Meteorology Lab.
Fiscal Year 1975 Summary Report of NOAA Mete-
orology Laboratory Support to the Environmental
Protection Agency. Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, Md. Air Resources Labs.
Herbert J. Viebrock. Jul 76,128p NOAA-TM-ERL-ARL-
62, NOAA-77020206
Sponsored in part by National Environmental Re-
search Center, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Meteorol-
ogy Lab. See also report dated Nov 75, PB-250 967.
During Fiscal Year 1975, the Meteorology Laboratory,
Air Resources Laboratories, National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, provided research and
operational support to the Environmental Protection
Agency. Operational support provided to the Office of
Air and Waste Management, the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Regional Offices, and other Environ-
mental Protection Agency components included the
review of the meteorological aspects of environmental
impact statements, requests for variances, implemen-
tation plans, and grant and contract proposals; the ap-
plication of dispersion models; and the preparation of
dispersion studies and evaluations. Research support
was in the areas of model development and applica-
tion, climatic analysis, and atmospheric effects of pol-
lutants. Dispersion models for inert and reactive pollut-
ants were under development and evaluation, as were
regional and boundary layer meteorological models
and models of the pollutant removal processes. The
fluid modeling facility began experiments in the wind
tunnel, and construction of the water channel/towing
tank neared completion. The Regional Air Pollution
Study observing network of surface and upper air sta-
tions in the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan area went into
full operation.
Keywords: 'Meteorological data, 'Air pollution, 'At-
mospheric models, Environmental impacts, Mathemat-
ical models, Boundary layer, Climate, Aerosols, Fluid
flow, Atmospheric diffusion, Urban areas, Climatic
changes, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB-265 381/4 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Fiscal Year 1976/Health and Environmental Ef-
fects Research Program Abstracts,
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Vitro
Labs. Div.
A. Gerard, P. Mavraganis, K. Dixon, and H. Holte. Dec
76,383p* EPA/600/7-77/004
Contract EPA-68-01-2934
Report on Federal Interagency Energy/Environment
Research and Development Program.
This report includes SSIE (Smithsonian Science Infor-
mation) Abstracts pertaining to the FY 1976 Inter-
agency Energy/Environment Research, Development
and Demonstration Program being coordinated and
managed by EPA's Office of Energy, Minerals, and In-
dustry. The Abstracts are organized by major health
and ecological research categories. This volume in-
cludes research being accomplished by EPA and its
laboratories as well as a number of other participating
agencies of the Federal Qovernment.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Environmental protection,
•Research projects, Abstracts, Transport properties,
Atmospheric motion, Public health, Ecology, Assess-
ments, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Water pollution, Sewage, Air pollution, Radioac-
tive contaminants, 'Environmental Protection Agency,
Federal agencies.
PB-265 382/2 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Mesoscale Air Pollution Transport In Southeast
Wisconsin. Final rept. 1972-1976,
Wisconsin Univ.-Milwaukee. Air Pollution Analysis Lab.
Walter A. Lyons. Feb 77, 238p EPA/600/4-77/010
Grant EPA-R-800873
This research program comprised a comprehensive
study of mesoscale meteorological regimes on the
western shore of Lake Michigan and their effect upon
air pollution dispersion and transport. It is felt that the
results are applicable in a generic way to other mid-lati-
tude coastal zones. Continuous fumigation from ele-
vated sources in shoreline zones during stable daytime
onshore flow was intensively investigated by a large
scale field program. A model was proposed, construct-
ed, validated and calibrated. It was shown that the fu-
migation spot, while causing very high surface SO2
concentrations, was so highly mobile as to generally
reduce dosages below the three-hour standard (at
least for the plants studied). An intensive case study of
a lake breeze was performed. Data were used as input
to a Kinematic Diagnostic Model (KDM) which simulat-
ed mesoscale trajectories for pollutants released
within the coastal zone. Both mesoscale and synoptic
scale transport of photochemical oxidants were found
to be a significant problem in the Milwaukee area.
Keywords: 'Lake Michigan, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Atmospheric circulation, Dispersion, Coasts,
Mathematical models, Wind(Meteorology), Plumes,
Climate, Computer programming, Computations, Wis-
consin, Shores, Milwaukee(Wisconsin), Glump com-
puter program, Mainline computer program.
PB-265 385/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J.
State-ot-the-Art: Military Explosives and Propel-
lents Production Industry. Volume I. The Military
Explosives and Propellents Industry. Final rept.,
American Defense Preparedness Association, Wash-
ington, D.C.
James Patterson, Norman I. Shapira, John Brown,
William Duckert, and Jack Poison. Oct 76,106p EPA/
600/2-76/213a
Grant EPA-R-802872
See also Volume 2 dated Aug 76, PB-260 918 and
Volume 3 dated Oct 76, PB-265 042.
This study has surveyed the military explosives and
propellent manufacturing industry, covering both
'GOGO' and 'GOCO' facilities. Sources of wastewater,
volumes, and pollutant constituents have been report-
ed where such data existed. Treatment technology
currently in use at the various installations has been
described, including effectiveness of pollutant removal
and secondary (air and solid) waste generation. Sys-
tems under development at these military installations
have also been examined and evaluated in light of
available information. The report consists of three vol-
umes. Volume I presents general conclusions and rec-
ommendations and describes the industry's manufac-
turing operations. Volume II presents the bulk of the
data concerning the wastewaters and the treatment
systems now in place. Volume III reviews and summa-
rizes data from the first two volumes and describes
and evaluates the new treatment processes under de-
velopment at this time.
Keywords: 'Explosives, 'Water pollution control, 'Pro-
pellents, 'Munitions industry, Manufacturing, Effluents,
Industrial wastes, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Process charting, Design criteria, Methodolo-
gy, Military facilities.
PB-265 391/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Equipment Sharing and Cost Estimating for Rural
Solid Waste Disposal Systems. Final rept.
Martin (A. W.) Associates, Inc., King of Prussia, Pa.
1977, 78p* EPA/SW-584
Contract EPA-68-01-3206
The present study is an analysis of six rural county
solid waste disposal systems located in the western
and southern U.S. The landfill sites studied vary con-
siderably in locale, climate, population, volume of solid
waste generated, systems of disposal, and disposal
costs. The solid waste disposal systems encountered
in this study include one landfill equipment-sharing
system, a bulk container collection/Jranafer station
system, a system of one main landfill and smaller sat-
ellite landfills, and combination of these practices. The
potential of landfill equipment-sharing systems for
rural areas, in which equipment is hauled from site to
site as needed to perform required landfill functions, is
significant in that equipment and manpower are more
fully utilized and capital is not tied up in machinery that
receives only occasional use. However, for such a
system to be economically feasible, travel time must
be minimized and operations must be staggered to
avoid overextension of the system.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
'Rural areas, Compaction equipment, Sanitary land-
fills, Cost estimates, Arizona, Georgia, Florida, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, Catron County(New Mexico),
Graham County(Arizona), Cascade County(Montana),
Lake County(Florida), Leon County(Florida), Haber-
sham County(Georgia).
PB-265 392/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Energy Potential from Construction and Demoli-
tion Wood Wastes. Final rept. 1976.
JACACorp., Fort Washington, Pa.
7 Apr 77,65p' EPA/SW-138c
Contract EPA-68-01 -3560
Energy shortages and the need to conserve natural re-
sources have led the United States to examine its
waste streams as sources of potential supplies of
energy and reconstituted products. While solid waste
energy potentials in the private sector have been ex-
amined in some detail, construction and demolition
wastes have not heretofore received comparable
study attention. Therefore, the first step in analyzing a
reuse program is the development of the size and
nature of the particular waste stream. The objective of
this report was to determine the nationwide volume of
construction and demolition wastes, and, in particular,
the combustible fraction of wastes from these activi-
ties. Ancillary outputs of the study are annual genera-
tion rates by location, information on time variation in
waste flows, and the distribution of wood fractions.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Construction mate-
rials, 'Demolition, 'Wood wastes, 'Fuels, Reclama-
tion, Combustion, Statistical analysis, Buildings, Cost
estimates, Energy conservation, Heating, Separation,
Waste recycling.
PB-265 393/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Treatment of Electroplating Wastes by Reverse
Osmosis. Final rept.,
American Electroplaters' Society, East Orange, N.J.
Richard G. Donnelly, Robert L. Goldsmith, Kenneth J.
McNulty, Donald C. Grant, and Michael Tan. Sep 76,
106pEPA/600/2-76/261
Grant EPA-R-800945
Reverse osmosis treatment of plating bath rinsewaters
has been examined. Emphasis has been placed on
closed-loop operation with recycle of purified water for
rinsing, and return of plating chemical concentrate to
the bath. Three commercially available membrane
configurations have been evaluated experimentally; tu-
bular (cellulose acetate membrane), spiral-wound (cel-
lulose acetate membrane), and hollow-fiber (polya-
mide membrane). Tests were conducted with nine dif-
ferent rinsewaters prepared by dilution of actual plat-
ing baths. Advantages and limitations of the reverse
osmosis process and specific membranes and con-
figurations are discussed. Systems tested include
nickel sulfamate, Watts type nickel, copper pyrophos-
phate, zinc chloride, copper cyanide, zinc cyanide,
cadmium cyanide, nickel fluoborate and chromic acid.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Membranes, Osmo-
sis, Cellulose acetate, Polyamide resins, Rinsing, In-
dustrial water, Regulations, Government policies.
Nickel, Chromates, Cyanides, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium,
Cost estimates, 'Reverse osmosis, Waste water
reuse.
PB-265 394/7 PC A05/MF A01
Toxlclty of DDT Food and Water Exposure to
Fathead Minnows. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Alfred W. Jarvinen, Molly J. Hoffman, and Todd W.
Thorslund. Dec 76, 79p EPA/600/3-76/114
110 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were ex-
posed during a partial chronic toxicity test to two DDT
concentrations in the water, one in the diet, and combi-
nations of water and diet for 266 days through a repro-
ductive period of their life cycle. Tissue-residue analy-
ses were performed on test fish at preset intervals
throughout the exposure and also on embryos, larvae
at hatch, and 30- and 60-day progeny. The contribution
of DDT from each source was monitored with gas-
chromatography and liquid-scintillation techniques.
Higher total DDT tissue residues were accumulated
from the water than from the diet. Residues contribut-
ed by dietary DDT were additive to those from the
water. Mean concentration factors were 1.2 times from
the diet and 100,000 times from the water. Mortality
was higher in fish exposed to DDT in both water and
diet than in fish exposed to only one or the other of
these sources. DDT in the diet significantly reduced
the probability of survival of the test fish (P=0.025).
Estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentra-
tions for DDT are 0.9 micrograms/l for fish exposed to
DDT in the water only or 0.4 micrograms/l for fish ex-
posed to DDT in both water and diet.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, *DDT, *Fishes, 'Minnows, "In-
secticides, Bioassay, Fresh water fishes, Exposure,
Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorinated
hydrocarbons, Life cycles, Diets, Monitors, Mortality,
Clams, Food chains, Absorption(Biology), Experimen-
tal data, Permissible dosage, Pesticide residues,
'Water pollution eflectslAnimals), 'Pimephales pro-
melas, Fathead minnow, Bioaccumulation.
PB-265 395/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Methodology and Prototype to
Measure Atmospheric Sulfurlc Acid. Final rept. Jun
75-Jun 76,
Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, Va.
R. E. Snyder, T. J. Reed, and A. M. McKissick. Jan 77,
96p ARC-49-5664, EPA/600/2-77/010
Contract EPA-68-02-2247
A method is being developed to selectively assay am-
bient sulfuric acid aerosol. The method utilizes the
vapor of a volatile amine (or amine derivative) to neu-
tralize the acid as it is collected on a Teflon filter. The
amine sulfate thus formed is thermally decomposed at
200C to release sulfur dioxide, or other stolchiometri-
cally related sulfur containing adduct, which is meas-
ured by a flame photometric detector. Immediate
chemical fixation of the acid lessens the chance of
side reactions with other substances on the filter, while
the relatively low decomposition temperature elimi-
nates particulate interferences such as ammonium sul-
fate. Sulfur dioxide is also collected as a reagent com-
plex on the filter but is selectively removed by heating
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Aerosols, 'Gas analysis, Air
Pollution, Chemical analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Particles,
Flame photometry, Filters, Methodology, Experimental
design, Laboratory equipment, Fixatives,
Concentration(Composition), Stabilizers(Agents), De-
composition, 'Air pollution detection, Procedures.
PB-265 398/8 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Accident* and Unscheduled Events Associated
with Non-Nuclear Energy Resources and Technol-
ogy. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
C. Blias, P. Clifford. G. Goldgraben, E. Graf-Webster,
and K. Krlckenberger. Feb 77,293p' M70-68, EPA/
800/7-77/016
Contract EPA-68-01 -3188
Accidents and unscheduled events associated with
non-nuclear energy resources and technology are
Identified for each step In the energy cycle. Both natu-
ral and anthropogenic causes of accidents or un-
scheduled events are considered. Data concerning
these accidents are summarized. Estimates of fre-
quency and severity are presented for all accidents.
The energy systems discussed are coal, oil, natural
888, LNG, hydroelectric, geothermal, oil shale, and
solar energy.
Keywords: 'Accident investigations, 'Accidents,
energy sources, Hazards, Coal, Crude oil, Petroleum,
Natural gas, Liquefied natural gas, Hydroelectric
Power, Geothermal energy, Solar energy, Oil shale,
Exploration, Beneficiation, Transportation, Oil pollu-
tion, Offshore sites, Refineries, Pipelines, Storage
tanks, Oil storage, Data, Oil spills, 'Energy resources.
PB-265 417/6 PC A07/MF A01
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Ex-
perimental Technology Incentives Program.
Incentives for Research and Development In Pest
Control. Volume I. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Alfred E. Wechsler, Joan E. Harrison, Alan Burg,
Donald Gibbons, and Joanne Perwak. Dec 76,138p
EPA/540/9-77/008
Contract EPA-68-01 -3133
Prepared in cooperation with National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D.C. Experimental Technol-
ogy Incentives Program.
The program identified, developed, and evaluated in-
centives (externally applied influences) that the federal
government can offer to reduce barriers to innovation
and thereby encourage the continued development of
pest control methods by industry. The history of pest
control innovation was analyze, and influences on cur-
rent decision-making concerning industrial pesticide
R&D were studied to provide background for the de-
velopment of incentives. Then, 64 preliminary incen-
tive ideas were devised and evaluated in accordance
with a conceptual framework. These incentives were
screened and ranked according to their feasibility, the
acceptance by parties involved in their implementa-
tion, and their potential contribution to realizing the ob-
jectives of this program. Nine particularly promising in-
centive areas were developed further and evaluated in
several possible future scenarios.
Keywords: 'Research and development, 'Pest con-
trol, 'Pesticides, 'Incentives, National government,
Economic factors, Environments, Toxicology, Objec-
tives, Regulations, Patents, Public health, Hazardous
materials, Insect control.
PB-265 418/4 PC A11/MF A01
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Ex-
perimental Technology Incentives Program.
Incentives for Research and Development In Pest
Control Volume II. Appendices. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Alfred E. Wechsler, Joan E. Harrison, Alan Burg,
Donald Gibbons, and Joanne Perwak. Dec 76,232p
EPA/540/9-77/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -3133
Prepared in cooperation with National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D.C. Experimental Technol-
ogy Incentives Program.
Contents:
History of pesticides;
Factors of importance in pesticide development;
Concept and framework for Incentives;
Preliminary criteria for screening of potential
incentives;
Summary listing of original incentive actions;
Results of initial screening of incentives;
Preliminary working papers;
Industrial, government, and association contacts in
this program;
List of comments on proposed preliminary
incentives;
Comments on preliminary proposed incentives;
Relative ranking of incentives by government
agencies and associations;
Relative ranking of incentives by industry;
Average ranking of incentives;
Incentive suggestions from industry, government,
and association staff contacted during review of
interim working document;
The appropriateness of incentives in alternative
futures.
Ke
tro
iywords: 'Research and development, 'Pest con-
Mjf, 'Pesticides, 'Incentives, Criteria, Tables(Data),
Insect control, National government, Economic fac-
tors, Environments, Toxicology, Public health, Hazard-
ous materials, Insect control, Government funds, Ap-
pendices.
PB-265 451/5 PC A04/MF A01
Status Report and Action Guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Dec 76, 69p EPA/540/9-77-012
This is a status report and action guide which reflects
the Environmental Protection Agency's commitment to
the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Pro-
cedure of the Committee on the Judiciary, regarding
the depth of data review undertaken by the Agency
prior to reregistration. While it did not start out to be
written for that purpose, two events occurred to turn it
in that direction: criticism from that Committee con-
cerning the EPA's depth of data review, and a prelimi-
nary injunction issued by the U.S. District Court to re-
quire the EPA to consider basic modifications to its re-
registration data requirements.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, 'Organizations,
'Law enforcement, Reporting, Revisions, Methodolo-
gy, Projects, Objectives, Requirements, Standards,
Data acquisition, Environmental impacts, Problem
solving, Guidelines, Registration, Reregistration.
PB-265 452/3 PC A04/MF A01
Cprvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Terres-
trial Ecology Branch.
Effect of Air Pollution on 'Plnus strobus L.' and
Genetic Resistance - A Literature Review. Final
rept.,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
H. D. Gerhold. Jan 77, 53p EPA/600/3-77/002
Effects of the main phytotoxic gases that injure east-
ern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and the possibilities of
breeding resistant trees are discussed in a compre-
hensive literature review. The main purpose of the
report is to summarize knowledge which may be used
in providing protection to a valuable species. Implicitly
related topics are reviewed briefly, including sorption
and emission of gases by plants, air quality standards,
bioindicators for monitoring air quality, and silviculture!
measures for protecting trees against injuries.
Keywords: 'Trees(Plants), 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Ozone, Reviews, Air pollution, Ecology, Rec-
ommendations, Breeding, Tables(Data), Plant pathol-
ogy, Plant genetics, Resistance, Sorption, Emission,
Plant damage, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Pine
trees, 'Pinus strobus, 'Phytotoxins, Air pollution
standards, Bioindicators, Silviculture,
Sinks(Biosphere).
PB-265 453/1 PC A03/MF A01
FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act): Impact on the Industry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Edward Gray, Susan Sherman, Anne Lindsay, and
Frederick Talcott. 7 Mar 77,38p EPA/540/9-77/011
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA) regulates all pesticides marketed in the
United States. Statutory and regulatory requirements
of the law naturally affect the industry which manufac-
tures and distributes pesticide products. Congress has
expressed Interest In just how the administration of the
FIFRA is impacting the industry as a whole, and par-
ticularly the small businessmen involved in the pesti-
cide distribution chain. This paper addresses this Con-
gressional concern, and will discuss the major impacts
of the legislation since the 1972 amendments to date,
especially those affecting the competitive atmosphere
in the pesticide industry.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Industrial plants,
National government, Impacts, Manufacturing, Safety,
Laws, Economic impact, 'Pesticide industry, 'Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB-265 454/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Treating Wood Preserving Plant Wastewater by
Chemical and Biological Methods. Final rept.,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, Fla.
John T. White, T. A. Bursztynaky, John D. Crane, and
Richard H. Jones. Sep 76,111 p EPA/600/2-76/231
Prepared by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Forest
Products Div.
A completely mixed activated sludge system was de-
signed for a wood preserving plant with an average
dally wastewater flow of 27,000 I/day (7,150 gal/day),
a BOD concentration of 1,100 mg/l, and a phenol con-
centration of 120 mg/l. Included in the design were ca-
December 1983 111
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pabilities for pre- and post-chlorination. The activated
sludge system alone was capable of removing 90 per-
cent BOD, 75 percent COD, 99 percent phenol, and 76
percent pentachlorophenol. Post chlorination dosages
of over 50 mg/l resulted in 50 and 52 percent reduc-
tions of phenol and pentachlorophenol, respectively.
Laboratory pre-chlorination studies showed removal of
phenol and pentachlorophenol at chlorine dosages in
excess of 250 mg/l.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Wood preserva-
tives, 'Industrial waste treatment, "Activated sludge
process, Chemical removal(Water treatment), Chlorin-
ation, Biochemical oxygen demand, Phenols, Creo-
sote, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Oxida-
tion, Biological industrial waste treatment, Phenol/
pentachloro.
PB-265 455/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Remote Monitoring of Nitric Oxide by Gas-Filter
Correlation Techniques. Final rept. Jun 73-Jun 76,
Aeronutronic Ford Corp., Newport Beach, Calif. Aeron-
utronic Div.
Darrell E. Burch, and David A. Gryvnak. Nov 76,81 p U-
6252, EPA/600/2-76/277
Contract EPA-68-02-0766
The feasibility of remotely monitoring the concentra-
tion of nitric oxide (NO) in the effluent of industrial
stacks has been investigated analytically and experi-
mentally in the laboratory. The type of instrument con-
sidered employs two or more gas-filter cells that con-
tain different amounts of NO. Radiant energy emitted
by the hot gas in the effluent is measured after it has
passed either through one of the gas-filter cells or
through a neutral density filter. By comparing the
amounts of energy received through each of the filters,
it is possible to determine the concentration of NO in
the presence of a moderate amount of continuum-
emitting material such as small particles. A simple,
single-line spectral model served as the basis for the
analytical work. Heated cells containing NO + N2 or
H2O -i- N2 simulated an industrial stack for the labora-
tory experiments. Interference by hot H2O in the efflu-
ent and cold H2O in the atmospheric path causes the
most serious uncertainties in the measurements for
many types of stacks.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO),
Feasibility, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Chimneys, Gas analysis,
Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis, Monitor-
ing, Experimental design, Numerical analysis, Math-
ematical models, Infrared spectroscopy, Radiometry,
'Air pollution detection, Spectroscopic analysis, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-265 467/1 PC A99/MF A01
Estuarlne Pollution Control and Assessment. Pro-
ceedings of a Conference. Volume I, and II. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Mar 77, 760p EPA/440/1 -77/007
This report is designed to provide information that
could be used to establish a national program for the
prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution in
estuaries. The individual papers comprising the report
address important estuarine problems by presenting
state-of-the-art knowledge and experience in the field!
Volumes I and II contain the conference papers and
Volume III is a microfiche index of Federally funded es-
tuarine research projects
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Water pollution abatement,
•Meetings, Research projects, Project planning, Re-
views, Primary biological productivity. Dredging, Indus-
trial wastes, Wildlife, Indicator species. Assessments,
Oil pollution, Recreation, Fisheries,
Indexes(Documentation), Microfiche, Mathematical
models, Nutrients, Monitoring, Water quality manage-
ment. Heavy metals. Oil spills.
PB-266 468/9 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air. Land and Water Use.
Economic Incentive* for Land Use Control. Final
rept.,
CONSAD Research Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa
Frederick H. Rueter, and Phillip Kushner. Feb 77,
372p* EPA/600/5-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-2699
The report first investigates the economic and legal re-
lationships between alternative assignments of prop-
erty rights in the use of resources and the levels of ex-
ternal effects attributable to the use of these re-
sources. Then, the administrative, legal, economic,
and political limitations of the traditional land use con-
trol mechanisms of municipal zoning, subdivision regu-
lation, building codes, and eminent domain condemna-
tion are examined. Next, a set of basic concepts is de-
veloped for the evaluation of the potential economic
efficiency and social desirability of any mechanism for
the optimal control of external effects or the optimal
provision of public facilities. Finally, using these con-
cepts, the potential economic efficiency, legal feasibil-
ity, administrative tractability, political acceptability,
and social desirability of implementing several innova-
tive and, as yet, relatively untried land use control
mechanisms are assessed.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Regulations, Incentives, Real
property, Public law, Administrative law, Land use
zoning, Building codes, Eminent domain, Property con-
demnation, Environmental aspects, Social effect, Eco-
nomic factors, Subdivision regulations, Land use con-
trol.
PB-265 470/5 PC A99/MF A01
Frequency of Organic Compounds Identified In
Water. Interim rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Analytical
Chemistry Branch.
W. M. Shackelford, and L H. Keith. Dec 76,629p*
EPA/600/4-76/062
This study was initiated for the purpose of compiling a
list of all organic compounds that have been found in
water. This report contains the names of compounds
found, their location or a reference to a published
study, the type of water in which they are found, and
the date of sampling or report generation. About 5700
entries are in this list at present. Among them are 1259
different compounds that have been found in one or
more of 33 different water types. Tables in the text in-
clude lists of the data file sorted by compound name,
location or reference, and water type. Also included
are tables that summarize the frequency of occurrence
of each compound, location or reference, and water
type. No attempt has been made to include data from
studies that include only analysis for specific com-
pounds. The list is meant to include, however, all
survey-type analyses of water samples.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Sites, Water quality, 'Chemicals,
Sources.
PB-265 471/3 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation and Upgrading of a Multi-Stage Trick-
ling Filter Facility. Final rept.,
CIBA-GEIGY Corp., Cranston, R.I.
John H. Koon, Robert F. Curran, Carl E. Adams, Jr.,
and W. Wesley Eckenfelder, Jr. Dec 76,153p EPA/
600/2-76/195
Prepared by AWARE, Inc., Nashville, Tenn.
The applicability of a full-scale, six-stage trickling filter
plant was investigated for the treatment of waste from
a multiproduct organic chemical plant. Reductions of
BOD per unit volume of packing indicated that the
series design of the system did not lead to stage-wise
acclimation of the microorganisms or enhanced BOD
removals. Tests to determine BOD removal mecha-
nisms in the system indicated that air stripping and bio-
logical mechanisms both contributed significantly to
the total observed reduction. Effluent recycle consid-
erably improved filter performance. However, 800 per-
cent recycle was required for an approximate 90 per-
cent reduction of BOD at a hydraulic loading of 2 gpm/
sq ft (0.08 cu m/mln-sq m). Bench-scale activated
sludge investigations showed that this process could
be used successfully for upgrading the trickling filter
system.
Keywords: 'Trickling filters, 'Upgrading, 'Perform-
ance evaluation, Activated sludge process, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Adsorption, Chemical
removalfSewage treatment), Kinetics, Design criteria,
Activated carbon treatment, Stripping(Distillatlon), Re-
fractory materials, Organic compounds, Aeration, Test
methods, Organic loading.
PB-265 473/9 PC A08/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Atlanta, Ga. South Atlantic Div
Summary of Projections, Economic Activity In the
Southeastern States, Series E, Population. Sum-
mary rept.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Washington, D.C. Re-
gional Economic Analysis Div.
Oct76, 169pSADPD-75-1
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region IV.
This report provides aggregate historical and projected
economic and demographic data for the nine South-
eastern states from 1972 to 2020 The data are pre-
sented for SMSA's and non-SMSA counties within the
states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Missis-
sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Virginia. The report summarizes detailed data present-
ed in separate volumes tor each state.
Keywords: 'Economic development, 'Economic fore-
casting, *States(United States), Economic surveys,
Regions, Demographic surveys, Statistical data,
Tables(Data), Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky.
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennes-
see, Virginia, Projection, Income, Populations, Earn-
ings, Counties, Metropolitan areas, Employment,
'Southeast Region(United States), Standard metro-
politan statistical regions.
PB-265 476/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Methodology for Assessing Environmental Impli-
cations and Technologies: Nonferrous Metals In-
dustries.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Dec 76,99p EPA/600/2-76-303
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The objectives of this task were to: (1) consider alter-
native methodologies for information collection, analy-
sis, and presentation; (2) design a system for maintain-
ing current awareness of the environmental implica-
tions of technology in the non-ferrous metals industry;
and, (3) estimate the costs required to implement the
detailed plans developed. Existing information centers
and systems were studied and pilot sampling oper-
ations were conducted to determine which elements
were best suited to serve the considered awareness
task. Investigation and selection ol the preferred ele-
ments for the task were accomplished under the guid-
ance of the project officer, with input-output options of
the information system being developed to match spe-
cific requirements. The input-output elements recom-
mended to serve this awareness function include pri-
marily the reliance upon a preferred list of periodicals
(augmented by symposia, reports, and communica-
tions with specialists), selection and analysis of infor-
mation deemed significant by a senior technologist;
and publication of an Awareness Bulletin on a timely
basis.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, "Nonmetalliferous mineral
deposits, 'Mining, 'Information systems, 'Environ-
mental impacts, Pollution, Periodicals, Bibliographies,
Analyzing, Methodology, Indexes(Documentation),
Cataloging, Information retrieval.
PB-265 476/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Mien,
Emission Control Technology Div.
Impact of Coal and Oil Shale Products on Gaso-
line Composition 1976-2000. Task One. Final ropi
1 Feb-Dec 76,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex. Mobile
Energy Div.
Frank M. Newman, John A. Russell, John N Bowden,
and Alan A. Johnston. Dec 76,41 p' EPA/460/3-76/
035
Contract EPA-68-03-2377
Report on Identification of Emissions from Gasoiir>«*
Derived from Coal and Oil Shale
A consensus assessment is made of the impact of
coal- and oil shale-derived crudes upon the compo**'
lion of gasoline. It Is concluded that this impact will &•
negligible, since the most promising area for utiliza!**1
Of such crudes will be as burner fuols and middle distil-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lates. Such utilization of coal and oil shale resources
will in turn reduce the demand on petroleum resources
which will continue to be the principal source of gaso-
line for the remainder of the 20th century.
Keywords: 'Coal liquids, 'Gasoline, Oil shale, Tar
sands, Crude oil, Refineries, Forecasting, Comparison,
In situ liquefaction, Automotive engines, Automobiles,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Coal gasifi-
cation, Chemical composition, Coal liquefaction,
COED process, H-coal process, Solvent-refined coal.
Paraho process, TOSCO 2 process, Synthoil process,
Fisher-Tropsch synthesis, 'Synthetic fuels, Fossil fuel
reserves.
PB-265 479/6 PC A04/MF A01
Background Information for an Opacity Standard
of Performance for Basic Oxygen Process Fur-
naces In Iron and Steel Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Mar 77,66p EPA/450/2-77-004
The document presents the basis for the proposed
opacity standard for basic oxygen process furnaces.
Included is process and emission control information
along with the rationale for the proposed standard.
Monitoring requirements and visual test results are
also included.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, "Oxygen blown
converters, 'Air pollution, 'Opacity, 'Standards, Moni-
toring, Basic converters, Performance tests, Govern-
ment policies, National government, Regulations,
Sampling, Air pollution sampling.
PB-266 480/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Technol-
ogy Development and Applications Branch.
Granulation of Complex Fertilizers Containing
Ammonium Sulfate by Melt Technology. Final
rept.,
Ferguson Industries, Dallas, Tex.
Juan Lanier and Robert MacDonald. Dec 76,106p
EPA/600/2-76/295
Contract EPA-68-01-0754
A novel process was developed for production of high
analysis fertilizers in which targe portions of the nutri-
ents are derived from by-product and waste ammoni-
um sulfate. The materials produced exhibit good physi-
cal and storage characteristics and are similar in
flrades to those now being consumed in large quanti-
wa. Phosphoric acid and anhydrous ammonia are
feacted to form the liquid bonding agent. Solid ammo-
nium sulfate, potassium chloride and recycled fined
are added to the melt in a pug mill. Emissions of pollut-
ants is (ess than from conventional plants and is readi-
ly contained The process was developed and tested
on a laboratory scale and in a small pilot plant and was
"•rifled in a 454 kilogram per hour (1000 pound per
nour) demonstration unit. Capital and operating cost
•atJmates are presented. The operating cost is sensi-
»ve to the assumed value of waste ammonium sulfate.
'n comparison to similar grade products, cost savings
ol 10 to 20% can be realized if true waste values can
"• assumed. The financial estimates did not attempt to
avaluate the Indirect benefit to society, in terms of dol-
*" and of energy, of recovering waste ammonium
Compounds and sulfur dioxide-whlch often are dis-
carded into aquifers or into the atmosphere and thus
constitute major pollutant threats-and of converting
"•a* chemicals Into useful products.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Ammonium sulfate, 'Water
Pollution control. 'Air pollution control, 'Materials re-
povary, Nutrients, Byproducts, Industrial wastes, Am-
Sonluin compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Cost estimates
^•rtormance evaluation, Design criteria, Process
" ' 8. Experimental design, Capitalized costs, op-
costs, Pilot plants, Industrial plants, Melts.
tag, Granulation.
£*-a«B 481/2 PC A03/MF A01
gj*onmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Water
Mar 77,41 p
Contract EPA-68-01-4378
The EIS concerns the Lower Des Plaines Tunnel
System which consists of one waste treatment plant
and one main storage reservoir. The tunnel system will
reduce the pollutant load currently discharged to Chi-
cago's waterways. Adverse effects include rock spill-
age, temporary public annoyance during construction
and possible groundwater infiltration or wastewater in-
filtration.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Environmental impact
statements - draft, 'Tunnels, Sewage treatment,
Water pollution, Metropolitan areas, Illinois, Construc-
tion, Subsurface structures, Surface water runoff, Res-
ervoirs, Chicago(lllinois), Water pollution control.
PB-265 482/0 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III.
Tunnel Component of the Tunnel and Reservoir
Plan Proposed by the Metropolitan Sanitary Dis-
trict of Greater Chicago/Lower Des Plaines
Tunnel System. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
Booz-Allen Applied Research, Bethesda, Md.
Mar 77,468p
Contract EPA-68-01-4378
Contents: Legal basis for the EIS; Scope of the EIS;
Project history; Existing environmental setting (Natural
environment, Man-made environment); Alternative
plans; TARP tunnel systems; TARP subsystems; Des
Plaines tunnel segments and branches; Cost of tunnel
system and subsystems; TARP financing; Principal
findings concerning the effects of the proposed action;
Conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Environmental impact
statements - draft, 'Tunnels, Sewage treatment,
Water pollution, Metropolitan areas, Illinois, Construc-
tion, Subsurface structures, Surface water runoff, Res-
ervoirs, Chicago(lllinois), Water pollution control.
PB-265 532/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tical - Electronic Components Manufacturing In-
dustry. Final rept. Oct 75-Jan 77,
Wapora, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Gerald O. Peters, James Levin, and Peter Thomas.
Jan 77,207p' EPA/SW-140C
Contract EPA-68-01-3193
This report describes hazardous waste generation and
management in the electronic components manufac-
turing industry, defined as those plants whose primary
products are components intended for assembly into
electronic equipment. The Standard Industrial Classifi-
cation (SIC) of the industry Is 367. Twenty-three plant
surveys showed that product and manufacturing proc-
ess diversity within the industry precludes satisfactory
correlation of these factors with waste types. Based
upon the plant survey data, land-disposed wastes of
the industry fall into ten waste categories including five
categories which are both land-disposed In quantifi-
able amounts and contain hazardous materials (halo-
genated solvents, non-halogenated solvents,
wastewater treatment sludges, painting wastes, and
hydraulic and lubricating oils), and five categories
which included either unquantiflable amounts of haz-
ardous materials, no hazardous materials or were not
typically land-filled (metal scrap, concentrated cyan-
SeTconcentrated acids and alkalies, plastic wastes,
and miscellaneous). Isolated occurrences of beryllum-
and PCB-contalning wastes were recognized. Hazard-
ous properties of the industry's land-disposed wastes
ScluWammabllity, corrosMty/dermal irritation oral
cecity and bioconcentratton. Constituents of the
wastes'which had these properties were non-haloge-
nated solvents, various heavy metals fluorides, and
oils^The estimated total quantity of potentially hazard-
oT, w«l£ land-disposed by the industryJr, (076 was
AS
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and $1.0 million annual operating costs ($69/metnc
ton). Cost of incinerating 4.5 million kilograms of C-5,6
per year was estimated to be $1.6 million capital in-
vestment and $2.2 million annual operating costs
($488/metric ton).
Keywords: *Waste treatment, *Water pollution control,
'Ethylene, *Air pollution control, "Incinerators,
'Scrubbers, Cost estimates, Operating costs, Capital-
ized costs, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Chemical analysis, Design criteria, Gas analysis, Parti-
cles, Chlorine organic compounds, Cyclopentadiene
compounds, Field tests, Waste disposal, Monitoring,
'Liquid waste disposal, 'Cyclopentadiene/hexach-
loro, EPA method 5, Marquardt company.
PB-265 550/4 MFS35.00
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Set
B (1976 edition). Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1977,155 sheets
Each edition supersedes all previous editions. Includes
NTIS/PR-380, Pesticide Product Information on Micro-
fiche: A User's Guide.
Also available with Set A, as NTISUB/C/219.
Information on Pesticides has been collected by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesti-
cide Programs in its registration process. This informa-
tion has been sorted into 14 subsets of microfiche,
three of which are combined into Set B. Set B includes
the: Site/Pest/Chem/Reg. Number; Pest/Chem; and
Chem/Site/Pest files. The set is not definitive and is to
be used for reference only. Set B is to be updated an-
nually.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Agriculture,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Control, Microfilm, Data storage devices,
Information, Consumer products.
PB-265 565/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
East Vermllllon Lake, McCook County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,39p Working Paper-626
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'East Vermillion Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, McCook
County(South Dakota).
PB-265 566/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Richmond Lake, Brown County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,40p Working Paper-621
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
-*u. .. iin. An assessment
' limiting nutrient is
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Richmond Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Brown County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 567/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Alvln, Lincoln County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,40p Working Paper-599
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Alvin, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Lincoln County(South Dakota).
PB-265 568/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Kampeska, Codlngton County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,34p Working Paper-611
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Kampeska, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Codington County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 569/4 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okia.
Manure Harvesting Practices: Effects on Waste
Characteristics and Runoff. Final rept. 1 Oct 74-31
Dec 75,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Ralph W. Hansen, Judson M. Harper, Marvin L. Stone,
Gerald M. Ward, and Ricky A. Kidd. Dec 76,115p
EPA/600/2-76/292
Grant EPA-R-803378
To develop a basis for better manure harvesting man-
agement practices a combined field and laboratory
study was conducted. The effect of management prac-
tices on manure qualities and runoff pollution potential
were compared on three feedlot pens with fully sur-
faced, partially surfaced and unsurfaced conditions.
Average N, P and K elements were present in a ratio of
approximately 4:1:2 providing 46 Ibs N, 111bs P and 27
Ibs K per ton of dry manure. For recycling purposes
ash is an important fraction of manure and can be re-
duced by use of hard surfaced pens. Ash content aver-
aged 36.2%. Fiber and lignin in manure are directly re-
lated to the fiber content of the ration. The effect of de-
composition of the manure was greatest on its viscos-
ity and squeezability. Bulk density and particle size re-
mained the same. Surfaced feedlot areas have a larger
percentage of precipitation in runoff with higher con-
centrations of pollutants. Increased animal densities
on surfaced pens will offset the difference with non-
surfaced pens and can result in a lower peranimal pol-
lution potential from runoff.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Runoff, 'Water pol-
lution abatement, 'Solid waste disposal, Management,
Beef cattle, Quality, Concentration(Composition), Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Decomposition, Fertil-
izers, Circulation, Waste disposal, Industrial waste
treatment, Materials recovery, 'Manure, 'Feedlot
wastes.
PB-265 570/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
On-Llne Measurement of the Infrared Spectra of
Gas Chromatographlc Eluents. Final rept. 20 Jan
75-19 Jan 76,
Ohio Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Peter R. Griffiths. Dec 76, 23p EPA/600/4-76/061
GrantEPA-R-803517
Techniques for increasing the sensitivity of the inter-
face between a gas chrpmatograph and a rapid-scan-
ning Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (GC-IR)
have been developed. A single-beam system, in which
a triglycine sulfate (TGS) detector is used to measure
the mterferogram, has been designed and construct-
ed. Identifiable infrared spectra of submicrogram
quantities elutlng from a gas chromatograph have
system. A double-beam configuration for GC-IR has
also been designed so that a cooled mercury cadmium
telluride detector can be used to further decrease the
detection limits without limiting the sensitivity by digiti-
zation noise. Each of these systems necessitates the
use of light-pipes with relatively long (30 cm) absorbing
paths but low reflection losses.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Infrared spectrom-
eters, 'Organic compounds, 'Gas detectors, Design
criteria, Monitoring, Gas analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Chemical analysis, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Interferometers, Fore-
casting, Air pollution, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy,
'Air pollution detection.
PB-265 571/0 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Storm Water Management Model: Level I. Com-
parative Evaluation of Storage-Treatment and
Other Management Practices. Environmental pro-
tection technology series,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
James P. Heaney, and Stephen J. Nix. Apr 77,105p
EPA/600/2-77/083
Grant EPA-R-802411
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-259 916.
The original USEPA Storm Water Management Model
(SWMM) provides a detailed simulation of the quantity
and quality of stormwater during a specified precipita-
tion event lasting a few hours. This model is widely
used. However, it is too detailed for many purposes. In
response to this need, four levels of stormwater man-
agement models are being prepared. This volume pre-
sents a 'desktop' procedure to compare selected alter-
native control technologies. A graphical procedure is
described which permits the analyst to examine a wide
variety of control options operating In series with one
another or in parallel. The final result is presented as a
control cost function for the entire study area which is
the optimal (least costly) way of attaining any desired
level of control. This methodology is applied to Any-
town, U.S.A., a hypothetical community of 1,000,000
people.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Water storage, 'Sewage
treatment, Water quality management, Mathematical
models, Cost effectiveness, Runoff, Storage tanks,
Combined sewers, Flushing, Catch basins, Optimiz-
ation, Control equipment, Graphs(Charts), Simulation,
Tables(Data).
PB-265 572/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Dialysis for Concentration and Removal of Indus-
trial Waate*.
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, La.
James K. Smith, Shyamkant V. Desai, R. E. C. Weaver,
and Elias Klein. Oct 76,87p EPA/600/2-76/223
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State Dept. of
Commerce and Industry.
This project evaluates dialysis for Its potential for treat-
ment/recovery of a number of organics and inorganics
found in industrial wastes along the Lower Mississippi
River. The feasibility of three membrane techniques
was developed. (1) the use of acid and base conjuga-
tion on the downstream side of membranes perm-se-
lective to aniline and phenol. (2) The use of a chelating
complex for Al, Cu, and Pb Ions. (3) The use of a perva-
poratlon scheme in which a hydrophobia membrane
114 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
passed volatile contaminants such as nitrobenzene
and ethylene dichloride to a downstream vapor purge.
Rotating batch and mimi-plant plate dialyzers were
used. A design projection of full-scale operation was
made for pervaporation of ethylene dichloride. Theo-
retical and practical aspects of the diffusion phenom-
ena were discussed.
Keywords: 'Dialysis, 'Water pollution control, 'Inor-
ganic compounds, 'Organic compounds, 'Mem-
branes, Industrial wastes, Diffusion, Feasibility, Missis-
sippi River, Economic analysis, Cost estimates, Ani-
lines, Phenols, Chelating compounds, Aluminum,
Copper, Chlorine organic compounds, Lead(Metal), Ni-
trobenzenes, Films, Flow rate, Permeability, Ethylene/
dichloro, Pervaporation, Industrial waste treatment.
PB-265 573/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cottonwood Lake, Splnk County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,31 p Working Paper-606
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dipt, of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cottonwood Lake, Water
Quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Spink County(South Dakota).
PB-265 574/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Angostura Reservoir, Fall River County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,44p Working Paper-600
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
Cither point or non-point source origin. An assessment
o' the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Angostura Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Fall River
county(South Dakota).
£8-285 57S/1 PC A02/MF A01
Cprvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Clear Lake, Mlnnehaha County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,27p Working Paper-604
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
toj) and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Neb., South Dakota
X*pt. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
*n* lake were estimated and subdivided according to
r?nef point or non-point source origin. An assessment
oi the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
•wo provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
jjonal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
°i the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clear Lake, Water qual-
', Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
atement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
allty management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
vater quality data, Mlnnehaha County(South
oakota).
PB-265 578/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Household Water Conservation and Wastewater
Flow Reduction. Final rept.,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Man I. Chan, Jack Edwards, Marc Roberts, Robin
Stedinger, and Leslie Wilson. 1 Jul 76,168p
Contract EPA-68-02-2964
The report studies the legal and economic aspects of
devices and policies to reduce water and wastewater
flows. After reviewing the literature, the report exam-
ines building and plumbing codes from selected areas
to see whether or not they provide constraints on the
introduction of water-saving devices; and considers
state laws to see whether they permit pricing schemes
which encourage conservation. A computer model is
developed, using water demand functions and cost
functions from the literature, to determine the benefits
to consumers and producers of various pricing sys-
tems. Through use of a second computer model,
benefits are calculated for various replacement strate-
gies in the adoption of water-saving devices.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Policies, 'Equip-
ment, Reviews, Aerators, Faucets, Valves, Flow regu-
lators, Toilet facilities, Waste water reuse, Mathemat-
ical models, Computer programming, Economic analy-
sis, Dual flush toilets, Flow limiting shower heads,
Legal aspects.
PB-265 580/1 PC A03/MF A01
South Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Lake Herman, Lake County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,32p Working Paper-609
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Herman, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Lake County(South Dakota).
PB-265 581/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Kentucky Lake, Hardln, Decatur, Wayne, Perry,
Benton, Humphreys, Houston, Henry, and Stewart
Counties, Tennessee, Galloway, Trlgg, Marshall,
Lyon, and Livingston Counties, Kentucky. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Oct76,103p Working Paper-354
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health, Nashville, and Kentucky Dept. for Natural Re-
sources and Environmental Protection, Frankfort.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
ol the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords' 'Water pollution, 'Kentucky Lake, Water
Quality Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Tennessee, Kentucky, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data.
PB-265 582/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Psctols Reservoir, Pennlngton County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,44p Working Paper-6f 7
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pactola Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Pennington
County(South Dakota).
PB-265 583/5 PC A01/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Brant Lake, Lake County, South Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,27p working Paper-601
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
National Guard, Pierre, and South Dakota Dept. of En-
vironmental Protection, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Brant Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Lake County(South Dakota).
PB-265 584/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Enemy Swim Lake, Day County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,27p
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loading to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Enemy Swim Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Day County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 565/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Sheridan Lake, Pennlngton County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,3Bp Working Paper-624
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sheridan Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
December 1983 115
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Pennington County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 586/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Stockade Lake, Custer County, South Dakota.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,43p Working Paper-625
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Stockade Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Custer County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 587/6 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cheatham, Old Hickory, and J. Percy Priest Reser-
voirs; Cheatham, Davidson, Sumner, Wilson,
Smith, Trousdale, and Rutherford Counties, Ten-
nessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Dec 76,127p Working Paper-444
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Tennessee
Dept. of Public Health, Nashville, and Tennessee Na-
tional Guard, Nashville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cheatham Reservoir,
'Old Hickory Reservoir, *J. Percy Priest Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Tennessee, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Cheatham
CountyfTennessee), Davidson County(Tennessee),
Sumner CountyfTennessee), Wilson
County(Tennessee), Smith CountyfTennessee),
Trousdale CountyfTennessee), Rutherford
CountyfTennessee).
PB-265 591/8 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Irrigation Management Affecting Quality and
Quantity of Return Flow. Final rept.,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
Lyman S. Willardson, and R. John Hanks. Sep 76,
209p EPA/600/2-76/226
Grant EPA-R-802864
Management practices for control of quality and quan-
tity of return subsurface flow were studied theoretical-
ly, in the laboratory, and full scale in the field. Field
water management studies using waters of different
qualities and different leaching fractions showed that
pacify. The soil acted either as a source or a sink for
salt depending on the leaching fraction and the quality
of water used for irrigation. Minimum average leaching
fractions attainable on a field scale were found to be
controlled by the uniformity of irrigation water applica-
tion. Digital computer models were developed that
consider properties of the soil, plant, water and envi-
ronment. One model allows prediction of salt buildup
and the yield response over several years. Salt buildup
in the soil eventually caused a yield decrease. It was
necessary to include a source-sink term in a salt flow
model to accurately simulate field data. Source-sink
phenomema observed in the field were confirmed by
leaching tests conducted in the laboratory. Both
models are potentially useful for salt management in
the field.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Salinity, 'Water quality man-
agement, Leaching, Soil properties, Plants(Botany),
Mathematical models, Predictions, Inorganic salts,
Subsurface drainage, Evapotranspiration, Field tests,
Computerized simulation, Utah, 'Return flow.
PB-265 592/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions In Urban
Air. Volume I. Chemistry Studies. Final rept. 1 Dec
71-1 Dec 74,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
James N. Pitts, Jr. Feb 77, 184p EPA/600/3-77/014a
Grant EPA-R-800649
See also Volume 2, PB-265 593.
Results are presented of a research program con-
cerned with selected aspects of the kinetics, mecha-
nisms and products of reactions involved in photoche-
mical air pollution. Rate constants were determined,
using competitive and modulation-phase shift tech-
niques, for the gas phase reaction of O(triplet P) atoms
with a variety of organic and inorganic species over the
temperature range 296-423K. Products for the gas
phase reaction of 0(triplet P) atoms with toluene and
1-methylcyclohexene were also studied. The products
and mechanisms of the reaction of nitric oxide with
methyl peroxy radicals were investigated at 296K
using long path infrared spectroscopic and gas chro-
matographic techniques. The reactions of peroxyace-
tyl nitrate were investigated in the gas phase with se-
lected constituents of polluted atmospheres, and in
the liquid phase with a variety of organics. Chemilu-
minescence from the reaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate
with a series of amines was studied in the liquid phase.
The mechanism and products of the gas phase reac-
tions of ozone with a variety of organics was investigat-
ed in low pressure flow systems using chemilumines-
cent and photoionization mass spectrometric tech-
niques. The NO2-catalyzed geometric isomerization of
2-butenes and 2-pentenes was studied over the tem-
perature range 298-400K while an investigation of the
NOx-propylene photooxidation system was carried out
at room temperature.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Reaction kinet-
ics, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen oxides, Air pol-
lution, Urban area, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis,
Chemiluminescence, Oxidizers,
Concentration(Composition), Acetaldehyde, Organic
nitrates, Monitoring, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Oxidation,
Alkene hydrocarbons, Terpenes, Aldehydes, 'Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, 'Atmospheric chemistry,
Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Long path infrared spectroscopy,
Cyclohexene/methyl, 'Air pollution detection, Peroxy-
benzoyl nitrate.
PB-265 593/4 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions In Urban
Air. Volume II. Chamber Studies. Final rept. 1 Dec
71-1 Dec 74,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
James N. Pitts, Jr., Karen R. Darnall, Arthur M. Winer,
and John M. McAfee. Feb 77,255p EPA/600/3-77/
014b
Grant EPA-R-800649
See also Volume 1, PB-265 592.
The smog chamber facility of the Statewide Air Pollu-
tion Research Center has been employed In a study
designed to provide experimental data required for the
validation of kinetic computer models of chemical
transformations in polluted atmospheres. A 5800-I,
Teflon-coated, evacuable chamber and 25-KW xenon
arc solar simulator were used for irradiations, under
simulated atmospheric conditions, of hydrocarbon-
NOx systems. Detailed time-concentration profiles
were obtained for a wide range of products as well as
the reactants employed. Relative and absolute con-
centrations of the hydrocarbon-NOx systems were
chosen on a factorial design basis. This report pre-
sents results obtained in the first eighteen months of
the program (July, 1973 through November, 1974).
Preliminary chamber and light source characterization
studies were carried out and included determination of
ozone lifetimes, absolute light intensity, spatial homo-
geneity of light within the chamber, mixing and equili-
bration times, and sampling rates. Some preliminary
efforts to characterize surface effects were also made.
The photochemistry program included investigation of
the propylene-NOx and n-butane-NOx photo-oxidation
systems and also a study of the effects on these sys-
tems of variables such as added aldehydes, tempera-
ture, and initial NO/NO2 ratio. Data from this experi-
mental program are presented, and their uses and limi-
tations discussed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Test chambers,
'Air pollution, 'Photochemical reactions, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Computerized simulation, Smog, Urban areas,
Experimental design, Numerical analysis, Hydrocar-
bons, Design criteria, Ozone, Graphic methods,
Tables(Data), Light sources, Oxidation,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Labora-
tory equipment, Propene, Butane, Toluene, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-265 599/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Roy Lake, Marshall County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77, 30p Working Paper-622
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Roy Lake, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Marshall County(South Dakota).
PB-265 600/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Wall Lake, Mlnnehaha County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76,28p Working Paper-627
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
National Guard, Pierre, and South Dakota Dept. of En-
vironmental Protection, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Wall Lake, Water quality.
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Mlnnehaha County(South
Dakota).
PB-265 601/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Pickerel Lake, Day County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg. .
Jan 77,27p Working Paper-618
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
118 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Pickerel Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
tion, "Water quality data, Day CountyfSouth Dakota).
PB-265 604/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Byron, Beadle County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,31p Working Paper-602
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Byron, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management. South Dakota, Eutrophication,
Water quality data, Beadle County(South Dakota).
PB-265 608/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Sand Lake, Brown County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 76, 44p Working Paper-623
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ano limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Sand Lake, Water qual-
"Y, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophication,
Water quality data, Brown County(South Dakota).
PB-265 609/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Norden, Hamlln County, South Dakota. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,26p Working Paper-614
rrepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
£9 and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
jJept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
'he lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Bywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Norden, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
water quality management, South Dakota, Eutrophica-
I*1"". "Water quality data, Hamlin CountyfSouth
£B-266 610/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
"•thbun Reservoir, AppanoOM, Lucas, Monroe,
ana Wayne Counties, Iowa. Final rept.
Rational Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
D«c 76,45p Working Paper-502
prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
£9 and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Iowa Dept. of
environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Iowa National
Gl*rd, DesMoines.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Rathbun Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Iowa, Eutrophi-
cation, "Water quality data, Appanoose County(lowa),
Lucas County(lowa), Monroe County(lowa), Wayne
County(lowa).
PB-265 611/4 PCA08/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Automated Treatment and Recycle of Swine
Feedlot Wastewaters. Final rept. Apr 72-Sep 74,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Engi-
neering.
E. PauFTaiganides, and Richard K. White. Sep76,
151 p EPA/600/2-76/240
GrantEPA-R-801125
A system for the automated flushing of hog wastes
was designed and operated in conjunction with the
biological treatment and recycling of the treated liquid
effluents as flushing water. The treated solids were
disposed of to farm fields. The system included tipping
buckets, overhead siphon tanks, and flushing gutters
with the waste receiving primary treatment with solids
separation and aerobic stabilization of solids and sec-
ondary treatment in an oxidation ditch and final clarifi-
cation before returning the liquid to the flushing
system. Tertiary treatment utilizing high-pressure-
driven membranes was evaluated.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Agricultural
wastes, "Swine, "Automatic control equipment, Waste
water reuse, Sludge disposal, Separation, Aerobic
processes, Lagoons(Ponds), Clarification, Oxidation,
Land use, Stabilization, Ohio, Flushing, "Feedlot
wastes, Tertiary treatment, Botkins(Ohio).
PB-265 612/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Effects of Exposure to Heavy Metals on Selected
Freshwater Fish. (Toxlclty of Copper, Cadmium,
Chromium and Lead to Eggs and Fry of Seven
Fish Species.) Final rept.,
EG and G Bionomics, Wareham, Mass. Aquatic Toxi-
cology Lab.
Scon Sauter, Kenneth S. Buxton, Kenneth J. Macek,
and Sam R. Petrocelll. Oct 76,88p EPA/600/3-76/
105
Contract DI-68-01-0740
Embryo and larvae of rainbow trout, lake trout, channel
catfish, bluegill, white sucker, northern pike, and wall-
eye were exposed for 60 days after hatch to lead and
chromium in soft water. Brook trout, channel catfish,
and walleyes were also exposed for 60 days after
hatch to copper and cadmium In soft and hard water.
The effects on survival and growth indicated that
copper and cadmium were toxic at much lower con-
centrations than lead and chromium. Water hardness
did not appear to have a significant effect on the ob-
served toxicity in most cases.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, 'Metals, "Toxlclty,
"Water pollution, Trout, Catfishes, Exposure, Copper,
Cadmium, Survival, Massachusetts, Bioassay, Eggs,
Calcium carbonates, Growth,
Concentration(Composltlon), Lead(Metai;, Sensitivity,
Chromium, Tables(Data), Salmo gairdnen, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals). 'Heavy metals, Salvelinus na-
maycush, Ictalurus punctatus, Catostomus commer-
soni, Esox lucius, Lepomis macrochirus, Stizostedion
vitre'um, Salvelinus fontinalis.
PB-265 613/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Cemstruction of a Prototype Sulfuric Acid Mist
Monitor. Final rept. Jun 75-Jan 76, ....... .
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, Calif. Air Mom-
w"sflEaton, and D. L. Strehler. Jul 76,57p EPA/600/
2-76/211
Contract EPA-68-02-2220
A prototype sulfuric acid mist monitor has been con-
structed for the purpose of detecting sulfuric acid-
sulfur trioxide. The monitor utilized the selective con-
densation method with subsequent determination of
sulfuric acid by measuring the conductivity of an aque-
ous isopropanol solution. The instrument is fully auto-
mated with a mass flow controller and standard TTL
logic to allow for easy modification of the timinng cir-
cuit. After collection of the H2SO4-SO3 in the tem-
perature controlled spiral condenser, the sample is
washed into a conductivity cell for measurement.
During conductivity measurement the condenser is
rinsed with methanol and air dried prior to the next
sample collection. The instrument was designed to
measure from 1 to 100 mg/cu m H2S04 and present
the measurement within a 10 mv range. The sample
timing cycle can be varied from 105 seconds to 999
seconds.
Keywords: "Sulfuric acid, "Sulfur trioxide, "Monitors,
"Gas detectors, Air pollution. Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Manufacturing, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Calibrating,
Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Stationary sources, EPA method 8.
PB-265 623/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
East Oakwood Lake, Brooklngs County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,28p Working Paper-615
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "East Oakwood Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Brookings
CountyfSouth Dakota).
PB-265 624/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
West Oakwood Lake, Brooklngs County, South
Dakota. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 77,28p Working Paper-616
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., South Dakota
Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre, and South
Dakota National Guard, Pierre.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "West Oakwood Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, South Dakota,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Brookings
CountyfSouth Dakota).
PB-265 634/6 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (4th), Held at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio on October 23-24, 1975, and Wash-
ington, D.C. on October 26-29,1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 76, 681 p EPA/600/9-76/023
As part of joint Interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology Is held at intervals of
about 18 months. This publication contains papers
from the Japanese group and from the American side
December 1983 117
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that ware presented at the Fourth Conference. Subject
matter covered includes sludge treatment and dispos-
al, automation and instrumentation, advanced waste
treatment, planning and management of wastewaters,
storm and combined overflows, and industrial waste
treatment. The publication is unique in that it presents,
in English, comprehensive information on wastewater
treatment and research being conducted in Japan,
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings, Sludge,
Performance, Dewatering, Land reclamation, Sewage
treatment, Water quality management, Sewage dis-
posal, Water pollution control, Sewage,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), United States, Japan,
Combined sewers, Storm sewers, Automation.
PB-265 640/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Sulfurlc Acid Plant Installation and Operating
Costs, Phelps Dodge Corporation, Douglas, Arizo-
na. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Richard W. Gerstle, and Lario V. Yerino. 1 Dec 76,
101 p P/N-3155-HH, EPA/909/9-76/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report discusses installation and operation costs
for a double contact sulfuric acid plant to be installed
at the Phelps Dodge Corporation copper smelter in
Douglas, Arizona. Equipment necessary for the oper-
ation of the acid plant is discussed, including: convert-
er uptake and hood system, gas cooling system,
ductwork, double contact acid plant (1323 ton per day
at 4.5 percent SO2), modification of reverberatory fur-
nace fugitive gas duct-work, acid neutralization facili-
ties, and other equipment such as tracks, new wells,
and water treatment facilities. Capital costs amount to
$62.9 million and annual operating costs amount to
$21 million before credit for any product acid. Installa-
tion is technically feasible and would not involve any
innovative technology while significantly reducing
sulfur dioxide emissions.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Industrial plants, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Cost estimates, Chemical industry, Proc-
ess charting, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Sulfur
dioxide, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Design criteria, Economics, Phelps Dodge Corpora-
tion, Copper smelters, Douglas(Arizona), EPA region
9, In plant processes.
PB-265 64S/2 PC A19/MF A01
Finger - Fill Canal Studies, Florida and North Caro-
lina.
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
May 75,446p EPA/904/9-76/017
data collected from the study of finger-fill canals in
Charlotte, Monroe and Bay Counties, Florida and in
Carteret County, North Carolina. Field investigations
were conducted to: Characterize water chemistry,
sediment chemistry and biological aspects of existing
finger-fill canals; compare canal conditions of various
sizes, ages and stages of residential development; de-
termine flushing rates of various canal configurations;
quantify and qualify the mass exchange of nutrients
between canals and receiving waters; verify the pres-
ence of septic tank/sorbtion field leachates in canals
from development, and verify by field measured trac-
ers the application of predictive mathematical models.
The information contained in this report should provide
supporting data for future assessments of water qual-
ity effects of finger-fill canal developments.
Keywords: 'Canals, 'Sediments, 'Aquatic biology,
'Water pollution, Surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, Land use,
Mathematical models, Size determination,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Septic tanks, Residen-
tial buildings, Flushing, Mass flow, Florida, North Caro-
lina, 'Water quality data, Charlotte County(Florida),
Monroe County(Florida), Bay County(Florida), Carteret
County(North Carolina).
PB-26S 652/6 PC A05/MF A01
Analytical Variability of Five Wastewater Param-
eters-Petroleum Refining Industry. Final rept.,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Leon H. Myers, Thomas E. Short, Jr., Billy L. DePrater,
and Fred M. Pfeffer. Sep 76,77p EPA/600/2-76/234
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Petroleum Re-
finers Waste Control Council.
Samples were divided among 12 laboratories to be
analyzed for chemical oxygen demand, suspended
solids, ammonia nitrogen, phenolics, and oil and
grease. The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory analyzed six sample sets to determine in-
tralaboratory deviation (repeatability), while the other
participating laboratories analyzed single samples to
provide data for interlaboratory deviation (reproducibil-
ity) determinations. Study results are expressed in
terms of averages, standard deviation, and spike re-
coveries for intralaboratory, interlaboratory, and com-
bined evaluations.
Keywords: 'Refineries, "Water analysis, Crude oils,
Petroleum refining, Water pollution, Industrial wastes,
Chemical analysis, Samples, Data analysis, Accuracy,
Phenols, Oils, Greases, Nitrogen, Experimental
design, 'Water pollution detection, Chemical oxygen
demand, Procedures.
PB-265 698/1 PC A22/MF A01
National Canners Association, Berkeley, Calif.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Food
Processing Wastes (7th) Held In Atlanta, Georgia
on April 7-9, 1976.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Dec76, 503p*EPA/600/2-76/304
Sponsored in part by National Canners Association,
Berkeley, Calif., American Meat Inst, Washington,
D.C., Southeastern Poultry and Egg Association, De-
catur, Ga., and Pacific Egg and Poultry Association,
Los Angeles, Calif. See also report dated Dec 73, PB-
234 606.
The Proceedings contains copies of 26 of the 27
papers presented at the Symposium. Subjects includ-
ed: wastewater characterization, product and by-prod-
uct recovery, processing modifications, wastewater
treatment, and water reuse for many different seg-
ments of the food processing industry. Industrial seg-
ments included: red meat and poultry, seafood, dairy,
fruit and vegetable, and beverage.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Food processing,
'Meetings, Industries, Meat, Vegetables, Fishes,
Vegetables, Fruits, Poultry, Seafood, Materials recov-
ery, Byproducts, Distilleries, Industrial waste treat-
ment. Waste water reuse, 'Water pollution control.
PB-265 731/0 PC A15/MF A01
Best Management Practices for Non-Point Source
Pollution Control Seminar. (Guidance for Section
208 Planners and Implementing Agencies),
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Office
of Great Lakes Coordinator.
Ralph G. Christensen, and Carl D. Wilson. Dec 76,
331 p' EPA/905/9-76/005
Grants EPA-G-005103, EPA-G-005140
Proceedings of Seminar Held at Rosemont, Illinois, on
November 16-17, 1976. Sponsored in part by Grants
EPA-G-005139 and EPA-Y-005141.
This report is a collection of technical papers present-
ed at the 'Best Management Practices tor Non-point
Source Pollution Control' Seminar held at Ramada
O'Hare Inn, Rosemont, Illinois, on November 16 and
17, 1976. The principal investigators of four Section
108(a) demonstration projects present their data and
interpretation thereof, that has been collected on their
respective projects through September of 1976. These
projects include sediment/erosion control, land man-
agement, and urban runoff activities. Federal, State
and County officials give their agency views' on Section
208 planning.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Water pollution control, 'Wa-
tersheds, 'Water quality. Sediments, Erosion control,
Urban areas, Runoff, Land use, Mathematical models,
Management, Soils, Irrigation, 'Nonpoint sources,
Best technology, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972.
PB-265 735/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Colorado AQMA Area Source Emission Inventory.
Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nov 75,130p EPA/908/1 -76/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains emission estimates for non point
sources of air pollution in AQMA counties of the State
of Colorado. Estimates for paniculate, carbon monox-
ide, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen
emissions are made for the base year (present), 1980
and 1985. Methodologies and data sources are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Environmental surveys, 'Colorado,
Sources, Particles, Projection, Models, Counties, In-
ventories, Estimates, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur oxides,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Methodology, Data
sources, Air quality maintenance areas.
PB-265 738/5 PC A02/MF A01
16N Skyshlne Survey at a 2400 MW(t) Nuclear
Power Plant,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
C. R. Phillips, W. M. Lowder, C. B. Nelson, S. T.
Windham, and J. E. Partridge. Dec 75,25p EPA/520/
5-75/018
Prepared in cooperation with Energy Research and
Development Administration, New York. Health and
Safety Lab.
A field study was executed to determine environmental
levels, distribution, and composition of turbine-conlrib-
uted 16N gamma radiation from an operating boiling
water reactor electric generating plant. Exposure
measurements made with Pressurized lonization
Chambers (PIC's) at several distances and in several
directions from the turbine building indicated that 16N
'skyshine' rather than direct gamma exposures con-
tributed the major portion of environmental exposures.
Power level and distance dependencies were deter-
mined and a predictive model indicated that a distance
of 500 meters and a power level of 801 MW(e) would
yield a dose rate of 10 rnrad/yr.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Radiation hazards,
Boiling water reactors, Gamma rays, lonization cham-
bers, Nitrogen 16.
PB-265 739/3 PC A03/MF A01
Bibliography of the Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Research and Development
Energy-Related Publications.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Mar 77,26p EPA/908/4-77/003
This bibliography consists of a list of publications deal-
ing with energy resource development and its accom-
panying environmental effects. The publications listed
are taken from Office of Research and Development
(ORD) publications summaries and from lists provided
by the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory's
Resource Extraction and Handling Division.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Environmental impacts,
Coal mining, Acid mine drainage, Water pollution, Air
pollution, Oil shale, Coal gasification, Coal liquefaction,
Desulfurization, Geothermal energy conversion, Solar
energy conversion, 'Energy source development.
PB-26S 740/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Radlonucllde Accumulation In a Reactor Cooling
Lake,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
R. L. Shearin, and R. J. Lyon. Jul 76, 80p EPA/520/5-
76/005
In the utilization of a cooling lake for a commercial
power reactor, low-level quantities of liquid waste are
released to the lake water. Due to the retention and re-
cycling of water for condenser cooling purposes, con-
centrations of radionuclides can increase to levels
which are directly measurable in the water. Such a site
design is represented by the H. B. Robinson Unit 2 op-
118 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
erated by the Carolina Power and Light Company at
Hartsville, SC. For a 4-year period, lake water and
other lake components such as fish, aquatic vegeta-
tion, and benthic sediments were sampled and ana-
lyzed to determine if any long-term buildup occurred.
Results indicated that the lake water concentrations
followed general mixing equations and that turnover
rates in the individual components of the lake were too
short to quantitate with this study design. This indi-
cates that concentrations of radionuclides in the lake
would be primarily a function of parameters such as ra-
dioactivity released and lake flow for the previous year
and essentially independent of earlier parameters. An
estimate of annual external doses to an individual uti-
lizing the lake for recreation (i.e., swimming, boating,
and fishing) would be about 5 microrem.
Keywords: *Nuclear power plants, 'Radiation hazards,
Lakes, Cooling, Radioactive isotopes, Statistical analy-
sis, South Carolina, "Cooling ponds, Lake Robinson.
PB-265 741/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
North Dakota Air Quality Maintenance Area Analy-
sis. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Kenneth Axetell. Jun 76,99p EPA/908/1-76/009
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains air pollutant emissions estimates,
air quality data and dispersion modeling for the base
year (present) in AQMA counties in the State of North
Dakota. Projections of emissions and air quality (using
dispersion modeling) are made for 1980 and 1985. The
adequacy of the existing North Dakota State Imple-
mentation Plan to provide for the attainment and main-
tenance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
is discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, 'Ex-
haust emissions, "Environmental surveys, "North
Dakota, Sources, Particles, Projection, Models, Coun-
ties, Diffusion, Planning, Inventories, Estimates, Air
quality maintenance areas, Dispersion modeling, Point
sources, Air quality maintenance, National ambient air
quality standards, Implementation air pollution plan-
ning program.
PB-265 743/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Area Source Emission Inventory for South
Dakota. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Dec 75, 79p EPA/908/1-76/004
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains emission estimates for non point
sources of air pollution in AOMA counties of the State
of South Dakota. Estimates for paniculate emissions
are made for the base year (present), 1980 and 1985.
Methodologies and data sources are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Environmental surveys, "South
Dakota, Sources, Particles, Projection, Classifications,
Counties, Estimates, Inventories, Air quality mainte-
nance areas, Dispersion modeling, Point sources, Air
quality maintenance.
PB-265 747/6 PC A03/MF A01
Radiation Dose Estimates to Phosphate Industry
Personnel,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
Sam Windham, Jennings Partridge, and Thomas
Norton. Dec 76,36p EPA/520/5-76/014
Phosphate deposits throughout the world contain ura-
nium and thorium as a natural constituent of the ore.
Mining and processing of these ores redistributes
much of this radioactive material among the various
Products, by-products, and wastes. To determine the
radiological impact of the phosphate Industry, the EPA
<-fflce of Radiation Programs has been conducting an
extensive study of the redistribution of this radioactlv-
"y. One task of this overall study was to evaluate the
radiation exposure to phosphate Industry workers. This
[•'Port describes the efforts undertaken to measure the
Personnel exposures, describes the exposures en-
countered, and relates these findings to existing feder-
al guides regarding personnel exposures.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, 'Radiation dosage,
Mining, Thorium, Uranium, Radioactivity, Personnel,
Exposure, Dosimetry, Gamma rays, Radioactive iso-
topes, Standards, 'Phosphate industry, Occupational
safety and health.
PB-265 7SO/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Montana AQMA Area Source Emission Inventory.
Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Dec 75,168p EPA/908/1-76/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains emission estimates for non poii
sources of air pollution in AOMA counties of the Stal
of Montana. Estimates for particulate and sulfur oxide
emissions are made for the base year (present), 1980
and 1985. Methodologies and data sources are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'Ex-
haust emissions, "Environmental surveys, "Montana,
Sources, Particles, Projection, Classifications, Coun-
ties, Inventories, Estimates, Sulfur dioxide, Air quality
maintenance areas.
ioint
•late
PB-265 752/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
South Dakota Air Quality Maintenance Area Anal-
ysis. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Stephen Walsh. Jun 76,107p EPA/908/1-76/010
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains air pollutant emissions estimates,
air quality data and dispersion modeling for the base
year (present) In AQMA counties in the State of South
Dakota. Projections of emissions and air quality (using
dispersion modeling) are made for 1980 and 1985. The
adequacy of the existing South Dakota State Imple-
mentation Plan to provide for the attainment and main-
tenance ol the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
is discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Environmental surveys, "South
Dakota, Sources, Particles, Projection, Models, Coun-
ties, Diffusion, Planning, inventories, Estimates, Air
quality maintenance areas, Dispersion modeling, Point
sources, National ambient air quality standards, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning program.
PB-265 800/3 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Characterization of Particulate Sources Influenc-
ing Monitoring Sites In Region VIII Non-Attain-
ment Areas. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati.
Ohio.
Jun 76,249p EPA/908/1-76/007
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
Region VIII non-attainment particulate monitoring sites
were examined to determine the nature of the sources
most directly impacting them. A technique known as
micro-inventorying was utilized. Trends in air quality at
the sites were analyzed and the quality assurance pro-
cedures of the states reviewed. The report contains In-
dividual sections on 43 different sites. Photographies
of most sites are included.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particles, "Monitoring,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Ex-
haust emissions, Regions,
Concentration(Composition), Automobile engines, Jet
engines, Meteorological data, Inventories, Sites, *Alr
quality data, Stationary sources, EPA region 8, Point
sources, Mobile sources, Air quality maintenance.
PB-265 806/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
North Dakota AQMA Area Source Emission Inven-
tory. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nov 75,77p EPA/908/1 -76/002
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains emission estimates for non point
sources of air pollution in AQMA counties of the State
of North Dakota. Estimates for particulates, sulfur
oxides, hydrocarbons and oxides .of nitrogen emis-
sions are made for the base year (present), 1980 and
1985. Methodologies and data sources are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, "Ex-
haust emissions, 'Environmental surveys, 'North
Dakota, Sources, Particles, Projection, Models, Coun-
ties, Classifications, Inventories, Estimates, Sulfur
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Methodology,
Data sources, Air quality maintenance areas.
PB-265 831/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Ocean Disposal Program Office.
A Bibliography on Ocean Waste Disposal. Second
Edition. Final rept. 1976,
Interstate Electronics Corp., Anaheim, Calif. Environ-
mental Engineering Div.
H. G. Stanley, and D. W. Kaplanek. Sep 76,154p* IEC-
446-OC-0417
Contract EPA-68-01-0796
See also report dated May 73, PB-224 452.
This research bibliography is restricted to documents
relevant to the field of ocean waste disposal. It is pri-
marily limited to recent publications in the categories
of: Ocean waste disposal; Criteria; Coastal zone man-
agement; Monitoring; Pollution control; Dredge spoil;
Dredge spoin disposal; Industrial waste disposal; Ra-
dioactive waste; Oil spills; Bioassay; Fisheries re-
sources; Ocean incineration; Water chemistry; and,
Water pollution.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Bibliographies,
"Water pollution, Oceans, Radioactive wastes, Inciner-
ators, Coasts, Industrial wastes, Dredging, Environ-
mental impacts, Legislation, Regulations, Government
policies, Sludge disposal, Sewage sludge, Monitoring,
Oil pollution, New York Bight, Mercury(Metal), Fishes,
"Ocean waste disposal, Dredge spoil, Water pollution
sampling.
PB-265 832/6 PC A09/MF A01
Surface Coal Mining In the Northern Great Plains
of the Western United States. An Introduction and
Inventory Utilizing Aerial Photography Collected
In 1974 and 1975. Information rept. 1973-75,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
John E. Hardaway. Jun 76,198p EPA/OEA-76/1
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
This report deals with the Information portrayal of
twenty-one surface coal mines and one surface urani-
um mine within the Northern Great Plains Coal Prov-
ince of Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming. The aid
of color aerial photography enables not only the dia-
grammatic layout of the mine to be presented, but also
provides for the analysis, discussion, and conveyence
of other data. These other data include pertinent geo-
logic, hydraulic, engineering, and operational Informa-
tion.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Surface mining, 'Aerial pho-
tographs, Spaceborne photography, Remote sensing,
Aerial photography, Infrared photography, Coal mines,
Mines(Excavations), Production, Stratigraphy, Mining
equipment, Manpower, Land reclamation, Chemical
analysis, Uranium ore deposits, Montana, North
Dakota, Wyoming, Western Hegion(United States),
•Northern Great Plains Region(Unlted States), ERTS
satellites, LANDSAT satellites.
PB-265 837/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Wyoming Air Quality Maintenance Area Analysis.
Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
May 76,129p EPA/908/1 -76/008
December 1983 119
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains air pollutant emissions estimates,
air quality data and dispersion modeling for the base
year (present) in AQMA counties in the State of Wyo-
ming. Projections of emissions and air quality (using
dispersion modeling) are made for 1980 and 1985. The
adequacy of the existing Wyoming State Implementa-
tion Plan to provide for the attainment and mainte-
nance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards is
discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Environmental surveys, 'Wyoming,
Sources, Particles, Counties, Diffusion, Planning, Pro-
jection, Models, Air quality maintenance, Air quality
maintenance areas, Dispersion modeling, Point
sources, National ambient air quality standards, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning program.
PB-265 842/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Evaluating Economic Impacts of Programs for
Control of Saline Irrigation Return Flows: A Case
Study of the Grand Valley, Colorado,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Economics.
Kenneth L. Leathers, and Robert A. Young. 30 Jun 76,
178p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2660
Economic impacts of alternative on-farm water man-
agement programs for controlling saline irrigation
return flows are estimated. The study focuses on the
Grand Valley in west central Colorado, an area thought
to be representative of irrigation return flows problems
in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Direct economic
impacts, in terms of increased cost or reduced in-
comes, are estimated with linear programming models
of representative farm situations. A regional interin-
dustry model was developed to trace indirect econom-
ic impacts on related economic sectors in the three-
county local trade area. Since the hydrologic-geologic
relationships which govern salt pick-up in the study
reach are not entirely understood, a correlation and re-
gression analysis of water quality and quantity data
was performed. This analysis attempted to distinguish
salt contributions of natural origin from those due to ir-
rigation, and to separate irrigation concentrations into
components attributable to on-farm irrigation practices
as compared to water distribution system losses.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Salinity, 'Water quality
management, 'Irrigation, Mathematical models, Cost
analysis, Salinity, Linear programming, Colorado, Nu-
merical analysis, Hydrogeology,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Land
use, 'Grand Valley, 'Return flow.
PB-265 846/6 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Human
Physiologic Function. Final rept. 1 Jun 71-Jun 76,
Professional Staff Association of the Rancho Los
Amigos Hospital, Inc., Downey, Calif.
Jack D. Hackney. Jan 77,116p EPA/600/1 -77/007
Grant EPA-H-801396
Short-term health effects of common ambient air pol-
lutants, particularly photochemical oxidants, were in-
vestigated under controlled conditions simulating typi-
cal ambient exposures. Volunteer subjects were ex-
posed, in an environmental control chamber providing
highly purified background air, to single pollutants or
mixtures under conditions of realistic secondary stress
(heat and intermittent exercise). Normal men exposed
to ozone (03) showed respiratory symptoms, pulmo-
nary function decrement, and alterations in red-cell
biochemistry. These effects were dose-related, with
apparent 'threshold' for detectable effect levels as low
as 0.2-0.3 ppm in a 2-hr exposure for the most sensi-
tive subjects. Addition of 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) and 30 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) did not no-
ticeably enhance adverse effects of 03, but addition of
0.37 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) to 0.37 ppm 03 pro-
duced slightly greater effects than did 0.37 ppm O3
alone. Subjects with asthma of clinical airway hyper-
activity appeared to experience more severe effects of
O3 than normals, and subjects chronically exposed to
ambient O3 appeared to be less reactive than those
living in non-03-polluted areas.
120 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Ozone, 'Physiological effects,
'Public health, Carbon monoxide, Air pollution,
Humans, Environment simulation, Experimental data,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Respiratory system,
En/throcytes, Blood, Biochemistry,
Cpncentration(Composition), California, Canada, Res-
piratory diseases, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Photochemical oxidants, 'Environmental health.
PB-26S 863/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Levels of Trace Elements In the Ambient Air at
Selected Locations In the Northern Great Plains.
Final rept. Mar 74-Mar 75,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
F. G. Mesich, and H. L. Taylor. Sep 76, 53p EPA/R8-
TS-4a
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
Prepared in cooperation with Accu-Labs Research,
Inc., Wheatridge, Colo.
Trace element levels were determined by spark-
source mass spectrometry for five locations in the
Northern Great Plains area. Samples were collected
using low volume membrane samplers and analyzed
for some 50 elements. Quarterly composite samples
were analyzed. Comparison of composite results was
made with individual filter results during one quarter. A
discussion of recommended methodology for ambient
trace element sampling is presented.
Keywords: Atmospheric composition, 'Trace ele-
ments, Regions, 'Gas analysis, Sampling, Data acqui-
sition, Comparison, Recommendations, Sites, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Air pollution, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Experimental design, Chemical analysis, Air filters,
Mass spectrography, 'Air pollution detection, Northern
Great Plains Hegion(United States).
PB-265 873/0 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Div.
Interaction between Methyl Mercury and Radi-
ation Effects on Nervous Systems,
Texas Woman's Univ., Denton.
Eugene W. Hupp, Dalton Day, James Hardcastle, John
Hines, and James Minnich. Jan 77,133p EPA/600/1-
77/006
Grant EPA-R-800282
The interaction between methyl mercury and ionizing
radiation was investigated in a series of experiments
using rats, hamsters, and squirrel monkeys to study
the effects produced and possible mechanisms of
action. Parameters evaluated included several meas-
urements of behavior, brain electrical activity, lethality,
blood-brain barrier permeability, neurotransmitter and
mercury concentration in various brain areas, and
brain histology. In some cases the effects of the co-
insult were less than or at least no greater than at least
one of the two insults applied alone. Possible mecha-
nisms of action include opposite effects of the two in-
sults on the blood-brain barrier, with radiation Increas-
ing permeability and methyl mercury decreasing It. Ra-
diation may also elicit a proliferation of peroxisome-like
organelles which protect against the effects of methyl
mercury.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Nervous system, Neu-
rology, Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Rats, Hamsters, Monkeys, Physiology, Histology,
Brain, Behavior, X rays, Stress(Physiology), 'Synergis-
tic effects, 'Mercury/methyl, Air pollution
effects(Animals), Environmental health.
PB-265 902/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Region I.
Economic Law Enforcement. Volume III. Strength-
ening Environmental Law Enforcement: Water
Pollution. Final rept.
Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Hart-
ford.
Sep 75, 299p EPA/901 /9-76/003c
Grant EPA-M00103910
See also Volume 2, PB-260 665.
The volume describes how economic civil assessment
penalties can be applied under Connecticut law to en-
force water pollution abatement orders and water dis-
charge monitoring requirements.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Law enforce-
ment, 'Economic factors, Penalties, Connecticut, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Discharge, Cost analysis, Income
taxes, Monitoring, Licenses, Reporting, Incentives, As-
sessments, Standards compliance, violations, Reme-
dies.
PB-265 920/9 PC E99/MFS65.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
EPA Cumulative Bibliography, 1970-1976. Part I.
Reports Bibliography, Title Index. Part II. Subject
Index, Corporate Author Index, Personal Author
Index, Contract Number Index, Accession/Report
Number Index.
National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
Va.
Dec 76, 2873p*
This bibliography provides a cumulative listing of all re-
ports entered into the National Technical Information
Sen/ice collection through 1976 by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency and its predecessor
agencies. The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-
1976 consolidates into one publication all reports pre-
viously listed in the original bibliography (EPA-LIB-73-
01; PB-223 693) dated July 1973, the first supplement
(EPA-LIB-74-03; PB-234 215) dated August 1974, the
second supplement (PB-238 800) dated December
1974, and issues of the EPA Reports Bibliography
Quarterly published during 1975 and 1976. It is pub-
lished in two parts. Part 1 contains bibliographic cita-
tions and abstracts, and a title index. Part 2 contains
the subject, corporate source, author, contract
number, and accession/report number indexes.
Keywords: 'Environments, 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, 'Noise pollution, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Insecticides, Water quality management,
Hazardous materials, Waterways(Watercourses),
Land development, Management planning, Regional
planning, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Announcement bulle-
tins.
PB-265 958/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Fugitive Oust Emission Inventory, Wasatch, Utah.
Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Jul 75, 29p EPA/908/1-76/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This report contains emission estimates for fugitive
dust sources of air pollution in Wasatch Front, Utah.
Estimates for partlculate emissions are made for the
base year (1974), 1980 and 1985. Methodologies and
data sources are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dust, Sources, Roads, Con-
struction, Sanding, Industrial wastes, Particles, Tail-
ings, Wind(Meteorology), Inventories, Classifications,
Data acquisition, Utah, 'Wasatch Front(Utah).
PB-265 964/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Report of the PAX Company Arsenic Advisory
Committee to the Environmental Protection
Agency,
PAX Co. Arsenic Advisory Committee, Schenectady,
N.Y.
Douglas V. Frost, D. Birmingham, E. Dustman, A.
Hiltbold, and P. Zinke. 13 May 73,143p EPA/540/5-
73/001
The purpose of this report is to assist the EPA Admin-
istrator to assess the safety in use of the PAX product
and of related arsenicals. As a result of the study,
there was no unanimity in the attitudes toward the
safety of PAX, but the Committee was unanimous in
urging further research. The pesticide in question is the
PAX Company Three-Year Crabgrass Control product
containing 25.11% arsenic trioxide, 8.25% lead arse-
nate and 4% nitrogen as ammonium sulfate.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Safety. 'Pesticides, Ar-
senic oxides, Arsenates, Lead inorganic compounds,
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Soils, Ammonium sulfate, Toxicology, Fishes, Wildlife,
Public health, Industrial hygiene, Efficiency,
Plants(Botany), Concentration(Composltion), 'PAX
pesticide, Lead arsenate, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, Environmental chemical
substitutes, Crabgrass.
PB-265 977/9 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Ecological Baseline and Monitoring Study for Port
Gardner and Adjacent Waters. Summary rept,
1972-75,
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
T. Saunders English, and Roland E. Pine. Nov 76,
545p WA/DOE/WQ-76/20
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle, Contract EPA-68-01-3109, Scott Paper Co., West-
brook, Maine. S. D. Warren Div., and Weyerhaeuser
Co., Everett, Wash.
The report concerns an on-going study designed to
monitor changes in the saltwater environment and
populations of marine organisms in Port Gardner and
adjacent waters of Puget Sound, Washington resulting
from significant reductions in sulfite waste liquor (SWL)
and other wastes discharged from two pulp and paper
mills located on the Everett, Washington waterfront.
Major reductions in the quantity of wastes discharge
occurred in 1975 when Weyerhaeuser Company
closed their sulfite pulping operation and converted to
a thermomechanical process. Early indications of im-
provements in water quality were noted as a result of
these reductions. SWL concentrations decreased ap-
proximately 50% and dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions have increased as much as 30%. Toxicity of the
receiving water to Pacific oyster larvae has decreased
and the water clarity has increased significantly.
Changes in population and diversity of biological orga-
nisms were not readily apparent since reductions in
major waste discharges have only recently occurred.
Keywords: 'Marine microorganisms, 'Ecology, 'Pulp
mills, 'Paper industry, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Puget Sound, Sulfite pulping, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Toxicity, Concentration(Composition), Indica-
tor species, Oysters, Turbidity, Monitoring,
Washington(State), 'Water quality, Baseline studies.
PB-265 981/1 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Induitrlal Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices. Special Machinery Manufacturing Indus-
tries. Final rept. Jun 75-Mar 77,
Wapora, Inc., Washington, D.C.
James Levin, Gene Beeland, Joe Greenberg, and
Gerald Peters. Mar 77,328p EPA/530/SW-141C
Contract EPA-68-01 -3193
This report describes hazardous waste generation and
management in industrial establishments which manu-
facture special industry machinery, Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) 355, and office, computing and ac-
counting machines, SIC 357. Based upon industry data
available In the literature and collected during thirty-
wee plant surveys, land-disposed process wastes of
both industries were found to fall into five process-de-
nned categories: machine shop, heat treating, electro-
Plating, materials coating, and foundry (Includes fer-
rous and non-ferrous), specific process waste types
we characterized as to their chemical constituents and
Physical properties. Treatment and disposal technol-
ogies and attendant costs for each category of proc-
ess wastes are described at three levels of technol-
ogy: the most prevalent technology currently In use,
pwt technology currently employed and technology
*pr adequate health and environmental protection.
rotal process waste and hazardous constituent quan-
jwes were estimated for each of the five categories in
two Industries on a national level and disaggregated by
EPA Regions and states.
{Bywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
Hazardous materials, 'Assessments, Oils, Manufac-
turing, Surveys, Industrial waste treatment, Chemical
Properties. Physical properties, Office machines, Resi-
dues, Machine shops, Heat treatment, Electroplating,
Boatings, Foundries, Computers, Calculators, Paints,
economics, Cost analysis, Forecasting, Metal finishing
Industry, SIC 355, SIC 357.
PB-266 005/8 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nationwide Evaluation of Combined Sewer Over-
flows and Urban Stormwater Discharges. Volume
II. Cost Assessment and Impacts. Final rept. Jun
73-Dec 76,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
James P. Haaney, Wayne C. Huber, Miguel A. Medina,
Jr., Michael P. Murphy, and Stephen J. Nix. Mar 77,
383p' EPA/600/2-77/064
Contract EPA-68-03-0283
A nationwide assessment has been made of the quan-
tity and quality of urban storm flow emanating from
combined sewers, storm sewers, and unsewered por-
tions of all 248 urbanized areas and other urban areas
in the United States. Available control alternatives and
their associated costs were also determined. Continu-
ous simulation runs using one year of hourly data were
made to determine the attainable level of pollution
control with a specified availability of storage volume
and treatment rate in five cities: Atlanta, Denver, Min-
neapolis, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. This
procedure was used to derive generalized equations
relating pollution control to storage and treatment.
These results were combined Into a simple optimiz-
ation model which determined the optimal mix of stor-
age and treatment for any feasible level of control for
any city. Then the nationwide assessment is present-
ed. The results indicate annual costs ranging from
$297 million for 25 percent pollution control to $5,029
million for 85 percent pollution control. The corre-
sponding initial capital investment ranges from $2,476
million for 25 percent control to $41,968 million for 86
percent control. These costs can be reduced signifi-
cantly if stormwater pollution control is integrated with
dry-weather quality control and wet-weather quantity
control. Also, the relative impact of wet-weather
versus dry-weather flows is illustrated for a case study
of Des Moines, Iowa.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Mathematical models,
'water pollution control, 'Combined sewers, 'Storm
sewers, Urban areas, Feasibility, Cost analysis,
Sewage treatment, Overflows, Storage,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Water quality,
Tables(Data), Graphic methods, Numerical analysis,
Capitalized costs, Surface water runoff, United States,
Land use, Demography, Economics, Urban hydrology.
PB-266 006/6 PC A10/MF A01
Herbicide Report: Chemistry and Analysis, Envi-
ronmental Effects, Agricultural and Other Applied
Uses. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Materials Advisory Committee.
May 74,208p' EPA-SAB-74-001
Selected herbicides are discussed under the headings
of chemistry and analysis, environmental effects, and
agricultural and other applied uses. The groupings em-
ployed are based on chemical structure and recognize
13 major groups of herbicides: chlorinated phenoxyal-
kanoic acids, s-triazines, phenylureas, carbamates,
thiocarbamates, amides, chlorinated aliphatic acids,
chlorinated benzole acids, phenols, substituted dlni-
troanilines, bipyridiniums, arsenlcals, uracils, and mis-
cellaneous. Synthesis, analysis, and properties are dis-
cussed for each of these groups, and consideration Is
given to specific analytical methods and to general,
multlresldue methods such as gas-liquid chromatogra-
phy. Environmental effects of herbicides are described
in terms of sources and movements of herbicides; resi-
dues in soil, water, and air; bioaccumulation of resi-
dues; effects on nontarget plants; and the costs and
benefits of herbicide use. The principal uses of herbi-
cides are on croplands, grazing lands, forests, or-
chards, aquatic habitats, and industrial sites and other
noncrop lands. Each of these topics Is covered in
detail, and herbicide use Is compared with alternative
methods with regard to efficacy and economics.
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'Herbicides. 'Assessments,
Plants(Botany), Residues, Air pollution, Molecular
structures, Pesticides, Hazards, Monitoring, Weed
control, Chemical properties, Water pollution, Soil
analysis, Sources, Synthesis(Cheml8try), Environmen-
tal impacts, Agriculture chemistry, Chemical analysis,
Methodology, Laboratory equipment, Benefit cost
analysis, Gas chromatography, Farm crops, Grazing
land, Forestry, Fruit crops, Industries, Substitutes,
Aquatic plants, Land use, Bioaccumulation, Environ-
mental chemical substitutes.
PB-266 025/6 PC A06/MF A01
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume I. Perspectives on Tech-
nical Information for Environmental Protection.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
1977,119p
The report deals with the acquisition and use of scien-
tific information necessary to establish U.S. environ-
mental regulatory policies. Involved are decision
making, research management, monitoring, and man-
power utilization and staffing. Of particular concern are
the costs of pollution abatement activities, long term
effects on environmental regulations on the energy
crisis, effect of emission control standards on the cost
and performance of automobiles, and the benefits and
hazards to humans of pesticides, along with the ef-
fects of banning certain chemicals.
Keywords: 'Information sciences, 'Pollution, 'Regula-
tions, Organizations, Management planning, Decision
making, Research, Data acquisition, Manpower utiliza-
tion, Air pollution abatement, Project planning, Poli-
cies, Legislation.
PB-266 04S/4 PC A05/MF A01
State Environmental Programs: A Compendium of
Federal and State Programs Prepared for the
Congressional Delegations.
rotection Agency, Kansas City, Mo. Region VII.
1977,95p'%PA/907/9-77/002
See also report dated 1976, PB-259 663.
This booklet contains information on each of the pro-
grams currently administered by Region 7, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. It is intended to supple-
ment the information provided in response to letters
and during telephone conversations regarding envi-
ronmental matters in the states of the region.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Regional
planning, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Environmental
surveys, Agriculture, Livestock, Coal mining, Rail
transportation, 'Soil erosion, Pesticides, Projects,
Regulations, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Eco-
nomic impact, National government, State govern-
ment, Central Plains Region(United States), State pro-
grams, EPA Region 7, Air quality maintenance.
PB-266 091/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Electron Microscopy for Process
Control In the Asbestos Industry. Final rept. Jan
74-Dec 76,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
R. M. Gerber, and R. C. Rossi. Feb 77,55p ATR-
77(7552>1, EPA/600/2-77/059
Grant EPA-R-802394
The report gives results of an evaluation of the trans-
mission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning
electron microscope (SEM) as potential tools for fine
particle asbestos fiber counting for process control in
the asbestos industry. The study defined the capabili-
ties and limitations of the Instruments In applications
where asbestos specificity is not necessarily required,
and where analysis cost must be minimal. The study
showed that the microscopes are equally capable of
counting all fibers in the full particle size distribution;
but, for reasons of agglomeration and confusion with
the filter texture, each microscope can observe only
75% of the distribution. In contrast, present standard
light microscopy methods observe only the coarser
10% of the distribution, without resolving the fine
fibers. Optimum asbestos fiber counting was done at
15,000 times magnification and at fiber concentrations
on the filter between 40,000 and 80,000 fibers per sq
mm. The minimum number of fibers counted to obtain
high statistical confidence was 200 fibers per datum
point. Standard techniques for filter sample prepara-
tion were found to have no effect for either Instrument.
Ashing of filters to remove non-asbestos fibers was re-
sponsible for 85% asbestos fiber loss.
Keywords; 'Asbestos, 'Fines, 'Air pollution control,
•Measuring Instruments, Process control, Particle size
distribution, Particles, Performance evaluation,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Design criteria, Dust
control, Industrial wastes, Fibers, Electron microscopy,
Monitoring, Comparisons, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Transmission electron microscopes, 'Scanning elec-
tron microscopes.
December 1983 121
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 092/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Molten Scrubbing for Fine Partlcu-
late Control. Final rept. Dec 75-Feb 76,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
G. G. Poe, L. R. Waterland, and R. J. Schreiber, Mar
77, 39p EPA/600/2-77/067
Contract EPA-68-02-1318
One important proposed use of low Btu fuel gas de-
rived from coal gasification processes is the genera-
tion of electric power by combustion and expansion of
the gas through a gas turbine. Successful operation of
such a system is predicated on the conservation of
sensible heat of the fuel gas. However, the raw gas
from the gasification process contains impurities, nota-
bly sulfur compounds and particulate, which are in-
compatible with turbine operation and must therefore
be removed. The report gives results of an evaluation
of molten scrubbing for fine particulate control, a con-
cept that study results indicate as seeming to be feasi-
ble. Application of the concept to fine particulate
clean-up in advanced energy processes seems possi-
ble. Molten scrubbing is especially well-suited to proc-
esses where simultaneous removal of sulfur com-
pounds is desired. However, before effective molten
scrubbing systems can be developed for particulate
removal, two important problems need to be solved:
(1) finding construction materials at an acceptable cost
which can adequately withstand the highly corrosive
scrubbing medium presented by hot molten liquids;
and (2) improving gas/liquid separation and mist elimi-
nator designs so that liquid carryover satisfies emis-
sion standards or gas turbine inlet specifications.
Based on the report's observations and on the above
conclusions, it appears that considerable development
work would be required to investigate the aforemen-
tioned problems before a final assessment of the feas-
ibility of this concept could be made.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Air pollution control equipment,
'Electric power plants, Particles, Efficiency, Scrub-
bers, Feasibility, Combustion products, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Numerical analy-
sis, Cost analysis, High temperature tests, High pres-
sure tests, Performance evaluation, Fused salts, Cor-
rosion, Coal gasification, 'Molten salt scrubbers,
'Venturi scrubbers.
PB-266 093/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Ceramic Filters for High-Tempera-
ture/High-Pressure Fine Particulate Control. Final
rept. Dec 75-Jun 76,
Aerotherm Corp., Mountain View, Calif.
G, G. Poe, R. M. Evans, W. S. Bonnett, and L. R.
Waterland. Feb 77,55p EPA/600/2-77/056
Contract EPA-68-02-1318
High temperature gas turbines used to generate elec-
tric power require gas streams virtually free of particu-
late matter. Gas streams from high temperature, high
pressure coal processes, such as low Btu gasification
and pressurized fluidized bed combustion, require con-
siderable particulate removal. In order to maintain high
thermal efficiency the particulate clean-up must be
done at the high temperatures of the process. Many
new concepts for fine particulate control at elevated
temperatures are presently being proposed. One such
concept utilizes ceramic membrane filters. The report
gives results of a study to analyze and evaluate ceram-
ic membrane filters as a new, fine particulate (<3 mi-
crometers) control concept for high-temperature
(approx. 900C), high-pressure processes. Several ce-
ramic filters were identified as potential candidates for
fine particulate removal. There does not seem to be
any inherent material limitation to high-temperature
operation, however, no evidence of high-temperature
filter application was found. The filters typically are 2-6
mm thick, cylindrical, and available with various pore
sizes, increasing upward from 0.5 micrometer. These
elements may be suitable for fine particulate control in
hot gas streams. The most promising, although unde-
veloped, idea for a ceramic filter is to use ceramic hon-
eycomb monoliths similar to those available for cata-
lyst supports and heat exchangers. The walls of the
monoliths are about 0.2-0.4 mm thick and of varying
pore size and porosity. Geometric configurations are
available which would force the gas to flow through the
membrane walls. Pressure losses would be very small
relative to those of standard ceramic filter elements.
The application of ceramic monoliths to Kgh-tempera-
ture fine particulate control appears very promising. |t
is strongly recommended that this concept be investi-
gated further.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Air filters, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Particles, Efficiency, Surveys, Mem-
branes, Ceramics, High temperature tests, High pres-
sure tests, Performance evaluation, Electric power
plants, Numerical analysis, Honeycomb structures,
Design criteria, Economics, 'Steam power plants.
PB-266 094/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Electric Curtain Device for Control and Removal
of Fine Particles. Final rept. May 75-Oct 76,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Charged Particle
Research Lab.
A. Yen, R. J. Turnbull, and C. D. Hendricks. Feb 77,
31 p EPA/600/2-77/055
Grant EPA-R-8-3047
The report gives results of an evaluation of an electric
curtain for the purpose of particulate control and re-
moval. If the particles are charged by corona, the cur-
tain will stop them only in a very slow air flow (less than
2 cm/secj. At these slow flows, a vertical curtain would
stop the particles and a 45-degree curtain would move
them along the curtain without penetrating it. A hori-
zontal electric curtain could be used to suspend the
particles against gravity. Finally, an attempt to use
highly charged water drops as the particle collection
mechanism was unsuccessful because of electrical
breakdown caused by the water.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Air pollution control, 'Electrostatic
separators, 'Particles, Numerical analysis, Experimen-
tal design, Design criteria, Water, Drops(Liquid), Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Electric corona,
"Electric curtains.
PB-266 098/3 PCA11/MFA01
Power Plant Stack Plumes In Complex Terrain: An
Appraisal of Current Research. Interim rept. Nov
75-Oct 76,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
Robert C. Koch, W. Gale Biggs, Paul H. Hwang, Irving
Leichter, and Kenneth E. Pickering. Mar 77,235p
EPA/600/7-77/020
Contract EPA-68-02-2260
This report reviews the literature of scientific studies of
the behavior of stack plumes from fossil-fueled electric
power plants in complex (hilly or mountainous) terrain.
Non-conservative chemical transformation and deple-
tion, and conservative transport and diffusion of pollut-
ants are considered. Studies of SO2 oxidation rates in
power plant plumes are described and the primary
mechanisms for conversion to sulfate are detailed.
Scavenging of SO2 from plumes by precipitation is re-
viewed along with surface contact and deposition as
important plume depletion processes. Current theories
of airflow, turbulence and diffusion phenomena in
complex terrain are described, and are exemplified
through the review of sixteen field observation pro-
grams of the physical behavior of plumes from continu-
ous elevated sources in complex terrain. The review
discusses program objectives, data sampling method-
ologies, model-to-measurement comparisons associ-
ated with the field program conclusions. The types of
models available to simulate plume behavior numeri-
cally are discussed in the contexts of these programs.
In addition, results are reported of an independent
GEOMET analysis of delta(y) and delta(z) relation-
ships in the Gaussian plume model over complex ter-
rain, using data from LAPPES and TVA field measure-
ment programs.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Air pollution,
'Plumes, 'Reviews, 'Terrain, 'Atmospheric motion,
Chimneys, Electric power plants, Transport properties,
Atmospheric diffusion, Air flow, Mathematical models,
Oxidation, Photochemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Turbulence, Field tests,
Sulfur dioxide, Land forms, Mountains, Hills, Numerical
analysis, Particles, Nitrogen oxides,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Experimental design, 'Fossil-
fuel power plants, Path of pollutants, Gaussian plume
models.
PB-266 101/5 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Evaluation of Effluent Regulations of the State of
Illinois. Final rept.
Illinois Effluent Standards Advisory Group, Chicago.
Jun 76,60p IIEQ-76-21
This report, prepared by the Illinois Effluent Standards
Advisory Group (IESAG), presents the results of its
evaluation of the effluent standards of Rules 406 and
408, Part 4, Chapter 3 of the Illinois Pollution Control
Board Rules and Regulations, as applied to industrial
dischargers. The report contains the results of that
evaluation, and recommendations by IESAG pertain-
ing to those effluent standards.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Illinois, 'Regulations, State government,
Standards, Evaluation, Recommendations, Metals,
Oils, Cyanides, Fluorides, Phenols, Monitoring, pH,
Guidelines.
PB-266 103/1 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Proceedings: Seminar on In-Stack Particle Sizing
for Particulate Control Device Evaluation. Rept. for
Dec 75-Sep 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Douglas Van Osdell. Feb 77,346p EPA/600/2-77/060
Contract EPA-68-01 -0788
The proceedings document discussions during an
EPA/IERL-RTP-sponsored seminar on In-stack Parti-
cle Sizing for Particulate Control Device Evaluation.
The seminar, organized by lERL-RTP's Process Meas-
urements Branch, was held at IERL-RTP in North
Carolina on December 3 and 4, 1975. The first day's
discussion was on the use of cascade impactors, in-
cluding calibration, field use experience, weighing
techniques, and elemental analysis of impactor sam-
ples. Sizing techniques other than with cascade im-
pactors were discussed on the second day, with spe-
cial emphasis on diffusion batteries. The proceedings
consist of edited versions of the seminar speakers'
transcripts. Some were edited into technical paper
format; others remain in conversational tone. Visual
aids presented by the speakers are included.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Chimneys, 'Industrial wastes,
'Sampling, 'Particle size distribution, Combustion
products, Particle size, Field tests, Calibrating, Sub-
strates, Air pollution control, Weight measurement, Pe-
troleum industry. Light scattering, Baghouses, Aero-
sols, Samples, 'Cascade impactors, Diffusion batter-
ies.
PB-266 104/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Analysis and Simulation of Recycle SO2-Llmt
Slurry In TCA (Turbulent Contact Absorber)
Scrubber System. Final rept. Jun 74-Aug 76,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
C. Y. Wen, and Fred K. Fong. Mar 77,121 p EPA/600/
7-77/026
Grant EPA-R-800781-03-0
The report gives results of an analysis of flue gas de-
sulfurlzation by a turbulent contact absorber (TCA) em-
ploying lime slurry, Including the development of per-
formance equations for the scrubber-hold tank recycle
system. Performance characteristics investigated in-
clude pressure drop of the scrubber, CO2 and SO2 ab-
sorptions, and lime utilization. Experimental data ob-
tained from EPA/Research Triangle Park and TVA/
Shawnee Power Station are used for the analysis and
correlation. The analysis of C02 absorption indicates
that the overall mass transfer coefficient Is a function
of the pH of inlet and outlet scrubber liquor and is very
sensitive to the liquor flow rate. (The rate of SO2 ab-
sorption in a TCA has been developed previously by
McMichael et al., 1976.) The correlations developed
are used to formulate a simulation procedure for pre-
dicting SO2 scrubbing efficiency as a function of pH of
slurry and gas and liquor flow rates. The result of simu-
lation indicates that, for a given lime feed rate and a
fixed inlet and outlet SO2 concentration, a maximum
flue gas flow rate exists which the scrubber can treat
by the recycling slurry. An example is shown for the
design of a TCA capable of desulfurizlng flue gas from
a 50-MW power station.
122 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Mathematical models,
'Slurries, *Alr pollution control, 'Electric power plants,
'Scrubbers, Computerized simulation, Flue gases, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Absorption,
Carbon dioxide, Numerical analysis, Process charting,
Circulation, Calcium oxides, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Mass transfer, Efficiency, Computer
programs, Coal, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Turbulent
bea contactor, Wet methods.
PB-288 109/8 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Inventory of Combustion-Related Emissions from
Stationary Sources (First Update). Kept, for jul 74-
Jul 76,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
Owen W. Dykema, and Vernon E. Kemp. Mar 77,354p
ATR-76(7549)-1 -REV-B, EPA/600/2-77/066a
Grant EPA-R-803283-02
See also report dated Sept 76, PB-261 081.
The report describes the first 2 years of a study cover-
Ing the combustion-related emissions phase of a 3-
year program entitled, 'Analysis of NOx Control in Sta-
tionary Sources.' The study is aimed at assisting in the
establishment of priorities for detailed studies of tech-
niques for the control of combustion-related emissions
from stationary sources. The inventory includes emis-
sions of oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and paniculate matter, not only from sta-
tionary sources primarily involving combustion, but
also from other stationary sources where combustion
plays a secondary role. During the first year of the
study, emissions were established for 1975 and 1980
from boilers, internal combustion engines, chemical
"lanufacturing, and petroleum refining. During the
second year, emissions were established for 1976 and
1981 for primary metals and hydrocarbon evaporation,
as well as for the four industries studied the first year.
The third year will cover mineral products, secondary
metals, and wood products. The report identifies ap-
proximately 66% of paniculate matter and between
93% and 97% of NOx, hydrocarbon, and carbon mon-
oxide emissions from stationary sources.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Combustion products, Sources, Boilers,
Internal combustion engines, Chemical industry, Refin-
eries, Petroleum industry, Inventories, Electric power
Plants, Tables(Data), Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Particles, Metals, Furnaces, Data
analysis, Sampling, Monitoring, Coal, Metalliferous
[rtnerals, Fuel oil, Natural gas, 'Stationary sources,
Point sources, Hydrocarbon evaporation.
fB-2«6 113/0 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Classification System. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Carol Worster, and Angela L. Trabert. Sep 76,438p
"EQ-76-19
The body of literature dealing with the environment,
albeit a synthetic or conglomerate science, did not
nave an organizing classification structure or system
Jjptil the appearance of this publication, to the best of
jne authors knowledge. The Environmental Classiflca-
Jj°h System is an enumeratrva hierarchical classifica-
*>h whh an alphanumeric, ordinal notation. The nota-
°on resembles that of the Library of Congress Classifi-
cation, but was not derived from, nor Is it in any other
*ay beyond resemblance, related to it. The Classifica-
«on has 22 main subject groups.
Keywords: 'Classifications, 'Libraries, Documents,
jj°oks. Periodicals, Document storage,
"osltion(Location), Library science, Environments,
environmental Information centers, 'Classification
•cnemes, 'Library collections.
£B-2«6114/8 PCA03/MFA01
"wronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
2">ce of Solid Waste Management Programs.
"**8n«tlc Separation: Recovery of Saleable Iron
•na StMl from Municipal Waste,
nal Center tor Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
n, D.C.
Alter, and Kenneth L. Woodruff. Mar 77,30p
ao/sw-559
Contract EPA-68-01 -2625
This pamphlet is an introduction to the technology,
economics and objectives of magnetic separation. It
should serve as a preliminary planning and decision
guide for a municipality considering the addition of the
magnetic separation process to its present solid waste
management system.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Magnetic separation, 'Management planning, Iron,
Steels, Metal scrap, Shredding, Dry classifiers, Cost
analysis, Refuse disposal, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, 'Metal recycling, Secondary materials industry.
PB-266 127/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Heterogeneous Reactions of Nitrogen Oxides In
Simulated Atmospheres. Interim rept. Nov 73-Nov
76,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
H. S. Judeikis, S. Siegel, T. B. Stewart, and H. R.
Hedpeth. Mar 77,34p ATR-75(7441)-2, EPA/600/3-
77/028
Grant EPA-R-802687
A laboratory study has been conducted on heteroge-
neous reactions of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide to
evaluate their potential role in reaction in polluted
urban atmosphere. The results of this study suggest
that nitrogen dioxide decomposes on a wide variety of
solids likely to be found in urban environments. Meas-
ured reaction rates indicate these processes can be
important In the atmosphere. Humidification of reac-
tion mixtures leads to increased reactivities. It is con-
cluded that heterogeneous reactions in the atmos-
phere are unimportant for the oxidation of nitric oxide.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO),
'Air pollution, Experimental design, Atmospheric com-
position, Photochemical reactions, Urban areas, Reac-
tion kinetics, Oxidation, Aerosols, Chemical reactors,
Decomposition reactions, Particles, 'Heterogeneous
reactions, 'Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-266 137/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Laboratory Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide Depo-
sition Velocities. Interim rept. Nov 73-Nov 76,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Corp.
H. S. Judeikis, and T. B. Stewart. Mar 77, 29p EPA/
600/3-77/027
Grant EPA-R-B02687
Measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition velocities
have been carried out in the laboratory with the use of
a cylindrical flow reaction. Analysis of data from these
experiments was performed with models that specifi-
cally account lor diffusive transport in the system. Con-
sequently, the resulting deposition velocities were In-
dependent of diffusion processes and represented the
maximum removal rates that would be encountered in
the environment under turbulent atmospheric condi-
tions. The measured values ranged from 0.04 cm/sec
for asphalt to 2.5 cm/sec for cement, and were inde-
pendent of sulfur dioxide and oxygen concentrations
as well as relative humidity and total pressure. Pro-
longed exposure to sulfur dioxide eventually destroyed
the ability of the various solids to remove this species.
Overall capacities increased significantly at moderate
relative humidities, yielding values of 0.4 to 2.6 grams
of sulfur dioxide per square meter of solid in moist sys-
tems. Several experiments indicated that the reactivity
of a solid subjected to prolonged sulfur dioxide expo-
sures could be restored by washing the surface with
distilled water or exposing the spent solid to ammonia.
Some implications of these findings relative to the en-
vironment are discussed.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Velocity measurement,
•Air pollution, 'Deposition, Experimental design, At-
mospheric motion, Data analysis, Laboratory equip-
ment, Numerical analysis, Oxygen,
Concentration(Composition).
PB-266 138/7 u ,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio
Matal Ramoval and Cyanlda Destruction In Plating
Wastewatar* Using Particle Bed Electrodes. Final
rept. Jul 74-Oct 75, , ,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. Atomics In-
ternational Div.
W. Chen, H. L. Recht, and G. P. Hajela. Dec 76,62p
Grant EPA-R-803342-01
A small (0.5 gpm) pilot-plant unit for metal and cyanide
removal was constructed and demonstrated by oper-
ation on cadmium and zinc rinsewaters at a plating
plant. With single-stage operation 73% of an initial 22
ppm cadmium and 79% of an initial 44 ppm cyanide
were removed. Retreatment of the effluent (equivalent
to two-stage operation) gave overall removals of 95%
of the cadmium and 94% of the cyanide. Similar two-
stage treatment of zinc rinsewater gave overall remov-
al of 75% of an initial 57 ppm zinc and 78% of an Initial
195 ppm cyanide. The heart of the unit Is an electrolyt-
ic cell with tin cathode and graphite anode particle bed
electrodes and a cellophane separator. Sequential
water flow through the electrodes gives concurrent re-
moval of metal and cyanide under action of applied DC
voltage. Design of the unit was based on design of and
test results with a laboratory scale apparatus. Best re-
movals were obtained with added NaCI as supporting
electrolyte and anode bed effluent recirculation. Esti-
mated total treatment costs, derived from a subse-
quent corporate-funded study, are $1.64/1000 sq ft
plated, with cadmium plating rinsewater use at 3.5 gpm
for 2500 sq ft/hr and 40 hr/week operation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electroplating,
'Metal industry, Pilot plants, Cyanides, Cadmium, Zinc,
Metals, Electrolytic cells, Design criteria, Laboratory
equipment, Cost analysis, Industrial waste treatment,
Separation, Electrolytes, Electrodes, 'Particle bed
electrolysis.
PB-266 139/5 PC A03/MF A01
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept. of Zoology.
Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Survival of
Young at Fish Spawning Sites. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
John J. Peterka, and James S, Kent. Dec 76,46p
EPA/600/3-76-113
Grant EPA-R-801976
Fluctuations of dissolved oxygen concentrations and
water temperatures in their natural spawning sites
were measured during embryo through larva stages of
northern pike (Esox lucius), and during embryo and
sac larva stages of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus)
and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus). At northern
pike sites, dissolved oxygen concentrations from com-
bined measurements 1 and 10 cm from the bottom
ranged from 0.0-16.6 mg/liter, and water temperatures
from 2.5-23.0C; average daily fluctuations were 3.0
mg/llter and 1.6C. For bluegill and pumpkinseed nests,
dissolved oxygen concentrations 1 cm from the
bottom ranged from 2.4-18.2 mg/llter and water tem-
peratures from 15.0-27.5C, with average daily fluctu-
ations of 4.4 mg/liter and 3.3C. In field experiments to
determine acute effects of a single exposure to low
dissolved oxygen concentrations, tolerance de-
creased from embryo to larva stages for northern pike
and from embryo to sac larva stages from bluegills and
smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomleui).
Keywords: "Fishes, 'Dissolved gases, 'Oxygen toxic-
ity, Field tests, ReproductlonJBiology), Fresh water
fishes, Tolerances(Physiology),
Concentratlon(Composition), Temperature, Larvae,
Mortality, Embryos, Bass, Tables(Data), Survival, Rec-
ommendations, Bluegill sunfish, Spawning, Esox
lucius, Northern pike, Lepomis macrochirus, Lepomis
gibbosus, Pumpkinseed sunfish, Micropterus dolo-
mieul, Centrachldae, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Appendices.
PB-266 140/3 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Removal and Separation of Spilled Hazardous Ma-
terials from Impoundment Bottoms. Final rept. Jun
73-Oct 74,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Michael A. Nawrockl. Sep 76,81 p EPA/800/2-76/245
Contract EPA-6B-03-0304
A demonstration was conducted of a system for re-
moving spilled hazardous materials from pond bottoms
and separating the hazardous materials and suspend-
ed solids from the resulting dredged slurry. The remov-
al system consisted of a MUD CAT dredge. The proc-
essing system consisted of a pair of elevated clartfier
bins In series, a bank of hydrocyclones, a cartridge
filter unit, and a Uni-flow bag-type fabric filter. The
December 1983 123
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
MUD CAT proved efficient in removing participate sim-
ulated hazardous materials from the pond bottom with-
out imparting a substantial amount of turbidity to the
water. The processing system was effective in remov-
ing paniculate simulated hazardous materials from the
processing stream and also in removing most of the
pigment from a latex paint which was tested. A con-
ceptual portable system for processing at 1500 gpm
was prepared. This system consisted of a scalpmg-
classifying tank combined with spiral classifiers, Uni-
Flow filter, and an Inclined tube settler.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, 'Dredging, 'Solid waste disposal, Ocean
bottom, Sediments, Lagoons(Ponds), Separation,
Dredges, Excavating equipment, Marine transporta-
tion, slurries, Mobile equipment, Hydrocyclones, Fluid
filters, Particles, Suspended sediments, Paints, Latex,
Pigments, Hazardous materials spills, Participates,
Fabric filters.
PB-266 150/2 PC A04/MF A01
Performance Investigation of the Manning Model
8-4000 Portable Wastewater Sampler and the
Model F-3000 Dipper Flowmeter,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Richard P. Lauch. Dec 76,65p EPA/600/4-76/059
Performance of the Manning model S-4000
wastewater sampler and the model F-3000 flowmeter
was investigated. The S-4000 wastewater sampler
was tested at temperatures of 2,20, and 35C to deter-
mine accuracy and precision of the timer and sample
volumes. The multiplexer function of delivering multi-
ple aliguots per bottle was tested. Tests for ability to fill
up to four bottles with the same sample were made.
Battery endurance was determined. Discrete sample
temperatures versus time were recorded under iced
conditions to determine preservation capability. Field
tests were performed to determine representative col-
lection of suspended solids and ability of the unattend-
ed sampler to collect raw sewage samples over a 24-
hour period. The F-3000 flowmeter was tested within
the laboratory for accuracy and precision of tracking,
analog to digital conversion, deadband, and electronic
drift caused by temperature change and battery decay.
Accuracy of the flow chart and integrator was deter-
mined. Manufacturer's claims were mostly confirmed,
however Improvement is warranted for some functions
of the sampler and flowmeter.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Samplers, Ac-
curacy, Precision, Field tests, Sewage, Experimental
design. Water pollution, Design criteria, Error analysis,
Flowmeters, 'Manning model S-4000 wastewater
sampler, 'Model F-3000 flowmeter, 'Water pollution
sampling.
PB-266 166/0 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Calculation of Day-Night Levels (Ldn) Resulting
from Civil Aircraft Operations. Final rept.,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, Calif.
D. E. Bishop, A. P. Hays, N. H. Reddingius, and H.
Seidman. Mar 76,374p BBN-3157, EPA/550/9-77-
450
Contract EPA-68-01-3218
A method is described for calculating the values of
day/night noise level (Ldn), at a point, due to aircraft
operations from an airport. Two levels of sophistication
are detailed; (1) at the basic level, such factors as type
of takeoff and landing procedure are considered, but
range and non-standard glide slopes are excluded, (2)
the more detailed method takes account of the latter
parameters. The procedure used is to locate the posi-
tion of the point In question, relative to the runway and
aircraft flight track. A series of charts give Ldn values
for different types of aircraft in terms of the distance
parameters. Adjustments are made to the single event
noise levels to account for frequency of operations
and the adjusted levels are added logarithmically to
represent all of the classes of aircraft using the airport.
Keywords: 'Aircraft noise, 'Civil aviation, 'Airports,
Computation, Level(Quantrty), Diurnal variations, Day,
Night Intensity, Handbooks, Estimating, Runways,
Charts, Takeoff, Turbofan engines, Airplanes, Classifi-
cations, Day night levels, Propeller aircraft.
PB-266 173/4 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency Library System
Book Catalog. Holdings for the Year 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Apr 77, 452p* EPA-LIB-77-01
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-257 501.
In December, 1974, the first EPA book catalog was
published, representing the holdings of the 28 libraries
comprising the library system of the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency. In August, 1973, a centralized
cataloging systems was established at the EPA library
in Cincinnati, Ohio. All libraries submit their new acqui-
sitions to Cincinnati and a monthly report is issued.
The present volume covers the period January to De-
cember 1976 and includes 4,055 unique titles and
16,367 associated records, of which 5,883 represent
holdings.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, 'Catalogs(Publications),
Libraries, Books, Subject indexing, Environmental sur-
veys, Environmental impacts, Abstracts, Public health,
Ocean environments, Management, Soils, Noise pollu-
tion, Pesticides, Urban areas, Bacteriology,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Radiation, Wastes, Ecology,
Protection, Methodology, Authors, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, 'Union catalogs.
PB-266 174/2 PC A04/MF A01
The Status of the EPA Laboratory Automation
Project,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
William L Budde, Bruce P. Almlch, and John M.
Teuschler. Apr 77,40p EPA/600/4-77/025
The status of the Environmental Protection Agency's
laboratory automation project is described in terms of
currently installed systems, and work in progress to
develop and improve the system. The status report in-
cludes a management review of the project goals, a
management implementation plan, and a review of the
quality control aspects of laboratory automation.
Keywords: 'Reviews, "Automation, 'Laboratory equip-
ment, Computers, Quality assurance, Data processing,
Feasibility, Pollution.
PB-266 179/1 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Economic Assessment of Waste Water Aquacul-
ture Treatment Systems. Final rept. Mar 75-Jul 76,
Central State Univ., Edmond, Okla. Dept. of Econom-
ics.
Upton B. Henderson, and Frank S. Wert. Dec 76,120p
EPA/600/2-76/293
Grant EPA-R-803623
This study attempted to ascertain the economic viabil-
ity of aquaculture as an alternative to conventional
waste water treatment systems for small municipalities
in the Southwestern region of the United States. A mul-
tiple water quality objective level cost-effectiveness
model was employed. A total of fifteen waste water
treatment strategies, eleven with aquaculture systems
and four without aquaculture, were examined. Esti-
mates were made of the technical effectiveness and
the present value of costs for all strategies. Estimates
of the current value of revenues derived from sale of
products produced in the aquaculture systems were
made, and the impact of such revenues on total costs
was analyzed.
Keywords: 'Aquaculture, 'Cost effectiveness,
•Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities, Water quality,
Economic models. Waste water reuse, Cost estimates,
Revenue, Value, Economic Impact, United States,
Southwest Region(Unlted States).
PB-266 181/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economics In Environ-
mental Perspectives. Task IV. Activated Carbon.
Final rept. Oct-Dec 76,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Gary L. Kelso, and Thomas W. Lapp. Feb 77,36p
EPA/560/2-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01-3201
See also report dated Nov 76, PB-262 529.
The purpose of this study was to compile selected in-
formation concerning the manufacture and use of acti-
vated carbon, with particular emphasis on product
quality as related to the presence of heavy metal ions
and/or polynuclear aromatic compounds. Specific
areas of interest were the raw materials and methods
of production; manufacturers, production capacities,
and actual production; types of final products; and
consumption patterns of activated carbon. Product
quality specifications for heavy metal ions and polynu-
clear aromatic compounds in the final products were
investigated. U.S. production quantities have exceed-
ed 200 million pounds annually for the past 3 to 4
years. Of the estimated 180 million pounds consumed
in the United States in 1975, about 37% was employed
in food and pharmaceutical areas, 25% in water or
waste treatment processes, and 38% in other applica-
tions. Activated carbon for use in foods and Pharma-
ceuticals conforms to the Food Chemicals Codex
specifications for heavy metal ions and polynuclear ar-
omatics. Products for municipal water treatment are
subject to AWWA standards. Activated carbon for
other uses are subject only to customer specifications.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon, 'Manufacturing, 'Prod-
uct development, 'Water pollution control, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Impurities, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Utilization, Adsorbents, Aromatic polycyclic
compounds, Rubber Industry, Dry cleaning, Electro-
plating, Ions, Food industry, Drug industry, Sewage
treatment, Industrial wastes, Metal industry, Heavy
metals.
PB-266 184/1 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
Factors Associated with the Incidence of Con-
genital Anomalies: A Localized Investigation. Envi-
ronmental health effects research series,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
John A. Burdeshaw, and Sheldon Schaffer. Mar 77,
53pSORI-EAS-76-212, EPA/600/1-77/016
Contract EPA-68-02-0791
The report concludes that, in net terms, and on the
basis of available retrospective data, primarily from
birth records, there are no strong indications that the
incidence of congenital anomalies in the Ft. Rucker,
Alabama area Is higher than normal. The original hy-
pothesis that the situation might be serious has been
traced, for the most part, to earlier reliance on faulty di-
agnosing and reporting, and especially to reliance on
the birth certificate, which, there is reason to believe
on the basis of the findings of this study, is a relatively
Insensitive instrument for measuring the incidence of
congenital anomalies. The attempt to relate this inci-
dence to specific factors associated with military life,
or in particular to factors associated with exposure to
military radar, was largely unsuccessful because the
military in effect denied access to pertinent records on
the grounds that no prima facie case had been made
that a problem really exists.
Keywords: 'Congenital abnormalities, 'Radar, 'Radi-
ation effects, 'Health physics, Hospitals,
Tables(Data), Alabama, Military bases, Recommenda-
tions, Medical records, Birth defects, Fort Rucker,
Coffee County(Alabama), Dale County(Alabama),
Teratology, Nonlonlzing radiation, Environmental
health.
PB-266 201/3 PC A19/MF A01
Residual Waste Management Research and Plan-
ning Projects,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Water Planning.
Michael L. Rucker, and Alan K. Vitberg. Feb 77,430p
EPA/440/1-77-000
This Residual Waste Management Research and
Planning Projects Handbook contains selected ab-
stracts of projects that are underway or have been
completed, and publications that are available on the
and surface waters. The abstracts are arranged by
types of residual waste, i.e., sludge, liquids, and solids.
The types are further categorized Into the various
kinds, i.e., commercial wastes, municipal wastes, in-
dustrial wastes, mining wastes, etc. The abstracts are
cross-referenced where necessary.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pol-
124 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lution abatement, 'Research projects, Economic anal-
ysis, Reclamation, Materials recovery, Agricultural
wastes, Sanitary landfills, Fly ash, Environmental Im-
pacts, Incinerators, Metal industry, Paper industry, Site
surveys, Public health, Water pollution control, Models,
Regulations, Government policies, State government,
Local government, National government, Abstracts,
Management planning, Sewage sludge, Mine wastes,
Land disposal, Liquid waste disposal, Refuse derived
fuels, Waste recycling, Dredge spoil, Hospital solid
wastes, Food processing Industries.
PB-266 202-SET PC E14
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Jan 77,627p-in 8v
Set includes PB-266 203 thru PB-266 210.
No abstract available.
PB-266 203/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Oiv.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume I. Foliar Treatments I (Deciduous Fruit
Trees, Small Fruits, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits,
Tree Nuts),
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Dean Asqulth, Glenn Carman, Angus Howltt, Robert
Horsburgh, and Stanley Hoyt. Jan 77, 88p" EPA/540/
10-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
The report is concerned with efficacy testing of chemi-
cal pesticides in foliar applications to citrus and sub-
tropical fruits, deciduous tree fruits, small fruits and
tree nuts for protecting these crops from economic
injury by Insects, mites, and other invertebrate pests.
The methods described are not to be considered ex-
clusive of other methods. More specific Information
may be obtained by referring to the literature refer-
ences.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Fruit crops, "Citrus trees,
Nut trees, "Pest control, "Insecticides, Vegetation,
Methodology, Horticulture, Arachnida, Dosage, Effec-
tiveness, Insects, Lepldoptera, Mites, Invertebrates,
Insect control, Tests, Evaluation.
PB-266 204/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
wbrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume II. Foliar Treatment II (Field Crops, Forage
Crops, Rangeland, Vegetables - Field and
,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
H- J- Ledbetter, E. J. Armbrust, R. Hale, E. W.
Huddleston, and J. C. Owens. Jan 77, 145p" EPA/
540/10-77/008
Contract EPA-68-01 -2457
See also Volume 1 , PB-266 203.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E14. PB-266 202-
The report Is concerned with testing chemicals in foliar
applications to field crops, forage crops, rangeland,
and vegetable crops (field and greenhouse), to estab-
lish their efficaciousness In protecting these crops
jrom economic injury by insects and mites. In addition,
wst methods should take into consideration environ-
"lental Involvement from such applications and the
effect of pesticides on beneficial organisms. Test
[Methods should be broad enough to provide informa-
jlon on the use of dosages of pesticides often required
tor pest population regulation in Integrated pest man-
agement systems. The methods described in this
report are not to be considered exclusive of other
methods. Certain situations may require special meth-
ods, and new methods may be developed which im-
prove on present ones.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Farm crops, "Vegetable
crops, "Forage crops, "Range grasses, "Pest control,
effectiveness, Insects, Mites, Arachnida, Insect con-
trol, Insecticides, Methodology, Com, Cotton plants,
Grain sorghum plants, Soybeans, Sugar beets, Sugar-
cane, Tobacco, Wheat, Dosage, Evaluation, Parasites,
Tests, Sunflowers, Rangeland.
PB-266 205/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume III. General Soil Treatments,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Mahlon Fairchild, Christian C. Burkhardt, J. Marshall
Magner, William Campbell, and Gerald Musick. Jan 77,
106p* EPA/540/10-77/007
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 2, PB-266 204.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
The testing of soil insecticides for efficacy is extremely
complex and it would be impossible to put together
guidelines for all soil insecticides; therefore, an at-
tempt has been made to pull together some test meth-
ods for major pests on a few commodities. The com-
modities selected are corn, vegetables, sugarbeets,
peanuts and tobacco. It would be Impossible to cover
all pests that might require soil insecticides under each
of the commodities chosen.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Pesticides, "Soils, "Vegeta-
ble crops, *Corn plants, "Peanut plants, "Tobacco
plants, "Sugar crops, "Pest control, Methodology, Ef-
fectiveness, Tests, Insect control, Insects, Parasites,
Evaluation, Dosage.
PB-266 206/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume IV. Livestock, Poultry, Fur and Wool Bear-
Ing Animals,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Roger Drummond, J. L. Lancaster, and PauTD. Ludwlg.
Jan 77,75p* EPA/540/10-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -2457
See also Volume 3, PB-266 205.
Also available In set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
The report presents techniques used by researchers
to determine the efficacy of insecticides applied to live-
stock (cattle, horses, sheep and goats, swine and
poultry) for the control of the major arthropods that
parasitize these animals. Also included are techniques
used to determine the effectiveness of insecticides ap-
plied to litter, bedding, limited livestock Inhabitation
areas, and livestock manure. This listing of techniques
is not intended to eliminate other procedures to deter-
mine efficacy of insecticides for the control of the
same arthropod parasites. The compilation of these
listed techniques revealed areas In which adequate
testing procedures were not available. This report Is di-
vided according to the five major commodity groups.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Pesticides, "Livestock,
•Cattle, "Horses, "Sheep, Domestic animals, Para-
sites, Arthropoda, Tests, "Goats, "Swine, "Poultry,
•Pest control, Methodology, Effectiveness, Insect con-
trol, Invertebrates, Insects, Evaluation, Dosage.
PB-266 207/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume V. Stored Products ana Premise Treat-
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Robert Davis, Phillip Harein, Ralph Heal, 1.8.
Henderson, and Harry Incho. Jan 77,66p* EPA/540/
10-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 4, PB-266 206.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
The document provides a compilation of test methods
that appear adequate for purposes of evaluating the
effectiveness of pesticides against Invertebrate pests
of premises and stored products. The methods cited
are not intended to exclude other valid procedures but
for proprietary or other reasons are not available for
reference. Similarly there is no intent to exclude new
methods or improvements of current methods that
may become available. The procedures presented
herein primarily include methods for the invertebrate
control agents considered as conventional chemical
pesticides. Repellents, attractants, growth regulators,
pheromones, etc., are not included unless they have
been used over the years and there exists a substan-
tial number of published results in the open literature.
Keywords: "Pest control, "Pesticides, "Storage, "In-
secticides, Structures, Dust, Vapors, Tests, Method-
ology, Evaluation, Protective coatings, Fabrics, Marine
borers, Effectiveness, Invertebrates, Parasites, In-
sects, Insect control, Treatment, Aerosols, Fumiga-
tion, Smoke, Materials, Marine borer prevention,
Marine fouling.
PB-266 208/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume VI. Lawns, Ornamentals, Forest Lands,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
R, Lee Campbell, Gary N. Clark, Frederick W. Honing,
Richard K. Llndquist, and Henry Wlllcox. Jan 77,62p"
EPA/540/10-77/004
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 5, PB-266 207.
Also available In set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
Test methods, protocols and procedures for evaluat-
ing the effectiveness of Invertebrate control agents on
turf, ornamentals, forest lands and shade trees are dis-
cussed In this report. Specific techniques and methods
are documented In selected references, exhibits and
other appropriate sources of information. All available
references using similar procedures and methods are
not cited In order to avoid duplication and repetition.
Those cited contain generally accepted protocols and
methods, but It Is realized that they are not all inclusive
and other references may Include different methods or
variations of those presented. Due to the large num-
bers of host plants and pests and the limited number of
researchers working In subject areas, considerable
flexibility In requirements for test methods Is neces-
sary. The scope of organizing test methods for turf,
greenhouse and outdoor ornamentals, shade trees
and forest lands Is briefly addressed.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Pesticides, "Pest control,
"Turf grasses, *Trees(Plants), "Forestry, "Ornamental
plants, Tests, Methodology, Invertebrates, Evaluation,
Effectiveness, Insects control, Insects, Parasites,
Tables(Data), Vegetation, Plants(Botany), "Lawns.
PB-266 209/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents • Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume VII. Human and Pet Treatments,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Harry L. Haynes, D. E. Rowell, Fred W. Knapp, and
Carroll N. Smith. Jan 77,31p* EPA/540/10-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 6, PB-266 208.
Also available In set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
Testing procedures stated and referenced in this docu-
ment are accepted methods for determining the effec-
tiveness of pesticides against pests of humans and
pets. The procedures mentioned are not Intended to
exclude other procedures. This document may serve
as a guideline for the development of Information relat-
ing to pesticide efficacy. Species named in this docu-
ment are not necessarily the only ones which might be
used. Other species may also be considered when of
economic importance or when they provide practical
data. When numbers of test animals are referred to in
this document, the mlnlmums are given. However, the
researcher may want to increase numbers of test sub-
jects, animals or other organisms when practical or
economically feasible.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Pesticides, "Pest control,
"Humans, "Domestic animals, 'Dogs(Mammals),
"Cats, "Birds, Mammals, Treatment, Insects, Inverte-
brates, Parasites, Insect control, Methodology, Evalua-
tion, Mites, Dlptera, Siphonaptera, Ticks, Effective-
December 1983 125
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ness, Culicidae, Lice, Mosquitoes, Insect repellent
treated collars.
PB-266 210/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agent - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume VIII. Mosquitoes, Black Files, Midges and
Sand Files,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
George Carmichael, Calvin G. Alvarez, Mir S. Mulla,
Gary A. Mount, and Hugo Jamnback. Jan 77,59p*
EPA/540/10-77/006
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 7, PB-266 209.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E14, PB-266 202-
SET.
The document presents test procedures lor the as-
sessment of the biological efficacy of pesticides
against several groups of important insect pests which
pose an economic and public health threat to man in
urban, rural, agricultural and wilderness habitats. While
these protocols do not cover all procedures and tech-
niques employed to date, they, however, include the
most widely used and accepted procedures by re-
searchers in this field. Deviation from and modification
of these procedures may be deemed desirable when
required by specific conditions. The insects for which
evaluation procedures are outlined, belong to four
families'. Culicidae, Simuliidae, CeratopogonTdae, and
Chironomidae. The procedures and techniques out-
lined are mere guidelines for securing meaningful in-
formation on the efficacy of pesticides for the control
of pest and vector insects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Pest control, 'Insecticides,
'Culicidae, *Diptera, Invertebrates, Effectiveness,
Tests, Methodology, Evaluation, Insects, Insect con-
trol, Insect vectors, Larvae, Adults, Disease vectors,
Mosquitoes, Midges, 'Chironomidae, 'Ceratopogoni-
dae, 'Chaoboridae, 'Simuliidae.
PB-266 214/6 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sealing Coke-Oven Charging Lids, Chuck Doors,
and Standplpe Elbow Covers: Survey of Currant
U.S. State of the Art. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
C. E. Mobley, A. O. Hoffman, and H. W. Lownie. Feb
77, 21 p EPA/600/2-77/058
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The report gives results of a survey of the current U.S.
state-of-the-art approach and methodology for sealing
coke-oven charging lids, chuck doors, and standpipe
elbow covers. The study was
. art of the program,
Technical Support for U.S./USSR Task Force on
Abatement of Air Pollution from the Iron and Steel In-
dustry.' The survey concluded that: (1) seals associat-
ed with coke-oven charging lids, chuck doors, and
standpipe elbow covers are all metal-to-metal contact;
(2) charging lids and standpipe elbow covers are typi-
cally flat, tapered, or shouldered surface contacts, but
chuck-door seals are similar to end-closure door seals
(i.e., metal strips pressed against a flat metal surface);
(3) oven designers indicate that all three components
should provide an emission-proof seal, if properly
cleaned and maintained; and (4) U.S. coke plant oper-
ations augment the inherent seal of these components
with luting mud, slurries, and/or gaskets. The study did
not develop data relating the extent and type of emis-
sions from these components.
Keywords: 'Ovens, 'Coking, 'Sealing, 'Air pollution
control, Metallic seals, Slurries, Gaskets, Surveys,
'Coke ovens, Metal to metal seals.
PB-266 217/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Design of Minimum-Weight Diffusion Batteries.
Final rept. Sep 73-Sep 74,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
A. L Marcum, L. E. Dresher, A. Wojtowicz, and W. H.
Hedley. Jan 77,37p MRC-DA-452, EPA/600/2-77-001
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
Until recently, the measurement of particle sizes in
aerosols was largely a laboratory exercise. Currently,
however, particulates in the atmosphere and in the in-
126 Vol. 83, No. 26
dustrial exhaust gases are being monitored extensive-
ly in the field. While the weight and volume of labora-
tory apparatus is seldom of concern, field work is often
seriously hampered by equipment that is heavy or
bulky. The diffusion batteries currently in use weigh in
excess of fifty pounds and are often the heaviest piece
of equipment in a test setup. For this reason, it was felt
that the possibility of optimizing the dimensions of the
battery for minimum weight should be investigated.
The objectives of this study were: first, to analyze the
relationship between the physical dimensions of the
battery and operational parameters to determine if an
optimum configuration exists, and second, to design a
series of optimum weight batteries based upon the re-
sults of the study. The technical discussion which fol-
lows is limited to the first of these objectives. The theo-
retical foundation of the diffusion method has been ex-
tensively covered in the literature and is not consid-
ered here in detail. The design calculations for a spe-
cific series of batteries are included in the appendix.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Particle size,
"Size determination, 'Monitors, Measurement,
Design, Field Tests, Mobile equipment, Laboratories,
Diffusion, Flue gases, Gas flow, Air pollution sampling.
PB-266 218/7 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Heat Pumps: Substitutes for Outmoded Fossil-
Fueled Systems. Final rept. Apr-Jun 76,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsville, Ala.
Huntsville Research and Engineering Center.
E. A. Picklesimer. Apr 77,39p LMSC-HREC-PR-
D496880, EPA/600/7-77/035
Contract EPA-68-02-1331
The report reviews the state-of-the-art relative to de-
velopment, capacity, and adequacy of the heat pump
as a potential replacement for outmoded fossil-fueled
heating and cooling systems in the residential and
commercial sector. Projections are made of the rate at
which heat pumps need to be manufactured and in-
stalled in the commercial and residential sectors as
the projected service life of fossil-fuel equipment ex-
pires. The conclusion is reached that the heat pump is
economical only as a total space comfort system.
Based on January 1, 1976, fuel prices, the heat pump
is about 25% more expensive to operate than compa-
rable fossil-fueled heating systems. If the trend of In-
creasing fuel prices continues, the heat pump will be
more economical to operate than comparable fossil-
fueled heating systems by 1980.
Keywords: 'Heat pumps, Space heating, Air condition-
ing, Economic analysis, Commercial sector, Residen-
tial sector, Performance, Reviews, Trends, Total
space comfort systems.
PB-266 220/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
WRAP - A Model for Regional Solid Waste Man-
agement Planning. User's Guide,
MITRE Corp., Bedford, Mass.
Edward B. Berman. Feb 77,130p EPA/530/SW-573
Contract EPA-68-01-2976
This document comprises the user's guide, which is
addressed to the Individual, or group of individuals who
are intended to use the Wrap model to assist in the de-
cision-making process. The model Is fully described in
terms of its makeup and equation structure to familiar-
ize the users with its capabilities. The guide additional-
ly contains a full description of the kinds of data re-
quired for Its use, as well as how to prepare and utilize
those data and how to Interpret outputs. Examples of
prepared data inputs are provided as well as a guide to
the design and operation of the model.
Keywords: 'Solid waste abatement, 'Waste disposal,
Cost effectiveness, Decision making, Mathematical
models, Computer programming, 'Wrap computer pro-
gram.
PB-266 223/7 PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Metabolism of Carbsmate Insecticides,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Entomology.
H. Wyman Dorough. Feb 77,257p EPA/600/1-77-012
Grant EPA-R-802005
See also PB-231 596.
The results of studies conducted to determine the
metabolic fate of carbamate insecticides and its toxi-
cological significance are presented. Methomyl metab-
olism in rats was investigated in detail as was Crone-
ton in the rat, cow, pig and chicken. Carbaryl and car-
bpfuran were administered to rats endotracheally
either as aerosols or as components of tobacco
smoke and their fate determined. Carbaryl and nitroso-
carbaryl were among a series of pesticides assayed for
mutagenic/carcinogenic activity using the Ames assay
system. In addition, a study was conducted to deter-
mine if the in vitro metabolism of carbaryl under condi-
tions of the Ames assay was representative of that
which occurs in vivo. Respiratory 14C-carbon dioxide
from carbonyl-labeled carbamates was evaluated as a
technique for determining the effects of various factors
on the metabolism of carbamate insecticides. Carbaryl
and certain of its analogs were used in studies de-
signed to define the role of glutathione conjugation in
carbamate metabolism in rats. Conjugate and bound
residues of carbaryl, carbofuran, Croneton and aldi-
carb formed by plants were administered orally to rats
and their bioavailability ascertained.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Carbamates,
Esters, Metabolism, Hydrolysis, Laboratory animals,
Domestic animals, Plants(Botany), Food chains, Toxi-
cology, Carcinogens, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis,
Biochemistry, Physiology, Glutathione, Metabolites,
Pesticide residues, Mutagens, Ames mutagenic assay
system.
PB-266 224/5 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 5. Basic Petrochemicals Industry. Rept.
for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
T. B. Parsons, C. M. Thompson, and G. E. Wilkins. Jan
77,155pEPA/600/2-77/023e
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. Entries for
each industry are in consistent format and form sepa-
rate chapters of the catalog. The basic petroleum in-
dustry includes companies that treat hydrocarbon
streams from the petroleum refining industry, as well
as natural gas liquids from the oil and gas production
industry. From these raw materials, feedstocks are
produced for the organic chemicals industry. The prod-
ucts are pure or mixed chemicals for use as solvents or
chemical intermediates. This industry is described by
six operations composed of related processes. Four
chemical trees, six process flow sheets, and 28 proc-
ess descriptions characterize the industry. For each
process description, available data is presented on
input materials, operating parameters, utility require-
ments, and waste streams. Related information, pro-
vided as appendices, includes company, raw material,
and product data.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Petrochemistry, Re-
fineries, Petroleum industry, Chemical industry, Sol-
vents, Process charting, Industrial water, Hydrocar-
bons, Olefln resins, Butadienes, Naphthalene com-
pounds, Cresols, Alkanes, Distillation, Extractions.
Separation, Crystallization, Adsorption, Alkylation, Hy-
drogenation, BTX processes.
PB-266 226/2 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 8. Pesticides Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Terry B. Parsons, and F. I. Hones. Jan 77,240p EPA/
600/2-77/023h
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. Entries for
each Industry are In consistent format and form sepa-
rate chapters of the catalog. The pesticides industry
produces organic chemicals used: to control agricul-
tural pests, to disinfect and condition soil, and as plant
hormones. The Inorganic chemicals, petroleum prod-
ucts, and creosote used as pesticides are specifically
excluded from this chapter. The Industry is discussed
in 12 segments: simple and aromatic chlorinated hy-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
drocarbons; diene-based; organpphosphates; carba-
mates and thiocarbamates; triazines; anilides; ureas
and uracils; nitrated hydrocarbons; other nitrogenous;
organoarsenicals and organometallics; microbial or
natural derivatives; and others. Thirteen chemical
trees, 17 process flow sheets, and 37 process descrip-
tions characterize the Industry. For each process de-
scription, available data is presented on input materi-
als, operating parameters, utility requirements, and
waste streams. Related information, provided as ap-
pendices, includes company, product, and raw materi-
al data.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), Industrial water,
Soils, Organic compounds, Agricultural products, Proc-
ess charting, Plant hormones, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Organic phosphates, Chemical reactions,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Metal containing organic com-
pounds, Carbamates, Triazines, Anilines, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Ureas, Uracils, Arsenic organic
compounds, Pesticides, Manufacturing, 'Pesticides in-
dustry.
PB-266 226/0 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 24. The Iron and Steal Industry. Rept. for
Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Terry Parsons, V. S. Katari, and R. W. Gerstle. Feb 77,
209pEPA/600/2-77/023x
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-ENVIRONMEN-
TAL, Cincinnati, Ohio.
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. Entries for
each industry are in consistent format and form sepa-
rate chapters of the catalog. The Iron and Steel Indus-
try encompasses a variety of processes for transform-
ing iron ore into fabricated iron and steel products:
most large steel mills operate by-product coke plants
that produce metallurgical coke and coke by-products.
The industry is divided into five segments: ore prepara-
tion, coke production, coke by-products recovery, pjg
iron production, and steel manufacturing. Five process
flow sheets and 30 process descriptions characterize
the industry. For each process description, available
data is presented on input materials, operating param-
eters, utility requirements, and waste streams. Related
information presented as appendices, includes raw
materials, company, and product data.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel Industry, "Environmental
impacts, 'Industrial wastes, •CatalogsfPublications),
Coking, Byproducts, Manufacturing, Process charting,
industrial water, Iron ores, Pig Iron, Mining, Tars, Phen-
ols, Ammonia, Furnaces.
PB-266 228/6 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Magnesia Scrubbing Applied to a Coal-Fired
Power Plant. Final rept. Aufl 73-Aug 75,
Chemico Air Pollution Control Co., New York.
George Koehler. Mar 77,228p EPA/600/7-77/018
Contract EPA-88-02-1870
The report gives results of a full-size demonstration of
the magnesia wet-scrubbing system for flue gas desul-
'urization (FGD) on a coal-fired utility boiler. The
system was designed to desulfurize half the flue i
from a 190-MW rated capacity generating unit "
3.5% sulfur coal. The FGD installation was ei '
with a first-stage wet scrubber for particle en
control, followed by the magnesia unit. The FGD
system was able to remove 90% of the Inlet SO2 over
2800 hours of operation logged at the generating sta-
tion. Its particle control capability was also demon-
strated by reducing particle emissions to less than 0.01
gr/scf with the unit operated In series with an electro-
static precipitator. A test program, using only the wet-
scrubbing unit for particle emissions control, achieved
a collection efficiency of 99.8%. Magnesia was regen-
erated and recycled successfully. The S02 produced
during regeneration was used to manufacture com-
mercial grade sulfuric acid which was marketed. Corre-
lations were developed to determine SO2 removal for
varying boiler loads and fuel sulfur content, and to con-
trol regeneration of acceptable alkali. Several other
studies of the process technology and process chem-
istry were undertaken as part of the work.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, Electric power plants, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Scrubbers, Particles, Magnesium
oxides, Chemical industry, Circulation,
Regeneration(Engineering), Materials recovery, Manu-
facturing, Sulfuric acid, Design criteria, Process chart-
ing, Performance evaluation, 'Coal fired power plants,
'Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Wet methods.
PB-266 231/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA and EROA High-Temperature/High-Pressure
Partlculate Control Program*. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Oiv.
R. A. Kennedy, H. Dhillon, and J. B. Truett. Feb 77,60p
EPA/600/7-77-013
Contract EPA-68-01 -3539
The report describes and compares current projects
sponsored by EPA and the U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration (ERDA), relating to the
control of paniculate matter in fuel gas streams at high
temperatures (1000 to 2000F) and high pressures (5
atm and greater). The descriptions document each
project (indicating the sponsor, contractor, funding,
project officer, duration, and milestones) and provide a
narrative statement of objectives and technology in-
volved. Project descriptions provide bases for identify-
ing overlap or duplication, and indicate areas not ad-
dressed by either Agency. Descriptions were obtained
from documentation provided by the two Agencies and
from discussions with Agency contractor representa-
tives. Comparison of EPA and ERDA activities for pos-
sible overlap and omissions Is summarized In the con-
clusions which indicate that there Is little evidence of
any overlap or duplication. Since the composite effort
of both Agencies is not large, some Important areas of
interest are not addressed No projects are dedicated
exclusively to characterization and study of aerosol
mechanics; however, one such EPA-sponsored study
was completed recently. Some characterization work
is done at ERDA, incident to advanced energy systems
development. Development of instrumentation Is limit-
ed and does not extend to the expected 1000-psig op-
erating range.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control, Flue
gases, Combustion products, High temperature tests,
High pressure tests, Aerosols, Industrial wastes, Re-
search projects, Gas turbines, Coal gasification, Air
pollution control equipment, Performance evaluation,
Comparisons, National government, Environmental
Protection Agency, Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Federal agencies.
PB-266 233/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Filter Cake Redeposltlon In a Pulae-Jet Filter. Final
rept. Feb 76-Jan 77,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
David Lelth, and Melvin W. First. Mar 77,52p EPA/
600/7-77-022
Grant EPA-R-801399
The report gives results of a pilot-scale study of pulse-
jet filter cleaning, a process that Is Ineffective to the
extent that collected dust redeposlts, rather than fall-
ing to the hopper. Dust tracer techniques were used to
measure the amount of redeposltlon. A mathematical
model based on experimental results was developed
to describe dust transfer from bag to bag, redepositlon
on the pulsed bag, and migration to the hopper. At
conventional filtration velocities (5 cm/s), most of the
dust freed from the bag by the cleaning pulse was
found to redeposit (38% on the cleaned bag and 50%
on tne two neighboring bags) rather than fall to the
hopper. At high velocities (15 cm/s), redeposition was
more pronounced, 83% on the cleaned bag and 16%
on the neighboring bags. At a sufficiently high velocity,
redeposttfon may become total: no dust will fall into the
hopper, the dust cake will continue increasing In thick-
ness, and the pressure drop will increase without limit
as long as constant velocity Is maintained. The study
indicates that reasonable pressure drop can be
achieved at high velocity only when there Is a reduc-
tion In filter cake redeposltlon. Although filter perform-
ance depends on more parameters man were exam-
ined, the trend of Increasing redeposition with Increas-
ing velocity may persist regardless of the dust, fabric,
or filter configuration.
Keywords: 'Dust collectors, 'Air pollution control, *Alr
filters, Jet engines, Caking, Particles, Deposition,
Mathematical models, Experimental design, Numerical
analysis, Fabric filters.
PB-266 241/9 PC A23/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Extraction of Chemical Pollutants from Industrial
Wastewaters with Volatile Solvents. Final rept.
1971-75
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
Jonathan P. Earhart, Kwang W. Won, C. Judson King,
and John M. Prausnitz. Dec 76,531 p EPA/600/2-76/
220
Grant EPA-R-801030
Solvent extraction with volatile solvents was studied
as a method for treating wastewaters from petroleum
refineries and petrochemical plants. Extraction is most
attractive when the loading of organics is high, when
substances are present which pose difficulties for bio-
logical oxidation, and/or when the chemical value of
recovered organics is high. Volatile solvents (isobuty-
lene and isobutane) were given particular attention,
since they are easily regenerated and since they have
a low solubility in the effluent water. Equilibrium distri-
bution coefficients were determined for numerous sys-
tems of water, various solvents and various solutes,
and correlations of these coefficients were developed.
A minlplant extraction facility was used to demonstrate
the capabilities of extraction for treatment of seven dif-
ferent Industrial wastewaters, and for the purpose of
analyzing the underlying mass transfer and axial
mixing behavior. The scale-up of the extraction system
and the logic of selecting extraction processes for
wastewater treatment are explored at length.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Sol-
vent extraction, 'Petrochemistry, 'Petroleum Industry,
Industrial waste treatment, Solvents, Organic com-
pounds, Separation, Materials recovery, Phenols,
Process charting, Strlpping(Distillation), Volatility, Ex-
perimental design, Oils, Ethylene, Chlorinatlon, For-
maldehyde, Styrene, Mass transfer, Continuous,
'Liquid wastes, Oil water separators, Rotating disc
separators, Procedures, Spray column extractors.
PB-266 265/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Dlv.
An Objective Analyst* Technique for the Regional
Air Pollution Study. Part I. Final rept,
Control Data Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.
D. Hovland, D. Dartt, and K. Gage. Jan 77,55p EPA/
600/4-77/0028
Contract EPA-68-02-1827
This report documents the development of an objec-
tive analysis program for the mesoscale gridding of
wind and temperature for the Regional Air Pollution
Study being conducted In St. Louis by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency. The program is designed to pro-
duce a 5-km spaced horizontal grid analysis from a dis-
tribution of observations which are sparse at the
boundaries of the grid and dense near the center. An
Iterative scan procedure Is used successively to cor-
rect an Initial guess field until the analysis agrees rea-
sonably well with observations. A procedure is used
where widely spaced observations and a large scan
radius are first used to approximate the field. This is
successively followed by the addition of more observa-
tional data and reduction In scan radius until the field
converges to the desired analysis (usually five iter-
ations are required). This procedure of simultaneously
adding more data and shrinking the scan radius in-
sures that the small-scale variability In areas of dense
observations does not propagate into the surrounding
areas where there are few data. The special problems
of producing three-dimensional fields of gridded data
from the observation network are discussed. They In-
clude the Inconsistency of the surface and upper air
observation networks, the non-uniform density of the
basic observing network, and the difficulty of produc-
ing a reliable analysis when data from one or more key
stations are missing.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models,
•Wind(Meteorology), 'Temperature, 'Meteorological
data, 'Air pollution, Data analysis, Mathematical
models, Computer programs, Computation, *Alr qual-
ity. 'Saint Louls(Mlssouri).
December 1983 127
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 266/7 PC A02/MF A01
Western Energy/Environment Monitoring Study:
Planning and Coordination Summary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Gregory J. D'Alessio. Mar 77,25p EPA/600/7-77/024
Report on Interagency Energy-Environment Research
and Development Program.
This report is a summary of the planning, coordination
and implementation mechanisms which provide the
framework for the Western Energy/Environment Moni-
toring Study. This Study involves participation by ele-
ments of EPA, NASA, NOAA, and USGS and is a seg-
ment of the Interagency Energy/Environment Re-
search and Development Program administered by
EPA.
Keywords: 'Energy sources, 'Regional planning,
'Land use, Coal, Oil shale, Geothermal resources, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Environmental impacts,
Monitoring, Data acquisition, Research projects, Mon-
tana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Utah,
Colorado, California, Arizona, New Mexico, 'Western
Region(Unlted States), 'Energy source development.
PB-286 265/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
Corvallls, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Elimination of Pollution from Cottage Cheese
Whey by Drying and Utilization. Final rept,
Dairy Research and Development Corp., Peekskill,
Sidney Boxer, and Robert W. Bond. Sep 76,72p EPA/
600/2-76/254
A spray drying process for cottage cheese whey has
been demonstrated as a viable method for pollution
control from the cheese making industry. The process
produces a saleable product consisting of protein lac-
tose sugar and other nutritious ingredients. The prod-
uct, readily usable for animal feed, has recently been
accepted for human consumption. The process was
demonstrated by the Dairy Research and Develop-
ment Corporation in its plant adjacent to the cottage
cheese plant of the Dairylea Cooperative at Vernon,
NY, at a scale of 500,000 pounds of raw whey per day.
The process consists of five major steps, evaporation
of the raw whey, crystallization, spray drying, after
drying and packaging of the dry powder. Operation of
the demonstration plant was successfully concluded
after a period of lengthy and troublesome shakedown
and start-up. The cottage cheese whey Is now convert-
ed to a saleable dried product. The technology ap-
pears amenable for use In regional service facilities
where sufficient cheese whey supplies can justify es-
sential processing facility. The project capital cost for a
500,000 pounds a day (raw whey) plant of minimum
size Is approximately $3,000,000. The operating cost
projection is approximately $450,000 per year based
on 9,000,000 pounds a year of dried whey powder.
Profitability for this size plant is determined proportion-
ately by the sale of the product to the human food
market as against the animal feed market.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, 'Food processing,
'Water pollution control, 'Solid waste disposal, Indus-
trial wastes, By products, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Dairy industry, Feeding stuffs,
Food supply, Human nutrition, Animal nutrition, Eco-
nomics, Utilization, 'Cottage cheese whey, Whey.
PB-266 266/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Production and Processing of U.S. Tar Sanda: An
Environmental Assessment. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
N. A. Frazier, D. W. Hissong, W. E. Ballantyne, and E.
J. Mazey. Dec 76,92p EPA/600/7-76/035
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
Factors traceable to the increasing shortfall in U.S.
production of natural crude have rekindled Interests In
U.S. tar sands as a source of synthetic fuel. Reported
here are the results of a preliminary study to assess
the potential primary environmental impacts of produc-
tion and processing of U.S. tar sands bitumen. With the
possible exception attributable to chemical differences
between tar sand bitumen and coal, potential environ-
mental impacts of producing tar sands by mining meth-
ods would be similar in type to those of mining coal by
the same method and in the same area as the tar sand
deposit Processes for extracting bitumen from the
mined tar sand would generate solid waste In the form
of spent sand. Constituents and quantities of emis-
sions to air and water are process dependent but exist-
ing control technology and good environmental prac-
tices are technically applicable. A viable in situ produc-
tion technology for producing tar sand reservoirs has
not yet been demonstrated. On the basis of methods
tested to date, potential environmental impacts of pro-
ducing tar sands by in situ methods would be very simi-
lar to those of conventional oil field production. Techni-
cal and economic factors will determine if in situ meth-
ods, or possibly underground methods, are an alterna-
tive to surface mining in environmentally sensitive
areas.
Keywords: 'Tars, 'Bituminous sands, 'Oil sands,
'Mining, 'Environmental impacts, Crude oil, Synthetic
fuels, Solid waste disposal, Combustion products, Sur-
face mining, Geology, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum refin-
ing, Extraction, Reserves, Utah.
PB-266 267/4 PC A05/MF A01
Effects of Log Handling and Storage on Water
Quality. Final rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Gerald S. Schuytema, and Robert D. Shankland. Sep
76,87p EPA/600/2-76/262
The biological and chemical effects of three types of
log storage on water quality were investigated. Three
flow-through log ponds, two wet deck operations, and
five log rafting areas were studied. Both biological and
chemical aspects of stream quality can be adversely
affected by flow-through log ponds and runoff from wet
decks. Severity of degradation varies widely with each
situation. Runoff from wet decks had pollution charac-
teristics equal to or greater than that of the waters from
the flow-through log ponds studied. Esthetlcally, a
stream can be affected by the dark color of the water
coming from a log pond or wet deck. Floating bark
from a log raft or a log pond is also aesthetically dis-
pleasing. The most significant problem associated with
log rafting is the loss of bark which commonly occurs
when the logs are dumped into the water.
Keywords: 'Lumbering, 'Wooden logs, 'Water pollu-
tion, Ecology, Storage, Runoff, Stream pollution,
Ponds, Color, Bark, Esthetics,
Concentration(Composltlon), Organic compounds,
Floating bodies, Biochemical oxygen demand, Algae,
Field tests, Sampling, Oregon, Tables(Data).
PB-266 268/2 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He,
Mich. Large Lakes Research Station.
An Investigation of the Nearshore Region of Lake
Ontario, IFYOL. Final rept.
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Buffalo. Great Lakes
Lab.
Dec 76,282p EPA/600/3-76/115
Grant EPA-800701
Sufficient quantitative and qualitative information con-
cerning water and sediment chemistry, phytoplankton,
zooplankton and benthos, in addition to a limited
number of physical parameters between April 1972
and May 1973 was collected to establish an environ-
mental baseline for the Welland Canal - Rochester
near-shore zone. This information could be of value in
evaluating future ecological changes In the aquatic
region as well as in the construction of water Intakes,
beaches, power generating plants and other shoreline
projects. The study area could generally be character-
ized as ollgotrophic to mesotrophic. The lowest quality
conditions were observed at the Genesee and Niagara
River mouths. The thermal bar functioned as a barrier
which kept the more nutrient enriched water on the
shoreward side of the bar. Cladophora growth ap-
peared to be limited by suitable substrate for attach-
ment and the extent of wave action rather than chemi-
cal factors. The physical nature of the sediment also
appeared to be of major importance in determining
which benthos were found In which regions of the
study area.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Plankton, 'Ecology, 'Lake On-
tario, 'Water pollution, Canals, Phytoplankton, Zoo-
plankton, Sediments, Concentration(Composltion),
Benthos, Fresh water biology, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic sulfates, Beaches, Substrates, Oxygen,
Canada, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Interna-
tional Field Year for the Great Lakes, Cladophora, Ba-
seline studies, 'Welland Canal.
PB-266 269/0 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Alternatives to Chlorlnatlon for Control of Con-
denser Tube Blo-Foullng. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
H. H. S. Yu, G. A. Richardson, and W. H. Hedley. Mar
77,83p MRC-DA-638, EPA/600/7-77-030
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
The report gives results of a study of methods used to
reduce free-chlorine residuals in power plant effluents.
Most U.S. power plants use chlorine (28,600 tons in
1972) to control biological fouling in their cooling sys-
tems, particularly in their condenser tubes. Using chlo-
rine raises many questions regarding the toxicity of
chlorinated compounds which may enter public drink-
ing-water systems or harm aquatic organisms in the re-
ceiving water. The report considers viable alternatives
to current chlorination practices used to decrease pas-
sage of ecologically harmful effluents to receiving
waters. Alternative methods include: use of other
chemicals (BrCI, CIO2, 03, controlled-release pesti-
cides); more efficient methods of chemical application
(serial dosing near the condenser inlet, adding dech-
lorlnation chemicals, blowdown timing control, chlorin-
ation by residuals feedback control); on-line mechani-
cal cleaning (sponge ball system, brush system, hot
water backflush system); and physical/chemical treat-
ment. Information on advantages, disadvantages,
costs, and applicability for retrofit or new installations
of these methods is presented. Promising approaches
to reducing free-chlorine residuals in power plant ef-
fluents are available.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Substitutes, 'Fouling prevention, 'Condenser
tubes, Industrial waste treatment, Chlorination, Fouling
organisms, Potable water, Cost analysis, Cooling sys-
tems, Ultraviolet radiation, Hypochlorltes, Chlorine
oxides, Bromine halldes, Mechanical engineering,
Cleaning, Chemical cleaning, Ozone, Bromine, Iodine,
Electron beams, Boilers, Gamma radiation, 'Environ-
mental chemical substitutes, Bromine chloride.
PB-266 270/8 PC A05/MF A01
EPA Method Study 8, Total Mercury In Water. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl, Ohio. Quality Assurance Branch.
John Winter, Paul Brltton, Harold Clements, and
Robert C. Kroner. Feb 77, 76p EPA/600/4-77/012
Prepared in cooperation with Robert C. Kroner, Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory-Cincinnati of EPA conducts EPA's quality assur-
ance program for the water laboratories and assists
EPA laboratories in the choice of methods for physical,
chemical, biological and microbiological analyses. The
responsibility for quality assurance activities of EMSL
is assigned to the Quality Assurance Branch (QAB).
This study, one of the QAB activities, describes a joint
EPA/ASTM evaluation study of a method of analysis
for total mercury in natural water and wastewaters.
The method Includes an acid-permanganate-persul-
fate digestion followed by reduction and measurement
of mercury In the vapor phase at 253.7 nm. This report
describes the study, Its conclusions and provides
statements of precision and accuracy.
Keywords: 'Mercury inorganic compounds, 'Mercury
organic compounds, 'Water analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Surface water, Industrial wastes, Chemical
analysis, Concentratlon(Composition), Experimental
design, Fresh water, Statistical analysis, Numerical
analysis, Water pollution, Tables(Data), Samples, Dis-
tilled water, Comparisons, Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
Accuracy, Precision, *EPA method 8, 'Water pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB-266 271/6 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Fabric Filtration Studies: 1. Performance of
Non-woven Nylon Filter Bags. Final rept. Aug 72-
Mar73,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
James H. Turner. Dec 76,37p IERL-RTP-274, EPA/
600/2-76/1688
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-258 025.
The purpose of these Investigations was to evaluate
the potential of various new fabrics as baghouse filters
128 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and to obtain data for their use, by the fabric filtration
community. The testing consisted of simulating a
baghouse operation in a carefully controlled laboratory
setting that allowed measurement and comparison of
bag performance and endurance. The simulation dis-
cussed in this paper covered only a very narrow range
of operating conditions: (1) Redispersed, classified
flyasn (mass median diameter between 5 and 6 mi-
crometers) entrained in air was the only dust used. (2)
All filtering was done at room temperature. (3) Humid-
ity varied from about 20 to 40 percent for most of the
testing. (4) The air to cloth ratio of nylon 66 bags varied
between 4.3 and 8.7 fpm. (5) The dust loading varied
between 1.5 and 3 grains/cu ft. (6) The test cycle con-
sisted of a constant 20 minute feed, 1 minute delay, 2
minute shake cleaning, and 1 minute delay, regardless
of the pressure drop across the bag. Extreme caution
should be used in extrapolating the results reported
here to the substantially different conditions that occur
in all field applications. The usefulness of the present
results is primarily as an initial screen of candidate fab-
rics for baghouse applications.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Nonwoven fabrics, *Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Dust collection, Nylon 66, Fly
ash, Flue dust; Performance evaluation, Humidity, Par-
ticle size, Cost estimates, 'Fabric filters.
PB-266 274/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Process Profile* for Environmental Use:
Chapter 1. Introduction. Initial rept. Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Terry Parsons, I. A. Jefcoat, and P. W. Spaite. Jan 77,
21pEPA/600/2-77/023a
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. Entries for
each industry are in consistent format and form sepa-
rate chapters of the catalog. Chapter 1 is an introduc-
tion to the catalog and identifies a number of expected
uses for the information contained in the various chap-
ters. It explains the approach to catalog development,
aa well as the basic catalog format. It provides exam-
ples of typical information To be found in subsequent
chapters, along with definitions for specific catalog no-
menclature. It presents plans for future programs for
the assessment of industrial processes and their
impact on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), Forecasting, Petro-
jeum industry, Refineries, Fossil fuels, Metal industry,
Chemical industry, Commerce, Automotive industry,
Dry cleaning, Paints, Forest products, Agricultural
products, Public utilities, Motor vehicles, Machine
tools, Sewage treatment, Desalting, Petrochemistry.
PB-266 275/7 PC A03/MF A01
Statement of SulfatM Research Approach.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Feb 77,48p EPA/600/8-77/004
This document presents a strategy to investigate the
suKate question. It defines the approach to be taken,
lists the questions to be addressed, provides esti-
mates of resources needed, and time tables to accom-
plish these goals. It Is Intended to serve as a long-term
planning instrument. The strategy statement is divided
into four research areas: Health Effects, Ecological Ef-
fects, Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport, and
Measurement Methodology and Instrumentation.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Sulfates, 'Air pollution,
Combustion products, Electric power plants, Chemical
composition, Atmospheric composition, Physical prop-
erties, Concentration(Composition), Sulfur inorganic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Forecasting,
exhaust emissions, Transport properties, Atmospheric
diffusion. Toxicology, Public health, Ecology, Measur-
ing instruments, Methodology, Epidemiology, Humans,
Laboratory animals, Bloassay, Stationary sources,
Nonpoint sources, Animal models.
PB-266 276/6 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Recovery of Ume and Magnesium In Potable
Water Treatment Final rept.,
Johnson County Water District No. 1, Kana.
C. G. Thompson, and G. A. Mooney. Dec 76,129p
EPA/600/2-76/285
Grant EPA-S-803194-01 -4
Prepared by Black, Crow and Eidsness, Inc., Mont-
gomery, Ala.
A hard, turbid surface water was successfully treated
using the magnesium carbonate process in a 2 mgd
pilot plant at the treatment works of Water District No.
1 of Johnson County, Kansas, for one year during
1975 and 1976. During this study, froth flotation was
used to separate river sediments from calcium carbon-
ate formed in the treatment process. Both bench-scale
and pilot plant flotation tests have shown that sludges
formed by softening turbid waters can be processed to
yield a relatively pure calcium carbonate suitable for
lime recovery. Prior to this work lime sludge from sur-
face water treatment had not been useable for lime
reclamation. Process variables affecting both magne-
sium carbonate recovery and calcium carbonate bene-
ficiation were studied in this work. Magnesium carbon-
ate was successfully produced on a continuous pilot
scale from recycled magnesium bicarbonate liquor.
Process economics were favorable. A comparison of
capital and operating costs for magnesium carbonate
treatment, sludge flotation and lime recovery with
present operating costs, including waste disposal, indi-
cated that annual costs would be lower with the new
technology.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Water softening,
'Sludges, 'Solid waste disposal, Potable water, Cal-
cium oxides, Surface waters, Coagulation, Flotation,
Design criteria, Pilot plants, Magnesium carbonates,
Materials recovery, Calcium carbonates, Economic
analysis, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Rec-
lamation, Separation, Sediments, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Experimental design, Tables(Data).
PB-266 278/1 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Special
Studies Branch.
Restoration of Lower St. Regis Lake (Franklin
County, New York). Final rept. 9 May 72-31 Oct 75,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Environmen-
tal Health Center.
G. Wolfgang Fuhs, Susan P. Allen, Leo J. Hetllng, and
T. James Tofflemire. Feb 77,120p EPA/600/3-77/
021
Grant EPA-S-801529
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Environmental Conservation, Albany. Environmental
Quality Research Unit.
Lower St. Regis Lake, the lowest of a chain of three
lakes in Franklin County, Adirondack Region, New
York, was subject to severe eutrophication, as indicat-
ed by summer-long intense blue-green algal blooms
caused by phosphate discharges from a point-source
contributing approximately 0.8 g P/(sq m x yr). Sewage
from the point-source had been subject to an extended
aeration-activated sludge treatment. Ferric chloride
was added and ferric phosphate sludge was removed
from the basin from July to December 1972, from
March to November 1973, and In April 1974. In May
1974 year-round diversion of the effluent to a sand bed
250 meters from the lake was begun. During the sum-
mers of 1973 and 1974 there was washout of phos-
phate from the lake system, and the summer bloom
was delayed. In 1975 the usual spring bloom of flagel-
lates and diatoms did not occur, and the summer
bloom was further reduced In duration and Intensity.
The recovery of the lake is thus very much In evidence.
The high iron content of the lake, among several other
factors, appears to be speeding the recovery; a delay-
ing influence Is being exerted by the continued hypo-
limnic oxygen depletion, however, presumably from
methane formed in the sediments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Algae, 'Inorganic phos-
phates, 'Saint Regis Lake, Nutrients, Cyanophyta,
Summer, Diatoms, Iron, Recovery, Evaporation,
Oxygen, Losses, Methane, Aquatic biology, Water bal-
ance, New York, Franklin County(New York), 'Eutro-
phication, Jrophic level, Hypollmnlon.
PB-266 292/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Office of Program Management and Sup-
port.
Monitoring Environmental Impact* of the Coal
and OH Shale Industrie*: Reeewch and Develop-
ment Need*. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
D. C. Jones, W. S. Clark, W. F. Holland, J. C. Lacy, and
E. D. Sethness. Feb 77, 207p* EPA/600/7-77/015
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
Recommendations are presented for monitoring and
predictive technology for the coal conversion and oil
shale industries. The recommendations are based
upon a literature survey of the emissions and potential
impacts of these industries. Descriptions of the tech-
nologies are included.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Environmental impacts, 'Oil
shale, 'Coal, Air pollution, Water pollution, Thermal
pollution, Land use, Slurries, Pipelines, Trace ele-
ments, Coal preparation, Coal gasification, Coal lique-
faction, Mathematical models, Forecasting, Coal
mining, In situ combustion, Process charting, Industrial
wastes, Concentration(Composition), Solid wastes,
'Clean energy, Coal extracts.
PB-266 296/3 PC A08/MF A01
Water-Oriented Outdoor Recreation In the Illinois
River Basin (Appendix VI) - Illinois - Indiana - Wis-
consin.
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, Philadelphia, Pa.
Northeast Regional Office.
Jun64, !58p
Prepared for Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Chicago, III. Region V.
The recreation situation in the Illinois River Basin is
worsening. With population increasing and per capita
demand for water recreation activities rising, the com-
bined effect of these two trends is to boost total
demand for water-based recreation opportunities at a
faster rate than either of the trends producing it. The
water resource is relatively fixed in quantity while the
quality of the water in the basin is steadily declining as
greater and greater demands are made upon the sur-
face water as a dilutant for a growing variety and quan-
tity of municipal and industrial wastes. If major efforts
are not forthcoming in the direction of pollution abate-
ment and other water-quality control measures, the
outlook for water for recreation in the Illinois River
Basin will be (1) a rapidly growing demand for water
recreation activities, and (2) a diminution in both the
quality and relative quantity of opportunities for basin
residents to engage in these activities due to a steady
decline in the quality of the water.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Recreation, 'Illinois
River Basin, Regional planning, Water quality, Surveys,
Recreational facilities, Surface waters, Land use
zoning, Demand(Economics), Water pollution abate-
ment, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin.
PB-266 297/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air and Waste Management.
Outdoor Radon Study (1974-1975): An Evaluation
of Ambient Radon-222 Concentration* In Grand
Junction, Colorado. Final rept..
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
David L. Duncan, George A. Boysen, Lee Grossman,
and Gustav A. Franz, 11° Apr 77,68p ORP/LV-77/1
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Dept. of Health,
Denver and Colorado Dept. of Health, Grand Junction.
This report presents the results of measurements of
ambient outdoor radon concentrations around the
Grand Junction, Colorado, uranium mill tailings pile
during the period of April 27, 1974 to April 2, 1975. A
similar study was done by the U.S. Public Health Serv-
ice In 1967 and 1968 before the pile was stabilized,
and this study was done after the pile was stabilized to
determine the effects of stabilization. Air samples were
collected over a 48-hour period In a Mylar bag which
was sent to the laboratory for radon analysis, using
alpha scintillation cells. Samples were collected at
each of 20 stations every three weeks for one year.
The samples collected on the pile had higher radon
concentrations following stabilization, and the exact
cause for this Is not known. Radon concentrations in
the predominant daytime wind direction had elevated
radon concentrations which are a power function with
distance. Samples collected in other directions away
from the pile contained background concentrations of
radon.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Uranium ores,
'Mines, Air pollution, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Sampling, Industrial wastes, Radon isotopes, Sites,
December 1983 129
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tables(Data), "Air pollution sampling, 'Radon 222,
'Uranium mines, Grand Junction(Colorado).
PB-266 308/6 Not available NTIS
A Descriptive Evaluation of the Effects of Number
2 Fuel Oil on the Tissues of the Soft Shell Clam
'Mya arenarla L'. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
Dennis M. Stainken. 1976,8p EPA/600/ J-76/043
Pub. in Bulletin of Contamination and Toxicology, v16
n6p730-7381976.
Soft shell clams were exposed over 28 days at 4C to
single dose concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ppm No.
2 fuel oil emulsion to simulate a potential winter oil
spill. The hydrocarbon content of the water column
was monitored on a weekly basis. Clams were re-
moved and their histology examined after 28 days. The
general effects of subacute oil exposure were charac-
terized by a depletion of glycogen and a generalized
leukocytosis particularly evident in the blood sinuses
of the palluim and mantle membrane. The histological
effects appeared to be dose dependent. The clams ex-
posed to the 100 ppm oil emulsion had more frequent
and noticeable histological differences from the con-
trols.
Keywords: *0il pollution, "Fuel oil, 'Clams, 'Toxicity,
Experimental data, Hydrocarbons,
Mernbranes(Biology), Histology, Dosage, Shellfish,
Toxicology, Pathology, Physiological effects,
Tissues(Biology), Evaluation, Temperature, Water pol-
lution, Experimental data, Exposure, Glycogens, Leu-
kocytosis, Oil spills, Reprints, *Mya arenaria, Soft shell
clams, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-266 309/4 Not available NTIS
Fermentation Inhibition by 2,6-Dlchloro-4-nltroanl-
llne (DCNA). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Gene E. Michaels, N. Lee Wolfe, and David L. Lewis. 8
Dec 75,3p EPA/600/J-77/004
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens,
Ga. Dept. of Microbiology.
Pub. in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v25
n2p419-420 Mar/Apr 77.
The effect of DCNA (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline) on the
fermentation rate of peach wine produced in Georgia
was determined. DCNA was identified by GC-MS and
quantitated (1.2 mg/l) by GLC in peach concentrates
that fermented more slowly than normal. The effect of
the DCNA on the growth of a yeast test strain (Sac-
charomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus) was studied
in basal salts media containing sucrose (50 g/l) and in
basal salts media containing ethanol (8% v/v) and su-
crose (2.50 g/l). At DCNA concentrations similar to or
higher than those in the concentrate, cell growth was
not affected in the non-alcoholic media. However, at
0.25 mg/l DCNA in the alcoholic media (made to simu-
late wine vat conditions), the lag phase time for the
yeast was increased 8 h and the total cell density was
decreased by 50%.
Keywords: 'Peaches, 'Wines, 'Fermentation, Chemi-
cal analysis, Georgia, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Inhibitors, Chlorine organic compounds,
Nitrogen organic compounds, Anilines, Food process-
ing, Beverages, 'Aniline/dichloro-nitro, Reprints.
PB-266 310/2 Not available NTIS
Kinetics of Chemical Degradation of Malathlon In
Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
N. Lee Wolfe, Richard G. Zepp, John A. Gordon,
George L. Baughman, and David M. Cline. 12 Jan 76,
6p EPA/600/J-77/003
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
p88-93Jan77.
Acid degradation of malathion is too slow to be impor-
tant under environmental reaction conditions. Howev-
er, alkaline degradation is fast enough to be a competi-
tive degradation pathway in the environment. The
products of alkaline degradation are temperature de-
pendent. Oxidation by molecular oxygen is too slow
under acidic conditions to be a degradation pathway.
Photolysis is slow in distilled water but may be impor-
tant in natural waters.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Malathion, 'Water pol-
lution, Insecticides, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Sulfur organic compounds, Thermal degradation, Hy-
drolysis, Chemical reactions, pH, Experimental design,
Reprints.
PB-266 311/0 PCA02
Effects of Inorganic Complexlng on the Toxicity
of Copper to 'Daphnia magna'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
R. W. Andrew, K. E. Biesinger, and G. E. Glass. 26 Sep
76,9p EPA/600/J-77/001
Pub. in Water Research, v11 p309-3151977.
The report includes the effects of carbonate-bicarbon-
ate, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate on the toxic-
ity of copper (II) to Daphnia magna studied at constant
pH and total hardness. Mortality rates and reciprocal
survival times were directly correlated with cupric
(Cu2+) and copper hydroxy (Cu(OH)n) ion activities
as determined by equilibrium calculations. Toxicity was
negatively related to activities of soluble copper car-
bonate (CuCO3) and other complexes, and was found
to be independent of dissolved copper or total copper
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Copper, 'Crustacea, Metals, Ex-
perimental design, pH, Complex compounds, Mortality,
Survival, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Metal complexes,
Concentration(Composition), Inorganic phosphates,
Lake Superior, Tables(Data), Aquatic animals, Water
pollution, Bipassay, Experimental data, 'Daphnia
magna, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-266 312/8 PC A02/MF A01
Improved Procedure for Determining Mercury
Emissions from Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkall Plants.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
W. J. Mitchell, and M. R. Midgett. 1976, 6p EPA/600/
J-76/045
Pub. in APCA Journal, v26 n7 D675-677 Jul 76.
An analytical procedure for determining the mercury
emissions from mercury cell-chlor-alkali plants is de-
scribed. This procedure was developed to correct
problems in an analytical procedure promulgated by
the Environmental Protection Agency. This improved
analytical procedure was subjected to a collaborative
test in which 13 laboratories performed duplicate anal-
yses on 3 solutions that contained mercury concentra-
tions in the range of 2 to 65 micrograms of mercury per
milliliter. From this collaborative test the following esti-
mates are made about the precision and accuracy of
the improved procedure: the within-laboratory stand-
ard deviation is 1.6 micrograms Hg/ml, the between-
laboratory standard deviation is 1.8 micrograms Hg/
ml, and the accuracy is -0.4 micrograms Hg/ml.
Keywords: 'Mercury, 'Gas analysis, Industrial wastes,
Performance evaluation, Precision, Accuracy, Experi-
mental design, Concentration(Composition), Labora-
tory equipment. Chemical analysis, Spectrophoto-
metry, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection, 'Chlor alkali
plants, Procedures.
PB-266 313/6 PC A02/MF A01
Field Reliability of the Orsat Analyzer. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
William J. Mitchell, and M. Rodney Midgett. 1976,6p
EPA/600/J-76/048
Pub. in APCA Journal, v26 n5 p491 -495 May 76.
Results from four field based collaborative tests and
from one laboratory based collaborative test of the
Orsat analytical procedure are discussed. The results
from the five collaborative tests demonstrate that rou-
tinely using Orsat data to convert particulate emissions
from combustion sources to the reference conditions
of 50% excess air and 12% carbon dioxide may intro-
duce sizeable errors in the corrected particulate load-
ing. Ways to improve the Orsat apparatus and increase
the reliability of the data are suggested. Also reported
are the results from field and laboratory studies on the
reliability of using individual carbon dioxide and oxygen
analyzers of the Fyrite type to determine stack gas mo-
lecular weight. The laboratory study, which was done
using three cylinders containing mixtures of carbon
dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen of
known concentration, determined that these analyzers
give carbon dioxide and oxygen analyses of sufficient
reliability to yield accurate molecular weights. The re-
sults of the field studies, which were done on actual
flue gas samples, also support this conclusion.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, Air pollution, Field tests,
Experimental design, Particles, Molecular weights,
Concentration(Composition), Flue gases, Carbon diox-
ide, Oxygen, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Reprints, 'Orsat analyzer, 'Air pollution sampling,
Fyrite.
PB-266 314/4 PC A02/MF A01
An Automated Multlsample-Stream Chemical
Monitoring System. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Heinz P. Kollig. 1977,6p EPA/600/J-77/002
Pub. in American Laboratory, v9 n2 p47-52 Feb 77.
An automated system has been designed and operat-
ed successfully for the past two years for chemical
analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon com-
pounds in the study of the fate of pollutants. Nine sam-
ples from along a simulated river are pumped into the
laboratory, and eight different chemical analyses are
done on each sample in a consecutive and automated
mode with built-in internal standardization. The sam-
ples are directed by a series of solenoid valves, which
are activated by either a mechanical or a solid state se-
quencer. The analyses are done with Technicon au-
toanalyzers in a continuous flow mode, and data proc-
essing is performed by a computer linked to the
system.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Samplers, Monitoring,
Automation, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Nutrients,
Phosphorus, Carbon, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, 'Water pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-266 315/1 PC A02/MF A01
Adequacy of Sampling Trains and Analytical Pro-
cedures Used for Fluoride. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
William James Mitchell, and Rodney Midgett. 8 Mar 76,
10p EPA/600/J-76/046
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v10 p865-8721976.
Liquid nitrogen-cooled cold-traps were used to estab-
lish the collection efficiency for fluorides of two differ-
ent source sampling trains at primary aluminum reduc-
tion plants and wet-process phosphoric acid plants. It
was found that the glass frit filter support commonly
used in stationary source sampling trains retained flu-
oride during sampling; therefore, the filter should not
be placed before the impingers when sampling for flu-
oride. Also described are the results of a collaborative
test on two standard distillation procedures for fluor-
ides; sulfuric acid distillation and steam distillation from
perchloric acid. The results show that the predominant
source of imprecision in both methods is the distillation
step itself.
Keywords: 'Fluorides, 'Aluminum, 'Phosphoric acids,
'Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Distillation,
Sampling, Sulfuric acid, Perchloric acid, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution, Fertilizers, Experimental design,
Electrodes, Efficiency, Gas analysis. Laboratory equip-
ment, Concentration(Composition), Stationary
sources, Ion selective electrodes, Wet methods, Pro-
cedures, 'Air pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-266 316/9 PC A02/MF A01
Viruses In Finished Water: The Occoquan Experi-
ence. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
E. W. Akin, and W. Jakubowski. 1976,12p EPA/600/J-
76/044
Pub. in Proceedings AWWA Water Quality Technology
Conference, San Diego, California, December 5-8,
1976, p1-10 1976.
Low levels of poliovirus 1 were reported to have been
isolated from 4 finished water samples collected by an
EPA contractor from a water system that used conven-
tional treatment including disinfection. The circum-
stances surrounding these virus isolations suggest
that exogenous contamination of the samples may
have occurred. This report discusses these circum-
stances and also recommends laboratory procedures
that would minimize the risk of exogenous contamina-
tion of environmental virus samples.
130 Vol. 83, No. 2fi
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Reservoirs, "Water pollution,
Sewage treatment, Disinfection, Polioviruses, Surface
waters, Monitoring, Potable water, Contamination,
Tables(Data), Virginia, 'Water quality data, 'Occoquan
Reservoir.
PB-286 317/7 Not available NTIS
Means to Evaluate Performance of Stationary
Source Test Methods. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
William J. Mitchell, and M. Rodney Mldgett. 26 Aug 74,
5pEPA/600/J-76/047
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v10
n1p85-88Jan76.
Described are two sampling arrangements that allow
four Independent stationary source sampling trains to
sample simultaneously at essentially the same point In
the stack. Presented are the results obtained with
these sampling arrangements during field tests using
the EPA paniculate sampling train.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation. Sampling, Field
tests, Concentration(Composltion), Sites, Particles,
Field tests, Chimneys, Air pollution, Tests, Reprints,
"Air pollution sampling, Stationary sources.
PB-266 318/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Aspect* of Uranium Mining and
Milling In South Texas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Houston, Tex. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Malcolm F. Kallus. Oct 75, 77p EPA/906/9-75/004
Recent investigations of uranium mining and milling
operations in the Grants Mineral Belt of New Mexico
found serious environmental problems to be associat-
ed with these activities. The purpose of this investiga-
tion was to determine whether or not similar problems
existed in the South Texas uranium belt. The investiga-
tion showed that these problems did not exist. Activi-
ties included in the investigation were (1) a literature
search to gather background information; (2) a search
of the files of state environmental regulatory agencies
to assemble pertinent data; (3) an aerial and surface
reconnaissance of the area involved; and (4) discus-
sions with involved persons in both the governmental
and private sectors.
Keywords: 'Uranium ores, 'Mining, 'Leaching, 'Water
pollution, 'Texas, Environmental Impacts, Radioactive
contaminants, Surface mining, Land reclamation, Mon-
itoring, Regulations, Local government, State govern-
ment, Erosion, Geology, Solution mining, Water pollu-
tion sampling.
PB-266 319/3 PC A03/MF A01
Army Engineer District, Vicksburg, Miss.
Pesticide and Water Quality Study, Lake Chlcot,
Mississippi River Basin, Arkansas. Study of Endrln
and Dleldrin Pesticide Pollution of Upper and
Lower Lake Chlcot.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Baton
Rouge, La. Lower Mississippi River Technical Assist-
ance Project.
Nov65,32p
Sponsored in part by Army Engineer District, Vicks-
burg, Miss.
From an analysis of samples collected in June and
September 1965, it is concluded that endrin and diel-
drin are reaching both the upper and lower portions of
Lake Chlcot. The concentrations found do not indicate
lethal hazards to fish for which median tolerance levels
are available. Information is not available to allow eval-
uation of the effects on other aquatic life in the range
of pesticide concentrations found.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fishes, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Lake Chicot,
Concentration(Compositlon), Hazards,
Tolerances(Physiology), Endrln, Dieldrin, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Mississippi, 'Water quality data.
PB-266 320/1 PC A08/MF A01
Land Use Survey. Final rapt,
National Youth Advisory Board, Dallas, Tex. Region VI
Land Use Task Force.
John Baen, A. C. Gonzales, Holly Peacock, and Pam
Troboy. Oct 72,161p
The Youth Advisory Board's summer land use activi-
ties have attempted to develop a comprehensive over-
view of land use policies, practices, attitudes and
mechanisms in the five state area of Region VI. The
task force focused on the coastal zone of Texas and
Louisiana in an effort to explain some of the environ-
mental problems affected by land use. Pollution Is fre-
quently the direct result of improper land use manage-
ment. The survey has taken a close look at existing at-
titudes and procedures concerning land use and its
control mechanisms. Interviews and questionnaires
were sent to environmental groups, professors, indus-
tries and local officials. Impacts of a representative
council of government was investigated. Study in-
cludes summary of existing EPA policies and programs
in Region VI. Several case studies were included.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Coasts, 'Texas, 'Louisiana,
Attitude surveys, Dredging, Channel improvements,
Policies, Questionnaires, Interviews, Water quality,
Recreation, Environmental impacts, Project planning,
Citizen participation.
PB-266 321/9 PC A04/MF A01
Development of a Comprehensive Water Pollution
Control Program for the Lower Mississippi River
Basin. Study Plan,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Baton
Rouge, La.
Apr66,68p
This is a plan to restore and preserve the quality of sur-
face and ground water, eliminate or reduce pollution at
Its source, remove polluting materials from waste
water discharges, and regulation of stream flow. De-
sires of the public for clean water are identified; de-
sires translated into goals; and engineering and scien-
tific technology is applied to determine alternative
methods.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Mississippi River, Mississippi
River Basin, Stream flow, Objectives, Potable water,
Sources, Waste water, Project planning, Maps, Water
quality, Organizations, 'Water
management(Administratlve).
PB-266 322/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Noise Assessment, City of Grand
Prairie, Texas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Haz-
ardous Materials Control Div.
George J. Putnicki, Charles S. Riddel, and Hal Watson,
Jr. 1977,97p
Prepared in cooperation with Texas State Dept. of
Health, Austin., and Grand Prairie, Tex.
The report presents a successful, relatively inexpen-
sive environmental noise assessment of the metropoli-
tan area of Grand Prairie, Texas. The methodology in-
cluded use of the readily available Type-2 sound level
meter which is simple enough to be operated by a
layman. Readings from the sound level meter were
made every 10 seconds and recorded manually on
data sheets. A separate data sheet was used for each
hour in order to observe the changes in noise levels at
various times of day. This and previous studies have
demonstrated that this methodology is sufficient for
the purpose of community noise surveys to assist local
planning. Noise measurements were made at eight lo-
cations; several sites were located near suspected
major sources of noise namely, the Dallas/Fort Worth
Airport, Dallas Naval Air Station, and LTV Aerospace
Corp. Environmental noise exposure in one portion of
the city appears to present a possible risk of perma-
nent hearing damage, and another portion of the city
experiences noise exposure high enough to be unsuit-
able for residential development.
Keywords: "Noise pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
'Municipalities, Texas, Data acquisition, Methodology,
Cost effectiveness, Sound level meters, Sites, Audio-
metry, Damage, Urban areas, Exposure, 'Grand
PrairiefTexas), Hearing hazards, Residential areas.
PB-266 353/2 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Comprehensive Data Handling System, Air Q
Data Handling Subsystem (AODHS-II) Pro
Documentation and User's Qulde. Second Efl
, Air Quality
I) Program
. Second Edition.
Final rept.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Operations Analysis Div.
Apr 77,454p EPA/450/3-74/045-1
Contract EPA-68-02-1386
See also PB-241 798.
When dealing with atmospheric pollution, it is neces-
sary to arnass, catalog, sort, evaluate, and perform cal-
culations upon large volumes of data. The Air Quality
Data Handling System (AQDHS-II) provides air pollu-
tion control agencies with the capability to create and
maintain their own air quality data base and to retrieve
data and generate reports from that data base. This
report contains documentation for the computer pro-
grams which comprise AQDHS-II. It is also written as a
Users Guide with each program described, input re-
quirements described, field descriptions, etc. In addi-
tion to the basic system, several preprocessor and
postprocessor programs are provided which perform
functions necessary to make this system compatible
with existing systems such as SAROAD and the origi-
nal AQDHS. The system has a powerful retrieval capa-
bility which allows the user to retrieve virtually any
piece of data in his file. The system also allows the
user to automatically generate his quarterly air quality
progress report in SAROAD format.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Computer programs, Data
processing, Cobol, Fortran, Programming manuals,
File maintenance, 'Data bases, Report generators,
'AQDHS-2 system, Structured programming, Pre-
processors, Postprocessors.
PB-266 355/7 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
A Review of Techniques for Incineration of
Sewage Sludge with Solid Wastes. Final rept. 4 Jun
74-5 Sep 76,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, Pa.
W. Niessen, A. Daly, E. Smith, and E. Gilardi. Dec 76,
238p* EPA/600/2-76/288
Contract EPA-68-03-0475
This report discusses the state of the art of co-Inciner-
ation of municipal refuse and sewage sludge. Europe-
an and American practice is described. Four co-incin-
eration techniques are evaluated for thermodynamlc
and economic feasibility; pyrolysls, multiple hearth,
direct drying, and indirect drying. Each process is com-
pared with conventional separate incineration with re-
spect to cost, practicality, and project environmental
impact. Recommendations for specific demonstrations
are made and EPA endorsement of co-incineration is
proposed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sewage disposal,
'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, Refuse disposal, Pyr-
olysis. Economic analysis. Drying, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Drying, Process charting, Air pollu-
tion, Recommendations.
PB-266 356/5 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Aroclor (Trademark) 1254 on Brook
Trout, 'Salvellnus fontlnslls'. Final rept. 1972-74,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Virginia M. Snarski, and Frank A. Puglisi. Dec 76,44p
EPA/600/3-76/112
No adverse effects were observed on survival, growth,
and reproduction of brook trout exposed for 71 weeks
to 0.94 micrograms/l and lower concentrations of the
polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 (P = 0.05). Sur-
vival and growth to 90 days of alevin-juveniles from ex-
posed parents were also unaffected (P -- 0.05). Poly-
chlorinated biphenyl concentrations in the brook trout
were directly proportional to the water exposure con-
centrations (P = 0.05). The PCB tissue concentrations
appeared to have reached a steady state by the first
sampling after 14 weeks of exposure. The PCB resi-
dues (wet-tissue basis) In chronically exposed fish
were approximately 2 micrograms/g in the fillet and 9
micrograms/g in the 'whole body' (entire fish minus
one fillet and the gonads) at the highest water concen-
tration, 0.94 micrograms/l. The higher residue In the
whole body compared to the corresponding fillet was
due to the higher fat content of the former.
December 1983 131
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Trout, 'Chlorine aromatic compounds,
•Fishes, Physiological effects, Tables(Data), Growth,
Reprodyction(Biology), Bioassay, Exposure, Recom-
mendations, Toxicology, Survival, Tissues(Biqlogy),
Analyzing, Sampling, Freshwater fishes, Residues,
Concentration(Composition), Biphenyl/chloro, *Aro-
clor 1254, Bioaccumulation, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Salvelinus fontinalis, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB-266 357/3 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Toxicology Div.
A Solid Substrate Immunologlcal Assay for Moni-
toring Organic Environmental Contaminants,
IRT Corp., San Diego, Calif.
Herbert R. Lukens, and Colin B. Williams. Mar 77,51 p
EPA/600/1-77/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2202
A solid substrate 'film-badge' type monitor has been
developed that is capable of detecting 2-aminobenzi-
midazole (2-ABZI) at less than one part per million in
water in less than 10 minutes. The monitor makes use
of the reaction which takes place between 2-ABZI in
the sample and a monolayer of its antibody that has
been deposited on a thin film of indium on a glass sub-
strate. A second approach in which the antibody is
mounted on polystyrene and reaction of its antigen-
binding sites with a fluorescein-labeled antigen are
subject to competition with nonlabeled antigen in the
sample, has been demonstrated in principle. Improve-
ments in this alternate approach are proposed.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Substrates, Monitors, Chemical analysis, Antigen
antibody reactions, Benzimidazoles, Recommenda-
tions, Tables(Data), Immunology, Water pollution, Ap-
pendices, 'Water pollution detection, Benzimidazole/
amino.
PB-266 358/1 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Virus Particle Aggregation and Halogen Disinfec-
tion of Water Supplies. Final rept. Jun 75-Aug 76,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Bacteriolo-
D. Gordon Sharp. Dec 76,61 p EPA/600/2-76/287
Grant EPA-R-803771
See also report dated May 76, PB-253 087.
Using a dynamic system the inactivation of polio and
reovirus preparations containing essentially all single
and preparations containing aggregated viruses was
examined. Differences in resistance to bromine and
chlorine were shown to be caused both by inherent dif-
ferences between different virus groups and by state
of aggregation. Electron microscopic observations of
polio and reoviruses as they emerge from infected
cells and in crude extracts indicated that substantial
numbers of viruses may be released from infected
cells In an aggregated state. Differences in stability of
aggregates of polio and reoviruses and effects of dilu-
tion, ionic strength, and pH on aggregation are also
shown.
Keywords: 'Reoviruses, 'Bromine, 'Chlorine, 'Water
treatment, 'Disinfection, 'Polioviruses, Viruses, Ag-
glomeration, pH, Electron microscopy, Reaction kinet-
ics, Experimental design, Laboratory equipment, Dilu-
tion, Centrifuging, Inactivity.
PB-266 359/9 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Cost Estimating Manual-Combined Sewer Over-
flow Storage and Treatment Final rept,
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, Eldor-
ado Hills, Calif.
Henry H. Benjes, Jr. Dec 76,136p* EPA/600/2-76/
286
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
Data for estimating average construction costs and
operation and maintenance requirements are present-
ed for combined sewer overflow treatment plants rang-
ing from 5 to 200 million gallons per day in capacity,
and storage facilities ranging in size from 1 to 240 mil-
lion gallons. Estimating data are included for 14 sepa-
rate process functions associated with stormwater
treatment plants and storage facilities. An example of
the use of the data is given. Estimated average con-
struction costs and operation and maintenance re-
quirements are related graphically to appropriate
single parameters for respective plant components. In
addition, cost components of the process functions
are presented to enable inflating cost-related materials
and wages. The data presentedproyides means of es-
timating costs and operating and maintenance require-
ments for a variety of facilities on an average basis, but
do not supplant the need for detailed study of local
conditions or recognition of changing design require-
ments in preparing estimates for specific applications.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Cost analysis, 'Man-
uals, 'Overflows, 'Water pollution, Operating costs,
Storage, Construction costs, Maintenance manage-
ment, Sewage treatment, Industrial plants, Design cri-
teria, Capitalized costs.
PB-266 360/7 PC A21/MF A01
National Canners Association, Berkeley, Calif.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Food
Processing Wastes (6th), Held at Madison, Wis-
consin on April 9-11,1975.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Dec 76,476p EPA/600/2-76/224
Sponsored in part by National Canners Association,
Berkeley, Calif., and Wisconsin Canners and Freezers
Association, Madison.
The Sixth National Symposium on Food Processing
Wastes was co-sponsored with the National Canners
Association and the Wisconsin Canners and Freezers
Association. The primary purpose of these symposia is
the dissemination of the latest research, development
and demonstration information on process modifica-
tions, waste treatment by-product recovery and water
reuse to industry, consultants, and government per-
sonnel. Twenty papers are included in this Proceed-
ings as well as the final registration list.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Food processing,
'Meetings, Food industry, Byproducts, Waste water
reuse, Industrial waste treatment, Recovery, Equip-
ment, Aeration, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts).
PB-266 366/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Benzotrlazoles. Final technical rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Leslie N. Davis, Joseph Santodonato, Philip H.
Howard, and Jitendra Saxena. Feb 77,196p TR-76-
585, EPA/560/2-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-3416
Benzotriazoles are produced in approximately 5-6 mil-
lion pounds per year in the United States. The majority
are used in anticorrosion applications. Approximately
20-30% are used as UV stabilizers, many of which are
2-substituted benzotriazojes. Small amounts are used
for photographic applications. Information on produc-
tion, use, transport and handling, environmental fate,
and toxicity are reviewed. The document contains:
Physical and chemical data-Structure and properties,
and chemistry); Environmental exposure factors--(Pro-
duction, consumption, uses, environmental contami-
nation potential, current handling practice and control
technology, and monitoring and analysis); Health and
environmental effects»(Environmental effects and bio-
logical effects); Regulations and standards-(Current
regulation and concensus and similar standards).
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'Environmental impacts, Chemi-
cal analysis, In vitro analysis, Chemical structure,
Physical properties, Chemical reactions, Corrosion in-
hibitors, Bioassays, Photographic materials, Manufac-
turing, Plastics, Accident prevention, Microorganisms,
Transportation, Storage, Utilization, Materials han-
dling, Monitoring, Public health, Toxicology, Humans,
Malignant neoplasms, Viruses, Laboratory animals,
Biochemistry, Bacteria, Plants(Botany), Fishes, Regu-
lations, Standards, Thermal stability, Azoles, Nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds, 'Benzotriazoles, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB-266 370/6 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Occupational and Environmental Pesticide Expo-
sure Study In South Florida. Environmental health
effects research series,
Miami Univ., Fla. School of Medicine.
John E. Davies. Apr 77,86p EPA/600/1-77/019
Contract EPA-68-02-1760
The investigation was designed to assess the occupa-
tional and environmental exposure to pesticides in
South Florida, an area where pesticides are widely
used. In addition to the conventional approach for
measuring exposure to organophosphates and carba-
mates by means of cholinesterase determination, em-
phasis is given to the study of metabolites of pesti-
cides in urine, the analysis of pesticide residues in
samples of adipose tissue, and the monitoring of air for
pesticide pollution. Attention is focused on the diag-
nostic and epidemiologic potential of certain biologic
and environmental indices, such as the urinary meta-
bolite profile and the concentration of pesticides in air,
which are important with regard to the occupational
health and safety of the worker and the protection of
the general population against incidental exposure to
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic phosphates, 'Carba-
mates, 'Toxicity, Cholinesterase, Florida, Recommen-
dations, Experimental data, Bibliographies, Metabo-
lism, Diagnostic agents, Tables(Data), Epidemiology,
Urine, Toxicology, Tissues(Biology), Monitors, Insecti-
cides, Environmental health, Metabolites, Appendices,
'Occupational safety and health, Pesticide residues,
Air pollution sampling, DEP 2-4 pesticide, Phosphite/
tris((dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl), DMP pesticide.
PB-266 375/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Mobile Source Enforcement Div.
Effect of Automotive Parts on Vehicles and
Engine Emissions. Phase II. After-Market Part*.
Final rept.,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Richard R. Carlson. Mar 77,270p EPA/340/2-76/002
Contract EPA-68-01-1957
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-264 057.
This final report documents the methodology and re-
sults of Phase II of the Investigation of the Effect of
Automotive Parts on Vehicle and Engine Emissions.
This study was performed for the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Mobile Source Enforcement,
under Contract No. 68-01-1957. The primary objective
of this study was to identify engine and emission con-
trol system components which are critical in causing
excessive emissions of one or more regulated pollut-
ants. Phase II of the study investigated the emission-
criticality of after-market equipment not installed or
distributed by the original engine or vehicle manufac-
turers. A computer model was developed to calculate
and rank-order an index representing the criticality of
each component type. Separate rankings were devel-
oped for HC, CO, NOx and smoke (heavy-duty diesel
engines) emissions using three Independent sets of
input data. The index for each component type was
calculated from the product of four factors represent-
ing the emission increase resulting from a component
failure, the probability of component failure, the prob-
ability of component repair, and the sales volume of
the component. The values of these factors were es-
tablished based on data obtained from a search of
technical literature and engineering analysis of system
and component design or operating characteristics.
The study was performed without emission or perform-
ance testing. However, a series of tests on 25 of the
most emission-critical components was recommended
to develop or refine data on emission increases and
symptoms of failure.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Motor ve-
hicle engines, 'Components, Exhaust emissions,
Mathematical models, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Smoke, Diesel engines, Carbure-
tors, Ignition systems, Air intakes, Fuef systems, Fail-
ure, tests, Ranking, Exhaust systems, Methodology,
Heavy duty vehicles, Catalyst reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems).
PB-266 376/3 PC A03/MF A01
The Pittsburgh Air Pollution Episode of November
17-21 1975: Air Quality,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
132 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Douglas W. Baty, Jose M. Sune, and David 0. Hinton.
Feb 77.44p EPA/600/1 -77/014
In November 1975 a serious air stagnation problem
developed over Western Pennsylvania, with extremely
heavy air pollution in the Pittsburgh area. The U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Health Effects Re-
search Laboratory (HERL) mobilized a team of air
monitoring and epidemiologlcal personnel to study the
nature of pollutants and to determine the possible
health effects from this r Dilution. By Wednesday, No-
vember 19, pollution levels reached emergency stage,
as determined by the standards of the Allegheny
County Health Department, with paniculate concentra-
tions measuring7.0 COH/1000 ft. for a 24-hr, average.
HERL sent an EPA Community Health Air Monitoring
Program (CHAMP) mobile monitoring laboratory van
from Research Triangle Park, North Carolina to pro-
vide independent verification of the Allegheny County
monitoring data. School children were tested for pul-
monary function near the site of monitoring facilities.
This report describes and discusses EPA's monitoring
effort during and after the pollution alert.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
'Pennsylvania, Municipalities, Public health, Data ac-
quisition, Hazards, Concentration(Composition), Air
pollution sampling, *Pittsburgh(Pennsylvania), Air pol-
lution episodes.
PC A03/MF A01
River
Bend
PB-266 380/5
Water Quality Water Supply Study Arkansas
Basin John Martin Dam Colorado to Great
Kansas Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
Jan 72.48p
Prepared for Army Engineer District, Albuquerque, N.
Mex.
Reservoir storage for water quality control releases is
not justified. There are several municipalities in the
study area that would benefit from developing a new
source of water supply of a better quality. Groundwater
which presently supplies all municipal systems in the
area is variable in quality and in some cases, is not
suitable for municipal and industrial uses. Heavy pum-
page of groundwater for irrigation has lowered ground-
water table in local areas and mining is occurring. If
this continues at the present rate and is not regulated
the mining will become widespread and result in deple-
tion of groundwater resources. The 'Horse Thief
Canyon Reservoir Project' could satisfy a portion of
water supply demands for communities benefiting from
developing new water supplies of better quality. Limit-
ed groundwater data presently available and uncer-
tainty regarding the future mining of groundwater re-
sources, make it impossible to determine the most
economical source of future municipal and industrial
water supply need.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Water supply, 'Arkan-
sas River Basin, 'Water quality, Ground water, Irriga-
tion, Sources, Municipalities, Demand(Economics),
Mining, Industrial water, Water table, Pumping, Colora-
do, Kansas.
PB-266 382/1 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Sablne
River Basin, Texas and Louisiana.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,19p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution In this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Sabine River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface waters,
Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost estimates,
Corrections, Texas, Louisiana, Priorities.
PB-266 383/9 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Lower
Arkansas River Basin, Arkansas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,20p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
Known sources of pollution In this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Arkansas
River Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface
waters, Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost esti-
mates, Corrections, Arkansas, Priorities.
PB-266 384/7 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Texas
Coastal Waters.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex, South Central Region.
Apr67,25p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Texas,
Coasts, Sources, Maps, Sewage treatment, Ground
water, Surface waters, Cost estimates, Tables(Data),
Mexico Gulf, Corrections, Priorities.
PB-266 385/4 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Louisi-
ana Coastal Waters, Louisiana.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,34p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Louisiana,
Coasts, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Oysters, Shell-
fish, Fishes, Sewage treatment, Corrections, Priorities.
PB-266 386/2 PC A02/WF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Rio
Qrande Basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,19p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, *Rlo Grande
River Basin, Sources, Stream pollution, Corrections,
Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Priorities, Tributaries.
PB-266 367/0 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Pecos
River Basin, New Mexico and Texas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,18p
The purpose of the report Is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution In this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Pecos River,
Sources, Surface waters, Ground water, Stream pollu-
tion, Maps, Sewage treatment, Texas, New Mexico,
Priorities, Tributaries.
PB-266 388/8 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Qalves-
ton Bay Area, Texas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67, 40p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Galveston
Bay, Sources, Maps, Sites, Toxicity, Oxygen, Shellfish,
Cooling water, Algae, Fishes, Recreation, Corrections,
Texas, Priorities.
PB-266 389/8 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Corpus
Christ! Bay Area, Texas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,22p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Corpus
Christ! Bay, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface
waters, Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost esti-
mates, Corrections, Texas, Priorities.
PB-266 390/4 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Lower
Red River Basin, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and
Louisiana.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67, 31 p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Red River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface waters,
Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost estimates,
Corrections, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana,
Priorities.
PB-266 391/2 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, St.
Francis River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,24p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Saint Francis
River Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface
waters, Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost esti-
mates, Corrections, Missouri, Arkansas, Priorities.
PB-266 392/0 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, White
River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Mar67,23p
The purpose of the report Is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'White River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface waters,
Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost estimates,
Corrections, Arkansas, Priorities.
PB-266 393/8 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Upper
Arkansas River Basin, Colorado and Kansas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,25p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Arkansas
River Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface
waters, Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost esti-
mates, Corrections, Colorado, Kansas, Priorities.
December 1983 133
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 394/6 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Upper
Red River Basin, Texas and Oklahoma.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,27p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: *Water pollution abatement, *Red River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Water supply, Surface waters,
Ground water, Sewage treatment, Cost estimates,
Corrections, Texas, Oklahoma, Priorities.
PB-266 395/3 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Grand
(NEOSHO) River Basin, Arkansas, Kansas, Missou-
ri, and Oklahoma.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,23p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Grand River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Ground water, Surface waters,
Cost estimates, Sewage treatment, Corrections, Ar-
kansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Priorities.
PB-266 396/1 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Illinois
River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67,16p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: "Water pollution abatement, 'Illinois River
Basin, Sources, Maps, Ground water, Surface waters,
Sewage treatment, Corrections, Arkansas, Oklahoma,
Cost estimates, Priorities.
PB-266 397/9 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Middle
Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, Kansas, New
Mexico, Oklahoma and Arkansas.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,30p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution in this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Arkansas
River Basin, Sources, Maps, Ground water, Surface
waters, Cost estimates, Sewage treatment, Correc-
tions, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Ar-
kansas, Priorities.
PB-266 398/7 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Cana-
dian River Basin, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklaho-
ma.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr67,32p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of water pollution In this area and to
provide a priority for action to correct existing prob-
lems and to prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Canadian River, Water
pollution abatement, Corrections, Sources, Surface
waters, Sediments, Ground water, New Mexico,
Texas, Oklahoma, Priorities.
PB-266 413/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Researach Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Civ.
Assessment of Environmental Aspects of Urani-
um Mining and Milling. Final rept. 12 Feb-7 Jul 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
A. K. Reed, H. C. Meeks, S. E. Pomeroy, and V. Q.
Hale. Dec 76, 59p EPA/600/7-76/036
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
This research program was initiated with the basic ob-
jective of making a preliminary assessment of the po-
tential environmental impacts associated with the
mining and milling of domestic uranium ores. All forms
of pollution except radiation were considered. The pro-
gram included a review of the characteristics and loca-
tions of domestic uranium ore reserves and a review of
the conventional methods for mining and milling these
ores. Potential environmental impacts associated with
the entire cycle from exploration and mining to recov-
ery and production of yellowcake are identified and
discussed. Land reclamation aspects are also dis-
cussed. The methods currently used for production of
yellowcake were divided into four categories - open pit
mining-acid leach process, underground mining-acid
leach process, underground mining-alkaline leach
process, and in-situ mining. These are discussed from
the standpoint of typical active mills which were visited
during the program. Flowsheets showing specific envi-
ronmental impacts for each category are provided.
Keywords: 'Uranium ores, "Mining, 'Environmental
impacts, Beneficiation, Industrial wastes, Exploration,
Surface mining, Solution mining, Leaching, Land recla-
mation, Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Vegeta-
tion, Mine waters, Tailings, Mills, Site surveys, Re-
serves, Air pollution, Process charting, Uranium indus-
try, Mine wastes, Fugitive dust.
PB-266 424/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Methods for Improvement of Trickling Filter Plant
Performance. Part II. Chemical Addition. Final rept.
1971-72,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
James C. Brown, and Linda W. Little. Jan 77,122p
EPA/600/2-77/012
Contract EPA-14-12-505
See also report dated Aug 73, PB-224 715.
An experimental program to explore potential methods
for removing phosphorus and generally enhancing
trickling filter plant performance was conducted at the
Mason Farm Wastewater Treatment Plant, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. Preliminary investigations included jar
testing with several coagulants ana coagulant aids and
pilot studies to determine the effect of the point of
alum addition on phosphorus removal. Follow-up full-
scale studies utilized the Chapel Hill high-rate trickling
filter plant which consists of two paralleudentical main-
stream trains. From January 25 through October 6,
1972, alum was added to the influent of one final clari-
fier. Alum dosage and influent flow rates to the dosed
train were varied and phosphorus removal, general
plant performance, sludge production, and sludge di-
gestion performance were monitored. Alum addition
effectively removed phosphorus and enhanced overall
plant performance. Optimization of alum precipitation
will require a flow-paced alum feed system, restriction
of average dry weather final settling tank surface load-
ings to 20.4 cu m/day/sq m (500 gpd/sq ft), and inclu-
sion of tertiary fine solids removal facilities. Alum
sludge decreased the alkalinity and pH in the primary
anaerobic digester and led to liquid/solids separation
problems in the secondary digester. Separate facilities
may be necessary for handling alum-humus sludge
from the final settling tank.
Keywords: "Trickling filters, 'Sewage treatment,
'Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), 'Phosphorus,
'Water pollution control, Coagulants, Pilot plants, Alu-
minum sulfate, Performance evaluation, Sludges, Ex-
perimental design, Concentration(Composition),
Design criteria, Biochemical oxygen demand, Process
charting, Circulation, Precipitate(Chemlstry), Solid
wastes, Chapel Hill(North Carolina).
PB-266 42S/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Applications of Advanced Instru-
mental Analyses: Assistance Projects FY 75,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Analytical
Chemistry Branch.
Ann L. Alford. Jan 77,48p EPA/600/4-77/004
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-247 056.
The Analytical Chemistry Branch of the Athens Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory identified and meas-
ured aquatic pollutants under eight projects in re-
sponse to requests for assistance from other EPA or-
ganizations and other government agencies. In most
cases these analyses helped us to solve, or at least to
understand more clearly, the related pollution incident,
and in some cases the analyses provided evidence for
enforcement of regulatory legislation. Under an addi-
tional project, analytical consultations were held as re-
quested by various organizations concerned with pol-
lution incidents. This report was submitted in fulfillment
of Project 16020 GHZ fay the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. Projects discussed were
completed during FY 1975.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Absorption spectra, Photometry, Chemical
analysis, Organic compounds, Industrial wastes, Trace
elements, Fishes, Poultry wastes, Potable water,
Atomic spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, Gas chro-
matography, Mercury, Sea water, Plants(Botany), Soil
analysis, Electric power plants, Neutron activation
analysis, Concentration(Composition), "Water pollu-
tion detection, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB-266 450/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Open Space as an Air Resource Management
Measure. Volume III: Demonstration Plan (St.
Louis, Mo.). Final rept.,
COMSIS Corp., Glastonbury, Conn.
Robert S. DeSanto, Kenneth A. MacGregor, William P.
McMillen, and Richard A. Glaser. Jan 77,151 p H800-
III, EPA/450/3-76/028C
Contract EPA-68-02-2350
See also Volume 2, PB-262 678.
This report is a demonstration plan for St. Louis, Mo.
based on the collection and interpretation of data pre-
sented in the preceding two Volumes; Volume I - Sink
Factors, and Volume II - Design Criteria. Based on the
potential use of a hypothetical planting of street trees
and idealized forest, an open space program is evalu-
ated for St. Louis within the constraints of real world
economics and the environment as it presently exists
in that urbanizing area.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Urban areas,
"Trees(Plants), Urban planning, Forests, Evaluation,
Economic factors, Environmental impacts, Mathemat-
ical prediction, Recommendations, Environmental sur-
veys, Methodology, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Chemical reactions,
Atmospheric diffusion, Cost analysis, Missouri, 'Open
space studies, "Sinks(Biosphere), Air quality mainte-
nance, "Saint Louls(Missouri), Alternatives, Demon-
stration programs.
PB-266 457/1 PC £08
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Toward Clean Water: A Guide to Citizen Action.
Final rept.
Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C.
Aug 76,340D CONFD-04
Grant EPA-T-900442
The study examines the 1972 Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments and its subsequent interpre-
tations. It shows citizen leaders how to help ensure the
most environmentally sound implementation of the law
and examines current legislative proposals that may
alter its basic framework. Also it includes extensive
bibliography and reading list and reproductions of a
number of the most important Federal Register regula-
tions.
Keywords: "Water law, "Water pollution, Potable
water, Citizen participation, Water resources, Legisla-
tion, Regulations, Licenses, Sources, Water quality,
Water supply, Runoff, Sewage treatment, Industrial
waste treatment, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, Water
management(Adminlstratlve).
PB-266 562/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
134 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cattaraugus County, New York, Solid Waste Dis-
posal System. Final rept.
Cattaraugus Coi
augus County Refuse Dept., Little Valley, N.Y.
1977,108pEPA/SW-611d
Grant EPA-S-801774
Prepared by Barton, Brown, Clyde and Loguidice,
Syracuse, N.Y.
This report summarizes the planning and implementa-
tion of a county wide solid waste system for Cattarau-
gus County. The system consists of two sanitary land-
nils and seven converter ce stations. Use of conven-
ience stations is limited to individuals hauling small
amounts of refuse, which is loaded into refuse contain-
ers and transferred to one of the sanitary landfills for
disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'New York, Sanitary
landfills, Refuse disposal, Land use, Cost analysis,
Transportation, Water pollution, Monitors, Rural areas,
Cattaraugus CountyfNew York), Liquid waste disposal,
Waste transfer stations.
PB-266 564/4 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Procedures Manual for Environmental Assess-
ment of Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion Processes.
Final rept. Sep 75-Nov 76,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
H. I. Abelson, and W. A. Lowenbach. Jan 77,455p
EPA/600/7-77/009
Contract EPA-68-02-1859
The document describes recommended procedures
for sampling and analysis, for eventual use by source
testing contractors, in support of the environmental as-
sessment of fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) technol-
ogy. The phased strategy involves two distinct levels
of sampling and analysis. The document addresses
proposed generic units and corresponding case study
units for the following process configurations: (I) At-
mospheric FBC of coal; (II) Pressurized, combined-
cycle FBC of coal; (III) Pressurized, combined-cycle
FBC of coal (adiabatic combustor); and (IV) Chemically
active fluid bed (CAFB) gasification of residual oil. It in-
cludes a compendium of method options, describing
the sampling and analytical state-of-the-art.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Assessments, 'Fluidized bed
processing, 'Coal, 'Residual oils, Air pollution, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sites, Leaching,
Pressure, Tables(Data), Cost analysis, Particles,
Anions, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sor-
bents, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Trace elements, Samples, Materials handling, Air pol-
lution sampling, 'Solid wastes, Combined cycle elec-
tric power generation, Procedures, Chemically active
fluidized bed process.
PB-286 572/7 PC A21/MF A01
Proposed Steam Electric Power Plant, Qeorge
Neal Steam Electric Station, Neal Unit No. 4, Port
Neal Industrial District, Sallx, Woodbury County,
Iowa. Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VIII.
Jan 77,478p EPA/907/9-76/002
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Omaha, Nebr., Envirosphere Co., New York, and Rural
Electrification Administration, Washington, D.C. See
also PB-266 573.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
prepared the statement for the coal-fired, 576
megawatt power plant near Sioux City, Iowa in con-
junction with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
and the rural Electrification Administration (REA). EPA
was responsible as lead agency in the project as a
result of the plant's need for a new source National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit re-
quired under Section 402, Public Law 92-500. The
statement includes analyses of expected impacts
upon air and water quality, water quantity, noise levels,
land use and aesthetics resulting from construction
and operation of the proposed station. Energy source,
Plant siting, facility design and operation alternatives
are described.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements - final, Air pollution, Steam electric
power generation, Water pollution, Noise pollution,
Land use, Esthetics, Construction, Sites, Environmen-
tal Impacts, Design, Coal, Industrial plants, Licenses,
Public law, Iowa, 'George Neal Steam Electric Gener-
ating Station, 'Sioux City(lowa), Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-266 573/5 PC A12/MF A01
Proposed Steam Electric Power Plant, Qeorge
Neal Steam Electric Station, Neal Unit No. 4, Port
Neal Industrial District, Sallx, Woodbury County,
Iowa. Appendix. Final environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Jan 77,268p EPA/907/9-76/002-APP
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Omaha, Nebr., Envirosphere Co., New York, and Rural
Electrification Administration, Washington, D.C. See
also PB-266 572.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
prepared the statement for the coal-fired, 576
megawatt power plant near Sioux City, Iowa In con-
junction with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
and the Rural Electrification Administration (REA).
EPA was responsible as lead agency In the project as
a result of the plant's need for a new source National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit re-
quired under Section 402, Public Law, 92-500. The
statement includes analyses of expected impacts
upon air and water quality, water quantity, noise levels,
land use and aesthetics resulting from construction
and operation of the proposed station. Energy source,
plant siting, facility design and operation alternatives
are described. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible.)
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements - final, Indexes(Documentation), Air
pollution, Steam electric power generation, Water pol-
lution, Noise pollution, Land use, Construction, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Graphs(Charts), Monitoring, Field
tests, Plankton, Fishes, Algae, Reviews, Tables(Data),
Iowa, 'George Neal Steam Electric Generating Sta-
tion, 'Sioux City(lowa), Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-266 574/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Region I.
Papermlll Wastewater Treatment by Mlcrostraln-
Ing. Final rept.,
Strathmore Paper Co., Turners Falls, Mass.
Frederick R. Bliss. Sep 76,130p EPA/800/2-76/252
An original treatment system was designed, construct-
ed, and operated for removal of suspended solids, tur-
bidity, color, and BOD from the wastewaters of two
paper mills which produce technical and other fine
papers. The treatment process involves coagulation
and flocculation followed by microstralning. Space and
cost considerations were of paramount Importance In
selecting this process. Fiber recovery was Investigat-
ed, but was found to be uneconomical because of the
high percentage of fillers being employed and unac-
ceptable levels of color and dirt. The sludge is being
discharged to the municipal sewerage system. Plant
operating efficiencies over the past year Indicated sub-
stantial removal of the suspended solids and 5-day
BOD. Effluent turbidities averaged less than 30 Jack-
son turbidity units (JTU). The estimated construction
cost of the treatment facility Is $689,000. First-year op-
erating costs including wages, power, supplies, chemi-
cals, microfabric, and maintenance totaled $36,175,
which is approximately equivalent to $1.50 per ton of
paper introduced. It is expected that the techniques
used in this operation may have broad applicability to
industries under similar space limitations and using
similar manufacturing methods, and that cooperative
ventures will make it possible for many small firms to
survive when faced with meeting the new crltlera for In-
dustrial wastewater discharges.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Coagulation, •Floccula-
tion, 'Water pollution control, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Industrial waste treatment, Sludges, Process
charting, Design criteria, Turbidity. Color, Papers,
Fibers, Materials recovery, Cost analysis, Performance
evaluation, Filters, 'Mterostrainers, Solid wastes, Ul-
trafilters.
PB-266 582/6 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Wastewater Management Branch.
Treatment of High Strength Meatpacking Plant
Wastewater by Land Application. Final rept. Mar
72-Apr 76,
Texas Univ. at El Paso. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Anthony J. Tarquin. Dec 76,50p EPA/600/2-76/302
Grant EPA-801028
The purpose of this study was to determine the treata-
bility of high strength meatpacking plant wastewater by
land application. Both infiltration and overland flow
type systems were studied at various hydraulic and or-
ganic loading rates. In addition to characterization of
the raw and treated wastewater, laboratory and field
studies were conducted in order to find one or more
grasses which would be suitable for soil cover. Related
Investigations were also made regarding aerosol drift
during high pressure and low pressure distribution,
wastewater characterization from unit processes
within the meatpacking plant, and chemical Ueatability
of unit wastes using ferric chloride. Two warm season
grasses (Bermuda NK-37 and Blue Panicum) and two
cool season grasses (Kentucky-31 Tall Fescue and
Jose Wheatgrass) were shown to grow very well when
irrigated with the meatpacking plant wastewater.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Meat, 'Food processing, 'Irrigation,
Packaging, Slopes, Vegetation, Grasses, Fluid infiltra-
tion, Land use, Soil properties, Nitrogen, Iron chlor-
ides, Land disposal, Meat packing industry, Waste
water reuse, Overland flow, Sewage irrigation, Liquid
waste disposal.
PB-266 596/6 PC A02/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Wolf
River and Nonconnah Creek, Tennessee and Mis-
sissippi, Loosahatchle River, Tennessee.
Federal Water Quality Administration, Dallas, Tex.
South Central Region.
Apr67,18p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Wolf River,
'Nonconnah Creek, 'Loosahatchie River, Sources,
Maps, Sewage treatment, Fishes, Water supply, Rec-
reation, Municipalities, Industries, Tennessee, Missis-
sippi, Priorities.
PB-266 588/2 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
The Swirl Concentrator for Erosion Runoff Treat-
ment Final rept.,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Richard H. Sullivan, Morris M. Cohn, James B. Ure, F.
E. Parkinson, and Paul E. Ziellnski. Dec 76,84p EPA/
600/2-76/271
Contract EPA-68-03-0272
See also report dated Sep 72, PB-214 687.
A device for the partial removal of erosion products In
stormwater runoff has been developed. The swirl con-
centrator as an erosion control device has been de-
signed to concentrate the heavier soils from large
flows. The concentrated underflow of up to 14 percent
of the flow can be directed to a forebay or settling
basin. The device Is circular and for small watersheds
a simple stock watering tank could be used with only
minor modifications. The design of the swirl concentra-
tor as an erosion control device is based upon a hy-
draulic model study and research previously spon-
sored by the City of Lancaster, Pennsylvania and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Into the me-
chanics of secondary motion flow-fields as developed
In the swirl concentrator. This report Is submitted by
the American Public Works Association in partial fulfill-
ment of the contract 68-03-0272 between USEPA and
APWA Research Foundation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Erosion control,
"Concentrators, Separation, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Particle sizes, Graphic methods, Re-
visions, Soil erosion, Stormwater runoff.
December 1983 135
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 619/8 PC A03/MF A01
Immediate Water Pollution Control Needs, Lower
Mississippi River Baaln, Missouri, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Dallas,
Tex. South Central Region.
Apr 67, 30p
The purpose of the report is to focus attention on
known sources of pollution in this area and to provide a
priority for action to correct existing problems and to
prevent future problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mississippi River Basin,
Sources, Water pollution abatement, Sewage treat-
ment, Ground water, Surface waters, Corrections, Mis-
souri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Priorities.
PB-266 649/3 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Effect of Land Disposal Applications of Municipal
Environmental Wastes on Crop Yields and Heavy
Metal Uptake. Final rept. 1969-75,
National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle
Shoals, Ala.
P. M. Giordano, and D. A. Mays. Apr 77,85p EPA/
600/2-77/014
This report provides the cumulative data acquired from
1969 through 1975 from field and greenhouse investi-
gations pertaining to the effects on selected soils and
plants from municipal compost and sewage sludge ap-
plications. Multiple applications of composted munici-
pal refuse resulted in satisfactory crop growth with only
moderate increase of some heavy metals in plant
tissue. In contrast, lower rates of several domestic
sewages resulted in significant uptake of certain
metals, especially in more sensitive species, such as
leafy vegetables and string beans. Plant availability of
metals derived from sewage seems to be related to
product matrix rather than to total metal content. Little
downward movement of heavy metals was observed
under conditions of heavy leaching in the greenhouse
or natural rainfall outdoors.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Metals, 'Sewage disposal,
'Municipalities, Soil properties, Sludge disposal,
Growth, Toxicity, Refuse, Plant tissues, Leaching, Ac-
cumulation, Vegetable crops, Bean plants, Land dis-
posal, Heavy metals.
PB-266 651/9 PC A03/MF A01
Capabilities of the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas. Report for 1970-
76,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Stuart C. Black, and Geneva S. Douglas. Mar 77,39p
EPA/600/9-77/004
This report describes the present and developing ca-
pabilities of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its purpose is to present com-
prehensive Information in concise form to enable users
of the Laboratory's services to more readily determine
the types of technical support available. The Laborato-
ry's present capabilities were developed through per-
formance of research and monitoring projects involv-
ing large and small animal studies; studies of vegeta-
tion and soil; development and application of tech-
niques for monitoring of air, water, and land; analytical
studies, and quality assurance activities. The data
show a 5-fold increase in budget from 1971 to 1976.
Whereas 77 percent of its resources were spent in ra-
diation projects in Fiscal Year 1971, only 31 percent of
its Fiscal Year 1976 funds were devoted to radiation
studies. Indexed tables list the present capabilities by
environmental medium and by pollutant. These are ref-
erenced to scientific and technical reports published or
presented by Laboratory personnel.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Sources, Forecasting,
Monitoring, Tables(Data), Animals, Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Water pollution, Bioassay, Tis-
sues, Vegetation, Radioactive contaminants, Humans,
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Laboratory
equipment, Monitors, Field tests, Quality assurance,
'Environmental monitoring, Nonpoint sources, Las
Vegas(Nevada), Point sources.
PB-266 671/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
X-Ray Analysis of Airborne Asbestos. Interim
Report: Sample Preparation. Report for Oct 74-Oct
76,
Naval Research Lab., Washington, D.C.
M. Fatemi, E. T. Johnson, R. R. Whitlock, L S. Birks,
and J. V. Gilfrich. Mar 77,38p EPA/600/2-77/062
See also report dated Jan 75, PB-241 285.
A measurement technique, suitable for submicrogram
quantities of asbestos, using a combination of fiber
alignment and x-ray diffraction was previously intro-
duced. The x-ray measurement of aligned fibers is a
straightforward operation. However, it nas since been
found that the sample preparation itself depends on
several parameters which need critical control. The
composition of the alignment medium is established as
10-20 ppm (W/V) of parlodion (cellulose nitrate) in dis-
tilled amyl acetate. The effect of filter pore-size has
been shown to be more significant than previously
thought. Fiber losses in the range of 50-80% of total
mass are not unlikely, depending on the fiber size dis-
tribution. Similarly, ultraspnification has been shown to
affect fiber size distribution and subsequent fiber re-
tention by filters. Ambient relative humidity suitable for
alignment of single drops has been established to be
in the range of 35% to 45% at 22C to 20C, respective-
ly. Parameters involved in radio frequency ashing of fil-
ters are also discussed. It is shown that ashing quality
and subsequent dispersion depends on the filter mem-
brane, and improves as this concentration is in-
creased.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, *X ray diffraction, 'Aerosols, X
ray analysis, Alignment, Air pollution, Air filters, Feasi-
bility, Fibers, Concentration(Composition), Design cri-
teria, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, "Air pollution
detection.
PB-266 675/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Effects of Pollutants on Submarine Plant Synecol-
ogy,
Western Washington State Coll., Bellingham.
Maurice A. Dube. Feb 77, 53p EPA/600/3-77/020
Synecolqgy of marine plant communities has been
studied in areas differing in water quality. Major
sources of deterioration of water quality include the
Nooksack River, an oil refinery and an alumina reduc-
tion plant. A method of analysis involving comparisons
of standing crops of species within the communities,
standing crop of groups of morphologically similar spe-
cies, and standing crop of entire communities is de-
scribed. Stable species of the community are distin-
guished as well as those which appear to be indicators
of environmental change. The floaring bull kelp, Ner-
eocystis leutkeana, Is shown to have a depressing
effect on standing crop and on the presence of other
elements of the community. An increased respiration
rate in kelps exposed to aluminum plant effluent was
measured. Physical factors of the environment were
measured. Poorer conditions for growth of algae in the
environs of the aluminum company following its expan-
sion are indicated by the accumulation of silt, the de-
crease in standing crop, and a loss of certain species.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Plant ecology, 'Water
pollution, Noosack River, Biomass, Deterioration,
Growth, Respiration, Phaeophyta, Algae, Water qual-
ity, Industrial wastes, Silts, Maps, Tables(Data),
Summer, GraphsfCharts), Washington(State), 'Nereo-
cystls leutkeana, Standing crops.
PB-266 678/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
An Assessment of Technology for Possible Utili-
zation of Bayer Process Muds. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
B. K. Parekh, and W. M. Goldberger. Dec 76,155p
EPA/600/2-76/301
Grant EPA-R-803760
The program comprised review of technical literature
published from 1940 on subjects related to technology
of processing bauxite, the dewatering and impound-
ment of the mud residues and their possible utilization.
Mud samples were received from the domestic alumi-
na plants for characterization experiments and dewa-
tering studies at Battelle and at the laboratories of the
Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan. It was
concluded from the study that there is no possibility for
utilization of the muds that could significantly affect the
need for impoundment within the near term. However,
improved mud dewatering and methods of impound-
ment appear possible to develop and a program of
joint industry-government demonstration and pilot
projects is recommended. Investigations of the possi-
ble beneficiation of the muds into a raw material sup-
plement in iron making and the possible use of mud as
an absorbent in pollution abatement processes are
also recommended.
Keywords: 'Aluminum oxide, 'Bayer process, "Solid
waste disposal, 'Reclamation, Utilization, Aluminum
ores, Mud, Dewatering, Absorbers(Materials), Iron,
Bauxite, Ponds, Beneficiation, Flocculating, Filtration,
Mine wastes, Red mud.
PB-266 684/0 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Forecasting the Composition and Weight of
Household Solid Wastes Using Input-Output
Techniques. An Executive Summary,
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Spring, Md.
David Kidder. Jan 77,22p* EPA/600/8-77/002
Contract EPA-68-03-0261
See also Volume 1 dated Sep 76, PB-257 499 and
Volume 2, PB-257 500 for full report.
An input-output model based on transactions among
industries and other sectors of the economy is pre-
sented for assessing household solid waste composi-
tion and quantity. The various adjustments and as-
sumptions to exercise the model are explained along
with its basic concept of 'path products' for estimation
of household solid waste. The model is tested with in-
dustry production data and projects the household
waste producing inputs for 1985.
Keywords: 'Solid wastes, 'Economic analysis, 'Fore-
casting, Materials recovery, Waste disposal, Compo-
nents, Weight(Mass), Mathematical prediction,
Models, Estimates, Input, Output, Residential build-
ings, Industrial engineering, Input output analysis,
'Household wastes.
PB-266 692/3 PCA15/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
User Handbook for the Allocation of Compliance
Monitoring Resources. Final rept.,
Systems Control, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
G. Paul Grimsrud, E. John Finnemore, Wendy J.
Winkler, Ronnie N. Patton, and Arthur I. Cohen. Dec
76, 330p EPA/600/5-76/012
Contract EPA-68-01-2232
See also report dated Sep 75, PB-245 411.
This report is designed as a handbook specifically ori-
ented to environmental planners and managers. It pre-
sents the development and successful demonstration
of hand and computerized procedures for the design
of effluent compliance monitoring budgetary resources
so as to minimize environmental damage, the original
technical development of these procedures is given in
a companion report, 'Quantitative Methods for Effluent
Compliance Monitoring Resources Allocation,' EPA-
600/5-75-015. Both the computerized and hand calcu-
lation procedures are demonstrated to function satis-
factorily using data supplied by the State of Michigan.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Water quality, 'Moni-
toring, Sewage treatment, Regulations, Legislation,
Government policies, National government, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Sampling, Standards,
Services, Experimental design, Data processing, Sta-
tistical analysis, Computation, Cost analysis, Manage-
ment planning, Computer programs, Fortran, "Water
pollution sampling, 'Sewage treatment effluent,
EFFMON computer program, UNIVAC 1108 comput-
ers, FORTRAN 5 programming language.
PB-266 693/1 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Backwash of Granular Filters Used In Wastewater
Filtration. Final rept. 1 Sep 71-31 May 76,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
J. L. Cleasby, and E. R. Baumann. Apr 77,384p EPA/
600/2-77/016
136 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-802140
The use of deep granular filters In waste treatment is of
growing importance. The key to long-term operating
success of such filters is proper bed design and ade-
quate bed cleaning during backwashing. Cleaning
granular filters by water backwash alone to fluidize the
filter bed is inherently a weak cleaning method be-
cause particle collisions do not occur In a fluidized bed
and thus abrasion between the filter grains is negligi-
ble. Due to the inherent weakness of water backwash-
ing cited above, auxilie -y means of improving filter bed
cleaning are essential for wastewater filters. Three
auxiliary methods were compared in a wastewater pilot
filtration study. The most effective backwash was pro-
vided by air scour and water backwash simultaneously
at subfluidization velocities. The other two methods,
to water fluidization wash were about comparable in
effectiveness. The performance of coarse sand, dual-,
and triple-media filters was compared, and the back-
washing routines appropriate for each media are dis-
cussed. A number of investigations concerning the
design and backwashing of dual media filters are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Sewage filtration, 'Fluid filters, 'Granular
materials, 'Backwashing, Suspended solids, Design,
Cleaning, Performance evaluation.
PB-266 695/6 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Sludge Management: EPA Construction
Grants Program. An Overview of the Sludge Man-
agement Situation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Apr 76,68p* EPA/430/9-76/009, EPA/MCD-30
Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments pf 1972 (PL 92-500), Congress authorized EPA
$18 billion in grant authority to help municipalities con-
struct publicly owned wastewater treatment works
through fiscal year 1977. An Integral part of almost any
wastewater treatment plant is the sludge management
system. This publication draws together a quick sum-
mary of available information on municipal sewage
sludge production and alternatives for the disposal/utl-
Hzation of municipal sewage sludge production and
OWPO activities in this area.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Construction, 'Grants,
Municipalities, Management, Utilization, Incinerators,
Ocean environments, Substitutes, Production, Land
use, Reviews, Environmental impacts, Cost analysis,
Residues, 'Ocean waste disposal.
PB-266 702/0 PC A09/MF A01
United States-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
[rom Municipal and Industrial Sources.
USA/USSR Symposium on Physical/Chemical
Treatment from Municipal and Industrial Sources
(2nd) Held at the Tan Center, Cincinnati, Ohio on
November 12-14,1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Nov75,177p
Sponsored under the auspices of the USA-USSR
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
[rom Municipal and Industrial Sources. Errata sheets
inserted.
The second cooperative USA/USSR symposium on
"he physical-chemical treatment of waste waters from
municipal and Industrial sources was held In Cincin-
nati, Ohio. The sixteen papers that were presented at
•he symposium (nine US and seven USSR) are reprint-
•d in English in this volume.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
"Hmt, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Meetings, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Wastewater, Petroleum Industry,
oxidation, Paper industry, Cyanides, Iron and steel In-
dustry, Phenols, Polyelectrolytes, Benefit cost analy-
sis, Coke, USSR, United States.
PB-266 703/8 PC A05/MF A01
United States-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
from Munlclpaland Industrial Sources.
USA/USSR Symposium on Intensification of Blo-
Chemlcal Treatment of Wastewaters (3rd) Held at
Vodgeo Headquarters, Moscow, USSR on 23-24
August 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Aug 76,92p
Sponsored under the auspices of the USA-USSR
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
from Municipal and Industrial Sources.
The third cooperative USA/USSR symposium on the
Intensification of Bio-chemical Treatment of
Wastewaters from Municipal and Industrial Sources
was held in Moscow USSR at the Vodgeo headquar-
ters on August 24 through 25,1976. The fifteen papers
that were presented at the symposium (seven US and
eight USSR) are reprinted in English in this volume.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Meetings, Aer-
Keyworos: -Acuvatea siuage process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Meetings, Aer-
ation, Municipalities, Waste water, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Microorganism
control(Sewage), pH, Filtration, Aerobic processes,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Clarification, USSR,
I In!»*kj4 Gtatao
United States.
PB-266 716-SET PC E09
Cost Estimates for Construction of Publicly-
Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities, 1976
Needs Survey, Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
10 Feb 77,474p-in 3v
Set includes PB-266 717 thru PB-266 719.
No abstract available.
PB-266 717/8 PC A06/MF A01
Cost Estimates for Construction of Publicly-
Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities, 1976
Needs Survey. Volume 1. Cost rept. for 1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
James A. Chamblee. 10 Feb 77,86p' EPA/430/9-76/
010.MCD-48A
See also report dated 10 Feb 75, PB-257 682.
Also available In set of 3 reports, PC E09, PB-266 716-
SET.
This report Is submitted in compliance with the provi-
sions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (FWPCA), P.L. 92-500, Sections
205(a) and 516(b) (2). Included in this report are a de-
tailed estimate of the cost of construction of all needed
publicly-owned treatment works In all of the States and
the cost of construction of all needed publicly-owned
treatment works In each of the States, to meet the
1983 goals of the FWPCA. The cost estimates pre-
sented In this Survey may serve as a basis for Con-
gressional allotment of funds in accordance with the
provisions of the Act
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Public utilities, 'Con-
struction engineering, 'Construction, 'Water pollution
control, Cost estimates, Surveys, States(Unlted
States), Public administration, Federal assistance pro-
grams, Sewers, Storm sewers, Combined sewers,
Management planning, Grants, Tables(Data), Popula-
tion growth, Water quality, Mathematical prediction,
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1872, Environmental Protection Agency, Sewage
treatment plants.
PB-266 718/6 PC A05/MF A01
Coat Estimates for Construction of Publicly-
Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Volume
2. Summaries of Technical Data Categories I-IV.
1976 Needs Survey. Technical rept. for 1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
James A. Chamblee. 10 Feb 77,87p* EPA/430/9-76/
011.MCD-48B
See also Volume 1, PB-266 717.
Also available in set of 3 reports, PC E09, PB-266 716-
SET.
This Technical Report Is a part of the 1976 Needs
Survey report and is a supplement to the Cost Esti-
mate Report to the Congress. It provides summaries of
detailed technical and cost data reported In the Survey
for Categories I through IV. Appendix I provides a de-
scription of the conduct of the 1976 Needs Survey as
follows: Category I - Secondary Treatment and Best
Practicable Wastewater Treatment Technology; Cate-
gory II - More Stringent Treatment; Category IIIA - Infil-
tration/Inflow Correction; Category IIIB - Sewer
System Replacement and/or Major Rehabilitation;
Category IVA - New Collectors and Appurtenances;
Category V - Correction of Combined Sewer Overflow;
Category VI - Treatment and/or Control of Stormwater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Public utilities, 'Con-
struction, 'Water pollution control, 'Cost engineering,
Cost estimates, Surveys, States(United States), Public
administration, Federal assistance programs, Sewers,
Management planning, Grants, Mathematical predic-
tion, Tables(Data), Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, Environmental Protection
Agency, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-266 719/4 PC A18/MF A01
Cost Estimates for Construction of Publicly-
Owned Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Volume
3. Summaries of Technical Data for Combined
Sewer Overflows and Stormwater Discharge. 1976
Needs Survey. Technical rept. for 1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
James A. Chamblee. 10 Feb 77,401 p* EPA/430/9-
76/012.MCD-48C
See also Volume 2, PB-266 718.
Also available in set of 3 reports, PC E09, PB-266 716-
SET.
The 1976 Needs Survey for Category V (correction of
combined sewer overflows) and Category VI (treat-
ment and/or control of Stormwater discharges) was
developed using a well defined, consistent nationwide
methodology. The Needs Survey developed current
and 1990 capital and annual operation and mainte-
nance cost estimates to attain three water quality crite-
ria: Aesthetics, Fish & Wildlife and Recreation. A com-
puter model, called the Needs Estimation Model for
Urban Runoff, was developed from intensive work with
the literature of a detailed analysis of ten specific ur-
banized areas. The model calculates the combined
sewer and Stormwater control needs for each urban-
ized area. These estimates are then summed on a
state and territory basis to provide the national esti-
mated needs for Categories V & VI. The methodology
provides a reasonable and well defined estimate of the
eligible costs for water quality control required by com-
bined sewer overflows and Stormwater runoff.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment. 'Public utilities, 'Con-
struction, 'Cost engineering, 'Water pollution control,
Cost estimates, Surveys, States(United States), Fed-
eral assistance programs, Sewers, Combined sewers,
Storm sewers, Surface water runoff, Management
planning. Grants, Mathematical prediction,
Tablespata), Computer programs, Fortran, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Sewage treatment
plants, NEMUR computer program.
PB-266 731/9 PC A03/MF A01
Manual of References (Regulations, Guidance,
Procedures). Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works Construction Grants Program. Supplement
Number 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jan77,36pEPA/MCD-02.3
See also Supplement no. 2, PB-266 730.
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives issued after the Manual of Refer-
ences, MCD-02, was published. This represents the
third In a series of Program Requirements Memoranda.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution abatement, Municipalities,
Manuals, Policies, Construction, Grants, Prelect plan-
ning, Regulations, Safety, Handbooks.
PB-266 739/2 PC A04/MF A01
Calculation of Selected Photolytlc Rate Constanta
over a Diurnal Range. A Computer Algorithm,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Kenneth L. Schere, and Kenneth L. Demerjian. Mar 77,
73p EPA/600/4-77/015
December 1983 137
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A computer program has been created and is de-
scribed herein which employs the theoretical formula-
tion of the photolytic rate constant to calculate these
rate constants for specific chemical species over a di-
urnal time period in clear-sky conditions. A user of the
program must specify the date, time and location for
which the rate constants are desired. With this infor-
mation and specific data on zenith angles, solar irradi-
ance, and species characteristics of absorption cross-
sections and primary quantum yields, which are pro-
vided in the program package, the computer program
generates a diurnal range of photolytic rate constants
for each species. The species included are N02, O3,
HONO, HONO2, H2CO, CH3CHO, and H2O2. The ap-
pendices to this report contain program and data list-
Ings as well as a User's Guide to program operation.
The program-generated photolytic rate constants for
N02 are compared to direct measurements of this
quantity as taken at Research Triangle Park, N.C.
during April 1975. The two methods are generally in
close agreement after the theoretically computed rate
constants are scaled by a simplistic method for the
compensation of solar radiation attention by clouds.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, *Air pollution, •Atmos-
pheric modeling, Photochemical reactions, Mathemat-
ical models, Computerized simulation, Computer pro-
grams, Diurnal variations, Smog, Nitrogen dioxide,
Ozone, Nitrous acid, Nitric acid, Formaldehyde, Hydro-
gen peroxide, Acetaldehyde, Fortran, Aerosols, Algo-
rithms, 'Rate constants.
PB-266 743/4 PC A04/MF A01
Diurnal Variations In Traffic Flow and Carbon
Monoxide Concentrations. Report for Mar 76-Feb
77,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. Apr 77,60p EPA/600/4-77/016
Traffic count and carbon monoxide (CO) data for Janu-
ary and July from three states are compared in order to
reveal any diurnal variations in the two measurements.
The diurnal patterns for the 18 traffic count stations in-
dicate that there are average patterns of traffic flow
that are representative of all stations for periods of one
month. Comparisons of data for the 36 CO monitoring
stations show correlations which vary from large posi-
tive to large negative. However, eliminating a few mon-
itoring stations which show relatively poor correlations
yields groups within each state that have consistent
patterns. The diurnal variations in CO concentrations
are not well correlated with traffic patterns. Part of the
poor correlation appears to be due to the diurnal vari-
ations in vertical mixing and wind speeds and part to
the exposures and locations of the sampling instru-
ments.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Traffic surveys, Diur-
nal variations, Concentration(Composition), Air pollu-
tion, Correlation, Wind velocity, Sites, Monitoring, 'Air
pollution sampling.
PB-266 756/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
An Objective Analysis Technique for the Regional
Air Pollution Study. Part II. Final rept.,
Control Data Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.
D. Hovland, D. Dartt, and K. Gage. Feb 77,59p EPA/
600/4-77/002b
Contract EPA-68-02-1827
See also Parti, PB-266 255.
This report discusses the application of objective anal-
ysis techniques to the computation of trajectories from
surface wind observations of the Regional Air Pollution
Study in St. Louis. Trajectories were computed over a
100-Kilometer square grid centered on St. Louis for
two 5-hour periods dunng July 1975. The variability of
the surface wind field was investigated by examining
the temporal and spatial variability of computed trajec-
tories. Also, the sensitivity of the computed trajectories
to the amount of data employed in the analysis was ex-
amined in some detail. The results showed a general
lack of sensitivity of the computed trajectories to a
single missing observation. However, computed trajec-
tories were very sensitive to missing adjacent observa-
tions. In addition to the trajectory analysis, a set of
tapes containing gridded winds and temperatures for
the St. Louis area were generated.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Air pollution,
'Wlnd(Meteorology), Atmospheric motion, Mathemat-
ical models, Trajectories, Grids(Coordinates), Comput-
er programs, Missouri, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), 'Air
quality.
PB-266 776/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lakes Ouachlta, Hamilton, and Catherine; Mont-
gomery, Garland, and Hot Spring Counties, Arkan-
sas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,113p Working Paper-483
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Ouachita, 'Lake
Hamilton, 'Lake Catherine, Surveys, Nutrients, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water biology,
Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream flow,
Tables(Data), Assessments, Arkansas, 'Water quality
data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic loadings,
'Montgomery County (Arkansas), 'Garland
County(Arkansas), 'Hot Spring County(Arkansas).
PB-266 777/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Greer's Ferry Reservoir, Van Buren and Cleburne
Counties, Arkansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,59p Working Paper-487
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Greers Ferry Reservoir,
Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Yables(Data), Assessments, Arkan-
sas, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loadings, 'Van Buren
County(Arkansas), Cleburne County(Arkansas).
PB-266 779/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Nlmrod Lake, Perry and Yell Counties, Arkansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,46p Working Paper-490
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Nimrod Lake, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Arkansas, 'Water
quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic
loadings, Perry County(Arkansas), Yell
County(Arkansas).
PB-266 780-SET PC E11
Federal Guidelines: State and Local Pretreatment
Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jan 77, 855p-in 3v
Set includes PB-266 781 thru PB-266 783.
No abstract available.
PB-266 781/4 PC A09/MF A01
Federal Guidelines: State and Local Pretreatment
Programs. Volume I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jan 77,196p* EPA/430/9-76/017a, EPA/MCD-43-
Vol-1
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-266 780-
SET.
These guidelines were developed by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in accordance with Section
304(f) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500) for the purpose of
assisting States and municipalities in carrying out pro-
grams under Section 402 including NPDES permit re-
quirements. The guidelines are a revision of the previ-
ous guidelines, 'Pretreatment of Pollutants Introduced
Into Publicly Owned Treatment Works.' Contained in
this revision is additional technical information on pol-
lutants which may interfere with or pass through pub-
licly owned treatment works. Also, guidance is pre-
sented to assist State and local governments in devel-
oping their own pretreatment programs to comply with
NPDES permit conditions.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water pollution abatement, Guidelines, National gov-
ernment, Project planning, State government, Local
government, Municipalities, Licenses, Industrial
wastes, Waste water, Monitoring, Regulations,
'Pretreatment(Water), 'Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-266 782/2 PC A11/MF A01
Federal Guidelines: State and Local Pretreatment
Programs. Volume II. Appendixes 1-7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jan 77, 240p* EPA/430/9-76/017b, EPA/MCD-43-
Vol-2
See also Volume 1, PB-266 781.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-266 780-
SET.
These guidelines were developed by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in accordance with Section
304(f) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500) for the purpose of
assisting States and municipalities in carrying out pro-
grams under Section 402 including NPDES permit re-
quirements. The guidelines are a revision of the previ-
ous guidelines, 'Pretreatment of Pollutants Introduced
Into Publicly Owned Treatment Works.' Contained In
this revision is additional technical information on pol-
lutants which may interfere with or pass through pub-
licly owned treatment works. Also, guidance is pre-
sented to assist State and local governments in devel-
oping their own pretreatment programs to comply with
NPDES permit conditions.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water pollution abatement, Guidelines, National gov-
ernment, Project planning, State government. Local
government, Municipalities, Licenses, Industrial
wastes, Waste water, Regulations, Monitoring,
Tables(Data), Industrial plants, *Pretreatment(Water),
'Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972.
PB-266 783/0 PC A19/MF A01
Federal Guidelines: State and Local Pretreatment
Programs. Volume III. Appendix 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
138 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jan 77,419p* EPA/430/9-76/017C, EPA/MCD-43-
Vol-3
See also Volume 2, PB-266 782.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-266 780-
SET.
These guidelines were developed by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in accordance with Section
304(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (P.L 92-500) for the purpose of
assisting States and municipalities in carrying out pro-
grams under Section 402 Including NPDES permit re-
quirements. The guide! ,tes are a revision of the previ-
ous guidelines, 'Pretreatment of Pollutants Introduced
Into Publicly Owned Treatment Works.' Contained in
this revision is additional technical information on pol-
lutants which may interfere with or pass through pub-
licly owned treatment works. Also, guidance is pre-
sented to assist State and local governments in devel-
oping their own pretreatment proyrams to comply with
NPDES permit conditions.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water pollution abatement, Guidelines, National gov-
ernment, Project planning, State government, Local
government, Municipalities, Licenses, Industrial
wastes, Waste water, Regulations, Monitoring, Indus-
trial plants, Tables(Data), *Pretreatment(Water), 'Fed-
eral Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-266 78S/S PC A24/MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
May 77,565p* EPA/340/1-77/011
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-256 653.
This report is the third in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents of this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not intended to rep-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those
facilities of interest to the states or the Agency for fur-
ther investigation. (Portions of this document are not
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Industries,
'Combustion products, Sources, Standards,
States(United States), Regions, Tables(Data), 'Stand-
ards compliance, 'Stationary sources, National ambi-
ent air quality standards, Implementation air pollution
planning program.
PB-266 788/9 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
vegas, Nev.
Grand Lake, Chlcot County, Arkansas. Final rept.
1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77, 24p Working Paper-488
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., dreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, Arkansas National
Guard, Little Rock, and Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
'he lake were estimated and subdivided according to
wther point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Grand Lake, Surveys.
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates. Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
nxxtels, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
"Otogy, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
now, Tables(Data), Assessments, Arkansas, 'Water
Quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic
loadings, 'Chicot County(Arkansas).
£8-266 789/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Millwood Reservoir, Hempstead, Howard, Little
River, and Sevler Counties, Arkansas. Final rept.
1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,60p Working Paper-489
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, Arkansas National
Guard, Little Rock, and Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Millwood Reservoir, Sur-
veys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Sulfates, Concentration(Compositionj, Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Yables(Data), Assessments, Arkan-
sas, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loadings, Hempstead
County(Arkansas), Howard County(Arkansas), Little
River County(Arkansas), Sevier County(Arkansas).
PB-266 797/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Phthallc Anhydride (Air
Emissions). Final rept. Jan 75-Apr 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. W. Serth, and T. W. Hughes. Dec 76,160p EPA/
600/2-76/032d
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report gives results of an analysis of atmospheric
(air) emissions from ortho-xylene- and naphthalene-
based phthalic anhydride manufacturing plants. Un-
controlled and controlled emission factors are given
for each species emitted to the atmosphere from each
source within a typical plant, based on the latest data
available. Emissions data are used to calculate three
factors designed to quantify the hazard potential of the
emissions: (1) source severity (the ratio of maximum
mean ground-level concentration of a pollutant to the
concentration which constitutes an incipient health
hazard), (2) the industry contribution to total atmos-
pheric emissions of criteria pollutants, and (3) the pop-
ulation exposed to high contaminant levels from a rep-
resentative plant. Detailed process descriptions and
flow sheets are presented for the BASF fixed-bed
ortho-xylene process and the Badger-Sherwin-Wil-
liams fluid-bed naphthalene process. Present and
future aspects of pollution control technology in the in-
dustry are discussed, including a number of possible
process modifications. Economic and production
trends in the phthalic anhydride industry and in each of
the industries that are major consumers of phthalic an-
hydride are analyzed. Water-related emissions are to
be discussed in a future, separate report.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution control,
'Assessments, 'Phthalic anhydride, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sources, Xylenes, Naphtha-
lene, Process charting, Design criteria, Revisions,
Forecasting, Manufacturing, Aerosols, Particles,
Chemical reactions, Concentration(Composition), Oxi-
dation, Air pollution sampling.
PB-266 817/6 Not available NTIS
Pb: In Search ol the Facts. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Robert R. Kinnison. 1976,10p EPA/600/J-76/051
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v10
n7 0644-649 Jul 76.
The overview addresses the biological Impact of lead
— its environmental transport to man and its effect on
man - and serves as a guide to the best sources of in-
formation currently available. Topics on chemistry,
analytical techniques, and measurement problems are
not included except where they are incorporated in a
biologically oriented presentation. ,
Keywords: 'Lead poisoning, 'Bibliographies, Reviews,
Lead(Metal), Air pollution, Toxicology, Trace elements,
Food chains, Soils, Vegetable crops, Humans, Indus-
trial medicine, Exposure, Tissues(Siology), Deposition,
Metabolism, Biochemistry, Seasonal variations, Epi-
demiology, Reprints, 'Environmental health, Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Bioaccumulation, Environmental
transport.
PB-266 818/4 PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring Groundwater Quality. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
G. B. Morgan, E. A. Schuck, and L. G. McMillion. 1977,
5p EPA/600/J-77/008
Pub. In Water Quality Bulletin 2:1, p11 -14 Jan 77.
Recently, the United States Congress enacted laws
that provide for protection and monitoring of ground-
water quality. Many attempts to monitor groundwater
quality have shown that such monitoring is usually
costly and difficult because groundwater is relatively
inaccessible and the chemical behavior of pollutants in
the subsurface is very complex. In response, a moni-
toring methodology has been developed under spon-
sorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
This methodology has excellent potential for applica-
tion at state and local levels of government. The meth-
odology is briefly discussed and the published reports
that contain details on it are summarized and refer-
enced.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Water quality, Monitoring,
Water pollution, Sewage, Agricultural wastes, Industri-
al wastes, Mining, Reprints, 'Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB-266 819/2 PC A02/MF A01
Future Trends In Environmental Monitoring and
Instrumentation. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
George B. Morgan. 1977,7p EPA/600/J-77/006
Pub. in Instrumentation technology 24:2, p33-40 Feb
Future trends in environmental monitoring and instru-
mentation will reflect the growing need to measure
total exposure of critical receptors to specific pollut-
ants. This paper describes the major monitoring objec-
tives expected and the design criteria for developing
and implementing monitoring systems to meet these
objectives. It deals with requirements for air and water
monitoring systems as well as those for integrated
monitoring, biological monitoring, personnel exposure
monitoring, and remote monitoring systems which will
be needed in the immediate future. It describes the
analytical laboratory support that will be required for
measuring such pollutants as respiratory irritants, or-
ganic compounds, and inorganic compounds as well
as for the routine elemental analysis now commonly
provided. Finally, it discusses the need for a well-de-
signed quality assurance program and the role of such
a program in providing data that are legally and scien-
tifically defensible.
Keywords: 'Measuring Instruments, Forecasting, Mon-
itoring, Design criteria, Remote sensing, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Quality assurance, In-
dustrial hygiene, Dosimeters, Chemical analysis, Parti-
cles, Reprints, 'Environmental monitoring, Water pol-
lution detection, Air pollution detection, Indoor air pol-
lution.
PB-266 820/0 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Half-Lite of Tritium In Chickens and
Eggs. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
A. L. Mullen, A. A. Moghissi, R. E. Stanley, S. R. Lloyd,
and P. A. Fort. 18 Aug 75,5p EPA/600/J-76/050
Pub. in Health Physics, v30 p310-311 Mar 76.
Previous studies of tritium transport in the environment
suggest that although water is the main route for
human intake, other routes should not be ignored. The
importance of eggs as a step in the pathway for human
Intake of tritium was assessed by intravenously admin-
istering a single dose of tritiated water to 50 white
Leghorn laying hens. Blood samples and eggs were
collected from the hens for the next 17 days. The eggs
were separated Into the yolk and white portions and all
samples were analyzed for both free water and organi-
cally bound tritium. Tritium in the blood decreased with
a 4.60 plus or minus 0.26 day half-life. No significant
differences were observed for the tritiated free water
December 1983 139
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
obtained from the white or yolk portion of the eggs.
The peak activity in eggs occurred one day following
administration and decreased with an average half-life
of 3.65 plus or minus 0.26 days. Tritium incorporated
into the organic components of egg white and yolk
reached peak levels of activity at six and eight days re-
spectively and then decreased with essentially the
same half-life as the free water portion.
Keywords: 'Tritium, 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Chickens,
'Food chains, 'Health physics, Eggs, Half life, Radi-
ation dosage, Parenteral infusions, Exposure, Experi-
mental data, Reprints, Environmental transport, Bio-
logical half life, Radioecology.
PB-266 821/8 PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration,
Washington, D.C.
Absorption, Distribution and Milk Secretion of Ra-
dlonuclldss by the Dairy Cow - V. Radlotungsten.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
A. L Mullen, E. W. Bretthauer, and R. E. Stanley. 20
Mar 72, 1 Dp EPA/600/ J-76/049
Contract AT(26-1)-539
Pub. in Health Physics, v31 p417-424 Nov 76.
In a study conducted in 1969 and 1970 lactating cows
were given oral or intravenous (I.V.) doses of radio-
tungsten. Blood, milk, urine and feces were collected
ancf analyzed to measure transfer rate and quantity of
tungsten eliminated over an extended period during
ana after exposure. The average per cent of adminis-
tered dose secreted per liter of milk at peak activity
was 0.01 and 0.1 for the groups receiving oral and I.V.
doses, respectively. During the 84-hr period after
dosing, 79% of the orally administered dose was re-
covered, with 64% recovered in the feces, 14.6% in
urine and 0.4% in milk. In the same time period, 68%
of the intravenous dose was recovered with 65% in
urine, 2% jn the milk, and less than 1% in feces.
Tissue distribution results indicate the principal sites of
short-term radio-tungsten deposition were skin, liver
and soft tissue. Long-term retention sites in mature
cows were bone, muscle and skin. Long-term retention
sites in calves were bone, adrenal, skin and spleen.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radioactive isotopes,
'Tungsten isotopes, "Dairy cattle, 'Food chains,
Absorption(Biology), Radiation dosage, Deposition,
Tissues(Biology), Body fluids, Milk, Experimental data,
Bioassay, Ingestion(Biology), Parenteral infusions, Re-
prints, Environmental transport, Bioaccumulation, Ra-
dioecology.
PB-266 822/6 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Radiation Environment of Growth Chambers.
Journal article,
American Society for Horticultural Science, Mount
Vemon, Va. Growth Chamber Committee.
T. W. Tibbitts, J. C. McFarlane, D. T. Drizek, W. L.
Berry, and P. A. Hammer. 1976,9p EPA/600/J-76/
052
Pub. in J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101(2) p164-170 1976.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
Radiation measurements with different types of meters
in several controlled environment facilities have been
compiled to demonstrate the problems associated
with insuring uniform radiation levels in separate facili-
ties. Data are provided for a quantum meter, three pho-
tometers, a pyranometer and a far-red energy meter.
Significant variations in total radiant energy in cham-
bers under similar photosyntheticalry active radiation
(PAR) levels were demonstrated. Measurement of
light under cool white fluorescent and incandescent
lighting with calibrated photometers from different
manufacturers, varied by 20%. Greater variation oc-
curred when photometers measurements were com-
pared under different types of lamps. One of the most
significant variations in different chambers was the in-
tensity of incandescent radiation. This could only be
effectively monitored and controlled wrth the far-red
sensor. The study documents the need for calibration
of instruments under the same type of light source that
is utilized in the growth chambers and for the use of
more than one type of sensing instrument to quantify
the radiation that controls plant growth.
Keywords: 'Test chambers, 'Radiation measuring in-
struments, *Light(Visible radiation), Controlled atmos-
pheres, Illuminance, Sensitivity, Calibrating, Plant
growth, Standards, Incandescence, Reprints.
PB-266 823/4 PC A02/MF A01
A Study of the Partlculate and Gaseous Emissions
of Tritium from Neutron Generator Targets. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Henry Kocol, D. N. McNeils, and A. A. Moghissi. 12 Jun
75,6p EPA/600/J-76/054
Pub. in Health Physics, v31 n1 p73-76 Jul 76.
Neutron generator targets are prepared by adsorption
of elemental tritium on titanium or zirconium film on a
copper backing. The stability of tritium on the target
depends on the ability of Ti or Zr to form stable hy-
drides (tritides) resulting in chemical compounds
rather than a mere physical absorption of the gas. This
chemical stability presumably is also the cause of the
tritium being released in particulate form. In the
present study neutron generator targets were exam-
ined to determine the extent of particulate and gas-
eous emission of tritium. To determine whether deu-
teron bombardment of the targets may affect the tri-
tium emissions, both new and used targets were stud-
ied.
Keywords: 'Particle accelerator targets, 'Tritium,
'Emission spectra, Particulates, Neutron sources, Re-
prints.
PB-266 824/2 PC A02/MF A01
Tracking Pollutants from a Distance. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
S. H. Melfi, John D. Koutsandreas, and John Moran.
1977,6p EPA/600/J-77/007
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, vl 1
n1p36-38Jan77.
Describes use of laser techniques and remote sensing
for air and water pollution monitoring.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Monitors, 'Remote sensing,
'Optical radar, Particles, Plumes, Trajectories, Laser
beams, Fluorescence, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Thermal pollution, Particulates, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Water pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-266 827/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sorbent Selection for the CAFB Residual Oil Gasi-
fication Demonstration Plant. Final task rept. Apr
75-Mar 76,
Westinghouse Research Labs., Pittsburgh, Pa.
E. P. O'Neill, D. L. Keairns, and M. A. Alvin. Mar 77,
29p EPA/600/7-77/029
Contract EPA-68-02-2142
The report gives results of evaluations of limestones
from Texas and Mexico as candidate sulfur sorbents
for the chemically active fluid-bed (CAFB) gasification
demonstration plant at San Benito, Texas. Preliminary
laboratory tests show that three limestones quarried In
Texas and one quarried in Mexico should be suitable
sorbents, based on availability, chemical characteriza-
tion, physical characterization, attrition behavior, and
chemical reactivity as sulfur sorbents. Current sorbent
selection criteria are being refined.
Keywords: 'Calcium oxides, 'Fluidlzed bed process-
ing, 'Air pollution control equipment, Electric power
plants, Limestone, Texas, Mexico, Sorbents, Chemical
analysis, Sulfur, Trace elements, Gasification, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical reactivity, Residual oils, Coal,
•Chemically active fluid bed process.
PB-266 842/4 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Technical Manual for Inorganic Sampling and
Analysis. Final rept. Feb-Dec 76,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
R. F. Maddalone, and S. C. Quinllvan. Jan 77,334p*
EPA/600/2-77/024
Contract EPA-68-02-1412
The manual presents the state-of-the-art of inorganic
sampling and analysis (ISA) procedures in a standard-
ized format that makes the methodology readily availa-
ble to professionals in the field. Because of the
breadth of ISA, a system was developed to avoid bury-
ing specific methods in narrative. This design concept
makes the techniques of sampling and analysis easily
accessible, while providing a comprehensive cross-
referenced indexed of process stream and chemical
test situations and procedures. The sampling and anal-
ysis procedures in this manual are compatible with en-
vironmental assessment and process measurement
activities. The intent of this manual is to provide a com-
pilation of methods applicable to these activities. The
methods included in this manual are generally proven
procedures from standard reference sources which in-
clude ASTM procedures, reports in open literature,
and government reports.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Inorganic compounds, Design
criteria, Abstracts, Continuous sampling, Monitoring,
Air pollution. Sampling, Detection, Sources, Flue
gases, Concentration(Composition), Separation, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Adsorption,
Liquid phases, Solid phases, Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, Laboratory equipment, Dust, Particles, Trace
elements, Condensation, Slurries, Automation, Aero-
sols, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
Procedures, Stationary sources.
PB-266 845/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Quality Profile 1976. Technical
Supplement: Alaska.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Apr 76, 28p EPA/910/9-76-026A
See also PB-255 101.
This report is a technical supplement to the 1976 RE-
GIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROFILE (EPA
REGION X) and Is designed to inform the reader about
the general status of the environment within the state
of Alaska. It is designed to report on the present status
of Alaska air and water quality, trends in that quality, an
analysis of the causes and effects of observed pollu-
tion problems and EPA's view of the near term outlook
for solving these problems. (Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Alaska, Water
quality management, Air pollution abatement, Problem
solving, Public health, Rivers, Exhaust emissions,
Trends, Sources, Intensity, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur
dioxide, Particles, Environmental quality profiles, EPA
Region 10, Air quality maintenance.
PB-266 846/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Quality Profile 1976. Technical
Supplement: Idaho.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Apr 76,38p EPA/910/9-76-026B
See also PB-255 101.
This report is a technical supplement to the 1976 RE-
GIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROFILE (EPA
REGION X) and Is designed to inform the reader about
the general status of the environment within the state
of Idaho. It is designed to report on the present status
of Idaho air and water quality, trends in that quality, an
analysis of the causes and effects of observed pollu-
tion problems and EPA's view of the near term outlook
for solving these problems. (Color Illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Idaho, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Public health, Sources, Trends, Water
quality management, Solids, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Phosphorus, Forecasting, Environmental
quality profiles, EPA Region 10, Air quality mainte-
nance.
PB-266 847/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Quality Profile 1976. Technical
Supplement: Oregon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
1976,40p EPA/910/9-76-026C
See also PB-255 101.
140 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report is a technical supplement to the 1976 RE-
GIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROFILE (EPA
REGION X) and Is designed to inform the reader about
the general status of the environment within the state
of Oregon. It is designed to report on the present
status of Oregon air and water quality, trends In that
quality, an analysis of the causes and effects of ob-
served pollution problems and EPA's view of the near
term outlook for solving these problems. (Color illustra-
tions reproduced in black and white.)
Keywords: "Environi lental surveys, "Oregon, Water
quality management, Air pollution abatement, Public
health, Exhaust emissions, Trends, Phosphorus, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Forecasting, Environmental
quality profiles, EPA Region 10, Air quality mainte-
nance.
PB-266 848/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Quality Profile 1976. Technical
Supplement: Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
1976, 42p EPA/910/9-76-0260
See also PB-255 101.
This report is a technical supplement to the 1976 RE-
GIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PROFILE (EPA
REGION X) and is designed to Inform the reader about
the general status of the environment within the state
of Washington. It is designed to report on the present
status of Washington air and water quality, trends in
that quality, an analysis of the causes and effects of
observed pollution problems and EPA's view of the
near term outlook for splving these problems. (Color il-
lustrations reproduced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys,
'Washington(State), Air pollution abatement, Public
health, Standards, Intensity, Carbon monoxide,
Sources, Particles, Trends, Forecasting, Water quality
maintenance, Solids, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Phosphorus, Rivers, Air pollution standards, Environ-
mental quality profiles, EPA Region 10, Air quality
maintenance.
PB-266 871/3 Not available NTIS
Identification of Trace Contaminants In Environ-
mental Sample* by Selected Ion Summation Anal-
ysis of Gas Chromatographlc-Mass Spectral Data.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
D. W. Kuehl. 17 Dec 76,3p EPA/600/J-77/005
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v49 p521 Mar 77.
A new data processing technique for gas chromato-
graphlc-mass spectral data Is described. The tech-
nique Is termed 'Selected Ion Summation Analysis'
and Is defined as an ion Intensity profile generated at
the termination of repetitive scanning GC/MS analysis
by summing the Intensities of selected masses ana re-
porting the summation vs. spectrum number If and only
if all masses are present.
Keywords: "Gas chromatqgraphy, "Mass spectros-
copy, "Data processing, Trace elements, Organic
compounds, Monitoring, Laboratory equipment, Re-
prints, "Environmental monitoring.
PB-266 675/4 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Treatment of Effluent Waters from Veg»tabl» OH
wining. Final rept.,
Archer Daniels Midland Co., Decatur, III.
Donald F. Gill, Jr., and James C. lelase. Dec 76,92p
EPA/600/2-76/294
Grant EPA-12060
A detailed investigation was done to characterize the
wastewater from a vegetable oil refinery. A calcium
chloride chemical treatment was installed which result-
«o in a net decrease in waste load of 71 percent from
£135 !b BODS per pound oil processed to .0039 Ib
BODS per pound oil processed. A further reduction of
50 percent to .0019 Ib BOD5 per pound oil processed
was made by the addition of a clarifier to the treatment
system. The net cost of treatment depends on the
market value of the oil recovered and will range from
».032 per pound processed to a gain of $.063 per
Pound oil processed.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Food proc-
essing, "Vegetable oils, "Water pollution control,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Calcium chlorides, Waste
water, Biochemical oxygen demand, Cost estimates,
Clarifiers, Settling, Coagulation, Design, Flow charting,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data).
PB-266 866/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Standardization of Method 11 at a Petroleum Re-
finery. Volume I. Environmental monitoring series,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
George W. Scheil, and Michael C. Sharp. Jan 77,80p
EPA/600/4-77/008a
Contract EPA-68-02-1098
See also Volume 2, PB-266 887.
Method 11 (Federal Register, 39, pp. 9321-9323,
March 8, 1974), 'Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide
Emissions from Stationary Sources,' is subject to seri-
ous mercaptan interference. Several alternate absorb-
ing reagents were evaluated, including several salts of
cadmium and zinc. The solution pH was adjusted to
obtain a high collection efficiency for H2S without also
collecting mercaptans. The most selective absorbing
solution was 0.16 M cadmium sulfate at a pH of 3.0.
The H2S collection efficiency was 96 percent, and
mercaptan concentration equal to the H2S gave re-
sults about 5 percent high. The effect of 14 variables
on the analysis were evaluated in a ruggedness test.
The optimized procedure was then field tested at three
refineries under a variety of conditions. The laboratory
and field tests were then used to write a final version of
the procedure.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Refineries, "Gas
analysis, "Hydrogen sulfide, Field tests, Chemical
analysis, Laboratory equipment, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Standards, Thiols, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Procedures, Stationary sources, "Air pollu-
tion detection, "EPA method 11.
PB-266 887/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Standardization of Method 11 at a Petroleum Re-
finery. Volume II. Environmental monitoring series,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
George W. Scheil, and Michael C. Sharp. Jan 77,102p
EPA/600/4-77/008b
Contract EPA-68-02-1098
See also Volume 1, PB-266 886.
A collaborative test was run of the revised Method 11
procedures that was developed In Volume I. Ten col-
laborators were selected from a total of 24 interested
organizations. Part of the screening process was to re-
quire each potential collaborator to analyze a set of
liquid samples in accordance with the procedure. A
test manifold was constructed which could simulate
typical refinery fuel gas streams. During February 22 to
27, 1976, a total of 16 runs at three different H2S
levels were made, as well as a series of standard
sample analyses. MRI then made a statistical analysis
of the collaborators' results. Without mercaptana
present, results averaged 4 percent low with a stand-
ard deviation of 2 percent for any sinqle collaborator
and a standard deviation between collaborators of 4
percent. With mercaptans present at 150 ppm, preci-
sion was unaffected but the results varied from 2 per-
cent low to 14 percent high at H2S concentrations of
400 and 100 mg/dscm. The tentative procedure was
found to be adequately written for those knowledge-
able of sampling and analysis techniques.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Refineries, "Gas
analysis, "Hydrogen sulfide, Revisions, Thiols, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Laboratory equip-
ment, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Statistical analy-
sis Concentration(Composition), Samplers, Design
criteria, Field tests, Sites, Procedures, "Air pollution
detection, Stationary sources, "EPA method 11.
PB-266 901/8
PC A07/MF A01
State" Municipal Protect Priority List for Construc-
tion Grants for Wastewater Treatment Works.
Public Law 92-500.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
18 Apr 77,145pEPA/GAD/3-77/001
This publication contains records for municipal
wastewater treatment works projects assigned priority
by the States and planned for funding by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) through Sept. 1977,
under the authority of Title II of the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act, as amended. Public Law 92-500; 33
U.S.C., 1281(g)(1). Data is sorted first by Region then
by State and status. Project Records are then listed In
ascending order of the grant number. Each entry in-
cludes: grant number, step, applicant name, date ap-
plication is expected/received in EPA Regional Office,
project status, date project is awarded EPA funds/
completed, amount requested from/awarded by EPA,
and the priority rank assigned by the State.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution abatement, "Grants, Industrial
plants, Construction, States(United States), Municipal-
ities, Priorities, "Sewage treatment plants.
PB-266 904/2
Air Pollution
Technical
Write for price
Information Center
(APTIC). Bibliographic Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
Peter Halpin, and John E. Knight. Apr 77, mag tape
EPA/DF-77/003
(CPT99)
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions.
The purpose of the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC) was to provide bibliographic control of
the world's technical literature relating to air pollution,
in accordance with a delegation from the Office of Sci-
ence and Technology in January 1964. APTIC
screened: 7,000 periodicals; government reports; pat-
ents; technical papers; preprints; dissertations; trans-
lations; proceedings; etc. Relevant information was se-
lected, abstracted, indexed, and recorded on comput-
er magnetic tape. A monthly abstract bulletin 'Air Pollu-
tion Abstracts' and several bibliographies (most availa-
ble from NTIS) were published from this file. EPA
makes the file accessible on an international on-line
retrieval network (currently, under terms of an EPA
contract, on the Lockheed system).
Keywords: "Data file, "Information systems, "Air pollu-
tion, Information retrieval, Magnetic tapes, Bibliogra-
phies, Information centers, Documents, Periodicals,
Technology, Air pollution abatement, Air quality main-
tenance, Air pollution standards.
PB-266 906/9 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Movement of Selected Metals, Asbestos, and Cya-
nide In Soil: Applications to Waste Disposal Prob-
lems. Final rept.,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Soils, Water and Engi-
neering.
Wallace H. Fuller. Apr 77,257p EPA/600/2-77/020
Contract EPA-68-03-0208
This report presents Information on movement of se-
lected hazardous substances in soil which can be ap-
plied to problems of selecting and operating land dis-
posal sites for wastes containing arsenic, asbestos,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, iron,
lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc, the Information is
based on a literature review, laboratory studies of
movement of hazardous substances through soil in
municipal landfill leachate, and the authors experi-
ence In soil science and waste disposal. In addition to
a discussion of the soil and waste-related factors to be
considered in selecting and managing disposal sites
for minimum migration hazard, the report also presents
general Information on soils and geological materials
and specific information on the chemistry of the select-
ed hazardous substances which is relevant to an un-
derstanding of their migration in soil.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soil properties,
"Solid waste disposal, Reviews, Arsenic, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Iron, Lead(Metal), As-
bestos, Cyanides, Ion exchanging, Mercury(Metal), Se-
lenium, Zinc, Ground water, Industrial wastes, Earth
fills, Leaching, "Land disposal, "Soil water movement.
December 1983 141
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 912/5 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fractional Efficiency of an Electric Arc Furnace
Baghouse. Final rept. 5 Jun 74-Feb 77,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Mar 77,187p GCA-TR-76-34-G, EPA/600/7-77/023
Contract EPA-68-02-1438
The report gives results of an evaluation of the per-
formance of a fabric filter system controlling emissions
from either one or two 30-ton electric arc furnaces pro-
ducing a high-strength, low-alloy specialty steel. The
evaluation involved measuring the system's total mass
collection efficiency and apparent fractional collection
efficiency. Testing involved 8 sampling days with one
furnace operating, and 2 days with two furnaces.
Baghouse influent and effluent streams were sampled
with total mass samplers, inertial impactors, a conden-
sation nuclei counter (CNC), and an optical dust
counter. The influent and effluent total fluoride con-
centrations were measured for three of the tests to es-
timate the paniculate and gaseous fluoride levels to
which the Dacron filter bags are exposed during
normal service. Total mass tests showed baghouse
mean mass efficiency to be 97.9% with one furnace
operating, and 98.7% with two furnaces. Mean mass
concentrations for one- and two-furnace operation
were 0.0014 and 0.0019 grains/dscf, respectively. In-
fluent impactor tests showed considerable size distri-
bution differences as a function of the phase of the
process: the greatest concentrations for the particles
sized occurred during the first melt. Effluent impactor
size distribution tests suggested agglomeration. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Air filters,
'Iron and steel industry, Flue gases, Electric arc fur-
naces, Performance evaluation, Samplers, Monitoring,
Impactors, Fines, Fluorides, Tables(Data), Particle size
distribution, Industrial wastes. Combustion products,
Mass, Concentration(Composition), Graphic methods,
•Fabric filters, 'Air pollution sampling, Baghouses.
PB-266 919/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Industrial Pollution Control Oiv.
Reverse Osmosis Field Test: Treatment of Wans
Nickel Rinse Waters. Final rept.,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Fla.
Kenneth J. McNulty, Robert L. Goldsmith, and Arye Z
Gollan. Feb 77,41 p EPA/600/2-77/039
Grant EPA-R-803753
Prepared by Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden
Research Div.
A field test was conducted to determine the feasibility
of using a polyamide reverse-osmosis membrane in
hollow fine fiber configuration for closed-loop treat-
ment of rinse water from a Watts-type nickel bath. Per-
formance of the membrane module was determined by
measuring the productivity (flow rate of purified water)
and rejection (separation efficiency) as a function of
operating time. Performance was monitored over 1600
hours (67 days) of operation and 2300 hours (96 days)
of exposure to nickel rinse waters. The results of the
tests combined with the results from numerous com-
mercial installations indicate that the economics of
closed-loop recovery of nickel rinse waters by reverse
osmosis are generally attractive. Depending on certain
factors specific to each plating line, the capital invest-
ment for a reverse osmosis system can be recovered
in as little as one year or less of operation.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Nickel, 'Water pollution
control, 'Metal industry, Reverse osmosis, Polyamide
resins, Field tests, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
Membranes, Performance evaluation, 'Reverse os-
mosis membranes, 'Hollow fiber membranes.
PB-266 923/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Environmental Effects of Energy - Abstracts of
Selected Protects Supported by EPA Funds. Inter-
im rept.,
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn.
Philip L. Johnson. Apr 77,186p EPA/600/7-77/048
Prepared in cooperation with Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, D.C.
This report contains project abstracts prepared for an
Environmental Effects of Energy Conference held at
Savannha, GA, on December 2 and 3,1976, to review
two segments of the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's interagency energy/environment program: eco-
logical effects and environmental transport processes.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Energy technol-
ogy, Water pollution, Air pollution, Ecology, Thermal
pollution, Oil pollution, Trace elements, Land use,
Sediments, Coal mining, Strip mining, Electric power
generation, Research projects, Abstracts.
PB-266 929/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Zinc Sludge Recycling After Kastone Treatment
of Cyanide-Bearing Rinse Water. Final rept.,
Metal Plating Corp., Connersville, Ind.
Joseph G. Moser. Feb 77,40p EPA/600/2-77/038
Grant EPA-S-803265-01
The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the
feasibility of reclaiming sludge. The sludge was pro-
duced by the destruction of cyanide by Kastone in
zinc-cyanide dragout rinse water. The clear superna-
tant was discharged to the municipal sewer and the
sludge eventually recycled to the plating tank. The
general approach was to transfer cyanide-bearing
rinse water to the treatment tank, treat, settle, decant
clear supernatant, transfer sludge for further concen-
tration and return dissolved sludge to the plating tanks.
The possibilities of contaminant accumulation were
present. Breakdown products, ferrocyanide, copper
and other possible metallics would be returned to the
plating tank. The operation at Metal Plating Corpora-
tion has two plating tanks. This allowed a control and
experimental tank for evaluation. The major difficulty
encountered was a precipitate mostly of calcium and
magnesium hydroxides that was formed in the treat-
ment process and does not redissolve as does the
zinc oxide sludge. The presence of calcium and mag-
nesium is known to be present in the water used. The
hydroxide sludge presented mechanical problems in
handling in the recycling process.
Keywords: 'Zinc coatings, 'Electroplating, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Materials recovery, 'Water pollution
control, 'Cyanides, Sludges, Reclamation, Oxidation,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration, Calcium hydrox-
ides, Magnesium hydroxides, Metal finishing industry,
"Waste recycling.
PB-266 939/8 PC A10/MF A01
West Point Lake Postlmpoundment Study. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Hugh C. Vick, David W. Hill, Rufus J. Bruner, III,
Thomas 0. Barnwell, Jr., and Ronald L. Raschke. Nov
76, 225p EPA/904/9-77/004
Preliminary surveys during the initial stabilization
period of the first year following impoundment indicat-
ed the following: Algal growth potential tests show
West Point Lake's waters to be highly productive. The
models of Vollenweider, Dillon and Larsen-Mercier
predict that the lake will become eutrophic, even with a
95% reduction of the phosphorus input from the up-
stream metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. Severity
of acute dissolved iron and manganese problems ex-
perienced by downstream water users following im-
poundment was lessened by the portion of a coffer
dam left in place upstream of the main dam. Bacteri-
ologically, both the lake and its discharge waters were
of overall good quality where sampling was conducted.
No major problems with pesticides or toxic metals
were indicated. This report contains a sixteen Item bib-
liography.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'West Point Lake, Sur-
veys, Algae, Phosphorus, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Iron, Manganese, Bacte-
ria, Conductivity, Alkalinity, Chattahoochee River,
Tables(Data), Georgia, Eutrophication, 'Water quality
data.
PB-266 940/6
Soil Conservation Service, Athens, Ga.
PC AOS/MF A01
Prelmpoundment Study, Cedar Creek Drainage
Basin, Evans County Watershed, Evans, Tattnall,
and Candler Counties, Georgia. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Hugh C. Vick, David W. Hill, Howard A. True, and Rufus
J. Bruner, III. Mar 77,100p EPA/904/9-77/006
Errata sheet inserted. Sponsored in part by Soil Con-
servation Service, Athens, Ga.
High fecal coliform densities plus Salmonella isola-
tions in the Cedar Creek watershed, represent free
flowing streams under stormwater runoff conditions.
Increased retention time after impoundment will cause
a decrease in both fecal coliform densities as well as
the presence of Salmonella. These decreases should
be sufficient to make the waters acceptable for body
contact recreation. Increased retention time in the im-
poundment will tend to dampen water quality vari-
ations now present in the free flowing stream. The oc-
casional high nutrient concentrations observed during
this study will be more diluted by the impoundment to
levels acceptable for a variety of water uses. Potential
problems in the E-6 arm of the drainage basin can be
partially, if not completely, alleviated by improved
animal husbandry waste handling practices. The eutro-
phication potential for this impoundment will depend
on control of nutrient sources.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cedar Creek Basin, Sur-
veys, Agricultural wastes, Coliform bacteria, Feces,
Water quality, Recreation, Nitrification, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Salmonella, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Carbon, pH, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Georgia,
'Water quality data, Evans County(Georgia), Tattnall
County(Georgia), Candler County(Georgia).
PB-266 941/4 PC A04/MF A01
Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from a
Dual Catalyst Equipped Vehicle. Rept. for Jul 75-Jul
76,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Peter A. Gabele, James N. Braddock, Frank M. Black,
Fred D. Stump, and Roy B. Zweidinger. Apr 77,29p
EPA/600/2-77/068
A test program was initiated to characterize exhaust
gas emissions from an automobile equipped with a
dual catalyst system. The dual catalyst system was de-
signed by Gould, Inc. to reduce emissions of engine
exhaust hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides. It basically consists of two catalysts in series: a
nickel-copper alloy reduction catalyst to control nitro-
gen oxide emissions, and a platinum-palladium oxida-
tion catalyst to control carbon monoxide and hydrocar-
bon emissions. The test vehicle, an AMC Hornet
having a 232 CID six cylinder engine, was tested over
the Federal Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel Econo-
my Test, and the Sulfate Emission Test. In addition to
the regulated gaseous emissions, sulfur dioxide, sulfu-
ric acid, hydrogen cyanide, nickel carbonyl, carbonyl
sulfide, aldehydes and detailed hydrocarbon emis-
sions were sampled and analyzed. A brief discussion
of each method used to sample and analyze the non-
regulated pollutants is included. Results indicate that
(1) sulfate emissions from the dual catalyst car were
comparable to those from production catalyst vehicles
equipped with air pumps, (2) hydrocarbon emissions
were of low reactivity relative to other vehicles, and (3)
nickel emissions were quite high. With regard to the
nickel emissions, the forms in which this element are
emitted are not known nor is the extent of nickel car-
bonyl emissions known.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Auto-
mobiles, Catalysis, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emis-
sions, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Sampling, Nickel, Experimental design, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, Performance evaluation, Particles, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Procedures.
PB-266 942/2 PC A13/MF A01
Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement. Volume 1: Proposed Standards of Per-
formance for Lime Manufacturing Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Apr 77, 282p EPA/450/2-77/007a
142 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Standards of performance for the control of participate
matter emissions from affected facilities at new and
modified lime manufacturing plants are being pro-
posed under the authority of sections 111, 114, and
301 (a) of the Clean Air Act, as amended. The stand-
ards would require that participate matter emissions be
reduced by over 99 percent below the uncontrolled
levels, and by about 70 percent below the emission
levels being achieved by existing sources controlled to
meet typical state standards. Volume 1 discusses the
proposed standards, a*" J an analysis of the associated
environmental and economic impacts is included in
this document. Volume 2, which will be published when
the standards are promulgated, will contain a summary
of the public comments on the proposed standards
and EPA's responses. A discussion of any differences
between the proposed and promulgated standards will
also be included.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Calcium oxides,
"Air pollution control, Performance evaluation, Manu-
facturing, Standards, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Particles, Economic impact, Cost analysis,
Kilns, Hydrators, Revisions, Monitoring, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Efficiency, Substitutes, Stationary
sources.
PB-266 947/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Development ol Computerized Emission Projec-
tion and Allocation System. Phase I. Preliminary
Feasibility Study. Final rept,
Argonne National Lab., III. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Richard R. Cirillo, and Michael J. Senew. Dec 76,111 p
EPA/450/3-77/001
This report describes a preliminary feasibility assess-
ment to determine the need for a computerized emis-
sion projection and allocation (CEPA) system. The pri-
mary application of a CEPA system would be the com-
puterization of otherwise long and tedious calculations
required to properly assess growth and development
when considering the maintenance of the national am-
bient air quality standards. A major portion of the as-
sessment came from interviews with nine potential
users of a CEPA system-seven air pollution control
agencies and two local and regional planning organi-
zations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Regional plan-
ning, Feasibility, Computer programming, Mathemat-
ical prediction, Constraints, Data acquisition, Inter-
views, Organizations, Time, Quality, Air pollution, Sys-
tems engineering, National ambient air quality stand-
ards, Air quality maintenance.
fB-266 949/7 PC A02/MF A01
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality: '75 -
76.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
1976,24p
Activities of the Iowa Department of Environmental
Quality are highlighted in its annual report for 1975-76.
Topics covered are Organization, Emergencies, Pro-
grams, Monitoring, Rules, Permits, Enforcement and
Regional Offices.
Keywords: 'Iowa, Detectors, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Pesticides, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Law enforcement, Radioactive
contaminants, Solid waste disposal, Potable water,
Water treatment, Sewage treatment, Odor control,
Monitoring, 'Environmental quality, Nonpoint sources,
Point sources.
B-266 960/5
PC A08/MF A01
,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Cost* of Radium Removal from Potable Water
Supplies. Final rept.,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
J- E. Singley, B. A. Beaudet, W. E. Bolch, and J. F.
Palmer. Apr 77, 1 53p EPA/600/2-77/073
Grant EPA-R-803864-01
Prepared in cooperation with Water and Air Research,
Inc., Gainesville, Fla.
This report presents the results of an analysis of exist-
ing data from various sources on the removal of
radium from potable water supplies by lime-soda soft-
ening, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis treatment
methods. Removafefficiency models are used to esti-
mate the capital and annual operating and mainte-
nance costs for each water treatment process over a
wide range of raw water quality, raw water radium, and
population conditions. The radiological consequences
of common methods of waste sludge and brine dispos-
al are discussed and waste volumes and activity levels
of radium in waste streams are estimated. The costs of
ultimate disposal of the waste streams produced by
each process are estimated over the same raw water
quality and population ranges used to determine treat-
ment costs. This report is intended as a guide for plan-
ners and water utility personnel in areas where the
radium activity of potable water sources exceeds the
limits set by EPA Drinking Water Regulations.
Keywords: 'Radium, 'Water treatment, 'Radioactive
contaminants, 'Water pollution control, Potable water,
Ion exchanging, Reverse osmosis, Lime-soda ash
process, Water softening, Cost analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Sludge
disposal, Design criteria, Brines, Water quality, Solid
waste disposal.
PB-266 960/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Sulfur Compounds
and Partlculate Size Distribution Inventory. Final
rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Fred E. Littman, Robert W. Griscom, and Harry Wang.
Apr 77,54p* EPA/600/4-77/017
Contract EPA-68-02-1081
In conjunction with the Regional Air Pollution Study
being conducted in the St. Louis Air Quality Control
Region (AQCR), a methodology for estimating the
amount of sulfur trioxide (S03) emitted by combustion
sources was developed. It is based on S02/S03
ratios determined both experimentally and from litera-
ture surveys. The most likely value appears to be
1.85% of the SO2 emissions. On this basis, about
22,000 tons of SOS are emitted yearly from combus-
tion sources. A fine particle size inventory for the area
was also developed. The inventory gives a breakdown
of paniculate emissions in the range of 7 to .01 mi-
crons, based on production rates and collection effi-
ciencies for point sources in the St. Louis AQCR. The
information on the SO2/SO3 ratios and the particle
size breakdown is stored in the RAPS Data Handling
System.
Keywords: 'Sulfur trioxide, 'Fines, Aerosols, Sulfur
dioxide, Particle size distribution, Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Per-
formance evaluation, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Laboratory equipment, Monitors, Air pollution, Design
criteria, Flue gases, Missouri, Point sources, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Air pollution detection, Stationary
sources. Procedures.
PB-266 961/2 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Development and Testing of a Wastewater Re-
cycler and Heater. Final rept.,
CHEMTRIC, Inc., Rosemont, III.
Victor J. Guarlno, and Robert A. Bambenek. Dec 76,
106p' EPA/600/2-76/289
Contract EPA-68-03-0436
Prepared in cooperation with National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Washington, D.C., Army Medi-
cal Research and Development Command, Washing-
ton, D.C., and Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment, Washington, D.C.
The results of this program have demonstrated the
feasibility of an automatic and self-contained appli-
ance that can recover and store usable hot water from
waste laundry water, using essentially the same
amount of energy as an equivalent-capacity water
heater. It has been shown by extended evaluation
tests with a waste stream of real laundry water that this
unit is capable of recovering sterile not water at a
steady state rate of 22.7 liters/hour (6 gph) with a spe-
cific energy draw of 79 watt-hours/liter (299 watt-
hours/gal), without the use of any expendable chemi-
cals. It has also been shown by extended evaluation
tests with a feed that simulates hospital wastewater
preconcentrated by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis
that this unit can increase the solids concentration of a
waste water from less than 2% to at least 29.3%. The
results of a manufacturing cost analysis have shown
that a conservative annual cost (that is, a maximum
annual cost) of this appliance is $717 per year. Eco-
nomic feasibility therefore is not demonstrable at
present on a large scale. However, should water cost
increase or the cost of the appliance decrease, a
viable demand for household water recovery with the
appliance would be possible.
Keywords: 'Water reclamation, 'Laundries, "Distilla-
tion equipment, 'Water heaters, Energy consumption,
Evaporation, Water conservation, Cost analysis,
Design, Fabrication, Brines, Performance tests,
'Waste water reuse.
PB-266 978/8 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control Programs Development Div.
Controlled and Uncontrolled Emission Rates and
Applicable Limitations for Eighty Processes. Final
rept. Jun 75-Sep 76,
Research Corp of New England, Wethersfleld, Conn.
Peter N. Formica. Sep 76,41 Op* EPA/450/3-77/016
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
The report contains quantitative air pollution informa-
tion for eighty source categories which are considered
common to many areas of the U.S. and would poten-
tially benefit most from application of control devices.
The eighty source categories are assessed according
to (1) typical plant size and associated paniculate
matter and/or hydrocarbon emissions; (2) applicable
control equipment efficiencies; and (3) potential for
compliance with certain emission limitations. The doc-
ument presents data typical of current emissions and
control techniques. The document also lists selected
emission limitations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Sources, Classifications, Rates(Per
time), Industries, Limits, Industrial plants, Particles, Hy-
drocarbons, Air pollution control equipment, Efficiency,
Standards, Standards compliance, Stationary sources,
Non point sources, Point sources.
PB-267 001/6 PC A02
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, Md. Office of Sea Grant.
Wind and Current Patterns In an Arctic Coast
Lagoon,
Alaska Univ., College. Inst. of Marine Science.
Joseph A. Dygas, and David C. Burrell. 1976,14p IMS-
Contrib-281, NOAA-77041302
Grants NO A A-04-6-158-44039, EPA-R-801124
Pub. in Ocean Engineering, v3 p317-327 1976.
The response of wind-drift currents to the prevailing
summer wind regime is reported for Simpson Lagoon
on the Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean) coast of Alaska.
Wind and current measurements were taken over the
period July 17 to October 20 and August 11 to Sep-
tember 18,1972, respectively, at a site eastward of the
Colvllle River delta. Mean wind speeds and the fre-
quency of occurrence of westerly storms tend to in-
crease from July to October. Prevailing currents within
the lagoon are towards the W to NW driven by the pre-
vailing northeasterly winds. Relatively rapid reversals
of current direction occur in response to alternating
easterly and westerly winds. Cross correlations ol
power spectra of the filtered E-W components of the
lagoon current record with the concurrent wind data
gave a periodicity of 4-5 days at a 70% level of coher-
ence.
Keywords: 'Windward drift, 'Ocean currents, 'Arctic
Ocean, 'Simpson Lagoon, Wind velocity, Storms,
Wind direction, Summer, Measurement, Correlation
techniques, Power spectra, Beaufort Sea, Coasts,
Alaska, Reprints, Sea Grant program.
PB-267 078/4 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.D.
Cytotoxlc Effect of Trace Metals Adsorbed Onto
Fly Ash Particles. Final rept. Apr 75-Sep 76,
III Research Inst., Chicago, III.
CatherineAranyi. Mar77,31pEPA/600/1-77/017
Contract EPA-68-02-0761
December 1983 143
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report describes the results of an in vitro study de-
signed to determine the effects of fly ash coated with
the oxides of lead, nickel or manganese on alveolar
macrophages which defend the deep lung against in-
fectious microorganisms. Since participates of various
sizes exist within the environment, the influence of par-
ticle size was also examined in order to provide data
helpful in designing pollutant control strategies. It was
found that as the concentration of pollutant was in-
creased, the toxicity increased. In addition, the small-
er-sized particles were more toxic than larger particu-
lates.
Keywords: *Toxicity, *Fly ash, *Lung, 'Alveoli pul-
monis, "Phagocytes, Respiratory system, Lead oxides,
Manganese oxides, Nickel oxides, Particles, Dosage,
Size determination, Surface properties, Air pollution, In
vitro analysis, Experimental data, Rabbits,
Cells(Biology), Toxicology, *Trace metals, Cytotoxi-
city, *Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-267 082/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Irrigation Return Flow Water Quality as Affected
by Irrigation Water Management In the Grand
Valley of Colorado. Final rept.,
Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Harold R. Duke, E. Gordon Kruse, Sterling R. Olsen,
Daniel F. Champion, and Dennis C. Kincaid. Oct 76,
132p
Prepared in cooperation with Agricultural Research
Service, Grand Junction, Colo. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
This study was designed to meet the specific needs of
the Environmental Protection Agency consistent with
the interests and research goals of the ARS. The spe-
cific objectives of the study are: (1) to identify variables
needed to predict effects of deep percolation, tailwater
runoff, and lateral seepage on the quality of return
flows. Includes evaluation of quantity and quality of
various components of field water balance. (2) To
define the effect of irrigation water management on
the quality of runoff and deep percolation leaving the
farm unit, and determine the reduction in both water
and salt losses achievable through improved irrigation
technology. (3) To identify mechanisms by which the
salt load of return flow water is modified after it leaves
the farm unit and moves toward the Colorado River; to
attempt to determine the most practicable control
methods for salt accretion. (4) To evaluate the experi-
mental methods used in the above studies with regard
to their applicability in other similar irrigated river val-
leys.
Keywords: * Water quality management, 'Irrigation,
Grand Valley, Management planning, Water pollution
control, Regulations, Percolation, Ground water, Salts,
Colorado, Hydrology, Methodology, Soils, Sediments,
Water analysis, Tables(Data), 'Return flow, Tailwater.
PB-267 085/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sensitivity of Vertebrate Embryos to Boron Com-
pounds. Final rept.,
Thomas Hunt Morgan School of Biological Sciences,
Lexington, Ky.
W. J. Birge, and J. A. Black. Apr 77,77p* EPA/560/1-
76/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3222
Developmental stages of rainbow trout, channel cat-
fish, goldfish, leopard frog, and Fowler's toad were
treated in a continuous flow system with boric acid and
borax concentrations ranging from 0.001-300 ppm
boron. Exposure was initiated subsequent to fertiliza-
tion and maintained through 4 days posthatching,
using water with hardness levels of 50 and 200 ppm
CaCO3. Expressed in ppm boron at 4 days posthatch-
ing, LC1 values for trout, catfish, and goldfish were 0.1,
0.5, and 0.6 for boric acid in soft water, 0.001,0.2, and
0.2 for boric acid in hard water, 0.07, 5.5, and 1.4 for
borax in soft water, and 0.07,1.7, and 0.9 for borax in
hard water. LC50 values in ppm for trout, catfish, and
goldfish were 100, 155, and 46 for boric acid in soft
water, 79, 22, and 75 for boric acid in hard water, 27,
155, and 65 for borax in soft water, and 54, 71, and 59
for borax in hard water. The LC50 values for amphibian
embryos and larvae ranged from 47 for borax in soft
water to 145 for boric acid in soft water. By compari-
son, boron LC50 values for chick embryjs, treated by
yolk injection, were 1.0 and 0.5 ppm for boric acid and
borax, respectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Boron, 'Embryos, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, Larvae, Toxicology, Bioassay, Vertebrates,
Concentration(Composition), Mortality, Trout, Cat-
fishes, Frogs, Toads, Amphibia, Chickens, Compari-
sons, Experimental data, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Teratogenesis, Goldfish, Threshold
limit values.
PB-267 087/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume VII. Washington, D.C. Final rept.,
GCACorp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
David A. Lynn, Becky S. Epstein, and Frank Record.
Jun 76, 79p' GCA-76-25-G(7), EPA/450/3-76/026e
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 2 dated Jul 76, PB-263 666.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Paniculate
Problem - Final Report. Volume I should be considered
the primary output of the report.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, 'District of Co-
lumbia, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Sources, Atmospheric diffusion, Monitoring, Industrial
wastes, Law enforcement, Sites, Urban areas, Meteor-
ology, Regulations, Climatology, Topography, Land
use, Population growth, Concentration(Composition),
Aerosols, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Point
sources.
PB-267 093/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Pre-Screenlng for Environmental Hazards - A
System for Selecting and Prioritizing Chemicals.
Phase I rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Emilio C. Venezian. Apr 77,124p ADL-78486-1, EPA/
560/1-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -3208
A number of alternatives for pre-screening chemicals
for their potential to inflict environmental hazards were
considered. A system design concept which takes into
account both the toxicity of the chemical and the even-
tual levels which it can be expected to reach in the en-
vironment was selected for further analysis. Although
neither toxicity nor eventual levels can be predicted
with great accuracy, the accuracy attainable by simple
methods appeared adequate for selecting and prioritiz-
ing chemicals for additional investigation. A specific
design which relies on data which Is usually available
was developed to the point of testing the feasibility of
collecting the necessary data and performing the re-
quired computations on five chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ranking, *Alr pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Decomposition reactions, Toxicity, Numerical analy-
ses, Soils, Surface waters, Reaction kinetics, Trans-
port properties, Atmospheric diffusion, Tables(Data),
Chemical properties, Physical properties, 'Chemicals,
Bioaccumulation, Toxic substances.
PB-267 096/6 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. En-
forcement Div.
Study of Gasoline Vapor Emission Controls at
Small Bulk Plants. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif,
R. J. Bryan, W. O. Jacobson, R. R. Saakaida, and P. S.
Bakshi.Oct76,241p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3156
The purpose of this report is to provide information to
operators of gasoline bulk plants and to air pollution
control authorities regarding sources of emissions of
hydrocarbon vapors from bulk plants and the effective-
ness and costs of available technology for control of
these emissions. The study was limited to bulk plants
distributing less than 76,000 liters (20,000 gallons) of
gasoline dally. Pacific Environmental Services, Inc.,
under an EPA contract, conducted an independent
evaluation of the impact of hydrocarbon emission con-
trols on bulk plants. PES developed a data base from a
survey of bulk plants in three Air Quality Control Re-
gions. Data base was used to define a typical bulk
plant operation and estimate the uncontrolled hydro-
carbon emissions. Results Indicated that the typical
bulk plant Is small (15,000 liters or 4,000 gallons per
nificant factors in additiion to transfer emissions which
EPA regulations control. PES surveyed available hy-
drocarbon emission control techniques, investigating
the most promising techniques for cost, efficiency, de-
velopment status and bulk plant applicability.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Air pollution control equipment,
'Petroleum industry, 'Evaporation control, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Hydrocarbons, Cost analysis, Mate-
rials handling, Safety, Substitutes, Mathematical
models, Regulations, Storage tanks, Tables(Data),
Materials recovery, Cargo transportation, Leakage,
Quality control, Bulk storage, Inventory control.
PB-267 100/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Monitoring.
EXPLORE-I: A River Basin Water Quality Model.
Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash.
Robert G. Baca, William W. Waddel, Charles R. Cole,
Albin Brandstetter, and Dennis B. Cearlock. Aug 73,
125p
Contract EPA-68-01-0056
A dynamic river basin water quality model, EXPLORE
was developed to simulate the dynamics of water flow
and quality in rivers, estuaries, shallow lakes and im-
poundments. The model will handle several boundary
conditions such as weirs, dams, loops, diversions and
discharges in addition to tidal flows and the occur-
rence of tidal flats. The water quality module consists
of a multiparameter transport submodel with various
other submodels which describe the chemical-biologi-
cal kinetics of the system. A total of 16 water quality
parameters can be modeled simultaneously. Testing
and verification of the EXPLORE river basin model was
conducted on the Willamette River Basin in Oregon.
This basin was chosen because the Willamette is a
large river with a tidally influenced reach, several major
tributaries and considerable flow regulation, thereby
encompassing a wide range of hydraulic conditions.
The following appendicies were also prepared: A-Lit-
erature Review, B - User's Manual, C - Programmer's
manual.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Mathematical models,
'River basin development, 'Water pollution, Forecast-
ing, Numerical analysis, Computer programming, Hy-
draulics, Limnology, Nutrients, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Algae, Tem-
perature, Sources, 'EXPLORE river basin models,
Toxic substances.
PB-267 104/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Ambient Monitoring Aloft of Ozone and Precur-
sors Near and Downwind of St. Louis. Final rept..
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle, N.C.
C. E. Decker, J. J. B. Worth, L. A. Rlpperton, and W. D.
Bach. Jan 77,66p EPA/450/3-77/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2391
Experimental protocol accompanying the launching
and flight of a manned balloon (Project DaVinci II) to
measure primary and secondary pollutants is de-
scribed. Measurements obtained concurrently be-
neath the balloon at the earth's surface are also de-
scribed. The flight occurred on June 8-9, 1976, days
characterized by atmospheric stagnation. The data in-
dicate that ozone trapped aloft by a nocturnal inver-
sion decays slowly. Transport of ambient ozone at
levels exceeding the Federal Air Quality standard is
documented for over 150 miles downwind of St. Louis.
These observations strongly support the contention
that, in at least some instances, high levels of rural
ozone are importantly influenced by long range trans-
port from urban areas.
144 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Ozone, Aerial surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Meteorol-
ogy, Urban areas, Photpchemistry, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Transport properties, Quality control, Hydrocar-
bons, Monitors, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), "Air pollution
sampling, "Air quality data.
PB-267 113/9 PC A07/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement Water
Quality Management Plan lor El Paao and Teller
Counties, Colorado. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Envi-
ronmental Evaluation Section.
May 77,130p EPA/908/5-77/004
Pursuant to EPA policies, guidelines and regulations
under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act Amendments of 1972, EPA action on water
quality management plans is subject to NEPA review.
EPA has determined that its action on the Water Qual-
ity Management Plan for El Paso and Teller Counties is
a major federal action that may have significant effects
on the environment, and that an environmental impact
statement is necessary to provide an opportunity for
public review of EPA's decisions on plan approval. The
format of this EIS Is unique in that it highlights the
issues raised by the plan while incorporating, by refer-
ence to the plan documentation, the basic information
and analyses that normally constitute an EIS. This ap-
proach is made possible by the water quality manage-
ment planning process, which is designed to incorpo-
rate and document all of the elements of an environ-
mental impact statement in the planning/decision-
making process. In addition, EPA has complied with its
NEPA responsibility to conduct an independent, objec-
tive evaluation of the plan by participating with the
Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments in an adviso-
ry capacity during the two-year plan development
period.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements - final, 'Colorado, Water pollu-
tion control, Regulations, Management planning, Colo-
rado, Urban areas, Industrial wastes, *EI Paso
County(Colorado), 'Teller County(Colorado).
PB-267 121/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected
Chemical*. Final rept. on Task 3,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Shirley B. Padding, David H. Liu, Howard L. Johnson,
and Theodore Mill. May 77,150p EPA/560/5-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01-2681
See also Final rept. on Task 1 dated 10 Jan 75, PB-
238908.
A review of the recent literature on sources, produc-
tion, environmental fate, and bioaccumulation has
been carried out by SRI on 26 classes of compounds.
These included epoxides, haloolefins, aldehydes, alkyl
and benzyl halides, peroxides, hydroperoxides and
Peracids, polyhalomethanes, aromatic amines, poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, azo dyes, carbamic acid esters,
nydrazines, acyl halides and ketene, phosphoric acid
esters, azlridines, lactones, alkyl sulfates, sulfones.
aryl dlalkyltriazenes, dlazoalkanes, haloalcohols, ha-
toethers, hydroxylamines, nitrosamlnes, nitrofurans,
andazides.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Reviews, Inorganic azides,
Organic azides, Esters, Carbamic acicf Azo dyes,
Sources, Methodology, Aldehydes, Epoxy com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Sulfones, Furans, Ken-
wnes, Hydrazines, Amines, Methane, Polymers, Physi-
cal properties, Halohydrocarbons, Benzene, Peroxy
organic acids, Peroxy organic compounds, Phosphoric
acid, Azlridines, Lactones, Sulfates, Alcohols, Ethers,
Azo compounds, Hydroxy organic compounds, Nitroso
compounds, Amines, Reaction kinetics, Photochemis-
try, Industrial wastes, Sources, Manufacturing, Water
Pollution, Air pollution, Hydrolysis, Bioaccumulation,
Toxic substances, 'Path of pollutants, Pofychlori-
nated biphenyls, Triazenes, 'Environmental surveys.
W-267 1J4/6 CP T02
*lr Pollution Technical Information Center
JAPTIC). Open-End File. Data file,
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch. ^
Peter Halpin, and John E. Knight. Apr 77, mag tape
EPA/DF-77/004
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions.
The purpose of the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC) was to provide bibliographic control of
the world's technical literature relating to air pollution,
in accordance with a delegation from the Office of Sci-
ence and Technology in January 1964. APTIC
screened: 7,000 periodicals; government reports; pat-
ents; technical papers; preprints; dissertations; trans-
lations; proceedings; etc. Relevant information was se-
lected, abstracted, indexed, and recorded on comput-
er magnetic tape. This tape records free language
index terms (not covered by the controlled index terms
in the APTIC bibliogrphic file), and the document
number(s) to which each term refers. EPA makes the
file accessible on an international on-line retrieval net-
work (currently, under terms of an EPA contract, on the
Lockheed system.)
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Information cen-
ters, Bibliographies, Magnetic tapes, Information sys-
tems, Air pollution abatement, Documents, Subject in-
dexing, Air quality maintenance, Air Pollution Technical
Information Center.
PB-267 216/0 PC A05/MF A01
Report of Baseline Water Quality Investigation*
on the White River In Western Colorado, Septem-
ber-October, 1975, and May-June, 1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Technical Investigations Branch.
Robert L. Fox. May 77, 98p EPA/908/2-77/001, SA/
TIB-31
Baseline water quality conditions in the White River
and Milk Creek drainages in Western Colorado were
documented by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency during the Fall 'low flow' period in 1975 and
the Spring 'high flow' period of 1976. A total of 35
water quality parameters were measured at 19 sam-
pling locations covering a stream reach of approxi-
mately 200 km (125 mi). Pollution parameter values
exceeding recommended criteria and/or proposed
stream standards were found at several locations, with
the largest number of violations occurring in the down-
stream reach of the White River between Meeker and
Rangely, Colorado. Excessive concentrations of sev-
eral parameters were also measured in three White
River tributary streams - Yellow Creek, Coal Creek,
and Little Beaver Creek. The parameters most fre-
quently in violation included IDS, TSS, total iron, total
zinc, and total phosphorus. There was no clear indica-
tion that either the lower or higher flow rates produced
the greater number of pollution problems.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'White River, 'Milk Creek,
Colorado, Water pollution, Phosphorus, Zinc, Flow
rate, Iron, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Sam-
pling, Profiles, Tables(Data), 'Baseline meas-
urements, 'Water quality data, Procedures.
PB-267 244/2 PC A05/MF A01
Freshwater Finding*, 1967-1976. Bibliography rept.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Nichole J. Vick. Mar 77,77p EPA/600/9-77/005
The bibliography, inclusive from 1967 through 1976,
lists all publications authored by personnel of the Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory-Duluth (formerly the
National Water Quality Laboratory). Not only does the
bibliography list all scientific materials (journal articles,
research reports, and other) published by the labora-
tory staff, but also those project reports prepared by
universities, industries, and other government re-
searchers conducting studies under the funding and
direction of this laboratory. The publications are
entific publications. Each category is subdivided into
1976 publications (annotated) and those published
from 1967 through 1975. Within each year, publica-
tions are listed alphabetically by the senior author's
last name, and sources of reprints are identified. Intro-
ductory materials Include a list of standard abbrevia-
tions for scientific journals cited and pertinent compo-
nents of the EPA and the laboratory.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Fresh water biology,
'Toxicity, Water pollution, Toxicology, Ecology, Aquat-
ic biology, Mathematical models, Lakes, Abstracts,
Fishes, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Rivers,
Streams, Bioassay, Fresh water fishes, Growth, Nutri-
ents, Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Ecosystems, Bioaccumulation.
PB-267 245/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Prototype System for Plugging Leaks In Ruptured
Container*. Final rept.,
Rockwell International Corp., Canoga Park, Calif.
Rocketdyne Div.
J. J. Vrolyk, R. C. Mitchell, and R. W. Melvold. Dec 76,
110p R-9659, EPA/600/2-76/300
Contract EPA-68-03-0234
A development program was performed successfully
to develop and test a prototype system for temporarily
stopping the flow of hazardous materials spilling on
land or underwater from ruptured or damaged contain-
ers. The prototype system is portable, integrated, and
field-operable by one man. It uses foamed-in-place
polyurethane rigid foam plugs surrounded by a flexible
protective membrane for sealing leaks. An applicator
tip attached to a long handle is placed into the leak.
The foam delivery system then is actuated and the
foam chemicals, which are stored in a backpack, are
automatically mixed and forced through a delivery tube
and into the applicator tip expanding it both inside and
outside the tank. The foam hardens in a few minutes
and locks the plug in place. The applicator is then de-
tached from the delivery system, which then can be re-
filled with foam chemicals and reused with a new appli-
cator. The prototype leak-plugging system from this
project has been developed to the point that it is now
realistic to project practical field use of such a system.
A preliminary implementation plan, including recom-
mendations for additional work needed, is outlined.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Containers, 'Leak-
age, 'Plugging, Sealers, Foaming agents, Polyure-
thane resins, Portable equipment, Water pollution.
PB-267 266/6 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, Ohio. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
OH Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, August 1976-
Octooer 1976. Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspect, and Paul
Nordin. Feb 77,321 p EPA/600/2-77/037
Grant EPA-R-803992
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-264 870.
The August 1976 - October 1976 Oil Spill and Oil Pollu-
tion Reports is the ninth quarterly compilation of oil
spill events and oil pollution report summaries. Pre-
sented in the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill
events; (b) summaries and bibliographic literature cita-
tions; (c) summaries of current research projects; and
(d) patent summaries. This report is submitted in partial
fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-803392 by the Marine
Science Institute, University of California, Santa Bar-
bara, under the sponsorship of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Abstracts, Research projects, Detection, Evalu-
ation, Monitoring, Sources, Prevention, Control,
Cleanup time, Containment, Oil recovery, Specialized
training, Economic impact, Regulations, Degradation,
Legislation, Standards, Removal, 'Oil spills, Water pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB-267 280/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Alluvial Valley Floor* In East-Central Montana and
Their Relation to Strlppable Coal Reserves - A Re-
connaissance Report,
Montana Energy Advisory Council, Helena.
Jack Schmidt. Jan 77,148p EPA/908/4-77/001,,
EPA/OEA-76/1
Prepared in cooperation with Montana State Dept. of
Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena, and
Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conserva-
tion, Helena. Water Quality Bureau.
December 1983 145
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report is the result of reconnaissance field work
and air photo interpretation conducted during late
summer and fall, 1976. The chief purpose of the
project was the preliminary assessment of the impact
of a prohibition against mining alluvial valley floors on
the coal resources of portions of Dawson, Qarfield,
McCone, and Richland Counties, Montana. A second-
ary purpose was the assessment of some of the physi-
cal and land use characteristics of these areas, and
their importance to the local farming and ranching
economy. Field work, data compilation, and report
preparation were accomplished in less than five
months. Thus, it must be emphasized that the report is
reconnaissance in nature. The report is no substitute
for site specific field work related to a particular mining
proposal, which should document ground water levels,
surface and subsurface soil and water salinity, aquifer
relationships, the economic importance of a particular
valley floor to individual ranchers and farmers, and
identify specific mining and reclamation problems.
Keywords: *Coal mines, 'Alluvium, 'Montana, Geo-
logical maps, Hydrology, Geological surveys, Surface
i lining, Strip mining, Land reclamation, Aerial photog-
raphy, Agriculture, Farms, Ranches, Environmental im-
pacts, Government policies, Regulations, Legislation.
PB-267 283/0 PC A02/MF A01
Nondestructive Multielement Instrumental Neu-
tron Activation Analysis,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Analytical
Chemistry Branch.
Robert V. Moore, and Oliver W. Propheter. Feb 77.25p
EPA/600/4-77/011
A nondestructive instrumental neutron activation anal-
ysis procedure permitted accurate and sensitive meas-
urement of most elements with atomic numbers be-
tween 11 and 92. The sensitivity of the procedure was
dependent on each element's intrinsic characteristics
and the sample matrix. Arsenic was used both as an
elemental single comparator and as a thermal neutron
flux monitor. Comparison conditions were established
for both long and short irradiations. Other elemental
standards, or unknown samples, were irradiated with
flux monitors. Gamma counts of the sample were com-
pared with those of the standards, both having been
adjusted to the standard conditions through the flux
monitors. The procedure permitted wide latitude in irra-
diation time, decay time, multichannel analysis time,
relative detector-to-sample geometry, and sample
size. Analysis of standard reference materials showed
that 16 out of 23 elements in Orchard Leaves, for
which comparison data were available, agreed within
20%. In Coal 24 out of 30 elemental analyses, and in
Coal Fly Ash 21 out of 29 elemental analyses, agreed
within 20% of comparison data. Differences greater
than 50% were found for antimony, zinc, and a few
trace elements near their detection limits.
Keywords: 'Neutron activation analysis. Performance
evaluation, Comparisons, Standards, Trace elements,
Monitors, Concentration(Composition), Samples, Pol-
lution, Standard reference materials, Orchard leaves,
'Environmental monitoring.
PB-267 284/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes by Sulflde
Precipitation. Final rept.,
Metal Finishers' Foundation, Upper Montclair, N.J.
Richard M. Schlauch, and Arthur C. Epstein. Feb 77,
89p EPA/600/2-77/049
GrantEPA-R-8-2914
Prepared by PermutitCo., Princeton, N.J.
This project involved precipitating heavy metals nor-
mally present in metal finishing wastewaters by a novel
process which employs ferrous sulfide addition
(Sulfex), as well as by conventional treatment using
calcium hydroxide for comparison purposes. These
studies consisted of laboratory jar tests and bench
scale tests to determine the chemical and physical re-
quirements for the precipitation of the heavy metals
and the subsequent dewatering of the resulting
sludges. Following the laboratory tests, pilot plant
tests were made to confirm the validity of the labora-
tory test results and provide realistic operating data.
As a result, it was demonstrated that Sulfex is a techni-
cally viable process that is superior to conventional hy-
droxide precipitation for removal of copper, cadmium,
nickel, and zinc from a given influent. And, when oper-
ated in the pH 8-9.0 range, the Sulfex process will
remove total chromium to a concentration which is
less than or equal to that from a conventional hydrox-
ide precipitation process. Hexavalent chromium can
be removed by Sulfex in a one-step operation. The ef-
fluent quality from either process is dependent on the
type and concentration of complexing agents present
in the influent.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal finishing,
'Precipitators, Performance evaluation,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Industrial wastes, Sludge,
Iron sulfides, Calcium hydroxide, Comparisons, Proc-
ess charting, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, Oper-
ating costs, Electroplating, Dewatering, Experimental
design, Pilot plants, Complex compounds, Cost analy-
sis, Heavy metals, Sludge treatment, 'Sulfex process.
PB-267 285/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Nitrate Interference In Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen De-
terminations and Its Removal by Anlon Exchange
Resins,
Central State Univ., Wilberforce, Ohio. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
Albert Schleuter. Feb 77,27p EPA/600/7-77/017
Grant EPA-R-802755-02
The standard methods for analysis of water and waste
samples are under continual review to assure that the
most accurate results possible are obtained. If a
chemical interference in an important analytical proce-
dure is discovered it must be evaluated and if neces-
sary a procedure modification made to circumvent the
interference. The interference of nitrate with the deter-
mination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was investi-
gated. TKN losses of greater than 90% were observed
in solutions containing a nitrate-nitrogen concentration
ten times the TKN level. The loss was found by in-
frared spectroscopy to be occurring due to nitrate and
ammonia decomposition to nitrous oxide at the elevat-
ed TKN digestion temperatures. Prevention of the ni-
trate interference in TKN analyses was found to be
possible only by removal of nitrate prior to TKN analy-
sis. Several anion-exchange resins in the chloride form
were found effective in this removal. Samples contain-
ing known TKN levels and high nitrate concentration
when treated by these resins prior to TKN analysis
gave nearly 100% TKN recovery on TKN analysis.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Nitrogen, Water pollu-
tion, Infrared spectroscopy,
Concentratipn(Composition), Organic nitrates, Ion ex-
change resins, Temperature, Sediments, Water qual-
ity, Microorganisms, Electrodes, Anions, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Experimental
design, Ammonia, 'Kjeldahl method, Procedures,
Water pollution detection, Solid wastes.
PB-267 314/3 PC A11/MF A01
EPA Enforcement - A Progress Report, December
1974 to December 1975: Air, Noise, Pesticides,
Water.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Enforcement.
1976,228p
See also report dated 1975, PB-244 948, and PB-267
315.
The report on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's air, noise, pesticides, and water enforcement ac-
tivities presented here is the third In a series of vol-
umes seeking to inform all interested segments of the
American public on the problems encountered, and
the progress achieved, in enforcing the nation's envi-
ronmental protection laws.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Pesticides, 'Noise pollution, Law en-
forcement, Surveys, Government policies, Standards,
Sources, Penalties, Organizations, State programs,
Standards compliance, Violations.
PB-267 315/0 PC A10/MF A01
EPA Enforcement - A Progress Report for 1976:
Air, Noise, Water, Pesticides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Enforcement.
Jan77,219p
See also report dated 1976, PB-267 314.
This report, the fourth in a series of EPA Enforcement
Progress Reports, covers the period January 1, 1976,
through September 30, 1976. The report documents
enforcement activities carried out directly by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. As such, it enumer-
ates only a portion of the environmental enforcement
activities in this country. The enforcement of our na-
tion's environmental laws is a task shared by the Fed-
eral, State and local governments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Noise reduction,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Pesticides, Law enforce-
ment, Surveys, Government policies, Standards, Pen-
alties, Sources, Organizations, OH pollution, National
government, State government, Local government,
Standards compliance, Violations.
PB-267 317/6 PC A19/MF A01
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Annual National Conference on Radiation Control
(8th)»Radlatlon Benefits and Risks: Facts, Issue*,
and Options Held In Springfield, Illinois on May 2-
7,1976.
Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockvllle, Md.
Apr 77, 440p* FDA/BRH-77/100, DHEW/PUB/FDA-
77/8021
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-251 344. Sponsored
in part by Conference of Radiation Control Program Di-
rectors, Inc., Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, D.C. and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Wash-
ington, D.C.
The publication contains the proceedings of the 8th
Annual National Conference on Radiation Control-Ra-
diation Benefits and Risks: Facts, Issues, and Options,
held May 2-7, 1976, in Springfield, Illinois. Sponsors
were the Conference of Radiation Control Program Di-
rectors, Inc., the Bureau of Radiological Health, FDA;
the Environmental Protection Agency; and the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Participants repre-
senting State and major local radiation control pro-
grams, as well as Federal agencies, discussed mutual
radiation control programs. The formal presentations
and the reports of the various task forces and work-
shops are included in the proceedings.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Radiation, 'Health physics,
Evaluation, Radiology, Radiobiology, Control, Pollu-
tion, Government agencies, Standards, Guidelines,
Waste disposal, Dosimetry, Radiation protection,
Public health, Nuclear energy, National government,
State government, Local government, Computerized
axial tomography, Mammography.
PB-267 339/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Contamination from Trace Ele-
ments In Coal Preparation Wastes. A Literature
Review and Assessment. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 76,
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex.
E. M. Wewerka, J. M. Williams, P. O. Wanek, and J. D.
Olsen. Aug 76, 69p LA-6600-MS, EPA/600/7-76/007
Sponsored in part by Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Washington, D.C. Report on Fed-
eral Energy/Environmental Research and Develop-
ment Program.
The report gives results of collecting and evaluating
available information on the chemistry and behavior of
trace elements in coal preparation wastes, and as-
sessing the potential for environmental contamination
from the trace elements in these wastes. Only limited
attention has been given previously to the chemistry of
trace elements in coal waste materials; however, most
of the knowledge concerning trace elements and min-
erals in raw coals can be applied directly to coal
wastes. Nearly every naturally occurring element is
likely to be present in coal and coal refuse. The fate of
these elements during coal preparation is poorly de-
fined; but, large concentrations of trace elements are
discarded in the washing refuse. Although the behav-
ior of trace elements during refuse weathering, leach-
ing, and burning Is not well understood, sufficient data
exists to show that toxic or harmful quantities of ele-
ments (e.g., Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Nl, and 2n) are often re-
leased to the environment. A comprehensive assess-
ment of the full potential for environmental contamina-
tion from the trace elements In these wastes cannot be
made without further extensive research.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Coal preparation, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Reviews, 'Assessment, Industrial
waste treatment, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid
146 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waste disposal, Materials recovery, Minerals, Combus-
tion products, Concentration(Composition), Informa-
tion retrieval.
PB-267 371/3 PC A09/MF A01
Manual of Water Well Construction Practical.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
1977,178p* EPA/570/9-75/001
The report contair.d standards for water well construc-
tion developed by a committee comprised of technical
and well contractor personnel. The standards will
serve to educate the public and upgrade existing well
construction techniques in order to protect ground
water reserves.
Keywords: 'Water wells, 'Construction management,
Well tests, Well surveys, Well casings, Well Togging,
Geophysical prospecting, Construction materials, Pay-
ment, Standards.
PB-267 373/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Solid Waste Management Office
Recovery of Landfill Qaa at Mountain View. Engi-
neering Site Study. Final rept.,
Mountain View, Cafif.
John A. Carlson. 1977,71 p EPA/530/SW-587d
Grant EPA-S-803396
The objective of the project was to determine how
much methane gas can be withdrawn from a shallow
sanitary landfill at a suitable quality and quantity to
make It economically feasible for commercial use. The
site of the sanitary landfill is Shoreline Regional Park in
the City of Mountain View, California. The typical depth
of the landfill is 40 feet. This report investigates the via-
bility of producing methane gas from a shallow sanitary
landfill. By measuring the landfill gas composition, gas
withdrawal rates, decomposition temperature, pH, and
the pressures within the refuse, this project attempted
to provide the composition and quality of the landfill
flas, optimum gas withdrawal, well spacing and gas
withdrawal rates, potential gas production rate, and
the affect of varying the water moisture content of the
refuse on the gas production.
Keywords: 'Sanitary landfills, 'Methane, 'Materials re-
covery, 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse disposal, Gas
sampling, Feasibility, Gas analysis, Decomposition,
Pressure, pH, Moisture, California, Mountain
View(California).
fB-267 441/4 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Reaearch In Fabric Filtration: Annual Report
*n IERL-RTP Inhouae Program. Rept. for Apr 72-
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
J«mes H. Turner. May 77,38p EPA/600/7-77/042
The report summarizes EPA's Inhouse research pro-
gram in fabric filtration, involving investigations into the
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
port of pxidant and oxidant precursors through the
area. This report documents the scope of participation
of the Environmental Monitoring and Support Labora-
tory at Las Vegas Long Range Air Monitoring Aircraft in
the study. The report includes a description of the
monitoring system, considerations involved in the op-
eration of the system, and a presentation of the data
collected by the system.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, "Air pollution, Monitoring,
Measuring instruments, Quality control, Quality assur-
ance, Design criteria, Aerial surveys,
Cpncentratipn(Compositipn), Graphic method, Ozone,
Nitrogen oxide(NO), Profiles, *Air quality data, "North-
east Region(United States).
PB-267 548/6 PC A07/MF A01
State of the Art: Wastewater Management in the
Beverage Industry. Final rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Michael E. Joyce, James F. Scaief, Max W. Cochrane,
and Kenneth A. Dostal. Feb 77,126p* EPA/600/2-
77/048
The general purpose of this paper is to investigate,
through the literature, the water pollution impact
caused by the wastes from the beverage industry and
the methods available to combat the associated prob-
lems. The size of each industry is discussed along with
production processes, wastewater sources and efflu-
ent characteristics. Wastewater management tech-
niques are described in terms of in-plant recycling, by-
product recovery and end-of-pipe treatment along with
the economics of treatment. The malt liquor, malting,
soft drink, and flavoring industries primarily dispose of
their effluents in municipal sewers. In-plant recycling
and by-product recovery techniques have been devel-
oped in these industries to reduce their raw waste
load. The wine and brandy and distilled spirits indus-
tries in many cases must treat their own effluent so
they have developed wastewater management sys-
tems including industry-owned treatment plants that
yield good effluents, the technology to adequately
treat rum distillery wastewater has not been demon-
strated. The information basis for this paper was a lit-
erature search, an effluent guidelines report done for
EPA, limited site visits, personal communications and
an unpublished report conducted for EPA that included
questionnaire surveys of the industries.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, "Management planning, 'Food process-
ing, Beverages, Recycling, Byproducts, Economics,
Cost estimates, Process charting, Beer, Wines, Food
industry, SIC 2082, SIC 2083, SIC 2084, SIC 2085, SIC
2086, SIC 2087, 'Beverage industry.
PB-267 549/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Foam Flotation Treatment of Heavy Metals and
Fluoride-Bearing Industrial Wastewaters. Final
rept,
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, Tenn.
David J. Wilson. Apr 77,90p EPA/600/2-77/072
Grant EPA-R-803564
Laboratory studies demonstrated that the floe foam
flotation techniques are effective in removing lead,
cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, arsenic, and fluoride
from dilute wastewaters to very low levels. Simulated
as well as real industrial wastewaters were studied. In-
dustrial wastewaters studied originated from primary
aluminum smelters, secondary lead smelters, and
brass mills. Copper, lead and arsenic are readily re-
moved with Fe(OH)3 and sodium lauryl sulfate; fluoride
and zinc, with AI(OH)3 and sodium lauryl sulfate; cad-
mium and mercury, with CuS and hexadecyltrimethy-
lammonium bromide. Batch techniques as well as con-
tinuous flow systems were used; the latter proved to
be more efficient. Possibility of surfactant recovery
was investigated. Rotation column simulator computer
program was also constructed. Floe foam flotation
techniques are not suitable for treatment of wastes
containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and
adequate pH control is essential in most separations.
Foam separation processes combine the attractive
features of simplicity, economy, potential for recovery,
and effective removal of pollutants at low concentra-
tions in wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Flotation,
"Water pollution control, 'Surfactants, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Metals, Foaming agents, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Lead(Metal), Isotherms,
Separation, Cadmium, Mercury(Metal), Copper, Zinc,
Arsenic, Columns(Process engineering), Mathematical
models, Numerical analysis, Fluorides, Smelters,
Brasses, Water treatment, Potable water, 'Heavy
metals, 'Froth floation, Aluminum smelters, Lead
smelters.
PB-267 550/2 PC A02/MF A01
Phycovirus Bibliography,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Virology Section.
Robert S. Safferman, and Mary-Ellen Morris. May 77,
19p* EPA/600/9-77/008
The volume comprises a comprehensive survey of the
phycovirus literature. It covers the period from their
isolation to the present time.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Viruses, 'Plant viruses,
Aquatic plants, Algae, Degradation, Parasites, 'Phyco-
viruses, Lysis, Hosts(Biology).
PB-267 551/0 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Gaseous Emissions from Unregulated Mobile
Sources. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
Industrial Health.
Donald E. Zinger, and Lawrence H. Hecker. Oct 76,
291 p
Grant EPA-R-803568-01 -0
The impact of gaseous emissions are determined for
unregulated mobile sources: farm equipment, mer-
chant vessels, locomotives, lawn and garden tools,
snowmobiles, outboard motors, and transport refrig-
eration units. All but farm equipment and snowmobiles
appear to have negligible impact on total air burden.
Future impact of these sources in certain areas are
discussed. The current emission rates of each catego-
ry are tabulated and compared to other emissions from
both mobile and stationary sources in the study area.
As significance of these unregulated source will in-
crease, projections are made as to the expected in-
crease of emissions from each source category
through 1980. Computer programs with instructions to
estimate the rates in any Air Quality Control Region are
given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Inven-
tories, Agricultural machinery, Merchant ships, Loco-
motives, Snow vehicles, Sources, Environmental sur-
veys, Rates(Per time), Nonstationary sources, Garden
machinery, Air quality maintenance, Unregulated emis-
sions, Air quality control regions.
PB-267 555/1 PC A10/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Control Systems Lab.
Chemically Active Fluid-Bed Process for Sulphur
Removal During Gasification of Heavy Fuel Oil -
Second Phase,
Esso Research Centre, Abingdon (England).
J. W. T. Craig, G. L. Johnes, G. Moss, 1 H. Taylor, and
D. E. Tisdall. Nov 73,208p EPA/650/2-73/039
Contract EPA-68-02-0300
See also report dated Nov 74, PB-240 632.
The report describes the second phase of studies on
the CAFB process for desulfurizing gasification of
heavy fuel oil in a bed of hot lime. The first continuous
pilot plant test with U.S. limestone BCR 1691 experi-
enced local stone sintering and severe production of
sticky dust during startup. Batch tests confirmed that
BCR 1691 produced more dust than the purer Den-
bighshire or U.S. BCR 1359 stones. With BCR 1691,
10 times more dust was produced during kerosene
combustion at 870C than during gasification/regen-
eration. The continuous pilot plant was modified to im-
prove operability under dusty conditions: 332 gasifica-
tion hours were spent in a second run with Denbigh-
shire and BCR 1691 stones in six operating periods,
the longest being 109 hours. Sulfur removal efficiency
was comparable for the two stones, ranging from 60 to
95%. Regenerator performance was less satisfactory
than in earlier tests. A poor sulfur material balance in-
dicates need for improved analytical procedures. Total
CAFB development through a large demonstration test
will probably take about 6-7 years and require
$3,320,000 In engineering effort.
Keywords: 'Fuel oil, 'Gasification, 'Desulfurization,
'Air pollution control equipment, Fluidized bed proces-
sors, Limestone, Heavy oils, Pilot plants, Revisions,
Performance evaluation, Field tests, Sulfur dioxide,
Manufactured gas, Experimental design, Tables(Data),
Particle size, Calcium carbonates, Process charting,
'Chemically active fluidized bed process, Oil gasifica-
tion.
PB-267 557/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Cleaning Up Mixed Waste Streams-The Tank
Truck Washing Example. Executive rept. FY 1976,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
Richard Laska. Apr 77,12p M77-2, EPA/600/9-77/
007
Contract EPA-68-01-3188
Prepared jointly by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. Office of Energy, Minerals and In-
dustry.
This Executive Report describes the joint venture of
EPA's Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry and the
Matlack Corporation into the construction and demon-
stration of a full-scale tank truck wastewater treatment
plant. The report covers the technical and economic
viability of the system.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment,
Tanks(Container), Hazardous materials, Process
charting, Chemical industry, Separation, Flotation, Fil-
tration, Activated carbon, Cleaning agents, Cost analy-
sis, Economics, Washing, Forecasting, Mobile equip-
ment, 'Liquid waste disposal, Physical chemical treat-
ment, Water pollution control.
PB-267 558/5 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Survey of Sulfate, Nitrate, and Acid Aerosol
Emissions and Their Control. Final task rept.,
Battelle-Columbus Labs., Ohio.
J. F. Kircher, A. A. Putnam, D. A. Ball, H. H. Krause,
and J. M. Genco. Apr 77,179p EPA/600/7-77/041
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The report gives results of an evaluation of the effects
of fuel and combustion modifications on the formation
of primary acid aerosols (used broadly to include all
sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, and fluorides in all their
forms) and their significance as combustion-generated
pollutants from large stationary sources. Primary acid
aerosols are emitted directly from a source or formed
(primarily by condensation reactants) In the immediate
vicinity (0.5 mile); secondary aerosols, formed down-
stream in the plume, are not considered. Available,
rather meager field data were collected and Interpret-
ed in view of current knowledge of mechanisms of for-
mation of potential acid aerosols and their precursors.
Although sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, and fluorides
were considered, based on available data, only sul-
fates appear to be significant as primary acid aerosols.
All of the various combustion modifications for NOx
control are expected to have little effect on primary
acid aerosol emissions, except perhaps firing with tow
excess air which has a potential to abate both NOx
and acid aerosol emissions. Combustion modifications
and fuel changes may lead to an increased formation
of small particles which could Increase the formation
of acid aerosols through heterogeneous reactions.
Most effects, however, are speculative due to the
meager data available. Information gaps have been
identified; further research is Indicated
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Inorganic sulfates,
'Inorganic nitrates, 'Acids, 'Aerosols, Fluorides, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Revisions,
Chlorides, Flue gases, Field tests, Pilot planes,
Plumes, Gas analysis, Fuels, Sources, Nitrogen
oxides, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Fly ash, Fuel ad-
ditives, Chemical reactions, Environmental surveys,
Stationary sources, Homogeneous reactions, Hetero-
geneous reactions, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-267 559/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Behavior of Mercury, Chromium, and Cadmium In
Aquatic Systems. Extramural rept. 1972-75,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Zoology.
James E. Schindler, and James J. Alberts. Feb 77,70p
EPA/600/3-77/023
148 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-800427
Prepared in cooperation with Argonne National Lab.,
This report Is concerned with determining the fate and
possible transformations of mercury, cadmium, and
chromium in freshwater sediment-water environments.
Mercury and cadmium show a high affinity for natural
organic (humic and fulvic) material. Organic material
may also cause or catalyze the reduction of Ionic mer-
cury to elemental mercury. The rate of release of ele-
mental mercury from lake sediments depends on both
the amount ant1
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
would produce. All factors shown are for the 1974
through 1980 model years.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Environmental impacts, Government policies,
Standards, Fuel consumption, Inorganic sulfates, Cost
analysis, Automobiles, Concentration(Composition),
Sulfur inorganic compounds, Forecasting, Gasoline,
National government, Catalyst reactors(Exhaust
system), Tradeoffs, Air pollution standards, 'Auto-
mobile exhaust.
PB-267 S89/0 PC A03/MF A01
Handbook of Procedures, Construction Grant
Programs for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works. Transmittal memo.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Dec 76,30p EPA/MCD-03.2, TM-77-1
See also report dated Aug 76, PB-260 649.
This transmittal memorandum offers a revision to the
'Construction Grants Handbopk of Procedures' MCD -
03. This is the second updating in a series to be of-
fered.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Construction, 'Grants, Handbooks, Industrial
plants, Revisions, Municipalities, Cost engineering,
Regulations.
PB-267 596/5 PC A04/MF A01
Model State Water Monitoring Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Jun 75,62p* EPA/440/9-74/002
This model state water monitoring program was devel-
oped by a panel of Federal and State professionals ac-
tively engaged in managing and operating monitoring
programs. It is presented to others in monitoring and
the field of water pollution control in order to: (1) Pro-
vide some basis to the States for building and operat-
ing water monitoring programs; (2) illustrate the var-
ious types of monitoring activities, their costs and their
uses; and, (3) suggest to EPA Regions and States how
they can best use monitoring resources in carrying out
their responsibilities in pollution control and abate-
ment.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Monitoring,
'Water pollution. Project planning, Management
planning, Ground water, Environmental surveys, Sam-
pling, Aquatic animals, Lakes, Eutrophication, Informa-
tion systems, Quality assurance, Toxic substances,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-267 600/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Study to Support New Source Performance
Standards for the Dry Cleaning Industry. Final
rept. Dec 74-May 76,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div, Vienna, Va.
Billy C. McCoy. May 76,112p EPA/450/3-76/029
Contract EPA-68-02-1412
The dry cleaning industry is described in terms of
structure, processes, and emissions, air pollution con-
trol techniques used, and typical plant modifications.
Hydrocarbon emissions occur from the evaporation of
dry cleaning solvents, which include trichlorptrifluor-
oethane, perchloroethylene, and petroleum distillates.
Certain control technique configurations are assumed,
and the environmental and economic impacts of those
controls are assessed.
Keywords: 'Dry cleaning, 'Industrial wastes, Process
charting, Solvents, Economic impacts, Cost and analy-
sis, Crude oil. Revisions, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, Standards, Hydrocarbons, Performance evalua-
tion, Environmental impact statements, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ethylene/chloro, Ethene/trichloro-tri-
fluoro, 'Pollution control, Solid wastes, Final report.
PB-267 601/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Proceedings of trie International Symposium on
Marine Pollution Research Held In Gulf Breeze,
Florida on January 27-29,1976. Final rept.,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
lands Resources.
Samuel P. Meyers. Jan 76,177p EPA/600/9-76/032
Grant EPA-R-803141-01-0
The symposium papers discuss how man's activities
have affected natural resources of a coastal environ-
ment. Participants, representing international aspects
of coastal pollution, reviewed current status of re-
search and procedures planned to minimize offshore
coastal damage. Subjects included are: An overview of
the USEPA program in marine pollution research; Re-
sponsibilities for marine pollution research within fed-
eral agencies of the United States; Overview of marine
pollution research in the Baltic; Marine pollution re-
search in Yugoslavia; Overview of marine pollution re-
search in Egypt; Overview on pollution in the coastal
environment of Pakistan and its possible implication
for the marine ecosystem; Overviews on marine pollu-
tion in India; Research needs concerning pollution of
the marine benthos; Hydrological, chemical and physi-
cal processes affecting pollution of the Baltic Sea; In-
vestigation of pollution-stressed littoral communities in
the Northern Adriatic; Microbiology and chemistry of
estuarine surface microlayers; Survival of viruses in
the marine environment; Relationship of marine pollu-
tion to human health; and Bioassays as indicators of
pollution effects.
Keywords: 'Ocean environments, 'Coasts, 'Water
pollution, 'Meetings, Research management, United
States, Baltic Sea, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Adriatic Sea,
Marine biology, Benthos, Estuaries, Microbiology, Vir-
uses, Littoral zone, Public health, Yugoslavia, Oil pollu-
tion.
PB-267 6Q3/9 PC A03/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Div. of Motor Vehicle Research and De-
velopment.
Exhaust Emission Tests of Four Heavy Duty Gas-
oline Spark-Ignited Engines. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Clifford D. Tyree, and Karl J. Springer. Feb 70,30p
Contract CPA-70-533
This report covers the confirmation tests on four heavy
duty gasoline engines: a 292 CID Chevrolet, a 392 CID
International Harvester, a 360 CID Ford, and a 318 CID
Chrysler. Test methods, equipment, and instrumenta-
tion are described. The exhaust gases generated
during the test sequence are sampled continually, and
specific component concentrations obtained via non-
dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysers. The basic ex-
haust emission test is designed to provide single
values for hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide on an
engine dynamometer simulating a truck driving pattern
in a metropolitan area. Composite emission values ob-
tained are presented.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Spark ignition en-
gines, Gasoline, Air pollution, Infrared spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Tests, Measuring instru-
ments, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Test en-
gines, Tables(Data), Sampling, 'Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-267 610/4 PC A09/MF A01
Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement. Volume I: Proposed Standards of Per-
formance for Lignite-Fired Steam Generators.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission. Standards and Engineering Div.
Dec 76,192p* EPA/450/2-76/030a
A standard of performance for the control of emissions
of nitrogen oxides from new and modified lignite-fired
steam generators is being proposed under the authori-
ty of section 111 of the Clean Air Act. When standards
of performance for large steam generators were pro-
mulgated under Subpart D of Part 60, lignite-fired units
were exempted from the nitrogen oxides standard (the
sulfur dioxide and paniculate matter standards are ap-
plicable to lignite-firing) because of a lack of data on
attainable levels of emission from such units. Since
then, sufficient data has been obtained to propose a
standard. This document contains the background in-
formation, environmental impact assessment, and the
rationale for the derivation of the proposed standard.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Standards,
'Electric power generation, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'As-
sessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Air pollution control. Cost analysis, Economics, Boil-
ers, Lignite, Coal, Substitutes, Law enforcement, Reg-
ulations, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Particles, Capitalized costs, Stationary sources, 'Coal
fired power plants, 'Steam power plants.
PB-267 613/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Reliability Study of Vapor Recovery Systems at
Service stations,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
R. J. Bryan, L. G. Wayne, and R. L Norton. Mar 76,
103p EPA/450/3-76/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1405
A study was conducted of the operational reliability of
vapor recovery systems at gasoline service stations in
San Diego County, California. Periodic inspections at
24 stations were conducted to examine the condition
of these systems, to determine their operational
status, and to check for detectable gasoline vapor
losses from control equipment. The study demonstrat-
ed that capture of vapors at the vehicle was more ef-
fective with vacuum-assisted systems than with vapor
balance systems. However, the reliability of the
vacuum-assisted systems was not good in general al-
though there was substantial variation depending upon
the type of unit.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Gas sam-
pling, 'Refueling, 'Vaporizing, Gasoline, Hydrocar-
bons, Process charting, Design criteria, Revisions, Ma-
terials recovery, Performance evaluation, Evaporation,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Service stations, 'Fugitive
emissions, CalilormaiSan Diego County).
PB-267 623/7 PC A14/MF A01
The Cost of Clean Air. Annual rept.
Committee on Public Works (U.S. Senate).
Sep74,318p
Presented at the 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, Pursu-
ant to S. Res. 393, Document No. 93-122. Prepared by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of the Administrator.
Section 312(a) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1970 requires an annual report on the prospective
costs and impacts of governmental and private efforts
to carry out the provisions of the Act. This report is the
sixth submitted under the Act. National cost estimates
are presented for governmental programs as well as
those for the control of the major sources of air pollu-
tion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Cost analysis,
Government policies, Industrial engineering, Legisla-
tion, Projects, Exhaust emissions, Control, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Industries, 'Clean Air
Act.
PB-267 626/0 PC A05/MF A01
The Cost of Clean Air. Annual rept.
Committee on Public Works (U.S. Senate).
Oct73,100p
Presented at the 93rd Congress, 1 st Session, Pursu-
ant to S. Res. 163, Document No. 93-40. Prepared by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of the Administrator.
This report to Congress, submitted in accordance with
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, presents pro-
jections of the costs and the results of governmental
and private efforts to carry out provisions of the Act.
The projections cover fiscal years 1974 through 1978,
i.e., from July 1,1973 to July 1,1978.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Cost analysis,
Surveys, Standards, Benefit cost analysis, Public
health, Social welfare, Projects, Government policies,
Sources, Exhaust emissions, Control, Industrial
wastes, Fossil fuels, Combustion products, Industries,
Legislation, Projection, 'Clean Air Act.
PB-267 630/2 PC A08/MF A01
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C,
Office of Water Supply.
1976,163p* EPA/570/9-76/003
150 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions published herein were promulgated on Decem-
ber 24, 1975, in accordance with the provisions of the
Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93-523), Addition-
al Interim Primary Regulations for radioactivity in drink-
ing water were promulgated on July 9, 1976. These
regulations become effective on June 24, 1977, and
become in essence the standards by which all public
drinking water supplies are judged.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Regulations, 'Water
supply, Legislation, Standards, Public health, Water
pollution, Water quality management, Monitoring, Ana-
lyzing, Radioactive isotopes, Chemical compounds,
National government, 'Drinking water, Water pollution
standards, 'Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974.
PB-267 632/8 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Evaluation of Pollution Potential of Proposed
Hampton Roads Energy Company Refinery,
Portsmouth, Virginia,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
Leslie E. Norton, and Karl Kuedtke. Nov 76,245p
EPA/450/3-76/037
Contract EPA-68-02-1378
This report is an evaluation of air pollution potential as-
sociated with the proposed Hampton Roads Energy
Company Petroleum Refinery to be located at Ports-
mouth, Virginia, and was prepared for the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. Emission estimates in
this report reflect the use of best available control
technology for both fugitive and point sources. The
report analyzes paniculate, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, and hydrocarbon emissions. The estimate of
emissions from the refinery complex includes the un-
loading of crude tankers, and the loading of product
barges at the marine facilities. Calculations by the re-
finery contractor (Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation)
are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refineries, Manage-
ment planning, Sulfur, Chemical plants, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Numerical analysis, Sampling, Pe-
troleum industry, Inplant processes, Equipment speci-
fications, Sources, Sludge, Hydrocarbons, Plant loca-
tion, Crude oil, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrogen, Catalysis, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Distillation, Air pollution sampling,
Hampton Roads Energy Company Petroleum Refin-
ery, Oil water separators, Portsmouth(Virginia), Point
sources, Catalytic chamber process, Merox unit.
PB-267 633/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Nitrogen Oxide Control with the Delayed-Mlxlng,
Stratlfled-Charge Engine Concept. Report for 10
Nov 75-9 NOV 76,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering and Statistics.
L. W. Evers, P. S. Myers, and 0. A. Uyehara. Jul 76,
287p EPA/460/3-76/022
Grant EPA-R-803858-01 -0
The purpose of this study is to explore methods of con-
trolling the nitrogen oxide emissions from internal com-
bustion engines. From computer calculations, the de-
!ayed mixing stratified charge engine concept was se-
lected. In the delayed mixing stratified charge engine
concept, combustion is initiated and completed In a
Hiel-rich region, then air is mixed into those rich prod-
ucts. A study of existing engines shows that some
operational stratified charge engines limit nitrogen
oxide emissions in a manner similar to the delayed
mixing concept. A single cylinder engine was modified
to include an air Injection valve. When air was injected
after rich combustion, the nitrogen oxide emissions
Were lower, the hydrocarbon emissions were lower,
the carbon monoxide emissions were about the same
and the efficiencies were lower than for homogeneous
operation at the same overall luel-air ratio.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Air
Pollution control, 'Stratified charge engines, Numeri-
cal analysis, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Internal
combustion engines, Nitrogen oxlde(NO), Mixing, Ho-
fnogenlzing, Computer programs, Performance evalu-
ation, Design criteria, Mathematical models, Test en-
gines, Experimental design, Diameters, Computer pro-
gramming, Air fuel ratio, Air injection systems.
PB-267 634/4 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Development of HATREMS Data Base and Emis-
sion Inventory Evaluation. Final rept. Jul 76-Mar 77,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Christine M. Maxwell, Russell Bohn, Roger Caiazza,
and Chatten Cowherd, Jr. Apr 77,213p EPA/450/3-
77/011
Contract EPA-68-02-2390
See also report dated Dec 73, PB-230 894.
This report presents the results of an extensive data
collection and analysis program which was conducted
to (a) develop an emission factor data base for HA-
TREMS; (b) prepare this data for loading into HA-
TREMS; and (c) evaluate emission inventory informa-
tion from HATREMS. HATREMS is a computerized
subsystem of EPA's AEROS. HATREMS stores and
reports source and emission data for noncriteria pollut-
ants in a manner parallel to NEDS which stores and re-
ports data for the five criteria pollutants. Three hazard-
ous pollutants (lead, fluorides, and HCI/chlorine) were
selected from a list of nine pollutants for incorporation
as separate chapters into 'Emission Factors for Trace
Subtances'. These special report chapters are includ-
ed as appendices to this report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Water pollution, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Data acquisition, Data processing, Sys-
tems engineering, Computer programming, Sources,
Factor analysis, Rates(Per time), States(United
States), Counties, Classifications, Coding, Inventories,
Information systems, Hazardous and trace emission
system, Aerometric and emission reporting system,
Point sources, Area sources, Air quality control re-
gions, Data bases.
PB-267 659/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Revision of Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emission
Factors. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
C. E. Burklin, and R. L. Honerkamp. Aug 76,130p
RAD-TN-100-086-01, EPA/450/3-76/039
Contract EPA-68-02-1889
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-254 274.
The increased use of EPA Document AP-42 entitled
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors and
EPA's National Emission Data System (NEDS) have
brought to light a need to improve the emission factors
pertaining to evaporative hydrocarbon losses from the
petroleum industry. As defined for this program, the
petroleum industry comprises production, transporta-
tion, storage, refining, and marketing operations for
petroleum crude oil and petroleum products. This
report presents the work performed to update and
revise the information presently contained In the EPA
Document AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors related to evaporative hydrocarbon emissions
from the petroleum Industry.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Hydrocarbons, "Petroleum
industry, 'Evaporation control, Fuel storage, Crude
oils, Tests, Refineries, Process charting, Cargo trans-
portation, Tank trucks, Production management, Man-
ufacturing, Petroleum products, Loading procedures,
"Emission factors.
PB-267 711/0 PCA16/MFA01
Impact of Multiple Pollutants on Emergency Room
Admissions. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center. Chicago. School of
Public Health.
Tsukasa Namekata. Dec 76,360p" IIEQ-77-02
Prepared for Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality,
Chicago.
A study was carried out to examine the relationship be-
tween levels of air pollutants and emergency room ad-
missions for illnesses due to respiratory and cardiac
causes in Chicago, Illinois. The report consists of three
parts: Background of the study; analysis of city-wide
average; and analysis of personal air pollution expo-
sure level.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Cardiovascular
diseases, "Public health, Air pollution, Morbidity, Expo-
sure, Urban areas, Climatology, Health care utilization,
Emergency medical services,
Concentration(Composition), Age, Health status, Illi-
nois, Admission(Health care facilities), Synergism, "Air
pollution effects(Humans), "Chicago(illinois), Environ-
mental health.
PB-267 759/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Bureau of Mobile Source Pollution Control.
Determination of Exhaust Emissions From 1971
Model Vehicles,
Olson Labs., Inc., Dearborn, Mich.
H.J.Wimette.Apr71,36p
Contract EPA-68-04-0003
This document reports the exhaust emissions found in
two-hundred fifty 1971 model-year vehicles. The tests
were conducted in Detroit, Michigan during March and
April 1971 to acquire emission data required to imple-
ment provisions of legislation. Measurements were
made of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons,
and oxides of nitrogen. A cross-section of projected
production of 1971 vehicles by the 1972 Federal test
procedures were tested to establish a NOx emission
baseline. Measurement of NOx was accomplished uti-
lizing the Chemiluminescence method. The program
was conducted in four phases: (1) construction and
correlation of a Chemiluminescence instrument; (2)
procurement of a representative sample of 1971 vehi-
cles; (3) testing the vehicles; (4) data reduction.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Carbon monoxide, 'Hydrocarbons, "Motor vehicles,
Chemiluminescence, Measuring instruments, Stand-
ards, Performance evaluation, Tests, Gas samplers,
Tables(Data), Federal test procedures, 'Baseline
measurement, 'Air pollution sampling, Light duty vehi-
cles.
PB-267 774/8 PC A03/MF A01
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., New York.
Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Heavy Duty
Diesel Engine Exhaust Oases. Second year rept.,
Gulf Research and Development Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
R. S. Splndt. 17 Jan 77,50p CRC-APRAC-CAPE-24-72
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. See also report
dated 1 Jul 74, PB-236 686.
During the second year of this project, we developed
improved sampling and analysis methods for PNA in
diesel exhaust. To do this, the authors worked mainly
with one engine at a few fixed speeds and loads and
usually confined our emission measurements to two
PNA species, namely, BaP and BaA. They used the
14C Isotopes of BaP and BaA as tracers to compen-
sate for losses In sampling and analysis. We modified
the sampling system that we had developed in the first
year by diluting the exhaust sample with chilled air (2 to
4 times by volume). They switched from benzene-
methanol to benzene as the filter extractant because
pure benzene extracts fewer polar compounds. Isoto-
pic dilution with 14C PNA's proved to be very valuable,
even essential, In compensating for the PNA sampling
and analysis losses. While the use of 14C PNA tracer
compensated for PNA losses in sample collection and
analysis and improved reproducibllity of the PNA
measurements, it did not reduce the PNA loss. The au-
thors do not yet know whether these losses occur prin-
cipally during sample collection or in analytical proce-
dure.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, "Diesel engines, Diesel fuels, Air pollution,
Exhaust emissions, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sep-
aration, Extraction, Experimental design, Isotopic la-
beling, Laboratory equipment, Ultraviolet spectres-
copy, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ben-
zanthracenes, Carbon Isotopes, Heavy duty vehicles,
Carbon 14, "Air pollution detection, Diesel engine ex-
haust, Benzopyrenes.
PB-267 775/5 PC A06/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source Control Guidance, Construction
Activities. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning andstandards.
Robert E. Thronson. Dec 76,122p"
December 1983 151
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This construction nonpoint source pollution control
guidance document is only one of a series designed to
provide State and areawide 208 Agencies, the Federal
agencies, and other concerned groups and individuals
with Information which will assist them in carrying out
their water-quality planning and implementation re-
sponsibilities. It is provided in accordance with policies
and procedures for the 'Preparation of Water Quality
Management Plans' (40 CFR, Part 131) which states
that 'EPA will prepare guidelines concerning the devel-
opment of water quality management plans to assist
State and areawide planning agencies in carrying out
the provisions of these regulations'. The basic guid-
ance information included in this nonpoint source con-
trol document is principally technical in nature and pre-
sented in four main chapters. They include information
on the identification and assessment of existing con-
struction nonpoint source problems; analysis and pro-
cedures needed for selection of controls; descriptions
of individual and systems of Best Management Prac-
tices (BMP), with a method for determining their effec-
tiveness; and several methods for predicting potential
pollution problems from future construction activities.
Keywords: *Soil erosion, "Construction, *Water pollu-
tion abatement, Assessment, Soils, Climate, Vegeta-
tion, Surface water runoff, Hydrocarbons, Pesticides,
Inorganic salts, Fertilizers, Highways, Dams, Sedi-
ments, Land development, 'Nonpoint sources, Data
requirements, Storm water runoff.
PB-267 783/9 PC A02/MF A01
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., New York.
Measurement of Carbon Isotope Ratios In Volatile
Hydrocarbons Derived from Plants. Final rept,
Teledyne Isotopes, Westwood, N. J.
Donald F. Schutz, and Alan Renwick. Dec 76,25p
IWL-4497-396, CRC-APRAC-CAPA-11 -71
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., and Boyce
Thompson Inst. for Plant Research, Inc., Yonkers, N.Y.
The study explores the possibility of determining
Whether airborne hydrocarbons are predominantly nat-
ural or man-made by measuring their carbon isotope
composition. Difficulties were encountered in finding a
collection system that would quantitatively collect hy-
drocarbons while effectively discriminating against the
large volumes of water vapor and carbon dioxide
which dominated the effluent stream. The various un-
successful approaches to making collections from
living plants are described in the report. The final col-
lection method consisted of warming pine needles to
40C and passing nitrogen through them in a closed
container. Hydrocarbons were collected in a dry ice
cooled trap, purified, combusted to carbon dioxide and
analyzed for carbon isotope composition. The compo-
sition of pure terpene extracts was also determined to
provide a basis for interpreting the data from the efflu-
ent volatiles. The study concludes that some plants
produce hydrocarbons which may be distinguished
from petroleum hydrocarbons while others do not.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Isotopic labeling, "Accu-
mulators, "Gas analysis, Carbon isotopes, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Natural resources,
Plants(Botany), Chemical analyses, Comparisons,
Forecasting, Experimental design, Air pollution, "Air
pollution detection.
PB-267 784/7 PC A06/MF A01
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., New York.
The Fata of Nitrogen Oxides In the Atmosphere.
Second year rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Chester W. Spicer, James L. Gemma, Philip M.
Schumacher, and Gerald F. Ward. Aug 76,122p CRC-
APRAC-CAPA-9-71
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. See also PB-
248 259.
The report describes the second year of a continuing
study to determine the distribution and fate of nitrogen
oxides in the atmosphere. Analytical methods devel-
oped in the first year were refined and validated and
results from the first year study were reexamined with
the aid of additional data collected simultaneously by
other research groups. An instrumental technique for
nitric acid was refined, tested for interference, and
verified against a long-path infra-red technique under
simulated smog conditions. The Interference by PAN
and nitric acid with the chemiluminescent determina-
tion of NO2 was studied with a view toward reducing or
minimizing the interference. Nitric acid Interference
was eliminated by the use of a nylon prefilter on the
chemiluminescent instrument. The interaction of gas-
eous nitric acid with alkaline glass-fiber filters was
shown to yield artifact paniculate nitrate.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Gas analysis, Smog,
Urban areas, Air pollution, Particles, Chemical analy-
sis, Monitoring, Trajectory, Data analysis, Air filters,
Aerosols, Nitric acid, Chemiluminescence, Measuring
instruments, Infrared spectroscopy, Test chambers,
Experimental design, Computerized simulation, Coulo-
meters, "Path of pollutants, "Air pollution detection,
Long path infrared spectroscopy.
PB-267 798/7 PCA15/MFA01
Directory of Federal and State Water Pollution
Standards. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
James W. Patterson. Oct 76,331 p* IIEQ-77-06
This Directory is a compilation of promulgated effluent
and water quality standards of the fifty states, and ef-
fluent limitation guidelines developed by the U.S. EPA
for industrial dischargers. The federal guidelines,
which are promulgated on a mass discharge basis,
have been converted to a concentration basis in this
Directory to allow direct comparison between the fed-
eral and state effluent limitations.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Industrial wastes, "Reg-
ulations, 'Directories, Limits,
Concentration(Composition), Industries, Classifica-
tions, Processing, Manufacturing, Finishing, Mining,
Canning, Materials, Refining, Production, National gov-
ernment, State government, "Water pollution stand-
ards.
PB-267 833/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Mlcroeconomlc Impacts of the Proposed Marking
and Disposal Regulations for PCBs. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
26 Apr 77,184p* 474-7, EPA/560/6-77/013
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
This report summarizes the estimated economic im-
pacts of the marking and disposal regulations for PCBs
which are being proposed in fulfillment of the require-
ments of Section 6(e) of the Toxic Substances Control
Act. The scope of this analysis included estimates of
the quantities of PCBs and equipment containing
PCBs which will be affected by the proposed regula-
tions, the present and required future availability, feasi-
bility, and costs of the required PCB disposal facilities,
the secondary costs of controlled disposal including
storage, recordkeeplng, and transportation, and the
costs of satisfying the various marking requirements.
The economic analysis included estimates of the addi-
tional costs of complying with these regulations as a
function of year and economic sector. The analysis
also considered the possible economic effects of
these costs on price levels, investment requirements,
and employment. Finally, the effects of compliance on
energy requirements and on the availability of strategic
materials were estimated.
Keywords: "Economic impacts, "Liquid waste dispos-
al, "Solid waste disposal, "Marking, Energy consump-
tion, Chlorine organic compounds, Regulations, Manu-
facturing, Cost analysis, Forecasting, Transformers,
Capacitors, Cargo transport, Sewage sludges, Stor-
age, Feasibility, Incinerators, Earth fills, Industrial
wastes, Utilization, Record management, Containers,
Marketing, "Polychlorinated blphenyls, Blphenyl/
chloro, Toxic substances.
PB-267 865/4 PC A99/MF A01
Automobile Emission Control - The Development
Status, Trends, and Outlook as of December 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Apr 77,650p"
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-259 133.
This report is sixth in a series of reports on automobile
control technology and is based on information sub-
mitted to EPA from automobile manufacturers during
the time period of December 1976 through February
1977. The report contains conclusions about emission
standards and the years in which they could be Imple-
mented, the relationship between fuel economy and
emission control, the potential differences in emission
control technology at different emission levels, the
possible impact of MMT, unregulated emissions of
concern, the impact of a non-methane hydrocarbon
standard, and the rate of progress in the emission con-
trol area. Significant development trends are highlight-
ed in the following areas: 3-way catalysts; improved
fuel metering; electronic controls; non-catalytic emis-
sion control technology; vehicle space requirements
for emission controls; turbocharging; and diesel engine
developments. A review of each manufacturer's emis-
sion control development efforts is included.
Keywords: "Exhaust emission, "Air pollution control,
"Automobiles, Fuel consumption, Catalytic converters,
Technology assessment, Exhaust emissions, Auto-
mobile industry, Manufacturers, Economic analysis.
PB-267 866/2 PC A03/MF A01
National Center for Air Pollution Control, Ann Arbor,
Mich. Procedures and Emissions Background Devel-
opment Section.
Preparation of Truck Version PHS Variable Dilu-
tion Sampling System. Special rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer, and Glenn L. Williams. Mar 68,50p
Contract PH-86-67-72
One objective of the work efforts under 'A Study of
Truck Emissions Powered by Spark Ignited Engines'
was to prepare a truck version of the Public Health
Service variable dilution exhaust sampling system.
This report covers the preparation of this sampling
system as well as some limited results using this
method as compared with a proportional sampling
system. The major change with the truck version was
the capability of handling a threefold increase in ex-
haust and diluent airflow. In preparing this version,
other design features were incorporated to improve
and broaden the capability of the system. One major
feature was the use of a two-speed motor to drive the
system blower, providing twice the air handling capa-
bility of the automotive prototype. Control features to
maintain stable sampling system operation included a
powerstat for control of motor and rotary pump speed
and continuous temperature record.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Exhaust emissions, Gas
sampling, Numerical analysis, Design criteria, Calibrat-
ing, Laboratory equipment, Performance evaluation,
Dilution, Concentratlon(Composition), "Air pollution
sampling, Procedures.
PB-267 868/8 PC AOS/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Div. of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control.
Studies of Emissions from Gasoline-Powered Ve-
hicles Above 6,000-lb. Gross Vehicle Weight. Final
rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Clifford D. Tyree. and Karl J. Springer. Jul 70,95p
SwRI-AR-752
Contract PH-86-67-72
Continued studies of heavy-duty gasoline-powered ve-
hicle emissions (above 6,000-lb GVW), sponsored by
the National Air Pollution Control Administration, De-
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, are de-
scribed. Featured In this report are comparisons of
road route hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitric
oxide emissions to chassis dynamometer for six trucks
of various sizes and makes. Using a constant volume
sampler with results expressed in grams per pound of
fuel, the current Federal cycle was subjected to a
number of modifications to investigate their effect on
the raad--9 mode cycle relationship. Limited studies
with two trucks Included comparison of 9-mode cycle
results with the engine chassis and stationary operat-
ed. Also explored were the potentialities of operating
an engine at Its peak torque rpm at a variety of power
modes. Continued study of alternative dynamometer
procedures, sampling, analysis, and methods of ex-
pressing gasoline truck emissions is recommended.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Hydrocarbons, "Carbon
monoxide, "Nitrogen oxygen(NO). Exhaust emissions,
Continuous sampling, Dynamometers,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Test engines, Air pollu-
tion, Laboratory equipment, Numerical analysis, Gaso-
line, "Air pollution sampling, Heavy duty vehicles, Pro-
cedures.
152 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-267 872/0 Not available NTIS
Human Subject Experlmentt to Estimate Reentry
Periods for Monocrotophos-Treated Tobacco.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
F. E. Guthrie, J. J. Domanski, A. L. Chasson, D. E.
Bradway, and R. J. Monroe. 7 Oct 74,11p EPA/600/J-
76/060
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Entomology.
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v4 p217-225 1976.
Thirteen to fifteen human volunteers worked for elght-
hr periods in tobacco fields treated 96, 72, and 48 hr
previously with monocrotophos (3-hydroxy-N-methyl-
cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate). At the 48-hr
reentry period, during which time no rainfall occurred,
both post-exposure plasma and red blood cell cholin-
esterase levels of the worker group were depressed
from pre-exposure levels although the decline was
less than 9% In both cases. Rainfall in excess of one
inch fell during the 96- and 72-hr reentry intervals, and
no important change in cholinesterase levels was
noted. Experiments with mice were in general agree-
ment with the human tests. Dimethyl phosphoric acid
in uhne of the worker group collected prior to, and
three hr after, exposure was unchanged in all cases.
Rain appeared to have markedly reduced dislodgable
residues.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides,
'Industrial hygiene, Personnel, Exposure, Erythro-
cytes, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Rainfall, Deposits,
Reentry, Intervals, Humans, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Sampling, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Phosphorous organic compounds, Reprints,
Agricultural workers, Pesticide residues, Occupational
safety and health, Phosphoric acid/dimethyl, Crotona-
mide/hydroxy-N-methyl, 'Azodrin.
PB-267 873/8 Not available NTIS
Fetal Toxlclty of Toxaphene In Rats and Mice.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
N. Chernoff, and B. D. Carver. 1976,7p EPA/600/J-
76/059
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v15 n6 p660-664 1976.
Toxaphene administration at dose levels sufficient to
cause a high degree of maternal loxloity in the rat re-
sulted in a reduction in fetal weight and a decrease In
the degree of skeletal ossification. In the mouse the
only significant fetal effect noted was an incidence of
encephaloceles. This detect was found only at the
highest dose level, one which also resulted in overt
maternal toxicity as evidenced by an increased Inci-
dence of maternal death and a reduction in weight
gain. It thus appears that the administration of toxa-
phene to rats and mice during the period of embryonic
organogenesis results In some fetotoxlc effects at
levels which cause maternal toxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxiclty, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, Toxi-
cology, Congenital abnormalities, Pregnancy, Body
weight, Brain, Pathology, Mortality, Dosage, Dose rate,
Lethal dosage, Sublethal dosage, Rats, Mice, Labora-
tory animals, Bioassay, Terpenes, Chlorine aliphatic
compounds, 'Toxaphene, Fetuses, Encephalocele,
Reprints.
PB-267 874/6 Not available NTIS
Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 13C
Chemical Shifts and l3C-l99Hg Coupling Con-
•tsnts for Some Organomercury Compounds.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. N.C.
Nancy K. Wilson, and R. D. Zehr. 29 Jul 75,9p EPA/
gOO/J-76/056
Prepared in cooperation with South Carolina Univ., Co-
lumbia.
Pub. in Journal of Magnetic Resonance, v21 D437-443
'876.
The (13)C shleldlngs and (13)C-(199)Hg coupling con-
jwnts of fourteen phenyi- and seven alfcyi- and al-
kenyl-mercury compounds have been obtained. Sub-
fluent effects on the (13)C shleldlngs are similar to
"Jose In nonmercurated phenyi compounds, with a
"milar relationship between (13)0 shielding* and
Hammett alpha + values, of para substituents. For
phenylmercuric salts of carboxylic acids, the shieldlngs
are insensitive to the particular anlon. Trends in (13)C
shieldings for a given compound type parallel (199)Hg
shielding trends. Directly-bonded (13)C-(199)Hg cou-
pling constants range from 1186 to 3196 Hz, two-bond
coupling constants from 72 to 126 Hz and three-bond
coupling constants from 101 to 221 Hz in the phenyl-
mercury compounds. An alteration in the magnitude of
J(CHg) with the number of intervening bonds is appar-
ent. The dihedral angle dependence of 3J(CHg) in 2-
norbornylmercury compounds is confirmed. No corre-
lation was observed between the directly-bonded
carbon-mercury coupling constant U(CHg) and the
shielding of the mercury-bonded carbon, but this cou-
pling increases significantly with increases in the
(199)Hg shielding.
Keywords: 'Mercury organic compounds, 'Nuclear
magnetic resonance, Phenols, Chemical bonds,
'Carbon 13, Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance), Reprints.
PB-267 875/3 PC A02/MF A01
National Air Surveillance Cascade Impactor Net-
work. III. Variations In Size of Airborne Particular
Matter Over Three-Year Period. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Robert E. Lee, Jr., and Stephen Goranson. 21 Jul 75,
8p EPA/600/J-76/058
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v10
n10p1022-1027Oct76.
A cascade impactor network operating from 1970
through 1972 at eight urban and two nonurban sites in-
dicated that the median size of airborne particles on a
mass basis appeared to increase over the sampling
period. Quarterly variations in the median size were as-
sociated with seasonal changes, decreasing in
summer but increasing in winter. The general upward
trend in the size of airborne particles appeared to be
associated with the reduction In automotive emissions
that can lead to the formation of fine, secondary aero-
sols. Other possible explanations, however, were ex-
amined in addition to an evaluation of the limitations of
the cascade impactor used In the network.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, Automobiles,
Aerosols, Impactors, Sampling, Exhaust emissions,
Fines, 'Cascade impactors, 'Air pollution sampling,
Reprints.
PB-267 876/1 PC A02/MF A01
Macro and Micro Approaches to the Determina-
tion of Pesticide Residues In Human and Animal
Tissues. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Robert F. Moseman. 1976,8p EPA/600/J-76/057
Pub. in Proceedings of International Conference of En-
vironmental Sensing and Assessment Held at Las
Vegas, Nevada on September 14-19,1975, Volume 1,
Paper 13-1 p1-41976.
Analytical approaches to the determination of pesti-
cides and metabolites in human and animal tissues will
take many forms. Several factors must be considered
In choosing an analytical scheme if the results are to
be meaningful. Whenever possible the residue chemist
will use standardized methodology which has been
subjected to evaluation by collaborative studies. In the
absence of such methods, the analyst must be aware
of the capabilities and limitations of the various steps
In the analytical procedure of choice. Extraction and
cleanup efficiency must be considered in view of the
determinative method to be used. Highly efficient gas
chromatographic columns coupled with sensitive and
selective detector systems are powerful analytical
tools. One must be cautious, however, when relying on
gas chromatographic peak retention time for com-
pound Identification. For a complete analysis, confirm-
atory techniques should be used. The available
sample size may dictate the use of a micro method of
analysis and, at the same time, preclude certain con-
firmatory techniques. Advantages of micro methods In-
clude speed, (mailer glassware and minimum solvent
volumes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides. 'Bloassay, 'Microanalysis,
Residues, Humans, Animals, THsues(Biology), Gas
chromatography, Samples, Chemical analysis, Re-
prints, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-267 877/9 PC A02/MF A01
Some Problems Related to Cleanup of Parathlon-
Contamlnated Surfaces Following Spillage. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
H. R. Wolfe, J. F. Armstrong, D. C. Staiff, L. C. Butler,
and J. E. Davis. 1976,7p EPA/600/J-76/002
Pub. in Proceedings of the 1976 National Conference
on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, New Orleans,
Louisiana, April 25-28, 1976. Information Transfer,
Inc., Rockville, Md., p254-258 1976.
Research was conducted to determine the most effec-
tive techniques or methods for cleanup and decon-
tamination of various wood, metal, and concrete sur-
faces following spillage of 45% emulsifiable parathion.
This involved certain absorbents and chemicals, some
of which are readily available in most areas and in-
cludes some of those more commonly used or sug-
gested for cleanup and decontamination of parathion
spills. Dry soil, attaclay, anhydrous filler, and sawdust
were evaluated as absorbent materials used for Initial
pickup and prevention of spread of contaminated
areas. Results of tests Indicated that quick contain-
ment and absorption of pesticide spillage by such ma-
terials to prevent deep penetration into surfaces is very
important because after deep penetration the pesti-
cide has a tendency to move to the surface for some
time after treatment even though decontamination pro-
cedures are thought to be successful In cleaning at the
time. It was concluded that physical cleanup of a spill-
age is the most important procedure within the short
time usually required for cleanup of a parathion spill,
and more important than realiance upon degradation
by use of suggested or recommended materials such
as sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, or other de-
grading chemicals.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Surfaces, 'Decontamina-
tion, 'Pollution, Nitro compounds, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Cleaning,
AbsorbentsJMaterials), Materials handling, Chemical
cleaning, Reprints, 'Parathion, 'Pesticide spells,
Phosphorothioic acid/0-0-(dimethyl-ester)-O-(nltro-
phenyl -ester).
PB-267 879/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Office of Air Programs.
Mass Emissions from Trucks above 6,000-lb. QVW
- Gasoline Fueled. Interim rept,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer, and Melvin N. Ingalls. Aug 72,140p
Contract EPA-70-113
This interim report describes the results of mass emis-
sions tests of a number of gasoline powered trucks
above 6,000-lb GVW during road driving and chassis
dynamometer operation, A constant volume sampler
was used to obtain samples during operation on a 7.24
mile course in San Antonio and during the entire 20
minute nine-mode FTP. The agreement between the
two, in terms of grams of emission per pound of fuel,
was used to determine what road emissions would be
from a larger, 145 vehicle, fleet that was subjected to
similar tests In the laboratory. Consideration of the end
use of data was made with preliminary expressions de-
veloped for possible use in determining the contribu-
tion of gasoline HDV's to air pollution. Data for those of
the test fleet used during the laboratory study are In-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Experimental design, Test engines, Field
tests, Gasoline, Sampling, Measuring instruments,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Performance evaluation,
•Air pollution sampling, Heavy duty vehicles, Proce-
dures.
PB-267 820/7 PC A13/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Photochemical Air Pollutant Effects on Mixed Co-
nifer Ecosystems. Progress rept. 1974-75.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
May 77,300p EPA/600/3-77/058
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
In 1972, a multi-disciplinary team of ecologists assem-
bled to monitor and analyze some of the ecological
consequences of photochemical oxldant air pollutants
In California Mixed Conifer Forest ecosystems of the
December 1983 153
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles. The
purposes included gathering documentary evidence
on the impact on these forests, designing a computer-
ized data management system to process the data,
and constructing computer simulation models to
project possible future consequences. Seven mete-
orological and air quality monitoring stations have
been maintained, nineteen mountain study plots have
been examined for air pollution injury to vegetation,
and a variety of additional plots have been identified
for studying soil conditions, tree growth and death, tree
diseases, bark beetle interactions, needle litter build-
up beneath trees, decay of dead wood in the forest,
microarthropods in the litter, and micrpbial breakdown
of pine needles. Additional work examines conifer tree
seed production in relation to small mammal popula-
tions and pxidant levels, as well as long-term changes
occurring in the kinds of trees present.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ecosystems, 'Forests, Cali-
fornia, Forest trees, Plants(Botany), Oxidizers, Photo-
chemistry, Wildlife, Mortality, Beetles, Climate, Patho-
gens, Epidemiology, Soil analysis, Topography, Mete-
orology, Particle size distribution, Density(Mass/
volume), Management planning, Life span,
Reproduction(Biology), Decomposition, Organic com-
pounds, Forecasting, Computerized simulation, Math-
ematical models, Concentration(Composition), *Air
pollution effects(Plants), 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), Litter, Photochemical oxidants.
PB-267 931/4 PC A04/MF A01
National Center for Air Pollution Control, Ann Arbor,
Mich. Procedures and Emissions Background Devel-
opment Section.
Preparations for Acquisition of Baseline Emis-
sions Data from Gasoline Powered Trucks above
10,000-lb. GVW. Special interim rept,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer, and Glenn L. Williams. Jun 66,67p
Contract PH-86-67-72
The overall objective of this study is to obtain baseline
emissions data from gasoline powered trucks using ex-
perimental, 'second generation' type procedures. To
acquire the baseline emissions data required a sub-
stantial preparations phase involving further develop-
ment of chassis dynamometer cycles, the design and
construction of a truck version of the PHS Variable Di-
lution Sampler, and the establishment of correlation
with previous program procedures, and different ex-
haust sampling schemes, are necessary. This interim
report reviews and describes these preparations and
procedures. The preparations phase for the given clas-
sification of trucks includes two major objectives: (1) to
establish the relationship between emissions obtained
on the SwRI chassis dynamometer and that obtained
by the Ethyl Corporation; (2) to confirm and establish
correlation of exhaust gas sampling by the servopro-
portional sampling system and variable dilution sam-
pling system.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Truck engines, 'Air
pollution, Gas sampling, Experimental design, Labora-
tory equipment, Tables(Data), Continuous sampling,
Test engines, Dynamometers, Gasoline, 'Baseline
measurements, Heavy duty vehicles. Procedures, Air
pollution sampling.
PB-267 940/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Effect of Sublethal Metal Pollutants on the Fiddler
Crab 'Uca pugllator'. Final rept.,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
W. B. Vernberg, and P. J. DeCoursey. Fob 77, 69p
EPA/600/3-77/024
Grant EPA-R-801455
Studies have been carried out on the synergistic ef-
fects of sublethal concentrations of mercury (Hg) and/
or cadmium (Cd) in conjunction with temperature and
salinity stress on larval and adult fiddler crabs, Uca pu-
gilator. Six biological parameters of the adult organism
were monitored including survival, tissue uptake, me-
tabolism, behavior, microscopic anatomy, and enzy-
matic activity, using metal concentrations of 0.18 ppm
Hg and 1.0 ppm Cd. Studies with larval stages (zoeal
stages I, III, V and megalops) considered survival, me-
tabolism and behavior under conditions of 1.8 ppb Hg
and 1.0 ppb Cd. The effect of mercury or cadmium on
Uca pugilator depends upon a number of factors, in-
cluding stage of the life cycle, sex, thermal history, and
environmental conditions. Data presented here sug-
gest that the mode of action of the two metals is not
the same.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Metals, 'Toxic tolerances,
'Water pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Mercury(Metal), Cadmium, Larvae, Monitoring, Surviv-
al, Animal behavior, Metabolism, Salinity, Heat toler-
ance, Sublethal dosage, Life cycles, Oxygen con-
sumption, Crabs, 'Uca pugilator, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Synergism.
PB-267 943/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie,
Mich. Large Lakes Research Station.
Atmospheric Inputs of Phosphorus to Southern
Lake Huron, April-October 1975. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Richard G. Delumyea, and Resy L. Petel. Apr 77,65p
EPA/600/3-77/038
Grant EPA-R-803086
The input of phosphorus has been demonstrated to be
seasonally dependent. Of the total input, approximate-
ly half is potentially available, and one-fourth is imme-
diately available. Inputs due to wet and dry deposition
are roughly equal in magnitude. The major source ap-
pears to be agriculture with at least 10% due to com-
bustion sources. A model for paniculate deposition
was used to determine the deposition velocity of phos-
phorus containing particles. The value of 0.6 cm/sec is
considered applicable to other components whose
mean diameter is 1 micrometer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Phosphorus, 'Rainfall,
'Lake Huron, Aerosols, Particles, Fallput,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Sampling, Meteorological
data, Agriculture, Organic phosphates,
Concentration(Composition), Periodic variations,
Tables(Data), Path of pollutants, Precipitation wash-
out.
PB-267 944/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab. Duluth, Minn.
Instrumentation to Monitor Location of Fish Con-
tinuously In Experimental Channels. Final rept.,
Bayshore Systems Corp., Springfield, Va.
Joseph R. Jahoda. Apr 77,128p EPA/600/3-77-035
Contract EPA-68-01-0752
This study resulted in the development and construc-
tion of equipment to continuously monitor the position
and temperature of up to 20 fish in a water channel
486 meters long, 3 meters wide, and 1 meter deep.
The system uses miniature sonic transmitters (tags)
operating in the 51 kHz to 366 kHz frequency range
which were implanted in 500 gram or heavier fish. The
battery operated tags were pulse modulated and de-
signed for over 1 year operational life. A temperature
sensitive thermistor controlled the repetition rate of the
tag providing the temperature of the fish to an accura-
cy of 1 degree C. The nominal range of the polyure-
thane encapsulated tag was several hundred feet. Six-
teen hydrophones were located at 30.5 meter intervals
in the water channel. A control console contained a
manually-operated, frequency-stepped receiver which
could select any individual hydrophone, thus locating
the fish to within plus or minus 15.25 meters. Up to 20
individual fish could be monitored. Automatic oper-
ation and recording of the data was considered in the
design of the system for future equipment.
Keywords: 'Hydrophones, 'Temperature measuring
instruments, 'Fishes, "Monitors, 'Biotelemetry, Un-
derwater tracking, Acoustic detection, Ultrasonic fre-
quencies, Thermistors, Design, Pulse modulation,
Preamplifiers, Transmitters receivers, Radiofrequency
interference, Data processing, Decoders, Bioinstru-
mentation.
PB-267 945/4 PC A04/MF A01
Field Investigations of Mechanical Draft Cooling
Tower Plumes,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Assess-
ment and Criteria Development Div.
Lawrence D. Winiarski, and Walter F. Frick. Mar 77,
68p EPA/600/7-77/025
Tethered Kitoon (small blimp) sampling techniques
were devised to measure the distribution of tempera-
ture and humidity in the Invisible portion of power plant
cooling tower plumes from both single cell and multiple
cell cooling towers under several conditions. These
measurements, together with data collected on the
ambient meteorology and exit plume conditions, are
particularly useful in moist plume modeling work.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Cooling towers, Sampling, Ther-
mal analysis, Humidity, Electric power plants, Math-
ematical models, Graphic methods, Tables(Datr/,
Sensors, Field tests, 'Tethered kitoon sampling, 'Me-
chanical draft cooling towers, Procedures.
PB-267 973/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
A Controlled Bloassay System for Measuring Tox-
icity of Heavy Metals. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
Industrial Health.
K. H. Mancy, and H. E. Allen. Apr 77,123p EPA/600/
3-77/037
Contract EPA-14-12-591
Biological availability of metal micronutrients and
metal toxicity are believed to be dependent on metal
oxidation state, complexation, and solubility as well as
the physicqchemical characteristics of the aqueous
phase. Basic design criteria for fish bioassays which
are capable of elucidating the dependency of toxicity
on the type and concentration of various copper spe-
cies were developed utilizing equilibrium chemical con-
cepts and appropriate analytical techniques. In order
to maintain a desired copper species in the bioassay
medium, synthetic waters were used under well-de-
fined physical and chemical conditions. These solu-
tions were synthesized in accordance with equilibrium
models, which define the distribution of various copper
species as a function of the solution physical and
chemical characteristics. An experimental system was
developed which permitted large volumes of the bio-
assay waters to be maintained at the desired chemical
equilibria for the duration of the experiment.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Bioassay, 'Metals, 'Toxicity,
'Water quality, Experimental design, Monitors, Math-
ematical models, Measurement, Toxicology,
Tables(Data), Fishes, Water chemistry, Chemical anal-
ysis, Mortality, Bismuth, Cadmium, Indium,
Lead(Metal), Thallium, Physicochemical properties,
'Heavy metals, Bioindicators, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-267 981/9 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Dietary Subacute Toxicity of Ethylene ThlourM In
the Laboratory Rat. Environmental health effects re-
search series,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Ralph I. Freudenthal. May 77,50p EPA/600/1-77/023
Contract EPA-68-02-1715
See also Interim rept. dated Sep 76, PB-259 915.
Ethylene thiourea (ETU) was fed to groups of rats at 0,
1, 5, 25, 125 or 625 ppm for up to 90 days. Other
groups of rats received either propylthiouracil (PTU;
125 ppm) or amitrole (50 ppm) in their diets as positive
controls. Only those rats which received ETU at 125 or
625 ppm and those Ingesting PTU or amitrole demon-
strated a measurable toxic response. This toxicity was
reflected as an alteration in thyroid function and a sig-
nificant change in thyroid morphology. Ingestion of 625
ppm ETU or 125 ppm PTU resulted in very substantial
decreases In serum triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyrox-
ine (T-4). Marked increases in serum thryroid stimulat-
ing hormone (TSH) levels were found in the 625 and
125 ppm ETU rats, the 125 PTU rats and the rats re-
ceiving amitrole, at each time point this hormone was
measured. While a statistically significant increase in
serum T-4 and degree of thyroid nyperplasia was ob-
served for the rats Ingesting 25 ppm ETU for 60 days,
normal thyroid hormone levels and thyroid morphology
was found in the rats on 25 ppm ETU for either 30 or
90 days. The no-effect level for dietary ETU in this 90-
day study is considered to be 25 ppm, equivalent to an
average intake ranging from 19.5 mg/kg body weight
at week 1 to 12.5 mg/kg body weight at week 12.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Toxicity, "Thyroid gland,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Pesticides, Degradation,
Thyroid hormones, Malignant neoplasms, Pathology,
Physiological effects, Thyroid hormones, Histology,
Sublethal dosage, Ingestion(Biology), Toxic toler-
ances, Bioassay, Permissible dosage, Nitrogen organ-
ic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Cancer,
Histopathology, "Imldazolidine-thione. TriazcHe/
amino, Thiouracil/propyl.
154 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-267 983/5 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Recommendations of the EPA/NBS Workshop on
the National Environmental Specimen Bank,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Harry L. Rook, and George M. Goldsein. Apr 77,62p
EPA/600/1-77/020
On August 19 and 20, 1976, a Workshop was held to
review technical developments and to make recom-
mendations on implementation of the National Envi-
ronmental Specimen Bank. The Workshop consisted
of a review session where past considerations were
discussed; a technical session where recent analytical
research relevant to the sample bank was abstracted
and discussed; and a planning session where planning
and design of a prototype banking system was out-
lined. The workshop concluded that with the ever in-
creasing influx of new man-made substances into the
ecosystem, that a formalized, systematic approach is
needed to assess the environmental impact of these
substances on a national as well as an international
level. The technology to initiate a pilot banking pro-
gram is presently available and was formulated Into a
five-year pilot bank program. This program will be eval-
uated at each stage of development.
Keywords: 'Information centers, 'Meetings, Recom-
mendations, Feasibility, Objectives, Requirements,
Planning, Design, Data acquisition, Samples, Storage,
Preserving, Pollutants, Plants(Botany), Animals, Col-
lection, Tissue banks, 'Specimen banks, 'Environ-
mental research, Environmental health.
PB-267 984/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Div. of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control.
A Surveillance Study of Smoke from Heavy-Duty
Diesel-Powered Vehicles-Southwestern U.S.A. In-
terim rept. Aug 70-Jun 72,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex. Vehicle
Emissions Research Lab.
John 0. Storment, and Karl J. Springer. Sep 72,129p
Contract EPA-70-109
See also rept. dated Jan 74, PB-232 682.
The primary objective of this study was to determine
the effectiveness of the Federal diesel smoke regula-
tions in controlling smoke emissions from a group of
heavy-duty engines engaged in routine automotive
service. A test fleet consisting of 64 trucks and buses,
powered by engines certified to meet 1970 smoke
standards, was tested for smoke emission at four-
month intervals over a one-year period. Changes in
smoke opacity observed during this test period were
used to determine, to the extent possible, the effect of
time, mileage, type of service on opacity. It was found
that, considering the fleet as a whole, smoke opacity
tended to increase with time or, equivalently, with mile-
age. At the baseline test, only one engine had smoke
opacity above one of the 1970 standards. After one
year of normal operation, 20% of the fleet registered
opacity over one of these standards.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
Smoke, Air pollution, Sampling, Motor vehicles, Truck
engines, Buses(Vehlcles), Experimental design, Test
equipment, Statistical analysis, Graphic methods,
Diesel engine exhaust, 'Air pollution sampling, Air
Pollution standards, Southwest region(United States),
Procedures, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-267 985/0 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of 1 percent Neutral Buffered Potas-
sium Iodide Procedure for Calibration of Ozone
Monitors. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
M- E. Beard, J. H. Margeson, and E. C. Ellis. Jan 77,
46p EPA/600/4-77/005
The 1 percent neutral buffered potassium Iodide pro-
fedure, as specified for calibration of ozone monitors
ln the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) refer-
ence method for measurement of photochemical oxi-
oants. was evaluated. The procedure was lound to be
vulnerable to error In three major areas: (1) the time al-
lowed for measurement of iodine absorbance, (2)
Purity of potassium iodide reagent, and (3) type of im-
PJnger used. Variations in results produced by minor
changes within the specifications of the procedure
suggest that the method Is difficult to control. Im-
proved specifications and procedures were document-
ed to minimize the effect of these parameters on re-
sults and to aid the user in'proper use of the proce-
dure. The improved procedure shows a positive bias of
7.5 + or - 3.4 percent. The Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory (EMSL), EPA, has decided
that further work to improve the procedure is not war-
ranted and has initiated work on a program to evaluate
candidate procedures to replace the neutral buffered
potassium iodide procedure.
Keywords: "Gas detectors, 'Calibrating, 'Ozone, Po-
tassium iodide, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Air pollution, Monitors, Oxidizers,
Error analysis, Experimental design, Design criteria,
Procedures, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-267 987/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Destroying Chemical Wastes In Commercial-Scale
Incinerators. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
J. W. Adams, N. J. Cunningham, J. C. Harris, P. L.
Levins, and J. L. Stauffer. Dec 76,94p EPA/SW-
122C.4
Contract EPA-68-01 -2966
See also PB-265 541.
Tests were conducted at Zimpro, Inc., Rothschild, Wis-
consin, to determine the effectiveness of wet air oxida-
tion for destruction of two selected aqueous industrial
wastes: coke plant waste and Amiben (herbicide) man-
ufacturing waste. A pilot scale facility was tested for
the coke plant waste with less than 6g/1 total solids
and 5.5 g/1 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5),
chemical compounds such as cyanides, phenols and
cresols were 99% destroyed; BOD5 and Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) were reduced by about 90%.
The concentration of quinoline was reduced by only
66%. Estimated costs for treating 2,120 cu m/day of
coke waste were: $12.3 MM capital investment and
$9.90/cu m total operating cost. For the Amiben
waste, with 55 g/1 total solids and 31 g/1 BODS, the
test showed greater than 99% destruction of the major
organic waste components, dichloronitrobenzoic
acids, with about 10% conversion to an intermediate
degradation product, dichloronitrobenzene. The BODS
and COD were reduced by 90% and 82%, respective-
ly. Estimated costs for treating 151 cu m/day of
Amiben waste were: $2.2 MM capital Investment and
$18.00/cu m total operating cost.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Industrial wastes, 'Coking,
•Herbicides, 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Solid
waste disposal, Manufacturing, Cost analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Oxidizers, Performance
evaluation, Cresols, Design criteria, Process charting,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Air pollution control
equipment, Scrubbers, Pilot plants, Combustion prod-
ucts, Cyanides, Phenols, 'Amiben, Wet method.
PB-267 995/9 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
State of the Art: Swine Waste Production and Pre-
treatment Processes. Final rept. May 74-Feb 76,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Michael R. Overcash, and Frank J. Humenlk. Dec 76,
187p EPA/600/2-76-290
Grant EPA-R-804002
A review of waste generation and pretreatment proc-
esses was compiled, expanded, and Interpreted for
the swine production industry. Typical swine units
based upon waste management techniques were de-
tailed as concrete slab facilities, slotted floorpit units,
and swine drylot or pasture operations. Pretreatment
processes for the production unit waste load were
evaluated in relation to land as the terminal receiver
and for waste conversion mechanisms affecting utili-
zation processes. The pretreatment effects on waste
constituents were examined for all forms of nitrogen,
cations or salts, organics. mlcrobfal or pathogen con-
tent, and nuisance factors. The state-of-the-art report
confirmed the large number of definitive studies on
various pretreatment processes and the characteriza-
tion of swine waste.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, "Swine, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Industrial waste treatment, Reviews, Land use,
Lagoons(Ponds), Populations, Buildings, Anaerobic
processes, Runoff, Volume, Solids, Design, Bacteria,
Digestion(Decomp06ition), Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Dis-
ease vectors, TablestData), 'Land application, 'Feed-
lot wastes, Manure, "PretreatmentfWastes),
PB-267 996/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Survey of Operating and Financial Characteristics
of Community Water Systems. Final rept.
Temple, Barker and Sioane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
Apr 77,167p* EPA/570/9-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01-4163
The report provides background material on financial
and operating characteristics of community water sys-
tems prior to implementation of primary drinking water
regulations. The study is based upon a survey of
almost 1000 community water systems serving from
25 to over 1 million year round residents. Stratified
sampling was made by system size on the basis of lo-
cation, ownership, and primary water source. Results
are presented in terms of average and median values
by size category, ownership, and water source. Gener-
al patterns indicate economies of scale. Majority (two-
thirds) of capital expenditures are financed through ex-
ternal sources, most by debt. Although there are more
systems using ground water rather than surface water
as their primary source, a higher portion of the total
water produced is from surface sources. Disinfection is
the only treatment commonly used by systems of all
sizes.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Water supply, 'Water
distribution, Surveys, Potable water, Distribution sys-
tems, Sites, Ground water, Surface waters, Financing,
Interest, Taxes, Revenue, Industries, Residential build-
ings, Populations, Operating costs, Tables(Data), Cap-
italized costs, 'Water systems, Water rates.
PB-268 000/7 PC A02/MF A01
Plutonium Uptake by Plants from Soil Containing
Plutonlum-238 Dioxide Particles. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
K. W. Brown, and J. C. McFarlane. May 77,20p EPA/
600/3-77/052
Three plant species-alfalfa, lettuce, and radishes
were grown in soils contaminated with plutonium-238
dioxide (238)Pu02 at concentrations of 23,69,92, and
342 nanocuries per gram (nCi/g). The length of expo-
sure varied from 60 days for the lettuce and radishes
to 358 days for the alfalfa. The magnitude of plutonlum
incorporation as indicated by the discrimination ratios
for these species, after being exposed to the relatively
insoluble Pu02, was similar to previously reported data
using different chemical forms of plutonium. Evidence
indicates that the predominant factor in plutonium
uptake by plants may involve the chelation of plutoni-
um contained In the soils by the action of compounds
such as citric acid and/or other similar chelatlng
agents released from the plant roots.
Keywords: 'Plutonium 238, 'Plants(Botany), Radioac-
tive contaminants, Soils, Absorption(Biology), Vegeta-
bles, Plutonium oxides, Plutonium isotopes, Solubility,
Ecology, Radloblology, Chelation, 'Radloecology.
PB-268 008/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Recent USSR Literature on Control of Paniculate
Emissions from Stationary Sources. Final rept.
Jan-Dec 76,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Charles E. Feazel. Apr 77,100p PRS-24, EPA/600/2-
77/084, , TVA-PRS-24
Grant EPA-R-802938
The report reviews approximately 600 articles, pub-
lished between 1970 and 1975 in several technical
and scientific journals In the USSR and compiled and
classified according to subject content. The articles
were selected as significant indicators of the status of
the technology of controlling air pollution by paniculate
emissions from stationary sources, with emphasis on
fly ash from the combustion of coal in electric power
plants. Control devices Include electrostatic preclplta-
tors, wet scrubbers, fabric filters, cyclones, and granu-
lar bed filters.
December 1983 155
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Particles, "Air pollution control equipment,
Electric power plants, Fly ash, Scrubbers, Cyclone
separators, Air filters, Coal, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Oust filters, Sampling, Performance
evaluation, 'Stationary sources, Coal fired electric
power plants, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic(l)SSR), Fabric filters, Wet methods, Granular
bed filters, Baghouses.
PB-268 009/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume V. Baltimore, Maryland. Final
rapt,
OCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Diy.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, Frank Record, and David A.
Lynn. Jun 76,98p GCA-TR-76-25-G(5), EPA/450/3-
78/0260
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 2, PB-263 666.
This document Is one volume of a slxteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The
Baltimore AQCR includes the City of Baltimore and the
counties of Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford,
and Howard, along the northwestern edge of Chesa-
peake Bay. Baltimore is the seventh largest city in the
U.S., and Is a major manufacturing area and shipping
port. Air pollution control responsibility is shared by the
State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and
the several local Health Departments.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments,
Concentration(Composltion), Meteorology, Sites,
Sampling, Exhaust emissions, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Monitoring, Topography, Climatolo-
gy, Manufacturing, Land use, Employment, Popula-
tions, Air pollution control, Sources, Regulations,
Urban areas, Air filters, Tables(Data), Maryland,
'Baltimore(Maryland), 'Air quality, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources, Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 010/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume VIII. Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, and Frank Record. Jun 76,
74p GCA-TR-76-25-G(8), EPA/450/3-76/026f
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 9, PB-268 011, and Volume 5, PB-
268 009.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The
City of Chattanooga is located in Hamilton County in
the southeastern portion of Tennessee along the Ten-
nessee-Georgia state line. Because of its central loca-
tion in the South, Chattanooga has become an impor-
tant railway and manufacturing center.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments. Meteorology,
Urban areas, Regulations, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Topography, Climatology, Sampling,
Sites, Land use, Employment, Populations, Sources,
Exhaust emissions, Monitoring, Air pollution control,
Air filters, Concentration(Composltlon), Manufacturing,
Tennessee, *Chattanooga(Tennessee), 'Air quality,
Point sources, Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 011/4 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume IX. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
David A. Lynn, Becky S. Epstein, and Frank Record.
Jun 76, 73p GCA-TR-76-25-G(9), EPA/450/3-76/
026g
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 8, PB-268 010.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by CCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. Okla-
homa City is an institutional, light-industrial city located
in slightly rolling hills in the center of Oklahoma. The
major fuel is natural gas, and the biggest industrial cat-
egories are electric equipment manufacture and food
and agriculture products. Climatology is that of the
Great Plains, with hot summers and moderate winters,
consistently high wind speeds, and relatively light pre-
cipitation.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, Sources, Mete-
orology, Climatology, Regulations, Urban area, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Precipitation(Meteqrology), Temperature, Dust, Incin-
erators, Fuels, Air filters, Management planning, Moni-
toring, Oklahoma, 'Oklahoma City(Oklahoma), 'Air
quality, Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 012/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume XI. Cincinnati, Ohio. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, David A. Lynn, and Frank
Record. Jun 76, 97p GCA-TR-76-25-G(11), EPA/450/
3-76/026I
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 12, PB-268 013.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document Is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The
City of Cincinnati is located in Hamilton County In the
southwestern corner of the State of Ohio. Due to its lo-
cation on the Ohio River and its proximity to the coal
fields of West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and
Ohio, Cincinnati has become an important transporta-
tion and manufacturing center whose most important
fuel has traditionally been coal. The city is adjacent to
a number of smaller, independent communities which
are also highly industrialized.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorology, Urban
areas, Regulations, Topography, Climatology, Land
use, Employment, Populations, Manufacturing, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Mathematical
models, Law enforcement, Atmospheric motion, Ex-
haust emissions, Monitoring, Sites, Sampling, Man-
agement planning, Air pollution control, Ohio,
•Cincinnati(Ohio), *Alr quality, Point sources, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB-268 013/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume XII. Cleveland, Ohio. Final rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, David A. Lynn, and Frank
Record. Jun 76,107p GCA-TR-76-25-G(12), EPA/
450/3-76/026J
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 11, PB-268 012 and Volume 13, PB-
268 014.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the particu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The
City of Cleveland is located In Cuyahoga County in the
northeaster) corner of the State of Ohio. Because of Its
location on one of the Great Lakes, Cleveland has
become an important transportation, Industrial, and
manufacturing center. The city is surrounded by sever-
al smaller, independent communities that are also
highly industrialized.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, Meteorology,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Regula-
tions, Monitoring, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Topography, Sampling, Climatology, Land use,
Employment, Sites, Solid waste disposal, Exhaust
emissions, Mathematical models, Air pollution control,
Law enforcement, Air filters, Atmospheric motion,
Management planning, Ohio, 'Cleveland(Ohio), 'Air
quality, Point sources.
PB-268 014/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume XIII. San Francisco, California.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Gordon L. Deane, and Frank Record. Jun 76,99p
GCA-TR-76-25-G(13), EPA/450/3-76/026k
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 12, PB-268 013 and Volume 14, PB-
268 015.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document Is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered In the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background Information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Partlculate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. For the
purpose of this study, major attention was directed at
that portion of the region under the authority of the Bay
Area Air Pollution Control District. The total land area
within its jurisdiction is over 5600 square miles with
almost 500 square miles of water surface area. The
center of the AQCR is the San Francisco Bay, a large
shallow basin ringed by hills as high as 2000 feet which
tapers into a series of sheltered valleys. This topogra-
phy gives the area great potential for trapping and ac-
cumulating air pollutants.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments,
Concentration(Composltion), Regulations, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Meteorology, Clima-
tology, Urban areas, Economics, Sources, Dust,
Standards, Plumes, Incinerators, Fuels, Law enforce-
ment, Air filters, Air pollution control, Monitoring, Ex-
haust emissions, Sampling, Sites, California, 'Air qual-
ity, 'San Francisco(California), Point sources, Fugitive
emissions, Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 016/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Partlculate
Problem. Volume XIV. Miami, Florida. Final rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
156 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Becky S. Epstein, David A. Lynn, and Frank Record.
Jun 76,61 p GCA-TR-76-25-G(14), EPA/450/3-76/
026L
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 13, PB-268 014 and Volume 15, PB-
268016.
This document Is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the particu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background Information tor Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Paniculate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. Dade
County Is the case study area with which the authors
are primarily concerned; It is In the southeastern
corner of the AQCR, and includes the metropolitan
Miami area as well as a large part of the Everglades
swamp.
Keywords: "Particles, "Assessments, Monitoring,
Sites, Meteorology, Climatology,
Concentration(Compositions), Sources, Regulations,
Populations, Florida, Land use, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Fuels, Incinerators, Urban areas, Ex-
haust emissions, Sampling, Air filters, Field tests, 'Air
quality, 'Miami(Florida), Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 016/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Particular
Problem. Volume XV. St. Louis, Missouri Metro-
polltan Area. Final rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, David A. Lynn, and Frank
Record. Jun 76,89p GCA-TR-76-25-G(15), EPA/450/
3-76/026m
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 14, PB-268 015 and Volume 16, PB-
268 017.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the particu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
or fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The St.
Louis Metropolitan Area is located immediately south
of the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri
Rivers. Because of its central location in the nation,
the St. Louis Metropolitan Area has become an impor-
tant center of rail and river transportation and of manu-
facturing and industry.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments, Meteorology,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Regula-
tions, Sampling, Sites, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Exhaust emissions, Monitoring, Manage-
ment planning, Topography, Climatology, Land use,
Employment, Standards, Mathematical models, Air
pollution control, Law enforcement, Atmospheric
motion, Air filters, Manufacturing, Missouri, 'Saint
LouisfMissouri), 'Air quality, Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 017/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Particulate
Problem. Volume XVI. Providence, Rhode Island.
Final rept..
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Rebecca C. Galkiewicz, David A. Lynn, and Frank
Record. Jun 76,88p GCA-TR-76-25-G(16), EPA/450/
3-76/026n
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 15, PB-268 016.
This document Is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report (PB-263 665). Volume I should
be considered the primary output of the report. The Di-
vision of Air Pollution Control of the Rhode Island State
Department of Health currently samples for total sus-
pended participates at 21 sites in the state, three of
which are NASN sites. The network Is primarily orient-
ed toward sampling in suburban areas - only four cen-
terclty monitors are located outside of Providence and
one monitor, a NASN station, Is In a rural area. All of
the monitors are considered to be in population-orient-
ed locations.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Assessments,
Concentration(Composltlon), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Regulations, Meteorology, Monitor-
ing, Sites, Sampling, Climatology, Solid waste dispos-
al, Exhaust emissions, Urban areas, Land use, Topog-
raphy, Employment, Populations, Air filters, Rhode
Island, *Providence(Rhode Island), 'Air quality, Air
pollution sampling.
PB-268 020/5 PC A12/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Procedures and Emissions Background
Development Section.
An Investigation of Emissions from Trucks Above
8,000-Lb QVW Powered by Spark-Ignited Engines.
Final rept. 29 Jun 67-31 Mar 69,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer. Mar 69,259p SwRI-AR-689
Contract PH-88-67-72
This report covers the efforts to make use of three
cycles, known as Class II (6,001 to 10,000 GVW),
Class III (10,000 to 19,500 GVW), and Class IV (19,501
and above), to survey the emissions from a wide vari-
ety of gasoline powered vehicles. The principal emis-
sions of Interest were CO, unburned HC, and NOx and
were obtained on a mass, Ib/mi basis. Emissions from
selected vehicles were studied in detail to correlate
the constant volume to the servoproportional and con-
tinuous methods. Emissions were then acquired from
over 150 vehicles using a specially prepared truck size
version of the PHS developed constant volume sam-
pling system. All results are summarized by class and
are rank-ordered from 'low to high' by CO, HC and
NOx. By equally weighting the emissions, each vehi-
cle's overall contribution was determined. Attempts
were made to relate the amount of emissions to year,
make, mileage, etc. The results for the same vehicle
operated under two applicable cycles were compared.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Nitro-
gen oxides, "Truck engines, Spark ignition engines,
Exhaust emissions, Continuous sampling, Gasoline,
Experimental design, Laboratory equipment, Test en-
gines, Samplers, Design criteria, Calibrating,
Tables(Data), Monitoring, Air pollution, 'Air pollution
sampling, Baseline measurements, Procedures,
Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-268 029/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Manual of Treatment Techniques for Meeting the
Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Thomas J. Sorg, O. Thomas Love, Jr., and Gary S.
Logsdon. May 77,80p" EPA/600/8-77/005
Following the passage on December 16, 1974, of
Public Law 93-523, The Safe Drinking Water Act, the
Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations were pro-
mulgated on December 24, 1975, to take effect June
24, 1977. These regulations set Maximum Contami-
nant Levels (MCL) for ten inorganic constituents, turbi-
dity, conform organisms, six pesticides and radlonu-
clides. PL-93-523 stated that the Primary Drinking
Water Regulations should consist of MCLs as well as a
statement of treatment technology that could be used
to achieve these levels. This document provides that
information. It contains five sections as related to the
five groups of Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions noted above. This document, based on the litera-
ture and the research being conducted by the Water
Supply Research Division, Is not meant to stifle Innova-
tive treatment technology. It attempts to be a state-
ment of technology known at the time of the effective
date of the Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
that will allow utilities, with assistance from their con-
sulting engineers, to apply whatever treatment might
be necessary to improve their drinking water quality
such that it meets the Interim Primary Drinking Water
Regulations.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water treatment, 'Potable
water, 'Regulations, Radioactive contaminants,
Chemical removal(Water treatment), Inorganic com-
pounds, Water pollution control, Arsenic, Borium, Cad-
mium, Chromium, Fluorides, Lead(Metal),
Mercury(Metal), Organic compounds, Inorganic ni-
trates, Selenium, Cost analysis, Turbidity, Disinfection,
Chlorlnation, Ozone, Chlorine oxides, Byproducts,
Pesticides, Trace elements, Lime, Ion exchanging, Re-
verse osmosis, Endrln, Chlorine organic compounds,
Collform bacteria, Microorganism control(Water),
•Water quality, Methoxchlor, Lindane, D 2-4 herbicide,
Sllvex, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974.
PB-268 062/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Water Requirements for Steam-Electric Power
Generation and Synthetic Fuel Plants In the West-
ern United States. Final rept. May-Aug 76,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
H. Gold, D. J. Goldstein, R. F. Probsteln, J. S. Shen,
and D. Yung. Apr 77,280p EPA/600/7-77/037
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
Prepared by Water Purification Associates, Cam-
bridge, Mass.
The report describes the procedures for the detailed
determination of the water consumed for mining and
processing coal and oil shale, and for determining the
residuals generated. The processes considered are
Lurgl, Synthane, and Synthoil for coal conversion,
TOSCO II for shale conversion, coal-fired steam elec-
tric power generation and slurry pipeline. In addition,
determinations are also made of the water consumed
for process cooling, flue gas desulfurizatlon, revegeta-
tlon of mined land, solids disposal and by evaporation
and other uses within the mine-plant complex.
Keywords: 'Steam electric power generation, 'Water
supply, 'Coal gasification plants, 'Oil shale processing
plants, 'Coal liquefaction plants, Tosco process,
Synthoil process, Synthane process, Lurgi process,
Mining, Cooling towers, Slurry pipelines, Flue gases,
Solid waste disposal, Land reclamation, Cost analysis,
Water consumption, 'Western Region(United States),
'Energy source development.
PB-268 099/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Mobile Source Pollution Control Program.
Baseline Characterization and Emissions Control
Technology Assessment of HD Gasoline Engines.
Final rept. 1 Mar-10 Nov 72,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer. Nov 72,113p SwRI-AR-844
Contract EPA-70-110
See also PB-220194.
Six 1972 spark-ignited gasoline engines, used in trucks
above 6,000-lbs GVW, were subjected to baseline ex-
haust emissions tests. Two groups of three engines,
representing various cylinder configurations and dis-
placements were tested by the current 1972 Federal
test procedure. The concentrations were then convert-
ed to a mass emissions for the nine-mode schedule
using the 1974 FTP applicable to heavy-duty gasoline
engines. One popularly used V-8 engine from each
manufacturer's group was subjected to a limited series
of laboratory tests to demonstrate control device ef-
fectiveness. This part of the study was restricted to the
use of light-duty items of laboratory-type approaches
because of the apparent lack of technology for gaso-
line engines In heavy-duty service. Substantial reduc-
tions In all emissions were effected on both engines
with a combination of exhaust gas recirculatlon, air In-
jection and an oxidation catalyst with some Increase In
fuel consumption.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Truck engines, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution control, Numerical analysis,
Continuous sampling, Spark Ignition engines, Gaso-
line, Test engines, Concentration(Compositlon), Ex-
perimental design, Laboratory equipment, Dynamo-
meters, Ignition, Catalysis, Manifolds, Oxidation, 'Air
pollution sampling, Baseline measurements, Heavy
duty vehicles, Air fuel ratio, Air injection systems.
December 1983 157
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-268 115/3
PC A14/MF A01
Publications Bibliography, 1971-1976.
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Apr 77, 317p EPA-600/9-77/006
See also Report dated Feb 76, PB-253 792.
A listing is given of the published articles by the staff of
the four Laboratories comprising EPA's Environmental
Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. These are the Health effects research labo-
ratory, Environmental sciences research laboratory,
Environmental monitoring and support laboratory, and
Industrial environmental research laboratory. The bib-
liography is inclusive for the period January 1971 -
September 1976, although some citations predating
EPA's creation (December 1970) are included. The
bibliography consists of a key word-in-context index,
an author index, and a publication citations section.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Water pollution, "Bibliogra-
phies, * Environmental surveys, Research,
Indexes(Documentation), Public health, Monitoring,
Laboratories, Industrial wastes, Air quality mainte-
nance, Air pollution standards, Water pollution stand-
ards, Environmental protection.
PB-268 116/1 Not available NTIS
Epldemlologlc Studies of Coronary Heart Disease
and Stroke In Japanese Men Living In Japan,
Hawaii and California. Coronary Heart Disease
Risk Factors In Japan and Hawaii. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Thomas L. Robertson, Hiroo Kato, Tavia Gordon,
Abraham Kagan, and George G. Rhoads. 1977,6p
EPA/600/J-77/015
Pub. in the American Jnl. of Cardiology, v39 p239-243
1977.
Various risk factors were evaluated to explain a signifi-
cantly greater incidence of coronary heart disease in
men of Japanese ancestry resident in Hawaii com-
pared with men resident in Japan. The independent
predictors of incidence of coronary heart disease in
both Japan and Hawaii were systolic blood pressure,
serum cholesterol, relative weight and age. These fac-
tors appeared to influence incidence similarly in both
areas because in each case the correlation coeffi-
cients for Japan and Hawaii did not differ significantly.
The hypothesis that the greater incidence in Hawaii
could be attributed to differences in levels of these risk
factors was tested with the Walker-Duncan method.
The four variable multiple logistic function describing
the probability of coronary heart disease in Japan was
applied to the cohort characteristics observed in
Hawaii. The estimated incidence thus obtained was
not significantly different from that actually observed in
the men resident in Hawaii. Therefore the increased
coronary risk profile in Hawaii compared with Japan
can account for the greater incidence of coronary
heart disease in the former. Current cigarette smoking
was significantly related to the risk of coronary heart
disease in Hawaii but not in Japan.
Keywords: 'Coronary artery disease, 'Cerebral vascu-
lar accidents, 'Cardiovascular diseases, 'Heart dis-
eases, Epidemiology, Males, Japan, Hawaii, California,
Blood pressure, Cholesterol, Body weight, Age, Corre-
lations, Reprints, Health risks, Japanese people, Japa-
nese Americans, Cigarette smoking.
PB-268 117/9 Not available NTIS
The Action of Pesticides on Conduction In the Rat
Superior Cervical Ganglion. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Ernest R. Whitcomb, and John A. Santolucito. 1976,
7p EPA/600/J-76/064
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v15 n3 p348-356 1976.
The mechanism of toxic action of the chlorinated hy-
drocarbon insecticides has not been established. Mat-
sumura (1971) and Wooley and Barren (1968) have
suggested that DDT may act on the sodium channels
of nerve membranes. These investigators have related
the instability of the nerve membrane to the toxic
symptoms to the intact animal. Of possible 'model'
systems, the superior cervical ganglion was selected.
The preganglionic and postgangfionic transmission
and the O2 consumption of the superior cervical gan-
glion of the rat were measured in vitro following the
onset of symptoms after oral dosing. From these pa-
rameters the effect of insecticides on axonal and syn-
aptic transmission was evaluated in defining Its action
in the intact animal. The materials tested included the
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides - Chlordane, DDT,
Lindane, and Toxaphene; three organophosphorus
compounds - DFP, Parathion, and Paraxon; and the
alkaloid - Nicotine.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Chlorohydro-
carbons, 'Brain, 'Ganglia, 'Nerve cells, Central nerv-
ous system, Physiology, Synapses, Neuromuscular
junctions, Oxygen consumption, In vitro analysis, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Toxicology,
Reprints.
PB-268 118/7 ' PCA02/MFA01
Biological Assessment of Continuous Exposure
to Tritium and Lead In the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
D. F. Cahill, L. W. Reiter, J. A. Santolucito, G. I.
Rehnberg, and M. E. Ash. 1976,15p EPA/600/J-76/
063
Pub. in Biological and Environmental Effects of Low-
Level Radiation, v2, International Atomic Energy
Agency, Vienna, IAEA-SM-202/305, p65-781976.
In an attempt to contribute information on the effects
of simultaneous exposure to two potentially synergistic
environmental pollutants the authors have chronically
administered tritiated water (HTO) and lead (Pb) to
rats. HTO and Pb were selected because they are
ubiquitous in the environment; technological advances
have significantly increased their environmental levels;
both are transplacentally transferred and can affect in-
trauterine development. Further, exposure to radiation
or Pb in utero can produce postnatal neurological and
reproductive dysfunction. The chronic exposure levels
employed were 0.01-1.0 micro Ci HTO/ml body water
(3-300 millirads/day) and 5 and 50 ppm of Pb in drink-
ing water. These are, respectively, 2-200 times MPCw
for an individual in the general population and 100-
1000 times the U.S. Drinking Water Standards.
Keywords: 'Lead, 'Tritium, 'Radiation effects, Radio-
active isotopes, Potable water, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Exposure, Life cycles, Reproduction(Biology),
Central nervous system, Brain, Catecholamlne,
Dosage, Responses, Toxicology, Toxicity, Bioassay,
Reprints, Synergism, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Progeny.
PB-268 119/5 Not available NTIS
Some Effects of Chronic Tritium Exposure during
Selected Ages In the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John W. Laskey, and Steven J. Bursian. 1976,10p
EPA/600/J-76/061
Pub. in Radiation Research, v67 p314-323 1976.
To assess the Implication of age at the time of expo-
sure to chronic irradiation, rats were exposed to con-
stant tritium (HTO) activities of 10 mlcrocurles/ml of
body water for 42 days beginning either on the first day
of pregnancy or at birth, or at 42 days or 74 days of
age. This activity level provided a calculated whole-
body dose rate of 3 rad/day. The indicators of radio-
biologic damage employed were reproductive, endo-
crine, and neurochemical parameters and were as-
sessed at 49,120, or 300 days of age. A significant re-
duction in the testes weight and sperm content In rats
exposed either from the first day of pregnancy or birth
was evident upon examination at 49 days of age. Fe-
males exposed from the first day of pregnancy had a
significant reduction in their F2 litter size and an In-
crease in the number of resorbed embryos. Analysis
for norepinephrine (NE) and dopamlne (DA) concen-
tration in the brain and follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) concentration in the pituitary was performed at
49 and 300 days.
Keywords: 'Tritium, 'Radiation effects, 'Radlobiology,
Dose rate, Age, Rats, Laboratory animals, Experimen-
tal data, Exposure, Radioactive Isotopes, Irradiation,
Radiation dosage, Pregnancy, Tables(Data), Pathol-
ogy, Reproductive system, Endocrine glands, Neuro-
chemistry, Reprints.
PB-268 120/3 PC A02/MF A01
An Analog Echocardlogram for Estimating Ven-
tricular Stroke Volume. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
M. L. Petrovick, G. S. Malindzak, Jr., and E. D. Haak, Jr.
1976,11p EPA/600/J-76/066
Pub. in Ultrasound in Medicine, v2 p351-361 1976.
A multiple range-gated echocardiographic signal pro-
cessor has been developed for the purpose of con-
verting the complex ultrasonic image of the left ventric-
ular anterior and posterior wall boundaries to equiva-
lent analog signals as a means of estimating stroke
volume and computing cardiac output. Two conven-
tional time-analog range-gated modules have been re-
designed and synchronized with the initial transmit
pulse of 1000 hz, for the purpose of simultaneously
gating echocardiographic images of the anterior and
posterior left ventricular walls. Each echocardiogra-
phic image boundary is selectively gated in the A-
Mode and adjusted to a width exceeding the maximum
wall motion. The gated echocardiographic boundary of
each time-analog channel is processed by a fast-
attack envelope detector and a low-pass filter network
to produce a D.C. analog signal corresponding to the
motion of the left ventricular anterior and posterior
wall. These analog signals serve as the basis for the
estimation of ventricular stroke volume and the com-
putation of cardiac output.
Keywords: 'Heart function tests, 'Cardiography,
'Medical equipment, Ultrasonic frequencies, Biomedi-
cal measurement, Feasibility studies, Signal process-
ing, Analog systems, Reprints, 'Echocardiography,
Cardiac output, Noninvasive tests, 'Signal processing
systems, Image processing.
PB-268 121/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Ecostatlc Cane Processing System Prototype
Phase. Final rept,
Hilo Coast Processing Co., Pepeekeo, Hawaii.
Richard T. Webb, and Mark A. Goldman. Jun 77,114p
EPA/600/2-77/121
Grant EPA-S-802420
The overall objective of this project was to demon-
strate a systems environmental management ap-
proach, from field to final product, for the processing of
raw cane sugar. Specific sub-systems which were to
be developed and demonstrated as part of this sys-
tems approach were: (a) harvester-cleaner-transport-
er, (b) dry cane cleaner, (c) juice washing of dry
cleaned cane, (d) soil and wastewater disposal, (e)
cane trash wet cleaner, and (f) fibrous wastes burned
for the generation of commercial electrical power.
While the systems approach is a viable one for waste
reduction, it suffers from the weakness that if one sub-
system fails to operate as expected It directly affects
the successful operation of all or part of the total
system. In this study the failure of the harvester-clean-
er-transport system led directly to the failure of the
it hampered the successful operation of all the other
sub-systems. Failure of the harvester-cleaner-trans-
port system led to modifying the dry cleaner so that it
could be used as a wet cleaner. Water used in this
cleaner was screened and recycled back to the clean-
er; ultimately being rescreened and disposed of on
land via infiltration trenches. Generation of commercial
power from fibrous wastes was the most successful
aspect of the study. However, oil was necessary as a
supplemental fuel due to inadequate supplies of ba-
gasse.
Keywords: 'Sugarcane, 'Food processing, 'Solid
waste disposal, "Water pollution control, Performance
evaluation, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Byproducts,
Materials recovery, Design criteria, Harvesting,
Tables(Data), Plant location, Process charting, Ba-
gasse.
PB-268 133/6 PC A02/MF A01
Computer-Assisted Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectrometrlc Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. E. Poldoski. 3 Mar 77,3p EPA/600/ J-77/010
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v49 p891 -893 1977.
The use of furnace atomic absorption instrumentation
with a turnkey chromatography data system is de-
158 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
scribed. A simple addition of relays to the furnace
power supply allows for automatic start-up of A/D con-
version and spectrophotometer zeroing at the proper
time. Manipulations involving editing, sorting and aver-
aging of up to 250 atomization signals in an analysis
run were accomplished by developing a procedure em-
ploying BASIC language programming techniques.
The same dedicated data system was employed for all
steps and post-run data processing, conveniently ac-
complished in 5-15 minutes, gave a tabulation of
sample name, mean concentration, standard devi-
ation, number of analyses, and percent recovery.
Keywords: 'Furnaces, 'Chemical analysis, Trace ele-
ments, Samples, Data analysis, Atomic spectroscopy,
Absorption, Pollution, Computers,
Concentration(Composition), Standard deviation, Re-
prints, 'Atomic absorption spectroscopy, 'Computer
aided chemical analysis.
PB-26S 134/4 Not available NTIS
Improved Recovery of Hexachlorobenzene In Adi-
pose Tissue with a Modified Micro Multlresldue
Procedure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Howard L. Crist, and Robert F. Moseman. 4 Aug 75,5p
EPA/600/J-76/055
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, n117 p143-147 1976.
Using the described methodology the recovery of hex-
achlorobenzene from adipose tissue was significantly
increased over that normally obtained with other mul-
tiresidue procedures. The recovery of other commonly
encountered chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides was
not affected nor was the background from adipose
tissue intolerable. Although extensive work has not
been done, it is likely that improved recovery of hex-
achlorobenzene could be expected from other tissues.
Keywords: 'Connective tissues, 'Tissue extracts, Res-
idues, Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Fungi-
cides, Chemical analysis, Extraction, Experiments,
Bioassay, Performance evaluation, 'Benzene/hex-
achloro, Procedures, Reprints.
PB-268 135/1 PC A02/MF A01
Oxides of Nitrogen In the Atmosphere: Origin,
Fate and Public Health Implications. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John H. Knelson, and Robert E. Lee. 1977,5p EPA/
600/J-77/011
Pub. in AMBIO, v6 n2-3 p126-130 1977.
Nitrogen oxides are important air pollutants which are
associated with photochemical reactions in the atmos-
phere and adverse health effects. Although inaccura-
cies recently uncovered with the widely used colorime-
tric method invalidated much of the historical data for
N02, relatively good measurement techniques are
now available. Nitrogen oxides follow a regular diurnal
pattern in urban areas reflecting variations in emission
sources, primarily from motor vehicles, and meteoro-
logical conditions which facilitate photochemical reac-
tions. Although the toxicity of nitrogen oxides is not as
well defined as that for other major air pollutants, evi-
dence Is accumulating that short-term exposures have
different effects than the same dose administered over
a longer period of time. The most Important effects of
N02 appear to be on resistance to respiratory infec-
tion, whereas atmospheric nitrates seem to effect res-
piratory allergy.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, *Alr pollution, Photoche-
mical reactions, Public health, Toxicity, Respiratory in-
jections, Sources, Continuous sampling,
Concentration(Compo8itions), Dosage, Reprints. 'Air
Pollution effects(Humans), Atmospheric chemistry.
£8-268 136/9 Not available NTIS
Parathlon Residues on Apple and Pesch Foliage
•a Affected by the Pres«nc« of the Fungicides,
JJaneb and Zlneb. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
D. C. Staiff, J. E. Davis, and A. L. Bobbins. 1977,9p
EPA/600/J-77/013
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 n3p293-301 1977.
In a search for factors that might produce more haz-
ardous conditions for workers exposed to pesticide
residues on crops, a study was carried out to deter-
mine if the presence of the fungicides, maneb or zineb,
on apple and peach foliage where parathlon had been
applied, affects the rate of decay of parathion residues
and/or the formation of toxic conversion products
such as paraoxon, thus producing more hazardous
conditions for workers who enter treated areas. Re-
sults Indicated that there was no significant effect by
the fungicides on rate of parathion decay on apple fo-
liage; however, with peach there was a slightly greater
reduction, on an average weekly basis, where me fun-
gicides were used than where parathlon was applied
alone. The data indicated that there was no measur-
able difference in decay rate of parathlon through a 45-
day period of study where the fungicides were used.
Also, the fungicides did not seem to have an influence
on the rate of degradation of paraoxon when it was
formed on either apple or peach foliage. Thus, it ap-
pears that the presence of the fungicides on apple or
peach foliage with parathion does not produce
changes in residues sufficient to be considered a
factor in producing more hazardous conditions for crop
workers exposed to residues during thinning or picking
activities in Pacific Northwest orchards.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Pesticides, 'Apple trees,
•Peach trees, Residues, Fruit crops, Degradation, Un-
skilled workers, Nitro compounds, Thiocarbamates,
Sulfur organic compounds, Gas Chromatography, Re-
prints, 'Occupational health and safety, ^Parathion,
Phosphorothioic acid/0-O-(dimethyl-ester)-O-(nitro-
phenyl-ester), 'Maneb, Zlnc/bis(dithiocarbamato)-eth-
ylene, 'Zineb, Synergistic effects.
PB-268 137/7 Not available NTIS
Field Disposal of DDT: Effectiveness of Acidified
Powdered Zinc on Reduction of DDT In Soil. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Donald C. Staiff, Larry C. Butler, and James E. Davis. 3
May 76,13p EPA/600/J-77/014
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science Health, B12(1)
p1-13 1977.
In order to investigate methods suitable for field dis-
posal of small quantities of excess DDT on farms and
orchards, the degradation of DDT burled with various
concentrations of powdered zinc and a mild acid was
followed. Powdered zinc mixed with DDT, acetone,
and acetic acid led to the formation of DDD and
DDMS, which are environmentally less objectionable
than DDT or DDE.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, *DDT, 'Insecticides. 'De-
composition, Degradation, Zinc, Acid treatment, Sam-
pling, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, DDD in-
secticide, DDMS insecticide.
PB-268 138/6 PC A02/MF A01
Photochemical Confirmation of Mlrex In the Pres-
ence of Polychlorlrwted Blphenyls. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Robert G. Lewis, Robert C. Hanfsch, Kathryn E.
MacLeod, and G. Wayne Sovocool. 7 May 76,6p EPA/
600/J-76/065
Pub. In Jnl. of Agric. Food Chem.. v24 n5 p1030-1035
1976.
A simple method for the determination of mlrex in the
presence of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) is reported.
The procedure depends on dlethylamlne-assisted pho-
todegradation of interfering PCB's prior to measure-
ment of the mlrex by electron capture gas Chromatog-
raphy. An inexpensive 27S-W sunlamp (spectral output
greater than 280 nm) may be used as the Irradiation
source. Reductive dechlorlnatlon of the PCS results
apparently through primary photoexcltatlon of the bl-
phenyl, followed by hydrogen abstraction from both
the alkyl and amlno groups of the amlne. The method
has been successfully applied to human tissue ex-
tracts for the determination of mlrex In the presence of
Aroclor 1260 and other commonly occurring chlorinat-
ed pesticides.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, Residues,
Chlorine organic compounds, Qas Chromatography,
Electron capture, Tissue extracts, Photochemistry, In-
secticides, Humans. Reprints, 'Mlrex,
Methanocyctobuta(cd)pentalenes, Polychlorinated bl-
phenyls.
PB-268 139/3 PC A02/MF A01
Acid Precipitation: Effects of Sulfur Dioxide and
Sulfate Aerosol Particles on Human Health. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
David L. Coffin, and John H. Knelson. 1976,5p EPA/
600/J-76/067
Pub. in AMBIO, v5 n5-6 p249-252 1976.
While human health impairment has been attributed to
pollution by sulfur dioxide (S02), data from inhalation
studies in animals show that its oxidation products are
more irritating. Population surveys in which suspended
sulfate was a co-variant suggest that certain health pa-
rameters are associated more strongly with sulfate
than with SOS. Recent work with biological models in-
dicate that the sulfates and sulf uric acid act on the lung
through the release of histamine and the degree of re-
lease is related to the specific cation present. Attention
should be given to suliates and specific cations in at-
mospheric monitoring.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Sulfates, Inhalation, Laboratory animals, Experimen-
tal data, Cations, Oxidation, Lung, Histamlnes, Toxicol-
ogy, Acidity, Precipitation(Chemlstry), Gases, Guinea
pigs, Respiratory diseases, Public health, Animal
models, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Toxic substances, Environmental health, 'Acid rain.
PB-268 140/1 PC A02/MF A01
Developing a Health Standard from Epldemlolog-
leal and Clinical Data. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
JohnH. Knelson. 1876,9p EPA/600/J-76/062
See also CONF-751022. Pub. in Impact of Energy Pro-
duction on Human Health - An Evaluation of Means of
Assessment. ERDA Symposium Series 39, p51-59
1976.
The U.S. Clean Air Act provides the first systematic ap-
proach to evaluate health effects of air pollution. Tools
used to assess health effects of environmental pollu-
tion include epidemiology and clinical environmental
research. In planning a research strategy, four primary
points should be included: (1) Define the most likely
clinical changes associated with known or suspected
mechanisms or toxicity. (2) Describe the concentra-
tions and distribution of the most toxic environmental
agent in the biosphere. (3) Describe fully the popula-
tion at risk and (4) Evaluate potential costressors.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Hazardous materials,
•Toxicity, Air pollution, Concentration(Compositlon),
Epidemiology, Standards, Responses, Planning, Re-
search, Experimental data, Physiological effects, Pop-
ulations, Law(Jurisprudence), Photochemical oxidants,
'Environmental health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Clean Air Act, Air pollution abatement, Reprints.
PB-268 141/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Aaaeaament of the Urban Paniculate
Problem. Volume X. Seattle. Final rept.,
OCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Dlv.
Gordon L. Deane, and Frank Record. Jun 76,90p
GCA-TR-76-25-G(10), EPA/450/3-76/026h
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
This document Is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the partlcu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document Is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background Information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Particulate
Problem - Final Report. Volume I should be considered
the primary output of the report. The report summa-
rized herein presents the analyses of the paniculate
situation In the Seattle area conducted as part of the
study for the national assessment of the problem of at-
tainment or nonattainment of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards for participates. Seattle represents
a moderately Industrialized area, with above average
heating requirements and a definite rainy season, that
has had some success In reducing emissions and par-
ticulate concentrations though not enough to attain the
December"! 983 159
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
standards. Fugitive dust problem, analyses of the air
quality levels, emissions, regulations, monitoring net-
work, and meteorology, are included in this report. The
major findings in each of these areas are summarized
below in the order in which they appear in the text.
Keywords: "Assessments, 'Particles, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Regulations, Exhaust
emissions, Urban areas, Meteorology, Climatology,
Dust, Concent, Monitoring, Sources, Management
planning, Air filters, Sampling, Sites, Law enforcement,
Precipltation(Meteorology), "Air quality,
'Seattle(Washlngton).
PB-268 142/7 Not available NTIS
Epldemlologlc Stud)** of Coronary Heart Dlsvass
and Stroke In Japanese Men Living In Japan,
Hawaii and California. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Thomas L. Robertson, Hiroo Kato, George Q. Rhoads,
Abraham Kagan, and Michael Marmot. 1977,7p EPA/
600/J-77/016
Pub. In American Jnl. of Cardiology, v39 p244-249
1977.
The incidence of myocardial infarction and death from
coronary heart disease was studied in defined samples
of 45 to 66 year old Japanese men in Japan, Hawaii
and California. The Incidence rate was lowest in Japan
where it was half that observed In Hawaii (P<0.01).
The youngest men In the sample in Japan were at par-
ticularly low risk. The incidence among Japanese men
In California was nearly 50 percent greater than that of
Japanese in Hawaii (P<0.05). A striking increase in
the incidence of myocardial Infarction appears to have
occurred in the Japanese who migrated to the United
States; this Increase is more pronounced in California
than In Hawaii.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Coronary artery disease,
'Myocardial infarction, Cholesterol, Body weight,
Public health, Japan, Hawaii, California, Males, Heart
diseases, Diet, Death, Mortality, Demographic surveys,
Tables(Data), Medical examinations, Age, 'Japanese
people, Cigarette smoking, Reprints, Health risks.
PB-268 145/0 Not available NTIS
Automotive Hydrocarbon Emission Patterns and
the Measurement of Nonmethane Hydrocarbon
Emission Rates. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Frank Black, and Larry High. 1977,19p EPA/600/J-
77/009
Pub. by Society of Automotive Engineers, International
Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition,
Cobo Hall, Detroit, Ml, February 28-March 4, 1977,
Paper 77014.
The advent of emission control technology has result-
ed in significant changes in both the total mass and de-
tailed patterns of hydrocarbons emitted from auto-
mobiles. Emission rates of 56 hydrocarbons from 22
motor vehicles, including catalyst and noncatalyst con-
figurations, were determined for the Federal Urban
Driving Cycle. An increased relative abundance of
methane is indicated for vehicles equipped with oxida-
tion catalysts. In view of the photochemically non-re-
active nature of methane, simple and economic proce-
dures for determination of vehicle nonmethane hydro-
carbon emission rates are evaluated. In general the
procedures evaluated require independent total hydro-
carbon and methane analysis, with the nonmethane
hydrocarbon level calculated by difference. The proce-
dures are evaluated by comparison of indicated non-
methane hydrocarbon emission rates with rates ob-
tained by summation of individual compound rates de-
termined by advanced gas chromatographic proce-
dures.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, 'Automobile engines,
'Gas analysis, Exhaust emissions, Chemical analysis,
Methane, Air pollution control, Gas chromatography,
Infrared spectroscopy, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design,
Laboratory equipment, Monitors, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Automobile exhaust, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust
system).
PB-268 146/8 PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Enzyme Induction and Llndane Me-
tabolism In Rats Pre-treated with Various Organ-
ochlorlne Pesticides. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
R. W. Chadwick, C. J. Chadwlck, J. J. Freal, and C. C.
Bryden. 24 Oct 76,12p EPA/600/J-77/012
Pub. in Xenobiotica, v7 n4 p235-2461977.
The comparative effect of 7 days pre-treatment with
one of seven organochlorine pesticides on the metab-
olism of lindane in vivo and on the metabolism of EPN,
p-nitroanisole and methyl orange In vitro was Investi-
gated. Mlrex was the most potent inducer of the oxida-
flve hydrolysis of EPN, the 0-demethylation of p-nl-
troanisole and the azo reduction of methyl orange.
Chlordane and DDT were equipotent followed by hex-
achlorobenzene, toxaphene, pentac and penphene.
DDT stimulated significantly greater metabolism of lin-
dane than did pre-treatment with any of the other six
pesticides. In general DDT, mlrex, chlordane and hex-
achlarobenzene were the most effective activators of
lindane metabolism followed by toxaphene, pentac
and penphene. Comparative differences In lindane
metabolism In vivo were not adequately reflected by
the determination of enzyme activities in vitro. Pre-
treatment with organochlorine pesticides altered lin-
dane metabolism by selective effects on specific meta-
bolic pathways.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
"Chlorobenzenes, Enzymes, Metabolism, Stimulation,
Rlbosomes, Liver, Rats, In vitro analysis, In vivo analy-
sis, DDT, Chlordan, Reprints, 'Enzyme activation, Ml-
crosomes, Anisole/nitro, Methyl orange, Parathlon,
Mlrex.
PB-268 1S7/5 PC A14/ MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Wast* Dispersion Characteristics and Effects In
an Oceanic Environment. Final rept.,
DuPont de Nemours (E. I.) and Co., Wilmington, Del.
Engineering Dept.
Lloyd L. Falk, Thomas D. Myers, and Robert V.
Thomann. Jun 77, 319p EPA/600/2-77/112
Prepared in cooperation with Delaware Univ., Newark.
Coll. of Marine Studies, and Hydroscience, Inc.,
Westwood, N.J.
Operation of a waste disposal system for oceanic dis-
persion offered an opportunity to develop a mathemat-
ical model of dispersion behind a moving barge. The
model takes into account the vertical temperature-
density structure of the ocean, and the density and set-
tling characteristics of the wastes. It was verified with
several sets of field data obtained behind the barge.
Studies on marine life of the disposal area showed no
changes definitely attributable to the disposal oper-
ation. Cost data on the barging operation are given.
Keywords: 'Ocean environments, 'Industrial wastes,
'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Dispersing, Barges, Density(Mass/volume),
Ocean temperature, Sea water, Mixing, Titanium diox-
ide, Monitoring, Iron, Concentration(Composition), pH,
Alkalinity, Fishes, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Aquatic animals,
Tables(Data), North Atlantic Ocean, 'Ocean waste
disposal, 'Water quality data, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Baseline studies.
PB-268 232/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Destroying Chemical Wastes In Commercial Seals
Incinerators. Facility Report No. 2, Surface Com-
bustion Division, Midland-Ross Corporation. Facili-
ty test rept.,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
J. W. Adams, J. C. Harris, P. L. Levins, J. L. Stauffer,
and K. E. Thrun. Nov 76,162p* EPA/530/SW-122C.2
Contract EPA-68-01 -2966
Prepared by Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
See also PB-265 541.
Tests were conducted at Surface Combustion Divi-
sion, Midland-Ross Corporation, Toledo, Ohio, to de-
termine the effectiveness of pyrolysls for treatment of
three selected chemical wastes: centrifuged API sepa-
rator bottoms, styrene production wastes and rubber
manufacturing wastes. The average conversion of or-
ganic material in the waste to organic material in the
gaseous pyrolyzer effluent was 70% for API waste,
60% for styrene waste, and 80% for rubber waste. In
each case the vapor stream contained a wide variety
of organic compounds from methane and acetylene to
high boiling (500C) aromatic liquids and tars, including
appreciable concentration of polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons. The residual ash in each case was 60%
inorganic material. Test results suggest that pyrolysis
Is technically and economically feasible for rubber
wastes, technically feasible but not economically at-
tractive for the API waste, and not an appropriate treat-
ment for the liquid styrene production waste.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Incinerators, 'Rubber,
'Styrene, 'Petroleum, 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste
disposal, Pyrolysis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Proc-
ess charting, Performance evaluation, Monitoring,
Heat recovery, Field tests, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Feasibility, Gravimetric analy-
sis, Manufacturing, 'Liquid waste
Toledo(Ohlo), EPA method 5.
PB-268 234/2 PC A17/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Ground-Water Pollution Problems In the South-
eastern United States. Final rept.,
Geraghty and Miller, Inc., Port Washington, N.Y.
John C. Miller, Paul S. Hackenberry, and Frank A.
DeLuca. Jan 77, 379p EPA/600/3-77/012
Contract EPA-68-03-2193
An evaluation of principal sources of ground-water
contamination has been carried out in seven south-
eastern States-Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississip-
pi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Natu-
ral ground-water quality Is good to excellent, except for
the presence of saline water In some coastal aquifers.
Principal sources of man-caused ground water quality
problems In order of severity are: surface Impound-
ments, landfills, underground storage of waste fluids
and surplus water, leaks and spills, agricultural activi-
ties, mining activities, and septic tanks. This investiga-
tion indicates that the cases of ground-water contami-
nation recorded to date and referenced in this report
represent only a very small percentage of those that
actually exist.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Sources,
Earth fills, Agriculture, Mining, Septic tanks, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Virginia, Liquid waste disposal, "Water qual-
ity, Southeast Region(United States).
PB-268 238/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Compact, In-Stack, Three Size Cut Particle Classi-
fier. Final rept. May 75-Oct 76,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
George E. Lacey, Kenneth M. Cushing, and Wallace B.
Smith. Apr 77, 96p EPA/600/7-77/033
Contract EPA-68-02-1736
A compact, in-stack, three size cut particle classifier
was designed, fabricated and tested. The classifer
consists of a two-stage impactor and back-up filter de-
signed to measure the paniculate emissions from
sources In three size ranges: greater than 3 microme-
ter, approximately 1-3 micrometer, greater than 1 mi-
crometer. Three sets of jet plates (two let plates per
set) are Included. Each set is designed for a different
flow rate; however, all particle size cutpoints produce
data In the three size ranges of Interest. A choice of
flow rates is desirable to allow reasonable sampling
times at paniculate emission sources with both high
and low mass loadings. The classifier was calibrated In
the laboratory with monodlsperse aerosols from a vi-
brating orifice aerosol generator. In field tests at three
power plants, particle size distribution by the classifier
were compared to particle size distributions by Ander-
sen and Brink samplers. With this compact sampling
system, measurements of the three size fractions are
possible over a wide range of test conditions.
Keywords: 'Classlfers, "Particle size distribution, *lm-
pactors, "Electric power plants, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Design criteria, Chimneys, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Aerosols, Calibrating, Performance
evaluation, Field tests, "Air pollution sampling, Station-
any sources.
160 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-268 23971 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Factors Affecting the Collection Efficiency of At-
mospheric Sulfate. Final rept. Apr 75-Nov 76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
R. W. Coutant. May 77,99p EPA/600/2-77/076
Contract EPA-68-02-1784
Factors that influence the collection and measurement
of atmospheric sulfate were Investigated. Special em-
phasis was given to those factors that cause the for-
mation of extraneous sulfate during the sampling proc-
ess. The factors considered were filter type ana com-
position, ambient SO2 concentration, temperature, rel-
ative humidity, ambient gas composition, sampling
time and rate, storage time and conditions, and the
presence of potential oxidation catalysts in the particu-
lar catch. The approach of the investigation was two-
fold. After conducting an extensive laboratory program
to identify and quantify significant sulfate generating
interactions, a brief field study was performed to test
the significance of the laboratory observations under
typical field operating conditions. The results of this in-
vestigation indicated that the most significant cause of
sulfate sampling error is the interaction of basic filter
components with ambient SO2. This interaction is af-
fected by ambient atmospheric conditions. A relation-
ship based on established chemistry was developed
for the prediction of sulfate error caused by this inter-
action. Recommendations of filter media appropriate
tor ambient sulfate monitoring and further develop-
ment of a methodology are included.
Keywords: *Sulfates, Sites, Tables(Data), Perform-
ance evaluation, Gas sampling, Air filters, Sulfur diox-
ide, Efficiency, Concentratlon(Composition), Numeri-
cal analysis, Laboratory equipment, Particles, Absorp-
tion, Experimental design, Field tests, Error analysis,
Catalysts, Velocity, Storage, *Air pollution sampling.
PB-268 240/9 PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Hydrogen Sulflde In Refinery
Fuel Oases. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Joseph E. Knoll, and M. Rodney Midgett. Jan 77,40p
EPA/600/4-77/007
Errata sheet inserted
Several widely employed test methods for the iodime-
tric measurement of hydrogen sulfide in refinery fuel
gases are shown to suffer Irom serious thiol interfer-
ences. An absorbing solution consisting of 0.16 M cad-
mium sulfate/sulfurlc acid at pH 3.0 is shown to be ef-
fective for the collection of hydrogen sulfide in the 70-
700 mg/cu m range and to be essentially free from in-
terference by up to 1800 mg/cu m of methanethlol.
When combined with a single 3 percent hydrogen per-
oxide impinger, sulfur dioxide Interferences of up to
1,300 mg/cu m are also removed. No measureable in-
terference results from the presence of carbon oxysul-
fide, ethene, dimethyl sulfoxide, or thiophene. Acetal-
dehyde and acetone are observed to interfere at the
2,400 and 46,000 mg/cu m level, respectively. It Is pro-
posed that the absorption solution described here be
substituted for the cadmium hydroxide/cadmium sul-
fate mixture used in the EPA test method (Method 11)
for determining the hydrogen sulfide content of refin-
ery fuel gases.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Gas analysis. Air pollu-
tion, Refineries, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Thlols, Experimental design, Sampling, Labo-
ratory equipment, Chemical analysis, Concentration,
Air bollution detection, EPA method 11, lodometry,
Refinery gases.
PB-268 342/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Emission Inventory Capital District (New York) Air
Quality Maintenance Area. Final rept,
Capital District Regional Planning Commission,
Albany, N.Y.
Thomas W. Easterly. May 77,54p EPA/902/4-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2314
See also Report dated Jan 75, PB-240 659.
This project provides a disaggregated paniculate and
•utfur dioxide emission Inventory suitable for use In
potn base year and projection year modeling required
for the Capital District Air Quality Maintenance Area.
1 ™ allocation and projection methodology is essen-
tially that of volumes 7 and 13 of the Guidelines for Air
Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis series
published by USEPA. The published report contains
county and AQMA level estimates of residential and
non-automotive transportation emissions for the base
and projection years. It also includes the expected
growth or decline of commercial and Industrial emis-
sions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
'New York, Inventories, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Fore-
casting, Methodology, Municipalities, Estimates, Com-
bustion products, Residential buildings, Industrial
wastes, Transportation, Data acquisition, Sources, 'Air
quality maintenance, Air quality control regions.
PB-268 248/2 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports November 1976
• January 1977. Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul
Nordin. Apr 77,306p EPA/600/2-77/075
Grant EPA-R-803992
See also Quarterly rept. for August-October 1976, PB-
267 266.
Subjects covered include all aspects of aquatic and
terrestrial oil pollution. Items in Section I are catego-
rized by seven major subdivisions which are divided
into thirty-two specific subject categories. These are
presented in the Table of Contents. Patents and
patent applications are announced under appropriate
subject categories. Subject and author indexes for en-
tries in Section I are provided at the end of the report.
A list of the periodicals reviewed In preparing this
series appears in the Appendix. Section II presents
titles of active or recently completed oil pollution re-
search projects, summaries of project objectives, and
current status information and/or resulting publica-
tions provided upon request by the principallnvestiga-
tors or performing organization. Section III, Current Oil-
Related Conferences, contains descriptive information
on recently held and upcoming conferences relevant
to any aspects of oil pollution.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution,
'Bibliographies, Meetings, Oil pollution control, Law
enforcement, Environmental impacts, Economic anal-
ysis, Cleaning, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Remote
sensing, Regulations, Sampling, Materials recovery,
Transport properties, Reclamation, Marine biology,
Offshore drilling, OH wells, Gas wells, Solid waste dis-
posal, Oceans, Sources, Patents, Legislation, Interna-
tional law, Oil pollution detection, Oil pollution removal,
Contigency planning, Water pollution erfects(Animals),
Ocean waste disposal.
PB-268 249/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Economic Impacts of Pulp and Paper Industry
Compliance with Environmental Regulations.
Volume III. Appendices to Volume I. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Peter L. Oliver, Claire R. Canty, Louise M. Firth, Fred D.
lannazzl, and Nelson R. Lipshutz. May 77,175p EPA/
230/3-76/014
Contract EPA-68-01-2841
See also Volume 2, PB-267 813, and Volume 1, PB-
267812.
This report estimates the economic impacts of all
major environmental regulations on the pulp and paper
industry. Regulations covered Include: (1) air-state im-
plementation plans and new source performance
standards, (2) water-effluent limitations, and (3) noise-
OSHA regulations. The main economic Impacts esti-
mated are: (1) prices, (2) closure, (3) external financ-
ing. Econometric analysis was used to estimate
demand and supply curves for the major product sec-
tors. The economics of model plants was used to
assess closures and long run prices. A financial funds
flow model was developed to estimate cash flow re-
quirements for growth and environmental costs.
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Regulations, 'Paper
industry, 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Noise pollution, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Pulping, Papermaklng, Bleaching,
Waste papers, Materials recovery, Economic analysis,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Mathematical
models, Prices, Closures, Financing, Chemicals.
PB-268 2S2/4 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Classification of American Cities for Case Study
Analysis. Volume II. Detailed Report. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, Mass.
Elizabeth Lake, Carol Blair, James Hudson, and
Richard Tabors. Apr 77,234p EPA/600/5-77/008b
Contract EPA-68-01 -3299
Attempts to analyze and evaluate the impacts of feder-
al programs have led to the extensive use of case
studies of program impacts at selected metropolitan
sites. This project has developed a methodology for
the systematic selection of representative case study
sites and for generalizing the study results. The meth-
odology, involving two stage factor analysis and clus-
tering, is applied to a specific program/policy problem,
the selection of metropolitan areas for case studies in
analyzing the impact of federal policies on general en-
vironmental quality.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, Classifications, United
States, Government policies, National government,
Environmental surveys, Economic surveys, Demo-
graphic surveys, Socioeconomic status, Factor analy-
sis, Standard municipal statistical areas, Environmen-
tal quality.
PB-268 283/2 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Classification of American Cities for Case Study
Analysis. Volume III. Documentation of Data Used
In Factor Analysis and City Classification. Final
rept,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, Mass.
Elizabeth Lake, Carol Blair, James Hudson, and
Richard Tabors. Apr 77,228p EPA/600/5-77/008c
Contract EPA-68-01 -3299
See also Volume 2. PB-268 252.
Volume 3 of a three volume study continues a discus-
sion begun In volume 2 of the methodology for classi-
fying U.S. cities with regard to environmental issues
and federal policies for environmental quality.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, Classifications, United
States, Environmental surveys, Economic surveys, De-
mographic surveys, Data acquisition, Information sys-
tems, Models, Metropolitan areas, Factor analysis,
Government policies.
PB-268 263/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab.. Oreg.
Lake Kemp, Baylor County, Texas. Final rept
National Eutrophteation Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,44p Working Paper-646
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophteation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Kemp, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Texas, Eutrophteation, 'Water
quality data, Baylor CountyfTexas).
PB-268 264/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Brownwood, Brown County, Texas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophteation Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Feb 77,48p Working Paper-635
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monttor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
December 1983 161
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Lake Brownwood, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Brown CountyfTexas).
PB-268 265/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Thoma* HIM Reservoir, Macon and Randolph
Counties, Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Feb 77,48p Working Paper-550
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Missouri Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Jefferson City, and Missouri National Guard,
Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Thomas Hill Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Missouri, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Macon
County(Missouri), Randolph County(Missouri).
PB-268 266/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Grand Lake O' The Cherokee*, Ottawa, Mayas,
Delaware, and Craig Counties, Oklahoma. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,81 p Working Paper-589
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collated by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Grand Lake O' The
Cherokees, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bio-
assay, Watersheds, Water quality management, Okla-
homa, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Ottawa
County(Oklahoma), Mayes County(Oklahoma), Dela-
ware County(Oklahoma), Craig County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 267/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Frances, Adalr County, Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,45p Working Paper-588
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition anal limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Frances, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Adair County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 281/3 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Belton Reservoir, Bell and Coryell Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,54p Working Paper-633
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of Ihe lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Belton Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Bell CountyfTexas), Coryell
CountyfTexas).
PB-268 282/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
O. C. Fisher (San Angelo) Reservoir, Tom Green
County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,39p Working Paper-656
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, *O.C. Fisher(San Angelo)
Reservoir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bio-
assay, Watersheds, Water quality management,
Texas, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Tom
Greene CountyfTexas).
PB-268 283/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
E. V. Spence Reservoir, Coke County, Texas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,44p Working Paper-658
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, *E V Spence Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Coke County(Texas).
PB-268 284/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Whitney Reservoir, Bosque and Hill Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,56p Working Paper-668
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Whitney Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Bosque CountyfTexas),
Hill CountyfTexas).
PB-268 287/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Blacklist! Lake, Crlttenden and St. Francis Coun-
ties, Arkansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,41 p Working Paper-481
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg. Arkansas Dept. of Pollution Con-
trol and Ecology, Little Rock, Arkansas National
Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Blackfish Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arkansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Crittenden County(Arkansas),
Saint Francis County(Arkansas).
PB-268 288/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Lewlsvffle (Qarza-Llttle Elm), Denton County,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,64p Working Paper-650
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake LewisvillefGarza-
Little Elm), Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bio-
assay, Watersheds, Water quality management,
Texas, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Denton
CountyfTexas).
PB-268 289/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Assessment of Otooprsssurad
Waters and Their Projected Uses. Final rept,
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex. Texas Div.
J. S. Wilson, J. R. Hamilton, J. A. Manning, and P. E.
Muehlberg. Apr 77, 9Bp EPA/600/7-77/039
Contract EPA-68-02-1329
A possible source of alternate energy for the nation is
believed to exist in the deep geopressured reservoirs
found in the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast sedimen-
tary basins. This report considers the potential uses of
the geopressured geothermal resource and the envi-
ronmental aspects of those uses. Economics of power
production are estimated as an aid to assignment of
priority research and development in the area. Princi-
pal environmental impacts of any of the proposed uses
will result from the waste fluid streams and from possi-
ble subsidence of the wellfield. In most Instances, dis-
posal of this large volume of saline fluid will require
relnjection, canaling to a saline water body, or some
more imaginative method. The area is one of natural
162 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
subsidence which may be accelerated by deep fluid
withdrawal. This report describes the resource, the
possible uses, the projected resulting emissions, other
impacts upon the land, the present stage of develop-
ment, and projections of future developmental plans.
Keywords: 'Geothermal energy conversion, *Electric
power plants, 'Environmental impacts, 'Management
planning, Forecasting, Economic analysis, Geothermal
heating, Geology, Subsidence, Earthquakes, Water
pollution, Brines, Geothermal fluids, Pressure, Cooling
towers, Thermal pollution, Salinity, Coasts, Texas,
Louisiana, Texas Gulf CoastfUnited States), Louisiana
Gulf Coast(United States).
PB-268 294/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Witter Reservoir, Leflore County, Oklahoma. Final
rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,48p Working Paper-595
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Wlster Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Leflore County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 295/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Arbuckle Lake, Murray County, Oklahoma. Final
rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,49p Working Paper-562
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Arbuckle Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tlon, 'Water quality data, Murray County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 296/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Somervlll* Lake, Burleson, Lee and Washington
Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,50p Working Paper-659
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
alther point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
•too provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Somerville Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
utlon abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophicatlon,
Water quality data, Burleson CountyfTexas), Lee
CountyfTexas), Washington CountyfTexas).
PB-268 297/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Medina Lake, Bandera, and Medina Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,50p Working Paper-652
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Medina Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophicatlon,
'Water duality data, Bandera CountyfTexas), Medina
County (Texas).
PB-268 302/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Report on Lake Meredith, Hutchlnson, Moors, and
Potter Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Mar 77,49p Working Paper-653
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Water Quality
Board, Austin, Texas National Guard, Austin, Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
and Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Meredith, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Texas, 'Water qual-
ity data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic load-
ings, Hutchinson County(Texas), Moore
CountyfTexas), Potter County(Texas).
PB-268 303/5 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Buchanan, Burnet and Llano Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Feb 77, 53p Working Paper-636
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Buchanan, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophicatlon,
'Water quality data, Burnet CountyfTexas), Llano
County(Texas).
PB-268 304/3 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Effects of Copper and Zinc on Smoltlflcatlon of
Coho Salmon. Final rept.,
Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis.
Harold W. Lorz, and Barry P. McPherson. Mar 77,81p
EPA-600/3-77/032
Grant EPA-R-802468
life
in freshwater and then migrate to the sea. Transition
from freshwater to marine existence requires physio-
logical changes which are involved in the development
of the migratory smolt stage. Sublethal exposure to
pollutants in freshwater could theoretically disrupt
smoltification and indirectly cause the death of smolts.
In this study, exposure of smolt age coho to sublethal
levels of copper in freshwater interfered with normal
osmotic and ionic control in blood plasma; when the
copper exposed fish were transferred to seawater the
plasma osmolality and chloride concentrations in-
creased significantly, compared to controls, and many
died. These responses were attributed in part to an ob-
served suppression of Na(+), K(+) -- activated
ATPase activity in the gills of copper exposed fish. The
most sensitive latent effect of exposure to sublethal
levels of copper was the failure of copper exposed
coho smolts to migrate successfully following release
into a natural stream.
Keywords: 'Salmon, 'Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollu-
tion, Animal physiology, Animal migrations, Copper,
Zinc, Toxic tolerances, Blood plasma, Adenosine
phosphates, Enzymes, Sea water, Sublethal dosage,
Osmosis, Fresh water, Survival, Mortality, Bioassay,
Tables(Data), Experimental data, Coho salmon, Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB-268 306/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Calavsraa Lake, Bexar County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,46p Working Paper-638
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Calaveras Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Bexar CountyfTexas).
PB-268 307/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Wright Patman (Texarkana) Reservoir, Bowls and
Cass Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Mar 77,62p Working Paper-669
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Wright
PatmanfTexarkana) Reservoir, Water quality, Inorgan-
ic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement,
Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water quality man-
agement, Texas, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data,
Bowie CountyfTexas), Cass CountyfTexas).
PB-268 309/2 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Lavon, Collln County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,61p Working Paper-649
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
December 1983 163
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlonal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Lavon, Water qual-
ify, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Texas, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Collins CountyfTexas).
PB-268 310/0 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Sam Rayburn Reservoir, Angelina, Jasper, Nacog-
doches, Sablne, and San Auguatlne Counties,
Texas. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,70p Working Paper-657
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Sam Rayburn Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Angelina CountyfTexas),
Jasper CountyfTexas}, Nacogdoches County (Texas),
Sabine CountyfTexas), San Augustine CountyfTexas).
PB-268 311/8 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Clearwater Lake, Reynolds and Wayne Counties,
Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Feb 77,45p Working Paper-547
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Missouri Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Jefferson City, and Missouri National Guard,
Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clearwater Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Missouri, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Reynolds County(Missouri),
Wayne County(Missouri).
PB-268 312/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Amlstad Reservoir, Val Verde County, Texas. Final
rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,52p Working Paper-631
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Amistad Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Val Verde CountyfTexas).
PB-268 313/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Wappapello, Wayne and Butler Counties,
Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Feb 77,49p Working Paper-551
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Missouri Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Jefferson City, and Missouri National Guard,
Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Wappapello, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Missouri, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Wayne County(Missouri), Butler
County(Missouri).
PB-268 314/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Blus Mountain Lake, Logan and Yell Counties, Ar-
kansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,45p Working Paper-482
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Blue Mountain Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Arkansas, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Logan
County(Arkansas), Yell County(Arkansas).
PB-268 322/5 PC A16/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Effects of Irrigation Methods on Groundwater
Pollution by Nitrates and Other Solutes. Final rept.,
Texas A and M Univ., Lubbock. Agricultural Research
and Extension Center.
Charles W. Wendt, Arthur B. Onken, Otto C. Wilke, and
Ronald D. Lacewell. Dec 76,358p EPA-600/2-76-291
Grant EPA-S-802806
Sprinkler irrigation, furrow irrigation, subirrigation, auto-
mated subirrigation, criteria for applying irrigation
water, methods of applying fertilizer and sources of
fertilizer were investigated as to their potential to de-
crease possible pollution from nitrate and other so-
lutes in a loamy fine sand soil overlying a shallow
aquifer in Knox County, Texas. Less nitrate-nitrogen
was available for leaching in subirrigation systems
than furrow and sprinkler systems. Less Irrigation
water was applied with automated subirrigation sys-
tems than with the other Irrigation systems. However,
crop water requirement was not significantly changed-
the soil water was more efficiently used. Subirrigation
has the possibility of having irrigation return flow with
lower concentrations of other solutes than sprinkler or
furrow systems.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollu-
tion, Aquifers, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrogen, Fertilizers,
Sprinkler irrigation, Surface irrigation, Leaching, Soil
water, Concentratlon(Composition), Phosphorus.
Chlorides, Subsurface drainage, Efficiency, Magne-
sium, Calcium, Sodium, Isotoplc labeling, Texas,
•Return flow, 'Subirrigation systems, Soil water move-
ment, Knox CountyfTexas).
PB-268 324/1 PC A21/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Toxicology of Metals. Volume II,
Permanent Commission and Internation^' Association
of Occupational Health. Subcommittee on the Toxicol-
ogy of Metals.
Lars Friberg. May 77,492p* EPA/600/1-77/022
Contract EPA-68-02-1287
See also Volume 1, PB-253 991. Prepared in coopera-
tion with National Swedish Environment Protection
Board, Stockholm, and Karolinska Institutet, Stock-
holm (Sweden).
The report on metal toxicology contains reviews on
twenty-three metals. These have been written for in-
clusion in a Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals:
Environmental and Occupational Aspects which is
being prepared by the Scientific Committee on the
Toxicology of Metals of the Permanent Commission
and International Association of Occupational Health.
The metals covered In this volume are: aluminum, anti-
mony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium,
chromium, cobalt, copper, germanium, indium, lead,
mercury, molybdenum, silver, tellurium, thallium, tin, ti-
tanium, tungsten, uranium, and zinc.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Metals, Toxicity, Metabolism,
Heavy metal excretion, Absorptlon(Biology), Environ-
ments, Industrial atmospheres,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical properties,
Chemical analysis, Dosage, Permissible dosage,
Humans, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, 'Heavy
metals, Bioaccumulation, Body burdens, Environmen-
tal health.
PB-268 325/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Corpus Christ), Jim Wells, Live Oak, and San
Patrlclo Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,48p Working Paper-641
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Corpus Christi,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Missouri, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Jim Wells
County(Missouri), Live Oak County(Missouri), San Pa-
tricio County(Missourl).
PB-268 326/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Eagle Mountain Lake, Tarrant and Wise Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,53p Working Paper-643
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Eagle Mountain Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Tarrant CountyfTexas),
Wise County(Texas).
PB-268 327/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Abandoned Automobile Removal. Final rept.
Kentucky Dept. for Natural Resources ana Environ-
mental Protection, Frankfort.
164 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1977, 32p EPA/530/SW-90d
GrantEPA-L-004019
This report gives a detailed study of two pilot projects,
which helped to improve the market for abandoned ve-
hicles, plus a full-scale demonstration project, which
was to improve overall solid waste management by re-
covering, for recycling, as many junked and aban-
doned vehicles as possible in 15 selected counties.
The benefits of the program were many. During the
project year, over 5,000 abandoned vehicles were col-
lected and recycled. Each car was converted into ap-
proximately one ton of steel. Local sponsors received
about $100,000 from the sale of the junked cars to re-
cycling firms. Therefore, aesthetic, environmental, and
monetary goals were all met. Discussion of future pro-
gram needs and legislative recommendations were
also included in this report.
Keywords: *Solid waste disposal, 'Automobiles, "Ma-
terials recovery, 'Management planning, Metal scrap,
Steels, Collection, Shredding, Cost analysis, Legisla-
tion, Kentucky, 'Waste recycling, 'Junk car disposal,
Waste processing, Metal recycling, Secondary materi-
als industry.
PB-268 328/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Stockton Reservoir, Dade, Polk, and Cedar Coun-
ties, Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Fob 77,63p Working Paper-549
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Missouri Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Jefferson City, and Missouri National Guard,
Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Stockton Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Missouri, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Dade County(Missouri),
Polk County(Missouri), Cedar County(Missouri).
PB-268 330/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environment Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Stamford, Haskell County, Texas. Final rapt.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,46p Working Paper-660
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Stamford, Water
Quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophlcation,
Water quality data, Haskell County(Texas).
PB-268 334/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Drag.
Mar 77,46p Working Paper-666
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
JM and Support Lab , Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according
wrier point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AN data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Twin Buttes Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Tom Greene
County(Texas).
PB-268 337/3 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Possum Kingdom Reservoir, Palo Pinto, Ste-
phens, and Young Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,55p Working Paper-655
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Possum Kingdom Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Palo Pinto CountyfTexas),
Stephens CountyfTexas), Young CountyfTexas).
PB-268 338/1 PC A03/MF AOt
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Colorado City, Mitchell County, Texas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,41p Working Paper-640
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Colorado City,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Mitchell County(Texas).
PB-268 339/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Ft Loudoun Reservoir, Loudoun, Knox and
Blount Counties. Watt* Bar Reservoir, Rhea,
Melgs, Roane, Monroe, Cumberland, and Loudoun
Countlee. Chlckamauga Reservoir, Hamilton,
Rhea, Melgs, McMInn Counties. Nlckalack Reser-
voir, Marlon and Hamilton Counties, Tennessee.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,186p Working Paper-446
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Tennessee Dept. of Public
Health. Nashville, Tennessee National Guard, Nash-
ville.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fort Loudoun Reservoir,
'Watts Bar Reservoir, 'Chlckamauga Reservoir,
•Ntokajack Reservoir, Water quality, Inorganic phos-
phates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutri-
ents, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water quality manage-
ment, Tennessee, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data,
Loudoun County(Tennessee), Knox
County(Tennessee), Blount County(Tennessee), Rhea
County(Tennessee), Meigs County(Tennessee),
Roane County(Tennessee), Monroe
County(Tennessee), Cumberland County(Tennessee),
Hamilton CountyfTennessee), McMinn
County(Tennessee), Marion County(tennessee).
PB-268 355/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Thunderblrd, Cleveland County, Oklahoma.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77, 50p Working Paper-594
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Thunderbird, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Cleveland
County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 356/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Diversion, Archer and Baylor Counties,
Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,41 p Working Paper-642
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Diversion, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Archer CountyfTexas), Baylor
CountyfTexas).
PB-268 361/3 PC A03/MF A01
Sulfates In the Atmosphere. A Progress Report on
Project MISTT Midwest Interstate Sulfur Trans-
formation and Transport). Interim rept. Jun 74-Jun
76,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
W. t. Wilson, R. J. Charlson, R. B. Husar, K. T. Whitby,
and D. Blumenthal. Mar 77,40p EPA/600/7-77/021
Report of the Interagency Energy-Environment Re-
search and Development Program. See also Report
dated Nov 76, PB-262 202.
The size and sulfate content of atmospheric aerosols
and the rate and mechanisms for sulfate formation
from sulfur dioxide in power plant plumes are re-
viewed. Emphasis is given to results from the recent
USEPA study, Project MISTT (Midwest Interstate
Sulfur Transformation and Transport). The rate of con-
version of sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosol In power
plant plumes is low near the point of emission, but in-
creases to several percent per hour as ambient air
mixes with the plume. Tall stacks reduce ground-level
concentrations of sulfur dioxide, resulting in a reduc-
tion of the amount removed by dry deposition. In urban
plumes, which are well-mixed to the ground near the
source, sulfur dioxide Is removed more rapidly by dry
deposition. Thus, tall stacks Increase the atmospheric
residence time of sulfur dioxide, which leads to an in-
crease In atmospheric sulfur formation. These sulfate
aerosols may be transported over distances of several
December 1983 165
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
hundred kilometers and produce air pollution episodes
tar from the pollution source.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, 'Plumes, 'Elec-
tric power plants, Particle size distributions, Chimneys,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Chemical re-
actions, Urban areas, Sulfuric acid, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Aerosols, Chemical properties, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Flow rate, MISTT
project, Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical reaction
mechanisms, 'Air pollution sampling, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB-268 362/1 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Beaver, Table Rock, and Bull Shoals Reservoirs,
Arkansas and Taneycomo Reservoir, Missouri,
Benton, Carroll, Boone, Marlon and Baxter Coun-
ties, Arkansas and Barry, Stone, Taney, and Ozark
Counties, Missouri. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Feb 77,188p Working Paper-480
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Oept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, Missouri Oept. of
Natural Resources, Jefferson City, and Missouri Na-
tional Guard, Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Beaver Reservoir,
'Table Rock Reservoir, 'Bull Shoals Reservoir, 'Tan-
eycomo Reservoir, Water quality, Inorganic phos-
phates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutri-
ents, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water qualify manage-
ment, Missouri, Arkansas, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Benton County(Arkansas), Carroll
County(Arkansas), Boone County(Arkansas). Marion
CountWArkansas), Baxter County(Arkansas), Barry
County(Missouri), Stone County(Missouri), Taney
Counry(Missouri), Ozark County(Missouri).
PB-268 385/4 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air, Land and Waterllse.
Developments at International Conference on
Water Pollution Research (8th), Held In Sydney,
Australia on October 17-22,1976. Final rept.,
Delaware Univ., Newark. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
.Richard I. Dick. Jun 77,229p EPA/600/9-77-015
Grant EPA-R-804288-01
This report is a critical analysis of formal and informal
developments o1 potential interest to the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency at the Eighth International
Conference on Water Pollution Research held in
Sydney, Australia, on October 17-22, 1976. The con-
ference subject matter of particular significance in-
cludes transport of pathogens, indicator organisms for
viruses, ozone disinfection, environmental hazards of
Americium 241 in water, biomonitoring techniques, ef-
fects of pH on lime sludges disposed in landfills, uses
of scrubber sludges for coagulation/clarification, uses
of aerated equalization ponds in reclamation systems,
use of magnetized resins in moving bed ion exchang-
ers, sewage pretreatment for ocean disposal, land dis-
posal of wastewater, corrosion protection of sewer
lines, transfer of antibiotic resistance from nonpatho-
genic bacteria to pathogens, survival of enteric viruses
and coliforms in sediments around ocean outfalls, and
the Importance of the wastewater reuse concept. A
total of 72 papers are covered.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Sewers, Reclamation, Ion
exchanging, Organic compounds, Lakes, Reservoirs,
Surface waters, Ground water, Chlorlnation, Sewage
treatment, Bacteria, Earth fills, Americium, Contactors,
Aerobic processes, Flocculation, Adsorption, Sludge
disposal, Solid waste disposal, Dewatenng, PyrolysTs,
Microorganisms, Bioassays, Toxicity, Management
planning, Aeration, Lagoons(Ponds), Waste waters,
Sulffdes, Industrial wastes, Monitoring, Marine environ-
ments, Spray irrigation systems, Water quality,
Sewage sludge, Aeration ponds, Aerobii digestion,
Anaerobic digestion, Land disposal, Pathogens.
166 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-268 375/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Oologah Reservoir, Nowata and Rogers Counties,
Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,65p Working Paper-592
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma National Guard,
Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oologah Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Nowata
County(Oklahoma), Rogers County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 376/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Trinidad Lake, Henderson County, Texas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,32p Working Paper-665
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Control Board, Austin, and Texas National
Guard, Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Trinidad Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Henderson County(Texas).
PB-268 378/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Fort Supply Reservoir, Woodward County, Okla-
homa. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77, 48p Working Paper-586
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fort Supply Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Woodward
County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 378/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study, Non-Criteria Pollut-
ant Inventory. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Fred E. Littman, Harry Wang, and John Piere. Apr 77,
47p EPA/600/4-77/018
Contract EPA-68-02-1081
In conjunction with the Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS) being conducted In the St. Louis Air Quality
Control Region (AQCR), an inventory of non-criteria
pollutants was assembled for point souses. The in-
ventory was based on the following data: (1) The Na-
tional Emissions Data System (NEDS) inventory for the
AQCR; this inventory is based largely on 1971 and
1972 data, and (2) Emission factors listed in the sever-
al reports in the series entitled 'National Inventory of
Sources and Emissions,' which list estimated emission
factors for the following 21 compounds: Arsenic, As-
bestos, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromi-
um, Copper, Lead, Magnesium, Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel, Phosphorus, Selenium, Silver, Ti-
tanium, Vanadium, Zinc, and BaP. The non-criteria
emission factors are being incorporated into the RAPS
Data Handling System, and yearly point source inven-
tories for non-criteria pollutants are available.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution, 'In-
ventories, Information retrieval, Data processing, Point
sources, Saint Louis(Missouri), National Emissions
Data System.
PB-268 380/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Tenklller Ferry Reservoir, Cherokee and Se-
quoyah Counties, Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,50p Working Paper-593
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tenkiller Ferry Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Cherokee
County(Oklahoma), Sequoyah County(Oklahoma).
PB-268 381/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Elsworth Lake, Caddo and Comanche Counties,
Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,51 p Working Paper-583
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma National Guard,
Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Elsworth Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Caddo County(Oklahoma),
Comanche CountyfOklahoma).
PB-268 382/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Canyon Reservoir, Comal County, Texas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77, SOp Working Paper-639
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, *Canyon Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Comal County(Texas).
PB-268 383/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Chlcot Lake, Chlcot County, Arkansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,43p Working Paper-484
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, Arkansas National
Guard, Little Rock.
Annual tola! phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chicot Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arkansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Chicot County(Arkansas).
PB-268 364/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Pomme da Terra Reservoir, Polk and Hickory
Counties, Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Feb 77,56p Working Paper-548
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Missouri Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Jefferson City, and Missouri National Guard,
Jefferson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pomme de Terre Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Missouri, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Polk County(Missourl),
Hickory County(Missouri).
PB-268 393/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Livingston Reservoir, Polk, San Jaclnto, Trinity,
and Walker Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Feb 77,69p Working Paper-651
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Livingston Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Polk County(Texas), San
Jaclnto County(texas), Trinity CountyfTexas), Walker
County(Texas).
PB-268 394/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Degray Reservoir, Clark and Hot Spring Counties,
Arkansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,56p Working Paper-485
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, little Rock and Arkansas Nation-
al Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, * Degray Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arkansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Clark County(Arkansas), Hot
Spring CountyjArkansas).
PB-268 395/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Erllng, Lafayette County, Arkansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,44p Working Paper-486
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and! limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erllng, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arkansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Lafayette County(Arkansas).
PB-268 397/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Norfork Lake, Baxter and Fulton Counties, Arkan-
sas. Ozark County, Missouri. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jan 77,72p Working Paper-491
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arkansas Dept. of Pollution
Control and Ecology, Little Rock, and Arkansas Na-
tional Guard, Little Rock.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Norfolk Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arkansas, Missouri, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Baxter
County(Arkansas), Fulton County(Arkansas), Ozark
County(Missouri).
PB-266 418/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
White River Reservoir, Crosby County, Texas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,42p Working Paper-667
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental and Sup-
port Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water Quality
Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard, Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'White River Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Crosby County(Texas).
PB-268 456/1 PC A05/MF A01
Technical Assistance Document for the Chemllu-
mlnescenca Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide.
Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Elizabeth Carol Ellis. Oct 76,83p EPA/600/4-75/003
Gas phase chemiluminescence has been designated
as the reference measurement principle for the meas-
urement of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the ambient at-
mosphere. Continuous analyzers based on this meas-
urement principle may be calibrated with NO2 either
from the gas phase titratlon of nitric oxide (NO) with
ozone (O3) or from an NO2 permeation device. This
document presents pertinent technical information to
aid in the understanding of the measurement principle
and the prescribed calibration procedures and also in-
cludes illustrative examples on how to implement the
calibration procedures. The discussion includes rec-
ommendations on how to recognize and eliminate po-
tential errors in the individual calibration procedures as
well as with the use of N02 chemiluminescence ana-
lyzers. Suggestions on the design and construction of
calibration apparatus and procedures for handling and
certifying both NO and NO2 calibration standards are
includedalso.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Chemiluminescence.
'Gas detectors, Air pollution, Calibrating, Design crite-
ria, Measuring instruments, Performance evaluation,
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Numerical analysis,
Volumetric analysis, Experimental design, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, Procedures.
PB-268 484/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1. Environ-
mental Assessment Biological Tests for Pilot
Studies. Final rept. Jun 76-Mar 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
K. M. Duke, M. E. Davis, and A. J. Dennis. Apr 77,119p
EPA/600/7-77/043
Contract EPA-68-02-2138
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-257 850.
The manual gives Level 1 biological testing proce-
dures (recommended by Industrial Environmental Re-
search Laboratory-Research Triangle Park) for per-
sonnel experienced in conducting bioassays on sam-
ples from Industrial and energy producing processes.
The phased environmental assessment strategy pro-
vides a framework for industry, process, and stream
priorities on the basis of a staged sampling and analy-
sis technique. Level 1 is a screening phase that char-
acterizes the pollutant potential of process influent and
effluent streams. The manual presents the strategy of
the phased approach. It also presents the basic sam-
pling procedures and the Level 1 protocol for the bio-
logical tests used to analyze the samples. It briefly dis-
cusses possible bioassay procedures for Levels 2 and
3. The manual is a companion to 'IERL-RTP Proce-
dures Manual: Level 1 Environmental Assessment,'
EPA-600/2-76-160a, June 1976.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Bioassays, 'Sampling, Chemi-
cal industry, Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Water pol-
lution, Particles, Toxlcity, In vivo analysis, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Concentration(Composltlon), Ecology, Solid waste dis-
posal, Combustion products, Assessments, Algae,
Aquatic animals, Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
Gas analysis, Soil analysis, Ethylene, Sites, Bacteria,
Microorganisms, Procedures, 'Air pollution sampling,
•Water pollution sampling, 'Solid wastes, Fugitive
emissions, Point sources, Air pollution detection,
Water pollution detection.
PB-268 492/6 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 167
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemically Active Fluid-Bed Process for Sulphur
Removal During Gasification of Heavy Fuel Oil -
Third Phase. Rept. on Phase 3, Jul 73-Sep 75,
Esso Research Centre, Abingdon (England).
J. W. T. Craig, G. L. Johnes, 2. Kowszun, D. Lyon, and
L. S. Malkin. Sep 76, 607p EPA/600/2-76/248
Contract EPA-68-02-1359
See also report on Phase 2, PB-240 632.
The report describes the third phase of studies on the
CAFB process for desulfurizatiqn/gasification of heavy
fuel oil in a bed of hot lime. Major conclusions relating
to process performance and operability are: (1) water,
either in the fuel or in the fluidizing air, has a strongly
adverse effect on desulfurizing efficiency; (2) good de-
sulfurizing efficiencies are obtainable at very low stone
replacement rates; (3) process performance can be
expressed as a statistically derived equation; (4) a
burnback burner is feasible for coke removal; (5) S02/
stone disposal by sulfation is not feasible, but dead-
burning looks promising; and (6) most trace elements
are retained in the bed Among tasks included in this
phase were: (1) batch reactor evaluation of three li-
mestones and gasification/desulfurization of a
vacuum bottoms fuel; (2) two pilot plant runs using
deep beds and demonstrating improved operational
techniques; (3) development of a statistical method for
analyzing results of the two pilot plant test runs and
reconciling them with earlier results; (4) sulfation of
bed material as a means of disposing of SO2 and
spent lime; (5) dead-burning as a means of treating
spent bed material prior to disposal; (6) retention of the
bed material of a wide range of trace elements con-
tained in the fuel; and (7) demonstration of a burn-back
burner to overcome coke lay-down in cyclone inlets.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Desulfuriza-
tion, "Fuel oil, 'Air pollution control, 'Gasification,
'Electric power plants, Limestone, Calcium oxides,
Performance evaluation, Manufactured gas, Pilot
plants, Sulfur oxides, Process charting, Tables(Data),
Sampling, 'Chemically active fluid bed process.
PB-268 525/3 PC A05/MF A01
Sludge Oxidation In Limestone FGD Scrubbers.
Final rept. Mar 76-Jan 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert H. Borgwardt. Jun 77, 76p EPA/600/7-77/061
The report gives results of an experimental study of
techniques suitable for forcing the oxidation of calcium
sulfite (a throwaway product of flue gas desulfurization
scrubbers now operating in the U.S.) to gypsum, over a
range of scrubber operating conditions applicable to
the use of high-sulfur coals. Potential advantages of
converting this product to gypsum include: (a) reduc-
tion of the total waste production, (b) improved settling
and dewatering properties of the sludge, and (c) avoid-
ance of chemical fixation of the sludge. It is shown that
appropriate oxidizer designs can achieve complete
conversion with reasonable air stoichiometries at at-
mospheric pressure without catalysts. Gypsum filter-
able to 80% solids can be obtained in either two- or
single-stage scrubbers. In either case, efficiency is de-
termined primarily by the physical absorption of
oxygen from the air Injected into the oxidizer, when the
oxidation step is conducted within the scrubbing loop.
The study shows that the required oxygen transfer effi-
ciencies can be obtained either with an air-sparged
tower or an air ejector, when used to aerate the slurry
in the scrubber effluent hold tank. Merits of the various
approaches are compared and discussed in terms of
the quality of gypsum produced, operability of the
system, air-feed pressure requirements, and predict-
ability of performance when scaled-up to larger sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Scrubbers, Performance evaluation,
Dewatering, Calcium oxides. Oxidation, Absorption,
Oxygen, Flue gases, Process charting, Design criteria,
Gypsum, Coal, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, 'Sludge treatment, 'Limestone injection, High
sulfur coal.
PB-268 526/1 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Development of Microwave Plasma Detoxification
Process for Hazardous Wastes. Phase I. Final
rept.,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Palo Alto,
Calif. Palo Alto Research Lab.
Lionel J. Bailin, and Barry L. Hertzler. Apr 77, 82p
EPA/600/2-77/030
Contract EPA-68-03-2190
The microwave process described in this report is a
relatively new application of what has been termed the
'fourth state of matter', or the 'plasma state'. It is the
first practical application of a microwave discharge to
the decomposition of chemical compounds in signifi-
cant quantities. This report describes a recent, suc-
cessful, R&D effort in which a former 'grams-per-hour'
system was scaled up to a 5 to 7 pounds-per-hour
system, and then its performance was verified with
several typical hazardous materials. The materials
tested and detoxified were Malathion, methyl-bromide,
polychlorinated biphenyls, phenylmercuric acetate,
and Kepone. Complete detoxification resulted. Further
benefits of the process are the competitive, reason-
able costs of about $0.20 per pound of material proc-
essed, including all costs. The process warrants fur-
ther development, namely additional scale-up to pilot
and field units. Presently, units up to 100 pounds per
hour or so appear feasible to construct and be oper-
able within two or three years.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Microwave equip-
ment, 'Detoxification, 'Plasmas(Physics), 'Chemical
industry, Performance evaluation, Decomposition,
Malathion, Bromine organic compounds, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Industrial waste treatment, Chemi-
cal analysis, Cost analysis, Combustion products, Mer-
cury organic compounds, Pesticides, Design criteria,
Laboratory equipment, Air pollution control,, Water pol-
lution control, Solid waste disposal, 'Chemicals, Meth-
ane/bromo, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Kepone, Toxic
substances, Mercury/acetato-phenyl, Microwave
plasma detoxification process.
PB-268 538/6 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Extension of Multi-Residue Methodology. I. Deter-
mining Multlclass Pesticide Residues In Soil by
Gas Chromatography. II. Dynamic Fluorogenlc La-
belling Detector for Carbamates.
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
H. Anson Moye, Sujit Witkonton, and Gordon Cash.
May 77,187p* EPA/600/1-77-029
Contract EPA-68-02-1706
A multi-residue procedure was devised for the extrac-
tion, cleanup and determination of forty seven pesti-
cides in fortified soil samples. Most of the compounds
were determined by gas Chromatography interfaced
with either the electron capture or the flame photomet-
ric detector. Several nitrogen containing pesticides
were quantitated using a fluorescence detector in con-
junction with a high performance liquid chromatogra-
phic system. Various methods of extraction were com-
pared for several pesticides. A silica gel column, eluted
sequentially with various solvents, was used for
cleanup and separation of compounds into groups.
Several different derivatization procedures were used
to render some pesticides more amenable to gas chro-
matographic detection. A dynamic fluorogenic label-
ling detector was designed and characterized for the
high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of six N-
methylcarbamate and two carbamoyl oxime pesti-
cides. Lannate, Matacil, Temik, Baygon, carbofuran,
Sevin and Mesurol could be extracted from sandy soil
at the 0.01 ppm level with recoveries ranging from 83
to 115%. Somewhat lower recoveries were experi-
enced from sandy loam and siltry loam soils. Zectran
could not be reproducibly chromatographed under the
liquid chromatographic conditions chosen for the sep-
aration. No cleanup was required prior to the liquid
Chromatography of the soil extracts; no significant in-
terferences were observed for the unclean extracts.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soil analysis, 'Detection,
'Chemical analysis, Gas Chromatography, Electron
capture, Flame photometry, Fluorescence, Extraction,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Sulfur organic
compounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Separa-
tion, Carbamates, Nitrogen organic compounds, Ex-
periments, Samples, Residues, Procedures, 'Fluoro-
genic labelling detectors.
PB-268 546/9 PC A10/MF A01
Preventive Approaches to Stormwater Manage-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
John Willson. Jan 77, 217p* EPA/440/9-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-1945
This publication is one of several issued to support im-
plementation of section 208 of Public Law 92-500 con-
cerning the control of water pollution from urban runoff
and other associated nonpoint sources of pollution.
This document was prepared for use by local agency
administrators, and others who may be involved in pro-
grams to abate pollution from urban runoff. The con-
cept of source control (BMP) has been discussed in
the past, this report lists many techniques that would
be included in a Best Management Practice. The prob-
lems associated with implementing these practices,
legal, financial, and institutional are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Storms, 'Water pollution control,
'Urban areas, Water quality management, Refuse,
Fluid infiltration, Catch basins, Mulches, Erosion con-
trol, Ordinances, Ditches, Bypasses, Deicers, Soil sta-
bilization, Embankments, Vegetation, Slopes, Financ-
ing, Penalties, 'Storm water runoff, 'Urban hydrology.
PB-268 550/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Real-Time Measuring Device for Dense Partlcu-
late Systems. Final rept. Jun 75-Aug 76,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
P. W. Chan, C. Y. She, C. W. Ho, and A. Tueton. Jan
77, 69p EPA/600/2-77/022
Contract EPA-R-803532
The report describes the design and performance of
an instrument, based on the concept of instantaneous
intensity ratio, for measuring particle size distributions
of dense paniculate matter. The method involves si-
multaneously measuring the intensity of light scattered
by a particle at two small angles, and then taking their
ratio. The ratio depends on particle size, but has mini-
mal dependence on refractive index. By using a pulse
height analyzer as the display device, particle size dis-
tribution changes can be detected rapidly. Thus in situ,
real-time monitoring of size distributions can be
achieved. The instrument allows more than one parti-
cle in the focal volume at any instant and selects the
scattered light pulses randomly for processing, en-
abling dense paniculate matter to be sized accurately.
The concept is discussed. The instrument's detailed
design features are presented. Calibration has been
performed using monodisperse aerosols of accurately
known diameter. The effect of refractive index is inves-
tigated, and the performance and limitations of the in-
strument are discussed. It is shown that, by incorporat-
ing the concept of random selection of input pulses,
the concentration handling capacity is improved by an
order of magnitude.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Gas detectors,
Air pollution, Aerosols, Gas analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Monitor-
ing, Circuits, Mie scattering,
Concentration(Composition), Numerical analysis, Opti-
cal measuring instruments, Light scattering, Calibrat-
ing, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-268 559/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Triangle Park, N.C.
Selection and Evaluation of Sorbent Resins for
the Collection of Organic Compounds. Final rept.
Jun 76-Mar 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
J. Adams, K. Menzies, and P. Levins. Apr 77,67p
EPA/600/7-77/044
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
The report gives results of an experimental program to
characterize the behavior of resins which can be used
in the sorbent trap module of a sampling train used for
environmental assessment studies. Experimental
design considerations were based on the sorbent can-
ister in the new source assessment sampling system
(SASS) train. Both XAD-2 and Tenax-GC resins were
studied. Investigated compounds represented both a
regular homologous series and compounds of direct
interest to shipboard incineration studies. Two experi-
mental approaches were used: a gas Chromatography
method using elution analysis to determine volumetric
capacity (Vg) at low pollutant concentrations; and a
steady state apparatus for frontal analysis to deter-
mine weight capacities of the resins. The studies
showed that XAD-2 has a greater volumetric and
weight capacity than Tenax-GC and is, therefore, pre-
ferred for use in the SASS train sorbent canister. A reg-
168 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ular relationship was observed between the capacity
of the resin and the volatility of the compounds stud-
led. Under normal SASS train sampling conditions, ma-
terials such as POMs, RGBs, and Agent Orange would
be completely retained by either the XAD-2 or Tenax-
QC resin.
Keywords: 'Sorbents, 'Polymers, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Physical
properties, Gas analysis, Performance evaluation,
Chemical analysis, Organic compounds, Assess-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Experimental
design, Sampling, *Air pollution detection, *XAD-2
resins, Air pollution sampling, "Tenax-GC resins.
PB-268 S62/6 PC A07/MF A01
Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Af-
fairs, Boston.
Designing a Control System for Administering
MEPA: The Massachusetts Environmental Policy
Act Final rept. Aug 73-Jul 75,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Inst. for Man and Envi-
ronment.
Craig L. Moore, and Richard C. Smardon. Aug 75,
134plME-R-75-4
Sponsored in part by Massachusetts Executive Office
of Environmental Affairs, Boston.
This report is a description of a design (or a computer-
ized control system to aid in the administration of the
Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (M.G.L. Ch.
30,88. 61 and 62 as amended). It includes all flow dia-
grams and needed forms including a model environ-
mental assessment form and manual. The last section
of the report contains an analysis of one year's activity
under MEPA broken down by actions taken, agency
activities, activity financing, physical activity and
project types, and geographic distribution. The sum-
mary contains recommendations for long range sys-
tems development both in terms of better implementa-
tion of MEPA and in terms of coordinated and compre-
hensive environmental planning and management.
Keywords: * Environmental surveys, "Massachusetts,
State government, 'Management methods, Control,
Computer programming, Information systems, State
government, Law enforcement, Legislation, Planning,
environmental impacts, Manuals, Financial manage-
ment, Recommendations, Forms(Paper), Cost engi-
neering, Evaluation, Public administration, Massachu-
setts Environmental Policy Act.
PB-268 663/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Assessment Sampling snd Analy-
•te Phased Approach and Techniques for Level 1.
Phase rept. Apr 76-Apr 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
James A. Dorsey, Larry D. Johnson, Robert M.
Statnlck, and Charles H. Lochmuller. Jun 77,40p EPA/
600/2-77/115
The report discusses a three-level approach to sam-
pling and analysis, and gives details of a Level 1 sam-
pling and analysis phased approach for an environ-
[ftBntal source assessment. A research program was
initiated to develop a sampling and analytical approach
[or conducting environmental source assessments of
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cide was translocated from water at concentrations of
0.011 to 0.13 microgram/liter to sand, plant, and
animal components. An alteration of predator-prey in-
teraction due to mirex was manifested by a significant
difference in survival of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes
vulgaris, in control and treated tanks after one, two, or
three days of predation by pinfish, Lagodon rhom-
boides.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, 'Fishes, 'Water
pollution, Shrimps, Exposure, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Interactions,
Survival, Concentration(Composition), Estuaries, Mor-
tality, Animal behavior, Bioassay, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Reprints, 'Mirex, Predation, Palaemonetes vul-
garis, Lagodon rhomboides, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-268 674/1 Not available NTIS
Determination of Malathlon, Malaoxon, and Mono-
and Dlcarboxyllc Acids of Malathlon In Fl«h,
Oyster, and Shrimp Tissue. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gary H. Cook, and James C. Moore. 17 Fob 76,5p
EPA/600/J-76/072, Contrib-273
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v24 n3 p631-
6341976.
A method is described for monitoring the presence of
malathion and its metabolites in the aquatic environ-
ment. Malathion, malaoxon, malathion monoacid, and
malathion diacid were determined in fish, oyster, and
shrimp tissues by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)
using phenthoate and phenthoate acid as internal
standards. GLC analyses were performed without
cleanup, using a flame photometric detector operating
in the phosphorus mode. Acid compounds were meth-
ylated with diazomethane. Pinfish exposed to 75 mi-
crograms/l of malathion in flowing seawater for 24 h
contained no residues of malathion or malaoxon, al-
though the concentration of the malathion monoacid in
the gut was 31.4 micrograms/g. The data illustrate that
pinfish rapidly convert malathion to the mono- and di-
carboxylic acids of malathion.
Keywords: 'Malathion, 'Insecticides, 'Gas chroma-
tography, Fishes, Shellfish, Sea water, Tissue extracts,
Concentration(Composition), Water analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Experiments, Residues, Carboxylic acids,
Monitoring, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection.
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-268 S7S/B Not available NTIS
The Effect of Mirex on the Burrowing Activity of
the Lugworm f/Arenlcola crlstata'). Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
W. P. Schoor, and S. M. Newman. 1976,8p EPA/600/
J-76/073, Contrib-268
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v105 n6 p700-703 Nov 76.
An inexpensive bioassay system was developed to es-
timate pollutant effects on a benthic animal. Mirex, a
fire ant toxicant, was taken into the substrate by the
burrowing and feeding activity of the lugworm, Areni-
cola cristata, and significantly affected this activity.
Mirex was present in the adult worm as well as in its ju-
venile stage.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, Exposure, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Substrates, Bio-
assay, Concentration(Composition), Animal behavior,
Interactions, Reprints, Arenicola cristata, 'Mirex,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Predation.
PB-268 576/6 PC A09/MF AOt
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
In-sltu Coal Gasification: Status of Technology
and Environmental Impact. Exhibit A rept. Oct 76-
Feb 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Nancy P. Phillips, and Charles A. Muela. May 77,
184p* EPA/600/7-77/045
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report gives results of a literature review and per-
sonal contacts to ascertain what is being done in in-
sttu coal gasification and to collect existing environ-
mental data. It presents a general description of the
chemistry, technology, and technological problems,
along with detailed descriptions of the technical objec-
tives, approaches, and results of ongoing projects.
This presentation is used as a basis for summarizing
the current state of knowledge regarding environmen-
tal issues.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, *ln-situ gasification,
'Environmental impacts, Technology, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Subsidence, Synthetic fuels, Manufac-
tured gas, Research projects, Reviews, Reviewing.
PB-268 636/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Health Costs of Air Pollution Damages: A Study of
Hospltallzatlon Costs,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C,
Ben H. Carpenter, D. A. LeSourd, James R. Chromy,
and Walter D. Bach. Feb 77,79p RTI-41U-768, EPA/
600/5-77/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -0427
An investigation of the hospitalization costs of expo-
sure to air pollution In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
was conducted to determine whether persons ex-
posed to air pollution incurred higher incidences of
hospitalization or additional costs for treatment. A hos-
pitalization data-base comprising 37,818 total admis-
sions for respiratory, suspect circulatory diseases, and
control diseases was tested in a cross-section type
analysis for relationships between rates of hospitaliza-
tion, length of stay, and levels of air quality In the
neighborhoods of patients' residence. Air quality was
identified using data from 49 monitoring stations. Cor-
rections were made In the analysis for race, age, sex.
Respiratory and suspect circulatory system disease
showed statistically significant increased hospitaliza-
tion rates and lengths of stay for those exposed to
higher levels of S02 and particulates compared to
those from neighborhoods meeting air quality stand-
ards.
Keywords: 'Health care costs, Air pollution, Public
health, Hospitalizing, Benefit cost analysis, Pennsylva-
nia, Economic analysis, Respiratory diseases, Cardio-
vascular diseases, Tables(Data), Hospitals, Age, Sex,
Census, Rates(Per time), Statistical data, Air pollution
economics, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Allegheny
County(Pennsylvania), Air qualify, Race, Data bases,
Environmental health, Length of stay(Health care facil-
ities).
PB-268 642/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Development of a Methodology for Designing
Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Networks. Interim
rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, Calif.
Mei-Kao Liu, James Meyer, Richard Pollack, Joseph V.
Behar, and Leslie M. Dunn. Mar 77,63p EPA/600/4-
77/019
Contract EPA-68-03-2399
A methodology is presented for designing a carbon
monoxide monitoring network based on the objective
of identifying concentrations that exceed the national
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). The basis for
identifying concentrations in excess of the NAAQS is
the Concentration Area Time-Product, where the con-
centrations are integrated over an area (i.e., a grid
square in a gridded system) and integrated over a time
interval for averaging the concentrations. These are
computed with a mesoscale air quality simulation
model formulated as a 4-dimensional (x.y.z.t), partial
differential equation of mass balance for the pollutant
species which yields space-time average concentra-
tion distributions. A frequency-weighted average of
concentrations called Figure of Merit is determined
from these projected concentration distributions, pre-
vailing meteorological patterns, and the frequency of
occurrence associated with each of the meteorologi-
cal patterns. A mapping of these Figure of Merit values
provides the basis of selection of the locations and
number of sites in the network. The methodology was
applied in a design of an ambient air monitoring net-
work for carbon monoxide. The establishment of a
field measurement program is described which would
provide air quality and meteorological data for model
validation and simulation as required in development
of the specifications for the number and location of
sites in the network design. Discussions are limited to
the design methodology. Actual field data, simulation
exercises, pollution concentration isopleths, and map-
pings are presented in a separate report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitoring, 'Carbon mon-
oxide, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Numerical
analysis, Design, Standards, Methodology, Quality as-
surance, Sampling, Regulations, Meteorology, Math-
ematical models, Monitors, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air quality, Environment models.
PB»268 643/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Inhalation Toxicology of Airborne Paniculate
Manganese In Rhesus Monkeys. Environmental
health effects research series,
Albany Medical Coll., N.Y. Inst. of Comparative and
Human Toxicology.
Frederick Coulston, and Travis Griffin. May 77,94p
EPA/600/1-77/026
Contract EPA-68-02-0710
Prepared in cooperation with International Center of
Environmental Safety, Holloman AFB, N. Mex.
Four male and four female rhesus monkeys were ex-
posed to manganese oxide (Mn304) aerosol at 100
micrograms/cublc meter in an exposure chamber for
periods up to 66 weeks. Three male and three female
monkeys were maintained as unexposed controls. Ob-
servation and clinical chemistry during the experiment
showed minor changes In excretion, and no evidence
of toxic effects. Manganese tissue levels showed
small increases except in lung (five-fold) and pons
(four-fold). No macro- or microscopic pathology was
observed. Two rhesus monkeys were exposed to 5
mg/cubic meter of the same material for 23 weeks,
and observed for 10 months thereafter. Large in-
creases in excretion of manganese were observed in
both urine and feces, but no evidence of neurologic or
other toxicity was seen. Two groups of 4 and of 14 rats
were exposed in the same manner to 100 micro-
grams/cubic meters of the same compound for 8
weeks. These experiments were done to examine
changes in excretion and tissue levels during and after
exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Manganese oxides, Air pollu-
tion, Toxicity, Monkeys, Experimental data, Laboratory
animals, Aerosols, Exposure, Rats, Tissues(Biology),
Respiration, Lung, Absorption(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Hematology, Pathology,
Tables(Data), Rhesus monkeys, Pons, Bioaccumula-
tion, Clinical chemistry, Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-268 647/5 PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Selected Pesticides as Chemical
Mutagens 'In vitro' and 'In vivo' Studies,
Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif.
Vincent F. Simmon, Ann D. Mitchell, and Ted A.
Jorgenson. May 77,251p SRI-LSU-3493, EPA/600/1-
77/028
Contract EPA-68-01 -2458
Twenty pesticides were studied for mutagenic activity
by several in vitro and in vivo test procedures. The pes-
ticides reviewed were: monocrotophos, bromacil, ca-
codyllc acid, captan, chlorpyrifos, dinoseb, DSMA,
fenthion, folpet, azinphos-methyl, malathion, metho-
myl, monuron, MSMA, parathion, parathion-methyl,
quintozene (PCNB), phorate, slmazine, and trifluralm.
Ten of the twenty compounds were evaluated in vivo
by the mouse dominant lethal test. All twenty com-
pounds were tested in vitro. None of the ten com-
pounds tested in the mouse produced a dominant
lethal response. Ten of the twenty compounds were
mutagenic in one or more in vitro assays. Two were
mutagenic in all of the in vitro assays: captan and
folpet.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mutagens, 'Toxicology, In
vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Toxicity, Genetics, Mu-
tations, peoxyribonuclelc acids, Biosynthesis, Bio-
assay, Mice, Laboratory animals, Tissue culture, Mi-
croorganisms, Dosage, Mutagenesis.
PB-268 650/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Control Characteristics of Carbon Beds for Gaso-
line Vapor Emissions. Final rept. Jan 76-Jan 77,
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., San Bernar-
dino, Calif.
170 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Michael J. Manos, and Warren C. Kelly. Feb 77,114p
EPA/600/2-77/057
Contract EPA-68-02-2140
The report gives results of a study of the practical
working capacity of activated carbon to cyclically
adsorb gasoline vapor which would otherwise be lost
to the atmosphere; e.g., during gasoline transfer oper-
ations at a service station. Quantitative meas-
urements, made in the laboratory, were extrapolated to
represent typical operation of a carbon control system
at a service station pumping 50,000 gallons of gasoline
per month. Eight types of activated carbon from four
manufacturers were evaluated to determine working
capacity, basically defined as the amount of gasoline
vapor which could be cyclically adsorbed per 100
grams of virgin activated carbon. Tests were conduct-
ed at various levels of fuel volatility, lead content,
carbon bed shape, ambient temperature and humidity,
purge air flow rate and temperature, and vacuum-strip-
ping pressure and temperature.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon, 'Air pollution control,
'Gasoline, 'Control equipment, Adsorption, Fuels,
Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Hydrocarbons, Strlpplng(Dlstlllatlon), Flow
rate, Humidity, Gas chromatograpny, Manufacturing,
Test chambers, Experiments, Surfaces, Refueling,
Fuel tanks, Tanks(Contalners), Volatility, Temperature,
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Fugitive emissions,
Service stations, Baseline measurements, Unleaded
gasoline.
PB-268 652/5 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Toxicology of Antlcholesterate Pesticide*.
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst.
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Jun 77,178p EPA/600/1-77/031
The effect of pesticides was studied in humans and
animal models, and on enzymes in order to develop a
better understanding of their mechanism of action, and
thus provide guidance for their safe use. It was shown
that reduction of human blood cholinesterase activity
is a good indicator of exposure to anticholinesterase
pesticides. Regular measurements of blood cholines-
terase activity and removal of individuals from suspect-
ed occupational environments prevented hazardous
absorption of pesticides in occupationally exposed
people. Ophthalmological studies indicated some
functional eye impairment in people exposed to pesti-
cides for many years.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Cholinesterase inhibitors,
•Toxicology, 'Phosphorus organic compounds, Phos-
phonates, Enzyme inhibitors, EyefAnatomy), Vision,
Rats, Humans, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Toxicity,
Blood, Urine, Populations, Yugoslavia, Industrial medi-
cine, Animal models, Pesticide residues, Trichlorfon,
Environmental health.
PB-268 653/3 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Effect* of Food Procettlng on Residue* of Ethy-
l*nebl»dlthlocarbamate Fungicide* and Ethylen-
•thlourea. Environmental health effects research
series,
Technological Resources, Inc., Camden, N.J.
W. F. Philfips, M. D. Grady, and Ralph Freudenthal. Apr
77,199p EPA/600/1-77/021
Contract EPA-68-02-1715
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Memorial Inst.,
Columbus, Ohio.
Tomatoes, carrots, and spinach were treated at appli-
cation rates recommended for good agricultural prac-
tice and at 4 times these rates with two ethylenebls-
dlthiocarbamate (EBCD) fungicides (Dlthane M-45(R)
and Dithane M-22(R). These crops were grown In
keeping with good agricultural practice at two loca-
tions; East and West. The pesticide residues, the pres-
ence of a metabolite, ehtylenethlourea (ETU) and the
effects of standard food processing techniques on res-
idues of both EBCD fungicides and ETU were deter-
mined.
Keywords: 'Food processing, 'Fungicides, Residues,
Vegetables, Thiocarbamates, Sulfur organic com-
pounds. Ureas, Chemical analysis, Farm processing,
Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Mass spectra-
graphy, Experiments, Concentration(Compositlon),
'Imidazolidine-thiones, Carbamic acid/bis(thio)-ethyl-
ene, 'Dithanes, Procedures.'
PB-268 681/4 Not available NTIS
Metals, Pesticides, and PCBs: Toxlcltles to Shrimp
Singly and In Combination. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
DelWayne R. Nimmo, and Lowell H. Bahner. 1976,12p
EPA/600/J-76-070, Contrib-271
Pub. in Estuarine Processes; Uses, Stresses and Ad-
aptation to the Estuary, v1, p523-531 1976.
The objective of the study was to assess potential del-
eterious effects of certain toxicants, singly and in com-
bination, to penaeid shrimp. In nature, these shrimp
are exposed to combinations of toxicants from indus-
trial and municipal out-falls, from agricultural runoff or
from dredge-and-fill operations. The combined toxicl-
ties of methoxychlor and cadmium to penaeid shrimp,
Penaeus duorarum, were either Independent or addi-
tive, and varied with the method(s) of bloassay. Con-
clusions were based on the results of 10-, 25- and 30-
day bloassays conducted with the toxicants added
singly or In combination to flowing water of constant
salinity and temperature. Cadmium, but not methoxy-
Clor, was accumulated by shrimp and methoxychlor
appears to Influence the processes of accumulation or
loss of cadmium from tissues of shrimp.
Keywords: 'Toxiclty, 'Shrimps, 'Cadmium, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Metals, Chlorine alapnatic compounds, Toxi-
cology, Bloassay, Lethal dosage, Tissues(Blology), Pa-
thology, 'Methoxychlor, Reprints, 'Bioaccumulation,
Penaeus duorarum, Pink shrimp, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Synergiam.
PB-268 708/5 PC A07/MF A01
Sanitary Landfill Operator's Manual.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
Land Quality Management Div. .
May 77,146p*
This manual gives specific requirements and suggest-
ed procedures for operating a sanitary landfill. Some of
the problems which could develop at a sanitary landfill,
and how to avoid them, are discussed. Solid waste
rules from the Code of Iowa and from the Iowa Depart-
ment of Environmental Quality are included, as well as
surveying techniques. The following topics are pre-
sented: Sanitary landfill operation; Cell construction;
Roads and traffic control; Inclement weather oper-
ations; Vector and litter control; Monitoring for leach-
ate; Hazardous waste disposal procedure; Sewage
sludge disposal in a sanitary landfill; Sanitary landfill
equipment; Map reading; OSHA and safety; Records;
Inspections; Sources of assistance. (Color illustrations
reproduced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Sanitary landfills, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Manuals, Regulations, Legislation, Site surveys,
Drainage, Earthwork, Earth handling equipment, Soil
properties, Monitors, Sampling, Water pollution,
Pumps, Measuring instruments, Laboratory tests,
Ground water, Safety, Hazardous materials, Sludge
disposal, Topographic maps, Local government, Iowa,
Sewage disposal, Refuse disposal.
PB-268 709/3 PC A06/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source Control Guidance, Hydrologlc
Modification*. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Nonpoint Sources Branch.
Norman A. Whalen. Feb 77,108p
Man's land-disturbing hydrologic modifications activi-
ties is one of the main nonpolnt source pollution cate-
gories and, management practices presented in this
document apply in general to all types of hydrologic
modifications. Control of nonpoint source pollution
should be considered during the planning stages of a
project in order to ensure that the most effective appli-
cation of measures is achieved during the project Im-
plementation period. An adequately developed plan
should involve preventing sediment losses; reducing
peak surface runoff; and preventing the generation,
accumulation, and runoff of oils, wastewaters, mineral
salts, pesticides, fertilizers, solids, and organic materi-
als from the site area.
Keywords: 'Soil eroston, 'Channel Improvements,
•Water pollution control, Runoff, Management, Pesti-
cides, Sediments, Fertilizers, Oils, Water storage,
Dredging, Construction, Drainage, Land use zoning,
Flooding, Hydraulic structures, Floodways, Nonpoint
sources.
PB-268 722/6 MF A01
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C.
Proceedings of U.S.-U.S.S.R. Symposium: The In-
tegrated Control of the Arthropod, Disease and
Weed Pests of Cotton, Grain Sorghum and De-
ciduous Fruit Held at Lubbock, Texas on Septem-
ber 28-October 1,1975. Miscellaneous pub.
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station College Station.
1975,227pMP-1276
Sponsored in part by Agricultural Research Service,
Washington, D.C., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Microfiche copies only.
Contents:
Sorghum pest management;
Fruit crops pest management;
Cotton pest management;
Microblal Insecticides.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Weed control, 'Meetings,
Plant diseases, Arthropoda, Cotton plants, Grain sor-
ghum plants, Fruit crops, Plant genetics, Insecticides,
Sterilization, Pesticides, Fungicides, U.S.S.R., United
States.
PB-268 734/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Report on Lake Vandalla, Fayette County, Illinois.
Region V. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 75,44p Working Paper-319
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Illinois National
Guard, Springfield, and Illinois State Environmental
Protection Agency, Springfield.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Vandalia, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Illinois, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Fayette County(lllinois).
PB-268 741/6 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
An Evaluation of the National Eutrophication
Survey Data. Final rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
M. 0. Allum, R. E. Glessner, and J. H. Gakstatter. Jun
77,84p Working Paper-900
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev.
Because of the nation-wide scope of the National Eu-
trophication Survey and the time frame of less than
four years for the completion of the sampling of 812
lakes and reservoirs, 4,000 i tributary sites, and over
800 municipal wastewater treatment plants, the
Survey sampling program necessarily deviated from
what ordinarily would be considered an ideal experi-
mental design. As the Survey progressed, and to the
degree permitted by the day-to-day work load, limited
comparisons of Survey results with results published
by others on the same water bodies were made. More
recently, a concerted effort has been made to test the
validity of the data. As a result of this effort, it is con-
cluded that the reliability of the Survey data is better
than would have been expected and that data sound
enough to fulfill certain of the legislative mandates of
Public Law 92-500 can be obtained with much less in-
tensive and costly studies than previously thought nec-
essary.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water quality manage-
ment, Evaluation, Surveys, Lakes, Reservoirs, Water-
sheds, Bloassay, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Water quality, Pollution abatement,
Reliability, Validity, Eutrophication, 'Water quality
data.
December 1983 171
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-268 742/4 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Economic Impact* of Pulp and Paper Industry
Compliance with Environmental Regulations.
Volume I. Summary and Aggregate Industry
Impact Analyses. Final rapt.,
Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Peter L. Oliver, Claire R. Canty, Louise M. Firth, Fred D.
lannazzi, and Nelson R. Lipshutz. May 77,225p EPA-
230/3-76/014-1
Contract EPA-68-01-2841
See also Volume 2, PB-268 743.
This two volume report estimates the economic im-
pacts of all major environmental regulations on the
pulp and paper industry. Regulations covered include:
(1) air-state implementation plans and new source per-
formance standards, (2) water-effluent limitations, and
(3) npise-OSHA regulations. In volume 1 the main eco-
nomic impacts estimated are: (1) prices, (2) closure,
(3) external financing. Econometric analysis was used
to estimate demand and supply curves for the major
product sectors. The economics of model plants was
used to assess closures and long run prices. A finan-
cial funds flow model was developed to estimate cash
flow requirements for growth and environmental costs.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Paper industry, 'Regu-
lations, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Economic analysis, Economic
models, Air pollution abatement, Capital, Employment,
Cash flow, Water pollution abatement, Noise reduc-
tion, Financing, Demand(Economics),
Supply(Economics), Curve fitting, 'Pollution regula-
tions, 'Environmental protection.
PB-268 743/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Economic Impacts of Pulp and Paper Industry
Compliance with Environmental Regulations.
Volume II. Price and Demand Effect* on the In-
dustry's Major Product Sectors. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Peter L. Oliver, Claire R. Canty, Louise M. Firth, Fred D.
lannazzi, and Nelson R. Lipshutz. May 77,122p EPA-
230/3-76/014-2
Contract EPA-68-01-2841
See also Volume 1, PB-268 742.
This volume addresses the supply/demand/price im-
pacts for each of the pulp and paper industry's major
product sectors. It brings together all the descriptive
information, data, and econometric analyses which
were applied to estimate the price/demand effects of
the studied environmental regulations and the poten-
tial for short-run shortages. It describes the economic
characteristics of each product sector in sufficient
detail to allow readers unfamiliar with the industry to
understand its key economic characteristics and how
price increases caused by regulations and accompa-
nying restrictions in potential demand compare with
historical price, demand and supply trends.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Regulations, 'Paper
industry, Economic analysis, Economic surveys. Eco-
nomic models, Prices, Demand(Economics), Data ac-
quisition, Data processing, Water pollution abatement,
Air pollution abatement, Noise reduction, Environmen-
tal surveys, Policies, 'Pollution regulations, 'Environ-
mental protection, Standards compliance.
PB-268 782/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Automobile Exhaust Emission Surveillance Analy-
sis of the FY 1974 Program,
Dayton Univ., Ohio. Research Inst.
Alan P. Berens, and Michael Hill. Sep 76,133p EPA/
460/3-76/019
Contract EPA-68-03-2384
See also Report dated Jul 75, PB-248 600.
The Emission Factor Program provides a realistic as-
sessment of the effectiveness of Federal regulations
by testing production vehicles in the hands of the mo-
toring public. This report summarizes the results of the
FY 74 Emission Factor Program and compares these
results with those obtained in the FY 71, FY 72 and FY
73 Emissions Factor Programs. The FY 74 Program
tested a sample of 1965-1975 model year vehicles in
seven cities. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Regulations, Projects, Data acquisition,
Municipalities, Effectiveness, Monitoring, Standards,
Tests, Evaluation, Government policies, Statistical
analysis, Economic impact, Fuel consumption, 'Emis-
sion factors, Air quality maintenance, Air pollution
standards, Fuel conservation.
PB-268 791/1 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Fiscal Year 1976/Control Technology Research
Program Abstracts,
Vitro Labs., Silver Spring, Md.
A. Gerard, P. Mavraganis, K. Dixon, and H. Holte. Jan
77,311pEPA/600/7-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -2934
Report on Federal Interagency Energy/Environment
Research and Development Program.
This report includes SSIE(Smithsonian Science Infor-
mation) Abstracts pertaining to the FY 1976 Inter-
agency Energy/Environment Research, Development
and Demonstration Program being coordinated and
managed by EPA's Office of Energy, Minerals, and In-
dustry. The Abstracts are organized by major energy
sources control technology. This volume includes re-
search being accomplished by EPA and its laborato-
ries as well as a number of the participating agencies
of the Federal Government.
Keywords: 'Bibliography, 'Fuels, 'Scientific research,
Coal, Coal preparation, Flue gases, Combustion prod-
ucts, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Nuclear
fuels, Thermal pollution, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Water pollution control equipment, Radioactive
contaminants, 'Pollution control, Synthetic fuels, Pol-
lution control equipment, Physical chemical treatment.
PB-268 861/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emmissions Measurement and Char-
acterization Div.
Evaluation of Continuous Monitors for Carbon
Monoxide In Stationary Sources. Final rept. Jul 75-
Mar 76,
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., Plumsteadville,
Pa.
Mark Repp. Mar 77, 167p EPA/600/2-77/063
Contract EPA-68-02-1400
The performance characteristics of five commercially
available continuous carbon monoxide monitors were
evaluated in a two part program consisting of labora-
tory and field phases. The laboratory phase involved
testing each instrument for response characteristics,
precision, noise, response times, drifts, variations due
to temperature and pressure, and CO2 and H20 inter-
ferences. The field evaluation phase involved the op-
eration of the monitors on the outlet duct of a carbon
monoxide boiler at a petroleum refinery. Data generat-
ed in both phases of the program were used as the
basis lor recommending minimum performance speci-
fications for continuous carbon monoxide monitors at
petroleum refineries.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Refineries, "Carbon mon-
oxide, Petroleum products, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Air pollution, Field tests, Performance
evaluation, Maintenance, Experiments, Calibrating,
Continuous sampling, Monitors, Design criteria,
Chemical analysis, Gas analysis,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution detection,
Stationary sources, Air pollution sampling.
PB-26B 895/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Oh/.
Formation of Photochemical Aerosol*. Final rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Edgar R. Stephens, and Monty A. Price. May 77,78p
EPA/600/3-77/044
Grant EPA-R-80068
The objective was to develop a better understanding
of smog aerosol formation with particular reference to
haze in the Southern California area. This study com-
bined laboratory work with ambient air studies. Count-
ing of particles by light scattering was the principle
physical technique while infrared analyses was the
major source of chemical Information. A new reflec-
tance spectroscopy technique was also developed. In-
frared spectra of ambient aerosols have bands as-
signed to sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and water which
are completely removed by water washing of the
sample but not by benzene. Synthetic aerosols gener-
ated by mixing ammonia with sulfuric and nitric acids
produce similar spectra. Many ambient aerosol parti-
cles are hygroscopic or deliquescent so that they swell
as the relative humidity increases and shrink as it de-
creases. This readily explains the heavy haze seen at
high humidity days. A variety of reaction products
(S04(-2), NO3(-), organlcs) can potentially fulfill the re-
quirement of water solubility and hygroscoplcity to
contribute to haze and loss of visibility.lt is concluded
that direct control of aerosol emissions will not mark-
edly improve visibility in Southern California.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Smog, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, California, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Particles, Infrared spec-
troscopy, Experiments, Concentration(Composition),
Gas generating systems, Design criteria, Laboratory
equipment, Test chambers, Sampling, Environmental
survey, Extraction, Organic compounds, Forecasting,
•Air pollution detection.
PB-268 903/2 PC A06/MF A01
AEROS Manual Series. Volume III. Summary and
Retrieval. Update Number 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Apr 77,106p EPA/450/2-76-009-1, OAOPS-1.2-040-1
Update no. 1 of Volume 3 dated May 76, PB-260 995.
As the usefulness of the AEROS Manuals is highly de-
pendent on their completeness, accuracy and timeli-
ness, provisions have been made to allow for revisions
in the interim between periodic complete review and
reprinting of volumes. Revisions are accomplished
through the issuance of AEROS Manual Updates,
which may contain one or more separate revisions to a
given Volume. This document will allow the user to ex-
amine all previous Updates to determine the currency
of any copy of the Volume, and, through the com-
ments, possible relevance of revisions to specific
areas of interest. This reference is provided especially
for infrequent users and others not receiving Updates
on a regular basis.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Information retrieval, 'Man-
agement Information systems, Revisions, Data acqui-
sition, Hazardous materials, Sources, Computer pro-
gramming, Data processing, Forecasting, Combustion
products, Particles, Fuels, States(United States), "Aer-
ometric and emissions reporting system, National
emissions data system, Storage and retrieval of aero-
metric data, Air quality maintenance, Priorities, Routine
operations, Implementation air pollution planning pro-
gram, Updating.
PB-268 963-SET PC £13
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cosf of Selected Control Alternative* N*c**«ary
to Meat the Proposed Ohio SO2 Regulation* for
Industrial Boilers and Procestet.
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
1976,471p-in9v
Set includes PB-268 954 thru PB-268 962.
No abstract available.
PB-268 954/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of th* Technological Fusibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternative* N«e**aary
to Meet the PropOMd Ohio SO2 Regulation* for
Industrial Boiler* and Proc»**»*. Volume I.
Youngstown Sheet and Tub* Company, Campbell
Work* - Coke Oven Qas D**ulfurtzatk>n. Final
rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Robert R. Hall, Walter T. Stanley, and James
Sahaglan. Jun 76,47p GCA-TR-76-14-G-Voi-1, EPA-
905/2-76/005-8
Contract EPA-68-01 -3155
Also available In set of 9 reports PC El3, PB-268 963-
SET.
172 Vol. 83. No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/TEchnology Division, of the technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at Youngstown Sheet and Tube's Camp-
bell Works. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Strategy
for the State of Ohio Technical Support Documents,
Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained
from NTIS. The Campbell Works was an example of a
by-product coke oven facility. After collecting neces-
sary site and source specific data by means of a plant
visit, the technical feasibility of the vacuum carbonate,
Dravo Firma, Carl Still, Sulfiban and Holmes Stretford
processes were evaluated. Capital and operating
costs are presented for the latter three systems.
Keywords: *Boilors, 'Air pollution control, 'Coking,
"Sulfur dioxide, 'Ohio, Feasibility, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Regulations, Oxidation, Ab-
sorption, Plant location, Sites, Design criteria, Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Vacuum carbonate
process, Sulfiban process, Firma Carl Still process,
Diamox process, Wet methods, Takahax process,
Holmes-Stretford process.
PB-268 955/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio S02 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume II. PPG
Industries, Inc., Barberton Plant. Final rapt.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
James Sahagian, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76, 66p
GCA-TR-76-14-G-VOI-2, EPA/905/2-76/005-b
Contract EPA-68-0 1 -3 1 55
See also Volume 1 , PB-268 954.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at PPG Industries' Barberton plant. The
final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the
State of Ohio Technical Support Documents, Vol. I and
II (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS.
This plant operates eight coal-fired boilers to provide
electric power and process steam for production of
chlorine, caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide and silica
Pigments. After collecting necessary site and process
specific data by means of a plant visit, the technical
feasibility and cost of flue gas desulfurization by lime,
double alkali, and Wellman-lord scrubbing were evalu-
ated for full capacity (excess electricity sold to a utility)
and for roughly 50 percent capacity (enough electricity
'o maintain normal plant operations).
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Electric
Rower plants, 'Steam generators, 'Ohio, 'Sulfur diox-
««, 'Coal, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Flue gases, Calcium oxide, Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Plant location, Sites,
Coat analysis, Air pollution control equipment, Scrub-
ws, Alkalinity Coal preparation, Desulfurization, Reg-
ulations, Feasibility, rCoal fluid powerplants, Air pollu-
«on abatement, Limestone injection, Wellman proc-
ess, Alkaline scrubbing, Low sulfur coal.
£8-268 9S6/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
r
o e ,
?<>« of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
}o Meet the Proposed Ohio 802 Regulations for
In III.
nducted Boilers and Processes. Volume III. Re-
Publlc steel Corporation, Cleveland District Plant.
"»! rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Robert R. Hall, Hans A. Klemm, and Walter". Stanley.
S«P 76, 87p GCA-TR-76-14-G-VOI-3, EPA/905/2-76/
005-c
Contract EPA-68-0 1 -3 1 55
f«« also Volume 2, PB-268 955.
A£o available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
^ET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
[ation, GCA/Technotofly Division, of technological
Ability and cost of complying with the proposed
°™o sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at the Republic Steel Corporation's
Cleveland District Plant. The Final USEPA Sulfur Diox-
ide Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical
Support Documents, Vol. I and II (EPA 905/2-76-002)
may be obtained from NTIS. After collecting necessary
site and process specific data by means of a plant visit,
it was concluded that emissions from Boiler D would
have to be reduced, and coke oven gas desulfurization
would be required. The technical feasibility and cost of
the Sulfiban, Holmes-Stretford, and Dravo-Stills proc-
esses for coke over gas desulfurization were evaluat-
ed. These and other control options such as using low
sulfur coal were evaluated for Boiler D.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Coking, 'Air pollution control,
'Ohio, 'Sulfur dioxide, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Iron and steel industry, Cost
analysis, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ab-
sorption, Oxidation, Flue gases, Scrubbers, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Coal preparation, Sites, Plant
location, Low sulfur coal, Sulfiban process, Vacuum
carbonate process, Firma Carl Still process, Diamox
process, Holmes-Stretford process, Limestone injec-
tion.
PB-268 957/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio S02 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume IV. E. I.
DuPont de Nemours and Company, Cleveland Sul-
furlc Acid Plant. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Walter T. Stanley, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76,34p
GCA-TR-14-G-VoU, EPA/950/2-76/005-d
Contract EPA-68-01-3155
See also Volume 3, PB-268 956.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio Sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at the E. I. Dupont de Nemours and
Company's Cleveland sulfuric acid plant. The final
USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control Strategy for the State of
Ohio Technical Support Documents, Vol. I and II, (EPA
905/2-76-002) may be obtained from NTIS. After col-
lecting the necessary site and process specific data by
means of a plant visit, the evaluation was made em-
phasizing three commercially available sulfur dioxide
abatement systems: Union Carbide's 'Pua Slo S' proc-
ess, the Welfman-Lord system by Davy Powergas, and
Dupont's 'Tysuf system.
Keywords: 'Chemical plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfurlc
acid, 'Air pollution control, *0hio, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Regulations, Boilers, Sites,
Process charting, Design criteria, Plant location, Ad-
sorption, Absorbers(Materials), Feasibility, Cost analy-
sis, Operating costs. Capitalized costs, Performance
evaluation, Wellman process, Tysul process, PuraSlv
S process, 'Sulfuric acid plants.
PB-268 958/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Ofv.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio 302 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume V. Phil-
lips Petroleum, Toledo Phllblack Plant, Carbon
Black. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Hans A. Klemm, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76; 47p GCA-
TR-76-14-G-VOI-5, EPA/905/2-76/005-0
Contract EPA-68-01-3155
See also Volume 4, PB-268 957. „„„ „„
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10 1975) at the Phillips Petroleum Company s
Toledo'Philblack Plant. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxfde
Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Sup-
port Docurwmtt, Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may
be obtained from NTIS. This plant manufactures
carbon black by the oil furnace process. Sulfur dioxide
emissions occur from the combustion of off-gasses in
product dryers, an incinerator, and CO boilers. The
technological feasibility of flue gas desulfurization by
the double alkali process (FMC) and by the lime proc-
ess (Research-Cottrell) was evaluated along with cost
of compliance for the latter process.
Keywords: 'Carbon black, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide,
"Air pollution control, "Ohio, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Regulations, Sites, Plant loca-
tion, Air pollution control equipment, Scrubbers, Cal-
cium oxides. Flue gases, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Sludge disposal, Solid
waste disposal, Alkaline scrubbing, Limestone scrub-
bing.
PB-268 959/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio SO2 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume VI.
Mead Corporation, Chllllcothe Mill. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
James Sahagian, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76,62p
GCA-TR-76-14-G-Vol-6, EPA/905/2-76/005-f
Contract EPA-68-01-3155
See also Volume 5, PB-268 958.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at the Mead Corporation's Chillicothe
Mill. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Conlrol Strategy
for the State of Ohio Technical Support Documents,
Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be obtained
from NTIS. This facility operates three coal-fired boil-
ers to provide process steam for the production of
paper. After collecting necessary site and process
specific data by means of a plant visit, the technical
feasibility and cost of a lime-based desulfurization
system were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Paper Industry, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide,
*Air pollution control, 'Ohio, 'Coal, Calcium oxides,
Feasibility, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Steam, Cost analysis, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, Regulations, Process charting, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Plant location, Flue gases, Sites, Scrubbers, By-
products, Sludge disposal, Waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Coal preparation, Limestone scrub-
bing, Alkaline scrubbing, Wellman process, Waste utili-
zation, Low sulfur coal.
PB-268 960/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio SO2 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume VII. The
Standard Oil Company of Ohio, Uma Refinery.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Walter T. Stanley, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76,51 p
GCA-TR-76-14-G-Vol-7, EPA/905/2-76/005-g
Contract EPA-68-01-3155
See also Volume 6, PB-268 959.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC El3, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at the Standard Oil Company of Ohio's
Lima Refinery. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control
Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Docu-
ments, Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be ob-
tained from NTIS. After collecting necessary site and
process specific data by means of a plant visit, it was
determined that the only source not meeting the pro-
posed regulation was the Glaus sulfur recovery plant.
For this plant, the technical feasibility and cost of com-
pliance using the Beavon, IFP-150, IFP-1500, Shell
Claua off-gas treating (SCOT), sulfreen, and Wellman-
December 1983 173
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lord processes for desulfurization of the tail gases
were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, *Sulfur dioxide,
'Ohio, 'Refineries, 'Boilers, Feasibility, Cost analysis,
Regulations, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Sites,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Petroleum
products, Process charting, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Materials recovery, Sulfur, Claus
process, Wellman process, Scot process, Sulfreen
process, IFP-1500 process, IFP-150 process, Beavon
process.
PB-268 961/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Coat of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio SO2 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume VIII.
Union Carbide Carbon Products Division, Fostorla
Plant. Final rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Hans A. Klemm, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76, 31 p GCA-
TR-76-14-G-Vol-8, EPA/905/2-76/005-h
Contract EPA-68-01 -3155
See also Volume 7, PB-268 960.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio sulfur dioxide regulation (40 FR 52410, Novem-
ber 10, 1975) at Union Carbide's Fostona Activated
Carbon Plant. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide Control
Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Support Docu-
ments, Vol. I and II, (EPA 905/2-76-002) may be ob-
tained from NTIS. Union Carbide employs a unique ac-
tivation process using sulfur that would be affected by
the proposed regulation. A sulfur dioxide emission re-
duction of 96.8 percent would be required. After col-
lecting necessary process and site specific data by
means of a plant visit, the technical feasibility and cost
of lime scrubbing to achieve the required sulfur dioxide
reduction were determined.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Ohio, "Activated carbon, 'Roasters, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products, Sulfur, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Process charting, Sites,
Performance evaluation, Plant location, Design crite-
ria, Feasibility, Regulations, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Flue gases, Sludge disposal,
Solid waste disposal, Calcium oxides, Limestone
scrubbing.
PB-268 962/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Evaluation of the Technological Feasibility, and
Cost of Selected Control Alternatives Necessary
to Meet the Proposed Ohio SO2 Regulations for
Industrial Boilers and Processes. Volume IX.
Union Camp Corporation, Chemical Division,
Dover Plant Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
James Sahagian, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 76,46p
GCA-TR-76-14-G-Vol-9,EPA/905/2-76/005-i
Contract EPA-68-01-3155
See also Volume 8, PB-268 961.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E13, PB-268 953-
SET.
This report presents an evaluation by the GCA Corpo-
ration, GCA/Technology Division, of technological
feasibility and cost of complying with the proposed
Ohio SO2 regulation (40 FR 52410, November 10,
1975) at the Onion Camp Corporation, Chemical Divi-
sion's Dover Plant. The final USEPA Sulfur Dioxide
Control Strategy for the State of Ohio Technical Sup-
port Document, Vol. I and II (EPA 905/2-76-002) may
be obtained from NTIS. This plant produced fatty or-
ganic chemicals. Two small coal-fired boilers are oper-
ated to produce steam for the production of these
chemicals. After collecting necessary site and process
specific data by means of a plant visit, the technical
feasibility and cost of commercial lime and double
alkali scrubbing systems were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Chemical plants, 'Air pollution control,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Ohio, 'Boilers, 'Coal, Organic com-
pounds, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Feasibility, Sites, Cost analysis. Capitalized costs. Op-
erating costs, Plant location, Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Regulations, Flue
gases, Calcium oxides, Sludge disposal, Solid waste
disposal, Coal preparation, Desulfurization, Alkaline
scrubbing, Limestone scrubbing, Low sulfur coal.
PB-268 992/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to
Air Pollution Problems. Computer-Generated
Long-Path Air Spectra. Interim rept.,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
R. J. Nordstrom, J. H. Shaw, W. R. Skinner, J. G.
Calvert, and W. H. Chan. Mar 77,150p EPA/600/3-
77/026
Grant EPA-R-803868-1
An atlas of computer-generated infrared transmission
spectra of the atmosphere for low humidity (29 percent
relative humidity) and high humidity (65 percent rela-
tive humidity) air samples is presented. These spectra
extend from 700/cm to 3000/cm, and were computed
with a resolution of approximately 0.25/cm. the simu-
lated path length is 3 km through an environment at
1013mbarand296K.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric composition, 'Infrared spec-
tra, 'Computerized simulation, Humidity, Air pollution,
Trace elements, Samples, Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, 'Air pollution detection, 'Fourier transform
spectroscopy, 'Long path infrared spectroscopy.
PB-268 996/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass.
Region I.
Analysis of Photochemical Oxldant and Partlcu-
late Pollution Patterns In New England Using
Remote Sensing Data. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, Mass.
Clinton J. Bowley, Joseph L. Horowitz, and James C.
Barnes. Jun 77, 52p ERT-P-2273, EPA/901/9-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2533
Imagery from earth surveillance satellites is examined
to assess the potential usefulness of satellite data for
monitoring air pollutant patterns and defining the asso-
ciated meteorological conditions in southern New Eng-
land. Three high ozone situations, one high total sus-
pended particulate episode and one high sulfate epi-
sode are studied. Imagery from one or more of the fol-
lowing satellite systems: Landsat, NOAA/VHRR.
GOES, and DMSP, ranging from the visible to the ther-
mal infrared portions of the spectrum, are visually In-
terpreted for each case. Because of the limited data
sample, it is difficult to derive firm conclusions for par-
ticular imagery types or specified pollutants. Neverthe-
less, the results of the study indicate that there is a
good correlation between certain types of high pollut-
ant load (including ozone and sulfates) and haze and
smoke, with accompanying reductions in visibility.
There is good evidence that satellite imagery can dis-
play differences in reflectance (visible) or temperature
(thermal infrared) due to some combination of haze,
smoke and atmospheric pollutant load, on a regional
basis. The greatest promise was shown by the DMSP
thermal infrared imagery in application to high sulfate
situations.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Particles, 'Oxidlzers,
'Artificial satellites, Ozone, Sulfates, Meteorology,
Monitoring, Photochemistry, Sampling, Data analysis,
Concentration(Compositton), Dust, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Path of pollutants, 'New England.
PB-269 000-SET PC E16
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Review and Assessment of Deep-Well Injection of
Hazardous Waste.
Reeder (Louis R.) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla.
Jun 77,1503p
Set includes PB-269 001 thru PB-269 004.
No abstract available.
PB-269 001/4 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Lab.
Review and Assessment of Deep-Well Injection of
Hazardous Waste. Volume I. Final rept,
Reeder (Louis R.) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla.
Louis R. Reeder, James H. Cobbs, John W. Field, Jr.,
William D. Finley, and Steven C. Vokurka. Jun 77,
215p* EPA/600/2-77/029a
Contract EPA-68-03-2013
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-269 000-
SET.
This four volume report is a review and assessment of
the adequacy of deep-well waste injection systems to
receive hazardous wastes and to define what effects
that these wastes will have upon the environment
when injected into subsurface reservoirs. All aspects
of deep-well injection systems are considered. A com-
prehensive bibliography, chemical waste profiles,
deep-well inventory, case histories, microbiological re-
search, deep-well and hazardous waste research,
legal aspects and an inventory of statues and regula-
tions governing waste injection are discussed in the
text and detailed in the appendices.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Injection wells, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, Chemical industry, Geology, Aquifers,
Monitoring, Water pollution abatement, Environmental
impacts, Brines, Sewage disposal, Economic analysis,
Legislation, Regulations, Government policies, Micro-
biology, Reviews, United States, Deep wells.
PB-269 002/2 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Review and Assessment of Deep-Well Injection of
Hazardous Waste. Volume II. Appendices A, B,
and C. Final rept.,
Reeder (Louis R.) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla.
Louis R. Reeder, James H. Cobbs, John W. Fieid, Jr.,
William D. Finley, and Steven C. Vokurka. Jun 77,
315p*EPA/600/2-77/029b
Contract EPA-68-03-2013
See also Volume 1, PB-269 001.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-269 000-
SET.
A review and analysis of the available information re-
lated to deep-well injection, and an assessment as to
the adequacy of this method for managing hazardous
wastes and ensuring protecting the environment was
made. This volume is comprised of Appendices A, B,
and C. Appendix A is the Bibliography of literature used
during the study. Appendix B is a compilation of pat-
ents related to deep-well systems. Appendix C pro-
vides available chemical and lexicological character-
ization profiles of chemical wastes being injected into
deep-wells.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Radioactive waste
disposal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Injection wells, 'Bibliographies, Geology, Chemical
industry, Organic compounds, Ammonia, Ammonium
compounds, Oxides, Acids, Inorganic salts, Toxicity,
Classification, Data, Water pollution, Deep wells.
PB-269 003/0 PC A24/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Review and Assessment of Deep-Well Injection of
Hazardous Waste. Volume III. Appendix D. Final
rept.,
Reeder (Louis R.) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla.
Louis R. Reeder, James H. Cobbs, John W. Field, Jr.,
William D. Finley, and Steven C. Vokurka. Jun 77,
560p* EPA/600/2-77/029C
Contract EPA-68-03-2013
See also Volume 2, PB-269 002.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-269 000-
SET.
This report presents contractors inventory of industrial
waste injection wells through December 31,1974. The
inventory was developed by incorporating data from
previous inventories and data collected from state
agencies or individual operations. Data is presented on
geology, waste characteristics, well design and sur-
face equipment, operations, and monitoring.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Injection wells, Inventories, Site surveys, Geology,
Monitoring, Design, Reservoirs, Drilling, united States.
174 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-269 004/8 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Review and Assessment of Deep-Well Injection of
Hazardous Waste. Volume IV. Appendices E, F, G,
H, I, and J. Final rept,
Reeder (Louis R.) and Associates, Tulsa, Okla.
Louis R. Reeder, James H. Cobbs, John W. Field, Jr.,
William D. Finley. and Steven C. Vokurka. Jun 77,
413p* EPA/600/2-77/029d
Contract EPA-68-03-2013
See also Volume 3, PB-269 003.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-269 000-
SET.
The report is comprised of Appendices E, F, G, H, I,
and J. Appendix E provides limited case histories of
actual industrial waste injection well operations and
provide examples of unacceptable and acceptable op-
erations. Appendix F discusses recent research on mi-
crobiological aspects of deep-wells. Appendix G is a
summary of research related to deep-well injection,
while Appendix H is a summary of research dealing
with treatment of hazardous wastes. Legislation, regu-
lations, and policies governing deep-well injection op-
erations are provided in Appendix I. Appendix J was
added by EPA so that readers would have the benefit
of clarifying information that resulted from review of
this document.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Injection wells, Microbiology, Geology, Waste proc-
essing, Industrial waste treatment, Site surveys, Spent
sulfite liquors, Organic compounds, Chemical industry,
Detergents, Solvents, Pesticides, Geology, Environ-
mental impacts, Government policies, Legislation,
Regulations, Reservoir engineering, Tables(Data),
Deep wells.
PB-269 005/5 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Efficiency of Gas-Wall Reactions In a Cylindrical
Flow Reactor. Interim rept. Jun 71-Jan 73,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif.
Henry S. Judeikis, and Seymour Siegel. May 77,25p
ATR-73(7256)-2, EPA/600/3-77/043
Grant EPA-R-802687
Expressions are given for the concentration of a dilute
reactive gas mixed with an inert carrier gas as a func-
tion of the radial and longitudinal distances in a cylin-
drical reactor and the reaction efficiency. The reaction
efficiency is defined as the fraction of gas-wall colli-
sions that leads to the disappearance of the reactive
gas from the gas phase. The solutions presented here
are applicable for all values of reaction efficiencies and
extend earlier work by other investigators that was ap-
plicable only for values of 1 or near zero. In addition to
the solution of Fick's second law of diffusion as ap-
plied here (with an additional term for flow in the cylin-
der), a one-dimensional random walk analysis is also
applied to this problem. The combination of diffusion
equation solutions and the random walk analysis leads
to the conclusion that, for a given set of experimental
conditions, the reaction efficiency can be uniquely de-
termined only if it lies within a certain range of values.
Small values of the reaction efficiency will produce in-
sufficient reaction and large values will yield diffusion-
limited results.
Keywords: 'Surface chemistry, 'Gases, Chemical re-
actions, Diffusion, Numerical analysis, Pressure,
Chemical reactors, Gas wall interactions.
£8-269 062/7 PC A07/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
mangle Park, N.C. Chemistry and Physics Lab.
Evaluation of Stationary Source Paniculate Meas-
urement Methods. Volume I, Portland Cement
plants. Interim rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
J. E. Howes, Jr., R. N. Pesut, and W. M. Henry. Jun 75,
13lpEPA/650/2-75/051-a
Uintract EPA-68-02-0609
A study was performed to evaluate the EPA Method 5
Procedure for measurement of paniculate emissions
'rpm a cement kiln. The program included three series
o' experiments to study the effects of anisoWnetic
fampllng, sampling system temperature, filter size,
""d nozzle configuration on paniculate mass emission
determinations. Method 5 was compared with two
types of in-stack filters in a fourth set of experiments.
The results of the experiments were analyzed by sta-
tistical analysis to assess the significance of the sam-
pling system variables on observed differences in col-
lected paniculate mass. Chemical and physical char-
acterizations were performed to evaluate the repre-
sentativeness of collected particulates and to eluci-
date the cause of mass differences introduced by var-
ious sampling system operating parameters.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Industrial wastes, Probes, Gas
analysis, Chimneys, Kilns, Performance evaluation, Air
filters, Air pollution, Particle size distribution, Chemical
composition, Chemical analysis, Sites, Design criteria,
Process charting, Samples,
CqncentrationlCompositionJ.^EPA method 5, 'Air pol-
lution sampling, Air pollution detection, Stationary
sources, Anisokinetic sampling, Cement industry.
PB-269 064-T PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Conservation. Volume 10, Number 3(53), 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1977,72pTT-76-54024/3
Unedited trans, of Ochrona Powietrza (Poland), v10 n3
(53) 1976, by Andrzej Skup. See also vol 10 n2, PB-
267 786-T. The above journal is translated on a regular
basis. Sponsored in part by National Science Founda-
tion, Washington, D.C. Special Foreign Currency Sci-
ence Information Program.
This documents contents are as follows: Nitrogen
dioxide removal from dilute gases by absorption in a
magnesium hydroxide suspension; A novel damage
prognostication approach for the areas adjacent to in-
dustrial plants; An optimum air pollution data collection
and analysis system; Estimation of individual dust
hazard in the working environment in a superphos-
phate plant; Assessment of the performance of the
stoker-fired boiler exhaust control equipment; The in-
fluence of urban and industrial areas upon the local cli-
mate; Polemics; Industrial briefs, and Patent review.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Reviews, Climate, Urban
areas, Nitrogen dioxide, Absorption, Magnesium hy-
droxide, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Com-
bustion products, Patents, Boilers, Air pollution control
equipment, Assessments, Gas analysis, Dust, Data
analysis, Inorganic phosphates, Performance evalua-
tion, Translations, USSR, Air pollution detection.
PB-269 081/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Evaluation of Stationary Source Partlculate Meas-
urement Methods. Volume II. OII-Flred Steam Gen-
erators. Interim rept. Oct 73-Feb 76,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Edward T. Peters, and Jeffrey W. Adams. Feb 77,66p
EPA/600/2-77/026
Contract EPA-68-02-0632
See also Volume 1 dated Jun 75, PB-269 052.
An experimental study was conducted to determine
the reliability of the Method 5 procedure lor providing
paniculate emission data from an oll-flred steam gen-
erator. The study was concerned with determining
whether any 'false' paniculate resulted from the col-
lection process of from trie collected paniculate. Vari-
ations to Method 5 tested Included filter media, size
and temperature, nozzle type and sampling duration.
Tests were conducted at a 350 MW source utilizing low
sulfur residual fuel. Two series of field tests were con-
ducted. In both cases simultaneous samples were col-
lected with two trains. In all cases one train was the
standard Method 5 train. The other train was either a
modified Method 5 train with an in-stack filter or a
second standard Method 5 train. Runs were preformed
in which one or both trains were spiked with SO2 at the
nozzle to provide sampled gas stream concentrattons
of approximately 2000 ppm SO2 approximating a high
sulfur fuel. By comparing partteulate and sulfate distri-
butions between probe and filter catches for the two
trains, no evidence for the formation of 'false partteu-
late' for the condition evaluation were found. The in-
stack filter method used has several advantages over
EPA Method 5 Including the elimination of recovering
the probe catch.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Electric power plants, Sulfur
dioxide, Sampling, Field tests, Filters, Air pollution,
Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Experiments, Sulfates,
Probes, Steam electric power generation, Perform-
ance evaluation, Concentrationjcomposition), Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data), Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Stationary sources, 'EPA
method 5, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Steam power
plants, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-269 106/1 PC A11/MF A01
Federal Energy Administration, Washington, D.C.
Office of Industrial Programs.
Marketing and Mobility. Report of a Panel of the
Interagency Task Force on Motor Vehicle Goal*
Beyond 1980. Interim rept.,
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, Md.
Carmen Difiglio, and Damian Kulash. Mar 76,240p
FEA/D-77/185
The report documents an econometric model of auto-
mobile and travel demand. This model is designed to
estimate the consumer response to changes in auto-
mobile price, fuel price, and fuel economy in specific
automobile classes (small, mid-size and large) which
may be brought about by Federal policies. These poli-
cies include automobile excise taxes and rebates
based on fuel economy, mandatory fuel economy
standard and motor fuel taxes. By combining this be-
havioral model with a simulation model of automobile
manufacturer's behavior, it is possible to estimate the
probable impact of these three policies. The marketing
and mobility model produces estimates of automobile
demand for each of three size classes, sales-weighted
new car fuel economy, automobile fleet characteris-
tics, vehicles miles traveled and automobile fuel con-
sumption.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Travel demand, 'Market-
ing, 'Econometrics, Economic models, Automobiles,
Forecasting, Automotive fuels, Prices, Taxes,
Demand(Economics), Energy conservation, Environ-
mental impacts, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution,
Noise pollution, Traffic safety, Policies, Benefit cost
analysis.
PB-269 128/5 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Bachman Treatment Facility for Excessive Storm
Flow In Sanitary Sewers. Final rept.,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
Harold W. Wolf. Jul 77,145p EPA/600/2-77/128
Prepared in cooperation with Dallas Water Utilities
Dept., Tex.
The Bachman Treatment Facility was built in Dallas,
Texas, to provide physical-chemical treatment to
those municipal wastewater flows that during periods
of heavy precipitation exceed the capacity of a down-
stream interceptor. The treatments provided in the fa-
cility include the addition of waste lime sludge from a
nearby water purification plant, floccufation, sedimen-
tation, tube settling, and chlorinatlon. The facility was
operated primarily to determine the benefits that might
be derived from the addition of potable water treat-
ment plant waste sludges to these excess flows since
unpublished laboratory work conducted elsewhere
had indicated potential benefits in terms of better sus-
pended solids and BODS removals than would result
from sedimentation alone. The results showed no
benefit from the addition of potable water treatment
plant waste sludges to these artificial flows, but the few
times the plant operated on genuinely occurring
excess flows, possible benefits were observed.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution control, Munici-
palities, Sludge, Chlorinatlon, Overflows, Sedimenta-
tion tanks, Flocculating, Calcium oxides, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Residues, Viruses, Potable water, Ef-
ficiency, Texas, Bachman sewage treatment plant,
Dallas(Texas).
PB-269 156/8 PC A02/MF A01
Disposable Electrode Chamber for Measuring
Opercular Movement of Fathead Mlnnowa. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert A. Drummond. Apr 77,3p EPA/600/J-77/025
Pub. in The Progressive Flsh-Culturist, v30 n2 p94 Apr
77.
December 1983 175
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A simple, disposable electrode chamber to measure
the opercular movements of fathead minnows is de-
scribed in this report.
Keywords: 'Measuring instruments, 'Bioassay, 'Min-
nows, Motion, Respiration, Containers, Electrodes,
Design, Bioinstrumentation, Reprints, Fathead min-
nows, Pimephales promelas.
PB-269 156/6 PC A02/MF A01
Spawning Success of Fathead Minnows on Se-
lected Artificial Substrates. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Duane A. Benoit, and Richard W. Carlson. 30 Nov 76,
5p EPA/600/J-77/024
Pub. in The Progressive Fish-Culturist, v39 n2 p67-69
Apr 77.
Spawning success of fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) on six different substrates was tested and
evaluated. Egg adhesiveness was equally good on
cement-asbestos tile and sand-coated stainless steel
substrates, but was poor on unaltered stainless steel,
shot-peened stainless steel, stainless steel screen,
and glass substrates. Viability and number of eggs
spawned were not significantly different for any of the
substrates tested.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Toxicity, "Substrates,
Reproduction(Biology), Eggs, Viability, Bioassay, Ce-
ments, Glass, Stainless steels, Reprints, 'Pimephales
promelas.
PB-269 157/4 PC A02/MF A01
Optimum Temperature for Growth of Juvenile
Bluegllls. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Armond E. Lemke. 28 Jan 77, 5p EPA/600/J-77/023
Pub. in The Progressive Fish-Culturist, v39 n2 p55-57
Apr 77.
Juvenile bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus (initial weight,
1.8-8.0 g), were individually marked and fed to excess
during a 30-day constant temperature test; day length
was 16 h. Fish were tested at temperature intervals of
2 degrees from 20 to 36C. The highest specific growth
rate occurred at 30C (2.35%/day); however, growth
rates of only the groups held at 20 and 36C were sta-
tistically different from the rate for the group held at
30C.
Keywords: *Fresh water fishes, 'Temperature,
'Tolerances(Physiology), Growth, Statistical data, Sur-
vival, Reprints, 'Lepomis macrochirus.
PB-269 158/2 PC A02/MF A01
International Conference on Oxldant Problems:
Analysis of the Evidence/Viewpoints Presented.
Part I. Definition of Key Issues. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Basil Dimitriades, and A. Paul Altshuller. Apr 77,11p
EPA/600/J-77/021, ESRL/RTP/J-028
Pub. in APCA Jnl., v27 p299-307 Apr 77.
In recognition of the importance and somewhat con-
troversial nature of the oxidant control problem, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) orga-
nized and conducted a five-day International Confer-
ence in September 1976. The one hundred or so pres-
entations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted EPA to
sponsor a followup review/analysis effort. Specifically,
mis followup effort carefully and impartially reviewed
and analyzed relevant evidence and viewpoints report-
ed at the International Conference (and elsewhere)
and attempted to resolve some of the oxidant-related
scientific issues. The review/analysis was conducted
by non-EPA, non-industry experts of widely recognized
competence and experience in the area of photoche-
mical pollution control. The first part of the overall
effort, reported here, is an explanatory analysis of the
problem and definition of key issues, as viewed within
the research component of EPA. Following, will be the
reports of the expert/reviewer groups offering either
resolution of issues or recommendations for additional
research needed to achieve such resolutions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Ozone, 'Reviews,
'Oxidizers, Photochemistry, Chemical reactions,
Stratosphere, Organic compounds, Transport proper-
ties, Atmospheric diffusion. Mathematical models,
Test chambers, Smog, Concentration(Composition),
Reprints, Atmospheric chemistry, Air Quality Display
Model.
PB-269 159/0 Not available NTIS
The Mass Spectrometer as a Substance-Selective
Detector In Chromatography. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
William L. Budde, and James W. Eichelberger. 12 Oct
76,14p EPA/600/J-77/022
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v134 p147-158 1977.
The computerized mass spectrometer has several
modes of data acquisition when applied as a detector
in chromatographic systems. These and several
modes of data reduction are defined with examples
from the field of environmental measurements of or-
ganic pollutants. The overall advantages and disad-
vantages of the various techniques are discussed.
Keywords: 'Mass spectrometers, 'Detectors, 'Chro-
matography, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis,
Pollution, Reprints, 'Computer aided analysis.
PB-269 160/8 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Constant Temperatures and Dlel Tem-
perature Fluctuations on Specific Growth and
Mortality Rates and Yield of Juvenile Rainbow
Trout, 'Salmo galrdnerl'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson, Charles F. Kleiner, and Todd
W. Thorslund. 1977, 12p EPA/600/J-77/026
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v341\5 p639-648 1977.
Specific growth and mortality rates of juvenile rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined for 50 days at
seven constant temperatures between 8 and 22C and
six diel temperature fluctuations. For constant tem-
perature treatments the maximum specific growth rate
of trout fed excess rations was 5.12%/day at 17.2C,
An average specific mortality rate of 0.35%/day was
observed at the optimum temperature and lower. The
highest constant temperature at which specific growth
and mortality rates became equal (initial bipmass re-
mained constant over 40 days) was 23C. A yield model
was developed to describe the effects of temperature
on the living biomass over time and to facilitate com-
parison of treatment responses. These data are dis-
cussed in relation to establishment of criteria for
summer maximum temperatures for fish.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Temperature,
'Tolerances(Physiology), Growth, Mortality, Acclimati-
zation, Animal behavior, Survival, Yield, Recommen-
dations, Water quality, Mathematical models, Regres-
sion analysis, Tables(Data), Reprints, Salmo gairdneri.
PB-269 176/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Evaluation of Paniculate Sites In EPA Region VI.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
May 77,46p RAD-TN-100-044-16, EPA/906/9-77/
001 b
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
See also PB-269 223.
This report describes the methods and results of a
quality assurance study of selected municipal and
state air monitoring programs being conducted in EPA
Region VI. High-Volume samplers were audited using
calibrated orifice plates. The study Involved a visit to
each sampling station to perform a systems analysis,
to evaluate the site, and to perform an audit. Data
processing checks were also performed at the agency
offices.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Quality assurance, Sites, Per-
formance evaluation, Monitoring, Data processing, Air
pollution, Continuous sampling, Tables(Data), Calibrat-
ing, Concentration(Composition), Probes, Air pollu-
tion sampling, *EPA region VI, Procedures, 'Air quality
data.
PB-269 179/8 PC A13/MF A01
The Economic Impact of Alternative Cyanide
Standards In Illinois. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Linda Huff, and James Huff. Mar 77,299p IIEQ-77-03
Prepared in cooperation with (IT Research Inst., Chica-
go, III.
The objective of effluent and water quality standards is
protection of the rivers and streams and their biota. In
ascertaining the appropriate level of regulation, the
economic ramifications of such requirements must be
considered. Modifications to the present cyanide efflu-
ent standard have been proposed by the Illinois Petro-
leum Council, Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater
Chicago (MSDGC), and Republic Steel. The petition-
ers are seeking a two-tiered standard with total and
simple cyanide effluent restrictions. The specific efflu-
ent limits proposed by these groups and the IEPA are
summarized.
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Cyanides, 'Stand-
ards, 'Illinois, 'Water pollution, Substitutes, Rivers,
Streams, Regulations, Cost analysis, Sewage treat-
ment, Benefit cost analysis, 'Water quality, Water pol-
lution standards.
PB-269 180/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Suspended and Dissolved Solids Effects on
Freshwater Biota: A Review. Final rept. Jul-Dec 76,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
Darwin L. Sorenson, Margaret M. McCarthy, E. Joe
Middlebrooks, and Donald B. Porcella. Apr 77,75p*
EPA/600/3-77/042
It is widely recognized that suspended and dissolved
solids in lakes, rivers, streams, and reservoirs affect
water quality. In this report the research needs appro-
priate to setting freshwater quality criteria or standards
for suspended solids (not including bedload) and dis-
solved solids are defined by determining the state of
our knowledge from a critical review of the recent lit-
erature in this field. The major research need was de-
fined as the development and/or application of con-
cepts of community response to suspended and dis-
solved solids concentrations and loads. These con-
cepts need to be applied especially to the photosyn-
thetic, the microfauna, and macrofauna levels. Fish
studies are of lower priority since more and better re-
search has been reported for these organisms. In addi-
tion, the role of suspended solids in transporting toxic
substances (organics, heavy metals), aesthetic evalu-
ation of suspended solids in aquatic ecosystems, and
dissolved solids in drinking water, and economic as-
pects of dissolved solids in municipal-industrial water
were defined as research needs.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Inorganic salts,
'Fresh water biology, 'Water pollution, Reviews, Tur-
bidity, Water quality, Standards, Residues, Salinity,
Metals, Toxicity, Aquatic plants, Invertebrates, Photo-
synthesis, Fishes, Concentration(Composition), Live-
stock, Irrigation, Water supply, Research needs, 'Sus-
pended solids, 'Dissolved solids.
PB-269 181/4 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago
An Economic Analysis of a Proposed Regulation
(R76-S) Affecting Air Furnace Emission Stand-
ard*. Final rept.,
Sangamon State Univ., Springfield, III.
Ronald J. Sutherland. May 77, 75p IIEQ-77/05
An iron foundry in Hoopeston, Illinois, county of Vermil-
ion, formerly owned by Deere & Company and now
owned by the Vermilion Iron Corporation, emits panic-
ulate matter at a rate in excess of current Illinois air
pollution regulations. Deere has proposed the regula-
tory amendment R76-5 which, if adopted, would permit
the Vermilion foundry, and presumably only the Vermil-
ion foundry, to continue emitting at present rates. This
study provides quantitative estimates of closing the
foundry and provides cost and benefit estimates of re-
ducing air furnance emissions via installing the neces-
sary pollution abatement equipment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
'Foundries, "Regulations, Air furnaces, Particles, Eco-
nomic analysis, Standards, Illinois, Benefit cost analy-
sis, Rates(Per time), Air pollution abatement,
Hoopeston(lllinois), Plant closings, Proposals.
176 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-269 184/8 PC A09/MF A01
Economic Impact of Proposed Amendment to
Water Pollution Regulations for Hexane Extract-
able Materials, R74-1,8,9. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Lawrence W. Bates. 12 May 77,199p IIEQ-77-17
Prepared by WAPORA, Inc., Charleston, III.
This study investigates the economic impacts of
amending Rule 408, Chapter III, of the 'Rules and Reg-
ulations' of the Illinois Pollution Control Board (1976).
Illinois Senate Bill 805 requires consideration of the
potential economic impacts of a proposed change in a
pollution control regulation prior to adoption of the
amendment. This proposed amendment would alter
the current 15 mg/l standard for total oil discharged
from point sources. Three alternative scenarios were
designated by the Illinois Institute of Environmental
Quality for economic evaluation.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic impacts, 'Water
pollution control, 'Hexanes, Illinois, Extraction, Indus-
trial wastes, Cost analysis, Oils, Scenarios, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, Economic analysis, Point
sources, Oil pollution.
PB-269 223/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Evaluation of Continuous Monitoring Sites In EPA
Region VI. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
May 77, 50p RAD-77-100-044-16-04, EPA/906/9-77/
001 a
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
See also PB-269 176.
This report describes the methods arid results of a
quality assurance study of selected municipal and
state air monitoring programs being conducted in EPA
Region VI. The continuous analyzers that were evalu-
ated were analyzers for ozone and carbon monoxide.
The study involved a visit to each monitoring station to
perform a systems analysis of the station, to evaluate
the site, and to perform an audit of the continuous
monitors using control gases. Data processing checks
were also performed at the agency offices.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Continuous sampling,
Tables(Data), Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Data proc-
essing, Sites, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Calibrating,
Air pollution, Error analysis, Probes, Samplers, Volu-
metric analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'EPA region VI, 'Air pollution detection. Proce-
dures.
PB-269 225/9 PC A03/MF A01
Recovery of Conforms by the MPN and MF Tech-
niques Using A(2sup n) Factorial Experimental
Design. Final rept.,
"linois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
K. G. Janardan, Maxine C. Long, and David J.
Schaeffer. Mar 77, 35p IIEQ-77-07
Prepared in cooperation with Sangamon State Univ.,
aprlngfield, III. Math Systems Program, Illinois State
environmental Protection Agency, Springfield, and Illi-
nois State Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago.
Since the coliform group of organisms were adopted
as indicators of water pollution, numerous laboratory
tests have been devised to determine the presence or
absence of these organisms. Conforms in water sup-
plies, surface waters or sewage effluents can be quan-
Wied by the multiple tube (MPN) or membrane filter
IMF) techniques. The MPN procedure has been used
°y sanitary engineers for over 50 years. The MF tech-
nique, while experimentally more attractive, has yet to
prove its usefulness, reliability and ruggedness over
the extremes met by the MPN method: The reliability
and constraints on the methods were assessed. It is
concluded that: (1) over all sample types the MPN and
"*•. techniques are statistically comparable; (2) these
Jfchniques measure different biological populations of
«>cai or total conforms; (3) for a given type of sample,
e.g., fecal conforms in a chlorinated effluent, the tech-
niques are statistically different; (4) the precision of the
"Jr method is four times better than that of the MPN
technique.
Keywords: 'Conform bacteria, 'Water pollution, Indi-
cator species, Water supplies, Sewage, Tests, Detec-
"on, Quantitative analysis, Experimental design, Precl-
*on, Validity, 'Biolndicators, Factorial design.
PB-2B9 229/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Blatlneau, Blenville, Bossier and Webster
Parishes, Louisiana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,50p Working Paper-529
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Bistineau, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Bienville Parish(Louislana), Bos-
sier Parish(Louisiana), Webster Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 234/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Braunlg Lake, Bexar County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,34p Working Paper-634
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Braunig Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Bexar County(Texas).
PB-269 235/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Fort Phantom Hill, Jones County, Texas.
Final rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,49p Working Paper-644
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Fort Phantom Hill,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Jones CountyfTexas).
PB-269 241/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Norton Reservoir, Norton County, Kansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,40p Working Paper-520
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka. and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Norton Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kansas, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Norton County(Kansas).
PB-269 242/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake O' The Pines Camp, Marlon, Morris, and
Upshur Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,65p Working Paper-648
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake O' The Pines,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Camp County(Texas),
Marion County(Texas), Morris County(Texas), Upshur
County(Texas).
PB-269 243/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Stlllhouse Hollow Reservoir, Bell County, Texas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,47p Working Paper-661
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Stillhouse Hollow Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Bell Counry(Texas).
PB-269 245/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Palestine Reservoir, Anderson, Cherokee, Hen-
derson, and Smith Counties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,49p Working Paper-654
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Palestine Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Anderson CountyfTexas),
Cherokee CountyfTexas), Henderson CountyfTexaa),
Smith County(Texas).
PB-269 246/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Dreg,
Pomona Reservoir, Osage County, Kansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,46p Working Paper-522
December 1983 177
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also porvided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: * Water pollution, 'Pomona Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, usage County(Kansas).
PB-269 251/5 PC A05/MF A01
Economic Impact Study of Proposed Thermal Dis-
charge Standard for Lake Newton. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
William Stanley. Apr 77,88p IIEQ-77-09
Prepared in cooperation with Stanley (William J.) and
Associates, Inc., Chicago, III.
This study evaluates the monetary and environmental
costs and benefits of several alternative methods of
dealing with thermal waste discharge at the Newton
Power Plant presently being built in Jasper County, Illi-
nois by the Central Illinois Power Service Corporation.
There were three sets of thermal discharge standards
used in this study.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, "Lakes, 'Regulations,
'Economic impact, Economic surveys, Standards,
Lake Newton, Illinois, Benefit cost analysis, Electric
power plants, Proposals, Alternatives, Jasper
County(lliinois), Thermal effluents.
PB-269 252/3 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Tuttle Creek Reservoir, Marshall, Pottawatomle,
and Rlley Counties, Kansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,68p Working Paper-524
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tuttle Creek Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Marshall
County(Kansas), Pottawatomie County(Kansas), Riley
County(Kansas).
PB-269 253/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
False River Lake, Polnte Coupee Parish, Louisi-
ana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,27p Working Paper-540
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'False River Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Pointe Coupee ParishjLouisiana).
PB-269 259/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Tawakonl, Hunt, Rains, and Van Zandt Coun-
ties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77, 58p Working Paper-662
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Tawakoni, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Hunt County(Texas), Rains
County(Texas), Van Zandt County(Texas).
PB-269 260/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Bruin Lake, Tensas, Parish, Louisiana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,26p Working Paper-532
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge. Louisi-
ana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bruin Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Tensas Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 263/0 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Lyndon B. Johnson, Burnet and Llano Coun-
ties, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,56p Working Paper-645
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Lyndon B Johnson,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Burnet County (Texas),
Llano County(Texas).
PB-269 264/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Houston, Harris County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,60p Working Paper-647
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Houston, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Harris County(Texas).
PB-269 265/5 PC A04/MF A01
Lake Hefner, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. Final
rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,46p Working Paper-590
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oklahoma
Dept. of Pollution Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklaho-
ma National Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Hefner, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Oklahoma
County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 270/5 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
An Evaluation of the Disposal of Flue Gas Desul-
furlzatlon Wastes In Mines and the Ocean: Initial
Assessment. Rept. for Jul 75-Jul 76,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
R. R. Lunt, C. B. Cooper, S. L. Johnson, J. E.
Oberholtzer, and G. R. Schimke, May 77,318p EPA/
600/7-77/051
Contract EPA-68-03-2334
The report gives an initial assessment of the feasibility
of disposing of flue gas desulfurization wastes in mines
and in the ocean. The purpose of the assessment was
to evaluate environmental, technical, regulatory, and
economic aspects of the use of such disposal sites.
Available data on chemical and physical properties of
both treated and untreated sludges generated in on-
going environmental and privately funded sludge char-
acterization programs were also collected and summa-
rized.
Oceans, Mines(Excavations), Coal, Fossil-fuel power
plants, Feasibility, Environmental Impacts, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Water pollution, Limestone scrubbing, Al-
kaline scrubbing, Ocean waste disposal, Coal fired
power plants.
PB-269 277/0 PC A06/MF A01
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, D.C.
Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from
Field Operating Package Boilers. Phase III. Final
rept. Jun71-Oct76,
Ultrasystems, Inc., Irvine, Calif.
M. P. Heap, C. McComis, T. J. Tyson, R. E. McMillan,
and R. E. Sommerlad. Jan 77,119p EPA/600/2-77/
025
Contract EPA-68-02-0222
Prepared In cooperation with Foster Wheeler Energy
Corp., Livingston, N.J. Sponsored in part by American
Petroleum Inst., Washington, D.C. See also report
dated Jun 74, PB-236 752.
The report describes the final of three phases of a pro-
gram to determine the optimum methods of applying
both flue gas recirculatlon (FGR) and staged combus-
tion (SC) to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions
from residual oil-fired package boilers. Experimental
investigations were carried out in a laboratory firetube
boiler simulator, and an application program was con-
ducted on two boilers operating in the field. The ulti-
mate goal of the program was to determine if package
boilers can operate in the field after modification to
control NOx emissions without encountering practical
problems. A 12 million Btu/hr firetube boiler and a 25
million Btu/hr heat output watertube boiler were modi-
178 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tied to extract cooled combustion products from the
stack and add them to the combustion air in the wind-
box. The effectiveness of FGR as a method of control-
ling NOx emissions was found to be dependent upon
boiler type. It was most effective in the firetube boiler:
approximately 30% reduction in emissions was ob-
tained with 40% recirculation. NOx reductions
achieved by SC were greater in the field tests than in
the laboratory investigation. Reductions of 45% were
achieved without undue smoke emissions when 70%
of the stoichiometric air requirements were applied to
the burner.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, * Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Field
tests, Experiments, Flue gas, Recirculation, Cost anal-
ysis, Fuel oil, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Smoke, *Flue gas recirculation, Staged combustion.
PB-269 280/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Non-Point Water Quality Modeling In Wlldland
Management: A State-ol-the-Art Assessment.
Volume I. Text. Final rept.
Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
Apr 77,158p EPA/600/3-77/036
Predicting non-point pollution from wildland environ-
ments is evaluated in three main areas: management
activity/pollutant relationship, predictive model review
and state-of-the-art assessment, and an inventory of
176 wildland watersheds suitable for model validation
and development. Non-point pollution is directly relat-
ed to the time and space variability of the hydrplogic
cycle and existing terrain, and the relationship is site
dependent. Predictive models for non-point pollutant
loading relating spatial variability and diversity of ter-
rain to management activities are the most important
in evaluating the potential on-site impact of planned
wildland management activities. Few non-point load-
ing models exist. The state-of-the-art is represented by
process similation models, not yet extensively used for
field application. Their use will require validation and
simplification.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Forest land, 'Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Watersheds, Hydrologic cycle,
Terrain, Erosion, Sedimentation, Management, Forest
fires, Roads, Wildlife, Regression analysis, Pesticides,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Simulation, Reviews, Inven-
tories, 'Nonpolnt sources, 'Model studies.
PB-269 289/5 PC A02/MF A01
Mercury Distribution In Soil Around a Large Coal-
Fired Power Plant Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Alan B. Crockett, and Robert R. Kinnison. May 77,14p
EPA/600/3-77/063
Seventy soil samples were collected on a radial grid
employing sixteen evenly spaced radii and five logar-
ithmically spaced circles, concentric around the Four
Corners power plant. The soil samples were analyzed
lor total mercury using a Zeeman Atomic Absorption
Bpectrophotometer. Residue levels were quite low
compared to average soil residues and no statistically
valid differences in mercury residue levels were de-
tected between circles or radii using two-way analysis
of variance techniques. F-ratlos indicated: significant
Differences between radii, and significant complex in-
teraction which could not be eliminated. Contours of
'ap-mercury concentrations show a relative high west
of the plant near the ash ponds and another just east
°> the plant. The fate of the 510 kg of mercury emlted
Par year Is not known, but it is not accumulating near
ine plant. Mercury emissions by U.S. coal-fired power
P'ants amount to only 4% of the natural degassing loss
Th U'SM ancl levels near power plants appear low.
«h *i9nificance of mercury emissions by power plants
»nould be evaluated on a regional basis since the evi-
jjence shows no significant local elevation of mercury
K«ywords: 'Mercury, 'Soil analysis, 'Electric power
P'ants, Coal, Industrial wastes, Residues,
M>ncentration(Compo8Hion), Combustion products,
wonitorinfl, "Coal fired power plants, Four Corners
Power Plant.
PB-269 291/1 PC A03/MF A01
Survival and Immune Response of Coho Salmon
Exposed to Copper. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. West-
ern Fish Toxicology Station.
Donald G. Stevens. Mar 77,46p EPA/600/3-77/031
Vaccination with Vibrio anguillarum by oral administra-
tion during copper exposure and intraperitoneal injec-
tion prior to copper exposure was employed to investi-
gate the effects of copper upon survival and the
immune response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhyn-
chus kisutch). Following copper exposure the survi-
vors were challenged under natural conditions to V.
anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis in fish.
Copper concentrations of 18.1 micrograms/liter and
higher caused significant mortality among coho fry
during 30 days of exposure. The exposure of copper
bioassay survivors to a natural challenge against V.
anguillarum in seawater caused significant mortality
among those fish from concentrations of copper at
13.9 micrograms/liter and higher. The reduced
number of dead fish positive for V. anguillarum from
the challenge suggests that sublethal copper stress
and difficulty with seawater adaption may have caused
several deaths. Significant mortality occurred among
coho fingerlinos exposed to 24.6 micrograms/liter
copper and higher for 31 days. Most of the survivors of
these concentrations were unable to adapt to
seawater and died within the first three days of chal-
lenge.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Toxic tolerances,
'Stress(Physiology), 'Salmon, Exposure, Immuniza-
tion, Bacteria, Animal diseases, Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Survival. Ad-
aptation, Oncorhynchus kisutch.
PB-269 293/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Toxlclty of Dlazlnon to Brook Trout and Fathead
Minnows. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Donald T. Allison, and Roger 0. Hermanutz. May 77,
79p EPA/600/3-77/060
Fathead minnows exposed to diazinon from 5 days
through 24 weeks post hatch developed severe scoli-
osis. The incidence and degree of spinal deformity cor-
related to exposure level. Fish in 3.2 micrograms/l was
30% lower than the controls. Hatch of eggs from fath-
ead minnows exposed to 3.2 micrograms/l was 30%
lower than the controls. Yearling brook trout exposed
to 4.8 micrograms and above developed scoliosis and
lordosis within a faw weeks. Acute toxicity tests with
diazinon yielded 96-hr LCSO's of 7.8,1.6,0.77 and 0.46
micrograms respectively for fathead minnows, flagfish,
brook trout and bluegills.
Keywords: 'Diazinon, 'Toxicity, 'Fresh water fishes,
'Water pollution, Trout, Minnows, Exposure, Insecti-
cides, Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Nerv-
ous system disorders, Growth, Bioassay, Phosphor-
othioic acid/O-O(diethyl-ester)-O-((isoprophy-methyl)-
pyrimidinyl ester), 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 298/6 PC A04/MF A01
Inspection of Federal Facilities for Compliance
with Noise Abatement Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 76, 54p EPA/550/9-77/350
This document provides guidance to the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency regional offices for identifying
noise problems at Federal facilities, selecting facilities
to be inspected for compliance with environmental
noise requirements and conducting noise inspections
at Federal facilities.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Standards, 'Facilities,
•Government policies, Standards, Inspection, Guide-
lines, National government, 'Federal facilities, Stand-
ards compliance.
PB-269 316/6 PC A02/MF A01
Particle Size of Home end Garden Pesticides Con-
taining Fungicides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oreg.
Northwest Biological Investigations Station.
H. L. Dooley. Jun 77,10p EPA/540/9-77/015
Nineteen different commercial home and garden pesti-
cide formulations containing fungicides from 17 manu-
facturers were evaluated for particle size by wet- and
dry-sieve methods. Significantly different results were
obtained by each method. The wet-sieved method
showed that at least 90% of the particles were smaller
than 75 micrometers in 17 formulations, while the dry-
sieved method indicated that 70% of the particles
were smaller than most appropriate for the evaluation
of dusts. The mean particle size of most currently mar-
keted commercial pesticide dusts for home and
garden use is 149 micrometers or smaller.
Keywords: 'Particle sizes, 'Fungicides, 'Size determi-
nation, Pesticides, Performance evaluation, Sieve
analysis, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB-269 340/6 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Effects of Low Level Carbon Monoxide Exposure.
Blood Llplds and Coagulation Parameters,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Pathology.
K. M. Brinkhouse. Jun 77, 32p EPA/600/1-77/032
Contract EPA-68-02-1281
The study examined the effects of carbon monoxide
(CO) in 50 and 100 ppm doses on response to tread-
mill exercise, blood coagulation and blood lipids in
normal men. Twenty-three men were exposed to CO
or to air in a double-blind protocol. After exposure,
each underwent a graded exercise treadmill test which
was terminated at 85% maximal heart rate. Blood for
measurement of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), hemato-
crit, platelet count, protnrombin time, partial thrombo-
plastin time, thrombin time, fibrin split products, factor
VIII, platelet aggregation, serum cholesterol and trigly-
cerides was drawn at baseline, preexercise and pos-
texercise. COHb did not change on air days but
reached a mean of 2.17% on 50 ppm days and 4.15%
on 100 ppm days. The mean duration of exercise was
19 sec shorter on CO days than on air days (f = 4.93).
The greatest effect was on 100 ppm days (f = 8.00).
Coagulation parameters and cholesterol and triglycer-
ide measurements were not significantly affected by
CO exposure.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Toxicity, 'Blood co-
agulation, 'Lipids, Dosage, Exercise(Physiology),
Fibrin, Blood, Concentration(Composition), Males, Ex-
perimental data, Exposure, Physiological effects, Cho-
lesterol, Glycerides, Hematocrit, Platelets, Prothrom-
bin, Thromboplastin, Thrombin, Cigarette smoking,
Carbonylhemoglobin, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Blood coagulation factor VIII, Environmental health.
PB-269 342/2 PC A11/MF A01
Digest of State Pesticide Use and Application
Laws-Guide for Analyzing Pesticide Legislation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Emerson R. Baker. Jun 76,238p* EPA/540/9-76/036
All state laws (about 120 as of June 1976) relating in
some manner to pesticides, or to persons who use
pesticides, have been divided into three groups, and
those laws, or portions of laws, relating to the use and
application of pesticides are included in this digest.
The three areas are: Registration Laws, Use And Ap-
plication Acts, and Consolidated Laws, The Use And
Application Acts are divided into 5 other categories:
Structural Pest Control Laws; Licensing And Certifica-
tion Laws; Professional Examining Boards; Restricted
Materials Laws; Aerial Applicator Laws.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Law(Jurisprudence), Man-
uals, Regulations, Utilization, Legislation, Structures,
Licenses, Personnel, Pest control, State government.
PB-269 349/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Particle Size Distribution of Nitrate Aerosols In
ths Los Angeles Air Basin. Interim rept. Oct 75-Dec
76,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.
A. H. Moskowitz. May 77,43p EPA/600/3-77/053
Grant EPA-R-802160
The atmospheric aerosol was sampled with a low pres-
sure impactor at a coastal, an urban, and an agrlcultur-
December 1983 179
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al site in the Los Angeles air basin. The material col-
lected on each stage was analyzed for nitrate by direct
vaporization into a chemiluminescent analyzer, sensi-
tive at nanogram levels. The method responds to inor-
ganic nitrate compounds which vaporize or decom-
pose below about 1200C. The coastal nitrate size dis-
tribution consists mainly of particles which have diam-
eters greater than 2.0 micrometers whereas the nitrate
In the agricultural region is found primarily in the submi-
cron range. The urban location, exhibiting characteris-
tics of both coastal and agricultural regions, was bi-
modal about the 1-2 micrometers range. It is believed
that the submicron aerosol is ammonium nitrate while
the larger size fraction is sodium nitrate.
Keywords: "Particle size distribution, "Aerosols, "Inor-
ganic nitrates, "Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Parti-
cles, Sampling, Chemiluminescence, Calibrating, Gas
detectors, Concentration(Composition), Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, "Air pollution detection.
PB-269 3SO/S PC A03/MF A01
Methodology for Measurement of Polychlorlnated
Biphenyls In Ambient Air and Stationary Sources -
A Review. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
John K Margeson. Apr 77, 39p" EPA/600/4-77/021
The state of development of methodology for meas-
urement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ambi-
ent air and stationary sources was reviewed. The most
promising method for ambient air measurements in-
volves collection of PCBs on polyurethane foam, ex-
traction with an organic solvent, removal of interfer-
ences by colum chromatography, and confirmation
and analysis by electron-capture gas chromatography.
Quantitation by perchlorination of PCBs to decachloro-
bipheny (DCB) is the most promising quantitation tech-
nique, but the procedure has not yet been perfected to
the points are quantitatively converted to DCB. Perfec-
tion of this technique should allow for significant im-
provement in the quality of ambient PCB data being
generated. Source and ambient methods differ mainly
in sampling. Work on methodology for stationary
sources is in the early stages of development and
futher investigations are needed. The report contains
56 references.
Keywords: "Reviews, Chlorine organic compounds,
Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Monitor-
ing, Air pollution, Polyurethane resins, Foams, Extrac-
tion, Gas chromatography, Electron capture, Absorp-
tion, Concentratiqn(Composition), Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Stationary sources, "Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, "Air pollution detection, Aroclors,
Electron capture detectors, Biphenyl/chloro
PB-269 3S2/1 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Comprehensive Summary of Sludge Disposal Re-
cycling History. Final rept. 1967-74,
Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal District No. 1,
Commerce City, Colo.
John C. Baxter, William J. Martin, Burns R. Sabey,
William E. Hart, and David B. Cohen. Apr 77,97p EPA/
600/2-77/054
Contract EPA-68-03-2064
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins.
Since 1971 the only mode of sludge disposal used by
Denver District No. 1 has been land application. A
number of different application procedures have been
tried over the intervening years. The development of
methodology and problems associated with each pro-
cedure are discussed in the text. Continuous Applica-
tions of sludge to the soil at the Lowry Bombing Range
since 1969 have raised the concentration of nutrients,
metals, salts and organic matter. The effects of these
excessive loading rates on the soil, crops and environ-
ment are evaluated. The effects of vanous sludge ap-
plications to soil on germination, emergence, subse-
quent plant growth, and uptake of heavy metals are ex-
amined. Inhibition of germination decreased with in-
creasing soil sludge incubation periods or when dried
sludge was used, suggesting that salts or some vola-
tile component within the sludge was inhibiting germi-
nation. Microbial counts of fecal coliform bacteria in
sludged plots showed no appreciable differences from
control plots after a 6 month incubation period. Liquid
sludge added to shallow earthen drying basins demon-
strated that water is lost through soil percolation in ad-
dition to evaporation, and that about half the N content
of sludge is lost.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Sewage disposal,
"Solid waste disposal, Soil properties, Land use, Fertil-
izers, Organic wastes, Farm crops, Reclamation, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Bacteria,
Composition(Property), Soil analysis, Tables(Data),
"Sewage sludge, Land disposal, Heavy metals, Liquid
waste disposal
PB-269 364-SET PC E07
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Impact of Natural Gas Shortage on Major Industri-
al Fuel-Burning Installations.
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Energy Div.
Mar 77, 324p-in 3v
Set includes PB-269 365 thru PB-269 367.
No abstract available.
PB-269 365/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Impact of Natural Gas Shortage on Major Industri-
al Fuel-Burning Installations. Volume I. Text. Con-
tract rept.,
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Energy Div.
J. A. Brickhill. Mar 77,138p EPA/450/3-77/017a
Contract EPA-68-02-1452
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-269 364-
SET.
This study was conducted to analyze the impact of nat-
ural gas shortages on major fuel burning installations.
The analysis estimated the availability of natural gas
through 1980 for major fuel burning installations, the
alternate fuel burning capability of these plants, the
need for alternate fuels such as fuel oil and coal to
offset the gas shortages and the estimated increase in
sulfur dioxide and participate emissions from the burn-
ing of these alternate fuels. The study results are pre-
sented in a three volume report: Volume 1 contains the
narrative for the analysis of natural gas shorages on
the gas fired plants with pertinent findings and conclu-
sions.
Keywords: "Fuel shortages, "Energy shortages, "Nat-
ural gas, Fossil fuels, Fuel consumption, Energy
demand, Fuel substitution, Environmental impacts,
Sulfur oxides, Particles, Air pollution, Energy supplies,
Forecasting, Industries, Industrial plants, United
States, Fuel demand, Industrial sector, ^articulates.
PB-269 366/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Impact of Natural Gas Shortage on Major Industri-
al Fuel-Burning Installations. Volume II. Schedules
(Data and Tables). Contract rept.,
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Energy Div.
J. A. Brickhill. Mar 77, 95p EPA/450/3-77/017b
Contract EPA-68-02-1452
See also Volume 1, PB-269 365.
Also available in set of 3 reports, PC E07, PB-269 364-
SET.
This study was conducted to analyze the impact of nat-
ural gas shortages on major fuel burning installations.
The analysis consisted of the review of gas curtail-
ments plans, natural gas supplies, FEA survey data for
MFBI and applicable state air pollution control regula-
tions. This analysis estimated the availability of natural
gas through 1980 for major fuel burning installations,
the alternate fuel burning capability of these plants, the
need for alternate fuels such as fuel oil and coal to
offset the gas shortages and the estimated increase in
sulfur dioxide and participate emissions from the burn-
ing of these alternate fuels. Volume 2 contains sched-
ules of data summaries for the natural gas fired plants.
Keywords: "Fuel shortages, "Energy shortages, "Nat-
ural gas, Fossil fuels, Fuel consumption, Energy
demand, Fuel substitution, Environmental impacts, Air
pollution, Sulfur oxides, Particles, Energy supplies,
Forecasting, Gas production, Fossil fuel reserves, In-
dustries, Industrial plants, United States, Tables(Data),
Statistical data, Fuel demand, Industrial sector, Partic-
ipates, Natural gas reserves.
PB-269 367/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Impact of Natural Gas Shortage on Major Industri-
al Fuel Burning Installations, volume III. Appendix:
Summary and Analysis of Fuel-Burning Character-
istics of MFBIs. Contract rept.,
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Energy Div.
J. A. Brickhill. Mar 77,91p EPA/450/3-77/017c
Contract EPA-68-02-1452
See also Volume 2, PB-269 366.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-269 364-
SET.
This study was conducted to analyze the impact of nat-
ural gas shortages on major fuel burning installations.
The analysis consisted of the review of gas curtail-
ments plans, natural gas supplies, FEA survey data for
MFBI and applicable state air pollution control regula-
tions. Volume 3 presents a limited analysis of all the
MFBI data.
Keywords: "Fuel shortages, "Energy shortages, "Nat-
ural gas, "Fuel consumption, "Energy consumption,
Fossil fuels, Fuel substitution, Glass industry, Iron and
steel industry, Industries, Industrial plants, United
States, Tables(Data), Statistical data, Fuel demand, In-
dustrial sector.
PB-269 413/1 PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Live Fish Weight by Photography.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Glenn M. Christensen, James T. Fiandt, and Duane A.
Benoit. 18 Aug 76,4p EPA/600/J-77-027
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v39 n1 p41-42 Jan
The formula used in the calculation was Wt = KL(W
squared), where Wt = weight (g); K = proportionality
factor, derived from a subsample of the population
under study; L = length (cm); and W = width (cm).
When tested against true weights, the derived weights
had a mean error of + or - 8.6%.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Estimating, Photographic
images, Mathematical prediction, "WeightfMass),
Length, Width, Errors, Reprints.
PB-269 467/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Toronto Reservoir, Greenwood and Woodson
Counties, Kansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,44p Working Paper-523
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toronto Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Greenwood
County(Kansas), Woodson County(Kansas).
PB-269 468/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Saline Lake, LaSalle Parish, Louisiana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,26p Working Paper-542
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
180 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlonal Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Saline Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophlcation,
'Water quality data, LaSalle Parish(Loulslana).
PB-269 469/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lak* V*rr*t, Assumption Parish, Louisiana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,29p Working Paper-544
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Verret, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophlcatlon,
'Water quality data, Assumption Parish(Loulslana).
PB-288 470/1 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Black Lake, NatchltochM and Red River Parish**,
Louisiana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,25p Working Paper-531
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Black Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Natchitoches Parish(Louisiana),
Red River Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 476/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Black Bayou Reservoir, Caddo Parish, Louisiana.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,47p Working Paper-530
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Black Bayou Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Louisiana, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Caddo
Parish(Loulsiana).
£B-269 477/6 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., La»
Vegas, Nev.
Cocodrl* Lake, Rapid** Parish, Louisiana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,40p Working Paper-535
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Survey during the one year study of the lake and
Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cocodrle Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophlcatlon,
•Water quality data, Rapides Parlsh(Louisiana).
PB-269 47S/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
K*y*ton* R***rvolr, Tulsa, Osag*, Cr**k and
Pawn** Counties, Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,76p Working Paper-591
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Keystone Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eu-
trophlcatlon, 'water quality data, Tulsa
County(Oklahoma), Osage County(Oklahoma), Creek
CountyfOklahoma), Pawnee County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 479/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Foss Reservoir, Ouster County, Oklahoma. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,45p Working Paper-587
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Foss Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophlca-
tlon, 'Water quality data, Custer County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 481/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lak* Travl*, Burn*t and Tr*vl* Count!**, T*xa*.
Final rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,59p Working Paper-664
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Travis, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Texas, Eutrophlcatlon, 'Water
quality data, Burnet County(Texas), Travis
County (Texas).
PB-269 493/3 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cocodrle Lak*, Concord)* Parish, Louisiana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,25p Working Paper-534
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and! limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cocodrie Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophlcatlon,
'Water quality data, Concordia Parlsh(Loulsiana).
PB-269 494/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Concordia Lak*, Concordia Parish, Louisiana.
Final rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Mar 77, 27p Working Paper-536
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phos
the lake were estimated
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
osphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
stimated and subdivided according to
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Concordia Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Concordia Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 496/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Ecologi-
cal Effects Research Div.
Musk*gon, Michigan Industrial-Municipal
W*st*water Storage Lagoons: Biota and Environ-
ment. Final rept. Aug 73-Aug 75,
Northeast Michigan Council of Governments, Gaylord.
W. Randolph Frykberg, Clarence Goodnight, and Peter
G. Meier. Apr 77,89pf EPA/600/3-77-039
Contract EPA-04J1P01534
Prepared in cooperation with Western Michigan Univ.,
Kalamazoo, and Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of
Public Health.
A llmnological investigation was carried out on two 344
hectare (850 acre) industrial-municipal wastewater
storage lagoons from August 1973 until August 1975.
Besides monitoring physical and chemical parameters
during the period of the initial filling, the biological com-
munity was critically examined for the purpose of docu-
menting ecological succession over this two year
period. In general, the lagoons remained aerobic, well
mixed vertically and slightly alkaline, The low transpar-
ency within the lagoons was an Important factor which
limited the phytoplankton population and excluded
rooted aquatics and benthlc algae. Ample nutrients
were present tor algal demands. The lagoon's phyto-
plankton-protozoan assemblage was extremely vari-
able with respect to total abundance distribution. The
zooplankton community was composed of fourteen
species of free living crustaceans and four species of
rotifers. The benthlc fauna consisted of a small
December 1983 181
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
number of organisms representing only a few taxo-
nomic groups.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
'Limnology, 'Ecological succession, Monitoring, Pri-
mary biological productivity, Plankton, Benthos, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Chlorophylls, Turbidity,
Conductivity, Metals, Carbon, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Concentratlon(Composition), Crustacea,
Tables(Data), Michigan, 'Water quality data.
PB-269 502/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Demonstration of a Leachate Treatment Plant. In-
terim rept. Sep 76-Oct 77,
Applied Technology Associates, Philadelphia, Pa.
R. L. Steiner, J. E. Keenan, and A. A. Fungaroli. 1977,
74pEPA-SW-91d
Grant EPA-S-803926
This interim report presents the results of start-up and
operations experience during the first year of a demon-
stration grant project entitled 'Demonstration of a
Leachate Treatment Plant'. The plant is designed to
provide a variety of chemical/physical and biological
treatment sequence options. The chemical/physical
units include lime precipitation, sedimentation, air strip-
ping, neutralization and nutrient supplementation.
These treatment processes are designed to remove
heavy metals, ammonia and organic materials, and to
encourage subsequent biological treatment by reduc-
ing pH and adding the nutrient phosphorus, the bio-
logical treatment process is activated sludge. Treat-
ment of leachate from a lined sanitary landfill is accom-
plished in this facility to permit discharge to the Dela-
ware River.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Leaching, Earth fills, Ground water, Surface
waters, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Metals, Cost analy-
sis, Chemical properties, Decomposition, Ammonia,
Organic compounds, Activated sludge process, Sani-
tary engineering, Chemical composition, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
•Sanitary landfills, Heavy metals.
PB-269 504/7 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Studies of Circulation and Primary Production In
Deep Inlet Environments. Final rept. 1973-76,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Oceanography.
Donald F. Winter. Apr 77,110p EPA/600/3-77/049
Grant EPA-R-801320
This report summarizes the results of a three-year
grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
to investigate various aspects of circulation dynamics
and primary production in a deep inlet environment.
Throughout the course of the research, special atten-
tion has been given to Puget Sound, Washington, al-
though many of the findings are applicable to other
deep inlet waters. The several tasks undertaken during
the course of the project fall into three general catego-
ries: (1) Numerical modeling of gravitational convec-
tion and tidal motions in deep esturaries; (2) Hydraulic
model studies of tidal circulation patterns and dye dis-
persal characteristics in Puget Sound; and (3) Numeri-
cal modeling of primary production in a deep inlet (in
particular, the deep central basin of Puget Sound).
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Circulation, 'Primary biological
productivity, *lnlets(Waterways), • Puget sound, Math-
ematical models, Convection, Tidal currents, Hydraulic
models, Ocean tides, Algae, Plant growth. Nutrients,
Diffusion, Dyes, Brackish water, Dispersing,
Washington(State).
PB-269 S19/S PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Drinking Water and Health. Summary rept.
NationaTAcademy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
1977,100j>*
Contract EPA-68-01-3169
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (PL93-523) re-
quired the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency to arragne for a study that would serve as
a scientific basis for revising the primary drinking water
regulations that were promulgated under the Act. The
Study was conducted by the Safe Drinking Water Com-
mittee of the National Research Council. A thorough
study of the scientific literature was undertaken in
order to assess the implications for human health of
the constituents of drinking water in the United.States.
Assessment of the health benefits and the economic
or technological feasibility of achieving a given level of
contaminant control is outside the scope of the study,
although the beneficial effects of some constituents of
drinking water were considered. The risk to man of
contaminants ingested in drinking water was evaluated
on the basis of both epidemiological studies and stud-
ies of toxicity in laboratory animals.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Public health, Assess-
ments, Reviews, Recommendations,
Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation, Humans, United
States, Contaminants, Microorganisms, Radioactive
isotopes, Solutes, Health risks, Toxicity, Epidemiology,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Environmental
health, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, Public Law
93-523, Particulates, Appendices, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB-269 537/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Altus Reservoir, Greer and Klowa Counties, Okla-
homa. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77, 45p Working Paper-581
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Altus Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, "Water quality data, Greer County(Oklahoma),
Kiowa County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 538/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Trego County, Kansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77, 38p Working Paper-511
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cedar Bluff Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Trego County(Kansas).
PB-269 539/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Enviromental Research Lab., Oreg.
Elk City Reservoir, Montgomery County, Kansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr77,41pWorking Paper-513
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the year study of
the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Elk ^!'v Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Montgomery County(Kansas).
PB-269 540/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Eufaula, Haskel, Okmulgee, Mclntosh, and
Plttsburg Counties, Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77, 75p Working Paper-584
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Oklahoma Dept. of Pollution
Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma National
Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Eufaula, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Haskel County(Oklahoma),
Okmulgee County(Oklahoma), Mclntosh
County(Oklahoma), Pittsburg County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 545/0 PC A05/MF A01
Water Quality Investigation Related to Seafood
Processing Wastewater Discharges at Dutch
Harbor, Alaska, October 1975-October 1976. Work-
ing paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Anchorage, Alaska.
Alaska Operations Office.
R. Keith Stewart, and Daniel R. Tangarone. May 77,
84p EPA/910/8-77/100
Prepared by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, wash. Surveillance and Analysis Div.
Dutch Harbor, located on the Aleutian chain, has
become the second largest processing center of shell-
fish in Alaska. Because of the large volume of wastes
produced (two thirds of the total harvest weight proc-
essed) it was determined that information on the water
quality effects of waste discharges and the compliance
status of NP DES permits issued to seafood proces-
sors should be gathered. A brief one day study was
performed in October, 1975, and a more extensive
survey was conducted during October, 1976. Results
indicate generally lowered water quality conditions in-
cluding low dissolved oxygen concentrations near the
bottom, increased nutrient concentrations within the
bays, and decomposing sludge deposits of seafood
wastes. An appendix discusses waste disposal prac-
tices of crab processors at Unalaska and, Amaknak Is-
lands, Alaska.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Monitoring, 'Water
pollution, Clams, Food processing, Seafood, Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Conductivity, pH, Salinity,
Concentration(Composltion), Residues, Sediments,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Tabies(Data), Waste disposal,
Alaska, 'Dutch Harbor, 'Water quality data.
PB-269 547/6 PC A03/MF A01
Public Health Service, Ann Arbor, Mich. Div. of Air Pol-
lution.
Evaluation of Exhaust Emission from a Truck
During Road Route and Mode Cycle Operation.
Feasibility Study.
Ethyl Corp., Ferndale, Mich.
Jul66,29pGR-66-37
Contract PH-86-64-125
The basic objective of this feasibility study is to deter-
mine whether or not a truck operated on a mode cycle
desiqned to closely simulate actual city operation will
or will not give exhaust emissions that reasonably du-
plicate those obtained during the road operation of the
vehicle. The information obtained in this project shows
that this duplication of actual exhaust emission in road
route operation is feasible. The information obtained in
this study on one truck will provide data on which to
base the second phase of the overall survey of truck
and bus emission.
182 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor
trucks, Environmental surveys, Simulation, Feasibility,
Test facilities, Data acquisition, Urban areas, Evalua-
tion, Road tests.
PB-269 556/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Coal-
Fired Fluidlzed-Bed Combustion Systems. Prelimi-
nary rept. Sep 75-Jun 76,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Paul F. Fennelly, Donald F. Durocher, Hans Klemm,
and Robert R. Hall. May 77,150p GCA-TR-75-37-G,
EPA/600/7-77/054
Contract EPA-68-02-1316
The report evaluates potential pollutants which could
be generated in coal-fired fluidized-bed combustion
(FBC) processes. The primary emphasis is on organic
compounds, trace elements, inorganic compounds
(other than SO2 and Nox), and participates. Using
available bench scale or pilot plant data and/or simple
thermodynamics and empirical correlations with data
from other combustion systems, order of magnitude
estimates were made of the concentrations of various
elements and compounds in the flue gas, in the solid
waste, and in the water discharge.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed combustion, 'Environmental
impacts, 'Air pollution, Trace elements, Particles, Or-
ganic compounds, Inorganic compounds, Flue gases,
Coal, Solid waste disposal, Air pollution abatement, Air
pollution control, Participates.
PB-269 557/5 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Background Data Relating to New
Source Performance Standards for Lurgl Gasifica-
tion. Final rept. Sep 76-Feb 77,
Cameron Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colo.
J. E. Sinor. Jun 77,226p EPA/600/7-77/057
Contract EPA-68-02-2152
The report contains information on expected emis-
sions from a large coal gasification complex based on
Lurgi technology. Use of best available control tech-
nology was assumed and two different schemes for
sulfur removal were examined. The coal gasification
plant was divided into 15 sections: each section is dis-
cussed in a separate chapter. Areas were identified In
which projected emissions data were deemed inad-
equate for evaluation of environmental impact. Desir-
able information presently lacking in other areas is
summarized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Lurgi process,
'Coal gasification plants, Desulfurization, Industrial
water, Byproducts, Solid wastes, Organic acids, Meth-
anation, Technology, Flue gases, Flow charting,
Standards, New source performance standards, Air
pollution standards, Stationary sources.
PB-269 558/3 PC A07/MF A01
Emission Factors. Final rept.,
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Bureau of Engineering and Physical Sci-
ences.
Andrew H. Ross, Jr., and Walter D. Krostek. Jun 69,
13Bp
A method has been developed for the prediction of
gaseous pollutants emitted into the national environ-
ment from on-the-road gasoline powered vehicles.
The method involves two quantities, the emissions
emited per mile traveled, and the total mileage trav-
eled. Vehicular emissions characterized by engine
type and load under actual operating conditions. Five
vehicle types and two classes were used to define
characteristic vehicular emissions. Vehicle types were
automobile (auto) light duty truck (LOT), and three
weight classes of heavy duty trucks (HOT). The two
classes were urban and rural. The method allows com-
parison between the possible degrees of control,
methods of control, and implementation dates.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehicles, 'En-
vironmental surveys, 'Air pollution, Mathematical pre-
diction, Gasoline engines, Automobiles, Motor trucks,
Classifications, Urban areas, Rural areas, Methodolo-
gy, 'Emission factors.
PB-269 559/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Hydrocarbon and Oxidant Chemistry Observed at
a Site near St. Louis. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-30 Jun
76,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
R. A. Rasmussen, R. Chatfield, and M. Holdren. Jun
77,118p EPA/600/7-77/056
Contract EPA-68-02-2254
Integrated quantitative gas chromatographic meas-
urements of the nearly one hundred individual hydro-
carbons present in ambient air were made to deter-
nime the total non-methane organic burden at a mid-
west rural site in coordination with halocarbon, oxidant
and local meteorological variables in July and August
1975. Although the sample location was clearly rural, it
was only 100 km north of St. Louis, Missouri. Conse-
quently, four situations could be distinguished at this
site: clean rural air, transport from near urban areas,
transport from distant urban areas, and air-mass stag-
nation. In the later situation, the rural air was well
mixed on a regional scale with natural and anthropoge-
nic ozone precursors. Fluorocarbon-11 and meteoro-
logical data were used to identify and describe the four
situations and to interpret the observed concentrations
of hydrocarbons and oxidant resulting from local pho-
tochemistry and transport.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ozone, "Air pollution,
Sampling, Sites, Tables(Data), Atmospheric diffusion,
Urban areas, Photochemistry, Isotopic labeling, Halo-
gen organic compounds, Illinois,
Concentration(Composition), Oxidizers, Transport
properties, Plumes, Field tests, 'Glasgin(lllinois), 'Air
quality data.
PB-269 563/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Indian Creek Reservoir, Rapldes Parish, Louisi-
ana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,38p Working Paper-541
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nov., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Indian Creek Reservoir,
Water quality. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Louisiana, Eu-
trophication, 'water quality data, Rapides
Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 564/1
PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Fort Cobb Reservoir, Caddo County, Oklahoma.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77, 47p Working Paper-585
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nov., Oklahoma
Dipt, of Pollution Control, Oklahoma City, and Oklaho-
ma National Guard, Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fort Cobb Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oklahoma, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Caddo
County(Oklahoma).
PB-269 566/6 PC A05/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Div. of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control.
Methods of Computation of Data from Exhaust
Emission Surveillance Program. Final rept,
Ethyl Corp., Ferndale, Mich.
George W. Thomson. Jun 66,77p GR-66-27
Contract PH-86-88-2
This report discusses the handling of the experimental
data for each visit to each city during the surveillance
program. For each visit to each city, two repeat runs
are made on each of 10 cars of the same make without
an exhaust control device and on each of 10 different
cars of the same make with an exhaust control device.
Three makes of cars are tested; there are thus 120
separate runs for each visit to each city. The methods
and computer programs described are used to proc-
ess the separte runs and to prepare certain compari-
son tables.
Keywords: 'Data analysis, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution control, 'Automobiles, Computer programs,
Numerical analysis, Concentration(Composition),
TablesjData), Computer programming, Carbon mon-
oxide, Carbon dioxide, Comparisons, Air fuel ratio.
PB-269 567/4 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Science Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study. Point Source Emis-
sion Inventory. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Fred E. Littman, Robert W. Griscom, and Otto Klein.
Mar 77,354p EPA/600/4-77/014
Contract EPA-68-02-1081
See also PB-246 638.
Emission data from stationary point sources in the St.
Louis Interstate Air Quality Control Region were gath-
ered during 1975. Data for 'criteria' pollutants were ob-
tained on an hourly basis. Emissions from large
sources were based on hourly, measured values at
pertinent operating parameters. Those from smaller
sources, between 10 and 1000 tons per year, were
based on annual data modified by a detailed operating
pattern. Examples of the data are presented in the
report. The full set of data are available from the RAPS
Data Bank. An emission factor verification program
was initiated by testing typical sources using standard
EPA methods. Results indicate good agreement for
S02 values. Data for NOx and particulates originating
from combustion sources indicate that the existing fac-
tors are too high by variable but substantial amounts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sources, 'Inventories, Mis-
souri, Statistical data, Data acquisition, Diurnal vari-
ations, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Combustion
products, Particles, 'Saint Louis(Mlssouri), 'Point
sources, Stationary sources, Air quality control re-
gions, Emission factors.
PB-269 568/2 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Water Conservation and Pollution Control In Coal
Conversion Processes. Final rept. Jun 75-Dec 76,
Water Purification Associates, Cambridge, Mass.
D. J. Goldstein, and David Yung. Jun 77,486p EPA/
600/7-77-065
Contract EPA-68-03-2207
The report gives results of a study to determine water
consumption and environmental Impacts of coal con-
version processes In Western states. Part 1 gives brief
descriptions and process water requirements for nine
conversion processes. Detailed designs and analyses
are given for the Hygas, Synthane, and Solvent Re-
fined Coal (SRC) processes, and for Lurgi combined-
cycle power generation. At three proposed sites (In
North Dakota), New Mexico, and Wyoming), complete
water requirements and effluents, including all mining
and related off-site uses, are given for the power,
Hygas, and SRC plants. The Synthane process is ana-
lyzed only at the Wyoming site. Part 2 gives analyses
of influent and effluent waters, with examples for
study. For the three selected plants at the North
Dakota site, source water of good quality is assumed
to be cheap and available. For three plants in New
Mexico, source water will be available but Is brackish.
All the plants at the Wyoming site receive sewage from
a satellite town; additional fresh water is available but
December 1983 183
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Is assumed to be expensive. For each process at each
site (10 cases) an integrated water treatment plant
block flow diagram is given with approximate costs and
energy requirements.
Keywords: 'Water consumption, *Water pollution con-
trol, 'Goal, "Industrial waste treatment, Activated
sludge process, Design criteria, Water quality, Mining,
Electric power generation, Coal gasification, Boilers,
Burners, Plant location, Hydrogen sulflde, Carbon
dioxide, Coal preparation, Process charting, Water
analysis, Separation, Ammonia, Cooling systems,
Phenols, Extraction, Chemical analysis, Activated
carbon, Reverse osmosis, Ion exchanging, Evapora-
tion, Freezing, Oxidation, Lurgi process, Hygas proc-
ess, SRC process, Combined cycle electric power
generation, Synthane process, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Bigas process, Winkler process,
Synthoil process, Koppers - Totzek process, Western
Region(l)nited States).
PB-269 576/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Ambient Hydrocarbon and Ozone Concentrations
Near a Refinery, Lawrencevllle, Illinois • 1974.
Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
H. H. Westberg, K. J. Allwine, and E. Robinson. May
77,107p EPA/600/7-77/049
Contract EPA-68-02-1231
In the summer of 1974, a study was undertaken to es-
tablish the effect of refinery emissions on the air quality
of a region. The refinery studied was operated by
Texaco In Lawrenceville, Illinois. Air sampling was con-
ducted from a ground based trailer and from aircraft.
Results showed that the plume was readily detectable
as far as 25 miles downwind. No increase in ozone
was observed downwind of the refinery, porbably be-
cause of the low reactivity of the hydrocarbons (most
alkanes) and the very low levels of nitrogen oxides.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ozone, 'Refineries, Pe-
troleum industry, Concentration(Composition), Air pol-
lution, Sampling, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Sites, Aerial surveys, Plumes, Tables(Data),
Wind(Meteorology), Atmospheric motion, Illinois, 'Air
quality data, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Lawrenceville(lllinois), Path of pollutants.
PB-269 582/3 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors In Am-
bient Atmospheres. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Edo D. Pellizzan Jun 77,304p EPA/600/7-77/055
Contract EPA-68-02-1228
Analytical techniques and instrumentation, which had
been developed during the previous contract years,
were further evaluated for the collection and analysis
of carcinogenic and mutagenic vapors occurring in am-
bient air. The areas of investigation included (a) the de-
velopment of a permeation system for delivering pre-
cise quantities of organic vapors for calibrating instru-
ments, (b) the development of procedures for the
preparation of glass capillary columns for effecting the
resolution of complex atmospheric vapor mixtures, (c)
the characterization of organic vapor emissions from
preset controlled fires, (d) the survey of ambient air
samples taken at various sites around the continental
U.S. for the detection of N-nitrosoamines, (e) the iden-
tification and quantification of N-nitrosodimethyla-
mines in samples collected in Baltimore, MD and the
Kanawha Valley, WV, and (f) the characterization of
ambient air for hazardous and background pollutants
from several geographical areas within the continental
U.S.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Gas chromatography,
'Gas analysis, Public health, Air pollution, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Measuring instruments, Mass
spectroscopy, Tables(Data), Amines, Nitroso com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition) Sites, Field
tests, Data analysis, Laboratory equipment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Capillary tubes, "Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Air pollution detection, Toxic substances, Com-
puter aided analysis.
184 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-269 592/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Air Pollution Meteorology During the Houston
Urban Plume Study, July 1974. Final rept. 1 Jul 74-1
Jul 75,
INTERA Environmental Consultants Ltd., Houston,
Tex.
Gale F. Hoffnagle. Jul 77,66p EPA/600/3-77/073
Meteorological parameters were measured during an
EPA sponsored air sampling program from 15-24 July,
1974, in Houston, Texas. The data collected are pri-
marily surface anemometer data and pilot-balloon
soundings to 1830 meters above ground. These meas-
ured data, along with plots from the National Weather
Service, were used to provide an overall meteorologi-
cal analysis of conditions during the sampling program.
Because the air sampling was performed primarily
from a fixed-wind aircraft, emphasis was given to the
ambient environment aloft.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meteorological data,
'Urban areas, Wind velocity, Atmospheric sounding,
Temperature inversions, Fronts(Meteorology), Mete-
orological balloons, Radiosondes, Upper atmosphere,
Tables(Data), Texas, Houston(Texas).
PB-269 597/1 PC A09/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich. Mobile Source Air Pollution.
Relationship of Exhaust Emissions to Vehicle
Miles In Car Surveillance Program. Final rept.
Ethyl Corp., Ferndale, Mich.
Sep69,188pGR-69-12
Contract PHS-CPA-22-69-12
This report presents the results of a study aimed to
define the relationships between exhaust emissions
and accumulated vehicle mileage. The data used to
derive these relationships include those obtained
under the present contract, as well as some obtained
under an earlier contract. Studies were carried out on
Chevrolets, Fords, and Plymouths, during three visits
to five cities in 1967 on GSA vehicles with and without
control devices.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, 'Urban
areas, 'Environmental surveys, Control equipment,
Correlations, Data acquisition, Distance, Differences,
Regression analysis, Federal supply items, Vehicle
miles traveled.
PB-269 601/1 PC A03/MF A01
Guide to EPA Libraries.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Jul 77, 50p' EPA-LIB-77-02
The Guide provides the history of each of the 31 EPA
libraries and a description of its collection and serv-
ices, whether transferred from a predecessor agency
or established since the creation of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Libraries, 'Services, Information systems,
Documents, Books, Water quality, Air pollution,
Wastes, Indexes(Documentation).
PB-269 604/5 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Application of Numerical Classification In Ecologi-
cal Investigations of Water Pollution. Final rept.,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Donald F. Boesch. Mar 77,127p Special Scientlflc-77,
EPZ/600/3-77/033
Contract EPA-R-803599
Numerical classification encompasses a variety of
techniques for the grouping of entitles based on the re-
semblance of their attributes according to mathemat-
ically stated criteria. In ecology this usually Involves
classification of collections representing sites or sam-
pling periods, or classification of species. Classifica-
tion can thus simplify patterns of collection resem-
blance or species distribution patterns In an instructive
and efficient manner. Procedures of numerical clsslfl-
cation are thoroughly reviewed, including data manipu-
lations, computation of resemblance measures and
clustering methods. Agglomeratlve clustering methods
which distort spatial relationships and intensely cluster
are often most useful with ecological data. The useful-
ness of numerical classification ,„ demonstrated for
objective analysis of the data sets resulting from field
surveys and monitoring studies conducted for the as-
sessment of effects of pollution.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, Classifications,
Cluster sampling, Statistical quality control, Monitoring,
Surveys, Multivariate analysis, Indicator species, Spe-
cies diversity.
PB-269 605/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target
Species,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Entomology and
Limnology.
David Pimentel. Jun 71,225p EPA/540/9-71-006-
(OS/T)
This report was done In 1971 when there was no single
source of data on the environmental effects of pesti-
cides. It Is a comprehensive compilation of published
data. The judgments on what to Include and what not
to include are those of the author, though many Individ-
uals In the Federal government offered suggestions
and critical review during Its preparation. It Is published
by the Office of Science and Technology as received
from the author In the belief that it will be a very useful
contribution to the public discussion of pesticides. The
report contains Information on an extensive number of
insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Ecology, 'Environmental Im-
pacts, Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Damage,
Mammals, Birds, Fishes, Amphibia, Mollusca, Arthro-
poda, Annelida, Plants(Botany), Microorganisms,
Concentration(Composltion), Food chains.
PB-269 652/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Trace Analysis of Arsenic by Colorlmetry, Atomic
Absorption, and Polarography. Technical rept. FY
76,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
Lyman H. Howe. Apr 77,45p* TVA-E-EP-77-3, EPA/
600/7-77/036
A differential pulse polarographic method was devel-
oped for determining total arsenic concentrations in
water samples from ash ponds at steam-electric gen-
erating plants. After digestion of the sample and isola-
tion of arsenic by solvent extraction, the peak current
for arsenic is measured and compared to a standard
curve. The effective range of concentrations for this
method is from 2 to 50 ug/l of arsenic. The precision
and accuracy of this polarographic method for deter-
mining concentrations of arsenic in water samples
were compared to two standard methods, atomic ab-
sorption and colorimetry, for observations on replicate
analyses of pure standard solutions, split samples
from ash ponds, standard reference samples, and
standard solutions spiked with potentially interfering
elements. The three methods compared favorably for
the split samples; however, results of the colormetric
method for the replicate analyses were slightly nega-
tively biased.
Keywords: "Trace elements, 'Arsenic, 'Water analy-
sis, 'Polarographic analysis, Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Colorimetric analy-
sis, Atomic spectrum, Comparisons, Industrial wastes,
Electric power plants, Coal, Ash contents, "Water pol-
lution detection, "Steam power plants.
PB-269 653/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Review of Laser Raman and Fluorescence Tech-
niques for Practical Combustion Diagnostics. Final
rept. on Task 1, Oct 76-Mar 77,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
Conn.
A. C. Eckbreth, P. A. Bonczyk, and J. F. Verdieck. Jun
77,175p* EPA/600/7-77/066
Contract EPA-68-02-2176
The report gives results of a detailed examination of
four techniques for practical combustion diagnostics:
spontaneous and near-resonant Raman scattering,
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
laser fluorescence, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman
scattering (CARS). For diagnosis of highly luminous,
particle-laden flames (e.g., in hydrocarbon-fueled pri-
mary combustion zones), spontaneous and near-reso-
nant Raman scattering appear to possess a low prob-
ability for successful application, even with advanced
state-of-the-art laser sources. However, for clean
flame diagnostic or probing or environments with
modest participate levels (e.g., some secondary com-
bustion and exhaust/plume regions), spontaneous
Raman scattering is very attractive due to its simplicity,
high level of understanding, and advanced state of de-
velopment. Laser fluorescence appears capable of
species concentration measurements to 10's of ppm
tor selected molecules whose absorptions can be
saturated. In this way, fluorescence magnitudes do not
depend on quenching effects. CARS appears to be ca-
pable of sucessful thermometry and majority constitu-
ent measurements in practical flame environments, al-
though some jeopardies need to be experimentally in-
vestigated. Potential detectivities in the 10-100 ppm
range may be possible using sophisticated variants of
the CARS technique.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Flames, Fluorescence,
Lasers, Raman spectroscopy, Particles, Elastic scat-
tering, Inelastic scattering, Plumes, Molecular energy
levels, Excitation, Air pollution, Numerical analysis,
Light scattering, Concentration(Composltion), 'Laser
induced fluorescence, 'Laser raman spectroscopy,
'Air pollution detection.
PB-269 654/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Anatysl* of Organic Air Pollutant* by Qa* Chro-
matography and Mass Spectroscopy. Interim rept,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Edo D. PelllzzarT Jun 77,116p EPA/600/2-77/100
Contract EPA-68-02-2262
Analytical methodology based on capillary gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry/computer, was de-
veloped for the collection and analysis of urban organ-
ic pollutants. The areas of investigation included: (a)
the preparation and evaluation of glass capillary col-
umns for pollution analysis, (b) the development of
methodology for quantitative analysis of ambient air
pollutants, and (c) the identification and quantification
of organic pollutants in ambient air from several geo-
graphical locations within the continental U.S.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds, 'Gas
chromatography, 'Mass spectroscopy, Chemical anal-
ysis, Air pollution, Urban area, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Methodology,
Experiments, 'Air pollution detection, 'Computer
aided analysis, Capillary gas chromatography, Proce-
dures.
PB-269 666/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
HP-25 Programmable Pocket Calculator Applied
to Air Pollution Measurement Studies: Stationary
Sources. Final rept. Dec 76-Apr 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
James W. Ragland, Kenneth M. Gushing, Joseph D.
McCain, and Wallace B. Smith. Jun 77,129p* SORI-
EAS-77-329, EPA/600/7-77/058
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report should be useful to persons concerned with
Air Pollution Measurement Studies of Stationary Indus-
trial Sources. It gives detailed descriptions of 22 sepa-
rate programs, written specifically for the Hewlett
Packard Model HP-2S manually programmable pocket
calculator. Each program includes a general descrip-
tion, formulas used In the problem solution, program
listings, uaer Instructions, and numerical examples.
Area* covered include: Methods 1 through 8 of the
EPA Test Codes (Federal Register, December 23,
1971), calibrating a flame photometric detector by the
permeation tube technique, determining channel con-
centrations for a droplet measuring device, resistivity
and electric field strength measurements, determining
•tack velocity, nozzle diameter, and Isoklnetlc delta H
for a high-volume stack sampler, and several cascade
impactor programs. Cascade impactor programs In-
clude: determining impactor stage cut points, calculat-
ing the square root of the Stokes number for round Jet
«nd for rectangular slot geometries, nozzle selection
and determining delta H for Isoklnetlc sampling, deter-
mining sampling time required to collect 50 mg total
sample, determining impactor flow rate, sample
volume, and mass loading, and calculating cumulative
concentration curves and their differentials.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Measurement, 'Computer
programming, Sampling, Flame photometry, Flue
gases, Gas analysis, Gas dynamics, Statistical analy-
sis, Computation, 'HP 25 programmable calculators.
PB-269 667/2 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Methods Used to Estimate Air Pollutant Emissions
1974, 1980, 1985, and 2000 - New Jersey - New
York - Connecticut Air Quality Control Region.
Final method rept.,
Tri-State Regional Planning Commission, New York.
Jocelyn M. Bishop, Paul M. Nutkowitz, and Hall
Winslow. May 77,237p R-572, EPA/902/4-77/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2096
An explanation is given of methods, procedures and
data inputs used in calculating air pollutant emissions
for subsequent dispersion modelling. Information is ar-
ranged by area sources and point sources, for state
portions and New York City. The report shows data de-
ficiencies and modifications of methods necessary in
an 8500-sq.mi. 3-state region. It demonstrates how the
extensive land use and transportation planning re-
sources of an interstate metropolitan planning agency
can be used in estimating emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data acquisition, 'Regional
planning, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Esti-
mating, Computation, Methodology, Input, Models,
Dispersions, Sources, Metropolitan areas, Mathemat-
ical prediction, Land use, Transportation, Air quality
control regions, Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-269 678/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Air
Pollution Control Office.
Field Demonstration of General Motor* Environ-
mental Improvement Proposal (EIP) - A Retrofit
Kit for QMC City BUM*. Interim rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex. Vehicle
Emissions Research Lab.
Karl J. Springer. Jun 71,159p
Contract PH-22-68-23
Three GM city buses have been equipped with the GM
Truck and Coach Environmental Improvement Propos-
al retrofit kit and operated approximately 25,000 miles.
Noise tests were made before and after kit installation.
With regard to odor, smoke, and other tailpipe emis-
sions, the Low Sac Needle injectors were found to give
consistently and substantially lower smoke, odor, HC,
CO and oxygenates during this initial 25,000-mlle-test
period. The catalytic muffler, one item included in the
EIP kit, was found to be largely ineffective In reducing
emissions. The vertical stack has the effect of making
odor and noise less noticeable to the man-ln-the
street, but may make smoke more visible. These find-
ings are in agreement with component studies con-
ducted during the past 2 years with the catalytic muf-
fler and improved injectors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Odor control,
'Smoke, 'Buses, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Field tests, Cost analysis,
Tables(Data), Sampling, Concentration(Composltion),
Performance evaluation, 'Noise pollution, 'Retrofit
devices.
PB-269 698/7 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Procedure* Manual tor Electrostatic Preclpltator
Evaluation. Final rept. Nov 76-Mar 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Wallace B. Smith, Kenneth M. Gushing, and Joseph D.
McCain. Jun 77,432p* SORI-EAS-77-335, EPA/600/
7-77/059
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The purpose of this procedures manual is to describe
methods to be used in experimentally characterizing
the performance of electrostatic preclpltators for pollu-
tion control. A detailed description of the mechanical
and electrical characteristics of preclpltators is given.
Procedures are described for measuring the particle
size distribution, the mass concentration of paniculate
matter, and the concentrations of major gaseous com-
ponents of the flue gas-aerosol mixture. Procedures
are also given for measuring the electrical resistivity of
the dust. A concise discussion and outline is presented
which describes the development of a test plan for the
evaluation of a precipitator. By following this outline
useful tests may be performed which range in com-
plexity from qualitative and relatively inexpensive to
rather elaborate research programs.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Air
pollution control equipment, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Particle size distribution,
Concentration(Composition), Mass, Aerosols, Parti-
cles, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Data
analysis, Numerical analysis, Resistance, Standards,
Regulations, Stationary sources, Air pollution detec-
tion, Air pollution sampling, Procedures.
PB-269 749/8 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Coats and National Noise Impact of Feasible Solu-
tion Set* for Reduction of Airport Noise,
Wyle Labs., El Segundo, Calif.
H. G. Melndl, L. C. Sutherland, H. Spiro, C. Bartel, and
D. Pies. Feb 76,278p* WR-75-9, EPA-230/3-77/017
Contract EPA-68-01 -2836
The purpose of this study was to determine the effec-
tiveness and costs associated with feasible solution al-
ternatives for the reduction of cumulative noise impact
from airport and aircraft operations. Results of the
analysis will be used in a separate study for assessing
economic impact under a variety of financing schemes
and at different levels of noise reduction in support of
the proposed airport noise regulatory program initiated
under the Noise Control Act of 1972. Solution sets
considered encompass aeronautical alternatives,
operational alternatives, and receiver alternatives.
Specific costs, In terms of 1975 dollars, are given for
the aeronautical and receiver alternatives. Except for
the 6 degrees/3 degrees approach, the operational al-
ternatives are treated as zero cost options for this
study. Source noise and operational noise reduction
methods were tested against individual civil air carrier
airports and airport models derived from representa-
tive airport samples for current and future time periods.
Future aircraft fleet projections considered new trends
Indicated by the current energy shortage; evaluation of
people Impacted in the future allowed Tor a fixed popu-
laton growth around all airport environs. Effectiveness
of the various noise reduction methods was evaluated
in terms of noise impact area, populaton, and land and
housing value data determined tor individual airports,
three representative airport categories, and 514 air
carrier airports. All noise impact results were calculat-
ed In terms of Ldn levels and Noise Units. These data,
in conjunction with cost factors associated with the
various noise reduction schemes, provide the param-
eters by which on economic impact assessment can
be conducted. The noise impact of over 6600 general
aviation airports in the U.S. was estimated in a similar
but less comprehensive manner.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Aircraft noise, 'Noise reduction,
Urban areas, Noise pollution, Acoustic measurement,
Cost analysis, Flight paths, 'Noise levels, 'Noise
impact, General aviation aircraft, 'Noise abatement,
'Noise exposure.
PB-269 782/9 PC A11/MF A01
Result* of Investigations, T. E. Max*on WTP
(Wa*t*water Treatment Plant) and Significant In-
dustrial Contributor*, Memphis, Tennessee. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Dlv.
Mar 77,246p EPA/904/9-77/005
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Region IV Surveillance and Analysis Division, Water
Surveillance and Ecology branches, conducted a case
preparation study of the T, E. Maxson Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WTP) and its contiguous sewerage
system in Memphis, Tennessee during October 1976.
The study included an operation and maintenance In-
vestigation of the plant, bloassay toxicity studies of the
plant influent and effluent, and waste characterization
studies of significant industrial wastewater contributors
to the collection system. The study was specifically re-
quested by the EPA Region IV Enforcement Division.
The main objectives of The study were to: Determine
the capacity of the WTP to treat present and projected
December 1983 185
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waste loads within the limits imposed by the current
NPDES permit; Characterize significant waste sources
currently discharging into the collection system; and
verify data to be provided by the City's consultant, re-
sulting from a Show Cause Hearing. This report pre-
sents the results of these studies.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Surveys, Water pollution control, Bioassay,
Toxicity, Sampling, Maintenance, Process charting,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Sampling,
Concentration(Compositipn), fables(Data), Tennes-
see, Procedures, Memphis(Tennessee).
PB-269 791/0 PCA17/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Mobile Source Pollution Control Program.
Field Demonstration of General Motors Environ-
mental Improvement Proposal (EIP) - A Retrofit
Kit for GMC City Buses. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex. Vehicle
Emissions Research Lab.
Karl J. Springer. Dec 72, 388p SwRI-AR-862
Contract PH-22-68-23
This report describes the results of a two year test of 3
GM city buses installed with the Environmental Im-
provement Program kit. Inspections were made at the
beginning, after 5,10,16 and 24 months of routine city
bus operation by the San Antonio Transit System.
Keywords: * Air pollution abatement, *Buses(Vehicles),
"Urban areas, Air pollution control, Modification kits,
Texas, Injectors, Experimental data, Exhaust emis-
sions, Odor control, Smoke, Performance evaluation,
Tests, Retrofitting, San Antonio(Texas).
PB-269 806/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Div. of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control.
Surveillance Study of Control Equipped Heavy-
Duty Gasoline Powered Vehicles. Interim rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex. Vehicle
Emissions Research Lab.
Melvin N. Ingalls, and Karl J. Springer. Oct 72,340p
Contract EPA-70-113
This interim report covers the results of the first year of
exhaust emission tests on a group of 152 heavy-duty
gasoline fueled 1970 and 1971 model year vehicles.
Each of the trucks were tested at four month intervals
using a chassis version of the heavy-duty gasoline
nine-mode Federal Test Procedure. An additional
group of ten truck engines were tested on both a sta-
tionary engine dynamometer as prescribed by the FTP
and on a chassis dynamometer to determine the corre-
lation between the 2 test methods. The first objective
of the project, to determine the effectiveness of ex-
haust emission controls on new 1970 and 1971 trucks
in actual operation, has been met. The results of the
initial round of tests indicate that a majority of the
trucks were within the 1970 Federal standards for HC
emissions and that less than half were within the
standards for CO emissions.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollu-
tion, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Dynamo-
meters, Test engines, Data analysis, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), Sampling, Gasoline,
Concentration(Composition), "Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-269 828/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Transport of Oxldant Beyon Urban Area*.
Data Analyses and Predictive Models for the
Southern New England Study, 197S. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Chester W. Spicer, James L. Gemma, and Philip R.
Sticksel. May 77,114p EPA/600/3-77/041
Contract EPA-68-02-2241
The objective of this study has been to use data col-
lected during the 1975 Northeast Oxidant Study to de-
termine the cause of high ozone concentrations in the
Connecticut River Valley and to develop a method for
predicting ozone levels that can be expected in south-
ern New^ngland under various meteorological condi-
tions. During the summer months, the prevailing south-
westerly winds place the valley directly downwind of
the New York/New Jersey/southwestern Connecticut
urban complex (and on some days the Philadelphia
and Washington/Baltimore areas). The ozonj formed
from the urban emissions (i.e., the urban plume) was
observed on many case study days to move into Con-
necticut from the southwest in early afternoon, cross
the Connecticut River Valley, and continue into Massa-
chusetts during the evening. In one case an 03-rich air
mass was tracked as far north as the coast of Maine.
The dimensions of the urban plumes on several days
were found to vary from 30-80 miles in width and 100-
75 miles in length, seemingly depending on wind
speed. Several methods of predicting ozone in south-
ern New England were investigated including regres-
sion integrals, simple regression and multiple regres-
sions.
Keywords: "New England, "Ozone, "Air pollution, "At-
mospheric diffusion, "Mathematical models, "Data
analyses, Urban areas, Transport properties, Numeri-
cal analysis, Statistical analysis, Regression analysis,
Meteorology, Concentration(Composition), Predic-
tions, Connecticut River Valley.
PB-269 836/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Fall River Reservoir, Greenwood County, Kansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77, 40p Working Paper-514
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Fall River Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Greenwood
County(Kansas).
PB-269 837/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Wilson Reservoir, Russell County, Kansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,42p Working Paper-525
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and tota nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Wilson Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kansas, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Russell County(Kansas).
PB-269 838/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab,, Oreg.
Kanopolls Reservoir, Ellsworth County, Kansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,46p Working Paper-516
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Kanopolis Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Ellsworth
County(Kansas).
PB-269 839/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Bundlck Lake, Beauregard Parish, Louisiana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Mar 77,47p Working Paper-533
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries
Commission, New Orleans, and Louisiana National
Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Bundick Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Beauregard Parish(Louisiana).
PB-269 841/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Melvern Reservoir, Osage County, Kansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,41 p Working Paper-518
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Melvern Reservoir,
Water quality. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Osage County(Kansas).
PB-269 842/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Perry Reservoir, Jefferson County, Kansas. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,52p Working Paper-521
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Perry Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kansas, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Jefferson County(Kansas).
PB-269 843/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Tally Lake, Flathead County, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,36p Working Paper-801
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
186 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tally Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Montana, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Flathead County(Montana).
PB-269 844/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Council Grove Reservoir, Morris County, Kansas.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,47p Working Paper-512
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Council Grove Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Morris County(Kansas).
PB-269 845/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
John Redmond Reservoir, Coffey and Lyon Coun-
ties, Kansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,50p Working Paper-515
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Oept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'John Redmond Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Kansas, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Coffey County(Kansas),
Lyon County(Kansas).
PB-269 846/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Clark Canyon Rasarvolr, Beaverhead County,
Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,38p Working Paper-791
Prepared in cooperation with Environment Monioring
end Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Clark Canyon Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Montana, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Beaverhead
County(Montana).
PB-269 850/4 PC A04/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
TVA's 1-MW Pilot Plant: Final Report on High-Ve-
locity Scrubbing and Vertical Duct Mist Elimina-
tion. Report for Jan-Sep 76,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power Re-
search Staff.
G. A. Holliden, R. F. Robards, N. D. Moore, T. M.
Kelso, and R. M. Cole. Mar 77, 58p PRS-19, EPA/600/
7-77/019
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Office of Agricultural and
Chemical Development.
The report describes the systematic test program that
led to the development of washing techniques that
maintain continuous mist eliminator performance for
lime/limestone closed-loop scrubbing systems. TVA
recently demonstrated the techniques at its 1-MW pilot
plant at the Colbert Power Plant. The report also de-
scribes high-velocity scrubbing tests performed in con-
junction with the mist eliminator tests. Continuous op-
eration of the chevron mist eliminator, positioned hori-
zontally in a vertical duct, in the limestone system was
maintained (after extensive testing at 12.6 ft/sec) by
washing the bottom of the mist eliminator intermittently
with all the available clarified liquor, immediately fol-
lowed by an allocated amount of makeup water. The
top of the mist eliminator was washed intermittently
with the remaining allocation of allowable makeup
water. At a gas velocity of 16 ft/sec, the scrubber op-
erated more efficiently and mist eliminator perform-
ance was improved. Continuous mist eliminator per-
formance in the lime system was maintained at 12.5
and 16 ft/sec by washing the bottom of the mist elimi-
nator intermittently with an allocated amount of allow-
able makeup water. The remainder of the allocated
makeup water was used to intermittently wash the top
of the mist eliminator.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Electric power plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, Pilot
plants, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Proc-
ess charting, Calcium oxides, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Closed-loop
scrubbing systems, 'Mist eliminators.
PB-269 856/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Mllford Rasarvolr, Clay and Geary Counties,
Kansas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 77,52p Working Paper-519
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kansas Dept.
of Health and Environment, Topeka, and Kansas Na-
tional Guard, Topeka.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Milford Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kansas, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Clay County (Kansas), Geary
County(Kansas).
PB-269 858/7 PC A04/MF A01
Etf act of Selected Paramattrs on Predictions of a
Photochemical Modal,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Marcia C. Dodge. Jun 77,53p EPA/600/3-77/048
A sensitivity study was undertaken to assess the effect
of selected parameters on the predictions of a photo-
chemical kinetics model. The model was previously
developed for use in designing control requirements
for ozone reduction In urban areas. The parameters
varied in the present study included (1) solar energy,
(2) dilution rate, (3) post 9-A.M. emissions, and (4) hy-
drocarbon composition of 6-9 A.M. emissions. Based
on the results of the simulations for each of these pa-
rameters, 03 isopieths as a function of Initial non-
methane hydrocarbon and NOx were constructed. A
comparison of the degree of hydrocarbon control pre-
dicted to achieve the air quality standard tor O3 was
made for each set of isopieths. It was found that the
predictions of the model are largely insensitive to the
parameters investigated when the results of the simu-
lations are interpreted in a relative sense.
Keywords: "Phptochemistry, "Mathematical models,
'Reaction kinetics, "Air pollution, 'Computerized sim-
ulation, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Ozone, Hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides, Solar energy, Atmospheric
models, Concentration(Composition), Chemical com-
position, Luminous intensity, Nomographs, Smog, Test
chambers.
PB-269 861/1 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Evaluation of a Carbon Adsorption/Incineration
Control System for Auto Assembly Plants. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
E. C. Cavanaugh, G. M. Clancy, and R. G. Wetherold.
25 May 76,132p RAD-TN-200-045-46, EPA-909/9-76-
002
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The carbon adsorption/incineration system appears,
in general, to be technically feasible and applicable for
the control of hydrocarbon emissions from auto as-
sembly plant paint spray booths and paint baking
ovens. The solvent removal costs are in the ranges of
$1020 - 1600/ton for paint spray booth emissions and
$540 - 1380/ton for paint baking ovens. These costs
are cornputed for effluent air streams containing aver-
ages of 50 ppm and 300 ppm by volume of toluene for
paint spray booths and bake ovens, respectively. The
costs were based on the equipment and operating ex-
penses for a battery limits plant only. The cost of off-
site facilities, which can be substantial, are not includ-
ed in the solvent removal costs.
Keywords: 'Paints, "Automotive industry, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Incineration, 'Carbon, Adsorption, Cost
analysis, Design criteria, Process charting, Organic
solvents, Plant location, Operating costs, Industrial
wastes, Coatings, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB-269 863/7 PC A09/MF A01
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Effects of Coal Development In the Northern
Great Plains. A Review of Major Isauaa and Con-
sequences at Different Rates of Development.
Northern Great Plains Resources Program, Denver,
Colo.
Apr 75,177p*
Sponsored In part by Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D.C., Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C., and Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C.
The report is a summary of information received from
seven work groups comprised of representatives from
Federal and state agencies, private industry, and other
public and private entities. The purpose of the report is
to provide information that will be useful in developing
a perspective of the Issues and consequences ot ex-
panded development of coal in the region. The report-
ed studies are expected to be helpfufln the decision-
making processes of Individuals; Federal, State, and
local governments; industry; and other public and pri-
vate groups.
Keywords: "Energy source development, 'Coal
mining, Energy sources, Energy policy, Marketing,
Land use, Environmental Impacts, Social effect, Eco-
nomic Impact, Employment, Manpower, Population
growth, water pollution, Water quality, Water re-
sources, Water supply, Ecology, Air pollution, National
government, State government, "Northern Great
Plains Reglon(Unlted States).
PB-269 877/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry
Branch.
Oxldant-Precursor Relationships During Pollutant
Transport Conditions. An Outdoor Smog Chamber
Study. Final rept. May 74-Nov 75,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Systems and Measurements Dtv.
L. A. Rlpperton, J. E. Sickles, II, and W. C. Eaton. Nov
76,223p EPA/800/3-76/107
Contract EPA-68-02-1296
December 1983 187
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The formation of ozone under simulated conditions of
pollutant transport was studied in a group of four 27-
cublc-meter outdoor smog chambers. The chambers
were constructed of 5 mil FEP Teflon on aluminum
frames. The initial charges in the smog chambers were
irradiated for three days by natural sunlight. Simulation
of transport was accomplished by progressively dilut-
ing the contents of the chambers with clean air. The
analogy between the chemical behavior of chamber
simulations and nonurban high-ozone (i.e., 0.08 ppm)
systems in the field was goodTOn the second and third
days, the initial charges in the chambers generated
ozone concentrations greater than the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standard for photochemical oxidant
(0.08 ppm). The initial charge of nonmethane hydro-
carbon (NMHC) ranged from 1.0 to 10.0 ppmC; nitro-
gen oxides (NOx) ranged from 0.100 to 1.000 ppm.
Therefore, initial ratos of NMHC/NOx varied from 7 to
20. On the second and third days in the chambers,
concentrations of NOx ranged from 0.001 to 0.053
ppm; NMHC ranged from 0.33 to 3,78 ppmC. The re-
sulting NMHC/NOx ratios varied from 16 to 610. This
report was submitted In fulfillment of EPA contract 68-
02-1296 (43U-994, RTI Contract Number) by the Re-
search Triangle Institute under the sponsorship of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Ozone. 'Nitrogen oxides,
"Smog, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Photochemistry, Test cham-
bers, Concentration(Composition), Transport proper-
ties, Design criteria, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Laboratory equipment, Experiments, Tables(Data),
Graphic methods, Field tests, Comparisons, Oxidizers,
Performance evaluation.
PB-269 884/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Economic Analysis of Vapor Recovery Systems
on Small Bulk Plants. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
R. J. Bryan, W. Jacobson, A. Kokin, R. Sakaida, and M.
M. Yamada. Sep 76,105p EPA/340/1-77/013
Contract EPA-68-01-3156
This study was conducted to provide economic data
and analysis to aid the Environmental Protection
Agency in assessing the feasibility and reasonable ap-
plicability of vapor recovery systems (particularly
bottom-loading) on bulk plants. Other factors which
should be used In assessing feasibility and reasonable
applicability may be mentioned In this report but are
not fully analyzed.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Assessments, 'Air
pollution control, 'Gasoline, 'Materials recovery,
Feasibility, Regulations, Operating costs, Hydrocar-
bons, Vapor phase, Petroleum products, torage tanks,
Automobiles, Equipment, Forecasting, Cargo transpor-
tation, 'Fugitive emissions, Gas stations.
PB-269 885/0 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Demonstration of Wellman-Lord/Allied Chemical
FQD Technology: Boiler Operating Characteris-
tics. Final rept. May 74-Jan 76,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, Va.
R. C. Adams, T. E. Eggleston, J.I. Haslbeck, R. C.
Jordan, and Ellen Pulaskl. Feb 77,268p EPA/600/7-
77/014
Contracts EPA-68-02-0235, EPA-68-02-1877
The report gives results of an intensive examination
and characterization of a coal-fired boiler prior to retro-
fit of a full scale flue gas desurfurization (FGD) unit em-
ploying the Wellman-Lord/Allied process. The test es-
tablished a baseline profile of the boiler for later com-
parison both with design and operating conditions of
other boilers for which the Wellman-Lord/Allied proc-
ess Is potentially applicable, and with operating per-
formance after retrofit of the FGO unit. It also estab-
lished a baseline profile during operation of the boiler
at conditions other than normal which have the poten-
tial for affecting theperformance of the Wellman-Lord/
Allied FGD unit. Boiler operating performance was ex-
amined for its economic performance, overall energy
balance, and the performance of auxiliaries. Detailed
profiles of the flue gas at the proposed boiter/FGD unit
Interface were determined at varying boiler control set-
tings Including operation at below normal sulfur, higher
than normal flue gas volumes, and higher than normal
grain loadings. The tests were performed on Boiler No.
11 of Northern Indiana Public Service Company's
Mitchell Power Station.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Coal, Sulfur, Flue gases, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Performance evaluation, Energy con-
sumption, Particles, Design criteria, Tables(Data),
Electrostatic precipitators, "Wellman process, Retrofit-
ting.
PB-269 902/3 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Antimony, Arsenic, Berylli-
um, Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, Silver and Telluri-
um In Environmental Water Samples by Flameless
Atomic Absorption. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Central
Regional Lab.
5 Jan 77,16p EPA/905/4-77/002
Report on Analytical Method, Procedure and Evalua-
tion Relative to the Referee Method Submitted for Ap-
proved Use in the National Pollution Discharge Elimi-
nation System (NPDES) as Specified by the October
16,1973 Federal Register.
Analytical procedures for measuring concentrations of
the title metals in environmental samples are de-
scribed. Results obtained using the flameless atomic
absorption procedures are compared to data obtained
using the referee method as defined in the October 16,
1973, Federal Register. It is concluded that the flame-
less atomic absorption methods are equivalent or su-
perior to the referee procedure for these metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Water analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Atomic spectra, Antimony, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadium,
Lead(Metal), Selenium, Silver, Tables(Data), Industrial
wastes, Tellium, Absorption, Comparison, Samples,
Potable water, 'Flameless atomic absorption analysis,
•Referee method, 'Water pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB-269 903/1 PC A04/MF A01
Detergent Phosphate Ban. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Donald A. Wallgren. Jun 77, 66p EPA/905/2-77/003
The report proposes that steps be taken immediately
to reduce the rate of eutrophication of lake waters and
streams in the Great Lakes Basin. Reducing the limit-
ing nutrient phosphorus input appears to be the soun-
dest measure toward reducing this rate and with
present technology, the only readily controllable
source of phosphorus input is sewage effluent. While
treatment plants will remove phosphorus, they have
not met design expectations consistently and in many
cases, construction has lagged because of lack of
funds. An immediate phosphorus reduction would be
realized if phosphorus were banned in detergents. This
Is now economically and technically feasible and prac-
tical based on actual experience in areas where bans
have been in effect. Substitutes for phosphorus are
available that are safe and environmentally more ac-
ceptable. Therefore, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Region V, is now recommending that deter-
gent phosphorus bans be adopted in all the states in
the Great Lakes Basin.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Detergents,
'Regulations, 'Great Lakes basin, Phosphorus inor-
ganic compounds, Government policies, Lakes, River
basins, Great Lakes, Nutrients, State government,
Recommendations, Regions, Feasibility, Eutrophica-
tion, Bans.
PB-269 904/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Dual Alkali Test and Evaluation Program. Volume
I. Executive Summary. Final rept. May 73-Apr 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
C. R. LaMantia, R. R. Lunt, J. E Oberholtzer, E. L.
Field, and J. R. Valentine. May 77,45p EPA/600/7-
77/050a
Contract EPA-68-02-1071
Volume I of the report is an executive summary of the
results of a three-task program to investigate, charac-
terize, and evaluate the basic process chemistry and
the various operating modes of sodium-based dual
alkali scrubbing processes. The tasks were: I, labora-
tory studies at both Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL) and
IERL-RTP; II, pilot plant operations in a 1200 scfm
system at ADL; and III, a prototype test program on a
20 MW dual alkali system at Plant Scholz. Dual alkali
system operating modes on high and low sulfur fuel
applications investigated included: concentrated and
dilute dual alkali systems, lime and limestone regen-
eration, and slipstream sulfate treatment schemes. For
each mode, the dual alkali process was characterized
in terms of S02 removal, chemical consumption, oxi-
dation, sulfate precipitation and control, waste solids
characteristics, and soluble solids losses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, Experiments, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Scrubbers, Pilot plants, Calcium oxides, Sulfu-
ric acid, Oxidation, Process charting, Design criteria.
Performance evaluation, Particles, Sulfates, Sodium,
'Alkaline scrubbing, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Dual
alkali scrubbing.
PB-269 907/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Model Inputs and Area Source Emission Esti-
mates for Phoenix and Tucson. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
George E. Umlaut, and Allan Kokin. Sep 75,70p
Contract EPA-68-02-1378
The principal objective of this project was to develop
area source emission estimates for metropolitan Phoe-
nix and Tucson, Arizona, with regard to carbon monox-
ide and hydrocarbons. The emission estimates were
derived from both stationary and mobile source infor-
mation, with the latter being based primarily upon
motor vehicle traffic data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regional planning, 'Data
acquisition, Arizona, Estimates, Sources, Combustion
products, Exhaust emissions, Carbon monoxide, Hy-
drocarbons, Metropolitan areas, Inventories, Models,
Computer programming, National emissions data
system, Air quality maintenance, *Phoenix(Arlzona),
'Tucson(Arizona).
PB-269 912/2 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air Programs.
The Formation of Nitric Oxide In Diffusion Flame*.
Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Eno>
Arjun Dev Tuteia. 7 Oct 72,243p
Grant EPA-R-801339
The purpose of this work has been to investigate the
processes leading to the formation of nitric oxide In a
vertical, co-axial, atmospheric pressure, methane-air
diffusion flame burner; which models many of the
physio-chemical processes occurring In combustion
systems using fuel sprays, for example dlesel engines,
and gas turbines. Experimentally, radial concentration
profiles of nitric oxide have been determined in this
burner at prescribed axial locations. Major conclu-
sions: Nitric oxide is formed in diffusion flames In the
high temperature zone and diffuses towards both the
fuel-rich and oxidant-rich regions; the nitric oxide con-
centration profiles can be adequately predicted by
using the Zeldovlch mechanism In conjunction with
equilibrium relations between the atomic and molecu-
that the flame structure can be properly establisl
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxlde(NO), 'Diffusion flames,
'Reaction kinetics, Exhaust gases,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Mathematical models,
Exhaust emissions, Burners, Sampling, Experiments,
Numerical analysis, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Laboratory equipment, Air fuel ratio.
PB-269 929/6 PC A02/MF A01
Molecular Spectral Interference In the Determina-
tion of Arsenic by Furnace Atomic Absorption.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. E. Poldoskl. 1977, 5p EPA/600/J-77/035
Pub. In Atomic Absorption Newsletter, v16 n3 p70-73
May Jun 77.
A molecular spectral interference associated wrtti e
certain type of suspended participate matter in nature!
188 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waters is reported for the furnace atomic absorption
determination of arsenic. In some water samples, ar-
senic concentrations were erroneously high by more
than a factor of five above the actual concentration.
Results of analyses were confirmed by an alternate
analytical method. The degree of interference is a
function of spectral bandpass and the concentration of
hydrofluoric acid added to the sample. Use of 0.2-nm
bandpass or 1% hydrofluoric acid markedly reduced
the interference for the natural water samples investi-
gated.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Water analysis, 'Atomic spec-
tra, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Surface waters,
Chemical analysis, Absorption spectra, Particles, Error
analysis, Water pollution, Sampling, Reprints, 'Water
pollution sampling.
PB-269 930/4 Not available NTIS
Heptachlor: Uptake, Depuration, Retention, and
Metabolism by Spot, 'Lelostomus xanthuru*'.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Steven C. Schimmel, James M. Patrick, Jr., and Jerrold
Forester. 1976,11 p EPA/600/J-76/074, Contrib-264
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v2p169-1781976.
The estuarine fish, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), was
exposed to 0.27, 0.52, 1.01, 1.99, and 3.87 micro-
grams/liter technical grade heptachlor (65% hepta-
chlor, 22% trans-chlordane, 2% cis-chlordane, 2%
nonachlor, and 9% unidentified compounds) for 24
days in a flow-through bloassay, followed by 28 days in
heptachlor-free seawater. Concentrations of hepta-
chlor, heptachlor expoxide, and trans- and cls-chlor-
dane in edible tissues were monitored at day 3 and
weekly thereafter throughout the bioassay and at the
end of the postexposure period. All four chemicals
were accumulated by spot. Maximum concentrations
of heptachlor were observed on day 3; maximum blo-
concentratlon of the other three compounds were ob-
served on day 17. The average bloconcentratlon fac-
tors for heptachlor and trans-chlordane were 3,600
and 4,600, respectively. Only 10% or less of the maxi-
mum concentrations of heptachlor, heptachlor epox-
Ide, and trans-chlordane accumulated during the expo-
sure period remained after 28 days In pesticide-free
seawater; an average of 35% of the cls-chlordane re-
mained.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Heptachlor, 'Toxlclty, "Insecti-
cides, Chlordan, Exposure, Bloassay, Metabolism,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Residues, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Pesticide residues, 'Lelostomus
xanthurus, Spot fish, 'Water pollution
effecta(Anlmals), 'Bloaccumulation.
PB-269 931/2 Not available NTIS
UttrMtructurtl Study of Ltilons In Olllt of •
Marine Shrimp Exposed to Cadmium. Journal artl-
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
John A. Couch. 20 Jul 76,23p EPA/600/J-77/028,
Contrlb-298
Pub. In Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology, v29 p267-288
1977.
Pathologic black gills of pink shrimp, Penaeus duor-
arum, exposed to 763 mlcrograms/l of cadmium chlo-
ride for 15 days were studied with transmission elec-
tron microscopy and were compared with normal gills
of control pink shrimp. Local as well as extensive
areas of cell death and necrosis were found in the
distal gill filaments of black gills from cadmium-ex-
posed shrimp. It Is proposed that necrosis of special-
ized epithelial cells and septum cells In black gill fila-
ments and contiguous nonblacK gill tissue could cause
oamoregulatory, detoxifying, and respiratory dysfunc-
tion in Crustacea, particularly In individuals undergoing
environmental stress such as salinity fluctuation.
Keywords: 'Shrimps, 'Cadmium inorganic com-
pounds, 'Toxiclty, Pathology, Morphology, Electron
microscopy, Exposure, Cells(Blology), Histology, Pen-
aeus duorarum, Pink shrimp, Gill8(Fi8hes), Lesions,
Cadmium chlorides, Water pollution effects(Animals).
£B>2«9 932/0 PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Early Life History StaoM of th»
Striped Bast, 'Moron* Mxatlll*' to Chlorlnatlon.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Douglas P. Middaugh, John A. Couch, and Allan M.
Crane. 1977,15p EPA/600/J-77/032, Contrib-304
Pub. in Chesapeake Science, v18 n1 p141-153 Mar
The toxicity of total residual chlorinatlon (TRC) to early
life stages of the striped bass, Morone saxatllis, was
determined using percent embryo hatchablllty, Incip-
ient LC50 bioassays, histopathology, and avoidance
responses. Beginning 8 to 9 hours after fertilization,
developing embryos were exposed continuously to
TRC in flowing water at 1,0-3.0 ppt salinity and 18 plus
or minus 1 C. Fifty-six percent of the control group (no
TRC exposure) hatched. None of the embryos ex-
posed to a measured TRC concentration of 0.21 mi-
crograms/l hatched. Only 3.5 percent of the embryos
exposed to 0.07 micrograms/l TRC and 23% of those
exposed to 0.01 micrograms/l hatched. Incipient LC50
bioassays were used to determine sensitivity of 2-, 12-
and 30-day-old striped bass to concentrations of TRC
in flowing water (1.0-3.0 ppt salinity at 18 plus or minus
1 C). The estimated incipient LC50 was 0.04 micro-
grams/I TRC for 2-day-old prolarvae, 0.07 micro-
grams/I for 12-day-old larvae and 0.04 mlcrogram/l for
30-day-old juveniles.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Bass, 'Chlorination, Freshwater
fishes, Life cycles, Bioassays, Lethal dosage, Pathol-
ogy, Histology, Responses, Statistical analysis,
Larvae, Safinity, Embryos, 'Water pollution
effecta(Animals), Morone saxatills.
PB-269 933/8 PC A02/MF A01
Kvpona (Trademark): Chronic Effect* on Embryo,
Fry, Juvenile, and Adult Sheepshsad Minnow*
TCyprlnodon variegatus'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
David J, Hansen, Larry R. Goodman, and Alfred J.
Wilson, Jr. 1977,7p EPA/600/J-77/031, Contrlb-295
Pub. in Chesapeake Science, v18 n2 p227-232 Jun 77.
The report discusses the toxicity of Kepone to, and
uptake by embryo, fry, juvenile, and adult sheepshead
minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) using Intermittent-
flow toxicity tests. Concentrations of Kepone and per-
centage of adult fish surviving in a 28-day exposure
were-Control, 95%, 0.5 mlcrograms/llter, 95%; 0.18
mlcrograms/llter, 100%; 0.80 mlcrograms/llter, 78%;
1.9 micrograms/llter, 20%; and 7.8 mlcrograma/llter
and 24 mlcrograms/llter, 0%. Concentration factors
(concentrations In fish divided by concentrations
measured in water) for adult fish averaged 5,200
(range 3,100 to 7,000). Symptoms of poisoning Includ-
ed scollosis, darkening of the posterior one-third of the
body, hemorrhaglng near the brain and on the body,
edema, fin-rot, uncoordinated swimming, and cessa-
tion of feeding. Adults survival and growth of fry and ju-
veniles were monitored In a 36-day exposure to
Kepone concentrations of 0.08, 0.18, 0.72, 2.0, 6.6,
and 33 mlcrograms/llter.
Keywords: 'Toxlclty, 'Minnows, Fishes, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Life cycles, Exposure, Physiological
effects, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Bloassay,
•Kepone, 'Cyprinodon variegatus, 'Water pollution
effects(Anlmala).
PB-269 934/6 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlclty of Kepone (Trademark) to Four Es-
tuarln* Animal*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Steven C. Schimmel, and Alfred J. Wilson, Jr. 1977,5p
EPA/600/J-77/030, Contrib-293
Pub. in Chesapeake Science, v18 n2 p224-227 Jun 77.
Recent contamination of the James River estuary, Vir-
ginia, with Kepone prompted acute flow-through bioas-
says to determine the 96-hour toxicity of the Insecti-
cide to four estuarine species native to that ecosys-
tem. The species and their 96-hour LC50 values were-
grass shrimp (Palaemonetee puglo), 121 mlcroorams/
filer; blue crab (Calllnectes sapidus), less than 210 ml-
crograms/liten sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon var-
iegatus), 69.5 micrograms/llter; and spot (Leiostomus
xanthurus) 6.6 micrograms/llter. Surviving animals
were analyzed for Kepone. Average bioconcenttation
factors (the concentration of Kepone In tissues divided
by the concentration of Kepone measured In
seawater) ware-grass shrimp, 698; blue crab, 8.1;
sheepshead minnow, 1,548; and spot, 1,221.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, Fishes, Minnows,
Crabs, Estuaries, Bioassays,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Shrimps, Tables(Data),
Lethal dosage, Chlorine organic compounds, Callln-
ectes sapidus, Cyprinodon variegatus, Palaemonetes
pugio, 'Kepone.
PB-269 935/3 Not available NTIS
Rates of Direct Photolysis In Aquatic Environ-
ment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Richard G. Zepp, and David M. Cline. 1977,9p EPA/
600/J-77/034
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
n4 p359-366 Apr 77.
Equations are derived that describe the direct photoly-
sis rates of pollutants in the aquatic environment. The
equations translate readily obtainable laboratory data
into 'half-lives' for photolysis under sunlight. Photolysis
half-lives are calculated as a function of season, lati-
tude, time-of-day, depth in water bodies, and ozone
layer thickness. Experimental verification of the com-
puted half-lives is presented.
Keywords: 'Photolysis, 'Water chemistry, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Reaction kinetics, Photochemistry, Solar radi-
ation, Numerical analysis, Computer programs, Trans-
port properties, Air water interactions, Time, Seasons,
Latitude, Depth, Reprints.
PB-269 936/1 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty and Uptake of Kepone In Marine Unicellu-
lar Algae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gerald E. Walsh, Karen Alnsworth, and Alfred J.
Wilson. 1977,3p EPA/600/J-77/029, Contrlb-292
Pub. In Chesapeake Science, v18 n2 p222-223 Jun 77.
Four species of marine unicellular algae were exposed
to Kepone In laboratory bioassays. EC50 values after
seven days' growth, In mlcrograms/llter (ppm), were--
Chlorococcum sp., 0.35; Dunallella tertiolecta, 0.58;
Nitzschla sp., 0.60; Thalassloslra pseudonana, 0.60.
When exposed to 100 mlcrograms/llter (ppb) Kepone
for 24 hr, residues associated with the algae, in micro-
grams/kg (ppm) wet weight, were-Chlorococcum sp.,
80; D. tertiolecta, 23; Nitzschla sp., 41; T. pseudonana,
52.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, Exposure, Aquatic
plants, Chlorine organic compounds, Phytoplankton,
Algae, Bioassays, Residues, Thalassloslra pseudon-
ana, 'Kepone, Chlorococcum, Dunallella tertiolecta,
Nitzschla, Pesticide residues.
PB-269 937/9 Not available NTIS
Blooono*ntr*tlon of Toxaphen* by Microorgan-
isms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Doris F. Paris, David L. Lewis, and John T. Barnett.
1977,10p EPA/600/J-77/033
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 n5 p564-6721977.
Analyses (glc) of extracts from whole cultures (medium
and microorganisms) gave the same 'fingerprint' chro-
matogram as the control, Indicating that toxaphene
was not degraded even after extended periods of time.
The Insecticide was also added to autoclaved cultures
of bacteria, fungi, and algae which sorbed as much or
a little more pesticide than the viable cells. Therefore,
the observed sorptlon was not the result of a metaboll-
cally active process. Desorption of toxaphene was
studied by harvesting bacterial cells that had reached
equilibrium In the pesticide solution and resuspending
them In medium containing no pesticides. Samples
were centrlfuged, and extracted, and the supernatant
was analyzed for pesticide as described. Desorption
equilibrium was achieved In as short a time as was
equilibrium In the sorption studies and the distribution
coefficient were the same.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Insecticides, "Ter-
penes, AbsorptionjBiology), Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Residues, Aquatic mi-
crobiology, 'Toxaphene, 'Bloaccumulation, Pesticide
residues, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-269 944/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 189
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aerosol Characteristics and Visibility. Interim rept.
Apr 71-Dec 74,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Alan P. Waggoner, and Robert J. Charlson. Jul 77,46p
EPA/600/3-77/072
Grant EPA-R-800665
This report summarizes progress in measuring the op-
tical properties of aerosols and in relating aerosol
characteristics to visibility reduction made in the au-
thor's laboratory during the period 1965-1971. An in-
strument, the integrating nephelometer, which meas-
ures the scattering component of extinction, b(sp), was
developed and used in several field studies. Measured
b(sp) and observer visibility have been shown to be
highly correlated and to follow the Koschmieder rela-
tion. Measured b(sp) is highly correlated (0.95 in Los
Angeles) with suspended particle volume in the 0.1 to
1.0 micrometer size range. A useful correlation (0.56 to
0.92 at various sites) has been found between b(sp)
and particle mass as collected on a filter. Techniques
have been developed to measure b(sp) as a function
of relative humidity for ambient and model aerosols.
Water, absorbed by hygroscopic aerosols, as H2SO4,
and/or deliquescent aerosols, as (NH4)2SO4, make a
substantial contribution to visibility reduction. Tech-
niques were also developed to measure the absorp-
tion component of extinction, b(sp); to measure the
forward/backward scattering ratio; and to determine
b(sp) as a function of wavelength.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, Parti-
cles, Optical properties, Light scattering, Nephelo-
meters, Concentration(Composition), Particle size dis-
tribution, Samplers, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Atmospheric
attenuation, Atmospheric chemistry, 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB-269 958/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standard*: Secondary Lead
Smelters. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
M. Dean High, Michael E. Lukey, andTerrence A. Li
Puma. Jan 77,80p EPA/340/1-77/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1086
This document presents guidelines to enable enforce-
ment personnel to determine whether new or modified
secondary lead smelters comply with New Source Per-
formance Standards (NSPS). Key parameters identi-
fied during the performance test are used as a com-
parative base during subsequent inspections to deter-
mine the facility's compliance status. The secondary
lead smelter process, atmospheric emissions from this
process, and emission control methods are described.
Inspection methods and types of records to be kept
are discussed in detail.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Inspection,
'Manuals, 'Smelters, 'Lead alloys, Performance,
Standards, Sources, Regulations, Government poli-
cies, Performance tests, Storage batteries, Method-
ology, Records management, Materials recovery,
Metal scrap, Sulfur oxides, 'Source performance
standards, 'Stationary sources, Standards compli-
ance, Enforcement, Secondary smelters.
PB-269 972/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Air
Branch.
Emissions Inventory Projections and Allocation
Projections to Sub-County Areas for the Syracuse
Air Quality Maintenance Area. Final rept. 1 Dec 75-
15Jun76.
Central New York Regional Planning and Develop-
ment Board, Syracuse.
15 Jul 77,78p EPA/902/4-77/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2302
See also PB-240 659.
This report provides a disaggregated paniculate
matter emissions inventory suitable for use in both
base year and projection year air quality dispersion
modeling required for the Syracuse AOMA. The alloca-
tion and projection methodology is essentially that of
volumes 7 and 13 of the Guidelines for Air Quality
Maintenance Planning series (U.S. EPA). Allocations
were made for population, transportation, commercial/
institutional, industrial, and solid waste-based emis-
sions. The study results clearly indicate that the domi-
nant sources of participate emissions in Onondaga
County are industrial process and fuel point sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regional planning, Regions,
Particles, Inventories, Sources, Projection, Forecast-
ing, Allocations, Counties, Mathematical models, Dis-
persions, Industrial wastes, Fuels, Combustion prod-
ucts, Tables(Data), New York, Air quality maintenance
areas, *Syracuse(New York), Onondaga County(New
York), Point sources.
PB-270 015/1 PC A14/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
Evaluation of Exhaust Reclrculatlon for NOx Con-
trol. Volume I, and Volume II. Appendix. Final rept.
Esso Research and Engineering Co., Houston, Tex.
Products Research Div.
Jul69,306p
Contract PH-86-67-25
The NAPCA-Esso study summarized in this report in-
vestigated: Feasibility of the recirculation technique
when used in conjunction with positive crankcase ven-
tilation and with the Engine Modification System with
Manifold Air Injection; design characteristics needed
for an automatic system to provide emission controls
while retaining fuel economy and vehicle performance.
The goal was to determine the desirability of carrying
out further studies concerning long-term operability,
effectiveness and engine wear effects of exhaust recy-
cle in combination with hydrocarbon and CO control
systems. The program was divided into two phases: a
laboratory engine phase where four different engines
were operated over a wide range of steady-state con-
ditions and a vehicle test phase where two fully-
equipped cars were studied under transient conditions.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
'Automobile engines, Test engines, Experiments, Ex-
haust emissions, Numerical analysis, Data analysis,
Revisions, Tables(Data), Exhaust systems, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Exhaust recirculation systems.
PB-270 032/6 PC A07/MF A01
Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Proto-
col and Procedures,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
William A. Brungs, and Bernard R. Jones. May 77,
139p EPA/600/3-77/061
Temperature criteria for freshwater fish are expressed
as mean and maximum temperatures; means control
functions such as embryogenesis, growth, maturation,
and reproductivity, and maxima provide protection for
all life stages against lethal conditions, these criteria
for 34 fish species are based on numerous field and
laboratory studies, and yet for some important species
the data are still insufficient to develop all the neces-
sary criteria. Fishery managers, power-plant design-
ers, and regulatory agencies will find these criteria
useful in their efforts to protect fishery resources.
Keywords: 'Temperature, 'Fresh water fishes, Rec-
ommendations, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Life
cycles, Survival, Exposure, Acclimatization, Matura-
tion, Numerical analysis, Seasonal variations,
Tables(Data).
PB-270 033/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Ceddo Lake, Caddo Parish, Louisiana and Marlon
and Harrison Counties, Texas. Final Rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,59p Working Paper-637
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Caddo Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Texas, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Marion County(Texas), Harri-
son County(Texas), Caddo Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 035/9 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Bayou D'Arbonne Lake, Union and Lincoln Parish-
es, Louisiana. Final rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,57p Working Paper-539
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Bayou D'Arbonne Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Louisiana, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Union
Parish(Louisiana), Lincoln Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 052/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cross Lake, Caddo Parish, Louisiana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77, 54p Working Paper-538
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cross Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Caddo Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 053/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Speech Levels In Various Noise Environments,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, Calif.
Karl S. Pearsons, Ricarda L. Bennett, and Sanford
Fidell. May 77,81p EPA/600/1-77/025
Contract EPA-68-01-2466
The goal of this study was to determine average
speech levels used by people when conversing in dif-
ferent levels of background noise. The non-laboratory
environments where speech was recorded were: high
school classrooms, homes, hospitals, department
stores, trains and commercial aircraft.
Keywords: 'Voice communication, 'Acoustic meas-
urement, Speech, Ambient noise, Intelligibility,
Pltch(Frequency).
PB-270 056/7 PC A03/MF A01
Operations Guide to Remote Job Entry Minicom-
puters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
May77,94p'
This operations manual has been prepared to assist
EPA personnel establish and operate Remote Job
Entry (RJE) minicomputers by providing standard op-
erations and management guidelines.
Keywords: 'Minicomputers, 'Data processing, Sched-
uling, Maintenance, 'Remote job entry.
190 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-270 OS6/5 PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines for Preparing Minicomputers Feasibil-
ity Studies.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Apr 77,42p
This document describes the procedure for preparing
a feasibility study for procurement of a minicomputer.
Keywords: 'Minicomputers, 'Procurement, Feasibility,
Benefit cost analysis, Systems analysis, Require-
ments. Computer systems hardware, Computer archi-
tecture, Computer software, POP 11/70 computers.
PB-270 057/3 PC A04/MF A01
Implementing Procedures for Minicomputers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Apr77,58p*
This document describes the major activities involved
in acquiring a minicomputer, once the feasibility study
has been approved. These guidelines include ordering
the equipment, planning and controlling the implemen-
tation, developing and executing a training program,
preparing the site for hardware installation, and taking
delivery of, installing and accepting the digital mini-
computer.
Keywords: 'Minicomputers, 'Procurement, Leasing,
Purchasing, Requirements, Maintenance, Budgeting,
Specifications, Computer software.
PB-270 060/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Turkey Creek Lake, Franklin Parish, Louisiana.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,46p Working Paper-543
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Turkey Creek Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Louisiana, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, Franklin
Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 062/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards: Basic Oxygen
Process Furnaces. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
M.D. High, T. A. Li Puma, M. E. Lukey, and R. F.
Krzmarzick. Jan 77, 74p EPA/340/1-77/002
Contract EPA-68-02-1086
Errata sheet inserted.
This document presents guidelines to enable enforce-
ment personnel to determine whether new or modified
basic oxygen process furnaces comply with New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Key param-
eters identified during the performance test are used
as a comparative base during subsequent inspections
to determine the facility's compliance status. Basic
oxygen process furnaces, atmospheric emissions from
these furnaces, and emission control methods are de-
scribed. Inspection methods and types of records to
be kept are discussed in detail.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Inspection,
Manuals, 'Basic converters, "Furnaces. Perform-
ance, Standards, Sources, Regulations, Government
Policies, Performance tests, Combustion products,
Methodology, Records management, Oxygen blown
converters, Guidelines, Steel making, 'Source per-
formance standards, 'Stationary sources, Standards
compliance, Enforcement.
PB-270 064/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cotlle Reservoir, Rapldes Parish, Louisiana. Final
rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,39p Working Paper-537
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Cotile Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Louisiana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Rapides Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 065/6 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Urban Ralnfall-Hunoff-Quallty Data Base. Rept. for
Jun 74-Apr 77,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Wayne C. Huber, and James P. Heaney. Jul 77,183p
EPA/600/8-77/009
EPA-68-03-0496
Urban rainfall-runoff-quality data gathered by others
have been assembled on a storm event basis for one
or more catchments in the following eight cities: San
Francisco, CA; Broward County, FL; Lincoln, NB;
Durham, NC; Windsor, ONT; Lancaster, PA; Seattle,
WA; and Racine, Wl. Rainfall-runoff data have been
assembled for one or more catchments in an addition-
al 13 cities: Baltimore, MD; Chicago, IL; Champaign-
Urbana, IL; Bucyrus, OH; Falls Church. VA; Wlnston-
Salem, NC; Jackson, MS; Wichita, KS; Westbury, NY;
Philadelphia, PA; Los Angeles, CA; Portland, OR; and
Houston, TX. The 21 cities contain data for a total of
41 catchments. Descriptions of the catchments, pa-
rameters and sampling procedures are provided In this
report. Actual data have been placed on a magnetic
tape and will be placed on the EPA STORET data re-
trieval system in the future.
Keywords: 'Storms, 'Surface water runoff, 'Water
pollution, 'Urban areas, Surveys, Storm sewers, Com-
bined sewers, Rainfall, Catch basins, Overflows, Data
acquisition, Punched cards, Magnetic tapes, Data stor-
age, Hydrology, Mathematical models, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Preclpitatlon(Meteorology), Storm water
runoff, Urban hydrology, Data bases.
PB-270 078/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lakes Vernon and Anacoco, Vernon Parish, Lou-
isiana. Final rept,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77, 59p Working Paper-528
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Louisiana Wild-
life and Fisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, and Lou-
isiana National Guard, Baton Rouge.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and^ limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Anacoco Lake, 'Lake
Vernon, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorgan-
ic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay,
Watersheds, Water quality management, Louisiana,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Vernon
Parish(Louisiana).
PB-270 080/5 V. ,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Paiioenvlronment of Coal and Its R«l««on to
Drainage Quality. Final rept. 1 Aug 73-31 Jul 75,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Geology.
Frank T. Caruccio, John C. Perm, John Home,
Gwendolyn Geidel, and Bruce Baganz. Jun 77,121 p
EPA/600/7-77/067
Grant EPA-R-802597-02
The acid production potential of a coal was related to
its paleoenvironment (environment of deposition) as
interpreted from the overlying strata. Within the Appa-
lachian coal field of eastern Kentucky, coals and asso-
ciated strata were characterized as either back-barrier,
lower delta plain or upper delta plain. Samples from
various paleoenvironments were analyzed for sulfur
content and pyrite types (reactive versus stable). Sam-
ples from the back-barrier, lower delta plain sequence
had a relatively higher percentage of reactive pyrite
than the seams within strata of upper delta plain. Both
environments produced coals of similar total sulfur
contents and both contained varying percentages of
framboidal pyrite. Although reactive pyrite was present
in seams of both paleoenvironments, a differing natu-
ral water chemistry caused acid mine drainage to be
associated with the back-barrier, lower delta plain
strata and never with the upper delta plain strata. This
study showed that the pyrite distribution and, more im-
portantly, the water chemistry producing acidic or neu-
tral drainages, were correlative with the paleoenviron-
ment of the coals and associated strata.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Drainage, 'Water pollution,
Forecasting, Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Pyrite, Sulfur,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Leaching, Kentucky,
'Mine acid drainage.
PB-270 081/3 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Field Testing of Emission Controls for Asbestos
Manufacturing Waste Piles. Final rept.,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Colin F. Harwood, and Paul K. Ase. May 77,149p
IITRI-C6338-15, EPA/600/2-77/098
Contract EPA-68-02-1872
Abatement of fugitive emissions from asbestos
cement waste disposal activities has been studied.
The primary sources of asbestos emissions are, (1)
transfer of baghouse fines to the dump, (2) crushing
and leveling of waste on the fines, (3) active dump
areas, (4) inactive dump areas. The emission control
options used in other industries were reviewed. Those
applicable to asbestos cement waste were analyzed
for cost effectiveness using engineering estimation
techniques applied to a model typical plant. It was esti-
mated that bagging of the fine waste would reduce
dumping emissions by 80%, while a soil-vegetative
cover would reduce the long-term emissions by 90%.
Application of the three control options would reduce
the emissions by 87% at a total annual cost of $17,850
for the model typical plant. Field testing of the control
options Indicated that the assumptions made were
reasonable and that the emissions were In line with
those predicted. Background asbestos levels In the
ambient air were found to be high and to exist both
upwind and downwind of the plant for considerable
distances (10 km). Emissions from small test plots
were too low to be measured but the stability of the
chemically stabilized and the soil-vegetated covers
were excellent. Despite the high alkalinity of asbestos
waste (pH 12), vegetation was grown on the soil to
give a 95% cover, far in excess of the coverage re-
quired to prevent soil erosion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Asbestos, 'Ce-
ments, 'Solid waste disposal, Field tests, Cost analy-
sis, Industrial wastes, Waste disposal, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Earth fills,
Chemical analysis, Chemical stabilization, Vegetation,
Soils, Baghouses, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-270 082/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for the Enforcement of Hew
Source Performance Standard*: Volatile Hydro-
carbon Storage. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
Apr 77,59p* EPA/340/1-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-3156
The purpose of this document is to assist air pollution
agencies In the enforcement of Federal new source
performance standards (NSPS) for volatile organic
December 1983 191
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
storage tanks. The manual actually serves a twofold
aliens and also describes methods for conducting in-
spections of tanks to verify their compliance with these
requirements. The NSPS regulations are applicable to
storage tanks of 40,000 gals capacity or greater stor-
ing organic material of greater than 0.5 psia true vapor
pressure. The standards are written in terms of the
type of roof required and the type of records to be kept
on file based upon the volatility of the material stored.
The various types of tanks are described in the manual
so that the inspection officer can recognize which
tanks are affected by the standards during an on-site
inspection. A checklist is included to be used to gather
tank data, and procedures are outlined which allow the
inspector to monitor and verify proper performance
test conditions.
. Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Inspection,
'Manuals, "Storage tanks, 'Hydrocarbons, Perform-
ance, Standards, Sources, Regulations, Government
policies, Performance tests, Volatility, Combustion
products, Methodology, Records management, Roofs,
POL storage, Vapor pressure, Evaporation, 'Source
performance standards, 'Stationary sources, Stand-
ards compliance, Enforcement.
PB-270 083/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for Secondary Brass and
Bronze Smelters. Final rept,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
M. D. High, T. A. Li Puma, and M. E. Lukey. Jan 77,
88p* EPA/340/1-77/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1086
This document presents guidelines to enable enforce-
ment personnel to determine whether new or modified
secondary brass and bronze smelters comply with
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Key pa-
rameters identified during the performance test are
used as a comparative base during subsequent in-
spections to determine the facility's compliance status.
The secondary brass and bronze smelter process, at-
mospheric emissions from this process, and emission
control methods are described. Inspection methods
and types of records to be kept are discussed in detail.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Inspection,
'Manuals, 'Smelters, 'Brasses, Performance, Stand-
ards, Sources, Regulations, Government policies, Per-
formance tests, Control, Hazardous materials, Meth-
odology, Records management, Bronzes, Ingots, Par-
ticles, 'Source performance standards, 'Stationary
sources, Standards compliance, Enforcement, Sec-
ondary smelters, Partlculates.
PB-270 084/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Design, Development, and Demonstration of a
Fine Paniculate Measuring Device. Final rept. Jul
73-Aug 75,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Pedro Lilienfeld, Daniel P. Anderson, and Douglas W.
Cooper. Apr 77,132p GCA-TR-76-27-G, EPA-68-02-
1341, EPA/600/2-77/077
The report describes the design, development, and
testing of a fine paniculate source monitoring instru-
ment for real-time measurement of mass concentra-
tion as a function of aerodynamic particle size. It in-
cludes a literature review and selection of the operat-
ing principle on which the instrument is based. The de-
scribed device size-segregates particulates using iner-
tial jet-to-plate impaction on a continuously moving
substrate, and determines collected mass using beta
radiation attenuation. The collection-detection system
consists of a 7-impaction-stage cascaded configura-
tion for direct insertion into a stack, with beta mass
sensing at each collection stage. The program's initial
objective-to develop an instrument that could be oper-
ated at up tp 260C (500F)-could not be met: the beta
detectors failed to operate satisfactorily when exposed
to such temperatures. However, the instrument was
completed and tested satisfactorily in a test tunnel at
room temperature.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Monitors, 'Gas detectors, 'Parti-
cles, Particle size, Design criteria, Performance evalu-
ation, Mass, Concentration(Composition), Field tests,
Electric power plants, Aerosols, Air pollution, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Coal fired power plants, Steam power plants.
PB-270 085/4 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Single Cell Protein and Other Food Recovery
Technologies from Waste. Final rept. Mar-Sep 76,
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Spring, Md.
Sylvia A. Ware. May 77,145p" EPA/600/8-77/007
Contract EPA-68-03-2395
Current research into methods of solid waste manage-
ment is focusing on formation of marketable products
to defray the costs of treatment prior to land disposal.
Some wastes are already being commercially exploit-
ed for their energy value. It is also possible to produce
a food or feed through a number of technologies in-
cluding single cell protein production, enzyme hydroly-
sis, anaerobic digestion, and various methods to im-
prove the digestibility and acceptability of cellulose
wastes. This report examines the technological, eco-
nomic and environmental feasibility of the above proc-
esses. Single cell protein production from wastes is
compared to SCP production on other substrates (al-
cohols, alkanes, etc.) and to conventional methods of
farming.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Foods, 'Proteins,
'Solid waste disposal, Technology, Feasibility, Eco-
nomics, Cost analysis, Anaerobic processes, Cellu-
lose, Enzymes, Hydrolysis, Food stuffs, Nutrition, Food
industry, Industrial wastes, 'Solid wastes, 'Synthetic
food.
PB-270 086/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA's Stationary Source Combustion Control
Technology Program-FY 1976. Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
Jul 77, 52p EPA/600/7-77/077
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
The report summarizes the objectives, highlights, and
accomplishments of EPA's research and development
program for characterization, assessment, and control
of the environmental impact of stationary combustion
processes and energy conversion technologies. The
combustion control program emphasizes the develop-
ment and assessment of combustion modifications
and control techniques which will have practical and
economical application for controlling multimedia pol-
lutants from a wide variety of combustion equipment
categories. Although the major emphasis has been di-
rected to the control of nitrogen oxides, the effort also
addresses the reduction of other combustion-generat-
ed pollutants while maximizing system efficiency and
energy conservation. EPA's combustion control pro-
gram utilizes the talents and experience of a variety of
contractors In combination with a limited number of in-
house projects. The cooperation and input of the In-
dustrial and academic sector has been very effective
in achieving a high degree of credibility for the techni-
cal results. Major benefits of the program include Im-
provement of the environment, particularly of air qual-
ity, and enhancement of the nation's energy posture,
by providing greater flexibility for the use of coal as a
major energy source.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Coal, Furnaces, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Energy conservation, Assessments, Revisions,
Efficiency, Aerodynamics, Fuels, Design criteria, Fluid-
ized bed processors, Performance evaluation, Tech-
nology, Field tests, Boilers, Heating systems, After-
burners, Substitutes, Stationary sources.
PB-270 088/8 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Review of Environmental Issues of the Transpor-
tation of Alaskan North Slope Crude Oil. Final
rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
Richard D. Brown, and Richard M. Helfand. May 77,
137p'EPA/600/7-77/046
Contract EPA-68-01-3188
This report summarizes existing information related to
the transportation of Alaskan North Slope crude oil to
U.S. markets. The report focuses upon various factors
which have contributed to the need for transporting the
crude to areas outside of u m West Coast, the various
alternatives proposed to distribute the excess oil, the
environmental issues related to such distribution, and
the research and development needs in areas where
data are incomplete with respect to environmental
issues.
Keywords: 'Energy transport, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Crude oil, 'Petroleum, 'Alaska, Petroleum
pipelines, Trans Alaska pipeline, Tanker ships, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Oil pollution, Scenarios, North
Slope, Oil spills.
PB-270 090/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Closed Loop System for the Treatment of Waste
Pickle Liquor. Final rept. Jul 74-Jun 77,
Crown Chemical Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind.
Joseph C. Peterson. Jul 77,63p EPA/600/2-77/127
Grant EPA-S-803358
The report gives results of a demonstration of the feas-
ibility of converting ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O)-ob-
tained by low-temperature crystallization from H2SO4
waste pickle liquor generated by the acid-cleaning of
steel surfaces-to marketable ferric oxide (Fe203). A
closed-loop system is proposed, consisting of a crys-
tallizer, ion exchange unit, oxidizer, and hydrolyzer. All
acids are recycled, and the net effect is that
FeS04.7H20 is consumed and Fe2O3 is produced.
The FeSO4.7H20 solution was contacted with hydro-
gen ion exchange resin in a continuous ion exchange
unit. Removal of ferrous ion was 90%. About 11-15%
by weight H2SO4 was generated for recycle to pick-
ling. The resin was regenerated with 4M HN03, and a
ferrous-ferric nitrate solution was produced. This prod-
uct was heated to 180C and contacted with air to get
complete oxidation to the ferric state and to oxidize
any byproduct N02 to HN03. The nitrate solution was
then hydrolyzed to Fe2O3 and HN03 In a continuous
coil autoclave at 205C. The HN03 was about 20% by
weight and can be recycled to the ion exchange unit.
After drying, the Fe203 was about 99% pure. A pre-
liminary market survey Indicates the product may have
a value of $0.10-S0.80 per kilogram.
Keywords: 'Feedback control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Metal Industry, 'Ion exchanging, 'Hydrolysis,
'Iron sulfate, Feasibility, Process charting, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Recirculation, Indus-
trial wastes, Materials recovery, Iron oxides, Cost anal-
ysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Sulfuric acid,
'Pickle liquor.
PB-270 091/2 PC A08/MF A01
Mayer (Oscar) and Co., Madison, Wis.
Characterization and In-Plant Reduction of
Wsstewater from Hog Slaughtering Operations.
Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Paul M. Berthouex, David L. Grothman, Donal 0.
Dencker, and Lawarence J. P. Scully. May 77,174p
EPA/600/2-77/097
Grant EPA-R-802833
Sponsored in part by Mayer (Oscar) and Co., Madison,
Wis., and Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washing-
ton, D.C.
Wastes generated were characterized and quantified
In typical hog slaughtering operations both before and
after modifications were made to reduce wastewater
volume and strength and to increase by-product recov-
ery. The research was carried out in the Oscar Mayer
plants at Madison, Wisconsin, Beardstown, Illinois,
and Davenport, Iowa. Process modifications reduced
the flow by 41 %, the BODS by 63%, and the suspend-
ed solids by 63%. Most process modifications cost
only a few hundred dollars; the most expensive
change cost $12,000. Every modification will pay for
itself within 1 or 2 years. Often the savings in water
alone justifies a modification, and savings in waste
treatment and surcharges are a bonus. Individual proc-
ess modifications annually saved from $280 for simply
turning off a valve up to $129,000 for modifying the
hasher washer to recover more scrap for rendering.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Swine, 'Food process-
ing, 'Industrial waste treatment, Waste water, Blood,
Hair, Water consumption, Savings, Industrial plants,
Byproducts, Biochemical oxygen demand, Recovery,
Cost analysis, Iowa, 'Slaughtering house wastes.
192 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-270 092/0 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Catchbasln Technology Overview and Assess-
ment. Final rept.,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
John A. Lager, William Q. Smith, and George
Tchobanoglous. May 77,145p* EPA/600/2-77-051
Contract EPA-68-03-0274
Prepared in cooperation with Hydro Research Sci-
ence, Santa Clara, Calif.
An overview and assessment of current catchbasin
technology has been prepared to provide engineers
and municipal managers with technical and economic
information on catchbasins. This provides them with
some alternatives so that they can make intelligent, in-
formed decisions on runoff collection systems with re-
spect to pollution control legislation, the municipality's
financial status, and its particular stormwater runoff
characteristics. Various catchbasin configurations and
sizes were evaluated for hydraulic and pollutant re-
moval efficiencies using hydraulic modeling analyses.
A recommended catchbasin design configuration
based upon hydraulic performance and sediment cap-
ture efficiency is presented.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers, 'Catch
basins, 'Water pollution abatement, Reviews, Design,
Waste disposal, Refuse, Sediments, Cost analysis, Hy-
draulic models, Cleaning, Efficiency, Performance
evaluation.
PB-270 093/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual lor the Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards: Fluid Catalytic
Cracking Regenerators.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
Oct76,63p* EPA/340/1-77/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3156
The purpose of this document is to assist air pollution
agencies in the enforcement of Federal new source
performance standards (NSPS) for fluid catalytic
cracking (FCC) regenerators. The standards restrict
the visible (opacity), paniculate, and carbon monoxide
emissions from FCC regenerators whose construction
on modification commenced on or after June 11,1973.
This manual outlines the various NSPS regulations
which currently apply to an FCC unit, and describes
the different types of FCC operations the field inspec-
tor must be prepared to examine. This manual also
provides an on-site inspection procedure and informa-
tion checklist which will supply an agency with the in-
formation needed to determine compliance with NSPS
regulations. A short summarization of the official EPA
source test methods is Included to enable the Inspec-
tor to observe performance testing and ensure that
proper procedures are used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Inspection,
•Manuals, 'Catalytic cracking,
'Regeneration(Engineering), Performance, Standards,
Sources, Regulations, Government policies, Perform-
ance tests, Opacity, Methodology, Records manage-
ment. Particles, Carbon monoxide, Air pollution con-
trol, Gasoline, 'Source performance standards, 'Sta-
tionary sources, Standards compliance, Enforcement.
PB-270 100/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment Overview Matrix for National
Criteria Pollutant Emissions. Final rept,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
E. C. Eimutis, and R. P. Quill. Jul 77,73p MRC-DA-685,
EPA-68-02-1874, EPA/800/2-77/107C
The report alphabetically lists stationary sources that
emit criteria pollutants. The overview matrix was pre-
pared, using a computerized data base established for
emissions of air pollutants from approximately 600 sta-
tionary source types In the combustion, organic materi-
als, Inorganic materials, and open source categories.
The matrix lists the total national emissions of criteria
pollutants emitted by source type. (A source type is de-
fined as a group of emission sources which have the
same process and emission characteristics.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'In-
dustrial wastes. 'lndexes(Documentatlon), Sources,
Classifications, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Computer programming, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Industries, Criteria, 'Stationary sources.
PB-270 111/8 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pilot Plant Design for Chemical Desulfurlzatlon of
Coal. Final rept. Jun 73-Mar 77,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
L. J. Van Nice, and M. J. Santy. Apr 77.162p EPA/
600/2-77/080
Contract EPA-68-02-1335
The report gives results of a program for design and
operational planning of facilities for testing the Meyers
Process for chemical removal of pyritlc sulfur from
coal. Two options were evaluated: a complete pilot
plant test of the process at a 0.5-ton per hour scale;
and scale-up and testing of only the most critical por-
tion of the process, the reactor and regenerator sec-
tion (reactor testing unit). The report includes: a sum-
mary of background process data; a discussion of the
pilot plant design; pilot plant start-up and operational
test plans; and the preliminary design, start-up, and
test approach for the reactor testing unit. It also in-
cludes: process flow diagrams for the complete pilot
plant; pilot plant mass balance computer program;
pilot plant plot plans and a sketch of the facility; com-
plete pilot plant equipment list; critical path schedule
for construction of the pilot plant; preliminary process
flow diagrams for the reactor testing unit approach;
preliminary reactor test unit plot plans and a sketch of
the facility; and reactor test unit equipment list.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Coal preparation, Pilot
plants, Air pollution, Computer programs, Chemical re-
actors, Design criteria, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, Sulfur, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Meyers
process.
PB-270 112/6 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Field Testing: Application of Combustion Modifi-
cations to Control Pollutant Emissions from In-
dustrial Boilers - Phases I and II (Data Supple-
ment). Supplemental Report for Jun 73-Sep 75,
KVB Engineering, Inc., Justin, Calif.
S. C. Hunter, and H. J. Buening. Jun 77,645p 6001-
491, EPA/600/2-77/122
Contract EPA-68-02-1074
Supplement to report dated Oct 74, PB-238 920.
This data supplement records Individual data points In
greater detail than practical in the Phase I and II re-
ports. It is intended for researchers who wish to refer
to Individual data points. Data are Included from 47
boilers tested In Phase I, and 19 boilers tested In
Phase II. The Supplement contains design data on the
boilers tested, fuel sample analyses, control room
data, gaseous emissions data (NO, NO2, CO, CO2,
HC, SO2, and SO3), stack traverse data, paniculate
mass emissions and size, opacity readings, smoke
spot numbers, and boiler efficiency. Additional details,
including measurement procedures, boiler descrip-
tions, and Interpretations of the influence of combus-
tion modifications on emissions and efficiency are con-
tained In the Phase I and II reports.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Boilers, 'Tables(Data), In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Sampling, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Particle
size, Efficiency, Data analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Flue gases,
Fossil fuels, Fuel oil, Natural gas, Coal.
PB-270 119/1 PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring the Quality of Ambient Air. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Us
Vegas Nev
George B. Morgan. Apr 77,7p EPA/600/J-77/038
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
n4p352-357Apr77.
The monitoring ol ambtont air quality is of paramount
Importance for determining ambient levels of pollut-
ants so that they can be related to adverse effects on
man and his environment. The considerations and ob-
jectives for designing and Implementing an air quality
monitoring network are reviewed. The types of air
monitoring activities are discussed covering perma-
nent fixed site (trend) monitoring, ambient source-
linked monitoring, exposure monitoring, and biological
monitoring. The components of an ambient air quality
monitoring network are reviewed and evaluated along
with the quality control program necessary to assure
that the date and supporting information are legally
and scientifically defensible.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Design, Sites, Quality as-
surance, Aerial surveys, Continuous sampling, Remote
sensing, Measuring instruments, Reprints, 'Air quality,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB-270 166/2 PC E04
Worst Case - Best Case Determination: Tables of
Dispersion Conditions for Elevated Point Sources.
Final rept.,
Texas Air Control Board, Austin.
Richard A. Porter, and W. Terry Echols. Jan 77,19p*
TACB/WS-1
Appendices B and C are available in microfiche only.
A method is presented which simplifies the task of de-
termining the worst- or best-case meteorological con-
ditions for concentrations from a given stack through
examination of meteorological parameters versus
downwind concentrations and maximum concentra-
tions using tables. The tables of concentrations are in-
dexed in 342 scenarios (or combinations) by fixed
stack parameters: physical stack height and buoyancy
flux (related to heat emission rate). Physical stack
heights from 5 to 300 meters are considered for heat
emission conditions ranging from near ambient to very
hot. For each scenario, concentrations are calculated
for six Pasquill-Glfford stability classes and for wind
speeds valid for each stability. In addition to the maxi-
mum concentration and the distance to maximum con-
centration, the tables display concentrations at ten dis-
cusses clustered about the maximum, the wind speed
adjusted to physical stack height, the effective stack
height, and the distance to final plume rise (Brigg's
equations). The tables are an easy and quick refer-
ence for determlng the Impact of new or existing pollu-
tion sources on ambient air quality for environmental
impact statements or other short-term concentrations
analysis. The text describes the algorithms used to
generate the tables and a listing of the computer pro-
gram is Included as an appendix.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Chimneys, 'Air
pollution, 'Plumes, Concenlration(Composilion), Sam-
pling, Wind velocity, Tables(Data), Numerical analysis,
Scenarios, Environmental impact statements, Comput-
er programming, Algorithms, Sources, Point sources,
•Air quality.
PB-270 210/8 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Biological Methods Branch.
Detection and Inactlvatlon of Enteric Viruses In
Wastewater. Final rept. Oct 69-Jan 75,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
Hlllel I. Shuval, and Ellyahu Katzenelson. May 77,304p
EPA/600/2-77/095
Grant EPA-S-800990
This report covers studies on the development and
evaluation of methods for concentrating and assaying
low levels of viruses in large volumes of water as well
as studies on the use of ozone in inactivating viruses in
water and wastewater. Of the eight virus concentration
methods evaluated, filtration with cellulose nitrate
membranes, aluminum hydroxide and PE-60 proved
most promising. The feasibility of using hollow fiber
membranes was demonstrated. A rapid method capa-
ble of detecting viruses in water in less than 24 hours
using fluorescent antibodies was developed. A spec-
trophotometric method of detecting low concentra-
tions of ozone In small (10 ml) samples of water was
developed. Kinetic studies show that ozone inactivates
snterovlruses more rapidly than chlorine under compa-
rable conditions. With a 0.3 ppm residual ozone inacti-
vates 99% of seeded pollovirus In clean water in less
than 10 seconds as compared to 100 seconds for
chlorine.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Water pollution, 'Water treat-
ment, Bloassay, Disinfection, Monitoring, Waste water,
Fluid filters, Membranes, Cellulose nitrate, Aluminum
December 1983 193
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
hydroxides, Ozone, Public health, Spectrophotometry,
Feasibility, Evaluation.
PB-270 212/4 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Handling and Disposal of Sludgaa from Combined
Sewer Overflow treatment. Phase I. Characteriza-
tion. Final rept. on Phase 1, Mar 73-Feb 75,
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Div.
M. K. Gupta, E. Bellinger, S. Vanderah, C. Hansen, and
M. Clark. May 77,203p EPA/600/2-77/053a
Contract EPA-68-03-0242
This report summarizes the results of a characteriza-
tion and treatment feasibility test program undertaken
to develop optimum means of handling and disposal of
residual sludges from Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSO) treatment systems. Desk top engineering re-
views were also conducted to gather, analyze and
evaluate pertinent information relating to pump/bleed-
back of the treatment residuals to the dry-weather
sludge handling/treatment and disposal facilities. The
results indicate that the CSO sludge volume and qual-
ity vary widely. Characterization data including heavy
metals and pesticides concentrations for eight CSO
sludge residual samples collected across the nation
are presented in the report. Unit treatment process of
centrifugation in conjunction with gravity or flotation
thickening was concluded to be the optimum dewater-
ing technique for on-site treatment of CSO residuals.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Sludge disposal,
'Sewage treatment, 'Overflows, Sludge drying, Resi-
dues, Flotation, Settling, Chlorination, Vacuum filtra-
tion, Dewatering, Clarifters, Flocculating, Centrifugal
filtration, Weather, Metals, Pesticides, Cost analysis,
Solids, Tables(Data).
PB-270 218/1 PC A04/MF A01
Recommended Practice for Determination of
Evaporative Emissions from Light Duty Vehicle*.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Apr 76,63p
See also report dated Oct 75, PB-270 261.
This Recommended Practice describes the equipment
required and the procedures to follow in order to per-
form exhaust and evaporative emission tests. Three
topics are addressed in this Recommended Practice:
specifications and equipment requirements; calibration
methods and frequency; test procedures and data re-
quirements are listed.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Gas analysis, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Dynamometer, Design criteria,
Process charting, Calibrating, Monitors, Air pollution,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Evaporation, Equip-
ment, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-270 219/9 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
European Developments In the Recovery of
Energy and Materials from Municipal Solid Wast*.
Final rept.,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Architecture
and Urban Planning.
W. David Conn. May 77,53p EPA/600/7-77/040
Contract EPA-5-03-4502
This Is the report of a study which set out to determine
whether priorities in Western Europe with respect to
energy and materials recovery from municipal solid
waste are the same as those in the United States,
which include (a) the use of refuse as a supplementary
fuel, (b) pyrolysis, and (c) resource recovery. The study
also attempted to identify solid waste/energy process-
es in Europe (both existing and under development)
that appear to offer potential advantages over proc-
esses currently employed in the United States. Recov-
ery activities in Belgium, Denmark, England, France,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain. Sweden, Swit-
zerland, and West Germany are reported. For each
country, a national overview is given, followed (where
appropriate) by a description of particularly significant
developments. Systems involving household sorting
and separate collection, front-end materials/fuel sepa-
ration, the burning of refuse-derived fuel i.i electricity
generating plants and cement kilns, pyrolysis, inciner-
ation with heat recovery, and materials recovery from
post-incinerator residues are discussed in the report. A
summary of key findings is also included. The report
contains the names and addresses of all persons con-
tacted in the study.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Fuels, 'Western Europe, Sanitary landfills, Com-
posts, Incinerators, Heat recovery, Separation, Pyroly-
sis, Sorting, Collection, Cost estimates, Belgium, Den-
mark, Great Britain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Neth-
erlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, West Germany,
Refuse derived fuels, 'Waste recycling.
PB-270 220/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A First Order Mass Balance Model for the
Sources, Distribution and Fate of PCBs In the En-
vironment. Final rept,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Frank C. Whitmore. 27 Jul 77,180p 474-5G, EPA/
460/6-77/006
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
A first order model for the sources, distribution and
fate of PCBs in an aquatic system is described. The
model is then applied to Lake Michigan and to the
Great Lakes Systems. The results obtained from the
model indicate that atmospheric sources are a major
PCB input to the Great Lakes. Because of the great
water mass of the lakes, the PCB concentration ap-
pears to be storage controlled rather than loss con-
trolled. The major loss mechanisms are found to be
co-evaporation from the airwater interface and entrap-
ment with sediments. It is estimated that if all inputs or
PCBs rate Lake Michigan were eliminated, it would
take more than 70 years for the concentration of PCBs
in the water to decrease by 50 per cent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, 'Lake Michigan, 'Great Lakes,
Mathematical models, Distribution(Property), Mass
transfer, Sediments, Adsorption, Fallout, Sources, Es-
timates, Atmospheric models, Evaporation,
Concentration(Composition), Input, 'Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, 'Bioaccumulation.
PB-270 225/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Assessment of the Environmental and Economic
Impacts of the Ban on Imports of PCBs. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Robert P. Burruss, Jr. Jul 77,175p* 474-5B, EPA/560/
6-77/007
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
This report summarizes an investigation into the uses
of imported polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the
United States. Imported PCBs are presently used only
for the maintenance of certain mining machinery. In
addition, PCBs are present as a significant impurity in
polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) imported for use in
investment casting waxes. Importation of PCBs for
these uses will be banned after 1977 by the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act, unless exemptions are allowed in
accordance with the provisions of the Act. The recent
Directive of the Council of the European Communities
(EEC) prohibits use of PCBs and PCTs in investment
casting waxes, but allows continued use of PCBs in
mining machinery in Europe.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Hazards, 'Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Mining engineering, Invest-
ment casting, Waxes, Imports, United States, Legisla-
tion, Foundries, Environmental surveys, Economic
impact, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro,
Polychlorinated terphenyls, Mining machinery, Invest-
ment casting waxes, Toxic hazards, Toxic Substances
Control Act,Banning.
PB-270 229/8 PC A06/MF A01
Particulars and Air Pollution: An Annotated Bib-
liography. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Apr 77,102p* EPA/450/1-77/001
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has
prepared, selected and compiled 400 abstracts on par-
ticulate emissions. The abstracts are arranged within
10 general subject categories. The abstracted docu-
ment'- are thought to be representative of available lit-
erature in this pollution category. Subject and author
indices are included. The indices refer to the abstracts
by a category code and abstract number. The author
index lists all authors individually. Generally, higher ab-
stract numbers have been assigned to more recent
documents.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Bibliographies,
Environmental impacts, Environmental surveys, Evalu-
ation, Air pollution, Control, Sources, Measurement,
Methodology, Quality, Atmospheric composition,
Technology, Standards, Criteria, Management, Legis-
lation, Air quality maintenance, Legal issues, Air pollu-
tion standards.
PB-270 230/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Algal Nutrient Availability and Limitation In Lake
Ontario During IFYGL. Part II. Nitrogen Available
In Lake Ontario Tributary Water Samples and
Urban Runoff from Madison, Wisconsin. Final
rept.,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center for Environ-
mental Studies.
William F. Cowen, Kannikar Sirisinha, and G. Fred Lee.
May 77,102p EPA/600/3-77/045
Grant EPA-R-800537
Prepared in cooperation with Mahidol Univ., Bangkok
(Thailand), and Edgewood Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md.
Samples of water from the Niagara, Genesee, Oswego
and Black Rivers were collected from March to June
1973. The samples were analyzed for nitrogen forms
and were incubated in darkness under aerobic condi-
tions to promote mineralization of soluble inorganic ni-
trogen from the organic nitrogen in the samples. The
amounts of ammonia and nitrate were determined as a
function of the time of incubation. Generally over 50
percent of total nitrogen present in these river samples
was immediately available for algal growth or potential-
ly available after mineralization by bacteria. The results
were highly variable from each tributary, and no single
value could be selected from the data obtained to de-
scribe the availability of total nitrogen in a given river.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Nitrogen, 'Algae, 'Water quality,
'Lake Ontario, Bacteria, water chemistry, Water anal-
ysis, Decomposition reactions, Ammonium com-
pounds, Inorganic nitrates,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Bioassay, Plant growth, Nutrients, Availability,
Particles, Niagara River, Genessee River, Oswego
River, Black River, Tables(Data), Wisconsin, Selenas-
trum caprlcornutum, Anabaena, International Field
Year for the Great Lakes.
PB-270 233/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
National Assessment of the Urban Paniculate
Problem. Volume III. Denver, Colorado. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Gordon L. Deane, and Frank Record. Jun 76,189p
GCA-TR-76-26-G(3),EPA/450/3-76/026a
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 2, PB-263 666.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the particu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered In the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume 1
of the study - National Assessment of the Paniculate
Problem - Final Report. Volume 1 should be consid-
ered the primary output of the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Particles, En-
vironmental surveys. Data acquisition, Colorado,
Sources, Dust, Statistical analysis, Combustion prod-
ucts, Meteorology, Counties, Monitoring, 'Total sus-
pended particulates, 'Denver(Colorado).
194 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-270 240/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Agricultural Open Burning,
State of the Art. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
C. T. Chi, and D. L. Zanders. Jul 77, 77p' MRC-DA-
683, EPA/600/2-77/107a
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report summarizes reported data on air emissions
from agricultural open burning, used in the U.S. for field
sanitation, residue removal, and residue disposal.
Using estimated emission factors derived from limited
literature data, emissions were found to constitute
0.61%, 0.50%, 0.65%, and 0.06% of the national
emissions of participates, HC, CO, and NOx, respec-
tively. Fifteen states have emissions of at least one cri-
teria pollutant from this source which exceed 1 % of
the state total emissions of that pollutant. Source se-
verity was found to be 1 for HC, 0.2 for POM, and less
than 0.1 for other pollutants. (Source severity is de-
fined as the ratio of the time-averaged maximum
ground level concentration of a pollutant emitted from
a representative source to the primary ambient air
quality standard for criteria pollutants or to a corrected
TLV for noncriteria pollutants.) Control technology in
agricultural open burning consists of practicing fire and
fuel management to reduce pollutant emissions.
Among alternatives to controlling emissions from open
burning are the combination of mobile field sanitation
and straw utilization, and incorporation of wastes into
the soil. Despite the continuing growth in crop harvest,
agricultural open burning has been declining primarily
due to increasing concern about air pollution from
open burning and the refinement of associated agricul-
tural practices.
Keywords: 'Assessments, *Air pollution control, 'Agri-
cultural wastes, 'Solid waste disposal, Management
planning, Combustion products, Particles, PoTycyclic
compounds, Trace elements, Carbon monoxide, Hy-
drocarbons, Substitutes, Sources, Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air quality.
PB-270 244/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Div. of Control Systems.
Potential Increased Production of Automotive
Diesel Fuels. Final rept. on task 17,
Kellogg (M. W.) Co., Houston, Tex. Refinery Process
Div.
W. F. Hoot. 1 Dec 72,40p
Contract CPA-70-68
Automotive diesel engines are more efficient than
automotive gasoline engines and thus deliver more
power per unit fuel consumption. The diesel engines
also are less polluting since their exhaust gases are
free from lead contamination and contain less nitrogen
oxides (NOx) than do the gases from gasoline engines.
It may be possible, therefore, to significantly reduce
automobile pollutants by using diesel engines rather
than gasoline engines in the future. The purpose of this
study Is to estimate the potential production of auto-
motive diesel fuels In the United States since wide-
spread adoption of diesel engines to replace gasoline
engines would greatly increase the demand for diesel
fuels. The effect of maximizing diesel fuel production
on the refinery product slate is also needed since
shortages in other areas could develop.
Keywords: 'Diesel fuels, 'Air pollution control, 'Ex-
haust gases, Diesel engines, Forecasting, Perform-
ance evaluation, Refineries, Fuel consumption, 'Fuel
demand.
PB-270 262/9 PC A06/MF A01
Aircraft Technology Assessment Interim Report
on the Status of the Qas Turbine Program. Final
r«Pt,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
^jcrwrd Munt, Eugene Danielson, and James Delmen.
16 Dec 75,115p
See also report dated 1972, N73-22586.
This report is a brief summary of the status of the air-
craft gas turbine technology assessment program. It is
a compendium of the information and technical data
[scetved from all organizations, government and In-
dustrial, Involved In efforts to reduce aircraft engine ex-
naust emissions. The technical data have been re-
duced and presented In the format that the EPA in-
tends to use in making its assessment of the growth of
low emissions technology in aircraft gas turbines. This
actual assessment is, therefore, only a prelude to the
assessment topic in that report. The information con-
tained herein and the thrust of the assessment are di-
rected towards compliance with the EPA 1979 stand-
ards for newly manufactured engines. Consideration of
compliance with the 1981 standards for newly certified
engines will be given in later reports as the technology
advances.
Keywords: 'Jet aircraft, 'Gas turbine engines, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Air pollution control, Exhaust gases,
Combustion chambers, Technology assessment,
'Emission control.
PB-270 263/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Assessment of Automotive Sulfate Emission Con-
trol Technology. Final rept.,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
Products Research Div.
M. G. Griffith, R. A. Bouffard, El. L. Holt, M. W. Pepper,
and M. Beltoer. Jun 77,159p EPA/460/3-77/008
Contract EPA-68-03-0497
This contract consists of three parts. Modification I
was aimed at developing sorbents for SO4(-2) capable
of efficiently removing this material from exhaust gas
at a low pressure drop over a long service life. Modifi-
cation II studied three pairs of monolithic automotive
oxidation catalysts, nominally identical except for their
noble metal components, to determine the effect of
composition on the level of SO4(-2) emissions. Modifi-
cation III tested two types of experimental perovskite-
based noble metal automotive oxidation catalysts for
CO, HC, and S02 conversion activity.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Automobiles, 'Sulfates,
*Atr pollution control equipment, Sulfuric acid, Exhaust
emissions, Sorbents, Oxidation, Catalysts, Perform-
ance evaluation, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons,
Oxidation, Technology, Efficiently, Particles, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-270 266/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Yosemtte National Park Beverage Container De-
posit Experiment. Final rept. May-Sep 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Tayler H. Bingham, Jerome A. Olson, and Juanita M.
Daber. Apr 77,50p RTI-41-1079-6, EPA/SW-142C
Contract EPA-68-01-2981
On May 17,1976 the Yosemite Park and Curry Co. with
the support of the National Park Service and the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency voluntarily instituted a 5-
cent deposit on all beer and soft drink containers, both
retail and vended, sold In Yosemite National Park, Cali-
fornia. Prior to the promulgation of Beverage Container
Guidelines applicable to Federal installations In Sep-
tember 1976, the Yosemite Park and Curry Co. decid-
ed to make the deposit system a permanent operating
feature. The purpose of the deposit is to provide con-
sumers with a monetary incentive to return empty con-
tainers for a deposit refund. Beverage containers are
returned to the beverage distributor ifthey are refutable
bottles or sold as scrap if they are nonrefillable bottles
or cans. The sale of returned containers as scrap
helps to finance the program. It also reduces the solid
waste management burden in the Park. The purpose
of this report is to present the results or impacts of the
deposit experiment over its first summer of operation.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incentives, 'Gov-
ernment policies, Containers, Beverages, Regulations,
Reclamation, 'Beverage containers, 'Mandatory
bottle deposits, 'Container deposits, Solid waste
abatement, 'Yosemite National Park, Waste recycling.
PB-270 281/9 PC A06/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Supplement Number 7. Second ed.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Apr 77,121p* AP-42-Suppl-7
See also number 6, PB-254 274.
In this supplement for Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42) revised and updated emis-
sions data are presented for anthracite coal combus-
tion, fuel oil combustion, bagasse combustion in sugar
mills, residential fireplaces, open buring, dry cleaning,
storage of petroleum liquids, transportation and mar-
keting of petroleum liquids, adipic acid, carbon black,
charcoal, phthalic anhydride, feed and grain mills and
elevators, fish processing, Portland cement manufac-
turing, lime manufacturing, and acid sulfite pulping.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Environmental surveys, Data acquisi-
tion, Anthracite, Fuel oil, Bagasse, Sugarcane, Fire-
places, Residential buildings, Dry cleaning, POL stor-
age, Grains(Food), Mills, Petroleum transportation,
Seafood, Processing, Portland cements, Manufactur-
ing, Calcium oxides, Sulfite pulping, Charcoal, Adipic
acid, 'Emission factors, Open burning, Fishing proc-
essing.
PB-270 282/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Beef Cattle Feedlots. Final
rept. Jul 74-Nov 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
J. A. Peters, and T. R. Blackwood. Jun 77,114p* MRC-
DA-540, EPA/600/2-77/107
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report describes a study of atmospheric emissions
of fugitive dusts and volatile products from beef cattle
(eedlots. Total paniculate emissions are affected by
feedlot area, cattle density in pens, wind speed, and
the regional precipitation-evaporation index. The pre-
dominant volatile product, ammonia, constitutes 70%
to 90% of the total gaseous emissions. Emissions
from the beef cattle feeding industry constitute 0.35%
of the national emissions of total particulates. Eight
states have emissions of total dust which exceed 1.0%
of the state total particulate emissions burden.
Keywords: 'Beef cattle, 'Feeders, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Reviews, Dust, Gases, Ammonia, Sources, Inor-
ganic sulfides, Thlols, Agricultural wastes, Nitrogen
cycle, Decomposition, Soifwater, Odors, Sprinkler sys-
tems, Climate, Potassium permanganate, Gypsum,
Marketing, Tables(Data), 'Feedlots, Manure.
PB-270 289/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source Control Guidance Silviculture.
Technical guidance memo. (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Nonpolnt Sources Branch.
J. Robert Singer, and Ralph C. Maloney. Mar 77,77p'
EPA/WPD/Tech-37-3-77
slonal effort via a ten-step process that studies the
participation and Inquiry necessary to develop Best
Management Practices (BMP) for forest harvesting op-
erations. Thus BMP can be developed that reflectland
capabilities and local conditions. Application of the
process leads to: (1) identification of complementary
elements of Federal and state agency programs; (2)
identification and assessment of present and future
nonpoint problems; (3) the analysis of identified prob-
lems; (4) the definition of BMP design criteria based on
simultaneous occurrence of critical problem creating
conditions; (5) the design and implementation of tech-
nically sound, economically feasible, socially accept-
able and institutionally possible local BMP for forest-
ry's contribution to a water quality management
system. Information needs are Identified; prevention
and reduction BMP are presented for defined condi-
tions. The document Is based on legislated require-
ments and within a concept of environmental planning.
Keywords: 'Forest land, 'Water quality management,
Legislation, Harvesting, Regional planning, Water pol-
lution control, Roads, Vegetation, Erosion control,
Land use, Cutting, Drainage, Water pollution, Sources,
Citizen participation, Research projects, National gov-
ernment, State government, Best Management prac-
tices, Silviculture, Nonpoint sources.
PB-270 293/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He,
Mich. Large Lakes Research Station.
December 1983 195
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Algal Nutrient Availability and Limitation In Lake
Ontario During IFYGL. Part HI. Algal Nutrient Limi-
tation In Lake Ontario During IFYGL,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center for Environ-
mental Studies.
Nagalaxmi Sridharan, and G. Fred Lee. May 77,58p
EPA/600/3-77/046a
Grant EPA-R-800537-02
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son. See also PB-265 004.
This study was conducted on the potential significance
of nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients in limiting
planktonic algal growth in Lake Ontario and its major
tributaries. Standard algal assay procedures were
used. Samples of the open waters of Lake Ontario and
Niagara River waters collected during the spring
showed phosphorus limitation. By late summer these
waters snowed both nitrogen and phosphorus limita-
tion. Genesee and Osweqo Rivers showed, in general,
nitrogen limitation. Samples of the Black River waters
showed both nitrogen and phosphorus limitation.
Keywords: 'Algae, "Nutrients, *Lake Ontario, Bio-
assay, Plant growth, Concentratiqn(Composition), Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Sampling, Niagara River, Gene-
see River, Oswego River, Black River, International
Field Year for the Great Lakes.
PB-270 295/9 PC A06/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurfzatlon In Power Plants: Status
Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
James Herlihy. Apr 77,109p*
This report summarizes the current state of the art of
major S02 scrubbers for power plants. Technological
problems and solutions are described. Available instal-
lation and operating costs are summarized. Histories
of operational systems are presented.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, *Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Scrubbers, Flue
gases, Cost analysis, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Technology, Calcium oxides, Performance
evaluation, Limestone scrubbing, Wellman process,
Dual alkali scrubbing, Magnesium oxide scrubbing,
Chiyoda process.
PB-270 349/4 PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Light Duty Vehicle Evaporative
Emission Control Technology. Technical support
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eric Ellsworth. 1975,23p EVAP-75-3
This report is an assessment of current control tech-
nology and is not intended to represent the technical
limits of evaporative emission control. The report first
addresses the basic sources of evaporative emissions,
then discusses the influence of fuel composition, and
finally addresses evaporative emissions control from a
total control system standpoint.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Automotive fuels, 'Evapora-
tion, Automobiles, Control, Technology assessment,
Systems engineering, Leakage, Fuel systems, Fuel
tanks, 'Evaporative emissions, Light duty vehicles,
Sealed housing for evaporative determination, SHED
enclosure testing, Fuel tank caps.
PB-270 350/2 PC A02/MF A01
In-HouM Test Program Report No. 3: Effect of
Fuel Composition. Technical support report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eric Ellsworth. 1975,11 p EVAP-75-4
Report on 'Evaporative Emissions Regulations Devel-
opment1.
This report deals with the interrelationship of fuel char-
acteristics and evaporative losses. The characteristics
which are correlated to evaporative losses are Reid
Vapor Pressure (RVP), the shape of a fuel's distillation
curve and weathering. Evaluation of the effect on
evaporative emission of RVP, distillation temperatures,
and weathering has indicated some general trends.
Correlations and engineering assumptions can be
drawn, with reasonable accuracy, from fuel composi-
tion indicators such as RVP and distillation curves.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automotive fuels, 'Evapora-
tion, Losses, Vapor pressure, Weathering, Tempera-
ture, Volatility, Mathematical models, Curve fitting,
'Evaporative emissions, Motor fuel characteristics,
Distillation curves.
PB-270 351/0 PC A04/MF A01
Evaporative Emission Enclosure (SHED) Proce-
dure Analysis of Surveillance Program Data. Tech-
nical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick. Jun 75,54p EVAP-75-2
This report is a summary of the data analysis per-
formed at EPA for the SHED enclosure testing for
evaporative emissions performed during FY71, 72 and
73 surveillance programs. Included are descriptions of
the data handling and documentation of current
where-abouts. Also included are the results of various
analyses done to evaluate the effects of testing and
vehicle parameters on evaporative emission levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Fuel sys-
tems, 'Evaporation, Test facilities, Sheds, Methodolo-
gy, Urban areas, Data acquisition, Data processing,
Light duty vehicles, 'Evaporative emissions, SHED en-
closure testing, Sealed housing for evaporative deter-
mination.
PB-270 363/5 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Compliance Data System User's Guide,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Rita Reimer, and Geza Serenyi. May 77,283p EPA/
340/1-76/011
Contract EPA-68-01-3173
Superseded report dated Dec 76, PB-260 611.
Compliance Data System (CDS) User's Guide is de-
signed to be the primary source of user documentation
regarding CDS. It replaces all documentation dated
prior to December 1976, which should be discarded.
(Supersedes PB-260 611). The guide is organized to
be used effectively by several groups of potential read-
ers: Managers and others wishing a basic description
of CDS should read Sections 2 and 3, Management
Overview and System Applications. Current Users who
generally understand CDS will wish to skip to specific
sections of interest, particularly Sections 7 and 9, Edit
Processing and Retrieval Processing, which reflect
recent changes. New Users may wish to read the text
in its entirety, at least through Section 9 to obtain a
working knowledge of CDS. Those Preparing Input
Data should read Section 6, Data Input Preparation.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Data
acquisition, 'Manuals, Standards, Guidelines,
Sources, Data processing, Records management,
Management, Information retrieval, Input, Editing, Sys-
tems analysis, 'Standards compliance, 'Compliance
data system, 'Stationary sources, Enforcement.
PB-270 365/0 PC A03/MF A01
In-HouM Tsst Program Report No. 2-Vehlcle Pre-
conditioning LA-4 vs. HFET. Technical support
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick. Nov 75,36p EVAP-75-5
The purpose of this study was to determine whether or
not the two Highway fuel economy test (HFET) cycles
used for measuring fuel economy would be suitable for
a preconditioning driving cycle in place of one urban
dynamometer driving schedule (LA-4). The main con-
cern with using the HFET was the possibility that the
purge characteristics of the evaporative emission con-
trol system would allow for purging during precondi-
tioning and not during the exhaust emission cycle
which is essentially the same as an LA-4. If this were to
occur then sufficient canister capacity would enable a
vehicle to pass the evaporative emissions test, and the
exhaust test would be easier to pass due to the fact
that hydrocarbons from the canister would not be
purging into the engine.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Test facili-
ties, Evaporation, Vehicles, Methodology, Fuel con-
sumption, Exhaust emissions, Automobile engines,
Cycles, Standards, Dynamometers, Preconditioning,
•Evaporative emissions, Highway fuel economy test,
Test vehicles, Urban dynamometer driving
schedi''e(LA4).
PB-270 366/8 PC A02/MF A01
In-House Test Program Report No. 1-Vehicle Pre-
conditioning: AM A+LA-4. Technical Support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick, and Gary M. Wilson. Jun 75,25p
EVAP-75-1
The purpose of vehicle preconditioning is to provide a
relatively consistent starting base for all vehicles in-
volved in emission testing. This starting base is intend-
ed to prepare the vehicle so that it tends to simulate a
real-life condition that an average vehicle would nor-
mally experience in its day-to-day operation. Five vehi-
cles, representing different engine-fuel tank configura-
tions, were used in evaluating the effect of two vehicle
preconditioning driving sequences on diurnal losses
(as measured by the SHED technique) and exhaust
emissions. One prep cycle was that required by the
1975 FTP, consisting of driving the vehicle over a pre-
established road route followed by a dynamometer
drive. The other prep cycle consisted of a dynamo-
meter cycle only, three tests per sequence per vehicle
were conducted. The results of this testing support an
earlier EPA study with regard to exhaust emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehicles,
'Tests, 'Technology, Dynamic tests, Simulation, Va-
lidity, Exhaust gases, Evaporation, Air pollution, Road
tests, Dynamometers, Automobile engines, Fuel tanks,
'Test vehicles, Preconditioning, Evaporative emis-
sions.
PB-270 378/3 PC A05/MF A01
Thermal Discharge and Its Effect on Macrolnver-
tebrates and Perfphyton In the Wabash and Whits
Rivers, Indiana,
Environmental Protection Agency, Evansville, Ind. Indi-
ana District Office.
Max A. Anderson, Ronald A. Ulrich, and Richard L.
Reising. Aug 73,83p EPA/905/74/001
Previously announced as PB-238 558.
A summary is reported of two surveys conducted to
determine the effects of six power plants on tempera-
ture, periphyton and macroinvertebrates in the White
River at Petersburg, Indiana and in the Wabash River.
Measurements of all parameters were taken before
and after operation of the power plants to establish
changes in water temperature and the relation of any
changes to the distribution and composition of the
other parameters. Only one station on the Wabash
River experienced marked changes: a temperature in-
crease of 5F above the ambient limit on several occa-
sions and an increase of periphyton and macroinverte-
brate samples in the area of the discharge canal. The
White River plants experienced a 5F rise more fre-
quently than did the Wabash River plant, and macroin-
vertebrate and periphyton populations increased most
significantly at a point 100 yards downstream from
both plants. The temperature range which most affect-
ed the macroinvertebrates was 95-99F.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Algae, 'Cooling water,
•Thermal pollution, 'White River, 'Wabash River,
Temperature measurement, Cyanophyta, Abundance,
Electric power plants, Temperature gradients, Sam-
pling, Tables(Data), Indiana, Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-270 387/4 PC A06/MF A01
The Douglas Fir Tussock Moth In the Pacific
Northwest. A Seminar Sponsored by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, D.C. November, 1073,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
H. J. Korp, D. A. Graham, B. L. Stevenson, R. E.
Buckman, and J. E. Schroeder. Nov 73,107p EPA/
540/9-73/002
The purpose of seminar was to bring experts from Fed-
eral, state, industrial, academic and environmental
agencies and organizations together In a single meet-
ing to explore technical problems and research needs
of tussock moth control for Douglas fir trees. Some of
the areas covered were: preventing Tussock Moth out-
breaks, Tussock Moth virus production, Forest indus-
196 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
try's views regarding Tussock Moth and research
needs.
Keywords: 'Insect control, 'Fir trees, 'Meetings, Pre-
vention, Management, Insecticides, Viruses, Oregon.
PB-270 395/7 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Characterization and Control Development Branch.
Assessment of Control Techniques for Reducing
Emissions from Locomotive Engines. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex.
John O. Storment, and Karl J. Springer. Apr 73, 320p
SWRI-AR-884
Contract EHS-70-108
Sponsored in part by Transportation Systems Center,
Cambridge, Mass. See also PB-229 991.
The primary objective of this study was to determine
the most effective method of reducing emissions of
oxides of nitrogen from a two-cylinder version of an
HMD series 567C locomotive
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains appendices
4F through 41 of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for
Evaporation Loss Sources, Petroleum Industry, Wood
Products Industry, and Assembly Plants.
Keywords: 'Regulations, "Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sources, Standards,
Forecasting, Performance evaluation, Chemical indus-
try, Paper Industry, Metal industry, Petroleum industry.
PB-270 549/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: State-by-State Listing of Cri-
teria Pollutant Emissions. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
E. C. Eimutis, and R. P. Quill. Jul 77,148p* MRC-DA-
686,EPA/600/2-77/107b
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-270 001.
The report lists mass emissions of criteria pollutants
from stationary sources on a state-by-state basis. The
list was prepared, using a computerized data base es-
tablished for emissions of air pollutants from approxi-
mately 600 stationary source types in the combustion,
organic materials, inorganic materials, and open
source categories. (A source type is defined as a group
of emission sources which have the same process and
emission characteristics.) The state-by-state list is in
two parts: a summary of state totals and state percent-
ages for each criteria emission; and a report on each
state, listing any source type which emits at least 1
percent of the state's total mass of emissions of any
criteria pollutant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
'Sources, Criteria, States(United States), Organic
wastes, Inorganic compounds, Summarizing, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Industrial wastes, Statistical data, Open
burning, Stationary sources.
PB-270 550/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Noncrlterla Pollutant Emis-
sions. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
E. C. Eimutis, and R. P. Quill. Jul 77,116p' MRC-DA-
692, EPA/600/2-77/107e
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report lists stationary sources that emit each of
320 noncriteria pollutants. It also indicates quantities
of such emissions. The list was prepared, using a com-
puterized data base established for emissions of air
pollutants from approximately 600 stationary source
types in the combustion, organic materials, inorganic
materials, and open source categories. (A source type
is defined as a group of emission sources which have
the same process and emission characteristics.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
•Sources, Criteria, States(United States), Industrial
wastes, Organic wastes, Inorganic compounds, Sum-
marizing, Trace elements, Polycyclic compounds, Sta-
tistical data, Open burning, Stationary sources.
PB-270 565/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
Analysis of Random Errors In Alr-Qualrty Meas-
urements. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Hugh J. Williamson, Otto M. Friedrich, and Joe D.
Stuart. Jun 77,76p RAD-77-100-044-16-07, EPA/906/
9-77/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
An analysis has been performed of the random errors
involved in measurements of ozone, SO2, NO, and
NOx made with the Radian-built air-monitoring trailers.
Differences observed between 'known' test gas con-
centrations and the corresponding machine responses
were used to quantify the error properties. Data ob-
tained through quality-assurance audits, performed
both by EPA and Radian, and through daily autocali-
brations of the Instrumentation were analyzed.
Keywords: 'Error analysis, 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Nitrogen oxides, Random errors, Monitors, Measur-
ing Instruments, Concentration(Composition), Calibrat-
ing, Sites, Experimental design, Performance evalua-
tion, Louisiana, Sensors, Monitoring, Quality assur-
ance, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-270 559/8 PC A02/MF A01
EPA-BMW Correlation Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
May 75,12pCORR-75-2
Exhaust emission and gas cylinder analysis data were
gathered at the EPA laboratory and at the new BMW
test facility in Farmington. The laboratories agreed
closely in the measurement of CO. Although there
were significant differences in the measured levels of
HC, NOx, and C02, it is believed that these discrepan-
cies were caused by differences in dynamometer type
and ambient conditions. Because of the limited
amount of testing done, it was not possible to generate
ambient correlation factors for the exhaust emissions.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible.)
Keywords: 'Test facilities, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobiles, Fuel consumption, Dynamometers, Gas cylin-
ders, Data acquisition, Exhaust gases, Measurement,
Differences, Test vehicles, Test methods, Fuel econo-
my.
PB-270 561/4 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Laboratory Correlation Study Between
EPA and the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Associ-
ation of the United States, Inc.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard E. Lowery. Sep 74,43p CORR-74-9
This report presents the results of an emission labora-
tory correlation study involving EPA and the Motor Ve-
hicle Manufacturers Association of the United States,
Inc. (MVMA). It specifically compares test equipment
characteristics and vehicle emission measurements at
the test facilities of EPA, American Motors Corpora-
tion, Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Gen-
eral Motors Corporation, and International Harvester
Company. Factors which may affect emission meas-
urement correlation, including dynamometers, con-
stant volume samplers, gas analysis systems, and am-
bient conditions, are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Motor vehicles, 'Test facili-
ties, Test equipment, Manufacturers, National govern-
ment, Correlation, Laboratories, Methodology, Meas-
urement, Dynamometers, Samplers, Gas analysis, Ex-
haust emissions, Research management, Test meth-
ods.
PB-270 562/2 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Tests on a Vespa 125 cc Prlmavera
Scooter,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Cackette. Nov 75,12p CORR-75-5
Since Vespa scooter models were of interest to EPA
because of their unique body design (and thus possibly
different road load characteristics) and because of
recent advertised claims of lower pollutant levels, tests
were performed at the EPA*Emissions Laboratory in
Ann Arbor, Michigan. The test procedure for this mo-
torcycle consisted of coast down tests to determine
road load horsepower, followed by emission tests. The
modified driving cycle for motorcycles with displace-
ments less than I70cc was used. The motorcycle was
carried through all portions of the driving cycle. The
average mass emissions along with the proposed in-
terim and final motorcycle emission standards are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motorcycles, 'Per-
formance tests, Air pollution, Standards, Dynamic
loads, Methodology, Statistical data, 'Motor scooters,
Road load characteristics, Air pollution standards,
Vespa motorcycles.
PB-270 563/0 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Laboratory Correlation Study Between
EPA and Audl-NSU Auto Union.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jun 74,15pCORR-74-8
This report presents the results of a laboratory correla-
tion c'.udy between EPA and Audi-NSU Auto Union of
Germany. An attempt is made to isolate equipment,
procedure, and ambient differences which affect the
degree of emission result correlation. A research vehi-
cle was tested at both Audi and EPA with regard to HC
emission correlation, with attention to some discrepan-
cies in measurements of CO and NOx. Differences in
dynamometers and ambient conditions seemed to be
the most important factors affecting the degree of
emission correlation.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehicles, 'Dy-
namic tests, Air pollution, Test facilities, Comparison,
United States, west Germany, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Dynamometers, Correla-
tions, Differences, Research vehicles.
PB-270 564/8 PC A02/MF A01
EPA-HONDA Emission Laboratory Correlation
Study.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Oct75, 17pCORR-75-4
A laboratory correlation program between the EPA
Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory (MVEL) and the
new Ann Arbor Honda emission test laboratory has
been completed. Statistical analysis of data are report-
ed from a 1976 Honda Civic CVCC tested for exhaust
emissions and fuel consumption at two inertia settings
regarding possible differences in measured values of
CO, CO2 and calculated fuel consumption, as well as
any statistical difference between measured quantities
of HC and NOx.
Keywords: 'Test facilities, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobiles, Laboratories, Correlations, Research pro-
grams, Exhaust gases, Fuel consumption, Measure-
ment, Differences, Data acquisition, Carbon monoxide,
Carbon dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Honda Civic automobiles, Test methods, Fuel econo-
my.
PB-270 572/1 PCA05/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Flue Gas Desulfurizatlon Using Fly Ash Alkali De-
rived from Western Coals. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 77,
Energy Research and Development Administration,
Grand Forks, N. Dak. Grand Forks Energy Research
Center.
H. M. Ness, E. A. Sondreal, F. Y. Murad, and K. S. Vig.
Jul 77,81 p EPA/600/7-77/075
The report gives results of tests investigating the use
of Western coal fly ash for scrubbing S02 from power-
plant flue gas, on a 130-scfm pilot scrubber at the
Grand Forks (ND) Energy Research Center and on a
5000-acfm pilot scrubber at the Milton R. Young Gen-
erating Station (Center, ND). Tests of the 130-scfm
unit were designed to investigate the effects of in-
creased sodium concentration on SO2 removal and
rate of scaling. Parameters investigated included
liquid-to-gas ratios (L/G), stoichiometric ratios (CaO/
SO2), and sodium concentration. Results indicate in-
creased S02 removal and decreased rate of scaling
as sodium concentration increases. Tests of the 5000-
acfm unit generated design and operating data for a
full-scale 450 MW fly ash alkali scrubber to be con-
structed at the same Station. Results indicate that suf-
ficient S02 can be removed to meet NSPS require-
ments, using only fly ash alkali when burning 0.75%
sulfur lignite.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, * Fly ash, 'Scrubbers,
•Electric power plants, "Sulfur dioxide, Coals, Alkalin-
ity, Pilot plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Flue gases, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Sulfur, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Process charting, Western coals.
PB-270 591-T PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, Manual on Haz-
ardous Substances In Special Wastes.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 76, 418p NATO/CCMS-55
NATO furnished. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C, Bundesminlster-
ium des Innern, Bonn (West Germany), and Federal
198 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Agency, Berlin (West Germany). Waste
Management Div. Prepared in cooperation with Stan-
ford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
The manual contains a selection of pure chemical sub-
stances relevant to waste. By selecting appropriate cri-
teria, it is designed to illustrate part of the danger po-
tential of these substances, at the same time providing
pointers as to the possible effects of waste that con-
tains these substances (special-waste). The remarks
are complemented by information on the formation
and disposal of such waste.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Solid waste disposal, Management plan-
ning, Industrial wastes, Toxicity, Industrial hygiene,
Halogen organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Nitro
compounds, Isocyanates, Nitriles, Cyanides, Polycy-
clic compounds, Phenols, Solvents, Pesticides, Bio-
cides, Drugs, Tars, Acids, Bases, Metals, Aldehydes,
Styrene, Asbestos, Chlorine, Fluorides, Phosgene,
Sources, Tables(Data), 'Chemicals, 'Liquid wastes,
Phenol/dinitro.
PB-270 592/9 PC A02/MF A01
Summary of ECTD Emission Laboratory Correla-
tion Programs Fiscal Year 1974. Technical support
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard E. Lowery. 3 Oct 74,21 p CORR-74-10
This report summarizes the results of ECTD 1974 labo-
ratory vehicle emission correlation programs, with con-
clusions relative to the state of current emission labo-
ratory correlation. Data are presented and analyzed
which show site-to-site correlation demonstrated
during ECTD programs. Regression analyses are pre-
sented which detect the effect of barometric pressure
and ambient humidity on correlation results. Other fac-
tors influencing the degree of site-to-site correlation,
namely dynamometer characteristics, vehicle variabil-
ity, CVS accuracy, and gas analysis accuracy, are pre-
sented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Data acquisition, 'Laboratories, Methodology, Test
facilities, Correlation, Dynamometers, Dynamic tests,
Regression analysis, Vehicles, Variations, Accuracy,
Data processing, Test methods.
PB-270 S94/S PC A09/MF A01
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Wash-
ington, D.C.
United States Evaluation Report on CCMS Road
Safety Pilot Study Follow-up (Rapport des Etats-
Unls sur (.'Evaluation des Suites Donnees a
L'Etude Pilots du CDSM sur la Securlte Routlsre).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 76,183p NATO/CCMS-44
See also PB-250 539. NATO furnished. Sponsored in
part by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Washington, D.C.
This report Is the final evaluation report of the road
safety pilot study follow-up. It Incorporates all pertinent
information contained in the interim report. Appendix
M is an executive summary consisting of charts pre-
senting the current status and overall evaluation of the
Key elements of the pilot study follow-up Including the
seven pilot study projects. Projects included pedestri-
an safety, alcohol and highway safety, motor vehicle
inspection, Identification and correction of road haz-
ards, accident investigation, emergency medical serv-
ices and experimental safety vehicles.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Traffic safety, Pedestrians, Al-
coholic beverages, Motor vehicles, Inspection, Acci-
dent investigations, Collision research, Medical serv-
ices, Emergency medical services, Experimental
Mfety vehicles, Drinking drivers, Alcohol related
crashes.
PB-270 600/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Georgetown Lake, Deer Lodge and Granite Coun-
nes, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
May 77,37p Working Paper-793
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Georgetown Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Montana, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Deer Lodge
County(Montana), Granite County(Montana).
PB-270 601/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Tiber Reservoir, Liberty and Toole Counties, Mon-
tana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,44p Working Paper-802
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tiber Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Liberty County(Montana), Toole
County(Montana).
PB-270 602/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Swan Lake, Lake County, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,41p Working Paper-800
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Swan Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Montana, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Lake County(Montana).
PB-270 603/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Nelson Reservoir, Phillips County, Montana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,36p Working Paper-798
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Nelson Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Phillips County(Montana).
PB-270 604/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Hebgen Lake, Qallatln County, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,42p working Paper-794
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition anal limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hebgen Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Gallatin County(Montana).
PB-270 605/9 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Canyon Ferry Reservoir, Broadwater and Lewis
and Clark Counties, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,52p Working Paper-790
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Canyon Ferry Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Montana, Eutro-
phication, 'Water qualify data, Broadwater
County(Montana), Lewis County(Montena), Clark
County(Montana).
PB-270 613/3 PC A03/MF A01
Division of Reactor Licensing (AEC), Washington, D.C.
An Examination of Electric Fields Under EHV
Overhead Power Transmission Lines. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
R. A. Tell, J. C. Nelson, D. L. Lambdin, T. Thit Athey,
and N. N. Hankin. Apr 77,49p EPA/520/2-76/008
Contract AT(49-24)-0125
The report contains measured data on electric field
strengths near ground level under 765 kV and 510 kV
single circuit and 345 kV double circuit overhead
power transmission lines, values of short circuit current
originating on vehicles situated in relatively Intense
electric fields, and estimates of perception and annoy-
ance for humans resulting from transient spark dis-
charge. Calculated data Is given for the electric field
strength beneath 765 kV single circuit, 500 kV single
circuit, and 345 kV single and double circuit lines.
Keywords: 'Power transmission lines, 'Electric fields,
Safety engineering, Field strength, Measurement,
Static discharges, Data, Perception, High voltage,
Ground vehicles.
PB-270 633/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Koocanusa Reservoir, Lincoln County, Montana,
and British Columbia, Canada. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
May 77,53p Working Paper-795
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
December 1983 199
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Koocanusa Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Montana,
Canada, Eutrophication, "Water quality data, Lincoln
County(Montana), British Columbia.
PB-270 634/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake McDonald, Flathead County, Montana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,43p Working Paper-797
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's tropic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake McDonald, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Flathead County(Montana).
PB-270 635/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Mary Ronan Lake, Lake County, Montana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,37p Working Paper-796
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mary Ronan Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Lake County(Montana).
PB-270 636/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Seeley Lake, Mlssoula County, Montana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,41 p Working Paper-799
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutn'ent is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Seeley Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Missoula County(Montana).
PB-270 637/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
200 Vol. 83, No. 26
Whitefish Lake, Flathead County, Montana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,43p Working Paper-804
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Whitefish Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Flathead County(Montana).
PB-270 641/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
A Study of the Short Term Agricultural User Ad-
justment Problems Associated with Major Pesti-
cide Regulatory Restrictions. Executive Summary,
CONSAO Research Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
A. Bernstein, D. Stewart, and R. Lowrey. 30 Nov 76,
39pEPA/540/9-77/014
Contract EPA-68-01-1917
See also PB-270 642.
The objectives of this study were to identify the range
of shortterm (three years) 'on the farm' user adjust-
ment problems associated with major pesticide regula-
tory decisions, as well as to explain user problems and
responses to those problems. This report deals with:
Crop production factors affecting user adjustment; In-
stitutional arrangements and activities; Comparison of
user adjustment responses and problems; Influential
forces in the user adjustment response process; and
Procedural recommendations for pesticide regulatory
actions. It was found that: a period of 3 years appears
to be a reasonable definition for describing 'short term'
transitional user adjustment problems. This study
found that during the first growing season affected by a
regulatory action, many farmers will attempt to 'buy
time' by stockpiling the banned pesticide. For some
farmers, such stockpiles may be sufficient to carry
them through the second growing season as well.
However, in the third growing season affected by a
regulatory action, few carry-over supplies of a banned
pesticide exist and thus, most, if not all, farmers are
forced to make an additional adjustment response.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations,
"Adjustment(Psychology), User needs, Pest control,
Constraining, DDT, Aldrin, Chloradan, Public law, Diel-
drin, Farm crops, Yield, Production, Attitudes.
PB-270 642/2 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
A Study of the Short Term Agricultural User Ad-
justment Problems Associated with Major Pesti-
cide Regulatory Restrictions. Final rept.,
CONSAO Research Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
A. Bernstein, D. Stewart, and R. Lowrey. 30 Nov 76,
233p EPA/540/9-77/019
Contract EPA-68-01 -1917
See also PB-270 641.
The objectives of this study were to identify the range
of shortterm (three years) 'on the farm' user adjust-
ment problems associated with major pesticide regula-
tory decisions, as well as to explain user problems and
responses to those problems. This report deals with:
Crop production factors affecting user adjustment; In-
stitutional arrangements and activities; Comparison of
user adjustment responses and problems; Influential
forces in the user adjustment response process; Im-
portant concerns for EPA; and Procedural recommen-
dations for pesticide regulatory actions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations,
'Adjustment(Psychology), User needs, Pest control,
Constraining, DDT, Aldrin, Chloradan, Public law, Diel-
drin, Farm crops, Yield, Production, Attitudes.
PB-270 646/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Tongue River Reservoir, Big Horn County, Mon-
tap'.. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
May 77,40p Working Paper-803
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tongue River Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Montana, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Big Horn
County(Montana).
PB-270 648/9 PC A11/MF A01
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Inst. of Rural Envi-
ronmental Health.
Environmental Chemicals: Human and Animal
Health (Proceedings) Held at Fort Collins, Colora-
do on August 7-11, 1972.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 72, 236p EPA/540/9-72/015
Sponsored in part by Colorado State Univ., Fort Col-
lins. Inst. of Rural Environmental Health.
Partial contents:
Environmental geochemistry in Missouri;
Trace elements in water;
Mercury as an environmental pollutant;
Molybdenum as an environmental pollutant;
Lead in soils and plants;
Heavy metal poisonings in animals;
Environmental chemicals and carcinogenesis;
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in humans;
Epidemiology of poisoning by chemicals;
Monitoring of environmental toxicants;
Carbon monoxide as a national problem;
Nitrates and water quality;
Teratogenesis and mutagenesis of environmental
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Chemical compounds, Envi-
ronments, Interactions, Relationships, Geochemistry,
Tables(Data), Trace elements, Toxic diseases, Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Exposure, Monitors, Epi-
demiology, Humans, Animals, Plants(Botany), Soils,
Lead(Metal), Mercury, Molybdenum, Missouri, 'Envi-
ronmental health, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Bi-
phenyl/chloro, Carcinogenesis, Heavy metals,
'Chemical effluents.
PB-270 650/5 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Influence of Trickle and Surface Irrigation on
Return Flow Quality. Final rept. jul 71-Feb 75,
New Mexico State Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Agronomy.
Peter J. Wierenga. May 77,178p EPA/600/2-77-093
Grant EPA-S-803156
A field plot study was conducted to determine the ef-
fects or controlled surface irrigation and trickle irriga-
tion on the quality and quantity of irrigation return flow.
The surface-irrigated plots showed an increase in salt
concentration with depth to the clay-sand interface.
Below the clay-sand interface at 80-100 cm, a sharp
decrease in salt concentration was observed. It ap-
peared that a larger change in soil salinity was pro-
duced by altering irrigation frequency than by changing
irrigation efficiency. Irrigating when 50 percent of the
soil water had been depleted was the irrigation fre-
quency most conducive to salt retention by the soils.
Trickle irrigation was effective in controlling the volume
of return flow, while maintaining relatively low salinity
levels in the soil around the trickle emitters. Accumu-
lated salts were readily moved away from trickle lines
by preplant irrigation or rainfall. The mean salt concen-
tration of the Irrigation return flow, as estimated from
deep soil solution samples, agreed well with the aver-
age salt concentration of the groundwater to a depth
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of 11 meters. Below 11 meters the salt content of the
groundwater decreased.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water quality, Surface irriga-
tion, Sprinkler Irrigation, Field tests, Salinity, Soil water,
Concentration(Composition), Leaching, Soil proper-
ties, Tables(Data), inorganic salts, Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, Efficiency, Correlation techniques, New Mexico,
'Return flow, Trickle irrigation.
PB-270 658/8 PC A04/MF A01
EPA-U.S. MVMA Correlation Study, 1975. Technical
support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman, and Gary M. Wilson. Jun 75,
51pCORR-75-1
In 1974, an exhaust emission correlation study was
conducted between EPA and the Motor Vehicle Manu-
facturers Association of the United States, Inc. As a
result of that test program it was decided that another,
but somewhat more limited study, should be conduct-
ed in early 1975. This report is a discussion of the 1975
EPA-MVMA correlation program. Test data were col-
lected in January, 1975. The purpose of this study is to
compare the results of vehicle exhaust emission and
fuel consumption tests at EPA facilities and several
American MVMA members. In addition to comparing
test results, this study also compares test equipment,
procedures and conditions used at each facility. If
there are any real differences in emissions and/or fuel
consumption measurement, it is hopeful that the analy-
sis of equipment, procedures, and conditions will
reveal the cause of these differences.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, 'Me-
chanical tests, Dynamometers, Methodology, Test
equipment, Exhaust gases, Measurement, Compari-
son, Fuel consumption, Light duty vehicles, Hot start
tests.
PC A03/MF A01
, Washington, D.C.
Research on Pests,
PB-270 666/1
Environmental Protection Agency,
A Study of Federally Financed I
Pesticides snd Pest Control.
Federal Committee on Pest Control, Washington, O.C.
1966,28p EPA/540/9-68/001
The Federal Committee on Pest Control was estab-
lished in 1964 by joint agreement among the Secretar-
ies of Defense, the Interior, Agriculture and Health,
Education, and Welfare to coordinate all Federal ef-
forts to control pests and to study the effects of pesti-
cides. Subcommittees were established to give special
attention to research pesticide monitoring of the envi-
ronment, public information, review of Federal pest-
control programs, and safety in pesticide marketing
snd disposal. The study reviews these functions.
Keywords: 'Pest control, Research management,
Safety, Pesticides, Monitoring, Organizations, Re-
views.
PB-270 686/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
w. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Source Testing of a Stationary Coke-Side Enclo-
sure Volume 1. Burns Harbor Plant, Bethlehem
«MI Corporation, Chesterton, Indiana,
cwyton Environmental Consultants, Inc., Southfield,
Thomas A. Loch, John E. Mutohler, Richard J. Powals,
•nd Janet L. Vecchio. 20 May 77,148p EPA/340/1 -
Contract EPA-68-02-1408
This report summarizes an emission study that docu-
"nentt the nature and extent of paniculate and gns-
•ous emissions typically emanating from the coke side
of Coke Battery No. 1 at the Burns Harbor Plant of
"•tntehem Steel Corporation, Chesterton, Indiana.
JT* Information was obtained to help provide a basis
JOt Development of EPA policy on coke-side coke bat-
wwy emissions and their control; assessment of the
"jKJuacy of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to
•Chteve National Air Quality Standards in areas proxl-
"jate to coke plants; and, assessment of the adequacy
"control devices being proposed for abatement of
°pk*-side emissions. The source testing Included
Jjjsurement of 48 different contaminants, and the
resulted In several process-emission correla-
Keywords: "Coking, 'Air pollution control, Particles,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sources,
Standards, Chemical analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Particle size distribution, Process charting, Design
criteria, Sampling, Opacity, Air quality, Fugitive emis-
sions, Chesterton(lndiana), Stationary sources, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-270 688/5 PC A03/MF A01
Hot Soak Temperature Constraints. In-House Test
Program rept. no. 5,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick. Feb 76,40p EVAP-76-1
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The goal of the in-house evaporative emission enclo-
sure (SHED) testing is to develop a concise, accurate,
and practical evaporative emission test procedure.
One of the critical questions requiring evaluation is
whether or not the enclosure method of testing for hot
soak emissions presents abnormally high vehicle tem-
peratures. In order to evaluate whether these tempera-
tures do occur in the enclosure, hot soak tests were
conducted in the enclosure and in the shop soak area
and various temperatures were monitored. The objec-
tive of this study was to determine if a maximum enclo-
sure ambient temperature should be specified for the
hot soak test and to determine what a reasonable
maximum temperature would be with respect to other
phases of the test procedure. Also, temperatures near
and on the surfaces of the inner and outer walls of the
enclosure were measured.
Keywords: 'Test facilities, 'Automobiles, 'Automotive
fuels, 'Evaporation, 'Air pollution, Methodology, Tem-
perature control, Sheds, Soaking, Heating, Enclo-
sures, Walls, Measurement, Fuel tanks, Sealed hous-
ing for evaporative determination, SHED testing, Hot
soak tests, Evaporative emissions.
PB-270 689/3 PC A02/MF A01
Hot Soak Time Constraints. In-House Test Program
Rept. no. 6,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick, and Gary Wilson. Jul 76,20p EVAP-
76-2
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The objective of the in-house evaporative emission en-
closure (SHED) test program is to develop a concise,
accurate and practical evaporative emission test pro-
cedure. One of the tasks identified for the test program
was to establish a recommended time from the end of
the dynamometer test cycle to the start of the hot soak
evaporative emission test. The objective of this report
is to use the collected data to establish the effect of
the time between the exhaust emissions and hot soak
emissions test phases on the measured evaporative
emission levels during the hot soak ana to recommend
a time tolerance based on this information and practi-
cal considerations. The time tolerances of two oper-
ations prior to the hot soak evaporative emissions test
were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Evaporation,
'Environmental tests, Technology assessment, Meth-
odology, Test facilities, Enclosures, Time studies, Rec-
ommendations, ToleranceslMechanics), Research
projects, Automotive fuels, Exhaust emissions, 'Hot
soak tests, 'Evaporative emissions, SHED testing,
Sealed housing for evaporative determination.
PB-270 690/1 PC A04/MF A01
Typical Vehicle Diurnal. In-House Test Program
rept. no. 4,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Gary M. Wilson, and Thomas Rarick. Oct 76,61 p
EVAP-76-3
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
A diurnal breathing loss test Is defined in the Federal
Register as 'fuel evaporative emissions as a result of
the daily range in temperature to which the fuel system
is exposed.'In the case of diurnal evaporative losses,
this situation is simulated In the Federal Test Proce-
dure by artificially heating the fuel tank (and Indirectly
the fuel itself) over a one hour period, such that the
tank fuel undergoes a temperature excursion from 60
to 84F. The report researches what Is presently known
about these three aspects of fuel tank diurnal losses
and compares them with the current test procedure.
An evaluation of the important differences between a
real-life diurnal and a simulated test procedure is made
using data gathered from an instrumented fuel tank.
This report primarily focuses on the mechanisms In-
volved in the evolution of hydrocarbon vapors from a
vehicle fuel tank.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automotive fuels, 'Evapora-
tion, 'Data acquisition, Tests, Diurnal variations, Tem-
perature, Motor vehicles, Fuel systems, Fuel tanks.
Simulation, Losses, Comparison, Methodology, Evalu-
ation, Hydrocarbons, Heating, Evaporative emissions,
Test methods.
PB-270 691/9 PC A02/MF A01
A Study of Methods for Reducing Evaporative
Background Hydrocarbon Emissions from New
Vehicles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick, and Lou Donato. Oct 76,18p EVAP-
76-4
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The purpose of this study Is two-fold: (1) to determine If
the magnitude of transient background levels could be
accurately predicted at some point In time by perform-
ing total evaporative emission tests; and (2) determine
If transient background levels could be artificially low-
ered to the point of insignificance by elevated tem-
peratures (baking) and or driving. Tests were conduct-
ed on 4 test vehicles for which total emissions were
measured intermittently over a 3-week period. Be-
tween emission measurements certain vehicles were
baked and/or driven on a dynamometer to attempt to
reduce their background emissions. At the end of this
testing at least two repeat background emissions tests
were conducted on each vehicle. The results are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Evaporation,
Experimentation, Automotive fuels, Paints, Vinyl
resins, Plastics, Feasibility, Reduction, Solvents, Math-
ematical prediction, Baking, Vehicular traffic, Re-
search projects, Dynamometers, Hydrocarbons,
'Evaporative emissions, New motor vehicles, Back-
ground emissions.
PB-270 692/7 PC A02/MF A01
Automotive Industry Effort Since February, 1976
to Comply with a 2.0 g/test Evaporative Emission
Level,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman. Dec 76,13p EVAP-76-5
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
On January 13,1976, a Notice of Proposed Rulemak-
ing (NPRM) for evaporative emissions from 1978 and
1979 model year light duty vehicles and trucks was
published In the Federal Register. The proposed evap-
orative emission standard was e.Og/test for the 1978
model year and 2.0g/test standard for the 1979 model
year. Comments on the NPRM were received from 13
automotive manufacturers. The purpose of this report
is to summarize the Industry progress since the com-
ments of the NPRM, in achieving evaporative emission
levels of less than 2g/test.
Keywords: *Alr pollution abatement, 'Motor vehicles,
'Regulations, 'Environmental surveys, 'Evaporation,
Standards, Manufacturers, Control, Performance eval-
uation, Data acquisition, Air pollution, Development, In-
dustrial engineering, Reduction, Automotive fuels,
Standards compliance, Air pollution standards, Evapo-
rative emissions, Light duty vehicles.
PB-270 694/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Chemlcal/Blolofllesl Implications of Using Chlo-
rine and Ozone tor Disinfection. Final project rept.
1972-76,
Minnesota Unlv.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
Robert M. Carlson, and Ronald Caple. Jun 77,99p
EPA/600/3-77/066
Grant EPA-R-800675
Chlorine is readily Incorporated Into a variety of organic
materials known to be present In water subjected to
chlorine-renovation procedures. The observed prod-
ucts can be predicted on the basis of commonly used
December 1963 201
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mechanistic considerations. The aqueous ozonation
studies confirm that mechanistic considerations devel-
oped in non-aqueous cases can be applied to the pre-
diction of products from ozone addition to dilute solu-
tions of unsaturated organics in water. The dominant
feature in the observed toxicity of phenols to Daphnia
magna was the lipophilic nature of the compound as
represented by the partition coefficient. The partition
coefficient of a compound has been shown as part of
this overall study to be readily obtained from its reten-
tion properties on a 'reverse-phase' HPLC column.
The effects of chlorination on biological oxygen
demand (BOD) were examined by comparing the BOD
requirements of a sample containing a given parent
system vs that of its chlorinated progeny. The results
Indicate that the chlorinated material is generally de-
graded less than the parent and that the lowered BOD
values appear, at least for phenols, to be associated
with the increased toxicity of the chlorinated material
to the degrading organism.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Disinfection,
'Chlorination, "Ozonization, "Water treatment, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Potable water, Industrial
waste treatment, Sewage treatment, Organic com-
pounds, Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Chemical
reactions, Phenols, Toxicity, Gas chromatography,
Anilines, Water quality.
PB-270 69S/0 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Procedures for Estimating Dry Weather Pollutant
Deposition In Sewerage Systems. Interim final plan-
ning document,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Boston,
Mass.
William C. Pisano, and Celso Queiroz. Jul 77,107p
EPA/600/2-77/120
Grant EPA-R-804579
Prepared in cooperation with Northeastern Univ.,
Boston, Mass.
A set of generalized procedures for estimating pollut-
ant loadings associated with dry weather sewage
solids deposition in combined sewer systems has
been prepared to provide planners, engineers and mu-
nicipal managers with technical information so that
they can make intelligent informed decisions on poten-
tial sewer flushing programs in combination with other
combined sewer management controls. The predictive
equations relate the total daily mass of pollutant depo-
sition accumulations within a collection system to
physical characteristics of collection systems such as
per capita waste rate, service area, total pipe length,
average pipe slope, average diameter and other more
complicated parameters that derive from analysis of
pipe slope characteristics. Pollutant parameters in-
clude suspended solids, volative suspended solids,
biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen
demand, total organic nitrogen and total phosphorous.
Sewer system age and degree of maintenance was
also considered. Factors are presented for estimating
the increase in collection system deposition resulting
from improper maintenance.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, "Flushing, "Water pol-
lution abatement, Mathematical models, Sewage,
Solids, Accumulation, Maintenance, Pipes, Slope,
Rainfall, Biochemical oxygen demand, Phosphorus,
Nitrogen, Regression analysis, Tables(Data), Field
tests, "Suspended solids.
PB-270 699/2 PC A03/MF A01
Ford-EPA Emission Laboratory Correlation Study.
Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch
Apr76,27pCORR-76-2
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
A specific emissions correlation program between the
EPA Vehicle Emission Laboratory and the Ford Motor
Company AEO facility has been completed. This report
summarizes emission and cross check results for this
program. Examination of the Ford mass simulator re-
sults, gas cross check results, and emission and fuel
economy comparisons do not indicate any serious cor-
relation problem between laboratories
Keywords: "Test facilities, * Exhaust emissions, "Auto-
mobiles, Research projects, Laboratories Cross cor-
relation, Data acquisition, Performance evaluation, Air
pollution, Fuel consumption, Dynamometers, Simula-
tors, Exhaust gases, Fuel economy. Test methods,
Cold start tests, Test vehicles.
PB-270 701/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Mercury In the Environment. A Compilation of
Papers on the Abundance, Distribution, and Test-
Ing of Mercury In Rocks, Soils, Waters, Plants, and
the Atmosphere.
Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
1970,73p USGS-Professional Paper-713, EPA/540/
9-70/002
This document is a compilation of papers on the abun-
dance, distribution, and testing of mercury in rocks,
soils, waters, plants and the atmosphere. The report
discusses known facts about mercury -- where, and in
what forms and quantities mercury is found; how it be-
haves in air, water, and earth materials; the impact of
man's activities on its distribution; and the effects of
the element on our lives. Furthermore, mercury is a
strategic metal, and, because the United States has
traditionally relied on imports for approximately half of
its requirements, there is obvious need for better un-
derstanding of the occurrence and distribution of mer-
cury in this country.
Keywords: "Mercury(Metal), "Geochemistry, "Raw
materials, "Bibliographies, Rocks, Soils, Atmospheric
composition, Environmental impacts,
Supply(Economics), Mercury ore deposits, Fossil
fuels, Transport properties, Plants(Botany), Ecology,
Distribution, Monitoring, Reserves, Pollution, Com-
modity management, Baseline studies.
PB-270 705/7 PC A02/MF A01
Modification of Evaporative Emission Enclosures
to Comply with Temperature Limitations of the
1978 Federal Testing Procedure. Technical support
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman. Jan 77,22jp EVAP-77-1
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The 1978 Federal Emissions Regulations require the
use of a vehicle enclosure (SHED) for the determina-
tion of evaporative emissions. An allowable air tem-
perature range inside the enclosure has been speci-
fied due to the effects of ambient temperature on
evaporative emission levels. The purpose of this test is
to develop a cooling system which would meet the
Federal evaporative emission test temperature re-
quirements. Two sizes of enclosures were used and
two cooling systems were designed. Information ob-
tained is presented.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Air pollution, "Test facili-
ties, "Technology, Development, Enclosures, Evapo-
ration, Systems engineering. Cooling systems, Tem-
perature control, Design, Regulations, Government
policies, National government, "SHED testing, Sealed
housing for evaporative determination, "Evaporative
emissions.
PB-270 708/9 PC A02/MF A01
Toyota-EPA Emission Laboratory Correlation
Study. Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Apr 76.11pCORR-76-1
EPA received a written request from Toyota Motor
Sales, U.S.A. Inc. to conduct a specific correlation pro-
gram. The program involved a series of hot start ex-
haust emission tests (2 sample bags), EPA highway
fuel economy tests, and gas cross checks of HC, CO,
NOx, and CO2 cylinders. The results of hot start ex-
haust emission tests, highway fuel economy tests, and
a gas cross check analysis are reported for acceptable
correlation between laboratories.
Keywords. 'Test facilities, "Exhaust emissions, "Auto-
mobiles, Laboratories, Comparison, Correlations, Dyn-
amometers, Fuel consumption, Gas cylinders, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
dioxide, Cross correlation, Hot start tests, Fuel econo-
my, Toyota Corolla automobiles, Toyota HI Lux auto-
mobiles.
PB-270 710/7 PC A02/MF A01
Motorcycle Usage. Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jan 76,15pMC-76-02
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
This report presents an analysis of motorcycle usage
data available from the 1974 Gallup Motorcycle
Survey. In addition to simply presenting these data, an
attempt is made to compare motorcycle usage with the
Federal Test Procedure being proposed in the NPRM
for testing motorcycles. It is recognized that insuffi-
cient survey data exist to fully quantify how motorcy-
cles are used; the attempt in this report is to study the
available data, qualitatively compare the data to the
driving cycles, and recommend areas in which addi-
tional data would be useful. Data obtained In this study
include average trip length, frequency, and speed plus
areas commuted through.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Data acquisition, Utilization,
Statistical data, Comparison, Tests, Surveys, Statisti-
cal data, Government policies, Planning, Trip statistics,
Test methods.
PB-270 711/5 PCA02/MFA01
Motorcycle Tailpipe Dilution CVS Study. Technical
support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Oct 76, 7p MC-76-09
A new exhaust dilution system has recently been de-
signed and built for use in motorcycle testing at EPA.
Prior to being put into use, it was necessary to deter-
mine if the new system was capable of meeting the re-
quirements as described in section 86.509(b) and (c)
of the motorcycle regulations. The purpose of this
report is to describe the findings of that study.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Motorcycles, "Tests,
Regulations, Exhaust pipes, Dilution, Water vapor,
Dynamometers, Static pressure,
Tolerances(Mechanics), Tailpipes.
PB-270 718/0 PC A03/MF A01
Regional Air Quality Impact of Motorcycles, Tech-
nical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Marcia Williams, and John Rothaar. Aug 75,44p MC-
75-04
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and oxide of ni-
trogen emission contributions of motorcycles are com-
pared with the emission contribution of light duty vehi-
cles, light duty trucks, and heavy duty vehicles nation-
wide and for six different air quality control regions
(AQCRs). The AQCRs were selected as representa-
tive of those regions having trouble meeting national
ambient air quality oxident and/or carbon monoxide
standards. The analysis indicated that uncontrolled
motorcycles alone are a relatively small percentage of
the present total mobile source emissions in all
AQCRs emissions. However, uncontrolled motorcy-
cles do represent a significant percentage ol the maxi-
mum allowable emissions in the AQCRs assessed. As
controls of other mobile sources (namely light duty ve-
hicles) become effective, the motorcycle if left uncon-
trolled would make a significant contribution to the air
pollution problem.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Exhaust emissions, "Re-
gions, "Environmental surveys, Air pollution abate-
ment, Problem solving, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Comparisons, Automobiles,
Motor trucks, Statistical distributions, Prediction*,
Comparative studies, Light duty vehicles, Heavy duty
vehicles.
PB-270 719/8 PC A02/MF A01
Twelve Hour Cyclic Operatlng/Non-Operatjng
Procedure for Distance Accumulation: Motorcy-
cle. Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch
Jan 76,6pMC-76-01
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
202 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of the distance and durability vehicle re-
quirements is to assess the aging or deterioration
characteristics of the mechanicals/stems which influ-
ence motorcycle emissions. The rationale for propos-
ing the 12 hour soak requirement following each 12
hour increment of motorcycle distance accumulation is
presented. This procedure for motorcycles deviates
from the light duty procedure which allows continuous
operation. It is considered that the motorcycle proce-
dure provides a more realistic simulation of the motor-
cycle deterioration process without additional cost or
time over the LDV procedure due to the substantially
shorter distance accumulation required of motorcy-
cles.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Regulations, "Performance
evaluation, "Air pollution, "Deterioration, Cycles, Dura-
bility, Operating characteristic curve, Service life, Sim-
ulation, Tests, Distance, Nonoperation time require-
ments.
PB-270 720/6 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Driver Mass Tolerance on Motorcycle
EmlMlon* and Fuel Economy. Technical support
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Nov76,13pMC-76-10
The objective of this testing program was to determine
the appropriateness with respect to emissions of the
driver mass tolerance (driver weight variation) speci-
fied in the motorcycle regulations. In developing these
regulations, two factors were considered: by specifying
a restrictive tolerance, too many potential test drivers
might be excluded; by specifying a broad tolerance,
wide variations in emissions results were considered
possible. To accommodate both of these factors, the
tolerance was specified as plus or minus 10kg. To de-
termine the appropriateness of this tolerance prior to
final rulemaking, a test program was conducted to
measure emissions and fuel economy at various driver
masses. The test vehicle used was a Honda CB 360
which represents a typical middle weight, four stroke
motorcycle.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Dynamic tests, "Motor vehi-
cle operators, "Regulations, Body weight,
Tolerances(Mechanics), Correlations, Specifications,
Exhaust emissions, Dynamometers, Fuel consump-
tion, Fuel economy, Driver mass tolerance, Honda mo-
torcycles.
PB-270 721/4 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Dynamometer Inertia Increment end
Power Setting on Emissions and Fuel Economy
«or Motorcycles. Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Aug75.13pMC-75-03
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
In developing motorcycle regulations, the Increment of
inertia weight to be set on the dynamometer was
picked as 10kg To provide data to support the choice
o' inertia increment, the effect of inertia on emissions
and fuel economy needed to be quantitatively defined.
Since road load horsepower setting Is based on inertia
increment, its effect on emissions and fuel economy
required evaluation. A test program involving measur-
ing emissions and fuel economy at various inertia and
road load horsepower settings was conducted. Also
evaluated was the magnitude of variations In the actual
*«tance covered while driving the UDDS, and deter-
mine the effects on emissions and fuel economy.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption Regulations, Requirements, Data acqui-
sition, Dynamometers, Inertia, Dynamic tests, Eyalua-
*>". Variations Distance, Road load characteristics,
Fuel
economy.
£8-270 778/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
p«rtx, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
SM - An Air Pollution Model Incorporating
2°n»neir Chemletry, Variable Tra|ectorle§, end
E*»me Segment DIMuilon. Final rept.,
°«tteiie Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash
* M. Hales, D. C. Powell, and T. 0. Fox. Apr 77, 157p
jpA/450/3-77/012
Contract EPA-88-02-1982
This document provides a technical description, user's
guide and program listing for (1) STRAM - a variable
trajectory, reactive plume-segment model for ground
level air pollution assessments resulting from multi-
source emissions on a multi-state scale, and (2) a sup-
porting program, Random-to-Grid, which generates
gridded wind data for STRAM from synoptic wind data
at arbitrarily located observing stations. The reactive
plume chemistry is calculated by a Subroutine STRAC
and related subroutines, which calculate the diffusion,
the wet and dry depletion, and the reactive chemistry
within each plume segment. The principal output of
STRAM is concentrations on the sampling grid and at
each particularly specified sampling point for each of
the analyzed chemical components, these are availa-
ble tor three averaging periods (1) once for the entire
running time, (2) serially for the basic sampling interval,
and (3) serially for an arbitrarily specified intermediate
time. Matrices of maximum values over all matrices of
this last type are also printed out.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Com-
puter programs, Concentration(Composition), Plumes,
Numerical analysis, Dispersion, Reaction kinetics,
Manuals, Atmospheric diffusion, "STRAM model, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB-270 78S/9 PC A02/MF A01
Methodology for Calculation of Dleeel Fuel to
Qaiollne Fuel Economy Equivalence Factore.
Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
John P. DeKany. Jan 76,17p FE-76-01
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
This study presents a methodology for calculating
energy equivalence conversion factors for fuel econo-
my ofdlesel fueled passenger vehicles relative to gas-
oline-fueled passenger vehicles. Both differences in
volumetric heating values for dlesel and gasoline fuels
as well as process energy savings attributable to refin-
ery production shifts to diesel fuels are treated in the
methodology.
Keywords: "Fuel economy, "Passenger vehicles,
Diesel fuels, Gasoline, Fuel consumption, Equiva-
lence.
PB-270 786/7 PC A02/MF A01
Incorporation of • Teet for Exhauet Sulfate Emis-
sion* Into the Federal EmlMlon Testing Proce-
dure. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman. Dec 76,23p LDTP-75-4
There are many possible sequences In which a test
procedure for gaseous exhaust emissions, evaporative
emissions, and exhaust sulfate emissions could be
conducted. This report identifies a few of these se-
quences which appear to be appropriate for the meas-
urement of these emissions. These candidate test pro-
cedures are then compared on the basis of test result
accuracy and consistency, and the laboratory require-
ments oi test time and manpower.
Keywords: "Sulfates, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Tests, Sulfuric acid, Evaporation, Motor ve-
hicles, "Air pollution detection, Fugitive emissions,
Procedures.
PB-270 787/9 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of the Vehicle Operational Character-
istics of the EPA Highway Dynamometer Driving
Schedule with the Rural Driving DiU Collected by
the QM CHASE Car Survey. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and support Branch.
Etwood W. Vogt. Sep 75,13p LDTP-75-3
The purpose of this report is to compare vehicle oper-
.tinnai i-h*rA(*Ari«Ucft of the EPA highway driving
I 1MB UUI VV<™ V» " "» i wpvn « >« •** w.-f— — .—... — .— —,
attonal characteristics of the EPA highway driving
9 with those of the General Motors Rural RT data
__i _j_i..;_,- .*_•. flUj»4uJ ktti rnetri titna\ THa /»AfI1«
cycle
cycle with those of we uenerai iwoiors nurai n i uow
(QM rural driving data filtered by road type). The com-
puter program developed by GM to evaluate the rural
GM CHASE Car data was also employed to analyze
the highway schedule. Therefore, driving characteris-
tics for both the GM Rural RT data and EPA HODS
were tabulated according to common criteria. Initially,
the more easily calculable parameters such as aver-
age trip length, average trip duration, and average trip
speed are confrastedTor the EPA HDDS and GKf Rural
RT data. Conclusion: comparison between the EPA
HDDS and GM data seems to suggest that both have
very similar operational characteristics, most notably
average trip speed. The primary discrepancies found
are that the highway cycle has more stops/mile and
the GM data includes substantial driving at speeds
above 60 mph.
Keywords: "Vehicular traffic, "Rural areas, "Data ac-
quisition, Highways, Methodology, Comparison, Com-
puter programming, Vehicles, Dynamometers, Veloc-
ity, Criteria, Chase vehicle method, Test vehicles, Trip
statistics.
PB-270 788/3 PC A03/MF A01
The Vehicle Road Load Problem - An Approach
by Non-Linear Modeling. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Sep 75, 32p LDTP-75-2
A method to accurately characterize the road experi-
ence of the vehicle is a prerequisite for accurate dyna-
mometer testing. In the usual coast down technique,
the vehicle roadload force is calculated from a numeri-
cal derivative of the speed versus time measurements.
This study significantly improves the coast down tech-
nique by eliminating the differentiation of the speed-
time data while maintaining the ability to treat the
forces on the vehicle as a general quadratic function of
vehicle speed. A model equation for the forces on a
freely decelerating vehicle is constructed; this equa-
tion is analytically transformed into an expression for
the speed of the freely decelerating vehicle as a func-
tion of time. This intrinsically non-linear equation is
then computer fitted to the speed versus time data re-
corded from the vehicle. Road load measurements re-
sults by this method are compared with results by the
drive shaft torque method.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Exhaust emissions, Dyn-
amometers, Measuring instruments, Air pollution, Ex-
haust gases, Mathematical models.
PB-270 799/0 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Air Pollution: Proceedings of the International
Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
Its Application (7th) Held at Alrlle House, Virginia
on 7-10 September 1976.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
1976,1111 p N ATO/CCMS-51
A Report of the Air Pollution Pilot Study. NATO fur-
nished. See also PB-251 328. Sponsored in part by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Papers presented at the seventh International Techni-
cal Meeting include examples of model validation and
model application, interregional and regional models,
sensitivity analysis and dispersion under low wind
speeds, numerical grids and physical modeling, tall
stack plume, including sulphate transformation and re-
moval, diffusion parameters and stability categories,
Innovative modeling techniques. This document con-
tains the individual papers submitted in these areas.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Air pollution, "Mathematical
models, Industrial wastes, Diffusion, Atmospheric
motion, Management planning,
Concentration(Composition). Isotopic labeling, Trans-
port properties, Combustion products, Chemical reac-
tions, Chimneys, Forecasting, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates,
Numerical analysis, Monitoring, Wind velocity, Sensi-
tivity, Urban areas, Environmental simulation, Air pollu-
tion control, Air pollution abatement, Air quality, Gaus-
sian plume models, Sensitivity analysis.
PB-270 852/7 PC A02/MF A01
Dynamometer Distance. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Rarick. Jul 75.9p LDTP-75-1
In addition to mass emissions, fuel economy is being
calculated under the assumption that the distance
travelled during the Federal test cycle Is 7.5 miles. It
has been proposed that the actual distance travelled
on the dynamometer be measured and used In the
mass emissions and fuel economy calculations. In
order to be able to use the total distance travelled in
the calculations, a means of accurately measuring the
December 1983 203
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
distance and a change in the Federal Register are re-
quired. The report investigates this distance. It is rec-
ommended that the total distance travelled on the dyn-
amometer be measured and also that the distances
travelled during each phase of the Urban Dynamo-
meter Driving Schedule exhaust test be used to calcu-
late the mass emissions. The total distance travelled
during the Highway Fuel Economy Test should be
measured and used in the calculation of fuel economy.
Keywords: 'Test equipment, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Motor vehicles, Fuel consumption, Methodology,
Computation, Distance, Dynamometers, Criteria, Rec-
ommendations, Air pollution, Production rate, 'Fuel
economy.
PB-270 853/5 PC A02/MF A01
EPA-Kawaaakl EmlMlon Measurement Compari-
son Test Program. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Cackette. Dec 75,24p MC-75-06
Three 1975 Kawasaki motorcycles were emission
tested at Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan, and at
the EPA Transportation Research Center of Ohio. The
ANPRM test procedure, which predates the current
procedure, was used. Emissions and fuel economy
compared well between facilities with the exception of
CO, which was significantly higher at EPA. Part of the
difference is attributed to ambient pressure differences
between facilities. It is recommended that factors de-
scribing the effect of ambient conditions on emissions
and fuel economy be developed.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Tests, Japan, Ohio, Carbon monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Com-
parison, Measurement, 'Kawasaki(Japan), Transpor-
tation Research Center.
PB-270 862/6 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Cyanide Removal from Petroleum Refinery
Wastawater Using Powdered Activated Carbon.
Final rept. Sep 75-Feb 77,
(IT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
James E. Huff, and Jeffrey M. Bigger. Jun 77,109p
IIEQ-77-08
Sponsored in part by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, Okla.
This research was initiated to investigate the feasibility
of using powered activated carbon (PAC) and cupnc
chloride for removal of cyanide in refinery
wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Cyanides, 'Acti-
vated carbon, 'Refineries, 'Petroleum industry.
•Copper chlorides, Industrial waste treatment. Feasi-
bility, Economic analysis, Regression anarys/s, Experi-
ments, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Sam-
ptlnfl.
PB-270 W4/2 PC A04/MF A01
TMt Procedure Analysis and Recommendations
for Supersonic Transport Aircraft Emission Meas-
urement Technical support rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Mich
Standards Development and Support Branch
Gary F. Austin. Nov 76,68p AC- 76-03
Determination of the emission levels from gas turbine
engines operating in the afterburning mode has proven
to be an extremely difficult task Thw report provides
analysts of two techniques for me measurement of ex-
haust emissions from afterburning engines, and pre-
sents the Air Force Plume Method (where emtsnoo
levels are determined down stream of the exhaust
where gas reactions are complete) as me preferred
method However, in limited area test environments.
the Near Plume Metnod (where ermsswn level* are de-
termined at the exhaust nozzle) is an acceptable alter-
native of determining the emission levels from after-
burning gas turbine engines
Keywords: 'Exhaust gas**, 'Supersonic a»ct*n,
ConcentfanorXComposmon). Gas turbine engine*.
Plumes. Chemical analysis. Gas enafysw, Sampfcng.
Monitors, Design cntena. Probes, A* pollution, 'A*
pollution detection, Far Plume Method, Near Plume
Method.
PB-270 865/9 MF A01
Wastewaten Is Muskegon County's Solution Your
Solution,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
V.
John M. Walker, Sep 76, 50p EPA/905/2-76/004,
MCD-34
Microfiche copies only.
Muskegon County has innoyatively transformed a
comprehensive idea tor utilizing and renovating
wastewater by land treatment into a very cost effective
operational system. This booklet has been prepared
for urban and industrial communities that face
wastewater and economic problems and that might
benefit from the Muskegon County experience. (Color
illustrations reproduced in black and white.)
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, Waste
water reuse, Aeration, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Revenue, Monitoring, Nutrients, Soil properties, Corn
plants, Yield, Photographs, Michigan, Muskepon
County(Michigan), 'Sewage irrigation, 'Land applica-
tion.
PB-270 8«6/7 PC A02/MF A01
Motorcycle Maintenance and Test Intervals. Tech-
nical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Sep 75, 13pMC-75-05
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
Maintenance and repair data from the Gallup Motorcy-
cle Survey are analyzed and test intervals for the emis-
sion and durability data vehicles are determined.
Scheduled maintenance intervals and the type of
maintenance allowable for the durability vehicle are
recommended. Major engine repairs are also ana-
lyzed.
Keywords. 'Motorcycles, 'Data acquisition, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Service life, Maintenance, Surveys, Time,
Questionnaires, Frequency, Distance, Repair frequen-
cy.
PB-270 892/3 PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Derivations of the Standards for TS
(Supersonic Transport) Class Qas Turbine Aircraft
Engine*. Technical support rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jan 76,38p AC- 76-01
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
Tr.is document contains five alternative approaches to
the development of standards for emissions from T5
class aircraft engines. Four of these approaches at-
tempt to comply with EPA's earlier stated intention to
set standards as stated in the Preamble to Aircraft
Standards, FR Vol 36 No. 136 19088. Three of these
approaches are found faulty by not imposing on the TS
class 'the same types of combustor design technol-
ogy, as will be required of subsonic aircraft'. The fourth
approach satisfactorily imposes the implementation of
a common, acceptable technology. A fifth approach is
investigated which attempts to set standards which
are compatible with the constraint of requiring compli-
ance in 1979 or shortly thereafter.
Keywords: 'Supersonic transports, 'Gas turbine en-
gines, 'Air pollution control equipment, "Exhaust
gases, Performance evaluation, Standards, Aircraft
engines. Substitutes, Technology, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides
PB-270 WS/6 PC A13/MF A01
Quality Assurance Practices and Procedures,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Central
Regional Lab
Bitty Fairies* Apr 77, 297p EPA/906/4-77/004
The program used by the Central Regional Laboratory
(CRL), Region V. EPA to control data quality is de-
scribed It includes management responsibilities, ana
lyttcaJ methods used, quality assurance audits for each
method and control limit* tor each audit Reference is
made to approximately 200 different analytical proce-
dures used to analyze air, water, sediment and biologi-
cal sample* for over 100 different parameters
Keyword* 'Quality a»»ur»nce, 'Environmental sur-
vey*, 'Chemical anarysi*. Audits. Management plan-
ning, Water analysis, Gas analysis, Sediments, Senst-
'.ivity, Bioassays, Detection, Pesticides, Laboratory
equipment, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Measuring instruments, Accuracy, Procedures.
PB-270 896/4 PC A17/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Cost/Effectiveness Analysis ot the Illinois Ozone
Episode Regulation (H75-4). Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., III. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Alan S. Cohen, Charles M. Macal, and James D.
Cavallo. May 77, 386p IIEO-77-04
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
This report describes the procedures used to conduct,
and the results of, a cost-effectiveness study of the Illi-
nois episode control regulation as it pertains to ozone
(oxidants), i.e., PCS R75-4. There are four episode
stages that can be declared at specified ozone levels:
(1) advisory, for ozone levels of 0.07 ppm; (2) yellow
alert, 0.17 ppm; (31 red alert, 0.30 ppm; and (4) emer-
gency, 0.50 ppm. No control actions are taken during
advisories.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Illinois, 'Regulations, 'Cost ef-
fectiveness, 'Air pollution control,
Concentration(Compositlon), Automobiles, Exhaust
emissions, Industrial wastes, Refuse disposal, Manu-
facturing, Cost analysis, Motor vehicles, Mining, Sensi-
tivity. Combustion products, Electric power plants, In-
cinerators, Air conditioning, Stationary sources,
Chicago(llfinois).
PB-270 897/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Destroying Chemical Wastes In Commercial Scale
Incinerators. Facility Report No. 6. Rollins Envi-
ronmental Service, Inc., Deer Park, Texas. Facility
test rept.,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
D. Ackerman, J. Clausen, R, Johnson, R. Tobias, and
C.Zee. 1977, 173pEPA/SW-122c.5
Contract EPA-68-01-2966
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-287 987.
Incineration tests were conducted at Rollins Environ-
mental Services, Inc., Deer Park, Texas, to determine
the effectiveness of thermally destroying two selected
industrial wastes: PCB-contaJning capacitors and ni-
trochlorobenzene waste (NCB). Analysis ol combus-
tion gas samples indicated destruction efftaencie* o*
over 99.999 percent for each waste constituent. Some
PCBs were detected in the ash when whole capacitor*
were incinerated in the rotary kiln, but not when ham-
mermilled capacitors were burned. Standard EPA
Method 5 tests were performed on slack emission »
determine paniculate loading and composition Esti-
mated cost to hammermlll and inclneiate 5000 metric
tons of waste capacitors per year is $3 85 capital in-
vestment and an operating cost of $751 /metric ton.
Cost of incinerating 4540 metric tons/year ot NC8 was
estimated to be $2.82 million capital and $283/met*
ton operating cost*.
Keyword*: 'Incinerators, "Industrial waste*.
waste disposal, Mas* spectroscopy, Ga* crvomaW
raphy. Sampling, Air pollution control equipment. Pȣ
lormance evaluation, Combustion product*. Cost anal-
ysis, Capacitors, Efficiency, Performance evaluation.
Capitalized costs, Operating co*ts, Ga* an*V*Ji
Chemical analysis, Scrubbers, Field le*t*. "LKJU"
wastes, 'Polychlorinatedbiphanylii. *B»ru»r»e/cr**o-
nitro.
PB-270 898/0
PB-270 898/0 PC AOI/-.
Source* ot Variability and InaecuredM tt ***"£]
Oat Turbine EmlMlon Measurements TecW*»
support rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor.
Standards Development and Support Brancft
Feb 78, 30p AC 76-02
Variability and inaccuracies tn moan ga*
won measurements caused by caHbreuon
strumenl precision, sampling error*, engine
precision, and ambient condition effect* <*
of major concern Under standing and/or
Ihese factor* is critical to the development o* *
204 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
measurement procedure. This report details and pro-
vides analysis of the various (actors contributing to
emission measurement inaccuracy. Discussion is pre-
sented lor all major sections and components of the
emission sampling system.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Gas analysis, 'Gas
turbine engines, Aircraft, Performance evaluation,
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Probes, Smoke, Calibrat-
ing, Variability. Detectors, Error analysis, "Air pollution
detection.
PB-270 910/3 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati. Ohio.
Electro-Regenerated Ion-Exchange Delonlzatlon
of Drinking Water. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Thomas A. Davis. Jun 77, 83p SORI-EAS-77-069,
EPA/600/1-77/035
Contract EPA-68-03-2209
This report presents the development of a device for
removal of inorganic salts from drinking water to facili-
tate the subsequent concentration of organic solutes
for btoassay. Prior attempts to concentrate the organic
solutes by reverse osmosis (RO) resulted in precipita-
tion ol the inorganic salts. To prevent this precipitation,
the drinking water is pretreated by Electro-Regenerat-
ed Ion-exchange Deionizatlon (ERID). The ERID
device developed for this purpose is essentially an
electrodialyzer with thick depleting compartments
packed with a mixture of anion- and cation-exchange
resin beads. The resins provide a conductive medium
for electrical transport of ions out of the demineralized
water, through ion-exchange membranes, and into a
concentrated waste stream.
Keywords: 'Water treatment. 'Ion exchanging 'Water
pollution control, 'Electrodialysis, Potable water. Inor-
Oanic salts. Osmosis, Colonization, Membranes.
Precipttation(Chemistry). Design critena, Performance
evaluation. Reverse osmosis, 'Electroregeneration
ton exchanging.
PB-270911/1 PCA06/MFA01
Umeetone and Urn. Neutralisation of Ferrou.
Iron Add Win* Drainage. Final rept. Jan 74-Jan 76
Environmental Protection Agency, Rrvesvltte. W. va.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Ag
« 2-yr study on hydrated time and rock-ua
neutralization of acid mine drainage containing ferrous
£on at the EPA Crown Mine Drainage Control I Fled
SHe nea, Rtvesville. West Virginia. The study investt-
jXted optimization of the limestone process and Its
fcasibHity in comparison with hydrated lime treatment
Operating parameter., design factors and reagen
«*ts fJ70 912/9 PC A06/MF A01
l^onrnental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
•. N.C Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ment of a Methodotooy and EmJealon (n-
tor Fugitive Duel for the Regional Mr f»
tudy. Final tept ,
i Research Insl, Kansas Oiy. Mo
rd and Christine Guenlher Jan 76,
Region as part of the Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS). The inventory encompassed the following
source categories: (a) unpaved roads, (b) agricultural
land tilling, (c) wind erosion of agricultural land, (d)
construction sites, (e) aggregate storage piles, and (f)
unpaved airstrips. Results presented in this report in-
clude temporal apportioning factors, county totals of
annual source extent and annual emissions for each
source category
Keywords: 'Dust, Methodology, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Sources, Roads, Land, Agriculture, Wind ero-
sion, Construction industry, Sites, Aircraft landing area,
Concentration(Composition), Metropolitan areas. 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air quality,
Saint Louis(Missouri), Regional Air Pollution Study,
RAPS program.
PB-270 913/7 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fate of Trace and Minor Constituents of Coel
During Ossification. Final task rept.,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
A. Attari, J. Pau, and M. Mensinger. Sep 76,46p EPA/
600/2-76/258
Contract EPA-88-02-1307
The report gives results of a study of the fate of select-
ed minor and trace elements of Montana lignite and Illi-
nois No. 6 bituminous coals during development of the
HYGAS process. Solid residue samples from various
development stages were analyzed. The data indicate
that certain volatile trace elements are removed from
the coal during gasification. Removed from the solids
during processing were such elements as antimony,
arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, chlorine, fluorine, mercury,
lead, selenium, and tellurium. It is estimated that, in a
full scale operation, these will appear in the quench
water system.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Trace elements,
'Chemical analysis, Residues, 'Air pollution control,
Lignite, Bituminous coal, Volatility, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Samples, HYGAS process,
PDU process.
PB-270 915/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Dallas, Tex. Region
VI.
Intensive Water Quality Sampling Programa In
North Central Texaa (1977).
North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arling-
ton.
Mar 77, 20p NCTCOG/WR-77/02
Grant EPA-P-006038-0 1-0
The document summarizes the objectives and outlines
the methodologies of the several intensive water qual-
ity sampling programs being conducted as part ol or In
coordination with the Dallas/Fort Worth '208'
areawide water quality management planning process.
These include an in-depth field study of the Impact of
land use on Lake Ray Hubbard, Trinity River continu-
ous automated monitors and water/sewage treatment
plant sampling during storm events, river bottom sedi-
ment analysis, and several urban/nonurban runoff
sampling activities Contact persons lor each program
are also listed
Keywords 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution abatement.
Sewaoe treatment, Runoff. Urban areas, Sources,
Water quality management. Storms, Sediments. Trinity
RiveT Land use. Lake Ray Hubbard, Protect planning,
Texas, DallasfTexas). Fort WorthfTexas).
PC A04/MF A01
Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Analytical
elM Inductrvety Coupled PJaama, Muh
SSwwer toectrometrtc Anatyate Syetem. Interim
rept 1 Mar 73-31 Dec 75,
RTw&!7M. «*a"*FWi and R N Knl*etey'
jun77,57pEPA/600/4-77/532
plaama. multielement atomic
—«., crA 60-02-2040
IljV'epoft outline* the methodology that was usedin
STpP^M an hourly fugitive dust emissions inventory
w "* Melropotitan^ Louis Air Quality Control
ance, dynamic range, reproducibility of analytical re-
sults, and stray light properties of the instrument. The
instrument as a whole performed well, but stray light
arising from calcium and magnesium in typical hard
waters caused significant errors at low concentration
levels for a number of critical elements. Suggestions
tor reduction ol the stray light and for empirical correc-
tion of its effects are discussed.
Keywords: 'Spectrochemical analysis, 'Water analy-
sis, "Trace elements, Atomic spectra, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria,
Concentralion(Composition), Chemical analysis, Error
analysis, Monitoring, Plasmas(Physics), 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Computer aided analysis.
PB-270 921/0 PCA12/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada,
Okla.
Selected Irrigation Return Flow Quality Abstracts,
197S. Fifth Annual Issue. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering.
G. V. Skogerboe, S. W. Smith, and W. R. Walker. May
77, 259p' EPA/600/2-77/094
Grant EPA-R-800426
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-253 664.
Approximately 100 sources of material have been
searched for articles pertinent to the National Irrigation
Return Flow Research and Development Program.
These articles describe water quality problems result-
ing from irrigated agriculture, potential technological
solutions for controlling return flows, recent research
pertinent to return flow investigations, and literature
associated with institutional constraints in irrigation
return flow quality control. This annual issue lists 501
abstracts of publications printed in 1975.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution control, 'Irri-
gated land, Abstracts, Fertilizers, Inorganic nitrates, In-
organic phosphates, Salinity, Water quality. Irrigation
systems, Reviews, Ground water recharge, Agricul-
ture, Bibliographies, Aquifers, Hydrology, Saline soils,
•Return flow, Water pollution effects(Plants), Sewage
irrigation.
PB-270 922/8 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Trace Elements In Coal: Occurrence and Distribu-
tion. Final rept. Jun 74-Jun 78,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
H. J. Gluskoter, R. R. Ruch, W. G. Miller, R. A. Cahlll,
and G. 8. Dreher. Jun 77,165p EPA/800/7-77/084
Contract EPA-68-02-1472
The report gives results of chemical analyses of whole
coal samples, bench samples (vertical), and washed
coal samples. Most of the samples were from the Illi-
nois Basin, but other U.S. coal producing areas are
also represented. In addition to the standard analyses
of coal parameters, approximately 60 elements were
also analyzed. Statistical analysis of the whole coal
samples data Indicates that elemental concentrations
tend to decrease from the Eastern to Western coals:
elements with the greatest variation are identified with
the discrete mineral matter; those with the least, with
the organic matter. The bench samples indicated wide
variations In elemental concentrations within a single
coal seam: the greatest differences' were found in the
top and bottom of the seam. The trace elements were
classified Into four organic affinity groups, based on
the analytical data: organic, intermediate-organic, in-
termediate-Inorganic, and inorganic.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Trace elements, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Concentratlon(Composition), Sampling, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Neutron activation
analysis, Emission spectra. Spectrochemical analysis,
Atomic spectra, Absorption spect/a. X ray analysis, X
ray fluorescence, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-270 923/6 PCA11/MFA01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (2nd), Held In New Orleans, La.
on August 29-September 1, 1977. Volume I. Small
Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Systems.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,. Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Jul 77, 243p EPA/600/7-77/0738
December 1983 205
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contents:
Stationary source combustion control -
environmental engineering R&D at IERL-RTP;
Environmental assessment of stationary source
NOx combustion modification technologies;
Design optimization and field verification of an
integrated residential furnace;
Performance of a thermal aerosol oil burner;
Effects of fuel and atpmization on NOx control for
heavy liquid fuel-fired package boilers;
NOx control techniques for package boilers--
Comparison of burner design fuel modification
and combustion modification;
Evaluation of emissions and control technology for
industrial stoker boilers;
Field testing-application of combustion
modifications to control pollutant emissions
from industrial boilers ~ phase 2;
Stoker fired industrial boilers as specified by ERDA.
Keywords; 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Tech-
nology, Furnaces, Design criteria, Boilers, Field tests,
Revisions, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-270 932/7 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Winery Wastewater Characteristics and Treat-
ment Final rept.,
Widmer's Wine Cellars, Inc., Naples, N.Y.
K. Lynn Sirrine, Paul H. Russell, Jr., and Jake
Makepeace. Jun 77,78p EPA/600/2-77/102
Prepared in cooperation with French (R. T.) Co.,
Shelly, Idaho and Harnish and Lookup Associates,
Newark, New York.
This report has been prepared to fulfill a Research, De-
velopment and Demonstration Grant. The grant was
awarded to investigate a method of treatment for
winery wastewaters. In brief - the grapes are harvested
in the fall and are immediately pressed of their juice.
The juice is fermented, aged and blended to wines.
The solid residue is tilled into the soil for disposal and
fertilization. Wastewater is generated from washing of
the equipment, cleaning tanks, spills, etc. The
wastewater is low in pH and high in sugars. More
waste is generated during the short pressing season
than during the processing season. A long term acti-
vated sludge treatment system followed by a tertiary
sand filter is studied. BOD and solids removals are im-
pressive. This paper describes this treatment system
and characterizes the winery wastes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Wines, 'Industri-
al waste treatment, Activated sludge process, Filtra-
tion, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aerobic processes,
Anaerobic processes, Performance evaluation, Cost
analysis, Operating costs, Process charting, Design
criteria.
PB-270 942/6 PC A2S/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Livestock and the Environment A Bibliography
with Abstracts. Volume IV. Final rept,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada. Animal
Waste Technical Information Center.
M. L. Rowe, and Linda Merryman. May 77,577p'
EPA/600/2-77-092
Grant EPA-R-801454
See also Volume 3, PB-2S9 942.
Management and research information on animal
wastes has expanded rapidly in recent years. This ma-
terial has appeared in such diverse sources as journal
articles, conference papers, university publications,
government publications, magazine articles, books or
book chapters, and theses. This bibliography was
compiled in order to speed the flow of information on
findings in one segment of the livestock industry to
other segments that could benefit from this technol-
ogy. Included in this publication are the following in-
dexes: (1) author, (2) animal information categories.
These Indexes are followed by a section of abstracts
of each reference entry found in the bibliography.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Bibliographies, 'Water pollution,
Beef cattle, Dairy cattle, Sheep, Poultry, Swine, Aqua-
curture, Runoff, Waste disposal, Livestock,
lndexes(Documentation), Air pollution, Water pollution
control, 'Feedlot wastes, Confinement pens, 'Live-
stock industry, Waste recycling, Waste utilization.
PB-270 952/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Utilization of Cheese Whey for Wine Production.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jun 76,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Food Science
andTechnology.
Hoya Y. Yang, Floyd W. Bodyfelt, Kaye E. Berggren,
and Peter K. Larson. Jun 77,29p EPA/600/2-77/106
Grant EPA-R-803301
Wine was successfully produced in the laboratory from
cheese whey. The method used involves the depro-
teimzation of either sweet (Cheddar cheese) whey or
acid (cottage cheese) whey by heat or ultrafiltration,
the addition of sulfur dioxide to stabilize the whey by
Kruyveromyces fragilis. Since the lactose will yield only
2% or 3% alcohol, it is necessary to add dextrose and
to ferment it with Saccharomyces cerevlsiae to in-
crease the alcohol content of whey wine. Yeast nutri-
ents such as nitrogen and addition of B-vitamins were
found to be unnecessary for whey wine fermentation,
as the whey itself contains sufficient nutrients for yeast
growth. At least two rackings are necessary before the
wine is fined with bentonite. Whey wine is filtered
before bottling, and pasteurization is required for a
sweetened whey wine, unless an aseptic method is
used. Results are quite encouraging. The whey wine
was acceptable to a great majority ot tasters, who pre-
ferred it slightly sweet. Blends of whey wine with fruit
and berry wines were also liked. Whey wine with flavor-
ing materials such as citrus and cola also showed
promising results.
Keywords: 'Wines, Industrial plants, Industrial wastes,
Byproducts, Dairy industry, Filtration, Sulfur dioxide,
Manufacturing, Fermentation, Nutrients, Flavor,
'Whey, Ultrafiltration.
PB-270 959/0 PC A03/MF A01
Survey of Continuous Source Emission Monitors:
Survey No. 1 - NOx and S02. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
Michael C. Osborne, and M. Rodney Midgett. Apr 77,
43p EPA/600/4-77/022
The Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Laboratory has under-
taken the task of evaluating the accuracy and reliability
of continuous monitors which have been on-line for six
months or longer. Only extractive monitors installed in
power plants, sulfuric acid plants, and smelters were
included in the first survey, the program was designed
so that additional industries and types of monitors
could be included in later surveys. The plan for the ini-
tial survey involved sending NBS-traceable gas cylin-
ders of varying concentrations of SO2 or NO to the
participating industries. The gases from the cylinders
were introduced into the monitoring systems and the
resulting data made available to both the QAB and the
industry. Results from this survey of eight different
companies, ten different plant sites, and nineteen dif-
ferent monitors revealed that less than half of the mon-
itors failed to achieve a performance accuracy of + 10
percent. The instruments which failed most often were
the ones that have seen less wide-spread use. In gen-
eral, the S02 monitors and the NOx monitors per-
formed equally well. However, more information was
available on SO2 monitors since they outnumbered
NOx monitors in this survey almost two to one.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Continu-
ous sampling, 'Quality assurance, Monitors, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sites, Field tests, Environmental sur-
veys, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Electric
power plants, Chemical industry, Smelters, Sulfuric
acid, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-270 960/8 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Design Procedures for Dissolved Oxygen Control
of Activated Sludge Processes. Final rept. Jun 74-
Oct 76,
Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, Calif.
Michael J. Flanagan, and Brian D. Bracken. Jun 77,
236p EPA/600/2-77/032
Contract EPA-68-03-2130
This report presents design procedures and guidelines
for the selection of aeration equipment and dissolved
(DO) control systems for activated sludge treatment
plants. Aeration methods, equipment and application
techniques are examined and selection procedures of-
fered. Various DO control systems are described with
recommendations for system applications to various
aeration equipment types and process configurations.
Performance, operational and maintenance data for
aeration equipment and DO control systems for twelve
activated sludge plants is presented. This information
and other design recommendations in the report are
used to develop automatic DO control systems for var-
ious size hypothetical activated sludge system con-
figurations. The conclusion is drawn that the capital
and operating costs of automatic DO control systems
are justified for activated sludge plants larger than 1
mgd (44 cu dm) provided equipment is selected and
applied in accordance with the guidelines of the design
manual and a power cost equal to or greater than the
national average power rate is applicable.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Aeration, 'Automatic control, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Monitoring, Process control, Fluid flow, Aera-
tors, Blowers, Control equipment, Cost effectiveness,
Design.
PB-270 961/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Pyrolysls of industrial Wastes for OH and Activat-
ed Carbon Recovery. Final rept. Aug 72-Mar 75,
Occidental Research Corp., La Verne, Calif.
F. B. Boucher, E. W. Knell, G. T. Preston, and G. M.
Mallan. May 77, 192p EPA/600/2-77/091
Grant EPA-S-801202
The Occidental Research Corporation (formerly Gar-
rett Research and Development Company, Inc.) has
developed a new Flash Pyrolysis process which can
produce up to two barrels of synthetic fuel oil from a
ton of dry cellulosic solids. This report presents the re-
sults of a four-phase laboratory, pilot plant, product
evaluation and engineering evaluation program to
study the pyrolytic conversion of Douglas fir bark, rice
hulls, grass straw and animal feedlot waste to synthet-
ic fuel oil and char. With the use of an existing 4 ton/
day pilot plant, good quality products were obtained
from all feedstocks except animal waste, A wax by-
product was obtained from the pyrolysis of fir bark and
grass straw. Excellent pilot plant material balances
were obtained for oil production runs on Douglas fir
bark and rice hulls, and these were satisfactorily com-
busted in a standard test boiler. Similar yields were ob-
tained from semi-quantitative runs using grass straw.
The pyrolytic chars from tree bark and nee hulls were
evaluated as a source of activated carbon, and tree
bark char was satisfactorily compressed to produce
excellent quality charcoal briquettes. The economic
evaluation shows that a 1200 dry ton/day tree bark
conversion plant could be built and operated with a
profit of about $10/ton of dry bark. The breakeven
point for this process to produce synthetic fuel oil and
char for briquettes appears to be 300 dry tons of bark/
day.
Keywords: 'Pyrolysis, 'Industrial wastes, 'Fuel oil,
'Activated carbon, 'Cellulose, Pilot plants, Materials
recovery, Byproducts, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Proc-
ess charting, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, 'Solid
wastes.
PB-270 963/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Office
of Great Lakes Coordinator.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity, Black Creek Project, Allen County, Indiana.
Progress rept.,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, Ind.
James E. Lake, and James Morrison. Nov 76,59p
EPA/905/9-76/004
Grant G-005103
See also PB-258 609.
This is a progress report on the Black Creek sediment
control project. This project is to determine the envi-
ronmental impact of land use on water quality and has
completed its third year of watershed activity The
project, which is directed by the Allen County Soil and
Water Conservation District, is an attempt to deter-
mine the role that agricultural pollutants play in the
206 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
degradation of water quality in the Maumee River
Basin and ultimately in Lake Erie.
Keywords: 'Water quality, •Sediments, *Erosion con-
trol, 'Black Creek, Land use, Rainfall, Cultivation,
Drainage, Conservation, Runoff, Lake Erie, Soil ero-
sion, Correlation techniques, Fertilizers, Sediments,
Nutrients, Monitoring, Attitude surveys, Maumee River
Basin, Indiana, 'Allen County(lndiana), Nonpoint
source pollution.
PB-270 965/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
A Study of New Catalytic Agents to Determine
Chemical Oxygen Demand. Rept. for 20 Jul 76-20
Dec 77,
Texas Southern Univ., Houston. Dept. of Chemistry.
Ray f. Wilson. May 77, 39p EPA/600/4-77/038
Grant EPA-R-803779-01
This study was made to find a catalyst to replace silver
sulfate in the COD method in order to reduce the cost
of the determination. The results show that compara-
ble results to the standard method for concentration of
50-500 mg/l could be obtained using a reduced
amount of silver sulfate in combination with magne-
sium sulfate. Another procedure is described for deter-
mining COD in the range of 5-50 mg/l using a combi-
nation of silver sulfate, aluminum sulfate and magne-
sium sulfate to replace silver sulfate.
Keywords: 'Catalysts, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
'Water analysis, Water pollution control^ Cost analy-
sis, Concentration(Composition), Magnesium sulfates,
Aluminum sulfate, Condensing, Experiments, Chemi-
cal analysis, Samples, 'Water pollution detection,
Silver sulfate.
PB-270 967/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Technol-
ogy Development and Applications Branch.
Simulation of Nutrient Loadings In Surface Runoff
with the NPS Model. Final rept.,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
Anthony S. Donigian, Jr., and Norman H. Crawford.
Jun 77, 123p EPA/600/3-77/065
Grant EPA-R-8033 15-0 1-2
The Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loading (NPS) Model
was applied to one urban and two small agricultural
watersheds to simulate nutrient loadings in surface
runoff. Since the NPS Model simulates all nonpolnt
pollutants as a function of sediment loss, the key ques-
tion was whether sediment is a reliable indicator of nu-
trients in surface runoff. Both the literature surveyed
and the results of this work indicate Total nitrogen (N)
and Total phosphorus (P) can be reasonably simulated
in this manner. Also, organic components of N and P
can be simulated since they are generally associated
with sediment and comprise a major portion of the total
nutrients in surface runoff.
Keywords. 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution
abatement. Urban areas, Agriculture, Mathematical
rnodels, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Computerized simula-
tion, Estimates, Sources, Tables(Data), Computer pro-
grams, NPS model, NPS computer program, "Non-
point sources, 'Urban hydrology, 'Agricultural water-
sheds, Organic loadings.
PB-270 878/0 PC A03/MF A01
Management Policy for the Assurance of Rs-
••arch Quality, Health Effects Research Labora-
tory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Quality assurance document no. 1 .
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Jun 77, 34p EPA/600/1-77/036
The document presents policies, goals, and an organi-
sational structure for the implementation of a manage-
ment policy for the Quality Assurance program in the
Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Trian-
gle Park, North Carolina. Directed toward functional
rs, a system for quality assurance monitoring
Quality control functions is described. General
s affecting data quality are discussed from the
Perspective of the manager as a reviewer of docu-
ments or plans. The quality assurance organization,
consisting of a Quality Assurance Coordinator and a
;*aHty Assurance Committee, serves in an advisory
Opacity to taskmasters as well as to regular functional
01
management. Within this structure, the application of
quality assurance measures is the responsibility of
taskmasters or project officers. It is the responsibility
of functional management to ensure that all project-
oriented documents or plans have incorporated appro-
priate quality assurance procedures.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Quality assur-
ance, Research projects, Policies, Toxicology, Epi-
demiology, Research, Humans, Public health, Quality
control, Data, Monitors, Managers, Objectives, Organi-
zational structure, 'Environmental health.
PB-270 979/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Prototype Correlation Mask Flame Photometric
Detector for Measuring Sulfur Dioxide. Final rept.,
Baird-Atomic, Inc., Bedford, Mass.
Authur Hornig. Jul 77,42p EPA/600/2-77/130
Contract EPA-68-02-0275
A prototype flame photometric detector system (FPD)
to measure gaseous sulfur compounds was fabricated
using a previously developed correlation mask optical
system and a new flame housing. Also, a new burner
for the FPD system was optimized to view the excited
molecular sulfur emission. The sample/hydrogen
intake system was also redesigned to operate under a
positive pressure, resulting In improved flame stability.
The prototype detector system was equipped with a
cooled photqmultiplier with special optics to enhance
sensitivity. Initial tests with the completed system indi-
cated the capability of measuring sulfur dioxide at the
part-per-billion level. Because of subsequent prob-
lems, an absolute calibration of the system was not
carried out.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Gas detectors, 'Flame
photometry, Concentration(Compositlon), Calibrating,
Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Burners, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-270 981/4 PC A05/MF A01
Economic Impact of Proposed Thermal Discharge
Standard for Lake Sangchrls,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Robert M. Wolff, Ernest L. Hardin, Jr., and Michael
Friedman. Dec 76,89p IIEQ-76/25
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic
impact of a proposed thermal discharge standard (Ap-
pendix A) for the cooling lake at Commonwealth Edis-
on's Kincaid Station on Lake Sangchris In Christian
County, Illinois. This study will examine the economics
of Lake Sangchris and alternate cooling systems that
could be built.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Thermal pollution, 'Water
pollution control, 'Lake Sangchris, Steam electric
power generation, Cooling water, Benefit cost analy-
sis. Cooling towers, Cooling systems, Cost estimates,
Environmental impacts, Fishes, Shellfish, Consumers,
Investments, Illinois, 'Water pollution standards.
PB-270 989/7 PC A03/MF A01
Financial Assistance Programs for Pollution Pre-
vention and Control Available Through the Feder-
al Government Rept. for 1976-77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Sheldon E. Sacks. May 77,26p EPA/440/2-77/013
It is clear from provisions of the various environmental
protection laws enacted during the past several years
that environmental expenditures by businesses can be
significant. It is for this reason that EPA has endeav-
ored to publish a summary brochure outlining the var-
ious federal financing programs to help alleviate such
impact particularly on the smaller businesses. It Is also
the Intent of the brochure to call attention to the var-
ious tax provisions in the Internal Revenue Code relat-
ed to pollution control expenditures. This pamphlet
merely discusses the legal aspects In general terms.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Federal assistance programs, 'Hand-
books, Information, Projects. Surveys, Businesses,
Cost engineering, Regulations, Industrial wastes,
Loans.
PB-270 992/1 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Economic Impact of a Proposed Change In the
Ammonia Effluent Standards, R77-6. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Linda Huff. Jun 77,94p IIEQ-77-18
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Chicago, III. Region V.
A regulatory proposal pertaining to enforcement of the
existing ammonia water quality standard was evaluat-
ed regarding the potential economic impact on society
and the environment. The Illinois Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (IEPA) presented regulation excep-
tions due to technological and economic hardships.
The IEPA Proposed modification pertains to those
areas of small or intermittent streams which are am-
monia water quality limited, exempting small discharg-
ers and obtaining a two-year delay for larger discharg-
ers in their installation of nitrification facilities with an
additional two years for technological development.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, "Regulations, 'Ammo-
nia, "Water pollution control, Illinois, Nitrification,
Technology, Benefit cost analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Economic analysis,
Water quality.
PB-271 007/7 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
The Feasibility of Utilizing Solid Waste* for Build-
Ing Material*. Executive Summary,
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Spring, Md.
Gilbert Jackson, and Sylvia Ware. Jun 77,96p EPA/
600/8-77/006
Contracts EPA-68-03-2460-1, EPA-68-03-2056
This report focuses on two phases of a suggested four
phase study to evaluate the technological and com-
mercial possibilities of waste - derived composites.
The first phase involved a joint and comprehensive lit-
erature search to identify wastes with potential as
building materials. Limited laboratory studies were
conducted on composite materials produced from the
more promising wastes investigated. A composite ma-
terial was defined as a product containing a filler, a re-
inforcement and a matrix. Various characteristics were
considered desirable for the filler, the reinforcement
and the matrix. The wastes Identified through the lit-
erature search were evaluated against these desirable
properties. A listing of the evaluative criteria and the
rating system used is presented. Filler materials re-
viewed included fly ash, crushed glass, phosphate
slimes, silicate waste, shredded refuse, waste plastic,
wood bark, rice hulls, (aconite, red mud, coal waste
foundry ash and sawdust. Reinforcement materials re-
viewed included carbonized lignin, bagasse, wheat
straw, bark, kenaf, bamboo, wood chips, cotton waste
and glass roving. Sewage sludge, sawdust, rice hulls,
plastic scrap and waste glass also received attention
as reinforcements.
Keywords: "Construction materials, "Solid waste dis-
posal, "Industrial wastes, "Reclamation, Management
planning, Composite materials,
Relnforcement(Structures), Fillers, Fly ash, Glass, Ag-
ricultural wastes, Taconlte, Bauxite, Phosphates,
Slimes, Refuse disposal, Silicates, Shredding, Plastics,
Bark, Wood wastes, Sawdust, Tailings, Sludge dispos-
al, Design criteria, Utilization, Waste recycling, Mine
wastes, Plastic recycling, Glass recycling, Rice hulls,
Red mud, Sewage sludge.
PB-271 008/5 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
High-Temperature Decuffurlxatlon of Low-Btu-
Qas. Final rept. Jul 73-Jan 76.
Consolidation Coal Co., Library, Pa. Research Dlv.
G. P. Curran, B. J. Pasek, M. Pell, and E. Gorin. Apr 77,
361 p EPA/600/7-77/031
Contract EPA-68-02-1333
The report describes and gives results of economic
studies of a process for desulfurizing low-Btu fuel gas.
The gas Is first desulfurized at high temperature in a
fluldlzed bed of half-calcined dolomite. It Is then cooled
to 700 C and passed through high-pressure-drop cy-
clones to remove paniculate* and alkali. The gas I* In-
tended for use a* fuel to gas turbines in combined-
cycle power generation. The sulfur acceptor Is regen-
December 1983 207
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
erated with steam and CO2. A liquid-phase Glaus reac-
tor is used to process H2S in the regenerator offgas
into elemental sulfur. Experimental data are presented
in several areas: desulfurization and regeneration ac-
tivity of dolomites as a function of cycles; batch studies
to determine variable effects and rate data; paniculate
and alkali removal at high temperature; chance reac-
tion studies; and process improvement studies. Two
economic studies were performed: one showed an in-
centive accruing to the process versus a conventional
wet desulfurization scheme; and the other, an update
of the process economics, showed that a plant de-
signed in 1975 for 1980 operation would desulfurize
gas from a high-sulfur coal for 38 cents/MM Btu (HHV
+ sensible heat) delivered to a power station.
Keywords: "Economic analysis, "Air pollution control,
"Sulfur, Cost analysis, Process charting, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Dolpmite(Rock),
Density(Mass/volume), Particles, Calcium oxides,
High temperature tests, "Low btu gas.
PB-271 010/1 PC A02/MF A01
Motorcycle Useful Life. Technical support rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Cackette. Jun 75,18p MC-75-02
Report on Standards Development and Support.
To determine the durability test requirements for mo-
torcycles, it is necessary to know their useful life mile-
age. The analysis defines useful life as the mean (aver-
age) mileage a motorcycle can be expected to accu-
mulate during its lifetime. The discussion presents the
analysis technique, the detailed calculations, and a de-
scription of the data and associated assumptions. The
useful life mileage is 12000km for motorcycles with
engine displacements between 49 and 170 cubic
centimeters, and 3000km for motorcycles with dis-
placements of 170 cubic centimeter or greater.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Service life, Durability, Me-
chanical properties, Tests.
PB-271 011/9 PCA02/MFA01
Reduced Certification Testing for Motorcycles.
Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel P. Hardin, Jr., and William Rogers Oliver. May
75,25pMC-75-01
Report on Technical Support for Regulator Action.
These two reports discuss the cost and air quality im-
pacts of reduced certification testing on small volume
motorcycle manufacturers. Background discussion on
light duty vehicle reduced testing is also presented for
perspective. The discussion of economic impact esti-
mates the costs of certification for motorcycle manu-
facturers and compares these costs to those auto-
mobile manufacturers. The air quality impact of re-
duced testing estimates hydrocarbon emissions in the
LA AQCR for the years 1978 through 1990.
Keywords: "Motorcycles, "Regulations, "Air pollution,
"Manufacturers, Exhaust emissions, Economic sur-
veys, Revisions, Reduction, Hydrocarbons, Environ-
mental tests, Cost analysis, Comparison, Automobiles,
Air quality maintenance, Light duty vehicles, Certifica-
tion.
PB-271 012/7 PC A03/MF A01
Emission Laboratory Correlation Study Between
EPA and Honda Motor Company, Inc. Technical
support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard E. Lowery. Apr 74,36p CORR-74-7
This report presents the results of a laboratory correla-
tion study between EPA and Honda Motor Company,
Inc. It specifically compares Honda's certification test
site at its Suzuki laboratory to EPA's certification test
site No. 6. In general, the test sites compared in this
study showed a high degree of equivalency. No signifi-
cant differences were discovered in dynamometer or
CVS characteristics, and vehicle emission test results
correlated rather well. The only significant discrepancy
was laboratory measurement of CO emissions, which
could have been the result of laboratory barometric
pressure differences. Vehicle variability made an accu-
rate assessment of this effect very difficult.
208 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, *[>••
namic tests, Comparison, Test facilities, Test equip-
ment, Methodology, United States, Japan, Dynamo-
meters, Laboratories, Air pollution, Honda Civic auto-
mobiles, Test methods.
PB-271 013/5 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic
Sludges. Interim rept. no. 1 Mar 75-Oct 76,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, Calif.
Henry E. Haxo, Robert S. Haxo, and Richard M. White.
Jun 77, 75p EPA/600/2-77-081
Contract EPA-68-03-2173
The storage and disposal of hazardous liquids and
solid wastes on the land are increasing the potential
for pollution of surface and ground waters by these
wastes or their leachates. Intercepting and controlling
the seepage of such fluids by the use of impervious
barriers offers a promising means of reducing or elimi-
nating such pollution. This engineering research
project was undertaken to assess the relative effec-
tiveness and durability of a wide variety of liner materi-
als when exposed to hazardous wastes. The materials
under study include a native soil, modified bentonite a
soil cement, a hydraulic asphalt concrete, an asphaltic
membrane, and 8 polymeric membranes based upon
polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosul-
fonated polyethylene, ethylene propylene rubber, neo-
prene, butyl rubber, an elasticized polyolefin, and a
thermoplastic polyester elastomer, respectively. In this
study the liner materials are exposed to such hazard-
ous wastes as a strong acid, a strong base, an oil refin-
ery tank bottom waste, a blend of lead wastes from
gasoline production, a saturated and unsaturated hy-
drocarbon oil waste, and a pesticide. The experimental
approach and methodology followed are described
and results of preliminary tests used in the selection of
materials for extensive testing are presented.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Liners, "Hazardous
materials, "Water pollution control, Containers,
Lead(Metal), Crude oils, Petroleum products, Acids,
Bases, Pesticides, Hydrocarbons, Leaching, Surface
water, Ground water, Tests, Polymers, Storage, Dura-
bility, Management planning, Membranes, Soils,
"Liquid waste disposal, Chemicals.
PB-271 014/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Ammonium-Carbonate Leaching of Metal Values
from Water-Treatment Sludges. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
J. B. Hallowell, E. S. Bartlett, and R. H. Cherry. Jun 77,
69p EPA/600/2-77-105
Grant EPA-R-803787-01
This project was undertaken to explore and develop
processes based on ammqniacal leaching to recover
metal values from metal-finishing wastewater treat-
ment sludges. The objective was to eliminate or to
reduce sufficiently the heavy metal content of the
sludge so that it would no longer constitute a potential
ecological hazard, thus greatly reducing the cost of
sludge disposal. Preferred leaching conditions were
defined. With two-stage leaching at 50C in concentrat-
ed ammonium carbonate, the copper-plus-nickel con-
tent can be reduced to a level of less than 1 percent
from an original content on the order of 10 percent. By
roasting the depleted sludge with soda ash, at least 80
percent of the chromium can be recovered in water-
soluble form. Controlled-potential electrodeposition
was shown to be capable of separately winning copper
and nickel values from the pregnant ammoniacal
leaching liquor. A process flow sheet is presented, and
process economics are reviewed. The process studied
would be an alternative only if costs for disposal of
sludge rose to the highest part of the current range.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, Sludge disposal,
Leaching, Ammonium compounds, Carbonates,
Copper, Metal finishing, Nickel, Chromium, Electrowin-
ning, Economic analysis, Process charting,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Solid waste disposal, "Metal
finishing industry, Ammonium carbonates, Heavy
metals.
PB-271 015/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Ozone Treatment 'of Cyanide-Bearing Plating
Waste. Final rept.,
Sealectro Corp., West Caldwell, N.J.
L. Joseph Bollyky. Jun 77, 53p EPA/600/2-77-104
Grant EPA-R-802335
Prepared in cooperation with PCI Ozone Corp., West
Caldwell, N.J.
The use of ozone for CN destruction in the metal fin-
ishing industry has long been recognized as a techni-
cally attractive alternative to chlorine oxidation. High
capital cost has, in earlier years, prevented its imple-
mentation. This report documents a full scale installa-
tion in which it was demonstrated that alkaline cyanide
waste could be effectively destroyed to levels well
below 1 ppm and with CN(-) removals of 99% at the
levels normally encountered, thus satisfying BATEA
requirements. Design features, problems and capital
and operating cost data are presented and discussed.
Selected aspects of the cyanide-ozone reaction were
also studied, such as the effect of CN(-)/O3 ratios,
cyanide source and concentration and the effective-
ness of ozone for cyanate elimination.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Water pollution control,
"Ozone, "Metal finishing, Electroplating, Industrial
waste treatment, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Cost analysis.
PB-271 017/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
PCBS Involvement in the Pulp and Paper Industry.
Final rept. on Task 4,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Roderick A. Carr, Robert L. Durfee, and Edward G.
McKay. 25 Feb 77,110p 474.5A, EPA/560/B-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
SeealsoPB-252012.
The sources, distribution, and losses of PCBs in the
U.S. pulp and paper industry are discussed in detail.
The major source of PCBs to the industry is recycled
carbonless copy paper manufactured from 1957 to
1971, but the amounts of PCBs from this source dimin-
ished rapidly after 1971. A model showing past and
projected PCBs content in product and wastewaters
from the industry is presented and discussed. Estimat-
ed costs (worst-case basis) for wastewater treatment
to achieve one ppb PCBs in effluents from the industry
are developed; results indicate a 3 to 5 percent prod-
uct cost increase will result from such treatment.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, "Environmental impacts,
"Chlorine aromatic compounds, Sources, Cost esti-
mates, Water pollution control, Air pollution control, In-
dustrial wastes, Incineration, Carbon, Adsorption,
Process charting, Pulping, Combustion products, Re-
circulation, Cost analysis, Mathematical models, "Bi-
phenyl/chloro, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB-271 018/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substrancs.
Chemical Market Input/Output Analysis of Select-
ed Chemical Substances to Assess Sources of
Environmental Contamination: Task I. Naphthyla-
mlnes,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
William M. Meylan, Philip H. Howard, and Milton Sack.
Mar 76,102p* TR-76-523, EPA/560/6-77-002
Contract EPA-68-01-3224
This report considers the sources of environmental
contamination from naphthylamines. Because beta-
naphthylamine is a proven human carcinogen and
there are other alternatives to its use, it is no longer
produced and consumed commercially in the United
States. However, alpha-naphthylamine, which is a sus-
pected carcinogen, is still manufactured for use as a
chemical intermediate for dyes and herbicides. Thus,
this report concentrates on the commercial production
and use of alpha-naphthylamine. Standards estab-
lished by the Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
tration have controlled the occupational exposure to
alpha-naphthylamine and haye also had an impact on
reducing contamination of the external environment.
The OSHA regulations, along with current industry
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
practices, appear to have eliminated the release of
alpha-naphthylamine to the external environment.
However, firm conclusions on the potential release of
alpha-naphthylamine from its uses as a chemical inter-
mediate require effluent monitoring data that is un-
available at this time. Further, it is possible that an
alpha-naphthylamine-derived compound could be re-
leased to the environment and then degrade to alpha-
naphthylamine. At least two possible sources of this
type of contamination seem possible.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, 'Industrial wastes,
'Environmental surveys, Process charting, Herbicides,
Dyes, Industrial hygiene, Public health, Pesticides,
Cost analysis, Management planning, Sources, Sites,
Process charting, Technology, Manufacturing, Car-
cinogens, Chemical reactions, Synthesis(Chemistry),
'Naphthylamine, Environmental chemical substitutes,
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
PB-271 020/0 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application ol Foam Scrubbing to Fine Particle
Control, Phase II. Final rept. Jul 75-Jul 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. E. Ctvrtnicek, S. J. Rusek, C. M. Moscowitz, and L.
N. Cash. Jun 77,77p MRC-DA-682, EPA/600/2-77/
110
Contract EPA-68-02-1453
See also Phase 1, PB-261 075.
The report summarizes the knowledge, experience,
and data gained to date, relative to the application of
foam scrubbing to collection of fine particles from gas-
eous streams. Experimental data obtained on a 0.236-
cu m/s (500-cfm) pilot-scale foam scrubber facility are
presented. Economic analysis indicates that a foam
scrubber can be competitive with other fine particle
collection devices. Areas for further foam scrubber de-
velopment are recommended.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control equipment,
'Scrubbers, 'Foam, Fines, Cost estimates, Pilot
plants, Performance evaluation, Accuracy, Aerosols,
Efficiency, Process charting, Design criteria, Labora-
tory equipment, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Theories.
PB-271 021/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Classification of American Cities for Case Study
Analysis. Volume I. Summary Report. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, Mass.
Elizabeth Lake, Carol Blair, James Hudson, and
Richard Tabors. May 77,50p EPA/600/5-77/008a
Contract EPA-68-01-3299
See also Volume 2, PB-268 252.
Attempts to analyze and evaluate the impacts of feder-
al programs has led to the extensive use of case stud-
ies of program impacts at selected sites. This project
has developed a methodology for the systematic se-
lection of representative case study sites and for gen-
eralizing the study results. The methodology, involving
two stage factor analysis and clustering, is applied to a
specific program/policy problem, and the selection of
metropolitan areas. The methodology begins with a
data base on standard metropolitan statistical areas,
SMSAs, including variables related to environmental
quality, urban form, and household, industrial, and gov-
ernment activity. It analyzes these variables through a
two-stage factor analysis technique which allows heu-
ristic consideration of the significant characteristics.
Finally, it develops city clusters which group areas with
similar attributes. Modal (or representative) cities are
selected for each group and suggested as case study
sites. These groups may be used to generalize the
study results and to analyze the transferrability of re-
sults between areas. The methodology is sufficiently
flexible to consider a wide range of research hypoth-
eses.
Keywords: 'Environmental quality, 'Metropolitan
areas, Classification, Methodology, Factor analysis, In-
dustries, Demographic surveys, Pollution, Environ-
mental protection, Standard metropolitan statistical
areas.
PB-271 022/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Renovation of Power Plant Cooling Tower Blow-
down for Recycle by Evaporation: Crystallization
with Interface Enhancement. Final rept. 1 Aug 74-
31 May 76,
California Univ., Berkeley.
Hugo H. Sephton. Jun 77,63p EPA/600/7-77/063
Grant EPA-R-803-257-01-3
The report discusses the effectiveness of a novel
evaporation method which reduces the energy and
capital cost requirements for the renovation/recycle of
industrial wastewaters. Interface enhancement de-
pends on foamy two-phase vapor/liquid flow induced
during the evaporation of a liquid flowing over a heat
transfer surface; this flow mode substantially in-
creases the liquid's evaporation rate, after adding a
surfactant.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Cooling water,
'Evaporative cooling, 'Industrial water, Pollution,
Cooling towers, Evaporation, Crystallization, Surfac-
tants, Circulation, Design, Photographs, Drawings,
Pilot plants, Thermal pollution control.
PB-271 023/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Use of Organic Solvents In Textile Sizing and De-
sizing. Final rept. May 75-Mar 77
Alabama Textile Education Foundation, Auburn.
W. S. Perkins, D. M. Hall, B. L. Slaten, R. P. Walker,
and J. C. Farrow. Jul 77,81 p EPA/600/2-77/126
Grant EPA-R-803665
The report gives results of a study of textile sizing and
desizing in organic solvents. Properties of materials
applicable as warp sizes in organic solvents were sat-
isfactory for use as warp sizes. Properties of fabrics
made from solvent-sized yarns were equal in quality to
those of fabrics made from aqueous-sized yarns.
Energy consumption for solvent sizing and desizing is
essentially equivalent to that required in conventional
aqueous systems. Costs of solvent and aqueous sizing
and desizing are about equivalent if the estimates in-
clude anticipated 1983 wastewater treatment costs.
Major materials cost in solvent operations is for sol-
vent lost in the process (7.3%); the loss can be re-
duced by proper engineering design. Solvent sizing
and desizing would virtually eliminate all of the bio-
chemical oxygen demand (BOD) load in wastewater
effluents typical in aqueous operations.
Keywords: 'Textile processing, 'Organic solvents,
'Sizing(Sharping), Water pollution control, Industrial
waste treatment, Fabrics, Yarns, Cost analysis, Oper-
ating costs, Biochemical oxygen demand, Yarns,
Energy consumption.
PB-271 073/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environment Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
VI.
Managing Our Water Resources-An Assessment
of the Existing Management and Financial Pro-
gram for Water Quality Management In North Cen-
tral Texas for Consistency with Section 208(c)(2)
of P.L. 92-500. Working paper.
North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arling-
ton.
May 77,133pNCTCOG/WR-77/06
Contract EPA-P-006038-01-0
Prepared by Barnes and Co., Austin, Tex.
As pan of the areawide water quality management
planning program in the Dallas/Fort Worth region
during 1977-78, an analysis is being made of the
present management authorities of local governments
and water districts in comparison to the requirements
of federal law (P.L. 92-500, Section 208(c)(2». This
draft report examines the federal requirements, appli-
cable state policies, and the current waste treatment
management and regulatory structure in North Central
Texas.
Keywords: 'Financing, 'Water quality management,
Sewage treatment, Regulations, Industrial wastes, Mu-
nicipalities, Grants, Revenue, Licenses, National gov-
ernment, State government, Local government, Gov-
ernment policies, Solid waste disposal, Pesticides,
Dredging, Mining, Water law, Trinity River, Texas,
Water pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
Dallas(Texas), Fort WorthfTexas), Public Law 92-500
Section 208(c)(2).
PB-271 076/2 PC A08/MF A01
Nonpolnt Sources: An Assessment of Pollutant
Loadings to Lakes and Rivers In North Central
Texas.
North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arling-
ton.
Jun 77,159p NCTCOG/WR-77/05
Grant EPA-P-006038-01-0
Prepared by Hydroscience, Inc., Arlington, Tex.
This report provides an initial assessment of the mag-
nitude of nonpoint sources of water pollution in the
Dallas/Fort Worth Designated Planning Area. This
presentation is intended to provide a perspective re-
garding the relative magnitude of the various major
nonpoint sources and the relative importance of these
nonpoint sources when compared with point sources
in the area. Three major nonpoint source categories
are emphasized: runoff from urban areas, runoff from
grassland, and runoff from cropland. The four major
pollutants of concern are five-day biochemical oxygen
demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sedi-
ment.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Rivers, 'Water pollution, Sources,
Runoff, Urban areas, Grassland, Farm crops, Assess-
ments, Biochemical oxygen demand, Correlation tech-
niques, Rainfall, Land use, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Sediments, Trinity River, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Texas, 'Nonpoint sources, Organic
loadings, Storm water runoff, DallasfTexas), Fort
WorthfTexas).
PB-271 107/5 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
Gauging Our Water Quality. An Analysis of Condi-
tions and Trends In North Central Texas Lakes
and Rivers.
North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arling-
ton.
Apr 77,373p NCTCOG/WR-77/04
Contract EPA-P-006038-01 -0
Prepared by Trinity River Authority, Arlington, Tex.
This document presents existing and available water
quality data, both recent and historical, for the Dallas-
Fort Worth 208 Area. Consideration is given to water
analyses, tributary analyses, and sediment analyses,
as well as various biological parameters. Temporal
and spatial trends are examined.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, 'Rivers, Urban
areas, Monitoring, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Water
analysis, Inorganic nitrates, Inorganic suifates, Chlor-
ides, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aquatic plants,
Sediments, Bacteria, Turbidity, Plankton, pH,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Texas, 'Water quality data,
DallasfTexas), Fort WorthfTexas), North Central
Region(Texas).
PB-271 128/1 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Final Report for Low Pressure Tests of the CPU-
400 Pilot Plant.
Combustion Power Co., Inc., Menlo Park, Calif.
Sep 77,406p EPA/600/2-77/195
Contract EPA-68-03-0054
This report presents the progress made during the
component design phase of a program to develop an
economical and environmentally safe waste-energy
system known as the CPU-400. It discusses the hard-
ware development and low pressure testing performed
to evaluate CPU-400 operational characteristics in a
large scale pilot plant. Significant accomplishments
made during this contract period included: the final
procurement and testing of hot gas system compo-
nents such as the full scale vertical combustor, three
particle separators, and ash removal equipment; the
final design and procurement of a computerized proc-
ess control system; the procurement of a turbo-electric
system, including the completion of all design required
for its incorporation into the pilot plant; the completion
of a survey of gas turbines for the prototype plant; and
the successful performance of long duration, low pres-
sure testing of all components integrated into the pilot
plant system. Other work accomplished during the
December 1983 209
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
contract period included the quantitative and qualita-
tive analyses of off-gases from the solid waste-fired
combustor, the testing of a subscale granular filter,
and the improvement of the solid waste processing
systems throughout rate.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
•Reclamation, 'Combustion chambers, 'Gas turbines,
Pilot plants, Incinerators, Design, Materials handling,
Cyclone separators, Residues, Flue gas, Gas analysis,
Fly ash, Particles, Automatic control, Shredding, Gas
sampling, Fluidized bed processors, Electric power
generation, 'Refuse derived fuels, Air pollution sam-
pling, Waste recycling.
PB-271 173/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
VI.
A Summary of the 1977 Annual Water Quality
Management Plan for North Central Texas.
North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arling-
ton.
Jul 77, 34p NCTCOG/WR-77/07
Contract EPA-P006038-01-0
This summary document presents the major findings
and recommendations of the initial '208' water quality
management plan for the 3,300 square mile urbanizing
portion of the Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas region. The
complete three-volume annual plan identifies a 1977
Sewerage Improvements Program; assesses the
degree to which the adopted 1990 regional sewerage
plan recommendations and the State and National ef-
fluent quality goals are being implemented; assesses
the economic, social and environmental impacts of the
program; and summarizes the public participation ac-
tivities during 1976-77. While this initial plan focuses
on point sources, the 1978 Annual Plan under prepara-
tion will address all sources of water pollution, with
particular attention to nonpoint sources.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Urban areas,
'Trinity River Basin, Recommendations, Sewage treat-
ment, Environmental impacts, Citizen participation,
Local government, Water resources, Texas,
DallasfTexas), Fort WorthfTexas), 'Nonpoint sources,
Point sources.
PB-271 204/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
A Quality Assurance Program for Monitoring
Ozone and Carbon Monoxide. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
David G. Jones, and Louis H. Fowler. Jun 77,107p
RAD-TN-100-044-16, EPA/906/9-77-003
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
This report describes a quality assurance program for
monitoring ozone and carbon monoxide using a chemi-
luminescent ozone monitor and a non-dispersive in-
frared CO monitor. Instrument selection criteria and
site selection criteria are presented. Step-by-step pro-
cedures are given discussing routine station operation,
instrument multipoint calibrations, and quality assur-
ance audits. Record keeping procedures and data re-
duction and data handling are discussed. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Ozone, 'Carbon mon-
oxide, Audits, Air pollution, Monitoring, Monitors,
Design criteria, Calibrating, Performance evaluation,
Sites, Chemiluminescence, Infrared detectors, Chemi-
cal analysis, Gas analysis, 'Air pollution detection, Air
quality.
PB-271 247/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Line and Area Source Emissions from Motor Vehi-
cles In the RAPS Program. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo.
Lonnie E. Haefner. Jun 76,180p EPA/450/3-77/019
Contract EPA-68-02-2060
The study of automotive vehicle pollution in a metro-
politan area requires accurate reporting of emissions.
This depends on efficient monitoring of traffic flow, and
knowing the location parameters critical to the emis-
sion process, and adequate knowledge of vehicular
emissions under a range of operating conditions. This
report describes the methodology developed to allow
the estimation of emissions from line and area souses
for any specified hour of the day and any specified day
of the week. It used a local study by the Federal High-
way Administration which characterizes vehicle oper-
ation in the St. Louis regional highway network. This is
combined with the EPA s model emission calculational
procedure to compute emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust
emissions, Mathematical models, Numerical analysis,
Computer programs, Vehicular traffic, Regions, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Particles, Metropolitan areas, Missouri,
NETSEN 2 computer program, Regional Air Pollution
Study, HAPS program, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB-271 261/0 PC A06/MF A01
The Alaskan OH Disposition Study: Potential Air
Quality Impact of a Major Off-Loading Terminal In
the Pacific Northwest,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
David C. Bray. Mar 77,123p EPA/910/9-77/044
This study evaluates the air quality impact of a marine
oil transfer terminal fpr Alaskan oil. It includes an eval-
uation of specified sites with regard to present emis-
sions and air quality; the determination of the potential
emissions associated with a major crude oil offloading
facility; and a preliminary modeling analysis to assess
the potential air quality problems which might be asso-
ciated with the operation of such a port.
Keywords: 'Terminal facilities, 'Marine terminals, 'Pe-
troleum transportation, Crude oil, Tanker ships, Air pol-
lution, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Particles, Carbon monoxide, Organic acids, Alde-
hydes, Mathematical models, Scenarios, 'Air pollution
potential, 'Air quality, 'Pacific Northwest
RegionfUnited States), Particulates.
PB-271 286/7 CP T02
Master Data File from the 1975 Northeast Oxldant
Transport Study. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass. Air
Branch.
Ronald E. Ruff. Sep 75, mag tape EPA/901 /9-76/
004a, EPA/DF-77/007
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tape(s) can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes Documentation, PB-271 287.
The data from the EPA/Region I Summer 1975 North-
east Oxidant Transport Study have been collected,
validated, and compiled by SRI. The final product is a
comprehensive data base for the study, stored on a
single reel of magnetic tape. The manual describes the
content and format of this magnetic tape. Both air
quality and meteorological data, from ground stations
and aircraft, are included for the study, which began on
July 15 and ended on August 31, 1975. Four aircraft
covered different geographical areas throughout the
Northeast. The aircraft were operated by Battelle Co-
lumbus Laboratories, Washington State University, the
Interstate Sanitation Commission, and EPA (Las
Vegas). Ground station data are included for Massa-
chusetts, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and
Rhode Island. Detailed hydrocarbon analysis for sam-
ples collected aloft and on the ground were conducted
by Washington State University and EPA (Research
Triangle Park) and are reported in the master file.
Upper air data (rawinsondes, pibals, and the Albany
ozonesonde are also reported for the study period.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Oxidizers, 'Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Ozone, Magnetic tapes, EPA region 1,
*Ave quality data, 'Northeast Region(United States).
PB-271 287/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, Mass. Air
Branch.
Master Data File from the Summer 1975 Northeast
Oxldant Transport Study. User's Manual,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
Ronald E. Ruff, Leonard S. Gasiorek, and Hisao
Shigeishi. Jun 77,50p EPA/901 /9-76/004,, EPA/DF-
77/0078
Contract EPA-68-01 -2940
For data file on magnetic tape, see PB-271 286. See
also PB-267 545.
The data from the EPA/Region I Summer 1975 North-
east Oxidant Transport Study have been collected,
validated and compiled by SRI. The final product is a
comprehensive data base for the study, stored on a
single reel of magnetic tape. The manual describes the
content and,format of this magnetic tape. Both air
quality and meteorological data, from ground stations
and aircraft, are included for the study, which began on
July 15 and ended on August 31, 1975. Four aircraft
covered different geographical areas throughout the
Northeast. The aircraft were operated by the Battelle
Columbus Laboratories, Washington State University,
the Interstate Sanitation Commission, and EPA (Las
Vegas). Ground station data are included for Massa-
chusetts, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and
Rhode Island.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Concentration(Composition), Aerial surveys,
Ozone, Monitoring, Meteorological data, Tables(Data),
'Air quality data, 'Northeast Region(United States).
PB-271 298/2 PC A03/MF A01
Innovative Rlnse-and-Recovery System for Metal
Finishing Processes. Final rept.,
IndustriaFFilterand Pump Mfg. Co., Cicero, III.
Walter C. Trnka, and Charles J. Novotny. May 77,34p*
EPA/600/2-77/099
Grant EPA-R-803723-01
This report describes the feasibility of a rinse-and-re-
covery system that can be installed in almost any
metal finishing line and does not harm the environment
because no plating solution exits to the sewer. Most
toxic pollutants from metal finishing operations are as-
sociated with the water used to rinse the affected parts
successive finishing operations. A typical car bumper
plating operation was chosen as opposed to a barrel
rolling operation. When a part emerges from the plat-
ing bath, it 'drags out' full-strength plating solution with
the bumper. This drag out is tremendously diluted by
following rinse steps. The diluted rinses are sent to the
sewer and cause toxic deteriorization of the waste
waters. The Zero Discharge System is an innovative
system for use in the metal finishing industry. A con-
ventional multistage aqueous rinsing system is re-
placed by a 2-stage solvent spray rinse followed by a
single-stage aqueous immersion rinse. By continuous-
ly purifying and recycling the baths, appreciable sav-
ings in operating chemical costs can be realized.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Electroplating, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Water reclamation, Vehicle
bumpers, Chemical cleaning, Solvents, Chromic acid,
Metal finishing industry, Rinse water, Waste water
reuse.
PB-271 329/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Ranking the Input and Output Data Used to Deter-
mine New Source Performance Standard Impacts.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
168p'EPA/450/3-76/019a
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also report dated May 76, PB-261 803.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains the main text
and Appendices A through C of Volume 3.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion
products, 'Sources, Standards, Classifications, Plan-
ning, United States, State government, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Data processing, Data acquisi-
tion, 'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution standards,
New source performance standards, Nationwide im-
plementation.
210 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-271 332/9
PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey at the Inactive Uranium Mill
Site Near Rlverton, Wyoming. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Richard L Douglas. Jun 77,33p ORP7LV-77/2
A radiological survey was made of the inactive uranium
mill site near Riverton, Wyoming during the period
September 30-October 2, 1975. The primary purpose
of the survey was to delineate areas which are con-
taminated by windblown material from the tailings pile.
Secondary purposes were to collect water samples
from local wells, and to collect indoor radon progeny
(working level) samples in structures near the site, in
order to identify any major radiation exposures which
may be occurring through these exposure pathways.
The contaminated areas were delineated by making a
series of differential gamma exposure rate meas-
urements at the ground surface. A total of about 460
acres, exclusive of the tailings pile, was found to be
contaminated above background levels. An area of 30
acres would have to be decontaminated to reduce the
maximum residual exposure rate to 40 micro R/hr, and
99 acres would have to be decontaminated to reduce
the maximum residual exposure rate to 10 micro R/hr.
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Radioactive wastes, 'Industrial
plants, 'Environmental surveys, Radiation measuring
instruments, Mills, Sampling, Water, Radon, Wyoming,
Riverton(Wyoming).
PB-271 357/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
The Dynamics of an Estuary as a Natural Ecosys-
tem. Final rept. 14 Jan 74-13 Jan 76,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
F. J. Vemberg, R. Bonnell, B. Coull, R. Dame, Jr., and
P. DeCoursey. Jan 77,97p EPA/600/3-77/016
Grant EPA-R-802928
A research program was initiated to understand the dy-
namics of a relatively undisturbed estuary-marshland
ecosystem, the North Inlet Estuary near Georgetown,
South Carolina. Because of the relative complexity of
this type of study, a five year study was proposed; this
report summarizes results of the first two years. This
study consisted of two substudies: a macroecosystem
substudy and a microecosystem substudy. The objec-
tives of the macroecosystem study were: (1) To estab-
lish baseline data on an undisturbed estuary to provide
a scientific basis for comparative studies on effects of
various stresses of pollutants on other estuarine envi-
ronments; and (2) to develop models of an estuarine
ecosystem which would predict probable effects of en-
vironmental perturbation. The principal objective of the
microecosystem study was to develop and test repli-
cate experimental salt marsh units at the microecosys-
tem level as diagnostic tools for the assessment of
both long- and short-term pollution effects on the
Spartina alterniflora salt marsh community.
Keywords: 'North Inlet Estuary, 'Ecology, 'Water pol-
lution, Mathematical models, Aquatic plants, Aquatic
animals, Plankton, Intertidal zone, Marine microorgan-
isms, Invertebrates, Food chains, Primary biological
productivity, Fishes, Birds, Substrates, Water masses,
Nutrients, Decomposition, Biomass, South Carolina,
Spartina alterniflora, Salt marshes, Baseline studies.
PB-271 360/0 PC A13/MF A01
User's Manual for Single-Source (CRSTER) Model.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Jul 77,297p EPA/450/2-77/013
The Single Source (CRSTER) Model Is a steady-state,
Gaussian plume dispersion model designed for point-
source applications. It calculates pollutant concentra-
tions for each hour of a year, at 180 receptor sites on a
radial grid. The hourly concentrations are averaged to
obtain concentration estimates for time increments of
specified length, such as 3-hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, and
annual. The model contains the concentration equa-
tions, the Pasquill-Gifford dispersion coefficients, and
the Pasqulll stability classes, as given by Turner.
Plume rise is calculated according to Briggs. No deple-
tion of the pollutant is considered. Technical details of
the programming are presented with complete de-
scriptions of data acquirements and output. Flow dia-
grams and source program listings, including subpro-
grams, are given as well as input data forms. Three
papers on application, sensitivity and validation of the
model are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Mathematical models, 'Air pol-
lution, Computerized simulation, Plumes,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorological data,
Chimneys, Computer programs, Atmospheric motion,
Fortran, Point sources, 'Air quality, 'CRSTER model,
Gaussian plume models.
PB-271 387/3 PC A99/MF A01
Directory of Air Quality Monitoring Sites Active In
1975. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
May 77, 712p* EPA/450/2-77/009
This publication includes a listing of all monitoring sites
active in 1975 which have submitted SAROAD Site
Identification Form. Each Site to be classified as oper-
ational and listed in this directory must have sampled
at least one pollutant in 1975. In addition to the site list-
ing, this document reflects useful information on the
pollutant sampled. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywprds: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Monitoring, 'Di-
rectories, Reporting, Data storage, Data retrieval, Sys-
tems engineering, Sites, Contaminants, States(United
States), Organizations, Coding, Projects, Sampling,
Classifications, Storage and retrieval of aerometric
data, Environmental Protection Agency, Aerometric
and emissions reporting system, Air quality mainte-
nance, Air quality controlregions.
PB-271 424/4 PC A10/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Illinois Lands Affected by Underground Mining for
Coal. Final rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Cooperative Wild-
life Research Lab.
Jack R. Nawrot, Ronnie J. Haynes, Perry L. Pursell,
James R. D'Antuono, and Richard L. Sullivan. Mar 77,
207pllEQ-77-11
The Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory of
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale surveyed all
lands affected by underground mining for coal as of 1
September 1976; field research was conducted from
October 1975 to August 1976. The primary purpose of
the survey was to delineate locations, surface owner-
ship, and environmental problems associated with
abandoned mine sites.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Underground mining, 'Illi-
nois, 'Environmental impacts, Mine waters, Solid
wastes, Land use, Land surveys, Acid mine drainage,
Mine acid drainage, Mine wastes.
PB-271 439/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Use of Potassium Ferrate In Oxygen Demand
Measurement. Extramural rept.,
Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Dept. of Chemistry.
James D. Carr. Aug 77,46p EPA/600/7-77/099
Grant EPA-R-803834-01
This research project was initiated with the primary ob-
jective of improving the commonly used COD test by
the use of ferrate (VI) ion as an alternate or preliminary
oxidant. The oxidation of NH3 and more general oxida-
tion of organic compounds was desired. A secondary
objective was the improved understanding of the
mechanism of ferrate oxidations in dilute aqueous so-
lutions. The oxidation kinetics of water (phosphate-
borate buffer) by ferrate ion were studied spectropho-
tometrically and by oxygen evolution measurements.
The kinetics of ferrate oxidation of methanol, formic
acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, NTA, IDA,
glycine, glyoxalic acid, oxalic acid, triethylamine, dieth-
ylamine and piperidine were examined and are de-
scribed. The dichromate COD analysis was carried out
on several samples, including phenol, lactic acid and
sewage from the Lincoln, Nebraska sewage treatment
facility. COD analysis was also carried out on sewage
samples after prior treatment with potassium ferrate at
pH 9. There was evidence that the ferrate ion actually
labilized organic materials originally refractory to the
dichromate COD method but the oxidation of water
(possibly catalyzed by sewage components) is too
rapid to insure that the ferrate reacts quantitatively with
the solute molecules. It is concluded, therefore, that
the COD test cannot be improved significantly by the
incorporation of ferrate (VI) ion as an oxidant.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Organic compounds, 'Ammonia, Oxidation,
Reaction kinetics, Chemical reactions, Ions, Catalysts,
Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Ferrates, Potassium
inorganic compounds, Water pollution, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, "Potassium ferrates, Water pollution
detection.
PB-271 441/8 PC A05/MF A01
Federal Noise Program Report Series. Volume I.
Department of Defense: Air Installations Compati-
ble Use Zones (AICUZ) Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Federal Programs Branch.
Apr 77, 91pEPA/550/9-77/353
This document is intended to assist Federal agencies
in understanding the Department of Defense's pro-
gram to abate noise at military airfields. It covers some
of the important features of the Air Installations Com-
patible Use Zones (AICUZ) Program, its problems and
relationships to other agency noise programs.
Keywords: 'Military air facilities, 'Noise reduction,
'Airports, Projects, Surveys, Naval research, Air Force
research, Environmental impacts, Government poli-
cies, National government, Problem solving, Air instal-
lations compatible use zones, AICUZ program.
PB-271 445/9 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Feasibility Study on In-Sewer Treatment Methods.
Final rept.
Pomeroy, Johnston and Bailey, Pasadena, Calif.
Richard D. Pomeroy, and Ronald J. Lofy. Aug 77,
120p* EPA/600/2-77/192
Contract EPA-14-12-944
The possibilities of in-sewer treatments of
wastewaters are broadly covered, including discus-
sions of biological, chemical, and physical methods.
The best possibilities are in the direction of biological
oxidation, leading to partial reduction of the BOD, or
extending to the equivalent of standard complete
treatment. An appreciable reduction of BOD occurs
normally in sewers. The amount of this oxidation can
be estimated by equations developed in this and other
closely related research. The requirements for a high
degree of treatment are an adequate oxygen supply,
an oxidizing culture, and time. The culture may be sus-
pended in the form of an activated sludge, or attached
to solid surfaces. The methods for supplying atmos-
pheric or industrial oxygen are explored. The pros-
pects for a useful degree of in-sewer treatment, espe-
cially in force mains, are very good. Under certain limit-
ed conditions the sewer can function as an efficient
flocculation device in conjunction with chemical treat-
ment. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Sewers, Chemical removal(Sewage treatment),
Microorganism control(Sewage), Waste water, Oxida-
tion, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sewage disposal,
Open channel flow, Organic wastes, Aeration, Oxygen,
In sewer treatment.
PB-271 4S1/7 Not available NTIS
Trace Organlcs In Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
William T. Donaldson. 1977, 5p EPA/600/J-77/037
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
P348-351 Apr 77.
The number of the more than two million organic
chemicals that is detected in a sample of water is relat-
ed to the sensitivity of the measurement technique: as
the detection level decreases an order of magnitude,
the number of compounds detected increases accord-
ingly. We must determine which ones are present in
concentrations significant enough to pose a hazard to
human health. Fifty-five hundred observations of com-
pounds actually observed in water revealed that many
compounds must be considered in analyzing environ-
mental samples; some compounds occur frequently,
but many occur only sporadically. To determine which
compounds are causing health problems (already ob-
served or not yet observed) a survey of the entire
December 1983 211
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nation is needed. Because so many compounds must
be considered, a highly comprehensive analysis is ob-
viously required. An approach using concentration by
resin accumulators, solvent extraction, gas chroma-
tography-mass spectrometry, and computerized data
analysis gives hope for development of such a com-
prehensive analytical scheme, but some information
gaps still exists.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Organic compounds,
'Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Solvent extraction, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Water pollution,
Detectors, Public health, Reprints, Computer aided
analysis, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-271 466/5 PC A04/MF A01
Corvaflis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Flathead Lake, Flathead and Lake Counties, Mon-
tana. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77,65p Working Paper-792
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena,
and Montana National Guard, Helena.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Flathead Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Montana, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Lake County(Montana), Flathead
County(Montana).
PB-271 469/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Milton Reservoir, Weld County, Colorado. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,31 p Working Paper-774
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Milton Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Colorado, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Weld County(Colorado).
PB-271 470/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Barker Reservoir, Boulder County, Colorado. Final
rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77,37p Working Paper-765
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Barker Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Colorado, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Boulder County(Colorado).
PB-271 471/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Medical Lake, Spokane County, Washington. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,29p Working Paper-871
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Medical Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State), Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Spokane
County (Washington).
PB-271 473/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cherry Creek Lake, Arapahoe County, Colorado.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77,40p Working Paper-768
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cherry Creek Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Colorado, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Arapahoe
County(Colorado).
PB-271 474/9 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Texoroa, Cooke and Grayson Counties,
Texas; Bryan, Johnson, Love, and Marshall Coun-
ties, Oklahoma. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 77,68p Working Paper-663
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Oklahoma National Guard,
Oklahoma City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Texoma, Water
quality. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Texas, Oklahoma, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Cooke CountyfTexas
Grayson CountyfTexas), Bryan County(Oklahoma
Johnson County (Oklahoma), Love CountyfOklahoma
Marshall County(Oklahoma).
PB-271 475/6 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
An Investigation of the Effect of Open Storage of
Treated Drinking Water on Quality Parameters.
Final rept. Sep 74-Oct 76,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
May 77,20§p EPA/600/1-77/027
Grant EPA-R-803345
Two open reservoirs storing treated drinking water
were investigated with primary focus upon definition of
water quality and development of alternative water
quality control measures. Water quality of each reser-
voir was defined by a comprehensive water sampling/
analysis program and water quality control measures
were developed to mitigate delineated water quality
problems. These control measures were evaluated on
the basis of water quality improvement and preliminary
cost-benefit analysis.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Water storage, 'Water qual-
ity, Potable water, Monitoring, Water supply, Contami-
nants, Airborne wastes, Ground water, Birds, Cover-
ings, Linings, Benefit cost analysis, Marine microor-
ganisms, water pollution control, Chlorination, Copper
sulfates, Calcium hypochlorites, Efficiency, Public
health,'Drinking Water.
PB-271 478/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Meredith, Crowley County, Colorado. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,34p Working Paper-773
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Meredith, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Colorado, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Crowley County(Colorado).
PB-271 479/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lower Granite Reservoir, Garfleld and Whitman
Counties, Washington. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,32p Working Paper-876
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lower Granite Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management,
Washington(State), Eutrophication, 'Watei quality
data, Garfield County(Washington), Whitman
County(Washington).
PB-271 480/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Mayfleld Lake, Lewis County, Washington. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vogas, Nev.
Jul 77,49p Working Paper-870
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mayfield Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
212 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State), Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Lewis
County (Washington).
PB-271 482/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Whatcom, Whatcom County, Washington.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,43p Working Paper-875
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Whatcom, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State), Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Whatcom
County (Washington).
PB-271 483/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Banks Lake, Grant and Douglas Counties, Wash-
ington. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,42p Working Paper-865
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Banks Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Washlngton(State), Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Grant County(Washlngton),
Douglas County(Washlngton).
PB-271 484/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Moses Lake, Grant County, Washington. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 50p Working Paper-872
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Moses Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Washington(State), Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Grant County(Washington).
PB-271 488/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Mechanical Harvesting of
Cotton - State of the Art. Final rept. Feb 75-Apr 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
J. W. Snyder, and T. R. Blackwood. Jul 77,121p MRC-
DA-684, EPA/600/2-77/107d
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-270 240.
The report summarizes reported data on air emissions
from the mechanical harvesting of cotton, including
the machine removal and collection of seed cotton
from mature plants and the transport of this cotton
from the field. Machine harvesting and field transport
cause air pollution in the form of respirable dust, from
soil and raw cotton, and agricultural chemicals con-
tained in the cotton dust. Mechanical cotton harvesting
accounted for 0.002% of the national respirable panic-
ulate emissions in 1972. Highest state contributions
were 0.046% in Texas and 0.025% in Oklahoma. The
air quality impact of cotton harvesting emissions was
assessed in terms of source severity. The highest
source severity was for raw cotton dust: 0.00703 for
picking, and 0.035 for stripping.
Keywords: 'Dust, 'Cotton plants, 'Harvesting, 'Air
pollution, Soils, Agricultural machinery, Seeds, Parti-
cles, Sources, Environmental impacts, Tables(Data),
Monitoring, States(United States), Assessments,
Texas, Oklahoma, Reviews.
PB-271 488/9 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Plan and Concepts for Multi-Use Management of
the Atchafalaya Basin. Final rept. Jan 75-Aug 76,
Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, La.
Johannes L. van Beek, William G. Smith, James W.
Smith, and Philip Light. May 77,220p EPA/600/3-77/
062
Contract EPA-68-01-2299
The report determines surface water requirements of
the natural resource complex, including fishes, wildlife,
and forests, and the socio-economic resource uses,
Including flood control, urban and industrial develop-
ment, mineral extraction, transportation, agriculture,
and recreation. Requirements are expressed in terms
of desirable annual water-level variation, and resulting
hydrographs are compared with those for present and
proposed conditions associated with channelization.
Minimum volumetric inflow requirements were calcu-
lated on the basis of storage characteristics and water
levels as attained at present. Hydraulic geometry of
the present main river channel is analyzed, and those
channel dimensions that are in equilibrium with bank-
full discharge suggest that channel enlargement
through dredging should not go beyond a cross-sec-
tional area of 7,400 square meters. A surface-water
management plan is presented that Is believed to pro-
vide for maximum longevity of the remaining swamp
ecosystem, to minimize the conflict arising from flood-
control needs, and to make possible compatible deri-
vation of benefits from both renewable and non-re-
newable resources.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Runoff, 'Water quality,
'Atchafalaya Basin, Flood control, Surface waters,
Water storage, Land use, Forest land, Wildlife,
Marshes, Hydrology, Swamps, Channel Improve-
ments, Management, Wetlands.
PB-271 508/8
PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
A Summary of Accidents Related to Non-Nuclear
Energy. Executive rept. FY 1976,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
K. Krickenberger, and P. Clifford. May 77, 1 9p M76-88,
EPA/600/9-77/012
Contract EPA-68-01 -3 188
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-265 398.
This report summarizes the accidents and unsched-
uled events which may occur during the extraction,
production, transportation, and utilization of non-nucle-
ar energy technologies.
Keywords: 'Accident Investigations, 'Accidents, Coal
mining, Crude oil, Oil pollution, Petroleum, Natural gas,
Liquefied natural gas, Hydroelectric power, Geother-
mal energy, Solar energy, Oil shale, Exploration, Bene-
ficiation, transportation, Offshore sites, Refineries,
Pipelines, Storage tanks, Oil storage, Data, Oil spills.
PB-271 507/8 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Who's Who II In the Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment R and D Program. Final rept.
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va.
Sep76, 25p* EPA/600/7-76/015
Contract EPA-68-01-3188
Supersedes PB-256 977.
This pamphlet includes the names, addresses and
telephone numbers of the principal people who run the
one hundred million dollar Energy Environment Inter-
agency Program.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Environmental impacts, 'Organi-
zations, 'Directories, Personnel, Research projects,
Management, Pollution, Development, Names and ad-
dresses, Telephone numbers, Research and develop-
ment.
PB-271 513/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Standardization of Stationary Source Method for
Vinyl Chloride. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
George W. Scheil. May 77, 52p EPA/600/4-77/026
Contract EPA-68-02-1098
A program was conducted to evaluate the proposed
EPA Method 106 - Determination of Vinyl Chloride
from Stationary Sources. Vinyl Chloride samples in
Tedlar bags remain stable for more than one week.
Aluminized Mylar bags can also be used if the samples
are analyzed within two days. Several compounds can
Interfere with the gas chromatographic analysis by
forming a single unresolved peak with vinyl chloride.
Acetaldehyde and ethylene oxide are serious interfer-
ences with methanol and isobutane interfering under
some conditions. Retention indices have been meas-
ured for several compounds on three useful GC col-
umns. Nearly all samples can be satisfactorily resolved
with the proper choice of column. Pressurized gas cyl-
inders of vinyl chloride in nitrogen were used for cali-
brations. The cylinders were standardized against gra-
vimetrically calibrated vinyl chloride permeation tubes.
Field tests were also made at a polyvlnyl chloride plant
and a vinyl chloride monomer plant. No serious prob-
lems with the method were found in the field tests.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Quality assurance, 'Gas
analysis, Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Sam-
ples, Incinerators, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, *EPA method 106, 'Air pollution detection,
Stationary sources, Monomers.
PB-271 514/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Method for Analyzing Emissions from Atmospher-
ic Fluldlzed-Bed Combustor. Final rept. Sep 76-Mar
77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
E. L. Merryman, A. Levy, G. W. Felton, K. T. Liu, and J.
M. Allen. Apr 77,102p' EPA/600/7-77/034
Contract EPA-68-02-1409
The report describes an experimentally developed
method to comprehensively sample and analyze an at-
mospheric-pressure fluidized-bed combustion (FBC)
unit. The method is aimed at providing a cost and infor-
mation effective environmental assessment of FBC
units. The report includes a general discussion of the
pertinent areas likely to be encountered In sampling
and analyzing specimens from FBC units; for example,
streams encountered in FBC units, the selection of
streams, procedures for sampling gaseous, solid, and
liquid streams, and the multilevel analytical approach
to emission characterization defined by EPA for com-
bustion units.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Gas analysis,
'Water analysis, 'Chemical analysis, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Air
pollution detection, 'Water pollution detection, 'Solid
wastes.
PB-271 515/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 213
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Venturl Scrubber Performance Model. Final rept. 1
Mar-30 May 76,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Shui-Chow Yung, Seymour Calvert, and Harry F.
Barbarika. Aug 77,215p* EPA/600/2-77/172
Contract EPA-ROAP-21ADL-002
The report gives results of a review and evaluation of
available venturi scrubber design equations. Calvert's
differential equation for particle collection and Boll's
differential equation for pressure drop were selected
for numerical solution, and the results are presented
graphically. Particle collection and pressure drop of
venturi scrubbers can be approximated by the collec-
tion occurring in the venturi throat and by the drop ac-
celeration loss, respectively. Simplified equations were
derived by applying Calvert's and Boll's equations to
the venturi throat section. The new design equations
are much simpler to use, and they compare favorably
with available performance data.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Scrub-
bers, 'Mathematical models, Design criteria, Particles,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Numerical
analysis, Performance evaluation, "Venturi scrubbers.
PB-271 537/3 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Noise Assessment, Mountain View,
Georgia. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
KentC. Williams. Jul 77,233p EPA/904/9-77/021
See also PB-239 429.
The report provides information regarding the environ-
mental noise levels at sixteen locations in the City of
Mountain View, Georgia, adjacent to Hartsfield Inter-
national Airport in Atlanta. Continuous twenty-four
hour monitoring of environmental noise levels was
conducted at the selected sites for periods of time
ranging from two days to three weeks. For each of the
locations examined, the minimum information obtained
on an hourly basis was-the hourly equivalent A-
weighted sound level Leq(1), the maximum A-weighted
sound level for the period, L50, the A-weighted sound
level exceeded 50 percent of the time, and L90, the A-
weighted sound level exceeded 90 percent of the time.
Results of the data analysis showed average day-night
sound levels, Ldn, higher than 85 dbA at two locations.
In addition, the measured Ldn exceeded 80 dbA on
several occasions at four additional sites. Typically,
Ldn exceeded 75 dbA at all other locations over a
measuring area of approximately 1.5 square miles.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), Monitors, Acoustic meas-
urement, Exposure, Tables(Data), Public health,
GraphsjCharts), Auditory defects, Stress(Physiology),
StressfPsychology), Assessments, Criteria, Method-
ology, Tolerances(Physiology), Noise exposure, Moun-
tain View(Georgia), 'Noise pollution, 'Airport noise,
Noise measurement, Appendices.
PB-271 549/8 PC A05/MF A01
Evaluation of Foam Scrubbing as a Method for
Collecting Fine Partlculate. Final rept. Jan-Dec 76,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Geddes H. Ramsey. Sep 77,78p EPA/600/2-77/197
The report summarizes the knowledge and data ob-
tained during an investigation of foam scrubbing as a
method for collecting fine paniculate. The foam scrub-
ber was tested at room temperature, using iron oxide
aerosols at concentrations near 0.00137 mg/cu m.
Inlet and outlet samples were taken with cascade im-
pactors and total mass filters. These tests were per-
formed with different foam residence times and flow
rates. A residence time of 35 seconds yielded a collec-
tion efficiency of 58%, while a residence time of 120
seconds yielded an efficiency of 95%. The operating
cost of foam scrubbing with 99% surfactant recycle is
an order of magnitude higher than that of the most ex-
pensive conventional method.
Keywords: 'Foams, 'Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Fines, Particles, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Performance evaluation, Surfac-
tants, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Tables(Data), Iron
oxides.
PB-271 552/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Sammamlsh Lake, King County, Washington. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,45p Working Paper-874
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sammamish Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management,
Washington(State), Eutrophication, 'Water quality
data, King County(Washington).
PB-271 553/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
American Lake, Pierce County, Washington. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,40p Working Paper-864
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'American Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State), Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Pierce
County(Washington).
PB-271 554/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Holbrook Reservoir, Otero County, Colorado.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,28p Working Paper-772
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Holbrook Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Colorado, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Otero
County(Colorado).
PB-271 558/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Keechelus Lake, Klttlta* County, Washington.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,52p Working Paper-869
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Keechelus Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State), Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Kittitas
County(Washington).
PB-271 559/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Green Lake, King County, Washington. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,28p Working Paper-868
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Green Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Washington(State), Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, King County(Washington).
PB-271 561/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Western Energy Resources and the Environment:
Geothermal Energy.
Resource Planning Associates, Cambridge, Mass.
May 77,117p EPA/600/9-77/010
Contract EPA-68-01 -4100
Geothermal energy-from subsurface heat sources
created by the underlying geologic configuration of the
earth-is addressed, from an environmental research
and development perspective. The report covers var-
ious geothermal energy systems, which serve as
present or potential energy sources. These include hy-
drothermal convection systems, such as geysers and
hot springs, hot igneous systems, and conduction
dominated systems. Special Inserts describe how geo-
thermal resource systems are created and developed.
Keywords: 'Geothermal resources, "Energy sources,
'Energy source development, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Geothermal systems, Hot-dry-rock systems,
Hot-water systems, Land use, Geology, Soil erosion,
Subsidence, Water pollution, Water supply, Noise pol-
lution, Air pollution, Thermal pollution, Ecology, 'West-
ern Region(United States).
PB-271 637/1 PC A02/MF A01
(129)1 In Animal Thyroids from Nevada and Other
Western States. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
D. 6. Smith. Jun 77,24p EPA/600/3-77/067
The data from over 80 thyroids collected during 1973,
1974, and 1975 from animals residing on the Nevada
Test Site indicate that iodine-129 levels in these thy-
roids are near background levels. However, the
median levels in the thyroids of animals living on the
Nevada Test Site are slightly elevated from those
found in northern Nevada, but are similar to those
found near Denver, Colorado, and Rawlins, Wyoming.
Statistical analyses of the iodine-129/iodlne-127 ratios
in cattle thyroids suggest that three populations were
sampled. These populations are: (1) northern Nevada
cattle which were considered as a baseline population,
(2) corralled Nevada Test Site cattle with intermediate
ratios, and (3) free-grazing cattle from Nevada Test
Site and Rocky Flats, Colorado, which had the highest
ratios reported.
Keywords: 'Thyroid gland, 'Site surveys, Iodine iso-
topes, Animals, Cattle, Wildlife, Ecology, Radioactive
isotopes, Tables(Data), Statistical analysis, Baseline
measurements, Radioecology, 'Iodine 129, "Nevada
214 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
test site, Iodine 127, Rocky Flats(Colorado), Western
RegionfUnited States), Nuclear facilities.
PB-271 644/7 PC A03/MF A01
Reliable Analyses of Water by Inductively Cou-
pled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. Analytical
Chemistry Branch. Interim rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Charles E. Taylor. Jun 77, 43p EPA/600/2-77/1 13
Reduction of stray light in the inductively coupled
plasma emission spectrometer (ICPES) has greatly in-
creased its reliability as a technique for the multiele-
mental analysis of water. Because of interferences in-
troduced by matrix elements, reliable analysis of some
less-sensitive elements has been impractical at con-
centrations of = or < 200 ppb. After surfaces in the
secondary optical system were painted to prevent light
scatter and the aperture at the primary lens was re-
duced in the ICPES, some interference corrections
were reduced by more than one order of magnitude.
Reduced interferences in the ICPES along with im-
proved corrections by adding exact concentrations of
calcium and magnesium to reagent blanks run during
sample analyses have definitely improved the accura-
cy of this multielement analysis system. Observed
background changes caused by the presence of mag-
nesium were compensated for by adding matrix ele-
ments to calibration standards. Alcohol was added to
standards, reagent blanks, and samples to overcome
problems of background change during analysis of
samples of unknown organic content such as munici-
pal sewage.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements,
'Sewage, 'Emission spectroscopy, 'Atomic spectres-
copy, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Calibrat-
ing, Accuracy, Samples, Organic compounds, 'Water
pollution detection, Plasma spectroscopy.
PB-271 645/4 PC A03/MF A01
Resuspension of Plutonium from Contaminated
Land Surfaces: Meteorological Factors. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Dlv.
P. N. Lem, J. V. Behar, and F. N. Buck. Jul 77, 36p
EPA/600/4-77/037
A literature review is presented in a discussion of the
relevance of meteorological factors on the resuspen-
sion of plutonium from contaminated land surfaces.
The physical processes of resuspension based on soil
erosion work are described. Some of the models de-
veloped to simulate the resuspension of materials for
predicting airborne concentrations are reviewed. The
significance of some of the parameters used In the dif-
ferent models is also discussed. The interplay of mete-
orological factors measured, discussed, or Implied in
the literature reviewed as related to the resuspension
process is discussed in the final section.
Keywords: 'Plutonium, 'Radiation hazards, 'Atmos-
pheric motion, Meteorological data,
Suspending(Mixing).
PB-271 648/8 PC A03/MF A01
Investigation of the Orion Research Ammonia
Monitor,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab. -Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Instrumentation Development Branch.
Robert J. O'Herron. May 77, 40p EPA/600/4-77/028
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-241 802.
The Orion Research ammonia monitor was investigat-
ed using the Orion specifications and environmental
considerations as a guide. Laboratory tests under con-
trolled environmental conditions showed the electron-
ic stability (drift) to be well within + or - 10 percent of
reading over the temperature range 5C to 42C. Sensor
stability over the temperature range 5C to 42C was
jested by applying ammonia nitrogen (standard solu-
tions of 10 mg/l, 50 mg/l, and 100 mg/l as direct Input
to the monitor. The results of these tests showed that
automatic ^standardization maintained readings
within Orion's specified tolerance of + or - 10 percent
°' reading. Dynamic on-stream measurements were
made of a secondary sewage treatment plant effluent
in a field installation. These measurements were peri-
odically compared with those of the standard method
of distillation and titratlon. Sixty-five percent of these
comparisons were within + or - 10 percent of reading.
Steady-state comparisons were made of field-collect-
ed samples with the standard method for determining
ammonia nitrogen. It appeared from these tests that a
5 percent loss in ammonia concentration resulted from
the required straining and filtering of the sample input
to the monitor. Eight of the nine samples compared
were within 10 percent of the standard method.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Ammonia, 'Sewage, Water
pollution, Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Samples,
Electrodes, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Concentration(Compositipn), Design criteria, Labora-
tory tests, 'Water pollution detection, 'Ion selective
electrodes.
PB-271 649/6 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Studies In Subcllnlcal Lead Exposure,
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
Herbert L. Needleman. Jun 77, 28p EPA/600/1-77/
037
Contract EPA-68-02-1239
The study was initiated to examine the utility of neurop-
sychologic testing in identifying deficits in children with
asymptomatic elevations in blood lead levels. From
the files of the Boston Lead Screening Project the au-
thors selected black male children between the ages
of six and eight years of age, considered symptomatic
for lead toxiciry who had blood lead tests recorded be-
tween the ages of 1 -1 /2 and 5 years of age. High lead
subjects were children with one or more blood lead
levels greater than 50 mlcrograms. Low lead subjects
were children with no blood lead level greater than 30
micrograms. Subjects were tested by a battery of neur-
opsychologic tests measuring intelligence, verbal per-
formance, visual motor performance, gross and fine
motor function, and attention span. Other covariates
measured were socioeconomic status, birthwelght,
and medical history. High lead children were consist-
ently slower at each block of trials on the Reaction
Time under Varying Conditions of Delay (a measure of
attention), and performed significantly less well on
Subtest I of the Frostig Battery. High lead subjects
tended to perform less well on the Maze Coordination
Test, and on the Tactile Form Recognition Test with
the non-dominant hand.
Keywords: 'Lead poisoning, 'Toxiclty, Children, Blood,
Intelligence, Verbal behavior, Vision, Motor reactions,
Attention, Tests, Measurement, Socioeconomic
status, Medical records, Psychological tests, Subclini-
cal, 'Neuropsychological tests, Birth weight, Black
Americans.
PB-271 655/3 PC A04/MF A01
Federal Noise Program Report Series. Volume II.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Noise Abatement and Control Policy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Apr 77,56p EPA/550/9-77/354-VOI-2
See also Volume 1, PB-271 441.
This report discusses some of the features and prob-
lems of the Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment's Noise Abatement and Control Policy. Its pur-
pose Is to serve as aid to persons concerned with
noise abatement and control activities in the Federal
Government.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Government policies,
•Handbooks, Control, Standards, Management, Meth-
odology, Environmental impacts, Decision making, Na-
tional government, State government, Local govern-
ment, Project planning, Data sources, Residential
buildings, Airports, Transportation noise.
PB-271 656/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Dlv.
Alarm-Level Monitor for SO2 Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources. Final rept. Jul 75-May 76,
International Biophysics Corp., Irvine, Calif.
Donald A. Wallace, and Wayne Perkins. Feb 77,34p
EPA/600/2-77/021
Contract EPA-68-02-2233
A field prototype, alarm-level monitor for SO2 emis-
sions from stationary sources was designed, fabricat-
ed and tested. The monitor was designed to be inex-
pensive, simple to operate and easily maintained. The
monitoring system is an extractive type that employs
an air aspirator to pull a sample through a probe and
sample conditioning assembly. The gas sample flows
through an analyzer that contains an electrochemical
cell as the sensing element. The analyzer has the sen-
sitivity to detect 502 concentrations in a single range
from 0 to 1000 parts per million. Visual and audible
alarms are activated when SO2 emissions are in
excess of a preset level.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Sulfur dioxide, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Monitors, Electro-
chemical cells, Concentration(Composition), Gas anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Field tests, Air pollution, Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-271 658/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Blue Mesa Reservoir, Qunnlson County, Colorado.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,52p Working Paper-767
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Blue Mesa Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Colorado, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Gunnison
County(Colorado).
PB-271 659/5 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Allergic Response to Platinum and Palladium
Complexes Determination of No-Effect Level. En-
vironmental health effects research series,
Saint Vincent Coll., Latrobe, Pa. Dept. of Biology.
James Taubler. Jul 77,90p EPA/600/1-77/039
Grant EPA-R-803036
Rabbits, guinea pigs and mice were subcutaneously in-
jected with PtSO4 (with and without NH4CI) and
PdSO4 (with and without NH4CI) in an attempt to sen-
sitize the animals to platinum or palladium. No allergic
induction was found. No allergic induction to platinum
or palladium was found in rabbits, guinea pigs or mice
when these animals were injected intravenously with
platinum or palladium. Dermal contact with platinum
was also tested on rabbits and guinea pigs but failed to
induce an allergic state. Platinum and palladium levels
In the sera, urine and spleens of the animals, as moni-
tored by AAS, were not significant. Rabbits, guinea
pigs and mice were Intravenously or subcutaneously
injected with a platinum-egg albumin complex or a pal-
ladium-egg albumin complex. Skin tests or footpad
tests were performed 10-14 days after the last intrave-
nous or subcutaneous injection. Only guinea pigs In-
jected subcutaneously with palladium-egg albumin
complex developed a hypersensitrvlty of the delayed
type. A delayed type allergy was induced In guinea pigs
subcutaneously injected with palladium complexed to
egg albumin.
Keywords: 'Platinum, 'Palladium, 'Allergic diseases,
•Immunologlc diseases, Bioassay, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rabbits, Guinea pigs, Mice, Dosage,
Injectlons(Medicine), Skin(Anatomy), Industrial atmos-
pheres, Catalytic converters, Air pollution, Responses,
Contact dermatitis, Health risks, Environmental health.
PB-271 660/3 PC A02/MF A01
Radiological Survey of Puget Sound Naval Ship-
yard Bremerton, Washington, and Environ*,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
R. S. Callis, S. T. Wlndham, and C. R. Phillips. Feb 77,
24p EPA/520/5-77/001
December 1983 215
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF)
of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in
cooperation with the U. S. Naval Ship Systems com-
mand (NAVSHIPS) has conducted radiological surveil-
lance programs in a number of ports which serve nu-
clear-powered vessels. These studies were begun in
1963 and have been conducted at ports on the East,
West, and Gulf Coasts of the Continental United
States and in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. These studies
were undertaken to determine if nuclear-powered
vessel operations, including berthing, repair, and serv-
icing, had resulted in environmental radioactivity levels
which could contribute a detectable radiation exposure
to the public. The survey of the harbor at Bremerton,
Washington, in October 1974, was the latest in this
series.
Keywords: "Harbors, "Environmental surveys, "Radi-
ation hazards, "Shipyards, Nuclear powered ships,
Submarines, Sampling, Washington(State), Puget
Sound, Bremerton(Wasnington).
PB-271 679/3 PC A11/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration,
Washington, D.C.
Papers Prepared for: Conference on Public Policy
Issues in Nuclear Waste Management, Held at Das
Plalnes, Illinois, on October 27-29,1976.
MITRE Corp., Bedford, Mass.
Feb 77,243p NSF/PRA-7521960/1 /7
Sponsored in part by Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Washington, D.C., and Council
on Environmental Quality, Washington, D.C.
This document contains ten papers concerning public
policy aspects of nuclear waste management pre-
pared for a conference on this subject held in October
1976. Sponsors included ERDA, NRC, NSF, EPA and
CEQ. Purpose of the conference was to provide a
forum in which to identify and discuss legal, institution-
al, social, environmental and other public policy issues
relating to nuclear waste management. Overall topics
covered included the following: Status and Key Issues
in Current Waste Management Program, Goals of Nu-
clear Waste Management Program and Selection of
Criteria for evaluating Policy Alternatives, Issues in Im-
plementation of Nucfear Waste Management Program,
and Organizational Responsibilities and Alternatives.
Individual papers covered the following areas: descrip-
tion and explanation of the current program and tech-
nical alternatives available; criteria necessary for judg-
ing social and technological systems for managing nu-
clear wastes; appropriateness of present institutions
for dealing with the long-term Implications of nuclear
waste; social, ethical and moral considerations; the in-
teraction between scientific experts, decision-makers
and the lay public; and finally, the relationship between
nuclear waste management, nuclear fission and na-
tional energy policy.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Meetings, Decision making, Public opinion,
Policies, Risk.
PB-271 680/1 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Symposium on Environment and Energy Conser-
vation, Held at Denver, Colorado, on November
1975,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Franklin A. Ayer. Aug 76, 51 Op EPA/600/2-76/212,,
ERDA-47
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
The principal objective of this symposium was to iden-
tify the environmental benefits and threats of alterna-
tive energy conservation systems and to compare the
environmental impacts of energy conservation strate-
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Meetings, Electric power generation, Fuel con-
sumption, Air pollution abatement, Textile industry,
Metal industry, Waste heat utilization, Magnetohydro-
dynamics, Geothermal energy, Solar space heating,
Solar air conditioning, Fuel economy, Industries,
Transportation, Waste processing, Energy storage,
Gas turbines, Heat recovery, Proceedings, Retrofitting,
Residential sector, Commercial sector, Transportation
sector, Industrial sector.
PB-271 69S/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Toxaphene: Chronic Toxlclty to Fathead Minnows
and Channel Catfish. Final rept.,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, Mo, Fish-Pesti-
cide Research Lab.
Foster L. Mayer, Jr., Paul M. Mehrle, Jr., and William P.
Dwyer. Jun 77, 50p EPA/600/3-77/069
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and channel
catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were continuously ex-
posed to several toxaphene concentrations (13-630
ng) in flow-through diluter systems for 8 to 10 months.
Growth and backbone quality of adult fathead min-
nows were decreased at 97 and 173 ng exposures, but
adult channel catfish were not affected by toxaphene.
Effects on reproduction were observed only in channel
catfish in the 630 ng concentration: the period from
pairing to spawning was increased and the amount of
gelatinous matrix surrounding the eggs was reduced.
Survival of fathead minnows was not affected by toxa-
phene, but the no-effect concentration for fry growth
and bone quality was below 54 and 97 ng, respective-
ly. Channel catfish fry survival and growth were re-
duced in the 299 and 630 ng exposures, and bone
quality was altered in concentrations as low as 72 ng.
The maximum toxaphene accumulation from water to
fish was 69,000 times in fathead minnows and 50,000
times in channel catfish. Toxaphene was excreted very
slowly in both species.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Fishes, Minnows,
Catfishes, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Exposure,
Eggs, Survival, Chlorine organic compounds, Cam-
phene, Terpenes, Concentration(Composition), 'Tox-
aphene.
PB-271 696/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Studies of Oxldant Transport Beyond Urban
Areas. New England Sea Breeze, 1975. Final rept.,
Washington, State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
H. Westberg, E. Robinson, D. Ellas, and K. Allwlne. Jun
77,64p EPA/600/3-77/055
Contract EPA-68-02-2239
Relationships between ambient air quality and sea
breeze conditions In southern New England are exam-
ined. In the Boston area, sea breeze conditions were
observed on approximately 25% of the days of the
study (July-August 1975). the sea breeze effect can
either moderate or enhance the pollution levels In the
Boston area. However, the most common course for
the sea breeze is to have a cleansing effect. There-
fore, ozone levels are generally lower during sea
breeze conditions. In the Groton area of Connecticut, a
well-developed sea breeze effect was observed
almost daily. High ozone concentrations usually coin-
cided with a sea breeze effect. Measurements from
aircraft over Long Island and the Atlantic ocean show
that air pollutants are advected Into the Groton area by
the sea breeze. The pollutants over the ocean were
part of the large urban plume originating In the New
York City-New Jersey area.
Keywords: 'Oxldlzers, "Sea breezes, "Air pollution,
'Ozone, Concentratlon(Composition), Transport prop-
erties, Connecticut, Path of pollutants, 'Air quality,
New England, Groton(Connecticut),
Boston(Massachusetts).
PB-271 697/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Harvesting of Grain, State-
of-the Art. Final rept. May-Dec 75,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. A. Wachter, and T. R. Blackwood. Jul 77,99p MRC-
DA-698, EPA/600/2-77/1071
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated July 77, PB-270 550.
The report describes a study of air pollutants generat-
ed by the harvesting of grain. Grain harvesting pro-
duces respirable participates in the form of soil dust
and plant tissue fragments. The former contains free
silica, while the latter contains pesticide residues and
microorganisms. Emissions are generated by the har-
vest machine activity, loading of the harvested crop,
and transport while on the field. Grain harvesting con-
tributes 0.006% of the national paniculate emissions
burden. (Source severity is defined as the ratio of the
time-averaged maximum ground level concentration of
a species emitted, to a hazard factor which is the pri-
mary AAQS for paniculate and a time-adjusted TLV for
silica.) Specific air pollution control technology for
grain harvesting is presently nonexistent.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Harvesting, Grain crops,
Particles, Sources, Pesticides, Silicon dioxide, Microor-
ganisms, Data acquisition, Research, Agricultural ma-
chinery, Intensity, Air pollution abatement, Technol-
ogy.
PB-271 698/3 PC A03/MF A01
A Review of OH Pollution Incidents In and Around
New England,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R. I.
Jeffrey L. Hyland. Jun 77,43p EPA/600/3-77/064
The following report offers a comprehensive review of
oil pollution incidents in and around New England
waters. The first section of the report presents an anal-
ysis of all oil discharge data maintained by the U.S.
Coast Guard for years 1973 through 1975. The data
are analyzed categorically to reveal where most spills
occur in New England waters, where the greatest
quantities are spilled, what types of oil are most fre-
quently spilled, what types are spilled in the greatest
quantities (in gallons), what the most significant
sources and causes of spills are, and within which size
range {in gallons) most spills occur. The second sec-
tion oners synopses of the more publicly recognized
spills which have occurred within the last twenty-five
years, the management of oil discharges and areas in
which additional research is required are discussed in
a concluding section. Work for this report was com-
pleted as of February 14,1977.
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'New England, 'Oil pollution,
Water pollution, Sources, Environmental impacts,
Management planning, North Atlantic Ocean, 'OH
spills.
PB-271 699/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
High-Temperature and High-Pressure Psrtlculate
Control Requirements. Final rept. May 76-May 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Richard Parker, and Seymour Calvert. Jul 77,123p*
EPA/600/7-77/071
Contract EPA-68-02-2137
The report reviews and evaluates high-temperature
and high-pressure paniculate cleanup requirements of
existing and proposed energy processes. The study's
aims are to define specific high-temperature and high-
pressure particle removal problems, to Indicate poten-
tial solutions, and to Identify areas where current
knowledge and data are inadequate. Primary empha-
sis is on the requirements of processes now being pro-
posed as clean methods for obtaining energy from
coal; that Is, fluldized-bed coal combustion, coal gasifi-
cation, and direct coal-fired gas turbines. Also consid-
ered are the cleanup requirements and experience of
other high-temperature end/or high-pressure process-
es such as fluid-bed catalytic cracking units, metallur-
gical furnaces, geothermal power pFants, high-pres-
sure pipelines, and magnetohydrodynamlc power gen-
eration. Current knowledge concerning turbine ero-
sion, corrosion, and deposition problems is also pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control, 'Stand-
ards, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, High
pressure tests, High temperature tests, Fluidlzed bed
processors, Coal, Coal gasification, Energy conver-
sion, Performance evaluation, Process charting, Fur-
naces, Catalytic cracking, Magnetohydrodynamlc gen-
eration, Geothermy, Gas turbines.
PB-271 708/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Activated Carbon Treatment of Kraft Bleaching
Effluents. Final rept.,
Saint Regis Paper Co., Cantonment, Fla.
E. W. Lang, J. W. Stephens, and R. L Miller. Jun 77,
67p EPA/600/2-77/119
Grant EPA-R-803270
216 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The removal of color and organic contaminants by ad-
sorption on activated carbon from the effluent of a
kraft pulp bleaching plant was investigated in a pilot
plant The caustic bleach effluent, which contains 80%
of the color from pulp bleaching, was decolorized suc-
cessfully when it was adjusted to pH 2.5. The spent
carbon was regenerated with caustic solution for an
average of 11 adsorption-regeneration cycles before
thermal regeneration was required. Variables studied
included pH of feed, feed rate, effluent from bleaching
of hardwood and softwood, caustic requirements for
regenerating the carbon, and concentration of color in
feed. Capital and operating cost estimates for a full-
scale plant are presented. The cost effects of vari-
ations in design and operating conditions are also dis-
cussed. Conclusions are that the process is technically
sound, that it will remove 94% of the color and 84% of
the total organic carbon from caustic bleach effluent
from the bleaching of softwood, but that it has slightly
higher capital and operating costs than alternative
methods for reducing color in bleach effluents (resin
adsorption, ultrafiltration, or bleach sequence modifi-
cations, for example).
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, 'Paper indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, Bleaching, Cost analysis,
Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Tndustrial waste
treatment, Pilot plants, Adsorption, Process charting,
Performance evaluation, Concentration(Composltion),
Isotherms.
PB-271 713/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Health Effects Div.
Behavioral and Physiological Correlates of Vary-
Ing NO)M Environments,
Air Force Academy, Colo. Dept. of Life and Behavioral
Sciences.
Lawrence F. Sharp, John F. Swiney, Mickey R.
Dansby, Stephen C. Hyatt, and Dale E. Schimmel. Jun
77.81p EPA/600/1-77/038
The research was conceived and conducted to: (1)
specifically assess a noise profile to which a large pro-
portion of both urban and suburban dwellers are ex-
posed on a daily basis; (2) examine these effects on a
relatively homogenous population with respect to sex,
age, physical fitness, intellectual ability, psychological
structure, and environmental stress; and (3) provide
more adequate control in terms of research design, of
Individual differences which could potentially contrib-
ute to between group differences in noise responses.
Keywords: *Stress(Psychology), 'Stress(Physlology),
Behavior, *Noise(Sound), Human behavior, Anxiety,
Psychomotor tests, Physiological effects,
Performance(Human), Psychological effects, Person-
ality, Ambient noise, Correlations.
£8-871 714/8 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
A Complete Disposal-Recycle Scheme for Agricul-
tural Solid Wastes. Final rept. Jan 74-Jun 76,
Tennessee State Univ., Nashville.
Michael R. Busby, Greg Tragltt, Roland Norman, and
Kenneth Hlllsman. May 77,62p EPA/600/2-77/089
Contract EPA-R-802739
This investigation applied the anaerobic process to the
production of methane gas and a stabilized sludge
»om cow manure and farm clippings in laboratory pilot
Plants as well as a full-scale (2,000 gal.) digester
system. The quantity and quality of gas produced, the
biochemical and chemical oxygen demands, and the
nutritional value of the digested sludge for both the
laboratory and full-scale plants were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Agricultural wastes,
Anaerobic processes, 'Reclamation, Methane,
Fuels, Fertilizers, Feeding stuffs, Sludge disposal,
Animal nutrition, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Manure, Waste re-
cycling.
£••271 728/4 PC A03/MF A01
«*vallis Environmental Research Lab., Cteg.
Anton Mobility In Soils: Relevance to Nutrient
Transport from Terrestrial to Aquatic Eeosys-
ftwa. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Coll. of Forest Resources.
£ale W. Johnson, and Dale W. Cole. Jun 77,38p EPA/
MO/3-77/068
Nutrient transport from terrestrial to aquatic ecosys-
tems is strongly mediated by soil chemical interac-
tions. Ions deposited on or biologically released within
the soil can enter into a variety of exchange and pre-
cipitation reactions prior to (or instead of) entering
aquatic ecosystems. This report reviews the current
knowledge of soil anion adsorption reactions and their
effects on leaching, and suggests a simple model,
based on anion production and adsorption consider-
ations, to predict and explain nutrient transport. The
relationship of this approach to that based on cation
production and adsorption is discussed.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Soil chemistry, 'Anions, Trans-
port properties, Adsorption, Hydrology, Ion exchang-
ing, Leaching, Organic compounds, Inorganic nitrates,
Water pollution, Chlorides, Sulfides, Inorganic phos-
phates, Bicarbonates, Concentration(Compositlon),
Chemical reactions, Soil properties, Path of pollutants,
Ecosystems.
PB-271 727/0 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fine Particle Charging Development. Final rept. Jul
74-Feb 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
D. H. Pontius, L. G. Felix, J. R. McDonald, and W. B.
Smith. Aug 77,243p SORI-EAS-77-039, EPA/600/2-
77/173
Contract EPA-68-02-1490
The report gives results of theoretical and experimen-
tal investigations into the changing of fine particles by
unipolar ions in an electric field, and evaluation of a
specially designed small pilot-scale (600-1000 acfm)
precharging device. Following an extensive review of
the literature, a new theory was developed, predicting
statistically the average charge per particle In a large
collection of particles. The electrical mobility of parti-
cles charged under controlled conditions of ion densi-
ty, charging time, electric field strength, and Ion polar-
ity was measured to determine the average charge per
particle for comparison with the theory. Agreement be-
tween experimental results and theory was generally
within 20%. The precharger evaluation, based on
direct particle charge measurements and the effects
on performance of a pilot-scale electrostatic precipita-
tor of conventional design located downstream from
the precharger, Indicated that effective particle charg-
ing was achieved In accordance with the theoretical
predictions. Particle migration velocities in the precipl-
tator, with the precharger on, were up to 60% greater
than with the precharger off.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Air pollution control equipment,
'Electrostatic precipltators, Particles, Electrostatics,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Ions, Electric
fields, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Cost
analysis, Pilot plants, Mathematical models, Aerosols,
Feasibility, Changing.
PB-271 728/8 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable
Rue Qas Desufturlzatlon Systems: Second Prog-
ress Report. Rept. for Nov 72-Nov 75,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
J. Rossoff, R. C. Rossi, R. B. Fling, W. M. Graven, and
P. P. Leo. May 77,292p ATR-77(7297-01)-4, EPA/
600/7-77/052
Contract EPA-68-02-1010
SeealsoPB-237114.
The report gives results of the first 3 years of study to
determine environmentally sound methods for dispos-
ing of wastes from nonregenerable flue gas desulfurl-
zation systems. Untreated and treated wastes from
seven different scrubbers at eastern and western
plants, using lime, limestone, or double-alkali absor-
bents, were characterized. Concentrations of salts and
trace elements are related to potential environmental
pollution for both treated and untreated wastes. Physi-
cal properties (e.g., bulk density, compression
strength, permeability, and viscosity) are given. Dis-
posal ol untreated wastes In Impermeable Impound-
ments appears to be environmentally viable; however,
the ability to reclaim the land has not been determined.
Chemically treated sludges placed In landfills have
been shown to be structurally adequate; In addition, re-
duction ol leachate Intrusion Into the subsoil is
achieved by the reduction of solubility, permeability,
and surface water. Cost estimates for chemical treat-
ment/disposal equate to $2 to $3 per ton of eastern
coal burned: lined pond disposal costs are estimated
at about 75% of chemical treatment/disposal costs.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Desulfurization, 'Air
pollution control, 'Water pollution abatement, Flue
gases, Electric power plants, Coal, Fly ash, Limestone,
Combustion, Scrubbers, Lagoons(Ponds), Chemical
analysis, Trace elements, Toxicity, Fixatives, Leach-
ing, Utilization, Ground water, Cost estimates, Solid
waste disposal, Sanitary landfills,
Absorbers(Materials), Waste recycling, Limestone
scrubbing, Waste recycling.
PB-271 732/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Reactions of Isopropoxy Radicals with Nitrogen
Oxides. Final rept.,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio. Dept.
of Chemistry.
G. R. McMillan, and M. J. Kaiserman. Aug 77,35p
EPA/600/3-77/081
Contract EPA-R-800659
Information was sought concerning reactions of iso-
propoxy radicals with nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Isopropyl nitrate was photodissociated in the presence
of oxides of nitrogen and an inert gas. The reaction
was found to be less important than the alkoxy radical
NO reactions. The ratio of disproportion to recombina-
tion of isopropoxy and NO was found to be smaller
than the published value (0.12 versus .15).
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution, Recombina-
tion reactions, Disproportionation, Photolysis, Disso-
ciation, Chemical reaction, Experiments, 'Isopropoxy
radicals, 'Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-271 736/1 PC A03/MF A01
Air Pathway Exposure Model Validation Study it
the Montlcello Nuclear Generating Plant,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
J. E. Partridge, J. A. Broadway, C. R. Phillips, S. T.
Windham, and C. B. Nelson. Sep 76,35p EPA/520/5-
76-01 5
The results of a study designed to improve the meth-
odology for estimating the population exposures re-
sulting from nuclear power plant gaseous effluents are
given. The primary objective of this study was to vali-
date a mathematical model (AIREM) for estimating ra-
diation exposures due to atmospheric radioactive re-
leases. This validation was accomplished by compar-
ing the model predictions with actual field meas-
urements made using pressurized ionlzation chambers
and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Use of this model
for predicting external exposures was shown to be
quite acceptable for most applications. The usefulness
of pressurized lonization chambers for making low-
level exposure measurements was also demonstrated
by this study.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Radiation hazards,
'Radiation measuring Instruments, lonization cham-
bers, Mathematical models, Effluents, Sampling, Min-
nesota, Thermoluminescent dosimeters, Monticello
Nuclear Power Plant, AIREM model.
PB-271 762/8 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: A Progress Report of a
Technology Assessment of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Volume I. Summary Report
Final rept. Jul 75-Mar 77,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
In/In L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha W. Qilliland. Jun 77.
185p' EPA/600/7-77/0728
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
Sponsored In part by Radian Corp., Austin, Tex. See
also Volume 2, PB-271 753.
This report discusses development of six energy re-
sources (coal, geothermal, natural gas, oil. oil shale,
and uranium) in eight western states (Arizona, Colora-
do, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South
December 1983 217
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) during the period from
the present to the year 2000. Volume I describes the
purpose and conduct of the study, summarizes the re-
sults of the analyses conducted during the first year,
and outlines plans for the remainder of the project.
Keywords: "Energy source development, 'Environ-
mental impacts, Energy sources, Coal, Geothermal re-
sources, Natural gas, Petroleum, Crude oil, Oil shale,
Uranium, Electric power, Technology assessment,
Water supply, Social effect, Public health, Air potlutipn,
Economic impact, Ecology, Energy transport, Noise
pollution, Energy policy, Arizona, Colorado, Montana,
New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming, Planning, Forecasting, 'Western Region(United
States), Energy resources.
PB-271 753/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: A Progress Report of a
Technology Assessment of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Volume II. Detailed Analy-
ses and Supporting Materials. Final rept. Jul 75-Mar
77,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha W. Gilliland. Jun 77,
842p* EPA/600/7-77/072b
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
Sponsored in part by Radian Corp., Austin, Tex. See
also Volume 1, PB-271 752, and Volume 3, PB-271
754.
This is a progress report of a three year technology as-
sessment of the development of six energy resources
in eight western states. In Volume 2, more detailed
analytical results are presented. Six chapters report on
the analysis of the likely impacts of deploying typical
energy resource development technologies at sites
representative of the kinds of conditions likely to be
encountered in the eight-state study area. A seventh
chapter focuses on the impacts likely to occur if west-
ern energy resources are developed at three different
levels from the present to the year 2000.
Keywords: 'Energy source development, "Environ-
mental impacts, Energy sources, Coal, Geothermal re-
sources, Natural gas, Petroleum, Crude oil, Oil shale,
Uranium, Electric power, Technology assessment,
Water supply, Social effect, Public health, Air pollution,
Economic impact, Ecology, Energy transport, Noise
pollution, Energy policy, Arizona, Colorado, Montana,
New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming, Planning, Forecasting, 'Western Region(United
States), Energy resources.
PB-271 754/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: A Progress Report of a
Technology Assessment of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Volume III. Preliminary
Policy Analysis. Final rept. Jul 75-Mar 77,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha W. Gilliland. Jun 77,
194p' EPA/600/7-77/072C
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
Sponsored in part by Radian Corp., Austin, Tex. See
also Volume 2, PB-271 753.
Volume 3 describes the political and institutional con-
text of policymaking for western energy resource de-
velopment, and presents a detailed discussion of se-
lected problems and issues.
Keywords: 'Energy source development, "Energy
policy, "Government policies, Energy sources, Coal,
Petroleum, Crude oil, Natural gas, Electricity, Environ-
mental impacts, Electric power, Water supply, Land
reclamation, Air pollution, Population growth, Housing
planning, Municipalities, Services, Facilities, American
Indians, Land use, Legislation, National government,
Regional planning, Decision making, "Western
Region(United States), Energy resources.
PB-271 756/9 PC A13/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (2nd) Held In New Orleans, La. on
August 29-September 1, 1977. Volume II. Utility
and Large Industrial Boilers.
Industrial Environmental Research L^., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Jul 77,282p EPA/600/7-77/073b
See also Volumes, PB-271 757.
Contents:
Field testing-application of combustion
modification to power generating combustion
sources;
Analysis of NOx control in stationary sources;
Overt ire air technology for tangentially fired utility
boilers burning western U.S. coal;
The EPRI program on NOx control using
combustion modification techniques;
Design and scale-up of low emission burners for
industrial and utility boilers;
Cyclone boilers-their NOx emissions and
population;
Statistical aspects of corrosion from staging
combustion in a wall coal-fired utility boiler;
Noncatalytic reduction of NOx with NH3;
Western coal use in industrial boilers;
A survey of sulfate, nitrate, and acid aerosol
emissions and their control;
Inventory of atmospheric emissions from stationary
point sources;
Emissions assessment of conventional combustion
systems;
Panel-combustion source/air pollution regulations.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Air pollution control, Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Utili-
ties, Boilers, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Coal,
Burners, Design criteria, Corrosion, Aerosols, Sulfates,
Inorganic nitrates, Regulations, Revisions, Field tests,
Technology, "Stationary sources.
PB-271 757/7 PC A12/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (2nd) Held In New Orleans, La. on
August 29-September 1,1977. Volume III. Station-
ary Engine, Industrial Process Combustion Sys-
tems, and Advanced Processes.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Jul 77,264p EPA/600/7-77/073C
See also Volume 1, PB-270 923.
Contents:
Application of combustion modifications to
industrial combustion equipment;
Boiler burner design criteria for retrofit with low-Btu
gases;
Environmental assessment of afterburner
combustion systems;
Advanced combustion systems for stationary gas
turbine engines;
Development of emission controls for 1C engines;
Emission characteristics of small stationary diesel
engines;
Investigation of staging parameters for NOx control
in both wall and tangentially coal fired boilers;
Design criteria for stationary source catalytic
combustors;
Status of flue gas treatment technology for control
of NOx and simultaneous control of SOx and
NOx;
Evaluation of combustor design concepts
applicable to advanced low Btu gas fired
systems;
Evaluation of a prototype surface combustion
furnace;
(Panel)--Emerging combustion technologies.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Air pollution control, Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Tech-
nology, Furnaces, Design criteria, Boilers, Field tests,
Revisions, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Gas
turbine engines, Diesel engines, Catalysis, Sulfur
oxides, "Stationary sources.
PB-271 764/3 PC A02/MF A01
Use* of Environmental Map* In Determining
Areas of Noncompllance. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
W. A. Brungs. 1977, 7p EPA/600/J-77/041
Pub, in Proceedings of Workshop on Environmental
Mapping of the Great Lakes, Proceedings of a Sympo-
sium, Windsor, Ontario, November 8-10, 1976, p9-13
1977.
A procedure for determining acceptable areas of non-
compliance (mixing zones) around point source dis-
charges is described that is based on the assignment
of relative ecological values to different areas using
environmental maps.
Keywords: "Mapping, "Water pollution, "Great Lakes,
Environmental surveys, Aquatic biology, Water quality.
Mixing, Degradation, Values, Environmental impacts,
Assessments, Point sources, Standards compliance.
PB-271 765/0 PC A02/MF A01
White Sucker 'Catostomus commersonl' Embryo
Development, and Early Growth and Survival at
Different Temperatures. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. Howard McCormick, Bernard R. Jones, and Kenneth
E. F. Hokanson. 8 Aug 75,10p EPA/600/J-77/039
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v34 n7 p1019-1025 1977. Summary in
French.
White suckers (Catostomus commersoni) were ex-
posed from fertilization through hatching to seven con-
stant temperatures from 6.2 through 24.1C. High per-
centages of apparently normal larvae hatched at tem-
peratures from 9.0 through 17.2C. Maximum percent
natch occurred at 15.2C, while only a few normal
larvae were produced at 6.2C, and none at 24.1C.
Growth rates increased from near zero at 10.0C to a
maximum at 26.9C. Lower 1-day TL50 temperature
values for both groups of larvae acclimated to 21C
were near 3C (<2.9), 2-day TL50 values were approxi-
mately 0.5C higher, and 7-day values were 4.8C for
newly hatched larvae and 6.1C for swim-up larvae.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Fresh water fishes, "Cold toler-
ance, Embryos, Growth, Larvae, Exposure, Acclimati-
zation, Mortality, Reproduction(Biology),
Weight(Mass), Survival, Temperature, "Catostomus
commersoni, Reprints.
PB-271 766/8 PC A02/MF A01
General Considerations Concerning the Toxlclty
to Aquatic Life of Chlorinated Condenser Effluent.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
William A. Brungs. 1977,7p EPA/600/J-77/038
Pub. in Biofouling Control Procedures, Technology and
Ecological Effects, p109-113 1977.
Most chlorine toxiclty studies have been conducted
under conditions of constant exposure, rather than
under intermittent chlorination conditions. The recent
emphasis to generate more appropriate data under
power plant operational modes will result in a more
comprehensive and appropriate basis for criteria de-
velopment. In the interim, several considerations need
to be discussed in detail: (1) toxicity is time, concentra-
tion, water quality, and species related; (2) disequilibri-
um usually results in mortality; (3) various physical, bio-
logical, and chemical factors may influence observed
effects at plants during chlorination; and (4) a repre-
sentative research program involves variable exposure
times, exposure concentrations, water quality, and
both fish and invertebrate species.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, Electric power plants, Trout, Salmon,
Toxic tolerances, Exposure, Survival, Mortality, Tem-
perature.
PB-271 767/6 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Sodium Arsenlte Method for
Measurement of N02 In Ambient Air. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
John H. Margeson, Michael E. Beard, and Jack C.
Suggs. 1977,6p EPA/600/J-77/040
Pub. in APCA Jnl., v27 n6 p553-556 Jun 77.
The sodium arsenlte method for measurement of nitro-
gen dioxide in ambient air was evaluated. The method
has a constant-high collection efficiency (82%) tor ni-
trogen dioxide, and is insensitive to normal variations
in operating parameters. Nitric oxide and carbon diox-
ide are positive and negative interferents, respectively.
The combined average effect of these interferents,
over ambient levels, is a positive bias of 9.9 micro-
218 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gram/cubic m. This bias, although statistically signifi-
cant, is minor (10%) in relation to the ambient air
standard of 100 microgram NO2/cubic m and does not
warrant modification of the method to remove the in-
terference.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, *Gas analysis, Air pollu-
tion, Laboratory equipment, Chemical analysis, Moni-
toring, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Absorbers(Materials),
Sodium inorganic compounds, Reprints, *Air pollution
detection, 'Sodium arsenite analysis.
PB-271 768/4 PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
W. A. Brungs, J. H. McCormick, T. W. Neiheisel, R. L.
Spehar, and C. E. Stephen. 1977,71 p EPA/600/J-77/
043
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v49
n6p1424-1493 Jun 77.
This literature review covered 464 scientific papers
with categories on Reviews and Symposia, Dissolved
Gases, Salinity, pH, Insecticides, Herbicides, Pisci-
cldes, Inorganics, Organics, Domestic Pollutants, Ra-
dioactive Pollutants, and Other Pollutants. The review
Includes a tabulation of numerical results of toxicity
testing.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Toxic tolerances, Pesticides, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Mortality, Herbicides, Radioactivity, Organic
compounds, pH, Metals, Inorganic compounds, Expo-
sure, Tolerances(Physiology), Tables(Data), Reviews,
Reprints, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-271 769/2 PC A02/MF A01
Organic Contaminants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G- E. Glass, W. M. I. Strachan, W. A. Willford, F. A. I.
Armstrong, and K. L. E. Kaiser. 1977,20p EPA/600/J-
Pub. in the Waters of Lake Huron and Lake Superior,
V3p417-502 1977.
Organic pollutants may constitute the most wide-
spread waste loadings into the waters of Lake Superi-
or. There are essentially three categories of organic
contaminants. The first grouping consists of those or-
ganic compounds that readily degrade biologically or
chemically. The second category of organic contami-
nants Is comprised of less readily degraded organic
compounds which may be directly toxic to aquatic life
and to consumers of aquatic life, which may be blocon-
centrated to toxic levels, or which may be metabolized
to a more toxic form and stored in higher organisms.
The third category consists of the many organic com-
pounds that can cause taste and odor problems in do-
mestic water supplies or taint the flesh of food fishes.
Identification of Individual organic compounds is diffi-
cult In environmental samples, and currently the state
of the art Is developing. The analytical methodology
employed for all studies was based on extraction of
non-Ionic compounds. The data presented in this doc-
ument for specific contaminants are only a representa-
tive portion of the data available.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Lake Superior,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Blphenyls, Water pollu-
tion, Toxicity, Blodeterioratlon, Odors, Tastes, Potable
water, Cyanides, Esters, Phthalates, Chlorobenzenes,
Chlorine organic compounds, DDT, Insecticides, Diel-
drin, Aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons, Phenols,
Water pollution sampling, Aldrin, Polychlorlnated bi-
Phenyls, DDD Insecticide, DDE Insecticide, Dimethan-
pnaphthalenes, Benzene/hexechloro, Llndane, Cyclo-
hexane/hexachloro, Chlordane, Methoxychlor, Nor-
oomene/chloro, Styrene/octachloro, Thlophene/
wethyl-benzo, Endosulfan, Heptachlor epoxide, Re-
prints.
£B-271 789/fl PC A02
Georgia Univ., Experiment. Dept. of Food Science.
utilization of Chltosan 'for Recovery of Coagulat-
ed By-products from Food Processing Wastes
•nd Treatment Systems,
Georgia Univ., Brunswick. Georgia Sea Grant Pro-
gram.
"•yne A. Bough, D. R. Landes, Josephine Miller, C. T.
Young, and T. R. McWhorter. Dec 78,23p NOAA-
77072701
Grant NOAA-04-5-158-4
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Symposium on
Food Processing Wastes (6th), Held at Madison, Wis-
consin on April 9-11, 1975. Rept. no. EPA-600/2-76-
224. See also PB-266 360. Prepared in cooperation
with Georgia Univ., Experiment. Dept. of Food Sci-
The effectiveness of chitosan for treatment of various
food processing wastes has been investigated. Re-
sults have shown chitosan to be an effective coagulat-
ing agent for reduction of suspended solids in process-
ing wastes from vegetable, poultry, and egg breaking
plants. It has been tested also on cheese whey, sea-
food wastes, meat wastes, and activated sludge. Chi-
tosan has been particularly effective with protein-con-
taining wastes. Recovery of the coagulated by-prod-
ucts obtained by treatment with chitosan and utilization
of these by-products in animal feeds is a potential
option for treatment of concentrated wastes from food
processing plants. This paper reports results of pilot-
scale testing of chitosan for coagulation and centrifu-
gal recovery of activated sludge at a brewery and at a
vegetable cannery. The results of a preliminary study
on the physiological effects of chitosan in rat diets are
presented.
Keywords: 'Byproducts, 'Food processing, 'Industrial
waste treatment, Coagulants, Recovery, Inorganic
polymers, Activated sludge process, Canneries, Feed-
ing stuffs, Diets, Rats, Animal physiology, 'Chitosan,
Sea Grant program, Breweries.
PB-271 797/3 PC A1p/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration,
Washington, D.C. Div. of Solar Energy.
CCMS Solar Energy Pilot Study: Report of the
Annual Meeting Held at Copenhagen, Denmark on
September 13-15,1976,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Redfield W. Allen, and Sheila Blum. May 77,223p
NATO/CCMS-54
Sponsored in part by Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Washington, D.C. Div. of Solar
Energy. Also pub. as Maryland Univ., College Park.
CCMS Project Office, Rept. no. UMD-4908-9. See also
report dated Aug 75, NATO furnished.
This report contains the presentations made by repre-
sentatives of participating countries during the third
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
(CCMS) Solar Energy Pilot Study Meeting held in Co-
penhagen, Denmark, September 13-15, 1976. These
presentations consisted of reports on national solar
heating and cooling programs, summaries of special
reports prepared during 1976 in accordance with the
CCMS System Reporting Format, and previews of
projects for which Special Format Reports will be pre-
pared in 1977. Also included in this document are sum-
maries of major topics covered during the general dis-
cussion session, as well as additionalsections on pilot
study activities.
Keywords: 'Solar energy, 'Meetings, Solar space
heating, Solar air conditioning, Hot water heating,
Buildings, Projects, Project planning, Project manage-
ment, United States, Foreign countries, Solar water
heating.
PB-271 813/8 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Supply.
Economic Impact Analysis of a Trlhalomethane
Regulation for Drinking Water. MCL of THM at
0.10 MHIIgrams/Uter for Large Water Systems.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
Aug 77.137p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. Office of Water Supply.
This document presents the national economic Impact
of a proposed amendment to the Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations which will be the first
phase of a program for trihalomethane control. A criti-
cal part of the Impact Is the cost to Individual water sys-
tems and increased costs on a per capita basis. There-
fore, as much attention has been directed to these
measures as to total national costs.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic Impact, 'Water
treatment, "Water pollution control, 'Halogen organic
compounds, 'Methane, Cost analysis, Potable water,
Economic analysis, Substitutes, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Scenarios, Activated
carbon, Furnaces, Chlorination, Ozonizatlon, Ammo-
nia, Capitalized costs, Water supply, 'Water quality.
PB-271 861/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Existing and Potential Noise Reduction Technol-
ogy for the Fabricated Metal Products Industry.
Interim rept.,
Ill Research Inst., Chicago, III.
E. P. Bergman. Jul 75,284p IITRI-J6331
Contract EPA-68-01 -2234
Investigates noise sources In metal products manufac-
turing, tabulates the sources, and recommends cor-
rective actions.
Keywords: 'Metal products, 'Manufacturing, 'Ma-
chine tools, 'Noise pollution, Motor noise, Metal cut-
ting, Metal working, Noise reduction, Machine shops,
'Machinery noise, Noise levels, Noise sources.
PB-271 863-SET PC E19
Areawlde Assessment Procedures Msnual.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Jul76,2128p-in3v
Set includes PB-271 864 thru PB-271 866.
No abstract available.
PB-271 864/1 PC A99/MF A01
Areawlde Assessment Procedures Manual.
Volume I.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Jul 76,799p EPA/600/9-76/014-1
See also N76-20579.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E19, PB-271 863-
SET.
This manual provides an environmental management
statement of procedures available for water quality
management with particular emphasis on urban storm-
water. The manual summarizes and presents In con-
densed form a range of available procedures and
methodologies that are available for identifying and es-
timating pollutant load generation and transport from
major sources within water quality management plan-
ning areas. The major emphasis of the manual Is di-
rected toward the assessment of problems and selec-
tion of alternatives in urban areas, with particular con-
cern for stormwater related problems. Also Included in
the manual are methodologies for assessing the
present and future water quality Impacts from major
sources as well as summaries of available information
and techniques for analysis and selection of structural
and nonstructural control alternatives.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Urban areas, Assessments, Rivers, Land use, Drain-
age, Surface waters, Stream flow, Water pollution,
Rainfall Intensity, Erosion, Management, Combined
sewers, Water storage, Industrial wastes, Pesticides,
Computer programs, Flow charting, Manuals, Water
pollution standards, Nonpoint sources, Point sources,
Organic loading, SYNOP computer program.
PC A07/MF A01
Procedures Manual.
PB-271 865/8
Areawlde Aseessment
Volume II.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Jul 76,149p EPA/600/9-76/014-2
See also Volume 1, PB-271 884.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E19, PB-271 863-
SET.
This manual provides an environmental management
statement of procedures available for water quality
management with particular emphasis on urban storm-
water. The manual summarizes and presents In con-
densed form a range of available procedures and
methodologies that are available for Identifying and es-
timating pollutant load generation and transport from
major sources within water quality management plan-
ning areas. This volume presents rainfall runoff and
water quality model applicability, and land use and
rainfall data analysis.
December 1983 219
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Mathematical models, 'Water
pollution control, 'Urban areas, Evaluation, Drainage,
Rainfall, Simulation, Land use, Surveys, Storm sewers,
Catch basins, Water storage, Open channel flow, De-
mography, Manuals, "Storm water runoff, 'Model
studies, 'Design storm.
PB-271 866/6 PC A99/MF A01
Areawlde Assessment Procedures Manual.
Volume III.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Oiv.
Jul 76,1180p EPA/600/9-76/014-3
See also Volume 2, PB-271 865.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E19, PB-271 863-
SET.
This manual provides an environmental management
statement of procedures available for water quality
management with particular emphasis on urban storm-
water. The manual summarizes and presents in con-
densed form a range of available procedures and
methodologies that are available for identifying and es-
timating pollutant load generation and transport from
major sources within water quality management plan-
ning areas. Although an annotated chapter is provided
for the assessment of non-urban pollutant loads, the
major emphasis of the manual is directed toward the
assessment of problems and selection of alternatives
in urban areas, with particular concern for stormwater
related problems. Also Included in the manual are
methodologies for assessing the present and future
water quality impacts from major sources as well as
summaries of available information and techniques for
analysis and selection of structural and non-structural
control alternatives.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban
areas, 'Water pollution abatement, Manuals, Assess-
ments, Cost effectiveness, Water quality manage-
ment, Construction costs, Activated sludge process,
Water pollution control, Performance, Graphs(Charts),
Clarification, Nitrification, Trickling filters, Sludge dis-
posal, Incinerators, Earth fills, Bibliographies, rStorm
water runoff, Point sources, Nonpoint sources, Organ-
ic loadings, Primary treatment, Land application.
PB-271 880/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Prioritized Guideline* tor Environmental Fate
Testing of One Halogenated Hydrocarbon: Chlor-
obenzene. Final technical rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Philip H. Howard. Jan 77,29p TR-76-591, EPA-560/5-
77-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -2679
Protocols for environmental fate testing of chemicals
that are of Interest to the Office of Toxic Substances
have been divided into five levels of increasing com-
plexity and cost: (1) review and evaluation of available
Information, (2) development of any missing physical
parameters, (3) screening tests, (4) intermediate tests,
and (S) detailed laboratory or field tests. Chloroben-
zene is used as an example to determine the types of
tests to be run. The level of testing required should be
based upon the quantity of the chemical being re-
leased to the environment, toxlcity (if known), and a
coat/benefit analysis.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Guidelines, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Halogen organic compounds, Industri-
al hygiene, Blodeterioration, Decomposition, Transport
properties, Physical properties, Toxlcity, Benefit cost
analysis. Biochemical oxygen demand, Toxic sub-
stances, Bloaccumulation.
PB-271 881/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Chromium. Final rept May 76-Jun 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
Arthur D. Snyder, Daryl G. DeAngells, Edward C.
Elmutis, David M. Haile, and Joseph C. Ochsner. Jun
77,135p MRC-DA-661, EPA/560/6-77/016
Contract EPA-68-01 -1980
A sampling and analysis program was conducted to
determine concentrations of chromium in the air, water
and soil in the environs of industrial sites and sewage
treatment plants. Five industrial categories - chrome
pigments producers, electroplating plants, ferrochro-
mium plants, leather tanneries, and sodium dichro-
mate/chromic acid producers - were presurveyed to
select the final sampling sites. Samples were gathered
at two chrome pigment plants, an Rloctroplating plant,
a leather tannery and two sewage treatment plants.
The protocol for sampling air utilized high-volume sam-
plers in either a downwind array or in a plant perimeter
geometry. Composite 24-hour water samples were
taken and soil core samples were obtained. The tech-
niques employed for analysis of the environmental
samples were intended to differentiate between the
two most common chromium valence states (III and
VI). This was accomplished for water samples but not
for air, soil or sediment samples because acid diges-
tion converted chromium (VI) to chromium (III). All
analyses were obtained on a Varian AA-6 atomic ab-
sorption spectrometer.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Monitoring, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Environmental surveys, Tanning materials, Water
analysis, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Concentrations(Composition), Gas analysis, Pigments,
Leather, Chemical industry, Electroplating, Water pol-
lution, Air pollution, Soil analysis, Sewage treatment,
Atomic spectroscopy, Absorption, Chromic acid, Per-
rochromium, Sodium inorganic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Environ-
mental monitoring, Sodium dichromate.
PB-271 885/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
An Estimate of the R and D Costs to Develop the
Noise Reduction Technology for the Design and
Fabrication of Quiet Machines Typically Used by
the Fabricated Metal Products Industry. Final rept.,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
E. P. Bergmann. Jan 76,31 p IITRI-J6331-TR
Contract EPA-68-01 -2234
This is a task report of effort directed toward a pilot
study on one noise intensive industry (Fabricated
Metal Products) to more clearly define the machinery
noise problem of that industry, the technology availa-
ble to reduce the machine noise levels, the technology
that needs to be developed and the most cost/effec-
tive/ beneficial means of providing federal research,
development and demonstration participation. Specifi-
cally, this task was directed toward estimating the R&D
costs associated with developing the noise reduction
technology to allow the quiet machinery, needed by
this industry, to be designed and fabricated. This study
concludes that 94 million dollars can be saved through
a closely coordinated RD&D program over a loosely
controlled program for developing and implementing
quiet machinery technology typical of each machine
type.
Keywords: 'Metal products, 'Manufacturing,
'Noise(Sound), 'Noise reduction, Cost analysis, Metal
working, Machine tools, Machining, Machine shops,
'Machinery noise.
PB-271 887/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Assessment of Railroad Fuel Use and Emissions
for the Regional Air Pollution Study.
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden Research Div.
Kenneth W. Wiltsee, Shashi B. Khanna, and James C.
Hanson. Apr 77,95p EPA/450/3-77/025
Contract EPA-68-02-1895
See report dated May 74, PB-235 736.
A methodology has been developed for calculating
and reporting fuel use and air pollutant emissions from
railroad locomotive activity. The procedure uses auto-
mated techniques to report rail activity on a variable-
sized grid system. Separate methodologies were de-
veloped for the two major types of rail activity - road or
line-haul operation and activity within switch yards.
The methodology for road locomotives uses a line
source concept and synthesizes the rail network by a
series of links connecting a system of node points
within the study area. The methodology for switch yard
operation uses an area source concept. Both method-
ologies use as a basic unit locomotive horsepower-
hours and were programmed to provide an analysis of
fuel use and emissions for five criteria pollutants on a
grid-by-grid basis as well as for the entire study area.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Locomotives, 'Fuel consumption, Math-
ematical models, Railroads, Inventories,
Concentration(Composition), Diesel fuel, Particles,
Quality assurance, Numerical analysis, Sulfur oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Computer programming, 'Regional planning, Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Air quality data, Emission factors,
UNIVAC 1100 computers, RAPS program.
PB-271 889/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization and Research Investigation of
Methanol and Methyl Fuel. Final rept.,
Santa Clara Univ., Calif. Dept. of Mechanical Engineer-
ing.
R. K. Pefley, L. H. Browning, M. C. McCormack, M. L
Hornberger, and W. E. Likos. Aug 77,121 p ME-77-1,
EPA/460/3-77/015
Grant EPA-R-803548-01
See also PB-264 632.
An automotive engine mounted on a dynamometer Is
used to generate power, efficiency, and emissions
maps which compare methanol with gasoline. This
data is also used in conjunction with a computer pro-
gram to predict vehicle performance and emissions.
Methanol is found to offer advantages over gasoline.
Two alternates to the stock fuel preparation system
are also evaluated. They show improvements over the
stock system. Computer modeling of the thermokinetlc
events in the test engine using methanol has allowed
predictions of power, efficiency and emissions as func-
tions of compression ratio, spark advance, air-fuel ratio
and speed. High compression ratios appear beneficial.
The report also considers engine wear, cold start as-
pects of methanol. It also presents some gas turbine
evidence which favors methanol over commercial tur-
bine fuel.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Gasoline, 'Automobile
engines, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Power
measurement, 'Thermal efficiency, Performance eval-
uation, Wear tests, Comparison, Fuels, Computerized
simulation, Aldehydes, Revisions, Fueling systems,
Gas turbine engines, Dynamometers, Design criteria,
Nitrogen oxides, Air fuel ratio, 'Fuel substitution.
PB-271 890/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Cost, Cost/Effectiveness Comparison Between
the Use of Enclosures vs. Quiet Machines as
Noise Reduction Options for the Fabricated Metal
Producta Industry. Interim rept.,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
E. P. Bergmann. Jan 76,144p
Contract EPA-68-01-2234
This is a task report of effort directed toward a pilot
study on one noise intensive Industry (the fabricated
metal products industry) to more clearly define the ma-
chinery noise problem of that industry, the technology
available to reduce the machine noise levels, the tech-
nology that needs to be developed and the most cost/
effective/beneficial means of providing federal re-
search, development and demonstration participation.
Specifically, this task was directed toward exploring
the cost and cost/effectiveness trades relating to the
options of adding enclosures to machines or buying
quiet machines.'
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, Machinery, Enclosures,
Cost effectiveness, Industries, Incremental costs, Ma-
chinery noise, Metal products industry.
PB-271 892/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Emission Density Zoning. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Dry.
Frank H. Benesh, Phillip D. McLellan, Michael T. Mills,
and Robert Patterson. Mar 77,192pGCA-TR-77-01-Q,
EPA/450/3-77/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
Emission density zoning is an air quality control strat-
egy whereby all parcels of land within an air quality
maintenance area, excluding public rights of way and
reserved open space, are assigned maximum legal
220 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emission allowances for participate matter and sulfur
oxides, expressed In terms of mass of pollutant per
time period per lot area. The subject of this publication
Is the development of criteria for (a) partitioning an air
quality maintenance area Into component areas, (b)
the setting of emission density limits for all land uses In
each component area and, separately, all major emis-
sion sources, and (c) the revision of the emission den-
sity limits as conditions change. The criteria are then
translated Into a generalizable decision model, a linear
program, for setting the emission density limits. The
criteria and model are tested in two air quality mainte-
nance areas, Baltimore and Louisville.
Keywords: *Alr pollution abatement, 'Regions, 'Man-
agement, Regional planning, Criteria, Methodology,
Concentratlon(Composition), Revisions, Standards,
Linear programming, Particles, Sulfur oxides,
Rates(Per time), Maryland, Kentucky, Models, *Air
quality maintenance, Air quality control regions, Air
pollution density zoning, ~ ' "
Loulsvllle(Kentucky).
Baltlmore(Maryland),
PB-271 894/8 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Air Quality In the Denver Metropolitan Region
1974-2000. Final rept. Oct 76-Apr 77,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, Calif.
G. E. Anderson, S. R. Hayes, M. J. Hlllyer, J. P. Klllus,
and P. V. Mundkur. May 77,468p EF77-222, EPA/
908/1-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4341
This report describes an air quality analysis for the
Denver metropolitan region for the years 1976,1985,
and 2000. The analysis was carried out to provide
background information as to the environmental
Impact of the urban growth that might be associated
with the availability of new wastewater treatment facili-
ties. Generally Improving air quality Is forecast, al-
though exceedances of some air quality standards are
projected. These results are based on physico-chemi-
cal computer simulations, using pollutant emissions
forecasts. Projections of photochemical oxidant con-
centrations, exposures, and dosages were obtained
with the Denver Air Quality Model. Air quality projec-
tions appear to be negligibly affected by major
changes In projected land use and less than propor-
tionately affected by large changes In atmospheric dis-
persion. Measures proposed to mitigate adverse air
quality are examined.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Metropolitan
areas, 'Colorado, Predictions, Forecasting, Computer-
ized simulation, Atmospheric circulation, Methodology,
Exhaust emissions, Mathematical models, Photoche-
mical reactions, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Particles,
Recommendations, 'Denver(Colorado), 'Standard
Federal Region 8, 'Air quality maintenance.
PB-271 905/2 PC A03/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
An Assessment of the Machinery Noise Problem
of the Fabricated Metal Products Industry. Interim
Hi ResearchInst.,Chicago, III.
f. P. Bergmann, and E. B. Ahlers. Jan 76,38p IITRI-
J6331-SR
Contract EPA-68-01 -2234
This is a summary report of a pilot study on one noise
intensive industry-Fabricated Metal Products (SIC 34).
I he primary objective of this study was to ascertain If
enough Information exists in open literature and in pri-
vate and public sources to allow an assessment of: the
machinery noise problem of an Industry; the technol-
ogy available to reduce the machine noise levels; the
"Cnnotogy that needs to be developed; the potential
aoiiity of the industry to pay for the noise reduction
technology development; and the most cost/effec-
we/beneficlal means of providing federal research,
oevelopment and demonstration participation.
Keywords: 'Metal products, 'Manufacturing,
NoiselSound), Metal working, Machine tools, Machln-
'ng, Noise reduction, Machine shops, Acoustic meas-
ufement, Benefit cost analysis, 'Machinery noise, SIC
PB-271 907/8 PC A02/MF A01
Voluntary Environmental Activities of Large
Chemical Companlea to Aaaeaa and Control In-
dustrial Chemicals. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sep 76,20p EPA/560/4-76/009
This report Is Intended to help clarify the extent and
character of the activities of companies In the United
States with sales of industrial chemicals exceeding
$300 million annually to assess and, as necessary,
control these chemicals beyond the environmental re-
quirements set forth by Federal, State, and local au-
thorities. The report should help establish a baseline of
such activities as of early 1976. The Impact of Govern-
mental efforts to stimulate additional activities in the
future can then be judged against this baseline.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Assessments, 'Pollution control, Industrial
wastes, Manufacturing, Soil analysis, Hazardous mate-
rials, Toxicity, Regulations, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Toxic substances, Solid wastes.
PB-271 908/6 PC A03/MF A01
Federally Sponsored Energy Reaearch In the
Northern Great Plains, Montana, FY 1978. Sum-
mary rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Allen S. Lefohn. Mar 77, 41 p EPA/908/4-77/004
The report serves primarily as an Informative docu-
ment to Inform researchers, state and federal govern-
ment officials, and decision-makers at all government
levels how and where the federal energy research
dollar Is being directed in Montana.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Research projects, 'Montana,
Coal, Energy resources, Ecology, Economics, Energy
policy, Geology, Land use, Land reclamation, Social
effect, Population growth, Demography, Air pollution,
Environmental Impacts, Crude on, Natural gas, Elec
tricity, Uranium, National government, Air quality.
PB-271 916/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Market Input/Output Studies. Task IV. Polybro-
mlnated Blphenyls. Final technical rept.,
Auerbach Associates, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.
M. Lynne Neufeld, Marcus Slttenfleld, and Kathryn F.
Wolk. Aug 77,88p AAI-2378/2379-104-TR-3, EPA/
560/6-777017
Contract EPA-88-01 -1996
The recent Michigan incident, in which livestock feed
was contaminated by polybromlnated blphenyls
(PBBs), prompted this investigation. This report re-
views the technical and commercial history of PBBs
and also gives a general overview of the production,
consumption and ultimate fate of these compounds. A
detailed discussion of the manufacturing process and
consumption patterns identifies possible points of
entry of PBBs into the environment. A summary of air
emissions, and the technology involved is discussed;
and the ultimate disposal of liquid and solid waste ma-
terial was investigated. Finally, a cost/performance
analysis of alternative flame retardant Is presented.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Bromine organic compounds, Heat resistant
plastics, Feeding stuffs, Manufacturing, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, By products, Cargo transportation,
Technology, Solid waste disposal, International trade,
Sites, Materials handling, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Reclamation, * Polybromlnated bi-
phenyls, Liquid wastes, Environmental chemical sub-
stitutes.
PB-271 922/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,N.C.
Improvements to Single-Source Model. Volume 2.
Testing and Evaluation of Model Improvements.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Dlv.
Michael T. Mills, Roger W. Stern, and Linda M. Vincent.
Jan 77,174p GCA-TR-76-6-G(2), EPA/450/3-77/
003b
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also Volume 1, PB-264 686.
The main purpose of this study was to determine
whether alternate methods for stability index assign-
ment and dispersion calculation would yield better
agreement between measured and calculated cumula-
tion frequency distributions of 1 -hour S02 concentra-
tions when used In the EPA Single Source Model. The
following dispersion curves were tested: Pasqulll-
Turner, Glfford-Brlggs, Smith-Singer and F. B. Smith. A
fractional stability assignment technique based upon
the work of F. B. Smith was also Investigated. Based
upon model validation results for the Canal Power
Plant In Massachusetts and the Musklngum Power
Plant In Ohio, the Pasqulll-Turner dispersion curves
and stability Index assignment algorithm currently used
in the model were found to give the best agreement
with measured concentration distributions. During the
course of the study the Incorporation of a variable
stack gas exit velocity was evaluated and found not to
appreciably affect the model predictions.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Electric power plants, Atmospheric diffusion, Substi-
tutes, Dispersion, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Numerical analysis,
Sites, Monitoring, Wind velocity, Wind direction, Com-
puter programs, Graphic methods, Air pollution,
Plumes, 'CRSTER models, 'Air pollution sampling,
Single source models.
PB-271923/5 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Sllvlcultural Chemicals and Protection of Water
Quality. Final rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallls. School of Forestry.
Michael Newton, and Joel A. Norgren. Jun 77,235p
EPA/910/9-77/038
Contract EPA-68-01 -3553
See also report dated Mar 75, PB-243 703.
This report Is a comprehensive review of management
practices Involving sllvicultural chemicals, ana evalu-
ates these In relation to both water quality and sllvicul-
tural objectives. It presents an array of procedures and
best practices that permit reaching management goals
with negligible Impact on water quality. The report dis-
cusses the general scope of chemical usage in the
practice of silviculture, presents criteria for limiting
concentrations of chemicals in water, covers behavior
of chemicals used in silviculture operations and pre-
sents pollution control guidelines.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Pesticides, 'Reviews,
'Management planning, 'Forestry, 'Herbicides, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Concentrations(Composltlon),
Water pollution control, Guidelines, Streams, Insecti-
cides, Fertilizers, Ecology, Toxicology, Permissible
dosage, Watersheds, Soils, Monitoring, Path of pollut-
ants, water pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB-271 927/6 PC A04/MF A01
Regional Transport and Transformation of Sulfur
Dioxide to Sulfates In the United States,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Aubray P. Altshuller. Jun 77,59p EPA/600/3-77/054
Trends In and relationships between ambient air SO2
and sulfate concentrations at 48 urban and 27 nonur-
ban sites throughout the United States between 1963
and 1974 have been analyzed. Large decreases in
SO2 concentrations at urban sites In the eastern and
midwestern United States have been accompanied by
modest decreases In sulfate concentrations. Large
variations In SO2 emissions among air quality control
regions also result In much smaller variations In sulfate
concentrations. Large changes In the patterns of S02
emissions have little impact on sulfate concentrations
in most air quality regions. Comparisons of air quality
regions with similar SO2 emission levels and patterns
of emissions In the eastern and western United States
and of S02, sulfate, and vanadium relationships be-
tween urban-suburban and urban nonurban sites lead
to the same conclusion. Long-distance SO2 transport
with chemical conversion of SO2 to sulfates over
ranges of hundreds ot kilometers or more provides a
consistent explanation for all of the observed results.
This conclusion has been suggested earlier, and the
present analysis strongly supports previous discus-
sions. Reduction of sulfate concentration levels will re-
quire strenuous efforts to control SO2. Also, large new
additions to utility capacity In western areas may lead
to significant Increases in western sulfate concentra-
Oecember 1983 221
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion levels. The types of research activities required to
quantitate crucial experimental parameters are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: *Sulfates, 'Atmospheric motion, *Air pollu-
tion, United States, Transport properties, Sulfur diox-
ide, Concentration(Composition), Trends, Chemical re-
actions, Particles, Tables(Data), 'Regional analysis,
'Air quality data, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-271 930/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Severe Sources of Industrial Machinery Noise.
Task Report J6331. Interim rapt.,
[IT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
E. P. Bergmann. Nov 74,76p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2234
This is a task report of effort directed toward the Identi-
fication of the most severe sources of industrial ma-
chinery noise from an occupational perspective, and to
develop information on trade associations which
would be concerned with noise research. Accomplish-
ments include: ranked 19 industries in terms of their
relative noise intensity and their ability to finance ma-
chinery noise reduction; identified 357 machines over
20 industries; identified characteristic sound pressure
levels for 236 machines over 19 industries; contacted
SB trade associations; reviewed 32o abstracts of ma-
chinery noise publications. The findings of the study in-
clude: the most noise intensive industries are those
heavily involed in metal cutting and metal forming;
prime machinery noise sources are those machines
which cut or form metal, high speed machines and
those machines which move material; trade associ-
ations provide a limited technology base for reducing
machine noise; and open literature should provide a
limited base for assessing the technology that has
been applied to reducing machine noise.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), Machinery, Sources, Indus-
tries, Identifying, Noise reduction, 'Machinery noise,
Noise pollution abatement.
PB-271 931/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards. Phosphate Fertil-
izer Plants,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Vladimir Boscak, Samuel Cna, and Nicola Formica.
Mar 77,102p EPA/340/1-77/009
Contract EPA-68-01-3173
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-270 399.
The document presents guidelines to enable enforce-
ment personnel to determine whether new or modified
phosphate fertilizer production facilities comply with
New Source Enforcement Standards. Key parameters
identified during the performance test are used as a
comparative base during subsequent inspections to
determine the facility's compliance status. The several
regulated processes, their atmospheric emissions and
emissions controls are described. Inspection methods
and types of records to be kept are discussed in detail.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Inspection,
'Manuals, Performance, Standards, Sources, Regula-
tions, Government policies, Performance tests, Com-
bustion products, Methodology, Records manage-
ment, Fertilizers, Inorganic phosphates, Guidelines,
'Source performance standards, Stationary sources,
Standards compliance, Enforcement.
PB-271 862/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Process Technology Background for Environmen-
tal Assessment/Systems Analysis Utilizing Resid-
ual Fuel (XI. Annual rept. May 76-May 77,
Catalytic, Inc., Charlotte, N.C.
M. F. Tyndall, R. C. Foster, E. K. Jones, and F. D.
Kodras. Aug 77, 78p EPA/600/7-77-081
Contract EPA-68-02-2155
The report gives results of environmental and econom-
ic assessments of processes using residual oil to gen-
erate electricity. Emphasis was on three commercially
operating processes: flue gas desulfurization (FGD) of
the tail gas from fuel oil burning boilers; remova, of the
sulfur in residual fuel oil by hydrodesulfurization (HDS);
and conversion of residual fuel oil into low-Btu, sulfur-
free gas by partial oxidation (POX). The effort started
with a review and analysis of available literature. Infor-
mation obtained from the literature search identified
many operating HDS, FGD, and POX units. However,
available data was not adequate for a comprehensive
environmental and economic assec^.ient. To obtain
more specific design and operating data, actual plants
were visited. The additional data was sufficient to de-
termine points of discharge and characterize the emis-
sions from each process. Capital and operating cost
information was obtained for all units visited and will be
used for economic comparisons.
Keywords: 'Residual oils, 'Fuel oil, 'Assessments,
'Air pollution control, Economic analysis, Electric
power generation, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Environmen-
tal surveys, Boilers, Gasification, Capitalized costs,
Combustion products, Desulfurization, Cost analysis,
Fluidized bed processing, Operating costs, "Air pollu-
tion abatement, Combined cycles, Solid wastes.
PB-271 964/9
PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Alabama Lakes.
Rept. for 7 Mar 73-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, and
V. W. Lambou. Jul 77,60p EPA/600/3-77/082
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 11 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the state of Ala-
bama Results from the calculation of several water
quality Indices are also included. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: * Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Surveys, Abundance, Dlstribution(Property), Algae,
Sites, Identifying, Tables(Data), Sites, Water quality,
Alabama, Eutrophication, Species diversity.
PB-271 96S/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Fusion Method for the Measurement of Plutonium
In Soils: Single-Laboratory Evaluation and Interla-
boratory Collaborative Test. Rept. for 1 Jan 74-30
Sep76,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div.
P. B. Hahn, E. W. Bretthauer, P. B. Altringer, and N. F.
Mathews. Jul 77,77p EPA/600/7-77-078
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Mines, Salt
Lake City, Utah.
This report presents the results of a single-laboratory
evaluation and an interlaboratory collaborative test of
a method for measuring plutonium in soil. The method
employs potassium fluoride and potassium pyrosulfate
fusions to decompose a 10-gram sample, barium sul-
fate precipitations, solvent extraction and electro-depo-
sition to isolate the plutonium, and alpha spectrometry
to measure the plutonium. The method is appended to
the report. Also discussed are several problem areas
associated with environmental actlnide analyses.
These include the difficulties which may be anticipated
in requiring monitoring laboratories to adopt a specific
complex method of this type. Suggestions are present-
ed for improving agreement between laboratories by
establishing criteria for analytical results rather than re-
quiring specific methodology.
Keywords: 'Plutonium, 'Soil analysis, 'Radioactive
wastes. Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Compositlon), Experiments, Accuracy,
Environmental surveys, Procedures.
PB-271 866/4 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Fabric Filtration Studies: 4. Bag Aging Ef-
fects,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert P. Donovan, Bobby E. Daniel, and James H.
Turner. Aug 77,49p EPA/600/7-77/095a
See also PB-263132.
The report gives results of a study to determine the ef-
fects of aging on filter bags made of woven polyester.
Fabric filter life can be divided into three periods:
break-in, steady-state, and wear-out. During the break-
in, both bag collection efficiency and the pressure drop
across the bag increase. In the steady-state, perform-
ance parameters remain relatively constant until the
fabric begins to fail catastrophically (bag efficiency and
pressure drop both decrease), signalling the onset of
the wear-out. The transition between the break-in and
the steady-state can be interpreted in terms of dust
buildup in or on the fabric, ending in a steady-state in
which the dust arriving during a complete filtration
cycle equals that leaving during the same period. Dust
permanently added to the fabric filter during the break-
in is at 'bulk sites-sites which are not emptied during
the shake-cleaning step of the cycle. Dust can be emit-
ted or lost from these sites, however, as is evident
from baghouse operation with clean air only and from
performance measurements made after washing the
fabric filter with soap and water. The report presents
evidence that supports a further subdivision of the dust
trapped at bulk sites into: that which is loosely bound
and which affects bag pressure drop primarily; and that
which is more tightly held and which Influences bag
collection efficiency primarily.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air filters,
'Aging tests(Materials), Woven fabrics, Performance
evaluation, Efficiency, Polyester resins, Dust filters,
Particle size distribution, 'Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB-271 968/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Bromine Chlorlde~an Alternative to Chlorine for
Fouling Control In Condenser Cooling Syitems.
Final rept. May 76-Jan 77,
Martin Marietta Corp., Baltimore, Md. Environmental
Technology Center.
Leonard H. Bongers, Thomas P. O'Conner, and
Dennis T. Burton. May 77,171 p EPA/600/7-77-053
Contract EPA-68-02-2153
Prepared in cooperation with Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia, Benedict, Md. Benedict Estuar-
ine Lab.
The report gives results of a comparison of bromine
chloride and chlorine for fouling control in condenser
cooling systems, by evaluating their decay rate in es-
tuarine cooling water and their fouling control effec-
tiveness. The program was conducted at an 1100-
MWe, fossil-fueled, two-unit generating facility using
estuarine water for once-through cooling. The halo-
gens were applied continuously at doses of 0.5 ppm or
less. Fouling control was evaluated by observing the
accumulation of fouling on glass panels exposed to
treated and untreated cooling water, and on condens-
er performance data. Decay characteristics of the ha-
logens were evaluated by measuring residual oxidant
concentrations using an amperometric back-titration
method sensitive to 5 ppb. Fouling control resulted
from the presence of bromamines expected from the
rapid reaction of free hypobromous acid with the ambi-
ent levels of ammonia present. Dosing requirements
depended primarily on cooling water temperature.
Using BrC decay and fouling response to treatment
data, a control model was formulated which predicted
minimum BrCI dose necessary to attain adequate foul-
ing control.
Keywords: 'Cooling systems, 'Fouling prevention,
'Bromine halides, Condensers(Liquefiers), Chlorine,
Electric power plants, Salt water, Estuaries, Ammonia,
Water pollution abatement, Sources, Once through
cooling systems, Bromine chlorides, Stationary
sources.
PB-271 969/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Acrylonltrlle Manufacture
(Air Emissions). Final rept. May 74-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. W. Hughes, and D. A. Horn. Sep 77,123p MRC-DA-
537, EPA/600/2-77-107|
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-270 550.
The report gives results of an analysis of atmospheric
emissions from propylene-based acrylonitrile manu-
facturing plants. Uncontrolled and controlled emission
factors are given for each species emitted to the at-
mosphere from each source within a typical plant,
based on field sampling data and engineering esti-
mates. Emissions data are used to calculate several
factors designed to quantify the hazard potential of the
222 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emissions. A detailed process description and flow
sheet are presented for the SOHIO process. Present
and future aspects of pollution control technology in
the industry are discussed. Economic and production
trends In the acrylonitrile industry and in each of the in-
dustries that are consumers of acrylonitrile are ana-
lyzed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Acrylonitrlles, 'Chemical In-
dustry, 'Assessments, Process charting, Sources,
Technology, Air pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Elastomers, Plas-
tics, Concentration(Composition), Manufacturing,
Plant location, Forecasting, Sampling, Atmospheric
composition, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Particles,
SOHIO process.
PB-271 970/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
An Implementation Plan for Suspended Partlou-
late Matter In the Phoenix Area. Volume III. Model
Simulation of Total Suspended Paniculate Matter.
Final rapt.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Oiv., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
George Richard, Jim Avery, and Lai Baboolal. Aug 77,
62p EPA/450/3-77-021 c
Contract EPA-68-01 -31 52
Control strategies were developed for total suspended
particulates in the Phoenix area. The data base and
methodology developed for Phoenix have been ex-
tended Into a general technical support document for
application to areas with fugitive dust problems. This
report Is the third of four technical support documents
prepared for the project. Controls were established
after several Iterations of air quality forecasts which
were necessary In order to attain standards. Section 1
Introduces the study and summarizes the major results
and conclusions. Section 2 discusses the choice of
model. Section 3 identifies factors affecting the repre-
sentiveness of the emissions and air quality data base,
and discusses how the bias In the data base might be
eliminated. Section 4 details the model parameteriza-
tion procedure, including assignment of empirical coef-
ficients for each of the monitor sites. Section 5 pre-
sents the modeling results for 1975 and 1985.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Mathematical models, 'Air pol-
lution control, Particle size, Forecasting,
Concentration(Compositlon), Numerical analysis, Aer-
osols, Climatology, Atmospheric motion, 'Air quality,
Phoenix(Arizona).
PB-271 978/6 PC A03/MF A01
Tritium Retention by Cows and Steers and Trans-
fer to Milk. Final rept. 1970-71,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
A. L. Mullen, A. A. Moghissi, J. C. Wawerna, B. A.
Mitchell, and E. W. Bretthauer. Jun 77, 28p' EPA/600/
3-77/076
The report presents the results of an Investigation de-
igned to evaluate the short- and long-term behavior of
tritium in beef animals and dairy cows with emphasis
on the resultant hazard to humans consuming meat
and dairy products. It is hoped that this information will
be of use to those individuals who must assess haz-
ards from accidental release of tritium, designers of
nuclear waste processing facilities and those responsi-
ble for nuclear reactor site selection.
Keywords: 'Tritium, 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Food
chains, 'Dairy cattle, 'Milk, Metabolism, Cattle, Beef
cattle, Dairy products, Nuclear power plants, Ecology,
ingestion(Biology), Bioassay, Experimental data, Ra-
, Biochemistry, Lactation, Radloecology,
half life, Environmental health.
1 976/3 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
fark, N.C.
"he Metabolism of Naled Inhaled by Rats,
Naval Biosdences Lab., Oakland, Cain.
Pfter E. Berteau, and Robert E. Chiles. Jun 77, 11 3p*
EPA/600/ 1-77-033
Seea)soAD-A037015.
Naled (Dibrom) was prepared with a (14)carbon label
"i the 1 -ethyl position. The labeled compound was ad-
ministered in appropriate formulation vehicles to
female rats by the inhalation, oral or intraperitoneal
routes. Treated animals were either placed In metabo-
lism cages and their excreta and expiration of radioac-
tivity monitored during 48 hours, or they were quickly
dissected after sacrifice, the lungs and stomach ex-
tracted with ether and metabolic breakdown products
analyzed for (14)C products by thin layer chromatogra-
phy. Some animals were also used to determine the
deposition and early distribution of Inhaled naled. Uri-
nary levels of radioactivity were higher when animals
inhaled the compound than when It was administered
by the other routes. Levels deposited in the lung were
very low and this fact limited the generation of analyt-
ical data on the metabolic changes. However,, no evi-
dence was provided to Indicate that there was a prefer-
ential metabolism to the debromlnated form of naled
(dichlorvos) when the compound was Inhaled contrast-
ed to other routes of administration.
Keywords: 'Toxiclty, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Parti-
cle size, Aerosols, Respiration, Metabolism, Rats, Bio-
assay, Lethal dosage, f ables(Data), Deposition, Lung,
Physiology, Phosphorus organic compounds,
lngestion(Biology), In)ections(Medlcine), Peritoneum,
Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Labeled substances,
•Naled, Phosphoric acld((dlbromo-dlchloro)ethyl-
ester)-(dlmethyl-ester), 'DDVP, Metabolites.
PB-271 984/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Ammonium Nitrate Produc-
tion. Final rept. Apr 75-Jul 77.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
W. J. Search, and R. B. Reznlk. Sep 77,80p MRC-DA-
582, EPA/600/2-77/1071
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report describes a study of air pollutants emitted
by the ammonium nitrate industry. The potential envi-
ronmental effect of the source was evaluated. Repre-
sentative processes and an average plant were de-
fined for the purpose of establishing a base on which
to determine the emissions and severity of the source.
The Industry produces 39% of its original solution ca-
pacity as ammonium nitrate solutions and 61% as
solids, of which 92% are formed by prilling. The re-
maining 8% are formed by granulation or graining. Pri-
mary emissions from ammonium nitrate plants are par-
ticulates and ammonia. Processes releasing the great-
est amount of emissions are the neutrallzer (particu-
lates and ammonia) and the prill tower (particulates).
Emission factors were found to be highly dependent
on Individual plant operation.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Ammonia, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Ammonium nitrate, 'Environmental Impacts,
'Chemical Industry, Combustion products, Process
charting, Sources, Industrial wastes, Technology,
Manufacturing, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Particle size distribution, Fugitive emissions, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-271 986/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Dtvtloplno Economic impACt ProwoUon Mocww
for the Fort Union Coal Region. Final rept.
North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. Dept of Agricultural
Economics
Thor A. Hertsgaard, Randal C. Coon, F. Larry Letetrta,
and Norman L Daisied. Jun 77,58p 77030, EPA/908/
4-77/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -3507
This report Is the initial phase of a study to develop,
adapt, and Integrate models for evaluating the eco-
nomic effects of expanded coal mining and conversion
In the Northern Great Plains (Fort Union) Region. Work
under Phase I was designed to determine me useful-
ness for describing interindustry relationships In west-
em North Dakota, southeastern Montana, and north-
eastern Wyoming of Input-output coefficients previous-
ly developed for North Dakota. The 17 sector model
(which Includes coefficients collected In Phase I for the
coal mining, coal fired thermal electric generating, pe-
troleum and natural gas extraction, and petroleum re-
fining sectors) provides personal Income estimates
that coincide more closer/ with Department of Com-
merce estimates than do those obtained with the earli-
er 13 sector model. It appears that the Input-output
model can be used for estimating the potential effects
of coal resource development In North Dakota.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Environmental impacts,
'Economic models, Economic impact, Regions, North
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Input, Output, Economic
development, Mathematical prediction, Estimating,
'Northern Great Plains Region(United States), Interin-
dustry relations.
PB-271 986/2 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Overview and Prlorltlzatlon
of Emissions from Textile Manufacturing. Final
rept. Feb 76-Jan 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. A. Wachter, S. R. Archer, and T. R. Blackwood. Sep
77,142p MRC-DA-702, EPA/600/2-77/107h
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-270 550.
The report gives an overview of air pollution emission
levels and a ranking of the public health hazard poten-
tial of textile manufacturing operations. The textile In-
dustry was defined and categorized by Bureau of the
Census Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes.
Flow charts of production were developed along with
production rates per SIC code. Sources of emissions
were defined and emission quantities computed on the
basis of an extensive literature survey and engineering
analysis. Mass emissions from textile sources were
determined on a state-by-state and national basis for
criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide, paniculate
matter, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and sulfur diox-
ide). The hearth hazard potential of each source was
quantified through impact factors based on downwind
exposure to concentrations of pollutants In relation to
hazard factors for those pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Textile industry, 'Public
health, 'Environmental surveys, Hazards, Sources,
Reviews, States(Unlted States), Carbon monoxide,
Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur diox-
ide, Statistical distributions, Computation, Production
rate.
PB-271 989/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Generation of Fumes Simulating Partlculate Air
Pollutants. Final rept. Jan 75-Apr 77,
Naval Weapons Center, Chine Lake, Calif.
J. W. Carroz, F. K. Odencrantz, and W. G. Flnnegan.
Jul 77,100p EPA/600/2-77/132
The report describes techniques developed for gener-
ating large quantities of reproducible, stable, Inorganic,
fine-particle aerosol fumes. These fumes simulated
partlculate air pollutants emitted from power genera-
tion, basic oxygen furnaces, electric arc furnaces, and
zinc smelting. The aerosols were generated by burning
flammable solutions containing appropriate soluble
compounds (e.g., nitrates) of the desired elements. In
the flame, these compounds decomposed to oxides.
Particle size determinations were made using scan-
ning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and
TEM) photographic analysis of captured particles, as
well as Whitfiy and Royco aerosol analyzers. The gen-
erated aerosol flow rates were as high as 42 cu m per
mln (148 cfm)jparticle loadings were as high as 16.8 g
per cu m at STP. For most aerosols the aerosol parti-
cle and condensation nuclei concentrations were of
the order of 10 to the 9th power particles per cu cm.
The aerosol volume median diameters varied from
less than 0.015 to greater than 4.7 micrometers and
were primarily a function of the solution ingredients.
Methods were developed to vary the SO2 concentra-
tion and particle resistivities.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Oxides, 'Air pollution control, Par-
ticles, Aerosols, Electric power plants, Furnaces,
Smelting, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composltion), Industrial wastes, Simu-
lators, Fly ash, Particle size distribution, Coal, Sulfur
dioxide, Fumes, Technology.
PB-271 990/4 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Wastewater Reclrculatlon System: Pre-
liminary Engineering. Final rept. May 73-Jun 76,
Owens-Corning Flberglas Corp.. Toledo, Ohio.
A. W. Loven, and J. L.Rntenich. Feb 77,177p EPA/
600/2-77/043
December 1983 223
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-S-801173-01-02
Prepared In cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc. Atlanta Qa.
The report details the preliminary engineering work
done at Owens-Cornlng's (O-C's) Anderson, South
Carolina, fibrous glass plant. The purpose of the work
was to test, on a pilot plant scale, various technologies
to be used to clean up Industrial wastewater for a
closed-loop system, I.e., for total industrial wastewater
reuse. Conceptual design has been developed for the
testing treatment processes of sand filtration, activat-
ed carbon adsorption, and disinfection, As a result of
this work, 0-C has authorized the construction of a full
scale plant which will be in operation In 197S. This
report makes the developed technology available to
the industry prior to publication of details of final plant
construction and operation.
Keywords: •Circulation, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water
pollution control, 'Feedback control, Data analysis,
Pilot plants, Technology, Filtration, Activated carbon,
Disinfection, Adsorption, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Inorganic compounds, Process charting, performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Coagulation, Flotation,
donation, Reclamation, Ion exchanging, Reverse os-
mosis, Chlorination, Substitutes, Biological Industrial
waste treatment.
PB-271 993/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dtv. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Standard* of Performance for New Stationary
Source*. Supplement No. 1. A Compilation aa of
March 15,1977. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
15 Mar 77, 77p EPA/340/1-76/0098
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
In this supplement for Standards of Performance for
New Stationary Sources, revisions which have ap-
peared In the Federal Register since the publication of
the handbook on August 1, 1976 are presented. The
full text of all revisions and other notices pertaining to
the standards for air pollution are included as well as
the full text of all proposed amendments as of March
15,1977.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sources, 'Regu-
lations, Standards, Revisions, Handbooks, Combus-
tion products, Tests, Stationary sources, Air pollution
standards, Test methods.
PB-271 994-T PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Conservation. Volume 10, Number 4(54), 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1977,70pTT-76-54024/4
Unedited trans, of Ochrona Powietrza (Poland) vlO
n4(54) 1976, by Andrzej Skup. See also Volume 10,
Number 3, PB-269 064. The above journal is translated
onal Sci-
Foreign
on a regular basis. Sponsored in part by National Sci-
ence Foundation, Washington, D.C. Special F
Currency Science Information Program,
Contents:
The appraisal of operation of the dust control
system equipped on the electric arc furnaces at
the Baildon Ironworks;
The dust control problems in cement industry;
The influence of some meteorological parameters
on the spatial distribution of pollutants in the
atmosphere;
Analysis of the dust collection process on granular
beds;
Preliminary results of the studies on the efficiency
of some demisting systems;
Patent review;
Review of papers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Translations, Air pollution
control, Dust control, Spatial distribution, Atmospheric
diffusion, Demisters, Reviews, Performance evalua-
tion, Efficiency, Patents, Granulators, Cements, Aero-
sols, Poland.
PB-272 013/4 PC A22/MF A01
Ghent Generating Station Unit* 3 and 4, Ghent,
Ky. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
Aug 77, 509p EPA/904/9-77-022
Project is located at river mile 536 on the Ohio River,
1.5 miles upstream from the town of Ghent in Carroll
County, KY. This impact statement was prepared
under the third part consultant procedure, outlined In
the EPA January 11, 1877 regulatif10 governing EIS
preparation for industry projects requiring NPDES new
source permits. The Applicant proposes to add two
500 NW, low sulfur content coal fired units to the
Ghent Electric Generating Station, presently 1000 NW.
Major issues raised on this project are the proliferation
of power generating facilities within the Ohio River
Valley and their attendant significant impact to ambient
air quality. Identified secondary impacts would be a
land use shift from rural agriculture to industrial and
commerical uses.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements, 'Ther-
mal power plants, Electric power generation, Land
use, Air pollution, Ohio River, 'Coal fired power plants,
Carroll County(Kentucky), Air quality, Ghent Electric
Power Plant.
PB-272 030/8 PC A04/ MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Machinery Noise and Exposed Machine Operator*
In the Fabricated Metal Producta Industry (SIC
34). Interim rept.,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, III.
E. 8. Ahlers, and E. P. Bergmann. Jul 75, 74p
Contract EPA-68-01 -2234
Effort was directed toward the identification of ma-
chines, noise levels and numbers of workers exposed
in the fabricated metal products industry. It Is conclud-
ed that: Of 836,000 production workers In the fabricat-
ed metal products industry, 442,000 (53 percent) are
machine operators exposed to noise levels above 85
dBA, 387,000 (46 percent) above 90 dBA, and 269,000
(32 percent) above 95 dBA. The age distribution of ma-
chines in the Industry indicates that long lead times will
occur beyond the date of availability of quiet machines
to achieve any substantial reduction in the number of
exposed operators solely by normal machine replace-
ments. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), Machinery, Machine tools,
Noise pollution, Operators(Personnel), Identifying, In-
dustries, 'Machinery noise, Noise levels, Metal prod-
ucts industry, SIC 34.
PB-272 043/1 Not available NTIS
An Exhaustive Steam-Distillation and Solvent-Ex-
traction Unit for Pesticides and Industrial Chemi-
cal*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. D. Veith, and L M. Kiwus. 1977,8p EPA/600/J-77/
044
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 n6 p631 -636 1977.
The authors have developed a modified Nielsen-
Kryger steam-distillation apparatus that provides ex-
haustive distillation of pesticides and industrial chemi-
cals from water, sediments, and tissue and the simul-
taneous extraction of the distillate by a small volume of
organic solvent. The extract Is generally suitable for
direct gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis with-
out the time-consuming concentration and cleanup
procedures.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical industry, 'Solvent
extraction, 'Distillation, 'Laboratory equipment,
'Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Sediments,
Tissue(Biology), Gas chromatography, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Water pollution, Reprints,
Water pollution detection.
PB-272 048/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Sludge Handling and Disposal Practices at Select-
ed Municipal Waatewater Treatment Plant*.
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
Mo.
Apr 77,56p EPA/430/9-77/007,, EPA/MCD-36
Contract EPA-68-01-3289
This report describes the sludge handling practices
employed by members of the Association of Metropoli-
tan Sewerage Agencies (AMSA). Dewaterlng and dis-
posal methods are evaluated with respect to the prev-
alence of various types of equipment and systems,
sludge handling costs, and other factors. Research
needs and nontechnical aspects of sludge manage-
ment are discussed. Composite flow charts are pre-
sented to illustrate how the different plants proce**
sewage sludge. Charts are included for primary, sec-
ondary, and combined sludges. The quantities of
sludge handled by each unit operation and the number
of plants using the process are shown. The most com-
monly used types of equipment In decreasing order of
frequency, are anaerobic digestion, gravity thickening,
ana vacuum filtration. Data on specific types of equip-
ment were correlated with the type of sludge proc-
essed, plant size, and other parameters.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Site surveys, Operating costs, Management analysis,
Anaerobic processes, Vacuum filtration, Incinerators,
Centrifuges, Transportation, Cost analysis, Dewater-
ing, Sludge drying, Process charting, Sewage sludge
disposal.
PB-272 051/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
A Technical, Environmental and Economic Evalua-
tion of the Gl*«* Recovery Plant at Franklin, Ohio.
Final rept.
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, Ohio.
1977,112pEPA/SW-146c
Contract EPA-68-01-2211
This report presents a technical, economical evalua-
tion of the Glass Recovery Subsystem operating at the
Franklin, Ohio Solid Waste and fiber recovery plant
Discussions include a description of the mechanical
separation of glass from municipal solid waste using a
color sorting technique, and the costs for implement-
Ing the subsystem In facilities processing 150, 500 and
1000 tons of municipal solid waste per day. A discus-
sion of aluminum recovery Is Included.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
Refuse disposal, Glass, Metals, Aluminum, Pilot
plants, Sorting, Separation, Slurries, Magnetic separa-
tors, Process charting, Electrostatic separators, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Environmental Impact*,
Sanitary landfills, Industrial hygiene, Economic analy-
sis, 'Glass recycling, 'Metal recycling, Waste recy-
cling, Franklin(Ohio).
PB-272 078/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Special
Studies Branch.
Effect* of Cyanophage SAM-1 Upon 'Mlcrocyati*
aeruglnosa'. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Oshkosh.
D. L. Parker, G. P. Jansen, and L. Corbett. Jul 77,64p
EPA/600/3-77/079
Cyanophage SAM-1, which infects Synechoccus ce-
drorum, Anacystis nidulans and certain strains of Ml-
crocystis aeruginosa has been isolated from sewage.
The host range of cyanophage SAM-1 differs from
those of other reported cyanophages. Phage SAM-1
stocks are rapidly inactivated at temperatures above
45 C or at pH values below 4 or above 10. The simulta-
neous application of chloroform and of agitation re-
duces viral infectivity to 20% of the original infectMty.
The SAM-1 multiplication cycle has a latent period of
10 hours, a rise period of an additional 6 hours, and
eclipse period of 6 hours, and an average burst size of
90 plaque-forming units per infected cell. Electron mi-
crographs show SAM-1 virions consisting of polyhe-
dral head and a contractile tail with a distinctive termi-
nal structure. The properties of cyanophage SAM-1
are compared with those of other cyanophages.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Cyanophyta, 'Algae, 'Pest con-
trol, Aquatic plants, Morphology, Electron microscopy,
Stability, Properties, Virology, 'Phages, Lysogeny,
'Plant viruses, 'Cyanophage, Microcystis aeruglnosa,
Synechococcus cedrorum, Anacystis nidulans, Algal
blooms, Hosts(Biology).
PB-272 092/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Toxic Effect of Water Soluble Pollutant* on Freeh-
water Fish. Final rept. 1 Mar 72-30 Jun 75,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Physiol-
ogy.
224 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Paul O. Fromm. May 77,65p EPA/600/3-77/057
Grant EPA-R-801034
Studies of the effect of inorganic and organic mercury
on trout indicated that uptake was primarily via the gills
in non-feeding fish. Organic mercury entered fish at a
faster rate than inorganic mercury. Exposure of trout to
10 micrograms Hg/1 (methyl form) had no effect on the
gill oxygen consumption measured in vitro or on the
plasma electrolytes. The hematocrit index increased
significantly. Studies of the metabolism of iron by
normal and iron deficient trout (made deficient by
bleeding) indicated that the liver, spleen, and head
kidney are the major iron storage organs. Liver iron
was reduced by bleeding whereas splenic iron was un-
affected. In iron deficient fish more radioiron appeared
in erythrocytes than in normal controls. Studies of iso-
lated-perfused gills revealed the presence of both
alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and the data ob-
tained indicate the functional surface area of trout gills
can be regulated by changes in perfusion pathway
through the gills. Use of perfused gills appears to be a
very sensitive model to detect deleterious action of
pollutants on fish.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Fishes, 'Mercury organic com-
pounds, 'Mercury inorganic compounds, 'Iron, Fresh
water fishes, Trout, Metabolism, Blood analysis, Phys-
iological effects, Respiration, Mercury poisoning, Ex-
posure, Tables(Data), Experimental data, Bioassay,
Concentration(Composition), Gills(Fishes), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Rainbow trout, Mercury
chlorides, Animal models, Salmo galrdnerl, Laboratory
experiments.
PB-272 095/1 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
llMr Acceptance of Wastewater Sludge Comport
Final rept.,
Culp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, Eldor-
ado Hills, Calif.
William F. Ettlich, and Anne E. Lewis. Aug 77,56p
EPA/600/2-77/096
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
This study involved visits to several composting and
composting distribution operations, extensive litera-
ture review, and interviews with users in several metro-
politan areas. Existing and past compost and sludge
product distribution operations were analyzed to deter-
mine the characteristics of the successful operations
and the factors that may have led to lack of success or
failure of others. Results of the study indicate that
demand already exists for wastewater sludge compost
in certain metropolitan areas and that this demand was
developed by implementing a planned program. Simi-
lar wastewater sludge product distribution operations
have failed in the past because of high pricing or poorly
planned programs. A broad characterization of user re-
quirements and desires was developed based on user
interviews.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
Composts, Management planning, Solid waste dls-
Posal, Transportation, Economic analysis, Site sur-
veys, Public opinion, Soil properties, Vegetation, Mar-
keting, Reclamation, Sewage sludge disposal.
PB-27J 096/9 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
signmcanc* of Sin Reduction In Solid Waste
M«wg«m«nt. Final rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley.
George J. Trezek. Jul 77,167p EPA/600/2-77/131
Grant EPA-R-804034
This report provides Information from laboratory re-
search conducted to characterize the size reduction of
municipal solid waste (MSW), Results and data are
Presented on the relationships between refuse size
awnbution, particle size, grinding speed, moisture
content, energy consumption, and Teed rate. Also pre-
«ented are some basic considerations for designing
•olid waste shredders.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
Comminution, 'Shredders, Particle size, Moisture
content, Design, Laboratory tests, Grinding
machinesOools). Performance evaluation, Electric
Power consumption.
PB-272 097/7 PC A1S/MF A01
Qreensboro-Qullford County, North Carolina, 201
Wastewater Treatment System, EPA Project Nos.
C37037601, C37036901. (Draft environmental Impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Jul 77,330p EPA/904/9-77/018
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Dept. of
Natural and Economic Resources, Raleigh. (PC A15/
MFAA01).
The subject action of this Draft Environmental Impact
Statement is the awarding of grant funds to the city of
Greensboro, N.C. for the purpose of developing a
wastewater treatment system to service The Greens-
boro-Guilford County area. Major issues involved in
this EIS are plant site location primary and secondary
land use and related social impacts. The EIS consists
of three major sections. (Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'North Carolina, 'Sewage treatment, Counties, Waste
water, Facilities, Sites, Land use, Social effect, Evalua-
tion, Municipalities, Upgrading, Construction, Aban-
donment, Alternatives, Greensboro(North Carolina),
'Guilford County(North Carolina).
PB-272 098/5 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Temperature on Hatching Success and
Survival of Larvae In the White Bass,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. Howard McCormick. Jun 77,22p EPA/600/3-77/
075
To determine temperature effects on hatching suc-
cess of white bass (Morone chrysops) embryos,
sample lots of fertilized eggs were exposed to 10 con-
stant temperatures, 6 through 30C. Exposures were
begun at two stages of embryonic development,
before gastrulation and after closure of the blastopore.
Embryos exposed before gastrulation were more sen-
sitive to extreme temperatures than those exposed
after closure of the blastopore. The percentage of
normal larvae hatched from embryos exposed before
gastrulation was not significantly impaired over the
temperature range 18 - 26C (P>0.05). When first ex-
posed after blastopore closure the range of tempera-
tures allowing unimpaired hatching was extended to
14 - 26C (P>0.05). Normal larvae hatched at 14 - 28C
from embryos exposed before gastrulation and at 10 -
28C when exposed after blastopore closure, but at the
extremes in significantly reduced numbers (P<0.05).
Hatching took place 4.5 days after fertilization when in-
cubation at 11C and 1 day after fertilization at 26C. The
24-hr TL50 for white bass larvae exposed within 24 hr
of hatching and acclimated at temperatures from 14 to
26C was between 30 and 32C and was not altered by
acclimation.
Keywords: 'Bass, 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Heat tol-
erance, Temperature, Exposure, Larvae, Embryos, Ac-
climatization, Survival, Tables(Data), Fresh water
fishes, Stress(Physiology), Ecology, * Morone chry-
sops.
PB-272 099/3 PC A03/MF A01
The Short-Term Effects of Lead on Domestic and
Wild Animals. Literature review,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
R. P. Bolts. Jan 77,38p' EPA/600/3-77/009
Small quantities of lead, a ubiquitous and toxic ele-
ment, may be found in practically all species of plants
and animals. The list of animals, both domestic and
wild, reportedly intoxicated by lead Is Impressive. The
sources of lead poisoning vary with species of animals.
Lead base paints, used motor oils, spend lead shot
and pastures contaminated by lead smelters seeming-
ly have been most often incriminated. The lesions as-
sociated with lead intoxication may vary widely both
within and between species of animals. Lesions and
symptoms of the central nervous system are the most
prominent. Toxic levels for various species as reported
In the literature vary widely and seemingly a single
toxic dose for each species, as yet, has not been defi-
nitely established. The diagnosis and treatment of lead
intoxication may become laborious and time consum-
ing. Most symptoms, reported Involve central nervous
system dearrangement. Treatment of most clinical
cases is disappointing generally because of the acute
nature of lead poisoning.
Keywords: 'Lead poisoning, 'Animals, 'Toxicity, 'Vet-
erinary medicine, Wildlife, Physiological effects, Toxi-
cology, Animal diseases, Metabolism, Diagnosis, Pa-
thology, Chemical analysis, Therapy, Tables(Data),
Domestic animals, Livestock, Sources, Lethal dosage,
Dosage, Epizootiology.
PB-272 100/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Effects of Selected Wastewater Chlorlnatlon
Products and Captan on Marine Algae. Report for
15 Jul 75-14 Jul 76,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y.
Harlsh C. Sikka, and Gary L. Butler. Mar 77,47p EPA/
600/3-77/029
Grant EPA-R-803943010
Effects of stable chloro-organic compounds formed
during chlorination of sewage effluents on growth of
marine unicellular algae were determined. Captan sup-
pressed growth of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Porphyri-
dium cruentum at 5 ppm. Growth of Skeletonema cos-
tatum was inhibited by 0.25 ppm captan. 3-Chloroben-
zoic acid inhibited growth of S. costatum at 10 ppm but
had no effect on D. tertiolecta or P. cruentum. There
was no effect of 1-10 ppm 5-chlorouracil on S. costa-
tum, but growth of D. tertiolecta was stimulated initially.
Growth of S. costatum was Inhibited by 1 ppm 4-chlor-
oresorclnol, and 10 ppm inhibited growth of P. cruen-
tum. At 1 ppm, 3-chlorophenol stimulated growth of all
three species, but growth of S. costatum was inhibited
by 2.5 ppm. A combination of 3-chlorophenol and 4-
cnlororesorcinol interacted synergistically to reduce
growth of S. costatum. It is concluded that chloro-or-
ganic compounds formed during chlorination of
sewage effluent are not an immediate threat to marine
unicellular algae.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Chlorination, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution, Growth, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, waste water, Biological productivity, Phyto-
plankton, Toxicity, Benzole acids, Alkene compounds,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Cycloalkene com-
pounds, Pesticides, Resorclnols, Fungicides, Benzole
acid/chloro, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costa-
tum, Porphyridium, Captan, Water pollution
effects(Plants), Uracil/chioro, Resorcinoi/chloro,
Phenol/chloro, Cyclohexene dicarboximide/N-((trich-
loromethyl)-thlo).
PB-272 101/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Chronic Toxicity of Methoxychlor, Malathlon, and
Carbofuran to Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprlnodon
varlegatus). Final rept.,
EG and G, Bionomics, Pensacola, Fla. Marine Re-
search Lab.
Patrick R. Parrish, Elizabeth E. Dyar, Mark A. Lindberg,
Chiara M. Shanika, and Joanna M. Enos. Apr 77,49p
EPA/600/3-77/059
Contract EPA-68-03-0264
Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were
exposed to each of three pesticides-methoxychlor,
malathlon, and carbofuran~ln flowing seawater to de-
termine the acute and chronic (partial life-cycle) ef-
fects. Mortality of adult fish exposed to concentrations
of methoxychlor > or - 23 mlcrograms/l and hatching
success of fry from eggs spawned by fish exposed to
23 micrograms/l were significantly different from the
control. Mortality of adult fish exposed to concentra-
tions of malathlon > or -18 micrograms/l and mortal-
ity of fry hatched from egos spawned by fish exposed
to 9 and 18 micro-grams/! were significantly different
from the control. Mortality of adult fish exposed to con-
centrations of carbofuran > or - 49 mlcrograms/l,
hatching success of fry from eggs spawned by fish ex-
posed to 49 mlcrograms/l, ana mortality of fry hatched
from eggs spawned by fish exposed to 23 and 49 mi-
crograms/l were significantly different from the con-
trol.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Minnows, 'Fishes, 'Pesticides,
Carbamates, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Exposure, Mortality,
Concentration(Composltlon), Salt water, Marine
fishes, Bioassay, 'Carbofuran, Cyprinodon variegatus,
•Methoxychlor, 'Malathion, Phosphorodithioates,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Maximum permissi-
ble exposure level, Threshold limit values, Laboratory
experiments.
December 1983 225
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-272 102/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Phthalic Anhydride Plant Air Pollution Control.
Final rept. Apr-Dec 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
C. T. Chi, and T. W. Hughes. Sep 77,116p MRC-DA-
586, EPA/600/2-77/188
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
The report summarizes a technical and economic eval-
uation of add-on control systems and process modifi-
cations for reducing, by 99%, the emissions of phthalic
and maleic anhydrides from the main process vent gas
In phthalic anhydride manufacturing plants. A survey
was made to identify present (1976) control practices
and their control efficiencies in the phthalic anhydride
Industry. Based on theoretical and practical consider-
ations, existing control technology alternatives were
evaluated to determine whether they can be improved
to obtain the desired control efficiency. Technical eval-
uation of these alternatives led to identification of can-
didate alternatives which apply to the manufacturing
process, and which can achieve 99% overall removal
efficiency for phthalic and maleic anhydrides. Design
and operating parameters for achieving the desired
control efficiency were also determined. Cost esti-
mates and an energy utilization study were performed
for the candidate alternatives. Demonstration pro-
grams are recommended for the most promising alter-
natives.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Phthalic anhydride,
'Chemical industry, 'Maleic anhydrides, Substitutes,
Manufacturing, Revisions, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, In-
cinerators, Scrubbers, Carbon, Absorbers(Materials),
Process charting, Feasibility, Sources, Wet methods,
Stationary sources.
PB-272 103/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Effect* and Interactions of Polychlorlnated Bi-
phenyls (PCB) with Ettuarlne Microorganisms and
Shellfish. Final rept,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Biology.
Rita R. Colwell, and Gary S. Sayler. Jun 77, 57p EPA/
600/3-77/070,, ERL/GB-324
Grant EPA-R-803300-01-0
The role of estuarine bacteria in the mobilization,
transport, and removal of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB) was investigated in estuarine environments. A
main objective of this investigation was to determine a
secondary impact of PCB contamination of estuarine
systems. The specific secondary effect was the PCB-
stress-induced accumulation and depuration of enteric
bacteria by shellfish, i.e., the Chesapeake Bay oyster,
Crassostrea virginica. For this report, bacteria uninhib-
ited by PCB, but capable of growth in the presence of
PCB, are defined as PCB-resistant. In this regard,
PCB-resistant bacteria were found to be distributed
ubiquitously throughout estuarine and marine environ-
ments sampled in this study. The residence time of
PCB in estuarine and marine environments is conclud-
ed to be sufficiently long to induce stress upon estuar-
ine animals.
Keywords: 'Marine microorganisms, 'Bacteria, 'Shell-
fish, Enterobacteriaceae, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Aquatic animals, Inverte-
brates, Oysters, Stress(Physiology), Contamination,
Biodeterioration, Estuaries, Ecology, Interactions,
Crassostrea virginica, Ecosystems, *Biphenyl/chloro,
Heterotrophs, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Bioaccumulatlon.
PB-272 104/1 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Pretreatment and Substrate Evaluation for the En-
zymatic Hydrolysis of Cslluloslc Wastes,
Army Natlck Research and Development Command,
Mass.
Leo A. Spano, Thomas H. Tassinari, Charles F. Macy,
and Edward D. Black. Jul 77, S3p EPA/600/7-77/038
Presented are initial studies aimed at determining the
applicability of various pretreatment methods and ex-
isting cellulosic wastes to a process for the conversion
of cellulose to glucose and other reducing sugars. In
this process, a cellulase from a mutant of Trichoderma
virlde is used. Pretreatment using differential speed
two-roll mills has significantly enhanced the suscepti-
bility of diverse cellulosic substrates such as newspa-
per, cotton, pine and maple. With processing times of
less than ten minutes on a six-inch (roll diameter) mill,
hydrolysis yield improvements were two and twelve-
fold for newspaper and cotton respectively. Power re-
quirements for processing waste newspaper on a
three-inch laboratory mill are estimater1 •? be 20% less
than for a commercial ball mill. Anhydrous liquid am-
monia treatments of hardwood birch and maple saw-
dusts rendered them more susceptible to enzymatic
hydrolysis than substrates from a softwood source,
e.g., white pine and newspaper. A combination of pro-
treatments, two-roll milling followed by liquid ammonia,
affected significant increases in hydrolysis yield for
maplewooa shavings and hammer milled newspaper.
Keywords: 'Cellulose, 'Hydrolysis, 'Enzymes, 'Paper
industry, Industrial wastes, Ammonia,
Milling(Machining), Sludges, Substrates, Glucose,
'Solid waste disposal.
PB-272 105/8 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Feasibility of Treating Septic Tank Waste by Acti-
vated Sludge. Final rept. Feb 74-Sep 75,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
Stephen M. Bennett, James A. Heidman, and James F.
Kreissl. Aug 77,71p EPA/600/2-77/141
Contract EPA-68-03-0349
The objective of the study reported herein was to
evaluate the impact of household septic tank wastes
on municipal activated sludge treatment plants. Sep-
tage addition was evaluated on a continuous basis
over a four-month period in a 7500 I/day (1980 gpd)
pilot plant. The septage was combined with municipal
wastewater primary effluent in a series of increasing
loadings to the activated sludge unit. Results were
compared to a control unit receiving primary effluent
only. Shock load studies were also conducted in the
pilot plant system and with a series of batch aeration
tests. Septage addition was found to be feasible on
either a continuous or intermittent basis. The response
during the continuous feeding studies depended upon
the organic loading and the septage characteristics.
COD loadings below 3 g COD/g MLVSS/day could be
handled without severe upset. Unacclimated systems
also responded well when septage was added, and
substantial organic removals were obtained within a
relatively short time.
Keywords: 'Septic tanks, 'Sewaae treatment, 'Acti-
vated sludge process, Pumping, Performance evalua-
tion, Waste water, Feasibility, Aeration, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Organic loadings.
PB-272 107/4 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nationwide Evaluation of Combined Sewer Over-
flows and Urban Stormwater Discharges. Volume
III: Characterization of Discharges. Final rept.,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III. Re-
search Foundation.
Martin J. Manning, Richard H. Sullivan, and Timothy M.
Kipp. Aug 77,291 p EPA/600/2-77/064C
Contract EPA-68-03-0283
See also Volume 2, PB-266 005.
An analysis was made of existing data to characterize
the pollutional strength of urban Stormwater runoff and
combined sewer overflows. Published and unpub-
lished data were evaluated. Extensive evaluation was
made of census track data to develop data concerning
land use and population densities in urban areas to
assist modelling of urban Stormwater discharge. An
analysis of receiving water impacts was made. It was
found that much of the available data was developed
with consideration of the quantity of flow at the time
quality was being considered. A wide variety of meth-
ods used to sample flows further complicates the use
of much reported data. The estimated runoff pollu-
tional contributions were found to exceed any contri-
butions of treated sanitary flows at the time of a storm
event. Thus, runoff pollution can govern the quality of
receiving water due to the shock effect and long term
buildup of solids.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers, 'Water
pollution control, Mathematical models, Surface water
runoff, Sources, Sampling, Urban areas, Overflows,
Land use, Water quality, United States, Pesticides,
Cost analysis, Hydrology, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Transportation, Air pollution, Plants(Botany), Soil ero-
sion, Demography, Management planning, Urban hy-
drology, Solid wastes.
PB-272 109/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Dual Alkali Test and Evaluation Program. Volume
III. Prototype Test Program-Plant Scholz. Final
rept. May 73-Apr 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
C. R. LaMantia, R. R. Lunt, J. E. Oberholtzer, E. L.
Reid, and J. R. Valentine. May 77,163p EPA/600/7-
77/OSOc
Contract EPA-68-02-1071
See also Volume 1, PB-269 904.
Volume III of the report covers Task III of a three-task
program to investigate, characterize, and evaluate the
basic process chemistry and the various operating
modes of sodium-based dual alkali scrubbing process-
es. The tasks were: (I) laboratory studies at both Arthur
D. Little, Inc. (ADL) and IERL-RTP; (2) pilot plant oper-
ations in a 1200 scfm system at ADL; and (3) a proto-
type test program on a 20 MW dual alkali system at
Plant Scholz. Dual alkali system operating modes on
high and low sulfur fuel applications investigated in-
cluded: concentrated and dilute dual alkali systems,
lime and limestone regeneration, and slipstream sul-
fate treatment schemes. For each mode, the dual
alkali process was characterized in terms of S02 re-
moval, chemical consumption, oxidation, sulfate pre-
cipitation and control, waste solids characteristics, and
soluble solids losses.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Electric power plants, Calcium oxides, Lime-
stone, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sodium, Performance evaluation, Oxidation, Sul-
fates, Coal, Process charting, 'Dual alkali scrubbing,
'Scholz steam plant, Solid wastes, Sneads(Florida),
Close loope systems.
PB-272 110/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
At-Sea Incineration of Organochlorlne Wastes
Onboard the M/T Vulcanus. Final rept. Nov 75-Dec
76,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.
J. F. Clausen, H. J. Fisher, R. J. Johnson, E. L. Moon,
and C. C. Shih. Sep 77,96p EPA/600/2-77/196
Contract EPA-68-01-2966
The report describes the incineration of 4100 tonnes
of organochlorine wastes by the M/T Vulcanus in an
EPA-designated burn area in the Gulf of Mexico under
a special permit granted by EPA Region VI. The
wastes, containing 63% chlorine, originated from man-
ufacturing processes. The incineration process was
monitored by an industrial field sampling team. Waste
destruction efficiencies and total combustion efficien-
cies were determined by five methods, each with Inde-
pendent means of sampling, analysis, and calculation.
Incinerator efficiencies of at least 99.9% were ob-
served at waste feed rates of 22 tonnes/hour. The
process was carried out at a flame temperature aver-
aging 1535 C and at dwell times calculated to be 0.9
seconds. An automatic waste shutoff system, Incorpo-
rated into the incineration process, was preset to shut
down the waste flow if the flame temperature dropped
below 1200 C. The temperature of the process was
monitored directly by an optical pyrometer for flame
temperature, and Indirectly by thermocouples which
measured wall temperature and which were statistical-
ly correlated with the flame temperature.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Chemical
Industry, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sea water, Performance evaluation, Monitor-
Ing, Design criteria, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Extractions, Gas cnromatography, Chemical
composition, Efficiency, Tanker snips, Laboratory
equipment, Samples, 'Ocean waste disposal, Vul-
canus vessel, 'Air pollution detection, 'Liquid wastes.
PB-272 111/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
226 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Laboratory Study of Limestone Regeneration In
Dual Alkali System*. Final rept. Jun 76-Jun 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
J. E. Oberholtzer, L. N. Davidson, R. R. Lunt, and S. P.
Spellenberg. Jul 77,38p EPA-600/7-77/074
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
The report describes a series of open- and closed-loop
laboratory bench scale experiments which were car-
ried out to study parameters which affect the reaction
of limestone with dual alkali flue gas desulfurization
system process liquors. It gives details of several sets
of operating conditions which permitted good lime-
stone utilization to be achieved and product solids with
good dewatering properties to be produced. It dis-
cusses the effects of temperature and soluble magne-
sium on the behavior of the regeneration reaction as
well as the effects of total sulfur (IV) concentration,
Ionic strength, acidity of the solutions, and reactor
system configuration. It presents data which suggest
that regenerated liquors may have been unsaturated
with respect to magnesium sulflte as a result of its co-
precipitation with the calcium sulflte product solids.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, "Air pollution control
equipment, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Utilization,
Scrubbers, Experiments, Design criteria, Laboratory
equipment, Performance evaluation, Dewatering,
•Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB-272 125/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Collection Efficiency Measurement*
on an ESP Installed on a Coal-Fired Utility Boiler.
Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
John P. Gooch, G. H. Merchant, Jr., and Larry G. Felix.
Jan 77,162p SORI-EAS-76-471,3540-1, EPA/600/2-
77/011
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The report gives results of fractional and overall collec-
tion efficiency measurements of an electrostatic preci-
pltator collecting fly ash from a coal-fired boiler burning
high-sulfur coal. The mass median diameter of the par-
ticulate entering the collector was approximately 40
micrometers; that leaving the collector was between 3
and 4 micrometers. Measurements were conducted at
two levels of precipltator operating current density.
Measured efficiencies were compared with those pre-
dicted from a computer model of electrostatic precipi-
tation. Measured efficiencies are higher than predict-
Keywords: *Fly ash, 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Air
pollution control equipment, 'Boilers, 'Electric power
plants, Particles, Coal, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data), Sites,
Sampling, Efficiency, Mathematical models, Comput-
erized simulation, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), High sulfur coal, 'Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB-272 145/4 PC A02/MF A01
Substitution of Percent Load for Manifold Vacuum
•nd Analysis of Time In Mode In the Gasoline Teat
Procedure.
invironmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
W5,9pHDV-75-2
The present nine-mode FTP defines power points in
™nrs of manifold vacuum. However, with the advent
ol supercharged, turbocharged engines, and other ad-
vanced emission control systems, manifold vacuum
pan no longer be used as the sole parameter In defin-
jng an engine's power points. It would be desirable to
redefine the nine-mode FTP power points in terms of
percent torque or power. This redefinition Is expected
to alleviate problems encountered from engine to
engine variation In manifold vacuum versus horsepow-
er (torque) relationships. The new nine-mode test pro-
cedure would then be similar to the method used by
U» 13-mode diesel procedure. As a basis for the con-
version to percent of load from the manifold vacuum
Ie*t points currently in use, data from nineteen engines
used In past contractual work were used. Linear re-
flresslons were performed on each set of data for each
engine.
Keywords: 'Gasoline engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
Manifolds, Motor vehicle engines, Exhaust gases,
measurement, Linear regression, Regression
analysis, Air pollution control, 'Manifold vacuum,
'Horsepower.
PB-272 146/2 PC A02/MF A01
General Design Specifications for Heavy Duty Ve-
hicle Analytical Instruments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
1975,16pHDV-75-5
Information presented includes ranges and specifica-
tions for all emission analyzers, including NDIR analyz-
ers, flame iqnization detectors, chemiluminescence
method, humidity calculations, and methods of meas-
uring airflow to diesel and gasoline engines.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Gas detectors, 'Gas
analysis, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Motor vehi-
cles, Concentration(Compositlon), Humidity, Chemilu-
minescence, Air flow, Monitoring, Infrared spectros-
copy, Range(Exlremes), Equipment specifications,
'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Air pollution detection, Nondis-
perslve infrared spectroscopy, Flame ionization detec-
tors.
PB-272 147/0 PC A03/MF A01
The Effect of Dynamometer Inertia Weight Simu-
lation on Fuel Economy Measurements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas R. Norman, and Thomas Rarlck. Feb 76,28p
LDTP-76-2
The inertia weight and road load power absorption
simulation are dependent on the weight of the vehicle,
and table values based on the test weight are used.
Data presented in this report indicate the effects on
fuel economy of varying both Inertia weight and road
load power absorption simultaneously according to the
requirements of the Federal Register. This report pri-
marily deals with Improvements in inertia weight simu-
lation and its effect on the accuracy of fuel economy
measurements. It is assumed that any improvement in
the accuracy of measuring fuel economy levels will
also improve the accuracy of exhaust emission meas-
urements. The secondary objective Is to examine alter-
native dynamometer configurations which can be used
to achieve improved inertia weight simulation as well
as to provide the expanded range of weights necessi-
tated by the proposed regulations on light duty trucks.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Dyn-
amometers, Weight(Mass), Variability, Measurement,
Carburetors, Calibrating, Exhaust emissions, EPA
motor vehicle ratings, 'Horsepower, Test variables.
PB-272 148/8 PC A02/MF A01
Performance and Cost Analysis of Chassis Dyna-
mometers. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman. Feb 76,25p LDTP-76-01
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The purpose of this report is to Identify the types,
makes and models of light-duty chassis dynamo-
meters which are presently available for purchase.
Particular attention is given to those types which can
be used for measuring exhaust emissions by the cur-
rent Federal Testing Procedure; i.e. units with adjust-
able inertia simulation capability and adjustable
steady-speed power absorption capability, the re-
quired inertia range is from 1,750 to 5,500 Ibs. and the
corresponding 50 mph power range Is from 7.7 to 15.8
horsepower. The dynamometers applicable for emis-
sions testing are then compared on the basis of per-
formance and cost.
Keywords: 'Test equipment, 'Dynamometers, 'Motor
vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, Design, Classifications,
Measuring Instruments, Simulation, Adjusting, Inertia,
Power, Performance evaluation, Comparison, Cost
analysis.
PB-272 161/1 MF A01
Pollution des Eaux Cotleres; Pollution de la Mer
par Rejets d'Hydrocarbures, Bruxelles 2-6 No-
vembre 1970.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Nov70,427pCCMS-1
Text In French and English. NATO furnished.
Microfiche copies only.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution.
PB-272 169/4 PC A03/MF A01
Prediction of Dynamometer Power Absorption to
Simulate Light Duty Vehicle Road Load. Technical
support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Apr 77,49p LDTP-77-1
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
This report uses the dynamometer power absorption
information from the EPA technical support report
'Light Duty Vehicle Road Load Determination' (De-
cember 1976) to develop equations for predicting the
small twin roll dynamometer power absorption neces-
sary to simulate the road load of vehicles. The equa-
tions are developed by proposing model equations to
predict the dynamometer power absorption, first based
on vehicle weight, and then based on the vehicle refer-
ence frontal area. The reference vehicle frontal area
based prediction system is then improved by separat-
ing vehicles Into different classes and by Including esti-
mations of the effects of the total frontal area of the
vehicle protuberances. It is concluded that the errors
associated with this prediction system are twenty per-
cent less than the errors associated with a prediction
system based on the vehicle weight only.
Keywords: 'Dynamometers, 'Test equipment,
•Power, Requirements, Absorption, Mathematical pre-
diction, Performance standards, Equations, Simula-
tion, Motor vehicles, Road load characteristics.
PB-272 231/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Cascade Reservoir, Valley County, Idaho. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,52p Working Paper-777
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cascade Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Valley County(ldaho).
PB-272 232/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Hayden Lake, Kootenal County, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,46p Working Paper-781
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, • Hayden Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Kootenal County(ldaho).
PB-272 233/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
December 1983 227
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grand Lake and Shadow Mountain Lake, Grand
County, Colorado. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77, 52p Working Paper-770
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: *Water pollution, "Grand Lake, "Shadow
Mountain Lake, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bio-
assay, Watersheds, Water quality management, Colo-
rado, Eutrophication, "Water quality data, Grand
County(Colorado).
PB-272 234/6 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Herrlngton Lake, Boyle, Garrard, and Mercer
Counties, Kentucky. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77,55p Working Paper-353
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Kentucky Dept. for
Natural Resources and Environmental Protection,
Frankfort, and Kentucky National Guard, Frankfort.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Herrington Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kentucky, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Boyle County(Kentucky), Garrard
County(Kentucky), Mercer County(Kentucky).
PB-272 235/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Green Mountain Reservoir, Summit County, Colo-
rado. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,43p Working Paper-771
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the ,'ake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Green Mountain Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Colorado, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Summit
County(Colorado).
PB-272 236/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Palisades Reservoir, Bonnevllle County, Idaho
and Lincoln County, Wyoming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 55p Working Paper-786
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.o.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Palisades Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Wyo-
ming, Eutrophication, "Water quality data, Bonneville
County(ldaho), Lincoln County(Wvoming).
PB-272 237/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
American Falls Reservoir, Bannock, Blngham, and
Power Counties, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 56p Working Paper-776
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "American Falls Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, "Water quality data, Bannock County(ldaho),
Bingham County(ldaho), Power County(ldaho).
PB-272 240/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Viable Alternative Types of Inspection/Mainte-
nance Programs for St. Louis. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Benjamin F. Kincannon, Alan H. Castaline, Karen U.
Hill, and David A. Lynn. Jun 77,175p GCA-TR-77-03-
G, EPA/907/9-77/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
Errata sheet inserted.
This report presents an analysis of alternative inspec-
tion/maintenance programs for the St. Louis Air Qual-
ity Control Region (AQCR). For purposes of this study,
it was assumed that inspection/maintenance would be
implemented in St. Louis City and County. The costs
associated with the alternatives analyzed were esti-
mated using information from equipment manufactur-
ers, the cognizant state agencies, and data from exist-
ing or planned inspection/maintenance programs in
other areas of the United States. The effectiveness in
terms of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions
reductions were calculated for 1977, 1980, 1985, and
1990 for the entire AQCR. An implemention schedule
was developed and the key issues associated with im-
plementation are discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Inspection,
"Metropolitan areas, "Exhaust emissions, Mainte-
nance, Projects, Urban planning, Cost analysis, Math-
ematical prediction, Forecasting, Carbon monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, Motor vehicles, Missouri, Alternatives,
Air quality control regions, "Saint Louis(Missouri),
'Motor vehicle inspection.
PB-272 241/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
A Case Study of the Los Angeles County Palos
Verdes Landfill Gas Development Project. Report
forOct74-Jul76,
CDM, Inc., Pasadena, Calif.
Frank R. Bowerman, Naresh K. Rohatgi, Kenneth Y.
Chen, and R. A. Lockwood. Jul 77,114p EPA/600/3-
77/047
Contract EPA-68-03-2143
This report documents the first-ever-attempt to cap-
ture sanitary landfill gases and beneficiate them to nat-
ural gas pipeline quality~or very nearly so. For this
reason the authors must credit the entrepreneurs for a
successful first full-scale demonstration of a technol-
ogy that produces very nearly pure methane and wish
to compliment the Los Angeles County Sanitation Dis-
tricts for the willingness, cooperation, and technical
assistance that made the demonstration possible.
That this demonstration failed to show an economic
viability during the twelve-month study period only sug-
gests that further consideration should be given to im-
proving the dependability of the molecular sieve proc-
ess for landfill gas beneficiation, to the study of alter-
native beneficiation processes, and/or alternative
uses for less modified landfill gases. Perhaps more se-
rious consideration should be given to the use of land-
fill gas with little or no modification, except perhaps
moisture removal. Reciprocating piston engines, rotary
turbines, steam generators, air heaters, and a host of
other devices can be fueled successfully with mixtures
of methane, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of
other gases, provided the heat content is not below
certain critical levels.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Sanitary landfills,
"Methane, "Reclamation, Gases, Refuse disposal,
Absorbers(Materials), Anaerobic processes, Gas flow,
Purification, Extraction, Economic analysis, Safety,
California, Refuse derived fuels, Palos
Verdes(California), Los Angeles(California).
PB-272 242/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Offshore Oil and Gas Extraction - An Environmen-
tal Review. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
N. A. Frazler, D. L. Maase, and R. Clark. Jul 77, 71 p
EPA/600/7-77/080
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
Reported are the results of an environmental review of
emission sources and emissions associated with U.S.
offshore oil and gas exploration, drilling, and produc-
tion. In the information reviewed, greatest environmen-
tal concern was with accidental spills of oil that can
occur during drilling and production.
Keywords: "Offshore operations, "Environmental im-
pacts, Petroleum, Crude oil, Exploration, Offshore drill-
ing, Production, Offshore drilling, Production, Offshore
structures, Water pollution, Oil pollution, Air pollution.
PB-272 243/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: A Progress Report of a
Technology Assessment of Western Energy Re-
source Development Volume IV. Appendices.
Final rept. Jul 75-Mar 77,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
F. Scott LaGrone, and C. Patrick Bartosh. Jul 77,
219p" EPA/600/7-77/072d
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin,
Tex. See also Volume 3 dated Jun 77, PB-271 754.
This is a progress report of a three year technology as-
sessment of the development of six energy resources
in eight western states, volume 4 presents two appen-
dices, on air quality modeling and energy transporta-
tion costs.
Keywords: "Energy source development, "Energy
transport, Rail transportation, Pipeline transportation,
Slurry pipelines, Electric power transmission, Coal, En-
vironmental impacts, Cost analysis, Cost estimates.
Computerized simulation, "Western Region(United
States), "Air quality, Western coal.
PB-272 244/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Onslte Control of Sedimentation Utilizing the
Modified Block-Cut Method of Surface Mining.
Feasibility study Dec 74-Apr 76,
Watklns and Associates, Inc., Lexington, Ky.
C. T. Haan. Jul 77,103p EPA/600/7-77/068
Grant EPA-S-802681
Prepared In cooperation with Kentucky Univ., Lexing-
ton, and Kentucky Dept. for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection, Frankfort.
The objective of this study was to determine the feasi-
bility of a demonstration project tor onsite control of
sedimentation using the modified block-cut method of
surface mining. A project site on Lower Lick Fork In
Perry and Letcher Counties In Kentucky was selected.
Based on certain assumptions, a comparison of costs
involved in the modified block-cut method of mining
and in a method using the minimum acceptable re-
228 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
quirements as set forth in the present regulations was
prepared.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, *Mining engineering,
'Coal mining, Sedimentation, Water pollution, Water
quality, Surface water runofl, Surface drainage, Cost
analysis, Cost estimates, Project planning, Feasibility,
Kentucky, *Block cut mining.
PB-272 245/2 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Microorganisms In Urban Stormwater. Final rept.,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. School of Hy-
giene and Public Health.
Vincent P. Olivieri, Cornelius W. Kruse, and Kazuyoshi
Kawata. Jul 77,197p EPA/600/2-77/087
Grant EPA-R-802709
Microbiological quantitative assays of Baltimore City
urban runoff were conducted throughout a 12 month
period to show the relationships to several factors
such as separate or combined sewer flow, urban char-
acteristics of drainage area, rainfall, and quantity of
flow during and between rain storms. In general, there
was a consistently high recovery of both pathogenic
and indicator organisms throughout the study except
for Shigella sp. which is believed to have been present
but could not be isolated due to interferences during
the culture procedure. There appeared to be little rela-
tionship between pathogen recovery and season of
the year, amount of rainfall, period of the antecedent
rainfall, and stream flow. The most concentrated path-
ogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylo-
coccus aureus. Salmonella and enteroviruses, though
frequently isolated, were found. The background sam-
ples (sewage, urban streams and reservoirs) between
storms gave good positive correlation between indica-
tors ana pathogens at a 95 to 99% level of confidence,
whereas, the stormwater had no or poor correlation.
The logical solution would point to the removal of sani-
tary sewage overflows rather than the disinfection of
all urban runoff for removing the health hazard and im-
proving the quality of urban runoff.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Bioassay, 'Storm
sewers, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution, Rainfall,
Stream flow, Combined sewers, Runoff, Staphylococ-
cus, Pseudomonas aeruqinosa, Overflows, Correlation
techniques, Pathology, Indicator species, Sampling,
Enteroviruses, Urban hydrology, 'Storm water runoff,
Baltimore(Maryland).
•»
PB-272 251/0 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Membrane Processing of Cottage Cheese Whey.
Final rept.,
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,
geneva. Dept. of Food Science.
Robert R. Zall. Jun 77,117p EPA/600/2-77/118
See also PB-209 936.
A full-scale whey processing plant using membranes
was constructed to process 300,000 pounds per day
pt cottage cheese whey. The two-step system uses ul-
"•afiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) according
10 a design previously demonstrated In the Phase I
Portion of this project and reported In Water Pollution
Control Series 12060 DXF 07/71. This report was sub-
mitted in fulfillment of Grant number 12060 DXF by
Uowley Foods, Inc. under the sponsorship of the U.S.
environmental Protection Agency. The report covers
'he period from June 21,1972 to December 1974, and
work was complete as of April 10, 1975. (Portions of
inis document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Membranes, 'Food industry, 'Water pollu-
«on control, Filtration, Process charting, Industrial
wastes, Economic analysis, Performance evaluation,
sampling, 'Reverse osmosis membranes, 'Cottage
cheese whey, 'Ultrafiltration.
pB-272 254/4 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
wwallis, Oreg. Industrial Pollution Control Dlv.
Minimization of Water Use In Leafy Vegetable
washers. Final rept. 1 May 74-31 Jan 77,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburfl.
Malcolm E. Wright, and Robert C. Hoehn. Jul 77,107p
EPA/600/2-77/135
want EPA-S-802958
This project was undertaken to construct and test an
improved leafy greens washing system employing
water recirculation, to characterize the quality of the
wash water and waste stream and to make compari-
sons to conventional washers. The prototype system
produced a cleaner product while reducing, water re-
quirements and consolidating waste loads. The proto-
type system consisted of two drum immersion washers
in series, each with associated moving belt screens,
settling tanks and water recirculation systems. Con-
struction was similar to conventional washers but with
modifications to improve removal of floating trash and
increase hydraulic agitation of product. The prototype
was tested in a commercial processing plant during
the fall and spring harvesting seasons, 1975-76. Sixty-
seven metric tons of collards, spinach, and turnip
greens were processed through the prototype in 52
hours of actual operating time.
Keywords: 'Canneries, 'Vegetables, 'Food process-
ing, 'Water conservation, 'WashersfCleaners), Water
quality, Requirements, Sedimentation tanks, Circula-
tion, Hydraulic equipment, Prototypes, Belt conveyors,
Spinach, Washing, Leaves(Botany), Waste water
reuse, Correlation techniques, Savings, 'Water utiliza-
tion.
PB-272 256/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Mauser Lake, Kootenal County, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 29p Working Paper-780
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hauser Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Kootenai County(ldaho).
PB-272 257/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Dworshak Reservoir, Clearwater County, Idaho.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,58p Working Paper-779
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Dworshak Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Clearwater County(ldano).
PB-272 258/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
natl, Ohio.
Determination of Trace Metals In Effluents by Dif-
ferential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltametry. Envi-
ronmental monitoring series,
Benedict Coll., Columbia, S.C.
James T. Klnard. Jul 77,50p EPA/600/4-77/034
Grant EPA-R-803490
Differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry (DPASV)
was evaluated to determine its applicability to Industri-
al and domestic effluents. The results show that trace
amounts of zinc, cadmium, lead, bismuth, copper, thal-
lium, indium, antimony, tin and nickel can be deter-
mined individually and simultaneously. A procedure for
providing low blank buffer and electrolyte systems was
tested. The efficiency for the entire process, including
digestion, sample transfer and analysis, was found to
range from 93 to 100%. Pulse anodic stripping volta-
metry was found to be superior to atomic absorption in
terms of sensitivity, detection limits and cost.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Metals, 'Water analysis.
Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Water pollution,
Sewage, Electroplating, Performance evaluation, Ac-
curacy, Samples, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Volumetric analysis,
Atomic spectroscopy, Atomic energy levels, Absorp-
tion spectra, Electrochemistry, 'VoTtametric analysis,
'Water pollution detection, Flame spectroscopy.
PB-272 264/3 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Manganese and Their Modification by
Hexametaphosphate. Final rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. Water
Quality Dlv.
Richard J. Bull. May 77,29p EPA/600/1-77/024
The ability of oral Mn(+2) to produce the depletions of
dopamine in the corpus striata characteristic of the
Parkinson-like syndrome in manganese workers was
examined in rats. A second objective of this work was
to study the biological interactions between Mn(+2)
and sodium hexametaphosphate ((NaPO3)6) adminis-
tered simultaneously in drinking water. The authors
conclude that Mn( + 2) in drinking water presents little
hazard in terms of central nervous system involvement
in a homogeneous population. The involvement of ge-
netic factors which have been suggested to account
for the sporadic occurrence of Parkinson-like symp-
toms in Mn(+2) workers can not be excluded. The use
of (NaP03)6 for Mn(+2) complexatlon as an alterna-
tive to removal in drinking water treatment appears
safe from a health standpoint If carefully controlled to
avoid excessive amounts of (NaPO3)6.
Keywords: 'Manganese, 'Toxicity, 'Dopamine,
Ingestlon(Biology), Dosage, Rate, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Potable water, Water supply, Rec-
ommendations, Toxicology, Water treatment, Physio-
logical effects, Exposure, Nervous system disorders,
Tables(Data), Standards, Inorganic phosphates, Envi-
ronmental health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Maximum permissible exposure level, Threshold limit
values, Occupational safety and health, Toxic toler-
ances, 'Metaphosphorlcacid.
PB-272 266/8 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Physical and Engineering Properties of Hazard-
ous Industrial Waates and Sludges. Report for Jan
75-Aug76,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, Miss. Environmental Effects Lab.
M. J. Bartos, Jr.,, and M. R. Palermo. Aug 77,90p
EPA/600/2-77/139
This report presents the results of a laboratory testing
program to investigate the properties of raw and
chemically fixed hazardous industrial wastes and flue
gas desuffurlzation (FGD) sludges. Specimens of raw
and fixed sludges were subjected to a variety of tests
commonly used in soils engineering. The grain-size
distributions, Atterberg limits, specific gravities,
volume-welght-moisture relationships and permeabili-
ties of raw and fixed sludges were determined. Select-
ed fixed sludges were subjected to appropriate engi-
neering properties (compaction and unconfined com-
pression) tests and durability (wet-dry and freeze-
thaw) tests. Test results show that fixing can cause
significant changes in the properties of sludge, that
fixed sludges are similar to soil, soil-cement, or low-
strength concrete, and that properties are process-de-
pendent. On the basis of test specimen behavior, fixed
sludges can be expected to exhibit substantial engi-
neering strength and suitability for landfill and embank-
ment construction, although the durability tests show
that weathering can be a problem unless the fixed
sludges are protected by an earth cover.
Keywords: 'Physical properties, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Sludges. 'Solid waste disposal, Earth fills, Water
pollution control, Air pollution control, Industrial
wastes, Ponds, Leaching, Durability, Grain size, Spe-
cific gravity, Atterberg limits, Soils, Compression tests.
December 1983 229
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-272 267/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Assessment In Industrial Hazardous Waste Man-
agement Petroleum Re-Refining Industry. Final
rept. Jan-Nov 76,
Swain (John W.), Wellesley, Mass.
John W. Swain. Jun 77,162p* EPA/SW-144C
This study describes hazardous waste generation and
management in the petroleum re-rerining industry
(SOC 2,992) - the re-refining of waste oils for use as lu-
bricants and as fuel. The industry's wastes contain
such potentially hazardous contaminants as heavy
metals, phenols and potentially carcinogenic aromatic
hydrocarbons. The report surveys industry characteris-
tics, quantity and character of its potentially hazardous
wastes, treatment and disposal technology, and
attendant costs. Projections for the production of re-
refined oil and generation of wastes nave been made
for 1977 and 1983.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Oils, 'Petroleum refining, 'Reclamation,
Materials recovery, Hazardous wastes, Lubricating
oils, Hydrocarbons, Aviation fuels, Automotive fuels,
Sludge disposal, Water pollution, Air pollution, Cost
analysis, Forecasting, Carcinogens, Heavy metals,
Phenols, 'Oil wastes, Liquid waste disposal, Waste re-
cycling.
PB-272 268/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Atmospheric Emissions from Offshore Oil and
Gat Development and Production,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Charles Braxton, Richard H. Stephens, and Maynard
M. Stephens. Jun 77,154p EPA/450/3-77/026
Contract EPA-68-02-2512
This study is the first phase of a program to develop re-
liable emissions estimates for offshore oil and gas de-
velopment and production. The objectives of this
screening phase are to characterize the equipment
used offshore, to evaluate the sources of emissions, to
make preliminary estimates of emissions rates, and to
identify current control technologies and control tech-
nologies which require further study. The two major
sources accounting for over seventy percent of total
non-methane hydrocarbon emissions are oil storage or
storage tanks on board the platforms and vents which
discharge intermittently during gas processing. Power
generation during production operations is the largest
source of essentially continuous emissions of oxides
of nitrogen, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and partic-
ulates, but accounts for only about ten percent of total
non-methane hydrocarbon emissions. The most likely
means of achieving emissions reductions are the use
of vapor recovery systems, development of combined
cycle power systems suitable for offshore use, and
maximum utilization of waste heat.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Petroleum products, 'Off-
shore drilling, 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, Air pollution
control, Sources, Fuel storage, Electric power genera-
tion, Production engineering, Refineries, Nitrogen
oxides, Storage tanks, Vapors, Design criteria, Trans-
portation, Regulations, Forecasting, Technology, Proc-
ess charting, Design criteria, Sulfur oxides, Carbon
monoxide. Particles, Hydrocarbons, Equipment, 'Fugi-
tive emissions, Air quality.
PB-272 271/8 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Oxygen-Activated Sludge Plant Completes Two
Years of Successful Operation. Final rept. Oct 71-
Sep73,
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa.
C. S. McDowell, and J. Giannelli. Jul 77,199p EPA/
600/2-77/040
Contract EPA-68-03-0405
A detailed report of the conversion to and operational
performance of an oxygen-activated sludge system at
the Westgate wastewater treatment plant in Fairfax
County, Virginia, is given in this report. It is presented
In the form of a case history including the time span
leading up to and following the decision by the County
to convert to oxygen-activated sludge. Available
design and performance data for the original aeration-
sedlrnqntation system is presented as well as data for
the chemical and chemical/carbon systems which
were employed to upgrade plant performance prior to
the decision to use oxygen-activated sludge. The need
for a high efficiency wastewater treatment system and
the decision to employ oxygen-activated sludge at
Westgate are discussed and followed up with details
on the design, construction, startup, operation, per-
formance, and costs of the oxygen-activated sludge
system. An important aspect of this report is a compre-
hensive presentation of startup and performance data
generated over two years of operation (October 1971
through September 1973) of the Westgate oxygen
system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Oxygenation, Aeration tanks, Sedimentation
tanks, Biochemical oxygen demand, Liquid oxygen,
Design, Cost effectiveness, Performance evaluation,
Virginia, Fairfax County(Virginia).
PB-272 272/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Commercial Production of Protein by the Fermen-
tation of Acid and/or Sweet Whey. Final rept.,
Amber Labs., Juneau, Wis.
Sheldon Bernstein, and Chu H. Tzeng. Jul 77,45p
EPA/600/2-77/133
Grant EPA-S-800747
Saccharomyces fragilis may be grown on acid or sweet
cheese whey in a deep-tank, aerated fermentor in a
continuous manner on a commercial scale. Operations
in a 15,000-gallon fermentor at low pH and high cell
counts experience no contamination during extended
periods of time under sanitary but not sterile condi-
tions. Media additions to the raw or diluted condensed
whey include anyhdrous ammonia, phosphoric acid,
and yeast extract. The production of a condensed or
dried whole fermented whey mass (yeast fermentation
solubles), which is an acceptable high protein feed in-
gredient, eliminates additional processing of waste
streams from yeast separators, increases fermenta-
tion yields, and uses the unfermented whey proteins
originally present. Evaporation of the whole fermented
whey mass produces condensate water that can be
used to dilute incoming condensed whey and thereby
operate a unique closed loop system with no effluents.
Keywords: 'Proteins, 'Fermentation, 'Food industry,
Acidity, Process charting, Lactose, Feeding stuffs,
Cost analysis, Equipment, Microorganisms, Material
balance, Feedback control, Animal nutrition, 'Whey,
'Solid waste disposal, Closed loop system, 'Sacchar-
omyces fragilis.
PB-272 273/4 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Evaluation of Fluldlc Combined Sewer Regulators
under Municipal Service Conditions. Final rept.,
Philadelphia Water Dept., Pa.
Peter A. Freeman. Aug 77,107p EPA/600/2-77/071
Grant EPA-11022-FWR
Prepared by Freeman (Peter A.J Associates, Inc.,
Berlin, Md. See also report dated Oct 69, PB-168 914.
This report describes the evaluation of two fluidic com-
bined sewer regulators operated by the city of Phila-
delphia Water Department under typical municipal
service conditions. The smaller unit provided much
better hydraulic regulation performance than the con-
ventional static regulator it replaced, approaching that
of a complex, dynamic regulator. The larger unit dem-
onstrated a similar performance potential which was
not practicably achieved because of unforeseen,
heavy infiltration in the connecting sewer. Considering
both hydraulic performance and costs, the fluidic regu-
lator was considered to offer greater cost effective-
ness than either conventional static or dynamic com-
bined sewer regulators.
Keywords: 'Fluid flow, 'Regulators, 'Combined
sewers, 'Municipalities, Performance evaluation, Flui-
dic control devices, Fluid infiltration, Cost effective-
ness. Hydraulic gates, Maintenance, Overflows, Effi-
ciency, Pennsylvania, 'Fluidic regulators,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB-272 274/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Development of a System for Conducting Inter-
Laboratory Tests for Water Quality and Effluent
Measurements. Research rept. 16 Jul 74-15 Apr 76,
FMC Corp., San Jose, Calif. Advanced Products Div.
Arthur C. Green, and Robert Naegele. Jun 77,144p
EPA/600/4-77/031
Contract EPA-68-03-2115
FMC Corporation has Developed a system for evaluat-
ing water pollution data and the laboratories which pro-
duce these data. The system consists of a plan for the
design and implementation of an interlaboratory test
program. A pilot test program was included to evaluate
and to verify the complete program. Investigation of
ongoing interlaboratory testing programs were con-
ducted and their deficiencies identified in their design
and in the procedures by which they were conducted.
The conclusions and recommendations presented in
the report are supported by an extensive literature
review of previous interlaboratory tests and their meth-
ods for experimental design and test data analyses.
Additionally, 18 EPA, State, and private laboratories
were visited to review their comments regarding diffi-
culties and deficiencies in interlaboratory test pro-
grams in general.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Water analysis, Quality as-
surance, Quality control, Concentration(Composition),
Industrial waste treatment, Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Data analysis, Abstracts, Bibliographies,
Statistical analysis, Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Error analysis, Samples, Trace elements, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-272 283/3 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Energy Systems Environmental Control Div.
A Preliminary Assessment of the Environmental
Impacts from Oil Shale Developments. Report for
Jul 75-Jul 76,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
K. W. Crawford, C. H. Prien, L B. Baboolal, C. C. Shih,
and A. A. Lee. Jul 77, I89p* EPA/600/7-77/069
Contract EPA-68-02-1881
Prepared in cooperation with Denver Research Inst.,
Colo.
The report is a summary of major oil shale extraction
and retorting development activities. The potential im-
pacts on the physical environment which could result
from commercial oil shale development are discussed
relative to sources, properties, and quantities of
wastes. The report describes existing air, water, and
land resources in northwestern Colorado and north-
eastern Utah. The identification of potential impacts of
oil shale development on these resources, pollution
control technologies and management plans are re-
viewed. Potential hazards associated with refining and
end use of shale oil products are evaluated. The major
environmental monitoring and impact studies are iden-
tified, and the scope of oil shale development projects
is assessed.
Keywords: 'Oil shale industry, 'Energy source devel-
opment, 'Environmental impacts, Oil shale mining, Oil
shale processing plants, Shale oil, Refining, Retorting,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Waste disposal, Carcino-
gens, Technology assessment, Colorado, Utah.
PB-272 287/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Agriculture and Non-Point Source Management Div.
Identification and Specification of Inputs for
Benefit-Cost Modeling of Pesticide Use. Final rept,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Donald J. Epp, F. Roger Tellefsen, Gary A. Shute,
Robert M. Bear, and Kenneth P. Wilkinson. Aug 77,
157p* EPA/600/5-77/012
Grant EPA-R-863247-01 -1
Benefit-Cost (B/C) analysis requires inputs which are
inclusive, valid, quantifiable and reliable. Proper atten-
tion to the procedures outlined in the six sections of
this report will give a broad, although not necessarily
complete, review of the effects of a pesticide-use deci-
sion. The six major sections are: (1) A taxonomy of
pesticide use effects. (2) Economic production - Im-
provement in production is the major benefit of pesti-
cide use. Although alternative cost assumptions are
commonly used in B/C modeling, the opportunity cost
approach is argued to be a superior procedure. (3)
Human health - Statistical methods are Identified to
230 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
measure the health costs of pesticide use. Chronic
health effects are the most difficult to analyze but
methods are shown for measuring both dollar and util-
ity values. (4) Environmental impact - Impacted orga-
nism/effects matrices are developed to insure com-
prehensive consideration of environmental impacts
even though the state-of-the-art does not permit direct
incorporation of these effects into the B/C ratio. (5)
Aesthetic impacts - Organism/effects matrices are
developed for aesthetic impact assessment. (6) Distri-
bution effects -- Social class, income class and inter-
national trade effects are presented as important con-
siderations exogeneous to the B/C ratio.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Economic surveys, 'Benefit
cost analysis, 'Environmental impacts, Utilization,
Taxonomy, Economic analysis, Public health, Aesthet-
ics, Social effect, International trade, Hazards.
PB-272 288/2 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Technical Guidance for Control of Industrial Proc-
•M Fugutlye Partlculate Emission*. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
George A. Jutze, John M. Zoller, Thomas A. Janszen,
Robert S. Amick, and Charles E. Zimmer. Mar 77,
522p* EPA/450/3-77/010
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
This document provides guidance for evaluating 'In-
dustrial Process Fugitive Paniculate Emission' (IPFPE)
sources in light of upcoming revisions to State Imple-
mentation Plans. For 24 selected industrial categories,
IPFPE data are presented on identification of sources;
emission estimates; example plant inventory; emission
characteristics; control technology options; and a list
of pertinent references. The references compiled for
each industry is the result of an extensive literature
search. Control technologies, including selection of
control techniques, IPFPE capture and control options,
and removal equipment are presented. Techniques
are developed to estimate impact of IPFPE sources on
air quality. Evaluation of short-term localized Impact
using dispersion modeling and field measurements
(upwind/downwind sampling) is discussed. In addition,
state-of-the-art measurement techniques for IPFPE's
are identified. Integration of IPFPE impacts into the
State Implementation Planning process is also cov-
ered. Procedures for development of control strategies
for IPFPE sources are presented along with factors
which influence the IPFPE planning process. The doc-
ument summarizes existing regulations applicable to
IPFPE sources, model regulation for IPFPE sources,
and an evaluation of enforcement procedures.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Industrial wastes, 'Air pollution
control, 'Guidelines, Planning, Dust, Sources, Tech-
nology, iron and steel Industry, Storage, Waste dispos-
al, Cargo transport, Smelting, Foundries, Environmen-
tal surveys, Process charting, Law enforcement,
Goncentration(Composition), 'Fugitive emissions, Air
quality, State planning.
PB-272 291/6 PC A03/MF A01
UQht Duty Vehicle Road Load Determination,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
standards Development and Support Branch.
glenn D. Thompson. Dec 76, 58p LDTP-76-3
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
When vehicle exhaust emission tests or vehicle fuel
consumption measurements are performed on a chas-
wj dynamometer, the dynamometer Is usually adjust-
ed to simulate road experience of the vehicle. The pur-
pose of this study is to develop equations to predict
me dynamometer adjustment forces appropriate to
simulate the on-road experiences of light duty vehi-
cles. To accomplish this, equations of road load versus
»P«ed were obtained from a diverse class of light duty
yshlclea. These data were then converted to dynamo-
meter adjustment forces appropriate to simulate the
on-road experience of a vehicle, Conclusion: further
•"ort should be made to develop road load prediction
"ystems based on vehicle frontal area and, If neces-
•f/y, estimates of the vehicle aerodynamic drag coeffi-
viertt.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, *Dyn-
T"orneters, Weight(Mass), Measurement, Automobile
™es, Pressure, LoadslForces), Regression analysis,
"naust emmisslons, 'Road loads, Light duty vehicles,
"Oiling resistance.
PB-272 301/3 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Wastewater Oemlnerallzatlon by Continuous
Counter-Current Ion Exchange Process. Final
rept.,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whittier, Calif.
Ching-lin Chen, and Robert P. Miele. Sep 77,50p
EPA/600/2-77/152
Contract DI-14-12-150
A wastewater demineralization study employing a 38
Ipm (10 gpm) continuous counter-current Ion ex-
change pilot plant, manufactured by the Chemical
Separations Corporation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, has
been conducted at the County Sanitation Districts,
Pomona Research Facility, Pomona, California. Under
steady state conditions IDS removal of 82% was
achieved with a feed TOS of 500-600 mg/l. Monova-
lent cation leakage resulting from inadayne rinse re-
duced TDS removal below that obtained with a 2-stage
fixed bed process tested at the same site. The continu-
ous counter-current ion exchange pilot plant has dem-
onstrated a promising regeneration efficiency for both
cation and anion exchangers. The brine volume pro-
duced by the process was approximately 8 percent of
the product flow, thus yielding a 92 percent water re-
covery. The annual resin operation losses were about
5 percent for the cation exchanger and 15 percent for
the anion exchanger. These high resin losses, howev-
er, account for less than 5 percent of the total process
cost. A cost estimate for a 37,850 cu m/day (10 MOD)
continuous counter-current ion exchange plant based
on Pomona pilot plant operating results has been
made. The estimated total process cost of 4.8 cents/
1000 gallons was based on the use of carbon treated
secondary effluent with an average TDS concentration
of 600 mg/l to produce a product water with 82 per-
cent reduction in TDS.
Keywords: 'Demineralization, 'Ion exchanging,
'Water pollution control, Pilot plants, Industrial waste
treatment, Sewage treatment, Performance evalua-
tion, Process charting, Design criteria, Brines, Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Materials
recovery.
PB-272 303/9 PC A04/MF A01
Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockvllle, Md.
Guides for Naturally Occurring and Accelerator-
Produced Radioactive Material* (NARM).
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Jul 77, 73p' DHEW/PUB/FDA-77/8025,, FDA/BRH-
77/156
Contract PHS-223-76-6018
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., and Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington, D.C.
Products containing naturally occurring and accelera-
tor-produced radioactive material, other than uranium
and thorium, are not subject to regulation by the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, nor are they compre-
hensively controlled by any other Federal agency. In
the interest of uniform control for radioactive materials,
the Conference of Radiation Control Program Direc-
tors, Inc., established a Task Force to develop guid-
ance for the individual state's evaluation of NARM
products. The Task Force consisted of representatives
from state radiation control programs, the BRH, the
USNRC and the USEPA. The Bureau of Radiological
Health funded the Task Force activities and provided
the secretariat for the project. The NARM Guides set
forth the relevant criteria for the evaluation of sources
and products containing radioactive material. These
Guides are intended to assist those persons or agen-
cies Interested in the uniform requirements governing
the manufacture, assembly, and distribution of radio-
active products.
Keywords: 'Radioactive materials, Materials handling,
Guidelines, Particle accelerators, Production, Criteria,
Electric equipment, Manufacturing, Distribution, Medi-
cal equipment, Regulations, Quality control, Labels,
Safety engineering, Radiopharmaceutical agents.
PB-272 304/7 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Ammonia Absorption/Ammonium Blsulfate Re-
generation Pilot Plant for Flue Gas Desulfurlza-
tlon. Final rept. 1966-Feb 77,
Tennessee valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala.
Office of Agricultural and Chemical Development.
P. C. Williamson, and E. J. Puschaver. Aug 77,230p
TVA-Bull-116, EPA/600/2-77/149
See also report dated Jun 74, PB-237 170.
The report gives results of a pilot-plant study of the
ammonia absorption/ammonium bisulfate regenera-
tion process for removing S02 from the stack gas of
coal-fired power plants. Data were developed on the
effects of such operating variable in the absorption of
SO2 by ammoniacal liquor as: temperature and flyash
content of Inlet flue gas, pH of recirculating absorber
liquor, and oxidation of sulfite to sulfate In absorber
liquor. An equation was developed for operating condi-
tions that should prevent fume formation in the absorb-
er; however, consistent plumeless pilot-plant operation
was not achieved. Acidulating and stripping equipment
and operating conditions were developed for recover-
ing 99 + % of the SO2 in the absorber product liquor as
a gas of suitable concentration for processing to sulfu-
ric acid or elemental sulfur. The proposed study of
electrical decomposition of ammonium sulfate to re-
cover ammonia and ammonium bisulfate for recycling
was not undertaken because of indicated high energy
requirements and unfavorable economics. It is recom-
mended that any further work involving S02 removal
with ammonia be directed toward a noncyclic process
with production of ammonium sulfate.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Absorbers(Equipment), Chemical equilibrium,
Electric power plants, Coal, Pilot plants,
Regeneration(Engineering), Ammonia, Sulfates,
Equipment, Reclrculation, Scrubbers, Flue gases, Am-
monium compounds, Fused salts, Process charting,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Economic
analysis, Numerical analysis, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Data analysis, Heat of formation,
Corrosion tests, Thermodynamics, Decomposition,
Reaction kinetics, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Ammonia
scrubbing, 'Waste gas recovery, Ammonia bisulfate,
Alkaline scrubbing.
PB-272 306/4 PC A14/MF A01
Dea Molnes 200 Areawlde Waste Treatment Man-
agement Plan. Final environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
27 Jul 77,318p EPA/907/9-77/003
The Central Iowa Regional Association of Local Gov-
ernments (CIRALG) has prepared the Areawide Waste
Treatment Management Plan for Des Moines, Iowa.
The 208 study area contains approximately 800
square miles, including most of Polk County and parts
of Dallas, Warren, and Jasper Counties. The plan was
developed according to Section 208 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L.
92-500). The plan includes structural and nonstructural
programs for controlling point, intermittent point, and
nonpolnt sources of pollution. Management alterna-
tives are also provided In the study. The EIS discusses
the primary and secondary impacts to accrue from
these programs, Including the effects upon water,
quality and quantity, air quality, land use, socloecono-
mics, archaelogical and historic sites, fauna and flora,
environmentally sensitive areas, and energy usage.
(Color Illustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Sewage treatment, 'Iowa, Water pollution control,
Sewers, Water quality, Sewage treatment plants, Des
Molnes(lowa), Polk County(lowa), Dallas
County(lowa), Warren County(lowa), Jasper
County(lowa).
PB-272 309/6 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Development of a Polymeric Cementing and En-
capsulating Process (or Managing Hazardous
Wastes. Final rept. Jul 73-Jul 75,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
H. R. Lubowltz, R. L. Derham, L. E. Ryan, and G. A.
Zakrzewskl. Aug 77,167p EPA/600/2-77/045
Contract EPA-68-03-2037
December 1983 231
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A process using polymeric materials to cement and en-
capsulate dry hazardous waste was researched, de-
veloped, and evaluated. The process involves cement-
ing particulates of waste into 500 to 1000 pound ag-
glomerates, and then fusing a plastic jacket onto the
agglomerate surfaces, thereby encapsulating them.
Pofybutadiene, as a binder resin, was found to be ca-
pable of cementing waste 94 to 96 percent by ready
processing of the agglomerates. Encapsulating the
waste-binder agglomerates with 1/4-inch jacket of
high density polyerthylene can be carried out by pack-
ing powdered polyethylene about the agglomerate and
then fusing the powder in situ. The method was satis-
factorily applied to produce laboratory specimens con-
taining, in some cases, high concentrations of highly
water soluble heavy metal wastes, e.g., sodium me-
taarsenate. Test specimens were subjected to leach-
ing solutions for 120 days and mechanical stresses to
evaluate the processes' capability to isolate the haz-
ardous waste from selected disposal environments.
Results indicate the processes' ability to prevent, or
limit to acceptable levels, the release or deiocalization
of the hazardous waste to the environment under var-
ious disposal schemes. This report discusses the proc-
ess and provides results of the evaluations.
Keywords: 'Polymers, 'Encapsulating, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Sludges, 'Agglomerates, Leaching, Per-
formance evaluation, Metals, Arsenic, Design criteria,
Refineries, Explosives, Pesticides, Organic com-
pounds, Drugs, Chemical industry, Mechanical tests,
Cost analysis. Mining, Industrial wastes, Inorganic
compounds, Electroplating, Batteries, Fuel cells,
'Solid waste disposal, Heavy metals.
PB-272 310/4 • PC A06/MF A01
Soil Conservation Service, Athens, Ga.
Prelmpoundment Study, Little Black Creek Drain-
age Basin, Black Creek Watershed, Bulloch
County, Georgia. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Hugh C. Vick, David W. Hill, Howard A. True, Rufus J.
Bruner, III, and Thomas 0. Barnwell. Aug 77,117p
EPA/904/9-77-026
Contracts AG-13-scs-00223, AG-13-scs-00226
A dissolved oxygen deficiency resulting from the
oxygen demand exerted by unoxidized nutrients (am-
monia-N or organic-N) will exist in the proposed im-
poundment. Supplemental aeration or other corrective
action will be required to meet standards for dissolved
oxygen. Major nutrient inputs will result from forest and
pasture litter and from fertilizer washout. Minor, but still
significant inputs will result from runoff of confined
animal feeding operations, discharge from a small do-
mestic oxidation pond and from polluted groundwater
entering the upper end of the drainage basin. Most of
the minor inputs can be partially eliminated by im-
proved waste handling practices, reducing supplemen-
tal aeration requirements. The degree of eutrophica-
tton experienced by the proposed impoundment will
depend on control of nutnent sources. High fecal coli-
form densities encountered represent storm water
runoff under free flowing stream conditions. However,
isolated shoreline areas which receive direct washoff
from confined animal feeding waste sources would still
not be acceptable for body contact recreation.
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Multiple purpose reservoirs,
'Black Creek Watershed, 'Water pollution, Dissolved
oxygen, Nutrients, Water analysis, Aeration, Forest
land, Runoff, Feeding stuffs, Temperature, pH, Dams,
Lagoons(Ponds), Ground water, Coliform bacteria,
Feces, Fertilizers, Precipitation(Meteorology). Geor-
gia, Tables(Data), Eutrophication, Feedlot wastes,
"Water quality data, Bulloch County(Georgia).
PB-272 311/2 PCA99/MFA01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Aug 77,679p EPA/340/1-77/018
See also report dated May 77, PB-266 785.
This report is the fourth in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents of this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not intended to rep-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those
232 Vol. 83, No. 26
facilities of interest to the states or the Agency for fur-
ther investigation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Industries,
'Combustion products, Sources, Standards, Facilities,
Regulations, States(United States), Regions,
Tables(Data), Hazards, Public he-".!i, Limits, 'Stand-
ards compliance, 'Stationary sources, Standard feder-
al regions, National ambient air quality standards.
PB-272 316/1 PCA04/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
A Method of Manure Disposal for Beef Packing
Operation. Interim Technical rept. no. 1,
Procedyne Corp., New Brunswick, N.J.
Roy Ricci. Jun 77, 74p EPA/600/2-77/103
The report contains the preliminary studies, process
development, process calculations, and process
design for a system to successfully handle the paunch
manure in a beef slaughtering operation. These stud-
ies resulted in a system in which the paunch manure is
collected from the slaughtering operation and is fed to
a screening device which separates the coarse solids.
The screenings are dewatered to a solids content of
37 percent. This dewatered material is then sent to a
fluid bed incinerator via a screw conveyor. The liquid
stream from the screening is fed to a settler and is
combined with the liquid stream from the dewaterer
prior to sand filtering. The filter cake is fed (9 the incin-
erator using a screw conveyor. The filtrate is recycled
back to the settler.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Food indus-
try, 'Incinerators, 'Fluidized bed processors, Beef,
Dewatering, Filtration, Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Sedimentation, Numerical analysis, Air pollution
control, Pilot plants, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Meat
packing industry, "Paunch.
PB-272 317/9 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Downflow Granular Filtration of Activated Sludge
Effluents. Final rept.,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
Robert P. G. Bowker. Sep 77,59p EPA/600/2-77/144
Contract EPA-68-03-0349
The performance of downflow granular filters subject-
ed to effluents from activated sludge processes was
investigated at the EPA-DC Pilot Plant in Washington,
D.C. Several media combinations were investigated,
including both single anthracite and dual anthracite-
sand configurations. Effluents from step aeration, plug
flow, and completely mixed activated sludge systems
were used as feeds. Breakthrough of the suspended
solids into the effluent occurred with both the 1.65 mm
and 20 mm effective size (E.S.) single anthracite con-
figurations, becoming more evident at the higher flow
rates. A dual media filter, consisting of 2.0 mm E.S.
coal over 0.9 mm E.S. sand, exhibited the most desir-
able characteristics for filtration of the secondary ef-
fluents investigated. The advantages were longer run
times and higher suspended solids loadings with virtu-
ally no deterioration of effluent quality. A backwash
study conducted at a variety of backwash flowrates
showed that a 13 percent bed fluidization was
achieved with the coarse media (2.0 mm E.S. coal/0.9
mm E.S. sand) at a flow rate of 1.43 cu m/min/sq m
(35 gpm/sq ft). This was sufficient to effectively
cleanse the media.
Keywords: 'Filters, 'Water pollution control, 'Activat-
ed sludge process, Filtration, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Flow rate, Backwashing, Phosphorus,
Pilot plants, Effluents.
PB-272 324/5 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Determining Input Variables for Calculation of
Impact of New Source Performance Standards:
Worksheets for Stationary Combustion Sources.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
235pEPA/450/3-76/018a
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also PB-272 325.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendix 4A
of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for Combustion
Sources. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion
products, 'Industries, 'Forecasting, Classifications,
Sources, Standards, Factor analysis, Methodology,
Particles, Computation, Mathematical prediction,
Impact, Gases, Input, Chemical industry, Paper Indus-
try, Petroleum industry, Metal industry, Boilers, Fly ash,
Incinerators, Engines, Emission factors, 'Stationary
sources, New source performance standards, 'Air pol-
lution standards, Variables.
PB-272 325/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Determining Input Variables for Calculation of
Impact of New Source Performance Standards:
Worksheets for Food and Agricultural Industries.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
197pEPA/450/3-76/018c
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also PB-261 803, and PB-272 324.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1965.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. The document contains Appendix 4C
of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for the Food and Ag-
ricultural Industry. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion
products, 'Industries, "Forecasting, Computation,
Sources, Standards, Limits, Factor analysis, Food in-
dustry, Agriculture, Fertilizers, Bagasse, Processing,
Meat, Fish protein concentrates, 'New source per-
formance standards, Emission factors, 'Air pollution
standards.
PB-272 329/4 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Impact of the Federal Tax Code on Resource Re-
covery. A Condensation,
Columbia Univ., New York. Graduate School of Busi-
ness.
Barbara J. Stevens. Aug 77,48p' EPA/600/8-77/012
Grant EPA-R-803368
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-264 886.
The report assesses the extent to which a variety of
federal tax subsidies to extractive industries affect the
flow of materials from competing secondary materials
industries. The impacts of tax subsidies on virgin mate-
rial supply curves and prices for the steel, paper, lead,
copper, and aluminum industries are analyzed. Flows
of virgin and secondary materials are characterized at
points where these substitute as inputs to production
and consumption processes. The econometnc models
specified at the points of substitution are used to ana-
lyze the Impacts of the tax subsidies on the quantities
of secondary materials recycled.
Keywords: 'Financial incentives. 'Paper industry,
'Materials recovery, 'Economic analysis, "Metal in-
dustry, 'Solid waste disposal, Recycling, Reclamation,
Resource conservation, Commodity management.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SuppMEconomics), Demand(Economics), Metal
scrap, Econometrics, Prices, Taxes, Industries, Gov-
ernment policies, National government, Mathematical
models, Economic models, Aluminum industry, Iron
and steel industry, Raw materials, Refuse disposal,
Copper industry, Lead industry, 'Secondary materials
Industry, 'Waste recycling, Metal recycling, Paper re-
cycling.
PB-272 333/6 PC A09/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Grand
Strand Region, South Carolina. EPA Project No.
C4S0381.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Aug 77, 187p EPA/904/9-77/021 EIS
See also Draft environmental impact statement dated
Feb 77, PB-264 059. Errata sheet inserted.
The subject action of this Environmental Impact State-
ment is the awarding of grant funds to the Grand
Strand Water and Sewer Authority for regional
wastewater treatment facilities to service the Grand
Strand, S.C. 201 area. Major Issues involved In the EIS
are water quality and secondary impacts resulting
growth supported by the project. The EIS consists of
wee major sections. These are a description of the
existing environment, an evaluation of alternatives,
and a more detailed evaluation of the effects of the
chosen alternative. The project consists of the con-
struction of three new wastewater treatment facilities
with accompanying outfall lines and interceptor sys-
tems and the upgrading of the existing MB-1
wastewater treatment facility total first phase capacity
of the system will be 26.8 MGD with discharges into
tne Waccamaw River and the Intracoastal Waterway.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
Sewage treatment, 'South Carolina, Regional plan-
ning, Waste water, Facilities, Waccamaw River,
Sewers, Discharge, Sludge disposal. Environmental
impacts, Design, Evaluation, Outfall sewers, 'Grand
Strand Region(South Carolina), 'Myrtle Beach(South
Carolina), 'Sewage treatment plants, Alternatives.
fB-272 350/0 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OWa. Source Management Branch.
Conttnuous Subsurface Injection of Liquid Dairy
"•wire. Final rept Jan 74-Dec 76,
yotorado State Univ.. Fort Collins.
J- L. Smith, D. B. McWhorter, and R. C. Ward. Jun 77,
Wp* EPA/600/2-77/1 17
QfantEPA-S-802940
The research has involved the development and eval-
uation of an efficient, economical, continuous subsur-
'«ce injection machine. The application site was instru-
m*nted so the quality of water percolating beneath the
""lection zone could be measured. Wells located
•round the sites were used to monitor groundwater
HUaMty. Soil samples were taken periodically to deter-
rwie nutrients, salts, heavy metal concentrations, and
U**8"8 movement and survival. Major environmental
roolems were increased soil salinity and movement of
U£5 conform to the groundwater. Both of these prob-
*•"» can be eliminated by proper management and
•"•selection. Subsurface Injection is economically
'••awe when compared with other methods of land
•PPNcatton.
£*ywords: 'Dairies, 'Fertilizers, 'Agricultural wastes,
Jyteultural machinery, Liquids, Injection, Ground
water, Subsurface, Percolation, Water wells, Monitor-
Eft! Correlation techniques, Feces, Coliform bacteria,
rUr***. Coat analysis, Odors, Insects, Runoff. Colo-
••*>. 'Manure, 'Water quality data, 'Underground
*•«• disposal.
PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
. Energy Systems Environmental Control Dtv.
ury Environmental Assessment of Solar
Systems. Final rept..
1 Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsvltle, Ala.
B Research and Engineering Center.
.Richard Sears, and Paul 0. McCormick. Aug 77.
{EPLMSC-HREC-TR-D496748, EPA/600/7-77/086
report dated 1 975, ERDA-48-Vol-1 .
This report addresses the environmental conse-
quences of three kinds of solar energy utilization: pho-
tovoltaic, concentrator (steam electric) and flat plate.
The application of solar energy toward central power
generating stations is emphasized. Discussions of
combined modes and of the geosynchronous satellite
generating stations are included.
Keywords: "Solar energy conversion, "Solar power
generation. 'Solar space heating, 'Energy source de-
velopment, 'Environmental impacts, Solar collectors,
Solar energy concentrators, Flat plate collectors, Pho-
tovoltaic conversion, Orbital solar power plants, Land
use, Site surveys, Planning, Technology assessment,
Site selection.
PB-272 353/4 PC A99/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
The Degradation of Selected Pesticides In Soil: A
Review of the Published Literature. Rept. for 23
Feb 75-1 May 76,
Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana.
James R. Sanborn, B. Magnus Francis, and Robert L.
Metcalf. Aug 77,635p* EPA/600/9-77/022
Grant EPA-R-803591
This report contains a literature summary on the deg-
radation of forty-five pesticides in soil. The point of be-
ginning of each literature review is the year of Issue of
the patent for the particular pesticide. After compila-
tion of the literature data for each pesticide, conclu-
sions were formulated regarding the suitability of soil
disposal of these pesticides. On the basis of the data
collected In this report it was suggested that ten pesti-
cides are suitable for soil disposal, twenty-one are not
suitable for disposal, and the data for fourteen are in-
sufficient to formulate any conclusions regarding their
suitability for soil disposal.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soils, "Degradation, 'Re-
views, Residues. Waste disposal, Land use, Agricul-
ture, Substitutes, Water pollution, Microorganisms,
Transport properties, Volatility, Toxicity, Physical prop-
erties, Synthesis(Chemlstry), Plants(Botany), Aquatic
animals, Invertebrates, Leaching, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution effects(Plants), Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Land disposal, Nomenclature.
PB-272 359/1 PC A03/MF A01
Experimental Simulation of Single and Multiple
Cell Cooling Tower Plumes. Final rept. Jul 75-Dec
76,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lorin R. Davis, Mostafa A. Shlrazl, and David L. Slegel.
Jul 77,47p EPA/600/7-77/070
An experimental investigation was conducted to deter-
mine the dilution characteristics of single and multiple
port buoyant discharges typical of modern natural and
mechanical draft cooling towers. Simultaneous meas-
urements of velocity and tracer concentration profiles
were taken at various downstream locations In the
three-dimensional plumes discharged into a stagnant
ambient using a hot film anemometer and conductivity
probe. The number of discharge ports was varied from
one to seven. Discharge denslmetric Froude numbers
were varied from 1.5 to infinity. Numerical Integration
of the profiles gave dilution, tracer conservation, and
momentum fluxes. The effect of reducing Froude
number was to Increase entrainment considerably. In
multiple port discharges the shape of the plume
changed from an elongated configuration to nearly axl-
symmetric within the first 20-30 diameters of dis-
charge.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Plumes, 'Jets, 'Dilution,
•Thermal pollution, Simulation, Heat transfer, Salinity,
Fresh water, Salt water, Froude number, Baffles,
Reynolds number, Three dimensional flow,
Tables(Data), Entrainment, Turbulent flow, Laboratory
equipment, Experimental data, Ports(Openings), Buoy-
ant jets.
PB-272 390/9 PC A03/MF A01
Nutrient, Bacterial, and Virus Control aa Related
to Ground-Water Contamination. Special rept.,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Oklft
James F. McNabb. William J. Dunlap, and Jack W.
Keetey. Jul 77,27p EPA/600/8-77/010
j of the histo-
ry of groundwater, its present use, and the means by
which it can become contaminated. A priority listing of
sources of ground-water contamination is presented
for four geographical areas of the United States. Phos-
phorus is discussed in terms of its fate In soil systems.
The fate of organic and Inorganic nitrogen compounds
Is also discussed giving consideration to sorptlon and
biological utilization and degradation. Criteria impor-
tant to the survival and transport of bacteria and vir-
uses is presented along with information concerning
indicator organisms In the subsurface environment.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Water pollution, Bacteria,
Contamination, Viruses, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Nitro-
gen inorganic compounds, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Microorganisms, Water consumption, Surviv-
al, Land use, Sewage disposal, Solid waste disposal,
Agriculture, Septic tanks.
PB-272 361/7 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.
Waate Treatment and Disposal from Seafood
Processing Plants. Final draft rept. Feb 75-Aug 76,
Maryland Univ., Cambridge. Horn Point Environmental
Labs.
Russel B. Brlnsfield, and Douglas G. Phillips. Aug 77,
108p EPA/600/2-77/157
Grant EPA-S-803522-01-0
Prepared In cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Annapolis.
Examinations of current wastewater and solid waste
disposal practices and characterization of the
wastewater effluent for seafood processing were car-
ried out In a project within the state of Maryland In
order to recommend economical waste treatment and
disposal systems for the Industries. Chemical and bac-
teriological examination of the present plants In light of
promulgated EPA Guidelines for the Industry for 1977
and 1983 revealed all plants meeting oil and grease as
well as pH effluent limitations. Other chemical param-
eters were only partially or were entirely beyond limita-
tions while bacteriological data showed large numbers
of organisms surviving even In heavily chlorinated ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Seafood, "Food processing, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sewage dis-
posal, Oils, Greases, pH, Bacteria, Survival, Canner-
ies, Crustacea, Shellfish, Lagoons(Ponds), Perform-
ance evaluation, Chlorlnatlon, Waste water, Regula-
tions, Man/land.
PB-272 373/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Dlv.
Long-Term Environmental Effectiveness of Close
Down Procedures: Eastern Underground Coal
Mines. Final rept.,
HRB-Slnger, Inc., State College, Pa.
M. F. Bucek, and J. L Emel. Aug 77,155p' EPA/600/
7-77/083
Contract EPA-68-03-2216
This report describes the long-term effectiveness of
deep mine closures that have been or are planned to
be Implemented in the eastern United States coal
mining regions. The data provide a basic understand-
ing and a general assessment of the various sealing
techniques and the problems the user may encounter
with each.
Keywords: 'Underground mining, 'Coal mines,
'Mining engineering, 'Closures, Mine waters, Water
pollution, Water quality, Environmental Impacts, Per-
formance evaluation, Eastern Region(Unlted States),
Mine acid drainage, Acid mine drainage.
PB-272 390/6 PC AOO/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio, Wastewater Research Dlv.
Performance Evaluation of Existing Lagoons,
Peterborough, New Hampshire. Final rept. 1974-76,
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, Mass.
Stuart P. Bowen. Aug 77,105p EPA/600/2-77/085
Contract EPA-68-03-2062
Although wastewater treatment lagoons are used ex-
tensively, little operational data is currently available
for evaluating the performance capabilities of lagoons.
This report presents data gathered during a one-year
December 1983 233
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
period of monitoring the lagoon system at Peterbor-
ough, New Hampshire, and compares the treatment
plant performance to design loading rates and the
Federal Secondary Treatment Effluent Standards. The
lagoon system performed very well with excellent re-
movals of suspended solids and fecal coliform bacte-
ria. BODS removal was excellent except for four
months during the winter when anaerobic conditions
occurred under the ice cover and soluble BOD5 levels
rose substantially. As a result of this study, it was rec-
ommended that induced-air aeration be installed in
one of the ponds to decrease the concentration of
soluble BODS and thus meet the Federal Standards.
Other chemical and physical parameters were moni-
tored In the sampling program and the data is present-
ed In the report. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
'Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Coliform bacteria, Monitoring, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Feces, Aeration,
Ice, New Hampshire, Peterborough(New Hampshire).
PB-272 411/0 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Determining Input Variables for Calculation of
Impact of New Source Performance Standards:
Worksheets for Mineral Products Industries. Final
rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
247p EPA/450/3-76/018d
Contract EPA-66-02-1382
See also report dated May 76, PB-261 803.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendix 4D
of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for the Mineral Prod-
ucts Industry.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Air pollution control, 'Industri-
al wastes, 'Minerals, Regulations, Performance evalu-
ation, Chemical industry, Paper industry, Petroleum in-
dustry, Metal industry, Combustion products, 'Emis-
sion factors.
PB-272 421/9 PC A04/MF A01
Quality Assurance Research Plan, FY 1978-82,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Thomas W. Stanley. Jul 77,69p EPA/600/8-77/008
The Office of Research and Development (ORD),
through its Office of Monitoring and Technical Support,
Is responsible for developing an Agency-wide quality
assurance program to enable the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to implement its regulatory
mission and associated monitoring functions. The
major thrust of this document is to identify and justify
the resources required by ORD to develop the quality
assurance tools, techniques, and services needed by
other program offices, the Regions, and the States to
generate valid data. This five-year planning document
describes the quality assurance program in terms of
goals, objectives, and functional elements; summa-
rizes the current status of ORD's ongoing quality as-
surance efforts; discusses Agency and program
needs; and delineates the resources and approaches
required to develop and carry out a dynamic quality as-
surance program which will ensure scientifically valid
environmental measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Regulations, 'Management planning,
Quality assurance, Project planning, Forecasting, Data
acquisition, Monitoring, Management methods, Stand-
ards, Measurement, Guidelines, Quality control, Re-
search, Standardization, Water supply, Energy, Op-
tions, Future research needs.
PB-272 422/7 PC A25/MF A01
Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement. Volume 1: Proposed Standards of Per-
formance for Stationary Gas Turbines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Sep 77, 593p EPA/450/2-77/017;
Standards of performance to control nitrogen oxides
and sulfur dioxide emissions from new, reconstructed
and modified stationary gas turbines in the U.S. are
being proposed under section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
This document contains information on the gas turbine
industry and emission control technology, a discussion
of the selected emission limitations and the supporting
data and the alternatives which were considered, and
analyses of the environmental and economic impacts
of the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements,
'Standards, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Gas
turbines, Performance evaluation, Sources, Revisions,
Substitutes, Economic analysis, Air pollution control,
Noise pollution, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Environmental surveys, Stationary
sources, Air quality.
PB-272 423/5 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Synthetic Fuel Production from Solid Wastes.
Final rept.,
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex.
Roy C. Feber, and Michael J. Antal. Sep 77,87p EPA/
600/2-77/147
Prepared in cooperation with Princeton Univ., N.J.
Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences.
The work described in this report has two objectives:
first, to evaluate potential catalysts for the commercial
practice of the gasification of chars produced by the
pyrolysis of municipal or industrial wastes; second, to
determine the potential for synthetic fuel production
from solid wastes produced in this country, and to ex-
plore the feasibility of providing the heat required for
the gasification reactions by coupling a chemical reac-
tor to a solar collector. To meet the first objective, a
small scale, fixed bed, flow through reactor was as-
sembled, and a number of potential catalysts were
tested on chars from a number of sources. The alkali
metal carbonates are superior to any of the catalysts
for gasification with both steam and carbon dioxide at
650C. With these catalysts, rates of gasification by
steam are increased by factors of two to three, and
rates of gasification by carbon dioxide, by factors up to
ten. The rates are comparable with those observed
elsewhere with other carbonaceous materials. To
meet the second objective, several possible schemes
for coupling a solar collector and a gasification reactor
are suggested, and economic analyses of the systems
are attempted. It is concluded that a feasible, eco-
nomically attractive systems is possible.
Keywords: 'Gasification, 'Industrial wastes, Sewage
treatment, Catalysts, Pyrolysis, Feasibility, Chemical
reactor, Carbonates, Economic analysis, Thermody-
namics, Chemical reactions, Sources, Chemical analy-
sis, Reaction kinetics, Design criteria, Fluidized bed
processing, Laboratory equipment, 'Solid wastes,
•Synthetic fuels, 'Chare, Solar collectors, Solid waste
disposal, 'Monsanto process, 'Sewage sludge.
PB-272 434/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Conoco Dolomite Hot Gas Cleanup System. Final
rept.,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
Earl D. Oliver, and Konrad T. Semrau. Mar 76,58p
SRI-3570-24, EPA/600/2-76/084
Contract EPA-68-01-2940
This report analyzes a proposal that EPA sponsor a
large-scale pilot plant to develop the Conoco (formerly
Consol) Dolomite Hot Gas Clean-up system. The
report includes a history of the prior development pro-
gram, the technology involved comparisons with com-
petitive technologies In regard to technical feasibility,
potential efficiency, and environmental benefits.
Future funding implications are explored. The potential
benefits in economy and efficiency of energy conver-
sion are judged to be substantial, but the cost of devel-
opment is high. The expected cost of the pilot plant
program may be greater than funding ability. The cur-
rent laboratory program should either be continued or
should be terminated in a way that will Insure that the
knowledge already gained is retrievable.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur, Pilot plants,
Technology, Feasibility, Economics, Cost analysis,
Coal gasification, Particles, Process charting, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Forecasting, Com-
parison, Performance evaluation, Efficiency, 'Conoco
dolomite systems, High sulfur coal.
PB-272 437/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. En-
forcement Div.
Compliance Analysis of Small Bulk Plants (Test-
Ing). Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
R. J. Bryan, R. L. Norton, P. S. Bakshi, and J.
Stevenson. Oct 76, 84p EPA/340/1-77/012
Contract EPA-68-01 -3156
A testing program was completed, concerning vapor
recovery systems at small bulk plants (less than
20,000 gallons/day). Testing was conducted on a
vapor balance system and on a secondary processor
(straight refrigeration) system. The results of 41 tests
are presented. Twenty-five of these tests were per-
formed on the secondary system (7 transport deliv-
eries, 18 bulk plant delivery vehicles) and sixteen were
conducted on the vapor balance system (5 transport
deliveries, 11 bulk plant delivery vehicles). The test re-
sults indicate that both systems can function with
vapor recovery efficiency greater than 90 percent, but
only if account trucks are maintained leak-free.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Air pollution control, Perform-
ance evaluation, Efficiency, Petroleum products, Proc-
ess charting, Sampling, Numerical analysis, Storage
tanks, Refrigerating, 'Vapor recovery systems, 'Fugi-
tive emissions, Procedures, Vapor balance systems.
PB-272 438/3 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
An Index of Refractory Organlcs. Final rept. Jul 74-
Jun 76,
Connecticut Univ., Storrs. Environmental Engineering
Program.
T. B. Helfgott, F. L. Hart, and R. G. Bedard. Aug 77,
143p EPA/600/2-77/174
Grant EPA-R-803231-01-05
Refractory waterborne organics resist biodegradation,
accumulate in the environment and can inhibit life
forms. This research develops laboratory techniques
for, and interpretations of, a Refractory Index (R.I.) to
quantitatively assess the persistency of refractory or-
ganics and uses R.I. to evaluate some 38 industrial,
natural and combined organics. R.I. values close to 1.0
characterize readily biodegradation; R.I. values near
zero indicate refractory organics; negative R.I. values
indicate inhibitors. The coefficient of variation for R.I.
values is 13%. Since negative R.I. values are of quali-
tative significance only, a Biological Inhibition value
(B.I.V.) is developed and used to quantitatively assess
those organics found to interfere with the biochemical
tests used, long-term ultimate Warburg Respirometer
determinations. In a few cases, confirmation of the R.I.
interpretation was performed using a model activated
sludge unit and by specific analysis. Correlations be-
tween oxygen demand tests (BODS, BODu, TOD) and
organic parameters (TOC, TN) are presented. Sugges-
tions for required pretreatments of industrial
wastewaters before allowing discharge into municipal
sewage treatment plants are included as an applica-
tion of the Refractory Index criterion. The bibliography
contains 49 references.
Keywords: 'Refractory materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Refractivity, 'Water pollution, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Industrial wastes, Sewage treatment,
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Materials recovery,
Numerical analysis, Graphic methods, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB-272 444/1 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Top Loading Vapor Balance Sys-
tems for Small Bulk Plants. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
234 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. J. Bryan, M. M. Yamada, R. L Norton, and A. Kokin.
Jun 77,74p EPA/340/1 -77/014
Regulations promulgated by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for Stage I vapor recovery systems at
small gasoline bulk distributing plants require final
compliance be achieved no later than May 31, 1977.
Several studies have been performed in recent
months to determine the economic feasibility and rea-
sonable applicability of available vapor recovery equip-
ment for these small bulk plants. This study Is intended
to provide an evaluation of the vapor balance systems
at small bulk plants which provide for top loading of
small delivery trucks. This analysis will focus on de-
scribing available systems, appraising the applicability
of each system to the small bulk plant, providing esti-
mated equipment and installation costs, and determin-
ing the economic impact of these expenditures on the
small bulk plants.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, *Alr pollution control, Storage
tanks, Pipelines, Performance evaluation, Cost analy-
sis, Efficiency, Process charting, Design criteria,
Equipment, Operating costs, Economic analysis,
Trucks, 'Vapor recovery systems, 'Fugitive emissions,
Vapor balance systems.
PB-272 446/8 PCA11/MFA01
Control of Volatile Organic Emission* from Exist-
ing Stationary Sources. Volume II. Surface Coat-
Ing of Cans, Colls, Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles,
and Light-Duty Trucks.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
May 77,232p* EPA/450/2-77/008, OAQPS-1.2-073
See also Volume 1, PB-260 386.
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic sources (VOC) of hydrocarbons, especially from
the coating operations of five industries: can, coll,
paper, fabric and automobile and light duty trucks. This
guidance includes an emission limit which represents
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) for
each of the five, analytical techniques for determining
the solvent content of coatings, EPA's policy on the
control of VOC, and a monograph on how these com-
ponents can be used to develop a State regulation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
'Vapors, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Industrial wastes, Regula-
tions, Cans, Coils, Fabrics, Automobile industry,
Trucks, Paper industry, Electrodeposition, Combustion
products, Absorbers(Materials), Curing, Adsorption,
Coatings, Design criteria, Technology, Incinerators,
Carbon, Stationary sources, Light duty vehicles, Rea-
sonably available control technology.
PB-272 447/4 Not available NTIS
Residues of PCB's and DDT In the Western Lake
Superior Ecosystem. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Q. D. Veith, D. W. Kuehl, f. A. Pugllsi, G. E. Glass, and
J. G. Eaton. 1977,14p EPA/600/J-77/045
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 p487-499 1977.
Fish from western Lake Superior (1972-73) contained
DDT and PCB residues at concentrations greater than
0.1 ppm. The most predominant PCB's were those
containing 3 to 6 chlorine atoms per molecule, and
GLC data indicated that the mixtures were most like
the commercial product Aroclor (R). Other chlorinated
contaminants identified by GC/MS analyses and oc-
curring at concentrations less than 0.1 ppm were hex-
achlorobenzene (C6C16), chlordane, nonaclor, and
dieldrin. Llndane which has been previously reported
in Lake Superior, was below the detection limit of ap-
proximately 0.01 ppm. The relationship between the
size of lake trout and the concentration of total DDT In
the fish was compared to measurements reported in
previous studies. The comparison suggests that DDT
residues have declined since 196B.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fishes, 'Lake Superior, DDT,
Residues, Biphenyls, Chlorine organic compounds.
Trout, Concentration(Compositlon), Size determina-
tion, Chlorodan, Naphthalene compounds, Benzene,
Dieldrin, Chlorohydrocarbons, Halohydrocarbons,
Tolerances(Physiology), Polychlorinated biphenyls, Bl-
Phenyl/chloro, Benzene/hexachloro, Nonaclor.
PB-272 473/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Reverse Osmosis Field Test: Treatment of Copper
Cyanide Rinse Waters. Final rept,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Fla.
Kenneth J. McNulty, Robert L. Goldsmith, Arye Gollan,
Sohrab Hossain, and Donald Grant. Aug 77,101p
EPA/600/2-77/170
Grant EPA-R-I00945
Prepared by Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden
Research Div. See also report dated Feb 77, PB-266
919.
Field tests of reverse osmosis (RO) were conducted
on copper cyanide rinse waters at two different sites:
Whyco Chromium Co. and New England Plating Co. At
both sites, closed-loop treatment was used with plat-
Ing chemicals recycled to the bath and purified water
recycled to the rinsing operation. The objective of the
tests was to establish, under actual plating conditions,
the feasibility of RO treatment for copper cyanide plat-
ing wastes, it was concluded that RO can be used to
close the loop in copper cyanide plating. However,
care must be taken to insure that adequate membrane
life can be achieved. Where membrane life ap-
proaches that in traditional RO applications, the capital
and operating costs for RO, compared to those for al-
ternative treatment processes, are attractive. The cost
attractiveness of RO depends on several factors spe-
cific for each Installation. Bases for assessing capital
costs, operating costs, and process credits are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Water pollution control,
'Metal Industry, Feasibility, Copper inorganic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Reverse osmosis, Mem-
branes, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Feedback
control, 'Copper cyanides, 'Reverse osmosis mem-
branes.
PB-272 474/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Elutrlator/Mlcrocosm System Pilot Model and
Test. Final rept.,
Naval Ocean Systems Center, Kailua, Hawaii. Hawaii
Lab.
E. C. Evans, III, and R. Scott Henderson. Aug 77,52p
EPA/600/3-77/093
Sponsored in part by Office of Naval Research, Arling-
ton, Va.
An effective technique is described for transferring soft
benthic sediments with their resident infauna intact
Into special holding systems (elutriator/mlcrocosms)
which permitted the study under controlled conditions
of both nutrient exchange from the sediments and the
activities of their infaunal communities. The effects of
bloturbic activity on nutrient exchange rates could not
be detected by water column measurements but could
be seen using a specially developed micro-coring
technique. Alpneid shrimp activity was estimated to in-
crease the sediment surface area by 2- or 3-fold and
also tended to mask signs of burrowing by smaller in-
faunal animals. An increase In infaunal population after
sediment transfer to a clean-water situation suggested
that the sediment Itself was acting like an analogue to
an 'artificial reef. Continued Investigation of this 'artifi-
cial-reef effect' is recommended.
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Sediments, 'Coring, 'Model
tests, 'Marine biology, Underwater environments, Nu-
trients, Turbidity, Design, Shrimps, Populations, Equip-
ment, Kaneohe Bay, Laboratories, Models, Efficiency,
Oahu Island, Hawaii, Artificial reefs, Elutriators, Micro-
cosms.
PB-272 483/9 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Research and Development Program
Qulde. Fiscal Year 1977. Final rept. Oct 76-Sep 77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 76, 78p EPA/600/9-76/029
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-2S1 407.
The guide provides the public with information on the
Office of Research and Development's current extra-
mural research program and serves as a guide to
Office of Research and Development's key personnel.
The publication is updated each fiscal year.
Keywords: 'Environmental protection, 'Research
management, Public health, Ecological succession,
Food chain, Energy conservation, Mineralogy, Natural
resources, Agriculture, Waste management, Water
supply, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal
agencies, Path o1 pollutants, Environmental manage-
ment, Research and development.
PB-272 514/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Independent Physical-Chemical Treatment of Raw
Sewage. Final rept. Jan 73-Aug 75,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whittier, Calif.
Leon S. Directo, Ching-Lin Chen, and Robert P. Mlele.
Aug 77,119p EPA/600/2-77/137
Contract DI-14-12-150
A 3.17 I/sec (50 gpm) pilot plant evaluation of the Inde-
pendent physical-chemical treatment (IPC) process
was conducted for 27-months at Pomona, California.
The pilot plant consisted of chemical clarification w/
alum at 25 mg/l as Al and an anionlc polymer at 0.3
mg/l followed by a single-stage, pressurized downflow
carbon column operated at a hydraulic loading of 2.71
l/sec/sq m (4 gpm/sq ft) and an empty-bea contact
time of 30 min. Performance data obtained have dem-
onstrated the stability of the IPC system in producing
effluent of excellent overall quality. The suspended
solids, total COD and total phosphate removals in the
IPC system were 96.6%, 94%, and 92%, respectively.
In the course of the study, several methods of control-
ling sulflde generation in the carbon column were eval-
uated. Continuous sodium nitrate addition to the
carbon column at an average dosage of 5.4 mg/l N
was found most effective in preventing sulfide genera-
tion.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), 'Activated carbon, 'Co-
agulation, Pilot plants, Sediments, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Organic phosphates. Performance evalua-
tion, Nitrates, Regeneration, Economic analysis, Hy-
drogen sulfldes, Pomona(California).
PB-272 519/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Potential Radioactive Pollutants Resulting from
Expanded Energy Programs. Final rept.,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Center for
Resource and Environmental Systems Studies.
Hong Lee, Thomas O. Peyton, Robert V. Steele, and
Ronald K. White. Aug 77,142p* CRESS-6, EPA/600/
7-77/082
Contract EPA-68-03-2375
An effective environmental monitoring program must
have a quality assurance component to assure the
production of valid data. Quality assurance has many
components: calibration standards, standard refer-
ence materials, standard reference methods, interla-
boratory comparison studies, and data validation. The
purpose of this document is to Identify and document
the potential radioactive pollutants that could result
from the expanded energy program and for which
quality assurance programs must be provided. The ra-
dionuclide releases and the resulting population expo-
sure doses from several energy systems for four pro-
jected energy utilization scenarios were calculated and
compared. The energy system components examined
were: coal mining, processing, combustion, and ash
disposal; coal gasification and liquefaction; oil shale
mining, processing, residue disposal and product utili-
zation; geothermal and development and operations;
uranium mining, milling, conversion, enrichment and
fabrication; nuclear reactor operations; and fuel re-
processing and waste disposal.
Keywords: 'Radiation hazards, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Quality assurance, 'Energy source develop-
ment, Oil shale mining, Coal mining, Coal gasification,
Nuclear fuel reprocessing, Waste disposal, Uranium.
PB-272 548/9 PC A06/MF A01
Report on Toxic/Hazardous Organic Compounds
In the Wabash River Basin. Final rept. 1971-77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Central
District Office.
David H. Stoltenberg. Jul 77,111p EPA/905/3-77/001
December 1983 235
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Previous organics studies in the Wabash River Basin
are reviewed and summarized, and all existing toxic/
hazardous organics data from USEPA, Indiana State
Board of Health, and Illinois EPA are gathered, con-
densed, and presented. These include industrial and
municipal point source data, ambient river and stream
data, fish data, carbon filter data, sludge and sediment
data, and public water supply data. Major municipal, in-
dustrial, and federal known or potential dischargers of
toxic/hazardous organics are listed as well as Known
or potential minor sources. Data are presented in
terms of microgram/l and Ib/da for each compound
from each source. A total of 304 sources were ana-
lyzed for as many as 78 compounds (not all com-
pounds for all sources). Compounds are ranked in de-
creasing order of magnitude (Ib/da) discharged from
all sources tested. Eleven conclusions and/or recom-
mendations are presented. A bibliography with 16 ref-
erences is appended, as is a glossary of 78 toxic/haz-
ardous organic compounds. Five appendixes are in-
cluded, giving excerpts from previous reports; industri-
al categories used in selecting potential municipal
sources; various types of data; and locations of major
surface public water supplies in the Basin. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Fish, Industrial wastes,
Rivers, Streams, Filters, Sludge, Sediments, Potable
water, Sampling, Tables(Data), Indiana, Illinois, Toxic
substances, 'Wabash River Basin, 'Water pollution
sampling, Point sources, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-272 549/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Light-Duty Diesel Emission Correction Factors for
Ambient Conditions. Interim rept,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Charles T. Hare. Jul 77,106p EPA/600/2-77/116
Contract EPA-68-02-1777
Since emission measurements from passenger cars
are performed at one standard set of ambient condi-
tions and since emission rates of HC, CO, and NOx are
sensitive to temperature and humidity, it is necessary ,
to determine the influence of ambient conditions on
emissions from major classes of vehicles. Although
such information has been available for gasoline
engine powered cars for sometime, no such data were
available for diesel powered passenger cars. This
report indicates that diesel HC and CO emissions are
relatively insensitive to ambient conditions. Diesel NOx
emissions, however, are sensitive to humidity but to a
smaller extent than gasoline engines. Humidity correc-
tion factors for NOx emissions also appear to vary with
vehicle power-to-weight ratios and are greater for
higher powered vehicles.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Carbon
monoxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, 'Correc-
tion, Exhaust emissions, Humidity, Standards, Auto-
mobiles, Statistical analysis, Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Tests, Dynamometers, Measuring in-
struments, * Light duty vehicles, Air quality.
PB-272 S50/5 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Literature Survey of Emissions Associated with
Emerging Energy Technologies,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. E. Sickles, II, W. C. Eaton, L A. Ripperton, and R. S.
Wright. Sep 77,77p* EPA/600/7-77/104
Contract EPA-68-02-2258
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-252 649.
A literature survey was conducted to address fuel con-
taminants and atmospheric emissions from the follow-
ing energy-related operations: coal gasification, coal
liquefaction, shale oil production, ancf petroleum refin-
ing. Sulfur and nitrogen found in coal, coal liquid prod-
uct, shale oil, and petroleum crude are, for the most
part, organically bound. Only coal was found to have
substantial amounts of inorganic contaminants, and
this was as pyrite (FeS2). The sulfur content of most
fuels is less than 5% and occurs as thiols (mercap-
tans), sulfides, disulfides, and thiophenes. Nitrogen is
usually reported at less than 2% and occurs as pyri-
dlnes, pyrroles, indolea, carbazoles, and benzamldes.
Quantitative estimates of criteria air pollutant emis-
sions from energy-related operations are tabulated. A
broad spectrum of sulfur-containing compounds, nitro-
gen-containing compounds, and hydrocarbons has
been identified from analyses of intermediate process
streams and final products from fuel conversion proc-
esses. The surveyed literature provides a basis for
identifying the major emissions. The same or similar
species are expected to be en.itted from each fuel
conversion facility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fossil fuels, 'Combustion
products, Coal gasification, Coal liquefaction, Shale
oil, Refineries, Petroleum industry, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Environ-
mental impacts, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Sulfur
inorganic compounds, Industrial wastes, Energy re-
serves, Carbon monoxide, Coal liquids, Crude oil,
Process charting, Design criteria, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur oxides, Energy sources.
PB-272 586/9 PC A03/MF A01
A Flow-Through Testing Procedure with Duck-
weed (Lemna minor L.),
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Charles T. Walbridge. Sep 77,29p EPA/600/3-77/108
Lemna minor is one of the smallest flowering plants.
Because of its floating habit, ease of culture, and small
size it is well adapted for laboratory investigations. Pro-
cedures for flow-through tests were developed. Test-
ing procedures were developed with this apparatus. By
using the techniques described here, the effects of nu-
trients or toxicants, singly or in combination, can be de-
termined in several concentrations with several repli-
cates of each. Responses which can be measured in-
clude changes in growth rate, changes in death rate,
changes in timing of division of colonies, color
changes, changes in variability, and modification of the
flowering response. Emphasis here is on changes in
growth rate determined either by daily frond counts or
by final frond numbers.
Keywords: 'Aquatic weeds, Water pollution, Water
quality, Indicator species, Bioassay, Toxicity, Nutrition,
Growth, Plant physiology, Mortality, Ecology, Aquatic
plants, 'Lemna minor, 'Duckweed, 'Bioindicators,
Laboratory experiments.
PB-272 587/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Culturlng and Ecology Studies of the Rotifer, 'Po-
lyarthra vulgarls'. Final rept. 1 Feb K73-30 Jun 74,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Center for Environmental Studies.
Arthur L. Buikema, Jr., John Cairns, Jr., Paul C.
Edmunds, and Thomas H. Krakauer. Aug 77,67p
EPA/600/3-77/051
GrantEPA-R-800815
The report presents research conducted to identify
variables which affect the survival and reproduction of
the rotifer, Polyarthra vulgaris. The following variables
were studied: handling stress, container size, frequen-
cy of changing the culture medium, light quantity and
quality, photoperiod, oxygen and vitamin requirements,
fungal parasites, food preference and concentration,
antibiotic effects of bluegreen algae, and temperature.
Temperature had an effect on population dynamics,
percent of females with eggs, number of eggs per
female, and sexual reproduction. Egg production rates
were estimated and observations on the duration of
egg development were made. This report also includes
a field study of the relation between Polyarthra vulgaris
and 19 selected chemical and physical parameters.
Keywords: 'Zooplankton, 'Plankton, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, Freshwater biology, Ecology, Cultures(Biology),
Survival, ReproductionfBiotogy), Temperature, Popu-
lation migrations, Trace elements, Food, Culture
media, Water quality, Invertebrates, 'Rotifers. 'Po-
lyarthra vulgaris.
PB-272 588/5 PC A04/MF A01
Annual and Seasonal Precipitation Probabilities,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Wastewater Management Branch.
Richard E. Thomas, and Dick M. Whiting. Aug 77,59p
EPA/600/2-77/182
Prepared In cooperation with National Climatic Center,
Asheville, N.C.
The planning, design, and operation of land-based
wastewater management systems can be dependent
on knowledge of the amount of precipitation which
falls during the operating season. This is particularly
true for those cases where soils with low permeability
limit the hydraulic load. Precipitation probabilities for
selected periods at 93 weather stations have been
compiled to assist planners, designers, and others
having a need for this type of information. The 93 sta-
tions selected represent a cross section of the differ-
ing precipitation patterns across the United States.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Sewage
treatment. Soil properties, Volume, Permeability,
Design criteria, Probability theory, Rainfall, Weather
stations, Periodic variations, Tables(Data), Seasonal
variations, United States, Land application.
PB-272 589/3 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Actlnomycetes of Sewage-Treatment Plants. Final
rept. 1975-76,
Rutgers - The State Univ., Piscataway, N.J. Waksman
Inst. of Microbiology.
Hubert A. Lechevalier, Mary P. Lechevalier, and Paul
E. Wyszkowski. Aug 77,93p EPA/600/2-77/145
Grant EPA-R-803701
See also PB-245 914.
In some activated sludge sewage treatment plants a
thick foam rich in Nocardia may be formed at the sur-
face of the secondary aeration and settling tanks. It
had previously been observed that the supernatant
from anaerobic digesters contained suspended solids
which were toxic for Nocardia. In the present study at-
tempts were made to control the foam by returning the
supernatant from digesters in four plants to the primary
system. The nocardiotoxicity of the supernatant solids
was tested to be sure that toxic material was returned
to the system. Laboratory studies showed that the ma-
terial is toxic for some bacteria and not for others.
Keywords: 'Actinomycetales, 'Sewage treatment, Ac-
tivated sludge process, Aeration, Sedimentation tanks,
Foam, Toxicity, Bacteria, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Circulation, Nocardia amarae.
PB-272 590/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Countercurrent Rinsing on a High-Speed Halogen
Tlnplatlng Line. Final rept. Feb 73-May 76,
National Steel Corp., Weirton, W. Va. Weirton Steel
Div.
D. A. Pengidore. Sep 77,94p EPA/600/2-77/191
Grant EPA-S-801989
The report describes the results of the first use of
countercurrent rinsing (involving the use of a compart-
mentized rinse tank) in high-speed strip plating lines.
The objective of using this rinse method is to reuce the
amount of water required so as to have a volume of
liquid more easily handled in recovering chemicals.
The first unknown studied was the operating perform-
ance of the multistage rinse system to determine if the
basic principles of countercurrent rinsing would hold
for a high-speed strip plating operation. Second was
the best way to recover the chemicals In the concen-
trated stream from this rinse system. The report also
describes problems encountered in recycling the con-
centrated rinse into the main plating system. It also de-
scribes new technology for solving these problems
and an alternate method Involving indirect recycling
using the detinning plant
Keywords: 'Tin coatings, 'Plating, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water pollution control, Technology, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Design criteria, Equip-
ment, Materials recovery, Halogen inorganic com-
pounds, Recirculation, Rinsing, 'Countercurrent rins-
ing process.
PB-272 591 /9 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Wastewater Demlnerallzatlon by Two-Stage
Fixed-Bed Ion Exchange Process. Final rept.,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whlttier, Calif.
Ching-lin Chen, and Robert P. Mlehle. Sep 77,85p
EPA/600/2-77/146
Contract DI-14-12-150
See also PB-272 301.
236 Vol. S3, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A 9.5 l/min (2.5 gpm) two-stage fixed bed ion ex-
change process (primary cation - primary anion - sec-
ondary cation - secondary anion) was operated on a
feed of carbon treated secondary effluent for 48
months at Pomona, California. To achieve high levels
ol regeneration efficiency regenerant was passed
counter current to the feed, and regenerant levels
were held to 17.6 g H2SO4 per liter of cation resin (1.1
Ib/cu ft) and 9.6 g NH3 per liter of anion resin (0.6 Ib/
cu ft). At this level regenerant efficiency was 65% for
the cation resin and 90% for the anion resin. IDS re-
moval for feed range of 600 mg/l to 1700 mg/l was in
excess of 90% despite the low level of regenerant
used. A single stage system (primary cation - primary
anion) was set us to determine resin lifetime perform-
ance. The same feed and regenerant was used as in
the two-stage system. During a 32 month period the
cation resin was regenerated over 7,000 times and the
anion resin was regenerated almost 2,000 times. No
evidence of any deterioration was observed. The
system consistently achieved 70% TDS removal. Esti-
mates are presented on treatment costs as a function
of plant capacity and feed TDS based on the data gen-
erated.
Keywords: "Ion exchange resins, 'Sewage treatment,
•Demineralizing, California, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Regeneration, Brines,
Water reclamation, Life(Durability), Design criteria, Ef-
ficiency, Feasibility, Carbon, Absorption, Process
charting, Pomona(California), Water reuse.
PB-272 593/5 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Influence of Recycling Beef Cattle Waste on Indi-
gestible Residue Accumulation. Final rept. 1 Jul 74-
31 Aug 76,
Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater.
Donald G. Wagner, Barbara A. Ackerson, and Ronald
R. Johnson. Aug 77,85p EPA/600/2-77/175
Grant EPA-R-803274
Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of
feces recycling in beef cattle diets (rations) on the di-
gestibility of various dietary nutrients and on the accu-
mulation of indigestible residues. Feces were refed in
three successive phases based primarily upon the
quantity of feces produced in the previous phase. Sev-
eral different roughage levels In high concentrate ra-
tions were considered. An attempt was made to inves-
tigate the digestibility of various nutrient parameters In
feces when refed and the roughage value of feces.
Mineral retention data and the accumulation of various
minerals in the fecal and urinary residues were studied.
Varying levels of feces in growing/maintenance ra-
tions were investigated along with trie efficiency of uri-
nary nitrogen (N) as a supplemental N source.
Keywords: *Feces, *Beef cattle, 'Diets, 'Animal nutri-
tion, Digestion(Biology), Feeding stuffs, Nutrients,
Residues, Growth, Maintenance, Agricultural wastes,
Ammonia, Nitrogen, Roughness, Urine, Oklahoma,
Manure.
PB-272 594/3 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Determination of Kinetics of Phosphorus Mineral-
ization In Soils under Oxidizing Conditions. Final
fept.,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Dept. of Agronomy.
Y. V. Subbarao, and Roscoe Ellis, Jr. Aug 77,74p
EPA/600/2-77/180
Grant EPA-R-803936
In search of a better approach to predict phosphorus
movement in soils from applied wastewaters, reac-
tions of added orthophosphates were studied in 9 dif-
ferent soils with widely varying physical and chemical
properties. Information obtained on the nature and rate
of P reaction will be coupled with P adsorption data to
oerive mathematical models for P movement in soils
from applied wastewaters. Compounds having higher
solubility than variscite were formed which changed to
crystalline variscite with time upon adding
Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O to acid soils. Monocalcium phos-
phate monohydrate in alkaline soils transformed to rel-
atively Insoluble CaHP04.2H20, CaHP04,
Ca3(PO4)2, Ca4H(P04)3.2 1/2 H20, and
CalO(OH)2(P04)6. The rate of transformation in both
acid as well as alkaline soils was P rate dependent;
slower with increased P rates.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Soils, 'Water pollution,
'Sewage treatment, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Industrial
wastes, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Solubility, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Waste disposal, Adsorption, X ray analysis, X ray dif-
fraction, Oxidation, 'Path of pollutants, Land disposal.
PB-272 595/0 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Management of Gas and Leachate In Landfills:
Proceedings of the Annual Municipal Solid Waste
Research Symposium (3rd) Held at St. Louis, Mis-
souri on March 14,15 and 16,1977,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Shankha K. Banerji. Sep 77,299p* EPA/600/9-77/
026
Grant EPA-R-804859
See also PB-251 161.
Contents: Current research on land disposal of munici-
pal solid wastes; Summary of office of solid waste gas
and leachate activities; State of Missouri solid waste
management activities; Region VII solid waste activi-
ties; Landfill research activities in Canada; The effects
of industrial sludges on landfill leachates and gas; In-
fluence of municipal solid waste processing on gas
and leachate generation; Effect of moisture regimes
and other factors on municipal solid waste stabiliza-
tion; Leachate production and viral survival from land-
filled municipal solid waste; Design criteria for gas mi-
gration control devices; Modeling of leachate and soil
interactions in an aquifer; Aerial detection techniques
for landfill pollutants; Pollutant migration patterns from
landfills; Land disposal criteria and compliance moni-
toring relative to leachate and ground water; Attenu-
ation of leachate pollutants by soils; Effect of munici-
pal landfill leachate on the release of toxic metals from
industrial waste; Compatibility of liners with leachate;
Predicting cadmium movement through soil as influ-
enced by leachate characteristics; Analytical methods
for leachate analysis; Leachate treatment of biological
and physical-chemical methods - summary of labora-
tory experiments; Leachate treatment by soil methods;
Attenuation of PCB's by soil materials and char
wastes; Vegetation kills in landfill environs; Effects on
soils and plants from applications of composted mu-
nicipal solid waste; Land cultivation of municipal solid
waste; Implications of price incentives for solid waste
management; Effects of decomposition gases on land-
fill revegetation at TVA's land between the lakes; List
of attendees.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
•Meetings, Gases, Leaching, Collection, Industrial
wastes, Gas flow, Monitors, Ground water, Water pol-
lution, Land reclamation, Vegetation, Soil properties,
Heavy metals, Water analysis, Environmental impacts,
Management planning, Contaminants, Transport prop-
erties, Cost estimates, Field tests, Laboratory tests,
Linings, Water pollution detection.
PB-272 596/8 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Determining Input Variables for Calculation of
Impact of New Source Performance Standards:
Worksheets for Chemical Processing Industries.
Final task rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethesfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
333p EPA/450/3-76/018b
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also PB-272 324.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as Input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendix 4B
of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for the Chemical
Process Industry.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Regula-
tions, 'Chemical industry, Standards, Performance
evaluation, Combustion products, Air pollution control,
Sources, Emission factors.
PB-272 597/6 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
The Status of Indoor Air Pollution Research 1976.
Final rept. on Phase 1.
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
May 77, 502p GEOMET-EF-547, EPA/600/4-77/029
Contract EPA-68-02-2294
Numerous research projects have examined the oc-
currences of air pollution in outdoor and workplace en-
vironments. A smaller, newer body of research has ex-
amined air pollution in nonworkplace, indoor environ-
ments. A new emphasis on measures to conserve
energy in buildings, curbing heat loss through reduced
indoor-outdoor air exchange, has encouraged interest
in the relation between indoor and outdoor air quality,
building energy conservation, and the potentials for
adverse health effects from indoor air pollution in non-
workplace environments. A review of this body of re-
search is the subject of this report. The preparation of
this report required a comprehensive survey and as-
sessment of the state-of-the-art of indoor air pollution
research described in published literature and unpub-
lished ongoing research.
Keywords: 'Public health, Surveys, Energy conserva-
tion, Sources, Sulfur dioxide, Air pollution, Sulfates,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, In-
organic nitrates, Oxidizers, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Monitoring, Mathematical models, Technology, Build-
ings, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Aero-
sols, Toxicity. Respiratory diseases, Hazards, Pulmo-
nary neoplasms, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Threshold limit values, Syn-
erglstic effects of air pollutants, Photochemical oxi-
dants, Health risks, Cancer, Tobacco smoke.
PB-272 603/2 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Catalytic Hydrodechlorlnatlon of Polychlorlnated
Pesticides and Related Substances: An Executive
Summary.
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Spring, Md.
Sep 77,61 p EPA/600/J8-77/013
Contract EPA-68-03-2460
A study was undertaken of the catalytic conversion of
chlorinated pesticides and other undesirable chlorinat-
ed compounds to acceptable compounds. This study
shows that chlorine can be catalytically removed and
replaced by hydrogen to produce relatively non-toxic
hydrocarbons. The batch process involves use of a
supported nickel catalyst, ethanol as solvent, and
sodium hydroxide as an acid-acceptor of the hydrogen
chloride by-product. A reactivity sequence is estab-
lished based on carbon-chlorine bonding wherein ole-
flnlc chlorine is the least reactive. Reaction models are
determined for Aroclor 1248 and DDE. Removal of
ortho-substituted chlorine is the limiting reaction in hy-
drodechlorlnatlon of Aroclor. Aldrin and dieldrin are the
most difficult compounds to hydrodechlorinate be-
cause of steric hindrance. Removal of aromatic chlo-
rine is the limiting reaction in the hydrodechlorination
of DDT and DDE.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Catalysis, Aldrin, Dieldrin, DDT, Chemical re-
actors, Pesticides, Laboratory equipment, Chemical
reactions, Reaction kinetics, Mass spectroscopy, Hy-
drogenation, Dechlorination, * Hydrodechlorination,
'Environmental chemical substitutes, Procedures,
Aroclor 1248, DDE Insecticide, Toxaphene, Dichlorodi-
phenyltrlchloroethane, Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-
dichloro, Dimethanonaphthalenes.
PB-272 604/0 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Assessment of Urge-Scale Photovoltaic Materi-
als Production. Final rept.,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsville, Ala.
Huntsville Research and Engineering Center.
Martin G. Gandel, Paul A. Dlflard, D. Richard Sears, S.
M. Ko, and S. V. Bourgeois. Aug 77,128p' LMSC-
HREC-TR-D497252.EPA/600/7-77/087
Contract EPA-68-02-1331
December 1983 237
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Solar cell production at rates needed to supply con-
tinuously 1% of projected U.S. power requirements in
the year 2000 is examined. Si and CdS are followed
from raw material extraction to finished cell; GaAs is
reviewed less thoroughly. Numerical data are devel-
oped for air, water, and solid wastes, and compared
with corresponding effects of equivalent coal-electric
power. Mass and energy balance data are derived
from flow sheets developed for this report. For Si,
major problems requiring engineering solutions are
material and energy inefficiencies. Very large byprod-
uct streams should be eliminated to increase yield by
as much as 59% or decrease air pollutant releases by
37% on a process weight basis. Power consumption in
cell production creates indirect air pollutant emissions
over half as large as those created by the coal-burning
plants silicon might replace. CdS and GaAs are not as
energy inefficient. Their metallic raw materials are
themselves byproducts of other smelting operations.
Atmospheric cadmium releases, and the potential for
Cd or As spills are major problem areas.
Keywords: 'Solar cells, 'Photovoltaic cells, 'Econom-
ic analysis, 'Commodity management, Silicon solar
cells, Cadmium sulfide solar cells, Gallium arsenides,
Raw materials, Production, Solar energy conversion,
Photovoltaic conversion, Management planning, Solid
waste disposal, Environmental impacts, Pollution, Tox-
icity, Process charting, Silicon chlorides, Forecasting.
PB-272 605/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Underground Mine Drainage Control Snowy
Creek-Laurel Run, West Virginia, Feasibility Study.
Rept. forJul73-Mar77.
West Virginia Dept. of Natural Resources, Charleston.
Jun77,144p EPA/600/2-77/114
Contract EPA-S-802644
Prepared by Baker-Wibberley and Associates, Inc.,
Hagerstown, Md.
A study was conducted at the Snowy Creek - Laurel
Run basin near Terra Alta, West Virginia, to determine
the feasibility of demonstrating mine drainage control
by known abatement techniques in abandoned coal
mine areas having shallow overburden. The basin con-
tains two abandoned mining complexes that have ex-
tensively deep-mined the Lower Kittanning coal found
in the Mount Carmel syncline. Associated mine pool
discharges are responsible for 90 percent of AMD pol-
lution in Snowy Creek which discharges into the
Youghiogheny River (now being considered as a part
of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System). Only
one-third of the Snowy Creek - Laurel Run basin is af-
fected by AMD. Additional inundation and stabilization
of the mine pools were judged necessary to reduce the
AMD pollution. The recommended approach was to
use continuous clay core dams, a mine pool level con-
trol lake and movable wall bulkhead seals to increase
the size of the mine pools. It was felt that this abate-
ment approach was feasible.
Keywords: "Coal mines, 'Drainage, 'Water pollution
abatement, Regulations, Surface mining, Land recla-
mation, Government policies, National government,
State government, Water quality, Climate, Sampling,
Monitors, Water analysis, Hydrology, Site surveys,
Clays, Sealing, Geological maps, Soil properties, Cost
estimates, West Virginia, Snowy Creek, Laurel Run,
'Mine acid drainage, Water pollution sampling, Terra
Atta(West Virginia).
PB-272 613/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Quantification of Dust Entralnment from Paved
Roadways. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 77,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Chatten Cowherd, Jr., Christine M. Maxwell, and
Daniel W. Nelson. Jul 77,90p EPA/450/3-77/027
Contract EPA-68-02-1403
This report presents the results of a field testing pro-
gram to develop emission factors for fugitive dust en-
tralnment from paved urban roads. Substantial evi-
dence has been compiled which indicates that dust
emissions from city streets are a major cause of nonat-
tainment of national air quality standards for total sus-
pended particulars (TSP). Therefore, the quantifica-
tion of this source is necessary to the development of
effective attainment and maintenance strategies. Field
testing was conducted at representative sites in the
Kansas City area. At one location, controlled amounts
of pulverized top soil and gravel fines were applied to
the road surface. The basic measurements consisted
of isokinetic exposure and concentration profiles of air-
borne dust, particle size distributions, dust deposition
profiles, surface dust loading, and traffic characteris-
tics. In addition, conventional high-volume samplers
were used to determine attenuation of TSP concentra-
tion with distance from the source. Emissions are
found to vary directly with traffic volume and surface
loading of silt (fines). The dust emission factor for nor-
mally loaded urban streets ranges from 1 to 15 g/vehi-
cle-km, depending on land use. Approximately 90% of
the emissions (by weight) is less than 30 micrometers
in diameter and 50% less than 5 micrometers in diam-
eter.
Keywords: *Dust, 'Particles, 'Pavements, Sources,
Standards, Roads, Field tests, Particle size distribu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Management plan-
ning, Sampling, Wind erosion, Air pollution, Sites, Nu-
merical analysis, Traffic, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air
quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Kansas City(Missouri),
Emission factors.
PB-272 614/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Burner Design Criteria for NOx Control from Low-
Btu Gas Combustion. Volume I. Ambient Fuel
Temperature. Final rept. Sep 75-Oct 76,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III. Applied Com-
bustion Research.
Donald R. Shoffstall. Aug 77,120p EPA/600/7-77/
094a
Contract EPA-68-02-1360
The report gives results of a research program initiated
to characterize problems associated with retrofitting
existing utility boilers with low- and medium-Btu gases
produced using commercially available coal conver-
sion processes. All experimental results were gathered
from a pilot-scale furnace fired with a movable-vane
boiler burner at a heat input of 0.66 MW (2.25 million
Btu/h). The synthetic gases tested, ranging in heating
value from 3.7 to 11.2 MJ/cu m (100 to 300 Btu/SCF),
were produced using a natural gas reformer system.
Data were collected to permit a comparison between
natural gas and the synthetic gases in the areas of
flame stability, flame length, flame emissivity, furnace
efficiency, and NOx emissions. Flame stability was
found to be very sensitive to fuel jet velocity. An injec-
tion velocity of 30.5 m/s (100 ft/s) was found to be op-
timum. Flame length decreased with increasing mov-
able-vane angle (swirl of the combustion air): flames of
the synthetic gases tested generally were shorter than
those of natural gas. Good agreement was obtained
between measured and calculated flame emissivities.
Some boiler modifications would be necessary to
maintain rating when burning gases of less than 7.5
MJ/cu m (200 Btu/SCF) heating value. NO emissions
were ordered by adiabatic flame temperature. The NO
emissions data yielded an activation energy of 153
kcal/mole compared to kinetic model predictions of
I35kcal/mole.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Burners, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Temperature, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Manufactured gas, Pilot plants, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Flames, Electric
power plants, Fuel consumption, Coal gasification,
Process charting, Furnaces, Boilers, 'Low btu gas,
' Medium btu gas.
PB-272 615/6 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
TOC, ATP and Respiration Rate as Control Param-
eters for the Activated Sludge Process. Final rept.
25 Jul 74-24 Jul 75,
Hillsboro Sewage Treatment Plant, Oreg,
Clarence Ortman, Tom Laib, and C. S. Zickefoose. Sep
77, 72p EPA/600/2-77/142
Grant EPA-R-802983-01-1
Prepared by Stevens, Thompson and Runyan, Inc.,
Portland, Oreg.
This research was conducted to determine the feasibil-
ity of using TOC, ATP and respiration rates as tools for
controlling a complete mix activated sludge plant han-
dling a significant amount of industrial waste. Control
methodology was centered on using F/M ratio which
was determined by the TOC of the Influent to the aera-
tor and the TOC (or ATP) of the return sludge. Process
control was affected manually and based on 5 to 7 de-
terminations per day. Respiration rates were used to
indicate the need for increased or decreased sludge
aeration time. Process control decision making was
aided by the use of a programmable calculator. Proc-
ess control information was set up so that operators
could input plant data and receive printed instructions
for process setting. Functional programs included
return rates, mode changes, wasting rates, respiration
rate and corrected settlometer volume.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Activated
sludge process, Respiration, Carbon, Feasibility,
RatesfPer time), Aerators, Process control, Ratios,
Adenosine phosphates, Equipment, Municipalities,
Recommendations, Ohio, 'Total organic carbon,
'Adenosine triphosphates, Hillsboro(Ohio).
PB-272 620/6 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Reuse of Municipal Wastewater for Groundwater
Recharge. Final rept. Oct 74-Jun 77,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Curtis J. Schmidt, and Ernest B. Clements, III. Sep 77,
154p EPA/600/2-77/183
Contract EPA-68-03-2140
A survey of groundwater recharge operations with mu-
nicipal wastewater effluent was conducted. It was
found that this activity is being practiced at 10 sites in
the U.S. with a total capacity of 77 MGD. The most
successful employ percolation with alternate flooding
and drying cycles. Well injection can be successful but
only if rigorous control of injected water quality is main-
tained. Clogging of recharge wells is the major prob-
lem. At the sites surveyed reasonable success has
been achieved over periods ranging from 1 to 20
years.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Waste water reuse,
'Ground water recharge. Surveys, Municipalities, Per-
colation, Flooding, Drying, Recharge wells, Inorganic
salts, Cost analysis, Potable water, Injection, Soil
water, Pathology, Monitoring, Design criteria, Water
reclamation, California, Water quality.
PB-272 621/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Defoliation of Cotton, State-
of-the Art. Final rept. Fob 75-Feb 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
J. A. Peters, and T. R. Blackwood. Jul 77,134p MRC-
DA-708, EPA/600/2-77/107g
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-271 697.
The report describes a study of air pollutants emitted
during the defoliation or desiccation of cotton prior to
harvest. (Defoliation is the process by which leaves
are abscissed from the plant by the action of topically
applied chemical agents. Desiccation by chemicals is
the drying or rapid killing of the leaf blades and petioles
with the leaves remaining in a withered state on the
plant.) Emissions of defoliants were DEF, Folex, and
sodium chlorate. Emissions of desiccants were arsenic
acid and paraquat. Source severity for emissions from
a representative source were 0.69 f or -0.32 for ar-
senic acid, 0.30 for paraquat, 0.44 for sodium chlorate,
and 0.67 for DEF. (Source severity is a measure of the
hazard potential of a representative emission source;
for this source type, It was defined as the ratio of the
time-averaged ground level concentration of the spe-
cies emitted at the downwind perimeter of a repre-
sentative field undergoing spraying for defoliation or
desiccation, to a time-adjusted exposure factor related
to TLV.) Existing control technology for aerial applica-
tion of pesticides Includes the use of fluid additives and
nozzle design/orientation to reduce chemical drift.
Future control technology considerations include the
use of foam spray systems, multiple needle nozzle
systems, and the replacement of chemical defoliation
with thermal defoliation.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Cotton plants, "Defoliants,
'Air pollution control, 'Herbicides, 'Desiccants,
Sources, Sodium inorganic compounds, Chlorates, Ar-
senic acid, Concentration(Compositlon), Sulfur organic
compounds, Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Tech-
nology, Forecasting, Aerosols, Hazardous materials,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Reviews, Folex,
DEF-6, Paraquat herbicide, Sodium chlorate, Emission
238 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
factors, 'Fugitive emissions, Phosphorotrithious acid/
s-s-s-(tributyT-ester), Phosphorotrithioic acid/s-s-s-(tri-
butyl-ester), Bipyridinium/dimethyl, Environmental
chemical substitutes.
PB-272 637/0 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Minimizing Salt In Return Flow Through Irrigation
Management. Interim rept. 4 Dec 73-5 Dec 76.
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, Calif. Salinity
Lab.
Jul 77,128p Pub-613, EPA/600/2-77/134
Two field experiments are being conducted in south-
western Arizona to investigate the potential of reduc-
ing the salt load in irrigation return flow by decreased
leaching. Three leaching treatments of 5, 10, and
20%, replicated nine times for citris and five times for
alfalfa, were established and compared with conven-
tional flood irrigation management. Results on citrus
indicate that leaching percentages of 8, 11, and 22
were achieved, compared to 47% on the border flood
check. The best estimate of the annual evapotranspir-
ation of citrus is 1400 mm. Reduced leaching has not
adversely affected fruit quantity or quality. If leaching
were reduced to 20%, the volume of drainage from the
3000 ha of citrus in the district would be decreased.
Keywords: 'Salinity, "Irrigation, Management, Leach-
ing, Water quality, Citrus trees, Leguminous plants,
Drainage, Evapotranspiration, Soil compacting, De-
salting, Colorado River Basin, Arizona, 'Return flow,
Gila project.
PB-272 639/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Heavy Metal Pollution from Spillage at Ore Smelt-
ers and Mills. Final rept. Jun 72-Oct 74.
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y. Environmental Systems
Dept.
Aug77, 125pCALSPAN-ND-5189-M-1, EPA/600/2-
777171
Contract EPA-68-01-0726
Smelter and mill wastewater outfalls, receiving water,
biota, slag heaps, tailings ponds, streams, and coal-
burning fly ash dumps were sampled as part of this
effort to determine the effect of effluent or residual
spillage on aquatic systems. Up to 17% lead, 0.1%
cadmium and 5 ppm thallium were found in sediments
of streams used for irrigation and drinking water below
copper and zinc extractive industries in high runoff re-
Sjpns. Groundwater infiltration in the Northwest and
Ozarks provides mine drainage water which is used as
process water in mills. This water transports potentially
toxic wastes into naturally erosive bottom sediments
thereby contaminating the food chain. Prevention
techniques recommended here include separation of
waste streams, protection of tailing dams from flood
erosion, and recycle of mill and smelter wastewater.
Excess water discharged can be treated with lime at
elevated pH to precipitate heavy metals and to prevent
leaching of sediment already in streams.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Water pollution, 'Heavy
metals, 'Smelting, 'Beneficiation, Copper ores, Zinc
ores, Lead ores, Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
Campling, Drainage, Tailings, Slags, Sediments, Bio-
mass, Aquatic biology, Thallium, Cadmium, Arsenic,
indium, Ecology, Streams, Surface water runoff, Trace
elements, Dust, Toxicity, Fly ash, Transport properties,
Water pollution control, Separation, Water pollution
sampling, Mine wastes, Water pollution
effects(Piants), Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-272 646/1 PC A05/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Assessment of Wsste-to-Energy
Processes: Source Assessment Document,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
*• P. Ananth, L. J. Shannon, and M. P. Schrag. Aug 77,
81 p'EPA/600/7-77/091
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-256 310.
The program has the overall objective of Identifying
environmental impacts which might result from waste-
io-energy conversion processes. These processes are
categorized, on a generic basis, as: (a) waterwall incin-
erators; (b) combined firing systems; (c) thermocheml-
cal (pyrolysis) processes; (d) hog-fuel boilers; (e) bio-
chemical systems; and (f) advanced combustion sys-
tems such as the CPU 400. This report discusses con-
stituents in solid waste primarily with the idea of illus-
trating the diverse nature of the feedstock used in such
systems. Also presented is an environmental impact
analysis based on the contribution of each waste-to-
energy conversion system to criteria and other major
pollutants. Where emission data were lacking, engi-
neering judgment was used to identify probable levels.
A simplified methodology for a preliminary environ-
mental assessment is illustrated. An overview of each
of the waste-to-energy conversion systems including
their pollution potential and applicable control technol-
ogy is also contained in this document. The status of
such systems as well as their locations, capacities and
processing steps involved is identified, to the extent
possible.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Combustion, 'Rec-
lamation, 'Air pollution, Environmental impacts, Parti-
cle size, Fly ash, Flue gas, Incinerators, Pyrolysis,
Firing, Refuse disposal, Fuel oil, Coal, Wood wastes,
Boilers, Monitors, Trace elements, Toxicity, Electric
power plants, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Anaerobic digestion,
Fuels, Mathematical analysis, Chemical analysis, As-
sessments, Sources, 'Refuse derived fuels, Air pollu-
tion sampling, Particulates.
PB-272 652/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Impact of Nearstream Vegetation and Stream
Morphology on Water Quality and Stream Biota.
Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
James H. Karr, and Isaac J. Schlosser. Aug 77,103p
EPA/600/3-77/097
Contract EPA-68-01-3584
As man modifies watersheds by removal of natural
vegetation and stream channelization, dlsequilibria In
both the terrestrial and aquatic environments result.
These disequilibria are the major problem In controlling
sediments and nutrients from non-point sources and
improving the quality of the stream biota. In this report
the authors review the literature dealing with (1) the
possible use of near stream vegetation to reduce the
transport of sediment and nutrients from the terrestrial
to the aquatic environment and decrease stream tem-
perature fluctuations, (2) the effect of stream morphol-
ogy on sediment transport, and (3) how near stream
vegetation and stream morphology affect the biota of
streams. The results of this review suggest proper
management of near-stream vegetation and channel
morphology can lead to significant improvements in
both the water and biological quality of many streams.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Geomorphology, 'Channel
improvements, ^Water pollution, Streams, Sediment
transport, Water pollution control, Nutrients, Reviews,
Water quality management, Temperature, Fluid filters,
Water law, Agriculture, Recreation, Flooding, Channel
morphology, Nonpoint sources, Habitats.
PB-272 663/7 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Evaluation of an Existing Lagoon
System at Eudora, Kansas. Final rept. 1974-76,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Ross E. McKlnney. Sep 77,240p EPA/600/2-77/167
Contract EPA-68-03-2059
The wastewatar lagoons at Eudora, Kansas, consist of
three cells in series and were placed Into operation In
May, 1972. These lagoons were designed for a popu-
lation of 4000. Currently, the sewered population of
Eudora Is 2200. The lagoons were studied In detail
from September, 1974, through August, 1975. Analy-
ses were made twice weekly for 8 months and daily for
4 months. The results indicated the raw wastewater
characteristics were normal for a small residential
community. The wastewater lagoons produced typical
results with temperature having the greatest impact on
the microbiology and their biochemical reactions. The
effluent quality from the treatment system was deter-
mined primarily by the growth and suspension of the
algae. While the effluent BODS generally met the 30
mg/l effluent criteria, the effluent suspended solids
concentrations far exceeded the 30 mg/l criteria. Re-
moval of the effluent suspended solids would produce
a well treated effluent with a high degree of removal of
nitrogen and phosphorus as well as BODS.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Solids, "Sewage treat-
ment, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollution,
Kansas, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Chemical analysis, Solids, Oxidation, Algae, Nutrients,
Bacteria, Biochemistry, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Flow(Rate), 'Eudora(Kansas), 'Water quality
data.
PB-272 654/5 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Control of Sewer Overflows by Polymer Injection.
Final rept.,
Dallas Water Utilities Dept., Tex.
R. W. Chandler, and W. R. Lewis. Sep 77,182p EPA/
600/2-77/189
Grant EPA-11020-DZU
See also PB-185 951.
In the past, the operator of a sewage collection system
has had three alternatives for dealing with overloaded
sanitary sewers; ignoring them, diverting them to storm
sewers and streams, or pumping to other locations. An
EPA-sponsored research program entitled, 'Polymers
for Sewer Flow Control,1 Contract No. 14-12-34, sug-
gested a possible alternative system wherein the ca-
pacity of a sewer might be increased by the injection of
certain water-soluble chemicals to reduce turbulent
friction. This concept was further developed and dem-
onstrated during this project, EPA Grant entitled,
'Elimination or Reduction of Sanitary Sewer Overflows
in the Bachman Creek Sewershed,' which was execut-
ed in Dallas, Texas. This report was prepared to help
operators of sanitary sewage collection systems deter-
mine the feasibility of using turbulent friction reduction,
designing an injection facility, choosing a friction re-
ducing material, and evaluating the results.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Poly-
mers, 'Injection, Feasibility, Solubility, Turbulent flow,
Friction, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
"Drag reducing fluids.
PB-272 655/2 PC A03/MF A01
A Rapid Assessment of the Toxicity of Three
Chlorinated Cyclodlene Insecticide Intermediates
to Fathead Minnows. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert L. Spehar, Gilman 0. Veith, David L. DeFoe,
and Barbara A. Bergstedt. Aug 77,33p EPA/600/3-
77/099
A rapid assessment study to determine the toxiclty and
bioaccumulatlon of three chlorinated cyclodtene insec-
ticide Intermediates; hexachlorocyclopentadiene, hex-
achloronorbornadiene, and heptachloronorfaornene to
fathead minnow larvae and early juveniles was con-
ducted for 30 days under flow-through conditions. A
concentration of 7.3 micrograms/liter of hexachlorocy-
clopentadiene caused significant decreases in survival
after 4 days. Growth of fish exposed for 30 days was
not significantly decreased at any of the concentra-
tions tested. The highest concentration of hexachloro-
cyclopentadiene having no adverse effect was 3.7 ml-
crograms/llter. Concentrations of 122 and 226 micro-
grams/liter of hexachloronorbornadiene caused sig-
nificant decreases in survival after 4 days. Growth of
30 day-old larvae was significantly decreased at 38.4
micrograma/lrter and was the most sensitive indicator
of toxiclty. Survival of fathead minnows exposed to
heptachloronorbornene was significantly decreased at
83.5 micrograms/liter after 4 days. The highest con-
centration having no adverse effect was 25.9 micro-
grams/liter. The average bloconcentration factor for
fish exposed to less than 40 micrograma/liter of this
compound In water was 11,200.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Minnows, Statisti-
cal analysis, Toxicology, Assessments, Larvae, Bio-
assay, Fresh water fishes, Growth, Pesticides, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Residues,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Exposure, Recommen-
dations, Tables(Data), Lethal dosage, Experimental
data, Bioaccumulatlon, Fathead minnows, Plmephales
promelas, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Cycle-
pentadiene/hexachloro, 'Norbomadlene/hexachloro,
"Norbornene/heptachloro, Maximum permissible ex-
posure level.
December 1983 239
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-272 656/0 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Treatment and Disposal of Wastes Pumped from
Septic Tanks. Final rept.,
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Conn.
John J. Kolega, Arthur W. Dewey, Benjamin J.
Cosenza, and Robert L. Leonard. Sep 77,170p EPA/
600/2-77/198
Grant EPA-17070-DKA
The study identified methods of treating and disposing
of septic tank sludge (septage). Biological, chemical,
and physical properties of septage were determined
and curves were developed for designing septage
treatment facilities. Two processes were tested for
treating and disposing of septage. Injecting septage in
the soilappears to be practical, out is limited to periods
when the ground is not frozen. A bench and pilot proc-
ess that reduced BODS, COD, and Kjeldahl nitrogen by
93 percent or more consisted of anaerobic diqestion-
aeration-sand filtration. Consideration was given to
treating septage in publicly owned wastewater treat-
ment plants with municipal wastewater. Criteria for de-
sirable receiving facilities were developed.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, *Solid waste disposal,
'Sludge disposal, 'Septic tanks, Soils, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Injection, Pilot plants, Anaerobic
processes, Nitrogen, Aerobic processes, Cost analy-
sis, Sampling, Design criteria, Land disposal, Sewage
sludge disposal, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-272 657/8 PC A06/MF A01
Johnson and Anderson, Inc., Pontiac, Mich.
Effects of Flow Equalization on the Operation and
Performance of an Activated Sludge Plant. Final
rept.,
Ypsilanti Township, Mich.
Gerald W. Foess, James G. Meenahan, and David
Blough. Aug 77,110p EPA/600/2-77/138
Grant EPA-S-801985
Prepared in cooperation with Johnson and Anderson,
Inc., Pontiac, Mich.
A plant-scale research program was carried out for
more than a year to evaluate the impact of flow equal-
ization on the 14,000 cu m/day (3.7 mgd) upgraded
activated sludge plant at Ypsilanti Township, Michigan.
Process streams were characterized under both
equalized and unequalized flow conditions with re-
spect to BOD, COD, TSS and forms of nitrogen and
phosphorus. The equalization system was effective in
leveling influent diurnal flow variations but was limited
in its ability to dampen variations in wastewater con-
centration and mass flux. Some biochemical action ap-
parently occurred in the equalization basin, although
BOD removal was marginal and inconsistent. Analysis
of secondary effluent indicated that plant performance
was similar with and without equalized flow, suggesting
that the theoretical advantages of flow equalization
may not be achieved in manually controlled plants. An
examination of theoretical power costs for equalized
and unequalized flow conditions indicated that the use
of flow equalization did not result in power cost econo-
mies.
Keywords: *Flow control, "Activated sludge process,
'Sewage treatment, Concentration(Composition),
Flow rate, Process charting, Design criteria, Equip-
ment, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Nutrients,
Mass flow, TabTes(Data), Michigan, Cost analysis, Yp-
silanti Township(Michigan).
PB-272 664/4 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Sampling of Water and Wastewater. Final rept.,
EG and G Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc.,
Rockville, Md.
Philip E. Shelley. Aug 77,322p* EPA/600/4-77/039
Contract EPA-6-99-3131
Supersedes report dated Sep 76, PB-259 946.
Water and wastewater sampling is discussed within
the context of a water quality monitoring program. The
general characteristics of the source flows are de-
scribed, and the mechanics of polydisperse systems
as they affect sample gathering are discussed. It is
pointed out that the collection of a sample that is rep-
resentative of the source in all respects is a frequently
underrated task, especially insofar as suspended
solids are concerned. The various types of samples
are defined, compared, and their use indicated. Other
practical considerations addressed include frequency
of sampling, site selection, and sample quantity, pres-
ervation, and handling. Recommendations on when to
use manual versus automatic sampling are given.
Each of the elements of an automatic sampler is dis-
cussed from the viewpoint ot design considerations in
order to help the reader a-, ^ess the ability of a particu-
lar unit to meet his needs. Commercially available
samplers and some custom designed equipment are
reviewed. Recommended field procedures for sam-
pling are given, and a review of automatic sampler per-
formance is provided. An appendix provides, in a
common format, 102 descriptions covering over 250
models of commercially available automatic samplers
and 16 descriptions of custom built devices.
Keywords: 'Sampling, 'Reviews, 'Wastewater, Moni-
toring, Samplers, Sites, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Materials handling, Quality assurance,
Measuring instruments, Field tests, Automation, Water
pollution, Surface water, Sewage, Industrial wastes,
Sediments, Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
Sources, Overflows, 'Water pollution sampling, water
quality, Procedures, Water pollution detection.
PB-272 665/1 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Impact of Abandoned Wells on Ground Water.
Final rept. 1975-77,
National Water Well Association, Worthington, Ohio.
Tyler E. Gass, Jay H. Lehr, and Harold W. Heiss, Jr.
Aug 77,62p EPA/600/3-77/095
Grant EPA-R-803889
The impact of unplugged wells on ground-water re-
sources is discussed, including a review of case histor-
ies and a survey of state laws concerning well aban-
donment procedures. Model regulations are suggest-
ed to guide those states where existing regulations are
ineffective or non-existent.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water wells, Abandon-
ment, Law(Jurisprudence), States(United States),
Regulations, Water quality, Leakage, Damage, Well
casings, Sewage disposal, Degradation, Ordinances,
Seals(Stoppers), Aquifers.
PB-272 686/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Seasonal Effects on Temperature Preference In
Yellow Perch, 'Perca flavescens'. Final rept. May
73-May 75,
Wilfrid Laurier Univ., Waterloo (Ontario). Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
Robert W. McCauley. Aug 77,35p EPA/600/3-77/088
Grant EPA-R-802467
Seasonal variations in temperature preferences of
adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were sought by
acclimating fish captured in the fall to 5, 10, 15, and
20C in the laboratory and determining their preferred
temperatures in a horizontal temperature gradient
trough. Temperatures selected in winter for fish accli-
mated to 5C ranged from 12 to 14C, considerably
above the temperature region (6C and below) previ-
ously established for optimum gametogenesis. Final
preferenda as determined from preferred temperature-
acclimation temperature curves were 24, 20, and 17C
during winter, spring and summer respectively. It Is
concluded that there are no demonstrable effects, at
least in winter and early spring which might reflect
changing physiological needs and that temperature
gradients in nature serve rather to attract perch to
warm temperatures suitable for spawning in spring and
conducive to growth in summer.
Keywords: "Temperature, 'Perch, "Fresh water biol-
ogy, Temperature gradients, Animal behavior, Accli-
matization, Animal migrations, Reproduction(Biology),
Seasonal variations, Ecology, Aquatic animals, 'Perca
flavescens.
PB-272 668/5 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Field Prototype Demonstration of the Swirl De-
gritter. Final rept.,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Richard H. Sullivan, James E, Ure, and Paul Zielinski.
Sep 77, 77p EPA/600/2-77/185
Grant EPA-S-803157
See also PB-234 646.
A prototype swirl degritter was tested by the Metropoli-
tan Denver Sewage Disposal District No. 1. The unit
was designed to duplicate the grit removal device
needed to degrit the underflow from the proposed swirl
concentrator as a combined sewer overflow regulator
at Lancaster, Pennsylvania under EPA Grant No.
S802219 (formerly 11023 GSC). Degritting is consid-
ered in Lancaster to protect pumps and prevent silt-
ation in the interceptor. The 1.8 m (6 ft) diameter
device was designed for a flow of 65.6 I/a (1.3 mgd). It
was found that under the physical arrangements in
Denver, testing with domestic sanitary wastewater, the
swirl unit performed at slightly less efficiency than the
conventional aerated grit unit which was operating at
less than twice the normal flow-through rate. The char-
acteristics of the grit removal from the swirl degritter
were excellent and particles of 0.3 mm (.012 in.) were
removed. Analyses of grit removal was accomplished
with three Chasick sampling units. Blasting sand was
added to provide extremely nigh concentrations of 0.2
mm (.008 in.) particles (lower definition of grit) to dupli-
cate the concentrate from the swirl regulator. It was
found that the unit could efficiently remove the small
particles at the high concentrations. It was concluded
that the degritter could be used for domestic
wastewater, combined sewer overflows, or urban
stormwater runoff treatment. The absence of moving
parts in the basic unit and small relative volume 1:10
(compared to conventional grit chambers) may make
the unit particularly desirable for many applications. A
comparison of the present worth of the cost of con-
struction, operation, and maintenance for a 20 year life
indicates that the swirl degritter is from 26 to 38 per-
cent less costly than a conventional aerated grit cham-
ber.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Grit removal, Design criteria,
Spirals(Concentrators), Concentration(Composition),
Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Concentrators,
Management planning, Grit chambers, Comparison,
'Swirl degritters, 'Storm water runoff, Swirl concentra-
tors.
PB-272 669/3 PC A14/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Metabolic Interactions of Hormonal Steroids and
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Effects of Neonatal
Treatment with o,p'-DDT on the Development of
the Steroldogenlc Endocrine System of the Male
Rat.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
Kenneth Lyle Campbell. Sep 77,324p EPA/600/1 -77/
042
Grant EPA-R-800637
The study generated approaches to the meas-
urements of the potential of xenobiotics to alter repro-
ductive capacity and viability which may allow improve-
ment of those currently in use. More specifically, it
identified the effects of neonatal exposure to the
model compound, o,p'-DDT (1,1,-trichloro-2-(2-chloro-
phenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane), on the developing
steroidogenic endocrine system of the model animal,
the male rat. The effect of exposures by direct injec-
tions before day 5 of age and by indirect treatment via
an o,p'-DDT injected dam were examined initially by
measurement of growth, organ weights, organ histolo-
gy, and of serum corticosterqne and ((itemizing hor-
mone (LH). Later experiments included determinations
of the effects of o,p -DDT on the serum LH responses
to challenges of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis with
adult castration and repeated injections of luteinizing
hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). The results are
discussed in relation to previous work on steroids and
o,p'-DDT in several animal systems, to possible mech-
anisms, to prospective experiments and to the original
goal of the research.
Keywords: *DDT, "Chlorohydrocarbons,
"Reproduction(Biology), "Pesticides, "Steroids, "En-
docrine system, Infants, Exposure, Hormones, Biosyn-
thesis, Metabolism, Pituitary hormones, Pharmacol-
ogy, Biochemistry, Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Bloassay, Males, Injections(Medicine), Xenobio-
tics, Animal models, Luteinizing hormone.
PB-272 678/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
240 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reclamation of Surface Mined Coal Spoils. Final
rept,
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington.
Dept. of Agronomy.
Richard I. Barnhisel. Aug 77,69p EPA/600/7-77/093,
.CSRS-1
Grant CSRS-684-15-3
Prepared in cooperation with Cooperative State Re-
search Service, Washington, D.C.
Field experiments were established in western Ken-
tucky on four types of surface-mined coal spoils.
These areas were selected to represent the extremes
in spoil materials commonly encountered in reclama-
tion. This report presents evidence that mine spoils
may be successfully reclaimed when proper levels of
fertility have been restored. With the provision for re-
taining rainfall on the spoils, yields of mixed legume-
fescue forage exceed 4 metric tons per hectare (2 TV
acre). These yields are equal to or greater than those
of adjacent non-mined land. The advantage of a rough
surface created by ripping or subsoillng was obtained
at all levels of applied phosphorus. It was found that
phosphorus and water are more commonly the limiting
factors in obtaining an adequate degree of vegetative
cover and associated forage yield than the acidic
nature of spoils. However, in acidic spoils lime must be
incorporated in order to effectively improve the grow-
ing conditions.
Keywords: *Coal mining, "Surface mining, 'Land rec-
lamation, 'Soil properties, Cultivation, Spoil, Vegeta-
tion, Soil fertility, Geology, Soil water, Phosphorus, Soil
chemistry, Additives, Terrain, Roughness, Plant
growth, Mulches, Calcium oxides, Subsurface struc-
tures, Soils, pH, Kentucky, Mine wastes, 'Coal mine
spoil, Mine acid drainage, Subsoiling.
PB-272 679/2 PC A03/MF A01
Sampling for Organic Chemical* and Microorgan-
isms In the Subsurface. Rept. for Jul 75-Jan 77,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
William J. Dunlap, James F. McNabb, Marion R. Scalf,
and Roger L Cosby. Aug 77,36p EPA/600/2-77/176
Procedures currently used by the Ground Water Re-
search Branch of the Environmental Protection
Agency for sampling for organic pollutants and micro-
organisms in ground waters and subsurface earth
solids are presented. Technology is described for con-
struction of wells capable of providing representative,
uncontaminated samples of ground water in compact
alluvial formations at relatively shallow depths and for
obtaining cores of subsurface earth solids suitable for
organic and microbial analyses in similar circum-
stances. Methods for acquisition of grab samples of
ground water suitable tor total organic and microbial
analyses and for analyses of volatile organics are pre-
sented. Continuous sampling of organics in ground
waters lying within approximately 7.5 m (25 ft) of the
surface by sampling units using selected absorbents is
described, including details of adsorbent columns,
configuration of and housings for sampling systems,
and sample handling. Procedures for handling and
processing of core materials to produce samples ame-
nable to analytical methods for organics and microor-
ganisms are also presented. The procedures de-
scribed provide a basic capability for sampling for or-
low subsurface environments, and have potential ap-
plication in many investigations pertaining to ground-
water pollution. Additional research is needed, howev-
er, to further evaluate, improve, and extend their capa-
bilities.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Microorganisms,
Ground water, Chemical analysis, Technology, Sub-
surface investigations, Sampling, Soil analysis, Water
analysis, Water pollution, Monitoring, Blomass, Labo-
ratory equipment, Cores, 'Water pollution detection,
Water quality.
PB-272 680/0 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Sewer Infiltration and Inflow Control Product and
Equipment Guide. Final rept. Jun 74-Dec 76,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
William S. Foster, and Richard H. Sullivan. Jul 77,93p*
EPA/600/2-77/017c
Grant EPA-S-803151
The report lists and discusses new and existing equip-
ment, materials, and practices available to prevent the
entry of unwanted water into the sewer system from in-
filtration and inflow, and thereby needlessly usurping
the capacity of the sewerage system. The report has
six sections covering: A description of sewer cleaning
techniques and equipment needed to help locate
points of infiltration and inflow and to improve the ac-
curacy of flow measurement; a review of flow-meas-
urement equipment and techniques needed for a de-
termination of the quantity of infiltration and inflow; an
examination of equipment and practices used to in-
spect the sewers and locate the entry points of un-
wanted water. This involves closed-circuit television,
photographic inspection, low-pressure air testing, and
smoke inspection; a discussion of current sewer-grout-
ing practices, equipment, and material, concentrating
on the acrylamide gel and the elastomeric grouting
compound; a review of insertion pipe for rehabilitation,
sewer fittings, and a brief discussion of trench backfill-
ing monitored by nuclear soil-density meters; and an
examination of safety practices that should be fol-
lowed when crews undertake the task of controlling
sewer infiltration and inflow.
Keywords: 'Fluid infiltration, 'Flow control, 'Sewers,
Equipment, Cleaning, Flow measurement, Volume, In-
spection, Grout, Pipes, Backfills, Detection, Pipe fit-
tings, Safety, Radiation measuring instruments,
Density(Mass/volume), Soils, Municipalities.
PB-272 681/8 PC A20/MF A01
Proceedings of National Symposium on Food
Processing Wastes (8th) held on March 30 - April
1,1977 In Seattle, Washington.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Aug 77,463pf EPA/600/2-77/184
The Proceedings contains copies of 29 of the 31
papers presented at the Eighth National Symposium
on Food Processing Wastes. Subjects included: proc-
essing modifications, product and by-product recov-
ery, wastewater treatment, water recycle and water
reuse for several segments of the food processing in-
dustry. These segments included: red meat and poul-
try, seafood, dairy, fruit, and vegetable. Attendance at
the two and one-half day Symposium was approxi-
mately 200 with good representation by industry, uni-
versities, consulting firms, as well as state and Federal
agencies.
Keywords: 'Food processing, 'Meetings, 'Water pol-
lution control, Filtration, Brines, Revisions, Byproducts,
Materials recovery, Industrial waste treatment, Guide-
lines, Canneries, Sludges, Anaerobic process, Stand-
ards, Water pollution control, Odor control,
Lagoons(Ponds), Assessments, Residues, Seafood,
Tomatoes, Fruits, Vegetables, Feedstuffs, Proteins,
Dairy, Poultry, Preservatives, Water reuse, Meat pack-
ing industry, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB-272 684/2 PC A14/MF A01
Management of Bottom Sediments Containing
Toxic Substances,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Spencer A. Peterson, and Karen K. Randolph. Jul 77,
303p EPA/600/3-77/083
Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Experts' Meeting (2nd),
Held at Tokyo, Japan on October 1976.
The United States-Japan Ministerial Agreement of
May 1974 provided for the exchange of environmental
information in several areas of mutual concern. This
report is the compilation of papers presented at the
Second U.S.-Japan Experts' Meeting on the Manage-
ment of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic Sub-
stances, one of the 10 Identified problem areas.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings,
Ocean bottom, Dredging, Coasts, Mud, Fishes, Methyl
alcohol, Mercury(Metai), Trace elements, Ecology,
Lakes, Spoil, Metals, Land reclamation, Sewage dis-
posal, Law(Jurlsprudence), Soil stabilization, United
States, Japan, Mercury/methyl, Heavy metals.
PB-272 6S7/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Regeneration of Chromated Aluminum Deoxldlz-
ers. Improved Diaphragm Fabrication and Per-
formance. Final rept. Nov 73-Oct 75,
Boeing Commercial Airplane Co., Seattle, Wash.
Harry C. Hicks, and Donald F. Sekits. Sep 77,40p D6-
22251-16, EPA/600/2-77/194
Grant EPA-S-803064
See also report dated Dec 73, PB-231 835.
In the metal finishing industry highly concentrated hex-
avalent chromium solutions are used extensively to
deoxidize aluminum surfaces prior to anodizing, con-
version coatings, prepaint preparation, welding and
adhesive bonding. A regeneration process was con-
ceived and tested to reduce the frequency of discard-
ing the spent chromated deoxidizers. The engineering
techniques developed in this project involve reoxida-
tion of triyalent chromium to the hexavelent state by
electrolysis thru a diaphragm plus removal of undesira-
ble dissolved metals by crystallization and separation.
Results of the accomplished work establish that re-
generation of chromated aluminum deoxidizers is fea-
sible, practical and economical. In the second phase
of this project diaphragm fabrication techniques were
refined to produce an improved diaphragm in terms of
cost and performance. In addition, electrolytic regen-
eration equipment installed in a large production tank
for six months exceeded technical and economic ob-
jectives.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Water pollution control,
* Diaphragms(Engineering),
'Regeneration(Engineering), Fabrication, Aluminum,
Chromium, Toxicity, Performance evaluation, Cost
analysis, Reclamation, Chemical cleaning, Recircula-
tion, Crystallization, Design criteria, Chromating, Elec-
trolysis, Deoxidizers, Metal finishing industry, Water
pollution control equipment.
PB-272 688/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Electrodlalyals for Closed Loop Control of Cya-
nide Rinse Waters. Final rept.,
Keystone Lamp Mfg. Co., Slatington, Pa.
George W. Bodamer. Aug 77,46p EPA/600/2-77/161
Grant EPA-S-803304
Prepared in cooperation with International Hydronics
Corp., Princeton, N.J. See also rept. dated Dec 73, PB-
231 263.
Full scale demonstration of electrodialysis for closed
loop treatment of brass plating cyanide rinse waters
was conducted in the Keystone Lamp Manufacturing
plant at Slatington, Pa. In treatment of actual rinse
water, the system was only one-quarter as effective as
anticipated. Numerous attempts to improve the effi-
ciency of the installation were unsuccessful and the
work was terminated. Laboratory studies indicated that
the failure was caused by a reduction In the permse-
lectlvity of the anlon membranes. It Is believed that an
insoluble zinc compound or zinc complex anion was
retained on the membrane and reduced its permselec-
tivity. To avoid future failures, the membranes need to
be laboratory tested on actual waste waters before a
full-scale demonstration. In this study the electrodialy-
sis system was tested on sodium copper cyanide solu-
tions, whereas the actual rinse waters contained
sodium copper zinc cyanide.
Keywords: 'Electrodialysls, 'Feedback control,
'Cyanides, 'Electroplating, "Water pollution control,
Industrial waste treatment, Metal finishing, Perform-
ance evaluation, Failure, Forecasting.
PB-272 689/1 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oil Spill and OH Pollution Reports. Quarterly rept.
Feb-Apr 77,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul
Nordln. Jun 77,340p EPA/600/2-77/111
Grant EPA-R-805052
See also report dated Nov 76-Jan 77, PB268 248.
This issue contains summaries of articles, reports, pat-
ents, documents, and other materials relating to oil
pollution published during the period 1974 to 1977
(Section I); summaries and status of current research
projects (Section II); and current oil-related confer-
ences (Section III). Subjects covered Include all as-
pects of aquatic and terrestrial oil pollution. Items In
Section I are categorized by seven major subdivisions
which are divided Into thirty-one specific subject cate-
gories. These are presented in the Table of Contents.
Patents and patent applications are announced under
December 1983 241
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
appropriate subject categories. Subject and author in-
dexes for entries in Section I are provided at the end of
the report. A list of the periodicals reviewed in prepar-
ing this series appears in the Appendix. Section II pre-
sents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives,
and current status information and/or resulting publi-
cations provided upon request by the principal investi-
gators or performing organization. Section III, Current
Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive infor-
mation on recently held and upcoming conferences
relevant to any aspects of oil pollution. Conference
dates are listed; and, when information is available,
titles, authors, and abstracts of conference papers are
included. All information for this section was obtained
from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and from re-
sponses to written inquiries concerning the meetings.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution,
'Bibliographies, Oil pollution control, Monitoring,
Remote sensing, Sampling, Water analysis, Sources,
Chemical analysis, Containment, Cleaning, Materials
recovery, Reclamation, Recycling, Environmental im-
pacts, Economic analysis, Regulations, Legislation,
Marine biology, Offshore drilling, Oil wells, Govern-
ment policies, National government, Transport proper-
ties, Patents, Meetings, Oil pollution detection, Water
pollution detection, Oil pollution removal, Waste recy-
cling, Water pollution effects(Animals), Contingency
planning.
PB-272 701/4 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oemlnerallzatton of Sand-Filtered Secondary Ef-
fluent by Spiral-Wound Reverse Osmosis Proc-
ess. Final rept. Jul 71-Jun 73,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whittier, Calif.
Ching-lln Chen, and Robert P. Mlele. Sep 77,49p
EPA/600/2-77/169
Contract DI-14-12-150
A 22.7 cu m/day (6,000 gallons/day) spiral-wound re-
verse osmosis pilot plant, was operated at the Pomona
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Research Facility
on the sand-filtered secondary effluent. The pilot plant
study was conducted under optimum operating condi-
tions based on previous studies. During the first year of
operation, all the system performance parameters,
such as salt rejection, water recovery, and product
water flux rate, were only slightly decreased from their
initial values. However, the salt rejection and product
water flux rate were substantially reduced to almost
half of their initial values after a two year operation
period. During this same two year period, the water re-
covery was found to decline about 15 per cent of its ini-
tial value. A cost estimate for a 37,850 cu m/day (10
MGD) plant for August, 1973 cost figures indicated
that for membranes with only one-year life the process
cost was about 16.5 cents/1,000 liters (63.5 cents/
1000 gallons). However, the cost could be substantial-
ly reduced to 12.4 cents/1,000 liters (47.5 cents/1,000
gallons) for membranes with two-year life. Both cost
estimates did not include the costs for sand filtration
pretreatment and brine disposal.
Keywords: 'Sand filtration, 'Demineralization,
•Sewage treatment. Pilot plants, Performance evalua-
tion, Desalting, Cost analysis, Flux(Rate). Membranes,
Design criteria, Life(Durability), Reverse osmosis,
Brines, 'Reverse osmosis membranes, 'Desalination
plant(1-10 MGD), 'Spiral wound membranes,
Pomona(California).
PB-272 702/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Effects of Septic Tank Systems.
Rept. for 1976-77,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Marion R. Scalf, William J. Dunlap, and James F.
Kreissl. Aug 77,43p* EPA/600/3-77/096
Septic tank-soil absorption systems are the most
widely-used method of on-site domestic, waste dispos-
al. Almost one-third of the United States population
depends on such systems. Although the percentage of
newly constructed homes utilizing septic tanks is de-
creasing, the total number continues to increase. Prop-
erly designed, constructed, and operated septic tank
systems have demonstrated an efficient and economi-
cal alternative to public sewer systems, particularly in
rural and sparsely developed suburban areas. Howev-
er, because of their widespread use in unsuitable situa-
tions, they have also demonstrated the potential for
contamination of ground and surface waters.
Keywords: 'Septic tanks, 'Sewage disposal, 'Water
pollution abatement, Environmental impacts, Adsorp-
tion, Rural areas, Mountains, Ground water, Surface
waters, Design, Regulatir-.o, Water pollution control,
Sludge disposal, Leaching, Trends, Water wells, Okla-
homa, Remote areas.
PB-272 710/5 PC A02/MF A01
Status of Iodine In Formaldehyde-Preserved Milk •
Revisited. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering
Branch.
Daniel M. Montgomery, and James E. Gibson. 20 Oct
76.6p EPA/600/J-77/047
Pub. in Note Health Physics, v32 p562-565 1977.
The effect of formaldehyde as a preservative for milk
prior to radiochemical analysis for 1311 was studied.
Results suggest that the formaldehyde concentration
is critical and that at low formaldehyde concentrations
(<0.5 M) significant protein binding of iodine occurs.
Various alternatives for preserving milk prior to analy-
sis for 1311 and stable iodide by the specific ion elec-
trode method are presented.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Isotopic labeling, 'Iodine
131, 'Milk, Preservatives, Dairy products, Radioactive
contaminants, Samples, Electrodes, Chemical analy-
sis, Concentration(Composltion), Food industry, Re-
prints, Specific ion electrodes.
PB-272 722/0 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Studies of the Pressurized Fluldlzed-Bed Coal
Combustion Process. Rept. for Aug 75-Jul 76,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
R. C. Hoke, R. R. Bertrand, M. S.Nutkis, D. D. Kinzler,
and L A. Ruth. Sep 77,214p GRU.16GFGS.77, EPA/
600/7-77/107
Contracts EPA-68-02-1312, EPA-68-02-1451
See also report dated Sep 76, PB-260 478.
The report gives results of studies of the environmen-
tal aspects of the pressurized fluidized-bed coal com-
bustion process, using two experimental facilities: a
218 kg coal/hr miniplant continuous combustion/sor-
bent regeneration system (0.63 MW equivalent), and a
13 kg coal/hr batch combustion unit. Combustion
studies were conducted to characterize the emissions
of SO2, S03, NOx, particulates, and CO from the com-
bustors as a function of combustion conditions.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Air pollution
control, Fluidized-bed combustion, Fluidized bed proc-
essing, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Limestone, Dolomite(Rock), Calcium oxides, Pilot
plants, Design, Drawings, Performance tests, 'Coal
combustion.
PB-272 726/7 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Full-Scale Operation of a Single-Stage Nltrlflca-
tlon-Denltrlficatlon Plant. Final rept. 1 Mar 75-29
Nov 76,
Owego Town Water and Sewer Dept., N.Y.
Donald E. Schwinn, Donald F. Storriee, and Daniel G.
Thorne. Aug 77, 84p EPA/600/2-77/088
GrantEPA-803618
Prepared in cooperation with Stearns and Wheler, Ca-
zenovia, N.Y.
The major objective of this study was to operate a full-
scale single-stage nitrification-denitrification plant
without methanol addition to determine the feasibility
and reliability of the process, the design features
needed to be incorporated by engineers, and the oper-
ating techniques to be employed to ensure optimum
performance. Because nitrification-denitrification can
become more difficult to operate under extreme cold
wastewater temperatures, a full-scale plant located at
Owego, New York, was selected which performs under
wastewater temperatures ranging from 8 degrees to
22 degrees C. Alternating aerobic-anoxlc conditions
were achieved in completely mixed reactors by the on-
off cycling of mechanical aerators. The following re-
sults and conclusions were determined from these
studies: Single-stage nitrification-denitrification is a
viable nitrogen removal process; and, nitrogen remov-
als of from 76 to 86 percent were normally accom-
plished with hydraulic retention times of 13 to 27
hours, depending upon wastewater temperature and
strength. BOD and suspended solids reductions were
well above 90 percent.
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Water pollution control, 'Ac-
tivated sludge process, Nitrogen, Feasibility, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Anaerobic process-
es, Monitoring, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutri-
ents, Industrial wastes, Process charting, Revisions,
Phosphorus, Forecasting, Sampling, "Denitrification,
'Water quality.
PB-272 755/0 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Stormwater Runoff on Urban Area* of Steep
Slope. Final rept. Sep 75-Dec 76,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champalgn. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Ben Chle Yen, Ven Te Chow, and A. Osman Akan. Sep
77,105p EPA/600/2-77/168
Contract EPA-68-03-0302
A research is conducted to Investigate the applicability
of commonly used urban storm runoff prediction
models to drainage basins with steep slopes. The hy-
draulics of runoff on steep slope areas is first reviewed
and Its difference from that for mild slope areas is dis-
cussed. Next the difficulties in applying commonly
used methods to steep slope basins are presented, ft
appears that most engineers are not aware of the
problems associated with runoff from steep slope
areas and they do not realize that the numerical results
given by the conventionally used methods, if obtain-
able, may not be reliable. A simple approximate
method specifically for steep slope basins is proposed
and an example Is provided. The example utilizes the
data from the Baker Street Drainage Basin In San
Francisco.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Storms, 'Slopes, 'Drainage,
'Baker Street Basin, Urban areas, Hydraulics, Math-
ematical models, Storm sewers, Rainfall,
Tables(Data), California, Storm water runoff, 'Urban
hydrology, San Francisco(California), Unit hydro-
graphs.
PB-272 757/6 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
St. Louis Demonstration: Refute Processing Plant
Equipment, Facilities, and Environmental Evalua-
tions. Final rept. Sep 74-Sep 75,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
D. E. Fiscus, P. G. Gorman, M. P. Schrag, and L. J.
Shannon. Sep 77,349p EPA/600/2-77/155a
Contracts EPA-68-02-1324, EPA-68-02-1871
See also PB-243 634.
This report presents the results of processing plant
evaluations of the St. Louis-Union Electric Refuse Fuel
Project, including equipment and facilities as well as
assessment of environmental emissions at both the
processing and power plants. Data on plant material
flows and operating parameters, plant operating costs,
characteristics of plant material flows, and emissions
from various processing operations were obtained
during a testing program encompassing 53 calendar
weeks. Refuse derived fuel (RDF) Is the major product
(80.6% by weight) of the refuse processing plant, the
other being ferrous metal scrap, a marketable by-prod-
uct. Average operating costs for the entire evaluation
period were $8.26/Mg ($7.49/ton). The average over-
all processing rate for the period was 168 Mg/8-hr day
(185.5 tons/8-hr day) at 31.0 Mg/hr (34.2 tons/hr).
Future plants using an air classification system of the
type used at the St. Louis demonstration plant will
need an emissions control device for particulates from
the large de-entrainment cyclone. Also In the air ex-
haust from the cyclone were total counts of bacteria
and viruses several times higher than those of subur-
ban ambient air. No water effluent or noise exposure
problems were encountered, although land-fill leach-
ate mixed with groundwater could result in contamina-
tion, given low dilution rates.
Keywords: 'Refuse disposal, 'Environmental surveys,
Electric power plants, Missouri, Operating costs, Air
pollution, Assessment, Materials recovery, Water pol-
lution, Earth fill, Noise pollution, Cost analysis, Plant
242 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
layout, Fuels, Cyclone separators, Performance evalu-
ation, Samples, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), 'Refuse de-
rived fuels.
PB-272 758/4 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Pilot Plant Evaluation of Alternative Activated
Sludge Systems. Final rept. Oct 73-Sep 75,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
James A. Heidman. Aug 77,173p EPA/600/2-77/108
Contract EPA-68-03-0349
Step feed, plug flow and complete mix activated
sludge systems were compared on a pilot plant scale
under similar operating conditions with the same mu-
nicipal wastewater. The process loading to each
system was varied over a wide range during the course
of the investigation. Extended periods of steady state
operation at constant flow provided extensive data on
effluent quality, sludge yield, settling characteristics,
etc. at several fixed F/M loadings for each of the
system configurations. All systems demonstrated that
the variability in carbonaceous effluent quality was
mostly influenced by the suspended solids concentra-
tions in the effluent over a wide range of process load-
ings. Sludge production was the same within experi-
mental error in all systems at comparable SRT's. Anal-
ysis of the aggregate data from all systems produced a
yield coefficient of 0.79 g VSS/g BODS applied and a
decay coefficient of 0.064/day. The sludge from the
complete mix system exhibited the poorest settling
characteristics. A step feed system was found to offer
the best physical arrangement for secondary treat-
ment of District of Columbia wastewater.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Combined sewers, Substitutes, Pilot plants,
Performance evaluation, Tables(Data), Design criteria,
Process charting, Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Plug
flow reactors.
PB-272 759/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Development Status and Environmental Hazards
of Several Candidate Advanced Energy Systems.
Final rept. Dec 75-Feb 76,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsville, Ala.
Huntsville Research and Engineering Center.
Morris Penny, and Sidney Bourgeois. Jun 77,111 p*
EPA/600/7-77/062
Contract EPA-02-1331
The report gives a review of the development status of
several advanced energy concepts and discusses the
primary environmental hazards of each system. Sys-
tems reviewed include potential new sources of
energy and improved energy conversion. Each system
is evaluated with respect to its development status,
and estimates made as to when each will begin to con-
tribute significantly to U.S. energy needs. Appraisals
were made of the environmental impact of each
system including assessment of the adequacy of pollu-
tion control technology and potential gross ecological
impact. Considering both the expected environmental
impact and period of technology break through/com-
mercialization, the following order of R&D priorities on
the candidate energy systems has been developed:
high temperature turbines, ocean thermal gradients,
windmills, magnetohydrodynamlcs, metal vapor (po-
tassium) Rankine topping cycles, hydrogen fuel cells,
thermionics, electrogasdynamics, and thermoelectric
conversion.
Keywords: 'Energy conversion, 'Electrlfc power gen-
eration, 'Technology assessment, Magnetohydrodyn-
amlc generation, Hydrogen fuel cells, Fuel cells,
Ocean thermal energy conversion, Wind power, Tur-
bines, Windmills, Thermionic conversion, Thermoelec-
tric converters, Thermionic converters, Electrohydro-
dynamics, Potassium, Thermal efficiency, Benefit cost
analysis, Environmental impacts, Forecasting, Potas-
sium vapor topping cycles, Electrogasdynamics.
PB-272 760/0 PC A05/MF A01
Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Resources, Har-
risburg.
Soda Arti Treatment of Neutralized Mine Drain-
age. Final rept. Jun 70-Dec 75,
Gwln, Dobson, and Foreman, Inc., Altoona, Pa.
David A. Long, James L. Butler, and Michael J.
Lenkevich. May 77,76p EPA/600/2-77/090
Grant EPA-14010-ELB
Utilization of acid mine drainage (AMD) streams as a
source of potable and industrial water has become a
major goal of several proposed AMD treatment
schemes. From among the various schemes available,
the lime neutralization/soda ash softening process
was selected for use at Altoona, Pennsylvania. The
treatment plant, as constructed, has the capability of
treating waters from Kittanning Run (acid mine pollut-
ed) alone or in combination with waters from other city
sources to achieve: (1) neutralization and iron removal
to levels satisfactory for stream release, (2) softening
to approximately 100 mg/l CaC03 hardness for munic-
ipal use, and (3) softening to a hardness of 200 mg/l
CaCO3 or higher to meet industrial use requirements.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the techni-
cal and economic feasibility of softening neutralized
AMD waters by means of the cold lime/soda ash proc-
ess. The study was conducted full-scale at the Altoona
Treatment Plant located near the Horseshoe Curve
area of Altoona, Pennsylvania. Unit processes em-
ployed at the plant consisted of lime neutralization,
aeration, settling, soda ash softening, recarbonation,
and filtration.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Mine waters, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Neutralizing, Calcium oxides, Sodium
carbonates, pM, Water softening, Industrial waste
treatment, Iron, Water treatment, Filtration, Water-
sheds, Process charting, Economic analysis, Pennsyl-
vania, 'Mine acid drainage, Altoona(Pennsylvania).
PB-272 761/8 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Foam Glass Insulation from Waste Glass. Final
rept.,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Materials Science
and Engineering.
Wendell G. Oakseson, June-Gunn Lee, S. K. Goyal,
Thayne Robson, and Ivan B. Cutler. Aug 77,140p*
EPA/600/3-77/030
Grant EPA-R-800937-02
Waste glass has proven to be effective for the produc-
tion of foam glass insulation both in the bulk or rigid
board form and pellet form. Problems inherent with the
use of water, carbon black and calcium carbonate as
the foaming agents, have been identified and many
have been solved by various techniques. Water was
found to be best suited for micrometer sized particles
to 0.6 cm pellets, while carbon and CaCO3 yielded
better products for larger objects. Large amounts of
water can be rapidly incorporated into glass by using a
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution in a heated auto-
clave. Smaller amounts can be incorporated into the
glass by placing pellets formed by adding NaOH to a
glass-clay mixture and directly heating in a furnace.
The foaming process with carbon black was examined
by analysis of the density, pore size, and open porosity
of the foamed piece. Also, the addition of clay made
foam glass less soluble to water.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Glass, 'Cellular
glass, Refuse disposal, Recycling, Thermal insulation,
Foaming, Production, Chemical reactions, Water, Au-
toclaving, Carbon black, Pellets, Marketing, Calcium
carbonates, Sodium hydroxide, Clays, 'Glass recy-
cling.
PB-272 762/6 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Irrigation Wastewater Disposal Well Studies-
Snake Plain Aquifer. Final rept. Nov 73-Sep 76,
Idaho Dept. of water Resources, Boise.
William G. Graham, Darrel W. Clapp, and Thomas A.
Putkey. Jun 77,64p EPA/600/3-77/071
Grant EPA-R-802931
An Investigation was conducted to evaluate the Impact
of irrigation disposal well practices on the water quality
of the Snake Plain aquifer. A study site was selected
where the geology was determined to be characteristic
of areas in the Snake River Plain where irrigation dis-
posal wells are extensively used. Alternating perme-
able and dense basalt layers underlie the discharge
site. The aquifer at the project site was defined as a
leaky artesian groundwater system. Initial quality of the
artesian groundwater was found to be within Idaho
drinking water standards. Pesticides, herbicides, and
trace metal concentrations in the irrigation wastewater
were within drinking water standards. Total and fecal
coliform bacteria and sediment were the only contami-
nants found in irrigation wastewater in excess of drink-
ing water standards.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Aquifers, 'Irrigation,
'Water pollution, Ground water recharge, Potable
water, Pesticides, Herbicides, Trace elements, Metals,
Standards, Runoff, Snake River, Recharge wells,
Concentration(Composition), Percolation, Turbidity,
Bacteria, Injection, Sediments, Idaho, Trace metals,
Ground water movement.
PB-272 763/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Multipurpose Gelling Agent and Its Application to
Spilled Hazardous Materials. Final rept.,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
J. G. Michalovic, C. K. Akers, R. E. Baier, and R. J.
Pilie. Aug 77,57p EPA/600/2-77/151
Contract EPA-68-03-2093
Previously, a blend of materials was formulated that
would spontaneously gel a wide variety of hazardous
liquids. This blend, known as the Multipurpose Gelling
Agent (MGA), has been optimized to obtain a balanced
formulation that will effectively gel and immobilize
most spilled hazardous liquids within minutes. The cur-
rent formulation, consisting of four powdered polymers
and one inorganic powder, has the ability to immobilize
spilled liquids with the least amount of material in the
shortest period of time. In field testing of the powdered
blend, it was observed that when air conveyance
modes of dispersal were employed high losses oc-
curred due to the effects of wind. Three compressed
and granulated forms of the gelling agent were devel-
oped which are clearly superior to the original pow-
dered blend for delivery to liquid spill targets. Various
off-the-shelf dry solid dispersion devices were evaluat-
ed and the most promising systems field tested on
simulated and actual spill targets, both in pools and in
linear ditches. The results show that MGA provides an
efficient means to mitigate the damages from hazard-
ous liquid spills.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Gelling agents,
Performance evaluation, Dispersion, Physical proper-
ties, Environmental surveys, 'Liquid wastes, 'Hazard-
ous materials spills.
PB-272 769/1 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Tests with Early Life Stages of Fish
for Predicting Long-Term Toxlclty. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Dulutn, Minn.
James M. McKim. 17 Jan 77,10p EPA/600/J-77/046
Pub. in Jnl. of Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
V34n8p1148-1154 1977.
Partial and complete life-cycle toxicity tests with fish,
involving all developmental stages, have been used
extensively in the establishment of water-quality crite-
ria for aquatic life. During extended chronic exposures
of fish to selected toxicants, certain developmental
stages have frequently shown a greater sensitivity
than others. In 56 life-cycle toxicity tests completed
during the last decade with 34 organic and Inorganic
chemicals and four species of fish, the embryo-larval
and early juvenile life stages were the most, or among
the most, sensitive. Tests with these stages can be
used to estimate the maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) within a factor of two in most
cases. Therefore, toxicity tests with these early life
stages of fish should be useful In establishing water-
quality criteria and In screening large numbers of
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxlclty, 'Fishes, 'Water pol-
lution, Life cycles, Metals, Sewage, Blphenyl, Chlorine
organic compounds, Survival, Evaluation, Growth,
Concentration(Composltlon), Time, Exposure, Sensi-
tivity, Predictions, Reprints, Blphenyl/chloro, Polychlo-
rlnated blphenyls.
PB-272 770/9 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Dual Alkali Test and Evaluation Program. Volume
II. Laboratory and Pilot Plant Programs. Final rept.
May 73-Apr 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
December 1983 243
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
C. R. LaMantia, H. R. Lunt, J. E. Oberholtzer, E. L.
Field, and J. R. Valentine. May 77,342p EPA/600/7-
77/050b
Contract EPA-68-02-1071
See also Volume 1, PB-269 904.
Volume II of the report covers Tasks I and II of a three-
task program to investigate, characterize, and evalu-
ate the basic process chemistry and the various oper-
ating modes of sodium-based dual alkali scrubbing
processes. The tasks were: I, laboratory studies at
both Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL) and IERL-RTP; II, pilot
plant operations in a 1200 scfm system at ADL; and III,
a prototype test program on a 20 MW dual alkali
system at Plant Scholz. Dual alkali system operating
modes on high and low sulfur fuel applications investi-
gated included: concentrated and dilute dual alkali sys-
tems, lime and limestone regeneration, and slipstream
sulfate treatment schemes. For each mode, the dual
alkali process was characterized in terms of S02 re-
moval, chemical> consumption, oxidation, sulfate pre-
cipitation and control, waste solids characteristics, and
soluble solids losses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, Pilot plants, Scrubbers, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Sulfates, Calcium oxides, Experi-
ments, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Sodium,
Sulfuric acid, Physical properties, Process charting,
Solids, Performance evaluation, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing, 'Alkaline scrubbing, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB-272 780/8 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Flocculatlon-Flotatlon Aids for Treatment of Com-
bined Sewer Overflows. Final rept,
Hercules, Inc., Cumberland, Md. Allegany Ballistics
Lab.
N. F. Stanley, and P. R. Evans. Aug 77,92p EPA/600/
2-77/140
Contract DI-14-12-855
The objectives of this study were to investigate the
flocculation/flotation characteristics of combined
sewer overflow through laboratory and field testing.
The concept involves the introduction of chemicals
and buoyant flotation aids into the overflow and the
subsequent coflocculation of the suspended sewage
solids about the aids which rise to the surface from
where they may be removed by skimming. Recovery,
cleaning and reuse of the flotation aids was judged es-
sential to economic feasibility for the flocculation/flo-
tation process. This deficiency, coupled with the over-
all mechanical complexity of the process, resulted in
the investigation concluding that the flocculation/flota-
tion process is not as promising for broad field applica-
tion to the storm overflow problem as the similar dis-
solved air flotation process.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Flocculating, Field tests, Laboratories, Flo-
tation, Separators, Flotation reagents, Solids, Skim-
ming, Sewage, Air, Recovery, Cleaning, Efficiency.
PB-272 783/2 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Assessment of Techniques for Detoxification of
Selected Hazardous Materials. Environmental pro-
tection technology series,
Edgewood Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.
Benard J. Brown, Milton K. Christensen, Bernie E.
Hackley, Jr., Ronald L. Kassel, and Gerald J. Kolaja.
Aug 77,46p EPA/600/2-77/143
A review and evaluation of available processes for de-
toxification of the first group of hazardous materials
was conducted during Phase 1 of the interagency
agreement (1974 calendar year). The processes used
for specific hazardous materials were identified. One
process found during this literature survey described
the reaction of PCB's with amines to give a variety of
products that were supposed to have useful proper-
ties. Two of these products that were available were
obtained and evaluated lexicologically. Both proved to
be highly toxic. Products produced by catalytic decom-
position were also evaluated for toxicity. In many
cases the products were not adequately identified
chemically and accurate toxicological evaluation could
not be accomplished.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Hazardous materials, 'De-
toxification, 'Environmental surveys, Toxicology, Ca-
talysis, Decomposition, Pesticides, Amines, Chemical
reactions, Sulfonation, Incinerators, Residues.
PB-272 784/0 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Hydrocarbon Pollutants firm Stationary Sources.
Final rept. Dec 75-Jun 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
E. C. Cavanaugh, M. L. Owen, T. P. Nelson, J. R.
Carroll, and J. D. Colley. Sep 77,333p EPA/600/7-77/
110
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The report gives results of a study of hydrocarbon pol-
lutants from stationary sources. Early in the study,
readily available information was assembled on sta-
tionary sources of hydrocarbon emissions and ef-
fluents. Information was also obtained on process de-
scriptions, operating parameters, current controls, and
control problems. As the data base was assembled,
the data was divided into major categories for subse-
quent evaluation. Pollutants from process streams
were evaluated along with fugitive emissions associat-
ed with equipment leaks (e.g., from pumps, valves, and
flanges). Emissions were also included from open
sources (e.g., forest fires) and from natural sources
(e.g., pine forests). Information in each category was
divided into logical classes and grouped for further as-
sessment of emissions and effluents from processes
and. operations. A list of the emission and effluent
rates from the processes and operations studied is in
the Appendix. Major emission and effluent sources in
each category were identified and assessed as to
source controllability. Specific processes and oper-
ations representing the greatest potential for the re-
duction of hydrocarbon emissions and effluents by the
application of central technology were selected for fur-
ther study.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, 'Environmental surveys,
Dry cleaning, Printing, Air pollution. Sources, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Technology, Fossil
fuels, Storage, Refining, Water pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Chemical industry, Forestry, Burning, Stationary
sources, Fugitive emissions.
PB-272 790/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Emergency Collection System for Spilled Hazard-
ous Materials. Final rept.
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, Pa.
Ralph H. Hiltz, and Ferdinand Roehlich, Jr. Aug 77,
97p MSAR-76-35, EPA/600/2-77/162
Contract EPA-68-03-0206
A prepackaged pumping and storage system for the
collection and temporary containment of hazardous
land spills was designed and two models developed.
Each model includes a pump, hoses, furled self-de-
ploying 26,500 I (7000 gal) capacity plastic bag array
all mounted on a pallet for transporting by pickup truck.
The first model also includes batteries, electric motor,
and starter, while the improved second model carries a
gasoline-powered pump engine and fuel. Nominal
pumping rates are 200 and 300 Ipm (50 and 80 gpm).
Commercially available components were specified.
The effect of pump speed, fluid viscosity, and vapor
pressure on flowrate were determined. Polyurethane
diking possibilities were also investigated. System
demonstrations are described.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Containment,
Pumps, Safety, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Polyurethane resins, Batteries, Equipment,
Models, Drainage, Collection, Manuals, Storage, Plas-
tic bags, Land pollution.
PB-272 796/4 PC A03/MF A01
Use of Exposure Units for Estimating Aquatic
Toxicity of Organophosphate Pesticides. Ecologi-
cal research series,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Donald T. Allison. Jul 77,36p EPA/600/3-77/077
Environmental water concentrations of organophos-
phate pesticides can be expected to fluctuate widely
due to use patterns and rapid hydrolysis. This study in-
vestigated some relationships of exposure concentra-
tion, duration and periodicity to the chronic toxicity of
diazinon to flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Effects were
compared on the basis of 'exposure units' (exposure
concentration x exposure duration). Treatments at
equivalent exposure units caused similar overall ef-
fects on the test populations regardless of the life
stages exposed or exposure duration per se. The hy-
pothesis is proposed that exposure units could be
used to estimate the environmental impact of fluctuat-
ing water concentrations of organophosphate pesti-
cides over a wide range of concentration, duration,
and periodicity.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Fresh water fishes,
"Water pollution, Diazinon,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Time meas-
urement, Phosphorus organic compounds, Phospho-
rus organic acids, Field tests, Minnesota, Periodic vari-
ations, Survival, Trout, Minnows, Correlation tech-
niques, Tables(Data), 'Jordanella floridae, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Flagfish.
PB-272 804/6 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Effects of Thermal Discharges on Physlco-Cheml-
cal Processes and Water Quality, Vistula River,
Poland. Final rept. Jan 73-Dec 75,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,
Warsaw (Poland).
Jan R. Dojlido. Jun 77,184p EPA/600/3-77/074a
A study on the influence of thermal water discharge
from the Koezienice power plant on thermal regimes
and water quality of the Vistula River was carried out
between January 1973 and December 1975. Results
of field survey of the thermal plume indicate that under
non-extreme conditions of low flow and full capacity
operation (1) the maximum stretch influence of heated
water was 50 km and (2) theoretical models for esti-
mating average temperature of cross-sections down-
stream are adequate. The influence of thermal water
discharge on water quality was small and shown
mainly by decrease in dissolved oxygen and increase
in nitrite concentration.
Keywords: "Thermal pollution, "Vistula River, "Poland,
Surveys, Electric power plants, Plumes, Cooling water,
Fluid flow, Mathematical models, Temperature,
Stream flow, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Concentration(Composition), Suspended sediments,
Biochemistry, Particle size, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Tables(Data). Low flow, Koezienice power
plant.
PB-272 832/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Oil Spill: Decisions for Debris Disposal. Volume I.
Procedures Manual. Final rept. Jun 75-Aug 76,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Robert P. Stearns, David E. Ross, and Robert
Morrison. Aug 77,117p* EPA/600/2-77/153a
Contract EPA-68-03-2200
This report was prepared to guide persons responsible
for disposing of oil spill debris in selecting suitable
methods ana sites, and in carrying out effective, envi-
ronmentally safe disposal operations. Volume I is a
procedures manual useful both in office and field.
Topics covered include site selection and preparation,
method selection, implementation of three alternative
disposal methods, site monitoring requirements, and
correctional measures for possible environmental
problems. All available land disposal methods (other
than systems employing incineration) were investigat-
ed prior to selecting the three recommended alterna-
tives: land cultivation (also called landspreading),
burial, and sanitary landfilling. An outline for a training
course on oil spill debris disposal is also included.
Keywords: 'Manuals, Sites, Monitoring, Safety, Earth
fills. Cultivation, Refuse, Runoff, Water pollution. Sur-
face waters, Ground water, Leaching, Catch basins,
•Oil pollution, 'Oil spills, 'Liquid waste disposal, Land
disposal, Procedures.
PB-272 834/3 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Screening/Flotation Treatment of Combined
Sewer Overflows. Volume I. Bench Scale and Pilot
Plant Investigations. Final rept. Oct 67-Mar 75,
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Div.
244 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mahendra K. Gupta, Donald Q. Mason, Michale J.
Clark, Thomas L. Meinholz, and Charles A. Hansen.
Aug 77, 298p EPA/600/a-77/069a
Contract EPA-14-12-40
SeealsoPB-215695.
A four-layer sinusoidal sandwich plate structure, rein-
forced with micro concrete grout next to the skin faces
and hydrostatlcally pressurized with hydraulic fluid In-
ternally Is subjected to transverse load tests. The plate
Is simply supported on all four sides, and Its stiffness
variations with reinforcement and Internal pressuriza-
tlon are studied. Design parameters are suggested for
the application of this structural system to highway
usage.
Keywords: 'Sandwich panels, 'Structural engineering,
Structural analysis, Loads(Forces), Metal plates,
Steels, Cores, Reinforcing materials, Concretes,
Grout, Hydraulic fluids, Bridge decks, Pressurizing,
Transverse strength, Model tests, Microconcrete.
PB-272 863/2 PC A03/MF A01
Waatewater Facilities and the Clean Water Pro-
gram. Denver regional environmental Impact state-
ment, draft summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
1977,42p
Topics discussed In this report include the following:
The need for this EIS, Actions under consideration In
this EIS, Environmental Impacts, Mitigation of Impacts,
Major unavoidable adverse impacts, and, Significant
issues to be resolved.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
Colorado, Water pollution, Air pollution, Energy, Agri-
culture, Abatement, Land use, Recreation, Sources,
Particles, Metropolitan areas, "Denver(Colorado),
'Clean Water Act, Air quality, Water quality, Nonpoint
sources, Environmental impact statements, 'Sewage
treatment plants.
PB-272 864/0 PC A14/MF A01
Wastewater Facilities and the Clean Water Plan.
Denver regional environmental impact statement,
draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Jun 77,303p
Contents:
lntroduction-(Background, actions under
consideration in this EIS, the need for this EIS,
the options available in this EIS, the objectives
of this EIS, and report organization);
The existing environment~(Sltuation and
description of the Denver region, environmental
sensitivities, and socio-economic environment);
The proposed projects and alternatives-proposed
projects, background, EIS alternatives - point
sources, alternatives to stream discharge, and
clean water plan management alternatives);
Probable environmental impacts-(Socio-economic
impacts, cost considerations, land use change
to the year 2000, conversion of agricultural
lands, air quality Impacts, water quality, growth-
induced impacts on the region's
environmentally direct environmental impacts);
Mitigation measures--(Mitigation measures for
socio-economic impacts, mitigation measures
for air quality, mitigation of water quality
impacts, mitigation of agricultural impacts,
mitigation of energy impacts, mitigation
measures for adverse growth-induced impacts,
and mitigation measures for direct Impacts);
Unavoidable adverse impacts~(Regional
unavoidable adverse impacts, and unavoidable
adverse impacts of wastewater facility
construction and operation);
Local short-term uses versus maintenance and
enhancement of the long-term productivity of
the environment;
Irreversible and irretrievable commitment of
resources;
Coordination and public involvement;
Significant issues to be resolved.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
Colorado, Water pollution, Air pollution, Climatology,
Public health, Plants(Botany), Metropolitan areas, Ge-
ology, Soils, Hydrology, Traffic, Plutonium, Socioecon-
omics, Recreation, Abatement, Energy, Substitutes,
Management planning, Cost analysis, Land use, Agri-
culture, Biology, 'Denver(Colorado), EPA region 8,
'Clean Water Act, Air quality, Water quality, Land dis-
posal, Point sources, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-272 666/7 PC A07/MF A01
WaatewaUr Facilities and tht Clean Water Pro-
gram. Appendices. Denver regional environmental
Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
1977,141p
Contents:
Supplemental information on existing environment;
Growth-Induced impacts on the region's
environmentally sensitive area;
Clean water plan;
Technical report summary draft clean water
program.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
Colorado, Climatology, Odors, Geology, Soils, Hydrol-
ogy, Water quality, Biology, Energy, Recreation, Sites,
Land use, Traffic, Management planning, Metropolitan
areas, Air pollution, Economics, Regulations, Sources,
Industrial waste treatment, Substitutes, Populations,
Pollution control, 'Denver(Colorado), 'Clean Water
Act, Nonpoint sources, Point sources, Waste water
reuse, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-272 866/5 PC A05/MF A01
Wa»t»wat»r Facilities and the Clean Water Pro-
gram. Map*. Denver regional environmental Impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
1977,94p
The report contains maps of the following: Denver
region; Incorporated city boundaries; Physical environ-
mentally sensitive areas; Prime agricultural soils; Re-
gional drainage net; Biologically sensitive areas; Spe-
cial land use sites; Present land use In the Denver
region; Projected land use by the year 2000; and
Wastewater facility planning areas. (Color illustrations
reproduced In black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
'Maps, Colorado, Waste waters, Metropolitan areas,
EPA region 8, 'Denver(Colorado), 'Clean Water Act,
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-272 885/5 PC A11 /MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of Laachate Treatment. Volume I.
Characterization of Leachate. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Edward S. K. Chian, and Foppe B. DeWalle. Sep 77,
226p EPA/600/2-77/186a
Contract EPA-68-03-0162
An extensive analysis of organics and Inorganics
present in leachate from landfills located In different
regions of the United States was performed to evalu-
ate methods for treating leachates. Bench-scale per-
formance data and evaluation of leachate treatment
methods are reported in Volume II. Gross properties of
the leachate quality varied greatly between different
landfills. Membrane ultratiltratlon, gelpermeatlon chro-
matography, and specific organic analysis were used
to separate different molecular weight fractions and to
determine the main classes of organics and associat-
ed functional groups. The majority of the organics were
able to permeate a 500 MW UF membrane indicative
of their low molecular weight. Membrane fractionation
and organic analysis of leachate samples collected
from different landfills generally showed a decrease of
the free volatile fatty acid fraction with increasing age
of the fill. Biological degradation studies showed the
sequential removal of different classes of organics.
Four sequential phases were recognized: (1) removal
of high molecular weight humic carbohydrate-like or-
ganics; (2) removal of free volatile fatty acids; (3) re-
moval of facterlally excreted carbonyl compounds and
amino acids; (4) removal of high molecular weight car-
bohydrates produced during the third phase. Mem-
brane fractionation analysis showed that the majority
of the metals permeated the 500 MW UF membrane,
Indicating that chelation of most metals by refractory
organics In leachate plays a minor role In metal attenu-
ation processes; an exception was iron, most of which
was associated with the 100,000 MW UF retentate.
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Earth fills, 'Chemical analysis,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Molecular weights,
Carbohydrates, Filtration, Solvent extraction, Gas
chromatography, Membranes, Distillation, Fatty acids,
Carbonyl compounds, Amlno acids, Metals, Aerobic
processes, Biodeterioration, Colorlmetrlc analysis, Ul-
traflltratlon, 'Sanitary landfills.
PB-272 886/3 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Stack Teats at Kennecott Copper Corp. Haydan,
Arizona Smelter. Final rept. Aug-Dec 76,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
James Steiner, and Robert Larkin. May 77,247p
Aerotherm-FR-77-244, EPA/909/9-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -3158
In August and December 1976 at the request of EPA,
Region IX, Enforcement Division, the Aerotherm Divi-
sion of the Acurex Corporation conducted a series of
air pollutant mass emissions tests at the Ray Mines Di-
vision copper smelter of the Kennecott Copper Corpo-
ration located in Hayden, Arizona. The tests were con-
ducted at the reverberatory furnace stack In August
1976 and at the sulfurlc acid plant stack In December
1976. Tests for particulate matter (Method 5), sulfur
dioxide and sulfuric acid (Method 8) were conducted at
each location using a combined sampling train. In addi-
tion two tests for condensable particulate matter were
conducted at the reverberatory furnace stack using the
combined Method 5 and 8 sampling train with an in-
stack filter added. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Reverberatory furnaces,
'Chemical industry, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Gas analysis,
Smelters, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Regulations, Sources,
Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Air pollution,
'Copper smelters, 'Air pollution detection, EPA region
9, Hayden(Arlzona), EPA method 5, EPA method 8,
Procedures, EPA method 3, Point sources.
PB-272 889/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Movement from Cltrua
Grovea In Florida Flatwood Soils. Final rept 1 May
73-31 Dec 76,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
R. S. Mansell, D. V. Calvert, E. H. Stewart, W. B.
Wheeler, and J. S. Rogers. Aug 77,157p EPA/600/2-
77/177
GrantEPA-R-800517
Concentrations and discharge amounts of N03-N,
PO4-P, 2,4-D herbicide, terbacil herbicide, and chloro-
benzilate acarlcide were determined in surface and
subsurface drainage waters from a citrus grove locat-
ed in an acid, sandy flatwood soil of southern Florida.
The influence of fertilizer and pesticide upon water
quality was examined for citrus growing in three soil
management treatments: ST (shallow-tilled plowed to
15 cm); DT (deep-tilled and soil mixed within the top
105 cm); and DTL (deep-tilled to 105 cm and 56 Mt/ha
of dolomitic limestone mixed with the soil). Average
annual losses of NO3-N in both surface and subsur-
face drainage from ST, DT, and DTL plots were equiv-
alent to 22.1,3.1, and 5.4% of total N applied as fertil-
izer. Average annual losses of PO4-P in both surface
and subsurface drainage from ST, ST, and DTL plots
were equivalent to 16.9, 3.6, and 3.5% of total P ap-
plied as fertilizer. Deep tillage was thus observed to
greatly decrease leaching loss of N and P nutrients.
Loss of nutrients in surface runoff was very small for all
three plots. Although the magnitudes were less, deep
tillage also decreased leaching losses of terbacil and
2,4-D herbicide. Discharges of these herbicides in sub-
surface drainage were usually in the order:
ST>DTL>DT. Discharge of 2,4-D was greater from
drains with open outlets than from drains with sub-
merged outlets. Discharge of terbacil did not differ for
open or submerged drains. Chlorobenzllate pesticide
was not detected in drainage water from any of the
three soil treatments.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution,
'Agricultural chemistry, Surface waters, Ground water,
December 1983 245
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Runoff, Drainage, Herbicides, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Phosphorus, Ni-
trogen oxides, Florida, Concentration(Composition),
Son analysis, Citrus trees, Flux density, Management
planning, Transport properties, Adsorption, Nutrients,
Leaching, Mathematical models, Sampling, Desorp-
tlon, 'Water quality, Water pollution sampling, Denitrifi-
cation, Path of pollutants, *D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic
acid/dichlorophenoxy, 'terbscil, Uracil/tert-butyl-
chloro-methyi, 'Benzilic acid/chloro.
PB-272 891/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to
Air Pollution Problems. Interim rept.,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
J. G. Calvert, W. H. Chan, E. Niple, R. J. Nordstrom,
and J. H. Shaw. Aug 77,115p EPA/600/3-77/025
Grant EPA-R-803868-1
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-268 992.
Spectra of air samples at ground level of approximate-
ly 10m, 100m, and 1 km, and solar spectra obtained for
solar zenith distances between 40 and 87 degrees
have been obtained. Examples of these spectra in the
region from 1100 to 1200/cm are presented together
with spectra calculated from the atmospheric line pa-
rameter listing prepared by the Air Force Geophysical
Laboratories. From the absorption features of fluoro-
carbon-12 near 1160/cm in solar spectra, a mean tro-
pospheric abundance of 0.34 ppb has been estimated.
A photochemical cell capable of approximating the
solar noon irradiance at ground level between 300 and
400nm and in which path lengths in excess of 200m
can be obtained is described. This cell has been used
to study the photolysis of HNO2 and a rate constant of
0.070/min has been measured. Spectra of more than
20 gases of importance to air pollution problems, ob-
tained under controlled conditions covering the region
from 700 to 1500/cm, are presented. Progress in the
construction of a cell, coolable to -60 C, and capable
of being irradiated at wavelengths down to 170nm, is
described.
Keywords: "Infrared spectra, 'Atmospheric composi-
tion, 'Gas analysis, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Trace elements, Stratosphere, Smog, Photolysis, Re-
action kinetics, Fluorohydrocarbons, Nitrous acid, Ab-
sorption spectra, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy,
'Air pollution detection, Freon 12, Freons.
PB-272 892/1 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Alum Addition and Step-Feed Studies In Oxygen-
Activated Sludge. Final rept. Oct 72-Oct 73,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
Dolloff F. Bishop, James A. Heidman, Richard C.
Brenner, and John B. Stamberg. Sep 77,43p EPA/
600/2-77/166
Contract EPA-68-01 -0162
A plug flow, 02-activated sludge process was operat-
ed with alum addition to remove phosphorus and with
lime addition to prevent the process pH from decreas-
ing below 6.4. the O2 reactor was operated at F/M
ratios between 0.18 to 0.24 gm of BOD5/gm of
MLVSS/day in a typical co-current 02-liquid contact-
Ing system. The alum dosages for the five steady-state
operating periods increased from 84 mg/l to 184 mg/l
was used to maintain the process pH at 6.4. The pollut-
ant removals from the primary effluent ranged from 82
to 92% for BODS (7.4 to 19 mg/l of residual BODS)
and from 54 to 86% for phosphorus (1 .OS to 3.26 mg/l
of residual P). The optimum P removal occurred at a
1.8 to 1 average AI/P mole ratio with an average total
residual P of 1.05 mg/l. In a second study, the O2
process was operated in a step-feed configuration
consisting of a sludge oxygenation stage followed by
three stages of oxygen aeration with equal portions of
the primary effluent fed to each stage, in typical oper-
ation, the process with a F/M ratio of 0.23 exhibited a
MLSS concentration profile in the four stages of
10,700 mg/l; 7,060 mg/l; 5,020 mg/l; and 4,150 mg/l.
The step configuration clearly reduced the solids load-
ing to the clarifier and provided an average MLSS of
more than 6,500 mg/l. The step operation produced
excellent BODS removals (89% from primary). The 02
usage in the step configuration was significa.itly less
than the 90% typically achieved in co-current contact-
ing.
Keywords: 'Alums, 'Activated sludge process, *Oxy-
genation, 'Sewage treatment, Sedimentation, Liquid
oxygen, Aluminum sulfate, Calcium oxides, pH, Clari-
fiers, Biochemical oxygen demand.
PB-272 893/9 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environr jiital Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
The Control of Nitrate as a Water Pollutant. Final
rept.,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
Allen R. Swoboda. Aug 77,154p EPA/600/2-77/158
Grant EPA-S-800193
This study was based on the premise that the most
logical approach to reducing nitrate leaching in soils
was to limit the amount of nitrate in the soil solution at
any one time. Methods of limiting the concentration of
nitrate in the soil solution while maintaining an ade-
quate supply of available nitrogen for plant growth are
reported. Timing of nitrogen application was found to
be a very effective means of reducing nitrate leaching.
When nitrogen was applied in the fall as much as 3-
fold more nitrate was found to have leached below 60
cm in the soil by June as compared to applications
made in March. A nitrification inhibitor, N-Serve, was
found to be very effective in reducing the amount of ni-
trate leached. Slow release sulfur-coated ureas and
treatment of nitrogen fertilizers with N-Serve were
found to be effective means of reducing leaching
losses of nitrate when fertilizers were applied in the fall
or winter. Losses of 0.5 and 3.6% of nitrogen applied
as fertilizer occurred in runoff water when normal rates
of nitrogen were applied to a grassland watershed. Ly-
simeter studies indicated that from 0.04% to 6% of the
applied fertilizer nitrogen could be leached below 120
cm in a silt loam soil depending on the source of nitro-
gen.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Inorganic ni-
trates, Microorganisms, Soil microbiology, Soils,
Leaching, Concentration(Composition), Fertilizers,
Surface water runoff, Nitrogen, Nitrification, Water-
sheds, Grassland, Ground water, Lysimeters, Sources,
Immobilization.
PB-272 896/2 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Elklns Mine Drainage Pollution Control Demon-
stration Project. Final rept. 1964-67.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Aug 77,316p EPA/600/7-77/090
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
See also report dated 20 May 70, PB-191 876.
In 1964 several federal agencies in cooperation with
the State of West Virginia initiated a project to demon-
strate methods to control the pollution from aban-
doned underground and surface mines in the Roaring
Creek-Grassy Run Watersheds near Elkins, West Vir-
ginia. The Roaring Creek-Grassy Run watersheds con-
tained 400 hectares of disturbed land, 1200 hectares
of underground mine workings and discharged over 11
metric tons per day of acidity to the Tygart Valley
River. The reclamation project was to demonstrate the
effectiveness of mine seals, water diversion from un-
derground workings, burial of acid-producing spoils
ana refuse, surface mine reclamation, and surface
mine revegetation. Following a termination order in
1967, major effprts were directed away from the com-
pletion of the mine sealings and toward surface mining
reclamation and revegetation. In July 1968 the recla-
mation work was completed with the reclamation and
revegetation of 284 hectares of disturbed land and the
construction of 101 mine seals. Results of an exten-
sive monitoring program revealed that some reduction
in acidity load (as high as 20 percent during 1968 and
1969), and little if any in iron and sulfate loads and flow
have occurred in Grassy Run. Roaring Creek had an
insignificant change in flow as a result of water diver-
sion, and a decrease of 5 to 16 percent in acidity and
sulfate load. Biological recovery in both streams has
been nonexistent except in some smaller subwa-
tersheds. Good vegetative cover has been established
on almost all of the disturbed areas. Legumes domi-
nate in most areas after eight years.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Water pollution control, Sur-
face mining, Underground mining, West Virginia, Rec-
lamation, Watersheds, Seals, Acidity, Plants(Botany),
Grassy Run, Roaring Creek, Chemical properties,
Physical properties, Feasibility, Aerial surveys, Filtra-
tion, Hydrology, Mining, Sites, Geology, ElkinsfWest
Virginia), 'Land reclamation.
PB-272 897/0 PC A03/MF A01
Salt Water Intrusion In the United States. Special
rept.,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Bob D. Newport. Jul 77,40p EPA/600/8-77/011
Salt water intrusion, from one or more sources outlined
in this report, has resulted in degradation of subsur-
face fresh water aquifers in 43 States. Numerous case
histories delineating current problems exist, providing
adequate documentation of the seriousness of salt
water intrusion. Waste from municipal and industrial
sources entering natural streams or reservoirs are re-
sponsible for the more visible types of pollution; their
detection is rapid, their source can usually be identi-
fied, and their elimination will result in rapid natural im-
provement of water quality. In contrast, the clandes-
tine movement of salt water through a fresh water
aquifer continues, defying early detection, concealing
its origin, and creating long-term problems with expen-
sive remedies.
Keywords: 'Ground water, *Salt water intrusion,
'Water pollution abatement, Fresh water, Aquifers,
Subsurface drainage, Industrial wastes, Municipalities,
Stream flow, Reservoirs, Sources, Water quality, Dia-
grams, Tables(Data), Oklahoma, States(united
States), 'Path of pollutants, Groundwater movement.
PB-272 900-SET PC E16
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77,968p-in 5v
Set includes PB-272 901 thru PB-272 905.
No abstract available.
PB-272 901/0 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow. Volume I. Summary Report and Verification.
Final rept.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77, 72p EPA/600/2-77/179a
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E16, PB-272 900-
This volume of the report outlines the purpose and
scope of the return flow research and specifically ex-
plains the capabilities of the conjunctive use model for
predicting the mineral quality of irrigation return flow.
The purpose of the research was to develop a con-
junctive use model which would (1) predict the salinity
contribution from new irrigation projects and (2) predict
the change In return flow salinity that would result from
operational changes on existing projects. The model
developed and described herein describes the chemi-
cal quality in terms of eight ionic constituents and total
dissolved solids. A description of the Vernal Field
Study which describes the physical setting for the
model testing is included. A narrative describing the
problems encountered with the original data is includ-
ed. Tables and figures showing the computed-ob-
served comparisons from the verification are included.
Results of model operations for the Cedar Bluff and
Grand Valley areas are also described. It is concluded
that the model can satisfactorily be used to simulate ir-
rigation return flows if sufficient data are available, es-
pecially groundwater hydrology and chemistry.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Mathematical models, 'Salin-
ity, 'Return flow, 'Water pollution control, Ground
water, Hydrology, Forecasting, Verifying, Tables(Data),
Computerized simulation, 'Water quality.
PB-272 902/8 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
246 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow. Volume II. Vernal Field Study. Final rept.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77,128p EPA/600/2-77/179b
See also Volume 1, PB-272 901, and Volume 3, PB-
272 903.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E16, PB-272 900-
SET.
This volume of the report details the field investiga-
tions conducted to develop and validate the 'Simula-
tion Model of Conjunctive Use and Water Quality for a
River System or Basin' as given in Volume III of this
report, the studies were conducted in Ashley Valley,
near Vernal, Utah. The investigations included: the
quantity and quality of ground water, irrigation water,
and return flows; crop inventory and consumptive use;
soil chemistry; and hydrological units to define nodes.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Mathematical models, 'Salin-
ity, "Return flow, 'Water pollution control, Ground
water, Hydrology, Forecasting, Verifying, Tables(Data),
Field tests, Rivers, Basins, Computerized simulation,
Soil chemistry, Ashley Valley, Crops, Water supply,
Drainage, Surface waters, Lysimeters, Utah, 'Water
quality, Land classification, Land use, Vernal(Utah).
PB-272 903/6 PC A13/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow. Volume III. Simulation Model of Conjunctive
Use and Water Quality for a River System or
Basin. Final rept.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77,295p EPA/600/2-77/179c
See also Volume 2, PB-272 902, and Volume 4, PB-
272 904.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E16, PB-272 900-
SET.
This volume of the report documents the development
of a digital computer coded simulation model to predict
the effect of irrigation of agricultural lands on the re-
sulting irrigation return flow quality. The model is capa-
ble of simulating conjunctive uses of water, however,
validation for this purpose was not performed. The
model developed in this volume is much less rigorous
than that presented in Volume V, however, it can be
used to provide an assessment of water quality trends
due to irrigation at much less cost than the detailed
model. A user's manual is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Mathematical models, 'Salin-
ity, 'Return flow, 'Water pollution control, Ground
water, Hydrology, Forecasting, Verifying, Tables(Data),
Computerized simulation, Rivers, Basins, Agriculture,
Utilization, Trends, Computer programs, Fortran,
'Water quality, ACUMEN computer program.
PB-272 904/4 PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow. Volume IV. Data Analysis Utility Programs.
Final rept.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77,230p EPA/600/2-77/179d
See also Volume 3, PB-272 903, and Volume 5, PB-
272 905.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E16, PB-272 900-
SET.
This volume of the report contains a description of the
data analysis subroutines developed to support the
modeling effort described in Volume III. The subrou-
tines were used to evaluate and condition data used in
the conjunctive use model. The subroutines Include (1)
regression analysis, (2) Gaussian probability function,
(3) Beta distribution, and (4) Pearson's incomplete
gamma function. For each of these subroutines, a brief
theory is given plus a program listing and sample prob-
lem.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Mathematical models, 'Salin-
ity, 'Return flow, 'Water pollution control, Ground
water, Hydrology, Forecasting, Verifying, Tables(Data),
Data analysis, Regression analysis, Beta function, Dis-
tribution functions, Gamma function, Computer pro-
grams, Normal density functions, 'Water quality.
PB-272 905/1 PCA11/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Prediction of Mineral Quality of Irrigation Return
Flow. Volume V. Detailed Return Flow Salinity and
Nutrient Simulation Model. Final rept.
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Engineering
and Research Center.
Aug 77, 243p EPA/600/2-77/179e
See also Volume 4, PB-272 904.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E16, PB-272 900-
SET.
A return flow quality simulation model is described
which models the plant-soil-aquifer system from the
soil surface to a tile or open drain. Processes simulat-
ed Include evapotranspiration, unsaturated and satu-
rated water flow, solution-precipitation of slightly solu-
ble salts, ion exchange, ion pairing, nitrogen transfor-
mations, crop uptake of nitrogen, and the movement
and redistribution of salts ana nutrients. The dynamic
non-steady-state model predicts the concentrations of
calcium, magnesium, sodium, ammonium, bicarbon-
ate, carbonate, chloride, sulfate, NO3-N, and Urea-N
contained in soil, aquifer, and drain waters. Concentra-
tions of organic-N; exchangeable calcium, magne-
sium, sodium, and ammonium; and gypsum are pre-
dicted within the soil and aquifer materials. Users'
manuals for each basic subprogram are included, and
a sample problem illustrates the use of the model.
Model output can serve as input to the conjunctive use
model described in Volume III; serve as input to other
models on a nodal or point source basis; or stand
alone depending on the type and scope of the particu-
lar study.
Keywords: "Irrigation, 'Mathematical models, 'Salin-
ity, 'Return flow, 'Water pollution control, Ground
water, Hydrology, Forecasting, Verifying, Chemical
equilibrium, Computer programming, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Computerized simulation, Aquifers, Evap-
oration, Water flow, Precipitation(Chemistry), Soils,
Fertilizers, Verifying, Input data, Ion exchanging, Nutri-
ents, Concentration(Composition), Soil analysis,
'Water quality.
PB-272 908/5 PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Proceedings of the National Ground Water Quality
Symposium (3rd) Held In Las Vegas, Nevada on
September 15-17,1976. Final rept. 31 Mar 76-31 Jan
77.
National Water Well Association, Worthington, Ohio.
Jun 77,240p' EPA/600/9-77/014
Contract EPA-68-03-2396
The Third National Ground Water Quality Symposium
was held in Las Vegas, September 15-17, 1876, in
conjunction with the annual convention of the National
Water Well Association. There were eight main ses-
sions encompassing twenty-four technical papers.
These were concerned with the disposal of waste on
the land, the movement of pollutants in the subsur-
face, and artificial recharge. A special session was
dedicated to ground water in the Las Vegas Valley.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Land use, Potable water, Waste disposal, Sub-
surface drainage, Ground water recharge, Las Vegas
Valley, Sewage disposal, Industrial wastes, Soil water,
Ponds, Linings, Permeability, Seepage, Water table,
Design criteria, Arid land, Nitrogen, Earth fills, Ground
water movement, Artificial recharge, Sewage Irrigation,
Valdose zone.
PB-272 917/6 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Beef Cattle Feedlot Runoff and Control In Eastern
Nebraska. Final rept.,
Schram (L. P.) Rood Lot, Inc., Papillion, Nebr.
L. P. Schram. Aug 77,41p EPA/600/2-77/159
Grant EPA-S-802197
This study was initiated to determine operational char-
acteristics of runoff control facility components for
beef cattle feedlots. A runoff control facility was de-
signed and constructed for a 3,000 head capacity
feedlot in eastern Nebraska. Components of the runoff
control facility included debris basins inside the pen
and outside the pen, a holding pond, and a disposal
system. Results Indicated that design volumes for the
debris basins and holding ponds were effective in con-
trolling runoff from the lots caused by snowmelt and
rainfall for climatic conditions within eastern Nebraska.
Characteristics of runoff transported solids from this
large lot compared favorably with values developed
earlier on small research lots. All values for total and
volatile solids, electric conductivity, pH, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and COD were within published ranges.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Runoff, Nebraska,
Waste disposal, Design criteria, Catch basins, Resi-
dues, Ponds, Management planning, Water pollution
control, Precipitation(Meteorology), pH, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Solid wastes, Chemical oxygen demand,
'Feedlot wastes.
PB-272 919/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Investigation of Reuse Potential of Ash from Pa-
permlll Sludges,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement, Inc., Kalamazoo, Mich. Central-
Lake States Regional Center.
Allan M. Springer, Duane W. Marshall, and Isiah
Gellman. Jul 77,96p EPA/600/2-77/123
Grant EPA-R-803348
Two techniques for recovery of filler from fine paper-
mill high ash sludges, screening and wet oxidation,
were evaluated for their technical feasibility. The alter-
native of screening the sludge and using the material
passing through the screen as recovered filler was in-
for recovery of filler was conducted at the mill site.
Then the material was shipped to Western Michigan
University where selected grades incorporating the re-
covered filler were manufactured. The grades simulat-
ed were found lacking only in brightness by compari-
son with virgin filler. The wet oxidation alternative was
evaluated in a similar manner with a cooperating mill.
The wet oxidized recovered fillers only slightly lowered
the brightness of the sheet simulated and gave an in-
crease in opacity in exchange. The wet oxidation
scheme appears technically feasible.
Keywords: 'Paper mills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sludges,
'Reclamation, Recycling, Fillers, Screenings, Oxida-
tion, Separation, Bleaching, Waste recycling, Paper re-
cycling.
PB-272 922/6 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Study on the Feasibility and Design of Automatic
Partlculate Size Distribution Analyzer for Source
Emissions. Final rept.,
' GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Pedro Lilienfeld, Daniel P. Anderson, and Douglas W.
Cooper. Aug 77,115p GCA-TR-76-22-G, EPA/600/2-
77/050
Contract EPA-68-03-2154
The objective of this program was to evolve a method
for the automatic determination of the size distribution
of partlculates within stack gas effluent streams. This
device was designed to cover the typical mass con-
centration range encountered upstream as well as
downstream of emission control systems, and to seg-
regate the particles by means of a cascaded virtual in-
ertial impaction configuration to be inserted into the ef-
fluent stream. Several alternative particle detection
techniques compatible with this size segregation
method were investigated In the course of this pro-
gram and a stage filter pressure drop sensing tech-
nique was selected. The prototype device was subject-
ed to laboratory and stack testing showing very good
correlation with an Andersen-type impactor. The sa-
lient advantages of this instrument are: capability for
extended operation (of the order of hours), real-time
indication of size distribution of participates In the
stack environment, relatively low cost, and simplicity of
operation.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Gas detectors,
Flue gases, Sources, Design criteria, Feasibility, Air
pollution, Field tests, Monitoring, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sampling, Aerosols, Impactors,
'Air pollution detection, 'Stationary sources, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
December 1983 247
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-272 927/6 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Evaluation of Kllmlchael Lagoon.
Final rept. 1974-76,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. Oept. of Civil
Engineering.
Donald 0. Hill, and Adnan Shlndala. Aug 77,229p
EPA/600/2-77/109
Contract EPA-68-03-2061
A three-cell facultative lagoon at Kilmlchael, Mississip-
pi has been evaluated for performance in relation to
design criteria and secondary treatment standards for
municipal wastewater facilities throughout all seasons
of the year. This report covers sampling equipment in-
stallation, biweekly sampling, intensive surveys during
each season of the year, and sample analyses. Per-
formance varied considerably by day and by season of
the year. Using BODS as a basis, secondary standards
were met for the most part. However suspended solids
and coliform bacteria were both consistently outside
the specified range. Therefore, lagoon upgrading must
address the removal of suspended solids.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), "Performance evalua-
tion, 'Sewage disposal, Design criteria, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Mississippi, Samplers, Sampling,
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Solid waste dispos-
al, Kilmichael(Misslssippl).
PB-272 933/3 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Appraisal of Powdered Activated Carbon Proc-
esses for Municipal Wastewater Treatment. Final
rept,
Battelle-Northwest, Richland, Wash.
A. J. Shuckrow, and Q. L. Gulp. Sep 77, 360p EPA/
800/2-77/156
Contract EPA-68-03-2211
Powdered activated carbon has been the subject of
several developmental efforts directed towards pro-
ducing improved methods for treating municipal
wastewaters. Granular activated carbon has proven
itself as an effective means of reducing dissolved or-
ganic contaminant levels, but Is plagued with specific
operational problems which can be avoided with pow-
dered carbon. The work reported herein was aimed at
putting powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment in
proper perspective relative to competing technology.
All work with PAC and PAC regeneration was reviewed
and representative process approaches selected for
comparison with granular activated carbon. While no
one PAC approach is clearly superior from a perform-
ance standpoint, biophysical processes are attractive
because they can be incorporated into existing biologi-
cal plants. Comparison of capital and operating costs
were made for plants with throughput rates of 1, 5,10,
25, and 50 MOD. Cost relations were generated in cur-
vilinear relations to allow interpolation.
Keywords: "Activated carbon, "Sewage treatment,
'Combined sewers, Fluidized bed processing, Tech-
nology, Performance evaluation, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Cost analysis, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Design criteria, Activated sludge process,
Coagulation, Filtration, Economics, Nitrification, Pilot
plants, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-272 934/1 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Oxldant Air Pollution and Work Performance of
Citrus Harvest Labor. Socioeconomic environmental
studies series,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Economics.
Thomas D. Crocker, and Robert L. Horst, Jr. Sep 77,
106p EPA/600/5-77/013
Contract EPA-68-02-2204
The project assesses the effect of photochemical oxi-
dants on the work performance of twelve individual
citrus pickers in the South Coast Air Basin of southern
California. A model of the picker's decision problem is
constructed in which oxidants influence the individ-
ual's picking earnings and leisure-time via short-term
and reversible morbidity effect. Circumstances are
specified under which this effect can be Interpreted as
the additional earnings the individual would have to re-
ceive In the presence of oxidants in order to make him
Indifferent to the presence of oxidants. In terms of ab-
solute dollar magnitudes, compensating surpluses
appear to range from less than twenty dollars to nearly
two hundred dollars over an entire calendar year, given
the piece-work wage rate scales and the levels of air
pollution prevailing In the South Coast Air Basin during
1973 and 1974. As a percentage of what Individual
earnings would have been In the absence of air pollu-
tion, the dollar magnitudes range from three-tenths of
one percent to nine percent. The average Is about two
percent. Estimates give fairly strong support to the hy-
pothesis that air pollution impact, measured In terms of
the compensating surplus, tends to Increase with in-
creasing numbers of hours worked.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine,
"Performance(Human), Public health, Air pollution, Ag-
riculture, Personnel, Productivity, Economics, Impact,
Income, California, Morbidity, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Photochemical oxidants, "Air pollu-
tion economics.
PB-272 935/8 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Extraction or Destruction of Chemical Pollutants
from Aqueoue Waste Stream*. Final rept. Mar 72-
Jan 75,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
R. R. Davidson. Jul 75, 72pEPA/600/2-77/148
Grant EPA-R-800947
The use of solvent extraction and ozonatlon to treat
various Industrial wastewaters was studied. Most were
light chlorinated hydrocarbon, solvent wastes and
were principally extracted with a high molecular weight
paraffin petroleum fraction. Distribution data on related
pure chlorinated compounds were also obtained. The
economics of solvent extraction versus steam strip-
ping was examined. Though chlorinated solvents can
be effectively removed by extraction, stripping appears
to be more economical. A toluene dlamlne wastewater
was found treatable with benzene. In all these wastes
there are unextractable fractions. Attempts were made
to treat glycol, toluene dlamlne and light chlorinated
hydrocarbon wastewaters with ozone, but results were
not satisfactory.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Solvent extrac-
tion, "Ozonation, "Industrial waste treatment, Chlorine
organic compounds, Solvents, Design criteria, Strip-
ping, Pilot plants, Thermodynamics, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance evaluation.
PB-272 949/9 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Non-Point Water Quality Modeling In Wlldland
Management: A State-of-the-Art Assessment.
Volume II. Appendixes. Final rept.
Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
Jul 77, 577p* EPA/600/3-77/078
See also Volume 1, PB-269 280.
Contained in this volume are the model evaluation
forms and the watershed inventory forms compiled as
the basis for the conclusions reached in the state-of-
the-art assessment presented in Volume I relating
wlldland management activities with an inventory of
monitored watersheds having data suitable for model
development and testing. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Runoff, "Forest land, "Water pollution,
Reviews, Mathematical models, Watersheds, Hydro-
logic cycle, Erosion, Management, Wildlife, Regres-
sion analysis, Swamps, Mountains, Watersheds, Fore-
casting, Soil conservation, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Concentration(Compositlon), Climate, Inven-
tories, Evaluation, "Nonpoint sources, "Model studies.
PB-272 952/3 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Magnesia FGD Process Teatlng on a Coal-Fired
Power Plant. Final rept. Oct 74-Aug 75,
York Research Corp., Stamford, Conn.
Diane K. Sommerer. Aug 77,256p Y-8479, EPA/600/
2-77/165
Contract EPA-68-02-1401
The report gives results of a field measurement pro-
gram to determine the operability and reliability of the
Chemlco magnesium oxide venturl scrubber operating
at Potomac Electric Power Company's Dickerson Gen-
erating Station, Frederick, MD. A continuous source-
monitoring station was Installed at the scrubber, com-
plemented by a field analytical laboratory Intended for
the measurement and analysis of various process
streams. These facilities continuously monitored proc-
ess and emission variables between October 1974
and January 1975, during August 1975. Scrubber oper-
ation was evaluated during steady-state and transient
operation, the latter Including startups, shutdowns, and
malfunctions. During the tests, trie scrubber was avail-
able about 48% of the time, Including all levels of oper-
ation. Approximately 80% of system availability was
steady-state, with the system operating normally. The
tests showed that, although scrubber availability was
not Ideal (due to logistics problems in supplying raw
materials (MgO), and to mechanical problems mainly
attributable to under-design In such areas as piping,
slurry pumps, and other auxiliary equipment), the basic
scrubber concent and design should meet critical crite-
ria once these problems are remedied.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution con-
trol equipment, "Boilers, Combustion products, Scrub-
bers, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Coal,
Design criteria, Process charting, Field tests, Sulfur
dioxide, 'Coal fired power plants, "Magnesium oxide
scrubbing, "Venturi scrubbers.
PB-272 953/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
OH Spill: Decisions for Debrla Disposal. Volume II.
Literature Review and Caee Study Report*. Final
rept. Jun 75-Aug 76,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Robert P. Stearns, David E. Ross, and Robert
Morrison. Aug 77,166p* EPA/600/2-77/153b
Contract EPA-68-03-2200
See also Volume 1 dated Aug 77, PB-272 832.
This report was prepared to guide persons responsible
for disposing of oil spill debris in selecting suitable
methods and sites, and In carrying out effective, envi-
ronmentally safe disposal operations. Volume II pre-
sents a bibliography and a summary of the current lit-
erature relating to oily waste decomposition, migration
through soils, and Interaction with the environment.
Calculations are provided to indicate the theoretical
limitations on degradation. Case studies of two sites
where the land cultivation disposal method was used
to aeroblcally decompose the oily debris, and at two
other sites where the debris was buried in specially
constructed cells, are described and the effectiveness
of each operation is evaluated.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Catch basin, Safety, De-
composition, Soils, Environmental surveys, Cultivation,
Solid waste disposal, Aerobic processes, Degradation,
Sites, Leaching, Biodeterioration, Chemical analysis,
Field tests, Monitoring, Sites, Climatology, Geology,
Ground water, Surface water, Path of pollutants, 'Oil
pollution, 'Oil spills, Land disposal.
PB-272 973/9 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
The Prevalence of Subsurface Migration of Haz-
ardous Chemical Substance* at Selected Ineue-
trlal Waate Land Dleposal Sltea. Final rept,
Geraghtyand Miller, Inc., Port Washington, N.Y.
D. W. Miller, O. C. Braids, and W. H. Walker. Sep 77,
529p EPA/530/SW-634
Contract EPA-68-01 -3703
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the
prevalence of subsurface migration of hazardous
chemical constituents at 50 land disposal sites that
had received large volumes of industrial wastes. The
facilities include landfills, lagoons, and combinations of
the two, both active and abandoned. They are located
in 11 states in the humid region, east of the Mississippi
River. Hazardous substances include (1) heavy metals
other than iron and manganese, (2) cyanide, arsenic,
and selenium, (3) organic substances as determined
by gas chromatograpny. At 43 of the 50 sites migration
of one or more hazardous constituents was confirmed.
Migration of heavy metals was confirmed at 40 sites;
selenium, arsenic and/or cyanide at 30 sites; and or-
ganic chemicals at 27 sites. Eighty-six wells and
springs used for monitoring yielded water containing
one or more hazardous substances with concentra-
tions above background.
248 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'water pollution, 'Solid waste disposal, Metals,
Leaching, Cyanides, Arsonic, Selenium, Organic com-
pounds, Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Earth fills,
Lagoons(Ponds), Soil analysis, Tables(Oata), Sites,
Sampling, Monitoring, Ground water, 'Land disposal,
'Water pollution sampling, Heavy metals, 'Liquid
wastes.
PB-272 986/1 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
8O2 Abatement for Stationary Source* in Japan.
Final task rept. Mar 76-Aug 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Jumpei Ando, and B. A. Laseke. Sep 77,206p EPA/
600/7-77/1038
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Prepared in cooperation with Chuo Univ., Tokyo
(Japan).
The report describes the status of SO2 abatement
technology for stationary sources in Japan as of June
1S76. It presents the current status of desulfurization
technologies including hydrodesulfurization of oil, de-
composition of residual oil, gasification of coal and oil,
and flue gas desulfurization (FGD). It examines the
major Japanese FGD processes with respect to their
applications, performance, economics, major technical
problems, developmental status, byproducts, and raw
materials. It also contains background information on
energy usage, fuel resources, ambient concentration
of pollutants, and emission regulations in Japan. It de-
scribes processes for the simultaneous removal of
SOx and NOx from flue gases. It presents a compara-
tive evaluation of flue gas cleaning technologies in the
U.S. and Japan.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control,
'Japan, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Flue
gases, Nitrogen oxides, Fuel oil, Residual oils, Process
charting, Byproducts, Iron and steel industry, Decom-
position, Coal gasification, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Economics, Regulations, Standards,
Boilers, Concentratlon(Composition), Desulfurization,
Scrubbing, Technology, 'Stationary sources, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Oil gasification, Limestone scrubbing,
Wet methods.
PB-272 M3/7 PC A04/MF A01
Protecting Instream Flow* under Western Water
Law: Selected Paper*. Instream flow information
Rsna'r
i and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colo. Coopera-
tive Instream Flow Service Group.
Berton Lee Lamb. Sep 77,67p FWS/OBS-77/47, IFIP-
2
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., Bureau of Outdoor Recrea-
tion, Washington, D.C. and Bureau of Reclamation,
Washington, B.C.
This collection of papers suggests means to protect
flows under existing water law and projects develop-
ments in water law regarding instream flows. Also in-
cluded Is a matrix of strategies for protecting flows
under the law. Topics include western water law, the
Appropriation Doctrine, equity law and potential future
developments in western water law. The papers result-
ed from a panel presentation July 13, 1977, at the
annual conference of the Western Association of
Game and Fish Commissioners and the Western Divi-
sion of the American Fisheries Society, in Tucson, Ari-
zona.
Keywords: 'Water law, 'Stream flow, Water rights,
Fluid flow, Water flow, Equity(Law), Appropriations, Ar-
izona.
PB-273 014/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effect of Hydrocarbon Composition on Oxldant-
Hydrocarbon Relationship*. Phase I. Exhauat
Blend* from Non-Catalyat and Catalyst Equipped
Vehicle* Final rept.,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
T. R. Powers. Sep 77,15Bp EPA/600/3-77/109a
Contract EPA-68-02-1719
Oxidation catalysts on automobiles not only reduce the
total amount of hydrocarbon emissions, but also
change the composition of these emissions signifi-
cantly. To explore the effect of this change on oxidant
formation, 28 ten-hour irradiations were carried out in
the Exxon Research Environmental Chamber. Four-
teen of these irradiations used a hydrocarbon blend
representative of the non-methane, non-acetylene ex-
haust hydrocarbon emissions from a non-catalyst
equipped vehicle, and 14 used a blend representative
of the same fraction of the emissions from a catalyst
equipped vehicle. Irradiations were carried out at three
hydrocarbon-to-nitrogen oxides ratios and with three
modes of chamber operation, chosen to simulate dif-
ferent meteorological conditions. The results of these
experiments indicate that the composition change due
to oxidation catalysts will result in a significant allevi-
ation, above that due to hydrocarbon concentration
change alone, of the local effects of automotive tail-
pipe emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Automobiles,
'Hydrocarbons, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Oxidation, Concentration(Composition), Test
chambers, Ozone, Numerical analysis, Graphic meth-
ods, Comparisons, Reaction kinetics, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-273 016/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Air Pollution and Health In Washington, D.C.:
Some Acute Health Effect* of Air Pollution In the
Washington Metropolitan Area. Final extra-mural
rept. 1 Jan 73-31 Dec 74,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., Wash-
ington, D.C.
Eugene P. Seskin. Jul 77,97p EPA/600/5-77/010
Contract EPA-68-01-3144
The study has attempted to assess some of the acute
health effects of air pollution. Specifically, the investi-
gation has tested the hypothesis that air pollution can
aggravate the health status of a population and can
result in increased utilization of certain types of medi-
cal care services. The study period was 1973-1974
and centered in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan
Area. Statistical models were formulated, explaining
health-care utilization of a group practice medical care
plan. Primary interest was focused on the effects of
mobile-source air pollutants including carbon monox-
ide, nitrogen dioxide, non-methane hydrocarbons, and
photochemical oxidants. Meteorological conditions as
well as other variables thought to influence the con-
sumption of medical services were included in the
models as explanatory variables. The statistical results
indicated that air pollution levels had a very limited
effect on the health-care utilization of the group prac-
tice.
Keywords: 'Health status, 'Health care utilization,
•District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, Mathematical
models, Statistical data, Assessments, Medical serv-
ices, Economic analysis, Benefit cost analysis,
Tables(Data), Air pollution, Meteorological data, Epi-
demiology, Statistical analysis, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Exhaust emissions, Nitrogen dioxide,
Regression analysis, Air pollution economics, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), 'Metropolitan areas, Photo-
chemical oxidants, Automobile exhaust, Prepaid group
practice, Economic impact.
PB-273 018/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Methodology and Instrumentation to Measure
Gaseous Ammonia. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
D. J. David, M. C. Willson, and D. S. Ruffin. Aug 77,
117p EPA/600/2-77/125
Contract EPA-68-02-1793
Methodology for the time integrated collection and
analysis of atmospheric ammonia was developed. Am-
monia is primarily measured because it can react with
SOx to produce ammonium sulfate. Since SOx is one
of the principle air pollutants, it is important to deter-
mine Its atmospheric reactions. The methodology
makes use of optical wave guides which are 1 x 20 mm
quartz rods coated with a chemical that is specific for
NH3. As ammonia reacts with the chemical on the rod,
the optical properties of light passing through the rod
change and can be directly related to the NH3 concen-
tration. An optical wave guide analyzer was developed
to measure the resulting change in optical properties.
Concentrations as low as 1 ppb can be assayed. The
coated quartz rods are placed in the field for 24 hours
and brought back to the laboratory for analysis by the
analyzer.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Ammonia, Atmospheric
composition, Gas analysis, Sulfur oxides, Optical prop-
erties, Concentration(Composition), Chemical analy-
sis, Quartz, Sampling, Air pollution, Chemical reac-
tions, Coatings, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
Atmospheric chemistry, 'Air pollution detection, Air
pollution sampling.
PB-273 019/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy Consumption of Environmental Control*:
Fossil Fuel, Steam Electric Generating Industry.
Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, Mass.
Brian Murphy, James R. Mahoney, David Bearg, Gale
Hoffnayle, and Joel Watson. Aug 77,199p ERT-P-
1839, EPA/600/7-77/101
The report addresses the energy requirements for en-
vironmental control in the fossil fuel, steam electric in-
dustry. These requirements arise through a number of
mechanisms, including: direct fuel or electricity re-
quirements for operating pollution control equipment,
including production of necessary chemicals and dis-
posal of wastes; energy used in constructing control
equipment; fuels consumed in transporting low sulfur
fuels; extra fuel consumed to compensate for power
plants' efficiency losses caused by environmental con-
trols; and energy used in constructing extra generation
capacity to compensate for efficiency losses. These
requirements are computed for a variety of energy
policy 'scenarios' to demonstrate the impact of altering
current environmental regulations or of utilizing alter-
nate strategies for achieving environmental goals. In
particular, the effect of requiring 'Best Available Con-
trol Technologies' for power plants, of using tall stacks
and/or supplementary control systems, and of using
coal washing and/or blending to decrease the neces-
sity for 'scrubbers' are examined in different scenarios.
Keywords: 'Energy consumption, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Air pollution control, 'Fossil-fuel power plants,
'Electric power plants, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Waste heat, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Energy re-
quirements, Control equipment, Efficiency, Low sulfur
coal, Industries, Water pollution, 'Thermal pollution.
PB-273 028/1 PC A08/MF A01
Water Quality of Selected Stream* In the Coal
Area of Southeastern Montana. Water-resources in-
vestigations (Final),
Geological Survey, Helena, Mont.
J. R. Knapton, and P. W. McKinley. Aug 77,156p
USGS/WRD/WRI-77/062, USGS/WRI-77-80
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Manage-
ment, Washington, D.C., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
This report summarizes and evaluates water-quality
data collected at 35 stream sites in the coal region of
southeastern Montana. Sarpy Creek, Armells Creek,
and Rosebud Creek sometimes have dlssolved-solids
concentrations that cause water to be marginal for ag-
ricultural purposes. At times of rainfall and snowmelt,
the runoff water mixes with the base-flow component
to Improve the overall quality. Water in the Tongue
River generally showed a downstream degradation in
which some changes were related to the lithology of
the aquifers contributing water to streamflow. Water
from Pumpkin Creek and Mizpah Creek Is used mostly
for cattle watering. To some extent water is used for Ir-
rigation although the salinity hazard was often high.
The chemical quality of the Powder River changed
little during flow downstream. High sediment loads of
the river acted as transporting agents for many of the
plant nutrients and trace-element constituents.
Keywords: 'Stream flow, 'Coal, 'Water pollution, Inor-
ganic salts, Concentration(Composltion), Mine waters,
Sediment transport. Agriculture, Runoff, Anions, Ca-
tions, Temperature, Trace elements, Conductivity, Sa-
linity, Aquifers, Nutrients, Tables(Data), Montana, Mine
acid drainage.
December 1983 249
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-273 029/9 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program, Supplement Number 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jul 77,29p EPA/MCD-02.4
See also Supplement no. 2, PB-261 517.
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives issued after the Manual of Refer-
ences, MOD - 02, was published. This represents the
fourth in a series of Program Requirements Memoran-
da.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities,
'Grants, Construction, Manuals, Regulations, Policies,
Handbooks, Industrial plants, 'Sewage treatment
plants.
PB-273 055/4 PC A06/MF A01
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on
Nltrosamlnes. Final rept.
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Jun 77,105p* EPA/600/6-77/001
This report is a review and evaluation of the current
knowledge of N-nitrosamines (NA) in the environment
as related to possible deleterious effects on human
health and welfare. Sources, distribution, measure-
ment, and control technology for NA and their precur-
sors are also considered. NA (characterized by the N-
N=O group) are formed by the reaction of amines with
nitrous acid. Nearly 70% of all N-nitrpso compounds
studied have been found to be carcinogenic, with a
wide range in potency, in all species of laboratory ani-
mals tested via all routes of administration. The experi-
mentally produced carcinogenesis appears to be
caused by metabolites rather than by NA themselves.
Epidemiological studies to date do not show a direct
relationship between exposure to NA and cancer in
man. Ambient air concentrations of NA of up to 36 mi-
crogram/cu m have been found near an emission
source; and of up to 0.2 microgram/cu m in major pop-
ulation centers. The relative contributions of natural
and man-made sources are indeterminable at present.
Average dietary intake of NA is not likely to exceed a
few microgram/day. Intake of NA in municipal drinking
water would probably be much less than 1 microgram/
day. NA in cigarettes range from 0 to 180 ng/cigarette.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Amines, 'Nitroso com-
pounds, 'Environmental surveys, Food contamination,
Toxicity, Public health, Carcinogens, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Degradation, Animals, Microorganisms, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Epidemiology, Pollu-
tion control, Ecology, Soil analysis, Chemical analysis,
Industrial wastes, Natural resources, Exhaust emis-
sions, Plants(Bptany), Sources, Particles, Atmospheric
chemistry, Stationary sources.
PB-273 056/2 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Intra-Urban Mortality and Air Quality: An Econom-
ic Analysis ot the Costs of Pollution Induced Mor-
tality. Final rept. 1968-72,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Center for
the Study of Environmental Policy.
John J. Gregor. Jul 77,96p EPA/600/5-77/009
Grant EPA-R-803609
The report has attempted to quantify in both physical
and monetary terms the effects of existing ambient
levels of air pollution on human mortality. A model for
the isolation of air pollution's influence on human mor-
tality was developed based on insights derived from
existing experimental, episodic, and epidemiological
studies. This model was then estimated using weight-
ed linear regression analysis and data from the 1968-
1972 experience of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
The resulting pollution-related mortality functions were
then monetized through the use of the most theoreti-
cally consistent economic valuation of mortality
changes. Specifically, the estimated age-sex-specific
pollution-related mortality functions were monetized by
applying existing estimates of individual's willingness
to pay for mortality decreases. The results of this study
lend support to the contention that an improvement in
ambient air quality will produce social benefits in the
form of decreased probabilities of death.
Keywords: 'Mortality, Economic analysis, Urban
areas, Air pollution, Humans, Public health, Toxicol-
Epidemiology, Mathematical models,
Tables(Data), Benefit cost analysis, Economic impact,
Air quality, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), *Air pollu-
tion economics, Allegheny County(Pennsylvania).
PB-273 057/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effects of Combustion Modifications for NOx
Control on Utility Boiler Efficiency and Combus-
tion Stability. Final rept. Jul 75-Jul 76,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
Owen W. Dykema. Sep 77,105p EPA/600/2-77/190
Grant EPA R-803283
See also PB-241 918.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the possi-
bility that plant efficiency losses or combustion insta-
bility might limit NOx reduction by combustion modifi-
cation. Data from natural-gas- and oil-fired boilers
were used in the analyses. The study of effects on
plant efficiency of combustion modifications for NOx
reduction showed that the effects were negligible, at
least within the scatter of available data. Nearly all
plant efficiency variations (losses of up to 6%) resulted
from plant load variation, which is not considered a
combustion modification for NOx control. Combustion
instability, however, appeared to be a possible limita-
tion, if not properly understood and accounted for by
hardware modifications. Fuel-rich burner operation, in
the staged combustion technique, can create an un-
stable air-side feed system coupled mode of combus-
tion instability. A method of analyzing such instability
modes was developed for use in providing stable oper-
ating conditions, even with very fuel-rich burners.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Boilers, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Per-
formance evaluation, Revisions, Efficiency, Stability,
Combustion, Numerical analysis, Furnaces.
PB-273 068/7 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Carbon Black Manufacture.
Final rept. Jun 75-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. W. Serth, and T. W. Hughes. Oct 77,248p* MRC-
DA-720, EPA/600/2-77/107k
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Sep 77, PB-271 969.
The report summarizes the assessment of air emis-
sions from the manufacture of carbon black, currently
manufactured in the U.S. by two major processes:
thermal and oil furnace. Sources of atmospheric emis-
sions within oil furnace plants (about 90% of the 30
U.S. carbon black plants) include the main process
vent, dryer vent, pneumatic system vent, oil feedstock
storage tanks, vacuum cleanup system vent, and fugi-
tive sources. To assess the severity of emissions from
this industry, a representative plant was defined as
using the oil furnace process and with a mean produc-
tion rate of 50,000 metric tons/yr. For a representative
plant, calculated source severities were: 0.02 for par-
ticulates emitted from the main process vent; 0.046
and 0.58 for SOx and NOx, respectively, from the dryer
vent; 21 for HC emitted from the main process vent;
and 27 for carbon black fugitive emissions. The aver-
age number of persons exposed to high contaminant
levels from carbon black manufacture was estimated
and designated as the 'affected population.' The cal-
culation was made for each species emitted and for
each emission point within a representative plant for
which the source severity exceeds 0.1. The largest
value obtained was 11,000 persons, due to H2S emis-
sions from the main process vent. Assuming the same
control levels in 1974 and 1980, emissions from the in-
dustry will increase by 14% by 1980.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Assessments,
•Carbon black, 'Manufacturing, Furnaces, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Industrial hygiene,
Concentration(Compositlon), Hydrogen sulflde, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Process charting,
Design criteria, Hydrocarbons, Technology, Marketing,
Forecasting, Numerical analysis, 'Fugitive emissions,
'Indoor air pollution.
PB-273 069/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Treatment of Ammonia Plant Process Condensate
Effluent. Final rept. Jul 74-Aug 77,
Louisiana Chemical Association, Baton Rouge.
C. J. Romero, F. Yocum, J. H. Mayes, and D. A. Brown.
Sep 77, 95p EPA/600/2-77/200
Grant EPA-S-802908
Prepared In cooperation with Gulf South Research
Inst., Baton Rouge, La.
The report gives results of an examination of contami-
nant content and selected treatment techniques for
process condensate from seven different ammonia
plants. Field tests were performed and data collected
on an in-plant steam stripping column with vapor injec-
tion into the reformer furnace stack. Bench scale
steam stripping was studied on several different plant
process condensates for comparative purposes. Data
tor design of a commercial steam stripper were ob-
tained on the bench scale unit. Design conditions for
the commercial unit were given. Four different meth-
ods of treating the stripper overhead were compared.
The results indicate that stripping the process conden-
sate and injecting the vapor into the reformer stack
offers a viable control technology for reducing the
amount of ammonia and methanol discharged to the
environment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
control, 'Ammonia, 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution
control, Field tests, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Manufacturing, Management planning, Eco-
nomics, Cost analysis, Process charting, Combustion
products, Stripping(Distillation), Hydrology, Denitrifica-
tion, Ion exchanging, Chlorination, Reverse osmosis,
Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Fertilizer industry.
PB-273 070/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
A Study on the Accuracy of Type S Pltot Tube.
Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Mechani-
cal and Aerospace Engineering.
F. C. Williams, III, and F. R. DeJarnette. Jun 77,84p
EPA/600/4-77/030
Grant EPA-R-803168
A study was done to identify and quantify the design
parameters that affect the performance of type S pltot
tubes in field use. Fourteen different pilot tubes were
studied. In addition the effect of the sampling probe on
the performance of several of these pilot tubes was
determined as a function of distance, pitch, yaw and
swirl. The results showed that the coefficient of the
type S pitot tube under non-ideal flow conditions was
very sensitive to the distance between the static and
wake pressureports of the pitot tube. Increasing the
spacing between the two ports decreased the sensitiv-
ity of the coefficient to yaw, pitch and swirl. Inserting
the pitot tube 5 cm. further into the stack than the sam-
pling probe also seemed to reduce the effects of non-
ideal flow on the pitot coefficient.
Keywords: 'Pitot tubes, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Field tests, Velocity measurement, Cali-
brating, Sampling, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Air pollution, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Probes, Flow rate, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-273 073/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Labs., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Reactive Hydrocarbon Control Costs for Los An-
geles. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
Kenneth W. Arledge, and Ellen C. Pulaski. Aug 77,
137p EPA/600/3-77/089
Contract EPA-68-02-2445
This report documents the results of a study to deter-
mine the costs associated with controlling reactive or-
ganic emissions in the Metropolitan Los Angeles Air
Quality Control Region. An Inventory of organic emis-
sions from 26 categories of stationary and mobile
sources was developed for the calendar year 1975.
The photochemical reactivity of the emissions from
each category was determined in terms of a 3-class re-
activity classification scheme. The costs associated
with reducing the emissions from each category were
estimated by assuming the application of the most
cost effective combination of available control equip-
ment. The costs associated with reducing the emis-
250 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sions from all sources were estimated by assuming the
application of the most cost effective controls selected
from those available for all source types. It was con-
cluded that only approximately 53% of the total organ-
ic emissions could be eliminated using currently availa-
ble control technology.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, *Air pollution control,
'Cost analysis, California, Exhaust emissions, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Photochemistry,
Sources, Technology, Organic compounds, Numerical
analysis, Metropolitan areas, 'LosAngeles(California),
'Air quality, Stationary sources.
PB-273 101/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of a Fabry-Perot Interferometry to
Remote Sensing of Gaseous Pollutants. Final rept.
Aug71-Mar75,
Princeton Univ. Observatory, N.J.
W. Hayden Smith, and Robert A. King. Aug 77,144p
EPA/600/2-77/154
Contract EPA-68-02-0327, Grant EPA-R-800805
A method lor the remote sensing of molecular species
via the rotational Raman effect was developed. The
method uses the properties of a scanning Fabry-Perot
interferometer to multiplex the spectra in a manner
specific for a given species. Furthermore, the method
allows the 'in principle' sensitivity of remote pollutants
to be increased by as much as 10,000 over the vibra-
tional Raman effect. To achieve this goal, a scheme
was developed for the rejection of the Raman spectra
of the abundant background gases, N2 and 02. This
was accomplished efficiently and with little loss of the
Raman scattered light from the pollutant species. Lab-
oratory measurements were conducted to demon-
strate the method for a few specific cases; results
were encouraging. In addition to the light rejection
scheme actually used, a radically new technique using
the polarization properties of the Raman scattered
light was also developed.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Interferometers,
'Raman spectroscopy, "Gas detectors, Optical scan-
ners, Light scattering, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Filters, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Sensitivity, Air pollution, 'Fabry-Perot interferometers,
'Air pollution detection.
PB-273 102/4 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Steamboat Springs Regional Service Authority.
201 Wastewater Facilities Plan. Final environmental
Impact statement,
Weiner and Associates, Denver, Colo.
Weaton W. Wilson, and Steve Weiner. 26 Aug 77,270p
EPA/908/5-77/005
See also report dated 7 Jun 76, PB-263 320.
The report is a final environmental impact statement
(EIS) for proposed construction of additional
wastewater treatment facilities at Steamboat Springs,
within Routt County, Colorado. The U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA), Region VIII, Denver,
under the authority of Section 201 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, Is
authorized to grant 75 percent matching funds for con-
struction costs of designated wastewater treatment
facilities. Sewage discharges as a result of area growth
and development together with non-point source
runoff and irrigation return flows have degraded the
water quality of the Yampa River and Its tributaries.
Therefore, both additional sewage treatment facilities
and non-point source controls are needed to meet
water quality goals. The recommended action Is to
construct a sewage treatment plant 2 miles down-
stream of the existing lagoon system. The new plant
mil combine 5 separate districts Into a regional
system. Tertiary treatment Is required to meet water
quality goals and will be accomplished through a com-
bination of In-plant treatment and summer time
••wage Irrigation. (Color illustrations reproduced In
black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
sewage treatment, Colorado, Water quality, Yampa
jwer, Steamboat Sprlngs(Colorado), Routt
M)unty(Coiorado), Sewage treatment plants.
PB-273 105/7 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model
Version II: Refinement and Testing,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
Anthony S. Donigian, Jr., Douglas C. Beyerlein, Harley
H. Davis, Jr., ana Norman H. Crawford. Aug 77,3l2p
EPA/600/3-77/098
Grant EPA-R-803772-01
The Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model
has been refined and tested on small agricultural wa-
tersheds in Georgia and Michigan. The ARM Model
simulates the hydrologic, sediment production, pesti-
cide, and nutrient processes on the land surface and in
the soil profile that determine the quantity and quality
of agricultural runoff. This report discusses the re-
search and model refinements related to soil moisture
and temperature simulation, pesticide degradations,
nutrient transformations and plant nutrient uptake. The
goal is to evaluate and improve the pesticide and nutri-
ent simulation capabilities of the ARM Model. Howev-
er, the runoff and sediment modeling Is also analyzed
since these are the critical transport mechanisms of
agricultural chemicals. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Farms, 'Watersheds, Soil water,
Mathematical models, Tests, Management, Simula-
tion, Hydrology, Sediment transport, Pesticides, Nutri-
ents, Water quality, Objectives, Improvement, Chemi-
cal reactions, Georgia, Michigan, Temperature,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), 'ARM model, Nonpoint
sources, Model studies.
PB-273 106/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Trophic Equilibrium of Lake Washington. Final
rept. 1 Feb 73-30 Nov 76,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Zoology.
W. T. Edmondson. Aug 77,46p EPA/600/3-77/087
Grant EPA-R-802082
Sewage effluent was diverted progressively from Lake
Washington during 1963-1968, and the chemical con-
ditions changed in close relation to the amount of
sewage entering. The total phosphorus content of the
lake decreased rapidly to 1971 after which year it
varied around a value of about 50,000 kg (= 17 micro/
I) with a slight decreasing trend. The lake has retained
about 56% of the phosphorus that entered during
1971-1975. Winter means of nitrate and the annual
mean total content of Kjeldahl nitrogen has decreased
at a slow rate during the entire period. Phytoplankton
as measured by chlorophyll in the epilimnion during
summer dropped to a low value in close proportion to
phosphorus during diversion, but has decreased faster
than phosphorus during 1971-1976. A large increase
in transparency occurred in 1976. A major change is
taking place in the character of the zooplankton of
Lake Washington in that Daphnia became very abun-
dant in 1976. This event is probably not directly related
to recovery from eutrophication, so the lake is entering
a new phase.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Plankton blooms, 'Lake
Washington, Sewage, Nutrients,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Transpar-
ence, Nitrogen, Chlorophylls, Chemical equilibrium,
Balancing, Abundance, Trends, Winter, Zooplankton,
Washington(State), 'Trophic level, 'Daphnia, Epilim-
nion.
PB-273 108/1 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
A Hypothetical 1000 MW(e) Photovoltaic Solar-
Electric Plant. Final environmental Impact statement
1 Apr-31 Jul 76,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsvllle, Ala.
Huntsvllle Research and Engineering Center.
D. Richard Sears, Donald V.Merrlfleld, Morris M.
Penny, and W. Glen Bradley. Aug 77,205p LMSC-
HREC-TR-D497914, EPA/600/7-77/085
Contract EPA-68-02-1331
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Consult-
ants, Inc., Las Vegas, Nev.
This draft EIS was prepared to assist the EPA In
strengthening Its inputs to environmental Impact state-
ments in the area of new energy developments. The
document has no legal significance, and the 'proposed
action' Is entirely hypothetical. The hypothetical plant
is 1000 MWe silicon photovoltaic, located on 52 sq km
of desert near Las Vegas, Nevada. It has a 3-hour stor-
age capacity. The principal adverse environmental Im-
pacts expected relate to the destruction of soil and
vegetation on 52 sq km of desert terrain. Revegetation
is expected to be very slow without human assistance.
Numerous animals will be displaced temporarily or per-
manently. The visual impact of this project will be ex-
tensive, and no measures are known to minimize the
impact. There will be no effect on ground water, no
thermal pollution, no surface water pollution, no noise
pollution, and no effect on local historical, archaeologi-
cal, and cultural values.
Keywords: 'Solar cells, 'Environmental impact state-
ment - dDraft, 'Solar power plants, Electric power
plants, Forecasting, Photovoltaic cells, Photovoltaic
conversion, Design, Cost estimates, Soils, Vegetation,
Design, Regulations, Management planning, Govern-
ment policies, Water resources, Land use, Climatolo-
gy, Solar energy conversion, Pollution, Hydrology,
Ecology, Solid waste disposal, Socioeconomlcs, Las
Vegas(Nevada).
PB-273 111/5 PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Health Effects of Alpha-Emitting Particles In the
Respiratory Tract.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Assem-
bly of Life Sciences.
Oct 76,129p EPA/520/4-76/013
Contract EPA-68-01-2230
Report of Ad Hoc Committee on 'Hot Particles' of the
Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ioniz-
ing Radiations.
The report presents a summary and analysis of current
knowledge concerning health effects of alpha-emitting
particles In the respiratory tract. The findings of the
Committee were: (1) Lung cancer mortality in experi-
mental animals can be adequately accounted for by
averaging the absorbed alpha radiation dose over the
entirelung; (2) Human data suggests the radlocarcino-
genie sensitivity of the tracheobronchial region of the
lung is greater than that of the alveolar region and the
cancer risk for alpha irradiation of the alveolar region
would not be underestimated by using the risk factors
obtained for the tracheobronchial region; (3) Experi-
mental evidence suggests the carcinogenic response
is more a function of the amount of radioactivity in the
lung than its distribution.
Keywords: 'Alpha particles, 'Ionizing radiation, 'Radi-
ation effects, 'Respiratory system, Radiobiology,
Lung, Irradiation, Radiation dosage, Respiration, Radi-
ation hazards, Pulmonary neoplasms, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experimental data, Humans, Health risks,
Cancer, 'Carcinogenesis.
PB-273 133/9 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nationwide Evaluation of Combined Sewer Over-
flows and Urban Stormwater Discharges. Volume
I. Executive Summary,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Richard H. Sullivan, Martin J. Manning, James P.
Heaney, Wayne C. Huber, and M. A. Medina, Jr. Sep
77,109p* EPA/600/2-77/064a
Contract EPA-68-03-0283
See also Volume 2 dated Mar 77, PB-266 005. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville.
A study was conducted by the American Public Works
Association and the University of Florida to determine:
the cost of abating pollution from combined sewer
overflows and urban Stormwater, the Impact of such
pollutlonal discharges on receiving waters, and the
pollution potential of such discharges. The study was
based upon the availability of existing data and predic-
tion models. Continuous simulation runs using one
year of hourly data were made to determine the attain-
able level of pollution control with a specified availabil-
ity of storage volume and treatment rate In five cities:
Atlanta, Denver, Minneapolis, San Francisco, and
Washington, D.C. This procedure was used to derive
generated equations relating pollution control to stor-
age and treatment. These results were combined Into
a simple optimization model which determined the op-
timal mix of storage and treatment for any feasible
level of control for any city. Then the nationwide as-
sessment is presented. The results Indicate annual
costs ranging from $297 million for 25 percent pollu-
tion control to $5,029 million for 85 percent pollution
December 1983 251
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
control. The corresponding initial capital investment
ranges from $2,476 million for 25 percent control to
$41,900 million for 85 percent control. These costs
can be reduced significantly if stormwater pollution
control is Integrated with best management practices
and integrated into a multi-purpose program. The bal-
ance of the study analyzed existing published and un-
published information to characterize the pollution po-
tential of urban runoff and to estimate the impact of
such runoff on receiving waters. It was found that there
appears to be direct connections between many pa-
rameters such as BOD and suspended solids with the
amount of street refuse. However, some parameters
appear to be related to more site specific factors. As &
practical matter it was found necessary to relate pollu-
tion abatement to BOD and suspended solids, even
though there are many other pollutants in large con-
centrations such as heavy metals and phosphorus.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, * Mathematical
models, 'Sewage treatment, "Water pollution control,
'Assessments, 'Storm sewers, Cost analysis, Over-
flows, Surface water runoff, United States, water qual-
ity, Demography, Biochemical oxygen demand, Cap-
italized costs, Storage, Economics, Urban hydrology.
PB-273 163/7 PC A04/MF A01
Aerosol Research Branch, Annual Report FY
1976/76A Federal Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment Research and Development Program. Final
rapt.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
William E. Wilson, and Christine Danskin. Aug 77,69p
EPA/600/7-77/076
The research program of the Aerosol Research
Branch Includes research grants and contracts at insti-
tutions In many parts of the United States, In addition
to an Intramural program. The purpose of these proj-
ects Is to study the chemical and physical properties of
aerosols, identify the mechanisms of aerosol forma-
tion and removal, and conduct experiments to meas-
ure these rates. The results of the research are being
used (1) to establish the contribution of the various
sources to the ambient atmospheric aerosol loading,
(2) to characterize urban, natural, and primary and sec-
ondary aerosols, (3) to develop quantitative descrip-
tions of the generation and removal rates associated
wfth each major aerosol source and sink, (4) to quanti-
fy the effects of aerosol on atmospheric chemical re-
actions, and (5) as a scientific basis for recommending
regulatory actions concerned with air quality Improve-
ments.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution, Scientific re-
search, Aerial surveys, Monitoring, Field tests, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, Concentration/Composition),
Sulfates, Industrial wastes, Data analysis, Plumes,
Mathematical models, Statistical analysis, Sampling,
Particles, 'MISTT project, Atmospheric chemistry,
Coal fired power plants, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB-273 177/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Stack Test Results at Phelps-Dodge Corporation,
Ajo, Arizona. Volume I. Final rept,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
James Steiner. Mar 77,122p Aerotherm-76-231 -Vol-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -3158
See also Volume 2, PB-273 178.
In July 1976 at the request of EPA, Region IX, Enforce-
ment Division, the Aerotherm Division of the Acurex
Corporation conducted a series of air pollutant mass
emissions tests at the new Cornelia Branch copper
smelter of the Phelps Dodge Corporation located In
Ajo, Arizona. The tests were performed simultaneously
at three locations: (1) the main stack, (2) the reverber-
ator/ furnace duct and (3) the converter side sulfuric
add plant tall gas duct. Tests for paniculate matter
(Method 5), sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid (Method 8)
were conducted at each location using a combined
sampling train. In addition tests for 'condensable par-
ticulate matter1 were conducted at the main stack and
the reverberatory furnace duct using the combined
Method 5 and 8 sampling train with an instack filter
added.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Chemical Industry, Arizona, Chimneys, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industn'al wastes, Sampling, Air
pollution, Comparison, Reverberatory furnaces, Labo-
ratory equipment, Calibrating, Sites, Probes, Air filters,
Concentration(Composition), Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Volumetric analysis, EPA region 9,
Ajo(Arizona), 'Copper smelters, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, EPA method 8, EPA method 5, Procedures, Air
pollution detection.
PB-273 178/4 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Stack Test Results at Phelps-Dodge Corporation,
Ajo, Arizona. Volume II. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
James Steiner. Mar 77,41 Op Aerotherm-76-231 -Vol-2
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
See also Volume 1, PB-273 177, and Volume 3, PB-
273 179.
Contents:
Daily activities report;
Sampling data sheets and calculations;
Process weight data. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Chemical industry, Arizona, Chimneys, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Air
pollution, Comparison, Reverberatory furnaces, Labo-
ratory equipment, Calibrating, Sites, Probes, Air filters,
Concentration(Composition), Numerical analysis, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Volumetric analysis, EPA
region 9, Ajp(Arizona), 'Copper smelters, 'Air pollution
sampling, EPA method 8, EPA method 5, Procedures,
Air pollution detection.
PB-273 179/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Stack Test Results at Phelps-Dodge Corporation,
Ajo, Arizona. Volume III. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
James Steiner. Mar 77,28p Aerotherm-76-231 -Vol-3
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
See also Volume 2, PB-273178.
Contents:
Sampling schedules for simultaneous stack tests;
Weight versus time curve for glass fiber filter;
Sample calculation for statistical analysis;
Individual process weight calculations;
Individual filter, paniculate and residue weight data.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Chemical industry, Arizona, Chimneys, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Air
pollution, Comparison, Reverberatory furnaces, Labo-
ratory equipment, Calibrating, Sites, Probes, Air filters,
Concentration(Composition), Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Volu-
metric analysis, EPA region 9, AjofArizona), 'Copper
smelters, 'Air pollution sampling, EPA method 8, EPA
method 5, Procedures, Air pollution detection.
PB-273 188/3 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Radar Exposure In the San Francisco
Area,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Div.
Richard A. Tell. Mar 77,18p ORP/EAD-77/3
The report provides an analysis of ambient microwave
field Intensities produced by radar equipment In the
San Francisco area. The original data on which the
report Is based is contained in a report prepared by the
Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS), De-
partment of Commerce, Boulder, Colorado. System
characteristics were taken Into account to determine
actual field power densities illuminating the ITS moni-
toring antennas. The purpose of this analysis was to
determine the extent of ambient exposure which may
be attributed to radar installations in metropolitan
areas. Radar exposure at the Palo Alto site was .0027
mw/sq m and at the Bernal Heights site .0011 mw/sq
m for the top 10 contributing radars at each location.
These values are generally equal to or lower than com-
monly existing radio-frequency fields from signals in
the broadcast service on the basis of past EPA meas-
urements.
Keywords: 'Radiation hazards, 'Radar signals, Micro-
waves, Irradiation, Field strength, Analyzing, Metro-
politan areas, California, Electromagnetic radiation,
Power spectra, San Francisco(California).
PB-273 192/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Identification and Analysis of Polychlorlnated Bl-
phenyls and Other Related Chemicals In Municipal
Sewage Sludge Samples. Final rept. 6 Dec 76-5 Jun
77 on Task 4,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Mitchell D. Erickson, and Edo D. Pellizzan. Aug 77,
164p EPA/560/6-77/021
Contract EPA-68-01 -1978
Methods were developed for the extraction, clean-up
and GC/MS analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and related chemicals in municipal sludge
samples. Each of the sludge samples received from
nine major United States cities was processed to yield
a neutral fraction and two acid fractions which were
methylated with dimethylsulfate and diazomethane, re-
spectively. Samples were cleaned up by silica gel
column chromatography. A total of 35 chlorinated
compounds were found In the full scan GC/MS analy-
sis, including polychlorobiphenyls, polychloronaphtha-
lenes, polychloroaniline, polychlorobenzene and DDE.
Some chlorinated compounds remain unidentified.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Sludge, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Samples, Extraction, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Laboratory equipment.
Sampling, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Sewage
sludge, Polychlorinated naphthalenes, Polychlorinated
aniline, Benzene/chloro, Produces, Sulfate/dimethyl.
PB-273 195/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Survey and Evaluation of Techniques Used In
Testing Chemical Substances for Teratogenlc Ef-
fects. Final rept.
Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Oct 77,102p* EPA/560/5-77/007
Contract EPA-68-01-2204
The survey is Intended to summarize and evaluate the
methods currently used or potentially useful for testing
chemicals for teratogenic effects. The survey is evalu-
ative, and based on a literature search and information
from consultants, it covers all methods that have been
used or have been recommended for use during the
past 50 years. It also covers some methods which the
evaluation suggested might be considered or recon-
sidered in the future. It does not cover every method
that has ever been used for teratogenicity testing.
Keywords: 'Congenital abnormalities, 'Bioassay,
Chemical compounds, Drugs, Embryology,
Tables(Data), Surveys, Evaluation, In vivo analysis, In
vitro analysis, Experimental design, Tests, Popula-
tions, Surveillance, Economic analysis, Recommenda-
tions, Data analysis, Tissue culture, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experimental data, Embryos, Animal models,
•Teratogens, Teratogenesis, 'Teratology, Environ-
mental health, Fetuses, Environmental pollution, Labo-
ratory experiments.
PB-273 196/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analysis of a Series of Samples for Polybromlnat-
ed Biphenyls (PBBs). Final rept. 10 Mar-18 Jun 77
on Task 5,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Mitchell D. Erickson, Ruth A. Zweidinger, and Edo D.
Pellizzarl. Aug 77,69p EPA/560/6-77/020
Contract EPA-68-01 -1978
See also Final rept. on Task 4, PB-273 192.
Methods for the analysis of polybrominated biphenyls
(PBBs) by gas chromatqgraphy/mass spectrometry/
computer (GC/MS/COMP) were developed using a 46
cm x 0.2 cm i.d. glass column packed with 2% OV-101
coated on Gas-Chrom Q. The column was pro-
grammed from 150-300C at 20C/min for the chroma-
tography of mono-through pentabromobiphenyl and
from 220-300C at 12C/mTn for hexa- through decabro-
moblphenyl. Two separate analyses were required to
atel' .... . .. T . .. .
finitive peaks for the higher isomers. A total of 80 sam-
ples were analyzed by GC/MS in the Multiple Ion De-
252 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tection (MID) mode. They contained from undetecta-
ble to 860 micrograms/ml of PBBs. The higher Iso-
mers accounted tor the majority of the PBBs found.
Mass spectra obtained during GC/MS analysis of
some of the more highly concentrated samples not
only confirmed the presence of PBBs, but also detect-
ed polybromlnated blphenyl ethers and other bromin-
ated compounds. Three commercial samples of deca-
bromobipnenyl ether (C12BMOO) were analyzed for
impurities by GC/MS using the same conditions as for
the higher PBBs. All three samples contained
Cl2Br9CIO In small amounts and one sample con-
tained traces of C12H2Br80 and C12HBr90.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Gas chromatography, Bromine organic com-
pounds, Mass spectrometry, Samples, Ethers, Labora-
tory equipment, Industrial wastes, 'Polybromlnated bl-
phenyls, Computer aided analysis.
PB-273 197/4 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Potential Industrial Carcinogen* and Mutagens.
Final rept.,
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson,
Lawrence Fishbeln. May 77,322p* EPA/560/5-77/
005
Ninety Industrial chemicals, Illustrative of 16 major
classes and 19 structural sub-categories have been
reviewed primarily In terms of their reported carclno-
geniclty and/or mutageniclty. The compounds were
selected based on factors Including: their reported car-
clnogenicity and/or mutageniclty, their chemical struc-
tures and relationships to known carcinogens or muta-
gens, their volume or use characteristics, and suggest-
ed or estimated potential populations at risk. Addition-
ally, germane aspects (where known) of their synthe-
sis (primarily In terms of the nature of the possible haz-
ardous trace Impurities), use patterns, chemical and
biological reactivity and stability, environmental occur-
rence and metabolic fate have been Included for cohe-
slveness of treatment. It is important to note that in 52
of the above cases, both carcinogenicity and mutagen-
Icity of Individual compounds were reported. Thirty-one
compounds have been reported to be mutagenlc and
noncarclnogenlc and seven compounds are carclno-
genie and nonmutagenic. In a number of cases, there
are no reports of a compound having been tested for
carcinogenicity or mutagenicity or they are currently on
test. In some cases, conflicting carcinogenicity and/or
rnutagehicity results for the same compound were re-
ported. The largest number of industrial agents that
have been reported to be carcinogenic and/or muta-
genic are alkylating and acylating agents classified
under 12 structural headings.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Carcinogens, 'Mutagens,
Industrial hygiene, 'Organic compounds, 'Industrial
wastes, Hazardous materials, Environmental surveys,
Microorganisms, Bioassay, Public health, Alkylation,
Amines, Azo dyes, Hydroxylamlne, Hydrazlnes, Carba-
mates, Epoxides, Lactones, Sulfates, Sultones, Alde-
hydes, Ethers, Nitros compounds, Aromatic com-
pounds, Polymers, Hydrocarbons, Halogen organic
compounds, Alkanols, Halides, Esters, Phosphoric
acids, Acylation, Furans, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Azldes, Anthraquinones, Toxicology, Molecular struc-
tures, Utilization, Azirldlnes, Triazenes, Carclnogene-
sis, Mutagenesis, Cancer.
PB-273 198/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Multimedia Levels Cadmium.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Sep 77,156p* EPA/560/6-77/032
Contract EPA-68-01-1983
The report is a review of environmental levels of cad-
mium based on published reports and other informa-
tion sources. Cadmium levels are reported for the at-
mosphere, surface and ground waters, drinking water,
. sediments, soil, sludge, terrestrial and aquatic biota,
and man. The behavior of cadmium In the environment
js also discussed. Although cadmium Is present in
measurable quantities in virtually all areas, for the gen-
oral population oral Ingestion in foods can represent
tne most Important source of cadmium intake. Air-
borne sources appear to constitute a significant por-
tion of cadmium Intake for those occupational^ ex-
Posed or those residing In areas heavily polluted by
cadmium-emitting industries. Based on the information
in this document, current cadmium releases to the en-
vironment appear to be declining. However, the cadmi-
um content in fossil fuels and fertilizers is only partially
controllable, and these two sources may set the lower
bounds of attainable mlnlmums in cadmium emissions
to the environment. Most of the dissipated cadmium
eventually becomes bound to soil, sediment, and
ocean sinks. Biological accumulations of cadmium are
found In most living organisms.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Aquatic biology, Metals, Food, Behavior, Humans, Ex-
posure, Distribution, Excretion, Sediments, Sludge,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Chemical properties, Physi-
cal properties, Air, Potable water, Environments,
Rocks, Soils, Food contamination, Food chains,
Tables(Data), "Heavy metals, Environmental health,
Bio-accumulation, Cigarettes, 'Environment pollution,
Environmental transport, Body burdens.
PB-273 201/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Multimedia Levels - Mercury.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Sep 77,145p* EPA/560/6-77/031
Contract EPA-68-01-1983
This report is a review of environmental levels of mer-
cury based on published reports and other Information
sources. Mercury levels are reported for the atmos-
phere, surface and ground waters, drinking water,
sediments, soil, terrestrial and aquatic biota, and man.
The behavior of mercury in the environment Is also dis-
cussed. Higher than ambient levels of mercury are
found near mercury mines, geothermal steam fields,
power plants, Incinerators, sewage treatment plants,
some industrialized areas, and Indoors where mercury
Is used. The release of mercury from natural sources
to air and water Is double the man-related losses to
these media. The levels of mercury In biota are vari-
able, depending on food habits and environmental
conditions. The highest levels occur In animals at the
top of the trophic structure. Mercury levels In tissues of
humans are elevated In chlor-alkali industry workers, In
dentists, in people from areas with natural mercury de-
posits, and In urban populations as compared with the
rural.
Keywords: 'Mercury, 'Environmental surveys,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Surface water, Ground water, Potable water, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Soil analysis,
Sediments, Toxicity, Public health, Foods, Sources,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Permissible
dosage, Sewage treatment plants, Path of pollutants.
PB-273 202/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economics In Environ-
mental Perspective*. Task . Investigation of Alter-
native* for Selected Aerosol Propellents and Re-
lated Application* of Chlorofluorocarbon*. Final
rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Thomas W. Lapp, Gary L. Kelso, Larry Breed, Howard
Gadberry, and Thomas Milne. Oct 77,93p* EPA/560/
1-77/004
Contract EPA-68-01-3201
See also Final rept. on Task 4 dated Feb 77, PB-266
181.
Several aerosol propellent and related applications of
fluorocarbons were examined to identify existing and
technologically feasible alternatives. Associated cost
factors were also considered. Interested parties
brought these fluorocarbon applications to the atten-
tion of an interagency work group (EPA, FDA, and
CPSC) as being possible 'essential uses' of these sub-
stances. The applications examined under the task
were: flying insect insecticides, other pesticides, spray
paints, air brushes, mine safety devices, mold release
agents, lubricants, battery terminal protection, paper
frlctlonalizing indicator, electronic cleaners, burglar
alarm system, portable acoustic warning devices,
pressurized cleaners, aerosol computer tape develop-
er, diamond grit spray, electronic diagnostic chillers,
fire alarm system, fire extinguishing agents, and drain
openers.
Keywords: 'Fluorohydrocarbons, 'Propellents, 'Aero-
sols, 'Air pollution control, Pesticides, Substitutes,
Economic analysis, Freons, Paints, Warning systems,
Mines, Molding techniques, Lubricants, Electric batter-
ies, Cleaners, Computers, Electric equipment, Fire ex-
tinguishing agents, Feasibility, 'Environmental chemi-
calsubstltutes, Air brushes, Drain openers.
PB-273 203/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Site*
Trlchloroethylene.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Aug 77, 75p EPA/560/6-77/024
Contract EPA-68-01-1983
The levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) In various envi-
ronmental media were determined at four production
sites, one user site, and a background site. The ambi-
ent air level was determined on-site by direct injection
of the ambient air into a gas chromatograph followed
by detection and quantification with an electron cap-
ture detector. Water, soil, and sediment samples were
returned to Battelle for analyses. For the analyses of
water samples, TCE was sparged from the water col-
lected on a trap material using a commercial liquid
sample concentrator. The trapped organic material
was then backflushed onto a gas chromatograph
column which was connected to an electron capture
detector used to quantify the TCE in the original
sample. A similar technique was used for the quantifi-
cation of TCE In soil and sediment. The results from
the analyses and detailed descriptions of the sampling
locations are given and keyed to site maps. Consider-
able variation was observed in the maximum down-
wind levels of TCE at various production plants. Con-
centrations In ambient air ranged from less than 1 ppb
to 270 ppb. Concentrations in surface water in the vi-
cinity of production and user plants was even more
variable ranging from fractions of a ppb to over 5 ppm.
Concentrations In soil and sediment range from the
limits of detection to over 100 ppb.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Chemical analysis, 'Chemical Industry, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Sites, Monitoring, Samples,
Gas chromatography, Concentration(Composition), Air
pollution, Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sediments,
Gas analysis, Water analysis, 'Ethylene/trlchloro, *Alr
pollution detection, 'Water pollution detection, Elec-
tron capture detectors.
PB-273 204/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites
Methylchloroform.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Aug 77,82p EPA/560/6-77/025
Contract EPA-68-01 -1983
The levels of methylchloroform (MC) in various envi-
ronmental media were determined at four production
sites, one user site, and a background site. The ambi-
ent air level was determined on-sfte by direct injection
of the ambient air Into a gas chromatograph followed
by detection and quantification with an electron cap-
ture detector. Water, soil, and sediment samples were
returned to Battelle for analyses. For the analyses of
water samples, MC was sparged from the water col-
lected on a trap material using a commercial liquid
sample concentrator. The trapped organic material
was then backflushed onto a gas chromatograph
column which was connected to an electron capture
detector used to quantify the MC in the original
sample. A similar technique was used for the quantifi-
cation of MC In soil and sediment. The results from the
analyses and detailed descriptions of the sampling lo-
cations are given and keyed to site maps. Consider-
able variation was observed in the maximum down-
wind levels of MC at various production plants. Con-
centrations In ambient air ranged from less than 0.3
ppb to 155 ppb. Concentrations in surface water in vi-
cinity of production and user plants was even more
variable ranging from fractions of a ppb to over 16
ppm. Concentrations In soil and sediment range from
the limits of detection to over 6.1 ppm.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical analysis, 'Chemical Industry, Monitor-
ing, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sedi-
ments, Organic compounds, Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composltlon), Water analysis, Gas
analysis, Tables(Data), Samples, Sites, Manufacturing,
December 1983 253
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Laboratory equipment, Chlorine organic compounds,
•Chloroform/methyl, *Air pollution detection, "Water
pollution detection, Electron capture detectors.
PB-273 205/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Market Input/Output Studies. Task I. Vlnylldene
Chloride. Final rept,
Auerbach Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.
M. Lynne Neufeld, Marcus Sittenfield, Marcia J.
Ploykin, Kathryn F. Wolk, and Robert E. Boyd. Oct 77,
185p* AAI-2378/2379-101-FR-1, EPA/560/6-77/033
Contract EPA-68-01-1996
SeealsoTask4, PB-271 915.
Recent reports of the possible carcinogenic properties
of vinylidene chloride, because of structural similarity
to vinyl chloride, prompted this investigation. This
report views the chemical and physical properties of
vinylidene chloride (VDC) and its important derivitives
and polymers. A detailed discussion of the manufac-
turing process, including sites, new technologies and
environmental management is presented. The con-
sumption of VDC in the manufacture of methyl chloro-
form and alternative manufacturing processes for
methyl chloroform which do not involve VDC are dis-
cussed. The most important end use of VDC, polymeri-
zation, is described in detail. A cost performance anal-
ysis of copolymers containing VDC, VDC laminated
films, multilayer 'PVDC sandwich' type films and other
films not containing VDC such as polyethylene and po-
lyprylene is reported. Finally a summary of the chemi-
cal losses due to air emissions, liquid effluents and
solid wastes Is discussed.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Vinylidene chloride
resins, 'Marketing, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Polymerization, Manufacturing, Industrial
wastes, Process charting, Technology, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Environmental surveys, Manage-
ment planning, Synthesis(Chemistry), Cost analysis,
Plant location, Performance evaluation, Laminates,
Carcinogens, Trends, Copolymers, Reviews, Chloro-
form/methyl, Liquid wastes. Solid wastes.
PB-273 206/3 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Halogenated Benzenes. Final tech-
nical rept,
Ebon Research Systems, Washington, D.C.
Sylvia A. Ware, and William L. West. Jul 77,297p*
EPA/560/2-77/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4183
This report reviews the potential environmental hazard
from use of the halogenated benzenes. Major focus Is
In the commercially Important chlorinated benzenes,
though fluorinated, brominated and iodinated ben-
zenes are also discussed as well as mixed halogen
compounds. Hexachlorobenzene is not included in this
study except where information relates to trends within
the group of chlorinated benzenes. Chlorinated ben-
zenes are used as solvents, chemical intermediates,
for moth repellency and as space odorizers. Several
chlorinated benzenes have been detected in drinking
and raw water sources throughout the U.S. p-Dichloro-
benzene has been found in human blood samples
from New Orleans, and with 1, 2,4, S-tetrachloroben-
zene and hexachlorobenzene in human adipose tissue
samples collected in Tokyo, Japan. While of compara-
tively low acute toxiclty, chronic or 'subacute' effects
are seen at fairly low concentrations. These effects In-
clude: porphyria, necrosis of liver, kidneys and lungs,
and possible blood abnormalities. Several of the chlor-
inated benzenes are known mutagens in plants. Car-
cinogenic studies completed were of a short duration
and must be considered inconclusive until studies are
repeated using current methodologies. The extent of
metabolism of these compounds depends on the
degree of substitution, the position(s) of substitution
and the type of halogen.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Reviews,
'Environmental surveys, Soil analysis, Bromine organ-
ic compounds, Iodine organic compounds, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Fluorine organic compounds, Air
" tion, Potable water, Concentratlon(Composition),
transport, Storage, Industrial wastes, Public
, Toxicology, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Marketing, Chemical industry, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution, Surface water, Utilization, Regu-
254 Vol. 83, No. 26
lations, Standards, Manufacturing, Monitoring, Costs,
'Benzenes, Liquid wastes, Bioaccumulation.
PB-273 211/3 PCA07/MFA01
Hazardous Substances and Pesticide Survey and
Training Program. Volume I.
Garrity-Sandage Associates, Inc., Mason City, Iowa.
Apr 77,150p
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Office of Plan-
ning and Programming, Des Moines, Iowa Employ-
ment Security Commission, Des Moines, Iowa Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Des Moines, and Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. See also
Volume 2, PB-273 212.
Volume I of this report describes a survey that was
made of the use and quantities, the geographic distri-
bution and the current treatment and disposal prac-
tices of hazardous waste generators in both major and
minor industries in Iowa. It also estimated the number
and manpower characteristics of persons who daily
contact such materials as a part of their employment,
and identified the training needs in industry of persons
who daily contact hazardous materials. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Per-
sonnel development, 'Environmental surveys, 'Explo-
sives, 'Corrosives, Specialized training, Solid waste
disposal, Iowa, Utilization, Industrial hygiene, Cargo
transport, Industrial waste treatment, Materials han-
dling, Air pollution, Water pollution, Manpower, Land
disposal, 'Chemicals, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB-273 212/1 PC A07/MF A01
Hazardous Substances and Pesticides Survey and
Training Programs. Volume II.
Garrity-Sandage Associates, Inc., Mason City, Iowa.
Apr 77,141 p
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Office of Plan-
ning and Programming, Des Moines, Iowa Employ-
ment Security Commission, Des Moines, and Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. See also
Volume 1, PB-273 211.
The inconsistency of non-filterable solids data result-
ing from automatic sampling equipment used by the
Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region VII, United
States Environmental Protection Agency, was evaluat-
ed from a field sampling technique viewpoint. Resins
and other solids of varying specific gravity and particle
size were tagged with a metal salt or fluorescent mate-
rial and added to a waste stream as a synthetic sus-
pended solid to determine the collection efficiency of
the samplers. Recovery of the metal salt or fluores-
cence was used as the Indicator of solids recovery. A
832,000 liters per day (220,000 gallon per day) raw do-
mestic wastewater flow was used to conduct the test.
Recovery of solids In the hydraulic jump below the Par-
shall flume, and at the 0.6 depth In the approach chan-
nel above the flume was 25 percent below the theoreti-
cal homogeneous concentration indicated by the resin
feed rate. The results indicate the need for a method of
evaluating the wastewater characteristics for proper
sample intake tube placement.
Keywords: 'Sampling, 'Solids, Standards, Perform-
ance evaluation. Field tests, Samplers, Industrial
wastes, Efficiency, Concentration(Composition),
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, EPA region 7,
'Water pollution sampling, Water pollution detection.
PB-273 213/0 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Analysis of Economic Effects of Environmental
Regulations on the Integrated Iron and Steel In-
dustry. Volume I. Final rept.,
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Weliesley Hills,
Mass.
Darrell A. Smith. Jul 77,416p* EPA/230/3-77/015A
Contract EPA-68-01-2832
Set includes PB-273 213 thru PB-273 215.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-273 593-
An analysis is given of the economic impact of environ-
mental regulations on the Integrated Iron and Steel In-
dustry. The most likely impact in terms of capital ex-
penditures will be $6.8 billion for 1975 through 1983.
Of this, $3.6 billion will be required for water and $3.2
billion will be required for air pollution control. Annual
operating costs should increase less than 2 percent
during the next decade. The increase to steel users will
be less than 5 percent.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Economic im-
pacts, 'Environmental surveys, Standards, Operating
costs, Cost estimates, Regulations, Capitalized costs,
Guidelines, Financing, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Sensitivity, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol, Combustion products, Employment, Water quality,
Air quality.
PB-273 214/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Analysis of Economic Effects of Environmental
Regulations on the Integrated Iron and Steel In-
dustry. Volume II. Final rept.,
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
Darrell A. Smith. Jul 77,223p* EPA/230/3-77/015B
Contract EPA-68-01 -2832
See also Volume 1, PB-273 213 and PB-273 215.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-273 593-
SET.
Volume II of this report describes the research meth-
odology employed in the study of Economic Impact of
Environmental Regulations on the Iron and Steel In-
dustry. All results of the analysis are contained in
Volume I.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Economic im-
pacts, 'Environmental surveys, Standards, Operating
costs, Cost estimates, Regulations, Capitalized costs,
Guidelines, Financing, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Sensitivity, Combustion products, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Employment, Water quality, Air
quality.
PB-273 215/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Economic Analysis of Proposed and Interim Final
Effluent Guidelines. Integrated Iron and Steel In-
dustry. Final rept.,
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
Howard W. Pifer, III, and Darrell A. Smith. Apr 76,
141p* EPA/230/1-76/048
Contract EPA-68-01 -2832
See also PB-273 214.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-273 593-
An Initial analysis of the economic impact of the pro-
posed Phase (I water effluent guidelines upon the Inte-
grated Iron and Steel Industry was performed. The
most likely impact in terms of capital expenditures will
be $2.3 billion for 1975 through 1983. Of this, $1.4 bil-
lion will be required to meet BPCTCA standards and
$0.8 billion to meet BATEA standards. Annual operat-
ing costs should increase 0.5 percent during the next
decade. The increase to the consumer will be less
than 1.0 percent.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Economic im-
pacts, 'Environmental surveys, Cost estimates. Cap-
italized costs, Guidelines, Operating costs, Sensitivity,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Regula-
tions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Financ-
ing, Technology, Standards, Air quality, Water quality.
PB-273 218/8 PC A07/MF A01
Aerosol Research Branch, Annual Report FY
1976/76A. Final rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
William E. Wilson, and Christine Danskin. Aug 77,146p
EPA/600/3-77/080
The research program of the Aerosol Research
Branch includes research grants and contracts at insti-
tutions in many parts of the United States, In addition
to an intramural program. The purpose of these proj-
ects is to study the chemical and physical properties of
aerosols, identify the mechanisms of aerosol forma-
tion and removal, and conduct experiments to meas-
ure these rates. The results of the research are being
used (1) to establish the contribution of the various
sources to the ambient atmospheric aerosol loading,
(2) to characterize urban, natural, and primary and sec-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ondary aerosols, (3) to develop quantitative descrip-
tions of the generation arid removal rates associated
with each major aerosol source and sink, (4) to quanti-
fy the effects of aerosol on atmospheric chemical re-
actions, and (5) as a scientific basis for recommending
regulatory actions concerned with air quality improve-
ments. The research projects funded under EPA's
base program are described.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, "Air pollution, Exhaust emis-
sions, Concentration(Composition), Molecular struc-
ture, Sulfur, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Regulations, Smog, Test chambers, Meteorological
data, Optical properties, Mass spectroscopy, Qas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Oxidation,
Vapor pressure, Particle size distribution, Mathemat-
ical models, Sulfur oxides, Monitoring, Nitrogen diox-
ide, Sampling, Mass transfer, Sulfites, Sources, Trace
elements, Metals, Reaction kinetics, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Atmospheric chemistry, Air quality,
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-273 219/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effect of Hydrocarbon Composition on Oxldant-
Hydrocarbon Relationships. Phase II. Blend of
Total Hydrocarbon Emissions. Final rept.,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
T. R. Powers. Sep 77,110p EPA/600/3-77/109b
Contract EPA-68-02-1719
To assess the formation of atmospheric oxidants re-
sulting from exhaust emitted by catalyst-equipped ve-
hicles, chamber irradiations were conducted using a
hydrocarbon blend representing total hydrocarbon
emissions (exhaust, refueling and evaporation). Re-
sults were compared with previous irradiation results
using a hydrocarbon blend representing non-methane,
non-acetylene exhaust emissions from non-catalyst
vehicles or catalyst-equipped vehicles. The blend rep-
resenting total hydrocarbon emissions produced sig-
nificantly less oxidants than either of the other two
blends.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Oxidizers, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Air pollution, 'Assessments, Chemical compo-
sition, Oxidants, Automobiles, Fuel systems, Test
chambers, Photochemical reactions, Refueling, At-
mospheric chemistry, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems), 'Fugitive emissions, Chemical reactivity.
PB-273 224/6 PC A16/MF A01
Economic Development Administration, Washington,
D.C. Program Analysis Div.
Effects of Job Creation: A Study of the Net Cost,
Employment Effects and Long Term Impacts of
the Job Opportunities (Title X) Program. Volume
Three. Long Term Impact Case Studies,
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Louise Strayhorn, Robert Jerrett, III, James Birch,
Judith Goldberg, and Peter Scholnick. Jul 77,365p
AAI-77-28-Vol-3, EDA-77-0140
Contract EDA-C-6-36375
See also Volume 2, PB-273 223, and Volume 4, PB-
273 225.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E15, PB-273 221-
Volume Three focuses upon the potential long-term
impacts of fifty-two Title X projects upon their local
areas. Chapter II summarizes the types and extent of
impact observed at the fifty-two projects. It also high-
lights projects which appear to be particularly signifi-
cant. The fifty-two case studies appear in Chapter
Three, preceded by a chart which organizes and sum-
marizes the findings of the case studies.
Keywords: 'Employment, 'Disadvantaged groups,
Program effectiveness, Cost analysis, National gov-
ernment, Unemployment, Minority groups, Economic
conditions. Federal assistance programs, Public
works, Personnel development, Surveys, Jobs.
PB-273 264/2 PC A06/MF A01
Biological Control of Aquatic Nuisances - A
Review. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Gerald S. Schuytema. Jul 77,101 p* EPA/600/3-77/
A total of 532 references on the biological control of
aquatic nuisances were reviewed. Three major control
approaches exist. Grazing and predation have been
the most frequently utilized techniques, with emphasis
on macrophyte control by fish and insects. The use pf
pathogens is potentially effective, with most promise in
macrophyte control. Biomanipulation, the exploitation
of the interrelationships among plants and their envi-
ronment is a most promising technique for eutrophic
systems. This approach includes increasing algal
grazers while controlling zooplanktivores and exploit-
ing the competitive and growth limiting reactions
among various species. The importance of using host-
specific organisms to prevent damage to desirable
components of the ecosystem is emphasized.
Keywords: 'Aquatic weeds, 'Weed control, Reviews,
Cyanophyta, Viruses, Fungi, Bacteria, Fishes, Snails,
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Competition, Damage,
Ecology, Algae, Biomanipulation, Biological insect
control, Eutrophication, Water hyacinths, Alligator
weeds, Agasicles, Neochetlna, Predation, Tilapia.
PB-273 267/5 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxlclty Studies of Selected Chemicals. Task IV:
The Developmental Toxlclty of Ethylene Dlbro-
mlde Inhaled by Rats and Mice During Organo-
genesls. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Robert D. Short, Jr., Jan L Minor, Joseph M. Winston,
Brett Ferguson, and Timothy Linger. Jun 77,21 p EPA/
560/6-77/028
Contract EPA-68-01-3242
See also Report dated Apr 76, PB-256 659.
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) was administered at 20, 38,
and 80 ppm by inhalation to pregnant Charles River
CD rats and CD-1 mice for 23 hr/day. The exposures
started on day 6 of gestation and lasted for a total of
10 days. Observations were made on maternal welfare
and fetal development. The results of this study indi-
cate that (1) EDB is more toxic In adult mice than adult
rats, (2) adverse effects on maternal welfare, as meas-
ured by weight gain, feed consumption, and survival
were observed In both mice and rats, (3) although mor-
phological changes were observed In fetuses from
dams exposed to EDB, these effects were observed at
concentrations that also affected maternal welfare,
and (4) EDB was judged to be only a weak teratogen
with little primary effect on development.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Bromides, Bloassay, Rats, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Pregnancy, Exposure, Dosage,
Dose rate, ConcentretionlComposltlon), Respiration,
Congenital abnormalities, Growth, 'Toxic substances,
'Ethylene dibromide, Ethylene/di-bromo, 'Teratogen-
esis, Fetuses.
PB-273 269/1 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of the Standard Sampling Technique
for Suspended Solids. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Kans.
Field Investigations Section.
Gregory D. Reed. 1977,66p EPA/907/9-77/001
The inconsistency of non-filterable solids data result-
Ing from automatic sampling equipment used by the
Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region VII, United
States Environmental Protection Agency, was evaluat-
ed from a field sampling technique viewpoint. Resins
and other solids of varying specific gravity and particle
size were tagged with a metal salt or fluorescent mate-
rial and added to a waste stream as a synthetic sus-
pended solid to determine the collection efficiency of
the samplers. Recovery of the metal salt or fluores-
cence was used as the indicator of solids recovery. A
832,000 liters per day (220,000 gallon per day) raw do-
mestic wastewater flow was used to conduct the test.
Recovery of solids in the hydraulic jump below the Par-
shall flume, and at the 0.6 depth in the approach chan-
nel above the flume was 25 percent below the theoreti-
cal homogeneous concentration Indicated by the resin
feed rate. The results indicate the need for a method of
evaluating the wastewater characteristics for proper
sample Intake tube placement.
Keywords: 'Sampling, 'Solids, Standards, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field tests, Samplers, Industrial
wastes, Efficiency, Concentration(Compositlon),
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, EPA region 7.
'Water pollution sampling, Water pollution detection.
PB-273 349/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Monitoring to Detect Previously Unrecognized
Pollutants In Surface Waters. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
B. B. Ewing, E. S. K. Chian, J. C. Cook, C. A. Evans,
and P. K. Hopke. Jul 77,84p EPA/560/6-77-015
Contract EPA-68-01-3234
See also Appendix, PB-273 350.
Contents:
lntroduction--(Background and Objectives,
Organization, and Sample Collection and
Analysis Schedule);
Site selection, sample collection, and gross
analysis--(Site Selection, Sample Collection,
and Gross Analysis);
Sample preparation-(stripplng Procedures, Liquid-
liquid Extraction, and Sorpttve Extraction
Technique);
Inorganic analysis-(Spark-source Mass Spectral
Analysis, Instrumental Neutron Activation
Analysis, and Energy-dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Analysis);
Organic analysls-(ldentification of Organics,
Quantltation of Organics, and Summary of the
Organic Compounds Found).
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Surface waters, 'Industrial
wastes, Sites, Sampling, Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, ConcentrationjComposition), Trace ele-
ments, Oxidation reduction reactions, Neutron activa-
tion analysis, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry, X
ray analysis, Fluorescence, pH, Conductivity, 'Water
pollution detection, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-273 350/9 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Monitoring to Detect Previously Unrecognised
Pollutants In Surface Waters-Appendix: Organic
Analysis Data. Appendix to Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
B. B. Ewing, E. S. K. Chian, J. C. Cook, C. A. Evans,
and P. K. Hopke. Jul 77,304p EPA/560/6-77/015a
Contract EPA-68-01-3234
See also Final rept., PB-273 349.
Samples of surface waters were collected from 204
sites near heavily industrialized areas across the
United States. The samples were analyzed for all con-
taminants present at concentrations greater than one
part per billion. Each water sample was preconcentrat-
ed for analysis of organics In three fractions: volatile
organics by nitrogen-gas stripping and the less-volatile
organics by extraction with chloroform under both
basic and acidic conditions. Organic constituents were
identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
and quantified by gas-chromatographlc techniques. In-
organic constituents were determined by spark-source
mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray fluores-
cence analysis, and Instrumental neutron activation
analysis. For comparison with previous data from the
same sites, the samples were also analyzed for total
chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, conductivity, pH,
color, oxidation-reduction potential, suspended solids,
and volatile suspended solids. Results of the inorganic
analyses were presented In previous quarterly prog-
ress reports. Final results of the organic analyses are
presented In this appendix to the final report.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Surface waters, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Organic compounds, Sites, Sampling, Water
analysis, Chemical analysis,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Tables(Data), Trace ele-
ments, Oxidation reduction reactions, Neutron activa-
tion analysis, Qas chromatography, Mass spectrom-
etry, X ray analysis, Fluorescence, pH, Conductivity,
•Water pollution detection, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-273 366/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Ranked Input and Output Data Used to Determine
Impact of New Source Performance Standards for
Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide, and Other Pol-
lutants. Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
December 1983 255
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
613p* EPA/450/3-76/019c
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also report dated Apr 111 PB-271 329.
The purpose of this document Is to present the results
of a study to determine the Impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as Input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains Information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, state emission limita-
tions, Industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendices
H through P of Volume III.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion
products, 'Sources, Standards, Classifications, Plan-
ning, United States, State government, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Data processing, Data acquisi-
tion, TablesfData), Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution standards, New
source performance standards, Nationwide implemen-
tation.
PB-273 367/4 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Generation and Simulation of Metallic Paniculate
Air Pollutants by Electric Are Spraying. Final rept.
Jul 73-Jan 75,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
B. Llnsky, R. Hedden, M. Naylor, end F. Dlmmlck. Sep
77,336p EPA/600/2-77/201
Grant EPA-R-801858
The report gives results of efforts to provide a generat-
ed output with an appropriate mass and concentration
of fresh, dry, fine metal oxide particles for bench or
pilot scale fine paniculate collection research and de-
velopment work. The work Involved two electric arc
aerosol generators: one using a single consumable
electrode of welding wire; the other, two comsumable
wire electrodes of a commercially available electric arc
metallizer. The generated aerosols were exhausted
Into a duct system and sampled using membrane fil-
ters. The single electrode generator produced 0.67 g/
cu m of 0.1 micrometer diameter iron oxide particles as
sampled by an Andersen Stack Sampler. The mass
emission rate with an average of 1.95 g/min varied
within a + or -12% range. The double electrode gen-
erator produced submlcron particles (measure by
scanning electron microscopy). Mass volumetric con-
centrations ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 g/cu m for zinc
oxide aerosols. The mass emission rate averaged 8.6
g/min for the zinc oxide aerosols and 7.7 g/min for the
iron oxide aerosols. (The zinc oxide was ZnO and the
iron oxide, Fe3O4.) The double electrode generator
was further tested and validated for reproducibilities of
total mass volumetric concentration and basic particle
diameter distributions. Variables of operation were in-
vestigated to determine their effect on the mass volu-
metric concentration of the aerosol.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Fines, 'Metal powder, 'Aero-
sol generators, Air pollution control, Membranes, Parti-
cles, Aerosols, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Particle
size distribution, Technology, Agglomerates, Electron
diffraction, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory equipment,
Zinc oxides, Iron oxides, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Particle size, Volumetric analysis, Numeri-
cal analysis, Pilot plants, Electric arcs, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-273 358/2 PC A07/MFI3.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Sampling and Analysis of Selected Toxic Sub-
stances. Tack I - vlnylldene Chloride. Final task
rept. Jun 76-Sep 77,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
John E. Going, and James L. Spigarelll. Oct 77,150p
EPA/560/6-77/026
Contract EPA-68-01-4115
See also Final rept. on Task 4 dated Jul 76, PB-256
234.
A sampling and analysis program was conducted to
determine the levels of vinylidene chloride in air and
water around six industrial sites, in selected municipal
drinking waters and in selected polymeric materials.
The Industrial sites included monomer producers, poly-
mer producers and polymer users. Air was collected at
perimeters of the industrial sites as 24-hr composite
samples using charcot adsorption tubes. Grab water
samples were collected up- and downstream, at the
plant discharge and at the municipal water treatment
plants. Air levels ranged from 52 microgram/sq m to
nondetectable at the industrial sites; water levels
ranged from 550 microgram/llters to nondetectable at
the plant sites and from 0.06 microgram/liters to non-
detectable in the drinking waters. The air and water
samples were analyzed by GC and results confirmed
by GC/MS. Other components in the samples were
identified by GC/MS.
Keywords: 'Vinylidene chloride, 'Industrial wastes,
'Chemical industry, 'Chemical analysis, Polymers,
Water analysis, Gas analysis, Potable water, Monitor-
ing, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Manufacturing, Sites,
Laboratory equipment, Tables(Data), Air pollution,
Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sediments, 'Water pol-
lution detection, 'Air pollution detection, Monomers.
PB-273 359/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Nonwoven Fabric Filters for Partlculate Removal
In Resplrable Dust Range. Final rept. 7 Oct 74-6 Oct
76,
Textile Research Inst., Princeton, N.J.
Bernard Miller, George Lamb, Peter Costanza, and
Jeffrey Craig. Oct 77,65p EPA/600/7-77/115
Grant EPA-R-800042
The report gives results of an extension of studies of
the influences of fiber geometric properties on the abil-
ity of nonwoven fabrics to filter particles from gas
streams to a wider range of geometric variables and to
the measurement of capture efficiencies for particle
sizes In the respirable range down to 0.024 microme-
ters. In addition to the light-weight (about 0.17 kg/sq
m) fabrics studied earlier, commercial-weight (about
0.5 kg/sq m) fabrics were prepared from experimental
fibers and evaluated in flat patch form. Some of these
heavier fabrics were made into filter bags and tested in
a laboratory baghouse equipped with automatic pulse-
Jet cleaning. Fibers with certain cross-sections (espe-
cially, trilobal) were found to increase flyash particle
capture efficiency, especially in the submicron sizes,
once a cake forms. The improvement occurs with no
pressure drop increase. In comparing rough and
smooth fibers, certain rough fibers appear to improve
capture of the smallest particles after dust cake forma-
tion. Crimped fibers lead to better flyash filtration per-
formance than uncrimped, but the crimp frequency has
no noticeable effect. The capture efficiency increase
accompanying a fiber diameter decrease follows dif-
ferent empirical relationships, depending on cake for-
mation.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control, Dust col-
lectors, Air filters, Fly ash, Performance evaluation,
Aerosols, Design criteria, Revisions, Fibers, Geometric
surfaces, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
'Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB-273 362/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Automatic Exchange Realn Pilot Plant for Remov-
al of Textile Dye Wastes. Final rept. 1 Apr 75-15 Apr
Bennett Coll., Greensboro, N.C.
Allison Maggiolo, and J. Henry Sayles. Jul 77,66p
EPA/600/2-77/136
Grant EPA-R-803455-01
The report gives results of an investigation of the use
of adsorption resins to remove colored dyes from tex-
tile dyeing wastewaters, using an automated benchs-
cale pilot unit. This could make possible the reuse of
the treated wastewaters in subsequent dyeing oper-
ations. The scale of operation facilitated accumulation
of reliable data on which to base cost estimates for
commercial operation. At a wastewater treatment rate
of 20,000 gpd by resin adsorption, the amortized oper-
ating cost is estimated to be $3.47/1000 gal. An esti-
mated capital investment of $86,000 will be required.
These costs are believed competitive to other possible
dye waste treatment processes. Use of properly se-
lected adsorption resins was found to be effective for
removing dyes from textile wastewaters. The finding is
particularly important to the use of dispersed type
dyes, which are largely inert to biological waste treat-
ment processes, passing through such treatment rela-
tively unchanged. In addition to the possible reuse of
treated wastewater and elimination of possible
damage to natural aesthetics, the removal of color
substances reduces the tendency toward several
other ecological problems in effluent receiving waters.
Color substances tend to reduce light penetration and
subsequent production of oxygen oy photosynthesis,
damaging marine life and algae growth. They also che-
late metal Ions, and some are toxic and suspect car-
cinogens. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: 'Textile industry, *Dyes, "Water pollution
control, 'Ion exchange resins, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Adsorption, Circulation, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, Biochemical oxygen demand.
Water reuse, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-273 368/9 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Mississippi
Lakes. Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
L. H. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C, Hern, and
J. W. Hllgert. Sep 77,36p EPA/600/3-77/101
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 5 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey in the state of Missis-
sippi. Results from the calculation of several water
quality Indices are also Included.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Aquatic microbiology,
'Fresh water biology, 'Lakes, 'Mississippi, 'Water
pollution, Surveys, Abundance, Water quality, Monitor-
Ing, Distributlon(Property), Algae, Chlorophylls, Plank-
ton, Classifications, Environmental Impacts,
Tables(Data), Assessments, 'Eutrophication, 'Trophic
level, Species diversity, 'Water quality data.
PB-273 391/3 PC A20/MF A01
The Aerometrlc and Emissions Reporting System
(AEROS) Manual Series. Volume II. AEROS user's
Manual. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 76, 468p EPA/450/2-76/029, OAQPS-1.2-039
See also Volume 1 dated Feb 76, PB-251 614.
This manual provides appropriate guidance to the
AEROS user for the preparation, collection, and main-
tenance of data into the AEROS systems. Recognizing
that the establishment of standardized methods and
procedures is of primary importance in maintaining an
efficient and effective information reporting system,
NADB has developed a series of preprinted forms to
be used for the recording and reporting of air quality
and emissions data. Section 2 of this volume presents
a full description of each form and its purpose, and a
sample copy of the form. Detailed instructions for cal-
culating and entering data on each of these forms are
presented in Section 3. A comprehensive set of key-
punching instructions for each of the AEROS forms is
provided in Section 4. Section 5 is 'Open', and may be
used for future expansion of this Volume. The flow of
information into and out of NADB and the Regional
Office is detailed in Section 6 with instructions for
transmitting data to NADB. Section 7 details the proc-
esses involved in the detection and resolution of data
errors. The AEROS Manual Series consists of the fol-
lowing five volumes: AEROS Overview, Vol. I, AEROS
User's Manual, Vol. II, AEROS Summary and Retrieval
Manual, Vol. Ill, NADB Internal Operations Manual,
Vol. IV, and AEROS Manual of Codes, Vol. V.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Man-
uals, Management planning, Management information
systems, Hazardous materials, Trace elements.
Sources, Data acquisition, Data processing, 'Aerome-
trlc and emissions reporting system, Air quality data,
National emissions data system, Point sources, Stor-
age and retrieval of aerometric data, AEROS system.
256 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-273 394/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Instrumentation for Monitoring the Opacity of
Paniculate Emissions Containing Condensed
Water. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 76,
Interpoll, Inc., St. Paul, Minn.
MilosTomaides. Aug 77,46p EPA/600/2-77/124
Contract EPA-68-02-2225
On-stack instrumentation and methodology were de-
veloped to monitor the opacity of paniculate pollutants
in stationary source emissions containing condensed
water. The instrument continuously extracts and
measures the opacity of representative samples of
paniculate effluent. It discriminates between pollutant
particles and condensed water by increasing the tem-
perature of the sample and vaporizing the condensed
moisture. The opacity of the remaining particles is
measured with any commercially available high preci-
sion optical transmissometer. The instrument was suc-
cessfully field tested on (1) the effluent from a furnace
of an expended perlite manufacturing plant and (2) the
effluent from a wet scrubber of a sludge incinerator.
For paniculate emissions containing no condensed
water, opacity results measured by the new instrument
compared favorably with results measured by a con-
ventional across-slack transmissometer monitor.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitors, 'Opacity, 'Water
vapor, Aerosols, Particles, Plumes, Sources, Instru-
mentation, Continuous sampling, Perlite, Construction
materials, Sewage treatment, Field tests, Sludge dis-
posal, Optical measurement, Transmissometers, 'Air
pollution sampling, Participates, Stationary sources,
Sewage sludge disposal.
PB-273 427/5 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Heavy Duty Fuel Economy Program. Phase II.
Evaluation of Emission Control Technology Ap-
proaches. Final rept. on Phase 2,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex.
Charles M. Urban, and Karl J. Springer. Jul 77,393p
SwRI-AR-1200, EPA/460/3-77/015
Contract EPA-68-03-2220
This report describes the laboratory effort toward re-
ducing emission and fuel consumption In a heavy-duty
gasoline engine, while retaining current durability per-
formance. The goals were HC plus NOx of 6.7 g/kw-hr
(5g/bhp-hr) CO of 33.5 g/kW-hr (25 g/bhp-hr), a ten
percent reduction in specific fuel consumption and
1500 hours of service accumulation, using the proce-
dures proposed for the 1979 model year. The Initial
laboratory evaluations involved standard carburetors,
a Oresserator Inductor, a Bendlx electronic fuel injec-
tion system, exhaust manifold thermal reactors, ex-
haust gas reclrculation along with a number of other
engine emissions control components and operating
parameters. Based on the project goals and the initial
results, a system was selected to undergo final opti-
mization and service accumulation. The system select-
ed consisted of electronic fuel injection, thermal reac-
tors with air injection, exhaust gas recirculatlon and a
nigh energy ignition system with vacuum advance.
mis system met the emissions and specific fuel con-
sumption goals and completed 1500 hours of service
accumulation. During the last 750 hours of service ac-
cumulation, a heavy-duty oxidation catalyst was includ-
ed in the exhaust system as an add-on to the opti-
mized system. Subsequent to the 1500 hours of serv-
ice accumulation, this engine was Installed Into a
heavy-duty truck for an evaluation of dnveabillty and
Performance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Gasoline engines, Performance evaluation, Dynamo-
peters, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Fuel systems, Trucks. Fuel consumption, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, 'Heavy duty
vehicles, Air pollution detection.
j"B-273 440/8 PC A02/MF A01
Rational Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Excerpt* from Control of Infiltration and Inflow
'"to Sewer Systems and Prevention and Correc-
«°n of Excessive Infiltration and Inflow Into
f*wer Systems: A Manual of Practice.
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
4,17p EPA/670/9-74/004
See also report dated Jan 71, PB-203 206 and report
dated Dec 70, PB-200 827.
As a result of a national study of the sources and pre-
vention of infiltration and inflow, a Manual of Practice
was proposed. The Manual is Intended to serve as a
guide to local officials in evaluating their construction
practices, conducting surveys to determine the extent
and location of infiltration and inflow, the making of
economic analyses of the cost of excessive infiltra-
tion/inflow waters; and instituting corrective action.
Excerpts from sewer control legislation are given as
well as information on air and exriltration testing.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Water influx, 'Fluid infiltration,
Manuals, Ground water, Sanitary sewers, Sewage
treatment, Combined sewers, Design criteria, Cost
analysis, Soils, Leakage, Sanitary engineering.
PB-273 441/6 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1976 First Quarter Statistics.
Quarterly rept. Jan-Mar 76.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 77,121p EPA/450/2-77/014
See also 1975 report dated Oct 76, PB-260 380.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, States(United States), Parti-
cles, Tables(Data), Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Oxidlzers, Hydrocarbons, Statistical
data, 'Air quality data, Photochemical oxidants, Stor-
age and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB-273 442/4 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Data -1976 Second Quarter Statistics.
Quarterly rept. Apr-Jun 76.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 77,104p EPA/450/2-77/015
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-261 077 and PB-273
441.
This report Is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations (or State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, States(Unlted States), Parti-
cles, Tables(Data), Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Oxidizers, Hydrocarbons, Statistical
data, 'Air quality data, Photochemical oxidants, Stor-
age and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB-273 443/2 PC A05/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1976 Third Quarter Statistics.
Quarterly rept. Jul-Sep 76.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 77,85p EPA/450/2-77/016
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-263 907 and PB-273
442.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks In accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, States(Un!ted States), Parti-
cles, TaWes(Data), Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Oxkflters, Hydrocarbons, Statistical
data, 'Air quality data, Photochemical oxidants, Stor-
age and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB-273 464/8 PC A02/MF A01
Coal Cleaning with Scrubbing for Sulfur Control:
An Engineering/Economic Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Aug 77,22p* EPA/600/9-77/017
Coal is a heterogeneous material containing organic
combustible matter and mineral matter. The mineral
matter (i.e., impurities) may be broadly divided into two
categories; those forming ash and those that contrib-
ute sulfur. Such ash-forming and sulfur-containing im-
purities may be further divided into two groups; (1)
those that are chemically a part of the coal and cannot
be removed by mechanical processes, and (2) those
that are not chemically bound to the coal and can be
removed to varying degrees by mechanical means. It
is toward this latter category that physical coal clean-
ing (coal beneficiation, preparation, or washing) is di-
rected. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Sulfur, 'Economic analysis, 'Coal preparation,
Electric power plants, Sulfur oxides, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, 'Coal fired power plants,
'Combined cycles, * Air pollution abatement.
PB-273 469/7 PC A09/MF A01
Radiation Protection Activities -1976. Annual rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
Aug 77,186p EPA/520/4-77/005
See also report for 1975 dated Jun 76, PB-259 655.
Contents:
Naturally-occurring radioactive materials;
Medical radiation exposure;
Nuclear power;
Other nuclear sources;
Protection from nonionizing radiation;
Occupational exposure;
Comprehensive executive activities.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radiobiology, 'Radiation
protection, Government agencies, National govern-
ment, X ray irradiation, Exposure, Tables(Data), Radi-
ology, Nuclear power plants, Monitors, Regulations,
Legislation, Nuclear energy, Nonionizing radiation, Oc-
cupational safety and health, Radiation control legisla-
tion, Radiation control programs, Nuclear medicine.
PB-273 471/3 PC A05/MF A01
Guidance Economic Analysis for the Concrete
Products Industries.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Jul 77,100p* EPA/440/2-77/016
This study Is to analyze the economic impact which
could result from the application of alternative effluent
limitation guidelines and standards of performance to
be established under sections 304 (b) and 306 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, (FWPCA) as
amended. The Guidance Document surveys existing
and potential waste treatment control methods and
technology within particular industrial sources catego-
ries and supports proposal of certain effluent limitation
guidelines and standards of performance based upon
an analysis of the feasibility of these guidelines and
standards in accordance with the requirements of sec-
tions 304 (b) and 306 of the Act. Presented are the in-
vestment and operating costs associated with various
alternative control and treatment technologies. The
document supplements this analysis by estimating the
broader economic effects which might result from the
required application of various control methods and
technologies. This study Investigates the effect of al-
ternative approaches in terms of product price In-
creases, effects upon employment and the continued
viability of affected plants, effects upon foreign trade
and other competitive effects.
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Concrete products,
'Water pollution economics, Guidelines, Water pollu-
tion standards, Performance evaluation, Industrial
waste treatment, Operating costs, Water pollution con-
trol, Employment, Cost estimates, Markets, Financing,
Sources, SIC 3271, SIC 3272, SIC 3273.
December 1983 257
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-273 484/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Pollution Control Division Reports and
Project Abstracts. Bibliography,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
James R. Boydston. Oct 77,96p* EPA/600/9-77/030
This report contains bibliographic information and ab-'
streets for all reports issued by EPA and its predeces-
sor agencies on the development and demonstration
of technology to control pollution from those industries
which are assigned to lERL-Cincinnati. The major in-
dustries included are: non-ferrous metals, inorganic
chemicals, organic chemicals, food products, pulp,
paper and wood products, and metal finishing and fa-
bricating. Abstracts are also included for all projects
currently under way by the division.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts. Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Paper industry, Metal in-
dustry, Metal finishing, Technology, Food industry,
Manufacturing, SIC numbers.
PB-273 497/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Source Testing of a Stationary Coke-Side Enclo-
sure. Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, St. Louis,
Missouri Plant. Volume I,
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc., Southfield,
Mich.
John E. Mutchler, Thomas A. Loch, Fred I. Cooper,
and Janet L. Vecchio. 31 Aug 77,120p EPA/340/1 -
77/0148
Contract EPA-68-02-1408
See also Volume 2, PB-273 498.
This report summarizes a study of coke-side emissions
at three coke-oven batteries producing foundry coke at
Great Lakes Carbon Corporation (GLC) in St. Louis,
Missouri. Of the three batteries, the south battery 'A' is
equipped with the coke-side shed. The center battery
'B and the north battery 'C' were not equipped with a
functional shed at the time of the study. Objectives of
this study were to develop: (1) Basic engineering data
concerning process emissions, fugitive emissions from
the shed, capture efficiency of the shed, and quantity
and characteristics of contaminants present in the
shed exhaust; (2) Other basic engineering data for
specification of future retrofitted control devices for re-
moval of air contaminants in the shed exhaust; and (3)
Correlations to relate these measurements to process
conditions.
Keywords: 'Coke ovens, 'Air pollution, 'Coking,
Sheds, Particles, Particle size distribution, Process
charting, Design criteria, Sampling, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Sources,
Monitoring, Sites, Dust, Tables(Data), Performance
evaluation, Chemical analysis, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Saint Lquis(Missouri), Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB-273 498/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Source Testing of a Stationary Coke-Side Enclo-
sure. Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, St. Louis,
Missouri Plant. Volume II,
Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc., Southfield,
Mich.
John E. Mutchler, Thomas A. Loch, Fred I. Cooper,
and Janet L. Vecchio. 31 Aug 77,151 p EPA/340/1 -
77/014b
Contract EPA-68-02-1408
See also Volume 1, PB-273 497.
Volume 2 contains the appendices. Titles are as fol-
lows: Emission measurement project participants;
Pushing-cycle paniculate test results; Non-pushlng-
cycle paniculate test results; Particle size distribution
data; Emission results of gases and other materials;
Sampling summary sheets; X-ray fluorescence spec-
trometer analysis ol coke-side paniculate emissions;
Microscopic analysis of coke-side paniculate emis-
sions; EPA report of continuous opacity meas-
urements using atransmissometer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coke ovens, 'Coking,
Sheds, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Sampling. X
ray analysis, Fluorescence, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Particle size distribution,
'Saint Louis(lylissouri), Air pollution sampling, Fugitive
emissions, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-273 500/9 PC A10/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Recent Advances In Fish Toxicology - A Sympo-
sium Held In Corvallis, Oregon on January 13-14,
1977,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
Richard A. Tubb. Jul 77,212p* EPA/600/3-77/085
Contents:
A multiple approach to solving the gas
supersaturation problem;
Effects of kepone on estuarine organisms;
Collagen metabolism in fish exposed to organic
chemicals;
Effects of short-term exposures to total residual
chlorine on the survival and behavior of
largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides);
An approach for studying the effects of mixtures of
environmental toxicants on whole organism
performances;
Relationship between pH and acute toxicity of free
cyanide and dissolved sulfide forms to the
fathead minnow;
The acute toxicity of nitrite to fishes;
Copper toxicity-A question of form;
The role of cyanide as an ecological stressing
factor to fish;
An assessment of application factors in aquatic
toxicology.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, Toxicity,
Aquatic animals, Gases, Supersaturation, Collagens,
Metabolism, Organic compounds, Chlorine, Cyanides,
Inorganic sulfides, Nitrites, Copper, Water quality,
Ecology, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Kepone.
PB-273 502/5 PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
The Trophic Status and Phosphorus Loadings of
Lake Champlaln. Final rept. Aug 76-Aug 77,
Vermont Univ., Burlington.
E. B. Henson, and Gerhard K. Gruendling. Sep 77,
156p EPA/600/3-77/106
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York
Coll. at Pittsburgh. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Boston, Mass. Region I.
Information on the trophic status of the several basins
of Lake Champlain is summarized, the amounts and
distribution of total phosphorus loading into the lake
are evaluated, and recommendations for further study
are made. The general objective is to provide basic
background information to assist in the development
of nutrient control policies for proper lake manage-
ment. There is a short discussion of the role of phos-
phorus in the lake ecosystem, how recent thinking is
leading to studies of eutrophication models, and a
presentation of estimated historical loadings. Ongoing
studies by various agencies and universities are listed
and an extensive bibliography is provided.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Champlain, Algae, Fresh water biology, Limnology,
Distribution(Property), Volume, Nutrients, Water pollu-
tion control, Land use, Physical properties,
Concentration(Composition), Policies, Environmental
impacts, Water masses, New York, Tables(Data),
'Trophic level, Eutrophication, Organic loadings.
PB-273 803/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Off-Highway Mobile
Source Emission Inventory. Final rept.,
Rockwell International Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Fred E. Llttman, and K. M. Isam. Oct 77,50p EPA/
600/4-77/041
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
An emission inventory of mobile off-highway sources
of air pollution has been determined for the Regional
Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in St. Louis, Missouri. Emis-
sions of HC, CO, NOx, SOx and paniculate matter
have been calculated with the aid of a computer for the
1,989 grid squares comprising the St. Louis Air Quality
Control Region. Source categories included motorcy-
cles, lawn and garden equipment, industrial equip-
ment, construction equipment, farm equipment and
outboard motorboats. Emissions contributed by each
category were treated separately. Simplifying assump-
tions pertaining to area distribution of source popula-
tions and usage were used to make calculations possi-
ble which generally inadequate data would have other-
wise prohibited. The procedures involved in arriving at
grid element emission values are described in detail.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Inventories, 'Air pol-
lution, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monixide, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Panicles, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Numerical analysis,
Saint Louis(Missouri), Emission factors, RAPS pro-
gram.
PB-273 504/1 PC A03/MF A01
Sulfur Dioxide Bubbler Temperature Study,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Barry E. Martin. Aug 77,32p EPA/600/4-77/040
This paper describes a series of temperature-con-
trolled studies designed to determine the temperature
characteristics of several thermostated systems used
to collect sulfur dioxide from the ambient air by the
EPA Federal Reference Method.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'High temperature tests,
'Samplers, Samples, Laboratory equipment, Chemical
analysis, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-273 513/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Guide to Preselection of Training Samples and
Ground Truth Collection,
Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc., Las Vegas, Nev.
Remote Sensing Lab.
Charles E. Tanner. Sep 77,32p* EPA/600/7-77/100
Contract EPA-68-03-2153
This report was prepared to provide the novice data
processing analyst and field personnel with the tools
and basic concepts used in the processing of multi-
spectral scanner data via an interactive or convention-
al processing system. Included in the guide is an expla-
nation of the need for the collection of accurate/inex-
pensive 'ground truth' and brief descriptions of the var-
ious ecosystems that will be encountered in this study.
Also, a detailed list of the actual parameters that
should be included in a well-designed ground truth
form are provided. Sampling schemes from Landsat
and aircraft multispectral scanner data are also dis-
cussed at length along with procedures and recom-
mendations for selecting training samples from pho-
tography for use in automatic data processing.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Natural resources,
'Pattern recognition, Data processing, Sampling,
Landsat satellites.
PB-273 515/7 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In West Virginia
Lakes. Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R.
Williams, and W. D. Taylor. Sep 77,29p EPA/600/3-
77/103, Working Paper-693
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In 4 lakes sampled by the Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey in the state of West Vir-
ginia. Results from the calculation of several water
quality Indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Aquatic microbi-
ology, 'Water pollution, Surveys, Abundance, Classifi-
cations, Indexes(Ratlos), Tables(Data),
Distrlbution(Property), West Virginia, 'Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Species diversity, Trophic level.
258 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-273 518/1 PC A13/MF A01
Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
Measurement Systems. Volume II. Ambient Air
Specific Methods,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
DarryT J. von Lehmden, and Carl Nelson. May 77,
279p* EPA/600/4-77/027a
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also Volume 1, PB-254 658.
This Handbook Includes quality assurance guidelines
on ambient air measurement systems. Regardless of
the scope and magnitude of the ambient air measure-
ment system, there are a number of common consid-
erations pertinent to the production of quality data.
These common parameters are discussed in Section
2.0 of Volume II and include quality assurance guide-
lines in the areas of: (1) Sampling site selection con-
siderations, (2) Sampling considerations, (3) Data han-
dling and reporting, (4) Compliance monitoring refer-
ence and equivalent methods, and (5) Recommended
minimum quality assurance program for ambient air
monitoring systems. The remainder of Volume II con-
tains pollutant-specific quality assurance guidelines.
Initially Volume II includes guidelines for the following
pollutant-specific measurement systems: Section 2.1
reference method for determination of sulfur dioxide
(pararosanlllne method) and Section 2.2 reference
method for determination of suspended participates
(high volume method). Operators and managers re-
sponsible for ambient air measurements will find
volume II useful in planning quality assurance.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control, Air
pollution, Guidelines, Sampling, Sites, Monitoring,
Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Management planning, Sam-
plers, Auditing, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Data
processing, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, *Alr pol-
lution sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB-273 522/3 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Wag* Incentives for Solid Waste Collection Per-
sonnel. Final rept,
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Dept. of Mechanical and Indus-
trial Engineering.
Richard L. Shell, and Dean S. Shupe. Apr 77,211p
EPA/600/2-77/019
Grant EPA-R-801617
An assessment was made of a time and wage incen-
tive program for solid waste collection and supervisory
personnel in the test city, Covington, Kentucky. On an
annuallzed basis, cost savings amounting to $113,000
(19 percent of budget) resulted from implementation of
the new program. The major areas of research includ-
ed an assessment of union/management/worker be-
havioral attitudes, construction of a solid waste gen-
eration/collection computerized data bank, develop-
ment of work standards utilizing work measurement
techniques, application of time standards to area route
development, and design of a prototype wage incen-
tive program based on area routes with known work
content. Political considerations and the inherent char-
acteristics of municipal government organization were
identified as major constraints to effective manage-
ment of solid waste collection operations and cost re-
ductions.
Keywords: 'Incentive plans, 'Salary administration,
Productivity, Solid waste disposal, Services, Labor re-
lations, Morale, Performance, Work measurement,
Local government, Municipalities, Urban areas, Ken-
tucky, Covington(Kentucky).
PB-273 524/9 PC A21/MF A01
Final EIS/EIR Las Vlrgenes-Trlunfo Mallbu-To-
panga Area Wide Facilities Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Sep77,477p
Prepared in cooperation with EDAW, Inc., Newport
Beach, Calif. See also PB-273 525.
The purpose of the final Las Virgenes Municipal Water
District (LVMWD) - Triunfo County Sanitation District
(TCSD) Area Wide Facilities Project Plan Report is to
define and analyze two specific elements of the pro-
posed facilities plan for the LVMWD/TCSD area.
These two elements are the Calabasas Reclaimed
Water Une and improvements to the solids handling
capability of LVMWD's Tapia Water Reclamation Fa-
cility (WRF). Various alternatives are presented and
preferred alternatives are recommended for both proj-
ects. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Sewage treatment, 'California, 'Sludge disposal,
Sewage disposal, Water quality, Land use, Irrigation,
California, Triunfo County(Californla), Los Angeles
County(California), Ventura County(California),
'Sewage irrigation.
PB-273 525/6 PC A25/MF A01
Final EIS/EIR Las Vlrgenes-Trlunfo Mallbu-To-
panga Area Wide Facilities Plan. Volume II. Ap-
pendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif.
1976, 583p
Prepared In cooperation with EDAW, Inc., Newport
Beach, Calif. See also PB-273 524.
Public hearings were held on November 17, 1976 at
Malibu Elementary School Cafeteria, and November
18,1976 at the Agoura High School Auditorium on the
Draft EIS/EIR Las Virgenes-Triunfo-Mallbu-Topanga
Areawide Facilities Plan. Verbal Testimony, given by
many area citizens was received at the public hear-
ings, and are summarized below. If a citizen or spoke-
sperson for a group or government agency also sub-
mitted a written comment (either the EIS/EIR Ques-
tionnaire, a formal letter, or both), then all comments
from that person or agency are grouped together, with
the written comment following the verbal testimony.
Responses are likewise grouped after the comment of
each person or agency.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - final,
'Sewage treatment, 'California, 'Sludge disposal,
Sewage disposal, Water quality, Land use, Irrigation,
California, Triunfo County(California), Los Angeles
County(Callfornia), Ventura County(California),
'Sewage irrigation, Public hearings.
PB-273 533/0 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Evaluation of an Existing Seven Cell
Lagoon System. Final rept. 1974-76,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
James H. Reynolds, Ralph E. Swiss, Christine A.
Macko, and E. Joe Middlebrooks. Aug 77,164p EPA/
600/2-77/086
Contract EPA-68-03-2060
The general objective of this study was to determine
the yearly performance of a seven cell facultative
wastewater lagoon system and to compare this per-
formance with existing state and federal discharge
standards and with the criteria used to design the
lagoon system and to evaluate existing design equa-
tions. Twenty-four hour composite samples or grab
samples for certain analyses were collected for four 30
consecutive day periods (once each season) and
twice a week in the periods between for 13 months
and tested for chemical and physical parameters.
Samples were taken from the influent at the end of
each cell, and from the final effluent. The data of tests
for total and soluble BOD5, COD, suspended solids, ni-
trogen forms, total phosphorus, total algal count by
genera, fecal coliform bacteria, fecal streptococci bac-
teria and total coliform bacteria, Influent and effluent
dally flow rates, air temperature, wind, evaporation,
and solar radiation are reported with a discussion of
the results in relation to the discharge standards and
design of lagoon systems.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Samples,
Chemical analysis, Biochemical oxygen demand, Data
analysis, Coliform bacteria, Mathematical models,
Solubility, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Water analysis,
Numerical analysis, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Standards,
Chemical oxygen demand, Water pollution detection,
Procedures, Solid wastes.
PB-273 545/4 PC A02/MF A01
Information Retrieval Service* of EPA'* Office of
Solid Waste Management Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
John A. Connolly. 1973,18p EPA-SW-91.2
See also report dated 1972, PB-256 456.
Contents: SWIRS section(Data base, User services,
General inquiries, Literature searches, Instructions in
SWIRS use); Library section; Figures(SWIRS data-
base input/output, Sample SWIRS abstract sheet;
SWIRS search procedure).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Information cen-
ters, 'Information retrieval, Information systems, Data
storage, Solid Waste Information Retrieval System.
PB-273 580/1 PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Supplement to Effects of Thermal Discharge* on
Physlco-Chemlcal Processes and Water Quality,
Vistula River, Poland. Final rept. Jan 73-Dec 75,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,
Warsaw (Poland).
Jan R. Dojlldo. Nov 77,162p EPA/600/3-77/074b
Grant EPA-PR-05-532-5(PL-480)
See also report dated Jan 73-Dec 75, PB-272 804.
The study on the Influence of thermal water discharge
from the open cooling system of the Kozienice power
plant on the thermal regimes and water quality of the
Vistula River was carried out In the period from Janu-
ary 1973 to December 1975. Studies carried out down-
stream of the plant Included: (1) Expedition type of
survey; the temperature and velocity distributions In
chosen cross-sections of the river and in the outlet
channel were donei (2) periodical type of survey. The
temperature and velocity distribution in the cross-sec-
tion 1000 m downstream of the discharge and in the
outlet channel; (3) everyday observations of the tem-
perature in the three cross-sections, at three points.
This report contains basic data collected In these stud-
ies and a section on Precision of Analytical Methods.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, 'Vistula River, 'Poland,
Surveys, Electric power plants, Cooling water, Tem-
perature measurement, Stream flow, Plumes, Velocity
measurement, Physical properties, Biochemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sus-
pended sediments, Nitrogen, 'Low flow, Kozienice
power plant, Water quality data.
PB-273 587/6 PC A10/MF A01
Proceeding* of the Symposium on the Recovery
of Indicator Organism* Employing Membrane Fil-
ter* Held at the Meeting of the American Society
for Testing and Material*, Committee 0-19 on
Water, Fort Lauderdale, Florida on January 20-21,
1975. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl, Ohio.
Robert H. Bordner, Clifford F. Frith, and John A.
Winter. Sep 77,202p* EPA/600/9-77/024
The symposium brought together users, manufactur-
ers, research scientists and representatives of govern-
ment agencies to exchange technical information and
review the performance of membrane filters for water
and wastewater analyses. Problems with the recovery
of bacterial indicators had been reported; they were
most pronounced in the fecal coliform test. A key
question was whether the cause was differences in
sample types, membrane filters or the test method em-
ployed. Professionals experienced in water analysis
presented relevant field experiences, laboratory data
and research findings and discussed problems con-
cerning recovery of organisms stressed or injured by
environmental factors. Media, transport phenomena,
physical and chemical characteristics of membranes,
membrane sterilization methods, incubation tempera-
tures, techniques for comparison of methods, data
analysis, and the status of the proposed ASTM meth-
ods for evaluating membrane filters were discussed.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Indicator species, 'Fluid filters,
Comparison, Membranes, Recovery, Microorganisms,
Aquatic microbiology, Tables(Data), Bacteria, Water
pollution, Coliform bacteria, Performance evaluation,
Water analysis, Tests, Procedures, Quality control,
'Bioindicators, Waste water.
PB-273 593-SET PC E12
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
December 1983 259
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Analysis of Economic Effects of Environmental
Regulations on the Integrated Iron and Steel In-
dustry.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Wellesley Hills,
Mass.
1977, 780p-in3v
Set includes PB-273 213 thru PB-273 215.
No abstract available.
PB-273 603/1 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Potential Environmental Impact of Compounding
and Fabricating Industries: A Preliminary Assess-
ment. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
R. Clark, J. Burch, R. Ayers, D. Brown, and R. Dick.
Aug 77,299p EPA/600/2-77/160
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
The overall objectives of this research effort were to
identify compounding and fabricating industries from a
selected number of Standard Industrial Classification
codes, and identify the environmental impact resulting
from processing steps used by fabrication or com-
pounding industries. Industries in the United States fall
into two basic categories -- those that process primary
raw material such as iron ore, logs, silica sand, animal
hide, etc., and those that fabricate or compound these
raw materials into various consumer goods. This report
assesses the potential environmental impact of indus-
tries in the second category, the compounding and fa-
bricating industries. The basic approach was to classi-
fy each industry by type and major unit processes sup-
ported, and then to characterize the waste streams
produced by the unit processes. Examples of indus-
tries that are classified as compounding and fabricat-
ing industries are the automobile industry and the sur-
face coating industry. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Assessments, * Environmental impacts,
•Industrial wastes, Manufacturing, Process charting,
Design criteria, Environmental surveys, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, SIC numbers.
PB-273 649/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 3. Petroleum Refining Industry. Initial rept.
Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. C. Dickerman, T. D. Rave, J. D. Colley, and R. H.
Parsons. Jan 77,148p EPA/600/2-77/023C
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also Chapter 1 dated Jan 77, PB-266 274.
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. Entries for
each industry are in consistent format and form sepa-
rate chapters of the catalog. The petroleum refining in-
dustry is involved primarily in the conversion of crude
oil into more than 2500 products including liquefied pe-
troleum gas, gasoline, kerosene, aviation fuel, diesel
fuel, a variety of fuel oils, lubricating oils, and feed-
stocks for the petrochemical industry. The industry is
discussed in five segments: crude separation, light hy-
drocarbon processing, middle distillate processing, re-
sidual hydrocarbon processing, and auxiliary process-
es. Four process flow sheets and 32 process descrip-
tions characterize the industry. For each process de-
scription, available data is presented on input materi-
als, operating parameters, utility requirements, and
waste streams. Related information, provided as ap-
pendices, includes company, product, and feedstock
data. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: * Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Petroleum refining,
Petroleum products, Process charting, Design criteria,
Crude oil, Separation, Hydrocarbons, Distillation, Re-
sidual oils, Performance evaluation.
PB-273 675/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Production Cycles In Aquatic Microcosms,
California Univ., Berkeley. Div, of Energy and Environ-
ment.
A. Jassby, M. Dudzik, J. Rees, E. Lapan, and D. Levy.
Aug 77, S6p EPA/600/7-77/097
Sponsored in part by Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Washington, D.C. Div. of Biomed-
ical and Environmental Research. Previously an-
nounced as LBL-5965.
Four 700-liter,cylindrical containers were filled with de-
mineralized water, enriched with nutrients, and inocu-
lated with 3.5-liter lakewater samples. The micro-
cosms were maintained at a temperature of 18C under
a 12:12 L:D cycle for 6 months and several manipula-
tions of their trophic structure were carried out, includ-
ing addition of snails (Physa sp.), mosquitofish (Gam-
busia affinis), and catfish (Placostomas placostomas).
Temporal variation of the phytoplankton resembled
the bimodal patterns in certain natural systems. Fur-
ther analysis demonstrated a close analogy with the
predator-prey oscillations of temperate marine waters:
an initial bloom is terminated by zooplankton grazing;
the resulting low phytoplankton levels lead to gradual
starvation of the zooplankton; and a second bloom fol-
lows the final dieoff of zooplankton. Both decreasing
the concentration of initial nutrients or stocking the mi-
crocosms with Gambusia decreases the time between
the 'spring' and 'fall' blooms.
Keywords: 'Primary biological productivity, 'Nutrients,
'Aquatic microbiology, 'Fresh water biology, Nitrogen
cycle, Seasonal variations, Catfishes, Snails, Marine
fishes, Phytoplankton, Chlorophylls, Carbon, Phospho-
rus cycle, Zooplankton, Ocean environments,
Concentration(Composition), Food supply, pH,
Oxygen, Crustacea, Physa, Trophic level, Gambusia
affinis, Placostomas placostomas, Predators.
PB-273 785/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Ranked Input and Output Data Used to Determine
Impact of New Source Performance Standards for
Paniculate Matter, Nitrogen Oxides, and Sulfur
Oxides. Final task rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
641p'EPA/450/3-76/019b
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also PB-273 356.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendices
D through G of Volume III.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur
oxides, 'Industrial wastes, 'Air pollution, Standards,
Regulations, Combustion products, Paper industry,
Chemical industry, Petroleum industry, Metal industry,
Performance evaluation, Agriculture, Food industry,
Tables(Data), Mathematical^ models, Hydrocarbons,
Stationary sources.
PB-273 788/0 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Pressed and Blown Glass
Manufacturing Plants. Final task rept. Sep 75-Jan
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
J. R. Schorr, Diane T. Hooie, M. Clifford Brockway,
Philip R. Sticksel, and Dale E. Niesz. Jan 77,143p*
EPA/600/2-77/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
and analyze background information and technical
data related to air emissions from glass manufacturers
producing pressed and blown glassware. This includes
all glassware except flat glass, glass containers, and
fiber glass. The report covers emissions from three
areas within the plant: raw materials preparation and
handling, glass melting, and forming and finishing op-
erations. Emissions from the melting furnace account
for over 80 percent of the total plant emissions. The
major pollutants are NOx, SOx, and submicron particu-
lates consisting predominately (80%) of mineral sul-
fates but can also include fluoride and borate com-
pounds. NOx has the largest emission factor (4.5 g/kg)
with annual emissions 57.5 x 10 to the 9th power g. In
comparison with national emissions from stationary
sources, NOx emission from glass melting furnaces
contributes 0.17 percent of the total. The source se-
verity is a measure of the potential environment effect
of air emissions and is the ratio of the maximum aver-
age ground level concentration compared to the pri-
mary ambient air quality standard for criteria pollutants.
For this study source severity factors determined were
largest for NOx, SOx, lead (PbO), and other particu-
lates. Other emissions had a low severity factor
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Glass industry, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Particles, 'Lead oxides, Air
pollution control, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Process charting,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental impacts,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fluorides,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Selenium, SIC 3229,
Stationary sources, Air pollution sampling.
PB-273 812/8 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Emission Testing and Evaluation of Ford/Koppers
Coke Pushing Control System. Volume I. Final
Report. Rept. Tor Dec 73-Aug 77,
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
Fred Cooper, Thomas Loch, John Mutchler, and Janet
Vecchio. Sep 77,278p EPA/600/2-77/187a
Contract EPA-68-02-0630
Prepared In cooperation with Clayton Environmental
Consultants, Inc., Southfleld, Mich.
The report documents a field testing and engineering
evaluation of the performance of a retrofitted, mobile-
hood, high-energy-scrubber control system, abating
coke-side pushing emissions from a 58-oven coke bat-
tery. It documents the venturi-scrubber inlet and outlet
emission rates, as well as emission factors for filter-
able and condensible paniculate, sulfur dioxide, sulfur
trioxide, total sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, benzene, benzene and homologues, total light
hydrocarbons, methane and homologues, and ethyl-
ene and homologues. Results indicate that the mobile
hood collects particulate emissions resulting from
green and clean pushes at 22% to 54% efficiencies,
respectively, or from 30% to 92%, respectively, using
two different estimating techniques. Scrubber perform-
ance averaged 99.3% for particulate emissions cap-
tured in the hood.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Coking, 'Iron and steel Industry, Particles, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon mon-
oxide, Benzene, Hydrocarbons, Methane, Ethylene,
Design criteria, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Concentratlon(Composition), Ford Motor
Company, 'Ford Koppers coke pushing control sys-
tems, EPA method 5, 'Air pollution detection, EPA
method 7, EPA method II, Koppers system.
PB-273 822/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Electrical Detection Problems In Water Analysis
by Spark Source Mass Spectrometry. Final rept.,
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
W. W. Harrison. Oct 77,48p EPA/600/4-77/042
Grant EPA-R-801829-03-0
This report describes research on factors affecting ac-
curacy in spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS),
and the application of SSMS to water related prob-
lems. This project has also involved the development
of Instrumental additions to Improve the operation end
control of SSMS procedures, particularly with respect
to making the technique more quantitative and easier
to use. The application of SSMS to specific sample
types Is also demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, Water
pollution, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Monitoring, Design criteria, Electrically powered instru-
ments, 'Spark source mass spectrometry, 'Water pol-
lution detection.
260 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-273 823/5 PC A13/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation of the National Environmental Speci-
men Bank Survey,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Ana-
lytical Chemistry Div.
D. A. Becher, and
, and E. J. Maienthal. Feb 77,291 p EPA/
600/1-77/015
See also PB-251 180.
This document reports on the evaluation of the Nation-
al Environmental Specimen Bank Survey (EPA-600/1-
76-006), a joint program funded by EPA, NSF/RANN,
and NBS. This survey, performed by Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory for EPA, was an attempt to identify
and obtain information from organizations and Individ-
uals presently collecting and storing environmental
specimens to be utilized by EPA in establishing the Na-
tional Environmental Specimen Bank. The evaluation
of the sampling, storage and analytical methodology
used by these collecting organizations was performed
by personnel of the NBS Analytical Chemistry Division.
It was revealed that virtually none of the currently ex-
isting collections are suitable for valid retrospective
analysis.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Ecology, 'Water
resources, 'Microbiology, 'Plants(Botany), 'Agricul-
ture, 'Geology, 'Animals, 'Natural resources, Data
acquisition, Classifications, Evaluation, Trace ele-
ments, Pesticides, Microorganisms, Radioactive iso-
topes, Organic compounds, Sampling, Fishes,
Indexes(Documentation), Specimen banks.
PB-273 828/4 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fine Par-
ticle Scrubber Symposium (2nd) Held In New Or-
leans. Louisiana on May 2-3, 1977. Proceedings
rept. Sep 76-Jul 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Richard Parker, and Seymour Calvert. Sep 77,356p*
EPA/600/2-77/193
Contract EPA-68-02-2190
See also report dated Aug 71, PB-203 521.
The report presents the proceedings, including intro-
ductory remarks and 16 technical papers, of the
Second Fine Particle Scrubber Symposium, held May
2-3, 1977, in New Orleans. Sponsored by the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency, the symposium was
held to stimulate and generate new ideas for fine parti-
cle control using wet scrubbers, and to promote the
transfer of technology to users. Subject matter con-
cerned the collection of fine particles in any type of wet
collector with emphasis on scrubber performance data
in industrial applications.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control
^uipment, Particles, Scrubbers, Dust collectors, Iron
and steel industry, Furnaces, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Performance evaluation, Design crl-
wia, Field tests, Wet methods.
PB-273 842/5 PC A03/MF A01
'f«atment and Stabilization of Polychlorinated Bl-
Phenyis (PCBs) Contaminated Water and Waste
°H- A Case Study. Whltehouse, Florida. Technical
[apt. Jun 76-Jun 77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Raymond T. Wilkerson, Fred B. Stroud, and Al Smith.
Jul 77,35p
A study was made concerning one method of treating
« substantial Environmental Emergency and potential
"ealth hazard. The U.S. EPA, the City of Jacksonville,
£>• and the U.S. Coast Guard formulates an inexpen-
"™* treatment system that allows the discharge of a
Jrl?ure of °"' PCB and water harmlessly into the St.
Jonns River The emergency stems from the poor
"fuctural integrity of the impoundment dikes.
?8Vw°rds: 'Water pollution control, 'OH spills, Chlo-
J^organic compounds, Saint Johns River, Activated
rjroon, Adsorption, Samples, Water analysis, Chemi-
5*' analysis, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Water pollu-
"°n detection.'Oil pits.
PB-273 878/9 PC A09/MF A01
Effects of Ocean Dumping Activity, Mid-Atlantic
Bight-1976. Interim rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Region III.
Donald W. Lear, Marria L. O'Malley, and Susan K.
Smith. Jul 77,186p EPA/903/9-77/029
Significantly high concentrations of metals present in
the City of Philadelphia sewage sludge can be found
on occasion at points in the sediments in and near the
sludge release site. Several bands with high concen-
trations of metals, in association with high organic
carbon, have been partially identified and have persist-
ed for at least 14 months in and adjacent to the south-
ern part of the site. Ambient concentrations of the
metals in question have been derived by statistical
comparisons over a 3 year period. Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCB's) were widely distributed in concentra-
tions that may be inimical to marine organisms with in-
dicated cyclical inputs, possibly from the coastal zone.
Mortalities of the mahogany clam, Arctlca islandica,
were indicated at loci In and near the ocean dumping
activity. Detailed bathymetry of the impacted area
south of the site indicates geomorphic features may
affect the aggregation of dumped materials. Statistical-
ly significant changes of the benthic infaunal communi-
ties are occurring in the impacted area south of the
sewage sludge release site. Mollusks in the vicinity of
the site appear to harbor bacteria of sanitary signifi-
cance.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, Sampling,
Concentration(ComposTtion), Metals, Organic com-
pounds, Carbon, Chlorine organic compounds, Mid-At-
lantic Bight, North Atlantic Ocean, Sediments, Trends,
Halogen organic compounds, Bacteria, Clams, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Arctica islan-
dica, Arochlor 1254, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-273 908/4 PC A99/MF AQ1
AEROS Manual Series. Volume III. Summary and
Retrieval (Second Edition). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Jul 77,624p EPA/450/2-76/0093, OAQPS-1.2-040a
See also First edition dated May 76, PB-260 995.
The AEROS Summary and Retrieval Manual, Volume
III of the OAQPS Guidelines Manual Series, describes
and illustrates the reporting and analysis capabilities of
the various AEROS systems. It also describes the
analysis packages available for use in the evaluation
of AEROS data and describes the user access proce-
dures for obtaining AEROS reports. It describes the
standard publications available from the NADB to pro-
vide quarterly or annual information on emissions and
air quality. In an applications section, the manual pro-
vides specific examples of applications of AEROS
data. It also gives an overview ot the Comprehensive
Data Handling System (CDHS), which Is an AEROS-re-
lated system (or storing and reporting air quality and
emissions data. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Air pollution, 'Information re-
trieval, 'Management planning, 'Management infor-
mation systems, Sources, Quality assurance, Hazard-
ous materials, Trace elements, Data acquisition, Air
pollution control, Documents, Factor analysis, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes,
GridsfCoordlnates), Exhaust emissions, Mathematical
models, Reporting, 'Aerometric and emissions report-
ing system, National emissions data system, Storage
and retrieval of aerometric data, Air quality mainte-
nance, Air quality data, Source test data, Point
sources, AEROS systems.
PB-273 945/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Simulated Precipitation Reference Materials, II.
Final rept,,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
John K. Taylor, E. R. Deardorff, and T. C. Rains. Sep
77,27pNBSIR-77-1315
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
This report describes the preparation of a series of ref-
erence materials for chemical analysis ot natural pre-
cipitation. This is the second series of such materials
prepared by NBS, under the sponsorship of EPA, and
will be distributed by the latter as a means to intercali-
brate atmospheric monitoring stations. The materials
consist of ampoules of concentrates which can be di-
luted to simulate natural rainwater. A separate refer-
ence sample, to be used undiluted, is provided for
evaluation acidity measurements. The analytical
measurements made to establish the composition of
the samples are also described.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Rain, Chemical analysis,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Acidity, Samples, pH,
Anlons, Conductivity, Cations, Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Fluorides, Chlorides, 'Reference materials.
PB-273 964/7 PC A02/MF A01
Oil Pollution Control (An Oversimplified Explana-
tion),
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
AfSmith. Jan 72,12p
The non-technical handler of petroleum products in In-
formed, In low keyed language, on the principal fea-
tures of the oil spill regulations in the 1970 Federal
Water Pollution Control Act. Some simple containment
and cleanup techniques are diagramed.
Keywords: 'Petroleum products, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Regulations, Booms(Equipment), 'Oil pollution
control, Liquid wastes, Oil spills, OH pollution contain-
ment, Oil pollution removal.
PB-273 973/8 PC A02/MF A01
Succeaaei and Failures with OH Spills In South-
eastern Inland Water*. Technical rept. 1972-73,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
AIJ. Smith. Feb 73,7p
Presented to the 1973 Conference on Prevention and
Control of Spills, Washington, D.C.
This paper presents a brief review of several spill
cases that have occurred In the Southeast in the
recent past. Each case describes a unique situation -
either in terms of containment, retention or removal
methodology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Surface waters, 'Oil
spills, 'Oil pollution removal, Southeast reglon(Unlted
States), Reprints, Athens(Georgla),
Shepherdsvllle(Kentucky), JacksontMisslsslppi),
Memphls(Tennessee).
PB-273 974/6 PC A02/MF A01
Development of Criteria for Siting Air Monitoring
Stations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Wayne R. Ott. Jun 77,7p EPA/600/J-77/048
Pub. In Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v27 n6
p543-547Jun77.
This paper reviews relevant research findings for the
purpose of establishing a set of uniform national crite-
ria for designating locations of air monitoring stations.
Data first are presented showing the difficulty, in the
absence of uniform criteria, of interpreting meas-
urements from one station in a city to determine if air
quality for that city Is 'better' or 'worse' than that for en-
other city. Then, research data are given showing, for
example, that proximity to traffic (in both the horizontal
and vertical directions) affects measured carbon mon-
oxide concentrations. Finally, a scheme is presented
for classifying all monitoring stations Into six different
siting categories. Type A stations are designed to pro-
vide a realistic measure of pedestrian exposures, while
Type B measures the background concentration ex-
tending over a large physical area. Type C stations
monitor residential or suburban population exposures.
Types D, E, and F are for more specialized purposes,
such as collecting meteorological information and con-
ducting air quality surveys. Types A, B, and C, which
are most Important In Implementing air quality stand-
ards, must have a uniform probe height of 3 + or -1 /2
meters. A standardized system of site selection, such
as the one proposed here, should greatly improve the
comparability and meaningfulness of data obtained
from different air monitoring stations throughout the
Nation.
December 1983 261
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air quality, Monitoring, Sites, Mathemat-
ical models, Statistical analysis,
Conoentration(Composition), Reprints, *Air pollution
sampling, 'Air monitoring stations.
PB-273 978/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Mlcroblal Interactions with Pesticides In Estuarlne
Surface Slicks. Final rept. May 74-Sep 76,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
D. G. Ahearn, S. A. Crow, and W. L. Cook. Mar 77,32p
EPA/600/3-77/050
Grant EPA-R-803141
Estuarine surface films from Escambia Bay, Florida,
and adjacent waters were sampled by using the mem-
brane adsorption technique to enumerate microbial
populations. Samples of the upper 10 micrometers of
estuarine surface films yielded microbial populations.
These populations were 1 o to 100 times greater than
those In underlying waters of 10 cm. Predominant bac-
teria in surface films as isolated on Marine Agar were
motile, nonpigmented, gram-negative rods. Colony-
forming units of yeasts and molds on Mycological Agar
prepared with 50 per cent seawater were found. A
greater proportion of the surface film bacteria, as com-
pared to those at 10 cm depth, were capable of growth
on freshwater media. With selective isolation media,
amyloytic, and lipolytic bacteria appeared to comprise
a more significant proportion of the total population.
Twenty-one representative bacteria, yeasts, and fila-
mentous fungi from initial sampling of surface micro-
layers were tested for the effects of selected pesti-
cides on utilization of various substrates.
Keywords: *Marine microorganisms, 'Hydrocarbons,
'Pesticides, 'Estuaries, 'Escambia Bay, Interactions,
Bacteria, Membranes, Yeasts, Fungi, Sea water,
Tables(Data), Growth, Agar,
Concentration(Composition), Substrates, Degradation,
Oil pollution, Interfaces, Florida, 'Oil slicks.
PB-273 983/7 PC A02/MF A01
Are We Controlling Water Pollution In the South-
east. Information rept. 1960-66,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Atlan-
ta, Ga. Southeast Region.
John W. Wakefield, John L. Kesler, and Al J. Smith, Jr.
Oct68,22p
Presented at the Environmental Control Conference,
American Inst. of Chemical Engineers, Mobile, Ala. on
October 11,1968.
A discussion of the progress of Water Pollution Control
in the Southeast during the early and middle 60's.
Costs during that period are reviewed as are some of
the problems associated with pollution control in gen-
eral.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, Reviews, Cost
analysis, Wildlife, Industrial waste treatment, Popula-
tion growth, Standards, Recreation, Rural areas, Con-
struction, Land use, Urban areas, Sewage treatment,
Septic tanks, Dredging, Agriculture, Boats,
Graphs(Charts), 'Southeast Region(United States).
PB-273 984/5 PC A02/MF A01
Followup Study of the Distribution and Fate of
Pol/chlorinated Blphenyls and Benzenes In Soil
MM Qroundwater Samples After an Accidental
Spill of Transformer Fluid. Technical rept. 1973-76,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Al J. Smith, Jr., George J. Moein, and Peggy L
Stewart. 1976,19p
Prepared in cooperation with Stewart Labs., Inc.,
Knoxvllle, Tenn. Presented to the 1976 National Con-
ference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, New
Orleans, La.
The report contains a brief discussion of the technical
aspects of what happens to spill residuals after
cleanup, and after a 3 year period. Blodegradatlon of
PCB is considered as is the various effects of weather,
climate, and soil dynamics.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Water analysis, 'Water pol-
lution, Chlorine organic compounds, Residues, Trans-
former fluids, Microorganisms, Weather, Ground
water, Tennessee, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Poly-
chlorinated benzenes, 'Aroclor 1254, Path of pollut-
ants, 'Water pollution detection.
282 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-274 011/6 PCA05/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
High Sensitivity Fourier Transform NMR. Intermo-
lecular Interactions between Environmental Toxic
Substances and Biological Macromolecules. Rept.
for20ct74-1 Oct76,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
George C. Levy. Sep 77,96p EPA/600/1-77/045
Grant EPA-803095
This project explored the feasibility of developing new
techniques for evaluation of the effects of environmen-
tal toxic materials on complex biopolymer systems
using high sensitivity Fourier transform nuclear mag-
netic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. Commercial in-
strumentation available in 1974-75 did not possess
adequate sensitivity, and thus one goal of this project
was to increase spectral sensitivity, especially for the
13C and other nuclides having low magnetogyric
ratios. Initially, modifications to an existing Bruker HX-
270 spectrometer provided moderate improvement in
sensitivity for 13C and substantial sensitivity increase
for 15N observation. During the second (last) year of
this grant, a new instrument design was initiated. Sev-
eral studies were begun to elucidate the nature of
chlorophenol interactions in liquids, and when incorpo-
rated into lecithin bilayer membrane models. Variable
frequency 13C spin lattice relaxation time meas-
urements were used to probe cooperativity of molecu-
lar chain dynamics in some simple molecules and in
two complex synthetic polymers. A new theoretical
modification involving a non-exponential autocorrela-
tion function and also allowing for multiple independ-
ent internal rotations, allowed effective analysis of a
large experimental set.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Toxicology, Feasibility, Design criteria,
Fourier analysis, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Samples, Molecular relaxation, Chemical bonds, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Complex compounds,
Carbon 13, Isotopic labeling, Chemical analysis,
'Toxic substances, Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Mo-
lecular biology.
PB-274 012/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Investigation of Important Hydroxyl Radical Reac-
tions In the Perturbed Troposphere. Final rept. May
74-JUI77, ^ *
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Engineering Experi-
ment Station.
D. D. Davis. Oct 77,88p EPA/600/3-77/111
Grant EPA-R-804629
The flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence tech-
nique was used to study the reaction kinetics of hy-
droxyl radicals with ten aromatic and six olefinic hydro-
carbons at 298 K and several diluent gas pressures.
The aromatic compounds that were studied include
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene,
isopropylbenzene, hexafluorobenzene, n-propyl pen-
tafluorobenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylenes; and the
olefins include ethylene, acetylene, propylene, 1-
butene, cis-2-butene, and tetramethylethylene. Based
on our extensive data on OH-substituted aromatic hy-
drocarbon reactions, it has been inferred that addition
of hydroxyl radicals to the aromatic ring is the domi-
nant reaction in these systems. In the case of OH-
olefin reactions, addition of OH to the double bond
seems to be a prominent path for the heavier unsatur-
ates. From these rate constant data, the lifetimes of all
these hydrocarbons In the lower troposphere has been
calculated. Attempts were made to understand the
mechanisms involved in the reactions of OH with sub-
stituted aromatic hydrocarbons, using the technique of
laser flash photolysis, time-of-flight mass spectrom-
etry.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution, Tropo-
sphere, Chemical reactions, Fluorescence, Hydrocar-
bons, Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Ethylene, Acety-
lene, Propylene, Butene, Fluorides, Photolysis, 'Hy-
droxyl radicals, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Benzene/
ethyl, Benzene/propyl, Benzene/hexafluoro, Ben-
zene/pentafluoro, Time of flight mass spectrometry.
PB-274 013/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measurement of Polycyclic Organic Materials and
Other Hazardous Organic Compounds in Stack
Gases - State of the Art. Interim rept. Oct 76-Jan 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Peter W. Jones, JoAnn E. Wilkinson, and Paul E. Strup.
Oct 77, 71p* EPA/600/2-77/202
Contract EPA-68-02-2547
This report documents and reviews state-of-the-art
methods for the measurement of polycyclic organic
matter (POM) and other hazardous organic materials
which are present in industrial stack emissions. Meas-
urement methods for many hazardous compounds,
such as POM and nitrosamines, are presented and,
where specific methods have not been previously re-
ported, the sections dealing with recommended meth-
ods provide useful guidance. Individual chapters are
devoted to analytical methodology and stationary
source sampling methodology, although an effective
measurement strategy demands input from each pro-
tocol. An attempt is made to present a unified ap-
proach to hazardous organic emission measurement
so that future studies may benefit through more realis-
tic intercomparisons and more precise and accurate
measurements.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Polycyclic com-
pounds, 'Reviews, Flue gases, Nitros compounds,
Amines, Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
'Air pollution detection, Air pollution sampling, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Polychlorinated naphthalenes.
PB-274 014/0 PC A11/MF A01
Air Monitoring Strategy for State Implementation
Plans. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Jun 77, 241 p EPA/450/2-77/010
This document describes the air monitoring strategy
for State implementation plans developed by the
Standing Air Monitoring Work Group (SAMWG). It pre-
sents a summary of their review and evaluation of cur-
rent air monitoring activities. A discussion of
SAMWG's findings and their resulting air monitoring
strategy for State implementation plan monitoring is
described. The major topics discussed in the strategy
are: (1) Ambient monitoring, (2) Source monitoring, (3)
Future monitoring for non-criteria pollutants, (4) Quality
assurance activities for ambient and source monitor-
ing, (5) Analysis and interpretation of air quality infor-
mation, (6) Anticipated impact of the strategy, and (7)
Implementation of the strategy. It was anticipated that
the resources associated with air monitoring activities
would not change substantially in the near future. Thus
the strategy recommends a reallocation of the local
monitoring resources so that the overall result will be a
more cost-effective monitoring program. A phased im-
plementation approach is also suggested in order to
minimize the resource impact of the recommendations
in any one year. However, the strategy emphasizes
that even with a phased approach, implementation of
the recommendations will require more resources, es-
pecially for expanded quality assurance programs and
the purchase of new instruments to replace obsolete
or unacceptable analyzers.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Reviews, Moni-
toring, Quality assurance, Sources, Forecasting, Math-
ematical models, Monitors, Quality control, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Air quality, 'Standing Air Monitoring
Work Group, Point sources, Implementation air pollu-
tion planning.
PB-274 Of 7/3 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Proceedings: Partlculate Collection Problems
Using ESPrs In the Metallurgical Industry. Rept. for
Nov 76-Aug 77,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
C. E. Feazel. Oct 77,261p EPA/600/2-77/208
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The proceedings contain 13 papers on topics selected
to present to the metals industry the most recent de-
velopments in electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technol-
ogy. Subjects include the application of ESP's to the
collection of fumes from operations in the iron and
steel industry: production of mineral wool from blast
furnace slag, hot scarfing of steel billets, sintering of
blast furnace feed, and steel production in electric arc
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
furnaces. The behavior of ferrous sinter dust in a labo-
ratory scale ESP was discussed. Data were presented
on a wet ESP collecting fumes from aluminum reduc-
tion cells. Preliminary results on the performance of
ESP's In collecting fume from a copper smelter were
compared with values obtained using a mathematical
model of ESP action that calculates collection efficien-
cy as a function of particle size and operating condi-
tions. Performance test results were presented on a
hot-side ESP In a power plant burning medium-sulfur
coal. Design details were given for a mobile ESP unit.
Other papers dealt with techniques of optimizing rap-
ping schedules; interpreting voltage/current curves;
and interference by reverse corona in the process of
particle charging. Some advanced concepts for elec-
trostatic collection of participate matter were com-
pared: two-stage ESP's, electrically augmented scrub-
bers, charged droplet scrubbers and ESP's, and elec-
trostatic fiber and fabric filters.
Keywords: "Particles, 'Metal Industry, 'Air pollution
control, 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Meetings, Iron
and steel industry, Furnaces, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Design criteria, Scrubbers, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field tests, Aluminum, Filters, Wet
methods, Copper smelters, Fabric filters.
PB-274 029/8 PC A1S/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (2nd), Held at New Orleans, Lou-
isiana, on August 29-September 1, 1977. Volume
IV. Fundamental Combustion Research,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Jul 77,336p
EPA/600/7-77/073d
See also Volume 1, PB-270 923, and Volume 3, PB-
271 757.
Contents: Fundamental combustion research applied
to pollution control; Chemical reactions in the conver-
sion of fuel nitrogen to NOx-fuel pyrolysis studies;
Fate of fuel nitrogen during pyrolysis and oxidation; In-
teractions between sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
in combustion processes; Chemical reactions In the
conversion of fuel nitrogen to NOx - low-pressure flat-
flame burner studies; Formation of soot and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in combustion systems - de-
velopment of a molecular beam mass spectrometer;
Investigation of NOx, nitrate and sulfate production in
laboratory flames; Influence of aerodynamic phenom-
ena on pollutant formation in combustion -- phase II -
liquid fuels; Two-dimensional or axialty symmetric
modeling of combusting flow, Premixed one-dimen-
sional flame (PROF) code development and applica-
tion.
Keywords: 'Meetings, *Air pollution control, 'Combus-
tion, Pyrolysis, Chemical reactions, Nitrogen oxides,
Nitrogen, Oxidation, Sulfur oxides, Diffusion, Flames,
Residual oil, Coal, Burners, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Aerodynamics,
Mathematical models, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, 'Stationary sources, Air fuel ratio.
PB-274 03S/S PC A2S/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. National Computer Center.
Demonstration Model Personnel Management In-
formation System.
Sperry Univac, Washington, D.C.
Oct77,581p*
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. National Com-
puter Center.
This documentation represents the culmination of an
effort begun In April of 1977 to Install a prototype infor-
mation management system at EPA's National Com-
puter Center located at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. This project successfully demonstrated the
stability and capabilities inherent in Sperry Univac
"MS 1100 and QLP1100 software. Much of the docu-
mentation came from notes In the USE Technical
Papers, papers prepared by the Sperry Univac Rose-
ville Development Center, and from various other re-
Ports and papers on DMS 1100 or database manage-
ment systems, in general. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Management information systems, 'Per-
sonnel management, Computer programming, *DMS-
"1100 system, 'Data base management systems, Data
base administration, Data base administrators,
Debugging(Computers).
PB-274 037/1 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Optimum Site Exposure Criteria for SO2 Monitor-
Ing. Final rept.,
Center for the Environment and Man, Inc., Hartford,
Conn.
Robert J. Ball, and Gerald E. Anderson. Apr 77,181 p
EPA/450/3-77/013
Contract EPA-68-02-2045
This report presents procedures and exposure criteria
for selecting SO2 monitoring sites. Data uses are first
reviewed and summarized; from this summary a list of
specific siting objectives is developed. Site selection
procedures were then prepared for specific site types
each of which was associated with either a grouping of
siting objectives or with an individual objective. De-
tailed procedures are provided for selecting sites to
measure regional mean concentrations, interregional
SO2 transport, representative concentrations for
areas of various sizes, peak concentrations In urban
areas, and emergency episode levels. Recommenda-
tions and the rationale for inlet height and orientation,
and for minimizing undue Influence from nearby
sources are presented. Sources of special information
and data relevant to selecting specific sites and guide-
lines for determining locations of sites for satisfying
specific objectives are provided in a series of appendi-
ces. A bibliography, conveniently arranged according
to specific subject areas, is included.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Site surveys, Monitoring,
Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Atmospher-
ic diffusion, Urban areas, Guidelines, Sources, Re-
gions, Sampling, Topography, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-274 040/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Addendum to User's Guide for Cllmatologlcal Dis-
persion Model. Final rept,
Argonne National Lab., III.
Kenneth L. Brubaker, Polly Brown, and Richard R.
Cirillo. May 77,140p EPA/450/3-77/015
Supplements report dated Dec 73, PB-227 346.
Three significant new features have been added to the
computer program of the Climatological Dispersion
Model: (1) a calibration package, (2) the capability of
providing individual source contribution lists for arbi-
trary receptors, and (3) a Larsen averaging time trans-
formation package. This report provides documenta-
tion for the use of the new features, descriptions of the
corresponding algorithms, and guidelines for use.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Atmospheric motion, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Climatology, Mathematical models, Computer
programs, Guidelines, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Numerical analysis, For-
tran, Algorithms, 'Climatology Dispersion Model,
CDMQC computer program, Point sources.
PB-274 043/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dlv. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Environmental Protection Agency National Emis-
sion Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Jun77,153p« EPA/340/1-77/020
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
This manual presents a compilation of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency National Emission Stand-
ards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Since
their inception in 1971, the NESHAP have been ex-
panded and revised several times. This manual Is In-
tended to serve as a convenient reference and source
of current information to those persons who will be
working with the NESHAP regulations. The manual in-
cludes the full text of the standards as they appear
now (June 1,1977) with all revisions, corrections, and
additions where applicable, and the full text of all revi-
sions and other Federal Register notices pertaining to
the standards.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Federal emission standards,
•Air pollution, Regulations, Asbestos, Beryllium,
Mercury(Metal), Vinyl chloride, Particles, Water pollu-
tion, Sewage treatment, Tests, EPA method 101, EPA
method 102, EPA method 103, EPA method 104, EPA
method 105, EPA method 106, EPA method 106, EPA
method 107, Stationary sources, NESHAP regulations.
PB-274 064/6 PC A06/MF A01
Valley Model User's Guide. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Edward W. Burt. Sep 77,111p' EPA/450/2-77/018
See also report for 1 Mar 73-1 Mar 74, PB-229 771.
The Valley Model is a steady-state, univariate Gaus-
sian plume dispersion model designed for multiple
point- and area-source applications. It calculates pol-
lutant concentrations for each frequency designated in
an array defined by six stabilities, 16 wind directions,
and six wind speeds for 112 program-designated re-
ceptor sites on a radial grid of variable scale. The
output concentrations are appropriate for either a 24-
hour or annual period, as designated by the user. The
model contains the concentration equations, the Pas-
quill-Glfford vertical dispersion coefficients and the
Pasqulll stability classes, as given by Turner. Plume
rise Is calculated according to Briggs. Plume height Is
adjusted according to terrain elevation for stable
cases. Technical details of the program are presented,
with descriptions of data requirements. Flow diagrams
and input data forms are presented. Four appendices
include a complete test-case analysis, a complete pro-
gram listing and a paper in which estimated and ob-
served data are compared at several sites for 24-hour
periods during which the upper limits of concentrations
were observed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution, Nu-
merical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Wind
velocity, Wind speed, Plumes, Computer programs, At-
mospheric diffusion, Dispersion, Fortran, *Gaussian
plume models, Valley computer program, UNIVAC-
1110 computers, Point sources, Valley model.
PB-274 OS5/3 PC A15/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Biological Significance of Some Metals as Air Pol-
lutants. Part I. Lead. Final rept. Jan 69-Jan 74,
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst.
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Mlrka Fugas. Sep 77,344p EPA/600/1-77/041
Grant SFCP-02-302-3
The objective of this study was to put more light on the
relationship between the concentration of a metal in air
and in blood of exposed persons, and biological ef-
fects which may be attributed to the exposure of a
given metal. The study was carried out at four levels of
exposure to lead. The four population groups were: oc-
cupationally exposed workers, and inhabitants of In-
dustrial, urban and rural areas.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Metals, Industrial medicine,
Air pollution, Foreign countries, Yugoslavia, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Populations,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Tables(Data), Investiga-
tions, Methodology, Blood analysis, Urban areas,
Rural areas, Industrial atmospheres, Industrial hy-
giene, Air sampling, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Occupational safety and health, Meza
Valley(Yugloslavla), 'Environmental health, Urinalysis.
PB-274 056/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Disposal In the Marine Environment: An Oceano-
graphlc Assessment.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Ocean
Disposal Study Steering Committee.
1976,88p* ISBN-0-309-02446-3
Contract EPA-68-01 -2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 76-1319.
The report describes the current legislation and regula-
tions that form the background of the waste disposal
problem, tt discusses the amount and properties of
waste materials and the processes that affect their dis-
tribution and fate in the marine environment; these
properties and processes form the general scientific
constraints on alternatives for management. The
system under which the Environmental Protection
Agency currently operates is evaluated through exami-
nation of desirable practices for site selection and site
December 1983 263
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
monitoring. The final section offers recommendations
for further development of solutions to the problem of
incorporating existing scientific information in the man-
agement of ocean disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution,
'Regulations, Oceans, Sampling, Monitoring, Legisla-
tion, Industrial wastes, Sludge disposal, Physical prop-
erties, Transport properties, Continental shelves, Site
surveys, Government policies, Management planning,
'Ocean waste disposal, Dredge spoil. Baseline meas-
urements.
PB-274 069/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Satellite Remote Sensing Study of the Trans-
Boundary Movement of Pollutants. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Infrared and Optics Oiv.
C. T. Wezernak, and D. R. Lyzenga. May 77,28p
ERIM-115100-2-F, EPA/600/3-77/056
Grant EPA-R-803671
A limited analysis of ERTS (LANDSAT) data of the
western basin of Lake Erie and the southern portion of
Lake Huron was performed. The objective of the pro-
gram was to depict the large scale movement of water
masses, as manifested in terms of suspended solids,
and to demonstrate the use of ERTS data in large
lakes monitoring. ERTS (LANDSAT) data, as recorded
on computer compatible tapes, were processed to dis-
play surface circulation features, surface suspended
solids distribution, surface chlorophyll distribution, and
secchi disc transparency. The results demonstrate the
potential of satellite remote sensing for monitoring of
large water bodies.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Lake Erie, 'Lake
Huron, Monitors, Distribution, Water masses, Water
pollution, Water analysis, Sediments, Chemical analy-
sis, Chlorophylls, Spaceborne photography, 'Water
pollution detection, Path of pollutants, LANDSAT sat-
ellites.
PB-274 078/5 PC A06/MF A01
Inspection/Maintenance: Cost-Effectiveness and
Feaslblility of Implementation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
E. J. Bentz, Jr., Sandra J. Bodmer-Turner, Barry Korb,
and William P. White, III. May 77,121 p
This study looks at the potential reductions in hydro-
carbons (HC) achievable through I/M of cars without
catalytic converters. Reductions of 8% to 30 or 40%
may be possible. The report is based on case studies
of I/M programs being implemented in several states.
The study identifies and analyzes factors which affect
the cost and effectiveness of an I/M program. Effec-
tiveness will be influenced by: the type of I/M test, fre-
quency of inspection, the failure rate of inspected cars,
the extent of deterioration of the emission rate be-
tween inspection, the quality of auto repair work, tam-
pering cost varies with the type of tests, and the orga-
nizational structure, i.e., private or government run.
The report also discusses certain critical factors which
may determine a program's viability: Whether EPA has
the authority to require I/M programs; the lack of tech-
nical data on auto performance and emissions; the
public's willingness to accept the program; and state
government's capacity to pay for implementing the
program. Public acceptance is considered a major
stumbling block. The report notes other factors which
will affect the impact of an I/M program on air quality.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control, 'Main-
tenance, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Inspection, Deterioration,
Automobile engines, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Ex-
haust emissions, Deterioration, Light duty vehicles.
PB-274 083/5 PC A02/MF A01
Water-Softening and Conditioning Equipment A
Potential Source of Water Contamination. Final
rept. 28 Aug 76-27 Aug 77,
Environmental Research Lab., Johns Island, S.C.
Bears Bluff Field Station.
Allan M. Crane, and Anne E. Freeman. Sep 77,19p
EPA/600/3-77/107
Chloroform, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethenj as
well as two unidentified compounds were adsorbed
from contaminated ground water onto anion-cation ex-
change resins during their regeneration and cleaning
at the distributing plant. Contaminants leached into
water passed through the resins after distribution re-
sulted in contamination of deionized water supplies of
users. Concentrations of chloroform and trichloroeth-
ene, greater in filtered water than concentrations ob-
served in contaminated ground water, indicate the abil-
ity of resins to concentrate these compounds. Regen-
eration and cleaning of contaminated resins by com-
mercial procedures with clean water is ineffective.
Contaminated rerins, which leached 60 g/l of chloro-
form into water leached 47 g/l after being returned to
the distributor and regenerated with clean water. In-
creased awareness by users of the limits of ion ex-
change resins together with stricter water quality con-
trol of distributors is indicated.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Chloro-
form, 'Ion exchange resins, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition),
Regeneration(Engineering), Leaching, Performance
evaluation, 'Ethylene/tnchloro, 'Ethylene/tetrach-
loro.
PB-274 084/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Pesticide Runoff Losses from Small Watersheds
In Great Lakes Basin,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
B. G. Ellis, A. E. Erickson, A. R. Wolcott, M. Zabik, and
R. Leavitt. Oct 77,90p EPA/600/3-77/112
Grant EPA-R-800483
An assessment is made of sources of variation in pes-
ticide analyses for soil cores taken during the period
May 1973 through September 1974 from two water-
sheds. A number of relationships to methodology,
chemical species, topography, soil conditions, and
weather are identified. Criteria are given for assessing
down-slope movement within and between sampling
segments and movement within the profile. A detailed
description is given of weather and watershed condi-
tions associated with wintertime runoff events on the
larger watershed and with major spring and summer
events on both watersheds in 1975. Emphasis is
placed on characterizing boundary conditions at the
beginning of each event in relation to weather se-
quences that preceded it. Only portions of the pesti-
cide data set, stored at the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, GA, were used in these evalua-
tions. However, important features of soil, topography,
management and weather are identified in relation to
useful variation in the data. The described relation-
ships should be helpful in interpreting and modelling
data from these watersheds for both pesticides and
nutrients.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Runoff, 'Watersheds, 'Great
Lakes Basin, Sedimentation, Losses, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Topography, Soil proper-
ties, Weather, Chlorine organic compounds, Nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds, Fluorine organic com-
pounds, Acetic acids, Winter, Seasonal variations,
Nitro compounds, Mathematical models, Assess-
ments, Tables(Data), 'Atrazine herbicide, Nonpoint
sources, Path of pollutants, 'Paraquat herbicide,
Acetic acid/mercaptophenyl, 'Trifluralin herbicide, To-
luidine/dinitro-dipropyl-trifluoro, Bipyridium com-
pounds, 'Diphenamid herbicide, Acetamide/diphenyl-
N-N-dimethyl.
PB-274 085/0 PC A09/MF A01
Final Guideline Document: Control of Sulfurlc
Acid Mist Emissions from Existing Sulfurlc Acid
Production Units.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Sep 77,189p EPA/450/2-77/019, OAQPS-1.2-078
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-265 062.
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is required
under 40 CFR Part 60 to publish a guideline document
for development of State emission standards after pro-
mulgating any standard of performance for a designat-
ed pollutant. Standards of performance limiting emis-
sions of such a designated pollutant-sulfuric acid
mist-from new and modified sulfuric acid production
units were promulgated on December 23, 1971. ne-
cessitating the development of this document. The
document includes the following information: (1) Emis-
sion guidelines and times for compliance; (2) A brief
description of the sulfuric acid industry, and the nature
and source of acid mist emissions; (3) Information re-
garding the effects of acid mist on health and welfare;
and (4) Assessments of the environmental, economic,
and energy impacts of the emission guideline. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution
control, 'Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Process charting, Design criteria,
Sources, Public health, Assessments, Economic anal-
ysis, Performance evaluation, Standards, Regulations,
Manufacturing, Plant location, Trends, Forecasting,
Sulfur, Sulfur trioxide, Particles, Absorbers(Materials),
Eliminators, Toxicity.
PB-274 086/8 PC A18/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Proceedings of National Conference on Irrigation
Return Flow Quality Management, Held at Colora-
do State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, on
May 16-19,1977. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
James P. Law, Jr., and Gaylord V. Skogerboe. Nov 77,
422p EPA/600/9-77-040
Grant EPA-R-804671
Research projects and investigations were reported
which focused upon defining appropriate technologies
for alleviating water quality problems from irrigated ag-
riculture. The emphasis was on better water manage-
ment practices. Case studies provided insights as to
how these technologies might be implemented. Legal
approaches and socio-economic considerations that
must be taken into account in arriving at alternatives
for implementing programs of irrigation return flow
quality management were presented. The major objec-
tives of the conference were to: (1) Present the results
of recent research pertinent to the subject; (2) inte-
grate the research results into an interdisciplinary ap-
proach to solving the problems; and (3) provide a
forum for presenting and discussing the alternatives in
implementing irrigation return flow quality manage-
ment and/or control.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation, 'Meetings, Sa-
linity, Water quality management, Litigation, Social
effect, Economic factors, Research projects, Water
law, Water pollution control, Soil erosion, Sediments,
Soil water, Nitrogen, 'Return flow.
PB-274 087/6 PC A05/MF A01
Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning
and Analysis. Volume 10 (Revised): Procedures
for Evaluating Air Quality Impact of New Station-
ary Sources,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Laurence J. Budney. Oct 77,89p EPA/450/4-77/001,
OAQPS-1.2-029-R
See also Volume 9, PB-251 619.
This document provides basic modeling techniques for
estimating the air quality impact of new (proposed) sta-
tionary sources. The revision is in a more readily usea-
ble format and incorporates changes and additions to
the technical approach. Also, a simple screening pro-
cedure has been added. The techniques are applica-
ble to chemically stable, gaseous or fine paniculate
pollutants. An important advantage of the technique is
that a sophisticated computer is not required. A pocket
or desk calculator will generally suffice.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, Man-
agement planning, Revisions, Sources, Chimneys,
Concentration(Composition), Wind velocity, Wind di-
rection, Stability, Temperature, Mathematical models,
Atmospheric diffusion, Numerical analysis, 'Air quality
maintenance, 'Stationary sources.
PB-274 093/4 PC A10/MF A01
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Multlmedlum Management of Municipal Sludge.
Committee on a MuTtimedium Approach to Municipal
Sludge Management.
Oct 77,218p
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
See also Volume I, PB-266 025 dated 1977.
The study examines ecological, technical, economic,
and social data on which regulatory decisions for
sludge management are founded; legal and institution-
264 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al constraints on EPA; research on sludge manage-
ment; and decision making in future sludge manage-
ment. While primarily addressing the final stages of the
wastewater treatment system as it applies to sludge
treatment and disposal or reuse, the study also exam-
ines the potential for lowering the concentration of
metals and other toxic materials in sludge through
source control and pretreatment of industrial wastes.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
Urban planning, Fertilizers, Oceans, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Reclamation, Legislation, Govern-
ment policies, Monitoring, Cost analysis, Heavy
metals, Vegetation, Farm crops, Ecology, Organiza-
tions, Site surveys, Toxicity, Solid waste disposal,
Ocean waste disposal, Sewage sludge disposal, Land
PB-274 104/9 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Operation and Maintenance of Paniculate Control
Device* on Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Michael F. Szabo, and Richard W. Gerstle. Jul 77,
384p EPA/600/2-77/129
Contract EPA-68-02-2105
The report discusses the control of fine paniculate
from coal-fired utility boilers, using electrostatic preci-
pitators (ESPs), wet scrubbers, and fabric filters. It pro-
vides guidelines to utility personnel, responsible for se-
lecting fine paniculate control equipment, on signifi-
cant design and cost data correlations based on cur-
rant design practice for ESPs and actual operating and
cost data for wet scrubbers and fabric filters. It gives
fractional efficiency prediction models for ESPs and
wet scrubbers, allowing comparison of capital and op-
erating costs under different coal/boiler application
conditions and different levels of fractional efficiency.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Fines, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Particles, Coal, Electrostatic preclpltators,
Scrubbers, Fabric filters, Design criteria, Cost analysis,
Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Efficiency, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Maintenance,
Mathematical models, Wet methods.
PB-274 105/6 PC A12/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natj,Ohio.
Environmental Requirement* and Pollution Toler-
ance of Common Freshwater Chlronomldae. Final
reot.8Apr74-31 Dec 75,
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ., Tallahas-
see. Lab. of Aquatic Entomolgy.
William M. Beck, Jr. Apr 77,270p EPA/600/4-77/024
Grant EPA-R-802754
Data on the environmental requirements and pollution
tolerance of 230 taxa of freshwater chironomids were
compiled from 33 references. This compilation was
Prepared to assist biologists in evaluating data from
macrolnvertebrate samples collected for The assess-
ment of water quality. The following parameters were
considered: developmental stage, pH, salinity, nutri-
ents, degradable dissolved organlcs, oxygen, tem-
perature, turbidity, current, general habitat, specific
habitat, seasonal distribution.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Tolerances(Physiology),
Fresh water biology, 'Water pollution, Life cycles, pH,
wowth, Salinity, Nutrients, Organic compounds, Ecol-
ogy. Benthos, Temperature, Oxygen, Turbidity,
™*tribution(Property), Seasonal variations, Florida,
Chlronomldae, Habitats.
£>274 107/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Appalachian Mineral Resource Development: En-
vironmental Factor*. Executive summary,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. MATREK Div.
Stephen J. Gage. Jul 77,17p EPA/600/9-77/018
Contract EPA-68-01 -3188
Contents: Mining and processing Impacts on water;
extraction and processing impacts on air; Increased
mineral production In Appalachia; Internallzatlon of
total costs. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
wrote)
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Environmental impacts, Coal
mining, Water pollution, Coal preparation, Suspended
sediments, Erosion, Aquatic biology, Metal industry,
Clays, Sands, Gravel, Air pollution, Aluminum industry,
Mine waters, Copper, Zinc industry, Construction ma-
terials, Solid waste disposal, Land reclamation, Eco-
nomic analysis, 'Appalachian Mountain Region(United
States), Mine acid drainage, Mine wastes.
PB-274 110/6 PCA99/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Administration.
U.S. Directory of Environmental Sources. 2nd Edi-
tion.
United States International Environmental Referral
Center, Washington, D.C.
Sep 77,749p' EPA/840-77/009
A directory of 1114 United States environmental orga-
nizations (sources) registered with the U.S. National
Focal Point of the United Nations Environment Pro-
gram's International Referral System. Information
about each organization includes address, telephone
number, subject attribute, description of organization
plus its sponsorship, community, activities, function.
This 739 page directory includes four sections: Subject
attribute fisting; Directory of sources; Alphabetical list-
ing of registered sources; and Geographical listing by
state and city.
Keywords: 'Directories, Subject Indexing, Sources,
States(United States), Urban areas, Organizations,
'Environmental organizations, Listings.
PB-274 113/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pilot Plant Study of Conversion of Coal to Low
Sulfur Fuel. Final rept. Jun 73-Mar 75,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
Donald K. Fleming, and Robert D. Smith. Oct 77,156p
EPA/600/2-77/206
Contract EPA-68-02-1366
The report gives results of a program to develop, on
bench and pilot scales, operating conditions for the
key step in the IGT process to desulfurize coal by ther-
mal and chemical treatment. This process, to date,
uses the 'sulfur-getter' concept. (A sulfur-getter is a
material that has a greater chemical affinity for sulfur
than coal has.) Lime was the sulfur-getter for this pro-
gram. In Phase I, a coal/lime mixture was experimen-
tally treated at atmospheric pressure with a reducing
gas In a heated, fluidlzed bed reactor, which could
treat up to 200 Ib/hr of mixture to 1200 F. The coal was
Illinois No. 6, containing about 3% sulfur. Initial work
resulted in the discovery that less sulfur was removed
than expected. Two factors were believed responsible:
the coal heat-up rate In the fluidlzed bed was nearly In-
stantaneous, which appeared to cause organic sulfur
fixation; and the coal showed signs of weathering
(therefore, the total sulfur content was not readily
available for hydrogen treatment). Phase II redirected
the program to the operation of smaller scale units fea-
turing: controlled heat-up rates, an increased number
of tests over a broader range of conditions (with sav-
ings In time and manpower), and coal samples from
several U.S. mines. A coal/lime mixture was treated
with hydrogen, in batch reactors, to 1500 F. Tests Indi-
cated that lime treatment does not capture all sulfur re-
leased from the coal.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Coal, 'Desul-
furlzation, Pilot plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Process charting, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Calcium oxides, Sulfur, Tables(Data),
Equipment, Coal preparation, Batch reactors, 'IGT
process, Low sulfur fuels, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-274 115/5 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Environmental Aaaeaament of PCBa In the Atmos-
phere. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va.
B. Fuller, J. Gordon, and M. Kornrelch. Apr 76,279p*
MTR-7210-REV-1, EPA/450/3-77/045
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
This report examines atmospheric aspects of environ-
mental problems associated with polychlorinated bl-
phenyls (PCB). Subjects covered include: (1) physical
and chemical properties of PCB, (2) monitoring meth-
ods for PCB in air, (3) sources of PCB emissions, (4)
environmental distribution, transport, and transforma-
tion of PCB, (5) methods of control of PCB emissions,
and (6) biological effects of PCB.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Chlorine organic compounds,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Monitoring,
Sources, Animals, Toxicology, Public health, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Chemical analysis, Air pollution con-
trol, Carcinogens, Ecology, Sampling, Gas analysis,
'Polychlorinated blphenyls, Path of pollutants, Air pol-
lution effect(Animals).
PB-274 116/3 PC A07/MF A01
Effects of Phosphate Mineralization and the Phos-
phate Industry on Radlum-226 In Ground Water of
Central Florida. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Robert F. Kaufmann, and James D. Bliss. Oct 77,127p
EPA/520/6-77/010
Principal U. S. phosphate production Is from central
Florida where mining, processing, and waste disposal
practices intimately associate the industry with water
resources. Available radlum-226 data from 1966 and
from 1973-1976 were statistically analyzed to charac-
terize radium in the water table, Upper Floridan, and
Lower Floridan aquifers. Mined and unmlned mineral-
ized areas and nonmlnerallzed areas in the primary
study area in Polk, Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee,
and De Soto counties were studied. Log-normal prob-
ability plots and nonparametric statistical tests (Mann-
Whitney, Kruskal-Wallls, Kolmogorov-Smlrnov, simul-
taneous multiple comparison) were used to analyze for
central tendency, variance, and significant difference
as functions of time, depth, and location.
Keywords: 'Phosphate deposits, 'Strip mining, 'Water
pollution, 'Radium isotopes, Ground water, Beneflcia-
tion, Sampling, Monitoring, Transport properties, Hy-
drology, Statistical analysis, Florida, Radium 226,
Water pollution detection.
PB-274 140/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Effects of Stage I Vapor Recovery Regulations on
Small Bulk Planta and on Air Quality In the Wash-
ington, DC., Baltimore, MD., and Houston/Qalves-
ton, TX. Areae. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
R. J. Bryan, M. M. Yamada, and R. L. Norton. Mar 77,
165p EPA/340/1-77/010
Contract EPA-68-01-3156
See also report dated Sep 76, PB-269 684.
This study surveyed bulk plant operations In areas sur-
rounding Baltimore, MD, Washington, D.C., and Hous-
ton/Galveston, TX. It was performed to determine
whether the descriptive, market and economic data
presented in an earlier report adequately applied to
other areas of the country. For these specific locations
data was obtained to: (1) Provide an inventory of bulk
plants and classify these plants by throughput. (2) De-
scribe facilities and vapor recovery equipment at the
bulk plants. (3) Determine types of customers and
volume dispensed to non-exempt accounts, agricul-
ture accounts and accounts with small tanks. (4) Fi-
nancial profile of typical bulk plants.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Materials recovery, *Alr pollu-
tion, Air pollution control, Hydrocarbons, Financing,
Regulations, Vapor phase, Storage tanks, Cargo trans-
portation, District of Columbia, Maryland, Texas,
Equipment, *Alr quality, 'Fugitive emissions,
Baltlmore(Maryland), HoustonfTexas),
Galveston(Texas).
PB-274 176/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Poultry Waste Management Alternatives: A
Design and Application Manual. Final rept. Jul 75-
Jul 77,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Ithaca. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
J. H. Martin, and R. C. Loehr. Oct 77,2 °9p EPA/600/
2-77/204
Grant EPA-R-803866-01-0
Changes In the egg production Industry during the past
20-30 years have produced waste management prob-
December 1983 265
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jems which threaten both water and air quality. Results
from a number of research studies have identified two
processes-aerobic biological stabilization and drying--
that provide both odor control and the reduction of the
water pollution potential of these wastes. In this
manual, the theoretical concepts underlying each
poultry waste management approach are discussed,
and process design methodologies are presented. In-
cluded are design examples to illustrate the applica-
tion of design methodologies. A discussion of the
Impact of design decisions on performance character-
istics and computer programs to assist in the process
design for each alternative are also presented. Both
high-rise, undercage drying and aeration systems are
compared to identify relative merits and provide eco-
nomic projections. Odor control and plant nutrient con-
servation capabilities as well as refeeding potential for
both alternatives are discussed.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Poultry, 'Agricultural wastes,
Management planning, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution control, Odor control, Prying, Aerobic processes,
Design criteria, Process charting, Oxidation, Perform-
ance evaluation, Cost analysis, Aeration, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, Computer programs, 'Water
quality, 'Air quality.
PB-274 229/4 PC A14/MF A01
Radiological Quality of the Environment In the
United States, 1977. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
KurtL Feldman. Sep 77,307p' EPA/520/1-77/009
See also report dated May 76, PB-254 615.
The report Is part of Office of Radiation Programs
(ORP's) dose assessment program for evaluating the
radiological quality of the environment. Special em-
phasis was placed on acquiring and summarizing the
most recent dose data available. For some source cat-
egories, dose information was available for calendar
year 1976, for others the most recent data go back to
the early 1970's. No effort was made to calculate or
extrapolate from existing data to supply missing dose
Information. Instead, the concern was for the availabil-
ity of data and what the existing data provide for indi-
vidual and population dose information. However,
gaps in data coverage and areas of inadequate data
coverage are identified when found.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radiation dosage, 'Ra-
dioactivity, Environments, Public health, Ionizing radi-
ation, Evaluation, Dose rate, Tables(Data), United
States, Populations, Radiation hazards, Radiation ef-
fects, Uranium, Fallout, Radioactive contaminants,
Mining, 'Environmental impact assessments, Nonion-
Izlng radiation, Environmental health, Environmental
quality.
PB-274 233/6 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Environmental Implications of Trends In Agricul-
ture and Silviculture. Volume I: Trend Identifica-
tion and Evaluation. Final rept.,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, Kans.
Samuel G. Unger. Oct 77, 232p* EPA/600/3-77/121
Contract EPA-68-03-2451
Prepared in cooperation with Tuolumne Corp., Code
Madera, Calif.
Current and emerging trends in U.S. agriculture and sil-
viculture that will have the most significant environ-
mental implications in both the short term (1985) and
the long term (2010) are determined and assessed.
Five major subsectors of agriculture and silviculture
were Included in the analysis: (1) nonirrigated crop pro-
duction; (2) irrigated crop production; (3) feedlot pro-
duction; (4) range and pasture management; (5) silvi-
culture and harvest management. Within each subsec-
tor, numerous trends and developments were identi-
fied and defined by the contractor. Thereafter, an eval-
uation workshop, comprised of subsector profession-
als from throughout the nation, evaluated, rated and
rank-ordered the most significant environmentally re-
lated trends.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Forestry, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Water pollution, Trends, Assessments, Farm
crops, Production, Irrigation, FeedingJSupplying), Live-
stock, Tables(Data), Air pollution, Grassland, Range
grasses, Forest trees, Harvesting, Cattle, Manage-
ment, Evaluation, Systems analysis, 'Silviculture,
Feedlot wastes.
PB-274 262/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for the Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards: Coal Preparation
Plants. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Yatendra M. Shah, and James R. Burke. Nov 77,149p
EPA/340/1-77/022
Contract EPA-68-r 1 -3150
Standards of Performance for new and modified coal
preparation plants were promulgated under Section III
of the Clean Air Act on January 15, 1976. This report
presents procedures for inspection of coal preparation
facilities toward determination of their compliance with
NSPS. It also provides background information that
will aid the inspector in understanding the coal prepa-
ration process and the effects of operating parameters
on process emissions.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Air pollution control, 'Coal
preparation, 'Monitoring, 'Inspection, Air pollution
abatement, Law enforcement, Particles, Performance
evaluation, Plant location, Economics, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Standards, Exhaust gases, Gas
analysis, Standards.
PB-274 264/1 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Study of Industrial Data on Candidate Chemi-
cals for Teatlng. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
Jeffrey Allport, Sharon Casey, Janet Cook, Peter Hall,
and C. Tucker Helmes. Aug 77,592p RESEARCH
REQUEST-1, EPA/560/5-77/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -4109
This report summarizes the work done under Re-
search Request No. 1 and includes three major parts:
(1) Data previously collected on an NSF study was
supplemented to provide the following information
where available on 667 industrial chemicals: (a) U.S.
production; (b) estimates of quantities released annu-
ally to the environment; (c) major uses; and (d) refer-
ences on mutagenicity tests. Mutagenicity data on 25
chemicals were evaluated after developing a list of
assays and criteria for classifying the results as either
positive or negative/inadequate. (2) Tables were pre-
pared which contain economic information on 1791
chemicals belonging to 26 structural classes consid-
ered to represent potential industrial carcinogens and
mutagens. For those chemicals with annual production
greater than one million pounds, market forecasts
were prepared which present a brief summary of pro-
duction, consumption patterns, major uses, possible
substitutes, and growth trends. (3) Carcinogenicity
data for all chemicals belonging to three classes
(epoxides, alky) halides, and vinyl halides) were used
to correlate structural features with carcinogenic activi-
ty. Criteria were developed for estimating the potential
Carcinogenicity of chemicals in each class. These cri-
teria were applied to those chemicals in each class
known to be produced commercially or for which there
was evidence of significant human exposure. The re-
sults of the study were summarized in three separate
reports. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
Hydroxylamines, Carbamates, Manufacturing,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys,
Carcinogens, Industrial wastes, Utilization, Trends,
Sultones, Sulfates, Aziridines, Lactones, Toxicity, Mar-
keting, Economics, Public health, Tables(Data), Muta-
gens, Epoxides, Azo compounds, Alkanes, Phosphoric
acid, Esters, Halogen organic compounds, Ethers, Al-
dehydes, Peroxy organic compounds, Hydrocarbons,
Hydrazines, Nitroso compounds, Amines, Azides,
'Chemicals, Triazenes, Furan/nitro.
PB-274 320/1 PC A10/MF A01
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Nutrients. Staff
Guide for Conducting the Course. Final rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Audrey D. Kroner. Nov 77,213p EPA/430/1-77/007
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-261 290.
This manual is designed for use by administrators, sup-
port staff and instructors who will be responsible for
presenting the topics in the student reference text, 'Ef-
fluent Monitoring Procedures: Nutrients' (PB-261 290).
It contains information about course planning and
management: course plan and working schedules; re-
quired staff, facilities, equipment, supplies, and instruc-
tional resources; course registration, record-keeping,
and attendant printed materials. It also contains in-
structional package worksheets (lesson plans) for
each topic in the student reference text.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Monitoring, 'Nutrients, 'Water
analysis, Specialized training, Instructional materials,
Management planning, Chemical analysis, Water pol-
lution, Laboratory equipment, Training, Ammonia, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Organic phosphates, Oils,
Greases, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites, Procedures,
'Water pollution detection, Selective ion electrodes,
Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-274 321/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Basic Laboratory
Skills - Student Reference Manual,
Charles County Community Coll., La Plata, Md.
William T. Engel, John H. Highby, and David M.
Wagner. Nov 77,127p EPA/430/1-77/011
Grant EPA-900501
Supersedes report dated May 75, PB-244 918. See
also PB-274 320.
The Basic Laboratory Skills Manual is designed for the
treatment plant operator or technician who is required
to monitor effluent discharges under a National Pollut-
ant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and
who had little or no previous experience In laboratory
work. The manual to be used by the student contains a
review of basic mathematics which Includes the metric
system, whole numbers, decimals, formulas and per-
centage. The chemical laboratory section contains ap-
plications such as weighing techniques, use of labora-
tory equipment, and preparation and standardization
of reagents. An introduction to basic microbiological
techniques is also included.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Monitoring, 'Water analysis, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Applications of mathematics,
Numerical analysis, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Tables(Data), Microbiology, Bacteria, Edu-
cation, Instructional materials, Procedures, 'Water
pollution detection, National Pollutant Discharge Elimi-
nation System.
PB-274 339/1 PC A07/MF A01
Respiratory Disease In Children Exposed to Sulfur
Oxides and Partlculates. Doctoral thesis,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
Douglas Ira Hammer. Sep 77, 148p EPA/600/1-77/
043
Acute lower respiratory disease was surveyed by
questionnaire among parents of 10,000 children aged
1 to 1 2 years in two Southeastern communities repre-
senting intermediate and high exposures to particu-
lates and low sulfur dioxide levels. Morbidity reporting
patterns with respect to age, parental education, and
history of asthma were similar for blacks and whites,
but the frequency of pneumonia was significantly
lower, and the frequencies of croup, bronchitis, and
'any lower respiratory disease' were significantly
higher among whites in both communities. Significant
were higher in male children and female parents, and
were comparable to other studies. Significant in-
creases of lower respiratory disease were also found
among asthmatic children in the high exposure com-
munity. Difference in parental recall, family size, or pa-
rental cigarette smoking were not likely explanations
for the excess morbidity in the high exposure commu-
nity. Therefore, these results associate excess acute
lower respiratory disease in children with exposure to
elevated paniculate levels and low sulfur dioxide con-
centrations.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Sulfur dioxide, Epi-
demology, Children, Particles, Exposure, Air pollution,
Morbidity, Pneumonia, Asthma, Demography, Commu-
nities, Theses, Questionnaires, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health.
266 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-274 342/5 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry.
Trophic Structure Modifications by Planktlvorous
Fish In Aquatic Microcosms,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
A. Jassby, J. Rees, M. Dudzik, D. Levy, and E. Lapan.
Aug 77,23p EPA/600/7-77/096
Report on Microcosm Trophic Structure. Prepared in
cooperation with Energy Research and Development
Administration, Washington, D.C. Div. of Biomedical
and Environmental Research.
Two of 4 replicate 700-liter aquatic microcosms each
were stocked with Z mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis).
The dominant zooplankter shifted from the large cla-
doceran Simocephalus vetulus to the smaller Alona
guttata. The subsequent release of grazing pressure
resulted in a rise in both phytoplankton and bacteria
levels, which In turn were responsible for an increased
rotifer blomass. Partlculate organic carbon was higher
and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was lower In the pres-
ence of Gambusia, reflecting a net shift of nutrients
from inorganic to organic form, presumably because of
smaller zooplankton respiratory losses. Ratios of par-
tlculate to dissolved organic carbon and of phytoplank-
ton carbon to chlorophyll a were unnaturally high In the
microcosms containing fish. An Increase in total nitro-
gen was deduced for all 4 systems during the experi-
ment; the Increase could be explained by the presence
of heterocystous Anabaena sp, and was Independent
of the presence of fish.
Keywords: *Food chains, "Fishes, 'Plankton, *Fresh
water biology, 'Ecology, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton,
Bacteria, Nutrients, Respiration, Carbon,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds,
Chlorophylls, Nitrogen, Animal behavior, Acclimatiza-
tion, 'Trophic level, 'Microcosms, Gambusia affinis,
Simocephalus vetulus, Alona guttata, Rotifera.
PB-274 367/2 PC AOS/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Urea Manufacture. Final rept.
Mar76-Sep77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
W. J. Search, and R. B. Reznik. Nov 77,94p MRC-DA-
728, EPA/600/2-77/107L
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-273 068.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the poten-
tial environmental effects of air emissions from the
production of urea. Urea production in the U.S. was
3.45 million metric tons in 1975. Major products were
urea solution (38%), granulated solid material (53%),
and prilled solid material (9%). Over 75% of the urea
produced is consumed in fertilizers. Both ammonia and
Participates are released to the atmosphere during its
manufacture. Major emission points are the evapora-
Emissions from the evaporator and granulator are nor-
mally controlled by scrubbers; prill tower emissions are
not controlled. Source severities were determined to
evaluate potential environmental effects: they were
between 10 and 1 for ammonia emissions from the prill
tower and for paniculate emissions from the evapora-
tor, granulator, and prill tower. (Source severity is the
ratio of the average maximum ground level concentra-
tion of an emission species to the ambient air quality
standard (participates) or (for ammonia) to a reduced
threshold limit value.)
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Urea, 'Chemical industry,
Air pollution control, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Sources, Combustion products, Particles, Ammonia,
Cpncentration(Composition), Design criteria, Process
charting, Technology, Forecasting, Trends, Perform-
ance evaluation, Emission factors. Fugitive emissions.
PB-274 368/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Near-Surface Air Parcel Trajectories - St Louis,
1»7S. Final rept.,
environmental Quality Research, Inc., Clayton, Mo.
L. J. Hull, W. P. Dannevik, and S. Frisella. Nov 77,210p
EPA/600/3-77/123
Jhe utility of air parcel trajectories is described for the
Diagnosis of mesometeorological and urban air pollu-
tion problems. A technique is described that uses the
St. Louis Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) to
provide wind measurements for the local urban scale.
A computerized trajectory model is described that
computes near-surface air parcel motions. Results are
presented for a study of 50 trajectory case studies
during the summer 1975 St. Louis experiments. It is
concluded that the use of RAMS minute-averaged
data has been made a fully operational segment of the
trajectory model and produces a detailed and accurate
description of the urban wind field. The model can be
modified to accept wind observations on any time or
distance scale. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric motion, 'Math-
ematical models, Computerized simulation, Numerical
analysis, Wind, Plumes, Industrial wastes, Sources,
Computer programming, Trajectories, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Path of pollutants, RAPS program,
Regional air monitoring system.
PB-274 369/8 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sampling and Modeling of Non-Point Sources at a
Coal-Flr»d Utility. Final rept. Jan 76-May 77,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfleld, Conn.
Gordon T. Brookman. Sep 77,276p EPA/600/2-77/
199
Contract EPA-68-02-2133
The report gives results of a measurement and model-
Ing program for nonpolnt sources (NPS) from two coal-
fired utility plants, and the Impact of NPS on receiving
waters. The field measurement survey, performed at
two utility plants In Pennsylvania, included measure-
ment of overland runoff from NPS and river sampling
upstream and downstream of each plant site. NPS
sampled were storm water runoff and leachate from
coal storage piles and runoff from impervious areas
such as parking lots and roofs which were covered
with dust fallout from coal and ash handling oper-
ations. A mathematical model was developed to simu-
late both the quantity and quality of industrial NPS pol-
lution and Its impact on receiving waters. Field data In-
dicated that NPS pollution from utilities had little
impact on the two rivers, compared to the impact from
sources upstream of each site. Modeled results com-
pared to field measurements within a factor of 4 tor
both the quantity and quality of storm water runoff and
its impact on the quality of the receiving waters. Field
survey results indicate that, for a cost-effective pro-
gram, sampling must be supplemented with modeling
(the modeling results indicate that the developed
model can be used with a minimum of field data to suc-
cessfully simulate industrial NPS pollution and its
impact on receiving waters for the utility industry). (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Coal, Runoff, Sampling, Field tests, Industrial wastes,
Computer programs, Sites, Leaching, Utilities,
Precipitatlon(Meteorology), Sources, Numerical analy-
sis, Pennsylvania, 'Nonpoint sources, 'Water pollution
sampling, Path of pollutants.
PB-274 388/8 PC A02/MF A01
USA: Water Research Information - Where Is It.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Gilbert M. Gigliotti. 1976,11 p EPA/600/ J-76/075
Pub. in Papers and Proceedings: Information for the
Water Industry, A Water Research Centre Conference,
March 22-23, 1976, England, Paper 13 p185-194
1976.
This paper was given at an international conference on
'Information for the Water Industry,' held at the Univer-
sity of Reading, England. The conference aims were to
provide a forum for discussion on the handling of pub-
lished information in the water industry. The author
summarizes the USA research information in the ses-
sion: Water Information Worldwide.
Keywords: 'Water resources, Industries, Abstracts, In-
formation retrieval, Environmental impacts, Water
quality, Bibliographies, Documentation, Reviews, Re-
search reports, Universities, Great Britain, Sources,
National government, Information services, Informa-
tion centers, Federal agencies, Announcement bulle-
tins.
PB-274 389/6 PC A02/MF A01
Instrumental Sensing of Stationary Source Emis-
sions. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
William F. Herget, and William D. Conner. 1977,8p
EPA/600/J-77/049
Pub. in Environmerital Science and Technology, vll
n10p962-967Oct77.
Remote sensing methods offer a number of advan-
tages over contact measurement methods in the area
of enforcement and surveillance of emissions from
stationary sources. Several techniques have been de-
veloped that can measure the gas concentration, efflu-
ent velocity, and particulate opacity. The velocity
measurement is needed so that a mass emission rate
may be determined. To evaluate the accuracy, utility,
and state of development of some of these tech-
niques, a series of measurements were conducted at
coal-burning power plants in which the results of the
remote measurements were compared with the results
of in-stack measurements made using EPA Reference
Methods. The techniques studied and the properties
measured were (1) infrared gas-filter correlation radio-
metry (SO2); (2) Fourier-transform spectroscopy
(SO2); (3) ultraviolet matched-filter correlation spec-
troscopy (S02); (4) infrared and ultraviolet television
(velocity and S02); (5) infrared laser Doppler veloci-
metry (velocity); and (6) visible lidar (plume opacity).
The techniques used, procedures, the measurement
results, and recommendations for evaluating and using
remote sensing instruments for measuring emissions
from pollutant sources are described.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Optical measuring in-
struments, 'Sulfur dioxide, Gas detectors,
Concentration(Compositlon), Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Ra-
dlometry, Optical radar, Doppler effect, Combustion
products, Law enforcement, Performance evaluation,
Infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Re-
prints, Stationary sources, 'Air pollution detection,
'Coal fired power plants, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy.
PB-274 390/4 PC A02/MF A01
Temperature Safety Device for Aquatic Labora-
tory Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
David L. DeFoe. 1977,3p EPA/600/J-77/051
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v39 n3 p131 Jul 77.
The temperature safety device described here will pro-
tect aquatic organisms in experiments or in rearing and
holding facilities by stopping water flow when set tem-
peratures are exceeded. The device consists of
switches constructed from aquarium heaters that are
activated by excessively high and low temperatures.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment, 'Temperature,
Marine microorganisms, Heating equipment, Biological
laboratories, Aquatic animals, Water flow.
PB-274 409/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Effects of Stage I Vapor Recovery Regulations on
Small Bulk Plants and on Air Quality In the Wash-
ington, D.C., Baltimore, MD, and Houston/Galves-
ton, TX Areas. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
R. J. Bryan, M. M. Yamada, and R. L. Norton. Mar 77,
164pEPA/340/1-77/010
Contract EPA-68-01 -3156
See also report dated Sep 76, PB-269 884.
This study surveyed bulk plant operations in areas sur-
rounding Baltimore, MD, Washington, D.C., and Hous-
ton/Galveston, TX. It was performed to determine
whether the descriptive, market and economic data
presented in an earlier report adequately applied to
other areas of the country. For these specific locations
data was obtained to: (1) Provide an inventory of bulk
plants and classify these plants by throughput; (2) De-
scribe facilities and vapor recovery equipment at the
bulk plants; (3) Determine types of customers and
volume dispensed to non-exempt accounts, agricul-
ture accounts and accounts with small tanks; and, (4)
Financial profile of typical bulk plants.
December 1983 267
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gasoline, 'Materials
recovery, 'Economic analysis, Equipment, Storage
tanks, Vapor phase, Hydrocarbons, Regulations,
Cargo transportation, Organic compounds, Capitalized
costs, Automobiles, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Texas, 'Fugitive emissions, Baltimore(Maryland),
Houston(Texas), Qalveston(Texas).
PB-274 411/8 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Conservation Districts and 208 Water Quality
Management: Non-Point Source Identification and
Assessment, Selection of Best Management Prac-
tices, Management Agencies, Regulatory Pro-
grams. Final rept,
National Association of Conservation Districts, Wash-
ington, D.C.
William B. Davey. Jun 77,353p
Grant EPA-T-900574-01 -0
Prepared in cooperation with Soil Conservation Serv-
ice, Washington, D.C. and Bureau of Land Manage-
ment, Washington, D.C.
This publication highlights potential conservation dis-
trict involvement in the preparation and implementa-
tion of state and areawide water quality management
plans developed pursuant to Section 206 of Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.
L 92-500). It is keyed to the required water quality
management planning elements specified in Environ-
mental Protection Agency regulations (40 CFR Part
131.11, elements (a) through (p)). The document is di-
rected primarily to water quality planners, conservation
districts, and state soil conservation agencies (boards,
commissions, committees, councils, or equivalent).
Those federal and state agencies with whom conser-
vation districts have cooperative working arrange-
ments as well as various public interest groups may
also find the material of interest.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Management
planning. Regulations, Sources, Soil analysis, Land
use, Assessments, Standards, Industrial wastes,
Sewage treatment, Sediments, 'Water quality man-
agement, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972, Nonpoint sources, Point sources, Land
disposal.
PB-274 425/8 PC A02/MF A01
Methods for Calculating an LC50. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Charles E. Stephen. 1977,22p EPA/600/J-77/050
Pub. in Methods for Calculating an LCSO, Aquatic Toxi-
cology and Hazard Evaluation, ASTM STP 634, p65-84
1977.
A variety of graphical and computational methods can
be used to derive a median lethal concentration (LCSO)
from concentration-mortality data produced by an
acute mortality test. In the selection of a method, prac-
tical considerations should receive as much attention
as the usual theoretical and statistical considerations.
No method should be used that does not calculate
both the LCSO and its 95 percent confidence limits. Un-
fortunately, several computational methods will not
calculate an LCSO from some concentration-mortality
data that are practically and statistically useful to
aquatic toxicologists. Useful, statistically sound infor-
mation about the LCSO and its 95 percent confidence
limits can be calculated from the data produced by any
acute mortality test that meets published criteria of ac-
ceptability, by using an internally consistent scheme
based on the moving average method and the binomi-
al test.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Biostatistics, Aquatic biology,
Water pollution, Mortality, Computation, Statistical
analysis, Biometrics, Toxicity, Tests, Bioassay, Re-
prints, 'Lethal concentration.
PB-274 448/0 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Disinfection Efficiency and Residual Toxicity of
Several Wastewater Disinfectants. Volume II. Wy-
oming, Michigan. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 76,
Wyoming, Mien.
Ronald W. Ward, Randall D. Giffin, and G. Michael
DeGraeve. Nov 77,119p EPA/600/2-77/203
Grant EPA-S-802292
Prepared in cooperation with Grand Valley State Coll.,
Allendale, Mich. Dept. of Biology. See also Volume 1
dated Oct 76, PB-262 245.
This study was conducted to determine the compara-
tive effectiveness of chlorine, bromine chloride, and
ozone as wastewater disinfectants, and to determine
any residual toxicity associated with wastewater disin-
fection with these agents or with chlorinated
wastewater which had been dechlorinated with sulfur
dioxide. A stream of nondisinfected trickling filter efflu-
ent was pumped from the Wyoming, Michigan
Wastewater Treatment Plant to the project's water
treatment building. The supply of effluent was split into
four streams, three of which were disinfected with
either chlorine, bromine chloride, or ozone and then
delivered to the bioassay laboratory for residual toxic-
ity tests. The fourth stream was delivered directly to
the bioassay laboratory for testing. In addition, a por-
tion of the chlorinated effluent stream was dechlorinat-
ed with sulfur dioxide and then pumped to the bioassay
laboratory. Total and fecal coliform densities, total sus-
pended solids, volatile solids, COD, ammonia nitrogen,
phosphate, turbidity, color, and pH were measured in
the wastewater streams. Each of the five wastewater
streams was tested for acute toxicity towards several
species of fishes and invertebrates, and chronic toxic-
ity in a life cycle study with the fathead minnow, Pime-
pnales promelas, as the test subject.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Sewage treatment,
'Disinfection, 'Toxicity, Bioassays, Chlorine, Bromine
inorganic compounds, Chlorides, Ozone, Residues,
Sulfur dioxide, Invertebrates, Fishes, pH, Toxic toler-
ances, Effectiveness, Dechlorination, Coliform bacte-
ria, Nitrogen, Minnows, Michigan, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Pimepnales promelas,
Wyoming(Michigan), Bromine chlorides.
PB-274 449/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Gas-atomized Spray Scrubber Evaluation. Final
task rept. Feb-Aug 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, Harry F. Barbarika, and Gary M.
Monahan. Oct 77, 77p EPA/600/2-77/209a
Contract EPA-68-02-1869
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-263 617.
The report gives results of fine particle collection effi-
ciency measurements of a gas-atomized spray scrub-
ber, cleaning effluent gas from a No. 7 gray iron
cupola. Tests were made at several levels of pressure
drop and liquid/gas ratio. Particle size measurements
on inlet and outlet gas streams were made with cas-
cade impactors and an A.P.T. screen-type diffusion
battery. The particle mass collection efficiency at a
pressure drop of aout 100 cm W.C. was 91 % for parti-
cles with a mass median diameter of about 0.4 mi-
crometers A. Scrubber inlet gas flow rate varied, be-
cause the cupola was operated with an open top, from
4.0 to 12.6 A cu m/s (8,500 to 27,000 acfm). Air leak-
age into the scrubber system caused serious operating
problems until most of the leaks were sealed. The pen-
etrations for 1 micrometer A diameter particles were
about as predicted by the mathematical model; howev-
er, smaller particle penetrations were lower, and larger
particle penetrations were higher, than predicted. The
latter two effects are believed due to water condensa-
tion effects and entrainment, respectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Scrubbers, 'Iron and steel industry, Particles, Per-
formance evaluation, Efficiency, Spraying, Design cri-
teria, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Tabtes(Data), 'Gas atomized spray scrubbers, Cas-
cade impactors.
PB-274 451/4 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In South Carolina
Lakes. Data rept. 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Sep 77,72p EPA/600/3-77/102
Previously released in limited distribution as No. 690 in
the Working Paper Series for the National Eutrophica-
tlon Survey.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 13 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of South
Carolina. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'South Carolina, DistributionfProperty), Surveys, Fresh
water biology, Abundance, Sites, Monitors, Diatoms,
Tables(Data), Algae, Food chains, Plankton, Aquatic
plants, 'Eutrophication, Species diversity, 'Trophic
level.
PB-274 452/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Ozone Over San Francisco. Means and Patterns
During Pollution Episodes. Final rept. Apr 73-Aug
77,
San Jose State Univ., Calif. Dept. of Meteorology.
Kenneth P. MacKay. Nov 77,123p EPA/600/4-77/
046
Grant EPA-R-802235
Measurements of meteorological parameters were
taken at six levels and ozone at four levels between
260m and 473m ASL on the Mt. Sutro T.V. Tower in
San Francisco during the summers of 1974 through
1976. Hourly average ozone concentrations within the
elevated inversion layer at this location exceeded the
8 pphm (160 microgram/cu m) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards about 15% of the time. High inver-
sion layer ozone concentrations at this site were asso-
ciated with high surface concentrations occurring
during area-wide air pollution episodes. These epi-
sodes occurred when a lobe of the Pacific high pres-
sure system penetrated inland. During these episodes,
superposition of synoptic scale northeasterly flow and
locally produced mesoscale flow caused easterly or
light westerly flows during the late forenoon within the
inversion layer and westerly flow in the late afternoon.
jnland, where the inversion was destroyed from below,
inversion layer and surface generated pollutants were
convectively mixed. This mixing and the wind oscilla-
tion recycled pollutants. The episodes ended when the
synoptic situation reverted to one more normal for the
season and pollutants were advected from the area.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Meteorological
data, Concentration(Composition), California, Atmos-
pheric motion, Measuring instruments, Monitoring,
Data analysis, 'San Francisco(Callfornia).
PB-274 454/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
New Jersey NEDS (National Emission Date
System). Point Source. Emission Inventory. Final
rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
Clara Vidal. Sep 77,121 p EPA/902/4-77/008
Contract EPA-68-02-1380
This report discusses various upgrades to the New
Jersey National Emission Data System (NEDS) which
Engineering Science conducted under several task
orders. In the first three task orders, ES was directed
to identify specific data elements that were missing
from the NEDS file and which could not be found in the
state's file. However, when such data was available,
upgrades were to be made to NEDS. Three additional
tasks were subsequently conducted with the intent of
updating the New Jersey NEDS file to a level suitable
for immediate use in modeling efforts associated with
SIP development. In order to accomplish this task
within the time constraints, ES and EPA established
priorities for the types of data required. Information
was collected for only those sources existing in the
NEDS file at that time.
Keywords: 'New Jersey, 'Air pollution, 'Inventories,
Sources, Industrial plants, Tables(Data), Combustion
products, 'Point sources, National Emission Data
System.
PB-274 455/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.
In Situ Treatment of Hazardous Material Spills In
Flowing Streams. Final rept.,
Battelle-Northwest, Richland, Wash.
Gaynor W. Dawson, Basil W. Mercer, and Richard G.
Parkhurst. Oct 77,62p EPA/600/2-77/164
Contracts EPA-68-03-0330, EPA-68-03-2006
268 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Two methods of applying activated carbon adsorption
treatment to flowing streams were evaluated under
comparable conditions. The first involved subsurface
introduction of buoyant carbon into the water column
followed by the floating of the carbon to the surface
and subsequent removal using conventional surface
skimming techniques. The second involved the addi-
tion to the water of nonbuoyant granular activated
Packaged in porous fiber bags ('tea bags') which were
attached to floats. The bags were allowed to travel
with the spill plume for a given distance and were sub-
sequently removed manually. Controlled field experi-
ments using n-hexone as the test chemical were con-
ducted at various flow rates in a specially modified
abandoned irrigation channel at the Energy Research
and Development Administration's Hanford site and
showed that for 'low-flow' nonturbulent conditions the
buoyant carbon technique was more effective in re-
moving the chemical from the water with only tolerable
amounts of the carbon remaining in the stream. As the
flow and turbulence increased the pollutant removal
effectiveness of the 'tea bag' approach improved.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Activated carbon,
Water pollution control, Adsorption, Flotation, Buoy-
ancy, Sinking agents, Organic compounds, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field tests.
PB-274 472/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Air Quality Modeling Study to Analyze the Impact
of Various S02 Control Strategies on Ambient Air
Quality In the San Francisco Bay Area. Final rept,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
R. C. Koch, D. J. Pelton, and P. H. Hwang. Feb 77,87p
GEOMET-EF-503
Contract EPA-68-02-1442
The work was performed as a task under a level-of-
effort contract. This report presents the procedures
used, the results of the study, and the data used in
Volume I. Volume II contains the voluminous informa-
tion used for model validation, meteorological input
data, and some of the model output information.
Keywords: *Sulfur dioxide, *Air pollution control,
Mathematical models, Regulations, Monitoring, In-
ventories, ConcentrationjComposition), Sources, Cali-
fornia, San Francisco Bay, "Air quality, Gaussian
Plume models, Procedures, Point sources.
PB-274 473/8 PC A13/MF A01
Air Pollution Abstracts. Volume 1, Number 4, Sup-
plement 4 (Reissue of Volume 1, Number 4 with
subject and Author Indexes). Abstracts 6273-
7327. (NAPCA Abstract Bulletin).
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
1970,298p APABCA-1 (9)(1970)-Suppl-4
Reissue of Rept. no. APABCA-1(4)(1970). See also
Volume 1, No. 9, PB-263 593.
This periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative-, Social As-
Pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This issue contains
abstracts 8273-7327.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Periodicals, Abstracts, An-
nouncement bulletins.
fB-274 485/2 PC A08/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
nigh Temperature Partlculats Control with Ceram-
ic Fitters. Final rept. Jul 75-Aug 77,
Westinghouse Research Labs., Pittsburgh, Pa.
D. F. ClUberti. Oct 77,174p EPA/600/2-77/207
Contract EPA-68-02-1887
The report gives results of an assessment of using ce-
ramic materials as filters for fine paniculate removal at
high temperatures. The program was in two phases.
Phase I, directed toward the development of a porous
alumina membrane filter, had limited success because
of the fragility of the membranes formed, and the diffi-
culty in controlling the pore size distribution of the fil-
ters. The major objective of Phase II, concentrating on
screening other available materials, was to identify ma-
terials with good filtration potential, select one or two
of the most promising, and (as rapidly as possible)
demonstrate them as hot gas fine particle filters in a
several hundred cu m/hr hot test. Initial screening indi-
cated that the most promising was a thin-walled, ce-
ramic, cross-flow monolith, originally produced as a
catalyst support for automotive exhaust systems.
Screening tests indicated the possibility of virtually
100% removal of even submicron limestone test dust
at face velocities and pressure drops not dissimilar
from those typical of fabric filtration. Later bench scale
tests at around 1000 K confirmed the material's ability
to perform well at high temperatures. Final testing, at a
larger facility where flows of 4.8 cu m/min at 950 K
were achieved, indicated that this ceramic configura-
tion offers great potential as a hot gas filter.
Keywords: "Fines, "Air filters, "Air pollution control,
Membranes, High temperature tests, Ceramics, Parti-
cles, Performance evaluation, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Cost analysis, Coal gasification, Elec-
tric power plants, Industrial wastes, Coal fired power
plants.
PB-274 525/5
Present Approaches to Toxlclty Testing
e. Journal
PC A02/MF A01
A Per-
spective. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
D. I. Mount. 1977, 1 1 p EPA/600/ J-77/053
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation,
ASTMSTP-634p5-141977.
Interest in aquatic toxicity tests is increasing as more
emphasis is placed on control of highly toxic pollut-
ants. While this interest offers an opportunity to in-
crease the use of aquatic toxicity tests, there is a re-
sponsibility to recognize their limitations. Aquatic toxi-
cology may well be developed into a recognized pro-
fessional field along with medicine, pharmacology and
others.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Toxicity, Bioassay,
Tests, Water pollution, Toxicology, Reprints, Water
pollution effects(Animals), Bioaccumulatlon, Environ-
mental persistence.
PB-274 526/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1972,1974, and
1975 Modal Year Light-Duty Vehicles In Washing-
ton, D.C. Final rept.,
General Environments Corp., Springfield, Va.
Aaron R. Martin, Robert D. Specht, and Leslie Anstey.
Apr 76,182p EPA/460/3-76/002
Contract EPA-68-03-2185
One hundred privately owned light-duty vehicles from
the Metropolitan Washington, D.C. area were tested
for exhaust emission levels of total hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen,
light hydrocarbons, and aliphatic aldehydes according
to the 1975 Federal Test Procedure. 1975 model year
vehicles were tested for highway fuel economy and
modal emissions. The test results were used to com-
pute emission factors based on the 1975 Federal Test
Procedure.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, District of Columbia,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Aldehydes, Virginia, Maryland, Metro-
politan areas, Fuel economy, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, "Light duty
vehicles, "Air pollution sampling, Emission factors.
PB-274 527/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Improvements to Single-Source Model. Volume 3.
Further Analysis of Modeling Results. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Michael f. Mills. Aug 77,159p GCA-TR-76-6-G(3),
EPA/450/3-77/003C
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-271 922.
This report documents an evaluation of the model per-
formance stratified by six stability classes, three wind
speed classes, and three mixing height classes. The
model accuracy is found to be dependent on stability
class. For stabilities A and B, the model shows some
tendency to overestimate concentrations, especially
near the plant. For stabilities D, E, and F, the model
greatly underestimates concentrations at all but the
most distant sampler. For stability C, the model tends
to agree with the measurements. Higher wind speeds
result in a trend toward overestimates at the Muskin-
Olant, and a trend toward underestimates at the
plant. For the Canal plant, there does not
appear to be a definite pattern between the accuracy
of the model estimates and mixing height. However, at
the Muskingum plant, large underestimates occur for
the lowest mixing height class. This implies that the
model Is treating the plume as penetrating the top of
the mixed layer (with resulting concentration estimates
of zero) more frequently than actually happens.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Sulfur dioxide, "Air
pollution, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Perform-
ance evaluation, Electric power plants, Graphic meth-
ods, Monitoring, Trends, Atmospheric diffusion, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Wind velocity,
"Fossil fuel power plants, "Air pollution sampling,
Single source models, Point sources.
PB-274 530/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measurement of Rate Constants of Importance In
Smog. Final rept. Apr 73-Jul 77,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
John R. Barker, Sidney W. Benson, G. David
Mendenhall, and David M. Golden. Oct 77,145p EPA/
600/3-77/110
Grant EPA-R-802288
To provide understanding of elementary reactions of
importance in smog, a three-part investigation has
been carried out: (1) experimental determinations of
certain elementary reaction rate constants, (2) devel-
opment of general techniques for estimating elemen-
tary reaction rate constants, and (3) estimation of
many reactions important In smog. Specific estimated
rate constants included the following reactions: (1) De-
composition of alkoxy radicals; (2) Isomerization of
alkoxy radicals; (3) Reactions of alkoxy radicals with
oxygen; and, (4) The reaction HO2 + NO2 yields
HO2N02. In addition, a limited number of computer
simulations were carried out for the photo-oxidation of
n-butane and propene.
Keywords: "Smog, "Reaction kinetics, "Photochemi-
cal reactions, "Air pollution, Ozone, Hydrocarbons,
Isomerization, Decomposition, Butane, Propene, Com-
puterized simulation, Test chambers, Pyrolysis, Organ-
ic nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrogen dioxide, Peroxy organic
compounds, Atmospheric chemistry, Nitric acid/
(propyl-ester), Nitrite/butyl, Nitrite/methyl, Peroxide/
dimethyl Peroxide/methyl.
PB-274 531/3 PC A16/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Photochemical Oxldant Air Pollution Effects on a
Mixed Conlfsr Forest Forest Ecosystem - a Prog-
ress Report. Final contract rept. Jul 76-Jun 77,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Paul R. Miller, Michael J. Elderman, Ronald N. Kickert,
O. Clifton Taylor, and Rodney J. Arkley. Sep 77,366p
EPA/600/3-77/104
Contracts EPA-68-03-0273, EPA-68-03-2442
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley.
Since 1972, twelve scientists representing several re-
search disciplines have collaborated in integrated
studies to determine the chronic effects of photoche-
mical oxidant air pollutants on a western mixed conifer
forest ecosystem. An enormous amount of data has
been collected, describing present and past natural
conditions of twelve subsystems comprising the coni-
fer forest ecosystems of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains of Southern California. A computer data bank is
being developed to allow efficient storage and retrieval
of these numerous data sets. The systems simulation
modeling process has begun early in 1975. The basic
December 1983 269
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
unit for modeling purposes was defined as the forest
stand, which may be comprised of from 10 to 200 trees
with equivalent land areas of from 100 to 25,000 sq m.
Time resolution varies according to the subsystem in
question and may be hourly, daily, biweekly, monthly,
seasonal, annual, or multi-annual. The subsystems re-
ceiving attention at the stand level are defined as: tree
population dynamics, oxidant flux canopy response,
stand-tree growth, stand moisture dynamics and mi-
croclimate, stand mortality responses related to bark
beetles and root disease, tree seedling establishment,
cone and seed production, litter production, litter de-
composition, and small mammal population dynamics.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Softwoods, *Trees(Plants), Air
pollution, Information systems, Oxidants,
Plants(Botany), Soil analysis, Vegetation,
Concentration(Composition), Trends, Ozone, Climate,
Mammals, Plant growth, California, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), 'Ecosystems, Bark beetles, San Ber-
nardino National Forest, Air pollution effects(Animals),
"Photochemical oxidants.
PB-274 541/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Advanced Fossil Fuel and the Environment: An
Executive Report,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
Phyllis Dorset, Dave Myers, Tom Parker, and Richard
Laska. Jun 77,30p* EPA/600/9-77/013
Contract EPA-68-01 -2940
This executive-level report gives an overview of some
of the more advanced fossil fuel technologies, includ-
ing several Chemical Coal Cleaning and Liquid Fuels
Cleaning methods. Synthetic fuels, Chemically Active
Fluid Beds, and Oil Shale are also considered as viable
advanced processes and control technologies. The
overview includes a discussion of these processes,
state-of-the-art, and environmental impacts which are
being, or have been, investigated. (Color illustrations
reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Fossil fuels, 'Reviews, 'Pollution control,
'Environmental surveys, Coal preparation, Oil shale,
Desulfurization, Environmental impacts, Chemical
cleaning, Fluidized bed processors, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Chemically active fluidized bed
process, Liquid fuels, Synthetic fuels, 'Pollution abate-
ment.
PB-274 544/6 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility: Advanced Pro-
gram. Progress rept. no. 3, Feb-Nov 76,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
Harlan N. Head. Sep 77,708p EPA/600/7-77/105
Contract EPA-68-02-1814
See also Progress rept. no. 1, PB-245 279.
The report gives results of advanced testing from Feb-
ruary through November 1976 of 30,000 acfm (10 MW
equivalent) lime/limestone wet scrubbers for SO2 and
paniculate removal at TVA's Shawnee Power Station.
Short-term factorial tests (6-8 hours each) with lime,
limestone, and limestone/MgO were conducted on
both systems to determine SO2 removal as a function
of operating parameters. Longer tests (averaging 190
hours each) were conducted on the venturi/spray
tower with lime and lime/MgO, both with and without
fly ash in the flue gas. On the TCA, longer tests (aver-
aging 180 hours each) were conducted with lime-
stone/MgO, lime, and lime/MgO on flue gas contain-
ing fly ash. Adding MgO improved SO2 removal but, in
some cases, created a scaling problem. On the ven-
turi/spray tower, paniculate mass loading, size distri-
bution, and sulfuric acid mist were measured as a func-
tion of operating conditions. Mathematical models
fitted to the Shawnee data are presented for predicting
SO2 removal as a function of operating parameters. A
simplified procedure is presented for calculating
gypsum saturation from analytical data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Particles, Electric power plants,
Calcium oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts. Mathematical models, Performance evaluation,
Magnesium oxides, Sulfuric acid, Particle size distribu-
tion, Limestone scrubbing, Wet methods. Mist elimina-
tors.
PB-274 547/9 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Vehicle Exhaust Emission Instruments Evaluation.
Final rept,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Steve N. Schlingmann. Jul 77, 361 p* EPA/460/3-77/
014
Contract EPA-P8-03-2353
Government agencies have become involved in vehi-
cle maintenance through the initiation of periodic vehi-
cle emission inspection requirements carried out at
State or local levels. The key element in all vehicle
engine maintenance, inspection and emission detec-
tion is the exhaust emission analyzer. Exhaust emis-
sion analyzers are presently available in many different
designs, covering a broad price range and offering var-
ious capabilities and features. The objective of this
study was to survey the market and identify all exhaust
emission analyzer manufacturers, whose product
could be used in vehicle inspection/maintenance (I/M)
programs. Consequently, a representative group of in-
struments was selected and a series of tests were
conducted to evaluate instrument pertormance. Major
findings of this program: (1) A significant number of
HC/CO I/M emission analyzers are presently availa-
ble. (2) The vast majority of HC/CO instruments use an
infrared absorption operating principle. (3) The hydro-
carbon response characteristics of the HC/CO instru-
ments generally showed greatest sensitivity to isobuty-
lene, followed by toluene, methane, and ethylene. The
units demonstrate essentially no sensitivity to acety-
lene and benzene.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, *Gas detectors, In-
spection, Maintenance, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Nitrogen
oxides, Tables(Data), Design criteria, Motor vehicles,
'Air pollution detection, Motor vehicle inspection,
Motor vehicle maintenance.
PB-274 548/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Environmental Pathways of Selected Chemicals In
Freshwater Systems. Part I: Background and Ex-
perimental Procedures. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-30 Apr
77,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
John H. Smith, W. R. Mabey, N. Bohonos, B. R. Holt,
and S. S. Lee. Oct 77, 95p EPA/600/7-77/113
Contract EPA-68-03-2227
This research was initiated to develop environmental
exposure assessment procedures that can be used to
predict the pathways of potentially harmful chemicals
in freshwater environments. The approach is based on
three premises: (1) the overall rate of disappearance
of a chemical from the aquatic environment is con-
trolled only by the dominant transformation and trans-
port processes, (2) these processes can be studied in-
dependently in the laboratory, and (3) the laboratory
data can be extrapolated to environmental conditions.
Laboratory procedures have been developed for
measuring the rates of volatilization, photolysis, oxida-
tion, hydrolysis, and biotransformation as well as the
sorption partition coefficients on natural sediments
and on a mixture of four bacteria. Two models have
been used to extrapolate the laboratory results to the
environment. The one-compartment model assumes
that the aquatic system Is a single well-mixed reactor
from which chemicals are transformed, degraded,
and/or transported. It can be used to analyze acute
discharges such as spills and to establish priorities for
in-depth laboratory studies. The nine-compartment
computer model is used to study the effect of transport
and transformation processes studied in the laboratory
on the distribution of a chemical in ponds, streams,
and eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes. Part II of this
report describes the application of these procedures to
environmental assessment to the distribution and fate
of eleven organic compounds.
Keywords: 'Fresh water, 'Chemical compounds,
'Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Sediments, Math-
ematical models, Physical properties, Sorption, Organ-
ic compounds, Free radicals, Oxidation, Desorption,
Photochemistry, Hydrolysis, Biodeterioration, Volatility,
'Path of pollutants, 'Water pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB-274 552/9 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of the Ames Solid Waste Recovery
System. Part I. Summary of Environmental Emis-
sions: Equipment, Facilities, and Economic Evalu-
ations. Interim rept. 5 Feb 76-4 Feb 77,
Ames, Iowa.
J. C. Even, S. K. Adams, P. Gheresus, D. E. Fiscus,
and C. A. Homine. Nov 77, 216p EPA/600/2-77/205
Grant EPA-R-803903910
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo. and Ames
Lab., Iowa.
This report describes the following: Characterization of
the refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced; Equipment
and plant performance evaluations; An analysis of
plant maintenance and manpower requirements; An
analysis of plant operating costs. Also included is a
brief summary of the boiler environmental emissions
and boiler performance when mixtures of coal and
RDF are burned. During the year the plant processed
37,136 Mg of municipal solid waste. Average as re-
ceived heating value of the RDF produced was 13,050
kJ/kg at 23.0% moisture and 17.4% ash. The net cost
of operating the refuse processing plant after credits
were given for the RDF, recovered metals and dump
fees was $18.90/Mg of municipal solid waste re-
ceived. The economic model of the plant showed that
a volume increase is the most attractive method of re-
ducing the net cost.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fuels, 'Materials
recovery, 'Air pollution, Reclamation, Economic analy-
sis, Sampling, Boilers, Flue gases, Metal scrap,
Design, Shredding, Separation, Gas analysis, Trucks,
Manpower, Storage, Refuse disposal, Conveyers,
Electric power consumption, Operating costs, Capital-
ized costs, Iowa, 'Refuse derived fuels, Waste recy-
cling, Waste processing, Air pollution sampling,
Ames(lowa), Particulates.
PB-274 553/7 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Investigation of Diesel-Powered Vehicle Emis-
sions. Part VII. Final rept. Jun 74-Nov 76,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer. Feb 77,407p SwRI-AR-1166, EPA/
460/3-76/034
Contract EPA-68-03-2116
See also Part 3 dated Oct 69, PB-207 851.
Five light duty diesel vehicles and five heavy duty
diesel engines were tested over various test cycles for
both regulated and unregulated emissions. A Mer-
cedes 220 D, Mercedes 240 D, Mercedes 300 D, Peu-
geot 2040, and an International Harvester pick-up
truck with a Perkins 6-247 engine were the light duty
diesel vehicles tested. The heavy duty diesels included
a Detroit Diesel 6V-71 city bus engine with two injector
designs, a Cummins NTC-290 truck engine operated
with and without variable timing, and a Detroit Diesel
8V-71TA truck engine. Emissions measured included
HC, CO, NOx, CO2, smoke, aldehydes, exhaust odor,
benzo (a) pyrene, sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and particu-
late mass.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution control equipment, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Smoke,
Aldehydes, Odor, Benzo (a) pyrene, Inorganic sulfates,
Sulfur dioxide, Panicles, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Light
duty vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-274 554/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Investigation of Diesel-Powered Vehicle Emis-
sions. Part VIII. Removal of Exhaust Partlculate
from Mercedes 300D Diesel Car. Final rept. Jul 75-
Feb 77,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, Tex.
Karl J. Springer. Jun 77,270p SwRI-AR-1175, EPA/
460/3-77/007
Contract EPA-68-03-2116
See also Part 7 dated Feb 77, PB-274 553.
The objective of the project was to investigate the po-
tentialities of reducing the paniculate exhausted from
diesel-powered passenger cars by the use of available
270 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lead trap technology. The paniculate exhausted from
diesels is one ol several currently non-regulated emis-
sions that is of concern, especially if the anticipated
growth in diesel cars occurs. A system including front
and rear agglomerator devices, packed with alumina
coated steel wool, and an inertial separator, were
mounted in place of the usual front resonator and rear
muffler. When relatively new, the system was found to
be effective on particulates and also reduced exhaust
hydrocarbons, odor, smoke, benzo (a) pyrene, and sul-
fate. Acceleration performance suffered due to in-
creased backpressure from the system. The life of the
system is relatively short, less than 5000 km.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
'Diesel engines, "Exhaust emissions, "Traps, Hydro-
carbons, Odor, Smoke, Inorganic sulfates, Pyrenes,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Durability,
Test engines, Tables(Data), Light duty vehicles, Benzo
(a) pyrene.
PB-274 557/8 PC A10/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Sol-
vent Metal Cleaning,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
John C. Bellinger, and Jeffre/L. Shumaker. Nov 77,
201 p* EPA/450/2-77/022, OAQPS-1.2-079
This report provides the necessary guidance to control
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from
solvent metal cleaning operations. Emissions are char-
acterized and reasonably available control technology
(RACT) is defined for each of the three major catego-
ries of solvent metal cleaners: cold cleaners, open top
vapor degreasers, and conveyorized degreasers. In-
formation on the cost of control, environmental impact,
and enforcement issues is also included.
Keywords: *Ajr pollution control, "Organic solvents,
"Metal cleaning, "Water pollution control, "Solid
wastes, Degreasers, Cost analysis, Environmental im-
pacts, Law enforcement, Design criteria, Capitalized
costs, Covers, Adsorption, Incineration, Regulations,
Fugitive emissions.
PB-274 558/6 PC A02/MF A01
Spawning Success of the Black Grapple, 'Pomoxls
nigromaculatus', at Reduced Dissolved Oxygen
Concentration. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Richard E. Siefert, and Lawrence J. Herman. 1977, 7p
EPA/600/J-77/052
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v106 n4 p376-379 Jul 77.
Mature black crappies (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) were
exposed to constant dissolved oxygen (DO) concen-
trations near or at 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, or 6.5 mg/liter, and
near air saturation (control) to determine the effects of
reduced DO on spawning success. The fish spawned
successfully 39 times in laboratory tanks under a simu-
lated natural temperature and light regime at all DO
concentrations tested. Fish at 2.5 mg/liter DO started
and finished spawning at earlier dates than those at
'he higher oxygen concentrations; fish at saturation
started and finished spawning at later dates than those
at the reduced concentrations. The number of em-
bryos from a single spawning ranged from 14,600 to
155,300. Number of spawnings, viability of embryos,
hatching success, and survival through swlmup were
similar between control fish and those exposed to re-
duced oxygen concentrations.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Oxygen,
neproduction(Biology), "Mississippi River, Dissolved
gases, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Life
cycles, Bass, Minnows, Saturation, Temperature, Em-
bryos, Viability, Tables(Data), Survival, Wisconsin, Re-
prints, Pomoxis nlgromaculatus, Dissolved oxygen,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-274 5S9/4 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
emission Control Technology Div.
«wrt Test Correlation Analyses on 300 1875
Model Year Cars. Volume I. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
y- G. Hinton, and John C. Thacker. Oct 78,437p ATR-
77(7356)-1, EPA/460/3-76/0108
Contract EPA-68-01-0417
A series of statistical analyses was performed to deter-
mine the degree of 'correlation1 that exists between
two specific short tests (STs) and the Federal Emis-
sion Certification Test Procedure (FTP) for new vehi-
cles. This work was performed to determine if 'reason-
able correlation with certification test procedures'
exists; this is a condition precedent to the promulga-
tion of regulations that impose the in-use warranty pro-
visions of Sec. 207(b) of the Clean Air Act of 1970
upon the motor vehicle manufacturers. The basis for
the analyses was ST and FTP test data from three
100-vehicle fleets located in (a) Chicago, Illinois, (b)
Houston, Texas, and (c) Phoenix, Arizona. Each of the
vehicles in these fleets was tested by the FTP, the
Federal Short Cycle, and the Federal 3-Mode. Two dif-
ferent statistical analysis methods were used to
assess 'correlation'-a conventional correlation analy-
sis, and a contingency table analysis.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
"Automobile, Correlation techniques, Comparison,
Tests, Tables(Data), Texas, Illinois, Arizona,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, "Air pollution sampling,
Chicago(lllinois), Houston(Texas), Phoenix(Arizona),
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust system).
PB-274 560/2 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1965 through
1975 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles In Houston,
Chicago, and Phoenix,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, Colo.
Douglas R. Liljedahl, and Jerry L. Terry. Apr 76,639p
EPA/460/3-76/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2183
Emission tests were performed on a sample of light-
duty vehicles operating in the Chicago, Houston and
Phoenix metropolitan areas. All vehicles were tested in
the as-received condition by the current Federal Test
Procedure. The majority of vehicles were tested in
connection with the development of emission factors.
Many of these were also tested using the Surveillance
Driving Sequence and Steady State Procedures for
emission factors development. Fifteen vehicles were
additionally tested using these modal procedures to
establish emission factors for loaded vehicles and ve-
hicles towing trailers.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution,
Sources, Texas, Arizona, Illinois, Standards, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Metropoli-
tan areas, "Light duty vehicles, Phoenix(Arizona),
Chicagp(lllinois), Houston(Texas), "Air pollution sam-
pling, Emission factors.
PB-274 564/4 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1965 Through
1975 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles In St. Louis,
Missouri and Los Angeles, California. Final rept.,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Ollin Van Natta, and Richard D. McMillen. Apr 76,443p
EPA/460/3-76/003
Contract EPA-68-03-2184
A study of exhaust emissions from consumer-owned
light duty vehicles and light duty trucks was performed
in the Los Angeles, California and St. Louis, Missouri
areas to determine the emission characteristics of
1967 through 1975 vehicles. Olson Laboratories, Inc.,
performed exhaust emission tests on 127 vehicles In
Los Angeles, California and 510 vehicles in St. Louis,
Missouri. Light hydrocarbon and aldehyde meas-
urements were made on ten light duty trucks and thirty-
five light duty vehicles In California only. Additional
tests conducted included Highway Fuel Economy
Tests, keymode tests, special cold start tests with
average speeds higher and lower than the standard
1975 Federal Driving Cycle, and modal tests. Vehicles
were tested using the 1975 Federal Test Procedure.
This allowed the calculation and presentation of test
results by both the 1972 and 1975 Federal Test Proce-
dures. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution control,
Trucks, Hydrocarbons, Aldehydes, Vehicle inspection,
Maintenance, Performance evaluation, "Light duty ve-
hicles, Saint Louis(Mlssouri), Los AngelesfCalifornia),
"Air quality, Procedures, Emission factors.
PB-274 565/1 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Alternatives for Hazardous Waste Management In
the Inorganic Chemicals Industry. Final rept. Sep
76-Jan 77,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
E. F. Abrams, G. Contos, and M. Drabkin. 3 Jun 77,
303p*494,EPA/SW-149c
Contract EPA-68-01 -41 90
The overall objective of this study was to assess the al-
ternatives to land disposal for treatment and disposal
of potentially hazardous wastes generated by the inor-
ganic chemicals industry. The aim of this project was
to identify promising resource recovery and detoxifica-
tion oriented treatment techniques which are applica-
ble to these wastes. This study provides: (1) Informa-
tion on feasible alternatives to current inadequate dis-
posal methods; (2) Data needed by industry in its effort
to deal with increasing volumes of hazardous solid
waste; (3) Information on R&D needs for treatment
processes showing high potential for Improved waste
management. The technical effort was accomplished
in three main tasks: Information gathering, consulta-
tion and process selection; Information analysis, cost-
ing and reporting; Comparison studies.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, "Inorganic com-
pounds, Management planning, Nickel, Chromates,
Substitutes, Industrial waste treatment, Technology,
Roasting, Dissolution, Distillation, Electrolysis, Evapo-
ration, Filtration, pH, Precipitation(Chemistry), Neutral-
ization, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Earth fills, Comparison, Materials recovery,
Mercury(Metal), Asbestos, Lead(Metal), Sodium, Cal-
cium, Sludge treatment, Fluorine inorganic com-
pounds, Chlorine inorganic compounds, Aluminum, In-
organic sulfates, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Pigments,
Feasibility, "Land disposal, "Solid waste disposal, High
gradient magnetic separation.
PB-274 591/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons In the Northern Puget
Sound Area. A Pilot Design Study. Final rept. Jan-
Nov 76,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, Colo. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
William D. Macleod, Jr., Donald W. Brown, Rand G.
Jenkins, L. Scott Ramos, and Victor D. Henry. Sep 77,
64p NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-8, EPA/600/7-77/098
Prepared by NOAA National Analytical Facility, Seat-
tle, Wash.
Hydrocarbon baseline data are needed to assess the
potential impact of oil contamination from increased
tanker traffic in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Initial stud-
ies were directed to intertidal sediments, mussels and
snails from two physically similar areas: Port Angeles,
WA and Dungeness Bay, WA. Latest analytical tech-
niques of solvent/slurry extraction, silica gel chroma-
tography, and glass capillary gas chromatography
were adapted for analyzing large numbers of samples.
The methods apply to alkanes in the C14 - C32 range,
or to aromatics from substituted benzenes through
benzpyrenes. Individual hydrocarbons were deter-
mined within 20% standard error at the 10 ng/g level.
Lowest hydrocarbon levels were found at Dungeness
Bay, a relatively pristine area. The profile of the al-
kanes suggests that the Dungeness hydrocarbons
arise biogenically. Hydrocarbon levels were substan-
tially greater at Port Angeles harbor, especially adja-
cent to Peabody Creek. The even distribution of C14 -
C22 n-alkanes from creekside sediment is consistent
with know fuel oil seepage upstream. Above C22, the
n-alkane pattern appears more biogenic, although the
levels are high. Significant divergences between the
two areas were found in the phenanthrene fluoranth-
ene, and pyrene levels. Seventeen aromatic hydrocar-
bons are proposed for baseline monitoring.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Petroleum products,
"Water pollution, "Puget Sound, Samples, Chemical
analysis, Alkanes, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Sediments,
Water analysis, Extraction, Adsorption, Gas chroma-
tography, Sites, Washlngton(State), Dungeness Bay,
"Oil pollution, Gel chromatography, "Juan de Fuca
Strait, "Water pollution detection, Port
Angeles(Washington).
December 1983 271
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-274 593/3 PC A13/MF A01
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Minerals for the Construc-
tion Industry. Volume I. Mineral Mining and Proc-
essing Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Oct 75, 284p EPA/440/1-75/059
This document presents the findings of an extensive
study of selected minerals in the Minerals for the Con-
struction Industry segment of the mineral mining indus-
try for the purpose of developing effluent limitations
guidelines for existing point sources and standards of
performance and pretreatment standards for new
sources, to implement Sections 301,304,306 and 307
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amend-
ed (33 U.S.C. 1551, 1314, and 1316, 86 Stat. 816 et.
seq.) (the 'Act'). Based on the application of best prac-
ticable technology currently available, 6 of the 9 pro-
duction subcategories (comprising 15 minerals) under
study can be operated with no discharge of process
generated waste water pollutants to navigable waters.
With the best available technology economically
achievable, 8 of the 9 production subcategories can be
operated with no discharge of process generated
waste water pollutants to navigable waters. No dis-
charge of process generated waste water pollutants to
navigable waters is achievable as a new source per-
formance standard for all production subcategories
except mica, wet benefication process with ceramic
grade clay as by-product. Supporting data and ration-
ale for development of the proposed effluent limita-
tions guidelines and standards of performance are
contained in this report.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Construction materials, "Water
pollution control, "Beneficiation, Guidelines, Rocks,
Granite, Limestone, Sands, Gravel, Bitumens, Asbes-
tos, Wollastonite, Lightweight aggregates, Gypsum,
Process charting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Cost analysis, Energy conservation, Sources,
Point sources, SIC numbers.
PB-274 594/1 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Research and Development Program
Guide, Fiscal Year 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 77,78p EPA/600/9-77/035
See also rept. for 1977, PB-272 483.
The Program Guide provides the public with informa-
tion on the Office of Research and Development's cur-
rent extramural research program and serves as a
guide to Office of Research and Development's key
personnel. The publication is updated each fiscal year.
Keywords: "Environmental protection, "Research
management, Public health, Ecological succession,
Food chain, Energy conservation, Industrial waste
treatment, Waste management, Water supply, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Federal agencies, Path
of pollutants, Environmental management, Pollution
control, Research and development.
PB-274 599/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emission Formation In Heterogeneous Combus-
tion. Rept. for 10 Nov 76-9 Feb 77,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering.
G. L Borman, P. S. Myers, O. A. Uyehara, L. Evers
and M. Ingham. Feb 77,162p EPA/460/3-77/006
Grant EPA-R-803858-01 -1
Three research projects are reported under the grant.
The first is an investigation of a stratified-cnarge
engine concept in which spark ignited combustion in
an engine with a homogeneous rich charge is complet-
ed and then air is injected during the expansion stroke
giving a leaner overall fuel-air ratio. The study showed
substantial reduction of nitric oxides without increasing
other emissions. Combustion efficiency was not in-
creased and, because substantial work was needed to
supply the compressed air, the engine efficiency was
decreased. The second project is an investigation of
nitrogen oxides produced by burning of liquid normal
heptane from a fuel wetted porous cylinder in a cross
flow of air. Variation of free stream air velocity and cyl-
inder diameter showed the moles of nitric oxide per
mole of fuel burned to be a weak function of Reynolds
272 Vol. 83, No. 26
number. Soot produced by the flame and collected
downstream has been identified as giving off signifi-
cant amounts of nitric oxide indicating a carbon, nitric
oxide interaction in the flame envelope. The third
project consisted of a study of the part load operation
of the Newhall divided chamber engine previously de-
veloped at U.W., Madison, an emissions and fuel econ-
omy evaluation of this engine relative to other engines
and initiation of a study of the formation of hydrocar-
bons in a Texacc engine by utilization of an in-cylinder
sampling technique. Reasons for abandonment of the
divided chamber engine were its higher hydrocarbons
and lower fuel economy relative to other engines and
its sensitivity to knock.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, Combustion, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Automobile engines, Internal
combustion engines, Samplers,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Carbon monoxide, Measuring instruments, Heteroge-
neous reactions, Air fuel ratio, "Air pollution detection.
PB-274 649/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
Air Quality Monitoring In Little Rock, Arkansas.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Nov 77, 56p RAD-77-100-178-03, EPA/906/9-77/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2538
Ambient air quality data for the Little Rock, Arkansas
metropolitan area were collected and compiled for a
sixty-day period in 1977. The ambient concentrations
of ozone and oxides of nitrogen were collected on a
time-specific basis.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Ozone, Arkansas, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Monitoring,
Diurnal variations, Tables(Data), Quality assurance,
Laboratory equipment, Metropolitan areas, "Little
Rock(Arkansas), "Air quality data, "Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB-274 663/4 PC A07/MF A01
USA-USSR Working Group on the Prevention of
Water Pollution from Municipal and Industrial
Sources. Symposium on Physical-Mechanical
Treatment of Wastewaters Held at Cincinnati,
Ohio on April 5-6,1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Apr 77,148p*
See also report dated Nov 75, PB-260 591.
The fourth cooperative USA/USSR symposium on the
Physical-Mechanical methods of Waste Water Treat-
ment from Municipal and Industrial Sources was held
in Cincinnati, Ohio at the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency headquarters on April 5th and 6th, 1977.
The thirteen papers that were presented at the sympo-
sium (seven US and six USSR) are reprinted in English
in this volume in accord with the protocol signed by the
delegation leaders on April 16th, 1977.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Meetings, Waste
water, Municipalities, Industrial waste treatment, Water
pollution control, Pyrolysis, Crude oil, Refineries, Hy-
draulics, Combined sewers, Sedimentation tanks,
Paper industry, Strainers, Overflows, Metallurgy,
Mining, Chemical industry, United States, Petroleum
industry, USSR, Tertiary treatment, Physical chemical
treatment.
PB-274 672/5 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
State of Illinois Water Quality Management Pro-
gram. Summary. Final rept.
Argonne National Lab., III. Center for Environmental
Studies.
Dec 73, 47pllEQ-74-16
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1970 re-
quired the States to develop comprehensive water-
quality management plans. In 1971 the State of Illinois,
through the Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality,
initiated a major program to address these new plan-
ning requirements. As part of this effort, the Argonne
National Laboratory Center for Environmental Studies
was requested to develop and test a methodology for
preparing cost-effective regional and river-basin water-
quality management plans. Five planner-oriented com-
puter models were developed. Each of these repre-
sented a particular aspect of the overall problem of
water-quality management.
Keywords: "River basin development, "Water quality
management, "Regional planning, "Illinois, "Sewage
treatment, Mathematical models, Computerized simu-
lation, Cost effectiveness, Project planning, Social
effect, Economic impact, Land use, Hydrology, Water
quality, Conversion, Wastes, Maps, Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act of 1970.
PB-274 673/3 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Potential Sites for Coal Conversion Facilities In Il-
linois,
Environmental Technology Assessment, Inc., Oak-
brook, III.
B. M. Hoglund, and J. G. Asbury. 21 Oct 74,128p IIEQ-
74-60
This report defines the physical characteristics of sites
for coal gasification and liquefaction plants, identifies
relevant constraints for the sites and determines can-
didate areas within the State of Illinois where sites
could be located.
Keywords: "Coal gasification plants, "Coal liquefaction
plants, "Site surveys, "Illinois, "Energy source devel-
opment, Requirements, Planning, Environmental im-
pacts, Water resources, Coal reserves, Land use,
Waste disposal, Transportation, Manpower, Coal in-
dustry, Solid waste disposal.
PB-274 682/4 PC A11/MF A01
Illinois Data Catalog (Preliminary Print). Final rept.
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago
Jun 72,246p IIEQ-DB-1
Prepared by Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Center for Advanced Computation.
Environmental planners, the public, and all others with
a concern for the effect of man on his surroundings will
be able to learn what is known about Illinois, and will
be able to use that learning efficiently. The catalog has
four major sections: Human Resources, Land Re-
sources, Water Resources, and Air Resources. The
document includes what information is available and
the contact organization.
Keywords: "Environments, "Resources, "Data, "Illi-
nois, Catalogs(Publications), Demography, Health,
Education, Crimes, Sources, Income, Employment,
Communities, Public health, Medical services, Houses,
Economic factors, Census, Manufacturing, Agriculture,
Industries, Businesses, Transportation, Climatology,
Air quality, Water resources, Water quality, Land use,
Soils, Geology/Urban planning, Environmental quality,
Environment management, Correctional facilities.
PB-274 685/7 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Development of the 1975 Area Source Inventory
for the State of Illinois. Final rept.,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden Research Div.
Kenneth W. Wiltsee, Jr. Dec 76, 56p IIEQ-76-30
Prepared for Illinois State Environmental Protection
Agency, Springfield. See also report dated Mar 73, PB-
258 154.
Estimates of 1975 state stationary and mobile source
fuel use were obtained or projected from published
documents. County allocations were made. This pro-
cedure uses county population and employment by
SIC code to apportion state fuel use to the county
level. Estimates of activity in non-fuel use categories
such as solid waste disposal and fugitive emissions
were performed using EPA guidelines.
Keywords: "Illinois, *Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions,
"Combustion products, "Inventories, Sources, Indus-
trial wastes, Fuel consumption, State government,
Local government, Data acquisition, Incinerators,
Highways, Agriculture, Forests, Combustion, Wind ero-
sion, Marine transportation, Organic solvents, Gaso-
line, Diesel fuels, Railroads, Aircraft, SIC numbers, Re-
sidual fuels, Stationary sources, Point sources.
PB-274 686/5 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vermlllion County Solid Waste Management
System Analysis. Final rept.
Western (Roy P.), Inc., Wilmette, III.
Dec74,61pllEQ-74-45
Contents: General state solid waste planning program
for Illinois (The need for planning in Illinois, Solid waste
plan, The analytical process, Resource.recovery, Use
of this report, Future planning); Management alterna-
tives for Vermilion County (County information,
Present problem, Computational methods, Short-term
analysis, Long-term analysis).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, "Illinois, Materials recovery, Forecasting, Indus-
trier wastes, Demography, Metal scrap, Glass, Fuels,
Paper, Shredding, Sorting, Separation, Sanitary land-
fills, Collection, Cost estimates, Economic analysis,
Government policies, State government, Waste recy-
cling, Refuse derived fuels, Waste transfer stations,
Vermillion County(lllinois).
PB-274 687/3 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Analysis of Erosion and Sedimentation,
Seven Mile Creek Southwest Branch Watershed.
Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agricultur-
al Economics.
M. T. Lee, A. S. Narayanan, and E. R. Swanson. Dec
74,31 p 4, AERR-130, IIEQ-74-30
Report on Soil Loss .from Illinois Farms: Economic
Analysis of Productivity Loss and Sediment Damage.
See also PB-241 584.
Contents:
Net farm income above nonland costs, and soil loss
relationships;
Soil loss and off-site sediment damage
relationships;
Combining net farm income and cost of sediment
damage;
Economic incentives for soil conservation.
Keywords: *Soil erosion, 'Farms, Seven Mile Creek
watershed, Decision making, Local government,
Damage, State government, Soil properties, Income,
Losses, Watersheds, Agricultural economics, Terrac-
"ig, Farm crops, Cultivation, Soil conservation, Con-
tours, Topography, Economic analysis, Tables(Data),
Illinois.
PB-274 688/1 PC A04/MF A01
The Impact of the Sewer Connection Ban on Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand and Suspended Solids
at the North Snore Sanitary District,
" inois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Norman Drummond, and Raymond D. Letterman. Aug
j2,58pllEQ-72-4
Prepared by Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Dept. of
Environmental Engineering.
Illinois pollution control agencies have imposed bans
on new sewer connections in several parts of the
otate. The result has been the stimulation of local ef-
forts to plan, build, and overhaul badly overloaded
'acllities. Many of the bans imposed because of inad-
equate capacity have now been lifted, in whole or in
part, as a result of responsible and effective local
action. In a variety of settings, the strategy of sewer
connection bans has been challenged, the Institute
undertook this modest study to determine, In a general
way, whether sewer connection bans provide public
benefits. The conclusion to be drawn from this work is
that such bans are effective water pollution control
strategies.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Water pollution control, 'Regu-
lations, 'Illinois, Biochemical oxygen demand, Popula-
uon, Sites, Trends, Management planning, Housing
Planning, Community development,
(-oncentration(Compositlon), * Sewer connections.
JB-274 706/1 PC A06/MF A01
pummary Report of Industry Task Force on Regu-
lated Substances to Illinois Institute for Environ-
mental Quality. Final rept.
1 wois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Jun77, ll5pllEQ-77-14
"The Task Force was established by the Institute in Oc-
J°ber of 1975 to assist in making a regulation proposed
"V the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and
then pending (as PCS R 74-7) before the Pollution
Control Board ('Board'), workable, and in the future to
consider and make recommendations concerning ad-
dition or deletion of substances to the list of those reg-
ulated. The proposed regulation would be adopted
pursuant to the Illinois Environmental Protection Act.
In its present form (most recent revision dated April 29,
1977), it would require stationary sources to register
with the Agency certain listed substances deemed to
constitute possible toxic hazards, to develop emergen-
cy action plans to be submitted to, and approved by,
the Agency, and to maintain copies of the plans acces-
sible at the facility (as well as provide the local fire de-
partment with a copy). A copy of the April 29,1977 re-
vision of the proposed regulation, marked up to reflect
the Task Force recommendations, is attached as Ap-
pendix 1.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Hazardous materials, 'Illi-
nois, 'Environmental surveys, Toxicology, Law en-
forcement, Meetings, Inventories, Management plan-
ning, 'Toxic substances.
PB-274 710/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region
Air Quality Monitoring In Shreveport, Louisiana.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Nov 77, 57p RAD-77-100-178-04, EPA/906/9-77/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2538
Ambient air quality data for Shreveport, Louisiana were
collected and compiled for the period July 21 through
September 21, 1977. The ambient concentrations of
ozone and oxides of nitrogen were collected on a time-
specific basis.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Ozone, Louisiana, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Monitoring,
Diurnal variations, Tables(Data), Quality assurance,
*Shreveport(Louisiana), 'Air quality data, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB-274 725/1 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Sulfur Dioxide Control Process Study. Sodium
Scrubbing with Lime Regeneration,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Charles R, LaMantia. Jan 72,67p ADL-73724
Sponsored in part by Illinois Inst. for Environmental
Quality, Chicago.
A bench-scale laboratory investigation was conducted
of the regeneration step of the sodium scrubbing proc-
ess with lime regeneration. The objectives of the pro-
gram were to develop design data for the process, to
evaluate the process economics when applied to in-
dustrial-scale boiler installations, and to assess the po-
tential of the process to reduce or eliminate scaling.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control,
'Scrubbers, Combustion products, industrial wastes,
Boilers, Economics, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Calcium
oxides, Sodium, Experiments, Feasibility, Batch reac-
tors, Limestone scrubbing, Alkaline scrubbing.
PB-274 726/9 PC A03/MF A01
A Report on One of a Series of National Confer-
ences on the Conservation of Energy, Held at the
Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Illi-
nois, on October 11,1973. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Robert L. Vogl, and Sonia Vogl. Mar 74,30pTlEQ-74-6
Contents:
Problems Involved in the production of secondary
energy;
Energy conservation in building design and
management;
Efficiency and conservation of energy opportunities
in transportation;
Industrial energy conservation.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Meetings, En
sources, Buildings, Transportation, Industries, Re
dential sector, Transportation sector, Industrial sector.
PB-274 732/7 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemistry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
1973,45p-in 10 articles
Consists of PB-274 733 thru PB-274 742.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides.
PB-274 733/5
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
A Study of Intermolecular Complexes of Bis (p-
Chlorophenyl) Acetic Acid and Some Biologically
Significant Compounds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Ralph T. Ross, and Francis J. Biros. 1973,10p
Pub. in Mass Spectrometry and NMR Spectroscopy in
Pesticide Chemistry, n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The results of this investigation have shown that with
the use of high resolution NMR relaxation measure-
ment studies, some insight into the importance of mo-
lecular binding of p,p'-DDA with BSA and HSA may be
obtained. The binding phenomena may be interpreted
in terms of preferential stabilization of the aromatic
rings by binding sites on the BSA and HSA molecules.
This was demonstrated by the greater relaxation rates
found for the aromatic protons of the p,p'-DDA than
those of the alpha-methine proton. These relaxation
rates were quite pD dependent as would be expected
from a specific binding mechanism. The binding of
p,p'-DDA.BSA and p,p-DDA.HSA is hydrophobia in
nature since a direct relationship was found with ionic
strength and relaxation times. The relaxation rates of
both complexes increase with decrease in tempera-
ture.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Pesticides,
Nuclear magnetic resonance, Molecular relaxation,
Toxicity, DDT, Insecticides, Reprints, 'Acetic acid/
bis(chlorophenyl), Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic
resonance).
PB-274 734/3
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Synthesis of Radioactive Iodine 131 Analog of
DDT,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Jens A. Jensen, and George W. Pearce. 16 Aug. 51,1 p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society 74,
p24361952.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The iodine analog, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-lodo-
phenyl)-ethane, of DDT has been prepared. The
method of Lucas and Kennedy was used for the first
two steps. The synthesis can be completed in 2-3
days.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Synthesis(Chemistry), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Iodine organic compounds.
Insecticides, Isotopic labeling, Iodine 131, Reprints,
*Ethane/trichloro-bis(iodophenyl).
PB-274 735/0
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Synthesis of DDT Labeled with Carbon-14 In the
Tertiary Position,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
George W. Pearce, and Jens A. Jensen. 15 Dec 52,1 p
Pub. in Science, v118 n3054 p45-46,10 Jul 53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
A method has been developed for the synthesis of ra-
dioactive Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in
good yield in which the tertiary carbon is labeled.
Fields et al. have developed a satisfactory procedure
for Incorporating C(14) In the benzene ring. This proce-
dure presumably was employed in a previously report-
ed labeling of DDT with C(14). However, the complete
synthesis of DDT by this procedure would involve at
least seven major steps, with the consequent tend-
ency towards low over-all yields. In the authors' proce-
dure, only four major steps are necessary.
Keywords: 'Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Pesticides, 'DDT,
Chlorine organic compounds, Isotopic labeling,
Carbon 14, Insecticides, Reprints.
December 1983 273
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-274 736/8
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Tracer Studies-Insecticides, Preparation of
Carbon-14 Labeled DDT,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
George W. Pearce, and Jens A. Jensen. 25 Aug 53,3p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v1 n12 p776,
2 Sep 53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The synthesis of DDT labeled with carbon-14 in the
tertiary position was carried out in the following steps:
barium carbonate to ethyl acetate to ethyl alcohol to
chloral to DDT. Starting with 50 millimoles of barium
carbonate containing 20 millicuries of activity, 15
grams of crude DDT were obtained (42% yield based
on ethyl alcohol). Two crystallizations from ethyl alco-
hol yielded 6.11 grams of p,p'-DDT (17% yield) having
a melting point of 107-107.5 degrees C. The specific
activity was approximately 0.5 millicurie per gram.
Keywords: *Synthesis(Chemistry), *DDT, 'Pesticides,
Insecticides, Isotopic labeling, Carbon 14, Insecti-
cides, Reprints.
PB-274 737/6
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Synthesis of Radioactive Parathlon Using S35,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Jens A. Jensen, and George W. Pearce. 1 Feb 52,1p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society 74,
p31841952.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The insecticidal compound parathion, 0,O-dlethyl-0-
p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate has been prepared and
radioactlvely labeled with S(35).
Keywords: 'Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Pesticides, Insec-
ticides, Nftro compounds, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Isotopic labeling, Sulfur isotopes, Reprints,
'Phosphorothioic acid/0-O(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitro-
phenyl-ester), "Parathion.
PB-274 738/4
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Chlorine Exchange between Aluminum Chloride
and Qamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
George W. Pearce, and Sonya Krause. 23 Jul 56,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v79
p271-273,20Jan57.
Included in the Report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides labeled with
chlorine-36 would be very helpful in studies of the fate
and toxicology of this class of compounds in resistant
strains of arthropods as well as in higher animals. The
use of exchange reactions appeared to offer a simpler
way of preparing CI-36 labeled compounds than their
complete synthesis. In addition, study of exchange re-
actions can provide knowledge of the structural nature
of compounds in relation to their properties in general.
Using lindane, the gamma-isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hex-
achlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCC), as a chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticide of importance chlorine ex-
change reactions between it and AICI3 labeled with CI-
36 have been attempted.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Exchange reactions, Toxicology, Isotopic labeling, In-
secticides, Chlorine 36, Aluminum halides, Reprints,
Cyclohexane/hexachloro.
PB-274 739/2
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
On the Chemistry of the Isomerlc Dichlorodlphen-
ylacetaldehydes Related to DDT. Stereoelectronte
Effects In the Hydrolysis of their Cyclic Acetals,
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, N.C.
J. D. McKinney, R. E. Hawk, E. L. Boozer, and J. E.
Suggs. 7 Jul 70,11p
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Chemistry, v49 n23 1971. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Chamblee Toxicology Lab.;
National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontar-
io).
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The chemistry of the isomeric dichlprodiphenylacetal-
dehydes related to DDT was investigated to aid in de-
lineating their possible role in the metabolism of this
pesticide. In the case of the p,p'-isomer, the most im-
portant system under consideration, several literature
syntheses were shown to be incorrect. The failure of at
least one of these methods was attributed to the pre-
ferred oxidative involvement of the benzhydryl carbon
via rearrangement of a beta-hydroxy enol ether which
normally led to t! e isolation of the p.p'-dichlorobenzo-
phenone insteac of the desired aldehyde. The o,p'-
isomer exhibited chemistry similar to that of the p,p'-
isomer although the steric effect of the ortho-substitut-
ed chlorine on the benzhydryl proton was notable. The
o,o'-isomer was normal in that it did not undergo reac-
tions involving the benzhydryl carbon. Some possible
mechanistic and biological implications of the work are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Synthesis(Chemistry), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Hydrolysis, Chemical reac-
tions, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Acetaldehyde/dichloro-
diphenyl.
PB-274 740/0
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Synthesis and Reactions of a Proposed DDT Me-
tabolite, 2,2-bls(p-Chlorophenyl]acetaldehyde.
Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta
Toxicology Branch.
J. D. McKinney, E. L. Boozer, H. P. Hopkins, and J. E.
Suggs. 2 May 69,2p
Pub. in Experientia, v25 p897-1008 1969. Summary in
German.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
Studies of the metabolism of DDT led to the prepara-
tion of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetaldehyde (I) in order
to investigate the possibility of its intermedlacy in DDT
metabolism. Results of attempts to reproduce a report-
ed synthesis of I have shown that both this report and
an even earlier report of a different synthetic approach
are incorrect. It was observed in this laboratory that I
undergoes oxidative deformylation under mild oxidiz-
ing conditions to form the benzophenone (II). In com-
parison, the o,o'-isomer was quite stable under the
same conditions. These results are of theoretical inter-
est and may have biological significance.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Synthesis(Chemistry), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Metabolism, Chemical reac-
tions, Reprints, 'Acetaldehyde/dichloro-diphenyl.
PB-274 741/8
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Synthesis of Carbon-14-Labeled Aldrin and Dlel-
drln,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Roger M. McKinney, and George W. Pearce. 1 Aug 60,
4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v8 n6 p456
Nov/Dec1960.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
The insecticides 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-
1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-endo-exo-5,8-
dimethanonaphthalene (aldrin) and 1,2,3,4,10,10-hex-
achloro-6,7-epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-l,4-
endo-exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (dieldrin) were
prepared labeled with carbon-14. They were synthe-
sized by labeling hexachlorocyclopentadiene and sub-
sequent reaction with 2,5-norbornadiene.
Keywords: *Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Pesticides,
'Aldrin, 'Dieldrin, Insecticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Isotopic labeling, Carbon 14, Reprints, *Di-
methanonaphthalenes.
PB-274 742/6
(Order as PB-274 732, MF A01)
Molecular Complexes of 1,1,1-Trlchloro-2,2-Bls (p-
Chlorophenyl) Ethane with Aromatic Donors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Ralph T. Ross, and Francis J. Biros. 13 Apr 70,9p
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, V39n4p723-731 1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemistry, PB-274 732.
A series of complexes between DDT acting as an elec-
tron acceptor and certain aromatic electron donors, in-
cluding benzene, toluene, durene, mesitylene, penta-
methylbenzene, and hexamethylbenzene, have been
determined in solution using nuclear magnetic reso-
nance spectroscopy. Variations in the proton chemical
shifts between complexed and uncomplexed acceptor
molecules are found to change relative to one another
in the presence of excess donor. The sensitivity to
small changes in the electrical environment of the
magnetic nucleus of the acceptor molecule in the pres-
ence of donor compounds and the study of appropri-
ate nuclear magnetic resonance parameters affords
useful information concerning these complexes. Equi-
librium constants for Pi-complex formation in CHCI3
and CCI4 have been determined by the Benesi-Hilde-
brand method or a modification of it.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Aromatic compounds, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
DDT, Insecticides, Toxiclty.
PB-274 757/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Dlv.
Guidelines for Preparing and Reviewing Feasibil-
ity Studies.
Index Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Apr 77,149D
Contract EPA-68-01-3836
This report presents guidelines for preparing and re-
viewing the first of the four phases of an ADP (Auto-
matic Data Processing) project, the feasibility study.
The report Is divided Into three chapters associated
with the production and review of ADP feasibility stud-
ies, as follows: Chapter I discusses the purpose of a
feasibility study, the organization of the feasibility study
report, and the procedures to be followed In perform-
ing a feasibility study; Chapter II presents the nine
major tasks in performing the study; and Chapter III
presents guidelines and checklists for reviewing and
evaluating a feasibility study.
Keywords: 'Data processing, 'Feasibility, 'Project
planning, Systems analysis, Cost analysis, Economic
analysis.
PB-274 787/1 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Southwestern Illinois Region Solid Waste Man-
agement System Analysis. Final rept.,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., Wilmette, III.
Apr 74,113pllEQ-74-56
Contents: General state solid waste planning program
for Illinois; Management alternatives for southwestern
Illinois region; Appendix A - Southwestern Illinois
Region (Geological information, Population Projec-
tions, Employment projections, Total solid waste quan-
tities); Appendix B - Cost Functions and Planning Fac-
tors; (Method for calculating municipal and industrial
collection rates. Industrial waste generation factors,
Haul cost factor with assumptions, Cost functions -
sanitary landfill, Basic landfill cost assumptions, for 50,
100,250, 500,1000,2000, and 5000 Tons/Week Cost
functions - intermediate processing, Equations for fa-
cility cost functions, Resource recovery facility descrip-
tion, Resource recovery capital and annual cost).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Illinois, Demography, Geology, Forecasting,
Composltion(Property), Tables(Data), Materials recov-
ery, Metal scrap, Paper, Glass, Fuels, Heat recovery,
Cost analysis, Hauling, Sanitary landfills, Transporta-
tion, Government policies, State government, 'Waste
recycling, Waste transfer stations.
PB-274 840/8 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Rock Island Region Solid Waste Management
System Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy K), Inc., Wilmette, III.
Jul 74,65p IIEQ-74-47
This report analyzes the present and future municipal
and industrial waste composition for the Rock Island
region. Wastes are studied for classification and re-
source recovery. Projections of population, employ-
ment and waste loads were calculated. A summary of
geological information for the Rock Island Region indi-
cates the general soil and groundwater conditions and
the possible effect of these conditions on sanitary
landfill locations. Short-term planning solutions include
274 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
those alternatives that could be expected to be oper-
ational within 2 to 3 years of acceptance. Ideally, short-
term alternatives should lead to long-term solutions.
Keywords: * Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
'Illinois, Management planning. Industrial wastes, Ma-
terials recovery, Demography, Systems analysis, Geol-
ogy, Sanitary landfills, Collection, Hauling, Economic
analysis, Cost estimates, Forecasting, Regulations,
Government policies, State government, Local gov-
ernment, Rock Island(lllinois), Computer aided analy-
sis.
PB-274 841/6 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Identification, Isolation and Characterization of
the Infectious Hepatitis (Hepatitis A) Agent. Final
rept. 1 Dec 74-30 Jun 77,
Electro-Nucleonics Labs., Inc., Bethesda, Md.
William T. Hall. Oct 77, 50p EPA/600/1-77/049
Grant EPA-R-804003
The research program has the overall objective of
combining the techniques of electron microscopy, ul-
tracentrifugation, column chromatography, tissue cul-
ture and serology to identify, Isolate and characterize
the etiologic agent of infectious hepatitis, to propagate
it in cell cultures and to develop in vitro immunodiag-
nostic assays capable of detecting the presence of the
hepatitis A virus and its antibody both in the patient
and the environment. Through the program, it was pos-
sible morphologically and serologlcaliy to relate this
agent to those isolated from other geographically sep-
arated hepatitis A epidemics. Employing^ hepatitis A
antigen detected by radioimmunoassay (HI A) screen-
ing and isolated from stool specimens collected from
Patients with both clinical and subclinical hepatitis, a
radioimmunoassay and an immune adherence he-
magglutlnation assay were developed for the detection
of antibody to hepatitis A. Using these assays, the pro-
tective effect of circulating anti-HA against reinfection
and the prophylactic effect of commercial immune
serum globulin (ISC) containing antl-HA were estab-
lished. A survey of a commercial plasma donor popula-
oon showed that approximately 37% of the tested
Conors had anti-HA with the frequency varying directly
wth age. All attempts to propagate the hepatitis A
™us in tissue culture have been unsuccessful.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Infectious hepatitis virus, Viral
("•eases, Infectious hepatitis, Serology, Hemagglutin-
anon, Antibodies, Antigens, Electron microscopy, Ul-
}™centrifuglna Tissue culture, Assaying, Identifying,
isolation, Patients, Immunity, Prophylaxis, Laboratory
animals, Experimental data, Tables(Data), Blood
donors, Epidemiology, 'Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis A
antigen, Radioimmunoassay, Immunoglobulins.
PC A16/MF A01
inaustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
S/KJle Park. N.C.
J£wonm»ntal Assessment Data Base for Low/
•••fflum-BTU Ossification Technology: Volume II.
"PpsndlcM A-F. Final task rept. Aug 76-Jun 77,
"adian Corp., Austin, Tex.
5i^- Cavanaugh, W. E. Corbett, and G. C. Page. Nov
77, 367p' EPA/600/7-77/125b
Contract EPA-68-02-21 47
°«e also Volume 1 , PB-274 844.
"^report represents the current data base for the en-
flr.« ntal assessment of low- and medium-Btu gasl-
Jjanon technology. Purpose of the report is to deter-
""»>• processes that can be used to produce low/
mn2im~Btu 9** from coal, uses of the product gas,
,?JSmedla discharge streams generated by the proc-
guT88' and the technology required to control the dls-
" streams. Attention is on the processes that
.
to have the greatest likelihood of near-term
. his type of scr
basis tor establishing oriorltes for subse-
. This type of screening provides the
operations: coal pretreatment, gaslflca-
Purification. Each operation Is divided
arS2"2Se modules, each having a defined function
str«.»nul!able ra« materials, products, and discharge
"" wlume Includes appendices that con-
process, environmental, and control tech-
for the processes considered to have the
potential for near-term commercialization.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Coal gasification, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal.
PB-274 844/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for Low/
Medlum-BTU Gasification Technology: Volume I.
Technical Discussion. Final task rept. Aug 76-Jun
77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
E. C. Cavanaugh, W. E. Corbett, and G. C. Page. Nov
77,171p' EPA/600/7-77/125a
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also Volume 2, PB-274 843.
The report represents the current data base for the en-
vironmental assessment of low- and medium-Btu gasi-
fication technology. Purpose of the report is to deter-
mine: processes that can be used to produce low/
medium-Btu gas from coal, uses of the product gas,
multimedia discharge streams generated by the proc-
esses, and the technology required to control the dis-
charge streams. Attention is on the processes that
appear to have the greatest likelihood of near-term
commercialization. This type of screening provides the
preliminary basis for establishing priorities for subse-
quent phases of the low/medium-Btu gasification envi-
ronmental assessment program. Processes required
to produce low/medium-Btu gas from coal are divided
into discrete operations: coal pretreatment, gasifica-
tion, and gas purification. Each operation is divided
into discrete modules, each having a defined function
and identifiable raw materials, products, and discharge
streams. This volume includes a discussion of the
status, significant trends, major process operations,
multimedia discharge stream control strategies, and
recommendations for future program activities.
Keywords: "Assessments, "Coal gasification, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Technology, Trends, Forecasting, Coal prep-
aration, Particles, water pollution control, Solid waste
disposal, Sulfur, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Per-
formance evaluation, Air pollution control, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB-274 846/5 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues In Animals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
1969,22p
Consists of PB-274 847 thru PB-274 850.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Animals, 'Residues, 'Pesticides.
PB-274 847/3
(Order as PB-274 846, MF A01)
Dleldrln and DDT: Effects on Sparrow Hawk Egg-
shells and Reproduction,
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Laurel, Md. Pa-
tuxent Wildlife Research Center.
Richard D. Porter, and Stanley N. Wiemeyer. 15 Apr
69,2p
Pub. in Science, v165 p199-200,11 Jul 69.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Animals, PB-274 846.
Patterns of reproductive failure in declining popula-
tions of several European and North American raptor-
ial species were duplicated experimentally with captive
American sparrow hawks Falco sparverius that were
given a diet containing two commonly used organoch-
lorine Insecticides. Major effects on reproductlorvwere
Increased egg disappearance, Increased egg destruc-
tion by parent birds, and reduced eggshell thickness.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Reproduction(Blology), 'Insecti-
cides, 'Residues, Dieldrln, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, DDT, Chlorohydrocarbons, Halohydrocar-
bons, Diets, Animal ecology, Eggs, Mortality, Thick-
ness, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Falco sparverius, 'Pes-
ticide residues, Bloaccumulation.
PB-274 848/1
(Order as PB-274 846, MF A01)
DDT Residues In Starlings, 1974,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Paul R. Nickerson, and Kyle R. Barbehenn. 1975,1p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n1 p1 Jun 75.
Prepared in cooperation with Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, D. C. Div. of Technical Assistance.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Animals, PB-274 846.
In the preceding issue of this journal, the authors sug-
gested that the mean level of DDT plus metabolites in
starlings should drop below 0.1 ppm for the 1974 col-
lection. They based their prediction on an analysis of
the relationship between mean levels of DDT and its
metabolites in starlings and estimates of domestic dis-
appearance of DDT. The present brief summarizes ini-
tial findings from the 1974 starling collection. Authors
indicate that their earlier estimates for disappearance
of total DDT were optimistic: the geometric mean for
1974 was 0.282, a 36 percent reduction from the 1972
mean of 0.442.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Residues, *DDT,
Concentration(Composition), Estimates, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Reduction, Sampling, Arkansas, Ar-
izona, Reprints, 'Sturnus vulgaris, Pesticide residues,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-274 849/9
(Order as PB-274 846, MF A01)
Organochlorlne Residues In Starlings, 1972,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Paul R. Nickerson, and Kyle R. Barbehenn. 1975,8p
Pub. In Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v8 n4 p247-254 Mar
75. Prepared in cooperation with Fish and Wildlife
Service, Washington, D.C. Div. of Technical Assist-
ance.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Animals, PB-274 846.
During the fall of 1972 starlings were collected from
130 sites in conjunction with the National Pesticide
Monitoring Program. They were analyzed for DDT and
its metabolites, dieldrin, heptachlor eposide, benzene
hexachloride polychlorinated biphenyls and, for the
first time in the series, oxychlordane and HCB. Mean
DDT and dieldrin residue levels have declined signifi-
cantly since 1967 and a regression analysis suggests
that levels of DDT and its metabolites should fall below
a mean of 0.1 ppm for the 1974 starling collection.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Residues, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Insecticides, Concentration(Composition),
DDT, Dleldrln, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Epoxy
compounds, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Biphenyls,
Chlordan, By products, States(United States), Sam-
pling, Tables(Data), 'Pesticide residues, Reprints, In-
denes, Methanoindenes, Methanoindene/heptach-
loro-tetrhydro, Benzene/hexachloro, Biphenyl/chloro,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Chlordane/oxy, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB-274 860/7
(Order as PB-274 846, MF A01)
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Baseline Concentrations of Polychlorlnsted Bi-
phenyls and DDT In Lake Michigan Fish, 1971,
National Water Quality Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Oilman D. Velth. 1975,9p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n1 Jun 75. Spon-
sored In part by Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues In Animals, PB-274 846.
Responding to the recommendations of the Lake Ml-
chlgn Interstate Pesticide Committee, the author
aimed to establish baseline data on polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCB's) and DDT In Lake Michigan fish In
1971. Thirteen species of fish taken from 14 regions of
Lake Michigan In the fall of 1971 were analyzed for
PCB's and DDT analogs. Mean wet-weight concentra-
tions of PCB's similar to Aroclor 1254 ranged from 2.7
ppm In rainbow smelt to 15 ppm In lake trout. Most
trout and salmon longer than 12 inches contained
PCB's at concentrations greater than the tolerance
level of 5 ppm established by the Food and Drug Ad-
December 1983 275
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ministration, U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, "Residues, *DDT,
*Lake Michigan, Biphenyls, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Trout, Flat-
fishes, Weight(Mass/volume), Chlorohydrocarbons,
Halohydrocarbons, Salmon, toxic tolerances, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/
chloro, 'Baseline studies, Bioaccumulation.
PB-274 859/8 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Digital Computer Control of Advanced Waste
Treatment Systems. Final rept. Dec 72-Dec 74,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington.
Robert Yarrington, Walter W. Schuk, Dolloff F. Bishop,
James E. Bowers, and Elliot D. Fine. Nov 77,52p*
EPA/600/2-77/211
Contract EPA-68-01-p162
Prepared in cooperation with IBM Corp., Gaithersburg,
Md.
The objectives of the study were to develop and dem-
onstrate automatic control strategies using a digital
computer on advanced wastewater treatment sys-
tems. Two basic pilot treatment systems were auto-
mated, physical-chemical treatment and the three-
stage activated sludge system. The digital automation
involved control of lime feeding, pH control with CO2,
FeCIS, sludge wasting, and breakpoint chlorination in
the physical-chemical system. In the biological system,
the automation involved FeCI3 dosage and D.6. con-
trol in aeration, pH control in nitrification and CH30H
and alum dosage controls in devitrification. The digital
control approaches satisfactorily operated the pilot
plants.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Automatic con-
trol, 'Activated sludge treatment, Process control,
Pilot plants, Digital computers, pH, Aeration, Nitrifica-
tion, Process control, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
Concentration(Composition).
PB-274 860/6 PC A02/MF A01
Survey of River Basin Planning Techniques. Final
rept,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Frank Kudrna, Carl Kueltzo, and Paul Thomas. Oct 74,
21pllEQ-74-48
During the Year 1973-1974, the Illinois Institute of
Technology conducted a study for the Illinois Institute
for Environmental Quality to determine what adminis-
trative procedures and planning tools were being used
by various state agencies to implement the areawide
waste treatment management and river basin planning
aspects of the 1973 Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments (P.L. 92-500).
Keywords: 'River basin development, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Water pollution abatement, "State govern-
ment, Management, Regional planning, Surveys, Leg-
islation, States(United States), Mathematical models,
Tables(Data), River basins, Performance evaluation,
Reservoirs, Questionnaires, Illinois, Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act Amendments of 1973.
PB-274 861/4 PC A06/MF A01
Control Strategy Preparation Manual for Partteu-
late Matter. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Sep 77,125p* EPA/450/2-77/023, OAQPS-1.2-049
This manual has been prepared to assist EPA, State
and local agencies in the task of developing control
strategies for paniculate matter (PM). The manual in-
cludes a general discussion of the technical aspects of
control strategy development under 40 CFR 51. The
emphasis in the manual is on a brief review of pertinent
facts supplemented by references to generally availa-
ble technical documents. Subjects addressed include:
Attainment of NAAQS; Procedures for review and de-
velopment of a PM control strategy, and Ques'ion and
answer sections discussing particulato emission
sources and types, measurement methods, data and
funds utilization, modeling, control technology, and
control strategy issues. The manual also contains a
glossary and subject oriented bibliography.
Keywords: "Particles, "Guidelines, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Manuals, State government, Local government,
Standards, Sources, Chemical composition, Monitor-
ing, Particle size, Concentration(Composition), Trends,
Sampling, Management, planning, Mathematical
models, Technology, Roads, Fugitive emissions, Emis-
sion factors, Stationary sources, Air quality.
PB-274 864/8 PC A03/MF A01
Variations In Tire Rolling Resistance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson, and Myriam Torres. Oct 77,35p
LDTP-77-5
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The paper analyzes the tire rolling resistance data ob-
tained in a recent EPA road load project. Variations in
the observed tire rolling resistances were analyzed
versus tire type, tire manufacturer, and tire size. The
fuel economy effect of a change in tire types; that is,
from bias to radial tires, has been previously reported
and is briefly discussed. From these results it is con-
cluded that a 10 percent change in rolling resistance
will yield approximately a 2 percent change in the vehi-
cle fuel economy. At the present time, reduction of fuel
consumption through optimization of tires cannot be
expected to occur since there is no uniform method of
rating and reporting tire energy dissipation. The devel-
opment of a consistent, uniform method of rating and
reporting tire energy dissipation over cyclic driving
schedules, such as the EPA test schedule, is recom-
mended.
Keywords: "Automobile tires, Friction, Skid resistance,
Fuel consumption, Wear resistance, Loads(Forces),
Road tests, "tire rolling resistance, Fuel economy.
PB-274 865/5 PC A03/MF A01
Shift Schedules for Emissions and Fuel Economy
Testing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard A. Rykowski. Nov 77,32p LDTP-77-6
Report on Technichal Support for Regulatory Action.
The purpose of this report is to examine the current
method of determining the shift schedules used during
certification and determine if this method is resulting in
shift schedules which are representative of those used
by typical drivers. The history of the method of deter-
mining shift schedules for the certification process is
first examined. Then the current trends of shift sched-
ules found in vehicle owner's manuals are determined,
since these are the sources of the shift schedules
used during certification. Next, the methods of deter-
mining shift schedules of other automobile testing or-
ganizations are examined, as well as how people are
taught to shift in driver's education schools. Finally,
data are presented comparing on-the-road shift
speeds to those recommended by the manufacturers.
Conclusions and recommendations on alternative
methods of determining certification shift schedules
are presented.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution, Trends, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Tests, Fuel consumption, Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Shift schedules.
PB-274 874/7 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Wastewater Characterization and Process Reli-
ability for Potable Wastewater Reclamation. Final
rept. 1974-75,
Dallas Water Utilities Dept., Tex.
Albert C. Petrasek, Jr. Nov 77,126p EPA/600/2-77/
210
Grant EPA-R-803292
Prepared by Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
This research effort was Initiated to quantify water
quality criteria of importance in evaluating the perform-
ance of a wastewater treatment facility producing a
product water potentially available for potable reuse.
Additionally, the reliability of individual unit processes
was evaluated and the effects of process Instability on
product water-quality were investigated. The se-
quence of unit processes used in the study to treat mu-
nicipal wastewater consisted of screening, degritting,
primary clarification, biological treatment with com-
pletely-mixed activated sludge, high-pH lime coagula-
tion, single-stage recarbonation with liquid carbon
dioxide, gravity filtration, and two-stage activated
carbon adsorption. Flows through the pilot plant
ranged from 9.6 liters per second (152 gpm) for the ac-
tivated sludge influent to 1.1 liters per second (18 gpm)
for the product water. Twenty-four-hour composite
samples were collected daily for routing analyses;
weekly composite samples were used for metals de-
terminations. The final product water complied with the
quality criteria of the National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations in all respects. Significant process
instabilities had little effect on product water quality
due to the redundant nature of the treatment system
employed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water reclamation,
"Sewage treatment, "Water treatment, Trinity River
Basin, Texas, Process charting, Performance evalua-
tion, Nutrients, Design criteria, Activated sludge. Acti-
vated carbon, Filtration, Regulations, Metals, Water
pollution control, Organic compounds, Solids, Phos-
phorus, Nitrogen, "Water quality, "Waste water reuse,
Dallas(Texas).
PB-274 875/4 PC A08/MF A01
Cost of Landspreadlng and Hauling Sludge from
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Case
Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
R. Kent Anderson, Bruce R. Weddle, Ted Hillmer, and
Al Geswein. Oct 77,157p* EPA/530/SW-619
This report presents an analysis of the cost of dispos-
ing of municipal wastewater treatment sludge on land
by existing operations. It is based on an on-site survey
of 24 communities with small to medium-sized plants,
i.e., all with throughputs of less than 100 million gallons
per day (MGD). The analysis differs from other studies
in that much of the available literature has been devel-
oped for large communities with sizable quantities of
sludge. For these communities, landspreading costs
are considerably higher than for smaller communities
due to longer haul distance, increased capital require-
ments, and higher labor rates. The 24 city survey was
thus designedto provide reliable cost information for
small communities interested in landspreading
wastewater treatment sludge on land. However, it
should be noted that the cost of new operations may
be somewhat higher due to increased cost of equip-
ment.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Hauling, 'Cost analysis, Dewaterlng, Site surveys,
Slurries, Vacuum filtration, Soil properties, Fertilization,
Transportation, Agricultural economics, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Solid waste disposal, "Land
disposal, Liquid waste disposal.
PB-274 876/2 PC A16/MF A01
Self-Monitoring Procedures: Basic Parameters for
Municipal Effluents. Student Reference Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Charles R. Feldmann. Nov 77,375p EPA/430/1-77/
003
Supersedes PB-243 417.
This laboratory manual is designed for use by the treat-
ment plant operator or technician who is required to
perform analyses on wastewater effluents under a Na-
tional Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit, and who has had little or no previous
experience In this area. Parameters included are: Five-
day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen
(Winkler and Meter), pH, Fecal Coliform (Most Prob-
able Number and Membrane Filter), Bacteriological
Sampling, Geometric Mean, Open Channel Plow
Measurement (Parshall Flume and Sharp Crested
Weir), Amperometric Chlorine Determination (in Watef
and in Wastewater), Filtrlmetric Chlorine Determina-
tion (in wastewater), Suspended Solids, Settleable
Solids, and Data Reporting. It Is written in a step-by-
step format.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water analysis, Chemical anal-
ysis, Water pollution, Sampling, Monitoring,
Concentratlon(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Bacteria, Chlorine, Solids, Filtration, pH, Coil-
form bacteria, Dissolved gases, Laboratory equipment
276 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oxygen, "Water pollution detection, Laboratory man-
uals, Hydrogen Ions, Procedures, National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System, Reference materials.
PB-274 877/0 PC A12/MF A01
Eflluent Monitoring Procedure*: Basic Parameters
for Municipal Effluents,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Charles Feldmann. Nov 77, 272p EPA/430/1-77/008
Supersedes Rept. no. EPA/430/1-74-011, PB-263
579.
This manual is designed lor use by instructors who will
have to teach others how to perform National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) analyses. It is
to be used In conjunction with the student reference
manual bearing the same title PB-274 876. It includes
topics related to the presentation of training courses in
which the analyses would be taught. These topics in-
clude: examples of course announcements, course
agenda, and course certificates; consideration of train-
mg staff, training facilities, course records, and regis-
tration procedures. Also included are Instructional
Package Worksheets (lesson plans) giving details rela-
tive to presenting instruction regarding each of the
analyses coveredin the associated student reference
manual.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water analysis, 'Education,
Personnel development, Instructors, Chemical analy-
sis, Management planning, Monitoring, Water pollu-
tion, Sampling, Specialized training, Laboratory equip-
ment, Coliform bacteria, pH, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Bacteria, Chlorine, Solids, Filtration, Proce-
dures, Water pollution detection, National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System.
fB-274 881/2 PC A07/MF A01
information About Hazardous Waste Management
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
"nice of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Donald Farb, and S. Daniel Ward. Jul 75, 149p* EPA/
530/SW-145
This document contains information on 64 hazardous
management facilities known to EPA as of
August 1974. The information is presented in the form
oj a standard resume for each facility. The information
was obtained through both telephone interviews with
Knowledgeable representatives of firms operating haz-
ardous waste management facilities, and facility site
visits^ The register is not all inclusive and the compre-
nensiveness of the information on each facility varies
{{"Pending on the method of information acqulstlon
""at was used. A continuing effort using the same infor-
yatton acquisition techniques is being made by the
technology Assessment Staff of the Hazardous
«aste Management Division, not only to improve the
comprehensiveness of the Information In the facility re-
sumes, but also to expand the register to include other
An?8!^0"8 waste management facilities. Reissuance is
anticipated approximately on an annual basis.
•ii ~~: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dlspos-
•w ,Mana9ement planning, 'Air pollution control,
inn Pollution control, 'Radioactive contaminants,
industrial wastes, Guidelines, Materials handling,
g^rnrnable materials, Environmental surveys, Explo-
sta Cnemlcal industry, 'Liquid wastes, Toxic sub-
£8-274 «82/0 PC A05/MF A01
Comparison of Dynamometer Power Absorption
Characteristics and Vehicle Road Load Meas-
"'•ments,
c,0v'r°nmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
§ andards Development and Support Branch.
UDTP 7 TnomPson'and Myriam Torres. Jul 77,96p
"eport on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
The
report presents vehicle road load force versus
80^ .-r-~" K'^WHO veniuitt rottu iuau lurue vernuB
rr™a curves and Clayton dynamometer force versus
•™wi curves. The vehicle road load force data were
hie a ln the recent road load project, where the ve-
minLoad loadl as a 'unction of speed, was deter-
mew ior aixty-'hree light-duty vehicles. The dynamo-
•wer data were obtained from the six EPA certlfica-
aJ? 'Dynamometers. This data is first used to generate
mnrS. I0n to rePresent an average emission dyna-
'"rneter. The variations of the individual dynamo-
meters about this average dynamometer curve are dis-
cussed. Subsequently, each vehicle curve is com-
pared to this average dynamometer curve. Variations
between different vehicles are discussed, and the pos-
sible intrinsic error caused by differences between the
shape of the dynamometer force versus speed curve
and the typical vehicle road load curve Is Investigated.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Loads(Forces), Roads,
Dynamometers, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consump-
tion, Torque, Friction, Acceleration.
PB-274 897/8 PC A10/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (2nd) Held at New Orleans, Lou-
isiana on Auguat 29-September 1,1977. Volume V.
Addendum,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Jul 77,216p
EPA/600/7-77/073B
See also Volume 4, PB-274 029. •
Contents: Effects of fuel and atomlzatlon on NOx con-
trol for heavy liquid fuel-fired package boilers, NOx
control techiques for package boilers - Comparison of
burner design, fuel modification and combustion modi-
fication; Design and scale-up of low emission burners
for industrial and utility boilers; Statistical consider-
ations Important In analyzing measured changes in
water-wall tube thickness; Federal regulations; Exist-
ing stationary combustion source air pollution regula-
tions; Emission characteristics of small stationary
dlesel engines; Evaluation of combustor design con-
cepts for advanced energy conversion systems; Fluld-
Ized bed combustion; Coal-oil mixture combustion
technology; Advanced combined cycles; Advanced
combustion systems for stationary gas turbines.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion, 'Meet-
Ings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Boilers,
Nitrogen oxides, Burners, Design criteria, Gas tur-
bines, Fluldlzed bed processors, Tubes, Regulations,
Sources, Diesel engines, Exhaust emissions, Energy
conservation, 'Stationary sources, Combined cycles.
PB-274 902/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Effect of Preconditioning on In-Use Vehicle Test-
Ing and Failure Analysis of Evaporative Emission
Control Systems,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Richard R. Carlson. Aug 77,70p EPA/460/3-77/013
Contract EPA-68-03-2412
Evaporative (SHED) and exhaust emission tests were
performed on 20 latemodel catalyst-equipped vehicles
to investigate the effect of three preconditioning pro-
cedures consisting of: (1) no preconditioning, (2) 1975
FTP driving schedule, and (3) 10-minute road route. A
failure analysis was also performed on several vehi-
cles which were found to either have high evaporative
emissions or evaporative emissions which were higher
than similarly equipped vehicles.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Failure analysis,
'Exhaust emissions, Evaporation, Sampling, Tests,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Compositlon), Quality as-
surance, Catalytic converters(Exhaust systems), 'Air
pollution sampling, Fugitive emissions.
PB-280 930
see price codes for individual reports
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971-76,open series
The periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its Abstract
Number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follow: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Apects; Standards
and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social Aspects;
and General and Miscellaneous, All abstracts are
listed under one of the above subject fields. A subject
and author index are included. This Issue contains ab-
stracts 2286 - 3564. Other individual documents are
also available:
APABCA-1 -9-1970. Vol. 1, No. 9.1970,352p, PC
A16, MF A01 PB-274 903/4
APABCA-1-3-1970. Vol. 1, No. 3. 1970, 391p, PC
A17, MFA01 PB-274 904/2
APABCA-1 -6-1970. Vol. 1, No. 6.1970,165, PC
A08.MFA01 PB-274 905/9
APABCA-1-8-1970. Vol. 1, No. 8.1970,145p, PC
A07, MFA01 PB-274 906/7
APABCA-5-7-1974. Vol. 5, No. 7. Jul 74,233p, PC
A11.MFA01 PB-274 907/5
APABCA-5-10-1974. Vol. 5, No. 10. Oct 74,220p,
PCA10, MFA01 PB-274 908/3
APABCA-5-12-1974. Vol. 5, No. 12. Dec 74,146p,
PCA07, MFA01 PB-274 909/1
APABCA-6-1-1975. Vol. 6, No. 1. Jan 75,146p, PC
A07.MFA01 PB-274 910/9
APABCA-7-6d-1976. Vol. 7, No. 6d. Jun 76, 289p,
PCA13, MFA01 PB-274911/7
PB-274 922/4 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Fabric Filtration Studies: 5. Bag Cleaning
Technology (High Temperature Tests). Final task
rept. Jun 74-Jan 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
B. E. Daniel, R. P. Donovan, and J. H. Turner. Nov 77,
44p EPA/600/7-77/095b
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-271 966.
The report gives results of a laboratory study to deter-
mine the Influence of high temperature operation (op-
eration In an air flow whose temperature has been ad-
justed to the maximum continuous operating tempera-
ture recommended by the manufacturer) on the selec-
tion of fabric filter shake-cleaning parameters. Two
cotton and two Dacron bags were operated In a labo-
ratory baghouse, using heated air passed through
cement dust as the source of dirty air. The bags
cleaned at high 'g' forces (about 5 g s) showed more
deterioration in strength properties than those cleaned
at 1.9 g's. The observations generally confirm the
Dennis/wilder analysis of mechanical cleaning and
suggest that temperature is not a first order variable in
the analysis of mechanical shake-cleaning. The curso-
ry tests conducted here do not conclusively rule out
temperature as an important parameter; they merely
report that, in this limited investigation, it was not.
Keywords: *Alr filters, 'Air pollution control, "High tem-
perature tests, Cleaning, Cotton fabrics, Polyester
fibers, Tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
'Fabric filters, 'Baghouses.
PB-274 947/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
First Trials of Chemically Active Fluldlzed-Bed
(CAFB) Pilot Plant on Coal. Final rept. Jul-Aug 76,
Esso Research Centre, Abingdon (England).
D. Lyon. Mar 77,52p EPA/600/7-77/027
Contract EPA-68-02-2159
The report gives results of a minirun, carried out on a
0.75-MWe continuous, chemically active fluidized-bed
(CAFB) pilot plant during July-August 1976, as part of a
program to extend the CAFB process to operate on
coal. After 8.5 hours of gasification on Texas lignite
and Illinois No. 6 coal, no major barriers were identi-
fied. The quality of the gas produced was similar to,
and the desulfurlzlng efficiency on coal appeared to
match or exceed, that for oil. The target of 88% lignite
utilization was approached in the minirun under condi-
tions which were far from optimum. Because of the
need for more air to gasify coal, a CAFB unit dimen-
sioned for fuel oil will probably have an energy capac-
ity 30% lower when on coal. Satisfactory regeneration
while gasifying on lignite was demonstrated, but con-
trol of regenerator temperature was more difficult. A
new fines return system worked well, but did little to
reduce the fly-ash level In the boiler during coal gasifi-
cation. Operation of the pilot plant on an intermittent,
as opposed to round-the-clock, basis was successfully
demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, Pilot plants, Boilers,
Process charting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Desulfurlzation, Texas, Air pollution, Lignite, Eft!-
December 1983 277
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ciency, Forecasting, "Chemically Active Fluid Bed, "Air
pollution abatement, CAFB process, Low sulfur fuels.
PB-274 965/3 PC A16/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Carbon Monoxide.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Sep 77,354p* EPA/600/1-77/034
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
This document summarizes the carbon monoxide lit-
erature related to effects on man and his environment
for the consideration of the Environmental Protection
Agency in updating the information in the Air Quality
Criteria for Carbon Monoxide. It emphasizes recent
major advances in our knowledge of carbon monoxide:
chemical reactions in air; biologic effects on man;
problems in monitoring urban concentrations and re-
lating such data to the exposure of populations; data
concerning the identification of susceptible popula-
tions; and evidence implicating carbon monoxide as a
causal factor of disease.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Air pollution, Public
health, Toxicity, Monitoring, Sources, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Chemical reactions,
Plants(Botany), Concentration(Composition), "Air
quality, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
etfects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-275 000/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Preliminary Evaluation of Sulfur Variability In Low-
Sulfur Coals from Selected Mines. Contract rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
A. Carl Nelson. Nov 77,157p EPA/450/3-77/044
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
Data on the variability of sulfur content and heating
value of coal have been obtained from several coal
and utility companies. These data have been analyzed
to estimate the mean, standard deviation, and the fre-
quency distribution of weight percent sulfur (dry basis)
and the impact of this variability on the required aver-
age sulfur content to comply with an emission regula-
tion. In order to assess the implications of sulfur vari-
ability for compliance with emission regulations, such
as those specified by State Implementation Plans(SIP)
and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), the
relative standard deviation (RSD) of weight percent
sulfur was estimated as a function of the amount of
coal sampled and the number of composite samples
for the specified averaging period. These RSD's were
used to estimate the required average sulfur content to
yield 95 and 99 percent compliance with the emission
limitation of 1.2 Ib S02/MM Btu. The detailed compu-
tations are given for two sizes of power plants, 500
MW and 25 MW (250 MM Btu/hour, the smallest plant
covered by the NSPS). As the percent of compliance
increases the required average sulfur content de-
creases and rapidly approaches sulfur levels for which
the availability of uncleaned coal to comply with the
NSPS would approach zero.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, *Coal,
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, Statistical
analysis, Data analysis, Variability, Coal mines,
Tables(Data), Mean, Standard deviation, Frequency
distribution, Air pollution, 'Low sulfur coal, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB-275 001/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Relation of Oxldant Level* to Precursor Emis-
sions and Meteorological Features. Volume I.
Analysis and Finding*. Final rapt.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
F. L. Ludwig, E. Reiter, E. Shelar, and W. B. Johnson.
Oct 77,166p EPA/450/3-77/0228
Contract EPA-68-02-2084
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins.
Published ozonesonde data, radioactive fallout meas-
urements, and alpine ozone observation' have been
used to estimate the stratospheric contribution to ob-
served ozone concentrations at ground level. Long
term average effects from the stratosphere over the
U.S. are on the order of 10 ppb, with a springtime maxi-
mum around 20 to 25 ppb. Short term stratospheric in-
trusion events resulting in one-hour-average concen-
trations of stratospheric ozone in excess of 80 ppb in
the lower troposphere have a frequency of only about
0.2 percent. Still fewer (but some) of these events lead
to ground-level impacts of such a magnitude. Trope-
spheric causes of high ozone concentrations away
from cities have been investigated by statistical analy-
sis if meteorological conditions and the precursor
emissions occurring along air trajectories and by com-
parisons of weather maps and large-scale 03 distribu-
tions. At sites well removed from cities, the upwind
emissions of oxides of nitrogen are more strongly re-
lated to ozone concentrations than are the emissions
of hydrocarbons. Widespread violations of the federal
oxidant standard are most likely to be found in associ-
ation with a stagnant high-pressure system or in the
warm southwesterly flow in the western portion of a
high pressure area, often ahead of an approaching
cold front. The results of this and other studies suggest
that not all violations'of the federal oxidant standard
are controllable and this fact must be considered in the
design of control strategies. Also, for areas within
about 125 km of large cities, control might be achieved
through the reduction of HC emissions. In more remote
areas, control strategies involving NOx control
throughout large regions must be considered.
Keywords: "Ozone, *Air pollution, Stratosphere,
Concentration(Composition), Troposphere, Statistical
analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Oxidizers,
Atmospheric diffusion, Sources, Forecasting, Emission
factors.
PB-275 003/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Sulfate Testing of Four Vehicles,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Robert J. Herling. Oct 76, 34p EPA/460/3-76/023
Contract EPA-68-03-0452
As part of the Environmental Protection Agency's pro-
gram to characterize paniculate emissions and quanti-
fy sulfuric acid emissions from catalyst and noncata-
lyst vehicles, 75 vehicles were to be tested in a base-
line study. These vehicles included production vehi-
cles, preproduction prototypes and advanced engine
concepts. As part of this baseline study, Olson Labora-
tories, Inc., has tested four vehicles. The procedures
used to condition and test these vehicles are detailed
in this report, and the results are presented.
Keywords: "Sulfates, "Sulfuric acid, "Particles, "Air
pollution control, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Monitoring, Tables(Data), Sampling, Tests,
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution sampling,
Procedures, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-275 004/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Review of EPA Contract No. 68-03-0497 on Sulfate
Emission Control Technology,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
William H. Hedley, H. H. S. Yu, and A. Wojtowicz. Sep
76,36p MRC-DA-598, EPA/460/3-76/020
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
The Monsanto Research Corporation reviewed the
work performed by Exxon Research and Engineering
under Environmental Protection Agency Contract No.
68-03-0497 and advised EPA on technical matters re-
lated to that contract. Based on this review of control
technology for sulfuric acid emissions, the most prom-
ising way to control such emissions is to employ low
exhaust oxygen levels. This control technique should
be investigated further.
Keywords: "Sulfates, "Reviews, "Air pollution control,
"Sulfuric acid, Technology, Exhaust emissions, Feasi-
bility, Concentration(Composition), Motor vehicles,
Automobiles, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-275 005/7 PC A99/MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Nov 77,716p" EPA/340/1-77/024
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-272 311.
This report is the fifth in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents of this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not intended to rep-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those
facilities of interest to the States or the Agency for fur-
ther investigation. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Industrial wastes,
"Combustion products, Tables(Data), Regions, Facili-
ties, Sources, Standards, States(United States), "Sta-
tionary sources, "Standards compliance, Standard
federal regions, SIC numbers.
PB-275 040/4 PC A03/MF A01
An Investigation of Broadcast Radiation Intensi-
ties at Mt. Wilson, California. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Div.
Richard A. Tell, and Patrick J. O'Brien. Apr 77,31p
ORP/EAD-77/2
The report describes a series of measurements made
to determine radio frequency exposure from television
and FM broadcast stations located on Mt. Wilson to
areas near the tower bases and within about 2,000
feet. Portable broadband survey instruments and a
spectrum analyzer with dipole antennas were em-
ployed in these measurements and used in a compari-
son of indicated radiation levels and assess difficulties
or peculiarities of the specific types of equipment.
Maximum ground level exposure values were in the 1-
7 mW/sq cm range. Intensities of about 0.1 mW/sq m
were measured inside the Mt. Wilson Post Office
which is located in the immediate vicinity of a large
number of towers. It was found that wide ranges in ex-
posure could occur over very small geographic areas
revealing the potential for significant uncertainties in
predictive modeling.
Keywords: "Radio field strength, "Radiation hazards,
Measurement, Radio stations, Television stations,
California, Irradiation, Intensity, Very high frequencies,
Ultrahigh frequencies, Mount Wilson, Los
Angeles(California).
PB-275 053/7 PC A04/MF A01
Guidelines for the Regional Evaluation of State
and Local NSR (New Source Review) Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Daniel J. deRoeck. Nov 77,52p EPA/450/2-77/027,
OAQPS-1.2-084
This report provides the necessary guidance for the
evaluation of State and local agencies conducting new
source review (NSR) programs. In addition to defining
a minimum level of adequate program responsibility,
the guideline identifies problems which may be
common to a number of agencies. Essential NSR pro-
gram considerations are described in terms of regula-
tory requirements and agency operating procedures.
Also described is the EPA regional responsibility for
auditing State-issued permits for completeness and
enforceability. Regions are also expected to document
evaluation findings and to prepare a report containing
recommended solutions to those difficulties identified
Negotiations with each agency should produce a com-
mitment to undertake steps necessary for program im-
provement.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Air pollution abatement,
"State governments, "Local governments, Audits,
Sources, Standards, Public administration, Stationary
sources, Procedures, "Air quality, New source review
programs.
PB-275 054/5 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment
Techniques for Industrial Wastes. Volume I. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
278 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Joan B. Berkowitz. 1977,483p* ADL-C-78950-F, EPA/
SW-148C.1
Contract EPA-68-01 -3554
There is a strong need for treatment processes which
can detoxify, destroy, or apply resource recovery prin-
ciples to industrial wastes. This study examined 47 unit
engineering processes for their applicability to the task
of treating hazardous industrial wastes. Some of these
unit processes are commonly used for industrial waste
treatment while others require further R&D efforts
before they will become commercially attractive. Four
(dialysis, efectrophoresis, freeze drying and zone refin-
ing) were found not to be applicable to waste treat-
ment. Part Two of this report presents comprehensive
descriptions of each of the unit processes, including in-
formation on the basic principles, areas of application,
economics, energy and environmental considerations,
and an outlook for future use on industrial wastes.
Thus, Part Two is in essence an up-to-date reference
textbook on potential treatment processes.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Reviews, 'Water pollution control, Materi-
als recovery, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Energy
consumption, Separation, Adsorption, Activated
sludge, Activated carbon, Anaerobic processes, En-
zymes, Catalysis, Centifuging, Calcination, Dissolving,
Dialysis,' Chlorine, Distillation, Electrodialysis, Elec-
trolysis, Electrophoresis, Biological industrial waste
treatment, Trickling filters.
PB-275 060/2 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Hydrocarbons from Tank Truck Gaso-
line Loading Terminals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
William Polglase, Winton Kelly, and John Pratapas.
Oct 77,63p EPA-450/2-77/026, OAQPS-1.2-082
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic sources (VOC) of hydrocarbons from tank truck
gasoline loading operations. This guidance Includes an
emission limit which represents reasonable available
control technology (RACT), an analytical technique for
determining the emissions from control equipment,
and cost analysis for evaluating cost effectiveness of
tank truck gasoline loading terminal controls.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution control,
'Gasoline, Regulations, Loading procedures, Equip-
ment, Cost analysis, Sources, Tank trucks, Cost analy-
sis, Monitoring, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
'Fugitive emissions.
PB-275 067/7 PC A03/MF A01
Aircraft Emission Factors. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Robert G. Pace. Mar 77,29p' AC-77-03
In order to perform useful air quality analysis it is nec-
essary to have the most accurate emission factor data
available. This report provides updated aircraft engine
emission factors and a sample of the calculation meth-
odology used in obtaining these numbers. Modal emis-
sion factors have been calculated for a number of gas
turbine and piston aircraft engines. Emission factors
Per aircraft per landing take-off cycle have been calcu-
lated for representative aircraft- engine combinations.
This group includes commercial jet transports, busi-
ness jets, turboprops and general aviation piston air-
craft.
Keywords: 'Aircraft, 'Air pollution, Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Emission
'actors,'Air quality.
PB-275 077/6
PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Early Warning Studies of Specific
Chemicals During Fy 75 and Fy 76. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jul 76,1.1 p EPA/560/8-76/002
This report summarizes the early warning screening
activities for specific chemicals which were Initiated
owing FY 75 and FY 76 by the Early Warning Branch,
Office of Toxic Substances, EPA. these substances
were identified and selected for preliminary In-house
study to determine the need for a more in-depth exami-
nation of real or potential hazards associated with
them.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Public health, Industrial hygiene, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-275 078/4 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Nltroaromatlcs. Final technical rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Philip H. Howard, Joseph Santodonato, Jitendra
Saxena, Judith Mailing, and Dorothy Greninger. Jun
76,618p* TR-76-573, EPA/560/2-76/010
Contract EPA-68-01-2999
This report considers the large number of chemicals
which contain at least one nitro substituent on an aro-
matic ring. Approximately 250-300 chemicals are listed
as commercial nitroaromatic compounds. However,
only about 40 compounds are produced or consumed
annually in quantities over 500,000 pounds and per-
haps another 50-100 compounds exceed 100,000
pounds. Nitroaromatic compounds are used as pesti-
cides, perfumes, explosives, and chemical interme-
diates. This report focuses upon the non-pesticidal ni-
troaromatics. Because of the large number of com-
pounds considered in this report, comprehensive infor-
mation on individual compounds could not be devel-
oped. However, adequate information is available to
provide priorities for further study and research. Pro-
duction volume, uses, environmental fate, monitoring,
and biological effects were considered. In general, ni-
troaromatic compounds appear to be fairly persistent
and exhibit either hematologic or metabolic effects at
high levels of exposure. Most of the large-volume ni-
troaromatics have not been screened for carcinogenic,
mutagenic, or teratogenic effects.
Keywords: 'Nitro compounds, 'Aromatic compounds,
'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental surveys, Ni-
trobenzenes, Monitoring, Metabolism,
Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens, Toxicol-
ogy, Marketing, Chemical industry, Manufacturing,
Photochemistry, Oxidation, Mutagens, Chemical prop-
erties, Physical properties, Utilization, Chemical reac-
tions, Trends, Substitutes, Storage, Cargo transport,
Byproducts, Accidents, Materials handling, Explosives,
Pesticides, Monitoring, Fungi, Yeast, Algae, Regula-
tions, Standards, Biodeterioration, Volatility, Transport,
Drugs, Industrial hygiene, Public health, Epidemiology,
Birds, Mammals, Microorganisms, Plants(Botany),
Bacteria, Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation, To-
luene/dinitro, Benzene/chloro-nitro, Toluene/trinitro,
Phenol/nitro.
PB-275 079/2 PC A15/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Solid Waste Management In Illinois. Volume I.
Basic Data. Final rept.
Weston (Roy FJ, Inc., Wilmette, III.
1974,340pllEQ-74-51
See also Volume 3, PB-275 080.
Contents: Solid waste generation system (Population,
residential, commercial, and institutional solid waste
generation, Industrial solid waste generation, Agricul-
tural solid waste generation, Mineral extraction); Gov-
ernmental system (Responsibilities, Local levels, Re-
gional levels, State level); Transportation system
(Highways, Railroads, Waterways); Natural resources
(Geology, Geology and Sanitary landfill, Hydrology,
Bedrock, Groundwater levels, Climatology, Climatolo-
gy and sanitary landfill, Combined effects of natural
factors); Technology options.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Industrial wastes, 'Illinois, Agricultural wastes.
Demography, Government policies, Environmental im-
pacts, Transportation, Highways, Geology, Water pol-
lution, Hydrology, Sanitary landfills, Climate, Collec-
tion, Tables(Data), Illinois, Mine wastes.
PB-275 080/0 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Solid Waste Management In Illinois. Volume 3. Re-
source Recovery. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc.. Wilmette, III.
1974,62pllEQ-74-53
See also Volume 1, PB-275 079 and Volume 4, PB-275
081.
Contents: Resources and urban wastes; Markets for
resources; Unit processes and operations for recourse
recovery; Practical resource recovery systems; Utiliza-
tion of source-segregated urban wastes; Existing legis-
lation; Summary ancfrecommendations.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
'Management planning, 'Illinois, Metal scrap, Paper,
Plastics, Elastomers, Wood wastes, Tires, Fertilizers,
Fuels, Forecasting, Composting, Biodeterioration, In-
cineration, Pyrolysis, Cost analysis, Fly ash, Sludge
disposal, Regulations, Legislation, Government poli-
cies, State government, Local government, Waste re-
cycling, Junk car disposal, Sewage sludge disposal.
PB-275 081/8 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Solid Waste Management In Illinois. Volume 4. The
Regional Concept. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., Wilmette, III.
1974,105pflEQ-74-54
See also Volume 3, PB-275 080.
Contents: The regional concept; Advantages of a re-
gional approach; Regional solid waste management
planning; The role of mathematical modeling in solid
waste management planning; The role of mathemat-
ical modeling in the design of a regional solid waste
program; Planning of solid waste management in the
state of Illinois; Solid waste management practices
and problems; (Present problems in Illinois, Future
problems, Regional lessons, Regional economics,
Haul vs. landfill costs, Least cost alternatives, Overlap-
ping haul routes, The county landfill, Sanitary landfills
vs. transfer stations, Rural collection, The small land-
fill, Regionalization by Industry, Resource recovery).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
'Illinois, Economic analysis, Financing, Government
policies, State government, Local government, Collec-
tion, Hauling, Sanitary landfills, Materials recovery,
Management planning, Mathematical analyses, Waste
transfer stations.
PB-276 097/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Market Input/Output Analysis of Select-
ed Chemical Substances to Assess Sources of
Environmental Contamination: Task II. Blphenyl
and Dlphenyl Oxide. Final rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
William M. Meylan, and Philip H. Howard. Oct 76,
120p' TR-76-599, EPA/560/6-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01-3224
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-271 018.
This report considers the sources of environmental
contamination from biphenyl and diphenyl oxide. Bi-
phenyl is manufactured in commercial quantities for
use in dye carriers, heat transfer fluids, derivatives
such as PCB's and alkylated blphenyls, and fruit fungi-
cides. Diphenyl oxide is manufactured in commercial
quantities for use In dye carriers, heat transfer fluids,
derivatives such as butylchlorodlphenyl oxide, deca-
bromodiphenyl oxide, surfactants, and perfumes and
soaps. Thus, this report concentrates on the commer-
cial production and use of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide.
Standards established by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration have controlled the occupation-
al exposure to biphenyl and diphenyl oxide; however,
large quantities of these chemicals are released to the
external environment, particularly to waste treatment
facilities which may utilize chlorine disinfection. Labo-
ratory studies Indicate that the biphenyl nucleus can
undergo chlorinatlon to various chloroblphenyl Iso-
mers during treatment chlorine disinfection.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Blphenyl, 'Industrial wastes, Manufacturing,
Dyes, Surfactants, Soaps, Fungicides, Marketing,
Technology, Economics, Process charting, Benzene,
Toluene, Byproducts, Phenols, Management planning,
Bromine organic compounds, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Industrial hygiene, Physical properties,
'Phenyl ether, Perfumes, Heat transfer fluids, Ben-
zene/chloro, Polychlorlnated biphenyl, Polybrominat-
ed biphenyl.
December 1983 279
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-27S 103/0 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
The Prevalence of Subsurface Migration of Haz-
ardous Chemical Substances at Selected Industri-
al Waste Land Disposal Sites. Final rept,
Geraghtyand Miller, Inc., Port Washington, N.Y.
D. Miller, O. Braids, and W. Walker. 1977,530p' EPA/
SW-634
Contract EPA-68-01-2966
The objective of this investigation was to establish the
presence of ground-water contamination at selected
industrial waste land-disposal sites. Land disposal
facilities studied were lagoons and landfills and combi-
nations of the two. At 43 of 50 sites, migration of one
or more hazardous constituents was confirmed. At four
other sites, the areal extent of ground water containing
hazardous substances was greater than expected, or
ground water movement was not In the direction as-
sumed during the field inspection prior to sampling.
Contamination by heavy metals and/or organic chemi-
cals was detected at these four sites. At three sites,
background data was not available. Contamination
with hazardous constituents was found In the monitor-
ing wells sampled at the three sites. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Ground water, Industrial wastes, Organic
compounds, Metals, Sampling, Sites, Water pollution,
Monitoring, Quality assurance, Wells,
Lagoons(Ponds), Earth fills, 'Land disposal, 'Water
pollution sampling, Heavy metals.
PB-275 106/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Classification System. Final rept. Jul
76-Oct 77,
Auerbach Associates, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.
Wendy L Byer. Oct 77,184p" EPA/560/9-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4117
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, manufactur-
ers, processors and importers may be required to
submit certain data to EPA prior to the commercial pro-
duction, processing or distribution of a new chemical
or of a previously produced chemical intended for a
new use. EPA may also collect the same data for exist-
ing chemicals in existing uses. This Chemical Use
Classification System will allow manufacturers, pro-
cessors and importers of chemicals to report chemical
use data to EPA in a form that will facilitate analysis.
This system includes a use classification scheme, an
alphabetical index to the classification scheme,
instructions describing how to report chemical use,
production and exposure information, and a reporting
form on which to code the above information.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Classifications, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Manufacturing, Chemical
industry, Forms(Paper), Guidelines, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-275 107/1 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis.
Croup 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1973,62p-in 9 articles
Consists of PB-275 108 thru PB-275 116.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis.
PB-27S 108/9
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Determination of Trace Quantities of Antlcholln-
esterase Pesticides In Air and Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 1973,15p
Pub. in Bioassay Techniques and Environmental
Chemistry, 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
A procedure is described which is applicable to the
screening of large numbers of samples for wiitcholin-
esterase activity. The method is sufficiently sensitive
to detect cholinesterase depression due to as little as
30 ppt paraoxon; 3 ppb malaoxon or 2 ppm of carbaryl
in either ethylene glocol or water. While the method
does not allow the absolute differentiation between
compounds which might be present, some classifica-
tion is possible, i.e., for compounds which must be ac-
tivated before they possess anitcholinesterase activi-
ty. The technique can be made more specific through
manipulations of types of cholinesterase used and
substrates employed. The major usefulness of the
technique at this time is for screening.
Keywoi ds: 'Trace elements, 'Pesticides, 'Gas analy-
sis, 'Water analysis, 'Chollnesterase inhibitors,
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composltion), Sam-
ples, Gas chromatography, Reprints, 'Water pollution
detection, 'Air pollution detection, Flame lonlzation
detectors, Procedures.
PB-27S 109/7
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
A Detector By-Pass Valve,
National Communicable Disease Center, Perrine, Fla.
Pesticides Research Lab.
Morris Cranmer. 1967,1p
Pub. in Jnl. of Gas Chromatography, v6 Jun 68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275 107.
Gas chromatographic detection systems are subject to
two main sources of interference: solvent elution and
liquid phase bleed. Solvent elution, especially with
large Injection volumes, often produces undesirable
tailing, over-loading or fouling of detector, and flame
extinguishment. Column liquid phase bleed causes de-
tector and combustion tube contamination which may
result In lost sensitivity, anomalous behavior and cata-
lyst poisoning. The described problems would be
solved by a system which would vent solvent, shunt
column bleed, and maintain continuous detector equi-
librium. Dual columns can be connected to a single de-
tector In the usual manner with or without Installation
of a by-pass valve.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Gas detectors,
'Gas analysis, Pesticides, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB-275 110/5
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
A Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determi-
nation of Low Concentrations of Abate In Water,
National Communicable Disease Center, Perrine, Fla.
Pesticides Research Lab.
M.T.Shafik. 1968,9p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v3n51968.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
Abate (O,O,0',0'-tetramethyl-0,0'-thiodi-p-phenylene
phosphorothioate) is a laryicide suggested for the con-
trol of mosquito larvae in natural waters. Data are
needed for Abate residues in water in order to deter-
mine the levels which will result from the routine use of
this compound In drinking waters. The injection of a
large number of Abate samples in the gas chromato-
graph contaminate the instrument with the result that
Abate peaks appear with the solvent injection only.
The following investigation is concerned with the quan-
titative conversion of the low vapor pressure 4,4'-thio-
diphenol to a product of high vapor pressure using sily-
lating reagents.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Pesticides, Concentration(Composltion), Chemical
analysis, Potable water, Insecticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Samples, Water pollution, Reprints,
Abate, Phosphorothioic acid/thio-diphenylene-bis(0-
O-(dimethyl-ester)-thio), 'Water pollution detection.
PB-275 111/3
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Div.
of Pesticide Community Studies.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pentach-
lorophenol In Human Blood and Urine,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Hawaii Community Studies on
Pesticides.
Jerry R. Rivers. 1972,3p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v8 n5 p294-296, Nov 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
The Hawaii Community Studies on Pesticides has
used methods developed by BEVENUE et al.
(1966,1968) to determine pentachlorophenol (PCP)
residues in human blood and urine. The PCP-blood
method has also been applied to the determination of
2,4-D and dicamba in human blood and urine (RIVERS
et al. 1970). The modified PCP analytical procedure
described In this paper represents an efficient combi-
nation of features taken from the procedures previous-
ly used, plus the use of a mechanical mixing technique
developed by THOMPSON (1970) for extractig organ-
ochlorlne pesticides from human serum samples. The
procedure retains the accuracy of the procedure previ-
ously used, requires less time and equipment to per-
form, and applies to both human blood and urine.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Blood chemical
analysis, 'Urine, 'Pesticides, Residues, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Extraction, Chemical analysis,
Samples, Humans, Reprints, 'Phenol/pentachloro,
Procedures.
PB-27S 112/1
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Construction of a Leak-Inlet System for the LKB
9000 Qas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer.
Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta
Toxicology Branch.
Robert E. Hawk, and Ralph W. Jennings. 26 Feb 70,1p
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v24 nS Sep/Oct 70.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
Apart from the direct inlet system which permits the In-
troduction of substances with very low volatility and/or
thermal stability Into the mass spectrometer, the LKB
Instrument also permits the high speed recording of
mass spectra of volatile compounds as single compo-
nents or components of mixtures eluted from a gas
chromatograpn. Caution must be exercised In the In-
terpretation of these spectra In view of possible peak
or component overlap using the gas chromatographic
column. At times It is useful to have another alternative
system for the rapid Introduction of controlled amounts
of gaseous substances and/or highly volatile liquids
and solids as well as reference samples such as the
perfluoroalkanes directly Into the Ion source of the
mass spectrometer for analysis. A heated molecular
leak system for this purpose was developed.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrom-
eters, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Trace
elements, Reprints, 'Leak inlet systems.
PB-275 113/9
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Colorlmetrlc Determination of Dieldrin and Its Ap-
plication to Animal Fat,
Communicable Disease Center, Phoenix, Ariz.
Clpriano Cueto, Jr. 14 Mar 60,4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v8 n4 p273,
Jul/Aug 1960.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
This method for determining microgram quantities of
dieldrin is based on the color complex formed between
dieldrin and diphenylamine in the presence of zinc
chloride. The absorption at 650 micrometers by color
reaction products in an acetic acid solution follows
Beer's law. The method is general for most chlorinated
insecticides, but specificity is gained through alkaline
hydrolysis and chromatography.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Dieldrin,
'Colorimetry, Insecticides, Animals, Fat,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Dimethanon-
aphthalenes, Procedures.
PB-275 114/7
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Determination of DDT and Metabolites, Including
DDA, In Human Urine by Gat Chromatography,
National Communicable Disease Center, Perrine, Fla.
Pesticides Research Lab.
M. F. Cranmer, J. J. Carroll, and M. F. Copeland. 1969,
10p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v4 n41969.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
280 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This paper reports the development of a technique
suitable for the routine analysis of DDT, DDE, DDD and
free DDA present in human urine. The procedure in-
cludes joint electron-capture gas chromatographic de-
terminatiion of DDT, DDE, DDD, and DDA-methyl
ester, as well as other extractable chlorinated hydro-
carbons such as lindane, dieldrin and dichloran. Detec-
tion of these compounds is possible at levels as low as
1.0 ppb by the combination of the Coulson conductivity
and parallel plate electron-capture detectors. Identifi-
cation is facilitated by comparison of the relative re-
sponses of different detection systems and relative re-
tention times of columns with different retention char-
acteristics.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Chemical analysis, 'Urine,
Humans, Metabolism, Chlorine organic compounds,
Gas chromatography, Electron capture,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'DDE insecti-
cide, Dichlorodipnenyltrichloroethane, Ethylene/
bls(chlorophenyl)-dlchloro, 'ODD insecticide, Ethane/
bls(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, *DDA Insecticide, Acetic
add/bis(chlorophenyl), Electron capture detectors.
PB-275 115/4
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Relative Retention Ratios of Ninety-Five Pestl-
ckJes and Metabolites on Nine Qas-Llquld Chro-
matographic Columns Over a Temperature Range
of 170 to 204C in Two Detection Modes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N. C.
John F. Thompson, Jon B. Mann, Alfred 0. Apodaca,
and Edward J. Kantor. 28 Jan 75,14p
Pub. in Jnl. of the AOAC, v58 n5 1975.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
Tables of relative retention data are presented for 95
organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticidal
compounds at column oven temperatures from 170 to
204C in 2 degree increments. Retention values, rela-
tive to aldrin or parathion (RRT (A of P)), were found to
vary Inversely with increasing column temperature for
all compounds eluting later than the reference com-
pound, and in direct proportion for those compounds
eluting earlier than the fixed reference compound.
Studies revealed a linear relationship between column
temperature and relative retention ratios; thus, by ob-
taining precise values by gas-liquid chromatography
for a number of pesticidal compounds at 170,185, and
200C, a computer program was developed to obtain
RRT (A of P values) at all 2 degree increments from
170 to 204C, the customary limits In the gas-liquid
chromatography of pesticides. The tables are valuable
In the tentative identification of pesticidal peaks result-
Ing from the chromatography of sample extracts for
multlresidue assessment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Gas chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Metabolism, Chlorine organic
compounds, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Tab)es(Data), Reprints.
PB-275 116/2
(Order as PB-275 107, MF A01)
Reproduclblllty of Micro-Mill* Procedure for Pestl-
cfcto RMMUM In Fat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Ana Barquet, Carmen Morgade, and Janet Cassady.
Pub. in Epidemiology of DDT, 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 1, PB-275107.
The reproducibllity of the mlcromodiflcatJon of the Mills
procedure for detection of six pesticide residues in
btopsled adipose tissue was Investigated. The magni-
tude of the pooled standard deviations implies that the
measurements should be rounded to the nearest tenth
of a ppm for DDT, DDE, and benzene hexachloride,
and to the nearest hundredth of a ppm for DDD, diel-
drin, and heptachlor epoxlde. Although variability
among measurements of certain pesticides by a tritium
detector chromatograph was found to be significantly
Oreater than among measurements by nickel detector
chromatograph, no inferences can be made from this
•ample of only two chromatographs.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Fat anal-
y*te. Residues, DDT, Insecticides, Dieldrin, Chlorine
organic compounds, Herbicides, Oxygen heterocycllc
compounds, Reprints, Procedures, DDE insecticide,
DDD insecticide, Dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane, Eth-
ylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Ethane/
bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Dimethanonaphthalenes,
Benzene/hexachloro, Heptachlor epoxide, Methano-
indero-oxirene.
PB-275 162/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Screening Study to Determine Need for SOx and
Hydrocarbon NSPS for FCC Regenerators,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Aug 76,187p EPA/450/3-77/046
Contract EPA-68-02-1332
The report quantifies the emissions from a typical Fluid
Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit and identifies and pre-
sents all available data that would define the emission
levels that can be achieved with the most effective
demonstrated control systems for FCC units. In addi-
tion, estimated emission reductions that would result
through promulgation of new source performance
standards for FCC units have been prepared.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Hydrocar-
bons, 'Air pollution control, Regenerator, Standards,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sources,
Design criteria, Process charting, Particles, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Flue gases, Regu-
lations, Pilot plants, 'Fluid catalytic cracking, Station-
ary sources, 'New source performance standards,
Emission factors.
PB-275 164/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Municipal Incinerator Enforcement Manual,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper. Jan 77,125p EPA/340/1-76/013
Contract EPA-68-01 -3173
This manual provides technical information to assist
enforcement personnel at both state and federal
levels in initiating actions to effect compliance by mu-
nicipal incinerators with State Implementation Plan re-
quirements. In addition to information pertaining to
size, process, control equipment, and probable compli-
ance status of the 108 municipal incinerators currently
operating within the 48 contiguous states, this manual
lists the appropriate emission limitations for each state
and discusses methods of incinerating municipal
waste and controlling the consequent air pollution.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Enforcement, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators, State
governments, Combustion products, Particles, Regula-
tions, Furnaces, Performance evaluation, Residues,
Trends, Environmental impacts, Water pollution, Air
pollution control equipment, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs.
PB-275 167/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for the Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards: Fuel Qas Fired
Combustion UnlU. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
George E. Umlauf, and Bansi Parehk. Aug 76,47p
EPA/340/1-77/019
Contract EPA-68-01 -3156
This document outlines the air pollution requirements
of Federal New Source Performance Standards for pe-
troleum refinery combustion units which are fired on
fuel gas. It is designed to be utilized by agency person-
nel who are responsible for the enforcement of these
regulations. Briefly, the rules are applicable to all com-
bustion units on which construction or modification
was commenced after June 11, 1973. If fuel gas is
burned in the unit, It Is required that the fuel gas be de-
sulfurized to a level of 230 mg/dscm (0.1 gr/dscf) or
below, or that effluent combustion gases be treated for
sulfur dioxide removal to an equivalent level. This
manual also outlines other requirements of the regula-
tion for performance testing, monitoring and record
keeping and reporting requirements. Subsequent sec-
tions of the document describe types of emission con-
trol systems which may be used; procedures for con-
ducting on-slte inspections including an Inspector's
checklist; and approved methods for conducting .per-
formance tests.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Refineries, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Standards, Petroleum products, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Enforcement, Regula-
tions, Hydrogen sulfide, Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Inspection,
Monitoring, Sources, State government, Management
planning, Guidelines, New source performance stand-
ards, 'Air quality.
PB-275 169/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Characterization of Washington, D.C., Carbon
Monoxide Problem. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Theodore P. Midurski, and Victor L. Corbin. Oct 77,
155p GCA-TR-77-11-G, EPA/450/3-77/053
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
Relationships between traffic, vehicle emissions, and
carbon monoxide (CO) levels within the Washington,
D.C., area are analyzed using the revised CO Hot Spot
Guidelines and supplementary computer models. As
such, the report provides a demonstration of the re-
vised CO Hot Spot Guidelines, as well as a first level
analysis of potential CO problems in the Washington,
D.C. area, three levels of analysis are described: (1)
areawide screening of all signalized intersections, (2)
hot spot verification at 29 selected locations, and (3)
comparison of computer modeling results with ambient
data. Data requirements and resource needs are iden-
tified for each level of analysis. Annotated instruction
sheets, in addition to all tables and graphs used in the
calculations, are provided. A preliminary review of the
data revealed that the existing data base for the Wash-
ington, D.C., area was inadequate for developing and
testing techniques for relating changes in VMT and/or
vehicle emissions to changes in ambient CO levels.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Motor vehicles,
'Urban areas, Mathematical models, Air pollution,
Monitoring, Guidelines, Sampling, 'District of Colum-
bia, 'Air quality, Hot spots, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-275 234/3 PC A03/MF A01
Ozone Pollution In Illinois. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Stan Twardy. Jul 77,50p IIEQ-77-25
This publication is written to educate the public about
the facts on Ozone, as it relates to Air pollution. It
deals with the health effects of Ozone, and monitoring
and the regulatory efforts for controlling Ozone by the
State of Illinois. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution control, 'Illinois,
Public health, Monitoring, Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Trends, Toxicity, Regula-
tions.
PB-275 282/2 PC A08/MF A01
Monitoring of Trace Constituents During PCB Re-
covery Dredging Operations: Duwamlsh Water-
way,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Joseph N. Blazevich, Arnold R. Gahler, George J.
Vasconcelos, Robert H. Rieck, and Stephen V. W.
Pope. Aug 77,156p EPA/910/9-77/039
This report describes the monitoring program conduct-
ed after a spill of 255 gallons of transformer fluid, Aro-
clor 1242, occurred In the Duwamlsh River in Seattle,
Washington . A detailed evaluation is presented of
data acquired prior to, during, and after recovery oper-
ations. An Initial recovery effort conducted by EPA re-
sulted in a 30 percent removal of the PCB. The Dept.
of Defense, acting through the Corps of Engineers, re-
moved the remaining Aroclor using a Pneuma dredge.
This removal operation Increased the total PCB recov-
ered to approximately 92 percent. The release of pol-
lutants from sediments during dredging could be only
partially predicted by use of the elutriate test and eval-
uation of the interstitial water.
Keywords: 'Blphenyls, 'Water pollution, 'Monitoring,
'Duwamlsh River, Dredging, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Trace elements, Concentration(Composition),
December 1983 281
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Recovery, Sediments, Spoil, pH, Metals, Conductivity,
Performance evaluation, Transformers, Coliform bac-
teria, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic sulfides, Washmgton(State), "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Pneuma dredges, Seattfe(Washington), "Aro-
cloM242.
PB-275 287/1 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment
Techniques for Industrial Wastes. Volume II. Final
rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Joan B, Berkowitz. Nov 76, 516p* ADL-C-78950, EPA/
SW-148C
Contract EPA-68-01-3554
See also PB-275 054.
There is a strong need for treatment processes which
can detoxify, destroy, or apply resource recovery prin-
ciples to industrial wastes. This study examined 47 unit
engineering processes for their applicability to the task
of treating hazardous industrial wastes. Some of these
unit processes are commonly used for industrial waste
treatment while others require further R&D efforts
before they will become commercially attractive. Four
(dialysis, electrophoresis, freeze drying and zone refin-
ing) were found not to be applicable to waste treat-
ment. Part Two of this report presents comprehensive
descriptions of each of the unit processes, including in-
formation on the basic principles, areas of application,
economics, energy and environmental considerations,
and an outlook for future use on industrial wastes.
Thus, Part Two is in essence an up-to-date reference
textbook on potential treatment processes. Volume 2
is a continuation of the process descriptions started in
volume 1.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Hazardous
materials, "Reviews, 'Water pollution control, Design
criteria, Economics, Energy consumption, Separation,
Evaporation, Filtration, , flocculation,
Stripping(pistillation), Sedimentation, Flotation,
Freeze drying, Crystallization, Hydrolysis, Ion exchang-
ing, Extraction, Organic compounds, Oxidation,
Reduction(Chemistry), Reverse osmosis, Distillation,
Refining, Neutralization, Qzonation, Biological industri-
al waste treatment, Ultrafiltration, High gradient mag-
netic separation.
PB-275 292/1 PC A12/MF A01
Procedures for the Preparation of Emission In-
ventories for Volatile Organic Compounds.
Volume I,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Tom Lahre. Dec 77,251 p EPA/450/2-77/028
Procedures are described for compiling emission in-
ventories of volatile organic compounds (VOC) for use
in less data-intensive models such as rollback and the
Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA). Such in-
ventories generally represent annual emissions (per-
haps with some seasonal information) and are com-
piled for larger geographical areas such as counties.
The basic inventory elements-planning, data collec-
tion, emission estimates, and reporting-are all dis-
cussed. No single prescriptive methodology is present-
ed; rather, a set of procedures is described so that the
agency may choose the most appropriate techniques
to meet its needs in its oxidant and other programs.
Various example are included to aid the agency in the
understanding and utilization of this document.
Keywords: "Inventories, "Organic compounds, "Air
pollution, Planning, Surveys, Exhaust emissions, Sol-
vents, Evaporation, Data acquisition, Sources, Numeri-
cal analysis, Reporting, Oxidizers, Procedures, Sta-
tionary sources, Fugitive emissions, Emission factors,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB-27S 326/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Relation of Oxidant Levels to Precursor Emis-
sion* and Meteorological Features. Voiume II:
Review of Available Research Results and Moni-
toring Data (As of November 1975). Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
H. B. Singh, W. B. Johnson, and E. Reiter. Sep 77,
125p EPA/450/3-77/022b
Contract EPA-68-02-2084
See also Volume 1, PB-275 001 and Volume 3, PB-275
327.
This report was originally published as an Interim
Report in November 1975. Literature available at that
time was reviewed and a summary was prepared de-
sci.uuig the processes affecting ozone concentrations
in remote areas. The topics discussed include ozone
of stratospheric origin, natural tropospheric sources
and sinks, and long range transport in the troposphere.
Selected research studies are abstracted and 38
sources of ozone or oxidant data taken at remote loca-
tions are discussed. A bibliography is included.
Keywords: "Reviews, "Ozone, "Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Stratosphere, Tropo-
sphere, Atmospheric diffusion, Abstracts, Sources,
Oxidizers, Meteorology, Sites, Monitoring, "Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB-275 327/5 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Relation of Oxidant Levels to Presursor Emis-
sions and Meteorological Features. Volume III.
Appendices (Analytical Methods and Supplemen-
tary Data). Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
F. L. Ludwig, P. B. Simmon, R. L. Mancuso, J. H. S.
Kealoha, and E. Reiter. Sep 77,415p EPA/450/3-77/
022c
Contract EPA-68-02-2084
See also Volume 2, PB-275 326.
Contents:
Data selection and methodology for trajectory
analysis;
Meteorological and emission index computer
program;
Computation of Montgomery stream functions;
Daily weather and peak-hour ozone maps for 1974.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, Meteorology, Statis-
tical analysis, Trajectories, Graphs, Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Computer pro-
grams, Stratosphere, Troposphere, Atmospheric com-
position, METINDX computer program.
PB-275 330/9 MF A01
Construction Inspection Guide. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
1976,246p* EPA/430/9-76/005-8, EPA/MCD-23-
VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB-275 331, and Volume 3, PB-
274 332.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-275 329-
This guide was issued by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for the use of personnel who inspect
the day-to-day construction of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. It is intended to assist construction
inspectors in examining the detailed construction of
the structural, mechanical, and electrical features of a
modern facility. Volume I covers the following topics:
General Information; layout and quantity surveys;
clearing and grubbing; earthwork; underground pipe
systems; paving; grassing, planting and erosion con-
trol; and concrete for structures.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Construction, "Mu-
nicipalities, "Water pollution abatement, Inspection,
Structural design, Mechanical properties, Electricity,
Layout, Surveys, Clearing, Manuals, Earthwork, Sub-
surface structures, Pipes, Pavements, Grasses, Ero-
sion control, Concrete construction, "Sewage treat-
ment plants.
PB-27S 331/7 MF A01
Construction Inspection Qulde. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
1976,254p" EPA/430/9-76/005-b, EPA/MCD-23-
VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB-275 330, and Volume 3, PB-
275 332.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-275 329-
This guide was issued by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for the use of personnel who inspect
the day-to-day construction of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. It is intended to assist construction
inspectors in examining the detailed construction of
the structural, mechanical, and electrical features of a
modern facility. Volume II covers the following topics:
Structural steel; welding; masonry; carpentry; precast
and cast-in-place roof decking; roofing; sheet metal;
furring (metal), lathing and plaster; resilient-type floors;
dampprpofing and waterproofing; corrugated roofing
and siding; metal doors, door frames and windows;
cabinets, casework and wardrobes; caulking, glass
and glazing; terrazzo: ceramic and quarry tile; movable
accordion and toilet partitions; hardware; painting; and
plumbing and sprinkler systems.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Construction, "Mu-
nicipalities, "Water pollution abatement, Inspection,
Structural design, Manuals, Structural steels, welding,
Masonry, Waterproofing, Ceramic tiles, Doors, Siding,
Carpentry, Roofing materials, Metal sheets, Plastering,
Laths, Plumbing, Separation, Painting, Plumbing,
"Sewage treatment plants.
PB-27S 332/5 MF A01
Construction Inspection Guide. Volume 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
1976,270p* EPA/430/9-76/005-C, EPA/MCD-23-
VOL-3
See also Volume 1, PB-275 330, and Volume 2, PB-
275 331.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-275 329-
This guide was issued by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency for the use of personnel who inspect
the day-to-day construction of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities. It is intended to assist construction
inspectors in examining the detailed construction of
the structural, mechanical, and electrical features of a
modern facility. Volume III covers the following topics:
Heating; ventilating, air supply and distribution sys-
tems; refrigeration and air conditioning; interior electri-
cal; exterior electrical; cathodic protection; installation
of equipment; pile construction; levee construction and
earth embankment construction; and drilling for sub-
surface investigations.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Construction, "Mu-
nicipalities, "Water pollution abatement, Manuals, In-
spection, Structural design, Mechanical efficiency,
Electricity, Heating, Ventilation, Distribution systems,
Air circulation, Refrigeration, Electric devices, Install-
ing, Embankments, Drilling, Subsurface investigations,
"Sewage treatment plants.
PB-275 354/9 Not available NTIS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, Md. Office of Sea Grant.
Puget Sound Marine Environment. An Annotated
Bibliography. Sea Grant pub.,
Washington, Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Oceanography.
Eugene E. Collias, and Svetlana I. Andreeva. 1977,
402p WSG-77-2, ISBN-0-295-95570-8, NOAA-
77102103
Grant NOAA-04-5-158-48
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 77-24231.
Paper copy available from University of Washington,
Press, Seattle, Washington. 98105.
This bibliography contains 1,980 annotated references
to literature on the marine environment of Puget
Sound. This revised edition entailed not only a review
of literature contained In the 1971 edition, but also
searches of other reference sources. Contents are the
following: Master listing of annotated entries; Index A -
Oceanographic regions sorted by subject; Index B •
River basins; Index C - Water and land usage; Index D -
Subject sorted by oceanographic regions.
Keywords: "Ocean environments, "Bibliographies,
'Puget Sound, Ecology, Indexes(Documentatlon),
Sites, Water resources, Oceanographic data, River
basins, Land use, Salmon,
ConcentratlonfCompositlon), Marine biology, Water
pollution, Coasts, North Pacific Ocean,
Washington(State), Information retrieval, Sea Grant
program.
282 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-275 367/1 PC A17/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
Initial Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing
Committee and Information Dossiers on Sub-
stances Designated.
TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, Washington,
D.C.
Dec 77,382p* EPA/560/10-78/001
Prepared in cooperation with Clement Associates, Inc.,
Washington, D.C., Contract NSF-C-ENV-77-15417.
Contents:
Committee establishment and responsibilities;
Selection of the committee's basic approach;
Establishment of the initial listing;
Reduction to the master file;
Selection of the preliminary list;
Public comment on the preliminary list;
Selection of substances for detailed review;
Consideration for listing and designation;
Consideration of availability of testing facilities and
personnel;
Substances and categories of substances
recommended for testing;
Reasons for recommending testing of the
substances and categories;
Alkyl epoxides, Alkyl phthalates;
Chlorinated benzenes, mono- and di-;
Chlorinated paraffins, 35-64% chlorine;
Chloromethane, Cresols;
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene;
Nitrobenzene, toluene, xylenes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Classifica-
tions, Committees, Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation,
Recommendations, Chlorobenzenes, Chlorometh-
anes, Toxicology, Metabolism, Cresols, Nitroben-
zenes, Toluene, Xylenes, Alkanes, Chlorine organic
compounds, Epoxides, Phthalates, Tests, Environ-
mental health, Toxic Substances Control Act, Butadi-
ene/hexachlofo, "Toxic substances, Bioaccumulation,
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Teratogenesis.
PB-276 370/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air Programs.
Investigation of Products of Tire Wear. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Measures for Air Quality Office.
Richard L. Raybold, and Radford Byerly, Jr. Apr 72,
48pNBS-10834
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Air Programs.
A limited preliminary study was undertaken of the
emission of products of wear from automobile tires.
The compromise experiment used real tires at typical
loads, real pavements, speeds, and ambient condi-
tions. Volatile and paniculate samples were collected
and analyzed. Results and suggestions concerning
future studies are provided.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Wear tests, 'Automobile
"res, Particles, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical anal-
ysis. Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-276 388/7 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Boston. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Area Source Emission Inventory for AQMP (Air
Quality Maintenance Plans) Development In New
Hampshire. Final rept.,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden Research Div.
Kenneth W. Wiltsee, Jr., and Mahesh C. Shah. Dec 77,
90p C-894-2, EPA/901 /9-77/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2540
An area source inventory of criteria pollutant emis-
sions and miscellaneous emission source activity in
1975 was prepared for each county in the State of
New Hampshire. Project area source emissions for
each county also were estimated for the year 1985.
These data were supplied in a separate data supple-
ment in NEDS format. Additionally for each year, the
emissions of SO2 and TSP for the town of Berlin and
'or Rockingham, Hillsborough, Stratford, and Merri-
[nack counties were allocated into a grid network for
'"put to atmospheric diffusion models and tabulated in
COM format.
Keywords: 'New Hampshire, *Alr pollution, Manage-
ment planning, Sources, Inventories, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Industrial wastes, Combustion produces, Motor
vehicles, Numerical analysis. Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Forecasting, *Air quality,
Stationary sources.
PB-27S 391/1 PC A09/MF A01
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Metals Analyses.
Student Reference Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Paul Hallbach. Dec 77,200p* EPA/430/1-77/010
The training course manual is designed for wastewater
treatment plant technicians who will be responsible for
performing selected metals analyses in treatment
plant effluents. The manual contains procedures for
selected analyses, including boron, copper, Iron, mer-
cury, sodium, and zinc. The procedures are in con-
formance with EPA approved methods as promulgated
in the Code of Federal Regulations.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Metals, 'Manuals, Edu-
cation, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Monitoring,
Boron, Calcium, Volumetric analysis, Copper, Magne-
sium, Manganese, Zinc, Lead, Atomic spectroscopy,
Extraction, Mercury, Potassium, Sodium, Flame photo-
metry, 'Water pollution detection, Flameless atomic
absorption analysis.
PB-275 393/7 PC A07/MF A01
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Metals Analyses.
Staff Guide for Conducting the Course,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Paul Hallbach. Dec 77,138p* EPA/430/1-77/006
The staff guide is designed to be used by instructors to
assist in the conduct of Effluent Monitoring Proce-
dures: Metals Training course. The manual contains
course planning and management information, includ-
ing course plan and working schedules, training re-
sources, secretarial support, and instructional package
worksheets.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Metals, 'Manuals, Man-
agement planning, Water pollution, Monitoring, Guide-
lines, Education, Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB-275 407/5 PC A08/MF A01
Awards Register. Grant* Assistance Programs.
Volume I. Listing Awards During the Transition
Quarter (July-September) of FY 1976, Except
State and Local Assistance Awards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Dec 77,160p* EPA/GAD/1-76/005
See also Volume 2, PB-275 408.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of July-September, Fiscal Year 1976,
for research, demonstration, training and fellowship
programs. A brief project description for most of the re-
search and demonstration grants administered by
Headquarters is contained In Section Two, arranged In
ascending order of the Grant Identification Number. A
Grant Number Index is included to assist cross-refer-
encing into Section One material. Section Three pro-
vides a cross-walk for use In Identifying the program
and sub-program area of a grant, mis conversion is
based upon classification of programs by the Office of
Research and Development and the assignment of
Program Element Numbers by their staff. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Air pollution control, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Radioactive
wastes, Tables(Data), Classifying, Research projects,
Hazardous materials, Pesticides, Water supply, Educa-
tion.
PB-27S 408/3 PC A09/MF A01
Awards Register. Grants Assistance Programs.
Volume II. Listing State and Local Assistance
Awards During the Transition Quarter (July-Sep-
tember) of FY 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Dec 77,193p' EPA/GAD/1-76/006
See also Volume 1, PB-275 407.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of July-September of Fiscal Year
1976, for State and Local Assistance programs. Each
entry consists of the applicant name, municipality,
(Step Code - WWT Construction projects, only),
project title, project director name, Grant Identification
Number, type of grant award, date, and dollar amount
of the award. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, *Alr pollu-
tion control, Industrial plants, Construction,
States(United States), Hazardous materials, Pesti-
cides, Cost analysis, Project planning, Municipalities,
Tables(Data), 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-275 411/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Planning Methodologies for Analysis of Land
Use/Water Quality Relationships: Case Study Ap-
plication.
Betz Environmental Engineers, Inc., Plymouth Meet-
ing, Pa.
Nov77,185p* EPA/440/3-77/025
Contract EPA-68-01 -3551
The objective of this report is to present a detailed
methodology and a case study analysis of how runoff
from urban and urbanizing areas affect water quality.
The study outlines existing and projected land uses in
the relatively small Wissanickon Basin (Pennsylvania)
and its related water quality problems. The methodolo-
gy employs a simple mass balance determination of
sediment and absorbed materials based on a modified
universal soil loss calculation. It is adopted to field
study data and other local conditions, such as climate,
slope, and patterns of residential and commercial de-
velopment.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Land use, 'Water pollution,
'Urban areas,' Wissahickon Watershed, Water quality
management, Storms, Losses, Sediments, Soil ero-
sion, Surveys, Tables(Data), Maps, Hydrology, Math-
ematical models, Field tests, Slope, Rainfall.land de-
velopment, Pennsylvania, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB-275 429/9 PC A02/MF A01
Thermocouple Readout Instrument,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Carl G. Enfield, and Curtis V. Gillaspy. Nov 77,23p
EPA/600/2-77/220
An electronic circuit has been developed which acts as
an electronic ice bath for chromel-constantan thermo-
couples. The electronic ice bath is accurate to within
plus or minus 0.2C from -25C to +50C. Simultaneous-
ly, the thermocouple output is scaled and linearized
such that the temperature can be read directly In C
with a sensitivity of 100 mV/C with 0 VDC at OC. Circuit
diagrams and construction considerations are includ-
ed to allow the reader to construct a functioning unit.
Keywords: 'Temperature measuring Instruments,
"Thermocouples, Circuits.
PB-275 436/4 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Region III.
Major Financial Assistance Programs Available
for Industrial Pollution Control Expenditures-Fed-
eral and EPA Region III State Programs. Final rept.,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, Pa.
Charles R. Marshall. 1 Jun 77,228p EPA/340/1-77/
023
Contract EPA-68-01 -3154
The industrial and. farming sectors In the ERA'S Region
III have recourse to many federal and state programs
aimed at reducing pollution control expenditures. The
federal programs provide more significant cost reduc-
tions than the state programs. The mining and manu-
facturing sectors have recourse to four federal financ-
ing programs that provide low interest, long term loans,
including Industrial Development Administration loans
and two specially funding Small Business Administra-
tion programs, the farm sector has recourse to five
pollution control programs, namely those of the Farm-
ers Home Administration and the Small Business Ad-
ministration. In addition to financing, all existing busi-
nesses may amortize pollution control equipment rap-
idly for federal income tax purposes. However, rapid
amortization is only attractive for equipment with a
December 1983 283
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
useful life greater than 12 years and where their own
discount rate exceeds 10 percent. Businesses that
have their wastewaters treated by a publicly owned
treatment works have an additional benefit of the ab-
sence of an interest cost for at least 75 percent of the
construction costs of the works. All end-of-line pollu-
tion control equipment is eligible for federal and state
programs, however, several programs exclude proc-
ess changes. The diversity of assistance programs for
pollution control is even greater at the state level. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Pollution control, "Financial management,
"Industrial wastes, "Agricultural wastes, Businesses,
National government, State government, Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Taxes,
Capitalized costs, Loans, Federal assistance pro-
grams, Programs, EPA region 3, State programs.
PB-275 458/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Characterization of the Washington, D.C. Oxldant
Problem. Final rept.,
QCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Frank A. Record. Sep 77,269p GCA-TR-77-11-G(1),
EPA/450/3-77/054
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
This report describes the results of a study to charac-
terize the oxidant problem in the Washington, D.C.,
metropolitan area. Emphasis is placed on ambient
monitoring data on ozone, nitrogen oxides and non-
methane hydrocarbon concentrations observed during
Summer, 1976. Additional data collected during the
study and summarized In the report include: surface
and upper air meteorological data, aircraft observa-
tions of 03, NO, NOx, SO2, and condensation nuclei,
and hydrocarbon species data. Both horizontal and
vertical ozone profiles obtained during the two weeks
of aircraft sampling In and around the Washington,
D.C., area are presented. Results of trajectory studies,
hydrocarbon composition analyses, and analyses of
the ambient concentration data are summarized in nu-
merous figures and tables. HC and NOx emission in-
ventories compiled by MWCOG are provided.
Keywords: "Oxldizers, "District of Columbia, Ozone,
Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composltion), Aerial surveys, Air pollu-
tion, Monitoring, wind, Field tests, Data analysis,
Trends, Metropolitan areas, Maryland, Virginia, "Air
quality.
PB-275 459/6 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Users' Manual for the APRAC-2 Emissions and
Diffusion Model.
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
Jun 77,257p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3807
See also PB-213 091.
The computer program for a completely revised ver-
sion of the APR AC-1A diffusion model is presented
and discussed. The new code uses EPA's emissions
calculation methodology from Supplement No. 5 to
AP-42. Gridded, and link by link emissions can be
output for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or oxides of
nitrogen. Diffusion calculations make use of a recep-
tor-oriented Gaussian plume model. Local winds at the
receptor can be used; they are interpolated from multi-
ple wind inputs. Mixing heights may be calculated from
sounding data, or input directly. Two local source
models are available, one treating pollutant behavior in
a street canyon, the other treats vehicle and pollutant
effects at a signalized intersection. A small program is
included for decoding Federal Highway Administration
data tapes.
Keywords: "Computer programs, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Concentratlon(Compositlon), Comput-
erized simulation. Programming manuals, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Emission
factors, "APRAC2 computer program.
PB-275 471/1 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Energy Usage Characteristics of Single Family
Residences and Their Occupant* In Illinois.
Volume 3. Statistical Analyses. Final rept.
Nielsen (A.C.) Co., Northbrook, III.
Aug77, 71pllEQ-77-31
Sponsored in part by Illinois Dept. of Business and
Economic Development, Springfield. Div. of Energy.
See also Volume 1 dated Aug 76, PB-259 519.
Volume 3 of this study performs a statistical analysis of
me characteristics measured and determines their ef-
fects upon potential energy savings in single-family
dwelling units. The analysis explores the relationship
of social, economic, attitudinal, and solar refit charac-
teristics associated with potential energy savings.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Energy consumption, "Illinois, "Residen-
tial buildings, Houses, Thermal efficiency, Households,
Space heating, Air conditioning, Thermal insulation,
Energy conservation, Demographic surveys, Regres-
sion analysis, Computerized simulation, Statistical
analysis, Residential sector, "Heat consumption.
PB-275 474/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Guideline for Development of Control Strategies
In Areas with Fugitive Dust Problems. Final rept,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
George Richard, and Dallas Safriet. Oct 77,154p*
EPA/450/2-77/029
Contract EPA-68-01 -3152
The document outlines a methodology for develop-
ment of control strategies for areas experiencing non-
attainment problems due to fugitive dust emissions.
Topics discussed include the following: Analysis of air
monitoring data; Emission inventories and projections;
Emissions/air quality relationship; Alternative control
measures; Integration of fugitive dust source impacts
into the state implementation planning process.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Dust, "Air pollution, Particles,
Air pollution control, Inventories, Wind erosion, Math-
ematical models, Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), "Fugitive emissions, "Air
quality, Air pollution sampling.
PB-275 475/2 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Determining Input Variables for Calculation of
Impact of New Source Performance Standards:
Worksheets for Metallurgical Industries. Final task
rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
270p EPA/450/3-76/018e
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-272 411.
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains Appendix 4E
of Volume II - Calculation Sheets for the Metallurgical
Industry. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Standards, "Air pollution control, "Industri-
al wastes, Regulations, Numerical analysis, Chemical
industry, Paper industry, Petroleum industry, Metal In-
dustry, Combustion products, Agriculture, Food indus-
try, Sources, Performance evaluation, Source perform-
ance standards, "Emission factors.
PB-275 484/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Background Information on National and Regional
Hydrocarbon Emissions from Marine Terminal
Transfer Operations,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
C. E. Burklin, W. C. Micheletti, and J. S. Sherman. Aug
77,127p" RAD-77-100-139-02-11, EPA/450/3-77/
024
Contract EPA-68-01-4136
The loading and unloading of volatile hydrocarbon liq-
uids at marine terminals is known to be a source of hy-
drocarbon emissions. This report presents the results
of an indepth study for EPA to assess the effective-
ness of marine terminal emission control by modifica-
tion in operating procedures as an alternative to vapor
recovery systems. Topics addressed in the final report
include national marine transportation patterns of
crude oil and gasoline, projected patterns through
1985, marine terminal operations, sources of hydro-
carbon emissions, operational control technology, es-
timates of national hydrocarbon losses from marine
terminal operations, and potential emission reductions
resulting from applying modified operating procedures.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Air pollution, Air pollution
control, Crude oil, Gasoline, Snips, Loading proce-
dures, Barges, Unloading, Forecasting, Tends, Petro-
leum Industry, Sources, "Fugitive emissions.
PB-275 491/9 MF A01
Journal Articles on Information Science.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1975,11 p-in 3 articles
Consists of PB-275 492 thru PB-275 494.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Subject Indexing,
"Abstracts, "Libraries.
PB-275 492/7
(Order as PB-275 491, MF A01)
Computer Simulation of a Small Information
System,
Redstone Scientific Information Center, Redstone Ar-
senal, Ala.
Gus J. Caras. Apr 68,3p
Pub. in American Documentation, v19 n2 p120-122,
Apr 68. Prepared in cooperation with National Commu-
nicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Information
Science, PB-275 491.
This paper Illustrates how computer simulation tech-
niques can be used to simulate information systems. A
computer program for a small system was written in
GPSS III (a special simulation language) and run in
IBM-7090 Computer. The results obtained and the
types of conclusions drawn are briefly discussed.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Simulation, Librar-
ies, Services, User needs, Program effectiveness,
GPSS Programming language, Models, IBM-7090
computers, Reprints.
PB-275 493/5
(Order as PB-275 491, MF A01)
Indexing from Abstracts of Documents,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gus J. Caras. 27 Jul 67,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Documentation 8, p20-22
1968.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Information
Science, PB-275 491.
Two types of abstracts, Informative and indicative, as
well as entire documents were Investigated as to their
content of significant works for the selection of index
terms. The results Indicate that abstracts compare fa-
vorably with entire documents as sources of Index
terms. In the case of Informative abstracts, approxi-
mately 71% of the terms selected from documents
were also contained In their abstracts.
Keywords: "Abstracts, "Subject indexing, "Automatic
indexing, Words(Language), Computer applications,
Reprints.
284 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-275 494/3
(Order as PB-275 491, MF A01)
Information Activities In Support of the EPA Pesti-
cide Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
William C. Grosse. 5 Nov 75,5p
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences, v16 n1 p10-14 1976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Information
Science, PB-275 491.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is re-
sponsible for regulating the supply and use of pesti-
cides. The EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) is
Involved in (1) supply control via product registration,
(2) use control, (3) monitoring and hazard evaluation,
and (4) research and economic studies. Major informa-
tion activities in suppoort of these four activities are re-
viewed.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Pesticides, Regula-
tions, Control, Libraries, Reprints.
PB-275 495/0 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis.
Qroup 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1973,79p-in 12 articles
Consists of PB-275 496 thru PB-275 507.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB-275 496/8
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Electron Capture Qas Chromatographlc Analysis
of DDA: Utilization of 2-Chloroethanol Derivative,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. F. Cranmer, and M. F. Copeland. 1973,7p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v9 n3 p186-1921973.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
The electron capture gas Chromatographlc analysis of
DDA, the carboxylic acid metabolite of DDT, requires
we formation of a suitable volatile derivative. The
methyl ester has been utilized but had the unsatisfac-
tory characteristic of poor electron capture response.
This paper reports the utilization of the 2-chloroethanol
derivative In the electron capture gas Chromatographlc
analysis of DDA.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, Electron
capture, Gas chromatography, Insecticides, Chlorine
organic compounds, Reprints, 'Electron capture gas
chromatography, *DDA Insecticide, Acetic acid/
bis(chlorophenyls), Ethanol/chloro.
PB-276 497/6
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
A Sensitive Qas Chromatographlc Method for
Human Chollnesterase Determination,
environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
M. F. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 8 Feb 71, 7p
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, 57 p365-3711971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
A rapid and sensitive method Is described for the de-
termination of Chollnesterase. Plasma or red cells are
incubated with 3,3-dlmethylbutyl acetate as the sub-
strate. The reaction produce, 2,3-dlmethyl butanol, is
extracted into carbon disulflde and determined by
«LC. The method is suitable for the analysis of sam-
ples that are quite low in enzyme activity.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Cholinesterase in-
hibitors, 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, Performance
Valuation, Humans, Sensitivity, Samples, Blood anal-
ysis, Reprints, Enzyme activity.
pB-276 498/4
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
ysis of p.p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE Pesticide Reel-
by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectres-
gopy.
environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
Francis J. Biros. 12 Jan 70,4p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v53 n4 p733-736, Jul 70.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been
utilized for semiquantitative analysis and confirmation
of mixtures of p.p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. Several known
mixtures have been analyzed as well as pesticide resi-
dues Isolated from human adipose tissue of an occu-
pationally exposed individual and animal liver tissue
from rats dosed with p.p'-DDT. The relative error found
for the mole fractions of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE is
standard mixtures of these materials ranged from 0.5
to 4.1%, depending on the relative concentrations of
pesticides present. Gas chromatographic analyses
performed on the tissue extracts by electron capture
and electrical conductivity detection agreed well with
the results obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Nuclear magnetic res-
onance, 'Chemical analysis, Residues, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Concentrations(Composltlon),
Humans, Reprints, 'DDE insecticide, Ethylene/
bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro.
PB-275 499/2
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
A Comparatlvs Study of the Recovery of Metabo-
lized Radlolabeled Pesticides from Animal Tis-
sues,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Francis J. Biros, and Henry F. Enos. Aug 70,9p
Pub. In Pesticides Symposia, p75-82 Aug 70.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2. PB-275 495.
The Importance of determining the efficiency of an
analytical procedure for pesticide residue levels has
long been recognized by residue chemists. Biochem-
ists investigating the metabolic pathways of radiola-
beled pesticides in laboratory animals, however, fre-
quently report extraction efficiencies for certain sol-
vents and solvent systems as applied to the recoveries
of radioactive materials from certain tissues of interest.
The continuing development and evaluation of a ml-
croanalytlcal method for the determination of pesti-
cides and their metabolites in human and animal tls-
ery of these compounds. Dteldrin and p,p'-DDT ware
chosen for study. Experiments were conducted to pro-
vide Information concerning (a) the absolute recovery
of radiolabeled materials from the tissues examined
and (b) the percentage of radioactivity in the tissue ex-
tract being due to free or gas chromatographable pes-
ticide. A comparative study of the recovery of unla-
beled pesticides from human tissue samples was also
undertaken to valldly relate the recovery of these ma-
terials using several solvents and solvent systems.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Compari-
son, Isotope labeling, Animals, Tissue extracts, Per-
formance evaluation, Efficiency, Residues, Metabo-
lism, Dieldrin, ODT, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
prints.
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Pesticide Residue Analysis In Human Tlaaue by
Combined Gas Chromatography-Masa Spectrom-
etry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
Francis J. Biros, and Annita C. Walker. 23 Mar 70,5p
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vlS n3
0425-4291970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Pesticide residues in human adipose tissue and liver
tissue samples were Identified by mass spectrometry
coupled with gas chromatography. An extensive ex-
traction and cleanup procedure was adapted from ex-
isting analytical methods to separate pesticide resi-
dues from the tissue samples. Concentration of pesti-
cides In tissue ranged from 0.073 to 28.7 ppm. Mass
spectral data were computer-enhanced to identify
heptachlor epoxlde. Other pesticides confirmed includ-
ed the beta-isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohex-
ane (HCH), several isomers and metabolites of P,P'-
DDT, and dleldrln. Advantages, limitations, and sug-
gested modifications for Improving the combined gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry technique tor
pesticide residue analysis are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas
chromatography, 'Mass spectrometry, Residues,
Humans, Tissue extracts, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, DDT, Dieldrin, Reprints, Cyclohexane/hex-
achloro, Lindane.
PB-275 501/5
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
The Direct Determination of Cadmium In Biologi-
cal Samples by Selective Volatilization and Graph-
ite Tube Reservoir Atomic Absorption Spectrom-
etry,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Ralph T. Ross, and Jorge G. Gonzalez. 2 Aug 73,5p
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta, 70 p443-447 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
The biological influences of cadmium have been re-
viewed by Underwood and Frlberg et al. From an envi-
ronmental point of view. The metal is one of the most
dangerous of the atmospheric pollutants. The data re-
ported here for cadmium levels in urine and scrum indi-
cate a high potential for the direct application of atomic
absorption spectrometry In conjunction with the graph-
ite tube furnace (HGA) and a deuterium arc back-
ground corrector to biological samples. Its sensitivity,
simplicity and speed make this procedure by far supe-
rior to other previously reported analytical techniques
for the determination of this element.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Cadmium, Gas analy-
sis, Air pollution, Trace elements,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Dosage, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection, 'Atomic
absorption spectrometry.
PB-276 502/3
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
The Determination of Methyl Mercury In Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
R. T. Ross, and J. G. Gonzales. 1973,8p
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n3 p187-1921973.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Urinary and fecal (both bile and Intestinal mucosa)
routes of excretion are the most Important for the elimi-
nation of mercury. To date, the ost popular and widely
used method for determining alkyl mercuries in tissue
samples Is the WESTOO procedure. This paper de-
scribes a modification of the above procedure for the
determination of methyl mercury In urine employing a
cystelne acetate cleanup procedure and analysis
using te GLC-EG technique.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Urine, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Electron capture, Concentration(Compoaltlon),
Environmental surveys, Reprints, 'Mercury/methyl,
Electron capture detectors.
PB-276 603/1
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Enhancement of Maaa Spectral Data by Means of
a Time Averaging Computer,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Francis J. Biros. 9 Feb 70,4p
Pub. In Analytical Chemistry, v42 n4 p537-540, Apr 70.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Although mass spectrometry is In general one of the
most sensitive spectroscoplc tools available to the an-
alyst, frequently providing useful data on 1 mlcrogram
or less of material, In many cases it Is desirable to at-
tempt confirmation of gas chromatographic effluents
of known structure by this technique at concentration
levels of the nanogram range or less. A potentially im-
portant application In which such enhanced sensitivity
would be particularly useful Is pesticide residue analy-
sis since residues at picogram and nanogram level are
often encountered. The present communication de-
scribes the Interfacing of a small laboratory time aver-
aging computer with a combination gas chromato-
grapn-mass spectrometer, allowing repetitive scan-
ning and averaging of mass spectra peaks, subtraction
ol background peaks, normalization, and printout in
December 1983 285
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plotted form, and the applications of this system for the
confirmation of pesticide residues of known structure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Chemical analysis, 'Mass
spectroscopy, Concentration(Composition), Environ-
mental surveys, Residues, Performance evaluation,
Gas chromatography, Reprints, Computer aided analy-
sis.
PB-275 504/9
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Correlations between 31P n.m.r. Chemical Shift*
and Structures of Some Organophosphorus Pesti-
cides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Ralph T. Ross, and Francis J. Biros. 29 Apr 70,3p
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta, 52 pi 39-1411970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Several recent publications have described the useful-
ness of high-resolution proton magnetic resonance
(n.m.r.) for the elucidation of structure of phosphorus-
containing organic compounds used as pesticides. Be-
cause phosphorus n.m.r. is playing an ever-increasing
role In structure characterization and qualitative identi-
fication, of phosphorus compounds, the authors have
examined (31)P n.m.r. spectra of a series of organo-
phosphorus pesticidal compounds. Chemical shifts for
thirty-seven Organophosphorus pesticides have been
measured and correlated with the structures of nine
classes of these compounds. Empirical correlations
describing the relative effects which the atoms adja-
cent to phosphorus have on the chemical shifts are
given for some of these classes. These correlations
Between (31 )P n.m.r. shifts and structure are present-
ed for use in qualitative prediction.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Phos-
phorus organic compounds, 'Molecular structure,
Phosphorus isotopes, Reprints, 'Chemical
shift8(Nuclear magnetic resonance), Phosphorus 31.
PB-275 505/6
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Development of Sampling and Analytical Proce-
dure for Determining Hexachlorobenzene and
Hexachloro-1,3-butadlene In Air,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Jon B. Mann, Henry F. Enos, Jorge Gonzalez, and
John F. Thompson. 15 Jan 74,2p
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v8
p584, Jun 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
Chromosorb 101 efficiently trapped vapors of hexach-
lorobenzene (HCB) and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
(HCBD) from air at a sampling rate of 3 l./min. No loss
of efficiency was noted with sampling times of up to 3
hr. Increasing the sampling rate to 10 l./min. for 1 hr
decreased the efficiency by 20%. The method as de-
scribed has a detection limit of 28 ng of hexachloro-
benzene per cubic meter of air.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Gas detectors, 'Adsor-
bents, Air pollution, Chemical industry, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Chemical analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, "Benzene/hexachloro, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Electron capture gas chromatography, 'Butadi-
ene/hexachloro.
PB-275 506/4
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
Interfacing of an Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
tometer with a Qas-Uquld Chromatograph for the
Determination of Trace Quantities of Alkyl-Mer-
cury Compounds In Fish Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. G. Gonzalez, and R. T. Ross. 8 Sep 72,12p
Pub. in Analytical Letters 5(10) p683-6941972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
A rapid method for the determination of alkyl mercury
compounds in fish tissue is presented. The metliod is
based on gas-liquid chromatographic separation, com-
bustion of the column effluent in a furnace, and meas-
urement of the resulting atomic vapor by atomic ab-
sorption spectrophotometry.
Keywords: 'Mercury compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
'Gas chromatography, Fish, Tissue extracts, Trace
elements, Performance evaluation, Separation, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Reprints, 'Atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
PB-275 507/2
(Order as PB-275 495, MF A01)
The Determination of 4,4'-Thlodlphenol In Human
and Rat Urine as an Indication of Exposure to
Low Levels of Abate,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M.T.Shafik. 1970,6p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 n4 p311 -316 1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 2, PB-275 495.
A method for the determination of Abate in water has
been modified to determine the 4,4'-thiodiphenol in
human and rat urine. The method involves acid hy-
drolysis of conjugated residues, extraction, silylation,
cleanup, and gas chromatography using the flame
photometric detector equipped with a sulfur filter. The
method can be used for the determination of the other
Abate metabolites, 4,4'-sulfinyldiphenol and 4,4'-sul-
fonyldiphenol. The recovery of the 4,4'-thiodiphenol
from fortified human urine was 75-87%. The minimum
detectable amount is 0.02 ppm.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas
chromatography, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Sulfur organic compounds, Urine, Rats,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Abate, Phos-
phorothioic acid/thio-diphenylene-bis(0-O-(dimethyl-
esterj-thio).
PB-275 522/1 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Content of Platinum and Palladium In Rat Tissue:
Correlation of Tissue Concentration of Platinum
and Palladium with Biochemical Effects,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Biochem-
istry.
David J. Holbrook, Jr. Nov 77,21 p EPA/600/1-77/051
Grant EPA-Z804557-01
Platinum and palladium are used as the active compo-
nents in the catalytic converters of air pollution control
devices of motor vehicles. The use of these metals is
accompanied by the potential loss of platinum and pal-
ladium into the environment. This laboratory has been
involved in studies on the biochemical effects of these
metals. Data have been compiled on the platinum and
palladium content in six rat tissues after the dietary ad-
ministration of platinum or palladium salts. The plati-
num and palladium content in rat tissues does not
appear to correlate with the rates of weight gain of
rats, the organ weights, or the four parameters of drug
metabolism which were studied.
Keywords: 'Platinum, 'Palladium, 'Toxicology, Air pol-
lution, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Diets,
Ingestion(Biology), Tissues(Blology), Deposition, Me-
tabolism, Drugs, Biochemistry, Body weight, Dose rate,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Proteins, Metals,
Chemical bonds, 'Environmental health, Catalytic con-
verters, Air pollution control equipment, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-275 525/4 PC A22/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Third Edition. Part* A and B (Including Supple-
ments 1 through 7).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Aug 77,511 p' AP-42-ED-3-PTS-A/B
Previously announced as PB-273 438. See also re-
ports dated Feb 76, PB-284195 and PB-264 194.
Emission data obtained from source tests, material
balance studies, engineering estimates, etc., have
been compiled for use by Individuals and groups re-
sponsible for conducting air pollution emission inven-
tories. Emission factors given In this document, the
result of the expansion and continuation of earlier
work, cover most of the common emission categories:
fuel combustion by stationary and mobile sources;
combustion of solid wastes; evaporation of fuels, sol-
vents, and other volatile substances; various industrial
processes; and miscellaneous sources. When no spe-
cific source-test data are available, these factors can
be used to estimate the quantities of primary pollutants
(participates, CO, SO2, NOx, and hydrocarbons) being
released from a source or source group.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Inventories, Ex-
haust emissions, Motor vehicles, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Particles, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Solid
waste disposal, Evaporation, Process charting. Chemi-
cal industry, Food industry, Metal industry, Minerals,
Paper industry, Petroleum industry, 'Emission factors,
Fugitive emissions, Stationary sources, Light duty vehi-
cles, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-275 602/1 PC A03/MF A01
Techniques for Controlling Noise from Residential
Heat Pumps,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Dennis G. Ossenkop. 1977,41p" EPA/910/9-77/045
Attempting to reduce their use of fossil fuels, some
homeowners are using such systems as the residential
heat pump. Although this device is miserly with its con-
sumption of electricity, it is generally noisy, in fact,
noisy enough to violate state and city noise regula-
tions. A study was conducted to determine methods of
reducing the noise impact of residential heat pumps.
The purpose of this report is to present some noise
abatement methods that may be used to minimize
property line noise levels resulting from their oper-
ation.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Heat pumps,
'Noise reduction, Heating equipment, Noise pollution,
Enclosures.
PB-275 631/0
PC A06/MF A01
Water Quality Management Accomplishment*.
Compendium I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Dec 77,119p* EPA/440/3-77/026
The Water Quality Management Accomplishments,
Compendium I includes 58 brief case studies that doc-
ument programs and activities, developed through
WQM planning efforts, which have significant potential
for improving water quality. Cases are classified as
either accomplishments or performance indicators.
Accomplishments indicate programs which have been
formally adopted and are being implemented. Perform-
ance Indicators are WQM recommended programs
which have received some preliminary commitment
but have not reached the implementation stage. The
cases are examples of successful efforts by WQM
planning agencies to achieve implementation of out-
puts from the 208 program.
Keywords: *States(United States), 'Water quality
management, 'Regional planning, Project planning,
Improvement, Performance evaluation, Research proj-
ects, Methodology, Local government, State govern-
ment, National government, Sewage disposal, Waste
water, Monitoring, Ordinances, Government policies,
Runoff, Agriculture, Metals, Viruses, Licenses, 'Per-
formance indicators, Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-275 652/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Standard* of Performance for New Stationary
Source* - A Compilation as of August 1976. Final
rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Aug 76,340p EPA/340/1-76/009
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
See also PB-271 993.
This manual presents a compilation of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency Standards of Performance
for New Stationary Sources. Since their inception in
1971, the Standards of Performance for New Station-
ary Sources, commonly referred to as New Source
Performance Standards or NSPS, have undergone
considerable expansion and revision. This manual is
286 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
intended to serve as a convenient reference and
source of current information to those persons who will
be working with the NSPS regulations. The manual in-
cludes: the full text of the standards as they appear
now (August 1, 1976) with all revisions, corrections,
and additions added where applicable, a summary of
the emission standards for each source category cov-
ered under NSPS, and the full text of all revisions and
other Federal Register notices pertaining to the stand-
ards. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Manuals, *Air pollution control, Coal prep-
aration, Fertilizers, Inorganic phosphates, Standards,
Regulations, State government, Fossil fuels, Perform-
ance evaluation, Particles, Furnaces, Phosphoric acid,
Aluminum, Sewage treatment, Iron and steel industry,
Monitoring, Portland cement, Chemical industry, Nitric
acid, Sulfuric acid, Tests, Zinc, Copper, Lead(Metal),
Bronze, Bituminous concretes, Petroleum industry,
Refineries, Storage vessels, Smelters, Brass, Labora-
tory equipment, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, 'New source
performance standards, 'Stationary sources, Steam
generators, Procedures, Lead smelters, Copper smelt-
ers, Zinc smelters, *Air pollution sampling, Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-275 654/2 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Urban Stormwater Management and Technology:
Update and Users' Guide. Final rept. Jul 75-Jan 77,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
John A. Lager, William G. Smith, William G. Lynard,
Robert M. Finn, and E. John Finnemore. Sep 77,
333p* EPA/600/8-77/014
Contract EPA-68-03-2228
Supplement to report dated Dec 74, PB-240 687.
A continuation and reexamination of the state-of-the-
art of storm and combined sewer overflow technology
is presented. Essential areas of progress of the storm-
water research and development program are keyed
to the approach methodology and user assistance
tools available, Stormwater characterization, and eval-
uation of control measures. Results of the program are
visible through current and ongoing master planning
efforts. Assessment of urban runoff pollution Is refer-
enced to the developing national data base, localized
through selective monitoring and analysis, and quanti-
fied as to potential source and magnitude using tech-
niques ranging from simplified desktop procedures to
complex simulation models. Stormwater pollutants are
characterized by (1) source potential, (2) discharge
characteristics, (3) residual products, and (4) receiving
water impacts. Control and corrective measures are
separated into nonstructural, termed Best Manage-
ment Practices (BMPs), and structural alternatives.
Best Management Practices focus on source abate-
ment, whereas structural alternates roughly parallel
conventional wastewater treatment practices of end-
of-the-pipe correction. For combined sewer overflow
abatement, increasing degrees of structural control is
necessary. Successful program Implementation is II-
'ustrated for several selected case histories.
Keywords: *Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers, 'Over-
[lows, 'Urban areas, 'Reviews, Surface water runoff,
Waste water, Hydrology, Water quality, Sources, Moni-
toring, Cost effectiveness, Improvement, Storage
tanks, Mathematical models, Control equipment,
Storm water runoff, 'Urban hydrology, Best manage-
ment practices.
PB-275 655/9 PC A09/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Poultry Excreta Dehydration and Utilization:
System Development and Demonstration. Final
-...„.,! state Univ., East Lansing.
JJ- C. Zindel, T. S. Chang, C. J. Flegal, D. Polin, and C.
C. Sheppard. Nov 77,179p EPA/600/2-77/221
Grant EPA-S-802182-01-2
A manure
p manure handling and drying system involving caged
jayers with daily manure collection, air drying, and de-
hydration in a flash-type dryer has been studied. Ob-
jecttves of the study were to: (1) Develop a complete
manure handling system to maximize pollution control;
w determine optimum operating conditions; (3) mini-
m ze energy required of the system; (4) determine cer-
wwn mlcroblal and nutritional qualities of the dried prod-
•°|i (5) be adaptable to commercial poultry operations;
"w (6) determine the economics of the system.
Keywords: 'Animal wastes, 'Dehydration, 'Poultry,
'water pollution control, 'Air pollution control, 'Solid
waste disposal, Feces, Odor control, Materials han-
dling equipment, Chickens, Economic analysis, Drying,
Design criteria. Feeding stuffs, Dairy cattle, Proteins,
Fishes, Feasibility, 'Waste recycling, Manure, 'Poultry
industry.
PB-275 659/1 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources - A Compilation as of October 1, 1977.
Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Nov 77,422p EPA/340/1-77/015
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
See also report dated 15 Mar 77, PB-271 993.
The Federal regulations for control of air pollution
emissions from stationary sources, Standards of Per-
formance for New Stationary Sources (NSPS), are
continually being revised and new regulations added.
A handbook has been prepared which compiles these
regulations as well as the full text of all amendments
and proposed amendments. It will be revised and up-
dated periodically through supplements. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sources, 'Stand-
ards, Regulations, Enforcement, Handbooks, Revi-
sions, Combustion products, Tests, Stationary
sources, New Source Performance Standards, Air pol-
lution standards, Test methods.
PB-275 660/9 PC A03/MF A01
The Federal Regulation of Toxic Substances In
the Environment; an Annotated Bibliography,
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region II
Library.
John Denkowski. May 77,31 p*
The compilation is intended to provide a listing of
select materials relating to the Federal regulation of
toxic substances in the environment. Special empha-
sis Is placed on the recently enacted Toxic Substances
Control Act and on toxic chemical substances In gen-
eral; materials dealing with pesticides and hazardous
wastes are also included, but to a limited extent. This
bibliography does not cover radioactive materials, food
and drug additives, or cosmetics.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Toxicity, 'Regulations,
'Hazardous materials, *Law( Jurisprudence), Ab-
stracts, National government, Legislation, Environ-
ments, Chemical compounds, Pesticides, Wastes,
'Toxic substances, Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB-275 662/6 PC A03/MF A01
Control of Refinery Vacuum Producing Systems,
Wastewater Separators and Process Unit Turnar-
ounds. Guideline series rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Kent C. Hustvedt, and Robert A. Quaney. Oct 77,50p
EPA/450/2-77/025, OAQPS-1.2-081
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from refinery vacuum produc-
ing systems, wastewater separators and process unit
turnarounds. This guidance includes equipment speci-
fications for vacuum producing systems and
wastewater separators, and operating procedures for
process unit turnarounds, all of which represent rea-
sonably available control technology (RACT). An ex-
ample cost analysis for evaluating the cost effective-
ness of these refinery controls is also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Hydro-
carbons, Petroleum products, Cost analysis, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Organic compounds,
Sources, Vacuum apparatus, Design criteria, Waste
waters, Separators, Emission factors, Air water inter-
faces, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-27S 666/2 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Collection Media for Low Levels of
Airborne Pesticides,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
John W. Rhoades, and Donald E. Johnson. Oct 77,
140p EPA/600/1-77/050
Contract EPA-68-02-2235
See also report dated May 72, PB-214 008.
Polyurethane foam plugs, Chromosorb 102, andTenax
GC have all been found to be better sorbents than cot-
tonseed oil for high volume collection of airborne
chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides and poly-
chlorinated biphenyls. None of these were satisfactory
for the recovery of carbofuran or carbaryl. A new high
volume collecting module concept capable of use with
polyurethane foam, porous polymer beads, liquid
coated glass beads, or other solids was developed.
The entire collector is Soxhlet extracted and no disas-
sembly Is required. The collector-extractor is ready for
reuse as soon as residential solvent Is removed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Gas analysis, 'Gas detectors,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Gas chro-
matography, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Compositlon), Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Foam, Polyurethane resins,
Sorbents, Air pollution, Chlorine organic compounds,
Organic phosphates, Carbamates, Samplers, Air pol-
lution detection, 'Air pollution sampling, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, Chromosorb 102, Tenax-GC resins.
PB-276 670/8 PC A15/MF A01
Structure-Activity Correlations In Studies of Tox-
Iclty and Bloconcentratlon with Aquatic Orga-
nisms,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Standing Committee on
the Scientific Basis for Water Quality Criteria.
Gilman D. Veith, and Dennis E. Konasewlch. 1975,
329p
Proceedings of a Symposium held in Burlington, Ontar-
io at the Canada Center for Inland Waters, March 11-
13,1975.
The publication presents the proceedings of a sympo-
sium which discussed the potential of structure-activity
correlations In studies of toxicity and bioconcentratlon
of chemicals with aquatic organisms. The symposium
consisted of formal papers-on the applications of
structure-activity models in laboratory testing as well
as models concerned with the problems of multiple
toxicity and periodic exposures.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicity, Molecular structure,
Ecology, Distribution, Exposure, Mathematical models,
Fishes, Pesticides, Toxicology, Surfactants, Daphnla,
Accumulation, DDT, Aquatic biology, Phenol, Organic
compounds, Chemical properties, 'Toxic substances,
'Bloaccumulation, Analytical methods, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Anlmals).
PB-276 674/0 PC A23/MF A01
North American Pro|ect-A Study of U.S. Water
Bodies. (A Report for the Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Development). Final rept.,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Les Seyb, and Karen Randolph. Jul 77,548p EPA/
600/3-77/086
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and De-
velopment, an Independent International organization
for promotion of economic development In member
countries, is concerned with both the qualitative and
quantitative aspects of economic growth. The Environ-
ment Committee of OECD Is assisted by a number of
delegate groups concerned with policy development in
specific sectors of the overall environmental problem.
One of these groups Is the Water Management Sector
Group, which in 1971 established a Steering Group on
Eutrophlcatlon Control to develop a series of coopera-
tive projects for monitoring eutrophlcation In inland
waters. The overall objective of these projects was the
achievement of comparability on nutrient budgets,
chemical balances, and biological productivity in water
bodies. In the United States 22 waterbodles were in-
cluded in the program. Final reports on the limnology
of each have been compiled by the United States in-
vestigators and are contained in this publication.
Keywords: 'Primary biological productivity, 'Limno-
logy, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Lake Weir, Water
quality management, Monitoring, Shagawa Lake, Lake
Mlnnetonka, Lake George, New York, Cayuga Lake,
December 1983 287
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Canadarago Lake, Waldo Lake, Oregon, Lake Wash-
ington, Lake Sammamish, Lake Mendota, Lake
WTngra, Wisconsin, Potomac Estuary, Ohio, Twin
Lakes, Minnesota, Nevada, Maryland, Virginia, Califor-
nia, North Carolina, Lake Tahoe, Lake Michigan, Mfchi-
Pan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Washlngton(State),
lorida, 'Eutrophication, "Water
management(Applied), Trophic level,
Minneapolis(Minnesota), John H Kerr Reservoir.
PB-275 6SO/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Survey of Chemical Factors In Saglnaw Bay (Lake
Huron). Final rept. 1974-75,
Cranbrook Inst. of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Mich.
V. E. Smith, K. W. Lee, J. C. Filkins, K. W. Hartwell, and
K. R. Rygwelski. Oct 77,161p EPA/600/3-77/125
Grant EPA-R-802685
Water quality in Saginaw Bay, Michigan (western Lake
Huron) was surveyed during 32 cruises in 1974 and
1975, as part of the International Joint Commission's
Upper Lakes Reference Study co-sponsored by the
United States and Canada. Goals of the study were to
establish a base of water quality information and to
provide data required to model biological and hydrolo-
gical processes in the bay. Sampling and in situ moni-
toring were conducted at 18-day intervals during April -
October (coinciding with Landsat satellite passes) and
approximately at monthly intervals during November -
March. Samples were collected from several depth
levels at 59 stations in 1974 and at 37-statlon subset
of these 59 stations in 1975. Measurements included:
temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, chloride,
pH alkalinity, Secchi depth, chlorophylls, nitrate and
phosphate, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, organ-
ic carbon, total solids and major metals. Additional di-
urnal or dally sampling was conducted at selected sta-
tions.
Keywords: 'Surveys, 'Saginaw Bay, Sampling, Tem-
perature, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Conductivity, Spa-
ceborne photography, Concentration(Composition),
Chloride, pH, Alkalinity, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Water pollution, Tables(Data), Stand-
ards, Trends, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Carbon organic compounds, Solids,
Metals, Lake Huron, Michigan, 'Water quality, LAND-
SAT-2 satellite.
PB-275 685/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Revision of Emission Factors for Petroleum Refin-
ing. Final rapt.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
C. E. Burklln. Oct 77,85p* EPA/450/3-77/030
Contract EPA-68-02-1889
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-264 194.
The refinery air pollutant emission factors presently
contained in Section 9.1 of AP-42, A Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors are primarily based on the
results of the Los Angeles Joint Project conducted
from 1955 to 1958. Since that time there have been
many process and equipment developments in the pe-
troleum refining industry. There have also been sever-
al individual and control agency emission testing pro-
grams for refinery emission sources. This report pre-
sents the results of an in-depth study to revise and
update the emission factors and process descriptions
presented in AP-42 for the petroleum refining industry.
The revisions were to be made only using available in-
formation. A testing strategy was also developed for
testing refinery emission sources where further source
testing is warranted.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Petroleum industry, 'Air pollu-
tion, Revisions, Process charting, Design criteria, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Cost
analysis, Technology, Tests, Equipment, Performance
evaluation, "Emission factors, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB-275 700/3 CP T03
Valley Modal Computer Program. Model-Simula-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Dtv.
Ed Burt, and Jerry Mersch. Sep 77, mag tape EPA/DF-
78/002
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tape(s) can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-274 054. Also
available as punched cards.
The Valley Model Computer Program is an analytical
'echnique whose primary use is for estimating the
upper limits of 24-hour average pollutant concentra-
tions due to isolated sources in rural, complex
terrain...Software Description: The simulation model is
written in the Fortran programming language for imple-
mentation on a UNIVAC 1110 computer using the
EXEC 8 operating system. 56K 36-bit words of core
storage is required to operate the model. The User's
Manual, Valley Model User's Guide, is also available
separately from NTIS as PB-274 054, at $6.50 per
copy.
Keywords: 'Model-simulation, 'Air pollution, Fortran,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Magnetic tapes, "Gaussian plume models,
VALLEY computer program, UNIVAC-1110 comput-
ers, VALLEY model.
PB-275 701/1 CP T03
Single Source (CRSTER) Model Computer Pro-
grams. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Dlv.
RUBS Lee, and Jerry Mersch. 1977, mag tape EPA/DF-
78/004
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tape(s) can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products If you have ques-
tions. Also available as punched, cards. Price includes
documentation, PB-271 360.
The Single Source (CRSTER) Model contains two
computer programs designed to simulate atmospheric
dispersion processes for the purpose of calculating
ambient concentration levels of atmospheric contami-
nants. It is used primarily in simulating the behavior of
stack effluents from combustion sources...Software
Description: The model is written in the Fortran pro-
gramming language for implementation on a UNIVAC
1110 computer using the EXEC 8 operating system.
40K 36-bit words of core storage is required to operate
the model. The User's Manual is available from NTIS
separately as PB-271 360 at $11.00 per copy.
Keywords: 'Model-simulation, 'Air pollution, Comput-
erized simulation, Magnetic tapes, Fortran, Atmos-
pheric motion, Concentratlon(Composltlon), "Air qual-
ity, CRSTER model, UNIVAC-1110 computers, Gaus-
sian plume models.
PB-276 713/6 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Ths Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide Initiated Bron-
choconstrlctlon. Final rept. 1 Sep 75-31 Aug 76,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, N.C. Lab. of Envi-
ronmental Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Jeffrey M. Charles, and Daniel B. Menzel. Oct 77,126p
EPA/600/1-77/046
Contract EPA-68-02-1794
Atmospheric sulfur oxides exist in chemically complex
particulates of the resplrable size range. Inhalation of
these particulates represents a potential health
hazard. This report provides the results of a series of
experiments Into the uptake of sulfate salts by the
lung, the interaction of sulfate salts with specific hor-
monal systems in the lung and the potential interrela-
tions between sulfate and heavy metal aerosols as
they might exist in the environment. The data reported
describe for the first time the uptake and elimination ki-
netics of sulfate ion in mammalian lungs. The release
of histamine by sulfate salts is demonstrated as a po-
tential mechanism of action and as a means by which
the varying potency of different chemical salts of sulfu-
ric acid may be explained. In sum, these studies illus-
trate that sulfate aerosols can not be considered inde-
pendent of the other inorganic compounds found in re-
spirable particles.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, 'Lung, 'Respira-
tory system, Particles, Respiration, Bonchi,
Absorption(Biology), Pathophysiology, Histamlnes, In
vitro analysis, Guinea pigs, In vivo analysis, Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Clearances, Ammonium sulfate, Ex-
perimental data, Physiological effect, Toxicology, 'Air
pollution effects(Animals), Synergism, Irritant com-
pounds, Environmental health.
PB-275 721/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Sulfur Contain-
ing Molecules and Radicals. Final rept.,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Sidney W. Benson. Nov 77, 58p EPA/600/3-77/127
The relevant thermochemistry of sulfur oxides is dis-
cussed, and selected 'best' thermochemical values for
use in kinetic systems are presented. Although the ki-
netics of air pollution and combustion involve mostly
homogeneous gas phase reactions, the data taken
from condensed phases were also considered. This
was accomplished by using empirical rules that were
used to translate condensed phase values to equiva-
lent gas phase values. All available research through
1976 on the thermochemistry of organic and relevant
inorganic sulfur containing molecules and radicals is
reviewed. Some significant or controversial kinetic
steps important in air pollution chemistry and combus-
tion are examined. The thermochemistry of divalent,
tetravalent, and hexavalent sulfur compounds, the rel-
evant bond strengths of radicals, and the kinetics of
oxidation processes are discussed. The entropy and
heat of formation measured experimentally or estimat-
ed are presented for selected sulfur molecules and
radicals.
Keywords: 'Sulfur inorganic compounds, 'Sulfur or-
ganic compounds, "Reaction kinetics, 'Thermoche-
mistry, 'Air pollution, Oxidation, Combustion, Entropy,
Heat of formation, Chemical bonds, Chemical reac-
tions, Dissociation energy, Homogeneous reactions.
PB-275 763/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Development of Revised Light-Duty-Vehicle Emis-
sion - Average Speed Relationships,
Olson Labs,, Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Malcolm Smith, and Tom Aldrich. Aug 77,252p EPA/
460/3-77/011
Contract EPA-68-03-2222
This report presents the results entitled 'Development
of Revised Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Average
Speed Relationships.' The two-fpld purpose of the pro-
gram was (1) to perform a statistical analysis of the GM
chase-car data, and (2) to establish regressions of fuel
consumption and emissions on average speed over
driving cycles generated from combined GM and
CAPE-10 data. Ten cycles were selected at each of 11
nominal speeds ranging from 5 mph to 55 mph. Hot-
start estimates of HC, CO, NOx (all in units of grams
per mile), and fuel consumption (in units of miles per
gallon) over each of the cycles were obtained for each
of 18 model-year groups. The emissions and fuel con-
sumption estimates were regressed on average speed
to yield the desired emission-average speed relation-
ship for each model-year group. The equations were
then normalized to 19.6 mph, the average speed over
the FTP cycle, to yield correction-factor equations.
Groups were combined to give composite correction-
factor equations for 1975 vehicle population in low-alti-
tude cities and for 1974 vehicle population in high-alti-
tude cities.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption, Statistical analysis, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Revisions, "Light
duty vehicles, Fuel economy.
PB-275 840/7 MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Stationary source enforcement series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Enforcement.
Dec 76, 568p EPA/340/1-76/010
Microfiche copies only.
The information listed in this report was produced by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Compli-
ance Data System (CDS) which is operated and main-
tained by the Agency's regional offices and the Office
of Enforcementln headquarters. The facilities listed do
288 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
not represent a complete listing of all facilities subject
to Federally-approved or promulgated air pollution reg-
ulations but do represent a reasonably complete listing
of large sources Identified to date by the States and
EPA. There are three parts to this listing: Major air pol-
lution facilities subject to state implementation plan
(SIP) requirements; Air pollution facilities subject to
Federal new source performance standards (NSPS);
and, air pollution facilities subject to Federal hazard-
ous pollutant emission requirements (NESHAPS).
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Regional planning,
•Industrial wastes, Standards, Facilities, Tables(Data),
State government, Sources, New Source performance
standards, * Air quality, SIC numbers.
PB-275 847/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Winter Currant* In Lake Huron. Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Ann Arbor, Mich. Great Lakes Environmental Re-
search Lab.
James H. Savior, and Gerald S. Miller. Dec 76,120p
NOAA-TM-ERL-GLERL-15, NOAA-77112304,, EPA/
905/4-75-004
Report contributes to the International Joint Commis-
sion Upper Lakes Reference Study.
Twenty-one current meter moorings were deployed in
Lake Huron during winter 1974-75. The moorings were
set in November 1974 and retrieved approximately 6
months later. The stations were configured on a
coarse grid to measure the lake-scale circulation
during winter. Water temperature was also recorded in
nearly all of the 65 current meters deployed. Results
reveal a strong cyclonic flow pattern In the Lake Huron
Basin persisting throughout the winter. The observed
winter circulation was in essence very similar to what Is
now believed to be the summer circulation of epilim-
nion water, although the winter currents penetrated to
deeper levels in the water column and were more in-
tense. Analyses of energetic wind stress Impulses
reveal the prevailing wind directions that drive the
dominant circulations.
Keywords: 'Lake Huron, 'Circulation, Lake waves, Air
water interactions, Winter, Flowmeters, Moorings,
Temperature measurement, Water masses, Deep
water, Density(Mass/volume), Wind pressure, Ice,
Limnology, Great Lakes, "Lake currents.
PB-275 862/1 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Niagara Frontier Emission Inventory, 1975. Partlo-
utote Matter and Sulfur Dloxkte Point and Area
pourc* Inventories for Erie and Niagara Counties
in New York. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, Va.
28 Oct 77,2460 EPA/902/4-77/004
Contract EPA-88-02-1380
See also Volume 7, PB-240 659.
Engineering-Science assisted the New York State De-
partment of Environmental Conservation (DEC) In up-
dating their existing point and area source air pollutant
emission Inventories of paniculate matter and sulfur
dioxide for Erie and Niagara Counties. Major point
sources (greater than 26 tons per year of particulates
or sulfur dioxide) were comprehensively analyzed
^ng DEC data at their Buffalo office. ES obtained ad-
araonal Information required to complete the updates
'rom questionnaires sent to plant representatives. The
updated inventory for major sources represents
normal point source operation, with separate account-
ing for unusual operating conditions during calendar
year 1975. Control equipment downtime was consid-
ered in developing 1976 emission levels, ES updated
minor point sources with the assistance of the DEC
JJJta management computer system edit program
which identifies missing or suspect data based on pre-
wtermined discriminator limits. In developing area
source parameters and allocation procedures, ES
made use of the methodologies described In Volumes
1 through 13 of the EPA Guideline Series for AQMA
""•lysis. ES and the DEC jointly conducted a survey of
*"•! dealers and prime suppliers. In addition to the de-
velopment of area source values for subcounty areas,
ts recommended appropriate emission factors to the
EPA for their use In estimating emissions.
Keywords: "Inventories, "Particles, "Sulfur dioxide,
Regional planning, Sources, New York, Management
planning, Air pollution, Data acquisition, Tables(Data),
Point sources, Stationary sources, "Air quality mainte-
nance, Erie County(New York), Niagara County(New
York).
PB-275 886/0 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Washington, Water
Year 1976. Volume 1. Western Washington. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 75-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, Wash. Water Resources
Div.
Oct 77,417p USGS/WRD/HD-77/058, USGS/WDR-
WA-76/1
See also report dated Aug 76, PB-259197.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for
Washington, consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells and springs. This report, in two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 248 gaging stations; stage
only records Tor 3 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 44 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 124 sta-
tions, and 8 lakes; and water levels for 108 observa-
tion wells. Also Included are 172 crest-stage partial-
record stations. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating state and Federal
agencies in Washington.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Washlngton(State),
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reser-
voirs, Observation wells, Temperature, Water analysis,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Water levels, "Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-275 887/8 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Oats for Washington, Water
year 1976. Volume 2. Eastern Washington. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, Wash. Water Resources
Div.
Oct 77,356p USGS/WRD/HD-77/059, USGS/WDR/
WA-76/2
See also Volume 1, PB-275 866.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for
Washington, consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells ana springs. This report, In two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 248 gaging stations; stage
only records Tor 3 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 44 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 124 sta-
tions, and 8 lakes; and water levels for 108 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 172 crest-stage partial-
record stations. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating state and federal
agencies in Washington.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, 'Washlngton(State),
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reser-
voirs, Observation wells, Temperature, Water analysis,
Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Water levels, "Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-276 880/4 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year
1978. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 75-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. Water Re-
19TM05P USGS/WDR/AK-76/1, USGS/WRD/HD-
77/043
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-264 228.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for
Alaska consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and water quality of
lakes; and water levels and water quality in wells and
springs. This report contains discharge records for 102
gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging sta-
tions-water quality for 71 stations; and water levels for
24 observation wells. Also included are 91 crest-stage
partial-record stations and 28 water-quality partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements of discharge, lake stage, or water qual-
ity. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating state and Federal agencies in
Alaska.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Alaska, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
"Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-275 918/1 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Biology.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1965,84p-ln 15 articles
Consists of PB-275 919 thru PB-275 933.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Pesticides.
PB-275 919/9
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Spontaneous Malignant Gastric Tumor In a
Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta),
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Renate Kimbrough. 4 Nov 65,4p
Pub. in Archives of Pathology, v81 p343-346, Apr 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
A microscopically unusual, malignant neoplasm of the
stomach that had developed spontaneously in an old
female Rhesus monkey is reported. It was concluded
that this tumor represented a carcinoma in which
highly anaplastic cellular elements were intermixed
with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. A great
deal of stromal proliferation was also observed in
many areas of the tumor, such as is characteristic for a
scirrhous carcinoma. The neoplasm had invaded the
stomach wall and the tumor cells showed all criteria of
malignancy, but metastases were not found, which is
unusual for a tumor this size. It was felt that the neo-
plasm had developed spontaneously since there is no
evidence that exposures to poliomyelitis or pesticides
influenced the development of cancer in this monkey.
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, "Monkeys, "Labo-
ratory animals, Insecticides, Pesticides, DDT, Pathol-
ogy, Stomach, Reprints, "Cancer, Macaca mulatta,
Rhesus monkeys, Comparative pathology.
PB-275 920/7
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Seasonal Neonatal Hyperblllrublnemls.
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
1969,5p
Pub. In Pediatrics, v43 n4 p60i -605, Apr 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
A seasonal variation in the Incidence of neonatal non-
hemolytic, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia has been
observed In a small, predominantly agricultural com-
munity. A total of 3,096 records, representing all new-
borns delivered during a 4-year period (1963-1966) in
one local hospital and during an overlapping 3-year
period (1964-1966) in another, were reviewed.
Keywords: "Jaundice, Biliary system diseases. Infants,
Seasonal variations, Etiology, Pesticides,
Tables(Data), Sex, Reprints, 'Hyperbilirubinemia,
Race, "Environmental health.
PB-275 921/5
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Determination of Chollnesterase by an Automated
pH Stat Method,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Dale P. Nabb, and Florence Whltfleld. 17 Apr 67,8p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, V15 pl47-
154, Aug 67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
This report describes the method used and some ki-
netics of the Chollnesterase determination In the dog,
December 1983 289
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rabbit, rat, and man. The method provides a well de-
fined and precise measurement of the effects of or-
ganophosphate insecticides upon these species,
which heretofore could be estimated only approxi-
mately in lexicological experiments.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Insecticides, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Pesticides, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Enzymes, Measurement, Temperature, pH,
Humans, Dogs, Rabbits, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints.
PB-27S 922/3
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
A Comparative Study of the Recovery of Metabo-
lized Radlolabelled Pesticides from Animal Tis-
sues,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Francis J. Biros, and Henry F. Enos. 1968,1p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 37(7) p514,
Jul68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
The continuing development and evaluation ol a mi-
croanalytical method for the determination of pesti-
cides and their metabolites in human and animal tis-
sues prompted an investigation of the absolute recov-
ery of these compounds. This relationship between the
amount of pesticides actually present in animal tissue
and the amount extracted by several solvents and sol-
vent systems has now been determined for a variety of
tissues. Data will be presented comparing extraction
efficiencies of hexane and chlorofornrmetnanol in re-
covering C14 labelled DDT and dieldrin from the tis-
sues of rats and rabbits dosed with these pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Labora-
tory animals, Solvent extraction, Tissues(Biology), La-
beled substances, Radioactive isotopes, Reprints, Me-
tabolites, Analytical methods.
PB-275 923/1
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Detection of Atypical Cholinesterase by an Auto-
mated pH Stat Method, Report of a Family with
Both Atypical and Silent Gene Alleles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Thomas M. Ashby, Joseph E. Suggs, and Danny L.
Jue. 8 Apr 70,4p
Pub. in Clinical Chemistry, v16 n6 p503-5061970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Plasma pseudocholinesterase has no known physio-
logical role but is essential for the rapid degradation of
succinylcholine, a muscle relaxant used in surgical
procedures. Depression of effective enzyme concen-
trations as a result of hepatocellular disease or expo-
sure to anticholinesterase agents will increase the pa-
tient's sensitivity to succinylcholine and prolong post-
operative apnea. Synthesis of this enzyme is con-
trolled by an autosomal gene with multiple variant al-
leles; individuals phenotypically homozygotic for one
of these variants will have either qualitatively 'atypical'
pseudocholinesterase with decreased activity or no
enzyme at all, and will thus be more sensitive to suc-
cinylcholine. The automated pH stat system described
here detects atypical Cholinesterase by measuring the
degree of inhibition of butyrylcholine hydrolysis by di-
bucaine.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Cholinesterase, Ge-
netics, Enzymes, Tables(Data), Families, Abnormali-
ties, Reprints, Analytical methods.
PB-275 924/9
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Estimation of the Acetylcholine Levels In Brain
Tissue by Gas Chromatography of Acetic Add,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Morris F. Cranmer. 5 Jul 68,6p
Pub. in Life Sciences, v7p995-1000 1968.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
The accurate determination of acetylcholine in mam-
malian brain is of interest to the pharmacologist study-
ing the effects of organo-phosphate insecticides as
well as other agents which may alter normal levels of
this amine. The paper describes a method which fur-
ther simplifies the analysis of acetylcholine by circum-
venting the reduction step and determining directly the
acetic acid derived from acetylcholine.
Keywords: 'Acetylcholine, 'Chemical analysis, Cho-
lines, Acetic acid, Brain, Solvent extraction,
Tables(Data), Tissues(Biology), Gas Chromatography,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Reprints,
Analytical methods.
PB-275 925/6
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
The Identification of Five Unreported Llndane Me-
tabolites Recovered from Rat Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
R. W. Chadwick, and J. J. Freal. 1972,10p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v7 n2/3 p137-146 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Previously unreported metabolites from the urine of
rats fed lindane have been identified as 3,4-dichloro-
phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-
phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,3,4,5,6-pen-
tachloro-2-cyclohexen-1-ol. While the 3,4-dichloro-
phenol is a minor metabolite, the others are excreted
in greater quantities than either 2,3,5- or 2,4,5-trichlor-
opnenol, previously identified lindane metabolites. The
excretion of tetrachlorophenols and PCCOL require a
revision in the currently accepted theory regarding the
metabolism of lindane by mammals.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Insecticides, 'Pesti-
cides, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Identifying, Rats,
Urine, Experimental data, Laboratory animals,
Tables(Data), Diet, Metabolism, Isolation,
Ingestion(Biology), Excretion, Metabolites, 'Lindane,
Reprints.
PB-27S 926/4
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Lymphocyte Chromosome Analysis of Agricultur-
al Workers during Extensive Occupational Expo-
sure to Pesticides,
Idaho State Dept. of Environmental and Community
Services, Boise.
Julie Yoder, Michael Watson, and W. W. Benson. 4 Jun
73,6p
Contract EPA-68-02-0552
Pub. in Mutation Research, 21 p335-3401973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Lymphocyte cultures from 42 pesticide applicators and
16 controls were scrutinized for chromosomal aberra-
tions during the midwinter ebb in pesticide spraying
operating, and again during the peak summer period of
intense spraying activity. Cultures prepared from the
exposed individuals during the heavy spraying period
showed a marked increase in the frequency of chro-
matid lesions. This trend was especially noticeable
among workers exposed primarily to herbicides. A few
chromatid exchange figures were also noted among
the exposed group. Afso discussed is the need for
better methods of estimating the potential mutagenic
threat, ff any, of such observed clastogenicity.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Pesticides, 'Chro-
mosome abnormalities, Exposure, Lymphocytes,
Cultures(Biology), Humans, Genetics, Mutations,
Tables(Data), Seasonal variations, Agricultural work-
ers, 'Occupational safety and health, Reprints, Cyto-
genetics.
PB-275 927/2
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Quality Control In the Measurement of Blood Cho-
linesterase Activities Among Persons Exposed to
Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
William F. Serat, and Donald C. Mengle. 1973,4p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v9 n1 p24-27, Jan 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Over the past several years considerable attention has
sonnel exposed to pesticides. Many attempts have
been made to use infrequent or periodic blood Cholin-
esterase activity measurements as a means of esti-
mating adverse exposure to anticholinesteratic materi-
als-attempts that, for a variety of reasons often fail to
detect any altered status of pesticide workers' health,
However, field studies, despite some pitfalls in experi-
mental design, have shown conclusively that farm la-
borers do suffer depressed levels of Cholinesterase
activity incurred during the course of their normal em-
ployment.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Pesticides, Cholinester-
ase inhibitors, Enzymes, Esterases, Humans, Quality
control, Blood chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Expo-
sure, Measurement, Reprints, Agricultural workers.
PB-275 928/0
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
A Method for the Determination of 1-Naphthol In
Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
M. T. Shafik, H. C. Sullivan, and H. F. Enos. 1971,6p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v6 n1 p34-39 1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Humans exposed industrially to the insecticide car-
baryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) excrete relative-
ly large quantities of 1-naphthol conjugated either as
the sulfate or glucuronide. A colorimetric procedure is
generally used to quantitatively determine 1-naphthol
in human urine. However, this method lacks both the
sensitivity and specificity necessary for determining
the relatively small amounts of 1 -naphthol excreted In
the urine of agricultural workers exposed to low levels
of carbaryl. The object of this investigation was to de-
velop a rapid, sensitive method for the determination
of 1-naphthol in human urine.
Keywords: 'Naphthols, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides,
'Chemical analysis, Humans, Urine, Naphthalene
compounds, Phenols, Tables(Data), Experimental
data, Methodology, 'Urinalysis, Reprints.
PB-275 929/8
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
A Critical Study of the Manometrlc Assay of Cho-
linesterase In Rat Blood,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert F. Witter. 1 Sep 61,11 p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v4 n3
p313-323, May 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
A study was made of the conditions necessary for the
quantitative assay of the erythrocyte and plasma chc-
linesterases of the rat by the Warburg manometric
method. Butyrylcholine, acetyl-beta-methylcholine,
and acetylcholine were tested as substrates, but only
acetylcholine proved satisfactory. The level of the red
cell Cholinesterase did not change with age of the rat.
The erythrocytes were found to contain an esterase
which hydrolyzes butyrylcholine. In confirmation of
other workers, it was found that the plasma Cholines-
terase levels of female rats increase with age and are
higher than those of male rats of all ages and that the
plasma of male animals contains an approximately
equal mixture of true and pseudocholinesterase
whereas that of female rats contains mainly pseudo-
cholinesterase.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Chemical analysis, As-
saying, Blood chemical analysis, Manometers, En-
zymes, Rats, Laboratory animals, Tables(Data), Ester-
ases, Hydrolases, Age, Reprints.
PB-275 930/6
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
A Simplified Version of the Michel Method for
Plasma or Red Cell Cholinesterase,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
R. F. Witter, Linda M. Grubbs, and W. L. Farrior. 2 Apr
65,3p
Pub. in Clinica Chlmica Acta, 13 p76-78 1966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
A modification of the Michel method for red cell or
plasma Cholinesterase has been developed. In this
method, the initial pH reading is omitted, and the
290 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
enzyme reaction is started by adding a mixture of
buffer and acetylcholine to the diluted sample. The re-
sults are identical to those obtained by the Michel
method, but twice as many samples can be analyzed
within a given length of time.
Keywords: 'Chlolinesterase, 'Chemical analysis,
Blood chemical analysis, Erythrocytes, Blood plasma,
Enzymes, Esterases, Experimental data, pH, Reprints,
Reagents.
PB-275 931/4
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Guidance for Safety Testing of Baculovlruses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Aug 75,6p
Pub. in Baculovlruses for Insect Pest Control, p179-
1841975.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
The following guidance summarizes the data presently
required by the Agency to show the safety of nuclear
polyhedrosis and granulosis virus Insecticides. When
testing the safety of insect viruses, primary emphasis
must be given to their pathogenicity and not to their
toxiclty. Pathogenicity is the capability of the microor-
ganism to infect or reproduce, or to cause overt or
covert changes, In animals or animal tissue other than
target insects. Toxicity means that microorganisms,
and/or their by-products, harm the test animal without
actual multiplication such as in certain adverse immun-
ologlcal reactions.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Insect control, 'Pest control,
Guidelines, Exposure, Safety, Dosage, Experimental
data, Skin(Anatomy), Toxicity, Pathology,
Eye(Anatomy), Tests, Respiration, Tissues(Biology),
Cultures(Biology), Monitors, Sensitizing, Animals,
Birds, Plants(Botany), Reprints, Biological pest control,
'Insect viruses.
PB-275 932/2
(Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Comparative Stimulation of gamma HCH Metabo-
H»m by Pretreatment of Rate with gamma HCH,
DDT, and DDT + gamma HCH,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Cranmer, and A. J. Peoples. 18
Jun70,11p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 18,
P685-6951971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology, PB-275 918.
Pretreatment of rats with gamma HCH, DDT, and DDT
+ gamma HCH accelerates the metabolism of gamma
HCH. A single oral dose of 14C gamma HCH was ad-
ministered to all animals after 2 wk of pretreatment.
The treated rats excreted significantly more radioactiv-
ity and stored significantly less 14C gamma HCH than
the control animals. In addition to significantly larger
livers, the treated rats exhibited higher cytochrome P-
450 content and greater in vitro enzyme activity than
the control animals. The self-induction of gamma HCH
metabolism, which has not previously been reported,
could be of major importance in establishing a steady-
state relationship between exposure and storage of
such pesticides by mammals. Both quantitative and
qualitative differences In gamma HCH metabolism are
observed between the treated groups of rats. DDT pre-
treatment results In a 35% higher excretion of radioac-
tivity than gamma HCH pretreatment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity,
Interactions, Laboratory animals, Rats, Metabolism,
Experimental data, Chlorine organic compounds,
Dotage, Excretion, Labeled substances, Physiological
effects, Toxicology, Detoxification, 'Cycfohexane/
nexachloro, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, Synerglsm.
PB-275 933/0
... (Order as PB-275 918, MF A01)
Storage and Excretion of Dleldrln and Related
Compound*, Effect of Occupational Exposure,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., and August Curley. 13 Jul 67,8p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, v16 p155-
162,Feb68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Bi-
ology. PB-275 918.
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and their meta-
bolites were measured by electron-capture, gas-liquid
chromatography in 114 sample of plasma, 32 samples
of fat, and14 samples of urine from 71 men who man-
ufacture aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin. A rather high coef-
ficient of correlation was found for the concentration of
dieldrin in different kinds of samples from the same
person. The concentration of dieldrin in samples
showed a good correlation with total duration of expo-
sure or with the intensity of exposure as indicated by
the kind of work. The levels of aldrin and dieldrin found
in the exposed workers were significantly greater than
those in the general population.
Keywords: 'Dieldrin, 'Insecticides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Absorption(Blology), Chlorohydrocarbons, Aldrin,
Chlorine organic compounds, Excretion,
Concentration(Composition), Blood plasma, Urine, Fat
analysis, Monitors, Physiological effects, Endrin, Expo-
sure, Personnel, Bioaccumulation, Metabolites, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Environmental health,
Reprints.
PB-275 948/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Estimation of Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag. Final
task rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif.
Bernard Pershing, and Mamoru Masaki. Oct 76,57p
ATR-77(7359)-1, EPA/460/3-76/025
Contract EPA-68-01-0417
A simple procedure was developed for the estimation
of road vehicle aerodynamic drag based on easily
quantifiable vehicle shape parameters. The procedure
is applicable to passenger vehicles, station wagons,
and vans and is based on a 'drag build-up' method
which includes the effects of the basic body shape, un-
derpanning, and cooling drag. Not included are effects
of lift, sidewind, ground clearance, and certain shape
details. The limitations of the procedure are discussed
and improvements and areas requiring further study
are identified. In a related activity, a brief investigation
was made of possible techniques for determining vehi-
cle frontal area from photographs of cars. Plammeter
measurements of frontal area were made from photo-
graphic enlargements of approximately 80 cars. The
results of this effort are included as an appendix. Bib-
liographies on road vehicle aerodynamic drag and on
wind tunnel and full-scale road testing techniques are
also appended.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Aerodynamic drag, Air
resistance, Wind tunnel tests, Automobile bodies,
Streamlining, 'Drag reduction.
PB-275 949/6 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Laboratory Certification Program Implementation
Analysis. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif.
Warner B. Lee, and Merrill G. Hinton. Oct 74,231 p
ATR-74(7329)-1, EPA/460/3-74/019
Contract EPA-68-01-0417
An analysis was made of the work task activities that
would be required of an EPA group In the process of
implementing a program whereby Independent testing
laboratories (and their test operators) would be certi-
fied as to their capability to perform vehicle exhaust
emission tests. The results indicate that a laboratory
certification group consisting of seven inspectors and
one supervisor is adequate to perform the certification
activities for 17 laboratories and 34 operators (two op-
erators at each laboratory) which were assumed to be
early applicants to the proposed certification program.
These laboratories were composed of 12 in the conti-
nental U.S., 4 in Europe, and 1 in Japan. The work task
activities examined included all functional tasks re-
quired for initial and renewal certifications as well as
on-going quality control of both laboratories and oper-
ators. The total annual cost of such a laboratory certifi-
cation program was estimated to be approximately
$460,000 (Including travel costs).
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust
emissions, Tests, Cost analysis, Laboratory equip-
ment, Quality control, Management, Inspection,
Operators(Personnel), Job analysis, Abilities, Require-
ments, Manpower, Certification, Task analysis.
PB-275 950/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Diesel Crankcase Emissions Characterization.
Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Charles T. Hare, and Daniel A. Montalvo. Sep 77,165p
SWRI-AR-1189, EPA/460/3-77/016
Contract EPA-68-03-2196
The objective of this project was to characterize crank-
case or 'blowby' emissions from two in-service diesel
engines, developing and demonstrating methodology
for analyses where none existed. Methodology devel-
opment and demonstration was performed using a
dynamometer mounted Detroit Diesel 6V-71, and char-
acterization was done on a Cummins NTC-350 and an-
other 6V-71. Gaseous emissions measured included:
emission mass rate; HC, CO, CO2, and NOx (both ex-
haust and crankcase emissions); individual hydrocar-
bons; aldehydes; and N-dimethylnitrosamine. Crank-
case participate measurements included: mass rate;
concentration; size distribution; elemental composi-
tion; sulfate; total solubles; BaP in solubles; boiling
range of solubles; and N-dimethylnitrosamine. These
measurements were made using variations of the
standard 13-mode diesel procedure.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Crankcase fumes, 'Air
pollution, 'Gas analysis, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Dynamometers, Aldehydes, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size distribution,
Solubility, Chemical composition, Amines, Pyrenes,
Chemical analysis, Oxygen, Amine/N-dimethylnitros,
Benzo(a)pyrene, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-275 951/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Supplement to Ambient Temperature and Vehicle
Emissions. Final rept.,
Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Okla. Bartlesville Energy
Research Center.
B. H. Eccleston, and R. W. Hum. Mar 75, 58p EPA/
460/3-74/028-a
See also report dated Oct 74, PB-247 692.
A test program was conducted to study the effects of
ambient conditions on exhaust emissions from a vari-
ety of automobiles. Twenty-six cars, ranging from 1967
models through catalytic converter-equipped proto-
types and cars powered by unconventional engines
(rotary, Diesel, and stratified charge), were tested at 20
degrees, 50 degrees, 75 degrees and 110 degrees F.
Test procedure was the 1975 FTP, but with engine
hoods closed and cooling air flow keyed to vehicle
speed. HC, CO, NOx, total aldehydes, and reactive hy-
drocarbons, plus carbon balance fuel economy, were
measured. From production cars and catalyst-
equipped cars, '75 FTP composite emissions of all
three gaseous pollutants were highest at 20F. HC and
CO were generally lowest at 75F; composite values
were greatly influenced by cold start (Bag 1) emis-
sions. Composite NOx emissions were generally
lowest at 110F, and were relatively unaffected by am-
bient temperature. Fuel economy at 20F was about
10% lower than at 11 OF. The Diesel and stratified
charge cars had low emissions and little temperature
sensitivity. Use of air conditioners at 11 OF caused
higher emissions and about 10% lower fuel economy.
Reactivity of HC emissions and aldehyde emissions
were unaffected by temperature and were lower from
catalyst-equipped cars at all temperatures.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, 'Air
pollution, Fuel consumption, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Aldehydes, Temperature,
Light duty vehicles, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems), 'Automobile exhaust.
PB-275 962/0 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles.
Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Charles M. Urban, and Karl J. Springer. May 76,253p
SWRI-AR-1078, EPA/460/3-76/012
Contract EPA-68-03-2147
In this project, exhaust emissions data were obtained
from heavy-duty vehicles operated on chassis dyna-
December 1983 291
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mometers. A total of 32 vehicles were evaluated, rang-
ing from 7700 kg (17,000 Ibs) to 33,000 kg (73,000 Ibs)
gross vehicle weight (GVW). The vehicles included
eighteen gasoline trucks (or truck-tractors), twelve
diesel trucks (or truck-tractors) and two diesel buses.
The evaluations involved an on-the-road determination
for setting dynamometer power and the evaluation on
chassis dynamometers of several steady-state, sir. •
soidal and driving cycle operating conditions. Chassis
version nine-mode or thirteen-mode evaluations were
conducted as appropriate on all vehicles. Each of the
vehicles were evaluated at three different inertia
weights and dynamometer road-load settings to simu-
late an empty vehicle, half payload, and full rated
GVW. On two gasoline and two diesel vehicles, the
entire emissions test sequence was repeated and de-
terminations were made using alternate driving cycles.
Results are summarized by truck for each test method.
Keywords: * Exhaust emissions, Trucks, Dynamo-
meters, Buses, Spark ignition engines, Diesel engines,
Air pollution, Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), "Heavy duty vehicles,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB-275 966/0 MF A01
Journal Articles on Health Aspects of Pesticides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1957,74p-in11 articles
Consists of PB-275 967 thru PB-275 977.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Envi-
ronmental health.
PB-275 967/8
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Monitoring of Low-Frequency Phenomena,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Carl F. Rothe, and M. Wayne Street. 29 Apr 57,1p
Pub. in Science, v126 n3263 p77-78,12 Jul 57.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
A transistor regenerative oscillator was adapted from
an experimental model to convert subaudible frequen-
cies into audio frequencies. Other transistor oscillators
have been described which could be similarly adapted.
The frequency of oscillation of the oscillator varies in-
versely with the supply voltage.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Low frequencies, 'Oscillators,
Measuring instruments, Reprints.
PB-275 968/6
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Information on Health Aspects of Pesticides,
Enyironmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Philip C. Minter, Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., and Gus J.
Caras.2Oct68,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Documentation, v9 n2 p73-75,
May 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
Contents:
Description of the present system;
Investigations related to a pesticides information
system;
Abstract bulletin on the health aspects of
pesticides;
Future plans for pesticides information system.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Pesticides, Infor-
mation retrieval, Plans, Reprints, 'Health information
systems, Toxic substances.
PB-275 969/4
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Some Health Related Needs In Pesticide Investi-
gations,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons. Jul 68,1 p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 37(7) p519.
Jul 68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
Pesticides have become inescapable elements of our
environment and it is important that we use them
safely. Methods for screening pesticides for hazard to
man must be improved. The problem of potentiation
and antagonism in the simultaneous exposure to cer-
tain pesticides and drugs and between different pesti-
cides should be investigated further.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials,
Humans, Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Environ-
mental health, Toxic substances.
PB-275 970/2
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Benefits of Pesticides In Public Health Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
William F. Durham. 1969,4p
Pub. in the Biological Impact of Pesticides in the Envi-
ronment, 0154-155 n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
Pesticidal chemicals provide primary control mecha-
nisms for insect vectors of a number of diseases of sig-
nificant public health importance. The present paper
will review some of the accomplishments toward con-
trol of these diseases through use of the modern syn-
thetic pesticides. A balanced public health view of pes-
ticide usage must also include evaluation of potential
toxic side effects on human health. This problem will
also be reviewed.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous
materials, Toxicity, Toxicology, Disease vectors, Con-
trol, Reprints, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-275 971/0
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Effect of Pesticides on Human Health,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1963,9p
Pub. in Science and Man Symposium-Nature, Man
and Pesticides, v7 p27-31 1963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
Contents:
Mortality form pesticides in the United States;
Morbidity from pesticides in the United States;
Production of pesticides;
Injury from pesticides in other countries;
The contribution of pesticides to health;
Methods of improving the safety record.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxi-
cology, Toxic diseases, Mortality, Morbidity, Foreign
countries, United States, Production, Public health,
Reprints, 'Environmental health, Toxic substances.
PB-275 972/8
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Occurrence of Poisoning by Pesticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 27 Apr 64,5p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v9 p621-
625, Nov64.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
The brief paper is concerned with the mortality, mor-
bidity, storage, and other possible effects associated
with pesticides, and with methods for limiting Injury
caused by them.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxi-
cology, Poisons, Toxic diseases, Mortality, Morbidity,
Storage, Prevention, Injuries, Reprints, "Environmen-
tal health, Toxic substances.
PB-275 973/6
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Experience* with the Exposure of Human Sub-
jects to Agricultural Chemicals and a Discussion
of the Legal Position of Investigations Using
People,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland H. Hayes, Jr. 1965,26p
Pub. in Research In Pesticides, 1965.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
In promoting human safety, the basic reason for
making studies in man is species difference. Differ-
ences in toxic as well as therapeutic effects frequently
depend on differences in biotransformation, which are
well documented and may be qualitative, quantitative
or both. Undoubtedly, only a small proportion of the
true variation has been described. The facts that man
is unique and that studies in man are desirable are
taken as aciomatic in this paper. The body of the paper
is concerned with the organization and execution of
studies in volunteers and with the legal implications of
such studies.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Agricul-
ture, Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation, Exposure,
Humans, Experimental data, Dosage, Volunteers,
Standards, Protection, Safety, Reprints, Toxic sub-
stances, Protocols, 'Environmental health.
PB-275 974/4
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Pesticides and Human Health-A Query,
Enyironmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Louis C. LaMorte, Jr. 1969,4p
Pub. in Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Amer-
ica, v15 n4 D373-376, Dec 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
The author consides the relationship of the pesticide
chemicals to human health. The title suggests that
there is some question about the existence of a rela-
tionship. Certainly there is no question as to the propi-
tious relationship between pesticides and human
health.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Public
health, Poisons, Humans, Physiological effects, 'Envi-
ronmental health, Toxic substances, Reprints.
PB-275 975/1
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
The Public Health Service Program In Pesticides,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Herman F. Kraybill. 1964,9p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
The author is concerned about problems of environ-
mental pollution and its impact on health, and stresses
that the Public Health Service should mount and accel-
erate a program on pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Public
health, Poisons, Research, Humans, 'Environmental
health, Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB-275 976/9
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
Some Health-Related Needs In Pesticide Investi-
gations,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
S.W.Simmons. 1969,4p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, v36 n3 p107-
110, Mar 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
The universal presence of pesticides in man, from the
fetal stage on, calls for many studies: evaluation of tox-
icity In the fetus with reference to prematurity, pre-
eclampsia, birth defects, etc., studies on detection of
metabolites; disposal of pesticide wastes; chemical
epidemiology; monitoring of occupational^ exposed
people; training programs for analytical chemists;
many others.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Re-
search, Monitors, Toxicity, Physiological effects.
Waste disposal, Epidemiology, Occupational safety
and health, Reprints, 'Environmental health, Fetus,
Toxic substances, Training programs, Metabolites.
PB-276 977/7
(Order as PB-275 966, MF A01)
The Pesticides Program Activities of the Public
Health Service,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons. 1968,8p
Pub. In Public Hearth Reports, v83 n11 p967-073, Nov
68.
292 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Health As-
pects of Pesticides, PB-275 966.
The Pesticides Program of the Public Health Service is
concerned with the assessment of the total effects of
pesticides on the health of man in order to deal effec-
tively with health problems associated with the use of
pesticides. This mission requires the efforts of many
trained persons, in various disciplines, in order to pro-
vide the basic laboratory research, epidemiologic and
ecological studies, as well as consultation, training,
and information services needed to evaluate more
completely the risks entailed in the use of pesticides
against the background of their great benefits.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Public health, Communities,
Humans, Risk, Research, Epidemiology, States(United
States), Ecology, Laboratories, Reprints, 'Environ-
mental health, Health risks, Registration.
PB-275 978/5 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis.
Group 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1969,85p-in 10 articles
Consists of PB-275 979 thru PB-275 988.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis.
PB-275 979/3
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
Improved Amlno Acid Analysis II. Automated Inte-
gration and Computer Processing of Data,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
D. L. Jue, J. E. Suggs, and R. W. Jennings. 15 May 69,
2p
Pub. in Sonderdruck aus Chromatographia 2, p360-
361 1969.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
New methodologies for the rapid determination of
amino acids by ion-exchange chromatography have
presented the highly instrumented laboratory with a
vast volume of data to be calculated. Various manual
methods of calculation (height-width, absorbence or
planimetry) are time consuming and cannot be used to
maintain an efficient balance between Increased pro-
duction of Information and finished data. Electronic
digital Integrators have helped to eliminate manual In-
terpretation from the strip chart recordings, but manual
calculation must still be performed to obtain the final
data. The ideal system would eliminate all manual han-
dling of the data. The following describes such a
system used by this laboratory in conjunction with
Spinco 120 C amino acid analyzer.
Keywords: 'Amino acids, "Chemical analysis, Ion ex-
changing, Chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Samples, Reprints, Com-
puter aided analysis.
PB-275 980/1
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
An Improved Method of Automation of Amlno
Acid Analysis,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
D. L. Jue, and J. E. Suggs. 29 Aug 68,2p
Pub. in Chromatographia, 1(11-12) p488-4891968.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
Amino acid analysis of physiological fluids with a Beck-
man Model 120C amino acid analyzer requires the use
of 2 columns and 2 buffers for each column. A stand-
ard analysis requires a long column (0.9 x 69 cm) for
the separation of acidic and neutral amino acids by 2
buffers, A and B, pH 3.20, 0.2 M Na( + ) and pH 4.26,
0.2 M Na( + ), respectively. The basic amino acids are
separated on a short column (0.9 x 29 cm) by buffers C
and D, pH 4.25, 0.38 N Ma(+) and pH 5.36, 0.35 M
Na(+), respectively. The report describes an alterna-
tive means of automation.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, * Amino acids, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Laboratory equip-
ment, Reprints.
PB-275 981/9
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectrometry of
Some Chlorinated Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
David B. Roll, and Francis J. Biros. 13 Dec 68, 5p
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v41 n3 p407-411, Mar 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
Chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spec-
trometry has been employed to demonstrate the differ-
ence in the chemical environment of the Cl atoms in
several organochlorine compounds commonly used
as pesticides. Correlations between resonance fre-
quency and structure have been made in four isomers
of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and in
certain cyclodlene chlorinated insecticides including
1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-
1,4-endo, exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (aldrln),
1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-
octahydro-1,4-endo, exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene
(dieldrin), 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a.4,7,7a-tetrahy-
dro-4,7-methanoindene (heptachlor), 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-
heptachloro-2,3-epoxy-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-
methanoindene (heptachlor epoxide), 1,2,3,4,10,10-
hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-
1,4-endo, endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (endrin),
and cis-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexa-
hydro-4, 7-methanoindene (alpha-chlordane). Assign-
ment of signals to specific chlorine atoms has been
made utilizing spectra-structure correlation charts and
other data. Some of the problems encountered in the
interpretation of NQR spectra are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Nuclear
magnetic resonance, Chlorine organic compounds, In-
secticides, Dieldrin, Chlordan, Reprints, 'Nuclear qua-
drupole resonance spectrometry, Cyclohexane/hex-
achloro, Aldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide,
Endrin.
PB-275 982/7
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
Analytical Methods for Pesticides,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
H. P. Burchfield. 1967,16p
Pub. In Lectures on Gas Chromatography, 1966, p121-
1361967.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
The analysis of pesticide residues presents unusual
problems because of the small amounts of materials
that must be measured and the large amounts of inter-
fering substances that must be removed. In general, It
Is necessary to be able to analyze for pesticides at the
0.01 to 10 ppm level In foods and animal tissues and at
the ppt or ppb levels and upward In environmental pol-
lution studies. After the pesticide has been extracted
from the sample and Interfering compounds removed,
the residue is ready for analysis. These are usually co-
lorimetric tests that are based on causing the pesticide
to react with a reagent to produce a chromophore.
During the past ten years colorimetric methods have
been gradually superseded by chromatographic proce-
dures in which a number of pesticides can be analyzed
in the same operation. Three forms of chromatography
are currently in use: paper, thin-layer, and gas. The use
of paper chromatography is declining while that of thin-
layer chromatography is increasing. However, gas
chromatography is superior to both of these methods
with respect to resolution and sensitivity. Also the use
of infrared spectroscopy was discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Trace
elements, Residues, Chromatography, Infrared spec-
troscopy, Reprints.
PB-275 983/5
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
The Electron-Capture Qaa Chromatography of
Paradlchtorobenzene Metabolite* at a Measure of
Exposure,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
J. D. McKinney, L. Flshbein, C. E. Fletcher, and W. F.
Barthel. 1970,8p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 n4 p354-361 1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
Paradichlorobenzene has been used extensively as a
household moth control agent and as a deodorant for
many years, and it is considered to be safe and suit-
able for these purposes. However, cases of poisoning
attributed to paradichlorobenzene have been reported
A convenient method for determining exposure to this
halobenzene is important in evaluating any hazards in-
volved in its use. The halobenzenes are metabolized
mainly by oxidation to phenols, quinols, catechols and
related compounds, or by forming mercapturic acids.
This paper describes a method which successfully em-
ploys gas chromatography with electron capture de-
tection for the measurement of PDB and its major me-
tabolites.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insect control, 'Chemical
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Gas chromatography, Electron cap-
ture, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Benzene/dichloro, 'Elec-
tron capture gas chromatography.
PB-275 984/3
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
A Multlclass, Multlresldue Analytical Method for
Determining Pesticide Residues In Air,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Joseph Sherma, and Talaat M. Shafik. 8 May 74,17p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v3 n1 p55-71 1975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
A multiresidue method for chlorinated, organophos-
phate and N-methyl carbamate insecticides has been
developed for use in the National Air Monitoring Pro-
gram. The method involves partitioning and extracting
the pesticides from the ethylene glycol trapping sol-
vent with methylene chloride followed by fractionation
and cleanup by elution through a silica gel column. The
chlorinated compounds are determined by electron
capture GC, phosphate compounds by flame photo-
metric GC, and carbamates by electron capture GC
after derlvatization with pentafluoropropionic anhy-
dride. Recovery data and limits of detectabllity are pre-
sented for 11 chlorinated, 7 phosphate, and 7 carba-
mate pesticides at high and low levels. It Is expected
that the method will be applicable to many other com-
pounds not successfully determined by the present
analytical procedure, and that it may be adaptable for
the analysis of pesticide residues in foods and other
environmental samples.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carbamates, 'Gas analysis,
Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Extraction, Distillation,
Chlorine organic compounds, Electron capture, Gas
chromatography, Residues, Reprints, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Electron capture gas chromatography.
PB-275 986/0
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
Applications of Combined Qas Chromatography-
Maaa Spectrometry to Pesticide Residue Identifi-
cations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Francis J. Biros. 3 Sep 70,19p
Pub. in Advances in Chemistry Series, n104 p132-150
1971.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
Several individual and multiresidue analytical methods
are available for gas chromatographic-mass spectro-
metric confirmation and identification of pesticide resi-
dues. Specific examples considered in this report in-
clude the analysis of intact and derivatized phenolic
residues such as pentachlorophenol and 1-naphthyl
chloroacetate, organophosphorus Insecticide meta-
bolic and hydrolytfc products Including 0,O-diethyl O-
methyl phosphorothionate, O,0-diethyTS-methyl phos-
phorothlolate, and O,O-dlethyl O-methyl phosphate,
several organochlorine pesticides of the DDT and cy-
clodlene type, phenoxyalkanolc acid herbicide expo-
sure and methodology studies Involving 2,4-D and
2,4,5-T, and polychlorfnated blphenyl residues. Con-
ventional residue analytical methodology and gas
chromatographic column technology are, in general,
directly applicable to the analysis of human, animal,
and environmental substrates by the combined tech-
nique. Evaluation of mass spectral fragmentation path-
ways provides definite and conclusive confirmation of
December 1983 293
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
residue identity as well as characterization of residues
and their metabolites of unknown structure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Gas chromatogmohy, 'Mass
spectrometry, "Chemical analysis, Residues, Insecti-
cides, Chlorine organic compounds, Organic phos-
phates, Phenols, Phosphorus organic compounds, Re-
prints.
PB-275 966/8
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
Sensitive Trapping and Gas Chromatographic
Method for Vinyl Chloride In Air Samples,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
N.Fredlves.26Sep74,4p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v58 n3 p457-460 1975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
A simple and sensitive method is described for deter-
mining vinyl chloride monomer in air. Vinyl chloride
monomer from a sample of air is trapped onto a Tenax
GC trap cooled with Dry Ice. The trap is installed on a
gas chromatograph by a simple valve arrangement.
The trap is heated, and the entire sample is flushed
onto the gas Chromatographic column. Vinyl chloride is
determined at 6 and 60 ppb (v/v) levels with recover-
ies ranging from 79 to 104%.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Pesticides, 'Gas anal-
ysis, 'Vinyl chloride, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Aerosols, Air pollution, Reprints, Monomers,
*Air pollution detection.
PB-275 987/6
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
A Note on Polychlorinated Blphenyls In Air,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frederick W. Kutz, and Henry S. C. Yang. 1972,1 p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
Samples of ambient air were collected using an ethyl-
ene-glycol Impinger sampler, and analyzed for select-
ed pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in subur-
ban locations in Florida, Mississippi, and Colorado.
Preliminary results for samples taken in April, May, and
June of 1975 show that PCB's were present at all loca-
tions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Chlorine
organic compounds, Florida, Mississippi, Colorado,
Gas chromatography, Electron capture, Reprints,
* Polychlorinated biphenyls, Electron capture gas chro-
matography.
PB-275 988/4
(Order as PB-275 978, MF A01)
The National Human Monitoring Program for Pes-
ticide*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Anne R. Yobs. 1971,8p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v5 n1 p44-46,67-71,
Jun71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 3, PB-275 978.
The purpose of the human monitoring program is to
determine on a national scale levels of pesticide inci-
dence in the general population and to assess
changes in these levels. Such incidence reflects prior
exposure from all sources and is important in under-
standing the ecological impact of pesticides pollution
and in studying the human health effects of pesticides
exposure. Exact measurement of man's total exposure
to pesticides requires careful development and imple-
mentation of plans, the full cooperation of willing sub-
jects, and adequate laboratory support-conditions
which can be attained only In the controlled research
situation and are not easily applicable to large groups.
Previous human exposure to pesticides may be esti-
mated from measurement of storage levels or excre-
tion of these materials or their metabolites and from
measurement of physiologic effects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Public health, 'Sampling, Ex-
posure, Environmental surveys, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Monitoring, Concentratlon(Compositlon), Re-
prints.
PB-275 989/2 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues In the En-
vironment. Group 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1972,52p-in 5 articles
Consists of PB-275 990 thru PB-275 994.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Residues, 'Pesticide resi-
dues.
PB-275 990/0
(Order as PB-275 989, MF A01)
Residues In Fish, Wildlife, and Estuaries, Mlrex
Residues In Selected Estuaries of South Caroli-
na-June 1972,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
P. W. Borthwick, G. H. Cook, and J. M. Patrick, Jr.
1972,2p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v7 n3/4 p144/145,
Mar 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 1, PB-275 989.
Estuarine sediments, crabs, shrimps, and fishes were
collected in June 1972 at eleven stations two years
after aerial applications of mirex bait for control of fire
ants in coastal areas near Charleston, S.C. These sta-
tions had previously been monitored (October 1969 to
June 1971) when levels of mirex in animal samples
were: crabs, 0-0.60 ppm; shrimps, 0-1.3 ppm; and
fishes, 0-0.82 ppm. the recent study showed that
mirex was present in three species of fishes (white cat-
fish, 0.021 ppm; bluegill, 0.047 ppm; carp 0.12 ppm)
and blue crabs (0.026 ppm) at two freshwater stations.
However, mirex was not detected in 36 animal sam-
ples, most of which were taken from nine saline sta-
tions in the estuaries after a period of restricted use of
the pesticide. Analysis of bottom sediment samples at
all stations detected no mirex. The lower limit of detec-
tion for mirex was 0.01 ppm.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Shellfish, 'Fishes, 'Pesticides,
Monitoring, Sediments, Crabs, Shrimps, Chlorine ali-
phatic compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Res-
idues, South Carolina, Reprints, 'Mirex, 'Pesticide res-
idues, Charleston(South Carolina).
PB-275 991/8
(Order as PB-275 989, MF A01)
Mercury Level* In Soil* of the Eastern United
State*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
G. B. Wiersma, and H. Tai. 1974,3p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v7 n3/4 p214-216,
Mar 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 1, PB-275 989.
Cropland and noncropland soils were sampled to de-
termine levels of elemental mercury present in the
upper three inches of soil. Results showed no differ-
ence in mercury levels between cropland and noncro-
pland soils. Levels detected compared closely to
levels found in similar studies. Actual mean levels of
mercury residues in soils of the eastern United States
ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 ppm.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Soils, 'Pesticides, Resi-
dues, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Farm
crops, Grassland, Forest land, United States, Reprints,
Eastern Region(United States), 'Pesticide residues.
PB-275 992/6
(Order as PB-275 989, MF A01)
Persistence of Paratnlon In Soil,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
H. R. Wolfe, D. C. Staiff, J. F. Armstrong, and S. W.
Comer. 1973,9p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n1 p1-9 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 1, PB-275 989.
Concern about persistence of synthetic pesticides in
soil and the environment in general has been greater
where chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds have been
involved than where organophosphorus pesticides
have been used. The experiment involved treatments
of field soil plots using three liquid parathion concen-
trations and two different formulations. Treatments
were: (a) Undiluted commercial grade 45.6% liquid
emulsifiable concentrate; (b) conventional dilute spray
for orchard use prepared from water-wettable powder
and containing 0.03% parathion (referred to as 1X
concentration); (c) a dilute spray similar to (b) except
prepared from emulsifiable concentrate; (d) a spray
micture of the type commonly used for semi-concen-
trate spray applications prepared from water-wettable
powder and containing 0.24% parathion; and (e) a
spray mixture similar to (d) except prepared from emul-
sifiable concentrate.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Phosphorus organic compounds,
'Sulfur organic compounds, 'Pesticides, Nitro com-
pounds, Microorganisms, Field tests, Spraying, Mix-
tures, Powder(Particles), Residues, Reprints, 'Parath-
ion, 'Pesticide residues, Phosphorothioic acid/0-0-(di-
methyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-275 993/4
(Order as PB-275 989, MF A01)
Pesticide Residue Levels In Soils and Crops, FY-
70~Natlonal Soils Monitoring Program (II),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. B. Crockett, G. B. Wiersma, H. Tai, W. G. Mitchell,
and Ann E. Carey. 1974, 29p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v8 n2 p69-97, Sep
74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment, Group 1, PB-275 989.
This data report is a summary of Fiscal Year 1970 re-
sults of the National Soils Monitoring Program. It in-
cludes data on pesticide applications, soil residues,
and crop residues collected from 1,506 cropland sites
in 35 States. Pesticide application data are summa-
rized by all sites and by State. Soil residue data are
itemized similarly, but also include data by cropping
region. Tables generally give the number of sites,
number of times a pesticide was applied or detected,
percent occurrence, arithmetic mean application rate
or residue level, and range of residues detected. Pesti-
cides applied most frequently were atrazine, 2,4-D,
captan, and malathion.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Soils, 'Pesticides, Residues,
Sulfur organic compounds, Monitoring, Residues,
Sites, Chlorine organic compounds, States(United
States), Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds,
Tables(Data), Acetic acid, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Alkene compounds, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Cycloalkene compounds, Malathion, Succin-
ates, Phosphorus organic compounds, Reprints,
'Atrazine, Triazine/chloro-ethylamino-isopropylamino,
*D,2-4 herbicide, Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, Suc-
cinic acid/(diethyl-ester)-mercapto-(S-ester-with-0-0-
dimethyl-phosphorodithioate), 'Pesticide residues, Cy-
clohexene dicarboxirnide/N-(trichloro methyljthio,
'Captan, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-275 994/2
(Order as PB-275 989, MF A01)
Baseline Concentrations of Polychlorinated Bi-
phenyls and DDT In Lake Michigan Fish, 1971,
National Water Quality Lab., Dulutn, Minn.
Oilman D. Veith. 1975,9p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n1 p21-29, Jun
75.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues In the Environment, Group 1, PB-275 989.
Responding to the recommendations of the Lake
Michigan Interstate Pesticide Committee, the author
aimed to establish baseline data on polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCB's) and DDT in Lake Michigan fish in
1971. Because the past 2 years had witnessed unprec-
edented legislative action to protect food resources
and other aquatic species near the top of the food
chain from persistent hazardous chemicals, the author
also attempted to gauge the impact of cooperative leg-
islative action on the quality of large lakes.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Biphenyls, 'DDT, "Lake Michi-
gan, 'Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Aro-
matic compounds, Hazards, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Trout, Salmon, Fresh
water fishes, Tolerances(Physiology), Water quality,
Residues, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Bi-
phenyl/chloro, 'Pesticide residues.
294 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-276 042/9 PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Concentrations of PCBs In the Southeast
from STORET Data and Selected EPA Studies.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
R. J. Bruner, III, and David W. Hill. Oct 77,28p EPA/
904/9-77/032
The PCB problem in the southeast came to light in
1976 with the discovery of high concentration of PCBs
in fish tissues collected from Lakes Weiss and
Hartwell. Tissue, sediment and water data from these
lakes are reported and analyzed. Big Cypress Swamp
data are presented and analyzed to determine back-
ground concentrations of PCBs in areas remote from
human activities. STORET data for the states of NC,
SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN and KY were anajyzed and all
stations having one or more concentrations greater
than 100 micrograms/kg PCBs in sediments and 0.1
microgram/liter in whole water are reported and po-
tential problem areas are defined. The extent of the
PCB problem is evaluated and recommendations are
made regarding future sampling needs.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Chemical analysis, Aquatic ani-
mals, Tissues(Biology), Concentratfon(Composltion),
Water pollution, Water analysis, Lake Weiss, Lake
Hartwell, Residues, Sediments, Samples, Monitoring,
Pesticides, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama,
Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida,
Big Cypress Swamp, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
'Water quality, 'Water pollution detection, Bioaccu-
mulation, 'Pesticide residues, Southeast
region(United States).
PB-276 050/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Development of Written Tests for Certification of
Emission Laboratory Technicians. Final rept.,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Harold J. Wlmette, D. Gene Davis, and John
Gunderson. Jun 74,174p 8107-5201, EPA/460/3-74/
008
Contract EPA-68-01 -2109
The objective of the work described in this report was
to develop a written and practical test for emission lab-
oratory technicians as part of the EPA program for the
certification of emission laboratories which conduct
the EPA regulatory test. Olson Laboratories was as-
sisted in the written test development by a technical
review panel consisting of experienced representa-
tives from the automobile manufacturers and inde-
pendent laboratories. The panel assisted in the prepa-
ration of the task analysis, writing the test items, and
item analysis. In addition to the written examination, a
practical test was developed consisting of both a mani-
pulative and oral test.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Personnel selection, 'Test
construction(Psychology), Tests, Exhaust emissions,
Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Job
analysis, Guidelines, Performance standards, Certifi-
cation.
PB-276 071-SET PC E07
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Telecommuni-
cations Study, Volume I. Executive Management
Summary; Consolidated Systems Study, Volume I,
Executive Management Study; Conversion Study.
Technical Report.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
1977,200p-in3v
Contract GS-03S-46098
Set Includes PB-276 073, PB-276 076 and PB-276
079.
No abstract available.
PB-276 072-SET
PCE16
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Telecommuni-
cations Study, Volumes 1-3; Consolidated Sys-
tems Study, Volumes 1-3; Conversion Study,
Technical Report.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
1977,1081 p-in7v
Contract GS-03S-46908
Set includes PB-276 073 thru PB-276 079.
No abstract available.
PB-276 073/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Telecommuni-
cations Study. Volume I. Executive Management
Summary. Final rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,34p* TR-77-1942-8, EPA/MIDS-15
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 074.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET, and available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-276
071-SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements for the 1981
through 1990 time period. A detailed system study was
performed, which identifies the current and projected
ADP requirements for the period 1981 through 1990.
Each ADP activity Is identified using Zero Based
Budget (ZBB) decision units and then projected using
a multiple scenario approach. Volume I contains the
executive management summary.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer networks, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government, "Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Zero base budgeting,
Geographic areas, Remote terminals, Long range
planning.
PB-276 074/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Telecommuni-
cations Study. Volume II. Detailed Report. Final
rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,120p' TR-77-1942-9, EPA/MIDS-16
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 073 and PB-276 075.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements fcr the 1981
through 1990 time period. A detailed system study was
performed, which identifies the current and projected
ADP requirements for the period 1981 through 1990.
Each ADP activity is Identified using Zero Based
Budget (ZBB) decision units and then projected using
a multiple scenario approach. Volume 2 Is the detailed
report.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer network, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Zero base budgeting,
Geographic areas, Remote terminals, Long range
planning.
PB-276 075/9 PC E06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Telecommuni-
cation Study. Volume III. Appendices. Final rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,172p' TR-77-1942-10, EPA/MIDS-17
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 074 and PB-276 076.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements for the 1961
through 1990 time period. Volumes I and II of this
report present workloads for telecommunications traf-
fic in support of missions and ADP activity for each ge-
ographic location in EPA. Current and projected work-
load is defined for ADP users in terms of average
number of characters transmitted per month to and
from Washington Computer Center (WCC) and Nation-
al Computer Center (NCC) computing facilities. The
purpose of this volume Is to provide the detailed Infor-
mation from which the first two volumes were generat-
ed. This detailed information is presented in the follow-
ing sections. Section 2: a detailed description of the
study methodology, including the methods used for
long term workload projections; Section 3: a detailed
presentation and tables of all components of the cur-
rent baseline telecommunications workload; Section 4:
a detailed presentation and tables for all components
of projected telecommunications workload for each al-
ternative future scenario.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer network, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government,
Tables(Data), 'Environmental Protection Agency,
Zero base budgeting, Geographic areas, Remote ter-
minals, Long range planning.
PB-276 076/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Systems
Study. Volume I. Executive Management Sum-
mary. Final rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,44p* TR-77-1942-5, EPA/MIDS-11
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 075 and PB-276 077.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET, and available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-276
071-SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements for the 1981
through 1990 time period. A detailed system study was
performed, which identifies the current and projected
ADP requirements for the period 1981 through 1990.
Each ADP activity is identified using Zero Based
Budget (ZBB) decision units and then projected using
a multiple scenario approach. Volume I contains the
Executive Management Summary.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer networks, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Zero base budgeting,
Geographic areas, Remote terminals, Long range
planning.
PB-276 077/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Systems
Study. Volume II. Detailed Report. Final rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,350p* TR-77-1942-6, EPA/MIDS-12
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 076 and PB-276 078.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements for the 1981
through 1980 time period. A detailed system study was
performed, which identifies the current and projected
ADP requirements for the period 1981 through 1990.
Each ADP activity is identified using Zero Based
Budget (ZBB) decision units and then projected using
a multiple scenario approach. Volume II contains the
Detailed Report.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer networks, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Zero base budgeting,
Geographic areas, Remote terminals, Long range
planning.
December 1983 295
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-276 078/3 PC E06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Consolidated Systems
Study. Volume III. Appendices. i-i»al rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,235p' TR-77-1942-7, EPA/MIDS-13
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 077 and PB-276 079.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET.
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Automated Data Processing
(ADP) planning activities are to obtain the most cost-
effective computing/telecommunications resources to
meet EPA's computing requirements for the 1981
through 1990 time period. Volumes I and II of this
report presented the results of the Consolidated Sys-
tems Study in terms of data and discussions of current
and projected workload growth for each EPA organiza-
tion. The purpose of this volume is to provide the de-
tailed information from which the first two volumes
were generated. The presentation of the specific infor-
mation in each section of this report is as follows'. Sec-
tion 2 - A comprehensive presentation of the study
methodology and the projection methodology with a
sample application of the projection methodology;
Section 3 - A detailed presentation of all components
of the current baseline workload; Section 4 - The plan-
ning factors generated as a result of the management
interviews and complete long term projections by orga-
nization; Section 5 - A list of published material used to
supplement the data collected.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer networks, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government,
Tables(Data), 'Environmental Protection Agency,
Zero base budgeting, Geographic areas, Remote ter-
minals, Long range planning.
PB-276 079/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
Environmental Protection Agency 1981-1990 ADP
Requirements Study. Conversion Study, Technical
Report Final rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Dec 77,123p* TR-77-1942-11, EPA/MIDS-19
Contract GS-03S-46908
See also PB-276 078.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E18, PB-276 072-
SET, and available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-276
071-SET.
This document is the Conversion Study Report and
represents the impact upon EPA of converting existing
ADP activities operated at the IBM and UNIVAC facili-
ties to upgraded hardware of either the same type or
other types. In addition, this document identifies the
specific information which must be made available to
the system design contractors in order to determine
the total cost of their alternative design concepts. This
document in conjunction with the Consolidated
System Study and the Consolidated Telecommunica-
tions Study, represent the EPA statement of needs for
the current and future time periods. The contents of
this document address the following: Identification of
conversion workload factors; Application of these fac-
tors to current systems; Planned or developmental
systems for operation prior to conversion; Projected
conversion workload and costs based on 1981 work-
load values, as projected by the Consolidated System
Study; Planning considerations for the conversion
process.
Keywords: 'Data processing equipment, 'Telecom-
munication, Computer networks, Cost effectiveness,
Management planning, National government, Conver-
sion, 'Environmental Protection Agency, Zero base
budgeting, Geographic areas, Remote terminals, Long
range planning.
PB-276 101/3 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
The Economic Impact of Proposed Amendments
to the Illinois Livestock Waste Regulations (R76-
15). Final rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale. Dept. of Agricul-
tural Industries.
Donald W. Lybecker. Aug 77, 76p IIEQ-77-23
In early 1976 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency revised the National Pollutant Discharge Elimi-
nation System (NPDES) program on animal feeding
operations. This study analyzes the economic impact
of proposed amendments to Pollution Control Board
(PCB) regulations which will accommodate Illinois law
and conditions with the federal guidelines. Illinois stat-
utes require an economic impact study for all amend-
ments to PCB regulations. The first four proposed
amendments deal with the addition of six new defini-
tions, and making the regulations consistent with these
additions. The economic impact of these new defini-
tions is minimal and is basically a matter of terminology
rather than substance. The fourth proposed amend-
ment does expand the application of the general provi-
sions of the Environmental Protection Act to animal
feeding operations beyond just water and air pollution.
Proposed amendment five may be the most critical. It
specifies a new classification of large-scale animal
feeding operations (between 300 and 1,000 animal
units). If it is assumed that all of these operations are
currently covered in case-by-case regulations, the
economic impact is minimal. If, however, it is assumed
that these operations, either in total or in part, would
have been 'skipped' by the case-by-case designation,
then the livestock industry in Illinois would bear a sub-
stantial cost.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Feeding stuffs,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Regulations, Livestock,
Surface water runoff, Government policies, National
government, State government, Legislation, Economic
analysis, Dairies, Dairy cattle, Swine, Illinois.
PB-276 138/5 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Revised Technics! Guide for Review and Evalua-
tion of Compliance Schedules for Air Pollution
Sources. Final rept.,
PEDCo Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Richard Gerstle, Fred Hall, and Yatendra Shah. May
77,431 p* EPA/340/1-77/017
Contract EPA-68-01 -3150
See also report dated Aug 73, PB-250 374.
Compliance schedules previously presented in the first
edition of a Technical Guide for Review and Evaluation
of Compliance Schedules (Publication EPA 340/1-73-
00la), have been reviewed and up-dated where re-
quired. Schedules for new industries are included and
control systems are reviewed and evaluated based on
information supplied by the manufacturers. Also In-
cluded is a description of the compliance schedule
format, summary schedules by type of control device,
and an explanation of various factors which affect in-
stallations. Process descriptions, emission sources,
emission characteristics, and commonly used control
equipment are given for each industry studied.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
'Reviews, 'Scheduling, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, Sources, Solid waste disposal, Evaporating,
Chemical industry, Agricultural products, Metallurgy,
Minerals, Petroleum industry, Paper industry, Emission
factors, Standards compliance, Stationary sources.
PB-276 152-SET PC E16
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Current Status of Alternative Automotive Power
System* and Fuels.
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
Programs Group.
1974,1139p-in4v
Set includes PB-276 153 thru PB-276 156.
No abstract available.
PB-276 153/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Current Status of Alternative Automotive Power
Systems and Fuels. Volume I. Executive Sum-
mary. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
Programs Group.
D. E. Lapedes, M. G. Hinton, J. Meltzer, and T. lura. Jul
74,50p ATR-74(7325)-1 -VOL-1, EPA/460/3-74/013a
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
See also Volume 2, PB-276 154. Previously an-
nounced as EPA-460/3-74-013a-V1.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-276 152-
SET.
A summarization has been made of the available non-
proprietary information on the technological status of
automotive power systems which are alternatives to
the conventional internal combustion engine, and the
technological status of nonpetroleum-based fuels de-
rived from domestic sources which may have applica-
tion to future automotive vehicles. The material pre-
sented is based principally upon the results of re-
search and technology activities sponsored under the
Alternative Automotive Power Systems Program which
was originated in 1970. Supplementary data are in-
cluded from programs sponsored by other government
agencies and by private industry. The results of the
study are presented in four volumes; this volume pre-
sents a concise view of important findings and conclu-
sions for three topical areas: Alternative Automotive
Heat Engines, Alternative Nonpetroleum-Based Auto-
motive Fuels, Electric and Hybrid Power Systems.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Automotive fuels,
Electric automobiles, Flywheels, Storage batteries,
Stratified charge engines, Rankin cycle, Stirling cycle,
Gas turbine engines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel con-
sumption, 'Heat engines.
PB-276 154/2 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Current Status of Alternative Automotive Power
Systems and Fuels. Volume II. Alternative Auto-
motive Engines. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
Programs Group.
D. E. Lapedes, M. G. Hinton, J. Meltzer, T. lura, and 0.
Dykema. Jul 74, 463p ATR-74(7325)-1-VOL-2, EPA/
460/3-74/013b
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
See also Volume 1, PB-276153 and Volume 3, PB-276
155. Previously announced as EPA-460/3-74-013b-
V2.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-276 152-
SET.
A summarization has been made of the available non-
proprietary Information on the technological status of
automotive power systems which are alternatives to
the conventional internal combustion engine, and the
technological status of nonpetroleum-based fuels de-
rived from domestic sources which may have applica-
tion to future automotive vehicles. The material pre-
sented is based principally upon the results of re-
search and technology activities sponsored under the
Alternative Automotive Power System Program which
was originated in 1970. Supplementary data are In-
cluded from programs sponsored by other government
agencies and by private industry. The results of the
study are presented in four volumes; this volume pre-
sents available information pertaining to advanced al-
ternative automotive heat engines.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Automotive fuels,
Electric automobiles, Flywheels, Storage batteries,
Stratified charge engines, Rankine cycle, Stirling cycle,
gas turbine engines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel con-
sumption, 'Heat engines.
PB-276 155/9 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Current Statua of Alternative Automotive Power
Systems and Fuels. Volume III. Alternative Nonpe-
troleum-Based Fuels. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
Programs Group.
D. E. Lapedes, M. G. Hinton, J. Meltzer, I. lura, and E.
Blond. Jul 74, 363p ATR-74(7325)-1 -VOL-3, EPA/
460/3-74/013c
Contract 68-01-0417
See also Volume 2, PB-276 154 and Volume 4, PB-276
156. Previously announced as EPA-460/3-74-013C-
V3.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-276 152-
SET.
A summarization has been made of the available non-
proprietary information on the technological status of
automotive power systems which are alternatives to
the conventional internal combustion engine, and the
technological status of nonpetroleum-based fuels de-
rived from domestic sources which may have applies-
296 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tton to future automotive vehicles. The material pre-
sented Is based principally upon the results of re-
search and technology activities sponsored under the
Alternative Automotive Power Systems Program which
was originated in 1970. Supplementary data are in-
cluded from programs sponsored by other government
agencies and by private Industry. The results of the
study are presented in four volumes; this volume pre-
sents available Information pertaining to alternative
nonpetroleum-based automotive fuels.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Automotive fuels,
Electric automobiles, Flywheels, Storage batteries,
Stratified charge engines, Rankine cycle, Stirling cycle,
Gas turbine engines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel con-
sumption, 'Heat engines.
PB-276 166/7 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Current Status of Alternative Automotive Power
Systems and Fuels. Volume IV. Electric and
Hybrid Power Systems. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environmental
Programs Group.
0. E. Lapedes, M. G. Hinton, J. Meltzer, T. lura, and 0.
Dykema. Jul 74, 263p ATR-74(7325)-1-VOL-4, EPA/
460/3-74/013d
Contract EPA-68-01 -041 7
See also Volume 3, PB-276 155. Previously an-
nounced as EPA-460/3-74-013d-V4.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-276 152-
SET.
A summarization has been made of the available non-
proprietary Information on the technological status of
automotive power systems which are alternatives to
the conventional Internal combustion engine, and the
technological status of nonpetroleum-based fuels de-
rived from domestic sources which may have applica-
tion to future automotive vehicles. The material pre-
sented Is based principally upon the results of re-
search and technology activities sponsored under the
Alternative Automotive Power Systems Program which
was originated In 1970. Supplementary data are In-
cluded from programs sponsored by other government
agencies and by private industry. The results of the
study are presented in four volumes; this volume pre-
sents the current technological status of electric and
hybrid power systems.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Automotive fuels,
Electric automobiles, Flywheels, Storage batteries,
Stratified charge engines, Rankine cycle, Stirling cycle,
Gas turbine engines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel con-
sumption, 'Heat engines.
PB-276 166-8ET PC E13
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Wast* Prac-
tices In the Metal Smelting and Refining Industry.
CalspanCorp., Buffalo, N.Y.
1877,607p-ln4v
Set includes PB-276 169 thru PB-276 172.
No abstract available.
PB-27V 169/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices In the Metal Smelting and Refining Industry.
Volume I. Executive Summary. Final rept. May 74-
Apr 77,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Richard P. Leonard, Robert C. Zlegler. W. Richard
Brown, John Y. Yang, and Hans G. Reif. Apr 77, 59p*
EPA/530/SW-145C.1
Contract EPA-68-01 -2604
Se« also Volume 2, PB-276 1 70.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E1 3, PB-276 1 68-
8ET.
This report is the result of a study commissioned by the
U-S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
•Mess the waste generation, treatment, and disposal
Practices In the primary metals Industry. These studies
•We to provide EPA with: (1) an initial data base con-
cerning the current and projected types and quantities
of Industrial wastes, applicable treatment and disposal
wchnotogles and their associated costs; (2) a data
~~ for technical assistance activities; (3) a back-
ground for guidelines development work. The defini-
tion of 'potentially hazardous waste' in this study was
developed based upon contractor investigations and
professional judgment. Thus, the reader is cautioned
that the data presented in this report constitutes only
the contractor's assessment of the hazardous waste
management problems in this industry. The primary
included in this report are the following: Copper (SIC
3331); Lead (SIC 3332); Zinc (SIC 3333); Aluminum
(SIC 3334); Antimony (SIC 3339); Mercury (SIC 3339);
Titanium (SIC 3339); Tungsten (SIC 3339); Tin (SIC
3339); Magnesium (SIC 3339); Cadmium (SIC 3339).
The primary metal smelting and refining industries use
ore concentrates or other natural resources as raw
material, whereas the major raw materials for second-
ary industries is scrap metal.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Metal industry, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Smelting, Refining,
Slags, Dust, Sludge disposal, Leaching, Site surveys,
Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Aluminum, Antimony,
Mercury(Metal), Titanium, Tu.igsten, Tin, Magnesium,
Cadmium, Iron and steel industry, Lagoons(Ponds),
Linings, Cost estimates, Storage, Tables(Data), Land
disposal.
PB-276 170/8 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices In the Metal Smelting and Refining Industry.
Volume II. Primary and Secondary Nonferrous
Smelting and Refining. Final rept. May 74-Apr 77,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Richard P. Leonard, Robert C. Ziegler, W. Richard
Brown, John Y. Yag, and Hans G. Reif. Apr 77,325p*
EPA/530/SW-145C.2
Contract EPA-68-01 -2604
See also Volume 1, PB-276 169, and Volume 3, PB-
276 171.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, PB-276 168-
SET.
This volume presents the results of studies of the U.S.
primary and secondary non-ferrous smelting and refin-
ing industry. Characteristics of each industry sector, in-
cluding plant locations, production capacities, and
smelting and refining processes, have been identified
and described. Land-disposed or stored residuals, in-
cluding slags, dusts, and sludges have been identified
and characterized for physical and chemical proper-
ties. Current methods employed by the primary metals
industry for the disposal or storage of process and pol-
lution control residuals on land are described. Principal
methods include lagoon storage of sedges and open
dumping of slags. Methods ofresldual treatment and
disposal considered suitable for adequate health and
environmental protection have been provided. Finally,
the costs incurred by typical plants in each primary
smelting and refining category for current and environ-
mentally sound potentially hazardous residual disposal
or storage on land have been estimated.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Metal Industry, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Smelting, Refining,
Slags, Dust, Sludge disposal, Site surveys, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Aluminum, Antimony, Mercury, Tita-
nium, Tungsten, Tin, Magnesium, Cadmium, Arsenic,
Selenium, Tellurium, Gold, Sliver, Platinum, Bismuth,
Cobalt, Zirconium, Hafnium, Chemical composition,
Tables(Data), Cost estimates, Land disposal.
PB-276 171/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices In the Metal Smelting and Refining Industry.
Volume III. Ferrous Smelting and Refining. Final
rept. May 74-Apr 77,
CalspanCorp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Richard P. Leonard, Robert C. Zlegler, W. Richard
Brown, John Y. Yang, and Hans G. Reif. Apr 77,159p*
EPA/530/SW-145C.3
Contract EPA-68-01 -2604
See also Volume 2, PB-276 170, and Volume 4, PB-
97ft 179
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E13, PB-276 168-
SET.
This volume presents the results of studies of the U.S.
ferrous smelting and refining Industry Including Iron
and steel (SIC 3312), iron and steel foundries (SIC
332), ferroalloys (SIC 3313), and primary metal prod-
ucts not elsewhere classified (SIC 3399). Land-dis-
posed or stored residuals, including slags, dusts, and
sludges, have been identified and characterized by
physical and chemical properties. State, regional and
national estimates have been made of the total quanti-
ties of land-disposed or stored residuals and potential'
ly hazardous constituents thereof. Current methods
employed by the ferrous metals industry for the dispos-
al or storage of process and pollution control residuals
on land are described. Principal methods Include
lagoon storage of sludges, and open dumping of slags,
sludges and dusts. Methods of residual treatment and
disposal considered suitable for adequate health and
environmental protection have been provided. Finally,
the costs incurred by typical plants in each smelting
and refining category for current and environmentally
sound residual disposal or storage on land have been
estimated.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Iron and steel industry,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Found-
ries, Casting process, Iron alloys. Slags, Dust, Foundry
core sands, Storage, Sludge disposal, Coking, Smelt-
ing, Refining, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol, Process charting, Tables(Data), Environmental
impacts, Cost estimates, Land disposal.
PB-276 172/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices In the Metal Smelting and Refining Industry.
Volume IV. Appendices. Final rept. May 74-Apr 77,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Richard P. Leonard, Robert C. Ziegler, W. Richard
Brown, John Y. Yang, and Hans G. Reif. Apr 77,64p*
EPA/530/SW-145C.4
Contract EPA-68-01-2604
See also Volume 3, PB-276 171.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, PB-276 168-
SET.
Contents: Chemical analyses of residuals from metal
smelting and refining; Solubility tests and other criteria
for hazardous waste assessment; Costs and cost fac-
tors for treatment and disposal technologies; Proce-
dures for calculating waste quantities for the Iron and
steel industry.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Metal Industry, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Smelting, Re-
fining, Extraction, Slags, Dust, Sludge disposal, Stor-
age, Chemical composition, Solubility, Sampling,
Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Aluminum, Antimony,
Mercury(Metal), Tungsten, Iron and steel Industry, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Site surveys, Tables(Data),
Cost estimates.
PB-276 173/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Economic Impact of the Selenium Effluent Stand-
ard In Illinois (R76-21). Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Ronald C. Flemal, Robert W. Crown, Brenda E.
Morgan, and Donald C. Wllkln. Oct 77,99p IIEQ-77-34
Prepared In cooperation with Northern Illinois Univ., De
Kalb. Dept. of Geology and Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champalgn. Dept. of Landscape Architecture.
Contents:
Occurrences of selenium, inorganic;
Occurrences of selenium, organic;
Selenium standards and guidelines;
Performance to regulations;
Wastewater treatment technology and costs;
Cost/benefit considerations.
Keywords: 'Selenium, 'Illinois, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Regulations, Tech-
nology, Standards, Inorganic compounds, Surface
waters, Soil analysis, Water analysis, Gas analysis, Air
pollution, Industrial wastes, Toxlclty, Guidelines,
Dosage, Benefit cost analysis, Crude oil, Cost analysis,
Nutrients, Occurrence, Environments, Air water Inter-
faces.
PB-276 176/7
PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning i
ards
and stand-
December 1983 297
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An Implementation Plan for Suspended Partlcu-
late Matter In the Phoenix Area. Volume I. Air
Quality Analysis. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
George Richard, and Ron Tan. Nov 77,174p EPA/
450/3-77/0213
Contract EPA-68-01-3152
See also Volume 3 dated Aug 77, PB-271 970.
Contents:
General description of the study region;
Monitor site survey;
Statistical distributions of Hi-vol monitoring data;
Spatial distribution of suspended paniculate levels;
The relationship between meteorology and
suspended participate levels.
Keywords: 'Particles, *Air pollution control, Monitor-
Ing, Sites, Statistical analysis, Topography, Climatolo-
gy, Meteorology, Population, Land use, Economics,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric composi-
tion, Arizona, *Air quality, 'Phoenix(Arizona), *Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB-278 182/3 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Impact of the Proposed Illinois Special
Watte Hauling Regulations (R76-10). Final rept.,
ETA Engineering, Inc., Oak Brook, III.
Roger K. Raufer, and Keven G. Croke. Oct 77,142p
IIEQ-77/26
This study analyzes the economic impact of a pro-
posed regulation (R76-10), which is designed to pre-
vent illegal disposal of 'special' wastes by waste haul-
ers. 'Special' wastes have three components: hazard-
ous wastes, pollution control residuals and industrial
process effluents. The proposed regulation has two
principal parts: (1) A permit requirement for special
waste haulers; (2) A manifest system for the generator,
hauler and receiver of special waste. The annual per-
mits will require information concerning the type of
equipment, vehicle capacity and type of services of-
fered by haulers. The manifest system requires that a
document describing the quantity, composition and
origin of special waste accompany the waste from
generator to final storage, treatment and/or disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Economic analy-
sis, Hauling, Septic tanks, Licenses, Environmental im-
pacts, Water pollution, G9vernment policies, Prices,
Effluents, Inventories, Public health, Illinois.
PB-278 197/1 Not available NTIS
Methoxychlor and DOT Degradation In Water:
Rates and Products. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
N. Lee Wolfe, Richard G. Zepp, Doris F. Paris, George
L. Baughman, and Reginald C. Hollis. 26 May 77,6p
EPA/600/J-77/059
Presented at the Div. of Pesticide Chemistry, ACS,
(172nd Meeting), San Francisco, Calif. 29 Aug-3 Sep
76.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
n12p1077-1081 1977.
Methoxychlor (2,2-bis(methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichlor-
oethane) and DDT (2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trich-
loroethane) undergo different hydrolytic degradation
pathways in water at pH's common to the aquatic envi-
ronment. For methoxychlor at common aquatic pH's,
the reaction is pH independent, and at 27 degrees the
half-life Is about 1 year. On the other hand, for DDT the
reaction is pH dependent, and at 27 degrees and pH 7
the half-life is about 8 years. The major products of
methoxychlor hydrolysis at pH 7 are anisoin, anisil, and
DMDE (2,2-bis(methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene);
the major product of DDT is DDE (2,2-bis-(chloro-
phenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene). Hydrolytic degradation
half-lives of metabolites and reported breakdown
products are estimated and compared with the parent
compounds. The contribution of hydrolysis is depend-
ent on the amount of methoxychlor and DDT in aque-
ous solution. Calculations with partition coefficients in-
dicate that even though high concentrations of these
two compounds are present in the sediment and biota,
a large fraction can be in solution.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, *DDT, 'Water pollution,
'Water analysis, Degradation, Water, Chlorine organic
compounds, Hydrolysis, Chemical analysis, Reprints,
•Methoxychlor, Dichlorodiphenyltnchloroethane,
Ethane/trichloro-bis(methoxyphenyl), 'Water pollution
detection.
PB-276 199/7 Not available NTIS
Photochemical Transformation of the DDT and
Methoxychlor Degradation Products, DDE and
DMDE, by Sunlight. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
R. G. Zepp, N. L. Wolfe, L. V. Azarraga, R. H. Cox, and
C. W. Pape. 18 Dec 76,11p EPA/600/J-77/058
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v6 p305-314 1977.
DDE and DMDE, degradation products of the pesti-
cides DDT and methoxychlor, rapidly undergo an un-
usual photoisomerization in solution when exposed to
sunlight. The isomerization involves the exchange of a
vinyl chlorine and an ortho aromatic hydrogen. Other
photoproducts identified were corresponding benzo-
phenonea and 1,1-diaryl-2-chloroethy(enes. Quantum
yields for the reactions were measured and then used
to compute sunlight photolysis half-lives for DMDE and
DDE. Although both compounds absorb only the short-
wavelength ultraviolet component of sunlight, their
photolysis was found to be surprisingly rapid. During
summer at latitude 40 degrees N, the photolysis half-
lives near the surface of a water body are one hour and
one day for dissolved DMDE and DDE, respectively.
Photolysis of the DDE photoisomers is about an order
of magnitude slower than that of DDE, suggesting that
they may accumulate under environmental conditions.
The DDE photoisomers photocyclize to form chlorinat-
ed dibenzofulvene and dichlorofluorenone. Neither
DDE nor its photoisomers photoreact in solution to
form RGB's, the environmental significance of these
results is discussed, and it is suggested that the persis-
tence of DDE in inland surface waters may be related
to its tendency to sorb onto sediments and biota where
no light is present.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *DDT, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Photolysis, Degradation, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Isomerization, Insecticides, Reprints, 'Meth-
oxychlor, Ethane/trichloro-bis(methoxyphenyl), 'DDE
insecticide, Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro,
•DMDE insecticide, Ethylene/bis(methoxyphenyl)-
dichloro.
PB-276 239/1 PC A02/MF A01
Look What's Become of Chemical Analysis. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Andrew E. O'Keeffe. 1977,5p EPA/600/J-77/054
Pub. in Chemtech, v7 p687-689 Nov 77.
Comparative analytical procedures are defined, and
their evolution from absolute methods in response to
increasing demands for sensitivity is discussed. The
total dependence of such methods upon accurate and
reliable calibration mixtures is pointed out in some
detail. Illustrative examples are given, drawn from the
field of gaseous air-pollutant analysis. Applicability is
projected to include newly arising sensitivity needs in
the 10 to the negative 12th power regime.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution, Calibrat-
ing, Sensitivity.
PB-276 240/9 PC A02/MF AQ1
Eye Irritation as an Effect of Photochemical Air
Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A. P. Altshuller. 1977,4p EPA/600/J-77/055
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v27
n11 p1125-1126 1977.
The relationships between eye irritation and oxidant
concentrations in the atmosphere have been re-
viewed. Eye irritation is considered relative to symp-
toms associated with health effects of photochemical
air pollution. Some of the chemical, physiological and
psychological aspects of eye irritation are discussed in
trying to account for the intensity of eye irritation epi-
sodes.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Toxicity, 'Eye injuries,
'Ozone, Relationships, Physiological effects, Psycho-
logical effects, Concentration(Composition), Stand-
ards, Smog, Exposure, Signs and symptoms, Re-
sponses, Air pollution, Environmental health, Reprints,
Eye irritants, 'Photochemical oxidants, *Air pollution
effects(Hurnans), 'Toxic substances, Threshold limit
values, Maximum permissible exposure level.
PB-276 241/7 PC A03/MF A01
Temperature Requirements of Some Perclds and
Adaptations to the Seasonal Temperature Cycle.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello,
Minn.
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson. 27 May 77,29p EPA/600/J-
77/060
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v34 n10 p1524-1550 1977.
Temperature requirements are reviewed for three
North American percids (walleye, Stizostedion vitreum;
sauger, S. canadense; and yellow perch, Perca flaves-
cens), three Eurasian percids (perch, P. fluviatilis; pike-
perch, S. lucioperca; and ruffe, Gymnocephalus
cernua), and nine cohabitant fish species for compari-
son. Whole-organism responses are described for
each species-primarily concerning reproduction,
growth, survival, and activity. The percids are classified
as temperature mesotherms and hey are arranged in
order of their thermal requirements as follows: pike-
perch perches and ruffe sauger walleye. Perca and Sti-
zostedion spp. are annual spawners with synchronous
oocyte growth during fall through winter, culminating in
spring spawning. Maturation occurs below 12(C).
Spawning occurs from late February to early July at 2-
26(C) over their geographic ranges. Oocyte growth of
ruffe is asynchronous, accelerated by warm tempera-
tures; batch spawning occurs over a prolonged period,
from mid-April through July at 11-18(C). Physiological
optima range from 22(C) for sauger and walleye to
25(C) for perch and 27(C) for pikeperch. The ultimate
upper incipient lethal temperatures of percids range
from 29 to 35(C), depending on species and experi-
mental conditions.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Perch, 'Tempera-
ture, 'Adaptation, Reproduction(Biology), Life cycles,
Growth, Seasonal variations, Temperature gradients,
Animal migrations, Seasonal variations, Maturation,
Survival, Canada, Reprints, Stizostedion vitreum, Sti-
zostedion canadense, Perca flavescens, Perca fluviati-
lis, Stizostedin lucioperca, Gymnocephalus cernua.
PB-276 242/5 PC A02/MF A01
Factors Influencing Year-Class Strength of Per-
cids: A Summary and a Model of Temperature Ef-
fects. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello,
Minn.
J. F. Koonce, T. B. Bagenal, R. F. Carline, K. E. F.
Hokanson, and M. Nagiec. 8 Jun 77,14p EPA/600/J-
77/061
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v34 n10 p1900-1909 1977. Prepared in coop-
eration with Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland,
Ohio. Dept. of Biology., and Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus. Dept. of Zoology.
Factors regulating year-class strength in the percid
genera Stizostedion and Perca are summarized. Some
index of water temperature regime correlates signifi-
cantly with year-class strength of percids in many wa-
terbodies, in several lakes in North America. A probab-
listic model is proposed to explain the basis of tem-
perature dependence of year-class strength in percids,
but tests of the model using Lake Erie data indicated
that observed correlations between temperature and
year-class strength of yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
and walleye may not be the result of direct effects of
the temperature regime on survivorship of early life-
history phases.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Heat stress, Lakes, Survival,
Mathematical models, Life cycles, Temperature, Mor-
tality, Statistical data, Reproduction(Biology), Lake
Erie, Correlation techniques, Tables(Data), Canada,
'Walleye, Reprints, 'Stizostedion vitreum, 'Perca
flavescens.
PB-276 2S4-SET MFI75.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light/Heavy Duty Vehicles.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
1977,30471 p-in15v
298 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Set includes PB-276 255 thru PB-276 261, PB-276 263
thru PB-276 267 and PB-276 551 thru PB-276 553.
Microfiche copies only.
No abstract available.
PB-276 2S5/7 MFS12.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Modal Yaar
Light-Duty Vehicles - Qenaral Motors Corporation.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
Dec 77,5163p EPA/460/A-78/07
See also PB-276 256.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description ot the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'General Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 256/5 MF$10.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
Dec 77,4311p EPA/460/A-78/06
See also PB-276 255 and PB-276 257.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Ford Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 257/3 MF$9.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Dec 77,335 fp EPA/460/A-78/04
See also PB-276 256 and PB-276 258.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile Industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Chrysler Corpora-
tion, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 258/1 MFS8.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - British Leyland.
British Leyland Motors, Inc., Leonia, N.J.
Dec 77,2631 p EPA/460/A-78/03
See also PB-276 257 and PB-276 259.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motoracycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'British Leyland
Motors, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 259/9 MFS8.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Dec 77,2417p EPA/460/ A-78/01
See also PB-276 258 and PB-276 260.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile Industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, "American Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 260/7 MF$8.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Toyota.
Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., Lyndhurst, N.J.
Dec 77,2440p EPA/460/A-78/10
See also PB-276 259 and PB-276 261.
Also available in set ol 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evappration control. Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Toyota Motor
Sales, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 261/5 MFS6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - BMW.
BMW of North America, Inc., Montvale, N.J.
Dec 77,1221 p EPA/460/A-78/02
See also PB-276 260 and PB-276 263.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars) light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile Industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'BMW of North
America, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 263/1 MF$5.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi Motors Corpora-
tion.
MMC Services, Inc., Southfield, Mich.
Dec 77, 736p EPA/460/A-78/09
See also PB-276 261 and PB-276 264.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
December 1983 299
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming rrradel year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle pat imeters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Mitsubishi Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 264/9 MFS5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification tor 1978 Model Year
Heavy Duty Engines - General Motors Corpora-
tion.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
Dec 77,994p EPA/460/A-78/11
See also PB-276 263 and PB-276 265.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'General Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 265/6 MFS5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy Duty Engines - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
Dec 77,908p EPA/460/A-78/12
See also PB-276 264 and PB-276 266.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certificaton, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Ford Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 266/4 MFS5.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Applications for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy Duty Engines - Cummins Engine Company,
Inc.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, Ind.
Dec 77,695p EPA/460/A-78/05
See also PB-276 265 and PB-276 267.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Cummins Engine
Company, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 267/2 MFS4.7S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy Duty Engines - American Motors Corpora-
tion.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Dec 77,339p EPA/460/A-78/16
See also PB-276 266 and PB-276 551.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'American Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 268/0 PC A02/MF A01
Oxidative Treatment of Industrial Wastewater,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J.
Fred Ellerbusch, and Herbert S. Skovronek. Sep 77,
110EPA/600/J-77/057
Pub. in Industrial Water Engineering, p20-29 Sep 77.
This paper defines Industrial waste treatment process
as falling into categories of oxidatlve destruction, re-
ductive destruction, and non-destructive, separation
operations. The various oxidative approaches, Includ-
ing biological, chemical and thermal methods, are then
discussed in detail in this first paper of a series. Advan-
tages, disadvantages and generalized cost compari-
sons are presented. U.S. EPA sponsored projects are
identified, where possible, as examples of the various
technologies which can be referred to by the reader.
The paper attempts to alert ihe reader to the wide
range of oxidative processes that can be used as part
of a composite pollution abatement system, and to the
advantages and limitations of these techniques.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Oxidation, Thermal degradation, Inciner-
ators, Activated sludge, Filters, Lagoons(Ponds),
Ozone, Electrochemistry, Permanganates, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Biological industrial waste treat-
ment, Wet methods, Trickling filters, Chemical
attack(Degradation), Chemical oxygen demand, Re-
prints.
PB-276 295/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Analysis of SO2 Emission Control Alternatives for
the Cabras Power Plant, Guam Power Authority.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
13 May 75,140p
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
Guam Power Authority and the U.S. Navy own and op-
erate the nine power generating facilities on Guam.
None of the powerplants on Guam have any control
equipment for paniculate or sulfur emission. All plants
exceed Guam's emission rate regulation for existing
sources and three plants have been responsible for
SO2 episode levels. This report explores several op-
tions for meeting the SO2 emission limitation. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control,
'Electric power plants, Guam, Sources, Combustion
products, Regulations, Standards, Mathematical
models, Fuel on, Flue gases, Scrubbers, Particles, Air
quality, Low sulfur fuel, Refuse derived fuels, 'Cabras
power plant.
PB-276 303/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analytic.
Group 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1970,86p-in 8 articles
Consists of PB-276 304 thru PB-276 311.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis.
PB-276 304/3
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Simultaneous Gas Chromatographlc Determina-
tion of 2,4-D and Dlcamba In Human Blood and
Urine,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Hawaii Community Studies on
Pesticides.
Jerry B. Rivers, William L. Yauger, Jr., and Howard W.
Klemmer. 14 Apr 70,4p
Contract FDA-86-65-79
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, 50 p334-3371970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
The compounds 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-
D) and 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba)
are herbicides commonly used to control a variety of
broadleaf plants. An acute poisoning case was recent-
ly investigated by the Hawaii Community Study on Pes-
ticides in which the victim Intentionally ingested a for-
mulation containing 2,4-D and dicamba. The occur-
rence of this attempted suicide created a need for a
rapid and sensitive method for detecting these com-
pounds in small amounts of human blood and urine.
The Hawaii Community Study on Pesticides uses the
method of Bevenue et al. to determine pentachloro-
phenol (PCP) residues in human blood. In an evalua-
tion done by this laboratory, the procedure was shown
to be rapid, accurate, sensitive and reproducible. Be-
cause 2,4-D and dicamba display chemical character-
300 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
istics similar to those of PGP, these compounds are
also detected by the procedure.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, "Herbi-
cides, 'Blood chemical analysis, Chlorine organic
compounds, Gas chromatography, Urine, Trace ele-
ments, Toxic diseases, Diagnosis, Reprints, *D2-4 her-
bicide, Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, 'Dicamba, Anisic
acid/dichloro, 'Urinalysis, Pesticide residues, Toxic
substances.
PB-276 305/0
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Measurement of Endrln Following Epidemics of
Poisoning,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
August Curley, Ralph W. Jennings, Helen T. Mann, and
Vincent Sedlak. 1970, 6p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 n1 p24-291970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis, Group 4, PB-276 303.
Between 3 June and 15 July 1967, four explosive out-
breaks of acute poisoning with the insecticide endrin
occurred in Doha, Qatat and Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. They
resulted in the hospitalization of 874 persons and the
death of 26 persons. This paper reports only the au-
thors' chemical studies concerned with the outbreaks.
It describes the method used, and summarizes the
chemical evidence that endrin from contaminated flour
was, In fact, the cause of illness. The paper also pre-
sents available measurements pertaining to the distri-
bution of endrin and its rate of loss in man.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Endrin,
'Insecticides, 'Toxic diseases. Insecticides, Chlorine
organic compounds, Public health, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Toxicity, Extraction, Concentration(Composition),
Saudi Arabia, Reprints, Dimethanonaphthalenes,
Toxic substances.
PB-276 306/8
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
A Method for Determination of Low Levels of Ex-
posure to 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. T. Shafik, Hazel C. Sullivan, and H. F. Enos. 15 Jan
71.11P
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v1p23-331971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
A method has been developed for the determination of
trace quantities of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T),
2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and 2,4,5-trichloro-
phenol (2,4,5-TCP) in human and rat urine. The
method Involves acid hydrolysis of the phenolic conju-
gates, extraction of the free phenols and acids, ethyla-
fion with diazoethane, silica-gel column chromatogra-
phy clean-up of the derivatized urine extract, and gas
chromatographic determination using the electron-
capture detector.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Trace
elements, Herbicides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Urine, Laboratory animals, Humans, Rats, Hydrolysis,
Electron capture, Gas chromatography, Reprints, *D2-
4 herbicide, 'T2-4-5 herbicide, Acetic acid/dichloro-
phenoxy, Acetic acid/trlchlorophenoxy, 'TCP 2-4-5
herbicide, *DCP 2-4 herbicide, Phenol/trlchloro,
Phenol/dlchloro, 'Urinalysis, Electron capture gas
chromatography, Toxic substances.
PB-276 307/6
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Relative Retention Ratios of Ninety-Five Pesti-
cides and Metabolites on Nine Gas-Liquid Chro-
matographic Columns Over a Temperature Range
of 170 to 204C In Two Detection Modes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John F. Thompson, Jon B. Mann, Alfred O. Apodaca,
and Edward J. Kantor. 28 Jan 75,14p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v58 p1038-1050, Sep 75.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
Tables of relative retention data are presented for 95
organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticidal
compounds at column oven temperatures from 170 to
204 degrees C in 2 degree increments. Studies re-
vealed a linear relationship between column tempera-
ture and relative retention ratios; thus, by obtaining
precise values by gas-liquid chromatograhy for a
number of pesticidal compounds at 170, 185, and 200
degrees C, a computer program was developed to
obtain RRT (A or P) values at all 2 degree increments
from 170 to 204 degrees C, the customary limits in the
gas-liquid chromatography of pesticides. The tables
are valuable in the tentative identification of pesticidal
peaks resulting from the chromatography of sample
extracts for multiresidue assessment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Gas chro-
matography, Chlorine organic compounds, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Metabolism, Tables(Data),
Reprints, Pesticide residues, Toxic substances.
PB-276 308/4
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Measurement of Blood Chollnesterase: A Critical
Account of Methods of Estimating Chollnesterase
with Reference to Their Usefulness and Limita-
tions Under Different Conditions,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert F. Witter. 29 Aug 62,27p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v6 p537-
563, Apr 63.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
Contents: Properties of red cell and plasma chollnes-
terase; Conditions necessary for the assay of cholines-
terase; Specific methods for the determination of cho-
linesterase; General sources of error in the determina-
tion of cholinesterase; Cholinesterase assays on the
blood of persons exposed to carbamate insecticides;
Analysis of autopsy specimens.
Keywords: 'Blood chemical analysis, 'Cholinesterase,
'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, Insecticides, Cholin-
esterase inhibitors, Error analysis, Carbamates, En-
zymes, Histology, Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB-276 309/2
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
A Simplified Method tor Analysis of DDT and DDE
In Blood for Epldemlologlc Purposes,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gigi A. Nachman, Joseph J. Freal, Ann Barquet, and
Carmen Morgade. 8 Aug 68,6p
Pub. In Hearth Laboratory Science, v6 n3 p148-153,
Jul 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
A modification of the Dale, Curley, and Cueto method
for the determination of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in
whole blood is described. It offers the advantages of
rapidity and simplicity over the original method In the
laboratory analysis of a large number of blood sam-
ples. Reproducibllity and percentage recovery of the
organochlorine pesticide residues were found entirely
satisfactory. The modification was comparable, (r) =
0.92, to the original method when used with whole
blood. Plasma and whole blood values of DDT and
DDE were found to be unrelated to actual hematocrit
corrections when readings were between 40 percent
and 54 percent. It is speculated that this would not be
true with blood specimens exhibiting high degrees of
hemoconcentration or hemodilution. The correlation of
both DDT and DDE concentrations in plasma with
those in whole blood was (r) = 0.91 when the hemato-
crit was assumed to be 50 percent.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, 'Blood
analysis, "DDT, Insecticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Public health, Gas chromatography, Reprints.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 'DDE insecticide,
Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-276 310/0
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Analytic Methods for Pesticides and Antibiotics In
Food,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham. 1961,8p
Pub. in the Public Health Laboratory, V19 n3 p47-54,
May 61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
The wide-spread use of biologically active chemicals,
including pesticides and antibiotics, involves a poten-
tial health hazard. Measurement of residues of these
materials in foods is a necessary part of the evaluation
of this hazard. Although the organic phosphorus insec-
ticides are, in general, more toxic, the chlorinated hy-
drocarbon compounds present more of a residue
hazard due to their greater stability. The major problem
associated with antibiotics in food materials involves
residues in milk. Analytical methods applicable to
some of the common pesticides and antibiotics are re-
viewed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Food
contamination, 'Antibiotics, Food chains, Residues,
Bioassay, Plants(Botany), Milk, Cattle, Reprints, Pesti-
cide residues, Analytical methods, Toxic substances.
PB-276 311/8
(Order as PB-276 303, MF A01)
Qas Chromatographic Analysis of Pentachloro-
phenol In Human Urine by Formation of Alkyl
Ethers,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Morris Cranmer, and Joseph Freal. 1970,8p
Pub. In Life Sciences, v9 p121 -1281970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 4, PB-276 303.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a herbicide, defoliant, and
antimicrobic chemical used throughout the United
States as a preservative agent for many products. The
ubiquity of human exposure to this potentially danger-
ous compound has prompted concern in the field of
public health. This interest has been stimulated by sev-
eral recent industrial and public intoxications which re-
sulted in fatalities. This report describes a simple and
rapid method for the determination of PCP based upon
its conversion to any one or more of seven possible
alkyl ethers. PCP ethers are detected and quantitated
by electron capture gas chromatography and their
identity is confirmed by p-values. Data are presented
for seven GLC columns and three p-value solvent sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas
chromatography, Herbicides, Urine, Humans, Public
health, Electron capture, Chlorine organic compounds.
Reprints, *PCP herbicide, Phenol/pentachloro, Elec-
tron capture gas chromatography, 'Urinalysis, Toxic
substances.
PB-276 312/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues In the En-
vironment. Group 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1872,37p-in 5 articles
Consists of PB-276 313 thru PB-276 317.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Pesticides, 'Pesticide resi-
dues.
PB-276 313/4
(Order as PB-276 312, MF A01)
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls In the Surface Waters
and Bottom Sediments of the Major Drainage
Basins of the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
D. Steve Dennis. 1974,12p
Pub. In unidentified Jnl.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312.
Data gathered from monitoring activities indicate the
widespread occurrence of PCB s in surface waters and
bottom sediments of the major drainage basins of the
United States. A preliminary assessment of PCB levels
shows median residue levels of the positive detections
for the years 1971 to 1974 ranging between 0.1 to 3.0
micrograms/l for unfiltered water samples and from
1.2 to 160.0 micrograms/kg for bottom sediments. The
highest levels were found in basins east of the Missis-
sippi and bottom sediments may contain concentra-
tions of PCB's many times higher than those In the
overlying water.
December 1983 301
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Biphenyls, 'Pesticides, Moni-
toring, Chlorine organic compounds, Surface waters,
Sediments, Concentration(Comppsition), Hazards,
Rivers, Streams, Watersheds, United States, Puerto
Rico, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro,
'Pesticide residues.
PB-276 314/2
(Order as PB-276 312, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides and Mercury
In Coastal Biota, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin
lslands-1972-74,
Georgia Univ., Sapelo Island. Marine Inst.
Robert J. Reimold 1975,6P CONTRIB-286
Contract EPA-68-02-1254
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n1 p39-43, Jun
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312.
Baseline levels of mercury and chlorinated hydrocar-
bons were determined for Caribbean coastal biota as
part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency es-
turarine monitoring program. Forty-one percent of the
150 environmental samples taken had significant
levels of these compounds. Concentrations of chlorin-
ated hydrocarbons suggest spatial and temporal vari-
ations within the plant or animal. In some cases resi-
dues in biota could be related to the land-use practices
in the sampled watershed.
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Chlorohydrocarbons,
'Mercury(Metal), 'Pesticides, Monitoring, Estuaries,
Concentration(Composition), Aquatic animals, Aquatic
plants, Watersheds, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico,
Coasts, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues, Baseline meas-
urement.
PB-276 315/9
(Order as PB-276 312, MF A01)
PCB's In Agricultural and Urban Soil,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
A. E. Carey, and J. A. Gowen. 1972,4p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in soil have been monitored
since 1972 as part of the National Soils Monitoring
Program, originally established to measure pesticide
residue levels in agricultural soils, raw agricultural
commodities, and urban soils across the Nation. The
PCB's are monitored as part of this program because
of their chemical similarity to certain chlorinated pesti-
cides. The PCB's have rarely been detected in agricul-
tural soils of the United States. Only 0.1 percent of the
soil samples collected in the National Soils Monitoring
Program for 1972 contained detectable PCB levels.
However, detectable levels of PCB's occur more fre-
quently in urban soils. Of the 19 metropolitan areas
sampled since 1971, 12 of the cities, or 63 percent
showed detectable PCB levels. The most commonly
encountered PCB was Aroclor 1254, which was identi-
fied in approximately 40 percent of the positive sam-
ples, while Aroclor 1260 was prevalent in about 20 per-
cent of the positive samples.
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Biphenyls, 'Pesticides, Moni-
toring, Soils, Farm crops, Urban areas, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Agriculture, United States, 'Pesticide
residues, * Polychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclor 1254,
Aroclor 1260, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-276 316/7
(Order as PB-276 312, MF A01)
Persistence of Parathlon In Soil,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
H. R. Wolfe, D. C. Staiff, J. F. Armstrong, and S. W.
Comer. 1973,9p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n1 p1-91973.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312.
Concern about persistence of synthetic pesticides in
soil and the environment in general has been greater
where chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds ha/e been
involved than where organophosphorus pesticides
have been used. The purpose of the study was to de-
termine the disappearance of parathion residues in soil
following topical applications of the compound. The re-
sults are intended to have application to problems re-
lated to waste pesticide disposal, of leaching, and of
degradation or disappearance of parathion in the envi-
ronment, as well as to the problem of hazard to chil-
dren who may come in contact with contaminated spill-
age areas.
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Pesticides, Monitoring, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Soils, Nitro compounds, Hydrocarbons, Deg-
radation, Hazards, Leaching, Reprints, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, 'Parathion, Phosphorothioic acid/0-0-(dimethyl-
ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-276 317/5
(Order as PB-276 312, MF A01)
Spillage of Pesticides and Residues In Soil,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
H. R. Wolfe, and W. f. Durham. 1966,2p
Pub. in the Washington State Horticultural Association
Proc. 62, p91-921966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in the Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312.
In the orchard areas of central Washington is one of
the highest rates of pesticide usage of any area in the
United States. In recent years, emphasis has been
placed in presentations before this Association on the
hazard of pesticides to spraymen and other agricultur-
al workers and on the danger of improper disposal of
supposedly empty pesticide containers. The report dis-
cusses hazards in handling, and safety measures.
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Soils, 'Pesticides, Hazards,
Materials handling, Safety, Washington(State), 'Pesti-
cide residues.
PB-276 320/9 MF A01
Journal Articles on Chemical Residues In Man.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1967,66p-in 5 articles
Consists of PB-276 321 thru PB-276 325.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and
health, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-276 321/7
(Order as PB-276 320, MF A01)
Epldemlologlcal Notes and Reports: Pentachloro-
phenol Poisoning In Newborn Infants.
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
1967,2p
Pub. in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, v16 n40
P334-335 n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276 320.
From April to August 1967, nine cases of a clinically
distinct illness characterized by fever and profuse
sweating occurred in a small nursery for newborns in
St. Louis, Missouri. Two of the cases were fatal. Only
after the ninth case developed was it discovered that
an antimildew agent, containing a high concentration
of sodium pentachlorophenate (the sodium salt of pen-
tachlorophenol), was being used in the hospital laun-
dry. All of the clinical, epidemiological, and biochemi-
cal evidence indicated that this outbreak resulted from
pentachlorophenol poisoning. The only identified
mode of exposure was skin absorption of sodium pen-
tachlorophenate residues on diapers and other fabrics,
resulting from the misuse of the antimildew agent in
the finallaundry rinse.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, 'Toxic diseases,
Infants, Disinfectants, Hospitals, Signs and symptoms,
Blood chemical analysis, Histology, Pathology, Diag-
nosis, Laundries, Absorption(Blology), Skin(Anatomy),
Exposure, Reprints, 'Pnenol/pentachloro, Urinalysis,
'Toxic substances.
PB-276 322/5
(Order as PB-276 320, MF A01)
The Effect of Aerially Applied Malathlon on an
Urban Population,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Allan L. Gardner, and Ronald E. Everson. 30 Dec 67,
4p
Pub. in Arch Environmental Health, v16 p823-826, Jun
68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276 320.
During the St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Corpus
Christ!, Tex., in the fall of 1966, malathion was applied
by aerial spraying over the city and outskirts to control
the vector mosquito. A group of 119 volunteers who re-
ceived varying degrees of exposure to this spray was
studied. This involved comparing pre-spray and posts-
pray cholinesterase activities and compiling histories
of exposure and symptoms. A 5% incidence of mild
and transient symptoms such as headache, nausea,
and weakness was noted in the exposed volunteers,
but there were no pathognomonic signs. There was no
correlation of symptom frequency or severity with
enzyme activity and no statistically or clinically signifi-
cant change in enzyme activity related to time of spray-
ing. It was concluded that there is negligible risk to
human health involved in aerial applications of mal-
athion.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Malathion, 'Insecticides,
Spraying, Phosphorus organic compounds, Urban
areas, Populations, Exposure, Signs and symptoms,
Toxic diseases, Public health, Cholinesterase inhibi-
tors, Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB-276 323/3
(Order as PB-276 320, MF A01)
Arsenic Levels In Urine of Forest Workers Apply-
ing Sllvlcldes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Robert F. Tarrant, and Jack Allard. 6 Dec 71, 4p
Pub. in Arch Environmental Health, v24 p277-280, Apr
72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276 320.
Forest tree thinning workers absorb arsenic from silvi-
cides. Much of the chemical appears to be excreted
from the body in a short time. There appears to be no
evidence of a continuing increase in arsenic levels
over a period of more than two months. Persons using
these materials should be trained to observe all neces-
sary precautions to minimize their exposure.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, Forestry, Personnel, Metabolism,
Absorption(Biolqgy), Excretion, Exposure, Reprints,
Urinalysis, 'Toxic substances, 'Agricultural workers,
'Occupational safety and health.
PB-276 324/1
(Order as PB-276 320, MF A01)
Pesticide Residues In Foods In Relation to Human
Health,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
W.F.Durham. 1963,S2p
Pub. in Residue Reviews, v4 P34-81 1963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276 320.
Contents:
Pharmacologic responses of experimental animals
and man to pesticides;
Quantitative dosage-effect relationship for
pesticides in man;
Residues in food and water;
Harmful effects from naturally-occurring food
constituents;
Human poisoning cases from residues.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Food contami-
nation, Diet, Humans, Ingestion(Biology), Dosage,
Public health, Toxicity, Pathology, Chlorohydrocar-
bons, Phosphorus organic compounds, Toxic dis-
eases, Water supply, Reprints, Pesticide residues,
'Toxic substances, Neurotoxiclty, Carclnogenesis.
PB-276 325/8
(Order as PB-276 320, MF A01)
Dursban Premises Applications and Their Effect
on the Chollnetterase Levels of Spraymen,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
D. A. Eliason, M. F. Cranmer, D. L. von Wlndeguth, J.
W. Kilpatrick, and J. E. Suggs. 1969,5p
Pub. in the Mosquito News, v29 n4 p591-595, Dec 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Chemical
Residues in Man, PB-276 320.
302 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The conclusion is that Dursban emulsion or suspen-
sion formulations are not acceptable for use as a
premises larvicide treatment in the control of Ae. ae-
gypti under the conditions now present in the United
States. It is conceivable that Dursban could be used as
a graular formulation, at a much lower dosage as de-
scribed for a non-residual type of larviciding or at an in-
termittent or less frequent interval without any effect
on cholinesterase levels. The findings also suggest
that the use of Dursban in any operation similar to that
described previously might produce a depression of
cholinesterase levels. Therefore, on all such control
programs, careful monitoring of the cholinesterase
levels of spraymen should be included in the oper-
ation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, * Cholinesterase
inhibitors, 'Industrial medicine, Phosphorothioates,
Spraying, Personnel, Toxicology, Biochemistry,
Enzyme inhibitors, Field tests, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Dursban, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB-276 326/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Content In Food and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1965,60p-in 7 articles
Consists of PB-276 327 thru PB-276 333.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Food
contamination, 'Toxic substances, 'Pesticide resi-
dues.
PB-276 327/4
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
DDT and DDE Content of Complete Prepared
Meals,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham, John F. Armstrong, and Griffith E.
Quinby. 6 Jul 65, 7p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v2 p641-
647,Nov65.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content in Food and Man, PB-276 326.
The DDT and DDE contents of 29 complete prepared
meals were determined. Seven meals contained no
detectable DDT or DDE. One additional meal did not
contain measurable DDT. No DDE was found in two
other meals. Comparison of the results of the present
study with those of earlier studies indicates that the
DDT content of the total diet has decreased between
1953 and 1963.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Food contamination, 'DDT,
Chlorine organic compounds, Tables(Data), Experi-
mental data, Diet, Concentration(Composition), Insec-
ticides, Eggs, Food consumption, Dosage, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'DDE insecticide, 'Pesticide residues, Re-
prints.
PB-276 328/2
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
Dlchlorodlphenyltrlchloroethane and Dlchlorodl-
Phenyldlchloroethylene Content of Prepared
Meals,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Kenneth C. Walker, Mary B. Goette, and Gordon S.
Batchelor.2Sep54,4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v2 n20
p1034-1037,29Sep54.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content in Food and Man, PB-276 326.
Small quantities of DDT and DDE have been found In
the body fat of humans. DDT has had wide use on food
and forage crops and for control of insect-borne dis-
eases. DDT and DDE were found In all meals ana-
l/zed, but in small quantities, and are not considered a
lexicological health hazard. In the case of foods In-
tended for human consumption, the DDE content as
well as the DDT content should be determined.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, 'Food contamination,
insecticides, Humans, Chlorine organic compounds,
wet, Body fat, Tablea(Data), Experimental data. De-
tection, Concentration(Composition), Toxic sub-
stances, 'Pesticide residues, 'DDE Insecticide, Re-
prints.
PB-276 329/0
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
Monitoring Food and People for Pesticide Con-
tent,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1966,30p
Pub. in Scientific Aspects of Pest Control, n1402 p314-
3421966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content In Food and Man, PB-276 326.
The purpose of this paper is to outline what is already
Known about the scientific principles of absorption,
storage, and excretion and about the occurrence of
pesticides in our food and in our bodies; how studies of
these things are being expanded; and why our con-
cepts need to be carefully evaluated.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Food contamination,
Tissues(Biology), Metabolism, Monitors,
AbsorptionfBiology), Storage, Excretion, Insecticides,
Research, Exposure, Tables(Data), Body fat, Experi-
mental data, Detection, Concentration(Compositlon),
Humans, Diet, 'Toxic substances, 'Pesticide residues,
'DDE insecticide, Reprints, Bioaccumulatlon, Adipose
tissue.
PB-276 330/8
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
Levels of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls In Adipose
Tissue of the General Population of the Nation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Anne R. Yobs. Apr 72,3p
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, n1 p79-81,
Apr 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content In Food and Man, PB-276 326.
Polychlorinated biphenyls have been found in measur-
able amounts in 31.1% of 637 samples of human adi-
pose tissue collected from the general population as a
part of the Human Monitoring Survey. Sample collec-
tion involved 1B States and the District of Columbia.
Positive samples were obtained from every State sam-
pled.
Keywords: 'Body fat, 'Pesticides, Tissues(Biology),
Chlorine organic compounds, Humans, Sampling, De-
tection, Tables(Data), Concentratlon(Composltion),
Surveys, Monitors, Mass spectroscopy, Pathology,
United States, 'Pesticide residues, Adipose tissue,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Reprints, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-276 331/6
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
Residues of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls In the
General Population of the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frederick W. Kutz, and S. C. Strassman. 1973,5p
Pub. In unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content in Food and Man, PB-276 326.
Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls have been
found in human tissue and in milk collected from the
general population of the United States. In a national
survey of human adipose tissue during fiscal years
1973 and 1974,35.1 and 40.3 percent, respectively, of
the tissue collected contained levels of 1ppm or more
of polychlorinated biphenyls on a wet-weight basis.
Electron capture-gas chromatographic analysis of this
tissue revealed that the compounds found in adipose
tissue were most comparable to those prevalent In
Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260. Additionally, semi-
quantitative estimation of these residues was accom-
plished by thin-layer chromatography. Evidence from
gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry indicat-
ed that the most frequently encountered polychlori-
nated biphenyl residues were penta-, hexa-, and hep-
tachloro-blphenyl compounds.
Keywords: 'Body fat, 'Pesticides, 'Milk, United
States, Chlorine organic compounds, Tables(Data),
Chromatographic analysis, Humans, Surveys, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Tlssues(Biology). Histology,
•Pesticide residues, Reprints, 'Polychlorlnated bi-
phenyls, Blphenyl/chloro, Aroclor 1264, Aroclor 1260,
Blphenyl/hexachloro, Adipose tissue, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-276 332/4
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
DDT In Human Milk,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Griffith E. Quinby, John F. Armstrong, and William F.
Durham. 1965,8p
Pub. in Nature, v207 n4998 p726-728,14 Aug 65.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content in Food and Man, PB-276 326.
This article reports the excretion of DDT in human milk
as measured in individual and pooled samples collect-
ed in several cities in the United States during 1960
and 1961.
Keywords: 'Milk, *DDT, 'Pesticides, Humans, Insecti-
cides, United States, Tables(Data), Excretion, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Trends,
Dosage, Safety, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-276 333/2
(Order as PB-276 326, MF A01)
Organochlorlne Pesticide Residues In Human Adi-
pose Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
F. W. Kutz, A. R. Yobs, and S. C. Strassman. 1976,3p
Pub. in the Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological
and Environmental Pathologists, v4 n1 p17-19, Mar
76.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Content In Food and Man, PB-276 326.
The article presents findings of selected organochlor-
ine residues for surveys conducted on human adipose
tissue during fiscal years 1970, 1971, and 1972. The
residues selected for presentation in this paper were
beta-benzene hexachloride, total DDT equivalent, dlel-
drln, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, and polychlo-
rinated biphenyls. All, except polychlorinated biphen-
yls, are representative of exposure to organochlorine
insecticides; residues of polychlorinated biphenyls are
indicative of exposure to that Industrial contaminant.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Body fat, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, Tlssues(Blology), Surveys, Insecticides,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Pathology, Tables(Data),
Heptachlor, Concentration(Composlnon), DDT, Diel-
drln, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Reprints, 'Adipose tissue, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Benzene/hexachloro, Oxychlordane, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-276 366/3 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Sample Fugitive Lead Emissions from Two Pri-
mary Lead Smelters. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Paul Constant, Mark Marcus, and William Maxwell. Oct
77,435p EPA/450/3-77/031
Contract EPA-68-02-1403
Fugitive sampling of paniculate was performed at two
primary lead smelters. Total fugitive partlculate mass
emission rates, total emission rate of arsenic and lead,
lead content by particle-size range, chemical species
containing lead, and particle density were determined
for each smelter. High volume air samplers were used
to collect mass particulate samples. These samples
were analyzed by gravimetric procedures, by electron
spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and by x-
ray diffraction. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Gas analysis, 'Arsenic, Air
pollution, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Smelters, Particle size, X ray analy-
sis, X ray diffraction, DensityfMass/volume),
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Samples, Numerical
analysis, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Lead smelters, "Air
pollution detection, Electron spectroscopy, ASARCO
plants.
PB-276 358/8 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Review and Synopsis of Public Participation Re-
garding Sulfur Dioxide and Partlculate Emissions
from (R71-23) (R74-2) (R75-7). Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Sidney M. Marder. Nov 77,737p IIEQ-77-21
December 1983 303
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared by Marder and Associates, Springfield, III.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
The purpose of the report is to provide a concise ab-
stract of three sets of regulatory nroceedings conduct-
ed by the Illinois Pollution Control Board on the subject
of Paniculate and sulfur dioxide regulations. The three
proceedings were docketed by PCB R71-23, R74-2,
and R75-5. Topics covered in this report include the
following: Rationale for regulations/required emission
reductions; Technology utilized to achieve emission
reductions; Availability and reliability of control tech-
nology; Capital and operating costs of control technol-
ogy; Negative environmental impacts of technology;
Availability and feasibility of alternate fuels; Impact of
meeting standards; Supplementary control systems;
Cost/benefit identification; Status of utility compliance;
Summary of gaps in testimony. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Reviews, "Sulfur dioxide, "Particles,
•Regulations, *Air pollution control, Illinois, Standards,
Technology, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, Environmental impacts, Feasibility, Fuels,
Substitutes, Benefit cost analysis, * Air quality.
PB-276 394/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Criteria for Buildings: A Critical Review.
Special pub.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Center for Building Technology.
Simone L. Yaniv, and Daniel R. Flynn. Jan 78,86p*
NBS-SP-499
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control. Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-
18709.
A review is given of existing criteria that could be ap-
plied to rating the noise environment in dwellings, to
rating noise isolation between dwellings, and to rating
noise isolation from outside to inside a dwelling. It is
concluded that the central problem is to select appro-
priate criteria for rating the interior noise environment.
Once this is done, criteria for noise isolation can be de-
rived directly and these in turn can be used to derive
performance requirements for building elements, such
as partitions and exterior walls.
Keywords: * Buildings, * Noise pollution, Acoustic
measurement, Psychological effects, Noise reduction,
Building codes, Sound transmission, 'Noise sources,
'Environment pollution.
PB-276 434/8 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The Toxlclty of Hexachlorobenzene In a Twelve
Month Study In Beagle Dogs. Annual rept. 26 Mar
75-30 Mar 76,
Mason Research Inst, Worcester, Mass.
E. J. Gralla, and R. W. Fleischman. 25 Aug 76,321p
MRI-EPA-76-1 -41, EPA/560/6-76/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -2936
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was administered in gelatin
capsules to male and female beagles at 1,000,100,10
and 1 mg/dog/day for twelve months. Mortality, an-
orexia and weight loss occurred primarily at the high-
est but also to a lesser degree at the next lower level.
After approximately three months, body weight stabi-
lized or losses were regained. Clinical laboratory
changes found immediately before death in severely
affected animals which may have been related to mal-
nutrition, included anemia, hypoglycemia and testicu-
lar degeneration. A dose related neutrophilia appeared
in the two highest dosage groups. The most wide-
spread pathological lesipns were confined to the abdo-
men and included serositis; necrosis, fibrosis and stea-
titis of the omentum, and lymphoid atrophy at the two
highest dose levels. Nodular hyperplasia of gastric
lymphoid tissue was found in all treated animals includ-
ing those at 1 mg/da(6.5-10.0mg/kg). Four severely
affected animals at the highest dose level showed a
generalized vasculitis and one had amyloido-us. One
dog from each of the two highest levels had bile duct
hyperplasia and subchronic pericholangitis. Bile and
perirenal fat showed a time and dose related accumu-
lation of HCB.
Keywords: *Chlorobenzenes, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity,
Dogs, Males, Females, Dosage, Dose rate,
Ingestion(Biology), Mortality, Hematology, Blood
chemical analysis, Pathology, Histology, Abdomen,
Lymphatic system, Laboratory animals, Bioassay,
Chlorobenzene/hexa, Toxic substances, Urinalysis.
PB-276 435/5 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Energy Utilization by Wet Scrubbers. Final rept.
Jun 75-Aug 77,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
Konrad T. Semrau, Clyde L. Witham, and William W.
Kerlin. Nov 77,126p EPA/600/2-77/234
Contract EPA-68-02-2103
The report gives results of an experimental bench-
scale investigation of the comparative performance of
paniculate scrubbers that draw contacting power for
gas/liquid contacting from the gas stream and from
the liquid stream. The three synthetic polydisperse test
aerosols used had similar particle-size distributions,
but mass-median particle diameters of 1.05, 0.68, and
0.42 micrometers. The different contactors were com-
pared on the basis of collection efficiencies at given
contacting power levels, using the performance of an
orifice contactor as a reference level. A series contac-
tor, consisting of staggered multiple orifices in series,
gave essentially the same performance as the single-
orifice contactor at the higher contacting power levels,
but poorer performance at the lower power levels. Six
different pressure spray nozzles were tested, one in
combination with a single orifice. All configurations
gave poorer performance than did the reference orifice
scrubber at the same total contacting power. All but
one of the spray contactors gave very similar perfor-
mances at comparable conditions, despite radical dif-
ferences in spray nozzle designs and spray configura-
tions.
Keywords: 'Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Aerosols, Particle size distribution, Perform-
ance evaluation, Pilot plants, Consumption rate, Proc-
ess charting, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, wet methods, 'Energy use.
PB-276 447/0 PC A03/MF A01
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Maryland Lakes.
Rept. for7Mar-14Nov73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
V. W. Lambou, F, A. Morris, R. W. Thomas, M. K.
Morris, and L. R. Williams. Oct 77,32p EPA/600/3-77/
124
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 4 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the state of Mary-
land. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Aquatic microbiology, Surveys, Algae, Diatoms, Classi-
fying, Tables(Data), Reservoirs, Maryland, Plankton,
Aquatic plants, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Species
diversity, Bioindicators.
PB-276 449/6 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Alaskan Oil Transportation Issues. Executive sum-
mary,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
Richard Brown. Oct 77,17p* EPA/600/9-77/019
Contract EPA-68-01-3188
The transport and distribution of Alaska oil poses seri-
ous problems with respect to potential Impacts upon
the quality of air, water, and land, especially in the
Western United States. The report is intended to ac-
quaint administrators, scientists, and concerned citi-
zens with the history and problems associated with as-
suring environmental compatibility in the disposition of
Alaskan oil reserves.
Keywords: 'Petroleum transportation, 'Alaska, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, Crude oil, Pipeline transportation,
Tanker ships, Air pollution. Water pollution, Land use,
Oil pollution, History, Reviewing.
PB-276 470/2 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Particle Size Definitions for Paniculate Data Anal-
ysis. Final task rept. May-Sep 77,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
J. B. Galeski. Nov 77,25p EPA/600/7-77/129
Contract EPA-68-02-2609
The report gives results of a survey to identify all equa-
tions required to represent particle size data according
to each of three particle diameter definitions: Stokes,
classical aerodynamic, and aerodynamic impaction (or
Lovelace diameter). Although the particle diameter
definitions themselves are relatively simple, inconsis-
tencies were found among various investigations in the
use of particle size definitions, particularly in nomen-
clature. It is not always clear from the descriptions of
various authors which definition is intended. The
present study presents a consistent set of definitions
and equations for use in interpreting particle size and
impactor data such as that found in EPA's Fine Particle
Emissions Information System (FPEIS) data base. The
equations may also be useful to readers of fine particle
sampling reports who may wish to convert the data
from one definition to a more convenient one.
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Fines, 'Data analysis, 'Air
pollution, Numerical analysis, Stokes law(Fluid me-
chanics), Aerodynamics, Lovelace diameter, Classical
aerodynamics.
PB-276 472/8 PC A02/MF A01
Movement of Mercury-203 In Plants. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Don D. Gay, and Gene P. Butler. Oct 77, 21 p EPA/
600/3-77/122
Seeds of Pisum satiyum, varieties Little Marvel and
Alaska, were planted in soils contaminated with radio-
active ionic mercury, methylmercury or phenylmercury
compounds. After saturation, stems, leaves, and pods
were harvested and analyzed by gamma spectros-
copy. Utilizing a least squares three-way analysis of
covariance coupled with a Studentized Range Test,
significant differences were noted among the levels of
the three mercury compounds in the plants, between
mercury levels in the two pea varieties and among
mercury levels in the different pea tissues examined
Phenylmercury levels differed consistently from levels
of ionic mercury and methylmercury suggesting a sep-
arate pathway for it in peas.
Keywords: 'Mercury isotopes, 'Plants(Botany), 'Legu-
minous plants, Radioactive isotopes, Vegetables,
Absorption(Biology), Trace elements, Labeled sub-
stances, Plant chemistry, Plant physiology, Distribu-
tion, Tables(Data), Weight(Mass), Experimental data,
'Mercury/phenyl, 'Mercury/methyl, Pisum sativum,
Bioaccumulation, 'Path of pollutants, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-278 475/1 PC A05/MF A01
Trace Element Research Using Coniferous Forest
Soil/Litter Microcosms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Terres-
trial Ecology Branch.
B. Lighthart, H. Bond, and M. Ricard. Aug 77, 93p
EPA/600/3-77/091
Respirometers have been designed, constructed and
to a limited extent, tested to maintain and measure
production and/or consumption of biogenic heat and
carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption
for extended periods of time in approximately 0.5 1 soil
and/or litter microcosms. Using coniferous soil/litter
microcosms, the mean coefficient of variation within
sets of similar microcosms was 10.7% for the oxygen
consumption rate and 3.9% for carbon dioxide produc-
tion rate. Microcosm respiratory response, population
responses to moisture level where measured, succes-
sion, and salt effects were similar to those observed in
the natural world. Respiration of the decomposer com-
munities in coniferous forest soil/litter microcosms
was Inhibited by treatment with 'real world' salt con-
centrations of Cd, Se, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Hg, Co, Cr, Va,
304 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Li, La, Ag, and Pb. These findings support the thesis
that the consequence of these ecosystem disruptions
might be to reduce primary and secondary production
of the dependent populations.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Forest land, "Decomposition,
'Primary biological productivity, 'Soils, 'Pollution,
Respiration, Soil water, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Inor-
ganic salts, Bacteria, Environmental impacts, Trace
elements, Micoorganisms, Biochemical cycles, Stress-
es, Nematoda, 'Heavy metals, 'Microcosms, Litter,
'Ecosystems, Laboratory tests.
PB-276 478/5 PC A05/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, D.C.
World Weather Program. Plan for Fiscal Year
1977.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
Sep 76,80p NOAA-77120502
See also report for Fiscal Year 1975, COM-74-50771.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Energy Research and De-
velopment Administration, Washington, D.C., National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington,
D.C., and National Science Foundation, Washington,
D.C.
The World Weather Program is an international effort
to provide man with the knowledge and capability not
only to understand the atmosphere but also to make
available environmental warnings, forecasts, and as-
sessment which contribute to his well-being. The three
basic components of the World Weather Program are
the World Weather Watch (WWW), the Global Atmos-
pheric Research Program (GARP), and the Systems
Design and Technological Development Program. This
Plan describes U.S. efforts in each of the components
that either directly support or contribute to the World
Weather Program goals. The opening section high-
lights the results of a decade of successful planning
and action taken as part of the World Weather Watch,
the operational aspect of the World Weather Program.
Section 2 discusses the relationship of our national ac-
tivities with those of other nations cooperating in the
World Weather Program. Section 3 provides specific
information on the U.S. planned efforts that contribute
to or directly support the World Weather Programs
goals in FY 1977 A fiscal summary of these programs
Is contained in the concluding section.
Keywords: 'Meteorological data, 'Weather observa-
tions, Meteorological satellites, Warning systems, Re-
search projects, Space surveillance(Spaceborne),
Data processing, Weather communication, Tropical re-
gions, Financing, Radiometers, Objectives, Atlantic
Ocean, Spaceborne photography, Global Atmospheric
Research Program, World Weather Program, GARP
Atlantic Tropical Experiment, World Weather Watch.
PB-276 479/3 PC AOS/MF A01
World Weather Program. Plan for Fiscal Year
1978.
Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
Sep 77, 80p NOAA-77120503
See also Plan for Fiscal Year 1977, PB-276 478. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Washington, D.C. and National
Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
This plan, submitted annually, describes the U.S. initia-
tives carried out by Federal Agencies which either di-
rectly support or contribute to the goals of the World
Weather Program. The lessons learned and applica-
tion of the results from the recently concluded Data
systems Tests are highlighted in Section I. These tests
were designed as controlled investigations into the op-
eration of the observing, data communications and
data processing systems likely to be available for
FGGE-the Global Weather Experiment. Section 2 dis-
cusses the relationship of our national activities with
those of other nations cooperating in the World Weath-
fil Pr°9ram. Section 3 provides specific information on
'he U.S. planned efforts which contribute to or directly
support the World Weather Program goals in FY 1977.
A fiscal summary of these programs is contained in the
concluding section.
Keywords: 'Meteorological data, 'Weather observa-
tions, Meteorological satellites, Research projects,
uata processing, Meteorological instruments, Buoys,
Meteorological balloons, Meteorological satellites, Or-
aanizations, Financing, Upper atmosphere, Atmos-
pheric motion, Atlantic Ocean, Global Atmospheric
Research Program, World Weather Program, GARP
Atlantic Tropical Experiment, World Weather Watch.
PB-276 480/1 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Uptake, Excretion, and Physiological Effects of
Hexachlorobanzene In Growing Lambs. Final rept,
California Univ., Davis. Food Protection and Toxicol-
ogy Center.
Ronald L. Mull, Wray L. Winterlin, and Stuart A.
Peoples. 10 Aug 76,75p EPA/560/6-76/013
Contract EPA-68-01 -2254
Growing lambs were exposed to daily doses of hex-
achlorobenzene (HCB) per os. The daily dose was cal-
culated to provide 0.01, 0.10 or 1.00 ppm of the feed
consumed. Exposure was terminated at 90 days and
20 of the 50 lambs were slaughtered. Remaining
lambs were monitored for an additional 210 days. At
the end of the 90 day exposure, the in vivo metabolism
of aminopyrine and the in vitro O and N-demethylation
of the liver microsomes were determined. Results of
the analyses for HCB in omental fat show that the
peak concentration attained was 10.186,1.024, 0.116
and 0.012 ppm in the 1.00, 0.10,0.01 ppm and control
groups respectively. Following cessation of the expo-
sure, the HCB declined to less than one-half the peak
concentration within 100 days. Hlstological examina-
tion of tissues from the slaughtered animals showed
no pathological changes attributable to the HCB.
Marked changes were noted in the microsomal en-
zymes but changes were not significant in the plasma
enzymes.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity,
Ingestion(Biology), Metabolism, Excretion,
Absorption(Biology), Food contamination, Sheep, Bio-
assay, Dosage, Dose rate, Growth, Toxicity, Hema-
tology, Enzymes, Biochemistry, Physiological effects,
Pathology, Histology, Tables(Data), 'Lindane, Toxic
substances, Bioaccumulation, Chlorobenzene/hexa,
Pesticide residues, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental
health.
PB-276 481/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Electron Microscope Measurement of Airborne
Asbestos Concentrations - A Provisional Method-
ology Manual. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 77,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Anant V. Samudra, Colin F. Harwood, and John D.
Stockham. Aug 77, 58p EPA/600/2-77/178
Contract EPA-68-02-2251
This manual describes a provisional optimum electron
microscope (EM) procedure for measuring the con-
centration of asbestos in air samples. The main fea-
tures of the method include depositing an air sample
on a polycarbonate membrane filter, examining an EM
grid specimen in a transmission electron microscope
(TEM), and verifying fiber Identity by selected area
electron diffraction (SAED). This provisional manual
results from a study to develop an optimum EM proce-
dure for airborne asbestos determination. The analyt-
ical data supporting the provisional methodology are
included in a separate final report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Asbestos, 'Monitors, Sam-
pling, Detection, Serpentine, Natural fibers, Amphi-
boles, Electron microscopy, Electron diffraction, Man-
uals, 'Air pollution sampling, Transmission electron
microscopy, Air pollution detection, Chrysotile.
PB-276 483/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Monohalomethane*. Final technical
rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Leslie N. Davis, John R. Strange, Jane E. Hoecker,
Philip H. Howard, and Joseph Santodonato. Jun 77,
263p' TR-77-535, EPA/560/2-77/007
Contract EPA-68-01-4315
The report reviews the potential environmental hazard
from the commercial use of the monohalomethanes.
Chloro-, bromo-, and iodomethane are produced In
commercially significant quantities; fluoromethane Is
produced in small amounts for use as a laboratory re-
search reagent. The sea is a natural source of all mon-
ohalomethanes except fluoromethane. Chlorometh-
ane is used mainly for the production of slllcones and
tetramethyl lead (a gasoline additive). Bromomethane
is used principally as a fumigant for soil, enclosed
areas, and food products. Iodomethane is used as a
laboratory and commercial alkylating agent and in
tungsten-halogen lamps; the latter use is shared with
chloro- and bromomethane. Information on physical
and chemical properties, production methods and
quantities, commercial uses and factors affecting envi-
ronmental contamination, as well as information relat-
ed to health and biological effects, are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Hazardous materials,
'Chloromethanes, 'Halogen organic compounds, In-
dustrial atmospheres, Chemical reactions, Exposure,
Bromine organic compounds, Iodine organic com-
pounds, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Tox-
icity, Exposure, Consumption, Production, Monitors,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Toxicology,
Contaminants, Tables(Data), Regulations, Standards,
Materials handling, Recommendations, Safety engi-
neering, Distribution, Chemical analysis, Environmen-
tal effects, 'Toxic substances, 'Methane/bromo,
•Methane/iodo. Phytotoxins, Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Occupational safety and health, Air
pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-276 485/0 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sampling and Analysis of Coke-Oven Door Emis-
sions. Final task rept. Aug 75-Aug 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
R. E. Barrett, W. L. Margard, J. B. Purdy, and P. E.
Strup. Oct 77,182p EPA/600/2-77/213
Contract EPA-68-02-1409
Errata sheet inserted.
The report gives results of extensive tests of selected
fractions of samples of emissions generated by leak-
age from a coke oven door during a 16-hour coking
cycle. The tests included: paniculate emissions deter-
mination; trace metal analyses; gas analyses; organic
analyses by IR spectroscopy, GC-MS, TLC, and HRMS
on entire samples or on LC fractions of the samples;
and bloassay analyses of bacterial mutagenesis and
mammalian cell cytotoxlcity. The particulate mass
emission determination showed that coke oven emis-
sions can vary considerably from cycle to cycle. The
bioassay analyses confirmed that the samples were
mutagenic, as implied by the chemical analyses. A
sealed hood was fabricated to fit over the coke oven
door, so that gases leaking past the door during the
coking cycle would be contained and representative
samples could be obtained. Additional criteria for the
hood included not severely altering the normal door
leakage and not interfering with coke oven operation.
Initial tests of one hood design suggested modifica-
tions which were incorporated Into the final design.
The final hood was used for conducting two sampling
runs at an operating coke oven.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Gas analysis, Combustion prod-
ucts, Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Particles, In-
frared spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Sampling,
Bioassay, Toxicity, Bacteria, Graphs, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Air pollution detection, 'Indoor air pollution,
'Coke oven doors.
PB-276 489/2 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C.
Filtration Model for Coal Fly Ash with Qlass Fab-
rics. Final task rept. Jun 74-Jun 77,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Richard Dennis, R. W. Cass, D. W. Cooper, R. R. Hall,
and Vladimir Hampl. Aug 77,490p* GCA-TR-75-17-G,
EPA/600/7-77/084
Contract EPA-68-02-1438
The report describes a new mathematical model for
predicting woven glass filter performance with coal fly
ash aerosols from utility boilers. Its data base included:
an extensive bench- and pilot-scale laboratory investi-
gation of several dust/fabric combinations; field data
from three prior GCA studies Involving coal fly ash fil-
tration with glass fabrics; past GCA studies of fabric
filter cleaning mechanisms; and a broad based litera-
ture survey. Trial applications of the model to field filter
systems at Sunbury (PA) and Nucla (CO) Indicate ex-
December 1983 305
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cellent agreement between theory and practice tor
both penetration and resistance. The introduction and
experimental confirmation of two basic concepts were
instrumental in model design: one relates to the way
dust dislodges from a fabric and its subsequent impact
upon resistance and penetration in a multichambered
system; the other, to the relatively large fly ash frac-
tions that pass with minimal collection through tempo-
rarily or permanently unblocked pores or pinholss such
that observed particle penetrations are essent, illy in-
dependent of size. Cleaning parameters were quanti-
fied, and estimates of specific resistance coefficient,
K2, were improved.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, *Fly ash,
'Mathematical models, 'Air filters, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Glass fibers, Performance eval-
uation, Filtration, Dust, Coal, Aerosols, Pilot plants, Ex-
periments, Cleaning, Boilers, Computer programs,
Computerized simulation, Fortran, 'Fabric filters,
Baghouses, BAGHOUSE computer program, IBM-370
computers.
PB-276 SOS/5 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Air Quality Assessment Report lor the Year 1974
Clark Mohave AQCR.
Copley International Corp., LaJolla, Calif.
Dec 76, 78p
Contract EPA-68-01-3568
This report contains an assessment of existing air
quality at each monitoring site within the AQCR in rela-
tion to ambient air quality standards. Past trends are
identified and, if possible, explained, and future trends
are predicted when the available data warrant it. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Assessments, Air pollution, Monitoring,
Trends, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Forecast-
ing, Sources, Tables(Data), Numerical analysis, High-
ways, Nevada, Arizona, Standards, Sampling, 'Air
quality data, 'Air quality control regions, 'Air pollution
sampling, Clark County(Nevada), Mohave
County(Arizona), Yuma County(Arizona).
PB-276 508/9 PC A03/MF A01
Coat-Effectiveness Analysis of the Proposed Re-
visions In the Exhaust Emission Standards tor
New and In-Use Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines
Based on Industry Submlttala,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard S. Wilcox, and Richard Munt. Dec 77,30p AC-
77-02
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
This report provides analysis of several control strate-
gies. Those studied were: the control of newly manu-
factured gas turbine engines in 1981 for HC and CO
only; retrofit of in-use gas turbine engines in 1985 for
HC and CO only; and the control of newly manufac-
tured gas turbine engines in 1984 for HC, CO, and
NOx. The cost information is incomplete and poorly
documented due to a lack of detailed data. Additional
error was introduced by the fact that the nature of the
study demanded that assumptions and predictions be
made in an attempt to ascertain future facts. The
above considerations aside, the cost-effectiveness fig-
ures generated by this analysis represent EPA's best
estimate of the costs imposed by the control strategies
under consideration, based on industry submittals. For
the purposes of this study, the JT8D was assumed to
be out of production by 1984. This is no longer true and
the planned growth version of this engine will be exam-
ined in a later report.
Keywords: 'Gas turbines, 'Aircraft engines, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Cost analysis, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxygens,
Forecasting, Operating costs, Performance evalua-
tion, Cost effectiveness.
PB-276 509/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, Va.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Manual for the Review of Highway Noise
Impact. Final rept.,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, Va.
Ben H. Sharp, Kenneth J. Plotkin, Patrick K. Glenn,
and Robert M. Slone, Jr. May 77,71 p' WR-76-24,
EPA/550/9-77/356
Contract EPA-68-01-3514
Noise Impact Review Manual.
A manual has been prepared which presents a proce-
dure for reviewing noise impact of proposed highway
projects. The manual reviews Federal Highway Admin-
istration policy for noise impact, and includes specific
steps for reviewing environmental impact statements
and noise study reports prepared for proposed high-
way projects. The noise policy of the Department of
Housing and Urban Development and noise levels
identified by the Environmental Protection Agency are
also reviewed, so that a complete assessment of the
impact of expected noise may be made. A noise pre-
diction model, consisting of charts, nomograms, and
simple equations, is presented so as to enable an in-
dependent check of predicted levels presented in an
EIS. The noise model (which includes barriers) is itself
suitable for predicting roadside noise levels.
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, 'Noise(Sound),
'Environmental impact statements, 'Manuals, Gov-
ernment policy, Pollution, Sound pressure, Predictions,
Mathematical models, Guidelines, Noise pollution, Ve-
hicular traffic noise, Transportation noise.
PB-276 516/2 CP T03
Climatologies! Dispersion Model QC (CDMQC)
Computer Program. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Bruce Turner, and Jerry Mersch. May 77, mag tape
EPA/DF-78/003
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Also available as punched cards. Price includes
documentation, PB-274 040.
The Climatological Disperson Model QC (CDMQC) is
an expanded version of the COM program. The COM
program is part of the UNAMAP system, PB-229 771,
which is expected to be updated during the first quarter
of 1978. The CDMQC includes three new features: (1)
source contribution table, (2) internal calibration, and
(3) statistical conversion of averaging times.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Atmospheric motion,
'Air pollution, 'Climatology, Fortran, Mathematical
models, Magnetic tapes, 'Climatology Dispersion
Model, CDMQC computer program, Point sources,
UNA/AC 1110 computers.
PB-276 520/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Century Industrial Products FRP-100 Wet Scrub-
ber Evaluation. Final task rept. Aug 76-Aug 77,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, Calif.
D. S. Ensor, and R. G. Hooper. Oct 77, 69p MRI76-FR-
1468, EPA/600/7-77/116
Contract EPA-68-02-2125
The report gives results of a field test evaluation of the
performance of the Century Industrial Products FRP-
100 wet scrubber installed on a lightweight aggregate
kiln. Inlet/outlet tests for particle size distribution with
cascade impactors and extractive sampling with an
electrical aerosol size analyzer, and plume opacity with
a plant process visiometer were conducted. The
scrubber, operating at 80% rated capacity, had an
aerodynamic cut diameter (50% collection efficiency)
of 08 microns at a theoretical hydraulic power of 15.8
wans/a cu m/min (0.6 hp/1000 acfm). The liquid-to-
gas ratio was about 2.16 l/cu m (16 gal./1000 acf).
The formation of submicron aerosol from the evapora-
tion in the gas cooling section of water containing dis-
solved solids was observed during all tests. Also, the
carryover of spray from the scrubber (there was no
mist eliminator) was observed at flow rates greater
than 23.7 cu m/sec (50,000 acfm).
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Kilns, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Aerosols, Sampling,
Particle size distribution, Field tests, Efficiency, Wet
methods,' FRP-100 scrubbers, Cascade impactors.
PB-276 627/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Exhaust Emission and Fuel Economy Character-
ization of a Modern Automotive Wankel Rotary
Engine. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
D. E. Cole, and D. J. Patterson. Oct 76,142p EPA/
460/3-76/024
Grant EPA-R-802536
The following objectives were addressed in this experi-
mental program: map the fuel consumption and emis-
sion performance of both a modern rotary engine and
a conventional reciprocating engine of equivalent
power; compare the fuel consumption and emission
performance of the selected test engines in a simulat-
ed identical vehicle; determine the effects of the princi-
pal operating variables on both emissions and fuel
consumption performance of the rotary engine; identify
features of key fundamental processes which could
cause differences in both emissions and fuel con-
sumption performance with respect to the convention-
al engine.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Automobile engines, Spatial distribu-
tion, Performance evaluation, Rotary combustion en-
gines, Technology, Reciprocating engines, Compari-
son, Economics, Ignition, Test engines, Dynamo-
meters, Aldehydes, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Wankel rotary engines, Air fuel ratio.
PB-276 529/5 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Safety of Chemical Smog Suppressor. Final techni-
cal rept.,
University Coordinator for Environmental Studies, Ra-
leigh, N.C.
Douglas L. Wart. Aug 77,21 p EPA/560/5-77/004
The paper describes information needed to evaluate
the safety of chemicals proposed as smog suppres-
sors and means for obtaining this information. Los An-
geles and other large cities nave frequent and severe
smog conditions that result from photochemical reac-
tions on atmospheric pollutants. Certain chemicals
such as diethylhydroxylamine have been shown in the
laboratory to interfere with this photochemical process
and should, if released at the optimal time, place, and
amount prior to or during smog conditions, significantly
reduce or eliminate smog. It has been further argued
by those favoring this approach to controlling smog
that the cost of chemicals would be less than the cost
of fitting automobiles with catalytic converters now
used to reduce smog causing pollution. The test proto-
cols and the information obtained from models de-
scribed in this paper should provide adequate informa-
tion needed to evaluate the safety of these chemicals
for the uses proposed.
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Toxicity, Suppressors, Chemical
compounds, Amines, Air pollution, Photochemical re-
actions, Models, Safety, Mutations, Methodology,
Evaluation, ReproductionfBiofogy), Toxicity, In vivo
analysis, In vitro analysis, Respiration, Skin(Anatomy),
Eye(Anatomy), Aquatic biology, Contaminants, Terato-
genesis, 'Air pollution control, Mutagenesis, Biological
effects, Carcinogenesis, Inhalation, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Air pollution effects(Humans), "Hy-
droxylamlne/diethyl, Environmental health, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-276 535/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Multimedia Levels - Trlchloroethylene.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Sep 77,52p' EPA/560/6-77/029
Contract EPA-68-01-1983
Companion volume to report dated Aug 77, PB-273
203.
This report discusses environmental levels of trichlor-
oethylene (TCE) based on a review of the literature
and other information sources. The concentration of
TCE in the atmosphere of the U.S. ranges from about 1
ppt in remote areas to over 100 in areas near where
the substance is manufactured or used. TCE concen-
trations in sediments range from less than 0.04 ppb to
over 100 ppb. Again the high concentrations were
found near manufacturing sites, but some of the lowest
concentrations were as well. Soil concentrations
appear to be no higher near manufacturing sites than
in rural areas, though the data are very limited. The
306 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
concentrations are a few ppb or less. Surface-water
concentrations of TCE range from less than 1 ppb (the
limit of detection) to several hundred ppb in the vicinity
of a manufacturing site. Measured concentrations in
U.S. drinking water are less than 1 ppb. The only deg-
radation products of TCE that may exist in the environ-
ment in appreciable quantities for any period of time
are dichloroacetyl chloride produced by the photode-
gradation of TCE in the atmosphere and dichloroacetic
acid produced by the hydrolysis of dichloroacetyl chlo-
ride. There are very few data on the presence of TCE
in food raised and sold in the U.S. However, data from
the United Kingdom suggest that concentrations of
TCE on the order of parts per billion are found in
almost all common foodstuffs. There is little evidence
to judge whether TCE is accumulating in living sys-
tems. Limited data on concentrations In human tissue
and in marine organisms show levels on the order of a
few parts per billion.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Chemical industry, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Air pollution,
Water pollution, Soil analysis, Aquatic animals,
Tissues(Blology), Industrial hygiene, Sediments, Sur-
face waters, Degradation, Exposure, Potable water,
Toxfeity, Food chains, Sites, Monitoring, Sampling,
Humans, 'Ethylene/trichloro, 'Toxic substances,
Bioaccumulatlon, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Water pol-
lution sampling.
PB-276 541/0 PC A02/MF A01
Prediction of Vehicle Reference Frontal Area,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Harriet W. Goodali, and Glenn D. Thompson. Nov 77,
14pLDTP-77-7
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
Beginning with the 1979 model year, the dynamometer
power absorption to simulate the vehicle road load
during exhaust emission certification testing and fuel
economy measurements will be predicted by the vehi-
cle reference frontal area. This report develops an
equation to estimate the vehicle reference frontal area
using the overall vehicle height and width. The refer-
ence area data and the overall height and width data
used in this analysis were supplied by the vehicle man-
ufacturers. It is concluded that the product of the over-
all vehicle height, width and the coefficient, 0.80, yields
• good approximation of the actual vehicle reference
frontal area. Using this approximation, there is 60 per-
cent confidence that the predicted value will be within
Plus or minus 1.0 square feet of the actual reference
fomal area. This is approximately 5 percent of the ref-
erence area of a typical vehicle. This equation Is rec-
ommended as a method for evaluation of submitted
Werence area data or for predicting vehicle reference
"ontal areas when empirical data are not available.
Keywords: 'Dynamometers, 'Exhaust emissions, Air
Pollution, Chassis, Regression analysis, Numerical
analysis, Fuel consumption, "Vehicle reference frontal
area. Vehicle road loads.
„„.,. MFW.2S
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
(DatuPUty v'hlclM * NICMn Motor Co-> Ltd-
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
gee 77,2664p EPA/460/A-78/15
fee also PB-276 552 and PB-276 267.
2«o available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
[Passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
•wavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
S?nnteatton. The application consists of two parts. In
JJr* "art I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
"JjscriptJon of the vehicles or engines he intends to
"jarket during the upcoming model year. These engl-
UJJ'i[)8 data include explanations and/or drawings
^ describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
._*• The Part I also provides information on emission
•"•* procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
£wjret, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
B. The Part II application, submitted after
ting is completed, contains the results of
testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Nissan Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 552/7 MFJ6.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen of America, Inc.
(Audi NSU).
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Dec 77,1460p EPA/460/A-78/13
See also PB-276 551 and PB-276 553.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords'. 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Volkswagen of
America, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 S53/5 MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Dec 77, f141p EPA/460/A-78/14
See also PB-276 552.
Also available in set of 15 reports MF AOO, PB-276
254-SET. Microfiche copies only.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry. Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Ignition,
Evaporation control, Exhaust systems. Fuels, Tests,
Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Volkswagen of
America, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 555/0 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dlepoaal of Hazardoue Wastes • Recommended
Procedure* for Hazardous Waate Management.
Pilot study.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Jun 77,102p NATO/CCMS-62
NATO furnished.
This Sub-Project on Recommended Procedures for
Hazardous Waste Management is focused on imple-
mentation topics or issues that arise from considera-
tion of the options for an integrated hazardous waste
management program by a country. These topics tend
to group themselves around (1) the identification of
hazardous wastes and (2) the authorization for oper-
ation of hazardous waste facilities. Although definitive
conclusions in each sub-topic are often not apparent,
comparisons and contrasts between the concepts
used by participating countries can provide useful in-
sights for others interested in alternative approaches
to these concepts.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Waste disposal, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Sites, Regulations, State government, National gov-
ernment, Tncinerators, Solid wastes, Sludges, Gases,
Chemical compounds, Canada, Earth fills, Procedures,
Land disposal, Liquid wastes, NATO furnished.
PB-276 558/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Planning and Management.
Analysis of Options for Definition of Small Busi-
ness, and Estimated Coat of the Initial Section
8(a) Reporting Requirement*.
Little (Arthur D), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Nov 77,76p* EPA/561/1-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4381
The Toxic Substances Control Act authorizes the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to require testing and/or
use restrictions on certain chemical substances. As a
first step in implementing the Act, EPA is required to
compile a list (inventory) of chemicals manufactured,
imported or processed in the United States. Manufac-
turers or importers will be required to submit a preman-
ufacturing notice to the EPA 90 days prior to manufac-
ture or importation of any chemical substance not on
the list. The Act provides authority to EPA to collect In-
formation for administration of the Act, but also directs
the Agency to exempt small businesses from certain
reporting requirements. This report analyzes the op-
tions for a one-time definition of small business for the
EPA's initial Section 8(a) reporting requirements and
also provides an estimate of the initial reporting cost.
As background, the report also includes a character-
ization of the chemical Industry in terms of sales, em-
ployment, number of firms and other parameters. Op-
tions for the small business definition were selected on
the basis of ease of use and relationship to a firm's
ability to bear the burden of the reporting require-
ments. The initial reporting cost estimate was prepared
by working up from a cost per chemical estimate to an
aggregated total for the industry.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Government policies,
Regulations, Chemical compounds, Manufacturing,
Imports, Processing, Sales, Employment, Corpora-
tions, Profits, Inventories, Requirements, Cost esti-
mates, Reporting, Businesses, 'Small businesses,
Toxic Substances Control Act, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB-276 559/2 PC A06/MF A01
Disposal of Hazardous Waate* - Organization.
Pilot study.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Jun 77,111p NATO/CCMS-63
NATO furnished.
Contents:
Hazardous waste management In the participating
countries -- (Management principles and state
of the art, Regulations on waste stream control
and practise of control, Planning, limitation of
disposal districts, Waste exchange systems,
Liability, Insurance, financing, and Special
regulations or management systems for special
types of waste);
Evaluation of results -- (Basic conditions of
organizational measures, Form of management
of facilities, Control, Planning, Waste exchange
systems, Liability, Insurance, financing, and
Special regulation or management systems for
special types of waste);
Conclusions and recommendations.
December 1983 307
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
•Waste disposal, Environmental surveys, Manage-
ment planning, Regulations, Organizing, Financing,
Standards, Transportation, National government,
State government, NATO furnished.
PB-276 561/8 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Feasibility of a Systematic Approach to Water
Quality Management In Illinois. Final rept.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Oct77,139pllEQ-77/35
This report summarizes research into the feasibility of
developing a more systematic water quality manage-
ment scheme for the state of Illinois. Such a manage-
ment scheme would: Determine actual and potential
stream uses; determine the stream standards and
water quality criteria required; evaluate the current
water quality record; assess the amount of water qual-
ity improvement necessary; define principal contribu-
tors to water quality; and determine the upgrading
methods to be applied, their effectiveness, and their
costs.
Keywords: 'Streams, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Water quality management, 'Illinois, Lakes, Water
supply, Agriculture, Recreation, Industries, Fishes, Mu-
nicipalities, Tables(Data), Evaluation, Runoff, Math-
ematical models, Sangamon River, Feasibility, Stand-
ards, Recommendations, Upgrading, Improvement.
PB-276 563/4
See individual report for price
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971-76, open series
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Abstracts, 'Information re-
trieval, 'Periodicals.
PB-276 563
see individual report for price
Air Pollution Abstracts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
1971 -76,open series
This periodical is published to inform air pollution per-
sonnel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and others, of technical literature recently acces-
sioned by the Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (APTIC). For each accession, its abstract
number, APTIC accession number, bibliographic cita-
tion, and abstract are given. Translations are cited with
their sources whenever possible. The subject fields
are as follows: Emission Sources; Control Methods;
Measurement Methods; Air Quality Measurements; At-
mospheric Interactions; Basic Science and Technol-
ogy; Effects-Human Health; Effects-Plants and Live-
stock; Effects-Materials; Economic Aspects; Stand-
ards and Criteria; Legal and Administrative; Social As-
pects; and General and Miscellaneous. All abstracts
are listed under one of the above subject fields. A sub-
ject and author index are included. This issue contains
abstracts 10232-11083.
APABCA-2-6-1971. Vol. 2, No. 6, June 1971. Jun
71,490p PC A21, MF A01 PB-276 564/2
APABCA-lndex-2(1975). Index to Vol. 6, Nos. 7-12
(July 1975 - December 1975). 1975,79p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-276 565/9
APABCA-lndex-1(1976). Index to Vol. 7, Nos. 1 -6d
(January 1976 - June 1976). 1976,145p PC
A07, MF A01 PB-276 566/7
APABCA-7-6D-1976. Vol. 7, No. 6b, June 1976. Jun
76,327p PC A15, MFA01 PB-276 567/5
APABCA-7-6C-1976. Vol. 7, No. 6c, June 1976. Jun
76,328pPCA15,MFA01 PB-276 568/3
PB-276 679/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Subsidence and Related Effects on Wastewater
Collection and Treatment Facilities. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, Tex.
Nov76,62p
Prepared by Gulf Coast Waste Disposal Authority,
Houston, Tex. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Report on
Areawide Waste Treatment Management Plan for the
Greater Houston Area (Section 208, PL 92-500).
Subsidence influences wastewater treatment in three
ways in the designated Houston section 208 area, in-
cluding tidally induced inflow into sewage collection
systems, tidal flooding at certain wastewater treatment
plant sites, and an increased hurricane vulnerability.
This document addresses the impacts of subsidence
on domestic facilities and collection systems. Industri-
al facilities are also affected. Houston Ship Channel in-
dustries have experienced treatment facility flooding
problems as well as submergence of dockside pipe-
lines and stormwater drainage systems.
Keywords: "Subsidence, 'Environmental impacts,
'Sewage treatment, 'Water quality management, 'Re-
gional planning, Flooding, Industries, Pipelines, Drain-
age, Waste disposal, Ocean tides, Fluid infiltration,
Pumping, Mapping, Runoff, Reviews, Texas, Gulf
Coast Region(United States), *Houston(Texas),
*Galveston(Texas), Storm water runoff.
PB-276 580/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment of Low/Medium BTU
Gasification. Annual rept. Mar 76-Oct 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
E. C. Cavanaugh, and W. C. Thomas. Dec 77,35p
EPA/600/7-77/142
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report summarizes completed and on-going work
performed by Radian Corporation for the EPA in the
area of environmental assessment of low- and
medium-Btu gasification of coal and its utilization. Main
areas discussed are the current process technology
background, environmental data acquisition, and con-
trol technology assessment. Information presented
gives a general understanding of what has been ac-
complished and what can be anticipated.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, 'Assessments, 'Air pol-
lution control, Technology, Process charting. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Plant loca-
tion, Sites, 'Low btu gas, 'Intermediate btu gas, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-276 581/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Testing of Spill Control Devices on
Floatable Hazardous Materials. Final rept. Sep-Nov
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
N.J.
William E. McCracken, and Sol H. Schwartz. Nov 77,
152p EPA/600/2-77/222
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
Sponsored in part by Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
At the U.S. EPA's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simu-
lated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) in Leon-
ardo, New Jersey, from September 1975 through No-
vember 1975, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (US EPA) and the U.S. Coast Guard evaluated
selected oil-spill control equipment for use on spills of
floatable hazardous materials (HM). The HM used
during the tests were octanol, dioctyl phthalate and
naphtha. The major parameters indicating perform-
ance were recovery rates, recovery efficiency and
throughput efficiency. It was concluded that equipment
performance was directly relatable to the physical
properties of the HM, and, in this respect, showed no
difference from previous oil-recovery tests. The con-
duct of the project is described; and the results, con-
clusions and recommendations are presented. A 16-
mm color sound narrative motion picture entitled 'Per-
formance Testing of Spill Control Devices on Floatable
Hazardous Materials' was produced to document the
resuHs of this project.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control equipment, 'Oil
spills, 'Hazardous materials, Performance tests, Or-
ganic compounds, Skimmers, Sorbents, Naphthas,
Materials recovery, Motion pictures, Oil pollution con-
trol, Hazardous materials spills, Octyl alcohol, Phthallc
acid/bis(ethyloxyl-ester).
PB-276 582/4 PC A04/MF A01
Non-Divergent Wind Analysis Algorithm for the
St. Louis RAPS (Regional Air Pollution Study) Net-
work,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Terry L. Clark, and Robert E. Eskridge. Nov 77,72p
EPA/600/4-77/049
An objective wind analysis algorithm capable of pro-
ducing non-divergent wind fields at up to ten levels in
the atmospheric boundary layer for St. Louis, Missouri
is described. Wind data collected during the St. Louis
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) and averaged
over 15-minute intervals were used to construct u and
v wind component fields on a 46 by 46 grid network
with a grid spacing of 1 km via a sean-radius tech-
nique. The divergence across grid squares was mini-
mized by a non-divergence algorithm. Several analy-
ses produced by the algorithm are illustrated. A user s
guide and computer program listing are included.
Keywords: 'Wind(Meteorology), 'Mathematical
models, Algorithms, Air pollution, Atmospheric motion,
Fortran, Computer programs, Missouri, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), RAPS program, Atmospheric bound-
ary layer.
PB-276 583/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Inertia! Cascade Impactor Substrate Media for
Flue Gas Sampling. Final rept. Nov 76-Mar 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Larry G. Felix, George I. Clinard, George E. Lacey, and
Joseph D. McCain. Jun 77,92p EPA/600/7-77/060
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report summarizes Southern Research Institute's
experience with greases and glass fiber filter material
used as collection substrates in inertlal cascade im-
pactors. Available greases and glass fiber filter media
have been tested to determine which are most suitable
for flue gas sampling. Greases are probably not useful
at above 177C. For higher temperatures, glass fiber
filter material can be used. Of 19 greases tested by
heating in the laboratory and by exposure to flue gas in
the field, only Apiezon H grease performed satisfacto-
rily at above 149C. In experiments to evaluate the use
of filter materials as impactor substrates, mass in-
creased as a result of exposure to flue gas for all of the
fiber media tested. Laboratory and field studies are de-
scribed which were directed toward developing a
method to passivate glass fiber filter material to SOx
induced mass gains. These studies indicate that a
H2SO4 wash, followed by a thorough distilled water/
isopropanol rinse, drying, and baking, augmented by in
situ conditioning, offers the best hope for reducing
SOx induced mass gains. Reeve Angel 934AH glass
fiber filter material performed best among the media
tested.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Greases,
Impactors, Sampling, Concentratipn(Composition),
Substrates, Sulfur oxides, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Sampling, Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Experiments, Cascade compactors, 'Glass
fiber filters, 'Air pollution sampling, Stationary sources.
PB-276 584/0 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Catawlssa Creek Mine Drainage Abatement
Project. Final rept. Jan 69-Aug 75,
Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
burg, Pa.
A. F. Miorin, R. S. Klingensmith, F. J. Knight, R. E.
Heizer, and J. R. Saliunas. Nov 77,175p EPA/600/7-
77/124
Sponsored in part by Pennsylvania Dept. of Environ-
mental Resources, Harrisburg.
The objective of this study was to determine the feasi-
bility of flooding underground coal mine workings in an
isolated basin of coal, thereby restoring or partially re-
storing the groundwater table in the basin and reduc-
ing the production of acid mine drainage. Flooding the
mined seams would prevent atmospheric oxygen con-
tact with the acid-forming materials, thus breaking the
chain of chemical reactions In the formation of acid
mine drainage. To enable this determination, a rela-
tively small discrete basin of coal in east central Penn-
sylvania at Sheppton was selected. As the first step,
308 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the watershed's streambed was relocated to prevent
streamflow from passing into, and emitting from, the
mined basin. Approximately 518 meters of streambed
was reconstructed at a cost of $58.94 per meter, elimi-
nating 0.253 cu m/s of water from entering the under-
ground mine workings. Even though the mine sealing
was deemed to have much merit, it was cancelled be-
cause of its high costs after plans and specifications
for sealing the three tunnels were prepared and bids
were taken for sealing one water-level tunnel. Bid cost
for constructing the one seal was in excess of
$600,000.
Keywords: "Channel improvements, "Flooding, *Coal
mining, 'Water pollution abatement, "Catawissa
Creek, Mine waters, Water table, Ground water, An-
thracite, Feasibility, Tables(Data), Water pressure,
Maps, Geologic investigations, Relocation, Stream
flow, Construction, Sealing, Tunnels, Cost analysis,
Pennsylvania, Acid mine drainage,
Sheppton(Pennsylvania), Water quality data.
PB-276 585/7 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Abatement of Deposition and Scour In Sewers.
Final rept. 1 Jun 75-31 Oct 76,
Water Resources Engineers, Inc., Walnut Creek, Calif.
Michael B. Sonnen. Nov 77,124p 12760, EPA/600/2-
77/212
Contract EPA-68-03-2205
Feasible methods are identified for reducing first-flush
pollution in new and existing storm and combined
sewer systems. A mathematical model is described
which was developed to simulate the behavior of
solids in pipelines and to evaluate the costs of first-
flush abatement alternatives.
Keywords: 'Overflows, "Combined sewers, "Water
pollution abatement, "Flushing, Mathematical models,
Pipelines, Cost effectiveness, Bed load, Deposition,
Solids, Shear stress, Erosion, Design, Pipes(Tubes),
Particle size, Removal, Correlation techniques, Effec-
tiveness, Computer programs, Scour.
PB-276 589/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
How Clean Do You Want Your Streams: A Pro-
spectus of Current Planning In Water Pollution
Control for the Greater Houston Section 208 Area.
Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, Tex.
May 77,61 p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Prepared in cooperation
with Houston Health Dept., Tex.
An Introduction to water quality standards and a pres-
entation of the use of these standards In the current
Planning program of the H-GAC, namely the Greater
Houston Areawide Waste Treatment Management
Plan pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972, Section 208. These stand-
ards were derived with the assistance of citizen Input
obtained during a series of four public workshops held
in January 1977 in various parts of the 208 planning
area. It Is not the purpose of this report to set specific
water quality standards, that decision being reserved
for a later stage of the planning process when the 'cost
and benefits' of attaining each of the various levels of
water quality is known.
Keywords: "Standards, "Water quality, "Urban plan-
ning, Project planning, Potable water, Recreation, Es-
thetics, Measurement, Bacteria, Salinity, Pesticides,
Surface waters, Tables(Data), Texas, Houston(Texas),
GalvestonfTexas), Water quality standards.
PB-276 593/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Economic/Social Impact of Occupational Noise
Exposure Regulations,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Center for
Policy Alternatives.
Nicholas A. Ashford, Dale Hattis, Eric M. Zolt, Judith I.
Katz, and George R. Heaton. Sep 76,158p* CPA/wp-
76-15, EPA/550/9-77/352
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-251 408.
The report elaborates on the costs and benefits asso-
ciated with alternative occupational noise exposure
regulations. The limitations of cost/benefit analysis for
social decision-making are enunciated. The Impact of
various regulatory alternatives for 85 dBA and 90 dBA
criteria are analyzed.
Keywords: 'Nolse(Sound), "Regulations, Economic
impact, Benefit cost analysis, Auditory perception,
Standards, Industrial hygiene, Tables(Data),
Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation, Socioeconomic fac-
tors, Methodology, Cost estimates, Analyzing, "Noise
pollution, Economic impact, Compliance, Hearing con-
servation, "Occupational safety and health, Environ-
mental health, Occupational Safety and Health Act of
1970, Public Law 91-596.
PB-276 599/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Feasibility of Silver-Lead Mine Waste Manipula-
tion for Mine Drainage Control. Final rept. Mar 73-
Mar 75.
Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conserva-
tion, Helena. Engineering Bureau.
Nov 77,109p EPA/600/2-77/225
Grant EPA-S-802122
The purpose of the Feasibility Study Dry Fork of Belt
Creek, Montana is to examine solutions and methods
of abatement of acid mine drainage problems and rec-
ommend a solution. The Galena Creek area In the Dry
Fork of Belt Creek drainage contains several old mine
tailings piles from which acidic waters emerge. The
acidic water has destroyed the aquatic life in Galena
Creek and the Dry Fork of Belt Creek as well as ruined
the overall aesthetic value of both creeks. Mine dump
surface regradlng and sealing are recommended as
the method of reducing the acidic wastes entering
Galena Creek. The top of Block P Mine dump should
be sloped so as to allow proper drainage. The top
should also be sealed with a bentonite seal, and top
soil added to allow revegetatlon. The bypass pipeline
around the Block P dump should be extended to pre-
vent water in Galena Creek from creating seeps in the
toe of the dump.
Keywords: "Mine waters, "Water pollution control,
"Galena Creek, Silver, Lead(Metal), Feasibility, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Stream gages, Neutralizing,
Stream flow, Monitoring, Limestone, Diverting,
Sealers, Bentonite, Vegetation, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Montana, "Mine acid drainage, Lead mines,
Silver mines.
PB-276 600/4 PC A10/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source - Stream Nutrient Level Relation-
ships: A Nationwide Study. Final rept. Jun 72-Dec
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
James M. Omernlk. Sep 77,202p" EPA/600/3-77/
105
National Eutrophicatlon Survey (NES) data for a na-
tionwide collection of 928 non-point source water-
sheds were studied for relationships between macro-
drainage area characteristics (particularly land use)
and nutrient levels In streams. Both the total and Inor-
ganic forms of phosphorus and nitrogen concentra-
tions and loads In streams were considered. For both
nationwide and regional data sets, significant correla-
tions were found between general land use and nutri-
ent concentrations In streams. Mean concentrations
were considerably higher In streams draining agricul-
tural watersheds than In streams draining forested wa-
tersheds. The overall relationships and regionalities of
the relationships and interrelationships with other
characteristics are Illustrated cartographically and sta-
tistically. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Nitrogen, "Streams, "Water
pollution, Surveys, Nutrients, Land use,
Concentration(Composition), Soils, Watersheds,
Runoff, Urban areas, Drainage, Agriculture, Forest
land, States(Unlted States), TablesfData), "Eutrophi-
cation, "Nonpoint sources, Organic loadings.
PB-276 601/2 PC A04/MF A01
Osseous, Partlculate, and Sulfur-Related Emis-
sions from Non-Catalyst and Catalyst Equipped
Vehicles. Report for Nov 74-Nov 75,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
James N. Braddock. Dec 77,59p EPA/600/2-77/237
Gaseous, particulate, and sulfur-related emissions
from six 49-state 1975 domestic production catalyst
equipped vehicles (two Chevrolets, two Fords, and two
Plymouths) and one 1975 imported prototype non-
catalyst vehicle (Honda CVCC) were measured by a
variety of chemical analysis techniques as a function
of fuel sulfur level. Four separate and different sulfur
level fuels were tested for each vehicle. The seven test
vehicles were driven in accordance with the 1975 Fed-
eral Test Procedure (75 FTP) and the Highway Fuel
Economy Test (HWFET) procedure. Sulfur dioxide,
particulate matter, and sulfate emissions increased
with increasing fuel sulfur and were greater during the
HWFET cycle than during the 75 FTP cycle. The great-
est particulate and sulfate emitters were the air pump
equipped Ford vehicles, while the lowest particulate
and sulfate emitter was the Honda CVCC. Particulate
matter was composed mostly of sulfuric acid; the non-
sulfate portion of the particulate matter was composed
of carbonaceous material and aluminum and iron oxi-
dation products. No platinum was found in the particu-
late matter.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Gas analysis, Auto-
motive fuels, Chemical analysis, Particles, Sulfates,
Catalysts, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur inorganic compounds,
Gasoline, Tables(Data), Sampling, "Air pollution de-
tection, Air pollution sampling, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms.
PB-276 608/7 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Analyses of Grab Samples from Fixed-Bed Coal
Gasification Processes. Final rept. Jan-Jul 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Karl J. Bombaugh. Dec 77,85p EPA/600/7-77/141
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report gives results of an analytical screening of
selected effluent samples from operating coal gasifica-
tion units. The work was done to aid in planning for
future more comprehensive environmental test pro-
grams which will be conducted at gasification units
both In the U.S. and abroad. A secondary objective
was to evaluate EPA's phased approach to environ-
mental testing of coal gasification units. Grab sam-
ples-Including tar, process condensate, gasifier ash,
and cyclone dust-from five different commercial-scale
gasiflers and one pilot-scale gasifier were obtained for
the study. All were single-stage, fixed-bed, atmospher-
ic-pressure, air-blown units; however, the materials
consumed by the gaslfiers included both bituminous
and anthracite coals. The analyses were intended as a
in each sample which warrant further attention. The
study resulted in many significant conclusions relating
to: the classes and concentrations of components In
specific samples; the effects of feedstock and process
operating condition changes on the levels of key com-
ponents detected In the samples; and modifications/
additions to suggested EPA procedures which would
help ensure that the maximum amount of useful envi-
ronmental information is obtained from future pro-
grams.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Coal gasification, "Air
pollution control, "Residues, "Water pollution control,
Management planning, Forecasting, Process charting,
Industrial wastes, Samples, Inorganic compounds,
Combustion products, Fly ash, Dust, Tar, Organic com-
pounds, Trace elements, Water analysis, Gas analysis,
Cyclone separators, Design criteria, Procedures, "Air
pollution detection, "Water pollution detection.
PB-276 617/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Environmental Impacts of OH Shale Development,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif. Center for
Resources and Environmental Systems Studies.
David L. Meyers. Nov 77,34p" EPA/600/9-77-033
Contract EPA-68-01 -2940
This report presents a state of the art description of the
oil shale Industry. The report particularly relates to oil
shale mining, retorting, and refining In Greenville, Colo-
rado. The possible effects of oil shale development on
pollution, public health, and population growth are dis-
cussed.
December 1983 309
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Mining, 'Oil shale processing
plants, 'Environmental impacts, Piceance Basin, Air
pollution, Dust, Retorting, Refining, Underground
mining, In-situ retorting, Extraction, Industrial water,
Water pollution, Water consumption, Solid waste dis-
posal, Industrial wastes, Catalysts, Land use, Public
health, Population growth, Forecasting, Mine wastes,
Spent shale, Kerogen, Greenville(Colorado).
PB-276 618/6 PC A02/MF A01
Human Exposure System for Controlled Ozone
Atmospheres. Environmental health effects research
series,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Arthur A. Strong, Robert Penley, and John H. Knelson.
Oct 77,24p EPA/600/1 -77/048
An experimental exposure system for health effects re-
search In environmental pollutants that permits the in-
troduction and control of ozone (O3) to an acrylic plas-
tic chamber in which a human subject actively resides
is described. Ozone is introduced into the chamber air
intake and is controlled by an electro-mechanical feed-
back system operating from the electrical output of an
O3 gas analyzer. A continuous record of 03 concen-
tration, temperature, and dew point is provided by an
analog multipoint strip chart recorder. If the chamber
O3 levels exceed preset limits, an alarm system auto-
matically stops the O3 flow and switches the chamber
exhaust to purge operation. A complete air exchange
occurs every 72 seconds. In an emergency, the cham-
ber can be purged in 190 seconds. Chamber tempera-
ture and humidity are dependent upon conditioned lab-
oratory air.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Test chambers, Humans, Expo-
sure, Experimental data, Safety engineering,
Concentration(Composition), Temperature, Environ-
mental tests, Humidity, Dew point, Warning systems,
Measurement, Environmental health, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB-276 619/4 PC A07/MF A01
Economic Analysis of Selected Features of Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Construction Grant Legisla-
tion. Socioeconomic environmental studies series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Marshall Rose, and Jon Goldstein. Sep 77,150p EPA/
600/5-77/011b
This report analyzes the current Federal Construction
Grant Program for funding the treatment of municipal
wastewater. Four main elements of this Federal pro-
gram are evaluated: the grant formula, the allotment
funding process, grant-eligible reserve capacity, and
industrial cost recovery. Existing legal provisions with
respect to each of these program elements are shown
to be deficient in terms of their ability to encourage an
efficient allocation of abatement resources and to pro-
mote an equitable distribution of Federal grant funds.
The report presents several options within each pro-
gram element for improving the principles of Construc-
tion Grant Legislation.
Keywords: 'Financing, 'Sewage treatment, "Con-
struction costs, 'Grants, 'Water pollution abatement,
•Municipalities, Research management, Allocations,
Public law, Cost analysis, Rates(Costs), Ranking, Cost
effectiveness, Cost sharing.
PB-276 620/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Comparison of Wat Chemical and Instrumental
Methods for Measuring Airborne Sulfate. Final
rent.
California State Dept of Health, Berkeley. Air and In-
dustrial Hygiene Lab.
B. R. Appel, E. L. Kothny, E. M. Hoffer, and J. J.
Wesolowski. Nov77,180p EPA/600/7-77/128
Contract EPA-68-02-2273
The methytthymol blue (MTB), modified Brosset, and
barium chloranilate sulfate methods were evaluated
for precision, accuracy, working range, interference ef-
fects, and degree of agreement with x-ray fluores-
cence analysis (XRF) using atmospheric paniculate
samples. The samples used were collected simulta-
neously with glass fiber, quartz fiber and Flu* opore fil-
ters, the latter being used in a dichotomous sampler.
Studies of Interference effects were based upon
measured concentrations of potential interferents ex-
tractable from the paniculate matter as well as the
filter media. The results demonstrated agreement
within 16% for determining atmospheric sultate con-
centrations by the three wet chemical procedures with
all the filter media. XRF results on the 'fine' Fluoropore
samples agreed within 10% of those obtained by wet
chemical procedures on the samples and were, on
average and within experimental error, equivalent to
results obtained by the MTB method on 8 x 10 inch
glass fiber high volume samples. Small differences in
results obtained with different filter media in the
present study are more consistent with the effects of
analytical interferents rather than artifact sulfate for-
mation as the cause.
Keywords:
"Sulfates,
'Gas
analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Air
pollution, X ray analysis, X ray fluorescence, Panicles,
Samples, Atmospheric composition, Gts detectors,
Laboratory equipment, Comparison, Wet methods,
Procedures, 'Air pollution detection, Methylthymol
blue, Brosset method, Benzoquinone/(barium-salt)-
dichloro-dihydroxy.
PB-276 625/1 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Wet/Dry Cooling Systems for Fossil-Fueled
Power Plants: Water Conservation and Plume
Abatement. Final rept. Jun 75-Sep 77,
United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Philadelphia,
Pa.
M. C. Hu, and G. A. Englesson. Nov 77,300p* UE/C-
771130, EPA/600/7-77/137
Contract EPA-68-03-2202
The report gives results of a study of technical and
economic feasibilities of wet/dry cooling towers for
water conservation and vapor plume abatement. Re-
sults of cost optimizations of wet/dry cooling for 1000-
MWe fossil-fueled power plants are presented. Five
sites in the western coal region and one in New York
are evaluated for water conservation; four urban sites
(Seattle, Cleveland, Newark, and Charlotte) are used
in the plume abatement analyses. Results are given as
the total evaluated cost of the cooling system. Sepa-
rate cost components include initial capital cost, oper-
ating expenses, and penalties for the cooling system
operation capitalized over a plant life of 40 years. The
year of pricing is 1985. For the water conservation
analyses, optimized all-wet and all-dry cooling towers
are reference systems. The wet/dry system has sepa-
rate wet and dry mechanical draft towers. Costs are re-
lated to the make-up water requirement expressed as
a percentage of the water required by an all-wet
system. Parametric and sensitivity analyses show the
effect of changing the system design and economic
factors. A parallel air-flow hybrid wet/dry tower is used
in the plume abatement studies. Costs are presented
for an allowable number of hours of fogging. An all-wet
system, optimized solely for cost, is the reference.
Keywords. 'Cooling towers, 'Air pollution control,
'Water conservation, Electric power plants,
Tables(Data), Fogging, Economic analysis, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Plumes, Mathematical
models, Plant location, Capitalized costs, 'Fossil
fueled power plants, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB-276 626/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of a High-Temperature/High-Pres-
sure Electrostatic Preclpltator. Final rept. Aug 75-
l' Environmental Systems, Inc., Bound Brook,
Aug 77
Cottrell
N.J.
J. R. Bush, P. L. Feldman, and M. Robinson. Nov 77,
85p EPA/600/7-77/132
Contract EPA-68-02-2104
The report gives results of a laboratory test demon-
strating the feasibility of electrostatic precipitation at
high temperatures (to 1366 K) and pressures (to 3550
kPa): corona currents were stable at all temperatures.
Detailed current/voltage characteristics under nega-
tive and positive polarity were obtained in dry air, in a
simulated combustion gas, and in a substitute fuel gas
for each temperature and pressure level. Major effects
of temperature, pressure, and electrode geometry on
precipitator design characteristics (sparking voltages,
corona starting voltages, and current levels) were eval-
uated. This work has established that no practical tem-
perature or pressure limitation exists to the levels
tested. A preliminary cost estimate is presented for a
commercial-size precipitator design applied to a com-
mercial fluidized-bed combustor and turbine system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, High temperature tests, High pres-
sure tests, Design criteria, Feasibility, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Coal, Experiments, Per-
formance evaluation, Stationary sources.
PB-276 628/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Vertical Fluxes and Exchange Coefficients In the
Air over St. Louis. Field Program 1975. Final rept. 1
Feb 75-15 Nov 76,
Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana.
Bernice Ackerman. Nov 77, 74p EPA/600/4-77/045
Grant EPA-R-803682
A field program was carried out in the greater metro-
politan area of St. Louis, MO during February and July
of 1975 as pan of the Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS). The purpose of the program was to collect at-
mospheric measurements needed for future studies of
the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over urban and in-
dustrial areas and surrounding rural areas. The overall
goals of the PBL study are to (1) describe the thermo-
dynamic, wind and turbulence fields over the region;
(2) determine the magnitude and vertical variation of
the vertical fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum as
a function of land use; (3) obtain estimates of the ex-
change coefficients of these variables; and (4) deter-
mine the dependence of turbulence intensity on land
use. Pilot-balloon stations provided simultaneous
measurements of the wind profile with vertical resolu-
tion. Tethered-balloon sounding systems yielded ther-
modynamic and wind profiles. An airplane equipped
with meteorological instruments provided meas-
urements of the three components of wind velocity
and of high frequency fluctuations in velocity, tempera-
ture and humidity. Observational periods, or missions,
were scheduled for 3- or 4-hour durations during field
experiments. The objectives included (a) mapping mis-
sions to delineate the thermodynamic, wind and turbu-
lent fields over the region, (b) flux missions to provide
estimates of the true vertical fluxes of momentum,
heat and moisture simultaneously with vertical profiles
of these variables, and (c) nocturnal missions to pro-
vide information on the strength of the nocturnal heat
island circulation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meteorological data. Fore-
casting, Thermodynamics, Wind, Boundary layer,
Aerial surveys, Metropolitan areas, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Concentration(Composition), Flux density, Ex-
changing, Missouri, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), Planetary
boundary layer, Land use, RAPS program.
PB-276 632/7 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Lung Function and Its Growth,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
A. M. Collier, W. A. Clyde, Jr., F. W. Denny, G. W.
Fernald, and W. Pau Glezen. Sep 77,34p EPA/600/1-
77/044
Grant EPA-R-902233
Evidence that certain uncomplicated upper respiratory
infections (URI) induce pulmonary function abnormali-
ties in adults prompted a study in children where such
infections occur more frequently. In a longitudinal
study, 55 children aged 2.5-9 years were observed for
a mean duration of 2 years. Spirometry and lung
volume studies were obtained routinely every 3
months, with each URI and 4 weeks post-illness pro-
viding data on 636 well and 260 illness observations.
Adjusted mean values of forced vital capacity, 1 sec
forced expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow rate,
mid-maximal expiratory flow rate, and expiratory flow
rate at 50% FVC decreased during URI. The data sug-
gest lower respiratory tract involvement without signs
or symptoms of lower airways or alveolar disease
occurs with URI of varied etiology in childhood. Respi-
ratory syncytial virus Is the most common cause of
severe lower respiratory Illness in infants and recurrent
infections occur commonly. To evaluate the immune
response to primary and secondary RSV Infection
serial determinations of serum neutralizing antibody
and circulating antigen reactive lymphocytes were per-
310 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formed. Although a brisk serum antibody response
was seen after Doth infections, antigen reactive lym-
phocytes were only detected after the second epi-
sode.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Infectious dis-
eases, Immunity, Viral diseases, Children, Infants,
Lung, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Lung function tests, Respiratory syn-
cytial virus, Airway obstruction, Airway resistance,
'Pulmonary function.
PB-276 633/5 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of High-Gradient Magnetic Separation
to Fine Particle Control. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-29
Aug 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
C. H. Gooding, T. W. Sigmon, and L. K. Monteith. Nov
77,153p EPA/600/2-77/230
Contract EPA-68-02-1879
The report gives results of an assessment of the po-
tential use of high-gradient magnetic separation
(HGMS) as a means of collecting gas stream particu-
lates. The assessment included both experiments and
analyses of theoretical models. Phase I included eval-
uations of theoretical explanations of HGMS and pub-
lished reports of liquid system applications. A bench-
scale apparatus was constructed, and HGMS experi-
ments were conducted using redispersed dust from a
basic oxygen furnace. High efficiency collection of fine
particulates was achieved with both high throughput
and reasonable projected energy requirements rela-
tive to conventional devices. In Phase II, experiments
were scaled up to 0.8 cu m/s (1700 CFM). Dusts from
basic oxygen and electric arc furnaces were redis-
persed and collected. Results show that submicron
particles can be collected with 90-plus % efficiency
using applied magnetic flux densities of 0.2-0.4 T. With
superficial gas velocities up to 11 m/s, the pressure
drop across the HGMS device was typically less than
1.5 kPa (6 in. H20). Even lower fields can be used suc-
cessfully at the expense of higher pressure drop or re-
duced throughput.
Keywords: "Fines, 'Air pollution control, 'Magnetic
separators, Particles, Experiments, Performance eval-
uation, Efficiency, Mathematical models, Economics,
Comparison, Substitutes, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, 'High gradient magnetic separation.
PB-276 635/0 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Method Development and Monitoring of Polynu-
tiear Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Selected U.S.
Water*. Final rept. 1 Aug 75-31 Jul 77,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y.
J. Saxena, D. K. Basu, and J. Kozuchowski. Nov 77,
97p EPA/800/1-77/052
Grant EPA-R-803977
A method for concentration of trace quantities of the
*ix representatives of polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bon (PAH) family has been developed and successful-
ly applied to PAH monitoring in finished and raw
waters. PAH are collected by passing water through
Potyurethane foam plugs. Water is heated to 62 + or -
2C prior to passage and flow rate is maintained at ap-
proximately 250 ml/mln to obtain quantitative recover-
'es. The collection is followed by elution of foam plugs
**h organic solvent, purification by partitioning with
solvents and column chromatograpny on Florisll, and
analysis by two dimensional thin layer chromatogra-
Phy-fluorometry and gas liquid chromatography-FID.
Employing this method and a sample volume of 60I,
PAH have been detected in all the ten water supplies
Sampled. Although the sum of the six representative
pAH in drinking waters was small (0.9 to 15 opt), the
values found for raw waters were as high as 600 ppt. It
* unclear if PAH are removed during treatment or
transformed to another product and escape detection.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Aromatic polycycllc hy-
*ocarbons, "Monitoring, 'Polyurethane foam, Extrac-
gon. Elution, Quantitative analysis, Chromatography,
Potable water, Heating, Flow rate, Carcinogens,
Chemical analysis, Field tests, Water pollution sam-
PHng, water pollution detection, Fluoranthenes, Ben-
j-onuoranthenes, Benzopyrenes, Benzoperylenes, In-
"•nopyrenes.
PB-276 637/6 PC A19/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, Calif.
Technical Assessment of NOx Removal Process-
es for Utility Application. Final rept. Oct 76-Jul 77,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala.
Office of Agricultural and Chemical Development.
H. L. Faucett, J. D. Maxwell, and T. A. Burnett. Nov 77,
429p' TVA-Y-120, EPA/600/7-77/127
Sponsored in part by Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, Calif. Rept. no. EPRI/AF-568.
The report gives results of a state-of-the-art review of
processes being developed to remove NOx from
power plant stack gas. The report's 48 processes in-
clude: wet and dry NOx processes, and wet and dry si-
multaneous NOx/SOx processes. Each process tech-
nical evaluation includes a detailed description, a sim-
plified block flow diagram, its current development
status, its raw material and utility requirements, pub-
lished economics, technical and environmental con-
siderations, and its overall advantages and disadvan-
tages. Eight processes are recommended as candi-
dates for preliminary economic analysis in the next
phase of the study.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
'Electric power plants, 'Assessments, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Technology, Flue
gases, Performance evaluation, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB-276 639/2 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio, water Supply Research Div.
The Cost of Water Supply and Water Utility Man-
agement. Volume I. Socioeconomic environmental
studies series,
ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, Fla.
Robert M. Clark, James I. Gillean, and W. Kyle Adams.
Nov 77,181p' EPA/600/5-77-015a
Contract EPA-68-03-2071
See also Volume 2, PB-276 640.
A study of 12 selected water utilities was undertaken to
determine the economics of water delivery. Data were
collected from at least one Class A water utility (rev-
enues greater than $500,000/year) In each of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's 10 regions. These
data are presented in a two-volume report. Volume I
provides summary information and in-depth analysis of
the 12 utilities studied. All the utilities are analyzed in
aggregate, and factors affecting the cost of water
supply are examined. Also provided is an evaluation of
the hypothetical impact of a proposed organic regula-
tion, promulgated under the Safe Drinking Water Act,
in 1980.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Water supply,
'Water distribution, "Urban planning, "Reg'onal plan-
ning, Systems analysis, Water services, Trends,
Standards, Water pollution, Revenue, Operating costs,
Expenses, Capitalized costs, Tables(Data), 'Water de-
livery, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, Water costs.
PB-276 640/0 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
The Cost of Water Supply and Water Utility Man-
agement. Volume II. Socioeconomic environmental
studies series,
ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, Fla.
James I. Gillean, W. Kyle Adams, and Robert M. Clark.
Nov 77, 311p* EPA/600-5-77-015b
Contract EPA-68-03-2071
See also Volume 1, PB-276 639.
A study of 12 selected water utilities was undertaken to
determine the economics of water delivery. Data were
collected from at least one Class A water utility (rev-
enues greater than $SOO,000/year) in each of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's 10 regions. These
data are summarized in two volumes. Volume II con-
tains the basic data from each of the 12 utilities stud-
ied. Services of each utility were divided Into five func-
tional areas common to all water supply delivery sys-
tems - support services, acquisition, treatment or puri-
fication, distribution and power and pumping. These
categories provided a common basis for collecting and
comparing data. Cost* were categorized as operating
or capital expenditures.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Water supply,
•Water distribution, 'Urban planning, "Regional plan-
ning, Water service*, Pumping, Sewage treatment,
Water treatment, Operating costs, Capitalized costs,
Expenses, Correlation techniques, Tables(Data),
'Water delivery, Water costs.
PB-276 643/4 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Paniculate Technology Branch.
Partlculate Control Highlights: Research on Elec-
trostatic Preclpltator Technology. Final rept. Nov
76-Nov 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
S. Oglesby, Jr., and G. Nichols. Dec 77,23p* SORI-
EAS-77-677, EPA/600/8-77/020a
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The report gives highlights of a major EPA research
program on electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technol-
ogy, directed toward Improving the performance of
ESPs in controlling industrial particulate emissions, no-
tably fly ash from coal combustion in electric power
plants. Relationships between electrical effects, such
as reverse corona, caused by high resistivity of the de-
posited fly ash, have been investigated. The Influence
of fly ash particle size and chemical composition on
the resistivity and dielectric strength of the deposited
fly ash has also been studied. Relationships have
been established between fly ash resistivity and
chemical composition, especially its alkali metal con-
tent, for ESP operating temperatures below about
250C. Based on these relationships, a mechanism for
ionic surface conduction has been proposed that com-
plements the ionic mechanism in bulk conduction in fly
ash particles at higher operating temperatures. The ef-
ficacy of conditioning fly ash by adding S03 to flue gas
(to lower fly ash resistivity) was established in trials at
electric power plants. Reentralnment of particles from
deposited fly ash has also been investigated in relation
to ESP rapping procedures and gas flow distribution. A
mathematical model of the ESP process has been de-
veloped, using fundamental relationships together with
measurements of ESP geometry, electrical conditions,
and particle size distribution.
Keywords: 'Particles, "Air pollution control equipment,
"Electrostatic precipitators, Technology, Fly ash, Elec-
tric power plants, Coal, Combustion products, Industri-
al wastes, Particle size distribution, Mathematical
models, Performance evaluation,
Preclpltation(Chemistry), Electric corona, Chemical
composition, Electrical resistance, 'Coal fired power
plants.
PB-276 644/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Tlme-of-Fllght Aerosol Beam Spectrometer for
Particle Size Measurements: Final rept. Jun 74-Mar
77,
Rochester Univ., N.Y. Dept. of Radiation Biology and
Biophysics.
Barton Dahneke. Nov 77,94p EPA/600/2-77/229
Grant EPA-R-803065
A tlme-of-flight aerosol beam spectrometer (TOFABS)
is described The Instrument has been designed and
constructed to perform In situ real time measurements
of the aerodynamic size of Individual aerosol particles
in the range 0.3 to 10 micrometers diameter. The
measurement method consists of (1) allowing a
sample aerosol to undergo expansion through a
nozzle into a vacuum chamber, such that each particle
acquires a terminal velocity depending on Its aerody-
namic size, then (2) measuring the terminal velocity by
determining the time taken for each particle to traverse
a laser beam of fixed width. An experimental calibra-
tion curve relating tlme-of-fllght and aerodynamic size,
based on the use of polystyrene latex spheres, Is
shown to be In good agreement with a theoretical cali-
bration obtained from the gas-particle dynamics equa-
tions. A comprehensive discussion of the properties
and uses of aerosol beams Is Included as an appendix.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Particle size distribution, Aero-
dynamic characteristics, Stokes law(Fluid mechanics),
Rarlfled gas dynamics, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Experiments, Calibrating, Electronic equip-
ment, Optical equipment, Vacuum apparatus, Air pollu-
tion, 'Time of flight aerosol beam spectrometers, 'Air
pollution detection, TOFABS system.
December 1983 311
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-276 64S/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Use of Electrostatically Charged Fog for Control
of Fugitive Dust Emissions. Final rept. Dec 76-Oct
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Electrical Engineering.
Stuart A. Hoenig. Nov 77,95p EPA/600/7-77/131
Grant EPA-R-805228
The report gives results of tests of the use of electro-
statically charged fog to control a wide variety of indus-
trial pollutants, ranging from silica flour to S02 and fly
ash. It has been demonstrated that most Industrial pol-
lutants acquire an electrostatic charge as they are dis-
persed into the air. If this charged airborne material is
exposed to an oppositely charged water fog there is
enhanced contact between the participates and the
fog droplets. After contact is made, the wetted particu-
lates agglomerate rapidly and fall out of the atmos-
phere. The tests showed that, in general, there has
been significant suppression with a minimum of water
fog. The technique is therefore well suited to control of
moving or fugitive dust sources where the usual hood-
ing and control systems cannot be applied.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic charge, *Fog, 'Air pollution
control, 'Particles, Agglomerates, Dust, Industrial
wastes, Particle size, Coal, Iron and steel industry,
Metal Industry, Copper, Cement, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 647/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of 'CAM-1,' a Warning Device for Or-
ganophosphate Hazardous Material Spills. Final
report on Task 1,30 Jun 73-1 Jun 75,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Louis H. Goodson, and William B. Jacobs. Nov 77,56p
EPA/600/2-77/219
Contract EPA-68-03-0299
The Cholinesterase Antagonist Monitor, CAM-1, which
uses Immobilized Cholinesterase on a porous polyure-
thane pad in an electrochemical cell Is able to sense
the presence of low concentrations of Cholinesterase
Inhibitors in water on a real time basis. The sensitivity
of CAM-1 to organophosphates and carbamates Is a
function of the affinity of Cholinesterase for them; thus
its response is greater for those compounds which are
more toxic (i.e., the detectable concentrations are in-
versely proportional to the LD(50)s of these pesti-
cides). Studies were conducted to show the sensitivity
of the monitor to 22 organophosphates and 7 carba-
mate pesticides. Correlation of the sensitivity to chemi-
cal structure of the organophosphates shows that In-
troduction of one or two sulfur atoms Into the pesticide
molecules reduces the sensitivity of the instrument for
it. CAM-1 is suited for monitoring of water for the pres-
ence of nonreversible Cholinesterase inhibitors (I.e.,
nonreverslble in vitro).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic phos-
phates, 'Detectors, 'Carbamates, 'Pesticides, Cholin-
esterase inhibitors, Water pollution, Performance eval-
uation, Monitoring, Sensitivity, Temperature, 'Chemi-
cal spills, 'Cholinesterase antagonist monitors,
'Water pollution detection, Immobilized enzymes.
PB-276 648/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Sludge and Residual Waste Inventory. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, Tex.
Oct76,112p
Prepared by Gulf Coast Waste Disposal Authority,
Houston, Tex. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Report on
Areawide Waste Treatment Management Plan for the
Greater Houston Area (Section 208, PL 92-500).
The report is an inventory of the existing sludge and re-
sidual waste sources from municipal water and
wastewater treatment activities. Also it includes an in-
ventory of significant sources of Class 1 and 2 industri-
al solid waste for the greater Houston area program.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Sewage treatment, 'Urban planning, Inventories,
Sources, Industrial plants, Licenses, Periodic vari-
ations, Volume, Tables(Data), Texas,
*Houston(Texas), *Galveston(Texas).
PB-276 649/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Goals Objectives: Areawide Waste Treatment
Management Plan for the Greater Houston Area
(Section 208, PL 92-500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, Tex.
Sep 76,69p
Prepared by the Citizens Advisory Group for the Great-
er Houston Area, Tex. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
The report is a product of citizen involvement in the de-
termination of planning goals and objectives toward
the development of an areawide waste treatment man-
agement plan for the greater Houston area. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Urban areas,
Objectives, Sewage treatment, Project planning,
Water pollution abatement, Monitoring, Runoff, Oil pol-
lution, Storm sewers, Citizen participation, Rivers,
Streams, Recommendations, Texas,
•HoustonfTexas), 'Galveston(Texas).
PB-276 651/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fly Ash Conditioning with Sulfur Trloxlde. Final
rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Edward B. Dismukes, and John P. Gooch. Dec 77,74p
EPA/600/2-77/242
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The report describes an evaluation of an S03 Injection
system for the George Neal Unit 2 boiler of the Iowa
Public Service Co. in Sioux City, Iowa. Results of base
line tests without conditioning indicate a dust resistivity
of 6 x 10 to the 12th power ohm-cm at 118C: the precl-
pitator's average collection efficiency was 91.3% at a
specific collecting area of 42.8 sq m/(cu m/sec). Be-
cause transformer-rectifier sets tripped out, apparently
due to ash buildup in the hoppers, only one precipitator
efficiency test was conducted with the S03 system op-
erating continuously with all T-R sets operating. Re-
sults of this test were: (1) specific collecting area =
41.8 sq m/(cu m/sec); (2) collection efficiencies =
99.27% (ASME method), 98.96% (EPA method), and
98.78% (EPA method, including first implnger residue);
and (3) 4 x 10 to the 10th power ohm-cm dust resistiv-
ity at 143C. An adequate accounting was made for the
fate of the injected 503.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Sulfur trloxide, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Efficiency, Boilers, Injection, Particle size distribu-
tion, Mathematical models, Sioux Clty(lowa), Iowa
Public Service Company.
PB-276 672/3 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Partlculate Technology Branch.
Controlling Emissions of Partlculates. Special rept.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Dlv.
Nov 77,18p EPA/600/8-77/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report gives a semi-technical overview of the con-
tribution of paniculate matter to the overall U.S. air pol-
lution problem. It also discusses contributions of the
Partlculate Technology Branch of EPA's Industrial En-
vironmental Research Laboratory at Research Trian-
gle Park, N.C., aimed at solving the paniculate pollut-
ant control problem. Singling out fine participates as a
pollutant OT major significance because of involved
health hazards, the report discusses fundamental re-
search In physical and chemical mechanisms particle
formation and collection, as well as testing and dem-
onstration projects that have been completed, are un-
derway, or are planned. Among conventional control
system components discussed are cyclones, bagh-
ouses, wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators.
Also discussed are such new concepts and novel de-
vices as charged droplet scrubbers, ceramic mem-
brane filters, magnetic filter beds, and those specifical-
ly designed for processes operating at high tempera-
tures and pressures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, High tem-
perature tests, High pressure tests, Cyclone separa-
tors, Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters,
Membranes, Ceramics, Performance evaluation, Sta-
tionary sources, Baghouses, Wet methods, Charged
droplet scrubbers.
PB-276 680/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Com-
bustion Modification Techniques: Volume I. Sum-
mary. Special rept. Jun 76-Feb 77,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
H. B. Mason, A. B. Shimizu, J. E. Ferrell, G. G. Poe, and
L. R. Waterland. Oct 77,76p* EPA/600/7-77/119a
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also Volume 2, PB-276 681.
Contents:
NOx source characterization;
Pollutant characterization;
NOx control characterization;
Multimedia emission inventory of NOx sources;
Evaluation of incremental emissions due to NOx
controls;
Environmental assessment priorities--(Evaluation
of NOx control requirements, summary of
source/control priorities, pollutant/impact
screening, and future effort).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Assessments, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Exhaust emissions, Sources, Inventories,
Carbon monoxide, Particles, Hydrocarbons, Sulfates,
Inorganic nitrates, Trace elements, Revisions, Stand-
ards, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Regula-
tions, Boilers, Furnaces, Gas turbines, Internal com-
bustion engines, Stationary sources, Emission factors.
PB-276 681/4 PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Com-
bustion Modification Techniques: Volume II. Tech-
nical Results. Special rept. Jun 76-Feb 77,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
H. B. Mason, A. B. Shimizu, J. E. Ferrell, G. G. Poe, and
L. R. Waterland. Oct 77,581 p' EPA/600/7-77/119b
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also Volume 1, PB-276 680.
The report gives preliminary methodologies, data com-
pilation, and program priorities for assessing stationary
combustion sources and NOx combustion modification
technologies. Equipment characterizations and multi-
media emission Inventories are presented for utility
and Industrial boilers, commercial and residential
warm air furnaces, gas turbines, 1C engines, industrial
processes, and advanced combustion processes.
Control costs and operational, energy, and environ-
mental impacts are compiled and discussed for current
and emerging combustion modification NOx controls.
Incremental emissions of CO, HC, and paniculate due
to NOx controls can be minimized through control de-
velopment engineering. Other effluents (ROMs, segre-
gating trace metals, and sulfates) show potential for in-
creased emissions with some combustion modifica-
tions. Significant data gaps In emissions and impacts
of multimedia pollutants, with and without NOx con-
trols, are noted. Program priorities for field tests and
process studies to augment the data base are present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Assessments, Inorganic nitrates, Substitutes, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Boilers, Furnaces,
Gas turbines, Internal combustion engines, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Process charting, Ex-
haust emissions, Revisions, Carbon monoxide, Hydro-
carbons, Particles, Cost analysis, Operating costs, Sul-
fates, Inventories, Technology, Regulations, Sources,
Public health, Trace elements, Emission factors, Sta-
tionary sources, Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 689/7 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Septic Tank Disposal Systems as Phosphorus
Sources for Surface Weters. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Inst. for Environ-
mental Sciences.
Rebecca A. Jones, and Q. Fred Lee. Nov 77,74p
EPA/600/3-77/129
Grant EPA-R-804549
312 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with EnviroOual Consultants
ana Labs., Inc., Piano, Tex.
A 4-year groundwater monitoring study was conducted
In the immediate vicinity of an active septic tank
waatewater disposal system in the sandy substrate in
Burnett County of northwestern Wisconsin to deter-
mine the potential for this method of wastewater dis-
posal to contribute to excessive fertilization of surface
waters. To monitor the movement of the effluent and
the character of the area groundwater, selected pa-
rameters were measured in water samples collected
from an array of wells located up and down ground-
water gradient from the septic tank tile field. The re-
sults of this study confirm the conclusions, drawn from
similar studies in other areas, that phosphorus from
septic tank wastewater disposal system effluent is
usually not readily transported through the ground-
water. Therefore, septic tank wastewater disposal sys-
tems generally do not contribute significant amounts of
phosphorus to surface waters to contribute to their ex-
cessNe fertilization.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Phos-
phorus, 'Septic tanks, 'Water pollution, Monitoring,
Soils, Adsorption, Fertilizing, Sewage disposal, Field
tests, Water analysis, Observation wells, Wisconsin,
Burnett County(Wisconsin), 'Path of pollutants.
PB-276 690/6 PC A04/MF A01
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxlclty of Ef-
fluents to Aquatic Organisms,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.Ohio.
William Peltier. Jan 76,63p EPA/600/4-78/012
See also PB-227183.
The report describes methods for the measurement of
the acute toxictty of effluents to macrolnvertebrates
and fish. The methods include a preliminary short-term
(8-24 hr), range-finding test and a long-term (96 hr.),
or alternate static definitive test for use in determining
the LC50 or ECSO of the waste. The report includes
guidelines on effluent sampling and holding, facilities
and equipment, dilution water, test species selection
and handling, and data interpretation.
Keywords: 'Toxtelty, 'Effluents, 'Aquatic animals, In-
vertebrates, Water pollution, Methodology, Measure-
ment, Fishes, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Bioassay,
Fresh water biology, Tables(Data), Experimental data,
Sampling, Procedures, Tests, Lethal dosage, 'Water
pollution etfects(Animals).
PB-276 691/3 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Onto.
Oil Spill and OH Pollution Reports. Quarterly rept.
May.Jul77,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul
Nordin. Nov 77,389p' EPA/600/2-77/243
Grant EPA-R-805052
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-272 689.
This Issue contains summaries of articles, reports, pat-
ents, documents, and other materials relating to oil
pollution published during the period 1974 to 1976.
Subject coverage includes aquatic and terrestrial oil
pollution with emphasis on the marine environment. A
rat of the periodicals reviewed In preparing this series
appears in the Appendix. Section II presents titles of
•cove or recently completed oil pollution research proj-
ects, summaries of project objectives, and current
status information and/or resulting publications pro-
vided upon request by the principal Investigators or
performing organization. Section III, Current Oil-Relat-
ed Conferences, contains descriptive Information on
recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to
any aspects of oil pollution. Conference dates are
toted; and, when information Is available, titles, au-
thors, and abstracts of conference papers are Includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution,
'Bibliographies, Oil pollution control, Monitoring,
Remote sensing, Sampling, Water analysis, Sources,
Containment, Chemical analysis, Cleaning, Sources,
Materials recovery, Recycling, Environmental impacts,
Reclamation, Regulations, Legislation, Marine biology,
Offshore drilling. Economic analysis, Government poli-
cies. Oil exploration, Transport properties, Patents,
Meetings, Degradation, Accidents, Tanker ships, OH
pollution detection, Water pollution detection, Oil pollu-
tion removal, Waste recycling, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Contingency planning.
PB-276 707/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Systems Analysis Study of Solid Waste Collection
Management. Volume I. Reports on Network
Coding, Network Selection, and Information
System Tasks. Project rept. 1972-74.
Wichita Falls Dept. of Public Works, Tex.
1977,128p EPA/530/SW-150C.1
Grant EPA-S-800279
See also Volume 2, PB-276 708.
A Solid Waste Collection Study was initiated in Wichita
Falls, Texas, in October, 1972. Automation techniques
were demonstrated in two major areas: (1) Resource
scheduling, measuring, and reporting for management
control; and, (2) Operational simulation for evaluation
of management strategies and options. The manage-
ment control area encompassed three substantial
tasks. They were: (1) The development and demon-
stration of automated techniques for coding a solid
waste collection network; (2) The development and
demonstration of automated techniques for selecting
efficient collection routes through a network and opti-
mizing resource assignments to collection routes; and,
(3) The development and implementation of an auto-
mated solid waste management information system.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Collection, 'Man-
agement planning, 'Systems analysis, 'Automation,
Data processing, Routing, Network flows, Trucks,
Sanitary landfills, Manpower, Digital systems, Maps,
Cost estimates, Punched card equipment, Refuse dis-
posal, Texas, Computer application, Wichita
Falls(Texas).
PB-276 708/5 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Systems Analysis Study of Solid Waste Collection
Management Volume II. Reports on Simulation
Tasks. Project rept. 1972-74.
Wichita Falls Dept. of Public Works, Tex.
1977,234p EPA/530/SW-150C.2
Grant EPA-S-800729
See also Volume 1, PB-276 707.
The simulation and strategy evaluation area encom-
passed two substantial tasks. They were: (1) The de-
velopment of a simulation model that will represent
any of several solid waste collection environments;
and, (2) The demonstration of the model as a tool for
evaluating management strategies and for developing
collection system optimization recommendations.
These simulation tasks are in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Collection, 'Man-
agement planning, 'Systems analysis, 'Automation,
Data processing, Simulation, Punched card equip-
ment, Network flows, Containers, Refuse disposal,
Trucks, Routing, Compacting, Maps, Sanitary landfills,
Process charting, Texas, Computer programming,
Computerized simulation, Wichita Falls(Texas).
PB-276 710/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, Va.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Comparison of Highway Noise Prediction Models.
Final rept.,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, Va.
Kenneth J. Plotkln, and R. G. Kunfcki. May 77, 46p*
WR-76-25, EPA/550/9-77/355
Contract EPA-68-01 -351 4
A review and comparison has been conducted of three
highway noise prediction models: NCHRP, TSC, and
Wyle. The first two are those approved by the Federal
Highway Administration; the third was developed for
EPA. The elements comprising each model are ana-
lyzed in detail, including basic formulation, vehicle
noise levels, propagation, treatment of various road
geometries, and shielding by barriers. Significant dif-
ferences among the models were found. A series of
charts is presented whereby differences among the
models may be estimated for particular Input data.
Comparison between measured roadside levels and
predictions from the three models are also presented.
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, 'Noise(Sound),
•Mathematical models, Prediction, Sound pressure,
Loudness, Sound transmission, Roads, Shielding, Bar-
riers, Acoustic measurement, Comparison, Noise pol-
lution, Vehicular traffic noise, Transportation noise.
PB-276 712/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Selecting Sites for Monitoring Total Suspended
Partlculates. Final rept.,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
F. L. Ludwig, J. H. S. Kealoha, and E. Shelar. Dec 77,
135p EPA/450/3-77/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2053
Revision of report dated Jun 77.
Criteria are suggested for locating high-volume total
suspended participate (TSP) measurement sites
based upon sampling needs. These needs are deter-
mined and classified according to the purposes for
which measurements are made. The first step in the
site selection process Is thus to identify the purpose of
the monitoring and relate it to the size of the area for
which the measurements are to be representative. At-
tention must also be given to particle size and the spe-
cial requirements of monitoring the impacts of large, In-
dividual sources. A matrix Is included to help the
reader relate different purposes to appropriate spatial
scales and to the other factors that are important to
the site selection process. Procedures are given for
selecting locations that are representative of urban
neighborhoods and interurban regions; selecting sites
along traffic corridors is also discussed. Methods are
also given for finding locations where the impact of
major individual sources are most pronounced. The
importance of smaller particles is emphasized be-
cause of their greater health and environmental ef-
fects relative to their mass. Specific recommendations
for sampling heights, distances from sources, and
placement relative to urban areas are given along with
the rationale behind these recommendations.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Sites, Air pollution. Sampling.
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Particle size,
Sources, Computer programs, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-276 715/0 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Reference Guideline for Industrial Boiler Manufac-
turers to Control Pollution with Combustion Modi-
fication. Final rept. Jun 73-Sep 77,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, Calif.
G. A. Cato, K. L. Maloney, and J. G. Softer. Nov 77,
90p* EPA/600/8-77/003b
Contract EPA-68-02-1074
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-264 543.
The report describes combustion modification meth-
ods that are available to boiler manufacturers for con-
trolling air pollutant emissions from industrial size
fossll-fuel-fired steam boilers. The methods discussed
Include reduction of excess air, staged combustion, air
register adjustment, fuel oil atomizatlon, combustion
air temperature adjustment, flue gas recirculation,
burner heat release rate, fuel type, burner tune-up, and
ammonia Injection. The report summarizes results of
tests on specific industrial boilers and discusses the
applicability of combustion modifications. Specific
guidelines for boiler design to achieve specified emis-
sion levels could not be given because of the variability
in emissions and responsiveness to control among the
various industrial boiler types.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Guide-
lines, 'Manuals, Manufacturing, Revisions, Particles,
Performance evaluation, Sources, Nitrogen oxides,
Fossil fuels, Burners, Flue gases, Circulation, Efficien-
cy, Process charting, Design criteria, Cost analysis,
Energy conservation, 'Combustion modification, Sta-
tionary sources, Air fuel ratio.
PB-276 716/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
American Air Filter Klnpactor 10 x 56 Venturt
Scrubber Evaluation. Final rept. Aug 76-Oct 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, Harry Barbarika, and Gary M.
Monahan. Nov 77,57p EPA/600/2-77/209b
Contract EPA-68-02-1669
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-274 449.
December 1983 313
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of an evaluation of an Ameri-
can Air Filter Kinpactor 10 x 56 venturi scrubber, oper-
ating on emissions from a large borax fusing furnace.
Average total efficiency was 97.5% during the test
period. The venturi was operated at a pressure drop of
110 cm W. C., using about 33 liters/s of scrubbing
liquor for a gas flow rate of about 20 A cu m/s (43,000
CFM) at 80 C. The dust had a mass median aerody-
namic diameter of about 0.8 micrometers A. The col-
lection efficiencies of particles with aerodynamic diam-
eters between 0.3 and 3 micrometers A were deter-
mined from size distribution data taken with cascade
impactors. The efficiency data showed the venturi to
be more efficient than predicted for particle sizes
below 1 micrometer A. Particle mass augmentation by
condensed water is a probable reason for the high effi-
ciency for small particle collection. Diffusion battery
data indicate the occurrence of some particle growth.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Furnaces, Borax, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
Particle size distribution, Cost analysis, 'Venturi scrub-
bers, Cascade impactors.
PB-276 717/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Comprehensive Planning for Air Quality Control.
Final rept.,
Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado
Springs, Colo.
Julian N. Beaver. Jan 78,149p* EPA/400/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4178
This report is intended for use by planning agencies,
regulatory organizations and elected officials in ap-
proaching in a systematic way methods to analyze,
control, and plan for air quality. The report documents
the relationship of air pollution to the performance of
city systems. It outlines a methodology for evaluating
the air pollution impacts of growth and development,
and it provides a framework for incorporating air quality
as a criterion in the comprehensive planning process.
Air pollution topics are discussed in the report accord-
ing to the following format: Chapter l-Health and wel-
fare impacts of air pollution; legal and regulatory
framework for air quality planning; Chapter Il--Method-
ology for integrating air quality criteria in the compre-
hensive planning process; Chapter Ill-Description in
greater detail of analysis and evaluation techniques
that are appropriate for considering air quality impacts
of regional development; Chapter iy-Consideration of
specific air quality strategies in relation to planning and
public investment decisions; Chapter V and Vl-Con-
sideration in greater detail of social and economic
issues associated with air quality control; Chapter VII-
Conclusion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Management planning, Public health, Regula-
tions, Law enforcement, Cost analysis, Water pollu-
tion, Electric power plants, Energy consumption,
Transportation, Technology, Mathematical models,
Economics, Urban areas, Air quality, Regional plan-
ning, Water quality, Nonpoint sources, Point sources,
Land use.
PB-276 718/4 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Synthetic Ammonia Produc-
tion. Final rept. Aug 75-Sep 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
G. D. Rawtings, and R. B. Reznik. Nov 77,85p* MRC-
DA-736, EPA/600/2-77/107m
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report for Mar 76 - Sep 77, PB-274 367.
The report describes a study of air emissions from the
production of synthetic ammonia. In 1976,90 synthetic
ammonia plants in 30 states produced 15.2 million
metric tons of anhydrous ammonia. Ammonia is syn-
thesized by the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Most plants produce hydrogen by the catalytic steam
reforming of natural gas. An average ammonia plant
has a capacity of 180,000 metric tons/year. Plant air
emissions result from regeneration of the desulfuriza-
tion tank, from combustion in the primary reformer,
from regeneration of the C02 scrubbing solution, and
from steam stripping of process condensate. On the
average, emissions from the regeneration of the desul-
furization tank are released for 10 hours, but only once
every 30 days; emissions from the other sources are
continuous during plant operation. These emission
points are not controlled because no state or federal
standards are exceeded. Process modifications have
reduced air emissions and improved utilization of raw
materials and energy. Potential environmental effects
from ammonia plant emissions were measured: high-
est continuous source severities result from NOx emis-
sions from the primary reformer (4.1), and ammonia
emissions from the regeneration of the CO2 scrubbing
solution (2.2) and from the condensate steam stripper
(3.2). Annual ammonia production should increase by
4-8% through 1980. Industry emissions should also in-
crease at this rate.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution control,
'Ammonia, 'Scrubbers, Sources,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Nitrogen oxides, Carbon diox-
ide, Process charting, Design criteria, Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Combustion products, I idustrial
wastes, Revisions, Manufacturing, Performance evalu-
ation, Trends, Forecasting, Technology, Hydrogen
production, Stationary sources.
PB-276 722/6 PC A03/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Bulk
Gasoline Plants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Stephen A. Shedd, and Neil Efird. Dec 77,49p EPA/
450/2-77/035, OAQPS-1.2-085
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-275 060.
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from gasoline bulk plants.
This guidance includes emission estimates, costs, en-
vironmental effects, and enforcement, for the develop-
ment of reasonable available control technology
(RACT).
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution control,
'Gasoline, Industrial plants, Regulations, Organic
compounds, Cost analysis, Law enforcement, Loading
procedures, Tank trucks, Sources, Design criteria,
Facilities, Substitutes, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 723/4 PC A24/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Airborne Particles.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Nov 77,560p* EPA/600/1-77/053
Contract EPA-78-02-1226
The document summarizes the literature on airborne
particles related to effects on man and his environ-
ment for consideration of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency in updating the information in the Air Qual-
ity Criteria for Paniculate Matter. Specific particles
such as lead, arsenic, or asbestos are not discussed.
These substances have been the subject of other NAS
publications. Nor are living particles considered. The
emphasis of the report is on particles that result from
man's activities. The origins, behavior, and fate of such
particles, their physical and chemical characteristics,
their interactions, transport, and removal from the am-
bient air are discussed in chapters 2 through 5. Rou-
tine and special monitoring trends are reviewed in
chapter 6. In chapters 7 and 8 there is a detailed dis-
cussion of the deposition, clearance, and retention of
particles, their effects on man and on other animals.
Chapter 9 is devoted to the available epidemiologic
evidence from which conclusions can be drawn about
the effects of paniculate pollution on man. It indicates
the gaps in our knowledge about exposure/ response
relationships and suggests studies that should be con-
ducted to remedy these deficiencies. Chapters 10 and
11 consider the effects of paniculate matter on vege-
tation and materials. Summaries, conclusions and rec-
ommendations are consolidated in Chapter 12. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Dust, 'Aerosols, 'Particles, Transport
properties, Toxicity, Recommendations, Air pollution,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Characteris-
tics, Behavior, Tables(Data), Interactions, Exposure,
Responses, Measurement, Cycles,
Concentration(Composition), Size determination, At-
mospheres, Lung, Sulfur dioxide, Epidemiology, Vege-
tation, Construction materials, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Participates, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Air pollution effects(Animais), Lung
function tests, 'Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB-276 724/2 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Effect of Hazardous Material Spills on Biological
Treatment Processes. Final rept. on Task 1,
Allegheny County Sanitary Authority, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Andrew P. Pajak, Edward J. Martin, George A. Brinsko,
and Frederick J. Erny. Dec 77,204p* EPA/600/2-77/
239
Grant EPA-S-801123
Prepared by Environmental Quality Systems, Inc.,
Rockville, Md.
The effects of over 250 chemical substances on bio-
logical treatment processes are presented in a format
which permits its use as an operations handbook. The
information, arranged in a matrix form with the chemi-
cal substances presented in alphabetical order, in-
cludes descriptions of the chemical; its effects on
treatment process operating parameters, especially
those associated with the activated sludge treatment
process; and the effect of the treatment process on
the chemical. Data from full scale, pilot scale, and
bench scale studies are reported. An extensive bibliog-
raphy related to the effects of hazardous materials on
biological treatment processes also is presented. Use
of the handbook with companion documents detailing
contingency plans and response countermeasures to
mitigate the effects of spills of these hazardous materi-
als is recommended.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treatment, Hand-
books, Toxicity, Classifications, Metals, Hydrocarbons,
Pesticides, Organic compounds, Inorganic salts, De-
scribing, Biodeterioration, Tables(Data), Activated
sludge, Chemical effluents, Poisoning(Chemical reac-
tions).
PB-276 730/9 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Cost Assessment for the Emplacement of Hazard-
ous Materials In a Salt Mine. Final rept. Jul 76-May
77,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
B. T. Kown, R. A. Stenzel, J. A. Hepper, J. D. Ruby, and
R. T. Milligan. Nov 77,198p* EPA/600/2-77/215
Contract EPA-68-03-2430
See also report dated Dec 75, PB-250 701.
This report presents the results of an economic evalu-
ation of the storage of nonradioactive hazardous
wastes in underground mine openings. This study is a
part of a continuous effort to find a new and better
method of disposing or storing hazardous wastes in an
environmentally acceptable manner. The technical as-
sessment of the hazardous waste storage in under-
ground mine openings performed in an earlier study In-
dicated that long-term storage of hazardous wastes in
a room and pillar type salt mine was an environmental-
ly acceptable method provided that certain precau-
tions are taken. This study is performed to develop the
cost data associated with the storage of hazardous
wastes in a typical room and pillar type salt mine, in-
cluding the capital and operating costs. This study also
Involved characterization of the wastes and conceptu-
al design of the waste receiving, treatment, container!-
zatlon, and storage facilities.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Underground storage, 'Mines(Excavations),
Room and pillar mining, Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Containers, Steels, Concretes, Chemical com-
pounds, Process charting, Economic analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Salt mines.
PB-276 731/7 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Source Assessment: Asphalt Hot Mix. Final rept.
Aug 74-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
Z. S. Khan, and T. W. Hughes. Dec 77,196p* MRC-
DA-542, EPA/600/2-77-107n
Contract EPA-68-021874
See also PB-274 367.
314 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report summarizes data on air emissions from the
asphalt hot mix industry. A representative asphalt hot
mix plant was defined, based on the results of an in-
dustrial survey, to assess the severity of emissions
from this industry. Source severity was defined as the
ratio of the maximum time-averaged ground level con-
centration of an emission to the primary ambient air
quality standard for criteria pollutants or to a modified
threshold limit value for noncriteria pollutants. For a
representative plant, source severities for paniculate,
nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, and
carbon monoxide are 4.02, 1.83, 0.67, 0.96, and 0.01,
respectively. Source severities for POM'S and alde-
hydes are 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. The report de-
scribes the manufacture of asphalt hot mix, emissions
produced, sources of emissions, the growth and
nature of the industry and the status of pollution con-
trol technology. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Asphalts, "Assess-
ments, Air pollution control equipment, Technology,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Manufacturing, Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Process
charting, Design criteria, Trends, Numerical analysis,
Performance evaluation, Emission factors.
PB-276 732/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Benthlc Orga-
nisms from a Dredge Spoil Disposal Site In Rl
Sound. Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Paul D. Boehm, and James G. Quinn. Nov 77,49p
EPA/600/3-77/092
QrantEPA-R-803415
It is the purpose of this study to investigate the spatial
distribution of hydrocarbons both in upper Rhode
Island Sound surface sediments and in the commer-
cially important shellfish from the area, the ocean
quahog (Acartia islandica). In doing so, an attempt is
made to distinguish the regular hydrocarbon geochem-
istry of Rhode Island Sound, defined by background
hydrocarbon distributions and inputs from Narragan-
sett Bay and adjacent coastal areas, from the input
due to mobilization of hydrocarbons from the deposit-
ed dredge spoil during the five years since the disposal
activity has ceased.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Chemical analysis, Spatial distribution, Sediments,
Geochemistry, Shellfish, Environmental surveys, Ex-
tractions, Thin layer chromatography, Rhode Island
Sound, Marine atmospheres, Carbon, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectrometry, Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance, Infrared spectroscopy, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Bioaccumulation, Dredge spoil, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB-276 734/1 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Manual for the Control of Hazardous Material
Spills. Volume 1: Spill Assessment and Water
Treatment Techniques. Final rept. 1 Jun 75-30 Jun
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Dlv.
K. R. Huibregtse, R. C. Scholz, R. E. Wullschleger, J.
H. Moser, and E. R. Bellinger. Nov 77,490p* EPA/
600/2-77/227
Contract EPA-68-03-2214
A manual for control of hazardous material spills using
improvised treatment systems was developed under
this contract. Spill control techniques have been em-
phasized, although a brief overview of spill prevention
methodology is included. The main body of the manual
has been subdivided into eight chapters. The following
topics are covered: (1) notification, (2) an inventory of
information sources, (3) identification and assessment
of human danger potentials, (4) determination of the
best handling method, including a thought guide ques-
tion approach to specific spill Incidents and suggested
treatment schemes for 303 hazardous chemicals, (5)
safety considerations and a limiting factor process
design, (6) construction and operation of five Impro-
vised treatment processes (filtration, carbon adsorp-
tion, Ion exchange, gravity separation and chemical re-
action), (7) process components and treatment chemi-
cals and (8) standard sampling and recordkeeping pro-
cedures. It is stressed that previous familiarization with
the contents is necessary for its effective use and that
the improvised systems should be used only when
other equipment is unavailable. Suggested treatment
schemes and procedures have not been field tested,
so extreme care must be taken to follow all safety pre-
cautions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Water pollution control, Assess-
ments, Sources, Safety, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, Filtration, Carbon, Adsorption, Ion exchanging,
Separation, Field tests, Chemical analysis, State gov-
ernment, Sites, Chemical reactions, Prevention, Feasi-
bility, Materials handling, Equipment, 'Chemical spills,
Water pollution abatement, Notification, Procedures.
PB-276 736/6 PC A17/MF A01
Assessment of Nonpolnt Sources. Araawlde
Waste Treatment Management Plan for the Great-
er Houston Area. Final rept.
Dannenbaum Engineering Corp., Houston, Tex.
Jul 77,399p
Prepared in cooperation with Espey, Huston and Asso-
ciates, Inc., Austin, Tex., and Houston-Galveston Area
Council, Tex.
This report is an assessment of the nonpoint sources
of water pollution within the Greater Houston 208 Plan-
ning Area. Includes assessments of water pollution re-
sulting from urban runoff, septic tank seepages, agri-
cultural runoff, construction site runoff, dredging, and
benthal oxygen demand. This information will, in turn,
be used to plan control strategies for these nonpoint
sources.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Assessments, Septic tanks, Seepage, Rainfall, Math-
ematical models, Construction, Dredging, Irrigation,
Pesticides, Agricultural wastes, Correlation tech-
niques, Watersheds, Biochemical oxygen demand, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Injection wells, Brines, Petroleum
industry, Salt water intrusion, Waste disposal, Oil pollu-
tion, Regulations, Texas, 'Nonpoint sources, 'Storm
water runoff, HoustonfTexas), Design storm, Organic
loadings, Oil spills.
PB-276 737/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Characterization of Shrimp Baculovlrus. Final rept.
23 Sep 74-31 Dec 76,
Texas Univ. at Austin.
Max D. Summers. Nov 77,47p EPA/600/3-77/130
Grant EPA-R-803395
The research undertaken involved the partial charac-
terization of a baculovirus of the pink shrimp, Psnaeus
duorarum. The significance of the study is related to
the fact that the shrimp baculovirus is morphologically
similar to insect vaculoviruses which were considered
unique to insect arthropods prior to the discovery of
shrimp nuclear polyhedrosis baculovirus (NPV). Fur-
ther, insect baculoviruses are being developed and ap-
plied as microbial pesticides for the control of certain
agricultural insect pests. Whereas the baculovirus dis-
eases in pests of agricultural or medical Importance
are considered a desirable relationship, a baculovirus
infection in shrimp Is an undesirable one. Research in-
cluded investigations of the biochemical, structural,
and, where appropriate, biological properties of the
shrimp virus as compared to those of known and char-
acterized properties of insect baculoviruses, both
granulosis and NPVs. Evidence for any structural relat-
edness of the shrimp NPV to insect NPVs has been
confirmed in cross-reactions of purified shrimp NPV
polyhedrin and infected shrimp tissues to insect bacu-
lovirus antlsera.
Keywords: 'Shrimps, 'Viruses, Aquatic animals, Shell-
fish, Arthropods, Crustacea, Biochemistry, Morphol-
ogy, Biology, Serology, Amino acids, Deoxyribonuclelc
acids, Biological pest control, Penaeus duorarum,
DNA viruses, 'Baculovirus, Cell cultures, Radioimmun-
oassay, Immunodlffusion.
PB-276 745/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Methods for Determining th» Polychlorlnated Bi-
phenyl Emissions from Incineration and Capacitor
and Transformer Filling Plants. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Clarence L. Haile, and Emile Baladi. Nov 77,94p EPA/
600/4-77/048
Contract EPA-68-02-1780
Described are methods to measure the polychlorl-
nated biphenyl (PCS) emissions from the stacks of mu-
nicipal waste, industrial waste, and sewage sludge in-
cinerators and from capacitor and transtormer filling
plants. The PCB emissions from the incineration plants
are collected by impingement in water and adsorption
on Florisil. The samples are extracted with hexane,
concentrated through evaporation of the solvent,
perchlorinated, and the polychlqrinated biphenyl con-
tent measured as the decachlorinated isomer using a
gas chromatograph equipped with a flame lonization
detector. The PCB emissions from the capacitor and
transformer filling plants are collected directly on Flori-
sil, extracted with hexane and quantified against the
appropriate Aroclor using a gas chromatograph. The
methods were developed from laboratory studies and
field tested at nine incineration plants and two trans-
former filling plants.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Incinerators, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Air pollution, Transformers, Capaci-
tors, Industrial wastes, Gas chromatography, Extrac-
tion, Combustion products, Performance evaluation,
Laboratory equipment, Sampling, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Air pollution detection, 'Flame ionlzation de-
tectors, Sewage sludges.
PB-276 749/9 PC A03/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Stor-
age of Petroleum Liquids In Fixed-Roof Tanks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Richard K. Burr, Kerri C. Brothers, and Robert Quaney.
Dec 77,44p EPA/450/2-77/036, OAQPS-1.2-089
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations limiting emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from the storage of petro-
leum liquids in fixed roof tanks. Reasonably available
control technology (RACT) is defined in this document;
cost analysis for RACT is included for evaluating the
cost effectiveness of controlling fixed roof storage
tank sources.
Keywords: 'Petroleum products, 'Air pollution control,
'Storage tanks, 'Organic compounds, Cost analysis,
Technology, Sources, Capitalized costs, Regulations,
Monitoring, Cost effectiveness, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-276 761/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Point Source Analysis. Inventory, Water De-
mands, and Problem Area Identification.
(Areawlde Waste Treatment Management Plan for
the Greater Houston Area. Section 208, PL 92-
500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, Tex.
Jul 77,120p
Prepared by Johnson (Bernard), Inc., Houston, Tex.
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
This report documents the methodologies utilized and
summarizes the results of three separate activities.
These activities are: The inventory of point source dis-
charges (municipal and industrial); the listing of exist-
ing water supply plans and projections of future water
use, and the definition of problem areas determined by
comparison with existing state stream standards.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water pollution, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Urban areas, Inventories, Industrial
wastes, Waste water, Outfall sewers, Surface waters,
Texas, Solid waste disposal, Lake Livingston, Trinity
River, Biochemical oxygen demand, Conform bacteria,
Sites, Oxygen, pH, Dissolved gases, Temperature,
Water demand, Point sources, v-touston(Texas), Or-
ganic loading, 'Water quality data.
PB-276 768/9 PC A03/MF A01
International Conference on Oxldants, 1976 -
Analysis of Evidence and Viewpoints. Part I. Defi-
nition of Key Issues,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Basil Dimltrlades, and A. Paul Altshuller. Oct 77,37p
EPA/600/3-77/113
December 1983 315
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference in
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a follow-up review/analysis effort. The
follow-up effort was designed to review carefully and
Impartially, to analyze relevant evidence and view-
points reported at the International Conference (and
elsewhere), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxi-
dant-related scientific Issues. The review/ analysis was
conducted by experts (who did not work for the EPA or
for industry) of widely recognized competence and ex-
perience In the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. Part I of the overall effort is an ex-
planatory analysis of the problem and definition of key
Issues, as viewed within the research component of
the EPA. Parts II through VIII are written by expert re-
viewers offering either resolutions of issues or recom-
mendations for additional research needed to achieve
such resolution.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *0xidizers, 'Meetings,
Ozone, Stratosphere, Atmospheric diffusion, Organic
compounds, Air pollution control, Atmospheric chemis-
try.
PB-278 769/7 PC A12/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Coal Preparation and
Analysis Lab.
Engineering/Economic Analyses of Coal Prepara-
tion with S02 Cleanup Processes tor Keeping
Higher Sulfur Coals In the Energy Market. Final
rept,
Hoffman-MuntnerCorp., Silver Spring, Md.
Lawrence Hoffman, S. J. Aresco, and Elmer C. Holt, Jr.
Nov 76,253p* 5004-FR, EPA/600/7-78/002
Contract J0155171
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry, and Department of Energy, Washington,
D.C.
For purposes of this study, higher sulfur coals from the
Northern Appalachian and Eastern Interior Regions
were selected since they have been shown to nave
reasonable physical cleaning potential. Then, possible
users of these coals in the electric power generating
industry were established along with the environmen-
tal constraints in their respective localities. This pro-
vided a framework within which to study and compare
the economics associated with meeting sulfur emis-
sion standards In two alternative ways. Specifically,
the study considers both new and existing plants using
either combined physical cleaning followed by stack
gas scrubbing or sulfur clean-up exclusively by stack
gas scrubbing. The results of the study Indicate that
many higher sulfur coals when physically cleaned to a
weight yield of 90 percent begin to approach environ-
mental acceptability. This permits the installation of an
economically attractive partial stack gas scrubbing
system to bring the power generating facility into com-
pliance with existing emissions standards. The eco-
nomics associated with such a combined approach
when compared with the exclusive use of stack gas
scrubbing demonstrate a definite advantage.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Air pollution control,
" Economic analysis, 'Desulfurization, Scrubbers,
Coal, Combustion products. Industrial wastes, Clean-
Ing, Electric power plants, Sulfur dioxide, Substitutes,
Flue gases, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, 'Air
pollution abatement, High sulfur coal.
PB-276 790-SET PC E11
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Alternative Fuels for Automotive Transportation.
A Feasibility Study.
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
Jul74,530p-in3v
Set Includes PB-276 791 thru PB-276 793.
No abstract available.
PB-276 781/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Alternative Fuels for Automotive Transportation.
A Feasibility Study. Volume I. Executive Summary.
Final rept.,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
J. Pangborn, and J. Gillis. Jul 74,35p EPA/460/3-74/
012a
Contract EPA-68-01-2111
See also Volume 2, PB-276 792.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-276 790-
SET.
The objective of this study is to assess the technical
and economic feasibility of alternative fuels for auto-
motive transportation, specifically: identification and
characterization of potentially feasible and practical al-
ternative fuels that can be derived from domestic, non-
petroleum energy resources; technical and economic
assessments of the most promising alternative fuels
for three specific time frames; identificatio i of perti-
nent fuels and research data gaps and recommenda-
tions of alternative fuel(s) to best satisfy future U.S.
automotive transportation requirements. Major empha-
sis in the selection of alternative fuels is placed on
long-term availability from domestic resources. Eco-
nomics, competition with other energy applications for
limited energy resources, safety, handling, system effi-
ciency, environmental impacts, and engine and fuel
distribution system compatibility are also taken into ac-
count. This study provides background information for
the development of U.S. energy programs pertaining
to chemical fuels.
Keywords: 'Automobile fuels, Feasibility, Environmen-
tal impacts, Technology, Mathematical models, Fuel
consumption, Compatibility, Fuel systems,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Combustion, Toxicity, Manufac-
tured gas, Economics, 'Energy resources, 'Synthetic
fuels, Energy demand, Fuel demand, Energy supplies,
Energy models.
PB-276 792/9 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Alternative Fuels for Automotive Transportation.
A Feasibility Study. Volume II. Technical Section.
Final rept.,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
J. Pangborn, and J. Gillis. Jul 74,280p EPA/460/3-74/
012b
Contract EPA-68-01-2111
See also Volume 1, PB-276 791, and Volume 3, PB-
276 793.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-276 790-
Contents: Fuel selection methodology; U.S. domestic
resource base; Energy demand and supply models;
Fuel synthesis technology; Fuel properties and com-
patibility; Environmental effects and resource deple-
tion; Alternative fuel system economics; Technology
and information gaps; Selection of candidate alterna-
tive fuels; Conclusion and scenarios.
Keywords: 'Automobile fuels, Hydrogen production,
Feasibility, Economics, Synthesis(Chemistry), Fuel
systems, Technology, Environmental Impacts, Scenar-
ios, Mathematical models, Solid wastes, Solar energy,
Nuclear energy, Hydrocarbons, Coal, Crude oil, Natu-
ral gas, Oil shale, Bituminous sands, Wind power,
Compatibility, Forecasting, Cost analysis, Safety,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Combustion,
Toxicity, Fuel consumption, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Energy
resources, Tidal power, Geothermal heating, Energy
demand, Energy supplies.
PB-276 793/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Alternative Fuels for Automotive Transportation.
A Feasibility Study. Volume III. Appendices. Final
rept,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III.
J. Pangborn, and J. Gillis. Jul 74,115p EPA/460/3-74/
012c
Contract EPA-68-01-2111
See also Volume 1, PB-276 791, and Volume 2, PB-
276 792.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E11, PB-276 790-
Contents:
Appendix A. Properties of potential alternative fuels
for automotive transportatlon-(Data sheets for
18 candidate fuels and bibliography);
Appendix B. Detailed process descriptions and
economics for candidate fuels from coal and oil
shale-(Gasoline and distillate fuels from coal,
gasoline and distillate fuels from oil shale,
methanol from coal, and SNG from coal).
Keywords: 'Automobile fuels, Feasibility, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Process charting,
Design criteria, Economics, Synthesis(Chemistry), En-
vironmental impacts, Toxicity, Combustion,
Tables(Data), Coal, Oil shale, Methyl alcohol, Coal ga-
sification, Manufactured gas, 'Energy resources,
'Synthetic fuels, Coal liquefaction, Lurgi process,
Consol synthetic gas process, SNG process, Koppers-
Totzek process.
PB-276 811/7 PC A06/MF A01
Disposal of Hazardous Wastes. Landfill. Pilot
study.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
May 77,103p NATO/CCMS-64
Report prepared by the United Kingdom. NATO fur-
nished.
Contents:
Landfill practice-(Use of landfill, Selection and
preparation of sites, and Site operation and
methods of disposal);
Landfill research-(Current research in participating
countries, and Site investigation techniques).
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, 'Chemical compounds, Ground water,
Surface water, Water pollution, Air pollution, Sites,
Leaching, NATO furnished.
PB-276 813/3 PC A03/MF A01
The Status and Quality of Radiation Meas-
urements for Air. Interim rept. 1973-75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
D. G. Easterly, R. R. Kinnison, A. N. Jarvis, and R. F.
Smiecinski. Oct 77,44p EPA/600/4-77/043
As part of the radiation quality assurance program con-
ducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
calibrated radionuclide solutions are distributed to par-
ticipating laboratories for instrument calibration and
yield determinations. Laboratory performance studies
involving the analysis of radionuclides in environmen-
tal media are also conducted. A summary is given of
the results of the air filter cross-check program for
1973-1975. Examination of these results indicate that
gross alpha is the least difficult (86 percent within the
control limits for accuracy) and gross beta is the most
difficult (39 percent within the control limits for accura-
cy) for the laboratories to analyze.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Quality assurance, Air filters, Urine,
Concentration(Composltion), Tables(Data), Histo-
grams, Statistical analysis, Numerical analysis, Stron-
tium 90, Cesium 137.
PB-276 816/6 PC A03/MF A01
Status and Quality of Radiation Measurements.
Food and Human Urine. Preliminary rept. 1972-75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
D. G. Easterly, R. R. Kinnison, A. N. Jarvis, and R. F.
Smiecinski. Oct 77,47p EPA/600/4-77/047
As part of the radiation quality assurance program con-
ducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
calibrated radionuclide solutions are distributed to par-
ticipating laboratories for instrument calibration and
yield determinations. Laboratory performance studies
involving the analysis of radionuclides in environmen-
tal media are also conducted. A summary is given of
the results for the food and human urine cross-check
programs for 1972-1975. For tritium, which was the
least difficult to analyze, eighty-two percent of the lab-
oratories were within the control limits for accuracy
and ninety-nine percent within the control limits for
precision over the 3-year period. For strontlum-89, and
most difficult to analyze, thirty-three percent were
within the accuracy control limits and seventy-seven
percent within the precision control limits.
316 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Radioactive Isotopes, 'Food analysis,
Dosimetry, Humans, Precision, Quality control, Qual-
ity assurance, Laboratories, Performance, Assaying,
Strontium 90, Iodine 131, Cesium 137, Potassium, Tri-
tium, Tables(Data), Qraphs(Charts), Accuracy, Meas-
urements, 'Urinalysls, Strontium 69, Barium 140.
PB-276 819/0 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Neonate Squirrel Monkeys Receiv-
ing Trltlated Water Throughout Gestation,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
David C. L Jones. Jan 78,68p EPA/600/1 -78/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2280
The effect of receiving tritiated water (HTO) through-
out gestation on the developing primate was assessed
by administering HTO to adult female squirrel monkeys
(Saimlri sciureus) as the only source of drinking water
beginning with the day of insemination and continuing
throughout pregnancy. For the control (tap water) and
six experimental groups, the mean urinary tritium con-
centrations in females delivering full-term progeny
were <0.004,0.05, 0.16,0.33,0.75,1.61, and 3.09 mf-
crocuries/ml. Positive bioassays for pregnancy were
observed in about half of 277 inseminated females.
Among pregnant females, the full-term delivery rate
was 36%, the abortion rate was 7%, and the resorp-
tlon rate was 56% with no discernible effect of HTO
administration on any of these parameters. The 46 full-
term progeny were evaluated within 2 days of birth. No
effects of HTO administration were observed in terms
of gestation period (median 153 days, range 141-158
days), sex distribution, body weight, body dimensions,
selected organ weights, histology (except gonads), or
hematologlc pattern. The number of primary oocytes in
female progeny decreased markedly within increasing
concentrations of tritium. Specific quantification of this
effect and evaluation of the neonate testes is in prog-
ress.
Keywords: 'Tritium, 'Pregnancy, 'Radiation effects,
Radlobiology, Radioactive isotopes, Infants, Evalua-
tion, Laboratory animals, Monkeys, Bloassay, Sex, Pa-
thology, Histology, Concentration(Composition), Body
fluids, Body weight, Radioactivity, Blood chemical
analysis, Hematology, Potable water,
Tlssues(Biology), Tables(Data), Primates, Saimlri
sciureus, Squirrel monkeys, 'Toxic substances.
PB-276 823/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Fremont Lake, Sublette County, Wyoming. Final
rept.
National Eutrophlcation Survey. Corvallls, Oreg.
Aug 77,36p WORKING PAPER-886
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fremont Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Sublette County(Wyoming).
PB-276 824/0 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Soda Lake, Sublette County, Wyoming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,24p WORKING PAPER-891
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Soda Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Wyoming, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Sublette County(Wyoming).
PB-276 825/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Big Sandy Reservoir, Sublette and Sweetwater
Counties, Wyoming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,36p WORKING PAPER-881
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Big Sandy Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Sublette
County(Wyoming), Sweetwater County(Wyoming).
PB-276 828/1 PC A16/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Platlnum-Qroup Metal*.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Sep 77,352p* EPA/600/1-77/040
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
The document assembles, organizes, and evaluates
all pertinent information (up to April 1976) about the ef-
fects on man and his environment that result either di-
rectly or indirectly from pollution by platinum-group
metals: Iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), palladium (Pd), plati-
num (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). The docu-
ment describes physical and chemical properties,
sources, measurement, and effects on plants, animals,
and humans. The information presented Is supported
by references to the scientific literature, and the sum-
mary, conclusions and recommendations represent a
consensus of the members of the Subcommittee.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Precious metals, 'Iridium,
'Osmium, 'Palladium, 'Platinum, 'Rhodium, 'Ruthen-
ium, Sources, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Recommendations, Allergic diseases, Physiologi-
cal effects, Toxicology, Pharmacology, Tables(Data),
Toxlcity, Air pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Environ-
mental health, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-276 843/0 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed (CAFB) Process
Solid* - Transport Studies. Topical rept. Aug 75-Oct
76,
Foster Wheeler Energy Corp., Livingston, N.J. John
Blizard Research Center.
John A. Bazan. Oct 77,273p EPA/600/7-77/114
Contract EPA-68-02-2106
The report describes cold-modeling efforts directed
toward the development of a solids-transport system
capable of transferring 40,000 Ib/hr of bed material
between two operating fluidized beds of a chemically
active fluidized bed (CAFB) gasiflcation/desulfuriza-
tion commercial demonstration unit. Three completely
different configurations were tested, Including at least
one modification of each design. The optimum system
would: transfer the required amount of bed material
per unit time between the two fluidized beds; use the
minimum quantity of activating gas; maintain the mini-
mum activating gas pressure; allow only minimal gas
leakage back into the supply bed; and provide an ac-
curate and reliable control of transfer rate. A modified
version of the third configuration tested (consisting of
vertical and horizontal tubes with rectangular cross
section and a multitube transport-gas sparger) was se-
lected as coming closest to these specifications.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Solids flow,
'Air pollution control, BedsfProcess engineering),
Transport properties, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Numerical analysis, Pilot plants, 'Chemi-
cally active fluid bed process, CAFB process.
PB-276 861/2 PC A18/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Re-
search Applied to National Needs.
Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay. II.
Nutrient* In Land Runoff from Rhode River Wa-
tersheds In 1975 and 1976,
Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Md. Chesapeake
Bay Center for Environmental Studies.
David L. Correll, Elaine S. Friebele, and Joseph Mlklas.
May 77,418p NSF/RA-770381
Grants NSF-ENV76-22045, EPA-R-804536-01
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.,
Baltimore, Md. Rept. no. CRC-PUB-55.
Part II of this project attempts to: (1) Measure the
forms and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus
in precipitation and land runoff for a series of Rhode
River sub-watershed basins; 12) relate these data to
water discharge in order to obtain area yield loading
rates; (3) assess how these area yield loading rates
vary seasonally and yearly; and (4) relate area yield
loadings to the land use composition of the test basins
and to land use practices In the basins. This study con-
cludes that the annual average concentrations of total
nitrogen and of total phosphorus In land runoff can be
predicted by a simple statistical equation relating these
concentrations to the percent of watershed in agricul-
tural plus residential uses. Also, It was found that the
same equations were equally valid for the whole of the
eastern and mldwestern United States If soil pH was
included as a parameter. A close relationship between
land use and runoff composition is documented. The
appendix, forming the bulk of the report, provides
tables of nutrient concentrations in precipitation and In
runoff waters from seven test basins.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Nutrients, 'Land
use, 'Rhode River, 'Water pollution,
Concentratlon(Composition), Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Mathematical prediction, Precipitatlon(Meteorology),
Watersheds, Regression analysis, Water flow, Periodic
variations, Ammonia, Streamflow, Seasonal variations,
Tables(Data), Maryland, Chesapeake Bay, 'Nonpoint
sources, 'Organic loading.
PB-276 862/0 PC A07/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Re-
search Applied to National Needs.
Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay. III.
Relationship between Bacterial Contamination
and Land Us* In th* Rhode River Watershed, and
Survival Studl** of 'Streptococcus faecalls' In th*
Estuary,
Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Md. Chesapeake
Bay Center for Environmental Studies.
Maria A. Faust, Nancy M. Goff, and Anne C. Jackson.
May 77,133p NSF/RA-770382
Grants NSF-ENV76-22045, EPA-R-804536-01
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.,
Baltimore, Md. Rept. no. CRC-PUB-56. See also PB-
276 861 and PB-276 663.
In Part III of this project, the contribution of 983 hectare
of rural watershed to the fecal conform (FC) and fecal
streptococci (FS) pollution in water runoff entering the
Rhode River was examined. The survival of Strepto-
coccus faecalls MC-5 of fecal origin in the Rhode River
estuary as affected by time, water temperature, dis-
solved oxygen, salinity and montmorlllonite in diffusion
chambers was determined. As a result of this study the
following conclusions were made: (1) The effect of
basin characteristics was the same on FC and FS dis-
charge and on water flow; (2) Fecal coliform pollution
in runoff water varies with the seasons of the year; (3)
The contribution of each land use component to FC
and FS discharge in a multiple land use watershed can
be calculated by the use of a statistical model; (4)
Water temperature Is the most important factor in pre-
dicting fecal streptococci survival from point and non-
point sources in assessing water quality in an estuarlne
system.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Land use, 'Surface water
runoff, Rhode River, 'Water pollution, Salmonella, Wa-
tersheds, Coliform bacteria, Streptococcus, Seasonal
variations, Temperature, Water flow, Mathematical
models, Feces, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Survival,
December 1983 317
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Salinity, Concentration(Composltion), Tables(Oata),
Maryland, Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality data, Non-
point sources.
PB-276 864/6 PC A09/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Re-
search Applied to National Needs.
Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay. VI.
Participate Discharge from Rhode River Subwa-
tershedi, 1975,
Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Md. Chesapeake
Bay Center for Environmental Studies.
J. W. Pierce, and F. T. Dulong. May 77,1B6p NSF/RA-
770384
Grants NSF-ENV76-22045, EPA-R-804536-01
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.,
Baltimore, Md. Rept. no. CRC-PUB-59. See also PB-
276 863.
During Part VI of this project, aliquots of composited
flow-integrated samples of water passing through
eight v-notch weirs located on different subwatersheds
of the Rhode River, Maryland were analyzed for total
and mineral solids. The difference between total solids
and mineral particles was allocated to the organic
phase. Regression equations of solids discharge on
water discharge showed that a second order equation
was best for prediction of the concentrations of flow-
integrated samples, in general explaining more than 80
percent of the variation in sediment discharge. Con-
centrations varied over three orders of magnitude,
from a low of less than 1 mg/l of total solids to 1290
mg/l. Precipitation was 81 percent of average in 1974;
132 percent in 1975, giving much higher water dis-
charge in 1975. Most of the water discharge occurs
during spring and fall. Applied to the entire Rhode
River watershed, negative discharges resulted during
two seasons and on an annual basis.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Sediments, 'Rhode
River, 'Water pollution, Monitoring,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Particles, Regression
analysis, Seasonal variations, Volume,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Flow rate, Tables(Data),
Weirs, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, 'Suspended
solids, Nonpoint sources.
PB-276 868/7 MF A01
Journal Articles on Worker Exposure. Group 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1957,85p-in 10 articles
Consists of PB-276 869 thru PB-276 878.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial medicine,
'Pesticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety
and health, 'Environmental health.
PB-276 869/5
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Exposure to Organic Phosphorus Sprays and Oc-
currence of Selected Symptoms,
Communicable Disease Canter, Savannah, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., Ernest M. Dixon, Gordon S.
Batchelor, and William M. Upholt. 1957,7p
Pub. in Public Health Reports, v72 n9 p787-794, Sep
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
A study of the effect of exposure to organic phospho-
rus insecticides carried out during 1952 and 1953,
Using some of the same subjects as those observed by
Sumerford and his colleagues In 1951, confirmed the
previously demonstrated relationships between blood
chollnesterase levels, exposure, and illness. It also
provided further evidence that the occurrence of
myosis or three or more other selected symptoms is a
criterion for the differential diagnosis of mild poisoning.
None of the results of the newlnvestlgation contradict-
ed any conclusion stated in the first report. In addition
to these confirmatory findings, the present study
showed clearly for the first time that illness resembling
mild poisoning was not significantly more common in
persons living in an agricultural community who had no
In persons living in a nonagricultural area, where insec-
ticides were not used.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Insecticides, 'Industrial medicine, Exposure,
Cholinesterase, Tables(Data), Signs and symptoms,
318 Vol. 83, No. 26
Physiological effects, Toxicity, Toxicology, Toxic dis-
eases, Wenatchee(Washington), Reprints, Agricultural
workers, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Health surveys, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Environmental health.
PB-276 870/3
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Exposure of Mosquito Control Workers to Fenth-
lon,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
H. R. Wolfe, J. F. Armstrong, and W. F. Durham. 1974,
5p
Pub. in Mosquito News, v34 n3 p263-267, Sep 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
Values for potential dermal and respiratory exposure
were determined for workers applying fenthion for
mosquito control. Application was by hand gun power
spray equipment, back-pack hand pressure sprayer
and hand granular dispersal. Potential dermal expo-
sure was much greater than potential respiratory expo-
sure. Exposure was found to be greater during hand
dispersal of dry granular formulation. Highest total
dermal-respiratory exposure for any individual was cal-
culated to be only 0.03% of a toxic dose per hour of
work activity. Tests to determine hazard from smoking
during application operations indicated greater con-
tamination of cigarettes as a result of contact with un-
washed hands following hand granular application
than following spray application operations. There was
no important change in erythrocyte Cholinesterase ac-
tivity; however, there was some decrease in plasma
Cholinesterase activity in certain workers.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Insecticides, 'In-
dustrial medicine, 'Pesticides, Pest control, Exposure,
Smoking, Cholinesterase, Physiological effects, Respi-
ratory system, Skin(Anatomy), Toxicity, Toxicology,
Tests, Culicidae, Tables(Data), 'Occupational safety
and health, Reprints, 'Fenthion, Cigarette smoking,
'Toxic substances, Mosquitoes, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Environmental health.
PB-276 871/1
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Pesticide Exposure from Concentrate Spraying,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Homer R. Wolfe, John F. Armstrong, and William F.
Durham. 3 Jun 66,5p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, vl3 p340-
344, Sep 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
Exposure to parathion of orchard spraymen operating
concentrate (8X to 12X) air-blast spray machines has
been compared with that of spraymen using conven-
tional dilute (1X) air-blast spray machines. The calcu-
lated potential dermal exposure for operators of con-
centrate spray equipment was 27.9 mg/hr as com-
pared to 19.4 mg/hr with the high-volume equipment.
The greater dermal exposure with the concentrate ma-
chine is primarily due to greater contamination of the
hands. Potential respiratory exposure with the concen-
trate machine was 0.055 mg/hr of exposure, or about
2.7 times that determined for operators of convention-
al dilute machines (0.020 mg/hr). This greater respira-
tory exposure for operators of concentrate machines
may be due to the greater probability of inhaling the
smaller spray droplets produced by that type of ma-
chine. The results of the present study, as well as the
good safety record of concentrate sprays, indicate that
these techniques can be used safely provided that rec-
ommended precautions are followed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, Fruit
crops, Exposure, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Toxicology, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Reprints, 'Parathion, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Environmental health,
'Toxic substances.
PB-276 872/»
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Dlv.
of Pesticide Community Studies.
The Role of Social Class In Human Pesticide Pol-
lution,
Florida State Div. of Health, Jacksonville.
John E. Davies, Walter F. Edmundson, Americo
Raffonelli, Janet C. Cassady, and Carmen Morgade.
27 Jun 72,8p
Contract EPA-68-03-0088
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v96 n5 p334-
341 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
In previous pesticide residue surveys of the United
States population, residues of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE
have been shown to be higher in blacks than in whites.
The role of social class factors in this difference is ex-
plored in this paper. In a population survey of 800 resi-
dents of Dade County, Classified by the Hollingshead
Two Factor Index, serum levels of DDT and DDE were
significantly lower in the more affluent Social Classes I
and II than they were in the less affluent Social
Classes IV and V in both races. Within these social
classes, blacks still had higher residues. Residues
were greater in the less affluent whether classified by
the Hollingshead Two Factor Index, census tract popu-
lation density or median income of the census tract.
Significant correlations of DDT and DDE were also ob-
served in the first two decades of life-trie approximate
DDT age of society. The epidemiologic and public
health consequences of these findings, reflective of a
tropical clime, are discussed and the role of the do-
mestic environment and the Implication for global
monitoring studies reviewed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, *DDT, Socio-
economic factors, Humans, Negroes, Public health,
Epidemiology, Surveys, Tables(Data), Demography,
'Environmental health, Reprints, Dade
County(Florida), Pesticide residues, Metabolites,
Race, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Black Ameri-
cans.
PB-276 873/7
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Safety Problems Related to Exposure of Workers
In Pesticide Formulation Plants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1972, Sp
Pub. in Industrial Production and Formulation of Pesti-
cides in Developing Countries, v1 p137-1441972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1,1*6-276 868.
Workers in pesticide formulation plants are often ex-
posed to relatively high levels of pesticide compounds.
Since most chemical pesticides have at least some
degree of toxidity to man, It is important that all work-
ers, as well as management, be aware of any potential
hazard that may accompany exposure to such com-
pounds. Experience has shown that if proper precau-
tionary measures are observed, workers can safely
handle even the more toxic compounds. Although pes-
ticides cause illnesses and even deaths each year,
many of these cases are a result of carelessness or
accident. Proper education as well as close supervi-
sion of workers may prevent some accidents and
greatly reduce the number of illnesses resulting from
carelessness. The main purpose of this chapter is to
discuss some of the problems related to exposure of
workers in formulation plants, to indicate various ways
that unnecessary exposure to pesticides may occur
and to point out certain precautions to prevent such
exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Industrial hygiene, Accident prevention,
Exposure, Education, Industrial plants, Industrial at-
mospheres, Ventilation, Protective clothing, Hygiene,
Measurement, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Solid
waste disposal, 'Occupational safety and health, 'En-
vironmental health.
PB-276 874/5
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Health Hazards In the Agricultural Use of Econom-
ic Poisons,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1960,6p
Pub. In Washington State Weed Conference Proceed-
ings, p3-8, Nov 60.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
The U.S. Public Health Service has conducted studies
to evaluate the potential hazard of pesticides to three
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
segments of the population. The segment that in-
cludes the formulator, spray or dust machine operator,
or other workers having closest contact with pesticides
was found to have the greatest potential exposure. If
they do not follow the recommended safety precau-
tions when working with hazardous compounds, they
may risk illness or death. The exposure to persons
having only incidental environmental exposure as a
result of spray or dust applications appears generally
to be too small to constitute a significant health
hazard. There have been no cases of illness in this
country from insecticide residues on food when formu-
lations have been used according to directions, but
there have been when recommendations were ig-
nored. Each year tragic preventable poisonings occur
when children come in contact with so-callecT'empty'
pesticide containers or drink from beverage bottles or
other containers that have been carelessly used for
storage of small quantities of liquid pesticide.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Industrial medicine, "Hazard-
ous materials, Toxic diseases, Poisons, Exposure, In-
dustrial hygiene, Toxicity, Toxicology, Industrial atmos-
pheres, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Reprints, Agri-
cultural workers, "Toxic substances, "Occupational
safety and health, "Environmental health.
PB-276 875/2
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Significance of Pesticide Residues to Human
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
William F. Durham. 1971, 6p
Pub. in Jnl. of Dairy Science, v54 n5 p701 -7061971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
The widespread occurrence in the environment of any
foreign chemical is a matter of public health concern.
The pesticides are poisons, of course, or they would
not be useful in the control of insects, rodents, and
other undesirable animals and plants. The possible
harmful effect to the general population from intake of
small amounts of these pesticidal chemicals as resi-
dues in food, water, air, or from other sources must be
evaluated. In determining the overall effect on public
health directly through control of insect-vector-borne
diseases and indirectly through increased and im-
proved agricultural production of food and fiber.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Hazardous materials, DDT,
Carcinogens, Public health, Enzymes, Physiological ef-
fects, Experimental data, Toxicology, "Toxic sub-
stances, Reprints, "Pesticide residues, "Environmen-
tal health, Carcinogenesis.
PB-276 676/0
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Health Survey of Peat Control Operators,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William J. Stein, and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1964,7p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 33:8 p549-
555,Aug64.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
A survey of pest control operators was made in 1961
to determine any possible long-term toxic effects of
pesticides. The difficulties in surveying large numbers
were overcome through the cooperation ofthe Nation-
al Pest Control Association. Personnel of member
firms completed a questionnaire which included bio-
graphical, occupational, and medical data. The medi-
cal questions were designed to elicit a record of any
significant disease in both personnel and their rela-
tives. Each company submitted information on number
of personnel, rate of turnover, and use of sick leave.
Review of the safety practices revealed deficiencies
on the part of some personnel. Correction of these de-
ficiencies might lead to an even better safety record.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, "Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Pest control, Questionnaires, Toxicity,
Toxicology, Industrial hygiene, Allergic diseases,
Death, Contact dermatitis, Safety engineering, 'Health
surveys, Reprints, "Toxic substances, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Environmental health.
PB-276 877/8
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Assessment of Environmental Exposure to Pesti-
cides,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.1
William F. Durham. 1964,12p
Pub. In Occupational Health Aspects of Pesticides,
n16p163-1741964.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
The importance of insects as vectors of disease, as
pests, and as destroyers of crops has long been rec-
ognized, and the necessity for their control has led to
the development of increasing numbers of new pestici-
dal agents. There are some Inevitable hazards that ac-
company the use of these toxic materials. Each year a
number of deaths and many more illnesses of varying
degrees of severity are attributed to pesticides. Some
of the newer organic phosphorus compounds, particu-
larly parathlon, and a few of the chlorinated hydrocar-
bon materials, such as dieldrin, have caused occupa-
tional poisoning. This paper will review some of the
studies that have been done to evaluate the hazard
from both occupational and environmental exposure to
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, Absorption(Blology), Exposure, Industri-
al atmospheres, Toxicity, Toxicology, Protection,
Skin(Anatomy), 'Environmental health, Reprints, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Toxic substances.
PB-276 878/6
(Order as PB-276 868, MF A01)
Visual Effects Accompanying TEPP-lnduced
Miosis,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William M. Upholt, Griffith E. Quinby, Gordon S.
Batchelor, and James P. Thompson. 28 Mar 56,7p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Ophthalmology, v56 p128-
134,Jul56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 1, PB-276 868.
Pilots and others have long recognized the miosis
which is frequently a consequence of applying te-
traethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) dust by aircraft. Accom-
panying the miosis, operating pilots have regularly
noted a decrease in light perception and have more
rarely experienced an inability to judge distance. Two
drops of 0.05% TEPP instilled into each eye of volun-
teers produced slight miosis and a slight increase of
near accommodation. Two drops of 0.1% TEPP in-
stilled into each eye of volunteers produced maximal
miosis, an increase In near and far accommodation,
and a decrease in light perception but no inability to
judge distance. Two drops of 0.1% TEPP in only one
eye of each of seven volunteers produced unilateral
miosis and other expected changes in the treated eye
but also caused all the volunteers to complain of diffi-
culty in vision; four of the volunteers complained spe-
cifically of difficulty In judging distance, and six of them
made sensorimotor errors of fumbling, stumbling, or
other clumsiness.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Visual defects, Experimental data,
Physiological effects, Tables(Data), Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Dosage, Humans,
Pilots(Personnel), 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Re-
prints, 'Pyrophosphorlc acld/(tetraethyl-ester), 'Envi-
ronmental health, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational
safety and health.
PB-276 879/4 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Asaasamant of Solid Residues
from Fluldlzed-Bad Fual Processing. Initial rept.
Nov 75-Dec 76,
Stone (Ralph) and Co., Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Ralph Stone, and Richard Kahle. Dec 77,352p EPA/
600/7-77/139
Contract EPA-68-03-2347
The report gives results of the first 15 months of an en-
vironmental assessment of solid residues generated
by fluidlzed-bed combustion (FBC) of coal and gasifi-
cation of oil. Included are a literature search, chemical
and physical residue characterization, laboratory
leaching studies, and testing of residues in various ma-
terials and agricultural applications. The literature
search reviewed current FBC technology, Identified
products in which residues might be used, and gave
data on typical soil and geologic conditions at the eval-
uated disposal sites. Laboratory tests Included total
chemical characterization, composition of acid-, base-,
and water-soluble fractions, cation exchange capacity,
BOD, temperature change from water addition, particle
size distribution, dry density, specific gravity, perme-
ability, water-holding capacity, moisture content, and
small-scale column leaching studies. Pilot-scale col-
umns simulated abandoned coal mines, dolomite and
limestone quarries, sanitary landfills, soils, and the
ocean. Water was added to columns on a prescribed
schedule and the resulting leachate was collected and
analyzed for chemical constituents. The data were
used to assess the potential for impact on water qual-
ity, and the capacity of the disposal environment to at-
tenuate degradation. Residue use was considered for
concrete, asphalt, soil cement, and lime/flyash aggre-
gate.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processing, "Coal gasifica-
tion, "Environmental surveys, Solids, Residues, Water
pollution, Soil analysis, Leaching, Chemical analysis,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Experiments,
Mines, Marketing, Air pollution control, Chemical com-
position, Process charting, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Temperature, Particle size distribution, Ca-
tions, Specific gravity, 'Oil gasification, Water quality,
Waste recycling.
PB-276 880/2 MF A01
Journal Articles on Worker Exposure. Group 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1972,81 p-in 13 articles
Consists of PB-276 881 thru PB-276 893.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Pesticides, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Toxic substances, Occupational safety
and health.
PB-276 881/0
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Pesticide Effects on Occupatlonally Expoaad
Workers: A Summary of Four Years Observation
of Industry and Farm Volunteers In South Caroli-
na,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
S. H. Sandifer, Julian E. Keil, John F. Finklea, and
Richard H. Gadsden. 1972,4p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine, v41 n5 p9-12, May 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
Pesticides are necessary and of unquestioned eco-
nomic value in agriculture, industry, and disease pre-
vention. Their usage has increased astronomically in
the last decade and will likely Increase further in the
future. Thus, the safe use of pestlcudes has become
an Increasingly important area for public concern. In
response to this concern, the Preventive Medicine
Section of The Medical University of South Carolina
and The State Board of Health organized, in 1967, the
South Carolina Community Pesticide Program to study
the health effects, if any, of long-term pesticide expo-
sure. The study team, composed of physician, bio-
chemist, and entomologist, shaped In principle a part-
nership of Industry and health professionals.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Hazardous materials,
'Pesticides, Morbidity, Exposure, Mortality, Physiologi-
cal effects, Biochemistry, Industrial atmospheres,
Medical examination, Toxicology, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Reprints, Agricultural workers, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Environmental health,
'Toxic substances, Pesticide residues.
PB-276 682/8
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Living Labs that Study How Pesticides Affect
Man,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons. 1969,4p
Pub. in FDA Papers, May 69.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
The Community Studies Pesticides Projects, collec-
tively one of the most ambitious health observation
programs ever undertaken on a countrywide scale, has
December 1983 319
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
been In operation since 1965. Their objective Is to col-
lect and evaluate Information aimed at finding whether
and how exposure to pesticides, as experienced In an
occupation or In the environment, Is affecting the
health of Americans.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Hazardous materials,
•Pesticides, Toxicology, Exposure, Humans, Medical
examination, Public health, Industrial hygiene, Environ-
mental health, Reprints, Agricultural workers, "Toxic
substances, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB-276 883/6
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
New Lead* In Pesticide Health Research,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert W.Weiger. 1966,1p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery 35(1), p595,
Jul 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
The brief article presents important areas for future re-
search on long-term human health effects from expo-
sure to pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Toxicol-
ogy, Public health, Research, Exposure, Physiological
effects, Psychological effects, Detection, Reprints,
'Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-276 884/4
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Health Hazards In the Use of Pesticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham. 1958, 6p
Pub. of unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
In studying the potential health hazards associated
with the use of pesticides, three segments of the popu-
lation should be considered. These segments include:
(1) The formulator or sprayman who mixes and/or
sprays the chemicals and has a relatively high degree
of exposure. (2) The so-called 'innocent by-stander'
who has no Intentional exposure but who may be inad-
vertently exposed when dust or spray drifts onto his
home during application to adjacent fields or orchards.
The child who innocently plays with a supposedly
empty insecticide container, or who eats or drinks a
pesticide from an unlabelled bottle, also may be con-
sidered In this category. (3) The general population, all
of whom have some degree of exposure to pesticides
residue in their dally diet. Studies carried out at our lab-
oratories have attempted to evaluate the hazard to
each of these population groups from pesticide usage.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, Exposure, Food, DDT, Safety, Physio-
logical effects, Containers, Disposal, 'Toxic hazards,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Pesticide residues, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Environmental health,
Solid waste disposal.
PB-276 885/1
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Exposure of Formulating Plant Workers to DDT,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
Homer R. Wolfe, and John Armstrong. 1 2 Apr 71 , 8p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, v23 p171-
176,Sep71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
Potential dermal and respiratory exposure of workers
cated that if workers did not wear recommended pro-
tective gear the potential exposure would be 2 1/2 to
10 tjrpes greater than when wearing recommended
gear: Highest estimated potential exposure was at a
bagging station where the mean dermal value was cal-
culaiedto be 524.5 mg/hr and the mean respiratory
exposure, 14.1 mg/hr. Relatively low levels of DDA in
urine of men in work situations of higher potential ex-
posure indicted that the protective gear worn by work-
ers was effective and probably reflects inefficient
dermal absorption of DDT. Urinary excretion of DC/A
over a five-day period indicated that excretory levels of
the metabolite correlated well with exposure periods.
320 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, *DDT, 'Pesticides,
•Hazardous materials, Insecticides, Industrial plants,
Industrial atmospheres, Exposure, Skin(Anatomy),
Respiratory system, Industrial hygiene, Protective
clothing, Recommendations, Humans, Urine,
Tablesjpata), Physiological effects, Reprints, Metabo-
lites, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental health.
PB-276 886/9
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
An Additional Note Regarding Measurement of
the Exposure of Workers to Pesticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham, and Homer R. Wolfe. 1963,3p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Ora, 29 p279-281 1963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
The article discusses a technique that appears to be
useful for determining the dermal absorption of pesti-
cides by exposed individuals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial medicine,
'Pesticides, Toxicology, Absorption(Biology),
Tables(Data), Exposure, Measurement,
Skln(Anatomy), Urine, Respiratory system, Insecti-
cides, Concentration(Composition), Fruit crops, Re-
prints, Agricultural workers, 'Toxic substances, Meta-
bolites, "Occupational safety and health, Parathion,
Environmental health.
PB-276 887/7
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Survey of Insecticide Spray Practices Used In the
Fruit Orchards of North Central Washington,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gordon S. Batchelor. 1953,3p
Pub. In A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Oc-
cupational Medicine, v7 p399-401, May 53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
A survey was made of the spray practices used to
apply DDT and parathion in the orchards of north cen-
tral Washington. These data were needed as back-
ground material concerning the exposure of workers
and concerning the amount of residue on fruits grown
in orchards in which spray practices are carried out.
The data have been tabulated with respect to the type
and concentration of the formulation and the rate and
method of application for the two major insecticides
DDT and parathion.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Insecticides, 'Pes-
ticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Surveys, Fruit crops, DDT,
Exposure, Toxicology, Washington(State), Distribution,
Concentration(Composition), Formulations, Reprints,
Parathion, Pesticide residues, 'Toxic substances,
'Occupational safety and health, Agricultural workers,
Environmental health.
PB-276 888/5
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Pesticides In People: Criteria for Monitoring Pesti-
cides In People Include High- and Low-Exposure
Conditions, Age, Sex Differences,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
AnneR. Yobs. 1967,2p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v1 n1 p6-7, Jun 67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
Th purpose of the human monitoring program is to de-
termine on a national scale the levels and trends of
certain more commonly used pesticide chemicals,
both in the general population and In population seg-
ments where the occurrence of more extensive expo-
sure to pesticides is known or suspected.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial hygiene, Monitors, Objectives, Exposure, Age,
Sex, Criteria, Programs, Design, Samples, Sampling,
Populations, Analyzing, Methodology, Standardization,
Procedures, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Pesticide
residues, Environmental health, Analytical methods,
'Occupational safety and health.
PB-276 889/3
(Order as PB-276 660, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Pesticides In People: Total Mercury Levels In Se-
lected Human Tissues, ldaho-1973-74,
Idaho State Dept. of Health and Welfare, Boise.
J. Gabica, W. Benson, and M. Loomis. 1975,5p
Contract EPA-68-02-0552
Pub. In Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n2 p59-63, Sep
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
Total mercury levels were determined in human tis-
sues taken at autopsy from six hospitals in the three
basic geographical areas of Idaho. Of the 242 speci-
mens analyzed, 76 percent contained detectable mer-
cury. Levels were compared with respect to the age,
sex, and geographic residence of autopsied individ-
uals. Mean levels detected were 1.04 ppm in kidney
tissue, 0.34 ppm in liver, and 0.08 ppm in brain. Mean
mercury levels for the three geographical areas were:
southeastern Idaho, 0.22 ppm; southwestern Idaho,
0.80 ppm; and northern Idaho, 0.43 ppm. The relatively
high means in southwestern Idaho specimens may be
related to the preponderance of natural cinnabar de-
posits in that portion of the state.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Hazardous materials,
Humans, Toxicology, Tables(Data), Tissues(Biology),
Histology, Idaho, Concentration(Composition), Age,
Sex, Geography, Kidney, Liver, Brain, Residues, Sam-
pling, Procedures, Autopsy, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Organs(Anatomy).
PB-276 890/1
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Protection of Shade Trees with DDT and Its Rela-
tion to Human Health,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert F. Witter. 1959,4p
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the New
Jersey Federation of Shade Tree Commissions (34th),
November 15-17,1958, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
Th toxicological properties of DDT have been studied
thoroughly. Volunteers have ingested 35 mg. of DDT
per day for 18 months, and occupational exposure of
this magnitude can occur for as long as six and one
half years with no apparent ill effects. Since the expo-
sure of the spray operators and particularly the general
public to this insecticide will be much less than the
above amounts, it is anticipated that there will be no
difficulties due to exposure to DDT during the program
to control Dutch elm disease.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, *DDT, 'Insecticides,
'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, Toxicology,
Humans, Exposure, Toxicity, Experimental data, Public
health, Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Agricultural
workers.
PB-276 891/9
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
A Health Survey of Workers In a 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Plant: With Special Attention to Chloracne, Por-
phyrla Cutanea Tarda, and Psychologic Param-
eters,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Alan P. Poland, and Donald Smith. 27 May 70,12p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v22 p316-
327, Mar 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
A study of 73 male employees in a 2,4,5-T factory was
made. Chloracne was found in 13 (18%) workers. Se-
verity of Chloracne correlated significantly with the
presence of hyperpigmentation, hirsutism, eye irrita-
tion, and a high score on the manic scale of the Minne-
sota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Chloracne was
not, however, correlated significantly with job location
within the plant, duration of employment, or copropor-
phyrin excretion. Although 11 subjects with uropor-
phyrlnurla and at least three with overt porphyria cu-
tanea tarda had been found in a study of the same
plant six years ago, no clinical porphyria could be cur-
rently documented and only one worker had persistent
uroporphyrinurla. Evidence of toxlclty in other organ
systems was markedly less than that reported In previ-
ous studies and could not be shown to differ from
normal populations In most instances.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Herbicides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Gastrointestinal system, Cardiovascular system,
Respiratory systems, Males, Toxlcity, Neurology, Ex-
cretion, Acetic acid, Chlorine organic compounds, Psy-
chological tests, Blood chemical analysis,
Tables(Data), Signs and symptoms, Physiological ef-
fects, Urine, Porphyrins, Pigments, *D 2-4 herbicide,
Reprints, Health surveys, Occupational safety and
health, Acne, *T 2-4-5 herbicide, Coproporphyrins, Hir-
sutism.
PB-276 892/7
(Order as PB-276 680, MF A01)
Measurement of the Exposure of Workers to Pes-
ticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham, and Homer R. Wolfe. 1962,17p
Pub. in Bull. Wld. Hlth Org., 26 p75-91 1962. Summary
in French.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
There is not a single pesticide for which the interrela-
tionships between occupational exposure by different
routes, the fate of the compound in the human body,
and its clinical effects are all adequately known. Re-
sults of the direct measurement of exposure to pesti-
cides may be used in evaluating the relative hazard of
different routes of exposure, different operational pro-
cedures, and different protective devices. Results of
the indirect measurement of exposure may be of use
for the same purpose; in addition, these indirect meas-
ures may be used in relating exposures under ob-
served conditions to clinical effects. This paper de-
scribes and evaluates detailed procedures for the use
of air samples, pads, and washes in the direct meas-
urement of the dermal and respiratory exposure of
workers to pesticides. Good methods are not available
for measunng oral exposure. Any measure of the ab-
sorption, storage, physiological effect, or excretion of a
compound constitutes an indirect indication of expo-
sure to it.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial hygiene, Measurement, Exposure, Tables(Data),
Respiratory system, Skin(Anatomy), Industrial atmos-
pheres, Sampling, Methodology, Toxlcity, Monitors,
Toxic hazards, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, Environmental health, Air
sampling.
PB-276 893/5
(Order as PB-276 880, MF A01)
Chronicle of a Cropduster Crash: A Devastating
and Avoidable Tragedy,
Idaho State Dept. of Environmental Protection and
Health, Boise.
Michael Watson, end W. W. Benson. 1973,3p
Contract EPA-68-02-0552
Pub. in Aerospace Medicine, 44(5) p549-551 1973.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 2, PB-276 880.
A detailed case history of the events surrounding an
exceptionally catastrophic midair collision of two crop-
duster planes involved In the nighttime spraying of
pesticides is reported. Killed in the accident were both
pilots, as well as a woman occupying a farm home
which was struck by one of the planes and subse-
quently destroyed by fire. The accident also precipitat-
ed two heart attacks, one of them fatal, among those
witnessing the accident. A herd of dairy cattle was also
contaminated by cargo spillage and debris from the
crash, resulting in the death of two cows and necessi-
tating that milk from the herd be quarantined. Some of
the various problems confronting aerial applicators are
also presented and discussed, as is the need for great-
er medical supervision of agricultural pesticide disper-
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Aircraft collisions,
Utility aircraft, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, Avi-
ation accidents, Collision research, Cattle, Idaho,
Pilots(Personnel), Contaminants, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Crop
spraying.
PB-276 894/3 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis.
Group 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976,6p-in 2 articles
Consists of PB-276 895 thru PB-276 896.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB-276 895/0
(Order as PB-276 894, MF A01)
Trans-Nonachlor Residues In Human Adipose
Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frederick W. Kutz, G. Wayne Sovocool, Sandra
Strassman, and Robert G. Lewis. 1976,6p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v16 n1 p6-141976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 6, PB-276 894.
Trans-Nonachlor, chemically known as
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-nonachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-
methanolndane, is a component of technical chlor-
dane and technical heptachlor. According to Interpre-
tation No. 23 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, as amended, technical chfordane is
defined as containing 60% octachloro-4,7-methanote-
trahydroindane and 40% related compounds. Trans-
Nonachlor is one of several chemicals found as a part
of these related compounds and has been detected in
technical heptachlor (Cochrane et al. 1970). Chlor-
dane has been registered with the federal government
since 1948 as an economic poison. It has been widely
used as an insecticide and to a lesser extent, as a her-
bicide. Since its insecticidal efficacy includes pests of
turf and lawns as well as household pests, Its usage
tends to bring this chemical in close proximity to
humans. The objective of this article is to report the
discovery of trans-nonachlor in human adipose tissue
and to provide a preliminary assessment of its geo-
graphic distribution in the United States.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Tissues(Biology), 'Chemical
analysis, Chlordan, Heptachlor, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Insecticides, Connective tissues,
Reprints, 'Nonachlor, Methanoindane/nonachloro-te-
trahydro, Methanoindane/heptachloro-tetrahydro,
Methanoindane/octachloro-tetrahydro.
PB-276 896/8
(Order as PB-276 894, MF A01)
Revised Chemicals Monitoring Guide for the Na-
tional Pesticide Monitoring Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Milton S. Schechter. 1971,4p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., vS n1 p68-71, Jun
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 6, PB-276 894.
A list of pesticides was promulgated several years ago
in this Journal (Pesticides Monitoring Jnl. l(1).20-21
(1967)) as a guide to Federal agencies participating In
the National Pesticide Monitoring Program. The list
contained chemicals believed to be of most interest
because of thair (1) extent and/or volume of usage
and/or (2) degree of hazard to man, fish, and wildlife
and/or (3) degree of persistence. The Monitoring
Panel of the Working Group on Pesticides responsible
to the Council on Environmental Quality has suggested
that the list be revised to take into account new pesti-
cides which have been developed and changes In the
use patterns of older pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Monitoring, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB-276 897/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis.
Group 5.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1966,89p-in 7 articles
Consists of PB-276 898 thru PB-276 904.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB-276 898/4
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Use of Paired Columns In Conjunction with a Qua-
druple Inlet System In Gas Chromatography,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale. 1966,1p
Pub. in Laboratory Practice, v15 n9 p9971966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
The paper discusses a method by which it is possible
to inject a sample, first through a polar and then
through a non-polar column under Identical conditions
and thus to obtain more reliable results in less time be-
cause the instrument does not have to be shut down
for column changes. The other two inlets with a similar
column arrangement operated at the same time using
another type of detector. Thus two pairs of columns
and two detectors operated independently of each
other, and this increases the versatility of the instru-
ment and doubles its output.
Keywords: 'Gas Chromatography, 'Chemical analysis,
Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Reprints.
PB-276 899/2
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Determination of Pentachlorophenol In Blood,
Urine, Tissue, and Clothing,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
W. F. Barthel, August Curley, C. L. Thrasher, V. A.
Sedlak, and Robert Armstrong. 4 Sep 68,6p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v52 n2 p294-298, Mar 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
An epidemic with two deaths occurred in a nursery in
St. Louis after the use of pentachlorophenol as a
mildew preventive with the laundry detergent. Samples
of blood, urine, tissue, and clothing from the nursery
were extracted with ethyl ether. The ether solution was
extracted with 5% sodium hydroxide; the basic solu-
tion was acidified and then extracted with benzene.
The benzene solution was analyzed by electron cap-
ture gas Chromatography, using a 3% diethylene
glycol succinate column with 2% sirupy phosphoric
acid on 60-80 mesh Chrome-sorb G. Pentachloro-
phenol was found in the samples In sufficient quantity
to account for the epidemic. The presence of pentach-
lorophenol was confirmed by gas Chromatography-
mass spectroscopy and by thin layer analysis.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Blood analysis, Urine, Tlssues(Biology), Cloth-
Ing, Electron capture, Gas Chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Thin layer Chromatography, Fungus re-
sistant coatings, Reprints, 'Phenol/pentachloro, Elec-
tron capture gas Chromatography
PB-276 900/8
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Automation of Pesticide Residue Analysis,
Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta
Toxicology Branch.
R. W. Jennings, D. L. Jue, and J. E. Suggs. 28 Apr 70,
4p
Summary In French and German. Pub. in Chromato-
graphiaS, p353-356 1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
The routine analysis of pesticide residue levels in bio-
logical tissue by gas-liquid chromatograhy is greatly fa-
cilitated by use of computers to reduce computation
time. Modern systems can be readily adaped to small
computers. The nature of gas chromatographlc signals
permits the insertion of digitizers between the gas
chromatograph and the computer. The resulting
system permits completely automatic retrieval of data;
thus time is saved and operating efficiency of the ana-
lytical laboratory is increased.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Tissue
extracts, Gas Chromatography, Experiments, Automa-
tion, Reprints, Computer applications.
PB-276 901/6
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Multlresldue Procedure for Halo- and .Nitrophen-
ols. Measurement of Exposure to Biodegradable
Pesticides Yielding these Compounds as Metabo-
lites,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
Talaat M. Shaflk, Hazel C. Sullivan, and Henry R. Enos.
1973,4p
December 1983 321
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v21 n2 p295-
298, Mar/Apr 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
The urinary level of phenolic compounds may be the
key for establishing an index of exposure to pesticides
containing this moiety as an easily hyrolyzed or metab-
olized portion of the molecule. A method has been de-
veloped for quantitating ten halo- and nitrophenols in
rat urine which could result from exposure to and sub-
sequent metabolism and excretion of a broad spec-
trum of pesticides. The procedure involves acid hy-
drolysis, extraction, derivatization, silica gel chroma-
tography, and electron-capture gas chromatography.
Male rats fed pesticidal compounds containing halo-
and nitrophenol moieties at levels varying from factors
of 0.00001 to 0.01 of the LD50 were used to establish
the usefulness of this procedure for determining the
extent of exposure to the biodegradable pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Nitro-
phenols, 'Phenols, 'Halogen organic compounds, Me-
tabolism, Laboratory animals, Urine, Hydrolysis, Ex-
traction, Gas chromatography, Electron capture,
Concentration(Composition), Biodeterioration, Re-
prints, Electron capture gas chromatography.
PB-276 902/4
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Determination of DDT and Related Substances In
Human Fat,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Arnold M. Mattson, Janet T. Spillane, Curtis Baker, and
George W. Pearce. 1953,6p
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v25 n7 p1065-1070. Jul
53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
Preliminary evidence of the occurrence of DDE as well
as DDT in human fat made it necessary to study the
Schechter-Haller method critically as applied to fat
containing DDT and the degradation product, DDE.
Through empirical standardization it was possible to
make differential determinations of DDT and DDE to-
taling 5 micrograms in unknown fat samples, with
rough estimations down to 2 micrograms. A modified
Davidow column was used in a rapid method for isolat-
ing DDT and DDE. Among 50 samples all but 2 con-
tained substantial quantities of DDE. The total DDT
plus DDE ranged from 0 to 80 p.p.nr, with DDE repre-
senting from 39 to 86% of the total. Chromatographic
and spectrophotometric data provided evidence that
the degradation product is DDE.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'DDT,
'Humans, 'Fats, Degradation, Samples, Chromatog-
raphy, Spectrochemical analysis, Reprints, Dichlorodi-
phenyltrichloroethane, DDE insecticide, Schechter-
Haller method, Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro.
PB-276 903/2
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Recent Applications of Mas* Spectrometry and
Combined Gas Chromatography-Mau Spectrom-
etry to Pesticide Residue Analysis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Francis J. Biros. 5 Nov 70,64p
Pub. in Residue Reviews, v40 p1 -63 1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
Contents:
The mass spectral fragmentation behavior of
pesticides;
Mass spectrometric technique:
Isolation of individual residues;
Applications of mass Spectrometry to pesticide
residue analysis;
Combined gas chromatography-mass
Spectrometry;
Applications of combined gas chromatography-
mass Spectrometry to pesticide residue
analysis.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Mass
spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Residues, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Carbamates, Separation, Metabolism, De-
composition, Laboratory equipment, Reprints.
PB-276 904/0
(Order as PB-276 897, MF A01)
Determination of Metabolic and Hydrolytlc Prod-
ucts of Organophosphorus Pesticide Chemicals In
Human Blood and Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. T. Shafik, and H. F. Enos. 22 Jul 69, 4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v17 n6
p1186-1189, Nov/Dec 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Chemical Analysis. Group 5, PB-276 897.
The procedure of St. John and Lisk for the determina-
tion of the hydrolytic metabolites of Organophosphorus
insecticides in cow urine has been modified for appli-
cation to human blood and urine. The interference
from inorganic phosphates was elimir ated by making
the methyl and ethyl derivatives of 'ne dialkyl phos-
phates. The use of a column packed with 20% Versa-
mid on Gas Chrom Q allowed for the simultaneous de-
termination of the six major metabolites of Organo-
phosphorus and thiophosphorus insecticides. The
level of alkyl phosphates excreted in the urine of ex-
posed individuals was considerably higher than in the
nonexposed group.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, 'Blood analysis, 'Urine, Chemical analysis,
Hydrolysis, Metabolism, Insecticides, Humans, Extrac-
tion, Gas chromatography, Reprints.
PB-276 910/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Boysen Reservoir, Fremont County, Wyoming.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77, 53p WORKING PAPER-883
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Boysen Reservoir, Sur-
veys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Wyo-
ming, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loading, Fremont County(Wyoming).
PB-276 911/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Ocean Lake, Fremont County, Wyoming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,43p WORKING PAPER-889
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Moniter-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Ocean Lake, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, tables(Data), Assessments, Wyoming, 'Water
quality data, * Eutrophication, Trophic level. Organic
loading, Fremont County(Wyoming).
PB-276 919/6 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Multimedia Environmental Goals for Environmen-
tal Assessment. Volume I. Final task rept. Mar-Oct
77,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. G. Cleland, and G. L. Kingsbury. Nov 77,353p'
EPA/600/7-77/136a
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also Volume 2, PB-276 920.
The report gives results of a study of the derivation of
Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEG's). MEG's are
levels of significant contaminants or degradents (in
ambient air, water, or land, or in emissions or effluents
conveyed to the ambient media) that are judged to be:
appropriate for preventing certain negative effects in
the surrounding populations or ecosystems; or repre-
sentative of the control limits achievable through tech-
nology. In the context of deriving MEG's, Volume I:
offers perspective on the broad range of contaminants
whose control is vital to both industry and the public;
further develops and defines indicators designating
contaminants which must be given priority considera-
tion for immediate control and for subsequent re-
search; brings existing and emerging data together for
use in environmental assessment; and explores some
basic methodologies which provide the present
MEG's, and which also suggest directions for refined
methodologies. MEG's are projected for more than
650 pollutants: of thqse, 216 receive full attention In
Volume II.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution control,
'Chemical compounds, 'Assessments, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Standards, Regula-
tions, Toxicity, Public health, Ecosystems, Industrial
wastes, Ranking, Industrial hygiene,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Multime-
dia Environmental Goals, Threshold limit values, Oc-
cupational safety and health.
PB-276 920/6 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Multimedia Environmental Goals for Environmen-
tal Aeaessment. Volume II. MEG Charts and Back-
ground Information. Final task rept. Mar-Oct 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. G. Cleland, and G. L. Kingsbury. Nov 77,454p*
EPA/600/7-77/136b
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also Volume 1, PB-276 919.
The report gives results of a study of the derivation of
Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEG's). MEG's are
levels of significant contaminants or degradents (in
ambient air, water, or land, or in emissions or effluents
conveyed to the ambient media) that are judged to be:
appropriate for preventing certain negative effects in
the surrounding populations or ecosystems; or repre-
sentative of the control limits achievable through tech-
nology. In the context of deriving MEG's, Volume I:
offers perspective on the broad range of contaminants
whose control is vital to both industry and the public;
further develops and defines indicators designating
contaminants which must be given priority considera-
tion for immediate control and for subsequent re-
search; brings existing and emerging data together for
use in environmental assessment; and explores some
basic methodologies which provide the present
MEG's, and which also suggest directions for refined
methodologies. MEG's are projected for more than
650 pollutants: of these, 216 receive full attention in
Volume II. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution control,
'Chemical compounds, 'Assessments, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Standards, Regula-
tions, Toxicity, Public health, Ecosystems, Industrial
wastes, Ranking, Industrial hygiene,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Multime-
dia Environmental Goals, Threshold limit values, Oc-
cupational health and safety.
PB-276 922/2 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Motorcycle Emission Control Demonstration. Final
rept. Apr-Nov 77,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Terry L. Ullman, and Charles T. Hare. Dec 77,443p
SwRI-AR-1230, EPA/460/3-77/020
Contract EPA-68-03-2391
322 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report describes the testing of ten motorcycles for
exhaust emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mon-
oxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Emission
rates in grams per kilometer are presented for the
1975 Federal Test Procedure and the Highway Fuel
Economy Test, as well as in percent or parts per mil-
lion for several steady-state conditions. The test mo-
torcycles were equipped with 2-stroke, 4-stroke, and
rotary engines ranging from about 100 to 1000 cc dis-
placement. Several exhaust emission control tech-
niques were applied, including minor and major carbu-
retor enleanment with and without capacltive dis-
charge ignition, secondary air injection with both
pumps and reed valves, port liners, thermal reactors,
oxidation catalysts, rotary valve modification, a spark
ignited afterburner, and a short-circuited air-fuel mix-
ture extraction system. Driveablllty, performance, and
maladjustment (stock only) testing were also per-
formed. All testing was performed with low accumulat-
ed distance on the motorcycles. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Air pollution control, *Exhaust emissions,
•Motorcycles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Rotary combustion engines, Thermal reac-
tors, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), After-
burners, Oxidation, Tests, Performance evaluation, In-
jection, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Air fuel
ratio, Light duty vehicles, Air pollution sampling.
PB-276 948/7 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
NOx Abatement for Stationary Sources In Japan.
Final rept. Mar 76-Aug 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Jumpei Ando, Heiichiro Tohata, Katsuya Nagata, and
B. A. Laseke. Sep 77,168pEPA/600/7-77/103b
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also PB-272 986.
The report describes the status of NOx abatement
technology for stationary sources in Japan as of
August 1976. The report emphasizes flue gas treat-
ment processes for control of NOx. It also features
processes for the simultaneous removal of NOx and
SOx from flue gases. It examines the major Japanese
dry and wet processes, with respect to their applica-
tions, performance, economics, major technical prob-
lems, developmental status, byproducts, and raw ma-
terials. It discusses the application of dry processes,
primarily selective catalytic reduction of NOx with am-
monia, to commercial scale gas- and oil-fired sources.
It presents a review of NOx combustion modification
technology in Japan, along with background informa-
tion on NO2 ambient concentrations, N02 ambient
standards, and NOx emissions standards in Japan.
The fact that NOx abatement technology in Japan is
the most advanced in the world is probably the result
of the N02 ambient standard in Japan's being the
most stringent in the world.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Japan, 'Air pollution
control, Sulfur oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Flue gases, Fuel oil, Natural gas. Catalysis,
Performance evaluation, Economics, By products, Re-
visions, Technology, Regulations, Standards, Design
criteria, Process charting, 'Stationary sources, Dry
methods, Wet methods.
PB-276 967/7 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1972 through
1975 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles In Denver.
Final rept.,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, Colo.
Douglas L. LlJIedah", and Jerry L. Terry. Oct 76,1028p
EPA/460/3-76/013
Contract EPA-68-03-2183
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-274 560.
The objective of the overall program was to provide
ttght-duty vehicle emission data. These data are used
by the EPA to calculate average emission factors from
which emission source inventories and emergency epi-
sode pollution abatement procedures are developed.
Other objectives Included the development of short
cycle emission test data and on the costs and effec-
tiveness of high altitude vehicle maintenance specific
to the Denver site. The short cycle evaluation task
|wa are used by the EPA to establish correlations be-
™een selected short cycle emission tests and the
more sophisticated emission testing procedures. Tests
were performed on a sample of six-hundred and sev-
enty-nine (679) 1972 through 1976 model-year vehi-
cles operating in the Denver metropolitan area. Ten
1975 model light-duty trucks were used in connection
with emission factors development, short cycle evalua-
tion and a task designed to develop data on emission
related costs and effectiveness of high altitude vehicle
maintenance specific to the Denver area.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution,
Sources, Sampling, Tables(Data),
ConcentrationjComposition), Maintenance, Inspec-
tion, Tests, Data analysis, National government,
Standards, 'Light duty vehicles, Denver(Colorado),
Emission factors, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-276 973/5 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions: Measurement
and Control (2nd) Held In Houston, Texas on May
23-25,1977,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
J. King. Dec 77, 544p' EPA/600/7-77/148
Contract EPA-68-02-2133
The proceedings are a compilation of technical papers
prepared for presentation at the Second Symposium
on Fugitive Emissions, May 23-25, 1977, Houston,
Texas. The papers discuss the scope and impact of fu-
gitive emissions (non-point sources) and present tech-
niques which have been used to measure these emis-
sions. Fugitive emissions control technologies are also
discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Air pollution,
'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Particles, Standards,
Coal, Monitoring, Industrial hygiene, Sampling, Math-
ematical models, Air pollution control, Asbestos, Fertil-
izers, Iron and steel industry, Sources, Iron ore, Mining,
Refineries, Asphalt, 'Fugitive emissions, Nonpoint
sources, Air quality, Indoor air pollution.
PB-276 974/3 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Supportive Studies In Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion.
Annual rept. Jul 76-Jun 77,
Argonne National Lab., III.
A. Jonke, G. Vogel, I. Johnson, S. Lee, and J. Lenc.
Dec 77,212p' ANL/CEN/FE-77-3, EPA/600/7-77/
138
The report gives results 9! studies supporting the de-
velopment of atmospheric and pressurized Tluidized-
bed combustion (FBC) of coal. It includes laboratory
and bench-scale studies to provide noeded informa-
tion on combustion optimization, regeneration process
development, solid waste disposal, synthetic SO2-sor-
bent studies, emission control and other tasks. It in-
cludes characterization of a variety of limestone and
dolomites from various parts of the U.S. for suitability
in FB combustors. Reduction in solid waste volumes to
reduce the environmental impact of the waste sulfated
limestone is a major goal of this program. These stud-
ies are to supply data essential for the application of
FBC units to public utility and industrial systems. The
report gives information on: 10-cycle combustion-re-
generation PDU experiments using Greer limestone
and Tymochtee dolomite, bed defluidizatlon, flowsheet
development, preparation of synthetic S02-sorbents
containing metal oxides, limestone characterization,
coal combustion reactions, the enhancement of lime-
stone sulfation by NaCI, evaluation of on-line particle
size analyzers, and status of flue gas cleaning studies.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Coal, 'Air pol-
lution control. Combustion products. Industrial wastes,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Sulfur,
Dolomite(Rock), Calcium oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Trace
elements, Additives, Flue gases, Gas detectors, Parti-
cles, Sorbents, Sampling, Limestone, Air pollution
sampling.
PB-276 975/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Controlling Pollution through Combustion Re-
March. Final task rept. Jun-Aug 77.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
Dec 77,15p EPA/600/8-77/019
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The document provides background information about
the Combustion Research Branch (CRB) of EPA's In-
dustrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina. The focus of
CRB's programs is on reducing emissions of oxides of
nitrogen, and simultaneously determining the effect on
other emissions and on equipment performance. A
program overview is provided with a brief description
of each major program area. A description of technol-
ogy transfer methods is given and future goals are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Technology, Forecasting, Industrial wastes, Boilers,
Combustion products, Furnaces, Reciprocating en-
gines, Gas turbine engines, Stationary sources.
PB-276 978/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Control with Cleanable Cartridge Fil-
ters Using Double-Layer Media. Final rept. Jun 75-
Oct 77,
Donaldson Co., Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.
William J. Krisko, and Michael A. Shackleton. Dec 77,
196p EPA/600/7-77/140
Contract EPA-68-02-1878
The report gives results of a detailed assessment of
the feasibility of a new concept in fine particle filtration,
nonwoven, double-mat, cartridge filters. The filter con-
sists of a fine fiber filtration layer supported by a
porous substrate providing physical strength to the re-
sulting filtration media. A theoretical basis for fine parti-
cle control with this media is presented. Test results
with 0.3 micrometer OOP smoke confirmed that the
design objective of 90% collection efficiency was ob-
tainable. Preliminary economic analysis indicates that
the cartridge filter will be less costly than the standard
baghouse. The saving is a result of the smaller system
possible with the pleated cartridge and the potentially
higher air-to-cloth ratios with the fine fiber media. The
analyses comprised Phase I of the contract. Phase II
evaluated the fine particle control characteristics of
the media In a pulse-jet cleaning cartridge configura-
tion. Both laboratory and field tests proved the media
capable of high dust removal efficiency of fine particles
(<3 micrometers) while achieving good pulse-jet
cleaning characteristics.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Fines, 'Air pollution control,
Particles, Assessments, Feasibility, Substrates, Per-
formance evaluation, Efficiency, Field tests, Economic
analysis, Dust control, Fabric filters.
PB-276 977/6 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Workshop on Health Effect* of Transportation-
Related Pollutants, Held at Raleigh, North Caroli-
na, on June 15-16, 1977,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Frances P. Duffield, and Robert E. Lee, Jr. Jan 78,38p
EPA/600/1-78/011
Sponsored In part by Department of Transportation,
Washington, D.C.
The Department of Transportation, recognizing the
need for further health effects research data in assess-
ing the environmental implication of its policies over
the next several years, called upon the Environmental
Protection Agency's health effects group to bring to-
gether key experts in the field to address both DOT's
and EPA's research needs and to evaluate resources
available. This report Is a brief summary of the presen-
tations and conclusions of the DOT-EPA sponsored
Workshop on Health Effects of Transportation-Related
Pollutants held at the Sheraton-Crabtree Motor Inn,
Raleigh, North Carolina, on June 15-16, 1977. This
report is, in part, interpretive and intended to supply a
synopsis and not a verbatum transcript of the proceed-
ings.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Meetings, Transpor-
tation, Public health, Automotive industry. Require-
ments, Objectives, Recommendations, Toxicology,
Epidemiology, Tables(Data), Trends, Development,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Priorities, Exhaust
systems, 'Automobile exhaust, 'Toxic substances,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), Department of Trans-
portation, 'Environmental health, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Air pollution control equipment, Partlc-
ulates.
December 1983 323
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-276 978/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Biological Effects of Pesticides on the Dungeness
Crab.Tinal rept. 28 Apr 72-28 Apr 74,
Oregon State Univ., Newport. Marine Science Center.
Richard S. Caldwell. 1 Sep77,143p EPA/600/3-77/
131
Contract EPA-68-01-0188
The toxicity of nine pesticides to various life history
stages of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, was
examined to establish the most sensitive life stage of
the crab, and the highest concentration of each pesti-
cide having no discernible effect on that most sensitive
stage during prolonged exposures. The compounds
tested were the insecticides carbofuran, chlordane,
malathlon and methoxychlor; the herbicides 2,4-D,
DEF, propanil and trifluralin; and the fungicide captan.
For each pesticide the zoeal stages were found to be
the most sensitive in long-term tests, approximately 5
to 1 p times and 10 to 100 times more sensitive than ju-
venile and adult crabs, respectively, and were also af-
fected at lower concentrations than those that affect-
ed egg hatching and prezoeal development. The maxi-
mum acceptable toxicant concentrations for continu-
ous exposures of C. magister zoeae to each of the
nine pesticides are: methoxychlor, 0.005 microgram/
liter; chlordane, 0.015 microgram/liter; malathion, 0.02
microgram/liter; carbofuran, 0.05 microgram/liter;
captan, 2 micrograms/liter; DEF, 4 micrograms/llter;
trifluralin, 15 micrograms/liter; propanil, 80 micro-
grams/liter; and 2,4-D 1000 micrograms/liter. The tox-
icity of each of these pesticides to crabs is compared
with literature reports of their toxicity to other aquatic
species.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Crabs,
Aquatic animals, Invertebrates, Toxicity, Insecticides,
Cpncentration(Composition), Standards, Exposure,
Bioassay, Crustacea, Fungicides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Herbicides, Fluorine organic compounds,
Sulfur organic compounds, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Maximum permissible exposure level, 'Bio-
logical effects, 'Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister,
'Toxic substances, Carbofuran, D 2-4 herbicides,
Chlordan, Threshold limit values, Methoxychlor, Mal-
athion, Captan, Propionanilide/dichloro, Toluidene/tri-
fluoro-dinitro-dipropylm, Phosphorotrithioate/trlbutyl.
PB-276 979/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Light Hydrocarbon and Oxldant Transport Studies
In Ohio -1974. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
H. Westberg, K. Allwine, E. Robinson, and P.
Zimmerman. Jan 78,188p EPA/600/3-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-1232
This report describes a field research study carried out
in the Canton, Ohio, area during July, 1974. Light hy-
drocarbons, oxidant and other air pollution parameters
were monitored in the city and in the surrounding area
both at ground level ana aloft using an instrumented
light aircraft. Air pollutant concentrations both in the
urban center and over the region were shown to have
strong dependence on synoptic weather patterns and
in particular to the passage of high pressure systems.
The pollutant characteristics of the air within a fresh or
recent system that had moved out of Canada exhibited
relatively low pollutant loads. After the air mass within
the system had been present over the Midwest area
for three to four days, pollutant burdens including both
hydrocarbons and photochemical oxidant were signifi-
cantly higher. Winds during this period of higher con-
centrations were typically from the southwest at mod-
erate speeds. Aircraft data showed that pollutants
were frequently widespread over the region and
present in one or more layers above the ground and
through the lowest several thousand feet of the atmos-
phere. In areas directly downwind of major urban cen-
ters, ozone concentrations were inversely correlated
with nitrogen oxide levels.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ozone, 'Air
pollution, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport properties,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Wind(Meteorology), Nitrogen oxides, Aerial surveys,
Tables(Data), Sites, Carbon monoxide, Field tests,
Ohio, 'Canton(Ohio), 'Air quality data, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB-276 985/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Experimenter Air Exclusion System for Field Stud-
ies of SO2 Effects on Crop Productivity. Milestone
rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
H. C. Jones, N. L. Lacasse, W. S. Liggett, and Frances
Weatherford. Nov77, 76p TVA-E-EP-77-5, EPA/600/
7-77/122
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) characterized
and quantified relationships among sulfur dioxide
(SO2) exposure, symptomatology of injury, and yield of
soybean crops, which are sensitive to SO2 and eco-
nomically important to the southeastern United States.
Characterization included analyst * of soil fertility, pH,
soil depth, slope, and content of organic matter. Re-
gression analysis was used to Identify site factors that
might affect yield and mask the effects of SO2 expo-
sure; results of the analyses were used to control or
eliminate those factors. TVA designed, constructed,
and tested an air-exclusion system that permits the
comparison of plants exposed to SO2 with plants at
the same site that were protected from SO2 exposure.
Tests showed the system to be as much as 85 percent
efficient in excluding or reducing SO2 concentrations
to subthreshold levels during exposure.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Soybean
plants, 'Field tests, 'Toxicity, Air filters, Exposure,
Yield, Efficiency, Soil fertility, pH, Planting, Monitoring,
Ozone, Plant growth, Regression analysis, Correlation
techniques, Production, Seeds, Mathematical models,
Chlorosis, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-276 986/7 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Influence of Growth Regulators on Pesticide
Uptake,
Massachusetts Univ., East Wareham. Lab. of Experi-
mental Biology.
Robert M. Devlin. Jan 78,31 p EPA/600/1-78/008
Grant EPA-R-800439
The purpose of this study was to significantly reduce
the amounts of herbicides necessary to control certain
noxious weeds. In laboratory and field studies herbi-
cides were applied with certain plant hormones to ac-
celerate their uptake and translocation in plants. Treat-
ment of redtop grass with IAA or GA increases its sen-
sitivity to 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (sima-
zine). It was also found that simultaneous application
of either IAA or GA with 2-(2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (silvex) enhanced the
toxic efficiency of the herbicide on poison Ivy. Residue
analyses of plants treated with only the herbicide were
compared. More silvex was found in the plants treated
with IAA or GA. In the laboratory the influence of GA,
2,4-D, and parachlorophenoxy-acetic acid (PCPA) on
the uptake of naptalam by bean plants was studied.
Bean plants pretreated with GA via a liquid medium
(root absorbed) took up and accumulated considerably
more naptalam than untreated plants. The synthetic
growth regulators 2,4-D and PCPA were even more
active in this respect.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Plant hormones,
Growth regulators, Plant regulators,
Absorption(Biology), Plant metabolism, Plant physiol-
ogy, Bean plants, Gibberelllns, Auxins, Experimental
data, Field tests, Bioaccumulation, D2-4 herbicide,
Acetic acld/2-4-dichlorophenoxy, Alamine/chloro-
phenyl, Laboratory tests.
PB-276 987/5 PC A03/MF A01
Relationships of Productivity and Problem Condi-
tions to Ambient Nutrients: National Eutrophlca-
tlon Survey Findings for 416 Eastern Lakes. Task
completion rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Llewellyn R. Williams, Victor W. Lambou, Stephen C.
Hern, and Robert W. Thomas. Jan 78,27p EPA/600/
3-78/002
Data collected by the National Eutrophication Survey
(NES) team for 418 eastern lakes were utilized to de-
termine correlations between chlorophyll alpha, an in-
dicator of lake productivity, and nutrient and other
water quality parameters. High linear correlations were
determined between total phosphorus and mean chlo-
rophyll alpha levels, especially in lakes with retention
times of greater than 14 days. These basic relation-
ships were compared for populations of lakes subdi-
vided on the bases of stratification, vegetation domi-
nance and fishery type. Relationships between lake
'problems' and nutrient or other water quality param-
eters were established by comparing historical and ob-
servational data of general lake conditions with physi-
cal, chemical and biological values obtained from NES
sample analyses. The distributions of lakes with algal
blooms, aquatic macrophyte problems, low dissolved
oxygen concentrations, and/or fishkills are presented
as functions of mean total phosphorus and chlorophyll
alpha concentrations.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Primary biological productivity,
'Chlorophylls, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Surveys,
Phosphorus, Stratification, Aquatic plants, Nitrogen,
Turbidity, pH, Concentration(Composition), Algae,
Plankton, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Aquatic weeds,
Correlation techniques, Water quality, 'Eutrophication.
PB-276 988/3 PC A03/MF A01
California Univ., Los Angeles.
Selected Non-Carcinogenic Effects of Industrial
Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic. Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Emanuel Landau, Donovan J. Thompson, Robert G.
Feldman, Guy J. Goble, and Wilfrid J. Dixon. Oct 77,
41 p EPA/560/6-77/018
Contract EPA-68-01-2490
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., Mass.
School of Medicine, California Univ., Los Angeles,
Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Public Health and
Community Medicine.
In June 1976, a study team representing four Universi-
ties and a research institution carried out a study of
possible neurological effects of long-term exposure to
airborne arsenic trioxide in a Western copper smelter.
The study involved comparing active working men
heavily exposed to arsenic in the work force with work-
ers not so exposed. Its purpose was to determine
whether nerve conduction velocity can be utilized as a
biological indicator of the subtle health effects of
chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic in a community
setting. The double-blind electrophysiologic and clini-
cal study was based on 111 volunteers recruited from
a selected set of smelter workers with at least five
years of high urinary arsenic levels (37 men) and five
years of low urinary levels (33 men). The control popu-
lation consisted of members of the same union who
worked at an aluminum plant in the same city (13 men)
as well as male municipal employees with no industrial
exposure (28 men). The conclusions of the study are
that: (1) chronic arsenic exposure in an industrial set-
ting affects the peripheral nervous system, and (2) the
neurologic parameters used in this study appear to be
suitable for use in screening a community population
for changes related to arsenical neuropathies.
Keywords: 'Arsenic inorganic compounds, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Industrial medicine, 'Neurology, Toxicity, Per-
sonnel, Electrophysiology, Clinical medicine, Field
tests, Exposure, Nervous system disorders, Industrial
atmospheres, Concentration(Composition), Blood
chemical analysis, Hematology, Hair, Nails(Anatomy),
Smelters, 'Occupational safety and health, Environ-
mental health. Copper smelting, Urinalysis, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-276 989/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Energy Requirements for Municipal Pollution Con-
trol Facilities. Final rept.,
Culp, Wesner, Culp-Clean Water Consultants, Santa
Ana, Calif.
G. M. Wesner. Nov 77,86p' EPA/600/2-77/214
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
This report presents information on energy require-
ments in municipal pollution control facilities for sever-
al major areas of interest. (1) Pumping energy for filtra-
tion and granular carbon adsorption of secondary ef-
fluent - Pumping requirements are developed for all
elements of the filtration process including: (a) main
stream, (b) backwash, (c) surface wash, (d) wash
water return, and (e) chemical feed. (2) Heat require-
ments - Estimated heat requirements are developed
for: (a) Building heat. For three cities, heating require-
ments are presented as a function of plant capacity.
(b) Anaerobic digestion. Heat requirements for anaero-
324 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bic digestion at 95F in standard and high rate digesters
are given as a function of influent sludge temperature.
(c) Heat treatment of sludges. Fuel requirements as a
function of thermal treatment capacity are presented
for both heat conditioning prior to dewatering and for
oxidation prior to ultimate disposal. (3) Utilization of an-
aerobic digester gas - Cost estimates are presented
for cleaning and storing digester gas, and for use as
fuel in internal combustion engines that are coupled to
pumps, blowers or electrical generators. (4) Secondary
energy requirements - Estimations are made for off-
site production of some of the consumables used in
wastewater treatment processes.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Energy requirements,
Heat treatment, Anaerobic process, Sludges, Cost
analysis, Materials recovery, Internal combustion en-
gines, Fuels, Byproducts, Utilization, Electric power
generation, Heat recovery, Filtration, Carbon, Adsorp-
tion, Gas production, "Energy consumption, 'Energy
use, Heat consumption, Digester gas.
PB-276 990/9 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a New Mlcrovolume 3HSc Electron
Capture Detector and Ancillary Data System for
Pesticide Residue Analysis,
.Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Robert C. Hanisch, and Robert G. Lewis. Feb 78,35p
EPA/600/2-78/010
The performance of a linearized 3HSc electron cap-
ture detector (ECD) and its ancillary data system was
evaluated for use in the analysis of pesticide residues.
Serial dilutions of pesticide standards were used to de-
termine the maximum linear range and sensitivity of
the detector. This detector was found to have a signifi-
cantly greater linear range for the test compounds
than a linearized 63Ni electron capture detector evalu-
ated. The sensitivity was only marginally better than
the 63Ni ECD.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sensitivity, Residues, Electron cap-
ture, Chlorine organic compounds, Organic phos-
phates, Naphthalenes, 'Electron capture detectors,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Nickel 63.
PB-276 991/7 PC A03/MF A01
Development of Quality Assurance Plans for Re-
search Tasks - Health Effects Research Labora-
tory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Guidelines for Taskmasters. Quality assurance doc.
no. 2.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Feb 78,50p EPA/600/1-78/012
The document is designed to provide, in one location,
a summary of details to be considered In the develop-
ment of task-specific quality assurance plans for re-
search tasks at the Health Effects Research Labora-
tory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. It is di-
rected toward taskmasters as they design plans for 'In-
house' and contracted research tasks. The logical
structure of a research task is analyzed, from the Initial
planning stages through report preparation. The pro-
duction of high quality data is dependent on consist-
ently high quality efforts by all associated task person-
nel during all phases of task execution. Thus, guide-
lines for the taskmaster for planning and maintaining
Quality in each of those phases are presented. In addi-
tion, methods for monitoring and documenting data
quality are discussed.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control, 'Re-
search management, Calibrating, Data processing,
Plans, Development, Guidelines, Productivity, Biologi-
cal laboratories, Monitors, Definitions, Experimental
design, Personnel, Facilities, Equipment, Records
management, Estimates, Implementation, Research
projects, Environmental health, Environmental factors,
Task analysis.
PB-276 995/8 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Municipal Water Pollution Control Abstracts: No-
vember 1976-October 1977. Final rept.,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa. Sci-
ence Information Services Dept.
Judith G. Kutcher, and Rochelle P. Kramer. Dec 77,
718p' EPA/600/9-77/037
Grant EPA-R-804922-01
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-264 664.
The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories, Science
Information Services Department, prepared for the En-
vironmental Protection Agency Volume 4 of the Munic-
ipal Technology Bulletin, a current-awareness ab-
stracting bulletin covering methods of municipal waste
water treatment, problems of water quality, and water
pollution control. Volume 4 of the Bulletin contained
abstracts of technologically significant literature ap-
pearing in print during 1976 and 1977. Under the same
grant the Science Information Services Department,
as a center of competence on municipal waste water,
provided 1320 abstracts, including those appearing in
the Bulletin, to the Water Resources Scientific Infor-
mation Center (WRSIC). The Municipal Technology
Bulletin Informs researchers, consultants, engineers,
and government officials of current developments de-
scribed in more than 4000 English and non-English
language scientific and technical publications. Topics
covered in the Bulletin and in the abstracts submitted
to WRSIC include: analytical techniques for water
quality measurements; biological, chemical, and physi-
cal methods of waste water treatment, disposal, and
recycling; construction and equipment for pollution
control; model studies; storm runoff; tunneling technol-
ogy and sewer systems; and treatment plant operation
and automation. This report is a compilation of the
1320 abstracts arranged consecutively by accession
number within subject categories. The report is com-
pleted by a journal list and subject and author indices.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Water pollution control,
'Abstracts, 'Bibliographies, Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, Mathematical models, Equipment, Sewage
treatment, Waste water, Industrial waste treatment,
Hydrology.
PB-276 997/4 PC A10/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Re-
search Applied to National Needs.
Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay.
VII. Metals Discharge from the Rhode River Wa-
tershed In 1975,
Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Md. Chesapeake
Bay Center for Environmental Studies.
Tung L. Wu. May 77,203p NSF/RA-770385
Grants NSF-ENV76-22045, EPA-R-804 536-01
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.,
Baltimore, Md. Rept. no. CRC-PUB-60. See also PB-
276 861.
This study attempts to: (1) Determine the water quality
(metals composition) in the streams of the Rhode
River watershed; (2) estimate the chemical loadings of
certain metals due to land runoff from test watershed
basins; (3) Investigate the relationship between land
utilization type ana metals area yield; (4) determine the
input sources of heavy metals In the runoff water; and
(5) study the transport mechanism of metals. In order
to study the effect of land utilization on the metals dis-
charge to the receiving water, the land use analysis of
each basin was compared with the metals discharge.
The metals studied included iron (Fe), manganese
(Mn), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper
(Cu), and lead (Pb). Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and
magnesium (Mg) were also intensively studied be-
cause of the large quantities applied to agricultural
land as plant nutrients. Calculation of the area yield
loading rate of a single land use category was attempt-
ed witn a statistical modeling system. Small field size
basins are now also used to derive area yield loading
rates from each land use category.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Water pollution, 'Rhode River,
Chesapeake Bay, Tables(Data), Land use, Runoff,
Concentratlon(Composition), Iron, Manganese, Zinc,
Chromium, Cadmium, Copper, Lead(Metal), Potas-
sium, Calcium, Magnesium, Periodic variations, Corre-
lation techniques, Maryland, Heavy metals, 'Nonpoint
sources, Organic loading, Path of pollutants.
PB-276 99B/2 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Field Measurement of Denltrlflcatlon. Final rept. 1
Dec 75-31 Jul 77,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
Dennis E. Rolston, and Francis E. Broadbent. Nov 77,
92p EPA/600/2-77/233
Grant EPA-R-804259
Denitrification from a Yolo loam field profile was stud-
ied in relation to the influence of soil-water content, or-
ganic carbon source, and temperature. Field plots
were intensely instrumented with soil atmosphere
samplers, soil solution samplers, and tensiometers.
The two soil-water pressure treatments were -0.01 and
-0.05 bars in the topsoil. Three levels of soil carbon
were studied by evaluating plots cropped with rye-
grass, uncropped plots, and plots amended with
manure. Experiments were conducted at soil tempera-
tures of 8 and 23C. Fertilizer was applied as KNO3 en-
riched with 15N. The flux of volatile gases at the soil
surface was measured from the accumulation of N20
and 15N2 beneath an air-tight cover placed over the
soil surface for 1 or 2 hours per day. Denitrification at
23C ranged from 73% of the fertilizer N for the manure
treatment at -0.01 bar to 1 % for the uncropped treat-
ment at -0.05 bar. At 8C, denitrification ranged from
11 % for the manure treatment at -0.01 bar to zero for
the uncropped plots. The N20 flux at the soil surface
varied between 5 and 26% of total denitrification.
Keywords: 'Field tests, 'Nitrogen cycle, 'Irrigation,
'Water pollution control, Grasses, Fertilizers, Soil
water, Carbon, Organic compounds, Sources, Tem-
perature, Gases, Diffusion, Plant growth, Leaching,
Ground water, Nitrogen, Nitrogen oxide(N2O), Ratios,
Concentration(Composition), Correlation techniques,
'Denitrification, 'Return flow, Manure,
PB-276 999/0 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Blast Furnace Cast House Emission Control Tech-
nology Assessment. Final rept. Sep 75-Jun 77,
Betz Environmental Engineers, Inc., Plymouth Meet-
W?liiam P. May. Nov 77,316p* EPA/600/2-77/231
Contract EPA-68-02-2123
The study describes the state-of-the-art of controlling
fumes escaping from blast furnace cast houses. Back-
ground information is based on: a study of existing lit-
erature; visits to blast furnaces in the U.S., Japan, and
Europe; meetings with an ad hoc group of experienced
blast furnace operators and engineers appointed by
the American Iron and Steel Institute; and a question-
naire sent by AISI to all its members (the questionnaire
resulted in operating and physical characteristics data
on 151 standing blast furnaces). The limited emissions
data available at the start of the study had been ob-
tained through the use of various rather imprecise
methods. To obtain additional more precise data, ap-
proval was obtained from Dominion Foundries and
Steel, Ltd., to sample emissions from its No. 1 blast
furnace cast house using EPA sampling methods.
(This furnace employs fulf emissions control using a
total cast house evacuation technique.) Existing cast
houses were classed according to major factors influ-
encing control scheme selection. For yet-to-be-design
cast houses, suggestions are made for optimizing the
Integration of cast house emission control. For both
retrofit and new classes, technology gaps are Identi-
fied and the nature and scope of suitable development
programs are proposed to fill these gaps. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Furnaces, "Air pollution control, 'Iron and
steel Industry, Design criteria, Technology, Assess-
ments, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Concentratlon(Composition), Casting, Particles, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion p ' ' " -
sions, 'Cast houses.
products, 'Fugitive errtls-
PB-277 000/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Safety In Society.
Group 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1966,54p-ln 10 articles
Consists of PB-277 001 thru PB-277 010.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Environmental health, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 001/4
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Summary of Federal Pesticide Programs,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Milton J. Foter. 1966,5p
December 1983 325
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health, v28 n6 p467-471,
May-Jun 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The article discusses the problems involved in the in-
creasing use of pesticides and the role of the federal
government in programs to control the hazards in-
volved in such uses.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Pro-
grams, National government, Public health, Safety,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Environmental health.
PB-277 002/2
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticides of Public Health Significance,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayne G. Brown. 1961, 7p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
Tens of thousands of chemicals have been evaluated
for insect-, rodent-, weed-, and fungus-control. Hun-
dreds of these are in dally use in the pest control field,
and additional materials are being developed contin-
ually. As a result, even individuals engaged in pesticide
research find it difficult to stay abreast of this vast and
rapidly changing field. The article contains four charts
presenting 350 of the most commonly used pet control
materials In a practical system based upon a combina-
tion of chemical structure and pest control effect.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Public health, Rodenticides,
Pest control, Rodents, Weed control, Herbicides, Fun-
gicides, Insecticides, Poisons, Chemical compounds,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 003/0
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticides In Your Future,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
William M. Hoffman. 1973,3p
Pub. in The Golf Superintendent, v41 n2 p26-28, Feb
73.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
Caught in the midst of an ecological controversy, the
golf superintendent is rightfully concerned about the
pesticides available to him; this article provides an in-
endent.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Public health, Legislation,
Law(Jurisprudence), Safety, Herbicides, Weed control,
'Golf courses, Federal Environmental Pesticide Con-
trol Act, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticlde
Act, 'Environmental health, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 004/8
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticides Formulation: Relation to Safety In Use,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., and George W. Pearce. 19 May
53,4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Fi)od Chemistry, v1 n6 p466-
469,10Jun53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
In arriving at improved safety of formulations, substitu-
tion of less toxic active Ingredients, and use of eme-
tics, warning colors, and antidusting agents and com-
pounds to retard absorption are important. Highly toxic
compounds may be employed with markedly de-
creased hazard If prior consideration is given to the in-
corporation of safety factors into the formulation itself,
in addition to precautions usually advised.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Formulations, Safety, Tables(Data),
Protection, Industrial hygiene,
Concentration(Composltion), Experimental data,
Lethal dosage, Solvents, Dust, DDT, Development,
Laboratory animals, Mice, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health.
326 Vol. 83, No, 26
PB-277 005/5
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticides and the Food Supply,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
L. A. Richardson, and Milton J. Foter. 17 Feb 66,8p
Pub. in Jnl. of Milk and Food Technology, v29 n5 p148-
155, May 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The use of chemical pest control agents undoubtedly
constitutes a calculated risk; nonetheless, the proper
use of these agents results in benefits which, at the
present time, far outweigh the known potential haz-
ards. Considerable care must be exercised in the se-
lection, storage, and use of pesticide chemicals and in
the disposition of the empty conta; lers. Since virtually
all pesticides are more or less tox c to man and cumu-
lative and potentiation characteristics are not well de-
fined, regulation through registration and the establish-
ment of residue tolerances is essential. Scientists rec-
ognize that the adequate production and preservation
of food and fiber and the protection of human health
require the use of chemical pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Food, Food chains, Classifi-
cations, Regulations, Food contamination, Food sani-
tation, Prevention, Surveillance, Control, Public health,
Reprints, Analytical methods, Pesticide residues,
'Toxic substances.
PB-277 006/3
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
The Price for Pesticide Safety: Constant Vigi-
lance,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Eldon P. Savage, and Samuel W. Simmons. 1968,3p
Pub. in Pest Control Magazine, Jan 68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
Safe use of pesticides requires constant vigilance by
everyone involved in the manufacture, transportation,
storage, use and finally disposal of pest'cide waste
materials, because human error or carelessness in any
step in the chain of events can result in a pesticide poi-
soning to man and animals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, Materials handling. Transportation,
Safety, Protection, Procedures, Occupational dis-
eases, Toxic diseases, Industrial hygiene, Industrial at-
mospheres, Hygiene, Reprints, 'Occupational safety
and health, 'Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 007/1
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticide Safety-All Users are Responsible,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Eldon P. Savage, and Samuel W. Simmons. 1967,3p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The article discusses pesticide storage and disposal of
pesticide wastes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Waste disposal, 'Storage,
Safety, Requirements, Containers, Protection, Acci-
dent prevention, Public health, Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 008/9
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Aerial Application Accidents 1963 to 1966: An
Analysis of the Principal Factors,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
George A. Reich, and William H. Berner. 18 Jul 68,10p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v17 p775-
784,Nov68.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The use of aircraft in agricultural operations is Increas-
ing. The accident rate for aerial applicators is second
only to pleasure flying. An analysis of 1,328 aerial ap-
plication accidents revealed the large majority of these
occurred during the summer. Most of these crashes
occur In southern and western states. Texas, Califor-
nia, and the Mississippi Delta account for 46% of all
fatal crashes. Five plane manufacturers account for
83% of all crashes. Fire after impact Is associated with
fatal crashes. Safety-oriented engineering might well
reduce the number of fatalities. Pilot factors are very
important in the causation of these crashes. Lack of
pilot experience at flying appears to be associated with
fatal crashes. There is some evidence that the pilot's
exposure to toxic chemicals may play a contributory or
causal role in crashes of aerial applicators.
Keywords: 'Aircraft, 'Utility aircraft, 'Aviation acci-
dents, Accidents, Seasonal variations, Distribution,
Mortality, Death, Fires, Pilots(Personnel), Pesticides,
Reprints, Applicators(Personnel), 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 009/7
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Pesticides Intelligence In Relation to Our Environ-
ment,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Milton J. Foter, and Robert S. Davis. 1966,4p
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting Soil Con-
servation Society of America (21 st), Albuquerque, New
Mexico, August 1966, p74-77.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The article discusses technological advances which
have enabled us to produce more food and fiber than
ever before, but we have also threatened ourselves
with extensive environmental contamination. This im-
pending contamination of the environment is also a
threat to health.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Public health, Intelligence,
Reprints, 'Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 010/5
(Order as PB-277 000, MF A01)
Summation of Community Studies on Pesticide
Workshop,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
H. F. Kraybill, and Milton J. Foter. 1966,2p
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health, 28(5) p384-385
1966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Safety in Society. Group 1, PB-277 000.
The Working Conference on Pesticides in the first day
sessions had the proper orientation provided for al
project participants and observers by the emphasis
placed on the role of PHS in federal programs on pesti-
cides and the concepts advanced essential in planning
all phases of these comprehensive studies in various
communities.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Public health, Communities,
Epidemiology, Programs, Reprints, 'Environmental
health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 011/3 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of Technology for Controlling BOP
(Basic Oxygen Process) Charging Emissions. Final
rept. Jun 73-Dec 76,
National Steel Corp., Weirton, W. Va. Research and
Development Dept.
K. E. Caine, Jr. Oct 77,167p EPA/600/2-77/218
Contract EPA-68-02-1370
The report gives results of a study of the basic oxygen
process (BOP) hot metal charging emission control
technology, conducted with a 900 kg pilot vessel de-
signed for the experiments. Complete Instrumentation
was provided to measure the emissions, the effective-
ness of the various systems investigated, and the BOP
operating parameters. Twenty heats were made: four
had no emission controls operating, to establish base
line conditions; three used a slot hood; six used inert
gas purging of the vessel, to suppress emissions at the
source; two were to evaluate the closure plate con-
cept; two were launder pours (pouring through the
vessel hood); two were tests of a canopy hood; and
the last was an evaluation of slow hot metal pouring.
These tests showed that: a means of minimizing kisn
carryover will reduce emissions; slot hoods and gas
purging are not practical; systems such as closure
plates and launders, which allow the vessel to remain
under the main hood, are effective; and canopy hoods
are effective, if large enough. The study also included:
tabulation of domestic BOP shops; an historical review
of BOP steelmaking; the influence of scrap type on the
type and amount of potential emissions; a survey of
BOP charging emission controls in use or which have
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
been tried; and emission tests of a production BOP
vessel during hot metal charging.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, Technology, Steel making, Forecasting, Metal
scrap, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, 'Basic oxygen process.
PB-277 012/1 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Over-fire Air Technology for Tangentlally Fired
Utility Bolters Burning Western U.S. Coal. Final
rept. Jun 74-Mar 77,
C-E Power Systems, Windsor, Conn.
Richard L Burlington, John D. Cavers, and Ambrose
P. Selker. Oct 77,332p' EPA/600/7-77/117
Contract EPA-68-02-1486
The report gives results of an Investigation and evalua-
tion of the effectiveness of overiire air in reducing NOx
emissions from tangentially fired boilers burning West-
ern U.S. coal. Results are compared with those ob-
tained during phase II, 'Program for Reduction of NOx
from Tangentlally Coal Fired Boilers.' Both programs
investigated the effect that variations in excess air, unit
slagging, load, and overfire air had on unit perform-
ance and emissions. The effect oi biasing combustion
air through various out-of-service fuel nozzle eleva-
tions was also investigated. The effect of overfire air
operation on waterwail corrosion potential was evalu-
ated during 30-day baseline and overfire air corrosion
coupon tests. Overfire air operation for low NOx opti-
mization did not significantly increase corrosion
coupon degradation. Overfire air operation and reduc-
tions in excess air levels were effective in reducing
NOx emissions. NOx reductions of 20-30% were ob-
tained when operating with 15-20% overfire air. These
reductions occurred with the boilers operating at a
total unit excess air of about 15-25%, measured at the
economizer outlet. Unit loading exhibited a minimal
effect on NOx emissions. Waterwail slag conditions
had wide and inconsistent effects on NOx emission
levels.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, "Air pollution control,
'Boilers, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes.
Combustion products, Technology, Field tests, Design
criteria, 'Overfire air process.
PB-277 013/9 PC A04/MF A01
Characterization and Generation of Matal Aero-
sols. Final rept. Jun 76-Jun 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Nell Zimmerman, Dennis C. Drehmel, and James H.
Abbott. Feb 78,54p EPA/600/7-78/013
The report reviews techniques of metal aerosol gen-
eration for the purpose of establishing the state-of-the-
art of the technology and guiding future researchers.
Exposure to metal or metallic compound submlcron
aerosols is widespread in both Industrial and general
environments. Research in areas of health effects,
sampling instrumentation, and air pollution control
technology requires a reliable source of test aerosol.
metal aerosols, and discusses their applications, ad-
vantages, and disadvantages. Generation methods
can be on a continuous or batch basis, with high or low
concentrations and generation rates, and with mono-
disperse or polydisperse size distributions. The
method chosen and the resulting aerosol depend on
the requirements of the specific research being con-
ducted. Metal aerosols generated by exploding wires,
electric arcs, heating to evaporation, combustion, and
dispersion are presented, with particular attention paid
to particle size characteristics.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution control,
'Gas generating systems, Technology, Public health,
Samplers, Industrial hygiene, Iron and steel industry,
Metal industry, Electric arcs, DropsfUquids), Particle
size distribution, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Design criteria. Evaporation, Dispersions, Indoor
air pollution.
PB-277 01S/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Orv. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for the Enforcement of New
Source Performance Standards as Applied to
Contact Catalyst Sulfurlc Acid Plants. Final rept.,
Catalytic, Inc., Charlotte, N.C.
E. L. Calvin, and F. D. Kodras. Nov 76,147p* EPA/
340/1-77/008
Contract EPA-68-02-1322
Standards of performance for new sulfuric acid plants
were promulgated under Section 111 of the Clean Air
Act on December 16,1971; the standards have been
subjected to several amendments since that time. This
report presents procedures for inspection of Contact
Catalyst Sulfuric Acid Plants toward determination of
their compliance with NSPS, It also includes back-
ground information that will aid the inspector in under-
standing the manufacture of sulfuric acid using the
Contact Catalyst process. The report provides a list
and description of the critical process controls related
to major operating parameters of the process.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Chemical industry, 'Sulfuric
acid, 'Air pollution control equipment, Law enforce-
ment, Verification inspection, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Process charting, Industrial wastes,
Regulations, Standards, Sulfur dioxide, Monitoring,
Water pollution, Scrubbers, Absorbers(Materials),
Catalysts, Combustion products, 'New source per-
formance standards, 'Contact catalyst process.
PB-277 017/0 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Screening Methods for Toxic Substances,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y.
Harish C. Sikka. Feb 78,26p EPA/600/1-78/014
Contract EPA-68-02-1786
The present report deals with the application of flu-
orescent probe technique to the detection of confor-
mational changes in rat brain synaptosomes under the
influence of certain neurotoxic chemicals, chlorophen-
othane (DDT) and diphenylhydantoin, which are ex-
pected to produce functional changes in nerve mem-
branes. Pretreatment of the rats with (1) a single dose
of DDT capable of producing neurological symptoms
and (2) repeated sub-lethal doses of DDT did not alter
the fluorescence characteristics of the hydrophobia
probe 8-anilino-l -naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS)
bound to the synaptosomes. DDT treatment also
showed no effect on native protein fluorescence of
synaptosomes. Exposure of synaptosomes to diphen-
ylhydantoint in vitro did not induce conformational
changes as measured by ANS and intrinsic fluores-
cence.
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Neurology, 'Toxicology, *DDT,
'Pesticides, Synapses, Nervous system, Nerve cells,
Membranes, Permeability, Ions, Pathology, Detection,
Toxicity, Tests, Sublethal dosage, Rats, Laboratory
animals, In vitro analysis, 'Toxic substances, 'Synap-
tosomes, Fluorescent probes.
PB-277 022/0 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Effect of Lead on Gamma Ammo Butyric Acid
Synthesis,
Meharry Medical Coll., Nashville, Tenn. Dept. of Bio-
chemistry and Nutrition.
Henry Archie Moses. Jan 78,38p EPA/600/1-78/009
Contract EPA-R-802370
The project studies the inhibitory effect of lead on the
enzymatic activity of brain glutamic amlno acid decar-
boxylase (GADC). The enzyme is responsible for the
catalytic formation of gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA) inhibitory neurons which is believed to be in-
volved with the transmission of inhibitory Impulses in
the brain. Lead nitrate solution was available to Spra-
gue-Dawley female rats ad libitum and the quantity of
lead Ingested was determined by the volumes con-
sumed. During the course of these experiments, ani-
mals were examined for weight loss, activity, and excit-
ability and other behavioral manifestations of lead tox-
icity. At autopsy, the tissues selected for lead determi-
nations were brain, liver, bone (femur). In another
series of experiments GADC was Isolated from fresh
bovine brain tissue, and in vitro studies were per-
formed to determine the nature of lead inhibition of the
enzyme. Subsequently, Se and Cd inhibition of the
enzyme were studied and compared to lead Inhibition.
The activity of the enzyme GADC In brain tissue ho-
mogenates of rats drinking lead nitrate solutions was
less than the activity determined in control rats. When
the inhibiting effect of Pb, Cd, and Se on GADC activity
were compared, Pb proved to be the most potent in-
hibitor, while Cd showed less inhibition, showed no in-
hibition of enzyme activity.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Enzyme inhibitors, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Biosynthesis, Brain, Rats, Experimental data,
Ingestlon(Biolqgy), Bioassay, Dosage, Toxicity, Lead
poisoning, Toxic diseases, Tissues(Biology),
Absorption(Biology), Experimental data, 'Butyric acid/
4-amlno, Neurochemistry, 'Decarboxylase/glutamic
acid.
PB-277 036/0 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Semlnoe Reservoir, Carbon County, Wyoming.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,55p WORKING PAPER-890
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Seminoe Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Carbon
County (Wyoming).
PB-277 037/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Viva Naughton Reservoir, Lincoln County, Wyo-
ming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,37p WORKING PAPER-892
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Viva Naughton Reser-
voir, Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composltlon),
Mathematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plank-
ton, Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hy-
drology, Streamflow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Wy-
oming, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loading, Lincoln CountyfWyoming).
PB-277 038/6 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. ii
Evaluation of Leachate Treatment Volume II. Bio-
logical and Physical-Chemical Processes. Final
rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Edward S. K. Chian, and Foppe B. DeWalle. Nov 77,
266p EPA/800/2-77/186b
Contract EPA-68-03-0162
See also Volume 1 dated Sep 77, PB-272 685.
A completely mixed anaerobic filter was found to effec-
tively remove organic matter concentrations In high-
strength solid wasie leachate over a range of organic
loadings and shockloads. ReclrculatJon eliminated the
need for buffer solutions. Testing of a fixed film biologi-
cal reactor model showed that the substrate removal
rate is primarily affected by substrate concentration,
specific surface area, flow rate, and temperature of the
unit. Studies of the biological aerated lagoon or ex-
tended aeration process were conducted in six com-
pletely mixed reactors (no recycle) fed with undiluted
December 1983 327
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
leachate. Phosphate requirements of the aerobic bio-
mass were extensively evaluated. Kinetic constants
were calculated for optimum conditions. The settling
and'dewaterlng characteristics of the sludge from the
aerated lagoons were studied. The combined treat-
ment of leachate and municipal sewage in a conven-
tional plugflow activated sludge unit was found to ef-
fectively treat high strength leachate. The test unit was
not able to treat the high strength leachate at = or >
4% of the municipal sewage flow rate. Physical-chemi-
cal treatment methods are not effective in removing
biological pretreatment is required; these methods
were therefore tested using aerated lagoon effluents.
Ozonation, activated carbon, anion exchange resins,
and reverse osmosis were studied. Treatment costs
were estimated for leachate flows of 7.6 and 76 l/min
containing 5000 and 25,000 mg/l BODS.
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Sewage treatment, Anaerobic
process, Lagoons(Ponds), Organic compounds, Reac-
tion kinetics, Sludges, Ozonation, Activated carbon,
Exchange resins, Reverse osmosis, Activated sludge,
Filtration, Cost analysis, 'Solid wastes, Aeration
ponds.
PB-277 043/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Transport of Oxldant Beyond Urban Areas.
Light Hydrocarbon and Oxldant Data, New Eng-
land Study, 197S. Final rept,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
H. Westberg, K. J. Allwine, and E. Robinson. Jan 78,
331pEPA/600/3-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2239
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-253 736.
During the months of July and August, 1975, a com-
prehensive air pollution field monitoring program was
conducted in southern New England. Participants in
the program included research groups from Washing-
ton State University, Battelle Columbus Laboratories,
EPA-Research Triangle Park, EPA-Las Vegas and
EPA-Region I. Oxidants, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitro-
gen and other gaseous pollutant species were meas-
ured at several ground stations in Connecticut and
Massachusetts. The use of three instrumented aircraft
provided information concerning vertical dispersion
and transport of pollutants. This report provides a tab-
ulation of data collected by Washington State Universi-
ty. It includes surface data from a field laboratory near
Groton, Connecticut, plus vertical pollutant information
obtained during dally aircraft sampling missions.
Keywords: 'Oxidlzers, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, Aerial
surveys, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Concentratlon(Composltion), Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport properties,
Sampling, Monitoring, Halogen organic compounds,
Connecticut, 'Air quality data, Groton(Connectlcut).
PB-277 047/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Cheyenne.
Woodruff Narrows Reservoir, Ulnta County, Wyo-
ming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,39p Working Paper-893
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Woodruff Narrows Res-
ervoir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutro-
" " " data, Uinta
phlcation, 'Water
County(Wyoming).
quality
PB-277 048/5 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Radlolmmunoassay of Metallothlonein,
Howard Univ., Washington, D.C. Dept. of Biochemistry.
Felix Friedberg. Jan 78,18p EPA/600/1-78/010
Grant EPA-R-803201
The goal of this project was to develop a radioimmun-
oassay for metallothionein. Since this protein is in-
volved with the transport of cadmium in biological sys-
tems and may in fact protect against cadmium poison-
ing, the ability to monitor the levels in the human popu-
lation is of the utmost importance to evaluation of the
hazards of environmental cadmium exposure. While
researchers do not agree whether copper thioneins
and zinc thioneins of rats are identical, this study found
in preliminary analysis that zinc thionein appears to
have a composition similar to that of copper chelatins.
It is recommended that development of a radioimmun-
oassay should not be attempted until the putative me-
tallothioneing is clearly characterized. There are too
many kinds of metallothionein induced by the injection
of different metals according to the reports in the litera-
ture. They must be properly identified first.
Keywords: 'Proteins, Amino acids, Metals, Cadmium,
Zinc, Copper, Transport properties, Chemical compo-
sition, Assaying, 'Radioimmunoassay, 'Metallothion-
ein proteins.
PB-277 049/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Boulder Lake, Sublette County, Wyoming. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,37p WORKING PAPER-882
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Boulder Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Sublette County(Wyoming).
PB-277 050/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake De Smet, Johnson County, Wyoming. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,35p WORKING PAPER-884
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake De Smet, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Johnson County(wyoming).
PB-277 051/9 PC A03/MF A01
Keyhole Reservoir, Crook County, Wyoming. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,46p WORKING PAPER-888
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Keyhole Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Crook
County (Wyoming).
PB-277 058/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Evaluation of Proposed TG and E (Tucson Gas
and Electric Company) Wastewater Discharge on
Groundwater In the Tucson Basin. Final rept.,
Schmidt (Kenneth D.), Fresno, Calif.
Kenneth D. Schmidt. 30 Nov 77,73p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, Calif. Region IX.
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the
probable impact of a proposed discharge of cooling
tower blowdown wastewater on groundwater in the
Tucson Basin. The sources of the wastewater is the
Tucson Gas and Electric Company. About 740,000
gallons per day of wastewater are proposed to be dis-
charged into an unnamed arroyo which eventually
flows into the Santa Cruz River.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Cooling water, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Tucson Basin, Electric power plants, Cooling
towers, Hydrogeology, Geologic structures, Aquifers,
Soil properties, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Evalua-
tion, Santa Cruz River, Seepage, Stream flow,' Water
wells, Potassium, Carbonates, Inorganic sulfates,
Chlorides, Inorganic nitrates, Silicon dioxide, Boron,
Fluorides, pH, Concentration(Composition), Arizona,
Blowdown, Water levels, 'Water quality data,
Tucson(Arizona).
PB-277 075/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fine Particle Collection by a Flux-Force/Conden-
sation Scrubber: Pilot Demonstration. Final rept.
Jun 74-Jun 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, and Shamin Gandhi. Dec 77,193p
EPA/600/2-77/238
Contract EPA-68-02-1869
The report gives results of a pilot-scale demonstration
of flux-force/condensation (FF/C) scrubbing for fine
particle control, carried out on a secondary metal re-
covery furnace. Results were consistent with those of
preceding laboratory bench-scale and pilot-plant stud-
ies. The system was generally capable of 90-95% effi-
ciency on particles with a mass median aerodynamic
diameter of 0.7-0.8 micrometers A, achieved with a 68
cm W.C. gas-phase pressure drop. A conventional
high energy scrubber without FF/C effects would re-
quire pressure drops of roughly 250 cm W.C. for 90%
and 535 cm W.C. for 95% particle collection efficiency.
FF/C effects are those which accompany the conden-
sation of water vapor from the gas and are generally
caused by contacting hot humid gas with colder liquid
and/or by injecting steam Into saturated gas. Math-
ematical models have been developed for predicting
FF/C effects and for use in scrubber system design.
Agreement between the model predictions and experi-
mental results was good. The report gives FF/C
system design details, experimental results, analysis
of results, description of mathematical models, design
of an optimized system, cost estimates, and recom-
mendations for future research.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Particles, Pilot plants, Mathematical
models, Design criteria, Industrial wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Cost analysis, Combus-
tion products, Performance evaluation, Furnaces,
Forecasting, Plant location, Sampling, 'Flux force/
condensation scrubbers.
PB-277 076/6 PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Emission Testing and Evaluation of Ford/Koppers
Coke Pushing Control System. Volume II. Appen-
dices. Final rept. Dec 73-Aug 77,
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
328 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fred Cooper, Thomas Loch, John Mutchler, and Jan
Vecchio. Sep 77,600p EPA/600/2-77/187b
Contract EPA-68-02-0630
Prepared in cooperation with Clayton Environmental
Consultants, Inc., Southlield, Mich. See also Volume 1,
PB-273812.
The report documents a field testing and engineering
evaluation of the performance of a retrofitted, mobile-
hood, high-energy-scrubber control system, abating
coke-side pushing emissions from a 58-oven coke bat-
tery. It documents the venturi-scrubber inlet and outlet
emission rates, as well as emission factors for filter-
able and condensible paniculate, sulfur dioxide, sulfur
trioxide, total sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, benzene, benzene and homologues, total light
hydrocarbons methane and homologues, and ethylene
and homologues. Results indicate that the mobile
hood collects particulate emissions resulting from
green and clean pushes at 22% to 54% efficiencies,
respectively, or from 30% to 92%, respectively, using
two different estimating techniques. Scrubber perform-
ance averaged 99.3% for paniculate emissions cap-
tured in the hood.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Coking, *lron and steel Industry, Air filters, Parti-
cles, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfur
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Field
tests, Regulations, Benzene, Hydrocarbons, Methane,
Ethylene, Sampling, *Ford Koppers coke pushing sys-
tems, Emission factors, Koppers system, Ford Motor
Company, "Air pollution sampling.
PB-277 077/4 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Teratology and Acute Toxicology of Selected
ChemlcafPesticldes Administered by Inhalation,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
Gordon W. Newell, and James V. Dilley. Jan 78,62p
EPA/600/1-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1751
A method was developed for generating pesticide aer-
osols within the respirable particle size range of 0.3 to
3.0 micrometers. Analytical methods were established
for determining pesticide concentrations in chamber
air samples and in tissues. A unique chamber expo-
sure system was developed that permitted the simulta-
neous exposure of four different groups of rats to four
different concentrations of pesticide from a single gen-
eration source. Parathion, methyl parathion, Thimet,
Guthion, and Azodrin were administered to rats by the
oral, dermal, intravenous or inhalation routes, and the
LDSOs or LCSOs were compared. Inhalation was the
most toxic route of administration, followed by the in-
travenous, oral, and then dermal routes. Females were
more sensitive than males to parathion and Thimet by
all routes of administration. Azodrin was more toxic to
females by the intravenous and oral routes, and Guth-
ion was more toxic to females by dermal application.
No correlation was found between mortality and cho-
llnesterase inhibition or blood or liver pesticide con-
tent. No gross or histopathological lesions were Identi-
fied that could be attributed to pesticide treatment.
Timed-pregnant rats were exposed to vapors/aerosols
of chloroform, ethylene thiourea, Thimet, Bromacil,
and Slmazine for 1 to 3 hours daily on days 7 through
14 of gestation. No dose-related terata were found In
any of the studies.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Congenital abnormalities,
'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Aerosol generators, Aero-
sols, Concentration(Composltion), Test chambers, Ex-
posure, Rats, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Females,
Males, Lethal dosage, Pregnancy, Embryology,
Ingestlon(Biology), ChoKnesterase, Toxicity, Pathol-
ogy, Experimental data, 'Teratology, Inhalation, Fe-
tuses, Parathion, Intravenous Injections, Topical ad-
ministration, Azinphosmethyl, Phorate.
PB-277 086/5 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Precipitation Chemistry of Magnesium Sulflte Hy-
drstes In Magnesium Oxide Scrubbing. Final task
rept. Jul 75-Dec 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Philip S. Lowell, Frank B. Meserole, and Terry B.
Parsons. Sep 77,377p EPA/600/7-77/109
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
The report gives results of laboratory studies defining
the precipitation chemistry of MgSOS hydrates. The re-
sults apply to the design of Mg-based scrubbing proc-
esses for S02 removal from combustion flue gas. In
Mg-based scrubbing processes, MgSO3 precipitates
as either trlhydrate or hexahydrate. The hydrate
formed depends on equipment design and operating
conditions. Theoretical prediction, verified experimen-
tally, indicated that MgSO3 trihydrate is the theromo-
dynamically stable hydrate formed at scrubbjng proc-
ess conditions. MgSO3 hexahydrate is formed as a
metastable solid due to kinetic phenomena. Nuclea-
tion and crystal growth rates are much faster for hexa-
hydrate than for trihydrate. The time scales observed
in kinetic experiments at scrubbing process conditions
are: hexahydrate precipitation (10Ts of minutes), hexa-
hydrate dissolution and trihydrate precipitation (100's
of minutes), and attainment of trihydrate equilibrium
(1000's of minutes). Nucleatlon plays a dominant role
in the formation of trihydrate solids. These results indi-
cate that Mg-based scrubbing process can be de-
signed to precipitate a majority of either hydrate form.
Important design variables include scrubbing liquor
composition and temperature, seed crystal composi-
tion, slurry volume, equipment residence times, and
energy inputs to the slurry that influence nucleation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Scrubbers,
'Precipitation(Chemistry), Sulfur dioxide, Magnesium
inorganic compounds, Hydrates, Design criteria, Nu-
cleation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Technology, Flue gases, 'Magnesium oxide scrub-
bing, 'Magnesium sulfite hydrates, Wet methods.
PB-277 087/3 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Overview of Texas Lignite Devel-
opment. Final task rept. Mar-Nov 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
D. Harner, K. Holland, S. James, J. Lacy, and J.
Norton. Jan 78,227p EPA/600/7-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of an investigation of possible
effects of the development of Texas lignite, forecast to
the year 2000 and based on a 10- to 20-fold increase
of lignite utilization over 1976 levels. Lignite, a low-
grade coal, is projected to provide an energy resource
estimated to exceed proven oil and gas reserves of the
State of Texas. Development of this resource will
induce some major ecological, social, and economic
effects throughout the entire Gulf Coast region. Sec-
ondary attention is given to effects in the other Gulf
Coast states. Particular attention Is paid to possible so-
clocultural impacts of development to largely rural
communities, air and water quality problems, land use
and reclamation practices, and plant siting procedures
to lessen adverse effects of mine-mouth energy con-
version facilities (lignite is unsuitable for long distance
transport). Recommendations are offered for im-
proved state/Federal standard setting, improved fore-
casting and data collection, and for a regional technol-
ogy assessment of lignite development in the Gulf
Coast states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Missis-
sippi, and Texas.
Keywords: 'Lignite, 'Mining, 'Environmental Impacts,
'Forecasting, Management planning, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Land use, Economic analysis, Ecol-
ogy, Energy resource development, Texas.
PB-277 088/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
SAM/IA: A Rapid Screening Method for Environ-
mental Assessment of Fossil Energy Process Ef-
fluents. Final task rept. Feb-Dec 77,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Dtv.
L. M. Schallt, and K. J. Wolfe. Fob 78,168p
AEROTHERM-TR-77-50, EPA/600/7-78/015
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
The report describes the simplest member of a se-
quence of Source Analysis Models (SAMs) of Increas-
ing complexity and thoroughness which can be used
as tools to help with one or more of five tasks involved
in the environmental assessment of energy and Indus-
trial processes. The tasks are: (1) ranking individual el-
fluent streams by the expected toxlclty of their dis-
charges; (2) establishing sampling priorities; (3) deter-
mining problem pollutants; (4) recommending best
multimedia control technology alternatives; and (5)
recommending control/disposal technology develop-
ment programs. This model, SAM/IA, is useful for rap-
idly screening each effluent stream from a specific
source: It is based on comparing effluent concentra-
tions with the set of Minimum Acute Toxicity Effluent
(MATE) criteria established by the EPA. The report ex-
plains the purposes of SAM/IA, the format used, and
the MATE criteria against which pollutants are gauged.
Several examples are included to illustrate specific
facets of the model and of the format.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Mathematical
models, Assessments, Fossil fuels, Toxicity, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid wastes, Tables(Data), In-
dustrial wastes, Fluidized bed processors, Boilers,
Coking, Byproducts, Glass Industry, SAM/IA model,
Source analysis models.
PB-277 089/9 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Mine Drainage Control from Metal Mines In a Sub-
alpine Environment - A Feasibility Study. Final
rept. Jun 73-Aug 77.
Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conserva-
tion, Helena. Engineering Bureau.
Nov 77,181p EPA/600/2-77/224
Grant EPA-S-802671
Investigations of the McLaren mine and mill areas and
the Glengary mine area in the vicinity of Cooke City,
Montana, were undertaken from July 1973 through
September 1975, to examine the acid mine drainage
(AMD) from these sources and determine the feasibil-
ity of rehabilitating these subalpine mining areas and
mill area. A biological study was conducted to deter-
mine the existing degraded biological conditions of
streams affected by AMD and the extent of reclama-
tion necessary to restore a viable fishery to the stream.
Reclamation proposed Includes recontouring and re-
vegetating land surfaces, sealing shafts In the mine
area, and isolating the tailings from Soda Butte Creek.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Land reclamation, Environmental Impacts, Tailings,
Mine waters, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Water anal-
ysis, Heavy metals, Effluents, Vegetation, Regulations,
Government policies, Gold, Sulfide minerals, Site sur-
veys, Geology, Hydrology, Bioassay, Fishes, Montana,
•Mine acid drainage, Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Mine wastes.
PB-277 090/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Survey of Cross-Basin Boat Traffic, Atchafalaya
Basin, Louisiana. Final rept.,
Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, La.
Johannes L. van Beek, and Benjamin Small. Aug 77,
37p EPA/600/3-77/090
Contract EPA-68-01-2299
For flood control and for the preservation and en-
hancement of environmental quality of overflow
swamp habitats, Introduction of sediment from the
Atchafalaya Basin Main Channel Into backwater areas
of the Atchafalaya Basin Floodway should be mini-
mized. This Introduction occurs mainly through diver-
sion of Main Channel discharge into the old Atchafa-
laya River Channel and the four dredged and main-
tained cross-basin channels that function as distribu-
taries. Therefore, reduction of sedimentation requires
structural control over the volume of flow diverted. A
boat-traffic survey was conducted to evaluate the
need for control structures with regard to navigational
use of the West and East Freshwater Distribution
Channels and the West and East Access Channels.
The survey shows that the highest number of traffic
occurrences relates to recreation and involves only
small boats. The second most frequent usage Is for
commercial fishing with use of the East Access Chan-
nel being heaviest. Usage by the oil and gas extraction
industry ranks third. Survey data suggest that only oll-
and gas-related traffic requires, at low river stage, the
channel dimensions presently maintained. In order of
Importance to navigation, the East and West Access
Channels rank highest. The East Freshwater Distribu-
tion Channel has by far the least number of traffic oc-
currences.
Keywords: 'Water traffic, 'Boats, 'Atchafalaya Basin,
'Sediment transport, 'River basin development. Sur-
veys, Recreation, Fishing, Petroleum Industry, Gas In-
dustry, ChannelsfWaterways), Channel stabilization,
December 1983 329
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Channel improvements, Swamps, Water resources,
Natural resources, Flood control, Louisiana.
PB-277 091/5 PC A04/MF A01
Procedures for Measuring Cough (Gill Purge)
Rate* of Fleh. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert A. Drummond, and Richard W. Carlson. Dec
77,56p EPA/600/3-77/133
The cough (gill purge) is an interruption in the normal
ventllatory cycle of fish that serves to clean the gills of
accumulated paniculate matter. A review of the litera-
ture shows that the cough occurs in a variety of fresh-
water and marine fish; that both mechanical and
chemical stimulation apparently can cause fish to in-
crease their cough rates; and that an increase in
coughing is a rapid and sensitive endpoint for studying
chemicals and effluents. In reviewing the test methods
and apparatus for measuring cough rates of fish, the
authors conclude the electrode chamber method
offers more potential as a bioassay tool for assessing
the respiratory responses of fish due to toxicant expo-
sure. Recommended test procedures, for using the
electrode chamber method are given.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Cough, Tests, Measurement,
Rates(Per time), Respiration, Responses, Pressure
sensors, Electrodes, Test chambers, Exposure,
Metals, Pesticides, Effluents, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Stress(Physiology), Toxi-
cology, Toxic substances, Particulates, 'Water pollu-
tion effects( Animals).
PB-277 092/3 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Nitrate Removal from Water Supplies by Ion Ex-
change - Executive Summary- Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Dennis A. Clifford, and Walter J. Weber, Jr. Nov 77,
52p EPA/600/8-77/015
Grant EPA-R-80389B
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-253 791.
Anion exchange using synthetic organic resins is a
proven and practical technology for the removal of ni-
trate from water supplies. However, disposal of the
spent regenerant brime solution containing nitrate is a
potential problem. Two processes were examined in
detail In this report-slngle-bed strong-base anion ex-
change with NaCI regeneration and two-bed strong-
acid, weak-base ion exchange with HCI and NH40H
regeneration. Both systems must be operated to ni-
trate breakthrough to minimize regeneration costs.
The two-bed process is one and one-half to two times
as expensive to build and operate as is the single-bed
process, but produces softened low-TDS, low-nitrate
water, and has a readily disposable, spent regenerant
with fertilizer value. Important design considerations
were found to include the nitrate and sulfate concen-
trations in the raw water, the service flow rate, the
resin bed depth, and the nitrate/chloride selectivity of
the resin. The sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and bicarbon-
ate selectivities and multicomponent column behavior
of the anion resins available from U.S. manufacturers
were examined and are reported in detail. An impor-
tant peripheral finding was that significant quantities of
nonvolatile organics were leached from 'clean' resins
Into the treated water.
Keywords: 'Inorganic nitrates, "ion exchange resins,
•Water treatment, 'Water pollution control. Potable
water, Anions, Technology, Cost analysis, Fertilizers,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria.
PB-277 120/2 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Land Application of Wastewater and State Water
Law: An Overview (Volume I). Final rept. 30 Jun 75-
30 Sep 77,
Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C.
Donald W. Large. Nov 77, 71 p* EPA/600/2-77/232
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ., Madi-
son. Law School.
This research project was undertaken with the overall
objective of analyzing state water rights law in order to
determine its possible impact on systems of land appli-
cation of wastewater. It was determined that most
states do not have regulations specifically controlling
land application of wastewater, and that an analysis
would have to be undertaken of basic state water law
principles which, for the most part, have been devel-
oped with entirely different uses of water in mind.
There is a basic distinction between the 'riparian'
states of the East, which emphasize the right of each
riparian landowner along a watercourse to the use of
the water, and the 'appropriation' states of the West,
which emphasize that the right inures to the prior user
of the water. For the most part, state water rights law
was found to contain enough flexibility, through its em-
phasis dh encouraging 'reasonable' uses of water, to
enable land application systems to operate free from
legal uncertainty.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewage
disposal, 'Water law, Waste water, Surface waters,
Water flow, Water rights, Government policies, State
government, Ground water, Wat jr distribution, Alloca-
tions, 'Land application, Sewage irrigation.
PB-277 131/9 CP T03
New York City Air Pollution Project of 1964-1969.
Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert D. Bornstein, George Holzworth, and Dale
Coventry. 1969, mag tape ESRL-RTP-147, EPA/DF-
77/006
Prepared in cooperation with San Jose State Univ.,
Calif. Dept. of Meteorology.
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB-277 132 and PB-277 133.
This data file contains various data collected during
three test periods of the New York City Air Pollution
Project of 1964-1969. The data include: (1) emission
rates of sulfur dioxide, heat, and moisture; (2) sulfur
dioxide concentrations measured from fixed stations
and from automotive platforms; and (3) vertical profiles
of sulfur concentrations and air temperature measured
from helicopters.
Keywords: 'Data file, *Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Fortran, Magnetic tapes, Aerial surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric motion,
New York, 'New York City(New York), 'Air pollution
sampling, UNIVAC-1110 computers.
PB-277 132/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
New York Air Pollution Project of 1964-1969.
Volume I. Description of Data. Final rept. Apr 74-
Sep 76,
San Jose State Univ., Calif. Dept. of Meteorology.
Robert D. Bornstein, Tim Morgan, Yam-Tong Tam, Tim
Loose, and Ken Leap. Aug 77,146p EPA/600/4-77/
035a
Contract EPA-68-02-1284
For data file on magnetic tape, see PB-277 131. See
also Volume 2, PB-277 133.
Volume I documents the meteorological and sulfur
dioxide data collected during three test periods of the
New York City Air Pollution Project of 1964-1969. A de-
tailed description of all the data is presented in Volume
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Fossil fuels, Sources, Wind(Meteorology), Sampling,
Concentration(Composltlon), Sites, Atmospheric
motion. New York, 'New York City(New York), Point
sources, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-277 133/5 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
New York City Air Pollution Protect of 1964-1969,
Volume II. Data. Final rept. Apr 74-Sep 76,
San Jose State Univ., Calif. Dept. of Meteorology.
Robert D. Bornstein, Tim Morgan, Yam-Tong Tam, Tim
Loose, and Ken Leap. Aug 77,221 p EPA/600/4-77/
035b
Contract EPA-68-02-1284
For data file on magnetic tape, see PB-277 131. See
also Volume 1, PB-277132.
Volume II presents certain data collected during three
test periods of the New York City Air Pollution Project
of 1964-1969. The data include: (1) emission rates of
sulfur dioxide, heat, and moisture; (2) sulfur dioxide
concentrations measured from fixed stations and from
automotive platforms; and (3) vertical profiles of sulfur
dioxide concentrations and air temperature measured
from helicopters. The remaining data, maps of airflow
and sulfur dioxide concentrations on microfilm, and a
magnetic tape listing of pibal observations are availa-
ble from the National Technical Information Service.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Exhaust emissions, Tables(Data),
Aerial surveys, Atmospheric motion, New York, 'New
York City(New York).
PB-277 134/3 35mm microfilm $8.00
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
New York Air Pollution Project of 1966-1969: The
Data,
San Jose State Univ., Calif. Dept. of Meteorology.
Robert D. Bornstein. Apr 75,1 35mm microfilm reel
Contract EPA-68-02-1284
For data file on magnetic tape, see PB-277 131. See
also Volume 1, PB-277 132 and Volume 2, PB-277
133.
Contents: 264 Mesoscale Surface Wind Analyses
(streamlines and isotochs); and, 132 Mesoscale Sur-
face SO2 - Concentration Analyses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Wind(Meteorology), Industrial wastes, Exhaust emis-
sions, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric motion,
New York, 'New York City(New York).
PB-277 135/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Methanol/Gasollne Blends aa
Automotive Fuel - Performance and Emissions
Characteristics,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, Fla. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
R. R. Adt, Jr., K. A. Chester, C. N. Kurucz, J. Pappas,
and S. Rajan. Jul 77,204p EPA/460/3-77/012a
Grant EPA-R-803401-01-3
Recent concern about environmental problems and
the eventual shortage of conventional petroleum-
based fuels coupled with the potential of obtaining
methyl alcohol (methanol) as a product of coal gasifi-
cation has brought about a recent interest in the use of
methanol as a fuel. In order to assess the feasibility of
using methanol as a motor vehicle fuel, either alone
(neat) or as a blend in gasoline-type base stocks, its
performance, emissions and practical use characteris-
tics must be ascertained. To this end the authors and
their colleagues are conducting a series of experi-
ments which will determine methanol blend-fueled
engine characteristics information. This report con-
tains some of the results obtained to date. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Gasoline, 'Automobile
fuels, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Performance
evaluation, Tests, Tables(Data), Coal gasification,
Blends, Computer programs, Fortran, Air fuel ratio.
PB-277 147/5 PC A02/MF A01
Advanced Treatment Approaches for Metal Fin-
ishing Waatewaters. Part I. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J.
Herbert S. Skovronek, and Mary K. Stinson. 1977,10p
EPA/600/J-77/0568
Pub. in Plating and Surface Finishing, p30-38, Oct 77.
EPA has been involved for several years in developing
and demonstrating methods for the control, recycle,
and destruction of water pollutants generated in the
electroplating and related industries. This paper exam-
ines a number of the newer technologies, describes
applications in which EPA's R&D program has been in-
volved and presents cost figures generated as the
result of these studies. All EPA projects are referenced
so that the reader can pursue those of particular Inter-
est in greater detail.
330 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Metal finishing, 'Water
pollution control, 'Industrial waste treatment, Materi-
als recovery, Cyanides, Chromium, Heavy metals, Oxi-
dation, Ion exchanging, Evaporation,
Precipitatlon(Chemistry), Fluoroborio acid, Carbon, Ad-
sorption, Xanthates, Process charting, Reviews, Cost
estimates, Reprints.
PB-277 148/3
PC A02/MF A01
Advanced Treatment Approaches for Metal Fin-
ishing Wastewaters. Part II. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati.
Edison, N.J.
Herbert S. Skovronek, and Mary K. Stinson. 1977,7p
EPA/600/ J-77/056b
Pub. in Plating and Surface Finishing, p24-31 Nov 77.
EPA has been Involved for several years In developing
and demonstrating methods for the control, recycling,
and destruction of water pollutants generated in the
electroplating and related industries. This paper exam-
ines a number of the newer technologies, describes
applications in which EPA's R&D program has been in-
volved, and presents cost figures generated as the
result of these studies. All EPA projects are referenced
so that the reader can pursue those of particular inter-
est in greater detail.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Water pollution control,
'Metal finishing, Industrial wastes, Materials recovery,
Operating costs, Cost analysis, Reverse osmosis,
Membranes, Capitalized costs, Freezing, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, Heavy metals.
PB-277 149/1 PC A02/MF A01
Organic Contaminants - Lake Huron,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. E. Glass, W. M. I. Strachan, W. A. Willford, F. A. t.
Armstrong, and K. L. E. Kaiser. 1977,20p EPA/600/J-
77/063
Pub. in The Waters of Lake Huron and Lake Superior,
v2 PtB, Lake Huron, Georgian Bay, and the North
Channel; ch6.4 p577-590,667-6701977, Report to the
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario) by Upper Lakes Reference
Group ol Working Group C.
The report discusses the following topics: Review of
Potential Problems; Specific Contaminants~(Polychlo-
rinated Biphenyls, DDT and its Metabolites, Aldrin plus
Dieldrin, Hexachlorobenzene, Lindane, Chlordane,
Methoxychlor, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Chlorobenzene Compounds, Phenols, Phthalate
Esters, Chloronorbornene, Octachlorostyrene, Methyl-
benzothiopene, Biphenyl, Endosulfan, Cyanide, Hep-
tachlor Epoxide, and Other Organic Constituents); Dis-
cussion-Persistent Organic Contaminants, Taste and
Odour Compounds.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Lake Huron, Chlor-
obenzenes, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Phen-
ols, Water pollution, Water analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Odors, Chlorine organic compounds, Cyanides,
Chlordan, Dieldrin, Aldrin, Pesticides, DDT,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Sediments, Limnology,
Sources, Phthalates, Norbornenes, Biphenyls, Bro-
mine organic compounds, Fishes, Reprints, 'Water
pollution detection, Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDD in-
secticide, DDE insecticide, Blphenyl/hexabromo, En-
dosulfan, Heptachlor epoxide, Benzene/hexachloro,
Lindane, Methoxychlor, Styrene/octachloro, Benzoth-
iophene/methyl, Water pollution effect(Animals).
PB-277 150/9 Not available NTIS
Toxlclty and Bloconcentratlon of BHC and Lin-
dan* In Selected Estuarlne Animals. Final journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
S. Schimmel, J. M. Patrick, and J. Forester. 18 Jan 77,
8p EPA/600/J-77/070, CONTRIB-288
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v6 p355-363 1977.
Flow-through, 96-hr bioassays were conducted to de-
termine the acute toxicity of technical BHC and lindane
to several estuarine animals. Test animals and their re-
spective 96-hr lindane LC50 values were: mysid (Mysl-
dopsis bahia), 6.3 micrograms/L; pink shrimp (Pen-
aeus duorarum), 0.17 mlcrograms/L; grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio), 4.4 mlcrograms/L; sheepshead
minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), 104 mlcrograms/L;
and pinflsh (Lagodon rhomboldes), 30.6 micrograms/
L. The 86-hr LC50 values for pink shrimp and pinflsh
exposed to BHC were 0.34 and 86.4 micrograms/L, re-
spectively. Two BHC bioconcentration studies were
conducted with the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and
pinfish. After 28 days exposure, oysters bioconcentrat-
ed an average of 218 X the BHC measured In expo-
sure water, while pinfish bloconcentrated 130 X in their
edible tissues and 617 X in offal. After one week in
BHC-free sea water, no detectable residues were
measured in oysters or pinfish. (Copyright (c) Springer-
Verlag New York Inc. 1977.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides,
"Shrimps, 'Oysters, Crustacea, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Estuaries, Bioassay, Toxicology, Lethal
dosage, Aquatic animals, Chlorobenzenes, Exposure,
Absorption(Biology), Penaeus duorarum, Bioaccumu-
lation, 'Lindane, Toxic substances, Mysidopsls bahla,
Palaemonetes pugio, Cyprinodon variegatus, Lagodon
rhomboldes, Crassostrea virginica, Pesticide residues,
'Benzene/hexachloro, 'Water pollution
erfects(Animals), Reprints.
PB-277 153/3 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Malathlon on Microorganisms of an Ar-
tificial SaH-Marsh Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
A. W. Bourquir. 1977,9p EPA/600/J-77/065,
CONTRIB-312
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v6 n4 p373-378
1977.
Laboratory salt-marsh environments were treated with
malathion, an organophosphate insectide, and aerobic
heterotrophic bacteria were monitored to determine
changes in their microbial ecology. Several physiologi-
cal activities were assayed in both treated and untreat-
ed controls; however, no reliable trends in numbers of
these microorganisms were detected. Populations of
malathion sole-carbon-degrading bacteria increased
significantly with increasing treatment levels and in the
sediments with repeated treatment. Malathion come-
tabolizing bacteria Increased significantly over the con-
trol systems in the water column with increasing treat-
ment levels. Although numbers of malathion-degrad-
ing bacteria increased with higher treatment levels or
frequency of treatment, these changes had no effect
on the total numbers of bacteria from the water or sedi-
ment. When an organochlorine insecticide, mirex, was
used to treat the ecosystems, essentially no changes
in the bacterial populations were detected.
Keywords: 'Marine microorganisms, 'Malathion,
•Pesticides, 'Marshes, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
Bioassay, Phosphorus organic compounds, Bacteria,
Degradation, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Metabo-
lism, Chlorine organic compounds, Sediments, Abun-
dance, Laboratories, Monitoring, Reprints, Salt
marshes, 'Mirex, 'Kepone, Methanocyclobuta (cd)
pentalenes, Water pollution etfects(Anlmals).
PB-277 154/1 Not available NTIS
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Development of
Estuarlne Communities. Finaljournal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Marlin E. Tagatz, Joel M. Ivey, and Michael Tobia. 3
May 77,6p EPA/600/J-77/069, CONTRIB-310
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v3p501-5061977.
Pentachlorophenol affected the composition of com-
munities of estuarine organisms developed in sand
from planktonic larvae in estuarine water that flowed
through ten control aquaria and ten aquaria per expo-
sure concentration, averaging 7, 76, or 622 micro-
grams/liter. Annelids, arthropods, and mollusks were
the numerically dominant phyla when animals were
collected In a 1-mm-mesh sieve after 9 wk of expo-
sure. Mollusks were markedly fewer at 7 micrograms/
liter; annelids and arthropods at 76 micrograms/liter.
Almost no animals occurred at 622 micrograms/liter.
The total numbers of individuals and species were sig-
nificantly less (alpha = 0.01) in aquaria exposed to 76
micrograms/liter than in those unexposed or exposed
to 7 micrograms/liter. (Copyright (c) 1977 by Journal of
Toxicology and Environmental Health.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Toxicity, 'Phenols,
'Water pollution, Chlorine organic compounds, Expo-
sure, ConcentrationjComposition), Sediments, Anne-
lida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Abun-
dance, 'Phenol/pentachloro, Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB-277 155/8 Not available NTIS
Effects and Uptake of Chlorinated Naphthalenes
In Marine Unicellular Algae. Final rapt.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gerald E. Walsh, Karen A. Ainsworth, and Linda Faas.
1977,8p EPA/600/J-77/068, PUB-302
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v18 n3 p297-302 1977.
Chlorinated naphthalenes (chloronaphthalenes) com-
prise a group of compounds used for a variety of Indus-
trial purposes such as oil additives for cleaning sludge
and petroleum deposits from engines, impregnating
automobile capacitors, and electroplating stoporf com-
pounds. This paper describes studies on effects and
uptake of three commercial mixtures of chlorinated
naphthalenes in marine unicellular algae.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Toxicity, 'Cycloalkane hydrocar-
bons, 'Water pollution, Sea water, Exposure, Mixtures,
Plant growth, Residues, Gas chromatography, Re-
prints, Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB-277 156/6 Not available NTIS
Uptake and Toxlclty of Toxaphene In Several Es-
tuarlne Organisms. Final journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Steven C. Schimmel, James M. Patrick, Jr., and Jerrold
Forester. 10 Apr 76,17p EPA/600/J-77/066,
CONTRIB-269
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 p353-367 1977.
The organochlorine insecticide, toxaphene, was tested
in flow-through bioassays to evaluate its toxicity to es-
tuarine organisms. The organisms tested and their re-
spective 96-hr LCSOs (based on measured concentra-
tions) are: pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), 1.4 micro-
grams/L; grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), 4.4 mi-
crograms/L; sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon varie-
gatus), 1.1 micrograms/L; and pinfish (Lagodon rhom-
boides), 0.5 micrograms/L. Toxaphene concentration
estimated to reduce shell deposition in American oys-
ters (Crassostrea virginica) by 50% (EC50) was 16 ml-
crograms/L. Concentration factors (concentration of
toxaphene in tissues divided by concentration meas-
ured in water) for fishes and oysters in 96 hr ranged
from 3,100 to 20,600 and for shrimp, from 400 to
1,200. Individuals from various ontogenetic stages of
longnose killifish (Fundulus similis) were exposed to
toxaphene for 28 days in flow-through bioassays. Tox-
aphene was toxic to embryos, iry, juveniles, and adult
fish, but fertilization of ova in static tests was not af-
fected by the concentrations tested (0.32 to 10 mlcro-
grams/L). The 28-day measured LCSOs for all stages
ranged from 0.9 to 1.4 micrograms/L. Toxaphene was
accumulated in ova and other body tissues of the long-
nose killifish; concentration factors in ova were 1,000
to 5,500, and in whole-body tissues, 4,200 to 60,000.
(Copyright (c) 1977 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: *Toxicity, 'Insecticides, "Shrimps, 'Fishes,
'Oysters, 'Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Bioassay, Estuaries, Life cycles, Lethal dosage, Aquat-
ic animals, Concentration(Composition),
Tissues(Biology), Fertilizing, Toxicology, Water pollu-
tion, TablesfData), Minnows, Experimental data,
Larvae, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Reprints,
'Toxaphene, 'Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances,
Penaeus duorarum, Cyprinodon variegatus, Crassos-
trea virginica, Fundulus similus, Pesticide residues, Pa-
laemonetes pugio, Lagodon rhomboides.
PB-277 157/4 PC A02/MF A01
Biology of the Percids. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello,
Minn.
Bruce B. Collette, M. A. All, K. E. F. Hokanson, Maria
Nagiec, and S. A. Smirnov. 19 May 77,13p EPA/600/
J-77/062
Part of the Proceedings of the PERCIS International
Symposium held at Quetico Centre, Ontario, 24 Sep-5
Oct 76. Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v34 p1890-1899 1977.
The structure, origin, and spread of the family Percidae
are reviewed briefly, and its characteristics compared
with those of other families of freshwater fishes. It is
suggested that the percids, essentially riverine, have
been restricted In their success in North America by
the presence of the Centrachidae. Percids are defined
as temperate mesothermal fish, and this physiological
characteristic together with osmoregulatory capacity
December 1983 331
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and swimming performance is shown to limit the
ranges of the perches. The degree of development of
the tapetum lucidum in Stizostedion ssp. and of the lat-
eral line in all percids is related to differences in pat-
tern of development, feeding behavior, and habitat.
Reproductive, feeding and migratory behavior are also
reviewed.
Keywords: *Fishes, Fresh water fishes, Distribution,
Characteristics, Comparison, Reproduction(Biology),
Feeding habits, Anatomy, Taxonomy, Migrations, Cen-
tral nervous system, Visual acuity,
Evplution(Development), Stizostedion, 'Percidae,
Swim bladders, Lateral line organs, Osmoregulation,
Centrachidae, Reprints.
PB-277 158/2 PC A02/MF A01
The Accumulation and Depuration of No. 2 Fuel
Oil by the Soft Shell Clam, 'Mya arenarla L.' Jour-
nal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
Dennis M. Stainken. 1976,13p EPA/600/J-76/076
Pub. in Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in
Marine Ecosystems and Organisms, ch32, Proceed-
ings of Symposium held in Seattle, Wash. 10-12 Nov
761976.
Young soft shell clams, Mya arenaria, were exposed to
subacute concentrations of No. 2 fuel oil-in-water
emulsions under simulated winter (4 C) spill conditions.
A pattern of accumulation and discharge of petroleum
constituents, an experimental depuration time (biologi-
cal half life, TB50), and a potential transport mecha-
nism of aromatic compounds from the fuel oil to the
clams were experimentally determined. The clams
were exposed to single dose concentrations of 10, 50,
and 100 ppm of No. 2 fuel oil-in-water emulsions for 28
days. Clams accumulated the greatest amount of hy-
drocarbons within one week of the initial exposure.
The accumulated hydrocarbons decreased each week
as the hydrocarbon content of the water decreased.
Mass spectrometric analysis determined that the prin-
ciple compounds accumulated and retained after 3
weeks of oil exposure were monomethyl, dimethyl and
trimethylnaphthalene isomers. Depletion of oil from
the water column and accumulation and discharge of
fuel oil constituents appeared to involve a mucus-oil
complex formation by the clam. During the depuration
period, accumulated hydrocarbons were rapidly, al-
though incompletely, discharged. At the end of the de-
puration period, many of the hydrocarbons present in
the clam were dimethyl and trimethylnaphthalene iso-
mers. The biological half lifes calculated were: 10 ppm
(50 days); 50 ppm (11 days); 100 ppm (13.5 days).
Keywords: *Clams, 'Fuel oil, "Hydrocarbons, Naph-
thalene compounds, Shellfish, Invertebrates, Pelecy-
poda, Bioassay, Concentration(Composition), Expo-
sure, Oils, Petroleum products, Dosage, Experimental
data, Water pollution, Reprints, Bioaccumulation, "Oil
pollution, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Depura-
tion, Mya arenaria, Naphthalene/methyl, Naphtha-
lene/dimethyl, Naphthalene/trimethyl.
PB-277 159/0 Not available NTIS
Singlet Oxygen In Natural Waters. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Richard G. Zepp, N. Lee Wolfe, George L. Baughman,
and Riginald C. Hollis. 12 Apr 77,2p EPA/600/J-77/
064
Pub. in Nature, v267 n5610 p421-423,2 Jun 77.
Singlet oxygen is a reactive, electronically excited form
of molecular oxygen that rapidly oxidizes a wide variety
of organic substances, such as the polycyclic aromat-
ics in petroleum hydrocarbon and the amino acids, his-
tidine, tryptophan, and methionine. Studies of water
samples collected from different types of natural
waters in the southeastern United States indicated
that singlet oxygen is generated efficiently by transfer
of solar energy absorbed by the substances in the
water to dissolved oxygen. The singlet oxygen, a short-
lived species, was chemically trapped by 2,5-dimethyl-
furan (DMF) that was added to the water samples. In
all of the samples, exposure to sunlight transformed
DMF to cis-diacetylethylene, a known product of the
oxidation of DMF by singlet oxygen. No transformation
of DMF occurred in dark controls or in distilled water
exposed to sunlight. By employing DMF to monitor for-
mation of singlet oxygen, quantum efficiencies for
singlet oxygen formation were found to range from
0.010 to 0.093 with an average of 0.043 + or-0.019in
water samples taken from 11 inland and coastal water
bodies. Singlet oxygen was formed most efficiently in a
water sample obtained from a highly polluted stretch of
the Mississippi River near a large oil refinery. (Copy-
right (c) Macmillan Journals Ltd., 1977.)
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Water analysis, 'Surface water,
Oxidizers, Organic compounds, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Petroleum products, Hydrocarbons,
Molecular energy levels, Reaction kinetics, Water pol-
lution, Photochemistry, Samples, Okefenokee Swamp,
Florida, Furan/dimethyl, Reprints.
PB-277 160/8 Not available NTIS
Endrln: Effects on the Entire Life Cycle of a
Saltwater Fish 'Cyprinodon w.rlegatus'. Final jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
David J. Hansen, Steven C. Schimmel, and Alfred J.
Wilson, Jr. 14 Jul 77,13p EPA/600/J-77/067,
CONTRIB-333
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
V3p721-733 1977.
The sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) was
continupusly exposed for 23 wk to the organochlorine
insecticide endrin, from the embryonic stage through
hatching until adulthood and spawning. The resultant
progeny were monitored to determine the effects of
the toxicant on their survival, growth, and reproduction.
Average measured exposure concentrations were O
(control), 0.027, 0.077, 0.12, 0.31, and 0.72 micro-
grams/liter. Embryos exposed to 0.31 and 0.72 micro-
grams/liter hatched early; all fry exposed to 0.72 mi-
crograms/liter died by day 9 of exposure. At 0.31 mi-
crogranrts/liter, fry were initially stunted and some died.
Survivors seemed unaffected until maturity, when
some females died during spawning; fewer eggs were
fertile and survival of exposed progeny decreased. No
significant effects were observed throughout this fish's
life cycle at an exposure concentration of 0.12 micro-
grams/liter. Four-week-old juvenile fish accumulated
2,500 times the concentration of endrin in the expo-
sure water, adults, 6,400 times; and their eggs, 5,700
times. The specific application factor (calculated by di-
viding the limits on the maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration, >0.12 and <0.31 micrograms/liter, by
the concentration lethal to 50% of the juvenile fish in
96 hr, 0.34 micrograms/liter) ranged from 0.35 to 0.91.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Minnows, 'Endrin, 'Insecti-
cides, 'Pesticides, Lethal dosage, Chemical analysis,
Exposure, Fishes, Chlorine organic compounds, Bio-
assay, Concentration(Composition), Larvae, Life
cycles, Aquatic biology, Survival,
Reproduction(Biology), Growth, Estuaries, Histology,
Pathology, Tables(Data), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Reprints, 'Cyprinodon variegatus,
'Toxic substances, Dimethanonaphthalenes, Bioaccu-
mulation, Pesticide residues.
PB-277 161/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Method
for Nondeslgnated 208 Areas,
TetraTech, Inc., Lafayette, Calif.
Stanley W. Zison, Kendall F. Haven, and William B.
Mills. Aug 77,1217p* EPA/600/9-77/023
Grant EPA-R-804450
The objective of this study is to develop a methodology
for the preliminary screening of surface water quality
applicable for use by nondesignated 208 planning
agencies. Analytical methods are included for the as-
sessment of rivers, impoundments, and estuaries. Ad-
ditionally, methods are provided by which point and
nonpoint sources can be evaluated. The water quality
parameters analyzed for all three water body types are
biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, tem-
perature, and sediment accumulation. Other constitu-
ents, more pertinent to a particular water body type,
are also addressed. The analyses are designed to be
performed with, at most, the assistance of a desk top
calculator and with a minimal amount of data input.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution, Measurement, Assessments, Rivers, Estu-
aries, Reservoirs, Lakes, Runoff, Thermal pollution,
Soil erosion, Sediments, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Salin-
ity, Bacteria, Biochemical oxygen demand. Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Turbidity, Temperature, Mathemat-
ical prediction, Profiles, Mixing, Depth, Point sources,
Nonpoint sources, 'Organic loading, Return flow, Eu-
trophication.
PB-277 168/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Residence Time of Atmospheric Pollutants and
Long-Range Transport. Final rept. May 75-Apr 77,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Atmospher-
ic Science.
Teizi Henmi, Elmar R. Reiter, and Roger Edson. Jan
78,105p EPA/600/4-78/003
Grant EPA-803685
The Lagrangian trajectory model which is suitable for
the study of long-range transport of pollutants, is de-
veloped. The computer program is capable of calculat-
ing trajectories over the region of the U.S. using rou-
tine sounding data. The output consists of tables of lo-
cations of trajectory end points at each time-step, dis-
persion widths along a trajectory, and the plotting of
trajectories. The regional residence times, T, of SO2 in
the mixing layer are calculated for the region of the
United States east of 105 degrees W longitude, based
on climatological data of the mixing layer depth and
hourly precipitation data. The results are shown as iso-
pleths of T over the studied area for the cold season
(November to April) and for the warm season (May to
October). Taking detailed microphysical processes
into consideration, the scavenging due to cumulus
cloud precipitation is studied. The results can be sum-
marized as follows: The scavenging coefficient of aer-
osols by cloudwater droplets is one order of magnitude
larger in the continental cloud than in the maritime
cloud. On the other hand, the scavenging coefficient of
aerosols by rainwater droplets is slightly larger in mari-
time clouds than in continental clouds. As a whole,
aerosols are more efficiently scavenged in the conti-
nental cloud than in the maritime cloud.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric motion, Transport properties, Aerosols, Cu-
mulus clouds, Numerical analysis, Wind(Meteorology),
Eastern Region(United States).
PB-277 169/9 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Biological Effects of Manganese,
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst.
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Marko Saric. Jan 78,169p EPA/600/1-78/001
Grant SFCP-02-513-3
The biological effects of manganese were studied in a
town on the coast of Dalmatia in which a ferromangan-
ese plant has been operating since before World War
II. The study focused on the question of whether the
exposure to manganese can cause a higher incidence
of respiratory diseases and, if it can, at what exposure
levels. The study also considered the effects of man-
ganese on the central nervous system and on blood
pressure as well as a possible catalytic effect of dust
containing manganese on the conversion of sulfur
dioxide in the air. The results obtained show that the
rate of pneumonia is influenced by the exposure to
manganese at the level of occupational exposure in
the production of manganese alloys. During a 4-year
follow up a higher rate of acute bronchitis was record-
ed at an ambient exposure to manganese at a level of
one microgram per cubic meter. The study also indi-
cates that a higher rate of chronic nonspecific lung dis-
ease can be expected in occupational exposure at this
level.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Respiratory dis-
eases, 'Manganese, 'Ferromanganese, 'Dust,
Tables(Data), Measurement, Exposure,
Absorption(Biology), Industrial plants,
Concentration(Composition), Central nervous system,
Blood pressure, Occupational diseases, Pneumonia,
Industrial hygiene, Industrial atmospheres, Bronchitis,
Environmental surveys, Yugoslavia, Morbidity, Recom-
mendations, 'Toxic substances, Biological effects,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Occupational safety
and health, Environmental health,
Dalmatia(Yugoslavia), Cigarette smoking, Families.
PB-277 170/7 PC A04/MF A01
Viruses In Waste, Renovated, and Other Waters.
1976 Literature Abstracts,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, and F. Dianne White. Aug 77,56p* EPA/
600/9-77/028
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-245 957.
332 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography contains abstracts of published
papers for 1974 on viruses in water, waste water sys-
tems, and sewage. The abstracts cover the detection,
concentration, and removal of viruses from various
water sources.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies,
Microorganisms, Waste water, Sewage, Effluents,
Viral diseases, Waste treatment, Water quality, Pota-
ble water, Microbiology, 'Water pollution control.
PB-277 177/2 Not available NTIS
Suitability of Sheepshead Minnow* ('Cyprlnodon
varlegatiw') for Life-Cycle Toxlclty Tests. Final
journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
D. J. Hanson, and P. R. Parrish. 1977,11p EPA/600/J-
77/073
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation,
ASTM-STP-634, p117-126 1977. (American Society
for Testing and Materials).
Entire life-cycle toxicity tests are practical with sheeps-
head minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. This is the only
estuarine fish that has been utilized successfully in life-
cycle toxicity tests, using methods formulated only
since 1973. Salinity, temperature, and spawning re-
quirements were determined, and initial life-cycle tox-
icity tests with endrin were conducted at the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze (Florida)
Laboratory. Subsequent tests with heptachlor, carbo-
furan, methoxychlor, and malathion were conducted at
Gulf Breeze or at EG&G, Bionomics. All studies con-
firmed the feasibility of using this estuarine fish for de-
termining maximum acceptable toxicant concentra-
tions and application factors. Results of our tests also
corroborate data on application factors obtained in
studies completed elsewhere with freshwater fishes
and the same pesticides. (Copyright (c) American So-
ciety for Testing and Materials, 1977.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Minnows, 'Toxicity, 'Fishes,
'Insecticides, Toxicology, Tables(Data), Life cycles,
Estuaries, Concentration(Composition), Salinity, Tem-
perature, Endrin, Chlorine organic compounds, Hepta-
chlor, Carbamates, Malathion, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Aromatic
compounds, Indicator species, Exposure, Water pollu-
tion, Water analysis, Bioassay, Carbofuran, Reprints,
'Cyprinodon yanegatus, 'Toxic substances, Methox-
ychlor, Bioindicators, Animal models, 'Water pollution
detection, Laboratory tests.
PB-277 178/0 Not available NTIS
Acute Toxlclty and Bloconcantratlon of Endotul-
fan-ExpoMd Estuarins Animals. Final rept,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
S. C. Schimmel, J. M. Patrick, Jr., and A. J. Wilson.
1977,13p EPA/600/J-77/072
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation,
ASTM STP 634, p241 -2521977. (American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.).
Acute (96-h) flow-through toxicity tests with endosul-
fan (Thlodan) were conducted with several estuarine
animals. The test species and their 96-h lethal concen-
tration for SO percent of the organisms (LCSO) values
were: pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), 0.04 micro-
grams/litre; grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), 1.3
micrograms/litre; plnflsh (Lagodon rhomboides), 0.3
mlcrograms/litre; spot (Leioatomus xanthurus), 0.09
micrograms/litre; and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus),
0.38 micrograms/litre. In a 56-day bloconcentratlon
study (28-day uptake, 28-day depuration), striped
mullet were exposed to 0.008 and 0.08 micrograms
endoBulfan/litre seawater. The two endosulfan Iso-
mers (endosulfan I and II) were rapidly metabolized to
endosulfan sulfate; only trace amounts of each isomer
were detected In edible tissue or offal of mullet ex-
posed to 0.08 micrograms/litre (0.035 micrograms/
litre measured) for 28 days. Maximum bioconcentra-
tton factors of endosulfan were 2249 in edible tissue
and 2755 in whole-body analyses. After 48 h in pesti-
cide-free seawater, endosulfan was not detected In
the previously exposed mullet. The authors studies
suggest that endosulfan in the estuarine environment
would be a hazard because of Its acute toxicity and
bioconcentration potential, but animals surviving expo-
sure and moving to areas free of endosulfan would
lose the chemical rapidly. (Copyright (c) American So-
ciety for Testing and Materials, 1977.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Shrimps, 'Fishes,
Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Exposure,
Toxicology, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composltion), Estuaries, Experimental
data, Tissues(Biolpgy), Water analysis, Tables(Data),
Temperature, Salinity, Water pollution, Aquatic ani-
mals, Bioassay, 'Toxic substances, 'Bloaccumulatlon,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Endosulfan, Re-
prints, Penaeus duorarum, Palaemonetes pugio, Lago-
don rhomboides, Leiostomus xanthurus, Mugil cepha-
lus, Metabolites, Pesticide residues.
PB-277 179/8 Not available NTIS
'Mysldopsls bahla': An Estuarine Species Suitable
for Life-Cycle Toxlclty Tests to Determine Effects
of a Pollutant. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
D. R. Nimmo, L. H. Banner, R. A. Rigby, J. M.
Sheppard, and A. J. Wilson, Jr. 1977,9p EPA/600/J-
77/071
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation,
ASTM-STP-634, p109-116 1977. (American Society
for Testing and Materials).
This study documents the successful use of a mysid,
Mysidopsis bahia, for life-cycle toxicity tests. These
tests were conducted to determine acute and chronic
toxicities of metal (cadmium) and pesticide (Kepone).
Delay in the formation of mysid brood pouches and re-
lease of young were noted in low concentrations < or
= 6.4 micrograms cadmium/litre. Fewer young pro-
duced per female and decreased growth were other in-
dicators of effects of Kepone. (Copyright (c) American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1977.)
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Cad-
mium, Life cycles, Water pollution, Chlorine organic
compounds, Pesticides, Metals, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Indicator species, Ecol-
ogy, Tables(Data), Water analysis, Water pollution,
Toxicology, Bioassay, 'Kepone, 'Mysldopsis bahia,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Animal models,
Heavy metals, Bioindicators, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution detection, Mysids, Labora-
tory tests.
PB-277 180/6 Not available NTIS
Impairment of Antlpredator Behavior In 'Palae-
monetes pugio' by Exposure to Sublethal Doses
of Parathlon. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
James A. Farr. 1977, 5p EPA/600/J-77/076,
CONTRIB-306
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
, ety, v106 n3 p287-290, May 77.
Grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, when exposed to
sublethal concentrations of methyl or ethyl parathion,
become more susceptible to predation by gulf killlfish,
Fundulus grandie. An increase in spontaneous activity
renders them more easily detected by a predator, and
they fatigue more quickly when being pursued. Such
changes In a multi-prey community could result In al-
tered predator preferences and subsequently could
change community structure and trophic relationships.
(Copyright (c) by the American Fisheries Society,
1977.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Fishes,
•Shrimps, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, Nitro com-
pounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Sulfur or-
ganic compounds, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Animal behavior, Exposure, Sensitivity, Food chains,
Estuaries, Ecology, Reprints, Palaemonetes pugio,
Fundulus grandis, 'Parathton, Phosphorothioie acid/
0-O-(dlmeThyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-e8ter), Predation,
Species diversity, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-277 181/4 PC A02/MF A01
An Artificial Mlcroblal Ecosystem for Determining
Effects and Fate of Toxicants In a Salt-Marsh En-
vironment. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
A. W. Bourquin, M. A. Hood, and R. L. Garnets. 1977,
8p EPA/600/J-77/075, CONTRIB-309
Prepared in cooperation with University of West Flor-
ida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biology. Pub. In Development
in Industrial Microbiology, v18 cm 1 p185-1911977.
An artificial laboratory environment designed to deter-
mine microbial Interactions with pollutant chemicals Is
proposed. The system Is designed to obtain maximum
reproduclbility between replicates by dividing a single
tank into separate closed chambers. Radiolabeied
toxicants are added directly to the core-chambers and
monitored for metabolic breakdown. Further informa-
tion is obtained easily on changes in microbial, physio-
logical Indexes induced by the toxicants. Techniques
for monitoring effects on the methyl parathion on the
microbial population and the fate of this chemical are
given.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Pesticides, 'Marshes, Laboratories, Radioactive
isotopes, Isotopic labeling, Monitoring, Metabolism,
Bacteria, Phosphorus organic compounds, Sulfur or-
ganic compounds, Nitro compounds, Yeasts, Fungi,
Protozoa, Aquatic microbiology, 'Salt marshes,
•Methyl parathion, Phosphorothioie acid/O-0-(di-
methyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-277 182/2 PC A02/MF A01
Kepone-lnduced Scollosls and Its Hlstologlcal
Consequences In Fish. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
John Couch, James Winstead, and Larry Goodman. 13
Apr 77,4p EPA/600/J-77/077
Revision of report dated 8 Mar 77. Pub. in Science,
v197p585-587, 5Aug77.
Scoliosis in fish is caused by several diverse agents
that possibly act on the central nervous system, neuro-
muscular junctions, or ionic metabolism. The organ-
ochlorine pesticide Kepone induces scoliosis in the
Sheepshead minnow. Some effects associated with
Kepone-induced scoliosis in these fish are disruption
of myotomal patterns, inter- and intramuscular hemor-
rhage, fractured centra of vertebrae, and death. The
histological syndrome of Kepone poisoning in fish and
the clinical syndrome In humans suggest that the nerv-
ous system is a primary target for Kepone and that
scoliosis is a secondary effect of Kepone poisoning in
fish.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Scoliosis, 'Insecticides, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Toxicology, Toxic diseases, Chlorine organic
compounds, Minnows, Nervous system, Pathology,
Musculosketal disorders, Central nervous system, His-
tology, Aquatic animals, Experimental data, Reprints,
'Kepone, Laboratory tests.
PB-277 183/0 PC A02/MF A01
Kepone (Trademark) Bloconcentratlon, Accumu-
lation, Loss, and Transfer through Estuarine Food
Chains. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Lowell H. Bahner, Alfred J. Wilson, James M.
Sheppard, James M. Patrick, and Larry R. Goodman.
1977,11p EPA/600/J-77/074, CONTRIB-294
Pub. In Chesapeake Science, v18 n3 p299-308 Sep
Accumulation, transfer, and loss of Kepone in estuar-
ine organisms were studied In laboratory bioassays.
Kepone was bloconcentrated by oysters (Crassostrea
vlrglnica), myslds (Mysidopsis bahia), grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio), Sheepshead minnows (Cyprln-
odon variegatus), and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus),
from concentrations as low as 0.023 micrograms/l
seawater. Bloconcentratlon factors ranged from 10 to
340 in static exposures and 900 to 13,500 in flow-
through bioassays, and were dependent on species
and exposure duration. Depuration of Kepone from
oysters in Kepone-free water was rapid (35% loss in
24 hours); however, depuration of Kepone was slow in
crustaceans and fish, with tissue concentrations de-
creasing 30-50% in 24-28 days. Oysters, fed Chloro-
coccum containing approximately 34 micrograms
Kepone/g wet weight, attained 0.21 micrograms
Kepone/g (wet tissue) in 14 days, but when fed
Kepone-free plankton, depurated Kepone to below de-
tectable concentrations (<.02 micrograms/g) within
10 days. Spot obtained Kepone when fed live mysids
that had grazed on Kepone-laden brine shrimp.
Kepone residues (1.05 micrograms/g wet tissue) in
these fish approached the concentration of their food
(1.23 micrograms/g wet tissue); at the lower concen-
tration tested, Kepone concentrations below detection
limits (<.2 micrograms/g) in prey accumulated in the
predator to detectable concentrations (0.02 micro-
grams/g) within 30 days.
Keywords: 'Toxiclty, 'Insecticides, 'Shrimps, 'Oys-
ters, 'Fishes, 'Pesticides, 'Food chains, Aquatic ani-
mals, Ecology, Estuaries, Bioassay, Exposure, Plank-
ton, TIssuesfBiology), Chlorine organic compounds,
Transferring, Marine biology, Experimental data,
Tables(Data), Algae, Concentration(Composition),
December 1983 333
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Toxicology, 'Kepone, Reprints, Biqaccumulation,
Crassostrea virginica, Mysidopsis bahia, Palaemon-
etes pugio, Cyprmodon variegatus, Leiostomus xanth-
urus, 'Water pollution effects(Anirnals), Depuration,
'Toxic substances, Mysidae, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-277 185/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Removal of Wood-Derived Toxics from Pulping
and Bleaching Wastes. Final rept. 6 Aug 76-9 Nov
77,
Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wis.
Dwight B. Easty, LeRoy G. Borchardt, and Bette A.
Wabers. Feb 78,92p EPA/600/2-78/031
Grant EPA-R-803525-04
Wood-derived compounds known to possess toxicity
toward fish and to be present in pulp mill effluents in-
clude resin and unsaturated fatty acids, their chlorinat-
ed analogs, chlorinated guaiacols, and epoxystearic
acid. The objective of this investigation has been to
assess the extent to which these compounds are re-
moved from pulp mill effluents by different waste treat-
ment systems in use in several locations in the United
States. Effluents before and after treatment were col-
lected and submitted for determination of the com-
pounds of interest. Nearly all of the waste treatment
processes studied removed the toxic compounds ef-
fectively. Large reductions in concentrations of the
toxicants were observed following precipitation proc-
esses. Systems studied included lime precipitation and
tertiary treatments employing alum. Reverse osmosis
demonstrated essentially complete rejection of fatty
and resin acids. Performance of pilot ultrafiltration
units was either good or marginal, apparently depend-
ing upon the type of membrane used.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Water pollution control,
Industrial waste treatment, Toxicity, Resins, Fatty
acids, Chlorine organic compounds, Activated sludge,
Bleaching agents, Concentration(Composition), Chlo-
roform, Stability, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Water
analysis, Stearic acid/epoxy, Phenol/ mettioxy, 'Water
pollution detection.
PB-277 193/9 CP T06
UNAMAP (Version 3), User's Network for Applied
Modeling of Air Pollution. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Bruce Turner, Joan Novak, and Adrian Busse. 1 Jan
78, mag tape EPA/DF-78/005
Supersedes PB-229 771 and Rept. no. EPA/DF-74/
038,PB-240273.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products If you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-213 091, PB-
227 346, PB-239 944, PB-271 360, PB-274 040 and
PB-274 054.
The UNAMAP (Version 3) Tape contains eleven air
quality simulation models: APRAC, an urban model for
vehicle generated pollutants; CDM (Climatological Dis-
persion Model), an annual or seasonal urban model;
CDMOC, version of CDM with addition of source con-
tribution output; CHSTER, a model lor estimating maxi-
mum 24-hour concentrations during a one-year period
from a single rural plant; HIWAY, a short-term (one-
hour) near roadway model; PAL, a short-term multi-re-
ceptor model for multi-point area, and line sources:
PTMAX, and PTDIS, two short-term models for a
single source in open country; PTMTP, a short-term
model for multiple sources and receptors; VALLEY, a
model for estimating the upper limits of 24-hour con-
centrations from a single source In rural complex ter-
rain; RAM, a short-term urban model for point and area
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Urban
areas, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Sources,
Fortran, Magnetic tapes, 'Air quality, Point sources,
UNIVAC-1110 computers, APRAC model, CDM model,
CDMQC model, CRSTER model, HIWAY model, PAL
model, PTMAX model, PTDIS model, PTMTP model,
VALLEY model, RAM model.
PB-277 221/8 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Paniculate Technology Branch.
Participate Control Highlights: An Electrostatic
Preclpltator Performance Model. Final task rept.
Nov 76-Nov 77,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
J. McDonald, and L. Felix. Dec 77,17p SORI-EAS-77-
675, EPA/600/8-77/020b
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-246188.
The report describes a computerized mathematical
model that can be used to estimate the collection effi-
ciency of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) of different
designs, operating under various conditions. (ESPs are
widely used to control emissions of fly ash and other
dusts from industrial sources.) Mathematical expres-
sions based on theory are used to calculate electric
fie ids and dust particle charging rates. Empirical cor-
rections are made for non-ideal effects such as a non-
uniform gas velocity distribution. The model is expect-
ed to aid in improving ESP design and in selecting opti-
mum ESP operating conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Particles, 'Mathematical models,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Electric fields, Dust,
Numerical analysis, Electric corona.
PB-277 222/6 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Paniculate Technology Branch.
Paniculate Control Highlights: Advanced Con-
cepts In Electrostatic Precipitators: Particle
Charging. Final task rept. Nov 76-Nov 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
D. Pontius, and W. Smith. Dec 77,14p SORI-EAS-77-
676, EPA/600/8-77/020C
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-271 727.
The report gives highlights of an EPA research pro-
gram aimed at developing and verifying an accurate
theory of particle charging for conditions that are typi-
cally found in industrial electrostatic precipitators. A
new theory was developed, in which the thermal
motion of Ions is assumed to dominate the charging
process. The theory was shown to agree to within 15
percent of published experimental data. To further
verify the new theory, experimental determinations of
particle charging were made, using a mobility analyzer
to find the end points of particle trajectories in an elec-
tric field. For particles of 0.32 to 7 micrometers diame-
ter, the agreement between theory and experiment
was within 20 percent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Particles, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Ions, Electric fields, Design criteria,
Electric corona.
PB-277 253/1 PC A05/MF A01
Iowa Air Quality Report, 1976.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines. Air
Quality Management Div.
Aug 77,100p
Iowa's air monitoring data from 1959 to 1976 has been
compiled In this report for seven pollutants monitored
in the State: suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, ni-
trogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, pho-
tochemical oxidants, and sulfates. The data are pre-
sented in tabular form for each of the twelve Air Quality
Control Regions in the State. To help the reader better
understand the large amount of technical information
in this report, additional sections discussing the pollut-
ants and pollutant sources, the air monitoring network,
and the analysis of data and trends have been added.
Brief summary of another Departmental project, the
development of a Pollutant Standards Index, is also In-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Iowa, 'Air pollution, Standards, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hy-
drocarbons, Oxidizers, Sulfates, Tables(Data), Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality.
PB-277 254/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Handbook for Analytical Quality Control In Ra-
dloanalytlcal Laboratories,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
Larry G. Kanipe. Aug 77, 64p TVA-E-EP-77-4, EPA/
600/7-77/088
Quality control in the radioanalytical laboratory is dis-
cussed. The discussion includes laboratory operating
practices, analytical methodology, instrument quality
control, and data handling and reporting. Two other
sections on handling radioactive materials and count-
ing statistics are included; these sections are brief and
serve only as an introduction to the subjects. The
handbook provides methods for conducting internal
and external quality control programs. Topics such as
control charts, duplicate analyses, and routine spiked
analyses are included.
Keywords: 'Quality control, 'Chemical analysis, 'Ra-
diation chemistry, Laboratory equipment, Personnel,
Education, Calibrating, Performance evaluation, Data
analysis, Error analysis, Standards, Laboratories, Man-
uals.
PB-277 341/4 PC A04/MF A01
An Examination of Interim Emission Control Strat-
egies for Heavy Duty Vehicles (A Regulatory Sup-
port Document).
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
30 Mar 76,58p
The Emission Control Technology Division of the
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control has ex-
amined the need for, and possible strategies for,
achieving reductions in gaseous and smoke emissions
from heavy duty vehicles and their powerplants. The
relationship of existing test procedures to urban mass
emissions, the technology available to meet reduced
emission levels, the cost of various controls, and their
effectiveness are each examined in arriving at an opti-
mum strategy for near term application to heavy duty
vehicles. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Urban areas, Standards, Technology, Cost analysis,
Forecasting, Gasoline, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Smoke, 'Heavy duty vehi-
cles.
PB-277 343/0 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emission and Fuel Economy Sensitivity to
Changes In Light Duty Vehicle Test Procedures.
Final rept. on task 10, Aug 76-Apr 77,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Robert L. Srubar. May 77,252p EPA/460/3-77/024
Contract EPA-68-03-2196
i and statistical re-
sults of Task Number 10. Five fight duty vehicles
present and projected vehicle populations and emis-
sion control systems were used to investigate emis-
sion and fuel economy sensitivity to changes in current
test procedures for light duty vehicles. The length of
soak period preceding the EPA Urban Dynamometer
Driving Schedule (UDDS), and the speed versus time
characteristics of the UDDS and EPA Highway Fuel
Economy Test (FET) were varied. A T test was used to
test for significant differences between baseline re-
sults and results obtained with modified driving cycles.
Means, standard deviations, and coefficients of vari-
ation were calculated for groups of tests for each par-
ticular vehicle at each test condition.
Keywords: 'Fuel economy, 'Air pollution control, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel consumption, Tests, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Light duty
vehicles.
PB-277 344/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Sulfate Sampling Dilution Tunnel Design and Vali-
dation. Final rept. on task no. 6,26 Apr 76-25 Jun 77,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Melvin N. Ingalls. Jun 77,65p EPA/460/3-77/025
Contract EPA-68-03-2196
This report describes the design features and develop-
ment testing of a dilution tunnel for sampling auto-
motive sulfate emissions. The design of the dilution
334 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tunnel and sampling system was the result of a con-
census of ideas from representatives of the EPA and
industry. The development testing included a propane
traverse to verify exhaust mixing; testing the critical
flow sampling system; development and use of a sul-
fate mist generator to determine system sulfate recov-
ery; and evaluation of system losses using automotive
exhaust. The propane traverse demonstrated accept-
able exhaust gas mixing. While system losses were ac-
ceptable using the acid mist generator, the system was
found to have unacceptable sulfate losses at tunnel
temperatures above 85C (185F) when tested with
automotive exhaust. At the completion of the develop-
ment tests, the sampling system, including the tunnel
and sampling and control console was delivered to
EPA, Ann Arbor. A complete set of drawings of the
tunnel was furnished with the tunnel.
Keywords: 'Inorganic sulfates, * Samplers, Sampling,
Exhaust emissions, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Aerosols, "Air pollution detection, "Dilution tun-
nels, "Automobile exhaust.
PB-277 351/3 PC A13/MF A01
Aircraft Technology Assessment Status of the
Qas Turbine Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Richard Munt, and Eugene Danielson. Dec 76,291 p
EPA/460/3-76/036
This report details the advances that have been made
in the control of aircraft gas turbine engine emissions.
Two technologies of differing complexities have
evolved. The success of the first, which controls only
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, is attributable to
innovations in engine operation, the fuel injection
system, and the airflow patterns within the comfaustor.
The simplicity of this system gives it wide applicability.
The second technology, capable of controlling oxides
of nitrogen, in addition to HC and CO, uses exotic
methods of fuel preparation and multiple zones of
combustion. A table, which follows the report, summa-
rizes the EPA technical staff's assessment of the pros-
pects of each engine meeting the levels specified in
the 1979 standards, based on manufacturers' data.
Control strategies for HC and CO should be ready for
implementation by 1979-1980, but, due to the com-
plexity of the oxide of nitrogen control systems, and
the fact that requisite levels of technology are currently
found only in some of the largest T2 12 class engines,
the practicality of implementation in T1 and APU
classes by 1982 is questioned.
Keywords: *Gas turbines, 'Aircraft engines, *Air pollu-
tion control, 'Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Combustore, Fuel Injectors, Fueling
systems, Nitrogen oxides, Forecasting, Technology,
Aircraft fuels, Standards.
PB-277 359/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
JOM Valley Reservoir, Emery County, Utah. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,39p WORKING PAPER-841
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Joes Valley Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Emery County(Utah).
PB-277 360/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
R»h Lake, Sevler County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,40p WORKING PAPER-839
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fish Lake, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Utah, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Sevier County(Utah).
PB-277 363/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Porcupine Reservoir, Cache County, Utah. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,26p WORKING PAPER-855
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Porcupine Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Cache County(Utah).
PB-277 364/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Echo Reservoir, Summit County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,38p WORKING PAPER-838
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Echo Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Summit County(Utah).
PB-277 366/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.
Moon Lake, Duchesne County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,37p WORKING PAPER-847
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Moon Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Utah, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Duchesne County(Utah).
PB-277 377/8 PC A08/MF A01
Quality Control for Environmental Measurement*
Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Final rept. FY 77,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lee H. Ziegler, and Hiram M. Hunt. Dec 77,159p EPA/
600/7-77/144
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
This report describes the quality control procedures,
calibration, collection, analysis, and Interpretation of
data in measuring the activity of gamma ray-emitting
radionuclides in environmental samples. Included in
the appendices are basic data for selected gamma
ray-emitting radionuclides, the uranium-235 series, the
uranium-238 series, and the thorium-232 series. Typi-
cal pulse height spectra of selected gamma ray-emit-
ting radionuclides measured with a NalfTI) detector are
included In an appendix.
Keywords: 'Quality control, 'Environmental surveys,
'Gamma ray spectroscopy, Calibrating, Chemical
analysis, Samples, Design criteria, Performance evalu-
ation, Laboratory equipment, Data analysis. Numerical
analysis.
PB-277 390/1 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism In the America
Oyster 'Crassostrea vlrglnlca'. Final rept. 1 Jul 76-
30Jun77,
Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, Rye, N.Y.
Donald S.Walker Lab.
Robert S. Anderson. Nov 77,25p EPA/600/3-78/009
Grant EPA-R-804435
The research program was initiated with the overall ob-
jective of determining the role of NADPH-dependent
microsomal mono-oxygenase In the metabolism of the
widespread environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene
(BP) by the oyster Crassostrea virglnica. This enzyme
system is Important in detoxifying various xenobiotics
and in activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on-
cogens as BP. A sensitive radioisotopic system was
developed to permit the quantification of alkali-soluble
and water-soluble BP metabolites produced by oyster
mono-oxygenase. An NADPH-and O2-dependent aryl
hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was shown to be lo-
cated in the digestive glands of these bivalves associ-
ated with the microsomal subcellular fraction. The spe-
cific activity of oyster AHH was considerably lower
than that of laboratory mice, but was consistently de-
monstrable. The BP metabolites produced were pri-
marily water-soluble derivatives. There was some Indi-
cation that oyster AHH was induced by chronic expo-
sure of the animals to the environmental carcinogens
BP and 3-methyl-cholanthrene. There was strong evi-
dence that exposure to polychlorinated blphenyls
(PCB) caused AHH induction.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Carcinogens, Mollusca, Aquatic
animals, Enzymes, Metabolism, Detoxification, Assay-
Ing, Identifying, Rlbosomes, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Organic compounds, 'Crassostrea virginlca, 'Benzo-
pyrenes, Bioindicators, Metabolites, Hydroxylases, Ox-
ygenases.
PB-277 381/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Chemllumlneacent Monitor for Vinyl Chloride.
Final rept. Mar 75-Jun 76,
Beckman Instruments, Inc., Anaheim, Calif. Advanced
Technology Operations.
M. W. Greene, S. G. Riccio, W. D. Dencker, and R. I.
Wilson. Feb 78,51p EPA/600/2-78/008
Contract EPA-68-02-1770
A monitor for vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) In ambient
air was constructed using commercially available com-
ponents of a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with a
chemiluminescence ozone analyzer slightly modified
to make It suitable for use as a GC detector. The speci-
ficity for VCM is enhanced by use of a chemilumines-
cence detector because saturated hydrocarbons do
not chemllumlnesce with ozone. A custom absorption
trap capable of concentrating the VCM from one liter
(or more) of ambient air was used to extend the lower
detection limit. Using a custom trap heating circuit, the
concentrated sample can be thermally eluted Into the
GC in a gas volume of 10 ml or less, providing a 100-
December 1983 335
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fold increase in sensitivity compared to that obtained
with a 10 ml sample loop. Preliminary system and final
acceptance test results are reported in detail. These
test results indicate that a monitor of this type can
detect less than one part per billion (ppb) of VCM in
ambient air operating on a 15-minute cycle. If the con-
centration trap is replaced by a 20 ml sample loop, the
limit of detection is estimated to be about 35 ppb VCM
when operating on a 5-minute cycle.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, *Vinyl chloride, Gas chro-
matography, Chemiluminescence,
Concenlration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-277 394/3 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Sulfur Dioxide Mass Emission
Rate Monitoring System. Final rept. Aug 76-Jul 77,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Roosevelt Rollins. Jan 78, 36p EPA/600/2-78/007
An evaluation was conducted to determine the capa-
bilities and limitations of a commercially available mon-
itoring system that provides sulfur dioxide mass emis-
sion rate data as a direct output. The monitoring
system was operated continuously for extended peri-
ods at a coal-fired power plant and a sulfuric acid pro-
duction facility. Additional testing was performed at a
Simulated Stationary Source Facility to confirm some
deficiencies noted during field operations. The sys-
tem's performance was verified by comparing its
output data with results using EPA emissions measure-
ment reference methods. Results are presented for
three performance tests at both field sites. For the
power plant tests, the monitor agreed within 20% of
the accepted reference method. In the case of the acid
plant, the system accuracy was as poor at 58%. Gen-
erally, the monitoring system performed reliably
throughout the extended test program. The system re-
mained operational greater than 90% of the time
during the four-month test period.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Monitors, 'Mass, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field tests, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Chemical industry, Electric power
plants, Design criteria, Concentration(Composition),
Air pollution, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Sulfuric acid
plants, 'Air pollution detection, Stationary sources.
PB-277 408/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Physical Coal Cleaning for Utility Boiler S02 Emis-
sion Control. Final rept. Jul-Dec 77,
Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Columbus
Labs.
E. H. Hall, L. Hoffman, J. Hoffman, and R. A. Schilling.
Feb 78,112p EPA/600/7-78/034
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
Prepared in cooperation with Hoffman-Muntner Corp.,
Silver Spring, Md.
The report examines physical coal cleaning as a con-
trol technique for sulfur oxides emissions. It includes
an analysis of the availability of low-sulfur coal and of
coal cleanable to compliance levels for alternate New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS). Various alter-
natives to physical coal cleaning (such as chemical
coal cleaning, coal conversion, and fluidized-bed com-
bustion) are also examined with respect to alternate
NSPS. Electric power supply and demand through
1985 are reviewed, as well as the technology, cost,
and environmental overviews of physical and chemical
coal cleaning techniques. Since the report deals with
engineering analyses of available data and several
technologies in design stages, references are some-
what limited. Descriptions of the methodologies used
and the sources of information are given in lieu of ref-
erenced published data in many cases.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Desulfurization, 'Boil-
ers, Combustion products, Physical properties, Electric
power plants, Electric power demand, Energy sup-
plies, Standards, Industrial wastes, Flue gas, Compari-
son, Sulfur oxides, Fluidized bed processing, Technol-
ogy, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Performance evalu-
ation, Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abatement,
New Source Performance Standards.
PB-277 410/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection, Agency, Dallas, Tex. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Air Quality Monitoring In Victoria and Blooming-
ton, Texas. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Dec 77,158p RAD-78-100-192-03, EPA/906/9-78/
001
Contract EPA-68-02-2538
Ambient air quality data was collected and compiled
for Victoria and Bloomington, Texas for the period 24
September-7 November, 1977. The ambient concen-
trations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons
were collected on a time-specific basis. A limited bag
sampling program for 6-9 a.m. hydrocarbons was also
performed. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
Hydrocarbons, Monitoring, Texas, 'Air quality data,
*VictoriafTexas), * Bloomington(Texas).
PB-277 437/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Personal Monitor for Nitrogen Dioxide. Final rept.,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Chemis-
try
Philip W. West, and Kenneth D. Reiszner. Jan 78,35p
EPA/600/2-78/001
Grant EPA-R-803193
An attempt was made to develop a personal monitor to
measure nitrogen dioxide. Sampling of nitrogen diox-
ide is accomplished by permeation through a silicons
membrane into a alkaline thympl blue solution. The ni-
trogen dioxide is converted to nitrite and is then quanti-
tated by colorimetric analysis. Since collection of the
nitrogen dioxide through the silicone membrane de-
pends only on permeation, maintenance of carefully
measured sampling rates are not required. A small
scale field evaluation of this method with the accepted
EPA-TGS-ANSA equivalent method for N02 showed
that the personal monitor gave much higher results.
This difference must be resolved before this personal
monitor can be considered as a viable equivalent
method for nitrogen dioxide.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Gas detectors, 'Dosi-
meters, Chemical dosimeters, Monitors, Air pollution,
Membranes, Performance evaluation,
Absorbers(Materials), Concentration(Composition),
Design criteria, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-277 438/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Study of a Thermal Aerosol Oil Burner. Final rept.
Sep 76-May 77,
Honeywell, Inc., Bloomington, Minn.
J. E. Janssen, J. J. Glatzel, E. R. Wabasha, and U.
Bonne. Sep 77,47p EPA/600/7-77/108
Contract EPA-68-02-2194
The report gives results of a study of a thermal aerosol
oil burner, aimed at counteracting the poor atomlzation
and excess burner capacity that are known to reduce
seasonal efficiency and contribute to excess emis-
sions in residential oil burners. Generation of a thermal
aerosol of the fuel was shown to improve combustion
in terms of: (1) increased quantity and volume of fuel
droplets 1 micrometer and smaller; (2) permitted firing
rate reduction in standard nozzles of 50 to 70%; (3)
when combined with swirl (swirl parameter = 4.5),
gave increased combustion efficiency by permitting
operation at 2% flue oxygen with nonluminous flame,
zero Bacharach smoke No., no hydrocarbons, and no
detectable CO; (4) reduced NOx formation in most
cases; (5) reduced emissions during burner start-up;
and (6) permitted modulation of firing rate without af-
fecting combustion adversely.
Keywords: 'Burners, 'Air pollution control, Aerosols,
Performance evaluation, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Fuel oil, Efficiency, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Particle size distri-
bution.
PB-277 442/0 PC A09/MF A01
Air Pollution: Assessment Methodology and Mod-
eling. Bibliography of Grey Literature on Air Qual-
ity Modeling (GAUSSIan Plume Models).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 77,185p NATO/CCMS-70
NATO furnished.
From the results of the NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Air
Pollution, fifteen recommendations have been derived,
one of which deals with air quality modeling. Since the
publication of this recommendation, a world-wide co-
operation in the field of modeling activities has proved
the necessity to review the state of the art of air quality
modeling and to show international trends in model
standardization. Therefore the Modeling Panel decid-
ed to prepare a Technical Document of this so-called
'Grey Literature' and started questionnaire action. Re-
sponse was so impressive, that the Modeling Panel
decided to split this document into two parts: (1) Bib-
liography of Grey Literature on Applied Air Quality
Models (especially GAUSSian Plume Models); and (2)
Bibliography of Grey Literature on New Modeling
Techniques. This volume represents the final version
of the part concerning GAUSSian plume models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric models, 'Bibliographies, Trends, Abstracts,
Atmospheric diffusion, NATO furnished, 'Air quality,
Gaussian plume models.
PB-277 462/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldants, 1976 -
Analysis of Evidence and Viewpoints. Part IV. The
Issue of Natural Organic Emissions. Final rept.,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
P. E. Coffey, and H. Westberg. Oct 77, 55p EPA/600/
3-77/116
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference in
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a follow-up review/analysis effort. The
follow-up effort was designed to review carefully and
impartially, to analyze relevant evidence and view-
points reported at the International Conference (and
elsewhere), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxi-
dant-related scientific issues. The review/analysis was
conducted by experts (who did not work for the EPA or
for industry) of widely recognized competence and ex-
perience in the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. In Part IV, the issue of natural or-
ganic emissions, measuring them and assessing the
role they play in air quality, is discussed by Peter E.
Coffey of the New York State Department of Environ-
mental Conservation, Albany, N.Y., and Hal Westberg
of Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Meetings, Or-
ganic compounds, Reviews,
Concentratlon(Composition), Stratosphere, Air pollu-
tion control, Atmospheric diffusion, Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB-277 463/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldants, 1976 -
Analysis of Evidence and Viewpoints. Part VI. The
Issue of Air Quality Simulation Model Utility. Final
rept.,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.
John H. Seinfeld, and Kent R. Wilson. Nov 77,121p
EPA/600/3-77/118
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., San
Diego, La Jolla.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference in
September 1976. John H. Seinfeld, California Institute
of Technology, and Kent R. Wilson, University of Cali-
fornia at San Diego, reviewed the issue of Air Quality
Simulation Model (AQSM) utility. The strengths and
weaknesses of the various modeling techniques are
discussed, and the authors offer their recommenda-
tions on future studies.
336 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Meetings,
Ozone, Computerized simulation, Stratosphere, At-
mospheric diffusion, Sources, Error analysis, Math-
ematical models, Air quality.
PB-277 466/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
The Effects of Oxldant Air Pollutants on Soy-
beans, Snap Beans and Potatoes. Final rept,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Plant
Stress Lab.
H. E. Heggestad, R. K. Howell, and J. H. Bennett. Nov
77,49p EPA/600/3-77/128
During the past 5 years the impact of photochemical
oxidants on soybeans and snap beans in Maryland
and on potatoes in Virginia and Delaware was as-
sessed with open-top chambers. The mean yields of
four selected soybean varieties grown in open-top
chambers with carbon-filtered air and in plots without
chambers were about the same. However, the mean
yields of beans grown in chambers with nonfiltered air
were significantly lower (about 20%). In experiments
with snap beans at Beltsville, Maryland from 1972-
1974, the bean yield from one of three varieties tested
was decreased 14% by oxidants, whereas the other
two varieties did not show a yield decrease. At Painter,
Virginia, in 1975, three of four potato varieties showed
a significant yield reduction (average 30%) in cham-
bers with nonfiltered air as compared with filtered air.
Keywords: 'Vegetable crops, *Farm crops, *Oxidizers,
"Air pollution, Field tests, Yield, Soybean plants, Bean
plants, Potatoes, Assessments, Plant growth, Air fil-
ters, Analysis of variance, Tables(Data), Photochemi-
cal reactions, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, Correla-
tion techniques, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-277 469/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
High Purity PNA Hydrocarbons and Other Aromat-
ic Compounds. Synthesis and Purification. Final
rept. May 74-May 77,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Chemistry.
E. J. Eisenbraun. Jan 78, 73p EPA/600/2-78/006
Grant EPA-R-803097
The synthesis and/or purification of a group of polynu-
clear aromatic (PNA) hydrocarbons, commonly found
as pollutants in the environment, are described. The
steps used in a given synthesis, the experiments car-
ried put, and a presentation of some instrumental data
obtained in establishing the identity and purity of the
hydrocarbons are included. Publications derived from
this work are cited.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Aro-
matic compounds, 'Air pollution,
*Synthesis(Chemistry), Purification, Exhaust emis-
sions, Industrial wastes, Coal, Laboratory equipment,
Chemical reactions, Spectrochemical analysis, Oil
spills.
PB-277 473/5 PC A08/MF A01
Technical Economic Analysis of Selected Fea-
tures of Municipal Wastewater Construction Grant
Legislation. Final rept.,
Washington Environmental Research Center, D.C.
Marshall Rose, and Jon Goldstein. Aug 77,173p EPA/
600/5-77-011a
This report analyzes the current Federal Construction
Grant Program for funding the treatment of municipal
wastewater. Four main elements of this Federal pro-
gram are evaluated: the grant formula, the allotment
funding process, grant-eligible reserve capacity, and
industrial cost recovery. Existing legal provisions with
respect 19 each of these program elements are shown
to be deficient in terms of their ability to encourage an
efficient allocation of abatement resources and to pro-
mote an equitable distribution of Federal grant funds.
The report presents several options within each pro-
gram element for improving the principles of Construc-
tion Grant Legislation.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Economic analysis, 'Legislation,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Municipalities, Benefit
cost analysis, Financing, Construction, Allocations,
Public law, Mathematical models, Priorities, 'Cost
sharing.
PB-277 481/8 PC A07/MF A01
Value Engineering. Case Studies and Formats for
Proposals and Reports. A Supplement to the
Value Engineering Workbook for Construction
Grants Projects.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jun 77,145p* EPA/430/9-77/009, EPA/MCD-27
This report provides guidance on formats for Value En-
gineering (VE) study proposals and reports; guidance
on the appropriate level of VE effort and VE team com-
position; and case studies on five wastewater projects
which were subjected to VE under EPA's voluntary VE
program.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Value
engineering, Water quality management, Water pollu-
tion control, Construction management, Sewage treat-
ment, Cost engineering, Project planning, 'Waste
water treatment plants, 'Construction grants.
PB-277 492/5 PC A06/MF A01
Solid Waste Site Survey and Report. Final rept.
Gulf Coast Waste Disposal Authority, Houston, Tex.
Aug 76,119p
Prepared in cooperation with Houston-Galveston Area
Council, Tex.
This report provides a listing of the existing industrial,
commercial, and municipal placement sites and to
depict the types of sites, approximate quantities of
waste material deposited at each site, site capacity,
site life expectancy, and site potential for surface
water quality degradation. Closed sites were not inves-
tigated, although their potential for surface water con-
tamination may still exist. Also, the potential effects on
The report contains the following information: back-
ground information; report methodology; summary of
solid waste placement sites; tabulation of solid waste
sites by type, site capacity, projected site life, leachate
handling facilities, and probable affected water
courses; an appendix of industrial, commercial, and
municipal survey forms including photographs (where
appropriate), and location maps; and a large (1 inch =
1 mile) solid waste placement site location map.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water pollution, 'Site surveys, Leaching, Percolation,
Sanitary landfills, Soil properties, Maps,
HoustonfTexas), Path of pollutants.
PB-277 497/4 Not available NTIS
Isolation of Xenoblotlc Chemicals from Tissue
Samples by Gel Permeation Chromatocsaphy.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Douglas W. Kuehl, and Edward N. Leonard. 1977,4p
EPA/600/J-78/001
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v50 p182-185 Jan 77.
A gel permeation technique has been developed for
tissue sample cleanup for gas-liquid chromatographic-
mass spectrometric analysis of low molecular weight
polar organic (LMWO) compounds. The technique in-
volves a two step procedure to first separate the bulk
lipid material from LMWOs and then fractionate
LMWOs by both polarity and molecular size.
Keywords: 'Tissue(Biology), 'Chemical analysis, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Samples, Pesti-
cides, Organic compounds, Separation, Isolation, Re-
prints, Procedures, Gel chromatography, Residues.
PB-277 499/0 Not available NTIS
Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations for Inorganics.
Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research uib., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Thomas J. Sorg. 1978,8p EPA/600/J-78/002
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
p105-112Feb78.
The EPA established drinking water regulations for ten
inorganic substances and radionuclides that became
effective on June 24,1977. As a result of these regula-
tions, many communities may be required to construct
new treatment facilities or to modify or improve on ex-
isting ones. This paper on the removal of nitrate and
fluoride from drinking water Is the first of a series that
reviews existing treatment technology for meeting the
EPA Interim Primary Drinking water Regulations. Infor-
mation and data is presented on the effectiveness of
existing treatment techniques to remove or lower the
concentrations of the ten inorganic contaminants, ar-
senic, barium, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, lead, mer-
cury, nitrate, selenium and silver, and the regulated ra-
dionuclides that include Radium 226 and 228, gross
alpha particles, beta particles, and photon radioactiv-
ity. The effectiveness of convention treatment tech-
niques such as chemical coagulation, lime softening,
and ion exchange will be emphasized; reverse osmo-
sis and electrodialysis are discussed only when con-
ventional methods are shown to be ineffective. The
material presented consist of information and data
from a general review of the literature and EPA's
recent work on the removal of heavy metals from
drinking water by conventional treatment methods.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Inorganic compounds,
'Regulations, 'Water pollution control, Potable water,
Inorganic nitrates, Fluorides,
Concentration(Composition), Arsenic, Barium, Radio-
active contaminants, Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Selenium, Silver,
Radium isotopes, Heavy metals, Reprints, Radium
226, Radium 228.
PB-277 534/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Sampling and Analytical Methodology for Atmos-
pheric Nitrates. Interim Report. Evaluation of
Sampling Variables,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Chester W. Spicer, and Philip M. Schumacher. Feb 78,
42p EPA/600/2-78/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2213
The first phase of a study to develop sampling and
analytical methodology for atmospheric nitrates is de-
scribed. Experiments were carried out to determine the
effect of nitrogen-containing gases on a number of dif-
ferent filter materials. Gases studied included NO,
NO2, N2O, HNO3, NH3, and PAN. Experiments were
also conducted to determine the effect of sampling
time and sampling rate on atmospheric nitrate collec-
tion. Studies of filter storage, and gas-filtrate and gas-
soot interactions were also undertaken. In many cases
serious interference with the collection of atmospheric
nitrate was found.
Keywords: 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Organic nitrates, 'Gas
analysis, Sampling, Nitrogen oxides, Ammonia, Parti-
cles, Air filters, Soot, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, 'Air pollution detection, Peroxyacetyl ni-
trate.
PB-277 544/3 PC A10/MF A01
Distribution and Importance of Phytoplankton In
the Atchafalaya Basin,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Stephen C. Hern, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, V. W.
Lambou, and M. K. Morris. Jan 78, 202p EPA/600/3-
78/001
This report presents the species and abundance of
phytoplankton in the Atchafalaya Basin. From 86 phy-
toplankton samples examined, 107 genera and 287
species of algae were identified. Occurrence and
dominant occurrence of phytoplankton genera and
species are listed. The Nygaard's Trophic State Index
(Nygaard 1949), Palmer's Organic Pollution Index
(Palmer 1969), as well as species diversity and abun-
dance indices are included. Also, study areas Inside
and outside the Basin were compared and contrasted
for chemical, physical and biological characteristics.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Phytoplankton,
'Water quality, 'Atchafalaya Basin, Surveys, Abun-
dance, Taxonomy, Identifying, Distribution(Property),
Tables(Data), Concentration(Compositlon), Phospho-
rus, Nitrogen, Biological productivity, Diatoms, Cyano-
phyta, lndexes(Ratios), Louisiana, Trophic level, Spe-
cies diversity, 'Eutrophication.
PB-277 550/0 MF$8.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
December 1983 337
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Application lor Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - American Motors Corpora-
tion.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Jul 77,2905p EPA/460/A-77/01
See also PB-277 551.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'American Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 551/8 MFS6.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, N.J.
Jul 77,1541 p EPA/460/A-77/02
See also PB-277 550 and PB-277 552.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control. Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Mercedes-Benz,
Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 552/6 MFS4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Checker Motors Corpora-
tion.
Checker Motors Corp., Kalamazoo, Mich.
Jul 77,409p EPA/460/A-77/03
See also PB-277 551 and PB-277 553.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Checker Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 553/4 MFS11.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
Jul 77, 4774p EPA/460/A-77/04
See also PB-277 552 and PB-277 554.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Ford Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 554/2 MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, Calif.
Jul 77,803p EPA/460/A-77/05
See also PB-277 553 and PB-277 555.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'American Honda
Motor Company, me., Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 555/9 MFJ6.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot, New York. U.S. Technical Research Corp.
Jul 77, 1296p EPA/460/A-77/06
See also PB-277 554 and PB-277 556.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Peugeot, Fugitive
emissions.
PB-277 556/7 MF$5.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
MMC Services, Inc., Southfield, Mich.
Jul 77, 864p EPA/460/A-77/08
See also PB-277 555 and PB-277 557.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Mitsubishi Motors,
Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 557/5 MFI4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Saab-Scanla.
Saab-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, Conn.
Jul 77,392p EPA/460/A-77/010
See also PB-277 556 and PB-277 558.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
338 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, "Saab-Scania of
America, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 SS8/3 MF$5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Jul 77,992p EPA/460/A-77/011
See also PB-277 557 and PB-277 559.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Volkswagen of
America, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 569/1
MFI6.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Modal Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Audi-Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Jul 77, 1492p EPA/460/A-77/012
See also PB-277 558 and PB-277 560.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile Industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Volkswagen of
America, Fugitive emissions.
£B-277 880/9 MFI9.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application tor Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors Corporation.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
Jul 77,3277p EPA/460/A-77/013
See also PB-277 559 and PB-277 561.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'General Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 561/7 MFS4.7S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Jul 77,438p EPA/460/A-77/014
See also PB-277 560 and PB-277 562.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'American Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 562/5 MFW.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Yaar
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Jul 77,2529p EPA/460/A-77/015
See also PB-277 561 and PB-277 563.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Chrysler Corpora-
tion, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 563/3 MFS6.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Cummins Engine Company.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, Ind.
Jul 77,1479p EPA/460/A-77/016
See also PB-277 562 and PB-277 564.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Cummins Engine
Company, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 564/1 MFS5.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Modal Year
Heavy-Duty Engines Gasoline - General Motors
Corp.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
Jul 77,1071p EPA/460/A-77/17-GAS
See also PB-277 563 and PB-277 565.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks,' motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile Industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'General Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
December 1983 339
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-277 565/8 MF$5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification lor 1977 Modal Year
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles - General Motors
Corp.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
Jul 77,994p EPA/460/A-77/017
See also PB-277 564 and PB-277 566.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. Trie application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, "Heavy duty vehicles, 'General Motors
Corporation, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 566/6 MFS5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Melrose Park, III.
Jul 77,872p EPA/460/A-77/01B
See also PB-277 565 and PB-277 567.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
ranger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
y-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
ication. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'International Har-
vester Company, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 567/4 MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Perkins Diesel Corporation.
Perkins Engines, Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Jul 77,405p EPA/460/A-77/019
See also PB-277 566 and PB-277 568.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Perkins Diesel
Corporation, 'Perkins Engines, Fugitive emissions,
'American Motors Corporation.
PB-277 568/2 MF$7.25
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., Lyndhurst, N.J.
Jul 77,1954p EPA/460/A-77/020
See also PB-277 567 and PB-277 569.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Toyota Motor
Sales, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 569/0 MFS6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
Jul 77,1191 p EPA/460/A-77/21
See also PB-277 568 and PB-277 570.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Ford Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 570/8 MFS7.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Nissan Motor Company Ltd.
Datsun.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
Jul 77, 2172p EPA/460/A-77/22
See also PB-277 569 and PB-277 571.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Nissan Motor Com-
pany, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 571/6 MFS4.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Rolls Royce.
Rolls-Royce, Inc., Paramus, N.J.
Jul 77,221 p EPA/460/A-77/23
See also PB-277 570 and PB-277 572.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Rolls Royce, Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB-277 572/4 MFSS.SO
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Alfa Romeo.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Jul 77,795p EPA/460/A-77/24
See also PB-277 571 and PB-277 573.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
340 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
Fuels, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Alfa Romeo, Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB-277 573/2 MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Caterpillar Tractor Compa-
ny.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, III.
Jul 77, 360p EPA/460/A-77/025
See also PB-277 572 and PB-277 574.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The Part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance Instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
turing, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
J-uels, Tests, 'Heavy duty vehicles, "Caterpillar Trac-
tor Company, Fugitive emissions.
PB-277 574/0 MFW.OO
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Renault.
Renault, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Jul 77, 1248p EPA/460/ A-77/09
see also PB-277 573.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB-281 515-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
[passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
neayy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
S? nmcation. The application consists of two parts. In
ine Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
Description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
wnich describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
oaste engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
l?"]8- Tne part I also provides information on emission
lest procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
aunng testing. The Part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
"?auiations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance, Manufac-
J.ur|ng, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
. Evaporation control, Ignition, Exhaust systems,
, , ,
ls, Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Renault, Fugitive
emissions.
PB-277 680/7 MF A01
Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues In Food.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1959,12p-in 3 articles
Consists of PB-277 581 thru PB-277 583.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Food, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-277 581/5
(Order as PB-277 580, MF A01)
The Trend of DDT and Parathlon Residues on
Apples Grown In Central Washington,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe, Joseph W. Elliott, and William F.
Durham. 1959, 5p
Pub. in Jnl. of Economic Entomology, v52 n6 p1053-
1057, Dec 59.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Food, PB-277 580.
A study was carried out in 1958 to determine the aver-
age amounts of DDT and parathion residue on apples
in central Washington ana to compare these residues
with those found in past years when fewer and earlier
sprays and lower dosages were used. The DDT resi-
due levels ranged from 0.3 to 12.4 p.p.m. with a mean
of 3.0 p.p.m. for all samples, both washed and un-
washed. For each variety and for all samples consid-
ered together, the unwashed apples had a higher DDT
residue than the washed samples. Only nine of the un-
washed samples (15.2%) and 1 washed sample
(1.6%) had residues above the 7 p.p.m. tolerance
level. Parathlon residue ranged from 0.01 to 0.32
p.p.m. with a mean of 0.10 p.p.m. Washing was found
to lower the DDT residue level, but little difference be-
tween washing with and without brushes was appar-
ent.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Apples, DDT, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons,
ConcentrationfComposition), Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Nitro com-
pounds, Washington(State), Reprints, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Parathlon, Phosphorothiolc acid/O-O-(dimethyl-
ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-277 582/3
(Order as PB-277 580, MF A01)
Studies on Some Potsntlai Health Hazards Asso-
ciated with Insecticide Residues on Pome Fruits,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Surham, and Homer R. Wolfe. 1959,4p
Pub. In Washington State Horticultural Association
Proc.,55p127-131 1959.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Food, PB-277 580.
The report presents results of Laboratory tests for
DDT, Dleldrin, and toxaphene residues in pears, and
DDT residues In apples from the state of Washington.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fruits, Apples, Pears, DDT,
Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Dieldrin, Washington(State), 'Pesticide residues, Tox-
aphene.
PB-277 583/1
(Order as PB-277 580, MF A01)
Residues of Some Pesticides Found on Apples
Orown In Central Washington,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe, John F. Armstrong, and William F.
Durham. 1960,3p
Pub. in Washington State Horticultural Association
Prov., 56p160-1621960.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide
Residues in Food, PB-277 580.
The report presents, results of lagoratory tests for resi-
dues for six insecticides found on apples grown In the
state of Washington. The Insecticides are: parathion,
guthion, sevln, DDT, kelthane, and tedion.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Apples, DDT, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds,
WashlngtonfState), "Pesticide residues, "Cabaryl, Par-
athlon, Phosphorothioic acld/O-O-(dlmethyl-ester)-O-
(Nitrrophenyl-ester), Dlcofol, Trichloroethanol/chloro-
phenyl, Tetradifon, Sulfone/chlorophenyl-trichloro-
phenyl.
PB-277 584/9 MF A01
Journal Articles on Worker Exposure. Qroup 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1972,3p-in1 article
Consists of PB-277 585.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Pesticides, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Toxic substances, 'Agricultural work-
ers, "Occupational safety and health.
PB-277 585/6
(Order as PB-277 584, MF A01)
Exposure of Spraymen to Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe, John F. Armstrong, Donald C. Staiff,
and Stanley W. Comer. 21 Feb 72,3p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v25 p25-31,
Jul 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker Ex-
posure. Group 3, PB-277 584.
The article presents values for potential dermal and
respiratory exposure, and for total exposure In terms of
fraction of toxic dose were determined for 11 different
pesticides during orchard spraying with air-blast appli-
cation equipment. Highest total exposure was calculat-
ed to be only 1.12% of a toxic dose per hour for work-
ers applying the organophosphorus compound, carbo-
phenothion, the most toxic compound in the study.
There was considerable variation in exposure to a spe-
cific pesticide depending on certain factors, mainly
wind. Potential dermal exposure to each compound
was much greater than potential respiratory exposure.
Workers were subjected to relatively small fractions of
a toxic dose each day as they applied the compounds
that were studied.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, "Pesticides, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Skin(Anatomy), Respiratory system, Ex-
posure, Fruit crops, Industrial medicine,
Concentratlon(Composition), Standards, Toxiclty,
Toxicology, Dosage, Tables(Data), 'Toxic substances,
Reprints, 'Agricultural workers, 'Occupational safety
and health, Environmental health, Threshold limit
values, Maximum permissible exposure level.
PB-277 586/4 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Qroup 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1972,60p-in 34 articles
Consists of PB-277 587 thru PB-277 620.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, "Insecticides,
'Toxic substances.
PB-277 587/2
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
The Interaction of Chloroquln, Dllantln, and Phen-
ylbutazone on DDT Storage In the Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
M. F. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 1977,1p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The purpose of the experiment was to compare the ef-
fects of dilantin, chloroqulne and phenylbutazone on
the storage of p,p'-DDT in the rat. Eleven groups of six
animals were administered drugs in their feed for ten
weeks. At the time of sacrifice, liver microsomal en-
zymes, Including te p-demethylation of p-nitroanisole,
pxidatlve detoxification of EPN, azo-reductase, expox-
idase, glucuronal transferase and cytochrome P-450,
were determined. The fat of all animals was examined
for p,p'-DDT and p.p'-DDE In the fat of the animals;
however, the degree of reduction was not identical for
the three drugs, and the reduction due to combination
treatments was not that which would have been pre-
dicted had the treatment effects been additive. The
three drugs exhibited different inductive effects on the
several hepatic microsomal enzymes measured.
December 1983 341
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Hazardous materials,
•Drugs, "Pesticides, *DDT, "Insecticides,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Experimental data, Interac-
tions, Chlorine organic compounds, Quinolines, Toxic-
ity, Pharmacology, Bioassay, "Dilantin, "Chloroquine,
"Phenylbutazone, Reprints, "Toxic substances, DDE
insecticide, Quinoline/chloro-(((diethylamino)-
methybutyl)amino).
PB-277 588/0
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Comparison of Chronic and Acute Low-Level Ex-
posure Effects of Carbaryl on the EEQ of Squirrel
Monkeys,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. A. Santolucito. 1970,1p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine, v39 n7 p52, Jul 70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The purpose of the present experiment was to com-
pare the effects on the anesthetized electroenceph-
alogram (EEG) of low-level, chronic carbaryl feeding
with those resulting from a single i.v. injection in Squir-
rel monkeys. Six chronic monkeys have received
0.007 mg/kg carbaryl per day in a miniature marshmal-
low for 26 months. Their EEC's were compared to
those of 6 contemporary control animals receiving a
daily marshmallow without pesticide. Acutely dosed
monkeys were Intravenously given 6 mg/kg carbaryl in
0.15 ml 95% ethanol. Their pre- and post-injection
EEGs were compared. It is concluded that low-level
chronic exposure of Squirrel monkeys to carbaryl re-
sults in detectable changes in the anesthetized EEG
patern and that several but not all of these changes
are seen in acutely dosed monkeys.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Pesticides, "Toxicology,
Comparison, Exposure, Electroencephalography,
Monkeys, Experimental data, Toxicity, Dosage, Paren-
teral infusions, Laboratory animals, Central nervous
system, Bioassay, Reprints, "Carbaryl, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 589/8
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Effects of o,p'-DDT on the Adrenal Cortex of the
Beagle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. F. Copeland, and M. F. Cranmer. 1972,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2)
p328, Jun 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influ-
ence of the continued by mouth po, administration of
o,p'-DDT on the adrenal cortex of the beagle. Four of
eight males received o,p'-DDT (50 mg kg/day) dis-
solved in corn oil and administered In gelatin capsules;
four received com oil only. Results from this study sug-
gest that o,p'-DDT does not block the synthesis of cor-
ticosteroids by the adrenal cortex in the beagle dog as
does o.p'-DDD.
Keywords: "DDT, "Pesticides, "Toxicplogy, "Adrenal
cortex, Toxicity, Dogs, Ingestion(Physiology), Histolo-
gy, Physiological effects, Dosage, Laboratory animals,
Bioassay, Reprints, DDD insecticide, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 590/6
[Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
lephalogram and Visual Evoked Po-
SqulrreT Monkey Fed Hexachloro-
(|
ncephal
The Electro*
tentlal of the
pen*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. A. Santolucito. 1972,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2)
p276, Jun 72.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Young adult, female Squirrel monkeys were adminis-
tered by mouth, hexachlorophene in oil dally for 28
days. Two monkeys were placed on each of the follow-
ing treatments: oil only, and 1, 5 or 15 mg/kg body wt.
Following the treatment period one animal of each
group was sacrificed. In view of the limited data, the
authors regard the findings as tentative. Nevertheless,
they appear suggestive enough to warrant further
studies on the feasibility of using EEG as an early indi-
cator of the effects of hexachlorophene.
Keywords: "Bactericides, "Toxicology, Central nerv-
ous system, Toxicity, Electroencephalography, Mon-
keys, Ingestion(Physiology), Laboratory animals, Phys-
iologicaf effects, Dosage, Experimental data, Bio-
assay, Visual evoked potentials, Reprints, "Hexachlor-
ophene, "Toxic substances.
PB-277 591/4
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Effect of Dlphenylhydantoln on Storage of DDT In
the Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. F. Cranmer. 1970,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 17(1)
p315,Ju!70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Dilantin is a widely used anticonvulsant drug which has
been shown to stimulate liver microsomal enzymes
and reduce DDT and DDE residues in man. This inves-
tigation was undertaken to study the effect of Dilantin
on the storage of DDT and DDE in the rat. Dilantin was
found to reduce the levels of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in
the fat and to increase liver microsomal enzyme activi-
ty in all animals except those receiving 10 ppm p,p'-
DDT for 14 months.
Keywords: "DDT, "Pesticides, "Drugs, "Insecticides,
Storage, Rats, Laboratory animals, Diets, Enzymes,
Experimental data, Bioassay, Pharmacology, Bioaccu-
mulation, Reprints, DDE insecticide, Pesticide resi-
dues, "Hydantoln/diphenyl, "Toxic substances.
PB-277 592/2
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Observations on the Alteration by Carbaryl of
Smooth Muscle Preparation Responses to Nore-
pinephrlne,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. A. Santolucito, A. Hassan, and E. R. Whltcomb.
1971,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p365, Jun 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The present experiment was an attempt to determine
whether carbaryl interacts directly with adrenergic
mechanisms. Motility response patterns to norepin-
ephrine (NE) in conjunction with alpha- and beta-re-
ceptor blocking agents were recorded from isolated
preparations of uteri from ovariectomized rats and in-
testinal segments from rats and rabbits. It is concluded
that carbaryl can interact with adrenergic receptors be-
having as a beta-sympathomimetic in uterine prepara-
tions and as an alpha-blocking agent in intertinal seg-
ments.
Keywords: "Norepinephrine, "Pesticides, "Toxicology,
Toxicity, Amines, Responses, Rats, Interactions, Ex-
perimental data, Laboratory animals, Autonomic nerv-
ous system, Adrenergics, Bioassay, Reprints, "Car-
baryl, Toxic substances.
PB-277 693/0
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Lack of Correspondence at High Acute Doses of
DDT between the Levels Found In Blood and
Brain,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. Santolucito, C. Cueto, Jr, E. Whltcomb, and J.
Owens. 1969,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 14(3)
p621, May 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
It is generally acknowledged that the concentration of
DDT in the fat does not reflect the amount In brain
tissue and therefore does not correlate with acute
toxic symptoms. While some Investigators have report-
ed that plasma levels tend to correlate with brain
levels, others report that no correlation exists. The
present study is an attempt to elucidate this question.
Keywords: "DDT, "Pesticides, "Insecticides, "Toxicol-
ogy, Blood, Brain, Dosage, Rats, Experimental data,
Laboratory animals, Concentration(Composition), Tox-
icity, Toxicology, Bioassay, Reprints, Bioaccumulation,
"Toxic substances.
PB-277 594/8
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Paralytic and Related Effects of Certain Organic
Phosphorus Compounds,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
William F. Durham, Thomas B. Gaines, and Wayland J.
Hayes, Jr. 2 Aug 55,5p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v13
p326-330, Apr 56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
With use of the paralytic effect in the chicken as the
best available index of a possible paralytic effect in
man, a group of organic phosphorus insecticides has
been screened for this property. The compounds
tested include chlorthion, DDVP, demeton, diazinon,
EPN, malathion, and OMPA. No delayed paralytic ef-
fects were seen with any of the compounds tested.
The chickens dosed with malathion and EPN devel-
oped leg weakness immediately after dosing. This
weakness was reversible after malathion but was es-
sentially irreversible after EPN.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, "Pesti-
cides, "Insecticides, "Toxicology, Tables(Data), Phys-
iological effects, Toxicity, Dosage, Paralysis, Chickens,
Diazinon, Malathion, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Bioassay, Reprints, "Toxic substances, DDVP in-
secticide, EPN insecticide, Pyrophosphoramide/octa-
methyl, Phosphonothioate/O-ethyl-o-nitrophenyl-
phenyl, Chlorthion, Systox, OMPA insecticide.
PB-277 595/5
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Hormonal Effects on DDT Storage In the White
Rat,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
William F. Durham, Cipriano Cueto, Jr., and Wayland J.
Hayes, Jr. 1956,1p
Pub. in Federation Proceedings, v15 n1, Mar 56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Sexual differences in the response of rats to DDT
dosage have been reported for chronic toxicity, histo-
pathology, and fat storage of the insecticide and its de-
rivative, DDE. The present study was designed to in-
vestigate the physiological basis of the two storage dif-
ferences.
Keywords: *DDT, "Pesticides, "Hormones, "Insecti-
cides, Toxicity, Toxicology, Storage, Diets,
Ingestion(Physiology), Dosage, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experlmentafdata, Sex, Bioassay, Reprints, Pes-
ticide residues, Bioaccumulation, "DDE Insecticide,
Stilbenediol/diethyl, Propionic acid/(testosterone-
ester), "Toxic substances.
PB-277 598/3
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
The Action of Pesticides on Conduction In the Rat
Superior Cervleal Ganglion Preparation In vitro,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Ernest Whitcomb. 1972,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2)
p324, Jun 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The findings of some investigators have suggested
that DDT is capable of altering the stability of the nerve
fiber, the present experiment was designated to deter-
mine if DDT, carbaryl, and chlordane, could alter the
propagated action potential in the nerve fiber and at
the synapsis using the superior cervical ganglion prep-
aration of the rat.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "DDT, "Chlordan, "Toxicology,
•Insecticides, Rats, In vitro analysis, Characteristics,
Nervous system, Toxicity, Physiological effects, Re-
prints, "Carbaryl, "Toxic substances.
342 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-277 597/1
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Light Microscopy and infrastructure of Liver of
Rats Fed Polychlorlnated Blphenyls,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Renate D. Kimbrough, Ralph E. Under, and Thomas B.
Gaines. 1972,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2)
p315-316,Jun72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PGB) are widely distributed
in the environment. Two PCB were fed to groups of 10
male and 10 female weanling Sherman strain rats in
their diet at levels of 0, 20, 100, and 500 ppm Aroclor
1254 and 0, 20,100, 500, and 1000 ppm Aroclor 1260
for 8 mo. The livers of all rats exposed to the Aroclors
weighed more than those of the controls. This differ-
ence was significant for all exposed male rats (p <
0.025) and for the females fed 500 ppm of either com-
pound.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Liver, "Toxicology,
'Chlorine organic compounds, Diets, Rats, Chlorine
organic compounds, Ingestion(Biology), Laboratory
animals, Experimental data, Dosage, Bioassay, Sex,
Toxicity, Reprints, * Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic
substances, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260, Biphenyl/
hexachloro, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-277 598/9
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Evaluation of Normal and Organophosphate and
Carbamate Insecticide Inhibited Blood Cholines-
terase Activity Utilizing Dlmethylbutylacetate as a
Substrate,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
M. F. Cranmer, and A. J. Peoples. 1972,1 p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2)
P285-286,Jun72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The availability of an extremely sensitive and precise
sas chromatogaphic method for the analysis of human
blood chollnesterase led to the attempt to apply this
method to common laboratory animals where analysis
of limited blood samples is important. The results dem-
onstrate DMBA to be acceptable as a cholinesterase
substrate both for the determination of normal and in-
hibited activities in all species except the mouse,
where high levels of nonspecific plasma esterases
complicate interpretation.
Keywords: 'Carbamates, 'Cholinesterase inhibitors,
Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, Gas chroma-
tography, Enzymes, Blood chemical analysis, Labora-
tory animals, Blood plasma, Dosage, Acetates, Phar-
macology, 'Acetic acid/butyl-dimethyl, Reprints, Toxic
substances.
PB-277 599/7
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Dermal Phototoxlc Reaction from an Insecticide:
Clinical and Laboratory Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
W. C. Felsenstein, T. Gaines, and D. C. Staiff. 1971, 1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
P416,Jun71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Appropriate analyses revealed no evidence for sys-
duced positive skin reactions in rats. In the laboratory,
photoactrvity has been demonstrated in nitro with an
interesting biological test. Prompt photodecompositlon
of the compound occurs with unknown reaction
Product(s) which are under study elsewhere. Evidence
was found that under special conditions Morestan can
™so produce simple irritations and true allergic contact
dermatitis.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
8kin(Anatomy), Carbonates, Toxicity, Sulfur organic
compounds, Allergic diseases, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Phototoxictty, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Morestan.
PB-277 600/3
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Metabolic Alterations In the Squirrel Monkey In-
duced by DDT Administration and Ascorbic Acid
Deficiency,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
R. Chadwick, M. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 1971,1 p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p404,Jun?1.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The effects of DDT stress and ascorbic acid deficiency
on various mixed function oxidases, enzymes of the
glucuronic acid system, and the metabolism of 14C-
gamma HCH and 36CI-DDT were studied in the squir-
rel monkey. Daily by mouth injections of 5 mg DDT for
a 2-wk period produced significant increases in liver
weight, microsomal protein cytochrome P-450, and the
in vitro activity of various mixed function oxidases.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Ascorbic acid, 'Insec-
ticides, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Metabolism, Monkeys,
Nutritional deficiencies, Enzymes, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 601/1
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Fate of 140-Labeled o,p'-DDT In the Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. Cranmer, W. Oiler, J. Carroll, and F. Copeland.
1971,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p404,Jun71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The intent of this work was to test the reported obser-
vation that o,p'-DDT is isomerically converted to p,p'-
DDT by the rat o,p'-DDT at 50 ppm in the feed was fed
to 12 of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-
250 g for 12 wk. The levels of p,p'-DDT or p,p7-DDE
was not increased over the control levels In any of the
12 rats receiving 50 ppm o,p'-DDT for 12 wk. 14C-la-
beled o,p'-DDT was converted to 14C-labeled o,p'-
DDD, but not to 140-labeled p,p'-DDT or 14C-labeled
p,p'-DDE.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Toxicity, Rats, Labelled substances, Laboratory
animals, Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Radioactive iso-
topes, Metabolism, Bioassay, Reprints, DDD insecti-
cide, DDE insecticide, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 602/9
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Fate of 14C-Rlng and 14C-Ethyl Labeled Parathlon
In the Rhesus Monkey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
F. Copeland, M. Cranmer, J. Carroll, and W. Oiler.
1971,1p
Pub. In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p400,Jun7l.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
There is a need for an experimental species which re-
sembles man in the effects produced by exposure to
parathion, a widely used insecticide. l4C-Ring- and
l4C-ethyl-labeled parathion (0.3 mg/kg) was adminis-
tered Intravenous to 8 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta). Plasma and RBC-chollnesterase depression,
disappearance of parathion from the blood and meta-
bolites In urine were monitored.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Cholinesterase, Blood plasma, Rhesus monkeys, Ex-
posure, Labelled substances, Radioactive isotopes,
Urine, Toxicity, Toxicology, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Par-
athion, Macaca mulatta, Metabolites, Moxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 603/7
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Alterations In Liver Microsomal Metabolism of
Parathion Caused by Chronic Administration of
Dtlantln, Chloroqulne,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. E. Davis, M. F. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 1971,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
0399-400, Jun 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Monkeys and rats were fed dilantin, chloroquine, or
DDE in order to assess the effects of these com-
pounds on liver microsomal metabolism of parathion
and the inductive mechanisms involved. The feeding
of dilantin and chloroquine affected neither the cytoch-
rome P-450 level in, nor the parathion metabolism by,
rat liver microsomes. DDE administratiion greatly in-
creased the liver microsomal metabolism of parathion
but had no effect on the cytochrome P-450 level.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Drugs, 'Toxicology, Mon-
keys, Rats, Metabolism, Liver, Ribosomes,
Ingestion(Biology), Toxicity, Quinolines, Bioassay,
Quinoline/chloro-(((diethylamino)-methylbutyl)amino),
'Dilantin, 'Chloroguine.
PB-277 604/5
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Effect of Chloroquln on Hepatic Microsomal
Enzyme of the Squirrel Monkey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 11971,1 p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p395,Jun71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The present work was done to examine the possible
effect on the hepatic microsomal enzymes and P-450
content of squirrel monkeys treated with chloroquin.
Chloroquin was found to stimulate the o-demethylation
of p-nitroanisole and the oxidative hydrolysis of EPN
but not to increase hepatic P-450. A 30-day 10 mg kg/
day chloroquin pretreatment to 4 adult male squirrel
monkeys blocked the stimulation of P-450 by a 3 day 5
mg/kg administration of p,p'-DDT and decreased the
stimulation of hepatic microsomal enzymes by p,p'-
DDT.
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Antimalarials, Liver, Physiological
effects, Ingestion(Biology), Ribosomes, Enzymes,
Monkeys, Quinolines, Bioassay, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, Quinoline/chloro-(((diethylamino)-
methylbutyl)amino), 'Chloroquine.
PB-277 605/2
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
The Oral and Dermal Toxicity of Hexachlorophene
In Rats,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
T. B. Gaines, and R. D. Kimbrough. 1971,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p375/376, Jun 7f.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groupl, PB-277 586.
The toxlcity of hexachlorophene, a widely used fungici-
dal and bactericidal agent, was studied in Sherman
strain rats. The acute oral LD50 for hexachlorophene
in peanut oil solution was 56 mg kg in female rats and
66 mg kg in males. Adult female rats fed 500 ppm hex-
achlorophene in the diet for 97 days developed paraly-
sis In the hindquarters: 1 of 10 rats died.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Bactericidas,
Rats, Sex, Lethal dosage, Ingestion(Biology), Diets,
Central nervous system, Paralysis,
Reproductlon(Biology), Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Hexachlorophene,
'Toxic substances.
PB-277 606/0
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Dynamics of DDT Storage In the Squirrel Monkey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. Cranmer, F. Copeland, and J. Carroll. 1970,1 p
Pub. In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17(1)
p276,Ju!70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
It Is often desirable to study exogenous chemicals In-
cluding pesticides and drugs to ascertain a species
December 1983 343
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
which stores and metabolizes the material in a manner
similar to man. This Investigation was undertaken to
study the tissue residues of p.p'-DDT and metabolites
in the squirrel monkey.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'DOT, 'Insecticides, Labora-
tory animals, Bioassay, Metabolism, Storage, Mon-
keys, Dosage, Tlssues(Blology), Enzymes, Animal
models, Reprints, Metabolites, Pesticide residues,
ODD insecticide, DDE insecticide, Toxic substances.
PB-277 607/8
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Direct Effect of Paraoxon on Erythrocyte Metabo-
lism as Measured by 02 Uptake,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
J. A. Santolucito, and E. R. Whitcomb. 1971,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 19(2)
p397,Jun71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
In studying the effects of anticholinesterase com-
pounds, the blood has been considered primarily as an
index of exposure; however, there are reports In the lit-
erature which suggest that anticholinesterase com-
pounds may have an effect on the erythrocyte itself.
This study was undertaken to measure the metabolic
O2 uptake of rabbit erythrocytes and the rate of eryth-
rocyte removal from general circulation after exposure
to paraoxon. There was no apparent acceleration of
removal rate of the paraoxon treated erythrocyte in the
general circulation. These results suggested that par-
aoxon acted on -SH groups in blocking 02 uptake.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Cholin-
esterase Inhibitors, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxi-
cology, Metabolism, Exposure, Erythrocytes, Rabbits,
Toxicity, Blood cells, Oxygen, Laboratory animals, Bio-
assay, 'Paraoxon, Reprints, Phosphate/0-O-diethyl-
O-nitrophenyl, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 608/6
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Comparative Stimulation of gamma HCH Metabo-
lism by Pretreatment of Rats with gamma HCH,
DDT, and DDT gama HCH,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Cranmer, and A. J. Peoples.
1970,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17(1)
p289,Ju!1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Pretreatment of rats with gamma HCH, DDT, and DDT
+ gamma HCH accelerates the metabolism of gamma
HCH. A single oral dose of 14C - gamma HCH was ad-
ministered to all animals after a 2-week pretreatment
period. The treated rats excreted significantly more ra-
dioactivity and stored significantly less 14C - gamma
HCH than the control animals. Results of this study
suggest that the mechanism by which gamma HCH in-
duces its own degradation differs from the mechanism
through which DDT stimulates gamma HCH metabo-
lism.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Metabolism, Rats, Ingestion(Biology), Toxicity,
Dosage, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Chlo-
rine organic compounds. Bioassay. 'Cyclohexane/
hexachforo, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 609/4
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
The Oral Toxicity of Mlrex In Adult and Suckling
Rats,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
T. B. Gaines, and R. D. Kimbrqugh. 1969,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 14(3)
P631-632, May 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The oral toxicity of the pesticide mirex which is used in
the control of fire ants, was studied in Sherman strain
rats. The single-dose LDSO was 365 mg/kg and the
90-dose LD50. 6.0 mg/kg in adult female rats. The
chronicity factor, which is the ratio of single-dose LDSO
to 90-dose LDSO was 60.8. The highest dietary level of
mlrex tolerated without symptoms of poisoning was 50
ppm.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Toxicity, Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Lethal dosage, Lab-
oratory animals, Bioassay, Experimental data, Toxic
tolerances, Reprints, 'Mlrex, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 610/2
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Biochemical Effects In the Rabbit of Repeated
Administration of DDT, Carbaryl, and Parathlon,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
A. Hassan, and C. Cueto, Jr. 1969,1 p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 14(3)
p620-621,May69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Some biochemical effects of the repeated administra-
tion of DDT (5 mg/kg), carbaryl (5 mg/kg) and parath-
ion (0.5 mg/kg) to rabbits were studied during 222
days. No significant changes were found in the blood
or urine levels of amino acids. The tubular phosphorus
reabsorption remained unaltered.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Biochemistry, Rabbits, Laboratory animals, Blood
coagulation, Amino acids, Serotonin, Catecholamlnes,
Metabolism, 'Parathion, Reprints, 'Carbaryl, Toxic
substances.
PB-277 611/0
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
DDT Concentrations In Blood, Brain, and CSF of
Rats After DDT-lnduced Convulsions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Glenn Morrison. 1970,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17(1)
p276, Jul 70.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The study was undertaken to ascertain the absolute
and relative amounts of p,p'-DDT In blood, brain, and
cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) at a given time after the oral
administration of an intoxicating dose of the compound
in order to elucidate the role of CSF in the pathophy-
siology of DDT Intoxication. Although there have been
previous reports of blood and brain concentrations of
DDT, this study appears to represent the first reported
data of DDT in CSF.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Cerebro-
spinal fluid, Blood, Brain, Dosage, IngestionfBiology),
Toxicity, Rats, Pathology, Physiology, Bioassay,
Concentratlon(Composition), Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 612/8
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Studies on the Safety of DDVP for the Dlslnsec-
tlon of Commercial Aircraft,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Robert F. Witter, Thomas B. Gaines, J. Gordon Short,
V. A. Sedlak, and D. R. Maddock. 1961, 8p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 24 p635-642 1961.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
There is a need for a more effective method for the dis-
insection of intercontinental aircraft. A study was made
of the possible toxic hazard associated with a new
method of dlsinsection using DDVP vapour (O,O-dl-
methyl-2,2-d!chlorovinyl phosphate) as the insectlcldal
agent. In these experiments, men and monkeys were
exposed four times over one- or two-hour periods for a
total of 4-8 hours to DDVP vapour in a simulated air-
craft cabin. The concentration of DDVP was higher
and the exposure periods were longer than those
planned for use in disinsectipn. Concentrations up to
0.7 micrograms per litre of air produced no effect on
the chollnesterase of men or monkeys. It was found
that a concentration of DDVP of 0.9-3.5 mlcrogram per
litre of air caused a slight decrease In plasma chollnes-
terase of the men and the monkeys. At a DDVP con-
centration of 7.5-17.9 microgram per litre, monkeys ex-
hibited a marked drop in red cell and plasma chollnes-
terase and showed miosls, but no other signs of poi-
soning.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, "Toxicology,
Toxicity, Phosphorus organic compounds, Humans,
Monkeys, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Aircraft, ConcentratlonlCompositlon), Chollnes-
terase Inhibitors, Bioassay, Reprints, Toxic hazards,
'Toxic substances, 'DDVP Insecticide.
PB-277 613/6
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Cardiovascular Effects of o,p'-DDD,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Cipriano Cueto, Jr. 1970,2p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine, v39 n1 p55-56, Jan 70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
Daily oral administation of o,p'-DDD to dogs produced
glucocorticoid deficiency. Blood pressure and heart
contractile force and rate response to graded doses of
e >inephrine and norepinephrine were determined in
traated and untreated dogs. Vasopressor and car-
dioaccelerator responses to ouabaln were similar in
treated and untreated dogs. The induced glucocorti-
coid deficiency produced little apparent direct circula-
tory effect but diminished the ability to withstand
stressful procedures such as thoracotomy and multiple
Injections of vasopressor amines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Epinephrine, 'Norepineph-
rine, 'Insecticides, 'Cardiovascular system, 'toxicol-
ogy, Dogs, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Dosage, Responses, Hlstamines, Blood pressure,
Blooa plasma, Histology, Bioassay, Reprints, 'ODD in-
secticide, 'Glucocortlcoids, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 614/4
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Relative Toxicity of Insecticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons, and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1951,
3p
Pub. In Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, Dec 51.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The article reviews statistics on fatal chemical poison-
ing. The statistics reveal that chemical poisoning occu-
pies a minor place as a cause of death and that there
has been no significant change In the rate of fatal
chemical accidents during the last decade.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides,
Toxicity, Chemical compounds, Accidents, Toxic dis-
eases, Tables(Data), Mortality, Statistical data, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 616/9
(Order as PB-277 S86, MF A01)
Behavioral and Physiological Effscta of the Cho-
llnesterase Inhibitor Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl Methyl-
carbamate),
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Stephen I. Slderoff, and John A. Santolucito. 23 Feb
72,4p
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v9 p459-4621972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The anticholinesterase pesticide carbaryl was injected
subcutaneously Into rats lever-pressing for liquid rein-
forcement, during the test session a low Intensity foot-
shock accompanied each lever-press response with
the carbaryl rats exhibiting a smaller response decre-
ment due to the shock. In the second experiment, car-
baryl Injected rats displayed a higher behavioral
threshold to footshock. These results appear to ex-
plain other studies in which animals given anticholines-
terase agents show decreased efficiency in performing
an avoidance response. Two additional experiments
examined the effects of carbaryl on motivation for
liquid. Rats lever pressing for liquid reinforcement on
an FR-25 schedule were Injected with carbaryl. It was
found that the response onset after each reinforce-
ment was significantly delayed In the carbaryl animals.
This result, In addition to ad lib liquid consumption
data, Indicated a decreased drive for water In the car-
baryl animals. The authors findings, similar to results
obtained using chollnolytlcs, present an apparent dis-
crepancy which the authors discuss In terms of (1) the
necessity of having an optimum level of Acetylchollne
344 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(ACH) in the brain, (2) the possibility of a peripheral
mechanism, or (3) the possibility of sympathomimetic
effects of carbaryl.
Keywords: *Cholinesterase inhibitors, 'Pesticides, "In-
secticides, Carbamates, Physiological effects, Behav-
ior, Toxicity, Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, Bioassay, Pharmacology, Reprints,
'Carbaryl, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 617/7
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
DDA Excretion Levels, Studies In Persons with
Different Degrees of Exposure to DDT,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Durham, John F. Armstrong, and Griffith E.
Ouinby. 28 Jan 65,4p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v11 p76-79,
Jul 65.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The excretion of DDA in urine by people in various di-
etary, environmental, and occupational exposure
groups with regard to DDT contact was determined.
The DDA excretion levels for the general population
ranged from below the experimental limit of the analyt-
ical method (0.02 ppm) to 0.35 ppm. Of the 79 sampels
In this group which were tested, 56 (74%) did not con-
tain detectable quantities of DDA. there was no indi-
cation that any important difference in DDA excretion
level existed among the general population, meat ab-
stainers, or people with heavy environmental or light
occupational exposure. However, striking differences
in DDA excretion exist for groups with widely different
degrees of exposure.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Industri-
al hygiene, Urine, Excretion, Exposure, Diets, Environ-
ments, Storage, Metabolites, Reprints, DDA insecti-
cide, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Btoaccumulation.
PB-277 618/5
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Organophoaphorus Insecticides and Mental Alert-
ness, Studies In Exposed Workers and In Poison-
Ing Cases,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Durham, Homer R. Wolfe, and Griffith E.
Ouinby. 10 Jul 64,12p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, v10 p55-66
Janes.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The tests described were designed to test the hypoth-
esis that (1) lapeses of attentlon-whether due to
'blanking out,' 'Inappropriate sense of well-being,' or
other causes-are relatively common In persons with
extensive exposure to organic phosphorus insecti-
cides, but (2) these lapses come to attention only
when they are sufficiently prolonged and occur during
critical situations, such as the operation of aircraft. The
Alertness tests used in this study were selected primar-
ily on the basis of their capability to measure lapses of
attention. Also, they give some measure of other al-
tered mental functions, such as decreased judgment,
•though their sensitivity for this purpose Is less than
for determining lapses of attention.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Toxicology, Tables(Data), Phosphorus organic
compounds. Cognition, Central nervous system, Expo-
lure, Physiological effects, Surveys, Tests, Reprints,
Agricultural workers, 'Occupational safety and health,
Alertness, Behavior toxicology, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 618/3
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Teratogenlc Effects of Cadmium In Rats,
environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Neil Chernoff. 26 Mar 73,4p
fub. in Teratology, v8 n1 p29-32, Aug 73.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The teratogenlc effects of subcutaneous Injections of
cadmium In CO rats were Investigated. Injections of 4-
>2 mg/kg CdCI2 on 4 consecutive days beginning on
days 13-16 of gestation resulted in a dose-related rise
in the fetal death rate, decrease in fetal weight, and in-
crease in the rate of anomalies. The anomalies includ-
ed micrognathia, cleft palate, clubfoot, and small
lungs. The lung/body weight ratios were significantly
reduced in fetuses of animals injected with 8 mg/kg
CdCI2 on days 14-17 of gestation. The data indicate
that this was a specific retardation and not merely a re-
flection of differential organ growth rates and overall
fetal growth retardation.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Congenital abnormalities,
'Toxicology, Parenteral infusions, Rats, Experimental
data, Laboratory animals, Dosage, Mortality, Lung, Re-
prints, 'Teratogenesis, Teratology, Fetus, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 620/1
(Order as PB-277 586, MF A01)
Effects of Pesticides on Man,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Durham. 1965,6p
Pub. in Research In Pesticides, p93-102 1965.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 1, PB-277 586.
The article reveals that a considerable amount of Infor-
mation on the effect of pesticides on man Is available
from use experience, from human poisoning cases,
and from volunteer studies. It appears that more atten-
tion should be paid to obtaining lexicological informa-
tion based on use experience associated with work-
men occupationally exposed or residents living in prox-
imity to pesticide-treated areas. Previous study has
shown that many occupationally exposed workers suf-
fered exposures of magnitudes which could not be
safely applied to volunteers. However, studies must
also be carried out on volunteers in order to obtain in-
formation based on accurately known dosages. Infor-
mation is particularly lacking on the possible long-term
effects of small, repeated doses of pesticides on man.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial medicine, 'Toxicology, Insecticides, Humans, Ex-
posure, Absorption(Biology), Experimental data, Toxic-
ity. Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB-277 622/7 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Sludge Management: Environmental
Factors. Technical bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Oct77,152p* EPA/430/9-77/004
This Technical Bulletin has been prepared to assist
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regional Ad-
ministrators in evaluating grant applications for con-
struction of publicly owned treatment works under
Section 203(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act as amended. It also provides designers, municipal
engineers and others with Information on sludge man-
agement options. Disposal methods discussed are
land disposal, Incineration, ocean dumping, and appli-
cation to agricultural land. Guidelines are presented for
environmental impact statements for sludge disposal.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Management planning,
'Water pollution control, Government policies, Regu-
lations, Legislation, Fertilizers, Soil properties, Farm
crops, Odor control, Disinfection, Environmental im-
pacts, Heavy metals, Food chains, Monitoring, Sani-
tary landfills, Environmental impact statements, Air
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Mercury(Metal), Cad-
mium, Incinerators, Land disposal, Pathogens, Ocean
waste disposal.
PB-277 626/8 PC A06/MF A01
International Conference on Oxldsnts, 1976 -
Analysis of the Evidence and Viewpoints. Part
VIII. The r • ~ " ~ " ' ~ • •
•0*
i Issue of Optimum Oxldant Control Strat-
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Basil Dimitriades. Dec 77,106p EPA/600/3-77/120
Prepared In cooperation with Maryland Dept. of Health
and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore; Wisconsin Dept. of
Natural Resources, Madison; Michigan Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Lansing; Interstate Sanitation Commis-
sion, New York; and Texas Air Control Board, Austin,
See also Part 1.PB-276 768.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference in
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a followup review/analysis effort. The fol-
lowup effort was designed to review carefully and Im-
partially, to analyze relevant evidence and viewpoints
reported at the International Conference (and else-
where), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxidant-
related scientific issues. The review/analysis was con-
ducted by experts (who did work for the EPA or for In-
dustry) of widely recognized competence and experi-
ence in the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. Officials representing the states of
Maryland, Wisconsin, Texas, Michigan, and New York
reviewed the papers presented at the 1976 Interna-
tional Conference on Oxldants on the issue of opti-
mum oxidant control strategy, and In Part VIII offered
their viewpoints in regards to the current status and
resolution of the issue and to the needs for additional
research.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxldizers, 'Meetings,
Ozone, Reviews, Sources, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Organic compounds, Air pollution control, At-,
mospherlc chemistry.
PB-277 630/0 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Preparation and Characterization of Finely Divid-
ed Partlculate Environmental Contaminants for
Biological Experiments,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, III.
George Yamate, and Hubert Ashley. Jan 78,34p EPA/
600/1-78/005
Contract EPA-68-02-1687
The purpose of this project was to provide a central-
ized source for the preparation and characterization of
selected paniculate materials for biological experi-
ments. The participate materials of Interest were a
range of environmental contaminants known or sus-
pected to detrimentally affect human health. The pre-
pared materials were delivered to personnel at the En-
vironmental Protection Agency and to designated EPA
contractors. The centralized source approach helped
to assure that the results of biological experiments
conducted at different laboratories were comparable.
In addition, the centralized source approach placed
specialists in particle technology at the disposal of bio-
logical researchers. Thus, more intricate particle prep-
aration procedures could be undertaken than would
otherwise be the case. Source powders were collect-
ed, size classified, and characterized for use. Prepara-
tions were shipped to (1) State University of New York
at Stony Brook for two long-term series of experi-
ments, (2) life sciences Division of IIT Research Insti-
tute for two series of experiments, and (3) EPA/Cincin-
nati.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Gas analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Contaminants, Experimentation, Air pollution,
Powder(Partlcles), Fly ash, TablesJBata), Trace ele-
ments, Particle size distribution, Chemical Industry,
Concentration(Composltlon), 'Particulates.
PB-277 638/3 PC A06/MF A01
Recommended Practice for Measurement of Ex-
haust Sulfate Emission from Light-Duty Vehicles
and Trucks.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Sep 77, 97p
Various test procedures for the measurement of ex-
haust sulfate (measured as sulfuric acid) emission
from light-duty vehicles and trucks are described. Sev-
eral test sequences were examined and the conclu-
sion was reached that the sulfuric acid test should
follow the exhaust emission measurements In the test
sequence. This paper Is structured In Federal Register
format. This format Incorporates sulfuric add testing
for the 1979 and later model years, although this Is not
to be taken as an Indication that a sulfuric acid emis-
sion standard will be promulgated for the 1979 model
year. Any sections In the current Federal Emission
Test Procedure (Subpart B) which are affected by the
Incorporation of sulfuric acid testing are Included In this
recommended practice.
December 1983 345
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Sulfates, *Gas analysis, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Sulfuric acid, Chemical analysis, Air
pollution, Sampling, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Dynamometers, Concentration(Composition),
'Light duty vehicles, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-277 647/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Control of Water Pollution from Cropland: Volume
II. An Overview. Final rept. Jan 74-Jun 76,
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C.
B. A. Stewart, D. A. Woolhiser, W. H. Wischmeier, J. H.
Caro, and M. H. Frere. Jun 76,189p* ARS-H-5-2,
EPA/600/2-75/026b
See also Volume 1, PB-249 517.
Engineering and agronomic techniques to control sedi-
ment, nutrient, and pesticide losses from cropland are
identified, described, and evaluated. Methodology is
developed to enable a user to identify the potential
sources of pollutants, select a list of appropriate dem-
onstrated controls, and perform economic analyses
for final selection of controls.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Agricultural wastes,
'Farm crops, 'Water pollution abatement, Soil ero-
sion, Erosion control, Sediments, Nutrients, Pesti-
cides, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Fertilizing, Hydrology,
Soil water, Percolation, Cultivation, Vegetation, Nitro-
gen fixation, Agronomy, Civil engineering, Nonpoint
sources, Feedlot wastes.
PB-277 650/8 MF A01
Journal Articles on Worker Safety.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1967,81p-m 11 articles
Consists of PB-277 651 thru PB-277 661.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 651/6
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Protection of Workers from Pesticide Exposure,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1971,12p
Pub. in Proceedings of the Training Course 'Pesticides
and Public Health (Advanced)', January 18-20, 1971,
Atlanta, Georgia, p117-128.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Workers are often subjected to relatively high levels of
pesticide compounds when actively engaged in pest
control operations or working directly with the com-
pounds in formulating or manufacturing plants. Ill-
nesses resulting from overexposure to pesticide
chemicals do occur among such workers. Most, how-
ever, are a result of carelessness or accident. Experi-
ence has shown that if proper precautionary measures
and directions are followed even the more toxic com-
pounds can be used safely. The article discusses pre-
cautionary measures and directions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Recom-
mendations, Exposure, Protection, Safety engineering,
Atmosphere contamination control, Accident preven-
tion, Personnel, Ingestion(Physiology), Respiration,
Respiratory system, Protective clothing,
Skin(Anatomy), Industrial medicine, Toxicology, Re-
prints, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 652/4
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Protection of Workers from Exposure to Pesti-
cides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe. 1972, 5p
Pub. in Pest Control, Feb 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
The article discusses the entry of pesticides into the
body. Protection of these routes means prevention of
exposure and prevention of exposure is undoubtedly
the best insurance against poisoning. There are four
routes of entry of pesticide compounds into the body:
(1) dermal, (2) respiratory, (3) oral, and (4) through cuts
or abrasions in the skin.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Recom-
mendations, Exposures, Protection, Safety engineer-
ing, Atmosphere contamination, Accident prevention,
Personnel, Ingestion(Physiology), Industrial medicine,
Protective clothing, Toxicology, Skin(Anatomy), Respi-
ration, Respiratory system, Reprints, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 653/2
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Hazards to and Protection of Individuals Who Mix
or Apply Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe. 1971,1 Op
Pub. in Safety and Pesticide Usage, Sept. 13-16,1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Man is often subjected to relatively high levels of pesti-
cide compounds when he is actively engaged In pest
control operations or working directly with the com-
pounds in formulating plants. Experience has shown
that if proper precautinary measures and directions are
followed, even the more toxic compounds can be han-
dled safely. Although illnesses and even deaths from
pesticides occur each year in the United States, it
should be pointed out that most of these cases are
caused by carelessness or by accident. The article dis-
cusses protection of the various routes of entry of pes-
ticides to the body.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Insecti-
cides, Recommendations, Exposure, Protection,
Safety engineering, Atmosphere contamination con-
trol, Accident prevention, Personnel, Protective cloth-
ing, Industrial medicine, Toxicology, Formulation, Res-
piration, Respiratory system, Skin(Anatomy), Toxic
hazards, Reprints, Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances.
PB-277 654/0
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Workers Should be Protected from Pesticide Ex-
posure,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1973,4p
Pub. in Weeds Trees and Turf, v12 n4, Apr 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Regardless of how specifically the measures for pro-
tection of workers from pesticide exposure may be
stated for any particular situation, people who work
with such compounds must realize that there is some
element of risk involved. Accidents occur, even among
workers who are careful. The importance of dermal
and respiratory exposure certainly warrants the use of
some type of protective gear. The article also empha-
sizes that improvements in protective equipment are
needed to bring about better protection of workers.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Recom-
mendations, Exposure, Protection, Safety engineering,
Atmosphere contamination control, Accident preven-
tion, Personnel, Ingestion(Physiology), Respiration,
Respiratory system, Protective clothing,
Skin(Anatomy), Industrial medicine, Toxicology, Re-
prints, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 655/7
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Protection of Individuals Who Mix or Apply Pesti-
cides In the Field,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1972,5p
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Protective Clothing and Safety Equipment for Pesticide
Workers, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1-2,1972, p35-39.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Workers who mix or apply pesticides in the field are
often exposed to relatively high levels of such com-
pounds. Illnesses do occur as a result of overexpo-
sure, however, most are a result of carelessness or ac-
cident. Experience has shown that if the various routes
of entry of pesticides into the body are protected, even
the more toxic compounds can be used safely. There
are four routes of entry: (1) dermal, (2) respiratory, (3)
oral, and (4) through cuts or abrasions in the skin. Pro-
tection of these routes prevents exposure and preven-
tion of exposure is good insurance against poisoning.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Recom-
mendations, Exposure, Protection, Safety engineering,
Atmosphere contamination control, Accident preven-
tion, Personnel, Ingestion(Physiology), Respiration,
Respiratory system, Protective clothing,
Skin(Anatomy), Industrial medicine, Toxicology, Re-
prints, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 656/5
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Evaluation of the Health Hazards Involved In
House-Spraying with DDT,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe, Kenneth C. Walker, Joseph W. Elliott,
and William F. Durham. 1959,12p
Pub. In Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 20 p1-241959.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
The dermal and respiratory exposure of workers during
house-spraying operations has been measured to find
out the main factors affecting the exosure, and to de-
velop effective, acceptable protective measures and
clothing. Dermal exposure was found to be much
greater than respiratory exposure. The major factors
affecting exposure with a single concentration of for-
mulation appeared to be spray-pump pressure, height
of area being sprayed, and absorbency of surface.
Temperature, type of formulation, and nozzle size had
little or no effect on exposure. A plastic cape, a hard
hat with a plastic visor, and rubberized gauntlet gloves
gave a fully clothed man almost complete protection
from dermal and respiratory exposure. A tropical hel-
ment equipped with a plastic-netting veil is proposed
for field testing. This equipment gave good protection
of the shoulders, back, and chest and excellent pro-
tection of the face and neck.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, 'In-
secticides, Atmosphere contamination control, Rec-
ommendations, Protection, Protective clothing, Expo-
sure, Formulation, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Skln(Anatomy), Respiration, Respiratory system,
Safety engineering, Personnel, Industrial medicine,
Toxicology, Reprints, Toxic hazards, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 657/3
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Hazards of Equipment Contaminated with Parath-
lon,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert S. Ganelin, G. Allen Mail, and Clpriano Cueto,
Jr. 19Aug63,3p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, v8 p826-
628, Jun 64.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
The article presents three cases of organophosphorus
poisoning in which the source of exposure precipitat-
ing the illnesses appeared to be airplanes contaminat-
ed with insecticides were seen in a period of three
weeks. This experience emphasizes the fact that all
equipment used for application or handling of toxic in-
secticides, particularly the relatively stable ones such
as parathion, should be considered dangerous until
thorough decontamination procedures have been car-
ried out.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hy-
giene, Phosphorus organic compounds, Toxic dis-
eases, Aircraft, Tables(Data), Exposure, Equipment,
Arizona, Toxicology, Personnel, Industrial medicine,
Safety engineering, Contamination, Pheonix(Arizona),
Reprints, Parathion, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupation-
al safety and health.
PB-277 658/1
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Safety Precautions Related to Pesticide Use,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
346 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Homer R.Wolfe. 1967,8p
Pub. In Proceedings of the Agricultural Chemical Appli-
cation Short Course, Yakima, Washington, October
23-24,1967, p11 -A-29 -11 -A-36.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Both research and use experience indicate that the
very real hazard of certain pesticides requires appro-
priate precautions on the part of all concerned with ap-
plication of such compounds. However, approved pes-
ticides can be used safely, if the users follow recom-
mended precautions. The article presents recommen-
dations for using pesticides safely.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, 'Toxicity,
Management, Responsibilities, Toxic diseases, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Toxicology, Industrial
medicine, Protection, Accident prevention, Protective
clothing, Recommendations, Safety engineering,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Signs and symptoms, Therapy,
Physiological effects, Occupational diseases, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-277 659/9
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Safety In the Use of Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe, and William F. Durham. 1966,8p
Pub. In Proceedings of the Eastern Washington Fertil-
izer and Pesticide Conference (2nd), Washington
State University, p14-21 1966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety. PB-277 650.
Any worker who might become involved In the han-
dling of pesticides should not only be well informed
about the effectiveness of various chemicals in control
of insects, weeds, fungi, and other pests, but also he
should be well acquainted with the potential health
hazards involved in the use of these materials. The fol-
lowing information concerning the toxicity of the more
widely used pesticides, as well as some suggested
precautions to follow when using such compounds,
should be helpful to anyone working with pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Hazards,
Toxic diseases, Insecticides, Safety engineering, In-
dustrial medicine, Toxicity, Toxicology, Therapy, Pre-
ventive medicine, Recommendations, Atmosphere
contamination control, Accident prevention, Protective
clothing, Protection, Lethal dosage, Signs and symp-
toms, Occupational diseases, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB-277 660/7
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Site Handling of Pesticides In Forest and Range
Land Areas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1967,8p
Pub. in Pesticides, Pest Control and Safety in Forest
and Range Lands, n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
The article discusses the importance of workers be-
coming well informed concerning the hazards involved
in the use of pesticides if these chemicals are to be
used safely. Information on the pesticide If these
chemicals are to be used safely. Information on the
pesticide label represents the results of research and
legislation in the Interest of safety to the user and the
general public. However, it is the individual user who
must take personal responsibility to read the label and
follow the directions. If this is not done, some hazards
may exist, accidents and illnesses may occur, and
there may be excessive contamination of the environ-
ment
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hygiene, Hazards,
Toxic diseases, Industrial medicine, Safety engineer-
ing, Toxicity, Forest land, Protective clothing, Accident
prevention, Health education, Labels, Contamination,
Protection, Toxicology, Reprints, Toxic hazards, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Rangeland, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-277 681/5
(Order as PB-277 650, MF A01)
Safe Use of Pesticides by Mosquito Control Work-
ers,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R. Wolfe. 1972,4p
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the
Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control Association
(11th), Richland, Washington, October 13-15, 1971,
p78-81 1972.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Worker
Safety, PB-277 650.
Even though a few of the pesticides currently used for
mosquito control are comparatively toxic, the authors
research has Indicated that workers are generally ex-
posed to relatively small fractions of a toxic dose each
day. These findings are consistent with the Idea that
pesticides can be used safely, provided recommended
precautions are followed. However, excess exposure
due to accident or lapses In adherence to safety pre-
cautions might be sufficient to allow poisoning to
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Industrial hy-
giene, Culicidae, Toxicity, Industrial medicine, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Lethal dosage, Rats, Laboratory animals, Protection,
Protective clothing, Physiological effects, Exposure,
Accident prevention, Skin(Anatomy), Respiratory
system, Ingestlon(Blology), Reprints, Mosquitoes,
'Occupational safety and health, Carbamates, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-277 662/3 MF A01
Journal Articles on Miscellaneous Pesticide Stud-
lea. Group 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1973,47p-in 6 articles
Consists of PB-277 663 thru PB-277 668.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides.
PB-277 663/1
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
Public Health Pesticides,
Public Health Service, Savannah, Ga. Technical De-
velopment Labs.
1973,21 p
Reprint No. 530 on Malaria Program. Pub. in Pest Con-
trol, p1-21, Apr 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 662.
The purpose of the article is to keep health depart-
ments, municipalities and other agencies involved In
the control of disease vectors and rodents currently
advised on compounds that are effective and can be
used safety. Emphasis Is placed on new developments
in the general field of vector control and on com-
pounds of value to agencies engaged in control or
eradication programs. This report includes pesticides
for mosquitoes, flies, fleas, bedbugs, ticks, chiggers,
lice, cockroaches, venomous arthropods, and rodents.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, Hazards, Cullcl-
dae, Diptera, Coleoptera, Arthropods, Rodents, Lice,
Reprints.
PB-277 664/9
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
Agricultural Chemicals and Public Health,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1954,6p
Pub. In Public Health Reports, n3245 V69 n10 p893-
898,0ct54.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 682.
The report describes actual cases of exposure and ac-
cidents from agricultural chemicals. It also gives a
classification of hazards.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Safety, 'Agriculture, Expo-
sure, Hazards, Classifications, Reprints, Pesticide resi-
dues.
PB-277 665/6
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
Observe the Rule, An Ounce of Prevention When
Using the New Insecticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William M. Upholt. 1955,2p
Pub. in American Fruit Grower, May 55.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 662.
The report discusses the safety measures that should
accompany the use of organic phosphorus com-
pounds, which are used for fruit crops. It also de-
scribes a blood test for these pesticides, protective
measures, and symptoms, of the poison.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Safety, 'Agriculture, Fruit
crops, Exposure, Blood analysis, Protection, Signs and
symptoms, Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Pesti-
cide residues, Reprints.
PB-277 666/4
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
Life-Saving Suggestion* on Handling Parathlon or
TEPP or, What can Parathlon or TEPP Do to You,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William M. Upholt. 1956,3p
Pub. in Better Fruit Magazine, Jul 56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 662.
The report describes safety measures that should ac-
company the use of organic phosphorus compounds,
which are used as a pesticide fr fruit crops. It also dis-
cusses a blood test for these pesticides, protective
measures, and symptoms of the poision.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Safety, 'Agriculture, Materi-
als handling, Nltro compounds, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds. Blood analy-
sis, Signs and symptoms, Parathion, Phosphorothlolc
acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitrophenyl-ester), Pes-
ticide residues, Pyrophosphoric acid/tetraethyl, Re-
prints.
PB-277 667/2
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
Safety Problems Related to Transportation and
Storage of Toxic Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1972,7p
Pub. In Industrial Production and Formulation of Pesti-
cides In Developing Countries, v1 p145-151 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 662.
The provision of Information on the toxicity and hazard
of pesticides, as well as safety rules for their storage
and transportation, is important in minimizing acci-
dents. The report presents guidelines which are given
to those involved In clean-up operations after an acci-
dent has occurred.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Safety, Storage, Disposal,
Materials handling, Containers, Accident prevention,
Highways, Decontamination, Cleaning, Warehouses,
Hazards, 'Pesticide residues, Reprints.
PB-277 666/0
(Order as PB-277 662, MF A01)
EPA'a Registration Requirements for Insect Be-
havior Controlling Chemicals-Philosophy and
Mandates,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
William G. Phillips. 1976,10p
Pub. in ACS Symposium Series, n23 n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 1, PB-277 662.
The report discusses the use and principles of phero-
mones for insect control. Proposed regulations tor use
of the attractant for monitoring pests, and population
suppression are also Included.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Regulations, 'Attractants^.
Government policies, Licenses, Monitoring, Safety.
December 1983 347
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-277 671/4 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
The Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide on Lung Function
In Normal Subjects. Final rapt.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst. of Environmental
Stress.
Steven M. Horvath, and Lawrence J. Folinsbee. Jan
78,82p EPA/600/1-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1757
Cardtopulmonary and metabolic responses of three
groups, each consisting of five adult males (age 19-29)
were determined before, during, and after a 2 hour ex-
posure to 0.0.62 plus or minus 0.12 ppm N02 at 25C
and 45% RH. The three groups exercised during expo-
sure at 40% of V02 max for either 12, 30, or 60 min.
for groups C, A, and B, respectively. During the exer-
cise periods the ventilation was about 33 liters/min, a
four-fold Increase over the resting level. There were no
physiologically significant cardiovascular, metabolic,
or pulmonary function changes which could be attribut-
ed to exposure to this level of NO2 (0.62 ppm). There
were no differences between the groups in their re-
sponse despite the fact that groups A and B received
more NO2 as a result of 28% and 64% greater ventila-
tions, respectively.
Keywords: *Lunfl' 'Nitrogen dioxide,
'Stress(Physlology), Cardiovascular system, Respira-
tory system, Metabolism, Exercise(Physiology), Respi-
ration, Air pollution, Tables(Data), Physiological ef-
fects, Males, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Respira-
tory function tests.
PB-277 872/2 PC A05/MF A01
SR-52 Programmable Calculator Programs for
Venturi Scrubbers and Electrostatic Predpltators.
Final rept. Jun-Aug 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Leslie E. Sparks. Mar 78,78p* EPA/600/7-78/026
The report provides useful tools for estimating panicu-
late removal by venturi scrubbers and electrostatic
preclpitators. Detailed descriptions are given for pro-
grams to predict the penetration (one minus efficiency)
for each device. These programs are written specifi-
cally for the Texas Instruments SR-52 programmable
calculator. Each program Includes a general descrip-
tion of the mathematical model on which the program
Is based and the formulas and numerical techniques
used In adapting the model to the SR-52. Numerical
examples, program listing, and user instructions are in-
cluded.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, "Electrostatic precipitators, Mathematical
models, Programming manuals, Particles, Numerical
analysis, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Computer programs, SR-52 programmable calcula-
tors, 'Venturi scrubbers.
PB-277 873/0 PC A08/MF A01
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network, EPA
Region VIII Energy Areas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
George Boulter, and Barry Levene. Oct 77,157p EPA/
908/4-77/011
The ambient air quality monitoring network located In
Energy development areas in the states in Region VIII
(Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Utah and Wyoming) is described. The data collected
from these monitoring locations for several years is
summarized. Comparisons between data collected in
1976 and 1976 at selected monitoring sites Is present-
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Monitoring, Colorado, Mon-
tana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming,
Tables(Data), Concentratlon(Composltlon), Sites, 'Air
quality data, 'EPA region 8.
PB-277 682/1 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Purk, N.C.
348 Vol. 83, No. 26
The National Environmental Specimen Bank. Pro-
ceedings of the Joint EPA/NBS Workshop on
Recommendations and Conclusions on the Na-
tional Environmental Specimen Bank Held at the
National Bureau of Standards, Qalthersburg,
Maryland on August 19-20,1976,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Inst.
for Materials Research.
Harry L. Rook, and George M. Goldstein. Feb 78,62p
NBS-SP-501
Sponsored in part by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C. Library of Congress
Catalog Card no. 78-682.
The Workshop consisted of a review session where
past considerations were discussed; a technical ses-
sion where recent analytical research relevant to the
sample bank was abstracted and discussed; and a
planning session where planning and design of a pro-
totype banking system was outlined. The workshop
concluded that with the ever increasing influx of new
man-made substances into our ecosystem, that a for-
malized, systematic approach is needed to assess the
environmental impact of these substances on a na-
tional as well as an international level. The technology
and was formulated into a five-year pilot bank program.
This program will be evaluated at each stage of devel-
opment.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Ecology, Samples, Environ-
ments, Objectives, Research, Design, Planning, Data,
Demography, Technology, 'Specimen banks, Analyt-
ical methods.
PB-277 743/1 PC A02/MF A01
Report on the Plant Evaluation at Old Faithful
Wastewater Treatment Plant - Yellowstone Na-
tional Park. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Owen Boe, and Leon Malloy. Aug 77,14p EPA/908/3-
77/004
The National Park Service has recently constructed
several new wastewater treatment facilities at the Yel-
lowstone National Park. To ensure that their new facili-
ties perform as expected, the superintendent of the
Yellowstone National Park requested assistance from
the EPA to train park personnel in process control pro-
cedures and to provide performance evaluations of
treatment facilities. Specific technical assistance was
requested for the nitrification-denitrification process at
the Old Faithful facility. The report describes the rec-
ommendations made to improve the process.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Performance evaluation, National parks, Rec-
ommendations, Process control, Nitrification, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Drying, Sludge digestion,
Clarification, Temperature, Chlorinatlon, Aeration,
Lagoons(Ponds), Wyoming, 'Sewage treatment
plants, Yellowstone National Park, Denitrification.
PB-277 768/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C,
Nonpolnt Source Sampling Design Report
Areawlde Waste Treatment Management Plan for
the Greater Houston Area. Final rept.
Dannenbaum Engineering Corp., Houston, Tex.
Jul77,113p
Prepared In cooperation with Espey, Huston and Asso-
ciates, Inc., Austin, Tex., Houston-Galveston Area
Council, Tex. and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
The report outlines procedures and recommends con-
siderations with regard to the gathering of a data base
for the characterization of nonpoint sources of water
pollution within the Greater Houston 208 Planning
Area. Also, it summarizes existing water quality sam-
pling programs and evaluates their effectiveness in de-
termining the magnitude of nonpoint sources.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, 'Urban
areas, Project planning, Tests, Runoff, Surface waters,
Sewage, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Stream flow, Bacteria,
Primary biological productivity, Bioassay, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Tables(Data), Texas, 'Nonpoint
sources, 'HoustonfTexas), 'Water pollution sampling.
PB-277 771/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Work Plan for Completing a Technology Assess-
ment of Western Energy Resource Development,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Frank J. Calzonetti. Feb 78,
71 p* EPA/600/7-78/012
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
This is a work plan for completing the final phase of a
three year technology assessment of the development
of six energy resources (coal, geothermal, natural gas,
oil, oil shale, and uranium) in eight western states (Ari-
zona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North and
South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) during the period
from the present to the year 2000. The work described
consists mainly of the analysis of alternative policies
for enhancing the benefits and controlling adverse im-
pacts of development, as well as some additional work
at identifying and evaluating development impacts.
Keywords: 'Energy source development, 'Regional
planning, Technology assessment, Environmental im-
pacts, Energy policy, Social effect, Economic impact,
Crude oil, Petroleur.-., Coal, Oil shale, Natural gas, Ura-
nium, Geothermal energy, Arizona, Colorado, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota,
'Western Region(United States).
PB-277 776/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air and Waste Management.
Information Documents on Automobile Emissions
Inspection and Maintenance Programs. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Benjamin Kincannon, and Alan H. Castaline. Feb 78,
104p GCA-TR-77-14-G(2), EPA/400/2-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4458
This document Is prepared pursuant to Section
108(f)(1)(A)(i) of the Clean Air Act which requires that
information be published on the processes, proce-
dures, and methods to reduce or control motor vehicle
emissions through Inspection and maintenance pro-
grams. Included are basic information for those who
are unfamiliar with Inspection/maintenance and refer-
ences for those who wish to go into specific topics in
greater detail. Subjects treated include: (1) Benefits
and costs; (2) Alternative methods tor implementing
programs; (3) Legal and administrative considerations
of inspection/maintenance; (4) Inspection/mainte-
nance problem areas; and, (5) Summaries of existing
programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Exhaust emissions, Benefit cost analysis.
Substitutes, Law enforcement, Quality control, Tests,
Garages, 'Automobile exhaust.
PB-277 834-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,6858p-in 53 reports
Consists of PB-277 835 thru PB-277 887.
No abstract available.
PB-277 834-SET PCS322.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Final rept. on Phase 1.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,53 reports
This study is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement In the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radi-
ation, solid waste, and wastewater - are analyzed, to-
gether with energy-related programs currently accen-
tuated by the national effort to solve energy supply
problems. The report identifies existing workforce
levels, training programs, career opportunities, and
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
future staffing level projections (1976-1982). Other In-
dividual documents are also available:
Alabama. Dec 77, 1 49p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
835/5
Alaska. Dec 77, 1 1 5p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
836/3
Arizona. Dec 77, 1 34p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
837/1
Arkansas. Dec 77, 1 1 0p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
838/9
California. Dec 77, 1 76p PC A09, MF A01 PB-277
839/7
Colorado. Dec 77, 1 1 8p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
840/5
Connecticut. Dec 77, 1 1 7p PC A06, MF A01 PB-
277 841/3
Delaware. Dec 77, 95p PC A05, MF A01 PB-277
842/1
Florida. Dec 77, 1 52p PC A08, MF A01 PB-277
843/9
Georgia. Dec 77, 1 80p PC A09, MF A01 PB-277
844/7
Hawaii. Dec 77, 97p PC A05, MF A01 PB-277
845/4
Idaho. Dec 77, 1 05p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
846/2
Illinois. Dec 77, 1 71 p PC A08, MF A01 PB-277
847/0
Indiana. Dec 77, 1 97p PC A09, MF A01 PB-277
848/8
Iowa. Dec 77, 1 02p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
849/6
Kansas. Dec 77, 180p PC A09, MF A01 PB-277
850/4
Kentucky. Dec 77, 128p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
851/2
Louisiana. Dec 77, 1 03p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
852/0
Maine. Dec 77, 1 16p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
853/8
Maryland. Dec 77, 124p PC A06.MFA01 PB-277
854/6
Massachusetts. Dec 77, 131 p PC A07, MF A01
PB-277 866/3
Michigan. Dec 77, 1 43p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
Minnesota. Dec 77, 146p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 867/9
Mississippi. Dec 77, 1 28p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 868/7
Missouri. Dec 77, 1 20p PC A08, MF A01 PB-277
859/5
Montana. Dec 77, 143p PC A07, MFA01 PB-277
860/3
Nebraska. Dec 77, 1 08p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
881/1
Nevada. Dec 77, 1 0Op PC A05, MF A01 PB-277
862/9
New Hampshire. Dec 77, 105p PC A06, MF A01
PB-277 863/7
New Jersey. Dec 77, 120p PC A06.A01 PB-277
864/5
NewMexico.Dec77,131pPCA07,MFA01 PB-
277 866/2
New York. Dec 77. 1 24p PC A06, MF A01 PB-
277 866/0
North Carolina. Dec 77, 202p PC A10, MF A01
PB-277 867/8
North Dakota. Dec 77, 100p PC A05.MFA01 PB-
277 868/6
Ohio. Dec 77, 161pPCA08,MFA01 PB-277
869/4
Oklahoma. Dec 77, 1 29p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 870/2
Oregon. Dec 77, 167p PC A08.MFA01 PB-277
871/0
Pennsylvania. Dec 77, 1 09p PC A06, MF A01 PB-
277 872/8
Rhode Island. Dec 77, 93p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-
277 873/6
South Carolina. Dec 77, 143p PC A07, MF A01
PB-277 874/4
South Dakota. Dec 77, 102p PC A06, MF A01
PB-277 875/1
Tennessee. Dec 77, 1 55p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-
277 876/9
Texas. Dec 77, 165pPCA08,MFA01 PB-277
877/7
Utah. Dec 77, 126pPCA07,MFA01 PB-277
878/5
Vermont. Dec 77, 1 36p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
879/3
Virginia. Dec 77, 1 27p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
880/1
Washington. Dec 77, 1 28p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 881/9
West Virginia. Dec 77,94p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-
277 882/7
Wisconsin. Dec 77,141 p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 883/6
Wyoming. Dec 77,134p PC A07, MF A01 PB-277
884/3
District of Columbia. Dec 77,94p PC A05, MF A01
PB-277 886/0
Puerto Rico. Dec 77, 94p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-
277 886/8
Virgin Islands. Dec 77,90p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-
277 887/6
PB-277 888-SET PC E19
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce Aa-
MMtnent.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,1149p in 10 reports
Consists of PB-277 889 thru PB-277 898.
No abstract available.
PB-277 888-SET PCS50.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Final rept. on Phase 1.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,10 reports
This study is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement in the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radi-
ation, solid waste, and wastewater -- are analyzed, to-
gether with energy-related programs currently accen-
tuated by the national effort to solve energy supply
problems. The report Identifies existing workforce
levels, training programs, career opportunities, and
future staffing level projections (1976-1982) based on
the information available for EPA Region 1. Other Indi-
vidual documents are also available:
Region I. Dec 77,192p PC A09, MF A01 PB-277
Region II. Dec 77,106p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
890/0
Region III. Dec 77,111 p PC A06, MF A01 PB-277
891/8
Region IV. Dec 77,143p PC A07, MF A01 PB-
277 892/6
Region V. Dec 77,94p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-277
893/4
ReglonVI.Dec77,109pPCA06,MFA01 PB-
277 894/2
Region VII. Dec 77,106p PC A06.MFA01 PB-
277 896/9
Region VIII. Dec 77,107p PC A06, MF A01) PB-
277 896/7
Region IX. Dec 77,83p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-277
897/6
Region X. Dec 77,98p PC AOS, MF A01 PB-277
898/3
PB-277 899-SET PC E13
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment, National Summary.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,681 p-in 4 reports
Set Includes PB-277 900 thru PB-277 903.
No abstract available.
PB-277 899-SET PCI28.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. National Summary. Final rept. on Phase
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
1977,4 reports
This study is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement In the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radi-
ation, solid waste, and wastewater -- are analyzed, to-
gether with energy-related programs currently accen-
tuated by the national effort to solve energy supply
problems. The report Identifies existing workforce
levels, training programs, career opportunities, and
future staffing level projections (1976-1982) based on
the Information available for the states of Alabama
through Indiana. Other Individual documents are also
available:
Volume One: Alabama-Indiana. Dec 77,180p PC
A09, MFA01 PB-277 900/7
Volume Two: Iowa-Nebraska. Dec 77,167p PC
A08.MFA01 PB-277 901/5
Volume Three: Nevada-South Carolina. Dec 77,
167pPCA08, MFA01 PB-277 902/3
Volume Four: South Dakota-Virgin Islands. Dec 77,
167p PC A08, MF A01 PB-277 903/1
PB-277 904/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Off Ice of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment, Business and Industry. Final rept. on
Phase 1.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
Dec77,73p
Grant EPA-T900-591 -01-0
This study Is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement In the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radiation,
solid waste, and wastewater - are analyzed, together
with energy-related programs currently accentuated by
the national effort to solve energy supply problems.
The report contains the Information and data collected
from the private Industrial sector In the areas of pollu-
tion control and abatement. Included are indications of
current workforce levels and career potentials as sup-
plied by numerous Industrial respondents. Much of the
Information presented Is based upon best professional
estimates developed from available Information and Is
representative of a particular company or group of
companies rather than the Industry as a whole.
Keywords: 'Environmental protection, 'Manpower,
Assessments, Requirements, Specialized training,
Personnel development, Predictions, Air pollution
abatement, Water pollution abatement, Solid wastes,
Industries, Businesses, Noise pollution, Pesticides,
Radioactive wastes, States(Unlted States), Energy
management, Energy source development, Organiza-
tions, Career opportunities, Labor force, Private enter-
prise.
PB-277 906/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment, National Legislation. Final rept. on
Phase 1.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
Dec77,73p
Grant EPA-T900-591-01-0
This study Is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement In the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radiation,
solid waste, and wastewater -- are analyzed, together
with energy-related programs currently accentuated by
the national effort to solve energy supply problems.
The report contains abstracts of Federal environmen-
tal legislation. An attempt was made to deal with major
legislation In each of the eight program areas being
studied. For the most part, these laws are adminis-
tered by the Environmental Protection Agency; howev-
er, the Federal Energy Administration Is active in the
energy area, and the Atomic Energy Commission and
Nuclear Regulatory Commission have roles In control-
ling radiation. Also, the Department of Commerce and
the Coast Guard enforce many off-shore water pollu-
tion control efforts. Much of the legislation for which ci-
tations are given is directly Involved with conservation
and Is administered by the Department of the Interior.
Keywords: 'Environmental protection, 'Manpower,
'Legislation, Assessments, Requirements, Speclal-
IzecTtraining, Personnel development, Predictions, Air
pollution abatement, Water pollution abatement, Solid
wastes, Law(Jurlsprudence), National government,
Noise pollution, Pesticides, Radioactive wastes,
December 1983 349
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
States(United States), Energy management, Energy
source development, Career opportunities, Labor
force.
PB-277 906/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment, National Abstract
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa.
Dec77,74p
Grant EPA-T900-591 -01 -0
This study is one of 70 volumes assessing the work-
force needs (manpower needs) for pollution control
and abatement In the United States for the five-year
period of 1976 through 1981. Seven fields for pollution
control - air, noise, pesticides, potable water, radiation,
solid waste, and wastewater - are analyzed, together
with energy-related programs currently accentuated by
the national effort to solve energy supply problems.
The report summarizes information from the other vol-
umes on existing workforce levels, training programs,
career opportunities, and future staffing level projec-
tions (1976-1982).
Keywords: * Environmental protection, 'Manpower,
Assessments, Requirements, Specialized training,
Personnel development, Predictions, Air pollution
abatement, Water pollution abatement, Solid wastes,
Noise pollution, Pesticides, Radioactive wastes,
States(0nited States), Energy management, Energy
source development, Statistical data, Career opportu-
nities, Labor force.
PB-277 917/1 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy/Environment II. Proceeding* of National
Conference on the Interagency R and D Program
(2nd) Hald at Washington, D.C. on June 6 and 7,
1977.
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Vitro
Labs. Dlv.
Nov 77,514p* EPA/600/9-77/025
Contract EPA-68-01 -2934
This report contains the proceedings from the Second
National Conference on the Interagency Energy/Envi-
ronment R&D Program, which was held in Washington,
D.C. on June 6 and 7,1977. All papers presented at
the conference along with discussion from question
and answer periods are Included in the text. Topics dis-
cussed include the following: Fuel processing; utility
and Industrial power; extraction and beneflciation; inte-
grated technology assessment; health effects; atmos-
pheric transport and fate; measurement and monitor-
Ing; ecological effects.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, 'In-
dustrial plants, Remote sensing, Ground water, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Fluidized bed processors, Oil shale, Fuels, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Soils, Mines, Flue gas, Parti-
cles, Nitrogen oxides, Management planning, Coal
preparation, Desulfurization, Technology, Assess-
ments, Environmental impacts, Public health, Substi-
tutes, Energy resources, Monitoring, Sulfur dioxide,
Plants(Botany), Standards, Oil spills, Field tests, Opti-
cal radar, Ecology, Metabolism, Bioassay, Atmospher-
ic diffusion, Synthetic fuels, Stationary sources, Solid
wastes, Energy sources, Water quality data.
PB-277 931/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Payette Lake, Valley County, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,48p WORKING PAPER-784
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included in the ,'eport.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Payette Lake, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Idaho, 'Water qual-
ity data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic load-
ings, Valley County(ldaho).
PB-277 932/0 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Utah Lake, Utah County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,89p WORKING PAPER-861
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Utah Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Utah, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Utah County(Utah).
PB-277 936/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Plnevlew Reservoir, Weber County, Utah. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,45p WORKING PAPER-853
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pineview Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Weber County(Utah).
PB-277 937/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Pelican Lake, Ulntah County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,34p WORKING PAPER-852
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
San Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pelican Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Uintah(Utah).
PB-277 939/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Otter Creek Reservoir, Plute County, Utah. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,36p WORKING PAPER-850
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Dlv.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Otter Creek Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Piute County(Utah).
PB-277 940/3 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Nayajo Lake, Kane County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,24p WORKING PAPER-848
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Navajo Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Kane County(Utah).
PB-277 974/2 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Region III.
Environmental Aapacta of the New-Source NPDES
(National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System)
Permit Program for the West Virginia Surface
Coal Mining Industry, 1977-1980. Final rept.
McCormick (Jack) and Associates, Inc., Berwyn, Pa.
Mar 77,244p EPA/903/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4157
This report was prepared to assist US-EPA III as it ex-
tends its regulatory purview to the West Virginia sur-
face coal mining Industry under the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) established by
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972 (FWPCA, P.L. 92-500). It (1) describes existing
conditions and trends in the surface coal mining indus-
try, (2) identifies known environmentally sensitive re-
sources throughout the State, (3) comments on the
probable future flow of applications for newsource
NPDES permits and on policy alternatives which must
be specified by US-EPA as the new program is Imple-
mented, and (4) presents the conclusions and recom-
mendations of the consultant to US-EPA Region III for
implementation of the NPDES program. (Color illustra-
tions reproduced In black and white)
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Environ-
mental impacts, 'WestVirginia,Geologicairnaps,Strip
mining, Regulations, Government policies, Ecology,
Water pollution, Licenses, Government policies, Mine
waters, National government, State government, Site
surveys, Reserves, Archaeology, water resources,
Fishes, Marine biology, Land use, Public land, Caves,
Recreational facilities, Farms, Watersheds, Environ-
mental impact statements, Mine acid drainage, Water
pollution effects(Animals), Guidelines.
PB-278 015/3 PC A04/MF A01
An Ordering of the NIOSH Suspected Carcino-
gens List Based on Production and Use Data.
Final technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Charlie Auer. Mar 78,74p* EPA/560/1 -78/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4103
Prepared in cooperation with Blospherlcs, Inc., Rock-
ville, Md., Contract EPA-68-01 -4103. See also PB-251
851.
Building on an earlier EPA report entitled 'On Ordering
of the NIOSH Suspected Carcinogens List Based Only
on Data Contained In the List' (EPA 560/1-76-001),
350 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the present document represents the second OTS
effort to arrange the substances presented in the
NIOSH Suspected Carcinogens Subfile in a meaning-
ful and useful way for EPA purposes. Employing readi-
ly available information on the uses and commercial
significance of the chemicals listed in the NIOSH Sub-
file, OTS has further refined the initial ordering Into the
four tables contained in this report.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, 'Directories, Toxicology,
Chemical compounds, Malignant neoplasms, Public
health, 'Toxic substances, Cancer, Occupational
safety and health, Environmental health.
PB-278 059/1 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Alternatives for Hazardous Waste Management In
the Organic Chemical, Pesticides and Explosives
Industries. Final rept.,
Processes Research, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
J. M. Genser, A. H. Zipperstein, S. P. Klosky, and P. S.
Farber. 2 Sep 77,286p* EPA/530/SW-151C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4127
See also PB-274 565.
Potential alternative treatment methods are evaluated
for a total of 24 waste streams selected from the report
'Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices
of the Organic Chemicals, Pesticides and Explosives
Industries. Potential alternatives are physical, chemi-
cal and biological processes identified in the report
'Analysis of Potential Application of Physical, Chemical
and Biological Treatment Techniques to Hazardous
Waste Management'. The primary objectives are to
select alternative treatment methods capable of re-
covering resources, energy and/or detoxification.
Benefits and environmental advantages and disadvan-
tages are discussed. Costs for each method are tabu-
lated and compared with incineration and land dispos-
al. Study results indicate: (1) Potential opportunities for
finding economically and environmentally sound alter-
natives to incineration or land disposal for waste
streams; (2) Promising techniques for recovery of raw
materials, resources, for recycling intermediate, for Im-
proving yield, and for sale of by-products; (3) Strong
needs for research, development and demonstration
projects by chemical manufacturers for their own plant
wastes.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Pesticides, 'Explosives, Substitutes, Incinerators,
Cost analysis, Comparison, Design criteria, Process
charting, Management planning, Byproducts, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial waste treatment, Purifica-
tion, Materials recovery, Centrifuging, Sludges, Earth
fills, Neutralization, Scrubbing, Hazardous materials,
Distillation, Filters, Catalysts, Activated carbon, Ad-
sorption, Technology, 'Solid waste disposal, Liquid
wastes, Land disposal, Alkaline scrubbing, Biological
Industrial waste treatment, Waste recycling.
PB-278 081/5 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1968,83p-in12 articles
Consists of PB-278 082 thru PB-278 093.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides.
PB-278 082/3
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Cardiovascular Effects of o,p'-DDD,
National Communicable Disease Center, Perrine, Fla.
Pesticides Research Lab.
Clprian Cueto, Jr. 1968,1p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 37(7) p520,
Jul68.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
Dally oral administration of o.p'-DDD to dogs produced
glucocorticoid deficiency. This was demonstrated by a
decreased plasma hydroxy corticosteroids (17 OHCS)
and the abolition of ACTH-lnduced Increase In 17
OHCS and decrease of eoslnophlles. Plasma volume,
Na+, K+, and blood pressure and heart rate were un-
altered. After two weeks of treatment with o.p'-DDD
the dogs were anesthetized for pharmacological eval-
uation. Blood pressure and heart contractile force and
rate responses to graded doses of eplnephrine and
norepinephrine were determined in treated and in un-
treated dogs. As a final test, cardiac contractile force
response to ouabain was determined.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides,
Ingestion(Biology), Dogs, Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Physiological effects, Cardiovascular
system, Bloassay, Reprints, "ODD Insecticide, 'Toxic
substances, Glucocortlcoids. <
PB-278 083/1
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
The Determination of Pentachlorophenol and
Hexachlorophene In Human Adipose Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
T. M.Shafik. 1973, 7p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n1 p57-63 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-278081.
The Identification and quantltation of potential chemi-
cal pollutants and their metabolites In human adipose
tissue are of great Importance for monitoring human
exposure to these environmental compounds. The two
highly chlorinated phenols, pentachlorophenol (PCP)
and hexachlorophene (2,2-methylenebis (3,4,6-trlch-
lorophenol)) (HCP), are widely used, and the article es-
tablishes the extent of their storage In human adipose
tissue.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Tissues(Blology),
Humans, Experimental data, Analyzing, Tables(Data),
Phenols, Storage, Reprints, Adipose tissue, * Phenol/
pentachloro, 'Hexachlorophene, Metabolites, Pesti-
cide residues, 'Toxic substances, Bloaccumulation.
PB-278 084/9
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
A Cleanup Procedure for the Determination of
Low Levels of Alkyl Phosphates, Thlophosphatea,
and Dlthlophosphates In Rat and Human Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Mohammed T. Shaflk, Diane Bradway, and Henry F.
Enos. 1971,5p
Pub. In Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v19 n5 p885-
889,Sep/Oct71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
A method has been developed for the cleanup of rat
and human urine extracts which permits quantitative
analysis of alkyl phosphates at a level considerably
lower than heretofore possible. The method has been
used for analysis of urine from rats exposed to parath-
ion. Results Indicate that the analysis of urine for alkyl
phosphates constitutes an excellent tool for monitor-
Ing both acute and chronic exposure to parathion in
the general population.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Monitors, Rats, Humans,
Urine, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Dosage,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Organic phosphates,
Reprints, 'Phosphorodlthloates, ^Thlophosphates,
•Parathion, 'Toxic substances, 'Urinalyals.
PB-278 085/6
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Chollnesterase Response and Symptomatology
from Exposure to Organic Phosphorus Insecti-
cides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
W. Taylor Sumerford, Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., J. Monte
Johnston, Kenneth Walker, and Janet Splllane. 1953,
16p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Oc-
cupational Medicine, v7 p383-388, May 53.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
In 1951,258 persons with different degrees of agricul-
tural exposure to organic phosphorus Insecticides
were studied In regard to blood cholinesterase values
and symptomatology. The average cholinesterase
values for groups known to have definite and consist-
ent exposure snowed significant reduction during the
period of exposure. Average erythrocyte enzyme
values for mixing-plant personnel, commercial applica-
tors, and part-time applicators were 0.46, 0.65, and
0.69, respectively, as compared with 0.72, the lowest
average value found for any group during the preexpo-
sure period. The average cholinesterase values for
groups with little or no exposure to insecticides re-
mained normal or showed changes so small that their
significance is in doubt. Although extensive day-to-day
exposure was regularly associated with reduced blood
cholinesterase, the only fatal and near-fatal cases
which were found were associated with brief, massive
exposure and gross carelessness. Illness character-
ized by myosis or by any three of a group of selected
symptoms was considered suggestive of poisoning but
not absolutely diagnostic of it in isolated cases. Such
Illness was Increased in the definitely exposed groups
during the period of their exposure.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial
medicine, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Exposure, Signs and symptoms,
Tables(Data), Physiological effects, Responses,
Humans, Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances.
PB-278 086/4
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls: Evidence of Tranapla-
cental Passage In the Sherman Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
August Curley, V. W Burse, and Mary E. Grim. 21 Oct
72.6p
Pub. In Fd Cosmet. Toxicol., v11 p471-4761973.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-278081.
The polychlorlnated blphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254, was
given orally In peanut oil to pregnant Sherman rats
once dally from day 7 to day 15 of organogenesls.
Dose levels were 0,10 and 50 mg/kg/day. No statisti-
cal difference was found between control and dosed
groups with respect to the total weight of litters, the
percentage of pups born dead or the survival rate to
weaning. Residue levels of PCB-derlved material were
measured In the foetuses, in the milk Ingested by suck-
lings and in tissues of weanlings by electron-capture
gas-liquid chromatography. Liver enlargement was ob-
served in weanlings from dosed rats, but not in those
from controls. There was a significant increase In the
relative liver weights of weanlings from dosed rats
compared with those from controls and the livers of
most of the exposed weanlings contained enlarged he-
patocytes, accompanied, in some cases, by cytoplas-
mic vacuolization and bile-duct proliferation, particular-
ly in the group given the higher dosage.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Rats, Dosage,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Tlssues(Blology), Tables(Data), Placenta, Pregnancy,
Infants, Liver, Pathology, Bloassay, Reprints, 'Poly-
chlorinated blphenyls, Pesticide residues, Blphenyl/
chloro, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Aroclor 1254,
Fetuses, 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 087/2
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Hormonal Influences on DDT Metabolism In the
White Rat,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
William F. Durham, Clprlano Cueto, Jr., and Wayland J.
Hayes, Jr. 28 May 56,5p
Pub. in the American Jnl. of Physiology, v187 n2 p373-
377,Nov56.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group3, PB-278 081.
The influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and testerone
propionate (TP) on the storage of DDT and its metabo-
lite, DDE, was studied In normal and In gonadecto-
mized rats. As expected, TP dosage increased the
growth of female rats while DES administration Inhibit-
ed the growth of males. Both hormones Inhibited go-
nadal growth. Rats that received either DDT or hor-
mone showed an Increased liver weight/body weight
ratio as compared to control animals. This effect was
more marked In males than In females. DES increased
DDT and DDE storage In fat In the male while TP de-
creased these values In the female. Similar effects of
hormone dosage were noted on the ratio of DDE to
total DDT-derived material stored in fat.
Keywords: 'Hormones, *DDT, 'Toxicology, "Pesti-
cides, "Insecticides, Esters, Oxygen organic com-
pounds, Metabolism, Rats, Absorptlon(Blology), Sex,
Males, Females, Fats, Testosterone, Bloassay, Labo-
ratory animals, Experimental data, Liver, Body weight,
December 1983 351
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reprints, Metabolites, DOE Insecticide, 'Diethylstil-
bestrol, Pesticide residues, 'Toxic substances, Pro-
pionic acid/(testosterone-ester), Bioaccumulation.
PB-278 088/0
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Body Burden of Pesticide* In Man,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Durham. 1969,13p
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v160p183-195,23Jun69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-278081.
The concept of storage or body burden is more impor-
tant in relation to the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti-
cides than to other groups of synthetic pesticides be-
cause of the relatively greater persistence of the
former in human tissues. For this reason, the present
paper deals with the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti-
cides, although limited consideration will also be given
to the organic phosphorus and carbamate com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Humans, Storage, Tissues(Biology),
Concentratlon(Composition), Dosage, Chlorohydro-
carbons, Reprints, Pesticide residues, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Body burdens, Bioaccumulation.
PB-278 089/8
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
DDT Metabolism: Oxidation of the Metabolite 2,2-
bls(p-Chloroph«nyl)ethsnol by Alcohol Dehydro-
Food an
Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta
Toxicology Branch.
Joseph t. Suggs, Robert E. Hawk, August Curley,
Elizabeth L Boozer, and James D. McKlnney. 18 Feb
70,1p
Pub. in the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, v168 p582,1 May 70. Prepared In cooper-
ation with National Inst. of Environmental Health Sci-
ences, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
A metabolite of DDT, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol,
Is a substrate of crystalline liver alcohol dehydrogen-
ase. The oxidation of the substrate was detected spec-
trophotornetrically. The p-nitrophenylhydrazone de-
rivative of the product, 2,2-bls(p-
chlorophenyl)acetaldehyde, was identified by compar-
ing Its mass spectrum and thin-layer chromatographlc
behavior with that of an authentic sample.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Metabolism, Oxidation, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Alcohols, Reprints, Metabolites, 'Toxic sub-
stances, *Ethanol/bis(chlorophenyl), 'Dehydrogen-
ases/alcohol.
PB-278 090/6
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Rate of Skin Absorption of Paralhlon and Par-
aoxon,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Dale P. Nabb, William J. Stein, and Wayland J. Hayes.
29 Dec 65,5p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v12 p501-
505, Apr 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
The percutaneous absorption rates of parathion and
paraoxon have been estimated in rabbits by compari-
son of the rate of plasma cholinesterase inhibition ob-
served when the compound was infused intravenously
with the rate observed when the compound was ap-
plied dermally. The average rate of dermal absorption
was estimated to be 0.059 micrograms/minute/sq cm
of skin area for parathion and 0.32 micrograms/
minute/sq cm for paraoxon. Parathion was found to be
roughly ten times less toxic intravenously and 55 times
less toxic dermally than paraoxon.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), 'Pesticides, 'Toxi-
cology, 'Insecticides, Permeability, Skin(Anatomy),
Rates(Per time), Rabbits, Laboratory animals,
Tables(Data), Experimental data, Cholinesterase, Par-
enteral infusions, Toxicity, Bloassay, Reprints, * Par-
athion, 'Phosphoric acid/(diethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl-
ester), 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 091/4
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Route of Absorption of DDVP after Oral Adminis-
tration to Rats,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Edward R. Laws, Jr. 8 Feb 65,4p
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v8 n2 p193-
196, Mar 66.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-278081.
Ten rats were infused by stomach tube with radioac-
tive DDVP while timed samples of portal blood, sys-
temic venous blood, and chyle were taken. Levels of
DDVP were determined in all samples and were found
to be much higher in portal blood than In either system-
ic blood or chyle. ~
blood than in chyle.
the hypothesis that,
sorted primarily if not exclusively by the hepatic portal
venous system, and, therefore, is routed through the
detoxification processes of the liver before reaching
the systemic circulation.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), 'Pesticides, 'Toxi-
cology, 'Insecticides, Ingestlon(Biology), Rats, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Experimental data,
Tables(Data), Laboratory animals, Blood chemical
analysis, Metabolism, Liver, Detoxification, Bloassay,
Reprints, 'DDVP Insecticide, 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 092/2
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Epidemiology of Poisoning by Chemicals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Franks. Llsella. 1972,10p
Pub. In Jnl. of Environmental Health, v34 n6 p603-612,
May/Jun72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 3, PB-278 081.
The article reviews accidental poisoning episodes;
studies conducted to determine the etiology; and pro-
vides statistical data on the incidence of poisonings.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Toxic diseases, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Toxicology, Poisons, Toxicity, Statistical data,
Public health, Chemical compounds, Accidents, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 093/0
(Order as PB-278 081, MF A01)
Studies on the Toxicity of 0,O-Dlmethyl-2,2-Dlch-
lorovlnyl Phosphate (DDVP),
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham, Thomas B. Gaines, Robert H.
McCauley, Vincent A. Sedlak, and Arnold M. Mattson.
26NOV56,10p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v15
p340-349, Apr 57.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-278081.
The acute oral and dermal L.D.60 values of DDVP for
male white rats were found to be 80 and 107 mg/kg,
respectively. The corresponding values for females
were 56 and 75 mg/kg. Pure DDVP was found, under
the conditions studied, to be somewhat more toxic
than the technical material. Feeding for 90 days on di-
etary levels of DDVP up to 1000 ppm caused no signs
of intoxication in rats. However, dietary levels as low
as 50 ppm produced definite lowering of plasma and
erythrocyte cholinesterase levels. Monkeys confined
for two weeks in Peet-Grady chambers which had
been sprayed with 100 and 195 mg of DDVP per
square toot showed depletion of both plasma and
erythrocyte cholinesterase.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides,
Bioassay, Dosage, Chlorine organic compounds, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Lethal dosage,
Cholinesterase, Tables(Data), Exposure, Respiratory
system, Monkeys, Chickens, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'DDVP insecticide, Phosphoric acid/(dichlor-
ovinyl-ester)-(dimethyl-ester).
PB-278 094/8 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1973,62p-ln 7 articles
Consists of PB-278 095 thru PB-278 101.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides.
PB-278 095/5
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
The Toxicity of Technical Hexachlorobenzene In
the Sherman Strain Rat. A Preliminary Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cnamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
Renate D. Kimbrough, and Ralph E. Under. 1974,12p
Pub. in Research Communications in Chemical Pathol-
ogy and Pharmacology, v8 n4 p653-664, Aug 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
These preliminary findings indicate that the primary
organs affected in the rat by HCB are the adrenals,
liver, heart, and lungs. Information on the chronic tox-
iclty of HCH, p'rticularly when the material is ingested
over an extended period of time, is presently not avail-
able In the literature. It is the purpose of this paper to
report preliminary findings in rats when technical HCB
was fed In the diet for four months.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides,
'Chlorobenzenes, Rats, Laboratory animals, Blo-
assay, Diet, Ingestion(Blology), Dosage, Dose rate,
Males, Females, Hematology, Body weight, Pathology,
Adrenal gland, Liver, Heart, Lung, Toxic substances,
Reprints.
PB-278 096/3
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Renal Tubu-
lar Dysfunction,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Joel B. Mann, John E. Davles, and Robald W. Shane.
1967,8p
Pub. In Acute Glomerulonephrltls, Proceedings,
Annual Conference in the Kidney (17th), p219-226
1967.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
An apparent etlologlc relationship between occupa-
tional exposure to pesticides and renal tubular mal-
function was discovered Incidentally during the devel-
opment of a practical surveillance technique for per-
sons occupatlonally exposed to parathion, an organo-
phosphate type of insecticide. For this surveillance
method, grab samples of urine were obtained and ana-
lyzed for paranltrophenol, the major urinary metabolite
of parathion. Urinary levels of paranitrophenol, ex-
pressed In parts per million (ppm), were then inde-
pendently correlated with observed spray technique
and with measurements of red cell cholinesterase. An
average urinary level of approximately 4.5 ppm was
found to be the level above which red cell cholinester-
ase became Increasingly depressed and which was
associated with a 70 per cent absenteeism rate due to
pesticide-induced illness. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides,
'Industrial medicine, 'Kidney, Physiology, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Cholinesterase. Enzymes, Nitro-
phenols, Humans, Exposure, Toxic substances, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Parathion, Metabolites,
Urmalysis, Reprints.
PB-278 097/1
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
A Method for Hand Rearing of Salmlrl Sclureus,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Donald K. Hinkle, and Horace L. Session. 20 Oct 71,
3p
Pub. in Laboratory Animal Science, v22 n2 p207-209,
Apr 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
A method for hand rearing newborn and very young
New World monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was describea
There has been an increased demand for this type of
352 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
animal in toxicological investigations in which the ex-
perimental design requires separation of the mother
from the neonate. The infants were housed in incuba-
tors for the first 8 weeks of life and then transferred to
individual stainless steel cages. Their diet consisted of
liquid formula made from a combination of several
commercial human Infant nutriments. This report in-
cludes mean values for increase In body weight and
formula consumption, as well as some clinical obser-
vations during the first 12 weeks of life.
Keywords: "Laboratory animals, "Monkeys, Veterinary
medicine, Primates, Body weight, Growth, Infants,
Diet, Milk, Food consumption, Saimlri sciureus, Re-
prints.
PB-278 098/9
(Order as PB-27B 094, MF A01)
Metabolic Alteration* In the Squirrel Monkey In-
duced by DDT Administration and Ascorbic Acid
Deficiency,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
R. W. Chadwlck, M. F. Cranmer, and A. J. Peoples. 11
Jan71,11p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v20 n3
R308-318, Nov71.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
A daily po injection of 5 mg of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bls(p-
chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) given to squirrel monkeys
for a 2-wk period produces significant increases in liver
weight, microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450 and the
in vitro activity of various drug metabolizing enzymes.
The results indicate that ascorbic acid deficiency may
significantly impair both the induction of O-demethy-
lase and the stimulation of the glucuronic acid system
by DDT. The D-glucuronic/D-glucaric acid excretion
ratio is significantly depressed within 2 days in mon-
keys fed me ascorbic acid deficient diet. In addition to
ascorbic acid deficiency an unknown nutritional factor
from the administration of a second lot of the ascorbic
acid deficient diet also appears to cause an Inhibition
of the D-glucuronic/D-glucaric acid excretion ratio.
This study provides evidence that interactions be-
tween nutritional status and toxic stress may signifi-
cantly affect some routes of detoxification in the squir-
rel monkey.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Insecticides,
"DDT, "Ascorbic acid, Enzymes, Metabolism, Bio-
chemistry, Nutrition, Detoxification, Toxic tolerances,
Nutritional deficiencies, Monkeys, Laboratory animals,
Bioassay, Dosage, Dose rate, Reprints, Glucuronic
acid, Glucaric acid, Toxic substances.
PB-278 099/7
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
Pesticide Exposure Levels In Men end Animals,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham. 1965,5p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v10 pB42-
846, Jun 65.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
The paper reviews some of the studies that have been
done, to evaluate the potential hazard to human health
from occupational and environmental exposure to pes-
ticides. A number of studies of the oral toxiclty of var-
ious organic phosphorus Insecticides have been made
using human volunteers. These tests have generally
been of relatively short duration. Inhibition of flood
chollnesterase activity serves as a sensitive measure
of incipient toxic effect in tests of this sort. Other volun-
teer studies have been primarily oriented toward
measurement of effect of insecticides on some specif-
ic physiological function, such as vision or behavior. A
considerable amount of data Is available on the magni-
tude of exposure of workers and residents to pesti-
cides during application for agricultural or public health
purposes. A smaller amount of information Is available
on the relationship of this measured occupational or
environmental exposure to the development of clinical
signs or symptoms of poisoning or of demonstrable
abnormalities of physiological function. There Is a
need for extending application of the presently availa-
ble techniques for measurement of exposure to other
compounds and to other occupational and environ-
mental situations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Insecticides,
Humans, Industrial medicine, Public health, Environ-
ments, Exposure, Signs and symptoms, Toxic dis-
eases, Physiological effects, Toxicity, Humans, Ani-
mals, Toxic substances, Reprints.
PB-278 100/3
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
Epidemiology of Poisoning,
Public Health Service, Washington, D.C.
Irving Sunshine. 6 Nov 68,11 p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Including in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
Health and vital statistics are presented on the inci-
dence of poisoning from drugs, alcohols, and lead in
children and adults.
Keywords: "Toxic diseases, "Public health, Mortality,
Accidents, Epidemiology, Drugs, Alcohols, Narcotics,
Children, Adults, Lead poisoning, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), United States, Toxic substances,
Drug abuse, Reprints.
PB-278 101/1
(Order as PB-278 094, MF A01)
Experimental Hepatic Porphyrla Induced by Poly-
chlorinated Blphenyls,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
Joyce A. Goldstein, Patricia Hickman, and Danny L.
Jue. 30Aug73,12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 27,
0437-4481974.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 2, PB-278 094.
Aroclor 1254, which consists of a mixture of polychlori-
nated biphenyls (PCBs) containing 54% chlorine, pro-
duced an experimental hepatic porphyria In rats re-
sembling hexachlorobenzene poisoning and human
porphyria cutanea tarda. The PCB-induced porphyria
Is characterized by delayed development, Increased
excretion of urinary uroporphyrins, accumulation of 8-
and 7-carboxyporphyrins in the liver and increased
drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver. Cytochrome P-
450 and microsomal heme were Increased maximally
at 1 week, in the absence of an increase In the rate-
limiting enzyme In heme synthesis, delta-aminolevu-
linic acid (ALA) synthetase. Induction of ALA synthe-
tase and porphyria occurred later, after2-7 months' ex-
posure to PCBs. No induction of ALA synthetase could
be demonstrated prior to the onset of porphyria.
Marked induction of ALA synthetase occurred 5 hr
after large single doses of Aroclor 1254; however, the
doses required were larger than those used to produce
porphyria when administered chronically, and induc-
tion appeared to be related to the marked increase in
cytochrome P-450 seen 24 hr after administration of
the drug.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Uver, "Porphyria, Enzymes,
Chlorine aromatic compounds, Metabolic diseases,
Porphyrins, Hemoglobins, Metabolism, Organic com-
pounds, Contaminants, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bio-
assay, Ingestion(Blology), Dosage, Dose rate, "Bl-
phenyl/chloro, Toxic substances, Reprints.
PB-278 102/9 MF A01
Journal Article* on Miscellaneous Pesticide Stud-
ies. Group 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1975,41 p-ln 6 articles
Consists of PB-278103 thru PB-278109.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Pest control.
PB-278 103/7
(Order as PB-278 102. MF A01)
EPA'* Registration Requirement* for Insect Be-
havior Controlling Chemicals-Philosophy and
Mandates,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
William G.Phillips. 1976,10p
Pub in Pest Management with Insect Sex Attractants,
n23 1976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278102.
The report discusses the history and proposed regula-
tions for the use of chemical attractants such as pher-
omones. When used as survey tools, pheromones are
not subject to Environmental Protection Agency con-
trol.
Keywords: *Pest control, "Attractants, Government
policies, Regulations, Pest control, Animal behavior,
Pheromones, Biological control.
PB-278 104/6
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
A Root Isolation Method for Testing Root-Active
Chemicals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
S. L. Duffy. 28 Apr 75,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Weed Science Society of America,
v24n2,Mar76.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278 102.
A method for isolating roots of a growing plant was de-
vised. The technique allows treatment of an isolated
portion of the root system without disturbance or injury
to the untreated root mass. A specially designed plant-
er-box was used to induce natural separation of the
root system in 3 to 4 weeks. Weeping willow (Salix ba-
bylonica L.) seedlings were used to test the perform-
ance of dichlobenil, paraquat, sodium hydroxide, and
copper sulfate, in reducing the viability of treated roots.
A tetrazollum chloride assay was used to determine
the difference in viability of the treated roots. Copper
sulfate and paraquat-treated plants produced symp-
toms of systemic injury.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Weed control, Field tests,
Trees(Plants), Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds,
Quartenary ammonium salts, Sodium hydroxide,
Copper sulfates, Viability, Plant tissues, Benzonitrile,
Chlorine organic compounds, Sallx babylonica, Para-
quat herbicide, Bipyridium/dimethyl, Dichlorobenil,
Benzonltrile/dichloro, Reprints.
PB-278 105/2
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Decay of Parathlon Residues on Field-Treated To-
bacco, South Carollna-1972 (II),
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
Julian E. Keil, C. Boyd Loadholt, Samuel H. Sandifer,
Wayne R. Sltterly, and Bob L. Brown. 1973,2p
Contract EPA-68-03-0045
Pub. In Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v6 n4 p377-378, Mar
73.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278 102.
In an effort to confirm the results of a study In 1971 to
determine the length of time required for parathion to
degrade to 'zero' levels, parathion was applied twice at
a rate of .375 Ib/acre to field tobacco in South Caroli-
na. After each application, parathion degraded to
'zero' levels In 6 days. These results tended to confirm
the findings of the original study In which the maximum
time required for parathion to degrade to zero levels
was estimated to be 7 days and the minimum time 2
days. Weather was characterized by scanty rainfall
and temperatures averaging 76 degrees F. During the
original study rainfall was heavy and daily tempera-
tures averaged 80.9 degrees F.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Deterioration, "Soils, Field
tests, Tobacco plants, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Nitro compounds,
Time, Weather, Correlation techniques, Reprints, * Par-
athion, Phosphorothiolc acld/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-O-
(nltrophenyl-ester).
PB-278 106/0
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
Field Study of the Safety of Abate for Treating
Potable Water and Observation* on the Effective-
net* of a Control Programme Involving both
Abate and Malathlon.
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Edward R. Laws, Jr., Vincent A. Sedlak, James W.
Miles, Charles Romney Joseph, and Juan R. Lacomba.
1968,7p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 38 p439-4451968.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278102.
December 1983 353
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abate is a larvicide for Aedes aegypti, a vector of
yellow fever, dengue, and haemorrhagic fever. It is
less toxic than malathion or DDT. Tests in human vol-
unteers had previously indicated it would be safe to
add to drinking-water where the mosquito often
breeds. In a 19-month test in Puerto Rico, Abate was
added to the drums and cisterns in which a community
of about 2000 persons stored their drinking-water. This
use of Abate and other insecticidal measures (mal-
athion spraying) gradually achieved control of A. ae-
gypti during the first 4 months of treatment and control
was maintained thereafter although the test area was
surrounded by active breeding-sites. Careful surveil-
lance failed to reveal any illness or significant side-ef-
fects attributable to measures adopted in the control
programme. Abate is considered safe for full-scale
field use according to directions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Pest control, 'Toxicity,
Larvae, Culicidae, Potable water, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Effectiveness,
Malathion, Safety, Humans, Dosage, Field tests,
Puerto Rico, 'Abate, * Phosphorothioic acid/thio-di-
phenylene-bis (O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-thio), Aedes ae-
PB-278 107/8
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
Pesticide Pollution In Soil and Water The Need
for Treatment of Wastewaters Containing Pesti-
cides,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Athens, Ga. Southeast Water Lab.
David W. Hill. 1969,4p
Pub. in Issue Fertilizer Solutions Magazine, Jan-Feb
69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278 102.
The report describes problems caused by the chlorin-
ated hydrocarbon and other organic insecticides in
water and soils. The rates of loss in soils for lindane,
aldrin, dieldrin, toxaphene, and DDT is given.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Water pollution, Soils, DDT,
Chlorine organic compounds, Dieldrin, Naphthalene
compounds, Aldrin, Chlorine aromatic compounds,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, 'Pesticide residues,
'Dimethanonaphthalenes, 'Lindane, Cyclohexane/
hexachloro, 'Toxaphene.
PB-278 108/6
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
Survey of Insecticide Spray Practices Used In the
Fruit Orchards of North Central Washington,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gordon S. Batchelor. 1953,3p
Pub. in A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Oc-
cupational Medicine, v7 p399-401 May 53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278 102.
A survey was made of the spray practices used to
apply D.D.T. and parathion in the orchards of north
central Washington. These data were needed as back-
ground material concerning the exposure of workers
and concerning the amount of residue on fruits grown
in orchards in which spray practices are carried out.
The report gives data on the type and concentration of
the formulation and the rate and method of application
for the two major insecticides, D.D.T. and parathion.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Apple trees, Spraying, Dust-
ing, Exposure, Concentratlon(Composition), DDT,
Chlorine organic compounds, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Nitro com-
pounds, Washington(State), Reprints, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, 'Parathton, Phosphorothioic acid/O-O-(di-
methyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-278 109/4
(Order as PB-278 102, MF A01)
Field Studies of Gardens Against Aedes Aegypti
In Puerto Rico,
Public Health Service, Savannah, Ga. Technical De-
velopment Labs.
A. V. Regnier, Jr., M. F. Crammer, Juan R. Lacomba,
Castro Velazquez, and H. F. School. 1971,12p
Pub. in Mosquito News, v31 n3 p360-370, Sep 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Miscella-
neous Pesticide Studies. Group 2, PB-278 102.
The report describes chemical control operations for
the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, in an eradication pro-
gram in Puerto Rico during 1965 to 1968. The effec-
tiveness of the insecticide gardona or rabon for mos-
quito control is given. Also included are effects on per-
sonnel exposed to gardona.
Keywords: 'Insect control, 'Insecticides, 'Culicidae,
'Toxicity, Field tests, Spraying, Effectiveness, Person-
nel, Cholinesterase, Blood analysis, Exposure, Puerto
Rico, Chlorine organic compounds, Aedes aegypti,
* Rabon, Phosphate/chloro-(trichlorophenyl)-vinyl-di-
methyl, Reprints.
PB-278 132/6 PC A03/MF A01
Federally Sponsored Energy Research In the
Northern Great Plains, North Dakota, Fiscal Year
1976. Summary rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Allen S. Lefohn. Jun 77,37p EPA/908/4-77/008
In August 1976, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, in cooperation with the State of Montana, es-
tablished the EPA Montana Energy Operations Office.
The challenge of this office is to develop an effective
mechanism for transferring energy research results
from the laboratory to the decision-makers. As a way
to fulfill part of this challenge, a survey was initiated in
the Fall of 1976 to summarize the federal energy effort
in the State of North Dakota. This report is a summary
of the information obtained from numerous state and
federal publications. Recommendations regarding fur-
ther actions on various aspects of energy research are
included. The report serves primarily as an informative
document to inform researchers, state and federal
government officials, and decision-makers at all gov-
ernment levels how and where the federal energy re-
search dollar is being directed in North Dakota.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Research, 'North Dakota, Tech-
nology transfer.
PB-278 134/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Impact of Air Pollution on the Consumption of
Medical Services Costs of Hospltallzatlon In the
Portland Metropolitan Area. Final rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
Gobind S. Bhagia, and Herbert H. Stoevener. Jan 78,
45p' EPA/600/5-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-0482
The study was undertaken to ascertain the possibility
of measuring from available data the impact of air pol-
lution on the consumption of inpatient services which
patients consume per hospital stay. The study area
was the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, and the
period of study was 1970-72. The diseases which were
thought to be associated with air pollution were first
identified. A sample of the patients was taken from a
hospital population and the medical costs incurred by
them were calculated. Suspended particulates as a
measure of air pollution, temperature-humidity Index
as a measure of meteorological conditions of the area,
and socio-economic characteristics of patients were
used in a regression model to explain variations in
medical costs. The analysis did not indicate a quantita-
tive relationship between air pollution in the Portland
area and the consumption of inpatient medical serv-
ices per hospital stay. Age, family income, and drinking
habits of a patient do significantly affect inpatient
medical costs, but the variables included in the analy-
sis accounted for less than 15 percent of the statistical
variation in the dependent variable.
Keywords: 'Medical services, 'Health care utilization,
Characteristics, Hospitalizing, Costs, Urban areas,
Oregon, Socioeconomic factors, Inpatient services,
Health economics, Demography, Recommendations,
Tables(Data), Economic models, Air pollution, Atmos-
pheres, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Portland(Oregon), Economic impact.
PB-278 135/9 PC A10/MF A01
Draft Guideline Document Control of TRS Emis-
sions from Existing Kraft Pulp Mills,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Don R. Goodwin. Jan 78,21 Op' EPA/450/2-78/003a,
OAQPS-1.2-091
Guidelines to aid the states in their preparation of
plans for the control of emissions of total reduced
sulfur (TRS) from existing kraft pulp mills are being pro-
posed under the authority of section 111(d) of the
Clean Air Act. TRS emissions from kraft pulp mills are
extremely odorous, and there are numerous instances
of poorly controlled mills creating public odor prob-
lems. Adoption of the proposed emission guidelines by
the states would result in an overall reduction of about
80 percent in nationwide TRS emissions from kraft
pulp mills.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Guidelines, 'Sulfur com-
pounds, 'Air pollution control, 'Odor control, Particles,
Industrial wastes, Public health, Plants(Botany), Ani-
mals, Hydrogen sulfide, Toxicity, Performance evalua-
tion, Paints, Metals, Land surveys, Process charting,
Design criteria, Substitutes, Monitoring, Cost analysis,
Combustion products, Atmospheric diffusion, Station-
ary sources, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Animals). Air pollution effects(Plants), Air
pollution effects(Materials).
PB-278 136/7 PC A06/MF A01
Virgin River Study - Utah: March, 1976. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Technical Investigations Branch.
Robert L. Fox, and Ronald M. Eddy. Dec 77,101p
EPA/908/2-77/005, SA/TIB-34
The report describes an intensive water quality study
conducted in the Virgin River and Kanab Creek drain-
ages in Southwestern Utah in March, 1976. Water,
sediment, and benthic samples were collected at se-
lected locations throughout a total stream reach of 174
km (108 mi). Study results indicated a gradual degra-
dation of water quality downstream from Zion National
Park. Violations of recommended criteria/standard
levels were most common for the salinity parameters,
but concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, and
mercury also exceeded recommended levels. In addi-
tion, high concentrations of suspended solids impaired
the quality of water throughout much of the study area.
Keywords: 'Kanab Creek, 'Virgin River, 'Water pollu-
tion, Monitoring, Benthos,
Concentration(Composition), Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Conductivity, Salin-
ity, Fluorides, Arsenic, Iron, Lead(Metal), Manganese,
Mercury(Metal), Molybdenum, Selenium, Trace ele-
ments, Pesticides, Organic compounds, Tables(Data),
Utah, 'Water quality data.
PB-278 142/5 PC A06/MF A01
Uses, Limitations and Technical Basis of Proce-
dures for Quantifying Relationships Between Pho-
tochemical Oxldants and Precursors.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Nov 77,120p EPA/450/2-77/021 a
Approaches for relating ozone to non-methane hydro-
carbon and oxides of nitrogen controls are discussed.
All procedures are only applicable in addressing the
oxidant problem in urban areas. Available procedures
include use of Eulerian and Lagrangian photochemical
dispersion models, a new approach called the Empiri-
cal Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA), proportional
rollback and statistical approaches. EKMA, rollback
and statistical models are most useful in estimating the
degree of reduction needed to attain the National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for oxidant and for
estimating reduction in maximum hourly ozone con-
centration accompanying specified levels of precursor
controls. Models are useful for these purposes as well
as others. The issue of long range transport of ozone/
precursors Is discussed. It is concluded that ozone
transported above the surface-based nocturnal inver-
sion layer is likely to be the facet of transport exhibiting
the greatest impact on maximum ozone levels In urban
areas. Procedures for integrating transport consider-
ations Into the previously mentioned analytical ap-
proaches are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, Oxldizers,
Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composltion), Atmospheric models, At-
mospheric diffusion, Reaction kinetics, Photochemis-
try, Nomographs, Wlnd(Meteorology), Urban areas.
354 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-278 159/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
OH Shale Research Overview,
Cameron Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colo.
Charles O. Hook. May 77, 79p EPA/908/4-77/007
Contract EPA-68-01 -4337
This paper is a compilation of some federally spon-
sored oil shale research, both current and recently
completed. It lists 148 programs. A breakdown of fund-
ing levels and number of projects in the areas of (1)
general environmental research, (2) water research,
(3) atmospheric research, (4) land and revegetation re-
search, (5) health effects research, and (6) miscella-
neous oil shale research Is shown. Sections II through
VII provide the interested reader with information on
the funding level, purpose, and principal contact for
projects Identified in the six general categories listed
previously.
Keywords: *OII shale, 'Environmental Impacts, 'Re-
search projects, Grants, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Mining, Solid waste disposal, Toxlclty, Ecology, Energy
source development, Mine wastes.
PC A03/MF A01
Support and Environmental Impact
Volume II: Promulgated Standard* of
PB-278 160/7
Standards Sup
Statement. Vo _...
Performance for Kraft Pulp Mills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 77,50p' EPA/450/2-76/014b
See also Volume 1, PB-258 007.
Standards of performance tor the control of emissions
of total reduced sulfur (TRS) and participate matter
from new and modified kraft pulp mills are being pro-
mulgated under the authority of section III of the Clean
Air Act. TRS emissions from kraft pulp mills are ex-
tremely odorous, and there are numerous Instances of
poorly controlled mills creating public odor problems.
The promulgated standards will prevent odor problems
from most newly constructed kraft pulp mills, except In
the immediate vicinity of the mills on occasions when
meteorological conditions produce downwash of stack
plumes. Paniculate matter emissions from new mills
will be reduced by more than 99 percent below the
levels that would result from no control and more than
SO percent below the average State standards. Emis-
sions of TRS will be reduced by more than 95% below
the uncontrolled levels and more than 80 percent
below the average levels for existing sources. An anal-
ysis of the significant changes In the environmental
and economic effects associated with the promulgated
standards is included in this document.
Keywords: 'Pulp mills, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfates,
'Performance standards, Paper industry, Environmen-
tal impacts, Particles, Standards, Odors, Plumes, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Monitoring, Na-
tional government.
PB-278 163/1 PC A03/MF A01
Standard* Support and Environmental Impact
Statement Volume II: Promulgated Standards of
Performance for Petroleum Refinery Sulfur Re-
covery Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Jan 78,39p* EPA/450/2-76/016b
See also Volume 1, PB-257 975.
A national emission standard for sulfur dioxide and re-
duced sulfur compounds was proposed under authori-
ty of section III of the Clean Air Act. The Intent of the
standard was to minimize reduced sulfur and sulfur
dioxide emissions from refinery sulfur recovery plants
to the level attainable with best available control tech-
nology. Twenty-one comment letters were received
from the petroleum industry, State and local air pollu-
tion control agencies, and other federal agencies. As a
result of these comments, changes have been made in
the promulgated standard. The major change is an ex-
emption from the standard for sulfur recovery plants of
20 long tons per day (LTD) or less associated with a
small petroleum refinery
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Petro-
leum products, 'Performance standards, 'Sulfur dlox-
oe, 'Sulfur Inorganic compounds, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Environmental Impacts, State
government, National government, Standards, Eco-
nomic impact, Law enforcement, Monitoring.
PB-278 167/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Tampa Bay Area Photochemical Oxldant Study
Emission Rate for Blogenlc NOx. Appendix C.
Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Hilman C. Ratsch, and David T. Tingey. Jan 78,27p
EPA/904/9-77/036
The objectives of this literature survey were to gather
Information on possible biogenic sources of NOx, to
determine biogenic emission rates, and to discuss the
factors affecting NOx emissions. The nitrogen cycle Is
discussed to suggest possible biogenic sources of ni-
trogen oxides. The biogenic sources and emission
rates of NOx are divided into the following categories:
(1) water-ocean and freshwaters; (2) soil; (3) flooded
soil, sediments, swamp and marsh; and (4) vegetation.
The biogenic emission rates determined from the lit-
erature were compared to other emission estimates
and atmospheric concentrations.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, *Alr pollution, Tampa
Bay, Florida, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Nitrogen
cycle, Sources, Decomposition, Hydrology, Surface
waters, Soils, Sediments, Plants(Botany), Emission
factors, Denltrlflcatlon.
PB-278 171/4 PC A07/MF A01
Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on
Vanadium.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Oct 77,127p' EPA/600/6-77/002
The report Is a review and evaluation of the current
knowledge of vanadium in the environment as related
to possible deleterious effects on human health and
welfare. Sources, distribution, measurement, and con-
trol technology are also considered. Vanadium Is
widely distributed in nature and Is usually present In
small quantities In all media and living forms. The larg-
est source of environmental contamination by vanadi-
um is from oil combustion. Vanadium paniculate
matter is small, well within the respirable range for
human beings. Respiratory absorption of vanadium ap-
pears to be very efficient, and it is thought that pro-
longed, repeated exposure could produce chronic lung
disease. High-level industrial exposures of humans
have shown evidence of complex Internal injuries In
the body, particularly enzyme interference. The small
particle size of vanadium emissions makes complete
control unlikely, but good paniculate control measures
can greatly reduce vanadium output from most
sources.
Keywords: 'Vanadium, 'Air pollution, Oils, Combustion
products, Sources, Distribution, Environments,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial medicine, Res-
piratory system, Toxicology, Chemical properties,
Physical properties, Sampling, Ecology, Air pollution
control, Toxicity, 'Toxic substances, Analytical meth-
ods, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Anlmals), Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
pollution effects(Materials).
PB-278 172/2 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Urban Runoff Treatment Method*. Volume I. Non-
Structural Wetland* Treatment Final rept. 1974-76,
Mlnnehaha Creek Watershed District, Wayzata, Minn.
Eugene A. Hickok, Marcus C. Hannaman, and Norman
C. Wenck. Dec 77,134p EPA/600/2-77/217
Grant EPA-S-802535
Prepared in cooperation with Hickok (Eugene A.) and
Associates, Wayzata, Minn.
A major concern of the Minnehaha Creek Watershed
District, a natural watershed basin encompassing the
area that drains into the Lake Minnetonka - Mlnnehaha
Creek system, near Wayzata, Minnesota, is the water
quality of its lakes. A significant Impact on lake waters
Is known to be caused By stormwater runoff; providing
control and treatment methods from this pollution
source Is a large and complex problem. The methods
developed by this project may be implemented as an
urban stormwater runoff control practice in many of the
urban centers of the country that have unused adja-
cent wetlands. This project has demonstrated the trea-
tabllity and effectiveness of non-structural methods to
improve the quality of stormwater runoff from urban
areas using natural wetlands.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Swamps, 'Water
pollution control, 'Minnehaha Creek, 'Minnetonka
Lake, Aeration, Filtration, Drainage, Plant growth, Mi-
croorganisms, Soil properties, Climatology, Evapotran-
spiration, Monitoring, Ground water, Metals, Carbon
dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Ni-
trogen, Water loss, Water balance, Minnesota, 'Storm
water runoff, Hydrologic budget, Nonstructural alterna-
tives.
PB-278 175/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment of Hlgh-BTU Gasifica-
tion: Annual Report. Annual rept. May-Oct 77,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.
M. Ghasaeml, and C. Murray. Feb 78,87p EPA/600/7-
78/025
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
The report gives results of Initial efforts of a 3-year pro-
gram, Initiated May 3,1977, with the dual objectives of
assessing environmental Impacts associated with
technologies for converting coal to hlgh-Btu gaseous
fuel and to Identify control technologies required to
reduce or eliminate adverse environmental impacts
associated with commercial operation. The program
consists of: evaluating existing process and environ-
mental data; acquiring supplementary data through
sampling and analyzing process waste streams; and
environmental assessment and process engineering
support studies. Most of the Initial effort was In con-
nection with acquiring and analyzing the data base,
and locating potential sites for field programs. A modu-
lar approach was chosen for analyzing and presenting
data on gasification, gas treatment, pollution control,
and integrated facilities. Draft gasification data sheets
were prepared for some of the processes considered.
Preliminary discussions were held to enlist the cooper-
ation of process developers In Identifying potential
sites for environmental sampling and in arranging for
such sampling.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Pollution control, Sam-
pling, Assessments, Environmental Impacts, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Technology, Sites, Solid wastes, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, *High btu gas.
PB-278 176/3 PC A03/MF A01
The Effect of Saline Seep on the Biota of Five
Reservoir* In Montana,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Thomas E. Braldech. Aug 77,49p EPA/908/2-77/004
The effects of saline seeps on the biota of five small
reservoirs in north-central Montana were studied. It
was determined that the saline seeps cause increases
in the amounts of TDS, conductivity, heavy metals, nu-
trients, chlorides and sulfates in the reservoir. The
benthic fauna exhibited taxonomic changes from res-
ervoir to reservoir. This was probably a result of the
varying degrees of salinity found. The most probable
cause for The elimination of fish from the reservoirs
was the Increase In total dissolved solids. At the time
of the study the streams flowing from the study area
were not affected by the saline seeps. However, the
amount of salts, etc. In the streams could increase
after a rainfall and be discharged to the Missouri River.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Aquatic animals, 'Fishes,
•Water pollution, 'Reservoirs. Monitoring, Saline soils,
Seepage, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Fishes, Mortality, Conductivity, pH, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Chlorides, Sulfates, Metals, Sur-
vival, Marine microorganisms, Aquatic plants, Abun-
dance, Montana, Toxicity, Ecology, 'Water pollution
effects(Anlmals).
PB-278 177/1 PC A03/MF A01
Report on the Plant Evaluation at Fishing Bridge
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yellowstone Nation-
al Park. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
December 1983 355
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Owen Boe, and Leon Malloy. Aug 77,34p EPA/908/3-
77/005
The National Park Service (NPS) has recently con-
structed several new wastewater treatment facilities at
the Yellostone National Park. To ensure that their new
facilities perform as expected, the superintendent of
Yellowstone National Park requested assistance from
the EPA to train park personnel in process control pro-
cedures and to provide performance evaluations of
treatment facilities for the activated sludge and sec-
ondary treatment process. Specific technical assist-
ance was requested for the nitrification-denitrification
facility located at Fishing Bridge. Two weeks of troub-
leshooting on-site technical assistance was conducted
and is described in the report.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, "Sewage treat-
ment, 'Performance evaluation, National parks,
Design criteria, Nitrification, Process control, Flow
charts, Lagoons(Ponds), Oxidation, Clarification, Set-
tling basins, pH, Alkalinity, Temperature, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Recommendations, Colorado, Denitri-
TJcation, 'Sewage treatment plants, Yellowstone Na-
tional Park.
PB-278 178/9 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
An Implementation Plan for Suspended Partlcu-
late Matter In the Phoenix Area. Volume II. Emis-
sion Inventory- Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
George Richard, Ronald Tan, and James Avery. Dec
77,218p EPA/450/3-77/021 b
Contract EPA-68-01-3152
See also Volume 1, PB-276175.
Contents:
Baseyear conventional source emlssions--(Motor
vehicles, point sources, stationary area sources,
and aircraft);
Baseyear anthropogenic fugitive source
emissions-(Motor vehicles on unpaved roads,
agricultural tilling operations, aggregate storage
piles, cattle feed lots, off-road motor vehicles,
construction activities, and entrainment of dust
off paved roads);
Baseyear wind blown fugitive emissions-fGeneral
methodology, unpaved roads, agricultural fields,
undisturbed desert, tailings piles, and disturbed
soil surfaces);
Baseline projected paniculate emissions--
(Conventional sources, anthropogenic fugitive
sources, and wind blown fugitive emissions).
Keywords: "Particles, 'Air pollution control, Sources,
Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Pavements, Roads, Storage,
Feeding stuffs, Dust, Cultivation, Arizona, Atmospheric
motion, 'Phoenix(Arizona), 'Emission factors, Point
sources, Stationary sources, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-27« 182/1 PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Ammonia.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Nov 77, 712p* EPA/600/1-77/054
Contract EPA-88-02-1226
This document summarizes the available information
on ammonia as it relates to its effects on man and his
environment. Ammonia Is a ubiquitous substance and
is known widely as a household cleaning agent and as
a fertilizer. It plays an important role In the nitrogen
cycle-in the life processes and in the death process-
es. It is both a 'friendly' molecule and a hazardous one.
This report has the objective of presenting a broad
coverage of the available knowledge on ammonia and
discusses its physical and chemical properties; the
practical methods of measuring it; and the effects of its
presence in the environment on man, animals, plants,
materials, and the ecology of the environment, the in-
formation presented is supported by references to the
scientific literature whenever possible, or is based on a
consensus of the members of the Subcommittee on
Ammonia.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Air pollution, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Concentration(Composition),
Toxicity, Monitoring, Transport properties, Sources,
Public health, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials).
PB-278 183/9 PC A03/MF A01
A Prolonged, Large Scale, Off-Season Photoche-
mical Oxldant Episode. Rept. for Mar-Dec 77,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Gerard A. Demarrais. Feb 78,41p EPA/600/4-78/014
Oxidant concentrations exceeding 160 microgram/cu
area in southern California from February 25 to March
4, 1975. Because this was a violation of the air quality
standard at a time when relatively low concentrations
were normally anticipated, the meteorological condi-
tions associated with this large scale episode were
evaluated. A more complete understanding of the me-
teorology associated with the episode should provide
a better background for devising an abatement strat-
egy. The episode was associated with very slow air
movement, slightly elevated temperatures, abundant
solar radiation, limited vertical mixing at the coast, and
vertical mixing varying from negligible at night to rela-
tively deep in the daytime at inland sites. The maxi-
mum temperatures were 31 to 6 C cooler than those
normally associated with high oxidant concentrations,
but the solar radiation, as deduced from sky cover and
sunshine records, was about equivalent to that at the
end of the usual oxidant season. The differences in
vertical mixing, combined with the overall stagnation
and weak sea breeze at the surface in the afternoon,
appeared to cause the oxidant concentrations to be
higher inland.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, California, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Oxldizers, Atmos-
pheric motion, Wind(Meteorology), 'Air quality.
PB-278 185/4 PC A02/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Compounds from Use
of Cutback Asphalt Guideline series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
David W. Karkwordt, and Frank Bunyard. Dec 77,19p
EPA/450/2-77/037, OAQps-1.2-090
This document addresses the control of volatile organ-
ic compounds (VOC) from paving asphalts liquefied
with petroleum distillate. The recommended control
technology consists of the substitution of emulsions
for cutback asphalt.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Asphalts, 'Flexible pavements, Sources, Tech-
nology, Roads, Petroleum products, Cost analysis,
Volatility, Substitutes, 'Cutback asphalts, 'Emulsified
asphalts.
PB-278 186/2 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Proportional Sampler for Auto-
motive Exhaust Emissions,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Peter A. Gabele. Dec 77,29p EPA/600/2-77/236
A test program was conducted to evaluate a propor-
tional sampler for use In automotive exhaust gas emis-
sions research. Automobile emissions test results ob-
tained using the proportional sampler were compared
with results obtained using the conventional constant
volume sampler. Measurements obtained using the
proportional sampler for hydrocarbons, carbon monox-
ide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide are within 19,
46,20, and 14 percent, respectively, of measurements
obtained using the constant volume sampler. Such dif-
ferences render the proportional sampler unaccept-
able as a quantitative research tool. Inability of the ex-
haust gas flow meter to accurately measure pulsating
exhaust flow Is cited as the principal cause of error In
the proportional sampler.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Exhaust emissions, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
dioxide, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Air
pollution, Concentration(Compositlon), 'Air pollution
detection, Automobile exhaust, Light duty vehicles,
'Proportional samplers.
PB-278 187/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Office
of Great Lakes Coordinator.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity. Final Report on the Black Creek Project.
Volume 1. Summary. Final rept. 1972-77,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, Ind.
James Lake, James Morrison, Ralph G. Christensen,
and Carl D. Wilson. Oct 77,109p EPA/905/9-77/007-
A
Grant EPA-G005103
See also PB-270 963.
This is a final non-technical summary of the Black
Creek sediment control project. This project is to de-
termine the environmental impact of land use on water
quality. The project is an attempt to determine the role
that agricultural pollutants play in the degradation of
water quality in the Maumee River Basin and ultimately
in Lake Erie. (Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white)
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Sediments, 'Erosion con-
trol, 'Black Creek, Reviews, Land use, Agriculture,
Runoff, Soil erosion, Cultivation, Soil erosion, Fertiliz-
ers, K|utrients, Agricultural wastes, Monitoring,
Maumee River Basin, Lake Erie, Indiana, Allen
County(lndiana), Nonpoint sources.
PB-278 190/4 PC A03/MF A01
The 1974 Ozone Episode In the Baltlmore-to-Rlch-
mond Corridor,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. Feb 78,39p EPA/600/4-78/016
An ozone alert in July of 1974 in the Washington, D.C.,
area is examined in detail. Ozone data for 16 stations
in the Richmond-to-Baltimore corridor are examined in
conjunction with meteorological data for the alert
period. Emphases are given to trajectories of the air
between the surface and 1000 meters and the mixing
height and winds aloft data of the air pollution fore-
casts of the National Weather Service. The investiga-
tion revealed: (1) the period with high ozone concen-
trations was one when synoptic scale stagnation at the
surface and aloft prevailed most of the time together
with high temperatures and abundant solar radiation;
(2) despite overall stagnation over a very large region
there were periods when 48-hour trajectories showed
that ozone could have been transported from potential
source areas as far as 1000 kilometers upwind; (3) that
(a) the Richmond-to-Baltimore corridor was at the
southern and eastern periphery of a large area in the
industrial eastern United States which had high ozone
concentrations, and (b) many of the distant potential
source areas implicated in the trajectory analyses ob-
served high ozone concentration; and (4) that any
abatement strategy for this type of alert, even though
associated with stagnation, will have to take into ac-
count both local and distant sources.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric diffusion,
Diurnal variations, Metropolitan areas, District of Co-
lumbia, Maryland, Virginia, "Air quality.
PB-278 195/3 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Transport of Sewage Sludge. Final rept.,
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, El
Dorado Hills, Calif.
William F. Ettllch. Dec 77,98p' EPA/600/2-77/216
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
This project was Initiated with the overall objective of
developing organized information pertaining to the
costs of various sewage sludge transport systems.
Transport of liquid and dewatered sludge by truck and
rail and liquid sludge by barge and pipeline is included.
The report contains the method used In preparing the
cost data and the data is organized to facilitate manual
calculation of total transport costs for a variety of con-
ditions. The data Includes the installed cost for each
system, sludge processing requirements, fuel con-
sumption, manpower, and other operation and mainte-
nance requirements. Loading, unloading, and sludge
handling facilities construction costs and operation
and maintenance requirements are tabulated sepa-
rately from the requirements for direct hauling so the
data can be applied to a variety of specific appllca-
356 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions. Results of the study are related in tabular and
graphical presentations to appropriate single haul pa-
rameters; cubic yards for dewatered sludge and gallon
for liquid sludge.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
"Transportation, 'Economic analysis, Rail transporta-
tion, Highway transportation, Marine transportation,
Pipeline transportation, Cost estimates, Prices, Dewa-
tering, Trucks, Barges, Pumping, Graphs(Charts),
Sewage sludge disposal, Liquid waste disposal.
PB-278 196/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Verification of the Isopleth Method for Relating
Photochemical Oxldant to Precureor. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
J. Trijonis, and D. Hunsaker. Feb 78,124p EPA/600/
3-78/019
Contract EPA-68-02-2299
Historical trend data for oxidant concentrations In the
Los Angeles region were used to check the isopleth
method that has been proposed as a replacement for
the Appendix J method for relating oxidant to non-
methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and nitrogen oxide
(NOx) precursors. Using the median 6-9 AM NMHC/
NOx ratio measured during the summer as Input to the
isopleth model, significant discrepancies were found
between the isopleth predictions and actual oxidant
trends. Using a range in the NMHC/NOx ratio, In par-
ticular a low value for the ratio, much better agreement
was found between the predicted and actual trends.
Potential explanations for the discrepancies are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Trends, Concentration(Composition), Hydro-
carbons, Nitrogen oxides, Nomographs, Oxidlzers, Los
Angeles(California).
PB-278 198/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fate of Halogenated Compound* In the Atmos-
phere - Interim Report 1977. Rept. for Jul 76-Jul 77,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Hanwant B. Singh, L. J. Salas, H. Shiegelshl, and A. H.
Smith. Jan 78, 65p EPA/600/3-78/017
Grant EPA-R-8038020-2
The second year results Involved air monitoring at five
urban and nonurban stations with the help of an Instru-
mented environmental mobile laboratory. The monitor-
ing stations included urban, remote marine, remote
continental, high altitude and intermediate locations. In
situ analysis was performed for a total of 31 chemical
species and six meteorological parameters. Of the 31
chemical species sought, 19 were halogenated com-
pounds, five were nitrogen containing species, and the
remaining seven included hydrocarbons, CO, and O3.
Data suggest that the troposphere (northern hemi-
sphere) contains 2906 ppt of chlorine atoms. The chlo-
rine contribution of fluorocarbons Is 33% of the total
while that due exclusively to chlorocarbons Is 77%.
The natural chlorine contribution due solely to CH3CI
is 25% of the total organic chlorine burden. The
burden of halocarbons in the troposphere Is increasing
when compared to background data collected exactly
a year ago. Based on the budget and distribution of
methyl chloroform and Its emissions inventory, a two-
box model was used to develop the conclusion that
average trope-spheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentra-
tion was about 400,000 HO/ml. This is significantly
lower than the hitherto accepted OH concentrations In
the troposphere. It was further found that there may be
significant gradients In the northern and southern
hemispheric HO concentrations.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Gas analysis, Atmospheric composition, Chemi-
cal analysis, Troposphere,
Concentration(Compositlon), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Fluorine organic compounds, Trace elements,
Forecasting, 'Path of pollutants, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Hydroxyl radicals.
PB-278 257/1 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exist-
ing Stationary Source*. Volume III. Surface Coat-
Ing of Metal Furniture.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 77,66p* EPA/450/2-77/032, OAQPS-1.2-086
See also Volume 1 dated Nov 76, PB-260 386.
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) emissions from the coating operations of
metal furniture industry. This guidance includes an
emission limit which represents Reasonably Available
Control Technology (RACT), methods by which RACT
can be achieved, and monitoring and enforcement as-
pects. Specific topics discussed include the following:
Sources and types of emissions; Applicable systems
of emission reduction; Cost analysis; Adverse and
beneficial effects of applying technology; Monitoring
techniques and enforcement aspects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
'Vapors, Furniture, Coating processes, Metals, Indus-
trial wastes, Regulations, Law enforcement, Monitor-
ing, Sources, Process charting, Design criteria, Cost
analysis, Incinerators, Electrodeposition, Carbon,
Absorbers(Materlals), Sprays, Powder(Particles), Per-
formance evaluation, Stationary sources.
PB-278 258/9 PC A03/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emlaelons from Exist-
ing Stationary Source*. Volume IV. Surface Coat-
Ing for Insulation of Magnet Wire.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 77,44p' EPA/450/2-77/033, OAQPS-1.2-087
See also Volume 3 dated Dec 77, PB-278 257.
This report provides guidance for development of reg-
ulations to limit emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds from magnet wire coating operations. Coating
operations and control technology are described. Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology (RACT) is de-
scribed for the industry. Specific topics discussed In-
clude the following: Sources and types of emissions;
Applicable systems of emission reduction; Cost analy-
sis; Adverse and beneficial effects of applying technol-
ogy; Monitoring techniques and enforcement aspects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
'Vapors, 'Electrical insulation, Industrial wastes, Sur-
faces, Coating processes, Insulated wire, Magnetic
wire, Incinerators, Sources, Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Carbon,
Absorbers(Materials), Cost analysis, Technology,
Monitoring, Law enforcement, Stationary sources.
PB-278 259/7 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exit-
ing Stationary Source*. Volume V. Surface Coat-
Ing of Large Appliance*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Dec 77, 71p* EPA/450/2-77/034, OAQPS-1.2-088
See also Volume 4 dated Dec 77, PB-278 258.
This document provides the necessary guidance lor
development of regulations to limit emissions of vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC) from the coating oper-
ations of the large appliance industry. This guidance
Includes an emission limit which represents Reason-
ably Available Control Technology (RACT) for the
large appliance Industry, describes the Industry, shows
the methods by which VOC emissions can be reduced
In this industry, and describes the monitoring and en-
forcement aspects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
'Vapors, Coating processes, Appliances, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Process charting, Design criteria,
Cost analysis, Electrodeposition, Powder(Partlcles),
Carbon, Absorbers(Matertal8), Incinerators, Monitor-
ing, Law enforcement, Stationary sources.
PB-278 289/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Chronic Toxlclty of Chlordane, Trlfluralln, and
Pentachlorophenol to Sheep*head Minnow* (Cy-
prlnodon varlegatu*). Final rept.,
EG and G, Bionomics, Pensacola, Fla. Marine Re-
search Lab.
Patrick R. Parrish, Elizabeth E. Dyar, Joanna M. Enos,
and William G. Wilson. Jan 78,67p BP-78-1-006, EPA/
600/3-78/010
Contract EPA-68-03-2069
Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were
exposed to three chemicals-chlordane, trifluralin, or
pentachlorophenol-in flowing, natural seawater to de-
termine acute and chronic (full life-cycle effects). Mor-
tality of parental fish exposed to mean measured
chlordane concentrations > or - 2.8 micrograms/l was
significantly greater than that of control fish. Hatch of
juveniles from embryos of parental fish exposed to >
or - 0.8 micrograms/l was significantly less than hatch
of control juveniles. The estimated maximum accept-
able toxicant concentration (MATC) was > 0.5 < 0.8
micrograms/l and the application factor (AF) limits,
0.04-0.06. Exposure to mean measured trifluralin con-
centrations > or - 9.6 micrograms/l significantly de-
creased growth of parental fish. Fecundity of parental
fish exposed to concentrations > or - 4.8 micrograms/
I was significantly less than that of control fish. Survival
and growth of second generation fish were significant-
ly less than the control in concentrations > or - 9.6 mi-
crograms/l. The estimated MATC was >1.3<4.8 mi-
crograms/l and the AF limits, 0.007-0.025. Mortality of
parental sheepshead minnows exposed to mean
measured pentachlorophenol concentrations >88 ml-
crograms/i was significantly greater than mortality of
control fish. The estimated MATC was >47<88 mi-
crograms/1 and the AF limits, 0.11-0.20.
Keywords: 'Toxlclty, 'Minnows, 'Fishes, 'Chlordan,
'Pesticides, Marine fishes, Toxicology, Tables(Data),
Life cycles, Salt water, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Responses, Estuaries, Lethal dosage,
Chemical analysis, Tests, Bloassay, Water pollution,
•Phenol/pentachloro, 'Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), Bloaccumulatlon, 'Trifluralln, Labo-
ratory tests, 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 270/4 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Consumption of Advanced Wastewater
Treatment at Ely, Minnesota. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Donald J. Hernandez. Jan 78,30p EPA/600/7-78/001
This report analyzes energy use for the advanced
wastewater treatment plant at Ely, Minnesota, and
breaks It down Into three major categories: plant oper-
ation, support services, and indirect use. It provides a
detailed analysis of plant operation, process by proc-
ess, and shows that energy used in the operation of
the treatment process Is minimal when compared to
support services and indirect use.
Keywords: 'Energy consumption, 'Sewage treatment,
Design criteria, Process charting, Performance evalua-
tion, Ely(Mlnnesota).
PB-278 274/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
First Order Eatlmate* of Energy Requirement* for
Pollution Control,
Development Sciences, Inc., Sagamore, Mass.
James L Barker, Kenneth Maddox, James D.
Westfleld, and Douglas Wllcock. Feb 78,97p EPA/
600/7-78/022
Contract EPA-68-01 -4150
This report presents estimates of the energy demand
attributable to environmental control of pollution from
'stationary point sources.' This class of pollution
source includes powerplants, factories, refineries, mu-
nicipal waste water treatment plants, etc., but excludes
'mobile sources' - automobiles, trucks, etc. - and 'non-
point sources' - sources which do not produce Individ-
ual effluent streams, such as some types of farms,
mines, etc.
Sulfur oxides, Sewage treatment, Particles, Environ-
mental surveys, Cost estimates, 'Energy demand, Sta-
tionary sources.
December 1983 357
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-278 280/3 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Economic Impact of Environmental Regulations
on the United States Copper Industry.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Jan 78,516p* EPA/230/3-78/002-1
Contract EPA-68-01-2842
See also PB-278 281.
This report estimates, by use of an econmetric model,
the economic impact of environmental regulations on
the United States Copper Industry. The report covers
the principal air and water regulations as they affect
copper mining, milling, smelting and refining. Price,
employment, production and net imports are forecast
over the period 1978-1987 both with and without
present environmental regulations.
Keywords: 'Copper, *Metal industry, 'Environmental
protection, "Economic models, Mining, Beneficiation,
Smelting, Metal scrap, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution control, Government policies, Regulations,
Supply(Economics), Demand(Economics), Internation-
al trade, Prices, Process charting, Marketing, Toxicity,
Forecasting, Tables(Data), 'Copper industry, Second-
ary materials industry, Clean Air Act Amendments of
1970 and 1977, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972.
PB-278 281/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Economic Impact of Environmental Regulations
on the United States Copper Industry. Summary
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Jan 78,35p* EPA/230/3-78/002-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -2842
See also PB-278 280.
For impact analysis in this study, a computerized econ-
ometric simulation model of the United States copper
industry has been developed and used. The model is
designed, estimated and programmed to simulate the
industry's growth and evolution annually through 1987
under baseline conditions as well as under alternative
policy scenarios. The model considers, within an inter-
dependent framework, such variables as demand
(paying attention to substitution from other materials
such as aluminum), costs of production facing the pro-
ducers, prices, investment and international trade.
Costs ot production are directly factored into the
model through engineering cost functions so that tech-
nological developments as well as environmental fac-
tors affecting the industry can be readily assessed.
The major focus is on the primary producers. The
model provides a unified analytical framework captur-
ing quantitatively the pertinent interrelationships, to
deal effectively with the measurement of Impacts since
environmental regulations set into motion an essential-
ly simultaneous (interdependent) adjustment process
In supply (costs), demand, prices and other variables.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Metal industry, 'Environmental
protection, 'Economic models, Mining, Beneficiation,
Smelting, Metal scrap, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution control, Regulations, Government policies,
Supply(Economics),Demand(Economics), Internation-
al trade, Prices, Process charting, Marketing, Toxidty,
Forecasting, 'Copper industry, Secondary materials
industry, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1977,
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972.
PB-278 296/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of the EPA Reference Method for
Measurement of Non-Methane Hydrocarbons,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. W. Harrison, M. L. Timmons, R. B. Denyszyn, and C.
E. Decker. Jun 77,185p EPA/600/4-77/033
Contract EPA-68-02-1800
Many problems have been reported with the method
and instruments presently used to monitor ambient air
hydrocarbons. The study reported here was carried
out to determine, if possible, the sources of error inher-
ent with the present technique and to make recom-
mendations as to what modifications can be made to
eliminate or minimize these errors. A flame ionizaiton
detector and gas chromatographic instrument were
designed, built and evaluated to determine the effects
of operating parameters on hydrocarbon response and
the differences in response to various non-methane
hydrocarbon (NMHC) species. This instrument was
then used in a comparative evaluation with six com-
mercial instruments. The evaluation included determi-
nations of calibration stability and response to various
NMHC species. Following measurements with gases
from cylinders from commercial sources, the commer-
cial instruments were further compared in a three day
test using ambient air. Calibration stability was found to
be reasonable, with span shifts of greater than 5% the
biggest problem. There were wide differences in re-
sponses to different NMHC species. These differ-
ences were somewhat reduced by using propane re-
sponses as the basis of calibration rather than meth-
ane. When ambient air was analyzed there were large
discrepancies between analyzer readings which ap-
peared to be related to atmospheric water vapor con-
tent. Recommendations are made for changes in tech-
nique to minimize analyzer discrepancies.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Gas detectors, Gas anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Error
analysis, Air pollution, Calibrating,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
Flame ionization detectors.
PB-278 298/5 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
A Paleollmnologlcal Comparison of Burntslde and
Shagawa Lakes, Northeastern Minnesota. Final
rept. Oct 74-Dec 75,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Limnological Research
Center.
J. Plan Bradbury, and Jean C. B. Waddington. Jan 78,
61 p CONTRIB-155, EPA/600/3-78/004
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Denver, Colo.
The paleolimnological records of Burntside and
Shagawa Lakes in Northeastern Minnesota reveal that
these two adjacent lakes have been limnologically dis-
tinct for many years prior to the late 19th century activi-
ties of white men that polluted Shagawa Lake. Al-
though both lakes occur within the same vegetation
type and share much of their water, the diatom strati-
graphy of their bottom sediments indicates that Burnt-
side Lake was less productive in its natural state than
Shagawa Lake. The causes for this natural difference
are not clearly known, but differences in relative size of
drainage area and in bedrock geology may be respon-
sible. The results of this study show that paleolimnolo-
gical studies may provide better comparative informa-
tion for lake rehabilitation programs than do biological
and chemical analyses of contemporary unpolluted
water bodies.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Primary biological productiv-
ity, ' Burntside Lake, Shagawa Lake, 'Water pollution
abatement, Algae, Diatoms, Sediments, Vegetation,
Stratigraphy, Concentratlon(Composition), Cores,
Pollen, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron,
Manganese, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Chlorides, Sul-
fates, Minnesota, Paleolimnology, 'Eutrophication.
PB-278 305/8 PC A20/MF A01
The Los Angeles Catalyst Study Symposium. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Thomas R. Hauser. Jun 77,464p EPA/600/4-77/036
The proceedings consist of 21 technical papers cover-
ing such areas as sampling and analytical methods for
aerosols, including NH4(+), SO4(2-), Pb and NO3;
quality assurance procedures; statistical analysis of
LACS data; and trends in ambient air pollution concen-
tration measured just off a heavily travelled roadway in
Los Angeles.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Gas analysis, 'Meet-
ings, Nitrogen oxides(N2O), Membranes, Quality con-
trol, California, Air pollution, Sulfates, Quality assur-
ance, Chemical analysis, Ozone, Particles, Air filters,
Degradation, Aerosols, Sampling, Statistical analysis,
Roads, Catalysts, Extraction, Lead(Metal), Fuels, Flu-
orescence, X ray analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Ammonium compounds,
Electrodes, Nitrogen dioxide, Trace elements, "Los
Angeles(California), 'Air pollution detection, Selective
ion electrodes, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems),
Glass fiber filters.
PB-278 332/2 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Alternatives to Calcium-based SO2 Sorbents for
Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion: Conceptual Evalua-
tion. Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 76,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Richard A. Newby, and Dale L. Keairns. Jan 78,142p
EPA/600/7-78/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also report dated Apr 77, CONF-770447-p2.
The report gives results of a conceptual engineering
evaluation to screen supported metal oxides as alter-
natives to natural calcium-based sorbents (limestones
and dolomites) for SO2 control in atmospheric and
pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) process-
es. Alternative sorbents were evaluated, using three
acceptance criteria: SO2 removal capability in the
combustor, predicted by thermodynamics; SO2 con-
centrations achievable in the regenerator off-gas, ac-
cording to thermodynamics; and SO2 concentrations
off the regenerator, achievable based on material and
energy balances. The evaluation identified 14 poten-
tially acceptable sorbents for atmospheric FBC, and
11 for pressurized FBC. Cost estimates were prepared
to project the maximum acceptable loss rates for the
alternative sorbents due to attrition and/or deactiva-
tion. Loss rates must be less than 0.1 % of bed inven-
tory per hour in order to compete economically with
natural calcium-based sorbents, even if maximum
thermodynamic performance were obtained. U.S. re-
sources of some minerals may be of extreme impor-
tance for many of the alternative metal oxide sorbents
considered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
essing, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Absorbers(Materials), Substi-
tutes, Calcium, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Sorbents, Thermodynamics, Cost analysis,
Performance evaluation, Limestone,
Dolomite(Mineral), Metal oxides.
PB-278 333/0 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Liquefaction.
Annual rept. Jul 76-Sep 77,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Ken T. Budden, and Werner H. Zieger. Feb 78,202p
EPA/600/7-78/019
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
The report summarizes results of a study of the envi-
ronmental aspects of 14 of the most prominent coal
liquefaction systems, in terms of background, process
description, major operations, input and output
streams, status, and schedule of system development.
As a result of the study, four systems-SRC, H-Coal,
Exxon Donor Solvent, and Synthoil-were selected for
in-depth study. The first Standards of Practice Manual.
under preparation for the SRC-I system, will include
descriptions of modules, control/disposal practices,
environmental emissions, and control/disposal costs.
Keywords: 'Coal liquefaction, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Assessments, Technology, Process charting,
Design criteria, Regulations, Hydrogenation, Catalysis,
Pyrolysis, Forecasting, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Solid wastes, Sampling, Sites.
PB-278 337/1 Not available NTIS
Evaluation of a Method for Measuring Primary
Sulfate Emissions from Combustion Sources.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
J. L. Cheney, W. T. Winberry, and J. B. Homolya. 31
Aug 77,19p EPA/600/J-77/078
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
vA12(10)p549-566 1977.
A laboratory and field evaluation of a sulfate measure-
ment method has been conducted. During the evalua-
tion, the effects of probe plug material, isopropanol,
and flue gas metals were investigated for the possible
oxidation of SO2 during sampling. Simultaneous field
samples were collected in order to determine the ef-
fects of both quartz and pyrex probe plugs. The meas-
urement method, when used to measure sulfate emls-
358 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sions from residual fuel fired boilers, was found to be
repeatable and free of interferences due to S02 oxida-
tion. The sulfate collection efficiency of a sampling
train with a pyrex probe plug was found to be slightly
greater than an identical sampling train with a quartz
probe plug.
Keywords: 'Sulfates, "Gas analysis, Air pollution,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Metals, Sulfur dioxide, Probes, Labo-
ratory equipment, Field tests, Flue gases, 'Air pollution
detection, EPA method 6, Stationary sources, Re-
prints.
PB-278 338/9 Not available NTIS
Monitoring Airborne Paniculate Mas* by Beta Ab-
sorption. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
K. J. Krost, C. R. Sawicki, and J. P. Bell. 22 Feb 77,24p
EPA/600/J-77/079
Pub. in Analytical Letters, v10 n4 p333-355 1977.
A prototype airborne participate mass monitor, using
the principle of beta radiation absorption, has been
fabricated and evaluated on airborne paniculate
matter. A detection sensitivity of 80 mlcrogram/sq cm
was attained. A series of samples were collected, and
a comparison was made between the gravimetric and
beta absorption results obtained on each sample. This
study demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating a fully
automated system for the collection and analysis of
airborne paniculate mass, using the principle of beta
absorption attenuation. (Copyright (c) 1977 by Marcel
Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Detectors, Radiation measur-
ing instruments, Air pollution, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Absorption spectra, Feasibility, Sam-
ples, Beta particles, Carbon 14, Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Beta detection.
PB-278 339/7 Not available NTIS
Chemilurnlnescence Measurement of Reactivity
Weighted Ethylene-Equlvalent Hydrocarbon*.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Frank M. Black, Larry E. High, and Arthur Fontijn. 7 Jan
77,6p EPA/600/J-77/080
Prepared in cooperation with AeroChem Research
Labs., Inc., Princeton, N.J.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11
n6p597-601 Jun77.
A reactive hydrocarbon analyzer (RHA), based on the
chemilumlnescent reaction of hydrocarbons with
oxygen atoms, is used to provide a rapid Indication of
reactivity weighted hydrocarbon mass In automobile
exhaust. Samples are reported by their ethylene-equiv-
alent concentration-the concentration of ethylene
which would give the same mass-reactivity product as
the exhaust hydrocarbon mixture. These are com-
pared to ethylene-equivalent concentrations obtained
by the much more cumbersome procedure of weight-
ing the individual sample hydrocarbons, determined by
gaa chromatography (GC), by their respective relative
short-term photochemical reactivities, summing these
results, and equating them to ethylene. Procedures are
also described to eliminate a negative interference to
the RHA method resultant from H2O quenching of the
chemiluminescence emitter. The RHA and GC ethyl-
ene-equivalent concentrations correlate within 5%.
(Copyright (c) 1977 by the American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Gas detectors, Exhaust
emissions, Chemiluminescence, Gas chromatography,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composltion), Reprints, 'Automobile
exhaust, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-278 341/3 PC A02/MF A01
A Two Stage Resplrable Aerosol Sampler Using
Nuclepore Filters In Series. Journal articles,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. N.C.
R. D. Parker, G. H. Buzzard, T. G. Dzubay, and J. P.
Bell. 1977,7p EPA/600/J-77/083
Pub. In Atmospheric Environment, v11 p617-621 1977.
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham,
N.C. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials
Science.
Respirable and nonrespirable particles are separately
collected from the atmosphere in a size selective sam-
pler consisting of two Nuclepore filters in series. The
first filter has pore diameters of 12 micrometers and
collects, to a close approximation, the nonrespirable
fraction as defined by the ACGIH criteria. The second
filter has pore diameters of 0.2 micrometer and col-
lects the respirable fraction. Experimental meas-
urements of the efficiency of the 12 micrometer filter
are found to be in good agreement with theoretical
predictions based on calculated particle trajectories in
a flow field that satisfies the Navier-Stokes equations.
Atmospheric samples were collected using both the
techniques of series filtration and of virtual impaction.
A mass and elemental analysis of the aerosol deposits
using gravimetric and X-ray fluorescence techniques
demonstrated that the results from the two types of
sampler are comparable. Filter loading as great as 90
micrograms/sq cm was investigated and found to pro-
duce no change in filter performance as measured by
the location of the 50% cutpolnt.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Samplers, 'Aerosols, Particle
size distribution, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Reprints, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-278 342/1 PC A02/MF A01
Mass and Composition of an Urban Aerosol as a
Function of Particle Size for Several Visibility
Levels. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Ronald K. Patterson, and Jack Wagman. 10 Jan 77,
13pEPA/600/J-77/081
Revision of report dated 27 Jul 76.Pub. in Jnl. of Aero-
sol Science, v8 p269-279 1977.
An atmospheric aerosol sampling analysis experiment
at a site near the center of the New York metropolitan
area was carried out to delineate relationships existing
between degree of visibility and various aerosol char-
acteristics in a polluted atmosphere. Size-fractionated
and unfractionated paniculate samples were collected
at four discrete levels of visibility and analyzed for
S04(-2), N03(-1), Cl(-1), NH4(+1), Pb, Fe, Mg, Zn and
total mass. At all levels of visibility, blmodal or multimo-
dal particle size distributions were observed for total
mass and, in some cases, for individual components.
Decreased visibility corresponded to increased parti-
cle mass concentration especially In the fine particle
fraction (ranging in size from about 0.1 to 1.0 microme-
ter dia.). Increases in the proportion of paniculate sul-
fate and, to a lesser extent, of nitrate, chloride, ammo-
nium, and carbon were also associated with de-
creased visibility.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Visibility, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Metropolitan areas, New York, Particle size dis-
tribution, Ions, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Lead(Metal),
Chlorides, Chemical analysis, Fines,
Concentration(Compositlon), Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Mass, Ammonium compounds, Reprints, "Air
pollution detection, New York Clty(New York), Atmos-
pheric transmisslvlty.
PB-278 343/9 Not available NTIS
Photochemical Reactions among Formaldehyde,
Chlorine, and Nitrogen Dioxide In Air. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Philip L Hanst, and Bruce W. Gay, Jr. 22 Jun 77,7p
EPA/600/J-77/082
Presented at the Centennial Meeting, American
Chemical Society, San Francisco, Calif. Sep 76.
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, v11
n12p1105-1109Nov77.
Photochemical reactions among chlorine, nitrogen
dioxide, and formaldehyde were studied, using parta-
per-mlllion concentrations In 1 atm of air. The reactant
mixtures were irradiated by ultraviolet fluorescent
lamps and simultaneously analyzed by the Fourier
transform Infrared technique by use of folded light
paths up to 504m. With an excess of NO2 over CI2, the
reaction products included O3, CO, HNO3, N2O5, HCI,
and nltryl chloride (CINO2). When chlorine exceeded
N02, the principal product was peroxy nitric acid
(HOONO2). Peroxy formyl nitrate, nitrous acid, and
chlorine nitrate were not seen. The nitryl chloride was
stable even with the ultraviolet lights on. The peroxy
nitric acid disappeared from the cell with a half-life of
about 10 min. Formyl radicals (HCO), unlike acetyl
radicals, did not combine with O2 and NO2 by addition.
HCO reacted with 02 to yield HOON02. If NO is
present, the H02 will prefer to react with it, oxidizing it
to N02. (Copyright (c) 1977 by the American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Chlorine, 'Nitrogen diox-
ide, 'Air pollution, Photochemical reactions, Free radi-
cals, Infrared spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
PB-278 345/4 PC A09/MF A01
An Experiment In Zero-Base Budget Analysis,
Fiscal Year 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Mar 77,185p EPA/600/9-77/009
In the summer of 1976, the Senate Appropriations
Committee requested that the Congressional Budget
Office (CBO) review EPA's Interagency Energy/Envi-
ronmental R & D Program. Senate Interest In under-
standing the program in detail and the Budget Office's
desire to evaluate alternative approaches to budget
review resulted In a commitment on the part of the
OEMI senior staff to complete a zero-base budgeting
(ZBB) analysis of the proposed fiscal year 1978
budget. This review addressed the full spectrum of the
Interagency Program from environmental control tech-
nology to health and environmental effects of energy
use. Due to severe time constraints It did not, however,
directly Involve the participation of representatives
from the other 16 Federal agencies and departments
which are involved In the Interagency Program. This
report is, understandably, imperfect. It does, however,
Include the documentation of the ZBB exercise, the
Congressional Budget Office review of that documen-
tation, and a short analysis of the OEMI experience in
doing the review and a discussion of the use of ZBB In
the government R & D perspective.
Keywords: 'Federal budgets, 'Environmental surveys,
'Management planning, Research management,
Public health, Ecology, Fuels, Pollution control, Moni-
toring, Research and development, Path of pollutants,
Zero oase budgeting.
PB-278 347/0 PC A04/MF A01
A Research Strategy for Social Assessment of
Lake Restoration Programs,
Corvallis EnvironmentafResearch Lab., Oreg.
William D. Honey, and Thomas C. Hogg. Feb 78,53p
EPA/600/5-78/004
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Anthropology.
The research was initiated In order to examine the
social Implications of lake restoration programs and to
develop a standardized methodology for social impact
assessment. A cultural ecological model is employed
since it provides perspectives on the relationship of
human adaptation and cultural development In evolu-
tionary terms. Use of the model calls for examination
of both spatial and temporal parameters. The model
has not been tested In a specific research environ-
ment, but It has been developed from strategies which
have proved effective In examining the social implica-
tions of public works projects. A general research
strategy Is set forth to encompass historical, geo-
graphical, and ethnological components In a cultural
setting. Data are quantified for a contemporary social
profile, and for projections with and without project Im-
plementation. All data are examined in terms of five in-
strumental cultural functions. Criteria for sodo-cultural
assessment are employed from a research matrix.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Social effect, Renovating,
Culture(Soclal sciences), Ethnology, Social anthropol-
ogy, Environmental Impacts, Water resources, Envi-
ronmental protection, Water pollution abatement.
PB-278 3S7/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Closed Process Water Loop In NSSC Corrugating
Medium Manufacture. Final rept.,
Green Bay Packaging, Inc., WIs.
Gerald O. Walraven, William R. Nelson, Peter E.
DeRossI, and Richard L. Wlsneski. Dec 77,96p EPA/
600/2-77/241
Grant EPA-S-800520
December 1983 359
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Over the last 5 years, the Green Bay Packaging corru-
gating medium mill has converted to an essentially
closed process water system. The mill is a net con-
sumer of water. This is due to the greater amount of
water carried out of the system with the sheet com-
pared to the lower water content entering the process
system in raw materials. Many small dilute water
streams are accepted into the process without upset-
ting the water balance. When extraneous water inputs
do upset the system balance, the condition is correct-
able by thermal evaporation or reverse osmosis. The
reverse osmosis plant design operating performance
and economics are described. Although many reverse
osmosis operating problems have been solved, flux
rates are somewhat lower than had been predicted.
Other system additions and revisions for process
water entrapment, recycle, and surge protection are
described. When a spill cannot be prevented, a moni-
toring system is used by production personnel for early
detection and correction. Included in key areas is re-
dundant equipment to help correct failures quickly.
Levels of BOD loss have been reduced from the
20,000 pounds per day range (9072 kg/day)--1971 - to
less than 1000 pounds per day (454 kg/day)-monthly
average- for 1975. The daily maxima of 4000 pounds
per day (1814 kg/day) has not been exceeded in any
mill operating day during 1975. This report covers a
period from July 19,1972, through February 2,1976.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Paper industry,
Recycling, Reverse osmosis, Process charting, Design
criteria, performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Membranes, Monitoring, Water reuse, 'Closed-cycle
systems.
PB-278 373/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effective Control of Secondary Water Pollution
from Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Systems. Final rept.
Jul 76-May 77,
Resources Conservation Co., Renton, Wash.
Lanny D. Weimer. Sep 77,70p EPA/600/7-77/106
Contract EPA-68-02-2171
The report describes tests to demonstrate the feasibil-
ity of using a vertical-tube, falling-film, vapor-compres-
sion evaporator to concentrate waste water from a flue
gas desulfurlzation (FGD) process. Tests showed that
waste water from the Chiyoda FGD process can be
concentrated up to 140 times and with recovery of
more than 99% of the waste stream as high quality
water (< 10 ppm TDS). Two series of tests were con-
ducted: one with a 25 gpd bench model evaporator;
the other with a 6000 gpd pilot size evaporator. Proc-
ess conditions were identified and verified for scale
free operation. Heat transfer coefficients of 500-750
Btu/hr-sq ft-degrees F were consistently achieved
throughout the tests. A conceptual design and eco-
nomic study of a full size treatment facility showed that
capital costs will range from $5110 to $8706/1000 gpd
of waste water processed, depending on system ca-
pacity. Operating costs will vary from $2.46 to $3.60/
1000 gal. of waste water processed, depending on
system capacity and waste water composition. Some
credit can be taken for savings on boiler makeup water
treatment costs by providing the high quality distillate
to that process.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Flue gases, Feasibility, Air pollution control,
Evaporators, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Distillation, Heat
transfer, Cost analysis, Chiyoda process.
PB-278 374/4 Not available NTIS
Role of Time as a Factor In the Toxlclty of Chemi-
cal Compounds In Intermittent and Continuous
Exposures. Part II. Effects of Intermittent Expo-
sure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
D. L. Coffin, D. E. Gardner, G. I. Sidorenko, and M. A.
Pinigan. 1977, lOp EPA/600/J-77/105b
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of General and
Municipal Hygiene, Moscow (USSR).
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 3
0821-8281977.
Because of fluctuations in levels of industrial air pollu-
tion linked to weather and other factors, a joint U.S.-
Soviet research team studied differences in the effect
of time In exposures of air-breathing animals to con-
trolled varied concentrations of air pollutants. An ex-
perimental model environment was used to investigate
the effects of nitrogen dioxide (N02), sulfur dioxide
(S02), and benzene (C6H6) in the air environment of
laboratory animals, with both continuous and intermit-
tent exposures, Part II concerns the toxicities of inter-
mittent exposures to C6H6 and NO2; three parameters
were used. The toxic effects of NO2 with intermittent
exposure were not reduced as was the case with
C6H6. Data are presented to show that intermittent ex-
posure to NO2 may be more toxic than continuous ex-
posure when short-term peaks of NO2 concentrations
are involved.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ben-
zene, 'toxicology, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Respiration, Air pollution, Toxicity, Exposure,
Time series analysis, Chemical compounds, Reprints,
'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-278 375/1 PC A03/MF A01
Accuracy and Trace Organic Analyses. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert G. Lewis. 1976,27p EPA/600/J-76/078
Pub. in Proceedings of the IMR Symposium (7th) Held
in Gaithersberg, Md. 7-11 Oct. 74: Accuracy in Trace
Analysis: Sampling, Sample Handling, and Analysis,
NBS-SP-422,p9-34Aug76.
Accuracy in trace organic analysis presents a formida-
ble problem to the residue chemist. He is confronted
with the analysis of a large number and variety of com-
pounds present in a multiplicity of substrates at levels
as low as parts-per-trillion. At these levels, collection,
isolation, identification and quantification are all very
difficult. Sample contamination and substrate interfer-
ences can also lead to large errors. Obtaining accurate
qualitative data is often more of a problem than accu-
racy of quantitative data. Retention times and peak
height measurements from gas chromatography cou-
pled with highly sensitive, but nonspecific, detectors
are most commonly used in residue analysis. Although
dual column and/or dual detector determination, parti-
tion values and chemical derivatlzation are often em-
ployed, lack of good reference standards, interfer-
ences and poor detector specificity frequently cast
doubt on the qualitative and quantitative accuracy of
data upon which regulatory decisions may be made.
Mass spectrometry and Fourier transform spectropho-
tometry offer partial solutions to qualitative accuracy
where this instrumentation is available. However, less
expensive and more sensitive specific detectors for
gas chromatography are most needed. Means of
quantitating residues from mixtures like polychlorobi-
phenyls and toxaphenes are far from adequate. Col-
lection systems for environmental media often lack ef-
ficiency, especially for volatile organic compounds in
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Trace elements,
•Chemical analysis, 'Environmental surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Gas chroma-
tography, Residues, Pesticides, Accuracy, Perform-
ance evaluation, Quality control, Gas detectors, Re-
prints.
PB-278 378/5 PC A02/MF A01
Whole-Body Doslmetry of Microwave Radiation In
Small Animals: The Effect of Body Mass and Ex-
posure Geometry. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Div.
James B. Kinn. 25 Apr 77,6p EPA/600/J-77/103
Pub. in Radio Science, v12 n6S p61-64 1977.
Whole-body absorption of 2450-MHz radiation was
measured in rats that ranged from 6 to 440 grams and
mice that ranged from 30 to 50 grams. Simultaneous
exposure of groups of animals in varying numbers and
various configurations were made under free-field con-
ditions in an electrically anecholc chamber. Meas-
urements of whole-body absorption were made with
twin-well calorimeters. The results indicate that, for
animals within a given narrow range of body mass, in-
dividual rates of absorption may, at the extreme, vary
by a factor of seven. One implication of this variability
is that studies of dose-response relations may be con-
founded unless power densities of incident radiation
are sufficiently different to provide nonoverlapping
dose rates. Comparisons of measured doses to pre-
dicted values as derived from a spherical shell model
show considerable variations of observed from pre-
dicted values. Specific relationships of the specific ab-
sorption rates (SAR) to position and to the position and
mass of the animals are presented.
Keywords: 'Dosimetry, 'Microwaves, Body Weight,
Absorption(Biology), Whole body irradiation, Measure-
ment, Radiation effects, Rats, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB-278 379/3 PC AQ2/MF A01
Simplified Micro Perchlorlnatlon Method for Poly-
chlorinated Blphenyls In Biological Samples. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C, Environmental Toxicology Div.
Howard L. Crist, and Robert F. Moseman. 25 Mar 77,
7p EPA/600/J-77/102
Pub. in the Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v60n6p1277-1281 1977.
A simplified methodology is presented for the micro
determination of polychlorinated blphenyls (PCBs) in
biological samples, by conversion to the decachlorobl-
phenyl (DCB) derivative. Beef adipose tissue and
human milk extracts were fortified with PCB standards
at 0.1-5.0 ppm, and perchlorinated with antimony pen-
tacmorlde (SbCIS). Several Aroclors representing var-
ious degrees of chlorine content were investigated to
assess the efficiency of conversion to DCB. Samples
were cleaned up on a Florisil mini column and the
PCBs were quantitated by electron capture GLC. Sev-
eral chlorinated pesticides which were subjected to the
perchlorination procedure did not interfere. As little as
0.1 ppm PCBs in 500 mg tissue extract can be recov-
ered at 79-99%. The background DCB content of sev-
eral brands of SbCIS was determined. The levels of
PCBs in human milk obtained by perchlorination tech-
nique are compared with data acquired by electron
capture gas-liquid chromatography in which the indi-
vidual cmorobiphenyls in the sample are measured.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Tissues(Biology),
'Milk, Humans, Quantitative analysis, Contaminants,
Toxicology, Environments, Reprints, Analytical meth-
ods, 'Biphenyl/chloro, Adipose tissue, Microanalysis,
Analytical methods, 'Toxic substances.
PB-278 380/1 Not available NTIS
Role of Time as a Factor In the Toxlclty of Chemi-
cal Compounds In Intermittent and Continuous
Exposures. Part I. Effects of Continuous Expo-
sure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
D. E. Gardner, D. L. Coffin, M. A. Pinigin, and G. I.
Sidorenko. 15 Sep 77,12p EPA/600/J-77/105a
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of General and
Municipal Hygiene, Moscow (USSR).
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 3
p811-820 1977.
Because of fluctuation in levels of industrial air pollu-
tion linked to weather and other factors, a joint U.S.-
Soviet research team studied differences in the effect
of time In exposures of air-breathing animals to con-
trolled varied concentrations of air pollutants. An ex-
perimental model environment was used to investigate
the effects of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and Ben-
zene in the air environment of laboratory animals, with
both continuous and intermittent exposures. For inter-
mittent exposures the investigators used amounts of
toxic gases whose cumulative total equaled the total in
the continuous exposures, and Intercalated the Inter-
mittent exposures with periods of nonpolluted air. Part
1 of this work deals with the effects of continuous ex-
posure to benzene on the central nervous system and
blood. Toxic effects of continuous exposure to various
concentrations of benzene were found in these sys-
tems. The time-effect relationships could be approxi-
mated on a log-log scale by straight lines. Similar re-
sults were obtained with sulfur dioxide. Using different
parameters to measure toxicity, similar results were
obtained with nitrogen dioxide, namely concentration-
time relationships that when plotted on a log-log scale
gave straight lines.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Toxicity, 'Ben-
zene, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen dioxide, Mice, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Air pollution,
Gases, Laboratory animals, Central nervous system,
Blood, Physiological effects, Toxicology, Experimental
data, Respiration, Time series analysis, Bioassay,
Lethal dosage, USSR, Animal models, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Reprints.
360 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-278 381/9 Not available NTIS
Incraased Inactivity with Exposure to Ozone and
Sulfurlc Acid. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Donald E. Gardner, Frederick J. Miller, Joseph W.
Illing, and Jerome M. Kirtz. 21 Apr 77, 8p EPA/600/J-
77/104
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v1 p59-641977.
The effects of the combined action of ozone (O3) and
sulfuric acid (H2S04) aerosol on host susceptibility to
an aerosol of viable microorganisms were studied. Ex-
posure to O3 (0.196 mg/cu m) was for 3 h, while expo-
sure to H2SO4 (0.9 mg/cu m) lasted 2 h. Neither pol-
lutant alone caused a significant increase in mortality
as compared to clean air controls. In those studies in-
volving the combined action of the sequential expo-
sure to the two pollutants, there was a statistically sig-
nificant increase in respiratory infections in the treated
group over controls (indicated by per cent mortality)
only when the exposure to the oxidant immediately
preceded that of the acid. (Copyright (c) Elsevier/
North-Holland Blomedlcal Press 1977.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Respiratory dis-
eases, 'Immunology, Lung, Toxicity, Immunity, Air pol-
lution, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Syner-
glstlc effects of air pollutants.
PB-278 382/7 Not available NTIS
Evaluation of Polyurethane Foam for Sampling of
PMtlcldes, Polychlorlnated Biphenyls and Poly-
chlorinated Naphthalenes In Ambient Air. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert G. Lewis, Alan R. Brown, and Merrill D.
Jackson. 11 Jul 77,7p EPA/600/ J-77/106
Presented at the National Meeting of the American
Chemical Society (173rd), New Orleans, La. 25 Mar
77. (Paper no. 78, Div. of Pesticide Chemistry).
Pub. In Analytical Chemistry, v49 n12 p 1668-1672
1977.
Polyurethane foam has been evaluated for use In a
high-volume air sampler to collect a broad spectrum of
pesticides, polychlorinated blphenyls (PCBs) and poly-
chlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The sampler draws
air through a glass module equipped with a paniculate
filter and a polyurethane foam vapor trap at flow rates
which can be controlled from 100 to 250 L/min. Up to
300 cu m of air can be sampled in a 24-hour day, pro-
viding theoretical detection limits of less than 0.1 ng/
cu m for some Individual compounds. Extraction and
clean-up methodology for gas chromatographlc analy-
sis are uncomplicated. Collection efficiencies have
been determined for several organochlorine and or-
ganophosphate pesticides, PCBs and PCNs. (Copy-
right (c) 1977 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Polyurethane resins, 'Foam, 'Samplers,
'Pesticides, Particles, Filtration, Chlorine organic com-
pounds. Air pollution, Extraction, Laboratory equip-
ment, Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution detection, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Polychlorinated naphthalenes.
PB-278 383/5 PC A02/MF A01
EPA'* Catalyst Research Program: Environmental
Impact of Sulfuric Acid Emissions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Robert E. Lee, Jr., and F. Vandiver Duffield. 1977,7p
EPA/600/J-77/101
Pub. In Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v27
n7p631-6351977.
A sulfuric acid review conference sponsored by EPA's
automotive Catalyst Research Program was held re-
cently at Hendersonville, NC, for researchers whose
work Is funded by EPA. Emissions characterization re-
search indicated that In-use catalyst-equipped vehi-
cles emit low levels of H2S04,, averaging 2.7 mg/mile
for 49-state cars and 15 mg/mile for California cars.
Research on measurement methodology for H2SO4
and other sulfate compounds has led to the develop-
ment of several promising techniques based on selec-
tive volatilization. In-roadway and off-roadway monitor-
ing programs are providing sulfate data which can lead
to improved mathematical predictive models. Acute
toxlcity studies to date indicate that morphological,
biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological alter-
ations due to Inhaled H2SO4 alone do not appear to
occur at levels less than 1 mg/cu m. However, striking
effects are noted with combinations of H2S04 and
other pollutants. Participants Identified the need for
long term chronic H2SO4 exposure studies. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Air pollution control, Ex-
haust emissions, Sulfates, Toxicity, Monitoring, Chemi-
cal analysis, Public health, Reprints, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust system), 'Air pollution detection.
PB-278 450/2 PC A02/MF A01
Disposition of 14C and/or 74As-Cacodyllc Add In
Rata Attar Intravenous, Intratracheal, or Peroral
Administration. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
J. T. Stevens, L. L. Hall, J. D. Farmer, L. C. DIPasquale,
and N. Chernoff. Aug 77,9p EPA/600/J-77/107
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v19 p151-
1571977.
The distribution, excretion, and possible metabolism of
(14)C- and/or (74)As-cacodylic acid, and organoar-
senical herbicide, was studied In rats following a single
intravenous Injection, intratracheal Instillation or oral
gavage. Male Sherman rats were dosed at levels rang-
ing from 200 mg/kg to 120 micrograms/kg. The extent
and rate of lung absorption was greater than gastroin-
testinal absorption. Concentrations in the liver and
whole blood were higher after peroral dosing than in-
travenous administration. Levels observed In plasma
and other tissues were similar after all three routes fol-
lowing the absorptive phase. The percent dose found
in the whole blood, red blood cells, and plasma was
similar for all doses given by these routes. Less than
0.1-1/2 of the administered dose was recovered as
(14)CO2 by any route at 24 hr after administration.
Levels in all tissues decreased rapidly, but remained
high in whole blood. The red blood cells were found to
be the major site of body burden of cacodylic acid.
Keywords: 'Bloassay, 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Ar-
senic organic compounds, Toxicology,
Absorption(Blology), Metabolism, Excretion, Dosage,
Parenteral infusions, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Ingestion(Biology), Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Blood, TIssuesfBiology), Muscles, Kidney, Liver, Lung,
Labeled substances, Erythrocytes, Reprints, 'Cacody-
lic acid, Pesticide residues, Gavage, Body burdens,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-278 483/3 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Enforcement.
Control of Partlculate Emissions from Wood-Fired
Boilers,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Richard W. Boubel. 1977,266p EPA/340/1-77/026
Contract EPA-68-01-3150
This report is intended primarily as a guide for control
agency personnel and engineers who are not familiar
with wood-fired boilers. The presentation is thorough
and detailed; trade jargon has been avoided, and tech-
nical terms are defined. A secondary purpose of this
report is to compile in a single document the latest
available information on air pollution control technol-
ogy as it concerns wood-fired boilers. This information
includes descriptions of control systems, emission
sampling procedures, applicable regulations, and
costs of control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Particles,
Wood, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Design
criteria, Process charting, Technology, Sampling, Reg-
ulations, Cost analysis.
PB-278 484/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado. Final
rept.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallls, Oreg.
Jul 77,60p WORKING PAPER-769
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Dillon Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Colorado, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Summit County(Colorado).
PB-278 494/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Ute Reservoir, Quay County, New Mexico. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,45p WORKING PAPER-824
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Ute Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, New Mexico, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Quay County(New Mexico).
PB-278 49S/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake McMillan, Eddy County, New Mexico. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 48p WORKING PAPER-823
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
l phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
re estimated and subdivided according to
Annual total
the lake were
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake McMillan, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, New Mexico, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Eddy County(New Mexico).
PB-278 497/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Bluewater Lake, McKlnley and Valencia Counties,
New Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,41p WORKING PAPER-818
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg.. New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bluewater Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, New Mexico, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, McKlnley County(New
Mexico), Valencia County(New Mexico).
PB-278 498/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
December 1983 361
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Elephant Butt* Reservoir, Sierra and Socorro
Counties, New Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 52p WORKING PAPER-821
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Elephant Butte Reser-
voir, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, New Mexico,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Sierra
Coumy(New Mexico), Socorro County(New Mexico).
PB-278 600/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
El Vado Reservoir, Rio Arrlba County, New
Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77, 45p WORKING PAPER-822
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg.. New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Sante Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'El Vado Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, New Mexico,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Rio Arriba
County(New Mexico).
PB-278 507/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Barr Lake, Adams County, Colorado. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,39p WORKING PAPER-766
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and Colorado National Guard,
Denver.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Barr Lake, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Colorado, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Adams County(Colorado).
PB-278 512/9 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation and Research of Methodology for the
National Environmental Specimen Bank,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Inst.
for Materials Research.
T. E. Gills, H. L Rook, and P. D. LaFleur. Feb 78,78p
EPA/600/1-78/015
The report is a summary of analytical methodologies
developed or adopted by NBS to insure proper proce-
dures for sampling, storage and analysis of biological
and environmental type matrices. Protocols estab-
lished in these procedures will insure that the meas-
urement of an analyte can be made within known and/
or required uncertainty levels and that samples can be
stored for retrospective analysis. The contributions in
this report are divided in seven sections which includes
analytical methods for trace element analysis and
techniques for sampling and storage of specific matri-
ces.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Evaluation, Research,
Methodology, Tables(Data), Sampling, Standards,
Storage, Analyzing, Trace elements, Laboratory equip-
ment, Environments, Materials, Protocols, Specimen
handling, National Bureau of Standards, 'Specimen
banks, Biological material.
PB-278 517/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Alamogordo Reservoir (Sumner Lake), De Baca
and Quadalupe Counties, New Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,44p WORKING PAPER-817
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AM data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Alamogordo Reservoir,
'Sumner Lake, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bio-
assay, Watersheds, Water quality management, New
Mexico, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, De Baca
CountyjNew Mexico), Guadalupe County(New
Mexico).
PB-278 518/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Coeur D'Alene Lake, Benewah and Kootenal
Counties, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,69p WORKING PAPER-778
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, • Coeur D'Alene Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Benewah County(ldaho),
Kootenai County(ldaho).
PB-278 522/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Island Park Reservoir, Fremont County, Idaho.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,45p WORKING PAPER-782
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according
toeither point or non-point source origin. An assess-
ment of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutri-
ent is also provided. All data collected by the
U.S.E.P.A. National Eutrophication Survey during the
one year study of the lake and its tributaries are includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Island Park Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Fremont County(ldaho).
PB-278 525/1 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Cumberland Lake, Clinton, Pulaskl, Russell, and
Wayne Counties, Kentucky. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77,83p WORKING PAPER-351
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kentucky Dept.
for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection,
Frankfort, and Kentucky National Guard, Frankfort.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cumberland Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Kentucky, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Clinton County(Kentucky), Pulaskl
County(Kentucky), Russell County(Kentucky), Wayne
County(Kentucky).
PB-278 528/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Lowell, Canyon County, Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,44p WORKING PAPEF(-783
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Lowell, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Idaho, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Canyon County(ldaho).
PB-278 540/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Conchas Reservoir, San Miguel County, New
Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,47p WORKING PAPEH-819
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe, and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Conchas Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, New Mexico,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, San Miguel
County(New Mexico).
PB-278 545/9 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Navajo Reservoir, Archuleta County, Colorado,
and San Juan and Rio Arrlba Countlea, New
Mexico. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jul 77,58p WORKING PAPER-775
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Colorado Dept.
of Health, Denver, and New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
362 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Navajo Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Colorado, New Mexico,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Archuleta
County(Colorado), San Juan County(New Mexico), Rio
Arriba County(New Mexico).
PB-278 646/7 PC A16/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C.
EPA Assessment of Fallout In the United State*
from Atmospheric Nuclear TMtlng on September
26 and November 17,1076 by th* People'* Repub-
lic of Chin*,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Ala.
Ann B. Strong, J. Michael Smith, and Raymond H.
Johnson, Jr. Aug 77,134p EPA/520/5-77/002
The report represents EPA's assessment of radiation
doses due to radioactive fallout from both atmospheric
nuclear test during the f all o11976. This assessment is
based upon data from EPA's national monitoring pro-
gram for fallout. Primarily, this assessment focuses on
the potential for radiation exposures due to fallout ma-
terials In pasteurized milk after the September 26,
1876, nuclear test. The potential doses from Inhalation
of radioactive aerosols following this test were very
•mall. Also, fallout levels after the November 17,1076,
nuclear test were below or barely at measurable
levels. Consequently, the only potential doses of sig-
nificance were attributed to consumption of pasteur-
ized milk after the September 26 nuclear test. Conclu-
sions are as follows: (1) These two nuclear weapons
tests will not contribute significantly to thyroid cancer
deaths in the United States; (2) There were no signifi-
cant exposures to commercial airline passengers or
employees as a result of flights following the Novem-
ber detonation; (3) ERAMS data can be used to make
reasonable estimates of doses to the population of the
United States due to radioactivity in the environment.
Keywords: 'Fallout, 'Nuclear explosion effects, Rain-
'all, Radioactive isotopes, Iodine 131, Grass, Milk, Air
Pollution, United States, China, Air transportation, Ra-
diation dosage, Radiation effects, Thyroid diseases,
Malignant neoplasms.
PB-278 547/5 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Empirical Relationships Between Atmospheric Ni-
trogen Dioxide and It* Precursors. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
John Trijonis. Fob 78,365p EPA/600/3-78/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2299
Aerometric data were examined to define relationships
between atmospheric N02 and its precursors. A de-
scriptive and critical analysis of the nationwide data
base of NO2 was carried out, followed by the formula-
tion application and testing of empirical models relat-
ing ambient N02 changes to NOx and hydrocarbon
jnC) emission controls. The examination showed that
u) other factors being constant, annual mean and
yearly maximum NO2 are proportional to NOx input; (2)
"C control yields slight-to-moderate reductions in
yearly maximum NO2; (3) HC control yields essentially
negligible benefits for annual mean NO2; and (4) the
exact form of the NO2/precursor relationship may vary
somewhat from one location to the next, depending on
•oca! conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Nitrogen
dioxide, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Atmospheric models, Math-
ematical models, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Trends, Statistical distributions, California, Sampling,
empirical equations, Comparison, Field tests, Monitor-
ing. Atmospheric composition, Air quality, Los
Angeles(Cainornia), Storage and retrieval of aerome-
tncdata.
PB-278 548/3 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nov.
Eagle Nest Lake, Colfax County, New Mexico.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,41p WORKING PAPER-820
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., New Mexico Environmental Im-
provement Agency, Santa Fe. and New Mexico Na-
tional Guard, Santa Fe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Eagle Nest Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, New Mexico, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Colfax County(New Mexico).
PB-278 653/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Magic Rntrvolr, Cam** and Bl*ln* Count!**,
Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,49p WORKING PAPER-785
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Magic Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Idaho, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Camas County(ldaho), Blalne
County(ldaho).
PB-278 554/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Upper and Lower Twin Lake*, Kootenal County,
Idaho. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Jul 77,49p WORKING PAPER-787
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Idaho State Dept. of Health and
Welfare, Boise, and Idaho National Guard, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Upper Twin Lake,
'Lower Twin Lake, Water quality, Inorganic phos-
phates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutri-
ents, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water quality manage-
ment, Idaho, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Koo-
tenal County(ldaho).
PB-278 555/8 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Microwave Radiation Absorbed
by Biological Systems, 2, Analysis by Dewar-Flaek
Calorlmetry. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Dlv.
Carl F. Blackman, and John A. Black. 1977,8p EPA/
600/J-77/088b
Pub. In Radio Science, v12 n6S p9-14 1977.
Free-field power density has long been used as an
Index o1 energy dosing In studies of biological effects
of microwave radiation. However, this method of quan-
tifying dose can lead to considerable error if It is used
as an index of the rate of energy actually being ab-
sorbed by a specimen, because the relative absorption
cross sections of different specimens may vary great-
ly. The Integral of absorbed energy is a more meaning-
ful measure of exposure; it can be accomplished by
using such sophisticated equipment as twin-well calor-
imeters, or by using the cruder system of saline-filled
phantoms. This paper describes a calorimetric system
for the measurement of absorbed energy in laboratory
animals and in in vitro samples that can be assembled
from such common laboratory equipment as Dewar
flasks, magnetic stirrers, foamed polystyrene, and an
accurate temperature measuring device. Measure-
ment of absorbed energy by this system for a standard
tissue-culture flask are compared to values obtained
by electrical measurements, by direct temperature
measurements, and by heating and cooling curves.
Also, application of the system to measurements of
dose In experimental animals is demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, "Dosimetry, Radiation
dosage, Absorptlon(Biology), In vivo analysis, In vitro
analysis, Heat measurement, Radiation effects, Labo-
ratory animals, Electromagnetic radiation, Reprints.
PB-278 667/3 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Trace-Element Interaction* Using
Cultured Alveolar Macrophages. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Dlv.
Joellen L. Hulslngh, James A. Campbell, and Michael
D. Waters. 1977, Up EPA/600/J-77/097
Prepared In cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C. Pub. In Pulmonary Ma-
crophage and Epithelial Cells, ERDA Symposium
Serles-43 p348-357 1977.
It Is Important to consider the Interactions of toxic trace
elements In an evaluation of the toxlclty of environ-
mental pollutants. The In vitro toxlclty screening
system, using the rabbit alveolar macrophaga, pro-
vides a particularly useful system for evaluating trace-
element Interactions since crude partlculates contain-
ing multiple trace elements can be Introduced Into the
system. Mercury, cadmium, and vanadium are the
three most toxic metals that have been tested In the
macrophage system. When cells were exposed simul-
taneously to toxic concentrations of cadmium or mer-
cury and nontoxic concentrations of sodium selenite,
the macrophages had significantly higher viability, cell
number, and adenosine triphosphate concentration
than when they were exposed to the cadmium or mer-
cury salts alone. In analogous experiments, zinc was
found to protect against cadmium toxicity, and copper
protected the macrophage against the lytic effects of
vanadium.
Keywords: 'Phagocytes, 'Trace elements, 'Mercury,
'Cadmium, 'Vanadium, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Metals,
In vitro analysis, Cells(Biology), Alveoli pulmonis, Rab-
bits, Laboratory animals, Lung, Reprints, 'Macro-
phages, Cytotoxicity, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-278 569/9 PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Metal* on Pulmonary Defense Mecha-
nisms Again*! Infectious Disease. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
J. A. Graham, and D. E. Gardner. Apr 77,20p EPA/
600/J-77/096
Pub. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on En-
vironmental Toxicology (7th), Aerospace Medical Re-
search Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 13-15 Oct
76 (Paper n8, rept. no. AMRL-TR-76-125) p171-187
Apr 77.
The respiratory system under normal conditions has
the ability to maintain sterility of the deep lung even
when large numbers of microbes are deposited under
laboratory conditions. A number of mechanisms have
been shown to be responsible for this defense of the
lung, namely, mechanical clearance via the mucoci-
liary escalator, biological clearance mediated through
the alveolar macrophage (AM), and associated cellular
and humoral immunological events. The adverse ef-
fects of numerous gaseous pollutants on these pulmo-
nary defense mechanisms against infectious disease
have long been recognized. Recently, researchers
have begun to Investigate the propensity of trace
metals for causing similar effects.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicity, 'Metals, 'Immunity,
'Lung, Respiratory diseases, Infectious diseases, Im-
munology, Toxicology, Alveolar pulmonis, Phagocytes,
Bacteria, Air pollution, Macrophages, Immunosuppres-
sion, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
December 1983 363
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-278 S73/1 PC A16/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Iron.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Feb 78,366p* EPA/600/1-78/017
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
The document surveys the effects of organic and inor-
ganic iron that are relevant to humans and their envi-
ronment. The biology and chemistry of iron are com-
plex and only partially understood. Iron participates in
oxidation reduction processes that not only affect its
geochemical mobility, but also its entrance into bio-
logic systems. Hydrated ferric oxide surfaces have ad-
sorbent properties and may act as reaction sites and
catalysts. In biologic systems, the iron atom is incorpo-
rated into several protein enzymes that participate in
many oxygen and electron transport reactions. The
report addresses the quantity and form of iron in the
environment, its movement and the interaction be-
tween inorganic and organic forms of the metal. Some
plants have capabilities of retrieving iron from the soil;
vertebrates in general appear to be able to achieve
satisfactory iron balance. Humans are the outstanding
exception - hundreds of millions of the world's peo-
ples are iron-deficient because of inadequate amounts
of available iron in the diet; deficiency may thus be the
major iron-related environmental health problem faced
by humans. Acute iron toxicity has been reported, but
only with the ingestion of large amounts of iron salts.
Keywords: 'Iron, 'Ecology, Toxicity, Diet, Vertebrates,
Microorganisms, Metals, Physiological effects,
Plants(Botany), Toxicology, Respiration, Recommen-
dations, Iron deficiency anemia, Metabolism, Environ-
ments, Exposure, Tables(Data), Atmospheres, Sur-
veys, Humans, Environmental health, Biological ef-
fects, Air pollution effects(Human), 'Toxic substances,
Acid mine drainage.
PB-278 574/9 PC A13/MF A01
Annual Catalyst Research Program Report (3rd).
Report for Jan-Dec 76.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Jan 78, 279p EPA/600/3-78/012
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-262 696.
This report constitutes the Third Annual Report of the
ORD Catalyst Research Program required by the Ad-
ministrator as noted in his testimony before the Senate
Public Works Committee on November 6, 1973. It in-
cludes all research aspects of this broad multi-disci-
plinary program including: emissions characterization,
measurement method development, monitoring, fuels
analysis, toxicology, biology, epidemiology, human
studies, and unregulated emissions control options.
Principal focus is upon catalyst-generated sulfuric acid
and noble metal participate emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Suffates, Sulfuric acid, Gas analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Monitoring, Public health, Toxicology, Hydrogen
cyanide, Manganese oxides, Aromatic polynuclear
compounds, Ammonia, Platinum, Ruthenium, Diesel
fuels, Concentration(Composition), Precious metals,
Fuel additives, Laboratory animals, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhau8t systems), Air pollution detection, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-278 576/4 PC A13/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Hydrogen Surf Id*.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Feb 78,281p* EPA/600/1-78/018
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
This document is a review of the scientific knowledge
of hydrogen sulfide in the environment. Chapter 2 con-
tains a review of the occurrences, properties, and uses
of hydrogen sulfide. In Chapter 3, the biogeochemical
aspects of the sulfur cycle are discussed. Chapter 4
describes the absorption, distribution, metabolisni, and
excretion of sulfide in animals and humans. Chapter 5
is a summary of the experimentation that has been
done on the effects of hydrogen sulfide in animals. In
Chapter 6 the effects on humans are examined. A dis-
cussion of effects on vegetation and aquatic animals is
in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 discusses the establishment of
air quality standards or criteria for hydrogen sulfide.
The odor of hydrogen sulfide is one of the most well-
recognized characteristics of hydrogen sulfide; the
psychological and aesthetic aspects of its odor are ex-
pounded in Chapter 9. Chapters 10 and 11 contain the
summary and conclusions, and the subcommittee's
recommendations. (Portions of -this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Air pollution, Ecology,
Odors, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Standards, Metabolism, Absorption, Pharmacology,
Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Laboratory animals,
Public health, Animals, Plants(Botany), Microorgan-
isms, Sulfur, Oxidation reduction reactions, Bacteria,
Dosage, Air quality, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air
pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-278 581/4 Not available NTIS
Malathlon Exposure Studies. Determination of
Mono- and Dlcarboxyllc Acids and Alkyl Phos-
phates In Urine. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Diane E. Bradway, and Talaat M. Shafik. 1977,4p
EPA/600/J-77/085
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v25 n6
p1342-1344, Nov/Dec 77.
A method for the analysis of the dialkyl phosphate me-
tabolites of qrganophosphorus pesticides was modi-
fied to permit analysis of the monocarboxylic acid
(MCA) and dicarboxylic acid (DCA) metabolites of mal-
athion. Recoveries of MCA and DCA from spiked urine
are presented, as well as the results of analyses of
urine from rats exposed to malathion at five levels.
Data from both exposed and unexposed humans are
presented. (Copyright (c) by the American Chemical
Society, 1977.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Malathion, 'Insecticides,
'Carboxylic acids, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Chemical analysis, Body fluids, Urine, Animals,
Humans, Monitors, Exposure, Reprints, Metabolites,
'Urinalysis.
PB-278 582/2 Not available NTIS
Developing Regulatory Programs for the Control
of Acid Precipitation,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Michael A. Berry, and John D. Bachmann. 1977,10p
EPA/600/J-77/108
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 8, p95-103 1977.
The U.S. Clean Air Act provides mechanisms by which
the public welfare may be protected from 'any known
or anticipated adverse effects associated with the
presence of (an) air pollutant in the ambient air'. The
history of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) efforts to establish and defend a secondary am-
bient air quality standard for S oxides is reviewed. The
role of acid rain in producing 'welfare effects' is de-
scribed. Emphasis is given to the fact that a wide range
of effects not simply limited to forest vegetation must
be considered when designing pollution control pro-
grams. The possible effects of ignoring acid rain in de-
veloping control strategies to meet health related
standards for S oxides, N oxides and particulates are
mentioned. Accurate dose-response information and
cumulative damage estimates are needed to quantify
the effects of acid rain.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), Standards, Sulfur oxides,
Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Public health, Regulations,
Repnnts, 'Acid rain, 'Air quality.
PB-278 583/0 Not available NTIS
A Study of the Binding of Sulfur to Rat Liver Ml-
crosomes which Occurs Concurrently with the
Metabolism of O.O-Dlethyl O-p-Nltrophenyl Phos-
phorothtoate (Parsthlon) to O,O-Dlethyl O-p-Nltro-
phenyl Phosphate (Paraoxon). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
James E. Davis, and Thomas J. Mende. 21 Dec 76,9p
EPA/600/J-77/084
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Fla. Dept. of
Biochemistry.
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v201 n2 p490-497 1977.
In order to investigate the nature of the sulfur that is
bound to liver microsomes concurrently with the me-
tabolism of parathion to paraoxon, an isolated rat liver
microsomal preparation was labeled with (35S) parath-
ion and the purified product was examined by chemical
degradation. Characterization of the degradation prod-
ucts by thin-layer chromatography indicated that the
sulfur is bound as a polysulfide or hydrodisulfide
formed by the combination of a reactive form of sulfur,
released from parathion, with cysteine residues of the
microsomal protein. Preliminary investigations re-
vealed similar binding occurs when the microsomal
preparation is replaced with purified rabbit cytochrome
P-450 plus NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and
NADPH. (Copyright (c) 1977 by The Williams & Wilkins
Co.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Sulfur, 'Ribosomes, Liver,
Metabolism, Chemical bonds, Chemical reactions,
Cysteine, Reprints, 'Parathion, 'Paraxon, Metabolites,
Sulfides.
PB-278 584/8 Not available NTIS
Servo Controlled Optimization of Nltrlflcatlon-
Denltrlflcatlon of Wastewater In Soil. Journal arti-
cle,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Carl G. Enfield. 1977,5p EPA/600/J-77/115
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v6 n4 p456-458,
Oct-Dec 77.
Based on potentials of Platinum electrodes in conjunc-
tion with a Calomel reference electrode, a servo con-
troller was used to meter trickling filter secondary
wastewater application to soil columns. The controller
'optimized' denitrificatipn by adjusting the frequency of
application as a function of the potential voltage ob-
served 6 cm below the soil surface and duration of
each application as a function of the potential 30 cm
below the surface of four Chigley gravelly loam soil col-
umns. Digested municipal wastewater sludge was
added to 3 of the 4 columns at a rate of 7.5 metric tons
(carbon)/hectare in an upper 30 cm layer of the profile.
The servo controller applying wastewater to the
column with no sludge requested wastewater continu-
ously. This column converted essentially all TKN-N to
N03-N. The conversion of TKN to NO3 took place in
the upper 3 cm of the profile. Under the experimental
conditions, the disappearance of solution N in the
column without sludge was about 45%. Addition of
sludge to the profile increased the apparent denitrifica-
tion such that the total N removal was greater than
90%.
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Electrochemistry, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Waste water, Samples, Performance eval-
uation, Trickling filtration, Nitrogen, Soils, Laboratory
equipment, Design criteria, Reprints, 'Land disposal,
Denitrification.
PB-278 585/5 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Augmentation of Sulfate Ion Absorption from the
Rate Lung by Heavy Metals. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
Jeffrey M. Charles, Donald E. Gardner, David L. Coffin,
and Daniel B. Menzel. 16 Jul 77,9p EPA/600/J-77/
086
Contract EPA-68-02-2436
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 42,
p531-438 1977.
The effect of heavy metal cations in enhancing the ab-
sorption of sulfate ions from the airways of the rat lung
was studied. The cations Investigated included
Cd(2+), Co(2+), Hg(2 + ), Ni(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2 + ),
and Zn(2 + ). The cations exhibited differing efficacies.
Co 2 + ), Hg(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2 + ) produced maxi-
mal effect at 0.1 nmol/lung, while Fe(3+) and Zn(2+)
were the least effective, reaching maximal effect at
10.0 nmol/lung. An exception was Mn(2+), which did
not alter absorption. Hydrogen Ion concentrations de-
parting from physiological pH values (4.4-9.4) en-
hanced sulfate ion absorption. Exposure of rats to a
NICI2 aerosol of 480 micrograms of Ni/cu m for 2 hr
prior to the determination of sulfate ion absorption led
to a 12.0 plus or minus 2.7% enhancement 01 absorp-
tion. These results suggest a possible correlation be-
364 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tween the irritant potential associated with inhalation
of a specific sulfate salt and the rate at which sulfate
tons are absorbed from the lung. (Copyright (c) 1977
by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: *Absorption(Biology), "Sulfates, *Lung,
'Metals, Air pollution, Contaminants, Interactions,
Respiration, pH, Ions, Absorption(Biology), Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Reprints, 'Heavy metals, Participates.
PB-278 586/3 PC A02/MF A01
Increased Pulmonary Disease Mediated through
Altered Bacterial Defense*. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Donald E. Gardner, and Judith A. Graham. 1 977, 25p
EPA/600/J-77/094
Pub. In Pulmonary Macrophage and Epithelial Cells,
ERDA Symposium Ser-43, pl-20. Proceedings of the
Annual Hanford Biology Symposium (16th), Richland,
Wash. 27-29 Sep 76, 1977.
The process of Infection has been defined as an inter-
action of a host, a microbe, and the environment. In
the natural environment, healthy Individuals exist In
equilibrium with potentially pathogenic microorgan-
isms. Using this concept, an animal-model system was
developed to study the effects of pollutants that can
affect this equilibrium and result in acute pulmonary
disease. Increase of mortality from exposure to several
Pathogenic organisms has been reported for a variety
of animal species after exposure to ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, and a variety of trace metals. There are a
number of possible mechanisms by which the lung can
become more vulnerable to microorganisms. These in-
clude (1) reduction in deposition or retention of bacte-
ria, (2) slowing of physical removal of bacterial cells by
the mucociliary mechanisms, (3) dysfunction of the al-
veolar macrophages, (4) alteration of the acellular
lining material (surfactant) of the deep lung, (5) the
Presence of edema fluid or inflammatory exudate in
the airway, and (6) pulmonary immunosuppression.
The influence of environmental pollutants on each of
these factors is discussed.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Immunology, Lung,
immunity, Phagocytes, Bacteria, Air pollution, Ozone,
Nitrogen, Trace elements, Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
fflals, Experimental data, Reprints, Immunosuppres-
ston, Muramldase, Macrophages, Pulmonary surfac-
tants, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
fB-278 587/1 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Microwave Radiation Absorbed
by Biological Systems. 1. Analysis of Heating and
Cooling Data. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Div.
•John W. Allis. Carl F. Blackman, Madeline L. Fromme,
and Shawnee G. Benane. 1977, 8p EPA/600/ J-77/
088a
pub. in Radio Science, v12(6S) pl-8 1977.
In order for meaningful comparisons to be made be-
tween experiments from different laboratories, reliable
dosimetry Is needed for biological systems exposed to
microwave radiation. An improved analytical method Is
Presented for determining energy absorption which
uses heating and cooling curves. The method is dem-
onstrated for in vitro samples that were exposed to mi-
crowave radiation in two different exposure systems.
Advantages and disadvantages of the method, as well
as practical considerations, are discussed.
keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Doslmetry,
AbsorptlonfBiology). Energy, Electromagnetic radi-
ation, Cooling, Heating, Data analysis, In vitro analysis,
[{Bat measurement, Reprints, Analytical methods,
"unionizing radiation.
5JB-278 588/9 PC A02/MF A01
2*yMn Requirement* of Embryos and Larva* of
JJ» Laroemouth Baas, 'Mlcropterus •almoldes'
(j-acpede). Journal article.
environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
W. A. Spoor. 20 Apr 76, 1 1 p EPA/600/ J-77/ 1 1 4
Pub. In Jnl. of Fish Biology, v1 1 p77-86 1977.
with the second day after fertilization, large-
"•outh bass embryos and larvae became Increasingly
sensitive to oxygen deficiency until the sixth day of life.
*•$$? day lew survived exposure to 1 mg O2/1 lor 3 h
«i 20C; many were damaged at 2 mg/l, but not at 2.5.
Death was by asphyxiation or by starvation resulting
from an apparent inability to close the lower jaw. On
the seventh day the larvae became more resistant
again, possibly because opercular movement began
on that day. At 25C the effects of reduced oxygen con-
centration were intensified, and even a concentration
of 2.5 mg/l became lethal in 3 h. At 3 mg O2/I and 20C
the normally quiescent yolk-sac larvae became very
active and swam vertically to at least 5 or 6 cm above
the substrate; 4 and 5 mg/l had this effect at 23-24C.
This behavior could result in losses by predation and
displacement from the nest.
Keywords: 'Bass, 'Fishes, 'Oxygen, "Hypoxia, Em-
bryos, Larvae, Concentratlqn(Compositlon), Tempera-
ture, Effectiveness, Animal behavior, Growth,
Stress(Physiology), Respiration, Reprints, Mlcropterus
salmoides.
PB-278 589/7 PC A02/MF A01
The Ultrasonic Dispersion, Source Identification,
and Quantitative Analysis of Petroleum Oils In
Water. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
Michael Gruenfeld, and Ray Frederick. 1977,8p EPA/
600/J-77/113
Pub. in Jnl. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer.
171,p33-381977.
Three current projects are described involving the de-
velopment of methods for the quantification and
source identification of water dispersed oils, and for
the preparation of stable oil-in-water dispersions. Ad-
aptations of existing solvent extraction IR quantifica-
tion, and GC Identification methods are discussed, and
some newly developed techniques are presented. The
techniques include: (1) a method for Inducing compa-
rable volatility losses in milligram and sub-milligram
amounts of oils, and thereby enhancing their source
identification; (2) a rapid adsorption method for sepa-
rating hydrocarbons from other organics, and thereby
achieving more selective petroleum oil quantification;
(3) a method for using an ultrasonic device to prepare
stable oil-in-water dispersions, having a known oil con-
tent.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Chemical analysis, 'Petroleum
products, Dispersion, Water, Gas chromatography, In-
frared analysis, Adsorption, Hydrocarbons, Organic
compounds, Reprints.
PB-278 590/S PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Arsenic and Arsenlcals In Foods
and Other Biological Materials. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert G. Lewis. 7 Jan 77,29p EPA/600/J-77/110
Pub. in Residue Reviews, v68 p123-1491977.
An extensive review is presented on methodology for
the determination of arsenic and its compounds. The
review Includes collection and storage of samples and
sample preparation for (a) determination of total ar-
senic content and (b) of specific arsenic compounds. A
section covers standards for the accuracy of analysis.
Methods of measurement described are colorimetry,
atomic absorption spectrometry, radloactivatlon analy-
sis, other spectroscopic methods, chromatography,
and electromechanical methods.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Chemical analysis, 'Foods,
Samples, Standards, Colorlmetric analysis, Atomic
spectroscopy, Radioactive analysis, Chromatography,
Electromechanics, Reprints.
PB-278 591/3 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Cytotoxlty to Alveolar Macrophage* of M«t*l
Oxides Adsorbed on Fly Aah,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Catherine Aranyl, Sandra Andres, Richard Ehrllch,
James D. Renters, and Donald E. Gardner. 1977,10p
EPA/600/J-77/112
Contract EPA-68-02-0761
Pub. in Pulmonary Macrophage and Epithelial Cells,
ERDA Symposium Series 43, p58-65 1977.
Fly-ash particles fractionated into three size ranges
(<2, 2 to 5, and 5 to 8 micrometers) and coated with
various metal oxides were used to determine whether
particle size and surface area are contributing factors
to the in vitro toxicity of trace metals for alveolar ma-
crophages (AM). Within a given particle type and expo-
sure concentration, decrease in particle size resulted
in decreased viability and increased phagocytosis. The
toxic effect was not due to the solubilization of the test
elements into the incubating medium. The percentage
of lead, nickel, or manganese adsorbed on the fly-ash
particles varied within a relatively narrow range and
was not affected by the particle size. Since the AM
were exposed to the particles on a weight-dose per
cell basis, their effective exposure load to the test ele-
ments was constant irrespective of the particle size.
Thus the greater toxicity of the small particles appears
to be due to surface interaction between particles and
AM, and toxic effect is surface-area as well as dose re-
lated.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Phagocytes, 'Lung, 'Toxicity,
'Metals, 'Immunity, Oxides, Immunology, Toxicology,
Air pollution, Particle size,
Concentration(Composition), In vitro analysis,
Cells(Biology), Reprints, "Macrophages, *Air pollution
effects(Animals), Cytotoxicity.
PB-278 592/1 PC A02/MF A01
Alteration* In Bacterial Defense Mechanisms of
the Lung Induced by Inhalation of Cadmium. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
D. E. Gardner, F. J. Miller, J. W. Illing, and J. M. Kirtz.
1977,20p EPA/600/J-77/089
Pub. In Bulletin Europeen de Physiopathologie Respir-
atolre,v13p157-1741977.
Exposure to an aerosol of CdC12 has a marked pro-
clivity to reduce the ability of the lung to defend Itself
against mlcrobial Insults. A significant enhancement of
mortality was observed in mice exposed to CdC12
concentrations ranging from 80 to 1600 micrograms/
cu m prior to being challenged with viable streptococci.
The increase in percent mortality above control varied
from 15% at the lowest CdCl2 concentration to ap-
proximately 70% at the highest concentration. In order
to determine the various mechanistic factors which
may explain the observed effect of reduced host
resistance to infection, a variety of pulmonary defense
systems was studied. There was a significant de-
crease in the total number of alveolar macrophages re-
coverable from rat lungs immediately after completion
of the exposure regimen. The number of macrophages
returned to normal (about 5.5 million) within 24 hours
after cessation of the exposure. However, total poly-
morphonuclear leucocytes increased 1.5 million imme-
diately after completion of the exposure, and 13 million
within 24 hours after cessation of the exposure. Lym-
phocyte numbers were not affected by these exposure
levels. Data concerning clearance of streptococci from
the lung following CdCI2 exposure closely correlated
with the observed mortality pattern.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Immunity, "Lung, "Respiratory
diseases, 'Infectious diseases, *Toxicity, Phagocytes,
Leukocytes, Bacteria, Streptococcus, Metals, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Immunology, Toxicology,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Air pollution, Reprints,
Macrophages, "Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-278 593/9 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Technical Chlordane by Gas Chroma-
tography Mass Spectrometry. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
G. Wayne Sovocool, Robert G. Lewis, Robert L.
Harless, Nancy K. Wilson, and Robert D. Zehr. 31 Jan
77,9p EPA/600/J-77/087
Pub. In. Analytical Chemistry, v49 p734-740 1977.
The composition of technical chlordane has been in-
vestigated by combined gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry, employing a column commonly used for
pesticide residue analysis. Partial or complete struc-
ture Identification have been assigned to some 45 indi-
vidual constituents. Many of these compounds are
simple Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene and
hexachlorocyclopentadiene, with further chlorine addi-
tion or substitution. Additionally, a series of adducts
derived from tetra- and pentachlorocyclopentadiene,
followed by further chlorlnation, has been identified.
Several components appear to have incorporated
trichloromethyl moieties from the solvent during manu-
facture. Other compounds with abnormal or rear-
December 1983 365
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ranged ring fusions have also been recognized and
their unusual mass spectra have been studied.
Keywords: "Chlordan, "Pesticides, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Molec-
ular structure, Chlorine organic compounds, Cyclopen-
tadiene compounds, Reprints, Cyclopentadiene/hex-
achloro, Cyclopentadiene/tetrachloro, Cyclopenta-
diene/pentachloro.
PB-278 594/7
PC A02/MF A01
Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Determi-
nation of Kepone Residues In Environmental
Samples. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert F. Moseman, Howard L. Crist, Thomas R.
Edgerton, and M. Keith Ward. 11 Nov 76,13p EPA/
600/J-77/091
Pub. in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
6, p221-231 1977.
The pollution of the environment with Kepone(R) (de-
cachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-
cyclobutal(cd)pentalen-2-one) by an industrial manu-
facturer of the pesticide resulted in the contamination
of several terrestrial media, including biological life,
near the entry of the insecticide into the ecosystem.
The substrate investigated and for which residue
methodology was developed included river sediment,
soil, water, shellfish, and finfish. Rigorous extraction
techniques using the Soxhlet apparatus and the
Polytron(R) tissue homogenizer were required for
complete removal of Kepone from the samples. Finfish
tissue was the most difficult to analyze. For this type of
substratum, a preliminary cleanup by gel permeation
chromatography was required to remove most of the
lipid material followed by a micro Florisil(R) column
elution to eliminate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Cleanup of shellfish and other environmental samples
was accomplished with a micro Florisil column only.
Electron capture gas chromatography was used to
analyze the sample extracts. Recoveries of Kepone
from fortified samples averaged 84% or greater.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Chemical analysis, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Insecticides, Gas chromatography,
Electron capture, Sediments, Soil analysis, Water
analysis, Shellfish, Fishes, Extraction, Sampling,
Tissue(Biology), Residues, Water pollution, Chlorine
organic compounds, Reprints, * Kepone, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Cyclobutalpentalenone/dechloroocta-
hydro-metheno, Electron capture gas chromatogra-
phy.
PB-278 595/4 PC A02/MF A01
Enhanced Binding of Autologous Red Cells to the
Macrophage Plasma Membrane as a Sensitive In-
dicator of Pollutant Damage. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
J. G. Hadley, D. E. Gardner, D. L. Coffin, and D. B.
Menzel. 1977,14p EPA/600/J-77/095
Pub. in Pulmonary Macrophage and Epithelial Cells,
ERDA Symposium Series No. 43, D66-77 1977. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Medical Center,
Durham, N.C.
The ah/eolar macrophage (AM) represents the primary
line of defense In host protection against inhaled infec-
tious organisms. Following exposure to oxidant gases,
the ability of the host to resist airborne bacterial infec-
tion is severely impaired, and damage to the AM de-
fense system may be an important factor in increased
susceptibility. Oxidant exposure could diminish the
phagocytic capability of the macrophage system by
either altering the phagocytic process per se (i.e., en-
gulfment ancfdigestion) or acting on cell surface struc-
tures responsible for the recognition and binding of
material to the phagocyte. So that possible damage by
oxidant exposure on the AM recognition mechanisms
could be investigated, macrophages were isolated
from rabbits and treated with a commercial preparation
of wheat germ lipase. Preliminary evidence suggests
that the oxidants Increase the binding of wheat germ
agglutinin (WGA) to the macrophage surface.
Keywords: 'Erythrocytes, 'Phagocytes, 'Toxicity, 'Im-
munity, 'Lung, Air pollution, Immunology, Toxicology,
Blood cells, In vitro analysis, Air pollution
effects(Animals), Macrophages.
PB-278 596/2 PC A02/MF A01
Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Analysis
of the Amlne Metabolites of Pesticides: Derlvatl-
zatlon of Anilines. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Lab.
Diane E. Bradway, and Talatt Shafik. 22 Jul 76,9p
EPA/600/J-77/111
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v15 p322-
328, Aug 77.
A number of amines have been shown to result from
metabolism of various pesticides. From an epidemi-
ological standpoint, it may be possible to monitor
human exposure to these pesticides through the ex-
cretion of their corresponding amines in urine. An in-
vestigation has been initiated to develop and apply
methods of analysis of amines' in human urine. The re-
sults of a survey of derivatization techniques involving
several substituted amines are presented. These in-
clude conditions for derivatization, utilizing a number of
halo- and nitro-substituted reagents; electron capture
and gas Chromatographic properties of the derivatives;
and stability of the derivatives to extraction and
column chromatography for purposes of separation
and cleanup. The recoveries of anilines from spiked
water and urine samples at the 1.0 ppm and 0.1 ppm
levels were between 85 and 90%. The advantages
and disadvantages of the various derivatives and tech-
niques are discussed and a rationale is presented for
the preliminary selection of a particular derivative for
application of the analysis of aniline metabolites in
urine.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Amines,
Electron capture, Gas chromatography, Metabolism,
Urine, Public health, Extraction, Anilines, Reprints,
'Electron capture gas chromatography.
PB-278 597/0
Not available NTIS
Effect of Dietary LlpId and Dimethyl Sulfoxlde on
LJndane Metabolism. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. W. Chadwick, W. S. Simmons, C. C. Bryden, L. T.
Chung, and L. M. Key. 19 Oct 76,21 p EPA/600/J-77/
092
Also pub. as ISSN-0041-008X.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 39,
P391-4101977.
Previous investigations have suggested that there is a
requirement of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids for
full expression of microsomal enzyme induction. The
conclusions in these studies were primarily based on In
vitro enzyme activity, sleeping time recovery, or hepat-
ic cytochrome P-450 content, measured 24 hr after
treatment with an inducing agent. This study examines
the influence of dietary lipids, containing different fatty
acid compositions, on the storage and self-induction of
lindane metabolism. Depressedfood consumption and
growth rate, an impaired metabolite excretion pattern,
low specific microsomal phospholipid content and a
decreased microsomal PC/PE ratio containing a re-
duced proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids sug-
gested that a toxic Lindane-DMSO-Dietary lipid Intera-
tion had occurred.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Lipids,
•Methyl sulfoxide, 'Metabolism, Dosage, Diet, Fatty
acids, Rats, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Food con-
sumption, Growth, Excretion, Ribosomes, Toxicity, In-
secticides, 'LJndane, Bioaccumulation.
PB-278 598/8 Not available NTIS
Effects of Dlphenylhydatoln and Chloroqulne on
Monkey Uver Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxl-
daae*. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
J. E. Davis, M. F. Cramer, and A. J. Peoples. 16 Feb
77,8pEPA/600/J-77/093
Prepared in cooperation with National Center for Toxi-
cology Research, Jefferson, Ark., and Miami Univ., Fla.
School of Medicine.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 2,
p1193-1199 1977.
Sixteen adult male squirrel monkeys (Salmiri sclureus)
were randomly divided Into three treatment groups and
one control group. Each treatment group received 10
mg/kg oral doses of diphenylhydantoin and/or chloro-
qutne. Following sacrifice, in vitro assays for activity of
liver microsomal mixed-function oxldases were run.
The assays confirmed diphenylhydantoin 88 a potent
inducer of mixed-function oxidases. Chloroquine ad-
ministration had little affect on the enzymes assayed
and did not inhibit the diphenylhydantoin induction.
(Copyright (c) 1977 by Hemisphere Publishing Corpo-
ration.)
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Oxidoreductases, 'Enzymes, Hy-
dantoins, Monkeys, Bioassay, Laboratory animals. Ri-
bosomes, Liver, In vitro analysis, Reprints, 'Hydan-
toin/diphenyl, 'Chloroquine.
PB-278 599/6 Not available NTIS
Persistence of Methyl and Ethyl Parathlon Follow-
ing Spillage on Concrete Surfaces. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
J. E. Davis, D. C. Staiff, L. C. Butler, and J. F.
Armstrong. 1977,9p EPA/600/J-77/090
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v18n1 p18-251977.
Tests were carried out to determine the potential
hazard of spillage of the pesticides, methyl parathion
and ethyl parathion, on concrete surfaces. Results in-
dicated that although a toxic hazard exists, especially
for potential contamination of foodstuff, when liquid
concentrates of the pesticides are spilled outdoors on
concrete surfaces, this hazard can be considered to
have disappeared within 3 months for methyl parath-
ion, but may persist for over 15 months for ethyl par-
athion. The hazard with more persistent organophos-
phorus pesticides, such as ethyl parathion, may be in-
creased after outdoor exposure of concrete surfaces
to cold damp weather. If the spill occurs inside, the
toxic hazard for methyl parathion persists approxi-
mately twice as long as for an outside spill. It is as-
sumed that the inside hazard for ethyl parathion would
also be extended for a considerable time compared to
the outside hazard. For more persistent pesticides, in
lieu of the almost impossible task of removing the con-
crete surface to a considerable depth, a physical seal-
ing of the surface may prove effective if suitable
chemical decontamination cannot be accomplished.
Additional research is being carried out to explore this
possibility.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Concrete pavements, Insecti-
cides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Accidents,
'Chemical spills, 'Methyl parathion, Phosphorothioic
acid/p-O(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitrophenyl-ester), 'Ethyl
parathion, Reprints.
PB-278 600/2 Not available NTIS
Kinetic Model of Fluoride Metabolism In the
Rabbit. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Larry L. Hall, Robert W. Kilpper, Frank A. Smith,
Donald A. Morken, and Harold C. Hodge. 21 Mar 76,
19pEPA/600/J-77/109
Also pub. as ISSN-0013-9351. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Rochester Univ., N.Y. Dept. of Radiation Biol-
ogy and Biophysics, and California Univ., San Francis-
co. Dept. of Pharmacology.
Pub. in Environmental Research 13 Source tape Is in ,
P285-3021977.
Sodium fluoride, in small doses, was given to rabbits
intravenously or by stomach tube, and the appearance
of fluoride in the blood and urine was then monitored
frequently over the next 10 hours. Compartmental
analysis of the data yielded a kinetic model of fluoride
metabolism comprising gut, extracellular fluid, urine,
short term nonexchangeable bone, exchangeable
bone, and intracellular fluid. Fractional transfer rates
and the content curve were obtained for each com-
partment. The results Indicated that under steady state
conditions approximately 15% of fluoride ingested in
food and water was absorbed by the rabbit. The ab-
sorbed fluoride entered the extracellular fluid pool,
where portions exchanged with fluoride In the tissue*
and bone. An equivalent amount, I.e. 15% of the
Intake, was then excreted In the urine. It Is interesting
to note that in this species a store of fluoride was re-
quired In the gut to sustain the steady state. Fecal ex-
cretion of fluoride was equivalent to 85% of that in-
gested. Rate constants Indicated that removal of flu-
oride from the extracellular pool into the nonexchan-
geable bone compartment was approximately three
times more rapid than was removal by excretion into
urine.
366 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Fluorides, 'Metabolism, Dosage, Labora-
tory animals, Rabbits, Absorption(Biology), Excretion,
Rates(Per time), Bones, Deposition, Parenteral infu-
sions, Ingestion(Biology), Mathematical models, Kinet-
ics, Experimental data, Reprints.
PB-278 608/5
PC A05/MF A01
Radiological Surveys of Idaho Phosphate Ore
Processing - The Thermal Process Plant. Final
technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Gregory G. Eadie, and David E. Bernhardt. Nov 77,
98pORP/LV-77/3
In general, the phosphate industry is neither regulated
nor monitored for the possession, use, or discharge of
radioactive materials associated with phosphate rock
and its products and by-products. Recently, the State
of Idaho (June 1,1977) has prohibited the use of phos-
phate slag material in the construction of habitable
structures, but has permitted the continued use of slag
for road construction, railroad ballast, and other gener-
al purposes. Of immediate concern is the accumula-
tion of a data base which will ultimately lead to an as-
sessment of the impact on public health due to the
phosphate industry's activities. This report discussses
various radiological surveys conducted In the FMC
Corporation's Thermal Process Plant In Pocatello,
Idaho. Radiological surveys conducted at the FMC
Corporation's Thermal Process Plant in Pocatello,
Idaho indicate slightly elevated ambient levels of natu-
ral radioactivity within the plant. Compared to an esti-
mated natural background annual dose equivalent rate
of about 79 mrem, net gamma exposure rates ranged
from 42 mrem in general plant areas to 182 mrem per
work year on the slag pile. Stack sampling results also
show that appreciable concentrations of the naturally-
occurring radionuclides, particularly polonium-210 and
uranium, are being discharged into the local environs.
A general radioactivity balance indicates that the ore is
the source of essentially all of the inlet radioactivity.
The slag accounts for essentially all of the outgoing
uranium and radium-226 and up to about 50 percent of
the lead-210 and polonium-210.
Keywords: 'Phosphate deposits, 'Mining, 'Process-
ing, 'Natural radioactivity, Environmental Impacts,
Monitoring, Site surveys, Radioactive wastes, Industri-
al wastes, Crushed stone, Slags, Aggregates, Ferroal-
loys, Gamma rays, Radon, Sampling, Dust, Carbon
monoxide, Process charting, Industrial plants, Con-
crete pavements, Reclamation, Recycling, Radiation
measurement, Roasting, Radium, Polonium, Uranium,
Phosphate Industry, Pocatello(ldaho), Road materials,
'Baseline measurements, Air pollution sampling,
Water pollution sampling, Indoor air pollution.
PB-278 614/3 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Health Effects of Short-Term Inhalation of Nitro-
gen Dioxide and Ozone Mixtures. Journal article,
(IT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Richard Ehrlich, J. C. Flndlay, J. D. Fenters, and D. E.
Gardner. 27 Oct 76,9p EPA/600/J-77/099, EPA/
600/J-77/099
Contracts EPA-68-02-1267, EPA-68-02-2274
Also pub. as ISSN-0013-9351.
Pub. in Environmental Research 14, p223-231 1977.
The effects of single and multiple daily 3-hour expo-
sures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) mix-
tures on the resistance to streptococcal pneumonia
were investigated. The concentrations of NO2 ranged
from 1.5 to 5.0 ppm, and those of O3, from 0.05 to 0.5
Ppm. The effect of a single exposure to the mixture
was additive, whereby the excess mortality rates were
equivalent to those Induced by the Inhalation of each
indMdual pollutant. The ability to clear Inhaled bacteria
from the lung* was diminished In mice exposed to the
NO2-O3 mixtures for 3 hours. This impairment was
manifested by the increased frequency of Isolation of
Streptococcus from the lungs for up to 6 days after the
respiratory challenge. Excess mortalities observed
after 20 daily 3-hour exposures suggested that a syn-
•rgistk: effect might be present upon repeated inhala-
tion of pollutant mixtures, that made them more effec-
t*ve in reducing resistance to respiratory Infection. The
results emphasize the need for the establishment of
primary air quality standards for short-term NO2 expo-
lures. (Copyright (c) 1977 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, "Ozone, "Immunity,
Respiratory diseases, "Bacterial diseases, Bacteria,
Infectious diseases, Streptococcus, Lung, Immunol-
ogy, Mortality, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Re-
prints, Synergistic effects of air pollutants, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Anlmals).
PB-278 615/0 Not available NTIS
Spectroscoplc Characterization of Some Chlorin-
ated Trlcycllc Hydrocarbons of the C10 Series:
Chlordanes, Chlordenes and Nonachlora. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Nancy K. Wilson, and G. Wayne Sovocool. 1977,8p
EPA/600/J-77/098
Pub. in Organic Magnetic Resonance, v9 n9 p536-542
1977.
Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
(n.m.r.) spectra of ten chlorinated hydrocarbons, which
are components of technical chlordane and one chlor-
dane metabolite, were examined. For chlordene, dich-
lorochlordene, cis- and trans-nonachlor, and cis- and
trans-chlordane, whose chemical structures are well-
established, the relationships between the n.m.r. pa-
rameters and these structures were investigated, the
results allow confirmation of proposed structures for
alpha-, beta- and gamma-chlordene. A structure, cor-
responding to 2,4,5,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-
2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1,4-methano-1 -H-indene, is
proposed for another chlordane component, previous-
ly known only as Compound K. (Copyright (c) Heyden
4 Son Ltd., 1977.)
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Chlordan, "Spectrochemical
analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Molecular
structure, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spec-
troscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet spectros-
copy, Reprints, Methanoindene/octachloro-hexahy-
dro, Compound K, Chlordene, Nonachlor, Methanoln-
dan/nonachloro-tetrahydro.
PB-278 616/8 Not available NTIS
North Carolina Central Univ., Durham. Dept. of Biol-
8JU
Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Rat Kidneys.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Leon C. King, Vernon Clark, and Edward J. Faeder.
1976,8p EPA/600/J-76-077
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Central
Univ., Durham. Dept. of Biology.
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v16 n5 p572-577 1976.
The objectives of this Investigation were to study the
effects of cadmium toxicity on the kidney at chronic
and acute dosing and to determine whether there is a
release of the tubular enzyme glutamyl transpeptldase
(GT) Into the urine. The dosing regimen was estab-
lished In such a way that after four weeks, the low
chronic group had received about the same total
amount of cadmium as the low acute group, and the
high chronic group received about the same total
amount of cadmium as the high acute group. Kidney
cadmium concentrations In the acutely dosed animals
reached higher levels than In the corresponding chron-
ically dosed groups. Zinc levels remained essentially
the same for all dosed groups. Cadmium levels in
urine, for all groups, throughout the experiment, were
less than 0.05 mtcrogram/ml. Both acutely dosed
groups gained substantially less weight than the
chronically dosed groups. Acutely exposed animals
showed greatly depressed urinary protein excretion for
all days measured. Chronically exposed animals
showed essentially the same protein excretion as con-
trol animals. Urinary GT levels were significantly de-
creased In acutely dosed animals from day 3 to 21.
Chronically dosed animals also showed diminished GT
levels after day 7.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxtetty, 'Kidney, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Bioassay, Dosage, Kidney functioning
tests, Enzymes, Metals, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Toxicology, Reprints, Transpepttdaaes/glutamyl.
PB-278 631/7 PC A07/MF A01
Bioassay Procedure* for the Ocean Disposal
Permit Program. Final rept.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Mar 78,134p EPA/600/9-78/010
See also report dated May 76. PB-253 209.
The bloassay procedures given in this manual were
developed to provide tests for conducting toxicity eval-
uations of waste materials considered for ocean dis-
posal under EPA's Ocean Disposal Permit Program.
The procedures specify the use of various organisms
representing several trophic levels. Both flow-through
and static tests are Included. Methods given vary in
their utility and complexity of performance. The proce-
dures are not intended to be considered 'standard
methods,' but, depending on the judgment of the EPA
Regional Administrator responsible for the managing
of the permit program, are to be used as reference
methods or ofllaalmethods.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Aquatic animals, "Aquatic
plants, 'Toxicity, Ocean environments, Marine biology,
Water quality, Waste disposal, Evaluation, Phytoplank-
ton, Plankton, Oysters, Shrimps, Fishes, Invertebrates,
'Ocean waste disposal, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Mysl-
dla, Laboratory tests.
PB-278 632/5 Not available NTIS
Lack of Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Human
Vigilance. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Vernon A. Benlgnus, David A. Otto, James D. Prah,
and Gayla Benignus. 2 Aug 77,11 p EPA/600/ J-77/
100
Pub. in Perceptual and Motor Skills, v45 p21007-1014
1977.
Previous publications on the effects of low levels of
carbon monoxide (CO) on human vigilance perform-
ance have found conflicting, results. While several
studies have found statistically reliable effects, none
have gone unchallenged. This article presents a criti-
cal review of the literature and the results of a study
employing 52 human male subjects performing a nu-
meric monitoring task. CO levels were 0,100,200 ppm
which produced mean carboxyhemoglobin levels of
0.01, 4,61 and 12.62 percent respectively. No CO ex-
posure levels produced any effect on vigilance per-
formance. The power of the statistical test for CO ef-
fects was shown to be quite high, even for fairly trivial
possible decrements of performance.
Keywords: "Toxlclty, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Vigilance,
Humans, Reviews, Males, Monitors,
Concentration(Composltlon), Exposure, Respiration,
Behavior, Experimental data, Physiological effects,
Blood chemical analysis, 'Toxic substances, Reprints,
Carbonylhemoglobin, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Behavior toxicology.
PB-278 682/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Environmental Information Resources for State
and Local Elected Officials. General Reference
Guide,
Rlvkin Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C.
G. W. Rlvkin, and S. L. Brecher. Feb 77,141p"
Contract EPA-68-01-4235
Sponsored In part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Rockvllle, Md. Environmental
Science Information Center.
This is one of a series of guidebooks for helping elect-
ed officials at the State and local levels, and staff aides
to find their way through the maze of Information about
environmental matters with which they must deal.
Other guidebook subjects are General Reference
Guide and Solid Waste. Topics covered include: Non-
documentary sources; Secondary literature; Primary
literature; Appendix A - Contents of materials packet;
and Appendix B - Environmental programs for which
state or local governments have Implementation.
Keywords: "Environment management, "Government
policies, "Information systems. "Decision making,
State government, Local government, Legislation, Di-
rectories, Documents, Indexes(DocumentaUon), Orga-
nizations, Libraries, Scientific societies, National gov-
ernment, Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Management planning, Problem
solving, Communities.
PB-278 683/8 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
Library Systems Branch.
December 1983 367
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Information Resources for State
and Local Elected Officials. Solid Waste,
Rivkin Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C.
G. W. Rivkin, and S. L Breeder. Feb 77,183p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4235
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Library Systems Branch,
and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Rockville, Md. Environmental Science Informa-
tion Center.
Contents: Non-documentary sources (Organizations,
Referral services, Reference services); Secondary lit-
erature (Encyclopedias, almanacs and other general
introductory sources, Bibliographies, Bibliographic
search aids and services, Abstracts journals, newslet-
ters); Materials packet. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
'Information systems, 'Decision making, 'Govern-
ment policies, State government, Local government,
Legislation, Directories, Documents,
Inqexes(Docurnentation), Organizations, Libraries,
Scientific societies, National government, Problem
solving, Communities, Management planning, Solid
waste management.
PB-278 684/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Environmental Information Resources for State
and Local Officials. Surface Mining,
Rivkin Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C.
G. W. Rivkin, and S. L. Brecher. Feb 77,103p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4235
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Rockville, Md. Environmental
Science Information Center.
This guide to resources for information on surface
mining is offered by the Environmental Protection
Agency as an aid to state and local legislators who
want to know what information is available on this sub-
ject and how it may be obtained. Aspects of surface
coal mining covered in this guide are: Overview; Orga-
nizations, associations and individuals with special
knowledge of surface mining issues; Surface mining
impacts; Pollution control, reclamation and utilization
of mined-out land; Economic aspects of surface
mining, pollution-mitigation, land reclamation; The sur-
face coal-mining industry; Public policy and ap-
proaches to legislative and regulatory control; Current
developments; Future issues, directions.
Keywords: 'Environment management, 'Surface
mining, 'Government policies, 'Information systems,
'Coal mining, Decision making, State government, Na-
tional government, Local government, Legislation, Di-
rectories, Land reclamation, Directories, Organiza-
tions, Libraries, Scientific societies, Pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Management planning, Cost esti-
mates, Mine wastes, Mine acid drainage.
PB-278 708/3 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Evaluation of Potential Inspection/Maintenance
Benefits on Vehicles Operated at High Altitude,
Dayton Univ., Ohio. Research Inst.
Alan P. Berens, and Michael Hill. Sep 77,214p EPA/
460/3-77/018
Contract EPA-68-03-2384
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) is one of the transpor-
tation control strategies available to state planners. Al-
though I/M is needed in over 25 air quality control re-
gions (AQCRS), it has, to date, been effectively imple-
mented in only a small subset of these regions. At the
present time, an effective I/M program has not been
implemented in a high altitude region. This report pre-
sents a thorough analysis of data collected at high alti-
tude. The data were not collected in a real life I/M pro-
gram; they are laboratory data. As such, they can be
compared with laboratory data taken at low altitude
and, in some subject areas, they can extend the gener-
al understanding of the costs and effectiveness of
maintenance programs at both high and low altitude.
The prime analysis objectives of this study were three-
fold: to estimate the effectiveness of I/M, to evaluate
the correlation between the Federal Test Procedure
(FTP) and various short inspection tests, and to exam-
ine any relationships which exist between emissions,
engine condition, and vehicle usage.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, Manage-
ment planning, Tables(Data), Tests, Air quality, High
altitude.
PB-278 722/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Project Manual for Full-Scale Dual Alkali Demon-
stration at Louisville Gas and Electric Co.-Prellml-
nary Design and Cost Estimate. Report on Phase 1,
Oct 76-Dec 77,
Louisville Gas and Electric Co., Ky.
R. P. VanNess, R. C. Somers, T. Frank, J. M. Lysaght,
and I. L. Jashnani. Jan 78,112p EPA/600/7-78/010
Contract EPA-68-02-2189
Prepared by Arthur D. Little, Cambridge, Mass. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Combustion Equipment As-
sociates, Inc., New York.
The report is the project manual for the dual-alkali
system, designed by Combustion Equipment Asso-
ciates, Inc./Arthur D. Little, Inc. and being installed to
control S02 emissions from Louisville Gas and Electric
Company's Cane Run Unit No. 6 boiler. The project
consists of four phases: l--preliminary design and cost
estimates; ll--engineering design, construction, and
mechanical testing; Ill-startup and performance test-
ing; and IV--1 year operation and testing. Developed
as part of Phase I, the project manual includes a de-
tailed description of the dual-alkali process chemistry,
the design of the demonstration system at LG and E,
material and energy balances for the system, specifi-
cations of major equipment items and offsites, and
capital and operating costs. Costs for this application
have been generalized for new applications on 500
and 1000 MW high-sulfur coal-fired boilers.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Electric power plants, Design
criteria, Cost analysis, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Performance evaluation, Operating costs,
Capitalized costs, Boilers, Energy consumption, 'Dual
alkali scrubbing.
PB-278 747/1 PC A05/MF A01
Characterization of Emissions from Plutonium-
Uranium Oxide Fuel Fabrication,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
E. W. Bretthauer, A. J. Cummings, and S. C. Black. Jul
77. 78p EPA/600/7-77/079
To develop accurate monitoring techniques for the ra-
dioactive emissions from new types of nuclear facili-
ties, it is necessary to characterize those emissions as
completely as possible. The first facility selected was a
mixed-oxide fuel fabrication plant. In-stack, standard
hi-vol, and special ultrahigh volume air samplers were
used to collect paniculate samples at the Babcock and
Wilcox plant in Parks Township, Pennsylvania. The
number of radioactive particles emitted, the particle
sizes, plutonium and uranium isotopic content, and the
concentration of other materials were determined.
These characteristics are used to propose an appro-
priate air-monitoring technique for facilities of this type.
(Color illustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Uranium
oxides, 'Plutonium oxides, Nuclear power plants, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Nuclear fuels, Particle
size, Isotope, Cpncentration(Composition), 'Air pollu-
tion detection, Wilcox plant, Parks
Township(Pennsylvania), Babcock plant.
PB-278 748/9 PC A03/MF A01
Overhead Environmental Monitoring with Light
Utility Aircraft: Demonstration and Evaluation of
the System,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Gordon E. Howard, Jr., and Frank R. Wolle. Jan 78,
29p EPA/600/4-78/008
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
seeking to provide its 10 Regional Offices with a low-
cost remote-sensing capability through development
of a self-contained sensor module called the Enviro-
Pod (Pod). The design, development and manufacture
of the protype was accomplished by the U.S. Air Force
Avionics Laboratory through an mteragency agree-
ment with the EPA. As presently configured, the Pod
module contains two identical KA-85A panoramic
cameras. One is mounted in the conventional vertical
position and the second in an oblique position looking
45 degrees forward of the aircraft. The Pod has been
successfully demonstrated in Washington, D.C.,
Boston, Atlanta, Philadelphia, and New York for EPA
staff officials and personnel from eight other Federal
agencies. Use of the Pod is foreseen in enforcement,
compliance, episodic, and emergency monitoring ac-
tivities. This document summarizes results of feasibility
demonstrations and recommends a program for the
production and suitability testing of the Pod module.
Possible future sensor configurations for the Pod are
also presented. (Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white)
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Remote sensing, 'Aerial pho-
tography, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Lagoons(Ponds), Panoramic cameras, Design, Proto-
types, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB-278 750/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldants, 1976 -
Analysis of Evidence and Viewpoints. Part V. The
Issue of Oxldant Transport. Final rept,
Pack (Donald H.), McLean, Va.
Donald H. Pack, E. Robinson, and F. Vukovich. Nov
77,74p EPA/600/3-77/117
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman, and Research Triangle Inst., Research Trian-
gle Park, N.C. See also PB-277 462.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference in
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a followup review/analysis effort. The fol-
lowup effort was designed to review carefully and im-
partially, to analyze relevant evidence and viewpoints
reported at the International Conference (and else-
where), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxidant-
related scientific issues. The review/analysis was con-
ducted by experts (who did not work for the EPA or for
industry) of widely recognized competence and experi-
ence in the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. Part V includes discussions on the
issue of oxidant transport. The authors deal with the
phenomena of urban plume formation and transport,
measurement and tracking, and oxidants and precur-
sor ranges, and recommend future studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, 'Meetings,
Oxidizers, Transport properties, Atmospheric motion,
Plumes, Forecasting, Sampling.
PB-278 758/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measure of Fly Ash Resistivity Using Simulated
Flue Gas Environments. Final rept. Sep 76-Dec 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
R. E. Bickelhaupt. Mar 78, 29p SORI-EAS-77-38-3540-
4-F, EPA/600/7-78/035
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The report, describing the apparatus and laboratory
procedures used to determine resistivity for a number
of fly ashes under a variety of test conditions, supports
research to develop a technique for predicting fly ash
resistivity from chemical analyses of coal and coal ash.
This effort requires considerable knowledge regarding
the relationship between resistivity and several coal
and ash properties. In particular, the report relates the
experimental problems encountered when attempts
were made to determine the effect of sulfur trioxide on
resistivity. Equipment and procedures were developed
to solve this problem. The report describes the modi-
fied apparatus and technique and illustrates the type of
data acquired.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Electrical resistivity, 'Gas analy-
sis, Sulfur trioxide, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Temperature, Chemical composition. Coal,
Air pollution, Flue gas, 'Air pollution detection.
368 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-278 768/7 PC A23/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Florida, Water Year
1976. Volume 4. Northwest Florida. Annual rept. 1
Oct 75-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Tallahassee, Fla. Water Resources
Div.
Sep 77, 530pUSGS/WRD/HD-77/051,USGS/WDR/
FL-76/4
See also Volume 1, PB-278 767.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year in north-
west Florida consists of discharge records tor 84
streams, elevations for 27 lakes, and daily water level
measurements for 110 wells. Water quality data (or ap-
proximately 220 surface sites and 170 wells are includ-
ed; as are miscellaneous measurement and crest-
stage partial records. These data represent the Na-
tional Water Data System records collected by the
U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state
and federal agencies in Florida.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Florida, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-278 776/0 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of Trenchless Sewer Construction at
South Bethany Beach, Delaware. Final rept.,
Sussex County Council, Georgetown, Del.
Lee J. Beetschen, and William C. Henry. Feb 78,94p
EPA/600/2-78/022
Grant EPA-S-800690
Prepared by Richardson (Edward H.) Associates, Inc.,
Newark, Del.
The purpose of this project was to determine whether
the trenchless method of sewer construction had in-
herent cost, safety and other advantages over conven-
tional methods of sewer construction. Under similar
site conditions, the trenchless method was more cost
effective than conventional means based on the actual
unit bid price (50%), on complete sewer installation in-
cluding manholes, wyes and laterals (16%) and on
labor savings (23%). Eight inch polyvinyl chloride pipe
with rubber gasketed joints was used in the conven-
tional area, whereas eight inch polyvinyl chloride sol-
vent welded pipe was used for the trenchless method.
The trenchless method does not appear to be suited
for urban areas where significant subsurface utilities
exist, nor where rock or boulders exist in high density.
However, the system Is uniquely adapted to nigh water
table areas, and Its flexibility of application under vary-
ing soil conditions is wide ranging. The potential for in-
filtration is significantly less and, with proper field con-
trol, the trenchless method results in less deflection
and horizontal and vertical misalignment. With open
trenching reduced to a minimum, the method la safer
than the conventional technique, particularly where
deeper cuts are required. From an environmental
standpoint, the trenchless method provides less dis-
ruption to traffic, and represents an improvement In
sediment runoff contiol and noise reduction.
Keywords: 'Sewers, Design criteria, Cost analysis,
Construction materials, Labor estimates, Sites, Water
pollution, Ground water, Delaware, 'Trenchless
sewers, Water quality, Bethany Beach(Delaware),
Badger system.
PB-278 777/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Source Assessment: Polychloroprene. State of
the Art. Final task rept. Mar 75-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
D. A. Horn, D. R. Tierney, and T. W. Hughes. Dec 77,
97pMRC-DA-718, EPA/600/2-77/107o
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Dec 77. PB-276 731.
This document reviews the state of the art of air emis-
sions from polychloroprene manufacture. The compo-
sition, quality, and rate of emissions, and their environ-
mental effects are described. Polychloroprene Is pro-
duced by the emulsion polymerization of 2-chloro-1,3-
butsdiene (chloroprene). Emissions Include hydrocar-
bons, paniculate, hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen
oxides. To assess the severity of emissions from this
industry, a representative plant was defined based on
mean values for plant parameters. Source severity
was defined as the ratio of the time-averaged maxi-
mum ground level concentration of an emission to the
primary AAQS for criteria pollutants or to a reduced
TLV for noncriteria pollutants. For a representative
plant, source severities for paniculate, hydrocarbons,
nitrogen oxides, chloroprene, toluene, hydrogen chlo-
ride, and talc are 0.03,23,0.1,4.3,0.4,0.9, and 3.4, re-
spectively. Hydrocarbon emissions are controlled
through a combination of process modifications. Par-
ticulates are controlled by exhaust systems in conjunc-
tion with wet scrubbers or fabric filters. Hydrogen chlo-
ride emissions are reduced by falling film absorbers
and packed scrubbers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chemical industry,
'Polychloroprene, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Assessments, Sources, Hydro-
carbons. Particles, Hydrogen chloride, Nitrogen
oxides, Air filters, Scrubbers, Absorbers(Materials),
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Trends, Talc,
Fabric filters, Wet methods, Emission factors, State of
the art.
PB-278 800/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Alternatives for Hazardous Waate Management In
the Metals Smelting and Refining Industrie*. Final
rept.,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Edward Isenberg, Richard P. Leonard, Andrew T.
McCord, Hans G. Reif, and Robert C. Ziegler. Mar 77,
253p EPA/530/SW-153C
Contract EPA-68-01-4312
This study assesses the alternatives to landfill disposal
of potentially hazardous industrial wastes generated
by the metals smelting and refining industries. The al-
ternatives analyzed include chemical landfill, precipita-
tion, reduction roasting, evaporation, dewatering, and
sintering. The processes analyzed identify feasible al-
ternatives that enable materials or energy recovery,
waste detoxification or immobilization, and volume re-
duction for comparison with landfill disposal. Inciner-
ation was not a viable option for this Industry's wastes
and was, therefore, not examined in this study.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Industrial wastes, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Iron and steel industry, Copper ores, Zinc
ores, Lead ores, Antimony, Titanium, Aluminum indus-
try, Sanitary landfills, Smelting, Refining, Sludge dis-
posal, Slags, Materials recovery, Dust control, Acids,
Coking, Slurries, Pumps, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, Rinsing, Cost analysis, Process charting,
Precipitation(Cnemistry), Dewatering, Evaporation.
PB-278 816/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Destroying Chemical Waate* In Commercial Scale
Incinerators. Final rept. on Phase 2,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, Calif.
D. Ackerman, J. Clausen, A. Grant, R. Johnson, and C.
Shih. 1978,130pEPA/530/SW-155c
Contract EPA-68-01 -2966
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-267 987.
The report summarizes the results of a Phase II test
program demonstrating the effectiveness of thermal
destruction of Industrial wastes in commercial scale
facilities. Phase I was a study effort to select and
match suitable wastes and destruction facilities, and to
develop a set of detailed facility test plans. Phase II
evaluated the environmental, technical, and economic
feasibility of thermally destroying fourteen selected in-
dustrial wastes in seven different existing commercial
scale processing facilities. Results Indicated that each
of the wastes tested can be thermally destroyed at
high efficiencies. Separate detailed reports published
for each facility test series conducted and the two-
volume Phase I report are listed In the references.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Industrial wastes, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Solid waste disposal, Performance
evaluation, Environmental surveys, Field tests, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Economics, Air pollution con-
trol, Fluidlzed bed processing, Thermal decomposition,
Performance evaluation, Ethylene, Chlorine organic
compounds, Pyrorysls, Sryrene. Elastomers, Cement,
Phenols, Coking, Oxidation, Polyvinyl chloride, Capaci-
tors, Herbicides, Land disposal, Cyclopentadiene/hex-
achloro, Methyl methacrylate, Polychlorinated bipnen-
yls, Benzene/nitro-benzene, Amiben, Wet method.
PB-278 818/0 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wyoming, Water Year
1976. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin. Annual rept.
1 Oct 75-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Cheyenne, Wyo. Water Resources
Div.
Dec 77,644p USGS/WRD/HD-77/063, USGS/WDR/
WY-76-1
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-259 841. Prepared in
cooperation with Wyoming State Dept. of Environmen-
tal Quality, Cheyenne, Bureau of Land Management,
Washington, D.C., Corps of Engineers, Washington,
D.C. and National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Wyo-
ming consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report, in two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 226 gaging stations; stage
only records for 1 lake; stage and contents for 16 lakes
and reservoirs; water quality for 116 gaging stations,
68 ungaged stations, 4 lakes and reservoirs, and 2S3
wells and springs; and water levels for 48 observation
wells. Also included are 111 crest-stage partial-record
stations. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in
Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Wyoming, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-278 847/9 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Criteria and Non-cri-
teria Pollutant Source Testing Program. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
F. E. Littman, R. W. Grlscom, and O. Klein. Nov 77,
240p EPA/600/4-77/044
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-268 379.
To enhance the accuracy of the emission inventory for
the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), a special
emission factor development program was conducted
in 1975 and 1976 on many of the large emission
sources. Source testing of typical sources was carried
out using standard EPA methods. Data for the criteria
pollutants - SO2, NOx, HC, CO, and paniculate matter
-- were obtained, as well as for H2SO4 mist and parti-
cle size distribution. Results indicate good agreement
between measured and calculated SO2 values. Agree-
ment of NOx and paniculate values between actual
tests and results calculated using standard emission
factors Is variable. Actual values tend to be lower than
calculated values, at least for large combustion
sources. In all cases, however, the specific plant emis-
sion factors measured In the RAPS program are being
used In the RAPS emission Inventory, since this was
the prime purpose of the source testing program. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Concentration(ComposrUon),
Sources, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Laboratory equipment, Parti-
cle size distribution, Sulfurlc acid, Boilers, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Numerical
analysis, Sampling, Table(Data), Missouri, 'Emission
factors, 'Air pollution detectors, RAPS program, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB-278 848/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: A Progress Report of •
Technology Assessment of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Executive Summary,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
December 1983 369
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
F. Scott LaGrone, and C. Patrick Bartosh. Oct 77,19p
EPA/600/9-77/032
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin,
Tex. See also Volume 1 dated Jun 77, PB-271 752.
This report covers a three year technology assess-
ment of the development of six energy resources
(coal, geothermal, natural gas, oil, oil shale, and urani-
um) in eight western states (Arizona, Montana, New
Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyo-
ming) during the period from the present to the year
Keywords: 'Energy source development, Energy
sources, Coal, Geothermal resources, Natural gas,
Crude oil, Oil shale, Uranium, Petroleum, Environmen-
tal Impacts, Electric power, Technology assessment,
Water supply, Social effect, Economic impact, Air pol-
lution, Ecology, Energy transport, Public health, Air
pollution, Noise pollution, Energy policy, Arizona, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyo-
ming, Utah, Forecasting, Scenarios, 'Western
RegTonfUnlted States).
PB-278 849/5 PC A05/MF A01
Collaborative Study of EPA Mtthod 13A and
Method 13B,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
William J. Mitchell, Jack C. Suggs, end Fred J.
Bergman. Sep 77.78p EPA/600/4-77/050
Prepered in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst.,
Kansas City, Mo. See also report dated Jan 75, PB-
241 264.
The results from a collaborative test of U.S. EPA
Method 13A and 13B are presented. The collaborative
test was conducted at a primary aluminum reduction
plant. In the collaborative test, six laboratories each
operated two Method 13 sampling trains and all labo-
ratories simultaneously sampled the same stack. Ten
such sampling runs were done for a total of 120 sam-
ples. Each source sample was analyzed for fluoride
using both Method 13A and Method 13B. The results
of the collaborative test showed that both test meth-
ods gave similar results.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Fluorides, 'Industrial
wastes, Fertilizers, Aluminum, Inorganic phosphates,
Combustion products, Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Statisti-
cal analysis, Calibrating, 'EPA method 13A, 'EPA
method 13B, 'Air pollution detection, Collaborative
tests.
PB-278 866/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Survey of Indoor Air Quality Hearth Criteria and
Standard*,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
James E. McFadden, J. Howard Beard, III, and
Demetrios J. Moschandreas. Mar 78,144p* GEOMET-
EF-595, EPA/600/7-78/027
Contract EPA-68-02-2294
Sponsored in part by Department of Housing and
Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Assistant Sec-
retary for Policy Development and Research.
The report is a survey of the state-of-the-art of the sci-
entific studies on indoor air quality criteria and stand-
ards. The principal subject is the indoor nonworkplace
environment. Indoor air quality standards are classified
into three types: (1) maximum allowable air quality
standards; (2) design-level standards; and (3) emis-
sion standards. Each type may be a guideline, a rule or
regulation or a standard with force of law. Both Ameri-
can and foreign efforts to issue standards in each of
the types are discussed. The existing indoor air pollu-
tion standards and the health criteria documents on
which they are based are enumerated. The major con-
clusion reached is that there has been no scientific
effort to establish air pollution standards specifically
for the indoor nonworkplace environment. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Public health, Criteria,
Standards, Closed ecological systems, Buildings,
Design, Ventilation, Building codes, Emission, Foreign
countries, Surveys, Reviews, Ozone, 'Environmental
health, 'Indoor air pollution, Air quality, Threshold limit
values, Maximum allowable permissible exposure.
PB-278 903/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldants, 1976 -
Analysis of Evidence and Viewpoint*. Part VII.
The Issue of Oxldant/Ozone Measurement. Final
rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Pollution Re-
search Center.
James N. Pitts, Jr., and George Su. Oct 77,25p EPA/
600/3-77/119
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources, Lansing. See also Part 6 dated Nov 77,
PB-277 463.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference In
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several Issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a follow-up review/analysis effort. The
follow-up effort was designed to review carefully and
impartially, to analyze relevant evidence and view-
points reported at the International Conference (and
elsewhere), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxl-
dant-related scientific issues. The review/analysis was
conducted by experts (who did not work for the EPA or
for industry) of widely recognized competence and ex-
perience in the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. The issue of oxidant/ozone meas-
urement is discussed in Part VII by James N. Pitts, Jr.
of the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, Uni-
versity of California at Riverside, and George Su of the
State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources In
Lansing. Analytical measurement techniques are com-
pared and recommendations for Improvements are
made.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Oxldlzers, 'Meet-
ings, Concentratlon(Compositlon), Error analysis, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Atmospheric composition,
Air quality, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-278 914/7 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Atmospheric Chemistry of Potential Emissions
from Fuel Conversion Facilities. A Smog Chamber
Study. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. E. Sickles, II, L. A. Ripperton, W. C. Eaton, and R. S.
Wright. Mar 78, 260p EPA/600/7-78/029
Contract EPA-68-02-2258
The atmospheric chemistry of chemical species that
may be emitted from fuel conversion facilities were
studied in smog chambers. Of 17 compounds as-
sessed for ozone-forming potential, 6 compounds
were selected along with a control species, propylene,
for testing in the presence of nitrogen oxides in four
outdoor smog chambers. Selected compounds were
furan, pyrole, thiophene, methanethiol, methyl sulfide,
and methyl disulfide. Multiday exposures were per-
formed, and both static and transport conditions were
simulated. Ozone and sulfur dioxide formation was ex-
amined. The behavior of the test compounds was
compared to that of a surrogate urban mix.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Test chambers, Smog,
Tables(Data), Ozone, Oxidizers, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Formaldehyde, Fossil
fuels, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Trans-
port properties, Laboratory equipment, Chemical reac-
tors, Photochemistry, Coal gasification, Coal liquefac-
tion, Shale oil, Refineries, Petroleum products, 'At-
mospheric chemistry, Air quality.
PB-278 922/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Battrop, Bastrop County, Texas. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,42p WORKING PAPER-632
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Texas Water
Quality Board, Austin, and Texas National Guard,
Austin.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Bastrop, Surveys,
Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Texas, 'water qual-
ity data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level, Organic load-
ings, Bastrop County(Texas).
PB-278 942/8 PC A07/MF A01
Research, Demonttratlon, Training and Fellow-
chip Award*, October-March FY 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Dlv.
Feb 78,150p EPA/GAD/1-78/01
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of October - March, Fiscal Year
1977, for research, demonstration, training, and fellow-
ship programs. A brief project description for mott of
the research and demonstration grants administered
by Headquarters Is contained in Section Two, ar-
ranged In ascending order of the Grant Identification
Number. A Grant Number Index Is Included to assist
cross-referencing Into Section One material.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial wast* treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Air pollution control,
'Grants, States(Unlted States), Research project*,
Education, Solid waste disposal, Hazardou* material*,
Pesticides, Radioactive wastes, Water supply.
PB-278 976/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Investigation of th* Effect* of Food Standard* on
P**tlcld* U**. Final rept.,
California Univ., Albany. Dlv. of Biological Control.
Martin Brown, Richard Garcia, Cathleen Magowan,
Alan Moran, and Michael Moran. Mar 78,185p* EPA/
540/9-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-2602
Three commodities, fresh market oranges, processing
tomatoes and cling peaches were assessed concern-
ing the role of pest related (largely insect) quality
standards and their relationship to pesticide usage. In
each of the commodities cosmetic quality standards
appear to have a significant effect on pesticide usage,
both in regard to the amount of chemicals used and
the utilization of specific pesticides and in regard to the
general approach to pest management. In general, ex-
tremely strict quality standards seem to mitigate
against the adoption of integrated pest management
(IPM). Growers are reluctant to adopt such programs
because they are forced by processor, marketer and
consumer pressures to strive for virtual 'zero' pest
levels. This is a major reason why available IPM pro-
grams which maintain crop quality and yield while re-
ducing pesticide usage up to 50 percent are hardly
used by the growers of the three crops assessed In
this study.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, 'Food, Quality
control, Standards, Purity, Citrus fruits, Tomatoes,
Peaches, Commodities, Damage, Pest control, Deci-
sion making, Management, California.
PB-278 984/0 PC A21/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Summary Analyal* of th* North American (US Por-
tion) OECD Eutrophication Project: Nutrient Load-
Ing - Lake Response Relationship* and Trophic
State Indices. Final rept. Jul 74-Nov 77,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson. Center for Environ-
mental Studies.
Walter Rast, and G. Fred Lee. Jan 78,479p* EPA/
600/3-78/008
Grants EPA-R-803356-01-0, EPA-R-803356-01-3
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-275 674.
This report summarizes and critically analyzes nutrient
load-lake response relationships for 38 U.S. water
bodies which have been Intensively studied by 20 sci-
entists participating in the OECD Eutrophication Pro-
gram. It was determined that the Vollenwelder nutrient
load relationship involving mean depth, hydraulic resi-
dence time and phosphorus load correlated well with
the trophic states assigned by the Individual Inveatiga-
370 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tors. The relationships developed in this study can be
used to predict the Improvement in water quality that
will result from a change In the phosphorus load to a
water body for which phosphorus Is the key chemical
element limiting planktonic algal growth.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Primary biological productivity,
•Limnology, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Water quality
management, Monitoring, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Chlorophylls, Conductivity, Nevada, Wisconsin, Minne-
sota, New York, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland,
Washington(State), California, Ohio, Oregon, Florida,
'Eutrophication, 'Trophic level, 'Water
management(Applled), Organic loading.
PB-278 885/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Dlv.
Spectral Measurement* ol Qaseoui Sulfurlc Acid
U*lng Tunable Diode Laser*. Final rept. Nov 76-Jul
Laser Analytics, Inc., Lexington, Mass.
Richard S. Eng, Kenneth W. Mill, and Jack F. Butler.
Feb 78, 74p EPA/600/2-78/01 9
Contract EPA-68-02-2482
Using a tunable diode laser spectrometer with a spec-
tral resolution of about 10 to the -4 power/cm, the im-
portant central portions of the two infrared absorption
bands of H2SO4 at 8.2 micrometers (1222/cm) and
11.3 micrometers (880/cm) have been scanned at low
Pressure (approximately 1 .2 Torr of H2SO4) and at at-
mospheric nitrogen pressure. Maximum absorption co-
efficients have been measured to be 6.5/cm/atm and
6.9/cm/atm at the 8.2 micrometer (1 222/cm) and 1 1 .3
micrometer (880/cm) bands, respectively. Interfer-
ence spectra of SO2. CO2 and H20 near the H2SO4
absorption peaks at 1222/cm and 880/cm were
scanned using a 1 .1 m cell at 200C to determine inter-
'erence-free regions. A spectroscopic method was
used to measure the partial pressures of H2SO4, S03
«nd H2O vapors above azeotropes of H2SO4 at 1 07C,
iSOC and 200C. The expected performance charac-
teristics of an H2SO4 tunable diode laser stack moni-
tor are considered on the basis of the above results.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Infrared spectroscopy,
Monitors, Air pollution, Lasers, Performance evalua-
f°n, Gaa analysis, Chemical analysis, Experiments,
laboratory equipment, Absorption spectroscopy,
vapor pressures, Partial pressures, 'Laser spectros-
y, 'Air pollution detection, Tunable diode lasers.
PC A03/MF A01
Jhe Ozone Problem In th« Norfolk. Virginia Area,
tr|wonmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, N.C.
Q«rard A. DeMarrals. Jan 78, 31 p EPA/600/4-78/006
"•eastern border, a
Pollution originating In
"?***ntly, however,
S8**- Maximum hou
rea of Norfolk, Virginia, being well displaced from
"foe urban centers and having the Atlantic Ocean at
"•eastern border, appears to be sheltered from air
In other urban sources. The area
records high concentrations of
hourly concentrations exceeded 80
Pjfcent of the days in July and August 1974. The
S^e data for that period are analyzed In this report.
tr«3?**i* is given to the potential for the high concen-
"•JKms to have been transported in from distant
JJPJJJnd urban areas. Other meteorological phenomena
•••oclated with the high concentrations of ozone are
•••o discussed.
&5J***: 'Ozone,
;^cerrtration(Comp08i™,,,, ..,..„
""Wl variations, 'NorfolkfVlrglnia).
: zone, 'Air pollutjon, Virginia,
^entratiomComposl.tJon). Wind(Meteorology), Dl-
Ef-JW 008/1 PC A06/MF A01
gnj™onmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
SI0' Stationary Source Enforcement.
2rrj*y of Technique* for Monitoring Sewage
Fj~p* Charged to Municipal Sludge Incinerator*.
S^Co-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
jUJJie* J. Sawyer, and Vi|ay Pate). Jun 77,88p EPA/
ConfractEPA-68-02-1375
lj*>eratlon it rapidly becoming an Important means of
thi"***1 sludge disposal M municipalities upgrade
•w waatewater facilities to comply with the Clean
Water Act requirements. New or modified sludge incin-
erators are regulated by the New Source Performance
Standards; NSPS requires the installation of sludge
feed monitoring devices, to determine the amount of
sludge charged to the incinerator. A survey of munici-
pal incinerators in several EPA regions was conduct-
ed, to determine what is being done to conform with
NSPS requirements. From these survey results, tech-
nical and cost information on sludge monitoring sys-
tems meeting NSPS requirements was compiled as a
data base to guide regional offices and state agencies
in their review and evaluation of feed monitoring de-
vices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sludge disposal, 'In-
cinerators, Sewage treatment, Monitoring, Regula-
tions, Standards, Cost analysis, Combustion products,
Surveys, Equipment, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Process charting, New Source Performance
Standards.
PB-279 007/9 PC A04/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emission Trend* Report,
1976. Annual rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
W. F. Hunt, Jr., T. C. Curran, N. Frank, R. Faoro, and
W. Cox. Dec 77,70p EPA/450/1-77/002
See also report dated Nov 76, PB-263 922.
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality through 1976 for total suspended particulate,
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and
oxidants. The change in the number of people ex-
posed to air quality levels above the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards is emphasized for four major
metropolitan areas: the New York-New Jersey-Con-
necticut Air Quality Control Region; the Los Angeles
Basin; the City ol Chicago and Metropolitan Denver. All
areas show long-term improvement in reducing ad-
verse pollution levels. A major feature of this report Is
the presentation of multi-color air quality maps for total
suspended particulate, sulfur dioxide and photochemi-
cal oxidants. The maps are included to respond to the
often asked question: 'How does air quality vary
across the United States.' The analyses in this report
are based on the data collected through the extensive
monitoring activities conducted by Federal, State and
local air pollution control agencies. Nationwide emis-
sions for the period 1970-1976 are also presented.
(Color illustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, Sulfur dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Oxidizers, New
York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Los Angeles Basin, Illi-
nois, Colorado, Particles, Metropolitan areas,
Concentration(Composition), Regions, Federal gov-
ernment, Population, 'Air quality, Chicago(lllinois),
Total suspended participates, Air quality control re-
gions, Denver (Colorado).
PB-279 008/7 PC A03/MF A01
Standard* Support and Environmental Impact
Statement. Volume 2. Promulgated Standard* of
Performance for Ugnite-Flred Steam Generator*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Nov 77, 34p EPA/450/2-76/030b
See also Volume 1 dated Dec 76, PB-267 610.
A standard of performance for the control of emissions
of nitrogen oxides from new and modified lignite-fired
steam generators is being promulgated under the au-
thority of section III of the Clean Air Act. When stand-
ards of performance for large steam generators were
promulgated under Subpart D of Part 60, lignite-fired
units were exempted from the nitrogen oxides stand-
ard (the sulfur dioxide and particulate matter standards
are applicable to lignite-firing) because of a lack of
data on attainable levels of emission from such units.
Since then, sufficient data have been obtained to pro-
pose and promulgate a standard. This document con-
tains summaries of public comments on the proposed
standards, EPA responses, a discussion of differences
between the proposed and promulgated standards,
and the final environmental impact statement as sub-
mitted to the Council on Environmental Quality.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Air pollution control, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Lignite, Regulations,
Standards, Public health, Performance evaluation,
Particles, Boilers, Cyclone separators, Economic anal-
ysis, 'Steam power plants, 'Coal fired power plants,
Air pollution standards.
PB-279 009/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldant*, 1976 -
Analyst* of Evidence and Viewpoint*. Part II. The
l**ue of Reactivity. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
J. G. Calvert, and H. E. Jeffries. Oct 77,86p EPA/600/
3-77/114
See also Part 1, PB-276 768 and Part 3, PB-279 010.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a 5-day International Conference In
September 1976. The more than one hundred presen-
tations and discussions at the Conference revealed
the existence of several issues and prompted the EPA
to sponsor a follow-up review/analysis effort. The
follow-up effort was designed to review carefully and
Impartially, to analyze relevant evidence and view-
points reported at the International Conference (and
elsewhere), and to attempt to resolve some of the oxl-
dant-related scientific Issues. The review/analysis was
conducted by experts (who did not work for the EPA or
for industry) of widely recognized competence and ex-
perience In the area of photochemical pollution occur-
rence and control. J.G. Calvert, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, and H.E. Jeffries, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., reviewed the papers pre-
sented at the 1976 International Conference on Oxi-
dants related to the issue of reactivity, and offered
their views on the current status of research in the
field, resolutions of the issue, and the need for addi-
tional research.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Meetings,
Ozone, Photochemical reactions, Reaction kinetics,
Computerized simulation, Test chambers, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Atmospheric diffu-
sion.
PB-279 010/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
International Conference on Oxldant*, 1976 -
Analyal* of Evidence and Viewpoint*. Part III. The
laaue of Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion. Final rept.,
State Univ. of New York at Albany.
V. A. Mohnen, and E. R. Relter. Dec 77,145p EPA/
600/3-77/115
See also Part 1 dated Oct 77, PB-276 768 and Part 2
dated Oct 77, PB-279 009.
In recognition of the important and somewhat contro-
versial nature of the oxidant control problem, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) organized
and conducted a S-day International Conference in
September 1976. In Part III, V.A. Mohnen and E.R.
Relter discuss the Issue of stratospheric ozone Intru-
sion, I.e., whether ozone of stratospheric origin contrib-
utes significantly to ground-level ozone buildup. The lit-
erature on the subject of ozone intrusion is discussed,
and suggestions for further research to resolve some
of the questions raised are made.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Meetings,
Stratosphere, Ozone, Troposphere, Transport proper-
ties, Concentratlon(Composltion), Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-279 011/1 PCA13/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA Utility FQD (Flue Qaa Deaulfurtzatlon) Survey:
December 1977 - January 1978. Periodic rept. Jul
77-Jan 78,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Mar 78,291 p EPA/600/7-78/
051 a
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
The report presents a survey of utility flue gas desulfur-
nation (FGD) systems In the U.S. It summarizes Infor-
mation contributed by the utility Industry, process sup-
pliers, regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering
firms. Systems are tabulated alphabetically, by devel-
opment status (operational, under construction, In
planning stages, or terminated operations), by utility
December 1983 371
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
company, by process supplier, by process, by waste
disposal practice, and by regulatory class. It presents
data on system design, fuel sullur content, operating
history, and actual performance. It discusses problems
and solutions associated with the boilers and FGD sys-
tems. Process flow diagrams and FGO system eco-
nomic data are appended to the report.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Boilers, 'Environmental surveys, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Performance evaluation, Solid waste dis-
posal, Process charting, Design criteria, Scrubbers,
Particles, Electrostatic precipatators, Plant location,
Feedback control, Water pollution.
PB-279 012/9 PC A09/MF A01
Control of Emissions from Lurgl Coal Gasification
Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Mar 78,178p EPA/450/2-78/012, OAQPS-1.2-093
The purpose of this document is to provide information
on Lurgi Coal Gasification Plants, their emissions, con-
trol technologies which can be used to control emis-
sions, and the environmental and economic impacts of
applying these control technologies. This document is
being issued to assist State, local, and Regional EPA
enforcement personnel in the determination (on a
case-by-case basis) of the best available control tech-
nology for Lurgi Coal Gasification Plants.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Air pollution control,
Technology, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Economic impacts, Environmental impacts, Law en-
forcement, Substitutes, Water pollution, Standards,
Cost analysis, Sulfur, Process charting, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Environmental surveys,
'Lurgi process, Emission factors, High btu gas, Air
quality, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB-279 013/7 PC A02/MF A01
Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB,
Ohio.
Development of an Optical Convolution Veloci-
meter for Measuring Stack Flow. Final rept. Jul 76-
Feb 77,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
M. J. Rudd. Mar 78,35p EPA/600/2-78/049
Contract F33615-76-C-3051
A new type of instrument has been developed and
tested for the measurement of stack flow velocities.
The instrument is optical and generates a shadow-
graph pattern of the wake from a small heater. This
shadowgraph is projected on a mirror grating of pre-
cise dimensions and the reflected light detected by a
photodiode. The output of the photodiode fluctuates at
a frequency that is related to the velocity with which
the turbulence is convected across the grating. By
measuring this frequency, the flow velocity is deter-
mined. A version of this optical convolution veloci-
meter (OCV), as it is called, has been built to withstand
a temperature of 200C and combustion gases. This
unit has been tested in both a wind tunnel and EPA's
stationary source simulation facility (SSSF). The
agreement with a pitot tube was close, 1 % in the wind
tunnel and 2 - 2.5% in the SSSF. Some difficulty in
signal processing was found at high speeds and high
temperatures or dust loadings, but this can be cured.
The OCV promises to be a much more accurate and
easier to use instrument than the pitot tube, at little ad-
ditional cost.
Keywords: 'Flue gases, 'Speed indicators, 'Optical
measuring instruments, Combustion products, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Test
chambers, Chimneys, Wind tunnels, Air pollution, In-
dustrial wastes, 'Optical convolution velocimeters,
'Air pollution detection.
PB-279 016/0 PC A22/MF A01
Proposed Expansion of Existing Wastewater
Treatment Facilities at Scottsbluff, Gerlng and
Terrytown, Scons Bluff County, Nebraska. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
28 Jan 78,522p EPA/907/9-77/008
Prepared in cooperation with WAPORA, Inc., Washing-
ton, D.C. Contract EPA-68-01-3444.
The proposed financial assistance under the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L.
92-500) for improvement of publicly owned sewage
treatment facilities in the Nebraska Panhandle Area
has been determined to be a major Federal Action.
The Draft EIS includes a number of alternative courses
of action; including, no action, limited action (upgrad-
ing existing lagoons by structural and operational
modifications) stream discharge from upgraded facili-
ties, stream discharge from new activated sludge
treatment plant, land application, and complete reten-
tion. Each alternative is evaluated with regard to cost
effectiveness and environmental impacts; including,
surface and ground water effects, floodplains, water
use, aquatic and terrestrial biology, land use, econom-
ics, health effects, air quality, noise, aesthetics, ar-
chaeological and historic resources, recreational im-
pacts and environmentally sensitive areas. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Improvement, Environmental
impacts, Surface waters, Flood plains, Activated
sludge process, Upgrading, Land use, Evaluation, Cost
effectiveness, Ground water, Recreational facilities,
Public health, Aquatic biology, Esthetics, Nebraska,
'Sewage treatment plants, Scottsbluff(Nebraska),
GeringfNebraska), Terrytown(Nebraska).
PB-279 019/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
The Role of Solid-Gas Interactions In Air Pollu-
tion. Final rept. Nov 73-Feb 77,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Ivan A. Getting
Lab.
Henry S. Judeikis, Thomas B. Stewart, Anthony G.
Wren, and James E. Foster. Dec 77, 71p EPA/600/3-
77/132
Grant EPA-R-802687
See also report dated Aug 74, PB-244 413.
Sulfur dioxide and other sulfur-containing gases have
been studied to evaluate their interactions with solids
likely to be found in urban aerosols and on ground-
level surfaces in the urban environment. Results indi-
cate that sulfur dioxide readily reacts with most of
these materials by capacity-limited reactions, particu-
larly at high relative humidities. Removal of hydrogen
sulfide and dimethylsulfide over ground-level surfaces
is a slow process and largely reversible. The implica-
tions of these results with regard to air pollution chem-
istry and sulfur control strategies are discussed. Publi-
cations, reports, and presentations that resulted from
this work are listed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfur inor-
ganic compounds, "Aerosols, Surfaces, Particles,
Gases, Surface chemistry, Decomposition reactions,
Deposition, Hydrogen sulfide, Soil chemistry, 'Gas
surface interactions, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Hetero-
geneous reactions, Sulfide/dimethyl.
PB-279 027/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Air Quality, Public Information and Transportation
Strategies. Final rept. Dec 76-Jun 77,
East-West Gateway Coordinating Council, St. Louis,
Mo.
M. James Bogart. Jun 77,69p EWG-JB-0333.15.0,
EPA/907/9-77-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2531
This report summarizes the air quality activities under-
taken by the Council. These activities Include conduct-
ing an areawide public information campaign, and pro-
moting and developing various transportation control
strategies designed to reduce excessive air pollution
levels in the St. Louis air quality control region. (Color
illustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Regional planning,
Exhaust emissions, Forecasting, Standards, Carbon
monoxide, Oxidizers, Hydrocarbons, 'Air quality,
'Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB-279 037/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Hydrogen Cyanide Emissions from a Three-Way
Catalyst Prototype. Final rept.,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
Products Research Div.
Eugene L. Holt, and Mary H. Keirns. Nov 77,69p EPA/
460/3-77/023
Contract EPA-68-03-2485
Four catalysts, nominally identical except for Pt/Rh
ratio, were tested for emissions of regulated pollutants
and for HCN, NH3, SO4(-2) and H2S. Fuel economy
was also measured. The tests were conducted over
the FTP, CFDS, and 64 and 80 kph cruise modes,
using three simulated malfunction modes: 02 sensor
disconnected-idle adjustment correct; O2 sensor dis-
connected-idle adjustment enriched; 13% misfire. The
catalysts were prepared by Engelhard Industries under
conditions similar to those used in making commercial
three-way catalysts. A prototype Volvo TWC vehicle
was the test car. The four catalysts contained respec-
tively: Rh only, 17% Rh-Pt; 5% Rh-Pt; Pt only. Tests
were also run with no catalyst under the malfunction
modes and with each catalyst under normal engine
conditions. Of the fifteen possible test combinations
(four catalysts and no catalyst x 3 malfunction modes),
twelve were chosen to be run, with four replicates,
giving sixteen runs total. No HCN was detected at the
tailpipe under normal operating conditions over the
FTP. However, under the malfunction modes, HCN
emissions were generally found. During the FTP and
CFDS cycles all of the catalysts appeared to remove
some HCN from the exhaust gas under all malfunction
modes, but during cruise some catalysts under certain
malfunctions caused a further increase in tailpipe HCN
emissions. The maximum level observed was about 40
mg/km.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen cyanide, Catalysts, Exhaust
emissions, Performance evaluation, Hydrogen sulfide,
Sulfates, Ammonia, Concentration(Composition),
Platinum, Rhodium, Fuel consumption, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Monitoring, Failure,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Electrodes, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), "Air
pollution detection, Air fuel ratio, Ion selective elec-
trodes.
PB-279 047/5 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Oxldant Air Pollution In Remote Forested Areas of
Southwestern Virginia. Oxldant Effect on Eastern
White Pine. Final rept. Apr 75-Mar 76,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Physiology.
John M. Skelly, and Edward M. Hayes. Jan 77,112p
EPA/600/3-77/013
Total oxidants and associated oxidant injury to white
pine were determined at three rural sites in Virginia: (1)
Salt Pond Mountain, Giles County; (2) Rocky Knob
Mountain, Floyd County; and, (3) Shenandoah Valley,
Rockingham County, at 945 m, 945 m, and 426 m ele-
vation, respectively. Oxidants were monitored with
Mast Meters (Model 724-2) from April 1975 to March
1976 at Site I, from May 1975 to March 1976 at Site II,
and from May 1975 to October 1975 at Site III. In-
creases in oxidants were associated with winds from
the north and northeast and stationary high pressure
systems. Decreases in oxidants were associated with
the passage of cold fronts from the northwest, warm
fronts from the south, and winds from the west, south-
west, south, and southeast. The National Ambient Air
Quality Standard for photochemical oxidants of 8
pphm/1 hour/year was equaled or exceeded for 104,
78, and 39 hours at Sites I, II, and III, respectively. The
highest mean hourly oxidant concentrations were
monitored on July 3, 1975, the result of an air mass
originating from the northeast urban areas.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, Virginia, Forestry, Ozone, Air
pollution, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition),
Trees, Atmospheric motion, Pine trees, Computer pro-
grams, Fortran, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality, Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB-279 052/6 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Economic Analyst*, Root Control, and Backwater
Flow Control as Related to Infiltration/Inflow
Control. Appendices. Final rept. 1974-Jul 76,
American Public Welfare Association, Chicago, III.
372 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Richard H. Sullivan. Dec 77,143p* EPA/600/2-77/
017b
Grant EPA-803151
See also PB-272 680.
A study was conducted to Identify and analyze present
practices for determining and controlling Infiltration
and inflow (I/I) and investigate the role of roots and
tide or backwater gates in the I/I problem. It was found
through on-site investigations and questionnaires that
local authorities were just starting to consider their I/I
problems. Roots were found to be a major sewer
system problem. Tide gates were found to be consid-
ered satisfactory, although generally they receive in-
frequent maintenance and often do not properly close.
The results of the study are presented in four volumes.
The first report (EPA-600/2-77-017a) reviews a
sample economic analysis and information concerning
root control and tide gates as determined by the study.
This volume of appendices to the report contains the
literature review, questionnaires used, and field reports
on root control and tide gate conditions and practices.
Keywords: "Fluid infiltration, 'Flow control, *Sewers,
Sanitary sewers, Cleaning, Flow measurement, In-
spection, Pipe joints, Equipment, Pipes, Pipe fittings,
Maintenance, Questionnaires, Reviews, Manholes,
Soils, Roots, Tide gates.
PB-279 076/4 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Airborne Monitoring of Cooling Tower Effluent*.
Volume I. Technical Summary. Final rept.,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, Calif.
George J. Woffinden, Paul R. Harrison, and Jerry A.
Anderson. Apr 78,122p EPA/600/7-78/079,, EPRI/
EA-420
Grant EPA-R-803969
MRI conducted an airborne plume monitoring program
as part of the Chalk Point Cooling Tower Project.
Plume measurement included: temperature, dew point,
visibility, turbulence, droplet size distribution and con-
centration, liquid water content, sodium chloride con-
centration (NaCI), sulfuric acid concentration (H2S04),
sulfur dioxide concentration (SO2). Vertical cross sec-
tions of the plume were mapped at several downwind
distances. Data were recorded every half second to
provide the short response times required for accurate
plume profile measurements. The presence of stable
visible plumes was observed during cold high humidity
conditions. Even under these conditions, the decrease
in visibility Is not considered to be a hazard to aircraft
because of the limited distance over which It extends.
Interactions between the cooling tower plume and the
boiler plume are limited. The boiler plume is saturated
with water from combustion products and from a ven-
turi wet scrubber. Therefore, chemical reactions that
require moisture have occurred prior to mixing with the
cooling tower plume, and the additional water supplied
by the cooling tower plume has little effect.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, "Air pollution, "Plumes,
Flue gases, Monitoring, Boilers, Sodium chloride,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Particle size distribution,
Turbulence, Visibility, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Precipitation(Meteorology), Laboratory equipment,
Water vapor, Aircraft, Temperature, Dew Point, Water,
Air pollution detection, 'Air water Interactions.
fB-279 077/2 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
Jhe Preparation of Fuel* and Feedstock* from
Municipal Solid Waste. Proceeding* of a Work-
Jnop Held at New Orleans, Louisiana on February
••10, 1977. Final rept.,
Franklin Associates, Ltd., Prairie Village, Kans.
Marjorie A. Franklin. Dec 77, 243p' EPA/600/9-77/
This report is a record of the proceedings from a work-
shop held in New Orleans, Louisiana, on February 8-
'°, 1977, among a group of experts in the field of proc-
essing municipal solid waste into useable fuels and
"'her recyclable materials. The body of the report con-
"Sts of a verbatim discussion among meeting partici-
pants. These sections were transcribed from the tape-
recorded meeting sessions. In addition, a summary of
a" discussions and conclusions Is included. The report
serves as a comprehensive, up to data, state-of-the-
"t summary for municipal solid waste processing
'ecnnology which should be useful to designers and
researchers in the field of solid waste management.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Meetings, Materials
recovery, Recycling, Design criteria, Equipment, Fuels,
•Refuse derived fuels, 'Solid wastes, "Municipal
wastes, Waste recycling.
PB-279 078/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Tailing of Selected Inland Oil Spill
Control Equipment. Final rept., Apr 75-Mar 76,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
N.J.
William E. McCracken. Aug 77,125p MHSM/LNJ-01,
EPA/600/2-77/150
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
Standardized performance tests were conducted at
the Environmental Protection Agency's test facility,
OHMSETT, with various off-the-shelf inland oil-spill
control and clean-up devices. Operability limits were
defined and then quantified via testing for eight boom
systems and eight stationary skimmers. This informa-
tion allows those concerned with spill control to match
the proper equipment with the existing environmental
conditions (wave characteristics, current, and oil prop-
erties) associated with an oil spill In Inland waters.
Boom systems were tested in the catenary (U) configu-
ration for oil collection capabilities and In the diversion-
ary (J) configuration for fast current oil diversion capa-
bilities. Booms were first tested for stability capabilities
over a wide range of wave conditions without oil and
then In wave conditions within their operational stabil-
ity limits with oil. Booms and stationary skimmers were
tested In the same wave conditions and oils. Two test
oils were used-No. 2 Fuel Oil and Sunvls 75 Lubrica-
tion Oil (without additives).
Keywords: "Oil spills, "OH pollution control, "Water
pollution control equipment, Skimmers,
Boomg(Equlpment), Performance tests, Water waves,
Ocean currents, Test facilities, Fuel oil, Lubricating
oils, Oil pollution removal, Oil retention booms.
PB-279 080/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effect* of Alternative New Source Performance
Standard* on Flu* Qa* D**ulfurlzatlon Syctem
Supply and Demand. Final task rept. Apr-Dec 77,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Vllay P. Patel, and L. Qlbbs. Mar 78,114p EPA/600/7-
78/033
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
The report discusses the capabilities of equipment
vendors to supply and Install the quantity of flue gas
desulfurlzation systems required to meet alternative
standards for coal-fired steam generators. It analyzes
limiting factors affecting supply capabilities (such as
the availability of components, equipment, and skilled
labor). It discusses guarantees that equipment ven-
dors have made and are willing to make, and the pen-
alties that they are willing to be assessed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide,
"Steam electric power generation, Substitutes, Stand-
ards, Flue gases, Assessments, Boilers, Forecasting,
Coal, Design criteria, Installing, Personnel, New
Source Performance Standards.
PB-279 081/4 PC A03/MF A01
An Automatic Chlorlnatlon Syatem for Eliminating
Biological Growth In Pumping System* for Auto-
matic Instrumentation,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
nati, Ohio.
Richard P. Lauch. Jan 78,36p EPA/600/4-78/010
Automatic chlorination was determined to be satisfac-
tory for elimination of microbial growth (slime) in moni-
tor pumping systems. With chlorination, changes in
dissolved oxygen levels through the sampling system
were minimized. Optimum chlorine concentration and
frequency of chlorine addition to the system were de-
termined during the period of maximum biological ac-
tivity.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Chlorlnation, "Mi-
croorganisms, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Bacteria, Ohio, Field tests. Little Miami River,
Automation, Sampling, Weathering, Cincinnatl(Ohlo).
PB-279 082/2 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
A**e**ment of Disease Rate* Among Sewer
Worker* In Copenhagen, Denmark. Final rept. May-
Aug 77,
LunDean Environmental Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
R. B. Dean. Jan 78,20p EPA/600/1-78/007
Sewer workers in Copenhagen, Denmark, have a
higher death rate than the comparable male popula-
tion. An alarmingly high proportion of the deaths occur
within the year that employment terminates. Attempts
to correlate the statistics with sick leave records or
chemicals in the environment have so far not been
successful. Sewer workers experience a high rate of
gastrointestinal tract disorders which they associate
with chemical odors and infectious agents. They have
elevated levels of gamma globulins. Analytical work
has not yet identified any agents that might be respon-
sible for the observed death rates or the gastrointesti-
nal problems. Biological examinations of stool speci-
mens have not been made.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, Personnel, Denmark,
Assessments, Sewers, Mortality, Occupational dis-
eases, Morbidity, Epidemiology, Gastrointestinal dis-
eases, Health statistics. Gamma globulin, Odors, In-
fectious diseases, Environmental health,
Copenhagen(Denmark), "Occupational safety and
health, "Sewage industry.
PB-279 083/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental A*****ment of Stationary Source
NOx Control Technologies. Annual rept. no. 1, Jun
76-Jun 77,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Dlv.
L. R. Wateriand, H. B. Mason, R. M. Evans, K. Q.
Salvesen, and K. J. Wolfe. Mar 78,108p"
AEROTHERM-TR-77-58,EPA/600/7-78/046
Contract EPA-68-02-2180
The report summarizes results of the first year of an
environmental assessment program for stationary
NOx combustion modification technologies. The first-
year effort concentrated on: (1) developing the metho-
dolgy for environmental assessment and process en-
gineering studies; (2) compiling data on source proc-
ess characteristics, emissions, and pollutant Impacts;
and (3) setting program priorities on sources, controls,
pollutants, and Impacts. The report review* each area
and summarizes plans for future efforts. It discusses
program results and plans for stationary NOx source
equipment characterization, environmental goals com-
pilation, source analysis model development, NOx
control technology characterization, process engineer-
ing methodology development, baseline multimedia
emissions inventory compilation, and systems analysis
model development and use.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides, As-
sessments, Revisions, Sources, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Process charting, Mathematical
models, Boilers, Furnaces, Gas turbines, Reciprocat-
ing engines, Revisions, Substitutes, Technology, Sta-
tionary sources, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB-279 084/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a
Five-Stage Cyclone System. Final rept. Apr 76-Jun
77,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
Wallace B. Smith, and Rufus Ray Wilson, Jr. Jan 78,
69p SORI-EAS-78-44, EPA/600/7-78/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes the development and calibration
of a five-stage cyclone system, designed and fabricat-
ed by Southern Research Institute. The system was
calibrated using both a vlbrating-orlfice aerosol gener-
ator (to generate mono-disperse, large-diameter dye
particles for use at ambient and higher temperatures)
and a pressurized Colllson nebulizer (to disperse mon-
odisperse, small-diameter latex particles for use at am-
bient temperature). Results from calibrating the cy-
clones at several conditions of flow, temperature, and
particle density suggest that the D(50) cut points are
proportional to the gas flow rate raised to a negative
exponent which Is Between -0.63 and -1.11, linearly
proportional to the gas viscosity, and proportional to
December 1983 373
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the reciprocal of the square root of the particle density.
At 25 C, 28.3 liters/min, and for a particle density of 1.0
g/cc, the D(50) cut points were 5.4, 2.1,1.4, 0.65, and
0.32 micrometers for cyclones I-V, respectively.
Keywords: 'Cyclone separators, 'Air pollution control,
Performance evaluation, Aerosols, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Calibrating, Design criteria,
Technology, Experiments.
PB-279 090/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Inspection Manual for Toxic Air Pollutant Emis-
sion*. Final rept,
WAPORA, Inc., New York. Northeastern Regional
Office.
Robert M. Cutler, Robert N. Rickles, James A. Rogers,
and Thomas L. Sieger. Aug 77,122p 635, EPA/903/9-
77/028
Contract EPA-68-02-2555
This inspection manual provides guidelines for federal,
state and local environmental agency enforcement
personnel who need to arrive at preliminary assess-
ments of potential toxic air pollution problems associ-
ated with chemical processing facilities and other
emission sources for cases in which standards and
regulations have not been promulgated. Included in
the manual are discussions of inspection authority,
emission toxicity, emission sources, control tech-
niques, unsteady operations, emission data, field in-
vestigations and a variety of inspection forms. These
forms pertain to equipment as reactors, dryers, grind-
ers, mills, storage tanks, pumps, compressors, hoods,
ductwork, industrial waste incinerators and emission
control devices. The manual also includes correlations
for the estimation of emissions, dispersion, and toxicity
(from lethal dosages - LDSO's), and compilations of
threshold limit values (TLV's), other Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards,
known and potential carcinogens, odor descriptions
and thresholds, vapor pressures, required air velocities
for pollutant capture, safety and inspection equipment,
toxic emission preliminary assessment procedures,
and principal toxic emission references. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Manuals, 'Chemical
industry, 'Regulations, Standards, Law enforcement,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Inspection,
Guidelines, State government, National government,
Regional planning, Toxicity, Dosage, Sources, Moni-
toring, Field tests, Toxic substances.
PB-279 092/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Methods to Control Fine-Grained Sediments Re-
sulting from Construction Activity,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Michael Nawrocki, and James Pietrzak. Dec 76,84p
EPA/440/9-76/026-76/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -3260
Standard erosion and sediment control measures are
usually effective for preventing the runoff of the total
sediment load. The effectivenes of these standard
techniques, however, has been found to be relatively
poor with regard to preventing the runoff of the fine-
grained fractions, such as the silts and clays. The ob-
jective of this study was to research practical, cost-ef-
fective methods which would help to reduce specifical-
ly the fine-grained sediment pollution derived from
construction activities. The prime consideration during
this study was the use or adaptation of existing tech-
nology, as described in the current literature or data, to
the fine-grained sediment pollution problem.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Erosion control, 'Construc-
tion, Highways, Runoff, Ponds, Settling basins, Traps,
Flocculants, Baffles, Asphalts, Emulsions, Vegetation,
Vacuum filtration, Grading(Earthworking), Silts, Clays,
Slopes, Effectiveness, Mulches.
PB-279 104/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Sevler Bridge Reservoir, Juab snd Ssnpete Coun-
ties, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,43p WORKING PAPER-857
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Dtv.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sevier Bridge Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Juab County(Utah), San-
pete County(Utan).
PB-279 105/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Bear Lake, Rich County, Utah and Bear Lake
County, Idaho.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77, 54p WORKING PAPER-836
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Dlv.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Idaho State Dept. of
Health and Welfare, Boise.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bear Lake, Surveys, Nu-
trients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sul-
fates, Concentration(Composition), Drainage, Chloro-
phylls, Plankton, Fresh water biology, Environmental
impacts, Hydrology, Stream flow, Tables(Data), As-
sessments, Utah, Idaho, 'Water quality data, 'Eutro-
phication, Trophic level, Organic loading, Rich
County(Utah), Bear Lake Countyfldaho).
PB-279 106/9 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Dale Hollow Reservoir, Clinton and Cumberland
Counties, Kentucky and Clay, Overton, and Pick-
ett Counties, Tennessee. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 77, 58p WORKING PAPER-352
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Kentucky Dept.
for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection,
Frankfort, and Kentucky National Guard, Frankfort.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Dale Hollow Reservoir,
Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composltion), Drain-
age, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water biology, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Hydrology, Stream flow,
Tables(Data), Assessments, Kentucky, Tennessee,
•Water quality data, * Eutrophication, Trophic level, Or-
ganic loading, Clinton County(Kentucky), Cumberland
County(Kentucky), Clay County(Tennessee), Overton
CountyfTennessee), Picket CountyfTennessee).
PB-279 107/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Apopka, Lake and Orange Counties, Florida.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,47p WORKING PAPER-244
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Apopka, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Lake County(Florida), Orange
County(Florida).
PB-279 135/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Polnsett, Brevard, Orange, and Osceola
Counties, Florida. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,32p WORKING PAPER-271
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Poinsett, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Brevard County(Florida), Orange
County(Florida), Osceola County(Florida).
PB-279 139/0 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Laboratory Evaluation of High-Temperature De-
struction of Polychlorlnated Blphenyls and Relat-
ed Compounds,
Dayton Univ., Ohio. Research Inst.
D. S. Duvall, and W. A. Rubey. Dec 77, 74p EPA/600/
2-77/228
Grant EPA-R-803540
A specialized laboratory technique incorporating a
two-stage quartz system was used for determining the
thermal destruction properties of PCB's and related
compounds. With this system, a small sample was first
converted to the gas phase, then exposed to high-tem-
perature destruction conditions. Critical parameters of
temperature and residence time were accurately
measured. When PCB's were exposed for one second
to a series of high-temperature air environments, it was
found that initial decomposition occurred at approxi-
mately 640C; greater than 95% molecular destruction
was obtained at 740C; and 99.995% molecular de-
struction was found at 1000C. Also, it was determined
that PCB's (and certain related compounds) thermally
decompose to low molecular weight products, as yet
unidentified.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
Laboratory equipment, Experiments, Degradation, Sta-
bility, Pyrolysls, Gas chromatography, Design criteria,
Chemical analysis, 'Polychlorlnated biphenyls, Quartz
tube apparatus, Procedures, High temperature.
PB-279 150/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Estimating Environmental Damages from Surface
Mining of Coal In Appalachla: A Case Study. Final
rept.,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Alan Randall, Orlen Grunewald, Angelos Pagoulatos,
Richard Ausness, and Sue Johnson. Jan 78,143p
EPA/600/2-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -3586
A coherent methodology for economic valuation of the
environmental damage from surface mining Is present-
ed In this report. The empirical case study was con-
ducted In the watershed of the North Fork of the Ken-
tucky River, a mountainous region which includes
parts of six counties, four of which have been heavily
Impacted by surface mining of coal. The value of envi-
ronmental damage from surface mining for coal in the
study region was estimated under four alternative reg-
ulatory regimes: (1) the existing regulations, (2) a 'no
374 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
regulations' regime, (3) a regulatory regime similar to
that which would be established by a Federal surface
mining and reclamation bill, and (4) an alternative regu-
latory framework, generated by the research team,
which relies more heavily on economic incentives for
damage prevention and reclamation. In this case
study, legal, economic and sociological analyses were
integrated. Estimates of five categories of damage
were presented: aesthetic damage; deterioration of
water quality for domestic, commercial and industrial
uses; damages from increased flooding; damage to
land and buildings; and damage to fish, wildlife and
recreation related activities.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Environ-
mental impacts, 'Economic analysis, Water pollution,
Land reclamation, Watersheds, Demography, Surface
water runoff, Soil erosion, Stream pollution, Govern-
ment policies, Regulations, Legislation, Esthetic prop-
erties, Recreational facilities, Flooding, Strip mining,
Recommendations, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain
Region(United States), Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-279 151/5 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Guideline* for Zooplankton Sampling In Quantita-
tive Baseline and Monitoring Program*. Final rept.,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Fred Jacobs, and George C. Grant. Feb 78, 62p
SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC-83, EPA/600/3-78/026
Grant EPA-R-804147-010
Methods applicable to zooplankton sampling and anal-
ysis in quantitative baseline and monitoring surveys
are evaluated and summarized. Specific recommenda-
tions by managers must take into account characteris-
tics of the water mass under investigation, the abun-
dance of contained zooplankton and phytoplankton
Populations and the objectives of the study. Realistic
Planning and development must also consider availa-
ble monetary and manpower resources.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Zooplankton, 'Sampling,
Guidelines, Samplers, Water pollution, Preserving,
Laboratory equipment, Site surveys, Planning, Bio-
mass, Test methods, Biochemistry, Evaluation.
152/3 PC A07/MF A01
al of Hazardous - Chromium Recycling.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socl-
fty, Brussels (Belgium).
S«P76. 140pCCMS-52
NATO furnished.
This report confines itself to a detailed presentation of
we results obtained regarding the chromium cycle in
rrench industry, and the pollution problems posed by
j" utilization, and emphasizes those elements that can
°* easily transposed to other industrial countries. It re-
P°rta on the technical means that can be applied In
•otvlno these nroblems, in addition to the difficulties In-
- in preparing the framework plan centering on
jne disposal of chromium waste at the national level.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
jreatment, 'Chromium, 'Environmental impacts, Mate-
•*"• recovery, Pigments, Metal industry, Chemical In-
tfy. Operating costs, Refractories, Process chart-
Iron and steel Industry, Chromltes, Air pollution,
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Re-
s, Chromium inorganic compounds, Chromates,
g, Metal finishing, Chromic acid, Toxlclty,
analvsis' France. 'Waste recycling, NATO
JUJ-ZT* 153/1 PC A09/MF A01
Sjwonrrtental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
if"08 of Air, Land and Water Use.
to"™*! for Evaluating Secondary Impact* of
!"*t«water Treatment Facilities. Final rept.,
rS^Mociates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
-""coim FtaPatrtek, John Wlllson, Dean Ericson,
5-78700 '8nd Dlanne Wood Feb 78' 186P EPA/600/
Contract EPA-68-01 -3268
.!?? ^anual describes procedures for assessing sec-
r^wy impacts of wastewater treatment facilities. The
-2. fluides the user through this Impact assess-
J™« process by describing EPA policy and regula-
uon« Oovernlng analysis of these Impacts; approaches
to refine and improve existing projections of amount,
type and location of projected growth in a service area;
and the range of potential secondary impacts and al-
ternative approaches for impact assessment. Applica-
tion of projection and impact assessment approaches
are provided for various levels of sophistication, con-
sistent with analysis capabilities and available re-
sources. The manual also provides EPA Regional Re-
viewers with a convenient framework for evaluating
quality of local analyses of secondary impacts and an
analytic basis for Imposing any needed special condi-
tions. This manual is a tool for planners and engineers
preparing impact assessments; it does not supplant
regulations which govern impact assessment process-
es. The manual considers only secondary impact as-
sessment. Measures to mitigate these Impacts have
not been considered in the manual but should, of
course, be implemented where the impact warrants.
Fourteen areas of secondary impacts are covered In
the manual, categorized into four groups: Media Im-
pacts (e.g., ambient noise levels); Sensitive Environ-
mental Area Impacts (e.g., floodplalns); Unique Area
Impacts (e.g., parklands); and Secondary Economic
Impacts (e.g., impacts on property values).
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Management planning, Environmental surveys,
Noise pollution, Solid waste disposal, Assessments,
Economic analysis, Forecasting, Population, Energy
consumption, Manuals, Water quality, Air quality, Land
PB-278 169/7 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Union List of Serials, 1977. Second Edition.
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Li-
brary Div.
1977,382p'
Supersedes PB-2S2 472. Sponsored in part by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Food
and Drug Administration. Washington, D.C. Bureau of
Foods, National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, Washington, D.C., and National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Washington, D.C.
The second edition of this joint listing of serials in-
cludes the holdings of the following library systems:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (includ-
ing the Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality);
Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Foods Li-
brary (FDA); National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration (NASA); National Bureau of Standards (NBS);
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA); and U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. This
report Includes 16,362 titles and 41,649 holdings. The
arrangement Is alphabetical by title.
Keywords: 'Periodicals, 'lndexes(Documentailon),
Documents, Information retrievals, Libraries, Ocean-
ography, Atmospheres, Environments, Subject index-
ing, PosrUon(Location), 'Serials, 'Union catalogs.
PB-279 170/5 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Partlculate Sampling Support: 1977 Annual
Report,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
K. M. Gushing, William Farthing, L. Q. Felix, J. D.
McCain, and W. B. Smith. Jan 78,177p SORI-EAS-77-
661, EPA/600/7-78/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes the activities supporting the par-
ticulate sampling efforts of EPA/IERL-RTP during FY
1877. Twenty Technical directives were Issued In
seven categories: cascade impactors (7), cyclones (5),
sampling electrostatic precipltators (1), guidelines and
manuals (3), document review (1), consulting services
(2), and advanced concepts (1). Significant results of
the 12 completed tasks are presented.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Sampling, Performance evaluation, Impactors. Cy-
clone separators. Electrostatic precipltators, Calibrat-
ing, Manuals, Numerical analysis, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Air pollution
detection.
PB-279 171/3 PC AM/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Pesticide Manufacturing Air
Emissions-Overview and Prloritlzatlon. Final task
rept. Jul 76-Jan 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
S. R. Archer, W. R. McCurley, and G. D. Rawlings. Mar
78,153p MRC-DA-766, EPA/600/2-78/004d
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-271 486.
The report is an overview of the pesticide manufactur-
ing industry and prioritizes 80 major pesticides based
on their potential environmental burden from an air
pollution standpoint. Production of synthetic organic
pesticides was about 640,000 metric tons in 1974.
Thirty-seven major synthetic organic pesticides, those,
with annual production of 4540 or more tons, account-
ed for 74% of the market. Elemental chlorine is
common to most pesticides, but other raw materials In-
clude hydrogen cyanide, carbon disulflde, phosgene,
phosphorus pentasulfide, hexachloro-cyclopenta-
dlene, various amines, and concentrated acids and
caustics. Air pollution aspects of the pesticide manu-
facturing industry are essentially without quantitative
data. For some plants, the pollution caused by loss of
active ingredients is less significant than that caused
by unreacted by-products. Evaporation from holding
ponds and evaporation lagoons may also be an emis-
sion source, although few quantitative data are availa-
ble. Emissions emanate from various pieces of equip-
ment and enter the atmosphere as both the active In-
gredient and as raw materials, Intermediates, and by-
products. Air emission control devices Include bagn-
ouses, cyclone separators, electrostatic precipltators,
incinerators, and gas scrubbers. Synthetic organic
pesticide production In 1985 will be about 806,000
metric tons.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Phosphorus sulfides, Carbon
disulflde, Assessments, Manufacturing, Organic com-
pounds, Cyclone separators, Electrostatic preclpita-
tors, Acids, Amines, Phosgene, Hydrogen cyanide,
Chlorine organic compounds, SynthesisfChemlstry),
Incinerators, Gas scrubbers, Byproducts, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Baghouses, Environmen-
tal chemical substitutes, Cyclopentadiene/hexachloro.
PB-279 175/4 MF A01
Journal Article* on Toxicology. Group 5.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1970,88p-in 13 articles
Consists of PB-279 176 thru PB-279188.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Toxic substance, 'Occupational safety and
health.
PB-279 176/2
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Pharmacological Effects of Cartaaryl II. Modifica-
tion of Serotonin Metabolism In the Rat Brain,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
A. Hassan, and J. A. Santolucito. 29 Sep 70,2p
Pub. In Experientla, v27 n3 p287-288 1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 5, PB-279175.
The purpose of the present investigation was to study
the effect of a single carbaryl dose on serotonin me-
tabolism in the rat brain. Male albino rats (Holtzman)
weighing 150-180 g were used In this study. All animals
were housed in groups for several weeks, and fed a
standard diet of Purina laboratory chow. Carbaryl was
administered orally as a suspension In peanut oil at a
single dosage of 60 mg/kg. Control rats received only
peanut oil. Animals were killed by decapitation, and the
brain was quickly removed and extracted. All determi-
nations were made on whole brain.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rats, Brain, Insecticides, Serotonin, Experimen-
tal data, Metabolism, Physiological effects, Bloassay,
Diet, Ingeatlon(Blology), Dosage, Toxlclty, Reprints,
•Carbaryl.
PB-279 177/0
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Chlorinated Insecticides In Human Serum,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Qa.
December 1983 375
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
William E. Dale, August Curley, Cipriano Cueto, and
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. Mar 66,1 p
Pub. In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v8(2)
p337,Mar66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group5,PB-279175.
The concentration and distribution of chlorinated in-
secticides and related materials in the blood of 10
women who had not had any occupational exposure to
insecticides were determined by electron capture gas
chromatography. The hexane-extractable chlorinated
insecticides and related materials found in serum were
p,p'-DDT (0.0077 ppm), o.p'-DDT (0.0016 ppm), p,p'-
DDE (0.0152 ppm), Beta-BHC (0.0042 ppm), dieldrin
(0.0013 ppm), and heptachlor epoxide (0.0008 ppm).
the mean concentrations of these materials found in
serum were greater than those found in the plasma,
red blood cells, or whole blood. Methods for he extrac-
tion of bound chlorinated insecticides and related ma-
terials in blood were also investigated.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Humans, Insecti-
cides, Females, Blood chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Distribution, Gas chro-
matography, DDT, Chlorine organic compounds, Diel-
drin, Heptachlor, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, DDE in-
secticide, Benzene/hexachloro.
PB-279 178/8
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Toxlcologlcal Assessment of Hexachloronlphenyl
Isomers and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzofuran In
Chick*. II. Effect* on Drug Metabolism and Por-
phyrin Accumulation,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N. C.
Joyce A. Goldstein, James D. McKlnney, George W.
Lucier, Patricia Hlckman, and Hlnda Bergman. 6 Nov
75,12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 36, p81-
92 1976. Prepared In cooperation with National Inst. of
Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279 175.
Pure hexachloroblphenyl (HCB) isomers induce a
number of changes in parameters of drug metabolism
in the chick Including changes in cytochrome P-450,
liver weight, and p-nitrophenol glucuronyl transferase,
but not In testosterone glucuronyl transferase activity.
The most active inducers of drug metabolism were
2,3,4,2',3',4'-HCB and 2,4,6,2,4',6'-HCB, while
2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB produced intermediate effects and
2,3,6,2'.3',6'-HCB was a poor inducer. All HCBs
caused uroporphyrin accumulation and Increased
delta-aminolevullnlc acid (ALA) synthetase activity, but
only 3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB, 2.3,4,2'13',41-HCB. and
2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB produced gross accumulation of he-
patic porphyrins. Tissue HCB concentrations correlat-
ed well with hepatic effecs. 2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodiben-
zofuran (TCDF), a contaminant of commercial poly-
chlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, had no effects on
hepatic ALA synthetase activity, porphyrin accumula-
tion, or glucuronyl transferase. TCDF did produce a
slight increase in cytochrome P-450, but the increase
was smaller than that produced by HCBs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Metabolism,
Chlorine organic compounds, Furans, Chickens, Labo-
ratory animals, Experimental data, Tables(Data), Phys-
iological effects, Drugs, Porphyrins, Liver, Cytoch-
romes, Tissues(Biology), Enzymes, Body weight, *Bi-
phenyl/hexachloro, Reprints, 'Furan/dibenzo-tetrach-
ioro, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic substances,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 179/6
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Chlorinated Insecticide* In the Body Fat of
People In India,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale, M. Frank Copeland, and Wayland J.
Hayes Jr. 1965,7p
Pub. in Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org., 33 p471-477 1965.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279 175.
The storage of insecticides in the body-fat of persons
has previously been studied in several countries (e.g.,
England, France, USA) and food has been shown to
be the main source from which DDT and perhaps other
insecticides are absorbed. In view of the differences in
dietary habits in India, a study was made to determine
whether there are differences in the storage of chlorin-
ated hydrocarbon insecticides In persons in India from
that in persons in other countries. It was found that ci-
vilians in the Delhi area with no occupational exposure
to insecticides had a significantly greater deposit in
their fat of DDT-related compounds and HCH than do
comparable persons in the USA, but less dieldrin and
heptachlor epoxide. Storage in military personnel in
other Indian cities from which samples were obtained
was similar to that in the USA for most DDT-related
compounds and HCH but, as in Delhi, lower for dieldrin
and heptachlor epoxide.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Chlorinated hy-
drocarbons, 'Toxicology, DDT, Humans, Food, Stor-
age, India, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, 'Pesticide
residues, Adipose tissue, Cyclohexane/hexachloro,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 180/4
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Dehydrogenatlon: A Previously Unreported Path-
way of Llndane Metabolism In Mammal*,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Robert W. Chadwlck, Lucy T. Chuang, and Katherlne
Williams. 25 Jun 75,12p
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 5, p575-
5861975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 5, PB-279 175.
The study presents evidence for the dehydrogenatln of
lindane by a hepatic mlcrosomal mlxed-functin oxldase
system. Preliminary Investigation established that the
Incubation of lindane with rat liver homogenates pro-
duces a chlorinated, nonpolar compound identified as
hexachlorocyclohexene. Differential centrlfugatlon re-
sulted In the sedimentation of most of the dehydrogen-
ase activity In the microsomal fraction. Optimum In
vitro assay conditions were established and It was
found that the dehydrogenase system required molec-
ular oxygen and reduced pyrldlne nucleotlde coen-
zyme for maximum activity. Inhibition by SKF 525-A
and CO suggested that the enzyme was cytochrome
P-450 dependent. Lack of Inhibition by cyanide Indicat-
ed that the cytochrome b5 desaturase system was
probably not Involved. Pretreatment of rats with DDT,
which stimulates lindane metabolism, also induced sig-
nificantly higher dehydrogenase activity. Both the in
vivo and In vitro metabolism of hexachlorocyclohex-
ene produced previously Identified lindane metabo-
lites.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Dehydrogena-
tion, Liver, Rats, Chlorine organic compounds, Metab-
olism, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, DDT, Physiol-
ogy, Chlorobenzenes, Enzymes, Rlbosomes, 'Lin-
dane, Reprints, Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, "Cy-
clohexene/hexachloro.
PB-279 181/2
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Effect* of DDVP Aero*ol* on Blood Chollnester-
a*a of Fogging. Machine Operator*,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Robert F. Witter. 18 May 59,3p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v21 p7-9,
Jan 60.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279 175.
The levels of blood cholinesterases were studied In
men who used Todd Insecticidal Fogging Machines to
apply 4% 0,0-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate
(DDVP) aerosols for 16 hours a week to tobacco ware-
houses. No decrease in the concentration of the
plasma or red blood cell enzyme was found over a
period of four months. It is concluded that this method
of application of DDVP does not constitute a hazard to
the health of these workers, providing the fogging ma-
chines are properly used.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Insecticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Aero-
sols, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Exposure, Cholinester-
ase, Signs and symptoms, Medical examination,
'Toxic substances, Reprints, 'Occupational safety
and hearth, 'DDVP insecticide, Phosphoric acid/(dlch-
lorovinyl-ester)-(dimethyl-ester).
PB-279 182/0
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Measurement of Endrln Following Epidemic* of
Poisoning,
Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta
Toxicology Branch.
August Curley, Ralph W. Jennings, Helen T. Mann, and
Vincent Sedlak. 1970,6p
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v5 n1 p24-29 1970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 5, PB-279 175.
Between 3 June and 15 July 1967, four explosive out-
breaks of acute poisoning with the insecticide endrin
occurred in Doha, Qatar and Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. They
resulted in the hospitalization of 874 persons and the
death of 26 persons. The outbreaks probably caused a
lesser degree of poisoning in many others who recov-
ered without seeking medical aid. A thorough epidemi-
ological study revealed that flour in a lower deck of
each of two ships had been contaminated by and
emulslflable concentrate of endrin carried on an upper
deck of the same hold. This paper reports only chemi-
cal studies concerned with the outbreaks. It describes
the method used, and summarizes the chemical evi-
dence that endrin from contaminated flour was, in fact,
the cause of illness. The paper also presents available
measurements pertaining to the distribution of endrin
and its rate of loss In man.
Keywords: 'Endrin, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Chemi-
cal analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Measure-
ment, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Tables(Data),
Blood plasma, Urine, Saudi Arabia, Ingestlon(Blology),
Toxic diseases, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Dlmetri-
anonaphthalenes.
PB-279 183/8
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Effect* of Dieldrin or DDT In vivo on Alpha-Alan-
Ine, Qamma-Amlno-Butyrate, Glutamln*, and Olu-
tamate In Rat Brain,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert F. Witter, and William L. Farrior, Jr. 1964,4p
Pub. in the Society for Experimental Biology and Medi-
cine, v115 p487-490 1964.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279 175.
Studies were made of the effects of lethal doses of
dieldrin or DDT on the free amlno acid pattern of the
brains of rats exhibiting severe symptoms of poison-
Ing. Elevated levels of alpha-alanlne and gamma-
amlnobutyrate were noted with dieldrin but not with
DDT, Indicating a different mode of action of the 2 In-
secticides.
Keywords: 'Dieldrin, "DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Metabolism, Brain, Rats, In vivo analysis, Insecticides.
Chlorohydrocarbons, Experimental data, Laboratory
animals, Dosage, Lethal dose, Physiological effects,
Tables(Data), Signs and symptoms, Amlno acids, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 184/8
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Screening of Various Adsorbent* for Protection
against Paraquat Poisoning,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
Donald C. Stalff, Gordon K. Irle, and Walter C.
Felsensteln. 1973,7p
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n4 p193-199 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology-
Group 5, PB-279175.
The paper presents the results of screening for 25 dif-
ferent adsorbents and indicates which were most suit-
able for further study. The list Includes a number of
readily available pharmaceutical or household materi-
als as well as a few adsorbent materials commonly
found in chemistry laboratories. The results of tn*
study indicate that, of the materials tried, Ambenrw
CG-120, either 100-200 or 200-400 mesh, is the mo«'
promising adsorbent for study on experimental art-
mals. A limited amount of exploratory animal work aj
this laboratory has shown the Amberlite resins to D*
effective in reducing tissue levels compared with non-
protected animals and, in some cases, there was Inw
cation of protection against poisoning.
376 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Adsorbents,
Toxic diseases, Prevention, Herbicides, Weed control,
TablesjData), Concentration(Composition), Gastric
juice, Experimental data, Laboratory animals, 'Para-
quat, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Acetic acids, Bipyri-
dinium compounds, Acetic acid/mercaptophenyl.
PB-279 185/3
(Order as PB-279 175, MF A01)
Absorption and Excretion of Parathlon by Spray-
men,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Reid Studies Section.
William F. Durham, Homer R. Wolfe, and Joseph W.
Elliott. 20 Dec 7 1,7p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v24 p381-
387, Jun 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279 175.
Significant amounts of the urinary metabolity p-nitro-
phenol were detected in the urine of sprayment as long
as ten days after last exposure to the organophos-
Phorus insecticide, parathion. Approximately two days
after exposure, excretion was insignificant during late
night and early morning hours, but reached higher
levels during midday. The height of immediate postex-
Posure excretory peaks and the delayed midday rises
in excretion seemed to vary directly with the tempera-
ture. Bathing after exposure was associated with a
rapid decrease in p-nitrophenol excretion. Tests con-
sidering only one route of exposure at a time indicated
•nat the dermal route represents a potentially greater
"ource of absorption than the respiratory route for or-
chard spraymen using liquid parathion formulations
under the conditions of this study. However, with
equivalent absorbed dosages the respiratory route is
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-3505
Prepared for Rath and Strong, Inc., Lexington, Mass.
This report presents estimates of the retail price equiv-
alent (RPE) or 'sticker price' for a variety of automotive
exhaust emission control related components/sys-
tems. The author began with a three-level assumption
as to industry makeup (supplier, vehicle assembly,
dealer) and used this standard approach along with as-
sumptions as to production volume and the amounts
of labor, overhead, tooling, administrative, and depre-
ciation expenses and profit at the supplier level, tool-
ing, research and development, and administrative ex-
penses and profit at the vehicle assembly level, and
labor, overhead, and profit at the dealer level to deter-
mine the RPE. Where little physical description of a
component could be found, a 'best guess' effort was
made. A methodology description is also included. It
should be noted that since a specific production
volume was assumed in each case, the RPE estimates
are valid only within some relevant range of production
volumes.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
"Cost analysis, Manufacturing, Tables(Data), Design
criteria, Standards, Injection, Oxidation, Reduction,
Catalytic converters, Automobile engines, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-279 196/0 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Technical Manual for the Analysis of Fuels. Final
rept. Dec 76-Dec 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
L N. Davidson, W. J. Lyman, D. Shooter, and J. R.
Valentine. Dec 77,140p* EPA/600/7-77/143
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-256 696.
The manual is for use as a guide in research projects
concerned with fuel combustion. Basically, it describes
and discusses standard methods of sampling and
analysis for a variety of hydrocarbon fuels. The analy-
ses covered are those of prime concern to the com-
bustion engineer; no attempt is made to cover all anal-
yses that may be required in a complete environmental
assessment of any fuel combustion process. For each
fuel covered, the manual indicates the analyses that
are likely to be required, the preferred method of analy-
sis, and available sampling procedures. For each
method of analysis listed (preferred plus alternates, in
many cases), the manual summarizes the method, dis-
cusses its applicability, and describes its precision.
The manual covers gaseous fuels, liquid petroleum
fuels, waste lubricating oil, shale oil, coal liquids,
methyl fuel, coal, coke, refuse-derived solid fuels, and
peat. The appendices give: the availability of Standard
Reference Materials for fuel-related analyses; labora-
tory directories; typical values (or ranges) of param-
eters specified for each fuel; and results of fuel analy-
ses conducted by the contractor.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Manuals, 'Chemical analysis, 'Or-
ganic compounds, 'Environmental surveys, Hydrocar-
bons, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Performance evalu-
ation, Trace elements, Petroleum products, Shale oil,
Coal liquids, Concentration(Composition), Methyl alco-
hol, Lubricating oils, Peat, Gas analysis, Water analy-
sis, Coking, Combustion products, Tables(Data),
Water pollution, Air pollution, Refuse derived fuels,
Solid wastes.
PB-279 207/5 PC A16/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
An Introduction to the Technology of Subsurface
Wastewater Injection. Final rept. 21 Jul 75-20 Jul
National Water Well Association, Worthington, Ohio.
Don L. Warner, and Jay H. Lehr. Dec 77, 355p EPA/
600/2-77/240
Grant EPA-R-803889
Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Rolla.
An introduction to the design, construction, operation,
and abandonment of subsurface wastewater injection
systems is presented. Local geologic and hydrologic
characteristics of the injection and confining intervals
are considered along with the physical, chemical, and
biological compatibility of the receiving zone with the
wastewater to be injected. Design and construction as-
pects of injection wells are presented along with rec-
ommended pre-injection testing, operating proce-
dures, and emergency precautions. Monitoring re-
quirements are discussed, in addition to records main-
tenance and proper well abandonment procedures.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Injection wells, Waste
water, Design criteria, Hydrogeology, Site surveys,
Planning, Aquifers, Volume, Dispersing, Viscosity,
Chemical reactions, Adsorption, Density(Mass/
volume), Chemical compounds, Corrosion, Microor-
ganisms, Degassing, Sewage treatment, Construction,
Maintenance, Standards, Field tests, 'Underground
waste disposal.
PB-279 212/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA/IERL-RTP Interim Procedures for Level 2
Sampling and Analysis of Organic Materials. Final
task rept. Jun-Dec 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
J. C. Harris, and P. L Levins. Feb 78,110p EPA/600/
7-78/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-257 850.
The interim report presents concepts and guidelines to
be used in considering Level 2 sampling and analysis
for organic compounds. It suggests specific proce-
dures. (The final Level 2 organics procedures manual
will include more fully developed concepts and proce-
dures, specified as much as is possible for a wide
range of conditions.) The report is intended for experi-
enced research teams, thoroughly familiar with envi-
ronmental sampling and analysis, Level 1 procedures,
and the phased approach. It does not attempt to teach
the detail which is more adequately found in other pub-
lications, but relies heavily on reports published previ-
ously by IERL-RTP and its contractors.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Sampling, Nuclear
magnetic resonance, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Air pollution, Chromatography, Gas analysis,
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Thermal analysis,
Gas Chromatography, Gas detectors, Mass spectros-
copy, Infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
Environmental surveys, Manuals, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Water pollution detection, 'Solid wastes, Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB-279 214/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA Industrial Boiler FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlza-
tlon) Survey: First Quarter 1978. Report for Apr 77-
Mar 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
J. Tuttle, A. Patkar, and N. Gregory. Mar 78,158p
EPA/600/7-78/052a
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
The report presents detailed technical information
concerning application of flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems to Industrial boilers. The information
was obtained by a survey of plant personnel, control
system vendors, regulatory agencies, and consulting
engineering firms. The data is given in two types of
tables: one gives summary information; the other, de-
tailed information. Summary tables present informa-
tion as a function of control process, control system
vendor, disposal techniques, operation status, start-up
date, and flue gas capacity. Detailed information in-
cludes: control system design, economics, operating
experience, problems and solutions, waste disposal
techniques, and maintenance practices. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Flue gases, Tables(Data), Design criteria, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Performance eval-
uation, Cost analysis, Maintenance.
PB-279 216/6 PC A25/MF A01
Proceedings, United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (5th) Held In
Tokyo, Japan on April 18-22,1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 77,581 p EPA/600/9-77/027
As part of joint interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan, a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology Is held at intervals of
about 18 months. This publication contains papers
from the Japanese group and from the American side
that were presented at the Fifth Conference. Subject
matter covered includes application of P.L. 92-500 with
a state program, regional wastewater plans, non-point
source control, urban run-off, wastewater reuse, indus-
trial wastewater pretreatment and joint treatment,
waste treatability, nitrogen and phosphorus control,
water reclamation technology, water pollution control
(Japan), storm and combined sewer overflow, sludge
treatment, automatic monitoring, and advanced waste
treatment.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Meetings, Pyrolysis,
Measuring instruments, Dewatering, Japan, United
States, Technology, Management planning, Regional
planning, Sources, Incinerators, Cost analysis, Disin-
fectants, Forecasting, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sludge treatment, Monitoring,
Water reclamation, Air pollution control, Chemical
remoyal(Sewage treatment), Process charting, Design
criteria, Combined sewers, Storm sewers, Overflows,
Performance evaluation, Nonpoint sources, Water
quality.
PB-279 247/1 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Emissions from 1966 through 1976
Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles In Los Angeles,
St. Louis, and Washington, D.C.,
Olson Labs., Inc., Anaheim, Calif.
Richard Carlson. Aug 77,641 p EPA/460/3-77/004
Contract EPA-68-03-2379
See also report dated Oct 74, PB-245 842.
Olson Laboratories, Inc., performed exhaust emission
tests on 200 vehicles in Los Angeles, California; 506
vehicles in St. Louis, Missouri; and 133 vehicles in
Washington, D.C. All vehicles were tested using the
1975 Federal Test Procedure. Sulfate tests were per-
formed on 82 vehicles in St. Louis. Evaporative emis-
sion tests were performed on 20 vehicles in Los Ange-
les. Additional emission tests were conducted on par-
ticular vehicles including Highway Fuel Economy
Tests, modal tests, and a series of five short-cycle
tests.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exaust gases, Automobiles,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sulfates, Tables(Data), Monitoring, Test
methods, Economic factors, California, Missouri, Dis-
trict of Columbia, Los Angeles(California), Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Light duty vehicles.
PB-279 248/9 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Sewer System Evaluation, Rehabilitation and New
Construction. A Manual of Practice. Final rept. Jul
74-Aug 76,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Richard H. Sullivan, Morris M. Cohn, Thomas J. Clark,
William Thompson, and John Zaffle. Dec 77,195p
EPA/600/2-77/017d
Grant EPA-S-803151
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-272 680.
This Manual of Practice has been prepared for use by
local authorities and consulting engineers for the In-
vestigation of sewer systems for infiltration/Inflow.
This Manual discusses three areas: sewer system
evaluation, sewer rehabilitation, and design of new
systems to minimize infiltration/inflow. Procedures for
conducting the System Analysis and Sewer System
Evaluation Study (SSES) are described in detail.
Sewer cleaning equipment and methods of sewer in-
spection are discussed in detail. Factors which govern
the cost of conducting work are given. Rehabilitation
techniques are described and an analysis of factors to
be considered for each method described.
Keywords: 'Fluid infiltration, 'Flow control, 'Sewers,
Manuals, Cleaning, Equipment, Flow measurement,
Volume, Inspection, Grout, Detection, Pipe fittings,
Construction, Design criteria, Standards, Evaluation,
Test methods, Municipalities.
PB-279 253/9 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio, water Supply Research Div.
378 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Activated Carbon Adsorption of Trace Organic
Compounds. Final rept. 6 Jan 75-5 Jul 77,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Vernon L. Snoeyink, John J. McCreary, and Carol J.
Murin. Dec 77,129p EPA/600/2-77/223
Grant EPA-R-803473
Research was conducted to determine how effectively
humic substances and the trace contaminants 2-meth-
ylisoborneol (MIB), geosmin, the chlorophenols and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were adsorbed by
activated carbon under the competitive adsorption
conditions encountered in natural waters. Humic sub-
stances compete with MIB and geosmin for adsorption
sites on activated carbon and significantly reduce its
capacity for these compounds. These naturally occur-
ring odorous compounds were found to be much more
strongly adsorbed than the humic substances. Both
the chlorophenols and the polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons are very strongly adsorbed. Strong competi-
tion was observed between anionic and neutral spe-
cies of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
The presence of the various humic substances caused
a significant reduction in chlorophenol adsorption ca-
pacity. Humic acid did not interfere with the rate of ad-
sorption of a model polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon,
anthracene.
Keywords: *0dor pollution, 'Activated carbon, 'Trace
elements, 'Water treatment, Adsorption, Potable
water, Organic compounds, Aromatic polynuclear hy-
drocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Humic
adds, Water pollution control, Air pollution control, Iso-
borneol/methyl, Geosmin, Phenol/dichloro, Phenol/
Wchloro.
PB-279 254/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Wlllard Reservoir, Box Elder County, Utah. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77, 46p WORKING PAPER-862
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
'ne lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Willard Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
Water quality data, Box Elder County(Utah).
PB-279 255/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
'•Nowtall Reservoir, Bighorn County, Wyoming,
and Bighorn and Carbon Counties, Montana. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Aug 77,55p WORKING PAPER-894
prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Montana State
°ept of Health and Environmental Science, Helena,
and Wyoming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°J the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Yellowtail Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
ter8heds, Water quality managemenent, Montana, Wy-
oming, Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Bighorn
CoumyfWyoming), Bighorn County(Montana), Carbon
'-'ountyJMontana).
PB-279 256/2 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Fools Hollow Lake, Navajo County, Arizona. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,44p WORKING PAPER-727
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fools Hollow Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Arizona, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Navajo
County(Arizona).
PB-279 258/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Big Lake, Apache County, Arizona. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,28p WORKING PAPER-726
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Big Lake, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arizona, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Apache County(Arizona).
PB-279 272/9 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Qroup 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1969,76p-in 8 articles
Consists Of PB-279 273 thru PB-279 280.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 273/7
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Whither Rural Medicine. Pesticide Residues In the
Blood of Migrant Field Workers In Relation to Oc-
cupational Exposure.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Medicine.
K. R. Lomg. 1970,6p
Pub. in Proceedings of the International Congress of
Rural Medicine (4tfi), Tokyo, Japan, 1970 p71-75.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
The data presented In the article show significant dif-
ferences in chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residue
values between male and female migrant workers and
between those under 20 and those over 40 years of
age. These differences are believed in part due to
greater exposure by the older subjects and the males
to a work environment where pesticides are prevalent.
Keywords: 'Rural health services, 'Toxicology, 'In-
dustrial medicine, 'Pesticides, Exposure, Blood, Iowa,
Tables(Data), Males, Females, Comparison, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Epidemiology,
ConcentrationfComposition), 'Toxic substances,
'Pesticide residues, Migrant workers, 'Occupational
safety and health, Mexican Americans, Bloaccumula-
tion.
PB-279 274/5
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Concentration of DDT In Brain and Other Tissues
In Relation to Symptomatology,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Haven, Jr., and William E. Dale. 1964,1p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 6(3)
p349, May 64.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
Following repeated doses of DDT at a dietary rate of
200 ppm, rats tolerated without significant inconven-
ience storage of the compound in the liplds of adipose
tissue in concentrations averaging > 500 ppm in
males and > 1400 in females. Under these conditions,
the concentration of DDT in the brain lipids did not
exceed 280 ppm and averaged < 170 ppm. Animals
that died following repeated doses showed concentra-
tions of DDT in brain lipid ranging from 205 to 985 and
averaging 595 ppm in males and 767 ppm in females.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecti-
cides, Bioassay, Brain, Concentration(Composition),
Tissues(Blology), Signs and symptoms, Doses, Rats,
Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Males, Females, Lipids,
'Toxic substances, Reprints, Pesticide residues,
Bioaccumulation, Adipose tissue.
PB-279 275/2
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Treatment of Severe Parathlon Poisoning with 2-
Pyrldlne Aldoxlne Methlodlde (2-PAM),
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Arnold J. Funckes. 13 Jun 60,3p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v1 p404-
406, Nov 60.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
The degree of physiological effect of parathion is re-
flected by cholinesterase Inhibition. The degree of ex-
posure to parathion Is reflected by the amount of uri-
nary paranitrophenol excreted, and by the amount of
parathion that can be removed from the patient's body
by alcohol, even in spite of numerous washings with
soap and water. A case study is presented in which
blood cholinesterase activities, urinary paranitrophenol
values, and measurement of parathion In skin washes
were obtained following the administration of 2-PAM
for treatment.
Keywords: 'Toxic diseases, 'Pesticides, Toxicology,
Nitrogen organic compounds, Therapy, Clinical medi-
cine, Insecticides, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Cholinesterase inhibitors, Patients, Pyridinium/
((hydroxyimino)methy)-methyl-iodide, Reprints, 'Par-
athion, *PAM.
PB-279 276/0
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Toxicology of Abate In Laboratory Animals,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines, Ranate Klmbrough, and Edward R.
Laws, Jr. 23 Aug 66,6p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v14 p283-
288, Feb 67.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
In laboratory animals Abate produces signs, symp-
toms, and type of death typical of those associated
with other organic phosphorus compounds. In large
enough doses Abate will inhibit cholinesterase, ana it
does this more promptly and to a greater extent for
RBC cholinesterase than for plasma cholinesterase.
The acute oral lethal dose (LD50) for Abate In rats and
male mice Is 4,000 mg/kg or greater. Restrained
female rats tolerate a dermal dose of Abate of 4,000
mg/kg without clinical effect, but the same dosage
killed two of ten males. Rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and
chickens tolerate a dally oral dosage of Abate of 10
mg/kg without observable clinical effect, and dogs tol-
erate a daily dosage of 3 to 4 mg/kg, the highest rate
at which they were dosed. Rats and rabbits tolerate at
a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day for extended periods of time
without detectable effect on cholinesterase.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Dogs,
Insecticides, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Lethal dosage, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Dosage, Toxiclty,
Concentration(Composltlon), Ingestion(Blology), Mice,
Rats, Rabbits, Signs and symptoms, Chickens,
Reproductlon(Biology), Reprints, 'Abate, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
December 1983 379
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-279 277/8
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Biochemical Effects In the Rabbit of Repeated
Administration of a Mixture of DDT, Carbaryl, and
Parathlon,
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
A. Hassan, and C. Cueto, Jr. 1970,5p
Pub. in Zeltschrlft fuer Naturforschung, Band 25b Heft
5p521-5251970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
Some biochemical effects of the repeated administra-
tion to rabbits of DDT (5 mg/kg), carbaryl (5 mg/kg),
and parathlon (0.5 mg/kg) were studied during 222
days. No significant changes were found in the blood
or urine levels of amino acids. The tubular phosphorus
reabsorption remained unaltered. The blood coagula-
tion time was considerably shortened in the treated
animals. The urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy-3-indolea-
cetlc acid (S-HIAA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandellc
acid (VMA) was higher In treated animals as compared
to that of controls, Indicating an Increased rate of me-
tabolism of serotonin and catecholamines, respective-
ly. This Increased metabolism is in turn believed to be
a consequence of Increased biosynthesis and release
of blogenlc amines caused by a stress mechanism in-
duced by the administered pesticides. The amounts of
S-HIAA and VMA returned to normal 45 days after ces-
sation of treatment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecticides,
DDT, Rabbits, Carbamates, Laboratory animals, Bio-
chemistry, Blood, Hematology, Metabolism, Reprints,
Carbaryl, Parathion, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 278/6
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Pharmacological Approach to Toxicology,
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. Pesti-
cide Regulation Dlv.
dpriano Cueto. 1977,1p
Pub. In Toxicology-Occupational Medicine, p320 n.d.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
The technical literature on pesticides indicates there is
extensive work being conducted and published on
methods of analysis, extent of human exposure, symp-
tomatology of poisoning and levels of pesticide resi-
dues In biological tissues and residues In all phases of
our environment. A limited review of the literature es-
tablishes the need for greater emphasis on more prop-
erly controlled studies on the biological significance of
pesticide residues. These studies should keep pace
with the extensive development of chemical method-
ology and Its applications. Since the general public is
exposed to low levels of pesticides, biological studies
must emphasize the possible effects of prolonged or
repeated low-level exposure to pesticides on the func-
tional aspects of sensitive physiological systems. Ap-
plication of pharmacological methodology to these
functional systems would facilitate a more sensitive
evaluation of possible toxic effects.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Pharmacology,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 279/4
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides In Plasma
and Milk of Pregnant and Lactatlng Women,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
A. Curtey, and R. Klmbrough. 1968,1 p
Pub. In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 12(2)
p285, Mar 68. See also AD-704 636.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
Five pregnant women were studied for the estimation
of chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticide content in their
blood and milk. Blood samples were obtained between
days 30 to 150 and 240 to 263 of pregnancy, and be-
tween days 1 to 6,35 to 55, and 90 to 115 postpartum.
Milk samples were collected 3-6 days postpartum.
Other milk samples were collected simultaneously with
the other two postpartum blood samples. Extracts
from these samples were analyzed by electron-cap-
ture gas-liquid chromatography.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chlorohydroca/-
bons, Pregnancy, Females, Insecticides, Blood, Milk,
Humans, Sampling, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
DDT, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, 'Toxic substances, Re-
prints, DDE insecticide, Benzene/hexachloro, Pesti-
cide residues.
PB-279 280/2
(Order as PB-279 272, MF A01)
The Toxlclty of Polychlorlnated Polycycllc Com-
pounds and Related Chemicals,
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
Renate D. Kimbrough. 1974,54p
Pub. in the Toxicity of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Com-
pounds and Related Chemicals, Critical Reviews Toxi-
cology, v2 P445-498 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 4, PB-279 272.
The present review is an attempt to correlate various
toxic effects produced by the chemicals in order to
better understand and appreciate their behavior. The
subjects covered in this article have lately enjoyed
great interest and a rapidly growing number of scientif-
ic reports are available. Since a number of the chemi-
cals discussed produce similar or related effects, their
toxicology is discussed together rather than listing
each compound separately, which would have led to a
great deal of repetition. A detailed discussion of the
various chemical reactions, analytical methods for the
determination of the compounds, is not given. The
review has been written with the toxic effects of the
various compounds as the focal point and the litera-
ture cited serves to illustrate these points. No attempt
has been made to present a complete review of the lit-
erature in this area.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Chemical com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Experimental
data, Toxicity, Laboratory animals, Biochemistry,
'Toxic substances, Reprints, Pesticide residues, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Aroclors, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor
1260, T2-4-S herbicide.
PB-279 307/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Copper.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Feb77,125p* ISBN-0-309-02536-2
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 76-57888. Errata
sheet inserted.
The report examines the natural and man-made distri-
bution of copper and its effects on the environment.
Also discussed are the effects of copper on plants,
copper deficiency and toxicosis in animals, the move-
ment of copper from animal wastes to soil, and human
copper metabolism. Recommendations for safe han-
dling and use of copper are given.
Keywords: 'Copper, Toxicology, Metallurgical analy-
sis, Public health, Proteins, Metals, Distribution, Envi-
ronments, Metabolism, Tables(Data), Chemical analy-
sis, Recommendations, Materials handling,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Humans, Industrial medicine,
Toxicity, Concentration(Compositlon), Nutritional defi-
ciencies, Diets, Heavy metals, Ecosystems, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-279 338/8 PC A99/MF A01
Technology and Economics of Industrial Pollution
Abatement.
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
James W. Patterson. Oct 76,619p IIEQ-76-22
This report, prepared for the Illinois Institute for Envi-
ronmental Quality, contains Individual chapters on 23
water pollutants regulated by the State of Illinois. Each
chapter Is intended to identify industrial sources and
typical levels of the pollutant discussed; and to con-
cisely describe available treatment technology for that
pollutant with respect to how each technology oper-
ates and Its limitations, what levels of treatment have
been accomplished in the application of that technol-
ogy, and the economics of each type of technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatments, Illinois, Technology, Economics, Industrial
wastes, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Copper, Cyanides, Fluorides, Iron, Lead(Metal), Man-
ganese, Mercury(Metal), Nickel, Ammonia, Inorganic
nitrates, Oils, pH, Phenols, Selenium, Silver, Zinc.
PB-279 355/2 PC A09/MF A01
Automobile Exhaust Emission Surveillance - Anal-
ysis of the FY 1975 Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
James A. Rutherford. Dec 77,177p EPA/460/3-77/
022
See also report dated Sep 76, PB-268 782.
Through the Office of Air and Waste Management,
EPA contracts with several independent laboratories
to perform dynamometer emission testing of in-use
light duty vehicles. The Emission Factors Testing Pro-
gram is a continuing project administered by the Emis-
sions Control Techology Division, a part of the Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control (MSAPC) program located
in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This report summarizes the
data from the fifth year (FY 75) in the series and up-
dates the sample to include 1976 model year vehicles
as well as provides continued monitoring of previous
model years. State and local agencies, Federal air pol-
lution officials, automobile manufacturers, and con-
cerned citizens can use this summary to estimate the
impact of light duty vehicle emissions on air quality and
to determine conformity of vehicles to the standards
under which they were certified. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Regu-
lations, Statistical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Degradation, Fuel consumption, Manufacturing, Evap-
oration, Carbon monoxide, Sulfates, Tables(Data),
Government policies, Concentration(Composition),
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, 'Automobile exhaust,
'Emission factors, 'Air quality data, Light duty vehi-
cles.
PB-279 357/8 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste.
Municipal Sludge Agricultural Utilization Practices
- An Environmental Assessment. Volume II. Final
rapt,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
K. V. LaConde, R. J. Lofy, and R. P. Stearns. 1978,
437p EPA/530/SW-156c
Contract EPA-68-01-3265
An environmental assessment was performed at nine
study sites across the United States to investigate the
effects of utilizing municipal wastewater treatment
plant sludge for agricultural purposes. The sites repre-
sented a wide range of sludge applications rates,
sludge characteristics, cropping practices, soils, popu-
lation densities, and climatologlcal and geographical
conditions. The assessment included evaluative crite-
ria such as chemical, physical, and microbiological
constituents of sludges; surface and subsurface soil
properties including presence and accumulation of
heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, bacteria, and para-
sites; plant characteristics including heavy metal and
pesticide uptake, and potential contamination by bac-
teria and parasites; public attitudes; landspreading
costs (capital and operational); current and past oper-
ating procedures; and management practices at each
of the nine sites.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Sewage sludge,
'Agricultural products, 'Solid waste disposal, Assess-
ments, Sites, Soil properties, Accumulation, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Microorganisms, Bac-
teria, Surfaces, Population, Pesticides, Regulations,
Climate, Economics, Sampling,
ConcentratlonfComposition), Ground water, Land use.
Heavy metals, 'Land disposal, Macon(Georgia), Las
Vlrgenes(Californla), Wllmlngton(Ohlo),
Springfleld(Mlssouri), Chippewa Fall8(Wlsconsln),
Hopklnsvllle(Kentucky), Frankfort(lndlana),
Kendallvllle(lndiana), Columbus(lndiana).
PB-279 370/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Research and Development In the Environmental
Protection Agency.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Com-
mission on Human Resources.
Jun 77,112p ISBN-0-309-02617-2
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 77-78394.
Report on Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Volume 3.
380 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contents: Environmental protection and research (A
framework for environmental protection, Purposes of
environmental research, Assessing the role of EPA In
environmental research, Coordination of research pro-
grams); Scientific and technical activities In environ-
mental research (Assessment and Integration of avail-
able information, Determination of economic and
social costs, benefits, and risks, Development and
standardization of measurement technology, Develop-
ment of control and process technology, Design of
monitoring systems, Characterization of pollutants and
discharges, Assessment of trends In environmental
quality, Determination of the fates of pollutants, Deter-
mination of the effects of pollutants and other man-
caused environmental disturbances, Investigation of
fundamental physical, chemical, and biological proc-
esses, Analysis and modeling of ecosystems, Investi-
gation of alternative economic, social and legal strate-
gies for environmental management); Organizing the
research and development program In EPA; Planning
and managing research and development In EPA;
Transferring the results of scientific and technical ac-
tivities.
Keywords: 'Environment protection, "Research man-
agement, Effectiveness, Assessments, Coordination,
Management, Planning, Pollution, Contaminants,
Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Ecology, Environ-
mental Impacts, National government, 'Environmental
Protection Agency, Research and development, Envi-
ronment management, Environmental quality, Path of
pollutants, Pollution control, Pollution abatement.
PB-279 383/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Foreign Noise Research In Noise Effects. A
Survey of Foreign Noise Effects Research. Final
Informatics, Inc., Rockvllle, Md.
Miriam Hellman. Jan 78,92p' EPA/550/9-78/101
Contract EPA-68-01-4477
The volume has been compiled from the results of a
survey on foreign noise effects research from 1975-77.
The survey was conducted for the second interagency
noise effects research panel. Included in the volume
are 211 project descriptions, from twenty-two coun-
tries. Projects are reported under the following subject
areas: noise-induced hearing loss, non-auditory health
effects, psychological and performance effects, noise
effects on sleep, communication interference, commu-
nity or collective response, effects of noise on domes-
no animals and wildlife, noise environment determina-
tion, and noise concomitant with vibration.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Research projects, Audi-
tory perception, New Zealand, Japan, France, West
Germany, Auditory defects, Hearing loss, Psychologi-
cal effects, Sleep, Foreign countries, Switzerland,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Great Britain, Iran, Italy,
Czechoslovakia, Domestic animals, Wildlife, Vibration,
Physiological effects, Surveys, Performance(Human),
Responses, Europe, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Hun-
gary, Belgium, Sweden, USSR, Israel, 'Noise pollution,
Environmental health.
PB-279 406/3 PC A08/MF A01
Nearshore Fish and Macrolnvertebrate Assem-
blages Along the Strait of Juan ds Fuca Including
f,ood Habits of Nearshore Fish. Technical memo.,
Rational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
°oulder, Colo. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
Charles A. Slmenstad, Bruce S. Miller, Jeffry N. Cross,
Kurt L. Fresh, and S. Nancy Stelnfort. Dec 77,155p
NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-20. NOAA-78021510
Prepared by Washington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Re-
March Inst.
Jf* response to potential oil shipment to or through the
strait of Juan de Fuca, this baseline study was Initiated
2 document the distribution, abundance, and blomass
°J the nearshore fish, to determine the food habits of
tne fish and to Identify axnd catalogue the macrolnver-
wbrates collected Incidentally with the fish. Seventy
•Pacles of fish were collected by beach seine (demer-
*al fishes) and townet (nerltlc species). Species rich-
"Ms Increased from west to east. Fish were generally
most abundant during the summer; reduced abun-
oances typified winter collections. Standing crop was
greatest during summer and fall and least during winter
and spring. One hundred and fifteen species of ma-
croinvertebrates were collected with the fish. The high-
est values were usually recorded during the spring and
the lowest during the fall.
Keywords: 'Natural resources, 'Oil pollution, 'Fishes,
'Invertebrates, 'Continental shelves, 'Juan de Fuca
Strait, Dlstrlbutlon(Property), Abundance, Blomass,
Feeding habits, Surveys, Water quality, Ocean tem-
perature, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Salinity, Bloassay,
Crustacea, Seasonal variations, Classifications,
Tables(Data), MESA project, 'Outer continental
shelves, Baseline studies, Standing crops, Habitats.
PB-279 409/7 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Houston Urban Plume Study • 1974, Description
and Data. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
James R. Brock. Apr 78,259p EPA/600/3-78-048b
Grant EPA-R803660
The 1974 Houston Urban Plume Study (HUPS) was
undertaken as a preliminary Investigation of some of
the unresolved features of Houston's air pollution
problem. HUPS was Intended specifically to gain limit-
ed information on the spatial and temporal distribution
of air pollutants-partlcularly, primary and secondary
aerosols-ln the Houston area as an aid should a later
Intensive Investigation of aerosol character and trans-
port be needed. Aerial measurements were made of
the principal pollutants (S02, NOx, 03, CO, aerosol) of
the Houston area. Wind-field measurements were also
made. These data were used to estimate pollutant
budgets. Values for SO2 and NOx (14 metric tons/hr
and 40 metric tons/hr, respectively) were reasonably
comparable with values derived from emissions Inven-
tories of the Texas Air Control Board (13 and 24 metric
tons/hr, respectively). On the basis of the limited sam-
pling period, the Industrial area (east of downtown
Houston) apparently Is the major contributor of primary
air pollutants in the Houston area. In the morning hours
above the mixed layer, relatively large ozone concen-
trations (max. 0.2 ppm)--almost certainly of photoche-
mical-origin were found that correlated closely with
light scattering aerosol, thus indicating the existence
above the mixed layer of strong secondary aerosol
sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Plumes, Man-
agement planning, Atmospheric composition, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Carbon monoxide,
Budgets, Texas, Wlnd(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Aerial surveys, Particles,
*Houston(Texas).
PB-279 417/0 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Flue Qas Desulfurlzatlon System Capabilities for
Coal-Fired Steam Generators. Volume II. Techni-
cal Report. Final task rept. Apr-Dec 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
T. Devitt, R. Gerstle, L. Gibbs, S. Hartman, and R. Kller.
Mar 78, 514p* EPA/600/7-78/032b
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
The report discusses the availability of technology for
reducing S02 emissions from coal-fired steam gener-
ators using flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) systems.
Foreign and domestic lime, limestone, double alkali,
magnesium slurry, and Wellman-Lord FGD systems
are described, and the design parameters and operat-
experiences are discussed. Steps that have been
ing
taken to achieve high system operablllty are dis-
cussed. Also, disposal of FGD system wastes is dis-
cussed briefly.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Scrubbers, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Coal prepa-
ration, Substitutes, Technology, Calcium oxides, Mag-
nesium oxides, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Limestone, 'Steam generation, Low sulfur coal,
Wellman-Lord process, Magnesium oxide scrubbing,
Dual akali scrubbing, Limestone scrubbing.
PB-279 440/2 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
A Study of the Feasibility of Utilizing Solid Wsstes
for Building Materials. Phase I Summary Report,
Material Systems Corp., Escondldo, Calif.
B. L Duft, H. Levine, and A. McLeod. Apr 78,164p*
EPA/600/2-78/091
Contract EPA-68-03-2056
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-271 007 and Phase 2
rept, PB-279 441.
This document reports on a study to research and de-
velop building materials containing organic and Inor-
ganic wastes and waste-derived products. A compre-
hensive literature search was conducted to review and
evaluate wastes with potential as matrices, reinforce-
ments, or fillers In building composites. The most
promising candidates were evaluated with limited labo-
ratory studies. From these studies, two types of matri-
ces, furfural-phenolic and Inorganic, were selected for
further study. Seven reinforcement candidates and
five filler candidates were selected for evaluation with
the two matrices.
Keywords: 'Construction materials, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Reclamation, Reinforced
plastics, Management planning, Composite materials,
Reinforcing materials, Fillers, Fly ash, Glass, Agricul-
tural wastes, Cellulose, Fibers, Phenolic resins, Ba-
gasse, Cements, Starches, Llgnin, Wood wastes,
Sludge disposal, Laboratory tests, Performance evalu-
ation, Furfurals, Manure, Rice hulls, Plastic recycling,
Glass recycling, Sewage sludge, Waste recycling.
PB-279 441/0 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
A Study of the Feasibility of Utilizing Solid Wastes
for Building Msterlsls. Phase II. Summary Report,
Material Systems Corp., Escondldo, Calif.
B. L. Duft, H. Levine, A. McLeod, and Y. Tsur. Apr 78,
280p* EPA/600/2-78/092
Contract EPA-68-03-2056
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-271 007 and Phase 1
report, PB-279 440.
This document reports on a study to research and de-
velop building materials containing organic and Inor-
ganic wastes and waste-derived products. Structural
and aesthetic properties of variously formulated com-
posites are evaluated. Limited economic analyses Indi-
cate that several commercially viable products could
be derived from wastes.
Keywords: 'Construction materials, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Reclamation, Agricultural
wastes, Management planning, Composite materials,
Reinforced plastics, Reinforcing materials, Fibers,
Fillers, Fly ash, Glass, Plastics, Wood wastes, Fabrica-
tion, Laboratory tests, Performance evaluation, Build-
Ings, Cost estimates, Waste recycling, Rice hulls, Plas-
tic recycling, Glass recycling.
PB-279 443/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Operations Branch.
Stabilization Ponds - Operations Manual. Final
rept.,
Stevens, Thompson and Runyan, Inc., Portland, Oreg.
Chuck Zlckefoose, and R. B. Joe Hayes. Aug 77,82p
EPA/430/9-77/012
Contract EPA-68-01-3547
The manual contains basics for those wishing to brush
up on fundamentals or get acquainted with types of
ponds, terminology, and factors to consider in oper-
ation. It considers sampling, flow control, and use of in-
formation gained from either visual, nasal, or labora-
tory investigation. Housekeeping and day-to-day activi-
ties are presented, along with a suggested checklist,
which can be adapted lor the Individual plant. The
manual presents a number of potential problems and
gives solutions that other operators have found to be
helpful. Major polrfts are given on safety.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Manuals,
'Lagoons(Ponds), Anaerobic processes, Safety, Aero-
bic processes, Mlcrooiganlsms, Sampling, Water anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Maintenance, Public health,
Tertiary treatment, Anaerobic lagoons.
PB-279 444/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Operations Branch.
Package Treatment Plants - Operations Manual.
Final rept.,
Stevens, Thompson and Runyan, Inc., Portland, Oreg.
December 1983 381
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chuck Zickefoose. Apr 77, 97p' EPA/430/9-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-3547
This manual is designed to give the operator an in-
creased knowledge of the basics and aid in effective
operation of a package treatment plant. It is also di-
rected to the plant owner and the design engineer. It
contains detailed descriptions of the duties and re-
sponsibilities of the owner. For the engineer, the pur-
poses are two-fold. It provides additional information
that can be used wholly or in part with an O&M manual
written for a specific plant. In addition, it can aid the
consulting engineer in the selection of a plant by point-
ing out design problems found in some package
plants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Manuals, Activated
sludge, Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Stabiliza-
tion, Aeration, Oxidation, Design criteria, Management
planning, Maintenance, Equipment.
PB-279 448/5 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Field Manual for Performance Evaluation and
Troubleshooting at Municipal Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. Final rept,
Culp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, El
Dorado Hills, Calif.
Gordon L Culp, and Nancy Folks Heim. Jan 78,411p*
EPA/430/9-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4418
Supersedes PB-228 849.
The intent of this manual is to serve as a technical field
guide or reference document for use in improving the
performance of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Plants. It will also provide a troubleshooting guide for
identifying, analyzing and solving problems.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Manuals, Centrifuga-
tion, Activated carbon, Performance evaluation, In-
spection, Process charting, Design criteria, Size
screening, Shredding, Roasting, Grinding(Materials re-
moval), Grit removal, Clarification, Activated sludge
process, Trickling filters, Lagoons(Ponds), Contactors,
Chlorination, Ozonation, Filtration, Nitrification, Floc-
culation, Carbonation, Incinerators, Thermal degrada-
tion, Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), Anaerobic
process, Aerobic processes, Thickening,
Tables(Data), Activated biofilter process, Land prepa-
ration, Land disposal.
PB-279 449/3 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Operations Manual - Sludge Handling and Condi-
tioning. Final rept.,
Culp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, El
Dorado Hills, Calif.
William F. Ettlich, Daniel J. Hinrichs, and Thomas S.
Uneck. Feb 78,355p* EPA/430/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4424
See also report dated Feb 74, PB-256 612.
The overall objective of the manual is to provide guid-
ance In the proper operation and maintenance of var-
ious sludge processing, conditioning and disposal sys-
tems at wastewater treatment plants. Emphasis is
placed on the establishment of good operational pro-
cedures, proper testing, and effective measures and
procedures for detection and correction of operational
problems.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Municipalities, Manuals, Operations, Mainte-
nance, Aerobic digestion, Design, Process control,
Lagoons(Ponds), Sludge drying, Centrifuging, Dewa-
tenng, Vacuum filtration, Thickening, Pressure filtra-
tion, Sludge disposal, Earth fills, Safety, Heating.
PB-279 451/9 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Hyperflttratlon for Renovation of Composite
Waste Water at Eight Textile Finishing Plants.
Final rept. Aug 74-Oct 77,
South Carolina Textile Manufacturers Association, Co-
lumbia.
Craig A. Brandon, John J. Porter, and Donald K. Todd.
Mar 78,247p EPA/600/2-78/047
Grant EPA-S-802973
Prepared in cooperation with Clemson Univ., S.C.
The report gives results of field evaluations of hyperfil-
tration at eight plants as a way to renovate composite
wastewaters from textile finishing plants. The evalua-
tions included performance assessment of different
types of commercially available membranes, reuse of
both renovated water and waste concentrates, and the
treatability of wastewater concentrates by convention-
al means. On-site field tests involved a mobile hyperfil-
tration laboratory. Both cellulose acetate and dynamic
membranes, when used with the manufacturers' rec-
ommended pretreatment, proved feasible for
wastewater renovation. When 90% of the feed was re-
covered, the renovated water was satisfactory for
reuse in scouring, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing.
Successful reuse of the residual concentrates, 10% of
the feed, containing significant quantities of dyes and
chemicals, was not generally demonstrated. However,
treatability of the residual concentrate by conventional
waste treatment processes produced effluent equiva-
lent in quality to current composite plant discharges.
Preliminary operating costs are projected for full-scale
systems utilizing cellulose acetate membranes to treat
composite wastewater. Savings may be possible from
recycled process water, recovery of chemicals and
dyestuffs, and use of recycled water at, or near, oper-
ating temperature (instead of lower temperature fresh
water).
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Water pollution control,
'Reverse osmosis, Field tests, Membranes, Cellulose
acetate, Dyes, Materials-recovery, Filtration, Renovat-
ing, Feasibility, Performance evaluation, Laboratory
equipment, Water reclamation, Process charting, Dy-
namic membranes, Waste water reuse.
PB-279 462/6 PC A12/MF A01
National Water Quality Inventory 1976 Report to
Congress. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Jun 77,258p EPA/440/9-76/024
See also Volume 1, PB-257 627, and Volume 2, PB-
257 628.
The 1976 National Water Quality Inventory is an Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency report to Congress
which summarizes State water quality reports to Con-
gress. Major topics included in this report are: Con-
tamination from toxic substances, assessments of the
percentage of water currently meeting the goals of the
Act and the percentage expected to meet those goals
by 1983, and an analysis of the effectiveness of cur-
rent pollution control programs. Continued water qual-
ity problems are reported with excessive bacterial
levels limiting recreational uses of water in many
areas, high nutrient levels causing eutrophication prob-
lems, and low dissolved oxygen levels occurring in
many smaller streams which receive large volumes of
waste. However, improvements are noted in both bac-
terial and dissolved oxygen levels in many areas as
municipal and industrial treatment plants are installed.
The State reports emphasized problem with toxic pol-
lutants, particularly heavy metals, pesticides and in-
dustrial chemicals. Special chapters in this report de-
scribe pollution problems in the Great Lakes and pro-
vide a summary of problems from oil spills.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Water pollution, Inven-
tories, Rivers, Streams, Sources, Bacteria, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Concentration(Composition),
States(United States), Great Lakes, Nutrients, Metals,
Pesticides, Sewage treatment, Industries, Municipal-
ities, Trends, National government, Eutrophication.
PB-279 464/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants, Platinum-Group Metals.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
Nov 77,138p« ISBN-0-309-02640-7
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 77-90130.(PC
A07/MFA01).
The purpose of the document is to assemble, orga-
nize, and evaluate all pertinent information (up to April
1976) about the effects on man and his environment
that result either directly or indirectly from pollution by
platinum-group metals: indium, osmium, palladium,
platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium. The document de-
scribes physical and chemical properties, sources,
measurement, and effects of plants, animals, and
humans. The information presented is supported by
references to the scientific literature, and the sum-
mary, conclusions, and recommendations represent a
consensus of the members of the Subcommittee.
Keywords: 'Iridium, 'Platinum, 'Precious metals, 'Pal-
ladium, 'Rhodium, 'Ruthenium, 'Osmium, Allergic dis-
eases, Recommendations, Toxicology, Pharmacology,
Tables(Data), Plants(Botany), Animals, Measurement,
Humans, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Production, Sources, Platinum organic compounds,
Platinum inorganic compounds, Physiological effects,
Analyzing, Determination, Biological effects, Environ-
mental health, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-279 469/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Sediment and Water Quality: A Review of the Lit-
erature Including a Suggested Approach for
Water Quality Criteria with Summary of Workshop
and Conclusions and Recommendations,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Research Inst.
Robert N. Iwamoto, Ernest 0. Salo, Mary Ann Made),
R. Lynn McComas, and Robert L. Rulifson. Feb 78,
253p* EPA/910/9-78/048
A review of the literature dealing with physical and bio-
logical aspects of sedimentation in the lotic environ-
ment was compiled. Over 300 annotated and 100 un-
annotated references are included. These were used
as a resource for a workshop on needs for an alterna-
tive to turbidity measurements as a water quality crite-
rion. Also included are a summary of the current state
of investigations on stream sediments and turbidity
measurements as a criterion. These include: composi-
tion of bed material, behavioral aspects of aquatic
fauna, and clinical measurements of physiological
functions as a measure of stress. The more significant
conclusions are that sedimentation of the stream's
substrate, particularly the gravel used for spawning,
produces significant detrimental effects on the sal-
monid resources. Turbidity measurements are useful
indicators of general quantities of suspended sedi-
ment; but they are difficult to relate to biological signifi-
cance. In relation to logging the Best Management
Practices (BMP) concept appears to be the most prac-
tical, but BMP should be monitored by a set of criteria
that are suggested.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Sedimentation, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Streams, Bed load, Aquatic animals, Turbidity,
Stress(Physiology), Land use, Substrates, Suspended
sediments, Animal behavior, Reproduction(Biology),
Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Sediment transport, Lum-
bering, Reviews, Water pollution effect(Animals).
PB-279 474/1 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Operations Branch.
Process Control Manual for Aerobic Biological
Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Final rept.,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Walnut Creek, Calif.
Ronald A. Tsugita, Dennis C. W. Decoite, and Larry
Russell. Mar 77,335p* EPA/430/9-77/006
This document provides an on-the-job reference for
operators of activated sludge and trickling filter
wastewater treatment plants. It will also assist opera-
tors In establishing process control techniques and op-
timizing the performance of these two aerobic biologi-
cal treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Manuals, Aerobic
processes, Activated sludge process, Trickling filtra-
tion, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
Design criteria, Microorganisms, Water analysis, Sam-
pling, Aeration, Chemical analysis, Process control.
PB-279 520/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Who's Who In Federal Noise Programs. A Directo-
ry of Federal Professionals Involved In Noise
Abatement and Noise Research.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Dec 77,155p* EPA/550/9-78/300
Contract EPA-68-01-4477
The document is a directory of Federal Noise Person-
nel engaged in noise abatement and noise research
382 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
activities. Its purpose is to facilitate communication
among members of the Federal Noise Community.
The Environmental Protection Agency is publishing it
in partial fulfillment of its responsibilities under Section
4 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (PL 92-574).
Keywords: "Directories, "Professional personnel,
'Noise reduction, Government employees, National
government, Engineering, Health, Law(Jurisprudence),
Land use, Auditory perception, Research, Noise pollu-
tion abatement, Noise Control Act of 1972, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB-279 534/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume IV. Environmental Moni-
toring.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Appraisal of Societal Consequences of Trans-
portation Noise Abatement.
Feb 77,195p' ISBN-0-309-02639-3
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
See also Volume 1, PB-266 025. Library of Congress
Catalog Card no. 77-86463.
The report takes a critical look at current monitoring
programs, suggests needed monitoring, and recom-
mends methods to Improve the collection and use of
scientific data for environmental management. This is
a report for professionals in all areas of environmental
protection.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Monitoring, 'Research man-
agement, Sources, Objectives, Recommendations,
Data processing, Assessments, Research projects, Air
pollution, Ecology, Animals, Plants(Botany), Water pol-
lution, Soils, Public health, Aquatic biology, Statistical
data, National government.
PB-279 53S/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume VII. Pesticide Decision
Making.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Appraisal of Societal Consequences of Trans-
portation Noise Abatement.
Jan 78,125p* ISBN-0-309-02734-9
Contract EPA-68-01 -2430
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 77-94524.
The report assesses the role of scientists and techni-
cians in implementing the amended Federal Insecti-
cide and Rodenticide Act. Also Included are: reviews
of risk/benefit assessments in pesticide regulations;
exemptions from EPA regulations; the scientific input
into the administrative hearings held by EPA to deter-
mine whether the use of a pesticide should be can-
celled or suspended; and EPA's conduct of its respon-
sibility to establish tolerance for pesticide residues
under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act.
transportation, Trends, National government, Property
values.
PB-279 543/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Survey of Flue Qas Desulfurlzation Systems:
Green River Station, Kentucky Utilities. Subtask
final rept. Jan-Jun 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Mar 78,72p EPA/600/7-78/
048e
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
sulfurization (FGD) system retrofitted to Boilers 1, 2,
and 3 at the Green River Station of Kentucky Utilities.
The FGD system consists of one wet lime scrubber
module designed to handle a maximum of 170 cu m/
sec (360,000 afcm) of flue gas at 149C (300F). The
scrubber module contains a variable-throat venturi
with a flooded elbow for fly ash removal and a mobile-
bed contactor for SO2 removal. The flue gas cleaning
wastes are discharged from the reaction tank to an on-
site clay-lined settling pond. Clear water is recycled
from the pond to the system for further use. The
system was started up in September 1975 and was
certified commercial in January 1976. Ensuing FGD
operations revealed a number of major problems
which required the utility and the system supplier to
repair and replace the scrubber stack shell and liner,
install a steam tube air injection reheat system, and
modify (and possibly replace) the system's mist elimi-
nator. The FGD system was in service 6046 hours in
1976 and 1964 hours in 1977 (November).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boilers, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Calcium oxides, Design
criteria, Limestone, Performance evaluation, Wet
methods.
PB-279 546/6 PC A08/MF A01
Inorganic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams. Training Manual. Final rept.
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Nov 77,160p* EPA/430/1-77/013
A lecture/laboratory manual deals with the analysis of
selected Inorganic pollutants. The manual is an In-
structional aid for classroom presentations to those
with little or no experience in the field, but having one
year (or equivalent) of college level inorganic chemis-
try and having basic laboratory skills (volumetric glass-
ware, tltration assemblies, analytical balances). Topics
include: acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chlorine, total
phosphorus, fluoride, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen, total
and suspended solids, turbidity and specific conduc-
tance, sample handling, accuracy, precision and error
of data laboratory safety practices and elements of
quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Pesticides, De- Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Manuals, 'Inorganic
"'"' '-- '- J ' -• ~ ' - compounds, Acidity, Alkalinity. pH, Chlorine inorganic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Phos-
phorus inorganic compounds, Fluorides, Inorganic ni-
trates, Nitrites, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Solids,
Particles, Turbidity, Sampling, Performance evaluation,
Error analysis, Safety, Quality assurance, Accuracy,
Precision, Volumetric analysis, Ammonia, Hardness
tests, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution detection.
cislon making, Law(Jurisprudence), Risk, Regulations,
Licenses, Public health, Toxic tolerances, Proposals,
evaluation, National government, Recommendations,
Assessments, Implementation.
PB-279 536/7 PC A10/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
jection Agency. Volume VIII. Noise Abatement:
policy Alternatives for Transportation.
Jwnonal Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Appraisal of Societal Consequences of Trans-
potation Noise Abatement.
XCt77,203p* ISBN-0-309-02648-2
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 77-87121.
The report is a comprehensive discussion of the policy
ana legal issues involved in Noise Abatement Pro-
flrams. It includes: information on the distribution of
noise in the U.S., the trends in noise generation, the
methods of noise measurement. It also provides an
analysis of cost/benefit calculations with some Illustra-
Keywords: 'Transportation, 'Government policies,
Noise pollution, Law(Jurisprudence), Noise reduction,
sources, Measurement, Decision making, Benefit cost
analysis, Public health, Airports, Highways, Cargo
PB-279 547/4 PC A09/MF A01
Organic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grama. Training Manual.
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dec 77,193p' EPA/430/1-77/014
Supersedes PB-261 260, PB-261 318, PB-224 212 and
PB-238893.
A lecture/laboratory manual deals with the analysis of
selected organic pollutants. It Is Intended for use by
those having little or no experience In the field, but
having one year (or equivalent) of college organic
chemistry, and having basic laboratory skills (volumet-
ric glassware, tltration assemblies, analytical and trip
balances). Topics Include dissolved oxygen, biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, carbon
analysis, chemical oxygen demand, surfactants, oil
and grease phenolics, gas chromatography, and poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Manuals, 'Organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Organic ni-
trates, Carbon, Surfactants, Phenols, Oils, Greases,
Gas chromatography, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composltion), Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Nitrites, Photometry, Pesticides, Quality as-
surance, Numerical analysis, Chemical oxygen
demand, Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Water pollution
detection, Winkler test, Kjeldahl method, 'Water qual-
ity.
PB-279 551/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Aspects of State-Wide Emergency Response Pro-
grams for Municipal Wastewater treatment Facili-
ties Programs. Final rept.
Wiley and Wilson, Inc., Lynchburg, Va.
Mar 74,74p EPA/430/9-74/014
Contract EPA-88-01-0341
This document provides information to assist in the de-
velopment of State emergency programs in respond-
ing to spills of raw or inadequately treated municipal
wastewater. It emphasizes the legal aspects of spill re-
porting, the definition of a reportable spill, and State-
wide aspects of emergency response planning.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Spills, Regulations,
Water pollution, State government, Management plan-
ning, water quality.
PB-279 565-T PC A14/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Medical Geography (Medlslnskaya Qeograflya),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
A. D. Lebedev. 1978,302p TT-74-52002
Trans, of Gosudarstvennyl Komitet Soveta Ministrov
SSSR po Nauke I Tekhnlke, Moscow, v5 1972. Spon-
sored In part by National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, D.C. Special Foreign Currency Science Infor-
mation Program.
Contents:
The geography of melioldosls;
Landscape and geographical regularities of
distribution of alveococcus, part I - USSR;
Geographical distribution of onchocerclasls in the
countries of the world.
Keywords: 'Melioldosls, 'Infectious diseases, Parasit-
ic diseases, Bacterial diseases, Helminthic diseases,
Fflariasis, Epidemiology, Bacteria, Worms, Parasites,
Tropical regions, Humans, Wildlife, Domestic animals,
Disease vectors, Insect vectors, Ecology, Geography,
Translations, USSR, "Echlnococcus, 'Onchocercla-
sfs.
PB-279 566/4 PC A09/MF A01
Pest Control: An Assessment of Present and Al-
ternative Technologies. Volume II. Corn/Soy-
bean* Pest Control.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Study
on Problems of Pest Control.
Feb 76,181 p ISBN-0-309-02411 -0
See also Volume 3, PB-279 567. Library of Congress
Catalog Card no. 75-34687. Report of the Corn/Soy-
beans Study Team.
This study of current and prospective pest control
strategies focuses on the problems Involving commer-
cial corn and soybean production for feed purposes. It
examines current pest control practices, direct and in-
direct benefits and costs, and future implications of the
current trends in pest control. A broad look at future
prospects assumes considerable importance of corn
and soybeans In view of world food shortages and
shifts In U.S. farm policy.
Keywords: 'Corn plants, 'Soybean plants, 'Pest con-
trol, Assessments, Benefit cost analysis, Insect con-
trol, Seeds, Planting, Weed control, Insects, Losses,
Herbicides, Damage, Cost comparison, Toxlcity, Plant
diseases, Fungicides, Policies, Recommendations,
United States.
December 1983 383
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-279 567/2 PC A07/MF A01
Pot Control: An Assessment of Present and Al-
ternative Technologies. Volume III. Cotton Pest
Control.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Study
on Problems of Pest Control.
Feb 76,1 SOp ISBN-0-309-02412-9
See also Volume 2, PB-279 566, and Volume 4, PB-
279 568. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 75-
37180. Report of the Cotton Study Team.
Profitable cotton production In the United States de-
pends upon the successful application of good man-
agement practices to a wide range of soil and climatic
conditions. Topics discussed In this volume Include: (a)
The range of future economic environments In which
cotton might be produced; (b) market conditions and
other factors that affect cotton production; (c) Informa-
tion sources for new farming techniques; (d) regulatory
factors, such as cotton variety control and human
health and safety requirements; and (e) other develop-
ments In the cotton Industry with potential Impact on
pest control.
Keywords: 'Cotton plants, 'Pest control, Economic
factors, Market research, Education, Regulations,
Weed control, Public health, Safety, Trends, Cultiva-
tion, Planting, Licenses, Herbicides, Insecticides, Arth-
ropoda, Insects, Life cycles, Mathematical models.
PB-279 668/0 PC A09/MF A01
Pest Control: An Assessment of Present and Al-
ternative Technologies. Volume IV. Forest Peat
Control.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Study
on Problems of Pest Control.
Feb 76,182p ISBN-0-309-02413-7
See also Volume 3, PB-279 567, and Volume 5, PB-
279 569. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 75-
37297. Report of the Forest Study Team.
In this volume, forest pest control policy Is viewed as
part of the broader policies of forest management prin-
ciples and objectives. The text discusses the nature of
forest pest problems involving the pathological stress
of abiotic and biotic disease agents, insects, verte-
brate pests, and weeds and other plant pests. The
report also provides an overview of the legal proce-
dures and cultural controls of contemporary practices,
highlighting pest control strategies in specific manage-
ment situations.
Keywords: 'Forestry, 'Pest control, Assessments,
Forest land, Land use, Management, Ecology, Plant
diseases, Plant pathology, Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses,
Nematoda, Weed control, Government policies, Na-
tional government, State government, Constraints, In-
sects, Conservation, Trends, 'Forest management.
PB-279 569/8 PC A13/MF A01
Pest Control: An Assessment of Present and Al-
ternative Technologies. Volume V. Pest Control
and Public Health.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Study
on Problems of Pest Control.
Feb 76,297p ISBN-0-309-02414-5
See also Volume 4, PB-279 568. Library of Congress
Catalog, Card no. 75-45777. Report of the Public
Health Study Team.
Many worldwide public health problems produced by
vector-borne disease remain unsolved, and man's
changing life-styles constantly create new problems.
In this volume, a general Introduction to the problem is
followed by an analysis of contemporary public health
practices and the use of pesticides for public health
purposes In the United States. The report discusses
arthropods of public health Importance as international
problems and considers alternative tactics and strate-
gies to the use of conventional pesticides. Also consid-
ered are the consequences In less-developed nations
of new public health technologies and the more Inten-
sive agricultural technologies.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Pest control, Assess-
ments, Arthropods, Disease vectors, Insect vectors,
Dlptera, Ticks, Lice, Cullcidae, Pesticides, Developing
countries, Economic analysis, Research projects, In-
ternational relations, Sanitation, Agriculture, Parasites,
Technology.
PB-279 572/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Three Industrial Partlculate Scrub-
bers. Final rept. Mar 75-Dec 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Seymour Calvert, Harry F. Barbarlka, and Gary M.
Monahan. Feb 78,99p EPA/600/2-78/032
Contract EPA-68-02-1889
The report gives results of field measurements, carried
out on three full scale Industrial scrubbers to determine
scrubber performance characteristics, Including parti-
cle collection efficiency as a function of particle diame-
ter. The three scrubbers were different gas-atomized
spray types with pressure drops ranging from 54 to 178
cm W.C. Their performance on major sources of fine
particle emissions was compared to a mathematical
performance model for venturl scrubbers.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Fines, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Par-
ticles, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Com-
parison, 'Gas atomized spray scrubbers, 'Venturl
scrubbers.
PB-279 594-SET PC E16
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control ProgramsDevelopment Dlv.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
Nov77,385p-in7v
Set Includes PB-279 595 thru PB-279 601.
No abstract available.
PB-279 595/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control Programs Development Div.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book One. Posi-
tive Crankcase Ventilation Systems. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77,48p* EPA/450/3-77/036
Grants EPA-T008-135-01-0, EPA-T900-621-01-0
See also Book 2, PB-279 596.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
This book is one of a series designed specifically to
teach the concepts of automobile emissions control
systems. It Is intended to assist the practicing mechan-
ic or the home mechanic to better understand the
Positive Crankcase Ventilation Systems which are an
integral part of automobiles today. The mechanic's in-
creased knowledge should help him keep 'emissions
controlled' vehicles operating as designed. Respect-
able fuel economy, performance and driveability, as
well as cleaner air, can be obtained from the auto-
mobile engine that has all of its emissions systems
functioning properly.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
als, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Education, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Crankcase, Inspection, Ignition time,
Design criteria, Automobiles, 'Positive crankcase ven-
tilation, Autoinstructional aids.
PB-279 598/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control ProgramsDevelopment Dlv.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book Two.
Thermostatlc Air Cleaner Systems. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77, 53p* EPA/450/3-77/037
Grants EPA-T008-135-01 -0, EPA-T900-621 -01-0
See also Book 1, PB-279 595, and Book 3, PB-279
597.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
The next emissions control system we will examine Is
the Thermostatlc Air Cleaner system, abbreviated
TAC. The TAC system helps In controlling auto emis-
sions and also increases vehicle performance and dri-
veability. This book contains: Introduction to emissions
control (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of ni-
trogen, formation of hydrocarbons, formation of
carbon monoxide, formation of oxides of nitrogen, igni-
tion timing, and carburetion); System introduction;
System/component purpose--(thermostatic type air
cleaner, vacuum override motor, air valve type air
cleaner, and air bleed valve-temperature sensor);
System/component function (thermostatic type air
cleaner, vacuum override motor, and air valve type air
cleaner); system inspection; system testing (thermos-
tatic type air cleaner test, vacuum override motor test
and, air valve type air cleaner test).
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
als, 'Air cleaners, 'Exhaust emissions, *Alr pollution
control equipment, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Ignition time, Carburetors, Design
criteria, Inspection, Automobiles, Manifolds, Air fuel
ratio, Autoinstructional aids.
PB-279 597/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control ProgramsDevelopment Dlv.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book Three. Air
Injection Reaction Systems. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77,50p* EPA/450/3-77/038
Grants EPA-T008-135-01-0, EPA-T900-621-01-0
See also Book 2, PB-279 596, and Book 4, PB-279
598.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
SET.
This book is one of a series designed specifically to
teach the concepts of automobile emissions control
systems. It Is intended to assist the practicing mechan-
ic or the home mechanic to better understand the Air
Injection Reaction Systems which are an integral part
of automobiles today. The mechanic's Increased
knowledge should help him keep 'emissions con-
trolled' vehicles operating as designed. Respectable
fuel economy, performance and driveability, as well as
cleaner air, can be obtained from the automobile
engine that has all of its emissions systems functioning
properly.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
als, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monox-
ide, Ignition time, Carburetors, Automobiles, Educa-
tion, Inspection, Air intakes, Manifolds, Autoinstruc-
tional aids.
PB-279 598/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control ProgramsDevelopment Div.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book Four. Fuel
Evaporation Control Systems. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77, 53p' EPA/450/3-77/039
Grants EPA-T008-135-01-0, EPA-T900-621-01-0
See also Book 3, PB-279 597, and Book 5, PB-279
599.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
SET.
This book Is one of a series designed specifically to
teach the concepts of automobile emissions control
systems. It Is Intended to assist the practicing mechan-
ic or the home mechanic to better understand the Fuel
Evaporation Control Systems which are an Integral
part of automobiles today. The mechanic's Increased
knowledge should help him keep 'emissions con-
trolled' vehicles operating as designed. Respectable
fuel economy, performance and driveability, as well as
cleaner air, can be obtained from the automobile
engine that has all of Its emissions systems functioning
properly.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
als, 'Fuel systems, "Air pollution control equipment,
Education, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydro-
carbons, Evaporation, Ignition time, Carburetors,
Crankcase fumes, Exhaust emissions, Fuel tanks,
Manifolds, Automobiles, Air fuel ratio, Autoinstructional
aids.
PB-279 599/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control Programs Development Dlv.
384 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book Five. Ex-
haust Gas Raclrculatlon System*. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzl, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77,68p* EPA/450/3-77/040
Grants EPA-T008-135-01 -0, EPA-T900-621 -01-0
See also Book 4, PB-279 598, and Book 6, PB-279
600.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
SET.
This book is one of a series designed specifically to
teach the concepts of automobile emissions control
systems. It is intended to assist the practicing mechan-
ic or the home mechanic to better understand the Ex-
haust Gas Recirculation Systems which are an integral
part of automobiles today. The mechanic's increased
knowledge should help him keep 'emissions con-
trolled' vehicles operating as designed. Respectable
fuel economy, performance and driveability, as well as
cleaner air, can be obtained from the automobile
engine that has all of its emissions systems functioning
properly.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Instructional materials,
'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Ig-
nition time, Education, Inspection, Carburetors, Spark
ignition, Air fuel ratio, Autoinstructional aids.
PB-279 600/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control ProgramsDevetopment Dlv.
Motor Vehicle Emission Control. Book Six. Spark
Control Systems. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Gagazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77,68p' EPA/450/3-77/041
Grants EPA-T008-135-01-0, EPA-T900-621-01-0
See also Book 5, PB-279 599, and Book 7, PB-279
601.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
This book is one of a series designed specifically to
teach the concepts of automobile emissions control
systems. It is intended to assist the practicing mechan-
ic or the home mechanic to better understand the Air
Injection Reaction Systems which are an Integral part
of automobiles today. The mechanic's increased
knowledge should help him keep 'emissions con-
trolled' vehicles operating as designed. Respectable
fuel economy, performance and driveability, as well as
cleaner air, can be obtained from the automobile
engine that has all of its emissions systems functioning
properly.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
al, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Ignition time, Education, Inspection, Auto-
mobiles, Carburetors, Spark ignition, Ignition systems,
Timing circuits, Autoinstructional aids.
PB-279 601/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control Programs Development Div.
Motor Vehicle Emissions Control. Book Seven.
Catalytic Converter System*. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
|- D. Hayes, M. T. Maness, R. A. Ragazzi, and R. A.
Barrett. Nov 77,45p' EPA/450/3-77/042
grants EPA-T008-135-01 -0, EPA-T900-621 -01 -0
fee also Book 6, PB-279 600.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-279 594-
2^t r.
Contents: Introduction to Emissions Control (hydrocar-
bons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, formation
°< hydrocarbons, formation of carbon monoxide, for-
mation of oxides of nitrogen, ignition timing, and car-
"Uretion); System introduction; System/component
Purpose; System/component function (monolith type
converter, pellet type converter, catalysts, and catalyst
Pfotection systems); System Inspection; System test-
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Instructional materi-
9|s, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment. Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide. Inspection, Ignition time, Automobiles, Education,
Carburetion, Manifolds, 'Catalytic converters, Autoin-
structional aids.
PB-279 607/6 PC A04/MF A01
Laboratories Needed to Support Long-Term Ex-
ploratory Research In the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency - A Report to the President and
the Congress, March 31,1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Dennis Tirpak. Apr 78,56p EPA/600/8-78/003
This report examines alternative laboratory ap-
proaches by which EPA could conduct long-term envi-
ronmental research. The report was prepared in re-
sponse to a Congressional request contained in Sec.
6(b) of the Environmental Protection Agency's Re-
search and Development Act of 1978. In order to pre-
pare the report, over 100 scientists and managers In
twenty (20) Agencies and Laboratories were Inter-
viewed and numerous people within EPA were con-
tacted. The Science Advisory Board of EPA participat-
ed in all phases of the reports preparation. Four sub-
ject areas are treated in the report. (1) The history of
EPA-revlews how EPA's present laboratories were
formed, discusses conceptually how the R and D proc-
ess flows within EPA and presents evidence to indi-
cate that long-term Exploratory research is being con-
ducted by EPA; (2) areas needing enhanced explorato-
ry research-presents a brief review of the eleven re-
search areas which are identified as representative of
those which could benefit from enhanced long-term
support; (3) mechanisms used by other agencies-dis-
cusses the advantages and disadvantages of usingjn-
dividual grants ana contracts, Federal Contract Re-
search Centers, University or other private centers,
and Federal Laboratories for conducting long-term re-
search; and (4) the options for conducting long-term
Exploratory activities within EPA are discussed.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Government agencies, Re-
quirements, Management planning, Project planning,
Research management, National government. Grants,
Contracts, Recommendations, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB-279 615/9 PC A07/MF A01
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineer-
ing.
An Evaluation of Personal Sampling Pump* In
Sub-Zero Temperature*.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Carl D. Parker, Martin B. Lee, and Joan C. Sharpe. Dec
77,133pDHEW/PUB/NIOSH-78/117,, EPA/600/7-
77/145
Contract PHS-NIOSH-210-74-0124
Personal sampling pumps suitable for industrial hy-
giene surveys were evaluated to discover their charac-
teristics as a function of temperature for temperatures
between 25 and -50C. The pumps evaluated were sig-
nificantly influenced by low temperatures. In general,
most provided a sampling capability at -10 to -20C, but
were marginal at lower temperatures. None were
useful at -50C. Most of the pumps survived low tem-
perature exposures to -50C without significant
damage. The Nickel-Cadmium batteries which power
these pumps are concluded to be the most suitable
available. Although the energy available from these
batteries is significantly reduced at low temperature, a
large percentage of the nominal energy Is available at -
20C and some energy at -40C. These batteries are not
useful at -50C. It is recommended that additional In-
vestigations be completed before standards for per-
sonal sampling pumps suitable for low temperatures
are promulgated.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Pumps, 'Samplers,
Environmental surveys, Coal dust, Low temperature
tests, Evaluation, Standards, Electric batteries, Cadmi-
um, Nickel, Air sampling.
PB-279 617/5 PC A06/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Chemistry and Physics Lab.
Development of Scanning Electron Microscopy
for Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Concen-
tration*. Final rept Nov 73-Dec 74,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa.
Amltav Pattnaik, and John D. Meakin. Jan 75,90p
EPA/650/2-75/029
Contract EPA-68-02-1268
The methodology that was developed at the Franklin
Institute Research Laboratories (FIRL) under the EPA
Contract No. 68-02-0544, for the determination of air-
borne asbestos has been perfected and developed
further. Moreover, the newly perfected technique has
been applied to point source, near point source and
ambient air samples. This report describes the analyt-
ical method which employs a scanning electron micro-
scope equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analysis
for the Identification and counting of airborne asbes-
tos. The specimens, prepared in a unique manner, are
suitable for image analysis and for a possible automat-
ed counting system. Results of the analysis on air-
borne asbestos are presented, and limitations and ad-
vantages of the present techniques are discussed.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Gas detectors, Aerial surveys,
Electron microscopy, X ray analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Samples, Fluorescence, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Air pollution, 'Air pollution detection,
'Scanning electron microscopy, Point sources.
PB-279 625/8 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
US/USSR Symposium on Partlculate Control
(Second) Held at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina on May 25-28,1977. Final rept. Jun-Dec 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Franklin A. Aver. Mar 78,271 p* EPA/600/7-78/037
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-262 602.
Papers were presented by Soviet specialists from re-
search design institutes and industry, and by repre-
sentatives of US government agencies and the private
sector. Topics included: electrostatic precipltator
(ESP) research and application, ESP gas flow model-
ing, ESP rapping and reentrainment, ESP reliability,
ESP modeling, flue gas conditioning, high-temperature
ESP application, use of fabric filters in the US cement
Industry, emission standards, state-of-the-art of mist
eliminators, mist eliminator testing, particle size distri-
bution measurement in the micron and submicron
ranges, dust resistivity and back-corona formation in
ESPs, and fly ash composition and its effect on resis-
tivity.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Meetings, Electric
fields, Particle size distribution, USSR, Electrostatic
precipltators, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Mathematical models, Maintenance, Gas flow, Fly ash,
Electrical resistivity, Dust, Performance evaluation, Air
filters, Cement, Flue gases, High temperature tests,
Electric corona, Technology, Calcium oxides, Lime,
Limestone, Standards, Fabric filters, Mist eliminators,
Coal fired power plants.
PB-279 635/7 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Controlling SO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Generators: Water Pollution
Impact. Volume I. Executive Summary- Final task
rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
R. L. Sugarek, and T. G. Sipes. Mar 78,34p' EPA/
600/7-78/0458
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also Volume 2, PB-279 636.
The report gives results of one task in a comprehen-
sive program to review a New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for S02 emissions from coal-fired
steam-electric generating plants. The results compare
two alternative standard to the existing NSPS (1.2 Ib
S02/milllon Btu of heat input): (1) 0.5 Ib SO2/million
Btu of heat input, allowing credit (as does the existing
NSPS) for physical coal cleaning or use of low sulfur
coal; and (2) 90% removal of SO2 from stack gases,
regardless of original coal sulfur content. The compari-
sons are In terms of their effect on the quality and
quantity of power plant wastewater effluents and on
the amount of plant water consumption.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
•Electric power plants, 'Water pollution, Water con-
sumption, Steam electric power generation, Industrial
wastes, Coal preparation, Desulfurtzatlon, Compari-
son, Technology, Substitutes, Flue gases, Scrubbers,
Limestone, Calcium oxides, 'Coal fired power plants,
Air pollution abatement, Water quality, Stationary
sources.
December 1983 385
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-279 636/5 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Controlling SO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Generators: Water Pollution
Impact. Volume II. Technical Discussion. Final task
rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
R. L. Sugarek, and T. G. Sipes. Mar 78,268p* EPA/
600/7-78-045b
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also Volume 1, PB-279 635.
The report gives results of one task in a comprehen-
sive program to review the New Source Performance
Standard (NSPS) for SO2 emissions from coal-fired
steam-electric generating plants. The results compare
two alternative standards to the existing NSPS (1.2 Ib
S02/million Btu of heat input): (1) 0.5 Tb SO2/million
Btu of heat input, allowing credit (as does the existing
NSPS) for physical coal cleaning or use of low sulfur
coal; and (2) 90% removal of S02 from stack gases,
regardless of original coal sulfur content. The compari-
sons are in terms of their effect on the quality and
quantity of power plant wastewater effluents and on
the amount of plant water consumption. Potential ef-
fects of SO2 control system effluents on the environ-
ment are evaluated, and alternative treatment proc-
esses are discussed. A total of 108 plant systems were
discussed, including combinations of three NSPS, five
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, five coal types,
four plant sizes, and sulfur removal by coal cleaning.
Volumes and quality of wastewater streams varied
very little from one alternative NSPS to another; all
streams can be treated adequately using commercially
available technologies. However, the alternative
standards increase total water consumption 8-11%,
depending on the FGD process used. Physi-coal
cleaning plus lime/limestone scrubbing increases total
water consumed 8-12%.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
*E(ectric power plants, 'Water pollution, Water con-
sumption, Steam electric power generation, Desulfuri-
zation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Coal
preparation, Cooling systems, Water systems, Boilers,
Materials handling, Ashes, Comparison, Technology,
Substitutes, Flue gases, Scrubbers, Evaporation,
Absorbers(Materials), Limestone, Calcium oxides,
Design criteria, Process charting, 'Coal fired power
plants, Air pollution abatement, Water quality, Station-
ary sources, Limestone scrubbing, Wet methods, Well-
man process, Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Dual alkali
scrubbing.
PB-279 637/3 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Tests of Fabric Filtration Materials. Final rept. Jun
73-Dec 77,
Institute of Industry of Cement Building Materials
(Poland).
Jan R. Koscianowski, Lidia Koscianowska, and Maria
Szablewicz. Mar 78,218p EPA/600/7-78/056
The report describes laboratory and pilot scale testing
of filter fabrics. Tests were made on flat specimens
and on bags. Fifteen styles of fabrics (made from
cotton, polyester, aramid, or glass) were tested, using
cement, coal, or talc dusts. Collection efficiencies ana
pressure drop data are presented for inlet dust con-
centrations of 10-11g/cu m. filtration velocities of 60
and 80 cu m/sq m-hr, temperatures of 20-30C, and rel-
ative humidities of 55-60%. Conclusions reached
were: (1) fabrics which performed well on bench scale
apparatus also performed well on large scale appara-
tus; (2) free area calculations for characterizing fabrics
are useful for staple fiber fabrics, but not for continu-
ous filament fabrics; (3) smooth fiber fabrics with low
coefficients of friction may have poor collection effi-
ciency at high filtration velocities; and (4) cleaning
properties of fabrics depend on the fabric composition
and structure, and on dust properties, but not on filtra-
tion velocity. Collateral tests are described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters,
Concentration(Composition), Pilot plants, Laboratory
equipment, Performance evaluation, Aerosols, Indus-
trial wastes, Cleaning, Combustion products, Cotton
fabrics, Polyester fibers, Glass fibers, Cement, Coal,
Talc, Dust collectors, 'Fabric filters, Aramid.
PB-279 641/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Low- and Medlum-Btu Gasification Systems:
Technology Overview. Final task rept. Sep 77-Jan
78,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Paul W. Spaite, and Gordon C. Page. Mar 78,95p*
EPA/600/7-78/061
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
Prepared in cooperation with Spaite (Paul W.) Co., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio contract EPA-68-02-2149. See also
report dated Nov 77, PB-274 844.
The report gives an overview of low- and medium-Btu
gasification systems. It describes systems or combina-
tions of processes which are likely to be used for pro-
duction of low- and medium-Btu gas from coal. This in-
volves making judgments as to types of coals that will
be processed, types of gasifiers (and auxiliary process-
es) which will be employed, and markets which will de-
velop for gas from coal. The report is divided into three
main sections: Status of Technology gives a relatively
broad definition of future prospects for coal gasifica-
tion; Description of Technology gives more specific in-
formation on processes that are likely to be used com-
mercially; and Environmental Impacts discusses the
kinds of pollutant discharges that must be anticipated.
Low- and medium-Btu gasification systems can be
supplied to meet some industrial fuel requirements.
Work is needed to develop a better understanding of
both the potential of discharge streams for adverse ef-
fects and control technology and development needs.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Technology, Process charting, Design criteria, Fore-
casting, Air pollution control, Environmental impacts,
Water pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Perform-
ance evaluation, Combustion products, Coal, Low btu
gas, Medium btu gas, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-279 644/9 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Phytoplankton Sampling In Quantitative Baseline
and Monitoring Programs. Special scientific rept.
(Final),
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Paul E. Stofan, and George C. Grant. Feb 78,92p
VIMS-SSR-85, EPA/600/3-78/025
Grant EPA-R-804147-01-0
An overview of phytoplankton sampling and analysis
methods as they apply to quantitative baseline and
monitoring surveys is provided. A need for inclusion of
a preliminary field survey of the area under investiga-
tion and of flexibility in sampling design is stressed. An
extensive bibliography pertinent to phytoplankton
sampling and analysis is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Sam-
pling, 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Samplers, Design,
Counting, Identifying, Electron microscopy, Fluores-
cence, Primary biological productivity, Test methods,
Chemical analysis, Bibliographies.
PB-279 645/6 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Economic Impact Analysis of Anticipated Hazard-
ous Waste Regulations on the Industrial Organic
Chemicals, Pesticides, and Explosives Industries.
Final rept. 27 May 77-26 Jan 78,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Jeffery Stollman, John Eyraud, George Gantz, and
OougGeqga.Jan78,291p'EPA/530/SW-158C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4637
The project consists of an analysis of the economic im-
pacts of alternative regulatory levels for hazardous
waste management in the industrial organic chemicals
Industry. The analysis consists of three segments: In-
dustry Profile, Price Effects Analysis, and Economic
Impact Analysis. The Industry Profile delineates the
products, producers, and plant characteristics in the
Industry. It also includes a discussion of sales trends,
innovation, and industrial organization of the various
industry subcategories. The Price Effects Analysis dis-
cusses the pricing practices in the various industry
segments, and includes estimates of produce price
elasticity where available. The Economic Impact Anal-
ysis delineates the impacts of two levels of regulation
on the following: industry capital availability, industry
entry and exit, industry structure, product prices, gen-
eral inflation, GNP, foreign trade, regional economics,
employment, and national energy use.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Economic impact, Cost analy-
sis, Pesticides, Organic compounds, Explosives, Mar-
keting, Foreign trade, Waste treatment, Management
planning, Mathematical models, Manufacturing, Cost
analysis, Chlorine organic compound, Fuel consump-
tion, Regional planning, Standards, Regulations,
Chlpromethanes, Epichlorohydrin, Vinyl chloride, Acry-
lonitrile, Furfurals, Ethylene/chloro.
PB-279 667/0 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Kentucky Lakes.
Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, and
V. W. Lambou. Jan 78,36p EPA/600/3-78/013
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 5 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Ken-
tucky. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
'Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
Tables(Data), Kentucky, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Species diversity, 'Bioindicators.
PB-279 668/8 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Georgia Lakes.
Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor,
and F. A. Hiatt. Jan 78,70p EPA/600/3-78/011
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 14 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Georgia.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
'Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
Tables(Data), Georgia, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level,
'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB-279 670/4 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Biological Significance of Some Metals as Air Pol-
lutants. Part II. Mercury. Final rept. Jan 69-Jan 74,
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst.
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Mirka Fugas, and Fedor Vatic. Jan 78,193p EPA/600/
1-78/002
Grant SFCP-02-302-3
Prepared in cooperation with Zagreb Univ. (Yugosla-
via). School of Public Health. See Part 1 dated Sep 77,
PB-274 055.
The study was undertaken in order to elucidate the as-
sociation between low atmospheric mercury levels and
changes in some biological parameters likely to react
to such exposures. The study covered four populations
believed to be exposed to four different levels of at-
mospheric mercury: rural inhabitants, town dwellers,
population from a mercury mining and smelting town,
and workers occupational^ exposed to mercury. The
study concludes tentatively that mercury exposure is
likely to induce changes in the activity of chollnester-
ase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase and also to cause changes In the con-
centration of coproporphyrin and probably glutathione.
Keywords: Mercury(Metal), 'Metals, Industrial medi-
cine, Air pollution, Foreign countries, Yugoslavia, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Populations,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Investiga-
tions, Urban areas, Rural areas, Industrial atmos-
386 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pheres, Industrial hygiene, Chollnesterase, Alkaline
phosphatases, Glutathione, Toxicology, Biochemistry,
Air sampling, *Air pollution effects(Humans), •Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Environmental health, Deny-
drogenase/glucose-6-phosphate, Coproporphyrins.
PB-279 672/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. En-
forcement Div.
Evaluation of a Technique for Sampling Low Con-
centrations of Organic Vapors In Ambient Air.
Final task rapt.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
F. C. Whitmore, M. N. Khattak, J. D. Barden, and R. L.
Durfee. 1977,30p511-1
Contract EPA-68-02-2618
Following contamination of the Morris Forman
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Louisville, KY, by hex-
achlorocyclopentadiene and octachlorocyclopentene,
large volumes of these contaminants were isolated on
the plant site. An extensive program of monitoring am-
bient air was developed for the protection of plant per-
sonnel and the general public during destruction of the
material with on-site equipment. This document de-
scribes In detail the technique used to monitor the air
and compares that technique with OSHA routine air
monitoring techniques used in the workplace.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, *Gas
analysis, Sewage sludge, Industrial hygiene, Sampling,
Public health, Gas detectors, Gas chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Accidents, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Laboratory equipment, Performance evalua-
tion, Concentratlon(Composition), Decontamination,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Toxic substances, *Air pollution
detection, 'Cyclopentene/octachloro, 'Cyclopenta-
diene/hexachloro.
PB-279 680/3 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In New Jersey
Lakes. Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
L. R. Williams, F. A. Morris, J. W. Hilgert, V. W.
Lambou, and F. A. Hiatt. Jan 78,67p EPA/600/3-78/
014
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 13 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of New
Jersey. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
JableslData), New Jersey, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, 'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB-279 682/9 MF A01
Disposal of Hazardous Wastes - Transportation.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Jul 77,56p NATO/CCMS-68
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Solid Waste Man-
agement Programs. NATO furnished.
Microfiche copies only.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), on August 13,1976, submitted to the Transport
subproject lists of hazardous waste compounds.
These lists which are contained In this document are
examples of hazardous wastes posing environmental
"•zards, but are not complete formal lists.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Hazardous mate-
leJs, 'Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), Slag dispos-
al. Sludge disposal, Chemical Industry, Toxicity, Acids,
Leaching, Pesticides, Minerals, Refineries, Solvents,
Detergents, Emulsions, Explosives, Public health,
^go transportation, 'Liquid wastes, NATO furnished.
PB-279 694/4 PC A19/MF A01
Qreensboro-Gullford County, North Carolina 201
Wastewater Treatment System Project No.
C37037601. Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
Dec 77,445p EPA/904/9-77/037
Errata sheet inserted. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Com-
munity Development, Raleigh.
The Environmental Impact Statement concerns the
awarding of grant funds to the city of Greensboro,
North Carolina for the purpose of developing a
wastewater treatment system to service the Greens-
boro-Guilford County area. The report presents a de-
scription of the chosen alternative, changes made
since the draft, a transcript of the public hearing and
written comments, received, and responses to com-
ments. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Sewage treatment, North Carolina, Sewers, Water
quality, Water pollution control, South Buffalo Creek,
Greensboro(North Carolina), Guilford County(North
Carolina), Sewage treatment plants.
PB-279 697/7 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Delaware Lakes.
Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Npv 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Jan 78,41 p EPA/600/3-78/027
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 6 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Dela-
ware. Results from the calculation of several water
quality.indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
'Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
TableslData), Delaware, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, 'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB-279 709/0 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1960,84p-in 8 articles
Consists of PB-279 710 thru PB-279 717.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 710/8
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Safety of Malathlon Dusting Powder for Louse
Control,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., Arnold M. Mattson, J. Gordon
Short, and Robert F. Witter. 1960,12p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 22 p503-514 1960.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
Because some strains of body lice are resistant to DDT
and gamma-BHC, there is need for other effective,
safe chemicals to control them. Malathlon is known to
be effective at a concentration of 1%. To test Its
safety, the bodies and clothing of 39 men were dusted
5 times a week for 8-16 weeks with talcum powder
containing 0,1 %, 5%, and 10% malathlon. Complaints
about odor and skin Irritation were roughly proportional
to dosage. No change in blood cholinesterase activity
was found, except perhaps with 10% powder. Urinary
excretion of malathion-derived material was propor-
tional to dosage. No other changes attributable to mal-
athion were observed and the compound Is consid-
ered safe for control of head and body lice.
Keywords: 'Malathion, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Insecticides, Safety,
Cholinesterase, Pest control, Lice, Humans,
Powder(Partlcles), Absorption(Biology), Males, Experi-
mental data, Concentration(Composltlon), Dosage,
Skin(Anatomy), Tables(Data), Odors, Excretion, Urine,
Reprints, Phosphorodithioates, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 711/6
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
The Toxicology of Chemosterllants,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1964,16p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 31 p721-736 1964.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
Sterilization of males con in certain circumstances be
more efficient than killing as a method for control of in-
sects and perhaps other pests. A number of chemicals
(Chemosterilants) show promise of producing sexual
sterility in insects without some of the pratical limita-
tions of radiation. The most important compounds are
alkylating agents. These have little immediate pharma-
cological action, but are notable for their selective
action against haematopoietic and some other prolifer-
ating tissues. A number of alkylating agents have been
shown to be mutagens in insects, bacteria, fungi, and
higher plants; carcinogens in mammals; and Terato-
gens in insects, birds, and mammals. Some produce
sexual sterility, possibly in mammals as well as in in-
sects, at doses too low to produce the other effects.
Some have an established reputation as drugs for pal-
liative treatment of leukaemia and other neoplasms.
The developmet of insect sterilization as a vector con-
trol technique has been handicapped in part by lack of
scientific information on the acute and long-term haz-
ards that might be associated with the use of Chemos-
terilants. In this paper the author brings together the
available knowledge on the toxicology of the alkylating
agents.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pest control, Insect control,
Sterilization, Disease vectors, Tables(Data), Muta-
gens, Carcinogens, 'Chemosterilants, Reprints,
Toxic substances, Teratogens.
PB-279 712/4
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effect of DDT on Antibody Response to Typhoid
Vaccine In Rabbits and Man,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
J. Shiplov, C. D. Graber, J. E. Keil, and S. H. Sandifer.
1972,10p
Contract EPA-68-03-0045
Pub. in Immunological Communications, 1(4) p385-
3941972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
DDT-dosed humans and animals injected with Salmo-
nella typhi vaccine produced O, H and Vi agglutinin
liters somewhat higher than controls (no DDT). This is
in contrast to an earlier report that DDT-fed animals in-
jected with this vaccine experienced a 30% decrease
in antibody litre to whole organisms. Immunoglobulin
levels in human volumteers were unaffected by DDT
ingestion.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Toxicology, 'Immunity, 'Pesticides.
Vaccines, Rabbits, Humans, Experimental data, Labo-
ratory animals, Responses, Typhoid, Antibodies, Sal-
monella, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Salmonella
typhi, Immunoglobulins.
PB-279 713/2
(Order as PB-279 709, MF API)
DDT and Polychlorlnated Blphsnyl (Aroclor
1242(Trads Nam*)) Effects of Uptake on E. Coll
Qrowth,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
J. E. Keil, and S. H. Sandifer. 1 Feb 72,7p
Pub. in Water Research, v6 p837-8411972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
DDT at 0.01 and PCB at 0.01 and 0.1 ppm consistently
stimulated Escherichia coll growht In vitro. Differences
between treatments and controls at the conclusion of
24 hours Incubation although increased uridlne uptake
was noted In all DDT and PCB cultures after 5 h of In-
cubation.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, Blodeterloration,
Growth, Bacteria, Escherichia coll, In vitro analysis,
Tables(Data), Insecticides, Residues, Nucleic acids,
December 1983 387
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Uridine, Concentration(Composition), Experimental
data, Metabolism, Chlorine organic compounds. Re-
prints, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT insecticide,
DDE insecticide, Pesticide residues, Arochlor 1242,
Arochlors.
PB-279 714/0
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Toxicology Problems Associated with Use of Pes-
ticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1964,16p
Pub. in Industry and Tropical Health: V, p118-132
1964.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
Contents:
Nature of poisoning;
Frequency of poisoning and underlying
circumstances;
Importance of the conditions of use in determining
the safety of pesticides;
Technology;
Education;
Tests to permit limitation of exposure;
Protective devices.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecticides,
Residues, Hazards, Toxic diseases, Mortality, Expo-
sure, Education, Tests, Safety engineering, Protection,
Protective clothing, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 715/7
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides In the Fat of
People In New Orleans,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., William E. Dale, and Virlyn W.
Burse. 4 Jun 65, 5p
Pub. in Life Sciences, v4 p1611 -16151965.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
The Mississippi River and its tributaries serve as a
drainage system for surface water for a large part of
the United States. A recent report attributed fish kills
which occurred between October 1963 and February
1964 in the lower Mississippi River to minute quantities
of endrin in the fish. This same report states that diel-
drin and endrin are both present in the drinking water
of the city of New Orleans and that dieldrin, endrin,
heptachlor, DDT, and DDE have all been found in
shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico. The storage of chlorin-
ated hydrocarbon pesticides in the fat of people with-
out occupational exposure is well known. In view of the
above report the following study was conducted to de-
termine the concentration of these materials in the fat
of people in New Orleans.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Tissues(Biology),
Chlorohydrocarbons, Concentration(Composition),
Humans, Exposure, Tables(Data), Louisiana, Reprints,
'Pesticide residues, New Orleans(Louisiana), Adipose
tissue, 'Toxic substances, Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 716/5
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Storage of DOT and DDE In People with Different
Degrees of Exposure to DDT,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., Griffith E. Quinby, Kenneth C.
Walker, Joseph W. Elliott, and William M. Upholt. 5 Feb
58,9p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v18
D398-406, Nov 56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
During 1954-1956 samples of fat tissue from 227
people were analyzed for DDT and DDE and the re-
sults tabulated according to the dietary, environmen-
tal, and occupational exposure of these people to
DDT. Also, 45 samples 01 fat from those surveyed as
well as 70 samples of fat and other tissues from 17
other people were used for other purposes. Thus, 342
samples in all were analyzed. There has apparently
been no progression in the storage of DDT In the gen-
eral population of the United States since this storage
was first measured in 1950. Persons abstaining from
meat deposited in their fat only about half the concen-
tration of DDT (2.3 ppm) as did people in the general
population 4.9.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, United
States, TablesjData), Storage, Exposure, Humans,
Concentration(Composition), 'Pesticide residues, Re-
prints, DDE insecticide, Metabolites, Adipose tissue,
Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 717/3
(Order as PB-279 709, MF A01)
Pathologic Changes In the Liver of Rats after
Feeding Low Levels of Various Insecticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Paul Ortega, Wayland J. Hayes, and William F.
Durham. 15 May 57,9p
Pub. in A.M.A. Archives of Pathology, v64 p614-622,
Dec 57.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 7, PB-279 709.
In order to reinvestigate the minimal dietary levels of
certain chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticides required
to produce pathologic change, materials were fed to
rats at the following concentrations: Chlordane, 2.5
and 25 ppm; Dieldrin, 2.5 and 25 ppm; lindane, 50 and
100 ppm; and Toxaphene, 50 and 200 ppm. The con-
trol diet contained less than 0.6 ppm of D.D.T. as the
only known contaminating insecticide. The experimen-
tal animals were observed clinically and then serially
killed after from two to nine months' exposure to the
poison. Tissues from liver, kidney, and spleen were ex-
amined histologically. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Morbidity, Mortal-
ity, Liver, Rats, Pathology, Ingestion(Biology), Insecti-
cides, Body weight, Diet, Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Tissues(Biology), Kidney, Spleen, Diel-
drin, Chlordan, Dosage, Toxicity, Reprints, Lindane,
Toxaphene, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 718/1 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, O.C.
1973,82p-in 11 articles
Consists of PB-279 719 thru PB-279 729.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 719/9
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Review of Recent Evidence of Toxic Effects of
Hexachlorophene,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Program.
Renate D. Kimbrough. 1973,4p
Pub. in Pediatrics, v51 n2 p391 -394, Feb 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
The published data on the toxlcity of hexachlorophene
in animals and man are discussed. Studies performed
in the author's laboratory including hexachlorophene
blood level determinations in animals and man are
also reviewed. Hexachlorophene can produce paraly-
sis in rats, rabbits, cats, and pigs and blindness in
sheep. Microscopic examination of the brains of rats
and monkeys given repeated doses of hexachloro-
phene shows status sponglosus of the white matter
and normal gray matter. Small amounts of hexachloro-
phene are absorbed through the skin of animals as
well as man. Aside from the neurological effects of
hexachlorophene, the chemical uncouples oxldative
phosphorylation which may cause body temperature
elevation.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bacterlcides, Lethal dosage,
Pathology, Toxicity, Laboratory animals, Humans, Diet,
Ingestion(Blology), Tables(Data), Dosage, Excretion,
Reprints, "Hexachlorophene, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 720/7
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
The 90-Dose L.D60 and a Chronlclty Factor as
Measures of Toxicity,
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 18 Apr 67,9p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vl 1 n2
0327-335, Sep 67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
A 90-dose LD50 (or ED50) and a chronicity factor are
proposed to help communicate the results of tests in-
volving repeated doses of compounds. To determine
the oral 90-dose LD50, groups of animals are fed ap-
propriate dietary levels of a compound for 90 days and
then held long enough for any sick survivors to die or
recover. Food consumption is recorded and doses are
expressed as milligrams of compound per kilogram of
body weight per day. Statistically, the 90-dose LD50 is
determined in the same way as the 1-dose LD50 using
logarithms of doses and percent mortality expressed
as probits. A ratio of the 1-dose LD50 and 90-dose
LD50 of a compound is a measure of its cumulative ef-
fects and is termed the chronicity factor. The largest
one found so far is more than 500 times the smartest.
These factors permit objective comparison of different
classes of compounds, but whether the smaller dis-
tinctions within a class are significnat, remains to be
learned.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lethal dosage, Toxicity,
Ingestion(Biology), TaDles(Data), Experimental data,
Laboratory animals, Rats, Bloassay, Measurement,
Reprints.
PB-279 721/5
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Effects of o,p'-DDT on the Adrenal Gland and He-
patic Mlcrosomal Enzyme System In the Beagle
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticide Effects Lab.
M. F. Cqpeland, and M. F. Cranmer. 14 May 73,10p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 27, p1-
101974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
Four male beagle dogs received o,p'-DDT (50 mg/kg/
day) in corn oil, administered in gelatin capsules, for 32
days. Four dogs used as controls received only corn
oil. The treated dogs maintained body weights compa-
rable to the controls and there were no overt signs of
toxicity. The treated dogs showed a decreased eosino-
penic response to ACTH after day 16. There was no
significant difference in the plasma sodium and potas-
sium concentrations or in the hematocrit before or
after ACTH, nor in the 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-
OHCS) response to ACTH between the treated and
control dogs on any of the test days.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Dogs, Enzymes, Liver, Ribosomes, Adrenal gland,
Ingestion(Biology), Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Physiological effects, Tables(Data),
Tissues(Biology), Distribution, Storage, Adrenal cortex,
Herbicides, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, DDD insecti-
cide, Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 722/3
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
The Ultrastructure of the Paraquat Lung Lesion In
the Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Renate D. Kimbrough, and Ralph E. Linder. 18 Aug 72,
9p
Pub. in Environmental Research 6, p265-2731973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
Adult female Sherman strain rats were fed 500 ppm
paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridylium dichloride) in
their diet. Four poisoned as well as three control rats
were sacrificed 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 wk after onset of ex-
posure. Two well-developed paraquat lung lesions
were encountered. The alveoli of these lesions con-
tained a very prominent amorphous material which
was highly osmiophillc whan examined with the elec-
tron microscope. It consisted of concentrically ar-
ranged whorls which were surrounded by or next to
less electrondense lattice-like material. Additional ul-
trastructural findings in those and other lungs consist-
ed of edematous and vacuolated membranous pneu-
mocytes (type I) as well as endothellal cells. The
granular pneumocytes were increased in 3 of 20 lungs
of exposed animals.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Dosage, IngestionjBtology), Bloassay, Rats, Diet, Lab-
oratory animals, Experimental data, Lung, Histology,
Pathology, Reprints, 'Paraquat, Bipyrldlnium com-
388 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pounds, Acetic acid/mercaptophenyl, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 723/1
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Brief Communication: Pancreatic-Type Tissue In
Livers of Rats Fed Polychlorinated Blphenyls,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
R. D. Kimbrough. 25 Apr 73,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of Natl. Cancer Inst. 51, p679-681 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
Pancreatic-type tissue in lives of Sherman strain rats is
described. This lesion has not been reported previous-
ly. The pancreatic-type tissue was observed in livers of
rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) for 6
months. The cells of the tissue had the same staining
characteristics as salivary gland epithelium. The lesion
was present in 15 of 36 livers examined.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Pesticides, Tissues(Biology),
Diet, Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Experimental data,
Chlorine organic compounds, Liver, Histology, Pathol-
ogy, Cells(Biology), Dosage, Histopathology, Reprints,
'Aroclor 1254, "Biphenyl/cnloro, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 724/9
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Review of Recent Evidence of Toxic Effects of
Hexachlorophene,
American Academy of Pediatrics, Evanston, III.
Renate D. Kimbrough. Jun 72,5
Pub. in Pediatrics, v51 n2 p391-394, Feb 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
The published data on the toxicity of hexachlorophene
in animals and man are discussed. Studies performed
in the author's laboratory including hexachlorophene
blood level determinations in animals and man are
also reviewed. Hexachlorophene can produce paraly-
sis in rats, rabbits, cats, and pigs and blindness in
sheep. Microscopic examination of the brains of rats
and monkeys given repeated doses of hexachloro-
phene shows status spongiosus of the white matter
and normal gray matter. Small amounts of hexachloro-
phene are absorbed through the skin of animals as
well as man. Aside from the neurological effects of
hexachlorophene, the chemical uncouples oxidative
phosphorylation which may cause body temperature
elevation.
Keywords: 'Bactericides, "Toxicology, Toxicity, Ex-
perimental data, Rats, Monkeys, Dosage,
Skln(Anatomy), Absorption(Biology), Brain, Exposure,
Body weight, Lethal dosage, Physiological effect,
Concentration(Compositlon), Humans, Blood, Re-
prints, Hexachlorophene, "Toxic substances.
PB-279 725/8
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Paraquat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Renate D. Kimbrough. 1974,3p
Pub. in CHEST, v65p65S-67S, Apr 74.
Deluded in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
Dermal exposure to the paraquat concentrate may
result in severe skin irritation. Diluted spray solutions
">ay produce slight to moderate irritation. Paraquat is
absorbed through the skin. In toxicity studies conduct-
ed in the laboratory the authors found that the acute
dermal LD50 in rats was 80 mg paraquat/kg body
weight in males and 90 mg/kg in females, while the
acute oral LD50 in male rats was 100 mg/kg and in fe-
males 110 mg/kg2. These findings indicate that there
does not seem to be a great difference between the
oral and dermal toxicity in rats.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Pesticides, "Toxicology,
Absorption(Biology), Exposure, Ingestion(Biology),
Skin(Anatomy), Lethal dosage, Rats, Toxic diseases,
Experimental data, Pathology, Histology, Laboratory
animals, Standards, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Lung, Bioassay, "Toxic substances, Reprints, "Para-
quat, Bipyridinum compounds, Acetic acid/mercapto-
Phenyl, Threshold limit values, Maximum permissible
exposure level.
PB-279 726/4
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Storage and Excretion of DDT In Starved Rats,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale, Thomas B. Gaines, and Wayland J.
Hayes, Jr. 3 Jul 61,1 Op
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v4 n1
D89-106, Jan 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
It is well known that some poisons, such as lead when
stored in sufficient amount, may be mobilized from
storage with the result that clinical illness appears or
recurs. This phenomenon was first demonstrated ex-
perimentally for DDT by Fitzhugh and Nelson (1947).
They showed that rats that had been fed diets contain-
ing DDT at concentrations of 600 parts per million
(ppm) or more showed marked tremors when they
were deprived of food completely. Rats deprived of all
food after being fed 200 or 400 ppm showed increased
irritability but no tremors. It has been assumed that
these clinical effects resulted from a mobilization of
DDT concurrent with the mobilization of body fat, but
the effect of starvation on the concentration of DDT in
various tissues and excreta has not previously been
measured. This paper reports the results of such
measurements in rats that were starved and in suitable
controls. The results confirm that DDT is, in fact, mobi-
lized into the circulation and into the brain during star-
vation and thus explain the clinical effects.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "DDT, "Pesticides, "Toxicol-
ogy, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory animals, Storage, Ex-
cretion, Experimental data, Dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Brain, Circulation, Star-
vation, Body weight, Tissues(Biology), Tables(Data),
Reprints, Pesticide residues, Bioaccumulation, "Toxic
substances, Metabolites, Adipose tissue.
PB-279 727/2
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Hexane Extractable Chlorinated Insecticides In
Human Blood,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale, August Curley, and Cipriano Cueto, Jr.
18Oct65,8p
Pub. in Life Sciences, v5 p47-541966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
A method is described which detects in blood 6 of the
8 isomers or metabolites of chlorinated hydrocarbon
insecticides known to occur in the fat of people in the
general population of the United States, and it detects
z others in people with occupational or acute expo-
sure. The concentration of chlorinated Insecticides
and related materials as detected by this method fol-
lows the pattern of exposure and recovery and thus
permits toxicological evaluation.
Keywords: "Insecticides, 'Pesticides, "Toxicology,
•Blood analysis, Humans, Blood, Dosage, Chlorony-
drocarbons, Tables(Data), Exposure, Detection, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, Metabolites.
PB-279 728/0
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Penetration of the Blood-Brain-Cerebral Spinal
Fluid Barrier by DDT,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Glenn Morrison. 1971,7p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v6 n1 D48-54 1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
The central nervous system (CNS) is a unique organ
system in that it not only receives a rich vascular
supply, but, in addition, cological information about any
neurotoxic compound includes ascertaining the abso-
lute and relative anounts of the compound in these
three separate, but intimately related, compartments
(blood, CSF, brain) at a given time after the administra-
tion of an intoxicating dose of the compound. The
present study was undertaken to obtain this informa-
tion for the organochlorine compound, p.p'-DDT (2,2-
bis(p-ctiloroptienyl)-1,1,1 -trlchloroethane).
Keywords: "Insecticides, "DDT, "Toxicology, Blood,
Brain, Cerebrospinal fluid, Central nervous system,
Chlorine organic compounds, Rats, Dosage,
Ingestion(Blology), Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Tables(Data), Physiological effects,
Concentration(Composition), Tissues(Biology), Bio-
assay, Reprints, "Toxic substances, Convulsions.
PB-279 729/8
(Order as PB-279 718, MF A01)
Morphological Changes In Livers of Rats Fed Pol-
ychlorlnated Blphenyls, Light Microscopy and in-
frastructure,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Renate D. Kimbrough, Ralph E. Under, and Thomas B.
Gaines. 28 Apr 72,12p
Pub. in Arch Environ Health, v25 p354-364, Nov 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 9, PB-279 718.
Male and female Sherman strain rats were fed poly-
chlorinated biphenyls Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1254
at 0, 20,100, 500 and 1,000 ppm In their diet. Rats re-
ceived the dietary levels for eight months. Light micro-
scopic changes consisted of hypertrophy ot the liver
cells, inclusions in the cytoplasm, brown pigment in
Kupffer cells, lipid accumulation, and, at the higher di-
etary levels, adenofibrosis. Ultrastructural changes of
the livers of exposed animals consisted of an increase
in smooth endoplasmic reticulum and atypical mito-
chondria. Lipid vacuoles were occasionally surrounded
by concentric membranes. The epithelial component
of adenofibrosis consisted of goblet cells and cells that
resembled the epithelium which lines the bile ducts. In
general, the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the liver was
more pronounced than that of Aroclor 1260.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Bioassay, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Dosage, Rats, Experimental
data, Laboratory animals, Liver, Diet,
Ingestlon(Biology), Pathology, Tables(Data), Body
weight, Histology, Reprints, Toxic substances, "Aro-
clor 1254, "Aroclor 1260, "Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-279 730/6 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1961,85p-in 8 articles
Consists of PB-279 731 thru PB-279 738.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health.
PB-279 731/4
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
Insecticide Content of Diet and Body Fat of Alas-
kan Natives,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William F. Durham, John F. Armstrong, William M.
Upholt, and Christine Heller. 7 Jul 61, 2p
Pub. In Science, v134 n3494 p1880-1881,8 Dec 61.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
A study was made of the DDT and DDE content of the
diet and body fat of native Alaskans who lived In isolat-
ed, primitive areas and had minimal contact with Insec-
ticides. No DDT or DDE was detected In any of the
native Alaskan foods analyzed with the exception of
two white owls, both of which contained low levels of
DDE. Eskimos store considerably less DDT and DDE
In their body fat than the general population In the
United States. These low dietary levels and the result-
ant low levels In body fat are consistent with previously
published data on the relationship between intake and
storage of DDT.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Insecticides, "Pesticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Diet, Storage, Residues, Tissues(Blology),
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Alaskan natives, Re-
prints, Adipose tissue, 'DDE Insecticide, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Pesticide residues, Metabolites, Bioaccumu-
lation.
PB-279 732/2
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
- - -- - - tprvMitt
Toxicity of Pesticides to Man: Risks from I
Levels,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
W. J.Hayes Jr. 1967,25p
Pub. In Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, v167
P101-1271967.
December 1983 389
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group6,PB-279730.
All modalities of toxicity exhibit a dosage-response re-
lationship. Since the quantitative importance of various
factors other than dosage and occasionally species
and sensitivity that modify the toxicity of a given com-
pound is limited, it follows that real assurance about
the possible long-term effect of small repealed doses
may be gained by studying the effects of larger doses
given over a briefer period. This is particularly true if
the potential problem of important species difference
can be overcome by studies in volunteers and in work-
ers whose exposure is more intensive and often more
continuous than that of the general population. It is es-
pecially amoung such workers that a meaningful
search may be made not only for the recognized ef-
fects of a particular compound but also for effects that
are suspected but undemonstrated. Any compound
may present a hazard if it is misused, and the modern
pesticides are no exception. However, there is strong
and growing evidence that long-term absorption of
traces of one or more of the synthetic nonmetalic pes-
ticides will not lead to illness.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Toxicity, Risk,
Dosage, Responses, Relationships, Toxic diseases,
Humans, Lethal dosage, Hazards, Evaluation, Environ-
mental health, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Health
risks.
PB-279 733/0
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
Toxic Hazards of Some Poisons,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons, and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1947,
2p
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, 37(6) p721-727,
Jun47.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
The article presents statistics on fatal chemical poi-
soning. The tables include: Deaths, per 100,000 popu-
lation, from selected groups of causes and crude
death rates. United States, 1946; total accidental
deaths in the United States caused by chemicals and
rate per 100,000 population; estimated production of
selected pesticides in the United States, expressed in
thousands of pounds; and number of accidental
deaths in the United States from selected causes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chemical com-
pounds, Toxic diseases, Tables(Data), Mortality,
United States, Accidents, Reprints, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 734/8
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
The Toxicity of Chemosterllants,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1962,2p
Pub. In Pharmacologist 5(1) p63-641963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
It Is possible to show by mathematical models that
sterilization of males is ultimately more efficient than
killing as a method of controlling insects and perhaps
other pests. The reason is that although both dead and
sterile males fail to reproduce, some portion of the
sterile ones will effectively prevent the reproduction of
females that were not directly affected by the steriliz-
ing agent. An effort is being made now to broaden the
method so that sterilization can be produced by a
chemical rather than by radiation. A chemical used In
this way is called a chemosterilant. The chemicals that
have already shown significant value in laboratory
tests fall into three classes: alkylating agents, antime-
tabolites, and miscellaneous compounds. So far, the
most promising compounds are alkylating agents. For
this reason, this abstract is confined to me toxicology
of these compounds.(Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sterilization, 'Pest control, 'Toxicology,
Chemical compounds, Reproduction(Blology), Inhibi-
tion, Insect control, 'Chemosterilants, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-279 735/5
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
Organic Phosphorus Poisoning and Its Therapy,
with Special Reference to Modes of Action and
Compounds that Reactivate Inhibited Chollnester-
ase,
Environmental Protection Agency, Wenatchee, Wash.
Field Studies Section.
William F. Durham, and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 12 Dec
61,27p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v5 p21-47,
Jul 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
Contents:
Nature and physiologic function of cholinesterase;
Symptoms of organic phosphorus poisoning;
Mechanism of inhibition of cholinesterase;
Measurement of cholinesterase activity and its
relationship to symptomatology;
Measurement of metabolites ana their relationship
to symptomatology;
Use and action of atropine and other nonspecific
antidotes;
Development of specific antidotes;
Chemica ans physiologic properties of oximes;
Antidotal efficacy of oximes in poisoned
experimental animals;
Application of 2-PAM in poisoining in man;
Suggestions for treatment;
Prevention of poisoning.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Toxic
diseases, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Enzymes, Preven-
tion, Antidotes, Cholinesterase, Sign and symptoms,
Cholinesterase inhibitors, Measurement, Oximes, Lab-
oratory animals, Therapy, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Insecticides, Reprints, Metabolites, PAM, Pyri-
dinium/((hydroxy imino)methyl)-methyl-iodide, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-279 736/3
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
A Reciprocal Relationship Between the Induction
of delta-Amlnolevullnlc Acid Synthetase and Drug
Metabolism Produced by m-Dlchlorobenzene,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Program.
Alan Poland, Joyce Goldstein, Patricia Hickman, and
Virlyn W. Burse. 26 Jun 70,11 p
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v20 p1281-1290
1971.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
The daily administration of large doses of m-dichloro-
benzene (m-DCB) causes experimental hepatic por-
phyria in rats by induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid
synthetase (ALA synthetase). However, smaller doses
of m-DCB produce a biphasic stimulation of both uri-
nary coproporphyrin excreation and liver ALA synthe-
tase. The decline of ALA synthetase and urinary co-
proporphyrin despite continued daily dosage is associ-
ated with an increase in activity of the liver drug-me-
tabolizing systems and decreasing serum m-DCB
levels. The most probable explanation for the self-limit-
ing action of m-DCB is stimulation by the drug of its
own metabolism.
Keywords: 'Drugs, Enzymes, Liver, Dosage, Metabo-
lism, Pharmacology, Chlorine organic compounds,
Amino acids, Porphyrins, Nitrogen compounds, Experi-
mental data, Rats, Laboratory animals, Physiological
effects, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Benzene/dichloro,
'Synthetase/amlnolevlnate.
PB-279 737/1
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides In Plasma
and Milk of Pregnant and Lactatlng Women,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
August Curiey, and Renate Kimbrough. 29 Aug 68,10p
Pub. In Arch Environ Health, v18 p156-164, Feb 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
Five pregnant women were studied for chlorinated hy-
drocarbon Insecticide residues In their blood and milk.
Blood samples were obtained from each between 30
days of pregnancy and 115 days postpartum. Three
milk samples were collected from each between three
and 96 days postpartum. Sample extracts of plasma
and milk were analyzed by electron-capture gas-liquid
chromatography lor chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti-
cides. Eight chlorinated insecticides were detected.
The cpncentratins of these compounds in plasma
were within the lower part of the range previously re-
ported for nonpregnant women. A small but statistical-
ly significant decrease in the plasma concentration of
r5,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and total
BHC was observed one to six days postpartum. The
concentraion of the detected compounds in milk
varied greatly among the individual women but was
within the range reported by others.
Keywords: "Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Females, Residues, Milk, Blood,
Concentration(Composition), Pregnancy,
Tables(Data), DDT, Insecticides, Analyzing, Detection,
Humans, BHC, Reprints, Pesticide residues, DDE in-
secticide, DDD insecticide, Benzene/hexachloro,
'Toxic substances.
PB-279 738/9
(Order as PB-279 730, MF A01)
Trans-Nonachlor Residues In Human Adipose
Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frederick W. Kutz, G. Wayne Sovocool, Sandra
Strassman, and Robert G. Lewis. 1976,6p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v16 n1 p9-14 1976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 6, PB-279 730.
The objective of the article is to report the discovery of
trans-nonachlor in human adipose tissue and to pro-
vide a preliminary assessment of its geographic distri-
bution in the United States. Although this report as-
cribes no clinical or symptomatic repercussions to
these residues in humans, the finding of trans-nonach-
lor is indicative of exposure to chlordane and hepta-
chlor.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chemical analy-
sis, Residues, Humans, Insecticides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Tables(Data), Storage, Tissues(Bioiogy),
Exposure, pistribution(Property), Patients, United
States, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Adipose tissue, "Nonachlor, Methanoindan/
nonachloro-tetrahydro, Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 739/7 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1952,81 p-in 13 articles
Consists of PB-279 740 thru PB-279 752.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health.
PB-279 740/5
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Studies on Fate of Parathlon In Rabbits, Using Ra-
dioactive Isotope Techniques,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
J. A. Jensen, W. F. Durham, and G. W. Pearce. 1952,
6p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Oc-
cupational Medicine, v6p326-331, Oct 52.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
A study of the fate of parathion in rabbits treated der-
mally and intravenously with radioactive 835-labeled
parathion has been made. Evidence has been ob-
tained showing that there is very little accumulation of
parathion or a sulfur-bearing portion of the molecule In
the blood, organs, or tissues. The compound or sulfur-
containing degradation products are rapidly excreted
in the urine. The excreted moiety appears to be the in-
organic residue of parathion and is absorbed by anlon
exchange resins, from which it can be regenerated and
precipitated by ammonium molybdate.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides,
Absorption(Biology), Metabolism, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Rabbits, Laboratory animals, Experimen-
tal data, Isotopic labeling,
Concentration(Composltion), Skln(Anatomy), Paren-
teral Infusions, Sulfur isotopes, Excretion, Urine, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Parathion, Phosphoroth-
390 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ioic acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitrophenyl-ester),
Bioaccumulation.
PB-279 741/3
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
DDT Storage In the US Population,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Griffith E. Quinby, Wayland J. Hayes, Jr, John F.
Armstrong, and William F. Durham. 1965,5p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Medical Association, v191
D175-179,18 Jan 65.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Analysis of fat samples from 130 subjects indicated
that the general population of the US had a mean stor-
age level of 4.0 parts per million (ppm) DDT and 7.8
ppm 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene
(DDE). Geographic differences between samples
taken in Phoenix, Atlanta, Louisville, and Wenatchee,
Wash, were not evident. No difference between levels
of DDT or DDE in the general population and in per-
sons living in areas of extensive agricultural use of
DDT were noted; however, occupationally-exposed
workers had higher levels. Comparison of results of
the present study with those of earlier surveys re-
vealed no distinct directional trend in the storage level
of DDT or DDE over the years between 1950 and
1962. The DDT storage level for the US was higher
than for Canada, England, France, and West Ger-
many, but about the same as for Hungary.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Popula-
tions, Tissues(Biology), Epidemiology, Storage, United
States, Surveys, Chlorohydrocarbons, Tables(Data),
Insecticides, Humans, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Foreign countries, Re-
prints, Adipose tissue, Bioaccumulation, Metabolites,
DDE insecticide, Ethyiene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro,
'Toxic substances.
PB-279 742/1
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Dlnttroorthocresol Exposure from Apple-Thinning
Sprays,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gordon S. Batchelor, Kenneth C. Walker, and Joseph
W. Elliot. 29 Dec 55,4p
Pub. In A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v13
p593-596,Jun56.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
The use of DNOC in the Wenatchee Valley appears to
involve shorter working hours, more dilute stock solu-
tions, more dilute spray solutions, and the applicatin of
much less of the compound during a season by any
one worker. The measured exposure to DNOC of
spray operators in the Wenatchee Valley and their uri-
nary and blood levels of the compound indicated that
these operators are not subject to a significant hazard
in connection with the recommended use of DNOC for
thinning blossoms.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxicol-
pjy. Exposure, Fungicides, Insecticides, Cresols,
phenols, Nitrogen organic compounds, Tables(Data),
Physiological effects, *Cresol/dinitro-(sodium-salt),
Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-279 743/9
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
°pA Excretion Levels, Studies In Persons with
Different Degrees of Exposure to DDT,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
"llliam F. Durham, John F. Armstrong, and Griffith E.
Quinby. 28 Jan 65,4p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, vl 1 p76-79,
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8. PB-279 739.
The excretion of DDA In urine by people In various dl-
9t*ry. environmental, and occupational exposure
groups with regard to DDT contact was determined.
' ne DDA excretion levels for the general population
ranged from below the experimental limit of the analyt-
ical method (0.02 ppm) to 0.35 ppm. Of the 79 samples
•J this group which were tested, 56 (74%) did not con-
win detectable quantities of DDA. there was no Indi-
—-——-™w. rv>*. inwiv »w • iv I..—.
cation that any important difference in DDA excretion
*vel existed among the general population, meat ab-
stainers, or people with heavy environmental or light
occupational exposure. However, striking differences
in DDA excretion exist for groups with widely different
degrees of exposure. A more sensitive method for de-
termination of DDA excretion levels in urine is needed,
since the present procedure gives values below the
limit of sensitivity for about three fourths of subjects
from the general population group.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *DDT, 'Toxicology, Excretion,
Exposure, Urine, Storage,
Concentration(Composition), Metabolism, Reprints,
•DDA insecticide, Acetic acid/bis(chlorophenyl),
•Toxic substances.
PB-279 744/7
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Eating Systox-Treated Fruit under Controlled
Conditions,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William M. Upholt, Griffith E. Quinby, and Gordon S.
Batchelor. 1977,4p
Pub. in Proceedings of Annual Meeting (50th) Wash-
ington State Horticultural Assn., p217-220 n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Based on the average daily consumption for 14 days of
102 grams of peaches and 345 grams of apples per
person, the demeton equivalents consumed were
about .05 mg in peaches and .10 mg In apples. The
average body weight for the group was 77 kilograms.
This indicates a daily dosage of about .0006 mg/kg for
the peaches and about .0013 mg/kg for the apples.
These dosages produced no apparent reduction in
cholinesterase activity and no symptoms attributable
to the demeton. It is concluded therefore that normally
healthy adults can consume one peach or apple a day
treated with demeton according to recommendations,
without producing any apparent effects.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Contamination,
Dosage, Fruits, Tables(Data), Chollnesterase,
Ingestion(Biology), Phosphorus organic compounds,
Toxicity, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances, 'Demeton, Pesticide residues.
PB-279 745/4
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Present Status of Our Knowledge of DDT Intoxi-
cation,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1955,8p
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v45 n4 p478-
485, Apr 55.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
There is abundant evidence to indicate that DDT Is a
safe material under actual conditions of use. Although
It occurs in our diet, and is stored in our fat, there Is no
indication that the amounts Involved are injurious.
Human beings, as well as animals, can withstand
much greater exposure and much greater storage than
are now prevalent. The greatest recent advances in
our knowledge of DDT are those which define the cur-
rent exposure and the magnitude of tolerable dosages
involving this compound which has contributed so sig-
nificantly to public health and to agriculture. This quan-
titative Information based on human rather than animal
exposure should do much to satisfy any reasonable
doubts about the safety of DDT.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Toxicity,
Insecticides, Humans, Physiological effects, Public
health, Toxic diseases, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
Environmental health, Pesticide residues.
PB-279 746/2
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Dermal Absorption of Hexachlorophane In In-
fants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
August Curley, Robert E. Hawk, Renate D. Klmbrough,
Gerald Nathenson, and Laurence Flnberg. 1971,6p
Pub. in The Lancet, p296-297,7 Aug 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Hexachlorophane Is widely used as an antibacterial
agent. It has been reported that repeated high oral
doses of hexachlorophane (25 mg per kg per day) in
rats produced paralysis and a pronounced oedema of
the white-matter of the central nervous system. To see
whether hexachlorophane may be absorbed through
the intact infant skin, its concentration in the blood of
the umbilical cord of fifty infants and in the blood of the
same infants obtained on discharge from hosital was
determined by gas chromatography. While in the hos-
pital the infants were washed several times with hex-
achlorophane solutions to prevent staphylococcal In-
fections. The range of hexachlorophane levels in the
umbilical cord was 0.003-0.182 p.p.m. with a mean of
0.022 p.p.m., and for the blood at the time of discharge
from the hospital 0.009-0.646 p.p.m., with a mean of
0.109 p.p.m. It is suggested that infants' skin be rinsed
after the use of hexachlorophane.
Keywords: 'Bactericides, 'Disinfectants, 'Toxicology,
Toxicity, Skln(Anatomy), Infants, Absorption(Biology),
Chlorine organic compounds, Experimental data, Lab-
oratory animals, Rats, Physiological effects, Reprints,
'Hexachlorophene, *PhenoT/methylene-bis-(trich-
loro), 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 747/0
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Serum Organochlorlna Pesticides In Mentally Re-
tarded Patients on Differing Drug Regimens,
Idaho State Dept. of Health, Boise.
Michael Watson, Joe Gabica, and W. W. Benson. 22
Nov71,8p
Pub. in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, v13
n2p186-192, Mar-Apr 72.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Serum concentrations of p.p'DDT and its metabolite
p.p'DDE were estimated by electron-capture gas chro-
matography in a group of mentally retarded Institution-
alized patients receiving antiseizure and tranqulllzlng
chemotherapy. Control patients not taking drugs
tended to resemble the general population in terms of
organochlorine residues, but drug takers showed
greatly lowered levels of both p.p'DDE and p.p'DDT.
The combination of phenobarbital and diphenylnydan-
toin seemed to be the most effective in depressing
serum pesticides and remained so even in patients
taking other drugs concurrently. P.P'DDE was found at
detectable levels in all patients sampled, but the fre-
quency of occurrence of p.p'DDT was considerably
decreased among the drug takers. This was particular-
ly true of patients receiving both phenobarbital and dl-
phenylhydantoin concurrently. The possibility that the
catabolism of p.p'DDT is inducea preferentially to that
of p.p'DDE by the phenobarbital-diphenylhydantoin
combination is discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'DDT, 'Toxicology, 'Tranquil-
izer drugs, 'Anticonvulsants, Patients, Gas chroma-
tography, Drug therapy, Chlorine organic compounds,
Tables(Data), Experimental data, Drugs, Metabolism,
Pharmacology, Blood chemical analysis, Chemothera-
py, Reprints, Mentally retarded persons, 'DDE insecti-
cide, Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB-279 748/8
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
The Toxicity of Dleldrln to Man, Report on a
Survey,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes. Jr. 1959,22p
Pub. In Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 20 p891-9121959.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Increased use of dleldrln for malaria control has been
caused by several factors, Including sporadic resist-
ance of some vectors to DDT. Poisoning of spray-men
by dleldrin has been recognized in five widely separat-
ed countries and reported informally from several
others. In some cases illness has recurred months
after the last exposure. Observations of antimalaria
programmes In Kenya, Tanganyika, Indonesia,
IndlafBombay State), and Iran ana a review of the rele-
vant literature have shown that the hazard associated
with dieldrin Is proportional to the degree of workers'
exposure as determined by concentration of spray,
area of bare skin, duration of contact, and lack of hy-
giene. Measurements of workers' exposure and a
review of toxiclty by different routes incriminates skin
contamination as the greatest hazard under practical
conditions. It is considered that dleldrin should not be
used without justification; If It Is required, then certain
December 1983 391
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
individual and group protective measures listed in this
paper may minimize, but not necessarily eliminate, the
risk. The author enumerates certain features of the
toxicology of dieldrin which require intensive research.
Keywords: 'Dieldrin, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Toxic-
ity, Humans, Insecticides, Surveys, Malaria, Recom-
mendations, Disease vectors, Foreign countries, Iran,
India, Indonesia, Africa, Measurement, Kenya, Tan-
ganyika, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational
safety and health.
PB-279 749/6
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Concentration of O,P'-DDT In Rat Brain at Various
Intervals after Dosing,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
W. E. Dale, M. F. Copeland, G. W. Pearce, and J. W.
Miles. 8 Feb 65,4p
Pub. in Arch. int. Pharmacodyn., 162, n1 p40-43 1966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
At the same oral dosage of 150 mg/kq, p,p'-DDT pro-
duces severe illness in all rats and kills about half of
them, but o,p'-DDT produced no illness. However, the
concentration of o,p'-DDT in the brain at various inter-
vals after dosing was about the same as that reported
by Dale et al. for p,p'-DDT given at the same dosage.
At a dosage of 3000 mg/kg, o,p'-DDT produces mild to
moderate illness and the concentration in the brain
was 5 to 9 times the concentration of p,p'-DDT re-
quired to produce similar symptoms. The ethylene de-
rivative of o.p'-DDT (o,p'-DDE) was not detected In any
of the brains. Thus, p,p'-DDT appears to be inherently
more toxic than the o,p -isomer.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Rats, Brain, Laboratory
animals, Experimental data, Dosage, Lethal dosage,
Ingestion(Biology), Bioassay, Toxicrty, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-279 750/4
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls (Aroclor 1242): Effects
of Uptake on E. coll Growth,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
Julian E. Keil, Charles D. Graber, Lamar E. Priester,
and Samuel H. Sandifer. 1972,3p
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, n1 p175-
177, Apr 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
Experiments were performed to study the effects of
PCBs In vitro on a facultative organism, Escherichia
coll, common to human Intestinal flora. This bacterium
was also selected because It is the prime indicator of
fecal contamination.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Metabolism, Bac-
teria, Escherichia coll, Chlorine organic compounds,
Growth, In vitro analysis, Tables(Data), Experimental
data, Microorganisms, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
DDT, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Aroclor
1242, 'Toxic substances.
PB-279 751/2
(Order as OB-279 739, MF A01)
Insecticide Toxicology: Manifestations of Cotton-
field Insecticides In the Mississippi Delta,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Richard E. L. Fowler. 3 Jun 53,5p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v1 n6 p469-
473,10 Jun 53.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groups, PB-279739.
A survey of school attendance and mortality records,
hospital admissions, and illness anmong plantation
groups was undertaken to determine the possible toxic
hazard from the use of modem insecticides in the Mis-
sissippi Delta. In all studies reported no evidence could
be found that pesticides were the direct or Indirect
cause of any chronic disease or a contributing cause in
diseases generally recognized as having other etiol-
ogies. A definite problem exists in relation to wide-
spread use of toxic compounds by inadequately
trained and sometimes careless people.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Insecticides, Health surveys, Diseases, Mortality,
Medical records, Mississippi, Epidemiology, Etiology,
Toxic diseases, Schools, Morbidity, Children, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and health,
Admission(Health care facilities).
PB-279 752/0
(Order as PB-279 739, MF A01)
Dilatation of the Pupils In Parathlon Poisoning,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Ernest M. Dixon. 1957,2p
Pub. in the Jnl. of the American Medical Association,
v163 n6 p444-445, 9 Feb 57.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 8, PB-279 739.
In two severe but nonfatal cases of poisoning from
dermally absorbed parathion, initial dilatation of the
pupils resulted in delay in accurate diagnosis and ade-
quate treatment, especially full atropinization. Overem-
phasis was accorded miosis. There is need for reliance
on a carefully taken history of exposure and on a com-
prehensive analysis of all signs and symptoms. The
presence or absence of miosis is of practical but limit-
ed significance in the differential diagnosis of early par-
athion poisoning.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Toxicology,
Diagnosis, Signs and symptoms, Insecticides, Toxic
diseases, Clinical medicine, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Physiological effects, 'Parathion, Phosphor-
othioic acid/0-O-(dimethyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-
ester), Pupils, Dilation, 'Toxic substances, Reprints.
PB-279 757/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment Sampling System: Design and
Development. Final rept. Mar 76-Dec 77,
AcurexCorp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
D. E. Blake. Feb 78,207p EPA/600/7-78/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2153
The report chronologically describes the design and
development of the Source Assessment Sampling
System (SASS). The SASS train is the principal sam-
pling element for ducted sources when performing
EPA's Level 1 environmental assessment studies. As
such, it samples process streams and separates the
samples into filterable paniculate (four size fractions),
organic vapors, and inorganic vapors. The design con-
cept and philosophy are discussed, as well as the evo-
lutionary development of the system. Developmental
testing, problem areas, and subsequent system
changes are described in detail. The report also in-
cludes a complete description of the calibration proce-
dures and system used to determine the size cut
points of the paniculate fractionating cyclones used.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Gas analysis, Assess-
ments, Sampling, Design criteria, Incinerators, Probes,
Particles, Cyclone separators, Filters, Calibrating, Aer-
osols, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Air pol-
lution, Revisions, Field tests, Organic compounds,
Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Computer pro-
grams, *Alr pollution detection, Source assessment
sampling system.
PB-279 773/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Economic Impact Analysis of Anticipated Hazard-
ous Waste Management Regulations of the Leath-
er Tsnnlng and Finishing Industry. Final rept,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, Kans.
Daniel W. Francke, Richard E. Seltzer, and Donald J.
Wissman. Feb 78,124p 252, EPA/530/SW-157C
Contract EPA-68-01-4339
This report covers the economic impact analysis of
hazardous waste management regulation on the leath-
er tanning and finishing industry (SIC 3111). For pur-
poses of the study, the industry was segmented by dif-
ferent types of firms and plants that produce hazard-
ous waste. A total of six different segments were even-
tually established and described. Of the six segments,
four were sub-categorized according to representative
plant sizes. Furthermore, the study includes an Impact
analysis methodology, evaluation of financial condi-
tions, description of price determinants and other fac-
tors affecting supply and demand, costs of compli-
ance, estimation of impacts and limits of the analysis.
The Imposition of a hazardous waste management
regulation on the industry is estimated to generally
create minor impacts on leather tanners. No tanners
are expected to close because of increased costs al-
though split tanners could be forced to shut down if
costs are slightly higher than used in the analysis. With
costs 20 percent higher, split tanners are projected to
experience negative net present value and would be
assumed to shut down. Other impacts, such as on
prices, production, employment and international
trade, are projected to be negligible.
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Hazardous materials,
'Regulations, 'Leather, 'Tanning materials, Manage-
ment planning. Economic analysis, Manufacturing,
Cost analysis, Prices, 'Solid wastes, SIC 3111.
PB-279 790/0 PC A04/MF A01
Solid Waste Management Manpower - Profile and
Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
1978, 63p EPA/530/SW-161C
The report consists of an analysis of the management
manpower involved in solid waste. The analysis will
cover the manpower situation at the state level, the
local operating level and in the area of resource recov-
ery. The labor-management segment presents the
reasons, results and solutions to problems between
labor and management, and designs programs to pro-
duce incentive in workers. The impact of events on
solid waste manpower examines cost pressures, en-
forcement of air pollution standards and financing of
the system. Employment opportunities versus efficien-
cy in management explores the situation of providing
jobs while having to meet set environmental quality
and efficiency standards. Current training programs
are reviewed at local and state levels, in the area of re-
source recovery, formal and private industry.
Keywords: 'Manpower utilization, 'Personnel man-
agement, Solid waste disposal, Labor relations, Spe-
cialized training, Supervision, Job satisfaction, Stand-
ards, Productivity, Incentives, Skilled workers, Un-
skilled workers, Solid waste management.
PB-279 828/8 PC A19/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
St. Louis Demonstration Final Report: Power Plant
Equipment, Facilities and Environmental Evalua-
tions. Rept. for Oct 74-Nov 75,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
P. G. Gorman, L. J. Shannon, M. P. Schrag, and D. E.
Fiscus. Dec 77,433p EPA/600/2-77/155B
Contracts EPA-68-02-1324, EPA-68-02-1871
See also report dated Sep 77, PB-272 757.
This report describes the results of the evaluation of
the equipment and facilities for the firing of refuse-de-
rived fuel and the assessment of the gaseous aque-
ous, and solid waste discharges associated with firing
refuse-derived fuel during the St. Louis-Union Electric
Refuse Fuel Project. Data Collection and testing at the
Union Electric Company's Meramec power plant com-
menced In October, 1974 and continued through No-
vember, 1975. A corner fired pulverized coal boiler
with a nominal 125 MW generating rate was used for
the test program. A major portion of the effort was di-
rected to the assessment of the emissions and poten-
tial environmental impacts associated with the burning
of coal plus refuse derived fuel in the boiler, including
an assessment of the efficiency of the electrostatic
precipitator used as a pollution control device. This In-
cluded evaluation of both conventional pollutants such
as total particulates but also potentially hazardous pol-
lutants. The test program included sampling and analy-
sis of all Input/output streams including coal, refuse-
derived fuel, ash, and water used for bottom ash re-
moval. It also included monitoring the boiler perform-
ance, the electrostatic precipitator performance, the
firing system performance, and documentation and
analysis of the costs associated with firing refuse-de-
rived fuel.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Refuse disposal, Solid waste disposal, Boilers,
Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Equipment, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, 'Refuse derived fuels, Saint
Louis(Missourl).
392 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-279 831/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Control Programs Development Div.
A Primer on Auto Emissions Systems for Home
Mechanics. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Industrial
Sciences.
B. D. Haves, M. T. Maness, and R. A. Ragazzi. Nov 77,
100p* EPA/450/3-77/043
Grant EPA-T-900621-01-0
This booklet has been designed to acquaint the aver-
age home mechanic with the basic emissions control
systems and components installed on today's cars. It
stresses the fact that emissions control equipment has
been Installed to reduce the amount of pollution dis-
charged to the atmosphere from automobiles and thus
protect the health of people. The booklet is only in-
tended to provide a basic knowledge and understand-
ing of emissions control systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Automobiles, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Instructional materials, Catalytic
converters, Crankcases, Inspection, Maintenance, Hy-
drocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Smog, Carbon monox-
ide, Air cleaners, Equipment specifications, Manuals,
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Positive crank-
case ventilation, 'Vehicle emission controls.
PB-279 848/6 PC A03/MF A01
Investigations of Seven Disposal Locations Used
by Seafood Processors at Dutch Harbor, Alaska -
October 1976 - September 1977. Working paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
D. W. Kama. Feb 78, 47p EPA/910/8-78-10
See also report dated May 77, PB-269 545.
This report is intended to supplement the water quality
Investigations conducted at Dutch Harbor which were
reported in PB 269 545. The specific objectives of the
1977 survey were to determine (1) the extent of old
(pre-1977) and new deposits of shellfish wastes at the
disposal locations on the west side of Amaknak Island,
(2) INuliuk Harbor, and (3) the hydrogen sulflde levels in
recently discharged and old shellfish deposits.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Monitoring, 'Water
pollution, Clams, Food processing, Seafood,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrogen sulflde, pH,
Residues, Shellfish, Waste disposal, Alaska, Amaknak
Island, Iliulluk Harbor, 'Water quality data.
PB-279 872/6 PC A07/MF A01
todustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Removal and Recovery of Sulflde from Tannery
Waatewater. Research and development rept. Mar
70-Apr76,
Blueside Co., Inc., St. Joseph, Mo.
Robert H. Savers, and Roger J. Langlais. Dec 77, 142p
Recovery of sulflde from tannery waste was accom-
plished through acidification with sulfuric acid in a
closed system and removing hydrogen sulfide formed
by blowing with air. Sulfide was then absorbed in caus-
•p solution to produce re-usable sodium sulfide/sulf-
"ydrate liquor for the tanning un-halring process. Plant
scale equipment was used in demonstration. The re-
covered sulfide was reused at the tannery and resulted
ln an annual savings of $397,437 for chemicals. The
annual cost of the recovery system was $305,385.
operational difficulties, design modifications, and cost
"Jiecth/eness are discussed in detail. Protein recovery
JJ recognized as an adjunct to the acidification proce-
oure and significant reduction In BOD loading is
•cnievable by subsequent clarification.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sulfides, 'Tan-
n|ng materials, Leather, Materials recovery, Industrial
"JMas, Acidification, Absorption, Equipment, Design
pjneria, Proteins, Reclamation, Data analysis, Coagu-
Ifpon, Sedimentation, Revisions, Performance evalua-
Dori, Process charting, Biochemical oxygen demand.
PC A03/MF A01
""proved Temperature Stability of Sulfur Dioxide
Collected by the Federal Reference
f^ronrnerrtal Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Quality Assurance Branch.
. Fuerst. Apr 78, 42p EPA/600/4-78/018
This report describes an examination of the reagents
present in the SO2 Federal Reference Method (FRM)
to determine if any change in reagent concentration or
condition could bring about substantial, if not com-
plete, retardation of the effect of temperature on the
stability of collected SO2 samples. The parameters Ini-
tially evaluated were pH, tetrachloromercurate (TCM),
and chloride ion concentration. With the development
of a modified collecting solution based on these stud-
ies (0.04M TCM with a Hg(+2) to Cl(-) of 1 /16), collec-
tion efficiency and order of reaction of the modified
collecting reagent were determined. Using an Arrhen-
ius plot of the experimental data, an equation was de-
rived which describes the relationship between rate of
decay of collected SO2 samples and temperature. The
modified collecting reagent was found to increase the
stability of the collected SO2 samples over a wider
temperature range. Thus the effect of temperature was
reduced by about 10C when compared against previ-
ous SO2 FRM data. The improvements developed
here could be used to liberalize the present tempera-
ture specification required to insure the stability of col-
lected SO2 samples.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Gas analysis, Samples,
pH, Chemical analysis, Temperature, Stability, Mercury
inorganic compounds, Chlorine inorganic compounds,
Ions, Reaction kinetics, Concentration, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Federal reference method, Mercurate/te-
trachloro, Chloride ions.
PB-279 874/2 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Virginia Lakes.
Report for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, R. W.
Thomas, and M. K. Morris. Sep 77,46p EPA/600/3-
77/ 100
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of Phytoplankton in the 8 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey In the State of Virginia.
Results from the calculation of several water quality In-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
'Lakes, 'Reservoirs, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy,
Sites, Tables(Data), Virginia, * Eutrophlcatlon, Trophic
level, 'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB-279 886/6 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Solid Waste Management Program.
Development of a Sanitary Landfill Environmental
Impact Statement for Snohomlsh County, Wash-
ington,
Snohomlsh County Dept. of Public Works, Everett,
Wash. Solid Waste Div.
Rodney G. Hansen, Byron D. Robertson, and Ronald
J. Owes. Oct75,291 p EPA/910/9-77/041
Grant EPA-S-801761
The report briefly describes the process of preparing
an environmental impact statement for a major, re-
gional sanitary landfill In Snohomlsh County, Washing-
ton. The statement was prepared pursuant to the
Washington State Environmental Policy Act (Chapter
43.21 C, Revised Code of Washington), which parallels
the National Environmental Policy Act. The report
stresses the value of developing the EIS In concert
with the site selection and design activity. Copies of
both the Draft and Final Environmental Impact State-
ments are appended.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Environmental impact statements, Preparation,
Design, Legislation, Government policies, Site sur-
veys, Topography, Vegetation, Air pollution, Water pol-
lution, Fishes, Wildlife, Esthetics, Noise pollution, Envi-
ronmental health, Washington(State), Snohomish
County(Washington).
PB-279 888/2 PC A14/MF A01
State and Local Grant Awards • October-March FY
1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Mar 77,308p EPA/GAD/2-78/01
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of October - March FY1977 for state
and local grant programs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Grants, Construction,
States(Unlted States), Municipalities, Project planning,
Pesticides, Water supply, Sewage treatment, Hazard-
ous materials, Radioactive wastes, Education,
Tables(Data), Sewage treatment plants, Listings.
PB-279 909/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Productivity Gains from Diversifying the Sanita-
tion Truck Fleet In New York City. Final rept.
Fund for the City of New York.
Dec 77,63p EPA/530/SW-159C
Grant EPA-S-804694
Results of a limited test of refuse collection vehicles In-
dicate productivity per worker in New York City could
be increased on three man crews from 3.78 tons per
man day to 5.44 tons. Using two man crews, productiv-
ity could be Increased from 3.04 tons per man day to
4.56 tons. Total cost savings for fleet diversification
are estimated at 25-30 million dollars annually.
Keywords: 'Productivity, 'Solid waste disposal, New
York, Cost analysis, Trucks, Motor vehicles, Routing,
Personnel management, 'New York City(New York).
PB-279 910/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effect of Handling Procedures on Sample Quality.
Final rept. Dec 76-Nov 77,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
J. W. Adams, T. E. Doerfler, and C. H. Summers. Feb
78,58p EPA/600/7-78/017
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report gives results of an evaluation of the effects
of typical shipping and storage handling procedures on
organic materials collected In Level f environmental
assessment (EA) studies. Parameters reviewed Includ-
ed: sample container composition (amber glass and
high-density linear polyethylene), head space compo-
sition (air or nitrogen), temperature (38C, 21 C, and
5C), lighting (dark and diffuse sunlight), and catalytic
species content. Three sample sets, representing frac-
tions obtained during a Level 1 EA and containing six
model organic compounds, were used. A simulated 3-
week shipping and storage cycle represented elapsed
time between sample collection and analysis. All three
experiments were In accordance with statistical princi-
ples appropriate for conducting factorial experiments.
Experimental results were analyzed using analysis of
variance, to assess the relative effect of each ship-
ping/storage condition studied.
Keywords: 'Materials handling, 'Samples, 'Organic
compounds, 'Environmental surveys, Cargo transpor-
tation, Storage, Chemical analysis, Gas cnromatogra-
phy, Phenols, Chlorine organic compounds, Nitrogen
organic compounds, Hydrocarbons, Aniline/N-metnyl,
Acenaphthene, Benzaldehyde/chloro, Hexadecane,
Blphenyl/dichloro.
PB-279 999/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Nitrogen Dioxide Photolytlc, Radlometrlc, and Me-
teorological Field Data. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-30 Jun
77.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
J. E. Sickles, II, L. A. Ripperton, W. C, Eaton, and R. S.
Wright. Mar 78,187p EPA/600/7-78/053
Contract EPA-68-02-2258
Photolysis of nitrogen dioxide Is a major reaction re-
sulting In the formation of ozone In the troposphere.
The rate constant, k1, for the photodlssoclation of
NO2 Is, under ambient conditions, a function of lati-
tude, solar zenith angle, and cloud coven therefore, kl
Is highly variable. Nitrogen dioxide photolysis data for
calculating k1, and radlometrlc and selected meteoro-
logical data, all under a variety of meteorological con-
ditions, were collected during the spring and fall, 1976.
Data from this study can be used to aid the modeling ol
tropospherlc photochemical air quality and smog
chamber results.
December 1983 393
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, 'Photolysis, *Ozpne,
'Reaction kinetics, Error analysis, Troposphere, Field
tests, Sites, Numerical analysis, Test chambers, Ra-
dlometry, Test chambers, Smog, Tables(Data), Labo-
ratory equipment, Numerical analysis, Sampling, At-
mospheric composition, 'Air quality, *Air pollution de-
tection, Air pollution sampling.
PB-280 001/9 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 11.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1969,81 p-ln 15 articles
Consists of PB-280 002 thru PB-280 016.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 002/7
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Human Health Aspects of DDT,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1969,6p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl., Oct 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The report summarizes research In which DDT has
been studied in both heavily exposed workers and in
groups of volunteers given oral dosages of the pesti-
cide. The population is exposed to DDT from many
sources, such as food, household uses, dust, and air.
The total exposure is not known nor is the relative con-
tribution from the various sources. The exposure from
food has been, and continues to be, carefully investi-
gated. The calculated intake of dietary DDT has been
quite small with an average of slightly less than 0.2 mg
per man per day even when the use of DDT was at its
peak. Present dietary levels based on total diet sur-
veys, however, appear to be approximately 0.02 mg
per man per day, or about 1/10 of the earlier value.
These surveys contain the kinds and quantities of
foods consumed by the 16- to 19-year-old group in our
population and represents almost twice the average
dietary Intake of the average individual.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecti-
cides, Health, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Humans, Exposure, Diet, Dosage, Accu-
mulation, Tissues(Biplogy), Absorption(Biology), Re-
prints, Bloaccumulation, Adipose tissue, Metabolites,
'Toxic substances.
PB-280 003/5
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Oral Toxlclty of Mlrex In Adult and Suckling Rats,
with Notes on the Ultrastructure of Liver
Changes,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines, and Renate D. Kimbrough. 16 Jan
70,8p
Pub. in Arch Environ Health, v21 p7-14, Jul 70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The oral toxicity of mirex and its effect on reproduction
was studied in rats. The one-dose oral lethal dose for
50% survival of the group (LD50) in females was 365
mg/kg/day; the 90-dose oral LD50 was 6 mg/kg/day.
The cnronlclty factor was 60.8. Females fed 25 ppm
mirex had fewer offspring born alive, significantly fewer
offspring survived to weaning, and many pups devel-
oped cataracts. Females fed 5 ppm produced normal
litters. Offspring born to mothers fed 25 ppm mirex and
nursed by nontreated foster mothers had a low inci-
dence of cataracts and a normal survival rate to wean-
ing. Gas chromatographic analysis of milk and fetuses
showed excretion of mirex in the milk and passage
through the placental barrier. Livers of male and
female rats fed 25 ppm mirex weighed significantly
more than controls. Proliferation of smooth endoplas-
mic retlculum and osmjophilic dense bodies were ob-
served in these livers with the electron microscope.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Bioassay, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Toxicity, Reproduction(Biology),
Ingestton(Biolqgy), Dosage, Lethal dosage, Females,
Males, Liver, Pathology, Histology, Reprints, 'Mirex,
Fetuses, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 004/3
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Hazards Associated with Unintentional Food Ad-
ditives,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1962,8p
Pub. in Chemical and Biological Hazards in Foods,
0142-1541962.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
Partial contents:
Contamination of Foods;
Storage of DDT;
Mortality caused by pesticides.
Keywords: 'Food contamination, 'Insecticides, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Toxicology, Food poisoning, Hazards, Toxic
diseases, Mortality, DDT, Accumulation, Dosage,
Ingestion(Biology), Reprints, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-280 005/0
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Teratology Studies with 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxya-
cetlc Acid and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-P-
dloxln,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
K. Diane Courtney, and John A. Moore. 22 Feb 71, 8p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 20,
0396-4031971.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-
T), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
were teratogenic in the CD-1, DBA/2J, and C57B1 /6J
strains of mice. Both compounds produced cleft pal-
ates and kidney malformations. When these com-
pounds were administered in combination, the activity
was not potentiated at the doses employed. In the CD
rat, 2,4,5-T was neither teratogenic nor fetotoxic. How-
ever, TCDD produced kidney anomalies. Prenatal ad-
ministration of 2,4,5-T did not affect the postnatal
growth and development of the CD rat.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology,
Mice, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Congenital
abnormalities, Dosage, Injections(Medicine), Pathol-
ogy, Kidney, Cleft palate, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, 'Teratology, Fe-
tuses, 'Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, 'Acetic acia/dich-
lorophenoxy, D 2-4 herbicide.
PB-280 006/8
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Toxlcologlcal Assessment of Hexachloroblphenyl
Isomers and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzofuran In
Chlcke. II. Effects on Drug Metabolism and Por-
phyrln Accumulation,
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, N.C.
Joyce A. Goldstein, James D. McKinney, George W.
Lucier, Patricia Hickman, and Hinda Bergman. 6 Nov
75,12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 36, p81-
921976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The study was undertaken to compare effects of sev-
eral hexachlorobiphenyl isomers on a number of pa-
rameters of hepatic function in the chick, including in-
duction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and
precipitation 01 hepatic porphyria. These effects were
compared with those of TCDF.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Drugs, 'Porphyrins, Organic
compounds, Toxicity, Liver, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Metabolism, Enzymes, Ribosomes, Chickens,
Bioassay, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, Blphenyl/
chloro, Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Biphenyl/hexach-
loro, 'Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro.
PB-280 007/6
(Order as PB-280 001, MF AOI)
The Pesticide Problems of the Agricultural
Worker,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Program.
John E. Davies, Janet C. Cassady, and Amerlco
Raffonelli. 1973,1p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine, v42 n5, May 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The pesticide exposure of the agricultural worker has
formed part of the research investigation of the Com-
munity Pesticide Studies of Dade County. Health ef-
fects nave been studied in the areas of acute, occupa-
tional and incidental exposure. In contrast to other
areas of the United States, acute pesticide poisonings
in this work group have resulted more from spray pro-
cedures and misuse rather than from crop and leaf res-
idue intoxications. Case studies of these intoxications
are presented. With regard to occupational exposure,
significant cholinesterase inhibition had been noted in
a group of 300 agricultural workers; increased organ-
ocnlorine residues were observed and levels were as
high as pesticide formulators. These biological indices
of pesticide exposure were related to SMA-12 data
and blood pressures. The interpretation of these and
other findings are described in this report.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Industrial
medicine, 'Toxicology, Occupational diseases, Per-
sonnel, Exposure, Spraying, Florida, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Reprints, Agricultural workers, Occupational
safety and health, Dade County(Florida).
PB-280 008/4
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
The Chronic Toxlclty of Hexamethylphosphora-
mlde In Rats,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
Renate D. Kimbrough, and Thomas B. Gaines. 1973,
2P
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n4 p225-226 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
Several years ago the authors studied the acute and
subacute toxicity of hexamethylphosphoramide
(HMPA) (Kimbrough and Gaines 1966). HMPA had
been suggested as a chemosterilant for houseflies
(Chang et. al. 1964). In the studies atrophy of the
testes was observed in adult male rats fed 750 ppm
(80-40 mg/kg/day) in the diet for 61-103 days. A high
incidence of pneumonia was also found in the poi-
soned animals. This finding was further investigated
(Kimbrough, R.D. and Sedlak, V.A, 1968). Correspond-
ing observations were made by Jackson et al. (1966,
1969). Shott et al. (1971) reported a reproduction
study where 2 and 10 mg/kg HMPA were given to
male and female rats daily for 169 days. Reproduction
was not affected but a high incidence of murine pneu-
monia was observed. Following a preliminary study
(Kimbrough and Gaines 1966) the authors investigated
the toxicity of HMPA in a long term study in rats with
lower dietary levels. It is the purpose of this communi-
cation to report very briefly the main findings of that
study.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pest conTrol, Toxicity, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Ingestion(Biology), Diet,
Dosage, Respiratory diseases, Lung, Pathology, Neo-
plasms, Kidney, Organic phosphorus compounds,
Amides, "Phosphoric triamide/hexamethyl, 'Toxic
substances, Reprints, 'Chemosterilants.
PB-280 009/2
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Safety of DDVP for the Dlslnsectlon of Aircraft,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1961,5p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 24 p629-633 1961.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
DDVP (O,0-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) is
an organic phosphorus insecticide proposed for use in
the disinsection of aircraft at vapor concentrations
within the range of 0.15-0.25 micrograms per litre of air
for 30 minutes. Safety tests have shown that men can
withstand brief exposure to concentrations as high as
6.9 micrograms per litre and daily 8-hour exposure to
concentrations as high as 0.5 micrograms per litre
without clinical effect and with little or no depression of
blood cholinesterase. It would appear, therefore, that
DDVP could be safely used at the concentrates and
exposure periods required for the disinsection of air-
craft, though further studies will have to be carried out
before this procedure can be definitely recommended.
394 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Insecticides, "Toxicology,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Vapors,
Concentration(Composition), Aircraft, Exposure,
Humans, Standards, Toxicity, Reprints, DDVP,
Threshold limit values, Maximum permissible exposure
level.
PB-280 010/0
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Studies on the Percutaneous Absorption of Par-
athlon and Paraoxon. V. Rate of Absorption of
Paraoxon,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson. 27 Apr 61, 4p
Pub. in Jnl. of Investigative Dermatology, v38 n4 p233-
236, Apr 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The rate of percutaneous absorption of paraoxon (E
600, or diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) has been de-
termined by dose-response comparison following this
mode of administration and intravenous infusion in the
cat. The rate of inhibition of plasma cholinesterase ac-
tivity was chosen as the parameter. Under the condi-
tions of the study, the rate of percutaneous absorption
was found to be constant in a given skin. By extrapola-
tion from the activity curves, it was possible to deter-
mine the time required for paraoxon to diffuse from the
topical deposit to the blood stream. This latency period
was found to be approximately 12 minutes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, En-
zymes, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Dosage, Responses,
Parenteral infusions, Absorptlon(Biology),
Skin(Anatomy), Cats, Bioassay, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, Phosphoric acid/(dlethyl-e
phenyl-ester).
l-ester)-(nitro-
PB-280 011/8
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Toxicity of Hexamethylphosphoramide In Rats,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Renate Kimbrough, and Thomas B. Gaines. 1966,2p
Pub. in Nature, v211 n5045 p146-147,9 Jul 66.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The data show that HMPA has a very specific effect on
the testes of rats when fed at a dietary level of 750
p.p.m. which may be compared with a level of 2.500
P-p.m. in food necessary to cause 100 per cent sterility
m male flies. This comparison shows that the safety of
any future use of HMPA must be based on its moder-
ate toxicity to mammals and on limitation of their con-
tact with it rather than on any important difference in
[he inherent susceptibility of mammals and insects to
the compound.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Ingestion(Biology), Diet,
5>kin(Anatomy), Testis, Reproductive system, 'Toxic
substances, Reprints, 'Chemosterilants, Phosphoric
tnamide/hexamethyl.
PB-280 012/6
_ (Order as PB-280 001 ,MF A01)
Stolen Pesticides,
Medical Coll. of South Carolina, Charleston.
"• L. Pietsch, J. F. Finklea, and Walton L. Ector. 1969,
Pub. in Jnl. of the South Carolina Medical Association,
™5 P237-238, Jul 69.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
Pesticide poisonings now constitute a significant mor-
Didity anc) mortality problem in South Carolina. Misin-
Jpfmation about the source and type of poison is
common, frequently because the poison is stolen. Phy-
PC'ans must acquire and study all available pertinent
""orrnation to insure proper treatment of the patient.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Toxicology,
gjjtn Carolina, Morbidity, Mortality, Cholinesteraseln-
Djptors, Phosphorus organic, Chlorohydrocarbons,
"osage, Lethal dosage, 'Toxic substances, Reprints.
P8-280 013/4
T. (Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
n**ue Distribution of P32-Labeled Parathion,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson, and Jerry K. Bigelow. 16 Feb 61,
5p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v2 p663-
667,Jun61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The tissue distribution of P32-labeled parathion has
been investigated by means of an autoradiographic
technique applied to sections of whole mice. It was
found that the material was absorbed very slowly from
the subcutaneous deposit. The level of radioactivity in
blood was low during the whole period of observation.
The highest activity appeared in the salivary glands
and cervical brown fat. Liver, kidney, and adipose tis-
sues showed high uptake of radioactivity, and fairly
high activity was found in gastric and intestinal walls,
thyroid, spleen, and lungs. Less activity was noted in
the central nervous system, musculature, and bone
marrow. The labeled material was mainly excreted by
the kidneys and not in bile or via the intestinal mucosa.
The relationship between the distribution of the materi-
al and the sequence in which systemic symptoms
appear in parathion intoxications has been pointed out.
The fact that the actual tissue distribution of a cholin-
esterase inhibitor need not necessarily follow the pat-
tern indicated by the enzyme inhibition has been
stressed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Enzyme inhibitors, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Tissues(Biology), Autoradiography, Labeled sub-
stances, Absprption(Biology), Accumulation, Rats,
Laboratory animals, 'Parathion, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Organs, Bioaccumulation, Metabolites.
PB-280 014/2
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Studies on the Percutaneous Absorption of Par-
athion and Paraoxon. I. Hydrolysis and Metabo-
lism Within the Skin,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson, William L. Farrior, Jr., and Robert
F. Witter. 31 May61,9p
Pub. in Acta Dermato Venereologica, v41 p335-343
n.d.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
The ability of the skin of man, cat, rabbit, and rat to hy-
drolyze or otherwise metabolize paraoxon (E 600, or
diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) or parathion (E 605,
or diethyl 4-nitrophenyl thiononophospate) was inves-
tigated using the Warburg technique and paper chro-
matography. Parathion was not hydrolyzed or trans-
formed Into paraoxon by the skin of any of the species
tested. Paraoxon, on the other hand, was hydrolyzed
by skin from man, cat, and rabbit. This reaction, which
was enzyme in nature, occurred at the fastest rate in
the rabbit. In this tissue, about 20 percent of the par-
aoxon was hydrolyzed in 1 hour by 1 gram of skin at
25C, while only about one percent was converted by
skin from man or cat. The relation of these findings to
the percutaneous absorption of these compounds was
discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Metabolism, AbsorptlonJBiology), Skin(Anatomy), Lab-
oratory animals, Cats, Rats, Rabbits, Hydrolysis, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Parathion, 'Phosphoric
acid/(diethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-280 015/0
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Toxicology of Insecticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William M.Uphplt. 1957,3p
Pub. in the Sanitarian, v20 n1 p23-26, Jul-Aug 57.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
Sanitarians should know that the use of pesticides may
present some hazard and this is only one of many rea-
sons why engineering or environmental methods of
insect control should be favored if practical. However,
they should also realize that any recommended insec-
ticide can be safely used if label directions including
good personal hygiene are followed. In spite of all, ac-
cidental poisonings will occasionally occur and the
sanitarian can be useful in such cases if he under-
stands basic first-aid including artificial respiration and
if he knows where technical consultation is available.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Toxicity, Dosage, Ingestion(Biology), Humans, Acci-
dent prevention, Toxic diseases, Safety engineering,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 016/7
(Order as PB-280 001, MF A01)
Review of the Toxicity of Hexachlorophene, In-
cluding Its Neurotoxlclty,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
R. D. Kimbrough. 1973,6p
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Pharmacology, v13 n11-12,
P439-444, Nov-Dec 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 11, PB-280 001.
In addition to the neurotoxic effects, hexachlorophene
was found to be a very potent uncoupler of oxidative
phosphorylation. This effect was responsible for the
body temperature elevation that these authors ob-
served in rats poisoned with hexachlorophene, as well
as for the pronounced rigor mortis and rapid onset of
rigor mortis when rats that have been given hexachlor-
ophene were sacrificed.
Keywords: 'Bactericides, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Toxic
diseases, Humans, Exposure, Ingestion(Biology),
Nervous system, Pathology, Skin(Anatomy), Labora-
tory animals, Bioassay, Lethal dosage, Dosage, Rats,
Body temperature, 'Hexachlorophene, Neurotoxicity,
Toxic substances, Reprints.
PB-280 021-T PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Conservation. Volume 11, Number 1(57), 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1978, 75pTT-77-54005/1
Unedited trans of Ochrona Powietrza (Poland) v11
n1(57) 1977, by Andrzej Skup. See also Volume 10,
Number 6, PB-276 342-T. The above journal is trans-
lated on a regular basis. Sponsored in part by National
Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Special For-
eign Currency Science Information Program.
Contents:
Tar pollution in the fuel thermal decomposition
process during the lightweight aggregate
production;
Performance characteristics of the Polish make
sulfur dioxide analyzer;
The three-phase countercurrent fluidized-bed
technique for gaseous emission control;
Industrial briefs;
Patent review.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Manufac-
turing, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Dust,
Lightweight aggregates, Tars, Gas detectors, Sulfur
dioxide, Performance evaluation, Fluidized bed pro-
cessors, Air pollution control, Design criteria, Transla-
tions, Poland, Air pollution detection.
PB-280 022-T PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Conservation. Volume 11, Number 2(58), 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1978,67pTT-77-54005/2
Unedited trans of Ochrona Powietrza (Poland) v11
n2(58) 1977, by Andrezej Skup. See also Volume 11,
Number 1, PB-280 021-T. The above journal is trans-
lated on a regular basis. Sponsored in part by National
Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Special For-
eign Currency Science Information Program.
Contents:
Pollution of the natural environment with lead and
fluorine compounds at Stronie Slaskie in the
Years 1974 and 1975;
Municipal refuse disposal by incineration;
The effect of sulfur dioxide on corrosive property of
the atmospheric air toward some chromium
steel grades at various relative humidity of air;
Air pollution control in the Katowice Metallurgical
Plant, a newly built Polish metallurgical industry
unit;
Legal aspects and organization;
New technology.
December 1983 395
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *A!r pollution, Lead(Metal), Fluorine, Solid
waste disposal, Incinerators, Sulfur dioxide, Humidity,
Chromium steels, Air pollution control, Polishing, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Translations,
Poland.
PB-280 024/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Source Assessment: Cotton Gins. Final task rept.
Apr75-Nov77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
Q. D. Rawlings, and R. 5. Reznik. Jan 78,82p MRC-
DA-726, EPA/600/2-78/004a
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-279171.
This report describes a study of air pollutants from
cotton gins. Cotton gins separate cotton fibers from
cottonseed and trash. During the 1976 crop year, 2.6 x
10 to the 6th power metric tons of lint cotton were
ginned. Particulates composed of cotton dust, cotton
lint, fine-leaf trash, and other trash are released to the
atmosphere during each step of the ginning process.
The average paniculate emissions for the entire proc-
ess is 3.14 g/kg of cotton ginned. Potential environ-
mental effects from ginning were assessed by deter-
mining the source severity at a typical plant boundary.
Severity is defined as the ratio of the ground level par-
tlculate concentration to a reduced TLV. Source sever-
ities for nine individual emission points at a typical gin
ranged from 1 to 40, while the severity for one other
point was less than 0.01. Cotton gins in the United
States use a combination of cyclones, separators,
condensers, and inline filters to separate cotton and
trash from the conveying air stream and to reduce air
emissions.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Cotton plants, Agricultural
machinery, Process charting, Design criteria, Air pollu-
tion control, Technology, Forecasting, Trends, Indus-
trial hygiene, Dust, Pesticides, Assessments, 'Cotton
gins, Air quality, Emission factors, Threshold limit
values.
PB-280 026/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Handbook for Achieving Adequate Salaries for
State Environmental Positions,
Blaser, Zeni and Co., Chicago, III.
William Blaser.Jun 76,81 p
Contract EPA-88-01-3148
This handbook was prepared by EPA to assist State
Water Pollution Control Agencies to reclassify person-
nel positions and upgrade salaries in order to attract
and retain qualified environmental staff. In discussions
between EPA and State officials across the nation, it
was learned that a major barrier with which they had to
contend in their attempt to strengthen their programs
was salary structures which did not properly reflect the
market for scarce skills. Six States were selected as
prototypes by EPA and the State environmental agen-
cies to test the value of technical assistance to up-
grade salaries. EPA engaged a contractor to provide
intensive assistance to these States. Major findings
and results achieved are included in this handbook.
Keywords: 'Personnel management, 'Salaries, State
government, Government employees, Recruiting, Per-
sonnel selection, Qualifications, Environmental engin-
eerings, Professional personnel. Technical assistance.
PB-280 033/2 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Oxldant Air Pollutant Effects on a Western Conif-
erous Foreet Ecosystem: Task A, Planning Con-
ference. Interim rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
O. C. Taylor. Apr 78,22p EPA/600/3-78-052a
Contract EPA-68-02-0303
See also report dated Jan 73, PB-228 332.
protocol for a study on the impact of oxidant air pollu-
tion from an urban area on a forest ecosystem and rec-
reational area. The conference was held July 21-23,
1971 at the Arrowhead Conference Center in Califor-
nia to discuss procedures to follow in developing a
broad, interdisciplinary study of the effect of air pollut-
ants on the total ecosystem of a western mixed conifer
forest.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Softwoods, *San Bernar-
dino National Forest, Research management, Organi-
zations, Project planning, Recommendations, Plant
ecology, Oxidizers, Forest trees, Monitoring, Climate,
Vegetation, Objectives, Environmental impacts, Evalu-
ation, Meetings, "Coniferous forests, Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-280 034/0 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emis-
sions from Stationary Sources - Second Edition.
Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Energy and Envi-
ronmental Div.
R. M. Evans, R. J. Schreiber, H. B. Mason, W. M. Toy,
and L. R. Waterland. Jan 78,387p* ACUREX/TR-77/
87, EPA/450/1-78/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
See also PB-190 265.
This second edition of Control Techniques for Nitrogen
Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources (AP-67)
presents recent developments of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) control techniques which have become availa-
ble since preparation of the first edition (published,
March 1970). As required by Section 108 of the Clean
Air Act, this second edition compiles the best available
information on NOx emissions; achievable control
levels and alternative methods of prevention and con-
trol of NOx emissions; alternative fuels, processes,
and operating methods which reduce NOx emissions;
cost of NOx control methods, installation, and oper-
ation; and the energy requirements and environmental
impacts of the NOx emission control technology. Each
stationary source of NOx emissions is discussed along
with the various control techniques and process modi-
fications available to reduce NOx emissions. Various
combinations of equipment process conditions and
fuel types are identified and evaluated for NOx emis-
sion control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides, Ex-
plosives, Oxidizers, Revisions, Combustion products,
Equipment, Flue gases, Design criteria, Chemical in-
dustry, Cement, Manufacturing, Coal preparation, De-
sulfurization, Ammonium nitrate, Nitric acid, Fossil
fuels, Performance evaluation, Energy consumption,
Process charting, Environmental impacts, Glasses,
Natural gas, Industrial wastes, Petroleum industry,
Cost analysis, Fuel additives, Incinerators, Space
heating, Substitutes, Fertilizers, Metal industry, Sta-
tionary sources, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-280 048/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atomospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Development of a Portable Device to Collect Sul-
furlc Acid Aerosol. Interim rept. no. 2, Sep 76-Sep
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Herbert C. Miller, David W. Mason, and William J.
Barrett. Mar 78,63p SORI-EAS-77-731,3778-12,
EPA/600/2-78/060
Contract EPA-68-02-2468
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-264 257.
Progress is reported on research to develop a quanti-
tative, interference-free method for collecting airborne
sulfuric acid aerosol on a filter. Since previous re-
search found that severe losses of sulfuric acid were
caused by ammonia, ambient paniculate material, and
other interferents, a method was needed that converts
sulfuric acid to a stable derivative for subsequent anal-
ysis. Methods evaluated for direct fixation of sulfuric
acid aerosol were not found to be selective. Therefore,
a sampling method was investigated that uses a com-
bination of selective volatilization of the sulfuric acid,
prefiltration of paniculate interferents, and derivation
of the vaporized acid on an alkali-impregnated filter.
The initial stages of this current research on the volatil-
ization-derivatization technique are described.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, "Gas analysis, "Air filters,
Aerosols, Particles, Laboratory equipment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Exhaust emissions, Automobiles,
Concentration(Compositlon), Coal, Electric power
plants, 'Air pollution detection, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust system).
PB-280 050/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Organic Characterization of Aerosols and Vapor
Phase Compounds In Urban Atmospheres Final
rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
G. David Mendenhall, Peter W. Jones, Paul E. Strup,
and Warner L. Margard. Mar 78,81p EPA/600/3-78/
031
Contract EPA 68-02-1409
Organic pollutants in urban atmospheres were charac-
terized by analyzing paniculate and/or vapor-phase
samples collected by EPA in St. Louis, Missouri;
Miami, Florida; Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas;
and at the General Motors Test Track in Milford, Michi-
gan. The paniculate samples were extracted with sol-
vents and the extractable materials analyzed by ele-
mental combustion analysis and infrared spectrosco-
pic analysis. To evaluate more than one solvent ex-
traction technique, the paniculate samples were all-
quoted and analyzed by several extraction procedures.
Some of the problems encountered with these proce-
dures are discussed. Vapor-phase samples were col-
lected on Chromosorb 102 cnromatographic traps and
analyzed using qualitative gas chromatography-mass
spectrpmetry analysis. Individual species tentatively
identified are shown on reconstructed gas chromato-
grams and individual mass spectra for allchromatogra-
phic peaks are included in the appendix. Ames Tests
for mutagenicity on model aerosol products were also
conducted. Products tested were from toluene/NOx,
1-heptene/NOx, and alpha-pinene/NOx systems.
None of the aerosol products from these systems
showed mutagenic properties.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Aerosols, "Organic
compounds, Gas analysis, Particles, Solvent extrac-
tion, Infrared spectroscopy, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Urban areas, Mutagens, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB-280 051/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Deelgn and Evaluation of Laboratory Ecological
System Studies,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
Charles E. Warren, and William J. Liss. Dec 77,129p*
EPA/600/3-77/022
Grant EPA-R-802286
Design and evaluation of laboratory ecological system
studies are considered in relation to problems and ob-
jectives in environmental toxicology. Ecological sys-
tems are defined to be organismic systems together
with their level-specific, co-extensive environmental
systems and to occur at individual, population, and
multispecies levels of biological organization. So that
the basis for judgments on the relevance and adequa-
cy of laboratory ecological system studies for solution
of problems in environmental toxicology will be clear, a
conceptual framework defining with abstract general-
izations the nature of biological systems is presented
and employed. And a graphical calculus is used to
deduce isocline systems and dynamic as well as
steady-state behaviors of multispecies systems, so as
to illustrate the importance of empirical evaluation of
the capacities, not simply the performances, of labora-
tory ecological systems. Within the context of apparent
toxicological problems and this conceptual framework,
the relevance and adequacy of laboratory ecological
system studies on toxicant effects and behaviors are
evaluated.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Experimental design, "Labo-
ratories, Models, Simulation, Environments, Closed
ecological systems, Objectives, Methodology, The-
ories, Research, Pollution, Populations, "Ecosystems,
"Biological systems, Microcosms, Toxic substances.
PB-280 057/1 PC A07/MF A01
Water Quality Indices: A Survey of Indices Used In
the United States. Report for Oct 76-Jun 77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Wayne R. Ott. Jan 78,138p* EPA/600/4-78/005
396 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This study documents the extent to which water quality
indices currently are being used in the United States. It
reviews the indices published in the literature and sur-
veys the States and interstate commissions to deter-
mine: (1) which agencies are using indices, (2) the type
of index being used, (3) the purpose of its use, and (4)
the attitudes of agency personnel toward indices. One-
fifth of the State and interstate agencies (12 out of 60
agencies) were classified as users of water quality indi-
ces. Of the 51 State agencies (including the District of
Columbia), 10 States (20 percent) were classified as
index users. The National Sanitation Foundation Index
was the most commonly used index, accounting for 7
of the 12 index users. The remaining agencies use
Harkins' index or various user-developed indices.
Keywords: 'Ratings, 'Water quality, Indexes(Ratios),
Reviews, Classifications, Chemical properties, Physi-
cal properties, Bacteria, Attitude surveys, State gov-
ernment, United States, Water utilization.
PB-280 058/9 PC A06/MF A01
Procedures for Quantifying Relationships Be-
tween Photochemical Oxldants and Precursors:
Supporting Documentation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
W. P. Freas, E. L. Martinez, E. L Meyer, N. C. Possiel,
and D. H. Sennett. Fob 78,109p EPA/450/2-77/021b
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-278142.
This report is a companion document to PB-278 142,
Uses, Limitations and Technical Basis of Procedures
for Quantifying Relationships Between Photochemical
Oxidants and Precursors. Particular emphasis is
placed on providing additional background documen-
tation on the development of the Empirical Kinetic
Modeling Approach (EKMA). Specifically, the report
describes: (1) procedures for estimating the prevailing
6-9 a.m. NMHC/NOx ratio for a city, (2) the use of de-
fault NMHC/NOx ratios, (3) procedures for estimating
transported ozone concentrations and (4) the results
of kinetic model simulations for a range of meteoro-
logical conditions and precursor levels. Topics which
nave general significance in a number of different pro-
cedures for quantifying ozone-precursor relationships
Include the prevailing background concentration of
ozone and the greater importance of transported
ozone as opposed to transported precursors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Oxidizers, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Concentration(Composition),
Atmospheric models, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport
properties, Reaction kinetics, Nomographs, Urban
areas, Wind(Meteorology), Sources, Stratosphere,
empirical kinetic modeling approach.
PB-280 086/2 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 10.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1870,82p-in 13 articles
Consists of PB-280 086 thru PB-280 098.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
pB-280 086/0
__ (Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Primates In Pesticide Research,
environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
vate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
gtenn Morrison. 1970,4p
P*. in Medical Primatology, p843-8461970.
Deluded in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Qroup 10, PB-280 085.
Jne report describes the Perrine Primate Research
"ranch of the Division of Pesticides, Bureau of Sci-
J008, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Any
general public health problem in the United States that
["ay be a result of pollution of food, water, and/or air
Pypesticldes is one that exists at a low level, with pro-
^"Oed exposure. In 1965, a nonhuman primate re-
!**rch program was initiated by the Office of Pesti-
cfcjes of the USPHS to investigate any such possible
[jfpblem. The laboratory is composed of four sections:
Pharmacology, chemistry, training, and a field station
l^ated In Wenatchee, Washington. Only the pharma-
section is directly concerned with nonhuman
' in pesticide research, but there are many
areas of overlapping interest and investigative effort
among the sections.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Primates, 'Lab-
oratory animals, Laboratories, Research, Reprints.
PB-280 087/8
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Poisoning by DDT: Relation between Clinical
Signs and Concentration In Rat Brain,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale, Thomas B. Gaines, Wayland J. Hayes,
Jr., and George W. Pearce. 1963,2p
Pub. in Science, v142(3598) p1474-1476, Dec 63.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
The severity of signs of poisoning in rats after a single
dose of DDT is directly proportional to the concentra-
tion of the compound in their brains. The concentra-
tions associated with death after one large dose are
about the same as those after many smaller doses.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecti-
cides, Rats, Laboratory animals, Toxic diseases, Signs
and symptoms, Brain, Tissues(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Dosage,
Ingestion(Biology), Bioassay, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 088/6
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Chlorinated Insecticides and Related Materials In
Human Urine,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Cipriano Cueto, Jr., and Francis J. Biros. 25 Nov 66,9p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 10,
p261-269 1967.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
A new gas chromatographic method for the analysis of
chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticides and their neutral
metabolites in human urine is presented. Good repro-
ducibility and recovery are obtained. In the majority of
trials, recovery was 80% or better. The method was
applied to urine specimens from men and women of
the general population and has resulted in the detec-
tion of ten isomers or metabolites of chlorinated hydro-
carbon Insecticides. The excretion of these materials
in the urine of individuals with no occupational expo-
sure to chlorinated insecticides has not been detected
previously. It is undoubtedly the extremely high sensi-
tivity of the electron-capture detector to chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides and the good reproduciblllty
of measurements made in this way that make it possi-
ble to establish the excretion levels demonstrated In
this work.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides. Ex-
cretion, Urine, Humans, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Gas chromatography, Reprints, 'Urlnalysis, Metabo-
lites, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 089/4
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Chlorinated Insecticides In the Body Fat of
People In the United States,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
William E. Dale, and Griffith E. Qulnby. 1963,3p
Pub. In Science, v142 p593-595,1 Nov 63.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
Benzene hexachlorlde and dieldrin are present in the
body fat of people in the general population of the
United States. The mean concentration of dieldrin is
0.15 plus or minus 0.02 parts per million, which is in
good agreement with the concentration reported for
southern England. The mean concentration of ben-
zene hexachloride is 0.20 plus or minus 0.04 ppm,
which is considerably lower than the mean concentra-
tion reported for France. Paired analyses of DDT by
gas chromatographic and colorimetric methods show
that the results of the latter may give incorrectly high
results when applied to human fat.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Dieldrin, Tissues(Biology), Humans, United States,
ConcentrationfComposition), France, Great Britain,
Populations, Reprints, Adipose tissue, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Cyclohexane/hexachloro.
PB-280 090/2
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Determination of Chlorinated Insecticides In
Human Blood,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga".
William E. Dale, August Curley, and Wayland J. Hayes,
Jr. 1967,6p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, p275-280, Apr
67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 10, PB-280 085.
Both the simple hexane extraction and the heat volati-
zation method give good recovery of chlorinated hy-
drocarbon insecticides from water. In vitro binding of
all these materials can be demonstrated by both ana-
lytical methods. This suggests the possibility of binding
in vivo, but it is certain that the two kinds of binding are
not identical. The volatilization method gives lower re-
covery of added material, but it gives higher recovery
of the same materials present through metabolism in
blood taken from the general population. Application
of the volatilization method demonstrated higher con-
centrations of pesticides and their metabolites in the
plasma of men as compared with the plasma of
women, and the same was true in some instances of
whole blood and RBC.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
'Blood chemical analysis, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Humans, Chemical analysis, Blood,
Concentration(Composition), Vaporizing, Extraction,
Populations, Exposure, Males, Females, Metabolism,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 091/0
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Effect of Repeated Administration of Phenobarbl-
tal on the Metabolism of Dieldrin,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Cipriano Cueto, Jr., and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1967,5p
Pub. in Industrial Medicine and Surgery, p546-551, Aug
67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 10, PB-280 085.
The data presented in this paper show that phenobar-
bital decreases the storage level of dieldrin in fat with-
out any appreciable effect on the concentration of the
pesticide In liver. The decreased level in fat may be ex-
plained on the basis of an increased liver microsomal
enzyme activity. As the metabolic turnover In the liver
increases, more of the metabolized pesticide is excret-
ed and less dieldrin is channeled to the fat depots. The
rate of liver metabolism of dieldrin does not appear to
be a limiting factor In the storage of dieldrin In the liver
itself. It Is safe to assume that, in conrast to fat, the
presence of dieldrin In the liver is more dependent
upon dosage and fatty content than upon rate of bio-
transformation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Dieldrin, "Phe-
nobarbltal, 'Toxicology, Metabolism, Chlorine organic
compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons, Barbiturates, Drugs,
Detoxification, Tlssues(Blology), Liver, Fats,
Absorption(Blology), Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Adi-
pose tissue, Bioaccumulation.
PB-280 092/8
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Pesticide Morbidity In South Carolina,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
J. E. Keil, S. H. Sandifer, and R. H. Gadsden. 1970,2p
Contract PH-21-20-17
Pub. in Jnl. of the South Caroline Medical Association,
v66n3p69-70,Mar70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
Of 1157 South Carolina physicians queried, 667 re-
ported they had seen 572 cases of pesticides poison-
ing during the year ending July, 1969. One third of the
cases, with a morbidity rate double that of the state,
occurred in the Sixth Congressional District, an area
characterized by Intensive tobacco and cotton farm-
ing.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'South Caro-
lina, Morbidity, Epidemiology, Toxicology, Agriculture,
Populations, Personnel, Exposure, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances.
December 1983 397
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-280 093/6
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Analytical Diagnosis of Pesticide Poisoning: Col-
lection, Storage, and Shipment of Biological Sam-
ples,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Glenn Morrison, and William F. Durham. 1971, 3p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Medical Association, v216
n2p298-300,12 Apr 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
Approximately 150 deaths a year in the United States
are attributable to pesticide poisoning, with total mor-
bidity reaching up to 100 times that number. Several
sophisticated methods of analyzing biological samples
for pesticides and their metabolic products have been
developed in recent years. However, knowledge of the
existence of these methods, of the sampling tech-
niques required, and of the location of laboratories
where the analyses may be performed has not been
made generally available to the physician. The pur-
pose of this communication is to bridge this gap so that
the practicing physician can derive the most meaning-
ful information from the analytical chemist.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, Toxicology,
Exposure, Chemical tests, Blood chemical analysis,
Urine, Tissues(Biology), Body fluids, Samples, Collect-
ing methods, Storage, Reprints, Clinical chemistry,
'Laboratory diagnosis, 'Toxic substances, Urinalysis,
Histochemistry.
PB-280 094/4
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Behavioral and Physiological Effects of the Cho-
llnesterase Inhibitor Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl Methyl-
carbamate),
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Stephen I. Sideroff, and John A. Santolucito. 23 Feb
72,4p
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v9 p459-462 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
The anticholinesterase pesticide carbaryl was injected
subcutaneously into rats lever-pressing for liquid rein-
forcement. During the test session a low intensity foot-
shock accompanied each lever-press response with
the carbaryl rats exhibiting a smaller response decre-
ment due to the shock. In the second experiment, car-
baryl injected rats displayed a higher behavioral
threshold to footshock. These results appear to ex-
plain other studies in which animals given anticholines-
terase agents show decreased efficiency in performing
an avoidance response. Two additional experiments
examined the effects of carbaryl on motivation for
liquid. Rats lever pressing for liquid reinforcement on
an FR-25 schedule were injected with carbaryl. It was
found that the response onset after each reinforce-
ment was significantly delayed in the carbaryl animals.
This result, in addition to ad lib liquid consumption
data, indicated a decreased drive for water in the car-
baryl animals. Findings, similar to results obtained
using cholinolytics, present an apparent discrepancy
which Is discussed in terms of (a) the necessity of
having an optimum level of Acetylchollne (ACh) in the
brain, (b) the possibility of a peripheral mechanism, or
(c) the possibility of sympathomimetic effects of car-
baryl.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
•Cholinesterase inhibitors, Carbamates, Performance,
Avoidance responses, Motivation, Behavior, Sympa-
thetic nervous system, Nervous system, Bioassay,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Carbaryl, 'Behavioral toxicology.
PB-280 095/1
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Relative Toxicity of Insecticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Samuel W. Simmons, and Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1951,
3p
Pub. in Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, Dec 51.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
The newer pesticides have, In comparison with the
older ones, a good safety record. This is in large part
due to intelligent enforcement of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide Act, and of similar
legislation in the various states. Educational cam-
paigns carried on by a great variety of groups, includ-
ing industry, have helped to familiarize users with the
facts and to establish the custom of reading the labels
on economic poisons. The American Medical Associ-
ation, the U.S. Public Health Service, and others have
called the attention of physicians to the symptomato-
logy and treatment of intoxication caused by various
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Toxicity, Toxic diseases, Accidents, Personnel, Popu-
lations, Morbidity, Mortality, Statistical data, United
States, Public health, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 096/9
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Chlorodlbanzo-p-dlozln Contamination of Two
Commercially Available Pent'achlorophenols,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Ellen C. Villanueva, Virlyn W. Burse, and Ralph W.
Jennings. 5 Mar 73,4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v21 n4 p739-
740 Jul/Aug 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 10, PB-280 085.
A comparison was made of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
contamination in a technical and an analytical grade of
commercially available pentachlorophenols. Hexa-,
hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were found in
both samples. The technical product was more con-
taminated than the analytical one by factors of 1400,
600, and 539 for the hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin, respectively. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin was not found. Results were determined by gas
chromatography and confirmed by infrared spectro-
photornetry and mass spectrometry. Mass spectral
analysis indicated the presence of polychlorodibenzo-
furans and polychlorodiphenyl ethers. A distinction
was made, using gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry, between the chlorodibenzofurans observed
as original constituents of the pentachlorophenol and
those derived from the fragmentation of chlorodi-
phenyl ethers.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Contaminants,
Chlorine organic compounds, Furans, Polymers,
'Dioxin/chlorodibenzo, Reprints, 'Phenol/pentach-
loro, Poly(furan/chloro-dibenzo), Poly(ether/chloro-di-
phenyl), 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 097/7
(Order as PB-280 085, MF A01)
Comparative Acceleration of Llndane Metabolism
to Cnlorophenols by Pretreatment of Rats with
Llndane or with DDT and Llndane,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
R. W. Chadwick, and J. J. Freal. 15 Jun 72,8p
Pub. in Fd Cosmet. Toxicol, v10 p789-7951972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 10, PB-280 085.
The stimulation of (14C)lindane metabolism in rats by
pretreatment with DDT or lindane has been previously
demonstrated in this laboratory. However, it appeared
that the mechanism by which lindane induced its own
degradation differed from the mechanism by which
DDT stimulated lindane metabolism. The present
study attempted to clarify some of the differences in
the metabolism of lindane resulting from pretreatment
of rats with DDT and with lindane itself. Daily treatment
of rats with either lindane alone or with DDT plus lin-
dane permitted an evaluation of the comparative uri-
nary excretion of the lindane-derived chlorophenols.
Rats receiving DDT plus lindane excreted significantly
more 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2,3,4,6- and 2,3,4,5-te-
trachlorophenols by the second day of treatment than
did rats receiving lindane alone. Results of the study
suggest that DDT treatment stimulates the metabolism
of lindane through a selective effect on certain meta-
bolic pathways involved in the oxidative degradation of
lindane.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
•DDT, 'Chlorobenzenes, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Metabolism, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bio-
assay, Excretion, Ingestlon(Blology), Dosage, Re-
prints, 'Lindane, 'Toxic substances, Metabolites.
PB-280 098/5
(Order as PB-280 085, MF M\
DDT In the Diet of the Rat: Its Effect on DDT Stor-
age, Liver Function and Cell Morphology,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Paul Ortega, Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., William F. Durham,
and Arnold Mattson. Feb 56,31 p
Pub. in Public Health Monograph, n43 p1-25 1956. Li-
brary of Congress catalog card no. 56-60062.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 10, PB-280 085.
A total of 178 male and 104 female white rats were fed
levels of DDT ranging from less than 0.05 to 5,000
p.p.m. for periods ranging from 1 week to 14 months.
Mortality was not appreciable, and no effect on growth
was observed on rats fed levels of 400 p.p.m. or less.
Liver weight was definitely increased in rats fed 400
p.p.m; but there was no evidence of increase at 200
p.p.m. or less. Rats stored DDT in proportion to
dosage. Both sexes convert a portion of ingested DDT
to DDE, but female rats store more DDT and much
more DDE than males. Levels of 400 p.p.m. or less
produced histological changes in the liver only. The
changes in the parenchymal cells of the liver consisted
of an increased deposition of fat, margination of cyto-
plasmic granules, hypertrophy of the cells, and most
characteristic-the formation of complex, lipoid, cyto-
plasmic inclusion bodies termed 'lipospheres.' The au-
thors are in general agreement with Laug and asso-
ciates in regard to the presence of cellular alterations
in the liver of rats fed DDT at levels as low as 5 p.p.m.
in the diet.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, *DDT, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Rats, Laboratory animals. Diet,
Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Bioassay, Toxicity, Liver,
Metabolism, Histology, Absorption(Biology), Females,
Males, Sex, Pathology, Reprints, Toxic substances,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-280 115/7 PC A14/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Toxicology of Metals. Volume III,
Permanent Commission and International Association
of Occupational Health. Subcommittee on the Toxicol-
ogy of Metals.
Lars Friberg. Feb 78,308p' EPA/600/1-78/016
Contract EPA-68-02-1287
Prepared in cooperation with National Swedish Envi-
ronmental Protection Board, Stockholm and Karo-
linska Institute), Stockholm (Sweden). See also
Volume 1 dated Mar 76, PB-253 991.
Contents:
General chemistry of metals;
Sampling and analytical methods;
Sources, transport, and transformation of metals In
the environment;
Effects - general principles underlying the toxic
action of metals;
Factors influencing effects and dose-response
relationships of metals;
Epidemiological aspects of assessment of dose-
response and dose-effect relationships;
General aspects of the prevention of metal
poisoning;
General aspects and specific data on ecological
effects of metals;
Standards and criteria;
Clinical effects, diagnosis and treatment of metal
poisoning - general considerations;
Mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Sources,
Sampling, Reviews, Standards, Criteria, Toxic dis-
eases, Industrial medicine, Physiological effects, Diag-
nosis, Therapy, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Dosage, Epi-
demiology, Absorption(Blology), Responses, Relation-
ship, Environmental health, 'Toxic substances, Muta-
genesis, Carcinogenesis, Bioaccumulation, Analytical
methods, Occupational safety and health.
PB-280 117/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste.
Economic Impact Analysis of Anticipated Hazard-
ous Waste Management Regulations on the Bat-
teries, Electronics, and Special Machinery Indus-
tries. Final rept. 8 Sep 77-10 Feb 78,
Kearney (A. T.), Inc., Washington, D.C.
398 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
James Levin, and Charles Saunders. Feb 78, 90p
EPA/530/SW-160C
Contract EPA-68-01-4714
The project consists of an analysis of the economic im-
pacts of alternative regulatory levels for hazardous
waste management in the batteries, electronics and
special machinery industries. The analysis will consist
of three segments: Industry profile, cost of compli-
ance, and economic impact analysis. The Industry Pro-
file will delineate the products, producers, and plant
characteristics in the industries. The Cost of Compli-
ance will review the hazardous waste streams generat-
ed by each of the industry groups, together with esti-
mates of compliance costs associated with alternative
management technologies. The Economic Impact
Analysis will assess the economic impacts associated
with incremental hazardous waste management costs
for the industry groups in such areas as: availability of
facilities, financing, prices, employment, plant closures
and balance of trade.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Economic impacts,
'Batteries, 'Machinery, 'Electric devices, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, Manufacturing, Industrial
wastes, Substitutes, Technology, Financing, Prices,
Employment, Balance of trade, (National government,
SIC 3691 , SIC 3692, SIC 367, SIC 355, SIC 357.
PB-280 118/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste.
Burning Waste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In a
Cement Kiln. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Service, Montreal (Quebec).
L. D. McDonald, D. J. Skinner, F. J. Hopton, and G. H.
Thomas. Jan 78, 221 p EPA/530/SW-147C
Contract EPA-68-01 -2966
An experimental program was carried out in 1 975/76
at the St. Lawrence Cement Co., Mississauga, Ontario
in which waste chlorinated hydrocarbons, containing
up to about 46 weight percent chlorine, were burned In
a rotary cement kiln. Materials burned included mix-
tures of ethylene dichloride, chlorotoluene and up to
approximately 50 percent polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB). These materials were destroyed in the cement
Kiln with at least 99.98 percent efficiency in all cases.
Emissions of high molecular weight chlorinated hydro-
carbons were not detected. Three light chlorinated hy-
drocarbons, dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon
tetrachloride, were found in the emissions in the part
Per billion or lower range. The quantity of precipitator
dust requiring disposal, as well as emissions of particu-
Jate matter, increased during the test. A reduction in
fossil fuels used while burning chlorinated hydrocar-
bons was noted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Incinerators, Pesticides, Particles, Chloro-
wm, Carbon tetrachloride,
Concentration(Composition), Kilns, Performance eval-
uation, 'Liquid waste disposal, Toluene/chloro,
Mi88issauga(0ntario), Polychlorinated biphenyls, Eth-
ylene/dichloro.
PB-280 123/1 PC A03/MF A01
Fuel Economy of Heavy Duty Vehicles,
tnvlronmentaf Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France. Sep 76, 31p HDV-76-01
See also report dated May 76, PB-275 952.
This report summarizes the fuel economy data analy-
sis performed on data from the report, A Study of
emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles. The contract in-
volved emission testing of 30 trucks. The truck stratifi-
cation included two axle single unit trucks, 3 axle
"ingle unit trucks, and tractor trailer trucks. Eighteen
aasoline and twelve diesel engine powered trucks con-
stituted the 30 tested. All measurements were taken
On a chassis dynamometer. From the emission meas-
urements, fuel consumption was calculated using the
°a™on balance technique. Although both transient
and steady state data were gathered, only the steady
state fuel consumption was analyzed In this effort.
Conclusions: diesel powered trucks peak fuel econo-
my was attained at 30 mph; gasoline powered trucks
PMk fuel economy occurred at 40 mph for light load
•«« conditions, 30 mph at heavier.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust emissions,
"rucks, 'Fuel economy, Air pollution,
"-oncentrationfComposltlon), Sampling, Diesel en-
gines, Gasoline engines, Dynamometers, Velocity,
Graphs, Tables(Data), 'Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-280 125/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Elimination of Pollutants by Utilization of Egg
Breaking Plant Shell-Waste. Final rept.,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
J. M. Vandepopuliere, H. V. Walton, W. Jaynes, and O.
J. Cotterill. Mar 78,47p EPA/600/2-78/044
GrantEPA-S-803614
Egg breaking plants yield an estimated 50,000 tons of
waste annually. These wastes are commonly disposed
of on land. This method of disposal is becoming more
difficult due to the potential for pollution of local water
resources. A triple pass rotary drum dehydrator was in-
stalled at an egg breaking plant. With appropriate engi-
neering modifications a system for producing egg shell
meal from the total egg shell waste from the breaking
plant was developed.This meal was utilized as a feed-
stuff by a local mill and Incorporated Into a layer diet.
This diet was fed to several commercial flocks of cage
layers. Appropriate data were collected to determine
meal production costs, yield of meal, feed produced,
feeding data, and layer flock performance. COD and
BOD data were generated to determine the pollution
potential of the waste were it not converted to a useful
by-product.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, Industrial wastes, Feeding stuffs, Eggs, Dehy-
drators, Design criteria, Milling, Cost analysis, Operat-
ing costs, Chemical oxygen demand, Chemical com-
position, Performance evaluation, Microorganisms,
Moisture content, 'Land disposal, 'Egg breaking
plants, Egg industry, Biochemical oxygen demand.
PB-280 126/4 PC AOS/MF A01
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineer-
ing.
Development and Fabrication of a Prototype Fi-
brous Aerosol Monitor (FAM),
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Pedro Lllienfeld, and Paul B. Elterman. Dec 77,86p
DHEW/PUB/NIOSH-78/125,, EPA/600/7-77/147
Contract PHS-NIOSH-210-76-0110
This report describes a program whose objective was
to develop, design, fabricate and laboratory-test two
prototype instruments capable of real-time selective
detection and measurement of airborne fibrous-
shaped particles. The selective detection of the fibers
is effected by synchronous detection of the resulting
modulation of the light scattered from a continuous-
wave helium-neon laser beam by the rotating particles.
The theory of operation, design of the electric-optical
detection configuration and the electronic signal proc-
essing method are discussed. By means of a scatter-
ing pulse sharpness discrimination technique, libers
whose length exceed a selectable value are detected
and their number concentration digitally displayed. A
concentration of the order of one fiber per cubic centi-
meter can be assessed within a relative standard devi-
ation of 10 percent with a counting period of 10 min-
utes. The FAM is a portable, battery-powered instru-
ment capable of operating continuously for about 4
hours between battery charges. Preliminary tests with
crocidollte and crysotile asbestos as well as with glass
fibers were performed in the laboratory and the results
indicate good correlation with the standard NIOSH
phase contrast microscopy filter counting method.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Aerosols, 'Particles, Opti-
cal equipment, Asbestos, Glass fibers, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Concentratlon(Composition),
Manuals, Light scattering, Fibers, Air pollution, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-280 135/5 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Data Base for Standards/Regulations Develop-
ment for Land Disposal of Flue Qas Cleaning
Sludges. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Dallas E:Weaver, Curtis J. Schmidt, and John P.
Woodyard. Dec 77,299p EPA/600/7-77/118
Contract EPA-68-03-2352
This study addresses the problem of flue gas cleaning
(FGC) sludge disposal to the land. It considers the
problem from a potential regulatory approach, looking
at the various aspects which could play a part in deter-
mining the best practical control technology currently
available. Factors that were taken into consideration
include: (1) the origin of the FGC sludge problem
(character of the fuel, combustion process, gas clean-
ing and sludge management); (2) criteria for the evalu-
ation of sludge disposal options (sludge characteris-
tics, health, ecological, safety, and aesthetic consider-
ations); (3) applicable, existing or proposed standards/
regulations (solid waste, hazardous waste, drinking
water, and air pollution regulations); and (4) impacts of
applying existing standards/regulations to the disposal
of flue gas cleaning sludges (cost aspects). The report
presents 14 conclusions supporting the need for FGC
sludge disposal regulations and suggests a decision
tree approach to the formulation of guidelines and limi-
tations for FGC sludge management which takes into
account site specific geographical and hydrological
considerations. The report contains 179 references
and an Appendix on The Equations of Mass Transport.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
Flue gases, Regulations, Technology, Air pollution
control, Industrial wastes, Environmental surveys,
Sulfur oxides, Materials recovery, Substitutes, Chemi-
cal properties, Physical properties, Potable water,
Water pollution, Standards, Sites, Public health,
Safety, Ecology, Cost analysis, 'Land disposal, Water
quality.
PB-280 139/7 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Tennessee
Lakes. Report for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, and
F. A. Morris. Jan 78, 75p EPA/600/3-78/016
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 16 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Tennes-
see. Results from the calculation of several water qual-
ity indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
'Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
Tables(Data), Tennessee, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, 'Species diversity, Bioindlcators.
PB-280 140/5 PC A06/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Ohio Lakes.
Report for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
J. W. Hilgert, V. W. Lambou, f. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
and L. R. Williams. Jan 78,102p EPA/600/3-78/015
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 20 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Ohio.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water quality,
•Lakes, Surveys, Abundance, Taxonomy, Sites,
Tables(Data), Ohio, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level,
•Species diversity, Blolndicators.
PB-280 143/9 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Operation Breakthrough Site Management Sys-
tems and Pneumatic Trash Collection. Executive
Summary. Final rept.,
Hlttman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Jack Preston Overman, Terry G. Statt, and David A.
Kolman. Feb 78,40p EPA/600/8-78/001
Contract EPA-68-03-0094
Sponsored In part by Department of Housing and
Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Energy, Bulld-
December 1983 399
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing Technology, and Standards, Div. See also report
dated Apr 76, PB-260 495.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development
Operation Breakthrough programs demonstrate quiet-
er, more sanitary, more convenient, and more eco-
nomical waste collection systems within buildings,
complexes, and municipalities. In the study summa-
rized here, nine Operation Breakthrough sites were
analyzed and compared as to economics, effective-
ness, environmental factors, efficiency of operation,
and acceptance by residents. Eight of the sites used
various trash collection methods ranging from conven-
tional curbside pickup to centralized compaction and
pickup. The ninth site, Jersey City, New Jersey, used a
pneumatic trash collection (PTC) system, the first in-
stallation of its kind in a residential complex in the U.S.
This report summarizes the evaluation of the refuse
management system at Operation Breakthrough sites,
particularly the PTC system evaluation and the refuse
system user acceptance surveys at eight of the nine
sites.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Refuse disposal,
'Management engineering, 'Residential buildings,
Collection, Economic analysis, Site surveys, Feasibil-
ity, Urban areas, Design, Pneumatic equipment, Break-
through operation, High rise buildings.
PB-280 145/4 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Wastewater Treatment for Reuse and Its Contri-
bution to Water Supplies. Final rept. Apr 75-Sep 76,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Services,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
Howard P. Warner, and John N. English. Mar 78,51 p
EPA/600/2-78/027
Contract EPA-68-03-0344
An 18 month study using cost effective municipal
wastewater treatment technology coupled with a com-
puterized data handling system, was conducted at the
EPA/Washington, D.C. Blue Plains Pilot Plant to obtain
data on the safety of the effluent for discharge up-
stream of drinking water intakes, and for potential do-
mestic reuse purposes. Treatment reliability was dem-
onstrated and performance results showed the ab-
sence of virus in the effluent. Effluent concentrations
of radioactivity, trihalomethanes and other volatile or-
ganics, heavy metals, pesticides, TOC, turbidity, gen-
eral inorganic compounds, and pathogenic indicator
organisms were shown to be similar to those found in
finished drinking waters during the EPA National Or-
ganics Reconnaissance Survey in 1975. The specific
organic compounds identified in the effluent are also
present in finished drinking waters.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Waste water reuse,
'Water reclamation, 'Water supply, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds, Mi-
croorganisms, Viruses, Metals, Pesticides, Inorganic
compounds, Radioactive isotopes, Nutrients, Monitor-
ing, Performance, Efficiency, District of Columbia, Pilot
plants.
PB-280 149/6 PC AOS/MF A01
A User's Guide for REDEQL.EPA. A Computer
Program for Chemical Equilibria In Aqueous Sys-
tems. Report for Jul 75-Jul 77,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Sara E. Ingle, Marcus D. Schuldt, and Donald W.
Schults. Feb 78,98p EPA/600/3-78/024
This user's guide explains the use of the computerized
chemical equilibrium program REDEQL.EPA. This pro-
gram computes aqueous equilibria for up to 20 metals
and 30 ligands in a system, the metals and ligands are
selected from a list of 35 metals and 59 ligands for
which thermodynamic data for complexes and solids
have been stored in a data file. More data may be
added by the user. The equilibria which the program
considers include complexation, precipitation, oxida-
tion-reduction, and pH-dependent phenomena. This
guide allows one to use the program without reference
to the FORTRAN program, the capabilities and limita-
tions of the program are discussed. The formats for
input and explanation of output are given with exam-
ples illustrating the various program options. Common
user errors are discussed.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Chemical equilib-
rium, 'Water chemistry, 'Manuals, Computer pro-
grams, Computer programming, Metals, Ligands, Ther-
modynamic properties, Complex compounds,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Oxidation reduction reac-
tions, pH, Solids, 'REDEQL EPA computer program.
PB-280 150/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Assessment Guidance Municipal
Sewage Treatment Works Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Oct77, 91p' EPA/905/2-77/004
Environmental assessment guidance is given in the
report to be used by consultants preparing facilities
plans for municipal sewage treatment facilities. The
purpose is to provide guidance for integrating environ-
mental, social, and economic evaluations into the fa-
cility planning process.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Project planning,
'Environmental surveys, Instructions, Assessments,
Environmental impacts, Social effect, Economic
impact, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-280 169/4 PC A04/MF A01
Combination Limestone-Lime Neutralization of
Ferrous Iron Acid Mine Drainage. Final rept. Nov
75-Aug 76,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Roger C. Wilmoth. Jan 78,63p EPA/600/2-78/002
Studies were conducted on ferrous-iron acid mine
drainage (AMD) treatment by a two-step neutralization
process in which rock-dust limestone was mixed with
the influent AMD and then hydrated lime was added in
a polishing reactor. This combination treatment proc-
ess resulted in reagent consumption cost reductions
as high as 30 percent as compared to single-stage hy-
drated lime treatment of the same AMD. Later data in-
dicated that an equal cost reduction (compared to
single-stage lime treatment) could be achieved by a
two-stage hydrated lime process in which the AMD
and recycled sludge were mixed in the first reaction
vessel and hydrated lime was added in the second re-
actor. No cost advantage for the combination process
over straight hydrated lime treatment was felt to exist
in situations where sludge recycling was not employed.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Water pollution control,
'Mine waters, 'Neutralizing, Calcium hydroxides,
Limestone, Drainage, Iron, 'Mine acid drainage.
PB-280 178/5 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Solid Waste Management Program.
Development of a Model Sanitary Landfill Site
Design for Snohomlsh County, Washington,
Snohomish County Dept. of Public Works, Everett,
Wash. Solid Waste Div.
Rodney G. Hansen, Byron D. Robertson, and Ronald
J. Owes. Oct 75,234p EPA/910/9-77/042
Grant EPA-S-801761
The report briefly describes the process of site selec-
tion and desian for a major, regional sanitary landfill in
Snohomish County, Washington. Unique features in
the design included the need to provide a substantial
level of ground water protection because of the high
rainfall in the area. The site selection and design was
also affected by the area's glaciated soils. Copies of
the design report and preliminary site development
plans are appended. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Models, Design criteria, Site surveys, Environmental
impact statements, Water quality, Monitoring, Ground
water, Soils, Geology, Percolation, Gases, Manage-
ment planning, Washington(State), Water pollution
sampling, Snohomish County(Washington).
PB-280 180/1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Site Selection and Design for Minimizing Pollution
from Underground Coal Mining Operations. Final
rept. Jun 74-Dec 76,
Alabama Univ., University. Coll. of Engineering.
Reynold Q. Shotts, Eric Sterett, and Thomas A.
Simpson. Jan 78,111p EPA/600/7-78/006
Contract EPA-68-03-2015
The objectives of this study were to determine how
best to select a layout and mining system and also to
develop and operate an underground coal mine while
at the same time minimizing pollution of the environ-
ment. The pre-mining environment was assessed by
sampling Cedar Creek 3 and other streams. Analyses
of samples of groundwater into the mine, of the water
pumped from the mine sump, and of water from Cedar
Creek below the mine, made possible the assessment
of the area with regard to water quality. Principal fac-
tors associated with mining which affected down-
stream water quality were sulfide oxidation and acid
formation in the mine, the quality of the groundwater
seeping into the mine, the limestone used for rock
dusting, and the quality of the resettled but not treated
mine and washing plant water carried to the continu-
ous miners for dust suppression. Deep mines in Ala-
bama's synclinal coalfields, if entered some distance
from the outcrop, or mined down-dip if started on the
outcrop, should produce little surface pollution.
Keywords: 'Underground mining, 'Coal mining,
'Water pollution abatement, Site surveys, Planning,
Layout, Ground water, Surface waters, Seepage,
Metals, Seals(Stoppers), Oxidation, Sulfide minerals,
Dust control, Water quality, Alabama, Down dip coal
mining, Mine acid drainage, Heavy metals.
PB-280 183/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Preparation of Water Samples for Asbestos Fiber
Counting by Electron Microscopy. Final rept.,
Ontario Research Foundation, Sheridan Park.
Eric J. Chatfield, Roger W. Glass, and M. Jane Dillon.
Jan 78,132p EPA/600/4-78/011
Contract EPA-68-03-2389
Procedures used by a number of laboratories for the
analysis of asbestos fibers in water samples were in-
vestigated using standardized aqueous dispersions of
chrysotile, crocidolite, and taconite tailings. Filtration
problems when using polycarbonate filters were
solved, and an optimum filtration technique was devel-
oped that permits microscopically uniform deposits to
be obtained. Replicate analyses established fiber
losses and reprpducibility of five filter preparation tech-
niques. The uniformity of the deposits on all the final
electron microscope preparations was expressed
quantitatively, and the most satisfactory performance
was given by all of the Nuclepore techniques. Ultra-
sonic treatment at 20 kHz increased fiber concentra-
tions of chrysotile suspensions but had no effect on
crocidolite suspensions.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Fibers, 'Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Electron microscopy, Samples, Fil-
tration, Ultrasonic frequency, Laboratory equipment,
Water pollution, 'Water pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB-280 184/3 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1977 First Quarter Statistics.
Quarterly rept. Jan-Mar 77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Feb 78,149p' EPA/450/2-78/010
See also PB-280 185.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Regions,
StatesOJnited States), Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, 'Air qual-
ity data, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data, Air
quality control region.
PB-280 185/0 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1977 Second Quarter Statistics.
Quarterly rept. Apr-Jun 77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Feb 78,116p' EPA/450/2-78/011
See also PB-280 184, and PB-280 186.
400 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Oata),
Concentration(Composition), Standards,
States(United States), Regions, Particles, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocar-
bons, "Air quality data, Storage and retrieval of aero-
metric data, Air quality control region.
PB-280 186/8 PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1976 Fourth Quarter Statistic*.
Quarterly rept. Oct-Dec 76.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Fob 78, 167p* EPA/450/2-78/008
See also PB-280 185, and PB-273 443.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of state, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Regions,
States(United States), Particles, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, 'Air
quality data, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data,
Air quality control regions.
PB-280 180/2 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Conversion of Cattle Feedlot Manure to Ethylene
•IXJ Ammonia Synthesis Qas. Final rept. 1 Jan 74-
30Jun77,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock.
William J. Huffman, James E. Halligan, and Roger L.
Peterson. Feb 78, 74p EPA/600/2-78/026
Grant EPA-S-802934
See also report dated Dec 74, PB-239 668.
An investigation was undertaken to scale-up a partial
oxidation reactor to evaluate the potential for produc-
ing an ammonia synthesis gas from cattle feedlot resi-
due. The synthesis gas from the reactor can be further
processed to produce ammonia using existing, com-
mercial technology. During this phase of the study, a
2.5 meter long, falling-bed reactor was designed, con-
structed, and operated along with supporting feed and
recovery equipment; manure feed rates to the reactor
ranged from 7.7 to 23.6 kilograms per hour. The results
*"0w that significant yields of an ammonia synthesis
888 and ethylene can be produced In the seme reactor
when the system is fed with a mixture of air, steam,
and manure. This study and earlier bench-scale ex-
Penments show that the product gases are compatible
*«n both ethylene and ammonia synthesis gas pro-
Auction.
Keywords: * Ethylene, * Ammonia, 'Manufactured gas,
Agricultural wastes, Technology, Fluidized bed prc-
SfWors, Chemical reactors, Design criteria, Oxidation,
Manure, * Feedlot wastes, 'Solid waste disposal.
198/3 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
•"9 e Park, N.C.
Ljxiutant Measurements In Plume* from Power
"•nt* and CM**. Summer 1975, February 1976,
•"* February 1977. A Project MISTT Report. Final
reptl8Jun/5-18Oct77,
7*teorology Research, Inc., Altadena. Calif.
1 7; Ogren, D. L. Blumenthal, J. A. Anderson, and W.
78/04ite' Mar 78' 63p MRI77-FR-1 51 1 • EPA/600/7-
Contract EPA-68-01 -0788
Airborne measurements of aerosols and polluted
•"•es in urban and power plant plumes were conduct-
S° during the summer of 1975. February 1976, and
r?wuary 1977 in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri;
""°*» Landing, California; and Clearwater, Florida, re-
spectively. The principal objective was to characterize
the physical and chemical behavior of these plumes
under a variety of meteorological conditions, with em-
phasis on sulfur transport and transformation. Results
illustrate the regional nature of air pollution. The trans-
port of well-defined urban plumes over 150 km down-
wind of a city was documented during day and night
conditions. Power plant plumes were sampled over
100 km downwind of the source at night and during the
day over the ocean; strong dilution mechanisms limit-
ed the sampling of power plant plumes to 40 km during
the day over land. Measurements indicated that, when
the plume was not well mixed to the ground, the mass
flux of sulfur in the plume did not change with distance.
In urban plumes, a significant reduction in sulfur was
found; only about one-third of the emissions were
transported beyond 100 km downwind of the city. New
techniques used in this study included an airborne Im-
pactors system for aerosol collection and atmospheric
electrical measurements for plume tracting.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Electric power plants. Air pollu-
tion, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sam-
Gling, Transport properties, Atmospheric motion,
rban areas, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Sulfuric acid,
Aerial surveys, Concentration(Composition), *Alr pol-
lution detection.
PB-280 199/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Burner Design Criteria for NOx Control from Low-
BTU Qa* Combustion: Volume II. Elevated Fuel
Temperature. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 77,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III. Applied Com-
bustion Research.
Donald R. Shoffstall, and Ricchard T. Walbel. Dec 77,
87p EPA/600/7-77/094B
Contract EPA-68-02-1360
See also Volume 1, PB-272 614.
The report gives results of a program to provide quanti-
tative data on combustion emissions from high-tem-
perature low Btu gas. It complements a recently com-
pleted EPA project that evaluated emissions resulting
from the burning of ambient-temperature low-Btu gas.
The experimental results were gathered from a pilot-
scale furnace fired with a movable-vane boiler burner
at a heat input of 0.66 MW (2.25 million Btu/hr). The
gases tested in this program-Winkler oxygen, Kop-
pers-Totzek oxygen, and Wellman-Galusha air--
ranged from 5.8 MJ/cu m (156 Btu/cu ft) to 9.9 MJ/cu
m (266 Btu/cu ft). Measurements were made of NO
emissions, temperatures within the flame, and flame
emissivity. A mathematical model was used to predict
the efficiencies of the furnace with the various fuels;
the model agreed well with the experimental meas-
urements. The NO emissions of the gases tested were
ordered by the adiabatic flame temperature.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Burners, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Combustion products, Design criteria, Indus-
trial wastes, Flames, Furnaces, Performance evalua-
tion, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Carbon diox-
ide, Methane. Oxygen, Coal gasification, Nautral gas,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), 'Low btu gas,
Winkler process, Wellman-Galusha process, Lurgi
process, Koppers-Totzek process.
PB-280 203/1 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Identification of Component* of Energy-Related
Waste* and Effluent*. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Edo D. Pellizzari. Jan 78,525p EPA/600/7-78/004
Contract EPA-68-03-2368
A state-of-the-art review on the characterization of or-
ganic and elemental substances in energy-related
liquid and solid effluents was conducted. Previous and
on-going research programs and reports were re-
viewed to summarize the existing and probable future
data on chemical elements and organic compounds In
solid waste and aqueous effluents from (a) coal lique-
faction and gasification plants, (b) coal-fired power
plants, (c) oil-shale processors, (d) oil refineries, (e)
coal mines and (f) geothermal energy. The reliability of
existing information and the probability of accumula-
tion of adequate data from current and past contracts
and projects was evaluated according to preselected
criteria. Based upon the absence of adequate data on
the composition of energy samples, a chemical char-
acterization program was conducted for several
energy-related processes. The necessary preconcen-
tratlons and purification were performed on these sam-
ples and the volatile and semi-volatile organic com-
pounds were identified and quantified. Samples for or-
ganic and mercury analysis were subjected to a single
analytical protocol in each case to permit comparison
among samples. Organic constituents were analyzed
by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer
and elemental components were determined and
measured by spark-source mass spectrometry for all
the elements in the periodic chart through uranium
except oxygen, helium, hydrogen, neon, krypton,
xenon, radon, nitrogen and carbon. The analysis of
mercury was performed by flameless atomic absorp-
tion spectrophotometry.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Fuels, 'Reviews,
Water analysis, Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Oil
shale, Coal gasification, Coal liquefaction, Laboratory
equipment, Atomic spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy,
Gas chromatography, Organic compounds, Coal, Elec-
tric power plants, Refineries, In situ combustion,
Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollution detec-
tion, 'Solid wastes, Coal fired power plants, Flameless
atomic absorption analysis, Spark source mass spec-
troscopy.
PB-280 232/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, N.J. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch.
Performance Testing of Oil Mop Zero Relative Ve-
locity Oil Skimmer. Final rept. 29 Nov 76-3 Dec 76,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
N.J.
Michael K. Breslin. Apr 78,30p EPA/600/7-78/060
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
Sponsored In part by Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
A fast current (operating range up to 3 m/s (6 kts)),
prototype skimmer was designed and built by OMI and
delivered to the Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulat-
ed Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) to be tested.
The principle of operation was based on adsorbing oil
onto oleophilic fibers woven into a rope. The rope and
fibers were then squeezed by wringers to remove the
oil into a recovery basin. The device was rigged,
trimmed and then towed into a controlled oil slick while
being operated and monitored for oil recovery. Device
operating speed, oil slick thickness, tow speed, and
wave conditions served as controlled independent var-
iables. The fluid recovered was sampled during and
after the test run to determine device performance.
Because of adverse weather and problems with the
device, the testing program was of short duration. Only
a few tests were run, so parameters could not be com-
pletely optimized.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution control, 'Skimmers, 'Water
pollution control equipment, Performance tests, Proto-
types, Materials recovery, 'Oil pollution removal.
PB-280 236/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Toxlclty of Residual Chlorine Compound* to
Aquatic Organisms,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
Gary L. Larson, Charles E. Warren, Floyd E. Hutchins,
Larry P. Lamperti, and David A. Schlesinger. Mar 78,
121 p EPA/600/3-78/023
Grant EPA-R-802286
Laboratory studies on the acute and chronic toxlcity of
chlorine and Inorganic chloramines to trout, salmon,
minnows, bullhead, largemouth bass, and bluegill were
conducted. Acute toxicity under continuous and inter-
mittent patterns of exposure as well as behavioral, re-
production, development, and growth responses to
low level exposures to residual chlorine compounds
were determined. The results and interpretations of
these studies are discussed.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Chlorine inorganic compounds, ^Aquatic animals,
Ecology, Toxicology, Chlorlnation, Bioassay. Behavior,
Growth, Reproduction(Blology), Sewage treatment,
Exposure, ConcentrationfComposition), Lethal
dosage, Mortality, Laboratory tests, Chloramines.
PB-280 237/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
December 1983 401
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Least-Squares Resolution of Gamma-Ray Spectra
In Environmental Samples,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div, of En-
vironmental Planning.
Larry G. Kanipe, Stephen K. Seale, and Walter S.
Liggett. Aug77,184pTVA-EP/78-02, EPA/600/7-77-
The use of ALPHA-M, a least squares computer pro-
gram for analyzing Nal (II) gamma spectra of environ-
mental samples, is evaluated. Included is a compre-
hensive set of program instructions, listings, and flow-
charts. Two other programs, GEN4 and SFMSPEC, are
also described. GEN4 is used to create standard librar-
ies for ALPHA-M, and SIMSPEC is used to simulate
spectra for ALPHA-M analysis. Tests to evaluate the
standard libraries selected for use in analyzing envi-
ronmental samples are provided. An evaluation of the
results of sample analyses is discussed.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Gamma ray
spectra, 'Data reduction, 'Computer programs,
Gamma ray spectroscopy, Gamma ray spectrometers,
Least squares method, Computerized simulation, Mon-
itoring, Performance evaluation, ALPHA-M computer
program, GEN4 computer program, SIMSPEC com-
puter program, IBM-370/165 computers, Sodium
iodide (Tl) detectors, Job control
languages(Computers).
PB-280 238/7 PC A10/MF A01
Integrity of Water - Proceedings of a Symposium,
March 10-12,1975, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials.
1977,222p
The Integrity of Water' results from the formal papers
and comments presented at an invitational symposium
by recognized water experts representing a variety of
disciplines and societal interests. The focus of the
symposium was on the definition and interpretation of
water quality integrity as viewed and discussed by rep-
resentatives of State governments, industry, acade-
mia, conservation and environmental groups, and
others of the general public. The symposium was
structured to address quantitative characteristics of
the physical, chemical, and biological properties of sur-
face and ground waters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Meetings, Objectives,
State government, Industries, Universities, Surface
waters, Ground water, Water quality, Physical proper-
ties, Bacteria, Chemical properties, Potable water,
Standards.
PB-280 242/9 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Removal of Color, Detergents, and Other Refrac-
tory Substances from Textile Wastewater. Final
rept. Jun 72-Jun 77,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,
Krakow (Poland). Krakow Div.
Jerzy Kurbiel. Mar 78.488p EPA/600/2-78/072
The report gives results of laboratory and pilot scale
research to determine the effectiveness and economic
feasibility of various physicochemical tertiary treat-
ments in removing color, detergents, and other refrac-
tory pollutants from textile wastewater that has been
previously treated biologically with activated sludge.
Tertiary treatments included filtration on single and
dual media filters, conventional and contact coagula-
tion, adsorption on granular activated carbon, oxida-
tion with ozone, ion exchange on anionic and cationic
resins, and hyperfiltration. Each treatment was investi-
gated individually and in combined systems. Results
indicate that all tertiary treatments were effective in re-
moving individual pollutants. However, feasibility of the
processes (determined by economic factors, energy
consumption, and technical availability) differed con-
siderably. Hyperfiltration is more energy intensive than
the other tertiary treatments. Ion-exchange resulted in
poor COD removal and a large amount of post-genera-
tion wastewater. The most effective combined tertiary
treatment consisted of contact coagulation on upflow
filters, followed by dual media filiations. The filtration*
were preceded by chlorination with NaOCl and fol-
lowed by adsorption on activated carbon as the final
step.
Keywords: "Textile industry, 'Water pollution control,
Coiors(Matenals), Decoloring, Detergents, Refractory
materials, Filtration, Industrial wastes, Ion exchange
resins, Feasibility, Coagulation, Chlorination, Adsorp-
tion, Activated carbon, Ozone, Oxidation, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
TablesfData), Hyperfiltration.
PB-280 253/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Systems: Design and Op-
erating Considerations. Volume I. Executive Sum-
mary. Final rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
C. C. Leivo. Mar 78,29p' EPA/600/7-78/030A
Contract EPA-68-02-2616
See also Volume 2 dated Mar 78, PB-280 254.
The report describes flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
systems and the design and operating parameters that
are monitored to ensure proper operation. It explains
how these parameters are varied to accommodate
changing boiler loads and fuel characteristics, and de-
scribes the control of parameters to prevent such
problems as scale buildup. It describes effects of de-
signing and operating FGD systems for 90% or greater
SO2 removal efficiencies, based on current testing
program data It describes effects of coal characteris-
tics on FGD performance, along with operating and
design techniques used to compensate for coal prop-
erty variations. It describes the purpose, need, and
methods for exhaust gas reheat, downstream of FGD
systems. It discusses alternatives to exhaust gas
reheat.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Scrubbers, Coal, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sodium carbonates,
Sodium sulfites, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Boilers, Reheating, Scale(Corrosion), Wet meth-
ods, Dry methods, Limestone scrubbing, Alkaline
scrubbing, Dual alkali scrubbing, Magnesium oxide
scrubbing, Well man process.
PB-280 254/4 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Systems: Design and Op-
erating Considerations. Volume II. Technical
Report. Final rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
C. C. Leivo. Mar 78, 221 p* EPA/600/7-78/030B
Contract EPA-68-02-2616
See also Volume 1 dated Mar 78, PB-280 253.
Contents:
FGD processes-(FGD technology summary, and
SO2 removal mechanisms);
Selected FGD process descriptions and critical
system operating parameters-(Lime/limestone
scrubbing, sodium carbonate scrubbing, double
alkali (soda lime) scrubbing, magnesium oxide
scrubbing, and sodium sulfite (Wellman Lord)
scrubbing);
Implications of requiring 90 percent or greater SO2
removal for new FGD installations-(Lime and
limestone scrubbing, sodium carbonate
scrubbing, double alkali scrubbing, magnesium
oxide scrubbing, and sodium sulfite (Wellman
Lord) scrubbing);
Effect of coal properties on FGD systems-(Coal
heating value and moisture content, sulfur
content of coal, ash content of coal, chlorine
content of coal, and nitrogen content of coal);
Reheat of scrubbed flue gases--(Purpose and need
for reheat, methods of reheating, energy
consumption, problems experienced, design,
operation, and maintenance of reheaters,
alternatives to reheat, and reheat summary).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Scrubbers, Coal, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sodium carbonates,
Sodium sulfites, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Boilers, Reheating, Scale(Corrosion), Substitutes,
Wet methods, Dry methods, Limestone scrubbing, Al-
kaline scrubbing, Dual alkali scrubbing, Magnesium
oxide scrubbing, Wellman process.
PB-280 289/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Kepone/Mlrex/Hexachlorocyclopentadlene: An
Environmental Aaaeaament.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Panel or
Kepone/Mirex/Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
1978,84p'
Contract EPA-68-01-3253
This report's assessment of the scientific and techni-
cal knowledge about the effects of Kepone, Mirex, and
Hex as environmental pollutants is based primarily on
two literature surveys prepared for EPA's Office of Re-
search and Development by Battelle Columbus Labo-
ratories and the Stanford Research Institute. The Prin-
cipal findings and research needs arising from the
Panel's assessment are summarized. Documentation
for the findings can be found in the body of the report
as noted parenthetically after each finding. The list of
research needs identifies areas where more knowl-
edge is needed before a truly comprehensive assess-
ment of the effects of Kepone, mirex, and hex can be
made.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Environmental surveys,
Chlorine organic compounds, Assessments, Transport
properties, Public health, Ecology, Exposure, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, 'Kepone, 'Mirex,
Methanocyclobutalcdjpentalenes, 'Cyclopentadiene/
hexachloro, Path of pollutants.
PB-280 308/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Vegetative Stabilization of Spent Oil Shales: Vege-
tation Moisture Salinity and Runoff, 1973-76. Final
rept. Apr 74-Aug 76,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
H. P. Herbert, III, and W. A. Berg. Feb 78,183p EPA/
600/7-78/021
Grant EPA-R-803058
Disposal of massive amounts of spent shale will be re-
quired if an oil shale industry using surface retorting is
developed. Field studies were initiated in 1973 on two
types of spent oil shale-coarse-textured (USBM), and
fine-textured (TOSCO). The objectives of these stud-
ies were to investigate surface stability of and salt
movement in spent shales and spent shales covered
with soil after vegetation has been established by in-
tensive treatment and then left under natural precipita-
tion conditions. The plots were established at low-ele-
vation (1,700 m) and high-elevation (2,220 m) study
sites in northwestern Colorado. A good cover of native
species was established on all plots by leaching, N and
P fertilization, seeding, mulching, and irrigation. High
levels of Mo were found in plants grown in the spent
shales compared to plants grown in soil. Resalinization
occurred following leaching of the TOSCO spent
shale. The greatest runoff was from the TOSCO spent
shale. Runoff was moderately to highly saline.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Retorting, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Vegetation, Soil stability, Water pollution, Leach-
ing, Fertilizing, Surface water runoff, Transport proper-
ties, Grasses, Shrubs, Management planning, Energy
source development, Salinity, Mine wastes, Land dis-
posal.
PB-280 309/8 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N,J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Handling and Disposal of Sludges from Combined
Sewer Overflow Treatment. Phase II - Impact As-
sessment. Final rept., Feb 74-76,
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Div.
Kathryn R. Huibregtse, Gary R. Morris, Anthony
Geinopolos, and Michael J. Clark. Dec 77,212p' EPA/
600/2-77/053B
Contract EPA-68-03-0242
See also report on Phase 1, PB-270 212.
This report documents the results of an assessment of
the effort that the United States will have to exert in the
area of sludge handling and disposal if, in fact, full-
scale treatment of combined sewer overflows is to
become a reality. The results indicate that nattonwio*
an average yearly sludge volume of 156,000,000 cu rn
(41.5 x 10 to the 9th power gal.) could be expected
from CSO If complete CSO treatment were achieved-
Evaluation of the effect of bleed/pump-back of CSO
sludge on the hydraulic, solids and/or organic loading*
to the dry-weather plant indicated that overloading
would occur In most instances. The most promising
402 Vol. 83. No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
treatment trains were found to include possible grit re-
moval, lime stabilization, optional gravity thickening,
optional dewatering and land application or landfill.
Land application systems can be considered as viable
alternatives for CSO treatment and disposal. Esti-
mates indicate that first investment capital costs range
from $447-10,173/ha ($181-4129/ac) with annual
costs of $139-1630/ha ($56-660/ac).
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Sludge disposal,
'Sewage treatment, 'Overflows, Residues, Volume,
Thickening, Dewatering, Separation, Calcium oxides,
Estimates, Flotation, Earth fills, Cost analysis, Weath-
er, Metals, Pumping, 'Land application.
PB-280 325/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Control of Reentralned Oust from Paved Streets.
Final rept. Jun 76-Jul 77,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.
Kenneth Axetell, and Joan Zell. Jul 77,218p EPA/
907/9-77/007
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
The report is a comprehensive review of the problem
of reentrained dust from paved streets. Information
was obtained from literature review, collection of un-
published data from traffic-related air and water pollu-
tion studies, survey of comments from public works of-
ficials, and five different field studies to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of specific reentrained dust control meas-
ures. All of the assembled data show agreement that
the effect of traffic-related paniculate emissions in the
form of reentrained dust is one of the most important
sources of paniculate matter in metropolitan areas.
The results of the field studies conducted in the project
and analysis of six other studies were inconclusive
with regard to the effectiveness of improved street
cleaning as a means of improving air quality. None of
the street cleaning methods proved to be effective in
all studies in which they were evaluated. In addition,
trie data generated in the field studies did not show a
consistent relationship between street surface load-
ings and nearby participate concentrations. The report
gives Information on the costs for conventional street
cleaning operations and possible modifications to im-
prove air quality. Examples of existing state and local
regulations and ordinances for controlling reentrained
dust are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dust, 'Streets, Parti-
cles, Sources, Regulations, Field tests, Cleaning, Cost
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Surfaces,
Roads, Air quality, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Particle resu-
•penston.
PB-280 326/0 PC A23/MF A01
Tnt Bloenvlronmental Impact of A Coal-Fired
fewer Plant, Colstrlp. Montana. December 1977.
interim rept. no. 3
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Eric M. Preston, and Robert A. Lewis. Feb 78,531 p
EPA/600/3-78-021
See also Interim rept. no.2, Jan-Jun 75, PB-252177.
The EPA has recognized the need for a rational ap-
Proach to the incorporation of ecological impact Infor-
"wtion into power facility siting decisions in the north-
*n great plains. Research funded by the Colstrlp,
Vjaj-fired Power Plant Project is a first attempt to gen-
**» methods to predict the btoenvironmental effects
w air pollution before damage is sustained. Pre-con-
•"ction documentation of the environmental charac-
of the grassland ecosystem in the vicinity of
p, Montana began In the summer of 1974. Since
characteristics of the ecosystem have been
regularly to detect possible pollution Inv
upon plant and animal community structure. In
summer of 1975, field stressing experiments were
J*0un to provide the data necessary to develop doae-
?*Ponse models for SO2 stress on a grassland eco-
?>[*tern. These experiments Involve continuous stress-
jfy of one acre grassland plots with measured doses
J? SO2 during the growing season (usually April
^(KJgh October). Results of the 1975 field season's
^•rogations are summarized In this publication. The
•K-year project will terminate In 1980 and a final report
** be published after data analyses are complete.
R*y*ords: 'Environmental Impacts, 'Air pollution,
gjur dioxide, Field tests. Ecology, Remote sensing,
t?*mneya, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
"•ctric power plants, Monitoring, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematic models,
Sulfur, Plants(Botany), 'Coal fired power plants,
Colstrip(Montana), Air quality, Air pollution
effects(Mammals), Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
pollution etfects(Plants).
PB-280 335/1 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Federal Noise Research In Noise Effects. Final
rept.
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, Md.
14 Feb 78,164p* EPA/550/9-78-102
Contract EPA-68-01 -0788
The Federal Noise Effects Research Program was
documented and reviewed. The program expanded
slightly over the last few years, with more agencies
participating. The program is reasonably comprehen-
sive and in general coordinated with no unjustified
overlap of efforts. Research needs to support and jus-
tify regulatory and standards requirements were identi-
fied by the Panel as being of the highest priority. Satis-
faction of these relatively short term goals with present
budget restrictions could jeopardize long-range basic
research needs to understand basic effects mecha-
nisms. To satisfy both requirements, the Panel on the
average recommends an increase of the overall Fed-
eral noise effects research budget of 40%. The Panel
recommends several specific research topics for high
priority funding. Among the areas requiring additional
support are effects of noise on sleep, and community
or collective response.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), Vibration, Responses,
Physiological effects, Hearing loss, National govern-
ment, Research, Recommendations, Health, Humans,
Programs, Tables(Data), Psychological effects, Gov-
ernment agencies, Comparison,
Performance(Human), Animals, Wildlife, Sleep, Com-
munities, 'Noise pollution, Environmental health, Bio-
logical effects.
PB-280 336/9 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Studies on the Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on
Carclnogenesls,
Medical Coll. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Dept. of
Pathology.
John J. Godleski, and Joseph Leighton. Mar 78,56p
EPA/600/1-78-020
Grant EPA-R-802839
The project was designed to evaluate the health ef-
fects of ammonium sulfate (Nh4)2 SO4 inhalation
using experimental animals. The questions studied
were: (1) Is inhaled ammonium sulfate co-carcinogen-
ic. (2) What are the deposition and clearance patterns
of inhaled ammonium sulfate. (3) What effect does am-
monium sulfate have on pulmonary defensive mecha-
nisms. The study showed that ammonium sulfate inha-
lation had no effect on the development of cancer and
no effect on the development of other significant pul-
monary diseases in hamsters. Hamsters, guinea pigs
and rabbits were studied for deposition and clearance
of inhaled ammonium sulfate. Total respiratory tract
deposition was greater with the larger particle size in
all studies. Clearance patterns were similar for the
three species regardless of particle size. The half time
for clearance of ammonium sulfate from the lung was
18 to 20 minutes. Inhaled and injected sulfate was
cleared via the urinary tract and by six hours after ex-
posure 95% of the total collectable sulfate was
present in the urine. Pulmonary macrophage number
was not affected by ammonium sulfate inhalation.
Keywords: 'Ammonium sulfate, 'Toxicology, Respira-
tion, Respiratory system, Lung, Immunology, Deposi-
tion, Clearances, Physiology, Respiratory diseases,
Phagocytes, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Neoplasms, Malignant neoplasms, 'Carcinogenesis,
•Air pollution effects(Anlmals), Environmental health.
PB-280 365/8 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Noise and Hearing Acuity Upon Visual
Depth Perception and Safety Among Humans.
Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Edward R. Hermann. Apr 78,41p IIEQ-77-10
The study showed that exposure to steady-state
broad-band, high-intensity noise ranging from 70 dBA
to 115 dBA for time periods of several minutes did not
produce significant changes in visual depth perception
errors. Any error in stereoscopic depth perception pro-
duced by exposure of humans to broad-band white
noise between 70 and 115 dBA is so small that such a
perturbation is Inadequate for establishing community
or occupational noise standards. Other criteria are
more important.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Visual perception, 'Audi-
tory acuity, 'Stress(Physiology), Humans, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Standards, Criteria, Safety, Ex-
perimental data, Tables(Data), Proprioception, Loud-
ness, White noise, Intensity, Noise pollution.
PB-280 366/6 Not available NTIS
A Photochemical Box Model lor Urban Air Quality
Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
K. L Schere, and K. L. Demerjian. c1978,7p EPA/
600/J-78/003
Pub. in Proceedings of Joint Conference on Sensing of
Environmental Pollutants (4th), Washington, D.C.
(American Chemical Society) 1978 D427-433 1978.
A simple 'box-approach' to air quality simulation mod-
eling has been developed in conjunction with a newly
formulated photochemical kinetic mechanism to pro-
duce an easily applied Photochemical Box Model
(PBM). This approach represents an urban area as a
single cell 20 km in both length and width and with a
variable height representing the changing depth of the
mixed layer. Each pollutant species is accounted for in
the model by an ordinary differential equation com-
posed of advective volume expansion, chemical, and
emissions (if any) terms. Initial development and test-
ing of the PBM has drawn upon the Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study (RAPS) data base, a comprehensive set of
meteorological and air quality data for St. Louis, Mo.
One-minute averaged solar radiation data are used in
the computation of the photolytic rate constants for the
model. Hour-averaged winds and air quality data are
utilized In initial and boundary condition calculations as
well as providing the observed values for use in model
validation. The upper and lower bounds on the mixed
layer depth are deduced from RAPS rawlnsonde data.
Finally, model predictions from the PBM are examined
and compared to the observed data on selected days.
Application of the model for prediction of oxidant
levels in urban areas is discussed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, Urban areas, Air
pollution, Atmospheric motion, Reaction kinetics, Nu-
merical analysis, 'Air quality, RAPS program, Saint
Louls(Missourl).
PB-280 369/0 PC A22/MF A01
Proposed Issuance of • New Source National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System Permit
Number IA-0060909 to Iowa Southern Utilities
Company, Ottumwa Generating Station for Dis-
charge of Wastswatsrs to the Des Molnes River
near Ottumwa, Iowa. Draft environmental impact
statement no. 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Jul 77, 507p EPA-7-IA-OTTUMWA-WAPELLO-NSDP-
77, EPA/907/9-77/004
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Rock Island, III., and Black and Veatch, Kansas City,
Mo.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
considering the Issuance of a new source National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
(P.L. 92-500, Section 402) for discharge of
wastewaters from Iowa Southern Utilities' proposed
Ottumwa Generating Station (OGS). Pursuant to the
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-
190), EPA has prepared this environmental impact
statement (EIS) to evaluate the potential Impacts of
this action on the Des Molnes River, the cities of Chi.lM
cothe and Ottumwa, and the surrounding areas. This
EIS Is a multlagency document prepared in conjunc-
tion with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It will serve
as the Corps of Engineers' EIS In the issuance of a
Section 404, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments permit and a Section 10, River and Har-
bors Act permit. The proposed site for the 727
megawatt coal-fired steam-electric generating station
Is located adjacent to the Des Molnes River approxi-
mately 8 miles northwest of Ottumwa, Iowa. Its esti-
December 1983 403
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mated cost is $300 million. OGS will utilize a closed-
cycle cooling system and will require make-up water at
a rate of 17 cfs at maximum load conditions. Total dis-
charge to the Des Moines River is estimated to be 1.4
cfs at maximum load conditions. Low sulfur western
coal will fuel the plant at a rate of 2,200,000 tons per
year. Principal constituents of the plant stack emis-
sions are paniculate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides and various trace elements. An electrostatic
precipator will be used to control paniculate matter.
Selection of low sulfur coal will minimize SO2 emis-
sions, and furnace design will control NO2. (Color illus-
trations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Steam electric power generation, "Iowa, 'Electric
power plants, Waste disposal, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Industrial wastes, Coal, Water quality, Des
Moines River, Iowa, Wapello County(lowa),
Chillicothe(lowa), Ottumwa(lowa), Water pollution con-
trol, Air pollution control, Air quality, 'Coal fired power
plants, Iowa Southern Utilities Company.
PB-280 373/2 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Environmental Impact Resulting from Unconflned
Animal Production. Final rept. 10 May 76-30 Sep 77,
Louisiana Tech Univ., Ruston. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
Jackie W. D. Robbins. Mar 78,43p' EPA/600/2-78/
046
Grant EPA-R-804497
This report outlines and evaluates current knowledge
related to environmental effects of unconfined animal
production. Animal species directly addressed include
cattle, sheep, and hogs. All available date indicate that
pollutant yields from pasture and rangeland operations
are not directly related to the number of animals or
amount of wastes involved. Rather, these nonpoint
source problems are intimately related to hydrogeolo-
gical and management factors and are best described
as the results of the erosion/sediment phenomenon.
Unconfined livestock production can cause changes in
vegetative cover and soil physical properties that may
result in increased rainfall runoff and pollutant trans-
port to surface waters. The most common stream
water quality result is elevated counts of indicator bac-
teria. Increased levels of inorganic and organic sedi-
ments with associated plant nutrients and oxygen de-
mands may result from problem areas.
Keywords: "Livestock, 'Water pollution, 'Grassland,
Range grasses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Vegetation, Soil
erosion, Runoff, Sediments, Environmental impacts,
Coliform bacteria, Soil compacting, Damage, Land
use, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen, Phosphorus.
PB-280 374/0 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Organic Emissions From Automobile Interiors.
Final task rept. Jul 75-Jan 76,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Ruth A. Zweideinger. Dec 77, 90p EPA/600/7-77-149
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
The report gives results of an evaluation of six sub-
compact automobiles for the emission of vinyl chloride
monomer (VCM) and other organics into the passen-
ger compartment. Evaluated were a Ford Pinto, AMC
Gremlin, QMC Vega, GMC Chevette, NMC Datsun
710, and VW Rabbit. VCM was quantified using char-
coal cartridges interfaced with gas/liquid chromatog-
raphy-mass spectrometry in the single-ion detection
mode. VCM levels in the Pinto, Gremlin, Vega, and
Chevette were less than the 50 ppb detection limit.
With improved instrumental parameters, a 2 ppb de-
tection limit was obtained. Under these conditions,
VCM was not detected in the Chevette, but was de-
tected in the Rabbit and the Datsun 710. Samples
were taken for qualitative gas/liquid chromatography-
mass spectrometric analysis of each automobile, using
Tenax G.C. sorbent. This analysis produced a com-
posite list of 147 organic compounds which were iden-
tified in the automobiles and not in the ambient air in
the vicinity of the test. Another 36 compounds were
tentatively identified.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Automobiles, 'Gas
analysis, 'Vinyl chloride, Exhaust emissions, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Plastics, 'Indoor air pollution, Proce-
dures, Monomers.
PB-280 376/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Sprayed Asbestos-Containing Materials in Build-
ings: A Guidance Document. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Robert N. Sawyer, and Charles M. Spooner. Mar 78,
123p* EPA/450/2-78/014, .OAQPS-1/2-094
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ. Health Serv-
ice, New Haven, Conn. Preventive and Occupational
Medicine.
This guidance document summarizes the available in-
formation on sprayed asbestos-containing materials in
buildings. It describes actions that may be taken when
a building owner knows or suspects that friable asbes-
tos materials are present. Application of sealant coats
and removal of asbestos materials are discussed.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Buildings, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Guidelines, Sprayed coatings, Sampling, Chemi-
cal analysis, Regulations, Dosages, Encapsulation,
Sealants, Carcinogens, Industrial hygiene, Public
health, Removal, Occupational safety and health, Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB-280 377/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Emission Factors and Emission Source Informa-
tion for Primary and Secondary Copper Smelters,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
G. E. Umlauf, and L. G. Wayne. Dec 77,180p EPA/
450/3-77/051
Contract EPA-68-02-1890
See also PB-270 281.
This document constitutes the final report of a project
to upgrade emission factors and engineering manage-
ment information for primary and secondary copper
smelters. The main body of the report describes proce-
dures and methodology used in obtaining relevant in-
formation regarding these industries and the oper-
ational characteristics of process equipment used
therein. Related information regarding alloying and
casting has been included in the description second-
ary copper smelter processes, and information about
emissions from similar furnaces used in nonferrous
foundry operations was also collected. New informa-
tion on source tests was coded for entry into the
AEROS SOTDAT files; newly identified sources were
coded for entry into NEDS, and information as to the
precision of emission factors was furnished for use in
the SIEFA data base. New source classification codes
(SCC's) were proposed for a number of processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Management planning, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Smelters,
Sources, Data analysis, Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Equipment, Furnaces, Al-
loying, Particles, 'Copper smelters, 'Emission factors,
Fugitive emissions.
PB-280 410/2 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Growth Effects of Major Land Use Projects
(Wastewater Facilities). Volume I. Model Specifi-
cation and Causal Analysis. Final rept.,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, Mass. Walden Research Div.
Peter H. Guldberg, Ralph B. D'Agostino, and Richard
D. Cunningham. Mar 78, 255p* C-921, EPA/450/3-
78/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-2594
See also report dated May 76, PB-255 301,
Growth Effects of Major Land Use Projects is a re-
search program whose goal is to develop methodolo-
gies to predict the total air pollution emissions resulting
from the construction and operation of major land use
projects. Emissions are quantified from the major
project, from land use induced by the major project,
from secondary activity occurring off-site (e.g., electri-
cal generating stations), and from motor vehicle traffic
associated with both the major project and its induced
land uses. This report documents the development of
a causal model for the induced land use from
wastewater major projects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Land use, Mathematical prediction, Proj-
ects, Construction, Mathematical models, Vehicular
traffic, Sources, Statistical samples, Regression analy-
sis, Planning, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-280 411/0 PCA13/MFA01
Air Quality Criteria for Lead. Criteria document.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
Dec 77, 299p* EPA/600/8-77/017
The document summarizes current knowledge about
the relationships between airborne lead and conse-
quent effects on man and his environment. The effects
that have been observed to occur when airborne lead
has reached or exceeded specific levels for time peri-
ods constitute the central criteria on which EPA will
base a national ambient air quality standard for lead.
Although this document deals mainly with airborne
lead, it also outlines other environmental routes of ex-
posure to lead and gives approximations of the relative
contributions to human exposure of the respective
routes. In man, lead primarily affects red blood cells,
the central and peripheral nervous systems, soft tis-
sues, such as liver and kidney, and bone; the latter ulti-
mately sequesters 95% of the body's lead burden. Sig-
nificant biological indices of exposure to lead include
microgram quantities of lead and of erythrocyte proto-
porphyrin (EP) per deciliter of blood (micrograms/dl).
Adverse effects range from elevated EP and mild
anemia at 20 to 40 micrograms/dl-through gastroin-
testinal, renal, and hepatic pathologies-to severe
neurobehavioral impairment at > 80 to 120 micrp-
grams/dl, sometimes culminating at those levels in
convulsions and abrupt death. Preschool children and
developing fetuses are the populations at greatest risk.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Evaluation, Me-
tabolism, Erythrocytes, Tissues(Biology), Criteria, Air
pollution, Exposure, Sampling, Measurement, Kidney,
Assessments, Tables(Data), Bones, Humans,
Absorption(Biology), Sources, Emission, Chemical
properties, Concentration(Composition), Environ-
ments, Physiological effects, Hematopoietic system,
Nervous system, Physical properties, Toxicity, Envi-
ronmental health, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Biological ef-
fects, Analytical methods, Health risks.
PB-280 413/6 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Physiological Response to Atmospheric Pollut-
ants,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Dept.
of Physiology.
Mary O. Amdur. Mar 78,44p EPA/600/1-78/021
Grant EPA-R-802030
During the period of this grant several materials were
examined as air pollutants of interest for their irritant
effects. These included sulfuric acid, a series of inor-
ganic sulfates, and a combination of ozone and sulfur
dioxide. Some attention was also given to the effect of
various oil mists on the irritant response to sulfur diox-
ide. The method used for measuring irritant response
was by simultaneous tracings of intrapleural pressure,
tidal volume, and rate of flow of gas in and out of the
respiratory system. By relating the intrapleural pres-
sure change to the change in flow rate at points of
equal lung volume, it was possible to calculate the flow
resistance; by relating pressure change to volume at
the beginning and end of Inspiration, it was possible to
calculate compliance. The concentrations used in
these studies are well within the range of human expo-
sure. These studies indicate that the irritant response
previously observed at higher concentrations of sulfu-
ric acid is also observed at concentrations below 1
mg/cu m.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Sulfates, 'Ozone, Responses, Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Physiological
effects, Respiratory system, Oils, Mist, Guinea pigs,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Tables(Data),
Environmental health, Irritants, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
404 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-280 469/9 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Role of Neutron Activation Analysis In the Evalua-
tion of Sampling, Storage, and Analysis of Sam-
ples for the National Environmental Banking
System. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
T. E. Gills, and L. T. McClendon. 1977,7p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Pub. In Jnl. of Radioanalytlcal Chemistry 39, p285-291
1977.
Some problems inherent to the sampling, storage and
analysis of whole organs or tissue biopsies were stud-
led. The method used to evaluate the proper condi-
tions of these, was neutron activation analysis.
Keywords: 'Neutron activation analysis,
*Tissues(Blology), Evaluation, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Storage, Radloactlvatlon analysis, Reprints,
'Organs.
PB-280 480/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
The Ability of Mildly Hearing-Impaired Individuals
to Discriminate Speech In Noise. Final rept.,
Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Wright-Patterson
AFB, Ohio.
Alice H. Suter. Jan 78,109p AMRL-TR-78-4, EPA/
550/9-78/100
The Investigation explores the relationship between
hearing level at various audiometrlc frequencies and
speech discrimination in different noise backgrounds.
The study was designed specifically to test the Ameri-
can Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology's
(AAOO) selection of a 26-declbel average of 500,1000
and 2000 Hz as the point above which hearing handi-
cap occurs. The AAOO method for computing hearing
handicap has lately been brought into question for two
Primary reasons: that the 26-dB fence is too high, and
tor the exclusion of frequencies above 2000 Hz. The
present study, therefore, attempted to see If there
were differences among Individuals whose hearing
was at or better than the Tow fence, and if so, what fac-
tors caused or affected the differences. Forty-eight
subjects were tested with two types of speech materi-
als: the University of Maryland Test no. 1 which em-
ploys simple, 'everyday' sentences, and the Modified
Rhyme Test, a closed-set test of rhyming monosylla-
bles.
Keywords: 'Hearing loss, 'Speech, 'Noise(Sound),
Auditory perception, Relationship, Discrimination,
Audio frequencies, Tables(Data), Recommendations,
Experimental data, Audiometry, Auditory masking.
PB-280 482/1 PC A16/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Contaminants Associated With Direct and Indirect
Reuse of Municipal Wastewater. Final rept. 1 Jul
76-1 Dec 77.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Mar78,359p* EPA/600/1-78/019
Contract EPA-68-02-2257
This report is an attempt to compile the published
Quantitative data available concerning the health ef-
'ects associated with direct and indirect reuse of treat-
ed municipal wastewater for potable purposes. The as-
sembled information includes data on the effective-
ness of conventional water and wastewater treatment
and disposal operations In reducing public health con-
laminant concentrations, as well as data on the trans-
Port of these contaminants through the environment
»ack to man. Wastewater treatment processes evalu-
ated Include conventional secondary treatment and
tertiary processes. Wastewater disposal techniques
evaluated Include direct discharge to fresh surface
waters and land application.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Waste water reuse,
sewage treatment, 'Municipalities, Performance
"valuation, Microorganism control(Sewage treatment),
Sewage filtration, Activated sludge process, Trickling
niters, Lagoons(Ponds), Sand filters, Activated carbon
Coagulation, Ion exchanging, Osmosis,
quality, Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Organic
compounds, Pesticides, Metals, Chlorohydrocarbons,
fewage disposal, Drinking water, Tertiary treatment,
••and application.
PB-280 495/3 PC A10/MF A01
Industrail Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to Over-
burdens and Mlnesoll. Final rept, Jan 75-Dec 76,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Coll. of Agriculture
and Forestry.
Andrew A. Sobek, William A. Schuller, John R.
Freeman, and Richard M. Smith. Mar 78,219p EPA/
600/2-78-054
Grant EPA-R-803508-1-0
Prep
and Economic Survey, Morgantown.
Incorporated within this manual are step-by-step pro-
cedures on field Identification of common rocks and
minerals; field sampling techniques; processing of rock
and soil samples; and chemical, mlneraloglcal, micro-
biological, and physical analyses of the samples. The
method can be used by mining companies, consultant
firms, and State and Federal agencies to Insure mining
efficiency, post-mining land and water quality, and long
range land use. Inherent to these methods Is the defi-
nition of terms. Many common terms are used Incon-
sistently even within small groups; and when multiple
disciplines are involved, communication demands that
many terms must be defined for that particular pur-
pose. Thus, the definition of essential rock, soil, chemi-
cal, mineraloglcal, microbiological, and physical terms
constitute an important part of this project.(Color Illus-
trations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Surface mining, 'Overbur-
den, 'Manuals, Laboratory tests, Field tests, Toxlcity,
Neutralizing, Soil properties, pH, Sampling, Rock prop-
erties, Minerals, Chemical analysis, Particle size, Size
determination, Bulk density, Porosity, Soil moisture,
Weathering, Soil mlcrobloblology, Water pollution
abatement, Land use.
PB-280 496/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of the RBC Process for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment. Final rept.,
Pewaukee, WIs.
David L Kluge, Raymond J. Kipp, and Clifford J.
Crandall. Mar 78,106p EPA/600/2-78/028
Grant EPA-S-802905
Prepared in cooperation with Marquette Univ., Milwau-
kee, WIs.
The major objective of this study was to operate a full
scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) to determine
if it could produce an effluent that would meet the defi-
nition of a secondary effluent (BOD <30 mg/l; TSS
<30 mg/l). An additional objective was to compare
the performance and effluent quality of a RBC system
with a full scale trickling filter operating in a parallel
mode on the same influent wastewater. A secondary
objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of chemi-
cal addition (alum and ferric chloride) to remove phos-
phorus and determine its effect on operating perform-
ance. The following results were determined from
these studies. (1) The effluent from the RBC process
met and exceeded the standards for secondary treat-
ment. (2) The RBC process gave a superior effluent
quality in regard to BOD and TSS than the trickling
filter. (3) Chemical addition to the RBC process was ef-
fective for removing phosphorus. (4) Chemical addition
In the RBC process showed a deleterious effect on
BOD and TSS removal.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Filters, Comparison,
Performance evaluation, Phosphorus, Chemical
removalfSewage treatment), Iron chlorides, Alums,
Tables(Data), ^Rotating biological contactors, Trick-
ling filters, Biochemical oxygen demand.
PB-280 499/6 PC A07/MF A01
Economic Impact of Dissolved Solids Regulation
Upon the Coal Mining Industry (R76-7). Final rept.,
Illinois lost, for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Linda L. Huff, and Qregg A. Jarrell. Apr 78,143p \\BQ-
77-28
The coal mining industry In Illinois Is presently subject
to effluent limitations as described in Chapter 4 of the
Illinois Water Pollution Regulations. Such parameters
as Iron, pH, lead, zinc, fluoride, suspended solids, ni-
trogen, and acid are specifically limited In mining ef-
fluents. The report specifically examines the economic
Impact resulting from either maintaining the existing
lulatlon
regulation or adoptii
for total dissolved solids.
Keywords: "Economic impacts, 'Coal mines, 'Water
pollution control, 'Illinois, 'Regulations, Iron, pH,
Acids, Lead(Metals), Zinc, Fluorides, Nitrogen, Substi-
tutes, Benefit cost analysis, Forecasting, Industrial
wastes, State government, 'Dissolved solids, 'Water
quality, Illinois regulation R76-7.
PB-280 547/1 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Characterization of Reusable Municipal
Wsstewater Effluents and Concentration of Or-
ganic Constituents. Final rept. Jun 74-Mar 77,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans La.
James K. Smith, A. J. Englande, Mary M. McKown, and
Stephen C. Lynch. Feb 78,143p EPA/600/2-78/016
Contract EPA-68-03-2090
The main thrust of this project was to collect organic
concentrates from operating advanced wastewater
treatment (AWT) plants for use In health effects test-
ing. A reverse osmosis process was employed In the
first stage concentration; the organlcs were further
concentrated and recovered from the resulting brine
solution via liquid/liquid extraction. The final product
was supplied to EPA for identification and toxiclty test-
Ing In other on-going research efforts. In addition,
chemical, physical, and biological analyses of effluent
from the six AWT systems were conducted to deter-
mine how the quality of the effluents from these sys-
tems compared with current drinking water regula-
tions. In spite of the fact that the AWT systems were
not designed to produce potable water, all were char-
acterized by high quality effluents. Pilot and fully oper-
ational plants evaluated were Lake Tahoe, California;
Blue Plains, District of Columbia; Pomona, California;
Dallas, Texas; Escondido, California; and Orange
County, California. These systems were selected pri-
marily because of availability and because effluent
quality exceeded that of secondary treatment systems.
Spot samples taken over a six to nine month period In-
dicated that the parameters found to exceed drinking
water regulations In most of the treated effluents in-
cluded nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate), phenol, odor,
carbon chloroform extract, turbidity, and specific heavy
metals.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
'Water reclamation, 'Water analysis, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Potable water, Standards, Public health, Tech-
nology, Samples, Design criteria, Process charting,
Performance evaluation, Regulations, Tables(Data),
Virus, Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Reverse osmosis, Solvent extractions, Water quality,
'Tertiary treatment, Physical chemical treatment.
PB-280 551/3 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaluation of the Refuse Management System at
the Jersey City Operation Breakthrough Site. Final
rept.,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Jack Preston Overman, and Terry G. Statt. Feb 78,
240p EPA/600/2-78/017
Contract EPA-68-03-0094
This study evaluates the solid waste management
system at the Jersey City Operation Breakthrough site
and assesses the economic and technical practicality
of the system application for future residential com-
plexes. The Installation was the first pneumatic trash
collection system (PTC) used to collect residential
refuse In the U.S. This report describes labor costs, ro-
dents and vermin, odor, litter, and collection noise. The
report also compares cost and operation of the PTC
system with those aspects of conventional collection
systems.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Refuse disposal, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Economics, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, Data analysis, Technology,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Sampling, Odors, Man-
power, Rodents, Pneumatic trash collection system,
PTC system, Breakthrough operation, Jersey Clty(New
Jersey).
December 1983 405
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-280 SS9/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Dynamic* of Automotive SuUate Emissions. Inter-
im rept. Nov 76-Nov 77,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
S. H. Suck, K. de Bower, and J. R. Brock. Apr 78,56p
EPA/600/3-78/043
Grant EPA-R-803660
A preliminary assessment of the potential environmen-
tal impact of automotive sulfuric acid (or sulfate) aero-
sol has been made by analyzing the aerosol dynamics.
This analysis leads to the prediction of ambient auto-
motive sulfuric acid aerosol concentrations over and
around a large, ten-lane highway (48 m. x 20 km.),
some ten or so years hence, when almost all cars in
the United States will be fitted with catalytic convert-
ers. The attachment rate of fine automotive sulfuric
acid aerosols to ambient aerosols is examined. The
dispersion and deposition of automotive sulfate are
modelled over the highway for 'worst case' meteorol-
ogy using K-theory. The neutralizing effect of ambient
ammonia on sulfuric acid concentrations around the
highway is examined by a direct simulation procedure
for dispersion calculations. These calculations indicate
that adverse environmental effects of automotive sul-
furic acid emissions may be important under the stated
conditions of this study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Sulfuric acid,
•Sulfates, 'Mathematical models, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric diffusion,
Highways, Transport properties, Particle size distribu-
tion, Coagulation, Chemical reaction, Particles, Dis-
persing, Numerical analysis, 'Automobile exhaust,
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), AROSOL
models, EPOSOD models.
PB-280 562/0 PC A04/MF A01
Cost of Solid Waste Management In Northeast Illi-
nois. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Michael Friedman. Dec 77,53p IIEQ-77/37
The completed survey, accomplished from July
through September, 1976, covers 255 municipalities in
the six-county Chicago metropolitan area, with a com-
bined population of approximately 3.3 million. It as-
signs communities to one of four classifications de-
pending on the type of service available in each. These
categories are the following: Municipal collection; Con-
tract collection; Franchise collection; and, Private col-
lection.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
Refuse disposal, Collection, Cost analysis, Prices, Site
surveys, Containers, Questionnaires, Tables(Data),
Metropolitan areas, Illinois, Chicago(lllinois).
PB-280 563/8 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Removal of Toxic Metals from Metal Finishing
Wastewater by Solvent Extraction. Final rept.,
Texas Southern Univ., Houston.
Curtis W. McDonald. Feb 78,24p EPA/600/2-78/011
Grant EPA-R-803332-01
This report describes a study on the removal of chro-
mium, cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc from metal
finishing wastewater using the high molecular weight
amine Alamine 336. The study consisted of an initial
phase in which the extraction of the metal ions of inter-
est was studied using synthetic solutions. The second
phase of the study involved extraction from actual
metal finishing wastewater samples. The results of the
study indicated that chromium, cadmium and zinc ions
can be extracted simultaneously or selectively using a
100-to-l wastewater to Alamine-336-xylene solution.
The simultaneous extraction procedure appears to
have some promise for adoption at the industrial scale.
Copper and nickel could not be satisfactorily extracted
using this procedure. Chromium, cadmium, and zinc
can be stripped from the organic phase with better
than 99.5 percent efficiency using 4M NaOH. The re-
generated reagent can be recycled and reused without
any loss of extraction efficiency- The procedures are
reproducible, rapid and relatively simple.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal finishing,
•Solvent extraction, Separation, Electroplating, Chro-
mium, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Sludge, Chemical reac-
tions, Industrial wastes, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Alamine 336, Heavy
metals.
PB-280 565/3 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 12.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1975,85p
Consists of PB-280 566 thru PB-280 574.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 566/1
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Guidance for Safety Testing of Baculovlruses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
Aug 75,6p
Pub. in Baculoviruses for Insect Pest Control: Safety
Considerations, 1975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
The following guidance summarizes the data presently
required by the Agency to show the safety of nuclear
polyhedrosis and granulosis virus insecticides. (These
two groups of insect viruses in the following are re-
ferred to as Virus' or 'insect virus.') When testing the
safety of insect viruses, primary emphasis must be
given to their pathogenicity and not to their toxicity.
Pathogenicity is the capability of the microorganism to
infect or reproduce, or to cause overt or covert
changes, in animals or animal tissue other than target
insects. Toxicity means that microorganisms, and/or
their by-products, harm the test animal without actual
multiplication such as in certain adverse immunologi-
cal reactions.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Insect control, 'Pest control, Mi-
croorganisms, Tests, Safety, Dosage, Exposures, Ex-
perimental design, Birds, Plants(Botany), Fishes,
Humans, Monitoring, Skin(Anatomy), Respiratory
system, Respiration, Reprints, 'Baculovirus, DNA vir-
uses, 'Insect viruses, Biological pest control, 'Biologi-
cal insect control, Pathogens, Pathogenesis.
PB-280 567/9
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Relationship Between Depression of Brain or
Plasma Chollnesterase and Paralysis In Chickens
Caused by Certain Organic Phosphorus Com-
pounds.
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
22Jul63,10p
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v12 p1377-1386
1963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
A study has been made of the relationship between
the inhibition of plasma or brain cholinesterase of the
chicken and the paralytic syndromes caused by DFP,
TOCP, malathion, ronnel, EPN, and Trlthion. DDVP
and Dipterex served as nonparalytic controls. TOCP
was the only compound tested that was a specific in-
hibitor of brain cholinesterase. All compounds except
EPN inhibited plasma cholinesterase. All compounds
tested inhibited brain true and/or pseudocholinester-
ase. All paralytic compunds tested except DFP pro-
duced a prologed inhibition of brain true and/or pseu-
docholinesterase which lasted for 5. to 17 days. It was
concluded that no causative relationship exists be-
tween the prolonged inhibition of brain cholinesterase
and the paralytic syndromes. The regeneration of brain
cholinesterase after inhibition with DFP, Dipterex, or
DDVP is probably due to protein synthesis de novo;
the prologed inhibition of these enzymes after the ad-
ministation of the other compounds may be due in part
to the persistence of the inhibitor in the body.
jrds: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, "Toxl-
jj. Relationship, Brain, Cholinesterase inhibitors,
Blood plasma, Paralysis, Chickens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experimental data, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 568/7
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Exposure to Parathlon, Effect on General Popula-
tion and Asthmatics,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert S. Ganelin, Cipriano Cueto, Jr., and G. Allen
Mail. 1964,4p
Pub. in Jnl. of American Medical Association, v188
p807-810,1 Jun64.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
There has been much lay and medical concern regard-
ing toxic effects of insecticides on the general popula-
tion. In addition to direct toxic effects, it is suspected
that insecticidal application has deleterious physical
effects on persons with respiratory diseases. To evalu-
ate some of these problems, the authors have at-
tempted to quantitate actual absorption, symptoms,
and laboratory evidence of intoxication in persons with
varying degrees of exposure to parathion. By means of
controlled observations, the respiratory effect of appli-
cation of this compound on persons with bronchial
asthma was also measured. The results suggest that
the effect of this chemical on the general population is
negligible.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides, Ex-
posure, Nitro compounds, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Absorption(Biology), Asthma, Respiratory dis-
eases, Signs and symptoms, Humans, Tables(Data),
Excretion, Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Parathion,
Phosphorothioic acid/O-0-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitro-
phenyl-ester), 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health.
PB-280 569/5
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Potentlatlon of Phosphorus Insecticides by Phen-
othlazlne Derivatives: Possible Hazard, with
Report of a Fatal Case,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
John D. Arterberry, Robert W. Bonifaci, Edward W.
Nash, and Griffith E. Quinby. 1962,3p
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Medical Association, v182
p848-850,24 Nov 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
A mentally deficient apple rancher developed moder-
ate signs of organic phosphorus poisoning when his
blood cholinesterases were inactivated to near zero
after exposure to Phosdrin and parathion. Symptomat-
ic therapy included promazine on the 9th through the
12th days of illness. The patient became more agitat-
ed, and some signs of poisoning returned during at-
tempted tranquilization. After about the 8th dose of
promazine (Sparine) hydrochloride in 3 days, the pa-
tient developed convulsions, hypotension, and apnea,
and died. The possible hazard of phenothiazine-de-
rived drugs may outweigh their therapeutic value in the
treatment of organic phosphorus poisoning.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Drugs,
'Antidotes, Phosphates, Insecticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Toxic dis-
eases, Signs and symptoms, Therapy, Pharmacology,
Clinical medicine, Reprints, Parathion, Phosphoroth-
ioic acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester),
Phosdrin, Phenothiazines, 'Promazine, 'Occupational
safety and health.
PB-280 570/3
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Studies on the Percutaneous Absorption of Par-
athion and Paraoxon, III. Rate of Absorption of
Parathion,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson. 31 May 61,10p
Pub. In Acta Dermato-Venereologica, v41 p353-362
1961.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
The rate of percutaneous absorption of parathion has
been estimated in vivo by following the disappearance
from a topical deposit of 32P-labelled material in the
cat. There was a definite tendency towards inhibition
of plasma cholinesterase activity in two cats, while a
third animal failed to show this. The amount of radioac-
tivity in the blood five hours after the application corre-
sponded to 0.02 to 0.04 micrograms parathion per ml.
It was concluded that parathion is very slowly ab-
sorbed, which makes this compound very unsuitable
as a model substance In studies of the process of per-
cutaneous absorption. The results have been dis-
cussed with special regard to experimental errors in-
volved and to practical implications.
406 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), 'Pesticides, 'Insecti-
cides, Skin(Anatomy), Measurement, Humans, Labo-
ratory animals, In vivo analysis, Experimental data,
Cats, Insecticides, Tables(Data), Labeled substances,
Cholinesterase inhibitors, Physiology, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, 'Parathion, 'Phosphoric
acid/(diethyl-ester)-(mtrophenyl-ester), Bioaccumula-
tion, Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 571/1
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Percutaneous Absorption of Parathlon and Par-
aoxon. IV. Decontamination of Human Skin from
Parathlon,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson. 16 Feb 61, 4p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v3 p185-
188, Aug61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
An investigation has been made of the efficiency of a
decontamination procedure in removing P32-labeled
parathion from the skin surface of human volunteers.
Two series of experiments were performed, the materi-
al being left on the skin for 30 and 300 minutes, re-
spectively. The radioactivity was determined before
and after the cleansing procedure, and the residue cal-
culated as percentage of the initial count after subtrac-
tion of the background count. In the long-term group,
ordinary washing with soap and water for 30 seconds
left a residue of about 30% to 50%, while the residue
amounted to 8% to 20% in the short-term experiment.
An alcohol wash immediately after the initial cleansing
still left a considerable residue-more than 10% in the
300-minute series and approximately 5% in the other
series.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial medicine, Insecticides, Labeled substances,
Tables(Data), Preventive medicine, Skin(Anatomy),
Decontamination, Humans, Radioactivity, Reprints,
Parathion, 'Phosphoric acid/(diethyl-ester)-(nitro-
Phenyl-ester), Bioaccumulation, Pesticide residues,
Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 572/9
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Exposure to Parathlon, Measurement by Blood
Cholinesterase Level and Urinary p-Nltrophenol
Excretion,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
J. D. Arterberry, William F. Durham, Joseph W. Elliott,
and Homer R. Wolfe. 9 May 61,11 p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v3 p476-
*85,0ct61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
A survey of blood Cholinesterase activity and urinary p-
[wophenol excretion of occupational groups exposed
'° parathion was made in central Washington in 1958.
only the group with the highest potential exposure to
Parathion (mixing-plant personnel) showed a definite
°*crea8e in cholinesterase level during exposure. The
Jpzyme diminution for this group occurred only with
P* erythrocytes. All 5 of the highest exposure groups
mixing-plant personnel, commercial ground applica-
I0r*, part-time ground applicators, aircraft application
workers, and workers in orchards) excreted significant
quantities of p-nitrophenol during the period of their ex-
posure. The excretion of measurable amounts of p-nl-
jrophenol in the presence of normal plasma and red
•food cell cholinesterase levels is important as an indi-
cation that p-nitrophenol excretion is a more sensitive
"jeasure of exposure to parathion than is blood cholln-
°»terase activity. The average p-nitrophenol excretion
^>ne residents-near-orchard group was not signitl-
Jtywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxlcol-
°sy. Toxic diseases, Exposure, Excretion, Cholinester-
S*. Measurement, Insecticides, Tables(Data), Nitro-
|*[Wnol8, Signs and symptoms, Surveys, Phosphorus
compounds, Washlngton(State), Reprints,
on, 'toxic substances, 'Occupational safety
h, Metabolites.
PB-280 573/7
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Studies on the Percutaneous Absorption of Par-
athlon and Paraoxon. II. Distribution of 32P-La-
belled Parathlon within the Skin,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Torsten Fredriksson. 1961,10p
Pub. in Acta Dermato-Venereologica, v41 p344-352
1961.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
The distribution of 32P-labelled parathion (E605, or
diethyl 4-nitrophenyl thiononophosphate) within the
skin following topical application for various periods of
time was studied in excised skin from man, rat, rabbit,
and cat. Two different approaches were chosen: (1a)
determination of radioactivity In 25 consecutive cellu-
lose tape strips from the surface of human skin, (1b)
autoradiography of the same strips; and (2) autpradio-
graphy of skin sections with the use of four different
techniques. Various factors influencing the autoradio-
grams were studied, special attention being paid to ar-
tefacts due to diffusion, type of radiation, ana exposure
time of the photosensitive material. It was found that
parathion penetrates into hair follicles and sebaceous
glands to some extent, but it was concluded that this is
not necessarily the main route of absorption. There
also was increasing activity below the epidermal
layers, and transepidermal absorption is as likely. The
results were discussed with special attention to the in-
terpretation ol the autoradiograms and to the implica-
tions for other studies of the percutaneous absorption
of parathion.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), 'Pesticides, Insecti-
cides, Skin(Anatomy), Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Distribution, Labeled substances, Autoradio-
graphy, Experimental data, Humans, Laboratory ani-
mals, Exposure, Temperature, Reprints, 'Parathion,
* Phosphoric acid/(aiethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl-ester),
'Toxic substances, Pesticide residues, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB-280 574/5
(Order as PB-280 565, MF A01)
Pesticides In Relation to Public Health,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1960,26p
Pub. In Annual Review of Entomology, v5 p379-404
1960.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 12, PB-280 565.
Pesticides promote health directly through the control
of vector-borne diseases and indirectly through In-
creased and improved agricultural production. On the
contrary, the extensive use of any biologically active
chemical Implies a potential hazard which has to be
evaluated. The public health aspects of these valua-
ble, but potentially dangerous, economic poisons have
been ably reviewed, sometimes at greater length than
is permitted here. The facts have changed very little.
This review attempts to present some results of recent
research together with enough narrative to supply con-
tinuity.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Public health,
Tables(Data), Production, Insecticides, Deaths,
Tables(Data), Accidents, Safety, Exposure, Foreign
countries, Diagnosis, Therapy, Reviews, Toxic dis-
eases, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health.
PB-280 802/4 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology- Group 13.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1973,81p-in14v
Consists of PB-280 603 thru PB-280 616.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 603/2
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Adenoflbrosls In the Rat Liver, With Persistence
of Polychlorlnated Blphenyls In Adipose Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Renate 0. Kimbrough, Ralph E. Under, Vlrlyn W.
Burse, and Ralph W. Jennlng. 19 Apr 78,6p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v27 p390-
395, Dec 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
Fifty male Sherman strain rats were fed 500 ppm of a
polychlorlnated biphenyl (PCS) (Aroclor 1254) for six
months. Five each were killed zero, one, two, three,
four, six, eight, and ten months after exposure to Aro-
clor had ceased. The livers of these rats were exam-
ined by light and electron microscopy. Liver lesions
persisted although exposure to RGBs ceased. Ten
months after exposure ceased, 1,192 ppm PCBs were
still present in the rats' adipose tissue and 22.65 ppm
in the rat livers. Aroclor patterns found in the tissues by
electron capture gas chromatograhy differed from pat-
terns of dietary Aroclors. Mass spectral analysis of
liver and adipose tissue revealed three major Aroclor
components with masses of 324, 358, and 392. These
contained isotopic clusters indicative of the presence
of CIS, CI6, and CI7, respectively.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Ingestion(Biology), Exposure, Experimental
data, Physiological effect, Liver, TissuefBioiogy), Diet,
Chlorine organic compounds, Dosage, Pathology, Re-
prints, Adipose tissue, Pesticide residues, Bioaccumu-
lation, Adenofibrosis, 'Aroclor 1254, 'Biphenyl/
chloro, 'Toxic substances, 'Polychlorinated biphen-
yls.
PB-280 604/0
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Health Hazards of Discarded Pesticide Contain-
ers,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Homer R. Wolfe, William F. Durham, Kenneth C.
Walker, and John F. Armstrong. 4 May 61, 7p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v3 p531-
537, Nov61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
Observations made in orchard and row-crop areas of
the Pacific Northwest indicate that most applicators
destroy burnable containers soon after their content of
pesticide has been emptied. Disposal of glass or metal
containers, and particularly those of metal, is less
prompt. Occasionally, these glass or metal containers
may be used as drinking-water jugs or for other house-
hold uses. Residual parathion in 12 paper bags that
had each contained 4 pounds of the 25% water-wetta-
ble powder was found to range between 0.25 and 1.20
gm with a mean of 0/60 gm of the technical material.
Twenty-two 5-gallon metal drums which had contained
45.6% parathion emulsifiable concentrate were found
to contain residual amounts of technical parathion
ranging between 1.25 and 9.48 gm with a mean of 2.73
gm.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Disposal, Containers, Toxic diseases, Public health,
Children, Insecticides, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Hazards, Accidents, Safety, Combustion, Smoke,
Tables(Data), Recommendation, Decontamination,
Reprints, Air Sampling, 'Toxic subtances.
PB-280 605/7
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Insecticide Activity In Man: Urinary Excretion of
Paranltrophenol by Volunteers Following Dermal
Exposure to Parathlon at Different Ambient Tem-
peratures,
Communicable Disease Center, Phoenix, Ariz.
A. J. Funckes, G. R. Hayes, Jr., and W. V. Hartwell. 29
Nov 62,4p
Pub. in Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vl1 p455-
457,Nov-Dec63.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
The rate of absorption of parathion, as reflected by uri-
nary excretion of paranitrophenol, was measured in
human volunteers exposed to 2% parathion dust at
different ambient temperatures. Rates ol paranitrophe-
nol excretion varied directly with temperature between
58 and 105 F. Maximum excretion occurred 5 to 6
hours following initiation of exposure. Neither depres-
sions In cholinesterase activities nor clinical symptoms
were observed following the exposures used.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Phenols, Phosphorus organic compounds, Excretion,
December 1983 407
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ambient temperature, Skin(Anatomy), Exposure,
Humans, Absorption(Biology), Oust, Cholinesterase,
Signs and symptoms, Metabolism, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Reprints, 'Parathion, Metabolites,
•Phenol/nitro.
PB-280 606/5
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Diagnostic Problem* In Toxicology (Agriculture),
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 13 Jan 61, 8p
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Health, v3 p49-56,
Jul61.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
The chief basis for current diagnosis In toxicology Is a
history of adequate exposure to a chemical, associat-
ed with the presence of characteristic signs and symp-
toms. When both a clear history and clear signs are
present, such a diagnosis Is among the easiest In
medicine. When either the history or signs are unclear
or even lacking, such a diagnosis can be extremely dif-
ficult. Sometimes the patient, or those who accompa-
ny an unconscious patient, are simply unaware of an
exposure which has occurred; or they may be aware of
an exposure but completely uninformed about Its sig-
nificance. In such cases, a high Index of suspicion on
the part of the physician may lead to a correct diagno-
sis.
Keywords: "Diagnosis, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Toxic
diseases, Signs and symptoms, Patients, Clinical
medicine, Therapy, Insecticides, Chollnesterase, Aller-
gic diseases, Reprints, Hypersensltivlty, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental health.
PB-280 607/3
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
International Cooperation In Relation to the
Hazard of Pesticides,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1960,4p
Pub. in Proceedings of International Congress on Oc-
cupational Health (13th), July 25-29,1960, p120-122.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
International cooperation in relation to the benefits of
pesticides is well known. Most outstanding is work for
the control and eventual eradication of malaria. Less
well known is cooperation in learning the dangers of
chemical control and in developing safety measures
that permit continued utilization of valuable com-
pounds, both in agriculture and public health. Even in
the technically advanced countries there are still prob-
lems associated with the manufacture, formulation,
and especially the use of pesticides. These problems
are accentuated in places where the potential dangers
in the use of these poisons are not so well understood
and their proper labeling is neglected. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Foreign coun-
tries, Insecticides, Cooperation, Dieidrin, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health, Reprints.
PB-280 608/1
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Insecticide Toxicology: Manifestations of Cotton-
field Incectlcldee In the Mleeleelppl Delta,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Qa.
Richard E. L Fowler. 1953,5p
Pub. In Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v1 n6 p469-
473,10Jun53.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
A survey of school attendance and mortality records,
hospital admissions, and Illness among plantation
groups was undertaken to determine the possible toxic
hazard from the use of modern Insecticides In the Mis-
sissippi Delta. In all studies reported no evidence could
be found that pesticides were the direct or Indirect
cause of any chronic disease of a contributing cause In
diseases generally recognized as having other etiol-
ogies. A definite problem exists in relation to wide-
spread use of toxic compounds by Inadequately
trained and sometimes careless people.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Insecticides, Mississippi, Health surveys, Dis-
eases, Children, Tables(Data), Mortality, Morbidity,
Statistical data, Medical records, Negroes, Ethnic
groups, Toxic diseases, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
Toxic hazards, Race, 'Occupational safety and health,
Environmental health, Black Americans.
PB-280 609/9
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Dlnltroorthocresol Exposure from Apple-Thinning
Sprays,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Gordon S. Batchelor, Kenneth C. Walker, and Joseph
W. Elliott. 29 Dec 55,4p
Pub. in A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Health, v13
p593-596,Jun56.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
In contrast to England, where DNOC has proved a
hazard, the use of DNOC In the Wenatchee Valley ap-
pears to Involve shorter working hours, more dilute
stock solutions, more dilute spray solutions, and the
application of much less of the compound during a
season by any one worker. The measured exposure to
DNOC of spray operators In the Wenatchee Valley and
their urinary and blood levels of the compound Indicat-
ed that these operators are not subject to a significant
hazard In connection with the recommended use of
DNOC for thinning blossoms.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Insecticides, Exposure, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Cresols, Concentration(Composltlon),
Skln(Anatomy), Blood, Dosage, Great Britain, Foreign
countries, Washlngton(State), Experimental data,
Humans, Reprints, 'Cresol/dinitro-fsodium-salt), 'Oc-
cupational safety and health,
Wenatchee(Washington), 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 610/7
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Health Hazarde of Some Dlnltro Compounds, Ef-
fects Associated with Agricultural Usage In Wash-
ington State,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Homer R. Wolfe, William F. Durham, and Gordon S.
Batchelor. 28 Apr 61,8p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v3 p468-
475,Oct61.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
Studies were carried out to determine the health haz-
ards associated with the use of certain dinitro com-
pounds (DNOSBP and Na-DNOC) as weed control and
fruit tree blossom thinning sprays ih the State of Wash-
ington. Dermal exposure of spray equipment operators
was determined by exposing absorbent alpha cellu-
lose pads and items of white cotton clothing on various
parts of their bodies for one or more complete cycles
of spraying. Contamination of hands was measured by
rinsing In water in a polyethylene bag. Respiratory ex-
posure was estimated from contamination of filter
pads on respirators worn during spraying operations.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medicine, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Herbicides, Hazards, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Cresols, Exposure, Skin(Anatomy), Experi-
mental data, Humans, Protective clothing, Respiratory
system, Equipment, Excretion, Foreign countries,
Great Britain, Washlngton(State), Reprints, 'Cresol/
dlnltro-(sodlum-salt), 'Toxic substances, 'Occupation-
al safety and health, Metabolites.
PB-280 611/6
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Orel Toxlclty of Mlrex In Adult end Suckling Rate,
With Note* on the Ultraatructure of Liver
Change*,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Thomas B. Galnes, and Renate D. Klmbrough. 16 Jan
70,8p
Pub. In Arch Environ Health, v21 p7-14, Jul 70.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
The oral toxicity of mlrex and Its effect on reproduction
was studied In rats. The one-dose oral lethal dose for
50% survival of the group (LD50) In females was 365
mg/kg/day; the 90-dose oral LD50 was 6 mg/kg/day.
The cnronlclty factor was 60.8. Females fed 25 ppm
mlrex had fewer offspring born alive, significantly fewer
offspring survived to weaning, and many pups devel-
oped cataracts. Females fed 5 ppm produced normal
litters. Offspring born to mothers fed 25 ppm mlrex and
nursed by nontreated foster mothers had a low Inci-
dence of cataracts and a normal survival rate to wean-
Ing. Gas chromatographlc analysis of milk and fetuses
showed excretion of mlrex in the milk and passage
through the placental barrier. Livers of male and
female rats fed 25 ppm mirex weighed significantly
more than controls. Proliferation of smooth endoplas-
mlc retlculum and osmlophlllc dense bodies were ob-
served In these livers with the electron microscope.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Ingestlon(Blology), Toxlclty, Diets, Lethal dosage,
Liver, Pathology, Chlorine organic compounds, Physio-
logical effects, Females, Tables(Data), Morphology,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Mlrex, Kepone.
PB-280 612/3
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Organochlorlne Pesticide Residues In Human Adi-
pose Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
F. W. Kutz, A. R. Yobs, and S. C. Strassman. 1975,3p
Pub. In the Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological
and Environmental Pathologlsts, v4 n1 p17-19, Mar
76.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
The presence and distribution of Insecticide residues
In human tissue have been among the multitude of fac-
tors considered In these regulatory decisions. Most of
the human residue data were provided by the EPA Na-
tional Human Monitoring Program. The purpose of this
program Is to determine the Incidence and level of ex-
posure to pesticides experienced by the general popu-
lation of the United States and to identify changes and
trends in these parameters when they occur. This
paper reports findings of selected organochlorine resi-
dues for survey conducted on human adipose tissue
during fiscal years 1970,1971, and 1972.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Tissues(Biology),
Humans, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides,
Tables(Data), Residues, Reprints, Adipose tissue,
'Pesticide residues, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 613/1
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Pesticides In People: Organochlorlne Pesticide
and Polychlorlnated Blphenyl Residues In Blop-
sled Human Adipose Tissue-Texas 1969-72,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
James E. Burns. 1974,5p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v7 n3/4 p122-126,
Mar 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
Organochlorine pesticide residue levels were deter-
mined in 221 samples of human adipose tissue from
elective surgery in 1969-72 in the lower Rio Grande
Valley of Texas. Standard electron capture-gas-liquld
chromatographlc methods were used. The total DDT
level was 23.18 ppm; the DDE level was 17.37, the
highest yet reported for a general population. Dieidrin
and beta BHC levels were also high: 0.35 and 1.29
ppm, respectively. No decrease In storage levels
during the study period was detected. There was no
difference due to sex, but Mexican-Americans had sig-
nificantly higher residues of DDE, p,p't-DDT, and dlel-
drln than did Anglo-Americans. Polychlorlnated bl-
phenyls were detected In 15 samples In 1971 but none
were detected In the other 3 years.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, DDT, Humans,
Storage, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Tlssues(Blology), Dieidrin, Sex, Tables(Data), Surgery,
Reprints, 'Pesticide residues, Bioaccumulation, Adi-
pose tissue, DDE Insecticide, Llndane, Mexican Ameri-
cans, Polychlorlnated blphenyls, Benzene/hexach-
loro, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 614/9
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
408 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pesticides in People: Total Mercury Levels In Se-
lected Human Tissues, ldaho-1973-74,
Idaho State Dept. of Health and Welfare, Boise.
J. Qabica, W. Benson, and M. Loomis. 1975, 5p
Contract EPA-68-02-0552
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 n2 p59-63, Sep
75.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280602.
Total mercury levels were determined in human tis-
sues taken at autopsy from six hospitals in the three
basic geographical areas of Idaho. Of the 242 speci-
mens analyzed, 76 percent contained detectable mer-
cury. Levels were compared with respect to the age,
sex, and geographic residence of autopsied individ-
uals. Mean levels detected were 1.04 ppm in kidney
tissue, 0.34 ppm in liver, and 0.06 ppm in brain. Mean
mercury levels for the three geographical areas were:
southeastern Idaho, 0.22 ppm; southwestern Idaho,
0.80 ppm; and northern Idaho, 0.43 ppm. The relatively
high means in southwestern Idaho specimens may be
related to the preponderance of natural cinnabar de-
posits in that portion of the State. Mercury levels were
higher in women than men for all tissues in both the
southwestern and northern areas, but the reverse was
true in the southeast. Data were compared with find-
Ings of other investigators in an attempt to arrive at
background levels of total mercury residues in human
Keywords: *Mercury(Metal), 'Toxicology, "Pesticides,
Idaho, Tissues(Biology), Liver, Kidney, Brain, Humans,
Age, Sex, Distribution, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 615/6
(Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
Environmental Quality and Safety. Supplement
Volume III,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Frederick Coulston, and Friedhelm Korte. 1975, 7p
Pesticides Lectures held at the IUPAC International
Congress of Pesticide Chemistry (3rd), Helsinki, 3-9
July 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 13, PB-280 602.
The United States as member of the Codex Alimentar-
jus Commission has been involved in the work of the
Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR)
since the formation of this Committee. However, up to
this point, no national policy has been established con-
cerning what constitutes an acceptance of a Codex in-
ternational tolerance. The United States commitment
'0 the Codex pesticide work depends, in large part, on
what is meant by acceptance of a Codex tolerance. At
Present, or at least until recently, a Codex general
*nndard may be accepted by a country In accordance
With its established legal and administrative proce-
dures in respect to the distribution of products to which
we general standard applies, whether imported or
home-produced, within Its territorial jurisdiction.
Keywords: *Tolerances(Physiology), 'Pesticides,
Standards, United States,
^ncentratlon(Composition), Acceptability, 'Pesticide
residues, Bioaccumulation, Maximum permissible ex-
Posure level, Threshold limit value.
pB-280 616/4
u (Order as PB-280 602, MF A01)
"•sane Extractable Chlorinated Insecticides In
Human Blood,
[jornrnunicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Qa.
"Warn E. Dale, August Curley, and Clpriano Cueto, Jr.
2.8Oct65,8p
. in LHe Sciences, v5 p47-54 1 966.
in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
roup 13, PB-280 602.
method described has detected in blood 6 of the 8
or metabolites of chlorinated hydrocarbon In-
es known to occur in the fat of people in the
tera! population of the United States, and it has de-
2 others In people with occupational or acute
ure. Although low recoveries are obtained of
materials apparently due to binding of some
[•protituents of blood, this may offer some advantage.
"'any event, the concentration of chlorinated insecti-
CKJes and related materials as detected by this method
follows the pattern of exposure and recovery and thus
permits toxicological evaluation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Blood chemical analysis, Humans, Blood, DDT,
Concentration(Composition), Distribution, Dieldrin,
Heptachlor, Tables(Data), Detection, Insecticides,
Hexanes, Industrial medicine, Reprints, DDE insecti-
cide, BHC, Benzene/hexachloro, Heptachlor epoxide,
Methano-indeno-oxirene, Metabolites, Adipose tissue,
'Toxic substances.
PB-280 624/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Air Pollution Assessment of Vlnylldene Chloride.
Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
' J. Hushon, and M. Kornreich. Apr 78,82p MTR-7230,
EPA/450/3-78/015
Contract EPA-68-02-1495
Vinylidene chloride Is toxic to laboratory animals and
can be fatal at sufficiently high dose levels. Liver is the
prime target organ of vinylidene chloride in mammals.
Hepatic injury can occur rapidly after inhalation expo-
sure. Chronic exposure to low levels of vinylidene chlo-
ride can result in liver and kidney damage. Vinylidene
chloride is a central nervous system depressant re-
ported to have a narcotic effect. Mutagenicity of vinyli-
dene chloride in micro-organisms indicates a need for
investigation of its carcinogenicity. The population at
risk due to vinylidene chloride exposure is composed
primarily of workers in industrial or commercial oper-
ations manufacturing or using it. Airborne emissions of
vinylidene chloride are not likely to pose a significant
risk to the general population. Emissions during pro-
duction, storage, and transport can be controlled by
methods similar to those planned for control of vinyl
chloride.
Keywords: 'Vinylidene chloride resins, 'Toxicology,
'Industrial medicine, Humans, Kidney, Physiological
effects, Thermoplastic resins, Addition resins, Toxicity,
Laboratory animals, Concentration(Composltion), Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Populations, Industrial atmos-
pheres, Measurement, Risk, Sources, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Tables(Data), Liver, Expo-
sure, Respiration, Environmental health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Occupational safety and health,
Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, Air pollution control.
PB-280 625/5 PC A10/MF A01
Water Quality Management Guidance for Mine-Re-
lated Pollution Sources (New, Current, and Aban-
doned). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Dan Deely. Dec 77,212p' EPA/440/3-77/027
Guidance information and direction is offered to State
and local Water Quality Management (WQM) agencies
dealing with prevention and control of water pollution
from new, current and/or abandoned mine-related pol-
lution sources under the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's 208 Program. Aspects of mine-related
water Quality Management Plan development which
are separately explained and discussed include water
pollution source Identification and assessment, current
source control, Identification and use of 'Best Manage-
ment Practices', abandoned source abatement, new
source planning, and continuing water quality planning
and management. Information presented includes
mining regulatory control system features needed for
effective water pollution prevention and control, basic
mining water pollution control principles, and distinc-
tions between point sources and nonpoint sources.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Mining, 'Water pollution,
'Water quality management, Surface water, Ground
water, Tailings, Subsurface drainage, Erosion control,
Dust, Land reclamation, Water pollution abatement,
Surface water runoff, 'Mine acid drainage, Nonpoint
sources, Best management practices.
PB-280 657/8 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Full-Scale Demonstration of Nitrogen Removal by
Breakpoint Chlorination. Final rept,
Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, Calif.
Richard W. Stone. Mar 78,80p' EPA/600/2-78/029
Grant EPA-S-803343-01
Prepared in cooperation with Sacramento Area
Consultants, Calif.
A large-scale breakpoint chlorination system was con-
structed and operated at Rancho Cordova, CA. Reli-
able operation was demonstrated and a number of ob-
servations regarding process chemistry and engineer-
ing were made, including (1) the chlorine to ammonia-
N ratio required to reach breakpoint and to maintain a
controllable free residual was 10:1; (2) nitrate produc-
tion was not pH sensitive In the range 6.5 to 8.5; (3) the
rate of reaction of ammonia oxidation varied with final
pH, with fastest rates observed at pH 7.0. Slower rates
were observed at lower and higher pH; (4) mixing in-
tensity had no effect upon chemical requirements or
effluent quality, but was important for smooth process
control; (5) the amount of sodium hydroxide used for
neutralization was identical to that predicted from stol-
chiometry; (6) the control system used here provided
excellent control of the process chemistry.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chlorination, 'Ammo-
nia, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Inorganic nitrates,
pH, Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), Design cri-
teria, Process charting, Performance evaluation, Oxi-
dation, 'Breakpoint chlorination, Rancho
Cordova(California), Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-280 662/8 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Sewage Sludge Entrenchment System for Use by
Small Municipalities. Interim rept. for Jun 74-Jun 75,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. Biologi-
cal Waste Management and Soil Nitrogen Lab.
J. M. Walker, L. Ely, P. Hundemann, N. Frankos, and A.
Kaminski. Feb78,83p' EPA/600/2-78/018
A method of disposing of dewatered sewage sludge by
entrenching It into soil was developed for small com-
munities. Readily available and relatively inexpensive
equipment was used. Included were a tractor equipped
with a loader and backhoe, and dump truck or con-
crete mixer truck. A tractor operator and a truck driver
were required. Trenches, dug with the backhoe, were
60 cm wide, 60 cm deep, and 60 cm apart. The time re-
quired to entrench 12 tons of dewatered sludge was
one hour. The estimated cost of sludge incorporation
was less than $15.00 per ton of dewatered sludge.
Cost items included equipment, personnel, hauling (64
km round trip), land, drainage monitoring, and cultiva-
tion. Reuse of a previously trenched site Indicated that
about 2 years Is the minimum satisfactory time lapse
between the first and second entrenchment. Trench-
Ing of limed sludge cake can be done without odor or
surface water runoff problems. Trenching Is most ap-
propriate on low quality land where surface application
Is not feasible.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, 'Sludge disposal, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Ditches, Soil properties, Drainage, Earth
handling equipment, Cost estimates, Manpower, Cal-
cium oxides, Odors, Surface water runoff, Monitoring,
Viruses, Metals, Nitrogen, Feasibility, Trenching.
PB-280 663/6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. - Cincinnati,
Ohio
State-of-the-Art Study: Demilitarization of Con-
ventional Munitions. Final rept.,
American Defense Preparedness Association, Wash-
ington, D.C.
Norman I. Shapira, James Patterson, John Brown, and
Kenneth Noll. Feb 78,143p* EPA/600/2-78/012
Grant EPA-R-804401
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-265 385.
The report reviews the technology currently In use by
the military for disposal of obsolete, unsafe, and
excess explosives and propellents and, to the extent
possible, characterizes the air, water, and solid wastes
generated by these operations. The study outlines the
present environmental problems of the industry, the
technology in use to control these problems, and the
research needed to upgrade the pollution abatement
technology. In addition to being directly pertinent to the
explosives industry segment of EPA's R&D program,
many of the concepts and technologies noted may
have wider bearing on pollution abatement in other
chemical industry segments.
December 1983 409
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Explosives, 'Propellents, * Environmental
surveys, 'Demilitarization, 'Reviews, Air pollution con-
trol, Water pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Fur-
naces, Incinerators, Scrubbers, Fines, Particles, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sludges, Cost analysis, Trends, Combus-
tion products, Technology, Detonation, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Land disposal, Washout, Open
burning, Waste water reuse, State of the art.
PB-280 675/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Browns Ferry Blothermal Research Series I. Colo-
nization by Periphyton, Zooplankton, and Ma-
crolnvertebrates. Interim rept.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Decatur, Ala. Biothermal
Research Section.
Brian J. Armitage, Thomas D. Forsythe, Elizabeth B.
Rodgers, and William B. Wrenn. Feb 78,56p EPA/
600/3-78/020
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority. Div. of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Devel-
opment.
Colonization studies on a series of 12 outdoor experi-
mental channels supplied with water from Wheeler
Reservoir (Tennessee River) were completed at the
Browns Ferry Biothermal Research Station in Ala-
bama. Species composition, dominance, seasonal pat-
terns, colonization rates, and biomass estimates were
determined over a 24-month period for periphyton,
zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates. In general, the
species composition and the relative densities of algal
and invertebrate organisms that colonized the chan-
nels indicated that the channels successfully simulate
reservoir ecosystems for those trophic levels.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Zooplankton, 'Ecology,
'Thermal pollution, 'Wheeler reservoir, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Algae, Primary biological productivity, Growth,
Abundance, Biomass, Laboratories, Chlorophylls,
Seasonal variations, Sampling, Alabama, Periphyton.
PB-280 676/8 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Biological Treatment, Effluent Reuse, and Sludge
Handling for the Side Leather Tanning Industry.
Final rept.,
Foot (S. B.) Tanning Co., Red Wing, Minn.
L. B. Polkowski, W. C. Boyle, and B. F. Christensen.
Feb 78,258p EPA/600/2-78/013
Prepared in cooperation with Polkowski, Boyle and As-
sociates, Madison, Wis.
An evaluation of the treatability of unsegregated, une-
qualized, and unneutralized wastewaters from a side-
leather tanning industry utilizing the hair pulping proc-
ess by primary and secondary biological and gravity
separation in clarifier-thickeners, whereas the second-
ary treatment method employed aerated ponds and
final clarifiers with the capability of recycling biological
solids. The system was operated over a wide range of
detention times, with and without solids recycle, and
nutrient (phosphorus) addition, and during seasonal
variation representing mean monthly air temperature
variations from -14C to 30C. The removal efficiencies
were related to loading relationships as well as tem-
perature variations. The secondary treatment effluent
was reused in the beamhouse operations under test
conditions to evaluate the effects of water conserva-
tion practice on leather qualities as well as to deter-
mine the buildup of conservative substances in the
wastewater effluent such as chloride.
Keywords: 'Leather, 'Tanning materials, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Solid waste disposal, Sludge disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Nutrients, Dewatering, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Capitalized costs, Lagoons(Ponds), Chlorination,
Chemical analysis, Oxygen, Transport properties,
Water analysis, Biological industrial waste treatment,
Waste recycling, Water reuse, Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB-280 687/5 PC A20/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
A Qulde to Environmental Benefits Assessment In
Economic Impact Studies. Final rept.,
Governors State Univ., Park Forest South, III. Environ-
mental Management Program.
Howard A. Roberts, and Herman Sievering. Apr 78,
463p* IIEQ-77/32
This guide is intended to provide an overview of the
field of environmental benefits assessment and to sug-
gest a framework for the conduction of the assess-
ment in relation to the economic impact studies called
for in Illinois Public Act 79-790. (Assessment of envi-
ronmental costs due to increased pollution relies on
the same principles and methods.) (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Illinois, 'Regulations, 'Benefit cost analysis,
Assessments, Forecasting, Mathematical models,
Sources, State government, Illinois Public Act 79-790,
Benefits.
PB-280 696/6 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Sorbents for Fluoride, Metal Finishing, and Petro-
leum Sludge Leachate Contaminant Control. Final
rept. Jun 75-May 77,
New Jersey Inst. of Tech., Newark.
Paul C. Chan, Robert Dresnack, John W. Liskowitz,
Angelo Perna, and Richard Trattner. Mar 78,94p EPA/
600/2-78/024
GrantEPA-R-803717
This report covers the initial laboratory studies carried
out to identify the most promising sorbents that may be
used to significantly reduce the concentration of mea-
surable contaminant in calcium fluoride sludge leach-
ate, metal finishing sludge leachate, and petroleum
sludge leachate. Laboratory evaluations were made of
bottom ash, acidic and basic fly ashes, vermiculite,
illite, activated carbon, kaolinite, natural zeolite, acti-
vated alumina, and cullite for the removal of contami-
nants in the leachate and liquid portion of these three
industrial sludges. Batch and lysimeter studies were
carried out to evaluate the static and dynamic sorbent
capacity for the constituents present in the leachate.
Permeability exhibited by these sorbents when con-
tacted with an industrial sludge leachate was also
studied. The pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen
demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOG), cationic
and anionic species in the leachate before and after
contact with the sorbent materials and the coefficient
of permeability were determined. Considerable vari-
ations in composition and concentration of leachate
constituents were shown. Batch and lysimeter studies
revealed that no single sorbent could be used to
reduce the concentration of the constituents found in
the leachate of a specific sludge; rather, combinations
of two or more sorbents could be used. The sludges
chosen for this study were a calcium fluoride sludge (of
the type generated by the electronic and aircraft indus-
tries), a metal finishing sludge, and a petroleum
sludge. These sludges were selected because their
annual production is of a significant magnitude to
present disposal problems.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sor-
bents, Calcium fluorides, Metal finishing, Leaching, Ly-
simeters, Permeability, pH, Chemical oxygen demand,
Anions, Cations, Conductivity, Carbon, Flyash, Petro-
leum industry, Water pollution control, Earth fills, Sand,
Vermiculite, Kaolinite, Illite, Activated carbon, Alumi-
num oxide, Ion exchange resins, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Cullite, 'Sludge treatment.
PB-280 712/1 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Simulation of Nitrogen Movement, Transforma-
tion, and Uptake In Plant Root Zone. Final rept. 10
Mar 75-9 Mar 77,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
James M. Davidson, Donald A. Graetz, P. Suresh C.
Rao, and H. Magdi Sellm. Mar 78,118p* EPA/600/3-
78/029
Grant EPA-R-803607
A detailed research model and a conceptual manage-
ment model were developed to describe the fate of ni-
trogen in the plant root zone. Processes considered in
both models were one-dimensional transport of water
and water-soluble N-species as a result of Irrigation/
rainfall events, equilibrium absorption-desorptlon, mi-
crobiological N-transformatlons, and uptake of water
and nitrogen species by a growing crop. The research
model was based on finite-difference approximations
(explicit-implicit) of the partial differential equations de-
scribing one-dimensional water flow and convective-
dispersive NH4 and NO3 transport along with simulta-
neous plant uptake and microbiological N-transforma-
ttons. Ion-exchange (absorption-desorption) of NH4
was also considered. The micro-biological transforma-
tions incorporated into the model describe nitrification,
denitrification, mineralization and immobilization.
Keywords: 'Plant physiology, 'Plant nutrition, 'Nitro-
gen, Fertilizers, Mathematical models, Partial differen-
tial equations, Nitrification, Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Ammonia, Ion exchanging, Adsorption, Plant
tissues, Soil water, Reaction kinetics, Fortran, Com-
puter programs, Denitrification.
PB-280 714/7 PC A11/MF A01
Symposium on Environmental Transport and
Transformation of Pesticides: Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R.
Project 02.03-31, 'Forms and Mechanisms by
Which Pesticides and Chemicals are Transport-
ed',
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
S. G. Malakhov, and David W. Duttweiler. Feb 78,
250p* EPA/600/9-78/003
Under the USA-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in
the Field of Environmental Protection, a joint project
committee on environmental transport of agricultural
chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) sponsored a sym-
posium on 20-27 October 1976 in Tbilisi, USSR.
Papers were presented by American and Soviet scien-
tists on the movement and transformations of pesti-
cides in the atmosphere, in soils, in water, in plants,
and in animals, and on the use of mathematical model-
ing to describe the transport and transformation of
pesticides in the environment. Twenty-six papers en-
compassed reviews of the state of the art in each
country and results of research on particular aspects
of the topics.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fertilizers, 'Meetings,
'Transport properties, 'Environmental surveys, At-
mospheric motion, Soils, Plants(Botany), Animals,
Mathematical modeling, DDT, Hormones, Irrigation,
Chlorine organic compounds, Metabolism, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Thiocarbamates, Cyclohex-
ane/hexachloro, Path of pollutants, Ecosystems.
PB-280 715/4 PC A12/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for EnvironmentalQuality, Chicago.
Economic Impact of Proposed Amendments to
Mercury Effluent Standards In Illinois (R76-17)
(R76-21). Final rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale.
Echol E. Cook, and Lee Rogers. Dec 77,258p IIEQ-77-
33
The Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality (IIEQ)
has proposed modifying Rules 408 and 702 of Chapter
3: Water Pollution (Illinois Pollution Control Board
Rules and Regulations) which would in effect change
the mercury effluent standard from 0.5 ug/l to 3.0 ug/l.
Other changes contained in the same proposal but an-
cillary to this study would alter the effluent standards
for other constituents, modify the sample averaging
procedure, and so on.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Illinois, 'Economic im-
pacts, 'Water pollution control, 'Toxicology, Stand-
ards, Regulations, Benefit cost analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Sewage, Sludges, Sam-
pling, Water analysis, Aquatic biology, Chemical analy-
sis, Food chains, Mercury poisoning, Toxic diseases,
Bloaccumulation, Environmental health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Air pollution effects(Humans), Maximum per-
missible exposure level, Threshold limit values.
PB-280 717/0 PC A04/MF A01
Morton Grove Lead Study: An Investigation of the
Contribution of Airborne Lead from Automobile
Exhaust to Blood Lead Levels In Suburban Chil-
dren. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Sally J. Jansen, Bertram W. Carnow, and Tsukasa
Namekata. Apr 78,73p IIEQ-77-13
The results of the Morton Grove Lead Study suggest
that airborne lead from autos using heavily traveled
roadways may contribute to the blood lead levels of
children, especially to that of preschool children. Be-
cause of these findings, it is recommended that baf-
fles, such as trees, be utilized along major roadways
passing through populated areas. Children residing
along such roadways should receive instruction In hy-
giene so they understand the importance and reason
for keeping non-food items out of their mouths and for
410 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
frequent and thorough handwashing. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Exhaust gases, Exposure,
Children, Vehicular traffic, Age, Blood,
Concentration(Composition), Correlation, Public
health, Tables(Data), Air pollution, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Morton Grove(lllinois), 'Automobile
exhaust, Preschool children, Air quality, Environmental
health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 718/8 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Procedure for the Evaluation of Environmental
Monitoring Laboratories. Rept. for 10 Jan 75-10 Jan
76,
Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Charles A. Bicklng, Steven Olin, and Peter King. Mar
78, 227p EPA/600/4-78/01 7
Contract EPA-68-03-2171
A procedure was developed for the on-site evaluation
of environmental laboratories in such media as air,
water, radiation and pesticides. The procedure in-
cludes registration and preliminary questionnaire
forms, on-site visits checklist, evaluator's guide and a
scoring system for assessment of the laboratory's
management, personnel, facilities, analytical method-
ology and Instruments and its quality control proce-
dures. This research report is not an official EPA
manual. Rather, it is a report which is but one of a
series being used as input to develop EPA Manuals
and Guidelines for Certification Programs.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Environmental surveys,
'Monitoring, Assessments, Sites, Evaluation,
rorms(Paper), Quality control, Methodology, Labora-
tory equipment, Management, Procedures.
PB-280 720/4 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
"•cycling ol Water In Poultry Processing Plants.
Summary rept.,
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
C. J. Rogers. Mar 78, 38p EPA/600/2-78/039
Grant EPA-S-800930
Studies were conducted on recycling chiller water in a
Poultry processing plant. The recycling system must
be provided with the capability of removing solids and
controlling the microbial population. UV was used to
control the microbial population. For this control to be
effective, solids must be removed to a level to allow
light transmission. Methods studied include: (1) cy-
clonic desludgers, (2) vibrating screens, (3) flotation
cells, (4) centrifugal waste concentration, (5) filtration
*nh diatomaceous earth (DE) filter aid, and (6) activat-
ed carbon. Pilot-scale results showed that DE filtration
was the most feasible option and that It maintained the
Bacterial level below that of the nonrecycled system.
operating costs for the DE filtration system with 30
gallons equivalence of ice per minute are $79.06/day.
Normal operating costs of the chiller without recycle
•re $146.90/day, thus a savings of $67.84/day.
Keywords: *Food processing, 'Waste water reuse,
industrial waste treatment, 'Water reclamation, Flo-
,
, Microorganism control(Sewage), Disinfection,
ultraviolet radiation, Centrifugal filtration, Diatoma-
ceous earth, Vibrating screens, Activated carbon proc-
•*». Coagulation, Dewatering, Operating costs, Poul-
"V. Poultry processing, Water pollution abatement.
JJB-280 '26/3 PC A99/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
gmiMton Control Technology Div.
"Judy of Exhaust Emissions from 1966 through
I*7* Model-Year Light-Duty Vehicles In Denver,
;1»ca.go, Houston and Phoenix,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, Colo.
gjuglas fi. LHjedahl. and Jerry L. Terry. Aug 77, 803p
Contract EPA-68-03-2378
tests were performed on a sample of light-
S«y vehicles operating in the Chicago, Houston,
rjoenix and Denver metropolitan areas. These tests
!J"re performed for the determination of light-duty ve-
^fe emission factors. All vehicles were tested in the
Srrecelved condition by the Federal Test Procedure.
""ter tests included the Highway Fuel Economy Test,
Modal Emission Tests, the Federal Short Cycle Test, a
composite of the New Jersey ACID Test and the New
York Short Test, the Clayton Keymode Test, the Two
Speed Idle Test and the Federal Three Mode Test. A
Revised Federal Three Mode Test and the Sulfate
Emission Test were also performed. The Phoenix
sample included twenty dlesel-powered vehicles which
were tested by the diesel version of the Federal Test
Procedure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test and
Modal Emission Tests. Evaporative Emission Tests by
the SHED procedure were also conducted on twenty
vehicles in Denver. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Motor
vehicles, Tests, Sulfates, Fuel consumption, Evapora-
tion, Data analysis, Tables(Data), Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
'Light duty vehicles, 'Emission factors, Procedures,
Fugitive emissions.
PB-280 726/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Rail Tank Car, Tank Truck,
and Drum Cleaning, State-of-the-Art. Final rept.
Aug 76-Sep 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
D. E. Earley, K. M. Tackett, and T. R. Blackwood. Apr
78,69p' MRC-DA-713, EPA-600/2-78-004G
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-279171.
This document reviews the state of the art of air emis-
sions and water pollutants from cleaning rail tank cars,
tank trucks, and drums. Composition, quantity, and
rate of emissions and pollutants are described. Rail
tank cars, tank trucks, and drums are used to transport
chemical and petroleum commodities from producer to
consumer. Steaming, washing and/or flushing of such
units result in air emissions and wastewater effluents.
Air emissions are predominantly organic chemical
vapors. Water pollutants common to these operations
are primarily oil and grease, COD, BOD, suspended
solids and many other organic and inorganic materials.
Representative sources were defined in order to
evaluate the hazard potential. Source severity was de-
fined and evaluated for air emissions and for
wastewater effluents. Control methods used to reduce
emissions from rail tank car and tank truck cleaning
consist only of flaring flushed gases. By EPA esti-
mates, two-thirds of the tank truck Industry discharges
into municipal systems with little or no pretreatment.
This treatment has generally been limited to sedimen-
tation, neutralization, evaporation ponds, and lagoons.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Cargo ve-
hicles, 'Cleaning, *Drums(Chemical engineering),
'Railroad cars, Organic compounds, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Oils, Greases, Concentration(Composition), Con-
tainers, Design criteria, Forecasting, Technology, Inor-
ganic compounds, Biochemical oxygen demand,
sources, Assessments, Pollution control, Tank cars,
Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-280 738/6 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Economic Analysis, Root Control, and Backwater
Flow Control as Related to Infiltration/Inflow
Control. Final rept. 1974-Jul 76,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Richard H. Sullivan, Robert S. Gemmell, Lawrence A.
Schafer, and William D. Hurst. Dec 77,111 p* EPA/
600/2-77-017A
Contract EPA-803151
See also PB-279 052.
A study was conducted to Identify and analyze present
practices for determining and controlling Infiltration
and Inflow (I/O and investigate the role of roots and
tide or backwater gates In the I/I problem. It was found
through on-slte Investigations and questionnaires that
local authorities were just starting to consider their I/I
problems. Roots were found to be a major sewer
system problem. Tide gates were found to be consid-
ered satisfactory, although generally they receive in-
frequent maintenance and often do not properly close.
The results of the study are presented In four volumes.
This report reviews a sample economic analysis and
Information concerning root control and tide gates as
determined by the study.
Keywords: 'Fluid Infiltration, 'Sanitary sewers, 'Com-
bined sewers, Surveys, Flow control, Sewer pipes,
Maintenance, Cost analysis, Cleaning, Inspection,
Questionnaires, Evaluation, Design, Performance,
Economic factors, Urban areas, 'Roots, Tide gates.
PB-280 750/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
A Demonstration of Areawlde Water Resources
Planning. Final rept.,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
D.C.
Charles S. Spooner, John Promise, and Philip H.
Graham. Apr 78,212p* EPA/600/5-78/006A
Grants EPA-S-802149, EPA-16110-FEY
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-271 864.
The Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
Framework Water Resources Planning Model devel-
oped and tested under this study is a comprehensive
analytical tool for use in areawide water resources
management planning. The physical simulation portion
was formed by linking component computer models
which test alternative future community development
patterns by small area, estimate water demands by
usage categories, calculate sewage flows based on
water demands and add infiltration/inflow, simulate
stormwater runoff, test application of alternative waste
treatment management systems, and simulate the
impact assessment portion of the Framework Model
includes methodologies for assessing the fiscal,
social, and environmental impacts of alternatives.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'District of Columbia, Project planning, Math-
ematical models, Land use, Runoff, Water supply,
Sewage, Population growth, Estuaries, Sewage treat-
ment, Decision making, Water quality, Fluid infiltration,
Social effect, Environmental impacts, Economic
impact, Cost effectiveness, 'Storm water runoff, Water
demand, 'Model studies.
PB-280 751/9 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Utfilty Boiler Design/Cost Comparison: Fluldlzed-
Bed Combustion vs. Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon.
Final rept. Aug 75-Mar 77,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Power.
John T. Reese. Nov 77,327p* PRS-23, EPA/600/7-
77/126
The report gives results of a conceptual design, per-
formance, and cost comparison of utility scale (750-
925 MWe) coal-burning power plants employing three
alternative technologies: conventional boiler with a
stack gas scrubber (CWS), atmospheric-pressure
fluldlzed-bed combustion (AFB), and pressurized fluid-
ized-bed combustion/combined cycle (PFB). The AFB
and PFB designs/estimates used were completed by
the General Electric Co. as part of the Energy Conver-
sion Alternatives Study (ECAS), funded by NASA,
ERDA, and NSF. The CWS designs/estimates were
developed by GE for this study, using the same basis
as for the ECAS. TVA modified the GE results to: re-
flect TVA costing experience, consider alternate wet
scrubbing techniques for the CWS, and include com-
parable solid waste disposal costs for all three plants,
considering alternative disposal options. Results sug-
gest that AFB offers a possible savings of 9-14% in the
cost of electricity (COE) in comparison with CWS, and
PFB offers a savings of up to 7%. The estimated COE
for the three alternatives Is so close that all are consid-
ered to be within the competitive range for further con-
sideration. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidlzed bed pro-
cessors, 'Scrubbers, Flue gases, Boilers, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Process charting, Cost
analysis, Comparison, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Chimneys, Electric power plants, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Sulfur oxides, 'Coal fired power
plants.
PB-280 766/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
December 1983 411
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oil/Water Separation: State-of-the-Art. Final rept.
11Jul75-31Ju!77,
Rutgers-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Dept. of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering.
Fidelia A. Osamor, and Robert C. Ahlert. Apr 78,105p*
EPA/600/2-78/069
Grant EPA-R-803978
This report reviews the state-of-the-art for oil/water
separating devices and processes. Devices and proc-
ess are classified according to the primary mechanism
that induces separation of oil/water mixtures. The
basic concepts, specific design features, operational
conditions, and limitations of each category are dis-
cussed. Literature on teat evaluation of a variety of de-
vices Is critiqued on the basis of actual or potential
success in treating various oil/water system states. No
single technique can separate all oil/water system
states efficiently. Specific deficiencies in existing tech-
nology have been identified.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Petroleum indus-
try, Coalescing, Laboratory equipment, Technology,
Manufacturers, Solids, Solubility, Dispersions, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Oil pollution remov-
al, 'Oil water separators, State of the art, Procedures.
PB-280 766/8 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Major Barium Chemicals.
Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. B. Rezink, and H. D. Troy, Jr. Mar 78,154p* EPA/
600/2-78/004B
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-280 024.
This report summarizes data on air emissions from the
production of major barium chemicals. Compounds
studied include barium sulfide, barium carbonate,
barium chloride, barium hydroxide, and barium sulfate.
In order to evaluate potential environmental effects the
source severity, S, was calculated for each emission
species from each emission point. Severity is defined
as the ratio of the average maximum ground level con-
centration, Xmax' to the ambient air quality standard
(for criteria pollutants) or to a reduced TLV (for noncri-
terla pollutants). The highest values of S occurred for
sulfur oxide emissions from the H2S incinerator (1.89),
the black ash rotary kiln (1.51), and the barium hydrox-
ide process exhaust (1.6), and for emissions of soluble
barium compounds from product dryers and calciners
(0.79 to 200). Various control devices are used to
reduce emissions. Scrubbers and baghouses are used
on the black ash rotary kiln and on product dryers and
calciners. A scrubber and an electrostatic precipitator
are employed to control the exhaust from the barium
hydroxide process. Byproduct H2S may be absorbed
In caustic Instead of being incinerated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Barium inorganic
compounds, 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, As-
sessments, Barium sulfates, Barium hydroxides,
Barium halktes, Sources, Incinerators, Hydrogen sul-
fide, Scrubbers, Electrostatic preclpitators, Process
charting, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Trends, Design crite-
ria, Calciners, Dyers, Kilns, Technology, Barium chlor-
ides, Barium carbonates, Barium sulfldes, Baghouses.
PB-280 767/6 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Alternative Policies for Controlling Nonpolnt Agri-
cultural Source* of Water Pollution. Final rept. for
26 Jan 76-25 Apr 77,
Illinois Univ., at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana III.
W. D. Seltz, D. M. Gardner, S. K. Gove, K. L.
Guntermann, and J. R. Karr. Apr 78,331p* EPA/600/
6-78/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -3584
This study of policies for controlling water pollution
from nonpolnt agricultural sources includes a survey of
existing state and Federal programs, agencies, and
laws directed to the control of soil erosion. Six policies
representing a variety of approaches to this pollution
problem are analyzed. The aggregate economic
Impact of such policies is investigated using a state-of-
the-art, market-equilibrium, linear-programming model
of crop production in the com belt. The economic ef-
fects of the policies at the level of individual forms and
their impacts on long-term soil productivity are ana-
lyzed through the use of a watershed model. The insti-
tutional arrangements needed to implement the poli-
cies are examined, as are the associated costs for a
typical county. Literature on the social aspects of
policy acceptance is reviewed, and the results of a
survey of the reaction of farmers and ASCS directors
in Illinois to different policies are presented.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution abatement,
Government policies, State government, National gov-
ernment, Soil erosion, Economic impact,
Law(Jurisprudence), Cost analysis, Soil conservation,
Equity(Law), Constraints, Mathematical models, Farm
crops, Erosion control, Social effect, Attitude surveys,
Illinois, Nonpoint sources.
PB-280 759/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Washablllty and Analytical Evaluation of Poten-
tial Pollution from Trace Elements In Coal,
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Div. of Solid
Fuel Mining and Preparation.
J. A. CavalTaro, G. A. Gibbon, and A. W. Deurbrouck.
Mar 78,41 p EPA/600/7-78/038
The report gives results of a washability study showing
the trace element contents of various specific gravity
fractions for ten coal samples collected from four coal
producing regions of the U.S. Reliable analytical meth-
ods were developed to quantitatively determine cadmi-
um, chromium, copper, fluorine, mercury, manganese,
nickel, and lead in whole coals. Generally, the data
showed that most of the trace elements of interest
concentrated in the heavier specific gravity fractions of
the coal, indicating that they are associated with min-
eral matter. Removing this material should reduce
trace elements significantly.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Chemical analysis,
'Coal, Coal preparation, Washing,
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Chromium,
Copper, Fluorine, Mercury(Metal), Manganese, Nickel,
Lead(Metal), Density(Mass/volume), Samples, Gravi-
metric analysis, Air pollution, Air pollution abatement.
PB-280 779-T PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Spe-
cial Foreign Currency Science Information Program.
Air Conservation. Volume 11, Number 3(59), 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1978,75p TT-77-54005/3
Unedited trans, of Ochrona Powietrza (Poland) v11
n3(59) 1977, by Andrzei Skup. See also Volume 11,
Number 2, PB-280 022-T. The above journal is trans-
lated on a regular basis. Sponsored in part by National
Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Special For-
eign Currency Science Information Program.
Contents:
Abatement of the dust and exhaust gas emissions
from the nonferrous metal ore concentrate
dryers;
The aerosol concentration In the air of the areas of
various traffic intensity in the city of Lodz;
A comparative study on the gas burners for waste
gas thermal afterburning;
Metals In the dust of urban atmosphere on the
example of the city of Warsaw;
Toxicotogical estimation of the atmospheric air
quality.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Dust, Air pollution control, Nonmetalli-
ferous minerals. Aerosols,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Traffic surveys, Burners,
Afterburning, Urban areas, Toxicology, Translations,
Poland, Air quality.
PB-280 783/2 PC A02/MF A01
Quantum Yield* for Reaction of Pollutant* In
Dilute Aqueous Solution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Richard G. Zepp. 29 Aug 77, 5p EPA/600/ J-78/004
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, 12(3)
P327-329 1978.
Procedures are reported for determining quantum
yields for direct photolysis of pollutants at low concen-
trations in water. Quantum yields are used to compute
half-lives for direct photolysis of aquatic pollutants
under sunlight.
Keywords: 'Quantum efficiencies, 'Photochemistry,
'Water pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, Photolysis, Nu-
merical analysis, Pesticides, Reprints.
PB-280 784/0 PC A02/MF A01
Verification of a Particle Size Correction Method
for X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometrlc Analysis
of Environmental Samples. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Jack Wagman, John L. Miller, Robert J. Griffin, and
Robert B. Kellogg. 11 Oct 77, 5p EPA/600/J-78/005
Pub. in Analyticarchemistry, v50 p37-39, Jan 78.
Platinum tetraiodide aerosols generated with a spin-
ning disk from solutions in ethanol were used to test a
particle size correction factor recently proposed by
Criss for the X-ray fluorescence analysis of filter-de-
posited participate samples. A set of standards of well-
defined particle sizes in the range of 0.7 to 3.0 microm-
eters diameter was prepared by collection of these
aerosols on Nuclepore filters. Measured Pt-L alpha
and I-L alpha line sensitivities, plotted as a function of
particle size, were in quite good agreement with curves
predicted by the Criss equation. Problems and proce-
dures in applying the correction factor to environmen-
tal samples are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, *X ray fluores-
cence, Fluorescence, Air filters, Particle size, Iodine in-
organic compounds, Chemical analysis, X ray analysis,
Reprints, 'Air pollution detection, Platinum iodides.
PB-280 785/7 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Methylmercurlc Chloride, Cadmium
Chloride, and Lead Nitrate on Six Biochemical
Factors of the Brook Trout (Salvellnu* fontlnall*).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. Christensen, E. Hunt, and J. Fiandt. 27 May 77,9p
EPA/600/J-77/116
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 42,
P523-5301977.
Brook trout were exposed to experimental water con-
centrations of methylmercuric chloride at concentra-
tions from 0.01 to 2.93 micrograms of Hg/llter, to cad-
mium chloride from 0.06 to 6.35 micrograms of Cd/
liter, and to lead nitrate from 0.90 to 474 micrograms of
Pb/liter. Exposures were for 2- and 8-week periods.
Fish weight and length, hemoglobin, and blood plasma
sodium, chloride, glucose, glutamic oxalacetlc transa-
minase, and lactic dehydrogenase were measured.
The following observed changes were statistically sig-
nificant: Increases in plasma sodium and chloride and
decreases in hemoglobin and glutamic oxalacetic tran-
samlnase activity caused by lead; increases in plasma
chloride and lactic dehydrogenase activity and a de-
crease in plasma glucose caused by cadmium; and in-
creases in hemoglobin and plasma sodium and chlo-
ride caused by methylmercury. Comparisons were
made between these biochemical findings and pub-
lished data from bioassay and tissue-residue studies
regarding the determination of threshold indices of tox-
iclty.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Trout, 'Lead nitrates, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Aquatic animals, Concentration(Composltion),
Toxicity, Bioassay, Biochemistry, Hematology, Body
weight, Experimental data, Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Metals, Enzymes, Reprints, Salvellnus
fontinalis, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Cadmi-
um chlorides, 'Mercury/chloro-methyl.
PB-280 788/1 PC A02/MF A01
A Highway Model for the Advectlon, Diffusion and
Chemical Reaction of Pollutant* Released by
Automobile*: Part I. Advectlon and Diffusion of
SF6 Tracer Gas. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert E. Eskridge, and Kenneth L. Demerjian. 1977,
8pEPA/600/J-77-118
Pub. in In: Preprint Volume, Joint Conference on Appli-
cations on Air Pollution Meteorology, Salt Lake City.
Utah, p337-342 1977.
A two-dimensional, finite-difference model simulating *
highway has been developed which Is able to handle
linear and nonlinear chemical reactions. Transport of
the pollutants Is accomplished by use of an upstream-
flux-corrected algorithm developed at the Naval Re'
412 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
search Laboratories. This algorithm Insures positive
concentrations and reduces numerical diffusion. The
model develops background eddy diffusion coeffi-
cients which are then perturbed by the mechanical tur-
bulence introduced by vehicular motion. The model
calculations are compared to the SF6 experiments
carried out by General Motors in the GM sulfate disper-
sion experiment. Model predictions are compared to
observations at each of the twenty observation points
for all the experiments. The observations and predic-
tions are correlated for each half hour period, and
scatter diagrams presented. A discussion of the re-
sults and additional statistical comparisons is also In-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Auto-
mobiles, Exhaust gases, Atmospheric diffusion,
Chemical reactions, Highways,
Concentration(Composition), Advection, Numerical
analysis, Algorithms, Comparison, Sulfur hexafluorlde,
Reprints, Tracer studies, Nonpoint sources, 'Auto-
mobile exhaust.
PB-280 830/1 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 16.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1970,81p-in13v
Consists of PB-280 831 thru PB-280 843.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 831/9
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Hexachlorophene Effect* on the Rat Brain, Study
of High DOSM by Light and Electron Microscopy,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
nenate D. Kimbrough, and Thomas B. Gaines. 13 Aug
70,6p
pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v23 p114-
118, Aug 71.
Deluded in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
Hexachlorophene was fed to female adult Sherman
strain rats at 500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day) for 14 and 10
weeks In two consecutive studies. After two weeks on
'he diet containing hexachlorohene, the rats devel-
oped leg weakness which progressed to paralysis in
three to five weeks. After ten weeks on these diets in
We second study, hexachlorophene was discontinued;
Jh* rats regained almost complete recovery of leg
junction within six weeks. The brains of the rats that
nad Ingested hexachlorophene weighed significantly
roore than those of controls and returned to normal In
™x weeks. The lesions produced by hexachlorophene
'"'he rat brains represented cerebral edema limited to
we white matter, which resembles diffuse spongy deg-
jftneratlon of the white matter of the brain described In
fa/words: 'Toxicology, 'Bacterlcides, 'Pesticides,
'nflestlon(Blology), Diets, Welght(Mass), Experimental
"•». Pathology, Central nervous system, Toxlclty, Re-
Ppnts, * Hexachlorophene, Brain edema, "Toxic sub-
«ance».
pB-280 832/7
e , (Order as PB-260 830, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
C»»tlcldM in People: DDT and DDE Residues In
r"°od from Children, South Carolina-1970,
fWical Coll. of South Carolina, Charleston.
^Uan E. Kell, William Weston, III, C. Boyd Loadholt,
|«"iuel H. Sandlfer, and James J. Colcolough. 1972,
Contract EPA-68-03-0045, PH-21-2017
rub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v6 n1 p1-3, Jun 72.
gp'Wed in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
woup 16, PB-280 830.
cwil ""d DDE residue levels in blood plasma from 192
r"'dren In South Carolina, ages 6-9 years, Indicated
hui Ne9ro children had levels two to three times
IJyher tfian white children. DDT residues averaged
tor «Ppb ln Negroes and 6.7 ppb in whites; DDE values
Jrjhfse two races were 55,6 ppb and 24.8 ppb, re-
^cnvely. White males in this group also had signifi-
cantly higher levels of both compounds than white fe-
males. From the data In this study, baseline levels for a
high-risk pedlatric group, usually prone to pesticide
poisoning, were established.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecti-
cides, Risk, Sex, Males, Females, Children, Sampling,
Blood, Age, Tables(Data), Urban areas, Rural areas,
Gas chromatography, 'toxic substances, Reprints,
Race, DDE insecticide, 'Pesticide residues, Analytical
methods, White Americans, Black Americans.
PB-280 833/5
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Induction of Adenoflbrosls and Hepatomas of the
Liver In BALB/cJ Mice by Polychlorlnated Blphen-
yls( Aroclor 1254),
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
Renate D. Kimbrough, and Ralph E. Under. 18 Apr 74,
6p
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Inst., v53 n2 p547-
772, Aug 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group16, PB-280 830.
Two groups of 50 BALB/cj inbred male mice were fed
300 ppm of a polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor 1254,
in the diet for 11 and 6 months, respectively. The 6
months' feeding was followed by 5 months' recovery.
Two additional groups of 50 mice each were fed plain
chow. All 22 surviving mice fed Aroclor 1254 for 11
months had greatly enlarged livers representing 25%
of their body weight, whereas those fed the experi-
mental diet for 6 months only had slightly, but signifi-
cantly, enlarged livers. Adenoflbrosis was observed in
all 22 livers of mice fed Aroclor 1254 for 11 months but
not in the other groups. Of the 22 mice fed 300 ppm
Aroclor 1254 for 11 months, 9 had 10 hepatomas
measuring 0.1-1.5 cm in diameter. One of 24 surviving
mice fed Aroclor 1254 for only 6 months, followed by a
control diet for 5 months, had a hepatoma 0.3 cm In di-
ameter. No controls had hepatomas.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
lngest!on(Biology), Male, Diets, Liver, Physiological ef-
fects, Chlorine organic compounds, Blphenyl'chloro,
Reprints, Aroclor 1254, Hepatomas, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Adenofibrosls.
PB-280 834/3
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Braln-Acetylchollnesterase Inhibition In a Marine
Teleost during Lethal and Sublethal Exposure* to
1,2-Dlbromo-2,2-dlchloroethyl Dimethyl Phos-
phate (Naled) In Seawater,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
David L. Coppage, and Edward Matthews. 27 Mar 74,
6p GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-199
Pub. In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 31,
0128-1331975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Groupie, PB-280 830.
To determine If brain-acetylchollnesterase (AChE) in-
hibition in a marine teleost Lagodon rhomboides (pin-
fish) by an organophosphate pesticide (naled) is spe-
cific enough to diagnose antlchollnesterase poisoning,
braln-ACht inhibition by sublethal exposure in
seawater was compared to braln-AChE inhlgltlon
caused by lethal exposure. A sublethal exposure did
not Inhibit brain-AChE as much as lethal exposure In
periods of 24,48, and 72 hr. Consistent levels of inhibi-
tion (84-89% inhibition) occurred when 40-60% of an
exposed populaion of pinflsh was killed. This correla-
tion of brain-AChE inhibition with exposure and death
in a fish population shows that brain-AChE meas-
urements are of value in diagnosing antlchollnesterase
poisoning In a marine fish.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chollnesterase inhibitors, 'In-
secticides, 'Toxicology, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Exposure, Lethal dosage, Bromine organic
compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Fishes,
Toxic diseases, Bioassay, Physiological effects,
Marine fishes, Sublethal dosage, Brain, Lagodon
rhomboides, Reprints, 'Naled, 'Toxic substances, Te-
leostes, Pinflsh, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-280 835/0
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Marked DDE Impairment of Mallard Reproduction
In Controlled Studies,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Md. Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center.
Robert G. Heath, James W. Spann, and J. f. Kreitzer.
1969,5p
Pub. in Nature, v224 n5214 p47-48,4 Oct 69.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
DDE In concentrations of 10 and 40 p.p.m. in the feed
of penned mallards induced significant eggshell thin-
ning and cracking and a marked increase in embryo
mortality. DDD and DDT impaired reproduction, but
less severely than DDE, a widespread breakdown
product of DDT.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecti-
cides, Bioassay, Dosage,
ConcentrationfComposltion), Ingestion(Biology), Diets,
Reproduction(Biology), Mortality, Birds, Tabfes(Data),
Experimental data, Waterfowl, Reprints, DDE insecti-
cide, Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Metabolites, 'Toxic substances,
DDD Insecticide.
PB-280 838/8
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Urinary Excretion of Insecticide Metabolite*, Ex-
cretion of Para-nltrophenol and DDA a* Indicator*
of Exposure to Parathlon and DDT,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Homer R. Wolfe, William F. Durham, and John F.
Armstrong. 20 Feb 70,6p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v21 p411-
416, Dec 70.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groupie, PB-280 830.
The urinary excretion of p-nitrophenol and of dichloro-
dlphenylacetic acid (DDA) was measured in spraymen
applying formulations containing both parathion and
DDT. In each Instance, excretory level of metabolite
correlated well with exposure to the pesticide. Para-nl-
trophenol excretion levels showed changes of greater
magnitude In response to a specific exposure than did
DDA excreation. However, In general the excretory
patterns for p-nltrophenol and DDA were similar. Both
metabolites reached peak levels at about the same
time Interval (p-nitrophenol, 8.7 hours; DDA, 10.1
hours) after exposure began. Excretion of both p-nltro-
phenol and DDA tended to Increase with an Increase In
ambient temperature. Excretion curves for both meta-
bolites showed diurnal variation during the period after
exposure had ended. On the average for a specific ex-
posure, more parathlon-derived material than DDT-de-
rived material was recovered in the urine.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Nitrophenols,
•Industrial medicine, 'insecticides, DDT, Excretion,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Urine, Exposure,
Temperature, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, Metabo-
lites, 'Acetic acld/bis(chlorophenyl), 'Occupational
safety and health, Parathion.
PB-280 837/6
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Toxlclty of Metepa to Rats, With Notes on Two
Other Chemostsrllants,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines, and Renate D. Kimbrough. 1964,
9p
Pub. In Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 31 p737-745 1964. Sum-
many In French.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groupie, PB-280 830.
Although tepa, metepa, and apholate are only moder-
ately toxic to rats by the oral route, the dermal toxlcity
of the first two is relatively high as compared with that
of conventional insecticides. In the experiments re-
ported, metepa caused no damage to he intestinal epi-
thelium of rats, except following single doses In the
fatal range. The organ primarily affected by repeated
small doses of metepa Is the testls; the ovaries and
bone marrow are damaged only by higher dosage
levels. Metepa at an oral dosage of 5 mg/kg/day
(about 4% of the acute oral LD50 level daily) produced
severe reduction of fertility of male rats within 22 days,
sterility within 70 days, and testlcular atrophy within 77
days. Half that dosage produced a smaller reduction In
December 1983 413
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fertility and only partial testicular atrophy in some rats
within 197 days. Dosages of 1.25 mg/kg/day or less
produced no detectable effect on fertility and no histo-
ioglcal change in the testls In 197 days. The survival of
newborn rats was not affected by any dosage given to
their sires.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Bioassay,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Skin(Anatomy), Experimental
data, Dosage, Reproductive system, Testis, Ovary,
Bone marrow, Sterility, Histology, Males, Fertility,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Reprints, 'Chemos-
terilants, 'Toxic substances, *Tepa, 'Metepa, 'Apho-
late, Phosphine oxide/tris(aziridinyl), Phosphine
oxide/tris(methyl-aziridinyl).
PB-280 838/4
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Toxlclty of Fentln Hydroxide to Rats,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines, and Renate D. Kimbrough. 30 Nov
67,7p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 12,
p397-4031968.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
Fentin hydroxide (triphenyl tin hydroxide) was given in
the diet to rats at the rate of 400 ppm. This amount re-
duced the food consumption and, within 7-34 days,
caused death from starvation and hemorrhage In all
tested rats. Dietary levels of 100 and 200 ppm reduced
food consumption and weight gain, particularly during
the first week. By week 7, the animals had adapted to
these concentrations of the chemical, and the food
consumption was the same as that of the controls. The
food intake or weight gain was not affected In rats fed
50 ppm of fentin hydroxide for 276 days. After 64 days
of dietary exposure at 200 or 100 ppm, reduced fertility
was observed in male rats, but fertility improved later,
and was comparable to that of the control rats by day
113. The difference was explained by the partial stava-
tion which the'animals suffered, particularly during the
first week of the experiment. Gross and microscopic
examination of rats fed fentin hydroxide at the rate of
200, 100, or SO ppm for 276 days did not reveal
changes in any organ that could be related to the com-
pound.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Ingestion(Biology), Diets, Fer-
tility, Males, Females, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage, Bio-
assay, Pathology, Tables(Data), Tin organic com-
pounds, *Tin/hydroxy-triphenyl, Reprints, 'Chemisteri-
iants, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 839/2
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
The Sterilizing, Carcinogenic and Teratogenlc Ef-
fect* of Metepa In Rat«,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines, and Renate D. Kimbrough. 1966,
4p
Pub. in Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 34 p317-320 1966.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
The sterilizing effect of metepa in male rats was con-
firmed, and carcinogenic and teratogenic properties of
the compound were established. Whether the terato-
genic potential is the one to which the rat is the most
sensitive cannot be determined from this study, since
the route of administration of the compound varied.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Sterility, Rats, Mutations, Survival,
Reproduction(Biology), Dosage, Ingestion(Biology),
Diets, Bioassay, Lethal dosage, Tables(Data), Metabo-
lites, Reprints, Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, *Che-
misterilants, 'Toxic substances, * Metepa, Phosphlne
oxide/tris(methyl-aziridinyl), 'Teratogens.
PB-280 840/0
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Poisoning by Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Po-
tentiated by Phtnothlazlne Derivatives,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Gaines. 24 Sep 62,2p
Pub. in Science, v138 n3546 p1260-1261,14 Dec 62.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
Repeated administration of the phenothiazine deriva-
tive chlorpromazine and promazine increased the tox-
icity of a single dose of parathion in male rats. In
female rats, a single dose of 5 mg/kg of promazine in-
creased the toxicity of a single dose of parathion, but
had no apparent effect on the toxicity of a single dose
of Phosdrin. Repeated dosage with chlorpromazine
and atropine, or promazine and atropine, after admin-
istration of parathion at the same rate, resulted in a
slightly higher mortality in female rats than did atropine
or no treatment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Toxicity, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Dosage, Rats, Males, Fe-
males, Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage,
Mortality, Bioassay, Survival, Ingestion(Biology), Labo-
ratory animals, Experimental data, Sulfur organic
chemicals, 'Chlorpromazine, Reprints, 'Parathion,
'Toxic substances, Phosphorothioic acid/0-O-(di-
methyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester), 'Promazine,
Phenothiazine/((dimethyl-amino)propyl), Phenothia-
zine/chloro-((dimethyl-amino)propyl).
PB-280 841/8
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Simian Gastropathy with Submucosal Glands and
Cysts, Gastritis Glandularls or Cystlca Profunds,
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Thomas M. Scotti. 25 Jun 73,6p
Pub. in Archives of Pathology, v96 p403-408, Dec 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Group 16, PB-280 830.
An unusual gastropathy with submucosal glands and
cysts, usually associated with muncus-secreting cell
hyperplasia of the mucosa, was observed at autopsy in
11 (52%) of 21 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), but
in none of nine squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). In
most instances, the gastric lesion occurred spontane-
ously, in contrast to similar lesions in monkeys of the
genus Macaca reported by other investigators, which
usually were attributed to known exposure to irritants.
Evidence in this dtudy and in the literature suggests
that the gastric mucosa of the rhesus monkey is highly
reactive to nonspecific irritants. The simian gastro-
pathy sometimes resembles an infrequently observed
gastric lesion in man, reported as diffuse heterotopic
cystic malformation, and is analogous to the intestinal
entity, also occuring in man, known as colitis cystica
profunda.
Keywords: 'Stomach, 'Monkeys, 'Pesticides, 'Toxi-
cology, Rhesus monkeys, Diseases,
Glands(Anatomy), Pathology, DDT, Cysts, Occurence,
Pathology, Histology, Chlorine organic compounds,
'Toxic substances, Reprints, Gastropathy, Squirrel
monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, Parathion, Lmdane, Aroclor
1260, Biphenyl/hexachloro, Aroclor 1248.
PB-280 842/6
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
The Toxlclty of Amltrole In the Rat,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
Thomas B. Gaines, Renate D. Kimbrough, and Ralph
E.LJnder.230ct72,12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 26
p118-1291973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groupie, PB-280830.
A single oral dose of 4080 mg.kg and a single dermal
dose of 2500 mg/kg of aamitrote, the highest doses
given, were not lethal to adult rats. Dietary levels of 0,
100,500,100 and 25 ppm amitrole were fed to groups
of 10 male and 10 or 12 female rats. The dietary levels
of 1000 and 500 ppm were fed for 107-110 days, the
dietary levels of 100 and 25 ppm for 240-247 days to
the FO generation and for 141 days to the F1 b genera-
tion. At the dietary levels of 100 and 500 ppm the pups
that were born were smaller and had atroplc thymuses
and spleens indicative of runt disease. Most of them
had died within a week after weaning. Reproduction
was not affected at the lower dietary levels. Hyperpla-
sia of the thyroid was seen in all rats fed dietary levels
of 100 ppm or greater. In the 25 ppm group 4/10 FO
and 4/10 Fib females and 6/10 Fib males, but none
of the FO males developed hyperplasia of the thyroid.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Bio-
assay, Toxicity, Dosage, Rats, Diets,
Ingestion(Blology), Laboratory animals,
Reproductlon(Biology), Thymus gland, Spleen, Hyper-
plasia, Endocrine diseases, Tables(Data), Body
weight, Experimental data, Reprints, 'Triazole/amino,
'Toxic substances.
PB-280 843/4
(Order as PB-280 830, MF A01)
Hepatic Porphyrla Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
dlbenzo-P-DioxIn In the Mouse,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
J. A. Goldstein, P. Hickman, H. Bergman, and J. G.
Vos. Nov 73,10p
Pub. in Research Communications in Chemical Pathol-
ogy and Pharmacology, v6 n3 p919-928, Nov 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
Groupie, PB-280830.
Oral administration of 4 weekly doses of 25 micro-
grams/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin resulted
in induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
and hepatic porphyria in mice. There was a 2,000-fold
increase in the liver content of 8- and 7-carboxypor-
phyrins. A single lethal oral dose of 150 micrograms/
kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-dioxin also resulted in
a 4,000-fold increase in uroporphyrins in the liver.
Doses of tetrachlorofibenzo-p-dioxin which resulted in
porphyria also resulted in microscopic evidence of
marked liver damage and a moderate increase in the
total iron content of the liver. At this time, 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a contaminant of a variety
of environmenal chemicals, is the most potent por-
phyrogenic chemical known.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Porphyria, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Chlorine
organic compounds, Mice, Metabolic diseases, Liver,
Dosage, ingestlon(Biology), Bioassay, Lethal dosage,
Tables(Data), Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Physiological effects, Contaminants, Pathology, Re-
prints, 'Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, Synthetases/
aminolevulinate, Porphyrin/carboxy, 'toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 845/9 PC A07/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source Control Guidance, Agricultural
Activities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Robert E. Thronson. Feb 78,148p* EPA/440/3-78/
001
This report has been prepared to provide State and
areawide WQM agencies and other concerned groups
with assistance in the development and Implementa-
tion of programs to control nonpoint sources of pollu-
tion resulting from such activities. It has been deliber-
ately written in a form that is easy to follow so that the
reader does not have to be an expert in the field to un-
derstand what the problems are and some of the solu-
tions that are available. The contents cover: Existing
problem identification and assessment; Information
needs and analyses for selection of best management
practices; Selected best management practices;
Methodology for assessment of potential agricultural
nonpoint source pollution problems.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution, Farm crops,
Irrigation, Livestock, Soil properties, Climate, Pesti-
cides, Fertilizers, Runoff, Soil erosion, Waste disposal,
Salinity, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Grass-
land, Assessments, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB-280 879/8 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 16.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1963,86p-in9v
Consists of PB-280 880 thru PB-280 888.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 880/6
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
Rat* of Formation In vivo of the UnrMCtlvatabM
Form of Brain Cholln*at«raM In Chickens Qlv«n
ODVP or Malathlon,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Robert F. Witter, and Thomas B. Gaines. 25 Jun 63,7p
414 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. In Biochemical Pharmacology, v12 p1421-1427
1963.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280879.
The half-time lor the conversion of the reversibly inhib-
ited form of the dimethyl phosphorylated cholinester-
ase to the irreversibly inhibited form of this enzyme in
the brains of chickens given DDVP or malathion has
been found to be 2 hr. The same half-time is observed
in vitro in brain homogenates inhibited with DDVP or
malaoxon, the active form of malathion.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
'Malathion, In vitro analysis, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Brain,
Chickens, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Cholinesterase inhibitors, 'Toxic substances, Re-
prints, 'DDVP insecticide, Phosphoric acid/(dichloro-
vinyl-ester)-(dimethyl-ester), Phosphoric acid/(di-
methyl-ester).
PB-280 681/4
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
Safe Use of Pesticides as Related to Human
Health. Chapter III,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Homer R.Wolfe. 1968, 5p
Pub. in Washington Pesticides Application Handbook,
Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia,
P1 4-1 8, September 1968.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280879.
Both research and use experience with pesticides indi-
cate that the very real hazard of certain pesticidal com-
pounds requires appropriate precautions on the part of
those using them— but that approved pesticides can
be used safely provided recommended precautions
are followed. Thus, it is of primary importance to read
and follow the precautions on the label.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Humans, Safety, Signs and symptoms, Toxic dis-
eases, Therapy, First aid, Physiological effects, Pro-
tection, Protective clothing, Industrial hygiene, Recom-
mendations, Poisons, Reprints, Environmental health,
Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB-280 882/2
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
GM Chromatographlc Analysis of Pentachloro-
Pnenol in Human Urine by Formation of Alkyl
ethers,
environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrlne
Primate Lab.
Morris Cranmer, and Joseph Freal. 18 Sep 69, 9p
Pub. in Life Sciences, v9 p1 21 -1 28 1 970.
included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280879.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an herbicide, defoliant,
fnd antimicrobic chemical used throughout the United
gtates as a preservative agent for many products.
f entachlorophenol seems to be present everywhere,
Appearing In municipal water supplies, wells, paints,
"pod and paper products, and In urine of every person
I10* being examined. The ubiquity of human exposure
'0 this potentially dangerous compound has prompted
concern in the field of public health. This interest has
P*8n stimulated by several recent industrial and public
"TOXications which resulted in fatalities. This report de-
{"•noes a simple and rapid method for the determina-
"°n of PCP based upon its coversion to any one or
["ore of seven possible alkyl ethers. PCP ethers are
jwtected and quantltated by electron capture gas
J-nromatography and their Identity is confirmed by p-
vaiues. Data are presented for seven GLC columns
ar)d three p-value solvent systems.
: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Humans, Urine,
s. Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis,
health, Tables(Data),
goncentration(Composition), 'Phenol/pentachloro,
7ePrints, Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, Urlnalysls,
An«lytlcal methods.
883/0
... (Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
r*»rmlnatlon of Tract Quantities of Antlchollnes-
p*»* Pesticides,
jjjWronmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrine
M. Cranmer, and A. Peoples. 16 Apr 73,11p
Pub. in Analytical Biochemistry 55, p255-2651973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280879.
A procedure has been described which is applicable to
the screening of large numbers of samples for antlcho-
llnesterase activity. The method Is sufficiently sensitive
to detect Cholinesterase depression due to as little as
30 ppt paraoxon; 3 ppb malaoxon or 2 ppm of carbaryl
in either ethylene glycol or water. While the method
does not allow the absoute differentiation between
compounds which might be present, some classifica-
tion is possible, i.e., for compounds which must be acti-
vated before they possess antlcholinesterase activity.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Enzyme Inhibi-
tors, Cholinesterase inhibitors,
ConcentratlonfComposition), Carbamates,
Tables(Data), Blood chemical analysis, Assaying, De-
tection, Insecticides, Procedures, Reprints, Carbaryl,
Carbamic acid/methyl-(naphthyl-ester), Phosphoric
acid/(diethyl-ester)-(n!trophenyl-ester), Succinic acid/
(dletnyl-ester)-mercapto-(S-ester with o-o-dimethyl-
phoshorothlate).
PB-280 884/8
(Order as PB-280 879. MF A01)
Public Health Hazards Involved In the Use of Or-
ganic Phosphorus Insecticides In Cotton Culture
In the Delta Area of Mississippi,
Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga.
Griffith E. Quinby, and Kenneth C. Durham. 13 Jun 58,
8p
Pub. In Jnl. of Economic Entomology, v51 n6 p831-
838, Dec 58.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280 879.
During the summer of 1957, suspected cases of poi-
soning by cotton insecticides were investigated In the
Mississippi Delta area. Blood Cholinesterase levels of
cases and of workers with maximal exposure to organ-
ic phosphorus insecticides were determined. In addi-
tion, the decay rates of Insecticides and the exposure
of workers were measured. Ninety-one Illnesses sus-
pected of being poisoned due to insecticides were
evaluated. Evidence was found to definitely Incrimi-
nate organic phosphorus compounds as a cause of Ill-
ness In two workers In formulating plants. A diagnosis
of poisoning must be considered in three pilots. One
fatality and one other illness were attributed to the In-
gestlon of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In 7 of 11 crash-
es or disturbances of the pilot's performance about
which enough Information was available, three ap-
peared to represent pilot error, one was myocardlal In-
farction, and three-mentioned above-appeared to be
mild poisoning with consequent Interference with flying
ability.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Public health, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, 'Industrial medicine, Toxic diseases,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Mississippi, Cholin-
esterase, Exposure, Epidemiology, Tables(Data), In-
dustrial hygiene, Concentration(Composltlon), Haz-
ards, PllotsfPersonnel), Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
'Occupational safety and health.
PB-280 88S/S
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
Tests In Man,
Chester Beatty Research Inst., London (England).
Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. 1966,34p
Pub. In Modern Trends In Toxicology I, n.d. Prepared In
cooperation with Guy's Hospital, London (England).
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280 879.
The limited ability of animal tests to predict human re-
actions to chemicals is recognized generally. Tests In
man represent a logical step to full-scale use of a
chemical. The fact mat even hypersensltivlty Is basi-
cally dose-realted emphasizes the Importance of a
continuing surveillance of workers or other persons
whose exposure is Intensive and prolonged in order to
detect Idiosyncrasy as well as overt toxiclty at the earli-
est possible moment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Research, Foreign countries,
Laboratory animals, Humans, Tests,
LawfJurisprudence), Patients, Requirements, Experi-
mental design, Dosage, Volunteers, Protection, Moti-
vation, Personnel, Medical malpractice, Regulations,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Animal models, Volun-
teers, Protocols, Medical research.
PB-280 886/3
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
PCB Metabolism In Rats Following Prolonged Ex-
posure to Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016,
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
Virlyn W. Burse, Robert F. Moseman, G. Wayne
Sovovool, and Ellen C. Vlllanueva. 1976,7p
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v15 n1 p122-128 1976. Prepared in coop-
eration with National Environmental Research Center,
Research Triangle Park, N. C.f Pesticides and Toxic
Substances Effects Lab., and Coca Cola Export Corp.,
Atlanta, Ga.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280879.
Several mono- and dlhydroxy metabolites of ditrl, and
tetrachlorobiphenyl have been identified in the urine of
rats fed prolonged diets of Aroclor 1016 or Aroclor
1242. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrom-
etry was used for characterization of the metabolic
products.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
Ingestlon(Biology), Dosage, Urine, Exposure, Metabo-
lism, Rats, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Chlorine organic compounds, Blphenyl, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Tables(Data), Reprints,
Urlnalysls, Metabolites, 'Polychlortnated biphenyls,
Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1016, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 887/1
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
The Non-Toxlclty of Urine from Rats Poisoned
with 1080,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Galnes, W. T. Sumerford, and Wayland J.
Hayes, Jr. 1950,1p
Pub. in Pest Control, Jun 50.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280 879.
It may be concluded that: (1) The Kruger-Tschlrch
method or its modifications are not suitable for the de-
tection of 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) In rat urine, al-
though it Is useful for analysis of sodium fluoroacetate
in the absence of interfering substances. (2) The addi-
tion of rat urine does not interfere with the toxiclty to
rats of 1081. (3) Rats poisoned by 1080 do not excrete
the toxicant or any toxic metabolic proudct in the urine
to an extent demonstrable on rats as tasted. (4) If any
excretion of the toxicant or its end products does
occur in the urine, the amount Is very small, and the
significance of contamination of food or other materi-
als by the urine of 1080-polsoned rats is the same as
the significance of contamination by the urine of unpol-
sonedrats.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Excretion, Bioas-
says. Urine, Poisons, Toxic diseases. Rats, Laboratory
animals, Experimental data, Dosage,
Ingestlon(Blology), Survival,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Detection, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Reprints, Sodium fluoroacetate, Acetic acid/
fluoro-(Sodium-salt), Metabolites.
PB-280 888/9
(Order as PB-280 879, MF A01)
Liver Metabolism of Antlcholinesterase Com-
pounds In Live Rats: Relation to Toxiclty,
Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Thomas B. Galnes, Wayland J. Hayes, Jr., and Ralph
E. Under. 1966,4p
Pub. In Nature, v209n5018p88-89,1 Jan 66.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 15, PB-280 879.
To test the effect of a single pass through the liver,
'Isolan' was Injected directly into the hepatic portal
system (Intestinal vein) in one group of rats and Into
the general circulation (femoral vein) In another group.
Slmlar investigations were conducted with two organic
phosphorus compounds-dlchlorvos, a direct inhibitor
of Cholinesterase, and parathlon, an Indirect inhibitor. It
Is well known that prathlon is converted to the highly
toxic paraoxon In the liver, but it Is presumably In the
liver also that It Is eventually detoxified. Even though
other techniques will have to be used to explain fuDy
the pattern of toxiclty of 'Isolan' when given by differ-
December 1983 415
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ent routes, the technique presented in this report Is a
useful and relatively simple procedure for learning the
net effect of the liver on the metabolism of chemicals
In intact laboratory animals.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Uver, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Metabolism, Rats, Bio-
assay, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, TablesJData), Parenteral in-
fusions, Body weight, Mortality, Dosage, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Carbamates, Reprints, DDVP in-
secticide, Parathion, 'Toxic substances, 'Isolan, Car-
bamicacid/dimethyl-isopropyl-methyl-pyrazolyl.
PB-280 889/7 MF A01
Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 14.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1974,91p-in13v
Consists of PB-280 890 thru PB-280 902.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-280 800/5
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Ultrastructura ol Thyroid Gland In Rats Receiving
PCBs,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Dept. of
Occupational Health.
Dora Wassermann, and M. Wassermann. 1977,1p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
The paper reports structural changes in the thyroid
gland of rats receiving PCBs. White, local strain, male
rats, 4 and 6 weeks old, received 200 and 250 ppm
PCBs-1221 in their drinking water for 6 and 10 weeks,
respectively. The mean level of PCBs in the adipose
tissue of rats receiving 250 ppm PCBs-1221 for 2 1/2
months was 6.8 ppm.
Keywords: 'Thyroid gland, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Chlorine organic compounds, Rats, Histology, Pathol-
ogy, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Physio-
logical effects, CellsfBiology), Dosage,
Ingestion(Biology), Bloassay, Tissues(Biology), Resi-
dues, Adipose tissue, Reprints, Biological effects,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 891/3
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Absence of Conversion of o,p'-DOT to p,p'-DDT In
the Rat
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrlne, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Morris F. Cranmer. 1972,4p
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v7 n2/3 p121-1241972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
The purpose of the experiment was to test the report
observation that o,p'-DDT Is converted to p.p'-DDt by
measuring the (14)C activity of the p,p'-DDT found In
the animals fed (14)C-labeled o,p'-DDT. If this conver-
sion does take place, (14)C-p,p'-DDT would be recov-
ered. To study the storage and possible Isomeric con-
version of o,p'-DDT, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats
weighing 200-250 g each were fed 50 ppm o,p'-DDT In
their diet for 12 weeks. No sign of toxiclty developed in
any animal.
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Diets,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Labeled substances,
Tables(Data), Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Bioassay,
Tissues(Biology), Residues, Reprints, Metabolites, .
Pesticide residues, 'Toxic substances, Adipose tissue,
Bioaccumulation.
PB-280 892/1
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
i of Dieldrin and Photodleldrln In
Prenatal Effects
Mice and Rats,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Nell Chernoft, Robert J. Kavlock, John R. Kathrein,
John M. Dunn, and Joseph K. Haseman. 1 Aug 74,8p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v31 n2
p302-308,Feb75.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
Doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg/day of dieldrin and
0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg/day of photodieldrin were
administered to pregnant CD-1 mice and CD rats by
gastric intubation on days 7-16 of gestation. The high-
est dose of dieldrin induced significant increases in
liver/body weight ratios and reduced weight gain in
mice, and resulted in 41 % mortality in rats. The highest
dose of photodieldrin also induced significant in-
creases in mouse liver/body weight ratios, and result-
ed in 15% mortality in rats. Teratogenic effects were
not observed. The higher doses of dieldrin induced an
increase in supernumerary ribs and a concomitant de-
crease in ossification centers in fetal mice indicating
toxicity at these dose levels. Similar changes were not
found in the rat. Photodieldrin induced no apparent
fetal toxicity in either species.
Keywords: 'Dieldrin, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insec-
ticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Pregnancy,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Mice, Dosage, Body weight,
Lethal dosage, Mortality, Photochemistry, Laboratory
animals, Bioassay, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Teratogenesis, Fetuses.
PB-280 893/9
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
A Comparative Study of Two Polychlorinated Bl-
phenyl Mixtures (Aroclors 1242 and 1016) Con-
taining 42% Chlorine on Induction of Hepatic Por-
phyrla and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Joyce A. Goldstein, Patricia Hickman, Virlyn W. Burse,
and Hinda Bergman. 27 Nov 74,14p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 32,
p461-473 1975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016 are Polychlorinated bi-
phenyl (PCB) mixtures with similar chlorine content (42
vs 41%), but Aroclor 1242 contains 9% biphenyl ho-
mologs with five or more chlorines while Aroclor 1016
contains only 1%. The effects of Aroclor 1242 and
Aroclor 1016 on induction of hepatic porphyrla and
drug-metabolizing enzymes were compared in female
rats fed 100 ppm or 500 ppm of each. At 1 wk, Aroclor
1242 markedly Increased liver weight and all drug-me-
tabolizing pathways tested Including cytochrome P-
450, liver weight, N-demethylase, nitroreductase, ani-
line hydroxylase, and glucuronyl transferase, while
Aroclor 1016 had produced only very minimal effects.
At 6 mo, however, 500 ppm of either Aroclor markedly
increased drug-metabolism, while at the lower dose,
Aroclor 1016 was much less effective than Aroclor
1242. Both doses of Aroclor 1242 produced prophyrla,
but only the higher dose of Aroclor 1016 was prophyro-
genic. The porphyria occurred after a lag of 1 -6 mo and
was characterized by excretion and hepatic storage or
uroporphyrins. Aroclor tissue concentrations were sim-
ilar in rats fed equal doses of the two mixtures. There-
fore, the marked differences in the biological effects of
Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1242 cannot be explained by
differences in absorption, metabolism, or excretion.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Labo-
ratory animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Rats,
Ingestion(Biology), Metabolism, Liver, Porphyrla,
Metabolic diseases, Enzymes, Drug, Physiological ef-
fects, Experimental data, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Polychlo-
rinated biphenyls, Reprints, Aroclor 1016, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Aroclor 1242, Biological effects, Bioaccumu-
lation, Pesticide residues, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-280 894/7
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Dehydrogenation: A Previously Unreported Path-
way of Llndane Metabolism In Mammals,
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Effects Lab.
Robert W. Chadwick, Lucy T. Chuang, and Katherine
Williams. 25 Jun 75,12p
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 5, p575-
5861975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
The study presents evidence for the dehydrogenation
of llndane by a hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxi-
dase system. Preliminary investigation established that
the incubation of lindane with rat liver homogenates
produces a chlorinated, nonpolar compound identified
as hexachlorocyclohexene. Differential centrifugation
resulted in the sedimentation of most of the dehydro-
genase activity in the microsomal fraction. Optimum in
vitro assay conditions were established and it was
found that the dehydrogenase system required molec-
ular oxygen and reduced pyridine nucleotide coen-
zyme for maximum activity. Inhibition by SKF 525-A
and CO suggested that the enzyme was cytochrome
P-450 dependent. Lack of inhibition by cyanide indicat-
ed that the cytochrome b5 desaturase system was
probably not involved. Pretreatment of rats with DDT,
which stimulates lindane metabolism, also induced sig-
nificantly higher dehydrogenase activity. Both the in
vivo and in vitro metabolism of hexachlorocyclohex-
ene produced previously identified lindane metabo-
lites. The existence of a cytochrome P-450 dependent
mixed-function oxidase which catalyzes the dehydro-
genation of lindane has not previously been reported
and may be of importance in the metabolism of other
xenobiotics.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Insecticides,
Dehydrogenation, Mammals, In vitro analysis, In vivo
analysis, Metabolism, Chlorine organic compounds,
DDT, Assaying, Physiological effects, Enzymes, Liver,
Biochemistry, 'Toxic substances, Reprints, 'Lindane,
Metabolites, Cyclohexene/hexachloro.
PB-280 895/4
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Biochemical Effects of Repeated Administration
of p,p'-DDT on the Squirrel Monkey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
M. Cranmer, A. Peoples, and R. Chadwick. 5 Oct 70,
4p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 21, p98-
101 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
p,p'-DDT was administered po in peanut oil to 5 groups
of 6 squirrel monkeys at doses of 50, 5,0.5, 0.05, and
0 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were taken weekly from
each animal; several hematologic parameters were
determined, and plasma amylase, aldolase, glutamic-
pyruvic transaminase, and isocltric dehydrogenase
were measured. Two monkeys from each group were
killed after 2,4, and 6 mo and in vitro liver homogenate
enzyme activity was measured using p-nitrpanisole
and ethyl p-nitrophenyl phenylphospnonothioate as
substrates. No discernible effects on hematologic
values or plasma enzyme levels were observed. The
stimulation of the 2 liver homogenate mixed-function
oxldases was maximal after 2 mo treatment. There
were no significant differences in the levels of homog-
enate enzyme activity at the 3 sacrifice periods. The
monkeys given 50 mg/kg/day all died within 14 wk of
starting treatment; deaths did not occur at the other
doses.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecti-
cides, Ingestlon(Blology), Biochemistry, Monkeys,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Dosage,
Concentratlon(Composition), Lethal dosage, Bio-
assay, Liver, Hematology, Tables(Data), Physiological
effects, Enzymes, Blood plasma, Exposure, Reprints,
'Toxic substances.
PB-280 896/2
(Order as PB-280 8B9, MF A01)
Oxychlordane Residues In Human Adipose
Tissue,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Pri-
mate and Pesticides Effects Lab.
Francis J. Biros, and Henry F. Enos. 1973,4p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v10 n5 p257-260 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
The occurrence of storage of oxychlordane residues in
general population human adipose tissue may indicate
consistent previous exposure to chlordane insecticide
and/or oxychlordane from many possible sources.
With the inclusion of this pesticide metabolite in the
human tissue residue monitoring program, significant
trends and possible sources of exposure, as well as
potential health effects may be assessed more accu-
rately. Human toxicity, dose storage and response re-
416 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lationships, extent and distribution in humans, long
term low level exposure effects and other factors in-
cluding the determination of oxychlordane as a human
metabolite of chlordane remain to be determined.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides,
Chlorine organic compounds, Tissues(Biology),
Humans, Concentration(Composition), Residues, Re-
prints, Adipose tissue, Pesticide residues, Metabolites,
Bioaccumulation, 'Oxychlordane, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 897/0
(Order as PB-2BO 8S9, MF A01)
The Ultrastructure of Liver* of Rats Fed DDT and
Dieldrln,
Food and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
Renate D. Kimbrough, Thomas B. Gaines, and Ralph
E. Lider. 22 May 70,10p
Pub. In Arch Environ Health, v22 D460-467, Apr 71.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
Adult male rats were fed different dosage levels of
DDT, dieldrin, or combination of the two. After eight
weeks, hexobarbital sleeping time was determined in
some of these rats. Livers of the other rats were exam-
ined with the light microscope and electron micro-
scope. Hexobarbital sleeping time was significantly re-
duced in all treated rats compared to that of controls,
but no difference was found between the various treat-
ed groups. Liver weights of all treated groups were sig-
nificantly higher than those of the controls, and livers
of rats fed the combination of DDT and dieldrin
weighed significantly more than those rats given DDT
or dieldrin alone. Morphological changes, including an
increase in smooth endoplasmic retlculum and atypical
mitochondria, were observed in all treated groups and
were more pronounced in rats given both DDT and
dieldrin.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Dieldrin, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Insecticides, Bioassay, Histology, Liver, Rats,
ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Diets, Weight(Mass), Lab-
oratory animals. Experimental data, Sleep, Hypnotics
and sedatives, Pathology, Mitochrondia. Tables(Data),
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Hexobarbital, Endoplas-
mic reticulum.
PB-280 898/8
, (Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Toxicity of Paraquat to Rate and It* Effect on Rat
Lungs,
rood and Drug Administration, Chamblee, Ga.
n. D. Kimbrough, and T. B. Gaines. 10 Nov 69,12p
njb. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 17,
P879-6901970.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
Acute and subacute toxicity studies were conducted
with paraquat (1,1'-dlmethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium dimethyl-
punate) in adult Sherman rats. The single-dose oral
LD50 was 100 mg.kg in females. The 90-dose oral
J-D50 in female rats was 21 mg/kg, giving a chronicity
•actor of 5.2. The acute dermal LD50 was 80 mg/kg In
male rate and 90 mg/kg in females. Studies of lung
jrasue with the electron microscope after a single oral
*>*» indicate that the first discernible changes are pul-
["onary edema, swelling of the epithelium, an increase
OT collagen, and an effect on the rlbosomes of the
Jage, edema, extensive flbrosis, and changes in the
Wwlium. Local instillation of O.OS mg/kg of paraquat
local'""9 Bnd °'8 ms/kg lnt° Skeleta°mu8cle caused
ywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Tox-
animals, Experimental data,
y), Bioassay, Lethal dosage,
ssueslBlology), Physiological
rints, 'Paraquat herbicide, Bl-
Toxic substances.
s,
, P
PB-280 899/8
T, (Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
I/* 90-DoM LD60 and • Chronicity Factor ••
!?•••«•* of Toxlctty,
Rational Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
£;J- Hayes, Jr. 1967, 1p
in toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. v10(2)
, Mar 67.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
A 90-dose LD50 (or ED50) and a chronicity factor are
proposed to help communicate the results of test in-
volving repeated doses of compounds. To determine
the oral 90-dose LD50, groups of animals are fed ap-
propriate dietary levels of a compound for 90 days and
then held long enough for any sick survivors to die or
recover. Food! consumption is recorded and dosages
are expressed as milligrams of compound per kilogram
of body weight per day. Statistically, the 90-dose LD50
is determined in the same way as the 1-dose LD50
using logarithms of dosages and percent mortality ex-
pressed as probits. A ratio of the 1-dose LD50 and 90-
dose LD50 of a compound is a measure of its cumula-
tive effects and is termed the chronicity factor. The
largest one found so far is more than 500 times the
smallest found. These factors permit objective com-
parison of different classes of compounds but whether
the smaller distinctions within a class are significant,
remains to be learned. By plotting the logarithm of time
in days necessary to kill half of each group of animals
against the logarithms of the daily dosages necessary
to produce this effect, one may predict the 90-dose
LD50 of some compounds with acceptable accuracy,
but only a much smaller, limiting value for other com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Lethal dosage, 'Toxicology, Computation,
Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Bioassay, Toxicity, Chemi-
cal compounds, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB-280 900/2
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organophos-
phate Insecticide Poisoning,
Medical Coll. of South Carolina, Charleston.
S. H. Sandifer, Julian E. Keil, and Richard H. Gadsden.
1972,3p
Contract EPA-68-03-0045
Pub. In Jnl. of the South Carolina Medical Association,
V68 0419-421, NOV 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
A survey of South Carolina physicians indicted that
about 600 cases of pesticide poisoning occur each
year in the state. While the toxic agents were not iden-
tified, it is reasonable to assume that most of the poi-
sonings were due to organophosphates with parathion
being the most likely offender. With a ban of DDT immi-
nent, an increase in the number of poisonings due to
the organophosphates may be anticipated. Prompt di-
agnosis and treatment is essential to prevent death. If
treatment is successful complete recovery can be an-
ticipated.
Keywords: 'Toxic diseases, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Diagnosis, Therapy,
Signs and symptoms, Medical examination, Drugs, At-
ropine, South Carolina, Physicians, Reprints, Labora-
tory diagnosis.
PB-280 901/0
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Effect of Organic Phosphorus Compounds and Al-
kylatlng Agents on the Rat Fstus,
National Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.
Renate D. Kimbrough, and Thomas B. Gaines. 20 Jan
68,4p
Pub. in Arch Environ Health, v16 D805-808, Jun 68.
Included In the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
The effects of parathion, dichlorvos, diazlnon, mal-
athlon, apholate, and tepa on the rat fetus were stud-
ied when the material was given Intraperltoneally. At
levels producing toxic symptoms in the dams, parath-
ion, dichlorvos, diazlnon, apholate, and tepa were
found to affect the fetus either by causing malforma-
tions, resorptlons, or reducing the weight of the fetus
and placenta. Malathion at toxic dosage levels neither
affected the weight of the fetus nor produced malfor-
mations. At dosage levels which were tolerated by the
dams, parathion, diazlnon, and tepa caused a great
number of resorptkms. The Incidence of resorptlons
was not higher than that of the controls In rate that had
been given dichlorvos, malathlon, or apholate.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Malathlon, Die-
zinon, Phosphorus organic compounds, Rats, Physio-
logical effects, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Parenteral infusions, Lethal dosage, Mutations,
Dosage, Tables(Data), Toxicity, Bioassay, Reprints,
Fetuses, 'Toxic substances, 'teratogenesis, Parath-
ion, DDVP insecticide, Tepa, Apholate.
PB-280 902/8
(Order as PB-280 889, MF A01)
Measurement of Blood Chollnesterase Activity In
Laboratory Animal* Utilizing Dlmethylbutyl Ace-
tate as a Substrate,
Environmental Protection Agency, Perrine, Fla. Perrine
Primate Lab.
Morris F. Cranmer, and Anita J. Peoples. 10 Jul 73,4p
Pub. in Laboratory Animal Science, v23 n5 p881-884
1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology,
Group 14, PB-280 889.
Blood cholinesterase activity was measured in the
monkey, dog, rat, mouse, and rabbit. The use of the
substrate, dimethyl butyl acetate, resulted in expected
values for the monkey, dog, and rabbit, but the cholin-
esterase activity of the rat and mouse was quite ele-
vated. In vivo cholinesterase inhibition resulted in
lower values In all animals. Dimethyl butyl acetate was
indicated an acceptable substrate for measuring cho-
linesterase activity except In the mouse and rat, where
high levels of non-specific esterases complicated in-
terpretation.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Enzymes, Acetic acid, Activity, Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, Monkeys, Dogs, Rats, Mice, Rabbits,
Cholinesterase inhibitors, In vivo analysis, Substrates,
Blood chemical analysis, Carbaryl, Reprints, Acetic
acid/butyl-dimethyl, 'Toxic substances, Parathion.
PB-280 925/9 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Selected Irrigation Return Flow Quality Abstracts
1978. Sixth Annual Issue. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Stephen W. Smith, and Wynn
R. Walker. Mar78,320p EPA/600/2-78/042
Grant EPA-R-800426
See also PB-270 921.
Research related to the quality of irrigation return flow
Is being conducted at numerous Institutions through-
out the western United States. Approximately 100
sources of material have been searched for articles
pertinent to the National Irrigation Return Flow Re-
search and Development Program. These articles de-
scribe water quality problems resulting from irrigated
agriculture, potential technological solutions for con-
trolling return flows, recent research pertinent to return
flow Investigations, and literature associated with insti-
tutional constraints in irrigation return flow quality con-
trol. This annual Issue lists publications printed in
1976.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution control, 'Irri-
gated land, Abstracts, Fertilizers, Inorganic nitrates, In-
organic phosphates, Salinity, Water quality, Seepage,
Reviews, Ground water recharge, Aquifers, Hydrology,
Saline soils, Bibliographies, Evapotranspiration,
•Return flow.
PB-280 926/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source AsMSsmsnt- Plastics Processing, State-
of-ths-Art. Final task rept. Dec 74-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. W. Hughes, R. F. Boland, and G. M. Rinaldl. Mar 78,
106p* MRC-DA-705, EPA/600/2-78/004C
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-280 024.
This document reviews the state of the art of air emis-
sions from plants that manufacture marketable prod-
ucts via plastics processing. The composition, quanti-
ty, rate of emissions, and control technology are de-
scribed. The plastics processing Industry in the United
States produced 1.19 x 10 to the 7th metric tons of fin-
ished goods in 1976 using a variety of types of plastics
which are discussed In the document. To assess the
severity of emissions from this industry, a representa-
tive plant was defined for each of the 16 plastic types
based on the results of this study. Source severity was
December 1983 417
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
defined as the ratio of the maximum time-averaged
ground level concentration of a pollutant to the primary
ambient air quality standard for criteria pollutants. Hy-
drocarbon source severities ranged from 4.2 to 96 for
polyacetal and polyurethane manufacture, respective-
ly. Source severities for participates are also calculat-
ed. Plastics processing contributes 2.8% of the nation-
al hydrocarbon emissions and 0.12% of the national
paniculate emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Plastics, "Reviews,
Sources, Assessments, Technology, Particles, Hydro-
carbons, Industrial wastes, Polymerization, Manufac-
turing, Synthesis(Chemistry), Process charting, Design
criteria, Adsorption, Numerical analysis, Absorption,
Incinerators, Condensation, Scrubbers, Filtration,
Trends, 'Air quality, Emission factors, Mist eliminators.
PB-280 927/5 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Optimization and Testing of Highway Materials to
Mitigate Ice Adhesion. Interim rept. Oct 76-Apr 77,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
M. Krukar, and J. C. Cook. Mar 78,157p EPA/600/2-
78/035
Contract EPA-R-804660
Field tests at the WSU Pavement Test Facility aug-
ment BBRC laboratpry tests with comparative results.
Factors of concern included pavement type, tire type,
environment and toxicity, wear, ice/snow adhesion
and asphalt overlays which included the substances
as a component of the mix. Although the winter condi-
tions were mild, the limited amount of tests and data
did allow a ranking based on skid resistance change,
water beading, and snow/ice removal properties of the
different formulations. The most effective formulations
were combinations of modified traffic paints and room-
temperature-curing silicone rubber. Of the formula-
tions tested only one was deemed toxic. Other formu-
lations showed little or no toxicity. Although definitive
results were obtained in the study, unusually mild
winter conditions in eastern Washington in 1976-1977
restricted completion of the desired operational pa-
rameters.
Keywords: "Deicers, "Highways, *lce control, Field
tests, Pavements, Winter, Snow, Adhesion, Tires, Skid
resistance, Environmental impacts, Toxicity, Wear,
Flexible pavements, Elastomers, Paints, Economic
analysis, Highway transportation, Washington(State).
PB-280 930/9 PC A05/MF A01
Trimble County Generating Station, Louisville Gas
and Electric Co., Kentucky. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
Feb 78,84p EPA/904/9-78/001
See also Volume 1, PB-280 931.
Louisville Gas and Electric Company proposes to con-
struct a 2340 megawatt coal-fired steam electric gen-
erating station at wises Landing, Kentucky, Ohio River
mile 571. A 1000 acre site for structural and pond facil-
ities is needed as are two ajacent ravines (1300 acres)
for solid waste disposal. Associated transmission facil-
ities are also proposed. Major Federal actions for the
project are issuance of new source National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System Permit from EPA and a
section 10/404 Construction Permit from the Army
Corps of Engineers. Air Quality and scrubber technol-
ogy are the major issues. Aesthetic and secondary im-
pacts to the river valley are also significant issues.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
•Steam electric power generation, 'Kentucky, "Elec-
tric power plants, Land use, Waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion, Esthetics, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Coal, Val-
leys, Ohio River, Kentucky, Indiana, Trimble
County(Kentucky), Wises Landing(Kentucky), Clark
County(lndiana), Air quality, Solid waste disposal,
'Coal fired power plants, Louisville Gas and Electric
Company.
PB-280 931/7 PC A20/MF A01
Trimble County Generating Station, Louisville Qis
and Electric Co., Kentucky. Supporting Report
Volume I. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Feb 78,475p EPA/904/9-78/001-A
See also PB-280 930, and Volume 2, PB-280 932.
Contents: Identification of applicant; Project objec-
tives; Reserve capacity; Electrical demand forecast
methodology employed by the applicant; Historical
and projected need for power. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
"Steam electric power generation, "Kentucky, "Elec-
tric power plants, Land use, Waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion, Esthetics, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Coal, Val-
leys, Ohio River, Kentucky, Indiana, Trimble
County(Kentucky), Wises Landing(Kentucky), Clark
County(lndiana), Air quality, Solid waste disposal,
"Coal fired power plants, Louisville Gas and Electric
Company.
PB-280 932/5 PC A14/MF A01
Trimble County Generating Station, Louisville Gas
and Electric Co., Kentucky. Supporting Report.
Volume II. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
Feb 78, 313p EPA/904/9-78/001 -B
See also Volume 1, PB-280 931, and PB-280 933.
Contents:
Primary construction impacts;
Secondary construction impacts;
Primary operation impacts;
Secondary operation impacts;
Long-term versus short-term impacts;
Commitments of resources;
Unavoidable adverse impacts;
Benefit/cost anaysis.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
•Steam electric power geneation, "Kentucky, "Electric
power plants, Land use, Waste disposal, Air pollution,
Esthetics, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Coal, Valleys,
Ohio River, Kentucky, Indiana, Trimble
County(Kentucky), Wises Landing(Kentucky), Clark
County(lndiana), Air quality, Solid waste disposal,
"Coal fired power plants, Louisville Gas and Electric
Company.
PB-280 933/3 PC A07/MF A01
Trimble County Generating Station, Louisville Gas
and Electric Co., Kentucky. Technical Appendix.
Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
Feb 78,148p EPA/904/9-78/001-C
See also Volume 2, PB-280 932.
Contents:
Additional alternative sites;
Conditions applicable to intake structure
evaluation;
Data and assumptions for solid waste disposal
calculations;
Estimated ash and sludge formation;
Acoustical data acquisition and reduction
Instrumentation;
Monthly record of fishes collected from the Ohio
River and Corn and Barebone creeks, July-
October 1975, Trimble County generating plant
site;
Report on the seismicity of the Trimble County site;
Numerical dispersion model study of Trimble
County cooling tower plumes;
Dames & Moore salt and liquid drift deposition
model description;
Cooling tower blowdown dispersion study.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
"Steam electric power generation, "Kentucky, "Elec-
tric power plants, Land use, Waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion, Esthetics, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Coal, Val-
leys, Ohio River, Kentucky, Indiana, Trimble
County(Kentucky), Wises Landing(Kentucky), Clark
County(lndiana), Air quality, Solid waste disposal,
*Coal fired power plants, Louisville Gas and Electric
Company.
PB-280 944/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
PBI Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Chromium
Plating rinse Water. Final rept.,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Fla.
Howard J. Davis, Frank S. Model, and Joseph R. Leal.
Mar 78,38p EPA/600/2-78/040
Grant EPA-R-803620
Prepared in cooperation with Celanese Research Co.,
Summit, N.J.
A laboratory research study was carried out to select
and optimize polybenzimidazole (PBI) reverse osmosis
(RO) membranes for the treatment of chromium plat-
ing rinse water. The effects of important film casting
and annealing variables on RO properties were investi-
gated. Membranes were tested in high pressure flow
cells with dilute sodium chloride and chromic acid feed
solutions. PBI RO membranes were found to be resist-
ant to attack by chromic acid. After pretesting with
sodium chloride, the membranes showed a short-term
effective level of rejection with chromic acid. Upon re-
testing with sodium chloride, the same membranes
again exhibited high salt rejections, thereby demon-
strating they had not been chemically attacked by
chromic acid. A significant improvement in long-term
rejection of chromic acid was obtained when the mem-
branes were pretreated with sodium tungstate solu-
tion. The addition of sodium tungstate to the feed solu-
tion further improved chromic acid rejection. Highest
jevels of chromic acid rejection were obtained by ad-
justing the pH of the feed. However, neither pH adjust-
ment nor addition of tungstate to the feed are accept-
able in practice because of possible contamination of
the plating bath by the extraneous ions. The project
failed to develop an acceptable PBI RO membrane for
treating chromium plating rinse water.
Keywords: "Electroplating, "Water pollution control,
"Chromium, 'Metal finishing, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Benzimidazoles, Physical properties,
Tests, "Reverse osmosis membranes, "Polybenzimi-
dazoles, Closed cycle systems.
PB-280 953/1 PC A21 /MF A01
Annotated Bibliography on Biological Effects of
Metals In Aquatic Environments (3rd). (No. 1293-
2246). Ecological research series,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R. I.
Ronald Eisler, Janiel J. O'Neill, Jr., and Glen W.
Thompson. Jan 78,496p* EPA/600/3-78/005
See also PB-248 211.
Titles of 954 technical articles are listed on the subject
of lexicological, physiological and metabolic effects of
stable and radio-labelled chemical species of metal
cations to marine, estuarine and freshwater flora and
fauna. Each reference was annotated and subse-
quently indexed by metal, by taxa, and by author, in cu-
mulative indices which encompass this volume and the
initial volumes in this series.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Metals, "Aquatic biology,
Marine biology, Fresh water biology, Aquatic plants,
Aquatic animals, Fishes, Toxicology, Metabolism,
Ecology, Cations, Ions, Abstracts,
Indexes(Documentatlon), Radioactive isotopes, La-
beled substances, Salinity, Biological effects, Heavy
metals, Toxic substances, "Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), "Water pollution effects(Plants),
'Aquatic ecosystemms.
PB-280 957/2 PC A04/MF A01
Area Source Radiological Emission Analysis Code
(AREAC),
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Div.
David Michlewicz. Oct 76,63p* ORP/EAD-76/6
A computer code designed to calculate potential radio-
logical impact of atmospheric releases of radionu-
clides from area sources is presented and discussed.
The code Is written in Fortran IV, requires 48 K stor-
age, and runs about 12 seconds on an IBM 370
system. The code can calculate radionuclide concen-
trations and individual inhalation doses at up to six
specific receptor locations and at up to 192 general lo-
cations around an area source. Population doses can
also be calculated. The code accounts for area source
shape, cloud diffusion, ground and inversion-lid reflec-
tions, and radionuclide decay by time of flight. It Is
dose model independent and requires a dose conver-
sion factor as part of input data to calculate doses pro-
portional to radionuclide concentrations.
418 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, 'Radiation
dosage, 'Radiation effects, 'Computer programs,
Respiration, Concentration(Compositlon), Fortran, Ra-
dioactive decay, Mathematical models, Effluents, At-
mospheric diffusion, AREAC computer program, For-
tran 4 programming language, I8M-370 computers.
P8-260 959/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Textile Plant Wastewater
Toxics Study-Phase I. Final rept. Jan-Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
Gary D. Rawlings. Mar 78,169p MRC-DA-774, EPA/
600/2-78/004H
Contract EPA-68-1874
See also PB-279 171.
The report gives results of the first phase of a study to
provide chemical and lexicological baseline data on
wastewater samples collected from textile plants in the
U.S. Raw waste and secondary effluent wastewater
samples were analyzed for 129 consent decree priority
pollutants, effluent guidelines criteria pollutants, and
nutrients. Level 1 chemical analyses were also per-
formed. Secondary effluent samples from the 23
plants selected for study in the EPA/ATMI BATEA
Study (American Textile Manufacturers Institute/best
available technology economically achievable) (EPA
Grant 804329} were submitted for the following bioas-
says: mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, clonal assay, fresh-
water ecology series (fathead minnows, Daphnia, and
algae), marine ecology series (sheepshead minnows,
grass shrimp, and algae), 14-day rat acute toxicity, and
soil microcosm. The oioassay results indicated that 10
of the 23 textile plants have secondary effluents suffi-
ciently toxic to proceed to a second phase of the
study, in the second phase, samples will be collected
from these 10 plants to determine the level of toxicity
removal attained by selected tertiary treatment tech-
nologies.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Toxicology, 'Water pol-
lution, Sources, Assessments, Bioassays, Water anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Fresh waters,
Ocean environments, Microbiology, Laboratory ani-
Jjals, Mutagens, Soil analysis, Organic compounds,
Baseline measurements.
£B-2«0 961/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
!!"5SfWHty Study on Executive Program Develop-
JWM for Basin Ecosystem* Modeling. Final rept.,
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Pittsburgh. Dept. of
Computer Science.
nubert Bouver. Mar 78, 78p EPA/600/3-78/034
QfantEPA-R-04637
JJjJ project was undertaken in order to provide a feasl-
°jj«y study in developing and implementing a complete
wtecutrve program to interface automatically various
?J*r»-wide water quality models for use by relatively in-
•JPsrienced modelers. This executive program should
urornately have the capability to integrate point source
•nd nonpoint source models to simulate and analyze
{•*• consequences of implementing land use alterna-
™*H and pollution control strategies. Interactive com-
Jj™jr graphics display and software design to auto-
"JJJteally Interface the basin ecosystem submodels
Twe studied to reflect accurately the present state-of-
j"*-«rt. A literature review was made to assess the
•J««-of-the-art of urban water quality mathematical
j"opellng relative to their modularization for the execu-
y* Program. Particular attention was addressed to in-
fve computer graphic display as the medium In
this executive program would be primarily uti-
K«y*ord8: 'Water pollution, 'Data processing, Math-
l models, Computerized simulation, Reviews,
r graphics, Feasibility, Sources, Land use,
t sources, GEP system, Interactive graphics,
SJ'ifWe Environmental Health, Inc., Park Ridge,
^^.igSpllEQ^/SO
gulation R75-8 currently before the III!-
trol Board would relax the allowable
limits on sulfur dioxide emissions from certain fuel oil
burning units. The present regulation would remain un-
changed in Cook County. As a consequence of enact-
ing the proposed regulation, ambient sulfur dioxide
levels in Illinois would Increase.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Economic impacts,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Illinois, 'Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), Benefit cost analysis,
Fuel oil, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Forecast-
ing, State government. Air pollution etfects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials), Illinois regulation R75-8.
PB-280 975/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of General Enforcement.
Regulations and Resource File of Continuous
Monitoring Information. Interim rept.,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, ti.C.
William J. Pate. Feb 78,193p* EPA/340/1-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4148
The Environmental Protection Agency has promulgat-
ed revisions to 40 CFR Part 60, New Source Perform-
ance Standards, and 40 CFR Part 61, National Emis-
sion Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants that re-
quire specified categories of stationary sources to con-
tinuously monitor emissions. The EPA has also re-
quired States to revise their SIP's to include continu-
ous emission monitoring regulations. This report is a
compilation of the following continuous emission moni-
toring information: EPA organizations and personnel
involved with continuous emission monitoring; continu-
ous emission monitoring regulations; vendors of con-
tinuous monitoring equipment; and a bibliography of
continuous monitoring literature. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Continuous
sampling, Monitors, Personnel, Bibliographies, Docu-
mentation, 'New source performance standards, 'Sta-
tionary sources, 'Air pollution monitoring.
PB-280 982/0 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Pilot Investigation of Secondary Sludge Dewater-
Ing Alternatives. Final rept. 1 Nov 75-31 Oct 76,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement, Inc., Kalamazoo, Mich. Central-
Lake States Regional Center.
Reid A. Miner, Duane W. Marshall, and Isaiah Gellman.
Feb 78,127p EPA/600/2-78/014
Contract EPA-R-804019-01-0
A pilot investigation of biological sludge thickening and
dewatering alternatives, including pressure filtration,
precoat vacuum filtration, filter belt pressing, capillary
suction, dewatering, gravity filtration, centrifugatioit,
and ultrafiltration has been conducted on waste acti-
vated sludge resulting from the treatment of
wastewater from an Integrated bleached kraft-fine
paper mill. Based upon a criterion of attainable cake
consistency, three levels of performance are Indicat-
ed: (1) pressure filtration and precoat vacuum filtration
generating the driest cakes, (2) filter belt pressing
yielding intermediate cake consistencies, and (3) grav-
ity filtration, centrifugation, and ultrafiltration resulting
in relatively low cake consistencies. Performance was
found to be severely affected by changes in feed
sludge consistency, the amount of sludge condition-
ing, and the sludge's specific resistance to filtration.
The type and amount of sludge conditioning required
was extremely variable, depending upon the dewater-
ing technique employed, the level of performance ex-
pected of it, and the consistency and nature of the
sludge dewatered.
Keywords: 'Dewatering, 'Paper Industry, 'Sludge, Ac-
tivated sludge process, Pilot plants, Water pollution
control, Filtration, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Centrifugal filtration, Technology, Substitutes,
Vacuum filtration, 'Industrial waste treatment, Ultrafil-
tration.
PB-260 983/8 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Special
Studies Branch.
Effects of Diversion and Alum Application on Two
Eutrophte Lakes. Final rept. Nov 71-Jun 77,
Kent State UnV, Onto.
G. Dennis Cooke, Robert T. Heath, Robert H.
Kennedy, and Murray R. McComas. Mar 78,117p
EPA/600/3-78/033
Contract EPA-R-801936
Two questions were asked: (1) Will septic tank diver-
sion reduce symptoms of eutrophication in the Twin
Lakes, two similar dimictic lakes, and (2) Will a maxi-
mum hypolimnetic dose (residual dissolved aluminum
< 0.05 mg/l) of aluminum sulfate (alum) reduce sedi-
ment phosphorus (P) release and further improve
them. After diversion, P in lakes and streams declined
and plankton biomass declined, but during 5 years of
monitoring after diversion, P and biomass remained
those of moderately eutrophic lakes, and P income re-
mained above 'permissible'. Non-point sources were
important. In laboratory and field tests, maximum dose,
which is related to alkalinity and determined by 'jar
tests', was effective in retarding P release from sedi-
ments.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Water pollution control, 'Twin
Lakes, Preclpitatlon(Chemlstry), Aluminum sulfate,
Phosphorus, ConcentratlonjComposition), Aquatic
plants, Monitoring, Oxygen, Coliform bacteria, Plank-
ton, Chlorophylls, Dissolved gases, Septic tanks, Di-
verting, Limnology, Ohio, Alums, 'Eutrophication, Tro-
phic level, Organic loading.
PC A03/MF A01
with Chemlcally-Treat-
PB-280 984/6
Collection of Sulfur Q
ed Filters,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
George R. Namle, Robert F. Reardon, Norbert
Schmidt, and Lester L. Spiller. Apr 78,30p EPA/600/
3-78/041
Chemically treated membrane filters were evaluated to
collect hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. Four
chemical treatments were tested. Silver nitrate and
silver nltrate-tartaric acid filters were used to collect
hydrogen sulfide, and lithium hydroxide and potassium
bicarbonate were used to collect sulfur dioxide. Sam-
pling was performed using a tandem filter holder so
that the test gas would pass through each filter in se-
quence. A pre-fliter was used to remove the aerosol
component. For collecting hydrogen sulfide, the silver
nitrate filters had an efficiency of 84% when used with
a flow rate of 1.0 liter/minute; for collecting sulfur diox-
ide, the lithium hydroxide filters had an efficiency of
85% at 1.0 liter/minute. It was found that the silver ni-
trate filters began to absorb sulfur dioxide after several
days; thus, the test gas should pass through the lithium
hydroxide treated filter prior to the silver nitrate treated
fitter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Hydro-
gen sulfide, 'Sulfur dioxide, Membranes, Aerosols,
Silver nitrate, Tartarlc acid, Lithium hydroxide, Potas-
sium carbonates, Performance evaluation.
PB-281 006/7 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Handling and Disposal of Sludgea from Combined
Sewer Overflow treatment. Phase III - Testability
Studies. Final rept. Jul 75-May 77,
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Environmental Sciences
Div.
R. Osantowski, A. Geinopolos, R. E. Wullschleger, and
M. J. Clark. Dec 77,274p EPA/600/2-77/053C
Contract EPA-68-03-0242
Seeal'SOPB-270212.
This report documents the results of a protect initiated
to evaluate the handling and disposal of combined
sewer overflow (CSO) treatment residuals. Bench
scale thickening and pilot and full-scale centrifugation
dewatering tests were performed at dry-weather and
CSO treatment sites in Kenosha, Racine and Milwau-
kee, Wl. In addition, bench scale anaerobic digestion
studies were conducted to determine the effect of
CSO sludges on the anaerobic digestion stabilization
process. The results indicated that the dewatering of
CSO sludges appears feasible when the sludges are
first degritted, where required, and thickened prior to
centrltugation. Preliminary economic estimates indi-
cate that first investment capital costs for thickening-
centriflguatlon of CSO sludges ranged from 0.31 to
2.92 million dollars with annual costs of $49,500 to
December 1983 419
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
$659,300 per year when handling 4.0 to 36.5 tons dry
sludge per day, respectively.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Sludge disposal,
'Sewage treatment, 'Overflows, Sludge drying, Resi-
dues, Anaerobic processes,
Digestion(Oecomposition), Dewatering, Centrifugal fil-
tration, Settling, Thickening, Metals, Weather, Cost
analysis, Tests, Wisconsin.
PB-281 007/5 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Numerical Scheme* for Solving •
Conservation of Specie* Equation with Chemical
Term*. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert E. Eskridge, and Kenneth L. Demerjian. 27 Apr
77,8p EPA/600/J-77/119
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v11 n11 p1029-
1035Nov77.
Numerical methods are investigated for solving a
system of continuity equations that contain linear and
nonlinear chemistry as source and sink terms. It is
shown that implicit, finite-difference approximations,
when applied to the chemical kinetic terms, yield accu-
rate results when the equations are linear, but give
poor results when the equations are nonlinear. In fact,
when the equations are nonlinear, the implicit finite-dif-
ference scheme will be unstable if delta t is large. It is
shown that for urban and larger scale air quality simu-
lation models, the advection and chemical terms are
more accurate than implicit treatments of the chemis-
try.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Reaction kinetics,
Air pollution, Partial differential equations, Numerical
analysis, Nonlinear differential equations, Reprints,
•Air quality.
PB-281 008/3 Not available NTIS
Association of Oxidant Episode* with Warm Stag-
nating Anticyclones. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A. P. Altshuller. cFeb 78,5p EPA/600/J-78/007
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v28
n2p152-155Feb78.
A ten-year data base of oxidant concentration meas-
urements has been combined with Korshover's criteria
for stagnating anticyclones to estimate the frequency
of association of elevated oxidant concentrations with
such anticyclones. The highest frequency of coinci-
dence occurs in the months of August and September
in Cincinnati, Philadelphia, St. Louis and Washington,
D.C. Relaxing Korshover's criteria increases the fre-
quency of coincidence modestly. Limitations in the ap-
proach used are discussed and modifications suggest-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Ozone, 'Anticy-
clones, Atmospheric disturbances, Reprints, Kor-
shover criteria, Saint Louis(Missouri), Cincmnati(Ohio),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), District of Columbia.
PB-281 009/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.,-Duluth, Minn.
Size Dependent Model of Hazardous Subttance*
In Q Aquatic Food Chain,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, N.Y.
Robert V. Thomann. Apr 78,51 p EPA/600/3-78/036
Contract EPA-R-803680
A model of toxic substance accumulation is construct-
ed that introduces organism size as an additional inde-
pendent variable. The model represents an ecological
continuum through size dependency; classical com-
partment analyses are therefore a special case of the
continuous model. Size dependence is viewed as a
very approximate ordering of trophic position. The
analysis of some PCS data in Lake Ontario is used as
an illustration of the theory. A completely mixed water
volume is used. Organism size is considered from 100
micrometers to 1,000,000 micrometers. PCB data
were available for 64 micrometers net hauls, alewife,
smelt, sculpin and coho salmon. The analysis indicat-
ed that about 30% of the observed 6.5 mterograr.w
PCB/gm fish as the coho salmon size range is due to
transfer from lower levels in the food chain and about
70% from direct water intake. The model shows rapid
accumulation of PCB with organism size due principal-
ly to decreased excretion rates and decreased bio-
mass at higher trophic levels.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Lakes, Mathematical models, Food chains, Marine
microorganisms, Fishes, Size determination, Bioassay,
Absorption, Biomass, Excretion, Biphenyl, Hydrocar-
bons, Concentration(Composition), Accumulation,
Lake Ontario, Biphenyl/chloro, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB-281 010/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Alligator Lake, Columbia County, Florida. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,44p WORKING PAPER-243
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Oept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Alligator Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Columbia County(Florida).
PB-281 012/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Tropic Reservoir, Qarfleld County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,38p WORKING PAPER-860
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Oiv.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tropic reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Garfield County(Utah).
PB-281 013/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Investigations of Heat Treatment for Paper Mill
Sludge Conditioning. Final rept. 15 Jun 74-28 May
76,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement, Inc., Kalamazoo, Mich. Central-
Lake States Regional Center.
Duane W. Marshall, Frank C. Fiery, and Russell 0.
Blosser. Feb 78,85p EPA/600/2-78/015
Grant EPA-R-803347-01
The capability of oxidative and nonoxidative heat treat-
ment processes for the conditioning of hydrous
sludges originating in pulp and paper industry manu-
facturing or wastewater treatment operations was de-
fined on the basis of laboratory scale investigation.
Sludges employed in the study included (a) alum water
treatment sludge, (b) groundwood fines, (c) alum-co-
agulated biological solids and (d) waste activated
sludge. The benefit of acid assisted oxidative condi-
tioning of the latter was also assessed. Results were
related in terms of improved filtration properties, the
extent and significance of solids solubillzation and the
resulting impact on filtrate quality.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Sludge disposal, 'Heat
treatment, 'Solid waste disposal, Dewatering, Alums,
Activated sludge process, Acidity, Oxidation, Cost
analysis, Equipment, Performance evaluation, Fore-
casting.
PB-281 014/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Oxygen Isotopes In Atmospheric Sulfates, Sulfur
Dioxide, and Water Vapors Field Measurements,
July 1975. Final rept. May 76-May 77,
Argonne National Lab., III.
B. Holt, M. Bouchard, P. Cunningham, A. Engelkemeir,
and E. Nielsen. Apr 78, 34p EPA/600/3-78/045
Oxygen isotope ratios were determined for atmospher-
ic samples of sulfate aerosols, sulfur dioxide, and
water vapor collected simultaneously during a six-day
period in July, 1975, at St. Louis, MO; Auburn, IL; and
Glasgow, IL. The collection sites were located about
100km apart. Concerted variations in isotopic and con-
centration results were found for the three sites, dem-
onstrating an apparent regional impact on the quality
and quantity of paniculate sulfate in the atmosphere.
At all three sites, the oxygen-18 enrichments in sus-
pended sulfates clearly varied inversely with sulfate
concentration. This variation suggests that sulfates in
cleaner air may have a different origin than sulfates in
more polluted air masses. Samples collected during a
period of local thunderstorm activity showed an abrupt
increase in the oxygen-18 composition of paniculate
sulfate, but little effect on the isotopic composition of
ambient water vapor. The lack of positive correlation
between oxygen-18 variations in aerosol sulfate and
oxygen-18 variations in water vapor suggests that the
aerosol sulfate was not formed predominantly from the
ambient water in the air masses from which it was
sampled.
Keywords: 'Oxygen isotopes, 'Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Sulfates, Sulfur dioxide, Water vapor, Parti-
cles, Aerosols, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport prop-
erties, Missouri, Field tests, Sites, Sampling, Graphs,
Illinois, 'Air pollution detection, 'Oxygen 18, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Air pollution sampling, Auburn(lllinois),
Glasgow(lllinois).
PB-281 017/4 Not available NTIS
Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethanes. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
John W. Spence, and Philip L. Hanst. C1978, 5p EPA/
600/J-78/008
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, n28
n3 p250-253, Mar 78.
The oxidation products of seven chlorinated ethanes
were identified using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
and long path infrared techniques. Photo-oxidation of
each chlorinated ethane was initiated by chlorine
atoms in one atmosphere of dry air. The chlorinated re-
action products included phosgene, formyl chloride,
hydrogen chloride, acetyl chloride, and chlorinated
acetyl chlorides. Five rules concerning the initiation re-
action and the stability of the intermediate products
were set forth and were used to explain the photooxi-
dation steps of each chlorinated ethane. Methyl chlo-
roform was the least reactive of the chlorinated eth-
Keywords: 'Oxidation, 'Chloroethanes, Chlorine ali-
phatic compounds, Infrared spectroscopy, Stability,
Phosgene, Hydrogen chloride, Acetyl chloride, Chemi-
cal reactions, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Fourier
transform spectroscopy, Atmospheric chemistry, Long
path infrared spectroscopy, Formyl chloride, Chloro-
form/methyl, Reprints.
PB-281 018/2 Not available NTIS
Metal Toxlclty to Embryos and Larvae of Seven
Freshwater Fish Species. I. Cadmium. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. G. Eaton, J. M. McKim, and G. W. Holcombe. C1978,
10p EPA/600/J-78/006
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v19 n1 p95-103 1978.
The embryos and larvae of seven freshwater fish were
exposed to low concentrations of cadmium In soft
water. All species were killed or their growth retarded
by concentrations ranging from about 4 to 12 micro-
grams Cd/liter. The larvae were consistently more
sensitive than the embryos. The agreement between
these results and those from life-cycle chronic toxicity
studies indicates that embryo and larval exposures will
give reliable estimates of the chronic toxicity of cadmi-
um to additional fish species. A 60-day exposure
420 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
period appears to be appropriate for determining larval
sensitivity to cadmium.
Keywords: 'Metals, "Toxicology, 'Cadmium, 'Fishes,
Fresh water fishes, Larvae, Embryos,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Tables(Data),
Physiological, Bass, Salmon, Bioassay, Dosage,
Lethal dosage, Mortality, Growth regulators, Inhibitors,
Estimates, Sensitivity, Toxicity, Trout, Heavy metals,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB-281 023/2 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Survey of Environmental Regulations Applying to
Geothermal Exploration, Development, and Use.
Final rept.,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Gene V. Beeland. Feb 78, 257p* EPA/600/7-78/014
Contract EPA-68-03-2371 .
Federal, State, and local environmental laws and regu-
lations that apply to geothermal energy development
are summarized. Most attention is given to those regu-
lations which deal with air pollution, water pollution,
solid wastes and impact assessments. Analyses are
made of the regulations with respect to resource defi-
nition, pollutants currently not controlled, duplicity and
overlap in permit and impact assessment require-
ments, the lack of uniformity of regulations between
states, and the probable future approaches to the reg-
ulatory problems.
Keywords: 'Geothermal prospecting, 'Energy source
development, 'Legislation, Geothermal exploration,
Regulations, Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid
wastes, Noise pollution, Environmental impacts, Gov-
ernment policies, National government, State govern-
ment, Local government, Legal aspects.
PB-281 027/3 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Technlcon Block Dlgestor
System for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Total
Phosphorus,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Morris E. Gales, Jr., and Robert L. Booth. Feb 78, 23p
EPA/600/4-78/015
Technicon's block digester method for the simulta-
neous determination of total phosphorus and total
Kjeldahl nitrogen has been evaluated and modified for
the semi-automated determination of these constitu-
ents in surface water and domestic and industrial
wastes. The Technicon digestion mixture was re-
placed with the KJeldahl nitrogen digestion solution.
'he applicable range is 0.1 to 20 mg per liter for phos-
phorus and nitrogen.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Phosphorus inorganic
compounds, 'Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Cheml-
;« analysis, Nitrogen organic compounds, Perform-
ance evaluation, Water pollution, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Colorimetric analysis, 'Water pollution detec-
jjon 'Technicon block digestor systems, Kjeldahl
[£•281 039/8 PC A04/MF A01
Softer Wabash Region Solid Waste Management
«y«em Analysis. Final rept.,
""nois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
poy F. Weston. May 78, 69p IIEQ-74-14
want EPA-L-005010
r'8pared by Weston (Roy R.), Inc., Wilmette, III.
Tjj* State Solid Waste Management Planning Project
J*™ examine the solid waste needs of Illinois and make
,^°m"iendations as to actions that can be taken by
Iv Ti>ate to improve solid waste management general-
*• rhis report is an analysis by the state and Its
Consultants of several alternatives available to a spe-
Natural Radioactivity Contamination Problems.
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Feb 78,11 Op' EPA/520/4-77/15
Contract PHS-223-76-6018
Sponsored in part by Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, D.C.
Naturally-occurring radionuclides are ubiquitous in the
environment. Under various circumstances these ra-
dionuclides primarily from the uranium and thorium
decay series can contaminate the environment to the
extent that they pose real or potential public health
risks. The investigation and regulatory control of the
impacts of most of these sources have been greatly
overlooked by Federal and State agencies in the past.
This report provides an initial assessment of the scope
of the contamination problems, the priorities for radi-
ation control efforts, and recommendations for prob-
lem resolution and implementation of effective control
measures. This report is intended to assist those per-
sons or agencies interested in the protection of public
health from naturally-occurring radionuclide contami-
nation.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Health physics, Ra-
dioactive contaminants. Radiation effects, Inorganic
phosphates, Fossil fuels, Radium, Thorium, Radon,
Ground water, Construction materials, Minerals, Ex-
traction, Public health, Caves, Standards, Guidelines,
State government, Environmental surveys, 'Environ-
mental impact assessments.
PB-281 043/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Emissions from the Crushed Granite Industry:
State-of-the-Art. Final task rept. Apr 75-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
P. K. Chalekode, J. A. Peters, T. R. Blackwood, and S.
R. Archer. Feb 78,68p* MRC-DA-706, EPA/600/2-
78/021
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from the crushed granite industry, the potential
environmental effect of this emission source was eval-
uated using source severity, defined as the ratio of the
maximum time-averaged ground level concentration of
a pollutant at a representative plant boundary to a
hazard factor. The hazard factor is the ambient air
quality standard for criteria pollutants and an adjusted
threshold limit value for noncriteria pollutants. Pollut-
ants are emitted from several operations Including drill-
ing, blasting, transport on unpaved roads, crushing,
screening, conveying, and stockpiling. Emission fac-
tors are determined for participates emitted from trace
operations. The emission rate of resplrable particu-
lates (<7 micrometers Is 6.9 kg/hr). The major haz-
ardous constituent In the dust is free silica (27.2% by
weight).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Silicon dioxide, Par-
ticles, Dust, Industrial wastes,
: *Solid
s. "Illinois, Regional planning,
Institutes, Forecasting, Employment, Demography,
Stat?i8 recoverv' Management planning, Feasibility,
«e government.
PC A06/MF A01
ition Programs, Washington, D.C.
'Granite Industry.
PB-281 067/9 PC A07/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Ap-
plied Science and Research Applications.
Optimum Meteorological and Air Pollution Sam-
pling Network Selection In Urbsn Areas. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Fred M. Vukovich, Walter D. Bach, Jr., and C. Andrew
Clayton. Dec 77,129p NSF/RA-770454
Grant NSF-ENV72-03431-A04
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
This report describes the generalized theory and
models which have been developed to establish an
optimum meteorological and air pollution sampling net-
work in urban areas. Three specific models are re-
quired in order to determine the optimum network: a
three-dimensional hydrodynamlc model; a statistical
model; and an objective variational analysis model.
The basis of the network is the wind field in the urban
area rather than the air pollution distribution. The primi-
tive hydrodynamlc model is used to simulate the wind
field over a variety of cases in which the major factors
influencing the flow (urban heat island, surface rough-
ness variability, topography, etc.) are included. Simula-
tion data were then used to develop the form of a sta-
tistical model which could be used to describe the wind
distribution over the domain of the network. The air
pollution distribution is obtained through an objective
variational analysis model. The models were applied to
develop an optimum network for St. Louis, Missouri. In
the summer of 1975 and winter of 1976, field programs
were conducted to test and evaluate the optimum net-
work. Results will be presented in a future report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution sampling, 'Mathematical
models, 'Urban areas, Wind(Meteorology), Atmos-
pheric motion, Numerical analysis, Algorithms, Sites,
Boundary layer, Design criteria, Regression analysis,
Calculus of variations, Statistical analysis, Air pollution,
Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB-281 070/3 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Directory of Environmental Information.
Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Eileen L. Johnston. Jun 77,135p IIEQ-77-16
This publication represents the revision of the Illinois
Directory of Environmental Information - March, 1975.
It includes listings of environmental groups, neighbor-
hood recycling centers, and markets for recyclable
materials.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Directories, 'Illi-
nois, Recycling, Marketing, State government, Nation-
al government, Regions, Recycled materials.
PB-281 076/0 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants II. Benzldlne. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
Carole R. Shrlner, John S. Drury, Anna S. Hammons,
Leigh E. Towill, and Eric B. Lewis. Apr 78,151 p*
ORNL/EIS-86, EPA/600/1-78/024
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, D.C.
The report Is a review of the scientific literature on the
biological and environmental effects of benzldine. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to benzidine and specific benzldine com-
pounds: physical and chemical properties; occurrence;
synthesis and use; analytical methodology; biological
aspects In microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic
animals, and humans; distribution, mobility, and persis-
tence in the environment; assessment of present and
potential health and environmental hazards; and
review of standards and governmental regulations.
More than 200 references are cited.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Industrial medicine, Metabo-
lism, Air pollution, Amines, Reviews, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Standards, Regulations, Bio-
chemistry, Hazards, Water pollution, Dyes, Production,
Utilization, Soils, Sampling, Toxicity, Physiological ef-
fects, Distribution, Food chains, Microorganisms,
Plants(Botany), Domestic animals, Wildlife, Humans,
Analyzing, Tables(Data), Metabolism, Analytical meth-
ods, 'Benzidines, Biological effects, Bloaccumulatlon,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental effects, 'Environ-
mental health, Environmental persistence.
PB-281 078/6 PC A07/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, Calif.
Control of Utility Boiler and Gas Turbine Pollutant
Emissions by Combustion Modification • Phase I.
Report for Jun 74-Jun 76,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
A. R. Crawford, E. H. Manny, and W. Bartok. Mar 78,
150p EPA/600/7-78/036A
Contract EPA-88-02-1415
The report gives results of a field study to assess the
applicability of combustion modification techniques to
control NOx and other pollutant emissions from utility
boilers and gas turbines without causing deleterious
side effects. Comprehensive, statistically designed
tests were used to evaluate the effect of combustion
modifications. The most extensively studied combus-
tion modification for utility boiler applications was
staged firing at low excess air, which can reduce NOx
emissions by up to about 50%, based on the results of
short term tests. With emphasis on NOx emission con-
December 1983 421
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trol for coal-fired utility boilers, special attention was
paid to the determination of potentially adverse side
effects: Increased combustible emissions, unwanted
changes In participate mass loading and size distribu-
tion, reduced boiler efficiency, increased furnace slag-
ging and tube wall corrosion, and flame problems.
Short term tests Indicate that staged combustion may
be applied to coal-fired utility boilers. The extent of fur-
nace tube wall corrosion and slagging could not be de-
termined conclusively, based on the results of 300-
hour corrosion probing runs under low NOx and base-
line operating conditions. For this reason, a long term
furnace tube wall corrosion test of at least 6 months
duration was initiated on a 500 MWe front-wall-fired
boiler at Gulf Power Company's Crist Station.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Gas turbines, 'Electric powe- plants, Revi-
sions, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Sulfur
oxides, Coal fired power plants.
PB-281 090/1 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Hazardous Material Spills: A Documentation and
Analysis of Historical Data. Final rept. 71-Jun 73,
Factory Mutual Research Corp., Norwood, Mass.
Joseph L. Buckley, and Stephen A. Wiener. Apr 78,
246p FMRC-22405, RC76-T-47, EPA/600/2-78/066
Contract EPA-68-03-0317
The ultimate goal of this study was the prevention of
hazardous material spills through application of re-
search effort. The immediate objective was to provide
guidance for the choice of research priorities for spill
prevention through documentation and analysis of his-
torical incidents involving hazardous material spills.
Data were analyzed for the period January 1, 1971
through June 30, 1973. In excess of 15,000 incidents
were examined, resulting in the documentation of ap-
proximately 10 percent as hazardous material spills.
To allow comparison of spills of different materials, a
hazard potential scheme was developed, incorporat-
ing (oxicity and quantity spilled, to rank an incident on a
hazard potential scale ranging from one to ten. A prag-
matic approach to this problem was taken and the
scheme developed is specific to the needs of this
study rather than a general mechanism for comparing
spills. Primary and secondary causes of hazardous
material spills in various operational areas (In Transit,
Loading-Unloading Areas, In Plant Storage, In Plant
Processing) were identified. The data were treated to
find the frequency and distribution of hazardous mate-
rial spills by cause, operational area and hazard poten-
tial.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
Accident prevention, Documentation, Data analysis,
Sources, tables(Oata), 'Hazardous materials spills.
PB-281 092/7 PC A03/MF A01
Add Mine Drainage and Subsidence: Effects of In-
creased Coal Utilization. Final rept,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Ronald D. Hill, and Edward R. Bates. Apr 78,38p*
EPA/600/2-78/068
The increases above 1975 levels for acid mine drain-
age and subsidence for the years 1985 and 2000
based on projections of current mining trends and the
National Energy Plan are presented. No Increases are
projected for acid mine drainage or waste since en-
forcement under present laws should control this prob-
lem. The increase in acid mine drainage from under-
ground mines Is projected to be 16 percent by 1985
and 10 percent by 2000. The smaller increase in 2000
over 1985 reflects the impact of the PL 95-87 aban-
doned mine program. Mine subsidence Is projected to
Increase by 34 and 115 percent respectively for 1985
and 2000. This estimate assumes that subsidence will
parallel the rate of underground coal production and
that no new subsidence control measures are adopted
to mitigate subsidence occurrence.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Mine waters, 'Subsidence,
•Water pollution control, Forecasting, Drainage, State
government, National government. Regulations, 'Add
mine drainage.
422 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-281 099/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Controlling S02 Emissions from Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Generator*: Solid Waste Impact.
Volume I. Executive Summary. Final task rept. Apr-
Dec 77,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
P. P. Leo, and J. Rossoff.Mar 78,58p* ATR-78(7550-
06)-1-Vol-1, EPA/600/7-78/044A
Contract EPA-68-01-3528
See also Volume 2, PB-281 100, and report dated Mar
78, PB-279 635.
The study assesses the technological, economic, and
environmental impacts, projected to 1998, of the in-
creased solid wastes resulting from the application of
various more-stringent controls as well as of the cur-
rent New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for
SO2 emissions from coal-fired steam-electric gener-
ators. The study supports a review of the NSPS, by
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
that defines a number of control strategies (e.g., in-
creased scrubbing efficiency and coal washing) for
achieving several levels of S02 emission control, with
emphasis on levels more stringent than the current
NSPS. The study considers three alternative strategies
(1.2 and 0.5 Ib SOS/million Btu, and 90% 502 remov-
al), three plant sizes (1000,500, and 25 MW), and five
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems (lime, lime-
stone, double alkali, magnesium oxide, and Wellman
Lord). Typical eastern and western coals, as well as
coal washing, are included. The study groundrules in-
clude: (1) the nationwide survey to be 1978-1998; (2)
new-plant-installed capacities during that interval (FPC
projection); (3) 1980 as the effective date for the more
stringent standards; and (4) western coal burned
during the 1980-1998 period to be 45% of the total
burned nationwide (variations in the western coal per-
centage were also evaluated).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Sulfur dioxide, Electric power plants, Coal prepa-
ration, Desulfurization, Industrial wastes, Economics,
Combustion products, Standards, Washing, Scrub-
bers, Ponds, Mines, Gypsum, Sulfuric acid, Sulfur, Ag-
gregates, Trace elements, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Environmental impacts, 'New source
performance standards, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air
pollution abatement, Ocean waste disposal.
PB-281 100/8 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Controlling SO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Generators: Solid Waste Impact.
Volume II. Technical Discussion. Final task rept.
Apr-Dec 77,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.
P. P. Leo, and / Rossoff. Mar 78,235p* ATR-
78(7550-06)-1 -Vol-2, EPA/600/7-78/044B
Contract EPA-68-01-3528
See also Volume 1, PB-281 099, and report dated Mar
78, PB-279 636.
Contents:
Summary-fOuantification of solid wastes,
Characterization of untreated wastes, Potential
environmental impact, Waste disposal,
Utilization, Economics);
Quantification of solid wastes-(Basis for the study,
Implications of current and stricter NSPS
emissions regulations on SO2 removal,
Implications of NSPS regulations on quantities
of waste produced, Effect of plant size on
quantities of waste produced, Effects of the
scrubbing process on quantities of waste
produced, Effects of coal sulfur on quantities of
waste produced, Effects of coal washing on
quantities of waste produced, Nationwide
effects);
Characterization of flue gas desulfurization
wastes~(Effects of control system process,
Chemical characteristics, Physical
characteristics, and Potential environmental
impacts);
Assessment of waste disposal and utilization
technology-(environmental Impacts of disposal
processes and practices, economic evaluation
of disposal processes and practices).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Sulfur dioxide, Electric power plants, Coal prepa-
ration, Desulfurizaton, Industrial wastes, Economics,
Leaching, Regulations, Combustion products, Stand-
ards, Washing, Scrubbers, Ponds, Mines, Gypsum,
Sulfuric acid, Sulfur, Aggregates, Trace elements,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Environmen-
tal impacts, 'New source performance standards,
'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution abatement,
Ocean waste disposal.
PB-281 104/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Survey of Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems:
Cholla Station, Arizona Public Service Co. Final
subtask rept. Jan-Jun 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Mar 78,75p EPA/600/7-78/
048A
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also PB-279 543 and PB-281 105.
The report gives results of a second survey of the flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) system on Unit 1 of Arizona
Public Service Co.'s Cholla Station. The FGD system,
commercially available in December 1973, uses a
limestone slurry in two parallel scrubbing modules to
control SO2 and fly ash from the combustion of low
sulfur western coal. (The two-module FGD system is
described.) The system's total S02 removal efficiency
is 58.5% (92% for the SO2 removal module). Either or
both modules can be bypassed. The flue gas cleaning
wastes are disposed of in an on-site unfined fly ash
pond. No water is recycled from the pond to the FGD
system. Following a number of modifications of the
FGD system by the system supplier and the utility, the
system has exhibited a high degree of mechanical reli-
ability while meeting required SOS and particulate
emission control levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Fly ash, Calcium carbonates, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Design criteria,
Process charting, Arizona, Performance evaluation,
Solid waste disposal, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB-281 105/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Survey of Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Will
County Station, Commonwealth Edison Co. Final
subtask rept. Jan-Jun 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Mar 78,73p EPA/600/7-78/
048B
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also report dated Jul 75, PB-244 401, PB-281 104,
and PB-281 106.
The report gives results of a second survey of the flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) system on Unit 1 of Com-
monwealth Edison Co.'s Will County Station. The FGD
system, started up in February 1972, uses a limestone
slurry In two parallel scrubbing trains. Each train in-
cludes a venturi scrubber, sump, and two-stage sieve
tray absorber for the control of fly ash and SO2. The
flue gas cleaning wastes are stabilized with lime and
collected fly ash and hauled away to an off-site dispos-
al area. The FGD system operated as an S02-removal
unit from February 1972 to July 1977, treating flue gas
from the combustion of low sulfur western coal, high
sulfur Illinois coal, and blends of both. Experimental
SO2-removal operations were concluded in July 1977.
The scrubbing system remains in service removing fly
ash from low sulfur western coal flue gas. Some SO2 is
removed from the flue gas during partlculate-removal
operations because of the alkalinity of the collected fly
ash and the limestone additive used for pH control of
the scrubbing solution.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Fly ash, 'Scrubbers, Flue gases, Electric
power plants, Calcium carbonates, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, pH, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Particles, Process charting,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Solid waste
disposal, Illinois, 'Coal fired power plants, • Venturi
separators, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB-281 106/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Survey of Flu* Oas DMulfurlzatlon Systems: St.
Clilr Station, Detroit Edlton Co. Final subtask rept.
Jan-Jun 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Mar 78, 67p EPA/600/7-78/
048C
Contract EPA-68-01 -41 47
See also report dated Jul 75, PB-246 285, PB-281 105,
andPB-281 107.
The report gives results of a survey of the flue gas de-
sulfurization (FGD) system retrofitted on Unit 6 of De-
troit Edison Co. 's St. Glair Station. The experimental
FGD system, which operated through a 2-month (Oc-
tober 1976- January 1977) demonstration program, uti-
lized a limestone slurry to remove SO2 in two parallel
scrubbing trains. Each train Included a radial-flow ven-
turi scrubber and a high-velocity countercurrent spray
tower absorber to control Fly ash and S02. Flue gas
cleaning wastes were discharged from a reaction tank
to an on-site clay-lined settling pond. Clear water was
recycled from the pond to the FGD system for further
use. The FGD system was designed to remove S02
and fly ash from high sulfur eastern coal. Actual oper-
ation was on low sulfur western coal. Following the
demonstration, the FGD system was shut down and
modified for resumption of participate scrubbing on low
sulfur western coal in the fall of 1 977. Some S02 is re-
moved from the flue gas during particulate removal be-
cause of the alkalinity of the collected fly ash and the
limestone additive used for pH control of the scrubbing
solution.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Scrubbers, *Fly ash, Electric power plants,
Flue gases, Calcium carbonates, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Performance evaluation, Lime-
stone, Design criteria, Process charting, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Solid waste disposal, Michigan,
Coal fired power plants, 'Limestone scrubbing, ven-
iun separators.
. — J 107/3 PC A05/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
jnsJePark.N.C.
1 of Flue das Desulfurlzatlon Systems: La
| Station, Kansas City Power and Light Co.
isubtask rept. Jan-Jun 77,
" "nvlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
luorT - A- Lawke. Jr. Mar 78,77p EPA/600/7-78/
f\
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
|*9 also report dated Aug 75, PB-246 136, and PB-
I"* report gives results of a second survey of the flue
y» desulfurization (FGD) system on Unit 1 of Kansas
yv Power and Light Co.'s La Cygne Station. The FGD
•eg*", first started up In February 1973 and commer-
waiiy available In June 1973, uses a limestone slurry in
ubbing modules to control fly ash and SO2
combustion of high sulfur subbituminous coal.
module includes a venturi scrubber, sump, and
"To-stage sieve tray absorber. All the flue gas Is treat-
JJJ « cannot bypass the scrubbing modules. Facilities
» wnestone grinding and storage and final disposal of
rvl "ue gas cleaning wastes are on the plant grounds.
*ater is recycled from the pond to the FGD
~> for additional use. SO2 and particulate removal
.m^1cy measurements indicate that the design
r""w of 80 and 98.75%, respectively, have been met
Wexceeded.
: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
. 'Fly ash, 'Scrubbers, Electric power plants,
gases, Particles, Combustion products, Industrial
. Solid waste disposal, Kansas, Coal, Perform-
avaluation, Design criteria, Process charting,
is, Calcium carbonates, Capitalized costs,
scrubbing, 'Venturl separators, 'Coal fired
plants, Kansas Clty(Kansas), Wet methods, La
power plant.
1«/» PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
?"« CHI Pollution Reports: August 1977-
W7. Quarterly rapt. Aug-Oct 77,
Unlv'< Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
, Helmut Ehrenspeck. and Elizabeth
> 291P EPA/600/2-77/1 1 1
report dated Jun 77, PB-272 689.
The August 1977 - October 1977 Issue of Oil Spill and
OH Pollution Reports is a quarterly compilation of oil
pollution publications and ongoing project summaries.
Presented in the report are: (a) summaries and cita-
tions of published literature and patents; (b) summa-
ries and status of current research projects; and (c)
current oil-related conferences. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies,
Water pollution control, Abstracts, Documents, Moni-
toring, Sampling, Remote sensing, Meetings, Sources,
Legislation, Standards, Regulations, Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Containment, Materials recovery,
Biodeterioration, Oil wells, Offshore drilling, Economic
analysis, Marine biology, Reclamation, Recycling,
Management planning, Education, Prevention, OH pol-
lution detection, Water pollution detection, Waste re-
cycling, Water pollution effects(Animals), Path of pol-
lutants.
PB-281 138/8 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Chicago, III. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Regulatory Guidance for Control of Volatile Or-
ganlc Compound Emissions from 15 Catagorlaa
of Stationary Sources. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Stephen V. Capone, Mark I. Bornstein, Robert J.
Brennan, and William H. Battye. Apr 78,209p GCA-
TR-78-15-G, EPA/905/2-78/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2887
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 require all
states in which there are any nonattainment areas to
adopt and submit revised State Implementation Plans
no later than January 1, 1979. Specifically, EPA re-
quires that the 1979 oxidant plan submissions for
major urban areas should contain, as a minimum, le-
gally enforceable regulations to reflect the application
of reasonably available control technology to the 15
stationary source categories for which guidelines
Issued by the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards (OAQPS) were published as of January
1978. This report provides guidance for regulation de-
velopment in the form of sample regulations based
heavily on the guidelines prepared by EPA OAQPS for
15 categories of stationary sources as well as existing
Federal and State laws. In addition the report contains
a compendium of existing regulations and test proce-
dures. The sample regulations set forth In regulatory
format definitions, emission limitations, equipment
standards, exemptions, compliance schedules and
testing methods and procedures. (Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'State government, Guidelines, Coating proc-
esses, Petroleum products, Gasoline, Metal colling,
Asphalt, Metal cleaning, 'Stationary sources, Proce-
dures, Fugitive emissions, Service stations.
PB-281 148/7 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Baseline Data Requirements lor Assessing Envi-
ronmental Impact.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champalgn. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Glenn E. Stout, Kent McGregor, Joe L. Spaeth,
Keturah A. Reinbold, and G.laurln Wheeler. May 78,
141pllEQ-78-05
This study has developed a guide that may be used by
technical personnel to perform an intergrated baseline
evaluation of changes In the total envlronment-ln
plants, soils, and animals (including manMhat is
needed for a factual pinpoint assessment. The meth-
odology outlined In this guide requires substantial re-
sources both In manpower and funds. The manage-
ment and evaluation of the survey Instrument should
be performed by a qualified organization. Comprehen-
sive ecosystem evaluation requires an Interdisciplinary
team of scientists. As a result, the execution of a base-
line impact assessment requires considerable plan-
ning, funding, and evaluation.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Management
planning, Assessments, Surveys, Data analysis,
Sources, Socloeconomlc status, Airports, Exhaust
emissions, Industrial wastes, Ecosystems,
Plants(Botany). Public health, Soils, Methodology,
'Baseline studies.
PB-261 1(3/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Hazardous Waste Management: Problem Assess-
ment and Strategy Formulation.
Garretson, Elmendorf, Zlnov, and Relbin, San Francis-
co, Calif.
Apr78,296p
Grant EPA-L-009104-1
Sponsored in part by Hawaii State Dept. of Health,
Honolulu.
This report deals with Hazardous Waste Management
in the State of Hawaii, Territory of Guam, Government
of Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory Islands
of the Pacific. The report attempts to Identify the types,
quantities, and generators of hazardous waste. The
report also makes projections of future solid waste
generation, assesses the adequacy of present man-
agement practices, and presents alternatives for future
management.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Management planning, Assessments, Public
health, Military facilities, Hospitals, Industrial wastes,
Agricultural wastes, Storage, Waste processing,
Chemical industry, Regulations, Site surveys, Sanitary
landfills, Water pollution abatement, Hawaii, Pacific
Ocean Islands, Kwalaleen Island, Majuro Island,
American Samoa, Truk Island, Ponape Island, Guam
Island, Yap Island, Palau Island, Forecasting, Oil
wastes.
PB-281 167/8 PC A04/MF A01
Radioactivity Associated with Qsothsrmsl Water*
In the Western United States. A Modeling Effort to
Calculate Working Levels of Radon-222 and Its
Progeny for Nonelectrical Applications. Technical
note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Michael F. O'Connell, and Gary A. Gilgan. Apr 78,57p
ORP/LV-75/8B
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Reno.
Dept. of Physics.
It has been known for some time that geothermal fluids
contain a variety of dissolved minerals including radio-
active species, particularly radium-226 and radon-222.
There is an Interest In examining radiation exposures
to humans in contact with these fluids or their deposit-
ed minerals. The literature contains a few studies
which have evaluated the ingestion and Inhalation of
radon and Its daughters in situations associated with
the balneological uses of thermal fluids. In this report,
an attempt is made to predict the radon progeny (work-
Ing levels) concentrations that could be expected
Inside structures using geothermal fluids for domestic
hot water and space heating purposes. Applications
that were included in this analysis Included green-
houses, private dwellings, and apartment and motel
complexes.
Keywords: 'Geothermal fluids, 'Natural radioactivity,
'Health physics, Radon, Radium, Geothermal energy
conversion, Mathematical models, Houses, Buildings,
Swimming pools, Radiation dosage, Radon 222,
Radium 226.
PB-281 169/4 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
Ohio.
Treatment and Recovery of Fluoride and Nitrate
Industrial Wastes: Phase II. Final rept,
Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, N.Y.
Christian J. Staebler. Mar 78,8Sp EPA/600/2-78/048
Grant EPA-S-800680
Laboratory and pilot-scale techniques to treat selected
metal-finishing solutions and rinse waters containing
fluorides and nitrates were developed and successful-
ly demonstrated. Lime-treatment parameters were op-
timized for various fluoride and nitrate Influent levels.
Ion-exchange techniques reduced the fluoride and ni-
trate concentrations of rinse waters to three and ten
parts per million, respectively. Pilot-scale centrifugal
techniques to separate precipitated calcium fluoride
and metal hydroxide sludges were developed. The ni-
trate concentration of centrifuged effluents was re-
duced from 28,000 to less than five parts per million by
passing the effluents through a thin-film, mechanically
aided evaporator. Fluoride concentration was reduced
from 117,000 to less than one part per million. The po-
tential feasibility of using calcium fluoride sludge as a
December 1983 423
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
strength-maintaining additive for concrete was shown.
Greenhouse tests indicated that concentrated calcium
nitrate recovered from mechanically aided evaporation
is a beneficial and practical plant fertilizer. Economic
and production scale-up plans for process solution and
rinse water treatment are also presented.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, * Metal finishing,
"Fluorides, 'Nitrates, Ion exchange resins, Calcium
oxides, Calcium fluorides, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Centrifugation, Sludges, Fertilizers, Solid
waste disposal, Pilot plants, Laboratory equipment.
PB-281 165/1 PC A04/MF A01
Generalized Model of the Time-Dependent Weath-
ering Half-Life of the Resuspension Factor. Tech-
nicalnote,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
George V. Oksza-Chocimowski. Feb 77,56p ORP/LV-
77/4
A generalized model has been developed to predict
the changes with time in the weathering half-life of the
resuspension factor for plutonium 239 and other long-
lived radioactive contaminants. The model is largely
based on assumptions and empirical data presented
by other authors, and is applicable to a wide range of
average conditions. These conditions are parametri-
cally described as ratios of initial and final resuspen-
sion factors, valid for a given locality. Based on the
above model of time-dependent half-life, the corre-
sponding general model of time-dependent resuspen-
sion factor is developed and presented in the report.
Graphs of both models for a range of conditions and
graphic comparisons of specific cases of these models
with existent models are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Plutoniurri iso-
topes, Numerical analysis, Air pollution, Half life, 'Plu-
tonium 239, 'Resuspension factors.
PB-281 174/3 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Dlv. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Compliance Data System Users Guide,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, Conn.
Geza Serenyi. Mar 78,294p EPA/340/1-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-4145
See also report dated May 77, PB-270 363.
This Compliance Data System (CDS) User's Guide is
designed to be the primary source of user documenta-
tion regarding CDS. It replaces all documentation
dated prior to March 1978, which should be discarded.
The guide is organized to be used effectively by sever-
al groups of potential readers: Managers and others
wishing a basic description of CDS should read Sec-
tions 2 and 3, Management Overview and System Ap-
plications. Current Users who generally understand
CDS will wish to skip to specific sections of interest,
particularly Sections 7 and 9, Edit Processing and Re-
trieval Processing, which reflect recent changes. New
Users may wish to read the text in its entirety, at least
through Section 9 to obtain a working knowledge of
CDS. Those Preparing Input Data should read Section
6, Data Input Preparation. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Man-
uals, 'Data acquisition, Information retrieval, Data
processing, Editing, Sources, Guidelines, Manage-
ment, Systems analysis, Input, 'Compliance data
system, Stationary sources.
PB-281 186/7 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Pulmonary Func-
tion In Human Subjects. Environmental chamber
study,
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore. Div. of Pulmonary Dis-
H. David Kerr, Thomas J. Kulle, Mary Lou Mcllhany,
and Paul Swidersky. Apr 78,31 p EPA/600/1 -78/025
Contract EPA-68-02-1745
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ.,
Baltimore, Md. Dept. of Environmental Health Sci-
ences.
Twenty human subjects with asthma and chronic bron-
chitis and ten normal, healthy adults were exposed to
0.5 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for two hours in an
environmental chamber. They engaged in one 15-
minute, light to medium-exercise stint on a bicycle er-
gometer during this period. The subjects with asthma
experienced the greatest symptoms with exposure to
N02, i.e., seven of thirteen noting slight burning of the
eyes, slight headache, and chest tightness or labored
breathing with exercise. One each of the subjects with
chronic bronchitis and the healthy, normal group expe-
rienced slight nasal discharge. Significant changes
from control values for the group as a whole with expo-
sure to N02 were observed for the following pulmo-
nary function tests: quasi-state compliance for the
twenty subjects with asthma and chronic bronchitis as
well as for the ten normal subjects, and functional re-
sidual capacity for the twenty subjects with asthma
and chronic bronchitis. Subjects with asthma and
chronic bronchitis as separate groups (n = 13 and 7
respectively) did not show any significant changes in
pulmonary function with the NO2 exposure, even
though the group of thirteen subjects with asthma ex-
perienced with greatest symptoms.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, 'Nitrogen dioxide,
'Toxicology, Concentration(Composition), Experimen-
tal data, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Humans,
Smoking, Signs and symptoms, Exposure, Asthma,
Respiratory diseases, Bronchitis,
Exercise(Physiology), Air pollution, Respiration,
Tables(Data), Sex, Age, Body weight, Environmental
health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Toxic sub-
stances, 'Pulmonary function, Cigarette smoking.
PB-281 187/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Biological Availability of Pollutants to Marine Or-
ganisms. Final rept.,
Center for Energy and Environment Research, Maya-
guez, Puerto Rico.
John R. Montgomery, Mary Price, John Thurston, Gina
Laite ce Castro, and Luz Leida Cruz. Mar 78,149p
EPA/600/3-78/035
This research was initiated to determine the rates of
uptake, by a Thalassia testudinum ecosystem, of Cd,
Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn which were leached from
sewage sludge by seawater. The experimental design
used aerated flowing seawater which passes over a
0.1 cu m bed of sewage sludge before traversing the
model ecosystem.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Aquatic animals, 'Metals,
'Water pollution, 'Ecology, Sludge,
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Chromium,
Copper, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Bloassay, Experi-
mental design, Sea water, Food chains, Leaching,
Oxygen, Temperature, Salinity, Trace metals, Ecosys-
tems, Thalassia testudinum.
PB-281 188/3 PC A05/MF A01
New York Bight Suspended Matter and Oceano-
graphlc Data 1973-1974. Total Suspended Matter;
Traverse Stations, June, 1974 and Prior Cruises;
Total Suspended Matter and Physical Oceano-
graphlc Data June-July, 1974 Cruise; Total Sus-
pended Matter, December, 1974, Cruise.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
G. R. Ditsworth, A. M. Teeter, and R. J. Callaway. Feb
78,76p EPA/600/3-78/022
The concentration and size of paniculate matter sus-
pended in the water column were determined as part
of an overall study of sewage sludge dispersion in New
York Bight. Data obtained from surveys in 1973 and
1974 are given in this report, along with other oceano-
graphic data obtained during a June 27 - July 1, 1974
Keywords: 'Oceanographic data, 'Sludge disposal,
'New York Bight, Sampling, Particle size, Ocean tem-
perature, Salinity, Density(Mass/volume), Sea water,
Concentration(Composition), Transmittance, Oceano-
graphic surveys, Gravimetric analysis, 'Suspended
solids, 'Ocean waste disposal.
PB-281 189/1 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Energy
Conversion Processes for Agricultural and Forest
Product Residues. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Benjamin J. Gikis, F. Alan Ferguson, Jerry L. Jones, M.
C. T. Kuo, and Clyde L. Witham. Mar 78,181p* EPA/
600/7-78/047
Contract EPA-68-01-2940
A preliminary assessment was made of the environ-
mental impacts of several types of conversion proc-
esses for producing energy or fuels from agricultural
and forestry residues. Fifteen examples were selected
to represent various combinations of agricultural resi-
dues and conversion processes available in various
geographic regions. The conversion processes includ-
ed gasification-pyrolysis (Purox), liquefaction-pyrolysis
(Tech-Air), combustion (direct firing, both large and
small scale), co-combustion with coal, and anaerobic
digestion. Residues included animal manure, forestry
and field crops, including sugar cane. Special attention
was given to pesticide and herbicide residues in con-
version processes.
Keywords: 'Energy conversion, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Residues, Forestry, Plant residues(Organic),
Solid wastes, Sugar crops, Sugar cane, Fertilizers,
Trees(Plants), Wastes, Anaerobic processes, Com-
bustion, Gasification, Liquefaction, Pyrolysis, Harvest-
ing, Transportation, Air pollution, Water pollution. Pes-
ticides, Herbicides, Manure.
PB-281 213/9 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Regional Management of Automotive Emissions:
The Effectiveness of Alternative Policies for Los
Angeles. Final rept.,
Charles River Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
Frederick C. Dunbar. Dec 77,301 p EPA/600/5-77/
014
Contract EPA-68-01-2235
This study has two objectives: first, to develop proce-
dures to evaluate policies for controlling automobile
emissions; and second, to use these procedures to
evaluate specific pollution control strategies for Los
Angeles. The first objective is achieved by developing
a relatively quick and reliable method for estimating
the cost effectiveness of travel related policies. The
methods used include application of a behavioral
demand model for automobile travel by mode, purpose
and destination, and a model which predicts the size of
the auto stock and its age distribution. These models
are used to compute the costs to society and individual
travelers of various policies, and to compute the emis-
sion reduction effects of various policies. In applying
these procedures to Los Angeles, the following specif-
ic strategies were evaluated: (1) Increased gas taxes;
(2) Taxes on vehicle emissions per mile based on
odometer readings and emissions tests; (3) Nonresi-
dential parking surcharges; (4) Extensions of route
miles by conventional bus; (5) Annual taxes based on
vehicle model, make and year.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Regional planning, Management planning, Substitutes,
Benefit cost analysis, Mathematical models, Taxes,
Transportation management, 'Automobile exhaust,
•Los Angeles(California).
PB-281 217-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun77,2765p-in14v
Set includes PB-281 218 thru PB-281 231.
No abstract available.
PB-281 218/8 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume I. Instructor's Handbook for MSIS
Overview.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,247p EPA/440/6-78/028-1
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
424 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This Instructor's Handbook is one of six prepared for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Drinking Water by the Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center (SWORCC). Its purpose is to help In-
structors teach state and EPA personnel about the
Model State Information System (MSIS). Specific infor-
mation is presented on: The course, units comprising
the course, content of each unit. Instructor prepara-
tion, recommended presentation, and Evaluation.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing. Manuals, Instructors, Program effectiveness, Reg-
ulations, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Methodology,
Evaluation, Water quality, Instructional aids.
f>281 219/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume I. Participant's Handbook lor MSIS
Overview.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,154p EPA/440/6-77/028-2
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC EOT, PB-281
217-SET.
"This handbook is designed to present all materials
needed for persons participating In the Model State In-
'orrnation System (MSIS) Training Program. The par-
"dpant's handbook is designed to be used in two
ways: First, during the actual training as a classroom
We, and Second, as a reference tool when on the |ob.
«nce a considerable amount of detail is provided and
the looseleaf format facilitates additional Material and
updates, conscientious use of this handbook can
re*urt in greater understanding of the entire MSIS
*y*tem.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ng, Manuals, Students, Program effectiveness, Regu-
*flons, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water quality,
'Jolectives, Job performance aids.
£>281 220/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Jjfce of Drinking Water.
l State Information System Training Pro-
Volume I. Slide/Cassette Work Book tor
Overview.
X*>cinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Onto Regional
Y°mputer Center.
iUh 77,185p EPA/440/6-77/028-3
Jfntract GS-05S-10458
5*° available in set of 14 reports PC E98, PB-281
slide/cassette course on the Model State Infor-
£™nental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. The
th« ijV ™* ""OIIUXKIK can oe useu in conjuncuon wnn
""MSIS slide/cassette Training Program or it can be
J5*d advantageously by itself as a learning or refer-
8: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
, Manuals, Students, Program effectiveness. Tape
2£0rdjng, Visual aids, Regulations, Motivation. Poli-
sh?. Curricula, Methodology, Water quality, Evalua-
q°n. Instructional materials.
?>281 j21/2 PC A14/MF A01
oSSffnrnental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
M™$eof Drinking Water.
State Information System Training Pro-
Volume II. Instructor's Handbook for MSIS
PC A14/MF A01
Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Center.
303p EPA/440/8-77/028-4
2 ««ilable in set of 14 reports PC E99. PB-281
the I !n*tructor'8 Handbook is one of six prepared for
?- Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Water by the Southwesten Ohio Regional
r Center (SWORCC). Its purpose is to help in-
structors teach state and EPA personnel about the
Model State Information System (MSIS). This hand-
book was designed with the expectation that two uses
will be made: (1) During on-site visits to states by the
SWORCC training team; and (2) by state personnel
during subsequent training within the state.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Handbooks, Instructors, Program effectiveness,
Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Methodology, Water
quality, Evaluation, Objectives, Instructional aids.
PB-281 222/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume II. Participant's Handbook for MSIS
Subsystems.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,179p EPA/440/6-77/028-5
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This handbook is designed to present all materials
needed for persons participating In the Model State In-
formation System (MSIS) training program. The MSIS
training program In MSIS subsystems consists of MSIS
subsystems functions-the purpose and functions of
each of the nine MSIS subsystems, MSIS files - what
data Is maintained by the nine subsystems in computer
flies, and therefore accessible to the user, and MSIS
tables - special data needed by the subsystems and
used only Internally within the computer.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Handbooks, Students, Program effectiveness, Mo-
tivation, Policies, Curricula, Methodology, Water qual-
ity, Objectives, Evaluation.
PB-281 223/8 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume II. Wide/Cassette Workbook for
MSIS Subsystems.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,217p EPA/440/6-77/028-6
Contract QS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC ES9, PB-281
217-SET.
The MSIS Subsystems slide/cassette course Is one of
four prepared by the Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center (SWORCC) for the Office of Drinking
Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, D.C. The Subsystems slide/cassette course
has a corresponding workbook, designed to aid per-
sons learning about MSIS. This Workbook can be used
In conjunction with the MSIS slide/cassette Training
Program or H can be used advantageously by Itself as
a learning or reference tool.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
Ing, Handbooks, Students, Program effectiveness,
Tape recording, visual aids. Motivation, Policies, Cur-
ricula. Methodology. Water quality, Evaluation, Objec-
tives, Instructtonalmaterials.
PB-281 224/8 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model Slat* Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume III. Instructor's Handbook for Data
Entry.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,340p EPA/440/6-77/028-7
Contract QS-05S-10458
Also available In set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This Instructor's Handbook Is one of six prepared for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of
Drinking Water by the Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center (SWORCC). Its purpose Is to help In-
structors teach state and EPA personnel about data
entry for the Model State Information System (MSIS).
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Instructors. Data processing, Program
effectiveness, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water
quality, Methodology, Objectives, Instructional materi-
als.
PB-2B1 22S/3 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume III. Participant's Handbook lor Data
Entry.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Onto Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,228p EPA/440/6-77/028-8
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This handbook is designed to present all materials
needed for persons participating In the Model State In-
formation System (MSIS) Data Entry Training Program.
This participant's handbook Is designed to be used In.
two ways: First, during the actual training as a class-
room aide, and Second, as a reference tool when on
the job.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
Ing, Manuals, Students, Data processing, Program ef-
fectiveness, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water
quality, Methodology, Objectives, Evaluation, Instruc-
tional materials, Instructional aids, Job performance
aids.
PB-281 226/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume III. Slide/Cassette Workbook for
Data Entry.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,265p EPA/440/6-77/028-9
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This slide/cassette course on Data Entry for the Model
State Information System (MSIS) Is one of four pre-
pared by the Southwestern Ohio Regional Computer
Center, for the Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. The data
entry slide/cassette course has a corresponding work-
book, designed to aid persons learning about MSIS.
This workbook can be used in conjunction with the
MSIS slide/cassette Training Program or it can be
used advantageously by itself as a learning or refer-
ence tool.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Program effectiveness, Tape recording,
Visual aids, Students, Motivation, Policies, Water qual-
ity, Curricula, Methodology, Objectives, Evaluation.
PB-281 227/9 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume IV. Instructor's Handbook for Se-
lection Process.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Onto Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,226p EPA/440/6-77/028-10
Contract QS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
The Selection Process Instructor's Handbook Is one of
six prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Drinking Water by the Southwest-
ern Ohio Regional Computer Center (SWORCC). Its
purpose Is to help instructors teach state and EPA per-
sonnel about Selection Process for Model State Infor-
mation Systems.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
Ing, Manuals, Instructors, Program effectiveness, Reg-
ulations, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water quality,
Selection, Objectives, Evaluation, Instructional aids.
PB-281 228/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
December 1983 426
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volum* IV. Participant'* Handbook for Sa-
nction Process.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,130p EPA/440/6-77/028-11
Contract GS-05S-1-458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This handbook is designed to present all materials
needed for persons participating in the Model State In-
formation System (MSIS) Selection Process Training
Program. This participant's handbook is designed to
be used in two ways: First, during the actual training as
a classroom aide, and second as a reference tool
when on the job.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Students, Program effectiveness, Selec-
tion, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water quality,
Methodology, Objectives, Evaluation, Instructional ma-
terials, Instructional aids, Job performance aids.
PB-281 229/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume IV. Slide/Cassette Workbook for
Selection Process.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,178p EPA/440/6-77/028-12
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This slide/cassette course on the Model State Infor-
mation System (MSIS) is one of four prepared by the
Southwestern Ohio Regional Computer Center, for the
Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Washington, D.C. The selection process
slide/cassette course has a corresponding workbook
designed to aid persons learning about MSIS. This
workbook can be used in conjunction with the MSIS
slide/cassette Training Program or it can be used ad-
vantageously by itself as a learning or reference tool.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Tape recording, Visual aids, Program ef-
fectiveness, Motivation, Policies, Curricula, Water
quality, Methodology, Objectives, Evaluation, Instruc-
tional materials.
PB-281 230/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Modal State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume V. Handbook for MSIS Compo-
nents.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,65p EPA/440/6-77/028-13
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This handbook is one of six prepared for the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Office of Drinking
Water by the Southwestern Ohio Regional Computer
Center. This handbook is intended to be used by in-
structors and participants during the state installation
of MSIS, and for later reference by state personnel.
There are six volumes of MSIS documentation, com-
prising 12 physical books. This handbook describes
the contents of all six volumes, resulting in its being an
annotated index to the System documentation, Vol-
umes VII-XII.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Water quality, Objectives, Motivation, Systems
management, Manuals, Regulations, Policies, Method-
ology, Computer programming, Program effective-
ness.
PB-281 231/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume VI. Handbook for System Spaclflca-
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jun 77,49p EPA/440/6-77/028-14
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available In set of 14 reports PC E99, PB-281
217-SET.
This Handbook is one of six prepared for the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency s Office of Drinking
Water by the Southwestern Ohio Regional Computer
Center. It was developed as part of installation plan-
ning to aid in training DP personnel about the Model
State Information System (MSIS). It is' Intended to be
used both by instructors and participants during the
state installation of MSIS. Volume VI, System Specifi-
cations, covers basic design criteria and policies that
governed the detail design, programming, testing, and
documentation of MSIS.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Water quality, Objectives, Motivation, Manuals,
Regulations, Policies, Methodology, Design, Program
effectiveness, Computer programming.
PB-281 232-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram.
Cincinn
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,4895p-in 8v
Set includes PB-281 233 thru PB-281 240.
No abstract available.
PB-281 233/7 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume VII. User's Manual.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,468p EPA/440/6-77/028-16
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
The purpose of this User's Manual is to provide the
State and Regional Offices of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency necessary Information on the use of
9 Model State Information System. This manual was
the)
written as both a reference guide to be used after a
SWORCC training team has presented its courses to
the user State or Regional Offices and as an educa-
tional tool and reference for the personnel who did not
attend those courses. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Informaton systems, 'Specialized training,
Manuals, Instructors, Program effectiveness, Curricu-
la, Methodology, Computer programming, Evaluation,
Water quality, Instructional materials.
PB-281 234/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume VIII. Installation Manual.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,63p EPA/440/6-77/028-17
Contract GS-OSS-10458
Also available In set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
The purpose of this manual is to describe in detail the
procedures that are required to Install and test the
Model State Information System. In addition, the mini-
mum hardware and software requirements necessary
for installation are stated.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Instructors, Program effectiveness,
Water quality, Computer programming, Requirements,
Computer systems hardware, Computer systems pro-
grams, Instructional materials.
PB-281 236/2 PC E12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume IX. Part I. Operations Manual.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,1054p EPA/440/6-77/028-18
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
This manual was designed to give the operations staff
of a user facility a complete picture of the Model State
Information System (MSIS). The system overview will
present material pertinent to the operation of MSIS
programs. A general description of each subsystem Is
given to give the operator information on the basic
functions of the subsystem as a whole. Complete de-
scriptions of each of the program modules are ar-
ranged to state the functions of the program, Its Inputs,
processing options, If any, and outputs with the exhibit
numbers for reports. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Instructors, Program effectiveness, Moti-
vation, Policies, Water quality, Instructional materials,
Computer programming.
PB-281 236/0 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume X. Keypunch Instructions.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,150p EPA/440/6-77/028-19
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
This manual was designed to give the user of MSIS ex-
plicit instructions on how to keypunch all input forms
and turnaround documents contained in the system.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Instructors, Data processing equipment,
Water quality, Instructional materials, Curricula, Meth-
odology, Key punches.
PB-281 237/8 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume XI. Data Entry Instructions.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Aug 77, 309p EPA/440/6-77/028-20
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of B reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
This manual was designed to give the user of MSIS ex-
plicit Instructions on how to fill out all input forms and
turnaround documents contained in the system.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized instruc-
tion, Manuals, Instructors, Curricula, Methodology,
Water quality, Forms(Paper), Instructional materials.
Data acquisition, Documents, Instructional aids.
PB-281 238/6 PC E16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume XII. Program Documentation: Sub-
system Descriptions. Part 1.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,1300p EPA/440/6-77/028-21
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
This manual was developed to aid the Systems Ana-
lyst and Programming in understanding how each pro-
gram within the MSIS was developed. If the users fa-
cility finds it necessary to make any alterations to any
of the programs, this document will supply all the basic
design information which was used to create the origi-
nal programs. (Portions of this document are not tuny
legible)
426 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Instructors, Water quality, Curricula, Sys-
tems analysis, Computer programming, Data process-
ing, Instructional aids.
PB-281 239/4 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Modal State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume XII. Program Documentation Exhlb-
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,711 p EPA/440/6-77/028-22
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
SET.
The Program Documentation Exhibits contains Record
Definition formats for the model State Information
System. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
iDle)
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
ing, Manuals, Forms(Paper), Instructors, Instructional
materials, Water quality, Methodology, Computer pro-
gramming, Data acquisition.
PB-281 240/2 PC E11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Drinking Water.
Modal State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Voluma XII. Program Documentation: Data
clamant Dictionary. Part 1.
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jul 77,787p EPA/440/6-77/02B-23
Contract GS-05S-10458
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB-281 232-
The purpose of this manual is to provide the users of
we MSIS with full descriptions of each of the data ele-
ments contained on permanent files within the system.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Specialized train-
1°°,, Forms(Paper), Manuals, Instructional materials,
Water quality, Document storage, Methodology, Data
acquisition.
£8-281 248/5 PC A05/MF A01
f-PA Executive Seminar on Database Management
systems Hald on October 25-26, 1977.
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
1977, 98p
prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Computer Science.
The objective of the EPA executive seminar was to ac-
quaint EPA management with database management
systems (DBMS) and how they can help the Federal
Manager. Topics included the following: What can
UBMSdo for the Federal Manager; Organization con-
siderations for successful DBMS; Case studies of
°BMS; Are DBMS objectives achievable.
Keywords: 'Data base management systems, 'Meet-
'[w, Management planning, Environmental Protection
A9ency, Data bases.
254/3 PC A02/MF A01
£*tlmatad Effective Chimney Heights Basad on
n*wlnsonde observations at Selected Sltas In tha
united States. Journal article,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, N.C.
florae C. Holzworth. 21 Oct 77, 10p EPA/800/ J-78/
Feh '" JnL ot ApP|ied Meteorology, v17 n2 p1 53-1 60
Jije Plume rise equations of Briggs (1975) for variable
ifv^pal profiles of temperature and wind speed are de-
d and applied for hypothetical small and very
chimneys at five NWS rawinsonde stations
s the United States. From other available data
gjoittonal information on plume behavior Is deduced.
r» example, based on the 0515 CST soundings at
£«8hviile, 61 % of the effective plume heights for 50-m
"iirnneya were in a temperature inversion, but only
21% for 400-m chimneys. Ordinarily such plumes
would be in a fanning configuration. Most of the
plumes from large chimneys (60%) were above an in-
version, probably in a lofting mode. Overall, 98% of the
small plumes were reached by the afternoon mixing
height, but only 85% of the large plumes were
reached. Such information supports the obvious pre-
sumption that the effluent from large chimneys re-
mains airborne longer than that from small chimneys,
is transported over greater distances, and has more
opportunity to undergo chemical transformations.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Air pollution, 'Height finding,
Plumes, Temperature, Wind velocity, Numerical analy-
sis, Transport properties, Chemical reaction, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Reprints.
PB-281 255/0 PC A02/MF A01
International Confaranca on Oxldant Problama:
Analysis of tha Evidence/Viewpoint* Presented.
Part II. Evidence/Viewpoints on Kay Issuea. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
B. Dlmitriades, and A. P. Altshuller. Mar 78,8p EPA/
600/J-78/009
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v28
n3 p207-212 Mar 78. See also report dated Apr 77,
PB-269158.
A group of reviewer/experts reviewed evidence and
viewpoints reported to date on the issues of ambient
oxidant/O3 formation and control, and offered their
conclusions and recommendations. The reviewers of
the stratospheric ozone issue agreed that the strato-
sphere does not contribute in a major way to the oxl-
dant/03 problem experienced during the smog
season. There was consensus also that elevated oxi-
dant/03 concentrations can originate from upwind
sources as far as 1,000 km or further. There was no
agreement, however, on the details of such oxidant/
03 transport. Thus, transport of 'fossil' oxidant/O3,
transport of precursors, and interaction of transported
pollutants with local anthropogenic and/or natural pol-
lutants were proposed specific processes with uncer-
tain relative contributions. Natural emissions were con-
sidered as an unimportant source of oxidant/O3, but
this judgement was questioned based on indirect evi-
dence. Nearly all reviewers agreed that the scientific
evidence obtained since the inception of the first oxi-
dant control strategy does not invalidate the qualitative
grounds of that strategy; that is, control of anthropoge-
nic organic emissions continues to be a valid approach
to ambient oxidant reduction. There was strong reluc-
tance, however, to endorsing quantitative strategy
concepts such as e.g. quantitative assessment of or-
ganic emissions based on reactivity, and calculations
of numerical control requirements. The majority of re-
viewers concluded that the ambient oxidant/O3 prob-
lem requires control of both the hydrocarbon and NOx
emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, 'Oxidlzers,
'Reviews, Stratosphere, Smog, Transport properties,
Atmospheric diffusion, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Chemical reactions, Wind(Meteorology), Reprints, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB-281 256/8 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Exposure Time and Copper Concentra-
tion on Reproduction of tha Fathead Minnow ('Pl-
mephales promeles'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Q. Pickering, W. Brungs, and Marion Gast. 15 Jun 77,
6p EPA/600/J-77/120
Pub. in Water Research, v11 p1079-l0831977.
Three concurrent studies were conducted to deter-
mine the chronic effect of prespawning exposure to
various concentrations of copper on fathead minnow
reproduction. Copper was introduced into the three ex-
posure systems to give 6-, 3-, and 0-months exposure
prior to spawning. Prespawning exposure time had no
significant effect on reproduction. Number of eggs pro-
duced per female decreased, however, with Increase
in copper concentrations. Egg production at copper
concentrations of 37 micrograms/liter and higher was
significantly lower (P=0.05) than in the control, but at
concentrations of 24 micrograms/liter and lower it was
not different. The maximum acceptable toxicant con-
centration (MATC) was estimated to be 32 micrograms
Cu per liter, which is 0..07 of the 96 h LC50. This appli-
cation factor for copper is similar to those found In
other studies.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, 'Minnows,
'Fishes, Bioassay, Reproduction(Biology), Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental data,
Tables(Data), Fresh water fishes, Survival, Growth,
Water pollution, Reprints, Heavy metals, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Fathead minnows, *Pimepnales
promelas.
PB-281 271/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Partlculate and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Control
Costs for Large Coal-Fired Boilers. Final rapt,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Larry L. Gibbs, Duane S. Rorste, and Yatendra M.
Shah. Feb 78,168p EPA/450/3-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
Cost cases developed include five processes, lime,
limestone, mag-ox, double alkali, and Wellman-Lord;
five plant sizes from 25-1000 MW; three S02 control
levels, current, 90% efficiency, 0.5 Ibs SO2/million
Btu; three paniculate levels, current (43 ng/j), 22 ng/j,
and 13 ng/j; and coals of varying sulfur, heating value,
and ash content. Averaging times, redundancy, sludge
disposal, and energy penalties are also studied. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Boilers, 'Cost analysis, Coal, Comparison,
Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Calcium oxides, Limestone, Scrubbers, Coal prepara-
tion, Desulfurization, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, New source performance standards, Dual alkali
scrubbing, Wellman process, Steam power plants, 'Air
pollution abatement.
PB-281 273/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Screening Study for Miscellaneous Sources of
Hydrocarbon Emissions In Petroleum Refineries.
Final rept. Mar-Jun 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. F. Boland, T. E. Ctvrtnicek, J. L. Delaney, D. E.
Early, and Z. S. Khan. Dec 76,91 p MRC-DA-635,
EPA/450/3-76/041
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
Background information on miscellaneous sources of
hydrocarbons In the petroleum refineries is summa-
rized. The information is used to estimate the expected
atmospheric emission reduction of potential new
source performance standards (NSPS) for the petro-
leum refining industry. Miscellaneous sources of emis-
sions included in the study were pipeline valves and
flanges, pressure relief valves, blowdown systems,
pump and compressor seals, and process drains. Ad-
ditionally, the background information includes a gen-
eral review of the petroleum refining industry, a discus-
sion of pertinent emission control methods, and a sum-
mary of pertinent available air pollution regulations.
New source performance standards requiring applica-
tion of best available control technology will result in
an estimated 1985 hydrocarbon emission level of 750
Gg/yr, a reduction of 67% from 1985 emissions esti-
mates for a condition of no controls and a reduction of
41 % from 1985 emissions estimated under application
of existing state regulations to both new and existing
sources.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, 'Air pollution control,
•Refineries, 'Hydrocarbons, Standards, Regulations,
Sources, Trends, Design criteria, Valves, Flanges,
Pumps, Compressors, Separators, Wind tunnels, In-
dustrial wastes, 'Fugitive emissions, New source per-
formance standards, Emission factors.
PB-281 274/1 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Recommended Health and Safety Guidelines for
Coal Gasification Pilot Plants.
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Jan 78,249p DHEW/PUB/NIOSH-78/120,, EPA/
600/7-78/007
Contract PHS-210-76-0171
These guidelines are deemed appropriate for the pilot
plant stage of development of advanced coal gasifica-
tion technology. They are based on pilot plant expert-
December 1983 427
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ence thus far inthe United States, and on known haz-
ards and control procedures in analogous industries.
Those responsible for health protection require infor-
mation that can apply to their specific problems and
operations. The document is designed to help the user
by presenting evidence and rationale that can be eval-
uated and modified or adjusted for application to indi-
vidual circumstances. A representative process is de-
scribed in detail and significant differences in other
processes are noted. Toxicants and potentially haz-
ardous operations are identified. Health effects associ-
ated with the toxicants are reviewed. Guidelines for
worker protection are prescribed, including engineer-
Ing controls, work practices, workplace monitoring,
medical surveillance, and personal protection. Moni-
toring procedures are recommended to meet the per-
ceived needs for environmental sampling and medical
surveillance.
Keywords: "Industrial hygiene, 'Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens,
TablesfOata), Guidelines, Recommendations, Pilot
plants, Industrial plants, Hazards, Preventive medicine,
Monitors, Research, Safety engineering, Industrial at-
mospheres, Environments, Protection, Personnel,
Standards, Environmental health, "Coal gasification
plants, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Maximum permissible exposure level, Em-
ployee health programs, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air sampling, Threshold limit values.
PB-281 275/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Nitrate and Phosphorus Runoff Losses from
Small Watersheds In Great Lakes Basin. Final rept.
1 Apr 74-30 Mar 76,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Crop and
Soil Sciences.
B. G. Ellis, A. E. Erickson, and A R. Wolcott. Mar 78,
95p EPA/600/3-78/028
Grant EPA-R-802974-01 -0
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-274 084.
Summary data are given for nitrogen and phosphorus
lost during runoff events during a 2-year study of two
small watersheds in the Great Lakes Basin. Patterns of
runoff and sedimentation observed on the two water-
sheds are described in relation to weather conditions
at different seasons of the year. Data are presented for
ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen in the water
phase and for ammonium and total nitrogen in the
sediment phase. Soluble orthophosphate and total
phosphorus concentrations in the water phase and
available and total phosphorus in the sediment phase
are given. Analysis of soil cores for nitrate, ammonium,
and Kjeldahl nitrogen and available phosphorus are
given before and after fertilization and after each major
runoff event. Detailed descriptions of soils, topogra-
phy, instrumentation, operational procedures, and
management methods are included.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Runoff, 'Watersheds, 'Great
Lakes Basin, Sedimentation, Losses, Nitrogen, Phos-
phorus, Ammonium nitrate,
Concentration(Composition), Organic phosphates,
Residues, Soil properties, Topography, Sampling, Sta-
tistical data.
PB-281 276/6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Physical/Chemical Treatment of Textile Finishing
Wastewater for Process Reuse. Final rept. for Mar
73-Feb 78,
Stevens (J.P.) and Co., Greensboro, N.C.
J. M. Eaddy, and J. W. Vann. Apr 78,141p EPA/600/
2-78-079
Grant EPA-S-801211
The report describes a demonstration of multimedia fil-
tration as an effective tertiary treatment for biologically
treated textile wastewaters from two adjacent plants
involved in dyeing and finishing fabrics of man-made
fibers. Adding alum, polyelectrolytes, and powdered
activated carbon to the treated wastewater, just ahead
of multimedia filtration, reduced criteria pollutants and
produced effluent meeting NPDES requirements.
Treated wastewater was further treated to provide
colorless affluent satisfactory for reuse in dyeing man-
made fibers in a pilot plant consisting of a coagulatioi \l
settling/filtration unit followed by a five-column train
comprised of a sand filter, organic scavenging resin,
granular activated carbon, and cation and anion ex-
change resins. This water was satisfactory for dyeing a
full range of shades, ^luding white and pastel colors
on man-made fiber fabrics. Color-fastness was equiva-
lent to that of standard control dyeings. Tramp color
scavenging ability of different man-made fibers was
found to be quite variable. Essentially colorless efflu-
ent is required for reuse in dyeing white or pastel
shades on nylon and triacetate fabrics. Although tech-
nical feasibility of further treating biologically treated
effluent to permit its use in critical dyeing and finishing
operations was demonstrated, the economics of com-
mercial application are not attractive.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Water pollution control,
'Filtration, Industrial wastes, Textile finishing, Dyeing,
Coagulation, Settling, Synthetic fibers, Design criteria,
Process charting. Performance evaluation, Alums, Ac-
tivated carbon, Pilot plants, 'Waste water reuse, 'Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment, 'Physical chemical
treatment, Color removal, J P Stevens and Company,
WallacefNorth Carolina).
PB-281 277/4 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Ultimate Disposal of Beef Feedlot Wastes onto
Land. Final rept. 15 Jun 74-14 Jun 76,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
Harry L. Manges, Larry S. Murphy, William L. Powers,
and Lawrence A. Schmid. Mar 78,65p* EPA/600/2-
78/045
Grant EPA-R-803210
A study was conducted to determine the effects of
beef feedlot manure application rate on corn forage
yield, properties of soil, and quality of surface runoff
from irrigation and precipitation. The project was locat-
ed at a commercial beef feedlot in southcentral
Kansas. Laboratory and field studies were made on a
proportional sampler for sampling runoff. The principle
of the sampler which uses orifices for dividing the flow
appeared sound. However, additional development is
necessary before the sampler can be considered oper-
ational. Quality of runoff from land receiving annual ap-
plications of manure did not correlate with manure ap-
plication rate. Concentrations of pollutants varied
greatly between runoff events and concentrations in
runoff from land receiving no manure was relatively
high. Corn forage yields increased as manure applica-
tion rate increased up to rates of about 100 metric tons
per hectare per year. Annual manure applications of up
to 50 metric tons per hectare did not lead to harmful
levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, or
magnesium. Concentrations of calcium decreased re-
gardless of manure application rate.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Water pollution,
'Solid waste disposal, Beef cattle, Fertilizers, Soil
analysis, Corn plants, Surface irrigation, surface water
runoff, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Cal-
cium, Water analysis, Limnology, Chemical analysis,
Samplers, Kansas, 'Land disposal, Water pollution de-
tection, 'Manure, Water pollution sampling.
PB-281 282/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Hydrodynamics of Diversionary Booms. Final
rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
N.J.
William E. McCracken. Apr 78, 57p EPA/600/2-78/
075
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
The failure of booms to contain floating oil in currents
above 0.5 m/s appears to be well established. A
method suggested to surmount this limitation is to use
the boom in a diversionary mode to move the oil Into
regions of low currents where containment and remov-
al can be accomplished. Previous tow tests with
booms deployed in a diversionary mode have shown
that oil droplets are often entrained in a flow under the
boom. In these tests, the booms are set at an angle to
the direction of tow and do not extend entirely across
the tank. Typically, the length of boom employed in
these tests was 30 m. Failure of the boom to contain
oil occurred near the trailing end of the boom over ap-
proximately one-third of the length of the boom. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a
test program at their oil and hazardous materials simu-
lated environmental test tank (OHMSETT) to study
and document the near-field hydrodynamics of the
trailing end of a diversionary boom. Three-dimensional
flow fields were examined visually, using dye and oil
droplets with a towed underwater video system de-
signed and built as part of the program. Turbulence in-
tensity was simultaneously documented photographi-
cally and measured with a hot-film anemometer.
Keywords: 'Booms(Equipment), 'Water pollution con-
trol, Diverting, Flow distribution, Performance evalua-
tion, Turbulent flow, Laboratory equipment, 'Oil pollu-
tion, 'Oil spills.
PB-281 284/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Development of a Kit for Detecting Hazardous
Material Spills In Waterways. Final rept.,
Chemical Systems Lab (Army), Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Md.
A. Silvestri, A. Goodman, L. M. McCormack, M.
Razulis, and A. R. Jones. Mar 78,91 p EPA/600/2-78/
055
Chemical Systems Laboratory, under a program spon-
sored by the Environmental Protection Agency,
Edison, N.J. has developed a kit to detect hazardous
material spills into waterways. The purpose of the pro-
gram was to develop a man-portable field kit able to
detect (not necessarily identify) as many contaminants
in water in as low a concentration as possible. A list of
compounds, representative of potential contaminants,
was used to evaluate commercial, military and special-
ly designed procedures which have application to
water testing. Following the original screening, promis-
ing methods were further evaluated against samples of
natural waters polluted in the laboratory with com-
pounds from the model list. It was concluded that a se-
lection of 15 multiple non-specific detection systems
could be organized into a detection concept which
would detect a significant portion of potential contami-
nants. A 'paper analysis' projected that about 85% of
potential contaminants would respond to at least one
detection parameter. A field kit was designed contain-
ing a spectrophotometer, conductivity meter, pH meter
and a variety of accessory equipment and reagents.
Prototype kits were fabricated and delivered to Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency along with engineering
drawings, parts lists and manuals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Water analysis, 'Kits, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Manuals, Methodology, Manufacturers,
'Water pollution detection, Lists.
PB-281 303/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Emission Standards and Engineering Div,
Screening Study for Vacuum Distillation Units In
Petroleum Refineries. Final rept. 1 Mar-30 Jun 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. E. Ctvrtnicek, Z. S. Khan, J. L. Delaney, and D. E.
Earley. Dec 76,73p MRC-DA-597, EPA/450/3-76/
040
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
This program developed background information on
vacuum distillation and used that Information to esti-
mate the expected atmospheric emission reduction of
potential new source performance standards (NSPS)
for the petroleum refining industry. The potential of
available methods to reduce hydrocarbon emissions
from refinery vacuum distillation units is discussed. A
summary of available air pollution regulations is pre-
sented. If no new source performance standards are
established, hydrocarbon emissions from vacuum dis-
tillation could increase to 12.87 -14.50 Gg/yr by 1985.
Should new performance standards go into effect,
these 1985 emissions could be limited to 7.61 Gg/yr.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Petroleum industry, 'Vacuum
distillation, 'Air pollution control, Hydrocarbons, Sub-
stitutes, Regulations, Forecasting, Standards,
Sources, State government, New source performance
standards, Emission factors.
PB-281 305/3 PC A04/MF A01
Research Highlights, 1977. Annual rept. for 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 77,69p* EPA/600/9-77/044
428 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The results described in the report represent taut a few
of the projects supported by the Office of Research
and Development in 1977. The program ranges from
direct support to EPA's regulatory functions, such as
cancer assessment and drinking water purification, to
investigations of long-term phenomena, such as the
ozone layer analyses. It ranges from technologies to
clean up car exhausts to technologies to clean up
power plant fumes, and from studies of how cells react
to carcinogens to studies of how people react to
energy development activities. In the report, there are
studies on cars, cancer, energy, water, pesticides,
coke ovens, ozone, cheese and waste. This is just a
sampling of the projects underway, selected for re-
views because they represent breakthroughs in re-
search, fill a practical technological void, are inherently
interesting, or have implications for the future.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Research management,
Cancer, Potable water, Ozone, Sulfates, Air pollution,
Electric utilities, Remote sensing, Aerial photography,
Materials recovery, Energy conservation, Geotnermai
prospecting, Automobiles, Waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Toxicity, Health, 'Environment protection, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act, Clean Air Act, Safe Drinking Water
Act of 1974, Waste recycling, Kepone, Whey.
j»B-281 306/1 PC A08/MF A01
User's Guide for PAL A Guasslan-Plume Algorithm
for Point, Area, and Line Sources,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
William B. Peterson. Feb 78,163p* EPA/600/4-78/
013
See also PB-229 771.
PAL is an acronym for this point, area, and line source
algorithm. PAL is a method of estimating short-term
dispersion using Gaussian-plume steady-state as-
sumptions. The algorithm can be used for estimating
concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at 30 recep-
tors for averaging times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a
limited number of point, area, and line sources (30 of
Bach type). Calculations are performed for each hour.
The hourly meteorological data required are wind di-
J*ctton, wind speed, stability class, and mixing height.
angle values of each of these four parameters are as-
sumed representative for the area modeled. This algo-
rithm is not intended for application to entire urban
areas but is intended rather, to assess the impact on
air Quality, on scales of tens to hundreds of meters, of
Portions of urban areas such as shopping centers,
jarge parking areas, and airports. Level terrain is as-
Kjywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, Algo-
"•nms, Concentration(Composltion), Atmospheric dlf-
j™on, Wind(Meteorology), Urban areas, Industrial
jastes, Stadiums, Parking facilities, Shopping centers,
^Torts, Computer programs, Fortran, 'Gaussian
Pjurne models, 'Air quality, Point sources, Nonpoint
•s, PAL computer program.
] 317/8 PC A07/MF A01
-trial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
S"flle Park, N.C.
"eosnsratlon of Calcium-Based SO2 Sorbsnts for
r*>Wbed-Bed Combustion: Engineering Evalua-
jy»- Annual rept Dec 75-Jan 77,
JjeMlnghouse Research and Development Center,
r^fburgh.Pa.
"•A. Newby, S. Katta,and0. L Keairns. Mar78,148p
pPA/600/7-78/039
SPT|tract EPA-68-02-2132
099 also report dated Sep 75, PB-246116.
"8 report gives results of an engineering evaluation
rj regeneration of calcium-based SO2 sorbents (lime-
S°n* and dolomite) for application in both atmospher-
"• " pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (FBC)
"is. Economics of FBC power plants, operated
„.neration, are projected based on current esti-
of regeneration process performance. Coal-
D,;^ reductive decomposition Is the regeneration
Jlrjjsa considered tor atmospheric FBC; three regen-
i schemes (two reductive decomposition proc-
ind a two-step process) are evaluated for pres-
I FBC. Estimated costs of FBC power plants
'regeneration are compared with costs of FBC
ts using once-through sorbent (no regeneration).
'economic feasibility of the regenerative system
"""i on several variables, including in particular
•r concentration achievable in the regenerator
off-gas, the reduction in fresh sorbent feed rate possi-
ble through regeneration, and the cost of fresh sorbent
and of solid residue disposal. The performance re-
quired for the regenerative FBC system to achieve
economic feasibility is projected, and critical develop-
ment needs are discussed. An integrated regeneration
system for both atmospheric and pressurized FBC, ca-
pable ot achieving the performance necessary, has yet
to be demonstrated experimentally.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, "Sulfur dioxide,
'Air pollution control, 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Electric
power plants, Regeneration(Engineering), Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Limestone, Dolomite, Eco-
nomics, Performance evaluation, Sulfur, Materials re-
covery, Carbon dioxide, Design criteria, Process chart-
ing, Scrubbers, Assessments, 'Waste recycling.
PB-281 318/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Report on East Lake Tohopekallga, Oscelola
County, Florida. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrbphication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,46p Working Paper-249
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'East Lake Tohopekaliga,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Florida, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Osceola
County(Florida).
PB-281 319/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Report on Doctors Lake, Clay County, Florid*.
Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,42p WORKING PAPER-247
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Doctors Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Clay County(Florida).
PB-281 320/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Four Novel Fin* Particulars Collec-
tion Devices. Final rept. Jul 74-Dec 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
S. Calvert, S. C. Yung, H. Barbarika, and R. G.
Patterson. Mar 78,121 p EPA/600/2-78/062
Contract EPA-68-02-1496
The report gives results of an experimental perform-
ance evaluation of four novel fine particulate control
devices: the Johns-Manvllle Cleanable High-Efficiency
Air Filtration (CHEAP) System, the APS Electrostatic
Scrubber, the APS Electrotube, and the TRW Charged
Droplet Scrubber. The evaluations included measure-
ment of inlet and outlet particle size distribution and
concentration with cascade impactor and diffusion bat-
tery. Fine particle collection efficiencies were comput-
ed from the data, as functions of particle size. Math-
ematical performance models were developed for the
CHEAF system and the APS scrubber. The models
gave satisfactory predictions.
Keywords: 'Fines, "Air pollution control equipment,
Particles, Air filters, Scrubbers, Particle size distribu-
tion, Mathematical models, Performance evalution,
CHEAF system, APS electrostatic scrubbers, APS
electrotubes, TRW Changed droplet scrubbers.
PB-281 321/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Trace Element Release from Fluid-
Ized-Bsd Combustion Systems. Final rept. Dec 75-
Jan 77,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
M. A. Alvin, E. P. O'Neill, L. N. Yannopoulos, and 0. L.
Keairns. Mar 78,102p EPA/600/7-78/050
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also report dated Sep 75, PB-246 116.
The report gives results of an investigation of four
trace elements: lead, beryllium, mercury, and fluorine.
The chemical fate of minor and trace elements is im-
portant in assessing the environmental impact of the
fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) process and, for cer-
tain elements, in determining the potential for deposits
or corrosion in process equipment. Equilibrium product
distributions for these elements, at operating condi-
tions corresponding to atmospheric and pressurized
FBC systems, are projected on the basis of thermody-
namic calculations. Results show which elements are
likely to be volatilized in the high-temperature zone of
the combustor and which are likely to condense on
cooling the gases. The projections are compared with
available experimental plant data. Alternatives for con-
tinuously monitoring the release of the four toxic trace
elements In the laboratory were also investigated. The
thermodynamic analysis shows that essentially all the
lead, mercury, fluorine, and beryllium can be volatilized
in the FB combustor. Partial beryllium and fluorine con-
densation in the form of clay and alkali compounds will
occur. Lead condensation is affected by the chlorine
available. These thermodynamic projections provide a
basis for experimental and monitoring studies. Initial
plant data generally confirm the projections.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Fluidized bed proc-
essing, "Trace elements, 'Electric power plants,
Lead(Metal), Beryllium, Mercury(Metal), Fluorine,
Thermodynamics, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composltion), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Laboratory equipment, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Chemical equilibrium, Chemical
reactions, Monitoring,' Fluidized bed combustion, 'Air
pollution detection, Flame emission spectroscopy.
PB-281 322/8 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Fugitive Emission* from Integrated Iron and Stsel
Pl*nt*. Final Jun 75-Jun 77,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Russel Bohn, Thomas Cuscino, Jr., and Chatten
Cowherd, Jr. Mar 78, 262p EPA/600/2-78/050
Contract EPA-88-02-2120
The report gives results of an engineering investigation
of fugitive (non-ducted) emissions in the iron and steel
industry. Operations excluded from the study are coke
ovens, basic oxygen furnace (BQF) charging, and blast
furnace cast houses. Fugitive emission factors for iron
and steel sources were compiled from the literature
and from contact with industry sources. Field testing of
particulate emissions from materials handling oper-
ations and from traffic on paved and unpaved roads
was utilized to develop improved emission factors for
open fugitive emission sources. Ranking fugitive
sources on the basis of typically controlled fugitive
emissions of fine particulates (< 5 microns in diame-
ter) indicates that electric furnaces, vehicular traffic,
BOFs, storage pile activities, and sintering, in decreas-
ing order, are the most important sources of fugitive
emissions studied. Substantial progress has been
made in developing devices and methods (or emission
capture and removal. However, major problems exist
in retrofitting proposed systems to existing operations.
There is also a serious lack of data on uncontrolled
emission quantities, control device effectiveness, and
control costs.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Sources, Forecasting, Process charting, Dust,
Furnaces, Metal scrap, Sintering furnaces, Hot work-
ing, Metals, Slagging, Technology, Surveys, Particles,
December 1983 429
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Stock piles, Pouring, Scarfing, Materials handling, Traf-
fic, Wind erosion, Fugitive emissions, Emission fac-
tors.
PB-281 328/5 PC A10/MF A01
Illinois Lands Surface Mined for Coal,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Cooperative Wild-
life Research Lab.
Ronnie J. Haynes, and W. D. Klimstra. Jun 75,216p
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Inst. for Environ-
mental Quality, Chicago.
The Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, South-
em Illinois University at Carbondale, during 1970 and
1971 surveyed all lands in Illinois affected by surface
mining for coal as of June 30, 1971. The purpose of
this survey was to update existing knowledge of the
acreage, ownership, condition, and utilization of these
lands.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Mine sur-
veys, Environmental surveys, Data acquisition, Mine
waters, Refuse, Regional planning, Illinois.
PB-281 331/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Energy Requirements for Controlling SO2 Emis-
sions from Coal-Fired Steam/Electric Generators.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
W. C. Thomas. Jan 78,136p* EPA/450/3-77/050A
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also PB-281 332.
The report is an analysis of the energy required by var-
ious methods of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions
from coal-fired boilers. The energy required for lime-
stone, lime double alkali, magnesium slurry, and Well-
man-Lord/Allied flue gas scrubbing systems is dis-
cussed. The variation of energy requirements with coal
sulfur content, emission level achieved and plant size
is presented. The energy required to transport low
sulfur coal to the mid-west or to physically clean sulfur
from the coal is presented also.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Energy
consumption, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Scrubbers, Boilers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Limestone, Calcium oxides, Design
criteria, Comparison, Performance evaluation, 'Coal
fired power plants, Dual alkali scrubbing, Limestone
scrubbing, Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Wellman proc-
ess.
PB-281 332/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Energy Requirements for Controlling SO2 Emis-
sions from Coal-Fired Steam/Electric Generators
- Executive Summary. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
W. C. Thomas. Jan 78,18p* EPA/450/3-77/050B
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also PB-281 331.
The report is an executive summary of the main report.
The main report is an analysis of the energy required
by various methods of reducing sulfur dioxide emis-
sions from coal-fired boilers. The energy required for
limestone, lime, double alkali, magnesium slurry, and
Wellman-Lord/Allied flue gas scrubbing systems Is
presented. The variation of energy requirements with
coal sulfur content, emission level achieved and plant
size is presented. The energy required to transport low
sulfur coal to the mid-west or to physically clean sulfur
from the coal is presented also.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Energy
consumption, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Scrubbers, Boilers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Limestone, Calcium oxides, Design
criteria, Comparison, 'Coal fired power plants, Dual
alkali scrubbing, Limestone scrubbing, Magnesium
oxide scrubbing, Wellman process.
PB-281 333/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Impact of Modification/Reconstruction of Steam
Generators on SO2 Emissions. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Mark I. Bernstein, Paul F. Fennelly, Robert R. Hall, and
Douglas Roeck. Dec 77,29p GCA-TR-77-21-G, EPA/
450/3-77/048
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
This report discusses the terms 'modification' and 're-
construction' as related to New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for S02 emissions from coal-fired
boilers greater than 250 million Btu per hour input. An
analysis of current boiler technology indicates there
are few physical or operational changes that would
qualify as modifications or reconstruction in the sense
of altering S02 emissions from a boiler system. This is
true because SO2 emissions are a function of the
sulfur content of the fuel and are not affected by fur-
nace and boiler design and operating parameters. Two
situations which could be construed as modifications
affecting SO2 emissions would be conversion of a
wood burning facility to coal or the use coal/oil slurries
in a boiler originally designed for oil. Neither of these
are expected to be widespread occurrences. First,
there are few wood-fired boilers in the size range cov-
ered by NSPS and, secondly, it Is doubtful there would
be any incentive for such units to switch from a cheap
waste fuel to a more expensive primary fuel. Boilers
using coal/oil slurries have only recently been pro-
posed and are still at an experimental stage. Also dis-
cussed in this report are some of the constraints that
could inhibit an existing facility from installing flue gas
desulfurization equipment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Revisions, Technology, Coal, Wood, Electric
power plants, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
New source performance standards, 'Coal fired power
plants.
PB-281 362/4 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
The NBS Program for Standards for Trace Organ-
ic Analysis In the Marine Environment. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
H. S. Hertz, S. N. Chesler, W. E. May, S. A. Wise, and
L. R.Hilpert.Oct77,16p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Pub. in Proceedings of Environmental Effects of
Energy Related Activities on Marlne/Estuarlne Eco-
systems, Newport, R.I. Mar 77 p227-242 Oct 77.
The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) is currently
conducting a research program to develop standards
for trace organic analysis in the marine environment. In
this paper, the authors summarize the results of these
analyses for petroleum-in-sediment and petroleum-in-
biota reference materials, marker compounds, and
concentration techniques for polar organic materials.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, Organic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Petroleum products,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Stand-
ards, 'Water pollution detection, Standard reference
materials.
PB-281 366/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Effect of Flue Gas Desulfurization Availability
on Electric Utilities. Volume I. Executive Sum-
mary. Final task rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
R. D. Delleney. Mar 78,43p* RAD-78-200-187-07-13,
EPA/600/7-78/031A
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of an analysis of the effect of
the availability of a flue gas desulfurization system on
the ability of an individual power plant to generate
electricity at its rated capacity. (The availability of any-
thing is the fraction of time it is capable of service,
whether or not it is actually in service.) Also analyzed
are its effects on a power generating system (a group
of several coal-, oil-, and gas- fired power plants plus
nuclear and hydroelectric plants).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Assessments, Standards, Performance eval-
uation, Forecasting, Design criteria, New source per-
formance standards.
PB-281 367/3 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Effect of Flue Gas Desulfurization Availability
on Electric Utilities. Volume II. Technical Report.
Final task rept. Apr-Dec 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
R. D. Delleney. Mar 78, 99p' EPA/600/7-78/031 B
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of an analysis of the effect of
the availability of a flue gas desulfurization system on
the ability of an individual power plant to generate
electricity at its rated capacity. (The availability of any-
thing is the fraction of time it is capable of service,
whether or not it is actually in service.) Also analyzed
are its effects on a power generating system (a group
of several coal-, oil-, and gas- fired power plants plus
nuclear and hydroelectric plants).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Assess-
ments, Flue gases, Standards, New source perform-
ance standards.
PB-281 368/1 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Performance Evaluation of the Aerated Lagoon
pt. 1 Aug
75-31 Jul 77,
System at Wlndber, Pennsylvania. Final rept. 1 Aug
Pittsburgh Univ. at Johnstown, Pa. Div. of Natural Sci-
ences.
Charles M. Earnest, Edward A. Vizzini, Doris L. Brown,
and James L. Harris. Mar 78,295p EPA/600/2-78/
023
Grant EPA-R-803975
Publicly-owned wastewater treatment lagoons are in
extensive use throughout the United States today.
However, the long term data needed to conduct a
proper evaluation of lagoon design to meet Federal
Secondary Treatment Standards Tiave been lacking.
This report presents the data collected over a one-
year monitoring period of the Windber, Pennsylvania,
treatment facility. The Windber treatment system was
found to perform very well. Federal Secondary Treat-
ment Standards for suspended solids, fecal conform
pH and BODS were consistently met. Through the
project, the BOD removal was excellent except lor the
month of July. This appeared to be related to the
'solids upset' of Cell Number 1. In addition to BOD,
several other parameters were affected by the 'solids
upset' of Cell Number 1. In addition to the parameters
for which Federal Standards have been established,
many others were monitored and are presented in
summary form along with a complete listing of all the
data gathered during the study period. As a result of
this study, it is apparent that this well-designed, aer-
ated, multi-celled lagoon system is certainly capable of
meeting the July 1977 secondary treatment standards,
under the conditions prevailing at the time of this
study.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
Sampling, Pennsylvania, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Chemical analysis, Standards, pH,
Chemical properties, Sites, Tables(Data), Biochemical
oxygen demand, Aeration, Coliform bacteria, Regula-
tions, 'Secondary sewage treatment, Water pollution
detection, Windber(Pennsylvania), Water pollution
sampling.
PB-281 370/7 PC A02/MF A01
Volatility of Mercury from Soils Amended with
Various Mercury Compounds.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Robert D. Rogers. Apr 78,15p EPA/600/3-78/046
A study was conducted to determine the rate of mer-
cury volatilization from soils freshly amended with mer-
cury compounds. Mercuric nitrate, mercuric chloride,
mercuric acetate, mercuric oxide, and mercuric sulfkM
were used in conjunction with three soils: a loamy
sand, a sand loam, and a clay loam. Mercury was
evolved from all combinations and was shown to be
dependent upon the solubility of the mercury com-
pound and the texture of the soil.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Mercury(Metals), -Vaporiz-
ing, Solubility, Mercury compounds.
430 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-281 380/6 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
A Comparison of Oxidation Ditch Plant* to Com-
peting Processes tor Secondary and Advanced
Treatment of Municipal Wastes,
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, Eldor-
ado Hills, Calif.
William F. Ettlich. Mar 78, 192p* EPA/600/2-78/051
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
This report includes information relating to oxidation
ditch plant plant equipment, design and application,
operational problems and advantages, operation and
maintenance requirentbnts, construction costs, and ni-
trification and nitrogen removal applications. Much of
the information is based on visits to and analysis of
data from actual operating installations. In addition, the
oxidation ditch plant characteristics are compared to
those of competing biological treatment processes. Ni-
trification and nitrogen removal capabilities of the oxi-
dation ditch process are also compared to various bio-
logical and physical-chemical processes.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, "Oxidation, "Activated
sludge process, Design criteria, Nitrification, Nitrogen,
Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Aeration,
"Secondary sewage treatment, 'Oxidation ditch
plants, Physical chemical treatment, Biological indus-
trial waste treatment.
PB-281 381/4 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Integrating Desalination and Agricultural Salinity
Control Alternatives. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Wynn R. Walker. Apr 78, f 94p EPA/600/2-78/074
Grant EPA-R-803869
The cost-effectiveness relationships for various agri-
cultural and desalination alternatives for controlling sa-
linity in irrigation return flows are developed. Selection
of optimal salinity management strategies on a river
basin scale is described as a problem of integrating
optimal strategies with Individual subbasins and Irrigat-
ed valleys. Desalination systems include seven proc-
esses: (1) Multi-stage distillation; (2) vertical tube
svaporation in conjunction with (1); (3) a vapor com-
pression form of (2); (4) electrodialysis; (5) reverse os-
mosis; (6) vacuum freezing-vapor compression; and
JO Ion exchange. Agricultural salinity control alterna-
tes Include conveyance linings, irrigation scheduling,
automation, sprinkler irrigation systems, and trickle irri-
Qatlon systems. A case study of the Grand Valley In
western Colorado is presented to demonstrate the
Dialysis developed.
Keywords: 'Coat effectiveness, "Desalting, "Irrigation,
Water pollution control, Optimization, Salinity, Dlstllla-
™on, Evaporation, Osmosis, Vacuum appartus, Freez-
nB, Electrodialysis, Mathematical models, Efficiency,
unings, Scheduling, Automation, Computer programs,
°st analysis, Grand Valley, Colorado, "Return flow,
osmosis, "Desalination processes.
391/3 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
gnomics of Disposal of Lime/Limestone Scrub-
S*»« Wastes: Untreated and Chemically Treated
Final rept. Mar 76-Jun 77,
Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle
'• Barrier, H. L. Faucett, and L. J. Henson. Feb 78,
f>* BULL-Y-123, EPA/600/7-78/023A
2* report gives results of a detailed, comparative
gnomic evaluation of four alternatives available to
o^wiity industry for the disposal of wastes from flue
oesulfurlzauon using limestone or lime slurry
' ' a. The alternatives are untreated sludge (pond
I) and sludge chemically treated by three com-
processes-Dravo's Synearth process (pond
landfill), i.u. Conversion Systems' Poz-O-Tec
""> (landfill), and Chemfix's ultimate disposal
inS"* (landfill), all assumed to be technically proven
^applicable to full-scale Installations. The base
' each alternative is a new 500 MW power plant
J coal with 3.5% sulfur, 16% ash, and 10,500
; heating value. A limestone wet scrubber (1.5
) was used to remove flyash and SO2 to
i Performance Standards. Underflow
from the scrubber to the waste disposal system is a
15% solids slurry. A total of 121 system design and op-
eration variations were prepared for the alternative
processes. Total capital investments, annual revenue
requirements, and lifetime revenue requirements for
power plants operating over both declining- and con-
stant- load 30-year profiles are included for the 121
cases. Investment and revenue requirements vary
considerably for the 121 cases. The most economical
disposal alternative cannot be determined from gener-
alities since costs depend on such site-specific varia-
bles as plant size, remaining life, land availability and
cost, and coal analysis.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Sludge disposal, "Scrubbers, "Economic analy-
sis, "Electric power plants, Calcium oxides, Limestone,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Lagoons(Ponds), Earth fills, Equipment, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Comparison, Capitalized
costs, Standards, Coal, Design criteria, "Limestone
scrubbing, Wet methods, "Sludge treatment, New
source performance standards, Dravo process, IUCS
process, Chemfix process.
PB-281 401/0 PC A04/MF A01
Parallel Evaluation of Constant and Diurnal Flow
Treatment Systems,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Jon H. Bender. Mar 78,72p EPA/600/2-78/034
Pilot plant studies were performed to evaluate the ef-
fects of an imposed diurnal flow pattern on a conven-
tional activated sludge treatment plant. These results
were compared against data generated on a similar
system treating a constant flow. Effects on primary
clarifier and final clarifier performance as well as solu-
ble or organic removals were evaluated. Other effects
on general plant stability were noted.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, "Performance evaluation, Pilot plants, Clarifiers,
uniform flow. Waste water, Diurnal variations, Nonuni-
form flow, Efficiency.
PB-281 402/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Pleasant, Martcopa, and Yavapal Counties,
Arizona. Final rept.,
National Eutrophication Survey, Us Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,34p WORKING PAPER-732
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the L'.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Pleasant, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arizona, Eutrophication,
"Water quality data, Maricopa County(Arizona), Yava-
pal County (Arizona).
PB-281 403/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Dora, Lake County, Florida.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,40p WORKING PAPER-248
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Dora, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds. Water
quality management, Florida, Eutrophication, "Water
quality data, Lake County(Florida).
PB-281 422/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Crushed Limestone, State of
the Art. Final task rept. Aug 75-Feb 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
P. K. Chalekode, T. R. Blackwood, and S. R. Archer.
Apr 78,65p* MRC-DA-747, EPA/600/2-78/004E
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-279171.
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from the crushed limestone industry. Crushed
limestone plants emit participates from drilling, blast-
ing, transport on unpaved roads, crushing, screening,
conveying, and stockpiling. The emission factor for
total participate from a representative plant producing
450 metric tons/hr of product Is 3.5 g/metric ton. Ve-
hicular movement on unpaved roads contributes 66%
of the overall emissions and approximately 38% of the
resplrable paniculate emissions. The hazardous con-
stituent in the dust is free silica (1.2% by weight). Nitro-
gen oxides and carbon monoxide are emitted by the
blasting operation, but their emission factors are small
in comparison to that of paniculate emissions. In order
to evaluate the potential environmental effect of
crushed limestone plants, source severity was defined
as the ratio of the maximum time-averaged ground
level concentration of an emission to the ambient air
quality standard for criteria pollutants or to a modified
TLV for noncriterla pollutants. The maximum source
severity for particulates is 0.032; for free silica In the
respirable paniculate emissions, it is 0.12. Emissions
from this industry in 1978 are estimated to be the same
as they were in 1972.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Limestone, "Indus-
trial wastes, Assessments, Sources, Silicon dioxide.
Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Design
criteria, Forecasting, Technology, Emission factors,
State of the art, Crushed limestone industry.
PB-281 423/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Rubber Processing, State of
the Art. Final task rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
C. T. Chi, T. W. Hughes, T. E. Ctvrtnicek, D. A. Horn,
and R. W. Serth. Mar 78,135p* MRC-DA-730, EPA/
600/2-78/004J
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
This report summarizes data on air emissions from the
production of vulcanized elastomers (rubbers) and fab-
rication of rubber products. Hydrocarbons and particu-
lates are emitted from various operations. Hydrocar-
bon emissions consist of monomers, rubber chemi-
cals, and solvents which are volatilized during proc-
essing. Paniculate emissions consist primarily of
carbon black, soapstone, zinc oxide, and other materi-
als emitted from compounding, grinding, and talc dust-
ing operations. To assess the environmental impact of
this Industry, source severity was defined as the ratio
of the time-averaged maximum ground level concen-
tration of a pollutant emitted from a representative
plant to the ambient air quality standard (for criteria
pollutants) or to a reduced threshold limit value (for
noncriterla pollutants). Source severities were greater
than or equal to 1 for the following operations: the bu-
tadiene absorption vent In emulsion SBR production,
the drying operation in solution SBR production, green
tire spraying and curing operations In the tire industry,
and rubber cementing In the rubber footwear Industry.
Emissions from rubber processing are expected to In-
crease 15% over the period 1975 to 1980.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Rubber industry, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Hydrocarbons, Particles, Vulcanizing,
Forecasting, Elastomers, Sources, Assessment,
Carbon black, Zinc oxides, Tires, Rubber adhesives,
Design criteria, Styrene butadiene resins, Soapstone,
Emission factors, State of the art.
PB-281 462/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
December 1983 431
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Luna Lake, Apache County, Arizona. Final rept.
1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,40p WORKING PAPER-729
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: *Water pollution, *Luna Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassav, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arizona, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Apache County(Arizona).
PB-281 469/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Boiler Design and Operating Variables Affecting
Uncontrolled Sulfur Emissions from Pulverized
Coal-Fired Steam Generators. Final rept.,
AcurexCorp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
Carlo Castaldini, and Meredith Angwin. Dec 77,80p
EPA/450/3-77/047
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report presents an analysis of the data from eight
field test reports for twenty-one steam generator/coal
type combinations. The data were analyzed to deter-
mine boiler design and operating variables which
affect SO2 emissions, the extent to which emissions
were affected, and trends in conversion of sulfur in
coal to S02, SOS, and solid sulfates.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Coal, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfates, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Field tests, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Electric power plants, Sulfur, Steam
power plants, Coal fired power plants, 'Emission fac-
tors.
PB-2S1 477/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 4. Carbon Black Industry. Initial rept. Aug
75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Richard W. Gerstle, John R. Richards, Terry B.
Parsons, and Charles E. Hudak. Feb 77,43p* EPA/
600/2-77/023d
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental
Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. See also report
dated Jan 77, PB-273 649.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The carbon black industry is a distinctive part of the
chemical industry, which processes hydrocarbon feed-
stocks (mainly heavy oils) into finely divided carbon
black particle for use largely in tires and, to a lesser
extent, pigments, cement, and cosmetics. The industry
sole products are various grades of carbon black. Two
industrial process flow diagrams and four process de-
scriptions have been prepared to characterize the in-
dustry. Within each process description available data
have been presented on input materials, operating pa-
rameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data
related to the subject matter, including feedstock char-
acteristics, company listings and atmospheric emis-
sions are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Carbon bjack, Organic compounds, Process charting,
Design criteria, Hydrocarbons, Manufacturers, List-
ings.
PB-281 478/8 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 6. The Industrial Organic Chemicals In-
dustry. Initial rept. Aug 75-Nov 76,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Raimond Liepins, Forest Mixon, Charles Hudak, and
Terry B. Parsons. Feb 77,1014p* EPA/600/2-77/
023F
Contract EPA-68-02-1325
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin,
Tex. See also report dated Jan 77, PB-266 224.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the U.S.
Entries for each industry are in consistent format and
form separate chapters of the study. Industrial organic
chemicals are the product of at least one chemical re-
action in this industry and will undergo at least one ad-
ditional treatment step in a downstream processing in-
dustry. These compounds are intermediate materials
in the manufacture of such products as plastics, syn-
thetic fibers, Pharmaceuticals and surfactants among
others. The industry is discussed in terms of ten feecf
stock groups: benzene, butylenes, sources of cresylic
acids, ethylene, methane, naphthalene, paraffins, pro-
pylene, toluene and xylenes. Ten chemical trees, ten
process flow sheets and 365 process descriptions
have been prepared to characterize the industry.
Within each process description available data have
been presented on function, input materials, operating
parameters, utilities, waste streams, EPA Source Clas-
sification Code and references. Data related to the
subject matter, including company, product and raw
material data, are included as appendices. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Petrochemical
industry, 'Industrial wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications),
Organic compounds, Chemical industry, Petroleum in-
dustry, Benzene, Butenes, Cresylic acid, Ethylene,
Methane, Naphthalene, Propylene, Chemical reac-
tions, Solvents, Toluene, Xylene, Alkanes,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Process charting.
PB-281 479/6 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 7. Organic Dyes and Pigments Industry.
Rept. for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Thomas R. Steadman, Eleanor W. Helper, T. Parsons,
G. E. Wilkins, and N. P. Phillips. Feb 77,362p* EPA/
600/2-77/023G
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-266 225. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The organic dyes and pigments industry is engaged in
the conversion of purchased organic chemicals, usual-
ly eyelid benzenoids, into more complex intermediates
and ultimately Into dyes and pigments. Forty-two
chemical trees, thirty-four process flow sheets, and
forty-eight process descriptions have been prepared
to characterize the industry. Within each process de-
scription available data have been presented on input
materials, operating parameters, utility requirements,
and waste streams. Data related to the subject matter,
including company, product, and raw material data, are
included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Dyes, "Pigments, Organic compounds, Process
charting, Design criteria, Hydrocarbons, Manufactur-
ers, Listings.
PB-281 480/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 9. The Synthetic Rubber Industry. Rept.
for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Jerry Parr, Terry B. Parsons, and Nancy P. Phillips. Feb
77,97p* EPA/600/2-77/0231
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 479.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The synthetic rubber industry is comprised of compa-
nies which produce a synthetic vulcanized elastomer
by polymerization or copolymerization of monomers
derived from petroleum or natural gas. The industry is
discussed in three operations: (1) Emulsion Crumb
Production, (2) Latex Production, and (3) Solution
Crumb Production. Three process flow sheets and
seventeen process descriptions have been prepared
to characterize the industry. Within each process de-
scription available data have been presented on input
materials, operating parameters, utility requirements
and waste streams. Data related to the subject matter,
including company, product and raw material data, are
included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
•Rubber industry, 'Synthetic elastomers, Organic
compounds, Process charting, Design criteria, Hydro-
carbons, Manufacturers, Syntnesis(Chemistry), Polym-
erization, Listings.
PB-281 481/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 11. The Synthetic Fiber Industry. Rept. for
Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Jerry L. Parr. Feb 77, 58p* EPA/600/2-77/023K
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 482.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
Synthetic fibers are defined as noncellulosic fiber of
synthetic origin. The category includes manufactured
fibers in which the fiber-forming substances is a long-
chain, organic synthetic polymer. Cellulosic fibers such
as rayon and acetate and the inorganic fibers such as
boron, fiberglass, and graphite are excluded. Synthetic
fiber industry activities start with a synthetic, long-
chain polymer and terminate with the formation of a
marketable filament or thread-like material. One proc-
ess flow sheet and six process descriptions have been
prepared to characterize the industry. Three of the
process descriptions are involved with filament forma-
tion and three describe fiber treatment. Within each
process description available data have been present-
ed on input materials, operating parameters, utility re-
quirements and waste streams. Data related to the
subject matter, including company and product data,
are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Textile industry,
•Synthetic fibers, Organic compounds, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Hydrocarbons, Polymerization,
Manufacturers, Listings.
PB-281 482/0 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 15. Brine and Evaporlte Chemicals Indus-
try. Rept. for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
P. E. Muehlberg, B. P. Shepherd, J. T. Redding, H. C.
Behrens, and Terry Parsons. Feb 77,324p* EPA/600/
2-77/023O
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
Prepared in cooperation with Dow Chemical Co., Free-
port, Tex. See also PB-281 483.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The Brine and Evaporite Chemicals Industry encom-
passes all first-level inorganic compounds derived
from subterranean brines, from existing or historic salt
lakes, and from sea water. Certain second-level inor-
ganic compounds derived from these sources are in-
cluded when produced in the same facility as the
432 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
parent compound. The industry is discussed in six seg-
ments: (1) Borax and Boric Acid, (2) Chlorine-Caustic,
(3) Lithium Chemicals, (4) Magnesium Metal, (5)
Potash and (6) Sodium Metal. One chemical tree,
twenty-two process flow sheets, and sixty-seven proc-
ess descriptions have been prepared to characterize
the industry. Within each process description available
data have been presented on input materials, operat-
ing parameters, utility requirements and waste
streams. Data relating to the subject matter, including
company, product and raw material data, are included
as appendices.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Brines, Inorganic compounds, Process charting,
Design criteria, Sea water, Lakes, Boric acids, Borax,
Chlorine inorganic compounds, Manufacturers, Lith-
ium inorganic compounds, Magnesium, Potassium car-
bonates, Sodium, Listings.
PB-281 483/8 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab. -Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 16. The Fluorocarbon-Hydrogen Florlde
Industry. Rept. tor Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
H- E. Doorenbus, and Terry Parsons. Feb 77, 1 19p*
EPA/600/2-77/023P
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 484. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical U. S. A., Midland, Mich. Michigan Div.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The materials of the fluorocarbon-hydrogen fluoride in-
dustry consist primarily of chemically and thermally
stable organofluoro compounds which generally have
hpntoxic and nonflammable qualities. The industry is
discussed in two segments: (1) Fluorocarbon Produc-
tion and (2) Hydrogen Fluoride Production. One chemi-
°al tree, fourteen process flow sheets and twenty-nine
Process descriptions have been prepared to charac-
terize the industry. Within each process description
available data have been presented on input materials,
operating parameters, utility requirements and waste
streams. Data related to the subject matter, including
company, product and raw material data, are included
as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalqgs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
Hydrogen fluoride, 'Fluorine organic compounds, Or-
ganic compounds, Process charting, Design criteria,
Hydrocarbons, Manufacturers, Listings.
fB-281 484/6 PC A04/MF A01
gdustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 17. The Gypsum and Wallboard Industry.
gept. for Aug 75-Nov 76,
gadian Corp., Austin, Tex.
L- E. Muehlberg., B. P. Shepherd, and Terry Parsons.
£eb77, 52p* EPA/600/2-77/023Q
Contract EPA-68-02 131 9
'Gypsum, 'Wallboard, Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Manufacturers, Listings.
PB-281 485/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter IB. The Lime Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
A. C. Doumas, B. P. Shepherd, P. E. Muehlberg, Terry
Parsons, and Glynda E. Wilkins. Feb 77,57p* EPA/
600/2-77/023R
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 486. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The lime industry comprises operations which mine
dolomite on limestone deposits or dredge oyster shells
and process these carbonate materials into lump,
crushed or pulverized calcined products. The chief
products in this category are quicklime, slaked or hy-
drated lime, dolime, and hydrated dolime. One chemi-
cal tree, one process flow sheet and six process de-
scriptions have been prepared to characterize the in-
dustry. Within each process description available data
have been presented on input materials, operating pa-
rameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data
related to the subject matter, including company, prod-
uct and raw material data, are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Lime, Organic compounds, Process charting, Design
criteria, Hydrocarbons, Calcium oxides, Dolomite,
Manufacturers, Listings.
PB-281 486/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 19. The Clay Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. T. Reding, K. E. Bishop, P. E. Meuhlberg, B. P.
Shepherd, and Terry Parsons. Feb 77, 69p' EPA/600/
2-77/023S
Contract EPA-68-02 1319
See also PB-281 487. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The clay industry is involved in mining of clay minerals,
beneficfating of clay minerals, and brickmaking. The In-
dustry is discussed in two segments: (1) Clay Produc-
tion and (2) Brick Manufacture. One chemical tree, two
process flow sheets and nine process descriptions
have been prepared to characterize the industry.
Within each process description available information
has been provided on input materials, operating pa-
rameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data
£ee also PB-281 485. Prepared in cooperation with rameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data
°ow Chemical Co Freeport Tex related to the subject matter, including company, prod-
_ uct and raw material data, are included as appendices.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
united States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
°ht format and form separate chapters of the study.
' JJe gypsum and wallboard industry comprises oper-
ations which mine gypsum deposits and process the
mined gypsum rock into crushed or pulverized uncaj-
cined gypsum, pulverized calcined gypsum and a di-
versity of prefabricated gypsum-core board products.
S'ne chemical tree, one process flow sheet and nine
Process descriptions have been prepared to charac-
terize the industry. Within each process description
"yailable data have been presented on input materials,
rPeratlng parameters, utility requirements and waste
•"earns. Data related to the subject matter, Including
Company, product and raw matenal data, are included
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publlcations), 'Chemical industry,
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical Industry,
Clay, Organic compounds, Process charting, Design
criteria, Hydrocarbons, Bricks, Manufacturers, Listings,
'Clay industry.
PB-281 487/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 20. The Mica Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. T. Reding, K. E. Bishop, P. E. Muehlberg, B. P.
Shepherd, and Terry Parsons. Feb 77,40p* EPA/600/
2-77/023T
Contract EPA-66-02-1319
See also PB-281 488. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity In the
United States. Entries for each industry are In consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
Mica is a group name for a number of complex hydrous
potassium-aluminum silicate minerals characterized by
excellent cleavage and by a high degree of flexibility,
elasticity, and toughness of extremely thin cleavage
flakes. The Mica industry has been divided Into two
segments for consideration: (1) Mica Production and
(2) Mica Disc Production. One chemical tree, two proc-
ess flow sheets and nine process descriptions have
been prepared to characterize the industry. Within
each process description available data have been
presented on input materials, operating parameters,
utility requirements and waste streams. Data related to
the subject matter, including company, product and
raw material data, are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Mica, Organic compounds, Process charting, Design
criteria, Hydrocarbons, Manufacture.
PB-281 488/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 21. The Cement Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
P. E. Muehlberg, B. P. Shepherd, Terry Parsons, and
Glynda E. Wilkins. Feb 77, 52p* EPA/600/2-77/023U
Contract EPA-66-02-1319
See also PB-281 489. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an lid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The cement industry consists of companies producing
complex calcium-silicate-aluminate-ferrite materials
which when mixed with water form a binding material
for aggregates in 'concrete.' One chemical tree, one
process flow sheet, and six process descriptions have
been prepared to characterize the industry. Within
each process description available data have been
presented on input materials, operating parameters,
utility requirements and waste streams. Data related to
the subject matter, including company, product and
raw material data, are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publicatlons), Cement, Organic
compounds, Process charting, Design criteria, Hydro-
carbons, Concrete, Manufacturers, Listings, 'Cement
industry.
PB-281 489/5 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 22. The Phosphate Rock and Basic Fertil-
izer Materials Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
P. E. Muehlberg, J. T. Reding, B. P. Shepherd, Terry
Parsons, and Glynda E. Wilkins. Feb 77,212p* EPA/
600/2-77/023V
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 490. Prepared in cooperation with
Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Tex.
The catalog was developed to aid in defining the envi-
ronmental impacts of U.S. industrial activity. The phos-
phate rock and basic fertilizer materials Industry pro-
duces primarily large-tonnage quantities of both fin-
ished fertilizers and basic intermediates for fertilizers.
The industry includes companies and processes that
produce end products derived from phosphate rock
having uses other than as fertilizers. The Industry Is
discussed In eight operations: phosphate rock proc-
essing; ammonia synthesis; production of ammonia
sutfate, amonium nitrate, and urea; production of po-
tassium nitrate and liquid chlorine; production of am-
phates and calcium phosphates. One segment of the
industry is distinguished as, and entitled, 'Elemental
Phosphorus and Furnace Acid Segment.' One chemi-
December 1983 433
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cal tree, eight process flow sheets, and 45 process de-
scriptions characterize the industry. For each process
description, available data is presented on input mate-
rials, operating parameters, utility requirements, and
waste streams. Related information, provided as ap-
pendices, includes company, product and raw material
data.
Keywords: * Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Phosphate deposits, 'Fertilizers, Process charting,
Design criteria, Potassium nitrate, Calcium phos-
phates, Sodium phosphates, Ammonia,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Ammonium sulfate, Ammonium
nitrate, Manufacturers, Urea, Chlorine, Phosphorus,
Ammonium phosphates, Listings.
PB-281 490/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 23. Sulfur, Sulfur Oxides and Sulfurlc
Acid. Rept. for Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Richard W. Gerstle, Vishnu S. Katari, Terry Parsons,
and Charles Hudak. Feb 77, 75p* EPA/600/2-77/
023w
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo Environmental
Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. See also report
dated Feb 77, PB-266 226.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The sulfur industry is divided into two basic parts, ac-
cording to the types of products. The first part involves
those chemical processes which yield elemental sulfur
either from naturally occurring deposits or from hydro-
gen sulfide containing gas streams. The elemental
sulfur serves as one of the main raw materials for the
sulfur oxides and sulfuric acid production plants which
comprise the second part of the industry. Three indus-
trial process flow diagrams and twelve process de-
scriptions have been prepared to characterize the in-
dustry. Within each process description available data
have been presented on input materials, operating pa-
rameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data
related to the subject matter, including company and
product data, are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Chemical industry,
'Sulfur, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Sulfuric acid, Organic com-
pounds, Process charting, Design criteria, Hydrocar-
bons, Manufacturers, Listings.
PB-281 491/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 25. Primary Aluminum Industry. Rept. for
Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Terry Parsons. Feb 77,46p* EPA/600/2-77/023Y
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 492.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The primary aluminum industry as defined for this
study consists of processing bauxite ore to produce
alumina and occasionally aluminum hydroxide and
processing alumina to produce aluminum. The two
main industry segments are bauxite processing to alu-
mina and alumina processing to aluminum. These dis-
tinct and separate processes are not usually per-
formed at the same site. A third industry segment elec-
trode preparation is accomplished at the aluminum
production site. Three industrial process flow sheets
and nine process descriptions have been prepared to
characterize the industry. Within each process de-
scription available data have been presented on input
materials, operating parameters, utility requirements
and waste streams. Data related to the subject matter
including feedstock characteristics, and company/
product listings are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Aluminum industry,
Organic compounds, Process charting, Design criteria,
Hydrocarbons, Bauxite, Aluminum hydroxides, Alumi-
num oxide, Electrodes, Manufacturers, Listings.
PB-281 492/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 26. Titanium Industry. Rept. for Aug 75-
Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Vishnu S. Katari, Timothy W. Devitt, and Terry B.
Parsons. Feb 77, 67p* EPA/600/2-77/023Z
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also PB-281 491. Prepared in cooperation with
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
The titanium industry produces two principal products,
titanium metal and titanium dioxide. For purposes of
analyses, therefore, the industry is considered in two
segments: titanium metal production and titanium diox-
ide production. Two industrial process flow diagrams
and eleven process descriptions have been prepared
to characterize the industry. Within each process de-
scription available data have been presented on input
materials, operation parameters, utility requirements,
and waste stream. Data related to the subject matter,
including composition and properties of titanium prod-
ucts, as well as producer listings, are included as ap-
pendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Catalogs(Publications), 'Titanium, 'Titanium
dioxide, 'Metal industry, Organic compounds, Process
charting, Design criteria, Hydrocarbons, Metals, Manu-
facturers, Listings.
PB-281 506/6 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Pretreatment of the Combined Industrial-Domes-
tic Wastewaters of Hagerstown, Maryland.
Volume I. Final rept.,
Kappe Associates, Inc., Rockville, Md.
David S. Kappe. Mar 78,116p EPA/600/2-78-043A
The sewage treatment plant of the city of Hagerstown,
Maryland-a manufacturing city with about 130 industri-
al firms, which are classified in more than 25 different
product categories-receives for treatment domestic
sewage and a diversity of industrial waste and process
waters. Some of these industrial wastewaters exert
high immediate and ultimate oxygen demands that
could not be satisfied by the treatment plant or were
otherwise detrimental to the biological treatment proc-
esses of the treatment system. Therefore, certain
methods of 'pretreating' the city's combined
wastewaters to render these waters more amenable to
treatment by the existing treatment plant were tried
and evaluated. The pretreatment methods tested were
intended to assist the plant in meeting the oxygen de-
mands by providing initial oxidation. The methods
were: diffuse aeration with and without the addition of
waste activated sludge, chlorination, addition of
sodium nitrate, and the addition of potassium perman-
ganate. Ammoniation was also tried in an effort to de-
stroy some of the more noxious industrial materials in
the wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Urban areas, Performance evaluation, Oxida-
tion, Aeration, Sludge, Chlorination, Sodium nitrates,
Potassium permanganate, Ammonia, Efficiency, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Design, Sampling, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Industrial wastes, Industries,
Maryland, *Pretreatment(Water),
'Hagerstown(Maryland).
PB-281 514/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Powell, Coconlno County, Arizona. Qarfleld,
Kane, and San Juan Counties, Utah. Final rept.
1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,83p WORKING PAPER-733
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Powell, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arizona, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Coconino County(Arizona), Gar-
field County(Utah), Kane County(Utah), San Juan
County(Utah).
PB-281 515-SET MFI90.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Application for Certification for 1977 Model Year
Light/Heavy Duty Vehicles.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Mich.
1977,34274p-in25v
Set includes PB-277 550 thru PB-277 574.
No abstract available.
PB-281 516/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Theodore Roosevelt Lake, Glla County, Arizona.
Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,59p WORKING PAPER-735
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Theodore Roosevelt
Lake, Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Arizona, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Gila County(Arizona).
PB-281 517/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
San Carlos Reservoir, Glla, Qraham, and Plnal
Counties, Arizona. Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,46p WORKING PAPER-736
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'San Carlos Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Arizona, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Gila County(Arizona).
Graham County(Arizona), Pinal County(Arizona).
PB-281 518/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Rainbow Lake, Navalo County, Arizona. Final rept.
1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,46p WORKING PAPER-734
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
434 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Rainbow Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arizona, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Navajo County(Arizona).
PB-281 S28/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Development of a Large Sample Collector of Re-
•plrable Paniculate Matter. Research rept. 14 Jun
73-1 3 Apr 75,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
W. M. Henry, R. I. Mitchell, and Richard J. Thompson.
Jan 78, 54p EPA/600/4-78/009
Contract EPA-68-02-0752
A prototype sampler designed to collect paniculate
matter from air in sized fractions has been designed
and tested. The sampler excludes particles above 20
micrometers in diameter and collects fractions cen-
tered at 3.5 micrometers and 1.7 micrometers on Im-
paction plates and smaller particles by electrostatic
precipitation. The report includes test data, engineer-
ing drawings and materials list.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Fines, Particles, Design crite-
ria, Air pollution, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Public health, Sulfates, 'Air pollution detection, Air pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB-281 529/8 PC A03/MF A01
Partial Characterization of Chlorinated Organic*
n Superchlorlnated Septage* and Mixed Sludge*.
mhouse rept. 10 Feb-24 Jun 77,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Robert H. Wise, Thomas A. Pressley, and Barry M.
Austem. Mar 78, 30p EPA/600/2-78/020
The chlorinated organic materials produced by apply-
ing the proprietary Purifax process to a septage and a
"wed primary/secondary sludge were studied to
•*sess the types, amounts, and distribution of chlorin-
ated organics present. Total organic chlorine in the
solids phases was determined by Schoniger-flask
jjpmbustion. Concentrated hexane-ether extracts of
fie liquid phases were also analyzed for total organic
chlorine by mlcrocoulometric tltratlon; these same ex-
facts were then analyzed by GC/MS for Individual or-
9*nlc compounds. Hellum-purgeable organics In the
liquid phases were also determined by GC/MS. Liquid
Ptaaes from one Purifax Installation were analyzed for
roc, TDS, and TSS to furnish engineering cost data
'or applying filtration/carbon adsorption as a Purifax-
"*atment adjunct.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
-MTOrtne organic compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
Jfrortnation, Septic tanks, Volumetric analysis, Coulo-
{"wers, Extraction, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
»p*copy, Filtration, Carbon, Adsorption, Land dispos-
«, Sludge treatment, 'Purifax process.
530/6 PC A03/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, N.C.
H*cutrv* Summary for Full-Scale Dual-Alkali
gjjoiwtrrtlon at Louisville da* and Electric Co. -
r/Wmlnary Design and Cost Estimate. Executive
,mmary Oct 76-Dec 77
fcp"l»vHle Gas and Electric Co., Ky.
"•":•, VanNess, R. C. Somers, T. Frank, J. M. Lysaght,
J!00 L L. Jashnanl. Jan 78,33p EPA/600/7-78/010A
gWNract EPA-68-02-2189
p^Mfed by Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
/"Pared in cooperation with Combustion Equipment
^••ociates., Inc., New York.
„?* r«port Is the executive summary for the preliml-
design of the dual-alkali system, designed by
Equipment Associates, Inc./Arthur
c. and being installed to control SO2 emissions
018^11* Gas and Electric Company's Cane Run
o. e boiler. The project consists of four phase*:
uj'wtminary design and cost estimates; ll-engineer-
ttJ.re*On' construction, and mechanical testing; III-
^• and performance testing; and IV--1 year oper-
ation and testing. Developed as part of Phase I, the ex-
ecutive summary presents salient facts and conclu-
sions from the Phase I report for use by upper man-
agement and the general public.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Scrubbers, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Electric power plants, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Capitalized costs, Boilers, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, 'Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB-281 570/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lyman Lake, Apache County, Arizona. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,47p WORKING PAPER-730
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lyman lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Arizona, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Apache County(Arizona).
PB-281 572/8 PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Method* for the Determination of
Total Available Re*ldual Chlorine In Varlou*
Sample Matrices. Rept. for Mar-Nov 76,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
nati, Ohio.
Daniel F. Bender. Apr 78,40p EPA/600/4-78/019
Ten different methods for determining total available
residual chlorine, all based on the iodine-iodide reac-
tion, were tested without modification on four sample
matrices. Their precision was determined by seven
replicate determinations. Accuracy as compared to the
iodometric starch titration method, was determined in
terms of percent yield. Observations regarding advan-
tages, disadvantages, deviations from the expected
and problems, involved in the determination are re-
corded. The data are presented in tables arranged for
instructive purposes and in a figure intended to present
the data in reduced form for easier appraisal. The in-
formation obtained can be used by the analyst in de-
termining which method is most suitable for a particu-
lar matrix. The data show the importance of the nature
of the sample matrix. The necessity of comparing sev-
eral methods In order to be certain of the accuracy Is
also obvious given the data.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Water analysis, 'Chlo-
rine, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sewage treatment, Potable
water, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Comparison, Res-
idues, Laboratory equipment, volumetric analysis,
Iodine, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-281 582/7 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of a Mathematical Ba*l* for Relating
Sludge Properties to FQD-Scrubber Operating
Variable*. Final rept. through .Ian 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. L. Phillips, J. C. Terry, K. C. Wilde, G. P. Behrens,
and P. S. Lowell. Apr 78,372p EPA/600/7-78/072
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also report dated Dec 74, PB-243 399.
The report gives results of research to investigate
prospects lor Increasing the size of calcium sulfite
sludge particles In flue gas desulfurlzation systems.
The approach Included four work packages: a litera-
ture survey and development of a mathematical basis
for predicting calcium sulfite sludge distribution; a com-
puter solution of the size distribution model to deter-
mine parameter sensitivity; a literature survey and
screening of analytical methods for measuring settling
rate, settled density, and particle size distribution-, ana
planning a test program to investigate parameters not
available from previous work to verify the size distribu-
tion model. The crystal population balance concept
was introduced into the mathematical basis for predict-
ing particle size distribution of calcium sulfite sludge.
Relationships were derived that required nucleation
and crystal growth rate expressions which must be ob-
tained from experimental data. Available pilot and full-
scale scrubber data were used to increase the useful-
ness of the theoretical model. The relationship derived
was solved for a specific process configuration. An ap-
proximate solution was obtained assuming that crystal
size distribution does not change in the scrubber. A
computer routine was written to permit convenient pa-
rameter sensitivity studies using the size distribution
model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Scrubbers, Flue gases, Particle size distribu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Settling,
Density(Mass/volume), Crystal growth, Limestone,
Tests, Calcium sulfltes, 'Limestone scrubbing,
'Sludges.
PB-281 588/4 PCI19.00/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Development of Management Guidelines to Pre-
vent Pollution by Irrigation Return Flow from Rice
Fields. Final rept.,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
Kirk W. Brown, Lloyd Deuel, Jack Price, Don
DeMichele, and William R. Teague. Apr 78,606p EPA/
600/2-78/062
Grant EPA-S-802008
A three year field and laboratory study was conducted
to determine the influence of management practices
on the quantity and quality of irrigation return flow from
rice paddles. Continuous and intermittent irrigation
techniques were used on replanted field plots which
received either recommended or excessive applica-
tions of fertilizer and four selected pesticides. Water
quality was evaluated with respect to fertilizer amend-
ments, pesticides, pH and total salt load. Pesticides
monitored Included propanil molinate, carbofuran, car-
baryl and their respective metabolites.
Keywords: 'Rice plants, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
'Herbicides, Monitoring, Fertilizers, Inorganic salts,
pH, Carbamates, Concentration(Composition), Bio-
assay, Decomposition, Chlorine organic compounds,
Sulfur organic compounds, Water balance, Adsorption,
Leaching, Ion exchanging, Tables(Data), 'Return flow,
Cabaryl, Carbamic acid/methyl-(Napthyl-ester), Car-
bamic acld/((dihydro-dimethyl)-benzofuranyl-ester)-
methyl, Propanil, Propionanmde/dlchloro, Ordram,
Azeplne-carbothioic acid / hexahydro-(s-ethyl-ester),
'Pesticide residues.
PB-281 602/3 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Power Plant Cooling water Chlorlnatlon In North-
ern California. Extramural rept. 31 Oct 75-31 Dec 76,
California Univ., Berkeley. Sanitary Engineering Re-
search Lab.
S. Hergott, David Jenkins, and Jerome F. Thomas. Mar
78, 78p UCB/SERL-77-3, EPA/600/3-78/032
Grant EPA-R-803959
A survey was conducted of chlorinatlon practices at
five power plants owned and operated by the Pacific
Gas and Electric Company. Frequency and duration of
chlorinatlon varied significantly from plant to plant and
was controlled analytically by the orthotolidlne and/or
amperometrlc methods. All the plants plan to change
to using the amperometrlc method for future control
purposes. In-plant studies were conducted during
chlorination cycles to determine oxidant residuals at
both the condenser Inlets and at a point near the out-
fall. Both free and total oxidant residuals were meas-
ured amperometrlcally for most studies. The DPD-FAS
method was Included In later studies to gain a better
understanding of the nature of the oxidant residual.
These results Indicated that most of the oxidant residu-
al at the Hunters Point and Moss Landing power plants
was bromine residual. Decay studies were conducted
at the plant sites on the chlorinated cooling water col-
lected at the outfall. The slowest decay was observed
at the Contra Costa plant where the cooling water was
the freshest. The most rapid decay was at the Hunters
Point plant. The presence of sunlight Increased the
rate of decay at all locations.
December 1983 435
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Cooling water, "Chlorination, 'Electric
power plants, 'Water pollution, "Fouling prevention,
Industrial wastes, Thermal pollution, Oxidizers, Plant
location, Sites, Degradation, Design criteria, California,
San Francisco Bay.
PB-281 605/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Bfeeze, Fla.
InMCtlclde Persistence In Natural Seawater as Af-
fected by Salinity, Temperature, and Sterility. Final
rept.15Jul75-14Jul77,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, Miss.
William W. Walker. Apr 78, 37p EPA/600/3-78/044
Grant EPA-R-803842
The effect of temperature, salinity, and sterility on the
degradation of malathion, parathion, methyl parathion,
diazinon, and methoxychlor in fresh and estuarlne
water has been determined under controlled labora-
tory conditions. Surface water samples of 1, 10, 20,
and 28 ppt salinity were amended with the above in-
secticides and incubated in the dark at 30,20, and 10C
under sterile and nonsterile conditions. Insecticide
abatement was followed by electron-capture gas-liquid
chromatographic techniques. No significant differ-
ences between sterile and nonsterile treatments were
observed for any of the insecticides studies, while the
effect of increasing temperature was highly significant
with regard to increased degradation of malathion, par-
athion, methyl parathion, and diazinon. Salinity effects
were varied among the four organophosphates.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Biodeterioration, 'Fresh
water, *Sea water, Temperature, Salinity, Malathion,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Diazinon, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Pseudomonas, Moraxaxella, Parathion, Phosphoroth-
ioic acid/O-O-{dimethyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester),
Phosphorothioic acid/O-O-(diethyl-ester)-O-O-
(dlethyl-ester)-0-((isopropyl-methylj-pyrimidinyl-ester),
Methoxychlor, 'Environmental persistance.
PB-281 626/2 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Measurement Standards for Water Monitoring As-
sociated with Energy Production and Use. Final
rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
W. H. Kirchhoff. Nov 77,3p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Pub. in Proceedings of National Conference on Inter-
agency Energy/Environment Research and Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C. (2nd), 6-7 Jun 77 p449-451
Nov 77.
In accord with the overall mission of the National
Bureau of Standards to provide standards of measure-
ment and means for making measurements consistent
with those standards, NBS scientists are participating
in the EPA administered program on environmental as-
pects of energy production and use by developing
measurement methods and Standard Reference Ma-
terials (SRM's) for water pollution monitoring. Projects
currently underway include the development of an
SRM consisting of eighteen trace elements in water,
the development of methods for the measurement of
trace elements in sea water, the development of
SRM's for the measurement of organic compounds in
water and sediment and the development of methods
tor measuring polar organic compounds in water and
for coupling liquid chromatography with mass spec-
troscopy for the identification of organic compounds in
water. Methods for determining the chemical form
(speciation) of trace elements in water are being inves-
tigated as are methods for determining the depth pro-
file of trace elements in individual sediment particles
using ion microprobe analysis.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, 'Stand-
ards, Water pollution, Organic compounds, Sediments,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Sea water,
Concentration(Composition), 'Standard reference ma-
terials, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-281 627/0 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Measurement Standards for Air Pollution Monitor-
ing and Control Associated with Energy Produc-
tion. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
W.H. Kirchhoff. Nov 77,2p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Pub. in Proceedings of National Conference on Inter-
agency/Environmental Research and Development,
(2nd), Washington, D.C. 6-7 Jun 77 p425-426 Nov 77.
A new instrument for monitoring atmospheric particu-
lates containing sulfur has been developed which
combines electrostatic precipitation with flame photo-
metric detection as its principle of operation. Standard
Reference Materials (SRM's) applicable to the meas-
urement of stack concentrations of S02 have been de-
veloped and progress has been made on similar stand-
ards for N02. SRM's for CO in air in the concentration
range of 10 to 50 ppm are also near completion. Meth-
ods are being investigated to develop SRM's for the X-
ray fluorescence analysis of particulates on filter
papers. To this end, techniques for fabricating glass
microspheres of known composition have been devel-
oped and sputtering techniques for producing thin
films of known composition have been investigated.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Standards, Energy con-
sumption, Air pollution, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Moni-
toring, Laboratory equipment, Gas detectors, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, 'Stand-
ard reference materials, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-281 631/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Techniques for Sampling and Analyzing the
Marine Macrobenthos,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Richard C. Swartz. Mar 78, 37p EPA/600/3-78/030
This report presents guidelines for the quantitative as-
sessment of the effects of marine pollution on benthic
community structure and population dynamics. The
sampling design addresses the number and location of
stations, survey frequency, sampling gear, replication
of samples, screening and preservation of biological
samples, and the collection of abiotic data. Recom-
mendations are given for the sorting, identification,
enumeration, and weighing of benthic specimens.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Benthos, 'Sampling,
'Water pollution, Instructions, Selection, Samplers,
Collecting methods, Preserving, Identifying, Biomass,
Ecology, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-281 638/7 PC A02/MF A01
Clayton Dynamometer-to-Road Tire Rolling
Resistance Relationship,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard N. Burgeson. Apr 78,15p LDTP-78-09
The report compares the rolling resistance at 45 PSI
as measured on the Clayton Dynamometer from the
previous study (Tire-Dynamometer Roll Effects) with
recently obtained tire rolling resistance data at 26 PSI
as measured on the single large-roll dynamometer and
corrected for roll curvature. The report concludes that
(1) for vehicles equipped with radial tires inflated to
pressures of approximately 30 PSI, two tires at 45 PSI
on the Clayton are equivalent to four tires (at 30 PSI)
on the road; (2) the Clayton Dynamometer underloads
vehicles equipped with bias belted and bias ply tires.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Tires, Tests, Dynamometers, Pressure
measurement, 'Tire rolling resistance, Tire inflation
pressure, Bias ply tires, Bias belted tires.
PB-281 671/8 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
OH Spill and Oil Pollution Reports. Volume 5.
Number 1. Quarterly rept. Nov 77-Jan 78,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Penelope Melvln, Elizabeth
Sorenson, and James Cook. Apr 78,204p* EPA/600/
2-78/071
Grant EPA-R-805052
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-276 691.
The November 1977-January 1978 issue begins
Volume 5 of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION RE-
PORTS, a quarterly compilation of abstracts of current
oil pollution-related literature and research projects.
Comprehensive coverage of terrestrial and aquatic oil
pollution and its prevention and control is provided,
with emphasis on the marine environment. The report
contains (a) citations and summaries of 1975 to 1977
publications and patents; (b) status and summaries of
current research programs; and (c) information on cur-
rent oil pollution-related meetings.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, "Water pollution,
'Bibliographies, Oil pollution control, Monitoring,
Remote sensing, Sampling, Water analysis. Sources,
Containment, Chemical analysis, Cleaning, Sources,
Materials recovery, Recycling, Environmental impacts,
Reclamation, Regulations, Legislation, Marine biology,
Accidents, Tanker ships, Offshore drilling, Economic
analysis, Government policies, Oil exploration, Trans-
port properties, Patents, Meetings, Degradation, Ab-
stracts, Oil pollution detection, Water pollution detec-
tion, Oil pollution removal, Waste recycling, Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Contingency planning.
PB-281 672/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Feasibility of Using Bacterial Strains (Mutagene-
sls) to Test for Environmental Carcinogens. Final
rept. 15 Jun 76-14 May 77,
Houston Univ., Tex. Dept. of Biology.
John E. Evans. Apr 78,128p* EPA/600/3-78/042
Grant EPA-R-804586
A literature review was undertaken to assess feasibility
of using bacteria as screening agents to detect envi-
ronmental carcinogens. Mutagenicity data were includ-
ed in the study because growing experimental evi-
dence indicates that most chemical carcinogens are
mutagens, and many mutagens may be carcinogens.
This investigation found that bacterial mutagenesis
can be used to initiate a series of studies designed to
screen for potential mutagens and carcinogens in
mixed chemical wastes. This report was submitted in
fulfillment of Grant No. R-804586 by the University of
Houston under partial sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. This report covers the
period 15 June 1976 to 14 April 1977. Work was com-
pleted as of 1 May 1977.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Mutagens, 'Carcinogens, De-
tection, Assaying, Environments, Chemical com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Water pollution, Wastes,
Microorganisms, Reviews, Bibliographies, Abstracts,
Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, Ames mutagenic assay
system, Toxic substances.
PB-281 673/4
PC A02/MF A01
Cells, Proteins, and Certain Physical-Chemical
Properties of Brook Trout (Salvellnus fontlnalls)
Blood. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
G. M. Christensen, James T. Fiandt, and Barbara A.
Poeschl. 1977,12pEPA/600/J-78/011
Pub. in Jnl. Fish Biol. v12, p51 -60 1978.
Laboratory brook trout were used to evaluate, refine,
or develop biochemical procedures for the analysis of
fish blood. Analytical values were obtained for the fol-
lowing blood properties: total and differential leuco-
cytes and erythrocytes; erythrocyte and plasma pro-
teins (by electrophoresis); blood surface tension and
density; haemoglobin; and packed cell volume. These
blood factors are discussed with reference to fish
health and disease and to changes caused by deleteri-
ous quantities of water pollutants.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Fishes, *Blood analysis, 'Hema-
tology, Aquatic animals, Biochemistry, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Leukocytes, Erythrocytes,
Males, Electrophoresis, Females, Interfacial tension,
Hemoglobins, Blood cells, Blood proteins,
Tables(Data), Sedimentation,
Concentration(Composition), Mobility, Sex, Reprints,
'Salvelinus fontinalis.
PB-281 679/1 PC A06/MF A01
Control of Animal Production Orders: The State-
of-the-Art,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
R. Douglas Kreis. Apr 78,104p EPA/600/2-78/083
Odors emanating from animal production facilities are
the primary environmental cause for complaint result-
ing in great corrective expense and, in many instances,
facility closure. The current state-of-the-art of odor
436 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
control technology ranges from Intensive waste man-
agement and good housekeeping practices to chemi-
cal treatment and facility isolation. These controls at
best only limit the generation and/or quality of animal
production odors. The most effective odor limiting
technologies are the most cost intensive. Therefore,
the methods used are dependent upon the serious-
ness of the situation and the cost-benefit that may be
derived from their use. Original facility design and site
selection considerations are of great importance to the
existence of confined animal feeding enterprises with
a non-farm population which is encroaching at increas-
ing rates into rural areas. Land use planning and
zoning restrictions for agricultural/animal feeding pur-
poses may well be the ultimate odor control tool of the
future for newly instituted facilities. Extensive basic
and applied research is required to provide adequate
technology for use by existing facilities.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, *Air pollution control,
"Odor control, Nutrients, Management planning, Feed-
ing stuffs, Sites, Runoff, Lagoons(Ponds), Anaerobic
process, Chemical composition, Strength, Cost analy-
sis, 'Odor pollution, "Manure, Feedlot wastes, Solid
waste disposal, State of the art.
PB-281 687/4 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Polychloronaphthalenes. Final rept. 1 1 Jun 76-1 1
Dec 76,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
M. D. Erickson, R. A. Zweidinger, L. C. Michael, and E.
D. Pellizzari. Jun 77, 267p EPA/560/6-77/019
Contract EPA-68-01 -1 978
This research program was initiated to evaluate possi-
ble environmental contamination by polychlorinated
naphthalenes (PCNs). The program included sampling
and analytical method development and the collection
and analysis of field samples. A glass fiber filter and
two precleaned polyurethane foam plugs in tandem
were used for PCN collection. Recovery of the PCNs
from the foam and filter was accomplished by triple ex-
traction with toluene. The concentrated extract was
chromatographed on a silica gel column and the final
volume reduced to 2 ml in a Kuderna-Danish appara-
tus. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph/
quadrupole mass spectrometer/computer. The Instal-
ment was operated in the multiple ion detection mode
which permitted the detection of < 50 pg of a PCN
isomer (approximately 0.3 ng/cu m In air). The pres-
ence of PCNs was confirmed from full scan mass
spectra or by monitoring the chlorine Isotope ratio. Air,
water, soil, sediment and biota were collected from
sites near a PCN manufacturer, and six potential users.
PCNs were found at all sites sampled although appre-
ciable quantities were found at only three sites, near
me manufacturer and two possible users.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sts, "Industrial wastes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Monitoring, Soil analysis, Sediments, Field tests, Gas
analysis, Water analysis, Samplers, Laboratory equlp-
Jient, Quality control, 'Polychlorinated naphthalenes,
Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-281 890/8 PC A13/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
•"•Sea Incineration of Herbicide Orange Onboard
"» M/T Vulcanua. Final rept. Apr 77-Feb 78,
TRW, inc., Redondo Beach, Calif
°- Ackerman, H. Fisher, R. Johnson, R. Maddalone,
B. Matthews. Apr 78, 276p EPA/600/2-78/086
Contract EPA-68-01 -2966
The report describes the at-sea incineration of three
Shiploads (approximately 10,400 metric tons) of U.S.
Air Force-owned Herbicide Orange onboard the incin-
grater ship M/T Vulcanus, within an EPA-designated
pacific Ocean burn zone, west of Johnston Atoll. The
iirst shipload, transported to the burn zone from the
U.S. Naval Construction Battalion Base, Gulfport, Mis-
sissippi, was incinerated under EPA research permit.
shiploads 2 and 3 were taken onboard M/T Vulcanus
""Johnston Island and incinerated under EPA special
PWrnit The incineration was monitored, sampled, and
analyzed to ensure compliance with EPA permit oper-
ating and safety conditions related to at-sea oper-
ations. An EPA representative was onboard M/T Vul-
canus during the initial burn. A U.S. Air Force repre-
wntative participated in monitoring all three burns.
Monitoring utilized on-line instrumentation to measure
CO and G02, oxygen concentration, and total hydro-
carbons from both incinerators. These parameters
served as a measure of overall combustion efficiency
with primary emphasis on the CO2/CO ratio In the ef-
fluent gases. Combustion efficiency exceeded 99.9%
during all three burns. Destruction and combustion effi-
ciencies measured during all burns met or exceeded
requirements. All other conditions of the permits relat-
ed to at-sea incineration operations were met.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Air pollution control, "Inciner-
ators, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Tanker
ships, Tests, Combustion products, Personnel, Public
health, Safety, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical anal-
ysis, "Orange herbicide, "Vulcanus vessel, Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-281 694/0 PC A99/MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
May 78, 696p* EPA/340/1-78-006
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-275 005.
This report is the sixth in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents of this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not Intended to rep-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those
facilities of interest to the States or the Agency for fur-
ther Investigation.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
•Combustion products, Tables(Data), Facilities,
Sources, Standards, States(Unlted States), Regions,
'Stationary sources, 'Standards compliance, SIC
numbers, Standard federal regions.
PB-281 713/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxlclty Studies of Selected Chemicals. Task II.
The Developmental Toxlclty of Vlnylldene Chlo-
ride Inhaled by Rate and Mice during Gestation.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Robert D. Short, Jr., Jan L. Minor, Joseph M. Winston,
Brett Ferguson, and Timothy Unger. Feb 77,71p EPA/
560/6-77-022
Contract EPA-68-01-3242
See also report on Task 1, PB-258 859.
The purpose of this study was to determine the terato-
genlc potential of vlnylldene chloride Inhaled by rats
and mice during organogenesls. This report describes
the effects of vlnylldene chloride (inhaled at various
concentrations for different Intervals during gestation)
on development. Morphological and behavioral pa-
rameters were used to monitor development. Vlnyli-
dene chloride was judged to be a weak teratogen with
little primary effect on reproduction.
Keywords: 'Vinylldene chloride resins, 'Toxlclty, Em-
bryology, Bloassay, Experimental design, Thermoplas-
tic resins, Addition resins, Rats, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, Tables(Data), Experimental data, Respiration,
ConcentrationfComposltlon), Morphology, Behavior,
Reproduction(Biology), Exposure, Statistical data,
Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, Teratogenesis, Birth
defects.
PB-281 725/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Survey of the Occurrence of Mercury, Lead, and
Cadmium In the Washington, D.C. Area. Final rept.
May 76-Jul 77,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
E. P. Scheide, J. J. Fillibe, and J. K. Taylor. Sep 77,96p
NBSIR-78-1428
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic Substances.
This report describes the development of a plan to
comprehensively survey the occurrence of potentially
toxic substances in a defined geographical area and its
application to the determination of the concentration
levels of mercury, lead, and cadmium In various as-
pects of the environment In the Washington, D.C. area.
It describes the basic philosophy of such a survey, the
development of a sampling plan, and the identification
of analytical methods adequate to obtain the required
measurements. Methods of data reduction using the
NBS computer are also described. The data are pre-
sented in tables and unique computer-generated plots
which show the overall concentration profiles and
spots of elevated concentration levels. No significantly
hazardous conditions were found to exist. The ap-
proach followed and the data reduction techniques de-
veloped should be useful to surveys of these elements
in other areas and also for surveys of ubiquitous haz-
ardous materials in general.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Mercury(Metal),
"Lead(Metal), "Cadmium, 'District of Columbia,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Soil analysis, 'Toxic
substances, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB-281 727/8 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Soluble Organic Nitrogen Characteristics and Re-
moval. Final rept. 1 Sep 74-1 May 77,
Stanford Univ., Calif. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Stephen J. Randtke, Gene F. Parkin, John V. Keller,
James O. Leckie, and Perry L. McCarty. Mar 78,274p
EPA/600/2-78/030
Grant EPA-R-804001
This report discusses sources, concentrations, char-
acteristics and methods for removal of Soluble Organ-
ic Nitrogen (SON) in wastewater. Removal by various
physical, chemical and biological processes are de-
scribed and molecular weight distribution is character-
ized. A significant portion of the SON in secondary ef-
fluent is produced biologically during treatment.
Chemical coagulation, ion exchange and activated
carbon were used singly and in combination to charac-
terize different fractions of the SON and the Soluble
Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD).
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Nitrogen organic
compounds, SolubTlty, Coagulation, Ion exchanging,
Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), Activated char-
coal, Activated sludge process, Molecular weight,
Sources, Oxidation, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-281 729/4 PC A24/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Problem Sltea: Lands Affected by Underground
Mining for Coal In Illinois. Final rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale Cooperative Wild-
life Research Lab.
J. R. Nawrot. May 78,562p HEQ-77/38
Following a statewide survey of all Illinois lands affect-
ed by underground mining for coal, the Cooperative
Wildlife Research Laboratory of Southern Illinois Uni-
versity at Carbondale Identified problem areas associ-
ated with abandoned underground mine sites. Based
upon an evaluation of the extent and severity of ad-
verse environmental parameters, approximately 5,000
acres representing 508 mine sites located In 50 coun-
ties were Identified as problem areas. These areas
represented of one or more of the following conditions:
(1) exposed refuse materials (2,812.6 acres of gob and
666.8 acres of slurry), (2) abandoned tipple areas
(397.7 acres), (3) polluted water impoundments (233.7
acres), (4) adjacent affected terrestrial areas, (5) mine
drainage to adjacent ditches, streams, and/or rivers
(276 mine sites), and (6) potentially hazardous mine
openings including openings with mine drainage. In ad-
dition to physical and vegetational descriptions, analy-
ses of refuse samples as well as drainage samples are
included with individual mine site descriptions. An ob-
jective ranking system of problem sites based upon
the extent and severity of individual problem condi-
tions Is also included.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, "Underground mining, 'Envi-
ronmental Impacts, 'Illinois, Water pollution, Spoil,
Solid waste disposal, Land reclamation, Soil erosion,
Drainage, Site surveys, Coal preparation, Government
policies, Regulations, Tables(Data), Air pollution,
Public health, Toxlcity, Trace elements, Mine wastes,
Mine acid drainage, Coal mine spoil.
December 1983 437
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-281 796/9 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Option Values, Preservation Values and Recre-
ational Benefits ol Improved Water Quality: A
Case Study of the South Platte River Basin, Colo-
rado.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Oept. of Economics.
Richard D. Walsh, Douglas A. Greenley, Robert A.
Young, John R. McKean, and Anthony A. Prato. Jan
78,111p EPA/600/5-78/001
Grant EPA-R-803206
This is believed to be the first empirical test of the con-
cept of option value for any non-market good. Applica-
tion of the bidding game technique was successful in
meeting the primary study objective of measuring the
option value of improved water quality. Also included in
trie study are improved estimates of the benefits to
recreational users of enhanced water quality. The rela-
tionship between the value of improved water quality
and several socioeconomic variables was tested with
regression and other statistical procedures. The report
is based on direct interviews with 202 residents of
Denver and Fort Collins located in the South Platte
River Basin, Colorado. Interviewees responded to the
survey within the context of improving the quality of
water degraded by heavy metals from post mining ac-
tivities and preventing future degradation from such
sources.
Keywords: "Economic analysis, 'Water quality, *South
Platte River, Recreation, Improvement, Economic fac-
tors, Payment, Interviews, Public opinion, Attitude sur-
veys, Mathematical models, Regression analysis,
Colorado.
PB-281 799/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oregon.
Lake Owyhee, Malheur County, Oregon. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 78,44p WORKING PAPER-831
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oregon State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Salem, and Oregon
National Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Owyhee, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oregon, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Malheur County(Oregon).
PB-2B1 809/4 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Diamond Lake, Douglas County, Oregon. Final
rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 78,25p WORKING PAPER-828
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oregon State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Salem, and Oregon
National Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Diamond Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oregon, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Douglas County(Oregon).
PB-281 867/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Hills Creek Reservoir, Lane County, Oregon. Final
rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 78,40p WORKING PAPER-830
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oregon State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Salem, and Oregon
National Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hills Creek Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oregon, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Lane CountyfOregon).
PB-281 858/1 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Oxldant Air Pollutant Effects on a Western Conif-
erous Forest Ecosystem. Annual progress rept. on
TaskD, 15Jun73-14Jun74,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
O. C. Taylor. Apr 78,182p EPA/600/3-78/052D
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
This is an annual report for the year June 1973 through
June 1974. Section I gives the location and brief de-
scription of the field layout for the ecosystem study on
oxidant air pollution effects on a Western coniferous
forest. Section II contains diagrams and descriptions
of interactions between the disciplines involved in the
selected areas of study. Section III contains reports
prepared by researchers directing the research in 10
areas of interest. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Forest trees, Monitoring,
Pine trees, Damage, Nitrogen dioxide, Smog, Dia-
grams, Ozone, California, Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB-281 870/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Suttle Lake, Jefferson County, Oregon. Final rept.
1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 78,33p WORKING PAPER-833
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oregon Dept.
of Environmental Regulation, Salem, and Oregon Na-
tional Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Suttle Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Oregon, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Jefferson County(Oregon).
PB-281 871/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Waldo Lake, Lane County, Oregon. Final rept.,
1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jan 78,26p WORKING PAPER-834
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Oregon State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Salem, and Oregon
National Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Waldo Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Oregon, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Lane County(Oregon).
PB-281 872/2 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lower Bowns Reservoir, Garfleld County, Utah.
Final rept. 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,23p WORKING PAPER-842
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lower Bowns Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Garfield County(Utah).
PB-281 873/0 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Huntlngton Lake, Emery County, Utah. Final rept.
1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77, 23p WORKING PAPER-840
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Huntington Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Emery County(Utah).
PB-281 874/8 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Newcastle Reservoir, Iron County, Utah. Final rept.
1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,23p WORKING PAPER-849
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Newcastle Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Iron County(Utah).
PB-281 87S/5 PC A03/MF AOl
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Pangultch Lake, Garfleld County, Utah. Final rept.
1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,37p WORKING PAPER-851
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient l»
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
438 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Panguitch Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Garfield County(Utah).
PB-281 876/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Stolnaker Reservoir, Ulntah County, Utah. Final
rept. 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77, 37p WORKING PAPER-859
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: *Water pollution, 'Steinaker Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, "Water quality data, Uintah County(Utah).
PB-281 879/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites,
Acrylamide (CH2 = CHCONH2). Final rept. Jun-Oct
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
John E. Going. Mar 78, 78p EPA/560/6-78/001
Contract EPA-68-0 1 -4 1 1 5
A sampling and analysis program was conducted to
determine the levels of acrylamide in air, water, soil,
and sediment around five industrial sites. The industri-
al sites included monomer producers, polymer produc-
ers, and polymer users. Air was collected at the plant
Perimeters using Chromosorb 101 adsorption tubes.
Soil samples were collected at the air sampling sta-
tions. Water and sediment samples were taken up-
jnream and downstream and at the plant discharge.
No acrylamide was found in any of the air, soil, or sedi-
ment samples. Acrylamide was found in only one water
sample. The level was 1 ,500 ppb. The identification of
acrylamlde was confirmed by GC/MS.
Keywords: 'Acrylamide copolymers, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Poly-
mers, Gas analysis, Soil analysis, Water analysis, Sedi-
ments, Gas chromatograpny, Mass spectroscopy,
Monitoring, Concentration(Composition), Sampling.
PB-281 880/5 PC A03/MF A01
^prvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
"We Reservoir, Plute County, Utah. Finalrept.
Rational Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77, 38p WORKING PAPER-B54
rrepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
lnQ and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
?' Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
«je lake were estimated and subdivided according to
wier point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°J we lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
al»o provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
01 tne lake and its trlbuatrles are included.
s: 'Water pollution, 'Piute Reservoir, Water
y, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
J-ater quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
™ater quality data, Piute County(Utah).
881/3 PC A07/MF A01
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
nning and Management.
Mlcroeconomlc Impacts of the Proposed 'PCB
Ban Regulations'. Final task rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Robert Westin, Louis Fourt, David Berkey, and Bruce
Woodcock. 16 May 78,147p* EPA/580/6-77-035
Contract EPA-68-01-4771
This report summarizes the estimated economic im-
pacts of the PCB Ban Regulations which are being pro-
posed to implement Section 6(e) of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic impact, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Regulations, National government,
Chlorine organic compounds, Utilization, United
States, Methodology, Capacitors, Transformers, Elec-
tromagnets, Mining equipment, Hydraulic equipment,
Heat transfer, Compressors, Oils, Coolants, Coal
mining, Manufacturing, Cost analysis, 'Polychlorinated
biphenyls, 'Toxic substances, Biphenyl/chloro, Envi-
ronmental chemical substitutes.
PB-281 883/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume X. Turf, Ornamentals, Forest Lands,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
Frank S. Morashita, Richard K. Lindquist, and Sidney
L. Poe. Jan 78, 89p* EPA/540/10-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See Volume 9, PB-281 884.
This report is concerned with test methods and proce-
dures for evaluating the effectiveness of invertebrate
chemical control of turf, ornamentals, forest lands and
shade trees. Specific techniques and methods are
documented in selected references, exhibits and other
appropriate sources of information.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Turf grasses,
'Trees(Plants), 'Forestry, 'Ornamental plants, Tests,
Invertebrates, Performance evaluation, Effectiveness,
Insects, Parasites, Vegetation, Plants(Botany).
PB-281 884/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Criteria and Evaluation Div.
Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Inver-
tebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods.
Volume IX. Baculovlruses and Entomogenous
Bacteria,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Arlington, Va.
William G. Yendol, Terry L. Couch, James D. Harper,
Louis A. Falcon, and W. H. McGauhey. Jan 78,124p'
EPA/540/10-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01-2457
See also Volume 8, PB-266 210, and Volume 10, PB-
281 883.
The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for
conducting tests to determine the efficacy of entomo-
genous bacteria and baculoviruses. The methods de-
scribed herein are not to be considered to be exclusive
of other methods. The entomogenous bacteria devel-
oped for pest control are the spore-formers. The bacu-
loviruses are the nuclear polynedrosls and granulosis
viruses.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, 'Bacteria, "Vir-
uses, 'Insect control, Invertebrates, Tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Methodology, Farm crops, Fiber
crops, Oilseed crops, Vegetable crops, Turf grasses,
Sugar crops, Forest trees, Ornamental plants, Effec-
tiveness, Biological control.
PB-281 888/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Starvation Reservoir, Duchesne County, Utah.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,34p WORKING PAPER-858
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Hearth, Salt L ' " " '
Salt Lake City.
Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the take were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Starvation Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Duchesne County(Utah).
PB-281 892/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Multimedia Levels - Methylchloroform.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Sep 77,50p' EPA/560/6-77/030
Contract EPA-68-01-1983
This report discusses environmental levels of meth-
ylchloroform (MC) based on a review of the literature
and other information sources. The concentrations of
MC in the U.S. atmosphere ranges from about 0.1 mi-
crograms/cu m (20 ppt) in remote areas to over 500
micrograms/cu m (100 ppb) in some areas near where
the substance Is manufactured or used. The concen-
tration drops off rapidly as one moves away from a
source facility. Surface water contamination of MC
range from somewhat less than 1 ppb to several hun-
dred ppb in the vicinity of MC manufacturers. The high-
est measurement reported (3 ppm) was made in a
roadside ditch near a producer site. MC has been de-
tected but not quantified in U.S. drinking water except
in one case when approximately 10 ppb was reported.
Soil and sediment concentrations of MC appear to be
no higher near manufacturers and users than in rural
areas, though the data are very limited. The levels are
on the order of fractions of a ppb. MC is a saturated
chlorinated hydrocarbon which is relatively stable in
the atmosphere. However, the molecule is susceptible
to hydrolysis or dehydrohalogenation and reacts with
water relatively rapidly and is thus degraded in soil and
water. There are very few data on presence of MC In
food raised and sold in the U.S. However, data from
the United Kingdom suggest that MC is found on the
order of parts per billion in some common foodstuffs.
There is little evidence to Judge whether MC accumu-
lates in living organisms. Limited data on levels in
marine organisms show levels on the order of a few
parts per billion.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution,
Concentration(Compositlon), Water pollution, Soil
analysis, Potable water, Food analysis, Public health,
Industrial wastes, Sampling, Photochemical reactions,
Industrial hygiene, Animals, 'Chloroform/methyl.
PB-281 895/3 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Pruess Lake, Mlllard County, Utah. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,22p WORKING PAPER-856
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient IB
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, ' Pruess Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutropicatlon,
'Water quality data, Mlllard County(Utah).
PB-281 899/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Deer Creek Reservoir, Wasstch County, Utah.
Finalrept., 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Oct 77,49p WORKING PAPER-837
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
December 1983 439
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Deer Creek Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
catlon, 'Water quality data, Wasatch County(Utah).
PB-281 900/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lahontan Reservoir, Churchill and Lyon Counties,
Nevada. Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,41 p WORKING PAPER-807
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lahontan Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Nevada, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Churchill
County(Nevada), Lyon County(Nevada).
PB-281 922/5 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Determination of Trace Leva) Hydrocarbons In
Marine Biota. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
S. N. Chester, B. H. Gump, H. S. Hertz, W. E. May, and
S. A. Wise. May 78,6p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., and Bureau of Land Man-
agement, Washington, D.C.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 50, n6 p805-810, May 78.
A method is described for the analysis of petroleum
hydrocarbons in marine biota. The method is suitable
for the determination of the low hydrocarbon levels en-
countered in pollution baseline studies as well as the
higher levels found in organisms exposed to petro-
leum. The procedure utilizes dynamic headspace sam-
pling of an aqueous caustic tissue homogenate to ex-
tract and collect volatile organic components. Interfer-
ing polar biogenlc components are removed by
normal-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography(HPLC). Quantitation and identifica-
tion of the individual compounds are accomplished
using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The non-volatile
components remaining in the homogenate after head-
space sampling are solvent extracted and analyzed by
reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Trace elements, 'Petro-
leum products, Water pollution, Gas chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Marine atmospheres, Aquatic ani-
mals, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), Baseline measurements, Reprints.
PB-281 933/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Sampling and Analytical Methodology for Atmos-
pheric Paniculate Nitrates. Final rept. 11 Jun 75-10
Dec 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Chester W. Spicer, Philip M. Schumacher, John A.
Kouyoumjian, and Darrell W. Joseph. Apr 78,125p
EPA/600/2-78/067
Contract EPA-68-02-2213
Environmental conditions that affect atmospheric par-
tlculate nitrate sampling were identified, and improved
sampling and analytical procedures were developed.
Evaluation of potential sources of error in high volume
nitrate sampling showed that artifact nitrate formation
01 Commonly used glass filter media was the most se-
rious. Both laboratory and field results demonstrated
that high purity quartz filters provide a significant im-
provement over glass filters and are easily substituted
for glass filters in traditional high volume sampling
equipment. A sensitive, accurate and rapid nitrate ana-
lytical procedure was developed using thermal decom-
position of nitrate and chemiluminescent detection of
the decomposition products. Ion chromatography was
also investigated and found to be sensitive, accurate,
reproducible and rapid. Ion chromatography has the
added advantage of determining both nitrate and sul-
fate simultaneously.
Keywords: 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Particles, 'Organic ni-
trates, 'Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Chemiluminescence, Chromatography, Air pollution,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Glass, Air fil-
ters, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-281 938/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Study of Industrial Data on Candidate Chemi-
cals for Testing. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
Susanne Urso, and Kirtland E. McCaleb. Apr 78,43p
RESEARCH REQUEST-2, EPA/560/5-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4109
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-274 264.
This report describes the work carried out on Re-
search Request No. 2 as specified by the Project Offi-
cer. Market forecasts were prepared for 12 chemicals
specified by the Project Officer and include a discus-
sion of economic information for each chemical: 1,5-
bis(chlorendo)cyclooctane, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether,
bromoform, 2-chloroethanol, diethyl N,N-bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)aminophosphonate, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-
N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-7-dfethyla-
mino-coumarin, sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosllicate,
stannous chloride, vinyl pyridine, and vinyl pyrrolidone.
The Information presented includes the following: pro-
duction and trade statistics; a discussion of current
uses, and in some cases, past uses; possible substi-
tute products for the chemical in specific applications,
and the current price of those substitutes; trends in
production levels (i.e., future growth rates); and factors
affecting growth in the market for the chemical.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Organic compounds,
Forecasting, Tables(Data), Marketing, Bromoform,
Chlorine organic compounds, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Sodium fluorides, Trends, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Fireprooflng, Fluorine organic com-
pounds, Manufacturing, 'Chemicals, Cyclooctane/
bis(chlorendo), Ether/bls(chloroethyl), Ethanol/
chloro, Phosphonic acld/dlethyl-N-N-
bis(hydroxyethyl)-amlno, Slllcate/hexafluoro-(dlso-
dlum), Coumann/dlethylamino-methyl, Phenylenedla-
mine/N-dlmethylbutyl-N-phenyl, Tin chloride, Pyr-
idlne/vlnyl, Pyrrolldone/vlnyl.
PB-281 948/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economics In Environ-
mental Perspectives. Task II. Investigation ol Al-
ternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons In Selected
Aerosol Products. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
Thomas W. Lapp, Howard Gadberry, Gary L. Lelso,
Richard O. Welch, and Fritz Hoffmeister. Mar 78, SOp*
EPA/560/1-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-3896
Several aerosol propellent applications of Chlorofluor-
ocarbons were examined to identify existing and tech-
nologically feasible alternatives. Associated cost fac-
tors were also considered. Interested parties brought
these chlorofluorocarbon applications to the attention
of an interagency work group (EPA, FDA, and CPSC)
as being possible 'essential uses' of these sub-
stances. The applications examined under the task
were: agents for latent fingerprint development, anti-
spatter compounds for welding, aerosol spray to pro-
duce smoke or fog, spray mold release agent for medi-
cine tablets, learner spray polish preservative, high
voltage spray insulation, clipper coolants and lubri-
cants, moisture removal spray, engine degreasers,
electric shaver cleaners and lubricants, aircraft de-
odorant spray, products for the airline industry, and
contact cleaner/lubricant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Propellents, 'Aerosols,
Substitutes, Economic analysis, Welding, Fog, Spray-
ers, Drugs, Leather, Polishes, Insulation, Coolants, Lu-
bricants, Cleaners, Stratosphere, Ozone, Smoke, 'En-
vironmental chemical substitutes, 'Methane/chloro-
trifluoro, 'Freons, Fingerprints.
PB-281 952/2 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Office
of Great Lakes Coordinator.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity. Final Report on the Black Creek Project.
Volume 2. Technical Report. Final rept. 1972-77,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, Ind.
James B. Morrison. Oct 77,296p EPA/905/9-77/007-
B
Grant EPA-G005103
See also Volume 1, PB-278 187.
This is the final technical report of the Black Creek
sediment control project. This project is to determine
the environmental impact of land use on water quality
and has completed its four and one half years of water-
shed activity. The project, which is directed by the
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, is
an attempt to determine the role that agricultural pol-
lutants play in the degradation of water quality in the
Maumee River Basin and ultimately in Lake Erie.
Keywords: 'Erosion control, 'Sediments, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Black Creek, Agricultural wastes, Land use,
Runoff, Nutrients, Cultivation, Monitoring, Sediment
transport, Maumee River Basin, Lake Erie, Indiana,
Allen County(lndlana).
PB-282 021/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Havasu, Mohave County, Arizona, San Ber-
nardino County California. Final rept., 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Aug 77,57p WORKING PAPER-728
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Havasu, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arizona, California, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Mohave
County(Arizona), San Bernardino County(Callfornla).
PB-282 022/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Mlnersvllle Reservoir, Beaver County, Utah. Final
rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,44p WORKING PAPER-846
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Div.
of Health, Salt Lake City, and Utah National Guard,
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Minersvllle Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Beaver County(Utah).
440 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-282 02B/0 PC A04/MF A01
Rapid Techniques for Calculating the Pollutant
Standards Index (PSI). Report for Jul 77-Feb 76,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Lance A. Wallace, and Wayne R. Ott. Mar 78,69p*
EPA/600/4-78/002
Rapid techniques for calculating the Pollutant Stand-
ards Index (PSI) for daily public reporting of air quality
are discussed. A complete set of original nomograms
for calculating the PSI in gravimetric or volumetric units
is presented. The nomograms are recommended for
use by all State and local air pollution control agencies
as a means of determining its PSI rapidly and accu-
rately. Examples of linear and logarithmic graphs for
calculating the PSI are also included. Tables for rapidly
identifying the critical pollutant on a given day and
automatically determining its PSI value to the nearest
unit are listed in Appendix A. Tables A-2 and A-4 list
precise pollutant concentrations corresponding to
consecutive unit values of PSI between 1 and 500, and
can, therefore, provide the definitive verification of es-
timates of PSI obtained from the nomograms or other
graphs. Computer programs for creating these or simi-
lar tables appear in Appendix 8.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Mathematical models, Nu-
merical analysis, Nomographs, Statistical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Pollutant
Standards Index, 'Air quality.
PB-282 032/2 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Applying Fabric Filtration to Refuse-Fired Boilers:
A Pilot-Scale Investigation. Final rept. May 76-Aug
Nashville Thermal Transfer Corp., Tenn.
J. D. McKenna, J. C. Mycock, R. L. Miller, and K. D.
Brandt. May 78, 134p EPA/600/7-78/078
Grant EPA-R-804223
The report gives results of a pilot-scale investigation to
determine the techno-economic feasibility of applying
fabric filter dust collectors to solid refuse fired boilers.
/he pilot facility, installed on a slipstream of a 135,000
Ib/hr boiler, was sized to handle 9000 acfm at an ap-
parent filtering velocity of 6 fpm. Filter media evaluated
included a woven glass, a felted glass, and a PTFE
laminate on a woven backing. The three filter media
had overall efficiencies greater than 99.8%, at appar-
ent filtering velocities of 6 fpm or less, with an inlet
loading of 0.5 gr/dscf. For the brief exposures during
performance testing, none of the bag materials
"towed any wear problems. Installed costs for a
woven glass fabric filter (the least expensive material
tested) capable of handling 140,000 acfm were
*» 7,000, $422,000 and $817,000 ($2.26, $3.01, and
»5.83/acfm, respectively) at corresponding air-tc-cloth
ratios of 8.9, 5.8, and 2.9. Installed, operating, and an-
nualized costs for other filter media, as well as costs
'or electrostatic precipitation and wet scrubbing, are
products, Glass fibers, Laminates, Particles, Cost
analysis. Operating costs, Design criteria, Perform-
Sj°» evaluation, Fluorine organic compounds, 'Fabric
roters, Refuse derived fuels, Ethylene/tetrafluoro.
£>282 063/8 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
v«8as, NOV.
£•*• Tahoe, Carton City, Douglas and Washoe
S°«nttos, Nevada. El Dorado and Placer Countlea,
y«nornia. Final rept. 1975,
gfnonal Eutrophication Survey, Us Vegas, Nov.
SJP 77, 82p WORKING PAPER-81 0
""Pared in cooperation with Corvallia Environmental
research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
££ Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
2"jake were estimated and subdivided according to
01 n? R01"1 <* non-point source origin. An assessment
~ jne lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
5*? provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
rr;'ai Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
OT "* lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Tahoe, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Nevada, California, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Douglas County(Nevada),
Washoe County(Nevada), El Dorado
County(California), Placer County(California), Carson
City(Nevada).
PB-282 069-SET PC E12
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices, Rubber and Plastics Industry.
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Florham Park, N.J.
1978,567p-in4v
Set includes PB-282 070 thru PB-282 073.
No abstract available.
PB-282 070/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices, Rubber and Plastics Industry. Executive
Summary. Final rept. Apr 75-Apr 76,
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Florham Park, N.J.
Joel M. Kushnir, and Stephen F. Nagy. Mar 78,61 p*
EPA/530/SW-163C-1
Contract EPA-68-01-3194
See also PB-282 071.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-282 069-
SET.
This industry study is one of a series under the Office
of Solid Waste Management Program of the Hazard-
ous Waste Management Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report concentrates on the
rubber and plastics industry. It characterizes these in-
dustries in terms of number, location, size and age of
plants, products, processes, etc.; identifies and quanti-
fies those wastes which are or may be generated by
these industries; describes current practices for treat-
ment and disposal of potentially hazardous wastes;
determines the control technologies which might be
applied to reduce hazards presented by these wastes
upon disposal; and estimates the cost of control tech-
nology implementations. The information presented In
the report was acquired from a review of published in-
formation; trade association participation; personal
contacts; visits to various plants and corporate offices
of germane companies; waste sample analysis; and
the application of an econometric model to project
waste loads for 1977 and 1983.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Rubber industry,
'Plastics Industry, 'Solid waste disposal, Management
planning, Industrial wastes, Assessments, Environ-
mental surveys, Data analysis, Data acquisition, Eco-
nomic analysis, SIC 282, SIC 30, 'Liquid wastes.
PB-282 071/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices, Rubber and Plastics Industry. Plastic Materi-
als and Synthetics Industry. Final rept. Apr 75-Apr
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Florham Park, N.J.
Joel M. Kushnir, and Stephen F. Nagy. Mar 78,221 p'
EPA/530/SW-163C-2
Contract EPA-68-01-3194
See also PB-282 070, and PB-282 072.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-282 069-
This industry study is one of a series under the Office
of Solid Waste Management Program of the Hazard-
ous Waste Management Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report concentrates on the
rubber and plastics Industry. It characterizes these in-
dustries In terms of number, location, size and age of
plants, products, processes, etc.; Identifies and quanti-
fies those wastes which are or may be generated by
these Industries; describes current practices for treat-
ment and disposal of potentially hazardous wastes;
determines the control technologies which might be
applied to reduce hazards presented by these wastes
upon disposal; and estimates the cost of control tech-
nology Implementations. The information presented in
the report was acquired from a review of published In-
formation; trade association participation; personal
contacts; visits to various plants and corporate offices
of germane companies; waste sample analysis; and
the application of an econometric model to project
waste loads for 1977 and 1983.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Synthetic resins,
'Plastics Industry, 'Solid waste disposal, Management
planning, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Process
charting, Manufacturing, Polymerization, Economics,
Environmental surveys, Industrial waste treatment, As-
sessments, SIC 282, 'Liquid wastes.
PB-282 072/8 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Prac-
tices, Rubber and Plastics Industry. Rubber Prod-
ucts Industry. Final rept. Apr 75-Apr 76,
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Florham Park, N.J.
Joel M. Kushnir, and Stephen F. Nagy. Mar 78,239p*
EPA/530/SW-163C-3
Contract EPA-68-01-3194
See also PB-282 071, and PB-282 073.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-282 069-
SET.
This industry study is one of a series under the Office
of Solid Waste Management Program of the Hazard-
ous Waste Management Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report concentrates on the
rubber and plastics Industry. It characterizes these in-
dustries in terms of number, location, size and age of
plants, products, processes, etc.; identifies and quanti-
fies those wastes which are or may be generated by
these Industries; describes current practices for treat-
ment and disposal of potentially hazardous wastes;
determines the control technologies which might be
applied to reduce hazards presented by these wastes
upon disposal; and estimates the cost of control tech-
nology implementations. The information presented In
the report was acquired from a review of published in-
formation; trade association participation; personal
contacts; visits to various plants and corporate offices
of germane companies; waste sample analysis; and
the application of an econometric model to project
waste loads for 1977 and 1983.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Rubber industry,
•Solid waste disposal, Management planning, Industri-
al waste treatment, Process charting, Design criteria,
Economics, Manufacturing, Assessments, Environ-
mental surveys, Tires, Reclamation, Footwear, Hoses,
Belts, Technology, Earth fills, SIC 30, SIC 3011, SIC
3021, SIC 3031, SIC 3041, 'Liquid wastes, Land dis-
posal.
PB-282 073/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Hazardous Waste Management Div.
Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Wast* Prac-
tices, Rubber and Plastics Industry. Appendices.
Final rept. Apr 75-Apr 76.
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Florham Park, N.J.
Joel M. Kushnir, and Stephen F. Nagy. Mar 78,46p*
EPA/530/SW-163C-4
Contract EPA-68-01-3194
See also PB-282 072.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-282 069-
SET.
This Industry study is one of a series under the Office
of Solid Waste Management Program of the Hazard-
ous Waste Management Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The report concentrates on the
rubber and plastics industry. It characterizes these In-
dustries in terms of number, location, size and age of
plants, products, processes, etc.; Identifies and quanti-
fies those wastes which are or may be generated by
these industries; describes current practices for treat-
ment and disposal of potentially hazardous wastes;
determines the control technologies which might be
applied to reduce hazards presented by these wastes
upon disposal; and estimates the cost of control tech-
nology Implementations. The Information presented in
the report was acquired from a review of published In-
formation; trade association participation; personal
contacts; visits to various plants and corporate offices
of germane companies; waste sample analysis; and
the application of an econometric model to project
waste loads for 1977 and 1983.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Rubber Industry,
•Plastic Industry, 'Solid waste disposal, Management
planning, Industrial wastes, Assessments, Envlron-
December 1983 441
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental surveys, Economic analysis, Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Manufacturers, SIC 282,
SIC 30, 'Liquid wastes, Lists.
PB-282 074/4 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Safety Manual for Wastewater Treatment with
Oxygen Aeration. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. Rocket-
dyne Div.
Walter Unterberg, Lloyd D. Hedenland, and George R.
Schneider. Jun 78,178p* R-9787, EPA/600/2-78/133
Contract EPA-68-03-2078
This safety manual provides design, operating, and
safety personnel of municipal wastewater treatment
plants which use oxygen aeration of activated sludge
systems with the knowledge to prevent hazards due to
the interaction of the oxygen with combustibles and
other hazardous materials which may be dumped or
formed in the wastewater. These hazards include fires,
explosions, and toxic gases; all injurious to personnel
and plant equipment alike. All potential sources of haz-
ardous materials were considered, which led to the in-
clusion in the manual of (1) the wastewater train (col-
lection, primary treatment and secondary treatment),
and (2) the oxygen train (qn-site generation or trucked-
in supply, storage and injection into the activated
sludge system). The concept followed in this manual
was to discuss the sources and nature of hazardous
wastes, their detection at various stages, and safe
design and treatment practices to minimize adverse ef-
fects. Consideration was given to the special problems
of industrial wastewater which most urban plants must
handle, and the organizational side of plant safety.
Safety checklists are provided for the major compo-
nents of all systems in (1) and (2) above.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Safety, 'Aeration,
'Manuals, Activated sludge process, Fires, Explo-
sions, Gases, Industrial hygiene, Equipment, Urban
areas, Design criteria, Oxygen* Toxic substances.
PB-282 088/4 Not available NTIS
A Further Evaluation of Mlcrocoulometry for At-
mospheric Nitric Acid Monitoring,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Chester W. Spicer, Gerald F. Ward, and Bruce W. Gay.
29 Nov 77,13p EPA/600/ J-78/012
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
Pub. in Analytical Letters, A11 Source tape is in , p85-
951978.
A coulometric instrument for measuring gaseous nitric
acid is modified to improve response time characteris-
tics and simplify operation. Possible interferences
were investigated and found minimal. Comparison
measurements of nitric acid by long path Fourier
Transform infrared analysis of smog chamber experi-
ments were in good agreement and serve to confirm
the utility of the coulometric method. (Copyright (c)
1978 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Coulometers, 'Nitric acid, 'Gas detectors,
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Infrared spectros-
cqpy, Comparison, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Monitoring, "Air pollution detection, Long path
infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectros-
copy, Reprints.
PB-282 089/2 PC A06/MF A01
Advanced OH Processing/Utilization Environmen-
tal Engineering: EPA Program Status Report,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
P. P. Turner, S. L. Rakes, and T. W. Petrie. May 78,
107p EPA/600/7-78/077
The report gives the status of EPA/IERL-RTP's Ad-
vanced Oil Processing Program. It projects the
amounts and normal practice and patterns of the use
of residual oil and the contaminants in residual oil,
using emission standards as a yard stick to indicate
where potential problems exist. It describes the devel-
opment of environmental assessment and control
technology, and discusses alternatives or choices of
methods for the use of residual oil. Methods available
or considered for the use of residual oil include: direct
combustion, fluid-bed combustion, partial oxidation,
chemically active fluid-bed (CAFB) combustion, direct
hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and combinations of these
technologies. It gives the history of lERL-RTP's pro-
gram and the relationship of CAFB to other alterna-
tives. It outlines the environmental assessment of re-
sidual oil use and control technology development. It
gives program subobjectives, work tasks, and accom-
plishment plans, with funding levels. It discusses par-
ticipating contractors and grantees, with their scope of
work outlines and project descriptions. A section deals
with the ' effort toward HDS,
hydrodenitrogenation(HDN), and demetallization tech-
niques for residual oils and like-derived fuels. It lists
references and related EPA reports and staff papers.
Keywords: 'Residual oils, 'Air pollution control, 'Com-
bustion products, Fluidized bed processing, Substi-
tutes, Particles, Flue gases, Sulfur, Manufacturing, Ni-
trogen, Trace elements, Organic compounds, Stand-
ards, Scrubbers, Utilization, Technology, Cargo trans-
portation, Concentration(Composition), Assessments,
Limestone, Oxidation, Calcium oxides, Metals, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Oil pollution, 'Fuel oils.
PB-282 090/0 PC A19/MF A01
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurl-
zatlon Held at Hollywood, Florida, November
1977. Volume I,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Franklin A. Ayer. Mar 78,440p* EPA/600/7-78/058a
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also report Volume 2, PB-282 091.
The proceedings document presentations made
during the symposium, which dealt with the status of
flue gas desulfurization technology in the United
States and abroad. Subjects considered included: re-
generable, non-regenerable, and advanced process-
es; process costs; and by-product disposal, utilization,
and marketing. The purpose of the symposium was to
provide developers, vendors, users and those con-
cerned with regulatory guidelines with a current review
of progress made in applying processes for the reduc-
tion of sulfur dioxide emissions at the full- and semi-
commercial scale.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Meetings, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Nitrogen oxides, Economic analysis, Atmos-
pheric models, Scrubbers, Limestone, Calcium oxides,
Oxidation, Performance evaluation, Electric power
plants, Air quality, Limestone scrubbing.
PB-282 091/8 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfuri-
zation Held at Hollywood, Florida, November
1977. Volume II,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Franklin A. Ayer. Mar 78,614p* EPA/600/7078/058b
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also Volume 1, PB-282 090.
The proceedings document presentations made
during the symposium, which dealt with the status of
flue gas desulfurization technology in the United
States and abroad. Subjects considered included: re-
generable, non-regenerable, and advanced process-
es; process costs; and by-product disposal, utilization,
and marketing. The purpose of the symposium was to
provide developers, vendors, users and those con-
cerned with regulatory guidelines with a current review
of progress made in applying processes for the reduc-
tion of sulfur dioxide emissions at the full- and semi-
commercial scale.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, Flue
gases, Economics, Industrial wastes, Byproducts, Ma-
terials recovery, Sulfur, Sulfur dioxide, Markets, Car-
bonates, Oxidation, Catalysts, Sludge disposal, Ci-
trates, Electric power plants, Pilot plants, Scrubbers,
Particles, Absorption, Wellman process, Magnesium
oxide scrubbing, Limestone scrubbing.
PB-282 093/4 PC A02/MF A01
Ethylmercury: Formation In Plant Tissues and Re-
lation to Methy(mercury Formation. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
L. C. Fortmann, D. D. Gay, and K. O. Wirtz. Apr 78,14p
EPA/600/3-78/037
Seedlings of the common dwarf garden pea, Pisum sa-
tivum, cv. Little Marvel, exposed to elemental mercury
vapor formed both methylmercury and ethylmercury in
all parts of the plant. Concentrations of both organo-
mercury compounds fluctuated considerably over a
48-hour exposure period, but the total of detectable
forms of mercury continued to rise due to increased
ethylmercury formation. Ethylmercury formation was
greater in the light than in the dark, but methylmercury
concentration did not differ significantly. The pattern of
change in the concentrations of methylmercury and
ethylmercury suggests both are metabolites of a single
mercury pathway in peas.
Keywords: 'Peas, 'Vegetables, 'Plant chemistry, Le-
guminous plants, Mercury organic compounds, Metab-
olism, Plant physiology, Exposure, Vapors, Trace ele-
ments, •Mercury/methyl, 'Mercury/ethyl, Biotransfor-
mation, Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, Pisum sati-
vum.
PB-282 094/2 PC A06/MF A01
Lake of the Ozarks: Water Quality Management
Plan. Rept. for 1970-1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Jun 74,120p EPA/907/9-74/003
This study is designated a Metropolitan/Regional
Plan, and proposes the most advantageous and eco-
nomically feasible plan for protection and enhance-
ment of the water quality of the Lake of the Ozarks. Its
scope includes a review of available reports on popula-
tion, land use, recreation and flood control and evalua-
tion of these relative to potential impact on water qual-
ity. Also it reviews the existing domestic and industrial
and agricultural waste sources and treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Lake of the Ozarks, 'Regional planning, Land
use, Sewage treatment, Industrial wastes, Sewage,
Population growth, Monitoring, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Temperature, Bacteria, Turbidity, Nutrients,
Dams, Environmental impacts, Missouri, Eutrophica-
tion, Water pollution standards.
PB-282 096/7 PC A04/MF A01
Bat Management In the United States: A Survey of
Legislative Actions, Court Decisions and Agency
Interpretations. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, III. Region
Thomas M. Lera, and Sue Fortune. Apr 78,53p* EPA/
905/3-78/001
In 1966, Congress enacted legislation which afforded
native animals legal protection. Since that time, this
legislation has been twice revised. The current Endan-
gered Species Act of 1973, provides not only animals
but also plants with what appears to be a reasonable
degree of protection and survival. Recent court deci-
sions support the concept and validity of the Endan-
gered Species Act of 1973. This paper is the result of a
survey conducted throughout 14 Federal departments
and agencies in order to obtain their interpretation of
this legislation, and more specifically, how bats are
protected by this interpretation. The survey included
four Questions: (1) What Federal laws, regulations and
guidelines govern your Agency's actions regarding
both the protection and/or eradication of bats; (2) How
has your Agency interpreted these laws, regulations
and guidelines in the formation of its internal policies;
(3) What do your protection policies Include; (4) If
eradication is necessary, what methods and recom-
mendations are followed, and what chemicals and in
what dosages are allowed.
Keywords: 'Bats, 'Wildlife, United States, Surveys,
Legislation, Federal agencies, Chiroptera, Eutheria,
Protection, Law(Jurisprudence), National government,
Regulations, Guidelines, Policies, Methodology, Elimi-
nation, Ecology, Department of Agriculture, 'Endan-
gered species, Department of Defense, Department of
Housing and Urban Development, Department of Inte-
rior, Department of State, Environmental Protection
Agency, Council on Environmental Quality, Depart-
ment of Commerce, Department of Health Education
and Welfare, Department of Justice, Department of
Labor, Department of Transportation, Tennessee
Valley Authority, Habitats, Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy, Endangered Species Act of 1973.
442 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-282 114/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste.
WARP: A Model for Regional Documentation of
Operational and Exercise Runa,
MhreCorp., Bedford, Mass.
Edward B. Barman. Apr 76, 258p* EPA/530/SW-164C
Contract EPA-68-01 -2976
WRAP, the Waste Resources Allocation Program, is a
model to guide decision makers in the process of plan-
ning management systems for processing, recovery,
and disposal of solid wastes. The model uses a linear
fixed-charge algorithm in the examination of economic
considerations. This book documents the operational
and exercise runs performed with the model in the
course of its development. The sites selected for ex-
amination in the runs were the St. Louis metropolitan
area and Northeastern Massachusetts. Documenta-
tion of the model itself is available from the EPA, Office
of Solid Waste. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Models, 'Manage-
ment planning, Regional planning, Site surveys, Sys-
tems analysis, Algorithms, Materials recovery, Market-
Ing, Massachusetts, Missouri, Waste Resources Allo-
cation Program, 'Waste recycling, St. Louis(Missouri).
PB-282 211/2 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Water Recycle/Reuse Alternatives In Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Power Plants: Volume I. Plant
Studies and General Implementation Plans. Final
rept. Jun 75-Feb 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
James G. Noblett, and Peter G. Christman. Mar 78,
188p EPA/600/7-78/055A
Contract EPA-88-03-2339
The report gives results of an investigation of water re-
cycle/treatment/reuse alternatives in coal-fired power
plants. Five power plants from representative U.S. re-
gions were studied. The major water systems encoun-
tered were cooling, ash sluicing, and S02/particulate
Scrubbers. Results were used to provide general im-
plementation plans for the various options identified.
Computer models were used to identify the degree of
recirculatlon achievable in each water system without
forming scale. The effects of makeup water quality and
various operating parameters were determined for
*ach water system. Several alternatives for minimizing
water requirements and discharges were studied for
•ach plant, and rough cost estimates were made for
comparison. An implementation plan is presented for
*ach water system and is divided into phases, includ-
[[jfl system characterization, alternative evaluation,
Pilot studies, and full-scale implementation. This
volume discusses the recycle/treatment/reuse oppor-
tunities for cooling, ash sluicing, and SO2/particulate
Scrubbing systems as well as combined systems. It
•Iso Includes the implementation plans.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water reclama-
tion, Electric power plants. Air pollution control equip-
["ent, Industrial wastes, Circulation, Cooling systems,
Design criteria, Ashes, Coal, Sulfur dioxide, Particles,
Drubbing, Sampling, Substitutes, 'Coal fired power
Plants, 'Waste water reuse.
PCA21/MFA01
Air Quality Data - 1976 Annual Statistic* Including
Summaries with Reference to Standard*. Annual
™pt- for 1976.
|nvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
P«rk, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
WQ8.
Mar 78, 477p EPA/450/2-78/009
s** also report for 1 974 dated Aug 76, PB-258 494.
J"** report presents comprehensive summaries of
jwa produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
JJJjnp activities for 1976. The data are summarized in
j*o formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
°J data with reference to standards (Part II). These
•ummarte.8 are based on data acquired through exten-
*"•' monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
•pd local pollution control agencies and submitted to
J* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
2*ometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
S* Pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
standards have been set: total suspended particu-
*"•*. carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, and total oxidants. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the oxidant standard and monitoring for hy-
drocarbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards, Particles, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Oxidizers, Tables(Oata), Monitoring, National
government, State government, Local government,
Statistical distributions, 'Air quality data, National am-
bient air quality standards.
PB-282 213/8 PC A02/MF A01
Identification and Distribution of Inorganic Com-
ponents In Water. What to Measure. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Gary E. Glass. Sep 77,18p EPA/600/J-77/121
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v298p31-46,29Sep77.
The chemical forms of inorganic components in water
are widely varied and range from simple aquo com-
plexes in solution to complicated silicate minerals in
suspension. A variety of techniques are used to deter-
mine the total quantities of components in a particular
aqueous environment by summation of the Individual
chemical species present. The biological response of
organisms is not in general related to the total concen-
tration of the components present but only to some
fraction of the total, i.e., those chemical forms which
interact most strongly with the biota and are absorbed.
Chemical equilibria calculations are used to provide an
estimate of the distribution of metal and ligand species
in Lake Superior water and may be used to define im-
portant parameters of the system for study and meas-
urement. Comparisons of calculated chemical species
distribution with the direct toxic response of aquatic or-
ganisms show that only a small fraction of total copper
is toxic while much larger fractions of the total are toxic
for cadmium and mercury. When metals are bound in
silicate minerals they do not exhibit direct toxic effects
of fish but their internal organs do show metal uptake.
Some inorganic components of Lake Superior have
been identified and show concentrations in drinking
water for lead, 0.1-150 mlcrograms; s suspended
solids, 0.5-39 mg/l; inorganic fibers, up to one billion
cummingtonite-grunerite (amosite) and fiberglass, de-
pending upon the time and place of sampling.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Inorganic compounds,
Water pollution, Chemical equilibrium, Numerical anal-
ysis, Aquatic animals, Copper, Mercury(Metal), Cadmi-
um, Silicates, Lake Superior, Asbestos, Chemical anal-
ysis, Concentration(Composition), Chlorine, Fiberg-
lass, Bioassay, Fishes, Potable water, 'Water pollution
detection, Water pollution effects(Animals), Reprints.
PB-282 232/8 PC A02/MF A01
Paraquat Sorptlon as a Function of Particle Size In
Natural Sediment*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Samuel W. Karickhoff, and David S. Brown. 6 Jun 77,
10p EPA/600/J-76/013
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v7 n2 p246-252
Apr-Jun 78.
The distribution of sorbed paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-
bypyiridinium ion) as a function of particle size (send
through clay) was determined on five natural sedi-
ments. Paraquat concentrations in individual size frac-
tions varied as much as two orders of magnitude within
a given sediment, showing a pronounced preference
for the fine silt and clay fractions. Adsorption isotherms
were measured for individual size separates on one
sediment. Paraquat distributions in the whole sediment
agreed well with those computed using the Isotherm
coefficients determined on individual size separates.
Paraquat sorbs by ion exchange, and sorptlon partition
coefficients showed a definite correlation with the
cation exchange capacity (CEC) of individual size frac-
tions. However, exchange sites in different fractions
differed in their effectiveness in sorting paraquat, with
the fine silt and clay exchange sites being more effec-
tive than those of the larger separates.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, Pyridinium com-
pounds, Herbicides, Sediments, Adsorption, Isoth-
erms, Numerical analysis, Water pollution, 'Paraquat
herbicide, Bipyridinium/dimethyl, Reprints.
PB-282 245/0 PC A17/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Identification of Toxic Impurities In Technical
Grades of Pesticide* Designated as Substitute
Chemical*,
Battelle Columbus Lab., Ohio.
J. S. Warner, A. E. Bearse, R. E. Wyant, and P. A.
Clarke. May78,400p' EPA/600/1-78/031
Contract EPA-68-02-1705
Two different approaches were used to identify poten-
tially harmful impurities present in technical grade pes-
ticides. One approach was a theoretical approach that
Involved a literature search, study the manufacturing
processes, identifying the main reactions and the nu-
merous side reactions that may occur, listing the po-
tential impurities that may result, and estimating the
likelihood of the occurrence of such impurities at ug/g
or lower levels in the final product. The second ap-
proach was experimental and involved the use of com-
bined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-
MS) to Identify and quantify the major impurities actual-
ly present in technical-grade materials. In addition to
the above two tasks the program also included main-
taining, and assaying a repository of selected techni-
cal-grade pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Gas chro-
matography, Mass spectroscopy, Impurities, Bibliogra-
phies, 'Environmental chemical substitutes.
PB-282 246/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Disposal of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes: EPA Shaw-
nee Field Evaluation. Second Annual Report.
Annual rept. Sep 74-Oct 76,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
R. B. Fling, W. M. Graven, P. P. Leo, and J. Rossoff.
Feb78, 178p ATR-77(7297-01)-2, EPA/600/7-78/024
Contract EPA-68-02-1010
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-251 876
The report describes progress made during the first
two years of a field evaluation of treated and untreated
ponding techniques for the disposal of power plant flue
gas desulfurization sludges. The evaluation used two
10 MW lime and limestone flue gas scrubbers of TVA's
Shawnee Power Station, Paducah, Kentucky. Results
indicate that the concentration of total dissolved solids
(TDS) in the leachate of treated ponds was maximum
immediately after filling, or within a few months, and
was approximately half that of the input liquors. Leach-
ate from untreated ponds was similar, except that the
maximum was approximately the same as the TDS of
the input liquor. After 2 years, TDS in the leachates of
all ponds are between 33% and 50% of that of their re-
spective input liqflors. Leachates from the evaluation
ponds exhibit decreasing concentrations of chloride
ion, and the TDS have stabilized at approximately
gypsum saturation. Trace elements exhibited little
change. Chemically treated sludges continue to exhibit
good landfill strength and generally reduce the mass
release of sludge constituents to the subsoil by at least
2 orders of magnitude.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Scrubbers, 'Sludge
disposal, 'Industrial waste treatment,
'Lagoons(Ponds), Electric power plants, Flue gases,
Solid waste disposal, Leaching, Limestone, Earth fills,
Ground water, Management planning, Sites,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Water
analysis, Soil analysis, Hydrology, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, 'Shawnee power plant, Limestone scrub-
bing.
PB-282 255/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Design Criteria for Rocket Exhaust Scrubbers.
Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 77,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
Harry F. Barbarika, and Seymour Calvert. Mar 78,214p
EPA/600/7-78/057
Contract EPA-68-02-2145
Prepared for Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab., Ed-
wards AFB, Calif.
The report gives results of an engineering study and
design of methods for scrubbing the exhaust of static-
tested solid rockets. Pollutants of major concern were
December 1983 443
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride gases. The
best process for removing these gases was found to
be a gas-atomized spray scrubber, using the power
supplied by the rocket to atomize the scrubbing liquid.
Four tests in the 22 kN pilot-scale rocket scrubber at
the U.S. Air Force Propulsion Laboratory were ana-
lyzed to aid in the design. Two types of gas-atomized
scrubbers were designed: one was a conventional
design similar to a venturi; the other was a low-cost un-
conventional open type, using neither pressure piping
nor a ducted spray chamber. Cost analyses were
made for both types of rockets with thrusts between 20
kN and 2 MM.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Scrubbers, 'Rocket exhaust, Design criteria, Solid
rocket propellents, Liquid rocket propellents, Perform-
ance evaluation, Hydrogen chloride, Hydrogen flu-
oride, Sampling, Particles, Computer programs, For-
tran, 'Gas atomized spray scrubbers.
PB-282 256/7 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Operation and Maintenance of Paniculate Control
Devices on Selected Steel and Ferroalloy Proc-
esses. Final rept. Jun 76-Nov 77,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Michael F. Szabo, and Richard W. Gerstle. Mar 78,
394p EPA/600/2-78/037
Contract EPA-68-02-2105
The report deals with the control of fine paniculate
emission from iron, steel, and ferroalloy plants using
electrostatic precipitators, wet scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters (baghouses). It provides information on the selec-
tion, operation, and expected performance of conven-
tional air pollution control devices, based on current
design practice, theoretical models, performance, cost
predictions, and information in the literature.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Iron and steel industry, 'Ferroal-
loys, 'Air pollution control equipment, Particles, Elec-
trostatic precipitators, Scrubbers, Air filters, Sources,
Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Dry method,
Wet method, Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB-282 269/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Control for Fugitive Dust. Final rept.
Dec 76-Dec 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
George E. Weant, III, and Ben H. Carpenter. Apr 78,
85p EPA/600/7-78/071
Contract EPA-68-01 -4141
The report gives results of a study of paniculate con-
trol for fugitive dust. Study results indicate that many
Air Quality Control Regions (AQCRs) do not meet am-
bient air standards for particulates. In a majority of
these ACQRs, the emissions from fugitive dust
sources are higher than those from nonfugitive
sources. In most cases, unpaved roads provide the
greatest amount of emissions. Agricultural tilling and
construction activity also contribute substantial
amounts. The reentrainment of particles from paved
roads also provides large quantities in urban areas.
The study concludes that present control strategies for
fugitive sources are Inadequate. Even with reductions
In fugitive emissions of 50% for unpaved roads, 40%
for agricultural tilling, and 30% for construction, most
of the 150 AQCRs that exceeded total suspended par
ticulate standards will still probably exceed them. In
addition, area sources will still dominate all other emis-
sions sources. Thus more effective control measures
must be developed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dust control, 'Parti-
cles, Roads, Construction, Cultivation, Standards,
Pavements, Sources, Performance evaluation,
Trends, 'Air quality, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-282 312/8 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Effluent Monitoring Procedure*: Basle Laboratory
Skllli Staff Qulde,
Charles County Community Coll., La Plata, Md.
David M. Wagner, William t. Engel, and John H.
Highby. May 78,211 p EPA-430/1 -78/005
Supersedes EPA-430/1-75-008 and PB-244 919.
This manual is designed for use by instructors who will
have to leach others basic laboratory skills needed to
perform National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) analyses. It is to be used in conjunc-
tion with the Student Reference Manual bearing the
same title (EPA-430/1-77-011). It includes topics relat-
ed to the presentation of training courses in which the
NPDES analyses would be taught. These topics in-
clude examples of course announcements, course
agenda, and course certificates; consideration of train-
ing staff, training facilities, course records, and regis-
tration procedures. Also included are Instructional
Package Worksheets (lesson plans) giving details rela-
tive to presenting instruction regarding each of the
basic laboratory skills covered in the associated Stu-
dent Reference Manual.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Water analysis,
"Manuals, Education, Water pollution, Monitors, Labo-
ratory equipment, Volumetric analysis, Numerical anal-
ysis, Microbiology, Forms(Paper), Work measurement,
"Water pollution detection. National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System, Sewage treatment el-
fluents.
PB-282 313/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Sllvlcultural Activities and Non-Point Pollution
Abatement: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Proce-
dure. Final rept.
Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
Nov77. 134p EPA/600/8-77/018
This report focuses upon erosion that contributes to
non-point source pollution occurring in forested envi-
ronments as a result of silvicultural activities. Specifi-
cally, the document discusses three topics: (1) silvicul-
tural practices that are currently being applied through-
out the United States with indications of how these
practices may affect the rate of erosion, (2) a method
for determining the cost-effectiveness of erosion, (2) a
method for determining the cost-effectiveness of ero-
sion controls that could mitigate or prevent the ad-
verse effects of silvicultural practices, and (3) exam-
ples applying the described method for economic ana-
lyssis using information presented in (1). The informa-
tion and outlined method are intended for forest man-
agers and water quality planners to enhance analysis
and improve decisions concerning the reduction of
non-point pollution problems.
Keywords: 'Forest land, "Cost effectiveness, "Water
pollution abatement, Erosion control, Assessments,
Economic models, Cost estimates, Mulches, Fertiliz-
ers, Seeds, Slopes, Roads, Planting, Harvesting, Lum-
bering, United States, Silviculture, Nonpoint sources.
PB-282 339/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Walker Lake, Mineral County, Nevada. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,27p WORKING PAPER-813
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phophorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Walker Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Nevada, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Mineral County(Nevada).
PB-282 343/3 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lynn Reservoir, Box Elder County, Utah. Final
rept. 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Nov 77,23p WORKING PAPER-843
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Utah State Dlv.
of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah National Guard, and
Salt Lake City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lynn Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Utah, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Box Elder County(Utah).
PB-282 346/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Air Quality Impacts of Transit Improvement, Pref-
erential Lane, and Carpool/Vanpool Programs.
Final rept.,
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, D.C.
John F. DiRenzo, and Richard B. Rubin. Mar 78,125p'
EPA/400/2-78/002A
Contract EPA-68-01-3912
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., McLean, Va. Sponsored in part by Department of
Transportation, Washington, D.C. See also PB-282
347.
The report has been prepared in accordance with Sec-
tion 108(0 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, August
1977. It is intended to assist urban areas in developing
State Implementation Plans and integrating their trans-
portation system management and air quality planning
programs as required by FHWA, UMTA, and EPA. The
report analyzes the air quality, travel, energy consump-
tion, economic, and cost impacts of three types of
transportation programs: priority treatment for nigh oc-
cupancy vehicles on freeways and arterials; areawide
carpool and vanpool programs; and transit fare reduc-
tions and service improvements. Important factors
(e.g., meteorological conditions, traffic volumes and
speeds and changes in modal choice) likely to influ-
ence air quality and emissions for the above programs
are also analyzed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban transportation,
"Transportation management, Planning, Coordination,
Travel, Mass transportation, Services, Exhaust emis-
sion, Meteorology, vehicular traffic, Freeways, Energy
conservation, Cost effectiveness, Fuel consumption,
Air quality, Clean Air Act, Transportation planning, Bus
priority systems, Car pools, Van pools, Car pool lanes,
Energy consumption, Transit fares, Preferential lanes,
Environment management, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-282 347/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Air Quality Impacts of Transit Improvement, Pref-
erential Lane, and Carpool Programs: An Anno-
tated Bibliography of Demonstration and Analyt-
ical Experience. Final rept.,
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, D.C.
John F. DiRenzo, and Richard B. Rubin. Mar 78,88p*
EPA/400/2-78/002B
Contract EPA-68-3912
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., McLean, Va. Sponsored in part by Department of
Transportation, Washington, D.C. See also PB-282
346.
In accordance with the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1977, the Environmental Protection Agency is evaluat-
ing the use and cost-effectiveness of alternative short-
range transit fare and service improvement strategies,
carpool and vanpool strategies, and strategies involv-
ing the preferential treatment of high occupancy vehi-
cles to improve air quality In urban areas. The evalua-
tion of individual strategies end combinations of the
above strategies includes their emission and air quality
impacts and their related energy, noise, and economic
impacts. A comprehensive literature review was also
conducted, as part of this evaluation, to Identify both
observed and projected travel, emission, air quality.
energy, noise, and economic Impacts of the short-
range low-cost strategies of interest.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban transportation,
'Transportation management, 'Bibliographies, Plan-
ning, Coordination, Travel, Mass transportation, Serv-
ices, Exhaust emission, Meteorology, Vehicular traffic-
Freeways, Energy conservation, Cost effectiveness,
444 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fuel consumption, Air quality, Clean Air Act, Transpor-
tation planning, Bus priority systems, Car pools, Van
pools, Car pool lanes, Energy consumption, Transit
fares, Preferential lanes, Environment management,
*Air pollution abatement.
PB-282 350/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Tampa Bay Area Photochemical Oxldant Study.
Appendix C. l*oprene Emission Rates from Live
Oak. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency/Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, Oreg.
David T. Tingey, William C. Ratsch, Marybeth Manning,
Louis C. Grothaus, and Walter F. Burns. Apr 78, 30p
EPA/9Q4/9-78/004
There is a growing awareness about the role of vege-
tation as a source of reactive hydrocarbons that may
serve as photochemical oxidant precursors. A study
was designed to access the Influence, independently,
of variable light and temperature on Isoprene emis-
sions from live oak. Plants were contained In a growth
chamber, then transferred to an environmentally con-
trolled gas-exchange chamber. Samples of the cham-
ber atmosphere were collected, Isoprene was concen-
trated cryogenlcally and measured by gas chromatog-
raphy. The logistic function was used to moadel slo-
prene emission rates.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Isoprene, 'Oak trees, Oxl-
dteers, Sources, Luminous Intensity, Temperatures,
Plants(Botany), Metabolism, Florida, Leaves(Botany),
Laboratory equipment, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Gas chromatography, Hydrocarbons, Atmospheric
chemistry, "Emission rates, Photochemical oxldants,
rampa(Florida).
PB-282 367/2 PC A02/MF A01
Role of Physlco-Chemlcal Properties of Aroclora
1016 and 1242 In Determining Their Fate and
Transport In Aquatic Envlronmenta. Journal article,
environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Doris F. Paris, William C. Steen, and George L.
faughman. 1978, 9p EPA/600/J-78-014
Pub. in Chemosphere v7 n4, p31 9-325, 1 978.
Water solubilities of Aroclora 1016 and 1242 and the
•option and volatilization characteristics of the two
Ppiychlorinated blphenyls in aqueous solutions were
studied. Water solubilities of Aroclors 1016 and 1242
*«re 0.42(+ or - 0.08) and 0.34(+ or - 0.06) mg/l, re-
spectively. Partition coefficients for both Aroclora to
Bacteria and seston ranged from 1.2 to 8300. Volatll-
«ajon studies indicate that the rate coefficient for loss
Of Aroclor 1 01 6 or 1 242 from water Is about one-fourth
108 oxygen reaeratlon rate coefficient for the same
system.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water analysis, Chlorine or-
wanic compounds, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatog-
JfPhy, Sorption, Vaporizing, Solubility,
~oncentratlon(Composltion), Reaction kinetics, *Aro-
521 1016' 'Araclor 1242, 'Path of pollutants, 'Water
Pollution detection, Reprints, Polychlorinated blphen-
300/4
PC A06/MF A01
Inst for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
*" Economic Evaluation of Proposed Amend-
fwrta to the Illinois Sulfur Dioxide Regulation,
{VQonne National Lab., III. Energy and Environmental
fy«ems Dlv.
«ian S. Cohen. Nov 77, 1 1 ip IIEQ-77-36
Contents:
lmroduction-(Control strategies evaluated,
pollution sources analyzed, benefits and costs
considered, sulfur dioxide vs sulfates, and
interpretation of the results);
oeneftts of pollution control-(Mortallty, morbidity,
materials, vegetation, and summary);
"-oat of pollution control technology options-(Flue
gas desulfurization, particulate control devices,
and fuel switching);
Benefit/cost analysis-(The benefit/cost simulation
model, and empirical results).
: 'Air pollution control, 'Regulations, 'Sulfur
'Illinois, 'Economic analysis, Standards,
gases, Particles, Sources, Public health, Vegetation,
Capitalized costs, 'Air quality.
PB-282 392/0 PC A03/MF A01
Above Ground Qamma Ray Logging tor Locating
Structures and Areas Containing Elevated Levels
of Uranium Decay Chain Radlonuclldes. Technical
note (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Joseph M. Hans, Jr., Gregory G. Eadie, Jack Thrall,
and Bruce Peterson. Apr 78, 46p ORP/LV-78/2
This report describes the construction and operation
of a mobile gamma ray logging system used to locate
areas and structures containing elevated levels of nat-
ural uranium decay chain radionuclldes. The detector
system consists of a sodium iodide crystal coupled to
four photomultiplier tubes and associated electronic
system which permits both an audible indication and a
strip chart recording of gamma ray photon count rates.
Under normal operations, the detector assembly is
mounted in a van at about two meters above the
amma ray logs are obtained while
ground surface and ga
travelling at about 16 kilometers per hour (10 mph).
This system has been used extensively in the Pocatei-
lo and Soda Springs, Idaho areas and Identified about
1900 locations where phosphate slag has been used
for various construction purposes. The system has
also been used In several other communities to Identi-
fy locations where uranium mill tailings or pumice, con-
taining slightly elevated concentrations of natural ra-
dioactivity, was used for construction purposes.
Keywords: 'Radiation monitors, 'Gamma counters,
•Radioactive isotopes, 'Industrial wastes, Air pollu-
tion, Uranium Isotopes, Tailings, Uranium ores, Phos-
phate deposits, Construction materials, Slags, Pumice,
Natural radioactivity, Pavements, Reclamation, Instru-
mentation, Sodium Iodides, Photomultlplier tubes,
Mobile equipment, Radium, 'Mine wastes, Phosphate
industry, Air pollution detection, Gamma detection.
PB-282 412/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Jet Engine Teat Cells - Emissions and Control
Measures: Phase 2. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Group.
John Kelly, and Edward Chu. Apr 78,158p* ACUREX/
TR-78/102, EPA/340/1-78/001B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4142
Background Information is provided on the environ-
mental aspects of uncontrolled and controlled military
jet engine test cell operations. The environmental
impact of these operations Is considered on both a
source and an air quality basis. Some of the uncon-
trolled Jet engine test cell exhaust plumes exceed local
opacity regulations for stationary sources. However,
the air quality Impact of uncontrolled operations Is
small. Wet-packed scrubber, jet engine clean combus-
tor, and ferrocene fuel-additive test cell emissions con-
trol strategies are described. Clean combustor tech-
nology and Its associated cost of implementation are
discussed In detail. Wet-packed scrubber construction
cost estimates are also examined In detail. These con-
trol methods probably reduce jet engine test cell plume
opacity below local regulations. However, based on
limited data, It Is estimated that for some Jet engine
tests, applying clean combustors can cause NOx
emissions to rise above local stationary source regula-
tions. The air quality Impact of controlled jet engine
test cell emissions is small. Jet engine and test cell
emissions data collected during this study are summa-
rized in this document.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Test facilities, Scrubbers, Nitrogen oxides, Fuel addi-
tives, Ferrocenes, Combustion chambers, Jet engines,
Technology, Smoke, Cost analysis, Particles,
Tables(Data), Wet methods, Air quality.
PB-282 413/4 PC A08/MF A01
•The Federal Task Force for Hazardous Materials
Management' of the Western Federal Regional
Council, Region IX, August 1, 1973 to June 30,
1977. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Chariest. Bourns. 1 Mar78,170p'
This report describes a Region-wide, multi-Federal
cost analysis, Sulfates, Technology, Flue Agency Task Force effort to plan and implement man-
agement of hazardous wastes. The report contains a
directory of Federal personnel concerned with envi-
ronmental management a Regional inventory of Haz-
ardous wastes from Federal Agencies, a survey of ex-
isting Federal Facilities for Hazardous waste manage-
ment, criteria for selecting a site for land disposal, re-
cycling hazardous materials retrograde chemical and
pesticide management by the Department of Defense,
technology and information transfer actions, coordina-
tion with State Agencies, summary and recommenda-
tions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Environmental surveys, National government,
Guidelines, Surveys, Facilities, Pesticides, Chemicals,
Technology, State government, Regulations, Land dis-
posal.
PB-282 427/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Wlfd Horae Reservoir, Elko County, Nevada. Final
rept. 1975,
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sap 77,46p WORKING PAPER-815
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Wild Horse Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Nevada, Eutro-
phicatlon, 'Water quality data, Elko County(Nevada).
PB-282 428/2 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Inventory of Combustion-Related Emissions from
Stationary Sources (Second Update). Rept. for Jul
74-Apr 78,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
Vernon E. Kemp, and Owen W. Dykema. Jun 78,
388p* ATR-78f7613)-1, EPA/600/7-78/100
Grant EPA-R-803283
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-266109.
The report describes the full period of a study covering
the combustion-related emissions phase of a 3-year
program on the analysis of NOx control in stationary
sources. The study was aimed at helping to establish
priorities for detailed studies of techniques for control-
ling combustion-related emissions from stationary
sources. The Inventory Includes emissions of NOx,
HC, CO, and partlculates from stationary sources, not
only primarily Involving combustion but also where
combustion plays a secondary role. During each of the
3 years of the study, emissions were inventoried for se-
lected Industries or processes: (1st year) boilers, sta-
tionary 1C engines, chemical manufacturing, and petro-
leum refining; (2nd year) primary metals and HC evap-
oration; (3rd year) secondary metals and mineral and
wood products. The report Identifies 91-98% of the
stationary sources of the four air pollutants. Charge
rates, emissions, and uncertainties in all data are pro-
jected Into the future and, In this report, are shown for
the years 1977 and 1982.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Wood products, In-
ventories, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Minerals, Metals, Evaporation, Petroleum Industry, Re-
fineries, Chemical Industry, Internal combustion en-
gines, Carbon monoxide, Forecasting, Tables(Data),
Boilers, Forecasting, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Electric power plants, Data analysis, "Sta-
tionary sources, Point sources, Hydrocarbon evapora-
tion, Fugitive emissions.
PB-282 429/0 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 445
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Symposium Proceedings: Environmental Aspects
of Fuel Conversion Technology, III (September
1977, Hollywood, Florida). Final rept. Apr 77-Feb
78,
Research Triangle lost., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Franklin A. Aver, and Martin F. Massoglia. Apr 78,
647p* EPA/600/7-78/063
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
See also PB-257182.
The report covers EPA's third symposium on the envi-
ronmental aspects of fuel conversion technology. The
symposium was conducted in Hollywood, Florida, Sep-
tember 13-16, 1977. Its main objective was to review
and discuss environmentally related information in the
field of fuel conversion technology. Specific topics
were program approach, environmental assessment,
and control technology development. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
"Meetings, Minnows, Toxicity, Bioassay, Gas analysis,
Assessments, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Air
pollution, Industrial wastes, Biodeterioration, Organic
compounds, Trace elements, Phenols, Particles,
Fossil fuels, Byproducts, Forecasting, Solubility, Or-
ganic compounds, Volatility, Flue gases, Equipment,
Design criteria Boilers, Pilot plants. Coal liquefaction,
SRC process, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes, Path of pol-
lutants, Synthetic fuels, Solubility, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Fisher-Tropsch synthesis.
PB-282 432/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Washoe Lake, Wathoe County, Nevada. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,45p WORKING PAPER-814
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Washoe Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Nevada, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Washoe County(Nevada).
PB-282 436/5 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Construction Costa for Municipal Wsstewater
Treatment Plants: 1073-1977.
Dames and Moore, Denver, Colo.
Jan 78,214p* EPA/430/9-77/013,, EPA/MCD-37
The purposes of this study were to collect, categorize
and analyze construction bid data for wastewater
treatment plants nationwide with the goal of providing
a reference for estimating future facility costs. The
construction bid Information was obtained from the
construction grant files of each of the ten EPA Region-
al Offices. Ail facilities sampled are municipally-owned
treatment plants funded after 1973 under Public Law
92-500. The 536 treatment plant construction projects
sampled Included new, enlarged and upgraded facili-
ties. Stabilization pond and aerated lagoon cost infor-
mation was included along with that for mechanical
plants.
Keywords: 'Construction costs, 'Sewage treatment
•Municipalities, Cost estimates, Cost indexes, Cost
comparison, Engineering costs, LagoonsfPonds), Aer-
ation, Chlorination, Trickling filters, Sewage filtration,
Activated sludge process. Flotation, Sludge digestion,
Dewatering, Sludge drying, Clarification, Pumping,
Graphs(Charts), 'Sewage treatment plants, Construc-
tion bids, Secondary treatment.
PB-282 443/1 PC A08/MF A01
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Fla.
Annual Conference on Advanced Pollution Con-
trol for the Metal Finishing Industry (1st), Held at
Lake Buena Vista, Florida on January 17-19, 1978.
Conference proceedings, Jan 78,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
G. S. Thompson, Jr. May 78,152p EPA/600/8-78/010
Sponsored in part by American Electroplaters' Society,
Inc., Winter Park, Fla.
Subject report contains technical research papers
given at the First Annual Conference on Advanced
Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing Industry. This
conference was held in January, 1978 and was co-
sponsored by the USEPA and the American Electro-
platers' Society (AES). Report contains papers on
lERL-Ci research efforts and covers all facets of air,
water, and solid waste pollution control.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Metal industry, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Meetings, 'Water pollution control,
'Solid waste disposal, Forecasting, Regulations, De-
greasing, Incinerators, Organic compounds, Electro-
plating, Feasibility, Electrochemistry, Leaching, Sludge
disposal, Evaporation, Corrosion inhibitors, Mem-
branes, Trace elements, Cyanides, Inorganic sulfides,
Hydroxides, Reverse osmosis, Solid wastes, Toxic
substances, Heavy metals.
PB-282 446/4 PC A03/MF A01
Working Level Screening Survey of Structures
Constructed of Materials Containing Pumice. Final
rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Richard L. Douglas, Joseph M. Hans, Jr., and
Theodore Wolff. May 78,28p ORP/LV-78/6
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Health and
Environment Dept., Santa Fe, N.M. Radiation Protec-
tion Section.
This report describes the results of a screening survey
conducted in several northern New Mexico communi-
ties to estimate the levels of radon progeny (working
levels) in buildings constructed of materials containing
pumice. This locally-produced material is used as a
lightweight aggregate in concrete blocks, and contains
slightly elevated levels of natural radionuclides. The
screening survey results indicate that the use of
pumice block may increase the working level in the
structure, although the effect is so small that it is diffi-
cult to separate it from background variations and from
the variability caused by other parameters.
Keywords: 'Pumice, 'Buildings, 'Natural radioactivity,
'Radon, Lightweight aggregates, Construction materi-
als, Monitoring, Radioactive contamination, Sampling,
Gamma rays, New Mexico.
PB-282 447/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Houston Urban Plume Study - 1974, Description
and Summary of Results. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
James R. Brock. May 78,33p EPA/600/3-78/048A
Grant EPA-R-800871
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-279 409.
The 1974 Houston Urban Plume Study (HUPS) was
undertaken as a preliminary investigation of some of
the unresolved features of Houston's air pollution
problem. HUPS was intended specifically to gain limit-
ed information on the spatial and temporal distribution
of air pollutants-particulariy, primary and secondary
aerosols-in the Houston area as an aid should a later
intensive investigation of aerosol character and trans-
port be needed. Aerial measurements were made of
the principal pollutants (SO2, NOx, O3, CO, aerosol) of
the Houston area. Wind-field measurements were also
made. These data were used to estimate pollutant
budgets. Values for S02 and NOx (14 metric tons/hr
and 40 metric tons/hr, respectively) were reasonably
comparable with values derived from emissions inven-
tories of the Texas Air Control Board (13 and 24 metric
tons/hr, respectively). On the basis of the limited sam-
pling period, the industrial area (east of downtown
Houston) apparently Is the major contributor of primary
air pollutants in the Houston area. In the morning hours
above the mixed layer, relatively large ozone concen-
trations (max. 0.2 ppm)-almost certainly of photo-
chemical-origin were found that correlated closely
with light scattering aerosol, thus indicating the exist-
ence above the mixed layer of strong secondary aero-
sol sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, "Plumes, Man-
agement planning, Texas, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Wind(Meteorology),
Aerial surveys, Light scattering,
Concentration(Composition), Particles,
'Houston(Texas).
PB-282 465/4 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Safety Aspects of Oxygen Aeration Activated
Sludge Systems. Final rept. 1974-76,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Calif. Rocket-
dyne Div.
Walter Unterberg, Robert W. Melvold, and Lloyd D.
Hedenland. Jun 78,117p R-9787, EPA/600/2-78/134
Contract EPA-68-03-2078
This project was carried out to assess the impact of
the use of oxygen and oxygen-enriched air for aeration
of activated sludge systems on the safety of municipal
waste-water treatment plants and their personnel. The
tasks included (1) determination of oxygen combustion
hazards from desk top analyses and small scale flam-
mability tests, (2) characterization and safety evalua-
tion of oxygen aeration activated sludge systems from
field visits and literature, (3) development of safety
strategy and economics, and (4) preparation of stand-
ard safety manual and safety checklists for wasiawater
treatment with oxygen aeration.
Keywords: 'Safety, 'Oxygen, 'Aeration, 'Sewage
treatment, Activated sludge process, Flammable
gases, Combustion products, Hazards, Safe handling,
Manuals, Personnel, Flammability testing, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB-282 471/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Upper Pahranagat Lake, Lincoln County, Nevada.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,39p WORKING PAPER-812
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Upper Pahranagat Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Nevada, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Lincoln
County(Nevada).
PB-282 486/0 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Study to Develop Background Information for the
Direct Meat-Firing Industry. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Mark I. Bornsteln. Jan 78,239p GCA-TR-77-36-G,
EPA/450/3-78-027
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
This report contains background information on the
direct meat-firing industry (charbroilers and barbe-
cues). The geographical distribution, emission levels,
state and local air pollution regulations as well as con-
trol techniques for paniculate and gaseous organic
emissions are discussed. This background Information
has been used in a simple emission projection model
(Model IV) to determine the emission reductions that
could be achieved by the application of new source
performance standards (NSPS) that require the instal-
lation of best available control technology for the
period 1977 to 1988.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Forecasting, State
government, National government, Regulations,
Meats, Particles, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Trends, Sources, Substitutes, 'New Source
446 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Performance Standards, "Meat firing industry, Restau-
rants.
PB-282 501/6 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Technical Manual: A Survey of Equipment and
Method* for Paniculate Sampling In Industrial
Process Streams. Final rept. Feb 77-Jan 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
W. B. Smith, P. R. Cavanaugh, and R. R. Wilson. Mar
78,283p' EPA/600/7-78/043
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The manual lists and describes the instruments and
techniques that are available for measuring the con-
centration or size distribution of particles suspended in
process streams. The standard, official, well estab-
lished methods are described as well as some experi-
mental methods and prototype instruments. To the
extent that the information could be found, an evalua-
tion of the performance of each instrument is included.
The manual describes instruments and procedures for
measuring mass concentrations, opacity, and particle
size distribution. It also includes procedures for plan-
ning and implementing tests for control device evalua-
tion, a glossary, and an extensive bibliography.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Manuals, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Industrial wastes, Gas detectors, Gas analysis,
Field tests, Particle size distribution, Chemical analy-
sis, Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Mass, 'Air pollution detection,
EPA method 5.
PB-282 546/1 PC A07/MF A01
Pollution Control Guidance for Geothermal
Energy Development,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Robert P. Hartley. Jun 78,149p EPA/600/7-78/101
This report summarizes the EPA regulatory approach
toward geothermal energy development. The state of
knowledge is described with respect to the constitu-
ents of geothermal effluents and emissions, Including
water, air, solid wastes, and noise. Pollutant effects
are discussed. Pollution control technologies that may
09 applicable are described along with preliminary cost
estimates for their application. Finally, discharge and
emission limitations are suggested that may serve as
interim guidance for pollution control during early geo-
5p EPA/450/3-78/021
Infract EPA-68-02-2609
The results of this study indicate that lead emission
'actor for reentrained dust Is approximately 0.03 a per
»«nicle mile for the 1975-1076 sampling period. That
approximation was calculated using the results of this
•JWy and the data from other Investigations. It is ap-
parent that decreasing the lead content in gasoline will
""i only decrease the amount of airborne lead emitted
"om vehicle exhaust, but also will decrease the
™JK>um of lead-containing dust reentrained from
Paved roadways. With the reduction of lead in leaded
2a*oline and the continued introduction of catalyst
•quipped vehicles into the vehicle distribution, the lead
°ml*8lon factor for reentrained dust Is expected to
W°P below 0.01 by 1980.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Lead(Metal), 'Gas analysis,
2°ads, Pavements, Dust, Field tests, Chemical analy-
£!• Particle size, Exhaust emissions,
r°/>centration(Compo8ltion), Sampling, Laboratory
J^ipment, 'Emission factors, 'Air pollution detection,
PB-282 574/3 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of the Problem Posed by In-Place Pol-
lutant* In Baltimore Harbor and Recommendation
of Corrective Action - Appendices.
Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md.
Sep 77,239p EPA/440/5-77/015A
Contract EPA-68-01-1965
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., Solo-
mons. Center for Environmental and Estuarlne Stud-
ies.
This report presents the results of a study of the In-
place pollutants in Baltimore Harbor and their effect on
water quality. This part of the report contains the ap-
pendices.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Monitoring,
Stream flow, Runoff, Circulation, Ocean currents,
Bathymetry, Sediments, Cores, Sampling, Particle
size, Arsenic, Mercury(Metal), Cadmium, Chromium,
Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Pesti-
cides, Concentration(Composltlon), Invertebrates,
Fishes, Bioassay, 'Baltimore Harbor, Polychlorlnated
biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Species diversity.
PB-282 688-SET PC E14
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
National Computer Center Personnel Manage-
ment Information System Design Requirement*
Specification.
SDC Integrated Service, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
N.C. NCC Support Branch.
17 Mar 78.l600p-ln3v
Set Includes PB-282 589 thru PB-282 591.
No abstract available.
PB-282 580/1 PCA11/MFA01
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
National Computer Center Personnel Manage-
ment Information System Design Requirement*
Specification. Volume 1. Design Requirement*
and Data Dictionary.
SDC Integrated Service, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
N.C. NCC Support Branch.
17Mar7B,249p'
Contract EPA-68-02-2832
See also Volume 2, PB-282 590.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E14, PB-282 588-
SET.
During the period from May 1,1977, through February
1, 1978, the Personnel Management Division of the
Office of Planning and Management, with the assist-
ance of SDC Integrated Services, Inc., conducted a
systems analysis to determine the design require-
ments for an EPA Personnel Management Information
System. The design was Initiated by Mr. Willis Green-
street. It called for completing the design technology
proposed by an Index Systems study which would be
independent of a specific computer configuration and
adaptable to a Data Base Management System. This
report presents: (1) processing requirements; (2) an in-
clusive set of reports to be produced by the system,
and (3) definitions of all the input data elements
needed to produce those reports. (Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Management information systems. 'Per-
sonnel management. Design, Requirements, Security,
Records management, Dictionaries, Characteristics.
PB-282 590/9 PC A18/MF A01
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
National Computer Center Peraonnei Manage-
ment Information System Design Requirement*
Specification. Volume 2. Report Index and For-
mat*.
SDC Integrated Service, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
N.C. NCCfSupport Branch.
17 Mar 78,348p'
Contract EPA-68-02-2832
See also Volume 1, PB-282 589, and Volume 3, PB-
282 591.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E14, PB-282 588-
SET.
The Personnel Management Information System ap-
pendices are structured to conform to the following
basic management areas: Awards; Data base Integrity;
Equal employment opportunity; Employment and spe-
cial programs; Experience and education; Executive
development; Job history; Labor relations and griev-
ances; Management evaluation; National reports; Po-
sition management and control; Production reports;
and Training. Each appendix contains proposed report
descriptions and formats which the development team
feels are pertinent to a particular management area. In
many cases, reports have been designed to provide
data which is relevant to more than one management
area. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Management Information systems, 'Per-
sonnel management, Design, Requirements, Security,
Records management, Characteristics.
PB-282 591/7 PC A18/MF A01
National Computer Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
National Computer Center Personnel Manage-
ment Information System Design Requirement*
Specification. Volume 3. Report Format*.
SIX: Integrated Service, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
N.C. NCC Support Branch.
17Mar78,403p*
Contract EPA-68-02-2832
See also Volume 2, PB-282 590.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E14, PB-282 588-
Thls summarizes the information utilized in the design
of the Personnel Management Information System.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Management information systems, 'Per-
sonnel management. Design, Requirements, Security,
Records management, Characteristics, Documenta-
tion.
PB-282 508/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Mendoclno, Mendoclno County, California.
Final rept. for 1975.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
1973,37p WORKING PAPER-752
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mendocino, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Mendoclno County(Callfomla).
PB-282 633/7 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Mary, Mono County, California. Final rept. for
1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
1978.25p WORKING PAPER-751
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included,
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mary, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, California, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Mono County(Callfomla).
December 1983 447
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-282 646/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Plllsbury, Lake County, California. Final rapt.
for 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
1978,40p WORKING PAPER-755
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origion. An assess-
ment of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutri-
ent is also provided. All data collected by the
U.S.E.P.A. National Eutrophication Survey during the
one year study of the lake and its tributaries are includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Pillsbury, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data.lake County(California).
PB-282 667/5 PC A19/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Compilation of CDHS Assistance Reports. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Larry R. McMasfer. Apr 78,426p EPA/450/3-78/011
Contract EPA-68-02-1386
When dealing with atmospheric pollution, it is neces-
sary for state and local air pollution control agencies to
amass, catalogue, sort, evaluate, and perform calcula-
tions upon large volumes of data. EPA has developed
and provided computer subsystems to state and local
air pollution control agencies which assist them In
these areas. These subsystems come under the um-
brella system known as the Comprehensive Data Han-
dling System (CDHS). The CDHS subsystems are sup-
ported by EPA after being installed by users. These
support activities addressed In this report are: (1) es-
tablishment of CDHS user groups, (2) conducting
CDHS requirement surveys, (3) update distribution
mechanisms, (4) documentation of user hardware/
software configurations, (5) procedures for responding
to user identified subsystem problems, (6) methods ol
communicating with users. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Computer programs, 'Data
processing, Computer systems programs, State gov-
ernment, Regional planning, "Air quality, Comprehen-
sive Data Handling System, AQDHS-2 system, EIS/P
and R system.
PB-282 687/3 PC A22/MF A01
State and Local Grant Awards - April-September
FY 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Apr 78,521 p* EPA/GAD/2-78/02
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-279 888.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency during the period of April
- September FY 1977 for state and local grant pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Solid waste control, 'Grants, Construction,
StatesfUnited States), Municipalities, Project planning,
Pesticides, Water supply, Sewage treatment, Hazard-
ous materials, Education, Tables(Data), Sewage treat-
ment, Listings.
PB-282 743/4 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Cost of Benzene Reduction In Gasoline to the Pe-
troleum Refining Industry. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
F. C. Turner, J. R. Felten, and J! R. Kittrell. Apr 78,
247p* EPA/450/2-78/021
Contract EPA-68-02-2859
This report assesses the cost to the U.S. petroleum in-
dustry of removing benzene from the two largest con-
tributors to the benzene levels in the gasoline pool - re-
finery reformates and FCC gasoline. Predictions were
made of the 1981 gasoline pool composition and the
benzene content of gasoline component streams. A
process route was selected for each stream and the
benzene removal costs in 1977 dollars were devel-
oped. Removal of 94.5 percent benzene from refor-
mates and FCC gasoline would reduce U.S. average
benzene content from 1.37 percent to 0.26 percent.
This would require an investment of $5.3 billion and
total costs of $2.5 billion per year including capital re-
covery, or 2.2 cents per gallon of gasoline. Costs for
some small refineries would be up to 7 cents per gallon
of gasoline or three times the U.S. average costs.
These costs are for benzene removal only, and do not
include costs of octane replacement, volume replace-
ment or the effect on the chemical industry. When
these other factors are considered, it is roughly esti-
mated that the total costs including capital recovery
would be $3.8 billion per year or 3.3 cents/gallon of
gasoline.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, 'Benzene, 'Gasoline,
'Refineries, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Gas res-
ervoirs, Technology, Reduction.
PB-282 747/5 PC A04/MF A01
Cost and Engineering Study - Control of Volatile
Organic Emissions from Whiskey Warehousing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
David C. Mascone. Apr 78,75p EPA/450/2-78/013
This document provides cost and engineering Informa-
tion on control of volatile organic emissions from whis-
key warehousing. Included are a description of whis-
key aging, warehousing, and of volatile organic emis-
sions from warehousing; a development of emission
factors and inventories for these emissions; a cost and
engineering analysis of available control techniques
for these emissions; and a discussion of volatile organ-
ic emissions from other whiskey manufacturing oper-
ations. The major control technique discussed Is
carbon adsorption.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
Beverages, Carbon, Adsorption, Manufacturing, Cost
analysis, Inventories, Organic compounds, Sources,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Whiskey,
Emission factors.
PB-282 761/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Hydrocarbon Control Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
for Nashville, Tennessee. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Terry B. Parsons, Thomas E. Shirley, and Michael R.
Piana. Feb 78,164p RAD-78-200-187-05-15, EPA/
904/9-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
This report provides cost-effectiveness data for meth-
ods of controlling hydrocarbon emissions from indus-
trial sources in the five-county Nashville metropolitan
area. A baseline inventory of hydrocarbon emissions
from the graphic arts, gasoline marketing, gasoline
bulk storage, surface coating, organic chemical pro-
duction, rubber processing, dry cleaning, and degreas-
ing industries is presented. Control methods are de-
fined which could reduce hydrocarbon emissions In
the study area by 60 to 80 percent. Capital costs and
net annualized costs for the control methods at model
plants are given. Net annualized costs ($/yr) and esti-
mates of the quantity of hydrocarbons controlled
(tons/yr) for model plants are used to calculate the
cost effectiveness of the hydrocarbon control meth-
ods. There are wide variations in the cost effective-
ness of the control methods depending on the applica-
tion. This variation in cost effectiveness will be useful
in developing a hydrocarbon control strategy, because
it shows how to achieve the largest reduction in hydro-
carbon emissions at the smallest cost.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons, Met-
ropolitan areas, Tennessee, Industrial wastes, Inven-
tories, Sources, Cost effectiveness, Cost analysis,
Gasoline, Capitalized costs, Technology, Operating
costs, Degeasing, Dry cleaning, Economic impact,
Coatings, Organic compounds, Chemical industry,
Rubber industry, *Nasnville(Tennessee), Baseline
measurement.
PB-282 752/5 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Testing Program for Mining Coal In an Oxygen
Free Atmosphere. Volume II - Appendices. Final
rept.,
Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va. Island Creek
Div.
R. C. Taliaferro, and Don Motz. Jun 78,242p EPA/
600/7-78/080B
Grant EPA-1401ODZM
Prepared in cooperation with NUS Corp., Pittsburgh,
Pa. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
A systems evaluation was undertaken to demonstrate
the ability of miners wearing life support systems to op-
erate conventional mining equipment and to mind coal
at a test section in an active ventilated mine. Their abil-
ity to operate mining equipment and to perform other
in-mine tasks was successfully demonstrated. No
major difficulties were encountered in performing
these tasks and the miners reported they had never
been that comfortable before when working in a mine.
The life support system provided cool, clean air for the
miner and did not hamper his ability to work. The
system was adequate to demonstrate the miner's abili-
ty to mine coal while wearing a life support system.
However, mechanical failures in the chiller and re-
breather module were experienced. Additional work to
develop a totally reliable life support system and fur-
ther testing under ventilated conditions are required
before testing in an oxygen-free atmosphere. This
volume contains the Appendices only. The titles are
the following: Training manual; Operating and mainte-
nance manual - MSA; Operating and maintenance
manual - Camblon dehumldifler air exchanger; Operat-
ing and maintenance manual - emergency rebreather;
Specifications - miner's life support system.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Life support systems,
Oxygen supply equipment, Mining equipment, Equip-
ment specifications, Maintenance, Safety engineering,
Underground mining, 'Mine safety, 'Training manuals,
'Maintenance manuals.
PB-282 753/3 PCA11/MFA01
Land Use-Water Quality Relationship.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Mar 76,241 p
Contract EPA-68-01-2622
This report emphasizes urban land use/environmental
quality relationships. While a general framework for
the analysis of these relationships has been devel-
oped, and much literature reviewed, the project has
concentrated on two types of models: (1) physical
impact models for assessing the environmental impact
of urban stormwater runoff, and for evaluating the ca-
pacities of sewers and wastewater treatment plants;
and (2) a cost distribution model for assessing the cost
to be covered by different groups in response to new
urban and suburban development.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution,
'Regional planning, Surface water runoff, Urban
areas, Sewage disposal, Environmental impacts, Dust,
Mathematical models, Industries, Residential build-
Ings, Businesses, Cost analysis, Sewage treatment,
Storm sewers, Capitalized costs, Sewers.
PB-282 779/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Santa Margarita Lake, San Luis Oblspo County,
California. Final rept. 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 78,37p WORKING PAPER-756
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Santa Margarita Lake,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
448 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tersheds, Water quality management California, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, San Luis Obispo
County(California).
PB-282 780/6 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab. -Cincinnati,
Ohio.
UM of Dredglnga for Landfill. Technical Report
No. 1. Engineering Characteristics of Polluted
Dredgings. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, Gabor M. Karadi, and Paul L.
Hummel. May 78, 356p EPA/600/2-78/088B
Grant EPA-R-800948
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Unlv.-Milwau-
kee, and Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. See also Technical
rept. no. 2, PB-282 781.
The engineering properties of most dredgings were
found to be quite similar to those of fine-grained, or-
ganic soils, and the general notion that maintenance
dredgings are soft and weak is only partially due to
their inherent nature; the primary reason for this condi-
tion seems to be attributable to the environmental cir-
cumstances under which they are frequently placed,
namely, in low lying swampy areas with poor drainage.
Although the chemical composition of polluted mainte-
nance dredgings is often quite unique compared to
that of most soils, the influence of other major factors,
such as water content and density, tends to control
their engineering behavior, and the unique chemical
nature of the dredgings is usually subjugated to a
somewhat minor role. Subject to appropriate handling,
« appears that dewatered dredgings can be compact-
ed to form a medium-density landfill which may be
used for parking lots or residential construction.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth
"Us, 'Water pollution abatement, Settling basins, Sam-
P'ing, Chemical composition, Soil mechanics, Dewa-
|8ring, Sediments, Chemical analysis, Drainage, Turbi-
dity. Slurries, Electroosmosls, Seismic surveys, Electri-
cal resistivity, Laboratory tests, Clays, Organic wastes,
Waterways(Water courses), Field tests, Land reclama-
"°n, Dikes, 'Dredge spoil, Water pollution sampling.
PB-282 781/4 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Ohio.
Use of Dredgings for Landfill. Technical Report
No. 2. Stabilization of Dredged Materiel. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, Gilbert L. Roderick, and Jau S. Jin.
8, 307D EPA/600/2-78/088C
grant EPA-R-800948
[Spared jn cooperation with Wisconsin Unrv.-Milwau-
*««• See also Technical rept. no. 1, PB-262 780 and
lachnical rept. no. 3, PB-282 782.
The use of diked dredge sediments has the potential
JJ provide landfill for community development projects.
nowever, the successful realization of this objective
'squires that proper attention be given to the problems
r> Possible surface water pollution by the effluent
"orn the containment area, (b) possible groundwater
Pollution by leachates from the dredged materials, and
irVroo8mo8l»' Flocculation, Sedimentation, Leach-
S '^boratory tests, Field tests, Plant growth, Vegeta-
J^. Land reclamation, Dikes, Settling basins, 'Dredge
2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
Use of Dredgings for Landfill. Technical Report
No. 3. Mathematical Model for One-Dimensional
Desiccation and Consolidation of Dredged Materi-
als. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, and Manuel Casteleiro. May 78,
126p EPA/600/2-78/088D
Grant EPA-R-800948
Prepared in cooperation with Universided Politecnica
de Barcelona (Spain). See also Technical rept. no. 2,
PB-282 781 and Technical rept. no. 4, PB-282 783.
A mathematical model has been developed to repre-
sent the physical phenomena that occur during the
desiccation and one-dimensional consolidation of
successive layers of dredged material as they are peri-
odically deposited In a diked containment area. The
governing boundary value problem, defined In terms of
pore water pressures, consists of two field equations
(one for the saturated domain and one for the unaatu-
rated domain), a drainage boundary condition, an eva-
potranspiration boundary condition, and a series of
continuity conditions at the interfaces between differ-
ent layers. A number of simplifying assumptions were
made to render the field equations tractable, and a
step-by-step numerical procedure was used to solve
the linearized boundary value problem; at the end of
each step, the errors introduced by the simplifying as-
sumptions were corrected. Based on a thorough study
of the covergence and stability conditions associated
with the numerical approximation employed, a system
of automatic corrections has been incorporated into
the computer program to reduce the time increment if
stability problems originate during the solution.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth
fills, 'Mathematical models, Dikes, Water pollution
abatement, Compacting, Drainage, Evapotransplra-
tion, Dewaterlng, Pore pressure, Fluid flow, Soil me-
chanics, Boundary value problems,
WaterwaysfWatercourses), Setting basins, 'Dredge
spoil, Computer applications.
PB-282 783/0 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
Ohio.
Use of Dredging* tor Landfill. Technical Report
No. 4. Water Quality Study for a Dredging* Dis-
posal Area. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, Brian J. Gallagher, and Gabor M.
Karadi. May 78,129p EPA/600/2-78/088E
Grant EPA-R-800948
Prepared in cooperation with Umnetics, Inc., Milwau-
kee, Wis. and Wisconsin Untv.-MHwaukee. See also
Technical rept. no. 3, PB-282 782 and Technical rept.
no. 5, PB-282 784.
In an effort to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the
settling-basin concept on the water quality associated
with a typical disposal site for polluted maintenance
dredgings, as well as to assess the fate of pollutants
during a typical dredging and disposal cycle, an exten-
sive sampling and testing program was carried out.
Based upon the measurements and analysis per-
formed, it was concluded that most of the polluting
substances contained in the dredge spoil are retained
In the diked enclosure, and only a small fraction of the
pollutants are discharged via the over-flow weir Into
the ambient river water. The large reductions In the
concentrations of pollutants Is primarily attributable to
the fact that they tend to associate with the solid parti-
cles, which settle out of suspension and are retained
within the disposal area. The concentrations of most
parameters were reduced more than 95%, but the
more soluble substances were less affected by the
settling process and they were discharged with less
change in their Input concentrations.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth
fills, 'Water pollution abatement, Dikes, Sampling,
Chemical composition, Chemical analysis, Sediments,
Experimental design, Drainage, Water quality, Ef-
fluents. Laboratory tests, Field tests,
Waterways(Watercourses), Settling basins, Path of
pollutants, Water pollution sampling.
PB-282 784/8 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
Ohio.
Use of Dredgings for Landfill. Technical Report
No. 6. Behavior of Dredged Materials In Diked
Containment Areas. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, and Abdelsalam M. Salem. May
78,349p EPA/600/2-78/088F
Grant EPA-R-800948
See also Technical rept. no. 4, PB-282 783.
The behavioral characteristics of hydraulically placed
maintenance dredgings were investigated during an
extensive four-year field and laboratory experimental
program. The field work, which took place primarily at
four disposal areas near Toledo, Ohio, consisted of (a)
periodic vane shear strength determinations, (b) ob-
taining undisturbed tube samples for subsequent labo-
ratory tests, and (c) the measurement of in-situ perme-
ability values. The laboratory testing program included
the evaluation of time-dependent (a) volume changes
by means of slurry consolidation, conventional consoli-
dation and long-term secondary compression tests, (b)
strength determinations by use of a miniature vane, fall
cone, and unconfined compression tests, and (c) var-
ious classification tests. Based on an extensive series
of classification tests, it was found that the characteris-
tics of the dredged materials deposited in each of the
four sites were essentially the same, thereby enabling
data from the different sites to be synthesized and in-
terpreted as representative of one large site spanning
a time period of almost a decade.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth
fills, 'Water pollution abatement, Settling basins, Sam-
pling, Laboratory tests, Field tests, Slurries, Spoil, Con-
solidation, Dikes, Compressibility, Soil mechanics, Per-
meability, Drainage, Shear strength, Test equipment,
Storage, Mathematical models, 'Dredge spoil.
PB-282 788/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Inspection of AERO8 Data to Develop System En-
hancements. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, inc., McLean, Va.
Dec 77.118p EPA/450/3-77/052
Contract EPA-68-02-1894
Data from the National Emissions Data System
(NEDS) and the Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric
Data (SAROAD) system were reviewed to develop en-
hancements to these systems. Proposed Source Clas-
sification Codes (SCCs) were reviewed, and recom-
mendations were made to the National Air Data
Branch (NADB) for the adoption of new SCCs. The
data records coded with ten non-specific SCCs which
end In -99 were reviewed to identify more specific
SCCs which could be added to the master list. Verifica-
tion criteria which could be used to identify anomalous
emissions data were tested. A proposed index to
quantify the quality of data In an emission inventory
was evaluated.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Coding, Inspection, Assess-
ments, Auditing, Feasibility, Meteorology, Chimneys,
Information systems, Classifications, 'Air quality data,
•Aerometric and Emissions Reporting System, Nation-
al Emissions Data System, SAROAD system.
PB-282 794/7
PC A08/MF A01
State Priority Lists for Construction Grant* for
Waatewater Treatment Work*, Fiscal Year 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Dlv.
May 78,1S4p EPA/G AD/4-78/01
This publication contains records for municipal
wastewater treatment works projects assigned priority
by the states and planned for funding by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) through September
1978, under the authority of Title II of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended; Public Law
92-500; 33 U.S.C., 1281(g)(1). Data are sorted first by
region then by state and status. Project Records are
then listed In ascending order of the grant number.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Grants, StatesfUnlted States), Industrial plants,
Construction, Sewage treatment plants, Priorities.
December 1983 449
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-282 796/2 PC A14/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: III. Chromium. Final rept,
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
Leigh E. Towill, Carole R. Shriner, John S. Dairy, Anna
S. Mammons, and James W. Holleman. May 78,303p*
ORNL-EIS-80, EPA/600/1-78/023
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-281 076.
The report is a review of the scientific literature on the
biological and environmental effects of chromium. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to chromium and specific chromium com-
pounds: physical and chemical properties; occurrence;
synthesis and use; analytical methodology; biological
aspects in microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic
animals, and humans; distribution mobility and persis-
tence in the environment; assessment of present and
potential health and environmental hazards; and
review of standards and governmental regulations.
More than 500 references are cited.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Toxicology, Metals, Industrial
medicine, Metabolism, Air pollution, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Reviews, Standards, Regu-
lations, Ecology, Hazards, Water pollution, Production,
Utilization, Soils, Sampling, Toxicity, Physiological ef-
fects, Biochemistry, Distribution, Food chains, Microor-
ganisms, Plants(Botany), Domestic animals, Wildlife,
Humans, Analyzing, Tables(Data), Analytical methods,
Biological effects, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental effects, Environmental
health, Environmental persistence.
PB-282 827/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lake Mohave, Mohave County, Arizona, Clark
County Nevada, Final rept, 1976.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
1977,48p WORKING PAPER-731
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Arizona State Dept. of Health,
Phoenix, and Arizona National Guard, Phoenix.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mohave, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Arizona, Nevada, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Mohave
County(Arizona), Clark County(Nevada).
PB-282 862/2 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning Div.
Planning Methodologies for Analysis of Land
Use/Water Quality Relationships,
Betz Environmental Engineers, Inc., Plymouth Meet-
ing, Pa.
Thomas R. Hammer. Oct 76,252p
Contract EPA-68-01-3551
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-275 411.
This report evaluates the potential usefulness and
practicality of various planning methodologies which
can be used to quantitatively determine the relation-
ship between land use and water quality. It also evalu-
ates various land use and land management controls
which can be used to reduce pollutant loadings. In car-
rying out these evaluations, the report reviews much of
the current literature on the relationship between land
use and water quality. While the report examines var-
ious land uses, it is intended to focus on land uses
commonly found in developed and developing areas. It
is also intended to focus on stormwater related pollu-
tion sources in such areas.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Land use, 'Water pollution,
'Urban areas, Water quality management, Storms,
Soil erosion, Sediments, Losses, Slope, Hydrology,
Erosion control, Combined sewers, Construction,
Mathematical models, Watersheds, Pennsylvania,
Storm water runoff, Organic loadings.
PB-282 885/3 PC A03/MF A01
Time Series Experiments for Studying Plant
Growth Response to Pollution. Rept. for Apr 74-
Sep 77,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Assess-
ment and Criteria Development Div.
Larry Male, John Van Sickle, and Ray Wilhour. Apr 78,
26p EPA/600/3-78/038
The research program was initiated with the overall ob-
jective of defining experiments which could predict the
yield losses of crops grown under naturally varying
sulfur dioxide concentrations. A model for simulating
realistic fluctuations in SO2 air pollution was devel-
oped. This model was used to design experiments in
field growth chambers for the purpose ot establishing
the functional and probabilistic relationship between
yield loss and median SO2 concentration. The sto-
chastic experiments are offered as a viable alternative
to traditional long-term fixed concentration experi-
ments. The report covers a period from April 1974 to
September 1977 and was completed as of Febuary
1978.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Sulfur dioxide, Toxicology,
Physiological effects, Concentration(Composition),
Plant growth, Time series analysis, Responses, Ex-
perimental design, Air pollution, Predictions, Math-
ematical models, Simulation, 'Toxic substances, 'Air
pollution etfects(Plants).
PB-282 886/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg. Terres-
trial Ecology Branch.
Interaction of Ozone and Herbicides In Soybeans.
Final rept. Dec 74-Mar 77,
Mississippi Valley State Univ., Itta Bena.
Raj Bahadur. May 78,27p EPA/600/3-78/047
Grant EPA-R-803072
The purpose of this investigation was to identify poten-
tially damaging herbicide-ozone interactions on soy-
bean so that injury could be reduced by judicious se-
lection of herbicides and tolerant cultivars. The in-
volvement of herbicide influence on stomatal aperture
affecting ozone fumigation injury was studied. Soy-
bean cultivars with varying sensitivity to ozone were
planted in the greenhouse in soil containing residual
levels of atrazine, normally recommended levels of
metribuzin or nontreated soil. The herbicide bentazon
was also studied, but was applied to foliage when the
soybeans were 3 weeks old. Transpiration rates were
monitored to evaluate potential interactions. Atrazine,
metribuzin, and bentazon all affected transpiration.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicity,
'Air pollution. Fumigation, Ozone, Damage, Transpira-
tion, Chlorine organic compounds, Nitrogen heterocy-
clic compounds, Tolerances(Physiology), Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Oxygen organic compounds, Sulfur
organic compounds, Atrazine, Triazine/chloro-ethyla-
mino-isopropylamino, Sencor, Triazinpne/amino-butyl-
(methylthio), Basagran, Benzothiadiazinone-dioxide/
isopropyl.
PB-282 894/5 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
Use of Emergency Room Pstlent Populations In
Air Pollution Epidemiology,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
John R. Ward, and Demetnos J. Moschandreas. May
78,21 Op EPA/600/1-78/030
Contract EPA-68-02-2205
The long-term objective of this project was the design
and implementation of a particular epidemiological ap-
proach to investigation of ambient pollutant effects:
the correlation of pollutant exposure with patterns of
hospital emergency room utilization. The report covers
the initial phase of development and pilot studies. Sep-
arate discussions are provided on the two major com-
ponents of the methodology: investigation of health ef-
fects and estimation of ambient ozone concentrations.
The approach to study adverse health effects was pre-
mised on the assumption that an increase in communi-
ty morbidity due to environmental air pollution wouldbe
reflected in emergency room patient populations. It
was concluded, however, that this was not a useful
method for investigation of exposure-response associ-
ations. The mapping of ambient ozone concentrations
in time and space over the Riverside metropolitan area
was investigated using data from two monitoring sta-
tions located within the subject area. A procedure was
developed for a month-by-month comparative study of
the data. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Health care utilization,
Respiratory diseases, Communities, Population*, Ex-
posure, Morbidity, Ozone, Air pollution, Metnodology,
Research, Correlation, Concentration(Cpmposition),
Data acquisition, Medical records, Interviews, Ques-
tionnaires, California, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Environmental health, Emergency rooms, Riverside
County(California).
PB-282 895/2 PC A03/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
Plan for a National Environmental Specimen Bank.
Rept. for Jun 74-May 77,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
George M. Goldstein. Mar 78,34p EPA/600/1-78/022
Grant NSF-ENV74-19000-A01
Sponsored in part by National Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D.C.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
been concerned about the potential dangers to human
health and the environment from the ever increasing
flux of new man-made substances into our ecosystem.
Since 1974, the EPA has been actively engaged in
studying the feasibility of establishing a program, The
National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB), that
would provide a formalized, systematic approach to
assess the environmental impact of these substances
at a national, as well as international level. The NESBS
would provide real time monitoring, assessing the ade-
quacy of present pollutant control techniques, as well
as providing samples for retrospective analyses. With
the realization that NESBS is a viable concept, both
from the standpoint of need and by the availability of
present technology, it must be decided if such a
system is, in fact, feasible to establish and maintain
under actual operating conditions. It is proposed,
therefore, that a five-year pilot bank program be initiat-
ed. During this time, a limited number of samples
should be collected, analyzed, and stored in a central
facility. The pilot bank program should focus on vali-
dating credible collection, storage, and analytical data.
The functioning NESBS should provide future genera-
tions with an important resource for evaluating their
current environmental status.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Information cen-
ters, Humans, Tissues(Biology), Aquatic animals,
Plants(Botany), Grains(Food), Plans, Programs, Pollu-
tion, Chemical compounds, Collection, Samples, Envi-
ronments, Data acquisition, "Specimen banks, Biologi-
cal material, Environmental impact.
PB-282 934/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Reclaiming of Waste Sol-
vents, State of the Art. Final task rept. Aug 76-Nov
77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
D. H. Tierney, and T. W. Hughes. Apr 78,69p' MRC-
DA-727, EPA/600/2-78/004F
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-281 422.
This document reviews the state of the art of air emis-
sions from the reclaiming of waste solvents. The com-
position, quantity, and rate of emissions are described.
Waste solvents are organic dissolving agents which
are contaminated with suspended and dissolved
solids, organics, water, other solvents, and/or other
substances. Reclaiming consists of restoring a waste
solvent to a condition that permits its reuse. A repre-
sentative plant was defined in order to determine the
potential environmental impact of the solvent reclaim-
ing industry. Source severity was defined as the ratio
of the time-averaged maximum ground level concen-
tration of a pollutant to a hazard factor. For criteria pol-
lutants, the hazard factor is the ambient air quality
standard; for noncriteria pollutants, it is a reduced TLV.
In a representative plant, the hydrocarbon source se-
verity is 0.31, and paniculate source severity is 0.0085;
for selected solvents ranging from acetone to butanol.
source severities ranged from 0.0063 to 0.05. Hydro-
carbon emissions are controlled using floating roofs,
refrigeration, and conservation vents for storage tanks,
and packed scrubbers and secondary condensers for
450 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
distillation units. Paniculate control from Incinerator
stacks is accomplished using wet scrubbers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Solvents, Assess-
ments, Reclamation, Hydrocarbons, Particles, Industri-
al wastes. Sources, Design criteria, Forecasting, Tech-
nology, 'Waste recycling, 'Liquid wastes, Emission
(actors, State of the art.
PB-282 940/6 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assesment of Solid Residues from
Fluldlzed-bed Fuel Proceaslng. Final rept. Nov 75-
Dec77,
Stone (Ralph) and Co. Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Ralph Stone, and Richard L. Kahle. Jun 78,342p*
EPA/600/7-78/107
Contract EPA-68-03-2347
See also report dated Dec 77, PB-276 879.
The report gives results of a 2-year study of the envi-
ronmental assessment of solid residues generated by
tluidlzed-bed combustion (FBC) of coal and gasifica-
tion of oil. Included are a literature search, chemical
and physical residue characterization, laboratory
leaching studies, and testing of residues in various ma-
terials and agricultural applications. The literature
search reviewed current FBC technology, Identified
products in which residues might be used, and gave
data on typical soil and geologic conditions at the eval-
uated disposal sites. Laboratory tests Included total
chemical characterization, composition of acid-, base-,
and water-soluble fractions, cation exchange capacity,
BOD, temperature change from water addition, particle
sue distribution, dry density, specific gravity, perme-
ability, water-holding capacity, moisture content, and
small-scale column leaching studies. Pilot-scale col-
umns simulated abandoned coal mines, dolomite and
limestone quarries, sanitary landfills, soils, and the
ocean. Water was added to columns on a prescribed
schedule and the resulting leachate was collected and
""alyzed for chemical constituents. The data were
used to assess the potential for impact on water qual-
"y. and the capacity of the disposal environment to at-
tenuate degradation. Residue use was considered for
concrete, asphalt, soil cement, and lime/flyash aggra-
[teywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Coal gasifica-
™°h, Environmental surveys, Solid waste disposal,
Hi00688 charting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
J!0". Residues, Fly ash, Water pollution, Leaching,
^nemical analysis, Scrubbers, Limestone, Calcium
oxides. Sediments, Earth fills, Air pollution control, Par-
jfje, size, Biochemical oxygen demand, Marketing,
"onomic analysis, Agricultural engineering, 'Waste
'^cycling, -Oil gasification.
2j*tt »«2/2 PC A06/MF A01
."•yonmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
.
M» T ln the Southwest. An Exploration of the
"Wtorlcal Data Base. Interim rept. Mar-Nov 77,
Jl? 8tl'hgton. Univ., St. Louis, Mo.
110 Srnis- Kung Yuan, and R. B. Husar. Apr 78,
"
-896
Calftar8d by Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica,
s!lfJ?i8ton<:al data base pertinent to visibility in the
|°utnwest is analyzed. The data base includes over
th»/,7/8 of airP°rt visibility observations and more
in?" ° vears of NASN paniculate measurements. The
tenr, . 9atlon covers existing levels of visibility, long-
s' !?ds in ^Dmty. and visibility/pollutant relation-
west h1OUflh 8ti" 9uite 9ood. visibility in the South-
hazB i det«ri°rated over the past two decades. The
resuh f ln the Southwest appear to be mostly the
The«L secondary aerosols, especially sulfates.
fateT. 5nclu8lons are verified by decreases in sul-
indTL d '"creases in visibility during the 1967-1968
^"fv-wide copper strike.
Aero2Jd8:-'Air Pollution, 'Visibility, Particles, Trends,
Atmo.iS1 Suites, Data analysis, Regions, Copper,
States) composition, 'Southwest reglon(Unlted
_ PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Data Storage and Retrieval System for Pilot
Wastewater Treatment Reaearch. Users Manual.
Final rept. Apr 75-Sep 76,
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Gregory A. Fish, and Stanley L. Forsythe. Mar 78,108p
EPA/600/2-78/036
Contract GS-05S-10030
The computer system described in this document was
designed as a data storage and retrieval system for the
water reuse project at the Blue Plains Treatment Plant
located at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and
thus would require modifications to be transferable to
other computer systems. The Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory, MERL, was responsible for the
water reuse project which was undertaken for the pur-
pose of evaluating Advanced Waste Treatment Sys-
tems which have the potential for reliably producing
potable quality water from municipal wastewater. The
pilot study was intended to evaluate the effectiveness
of various processes in removing specific pollutants
from wastewater. The six processes being evaluated
at Blue Plains were Lime Clarification, Nitrification,
Denltrlflcatlon, Carbon Absorption, Filtration, and
Chlorlnatlon. This 'User's Manual' describes the pro-
grams and files of the system, the use of terminals
while using the system, and what the uaer needs to do
to operate the five functions of the system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water reclamation,
•Information retrieval, 'Computer programming,
'Manuals, Pilot plants, Industrial waters, Clarification,
Nitrification, Carbon, Absorption, Filtration, Chlorlna-
tlon, 'Waste water reuse, UNIVAC-1110 computers,
Data files, Users manuals, Denitrlflcation.
PB-282 946/3 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty and Bloaccumulatlon of Cadmium and
Lead In Aquatic Invertebrates. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Robert L. Spehar, Richard L. Anderson, and James T.
Fiandt. 1978,16p EPA/600/J-78/016
Pub. in Environ. Pollut., vis n3 pl95-2081978.
Cadmium toxicity and lead toxicity to four species of in-
sects (Pteronarcys dorsata, Hydropsyche betteni, Bra-
chycentrus sp. and Ephemerella sp.) one snail (Physa
Integra) and one amphipod (Gammarus pseudolim-
naeus) were determined during 28-day exposures. The
28-day LC50 values for cadmium-exposed snails and
lead-exposed amphipods were eleven and four times
lower than the 7- and 4-day (96 h) values for these
metals, respectively. Lowest effect concentrations ob-
tained after 28 days for cadmium-exposed mayflies
(Ephemerella sp.) and snails and lead-exposed amphi-
pods were similar to those affecting fish exposed over
their complete life cycle in water of similar quality.
Lethal threshold concentrations were not observed for
species exposed to either metal, indicating that possi-
ble effects could occur at lower concentrations during
longer exposure periods. Cadmium and lead concen-
trations in the animals tested generally increased with
increasing water concentrations and were up to
30,000 and 9,000 times greater than corresponding
metal concentrations in the water.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Cadmium, 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxl-
cology, Invertebrates, Exposure, Experimental data,
Bioassay, Lethal dosage, Dosage,
Concentration(Compositlon), Snails, Crustacea, Fresh
water biology, Insects, Water pollution, Toxicity,
Tables(Data), Residues, Survival, Reprints, Heavy
metals, 'Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Physa
integra, Brachycentrus, Ephemerella, Hydropsyche
betteni, Pteronarcys dorsata, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Gammarus pseudolimnaeus.
PB-282 949/7 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Con-
ference on Clean Combustion of Coal Held at
Rlndga, New Hampshire on Auguet 1-5,1977.
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.
Apr 78, 329p' EPA/600/7-78/073
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, D.C. Fossil Energy, Grant ERDA-EF-77-G-OT-
6003, and Bureau of Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa. Coal Prep-
aration and Analysis Lab.
The proceedings document the 27 presentations
made during the Engineering Foundation Conference
on Clean Combustion of Coal, at Rindge, NH August 1-
5, 1977. Sponsored by the Environmental Protection
Agency, the Energy Research and Development Ad-
ministration, and the Bureau of Mines (the last two now
part of the Department of Energy), the Conference
dealt with the technical, economic, environmental, and
policy aspects of clean combustion of coal. The five
Conference sessions dealt with problem definition,
precombustion processes, combustion processes,
postcombustion processes, and future prospects. The
Conference was intended to provide an assessment of
the status and trends of clean combustion of coal.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal preparation,
'Industrial wastes, 'Combustion products, 'Meetings,
Desulfurization, Economic analysis, Forecasting, Reg-
ulations, Technology, Management planning, Coal
mining, Cargo transportation, Field tests, Boilers, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Burners, Air fil-
ters, Electrostatic precipitation, Flue gases, Fabric fil-
ters.
PB-282 983/6 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Low Nox Combuatlon Concepta for Advanced
Power Generation Systems Firing Low-Btu Qas.
Final rept. Jun 73-Mar 77,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Santa
Ana, Calif.
T. J. Tyson, M. P. Heap, C. J. Kau, B. A. Folsom, and N.
D. Brown, Nov 77,240p EPA/600/2-77/235
Contract EPA-68-02-1361
Prepared In cooperation with Combustion Engineering,
Inc., Windsor, Conn.
The report gives results of an analysis of several ad-
vanced power generating concepts firing low-Btu gasi-
fied coal. A combined gas-turbine/steam-cycle power
plant with Integrated gasifler was the most promising
from fuel utilization and economic viewpoints. Two rep-
resentative combined cycle systems were chosen for
detailed NOx emission and analysis: an advanced-
technology high-temperature gas turbine with a waste
heat boiler; and a supercharged boiler with a current-
technology gas turbine. NOx emissions were investi-
gated using a kinetic model, which was validated by
comparison with best available experimental data and
then applied to idealized combustor configurations.
Calculations indicate that staged combustion involving
rich primary zones and controlled mixing secondary
zones minimizes thermal NOx and NOx produced from
ammonia in the fuel gas. Minimum calculated NOx
levels were: 150 ppm for the high temperature turbine,
with a 0.45 equivalence ratio and 4000 ppm of fuel am-
monia; and 125 ppm for the supercharged boiler, with
5% excess air and 500 ppm of fuel ammonia. These
results need to be verified experimentally, but they
show the potential for achieving NOx emissions within
the Federal NSPS without requiring ammonia removal
from the fuel gas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
'Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Sulfur inorganic
compounds, Boilers, Cost analysis, Burners, Heat
transfer, Design criteria, Furnaces, Performance eval-
uation, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, 'Com-
bined-cycle power plants, Low btu gas.
PB-282 984/4 PC A14/MF A01
A Water Quality Modelling Study of the Delaware
Estuary. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, Md. An-
napolis Field Office.
Leo J. Clark, Robert B. Ambrose, Jr., and Rachel C.
Grain. Jan 78,309p TR-62, EPA/903/9-78/001
Recent data acquisition, analysis, and mathematical
modelling studies were undertaken to improve the un-
derstanding of water quality interactions, particularly
as they impact DO, in the Delaware Estuary. The major
processes treated in this study were the advectlon and
dispersion of salinity and dye tracers, nitrification, car-
bonaceous oxidation, sediment oxygen demand,
reaeratlon, algal photosynthesis and respiration, and
denitriflcatlon. The major product of this study is a cali-
brated and verified 'real time' hydraulic and water qual-
ity model of the Delaware Estuary between Trenton
and Listen Point.
Keywords: 'Waterpollution, 'Delaware Estuary, Math-
ematical models. Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Salinity,
Dyes, Nitrification, Respiration, Biochemical oxygen
December 1983 451
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
demand, Salt water intrusion, Photosynthesis, Hydrau-
lic models, Delaware, 'Water quality data.
PB-282 993/5 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Field Investigation of Cooling Tower and Cooling
Pond Plumes. Final rept.,
Colorado Univ., Boulder. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
Ronald E. West. Apr 78,130p EPA/600/7-78/059
Grant EPA-R-802893
Measurements were made relating to the behavior of
water-vapor plumes from forced-draft cooling towers
and from cooling ponds. There were three categories
of measurements. (1) Ambient weather data including
temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction.
These measurements were made with standard mete-
orological equipment. (2) Source data, including the
temperature, mixing ratio and flowrate of the airleav-
ing the cooling tower or cooling pond. Cooling-tower
measurements were made with a traverse rig. Cooling-
pond source data were estimated using correlations.
(3) Water-vapor distribution in the atmosphere in the
vicinity of the source, including temperature and mixing
ratio of air above the ground at various locations with
respect to source. These measurements were made
with tethered-balloon-borne radiosondes.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Plumes, 'Electric power
plants, 'Air pollution, Lagoons(Ponds), Atmospheric
diffusion, Temperature, Wind velocity, Water vapor,
Evaporation, Sites, Aerial surveys, 'Cooling ponds.
PB-283 021/4 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Research and Development and Cost Projections
tor Air Pollution Control Equipment. Final rept. Aug
77-Jan 78,
Mcllvaine Co., Northbrook, III.
R. W. Mcllvaine, and Marilyn Ardell. Jun 78,32p EPA/
600/7-78/092
The report gives projections for the installed cost of
fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) for
the removal of paniculate matter and for the installed
cost of scrubbers for the removal of both particulates
and sulfur oxides. The projections, utilizing a large and
unique data base, project the installed cost of the
equipment annually through the year 1982. Similar pro-
jections are made for annual research and develop-
ment expenditures by manufacturers of scrubbers,
ESPs, and fabric filtration systems. Differences be-
tween the reported projections and those made rou-
tinely by other organizations are explained in the light
of the size of the Mcllvaine data base, reported to be
considerably larger than other similar data bases.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Cost
analysis, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters, Scrub-
bers, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Dust, Installing, Surveys,
Manufacturers, 'Fabric filters.
PB-283 023/0 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measurement of Carcinogenic Vapors In Ambient
Atmospheres. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Edo D. Pellizzan Apr 78,238p EPA/600/7-78-062
Contract EPA-68-02-1228
See also report dated 1977, PB-269 582.
Analytical methods and instrumentation were evaluat-
ed for collecting and analyzing carcinogenic and muta-
genic vapors occurring in ambient air. The areas of in-
vestigation included (a) the evaluation of Tenax GC
sorbent for in situ reactions that may occur during the
collection of organic vapors from ambient air; (b) the
development and evaluation of a permeation system
for delivering precise quantities of organic vapors for
calibrating instruments; and (c) the characterization
and quantification of hazardous organic vapors in am-
bient air collected at several different geographical
areas within the Continental U.S. (Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Carcinogens, 'Organic
compounds, 'Gas chromatography, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Atmospheric composition, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides,
Ozone, Dimethylamine, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Sites, Field tests, Data analysis, Tables(Data),
Amines, Nitroso compounds, "Air pollution detection,
'Air pollution sampling, Toxic substances, Amine/di-
methyl-nitroso.
PB-283 028/9 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Standards of Practice Manual for the Solvent Re-
fined Coal Liquefaction Process. Final rept. Apr-
Nov 77,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md.
P. J. Rogoshewski, P. A. Koester, C. S. Koralek, R. S.
Wetzel, and K. J. Shields. Jun 78,372p* EPA/600/7-
78/091
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
The manual gives an integrated multimedia assess-
ment of control/disposal options, emissions, and envi-
ronmental requirements associated with a hypothetical
50,000 bbl/day Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) facility
producing gaseous and liquid fuels. It gives an overall
outline of the basic system, including module descrip-
tions and summaries on pollution control practices and
costs. It also gives a survey of currently available and
developing control/disposal practices that may be ap-
plicable to waste streams from coal liquefaction tech-
nologies. In the detailed definition of the basic system,
it describes modules in detail, and quantifies input and
output streams. It specifies applicable control/dispos-
al practices in accordance with waste stream charac-
teristics and pertinent environmental requirements.
For each treatment option, it gives capital and operat-
ing costs, along with estimated post-treatment emis-
sions. Subsequently, it compares levels of specific pol-
lutants in quantified waste streams to Multimedia Envi-
ronmental Goals (MEG'S) developed by EPA's IERL-
RTP. Finally, it discusses emission variations in solid
and liquid SRC production.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Standards,
Guidelines, Coal preparation, Assessments,
Tables(Data), Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Regulations, Process charting,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, 'Coal liquefaction, *SRC proc-
ess, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-283 050/3 PC A02/MF A01
Fish Cough Response - A Method for Evaluating
Quality of Treated Complex Effluents. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Richard W. Carlson, and Robert A. Drummond. 18 Jul
77,8pEPA/600/J-78/015
Pub. in Water Research, v12 p1 -61978.
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) showed in-
creases in cough frequency commensurate with efflu-
ent concentration when exposed for 24 h to different
industrial and municipal effluents. Effluents known to
be toxic caused steadily Increasing cough rates in the
fish as effluent concentration approached acutely toxic
levels. Bluegills exposed to three different samples of
effluent, collected from the same source over an 8-
month period, showed decreased levels of cough rate
as the effluent improved in quality. Cough frequency is
a rapid and sensitive physiological characteristic for
evaluating the quality of industrial and municipal ef-
fluents and vanation in quality of same-source ef-
fluents before discharge into receiving waters.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, 'Cough, Fresh water
fishes, Responses, Methodology, Indicator species,
Concentratton(Composltlon), Effluents, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Respiration, Ventilation, Moni-
tors. Water quality, Tables(Data), Stress(Physiology),
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macro-
chirus.
PB-283 OS1/1 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of Information on Pesticide* Manu-
facturing for Source Assessment. Final task rept.
Jan-Jul 76, «
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
G. L. Kelso, R. R. Wilkinson, J. R. Malone, Jr., and T. L.
Ferguson. May 78,416p' EPA/600/2-78/100
Contract EPA-68-02-1324
The report addresses the selection of relevant factors
to gain perspective of the pollution potential from pes-
ticides manufacturing and formulating operations and
leads to the evolvement and defense of decision crite-
ria for assessing the need for development of emis-
sions control technology. Pesticides manufacturing
and formulating operations are treated as materials
input/output systems, with chemical wastes identified
for all media. From about 300 active pesticide ingredi-
ents, six candidates (representing five different chemi-
cal classifications) were chosen for detailed source as-
sessment. The pesticides industry is characterized and
quantified where possible, using available information.
Data give a macroeconomic view of the pesticides
manufacturing and formulating operations. Govern-
ment regulatory pressure and posture is identified and
assessed. Appendices contain much information on
the pesticides industry from several viewpoints.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides, 'Air
pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Chemical industry, Manu-
facturing, Sources, Assessments, Technology, Fore-
casting, Organic nitrates, Uracils, Ureas, Sites, Indus-
trial wastes, Tables(Data), Marketing, Organic com-
pounds, Dienes, Nitrogen organic compounds, Metal
containing organic compounds, Arsenic organic com-
pounds, Anilides, Chlorine organic compounds, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Carbamates, Toxicity,
Triazines, 'Solid wastes.
PB-283 082/6 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Disposal of Solid Residue from Fluldlzed-Bed
Combustion: Engineering and Laboratory Studies.
Final rept.,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
C. C. Sun, C. H. Peterson, R. A. Newby, W. G. Vaux,
and D. L. Keairns. Mar 78,208p EPA/600/7-78/049
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
SeealsoPB-246116.
The report gives results of an engineering and labora-
tory study to evaluate the environmental impact of dis-
posing of solid residue (spent SO2 sorbent and fuel
ash) from fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) processes.
The quantity and composition of spent sorbents pro-
duced by six reference FBC processes were projected.
The experimental investigation considered residue
from atmospheric and pressurized FBC processes,
with and without sorbent regeneration, and with and
without processing of the residue. Laboratory tests
were conducted to determine residue characteristics,
leaching behavior, and thermal activity. The environ-
mental impact from land disposal of the residue was
assessed by comparing the leaching and thermal ac-
tivity results with both available drinking water stand-
ards and the behavior of natural gypsum. Processing
of the spent sorbent and ash, through fixation of the
residue as a cement-like material, was investigated as
a way to reduce the environmental impact, and to pro-
vide alternatives for potential utilization. The potential
for at-sea disposal was also assessed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fluidized bed pro-
cessors, Electric power plants, Environmental impacts,
Sorbents, Sulfur dioxide, Industrial wastes, Potable
water, Residues, Utilization, Leaching, Fly ash, Feasi-
bility, Substitutes, Marketing, Sulfates, 'Land disposal,
Ocean waste disposal, Waste recycling.
PB-283 083/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Generation of Sulfurlc Acid Aerosols for Health
Effect Studies. Interim rept. Sep 76-Mar 78,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Particle Technology
Lab.
Benjamin Y. H. Liu, and Jak Levi. Jun 78,68p EPA/
600/2-78/104
Grant EPA-R-801301
A generator has been developed and constructed for
producing aulfuric acid aerosols at 330 liters per
minute to an animal exposure chamber of 330 liters in-
ternal volume. Sulfunc acid concentrations in the
chamber range from 0.13 to 1.3 mg/cu m. Geometric*
mean volume diameters of the aerosol range from
0.04 to 0.15 micrometers, and the geometrical stand-
ard deviation of the aerosol is about 1.6. The generator
operates by atomizing a sulfuric acid solution to forma
poly-disperse spray. The droplets are then vaporizW
452 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in a tube-furnace and the vapor injected into filtered air
at room temperature to form a high concentration of
small sulfuric acid particles. The aerosol generating
system has been evaluated by means of several tech-
niques. Particle size distribution was measured by an
Electrical Aerosol Analyzer. Four independent tech-
niques were used to measure the aerosol concentra-
tion: an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer, a Quartz-Crystal
Aerosol Mass Monitor, filter collection and weighing,
and chemical analysis of collected particle samples.
Good agreement was found.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Aerosol gen-
erators, Research, Concentration(Composition), Labo-
ratory equipment, Laboratory animals, Drops(Liquids),
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Particle size
distribution, Coagulation, Mass, Air pollution
effect(Animals), Medical research.
PB-283 085/9 PC A12/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Reviews of the Environmental Effect* of Pollut-
ant*: IV. Cadmium. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
Anna S. Hammons, James Edward Huff, Helen M.
Braunstein, John S. Drury, and Carole R. Shriner. Jun
78, 270p' ORNL/EIS-106, EPA/600/1-78/026
See also rept. no. 2, PB-281 076. Sponsored in part by
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
The report is a review of the scientific literature on the
biological and environmental effects of cadmium. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to cadmium and specific cadmium compounds:
physical and chemical properties; occurrence; synthe-
sis and use; analytical methodology; biological aspects
in microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals,
and humans; distribution, mobility, and persistence in
the environment; assessment of present and potential
health and environmental hazards; and review of
standards and governmental regulations. More than
500 references are cited.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Industrial medi-
cine, Metabolism, Air pollution, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Reviews, Standards, Regula-
»°ns, Biochemistry, Ecology, Hazards, Water pollution,
Production, Utilization, Sous, Sampling, Toxiclty, Phys-
iological effects, Distribution, Food chains, Microor-
ganisms, Plants(Botany), Domestic animals, Wildlife,
Mumans, Analyzing, Tables(Data), Metals, Analytical
methods, Biological effects, Bioaccumulation, 'toxic
substances, 'Environmental effects, Environmental
"ealth, Environmental persistence.
PB-283 098/2 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
n^ion VIII.
Trace Element* Associated with OH Shale and It*
CgJWMlng. Final rept. 1975-77.
i MW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, Va,
May 77, 57p EPA/908/4-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1881
prepared in cooperation with Denver Research Inst.,
Jhis report includes a summary of existing trace ele-
•"?« composition data for shale and its products, an
°yaiuation of these data and related studies to esti-
£*"e the distribution of trace elements among shale
jyxiucts during oil shale processing, and predictions
"' 'he disposition and ultimate fate of trace elements
?«er waste disposal or product use. Wide ranges in
»nSe elernen( concentration reflect natural geographic
10 vertical profile variations In shale.
: 'Oil shale, 'Trace elements, Geochemistry,
composition, Tables(Data), Solid waste dis-
Water pollution, Retorting, Baseline studies.
io«/7 PC A09/MF A01
nvironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Reduction on Two Industrial Boiler*
Jan 76?<|0r Combustion Modification*. Final rept.
WV?' IS0-. Tu»«n. Calif.
177» £?rter' H J Buenlng, and S. C. Hunter. Jun 78,
CVP KVB-6004-734, EPA/600/7-78/099A
M)ntf8«EPA-68-02-2144
The report gives results of a study of the effects on
pollutant emissions of extensive combustion modifica-
tions on two industrial boilers. Staged combustion,
variable excess air, and variable air preheat were eval-
uated while firing natural gas or No. 6 fuel oil in a wa-
tertube boiler rated at 16 MW thermal input (55 million
Btu/hr). Reductions in NOx of 31 % for natural gas and
42% for No. 6 fuel oil were obtained when excess air
was optimized and staged air was introduced through
injection ports in the furnace side, as far downstream
from the burner as practical. Combined lowered air
preheat and staged combustion reduced NOx by 70%
while firing natural gas. In a watertube boiler rated at
6.5 MW thermal input (22 million Btu/hr), flue gas recir-
culation, staged combustion, and variable excess air
were evaluated while firing natural gas, No. 2 fuel oil, or
No. 6 fuel oil. The maximum NOx reduction for natural
gas was 79% with flue gas recirculation and lowered
excess air. A 77% NOx reduction was obtained for No.
2 fuel oil with combined modifications. Since NOx re-
duction for heavy fuel oil has been very difficult to
achieve, the most significant result in the program was
a 55% NOx reduction, obtained with a combination ol
modifications while firing No. 6 fuel oil. Trace species
and organics emissions were measured while firing
No. 6 fuel oil.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Design crite-
ria, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Nitrogen oxides, Trace elements, Organic compounds,
Performance evaluation. Sampling, Particles, Carbon
dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Laboratory equip-
ment, Fuel oil, Natural gas, Sulfur oxides, Flue gases,
Air pollution sampling, Procedures.
PB-283 134/5 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
State and Local Management Action* to Reduce
Colorado River Salinity. Final rept.,
Denver Research Inst., Colo. Industrial Economics Div.
J. Gordon Milliken, Loretta C. Lohman, Stephen A.
Lyon, and George W. Sherk, Jr. Sep 77,371 p EPA/
908/3-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01-3578
This report identifies and provides analysis of state
and local management actions which may be taken
state-by-state to reduce salinity in the Colorado River.
The analysis and evaluation procedures focus on man-
agement actions to reduce salinity and only on actions
which may be taken within the scope of existing legis-
lation. The management actions were discussed and
amended on the bases of technical feasibility, cost, le-
gality, effectiveness in salinity control, scope of appli-
cability, and political and social implications. Of over
thirty possible state and local management actions
considered, twelve have been proposed for Implemen-
tation in the Colorado River Basin.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Salinity,
•Colorado River, State government, Local govern-
ment, Water law, Statutes, Law enforcement, Irriga-
tion, Licenses, Sewage treatment, Arizona, California,
Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming,
Return flow, Water pollution standards.
PB-283 155/0 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Rapid Biochemical Technique for Phytotoxlclty
Mode»-of-Actlon of Herbicide*. Part I. Final rept. 1
Jul 74-30 Jun 75,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Botany.
Hirosni Ikuma, Charles F. Yocum, and Robert J. Lowry.
Apr 78,226p' EPA/540/9-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01-2482
The study of cellular effects of herbicides, as well as
other plant growth-regulating substances, has re-
ceived increased emphasis in recent years. Generally,
three important biochemical inhibitory processes have
been shown to be involved in herbicide modes-of-
action. These are: (1) mitochondrial respiration, or
electron transport, in plant species; (2) protein synthe-
sis controlled by DNA-dependent HNA; (3) photosyn-
thesis. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a
method so as to identify and quantify the simultaneous
occurrence of these types of inhibition in plant cells
when exposed to herbicides and plant growth regulat-
ing pesticides. The method will also identify and quan-
tify plant physiological and morphological changes In
affected cells and relate these findings to types of Inhi-
bition of biochemical processes. This new method
could be applicable to the evaluation not only of herbi-
cides but also any other biologically active chemical
compounds in plant cells.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Plants(Botany),
'Toxicity, Biochemistry, Plant chemistry, Plant metab-
olism, Plant physiology, Mitochondria, Proteins, Bio-
synthesis, Nucleic acids, Photosynthesis, Respiration,
Morphology, Physiological effects, Plant cells, 'Phyto-
toxicity.
PB-283 160/0 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1977 Third Quarter Statistic*.
Quarterly rept. Jul-Sep 77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
May 78,127p EPA/450/2-78/017
See also report dated Feb 78, PB-280185.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Compositlon), Standards,
States(United States), Regions, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxidizers, Ozone,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, 'Air quality data,
Storage and retrieval of aerometric data, Air quality
control regions.
PB-283 162/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
Survey of Fugitive Dust from Coal Mine*. Final
rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Kenneth Axetell, Jr. Feb 78,122p EPA/908/1-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-4489
Paniculate sampling was performed at five Western
surface coal mines for the purpose of developing emis-
sion factors for Individual mining operations. The sam-
pling method for these unconfined fugitive dust
sources was upwind/downwind ambient sampling,
with two upwind samplers and either four or six sam-
plers In the plume for each sampling period. Emission
rates were determined by use of atmospheric disper-
sion equations relating emissions and ambient con-
centrations. A total of 213 sampling periods were
evenly distributed among the five mines. Emission fac-
tors were produced for 12 mining operations: dragline,
haul roads, shovel/truck loading, blasting, truck dump,
storage pile, drilling, fly-ash dump, train loading, topaoil
removal, front-end loader, and overburden clumping.
One other source, exposed areas, was sampled exten-
sively but yielded unexplalnable data that could not be
used to develop an emission factor. The study was
also designed to evaluate the fallout or deposition rate
of particulate from the coal mining sources. However,
the apparent emission rates calculated from concur-
rent samples taken at different distances from the
source did not show a consistent decrease with dis-
tance to indicate that fallout was occurring.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Particles, 'Surveys, Particle
size distribution, Sources, Sampling, Air pollution,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Tables(Data), Dust, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Emission factors, "Air quality.
PB-283 173/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Data Reduction System for Cascade Impactor*.
Final task rept. Mar-May 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
J. D. McCain, G. I. Cllnard, L. G. Felix, and J. W.
Johnson. Jul 78,44p SORI-EAS-78-331, EPA/600/7-
78/132A
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes a computer-based data reduction
system for cascade Impactors. The system utilizes im-
pactor-specHlc calibration information, together with
operating conditions and other pertinent Information
(e.g., stage weights, sampling duration), to determine
particle size distributions In several form* for Individual
December 1983 453
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
runs. The program can handle all commercial round-jet
cascade impactors, including common modifications,
which are in current use in stack sampling. Other
round-jet Impactors can be easily substituted. Slotted
Impactors could be accommodated with slight pro-
gram revision. A spline technique is applied to fit a
curve in the cumulative size distribution obtained from
each individual impactor run. The fitted curves have
forced continuity in coordinates and slopes. Size distri-
bution averages for multiple runs are made using the
fitted curves for interpolation at consistent particle di-
ameters, regardless of the diameters at which the data
point!) fall in the original individual run data sets. After
statistical analyses to locate and remove outliers from
the data being averaged, variances, standard devi-
ations, and confidence intervals are calculated. The
averages and statistical information are available in
tables and graphs in several size distribution formats.
Averaged data are stored on disks for subsequent use.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particle size distribution,
'Data reduction, Impactors, Fortran, Data analysis,
Computer programming, Numerical analysis, Sam-
pling, 'Cascade impactors, 'Cascade impactor data
reduction system, "Air pollution sampling.
PB-283 174/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Estimation of Risk from Carcinogens In Drinking
Water. Final task rept. May-Dec 77,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Robert W. Handy. May 78,44p EPA/600/2-78/107
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of a study aimed at developing
a means for estimating cancer mortality as a function
of carcinogen concentration in drinking water. Cancer
risk data Tor cigarette smokers was treated by the
method of standard additions to provide an estimate of
ambient carcinogen levels in drinking water. A similar
treatment was carried out on lung cancer risk data to
give an estimate of carcingen levels in ambient air.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Malignant neoplasms,
'Carcinogens, Estimating, Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Pulmonary neoplasms, Lung, Develop-
ment, Smoking, Age groups, 'Health risks, Cancer,
Cigarette smoking, Environmental health, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB-283 178/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of the Problem Poied by In-Place Pol-
lutant* In Baltimore Harbor and Recommendation
Of Corrective Action. Final rept.
Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md.
Sep 77,87p EPA/440/5-77/015B
Contract EPA-68-01 -1965
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., Cam-
bridge. Horn Point Environmental Labs.
Previous studies had indicated that Baltimore harbor is
heavily polluted. To assess the impact of in-place pol-
lutants on the harbor, the Contractor sampled and
analyzed bottom sediments, the water column, and the
Interstitial water, using bulk sediment analyses, elu-
triate tests, and bioassays. On the basis of the results
of this investigation, it is possible to divide the harbor
into four zones; highly toxic, moderately toxic, low tax-
Iclty, and slightly toxic. The biota are being stressed by
In-place pollutants. Benthic organisms suffer the great-
eat damage, the intensity varying with the location in
the zones of toxicity. Pelagic species are damaged to a
leaser extent. Although feasible corrective actions do
exist, they would offer only a temporary solution. A per-
manent solution involves the corrective action plus
elimination of pollutant discharges into the harbor. A
companion report contains the appendices and details
of the testing and analysis.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Baltimore
Harbor, 'Sediments, Maryland, Bioassays, Toxicity,
Feasibility, Fishes, Benthos, Cost analysis,
ConcentrationfCompositlon), Plankton, Sites, Metals,
Hexane, Chlorine organic compounds, Maryland,
•Water pollution sampling, 'Water quality, Potychlori-
nated blphenyls.
PB-283 179/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Studies of Duat Cake Formation and Structure In
Fabric Filtration. Final rept. Nov 76-Nov 77,
Textile Research Inst., Princeton, N.J.
Bernard Miller, George Lamb, Peter Costanza, Dan
O'Meara, and Janet Dunbar. Jun 78,49p EPA/600/7-
78/095
Grant EPA-R-804926
The report gives results of a study to identify cake
characteristics affecting performance and, in turn, to
relate the production of desirable cake properties to
fabric structure and filtration conditions. (Earlier stud-
ies showed that differences in filtration performance
produced by certain modifications of nonwoven filter
fabrics are due largely to the development of different
dust cake structures.) The amount of dust capture as a
function of depth into the filter was measured using
nonwovens formed In layers. Comparing trilobal cross-
section filters fibers with round fibers, the largest ad-
vantages in capture efficiency due to trilobal fibers are
in the upstream layers where the largest amounts of
dust accumulate. Preliminary studies with composite
layered filters also show that filtration performance is
dominated by the upstream layer. Dust cake structure
is influenced by fiber geometry, by the charge on the
particles, and by any electric field on the filter. Theo-
retical calculations of single-fiber collection efficien-
cies support the experimental findings that capture of
both charged and uncharged particles on libers of any
cross-sectional shape is more likely if an electric field
is imposed perpendicular rather than parallel to the
flow. As for fiber cross-sectional shape, capture should
improve with increasing lobe number and depth.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dust filters, 'Caking,
Air filters, Particles, Electric fields, Fabrics, Filtration,
Performance evaluation, Technology, Revisions,
Design criteria, 'Fabric filters.
PB-283 215/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Emission Control Technology for Two Model
Marine Terminals Handling Crude Oil and Gaso-
line,
Brown (Robert) Associates, Carson, Calif.
Don M. Gammell. Apr 78,138p EPA/450/3-78/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2838
This report presents results of a study which devel-
oped basic background information on emission con-
trol systems for a hypothetical deep water marine ter-
minal handling crude oil and an inland marine terminal
handling crude oil and gasoline. The study includes
comparative cost analysis for alternative emission
control systems together with comparable safety and
reliability analysis for both marine terminal modules.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Marine terminals,
'Hydrocarbons, technology, Economics, Design crite-
ria, Equipment, Storage tanks, Safety, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Crude oil, Tanker ships, Evaporation control, Oil
storage, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-283 216/0 PC AQ9/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
A Course on Troubleshooting O and M Problem*
In Wastewater Treatment Facilities • Instructor
Notebook. Final manual.
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Aug 76,656p EPA/430/1-77/001
Grant EPA-f-900535-01-0
See also Student notebook, PB-283 217.
This Instructor Manual, together with the referenced
Student Manual is designed for use by instructors who
wish to teach a short-term education/training course
on the process of troubleshooting operation and main-
tenance problems in wastewater treatment plants.
These materials are geared toward procedures for
identifying and isolating a problem, formulating alterna-
tive actions and solutions, and combining corrective
action with short and long-range followup. The materi-
als will assist state, local and Federal employees of
wastewater facilities in assuming and administering
their responsibilities and preparing for operation and
maintenance inspections. Some topics included are
activated sludge, flow measurement, lab procedures,
chlorine and solids handling.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Lagoons(Ponds), Per-
formance evaluation, Maintenance, Inspection, Oper-
ations, Process control, Anaerobic processes, Trick-
ling filters, Chemical removal (Sewage treatment), Lab-
oratories, Aeration, Chlorination, Materials handling,
Clarification.
PB-283 217/8 PC A10/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
A Course on Troubleshooting O and M Problems
In Waatewater Treatment Facilities - Student No-
tebook. Final manual.
American Public Works Association, Chicago, III.
Aug 76,211p EPA/430/1-77/002
Grant EPA-t-900535-01-0
See also Instructor notebook, PB-283 216.
The Student Manual contains summaries, flow charts,
check lists, diagrams and references needed to partici-
pate in the course, 'Troubleshooting Operations and
Maintenance Problems in Wastewater Treatment
Plants'. As the course proceeds the instructor adds to
the notebook with handouts and problems for the
trainee. It can only be used in conjunction with the In-
structors Manual.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Lagoons(Ponds),
Flow charts, Trickling filters, Performance evaluation,
Maintenance, Process control, Inspection, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Chlorination, Aeration,
Materials handling, Solids.
PB-283 263/2 CP T03
APRAC-2 Air Pollution Dispersion Model. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Air and Hazardous Materials Div.
Frank Ludwig, and Shun Obinata. Jun 77, mag tape*
EPA/DF-78/007
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-275 459.
The computer program for a completely revised ver-
sion of the APR AC-1A diffusion model is presented
and discussed. The new code uses EPA's emissions
calculation methodology from Supplement No. 5 to
AP-42. Gridded, and link by link emissions can be
output for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or oxides of
nitrogen. Diffusion calculations make use of a recep-
tor-oriented Gaussian plume model. Local winds at the
receptor can be used; they are interpolated from multi-
ple wind inputs. Mixing heights may be calculated from
sounding data, or input directly. Two local source
models are available, one treating pollutant behavior in
a street canyon, the other treats vehicle and pollutant
effects at a signalized intersection. A small program is
included for decoding Federal Highway Administration
data tapes...Software Description: The program is writ-
ten In the Fortran programming language for Imple-
mentation on a DATA 100/78 computer. 300K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Air pollution, Computer pro-
grams, Fortran, Atmospheric diffusion, Computerized
simulation, Carbon monoxide, Emission, Magnetic
tapes, APRAC-2 model, Gaussian plume models,
DATA-100 computers.
PB-283 275/8 PC A04/MF A01
Vanpoollng: An Overview. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
David Klrcher, and Lawrence Wapensky. Mar 78,62p*
EPA/908/1-78/001
The report is intended to provide information on van-
pooling as It exists in the United States. It Is not a com-
prehensive treatise, rather the report emphasizes key
features of vanpooling, with special attention being
paid to Implementation of vanpool programs and legal
and insurance Issues pertaining to vanpooling. Organi-
zations in industry and government who are consider-
ing Implementing or expanding vanpool programs will
find the report useful. Topics covered are vanpool pro-
gram designs, vanpooling experience, insurance and
454 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
legal issues, vanpooling costs, benefits, and the Na-
tional Association of Vanpool Operators.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, Project planning,
Coordination, Travel, Insurance, Energy conservation,
Air pollution, Industries, Government, 'Van pools,
'Ride sharing, Commuter van pools, Commuter ride-
sharing, Air pollution abatement, Environment man-
agement, Car pools, Transportation brokerage, 'Van
pooling.
PB-283 276/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Wyoming AOMA Area Source Inventory. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc. Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Jun 75,102p EPA/908/1-76/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
See also report dated March 73, PB-258154.
This report contains emission estimates for non point
sources of air pollution in AQMA counties of the State
of Wyoming. Estimates for particulates, sulfur oxides,
and hydrocarbon emissions are made for the base
year (present), 1980 and 1985. Methodologies and
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Particles, "Sulfur oxides,
Hydrocarbons, Forecasting, Inventories, Wyoming,
Fuels, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Roads, Agriculture, Dust,
Construction, 'Air quality maintenance, Open burning.
PB-283 277/2 PC A04/MF A01
An Overview of Ridesharing and Ma»« Transit Em-
ployer Incentive*. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Air
Planning and Operations Section.
John W. Tucker, Jr. Mar 78, 58p EPA/908/1-78/002
The report reviews the incentives currently being used
by public and private sector employers to encourage
employee use of ridesharing and mass transit as an al-
ternative to the single occupant vehicle and identifies a
jew successful incentive programs. The legal and insti-
tutional aspects of employer sponsored incentive pro-
grams are discussed in some detail. Existing carpool
matching systems and costs are briefly discussed.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, Incentives, Project
Planning, Parking facilities, Mass transportation, 'Ride
snaring, *Car pools, Van pools, Trip sharing, Commut-
er ridesharing, Commuting costs, Commuter van
Pools, "Car pool matching services, 'Commuter transit
services.
278/0 PC A13/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Colo. Region VIII.
w>»l Fired Power Plant Trace Element Study.
volume II. Station I. Volume III. Station II. Volume
'V. Station III.
adian Corp., Austin, Tex.
,
Contract EPA-68-91 -2663
Sea also Volume 1 , PB-257 293.
This report summarizes the results of a program to
Jljjaracterize the trace element emissions from three
coal-fired electric generating stations. A material bal-
ance approach was used for a quantitative examlna-
™on of twenty-seven elements. An additional twenty-
"x elements were surveyed semlquantitattvely. The
"»ce elements can be broadly classed Into three gen-
eral groups; (1) those uniformly distributed in the coal
•*. (2) those preferentially emitted with the fly ash,
,T™ O) those emitted as vapors In the flue gas. The se-
£Sr°n of stations using different coals with different
°°>K>T and paniculate collection configurations pro-
J"0*" a comparison of trace element emissions as a
junction of plant design and operating parameters.
'oe overall report is presented in four sections.
'oiume I compares the three stations. Volume II In-
aupes Volume II (Station I), Volume III (Station II), and
•owie IV (Station III), giving detailed results and de-
iSPflons of the methodology used for the Individual
*»tjon8. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
s: *Gas analysis, 'Trace elements, *Air pollu-
E eotrlc P°wer Plants, Combustion products, In-
lal wastes, Chemical analysis, Flue gases, Fly
""". Ash content, Concentration(Composition), Parti-
cles, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Process charting, Coal, 'Coal fired power plants,
* Air pollution detection.
PB-2B3 279/8 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Emission* of Producing OH and Gas Well*. Final
rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
Nov77,132pRAD-100-114, EPA/908/4-77/006
Contract EPA-68-01-3700
This report describes the methods and results of a pro-
gram to assess the emissions of oil and gas wells. The
impact of the emissions was determined through a
combination of source testing for fugitive emissions,
ambient air quality monitoring, and meteorological
monitoring. Fugitive emissions were detected that
ranged from minute leaks to jet-type leaks. Ambient
monitoring measured periodically high levels of hydro-
gen sulfide and hydrocarbons at the oil field. Emission
rates and emission factors were determined tor each
of the wells sampled. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Oil wells, 'Gas wells, Assessments, Air
pollution, Leaks, Monitoring, Tables(Data), Measuring
instruments, 'Fugitive emissions, *Alr quality, *Alr pol-
lution sampling, Emission factors, Air quality data.
PB-283 280/6 PC A07/MF A01
Water and Air Quality Trend* In Region VIII U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Thomas A. Entzminger, Richard Sotiros, Barry F.
Levene, and William H. Tabor. Mar 78,148p EPA/
908/2-78/001
Water and air quality trends and summaries were de-
termined for the six states in Region VIII. These states
are Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Utah, and Wyoming. Only the data on EPA's national
data banks were used. The STORET data bank was
used for the water quality analysis and the SAROAD
base was used for the air analysis. The water quality
status and trends were calculated and reported in two
ways; (1) as single parameter percentages of standard
or criteria violations, and (2) as a single 'index' number
derived as the aggregate of percentage violations of
four parameter groups. The air quality report provides
information where quality standards are achieved as
well as areas which still have significant problems. In-
dices are used where appropriate. This report was not
Intended to be a comprehensive analysis of cause and
effect relationships.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution. Trends,
Standards, Data bases, Monitoring, Rivers, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Oxygen, Bacteria, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Region 8, 'Water
quality, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Water
pollution sampling, Storage and retrieval of water qual-
ity data, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data,
TDSfTotal Dissolved Solids).
PB-263 288/7 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Procedure* Manual for Fabric Filter Evaluation.
Final task rept. Oct 77-Apr 78,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
Kenneth M. Gushing, and Wallace B. Smith. Jun 78,
454p SORI-EAS-78-355FFM, EPA/600/7-78/113
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes methods to be used In experi-
mentally characterizing the performance of fabric fil-
ters for pollution control. It gives a detailed description
of the mechanical characteristics of fabric filters. It de-
scribes procedures for measuring particle size distribu-
tion, the mass concentration of paniculate matter, and
the concentration of major gaseous components of
the flue-gas/particle mixture. Tt gives a concise discus-
sion ana outline, describing the development of a test
plan for evaluating a fabric filter Installation. By follow-
ing this outline, useful tests may be performed, ranging
In complexity from qualitative and relatively Inexpen-
sive to rather elaborate research programs. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Air filters,
'Manuals, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Particle size distribution, Flue
gases, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Sampling,
'Fabric filters, Air pollution sampling, Air pollution de-
tection.
PB-283 299/6 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Simulation Modeling of the Shallow Ground-Water
System In La* Vega* Valley, Nevada. Final rept. 1
Nov 69-31 Jan 74,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Desert Research Inst.
Jerome A. Westphal. Jul 78,209p EPA/600/2-78-156
Grant EPA-R-800946
The vast influx of population began pouring Into the
Las Vegas Valley in the 1940's the hydrologic regime
of the Valley has undergone significant change. This
domestic irrigation of vegetation together with
wastewater return flows has caused a perennial
stream leaving the Valley through Las Vegas Wash.
This study was implemented to determine what is hap-
pening In the shallow ground-water zone (0 to 300')
within the Valley, its flow, and the main sources of con-
tamination. Results of this study have been divided
into three volumes. This publication, the third volume,
'Simulation Modeling of the Shallow Ground-Water
System In Las Vegas Valley,' discusses the problems
and water level fluctuations in the shallow ground-
water system.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water supply, Mathemat-
ical models, Aquifers, Land use, Ground water re-
charge, Water table, Water wells, Statistical data, Hy-
draulic conductivity, Nevada, Water levels, Las Vegas
Valley.
PB-283 331/7 PC A06/MF A01
Wastewater Facilities and the Clean Water Pro-
gram. Volume 1. Issues and Actions. Denver re-
gional environmental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Apr 78,108p EPA/908/5-77/001 A
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-272 864 and Volume
2, PB-283 331.
This is the final environmental impact statement (EIS)
prepared by EPA for the Denver Region concerning
actions to be taken on 10 wastewater facility plans and
the Denver Clean Water Plan (208 Plan). This EIS ad-
dresses the regional effects of these projects and the
208 Plan considering both direct and secondary Im-
pacts. Emphasis is given to the regional and cumula-
tive Impacts of population growth and development
through the year 2000 which these projects and plans
anticipate. The regional Impacts on air quality, water
quality, recreation, sensitive lands, agriculture, econo-
my, and energy are examined. Volume 1 addresses
the most Important issues and EPA proposed actions.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements - final, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Recreation, Agriculture, Land use, Economic impacts,
Energy, Population growth, Colorado, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, 'Denver(Colorado), 'Clean Water Act.
PB-283 332/6 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Wastewater Facilities and the Clean Water Pro-
gram. Volume 2. Analy*!*, Comment* and Re-
•ponse*. Denver regional environmental impact
statement (Final).
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
Apr 78,468p EPA/905/6-77/001 B
Contract EPA-68-01-3441
See also report dated 1977, PB-272 863 and Volume
1, PB-283 331.
This Is the final environmental Impact statement (EIS)
prepared by EPA for the Denver Region concerning
actions to be taken on 10 wastewater facility plans and
the Denver Clean Water Plan (208 Plan). This EIS ad-
dresses the regional effects or these projects and the
208 Plan considering both direct and secondary Im-
pacts. Emphasis Is given to the regional and cumula-
December 1983 455
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
quality, recreation, sensitive lands, agriculture, econo-
my, and energy are examined. Volume 2 contains the
detailed analysis of impacts, comments received on
the draft EIS and EPA's responses to comments.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements - final, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Recreation, Energy, Water conservation, Agriculture,
Population growth, Economic impact, Social effect,
Land use, Colorado, 'Sewage treatment plants,
'Denver(Colorado), Nonpoint sources.
PB-283 341/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Preliminary Guidance for Estimating Erosion on
Areas Disturbed by Surface Mining Activities In
the Interior Western United States. Interim final
rept,
Soil Conservation Service, Denver, Colo.
Arnold D. King, and Tommie J. Holder. Jul 77,70p
EPA/908/4-77/005
Surface mining activity in the Interior Western U.S. is
increasing. As disruption of surface lands increases, a
tool is needed to evaluate alternative mitigating meas-
ures needed for reclamation of disturbed lands. This
publication provides guidance on the use of the Uni-
versal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to predict water-re-
lated erosion on areas disturbed by surface mining.
The USLE is a method of estimating soil loss from
sheet and rill erosion as a function of rainfall intensity,
soil erodibility, length/percent slope, vegetative pro-
tection and erosion control practices (contour tillage
and stripcropping). The information gained by applica-
tion of the USLE can be used as a basis for comparing
alternative conservation practices used in reclamation
planning. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Erosion,
Mathematical models, Mathematical prediction, Soil
properties, Land reclamation, Drainage, Rainfall,
Slope, Farms, Sediments, Tables(Data), Topography,
Western Region(United States), Universal soil loss
equation.
PB-283 3S2/3 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Emissions from Synthetic Fuels Production Facili-
ties. Volume I. Executive Summary,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. D. Colley, W. A. Gathman, and M. L. Owen. Sep 77,
25p* EPA/908/4-77-01 OA
Contract EPA-68-01-3535
See also Volume 2, PB-283 353.
This report was compiled to provide the Environmental
Protection Agency with an assessment of multi-media
pollutants from oil shale processing and coal gasifica-
tion facilities. The report examines oil shale and coal
extraction methods in addition to fuel conversion proc-
esses. Three oil shale conversion processes are con-
sidered: the TOSCO II, Paraho, and Union Oil process-
es. The Lurgi process is considered for coal gasifica-
tion. Process descriptions and module definitions are
presented for each operation. Potential air emissions,
water effluents, and solid wastes are then identified
and quantified for each module. Emissions of trace
elements and organics are determined qualitatively.
An assessment of resources required to support the
production facilities is also included. The overall report
Is presented in two volumes. Volume I summarizes the
objectives, the approach, and the results of the study.
Volume II gives detailed descriptions of the method-
ology and the results.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal gasification,
*Otl shale, Air pollution, Water pollution, Trace ele-
ments, Organic compounds, Assessments, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Solid wastes, Lurgi process, Tosco process, Union oil
process, Paraho process.
PB-283 363/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Emissions from Synthetic Fuel Production Facltt-
tles. Volume II. Report,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. D. Colley, W. A. Gathman, and M. L. Owen. Sep 77,
218p* EPA/908/4-77/01 OB
Contract EPA-68-01 -3535
See also Volume 1, PB-283 352.
This report was compiled to provide the Environmental
Protection Agency with an assessment of multi-media
pollutants from oil shale processing and coal gasifica-
tion facilities. The report examines oil shale and coal
extraction processes in addition to fuel conversion
methods. Three oil shale conversion processes are
considered: the TOSCO II, Paraho, and Union Oil proc-
esses. The Lurgi process is considered for coal gasifi-
cation. Process descriptions and module definitions
are presented for each operation. Potential air emis-
sions, water effluents, and solid wastes are then identi-
fied and quantified for each module. Emissions of
trace elements and organics are determined qualita-
tively. An assessment of resources required to support
the production facilities is also included. The overall
report is presented in two volumes. Volume I summa-
rizes the objectives, the approach, and the results of
the study. Volume II gives detailed descriptions of the
methodology and the results. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, *Coal gasification,
'Oil shale, Air pollution, Water pollution, Trace ele-
ments, Organic compounds, Assessments, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Coal mining, Design
criteria, Process charting, Hydrocarbons, Carbon mon-
oxide, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Solid
wastes, Lurgi process, TOSCO process, Union oil
process, Paraho process.
PB-283 354/9 PC A10/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment Facilities for Three Lakes,
Colorado. Final Environmental Impact Statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Gene Taylor. Mar 78, 204p EPA/908/5-78/002
This EIS describes and analyzes the environmental im-
pacts of a proposed regional sewage collection and
treatment system for the Three Lakes Water and Sani-
tation District, Colorado. The proposed sewerage
system will serve presently unsewered developed
areas, eliminate present sub-standard septic tank and
treatment plant discharge to the lakes, and discharge
a properly treated effluent to a stream nontributary to
the lakes. Growth and non-point issues are being ad-
dressed by Grand County, the project is expected to
result in water quality and land use improvement for
the Three Lakes area. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements - final, Water pollution control, Con-
struction, Erosion, Land use, Lagoons(Ponds), Taxes,
Sedimentation, Septic tanks, Economic impact, Social
effect, Grand Lake, Shadow Mountain Lake, Lake
Granby, Colorado, 'Grand County(Colorado).
PB-283 365/5 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Study of Engineering and Water Management
Practices That Will Minimize the Infiltration of Pre-
cipitation Into Trenches Containing Radioactive
Waste. Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
Sep 77,97pORP/LV-78/5
Contract EPA-68-03-2452
This report Is the final output of a U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency contract which was funded to
review present engineering and water management
practices to minimize the infiltration of precipitation
through trench caps. The objective of this effort was to
evaluate and compare the existing practices In use at
sanitary landfills, hazardous waste disposal facilities,
and experimental burial sites, and to apply these prac-
tices to the commercial low-level radioactive waste
sites. The report is based on a review of the literature
and general knowledge of the state-of-the-art In sani-
tary engineering developments. The report describes
presently available techniques which may be applica-
ble to current and future shallow land burial oper-
ations.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, Management plan-
ning, Runoff, Surface waters, Ground water, Sites,
Substitutes, Monitoring, Fluid Infiltration, 'Land dispos-
al, 'Trenches.
PB-283 389/5 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Alternate Methods of Manure Handling. Final rept.
1 Jul 75-30 Jun 77,
Vermont Univ., Burlington. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Frederick R. Magdoff, Grant D. Wells, Arthur E. Smith,
Steven Goldberg, and John Amadon. Apr 78,49p
EPA/600/2-78/078
Grant EPA-R-803883
The objectives of this research project were to (a) con-
struct an inexpensive storage facility for solid dairy cow
manure, (b) evaluate its performance and the extent of
pollutants in runoff from storage facilities, and (c) de-
termine current manure handling practices in Vermont
and dairy farmers' attitudes and expectations with
regard to possible future regulations on manure han-
dling. A storage facility was constructed at the Univer-
sity of Vermont and runoff from the site was channeled
through sampling huts. A second site was established
on a dairy farm in North Hero, Vermont. Runoff from
the stacked manure was sampled weekly. The quality
and quantity of runoff from the storage sites indicate a
substantial potential to pollute. Runoff from open
stacks of manure should, therefore, be contained in a
lagoon and irrigated on cropland. Alternately, runoff
could be eliminated by covering the manure. A survey
of Vermont commercial dairy farmers (20 or more milk-
ing cows) indicated that most felt they could not afford
the cost of changing manure handling systems.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Water pollution abatement, Storage, Materials han-
dling, Dairy cattle. Runoff, Sampling, Lagoons(Ponds),
Savings, Performance evaluation, Attitude surveys,
Seepage, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Losses, Vermont,
'Manure.
PB-283 390/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
. Ohio.
OHMSETT 'High Seas' Performance Testing:
MARCO Class V Oil Skimmer. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
N.J.
G. F. Smith, and W. E. McCracken. May 78,49p EPA/
600/2-78/093
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
A MARCO Class V oil skimmer was tested at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's OHMSETT facility
to determine the device's 'high seas' performance
characteristics. Performance data was obtained for
several simulated offshore wave conditions at various
collection speeds. Skimmer efficiency was determined
at various belt speeds and Induction pump rates in
order to define optimum skimmer settings and to better
define oil/water separator needs.
Keywords: 'Skimmers, 'Water pollution control, 'Per-
formance tests, Water waves. Oceans, Collection,
Pumps, Marine transportation, Oil pollution removal.
OH pollution control, Oil spills.
PB-283 395/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati.
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Polyvlnyl Chloride,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
Z. S. Khan, and T. W. Hughes. May 78,107p' MRC-
DA-700, EPA/600/2-78/004!
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-280 959.
This report summarizes data on air emissions from the
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry. PVC is manufactured
by 20 companies at 35 plants. Each plant uses one or
more of four possible polymerization processes: (1)
suspension polymerization, (2) emulsion polymeriza-
tion, (3) bulk polymerization, and (4) solution polymeri-
zation. A representative PVC plant was defined to
assess the severity of emissions from this industry
Source severity, defined as the ratio of the time-aver-
aged maximum ground level concentration of a pollut-
ant to a hazard potential, was calculated for 16 chemi-
cal species emitted from a representative plant Tn*
two largest severities were 970 for vinyl chloride and
1.9 for PVC. Control technology for hydrocarbons in-
cludes adsorption, absorption, refrigeration, inciner-
ation, stripping, purging of equipment with inert gas <*
water, and control of fugitive emissions.
456 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Chemical industry, 'Poly-
vinyl chloride, Sources, Assessments, industrial
wastes, Design criteria, Sites, Air pollution control,
Trends, Forecasting, Emission factors.
PB-283 401/8 PC E06/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, Wash. Environmental Research Labs.
Washington State Refineries: Petroleum, Petro-
leum Derivatives and Wastewater Effluent Char-
acteristics. Final rept. May-Nov 76,
Oceanographic Inst. of Washington, Seattle.
Joseph T. Pizzo, Thomas L. Johnson, and Gary W
Harshman. Mar 78, 186p EPA/600/7-78/040
Contract NOAA-03-6-022-35189
This report presents the results of a stuoy of
wastewater effluent characteristics of refineries in
Washington State, compiled for NOAA as part of an
Environmental Assessment of Northern Puget Sound
and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The purpose of the
study was to describe in detail the types of petroleum
and petroleum derivatives that potentially could reach
the waters of Puget Sound. This was achieved through
the collection and summary of available information on
the chemical characteristics, amounts processed, and
final disposition of crude oils, refined products, and
wastewater effluents associated with the six Puget
Sound refineries. Sources for this Information Included
the literature, federal and state government agencies,
the petroleum Industry, and academic institutions. The
report describes the amounts and types of petroleum
and Its derivatives handled by Puget Sound refineries
and the amounts typically reaching marine waters. Fur-
ther, the refining and waste treatment processes em-
ployed by the area refineries are described In detail.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water analysis, 'Petro-
bum Industry, 'Refineries, Industrial wastes, Process
charting, Washington(State), Puget Sound, Juan de
Fuca Strait, Industrial waste treatment, Water pollution
control, Petroleum products, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution detection.
PB-283 404/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
*"e Selection for the Monitoring of Photochemi-
cal Air Pollutants,
«"l International, Menlo Park, Calif.
F-L. Ludwig, and E Shelar Apr 78,139p EPA/450/3-
Contract EPA-68-02-2028
T*** report addresses the issues of (1) classifying
roonitoring objectives for the major pollutants involved
*> atmospheric photochemical reactions-the non-
"Jfjhane hydrocarbons (NMHC), nitric oxide (NO) ni-
ls'*11 dioxide (NO2). and oxldants (Ox)-(2) devising a
*•' of monitoring station types to meet those objec-
tvui Ji__n. . Ini ..ik.i_._ A«Ar.Ar4iirao tnr IflAntlTVi.
r s o -
wes; and finally (3) prescribing procedures for identify-
£8 suitable locations for the different types of monltor-
25«tatlon». A literature review suggests that the ob-
of past data gathering efforts can be classified
o to the spatial area to be represented, the
f the pollutant as a reactanl or product photo-
! processes, and sometimes, whether the im-
Ej-w of a particular source are of concern. A site ty-
5r$0y based on spatial representatrvlty with subcate-
E*s dependent on more specialized monitoring ob-
{J2lM (i.e., source-oriented, product-oriented, or
^Jfwnt-orlented objectives) Is presented. The re-
wnets for locating the different types of monitor-
have been outlined In flow chart form.
«jord»: 'Air pollution, Sites, Sampling, Monitoring,
rCSE? oxidelNO), Nlrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons,
j£*^a«on(Composltion), Ozone, Oxidtzers, Site
V*. 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality, 'Site se-
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-
term effects of applying municipal wastewater after pri-
mary treatment to the land using the rapid infiltration
technique. This was accomplished by analyzing
groundwater quality and soil chemistry at a site with a
long operating history. Primary municipal effluent has
been applied continuously to rapid infiltration basins at
Holllster, California, for more than 30 years. Infiltration
rates were determined, subsurface hydrology was
logged, and water table response to wastewater appli-
cation was monitored. A sampling and analysis pro-
gram covering a 1 year period included samples from
(1) primary effluent, (2) onsite and control site soil pro-
files, (3) groundwater at the site and upgradient and
downgradient of groundwater movement from the site.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Fluid infiltration,
'Ground water, 'Water quality, 'Municipalities, Trace
elements, Soil properties, Water table, Flooding, Land
use, Soil profiles, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Cation ex-
changing, Nitrification, Monitoring, Observation wells,
Statistical analysis, Conductivity, Coliform bacteria,
California, 'Land application, Groundwater movement,
Denitrification, 'Hollister(Calitornia).
PB-283 417/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region Vlll.
Reservoir Ecoayatems and Weatern Coal Devel-
opment In the Upper Missouri River. Final rept.,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Pierre, S.D. North Central
Reservoir Investigations.
William R. Nelson, Dan B. Martin, Lance G. Beckman,
David W. Zimmer, and Douglas J. Highland. Jun 77,
100p EPA/908/4-78/006
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Denver, Colo. Region Vlll.
The North Central Reservoir Investigations (NCRI)
group reviewed pertinent literature and conducted a
one-year reconnaissance level aquatic study of poten-
tial energy impact areas of Fort Peck Reservoir in
Montana and Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota. Ef-
fects of energy development on the ecological condi-
tions in the area can be projected from this ecological
overview. Evaluated in this study were limnology,
water chemistry and fisheries of the two Missouri River
impoundments.
Keywords. 'Coal mining, 'Water pollution, 'Fort Peck
Reservoir, "Lake Sakakawea,
Concentration(Compositlon), Surveys, Metals, Fishes,
Abundance, Phytoplankton, Groundwater, Limnology,
Dissolved gases, Oxygen, pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Inorganic sulfates, Magnesium, Potassium, Silicon
dioxide, Montana, North Dakota, Missouri, Baseline
measurements, Energy development.
PB-283 432-SET PC E07
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Resource Manual for Implementing the NSPS
Continuous Monitoring Regulations.
Acurex Corp., Mountain view, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
Apr 78, 1 52p-in 4
Set includes PB-283 433 thru PB-283 436.
No abstract available.
PB-283 433/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Resource Manual for Implementing the NSPS
fjonTlnuou* Monitoring Regulation. Manual 1 •
SourceliSectlon and Location of Contlnuoua
AcxoporwIn View, Calif. Aerotherm Div
F Jay J^Steiner. and R. Larkin. Apr 78, 72p EPA/340/
1-78/005A
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
, 8 Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada,
iT?- «va«ewater Management Branch.
5?3r[jcm Effects of Land Application of Domes-
S^MtowMar, HoHlster, California, Rap
ppcao -
ifornia, Rapid Inftttr*-
, Inc., Pato Alto, Calif
Pound, Ronald W. Crites, and James V.
. 189p EPA/600/2-78/084
Abo MHabteof 4 reports PC E07, PB-283 432-
SET.
Manual 1 presents NSPS regulations for selecting and
kxasng opacity and gaseous monitors for aHected
source* Specific problem areas such as •tr«««ea«on.
Suuton water vapor interferences, and multiple feed
S^aredhKwssed. Criteria lor selecting monitoring
s$™ andcCwists lor agency Inspection an3
SJSwof equipment installations are Included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Manuals,
'Continuous sampling, Sources, Sites, Sampling, Mon-
itors, Standards, Concentration(Compositlon), Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Gas detectors, Strati-
fication, Water vapor, Dilution, 'New source perform-
ance standards, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution
detection, Stationary sources.
PB-283 434/9 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Reaource Manual for Implementing the NSPS
Contlnuoua Monitoring Regulations. Manual 2 -
Preliminary Activities lor Contlnuoua Monitoring
Syatem Certification,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
F. Jaye, J. Steiner, and R. Larkin. Apr 78,25p EPA/
340/1-78/005C
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
See also PB-283 433, and PB-283 435.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E07, PB-283 432-
SET
Manual 2 discusses the NSPS regulations pertaining to
monitor installations, agency notification requirements,
and performance test evaluations. The text and refer-
enced checklists are Intended to supplement the
actual performance specifications.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Manuals,
'Continuous sampling, Performance evaluation, Moni-
tors, Standards, Sources, Calibrations, Specifications,
'New source performance standards, Air pollution
sampling.
PB-283 435/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Resource Manual for Implementing the NSPS
Contlnuoua Monitoring Regulations. Manual 3 •
Procedures for Agency Evaluation of Contlnuoua
Monitor Data and Excess Emission Reports,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
F. Jaye, J. Steiner, and R. Larkin. Apr 76,40p EPA/
340/1-78/005B
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
See also PB-283 434, and PB-283 436.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E07, PB-283 432-
SET.
Manual 3 presents the NSPS regulations for data and
reporting requirements lor affected sources. The
manual also discusses the use of various factors In
converting data to units of standards. Examples are
given to Illustrate what must be reported and how to
evaluate the contents of these reports.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Manuals,
'Contlnous sampling, Sources, Standards, Fossil
fuels, Nitric acid, Sulfurlc acid, Industrial wastes, Data
analysis, Monitoring, 'New source performance stand-
ards, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-283 438/4 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Resource Manual for Implementing the NSPS
~ " tltoring Regulations. Manual 4 -
ig and Maintenance Procedures
Contlnuoua Monitoring Regulations. Manual 4
Source Operating and Malm
for Contlnuoua Monitoring Systems,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
F. Jaye, J. Steiner, and R. Larkin. Apr 78,15p EPA/
340/1-78/006D
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
See also PB-283 433.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E07, PB-283 432-
SET.
Manual 4 provides Information on good maintenance
and operation practices for continuous monitoring sys-
tems. Purpose of the manual Is to familiarize agency
personnel with maintenance requirements of the
NSPS regulations, with the key components ol a
sound maintenance program, and with the required
and otherwise helpful operational checks.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Continuous
sampling, Standards, Sources, Maintenance, 'New
source performance standards, 'Air pollution sam-
pling.
December 1983 467
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-283 438/0 PC A09/MF A01
Region 8:1977 Power Plant Summary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Gary E. Parker, and George Boulter. Jul 76,176p EPA/
908/4-78/002
This document provides summary information on
power generation facilities located in the U.S. EPA,
Region VIII states of Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. When
available, plant specific information is presented.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, Regional planning,
Electric power generation, Tables(Data), Fuel con-
sumption, Industrial wastes,
Concentratlon(Composition), Sources, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Region 8.
PB-283 448/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Use ol Meteorological Data In Air Quality Trend
Analysis,
Technology Sen/Ice Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Melvln D. Zeldln, and William S. Meisel. May 78,101p
EPA/450/3-78/024
Contract EPA-68-02-2318
Meteorological Influences upon air quality trend analy-
ses can complicate the evaluation of air pollution con-
trol efforts. It Is important to isolate the meteorological
effects In order to determine air quality trends as a
function of emissions. This report surveys existing
methods for meteorologically adjusting air quality
trends, Including a review of known relationships be-
tween specific air pollutants and various meteorologi-
cal parameters, and presents a recommended meth-
odology to normalize air quality trends with respect to
'typical' year meteorology. Procedures involve the de-
termination of mutually exclusive meteorological
classes and the treatment of air quality variables strati-
fied according to the established meteorological
classes. A hypothetical example is included to illus-
trate both the mathematical processes and the inter-
pretation of the methodological results.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Meteorological data,
Trends, Atmospheric composition, Surveys, Oxidizers,
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Inorganic sulfates, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality, Procedures.
PB-283 458/8 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
The Construction, Technical Evaluation, and Frlc-
tlonel Determination of an Aluminum Storm Sewer
System. Final rept. 1973-76,
Cnamlin and Associates, Inc., Peru, III.
James J. Giordano. Mar 78,272p EPA/600/2-78/025
Grant EPA-11032-DTI
The program consisted of analysis of the effect upon
the quantity of sewerage flows in a portion of the exist-
ing combined system as a result of the construction of
a demonstration aluminum storm sewer system, labo-
ratory testing of flow characteristics of aluminum pipe,
design and construction of a demonstration aluminum
storm sewer system and appurtenances and the tech-
nical evaluation of the demonstration aluminum storm
sewer system over a 10 year post-construction period.
Evaluation of the demonstration aluminum storm
sewer system is being accomplished by annual inspec-
tion tours consisting of collection of wastewater sam-
ples for determination of heavy metal content, pH, and
minimum resistivity and aluminum sample coupons
which are analyzed for corrosion and abrasion wear in
the laboratory. Also measurements of deflection are
taken at select locations to observe the structural per-
formance of the completed aluminum demonstration
sewer.
Keywords: 'Aluminum alloys, 'Storm sewers, 'Com-
bined sewers, Performance evaluation, Corrugated
metal pipes, Pipe flow, Surface water runoff, Corrosion
environments, Design, Specifications, Friction, Test
methods, Abrasion tests, Wear tests, Deflection,
Thickness, Weight (Mass).
PB-2B3 469/5 PC A05/MF A01
Radiological Surveys of Idaho Phosphate Ore
Processing - the Wet Process Plant. Technical
note.
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Apr78,94pORP/LV-78-1
Radiological surveys conducted at the J. R. Simplot's
Wet Process Plant in Pocatello, Idaho indicate slightly
elevated ambient levels of natural radioactivity. Com-
pared to an estimated natural background annual dose
equivalent rate of about 79 mrem, net gamma dose
rates ranged from 42 mrem in general plant areas to
152 mrem per work year (2000 hours) on the ore piles.
Ambient radon-222 concentrations, ranging from 0.14
to 1.9 pCi/l, were measured in several work areas, with
polonium-210 and radium-226 being the most pre-
dominant radionuclides of the natural uranium decay
series. Particle size characterization indicates roughly
52 percent of the arithmetic total radioactivity is asso-
ciated with the particle size fraction less than one mi-
crometer equivalent aerodynamic diameter. Stack
sampling results also show that appreciable concen-
trations of the naturally-occurring radionuclides are
being discharged into the local environs. In general,
the dose estimates and the interpretation of results
have been oriented toward evaluating the maximum
potential impact of the plant on the environment; how-
ever, no attempt has been made to determine the
annual average dose to workers within the plant from
all exposure pathways.
Keywords: 'Phosphate deposits, 'Mining, 'Process-
ing, 'Natural radioactivity, Environmental impacts, Ra-
diation monitors, Site surveys, Radioactive wastes, In-
dustrial wastes, Radon, Dust, Gamma rays, Sampling,
Air pollution, Particle size, Water pollution, Lead iso-
topes, Polonium, Construction materials, Slags, Aggre-
gates, Solid waste disposal, Reclamation, Recycling,
Filters, Roasting, Phosphate industry, Mine wastes,
'Baseline measurements, Air pollution sampling,
Water pollution sampling, Road materials, Indoor air
pollution, Pocatello(ldaho).
PB-283 470/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Jet Engine Test Cells - Emissions and Control
Measures: Phase 1. Final rept. 13 Aug-30 Sep 76,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Aerotherm Div.
D. E. Blake. Apr 78,139p AEROTHERM-FR-76-218,
EPA/340/1-78/001A
Contract EPA-68-01-3158
This report discusses the current state of the art of pol-
lutant emission measurement and cleanup technology
related to military jet engine test cells. Considerable
emissions data from jet engines is available, but data
from test cell stacks is sparse. Gaseous emission data
for the major pollutant species (CO, NO, NO2, S02,
SO3) are reliable; paniculate, opacity, and unburned
hydrocarbon data are less so. the five types of test
cell cleanup methods that have been experimentally
evaluated-electrostatic precipitator, nucleation scrub-
ber, fuel additives, thermal converter, and fuel atom-
ization improvement-are described in detail. Other,
less promising methods are briefly discussed. Several
methods are quite effective in reducing test cell emis-
sions. Fuel additives are effective in reducing test cell
plume opacity. Capital and operating cost data on
these methods are presented. For the nucleation
scrubber, the best-developed cleanup technology,
three cost estimates from different sources are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Jet engines, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Test chambers, Technology, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Scrubbers, Fuel additives, Converters, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Fuel atom-
ization.
PB-283 471/1 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Analysis of Operations and Maintenance Costs
for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems.
Technical rept.
Dames and Moore, Denver, Colo.
May 78,282p' EPA/430/8-77/015,, EPA/MCD-39
The purpose of this report is to present the results and
analyses of the most comprehensive survey made to
date on the operations and maintenance (O&M) costs
of the Nation's municipal wastewater treatment plants
and collection systems. The results have been derived
from actual plant operating records across the conti-
nental United States. Costs are presented for different
levels of wastewater treatment, types of plants and
collection systems, and segregated cost categories. A
number of analyses are also presented as relative
costs for certain treatment variables and characteris-
tics. The cost data utilized in the study range from
fourth quarter 1972 to first quarter 1977. All costs have
been adjusted to third quarter 1977 dollars. Only treat-
ment plants of 1.0 million gallons per day (mgd) capac-
ity or larger were sampled in this survey. The analyses
in this study were performed with the assistance of a
computer statistical package.
Keywords: 'Maintenance, 'Sewage treatment, 'Cost
analysis, 'Municipalities, Operations, Surveys, Cost in-
dexes, Expenses, Allocations, Sewage disposal, Oper-
ating costs, Biochemical oxygen demand, Upgrading,
Sewers, Pumping, Size determination, Data acquisi-
tion, Trickling filters, Activated sludge process,
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-283 479/4 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Div.
Construction Costs tor Municipal Wastewater
Conveyance Systems: 1973-1977. Technical rept.
Dames and Moore, Denver, Colo.
May 78,193p* EPA/430/9-77/014,, EPA/MCD-38
See also PB-282 438.
The purpose of this study was to collect, categorize
and analyze construction bid data for wastewater con-
veyance systems nationwide with the goal of providing
a reference for estimating future facility costs. All facili-
ties sampled are municipally-owned conveyance sys-
tems funded after passage of Public Law 92-500. The
455 construction projects sampled included new and
enlarged wastewater conveyance facilities. Costs for
both collector and interceptor projects were included
along with the costs of associated pumping stations
and force mains.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Construction costs, 'Municipal-
ities, Waste water, Sanitary sewers, Pipes(Tubes),
Force mains, Cost estimates, Cost indexes, Manpow-
er, Pumping, Surveys, Tables(Data), Conveying,
United States.
PB-283 551/0 PC A22/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1977.
Volume' 1. Ohio River Basin. Annual rept. Oct 76-
Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. Water Resources
Div.
May 78, 517p USGS/WRD/HD-78/010, USGS/WDR/
OH-77/1
See also Volume 2, PB-283 552, and Volume 1, 1976,
PB-268022.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground water. This report in the two volumes,
contains discharge records for 164 gaging stations,
stage and contents tor 32 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality for 157 gaging stations, 69 partial-record sta-
tions and 54 wells; and water levels for 54 observation
wells. Also included are 67 crest-stage partial-record
stations and 65 low-flow partial-record stations. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Ohio
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Ohio, Tables(Data). Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
teria, Metals, Conductivity, Ohio River Basin, Water
levels, 'Water quality data, Peak discharge, Hydrolog-
ic data.
PB-283 552/8 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1977.
Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin. Annual rept.
Oct 76-Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. Water Resources
Div.
458 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
May 78,216p USGS/WRD/HD-78/011, USGS/WDR/
OH-77/2
See also Volume 1,1977, PB-283 551, and Volume 2,
1976, PB-268 023.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground water. This report in the two volumes,
contains discharge records for 164 gaging stations,
stage and contents for 32 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality for 157 gaging stations, 69 partial-record sta-
tions and 54 wens; and water levels tor 54 observation
wells. Also included are 67 crest-stage partial-record
stations and 65 low-flow partial-record stations. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters. 'Water pollution, 'Ohio, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
teria, Metals, Conductivity, Saint Lawrence River
Basin, Water levels, 'Water quality data, Peak dis-
charge, Hydrologlc data.
PB-283 559/3 PC A19/MF A01
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Annul National Conference on Radiation Control
<9th) • MMtlng Today'* Challang**, Hald in Seat-
tle, Washington on June 19-23, 1977. Conference
Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockvllle, Md.
Apr 78,429p* FDA/BRH-78/89, DHEW/PUB/FDA-
78/8054
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-267 317. Sponsored
In part by Conference of Radiation Control Program Di-
rectors, Inc., Office of Radiation Programs, washing-
ton, D.C. and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Wash-
ington, D.C.
The publication contains the proceedings of the 9th
Annual National Conference on Radiation Control -
Meeting Today's Challenges, held June 19-23, 1977,
in Seattle, Washington. Sponsors were the Confer-
ence of Radiation Control Directors, Inc., the Bureau of
Radiological Health, the Environmental Protection
Agency, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Participants representing State and major local radi-
ation control programs, as well as Federal agencies,
discussed mutual radiation control programs. The
formal presentations and the reports of the various
task forces are included in these proceedings.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Radiation protection, "Health
Physics, X rays, Radiotherapy, National government.
Diagnosis, Risks, Females, Agencies, Control, Pro-
grams, Waste disposal, Quality assurance. Veterinary
computer applications, Mammography, Women, Com-
puterized axial tomography, Nuclear medicine, Non-
ionizing radiation, Radioactive waste disposal.
PB-283 S61/9 PC A15/MF A01
Water Resources Data tor Maryland and Dela-
ware, Water Year 1977. Water-data rept. (Annual), 1
Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Towson, Md. Water Resources Div.
May 78,328p USGS/WRD/HD-78/016, USGS/WDR/
MD/DE-77/1
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-271 724.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Mary-
land and Delaware consist of records of stage, dis-
charge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents,
and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water
tevels and water quality of ground water. This report
contains discharge records for 107 gaging stations;
stage and contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 53
9aging stations and 37 wells; and water levels for 29
observation wells. Also included are data for 87 low-
now partial-record stations, 19 crest-stage partial-
record stations, and 4 tidal crest-stage partial-record
stations. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in
Maryland and Delaware.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Maryland, "Delaware,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reser-
voirs, Observation wells, Temperature, Water analysis,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Bactena, Metals, Conductivity,
Water levels, "Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-283 S62/7 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Illinois, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Champaign, III. Water Resources
Div.
Mar 78,447p USGS/WRD/HD-78/006, USGS-WDR-
IL-77/1
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-266 379.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Illi-
nois consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and
reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of
ground water. This report contains discharge records
for 163 gaging stations; stage only records for 5 gaging
stations; stage and contents for 3 lakes and reservoirs;
stage only for 5 lake stations; water quality for 46
gaging stations, 14 partial-record stations, a miscella-
neous stations, and 35 wells; and water levels for 3 ob-
servation wells. Also Included are data for 171 crest-
i flood-profile sta-
tor the National
_, . Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies In
Illinois.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Illinois, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
"Water quality data. Peak discharge, Hydrologic data.
PB-283 567/6 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Determinant* of Lead Burdens In
Children. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
W. A. GaIKe, D. I. Hammer, J. E. Keil, and S. W.
Lawrence. 1975,24p EPA/600/J-78/022
Pub. in International Conf. on Heavy Metals in the En-
vironment, Toronto, Canada, 1975. Inst. for Environ.
Studies, Toronto, 1978, v3 p53-74.
Lead burdens in children were studied in relation to ex-
posure to lead from soil and from automobile traffic in
Charleston, SC. Preschool aged black children ex-
posed to a variety of soil leads and traffic volumes
were recruited in a house-to-house survey. Data re-
garding soil, traffic, and paint exposure and demo-
graphic information also were collected. Soil lead con-
centrations ranged from 9 to 7,890 ppm with a daily
median of 585 ppm. Children's homes faced streets
with a daily volume of < 1,000 to 16,000 cars with
51% being In the high traffic recruitment area. Lead
paint concentrations varied both within and between
homes (0-30 mg/sq cm in porch railings, 0-51 mg/sq
cm in exterior sidings). Children's blood lead levels
ranged from 18 to 77 micrograms/dl with a mean of 38
micrograms/dl. Since three representations of traffic
volume were available, a separate regression analysis
was done for each. Soil lead was always statistically
significant while traffic volume and lead paint (exterior
siding and door frame) were significant when traffic
was represented as high-low. Little influence of demo-
graphic or Individual characteristics on blood leads
was found. These results suggest that measurement
of all environmental lead sources must be considered
in future lead body burden studies.
Keywords: *Lead(Metal), Children, Exposure, Soils,
Vehicular traffic, Paints, Environments,
Concentration(Composition), Blood chemical analysis,
Demography, Correlation, Toxicology, South Carolina,
Statistical analysis, "Toxic substances, "Body bur-
dens, Air pollution effects(Humans), Black Americans,
Charieston(South Carolina).
PB-263 566/4 PC A03/MF A01
A New Metabolite of Chlorpyrrfos: Isolation and
Identification. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Emile M. Lores, G. Wayne Sovocool, Robert L.
Harless, Nancy K. Wilson, and Robert F. Moseman. 8
Aug 77, 7p EPA/600/J-78/023
Pub. in Jnl. Agri. Food Chem., v26 n2 p118-122 1978.
A new metabolite of cWorpyrifos was discovered in a
human poisoning case in which a lethal quanitity of the
pesticide was ingested. The metabolite was isolated
from a human liver extract. After extensive cleanup,
the metabolite was subjected to various instrumental
analyses such as gas chromatography, mass spec-
trometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The meta-
bolite was identified as a compound similar to chlorpyr-
ifos with a methylthio (-SCH3) group substituted for a
chlorine on the pyridinol ring. The method of isolation
and the data obtained from the instrumental analyses
are presented.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxic diseases, Metabolism,
Humans, Poisons, ingestion(Biology), Liver, Isolation,
Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Toxicology, Reprints, "Metabo-
lites, Pesticide residues, "Dursban, Phosphoroth-
ioates, Methane thiols, Toxic substances.
PB-283 572/6 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C,
Office of Solid Waste.
Pollution Prediction Techniques tor Wast* Dis-
posal Siting; A State-of-the-Art Assessment.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, Pa.
1978,477p"
Contract EPA-68-01-4368
A significant potential for adverse impact on the Na-
tion's groundwaters now exists due to Increased land
disposal of solid and liquid residual wastes, particularly
hazardous wastes. Concurrently, there has been an In-
crease In the amount of waste being generated, and
many wastes continue to be disposed of in a 'least-
cost way which contributes to environmental degrada-
tion. Landfllllng, ponds, lagoons, and other Indiscrimi-
nate land-disposal methods have proven in numerous
instances to be ineffective for adequate protection of
the health of both the public and the environment, par-
ticularly where hazardous wastes are involved. This
can also be attributed to poor management practices,
since technological and management guidelines regu-
lating such disposal practices nave, for the most part,
been only recently enacted. The overall objective of
this investigation is to provide a state-of-the-art as-
sessment of pollution prediction techniques for waste-
disposal siting. This assessment includes both current
research and regulatory procedures relative to the
land disposal/treatment of waste for the entire waste
spectrum, exclusive of radioactive wastes. The em-
phasis, however, is on that research and those regula-
tory procedures that deal specifically with hazardous
waste. Furthermore, the emphasis is on those tech-
niques which lead to pollution prediction through an
assessment of attenuation of waste leachates.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Water pollution control, Predictions, Management
planning, Site surveys, Regulations, Leaching, Soil
properties, Chemical compounds, Mathematical pre-
diction, Classification, Mathematical models, Simula-
tion, Sanitary landfills, Lagoons(Ponds), Design crite-
ria, Transport properties, Ground water, State of the
art, Path of pollutants, Land disposal, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB-283 597/3 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Evaluation of Partlculate Matter Control Equip-
ment for Copper Smelters. Final rept. 1977,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Vishnu S. Katari, Lario Yerino, Edmund S. Schindler,
and Timothy W. Devitt. Feb 78,270p 3270-1-X, EPA-
909/9-78-001
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
In 1977 at the request of EPA, Region IX, Enforcement
Division, PEDCo Environmental, Inc. conducted an In-
vestigation of participate matter control equipment
which could be installed at two copper smelters locat-
ed In Arizona. The two smelters investigated were the
New Cornelia Branch copper smelter of the Phelps
Dodge Corporation located in Ajo. Arizona and the
Magma Cipper Company copper smelter located In
San Manuel, Arizona. The purpose of the investigation
December 1983 459
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was to determine the technical feasibility of compli-
ance and the cost of control equipment necessary to
comply with the paniculate matter control regulation.
Fabric filters, scrubbers, dry and wet electrostatic pre-
clpltators were Investigated with the assistance of In-
dustrial Gas Cleaning Institute member companies.
This report Includes a description of each smelter; an
analysis of available emission data for each smelter;
and a summary of capital costs, annual costs and
technical control equipment data for 9 control options
for each smelter. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: *Alr pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Smelters, Arizona, Feasibility, Scrubbers, Electrostat-
ic precipitators, Air filters,
Concentration(Composition), Operating costs, Regula-
tions, Furnaces, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Conmbustlon products, Cost analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Design criteria, 'Copper smelters, Fabric
Biters, Wet method, Dry method.
PB-283 800/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Etfle, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Sep 77,27p WORKING PAPER-224
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Welter pollution, 'Lake Effie, Surveys, Nu-
trients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sul-
fates, Concentratlon(Composition), Mathematical
models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Fresh water
biology. Environmental impacts, Hydrology, Stream
flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Florida, 'Water
quality data, 'Eutrophicatlon, Trophic level, Organic
loadings, Polk County(Florida).
PB-283 642/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Environmental Assessment: At-Sea and Land-
Based Incineration of Organochlorlne Wastes.
Final rept.,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.
S. F. Paige, L B. Baboolal, H. J. Fisher, K. H. Scheyer,
and A. M: Shaug. Apr 78,116p EPA/600/2-78/087
Contract EPA-68-02-2660
The report provides a generalized description of at-sea
and land-based incineration of organochlorine wastes
and an assessment of their corresponding impacts.
The data base for at-sea incineration was obtained
during a series of bums, between April 1074 and
March 1977. Data describing land-based incineration
were obtained from a review of the literature, and a
brief survey of companies involved in commercial use
and manufacture of incinerators. The report includes:
(1) typical organochlorine waste compositions, (2) de-
scriptions of emissions produced during at-sea and
land-based incineration, (3) a simulation of corre-
sponding air quality changes, (4) a description of pre-
dicted paths of transport of emission constituents, (S)
estimates of water quality changes associated with
both types of incineration, (6) an assessment of the
potential for malfunction which could produce adverse
environmental effects, (7) a general discussion of the
kinds of environmental impacts associated with the in-
cineration processes, and (8) identification of areas
where there are needs for upgrading existing systems
and data gaps which limit the comprehensiveness of
the analysis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Incinerators, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Water pollution, Oceans, Air water interac-
tions, Ships, Transport properties, Monitoring, Scrub-
bers, Hydrology, 'Air quality, 'Water quality, 'Liquid
waste disposal, Path of pollutants, Vulcanus vessel.
PB-283 643/5 PC A03/MF A01
Survey of Transmlssometers Used In Conducting
Visible Emissions Training Courses. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Michael C. Osborne, and M. Rodney Midgett. Mar 78,
49p EPA/600/4-78/023
The Quality Assurance Branch (QAB) of the Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Laboratory has under-
taken the task of evaluating the transmissometers that
are currently being used in visible emissions training
programs. The criteria used in the evaluation were the
design and performance specifications for smoke
meters promulgated in the November 12,1974, Feder-
al Register. Sixteen 'smoke schools' from EPA Re-
gions 1-8 participated in the survey which was per-
formed between April 21, 1977, and August 2, 1977.
Results of the survey showed that only half of the
transmissometers which were evaluated met all of the
design and performance specifications. A lack of oper-
ator understanding and familiarity with smoke gener-
ators was a contributing factor among those units that
failed to meet the requirements. A list of recommenda-
tions are, also, included for a five-phase special study
that would attempt to improve the training program for
smoke inspectors.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Gas detectors, 'Transmis-
someters, Quality assurance, Visibility, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Surveys, Education, Specifi-
cations, Inspection, 'Air pollution detection, Proce-
dures, EPA method 9.
PB-283 646/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Catalytic
Reduction Technology. Final rept. May 77-Feb 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Mitchell D. Erickson, and Eva D. Estes. Mar 78,49p
RTI-1430-F1, EPA/600/2-78/059
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of a laboratory evaluation of a
control technique developed for the EPA for the cata-
lytic reduction of chlorinated hydrocarbons (specifical-
ly PCBs and chlorinated pesticides such as heptachlor
and endrin). The technique involves elution of polluted
water at ambient temperature and at neutral pH
through a column containing a mixture of sand and
copper iron catalyst. The evaluation found that PCBs
are not detectably reduced, but are chromatographi-
cally eluted from the column in order of increasing
chlorination. The catalyst was found to partially reduce
heptachlor and endrin. The possibility of chromatogra-
phic elution by endrin and/or heptachlor was briefly in-
vestigated using miniature columns and found to be in-
significant. The report also describes the observation
of an additional on-site demonstration of the catalytic
reduction technology, including observation of the test
procedure, gas chromatograpny with electron capture
detection, and subsequent laboratory GC/MS analysis
of transported samples. An evaluation of the reports
generated during the development of the catalytic re-
duction technique is presented. It discusses errors and
emissions in the developmental experimental protocol
which led to the erroneous conclusions that the tech-
nique was applicable to PCBs.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Catalysis, Gas chromatograpny, Heptachlor,
Reduction(Chemistry), Endrin, Water analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Water pollution,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB-283 650/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Air Pollutant Control Techniques for Electric Arc
Furnaces In the Iron and Steel Foundry Industry.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Peter D. Spawn, and Paul F. Fennelly. Jun 78,225p*
GCA-TR-77-35-G(1), EPA/450/2-78/024,, OAQPS-
1.2-099
EPA-68-01-4143
This report provides guidance for evaluating air pollut-
ant control technologies for electric arc furnaces In the
iron and steel foundry Industry. It includes estimated
emission factors, a discussion of emission characteris-
tics, and lists of references resulting from an extensive
literature search. Control technologies, including
equipment for evacuating emissions during melting, re-
fining, charging, and tapping, as well as dust collection
equipment, are presented. Emission data from several
field tests on electric arc furnaces carried out by EPA
and others are reported. Capital and annualized emis-
sion control costs for several new and retrofitted
model plants are presented. The environmental im-
pacts (estimated emissions, solid waste disposal,
energy requirements, water pollution, and noise) for
model plants are included. Several regulatory options
corresponding to different levels of emission control
costs, energy requirements, and environmental im-
pacts are presented. The document outlines enforce-
ment aspects and contains appendices with detailed
field test data on existing furnaces and cost data for
several model furnaces in iron and steel foundries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, 'Electric arc furnaces, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Dust collectors, Field tests, Capitalized
costs, Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Fuel con-
sumption, Sources, Trends, Melting, Refining, Monitor-
ing, Particles, Law enforcement, Regulations, Emis-
sion factors.
PB-283 655/9 PC A04/MF A01
Atmospheric Dispersion Parameters In Plume
Modeling. Report for Jan 77-Aug 77,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
F. Pasquill. May 78,70p EPA/600/4-78/021
A survey of the underlying foundations of the present
systems for specification of the atmospheric disper-
sion parameters for a continuous point source leads to
the conclusion that the basis for revision of the current
systems is still far from complete, but certain obvious
evidence points to desirable changes. The author's
previous recommendations on the crosswind spread
are reiterated, and a suggested revision for vertical
spread as a function of surface roughness, stability,
and for the unstable case, the convective velocity
scale and mixing depth, is offered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
'Plumes, 'Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Surveys, Boundary
layers, Point sources.
PB-283 656/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Experimental Quantitative Transport Probe and
Control Box Sampling System. Final rept,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, III.
Madhav B. Ranade. Jun 78,47p EPA/600/2-78/109
Contract EPA-68-02-2434
Three quantitative sampling transport probe and con-
trol box sampling systems were designed and fabricat-
ed. The systems are designed to permit the transport
of samples of aerosols from a source to a sensor with-
out significant modification of mass rate and size distri-
bution of the sample aerosols. Descriptions of the sys-
tems are given. An operating manual is included. Re-
sults of functional tests demonstrated that the systems
operate as designed with the exception of pumping
rates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Probes, 'Aerosols, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Particle
size distribution, Mass, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-283 657/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Partlculate Control Mobile Test Units: Third Year's
Operation. Annual rept Jun 76-Jun 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
Donald L. Zanders. Jun 78,29p MRC-DA-783, EPA/
600/7-78/098
Contract EPA-68-02-1816
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-264 067.
The report summarizes the third year's operation of
EPA-owned mobile test units. Unlike prior reports, de-
tailed field test results are not Included. Three field
units (the baghouse, wet scrubber, and electrostatic
precipitator) are designed to be used for studying the
applicability of different methods for controlling fine
paniculate emitted from a wide variety of sources. The
460 Vol.83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fourth unit (an energy van) is designed to demonstrate
the feasibility of unconventional energy supply sys-
tems to support residential and commercial buildings.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Particles, Mobile
equipment, Tests, Air filters, Scrubbers, Electrostatic
precipitators, Feasibility, Residential buildings, Com-
mercial buildings, Performance evaluation, Bagh-
ouses, Fabric filters, Wet method, Energy supplies,
Energy vans.
PB-283 660/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
An Electrostatic Preclpltator Backup for Sampling
Systems. Final rept. Oct 77-Apr 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
P. Vann Bush, and Wallace B. Smith. Jun 78,38p
EPA/600/7-78/114
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes a program carried out to design
and evaluate the performance of an electrostatic col-
lector to be used as an alternative to filters as a fine
particle collector. Potential advantages of an electro-
static precipitator are low pressure drop and high ca-
pacity. Potential problems are unreliability and poor
collection due to back-corona or lack of particle adhe-
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Electro-
static precipitators, "Fines, Particles, Air filters, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria.
PB-283 661/7 PC A02/MF A01
Standards Support Document: Promulgated
Amendments to the National Emission Standard
for Asbestos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Jun 78, 24p* EPA-450/2-77/030
The national emission standard for asbestos is being
amended. Scientific information indicates that asbes-
tos exposure can cause cancer and other adverse
health effects. The amendments will reduce asbestos
emissions by requiring that proper work practices be
followed during the renovation and demolition of build-
ings where friable asbestos materials are present and
by prohibiting the spray application of asbestos materi-
als which would be friable after drying. A brief discus-
sion of the economic and environmental impacts asso-
ciated with these amendments is included In this docu-
ment.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Asbestos, "Standards,
Public health, Spraying, Monitoring, Demolition, Ren-
ovating, Economic impacts.
PB-2B3 678/1 PC A04/MF A01
A Microcomputer-Modified Particle Size Spec-
vometer. Description and Program Listings.
Report for Sep76-Dec 77,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Charles W. Lewis. May 78,71 p EPA/600/2-78/099
A fully automated aerosol particle size spectrometer
system is described that consists of a light scattering
Particle sensor, an analog to digital converter, and a
microcomputer with associated printout device. The
system Is capable of acquiring a differential particle
•tee distribution, printing the resulting spectrum in one
Of three representations, and repeating the procedure
at preselected intervals. An example of the application
9''he system for measuring an outdoor aerosol size
owtributfon is presented. The appendices contain doc-
umented microcomputer program listings and flow
pharts for Program Sizer (the program that operates
the spectrometer system and the principal result of this
•Judy) and Program MCA (a program that converts part
01 the spectrometer system to a conventional 256-
cnannel pulse height analyzer).
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particle size distribution,
Awosols, Light scattering. Laboratory equipment, Mi-
crocomputers, Spectrometers, Computer programs,
Air pollution detection, MCA computer program.
PB-283 688-SET PC E12
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Metro Denver Sludge Management Plan.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
Feb 78, 758p-in 3v
Set includes PB-283 689 thru PB-283 691.
No abstract available.
PB-283 689/8 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Metro Denver Sludge Management Plan. Volume I.
Final environmental impact statement.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
Feb 78,372p EPA/908/5-78/001 /A
Contract EPA-68-01-3407
See also Volume 2, PB-283 690.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-283 688-
SET.
This is the final environmental Impact statement (EIS)
prepared by EPA for the Metro Denver Sludge Man-
agement Plan. The Metropolitan Denver Sewage Dis-
posal District No. 1 plan calls for development of a
pipeline and drying/storage complex some 27 miles to
the east of the Commerce City plant. Up to 107 dry
tons per day of anaerobically digested sludge would be
pumped to the drying basins. After drying and storage
of approximately a year, the dried sludge product
would be sold or distributed for a variety of uses. It is
contemplated that municipal parks, irrigated farms,
sod farms and home gardens would constitute the
principal use areas. The report describes the project,
alternatives, environmental impacts, and mitigating
measures. The most severe potential impact is expect-
ed to be on the groundwater in the vicinity of the site.
Other impacts include added water consumption, odor
problems, effects in the site area, effects in areas of
use. Recommendations are made for basin lining, con-
trol of uses, heavy metals limits, etc.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Sludge disposal, "Management planning, "Solid
waste disposal, Colorado, Substitutes, Environmental
surveys, Forecasting, Transfer properties, Sewage
treatment, "DenverfColorado), Path of pollutants,
Waste recycling, Land disposal.
PB-283 690/6 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Metro Denver Sludge Management Plan- Volume
II. Final environmental impact statement.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
Feb 78,352p EPA/908/5-78/001 /B
Contract EPA-68-01 -3407
See also Volume 1, PB-283 669 and Volume 3, PB-283
691.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-283 688-
SET.
This volume concerning the Metro Denver Sludge
Management Plan presents written responses to the
draft EIS, a discussion of the principal issues and prob-
lems with the project, and their resolution. Written re-
sponses received on the draft EIS and at the public
hearings held in conjunction with the review of the
draft EIS are presented. Specific EPA responses are
provided alongside the comments. Thirty-one principal
Issues are identified and discussed. These issues are
broken down into five areas: pipeline and central plant
issues, drying site issues, present operations, alterna-
tives and sludge use issues. Each of these are dis-
cussed In turn, with detailed Information provided
where needed. Issues are presented in a conclusive
manner; I.e., they are either judged important, unimpor-
tant, or in need of further study. Appendix A contains a
proposed list of grant conditions for successive
phases of work on the Metro Denver sludge plan,
based on the issues discussions. Appendix B contains
the proposed State of Colorado guidelines for agricul-
tural applications of sludge. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Sludge disposal, "Management planning, "Solid
waste disposal, Colorado, Substitutes, Guidelines, Ag-
ricultural engineering, Utilization, Environmental sur-
veys, Sewage treatment, *Denver(Colorado), Waste
recycling, 'Land disposal.
PB-283 691/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Metro Denver Sludge Management Plan. Final envi-
ronmental impact statement (Summary).
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
Feb 78,34p EPA/908/5-78/001 /C
Contract EPA-68-01-3407
See also Volume 1, PB-283 689.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E12, PB-283 688-
This volume summarizes the information contained in
the two volumes dealing with the Metro Denver Sludge
Management Plan. The summary describes the prob-
lems with current Metro Denver sludge handling that
led up to the current plan. A brief description of the
proposed sludge recycling project is presented. The
summary then highlights the primary impacts of the
project. A final section contains a definition of the
thirty-one Issues considered to be the most significant
about this project. These issues are discussed and re-
solved in Volume II of this EIS. The summary presents
the main conclusions regarding these issues.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sludge disposal, "Management planning, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Environmental surveys, Colora-
do, Sewage treatment, "Denver(Colorado), Waste re-
cycling, "Land disposal.
PB-283 692/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
A System for Tannery Effluent Treatment,
Lawrence (A.C.) Leather Co., Inc., Hazelwood, N.C.
Lawrence K. Barber. 17 May 78,33p
Grant EPA-S804504
Presented to The South African Society of Leather
Technologists and Chemists Convention, Held at
Durban, South Africa on May 17,1978. See also PB-
283 693.
This report covers characterization of process dis-
charge, primary treatment and clarification, dispersed
air coagulation cell verse electrocoagulation cell,
theory of the 2-step electrocoagulation process, oper-
ation of the primary section, and secondary biological
treatment-the carousel.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Tanning, "Indus-
trial waste treatment, Industrie' wastes, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Clarification, Coagulation, Oxida-
tion, "Tanning industry, Biological industrial waste
treatment.
PB-283 693/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
A System for Tannery Effluent Treatment,
Lawrence (A.C.) Leather Co., Inc., Hazelwood, N.C.
Lawrence K. Barber. 19 Jun 78,18p
Grant EPA-S-804504
Presented to The American Leather Chemists Associ-
ation Convention, Held at Lake Placid, New York on
June 19,1978. See also PB-283 692.
Some tanneries are fortunate enough to be located
geographically or otherwise so that the inevitable
impact of effluent pollution control is minimal. Others
have to go the full distance and design, construct, and
operate wastewater treatment facilities of their own, to
meet State or Federally imposed discharge require-
ments. This was required to be done at one of our A.C.
Lawrence tanneries. The authors have completed a
demonstration project for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency on this system, in which the Agency
supported the operation for a twelve month period,
and during which a significant amount of data was ac-
cumulated, representative of both summer, and winter,
operating conditions.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Tanning, "Indus-
trial waste treatment, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, "Tanning industry.
PB-283 694/8 PC A03/MF A01
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.
Joseph, Mich.
Reclamation and Reuse of Fruit Processing
Wastewater,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
December 1983 461
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. W. Thompson, and L. A. Esvelt. 30 Jun 78,41 p
ASAE/TP-78/6025
Prepared in cooperation with Esvelt Environmental En-
gineering, Spokane, Wash. Sponsored in part by
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.
Joseph, Mich. See also PB-283 695.
It is technically and economically feasible to renovate
and reuse fruit cannery wastewater as a process water
supply without adversely affecting product safety or
quality. However, the chemical, physical and bacteri-
ological quality of the renovated wastewater, along
with consistency of quality, are critical in determining
where this water can be reused within the processing
facility. The wastewater reclaimed under this study
contained no sanitary wastes. Study results indicate
that it is feasible, at the test site, to reduce wastewater
discharge and fresh water demand by over 50%.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, "Water reclamation,
'water pollution control, *Water conservation, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Fruits, Industrial wastes. Feasi-
bility, Process charting, Design criteria, Renovating,
Bacteria, Food industry, Filtration, Chlprination, 'Fruit
processing, Water quality, Biological industrial waste
treatment.
PB-283 695/5 PC A02/MF A01
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.
Joseph, Mich.
Water Reuse In Poultry Processing,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, Oreg. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Jack L. Witherow, Ahmed Hamza, and Samia Saad. 30
Jun 78,23p ASAE/TP-78/6026
See also PB-283 694. Prepared in cooperation with Al-
exandria Univ. (Egypt). Higher Inst. of Public Health.
Sponsored in part by American Society of Agricultural
Engineers, St. Joseph, Mich.
A comparison is made of the quality of process water
and product with and without water reuse in a modern
poultry processing plant in Egypt. The need for water
reclamation prior to reuse is indicated. The technical
and regulatory potential for water reuse in poultry proc-
essing in the U.S. is reviewed.
Keywords: "Water conservation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Waste water reuse, 'Water reclamation, Industri-
al waste treatment, Process charting, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Bacteria, Costs, Renovating,
Industrial wastes, Egypt, Poultry, Food industry, 'Poul-
try processing industry, Water quality, Baseline meas-
urements.
PB-283 696/3 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Monitoring Guidelines for Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
May 78, 71 p EPA/450/2-78/019, OAQPS-1.2-096
Ambient air monitoring guidelines are described for
sources that may be required to monitor the air quality
under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
regulations. Some step-by-step discussion is present-
erffor a source to determine if monitoring will be nec-
essary. Situations where existing air quality and mete-
orological data, modeling, and use of assumed back-
ground concentrations for certain areas may be used
In lieu of monitoring, are shown. If a source must un-
dertake a monitoring program, general guidance Is
given for pollutants to be monitored, number and loca-
tion of monitoring sites, equipment, frequency and du-
ration of sampling, and data reporting. More detailed
guidance is discussed for air quality monitoring probe
siting criteria for various pollutants, meteorological
monitoring, and quality assurance procedures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, Regulations,
Monitoring, Sites, Laboratory equipment,
Concentration(Composition), Quality assurance,
Probes, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Oxidizers, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Meteorological
data, Data analysis, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Prevention of Significant Deterioration Regula-
tions, 'Significant deterioration(Air pollution).
PB-283 697/1 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Emissions and Control Techniques
for Reducing Fluoride Emissions from Gypsum
Ponds In the Phosphoric Acid Industry. Task rept.
Dec 73-Jan 75,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, Fla.
A. A. Linero, and R. A. Baker. Jun 78,230p EPA/600/
2-78/124
Contract EPA-68-02-1330
The report gives results of a study of gaseous emis-
sions from gypsum disposal and cooling water ponds
to determine their potential as sources of airborne
fluorides from the manufacture of phosphoric acid. A
model of the chemistry within the pond environment
was developed. Previous emission rate studies were
evaluated with respect to assumptions, methodolo-
gies, and conclusions: none provided a sufficient basis
for determining a fluoride emission factor. The ponds,
found in major phosphate production areas (e.g., Flor-
ida, North Carolina, and the Western U.S.), usually
cover several hundred acres. Process water enters a
pond at over 100 F, and leaves at lower temperatures
after evaporative cooling. Ambient concentrations
near a typical pond were calculated by predictive mod-
eling methods, assuming emission rates of 0.1,1, and
10 Ib per acre per day. At the higher rates, control of
fluoride emissions appears necessary. An analysis of
possible control methods indicated that liming is too
expensive an alternative. The most promising method
appears to be the Swift process for fluorosilicic acid re-
covery, coupled with segregation of the cooling and
gypsum pond waters. The hemi/dihydrate process
also appears to be promising.
Keywords: 'Phosphoric acids, 'Manufacturing, 'Air
pollution, 'Fluorides, Management planning, Ponds,
Phosphate deposits, Sulfuric acid, Calcium sulfates,
Solid waste disposal, Cooling, Calcium oxides, Proc-
ess charting, Economic analyses, Land use, Process
charting, Mathematical analysis, Chemical reactions,
Fluorine, Phosphate industry, Air pollution control,
Land disposal, Hydrogen/hexafluorosilicate, Silicate/
hexafluoro.
PB-283 699/7 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Coal-Fired Residential Com-
bustion Equipment Field Tests, June 1977. Task
Rept. Sep 75-May 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
D. G. DeAngelis, and R. B. Reznik. Jun 78,97p MRC-
DA-786, EPA/600/2-78/0040
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-281 423.
The report gives results of a study to quantify criteria
pollutants and characterize atmospheric emissions
from coal-fired residential heating equipment. Flue gas
was sampled from a warm air furnace and a hot water
boiler which burned three western coals. Tests were
conducted with the stokers operating on a 20-minute
ON/40-minute OFF cycle, corresponding to high- and
low-fire conditions in the fuel bed. Variations In coal
composition and type of heating equipment both influ-
enced emission rates, and the OFF portion of the heat-
ing cycle contributed significantly to total emissions.
The report gives a number of correlations between
emission rates and test parameters. Combustion effi-
ciencies for coal-fired residential heating equipment
were lower than for larger coal-fired systems (e.g., util-
ity boilers), as evidenced by the higher emission levels
for CO and organic species, including POMs. In con-
trast to previous estimates, paniculate emissions were
not a function of the coal ash content, but did correlate
with the coal free swelling index and volatile content.
The paniculate composition was primarily carbon, indi-
cating that the particles were not formed from coal ash
but from carbonaceous material volatilized during
combustion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Heating equipment, 'Resid-
ual buildings, 'Gas analysis, Coal, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monox-
ide, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Particles, Organic com-
pounds, Gas detectors, Chemical analysis, Flue gas,
Hot water heating, Boilers, Air furnaces, Warm air
heating, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-283 716/9 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Assessment of Technology for Control of Toxic
Effluents from the Electric Utility Industry. Final
task rept. Apr 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
J. D. Colley, C. A. Muela, M. L. Owen, N. P. Meserole,
and J. B. Riggs. Jun 78,164p* EPA/600/7-78/090
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report assesses the applicability of control tech-
nologies for reducing priority pollutants in effluents
from the steam-electric power generating industry. It
surveys control technologies, identifying those that
have demonstrated some control effectiveness for pri-
ority pollutants. From the preliminary survey, the con-
trol technologies most applicable to the utility industry
were identified. The selected con'rol technologies
were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in re-
ducing priority pollutants in utility streams and their as-
sociated costs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Assessments, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Process charting, Sources, Acti-
vated carbon, Adsorption, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Reverse osmosis, Filters, Distillation, Solid waste dis-
posal, Ponds, Evaporation, Design criteria, Cost analy-
sis, Membranes, New source performance standards.
PB-283 733/4 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Energy and Environment: An Intergovernmental
Perspective. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. of Govern-
ment and Public Affairs.
Boyd R. Keenan. Jan 78,155p
Contract DOE-EE-77-C-02-4310, Grant EPA-R-
805615-01
Papers presented at the Ohio River Valley Assembly
held at Hueston Woods State Park, College Corner,
Ohio on October 10-12,1977.
This report contains the background papers written for
the Ohio River Valley meeting and the text of oral pres-
entations, each focusing on different aspects of the in-
tergovernmental character of regional energy and en-
vironmental problems. Topics discussed include: The
Ohio River Valley at the center of the American Energy
Dilemma; Intergovernmental energy and environmen-
tal challenges in the Ohio River valley-the view from
Washington; Intergovernmental energy and environ-
mental challenges in the Ohio River Valley-the view
from the states; Regionalism in the Ohio River Valley-
The river basin planning perspective; Challenges of in-
tergovernmental cooperation in waterway manage-
ment in the Ohio River Valley; Intergovernmental co-
operation in waterway management in the Ohio River
Valley; Intergovernmental cooperation in 'up-valley'
pollution transport management; A region's energy
and environmental future-organizational options.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Meetings, National government,
State government, Energy policy, Environments, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Energy source development, Regional
planning, Cooperation, Coordination, West Virginia,
Coal, Ohio River Valley Region(lllinois), Ohio River
Valley Region(lndiana), Ohio River Valley
Region(Kentucky), Ohio River Valley Region(Ohio),
Ohio River Valley Regipn(Pennsylvania), Ohio River
Valley RegionfWest Virginia).
PB-283 792/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Ohio. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial
Wastewaters Using Insoluble Starch Xanthate.
Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 76,
Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, III. Northern Re-
gional Research Center.
Robert E. Wing, Leo L. Navickis, Brian K. Jasberg, and
Warren E. Rayford. May 78,119p EPA/600/2-78/085
The Northern Regional Research Center developed
an effective process to remove heavy metals from
wastewaters of two nonferrous metal Industries and in-
soluble starch xanthate (ISX). The study Included
bench-scale evaluation of wastewaters from two lead
battery and one brass mill waste. The evaluation In-
cluded: (1) Determination of the metals and concentra-
tions In the raw and treated wastewaters; (2) treatment
with ISX alone and in combination with selected co-
agulant aids; (3) recovery of heavy metals from ISX
sludge; and (4) determination of the potential reuse of
462 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the treated effluent. Several other effective and eco-
nomical treatment processes were also developed for
specific waste streams from printed circuit manufactur-
ers. Based on the evaluation of results in this study,
recommendations were made as to the desirability of
constructing a prototype plant for actual on-site testing
in selected industries. This report contains an exten-
sive bibliography of references dealing with these in-
dustries.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal industry,
'Industrial waste treatment, Coagulants, Sludge,
Concentration(Composition), Electric batteries,
Lead(Metal), Brasses, Printed circuits, Metal finishing,
Xanthates, Metals, 'Heavy metals, 'Starch xanthates,
Sludge treatment, Waste recycling, Metal recycling.
PB-283 801/9 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Short Test Correlation Analyses on 300, 1975
Model Year Cars. Volume II. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
M. G. Hinton, and John C. Thacker. Aug 77,375p ATR-
77(7623-01 )-1, EPA/460/3-78/010B
Contract EPA-68-03-2482
See also Volume 1, PB-274 559.
A series of statistical analyses was performed to deter-
mine the degree of 'correlation' that exists between
two specific short tests (STs) and the Federal Emis-
sion Certification Test Procedure (FTP) for new vehi-
cles. This work was performed to determine if 'reason-
able correlation with certification test procedures'
exists; this is a condition precedent to the promulga-
tion of regulations that impose the in-use warranty pro-
visions of Sec. 207(b) of the Clean Air Act of 1970
upon the motor vehicle manufacturers. The basis for
the analyses was ST and FTP test data from (a) three
100-vehfcle 1975 model year fleets located in (1) Chi-
cago, Illinois, (2) Houston, Texas, and (3) Phoenix, Ari-
zona, (b) a 117-vehicle 1975 model year fleet located
in Denver, Colorado, (c) a 147-vehicle 1974 model
year fleet located in the greater Detroit, Michigan area,
and (d) a 40-vehicle catalyst-equipped '1975-proto-
jype' experimental fleet that had been operated in Cali-
fornia in Ford vehicle test programs. Each of the vehi-
cles in these fleets was testedby the FTP, the Federal
Short Cycle, and the Federal 3-Mode. Two different
statistical analysis methods were used to assess 'cor-
felation'--a conventional correlation analysis, and a
contingency table analysis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Automobiles, Correlation techniques, Tests, Califor-
nia, Illinois, Texas, Colorado, Arizona, Michigan, Com-
parison, Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, fables(Data), *Air
pollution sampling, Chicago(lllinois). Houston(Texas
£hoenix(Arizona), Denver(Colorado
Detroit(Mlchigan), Catalytic reactors(Exhaust system
£8.283 816/7 PC A02/MF A01
winter Temperature Requirements for Maturation
•na Spawning of Yellow Perch 'Perca llavasosns'
(Mrtchlll). Journal article,
environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
»• R. Jones, K. E. F. Hokanson, and J. H. McCormick.
'877,5pEPA/600/J-77/126
rub. In Proceed, of World Conference, Towards a Plan
°[ Actions for Mankind, v3 Biological Balance and
'normal Modifications, P189-1921977.
Groups of sexually mature yellow perch were held
?unng the winter at constant temperatures of 4 and 6C
«» 123,143,164,185, and 213 days, and of 6 and 1C
J°r 157, 201, and 241 days. The winter temperatures
ware raised to 20C at a rate of 2C per week at the end
w each duration. The greatest reproductive success
"fcurred in the group exposed to 4C for 185 days at a
median spawning temperature of 12C. High spawning
""JPeratures were associated with shorter durations
r"0 lower reproductive success. Reproductive sue-
r68* was lower at maturation temperatures above 4C
•"» at durations departing from 185 days.
Keywords: 'Perch, "Temperature, Survival,
uction(Blology), Winter, Maturation, Seasonal
ns, 'Perca flavescens, Spawning.
PB-283 819/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Investigation of Saturated Laser Fluorescence
and CARS Spectroscoplc Techniques for Com-
bustion Diagnostics. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
Conn.
A. C. Eckbreth, P. A. Bonczyk, and J. A. Shirley. Jun
78,156p EPA/600/7-78/104
Contract EPA-68-02-2176
The report gives results of comparisons of saturated
laser-excited molecular fluorescence measurements
of CH and CN in atmospheric pressure acetylene
flames with absorption measurements of these flame
radicals. It was found possible to saturate the fluores-
cence intensity of both radicals with readily achieved
levels of laser spectral intensity (100,000 to 1 million
wans per square centimeter-reciprocal centimeter).
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)
thermometry investigations were conducted on flame
nitrogen in a variety of flames, including highly sooting
propane diffusion flames. CARS species sensitivity
was addressed in a study of CO detectability.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Flames, Comparison, Com-
bustion products, Acetylene, Cyanides, Free radicals,
Absorption spectrum, Raman Spectroscopy, Furnaces,
Chemical analysis, Fluorescence, Carbon monoxide,
Laboratory equipment, Air pollution, 'Laser induced
fluorescence, 'Coherent anti-stokes raman Spectros-
copy, Methane radical, In plant processes.
PB-283 889/4 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Office of Energy Activities.
Field Testing and Adaptation of a Methodology to
Measure 'In-Stream' values In the Tongue River,
Northern Great Plain* (NQP) Region,
Montana Univ., Missoula. Dept of Geology.
Ken Bovee, James Gore, and Arnold Silverman. Apr
78,465p EPA/908/4-78/004/A
Contract EPA-68-01 -2653
A comprehensive, multi-component in-stream flow
methodology was developed and field tested in the
Tongue River in southeastern Montana. The method-
ology incorporates a sensitivity for the flow require-
ments of a wide variety of In-stream uses, and the flexi-
bility to accommodate seasonal and subseasonal
changes in the flow requirements for different uses. In-
stream flow requirements were determined by additive
independent methodologies developed for: (1) Fisher-
ies; including spawning; rearing and food production;
(2) sediment transport; (3) mitigation of adverse im-
pacts of ice; and (4) evapotranspiration losses. Con-
sideration of a single in-stream flow requirement is in-
adequate since flow requirements for each use varied
throughout the year. The methodology can be an ef-
fective water management tool.
Keywords: 'Stream flow, 'Tongue River, Sediment
transport, Evapotranspiration, Benthos, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Management, Fishes, Reproduction(Blology),
Vegetation, Ice, Seasonal variations, Life cycles, Ero-
sion, Water quality, Invertebrates, Ecology, Montana,
•Water management(Applied), Scour, Riffles.
PB-283 890/2 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Assessment of an Active OH Field
In the Northwestern Qulf of Mexico, 1976-1977.
Annual rept.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, Tex.
Qatveston Lab.
William B. Jackson. Dec 77,756p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
The objectives of the study are: (a) to describe, for an
active oil and gas producing field and an unaltered
area, the existing ecosystems and the variability in
their major components In time and space; and (b) to
compare the concentrations of pollutants in the sedi-
ments, water and biota in an active field with those In
an unaltered area and identify those changes associat-
ed with oil and gas exploration and production. Topic
areas covered include: Sedimentology, geochemistry
and trace metals; Distribution and abundance of ma-
crobenthlc and meiobenthic organisms; Demersal
fishes and macro-crustaceans; Recreational fisheries
and the distribution of predatory pelagic fishes; Ichth-
yoplankton; Effects of offshore oil field structures and
their biotic environment-benthos and plankton; The
effect of structures on migratory and local marine
cent waters; Hydrocarbon levels and pathways in In
major components of a marine ecosystem; total or-
ganic carbon and carbon isotopes of sediments.
Keywords: 'Mexico Gulf, 'Oil fields, 'Environmental
surveys, Environments, Ecology, Sedimentology,
Trace elements, Geochemistry, Fishes, Birds, Environ-
mental impacts, Water pollution, Exploration, Exploita-
tion, Energy source development, Continental shelves,
Data acquisition, Tables(Data), Buccaneer oil field.
PB-283 931/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Analysis of Production Cars' Fuel Economy,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
Ronald F. Janz. Oct 76,37p ATR-77(7358-03)-1, EPA/
460/3-76/027
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
Harmonic mean fuel economies, in miles per gallon,
were computed for nine carline classes which were
common to the California Title 13 Data Base and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Certifica-
tion Test Data Base for 1975 and 1976 model years.
The parameters used to define a carline class were:
model year, inertia weight, cubic inch displacement,
number of carburetor barrels, and transmission type.
Keywords: 'Fuel economy, 'Automobiles, Perform-
ance tests, Comparison, California Title 13 Data Base,
EPA Certification Test Data Base.
PB-283 941/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Preliminary Design and Initial Taatlng of a Mobil*
Electrostatic Preclpltator. Final rept. Nov 74-Jan
78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Grady B. Nichols. Jun 78,42p EPA/600/7-78/096
Contract EPA-68-02-1860
The report summarizes work done to provide the gen-
eral design and assistance in evaluating a mobile elec-
trostatic precipitator (ESP) built for the EPA by the
Naval Surface Weapons Center, Dahlgren, Virginia.
The mobile test facility was designed to aid IERL-RTP
in evaluating ESPs In a variety of industrial applica-
tions. The test facility design Included both a pilot
scale ESP and a laboratory van. The two units com-
prise a self sufficient facility, except for external
sources of electricity and water.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static prectpitatore, Design criteria, Mobile equipment,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Particles.
PB-283 946/2 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Analysis of QM Fuel Economy Surveys. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
Ronald F. Janz. Oct 76,302p ATR-77(7358-02)-1,
EPA/460/3-76/029
Contract EPA-68-01-0417
Data obtained by General Motors Corporation in three
fuel economy surveys of 1975 GM private passenger
car owners are analyzed to determine seasonal, topo-
graphical, and geographical effects on the fuel econo-
my of in-use vehicles. Data from the GM survey for
1532 cars formed the basis for this study. Additional
seasonal, topographical, and geographical data asso-
ciated with the locations of the owners were acquired
from the literature and added to the GM data base.
Carline classes are defined that contain cars with the
following parameters In common: GM Division, Inertia
Weight, CID-BBL, Transmission Type, and Axle Ratio.
Within each carline class, harmonic mean fuel eco-
nomics are computed for groups of cars with extreme
ranges In each of eight seasonal, topographical, and
geographical parameters. The dependence of fuel
economy on these parameters is determined by com-
paring fuel economics between groups. Sales weight-
ed harmonic mean fuel economies are computed for
December 1983 463
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analogous groups at the division and fleet level. (Por-
tions ol this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Fuel consumption, 'Surveys, Auto-
mobiles, Seasons, Topography, Geography, Data
analysis, Data acquisition, Comparison, Tables(Data),
'General Motors Corporation.
PB-283 953/8 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Analysis of Timing and Carburetlon Calibrations.
Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
L. Forrest, J. M. Clifford, and W. M. Smalley. Get 76,
230p ATR-77(7358-01)-1, EPA/460/3-76/028
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
This was a two-part study effort. In the first part, an
evaluation was made of vehicle simulation computer
programs to determine and select the best program for
EPA use in conducting various analyses of automobile
luel economy and emissions effects. The programs
considered were (1) a DOT simulation routine called
VEHSIM, (2) a program developed by tha University of
Wisconsin, and (3) a program developed by The Aero-
space Corporation, the DOT VEHSIM program was
picked primarily because it provides exceptional flexi-
bility and ease of operation, and because it appeared
to be readily adaptable to modifications required (or
the analysis of timing and carburetion calibrations in
part two of this study. The latter effort entailed the de-
termination and calculation of factors representing the
fuel economy influence of ignition timing and carbure-
tor calibration differences in certification test vehicles.
Using the VEHSIM program with auxiliary programs
VSIMI and VSIMII, specific calculations were made for
distributor and carburetor calibration curves represent-
ing equipment in 1976 model year cars. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Carbure-
tors, 'Ignition time, 'Calibration, Fuel consumption, Air
pollution, Air flow, Reaction time, Fortran, Computer
programs, Computerized simulation, VEHSIM comput-
er program, Fortran 4 programming language, 'Air fuel
PB-283 959/5 PC A99/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards, April-September FY 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Jun 78,753p* EPA/GAD/1-78/02
See also report dated Feb 78, PB-278 942.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of April - September, Fiscal Year
1977, for research, demonstration, training, and fellow-
ship programs. A brief project description for most of
the research and demonstration grants administered
by Headquarters is contained in Section Two, ar-
ranged in ascending order of the Grant Identification
Number. A Grant Number Index is included to assist
crossreferencing into Section One material.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, 'Air pollution control,
•Grants, States(United States), Research projects,
Education, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous materials,
Radioactive wastes, Water supply, Pesticides.
PB-283 973/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluations of Novel Partlculate Control Devices.
Final rept. Jun 74-Jan 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Joseph D. McCain. Jun 78,97p SORI-EAS-78-347-
3344F, EPA/600/7-78/093
Contract EPA-68-02-1480
The report gives results of fractional and overall mass
efficiency tests of four novel paniculate control de-
vices. Three were wet scrubbers: an Aronetlcs (Che-
mico) Two-Phase Jet Scrubber, an Entoleter Centri-
field Scrubber, and a CEA Variable-Throat Venturi
Scrubber. The fourth was a Rexnord Gravel-Bed Filter.
The devices were used for controlling emissions from
a submerged-arc ferroalloy furnace, an asphalt batch-
ing plant, a pulverized-coal-fired utility boiler, and a
Portland cement clinker cooler, respectively. Total flue
gas participate mass concentrations and emission
rates were determined at device inlets and outlets by
conventional techniques. Inlet and outlet emission
rates as functions of particle size were determined on
a mass basis using cascade impactors for sizes from
about 0.5 to 5 micrometers, and on a number basis for
sizes smaller than 1 micrometer using optical and dif-
fusional and/or electrical mobility methods. The report
includes brief descriptions of the control devices and
the process on which each was utilized, the measure-
ment methods, inlet and outlet size distributions, and
overall and fractional efficiencies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Performance evaluation, Particle size distribution,
Scrubbers, Filters, Concentration(Composition), Fur-
naces, Asphalt plants, Portland cements, Boilers, Flue
gases, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Fines, Coal fired power plants, 'Aronetics
scrubbers, 'Centrifield scrubbers, 'Gravel bed filters,
•Venturi scrubbers.
PB-284 013/0 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Effects of the Disposal of Coal Waste and Ashes
In Open Pits. Final rept.,
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-Pit
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland).
Jacek Libicki. Apr 78,299p EPA/600/7-78/067
Grant EPA-02-532-10
The objective of this study was to determine the extent
of groundwater quality deterioration when coal mine
solid waste (refuse) and power plant ashes were dis-
posed of into open pits. In addition, disposal methods
were developed and procedures for planning and de-
signing disposal sites were formulated. Pilot studies
were conducted at two experimental disposal sites, at
which the groundwater was monitored. As backup to
these tests, laboratory studies of the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the waste, and its leachate were con-
ducted. Based upon the results of these studies, a full
scale demonstration was conducted. From this work,
the physical-chemical character of the waste material
and its susceptibility to leaching of particular ions in a
water environment were determined, as was the influ-
ence of precipitation on the migration of pollutants
(TDS, Cl, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, PO4, CN, phenols,
Cd, Sr, Cu, Mo, and B) to the aquifer. The level of pollu-
tion of groundwater in the vicinity of disposal sites and
its dependence on local hydrogeolpgical conditions,
and particularly on hydraulic gradients was ascer-
tained. Recommendations for improved waste storage
technology in order to limit the effect on groundwater
to a minimum and guidelines for designing a monitor-
ing system are presented. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution,
'Fly ash, Open pit mining, Land reclamation, Ground
water, Electric power plants, Leaching, Physical prop-
erties, Water analysis, Contaminants, Monitoring, Hy-
drpgeology, Chemical composition, Poland, Coal
mining, 'Mine wastes, 'Coal mine spoil, Water pollu-
tion sampling, Land disposal, Path of pollutants.
PB-284 025/4 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Computer Modeling of Simulated Photochemical
Smog.
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
D. G. Hendry, A. C. Baldwin, J. R. Barker, D. M.
Golden, and Marcla C. Dodge. Jun 78,304p EPA/600/
3-78/059
Contract EPA-68-02-2427
The photochemical smog chemistries of ethene, pro-
pene, butene-1, trans-butene-2, n-butane, 2,3-dimeth-
ylbutane, and toluene NOx systems have been devel-
oped and tested with smog chamber data collected at
the University of California, Riverside. The mecha-
nisms are composed of critically evaluated kinetic data
for the individual reactions to the extent possible.
Where data on specific reactions were not available or
were not at the appropriate temperature and pres-
sures, thermochemical techniques were used to esti-
mate or extrapolate existing data to obtain the desired
rate data. Whenever thermochemical data were esti-
mated to predict rate constants, error bounds were as-
signed to the estimates and the resulting rate con-
stants. In only a relatively few cases was it necessary
to vary the estimated rate constants within the error
limits in order to optimize the agreement between
computed and experimental concentration-time pro-
files. Given the kinetic information currently available
this general approach minimizes the need for adjust-
ment of rate constants and produces mechanisms that
are valid representations of the homogeneous gas-
phase chemistry of each of these hydrocarbons in
photochemical smog formation.
Keywords: "Smog, "Mathematical models, *Air pollu-
tion, Ethene, Propene, Butene, Butane, Toluene, Nitro-
gen oxides, Test chambers, Inorganic compounds,
Graphs, Reaction kinetics, Organic compounds,
'Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric chem-
istry, Butane/dimethyl.
PB-284 027/0 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Sampling and Analysis Research Program at the
Paraho Shale Oil Demonstration Plant. Final rept.
Jan 76-Jul 77,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, Calif.
J. E. Cotter, C. H. Prien, J. J. Schmidt-Collerus, D. J.
Powell, and R. Sung. Apr 78,83p EPA/600/7-78/065
Contract EPA-68-02-1881
Prepared in cooperation with Denver Research Inst.,
Colo.
A sampling and analysis research program was con-
ducted at the Paraho oil shale retorting demonstration
site at Anvil Points, Colorado. The overall objective of
the test program was to obtain preliminary quantitative
and qualitative measurements of air, water, and solid
compositions, and to gain experience that would lead
to improved sampling procedures and the determina-
tion of priorities for sampling and analysis of shale oil
recovery operations. Selection of sample locations
was based on need for information on process
streams relative to emissions and effluents expected
in a full-scale plant. Samples taken included the recy-
cle gases (H2S, S02, NOx, NH3, and trace organics),
recycle condensate, product oil/water, processed
shale discharged from the retorts, and dust in the vicin-
ity of crushing, screening, and conveying equipment. A
variety of laboratory analysis methods were used, in-
cluding wet chemical analysis, spark source mass
spectrometry, high pressure liquid chromatography,
thin layer chromatography, gel permeation chromatog-
raphy, and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry
methods (GC/MS). Condensate water inorganic analy-
ses were done for calcium, magnesium, sodium and
potassium salts, ammonia, gross parameters, and
trace elements. Condensate and product water sam-
ples were also analyzed for organic neutrals (particu-
larly aromatics), organic acids, and organic bases. Ele-
mental determinations of both retorted shale and raw
shale particulates were made.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Oil shale, 'Shale
oil, 'Retorting, Chemical analysis, Crushing, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Sampling, Organic compounds, Trace ele-
ments, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sul-
fide, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Mass
spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Process charting,
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Particles,
Inorganic salts, Pilot plants, Dust, Ammonia, Gel per-
meation chromatography, Liquid chromatography,
Anvil Points(Colorado), Air pollution sampling.
PB-284 029/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Crushed Stone. Final rept.
Mar 75-Feb 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. R. Blackwood, P. K. Chalekode, and R. A. Wachter.
May 78,94p' MRC-DA-536, EPA/600/2-78/004L
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-281 423.
This report describes a study of air emissions from
crushed stone production. The potential environmen-
tal effect of the source is evaluated. Crushed stone
production in 1972 was 1.07 x 10 to the 8th power
metric tons (1.18 x 10 to the 8th power tons), 68% of
which was traprock. Contingency forecasts of in-
creased crushed stone demand In the year 2000 range
from 300% to 490% of 1968 levels. Atmospheric emis-
sions of respirable particulates (< 7 micrometers)
464 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
occur in the two areas of operation: mining from the
open quarry, and processing at the crushing and
screening plant. The emission factor for respirable par-
ticulates from the entire facility is 3.25 g/metric ton
(0.007 Ib/ton) + or - 2.54 g/metric ton (0.005 Ib/ton)
at the 95% confidence level. Free silica comprises
1.6% of these participates by weight. The primary
crusher and quarrying unit operations account for
73.5% of the respirable particulates. The emission
factor for total particulates is 28.4 g/metric ton (0.57
Ib/ton) + or - 24.5 g/metric ton (0.049 lb/ton)at the
95% confidence limit. In order to evaluate the potential
environmental effect of crushed stone plants, a sever-
ity factor was defined as the ratio of the maximum
ground level concentration of an emission to the ambi-
ent air quality standard for criteria pollutants and to a
modified threshold limit value for other pollutants. No
emerging technology of specific importance to air pol-
lution control in the crushed stone industry was found
in this study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Crushed stone, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Sources, Mining, Forecasting,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Trends,
Technology, Sampling, Particles, Silicon dioxide,
'Emission factors.
PB-284 030/4 PC A10/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, D.C.
A Study of System Requirements tor Implement-
ing a Chemical Substances Information Network.
Final rept,
Sigma Data Computing Corp., Rockville, Md.
Oct77,211pCS-101
Contract EQ4AC003
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-274 638. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. and National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Md.
The report contains a discussion of system require-
ments for the Chemical Data Bases Directory and the
Chemical Structure/Nomenclature System, identifica-
tion of current computer security techniques for pro-
tecting confidential data, and discussion of how the re-
quirements of EPA's Office of Toxic Substances could
be met by and Integrated with the proposed Chemical
Substances Information Network.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Information sys-
tems, 'Environmental surveys, Systems analysis, Data
bases, Molecular structure, Specifications, Software,
Hardware, Confidentiality, Cost analysis. Substitutes,
Manpower, Security, National government, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental Protection Agency, Nomen-
clature, Computer privacy.
PB-284 031/2 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
An Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on Ex-
haust Emissions of 1975-1976 Model Year In-Us*
Automobiles,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
Jeffrey C. Bernard, and Jane F. Pratt. Dec 77,430p
EPA/460/3-77/021
Contract EPA-68-03-2386
This report describes the results of an automobile ex-
naust emission testing program conducted by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of the
Program was to go beyond EPA's basic surveillance
testing to determine the reasons for the difference In
emission levels between vehicles on the road and their
pre-production counterparts in certification. A total of
300 vehicles were subjected to a series of tests before
and after various stages of tune-up. The vehicles were
tow-mileage 1975 and 1976 models of the three major
domestic manufacturers and were obtained from pri-
vate owners. The testing was performed In three cities
gy independent laboratories under contractor to EPA.
significant findings include the confirmation of the rela-
wely poor emission performance of newer vehicles,
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report is the first in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages for maintenance.
The volume evaluates the magnitude of pollutants
emitted during AOCs. Compared to normal controlled
emission rates from the processes, the increases due
to AOCs are estimated to be significant. The volume
describes the methodology used to gather data for the
study and sources of information. Numerous pollution
control agencies and manufacturing plants were vis-
ited. Though most jurisdictions have regulations requir-
ing reporting of spills, malfunctions, etc., there is a
vide variation In the procedures and records kept.
Without systematic recordkeeping, It is difficult to de-
termine the causes of problems and identify corrective
action.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel Indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, Technology, Abnormali-
ties, Forecasting, Industrial engineering, Sintering,
Blast furnaces, Electric arc furnaces, Openhearth fur-
naces, Concentratlon(Compositlon), 'Abnormal oper-
ating conditions, Basic oxygen process.
PB-284 060/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pollution Effect* of Abnormal Operation* In Iron
and Stetl Making. Volume II. Sintering, Manual of
Practice. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
B. H. Carpenter, D. W. VanOsdell, D. W. Coy, and R.
Jablin. Jun 78,97p EPA/600/2-78/118B
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also Volume 1, PB-284 049, and Volume 3, PB-
284 051.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E13, PB-284 048-
The report is one in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages tor maintenance.
The purpose of this volume, which covers the sintering
process, is to alert those who deal with environmental
problems on a day-to-day basis to the potential prob-
lems caused by AOCs, to assist in determining the
extent of the problems in a specific plant, and to help
evaluate efforts to reduce or eliminate the problems.
The report enumerates as many AOCs as possible,
with emphasis on those which have the most severe
environmental impact. Descriptions include flow dia-
grams, material balances, operating procedures, and
conditions representing typical process configurations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, 'Sintering, 'Manuals, Ab-
normalities, Process charting, Design criteria, Sources,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Air pollution
control equipment, Performance evaluation, 'Abnor-
mal operating conditions.
PB-284 051/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pollution Effect* of Abnormal Operation* In Iron
and Steel Making. Volume III. Blast Furnace Iron-
making, Manual of Practice. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
R. Jablin, D. W. Coy, B. H. Carpenter, andO. W.
VanOsdell. Jun 78,102p EPA/600/2-78/118C
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also Volume 2, PB-284 050, and Volume 4, PB-
284 052.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E13, PB-284 048-
SET.
The report is one in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages for maintenance.
The purpose of this volume, which covers the blast fur-
nace ironmaking process, is to alert those who deal
with environmental problems on a day-to-day basis to
the potential problems caused by AOCs, to assist in
determining the extent of the problems in a specific
plant, and to help evaluate efforts to reduce or elimi-
nate the problems. The report enumerates as many
AOCs as possible, with emphasis on those which have
the most severe environmental impact. Descriptions
Include flow diagrams, material balances, operating
procedures, and conditions representing typical proc-
ess configurations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel Indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, 'Blast furnaces, 'Man-
uals, Abnormalities, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Process charting, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Abnormal operating conditions.
PB-284 052/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pollution Effect* of Abnormal Operation* In Iron
and Steel Making. Volume IV. Open Hearth Fur-
nace, Manual of Practice. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
D. W. VanOsdelT, D. W. Coy, B. H. Carpenter, and R.
Jablin. Jun 78,66p EPA/600/2-78/118D
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also Volume 3, PB-284 051, and Volume 5, PB-
284 053.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E13, PB-284 048-
SET.
The report is one in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages for maintenance.
The purpose of this volume, which covers the open
hearth process, is to alert those who deal with environ-
mental problems on a day-to-day basis to the potential
problems caused by AOCs, to assist in determining the
extent of the problems in a specific plant, and to help
evaluate efforts to reduce or eliminate the problems.
The report enumerates as many AOCs as possible,
with emphasis on those which have the most severe
environmental impact. Descriptions include flow dia-
grams, material balances, operating procedures, and
conditions representing typical process configurations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, 'Openhearth furnaces,
'Manuals, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Process
charting, Abnormalities, 'Abnormal operating condi-
tion.
PB-284 053/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pollution Effect* of Abnormal Operation* In Iron
and Steel Making. Volume V. Electric Arc Furnace,
Manual of Practice. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
D. W. VanOsdell, B. H. Carpenter, D. W. Coy, and R.
Jablin. Jun 78,44p EPA/600/2-78/118E
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also Volume 4, PB-284 052, and Volume 6, PB-
284 054.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E13, PB-284 048-
SET.
The report is one in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages for maintenance.
The purpose of this volume, which covers the electric
arc process, is to alert those who deal with environ-
mental problems on a day-to-day basis to the potential
problems caused by AOCs, to assist In determining the
extent of the problems In a specific plant, and to help
evaluate efforts to reduce or eliminate the problems.
The report enumerates as many AOCs as possible,
with emphasis on those which have the most severe
environmental impact. Descriptions Include flow dia-
grams, material balances, operating procedures, and
conditions representing typical process configurations.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel Indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, 'Manuals, 'Electric arc
furnaces, Industrial wastes, Combustion product*,
Process charting, Abnormalities, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Abnormal operating conditions.
PB-284 054/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Pollution Effect* of Abnormal Operation* In Iron
and Steel Making. Volume VI. Basic Oxygen Proc-
ess, Manual of Practice. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
D. W. Coy, D. W. VanOsdell, B. H. Carpenter, and R.
Jablin. Jun 78,105p EPA/600/2-78/118F
Contract EPA-68-02-2186
See also Volume 5, PB-284 053.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E13, PB-284 048-
SET.
The report is one in a six-volume series considering
abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary
section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open
hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmak-
ing) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution
standards, generally based on controlling discharges
during normal (steady-state) operation of a process
and control system, are often exceeded during upsets
in operation. Such periods of abnormal operation are
becoming recognized as contributing to excess air
emissions and water discharges. In general, an AOC
includes process and control equipment startup and
shutdown, substantial variations in operating practice
and process variables, and outages tor maintenance.
The purpose of this volume, which covers the basic
oxygen process, is to alert those who deal with envi-
ronmental problems on a day-to-day basis to the po-
tential problems caused by AOCs, to assist In deter-
mining the extent of the problems is a specific plant,
and to help evaluate efforts to reduce or eliminate the
problems. The report enumerates as many AOCs as
possible, with emphasis on those which have the most
severe environmental impact. Descriptions include
flow diagrams, material balances, operating proce-
dures, and conditions representing typical process
configurations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, 'Water pollution control, 'Manuals, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Abnormalities,
'Basic oxygen process, 'Abnormal operating condi-
tions.
466 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-284 056/9 PC A03/MF A01
Meteorological Condition* during a Sullate Epl-
•ode In Southern California. Rept. for Apr 77-Jan
78,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Gerard A. DoMarrais. May 78,44p EPA/600/4-78/022
Meteorological conditions are characterized for a pro-
longed period in which an air mass contained high con-
centrations of sulfate pollutants. The period occurred
In the Los Angeles area from February 26 to March 5,
1975. In addition, the episode occurred during the off-
season and virtually coincided with an oxidant epi-
sode. The meteorological conditions associated with
both episodes were (a) slow moving air; (b) abundant
sunshine; (c) elevated temperatures; (d) limited verti-
cal mixing at the coast and Inland vertical mixing vary-
ing from negligible at night to relatively deep in the day-
time; (e) refatively very poor visibilities due to smoke,
haze, and fog; and (f) nigh relative humidities at all
times at the coast and at night at inland locations, but
very low relative humidities In the daytime over Inland
locations. The ozone episode ended with the onset of
strong winds and rain, while the sulfate episode per-
sisted into the windy and wet period. Differences in the
spatial patterns in sulfate and oxidant concentrations
were observed and these are attributed to differences
In the relative humidities at coastal and inland loca-
tions. Identification of these meteorological conditions
provides information for air pollution investigators to
use in attempting to forecast future sulfate episodes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Sulfates, 'Meteorology, At-
mospheric motion, Ozone, Forecasting, Visibility,
Concentration(Composition), Temperature, Humidity,
Oxidizere, Los Angeles(California).
PB-284 065/0 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Thermal Regeneration of Activated Carbon,
Missouri Univ.-Columbla. Oept. of Civil Engineering.
Louis Hemphill. May 78,116p EPA/600/2-78/103
Grant EPA-S-800554
Ecologically, petrochemical wastes constitute a major
hazard since waste materials contain relatively large
amounts of non-biodegradable and toxic materials
which may be discharged continuously. A three-part
experimental study of activated carbon adsorption and
thermal regeneration has been completed. The project
Included an experimental pilot plant thermal regenera-
tion study to determine specific thermal regeneration
characteristics of selected petrochemical waste mate-
rials and a low-pressure thermal investigation. Results
of these studies showed: (1) Small polar molecular
species, or species highly soluble in water, are resist-
ant to carbon sorption. (2) Extreme acidic or basic
waste streams may require pH adjustment to promote
carbon sorption. (3) Batch Isotherm values provide
basic information relative to activated carbon-petro-
chemical waste column design. (4) Vacuum regenera-
tion of petrochemical saturated activated carbon is ef-
fective and efficient. With most sorbent-sorbate com-
binations tested, the carbon sorbent could be regener-
ated to 95% of original sorption capacity. (5) Tempera-
ture required for carbon regeneration was a function of
waste type (composition) and sorption capacity. The
[sport describes experimental methods of differential
jtarmal analysis, vacuum thermal regeneration, Iso-
therm and column derived sorption values, and quanti-
tative relationships of temperature and thermal regen-
eration response.
Keywords: "Activated carbon, 'Petrochemical indus-
£y, 'Water pollution control, Pilot plants, Adsorption,
Performance evaluation, Water reclamation, Industrial
Waste treatment, Regeneration(Engineering), 'Ther-
mal regeneration.
£>284 066/8 PC A06/MF A01
tr>vironrnental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
£9te Park, N.C.
•tudy of Removal Procewe* tor Halogenated Air
Pollutant*. Final rept. Jul 75-Dec 77,
lrr Research Inst, Chicago, III.
2- Snelson, R. Butler, and F. Jarke. Jun 78,118p EPA/
*pO/3-78/058
yrarrt EPA-R-803805-02-2
Jta fate of halocarbons released into the atmosphere
"Orn anthropogenic sources and their potential impact
011 the stratospheric ozone layer has been studied. Ex-
perimental kinetic data have been obtained for the re-
action of OH radicals with CH3CI, CH2CI2, CHCI3,
C2H5CI, C2H4CI2, CH3CCI3, .C2CI4, C2H4Br2, and
CO. Best values for the OH + halocarbon rate con-
stants have been assessed and tropospheric lifetime
calculated. The kinetics of the homogeneous gas
phase hydrolysis of the secondary anthropogenic ha-
locarbon pollutants, CCI3COCI, CCfeHCOCI,
CCIH2COCI, and COCI2 have been studied. The rate
studies show that removal by gas phase hydrolysis
would have half lives in excess of 100 years. Some pre-
liminary heterogeneous rain out studies have been
made on CCI3COCI, which though not conclusive, sug-
gest that rain out would probably be an effective sink
for its removal but that the uncertainties are such that
this mechanism requires further study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Hydrolysis, 'Rain, Stratosphere, Ozone,
Acids, Free radicals, Troposphere, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Chlorethanes,
Chloromethanes, Mathematical models, Reaction ki-
netics, Concentration(Composition), Carbon monox-
ide, Chemical reactors, Numerical solutions, 'Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Hydroxyl radical, Freons, Ethylene/
dichloro, Chloroform/methyl, Methylene/chloro, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Vinyl chloride, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB-284 073/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Effects of Interfaclal Properties on Collection of
Fine Particles by Wet Scrubbers. Final rept. Jun 75-
Dec 77,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, Calif.
G. J. Woffinden, Q. R. Markowski, and D. S. Ensor. Jun
78,75p MRI77-FR-1503, EPA/600/7-78/097
Contract EPA-68-02-2109
The report gives results of an analysis of typical wet
scrubber models to determine the effects of surface
tension on particle removal efficiency. Particle capture
(removal) is a two-step process: collision of a particle
with a spray droplet, and coalescence with the droplet.
A change in surface tension of the scrubber water can
Influence both steps. The coalescence process (after
a particle collides with a scrubber droplet) has been
described by a film-thinning model that assumes that
coalescence is controlled by the thinning rate of an air
or vapor layer trapped between an Impacting particle
and droplet. If the film thins and ruptures before the
particle rebounds, coalescence occurs. The thinning
model predicts that a reduction in droplet surface ten-
sion allows deeper particle penetration into the dro-
plet. The escaping vapor film therefore has a longer
more resistive path, resulting in longer thinning times,
thus reduced coalescence probability. When the sur-
face tension of a scrubber liquid is modified, collection
efficiency may be slightly Improved or degraded de-
pending on the spray droplet sizes and the sizes of
particles being removed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Scrubbers, 'Mathematical models, Particles, Per-
formance evaluation, Coalescing, Comparison,
Drops(Liquids), Surfaces, Interfacial tension, Wet
methods.
PB-2B4 079/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Rapid Biochemical Technique for Phytotoxlcity
ModM-ot-Actlon of Herbicide*. Part II. Final rept. 1
Jul 75-31 Jul 76,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Botany.
Hirosni Ikuma, Charles F. Yocum, and Robert J. Lowry.
Apr 78,138p EPA/540/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-1907
See also Part 1 dated Apr 78, PB-283155.
Contents:
Development of simultaneous measurements of
shoot processes;
Simultaneous measurements of respiration and ion
uptake by the root;
Development of simultaneous measurements of
root and shoot processes;
Further analysis of phytotoxlcity by means of
chlorophyll fluorescence-effects of diallate and
trifluralin;
Effects of herbicides on ultrastructure of root tip
cells and leaf cells, when given to the root of
young soybean plant;
Examination of organelles in herbicide-treated
tissues.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology,
'Plants(Botany), Mitochondria, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Carbamates, Tables(Data), Cells(Biology),
Physiological effects, Metabolism, Proteins, Nucleic
acids, Biosynthesis, Soybean plants, Tissues(Biology),
Photosynthesis, Measurement, Respiration, Chloro-
phyll, Fluorescence, Chloroplasts, Roots(Botany),
•Phytotoxlcity, Trifluralin, Carbamic acid/(dichloroallyl-
ester)-dilsopropylthlo.
PB-284 081/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Heat Emission In-
ventory. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
Ing Center.
F. E. Littman, R. W. Griscom, and E. Puronen. Jun 78,
67p EPA/600/4-78/029
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
As part of the St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS), a heat emission inventory has been assem-
bled. Heat emissions to the atmosphere originate, di-
rectly or indirectly, from the combustion of fossil fuels
(there are no nuclear plants in the St. Louis AQCR).
With the exception of a small amount of energy radiat-
ed into space as light, and the energy carried out of the
AQCR by cooling water (primarily the Mississippi
River), all of the energy released by the combustion of
fuels is sooner or later released to the atmosphere as
heat, either at the point of production (the power sta-
tions) or where it is consumed. This report deals with
heat emissions from point sources as well as area
sources. Heat emissions from point sources account
for about 11 percent in the AQCR. Point source emis-
sions are, however, in the form of concentrated
plumes, while other heat emissions are diffused. Thus,
the meteorological dispersion behavior of these
sources is likely to be quite different.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Thermal pollution, Heat
transmission, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Fossil fuels, Missouri, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes,
Inventories, Exhaust emissions, Electric power gen-
eration, Sources, Missouri, 'Point sources, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), RAPS program.
PB-284 082/5 PC A05/MF A01
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Inland
Lake Management Unit.
Inland Lake Watershed Analysis. A Planning and
Management Approach,
Michigan Unlv.-Fllnt. Dept. of Physical Geography.
William M. Marsh, Thomas E. Borton, Anne K.
Johnson, and David J. Kubany. Dec 75,95p
Prepared in cooperation with Smith, Hlnchman and
Qrylls, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. Applied Environmental
Research. Sponsored in part by Michigan Dept. of Nat-
ural Resources, Lansing. Inland Lake Management
Unit, and Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago,
III. Region V.
The quality of water in an inland lake is closely related
to environmental conditions in the watershed. As de-
velopment takes place, these conditions usually dete-
riorate causing a decline in lake water quality. Planning
and management of the watershed are essential to
maintenance of lake water quality, but this requires a
reliable information base and a methodology for water-
shed analysis. Lake area citizens can make important
contributions toward the development of an informa-
tion system on the watershed and shoreline. An analy-
sis methodology can be formulated If the watershed is
subdivided Into two types of drainage areas: sub-basin
and shoreland. The relative influence of sub-basins on
the lake can be computed on the basis of land use,
surface cover, and drainage features, and the capacity
of shorelands to accommodate development can be
defined on the basis of topography and drainage of
frontage property. Planning and management guide-
lines should be designed to minimize the influence on
the lake of the land use in sub-basins and shorelands.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Inland waterways, 'Water quality
management, Watersheds, Planning, Maintenance,
Drainage, Land development, Shores, Runoff, Terrac-
ing, Vegetation, Marshes, Topography, Michigan,
water management(Admlnlstratlve), Wetlands.
December 1983 467
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-284 091/6 PC A03/MF A01
Dlchotomous Sampler - A Practical Approach to
Aerosol Fractlonatlon and Collection. Report for
Jan 75-Jan 78,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Robert K. Stevens, and Thomas Q. Dzubay. Jun 78,
31p EPA/600/2-78/112
Procedures to size fractionate, collect, and analyze
ambient concentrations of particulate matter are de-
scribed. Emphasis is placed on the design and charac-
teristics of the single-stage dichotomous sampler. A
new inlet is described that samples aerosol independ-
ent of wind speed and direction, and a discussion of
the advantages of a new pneumatic flow control
system is included. Comparative results of the high-
volume and dichotomous sampler are presented.
Keywords: "Samplers, 'Particle size distribution, 'Aer-
osols, 'Gas analysis, Impactors, Reticles,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis, 'Air
pollution detection, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Dichoto-
mous samplers, Virtual impactors.
PB-284 095/7 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Catalytic Control of NOx Demonstration. Final
rept,
Gould, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. New Business Div.
R. Richard Stelner. Apr 77,371 p EPA/460/3-77/002
Contract EPA-68-03-2161
This report presents the results of a program that was
intended to demonstrate the emission control benefits
of catalytic reduction of NOx. The program objectives
included the outfitting of three vehicles with catalytic
systems and the accumulation of 50,000 miles of dura-
bility operation. The system selected was the Gould
dual catalyst system. This system Included a base
metal (Ni-Cr alloy) reduction catalyst, a conventional
noble metal oxidation catalyst, programmed second-
ary air injection, modified carburetion and revised
spark timing. This system was installed in three 1975
Chevrolet Novas. Pnor to the start of testing, it was dis-
covered that the base metal catalyst formulation was
susceptible to chemical attack and depletion by sulfur
impurities present in typical pump gasoline. The pro-
gram was held in abeyance while Gould attempted to
develop a sulfur resistant formulation. Gould succeed-
ed in developing a formulation with increased resist-
ance to the sulfur impurities in fuel; however, a corre-
sponding reduction in catalytic activity prevented the
achievement of the 0.4 NOx emission level. The deci-
sion was then made to terminate the contract and pre-
pare a final report which would present the work ac-
complished under the contract. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxygens,
"Exhaust emissions, Catalysts, Metals, Oxidation, Re-
duction, Fuel consumption, Motor vehicles, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems), 'Gould dual catalyst systems.
PB-284 097/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Evaporative Process for Treatment of Phosphate
Containing Effluent Final rept. 3 Jan-3 Oct 75,
Aluminum Co. of America, Alcoa Center, Pa. Alcoa
Labs.
D. G. Reininga. Jun 78,68p EPA/600/2-78/119
Grant EPA-S-803261
A unique evaporation/humidiflcation process for treat-
ing wastewater effluent has been developed at Alcoa
Laboratories. A major portion of the effluent Is recov-
ered as water of high purity suitable for recycle or
reuse, and the small volume of concentrated chemi-
cals can be either recycled or easily disposed of. The
process operates at low temperatures and near-at-
mospheric pressures. Low pressure steam generated
from waste heat is sufficient to operate it. A 75,000 U
day pilot plant was installed at Alcoa's Warrick County,
Indiana, plant to demonstrate the performance and re-
liability of the process for treatment of dilute, phos-
phate-containing effluent. The installation was placed
In service in January 1975, and operated on a non-
continuous basis until October 1975. During this time
various problems were solved and optimum operating
conditions were established. The average effluent
treatment rate was 71,200 L/day and excellent quality
water was obtained. The system operated satisfactori-
ly when effluent and steam were available. Tests at
Alcoa Laboratories showed that the product conden-
sate can be used as rinse water at the phosphate
cleaning lines in place of deionlzed water, and the con-
centrated phosphate blowdown can be recycled as
make-up to the phosphate cleaning solution.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Inorganic phos-
phates, 'Evaporation, 'Industrial waste treatment,
water conservation, Process charting, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Recirculation, Field tests,
Economic analysis, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Waste water reuse.
PB-284 098/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The Ability of Electric Utilities with FQD to Meet
Energy Demands. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
E. P. Hamilton, H. J. Williamson, J. B. Riggs, and T. J.
Anderson. Jan 78,148p RAD-78-200-187-25-05,
EPA/450/3-78/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
Impacts on FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzation) on U.S.
electric reliability and adequacy through 2000 were
evaluated. Coal-fired units on-line before 1986 and be-
tween 1985 and 2000 were considered for the nine
National Electric Reliability Council (NERC) regions.
Each region's ability to meet power demand (with rea-
sonable and typical reserves) as a power pool with and
without FGD was assessed. Different FGD module
configurations and assumed availabilities were consid-
ered. Power interchange capabilities which might be
used during FGD-induced outages were also evaluat-
ed, as were reserves. It was concluded that a revised
NSPS would have little effect on system adequacy
before 1985. By 2000, however, the NSPS would have
a significant impact on reliability and adequacy, requir-
ing large amounts of additional generation to offset the
effects of FGD. Sensitivity of these results was ana-
lyzed and mitigating measures were determined.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Fore-
casting, Performance evaluation, Regulations, Energy
reserves, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Energy demand.
PB-284 099/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Study of the Subarctic Heat Island at Fairbanks,
Alaska. Final rept. Aug 74-Apr 78,
Alaska Univ., College. Geophysical Inst.
S. A. Bowling, and C. S. Benson. Jun 78,168p EPA/
600/4-78/027
Grant EPA-80299
The heat island associated with the City of Fairbanks,
Alaska was studied as a means of isolating the effects
of self-heating modified radiative transfer from other
causes of heat islands. Minimal winter Insolation virtu-
ally eliminated the effects of variable albedo and the
dally temperature cycle; snow cover and dormant
vegetation made differences in evapotransplration un-
important, and very low wind speeds minimized the
effect of surface roughness. The observed steady-
state heat island under clear skies and low wind
speeds was around 10C, with transient values reach-
ing 14C. This high value Is probably due to the ex-
tremely steep ground inversions known to exist in Fair-
banks, as the heat Island Intensity correlated well with
the strength of the inversion between 2 and 60 meters
elevation. The winter value, applied in a simple model
of a heat island over a conducting and radiating city,
gave realistic heat Island values with wind speeds
under 1 m/sec.
Keywords: 'Weather modification, Temperature Inver-
sions, Heating, Insolation, Urban areas,
Wind(Meteorology), Steady state, Atmospheric tem-
perature, Elevation, Vegetation, Evapotransplration,
Wind velocity, Arctic regions, Air pollution, Heat trans-
fer. Surface roughness. Mixing, Eddies, Mathematical
models, Winter, Summer, Alaska, FairbanksfAlaska),
'Urban heat islands, Inadvertent weather modification.
PB-284 100/5 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Project Da Vinci II: Data Analysis and Interpreta-
tion. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
C. E. Decker, J. E. Sickles, II, W. D. Bach, F. M.
Vukovich, and J. J. B. Worth. Jun 78,244p EPA/450/
3-78/028
Contract EPA-68-02-2568
Air quality data observed aboard a manned balloon is
reported and analyzed, together with concurrent data
from the St. Louis RAMS monitoring network, and from
a mobile van which was driven beneath the track of the
balloon. The study was conducted on June 8-9, 1976,
near and downwind of St. Louis, Missouri, during a
period of atmospheric stagnation. During daylight
hours, ozone levels measured aboard the balloon and
at a ground level were similar. At night, ozone trapped
aloft oy a nocturnal inversion remains stable, whereas
ozone observed at ground level decays rapidly. Trans-
port of ozone overnight, for distances of at least 180
km, is documented. With the weak synoptic flow condi-
tions prevailing on June 8, a daytime heat island effect
is documented. Maximum ozone concentrations were
observed at a location where this complex flow field
converges.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Data analysis,
Aerial surveys, Concentratlon(Composition), Transport
properties, Atmospheric motion, Forecasting, Meteor-
ologic data, 'Air quality, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), Atmos-
pheric chemistry, RAMS(Random Access Measure-
ment System), Da Vinci 2 project.
PB-284 107/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Point and Area
Source Organic Emission Inventory,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, Mo. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
R. W. Griscom. Jun 78,58p EPA/600/4-78/028
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
mobile sources has been assembled for the St. Louis
Air Quality Control Region. The inventory covers point
and area sources for process, combustion and evapo-
rative emissions. A breakdown into five categories has
been assigned to each source type. The categories
are (1) paraffins, (2) olefins, (3) aromatics, (4) alde-
hydes, and (5) non-reactlves. The breakdown was
made part of the RAPS Emission Inventory System
which is stored on the EPA's Univac computer at Re-
search Triangle Park, N.C.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, 'In-
ventories, Exhaust gases, Combustion products,
Sources, Alkanes, Alkene hydrocarbons, Aromatic
compounds, Aldehydes, Regions, Point sources,
'Saint Louis(Missourl), Nonpoint sources, Air quality.
PB-284 111/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Lime/Limestone Scrubbing Sludge Characteriza-
tion • Shawns* Test Facility. Finafrept. Mar 75-Jun
76,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Power Research Staff.
J. L. Crowe, and S. K. Seale. Oct 77,51 p PRS-28,
EPA/600/7-77/123
The report summarizes progress on a project to deter-
mine the range of variability of the solids from scrub-
bers at the Snawnee Test Facility, and to attempt to
correlate this variability with plant operating conditions.
Slurry and solids characterization studies were con-
ducted on 84 samples from the TCA and venturi-spray
tower. The solids samples generally consisted of cal-
cium sulfite hemlhydrate (50-70%) and fly ash (20-
40%) with trace quantities of gypsum, unreacted ab-
sorbent, and quartz. The form of the sulfite crystals
was directly related to the absorbent used (lime or
limestone), but Independent of the scrubber type (TCA
or venturi-spray tower). With limestone, the sulfite
crystallized as well-formed single plates; with lime, it
appeared as spherical, closely interpenetrating aggre-
gates. The average size of the sulfite plates from the
limestone system was Inversely related to system stol-
468 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chiometry; the lime system had no such relationship.
The (ly ash in the samples consisted of solid or hollow
spheres of amorphous aluminosilicate material (some-
times containing calcium and/or iron). Slurry sedimen-
tation behaved in three basic modes: clarification,
zone settling, and compression settling. Solids mor-
phology exerted a strong influence on settling behav-
ior. For samples with large proportions of very small
plates or complex crystalline forms, settling was inhib-
ited.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, *Calcium oxides,
*Limestone, 'Adsorbents, Scrubbers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sulfltes, Settling, Sur-
faces, Thermal analysis, Data analysis, Sludges, Lime-
stone scrubbing.
PB-284 155/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
A Primer for MLAB (Mathematical Modeling Labo-
r*tory). An On-Llne Modeling Laboratory,
ADP/First Data, Inc., Washington, D.C. Federal Sys-
tems Div.
Smile Tobenfeld, C. John McCann, and Robert M.
Joung. Apr 78,120p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Management Information
and Data Systems Div.
The Mathematical Modeling Laboratory (MLAB), de-
scribed In this PRIMER, was developed as a tool for
experimentation with, and evaluation of, mathematical
Jodels or functions. It runs on a DEC SYSTEM 10 or
<0 timesharing system and Is available for public distri-
bution. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with curve fitting and dlf-
'•rentlal equations and proceed from elementary ex-
amples to the more complex. Chapter 4 Introduces a
'ew of the special commands In MLAB: the ROOT op-
erator, the SUM command and the FOR command.
1 hese are basic commands and do not depend on
anything In Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 5 contains a dis-
cussion of files and in particular a description of DO
FILES. DO FILES are the mechanism within MLAB to
Gevelop a programming language; that is, a sequence
°< executable commands which can be called in as a
Package to operate on data. Chapter 8 is essentially
comprised of detailed examples illustrating the con-
'ents of the first five chapters.
Keywords: 'Computer programming, Differential equa-
Ppns. Numerical Integration, Curve fitting,
^iatrices(Mathematics), Roots of equations, Math-
ematical modeling laboratory, MLAB programming lan-
BUage, Decsystem-10 computers, Decsystem-20 com-
Puters.
PJJ-M4 169/0 PC A09/MF A01
ustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
to. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Treatment of Wattes from the Corn
u
riK MHUng Industry. Final rept.,
r"C International, Inc., Arao, III.
, ., , .
R. Brown, and GreTchen L. Van Meer. May 78,
V8p EPA/600/2-78/ 105
Ur«ntEPA-12060-DPE
J!0,1 Plant aerated lagoon and laboratory completely
""*«d activated sludge treatment studies of corn wet
'""ing wastes showed that either process could pro-
m£LB satisfactory effluent. A full scale completely
,™
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Benzene 'Hazardous materials, Industrial
atmospheres, Estimates, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Assessments, Tables(Oata), Humans,
Exposure, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Populations, United States, Urban areas, Gasoline,
Storage, Distribution, Chemical industry, Coking, Re-
fineries, Crude oil, Manufacturing, Solvents, Toxic
substances, Environmental health, Automobile ex-
haust, Service stations.
PB-284 224/3 PC A09/MF A01
Analytical Reference Standards and Supplemental
Data for Pesticides and Other Organic Com-
pounds,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
J. F. Thompson, and R. R. Watts. May 78,194p* EPA/
600/9-78/012
See also report dated May 76, PB-253 948.
This material lists several hundred compounds of ana-
lytical reference standards of insecticides, herbicides,
algicides, nematocides, rodenticides, fungicides, and
miscellaneous organic compounds which are available
mostly in purified form in subsamples of 50-100 milli-
grams to any non-profit laboratory in the world free of
charge. Also included in the manual are miscellaneous
data pertinent to pesticidal compounds such as pre-
cautionary notes in the handling and storage of highly
toxic compounds, the preparation and storage of solu-
tions of standards, residue methodology references,
and an index of over 3,500 pesticide equivalent
names.
Keywords: * Pesticides, Organic compounds, Stand-
ards, Storage, Solutions, Toxicity, Tables(Data), Resi-
dues, Chemical analysis, Insecticides, Herbicides, Al-
gicides, Nematocides, Rodenticides, Fungicides,
Standard reference materials, Listings.
PB-284 228/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Who's Who III In the Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment R and D Program,
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Vitro
Labs. Div.
H. O. Holte. Jul 77, 30p* EPA/600/9-77/011
Contract EPA-6B-01-2934
This directory provides a means of access to informa-
tion on specific projects currently underway within the
Interagency Program. The 14 major categories cov-
ered are: Characterization, measurement, and moni-
toring, Environmental transport processes, Health ef-
fects, Ecological effects, Integrated assessment,
Energy resource extraction, Physical/chemical coal
cleaning, Flue gas cleaning, Direct combustion, Syn-
thetic fuels, Nuclear waste control, Thermal control,
Improved efficiency, and Advanced energy systems.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Directories, 'Energy
source development, Petroleum, Natural gas, Coal,
Synthetic fuels, Nuclear energy, Flue gases, Environ-
mental impacts, Ecology, Public health, Monitoring,
Professional personnel.
PB-284 247/4 PC A24/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Proceedings of the Open Forum on Management
of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater (2nd). Final
rept. 1 Jan 76-31 Oct 77,
Tulsa Univ., Okla.
Fred M. Pfeffer, and Francis S. Manning. Mar 78,564p
EPA/600/2-78-058
Grant EPA-R-804968
Sponsored in part by American Petroleum Inst, Wash-
ington, D.C. and National Petroleum Refiners Associ-
ation, Washington, D.C.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Petroleum Indus-
try, 'Meetings, Petroleum refineries, Industrial waste
treatment, Regulations, Hydrocarbons, Transport
properties, Management planning, Economics, Cost
analysis, Benefit cost analysis, Substitutes, Activated
sludge process, Sewers, Activated carbon, Filtration,
Pilot plants, Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Water quality, Waste water reuse, State of the art, Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment.
470 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-284 261/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Use of Dredgings for Landfill: Summary Technical
Report. Final rept.,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, III. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Raymond J. Krizek, and Max W. Giger. May 78,102p
EPA/600/2-78/088A
Grant EPA-R-800948
See also PB-282 780.
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of evaluating the usefulness of dredged sedi-
ments as landfill material. The study is limited to the
deposition of polluted fresh water dredgings from the
Great Lakes area, and the major effort was centered
around four disposal sites in the harbor serving
Toledo, Ohio. A comprehensive sampling and testing
program was undertaken in the field and in the labora-
tory to determine the engineering characteristics of hy-
draulically placed maintenance dredgings and the
water quality effects associated with a typical dredging
and disposal operation. Several thousand chemical
analyses were conducted to assess the pollution po-
tential of dredged materials under chemically treated
and nontreated conditions. Several series of floccula-
tion-sedimentation, sedimentation-leaching, repeated
leaching, and evaporation tests were conducted to
study the possibility of stabilizing these materials with
chemical additives and to evaluate the effects, if any,
of such chemicals on the leachates. Numerous index
property tests were performed for classificatory purpo-
sees, and several correlations among different proper-
ties and the results of the index tests were established.
An extensive field monitoring program was undertaken
to evaluate the effects of a typical dredging and dis-
posal operation on the water quality parameters of the
environs. Periodic vane shear tests were conducted in
two of the areas, and settlement plates were installed
at one site to determine the time-dependent variations
in the strength and settlement, respectively. Several in
situ permeability tests were conducted on the founda-
tion soils and the dredged materials to evaluate drain-
age conditions. Finally, a one-dimensional mathemath-
ical model was developed to assess the relative impor-
tance of gravity drainage and evapotransporation on
the desiccation and consolidation of a landfill com-
posed of maintenance dredgings.
Keywords: 'Dredge spoil, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Earth fills, Containment, Harbors, Dikes,
Waterways(Watercourses), Dredging, Water pollution,
Laboratory tests, Monitoring, Sampling, Leaching,
Water quality, Drainage, Soil mechanics, Great Lakes,
Chemical analysis, Chemical analysis, Chemical com-
position, Land disposal, Water pollution sampling.
PB-284 262/3 PC A17/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Health Implications of Sewage Treatment Facili-
ties. Final rept. Sep 74-Oct 77,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
D. E. Johnson, D. E. Camann, J. W. Register, R. J.
Prevost, and J. B. Tillery. May 78,377p EPA/600/1-
78/032
Contract EPA-68-02-1746
An epidemiology study which included environmental
samples and clinical specimens within a three mile
radius of a new sewage treatment plant near Chicago,
Illinois was carried out. Evaluations were made before
and after plant start-up to determine if operations re-
sulted in any adverse health effect to neighborhood
populations. Although aerosols from the aeration
basins contained microorganisms, densities of these
organisms in neighboring residential area were at
background levels. Antibody tilers and attempted iso-
lations of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites
yielded no evidence of significant public health effects
resulting from plant operations.
Keywords: 'Public health, Antibodies, Isolation, Sam-
pling, Epidemiology, Biological aerosols, Evaluation, Il-
linois, Sewage treatment, Tables(Data), Recommen-
dations, Design, Site surveys, Planning, Methodology,
Environmental surveys, Bacteria, Parasites, Viruses,
Microorganisms, Chicago(lllinois), Environmental
health, Sewage treatment plants, Analytical method-
ology.
PB-284 266/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Health Effects Research Program, Fiscal Year
1975-1977. Executive summary rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
J. Dorigan, and H. Mahar. Aug 77,87p MTR-7630,
EPA/600/7-77/112
Contract EPA-68-01-3539
To insure that the major health and environmental
problems related to energy resource development
were anticipated and evaluated on a schedule consist-
ent with technological progress, the EPA-planned and
coordinated Federal Interagency Energy/Environment
R&D Program was initiated in the latter half of FY74.
This document provides an overview of the health ef-
fects related component of the Interagency Program.
The discussion focuses on the overall principles and
objectives of the research effort rather than a detailed
discussion of the individual projects.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Research and development,
'Energy source development, Tables(Data),
Cells(Biology), Ecology, Animals, Humans, Selection,
Research projects, Risk, Assessments, Programs, En-
vironmental health, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis.
PB-284 292/0 PC A02/MF A01
Auto Answer Circuit Design for an Anderson Ja-
cobson AD 342 Modem,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
David C. Fleck. May 78,25p EPA/600/4-78/026
The report describes a circuit which connects a West-
ern Electric Model 1001F Data Accessing Arrange-
ment to an Anderson Jacobson Model AD 342
Modem. It automatically answers the phone and holds
a data connection as long as a received carrier is
present. It self resets upon Toss of carrier, allowing fur-
ther incoming calls to be answered. It also disconnects
and resets if no carrier is received within ten seconds
after answering. In addition, the circuit allows for easy
origination of calls to other systems.
Keywords: 'Coupling circuits, 'Automatic control
equipment, Modems, Data links, Design, Data trans-
mission, Couplers, Answering circuits.
PB-284 296/1 PC A14/MF A01
Program Review Proceedings of: Environmental
Effects of Energy Related Activities on Marine/
Estuarlne Ecosystems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Clinton Hall, and Walter Preston. Oct 77,303p EPA/
600/7-77/111
Fiscal year 1975 was the beginning of the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's lead responsibility for the plan-
ning, coordination, and implementation of the Federal
Interagency Energy/Environment R&D Program. The
'Report of the Interagency Working Group on Health
and Environmental Effects of Energy Use,' completed
in November 1974, recommended an integrated envi-
ronmental sciences research program addressing
needs in five major areas: Pollution characterization
and monitoring; Environmental transport processes;
Health effects; Ecological effects; and Integrated as-
sessment. This report is the compilations of proceed-
ings from the review session.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, As-
sessments, Reviews, Environmental impacts, Monitor-
ing, Air water interactions, Research projects. Project
planning, Research management, National govern-
ment, Public health, Hydrocarbons, Shellfish, Bio-
assay, Sediments, Benthos, Chlorination, Marine
fishes, 'Ecosystems, 'Energy use, Species diversity,
Water pollution sampling.
PB-284 297/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Coal Storage Piles. Final task
rept. May 74-Sep 75,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
T. R. Blackwood, and R. A. Wachter. May 78,98p*
MRC-DA-504, EPA/600/2-78/004K
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-281 423.
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from coal storage piles. Fugitive emissions of
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dust and gases are emitted from coal storage piles.
The average emission (actor for respirable particulate
(< 7 micrometer) is 6.4 mg/kg per annum; this factor
describes the emission rate 95% of the time within
108%. From the distribution of coal piles, a repre-
sentative pile was selected containing 95,000 metric
tons of bituminous coal. The emission rate from this
pile averages 19 mg/s or 610 kg/yr. In order to evalu-
ate the potential environmental effect of coal storage
piles, a severity factor was defined as the ratio of the
maximum ground level concentration of an emission to
the ambient air quality standard for criteria pollutants
and to a modified threshold limit value for other pollut-
ants. Severity factors for a representative coal storage
pile are 0.025 and 1.0 when the emissions are treated
as gross particulate and coal dust, respectively. The
national emission burden from all coal storage piles is
0.00048% of total national particulate emissions. The
amount of coal stored is increasing at the rate of 3.8%
Per year and this will result in a 25% increase in emis-
sions in 1978 compared to 1972. Air pollution control
techniques for coal storage piles have not been gener-
ally established and no future control techniques are
presently under consideration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Coal storage, Sources, As-
sessments, Design criteria, Process charting,
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Trends,
Forecasting, Particles, Emission factors, State of the
art, * Fugitive emissions.
f.B-284 310/0 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
Environmental/Chemical Thesaurus. Environmen-
tal impact statement,
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
C. R. Shriner, N. S. Dailey, A. C. Jordan, K. C. Miller,
and E. T. Owens. Jun 78, 311p* ORNL/EIS-132
Contract W-7405-eng-26
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Ubrary Systems Branch.
Prepared in cooperation with Union Carbide Corp.,
Oak Ridge, Tenn.
The Environmental/Chemical Thesaurus approaches
scientific language control problems from a multidisci-
plinary view. The Environmental/Biomedical Terminol-
ogy Index (EBTI), partially funded by the Energy Re-
search and Development Administration, was used as
a base for the present thesaurus. The Environmental/
Ulemical Thesaurus used as its source of new terms
those major terms found in 13 Environmental Protec-
tion Agency data bases. The scope of this thesaurus
was broadened over that of the Environmental/Bio-
•nedical Terminology Index to include not only environ-
mental and biomedical sciences, but also the physical
sciences with emphasis placed on chemistry. The
chemical portion of this thesaurus expands the termi-
nology in the inorganic chemistry area over that pre-
sented in the EBTI. Specific chemical compounds are
not included; only classes of chemicals are given. To
Where to this level of classification, drugs and pesti-
cjdes are identified by class rather than by specific
chemical name. An attempt was also made to expand
jne areas of sociology and economics. Terminology
""aling with law, demography, and geography was ex-
panded.
Bywords: 'Pollution, 'Chemical compounds, "The-
sauri, Subject index terms, Water pollution, Air pollu-
Jjon, Solid waste disposal, Pesticides, Radioactive
[•pntaminants, Industrial hygiene, Noise pollution,
"-"quid wastes, Occupational health and safety.
PB-884 319/1 PC A07/MF A01
SXfironmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
ifnce of Solid Waste.
SSwtfous Waste Container* and Labeling: Appll-
Jj"bl||ty of Department of Transportation Regula-
P°ns. Final rept.,
IJ°snrnan Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Md.
"avid G. Abraham, James Winchester, Jr., Lawrence
2L- Btertein, and Gordon Rousseau. 1978,142p EPA/
530/SW-166C
^ntract EPA-68-01-4678
ilicabllity
A 8tU(jy was conducted to
cL^epartment of Transportation Hazardous Materials
'Jfaulations for packaging and labeling of hazardous
"Sates. The study reveals that DOT regulations cover
"narrower range of materials than does EPA authority
jJJJ* RCRA, Section 3001; DOT regulations generally
"wer materials with the more acute hazard character-
istics. The study recommends that DOT container reg-
ulations be adopted by EPA for hazardous wastes. For
those materials not regulated by DOT and certain
DOT-regulated materials that are not particularly haz-
ardous (e.g. tar liquid, jute-packing), the study recom-
mends that specification non-reusable and single-trip
containers and non-specification containers be author-
ized for use. DOT regulations for labeling and marking
are also recommended for adoption by EPA. Materials
not covered by DOT labeling requirements would be
subject to regulation by a labeling system developed
by EPA. The study concludes that existing data on long
term container and label survivability are inadequate
and the subject requires further study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Containerizing,
Labels, Warning systems, Materials handling, Packag-
ing, Regulations, Materials specifications, National
government, Wastes, 'Containerization, Department
of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency,
'Solid wastes, "Liquid wastes.
PB-284 332/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Performance of a High Velocity Pulse-Jet Filter,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
David Leith, Melvin W. First, and Dwight D. Gibson. Jul
78,70p EPA/600/7-78/131
Grant EPA-R-801399
Pulse-jet fabric filters have captured an increasing
share of the industrial air filtration market and currently
make up half the fabric filter sales In the United States.
(1) Part of the reason for their popularity is that pulse-
jet filters operate with an air to cloth ratio, or superficial
filtration velocity, substantially higher than that used in
A filter cleaned by other means. As a result, pulse-jet
filters are more compact and may be less expensive to
purchase, although the cost for compressed air used
in pulse cleaning can be appreciable. The report gives
results of an economic analysis of pulse-jet filtration. It
shows that, if the device is operated continuously, the
filtration velocity associated with least total annualized
cost is about 3 cm/s (6 ft/m). As annual operating time
decreases, operating costs decrease; however, fixed
cost remains about the same. Although the analyses
depend on the particular values for cost factors used in
the economic model, the least cost trend of increased
velocity with decreased operating time should stand,
regardless of the values used. As filtration velocity in-
creases, penetration also increases. Experiments de-
termined that essentially all penetration through the
filter is due to seepage, and that almost no particles
penetrate straight through without stoppjng. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air filters,
Cost analysis, Operating costs, Performance evalua-
tion, Pressure, Velocity, Design criteria, 'Fabric filters,
'Pulse jet filters,
PB-284 338/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
EPA Program Status Report Synthetic Fuel* from
Coal, Including Process Overview with Emphasis
on Environmental Considerations,
Cameron Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colo.
Morris Altschuler, Linda Eckstein, Charles 0. Hook,
Donald E. Roe, and Joseph Zalkind. Jul 77,113p*
EPA/600/7-77/102
Contract EPA-68-01-4337
The status of EPA's Synthetic Fuels from Coal Pro-
gram as of July 1977 Is presented. Processes with em-
phasis on environmental considerations are also de-
scribed. This program Is a part of EPA's interagency
energy-related environmental research program di-
rected toward providing the necessary technology for
meeting near-term and long-term energy requirements
in an environmentally acceptable manner. The objec-
tive of the program Is to assess the environmental Im-
pacts from processes for producing synthetic fuels
from coal, and develop appropriate pollution-control
technology.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental impacts,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Process charting, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Coal liquefaction, Government
programs.
PB-284 337/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Development of an Economics-Based Methodolo-
gy for Projecting Future Pollution Problems. Final
rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Gary S. Stacey, and James E. Flinn. Jun 78,198p
EPA/600/5-78/011
Contract EPA-68-01-1837
See also PB-284 338.
The research in this project was devoted to developing
a methodology having utility for an ultimate purpose of
identifying potential future toxic substance pollution
problems. An approach was desired that would be sys-
tematic, comprehensive, and futuristic. The method-
ology that has resulted is an economics-based one
that initiates the identification of problems by focusing
on the potential for their occurrence in the production,
exchange, and consumption of goods and services.
The methodology was developed and tested by exer-
cising the various components. The steps in the ap-
proach are to rank products (exchanged in the market-
place) according to the potential they have for being
associated with1 future pollution problems. For the high
ranked products, additional information on the chemi-
cal constituents of the product are identified. The final
step is to analyze the chemical constituents to deter-
mine which chemicals occur frequently and in large
quantities. At the same time the potential that each of
the chemicals has for resulting in toxic substance
problems would be assessed. In ranking the products
parameters on historical growth, future growth, disper-
sion technical change, and value of shipments were
developed and used. A specific group of products was
examined to determine their chemical content. The re-
sults of this effort showed that identifying chemical
constituents of products required considerable re-
sources. The final step of analyzing chemicals to de-
termine frequency and quantity was developed con-
ceptually but due to resource limitations could not be
applied. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Economic analy-
sis, 'Ranking, 'Forecasting, Methodology, Public
health, Sources, Growth trends, Chemical industry,
Toxicology, Substitutes, Tables(Data), Mathematical
models, Information systems, 'Toxic substances,
'Chemical compounds, SIC numbers, Environmental
management.
PB-284 338/1 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Systems for Rapid Ranking of Environmental Pol-
lutants: Selection of Subjects for Scientific and
Technical Assessment Reports. Final rept.,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Stephen L. Brown, Buford R. Holt, and Kirtland E.
McCaleb. Jun 78,281 p EPA/600/5-78/012
Contract EPA-68-01-2940
See also PB-284 337.
This document reports the results of the development
and testing of a system for rapidly ranking environmen-
tal pollutants. One potential use for the system is In
choosing the most important candidates for Scientific
and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR). Of sever-
al possible approaches to ranking environmental
agents, a system depending on expert opinion but as-
sisted by an objective subsystem was selected for de-
velopment. The system defines procedures for collect-
ing, processing, and evaluating data on production and
use; environmental transport, transformation, and rate;
and human health and welfare and ecological effects.
A test of the objective subsystem confirmed the utility
of the system. Of ten candidate agents, the three high-
est ranked were cyanides, carbon disulfide, and berylll-
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Ranking, 'Fore-
casting, Data acquisition, Assessments, Public health,
Transport properties. Toxicology, Transformations,
Cyanides, Beryllium, Carbon disuTflde, Information sys-
tems, 'Toxic substances, 'Chemical compounds, Sci-
entific and Technical Assessment Reports.
PB-284 347/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
December 1983 471
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Characterization of Sorbent Resins for Use In En-
vironmental Sampling. Final task rept. Mar 77-Jan
78,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
R. F. Gallant, J. W. King, P. L. Levins, and J. F.
Piecewicz. Mar 78,163p EPA/600/7-78/054
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report describes the use of chromatographic tech-
niques to characterize resins which are used to trap
vapors in environmental sampling schemes. It de-
scribes two such techniques (frontal and elution analy-
sis) which have been applied to characterize sorbent
cartridges packed with Tenax-GC and XAD-2 sor-
bents, two synthetic polymeric resins commonly used
as sampling media. Three diverse adsorbate groups,
consisting of eight distinct chemical classes, were
studied as potential pollutants. Elution analysis of
these vapors yielded specific retention volumes which
can be directly related 19 the breakthrough character-
istics of the sorbent resins under a diversity on sam-
pling conditions. Adsorption coefficients, derivable
from the specific retention volumes, yield the weight
capacity of the sorbent at challenge concentrations in
the Henry's Law region. Frontal analysis results con-
firm the elution data for sorbate uptake of resins. A
slight flow rate dependence for sorbate uptake is
noted for XAD-2. Specific retention volume data ex-
trapolated to ambient conditions correlate well with ad-
sorbate boiling point and molecular polarizability.
These correlations allow breakthrough and weight ca-
pacity to be estimated for a variety of adsorbate types.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, *Absorbers(Materlals), Air
pollution, Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Volume, Isotherms,
Concentratlon(Composltion), *Alr pollution detection,
Tenax-GC resins, XAD-2 resins.
PB-284 352/2 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Aquaculture,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Wastewater Management Branch.
William R. Duffer, and James E. Moyer. Jun 78,55p*
EPA/600/2-78/110
The developmental status of the aquacultural alterna-
tive for treatment and reuse of municipal wastewater is
reviewed. Major emphasis is given to the reduction or
fate of pollutants in such areas as organics, solids, nu-
trients, heavy metals, residual hydrocarbons, and po-
tentially pathogenic organisms. Economic assess-
ments of treatment and production rates for organisms
are included for several types of aquacultural process-
es. Aquacultural systems considered include natural
wetlands, artificial wetlands, macrophytes, inverte-
brates, fish, and integrated or food chain units. Areas
having high potential for further research and develop-
ment are Identified.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution,
'Waste water reuse, 'Municipalities, Invertebrates,
Solids, Food chains, Fresh water, Economic analysis,
Swamps, Marine microorganisms, Metals, Nutrients,
Hydrocarbons, Assessments, Fishes, Aquaculture,
Wetlands, Heavy metals.
PB-284 375/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry.
Who's Who IV In the Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment R and D Program,
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Vitro
Labs. Div.
H. O. Holte. Jun 78,38p* EPA/600/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -2934
See also Who's Who III dated Jul 77, PB-284 228 and
Who's Who II dated Sep 76, PB-271 507.
This publication documents major organizational as-
pects/functions of the Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment Program and associated points of contact.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Directories, 'National go/ern-
ment, Personnel, Research projects, Pollution, Names
and addresses, Telephone numbers, Research and
development, 'Environmental protection.
PB-284 378/7 PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring for Polychlorlnated Blphenyl Emis-
sions from an Electrolytic Capacitor Disposal
Project. Field project rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Environmental Monitoring Branch.
Charles E. Rodes, Merrill D. Jackson, and Robert G.
Lewis. May 78,23p EPA/600/4-78-025
Prepared in cooperation with Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C. Environmental
Toxicology Div.
Three different air sampling methods were used simul-
taneously to monitor for PCS emissions arising from a
pilot disposal project involving electrolytic capacitors.
Analytical results indicated that the primary polychlori-
nated biphenyl material was Aroclor 1242, and that air-
borne concentrations inside the building housing the
grinders exceeded 5mg/cu m. The PCB air concentra-
tions outside the building at a distance of 9 m were
typically < 1.0 microgram/cu m. Measurements made
with one low-volume and two high-volume air samplers
are compared.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Gas analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Chlorine organic compounds, Air pol-
lution, Combustion products, Capacitors, Chemical
analysis, Concentration(Compoaltlon), Monitoring, 'Air
pollution detection, Aroclor 1242, Blphenyl/chloro,
•Polychlorlnated blphenyls.
PB-284 382/9 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Chollnestsrase Activity, Residue
Levels, and Urinary Metabolite Excretion of Rats
Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Diane E. Bradway, Talaat M. Shaflk, and Emile M.
Lores. 1977,8p EPA/600/J-77/122
Pub. in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v25
n6,p1353-1358,1977.
Blood chollnesterase activity, urinary levels of phenolic
and organophosphorus metabolites, and residues of
intact compounds in blood and fat were determined
following exposure of rats to organophosphorus pesti-
cides, me eight pesticides studied included repre-
sentative halogenated compounds (carbophenothlon,
dichlofenthion, ronnel, and leptophos) and nonhalo-
genated compounds (parathlon, EPN, dlmethoate, and
dichlorvos). Cholinesterase activity was determined by
gas chromatography. Metabolites were extracted, deri-
vatized, subjected to silica gel chromatography, and
quantitated with FP-GC and EC-GC. Residues were
extracted, cleaned up with silica gel chromatography,
and quantitated with EC-GC. Data comparing these
various exposure indicators are presented.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Cholinesterase, 'Toxicology,
Ingestion(Biology), Sulfur organic compounds, Excre-
tion, Comparison, Rats, Exposure, Phosphorus organ-
ic compounds, Urine, Metabolism, Laboratory animals,
Blood chemical analysis, Fat analysis, Experimental
data, Chromatographic analysis, Insecticides,
Tables(Data), Lethal dosage, Bloassay, Reprints, Pes-
ticide residues, Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, Par-
athion, DOVP insecticide, Trlthion, Mobllawn, Phosvel,
EPN insecticide, Dimethoate, Ronnel, Urlnalysis, Adi-
pose tissue.
PB-284 383/7 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Ozone on Human Cellular and Hu-
moral Immunity: Characterization of T and B Lym-
phocytes by Rosette Formation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Anthony Savlno, Marzda L. Peterson, Dennis House,
AMs G. Turner, and Harvey E. Jeffries. 1978,7p EPA/
600/J-78-026
Pub. in Environmental Research v15, p65-69,1978.
Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 mi-
crograms cu m (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an en-
vironmentally controlled exposure chamber. Peripher-
al blood samples were taken before and after air and
ozone exposures and again at 72 hours and 2 weeks.
These blood samples were examined for the percent-
ages of rosette-forming T and B lymphocytes. No sta-
tistically significant depressions in T-lymphocyte ro-
sette formation with sheep erythrocytes were found
following exposure to air or ozone. The ability of B lym-
phocytes to form rosettes with sensitized human eryth-
rocytes was depressed following ozone exposure.
These results suggest that surface receptors and/or
cell membranes of peripheral blood B lymphocytes
may be temporarily altered following short-term expo-
sure to ozone.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Lymphocytes, 'Blood celjs, 'Im-
munity, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Humans, Experimental
data, Erythrocytes, Tables(Data), Males, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes,
'Rosette formation, Humoraral immunity, Cellular im-
munity, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-284 384/5 PC A02/MF A01
Noxious Trace Gases In the Air. Part II. Halogenat-
ed Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Philip L Hanst. Mar 78,9p EPA/600/J-78-033
Pub. in Chemistry v51 n2, p6-12, Mar 1978.
The chemistry of chlorofluorocarbons and other halo-
genated air pollutants is discussed. A summary is pre-
sented of the present levels of concentration of such
compounds, along with comments on anticipated in-
creases. Chemical reactions that transform and
remove halogenated pollutants In the troposphere are
outlined. The penetration of non-reactive pollutants
into the stratosphere with resultant destruction of
stratospheric ozone is described. Consideration Is
given to future consequences of continued release of
the halogen-containing air pollutants.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Ozone, Stratosphere,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Forecasting, Trace ele-
ments, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Fluorine alipha-
tic compounds, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Reprint.
PB-284 365/2 PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technology to Meet ths Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations, Part 2. Arsenic
and Selenium. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Thomas Sorg, and Gary S. Logsdon. Jul 78,18p EPA/
600/J-78/030
Pub. in Journal of the American Water Works Associ-
ation, p379-393, Jul 8. See also PB-277 499.
EPA established drinking water regulations for ten in-
organic substances and radionuclides that became ef-
fective on June 24,1977. As a result of these new reg-
ulations, many communities may be required to con-
struct new treatment facilities or to modify existing
ones. This paper on arsenic and selenium Is a second
of a series that reviews existing treatment technology
for meeting the EPA drinking water regulations. The ef-
fectiveness of conventional coagulation, lime soften-
ing, ion exchange, activated carbon, reverse osmosis,
and electrodlalysls for the removal of the contami-
nants are discussed. The Information consists of data
from a general literature review and EPA's recent work
on metals removal by conventional treatment.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Regulations, 'Arsenic,
'Selenium, Potable water, Coagulation, Ion exchang-
ing, Reverse osmosis, Electrodialysls, Activated
carbon, Calcium oxides, 'Drinking water, Technology,
Reprints.
PB-284 386/0 PC A03/MF A01
A Rapid Method for Estimating Log P for Organic
Chemicals,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Gilman D. Velth, and Richard T. Morris. May 78,27p*
EPA/600/3-76/049
Prepared In cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or.
A rapid, inexpensive technique based on reverse-
phase high pressure liquid chromatography has been
developed to estimate the n-octanol/water partition
coefficient of organic chemicals. The system consists
of a preparative Mlcro-Pak C-(R)10 reverse-phase
column eluted with a 15 percent water/85 percent
methanol solvent flowing at 2 ml/min at room tem-
perature. The chemicals are detected in the eluam
with a standard ultraviolet detector or a fraction collec-
tor system followed by appropriate analysis of the frac-
tions to determine the retention time of the chemical- £
linear calibration of the logarithm of retention time wltn
the logarithm of the partition coefficient (Log P) Is <"'
472 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tained by using a mixture of benzene, bromobenzene,
biphenyl, bibenzyl, pp'DDE, and 2,4,5.2',5' pentachlor-
obiphenyl as reference standards of known Log P.
Chemicals with Log P of approximately 3 elute in less
than 10 min whereas those with Log P greater than 5
elute after 20 min.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
Chromatographic analysis, High temperature tests,
Numerical solutions, Calibrating, Solutions, Laboratory
equipment, 'Liquid chromatography, 'Partition coeffi-
cients, Procedures.
PB-284 391/0 PC A03/MF A01
Symposium on Protecting the Marine Environ-
ment: Research and Regulation. Final rept,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Betty P. Jackson. Apr 78,47p EPA/600/9-78/006
The symposium focuses on the essential role of re-
search and regulatory agencies in protecting marine
ecosystems. The purpose ol the symposium is to com-
memorate dedication of a new toxicologies! test facility
at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory in Gulf Breeze, Flor-
ida, on October 7,1977. Participants define the special
function of the federal agency scientist, the social re-
sponsibility of the scientist, and the need for research
In support of environmental regulation. Historical and
future objectives of the Gulf Breeze Laboratory are
also reviewed.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Ecology, 'Protection, 'Marine
w>logy, Agencies, Sociology, Regulations, Environ-
ments, Research, National government, Oceans, Re-
lationships, Laboratories, Ecosystems, Endangered
species, Federal agencies.
fB-284 392/8 PC A19/MF A01
Method* tor the Determination of Chemical Con-
taminant. In Drinking Water • Participant* Hand-
book,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cfflce of Water Program Operations.
John D. Pfaff. Nov 77,429p* EPA/430/1-78/008
This laboratory manual is designed to contain analyt-
wal procedures for all parameters listed in the National
nterim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NIPDWR). Some procedures may be carried out by
operators or laboratory technicians with little or no ex-
perience (chlorine, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate) while
other parameters require understanding and experi-
ence in using sophisticated analytical equipment
(atomic absorption, gas chromatography). Parameters
included are procedures for silver, cadmium, chromi-
um, lead, mercury, arsenic, selenium, nitrate, fluoride,
pBrium, chlorine, turbidity, pesticides, herbicides. It is
written in a step-by-step format.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Manuals,
instructional materials, Chemical analysis, Education,
petals, Silver, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead(Metal),
wrcury(Metal), Arsenic, Selenium, Water pollution, In-
y/Oanic nitrates, Organic compounds, Fluoride,
Barium, Chlorine, Pesticides, Herbicides, Turbidity,
^boratory equipment, Regulations, 'Water pollution
*tectlon. Drinking water.
t?-**4 393/6 PCA11/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
nurnan Effects Monitoring Branch.
""tonal study to Determine Level* of Chlorlnat-
7? Hydrocarbon ln*ectlclde* In Human Milk: 1975-
u?'« and Supplementary Report to the National
$«nan Milk Study: 1975-1976. Final rept.,
Dorado State Univ.. Fort Collins. Epidemlologlc Stud-
2*Center.
"dph P. Savage. Sep 76,237p' EPA/540/9-78/005
were collected during 1975-76 from 1,436
women in 150 hospitals across the country.
ls were selected at random from every region
. to ensure that the samples would be repre-
of all U.S. women. Pesticide compounds or
s detected in mother's milk Included dlel-
Kvi heptachlor, heptachlor epoxlde, oxychlordane,
""T, BHC, Undane, and HCB. No Mirex or chlordane
J** found in any of the samples. The result* of this
pplied to HEW for their review and as-
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Milk, Statistical analysis, Diel-
drin, Humans, Females, Nursing, Hospitals, United
States, Data acquisition, Data processing, Lipids,
Quality control, Heptachlor, Insecticides, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, DDT, Lindane, Tables(Data), Sam-
pling, Epidemiology, 'Pesticide residues, Women, Me-
tabolites, Mothers, 'Toxic substances, Oxychlordane,
Benzene/hexachloro, Heptachlor epoxide.
PB-284 399/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy Minerals and Industry.
Annotated Bibliography of Interagency Energy/
Environment R and 0 Program Publication*,
Vitro Labs., Silver Spring, Md.
R. Laska, and J. Epstein. Oct 77,39p EPA/600/9-77/
031
Contract EPA-68-01-2934
The annotated bibliography contains information per-
taining to publications sponsored by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment Research and Development Program. The intent
of this document is to assist the researcher or the In-
terested public In identifying and locating documents
which are pertinent to their current interests.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, Scientific research, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal, Coal prep-
aration, Flue gases, Combustion, Radioactive wastes,
Efficiency, Monitoring, Transport properties, Public
health, Ecology, Assessments, Energy resources,
Thermal effluents, 'Environmental pollution.
PB-284 400/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Results of Research Related to Stratospheric
Ozone Protection. Report to Congress,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
R. E. Ruff, P. B. Russell, S. D. Kaplan, B. R. Holt, and J.
W. Ryan. Jan 78, 50p SRI-6806, EPA/600/8-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-3939
Research on ozone protection has been coordinated
under the Biological and Climatic Effects Research
(BACER) Program. This is a multiagency, multidisci-
plinary effort initially funded by The Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Its purpose Is to reduce uncertainties
regarding ozone depletion to improve regulatory deci-
sion-making. Health, biological, ecological, climatic
and social/economic effects are studied. Activities In-
clude surveys of skin cancer among populations at dif-
ferent latitudes, measurements of solar UV-B (290-
320nm) at the sites, tests of over 100 plant species
under simulated and natural UV-B levels, experiments
with aquatic ecosystems, and social/economic work-
shops. Results to date are as follows: surveys general-
ly support belief that skin cancer incidence is related to
UV-B exposure; mortality from skin cancer Is increas-
ing among the young, probably due to changes In life
style-more time outdoors; all plants tested are sensi-
tive to UV-B at some exposure level; some plants are
stunted, others suffer bleached or discolored leaves;
UV-B damages larvae of shrimp, crab, mackerel and
anchovy; photorepair mechanism Is suggested as a
potential mltlgator of UV-B effects In plants; field type,
medium resolution spectroradlometer and calibration
standards were developed; and a conceptual model,
including parameter uncertainties, is developed for in-
tegrated assessment of costs/benefits of control vs.
non-control. Reliability of assessments Increase as pa-
rameter uncertainties decrease-do not have to revise
model for new data.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, Ecosystems, Ecol-
ogy, Public health, Ultraviolet radiation, Skin cancer,
Plants(Botany), Stratosphere, Monitoring, Forecasting,
Climatology, Assessments, Measuring Instruments,
'Biological and Climatic Effects Research Program.
'Atmospheric chemistry.
PB-284 419/9 PC A02/MF A01
The Amount of Vehicle Operation Over 60 mph.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jul78,23pLDTP-78-13
Vehicle operational characteristics, especially driving
speeds, affect fuel economy. When driving speed ex-
ceeds 45 mph, fuel economy decreases. This report
presents current information on the amount of vehicle
operation at speeds greater than 50 mph.
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, 'Fuel consump-
tion, 'Acceleration, Motor vehicles, Roads, Statistical
data, Automotive fuels, Speed, Fuel economy,
Statewide statistics, Vehicle mileage.
PB-284 434/8 PC A04/MF A01
Human Scalp Hair. An Environmental Exposure
Index for Trace Element*. I. Fifteen Trace Ele-
ment* In New York, N.Y. (1971-72),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John P. Creason, Thomas A. Hinners, Joseph E.
Bumgarner, and Cecil Plnkerton. May 78,59p EPA/
600/1-78/037A
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284 435.
Previous studies have revealed that hair trace element
concentrations can reflect exposure In cases of frank
poisoning and deficiency. Correlations have been
round also in some populations living In regions where
metallurgic processes are conducted. This study re-
ports significant correlations between hair, barium,
chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, tin, and vanadium
content and exposures (as measured by analyses for
the corresponding elements in dustfall or housedust)
within a single metropolitan area. Age, sex, hair color,
and smoking habits were included in the statistical
evaluation. Several metals showed a tendency to In-
crease and decrease together in the hair specimens in
agreement with trends reported for other human tis-
sues. It is acknowledged that hair has the capacity to
adsorb and to release trace elements in certain situa-
tions. However, population studies can compensate
for confounding Influences by (1) a randomizing effect,
by (2) an averaging effect, and (3) by statistical rejec-
tion of unrepresentative data values. The relationship
of hair content to (a) content in other tissues and to (b)
metabolic status are separate and complex issues that
should not be confused with (c) exposure relation-
ships.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Hair,
"Indexes(Ratios), 'Trace elements, 'Metals, Urban
areas, Populations, Exposure, Vanadium, Color, Age,
Sex, Smoking, Tissues(Blology), Barium, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Nickel, Tin, Environmen-
tal health.
PB-284 435/5 PC A04/MF A01
Human Scalp Hair An Environmental Expowir*
Index for Trace Element*. II. Seventeen Trace Ele-
ment* In Four New Jersey Communities (1972),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John P. Creason, Thomas A. Hinners, Cecil Plnkerton,
and Joseph E. Bumgarner. Jun 78,64p EPA/600/1 -
78/037B
See also report dated May 78, PB-284 434.
Seventeen trace elements - arsenic (As), barium (Ba),
boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu),
Iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (LI), manganese (Mn), mer-
cury (Hg), nlckle (Nl), selenium (Se), sliver (Ag), tin
(Sn), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) - were measured In
human scalp hair collected In four eastern New Jersey
communities. Of the seven for which dustfall trace ele-
ment measurements were available (lead, nickle, cad-
mium, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese) lead,
nlckle and manganese showed significant positive re-
lationships with children's scalp hair concentration*.
This result support* findings of an earlier New York
City study, even though the dustfall trace element con-
centrations are much lower In this study. When all 17
trace elements were tested for geographic differ-
ences, all except boron and silver showed significant
difference* for children, while 8 of 17 showed signifi-
cant variation in adult*. Several hair-related covariates
were assessed for possible Influence* on scalp hair
trace element level* for both children and adult*.
These covariates are evaluated a* potential confound-
ing factors in any future use of hair a* an environmen-
taflndex.
Keyword*: 'Hair, 'Trace element*, 'Metal*, 'Environ-
mental surveys. Communities, Tablea(Data), Children,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Adult*, New Jersey, Ar-
senic, Barium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper,
Iron, Lead(Metal), Lithium, Manganete,
Mercury(Metal), Nickel, Selenium, Silver, Tin, Vanadl-
December 1983 473
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
urn, Zinc, Exposure, Indexes(Ratios), Environmental
health.
PB-284 450/4 PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Div. of Envi-
ronmental Control Technology.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes.
Annual progress rept. no. 2, 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77,
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex.
E. M. Wewerka, J. M. Williams, N. E. Vanderborgh, A.
W. Harmon, and P. Wagner. Jul 78,148p LA-7360-PR,
EPA/600/7-78/028A
See also 1st annual rept. LA-6835-PR.
Early in FY 77, the authors completed the analyses of
the trace elements and major minerals in bulk refuse
and coal samples from the Illinois Basin. This activity
was followed at midyear by studies to elucidate the
structural relationships and associations among the
trace elements in these materials. Concurrent with
these efforts, and continuing throughout most of the
year, they conducted several series of weathering and
leaching experiments to define the environmental be-
havior of the trace elements in the refuse and coal
samples under various environmental conditions.
These investigations resulted in the identification of
the trace elements of most environmental concern in
typical Illinois Basin refuse and coal. During the latter
part of the year, they began to investigate methods to
control the trace element contamination of refuse and
coal drainage.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes, "Coal, *Trace elements, "Water pollution, Illi-
nois, Coal preparation, Storage, Technology, Assess-
ments, Organic compounds, Leaching,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Water pollution con-
trol, Coal storage, "Solid wastes.
PB-284 452/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Rapping Reentralnment In a Near Full Scale Pilot
Electrostatic Preclpltator. Final rept. May 75-Apr
78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Grady B. Nichols. Jun 78,24p SORI-EAS-78-019,
3489-F, EPA/600/7-78-112
Contract EPA-68-02-1875
See also report dated May 76, PB-255 984.
The report gives results of a research program to iden-
tify the characteristics of paniculate matter reintro-
duced into a gas stream flowing through an electro-
static precipitator (ESP) attributable to collection elec-
trode rapping. The study included both fundamental
and experimental studies of dust layer behavior in a
pilot-scale ESP with collection electrodes of a size that
approximates those in a full-scale field unit. Results of
the pilot study, together with those of a related study of
full-scale ESPs collecting flyash from coal-fired boilers,
were used to modify the EPA Computer Systems
Model of an ESP to more nearly represent the actual
behavior of this class of paniculate control device.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Electrostatic precipi-
tators, "Dust control, "Entrainment, Fly ash, Combus-
tion products, Monitors, Measurement, Instrumenta-
tion, Pilot plants, Flue dust, Performance tests, Coal,
Boilers, Mathematical models, Electrodes, Air pollution
sampling, Air pollution detection, Particulates, Station-
ary sources.
PB-284 453/8 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Holding Temperature and Time on Total
Conform Density In Sewage Effluent Samples.
Working paper,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Charlotte V. Davenport, and Ronald C. Gordon. Apr
78,19p AERS/WP-31, CERL-041
Over the years, a variety of temperature and storage
conditions have been recommended as a means of
maintaining sample integrity when immediate coliform
analysis was not possible. These recommendations
were developed, in large part, from analysis of drinking
water samples which usually have a low co'iform and
nutrient content. However, in river water samples with
high (i.e. 100,000/100 ml) initial coliform densities
showed that the population tended to increase, at both
refrigeration (2-6C) and room temperatures (23-27C),
when analyzed after 6, 12, and 30 hours of storage. It
was found that the coliform population increases in the
room temperature samples to be more than double
those observed for the refrigerated samples.
Keywords: "Rivers, "Coliform bacteria, "Sampling,
"Water pollution, Storage, Potable water, Abundance,
Microorganisms, Temperature, Refrigerating, Dilution,
Growth, Sewage, Outfall sewers, Density(Mass/
volume).
PB-284 480/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
EPA Program Status Report: OH Shale,
Cameron Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colo.
L. Eckstein. Feb 78, 57p EPA/600/7-78/020
Contract EPA-68-01-4337
This report provides the reader with an overview of
current oil shale research and development (R and D)
efforts being performed by EPA, or being funded by
EPA monies passed-through to other Federal agen-
cies under the Interagency Energy/Environment R and
D Program. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the pur-
pose, background, and rationale behind EPA's efforts;
Chapter 2 discusses the EPA program goals and fiscal
year 1977 program funding; and, Chapter 3 presents
the scope-of-work for 55 ongoing projects. A table at
the end of Chapter 3 summarizes these projects by
presenting project title, sponsoring agency, performing
organization, and project duration.
Keywords: "Oil shale, "Research projects, "Environ-
mental impacts, Reserves, Extraction, Land reclama-
tion, Pollution, Monitors, Processing, Ecology, Mining,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Vegetation, Solid waste
disposal, Retorting, Geochemistry, Tests, "Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Fugitive dust, Carcinogene-
sis.
PB-284 481/9 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Paniculate Control Highlights: Flux Force/Con-
densation Wet Scrubbing. Final rept. Oct 77-Apr 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
S. Calvert, and R. Parker. Jun 78, 24p EPA/600/8-78/
005C
Contract EPA-68-02-2190
The report gives highlights of EPA's flux force/con-
densation (FF/C) program, a system that involves the
use of water vapor condensation effects to enhance
fine particle collection. FF/C scrubbing offers signifi-
cant cost advantages over conventional control equip-
ment for a large number of industrial sources. General-
ly, it is attractive when high removal efficiencies are re-
quired for fine particles, when flue gas enthalpy is suffi-
ciently high, or when spent steam is available. EPA's
fine particle scrubber program has been instrumental
in identifying, understanding, and quantifying flux force
and condensation effects in wet scrubbers. EPA also
has taken a leading role in developing and demonstrat-
ing FF/C scrubbers for industrial applications.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Fines,
"Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Economics, Performance evaluation,
Particles, Flue gases, "Flux force/condensation scrub-
bers, Wet methods.
PB-284 487/6 PC A13/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7). Part A.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Aug 77,281 p* AP-42-ED-3-PT-A-Sup-1/7
See also 2nd Edition, Pt-A, PB-264 194, and PB-284
488.
Emission data obtained from source tests, material
balance studies, engineering estimates, etc., have
been compiled for use by individuals and groups re-
sponsible for conducting air pollution emission inven-
tories. Emission factors given in this document, the
result of the expansion and continuation of earlier
work, cover most of the common emission categories:
fuel combustion by stationary and mobile sources;
combustion of solid wastes; evaporation of fuels, sol-
vents, and other volatile substances; various Industrial
processes; and miscellaneous sources. When no
source-test data are available, these factors can be
used to estimate the quantities of primary pollutants
(particulates, CO, S02, NOx, and hydrocarbons) being
released from a source or source group.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Inventories, Sources, Solid
waste disposal, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions,
Combustion products, Cargo transportation, Agricul-
tural products, Food industry, Chemical industry, In-
dustrial wastes, Fossil fuels, Internal combustion en-
gines, Evaporation, Petroleum industry, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hy-
drocarbons, "Emission factors, Fugitive emissions.
PB-284 488/4
PC A11/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7). Part B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Aug 77,236p* AP-42-ED-3-PT-B-Sup-1/7
See also 2nd Edition, R-B, PB-264 195, and PB-284
487.
Emission data obtained from source tests, material
balance studies, engineering estimates, etc., have
been compiled for use by individuals and groups re-
sponsible for conducting air pollution emission inven-
tories. Emission factors given in this document, the
result of the expansion and continuation of earlier
work, cover most of the common emission categories:
fuel combustion by stationary and mobile sources;
combustion of solid wastes; evaporation of fuels, sol-
vents, and other volatile substances; various industrial
processes; and miscellaneous sources. When no spe-
cific source-test data are available, these factors can
be used to estimate the quantities of primary pollutants
(particulates, CO, SO2, NOx, and hydrocarbons) being
released from a source or source group. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Inventories, Sources, Metal
industry, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Min-
erals, Petroleum industry, Paper industry, Wood prod-
ucts, Particles, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, "Emission factors, Fugitive
emissions.
PB-284 516/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Rye Patch Reservoir, Pershlng County, Nevada.
Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,49p WORKING PAPER-809
Prepared In cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Rye Patch Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Nevada, Eutro-
phication, "Water quality data, Pershing
County(Nevada).
PB-284 520/4 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Emission Characterization of Stationary NOx
Sources: Volume 1. Results. Special rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Energy and Envi-
ronmental ulv.
K. G. Salvesen, K. J. Wolfe, E. Chue, and M. A.
Herther. Jun 78, 247p" EPA/600/7-78/120A
Contract EPA-88-02-2160
See also report dated June 1977, PB-279 083.
The report gives results of an inventory of gaseous,
liquid, and solid effluents from stationary NOx sources,
projected to the year 2000, and ranks them according
to their potential for environmental hazard. It classifies
sources according to their pollution formation charac-
474 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
teristics, and gives results of a compilation of emission
factors and regional and national fuel consumption
data for specific equipment/fuel types. It gives results
of an emission inventory for NOx, SOx, CO, HC, partic-
ulates, sulfates, POM, and liquid or solid effluents. It
projects emissions to 1985 and to 2000 for five energy
scenarios, depicting alternative uses of coal, nuclear
power, and synthetic fuels. It ranks sources by nation-
wide emissions loading for 1974, 1985, and 2000. It
describes a source analysis model used to estimate
pollution hazard, considering ambient dispersion, pop-
ulation exposure, background concentrations, and
health-based impact threshold limits. It applies the
model to the emission inventory to produce source
rankings based on both single-pollutant and total-mul-
timedia Impact factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'In-
ventories, Assessments, Sources, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Trends, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Sulfur oxides, Industrial waste treatment, Solid waste
disposal, Boilers, Furnaces, Reciprocating engines,
Gas turbines, Sulfates, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Particles, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption,
Electric power plants, Regions, Scenarios, Substitutes,
Stationary sources, Emission factors, Air quality.
PB-284 531/1 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Biota of the Pigeon River,
North Carolina and Tennessee. Final rept. 19 Jul-8
Aug 65,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Technical Advisory and Investigations
Branch.
Lowell E. Keup, and R. Keith Stewart. Feb 66,38p
Wastes from the Champion Paper Company and the
city of Canton, North Carolina, polluted the Pigeon
River and adversely affected the biota of the river in
the states of North Carolina and Tennessee. This pol-
luflon: Reduced the growth of both the desirable sus-
pended planktonic and bottom attached algae; stimu-
lated the growth of undesirable slime organisms; re-
duced substantially the desirable sensitive fish food or-
ganisms; increased in numbers the tolerant bottom as-
sociated organisms; destroyed the fisheries In twenty
wiles of the Pigeon River in North Carolina and caused
'he waters that entered Tennessee to contain a fish
Population dominated by large rough-fish such as carp
and suckers.
>rds: 'Freshwater biology, 'Water pollution,
_ =-Jn River, 'Waterville Lake, 'Paper Industry,
Benthos, Plankton, Algae, Marine microorganisms,
i-resh water fishes, Feeding stuffs, Culicidae, Industrial
wastes, Fisheries, Carp, Watersheds, North Carolina,
i ennessee, Canton(North Carolina), Champion Paper
|x>mpany, Water pollution effect8(Animals), Water pol-
'utton effects(Plants), Trash fish.
P5"284 634/5 PC A11 /MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
JJ'nlplant Studies of Pressurized Fluldlzed-Bed
Coal Combustion: Third Annual Report. Rept. for
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J.
"• C. Hoke, R. R. Bertrand, M. S. Nutkis, L. A. Ruth,
and M. W. Gregory. Apr 78,246p EPA/600/7-78/069
gOntract EPA-68-02-1312
**« also report dated Sep 77, PB-272 722.
The report presents further results of studies of the en-
•ironrnental aspects of the pressurized fluldized-bed
r°ai combustion process, using the 218 kg coal/hr
"J'nipiant' contlnuous-combustion/sorbent-regenera-
{""> system (0.63 MW equivalent), and a 13 kg coal/hr
Jjench-scaie system. Previous combustion studies on
"" mlnipiant combustor were extended to investigate
"""Wong of SO2, SOS, NOx, and particulates during
r°"*ustlon of a high-sulfur coal, and with the use of
ESpa'clned limestone as the SO2 sorbent. Percent-
JJj™ SO2 removals obtained with the high-sulfur coal
rJJ* similar to earlier ones with intermediate-sulfur
r~«J- Precalclned limestone proved to be as effective
Sfotomlte (on a Ca/S molar basis) In removing SO2.
.j"8 Performance of the mlniplant regenerator was
j"monstrated in an uninterrupted 125-hr run with con-
aiw°us circulation of sorbent between the combustor
DBTO. re98nerator. A granular bed filter for high tem-
""ature/pressure flue gas paniculate removal was in-
!£»wo on the miniplanT: Initial shakedown was com-
HMJlea with a 24-hr continuous run. Sampling was com-
pleted on the miniplant combustor for comprehensive
analysis of emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluldized bed pro-
cessors, Combustion products, Regeneration, Sulfur
dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Adsorption, Nitrogen oxides,
Performance evaluation, Flue gases, Limestone, Parti-
cles, Sampling, Design criteria, Dolomlte(Rock), Pres-
sure, Coal, Procedures, Granular bed filters, 'Coal
combustion, Limestone scrubbing.
PB-284 537/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Development of a DDT Manufacturing and Proc-
essing Plant Waste Treatment System. Final rept.
Feb 76-78,
Montrose Chemical Corp. of California, Torrance.
M. Sobleman, K. H. Sweeny, and E. D. Calimag. Jun
78,90p EPA/600/2-78/125
Grant EPA-804293
The report gives results of a study both to test the
feasibility of detoxification of DOT manufacturing
wastes, using solvent extraction, and to develop a
practical process, If possible. Three different liquid-
liquid contacting devices were tested: all provided rea-
sonably good extraction of DDT and homologs from
the caustic aqueous phase. Unfortunately, major
phase separation problems resulted In excessive
losses of monochlorobenzene solvent to the aqueous
phase. Efforts to improve coalescence/phase separa-
tion were unsuccessful. Further development of a sol-
vent extraction process for detoxification of DDT man-
ufacturing waste cannot be justified.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, *DDT, 'Industrial
waste treatment, Feasibility, Solvent extraction, Pesti-
cides, Contactors, Solubility, Degradation, Coalescing,
Chemical industry, Earth fills, Materials recovery,
Waste recycling, Podbieliniak contactors, DDE Insecti-
cide.
PB-284 55S/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Hells Canyon Reservoir, Baker and Wallows
Counties, Oregon. Adams and Idaho Counties,
Idaho. Final rept. 1975,
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Apr 78,42p WORKING PAPER-829
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Idaho State
Dept. of Health and Welfare, Boise., and Oregon Na-
tional Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hells Canyon Reservoir,
Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Sulfates, ConcentrationfCompositlon), Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Idaho,
Oregon, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, Organic loading, Baker County(Oregon),
Wallowa County(Oregon), Adams County(ldaho),
Idaho County(ldaho).
PB-284 814/5 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipita-
tion. (Revision 1): Volume I. Modeling and Pro-
gramming,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Jack R. McDonald. Jun 78,332p_* SORI-EAS-78-101-
Vol-1,3540-6-VoM, EPA/600/7-78/111A
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-246 188. and
Volume 2, PB-284 615.
The report briefly describes the fundamental mecha-
nisms and limiting factors involved in the electrostatic
precipitation process. It discusses theories and proce-
dures used in the computer model to describe the
physical mechanisms, and generally describes the
major operations performed in the computer program.
It lists the entire computer program and defines all var-
iables used in the program. Major improvements to the
fundamental basis of the model include: the capability
of generating theoretical voltage-current characteris-
tics for wire-plate geometries, a new method for de-
scribing the effects of rapping reentrainment, and a
new procedure for predicting the effects of particles on
the electrical conditions. The computer has been
made more user oriented by making the input data less
cumbersome, by making the output data more com-
plete, by making modifications which save computer
time, and by providing for the construction of log-
normal particle size distributions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitation, 'Mathematical models, Computer
programming, Particle size distribution, Computer pro-
grams, Revisions, Performance evaluation, Fortran,
Numerical solutions, Electric corona, Particle charging,
Electric fields.
PB-284 615/2 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipita-
tion. (Revision 1): Volume II. User Manual. Report
for Jun 75-Feb 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
Jack R. McDonald. Jun 78,647p^ SORI-EAS-78-101-
Vol-2,3540-6-VOI-2, EPA/600/7-78/111B
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
See also Volume 1, PB-284 614.
The report gives a comprehensive description of how
to use the computer program which performs the cal-
culations in the mathematical model of electrostatic
precipitation, and instructs in the proper usage of the
model. It describes in detail input and output data as-
sociated with the computer program, and presents the
data in various forms covering trie different uses of the
model. It compares the predictions of the model with
experimental data and discusses the agreement ob-
tained. It describes the various applications of the
model and demonstrates them in detail. It discusses
applications of the model for troubleshooting and
sizing of precipitators, emphasizing throughout the
precautions to be taken in using the model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Mathematical models, 'Manuals,
Performance evaluation, Revisions, Computer pro-
grams, Particle size distribution, Input output routines,
Comparison, Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Utili-
zation.
PB-284 637/6 PC A03/MF A01
Population Exposure to VHF and UHF Broadcast
Radiation In the United States,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Richard A. Tell, and Edwin D. Mantlply. Jun 78,40p*
ORP/EAD-78/5
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-273 188.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been
collecting broadcast signal field intensity data for over
two years to estimate population exposure to this form
of nonionlzing radiation. Measurement data have been
obtained at 373 locations distributed throughout 12
large cities in the U.S. and collectively represent ap-
proximately 11,000 measurements of VHF and UHF
signal field intensities. A computer algorithm has been
developed which uses these data to estimate the
broadcast exposure at some 39,000 census enumera-
tion districts within the metropolitan boundaries of
these 12 cities. A median exposure level (that level to
which half of the population Is exposed greater than) of
0.005 micro W/sq cm time averaged power density
has been determined for the population of the 12 cities
studied, the cumulative population of which represents
18 percent of the total U.S. population. The data also
suggest that approximately 1 percent of the population
studied, or about 380,000, are potentially exposed to
levels greater than 1 micro W/sq cm, the suggested
safety guide for the population in the USSR.
Keywords: 'Very high frequencies, 'Ultrahigh frequen-
cies, 'Radiation effects, 'Health physics, Environmen-
tal surveys, United States, Populations, Exposure,
Radio broadcasting, Models, Estimation, Measure-
ment, Methodology, Data collection, Tables(Data),
Nonionlzing radiation, Environmental health.
December 1983 475
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-284 630/2 PC A04/MF A01
An Analysis of Radlofrequency and Microwave
Absorption Data with Consideration of Thermal
Safety Standards. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, Nev.
Richard A. Tell. Apr 78,56p* ORP/EAD-78/2
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-273 188.
An analysis of existing radiofrequency and microwave
radiation absorption data has been performed to ex-
amine the frequency dependent phenomenon of bio-
logical tissue heating. This analysis restricts itself to
thermal considerations and examines the exposure
field Intensities associated with various levels of RF
and MW induced thermal loading on both the body as
a whole and specific, selectively absorbing tissues in
adult humans and Infants. An underlying absorption
factor of 1W/kg, is used for comparative purposes in
the analysis. A method of specifying safety standard
limits based on the electromagnetic field energy densi-
ty rather than the plane wave, f.ee-space equivalent
power density Is presented. The analysis reveals a par-
ticularly important resonance frequency range, 10
MHz < or = f < or = 1000 MHz, in which RF and MW
absorption may lead to whole body thermal loads sev-
eral times the whole body basal metabolic rate for ex-
posures equal to the present safety standard in use in
the United States. A discussion is developed for appli-
cations of this analysis to occupational environments
and short duration exposure conditions.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Health
physics, 'Radio frequencies, Tissues(Biology), Expo-
sure, Humans, Standards, Safety, Industrial medicine,
Electromagnetic radiation, Absorptlon(Biology), Ana-
lyzing, Public health, Tables(Data), Environmental
hearth, 'Occupational safety and health, Maximum
permissible exposure level, Nonlonizing.
PB-284 652/5 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Microwave Plasma Detoxification Process for
Hazardous Wastes. Phase II. Systems Application
Evaluation. Final rept. for Phase 2, Feb-Jul 77,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Palo Alto,
CalH. Palo Alto Research Lab.
L J. Bailin. Jun 78,33p EPA/600/2-78/080
Contract EPA-68-03-2190
See also report on Phase 1 dated Apr 77, PB-268 526.
This preliminary report has revealed new information
on several highly toxic substances which exist within
the continental U.S. for which there is no satisfactory
means of disposal. They exist In multiple ton quanti-
ties, as well as small centigram batches at a multitude
of locations. They are, specifically, materials In search
of a disposal method, such as the microwave plasma
detoxification process (MWP). These materials which
have been surveyed for suitability in the MWP include
the following exceedingly dangerous compounds and
mixtures: Cancer-causing nitrosamines, vinyl and viny-
lldene chlorides, dioxin-contalning organohalogens,
and aromatic amine compounds which heretofore
have been considered only as oddities, or as being
present only in small quantities; acute-toxlclty organo-
metalllc compounds and heavy metal complexes, such
as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and lead compounds,
derived from industrial processes and pesticides; and
nerve-poisons from military sources, which include or-
ganophosphorus chemicals stock-piled above ground,
and from pesticide wastes which are only slightly less
hazardous.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid wastes,
'Liquid wastes, 'Industrical wastes, Inventories, Sur-
veys, Carcinogens, Nltroso compounds, Amines, Vinyl
chlorides, Dioxanes, Metal containing organic com-
PB-284 668/2 PC A07/MF A01
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) Fuel Use
Report (1974). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Apr 78,128p EPA/450/2-77/031
This report summarizes annual estimates of total con-
sumption of major fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural
gas, gasoline, and dlesel fuel. Estimates of the con-
sumption of a number of other comparatively minor
fuels are also included. The data are distributed ac-
cording to major categories of air pollutant emissions
sources and are reported for the nation as a whole and
for individual states, territories, and the District of Co-
lumbia. The data compilations are obtained from the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Emissions Data System (NEDS). Portions of the NEDS
data are reported to EPA by state agencies under the
provisions of Section 110 of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 51.7.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution, Coal,
Fuel oil, Natural gas, Gasoline, Diesel fuel, Sources,
Data analysis, Tables(Data), 'National Emissions Data
System, Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-284 664/0 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Truck Driving Pattern and Use Survey Phase II -
Final Report, Part I. Final rept.,
Smith (Wilbur) and Associates, Columbia, S.C.
John C. Cosby. Jun 77,314p EPA/460/3-77/009
Contract EPA-68-01-0478
The report covers activities in Part I of Phase II of the
title study, which developed sampling plans and instru-
mental 50 heavy duty trucks In normal operation in
New York City for 172 days, and, similarly, 5 transit
buses for 15 days. Operational profile data included:
engine speed, engine load factors, vehicle speed,
engine temperature, and throttle valve closure. These
data, obtained from sensors Installed and calibrated
with vehicle operating on a chassis dynamometer,
were recorded in digital form at 0.863 second intervals
on magnetic tape cassettes. Recorded data was
edited and certain values translated to engineering
terms using calibration data obtained at time of Instru-
mentation installation. The report describes the sam-
pling plan, instrumentation equipment, calibration
methods, edit procedures, survey vehicle types, and
technical problems encountered and their solutions. A
set of 14 raw data and 14 calibrated, machine-com-
patible tapes were generated which are available sep-
arately from sponsor. Operational use profile data thus
generated was basic input to generation of driving
cycles for emission testing programs in subsequent
program phases by EPA. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Traffic surveys, Urban areas,
Sampling, Data acquisition, Statistical analysis, Com-
puter programs, COBOL, Assembly languages, For-
tran, New York, 'Driving patterns, New York CltyfNew
York).
PB-284 669/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lower Otay Reservoir, San Diego County, Califor-
nia. Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Fob 78,33p WORKING PAPER-754
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lower Otay Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, California, Eu-
trophication, 'Water quality data, San Diego
County(California).
PB-284 670/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Nlcaslo Reservoir, Marln County, California. Final
rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Fob 78,39p WORKING PAPER-753
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev. California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Nicasio Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Marin County(California).
PB-284 671/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Oxbow Reservoir, Baker County, Oregon, and
Adams County, Idaho. Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 78,39p WORKING PAPER-832
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Idaho State
Dept. of Health and Welfare, Boise, and Oregon Na-
tional Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oxbow Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Oregon, Idaho, Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Baker County(Oregon),
Adams County(ldaho).
PB-284 672/3 PC A22/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1977. Volume I. Atlantic Slope Basins,
Hudson River to Cape May. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-
30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Trenton, N.J. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 78,505p USGS/WRD/HD-78/027, USGS/WDR/
NJ-77-1
See also Annual rept. for 1976, PB-272 296.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality in wells and springs. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 66 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 7 stations; stage and con-
tents for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 37
gaging stations, 159 partial-record flow stations, 1 res-
ervoir, and 147 wells; and water levels for 11 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 50 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 45 low-flow partial-record stations.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating state and Federal agencies In New
Jersey.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'New Jersey, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Atlantic
Slope Basins, Hudson River, Cape May, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-284 676/4 PC A2S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Water Recycle/Reuse Alternatives In Coal-Fired
Steam-Electric Power Planta; Volume II. Appen-
dixes. Final rept. Jun 75-Feb 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
James G. Noblett, and Peter G. Christman. Mar 78,
576p EPA/600/7-78/055B
Contract EPA-68-03-2339
See also Volume 1 dated Mar 78, PB-282 211.
The report gives results of an Investigation of water re-
cycle/treatment/reuse alternatives In coal-fired power
plants. Five power plants from representative U.S. re-
476 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gions were studied. The major water systems encoun-
tered were cooling, ash sluicing, and S02/partlculate
scrubbers. Results were used to provide general Im-
plementation plans for the various options Identified.
Computer models were used to Identify the degree of
'•circulation achievable In each water system without
forming scale. The effects of makeup water quality and
various operating parameters were determined for
each water system. Several alternatives for minimizing
water requirements and discharges were studied for
each plant, and rough cost estimates were made for
comparison. An Implementation plan Is presented for
each water system and is divided Into phases, Includ-
ing system characterization, alternative evaluation,
pilot studies, and full-scale Implementation. This
volume presents detailed studies for each plant, plant
selection methodology, laboratory ash sluicing studies,
kinetics for CaC03 and Mg(OH)2 precipitation, and
model descriptions.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water reclama-
tion, Cooling towers, Electric power plants, Industrial
waste treatment, Circulation, Substitutes, Air pollution
control equipment, Scrubbers, Operating costs, Cap-
italized costs, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Laboratory
equipment, Cooling systems, Sulfur dioxide, Particles,
Fly ash, Mathematical models, Calcium oxides, Tech-
nology, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Performance evalu-
ation, Sampling, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Waste
water reuse, Steam power plants, Procedures, Magne-
sium oxide scrubbing.
PB-284 677/2 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Topaz Lake, Douglaa County, Nevada, and Mono
County. California. Final rept. 1977.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Las Vegas, Nev.
Sep 77,42p WORKING PAPER-811
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallls Environmental
Research Lab., Oreg., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
°f the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Topaz Lake, Water qual-
ity. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Nevada, California, Eutrophica-
yon. 'Water quality data, Douglas County(Nevada),
Mono County(Callfornia).
PB-284 682/1 PC A19/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Ap-
plied Science and Research Applications.
Proceedings of the National Conference on Man-
agement of Nitrogen In Irrigated Agriculture, Held
ta Sacramento, California, on May 16-18,1978,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
£ F. Pratt. May 78,444p' NSF/RA-780115
Grants NSF-ENV76-10283, EPA-R-806394-1
The purpose of this conference was to review the com-
prehensive national research effort currently being
Performed In the field of nitrogen management In Irrl-
jjated agriculture. The National Science Foundation,
}ne U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the
university of California's Department of Soli and Envl-
ronmental Sciences Jointly sponsored the conference.
The comprehensive research approach has proven
•uccessful in harmonizing conflicting projects where
economy of production and the protection of environ-
mental quality have come into opposition. The growth
°| Public concern over nitrate pollution of water sup-
PHes has resulted In the government's Increased en-
fouragement, through Federal grants, of the agricul-
'wal.and environmental aspects of soil nitrate re-
search. The diverse research topics presented at the
conference Included nitrogen's role In agricultural pro-
QUctlon, Its relation to water quality, crop utilization, re-
moval by Irrigated crops, nitrate leaching from soils,
economic impacts and methodology, case studies,
mathematical studies, and diagnostic Identification
techniques for nitrogen fertilization.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution,
•Meetings, Water supplies, Conflicts, Production, Agri-
culture, Environmental Impacts, Protection, Grants,
Soil erosion, Runoff, Farm crops, Utilization, Inorganic
nitrates, Leaching, Seepage, Economic impacts,
Ground water, Surface waters, Fertilization, Nitrogen
fixation, Denltrlflcatlon.
PB-284 716/8 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
State-of-the-Art Report: Pesticide Dlapoaal Re-
search,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
Ralph R. Wilkinson, Gary L. Kelso, and Fred C.
Hopkins. Sep 78,247p' EPA/600/2-78/183
Contract EPA-68-03-2527
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of reviewing published and unpublished in-
formation on recent and on-going research and devel-
opment on pesticide disposal or conversion methods.
The methods were categorized according to four ap-
from tissues, excreta, and feed fortified with known
amounts of DNBP. Because of apparent binding or salt
ishly fortified and aged
feed are also presented. Residue levels of DNBP from
formation, methodology for freshly
preaches: Incineration; physical/chemical treatment;
logical methods; and (and disposal. The Information
blolo
was evaluated In terms of the technical data base,
economic cost and environmental impacts, and poten-
tial for disposal of finished formulations by consumers
and for large-scale disposal. Several present and
future 'problematic' pesticides were Identified. Future
research needs were also Identified.
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'Pesticides, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Liquid waste disposal, Combustion, Inciner-
ators, Industrial waste treatment, State of the art, Land
disposal, Physical chemical treatment, Biological In-
dustrial waste treatment.
P8-284 753/1 PC A02/MF A01
Prenatal Effects of Herbicides: Evaluation by the
Prenatal Development Index. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Div.
K. Diane Courtney. 31 Jan 76,15pEPA/600/J-77/124
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxocology, v6 n33 p33-461977.
The herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T and many of the
esters of these compounds produced cleft palates In
CD-1 mice. Sllvax and Agent Orange also produced
cleft palates. Depending on the dose and means of ad-
ministration variable responses relating to the produc-
tion of cleft palates, effect on fetal weight, and effect
on fetal mortality were obtained. In order to view these
data comprehensibly, the Prenatal Development Index
was determined. This Index was computed from the In-
cidence of malformed fetuses, fetal mortality and fetal
body weight. This made it possible to evaluate data
from some experiments with feto-toxlc doses of com-
pounds in which the high incidence of fetal mortality
and consequently low incidence of viable fetuses ob-
scured the response.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
'Prenatal care, Cleft palate, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Chlorine organic compounds, Con-
genital abnormalities, Mortality] Body weight, Evalua-
tion, Responses, IndexesfRatlos), Tables(Data),
Ingestlon(Biolooy), Reprints, Teratogenesls, 'Toxic
substances, *D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic acld/trichloro-
phenoxy, 'T 2-4-5 herbicide, 'Orange defoliant.
PB-284 764/9 PC A02/MF A01
Electron-Capture Qas Chromatographlc Determi-
nation of 2-aeo-Butyl-4,6-dlnltrophenol (DNBP)
Residues In Feed, Tissue and Excreta. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Thomas R. Edgerton, and Robert F. Moseman. 16 Jun
77,6p EPA/600/J-78/024
Pub. In Jnl. Agrlc. and Food Chem., v26 n2 p425-428
1978.
Gas Chromatographlc methods for determining the
herbicide DNBP (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinltrophenol) In
feed, food, urine, feces, and tissues are presented.
After extraction the sample was reacted with dlazo-
methane to produce the methyl ether of DNBP prior to
analysis by electron-capture gas chromatography. An
acid alumina column cleanup was developed to
remove Interferences from the sample extracts. Aver-
age recoveries of greater than 85% were obtained
rats fed at two feeding levels are also presented.
Keywords: Pesticides, Herbicides, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Tissues(Blology), Gas chromatography, Resi-
dues, Chemical analysis, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Excretion, Methodology, Hydrolysis,
Tables(Data), Urine, Liver, Blood, Brain, Experimental
data, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues, 'DNBP herbicide,
Phenol/butyl-dlnltro, Adipose tissue.
PB-284 766/6 PC A02/MF A01
Endrln and Malathlon Toxlclty to Flagflah (Jordan-
tils florldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Roger O. Hermanutz. 8 Mar 77,11 p EPA/600/J-78/
018
Pub. In Jnl. Arch. Envlronm. Contam. Toxlcol., n7
P159-1881978.
Endrln and malathlon effects on survival, growth, and
reproduction of flagflsh were determined in a flow-
through system. Endrln chronic effects on first-genera-
tion growth and reproduction occurred only at 0.3 ml-
crogram/l, the highest concentration tested. The
mean endrln residues In the first-generation fish at 65
days were about 15,000 times the water concentration
In all concentrations tested. Malathlon concentrations
of 31.5 mlcrogram/l and 24,7 mlcrogram/l, the highest
concentrations tested, had detrimental effects on first-
generation survival. During the same period malathlon
concentrations as low as 10.9 mlcrogram/l significant-
ly affected growth. Neither Insecticide, at the concen-
trations tested, had any detectable effects on the
second generation during a 30-day exposure period.
Acute toxlcltles to juvenile fish were also determined In
the same flow-through system. The 96-hr LCSO's were
0.85 mlcrogram/l for endrln and 349 mlcrogram/l for
malathlon.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, 'Endrln, 'Pesticides,
'Malathlon, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Fresh water
fishes, Toxlclty, Water pollution, Survival, Growth,
Reproductlon(Blology), Life cycles, Sensitivity, Experi-
mental data, ConcentratlomCompoaltlon), Reprints,
Jordanella florldae, Flagflsh, 'Toxic substances,
•Water pollution effects(Anlmals), Pesticide residues.
PB-284 766/4 PC A02/MF A01
Survival and Reproduction of 'Qammsrus lacus-
trls and 0. paeudollmnaeus' Under Two Experi-
mental Conditions. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Barbara J. Halligan, and John G. Eaton. 25 Jan 78,5p
EPA/600/J-78/027
Pub. in Jnl. Prog. Fish-Cult, v40 n2 p59-62 Apr 78.
Life-cycle tests on the survival and reproduction of the
amphlpods Gammarus lacustrls and G. pseudollm-
naeus were conducted under two nontoxicant experi-
mental conditions: with several amphlpods per tank
and with Individual pairs per tank. Juvenile and adult
survival of the two species was similar with several am-
phlpods per tank, but was higher for G. lacustrls
among the reproducing Individual pairs. In the multiple-
animal tanks G. lacustrls females had larger broods
than did G. pseudollmnaeus females and both species
produced more young per female and more broods per
female than in the tanks with individual pairs. Our re-
sults indicate that these amphlpods may be reared
more successfully with several animals per tank than
with only two. Of the two species, G. lacustrls may be
preferred for use In chronic toxlcity tests because of Its
greater fecundity, larger size, and wider distribution.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Laboratory animals, Life
cycles, Survival, Reproductlon(Blology), Experimental
data, Toxicology, Experimental design, Amphlpoda,
Reprints, 'Gammarus lacustrls, 'Gammarus pseudo-
llmnaeus.
PB-264 767/2 PC A02/MF A01
Distribution of 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxyacetlc Acid
In the Mouse Fetus. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Experimental Biology Div.
K. D. Courtney, M. T. Brown, and A. W. Tucker. 19 May
77.7p EPA/600/J-77/125
December 1983 477
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, vl p103-108.
The herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-
T) readily crosses the placenta in the mouse on gesta-
tlonal day 13. Concentrations of 2,4,5-T in maternal tis-
sues ana fetuses were obvious at 30 min., highest at 8
h, diminished by 24 h and almost entirely eliminated by
48 h. Autoradiographs of the whole fetus showed that
initially 2,4,5-T was mainly in the highly vascularized
tissues such as liver followed by the skin, eyes and
ventricles of the brain. At 48 h, there was a general dis-
tribution of 2,4,5-T in the skeletal muscles. None was
detected in the palate. The excretion rate in the mouse
was approximately 60 micrograms/h; about 52% of
the dose was recovered unchanged in the urine In 24
h.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology, Pa-
thology, Tables(Data), Chlorine organic compounds,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Excre-
tion, Urine, Concentration(Composition),
Tlssues(Biology), Autoradiography, Brain, Liver,
Eye(Anatomy), Distribution, Muscles, Skin(Anatomy),
Reprints, Fetus, *T 2-4-5 herbicide, Acetic acid/trich-
lorophenoxy, 'Toxic substances, Pesticide residues.
PB-284 758/0 PC A02/MF A01
Infection of the European Chafer, 'Amphlmallon
majalis' by 'Bacillus popllllae': infrastructure. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
C. Y. Kawanishi, C. M. Splittstoesser, and H. Tashiro. 3
May 77,14p EPA/600/J-78/020
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Geneva. Pub. in Jnl. of Inver-
tebrate Pathology, v31 p91-1021978.
Electron microscopical studies indicate that midgut al-
terations observed in larval Amphimallon majalis
during Bacillus popilliae invasion were due to infection
of epithelium, wound repair, and hemocytic encapsula-
tion. Hemocytes bearing angular cytoplasmic granules
formed the capsule which adhered to the basal lamina
subjacent to the mesenteronic lesion. Exocytosis of
hemocyte granules Into bacilli-containing endocytic in-
vaginations of plasma membranes and vacuoles was
observed. These hemocytes as well as mesenteronic
cells exhibited bactericidal capabilities.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Bacteria, Spores, Pathology,
Larvae, Bactericldes, Electron microscopy, European
chafer, 'Amphimallon majalis, 'Bacillus popilliae, He-
mocytes, Reprints, Infections.
PB-2B4 759/8 PC A02/MF A01
Improving Sludge Incineration and Vacuum Filtra-
tion with Pulverized Coal. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Steven W. Hathaway, and Robert A. Olexsey. Dec 77,
13p EPA/600/J-77/127
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v49
p2419-2430.
The research was aimed at improving the filtration and
Incineration characteristics of primary activated sludge
by the addition of pulverized coal prior to the dewater-
Ing step. Various doses of coal were added to the
sludge in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 kg coal/kg dry sludge
solids. The results showed dramatic improvements in
cake solids content and heat value of the dewatered
sludge cake. At a coal dose of about 0.11 kg coal/kg
dry sludge solids, the moisture content and the heat
value of solids In the cake were balanced to permit au-
togenous combustion. The filter yield (corrected for
chemicals and coal) was increased slightly at the coal
dose required for autogenous combustion.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sludge dispos-
al, Sewage treatment, Dewatering, Incinerators, Per-
formance evaluation, Pulverized fuels, Coal, Cost anal-
ysis, Additives, Filtration, Reprints.
PB-284 760/6 PC A02/MF A01
Noxious Trace Qase* In the Air. Part I. Photoche-
mical Smog. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Phflip L Hanst. Feb 78,10p EPA/600/J-78/032
Pub. In Chemistry, v51 n1 p8-15 Jan/Feb 78.
An outline of the photochemical smog problem is pre-
sented, with emphasis on the chemical reactions
taking place in the polluted air. The chemistry is dis-
cussed in terms of (1) the organic pollutants, such as
hydrocarbons, (2) the nitrogen containing pollutants,
such as nitrogen dioxide, and (3) the interaction of
these two families of pollutants with the production of
noxious by-products, such as ozone and participate
matter. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Smog, Photochemistry,
Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Chemical reactions, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Photo-
chemical oxidants, Reprints.
PB-284 761/4 PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
W. A. Brungs, R. W. Carlson, W. B. Horning, II, J. H.
McCormick, and R. L. Spehar. Jun 78,57p EPA/600/
J-78/031
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v50 n6
p1582-1637. See also report dated 1977, PB-271 768.
An extensive review of 338 references on the effects
of pollution on freshwater fish covering 1976-1977 is
presented. These references cover: Reviews and sym-
posia, dissolved gases, pH, insecticides, herbicides,
piscicides and anesthetics, inorganics, organics, chlo-
rine and wastewater, pulp and paper, radioactive and
physical factors.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water pollution,
'Toxic tolerances, Reviews, Pesticides, Dissolved
gases, pH, Insecticides, Herbicides, Radioactivity,
Metals, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Tolerances(Physiology), Tables(Data), Reprints,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-284 762/2 PC A02/MF A01
Teratology Study of Pentachlorobenzene In Mice:
No Teratogenlc Effect at 50 or 100 mg/kg/Day
from Day 6 to Day IS of Gestation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, and M. T. Ebron. 22 Nov
77,3p EPA/600/J-77/123
Pub. in IRCS Med. Sci.: Libr. Compend., v5 p587.
The study was undertaken to evaluate the teratogenic
potential of pentaclorobenzene in CD-1 mice. There
was no significant difference in the maternal weight
gain of the mice receiving pentachlorobenzene com-
pared to those receiving corn oil. However, there was a
significant increase In the liver weight and the liver to
body weight ratio of the treated mice compared to the
control mice. Pentachlorobenzene had no adverse
effect on fetal development or viability as shown by the
number of live fetuses, fetal weight and lack of abnor-
mal fetuses. The single cleft palate observed in the
group receiving the 50 mg/kg dose within the normal
incidence for this strain of mouse. Thus, pentachloro-
benzene was not teratogenic In the CD-1 mouse at 50
or 100 mg/kg/day administered orally from day 6
through 15 of gestation.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Experimental data, Laboratory
animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Tables(Data),
Mice, Body weight, Liver, Cleft palate, Mutations, Re-
prints, 'Teratogenesis, 'Benzene/pentachloro, Fetus,
'Toxic substances.
PB-284 763/0 PC A02/MF A01
Metal Toxicity to Embryos and Larvae of Eight
Species of Freshwater Flsh-ll: Copper. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
J. M. McKim, J. G. Eaton, and G. W. Holcombe. 1978,
10p EPA/600/ J-78/017
Pub. in Jnl. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., v19
D608-616.
Fish larvae and early juveniles of all species tested
(brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, lake trout,
northern pike, white sucker, herring and smallmouth
bass) were more sensitive to copper than the embryos.
Embryo survival was affected only at the higher con-
centrations tested, for all species except the rainbow
trout. The concentrations of copper that caused signifi-
cant effects on the larval standing crop were similar for
all species (31.7-43.5 micrograms Cu/l) except the
northern pike, which seemed to be considerably more
resistant (104.1 micrograms Cu/l). Copper concentra-
tions shown to have no significant effects on the early
developmental stages of these species are considered
close estimates of the copper concentrations that
would have no measurable adverse effects during a
complete life cycle toxicity test under similar test con-
ditions.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, 'Copper,
Fresh water fishes, Larvae, Toxicity, Bioassay, Em-
bryos, Survival, Concentration(Composition), Life
cycles, Tables(Data), Reprints, Heavy metals, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB-284 764/8 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Ozone on Human Immunity: In vitro
Responsiveness of Lymphocytes to Pnytohem-
magglutlnln. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
Mirzda L. Peterson, Nicholas Rummo, Dennis House,
and Shirley Harder. 15 Mar 76,7p* EPA/600/J-78/
025
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v33 n2 p59-
63 Mar/Apr 78.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 human subjects
exposed to 784 micrograms cu m ozone for 4 hours,
and from 11 subjects exposed to clean air for the same
length of time were studied for in vitro responsiveness
to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Thymus-derived (T) lym-
phocyte response to PHA (normal response is prolif-
eration of lymphocytes) was significantly suppressed
(P<.01) in samples obtained immediately after sub-
jects' exposure to ozone. Recovery of response oc-
curred 2 weeks postexposure. Responses were un-
changed in subjects exposed to clean air. The signifi-
cance of the suppression of T-cell response noted in
this study is that (1) if continuous exposures to ozone
are shown to induce an immunosuppressed state for a
significant time period, an important factor in carcino-
genesis might be elucidated; (2) immunosuppression
may cause a progression of an already present tumor;
(3) immunosuppression may enable endogenous
latent infection such as tuberculosis to reactivate; and
(4) immunosuppression may explain in part the rela-
tionship between chronic oxidant air pollution and in-
fluenza-like illnesses in population.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Immunity, 'Toxicology, Humans,
Lymphocytes, Blood cells, Exposure, In vitro analysis,
Responses, Air pollution, Physiological effects, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Plant agglutlnlns, Immuno-
suppression, Environmental health, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB-284 786/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Epidemiology Studies: Bibliography, Health Ef-
fects of Arsenic. Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Robert J. Carton, and F. Irene Williamson. May 77,
106p* EPA/560/6-77/014
Contract EPA-68-01-2490
See also report dated Jul 73, ORNL-EIS-73-16.
The bibliography was compiled during Investigations to
identify biological parameters that could be used In the
assessment of the health effects of community expo-
sure to arsenic. References were obtained from many
sources up to 1977 for the health effects of arsenic
and relevant references on the environmental and
other affects. Under seven major specific headings are
listed over 1,000 separate literature citations. The bib-
liographic citations, not annotated, are arranged in al-
phabetical order by the name of the senior author and
anonymous articles are listed in alphabetical order by
the first word in the title. To allow tor quick reference,
the citations have been itemized Into the seven major
specific topic headings.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Arsenic, 'Toxicology,
'Bibliographies, Pesticides, Herbicides, Assessments,
Communities, Exposure, Public health, Manufacturing,
Regulations, Malignant neoplasms, Industrial medi-
cine, Animals, Fishes, Foreign countries, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Food, 'Occupational safety and
health, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental effects,
Analytical methods, Cancer, Carclnogenesis, Terato-
genesla, Mutagenesls.
478 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-284 801/8 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Toxic Effects of DDT Food and Water
Exposure on Fathead Minnow* 'Plmephalea pro-
melas'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
A. W. Jarvinen, M. J. Hoffman, and T. W. Thorslund.
1977,16pEPA/600/J-77/117
Pub. in Jnl. of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
V34,p2089-2103,1977.
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were ex-
posed during a partial chronic toxicity test to two DDT
concentrations in the water, one in the diet, and combi-
nations of water and diet for 266 days through a repro-
ductive period of their life cycle. Tissue residue analy-
ses were performed at preset intervals throughout the
exposure and also on embryos, larvae at hatch, and
30- and 60-day progeny. The contribution of DDT from
each source was monitored with gas chromatography
and liquid-scintillation techniques. The fish were fed a
diet of clams that had accumulated 14C-DDT when ex-
posed at a DDT water concentration similar to that In
the high fish exposure. Higher total DDT tissue resi-
dues were accumulated from the water than diet. Resi-
dues contributed by dietary DDT were additive to those
from the water. Mean concentration factors were 1.2
for the diet and 100,000 for the water. Fish exposed to
DDT in both water and diet had higher mortality rates
than those exposed to only one or the other of these
sources. DDT in the diet significantly reduced the prob-
ability of survival of the test fish (P = 0.025).
Keywords: 'Minnows, "Fishes, 'Toxicology, *DDT,
'Pesticides, Exposure, Diets,
Concentration(Composition), Tissues(Biology), Resi-
dues, Bioassay, Experimental data, Fresh water fishes,
Embryos, Larvae, Food, Clams, Food chains, Carbon
14, Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, 'Toxic
substances, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Pesti-
cide residues, Bioaccumulatlon.
PB-284 804/2 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emis-
sions from Stationary Sources.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tex.
May 78, 579p* EPA/450/2-78/022
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
Supersedes PB-190 268.
This document is the prescribed revision, incorporating
new information concerning control of hydrocarbons
and other vapor phase organlcs which contribute to
(he formation of oxldants. This document is Intended
primarily as a general reference for state and local air
pollution control engineers. It can be used to provide:
basic Information on sources of oxldant precursors
and control of these sources, estimates of control
costs, and estimates of emission reductions achiev-
able through control application. The Information in-
cluded in this document is restricted to stationary
sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Hydrocarbons, Fibers, Dry cleaning, Trends,
technology, Cost analysis, Incinerators, Capitalized
costs, Adsorption, Food industry, Coking, Drugs, Elas-
Jorners, Absorption, Condensation, Flaring(Shaplng),
industrial wastes, Petroleum Industry, Chemical indus-
JV, Paints, Polymers, Cargo transportation, Solvents,
£ources, Refineries, Crude oil, Gas, Storage tanks,
JfOatings, Textile industry, Decreasing, Asphalt, 'Sta-
tionary sources, Fugitive emissions, Volatile organic
compounds.
£8-284 824/0 PC A06/MF A01
Application of Sludges and Wastewater on Agri-
cultural Land: A Planning and Education Qulde.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Bernard D. Knezek, and Robert H. Miller. Mar 78,
>03p' EPA/MCD-35
Also available as North Central Regional Research
Deject Pub-235.
The report addresses the application of agricultural
Processing wastes, Industrial and municipal wastes
P-Jj. sludges and wastewaters) on agricultural land as
°°>n a waste management and resource recovery and
[•use practice. The document emphasizes the 'treat-
roent' and beneficial utilization of sludge and
wastewater as opposed to waste disposal. These ob-
jectives are achieved through incorporation into well-
designed and operated agricultural production sys-
tems in ways that are compatible with maintaining the
soil's normal viability and productivity. Waste charac-
terization, crop selection and management, site selec-
tion, management and monitoring are addressed in a
manner designed to lead readers logically through the
decision making process.
Keywords: 'Sludge, 'Education, 'Waste water reuse,
'Farms, 'Water pollution control, Agriculture, Decision
making, Food processing, Industrial wastes, Municipal-
ities, Economic factors, Soil fertility, Viability, Produc-
tion, Farm crops, Site surveys, Farm management,
Planning, Public health, Acceptability,
Law(Jurlsprudence), 'Land application, Sludge utiliza-
tion, Guides.
PB-284 828/1 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluating and Optimizing Electron Microscope
Method* for Characterizing Airborne Asbestos.
Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 77,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
A. V. Samudra, F. C. Bock, C. F. Harwood, and J. D.
Stockham. Jun 78,198p EPA/600/2-78/038
Contract EPA-68-02-2251
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-276 481.
Evaluation of EM methods for measuring airborne as-
bestos fiber concentrations and size distributions was
carried out by studying a large number of variables and
subprocedures in a five-phase program using elabo-
rate statistically designed experiments. Observations
were analyzed by advanced regression techniques to
evaluate the effects of Independent variables and sub-
procedures. It was shown that the optimized method
for estimating airborne chrysotlle should have the fol-
lowing features: (a) collecting an air sample on Nucle-
pore filter; (b) coating the Nuclepore filter with carbon;
(c) transferring the paniculate deposit to a 200-mesh
electron microscope grid using chloroform in a modi-
fied Jaffe-wick washer; (d) examining the grid at about
10,000 x magnification (20,000 x for counting very fine
fibers); (e) counting fibers using a field of view method;
and (f) identifying the type of asbestos from morphol-
ogy and selected area electron diffraction. A provision-
al manual of instructions was prepared (PB-276 481)
and six independent laboratories participated In an In-
terlaboratory test of the proposed method using two air
samples. One of these was prepared at IITRI from pure
aerosolized UICC chrysolite, and the other was an am-
bient air sample collected by IITRI personnel In a fac-
tory processing asbestos. Intercomparison of the re-
sults from the separate laboratories yielded some pre-
liminary estimates of the precision and accuracy of the
provisional method.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Electron microscopy, Electron
diffraction, Air pollution, Sampling, Performance evalu-
ation, Gas analysis, Graphs, Chemical analysis, Re-
gression analysis, Particle size distributions, Chemical
Scanning electron microscopy, Chrysotlle, Proce-
dures.
PB-284 837/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo,
Wilson Reservoir, Elko County, Nevada. Final rept.
tor 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis. Oreg.
Sep 77,4Sp WORKING PAPER-816
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nov., Nevada Envi-
ronmental Protection Service, Carson City, and
Nevada National Guard, Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Wilson Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Nevada, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Elko County(Nevada).
PB-284 843/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Colo.
Region VIII.
Field Testing and Adaptation of a Methodology to
Measure 'In-Stream' Values In the Tongue River,
Northern Great Plains (NQP) Region -Executive
Summary. Final rept.,
Montana Univ., Missoula. Dept. of Geology.
Ken Bovee, James Gore, and Arnold Silverman. Apr
78,35p EPA/908/4-78/004B
Contract EPA-68-01-2653
See also Part A dated Apr 78, PB-283 889.
A comprehensive, multi-component In-stream flow
methodology was developed and field tested in the
Tongue River in southeastern Montana. The method-
ology Incorporates a sensitivity for the flow require-
ments of a wide variety of in-stream uses, and the flexi-
bility to accommodate seasonal and subseasonal
changes in the flow requirements for different uses. In-
stream flow requirements were determined by additive
independent methodologies developed for: (1) Fisher-
ies-Including spawning, rearing and food production;
(2) sediment transport; (3) mitigation of adverse im-
pacts of ice; and (4) evapotranspiratlon losses. Con-
sideration of a single in-stream flow requirement Is In-
adequate since flow requirements for each use varied
throughout the year. The methodology can be an ef-
fective water management tool.
Keywords: 'Stream flow, 'Fishes, 'Tongue River,
'Field tests, Hydrology, Sediment transport, Hydrol-
ogy, Benthos, Evapotranspiratlon, Aquatic biology,
Flow rate, Feeding stuffs, Ice, Requirements, Mon-
tana, Seasonal variations, Great Plains Reglon(Unlted
States), Water management(Admlnistrative).
PB-284 844/8 PC A02/MF A01
Interagency Energy/Environment R and D Pro-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Steve Stryker, and Bob Spewak. Mar 77,23p EPA/
800/7-77/007
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-257129.
This report presents the key issues and findings of the
17-agency Federal Interagency Energy/Environment
Research and Development In a format designed for
the lay public. It discusses major energy/environment
technical Issues.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Pollution, 'Energy
technology, Coal, Energy Source development, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Environmental impacts, Na-
tional government, 'Environmental Protection Agency.
PB-284 880/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory Inter-
comparison Studies Program, 1978-1979. Interim
rept.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev. Quality Assurance Branch.
Jun 78,27p EPA/600/4-78/032
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-263 900.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Intercom-
parison studies program for laboratories involved in
environmental radiation measurements Is described.
The types of environmental samples distributed, the
analyses required for each sample, the distribution
schedule, and the statistical analysis and reporting of
results are discussed. Instructions and application
forms are Included for laboratories desiring to partici-
pate In the program. This document is not a research
report. It Is designed for use by laboratories participat-
ing or desiring to participate in the quality assurance
program.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Radioactive contami-
nants, 'Manuals, Samples, Chemical analysis, Statisti-
cal analysis, Quality control, Data analysis.
PB-284 857/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Changes from Long-Term Land
Applications of Municipal Effluents. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Municipal Construction Dlv.
T. D. Hlnesly, R. L Thomas, and R. G. Stevens. Mar
78,39p EPA/430/9-78/003, EPA/MCD-26
December 1983 479
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Soil and plant samples were collected at Bakersfleld,
California, and Lubbock, Texas, from fields where
sewage had been used for crop Irrigation. The fields at
Bakersfleld had been Irrigated with raw sewage for
about 10 years followed by Irrigation with primary efflu-
ent for at least 35 years. The fields at Lubbock had
been Irrigated for 6, 19, or 38 years with treatment
plant effluent. The results of the Investigations at these
locations show that crop production has been In-
creased by the use of municipal effluents as opposed
to use of fresh water and commercial fertilizers. There
was no Indication that crop quality or soil physical
properties had been adversely affected by the long-
term effluent Irrigation practices.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment, Soils, Plants(Botany),
Sewage disposal, Sludge disposal, Comparison, Phos-
phorus, Farm crops, Municipalities, Metals, Nitrogen,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Ground water, Seepage,
Sites, Plant growth, Winter, Texas, California, land
application, LubbockfTexas), Sewage Irrigation,
Bakersfield(Callfornla), Raw sewage.
PB-284 869/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Investigation of Matrix Interferencis for AA3
Trace Metal Analyses of Sediments,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, La.
Mary M. McKown, Charles R. Tschrin, and Patty P. F.
Lee. May 78,140p EPA/600/7-78/08S
Grant EPA-R-804317-01
The research was Initiated with the overall objective of
developing reliable, cost-effective methods utilizing
flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the
trace elemental analysis of soil and sediment samples
containing complex matrices. The soil sample matrix
studied consisted of more than 0.1 percent aluminum
and Iron; the sediment sample matrix contained more
than 0.1 percent aluminum and Iron plus lesser quanti-
ties of calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphate
and potassium. Conventional flame AAS methods
were found to produce accurate results for the analy-
ses of cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and
zinc In these matrices. The barium, calcium, strontium
and vanadium content of these samples could not be
accurately determined by conventional flame AAS
techniques. However, reliable results were obtained
using appropriate flame types with the addition of
lanthanum and/or an easily ionlzable alkali salt to all
samples and standards.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Soil analysis, 'Sedi-
ments, 'Environmental surveys, Trace elements,
Metals, Samples, Sites, Laboratory equipment, Quality
control, Cobalt, Potassium, Inorganic phosphates,
Manganese, Tables(Oata),
Concentration(Compo8ition), Monitoring, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Lead(Metal),
Nickel, Zinc, Barium, Strontium, Vanadium, 'Flame
atomic absorption spectrometry.
PB-284 866/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Dispersion of Pollutants Near Highways • Experi-
mental Design and Data Acquisition Procedures.
Interim rept. Sep 75-Mar 77,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
S. Trivikrama Rao, Marsden Chen, Michael Keenan,
Gopal Slstla, and Ramam Peddada. Jun 7B, 66p EPA/
600/4-78/037
Grants EPA-R-803881-01, EPA-R-804578-01
The major emphasis of this Investigation centered on
the collection of paniculate and gaseous pollutant
data, and detailed mlcrometeorological data In a non-
urban setting adjacent to the heavily travelled Long
Island Expressway. The purposes for collecting the
data were to (1) document the distribution of sulfate,
lead, total particulates and carbon monoxide at an
array of sampling points adjacent to the highway; (2)
study the mlcrometeorology associated with the high-
way, with special attention to those parameters Impor-
tant in the determination of atmospheric dispersion, (3)
reevaluate highway air pollutant emission factors from
data gathered in tracer gas experiments; and (5) exam-
ine the applicability of existing highway air pollutant
dispersion models. The location of the sites and the
experimental setup for collecting pollutant data are de-
scribed, and details of the data acquisition procedures
are presented.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Data
acquisition, Highways, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Sulfates, LeaoXMetals), Particles, Carbon monoxide,
Atmospheric diffusion, Laboratory equipment, Sulfur
hexafluorlde, *Alr pollution detection, Air pollution
sampling, Tracer studies, Procedures.
PB-284 871/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio, wastewater Research Dlv.
Dissolved Oxygen Meaaurements In Indiana
Streams During Urban Runoff. Final rept. 28 Mar-30
Sep 77,
Notre Dame Univ., Ind. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Lloyd H. Ketchum, Jr. Aug 78, 79p EPA/600/2-78/135
Grant EPA-R-805202-01
This short term research project was undertaken for
the purpose of locating and Identifying sites where po-
tential dissolved oxygen (D.O.) Impacts exist during
periods of urban runoff, and providing the necessary
information to justify more extensive D.O. model verifi-
cation studies at the Impacted sites. Since there are
little available field data on the effects of urban runoff
on D.O. In receiving waters, this study was designed as
a rough screening project to aid In selecting sites for
potential In-depth study. Twenty-five cities located In
the state of Indiana were evaluated and D.O. meas-
urements reported for nine of the sites though to be
most suitable for further monitoring. The project sam-
pling program was designed to detect significant D.O.
deficits in these streams during periods of rainfall and
runoff.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Oxygen, 'Urban areas, 'Stream
pollution, 'Combined sewers, Dissolved gases, Sites,
Measurement, Weather, Drying, Measurement, Rain-
fall intensity, Environmental impacts, Evaluation, Indi-
ana, 'Urban hydrology.
PB-284 803/2 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Study of Activated Sludge Separation by Dynamic
Straining. Final rept. May-Dec 74,
FMC Corp., Itasca, III. Environmental Equipment Dlv.
James Dumanowskl, and An/Id Strom. Jun 78,64p
EPA/600/2-78/070
Contract EPA-68-03-0427
See also report dated 1972/73, PB-242 828.
Pilot plant studies were conducted on domestic
wastewater to determine the feasibility of replacing or
augmenting conventional activated sludge gravitation-
al clarlfiers by dynamic straining. This work was a con-
tinuation of the successful program accomplished
under EPA report numbered PB-242 848. In the prior
program, two dynamic strainers In series were em-
ployed. In this program, less expensive techniques for
polishing the primary strainer effluent were investigat-
ed. Phase I covered pilot operations with the strainer In
the aeration tank of an activated sludge plant produc-
ing a nitrified effluent. Phase II involved a non-nitrified
effluent. In both phases, upflow and downflow sand fil-
tration, settling, and flocculation-settllng of the strainer
effluent were Investigated. Phase I flows were low but
correlated well with the previous studies of strainer op-
erating variables. Strainer effluent averaged 35 mg/l
suspended solids with mixed liquor suspended solids
(MLSS) of 8800 mg/l. The upflow and downflow sand
filters, operating on strainer effluent, produced ef-
fluents of 8 and 3 mg/l suspended solids, respectively.
Phase II, which called for high flows and high BOD
loadings, was plagued with an intense growth of fila-
mentous microorganisms, foaming, and development
of a 'syrupy' mixed liquor. Proper strainer throughputs
could not be maintained. Flow rates were not repro-
ducible and did not correlate with prior work.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Strainers, Pilot plants, Clarification, Feasibility,
Sand filtration, Flocculatlon, Performance evaluation,
Particle sizes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Separa-
tion, Design criteria, Equipment, Process charting,
'Dynamic straining.
PB-284 904/0 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Reaplrable Particles and Mists In Mouae Pulmo-
nary Infectlvlty Model. Effect of Chronic or Inter-
mittent Exposure,
I IT Research Inst., Chicago, III.
Jeannle N. Bradof, James D. Renters, and Richard
Ehrllch. May 78,94p EPA/600/1-78/036
Contract EPA-68-02-1717
The effects of resplrable-slzed sulfurlc acid mist or
mixtures containing acid mist and carbon particles (A-
C) on the susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory
Infection were studied In mice and hamsters. Both spe-
cies showed mortalities upon single 3-hour exposure
to 600 mg/cu m but not 400 mg/cu m acid mist. Scan-
ning electron microscopic examination Indicated that
the most severe changes, Including emphysemlc-llke
areas In alveoli, were found after five dally 3-hour ex-
posures to 200 mg/cu m A-C. Significantly Increased
mortality and decreased bacterial clearance from
lungs were also observed In mice challenged with
Streptococcus sp. Significantly Increased mortality
and pulmonary consolidation, with concomitant de-
creased survival time, occurred In mice challenged
with Influenza virus aerosol and exposed to 50 mg/cu
m A-C, 3 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Depressed
secondary immune responses, as measured by serum
antibody levels, were observed In various groups of
vaccinated mice exposed to pollutant. The effects of
long-term exposure to mixtures of approximately 1.4
mg/cu m sulfurlc acid mist and 1.5 mg/cu m carbon
particles as well as carbon only were determined. Sig-
nificant alterations of Immunoglobulin concentration,
depression of primary antibody response In spleen
cells and decreased resistance to respiratory infection
as measured by mortality, survival time, and pulmonary
consolidation after 20 weeks of exposure were evi-
dent.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Respiratory Infections, 'Immuni-
ty, 'Toxicology, 'Sulfuric acid, Mice, Hamsters, Labo-
ratory animals, Experimental data, Exposure, Anti-
bodies, Resistance, Tables(Data), Histology, Pathol-
ogy, Bacterial diseases, Viral diseases, Lethal dosage,
Bloassay, Concentration(Cornposltlon), Mist, Lung,
Streptococcus, Mortality, Environmental health,
Animal models, Immunogloblns, *Alr pollution
effects(Anlmals), 'Toxic substances, Hlstopathology.
PB-284 905/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Dlv.
Analyals of Meteorological Condition* During the
1977 Anelote Keys Plume Study. Final rept. Fob-
Nov77,
Environmental Quality Research, Inc., Clayton, Mo.
L. Hull, W. Dannevlk, and R. Woodford. Juf 78,70p
EPA/600/7-78/117
Contract EPA-68-02-2500
Meteorological conditions are described and analyzed
for nine experimental observation periods of the An-
clote Keys Plume Study, which was conducted near
Tampa, Florida during February 1977. The primary ob-
jective of the Plume Study was to Investigate both the
short and long range transport of power plant plumes
and the formation rate of sulfate in a marine environ-
ment. The forecasting center, radiosonde, pilot bal-
loon, and tethersonde systems are also described,
and the data acquisition schedules are Included. Raw
pilot balloon and tethersonde observations and the de-
rived wind fields are not Included, but are available
from the authors.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Electric power plants,
"Plumes, Transport properties, Ocean atmosphere,
Sulfate, Aerial surveys, Combustion products, Industri-
al wastes, Forecasting, Data acquisition,
Wlnd(Meteorology), Florida, Sampling,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Anelote Keys(Florida),
'Air pollution sampling, Path of pollutants.
PB-284 925/5 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Separation of Algal Cell* from Wa*t*w*t«r
Lagoon Effluent*. Volume I. Intermittent Sand Fil-
tration to Upgrade Waste Stabilization Lagoon Ef-
fluent. Final rept. 1973-1977,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
Steven E. Harris, D. S. Flllp, James H. Reynolds, and
E. Joe Mlddlebrooks. Jun 76,194p EPA/600/2-78/
033
480 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-0281
A project to evaluate the performance characteristics
of the intermittent sand filter for polishing lagoon ef-
fluents was conducted. Techniques described In the
literature lor summer and winter operation were ap-
plied to determine If filter effluents would consistently
meet PL 92-500 requirements. It was found that efflu-
ent quality is affected by temperature and hydraulic
loading rate variations, but that effluents meet very
stringent water quality standards. Effluent values of
less than 10 mg/l BOD5,10 mg/l SS and 5 mg/l VSS
were consistently met. Organic nitrogen conversion
and excellent nitrification were also found to take
place within the filters. It was concluded that the inter-
mittent sand filter is an Ideal process for upgrading
lagoon effluents.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Algae, "Sand filtration, 'Sewage treatment, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Solids,
Concentration(Composition), Separation, Graphs, Pro-
cedures, Water quality, Chemical oxygen demand,
Suspended solids.
PB-284 927/1 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Detoxification of Navy Red Dy« by Microwave
Plasma. Summary Report. Report on Phase 2, Aug
76-Jun 77,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Palo Alto,
Calif. Palo Alto Research Lab.
Lionel J. Bailin. Jun 78,34p EPA/600/2-7B/081
Contract EPA-68-03-2190
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-268 526.
The process of microwave plasma detoxification has
been applied successfully to the destruction/disposal
of a U.S. Navy red dye pyrotechnic smoke mixture. The
mixture was added as a powder, a solvent solution,
and a water slurry. Material balance for detoxification
of the slurry indicated that less than 0.20 percent
solids were found beyond the reaction zone, or 99.8+
Percent conversion to gaseous products. Analysis by
spectrophotometry in the visible region indicated little
or no dye starting materials (less than 5 ppm) in the
residue. Ultraviolet fluorescence, UV spectrophoto-
fetry, and gas chromotography/mass spectrometry
indicated the presence of less than 2 ppm carcinogen-
's polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Since PAH has
J**n found in air oxidation products derived from
Jnese materials, a significant advantage would appear
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Federal Test Procedure and Short Test Correla-
tion Analyses. Final rept..
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Mobile Systems
Group.
M. G. Hinton, J. C. Thacker, and W. B. Lee. Apr 76,
275p ATR-76(7353)-1, EPA/460/3-76/011
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
A series of statistical analyses was performed to deter-
mine the degree of 'correlation' that exists between
five specific short tests (STs) and the federal emission
certification test procedure (FTP) for new vehicles.
This work was performed to determine if 'reasonable
correlation with certification test procedures' exists;
this is a condition precedent to the promulgation of
regulations that impose the in-use warranty provisions
of Sec. 207 (b) of the Clean Air Act of 1970 upon the
motor vehicle manufacturers. The basis for the analy-
ses was ST and FTP tec,t data from three vehicle
fleets: (a) a catalyst-equipped experimental vehicle
fleet (40 vehicles), (b) an in-use 1974 model year vehi-
cle fleet (147 vehicles), and (c) a catalyst-equipped
defect test fleet (5 vehicles). Each of the vehicles in
these fleets was tested by the FTP and the following
STs: (a) Federal Short Cycle, (b) New York/New
Jersey (NY/NJ) Composite, (c) Clayton Key Mode, (d)
Federal Three-Mode, and (e) Unloaded 2500 rpm. Hy-
drocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) meas-
urements were recorded with both laboratory analyz-
ers and garage-type instruments for most of the volu-
metric tests. All oxides of nitrogen (NOx) meas-
urements were made with laboratory analyzers. Two
different statistical analysis methods were used to
assess 'correlation'-a conventional correlation analy-
sis and a contingency table analysis.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Tests, 'Motor vehicles, "Ex-
haust emissions, Correlation, Statistical analysis, Nu-
merical solutions, Air pollution control, Hydrocarbon,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Error analysis,
•Federal test procedure, Air quality, Procedures, Cata-
lytic reactors(Exhaust system).
PB-284 945/3 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Hose-End Sprayers Used for Apply-
ing Liquid Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oreg.
Northwest Biological Investigations Station.
H. L. Dooley, and A. A. Badiei. 1978,59p* EPA/540/9-
78/004
Nineteen graden hose-end sprayers used for applying
agricultural chemicals were evaluated for delivery
rates, spray patterns, and total spray emitted per unit
of time. Sprayers were evaluated at 137.88, 206.82,
and 275.76 KPa (20, 30, and 40 psi) water pressures.
Each sprayer type is discussed individually. Delivery
rate variation of other sprayer types ranged from no
application of pesticide to 105% above the desired
rate. Sprayer delivery volumes ranged from 1.86 to
12.66 liters (0.49 to 3.34 U.S. gallons) per minute.
Spray patterns are shown for each sprayer type. Hose-
end sprayers are easy to use, economical, and in
some cases have acceptable accuracy when used as
directed. The sprayers tested include: Ortho Spray-
ette 4; Ortho Super Six Spray-ette; Ortho Lawn Spray-
er; Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer; New Hayes In-
secticide Sprayer No. 101; Hayes Flower Sprayer No.
H-4; Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10; Hayes Fer-
tilizer Sprayer No. 102; Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end
Sprayer; Miller's Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer; Burgess
Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and Tree
Sprayer; Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All Purpose
Sprayer; Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer Sprayer No. A-
21; Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide Sprayer No. A-7; Gil-
mour Air-O-Matic 362 Sprayer; Melnor Deluxe All-Pur-
pose Garden Gun; Vigoro Lawn-Weed-N-Feed Spray-
er; and the Burgess Redimix 2 Gallon Hose-end Wet-
table Powder Sprayer.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Sprayers,
•Household goods, 'Pesticides, Water pressure,
Hoses, Flow rate, Acceptability, Volume, Spraying,
Classifications, Spray nozzles, Accuracy, Delivery,
Time, Pest control, Performance evaluation, 'Hoseend
sprayers, 'Consumer products.
PB-284 948/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Certification and Surveillance Div.
Automobile Exhaust Emission Modal Analysis
Model Extension and Refinement. Final rept.,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, N.Y.
H. T. McAdams. Oct 74,98p EPA/460/3-74/024
Contract EPA-68-03-0435 ,
See also report dated Jan 74, PB-229 635.
This report on modal analysis of automobile emissions
constitutes a refinement and extension of a modal
analysis exhaust emission model previously devel-
oped. The modal analysis exhaust emission model
makes it possible to calculate the amounts of emission
products emitted by individual vehicles or groups of ve-
hicles ower an arbitrary driving sequence. Refine-
ments to the model permit an improvement in compu-
tational efficiency and a reduction in input data require-
ments. Extensions of the model include a scheme for
computation of fuel usage in terms of CO2, CO and HC
output by means of a carbon-balance aproach and a
procedure for more definitive assessment of the preci-
sion of the model in predicting group emissions. The
report discusses the following: Investigates means to
increase the computational efficiency of the model; de-
termines whether modal testing requirements can be
reduced without appreciable loss of information; de-
fines the accuracy and precision with which group
emission predictions can be made from modal data;
and uses the modal analysis approach to predict fuel
economy over arbitrary driving sequences.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Math-
ematical models, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, Number solutions, Fuel consumption,
Efficiency, Accuracy, Automobiles, 'Automobile ex-
haust.
PB-284 950/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Study of Industrial Data on Candidate Chemi-
cals for Testing. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
C. Tucker Helmes, Barbara Lewin, Kirtland McCaleb,
Howard Peters, and Margaret Power. Jun 78,14lp*
RESEARCH REQUEST-3, EPA/560/5-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4109
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-281 938.
Data were collected for the chemicals in two classes,
alkyl phthalates and cresols. The phthalates class in-
cluded thirty-seven alkyl phthalates believed to be
commercially significant at the present time. The
cresol class included ortho-cresol, meta-cresol, para-
cresol, mixed cresols, and cresylic acid. The following
information is provided on the two classes: physical
and chemical properties, contaminants; composition
of mixtures; production and trade statistics, current
(and in some cases, past) uses; names and locations
of producers; worker exposure and occupational
standards; environmental emissions, mode of entry,
transport, and degradation in the environment; and
biological effects (including ecological hazards and
human health hazards).
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'Cresoles, 'Phthalates, 'Tpxi-
cology, Organic compounds, Cresylic acid, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Chemical composi-
tion, Manufacuring, Utilization, Environmental surveys,
Industrial hygiene, Standards, Ecology, Public health,
Industrial medicine, Chemical industry, Transport prop-
erties, Toxicity, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Standards,
'Toxic substances, Biological effects, Occupational
safety and health, Maximum permissible exposure
level, Threshold limit values, Alkyl phthalates.
PB-284 969/3 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Symposium on Fabric Filters for Partlculate Col-
lection (3rd) Held at Tucson, Arizona on Decem-
ber 6-6,1977. Proceedings rept. Jun 77-Mar 78,
GCA Corp., Bedford, Mass. GCA Technology Div.
Norman Suprenant. Jun 78,376p* GCA-TR-78-33-G,
EPA/600/7l-78/087
Contract EPA-68-02-2177
The report presents the 17 technical papers given at
an EPA-sponsored symposium, held in December
1977 in Tuscon, Arizona, on fabric filters for particle
collection. Emphasis was on current field experience
and engineering-oriented research so that potential
users could better select and/or design paniculate
control systems. Technical content focused on fabrics
for high temperature filtration, their field behavior with
fly ash and other effluents, design criteria and shake-
down experience, and new filtration concepts that
appear amenable to combustion and other process ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Particles,
'Meetings, High temperature tests, Fly ash, Design cri-
teria, Filtration, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Coal, Forecasting,
'Fabric filters, Baghouses, Pulse jet filters.
PB-284 973/5 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
The Use and Fate of Lubricants, Oils, Greases,
and Hydraulic Fluids In the Iron and Steel Indus-
try. Final task rept. May 76-Apr 78,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Calif.
J. C. Serne, and K. Wilson. May 78, 344p* EPA/600/2-
78/101
Contract EPA-68-02-1405
The report gives results of an investigation of the use
and fate of lubricants, oils, greases, and hydraulic
fluids in the iron and steel industry. Data from nine inte-
grated steel plants and two consultants with extensive
steel industry experience were used to: develop corre-
lations between lubricant usage rates and steel pro-
duction capacity, and the types of products made; and
prepare total oil, grease, and hydraulic fluid material
balances for specific, as well as typical, integrated
steel plants. Generalizations were made regarding the
fate (as air, water, and solid waste pollution) of these
oils, greases, and hydraulic fluids. Air pollution emis-
sions, total oil-and-grease water pollution discharges,
and the quantity of oil and grease being disposed of in
landfills were estimated by steelmaking area and for a
typical integrated steel plant. Introductory and back-
ground information pertaining to the steel industry, lu-
brication practices, steel plant lubricants, and waste oil
collection and reclamation methods are also present-
ed. Study results indicate that, for a typical integrated
steel plant with a raw steel production capacity of 4
million ton/yr, 1.2 million Ib/mo of oils, greases, and
hydraulic fluids are used throughout the plant. Of all lu-
bricants used, an estimated 10% enters the environ-
ment as air pollution, 9% as water pollution, and 44%
as solid waste.
Keywords: 'Lubricants, 'Greases, 'Lubricating oils,
'Hydraulic fluids, 'Iron and steel industry, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, 'Solid wastes, Industrial plants,
Sludges, Material balance, Path of pollutants.
PB-284 974/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Program for the Environmental Assessment of
Conventional Combustion Processes. Final task
rept. Mar 77-May 78,
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va. METREK Div.
Deepak C. Kenkeremath, C. Grant Miller, and J. Bruce
Truett. Jul 78,106p M78-63, EPA/600/7-78/140
Contracts EPA-68-01-3539, EPA-68-01-3188
The report describes the development of a program
plan for EPA's Conventional Combustion Environmen-
tal Assessment (CCEA) Program and presents the
status of the Program 1 year after the planning effort
was begun. The CCEA Program was established re-
cently to coordinate and integrate EPA's several re-
search and development efforts for assessing the en-
vironmental effects of pollutants from conventional
combustion of fossil fuels. Much of EPA's environmen-
tal assessment (EA) activities have, in the past, been
performed in connection with research, development,
and demonstration projects directed principally toward
controlling specific pollutants from combustion. Over-
all program goals and objectives are defined, and ex-
isting research and development project involving EA
of combustion pollutants are identified. A procedure
for analyzing the content of such projects is described
and its use demonstrated for a selected subset of cur-
rent projects to identify duplication of effort or gaps In
coverage of areas required for attainment of defined
objectives. A set of recommended actions and miles-
tones, based on the analysis of current projects and
defined Program goals, is presented.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fossil fuels,
'Management planning, 'Combustion products, Solid
waste disposal, Air pollution, Water pollution, Combus-
tion products, Forecasting, Assessments, Public
health, Pollution control, Technology, Standards, Sub-
stitutes, Energy sources, Land pollution, 'Convention-
al Combustion Environmental Assessment Program,
Procedures.
482 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-284 985/9 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Heavy-Duty Fuel Economy Program. Phase I. Spe-
cific Analysis of Certain Existing Data. Final rept.
on Phase 1,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Melvin N. Ingalls, and Robert L. Mason. Jan 77,457p
SWRI-AW-11-4311, EPA/460/3-77/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2220
See also Final rept. on phase 2 dated Jul 77, PB-273
427.
This report presents the results of several specific
items of analysis conducted on heavy-duty vehicle
data generated from two EPA projects. The purpose of
the analysis was to provide information on the relation-
ship between engine dynamometer fuel consumption
and emissions and fuel consumption and emissions of
trucks in actual use. Two separate tasks are covered.
In the first task, ten specific items of analysis were per-
formed on the gasoline-powered and diesel-powered
truck fuel consumption and emissions data generated
under the title 'Study of Emissions from Heavy-Duty
Vehicles'. In the second task, the data from CRC
Project CAPE-21-71, 'Truck Driving Pattern and Use
Survey' were utilized to attempt to develop modal co-
efficients for both the 9-mode heavy-duty gasoline and
13-mode heavy-duty diesel emissions tests that would
correlate the 9 and 13-mode BSFC values with fuel
economy of trucks in actual use. This latter attempt
was largely unsuccessful.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption, Trucks, Dynamometers, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides. Gasoline engines,
Diesel engines, Tables(Data), Regression analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Computer programs, Nu-
merical solutions, Fortran, "Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-284 987/5 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Fabric Filtration Studies: 6. Influence of Oust
Properties on Particle Penetration. Final task rept.
Apr 74-Dec 77,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
R. P. Donovan, B. E. Daniel, and J. H. Turner. Jul 78,
47p EPA/600/7-78/141
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-274 922.
The report examines the Importance of dust properties
jn determining dust penetration through a fabric filter.
The major property considered is the size distribution
of the dust, which is an important dust property for dust
Penetration. Most other important variables of dust
Penetration depend more on the dust/fabric combina-
tion than on the dust alone. The report reviews dust
Penetration mechanisms and relates them to dust and
oust/fabric properties. It illustrates these Interactions,
using data both generated in EPA's inhouse laboratory
and published in the open literature. Shaker and pulse-
let baghouse data are used in an attempt to identify
commonality in dust penetration independent of fabric
cleaning technique.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Air filters, "Dust,
Particle size distribution, Physical properties, Filtra-
JJon. Penetration, Cleaning, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Polyester fibers, "Fabric filters, "Bagh-
ouses, Nomex polymers.
fB-285 000/6 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
**pone Incineration Test Program,
Design Partnership, Richmond, Va.
Bruce A. Bell, and Frank C. Whltmore. May 78,148p
EPA/600/2-78/108
wantEPA-R-805112
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield,
va., and Virginia State Dept. of Health, Richmond.
Jje Kepone Incineration Test (KIT) program was un-
**rtaken to evaluate incineration as a method of de-
woying Kepone and Kepone-contalning materials and
}° determine the range of operating variables required
'or complete destruction. The program was divided
"to two phases: (a) experiments involving the direct
flection of low BTU solutions of Kepone Into the after-
purner, and (b) experiments involving the colncinera-
P°n of sewage sludge and various amounts of Kepone
'"lected into a rotary kiln. Each phase was designed so
"*• succeeding experiments Involved longer amounts
of Kepone and/or alterations in afterburner tempera-
ture and residence time.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Solid waste disposal, "Air
pollution control, Chlorine organic compounds, Design
criteria, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Sewage
sludge, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition),
Scrubbers, Efficiency, Insecticides, "Kepone.
PB-285 002/2 PC A02/MF A01
Bromlnated Compounds Found In Waste-Treat-
ment Effluents and Their Capacity to Bloaccumu-
late. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Douglas W. Kuehl, Oilman D. Veith, and Edward N.
Leonard. 1978,22p EPA/600/J-78-036, ISBN-0-250-
40201-7
Pub. in Water Chlorination, Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v2 p175-191 1978. Library of Congress
Catalog Card no. 77-92588.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to
analyze residues in fathead minnows (Pimephales pro-
melas) which were exposed to non-disinfected and
bromine chloride disinfected wastewater effluent. A
series of brominated organic chemicals was identified
in the fish exposed to the bromine chloride disinfected
effluent but were not detected in fish exposed to the
non-disinfected wastewater. Two mechanisms for the
presence of these residues include the aqueous bro-
mination of precursors followed by bioaccumulation of
the products, and the bromination of precursors by the
fish.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Waste water, "Effluents, "Bro-
mine organic compounds, "Chlorination,
Tissues(Biology), Residues, Chemical analysis, Expo-
sure, Water treatment, Methodology, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Experimental data, Tables(Data), Disinfec-
tants, Reprints, "Bioaccumulation, Pimephales prome-
las, Fathead minnow, Environmental effects, "Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB-285 053/5 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Water Factory 21: Reclaimed Water, Volatile Or-
ganlcs, Virus, and Treatment Performance. Pre-
final rept. Jan 76-Jun 77,
Stanford Univ., Calif. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Perry L. McCarty, Martin Reinhard, Carla Dolce, Huong
Nguyen, and David G. Argo. Jun 78,100p EPA/600/2-
78/076
Grant EPA-S-803873
This report describes the performance of Water Fac-
tory 21, a 0.66 cu m/s advanced wastewater treatment
plant designed to reclaim secondary effluent from a
municipal wastewater treatment plant so that it can be
used for injection and recharge of a groundwater
system. Included in this evaluation of the first one and
one-half years of performance are summary data for
general inorganics, heavy metals, virus, and a broad
range of organic materials. Processes included in the
plant are lime treatment, ammonia stripping, break-
point Chlorination, filtration, activated-carbon adsorp-
tion, reverse osmosis, and final Chlorination. The per-
formance of individual processes as well as overall ef-
ficiency was evaluated.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Ground water re-
charge, Water reclamation, Performance evaluation,
Viruses, Organic compounds, Nutrients, Halogen or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Inorganic com-
pounds, Design criteria, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Heavy metals, 'Physical
chemical treatment, Sewage treatment effluent.
PB-285 059/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Blogenlc Sulfur Compounds In Coastal Atmos-
pheres of North Carolina. Final rept. Aug 76-Feb 77,
Hitchcock Associates, Farmington, Conn.
Dlan R. Hitchcock, Lester L. Spider, and William E.
Wilson. Jul 78,74p EPA/600/3-78/061
Atmospheric H2S, SO2, and paniculate S04(-2),
Na(+), C1(-), NH4(-), and NO3(-) were measured in
two experiments on the North Carolina coast to deter-
mine the levels of biogenlc sulfur species at marsh and
estuarine locations where dlssimilatory bacterial sul-
fate reduction produces H2S in local anoxic muds. The
first (summertime) experiment demonstrated the oc-
currence of variable and high H2S levels~4-h means
up to 80 microgram/cu m (57 ppb)~associated with
low-tide mud exposure in a Spartine alterniflora marsh.
Little or no S02 was observed here, and little or no
SO2 or H2S were observed at a background site 2.4
km distant. Biogenic sulfate in marine air masses
ranged from 2 to 13 microgram/cu m, and was strongly
associated with the loss of chloride from marine aero-
sols. Both H2S and SO2 were observed in the second
(autumn) experiment at concentrations up to 7 micro-
gram/cu m (5 ppb) (H2S) and 25 microgram/cu m (17
ppb) (SO2) at an estuarine site where anoxic muds are
not exposed to low tide, under conditions which im-
plied a biogenic origin, and the rapid conversion of bio-
genie H2S to S02. Particulate excess (non-sea salt)
sulfate and chloride loss from marine aerosols were
observed at this site in continental air masses (marine
air masses did not occur).
Keywords: "Air pollution, "North Carolina, "Sulfur inor-
ganic compounds, "Aerosols, "Biological productivity,
Coasts, Concentration(Composition), Swamps, Estu-
aries, Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Sul-
fates, Sites, Sampling, Ocean environments, Air
masses, "Air pollution sampling.
PB-285 060/0 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Effects of Liquid Detergent Plant Effluent on the
Rotating Biological Contactor. Final task rept. 13
Aug 75-30 Jun 77,
Texize Chemicals Co., Greenville, S.C.
Frederick T. Lense, Stanley E. Mileski, and Charles W.
Ellis. Jun 78,68p EPA/600/2-78/129
Grant EPA-S-803892
This report summarizes data on the treatment of
wastewaters from a liquid detergent manufacturing
plant by a rotating biological contactor and presents
the findings of an analytical effort to determine the
presence or absence of metals and organic com-
pounds which were among those listed in the Consent
Decree, Train vs NRDC, et al, June 1976. Even under
the best operating conditions, the rotating biological
contactor performance was essentially equivalent to
that of the extended aeration lagoon. All metals except
zinc (0.25 mg/l) were below minimum measurable
limits. All organic compounds subjected to analysis by
gas chromatograph were below minimum detectable
limits.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Detergents,
"Water pollution control, Chemical industry, Compari-
sons, Metals, "Rotating disc process, Biological indus-
trial waste treatment.
PB-285 065/9 PC A04/MF A01
Maternal-Fetal Tissue Levels of Sixteen Trace Ele-
ments In Eight Communities,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
John P. Creason, David J. Svendsgaard, J. E.
Bumgarner, C. Pinkerron, and T. A. Hinners. May 78,
64p EPA/600/1-78/033
The developing fetus probably represents one of the
most vulnerable subgroups of the general population
to the toxic effects of trace elements. There have been
numerous reports of abortion or fetal malformation due
to excessive exposure of the expectant mother to mer-
cury and other trace elements. This investigation was
aimed at gaining information on the levels of trace ele-
ments present in the blood of a term fetus, and on the
relationship of these levels to the levels found in the
placenta and selected maternal tissues. Once trans-
placental passage of the trace elements and their
levels in the placenta and fetus is established, other
researchers may attempt to ascertain whether these
conditions actually result in overt or subtle impair-
ments of the developing fetus. This study took advan-
tage of the opportunity provided by normal deliveries
to obtain simultaneous tissue samples from a mother
and her child. Maternal-fetal sets consisting of mater-
nal venous blood, cord blood, placenta, maternal scalp
hair, and public hair were collected and analyzed for
the following 16 elements: boron, barium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, Iron, lead, lithium, manganese,
nickel, selenium, silver, tin, vanadium and zinc.
December 1983 483
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Trace elements, "Toxicology, Mutations,
Blood, Boron, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Tissues(Biology), Placenta, Accumulation, Copper,
Iron, Lead(Metal), Lithium, Manganese, Nickel, Seleni-
um, Silver, Tin, Vanadium, Zinc, Teratogenesis, Fetus,
*Toxic substances, Heavy metals, Bioaccumulation.
PB-28S 066/7 PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Methods for the Analysis of Panel
Studies,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Statistics and Data Management Office.
Victor Hasselblad. Jun 78,39p EPA/600/1-78/043
Three different methods of analysis of panels were
compared using asthma panel data from a 1970-1971
study done by EPA in Riv jrhead, New York. The meth-
ods were (1) regression analysis using raw attack
rates; (2) regression analysis using the ratio of ob-
served attacks to expected attacks; and (3) discrimi-
nant analysis where repeated attacks were ignored.
The first two methods were found to have serious
serial correlation problems. The third method eliminat-
ed this problem, but reduced the effective sample size
considerably. A more appropriate method was sug-
gested for larger panels over shorter periods of time.
The analyses of the Riverhead data showed that any
sulfate effect on asthmatics was confounded with sea-
sonal trends.
Keywords: 'Asthma, 'Statistical analysis, Epidemiol-
ogy, Comparison, Regression analysis, Discriminate
analysis, Respiratory diseases, New York, Allergic dis-
eases, Sulfates, Tables(Data), Riverhead(New York).
PB-285 067/5 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Nonmetalllc Inorganic Ions:
NH4, NO3, SO4 from the National Air Surveillance
Networks, 1975. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Donald H. Fair, Raymond C. Rhodes, E. Gardner
Evans, John C. Puzak, and Frank E. Butler. Jun 78,
67p EPA/600/4-78/035
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-262 397.
This report lists the urban and nonurban concentra-
tions of 3 nonmetal inorganic constituents of suspend-
ed particulate matter from samples gathered during
calendar year 1975 by the cooperating stations of the
National Air Surveillance Network (NASN). The individ-
ual 24-hour data are summarized as cumulative fre-
quency distributions for each site.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nonmetallic compounds,
•Inorganic compounds, Quality control, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Ions, Parti-
cles, "Air quality data.
PB-285 070/9 PC A12/MF A01
Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Calif.
Institutional and Financial Alternatives and Rec-
ommendations: AMBAG Section 208 Water Qual-
ity Management Plan.
McDonald and Grefe, Inc., San Francisco, Calif.
May78,275p
Prepared in cooperation with Sedway/Cooke, San
Francisco, Calif., Sponsored in part by Association of
Monterey Bay Area Governments, Calif., and Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
This report describes the institutional mechanisms, in-
tergovernmental arrangements and sources of financ-
ing that are recommended to implement the Associ-
ation of Monterey Bay Area Governments Water Qual-
ity Management Plan for Monterey and Santa Cruz
Counties. Recommendations are presented for institu-
tional responses to a total of eight case studies (lake
maintenance, septic system maintenance, control of
erosion and sedimentation, control of nitrate pollution
of groundwater, preventing saltwater intrusion, pre-
serving groundwater recharge areas, and prevention
of pollution from sanitary land-filled leachate). Recom-
mendations are also made for a continuation of the
Section 208 Water Quality Management Planning
process. The institutional arrangements feature maxi-
mum reliance on existing powers of existing local gov-
ernments. A newly authorized governmental mecha-
nism in California - the On-site Wastewater Disposal
Zone (OWDZ) - is recommended for management of
septic systems.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Monterey
Bay, Economic impact, Recommendations, Mainte-
nance, Lakes, Septic tanks, Erosion control, Sedimen-
tation, Nitrogen, Ground water, Salt water intrusion,
Ground water recharge, Earth fills, Leaching, Local
government, California, Taxes, Water quality, Intergov-
ernmental relationships, Institutional framework,
'Santa Cruz Cqunty(California), 'Water
management(Administrative), Onsite waste water dis-
posal zone, Monterey County(California).
PB-285 072/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Compilation and Evaluation of Leaching Test
Methods. Final rept.,
Mitre Corp., McLean, Va.
William Lowenbach. May 78,111p EPA/600/2-78-095
Contract EPA-68-03-2620
Under the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act
of 1976, EPA is required to promulgate criteria for iden-
tification of hazardous wastes. One method of identifi-
cation is to characterize the leachability of the waste.
This study evaluates those factors important to the
design of such a test. Additionally, existing leachate
tests are compiled and from this listing three tests
have been recommended for further evaluation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Industrial wastes, 'Leaching, 'Classification, Man-
agement planning, Tests, Toxicology, Mutagens, Eval-
uation, Government policies, Regulations, Sanitary
landfill, Chemical analysis, Heavy metals, Thermody-
namics, Water pollution abatement, Carcinogenesis,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB-285 077/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to
Air Pollution Problems. Interim rept. 1977,
Ohio State Univ., Research Foundation, Columbus.
Yoon S. Chang, H. H. Shaw, E. Niple, J. G. Calvert, and
W. M. Uselman. Jun 78,121 p EPA/600/3-78/057
Grant EPA-R-803868-2
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-272 891.
An atlas of observed and calculated air spectra from
700 to 2300/cm has been prepared. Methods of ana-
lyzing air spectra to identify spectral features and to
determine simultaneously the abundances of atmos-
pheric gases such as CO, N2O, CH4, O3, H20, and
CO2 have been explored. These methods include ra-
tioing observed and calculated spectra and correlation
analysis of absorption bands to obtain abundances by
linear regression and nonlinear least squares meth-
ods. Absorbing features of atmospheric gases such as
O3, H2O, and N2O have been removed from solar
spectra to isolate underlying features of F-12 near
1160/cm. Simulations of the reactions in a typical
NOX-RH-RCHO-polluted atmosphere exposed to sun-
light show that the theoretical rate of H02NO2 genera-
tion is similar in magnitude to those expected (and ob-
served in real atmospheres) for peroxyacylnitrates.
Keywords: 'Infrared spectra, 'Gas analysis, 'Atmos-
pheric composition, Reaction kinetics, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxide(N2O), Methane, Ozone, Water,
Carbon dioxide, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Ab-
sorption spectra, Fluorohydrocarbons, Numerical anal-
ysis, Stratosphere, Test chambers, Smog, Forecast-
ing, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Freon 12, Freone.
PB-286 098/0 PC A99/MF A01
Proposed Issuance of a New Source National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System Permit and
Section 10 and Section 404 Permits to Iowa
Southern Utilities Company, Ottumwa Generating
Station. Final environmental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, Mo.
Region VII.
Aug 78,756p EPA-7-IA-OTTUMWA-WAPELLO-
NSDP-78, EPA/907/9-78/001
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Rock Island, III., and Black and Veatch, Kansas City,
Mo. See also report dated Jul 77, PB-280 369.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
considering the issuance of a new source of National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit (P.L 95-217, Section 402) for discharge of
wastewaters from Iowa Southern Utilities' proposed
Ottumwa Generating Station (OGS). Pursuant to the
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-
190), EPA has prepared this environmental impact
statement (EIS) to evaluate the potential impacts of
this action on the Des Moines River, the cities of Chilli-
cothe and Ottumwa, and the surrounding areas. This
EIS is a multiagency document prepared in conjunc-
tion with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It will serve
as the Corps of Engineers' EIS in the issuance of a
Section 10, River and Harbors Act permit. The pro-
posed site for the 727 megawatt coal-fired steam-elec-
tric generating station is located adjacent to the Des
Moines River approximately 8 miles northwest of Ot-
tumwa, Iowa. Its estimated cost is $300 million. OGS
will utilize a closed-cycle cooling system and will re-
quire make-up water at a rate of 17 cfs at maximum
load conditions. Total discharge to the Des Moines
River is estimated to be 1.4 cfs at maximum load con-
ditions. Low sulfur western coal will fuel the plant at a
rate of 2,200,000 tons per year. Principal constituents
of the plant stack emissions are particulate matter,
sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and various trace ele-
ments. An electrostatic precipatator will be used to
control particulate matter. Selection of low sulfur coal
will minimize S02 emissions, and furnace design will
control NO2.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Electric power plants, 'Iowa, Licenses, Water pollu-
tion, Water quality, Des Moines River, Steam electric
power generation, Coal, Air pollution, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Iowa, 'Coal fired power plants, Iowa
Southern Utilities Company, Wapello County(lowa),
Chillicothe(lowa), Ottumwa(iowa), Water pollution con-
trol, Air pollution control, Air quality.
PB-285 115/2 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Textile Dyeing Wastewaters: Characterization and
Treatment. Final rept. Jun 74-Sep 75,
American Dye Manufacturers Inst., New York.
Roderick H. Horning. May 78,312p EPA/600/2-78/
098
Grant EPA-R-803174
The report gives results of an examination of the bio-
logical, chemical, and physical treatability of
wastewaters from selected typical dye baths. Twenty
systems providing a broad cross section of dye
classes, fibers, and application techniques, were ex-
amined. Wastes, produced using typical formulations
on a pilot scale, provided desired control and simulat-
ed plant conditions. Raw wastes were characterized.
Treated wastes were evaluated for color and total or-
ganic carbon (TOC). Biological treatability was exam-
ined at several concentrations without seed, with do-
mestic sewage, and with acclimated seed. Wastes
generally were compatible with the biological process;
color reduction was incomplete. No single treatment
was effective for both color and TOC removal. Chemi-
cal treatment with ozone decolorized the wastes.
Physical treatments included alum, lime, and activated
carbon using jar tests. Disperse, vat, and sulfur dyes
were most effectively decolorized by coagulation, and
carbon was most effective for decolorizing reactive,
basic, acid, and azoic dyes. A statistical evaluation of
heavy metal content of dye baths and a compendium
of dye bath additives and dyeing methods are includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Textile processes, 'Dyeing, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Industrial waste treatment, Industrial
wastes, Inventories, Colors(Materials), Dyes, Ozonlza-
tlon, Decoloring, Activated carbon treatment, Coagula-
tion, Metals, Trace elements, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Total organic carbon, Physical
chemical treatment.
PB-285 122/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Testing Program for Mining Coal In an Oxygen
Free Atmosphere. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va. Island Creek
Div.
R. C. Taliaferro, and Don Motz. May 78,102p EPA/
600/7-78/080A
Grant EPA-14010DZM
See also Volume 2, PB-282 752. Prepared in coopera-
tion with NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Cyrus Wm. Rice
Div.
484 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A systems evaluation was undertaken to demonstrate
the ability of miners wearing life support systems to op-
erate conventional mining equipment and to mine coal
at a test section In an active ventilated mine. Their abil-
ity to operate mining equipment and to perform other
in-mine tasks was successfully demonstrated. No
major difficulties were encountered in performing
these tasks and the miners reported they had never
been that comfortable before when working in a mine.
The life support system provided cool, clean air for the
miner and did not hamper his ability to work. The
system was adequate to demonstrate the miner's abili-
ty to mine coal while wearing a life support system.
However, mechanical failures in the chiller and re-
breather module were experienced. Additional work to
develop a totally reliable life support system and fur-
ther testing under ventilated conditions are required
before testing in an oxygen free atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Life support systems,
Oxygen supply equipment, Mining equipment, Equip-
ment specifications, Human engineering, Safety engi-
neering, Underground mining, 'Mine safety.
PB-285 130/1 PC A98/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Zinc.
National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Commit-
tee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants.
May 78, 742p' EPA/600/1-78/034
Contract EPA-68-02-1226
This report summarizes the available information on
zinc as it relates to its effects on man and his environ-
ment. Zinc is found in most soils, but some areas are
deficient in it. Metallurgic operations contribute to zinc
contamination in air, water and soil. Trace amounts of
zinc are essential for normal growth in plants, animals
and humans, however, excessive levels can bring on
zinc toxicosis. Zinc deficiency is known to have caused
congenital malformations in pregnant rats. Severe liver
disease Is commonly associated with loss of total body
zinc. Zinc is not a highly toxic substance. Zinc toxicosis
may occur only when very high dose levels overwhelm
the homeostatic mechanisms controlling zinc uptake
and excretion. Reports suggest humans may ingest
500 mg to 1 g or more daily without adverse effects.
Ten or more g taken as a single oral dose may produce
gastrointestinal distress, including nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea. There are also suggestions In the litera-
ture that even higher dosage may produce dizziness
and perhaps Increase blood levels of pancreatic en-
zymes. Inhalation of zinc has been related to metal
fume fever, an acute disability of short duration that
can occur when fume is Inhaled from metal heated to a
temperature above Its melting point. With repeated ex-
posure, some degree of tolerance may be built up, but
" will be lost when exposure to fume ceases for a
Period as short as two days. The pathogenesls of this
oworder, Including the role of zinc In It, is not under-
stood.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Environmental surveys, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Reviews, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil anal-
r*js, Ecology, Chemical analysis, Dosage, Utilization,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Sources,
nants(Botany), Aquatic animals, Humans, Toxlclty,
standards, Sampling, Food analysis, Metabolism, 'En-
vironmental effects, Air pollution effects(Humans),
water pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances,
M«»avy metals, Biological effects.
£8-285 134/3 PC A17/MF A01
Trarwport of Agricultural Chemical* from Smell
upland Piedmont Watersheds. Final rept.,
environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
£• N. Smith, R. A. Leonard, G. W. Langdale, and G. W.
gailey. May 78,386p EPA/800/3-78/058
v*Pared in cooperation with Southern Piedmont Con-
servation Research Center. Watkinsville, Ga.
Data were collected from four small watersheds (1.3 to
Jv "•) located in the Southern Piedmont region. Total
?•***• of applied herbicides were affected by the oc-
JjWence of runoff in close proximity to application
raw. mode of application, and persistence In the soil
"Jjpff zone. Most of the total annual losses by runoff
Tff* in the first three runoff events for all compounds
"teem paraquat. Runoff of trifluralln was very low (0.1
rj °-3% of the annual application). Total runoff losses
Bother herbicides were commonly less than 1.0%
runoff occurred shortly after application.
Sediment yield from terraced watersheds was signifi-
cantly less than from watersheds managed without ter-
races. Except for paraquat, however, pesticide yields
in runoff were not reduced in proportion to sediment
reduction because solution transport was the major
mode of loss for the soluble herbicide phase. Annual
runoff losses of soluble plant nutrients were 5.0 and
1.3 kg/ha for chloride and nitrate, respectively. Losses
of soluble phosphorus from both watersheds were
very low, about 380 g/ha.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Runoff, 'Watersheds, 'Water
pollution, "Sediment transport, Conservation, Soil ero-
sion, Losses, Periodic variations, Herbicides, Fertiliz-
ers, Yield, Terracing, Phosphorus, Nutrients, Nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds, Quaternary ammonium salts,
Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Rainfall, Field tests, Pied-
mont Region(United States), Trifluralin, 'Paraquat her-
bicide, Bipyridinium/dimethyl.
PB-285 135/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Paniculate Control Highlight*: Fin* Particle Scrub-
ber Research. Final task rept. May 77-Mar 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
S. Calvert, and R. Parker. Jun 78,19p EPA/600/8-78/
005A
Contract EPA-68-02-2190
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284 481, and PB-285
136.
The report gives highlights of fine particle scrubber re-
search performed by, or under the direction of, EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (IERL-
RTP) at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
U.S. EPA has been actively involved in research and
development in the field of fine particle scrubbing
since 1970. Its overall objective has been to develop
and demonstrate low pressure drop scrubbing sys-
tems capable pi controlling fine particle emissions.
Major accomplishments of EPA's scrubber program
have included: publication of the Scrubber Handbook;
development and demonstration of flux force/conden-
sation scrubbing; generation of extensive scrubber
performance data; development of design methods
and criteria for entrainment separation; development
and evaluation of novel devices for fine particle con-
trol; and presentation of two technical symposia on
fine particle scrubbing (in 1975 and 1977).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Particles, 'Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Flux force/condensation scrubbers, Wet methods.
PB-285 136/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Partlculate Control Highlight*: Performance and
D«*lgn Mod*) tor Scrubber*. Final task rept. Sep
77-Apr 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
S. Yung, and S. Calvert. Jun 78,28p EPA/600/8-78/
OOSB
Contract EPA-68-02-2190
See also PB-285 135.
The report gives a capsule summary of the best availa-
ble design models for wet scrubbers and their applica-
tion to fine paniculate control. Details of the models
are reported In the Scrubber Handbook and other EPA
publications listed in the bibliography. When EPA Initi-
ated Its Wet Scrubber Systems Study In 1970, the
state-of-the-art was largely empirical. Each application
was considered to be a special case which could only
be dealt with on the basis of long and specific experi-
ence. Engineering design was based on a primattve,
cut-and-try approach and often resulted in an expen-
sive overdesign to cover the wide range of uncertainty.
There was also very little scrubber performance Infor-
mation available. In the Wet Scrubber Systems Study
all available Information concerning wet scrubber
theory and practice was reviewed and evaluated. The
best available engineering design methods were eval-
uated and, where necessary, new or revised methods
were developed to provide as sound a basis as possi-
ble for predicting performance. The Scrubber Hand-
book, published in 1972, resulted from this study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Particles, 'Fines, Design criteria, Engineering
design, Numerical analysis, Best available technology,
Wet methods.
PB-285 137/6 PC A11/MF A01
M*thodologl*« and Protocol* In Clinical Re-
March: Evaluating Environmental Effect* In Man -
Proceeding* of a Symposium Held at Chapel Hill,
North Carolina October 26-28,1977.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Clinical Studies Div.
May 78,233p* EPA/600/9-78/008
The report is a proceedings of a symposium convened
at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 26-28, 1977.
Five major topics pertaining to the use of humans as
experimental subjects are addressed in this volume:
philosophy of clinical research, environmental and
physical safety considerations in human exposure
facilities, the EPA human studies programs, and spe-
cial considerations and approaches in environmental
clinical research. The first lour parts consist of twelve
formal papers covering issues such as ethical and
legal considerations surrounding the use of human
subjects, environmental controls and safeguards, and
electrical surveillance and integrity. Following each
paper is a summary of the discussion that took place
after the paper was presented to the symposium par-
ticipants. Part five is a panel discussion composed of
four brief presentations and an exchange of comments
among panel participants. The purpose of these pro-
ceedings is to help Identify, through open discussion,
the problems connected with using human subjects in
clinical research.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Ethics, Law(Jurisprudence),
Humans, Exposure, Safety, Research, Committees,
Health status, Protection, Methodology, Protocols,
'Environmental effects, Medical research, Medical
ethics, Informal consent, Environmental health.
PB-285 171/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Use of the Flame Photometric Detector Method
for Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide In Ambient Air.
A Technical Aa*l*tance Document Final rept. Sep
76-May 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
W. Gary Eaton. May 78,159p EPA/600/4-78/024
Contract EPA-88-02-2433
This technical assistance document Is Intended to
serve as a source-book of information and outlines of
good practice for operation and calibration of ambient
air SO2 detection analyzers based on the measure-
ment principle of Flame Photometric Detection (FPD).
This is accomplished through the identification and
control of critical parameters affecting the operation
and calibration of FPD analyzers. The document may
be used with analyzers which measure total sulfur, as
well as with new SO2 specific models which have been
designated as equivalent methods by EPA. This docu-
ment Is to be used In conjunction with the instrument
manufacturer's instruction manual. The document
consists of six sections: (1) Introduction to FPD princi-
ple, (2) Installation and startup of the analyzer, (3) Cali-
bration sources and their air supplies, (4) Procedures
for multipoint dynamic calibration, (5) Procedural aids,
and (6) References and Index.
Keywords: *Ga* detectors, 'Sulfur dioxide, Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Flame photometry, Calibrating,
Air pollution, Monitoring, Sulfur,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Laboratory equipment, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Flame photometric detectors.
PB-265 172/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Field Teat* of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler*
for EmlMlon* Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site A. Final rept.,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.
J. E. Qabrielson, P. L. Langsjoen, and T. C. Kosvlc. Jul
78,108pEPA/800/7-78/f36A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-04-0053
Sponsored In part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, Va.
The report gives results of field measurement* made
on a 300,000 Ib/hr spreader stoker boiler. The effect
of various parameters on boiler emissions and efficien-
cy was studied. Parameters studied Included overflre
air, flyash rejection, excess air, boiler load, and fuel
properties. Measurements included gaseous emls-
December 1983 485
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
slona, participate emissions, particle size distribution of
the flyash, and combustible content of the ash. Gas-
eous emissions measured were excess 02, CO2, CO,
NO, S02, and SOS. Sample locations Included the
boiler outlet, multlclone outlet, electrostatic preclplta-
tor outlet, and wet sulfur scrubber outlet. In addition to
test results and observations, the report describes the
facility tested, coals fired, test equipment, and proce-
dures.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Field tests, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Particle size distribution, Electrostatic precipitators,
Scrubbers, Efficiency, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Design criteria, Revisions, Flue gases, Nitrogen
oxide(NO), Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monox-
ide, Sulfur dioxide, Sui.ur trioxide, Wet methods, Air
pollution sampling.
PB-285 174/9 PC A04/MF A01
Simulation of Nutrient Loss from Soils Due to
Rainfall Acidity,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
John 0. Reuss. May 78,56p EPA/600/3-78/053
This paper describes a simulation model that provides
a quantitative system utilizing established relationships
from soil chemistry to predict the most likely effect of
rainfall acidity on the leaching of cations from noncal-
careous soils. The model utilizes the relationships be-
tween lime potential (pH - 1/2pCa) and base satura-
tion. The equilibrium between CO2 partial pressure
and H(+) and HCO3(-) in solution, the apparent solu-
bility product of AL(OH)3, the equilibrium of cations
and anions in solution, the Freundlich isotherm de-
scription of sulfate adsorption, and mass balance con-
siderations, to predict the distribution of ions between
the solution and sorbed or exchangeable phases. Ionic
composition of leachates in response to rainfall com-
position can thus be computed. Ions considered in the
present version are H(+), Ca(2+), AI(+3), SO4(-2),
CI(-)andHCO3(-).
Keywords: 'Rainfall, 'Acidity, 'Soil sciences. Nutri-
ents, Losses, Mathematical models, Calcium oxides,
Plant ecology, Plant nutrition, Soil properties,
Precipltation(Meteorology), Evapotranspiration,
Concentration(Composition), Carbon dioxide, Simula-
tion, Leaching, Cations, Ion exchanging, Soil proper-
ties, Air pollution, Acid rain, Precipitation washout.
PB-285 175/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
Surfactant Effects on Pesticide Photochemistry In
Water and Soil. Final rept. Apr 74-Nov 77,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Richard R. Hautala. Jun 78,83p EPA/600/3-78/060
Contract EPA-R-802959
The effects of surfactants on the photochemical de-
composition of selected pesticides are examined both
In aqueous solution and on selected soil surfaces.
Typical surfactants usually enhance the rate of pesti-
cide phptodecomposition. In solution, increased quan-
tum efficiencies and increased overlap with available
solar irradiation are observed. In addition, surfactants
enhance the solubility of otherwise sparingly soluble
pesticides. Photodecomposition on soil surfaces is In-
efficient. Surfactants enhance the rates of decomposi-
tion in certain cases on soil surfaces, but the effects do
not appear to be sufficiently large to make such a
mode of decomposition competitive. It has been pos-
tulated that the reason pesticide photochemistry on
soils is so inefficient is that excitation energy is lost to
pigments in the soil.
Keywords: 'Surfactants, 'Pesticides, 'Photolysis,
Soils, Water, Decomposition reactions, Photochemical
reactions, Reaction kinetics, Ultraviolet radiation,
Quantum efficiency, Herbicides, Insecticides, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Carbamates,
Acetic acids, D 2-4 herbicide, Carbaryl, Parathion,
Phosphorothioates.
PB-286 188/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Survey of Project* Concerning Conventional
Combustion Environmental Assessment*. Final
task rept. Mar 77-May 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
W. E. Thompson, and J. W. Harrison. Jul 78,206p
EPA/600/7-78/139
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report summarizes Information on activities relat-
ing to the environmental assessment of stationary
conventional combustion processes. The information
was gathered on a nationwide basis and includes ac-
tivities sponsored by government, industry, universi-
ties, and trade associations. Many abstracts of such
work are given in the report. The information obtained
was analyzed to determine its significance relative to a
planning, coordination, and implementation plan being
developed for EPA.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, *Air pollution, 'Re-
search projects, 'Boilers, Financing, Assessments,
Technology, Sources, Industrial wastes, Air pollution
control, Stationary sources, Funding.
PB-285 189/7 PC A03/MF A01
U.S. Aircraft Fleet Projection and Engine Inven-
tory to Year 2000. Technical support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard W. Munt. Feb 78,30p AC-78-02, EPA/TSR/
AC-78/02
Report on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
This report provides a forecast of the number of air-
craft gas turbine engines which must comply with the
proposed revisions to the EPA emissions standards. In
providing this, it also supplies an aircraft forecast
(useful if engines are changed on a given airframe) and
a general engine forecast (useful if other revisions are
proposed). This information may be used directly to
obtain estimates of the total Impact of various stand-
ards and implementation dates and more importantly,
to obtain estimates of the total cost and cost effective-
ness of the standards.
Keywords: 'Aircraft, 'Aircraft engines, 'Air pollution
control, Inventories, Exhaust emission, Air pollution,
Standards, Cost effectiveness, Forecasting, 'Aircraft
modification.
PB-285 191/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Continuous Flow System Using Fish and Am-
phibian Eggs for Bloassay Determinations on Em-
bryonic Mortality and Teratogenesls. Final techni-
cal rept,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Wesley J. Blrge, and Jeffrey A. Black. Apr 77,64p
EPA/560/5-77/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4321
A procedure is described for continuous flow bloas-
says on sensitive developmental stages of fish and
other aquatic species. Environmental toxicants may be
screened for teratogenlc and other embryopathlc ef-
fects (e.g., mortality, locomotor Impairment) on eggs,
embryos, and early juvenile stages. Toxicant concen-
tration may be regulated down to 1.0-0.1 ppb for an ex-
posure period extending from fertilization through 4-7
days posthatching. Bioassays may be performed with
either natural or synthetic water, and standard physi-
cochemical parameters (e.g., temperature, water hard-
ness, pH) can be manipulated independently to deter-
mine effects on toxicity. The procedure is suitable for
use with a wide range of fish and amphibian species,
inducting rainbow trout, channel catfish, largemouth
bass, leopard frog and others. Concerning the toxic ef-
fects of many environmental trace contaminants, em-
bryonic and early juvenile stages constitute the critical
sensitive links In the life cycles of many aquatic animal
species. Reproductive potential of aquatic animals
may be severely restricted or abolished by trace levels
of toxicants which are harmless or sublethal to most
adult organisms.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, 'Amphibia, Bloassay,
Concentration(Composltion), Contaminants, Embryos,
Water pollution, Pathology, Mutations, Eggs, Expo-
sure, Physlcochemlcal properties, Mortality,
Tables(Data), Experimental data, Survival, Lethal
dosage, 'Toxic substances, Teratogenesis, 'Water
pollution effects(An!mals), Trace amounts.
PB-285 200/2 PC A11/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Dlv.
The Distribution of Cadmium and Other Metals In
Human Tissues,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
D. E. Johnson, R. J. Prevost, J. B. Tillery, and R. E.
Thomas. May 78,250p EPA/600/1-78/035
Contract EPA-68-02-1725
The study investigates the relationship between cad-
mium, lead, zinc and mercury burdens and age in five
different autopsy tissues. Approximately 30 autopsy
cases in each of five age groups were studied. Autopsy
cases were from sudden or accidental death victims
living in the same metropolitan area (Dallas, Texas).
Histories were collected on all cases to scertain that a
non-exposed population - with regards to cadmium -
was sampled. Information on cigarette smoking, dis-
eases, etc. was also collected. A concurrent epidemi-
ological study was conducted in the Dallas metropoli-
tan area to investigate the cadmium concentrations in
urine and feces of persons (six age groups) not ex-
posed to cadmium. Statistical evaluation of the data
was performed. Interrelationships between all autopsy
tissues for each metal were examined. Total body bur-
dens of cadmium were calculated for standard man.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Lead(Metal), 'Zinc,
'Mercury(Metal), Statistical data, Humans,
TissuesfBiology), Metals, Age groups, Quality control,
Diseases, Smoking, Urine, Epidemiology, Feces,
Texas, Design, Volunteers, Autopsy, Questionnaires,
Kidney, Liver, Muscles, Pancreas gland, Recommen-
dations, Tables(Data), Dallas(Texas), Heavy metals,
Analytical methods, Adipose tissue, Cigarette smok-
ing.
PB-285 203/6 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Effect of Pesticide Interactions Upon the Repro-
ductive System,
West Virginia Univ. Medical Center, Morgantown.
Dept. of Pharmacology.
John A. Thomas. Jun 78,52p EPA/600/1 -78/044
Grant EPA-R-803578
The metabolism of 1,2-3H-testosterone in vitro was
studied in prostate glands and livers of rats and mice
treated with different pesticides including dieldrin and
parathion. The metabolism of 1,2-3H-testosterone (T-
3H) in vitro by mouse anterior prostate glands or he-
patic microsomes has been studied after the oral ad-
ministration of dieldrin (2.5 mg/kg daily x 5 or 10) and/
or parathion (1.3,2.6, or 5.2 mg/kg daily x 5 or 10). T-
3H metabolism in the prostate was unaffected by the
various treatment regimens. Dieldrin (10 days) caused
some reduction In the microsomal production of an-
drostenedione-3H or dihydrotestosterone-3H. Only
treatment regimes with dieldrin stimulated hepatic tes-
tosterone hydroxylases; parathion alone had no effect.
This study revealed that dieldrin and parathion can in-
teract and produce biological effects different from
those caused by either pesticide alone.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Dieldrin, 'Toxicology,
Tables(Data), Insecticides, In vitro analysis, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Testos-
terone, Sex hormones, Metabolism, Prostate gland,
Liver, Ingestion(Biology), Physiological effects, Sensi-
tivity, Reproductive system, Interactions, Biological ef-
fects, 'Parathion, Phosphorothioic acid/0-0-(dtmethyl-
ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester), 'Toxic substances.
PB-286 208/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Off Ice of Solid Waste.
Identification and Description of Chemical Deacth
vatlon/DetoxIflcatlon Methods for the Safe Dis-
posal of Selected Pesticides. Final technical rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Sheldon S. Lande. May 78,188p SRC-TR-78-522,
EPA/530/SW-165C
Contract EPA-68-01-4487
See also report dated Dec 75, PB-252 864.
This sequel to the Handbook for Pesticide Disposal by
Common Chemical Methods has examined chemical
detoxification/degradation methods for 40 pesticides.
The objectives for this study are the same as de-
scribed In the companion: to develop practical chemi-
cal methods by which the layman can detoxify pesti-
cides and to delineate hazards associated with the de-
486 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
toxiflcatlon methods. The 40 pesticides were selected
on the basis of their toxicologies! properties, their con-
sumption, and their representation or other pesticides.
Chemistry was reviewed for each through literature
search and personal contacts with pesticide manufac-
turers and other sources. Although many of the select-
ed pesticides are susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis,
this approach is only recommended for 1 1 of the pesti-
cides: monocrotophos; phosphamidon; fensulfothion;
PennCap-M (microencapsulated methyl parathion);
disulfoton; phorate; methamidophos; carbofuran; aldi-
carb; methomyl; and captafol. Details for treating each
of the 11 pesticides are presented. No acceptable
chemical detoxification was found for the remaining
pesticides: ronnel; dimethoate; Dyfonate; Def; EPIC;
molinate; thlram; propanil; Diphenamid; chloroxuron;
simazine; cyanazine; Amitrole; paraquat; PCNB; dino-
seb; chloropicrin; chlorobenzilate; endrin; D-D; dibro-
mochloropropane (DBCP); BHC; dicamba; sodium
fluoroacetate (Compound 1080); creosote; and war-
farin.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Pesticides, 'Indus-
trial waste treatment, Detoxification, Hazardous mate-
rials, Phosphorus organic compounds, Nitrogen organ-
ic compounds, Halogen organic compounds, Metal
containing organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Metals, Degradation, Reviews, 'Hazardous materials
disposal, Liquid waste disposal.
PB-285 210/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
Ohio. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Source Assessment: Crushed Sandstone, Quartz,
•nd Quartzlte, State-of-the-Art. Final rept. Mar 75-
Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
P. K. Chalekode, T. R. Blackwood, and R. A. Wachter.
May 78, 69p' MRC-DA-745, EPA/600/2-78/004N
Contract EPA-68-02-1 874
See also report dated May 78, PB-284 029.
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from the crushed sandstone, quartz, and quart-
we industry. Partlculates are emitted from drilling,
blasting, loading and unloading trucks, transport on un-
Paved roads, washing, crushing, screening, conveying,
and stockpiling. The emission factor for resplrable par-
uculates from processing Is 3.6 g/metrtc ton; washing,
screening, crushing, and vehicular movement on un-
paved roads contribute approximately 80% of the
wiue. Free silica is the hazardous constituent of the
emitted dust. Emission factors for carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, and fibers are 1.68 g/metrlc ton, 2.85
9' metric ton, and 1 ,360 fibers/ metric ton, respectively.
in order to evaluate the potential environmental effect
01 this industry, source severity was defined as the
ratio of the maximum ground level concentration of an
emission to be ambient air quality standard for criteria
Pollutants or to a modified TLV for noncriteria pollut-
ants. The maximum source severity due to respirable
"fee silica emission from a representative plant is 0.91 .
y pollution control Is not widely applied to emissions
cru*ned sandstone, quartz, and quartzite oper-
Keywords: 'Mineral industries, 'Air pollution, 'Quarry-
'rjJ. 'Particles, Sandstones, Quartz, Quartzlt.es,
r^ces, Assessments, Crushed stone, Carbon mon-
QXKte, Nitrogen oxides, Fibers, Industrial wastes,
£°ncentratJon(Compo8ltion), Reviews, State of the art,
"ntsston factors, Sandstone industry, Quartz industry,
VJUartzite industry, Stationary sources.
PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
nse ol • Salt March to OH Spill and Cleanup:
and Erosional Effect* In the Hackensack
N»w Jersey. Final rept. May 76-Dec
o., San Mateo, Calif.
g?«£ C. Dlbner. Jun 78,62p EPA/600/7-78/109
Vj°|fcact EPA-68-03-2160
Jjj* Mudy addresses the biological and erosional re-
Jj?"»e of portions of the Hackensack Meadowlands
SSjartne marsh to the Wellen Oil Company number 6
*> oil spill of late May 1976, and the subsequent
""• operations. Cleanup Included cutting and re-
. if oiled grasses of the species Spartina alternl-
1 torn the bank of the Hackensack River. Data
' gathered from several locations along the river
1 and In the inner marsh during four sampling ses-
sions, at approximately 4 month Intervals, throughout
the year following the spill. The productivity of the
marsh plants, the composition of marsh soil Inverte-
brate communities, the presence of oil in the substrate,
and erosional trends were monitored. Results suggest
that cutting heavily oiled Spartina soon after contami-
nation saved the plants from dying by root suffocation.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Cleaning, 'Marshes, 'Estu-
aries, Crude oil, Removal, Sea grasses, Monitoring,
Aquatic plants, Cutting, Contamination, Primary bio-
logical productivity, Plant physiology, Plant tissues,
Substrates, Erosion, Hackensack River, Mortality,
Boats, New Jersey, 'Salt marshes, 'Spartina alterni-
flora, 'Oil spills, Suffocation.
PB-28S 227/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
An Assessment of Mercury Emission! from Fossil
Fueled Power Plants. Final rept.,
Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. ME TREK Div.
Gerald R. Goldgraben, Kit Krickenberger, Paul Clifford,
Norman Zimmerman, and Dennis Martin. Jul 78,106p*
M76-73, EPA/600/7-78/146
Contract EPA-68-01-3539
The study has found no evidence of a health or envi-
ronmental problem as a result of emissions of mercury
from power plants. This conclusion has led to the rec-
ommendation that a specific control program to ad-
dress mercury emissions from power plants is not nec-
essary at this time. It is estimated that power plants
contributed less than 8 percent of the more than 2000
tons of mercury lost to the environment by all man-
made sources in 1974. Studies and scenarios indicate
little or no effect of mercury from power plant emis-
sions on ambient air or water concentrations. Local-
ized increases could occur with soil concentrations.
Direct relationship of the power plant emissions to am-
bient concentrations could not be ascertained. Health
effects, standards and regulations, transport, and
transformations of mercury are discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Mercury(Metal),
Electric power plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Public health, Standards, Regulations, Trans-
port properties, Assessments, Sources, Air pollution,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Technology, Soil analysis,
Concentration(Compositlon), Ecology, 'Fossil-fuel
power plants, Land pollution, Path of pollutants.
PB-285 228/3 PC A07/Mf: A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
A Study of Vegetation Problems Associated with
Refuse Landfills. Research rept. May 75-May 77,
Cook Coll., New Brunswick, N.J.
Franklin B. Flower, Ida A. Leone, Edward F. Oilman,
and John J. Arthur. May 78,142p EPA-600/2-78-094
Grant EPA-R-803762
A mail survey of about 1,000 individuals, was conduct-
ed for the purpose of determining the status of landfill
vegetation growth. Of the 500 people responding,
about 75 percent reported no problems. Twenty-five
percent reported problems on landfills and 7 percent
reported problems with vegetation adjacent to landfills.
Site visits were selected to represent the nine major
climatic regions as defined by Trewartha. About 60 In-
dividual landfills were visited, and comparisons of the
quality of soil atmospheres were made In the root
zones of healthy specimens and Individuals of the
same species that were dead or dying. Comparisons of
soil quality were made likewise. Where landfill gases
were high In concentration, elevated concentrations of
available ammonla-N, moisture and the trace elements
iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were found--
changes similar to those found In flooded soils. Also,
high soil temperatures were found associated with
landfill gases In a number of cases. Landfill vegetation
growth conditions were generally similar for most of
the climatic regions visited.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Plant growth, 'Methane,
•Earth fills, 'Solid waste disposal, Surveys, Decompo-
sition, Carbon dioxide, Refuse, Gases, Climate, Soils,
Comparison, Plant tissues, Mortality, Soil fertility, Am-
monia, Nitrogen, Trace elements, Iron, Manganese,
Copper, Zinc, Land disposal.
PB-2B6 230/9 PC A03/MF A01
Beneficial Disposal of Water Purification Plant
Sludges In Wastewater Treatment. Final rept. Aug
74-Apr 77,
North Marln County Water District, Novato, Calif.
John 0. Nelson, Charles A. Joseph, and Russell L.
Gulp. May 78,33p EPA/600/2-78/089
Grant EPA-S-803336
Prepared in cooperation with Novato Sanitary District
Calif., and Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consult-
ants, Eldorado Hills, Calif.
This report discusses the advantages and disadvan-
tages of the disposal of waste alum sludge from a
water treatment plant to a municipal wastewater treat-
ment plant and Is submitted in fulfillment of Grant No.
803336-01 by Novato Sanitary District and North Marin
County Water District with technical help from Gulp,
Wesner, and Culp. It covers the period from August
1974 to April 1977. The study Indicated no adverse ef-
fects on the sewage treatment process; however,
solids loading to the digester was increased. BOD and
COD removals were not affected; phosphorus removal
was slightly Improved. Settling characteristics of
sludge In secondary clarification were Improved.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Alums, 'Sludge dispos-
al, 'Sewage treatment, Coagulants, Activated sludge
process, Dewatering, Settling, Effluents, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Phosphorus, Fluid flow, Process
charting, Centrituglng, Lagoons(Ponds), Chemical
oxygen demand, North Marin County(Callfornia).
PB-285 232/5 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Lab.
A Study of Forced Aeration Composting of
Wastewater Sludge. Final rept,
Culp, Wesner, Culp - Clean Water Consultants, Eldor-
ado Hills, Calif.
William R. Ettlich, and Anne E. Lewis. Jun 78,66p
EPA/600/2-78/057
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
The overall study objective was to make an Independ-
ent assessment of the forced aeration wastewater
sludge composting method as practiced at Beltsville,
Maryland and Bangor, Maine. A number of visits were
made to both sites to observe operations under all
weather conditions and to gather data. Results of the
study Indicate that forced aeration sludge composting
can be carried out in a satisfactory manner under
nearly all weather conditions including severe New
England winters. A number of problems and potential
problems are Identified along with possible solutions.
Costs are very dependent on the size of the operation
and the methods used.
Keywords: 'Microorganism control(Sewage), 'Sludge
disposal, 'Aeration, 'Sewage treatment, 'Composts,
Sludge digestion, Aerobic processes, Cost estimates,
Odor control, Dlstributlon(Property), Assessments, Pa-
thology, Cost engineering, Weather, Cost estimates,
Field tests, Maryland, Maine, Beltsvllle(Maryland),
Bangor(Malne).
PB-285 240/8 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Nitrification of Secondary Municipal Waste Ef-
fluents by Rotating Blo-Dlscs, Final rept. Jan 75-
Oct77,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Jack A. Borchardt, Shin Jon Kang, and Tai Hak Chung.
Jun 78,163p EPA/600/2-IB/061
Grant R-803407
This study was conducted to determine the effective-
ness of nitrifying secondary effluent with rotating bio-
logical surfaces (RBS). Two municipal effluents ware
evaluated; one was from a high rate trickling filter and
the other was from two-stage, flow through lagoon.
RBS pilot plants were installed at both of the treatment
plants to provide a continuous flow of secondary treat-
ed effluent. Ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate-nitro-
gen were monitored along with other chemical con-
stituents to determine what effect a change In loading,
staging, pH, alkalinity, temperature, speed of rotation,
ana shock loads had on the performance of the RBS.
The RBS pilot plant at the high rate trickling filter plant
provided satisfactory results which showed the effect
on effluent ammonia-nitrogen reductions by operation-
al changes at the RBS pilot plant. The RBS pilot plant
December 1983 487
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at the lagoon system encountered operating difficul-
ties which resulted In an early cancellation for this
phase of the project.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Nitrification, Perform-
ance evaluation, Trickling filtration, Lagoons(Ponds),
Nitrogen, Nitrites, Ammonia, 'Rotating disc process,
Secondary sewage treatment.
PB-285 249/9 PC A02/MF A01
Blomedlcal Data Validation Through an On-Llna
Computer System,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Larry Claxton. May 78,16p EPA/600/1 -78/038
Since health and regulatory decisions are being based
upon the results of many short term tests conducted in
many laboratories, a computerized system for an as-
surance of quality control would be valuable. This
paper presents how quality assurance controls were
Included within the computer programming for a short
term test-trie Salmonella suspension assay for muta-
genesls.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Cpmputer program-
ming, 'Indicator species, 'Information systems, Data
processing, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacteria, Quality
control, Proving, Bioindicators, 'Biomedical intonation
systems, On line information retrieval, "On line com-
puters, Mutagenesis, Medical computer applications.
PB-285 250/7 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
A Manual on: Evaluation and Economic Analytic
of Livestock Waste Management Systems. Final
rept. 21 Jun 76-30 Nov 77,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
R. L White, and D. L. Forster. May 78,320p EPA/600/
2-78/102
Grant EPA-R-804S48
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus.
This manual was developed to describe and evaluate
alternative systems and/or technologies currently
used to handle wastes from livestock facilities of less
than 1,000 animal units. The systems are evaluated
with regard to controlling water pollution and odor nui-
sance. An economic analysis of alternative livestock
waste management systems for dairy, beef, swine,
sheep and poultry facilities is provided. The economic
impact of water pollution control technologies is dis-
cussed. This manual Is intended to be used By environ-
mental planners, regulatory personnel, and livestock
producers. The discussion and evaluation of waste
management systems are related to the regional con-
centration of livestock species and to climatic con-
straints. The economic analysis of alternative waste
systems is done for each species separately and con-
siders fertilizer nutrient return as a benefit.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock, 'Materials
handling, 'Economic analysis, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Manuals, Odor control, Performance evaluation,
Management, Dairy cattle, Beef cattle, Swine, Sheep,
Poultry, Economic impact, Constraints, Climate, Re-
gional planning, Volume, Fertilizers, Cost effective-
ness, Farm management, Alternative planning.
PB-285 261/6 PC A14/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Div. of Solid
Fuel Mining and Preparation.
An Engineering/Economic Analysis of Coal Prep-
aration Plant Operation and Cost. Final rept.,
Hoffman-Muntner Corp., Silver Spring, Md.
Elmer C. Holt, Jr. Jul 78,314p* 5004-2 FR, EPA/600/
7-78-124
Contract DOE-ET-75-C-01-9025
This report presents a discussion of the major physical
coal preparation processes currently available and the
equipment used by each to effect a separation of the
coal from the undesirable constituents such as ash
and pyritic sulfur. Further, eight specific examples of a
wide range of actual preparation plants are examined
from the standpoint of capital and operating and main-
tenance costs to develop a total cost of coal cleaning
for each plant. The preparation plants examined were
all operating as of mid-1977 and span a spectrum of
cleaning processes from a relatively simple jig plant to
rather sophisticated circuits utilizing heavy media, froth
flotation, and thermal drying.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation plants, Coal preparation,
Economic analysis, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Fixed investment, Coal storage, Coal handling, Cy-
clone separators, Sizing screens, Flotation, Cleaning,
Equipment.
PB-28S 264/8 PC A14/MF A01
United States Steel Corporation Number 8 Blast
Furnace, Falrfleld, Alabama. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
12 May 78,311p EPA/904/9-78/007
See also Final statement dated 26 Jul 78, PB-285 265.
The United States Steel Corporation has proposed to
construct a new blast furnace as part of a moderniza-
tion program at the Fairfield Works in Jefferson
County, Alabama. The iron produced by this unit, esti-
mated to be 1,825,999 tons per year, will enable the
company to maintain current production following shut
down of antiquated equipment. The draft EIS address-
es the existing air quality of Jefferson County Alabama
and the existing water quality of Valley Creek and Vil-
lage Creek, the streams receiving wastewater dis-
charged by U.S. Steel. Modeling of the air emissions
and water discharge from the proposed new source
predict the potential impacts of the proposed new
source.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Iron and steel industry, 'Blast furnaces, 'Alabama,
Facilities, Economics, Biology, Forecasting, Soils, Ge-
ology, Hydrology, Design criteria, Substitutes, Sites,
Fairfield(Alabama), Air quality, Water quality, Land use,
Jefferson County(Alabama), United States Steel Cor-
poration.
PB-285 265/5 PC A09/MF A01
United States Steel Corporation Number 8 Blast
Furnace, Falrtleld, Alabama. Final environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
26 Jul 78,180p EPA/904/9-78/015
See also Draft statement dated 12 May 78, PB-285
264.
The United States Steel Corporation has proposed to
construct a new blast furnace as part of a moderniza-
tion program at the Fairfield Works in Jefferson
County, Alabama. The final EIS summarizes the draft
EIS, presents the official transcript of the public hear-
ing and responds to substantive comments made at
the public hearing and submitted In writing. The major
federal action Is the issuance of the new source
NPDES permit allowing discharge of wastewater from
number 8 blast furnace. The agency decision is to
issue the new source NPDES permit.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Iron and steel industry, 'Blast furnaces, 'Alabama,
Substitutes, Sites, Water pollution, Air pollution, Facili-
ties, Sources, Economics, Fairfield(Alabama), Air qual-
ity, Water quality, Jefferson County (Alabama), United
States Steel Corporation.
PB-285 274/7 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Estimating Costs for Water Treatment as a Func-
tion of Size and Treatment Efficiency. Interim rept.
Oct 77-Jun 78,
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp, Santa Ana, Calif.
Robert C. Gumerman, Russell L. Culp, and Sigurd P.
Hansen. Aug 78,297p* EPA/600/2-78/182
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
This interim report discusses unit processes and com-
binations of unit processes which are capable of re-
moving contaminants included in the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Standards. Construction and
Operation and Maintenance cost curves are presented
for 30 unit processes, which are considered to be es-
pecially applicable to contaminant removal. The Final
Report for this project will include similar cost curves
for over 100 unit processes. All costs are presented in
terms of January 1978 dollars, but a discussion is in-
cluded on cost updating. For construction cost, either
of two methods may be used. One is to use indices
which are specific in the eight categories used to de-
termine construction cost. The second is use of an all-
encompassing index, such as ENR Construction Cost
Index. Operation and maintenance requirements may
be readily updated or adjusted to local conditions,
since labor requirements are expressed in hours per
year, and electrical requirements in kilowatt-hours per
year.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Cost analysis, Potable
water, Performance evaluation, Efficiency, Operating
costs, Maintenance, Process charting, Design criteria,
Economics, Regulations, Tables(Data), Graphs.
PB-285 275/4 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Nitrate Removal from Water Supplies by Ion Ex-
change. Final rept. Aug 75-Dec 76,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Dennis A. Clifford, and Walter J. Weber. Jun 78, 311 p
EPA/600/2-78-052
Grant EPA-R-803898
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-277 092.
Anion exchange using synthetic organic resins Is a
proven and practical technology for the removal of ni-
trate from water supplies. However, disposal of the
spent regenerant brine solution containing nitrate is a
potential problem. Two processes were examined in
detail in this report-single-bed strong-base anion ex-
change with NaCI regeneration and two-bed strong-
acid, weak-base ion exchange with HCI and NH40H
regeneration. Both systems must be operated to ni-
trate breakthrough to minimize regeneration costs.
The two-bed process is one and one-half to two times
as expensive to build and operate as is the single-bed
process, but produces softened low-TDS, low-nitrate
water, and has a readily disposable, spent regenerant
with fertilizer value. Important design considerations
were found to include the nitrate and sulfate concen-
trations in the raw water, the service flow rate, the
resin bed depth, and the nitrate/chloride selectivity of
the resin. The sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and bicarbon-
ate selectivities and multicomponent column behavior
of the anion resins available from U.S. manufacturers
were examined and are reported in detail. An impor-
tant peripheral finding was that significant quantities of
nonvolatile organics were leached from 'clean' resins
into the treated water.
Keywords: 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Ion exchange resins,
'Water treatment, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), Technology, Potable water, Anlons, Statistical
analysis, Numerical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Isotherms, Selectivity, Demineralizing.
PB-285 369/5 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Quality Assurance Guidelines for Biological Test-
ing.
Tracer Jitco, Inc., Rockville, Md.
Aug 78,600p* EPA/600/4-78/043
Contract EPA-68-03-2462
The guideline document was prepared to address the
need for a manual of quality assurance practices
aimed specifically at biological testing. These guide-
lines draw from the good practices published for ana-
lytical and clinical laboratories, and incorporate obser-
vations made in a number of U.S. EPA laboratories,
contractor laboratories, and biological research labo-
ratories in general. As quality assurance aspects of
biological testing depend on the particular test sys-
tems being used, these guidelines cover the general
aspects of quality assurance, aquatic bioassay, micro-
biologic assay, and mammalian bioassay. Hopefully,
attention to the principles presented in this document
will assist in improving the validity and integrity of the
data generated by biological testing.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, Evaluation, Accuracy,
Precision, Guidelines, Bioassay, Aquatic biology, Mi-
croorganisms, Mammals, Chemical compounds,
Agents, Specifications, Measurement, Models, Con-
trol, Tables(Data), Objectives, Policies, Standards,
Sampling, Plankton, Fishes, Birds, Plants(Botany), Ex-
perimental design, Analyzing, 'Biological testing.
488 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-285 376/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of a
Massive Volume Air Sampler of Sized Resplrable
Partlculate Matter. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
R. I. Mitchell, W. M. Henry, and N. C. Henderson. Jun
78,137p EPA/600/4-78/031
Contract EPA-68-02-2281
A prototype sampler which collects airborne panicu-
late matter in three stages, 3.5 micrometers, 1.7 mi-
crometers, and below 1.7 micrometers (the cutoffs of
which closely fit the ACQIH respirable size curve) was
constructed previously. Component failures and oper-
ational difficulties of the prototype were reviewed, and
Improvements made. The improvements consisted pri-
marily of design modification and changes in the mate-
rials of construction to provide for better strength, du-
rability, and to insure unattended operation and ease
of maintenance. The re-designed samplers were
tested experimentally. The reproducibility between two
samplers operating in parallel was better than 5 per-
cent, and efficiencies up to 99 percent. Test proce-
dures and results for reproducibility, sharpness of
cutoff stages and collection efficiencies are given In
the text The use of a conductive Teflon-clad electro-
static collector constitutes a significant advance. This
faport contains a narrative description of the work
done, an equipment, materials and supplier list, and
copies of engineering drawings to permit construction
of the sampler described.
Keywords: *Air samplers, 'Particles, Design, Air pollu-
tion, Samplers, Performance evaluation, Aerosols, Ef-
ficiency, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-286 381/0 PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Turbo-Dyne Energy Chamber
(Q:R:Valve Trademark) - An Air Bleed Device,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
r. Peter Hutchins, and James M. Kranig. Apr 78,22p
78-2-FPH
This Investigation Involved the testing of an air bleed
device, known as G:R:Valves (trademark), marketed
by N.C. Industries. This test was done at the request of
vie Federal Trade Commission. Advertisements for
this device claimed that it would 'lower exhaust con-
taminants,' Improve fuel economy, etc. The test was
done to evaluate actual results with advertisement
claims. The test results are presented in tabular form.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Air intakes, "Air pol-
lution control equipment, 'Fuel consumption, Exhaust
emissions, Valves, Installation, Performance tests.
PB-285 382/8 PC A03/MF A01
f miMlons and Fuel Economy Teetlng of a Naval
Academy Heat Balanced Engine (NAHBE).
Environmental Protection Agonoy, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Apr78,28p78-1-AB
Various efforts of Naval Academy researchers have
been directed toward improving the combustion cycle
of spark ignition engines. During the past several years
they have developed a technique which is based on
Pressure exchange between two zones in the combus-
wn chamber thereby achieving a heat balanced cycle
(NAHBE) which supposedly combines the best char-
acteristics of the Diesel and Otto cycles. In 1977 EPA
*as requested to test an engine modified to the
NAHBE configuration. Due to the required break-In of
new engines, the testing was done In early 1978. The
tMts involved characterizing the fuel economy and
omission of the test engines under operating condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Spark Ignition engines, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Fuel consumption. Thermal efficiency, Fuel
systems, Tests, 'Heat balanced engines.
fB-286 393/6 PC A02/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Partlculate Technology Branch.
fwnoulate Control Highlight*: Research on Fabric
FNtnrtlon Technology. Special rept. Nov 77-May 78,
gCACorp.,BedforaVMass
".Dennis, and N. F. Surprenant. Jun 78,20p* EPA/
800/8-78/005D
Contract EPA-68-02-2177
See also PB-284 481.
The report highlights significant developments in fabric
filtration technology. It reviews results of several field
and laboratory studies performed over the last 10
years, by or under the sponsorship of the EPA, so that
the reader may be better able to assess filtration
equipment capabilities and limitations. A background
of fabric filter design and operational concepts is fol-
lowed by a sampling of actual field performance with
various coal fly ash aerosols and a description of an
operational mobile pilot filter system that is used to fa-
cilitate the selection of operating parameters, fabric
type, and method of fabric cleaning. Fabric weave and
constituents are discussed with respect to their bear-
ing on working temperatures, method of cleaning,
fabric life, pressure loss, and dust retention. Attention
Is also called to the impact of plnhole or pore leakage
on collection efficiency and effluent size properties.
The pros and cons of increasing alr-to-cloth ratio (face
velocities) to reduce fabric and other capital costs are
compared with attendant disadvantages of increased
power needs and higher emission rates. Pilot and
bench scale tests show that effluent concentrations in-
crease very rapidly with face velocity. Recently devel-
oped modeling concepts that provide realistic predic-
tions of glass fiber performance with coal fly ash are
reviewed
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Particles,
Technology, Field tests, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Fly ash, Coal, Aerosols, Design criteria,
Leaks, Glass, Cleaning, Dust, 'Fabric filters, State of
the art, Specific resistance coefficients.
PB-286 397/6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Water Consumption and Costs for Various Steam
Electric Power Plant Cooling Systems. Final rept.
Oct77-Jan78,
Cameron Engineers, Denver, Colo.
M. C. Hu, G. F. Pavlenco, and G. A. Englesson. Aug 78,
HOp* EPA/600/7-78/157
Contract EPA-68-01 -4337
The report gives results of a state-of-the-art study, ad-
dressing consumptive water use and related costs of
various steam electric power plant cooling systems,
the availability of water for all uses by area, and the
Impact of legal constraints on water use in the U.S.
Keywords: 'Steam power plants, 'Electric power
plants, 'Cooling systems, 'Water cooling, 'Water con-
sumption, Water resources, Cooling towers, Water
supply, Evaporation, Cooling ponds, Once-through
cooling systems, Legislation, Water rights, Water pol-
lution, Cost comparison, Cost analysis, Regulations,
Constraints, Mathematical models, Reviews, Station-
ary sources, Brady model, Hardbeck model, State of
the art.
PB-285 411/6 PC A07/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Illinois Lakes,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
M.K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hlatt,
and S. C. Hem. May 78,134p EPA/600/3-78/050
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 31 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey In the State of Illinois.
Results from the calculation of several water quality In-
dices are also Included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes,
Surveys, Nutrients, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Sulfates, Concentration(Composltlon), Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Chlorophylls, Plankton,
Fresh water biology, Environmental impacts, Hydrol-
ogy, Stream flow, Tables(Data), Assessments, Aquatic
microbiology, Illinois, 'Water quality data, 'Eutrophlca-
tlon, Trophic level, Organic loading, Species diversity,
Blolndtcators.
PB-286 419/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Dry.
Intercomparlson of Samplers Used In the Deter-
mination of Aerosol Composition. Final rept,
California Univ., Llvermore. Lawrence Livermore Lab.
David C. Camp, Allan L. Van Lehn, and Billy W. Loo.
Jul 78,1 SZp EPA/600/7-78/118
Prepared In cooperation with Department of Energy,
Washington, D.C. and California Univ., Berkeley. Law-
rence Berkeley Lab.
An intercomparison study was carried out to evaluate
the performance of 11 different designs of aerosol
samplers. The samplers were operated by participat-
ing scientific groups having recognized expertise in
sampler development and operation. The devices
tested include hl-vol, TWO MASS, cyclone, CHAMP,
streaker, stacked filter and manual and automated di-
chotomous samplers. The samplers were operated In
Charleston WV for eight consecutive days during May
of 1977. The collection surfaces of each sampler were
changed at least every 12 hours which enabled the in-
tercomparison to be made for 16 sampling periods.
The collected samples were returned to the laboratory
of each participant and analyzed for mass, nitrate,
sulfur or sulfate, lead, and 9 other elements. Most of
the samplers separated the aerosol into two fractions
with 50% separation diameters ranging from 2.4 mi-
crometers to 4.3 micrometers. The upper 50% cutoff
diameter for the various samplers ranged from 14 mi-
crometers to about 30 micrometers. Best agreement
among samplers was found for elements such as
sulfur and lead that occurred primarily in the fine frac-
tion. The amount of total mass collected was strongly
influenced by the upper 50% cutoff diameter of each
sampler. For stacked filter samplers and the tandem
filter samplers, the fine fraction appeared to be en-
riched with crustal elements such as SI, Ca, and Fe,
which suggests that there ere particle bounce errors.
Of all the samplers tested, the automatic dlchotomoua
sampler showed the greatest precision.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Samples, 'Gas detectors,
Design criteria, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Mass, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfur,
Sulfates, Lead(Metal), Calcium, Iron, Silicon, Quality
control, Tables(Data), Particles, Error analysis, Com-
parison, Field tests, Numerical analysis,
Concentration(Composltlon), 'Air pollution detection.
PB-285 420/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
Ohio.
Source Assessment: Water Pollutants from Coal
Storage Areas. Final task rept. Nov 76-Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. A. Wachter, and T. R. Blackwood. May 78,123p*
MRC-DA-748, EPA/600/2-78/004M
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
Errata sheet Inserted. See also report dated Jun 78,
PB-283 699 and PB-286 421.
This report describes a study of water pollution levels
that result from coal stockpiles maintained outdoors. A
representative source was defined to characterize the
pollution levels. Effluent data was obtained by placing
coals, collected from various regions In the U.S., under
a rainfall simulator. Drainage samples were analyzed
for water quality parameters, organic and Inorganic
substances, and pollutants covered by effluent limita-
tions. Coal drainage effluent concentrations, rates,
and factors were determined. Hydrologlc relationships
were used to calculate the diluted concentrations en-
tering a waterway. The ratio of this level to water qual-
ity criteria was determined as an Indication of the po-
tential environmental impact.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, Leaching,
Storage, Rainfall, Sources, Drainage,
Concentration(Composltlon), Ratea(Costa), Hydrol-
ogy, Environmental Impacts, Water quality, Simulation,
WaterwaysfWatercourses), States(Unlted States),
Statistical data, Mathematical models.
PB-286 421/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Source Assessment: Prlorltlzstlon of Stationary
Water Pollution Sources. Final task rept. Aug 78-
Sep77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
R. B. Reznlk, E. C. Elmutfe. J. L. Delaney, S. R. Archer,
and J. C. Ochsner. Jul 78,137p« MRC-DA-710. EPA/
600/2-78/004Q
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
December 1983 489
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also report dated May 78, PB-285 420.
The report gives priority lists to aid in selecting specific
sources of water effluents for detailed assessment. It
describes the general water prioritization model, ex-
plains its implementation, and gives a detailed exam-
ple of its use. It describes hazard factors that were de-
veloped to prioritize specific sources. Various indus-
tries (source types) were rank-ordered (prioritized) on
the basis of their water discharges. Solid residues
were assumed to contribute to water discharges as
leachates or water runoff. The prioritization index for
water, termed the impact factor, is based on a ratio of
actual to hazardous effluent mass. The water dis-
charge prioritization model was applied to 262 station-
ary organic and inorganic sources. The source types
were also divided into lour subcategories (petrochemi-
cals, textiles, pesticides, and fertilizers) and prioritized.
Keywords: 'Industries, 'Ranking, 'Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Hazards, Sources, Residues,
Leaching, Runoff, Toxicity, Solids, Pesticides, Fertiliz-
ers, Petrochemistry, Textiles, Petroleum industry, Tex-
tile industry, Assessments, Environmental impacts,
Priorities.
PB-285 429/7 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EmlMlon Characterization of Stationary NOx
Sources: Volume II. Data Supplement. Special
rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, Calif. Energy and Envi-
ronmental Div.
K. G. Salvesen, M. Herther, K. J. Wolfe, and E. Chu.
Aug 78,286p EPA/600/7-78/120B
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also Volume 1, PB-284 520.
This is part of 10 special reports on the environmental
assessment of stationary source NOx combustion
modification technologies program. The program has
two main objectives: (1) to identify the multimedia envi-
ronmental impact of stationary combustion sources
and NOx combustion modification controls; and (2) to
identify the most cost-effective, environmentally sound
NOx combustion modification controls for attaining
and maintaining current and projected N02 air quality
standards to the year 2000. The emissions character-
ization effort documented in Volume I of this report
provides supporting data to subsequent efforts.
volume II contains the appendices to this report. They
are presented as follows: Regional fuel consumption
tables for 1974; National fuel consumption tables for
1985 and 2000; National criteria pollutant emissions
for 1974; National emissions inventory for 1974; Re-
gional stationary source combustion controls; National
source pollution potential assessment for 1974; Pollu-
tion potential summaries for the energy projection sce-
narios In 1985 and 2000, and Pollution potential trends
to the year 2000 for the energy projection scenarios.
These appendices support the report documentation
given in Volume I.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, 'Fuel con-
sumption, Tables(Data), Inventories, Trends, Fore-
casting, Stationary sources, Pollution potential.
PB-285 430/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Human Population Expo»ure» to Mirex and
Kepon*. Criteria document,
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Center for
Resource and Environmental Systems Studies.
Benjamin E. Suta. May 78,150p CRESS-26, EPA/
600/1-78/045
Contract EPA-68-01-4314
Human exposures to mirex and kepone are assessed
in this study. Three major paths of exposure are exam-
ined: ingestion through the food chain, inhalation of at-
mospheric mirex and kepone, and exposure through
drinking water. Exposure through the food chain ap-
pears to be the most pressing current problem. Var-
ious species of commercially caught fish in certain
areas of the country have been found to contain slight
amounts of the compounds. It is difficult to obtain esti-
mates of the human exposure from sport fith, but evi-
dence seems to suggest that sportsmen and their fam-
ilies may be exposed through fish. Also, game cap-
tured in the southeastern U.S. has been found to con-
tain the compounds. Kepone has been found in moth-
ers' milk in some areas of the country. Atmospheric ex-
posures are not considered terribly great now, since
the compounds are no longer produced and the major
atmospheric exposures are believed to be occupation-
al exposure at the producing factory and exposure to
workers' families from clothing, etc. Human exposure
to mirex and kepone from drinking water supplies does
not appear to be a problem, since both compounds are
very insoluble in water. Exposure through tobacco was
also considered.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Exposure,
Humans, Insecticides, Chlorine alaphatic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Milk, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Potable water, Concentration(Composition),
Inhalation, Food chains, Contamination, Smoking,
Food consumption, Fishes, Dosage, Risk, Populations,
United States, Mirex, Kepone, Mothers, toxic sub-
stances, Environmental exposure pathway, Bioaccu-
mulation, Environmental persistence, Pesticide resi-
dues, Drinking water.
PB-285 433/9 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
A Computer-Bated Cascade Impactor Data Re-
duction System. Final rept. for Feb 77-Jan 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, Ala.
J. W. Johnson, G. I. Clinard, L. G. Felix, and J. D.
McCain. Mar 78, 604p SORI-EAS-78-422, EPA/600/7-
78/042
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report describes a cascade impactor data reduc-
tion system written in the Fortran IV language. The
overall system incorporates six programs: MPPROG,
SPLIN1, GRAPH, STATIS, PENTRA, and PENLOG.
Impactor design, paniculate catch information, and
sampling conditions from single impactor runs are
used to calculate particle size distributions. MPPROG
and SPLIN1 perform data analyses and make curve
fits. GRAPH is totally devotee) to various forms of
graphical presentation of the calculated distributions.
The particle size distributions can be output in several
forms. STATIS averages data from multiple impactor
runs under a common condition. PENTRA or PENLOG
calculates the control device penetration and/or effi-
ciency. The plotting routines have been written for a
PDP15/76 computer and are not compatible with other
computing systems without modification.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Data reduction,
•Computer programs, Impactors, Fortran, Data analy-
sis, Numerical analysis, 'Cascade impactors, PDP-15/
76 computers, MPPROG computer program, SPLIN1
computer program, GRAPH computer program,
STATIS computer program, PENTRA computer pro-
gram, PENLOG computer program.
PB-285 434/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
Ohio.
Evaporative Recovery of Chromium Plating Rinse
Waters. Final rept,
Advance Plating Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Leonard N. Slicker, and Roger W. Lacy. Jun 78,52p
EPA/600/2-78/127
Grant EPA-S-803781
Prepared in cooperation with Corning Glass Works,
NX
This demonstration project documents the practicality
of a new evaporative approach for recovering chromic
acid from metal finishing rinse waste waters, as well as
the economics of the system under actual operating
conditions. The six-month study of chrome plating op-
erations was conducted by Advance Plating Company
in Cleveland, Ohio. The design of the recovery system
centered around a Corning PCR-60 climbing-film evap-
orative recovery unit manufactured by Corning Glass
Works, a cation exchange column and monitoring
equipment. The test design established a preliminary
data base from Information collection prior to system
operation. Histories of chemical use were also com-
piled to aid in the cost analysis. The active study pro-
gram involved collecting and evaluating data to deter-
mine the economics of the recovery approach as well
as investigating the effects ol varying rinse flow rates
economics and rinsing quality. Results of the study
showed that the system can be accommodated with
little impact on the existing operation. The recovered
chromic acid can be recycled back into the bath with-
out affecting product quality. The recovery system can
decrease chromic acid consumption significantly and
is economically viable.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Chromium,
'Electroplating, 'Evaporation, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Metal finishing, Economics, Design criteria,
Monitoring, Chromic acid, Materials recovery, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Waste recycling.
PB-285 435/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Anlon Exchange Method for the Determination of
Plutonium In Water: Single-Laboratory Evaluation
and Interlaboratory Collaborative Study. Report
for 20 May 76-17 Jun 77,
Mound Facility, Miamisburg, Ohio.
C. T. Bishop, A. A. Glosby, R. Brown, and C. A. Phillips.
Jun 78,80p MLM-2425, EPA/600/7-78/122
This report gives the results of a single-laboratory eval-
uation and an interlaboratory collaborative study of a
method for determining plutonium in water. The
method was written for the analysis of 1-liter samples
and involved coprecipitation, acid dissolution, anion
exchange, electrodeposition, and alpha pulse-height
analysis. The complete method is given in the first ap-
pendix to the report. After the single-laboratory evalua-
tion of the selected method, four samples were pre-
pared for the collaborative study. There were two river
water samples, a substitute ocean water sample, and a
sample containing sediment. These samples con-
tained plutonium-239 and a plutonium-238 at concen-
trations ranging from 0.42 to 28.9 dis/min/liter. Stand-
ard deviations of the collaborative study plutonium
concentrations ranged from 5% to 13%. In three
cases standard deviations agreed with what was ex-
pected from counting statistics. It is believed that hy-
drolysis occurred in the river water samples resulting in
errors greater than what was expected from counting
statistics.
Keywords: 'Plutonium, 'Water analysis, 'Radioactive
contaminants, Quantitative analysis, Anion exchang-
ing, Chemical analysis, Quality assurance, Accuracy,
Water quality, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-285 436/2 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Population at Risk to Various Air Pollution Expo-
sures: Data Base 'POPATRISK'. Final rept Oct 75-
Dec 77,
System Sciences, Inc., Chapel Hill, N.C.
Sandor J. Freedman, Elsa Lewis-Heise, Joseph D.
Wilson, and Albert V. Hardy. Jun 78, 144p EPA/600/1-
78/051
Contract EPA-68-02-2269
The work reported was undertaken to provide the EPA
with a user-oriented data base containing recent
county-based information, for all counties in the contig-
uous United States, on population demographics, pop-
ulation mobility, climatology, emissions, air quality, and
age-adjusted death rates. The completed data base,
called 'POPATRISK,' contains approximately 27.5 mil-
lion characters and is in SYSTEM 2000, Version 2.80
format, facilitating access with minimal user computer
training. Population demographics are as of the 1970
Census; population mobility is described spanning the
years 1965 to 1970 for 6 sex-race categories In 7 age
groupings for both 'in' and 'out' migrants climatology
information contains county summaries of tempera-
ture, precipitation and hours of sunshine; county point
and area source emission estimates are provided for»
criteria pollutants-TSP, SO2, N02, CO, and Ozone-
based on the NEDS-USER (lie; air quality information
is based on 1974 data contained in SAROAD; age-ad-
justed death rates were computed for the combine0
years 1969, 1970, and 1971 for 4 sex-race categories
In 50 groupings of ICDA categories (8th revision).
Keywords: 'Data bases, 'Information systems, Coun-
ties, National government, United States, Demoor*'
phy, Mobility, Mortality, Climatology, Air pollution, Sax-
Age groups, Socloeconomic status, Tables(0«W'
Populations, Exposure, Data sources. Health inforrnj-
tlon systems, Health risks, Environmental Protection
Agency, Air quality, Race.
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-285 437/0 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
A Study of the Feasibility of Utilizing Solid Waste*
for Bunding Material*. Phase III and IV Summary
Report*. Final rept. Sep 75-Mar 78.
Material Systems Corp., Escondido, Calif.
May 78,192p* EPA/800/2-78/111
Contract EPA-68-03-2056
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-279 441, PB-279 440
and PB-271007.
This report summarizes work to develop building mate-
rials containing inorganic and organic wastes and
wastes-deriveclproducts. Attempts were made to pro-
duce full-scale products and qualify them for structural
applications. Particle board panels were made of
peanut hulls and wood waste on production-type
equipment. Particle boards of peanut hulls have me-
chanical properties that are slightly less desirable than
those of commercially available boards, and the eco-
nomics are marginal. However, particle board panels
of wood waste can be competitive with commercial
products. Two hour, fire-rated structural walls made
from inorganic rice hull foam could also be viable, as
could floors, roofs, ceilings, and the 90-mlnute, fire-
rated door with a rice-hull foam core and a wood-waste
frame. These tests completed generation of the data
required for building code approval.
Keywords: 'Construction materials, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Reclamation, Agricultural
wastes, Fire resistant materials, Particle boards, Wood
wastes, Composite materials, Reinforced plastics,
Panels, Ceilings, Roofs, Walls, Laboratory tests, Me-
chanical properties, Performance evaluation, Bulld-
[Pfls, Cost estimates, Waste recycling, Rice hulls,
Peanut shells.
fB-285 438/8 PC A02/MF A01
'mercomparlson of Plutonlum-239 Measurements.
gnal rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Lee H. Ziegler. Jun 78, 1 7p EPA/600/7-78/ 1 05
["J977 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency dis-
tributed calibrated solutions of plutonlum-239 to labo-
Wones interested In participating in an intercompari-
•on study of plutonium analysis. Participants were
^solution. The results reported by all the parttcipat-
£8 laboratories are given here. Eighty-eight percent of
?* reported activity values were within plus or minus
rtu«»« 'or testing. Accordingly, the TSCA
Testing Committee, which Is composed of
1 (rom 'nose concerned Federal agen-
. provides to the Administrator of the En-
«on» n? Protection Agency (EPA) recommends-
trato, ii cnemical» «nd mixtures to which the Admlnis-
j>" would give priority consideration for the promul-
rules. The substances tested are
. phosphates, chlorinated naphtha-
."cnloromethane, halogenated alkyl epoxldes,
-ted terphenyls, pyrldine, and 1,1,1-trichlor-
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Classifica-
tions, Committees, Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation,
Recommendations, Toxicology, Metabolism, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Mutations, Tests, Amides, Chloro-
methanes, Pyrldines, Chlorine organic compounds, Or-
ganic phosphates, Environmental health, Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act, Public Law 94-469, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Bioaccumulation, Carcinogenesis, Mutagene-
sls, Teratogenesis, Acrylamide, Ethane/trichloro, Poly-
chlorinated terphenyls, Naphthalene/perchloro, Ter-
phenyl/perchloro, Aryl phosphates.
PB-285 440/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Effect* of Increased Coal Utiliza-
tion Ecological Effect* of Qaseou* Emission*
from Coal Combustion. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Norman R. Glass. Jun 78,62p* EPA/600/7-78/108
This report is provided for the 'Health and Environmen-
tal Effects of Coal Utilization' Committee which was
created by the request of the DOE In response to the
President s Environmental Message. It evaluates eco-
logical environmental effects of gaseous emissions
and aerosols of various types which result from coal
combustion. The report deals with NOx, SOx fine par-
ticulate, photochemical oxidant and acid precipitation
as these pollutants affect natural and managed re-
sources and ecosystems. The economic implications
of ecological effects are identified within acceptable
limits. In addition, the reliability of the data base upon
which conclusions or estimates are made is evaluated
to the degree possible. Aquatic and terrestrial effects
are distinguished where the pollutants in question are
clearly problems in both media. Sulfur oxide (SOx)
looted to be higher in 1985 and 2000 than in 1975.
Since SOx and NOx are major contributors to acid pre-
cipitation, substantial increases In total acid deposition
can be expected in the nation as a whole. At present,
acid precipitation is most abundant in the North Cen-
tral and Northeastern States. Estimates of the non
health-related cost of air pollutants range from several
hundred million dollars per year to $1.7 billion dollars
per year. In general, these estimates include only
those relatively easily measured considerations such
as crop losses result-from acute pollution episodes or
cost of frequent repainting as a result of air pollution.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
•Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Environmental Im-
pacts, Particles, Oxidizers, Economic impact,
Plants(Botany), Acidity, Forestry, Visibility, Animal
ecology, Plant ecology, 'Coal combustion, Ecosys-
tems. Air pollution effects(Materials), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Precipi-
tation washout, Add rain, Photochemical oxidants.
PB-286 452/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Evaluation of X-Ray Fluorescence Analyst* for
the Determination of Arsenic, Vanadium, Cadmi-
um, Lead and Mercury In Various Matrices. Final
rept. Jun 77,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
P. A. Pella, R. L. Myklebust, M. M. Darr, and K. F. J.
Heinrich. Oct 76,32p NBSIR-77-1211
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Limits of detection for arsenic, vanadium, cadmium,
lead and mercury have been determined with a wave-
length-dispersive or energy-dispersive spectrometry,
or with both, In various matrices consisting of cuprlc
oxide, ferric oxide, lead oxide, coal and fly ash.
Keywords: 'X ray analysis, 'Chemical analysis, 'Ar-
senic 'Vanadium, 'Cadmium, 'Lead(Metal),
'MefCury(Metal), Samples, Coal, Fly ash, Copper
oxides, Iron oxides, Lead oxides,
Concentratlon(CompositionX Performance evaluation,
Specuocnemical analysis, X ray analysis, 'X ray flu-
orescence analysis.
PB.2U 473/S PC A04/MF A01
MunWpal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, N.J.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Htoh Rate Nutrient Removal for Combined Sewer
SvVnowV Bench Scale end Demonstration Scale
. Inc.. Syracuse, N.Y.
C. 8. Murphy, Jr., Orest Hrycyk, and William T.
Gleason. Jun 78, 75p EPA/600/2-78/056
Grant EPA-S-802400
Sponsored in part by Onondaga County Dept. of Public
Works, Syracuse, N.Y. Div. of Drainage and Sanitation.
A high rate physical/chemical treatment system has
been evaluated for the removal of suspended solids
and the macronutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen,
from combined sewer overflow. The system utilized a
single unit process concept consisting of in-line chemi-
cal addition, coagulation, flocculation, high rate filtra-
tion and Ion exchange. The results of this program
have demonstrated that the simultaneous removal of
suspended solids, phosphorus, and ammonia-nitrogen
from a combined sewer overflow is feasible using the
high rate unit process concept. Suspended solids re-
moval ranged from 90-100% with alum and polymer
dosages of 220 mg/l and 1 mg/l, respectively. Alum
dosages resulting in AI/P molar ratios greater than 1.4
were effective in reducing the total inorganic phospho-
rus (TIP) concentrations from greater man 10 mg/l to
less than 0.9 mg/l. The clinoptilolite was effective in
reducing the ammonia level to below the detectable
levels of 0.02 mg/l NH3-N. Influent NH3-N concentra-
tions ranging from 0.2 to 16 mg/l were reduced below
detectable levels during the initial period of contact.
The effective exchange capacity of clinoptilolite was
found to range from 0.20 to 0.64 meq NH3-N/g clinop-
tilolite as the influent NH3-N concentration ranged
from 7.5 to 16 mg/l, respectively.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers,
'Nutrients, Ion exchange resins, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Coagulation, Flocculation, Sewage filtration, Ammo-
nia, Overflows, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Feasibility,
Concentration(Composition), Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Physical chemical
treatment, Clinoptilolite, Storm water runoff.
PB-28S 480/0 PC A14/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines for the Pesticide Chemicals Manufac-
turing, Point Source Category. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
George M. Jett. Apr 78, 322p EPA/440/1-78/060E
This document presents the findings of studies of the
pesticide chemical manufacturing point source catego-
ry for the purpose of developing effluent limitations
guidelines for existing point sources to implement Sec-
tions 301 (b) and 304(b) and of the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 and
1314(b) and 86 Stat. 816 et. seq.) (the 'Act'). Effluent
limitations guidelines contained herein represent the
application of the Best Practicable Control Technology
Currently Available (BPT) as required by section 301 (c)
of the Act. The pesticide chemicals manufacturing
point source category is divided into three subcategor-
les on the basis of the characteristics of the manufac-
turing processes involved and the types of products
produced. The three subcategories are: the organic
pesticide chemical subcategory, the metallo-organic
pesticide chemical subcategory and the pesticide
chemical formulation and packaging subcategory.
Cost estimates have been developed Tor model treat-
ment systems which are capable of attaining the efflu-
ent limitations. Supporting data and rationale for devel-
opment of the effluent limitations are contained in this
report and supporting file records.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Pesticides, 'Water
pollution, 'Water pollution control, Standards, Costs,
inventories, Flow charting, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Herbicides,
Fungicides, Carbamates, Thlocarbamates, Amines,
Trtazines, Guidelines, Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972, Point sources, "Water pollu-
tion standards, Best technology.
PB-28S 484/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Optimum Meteorological end Air Pollution Sam-
pling Network Selection In Cities. Volume I:
Theory and Design for St. Louis,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Fred M. Vukovich, Walter D. Bach, Jr., and C. Andrew
Clayton. Jun 78, 154p EPA/600/4-78/030
Contract EPA-68-03-2187
December 1983 491
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A technique was developed to establish an optimum
meteorological and air pollution sampling network in
urban areas. The basis of the network Is the wind field
In the urban area rather than the air pollution distribu-
tion because It provided a solution with longer-term
stability than the air pollution distribution. Three specif-
ic models are required in order to determine the opti-
mum network. These are: a three-dimensional hydro-
dynamic model; a statistical model; and an objective
variations! analysis model. The primitive equation
model is used to simulate the wind field for a variety of
cases. These simulated data were used to determine
the form of a regression model which approximates
the various wind fields. A regression model form was
then used, along with a set of potential network sites,
and a criterion for judging alternative networks to
derive the sampling network for the winds. The method
used to develop the network Involved the successive
elimination of candidate sites until a reasonably sized
network was achieved. The air pollution distribution is
obtained through an objective variational analysis
model. The model simultaneously minimizes the error
variance by comparing observed pollution concentra-
tions with derived pollution concentrations and the
error variance of the constraint equation.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, Sampling, Air pollution,
Sites, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Carbon monoxide,
Wind(Meteorology), Sensitivity, Atmospheric motion,
Networks, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality, 'Saint
Louls(Mlssouri), Numerical solutions.
PB-285 498/2 PC A07/MF A01
Vancouver Lake Reclamation Study, Port of Van-
couver. Clark County, Washington. Final environ-
mental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash.
Region X.
Jul 78,142p EPA/910/9-77/046
Prepared in cooperation with Wilsey and Ham, Port-
land, Oreg.
This report is the final Environmental Impact State-
ment on proposed reclamation plan for Vancouver
Lake, Vancouver, Wa. The plan will involve dredge and
fill procedures and construction of a flushing channel
to improve the water quality of the lake. It recommends
project funding with grant conditions to protect wet-
land and fishery resources in the lake.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Environmental impact state-
ments - final, 'Vancouver Lake, 'Washington(State),
Water pollution, Land reclamation, Water quality, Im-
provement, Recommendations, Fisheries, Grants, Fi-
nancing, Earth fills, Vancouver(Washington).
PB-285 S31/0 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Market Input/Output Analysis of Select-
ed Chemical Substances to Assets Sources of
Environmental Contamination: Task III. Asbestos.
Final rept,
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
William M. Meylan, Philip H. Howard, Sheldon S.
Lande, and Arnold Hanchett. Aug 78,331p* TR-77-
515, EPA/560/6-78/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -3224
See also report dated Oct 76 on Task 2, PB-275 097.
This report considers the sources of asbestos environ-
mental contamination. Marketing information, availa-
ble monitoring data, and engineering assumptions
were used to estimate asbestos emissions. Chrysotile
Is the more common commercial mineral form of as-
bestos, although others such as crocldolite, amosite,
and anthophyllite are also commercially important. As-
bestos is used in thousands of products including fric-
tion materials (brakes and clutches), asbestos-cement
pipe and sheet, roofing, paper, flooring, insulation,
packing and gaskets, textiles, coating and paints, and
plastics. The available information would not allow for
any quantitative estimates and rarely was an ambient
level attributable to a particular source. Exceptions
were crushed serpentinite rock containing asbestos
that waa used to pave roads and driveways, demolition
of buildings containing asbestos construction material,
and automotive brake linings adjacent to toll plazas
where cars brake to a stop. Municipal Incineration may
also be a potential source of significant asbestos fiber
emission to ambient air. Release of asbestos fibers
from A/C pipe used for drinking water appears to be
minor, except where the water is very aggressive.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Environmental surveys, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Incinerators, Sources, Manufacturing,
Marketing, Utilization, Forecasting, Substitutes,
Chemical composition, Chemical properties, Technol-
ogy, Brake linings, Brakes(Motion arresters), Process
charting, Cements, Roofing, Physical properties, Plas-
tics, Paints, Coatings, Paper, Flooring, Insulation,
Packing materials, Gaskets, Textiles.
PB-285 532/6 PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of the Hazards of Polybromlnated Bl-
phenyls,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Frederick J. Di Carlo, Joseph Seifter, and Vincent J.
DeCarlo. Apr 78,20p* EPA/560/6-77/037
During their peak use period, PBBs represented under
1 % of the total sales of fire retardant chemicals, and
very probably would have escaped intensive study if
they had not been mixed accidentally with animal feed
preparations. Instead, international attention was
drawn to PBBs by the state-supervised killing of over
35,000 cattle which had been contaminated with
PBBs. Interestingly, low doses of PBBs exert a broad
spectrum of toxicological, pharmacological, and bio-
chemical effects despite low acute toxicity. These ef-
fects and the intensive bioaccumulation of PBBs
derive from their structure and their consequent resist-
ance of biotransformation and high solubility in fat. In
rodents, PBBs are teratogenic, Tmmunosuppressive,
and potentially carcinogenic. In bovine, rodent, and
aylan species, PBBs reduce feed intake and induce
mixed function oxidases of liver microsomes. The
latter effect may be responsible for steroid level
changes which underline hormonal toxicities observed
in cows, mink, rats, and chickens. The effects of PBBs
on humans are controversial, but data suggestive of
immunological, skin, and liver disorders continue to ac-
cumulate. Concern about the clinical effects of PBB's
is heightened by the knowledge that these compounds
readily enter the fetus by crossing the placenta! barrier
and can be transferred to newborn children after ex-
tensive passage into breast milk.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medicine, Assay-
ing, Air pollution, Water pollution, Assessments, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Hazards, Carcinogens,
Humans, Fire resistant coatings, Rats, Bioassay,
Lethal dosage, Laboratory animals, Pharmacology,
Half life, Exposure, Food chains, Production, Carcino-
genesis 'Polybrominated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro,
Toxic substances, Teratogenesis, Bioaccumulation,
Environmental effects, 'Occupational safety and
health.
PB-285 540/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Suspended Sediment in the Chesapeake and
Delaware Canal. Final Special rept. 1 Jun 77-31 Aug
State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook. Marine Sci-
ences Research Center.
J. R. Schubel, A. D. Williams, and W. M. Wise. 1 1 Oct
77, 80p SR-11 , REF-77-7, EPA/903/9-78/01 3
Contract EPA-WD-699-1038J
The research concentrated on the effect of suspended
sediment on the mortality of fish larvae of striped bass
and white perch in the Chesapeake and Delaware
Canal. Data Includes the average suspended sediment
concentration (mg/l), delay in incubated egg hatching,
effects of suspended sediment on the mortality of fish
larvae, and a summary of suspended sediment obser-
vations made during dredging.
Keywords:
'Fishes,
'Suspended
'Water
sediments,
pollution,
'Mortality,
Larvae,
Concentration(Composition), Bass, Perch, Eggs,
Dredging, Reproduction(Blology), Oceanographic
data, Ocean temperature, Distrlbutlon(Property), Re-
views, Salinity, Ocean bottom topography, Chesa-
peake Bay, Delaware Bay, 'Chesapeake Canal, 'Dela-
ware Canal, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Morone
saxatllis, Morone americana.
PB-285 555/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Research and Development.
Critical Review of Estimating Benefits of Air and
Water Pollution Control. Final rept,
Environ Control, Inc., Rockville, Md.
A. Hershaft, A. M. Freeman III, T. D. Crocker, and J. B.
Stevens. Jun 78,196p EPA/600/5-78/014
Contract EPA-68-01-2821
This report provides a critical review of the current
state-of-the-art and future prospects of estimating
benefits of air and water pollution control. This report
represents three independent critiques by three ex-
perts of benefit assessment methodologies. Specific
aspects discussed include the nature and role of bene-
fits, damage functions, valuation of effects, aggrega-
tion of results, and representation of uncertainties. The
conceptual foundations of estimating pollution control
benefits were presented and compared with empirical
studies. It was concluded that while available esti-
mates often do not adequately reflect the state-of-the-
art, estimates of pollution control benefits would po-
tentially be very useful to decision makers. The con-
ceptual basis provided by economic theory for benefit
estimation is adequate in most respects and far ahead
of the corresponding empirical effort. A number of
studies are guilty of Tailing to list explicitly critical as-
sumptions or to express adequately uncertainty in the
results while other studies have employed conceptual
models that are inappropriate to the problem at hand
or the available data. Damage functions underlying
benefit estimates are frequently based on insufficient
data and/or inadequate characterization of exposure
and effects. National benefit estimates were found to
be based on regional studies which are frequently in-
adequate in number and/or quality.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Management planning, 'Reviews, 'Benefit cost
analysis, Forecasting, Assessments, Ecology, Deci-
sion making, National government, Scientific research,
Values, Cost estimates, Economic analysis, Public
health, State of the art, Air quality, Water quality.
PB-285 562/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Bibliography of Literature Related to Mercury,
URS Research Co., San Mateo, Calif.
Dave Garrett, and William Van Horn. Feb 75,44p URS-
7444, EPA/560/3-75-001 A
Contract EPA-68-01-2930
Study on the Preparation of a Materials Balance and
Technology Assessment of Mercury and Mercury
Compounds on National and Limited Geographical
Bases.
The report is a listing of literature sources pertaining to
the environmental aspects of mercury. The literature
sources are sorted by author. Over 280 reports are
listed. A cross-reference file is also maintained which
categorizes each entry as to technical content.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Bibliographies, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Air pollution, Water pollution, Toxi-
cology.
PB-285 571/6 PC A05/MF A01
Human and Community Response to Impulse
Noise: A Literature Review. Final rept,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Paul D. Schomer. Mar 78,100p* IIEQ-78-07
All available references dealing with human annoy-
ance to single impulsive sounds have been utilized In
the development of the material in this report. In all,
forty-seven references were consulted. Of these,
twenty-nine represented original studies and have
been dealt with in some depth in the text.
Keywords: 'Sonic boom, 'Noise pollution, 'Re-
sponses, 'Bibliographies, Acoustic measurement,
Human behavior, Animal behavior, Open pit mining,
Explosions, Physiological effects, Reviews, Public
opinion, Attitude surveys, 'Human annoyance.
PB-285 583-SET PC E17
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Basic
Industries: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Limestone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
19 May 78,1156p-in5v
492 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Set Includes PB-285 564 thru PB-285 588.
No abstract available.
PB-285 584/9 PC A13/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Baalc
Induatrlea: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Limestone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama. Summary Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
19 May 78,278p EPA/904/9-78/005
See also Volume 1, PB-285 585.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-285 583-
SET.
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supporting limestone quarry in Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment addresses the existing air quality in Mobile
County and Theodore Industrial Park and the natural
environment of the proposed quarry sites. Air emis-
sions at the proposed plant site are modeled and their
Impacts are projected for the area. The impact of con-
structing an access road across wetlands are dis-
cussed. Mitigative measures to reduce these impacts
are presented as well as alternative locations. (Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Industrial plants, 'Alabama, Substitutes, Sites, Manu-
facturing, Transportation, Economics, Ecology, Ar-
chaeology, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Water resources, Water pollution,
Mobile(Alabama), Land use, Air quality, 'Cement
plants, Ideal Cement Company.
PB-285 585/6 PC A08/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Baalc
Induatrlea: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Limestone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama. Appendices Volume I. Appendix
A Project Description.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
10 May 78,155p EPA/904/9-78/005A
See also PB-285 584, and Volume 2, PB-285 586.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-285 583-
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supporting limestone quarry in Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment addresses the existing air quality in Mobile
County and Theodore Industrial Park and the natural
environment of the proposed quarry sites. The infor-
mation contained in this appendix and used In ad-
dressing the other aspects of an environmental impact
statement reflects the latest plans and best estimates
of Ideal Basic Industries. Where Information is uncer-
tain, the worst case is described to provide a conserv-
ative assessment of the project's environmental ef-
fects. Final design changes may occur; however, no
future alterations will be incorporated In the project
unless they involve either Improvement or no signifi-
cant change in environmental quality.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
Industrial plants, 'Alabama, Plant location, Sites,
Design criteria, Process charting, Storage, Materials
handling, Resources, Air pollution, Noise pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Safety,
Mines(Excavatlons), Limestone, Waste water reuse,
Baseline studies, 'Cement plants, Ideal Cement Com-
pany.
PB-285 586/4 PC A10/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Baelc
Industries: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Limestone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama. Appendices Volume II. Appen-
dix B Baseline. Climatology and Dispersion Mete-
orology, Air Quality, Noise Levels, Solid Waate,
Qeotechnlcal Aspects, Water Resources, Ar-
chaeology.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
19 May 78,209p EPA/904/9-78/005B
fee also Volume 1, PB-285 585, and Volume 3, PB-
285 587.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-285 583-
SET.
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supportive limestone quarry in Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment addresses the existing air quality in Mobile
County and Theodore Industnal Park and the natural
environment of the proposed quarry sites. The pur-
pose of this section is to present a detailed description
of the 1977 baseline conditions and projected 1992
conditions at the plant and quarry sites. The descrip-
tions of the 1977 baseline environment are based on
the results of extensive data gathering and field work
conducted during 1977. The baseline conditions at the
plant and quarry sites are presented for nine areas: cli-
matology and meteorology, air, noise, solid waste,
geotecfinical, water resources, archaeology, terrestrial
and aquatic ecology, and socioeconomics. For appli-
cable areas (air, noise, water resources, ecology, and
socioeconomics), the projected conditions in 15 years
(the 1992 baseline conditions without the proposed
action) are also presented.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Industrial plants, 'Alabama, Climatology, Meteorol-
ogy, Mines(Excavations), Limestone, Plant location,
Air pollution, Forecasting, Sources, Public health,
Sites, Regions, Water resources. Noise pollution,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Mobile(Alabama), Air quality, 'Cement plants, Ideal
Cement Company, Baseline studies.
PB-285 587/2 PC A13/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Baalc
Induatrlea: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Llmeatone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama. Appendices Volume III. Appen-
dix B Baseline. Ecology, Socioeconomics.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
19 May 78,293p EPA/904/9-78/005C
See also Volume 2, PB-285 586, and Volume 4, PB-
285 588.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-285 583-
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supporting limestone quarry In Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment addresses the existing air quality In Mobile
County and Theodore Industrial Park and the natural
environment of the proposed quarry sites.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Industrial plants, 'Alabama, Sites, Manufacturing,
Ecology, Ecosystems, Animals, Plants(Botany), Utiliza-
tion, Plant location, Mlne(Excavations), Limestone,
Population growth, Forecasting, Management plan-
ning, Regions, Trends, Economics, Land use,
Mobile(Alabama), Baseline studies, 'Cement plants,
Ideal Cement Company.
PB-285 588/0 PC A10/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Ideal Baalc
Induatrlea: Cement Plant, Theodore Industrial
Park, Alabama, and Llmeatone Quarry, Monroe
County, Alabama. Appendices Volume IV. Appen-
dix C Impacts, Appendix D Mitigating Actions, Ap-
pendix E Alternatives.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
19 May 78,221 p EPA/904/9-78/005D
See also Volume 3, PB-285 587.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E17, PB-285 583-
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supporting limestone quarry in Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment addresses the existing air quality in Mobile
County and Theodore Industrial Park and the natural
environment of the proposed quarry sites. This im-
pacts section identifies, evaluates, and describes both
the beneficial and detrimental environmental impacts
associated with the Ideal Basic Industries proposed
project. The impacts addressed are only those which
will be mitigated but not completely eliminated by the
environmental safeguards to be taken as presented in
project description.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
•Industrial plants, 'Alabama, Plant location, Sites, Air
pollution, Noise pollution, Solid waste disposal, Water
resources, Archaeology, Regions, Water pollution,
Manufacturing, Ecology, Economics,
Mines(Excavations), Limestone, Mobile(Alabama), Air
quality, Baseline studies, 'Cement plants, Ideal
Cement Company.
PB-285 589/8 PC A17/MF A01
Proposed Issuance of a New Source National Pol-
lutant Dlacharge Elimination Syatem Permit to
Ideal Baalc Induatrlea, Inc. Cement Plant, Theo-
dore Industrial Park, Alabama, and Llmeatone
Quarry, Monroe County, Alabama. Final environ-
mental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region
IV.
Sep 78,400p EPA/904/9-78/018
See also PB-285 588.
Ideal Basic Industries proposes to construct a new
cement plant in Theodore Industrial Park near Mobile,
Alabama and a supporting limestone quarry in Monroe
County near Monroeville, Alabama. This impact state-
ment presents a summary of the draft EIS, a transcript
of the public hearing, response to significant com-
ments made at the public hearing and in writing and
changes in the project. Additional alternatives were
considered for spoil disposal. The development of wet-
lands to replace wetlands altered by construction of
the access corridor are also discussed. The agency
decision is to proceed with issuing the NPDES permit.
Keywords: 'Limestone, 'Environmental impact state-
ments - final, Cements, Mlnes(Excavations), Land use,
Kilns, Site surveys, Construction, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Noise pollution, Ecol-
ogy, Government policies, Conservation, Alabama,
'Cement industry, Monroeville(Alabama),
Mobile(Alabama).
PB-285 594/8 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C. Population Studies Div.
Chromosomal Aberrations In Peripheral Lympho-
cytes of Students Expoaed to Air Pollutants,
Utah Blomedlcal Test Lab., Salt Lake City.
Charles D. Scott, and John A. Burkart. Aug 78,179p
EPA/600/1-78/054
Contract EPA-68-02-1730
The research program was initiated with the overall ob-
jective of determining whether or not photochemical
air pollutants have the potential to cause chromosome
breakage in environmentally exposed Individuals; if so,
could chromosomal changes be used as a biological
indicator of exposure to certain environmental condi-
tions in the Los Angeles, CA basin. 256 incoming
Freshmen students al the University of So. California
were selected, matched, and grouped by home ad-
dress into in-basin males and females, and out-of-
basln males and females. Blood samples were collect-
ed from them at the following sampling time: October
1974, February, May and October 1975, and May
1976. All slides were analyzed in a double blind fash-
Ion, with 100 cells per student per sampling time being
scored. All 100 cells were analyzed for chromosome
and chromatld aberrations; however, only 25 cells of
this 100 were counted for aneuploldy. Overall, In-basin
males had significantly more abnormal cells, breaks,
and gaps than out-of-basin males. Females showed
the same trends but only for abnormal cells were the
results borderline statistically significant. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Chromosome abnormalities, 'Lympho-
cytes, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'toxicol-
ogy, Classifications, Students, Humans, Air pollution,
Exposure, Mutagens, Tables(Data), Recommenda-
tions, Seasonal variations, Experimental data, Califor-
nia, Sex, Males, Females, Hematolqgy, Data process-
Ing, Measurement, Methodology, Environmental ef-
fects, Chromosomal aberrations, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Photochemical oxidants, Bioindica-
tors, Mutagenesis, Los Angeles(California), Biological
indicators. Toxic substances.
December 1983 493
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-285 596/5 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey Labora-
tory, Denver, Colorado,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
nati, Ohio.
Robert L. Booth. May 78, 20p EPA/600/7-78/083
An onslte evaluation was made of the capabilities of
the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory at Denver,
Colorado. Particular emphasis was placed on deter-
mining their ability to meet the monitoring require-
ments connected with their contractual efforts with the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This monitor-
ing is a major part of the Environmental Protection
Agency's quality assurance program in support of
energy-related activities in the western United States.
Overall, water analyses for parameters related to the
broad areas of chemistry, organics and pesticides, and
radiochemistry are being conducted by approved sam-
pling/preservation techniques and laboratory meth-
ods. Results on unknown performance samples and
cross-check samples were well within acceptable
ranges, thus documenting their ability to generate valid
data. Specific recommendations for areas of improve-
ment are given.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Water analysis, Quality as-
surance, Accuracy, Sampling, National government,
Water pollution, Colorado, Monitoring, Geological
Survey Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency,
Water pollution detection.
PB-285 596/3 PC A09/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Div. of Envi-
ronmental Control Technology.
Trace Organlce Variation Across the Waetewater
Treatment Syatem of a Clara-B Refinery and Esti-
mate of Removal of Refractory Organics by Add-
On Mixed-Media Filtration and Granular Activated
Carbon at Pilot Scale,
Argonne National Lab., III. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
L. A. Raphaellan, and W. Harrison. Jun 78,178p ANL/
WR-78-2, EPA/600/7-78-125
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, D.C. Div. of Environmental Control Technology.
This report presents the results of research to evaluate
the efficiency of pilot-scale granular activated carbon
for the removal of organic compounds refractory to the
activated-sludge treatment system of a Class B petro-
leum refinery that met BPT ('best practicable technol-
ogy') in 1977. In order to achieve this goal, it was nec-
essary to characterize the trace organic compounds
present not only in the effluent from an add-on mixed-
media/activated-carbon pilot-scale unit, but also those
compounds in the effluents from two of the
wastewater treatment steps (the dissolved-air-flotation
and activated-sludge treatment steps) that preceded
the pilot-scale unit. Effluents from the full-scale system
(dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit and final clarifier for
the activated sludge unit) and an add-on pilot-scale
unit (mixed-media filter and activated-carbon columns)
were sampled for analysis of common wastewater pa-
rameters and trace organic compounds. Grab samples
taken every 4 hours were composited daily. Organics
were isolated into acid, base, and neutral fractions.
Four-day composites of these daily extracts were ana-
lyzed by capillary-column gas-chromatography/mass-
spectrometry (GC/MS). The average percentage re-
moval of organics present in the DAF effluent was
greater than 99% for the activated sludge, approxi-
mately 0% for the mixed media filter, and less than 1 %
for the activated carbon. Numerous data for the ap-
proximate concentration of organic compounds are
presented. Common wastewater parameters are also
presented for comparison to specific organics concen-
tration date.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Refineries, 'Water pol-
lution, Industrial waste treatment, Activated carbon
treatment, Organic compounds, Activated sludge
process, Sampling, Concentratk>n(Composltion),
water analysis, Water quality data, Trace amounts.
PB-285 607/8 PC A08/MF A01
Preliminary Sampling and Analytical Procedure*
for Evaluating the Dlapoeal of Dredged Materlala,
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Ho L. Young, David Mlrtard, Harold Scotten, Gary
Thompson, and Mario Conti. 17 Apr 74,154p
This manual describes methods for the analysis of
dredged materials and receiving waters. Its purpose is
to establish uniform analytical procedures in accord-
ance with the EPA Region IX dredge spoil disposal cri-
teria.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Manuals, Water anal-
ysis, Sampling, Standards, Sediments, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Inorganic phosphates, Greases, Oils,
Metals, Halogen organic compounds, Biocides, Chlor-
ination, Herbicides, Elutriation, Solvents, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Mercury(Metal), 'Dredge spoil,
Solid wastes, Region' 9, Procedures, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Peroxybiphenyl/chloro, Kjeldahl method.
PB-285 609/4 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Solid Waste.
Environmental Assessment of Subsurface Dispos-
al of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Sludge,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, Calif.
R. J. Lory, H. T. Phung, R. Stearns, and J. Walsh. Jun
78,380p EPA/530/SW-167C
Contract EPA-68-01-4166
An assessment of groundwater quality in the vicinity of
eight landfill sites accepting various quantities of mu-
nicipal sewage sludge was performed. An appraisal
was also made of the operations and economics at
each location. The study consisted of two phases. The
first included a preliminary assessment of the environ-
mental impacts of sewage sludge burial practices at
the eight sites. In the second phase, additional data on
leachate and groundwater quality trends over a 12-
month period were obtained. Two sites were selected
for more intensive groundwater monitoring to deter-
ity impact. The results showed that landfilling of
sewage sludge released significant contaminants in
the form of leachate. Among the contaminants ana-
lyzed, iron, lead, and TOC in excess of EPA Drinking
Water Standards were found most frequently. Con-
taminants traveled at least several hundred meters
beyond the immediate disposal area, despite the exist-
ence of soil strata with low permeability. The monitor-
ing data demonstrated the extreme difficulty in select-
ing monitoring well locations and sampling depths and
establishing a sampling frequency necessary to obtain
valid information for measuring landfill impacts on
groundwater.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Sludge disposal, 'Water
pollution, Earth fills, Assessments, Ground water,
Monitoring, Leaching, Sites, Field tests, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Nomographs,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution sampling, Water
quality, 'Sanitary landfills, States(United States).
PB-285 610/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
A Chesapeake Bay Directory. Final rept.,
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Baltimore,
Md.
Andrew J. McErlean, Karen A. Rutledge, Maurice P.
Lynch, and Thomas Lochen. Feb 78,130p CRC-PUB-
63, EPA/903/9-78/016
Contract EPA-68-01 -3994
This is a Directory of academic researchers, adminis-
trators, institutions, agencies, and environmental inter-
est organizations that have a current role In regulating,
monitoring or researching the water quality of the
Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Water pollution, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Monitoring, Universities, Regulations, Or-
ganizations, Research projects, National government,
Government policies, State government, Local gov-
ernment, Environmental impacts, Scientists, Institu-
tional framework.
PB-285 611/0 PC A05/MF A01
Research on Control Technology for Ice Fog from
Mobile Sources,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Harold J. Coutts, and Ronald K. Turner. May 78,98p
EPA/600/3-78/OS5
Automotive generated Ice fog Is a form of air pollution
that results when exhaust water vapor freezes into
minute particles which form a dense fog. The major
control technique evaluated was cooling the exhaust
gases to well below the dew point, thus condensing
water vapor into a liquid stream before final discharge.
During the winters of 1974-75 and 1975-76 the Arctic
Environmental Research Station evaluated 12 cooler-
condensers on nine inservice vehicles. It was found
that ice film formation decreased heat transfer efficien-
cy. An ice fog mass emission reduction up to 80 per-
cent was attained with cooler-condensers on motor
vehicles. However, the increase in visibility over roads
was not proportional because of the many other ice
fog sources. The overall impact of automotive ice fog
control would be a visibility increase of at least 70 per-
cent in areas where motor vehicles create 50 percent
or more of the ice fog. Control of automobile-generat-
ed ice fog would also mean cleaner air, but perhaps
more ice on the road. Cleaner air would result because
sulfur oxides and lead compounds would be absorbed
in the condensate. This condensate, if allowed to drip
from the cooler-condensers, would freeze onto the
road and require a more intense snow removal effort.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ice fog, "Exhaust
emissions. Particles, Condensers, Water vapor, Cool-
ing, Visibility, Sulfur oxides, Lead inorganic com-
pounds, Equipment, Performance evaluation, Carbon
monoxide, Forecasting, Heat transfer, Automobiles,
Heat exchangers, Design criteria, Comparison, Alaska,
Arctic regions, 'Automobile exhaust.
PB-285 627/6 PC A05/MF AOf
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
A Review of Regional-Scale Air Quality Models for
Long Distance Dispersion Modeling In the Four
Corners Region. Contract rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, Mass.
John A. Nuber, Arthur Bass, Michael T. Mills, and
Charles S. Morris. Apr 78,85p EPA/600/7-78/066
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
This document presents a review (ca. April 1977) of
available air quality simulation models that are appro-
priate to long-range transport (e.g., 100-1000 km) of
atmospheric pollutants. This review has been pre-
pared as part of an effort to select, modify and apply
long-range atmospheric transport and diffusion
models suitable to the simulation of air quality impact
associated with emissions from new energy resource
development (power generation, coal gasification, oil
shale processing) in the Four Corners Area of the
Western United States. In this effort, primary emphasis
has been placed upon the review of models that are al-
ready operational, and that are, in principle, currently
available for use and adaptation outside the originating
organization. A number of additional constraints were
used to select models for review. These included the
relative ease and costs of modification for use in the
Four Corners Area, the computer implementation re-
strictions, the computational, and data and technical
resources required for program utilization, the flexibility
for multiple-scenario exercise to address both short-
term and long-term ambient air quality issues. To facili-
tate the description and intercomparison of the various
models, a 'model characteristics' outline form of pres-
entation has been used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
•Mathematical models, 'Reviews, Atmospheric
motion, Transport properties, Combustion products,
Electric power plants, Stationary sources.
PB-285 643/3 PC A03/MF A01
Macrolnvertebrate Sampling Techniques for
Streams In Semi-Arid Regions. Comparison of the
Surber Method and a Unit-Effort Traveling Kick
Method. Final rept. 1975-77,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
C. E. Homlg, and J. E. Pollard. Jul 78,37p EPA/600/4-
78/040
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biology.
Streams of the arid and semi-arid regions of the west-
ern United States are characterized by Irregular flow
patterns resulting in highly unstable macroinvertebrate
habitats and a sparse macrobenthic fauna. The use of
a standard square-foot Surber stream-bottom sampler
is of limited utility in these regions due to the combined
effects of faunal paucity and patchiness. The efficien-
cy of a unit-effort traveling kick method was compared
494 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with that of a standard Surber sampler in uniform
fauna-poor riffles on the White River, Utah. Compari-
sons of 50 kick samples with 40 Surber samples re-
vealed that kick samples provided more highly repro-
ducible data than Surber samples In terms of counts of
individuals and taxa, percentages of composition, and
diversity Indices. Visual preselection of the richest
sites, however, improved the reliability of Surber sam-
pler data.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, 'Sampling, 'Streams, *Se-
miarid land, 'Aquatic biology, Efficiency, Samplers,
Reliability, Flow rate, White River, Southern Canyon,
Abundance, Comparison, Utah, Collecting methods,
Benthos, Tables(Data), Recommendations, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Habitats, Species diversity.
PB-285 644/1 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla. Source Management Branch.
Evaluation of Measures for Controlling Sediment
•nd Nutrient Losses from Irrigated Areas. Final
rept,
Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Moscow.
D. W. Fitzsimmons, J. R. Busch, R. B. Long, K. H.
Lindeborg, and G. M. McMaster. Jul 78,167p EPA/
600/2-78/138
Grant EPA-R-803524
Field studies were conducted in two southern Idaho
areas to determine the effects of different manage-
ment practices on the quality and quantity of the runoff
from surface-irrigated fields. Pollutant removal sys-
tems (primarily mini-basins, vegetated buffer strips and
sediment retention ponds) were installed at some of
the study sites and evaluated to determine their effec-
tiveness in removing sediment and other materials
from return flows. Linear programming models were
used to determine the economic impacts of using dif-
ferent types of practices to control surface runoff and
sediment losses from model farms. Some of the over-
all impacts of pollutant losses from surface-irrigated
areas were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Nutrients, 'Runoff, 'Surface
irrigation, 'Water pollution control, Water quality man-
agement, Retaining, Lagoons(Ponds), Vegetation, Sa-
linity, Losses, Soil conservation, Linear programming,
Mathematical models, Economic impact, Income, Cost
analysis, Evaluation, Boise River, Snake River, Idaho,
Return flow, Strip cropping.
PB-285 645/8 PC A03/MF A01
Altitude as a Factor In Air Pollution. Final rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, M.C. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 78,41 p EPA/600/9-78/015
Air pollution Is affected by change in altitude. Cities
With surface elevations above 1500 meters have at-
mospheric pressures which are approximately fifteen
Percent (15%) below pressures at sea level. Conse-
quently, mobile sources designed to operate at pres-
sures of one atmosphere perform less efficiently at
high altitudes and emit greater amounts of hydrocar-
bons and carbon monoxide than those designed to op-
erate at the lower atmospheric pressures. The net
result is a photochemical smog problem which is fur-
ther enhanced by the increased solar radiation of
higher altitudes. The most significant effect of air pollu-
tion at high altitudes is uponliuman health. This (a due
Primarily to the inhalation of carbon monoxide at the
reduced oxygen concentrations of high altitudes. Par-
ticularly susceptible is the fetus exposed to hypoxia
and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. There Is in-
sufficient evidence to support significantly increased
ecological effects at high altitudes. Reduction in visibil-
ity is being observed In the vicinity of large metropoli-
tan areas and near large industrial complexes at nigh
altitudes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, Carbon mon-
oxide, Smog, Concentration(Composition), Atmos-
Pheric pressure, Visibility, Public health, Motor vehi-
c|es, Exhaust emissions, Monitoring, Technology, Air
Pollution control, Ecology, 'Altitude, Stationary
sources.
fB-285 648/2 PC A14/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Environmental Curiosity Sampler 2. Final rept.,
Stehney (Virginia A.), Downers Grove, III.
Virginia A. Stehney. cMay 78,317p IIEQ-76-03
This handbook is the second publication of a two-part
project. The original Environmental Curiosity Sampler,
which appeared in early 1975, was written to use with
environmental study areas in the six northeastern Illi-
nois counties. The general Information in the Sampler
has been revised and expanded and chapters have
been added to make this Sampler for use with environ-
mental study areas in the rest of Illinois and even in
other areas. Whether you are a parent, teacher, youth
group leader, or simply an individual who welcomes
new ideas, the authors hope there is something in this
Sampler to interest you. They believe that people are
naturally curious about the world around them and
want to make sense out of It and that people learn best
when feelings are involved as well as intellect have
strongly affected the contents of this book. It was as-
sumed that elementary teachers would be the main
users of the original Sampler, but many activities were
included that could be used by individuals or families
and by people of all ages. 'Environment' as used here,
is what is immediately around you as well as areas far-
ther away. It begins where you are-which may be a dif-
ferent point for each individual-and expands to an
ever larger area. So the Sampler starts with how to ob-
serve your immediate surroundings and then includes
information on the wide variety of environments found
all around Illinois.
Keywords: 'Environments, 'Illinois, 'Instructional ma-
terials, Land use, Water quality, Central city, Recrea-
tion, Energy, Air pollution, Rural areas, Urban areas,
Information.
PB-28S 656/5 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Planning Water Supply: Cost-Rate Differential*
and Plumbing Permits. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio. Dept. of Economics.
Haynes C. Goddard, Richard G. Stevie, and Gregory D.
Trygg. May 78,215p* EPA/600/5-78/008
Grant EPA-R-803596-01
This study is concerned with measuring the cost of
water supply and net revenue differences among cus-
tomers by user class and location, and analyzing future
water demand on the basis of plumbing permit applica-
tion data. For water supply, a methodology based
upon engineering principles was employed to collect
data on distance, altitude, and costs of water delivery
to sampled customers in a water utility service area.
Estimates of cost elasticity were obtained. Altitude was
not significant, but distance was found positively corre-
lated with cost. In one location, at an extreme of the
service area, this total cost elasticity became greater
than one. Thus, cost economies for transmission of
water exist, but are limited as indicated by this cost
elasticity estimate. In addition, these costs were com-
pared to the revenues collected from each customer
sampled. The pattern of costs and computed net rev-
enues were then examined through the use of comput-
er mapping techniques. All this information becomes
useful for examining water rates and system expan-
sion. Also examined is the hypothesis that future water
use can be predicted through the use of plumbing
permit records.
Keywords: 'Licenses, 'Cost analysis, 'Water supply,
'Rates(Costs), Prices, Water consumption, Revenue,
DemandfEconomics), Economic factors, Water distri-
bution. Distribution systems, Water pipelines, Cost
comparison, Water services, Forecasting, Building
codes, Plumbing, Local government, Decision making,
Reviews, 'Water costs, Computer mapping tech-
niques.
PB-285 662/3 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Edison, N.J.
Source Assessment: Chemical and Fertilizer Min-
eral Industry, State-of-the-Art. Final rept. Oct 76-
Aug 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio.
J. C. Ochsner, and T. R. Blackwood. Jun 78.137p*
MRC-DA-773, EPA/600/2-78/004P
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
Air and water pollutants are generated during the con-
version of naturally occurring minerals Into suitable
forms for use In chemical and fertilizer production.
These minerals are barite, borates, fluorspar, lithium
minerals, mineral pigments, phosphate rock, potash,
salt, sodium sulfate, sulfur, and trona ore. The repre-
sentative plant size for each mineral, except borates,
was determined by dividing the total annual production
by the number of plants. (In the case of borates, one
plant which accounts for over 75% of annual produc-
tion was considered representative.) The hazard ratio
for respirable particulates emitted from the representa-
tive source ranges from 0.00005 for sulfur to 0.9 for
potash. Hazard ratios for water pollutants were devel-
oped only for the phosphate rock industry as it was the
only industry for which complete information was avail-
able concerning river flow rate and concentration. For
a representative source, the hazard ratios of elemental
phosphorous, fluoride, and total suspended solids
fTSS) are 0.061,0.051, and 0.0025, respectively. The
four significant wastewater problem areas in the
mining and beneficiation of minerals in the chemical
and fertilizer industry are mine water drainage,
wastewater from the fluorspar industry, phosphate
rock slimes, and sulfur bleedwater brines. The Florida
phosphate rock slimes problem may well be the most
important of all fertilizer production problems. Sus-
pended solids are the principal pollutant in chemical
and fertilizer wastewater discharges. While a variety of
treatment technologies are available for removing sus-
pended solids, only a small number are widely used.
Keywords: 'Nonmetalliferous minerals, 'Fertilizers,
'Chemical industry, 'Environmental impacts, Radioac-
tive contaminants, Air pollution, Water pollution, Barite,
Fluorite, Borax, Phosphate deposits, Rock salt, Sulfur,
Potash deposits, Lithium, Sodium sulfates, Mining,
Trona, Borates, Phosphate deposits, Beneficiation,
Mine waters, Drainage, Industrial wastes, Brines, Sus-
pensions, Slime, Settling basins, Industrial plants,
Phosphate industry, Mineral industry.
PB-285 863/1 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Conventional and Advanced Sewer Design Con-
cepts for Dual Purpose Flood and Pollution Con-
trol. A Preliminary Case Study, Elizabeth, New
Jersey. Final rept,
Bogert (Clinton) Associates, Fort Lee, N.J.
Herbert L. Kaufman, and Fu-Hsiung Lai. May 78,231 p*
EPA/600/2-78/090
Grant EPA-S-802971
Alternatives for pollution abatement from combined
sewer overflows and stormwater discharges were
evaluated. Separate storm and sanitary, conventional
combined, and advanced combined systems with vary-
ing amounts of in-pipe and/or satellite storage and
controlled flow routing were compared. Cost-effective-
ness assuming a desired effluent quality and new
sewer system was determined. The effects on pollu-
tion abatement and cost of changing various elements
(collection system, interceptors, storage and treatment
works) of the system were investigated. SWMM and
STORM were employed to design sewers, analyze the
quantity and quality of combined sewage and storm-
water runoff, and analyze a continuous 12-year, real
rainfall record. The overflow frequency, pollutants, and
volume for 59 alternatives were determined.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Storm
sewers, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Sanitary
sewers, Cost effectiveness, Rainfall Intensity,
PipesfTubes), Overflows, Hydraulics, Mathematical
models, Computer programs, Revisions, Design,
Water storage, Sewage treatment, Waste water,
Volume, Routing, Comparison, Unit hydrographs, 'In-
terceptor sewers, SWMM computer program, STORM
computer program.
PB-285 676/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreo.
Lake Semlnole, Plnellas County, Florida. Final rept.
1973.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,39p WORKING PAPER-273
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
December 1983 495
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Seminole, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Pinellas County(Florida).
PB-285 678/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Portable Vacuum X-Ray Spectrometer Instrument
for On-slte Analysis of Airborne Partlculate Sulfur
and Other Elements. Final rept,
Naval Research Labs., Washington, D.C.
J. V. Gilfrich, and L. S. Birks. Jun 78,27p EPA/600/7-
78/103
A portable vacuum wavelength-dispersive x-ray ana-
lyzer has been constructed for on-site measurement of
the sulfur content of filter-deposited airborne particles.
Although designed to analyze for sulfur, the spectrom-
eter is adjustable over a limited range providing the po-
tential for determining other elements. With the x-ray
tube rated at 50 watts, the instrument achieves a 100-
second 3 sigma detection limit for sulfur of better than
0.5 microgram/sq cm.
Keywords: *X-ray spectrometers, *Gas detectors,
'Gas analysis, 'Particles, Sulfur, Air pollution, Labora-
tory equipment, X-ray analysis, Chemical analysis, Flu-
orescence, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Sulfates, Portable equipment, Combustion products,
'Air pollution detection, *X-ray fluorescence analysis.
PB-285 679/7 PC A03/MF A01
Techniques for Mixing Dlspersants with Spilled
Oil. Final rept. 1976,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. Leonardo,
N.J. Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
Gary F. Smith. Jun 78,50p EPA/600/2-78/128
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
The effective use of some oil spill dispersants requires
the addition of mixing energy to the dispersant-treated
slick. Various methods of energy application have in-
cluded the use of fire hose streams directed to the
water surface, outboard motors mounted on work
boats, and the five-bar gate, a pallet-like device towed
on the surface behind vessels of opportunity. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency sponsored this test
program at their Oil & Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) to evaluate the
above devices as well as a modified version of the five-
bar gate. Three test fluid mixtures with different Interfa-
cial tensions were distributed onto the water surface,
and each mixing device was towed through them at
speeds from 1.02 m/s to 2.54 m/s in three wave con-
ditions. Droplet penetration was documented via un-
derwater photography. Analysis of the results showed
that the modified five-bar gate produced the greatest
overall penetration (2.4 m) at a tow speed of 2/Om/s.
In general, performance was unaffected by wave
action, and variations in interfacial tension produced
no observable trend among all devices.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Dlspersants,
Mixing, Marine biology, Mixtures, Performance evalua-
tion, Equipment, Surfactants, 'Oil pollution removal,
•Oil spills, Procedures.
PB-285 680/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Control of Odors from Anaerobic Lagoons Treat-
Ing Food Processing Wastowaters. Final rept.
1976,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J. Ronald Miner. Jul 78,62p EPA/600/2-78/151
Anaerobic lagoons are used for the treatment of meat
packing wastes in most areas of the country. They are
a relatively low cost means of achieving BOD reduc-
tion. Although lagoon effluent Is not suitable for stream
discharge, it is amenable to further treatment or *o land
application. One of the most serious limitations of an-
aerobic lagoons in this application is odor production.
Odor complaints have been widespread but have been
most frequent In areas of high suffate waters and
during start-up. There has been little specific research
effort devoted to anaerobic lagoon odor control. This
report assembles existing information relative to odor
control associated with anaerobic lagoons used In the
meat packing industry and Identifies opportunities for
productive research. It provides a basis for approach-
ing the overall problem In a comprehensive fashion.
Keywords: 'Odor control, "Water pollution control,
'Food industry, Industrial waste treatment,
Lagoons(Ponds), Anaerobic processes, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Design
criteria, Field tests, Concentration(Composition), 'An-
aerobic lagoons, 'Meat packing industry, Scento-
meters.
PB-285 681/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Aerosol Analysis for the Regional Air Pollution
Study. Interim rept. 1 Jan-31 Dec 76,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
F. S. Gouldlng, J. M. Jaklevic, and B. W. Loo. Jul 78,
53p EPA/600/4-78/034
An aerosol sampling and analysis program was con-
ducted as part of the Regional Air Pollution Study in St.
Louis. Ten automatic dichotomous samplers were op-
erated in the field for two years and collected 35,000
samples. The procedures used for analyzing these
samples for total mass and elemental composition are
described in detail. The characteristics of the beta
gauge mass measurement and energy dispersive x-ray
fluorescence analyses are discussed, together with
the factors that affect the precision and accuracy of
the data.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, *X ray fluorescence, Air pollu-
tion, Sampling, Particles, Humidity, Filters, Spectro-
chemical analysis, Accuracy, Calibration, Chemical
analysis, Missouri, 'Air pollution sampling, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB-285 682/1 PC A04/MF A01
Expanded Bed Biological Treatment. Final rept,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
E. Timothy Oppelt, John M. Smith, and Walter A.
Feige. Jul 78,68p EPA/600/2-78/117
A three-year pilot-scale research investigation at the
EPA Lebanon Pilot Plant was conducted to evaluate
the feasibility of a unique biological secondary treat-
ment process, designated the Expanded Bed Biologi-
cal Treatment Process (EBBT). The E3BT process is a
three-phase (oxygen/wastewater/sand media) fluid-
Ized bed contacting system In which settled
wastewater Is passed upwards through a series of two
to eight columnar reactors partially filled with fine sand
particles. The velocity of the wastewater flow Is suffi-
cient to keep the sand particles in suspension. The
result is a fluidized bed of sand which provides a large
surface area upon which bacteria can grow. These
bacteria remove contaminants from the wastewater as
it passes by. An aerobic environment is provided by
concurrently feeding high-purity oxygen gas into the
base of each reactor or preferably by diffusing it into
the wastewater before it enters each reactor, the per-
formance of this three-phase fluidized bed biological
contacting system for secondary treatment of settled
wastewater was investigated in a 37.9 l/min. pilot
plant. The process achieved an average TCOD remov-
al efficiency of 75 percent and an effluent TCOD of
48.8 mg/l (13 mg/l TBOD5) at an empty bed retention
time of 44 minutes and a TCOD loading rate of 6.4 kg/
cu m/day. Secondary effluent guideline quality was
possible at a retention time as short as 25 minutes.
System MLVSS concentrations ranged from 14,000 to
16,000 mg/l, with net waste solids production ranging
from 0.26 to 0.57 kg VSS/kg TCOD removed at solids
retention times of 8.7 days and 5.2 days respectfully.
System performance was found to be directly propor-
tional to the ability to control excess biological growth
on the sand and prevent sand particles from washing
out of the system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Contractors, * Fluid-
ized bed processing, Aerobic processes, Performance
evaluation, Pilot plants, 'Secondary sewage treat-
ment, Chemical oxygen demand, 'Expanded bed bio-
logical treatment process.
PB-285 683/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Marlon, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,42p WORKING PAPER-264
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Marion, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Polk County(Florida).
PB-285 684/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Brownlse Reservoir, Baker County, Oregon, and
Washington County, Idaho. Final rept. 1975.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Mar 78,55p WORKING PAPER-827
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Idaho State
Dept. of Health and Welfare, Boise, and Oregon Na-
tional Guard, Salem.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Brownlee Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Oregon, Idaho,
Eutrophication, 'Water quality data, Baker
County(Oregon), Washington County(ldaho).
PB-285 685/4
PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Weohyakspka, Polk County, Florida. Final
rept. 1973.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,41p WORKING PAPER-279
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Weohyakapka,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Florida, Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data, Polk County(Rorida).
PB-285 686/2 PC A04/MF A01
Research Review 1977. Rept. for 1 Jan-30 Dec 77,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Betty P. Jackson. Jun 78,69p EPA/600/9-78/014
See also report for 1976, PB-257 366.
The report summarizes results of aquatic research
conducted by the Environmental Research Labora-
tory, Gulf Breeze, Florida, Office of Research and De-
velopment. The research program examines the
impact of pesticides and other organic compounds on
marine species and communities, and seeks to devel-
op new methodology for determining ecological haz-
ards of chemical substances under simulated natural
conditions. Projects are outlined under four categories:
research related to toxicological testing; biological
496 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
processes and effects: development of offshore oil re-
sources; and Kepone in the marine environment. In-
vestigations conducted at the laboratory's Atlantic
Coast field station at Bears Bluff, South Carolina, are
also reviewed for the year 1977.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Toxicology, Methodology, Re-
search projects, South Carolina, Offshore drilling,
Marine biology, Experimental data, Bioassay, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Food chains, Pathology, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Biological effects, Kepone, Bears Bluff(South
Carolina), Bioaccumulation.
PB-285 704/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Qlendo Reservoir, Converse and Platte Counties,
Wyoming. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Jun 78,48p WORKING PAPER-887
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Wyoming State
Dept. of Environmental Quality, Cheyenne, and Wyo-
ming National Guard, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
ol the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Glendo Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Wyoming, Eutrophication,
Water quality data, Converse County(Wyomlng),
Platte County(Wyoming).
PB-285 706/8 PC AOS/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
The QEOMET Indoor-Outdoor Air Pollution Model.
Scientific rept.,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.
Demetrios J. Moschandreas, and John W, C. Stark. 10
Feb78,80pGEOMET-EF-628, EPA/600/7-78/106
Contract EPA-68-02-2294
Prepared for Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment, Washington, D.C. Office of Community Plan-
ning and Development.
This report documents the formulation of the GEOMET
Indoor-Outdoor Air Pollution (GIOAP) model. The
model estimates indoor air pollutant concentrations as
a function of outdoor pollutant levels, indoor pollutant
generation sources rates, pollutant chemical decay
rates, and air exchange rates. Topics discussed in-
clude basic principles, model formulation, parameter
estimation, model statistical validation, and model sen-
sitivity to perturbations of the input parameters. The
numerical estimates obtained from the GIOAP simula-
tions have been validated with observed hourly pollut-
ant concentrations obtained from an 18-mo residential
air quality sampling program. Statistically the GIOAP
model estimations are within 25% of the ideal condi-
»on (estimated and observed values coincide) for 85%
of the observed values for CO, NO, N02, NMHC, and
C02. The model has not been validated against sulfur
oioxide owing to the very low values measured both in-
foors and outdoors. The predetermined validation cri-
jpna were not satisfied by the ozone model estima-
"ons; however, the calculated values were judged
adequate because for about 85% of the observed
values the predicted concentrations were within 2 ppb.
Sensitivity studies on the GIOAP model parameters in-
dicate that errors In the estimation of the Initial condl-
«on and the volume of the structure dissipate with
urne. Errors in estimating the air exchange rate, the
indoor generation strength, and the indoor chemical
gecay rate are more significant. Sensitivity coefficients
nave been formulated for all input parameters. The
transient term is a unique feature of the GIOAP model;
we impact of this term is substantial for stable pollut-
ants but insignificant for ozone, which is a high reactive
Pollutant. The GIOAP Model, validated against a vari-
ety of measured data, satisfactorily predicts Indoor pol-
'"tant concentrations, and It can be used to determine
residential pollution levels under any conditions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
(yoncenUation(Compo8it!on), Proving, Accuracy, Sta-
tests, Errors, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydro-
carbons, 'Indoor air pollution, 'GIAOP model, Valida-
tion.
PB-285 707/6 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Wastewater Research Div.
Effects of Thermal Treatment of Sludge on Munic-
ipal Wastewater Treatment Costs. Final rept,
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, El
Dorado Hills, Calif.
Lewis J. Ewing, Jr., Howard H. Almgren, and Russell L.
Gulp. Jun 78,120p EPA/600/2-78/073
Contract EPA-68-03-2186
Data for estimating average construction costs and
operation and maintenance requirements are present-
ed tor thermal treatment of municipal Wastewater
sludges; for handling, treatment, and disposal of the
strong liquor generated; and for controlling odors pro-
duced. Size ranges covered are treatment plants of 1
to 100 mgd, and sludge handling facilities of 1 to 100
tons per day. Estimating data are included for many
separate process functions associated with thermal
treatment of sludge, processing, of the sldestreams,
and control of odors produced. Where possible, cost
components are presented In a manner which will
allow adjustment to fluctuating costs for labor, materi-
als, and energy.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Heat treatment, Cost engineering, 'Construction
costs, Municipalities, Odor control, Liquids, Cost esti-
mates, Maintenance, Materials handling.
PB-285 714/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Hslnee, Polk County, Florida. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,38p WORKING PAPER-255
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Rorida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Haines, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Polk County(Florida).
PB-285 715/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. Oreg.
Lake Howell, Semlnole County, Florida. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,42p WORKING PAPER-257
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Howell, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Seminole County(Florida).
PB-285 716/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Lake Lulu, Polk County. Florida. Final rept
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, Oreg.
Dec 77,34p WORKING PAPER-263
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, Nev., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee,
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Lulu, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Polk County(Florida).
PB-285 723/3 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
CEA Variable-Throat Venturl Scrubber Evaluation.
Final rept May 77-Dec 77,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
Joseph D. McCain. Jun 78,81 p SORI-EAS-78-348,
3765-SR, EPA/600/7-78/094
Contract EPA-68-02-1480
The report gives detailed results of fractional and over-
all mass efficiency tests of a Combustion Equipment
Associates(CEA) variable-throat venturi scrubber. The
tests were performed on a full-scale scrubber used for
controlling particles and SOx emissions from a pulver-
ized-coal-lired utility boiler. Total flue gas paniculate
mass concentrations were determined at the scrubber
inlet and outlet by conventional techniques. Inlet and
outlet paniculate concentrations as functions of size
were determined on a mass basis using cascade Im-
pactors for sizes from about 0.3 to 5 micrometers, and
on a number basis for sizes smaller than about 1 mi-
crometer using optical and electrical mobility tech-
niques. The report describes the scrubber, measure-
ment methods, Inlet and outlet size distribution data,
and fractional efficiencies.
Keywords: 'Scrubbers, *Air pollution control equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, Particles, Sulfur
oxides, Combustion products, Flue gases, Electric
power plants, Venturi scrubbers, Coal fired power
plants.
PB-285 724/1 PC A03/MF A01
Ion Selective Electrodes In Water Quality Analy-
sis. Final rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio. Water Supply Research Div.
Robert C. Thumau. May 78,44p EPA/600/2-78/106
The maintenance of water quality whether at the treat-
ment plant or out In the distribution system is predicat-
ed on accurately knowing the condition of the water at
any particular moment. Ion selective electrodes have
shown tremendous potential in the area of continuous
water quality analysis, and were employed by the
Water Supply Research Division's Mobile Water Qual-
ity Laboratory to monitor: alkalinity, calcium, chloride,
fluoride, hardness, nitrate, and pH. The pH and the
chloride electrodes were housed in a commercial unit
and linked to the computer with a minimum number of
operating problems. The other parameters required
more development and all relied on ionic strength or
pH buffers to swamp out problems of activity and ionic
strength. The test periods were usually about a week
in length, end data were presented as to the reliability
and accuracy of the electrodes. It was found that the
electrodes performed quite well, and when compared
to accuracy statistics found in Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater, the elec-
trode methods were in the same region.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Calcium, 'Alkalinity,
•Chlorides, 'Fluorides, 'Inorganic nitrates, *pH, Water
pollution, Potentiometric analysis. Performance evalu-
ation, Accuracy, Reliability, Water treatment, Potable
water, Monitoring, 'Ion selective electrodes, 'Water
pollution detection, *Hardness(Water), Drinking water.
PB-286 737/3 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Kansas, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kens. Water Resources
Div.
Jan 78,631 p USGS/WRD/HD-78/002, USGS/WDR/
KS-77/1
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-273 426.
December 1963 497
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Kansas consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality in wells. This report contains discharge
records for 149 gaging stations; stage and contents for
20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 77 gaging
stations and 2 lakes; and water levels for 463 observa-
tion wells and water quality for 269 wells. Also included
are data for 132 crest-stage partial-record stations and
23 low-flow partial-record stations. These data repre-
sent that part of the National Water Data System oper-
ated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
state and Federal agencies in Kansas.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Kansas, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Row rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
•Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data.
PB-285 744/9 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Wyoming, Water Year
1976. Volume 2. Green River, Bear River, and
Snake River Basins. Annual rept. 1 Oct 75-30 Sep
76.
Geological Survey, Cheyenne, Wyo. Water Resources
Div.
Feb 78,445p USGS/WRD/HD-78/001, USGS/WDR/
WY-76/2
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Wyo-
ming consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report, in two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 226 gaging stations; stage
only records for 1 lake; stage and contents for 16 lakes
and reservoirs; water quality for 116 gaging stations,
68 ungaged stations, 4 lakes and reservoirs, and 253
wells and springs; and water levels for 48 observation
wells. Also included are 111 crest-stage partial-record
stations. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating state and Federal agencies in
Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Wyoming, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
•Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data.
PB-285 765/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
An Examination of Some Mlcrometeorologlcal
Method* for Measuring Dry Deposition. Interim
rept. Jan 77-Jan 78,
Argonne National Lab., III. Radiological and Environ-
mental Research Div.
Bruce B. Hicks, and Marvin L. Wesely. Jul 78,29p
EPA/600/7-78/116
Dry deposition on natural surfaces Is one of the major
removal pathways for air pollutants. In order to devel-
op mathematical descriptions for the numerical simula-
tion of the transport, removal, and ecological impact of
pollutant gases and aerosols, the dependence of dry
deposition rates on physical, chemical, and biological
parameters must be understood. Such relationships
can be studied by using several experimental methods
to determine the vertical fluxes of pollutants over natu-
ral surfaces. The possible experimental methods in-
clude aerodynamic, modified Bowen ratio, eddy corre-
lation, variance, and eddy accumulation. The relative
advantages and disadvantages of these methods are
discussed, with consideration being given to the
sensor response time and accuracy. The roles of at-
mospheric stability and the zero plane, site and Instru-
mental requirements, and averaging time are dis-
cussed for flux measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Deposition, 'Atmospheric
motion, Micrometeorology, Aerodynamics, Eddies,
Measurement, Flux(Rate), Numerical analysis,
Sinks(Biosphere).
PB-285 782/9 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Utilization of Numerical Groundwater Models for
Water Resource Management. Final rept. Jun 75-
Sep 77,
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment,
Paris (France).
Yehuda Bachmat, Barbara Andrews, David Holtz, and
Scott Sebastian. Jun 78,189p* EPA/600/8-78/012
GrantEPA-R-803713
Prepared in cooperation with Butler Univ., Indianapolis,
IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
The study assessed the present status of international
numerical models as a tool for ground-water related
water resource management. Among the problem
areas considered are: The accessibility of models to
users; communications between managers and tech-
nical personnel; inadequacies of data; and inadequa-
cies in modeling. The report, which is directed toward
the nontechnical reader, describes 250 models. These
are categorized as prediction, management, identifica-
tion, and data management models. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Ground water,
'Water quality management, 'Hydrology, International
relations, Assessments, Constraints, Availability,
Errors, Communicating, Predictions, Hydrogeology,
Identifying, Data processing.
PB-285 783/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Chlorolysis Applied to the Conversion of Chloro-
carbon Residues. Final rept. Dec 76-Mar 78,
Hoechst-Uhde Corp., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
C. E. Shannahan, H. Weber, G. Hauptman, and N.
Carduck. Jul 78,65p EPA/600/2-78/146
Contract EPA-68-03-2380
This program was initiated with the objective of deter-
mining the technical feasibility and economic viability
of eliminating, within the United States, the discharge
of large quantities of chlorocarbon residues which are
harmful to the environment through the use of a
German process (chlorqlysis), which has been used
commercially on almost identical residues, to produce
a saleable product. The technology selected and ana-
lyzed for this purpose is licensed by Hoechst AG (FDR)
and through Hoechst-Uhde Corporation (USA) and is
known as the 'Chlorolysis Process.' This process has
been utilized in West Germany for almost a decade. A
large commercial plant (50,000 MT/Yr) incorporating
this technology started operation last year. In addition
to its established basis, 'chlorolysis' also offers the ad-
vantage of handling a wide variety of chlorocarbon
waste residues making it especially suitable for use in
a regional plant.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial waste
treatment, "Chlorine organic compounds, 'Chlorina-
tion, 'Chemical decomposition, Chemical industry,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Toxicology, Hazardous materi-
als, Feedstocks, Carbon tetrachloride, Residues,
Chemical decomposition, Economic analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Cost estimates, Reclamation, Water pol-
lution abatement, Liquid waste disposal, Stationary
sources.
PB-285 794/4 PC A15/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1977. Volume 2. Delaware River Basin and
Tributaries to Delaware River Bay. Annual rept. 1
Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Trenton, N.J. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 78,336p USGS/WRD/HD-78/028, USGS/WDR/
NJ-77-2
See also Volume 1, Year 1977, PB-284 672.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality In wells and springs. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 26 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 5 stations; stage and con-
tents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 17
gaging stations, 94 partial-record flow stations, and 57
wells; and water levels for 3 observation wells. Also in-
cluded are 27 crest-stage partial-record stations and
18 low-flow partial-record stations. These data repre-
sent that part of the National Water Data System oper-
ated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
state and Federal agencies in New Jersey. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Hydrology, "Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'New Jersey, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge, Hydrologic data.
PB-285 795/1 PC A16/MF A01
Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis.
Summary of Available Information on Chesapeake
Bay Submerged Vegetation,
Maryland Univ., Cambridge. Horn Point Environmental
Labs.
J. Court Stevenson, and Nedra M. Confer. Aug 78,
362p FWS/OBS-78/66
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2138
Sponsored in part by Maryland Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Annapolis, and Environmental Protection
Agency, Annapolis, Md. Region 3 Chesapeake Bay
Program.
Submerged aquatic species tend to inhabit the shal-
low, shoreline areas of the Bay and its subestuaries,
primarily limited to depths of three meters or less. Spe-
cies vary as to salinity and temperature tolerances,
morphology, preferred bottom substrate, susceptibility
to chemical pollutants and general distribution. There
are approximately eleven species of submerged
aquatic vegetation (SAV) dominant in the waters of the
Chesapeake Bay. Submerged aquatic flora constitutes
the principal source of food for waterfowl and some
fish; they provide direct or indirect food and shelter for
many of the small host organisms that are eaten by
fish and other predators. The spawning activities of
certain organisms require SAV: they purify the water by
removing various noxious substances and returning
oxygen; they shade the underlying waters and sedi-
ments from solar heating; and they provide an impor-
tant source of detritus. Submerged aquatics help stabi-
lize sediments and reduce shoreline erosion.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Aquatic plants, 'Plant ecol-
ogy, 'Chesapeake Bay, Submerging, Swamps,
Bays(Topographic features). Sea grasses, Plant nutri-
tion, Depth, Estuaries, Salinity, Ocean temperature,
Substrates, Morphology, Water pollution, Chemical
properties, Feeding stuffs, Fisheries, Water treatment,
Erosion control.
PB-285 797/7 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Engineering and Economic Analysis of Waste to
Energy Systems. Final rept. Apr 75-Jun 77,
Parsons (Ralph M.) Co., Pasadena, Calif.
E. Milton Wilson, John M. Leavens, Nathan W. Snyder,
John J. Brehany, and Richard F. Whitman. May 78,
460p' RMP-5495-1, EPA/600/7-78/086
Contract EPA-68-02-2101
Waste quantities and characteristics in the U.S. are re-
viewed and waste-to-energy conversion technology
evaluated. All waste materials, exclusive of those from
mining operations, are considered. The technology Is
reviewed under the categories of mechanical process-
ing, biological conversion systems, thermal/chemical
systems, and combustion. Important features of many
operating facilities are described and detailed engi-
neering and economic analyses of seven specific sys-
tems are presented. An analysis is also made of the
technology and costs for conversion of pyrolytic off-
gas to methane, methanol, and ammonia. Environ-
mental pollution data are presented where available
and the current control technology briefly reviewed.
Conclusions on the conversion technology are made
and research needs considered in a series of recom-
mendations. (Portions of this document are not fully
legible)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Heat recovery,
•Synthetic fuels, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Reclamation,
Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes, Pyrolysis, Inciner-
ators, Air pollution, Waste processing, Sludge dispos-
al, Sewage sludge, Energy conversion, Anaerobic
processes, Methanes, Ammonia, Methyl alcohol, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Refuse derived fuels, Purox pyr-
olysis process, Flash pyrolyses.
498 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
£6-286 804/1 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, Nev.
Air Monitor Siting by Objective,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
Masato Koda, and John H. Seinfeld. Jun 78,89p EPA/
600/4-78/036
Contract EPA-68-03-2441
A method is developed whereby measured pollutant
concentrations can be used in conjunction with a
{Mathematical air quality model to estimate the full spa-
Mi and temporal concentration distributions of the pol-
lutants over a given region. The method is based on
the application of estimation theory to systems de-
scribed by partial differential equations, such as the at-
mospheric diffusion equation. A computer code has
been developed that can process monitoring data to
produce concentration distribution estimates. The
°pde has been tested extensively on a hypothetical
airshed, designed to illustrate the key features of the
method. Once concentration distributions have been
estimated, new monitoring stations can be located
oased on several siting criteria.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Site surveys, 'Mathematical
models, Regional planning, Atmospheric motion, Sam-
P"ng, 'Monitoring, 'Air pollution sampling, Air quality.
£B-285 806/8 PC A16/MF A01
JJ» AMOCO CADIZ Oil Spill. A Preliminary Sclen-
j5«c Report Special rept.,
Rational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
goulder, Colo. Environmental Research Labs.
Wllmot N. Hess. Apr 78,355p NOAA-78080901
prepared in cooperation with Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
^preliminary account of the United States (EPA and
2PAA Interagency oil spill response team) scientific
efforts in response to the Amoco Cadiz oil spill during
the period March 19 to May 15,1978 is provided. Ap-
proximately 64,000 tons of oil came ashore along 72
wn of the shoreline of Brittany during the first 2 1/2
weeks of the spill. A prevailing westerly wind pushed
[ne oil against west-facing headlands and into shore-
line embayments as it moved east. A wind reversal in
eariy April moved the oil in the opposite direction, con-
"aminating previously untouched areas. Coastal proc-
jj**es and geomorpnology played a major role in the
a™persal and accumulation of the oil once it came on-
Jwe. Studies include: Physical processes; Chemical
composition of selected environmental and petroleum
"amples from the Amoco Cadiz oil spill; Investigations
°,' beach processes; Biological observations; Oil spill
cleanup activities; Chronology; Colored plates.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Coasts, 'Environ-
mjfntal impacts, Beaches, Cleaning, Accidents, Tanker
snips, Dispersions, Chemical composition, Ecology,
Transport properties, Marine biology, Birds, Aquatic
S™mals, Seals(Mammals), Ocean tides, Photographs,
rjpcess charting, Maps, Water pollution
fnectsfAnimals). 'Oil pollution removal, Mariculture,
*moco Cadiz vessel, Brittany(France), Cadiz vessel.
fB-288 813/2 PC A10/MF A01
•••tor Resource* Data for Maine, Water Year
f*rr. Annual rept. for 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
geological Survey, Augusta, Maine. Water Resources
May 78,215p USGS/WRD/HD-78/019, USGS/WDR/
ME-77/1
See also report for 1976, PB-267 930.
jjfater resources data for the 1977 water year for
"jaine consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
•"a reservoirs; and water-levels and water quality of
r8"*. This report contains discharge records for 70
zfOing stations; stage only for 2 gaging stations; con-
•entsior 17 lakes and reservoirs; water quality lor 12
•aging stations and 22 wells; and Water levels for 17
Jjpservatton wells. These data represent that part of
!Pe National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
geological Survey and cooperating state and Federal
a8endes.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
"aters, 'Water pollution, 'Maine, Tables(Data),
?f'eam flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
"Jjn wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
Phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge, Hydrologic data.
PB-285 825/6 PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Okla.
Managing Saline Water for Irrigation. Proceedings
of the International Conference on Managing
Saline Water for Irrigation: Planning for the Future
Held at Lubbock, Texas on August 16-20, 1976.
Final rept.,
International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Stud-
ies, Lubbock, Tex.
H. E. Dregne. Sep 78,623p EPA/600/9-78/030
Grant EPA-R-804265
An international conference was held at Texas Tech
University in 1976 to assess the current state of knowl-
edge about managing saline water for irrigation and to
present new information on how to cope with salinity.
Plant scientists, soil scientists, and engineers repre-
senting 20 countries participated in the sessions. Their
findings are presented in this volume. The tone of the
papers is one of optimism that moderately saline water
can be used successfully for irrigation if what is known
already and what is being learned now is used effec-
tively. Mixed with the optimism is the realization that
careless management of saline irrigation water can be
disasterpus to the land and, more importantly, to the
people living on that land.
Keywords: 'Farm management, 'Saline water, 'Irriga-
tion, 'Meetings, Salinity, Assessments, Soil water,
Leaching, Agronomy, Desalting, Mathematical models,
Texas, New Mexico, Farms, Tolerances(Physiology),
Water Quality management, Statistical data, United
States, Arizona, California, 'Return flow.
PB-285 826/4 PC A17/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
Epldemlologlc Study of the Effects of Automobile
Traffic on Blood Lead Levels,
Southwest Research Inst., Houston, Tex.
D. E. Johnson, R. J. Prevost, J. B. Tillery, K. T. Kimball,
and J. M. Hosenfeld. Aug 78,385p EPA/600/1-78/
055
Contract EPA-68-02-2227
The study investigated the absorption of lead by per-
sons of different age-sex groups exposed to auto-
mobile emissions of lead at traffic densities from less
than 1,000 cars per day to 25,000 cars per day. The re-
lationships between traffic density and lead in various
environmental samples were also examined. A house-
to-house survey based on a strict set of selection crite-
ria was used to recruit study participants. At each
house a series of environmental measurements were
taken: traffic volume, tap water, paint-interior and exte-
rior, housedust and window sill wipes. Two blood sam-
ples were taken a week apart. In the range of traffic ex-
posures studied no relationship with blood lead levels
was observed (maximum mean air lead < 2.0 micro-
grams/cu m). A positive relationship between smoking
and blood lead levels was found for both males and fe-
males. This relationship was statistically significant for
females but not for males. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), Air pollution, Toxicology,
Absorption(Blology), Smoking, Males, Females, Sex
groups, Age groups, Children, Soils, Accumulation,
ConcentrationfCompositlon), Relationships, Samples,
Criteria, Measurement, Blood chemical analysis, Expo-
sure, Exhaust emissions, Motor vehicles, Air sampling,
Cigarette smoking, 'Automobile exhaust, 'Bioaccumu-
lation, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB-285 854/6 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Volume I. Emissions
and Non-Air Quality Environmental Impacts.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, Calif. Energy and Environ-
mental Engineering Div.
Mar 78,136p* EPA/600/7-78/155A
Contract EPA-68-01-1921
See also Volume 2, PB-285 85S.
This two volume report summarizes a study of the pro-
jected effects of several different revisions to the cur-
rent New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for
sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from coal-fired utility
power boilers. The revision is assumed to apply to all
coal-fired units of 25 megawatts or greater generating
capacity beginning operation after 1982. The revised
standards which are considered are: (1) mandatory 90
percent SO2 removal with an upper limit on emissions
of 1.2 Ib S02 per million Btu; (2) mandatory 80 percent
SO2 removal with the same upper limit; (3) no manda-
tory percentage removal with an upper limit of 0.5 Ib
S02 per million Btu. In addition, effects of revising the
NSPS for paniculate emissions from the current value
of 0.1 Ib per million Btu down to 0.03 Ib are quantified.
Projections of the structure of the electric utility indus-
try both with and without the NSPS revisions are given
out to the year 2000. Volume 1 discusses air emis-
sions, solid wastes, water consumption, and energy re-
quirements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Forecast-
ing, 'Electric power plants, Revisions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Standards, Electric utili-
ties, Combustion products, Air pollution, Solid wastes,
Water consumption, Particles, Boilers, Coal, Nitrogen
oxides, Standards, 'Coal fired power plants, 'New
source performance standards, Air quality, Baseline
measurements, Energy requirements.
PB-285 855/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Volume II. Economic
and Financial Impacts.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, Calif. Energy and Environ-
mental Engineering Div.
Mar 78,179p* EPA/600/7-78/155B
Contract EPA-68-01-1921
See also Volume 1, PB-285 854.
This two volume report summarizes a study of the pro-
jected effects of several different revisions to the cur-
rent New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for
sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from coal-fired utility
power boilers. The revision is assumed to apply to all
coal-fired units of 25 megawatts or greater generating
capacity beginning operation after 1982. The revised
standards which are considered are: (1) mandatory 90
percent SO2 removal with an upper limit on emissions
of 1.2 Ib SO2 per million Btu; (2) mandatory 80 percent
SO2 removal with the same upper limit; (3) no manda-
tory percentage removal with an upper limit of 0.5 Ib
SO2 per million Btu. In addition, effects of revising the
NSPS for paniculate emissions from the current value
of 0.1 Ib per million Btu down to 0.03 Ib are quantified.
Projections of the structure of the electric utility indus-
try both with and without the NSPS revisions are given
out to the year 2000. Volume 2 discusses economic
and financial effects, including projections of pollution
control costs and changes in electricity prices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Economic Impacts, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Forecasting, 'Economic impacts, 'Electric
power plants, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Parti-
cles, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
utilities, Capitalized costs, Revisions, Standards, As-
sessments, Regions, Substitutes, Financing, Prices,
'Coal fired power plants, Air quality, 'New source per-
formance standards. Fuel economy.
PB-285 857/9 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sewage Disposal on Agricultural Soils: Chemical
and Microbiological Implications. Volume I.
Chemical Implications. Final rept. 1975-77,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Soil and
Crop Sciences.
L R. Hossner, Chun-Wei Kao, R. W. Weaver, and J. A.
Waggoner. Jun 78,133p* EPA/600/2-78-131A
Grant EPA-R-803281
See also Volume 2, PB-285 858.
The city of San Angelo, Texas, has used sewage efflu-
ent which has undergone primary treatment for irriga-
tion of the same 259-nectare sewage farm since 1958.
the soil and water quality was studied from 1975 to
1977. The volume of sewage arriving at the sewage
treatment plant ranged from 0.219 to 0.351 cu m/sec.
and contributed from 3.4 to 31.2 percent of the total
flow of the bordering Concho River in 1976. The fate of
applied nitrogen, phosphorus, and selected heavy
metals in the soil-water-plant ecosystem were exam-
December 1983 499
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ined. Phosphorus accumulated in the soil profile to
depths of 200 cm along with a slight build-up of certain
heavy metals in the surface soils. Deep wells appeared
to be uncontaminated by the sewage farm operation.
Keywords: "Irrigation, 'Soil chemistry,
*Concentfatlon(Compositlon), "Sewage treatment,
•Water pollution control, 'Municipalities, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Metals, Soil profiles, Land use, Rural
areas. Trace elements, Water wells, Contamination,
Accumulation, Texas, Concho River, Hydrology, "Land
application, Primary treatment, San AngelofTexas),
Heavy metals, Soil water plant relationships, Sewage
irrigation.
PB-285 858/7 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sewage Disposal on Agricultural Soils: Chemical
and Microbiological Implications. Volume II. Mi-
crobiological Implications. Final rept. 1975-77,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Soil and
Crop Sciences.
R. W. Weaver, N. O. Dronen, B. G. Foster, F. C. Heck,
and R. C. Fehrmann. Jun 78,109p* EPA/600/2-78-
131B
Contract EPA-R-803281
See also Volume 1, PB-285 857.
The city of San Angelo, Texas, has been using agricul-
tural land for decades as a means of disposing of all of
its municipal sewage after primary treatment. Water
applications have been high enough to satisfy crop re-
quirements for a 600 ha farm even tough the farm con-
sists of only 259 ha. The farm routinely supports about
500 cattle on its pastures and produces both row and
hay crops. Land application of sewage has public
health implications, and this study was conducted to
evaluate these concerns. This was accomplished by
monitoring the soils and waters on the farm to deter-
mine the incidence of Salmonella and parasites. There
was an unusually high population of animal parasites in
the soils as compared to off-farm control soils. This is
thought to be due to the higher animal density, the
vegetative cover, and relatively moist soil conditions
on the farm.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Soil microbiology, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Municipalities,
Land use, Farm crops, Agronomy, Monitoring, Salmo-
nella, Parasites, Lagoons(Ponds), Sludge, Viruses,
Soil properties, Vegetation, Farms, Leaching, Soil
chemistry, Public health, Texas, 'Land application,
'Sewage irrigation.
PB-285 864/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Evaluation of Electrostatic Preclpitator During
SRC Combustion Tests. Final task rept. Apr-Aug 77,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, Ala.
Grady B. Nichols, and William J. Barrett. Jul 78.57p
EPA/600/7-78/129
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
The report deals with the evaluation of an electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) and associated environmental fac-
tors during the burning of solvent refined coal (SRC) in
a boiler at Plant Mitchell of the Georgia Power Compa-
ny. The effort was part of an overall study of the use of
SRC In a full-scale electric power plant. Results of a
performance evaluation of the ESP are reported and
Interpreted. Samples of stack emissions were collect-
ed with a Source Assessment Sampling System
(SASS) train for chemical analysis: results of the analy-
sis are to be reported later.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Air pollution
control, 'Electric power plants, Performance evalua-
tion, Fly ash, Electrical resistivity, Sampling, Flue
oases, 'Solvent refined coal, Coal fired power plants,
Stationary sources.
PB-286 866/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Analysis of Fish Tissue for Kepona, Mlrax, Mra-
zlns, Unuron and Alachlor. Final rept. 1976,
Analytical Biochemistry Labs.. Inc., Columbia, Mo.
Gary Brookhart, and Lyle D. Johnson. Jan 77,15p
EPA/903/9-78/018
Contract EPA-WD-699-1039
The report includes the methodologies used in the
analysis of Keppne, Mirex, Atrazine, Linuron, and
Alachlor. Data lists the percent recovery of these
chemicals in the fish in parts/million. The areas re-
searched were the Rappahannock, Nanticoke, Poto-
mac, Sassafras, Bohemia, Little Elk, Elk, Choptank,
and James Rivers. These rivers empty into the Chesa-
peake Bay.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chemi-
cal analysis, Rivers, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Procedures, Chesa-
peake Bay, Tissues(Biology), Tables(Data), Herbi-
cides, Insecticides, Concentration(Composition),
Ureas, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Bioaccumula-
tions, 'Kepone, 'Mirex, 'Atrazine, 'Alachlor, 'Pesti-
cide residues, 'Toxic substances, 'Linuron.
PB-286 870/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Action Handbook for Small Communities Facing
Rapid Growth 'Case Study' Scobey, Montana.
Final rept.,
Briscoe, Maphis, Murray and Lamont, Inc., Boulder,
CO.
William Lamont, Jr., and James A. Murray. Jun 77,
132p EPA/908/4-78/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -3579
This handbook was prepared for use by local commu-
nities that were anticipating growth impacts from
energy development in the Rocky Mountain Region.
Case studies were conducted in conjunction with prep-
aration of the handbook. The report evaluates the cur-
rent setting of the Scobey Community as to its capabili-
ties and opportunities should growth occur. It suggests
action programs which are based on the goals and
policies suggested by the residents of the Scobey
area. They have not necessarily been totally accepted
by the community, but have been publicly reviewed
and provide a sound basis from which to begin a pro-
gram in Scobey.
Keywords: 'Community development, "Energy source
development, Citizen participation, Local government,
Land use, Transportation, Housing studies, Utilities,
Services, Coordination, State government, Montana,
Small communities, Scobey(Montana), Case studies,
Rockey Mountain Region(United States), Daniels
County(Montana).
PB-285 877/7 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N. C.
Fine Particle Emissions Information System User
Quids. Rept. for Jan-May 78,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, Mo.
M. P. Schrag. Jun 78, 308p EPA/600/8-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2641
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-262 720.
The report is an extensive user guide to the Fine Parti-
cle Emissions Information System (FPEIS), a comput-
erized database on primary fine particle emissions to
the atmosphere from stationary point sources. The
FPEIS is a component of the Environmental Assess-
ment Data Systems (EADS) which is designed to aid
researchers in environmental assessment and fine
particle control technology development activities. The
FPEIS will contain source test data including particle
size distributions; chemical, physical, and oloassay
testing results performed on paniculate samples;
design and typical operating data on particle control
systems applied; process descriptions of the sources;
and descriptions of the sampling equipment and tech-
niques employed. This FPEIS, a successor to the MRI
Fine Particle Inventory developed in 1971, report gives
detailed instructions for encoding FPEIS datasets,
along with a copy of the FPEIS data input form. It dis-
cusses procedures which will provide users with
access to the FPEIS either by direct computer request
for authorized National Computer Center (NCC) ac-
counts or by written request to the EPA project officer.
It gives a list of standard data Inquiry and retrieval re-
quests, with instructions for their use.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Fines, 'Information systems,
•Data acquisition, 'Air pollution, Manuals, Physical
properties, Data retrieval, Information retrieval, Sta-
tionary sources, Point sources, 'Fine Particle Emis-
sions Information System.
PB-285 880/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Dssulfurlzatlon Using Microwave Energy.
Final rept. Aug 76-Oct 77,
General Electric Co., Philadelphia, PA. Re-entry and
Environmental Systems Div.
P. D. Zavitsanos, K. W. Bleiler, J. A. Golden, and W. K.
Kinkead. Jun 78, 79p EPA/600/7-78/089
Contract EPA-68-02-2172
The report describes the use of microwave energy and
NaOH to remove pyritic and organic sulfur from sever-
al U.S. coals. Exposure times on the order of 1 minute
at 1 atmosphere of inert gas can remove up to 85% of
the sulfur with little or no loss in heating value of the
coal. Data analysis suggests that sulfur is converted to
water soluble sulfides (Na2S. Na2Sx) in the process
and that sulfur conversion follows first-order reaction
kinetics. The mechanism by which fast rates of desul-
furlzation are accomplished is most probably related to
the fast (and to some degree selective) in-depth heat-
ing of the bed. The activation of water, FeS2, and
NaOH creates local volatilization, high temperature
and pressure conditions which accelerate sulfur reac-
tions before the coal has a chance to decompose. It is
also quite possible that local non-equilibrium chemistry
(as a result of localized discharge sites) plays a benefi-
cial role.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, "Desulfurization, "Mi-
crowaves, Air pollution. Sodium hydroxide, Sulfur, Re-
action kinetics, Design criteria, Chemical analysis,
Thermochemistry, Economics, 'Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB-285 881/9 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potsntlal Environmental
Contaminants: Acrylonltrlle. Final rept.,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa.
Lynne M. Miller, and Jon E. Villaume. May 78,251 p*
FIRL-80G-C4807-01, FIRL-F-C4807-01, EPA/560/2-
78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-3893
The report is a survey and summary of the literature on
acrylonltrile. Major aspects of its biological effects, en-
vironmental exposure, chemistry, production and use,
and regulations are reviewed and assessed. Acryloni-
trile is used in a wide variety of plastics, fibers, and
elastomers. About 1.5 billion pounds of acrylonitrile
are produced annually by the reaction of propylene,
air, and ammonia. Low levels of acrylonitrile enter the
environment during production, storage, end-product
manufacture and end-use, although extensive monitor-
ing data are not available. Recent evidence shows
acrylonitrile to be carcinogenic In animals and possibly
carcinogenic in humans. It resulted In birth defects
when fed to pregnant rats and caused mutations in
some type of bacteria. Short-term exposure to humans
causes headache, mucus membrane Irritation, dizzi-
ness, vomiting and incoordination. Several fatalities
have resulted from fumlgant use. Direct skin contact
produces blisters resembling second-degree burns. In
laboratory mammals, signs of acrylonitrile intoxication
include altered breathing, incoordination, weakness,
convulsions, and coma.
Keywords: "Acrylonitrlles, 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxi-
cology, 'Chemical industry, Toxicity, Nitriles, Reviews,
Assessments, Exposure, Production, Standards,
StatesfUnited States), Foreign countries, Recommen-
dations, Utilization, Regulations, Carcinogens, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Mutations, Congenital abnormalities,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Physiological
effects, Humans, Carcinogenesis, Literature surveys,
Biological effects, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-285 891/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
Measurement of Light Hydrocarbons and Oxldant
Transport, Houston Area 1978. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
H. Westberg, K. Allwlne, and E. Robinson. Jul 78,252p
EPA/600/3-78/062
Contract EPA-68-02-2298
500 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An extensive air pollutant monitoring program, Includ-
ing ground level and aerial sampling, was carried out In
the Houston area during the month of July 1976.
Measurements Included ozone, oxides of nitrogen,
PAN, methane, carbon monoxide, Individual hydrocar-
bons (C2-C10), halocarbons, condensation nuclei, and
visual distance plus numerous meteorological param-
eters. Specific areas of Interest Included (1) oxldant
formation and transport within the Houston urban
plume, (2) relationships between ozone layers aloft
«nd the vertical temperature profile, (3) composition
snd effects of refinery and petrochemical emissions on
the local Houston air mass, and (4) Identification and
quantltatlon of Individual C2-C10 hydrocarbons In the
Houston atmosphere. Results of this field program
showed that the city of Houston serves as a strong pol-
lutant source. Ozone concentrations were generally
high In downwind areas. During the study period, there
were no 'blanket' areas of ozone In southern Texas.
Therefore, high oxldant levels observed In Houston are
s direct result of the precursors emitted in the Houston
srea.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Texas,
ConcentrationjComposition), Ozone, Halogen organic
compounds, Particles, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides, *Air quality data,
Houston(Texas).
fB-286 906/4 PC A03/MF A01
Bsh and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Office of
Biological Services.
A Conceptual Ecological Model for Chesapeake
green (Katherine A.), Rockvllle, MD.
Katharine A. Green. Sen 78,31p FWS/OBS-78/69
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
A conceptual model tor the Chesapeake Bay ecosys-
tem (wetlands, tributaries, and bay proper) has been
developed as an interrelated series of diagrams show-
ing carbon and nutrient. Information was based on an
analysis of local literature and discussions with sclerv
jws who are studying the Bay. The ecological func-
ions that produce the resources of commercial and
recreational fisheries, habitat for migratory birds and
other wildlife, waste disposal, and aesthetic water
juallty are Indicated. Physical (light, turbidity, mixing,
transport, sedimentation) and chemical (sediment-
Jjvter Interactions, presence of pollutants) aspects of
'he environment modify the rates of biological proc-
•eses (primary production, nutrient regeneration, larval
survival). A detailed ecosystem model combining the
wetlands, plankton, seagrasses, other benthos, and
nth trophic dynamics submodels shows the Impor-
wnce of material transfer and Interactions between
subsystems.
Keywords: 'Ecology. 'Sea grasses, 'Fishes, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, 'Water pollution, Concepts, Models,
Benthos. Wildlife. Birds, Waste disposal, Esthetics.
Plankton, Mass flow, Water flow, Oysters,
2,eproduction(Blology), Water quality, Turbidity, Sedi-
fnem transport, Virginia, Maryland, Habitats, Wetlands,
rrophlc level, Ecosystems.
fB-28S 912/2 PC A08/MF A01
"uustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
«»
Combined Reverse Osmosis and Freeze Concen-
tration of Bleach Plant Effluents. Final rept,
institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wl.
Averill J. Wiley, Lyle I. Dambruch, Peter E. Parker, and
"ardev S. Dugal. Jun 78,158p EPA/800/2-78/132
Grant EPA-R-803525
Reverse osmosis (RO) and freeze concentration (FC)
were evaluated at three different pulp and paper mills
~* tools for concentrating bleach plant effluents. By
•"•SB concentration processes, the feed effluent was
•Wded Into two streams. The clean water stream ap-
proached drinking water purity in some instances, and
could potentially be recycled to the mill with minimal
Problems. The concentrate stream retained virtually all
E* dissolved material originally present in the feed.
' ypically, reverse osmosis removed 90% of the water
"°m a stream containing 5 g/l of total solids to give a
concentrated stream with 50 g/l solids. Freeze con-
centration further concentrated the reverse osmosis
concentrate to about 200 g/l. Thus, each 100 liters of
'•ed resulted In about 98 liters of clean water and 2
"era of concentrate. Schemes for the ultimate dlspos-
w of this final concentrate were not tested. Based on
data collected at the three mills, estimates of the proc-
ess economics were made. Reverse osmosis alone, or
combined with freeze concentration, Is quite expen-
sive. At current levels of water usage for bleaching,
costs ranged from $18 to $27 per metric ton of
bleached pulp (approximately $3.50/1000 gallons (M
gal) of bleach plant and Increased membrane life could
significantly lower these costs.
Keywords: 'Paper mills, 'Pulp mills, 'Water pollution
control, 'Water reclamation, Freezing, Osmosis, Per-
formance evaluation. Industrial water, Cost estimates,
Colors(Materlals), Bleaching, 'Reverse osmosis,
Freeze concentration.
PB-28S 917/1 PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Workshop on Unregulated Diesel Emissions and
Their Potential Health Effects - Edited Transcript
of Proceedings. Conference proceedings.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Wash-
ington, D.C.
Apr 78,686p DOT-HS-803 627
Sponsored In part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, D.C. and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
With the advent of the fleet average fuel economy
standards for passenger cars and light trucks, the In-
ternational passenger car and truck manufacturers
have sought cost effective means of Improving fuel
economy. The dlesellzation of the passenger car and
light truck fleets Is a singularly Important way to Im-
prove fuel economy. With the many unknowns con-
cerning unregulated diesel emissions and their poten-
tial Impact on human health, the responsible govern-
ment agencies, NHTSA, DOE, and EPA, have taken a
cautious attitude regarding a major shift Into diesel en-
gines until more Is learned. All three agencies have
been actively studying the problems of diesel emission
measurement, control, dispersion, and chemical trans-
formation and medical effects. This workshop, which
had extensive participation from Industry, universities,
government agencies, and concerned citizens, pro-
vided an opportunity to exchange Information among
experts, policy makers, and Interested parties in the
areas of: (1) emissions characterization and measure-
ment; (2) control technology; (3) factors affecting
human exposure; and (4) health effects. As the pro-
ceedings show, there is much to be learned about un-
regulated diesel emissions.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Exhaust emissions, Experi-
mental data, Physiological effects, Exhaust gases, Ex-
posure, Humans, TabTes(Data), Measurement, Diesel
engines, Motor vehicle engines, National government,
Government agencies, Participates, 'Diesel engine
exhaust, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
control, Automobile exhaust.
PB-285 923/9 PC A09/MF A01
American-Soviet Symposium on the Biological Ef-
fects of Pollution on Marine Organisms (1st). Final
rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Thomas W. Duke, and Anatolity I. Simonov. May 78,
176p EPA/600/09-78/007
This symposium was conducted under a US-USSR En-
vironmental Agreement, Project 02.06-21 titled 'Influ-
ence of Pollutants on Marine Organisms.' American
and Soviet specialists discuss state-of-the-art for hy-
droblologlcal analysis of basic structural components
of marine ecosystems and the Influence of various pol-
lutants on these components. Participants define
problems related to methods for modeling the Influ-
ence of pollutants on the marine environment, long-
term forecasting and determination of permissible
loads of pollutants, and the unification and Intercallbra-
tlon of methods for determining production of micro-or-
ganisms of ocean bacterloplankton and phytoplank-
ton. Results or laboratory research on the Influence of
pollution on the marine environment are presented.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Marine biology, 'Meetings,
Water pollution, Forecasting, Crude oil, Bacteria,
Mathematical models, Radioactive isotopes, Dose
rate, United States, Radiation effects, Fishes, USSR,
Pesticides, Microorganisms, Biological productivity,
Llght(Vislble radiation), Design, Ocean currents, Life
cycles, Bloassay, Assessments, Blolndlcators, 'Water
pollution effects(Plants), Animal populations, Biologi-
cal effects, Environmental persistence, Ecosystems,
Environmental effects.
PB-285 924/7 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Optimization of Design Specifications for Large
Dry Cooling Systems/Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 78,
PFR Engineering Systems, Inc., Marina del Rey, CA.
Tzvl Rozenman, James M. Fake, and Joseph M.
Pundyk. Jul 78,315p EPA/600/7-78/152
Contract EPA-68-03-2216
The report presents a methodology for optimizing
design specifications of large, mechanical-draft, dry
cooling systems. A multivarlate, nonlinear, constrained
optimization technique searches for the combination
of design variables to determine the cooling system
with the lowest annual cost. Rigorous formulations are
used In calculating heat transfer and fluid flow. All ther-
mal and mechanical design variables of the cooling
system components are analyzed. Thermal variables
Include ambient air temperature, condenser terminal
temperature difference, cooling range, and Initial tem-
perature difference. Module variables are tube length,
number of rows and passes, and fan power. The meth-
odology employs a computer program with major com-
putational blocks written as subroutines. The program
optimizes dry towers with either surface condensers or
direct-contact jet condensers. Results of detailed
parametric and sensitivity analyses are presented. The
relationships of design variables, major components,
site variables, and utility economic (actors to Incre-
mental annual costs are examined for 1000 MWe
fossil fuel plants at five U.S. sites. Results, presented
In both graphs and tables, show that all design varia-
bles affect cooling system cost.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, Optimization, Design,
Methodology, Specifications, Multivarlate analysis,
Cost analysts, Heat transfer, Fluid flow, Electric power
plants, Water pollution abatement, Computer pro-
grams, Mechanical draft cooling towers, Fossil fuel
power plants.
PB-285 927/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Transport Processes In Estuaries: Recommenda-
tions lor Research. Final rept. 1 May-31 Aug 77,
State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook. Marine Sci-
ences Research Center.
B. Kinsman, J. R. Schubel, M. J. Bowman, A. Okubo,
and H. H. Carter. 25 Apr 78,27p SPECIAL REPORT-6,
REF-77-2, EPA/903/9-78/014
Contract EPA-WD-699-1058J
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Boulder, CO. Marine Ecosys-
tems Analysis Program, Energy Research and Devel-
opment Administration, Washington, DC., and Office of
Naval Research, Arlington, VA.
A review of the state of current knowledge of physical
transport processes of water, salt, ana fine grained
suspended sediments in estuaries Is presented. Other
Items discussed were the manpower and material nec-
essary for the field experiments on which the solution
of Important unresolved problems must depend.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Sediment trans-
port, 'Inorganic salts, 'Water flow, 'Estuaries, 'Re-
views, Manpower, Field tests, Mathematical models,
Cost analysis, DensltWMass/volume], Ocean tem-
perature, Wind stress, Turbulent boundary layer, Diffu-
sion, Advectlon, Pressure, Stratification, Ocean
bottom, 'Model studies, Thermal stratification, 'Ocean
circulation, State of the art.
PB-285 936/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trace Element Study at a Primary Copper Smart-
er. Volume I. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, Tx.
Klaus Schwltzgebel, Richard T. Coleman, Robert V.
Collins, Robert M. Mann, and Carol M. Thompson. Mar
78,54p EPA/600/2-78/065A
Contract EPA-68-01 -4136
The report presents the results of a project undertaken
to explore the distribution of trace elements in environ-
mental emissions from a primary copper smelter. The
efforts were concentrated on the reverberatory fur-
nace and the electrostatic preclpltator controlling
emissions from the reverberatory furnace. The follow-
ing major conclusions were reached: (1) the electro-
December 1983 501
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
static precipitator effectively controls all participate
emissions at its design efficiency rating (about 96%) at
the operating gas temperature of 600 degrees F; (2)
appreciable material composed of toxic trace ele-
ments pass through the precipitator in the vapor state
at the ESP operating temperature and condense to
form paniculate upon cooling. Arsenic trioxide was a
major constituent of the emissions passing the ESP
from the reverberatory furnace. The following ele-
ments were examined: Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu,
F, Fe, Hg. Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, V, Zn.
Keywords: 'Smelters, 'Air pollution, 'Trace elements,
Reverberatory furnaces, Electrostatic precipitators,
Particles, Arsenic oxides, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Measurement, Metal in-
dustry, Industrial wastes, Flue gases, 'Copper smelt-
ers, Copper industry.
PB-285 936/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Transporta-
tion. Final rept. for 1976,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael F. Szabo. May 78,165p* EPA/600/7-78/081
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
Work described in this report deals with (1) primary
and secondary environmental impacts resulting from
transportation of coal by slurry pipeline, railroad,
barge, truck, and conveyor; (2) coal preparation and
associated activities, such as loading and unloading,
and (3) energy efficiencies of the transport modes.
Keywords: 'Energy transport, 'Coal, 'Environmental
impacts, Coal preparation, Slurry pipelines, Rail trans-
portation, Pipeline transportation, Barges, Waterway
transportation, Conveyors, Unit trains, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Noise pollution, Cost analysis.
PB-285 937/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demetalllzatlon Catalyst Tests on Heavy Residual
OH*. Final rept. Feb 75-Jan 77,
Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ.
P. Maruhnic. G. Nongbri, William J. Rhodes, V. V.
Manshilin, and Yu K. Vail. Jun 78,86p EPA/600/7-78/
119
Contract EPA-68-02-0293
Prepared in cooperation with All Union Scientific Re-
search Inst. of Oil Refining, Moscow (USSR).
The report gives results of a cooperative project be-
tween the U.S. and the USSR to exchange technology
on the demetallization step of an overall process to
produce low sulfur fuel oil from heavy petroleum resid-
ua. Catalysts and petroleum residua feedstocks were
exchanged and teats were carried out by each nation
using its own equipment and operating procedures.
Test results were exchanged and discussed at meet-
ings in both the USSR and the U.S. In this report, all
tests using U.S. catalysts were described by the U.S.
and all tests using USSR catalysts were described by
the USSR. Each nation described its own test equip-
ment and operating procedures. Included for each
aging test are graphs showing the degree of demetalli-
zation and desulfurlzation and the rate of catalyst de-
activation. Fresh and used catalyst analyses are pre-
sented, along, with detailed run summaries and product
inspections. Each nation's molybdenum-impregnated
catalyst exhibited about equal demetallization capabili-
ty; however, the U.S. catalyst exhibited higher desul-
furization capability during demetallization. Sections of
this report collaborated on and reported jointly include
the summary, introduction, and conclusions. The
project was considered mutually beneficial.
Keywords: 'Residual oils, 'Desulfurization, 'Catalysts,
'Metals, Hydrogenation, Nickel. Vanadium. Molybde-
num, Contaminants, Fuel oil, Fuel oil, Petroleum refin-
ing, Air pollution control, Tables(Data), Feedstocks,
Porosity, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Tests, Demetallization, Air pollution abatement, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-285 938/7 PC A03/MF A01
Miscellaneous Data and Information Collected
During Radiation Surveys at the Former Monu-
ment Uranium Mill Site (1974-1975). Technical
Note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Joseph M. Hans, Jr. Jul 78,49p
The purpose of the surveys was to delineate the
spread and depth of ore and mill tailings in order that
cost estimates could be made for their removal and in-
terim stabilization of the tailings piles. The results of
the surveys were prepared in summary form and very
little data was made available. This report presents the
data and information collected at the former Monu-
ment Uranium Mill site. The data includes gamma radi-
ation background measurements, bore hole logging
data, ground water analysis, gamma surveys, and radi-
onuclide concentrations versus depth in soil. Interpre-
tation of the data is made where possible. It appears,
from bore hole logs, that a substantial amount of urani-
um is still present at the mill site.
Keywords: 'Uranium ores, 'Mining, 'Radiation moni-
tors, "Environmental impacts, Tailings, Boreholes, Soil
analysis, Radioactive contamination, Natural radioac-
tivity, Ground water, Gamma rays, Radium isotopes,
Buildings, Arizona, Monument Uranium Mill Site, Mine
wastes, Radionuclide migration, Decontamination as-
sessment, Navajo Indian Reservation, Water pollution
sampling, Apache County(Arizona).
PB-285 940/3 PC A05/MF A01
Federal Noise Program Series. Volume III. Depart-
ment of Transportation, Federal Highway Admin-
istration: Noise Policy and Related Environmental
Procedures.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Federal Programs Branch.
Jul 78, 85p* EPA/550/9-77/357
See also Volume 1, PB-271 441.
The document discusses the Important features of
FHWA's noise policy and related environmental proce-
dures. It also identifies associated problems with the
policy without attempting to present an 'evaluation.'
No examination of how the policy actually works in the
field was undertaken. The purpose of the report is to
serve as aid to persons concerned with noise abate-
ment and control activities in the Federal Government.
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, 'Noise reduction,
Government policies, Environmental impacts, Land
use, Highway planning, Sound pressure, Acoustic
measurement. Noise pollution abatement.
PB-285 945/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electron Microscope Measurement of Airborne
Asbestos Concentration*. A Provisional Method-
ology Manual. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 77,
I IT Research Inst., Chicago, IL
Anant V. Samudra, and Colin F. Harwood. Aug 77,57p
EPA/600/2-77/178-REV
Contract EPA-68-02-2251
Revision of report dated Aug 77, PB-276 481.
This manual describes a provisional optimum electron
microscope (EM) procedure for measuring the con-
centration of asbestos in air samples. The main fea-
tures of the method include depositing an air sample
on a polycarbonate membrane filter, examining an EM
grid specimen in a transmission electron microscope
(TEM), and verifying fiber identity by selected area
electron diffraction (SAED). This provisional manual
results from a study to develop an optimum EM proce-
dure for airborne asbestos determination. The analyt-
ical data supporting the provisional methodology are
included in a separate final report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Asbestos, 'Electron micros-
copy, Manuals, Sampling, Measurement, Serpentine,
Computer programs. Electron diffraction, Chrysotile,
Air pollution detection.
PB-285 967/6 PC A04/MF A01
Water Resources Council, Washington, DC.
Methods of Assessing Instream Flow* (or Recrea-
tion. Instream flow information paper,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Coopera-
tive Instream Flow Service Group.
Ronald Hyra. Jun 78,52p FWS/OBS-78/34, IFIP-
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. and Bureau of Reclamation,
Washington, DC. Sponsored In part by Water Re-
sources Council, Washington, DC. Library of Congress
Catalog Card no. 78-600071.
This information paper describes two techniques for
performing recreational instream flow studies. The
Single Cross Section Method is discussed briefly. The
majority of the paper deals with the Incremental
Method of assessing instream flows. Stream flow suit-
ability criteria for recreation are presented for both
methods.
Keywords: 'Recreation, 'Stream flow, Rivers, Assess-
ments, Base flow, Mathematical models, Fishing,
Boats, Area, Depth, Velocity measurement, Safety, Ac-
ceptability, Measurement, Sport fishing, Water sports.
PB-285 972/6 PC A25/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Water Supply Research Div.
An Assessment of Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide
Technologies for Treatment of Municipal Water
Supplies. Rept. for 20 Jun 76-20 Nov 77,
Public Technology, Inc., Washington, DC.
G. Wade Miller, Rip G. Rice, C. Michael Robson,
Ronald L. Scullin, and Wolfgang Kuhn. Aug 78, 588p*
EPA/600/2-78/147
Grant EPA-R-804385
This research program and technology transfer effort
was initiated in response to growing national concern
about the generation of toxic and carcinogenic com-
pounds in current U.S. drinking water treatment prac-
tices. The principal focus of this report is a review of
the pertinent international technology of ozonation and
chlorine dioxide usage. Questionnaires were mailed to
water treatment plants in the U.S., Canada, and
Europe, requesting detailed data on use of ozone and/
or chlorine dioxide. The Questionnaires were supple-
mented by a detailed literature survey, a survey of the
principal manufacturers of ozone and CIO2 equipment,
and telephone contact with many water treatment
plants. The project team also conducted on site sur-
veys at 23 treatment plants in Europe, 7 water treat-
ment plants in Canada, and 13 water treatment plants
terns, and for procedures and results of water quality
analysis were emphasized. The organic oxidation
products resulting from chlorine dioxide and ozone ap-
plication are covered in considerable detail. Significant
advances in the technology and engineering of water
supply treatment equipment and systems were identi-
fied by this study and are discussed in detail herein.
The Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) process, re-
cently discovered and tested full scale in Germany, is
also discussed in great detail because of its potential
impact on the present high cost of activated carbon
treatment.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Chlorine oxides, 'Potable water,
'water treatment, Water supply, Assessments, Ques-
tionnaires, Reviews, Toxicity, Manufacturers, Equip-
ment, Chemical removal(Water treatment), Activated
carbon treatment, Oxidation, Industrial plants, Ozoni-
zation, Design, Canada, Europe, United States.
PB-285 980/9 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
of Energy Activities.
The Development of a Regional Air Pollution
Model and Its Application to the Northern Great
Plains. Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Mei-Kao Liu, and Dale R. Durran. Jul 77,297p SAI/
EF77-48, EPA/908/1-77/001
Contract EPA-68-01-3591
This report describes a regional scale air quality diffu-
sion model and Its application to existing and proposed
energy resource development facilities in the Northern
Great Plains region. The objective of the study was to
examine the air quality impacts roughly 100 to 1000 ki-
lometers from the emissions sources. The model
which was developed consists of two interconnected
submodels - a mixing layer model and a surface layer
model. The mixing layer model handles the transport
and diffusion of pollutants well above the surface. The
surface layer model was designed to calculate pollut-
ant fluxes to the ground. Pollutant removal processes
Incorporated in the model Include dry deposition,
chemical transformation, rainout and washout. Con-
centrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfates were estimat-
ed for two development levels-existing and 1985 for
three meteorloglcal scenarios~a strong wind winter
case, a stagnation spring case, and a moderate wind
case.
502 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, *Air pollution,
'Mathematical models, 'Atmospheric models, Semibi-
tuminous coal, Finite difference theory, Difference
equations, Sensitivity, Path of pollutants, 'Northern
Great Plains Region(United States), Regional air pollu-
tion study. Low sulfur coal, Point sources.
PB-285 981/7 PC A08/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
of Energy Activities.
A Study of Horizontal Visibility, Atmospheric Ver-
tical Optical Properties and Solar Isolation at
Stanton, North Dakota. Final rept.,
Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, CO. Denver Div.
Roland L. Hulstrom. Nov 77,175p EPA/908/1-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-3567
Recently, a growing awareness of the possibility of
[nan-made air pollution degrading horizontal visibility
led the Congress of the United States to amend the
Clean Air Act. Part of these new amendments, Sec.
169A.(a)(3)(A), calls for a study and report to Congress
to include recommended methods for identifying, char-
acterizing, determining, quantifying and measuring visi-
bility impairment in Federal pristine areas, such as na-
tional parks. The purpose of the study reported herein
was to establish methods of measuring horizontal visi-
bility, plus methods for measuring the vertical atmos-
pheric optical air quality, and for quantifying the solar
insolation environment. The purpose of this study also
included the actual establishing of the baseline hori-
zontal visibility, vertical optical air quality, and solar in-
solation at Stanton, North Dakota, this site was
chosen because it is located in an area where exten-
sive development of coal reserves is likely to take
Place in the near future. Therefore, establishing the
current baseline conditions is necessary in order to de-
termine the future impairment due to the development
and utilization of the area's coal resources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Visibility, 'Monitors, Solar
radiation, Government policies, Optical measurement,
National parks, Atmospheric attenuation, Humidity,
Meteorological data, Seasonal variations, Instrumen-
tation, Remote sensing. Aerosols, Photography, Irradi-
ance, Correlation, North Dakota, 'Baseline meas-
urements, 'Solar insolation, Atmospheric transmissi-
vity, Air pollution sampling, Stanton(North Dakota).
PB-285 982/5 PC A08/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
energy and Land Use Team.
"ntream Flow Strategies for North Dakota. Rnal
?Pt.,
enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Wayne Nelaon, Gerry Horak, and Joe Solomon. May
78,109pFWS/OBS-78/42
Contract DI-H-16-0008-2121
prepared in cooperation with Enviro Control, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO, See also report dated Feb 77, PB-276
<43.
This is one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
[he most promising institutional methods for reserving
"JMream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
western states. The states included In the study are Ar-
«°na, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
"tan, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
•wee main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
jjwect the most important strategy for any given situa-
Jpn, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
jethod has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
Jwed narrative description of the procedures for imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how It has
"^n employed in the state.
Keywords: 'Stream flow, 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'North
"akota, 'Law(Jurisprudence), Identifying, Evaluation,
™ater rights, State government, Allocations, Licenses,
research projects, Financing, National government,
Jjanagement, Navigation, Reservoirs, Construction,
'"stream flow, 'Western Region(United States), Wild
'"'era, Institutional framework.
PC A12/MF A01
Model
1978. Final
[£•886 993/2 n,«i«/
rJSpMdlngs: Stormwater Management
3«MM) Users Group Meeting, 4-5 May 19
J^wcellaneous reports series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
if'ce of Research and Development.
0. Torno. Jul 78,251 p* EPA/600/9-78/019
This report includes nine papers, on various model-re-
lated topics, delivered at the semi-annual Joint U.S.-
Canadian Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)
Users Group Meeting, held 4-5 May 1978 in Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada. Topics covered include descriptions
of applications of the SWMM and of STORM (Storage,
Treatment Overflow Runoff Model) in planning, design
and infiltration/Inflow analysis, a verification study of
the Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator (ILLUDAS),
presentation of a new continuous receiving water
model which can be linked to SWMM and STORM and
a paper describing combined sewer overflow facilities
planning using a macroscopic model.
Keywords: 'Storms, 'Water quality, 'Runoff, 'Urban
areas, 'Meetings, Water storage, Mathematical
models, Fluid infiltration, Combined sewers, Over-
flows, Design, Canada, Illinois, 'SWMM model, 'Urban
hydrology, Model studies.
PB-286 004/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fine Particle Emissions Information System Ref-
erence Manual. Reference manual Jan-May 78,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
M. P. Schrag. Jun 78,102p EPA/600/8-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2641
See also rept. dated Mar 73, PB-212 231.
The report is a basic reference manual on the Fine
Particle Emissions Information System (FPEIS), a
computerized database on primary fine particle emis-
sions to the atmosphere from stationary point sources.
The FPEIS is a component of the Environmental As-
sessment Data Systems (EADS) which is designed to
aid researchers in environmental assessment and fine
particle control technology development activities. The
FPEIS will contain source test data Including particle
size distributions; chemical, physical, and bioassay
testing results performed on paniculate samples;
design and typical operating data on particulate con-
trol systems applied; process descriptions and the
sources; and descriptions of the sampling equipment
and techniques employed. The FPEIS, a successor to
the MRI Fine Particle Inventory developed in 1971,
report describes in detail the data types contained in
the database. It identifies and discusses the input data
requirements and protocol. A detailed catalog of ana-
lytical procedures available to users is discussed, and
a list of the source types presently contained in the da-
tabase is given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fines, 'Information sys-
tems, 'Manuals, Particles, Particle size distribution,
Assessments, Air pollution control, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Bioassay, Sampling, Design
criteria, Sources, Technology, 'Fine particle emissions
information system, 'Stationary sources, Environmen-
tal Assessment Data Systems, Univac 1110 comput-
PB-286 023/7 PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollution - Follow-Up Report (3rd): Air Pollu-
tion Pilot Study.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Sep 77,49p NATO/CCMS-67
The 3d follow-up report on the 15 Air Pollution Pilot
Study recommendations is to concentrate on the
status of North Atlantic Council, NATO/Committee on
the Challenges of Modern Society Recommendations
1 through 8 in cities with populations over 600,000 In
1977. It also can be compared to responses to the
1975 and 1976 surveys and follow-up reports to evalu-
ate changes in air pollution activities in the past 2
years. The Recommendations include general assess-
ment of air pollution, standard-setting, establishment
of air quality monitoring systems and suitable systems
and suitable systems for retrieval and storage of data,
employment of recognized reference methods for
monitoring and institution of uniform procedures for
conducting emissions inventories.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Monitoring, Trends, Stand-
ards, Atmospheric diffusion, Sites, Tables(Data), Air
quality, NATO furnished.
PB-286 024/5 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Comprehensive Standards: The Power Generation
Case,
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Engineering Div.
Thomas H. Pigford, Michael J. Keaton, Bruce J. Mann,
Peter M. Cukor, and Gladys L. Sessler. Jun 78,337p*
EPA/600/9-78/013
Contract EPA-68-01-0561
See also report dated Mar 75, PB-259 876. Also in-
cludes rept. nos. EEED-105-78, and EEED-106-78.
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, and Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
This study presents an illustrative data base of materi-
al quantities and environmental effluents in the fuel
cycles for alternative technologies of thermally gener-
ated power. The entire fuel cycle for each of the alter-
native ten technologies is outlined for a representative
power plant generating 1000 Mw of electrical power.
The required utilization of material resources and the
fuel-cycle material quantities are indicated on a flow
sheet for each technology. The technologies consid-
ered are: (1) Light Water Nuclear Reactor; |[2)Coal: Ap-
palachian Bituminous and Northwestern Sub-bitumi-
nous; (3) Residual fuel oil; (4) Natural Gas; (5) High
Sulfur Coal, with Coal Gasification and Sulfur Removal;
(6) High Sulfur Coal, with SO2 recovery by Wet-Lime-
stone Scrubbing; (7) Geothermal Steam; (8) Breeder
Fission Reactor; (9) Solar Energy; and (10) Thermonu-
clear Fusion.
Keywords: 'Electric power generation, 'Thermal
power plants, 'Thermoelectric power generation, 'En-
vironmental impacts, Nuclear power plants, Fossil-fuel
power plants, Geothermal power plants, Solar thermal
power plants, Thermonuclear power generation, Ra-
dioactive wastes, Flue gases, Waste neat, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Coal, Natural gas, Residual oils,
Flow charts, Coal-fired power plants, High sulfur coal.
PB-286 034/4 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver CO. Region
VIII.
Uranium Mining and Milling. The Need, the Proc-
esses, the Impacts, the Choices. Administrator's
Qulde. Final rept.,
Western Interstate Energy Board, Denver, CO.
May 78,274p* EPA/908/1-78/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4490
Prepared by Stone and Webster Engineering Corp.,
Denver, CO.
The primary objective of the Guide is to address the
technical, economic, social, and environmental factors
that influence uranium mining and the siting of milling
facilities in the western United States. Although the
Guide is not a regulatory document, the information
should be useful to local, state, and federal administra-
tors, legislators, policy makers, planners, and regula-
tors involved in the review or approval process for ura-
nium projects. The information should also be of Inter-
est to citizens who would be affected by a proposed
project. The Guide also highlights information that is
considered by industry during the planning process.
For example, site-specific aspects of mill tailings man-
agement are receiving increased attention from regu-
lators and Industry, and some earlier tailings disposal
practices are no longer acceptable. A secondary ob-
jective of the Guide is to inform developers of the var-
ious options that may be available when planning ura-
nium development projects. Although the location of
the mine is fixed, there are options available In the
design of the mill, such as alternative sites, process
methods, waste disposal locations and pollution con-
trol techniques.
Keywords: 'Uranium ores, 'Mining, "Environmental
impacts, Management planning, Manuals, Beneficia-
tlon, Comminution, Nuclear fuel cycles, Government
policies, Site surveys, Selection, Licenses, Radioac-
tive contamination, Solid waste disposal, Tailings, Eco-
nomic analysis, Regulations, Land reclamation, Explo-
ration, Leaching, Solution mining,
Preclpitation(Chemistry), Demography, Taxes, Prices,
Pollution control, Communities, Manpower, 'Uranium
Industry, 'Socloeconomics, Mine wastes, Western
Reglon(Unlted States).
December 1983 503
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-266 039-SET PC E20
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Cr«*k
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Ju'l78,2045p-ln5v
Set Includes PB-286 040 thru P8-286 044.
No abstract available.
PB-286 040/1 PC A12/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida,
Summary Document. Draft environmental Impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 78,263p EPA/904/9-78/012
See also Volume 1, PB-286 041.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E20, PB-286 039-
SET.
This Draft EIS concerns the Issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occidental Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant In Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex Is part of a two-phased plan to In-
crease the superphosphorlc acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
The facility will require approximately 50 acres for the
plant and 275 acres each for a gypsum stack and cool-
Ing pond. Potential sources of pollution are air emis-
sions (sulfur dioxide, particulates, and fluorides), proc-
ess water and nonprocess water. Impacts of emis-
sions on air quality and surface and ground water were
examined.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
•Chemical plants, "Florida, Phosphoric acid, Fertiliz-
ers, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Occidental Chemi-
cal Company, Hamilton County(Florlda), 'Phosphoric
acid plants, Phosphate fertilizer Industry.
PB-286 041/9 PC A99/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida. Re-
source Document. Volume I. Draft environmental
Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 78,629p EPA/904/9-78/012-A
See also summary document, PB-286 040 and Volume
2, PB-286 042.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E20, PB-286 039-
Thls Draft EIS concerns the Issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occldentlal Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant In Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex Is part of a two-phased plan to In-
crease the superphosphorlc acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
The contents of this report cover: Summary of existing
facilities; Swift Creek chemical complex proposed
facilities-phase II expansion; Meteorology and clima-
tology; Air quality; Topography; Geology; Soils; and
Hydrology.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - draft,
'Chemical plants, 'Florida, Phosphoric acid, Fertiliz-
ers, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Occidenttal Chemi-
cal Company, Hamilton County(Florlda), 'Phosphoric
acid plants, Phosphate fertilizer Industry.
PB-286 042/7 PC A21/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida. Re-
source Document. Volume II. Draft environmental
Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul 78,490p EPA/904/4-78/012-B
See also Volume 1, PB-286 041 and Volume 3, PB-286
043.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E20, PB-286 039-
SET.
This Draft EIS concerns the Issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occidental Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant in Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex Is part of a two-phased plan to In-
crease the superphosphorlc acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
This volume covers the biology and ecology of the
area. Basic study units for the biological and ecological
characterization include Swift Creek, the upper portion
of the Suwannee River and the land area within five
miles of the proposed chemical complex. Existing
communities are described In terms of their location,
extent, species composition, trophic structure and sue-
cesslonal status. Ecosystem concepts are Introduced
and used where appropriate to describe functional In-
terrelationships between communities and between
the biotlc and physical components of the environ-
ment. Identification of ecosystem interrelationships Is
essential to an assessment of the functional role of
biological communities and to Indicate potential mech-
anisms of impact transmission. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
•Chemical plants, 'Florida, Phosphoric acid, Fertiliz-
ers, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Occidental Chemi-
cal Company, Hamilton County(Florlda), 'Phosphoric
acid plants, Phosphate fertilizer Industry.
PB-286 043/6 PC A10/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida. Re-
source Document Volume III. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 78,218p EPA/904/9-78/012-C
See also Volume 2, PB-286 042 and Volume 4, PB-286
044.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E20, PB-286 039-
This Draft EIS concerns the Issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occidental Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant In Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex Is pert of a two-phased plan to In-
crease the superphosphorlc acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
The contents covered In this volume are: The socio-
economic environment In which Occidental Chemical
Company operates In northern Florida; Radiological;
Cultural resource assessment; and Environmentally
sensitive areas.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
•Chemical plants, 'Florida, Phosphoric acid, Fertiliz-
ers, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Occidental Chemi-
cal Company, Hamilton County(Florlda), 'Phosphoric
acid plants, Phosphate fertilizer Industry.
PB-286 044/3 PC A19/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company, Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida. Re-
source Document. Volume IV. Draft environmental
Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 78,445p EPA/904/9-78/012-D
See also Volume 3, PB-286 043.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E20, PB-286 039-
Thls Draft EIS concerns the issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occidental Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant In Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex Is part of a two-phased plan to In-
crease the superphosphorlc acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
This final volume covers the following topics: Ambient
air quality with the proposed sources; Land and water
resources; Environmental effects of the proposed
chemical complex on biology and ecology; Socloeco-
nomlc effects of proposed new source; Alternatives to
the proposed new source; Process alternatives; Pollu-
tion control measures; Alternative of not constructing a
new source; and, Mltlgatlve measures.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements - draft,
•Chemical plants, 'Florida, Phosphoric acid, Fertiliz-
ers, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Occidental Chemi-
cal Company, Hamilton County(Florlda), 'Phosphoric
acid plants, Phosphate fertilizer Industry.
PB-286 050/0 PC A03/MF A01
NATO CCMS Pilot Study, Dlapoaal of Hazardous
Wastes, Phaee 1. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
1977,37p NATO/CCMS-77
In recognition of the growing Importance of hazardous
waste generation and disposal to environmental pro-
tection and economic development and considering
that International cooperation could contribute effec-
tively to a better understanding of the complex nature
of the problems Involved, the Pilot Study 'Disposal of
Hazardous Wastes' was originally proposed by the
Federal Republic of Germany at the 1973 CCMS Ple-
nary. The proposal was made at a time when numer-
ous environmentally unsound hazardous waste dis-
posal activities were reported In most Industrialized
countries. There was an obvious need to improve the
situation In that area. Governments of nearly all NATO
countries recognized this challenge and responded by
preparing or reviewing legislation and regulations to
control the flow of hazardous wastes into the environ-
ment and to avoid further miamanagement. In this re-
spect the proposed pilot study met special Interest
among NATO allies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'International relations, 'Industrial wastes, Earth
fills, Underground disposal, Classification, Transporta-
tion, Criteria, Leaching, Regulations, Government poli-
cies, Management planning, Land disposal, Salt
mines, Environmental effects, NATO furnished.
PB-286 073/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society.
Advanced Health Care Pilot Study. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 76,77p NATO/CCMS-43
In 1971, the North Atlantic Council approved a pilot
study adopted by the Committee on the Challenges of
Modern Society to Investigate various aspects of ad-
vanced health care In the participating countries. Four
areas of primary Interest were Identified for intensive
study: (1) organized ambulatory health services, led by
the Federal Republic of Germany; (2) systematic as-
sessment of health services led by Canada; (3) auto-
mated clinical laboratories led by UK; and (4) emer-
gency medical services, an outgrowth of the Italian-led
EMS project of the Road Safety Pilot Study, led under
advanced health care by Portugal, Italy, and the United
States.
Keywords: 'Ambulatory health services, 'Emergency
medical services, 'Health care services, Health care
delivery systems, West Germany, Foreign countries,
Canada, Great Britain, Italy, United States, Assess-
ments, Automation, Recommendations, International
relations, Organizational theory, Coordination, Re-
search, 'Clinical laboratories, Health services re-
search.
PB-286 083-SET PC E19
Kepone Mitigation Feasibility Project.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jun78,1928p-ln4v
Set includes PB-286 084 thru PB-286 087.
No abstract available.
PB-286 084/8 PC A14/MF A01
Kepone Mitigation Feasibility Project. Kepone-
Contaminated Hopewell/James River Areas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Martin W. Brossman, Kenneth M. Mackenthun, James
A. Kohler, and Charles R. Terrell. 9 Jun 78,318p EPA/
440/5-78/004
See also Appendix A, PB-286 085.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-286 083-
SET.
The report documents the results of the U.S. EPA
Kepone Mitigation Feasibility Project for the HopewaU
James River Virginia area, describing: the chronologi-
cal development of the Kepone contamination prob-
lem from 1966 to 1978, the nature of Kepone contami-
nation In Hopewell, and the James River; Kepone ef-
fects and impacts; evaluation of methods to mitigate
504 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the problem; and the resultant findings and recom-
mendations. The Appendices to the report document
the efforts of the individual funded participants. The
report findings provide a basis for limiting the impact of
Kepone contamination. Field Sampling and modeling
studies delineate areas requiring special attention.
Analyses of a wide range of research studies on the
biota affected by Kepone provide guidance on both
continuing impacts and promising areas of Investiga-
tion. Engineering, field, and laboratory analyses of
world-wide conventional (dredging) and nonconven-
tional mitigation methods (physical, biological and
chemical) nave established fruitful areas of develop-
ment and eliminated others which are ineffective or
hazardous. The analysis and synthesis of engineering
and biological studies, modeling studies and field in-
vestigations provides a useful reference source to ap-
proach other serious in place toxic pollutant problems
In this country's waterways. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, * Environmental surveys,
' ling, Chlorine organic compounds, James River,
, Sediments, Feasibility, Sewer systems, Water
n, Air pollution, Earth fills, Environmental Im-
pacts, Sampling, Field tests, Transport properties,
Bloaccumulation, Toxicity, * Kepone, Land pollution,
Hopewell(Virginia), Path of pollutants.
PB-288 085/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Kepone Mitigation Feasibility Protect. Appendix A:
The Feasibility of Mitigating Kepone Contamina-
tion In the James River Basin. Final rept. Jun 77-78,
Battelle Memorial Inst., Richland, WA. Pacific North-
west Labs.
Q. W. Dawson. Jun 78, 730p EPA/440/5-78/004A
fee also PB-286 084 and PB-286 086.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-286 083-
Ot I .
This report is Appendix A of the EPA report 'Mississip-
pi Feasibility for the Kepone-contaminated Hopewell/
James River Areas'. The work reported in this appen-
dix was conducted by Battelle Memorial Institute's Pa-
cific Northwest Laboratory for the EPA Kepone Mitiga-
tion Feasibility Project. It discusses the Kepone prob-
|*n, the properties of Kepone, current Kepone distri-
bution In the Hopewell area, the movement of Kepone
"> the James River and some of the ecological effects
2| Kepone. The report provides an ecological profile of
the James River and a limited evaluation of some miti-
Qatlon approaches for the Hopewell area and the
•James River. The report includes much of the field
•ampling data and preliminary reviews of certain mlti-
Wtion techniques, excluding dredging.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys, Feas-
•wy, James River, Ecology, Chemical properties, Air
Pollution, Toxicity, Physical properties. Substitutes,
Manufacturing, Environmental impacts, Sediments,
•*ater pollution, Sewage, Chemical analysis, Sam-
£""9, Soil analysis, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals,
"/ansport properties, Field tests, 'Kepone,
nopewell(Virginia). Path of pollutants, Numerical solu-
lon.
£8-288 086/4 PC A23/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
.
g*Pone Mitigation Feasibility Protect. Appendix B.
UJWedtal Conventional Meesures for Capturing,
HJpWWng or Removing K
5?"«y Creek, Gravelly Run,
•"Wnto. Final rept. Jun 77-78.
Kepone In Bailey Bey,
n, and the James River-
t, Norfolk, VA.
. EPA/440/5-78/004B
f* also PB-286 085 and PB-286 087.
3?o available In set of 4 reports PC E1 9, PB-286 083-
pto report is Appendix B of the EPA report 'Mitigation
feasibility for the Kepone-contaminated Hopewell/
rjf» River Areas'. The work reported in this appendix
7*» conducted by the Norfolk District Corps of Engl-
2*»r» for the EPA Kepone Mitigation Feasibility
r"$>ct. The appendix Includes a description of: (1)
*2*lysi* of world-wide dredging techniques, site sur-
,***. and assessment of the most promising dredging
Jjphnlques for removal of contaminated sediments
2*n specific sites; (2) engineering studies to contain,
TrWfllze or remove Kepone-contaminated sediments
™ Points of Inflow into the James River, together with
an assessment of their effectiveness and potential en-
vironmental impacts; and (3) evaluation of the engi-
neering requirements for removal of Kepone-contami-
nated sediments from the James River and assess-
ment of dredge spoils sites. (Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Pesticides, Cost
analysis, Substitutes, Hydrology, Utilization, Chlorine
organic compounds, Bailey Bay, Bailey Creek, Gravelly
Run, Sites, Dredging, Assessments, James River, Vir-
ginia, Environmental impacts, Sediments, 'Kepone,
Dredge spoil.
PB-286 087/2 PC A15/MF A01
Kepone Mitigation Feasibility Project. Appendix C.
Kepone In tne Marine Environment: Publications
and PrepubllcaHons. Final rept. Jun 77-78.
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Jun 78, 350p EPA/440/5-78/004C
See also PB-286 086.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-286 083-
SET.
This report is Appendix C of the EPA report 'Mitigation
Feasibility for the Kepone Contaminated Hopewell/
James River Areas'. The work reported In this appen-
dix was conducted by the U.S. EPA Gulf Breeze Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory and the Virginia Insti-
tute of Marine Science for the EPA Kepone Mitigation
Feasibility Project. The twenty-two experiments con-
ducted included Kepone chronic and acute toxicitles
for a variety of marine animals and plants, biological
uptake by organisms and transfer of Kepone through
food chains. Also covered are Kepone effects on mi-
croorganisms and the role of sediments in the storage,
movement and transfer of Kepone in estuarine envi-
ronments. (Portions of this document are not fully leg-
ible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, Chlorine organic
compounds, Marine atmospheres, Water pollution.
Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Food chains, Microor-
ganisms, Sediments, Transport properties, James
River, Virginia, Feasibility, Estuaries, Bloaccumulation,
Bioassay, 'Kepone, Path of pollutants.
PB-286 095/5 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparative Cost Analyst* and Environmental
Assessment for Disposal of Organochlorlne
Waste*. Final task rept. May-Jun 78,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. C. Shih, J. E. Cotter, D. Dean, S. F. Paige, and E. P.
Pulaski. Aug 78,140p EPA/600/2-78/190
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
This report compares the costs and environmental Im-
pacts associated with the disposal of liquid organoch-
lorine wastes by land-based incineration, at-sea incin-
eration, and chlorolysls at a Houston, Texas location.
All three methods are viable options for the disposal of
these wastes. At typical unit disposal costs of $80 to
$91 per metric ton, at-sea incineration Is the least
costly option. Comparable costs are $181 to $212 per
metric ton at a centralized land-based incinerator, and
$134 to $158 per metric ton by the Hoechst-Uhde
chlorolysls process If suitable feedstocks are availa-
ble. Environmentally, maximum ground level concen-
trations of inorganic chlorine and Organochlorlne spe-
cies and partlculates emitted from land-based Inciner-
ators and chlorolysls are all several orders of magni-
tude lower than their respective Threshold Limit
Values (TLVs) or are within air quality standards. The
only wastewater problem identified for both disposal
processes is discharges with high total dissolved
solids. For at-sea incineration, the maximum sea level
concentration of hydrogen chloride Is 4.4 mg/cu m and
below Its TLV of 1 mg/cu m. The maximum sea level
concentration of unburned wastes Is several orders of
magnitude lower than the TLV of most Organochlorlne
compounds. Water quality Is not measurably Impacted
by at-sea incineration.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, 'Environmental Impacts, 'Cost analysis,
Incinerators, Chlortnation, Industrial wastes. Water
pollution, Air pollution, Chlorohydrocarbons, Combus-
tion products, Hydrogen chloride, Carbon tetrechlo-
rlde, Wlnd(Meteorokxiy), Trace elements, Computer-
ized simulation, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Hazardous materials, Liquid waste disposal, Chemical
decomposition, Vulcanus vessel, Shipboard.
PB-286 116/9 PC A02/MF A01
Inland Water Pollution Follow-Up Report.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 78,18p NATO/CCMS-79
NATO furnished. See also report dated Oct 74, PB-250
406.
In October 1974 the pilot study of the NATO/CCMS
was completed with the publication of 'Inland Water
Pollution', NATO/CCMS Report 36. Canada was the
pilot country for the study and Belgium, France and the
United States acted as co-pilots. The study had two
main goals: (1) to demonstrate ways in which countries
can cooperate in reducing water pollution to their
mutual benefit, and (2) to develop improved tech-
niques and concepts for water quality management
that would be of broad Interest to member countries In
dealing with internal and International problems of
freshwater pollution. To assess the study effective-
ness, this post-evaluation was carried out. This report
represents the results of a member country poll, cen-
tered around the original study recommendations, re-
garding measures which countries have taken to
manage the quality of their inland waters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Foreign countries, Water
quality management, Reduction, Research projects,
Monitoring, International relations, Assessments,
Fresh water, Standards, Objectives, NATO.
PB-288 118/5 PCA04/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Reclamation of a Landfill with Digested Sewage
Sludge. Final rept.,
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, IL
Raymond R. Rimkus, Robert 0. Carlson, and Donald
B. Wunderlich. Aug78,62p EPA/600/2-78/120
Grant EPA-11010-DPW
The Calumet land reclamation project developed
design criteria for applying liquid fertilizer (sludge) to
land and demonstrated the beneficial and economic
use of it in raising crops. The scope of the project In-
cluded developing a pipeline system to transport liquid
fertilizer to the application site, determining yields, ana-
lyzing plant tissue of the crops grown, observing the
soil changes effected by the liquid fertilizer application,
and monitoring the ground and surface water of the
application site. The pipeline was built and transported
liquid fertilizer from the lagoons to the application site.
The application of liquid fertilizer increased the yields
of wheat and corn, Increased the concentration of
plant nutrients in the plant tissue, and effected organic
Improvements in the soil. Analysis of the leachate from
the piezometers showed that groundwater constitu-
ents fluctuated, partly because surface water seeped
through the perforations In the piezometers at the soil
surface. This pollution did not reach the groundwater
aquifer sampled from a deep well constructed of solid
wall pipe.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage sludge, 'Land
reclamation, Soil fertility, Water pollution, Plant growth,
Pipeline transportation, Solid waste disposal, Nutri-
ents, Wheat, Corn, Sampling, Sanitary landfills, Piezo-
meters, Leaching, Design criteria, Cost benefit analy-
sis, Illinois, Land disposal. Water pollution sampling.
Calumet County(llllnols).
PB-286 125/0
PC A02/MF A01
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadel-
phia, PA. Committee D-19 on Water.
Introduction to a Discussion of the Use of Aquatic
Toxicity Test* for Evaluation of the Effects of
Toxic Substances. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
W. A. Brungs, and D. I. Mount. 1978,16p EPA/600/J-
78/038
Pub. In Jnl. of American Society for Testing and Materi-
als, Philadelphia, PA., Ch. 2 Toxlcologloal Effects'
p15-26,1978.
A variety of classes of aquatic toxtctty tests are pre-
sented and discussed in relation to their ability to pro-
vide useful estimates of the environmental effect* of
chemicals or discharges. These classes of tests can
be judged and compared numerically by several stand-
December 1983 605
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
arete: ability to permit extrapolation to meaningful
effect; ease and cost of conducting tests; applicability
to response to a wide variety of chemicals; availability
of documented detailed procedures; ecological impor-
tance and persistence of effect; and scientific and
legal defensibility of the procedure. No single class of
tests can be expected to be clearly superior to all
others, indicating the need for a variety of testing at
successive tiers of intensity of study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, Aquat-
ic biology, Estimating, Tests, Standards, Experimental
data, Water quality, Extrapolation, Cost, Responses,
Procedures, Fishes, Bioassay, Evaluation, Ecology,
Residues, Reprints, "Toxic substances, *Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Environmental effects, Environ-
mental persistence, Developing country application.
PB-286 141/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
Analysis of Organic Air Pollutants In the Kanawha
Valley, WV and the Shenandoah Valley, VA. Final
rept. 10 Aug-9 Dec 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mitchell D. Erickson, and Edo D. Pellizzari. Jun 78,
192p RTI/1401 /00-01F, EPA/903/9-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2543
Recently developed techniques for sampling and anal-
ysis of ambient air by GC/MS/COMP were applied to
the Kanawha Valley, WV and Shenandoah Valley, VA
to assess the levels of organic pollutants. Volatile and
very volatile compounds were concentrated on Tenax
GC and carbon sorbent cartridges, respectively, then
thermally desorbed directly into the capillary column
GC/MS/COMP system for analysis. Semivolatiles
were collected on the electrostatic precipitator plates
of a Massive Air Sampler, extracted, fractionated, and
then analyzed by GC/MS/COMP. The Kanawha
Valley contained a broad range of halogenated,
ketone, aldehyde, ester, aromatic, aliphatic and polyn-
uclear aromatic compounds. The Shenandoah Valley
contained a narrower range of organics, but generally
higher observed levels of the compounds quanitated.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds, West
Virginia, Virginia, Kanawha Valley, Shenandoah Valley,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Particles, Sampling, * Air pollution detection.
PB-286 143/3 PC A05/MF A01
A Survey of the Farallon Islands 500-Fathom Ra-
dioactive Waste Disposal Site, Operations Report.
Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Robert S. Dyer. Dec 75,88p ORP-75-1
Contract EPA-68-01-0796
See also report dated Feb 75, PB-241 300.
This report presents the operational chronology and
representative photographic data, including benthic
color plates, from an oceanographic investigation near
the Farallon Islands, off the California coast. The pur-
pose of this operation was to determine the feasibility
of using a submersible to locate and investigate a site
used in the early 1950's for disposal of radioactive
wastes and determine the conditions of the containers,
primarily 55-gallon drums. The operation employed the
U.S Navy's Cable-Controlled Underwater Recovery
Vehicle (CURV III). (Color illustrations reproduced in
black and white)
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Radioactive wastes,
North Pacific Ocean, Farallon Islands, Site surveys,
Radiation hazards, Underwater vehicles, Underwater
photography, Depth, Containers, Feasibility, Inspec-
tion, Ocean waste disposal, CURV 3 vehicle, Oceano-
graphic equipment.
PB-286 145/8 PC A06/MF A01
Aircraft Emissions at Selected Airports, 1972-
1885. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
James M. Deiman. Jan 77,123p AC-77-01
This report presents airport vicinity aircraft emissions
data for HC, CO and NOx at selected commercial and
general aviation airports. The data represents an up-
dating of calculated aircraft emissions for recent years
and estimates of future aircraft emissions. Operations
by individual aircraft models are scrutinized in detail.
Breakdowns of operations by air carriers, air taxis, gen-
eral aviation and auxiliary power units are included and
the emissions from each are summed to provide esti-
mates of total pollutants dispersed. Despite a general
trend toward more operations, the total emissions at
the commercial airports decrease as a result of a
changing fleet mix with more modern engines and the
advent of promulgated and proposed regulatory stand-
ards. With increased operations at general aviation air-
ports, emissions will continue to increase without the
imposition of regulatory standards because uncon-
trolled modern engines emit substantially the same
pollutants as older piston engine designs.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Aircraft engines, 'Air pollution,
Exhaust emission, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Commercial aircraft, General aviation
aircraft, Predictions, Air pollution control, 'Aircraft ex-
haust, Fleet mixes, Auxiliary power units.
PB-286 155/7 PC A11/MF A01
Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Back-
ground Information for Proposed NOx Emission
Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 78,226p* EPA/450/2-78/005A
Revised Standards of Performance for the control of
emissions of nitrogen oxides from electric utility power
plants are being proposed under the authority of sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply only to electric utility steam generating units ca-
pable of combusting more than 73 MW heat Input (250
million Btu) of fossil fuel and for which construction or
modification began on or after the date or proposal of
the regulations. This document contains background
information, environmental and economic impact as-
sessments, and the rationale for the standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Electric power plants, Standards, Regulations, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Economic impacts, Assessments,
'Standards of performance, Stationary sources, Clean
Air Act.
PB-286 156/5 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Charleston, South Carolina Air Quality Mainte-
nance Planning and Analysis Annex: Analysis of
Industrial Process Fugitive Emissions,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Glenn T. Reed. 13 Jun 78,14p EPA/904/9-78/010
Contract EPA-68-02-1380
In a report published earlier, the results of air quality
dispersion modeling for Charleston, South Carolina
were presented. To improve these results, additional
modeling was done using data for industrial process
fugitive paniculate emissions. Including these emis-
sion estimates was shown to significantly improve the
modeling results. Sensitivity analysis of the emissions
estimates was used to obtain a probable range of
emissions estimates. The Air Quality Display Model
(AQDM) was the model used.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Mathematical models, Mainte-
nance, Management planning, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Particles, South Carolina,
*Charleston(South Carolina), 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air
quality display model, Sensitivity analysis.
PB-286 157/3 PC A05/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exist-
ing Stationary Sources. Volume VI. Surface Coat-
Ing of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Vera Gallagher, and John Pratapas. Jun 78,81 p*
EPA/450/2-78/015, QAQPS-1.2-101
See also Volume 1, PB-260 366.
This document provides the necessary guidance for
development of regulations to limit emissions of vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC) from the coating oper-
ations of miscellaneous metal parts and products, this
guidance includes emission limits which represent
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) for
the miscellaneous metal part and product industries,
describes the industries, shows the methods by which
VOC emissions can be reduced in these industries,
and describes the monitoring and enforcement as-
pects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic solvents,
'Vapors, 'Coating processes, Containers, Metal prod-
ucts, Spray coating, Electrodeposition, Powder, Cost
analysis, Monitoring, Carbon, Incinerators,
Absorbers(Materials), Capitalized costs, Primers,
Alkyd resins, Epoxy resins, Fluid flow, Dip coating,
Tables(Data), Monitoring, Regulations, Government
policies, 'Metal finishing industry, Stationary sources,
Air pollution detection.
PB-286 158/1 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from
Petroleum Refinery Equipment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
K. C. Hustvedt, R. A. Quaney, and W. E. Kelly. Jun 78,
72p EPA/450/2-78/036, OAQPS-1.2-111
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from petroleum refinery
equipment leaks. Equipment considered includes
pump seals, compressor seals, seal oil degassing
vents, pipeline valves, flanges and other connections,
pressure relief devices, process drains, and open
ended pipes. Reasonably available control technology
(RACT) tor these sources consists of a routine moni-
toring schedule to locate leaks so that maintenance
can be performed as possible and emissions of VOC
to atmosphere reduced. An example cost analysis for
implementing these controls in a model refinery is pre-
sented along with a methodology for evaluating the
cost effectiveness of these controls when updated
emission factors become available.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Petroleum products, 'Organic
compounds, *Air pollution control, 'Regulations,
Equipment, Leaks, Cost analysis, Monitoring, Sources,
'Fugitive emissions, Emission factors.
PB-286 159/9 PC A06/MF A01
Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Back-
ground Information for Proposed SO2 Emission
Standards. Supplement rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 78,107p* EPA/450/2-78/007A-1
Revised Standards of Performance for the control of
sulfur dioxide emissions from electric utility power
plants are being proposed under the authority of sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply only to electric utility steam generating units ca-
pable of combusting more than 73 MW heat input (250
million Btu) of fossiffuel and for which construction or
modification began on or after the date of proposal of
the regulations. This document contains background
information, environmental and economic impact as-
sessments, and the rationale for the standards, as pro-
posed under 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart Da.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Electric power plants. Standards, Regulations, Eco-
nomic impact, Cost analysis, Mathematical models,
Substitutes, Clean Air Act, 'Air pollution standards.
PB-286 160/7 PC A06/MF A01
The Role of Environmental Considerations In the
Decision-Making Process. Proceedings of the
CCMS Round Table Discussions Held In Dussel-
dorf on 8th-9th February 1977. Le Role des Fac-
teurs de I'Envlronnement Dans les Processus de
Prise de Decision. (Compte Rendu des Debate de
la Table Ronde du CDSM Organises du 8 au 8 Fev-
rler 1977 a Dusseldorf).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Jan 78,124p NATO/CCMS-72
NATO furnished. Text in English and French.
The object of the CCMS round table was to discuss en-
vironmental considerations as an integral part of the
decision-making process, or more precisely to consid-
er the mechanisms used by member countries to iden-
tify and measure beforehand the impacts of proposed
developments so as to reduce undesirable environ-
mental and social consequences. Environmental
policy may consist of establishing standards aimed at
reducing the hazard to a minimum or in fixing more
506 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
flexible environmental quality goals entailing variable
application of the most appropriate techniques as, for
example, in the United States, the United Kingdom or
Canada. The differences in approach and policy are
due more to the character of each culture, to history
and to institutions than to any basic variance regarding
we measure required to protect man and his environ-
"Wnt. Finally, the statements demonstrated how im-
Pprtant and necessary It was to increase dissemination
of Information to ensure greater public participation
°oth in collective decision-making and in acceptance
of 'he development hazards. The system introduced in
Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States re-
jects the one of continuing democratic dialogue.
prance and Germany, for their part, are finalizing the
legislative and administrative bases for environmental
impact assessments with respect to major public proj-
ects - studies which provide lor very broad public par-
ticipation in decision-making. At the same time, other
countries are continuing to seek ways and means of
associating public opinion more closely with decisions
affecting the future and survival of our societies.
keywords: 'Environmental Impacts, "Meetings, 'Deci-
«on making, Citizen participation, Governments, Com-
munities, Natural resources, Conservation, Coordina-
tion, Europe, Social effect, Pollution, Inland water-
Ways, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, North
America, Planning, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Oceans, NATO furnished, 'Environmental protection,
environmental issues.
£8-286 170/6 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Pollutant Control Techniques for Phosphate
Hock Processing Industry. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
David M. Augenstein. Jun 78, 225p* EPA/450/3-78/
030,,OAQPS-1.2-113
Contract EPA-68-91 -41 47
This document provides information needed by state
and local pollution control agencies for development
?* regulations tor control of paniculate emissions from
Phosphate rock processing plants. Information on
process and particulate emission control equipment is
Deluded for phosphate rock dryers, calciners, grind-
ers, and ground rock handling equipment. Cost and
economic Information is given for both new and retro-
"«ed facilities, and environmental impacts are present-
ed for different levels of emission control. Results of
emission measurements performed by EPA at phos-
Phate rock dryers, calciners, and grinders are tabulat-
JJl and presented with brief descriptions of the facili-
"fs tested. EPA particulate emission test methods are
™*o briefly described. Information presented In the
Document is summed up in an objective discussion of
regulatory options and enforcement aspects of poten-
Wregulations.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, Phosphate deposits,
"JOustrial wastes, Particles, Cost analysis, Envlron-
[Jental impacts, Fertilizers, Beneficiation, Roasting,
«nnding(Comminution), Scrubbers, Electrostatic pre-
"Pltators, 'Phosphate industry, Phosphate fertilizer in-
au«try, Retrofitting, Fabric filters.
172/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Jffk, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
yt Quality Assessment of Particulate Emissions
2?n»l Diesel-Powered Vehicles. Final rept.,
!;cDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
' errence Brlggs, Jim Throgmorton, and Mark Karaffa.
Jjar78, 157p EPA/450/3-78/038
G°ntractEPA-68-92-2515
JJ» report presents estimates of the impact projected
wesel-powered vehicle sales will have on the levels of
{Owl suspended particulates (TSP) and
|*>nzo(a)pyrene (BaP) to which the population is ex-
{Jrped. A detailed particulate emission inventory Is de-
veloped for a representative test city (Kansas City,
2J°) for a base year (1974). Emissions and population
exposure to TSP & BaP are projected for 1981, 1983,
i™5, and 1990. Emissions from all sources except
Sesel are assumed to remain constant in order that
^etull impact of diesels can be seen and because In-
£"nclent time was available to vary the model. An ab-
^eviated discussion of possible health effects attribut-
rPe to organic emissions from dlesel powered vehi-
"*• is included.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Motor vehicles, Motor trucks, Automobiles,
Forecasting, Trends, Exposure, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Particles, Sulfates, Public health, As-
sessments, Concentration(Composltion), Missouri,
Automobile exhaust, Diesel engine exhaust, Heavy
duty vehicles, Light duty vehicles, Benzopyrenes, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Kansas Clty(Mis3ouri).
PB-286 173/0 PC A02/MF A01
Bicycle Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Jun 78,20p EPA/400/9-78/008
EPA, the Department of Transportation (DOT) and
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) are all seek-
ing to Integrate the transportation/air quality planning
and implementation required by the Clean Air Act Into
existing planning and programming procedures. Now
is the time for bicycle activists, bicycle planners, trans-
portation planners, and transportation engineers, to
get bicycle programs into the planning process. One of
the major plans is the three C's plan, The Continuing,
Comprehensive transportation planning process car-
ried on Cooperatively by states and local communities.
Administered by DOT the three C's process includes
the Unified Work Program, Transportation Plan which
includes Transportation System Management (TSM)
and the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
and its annual elements. The report presents a prelimi-
nary list of elements to be Included in a comprehensive
bicycle plan and some alternative approaches. Includ-
ed is a listing of cognizant personnel responsible for
coordinating strategies for reducing pollution by use of
bicycles.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Bicycles, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Transportation management, Traffic
control, Land use, Parking facilities, Safety engineer-
ing, 'Blkeways, 'Bicycle lanes, Blkeway planning,
Transportation planning.
PB-286 174/8 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Land Application of Wastewater Under High Alti-
tude Conditions. Final rept. 1975-78,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
John Borrelll, Robert D. Burman, Ronald H. Delaney,
Joseph L Moyer, and Hugh W. Hough. Jul 78,107p
EPA/600/2-78/139
Grant EPA-R-803571
The objectives of this study were to monitor and evalu-
ate the nutrient, crop, and hydrologic parameters af-
fecting the Thayne, Wyoming, wastewater treatment
system. Cheeseplant wastewater and municipal
sewage were mixed, pretreated, and applied to a 15
hectare sprayfield on a year-round basis. An Ice pack
formed during November or December, depending on
weather conditions, and lasted through the middle of
April. Samples of groundwater and water from adja-
cent springs have shown that after three consecutive
years (1975-77) of spraying wastewater on the field
and with a build-up of the Ice pack each winter, no sig-
nificant amounts of pollutants have reached the
groundwater. Organic nitrogen was oxidized as it trav-
eled through the Ice pack and upper part of the soil
mantle during the winter. Reduction of BODS, COD,
and nitrogen forms to migrate in the ice pack was ob-
served, clearly showing the concentration of these pa-
rameters at the surface and bottom of the Ice pack.
Garrison creeping foxtail appeared to be most adapted
to the sprayfield of those species tested. Reed canary-
grass, smooth bromegrass, and western wheatgrass
were also able to survive the harsh environment of the
sprayfield. The forages studied could, at specific
stages of growth, contain sufficient NO3-N to be toxic
to livestock.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Sewage, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Waste water, Monitoring, Nutrients, Crops,
Hydrology, Wyoming, Management planning, Ground
water, Sites, Soil analysis,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Nitrogen, Biochemical
oxygen demand, 'Land disposal, Thayne(Wyom!ng),
High altitude, Land management, Water quality data,
Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-286 179/7 PC A02/MF A01
Factors Influencing the Volatilization of Mercury
from Soil. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Robert D. Rogers, and James C. McFarlane. May 78,
20p EPA/600/3-78/054
Mercury volatilization from soils amended to 1 ppm
mercury with mercuric nitrate ceased within 1 week
after application. During the first week, 20% of the ap-
plied mercury was lost from a silty clay-loam soil and
43% was lost from a loamy sand soil, volatilization of
Hg from the loamy sand soil resulted in a concurrent
decrease In ammonium nitrate-extractable mercury.
Other work with sterile soil indicates that the volatiliza-
tion was mediated by microorganisms.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Soils, 'Vaporizing, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Laboratory equipment, Mercury In-
organic compounds, Air pollution, Path of pollutants,
Mercury nitrates.
PB-286 180/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Data Base System for State Water Quality Man-
agement Information System. Final rept.,
Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Resources, Har-
risburg. Bureau of Water Quality Management.
John Kitch. May 78,33p EPA/600/5-78/007
Grant EPA-S-801000
This report describes the WAMIS Release II Data Base
Management System as developed by the above per-
forming organization. It includes system design, devel-
opment procedures, development procedures, over-
view of data and a discussion of problems and recom-
mendations. The appendixes contain the system
detail.
Keywords: 'Information systems, *States(Unlted
States), 'Water pollution, Design, Recommendations,
Management, Documentation, Data acquisition, Infor-
mation retrieval, Describing, Specifications, WAMIS re-
lease 2 information system, 'Data base management
systems, WAMIS system.
PB-286 190/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Petro-
leum Liquid Storage,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
P. R. Peterson, P. S. Bakshi, A. Kokln, and L. Norton.
Mar 78,138p EPA/450/3-78/012
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
This study provides an estimate of 1976 nationwide
hydrocarbon emissions from storage of petroleum liq-
uids In existing tanks with a capacity greater than
150,000 liters. Numbers and types of existing tanks
were determined to estimate these emissions by geo-
graphical location, industry sector, and volatility class
of the stored products. Projections of emissions are
made for 1980 and 1985 assuming only newly con-
structed tanks meet the requirements of the New
Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for the storage
of petroleum liquids and then assuming existing fixed
roof tanks storing products with a volatility greater than
10.5 kPa are retrofitted with Internal floating covers.
Other options such as the use of vapor recovery sys-
tems for fixed roof tanks and double seals on external
floating roof tanks were considered beyond the scope
of the study. A nationwide estimate of 1976 emissions
by petroleum liquid type stored is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Petroleum
products, 'Oil storage, Inventories, Storage tanks,
Substitutes. Cost analysis, Numerical analysis, Meth-
odology, Standards, 'Fugitive emissions, New Source
Performance Standard.
PB-286 196/1 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Population Studies Drv.
Biological Indicator of Summatlonal Exposures to
Lead. Tooth Lead In Children Living In Cleveland
•nd Its Suburbs.
Ohio Mental Health and Mental Retardation Research
Center, Columbus. Lab. of Cytology.
December 1983 507
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Margaret A. Kelsall, and Ruth E. Hunter. Aug 78,173p
EPA/600/1-78/053
Grant EPA-R-804632
An epldemlologic study of the distribution of lead ab-
sorption In the Cleveland Metropolitan Area was car-
ried out by analyzing the lead content of shed or ex-
tracted deciduous Teeth of 11,241 children. Mean
amounts of lead In teeth of children living in some sub-
urbs wt,e as high as those for children living within the
city of Cleveland. Levels of lead in teeth declined with
Increasing age at tooth loss. Efforts were made to
relate tooth lead levels to various environmental
sources of lead. Also teacher evaluations of children's
school performance and behavior were assessed in
regard to tooth lead level and environmental exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology,
Absorption(Biology), Ohio, Children, Distribution, Epi-
demiology, Teeth, Recommendations, Tables(Data),
Schools, Urban areas, Suburban areas, Age, Perform-
ance evaluation, Human behavior, Exposure, Meas-
urement, Demography, Neurology. Environmental ef-
fects, 'Bloindlcators, *Cleveland(Ohio), Heavy metals,
Btoaccurhulatlon.
PB-286 198/7 PC A1B/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
A Systems Approach to Ecological Baseline Stud-
IM>
Ecology Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
James B. States, Peter T. Haug, Thomas G.
Shoemaker, Lanny W. Reed, and Edward B. Reed.
Mar 78,411p* FWS/OBS-78/21
Contract DM 4-16-0008-2119
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-600032. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry.
The handbook describes a systematic approach to
planning and conducting a 'holistic' study of selected
ecosystem components and functions, which are sig-
nificant with regard to energy development projects in
the Western United States. Techniques of ecological
systems analysis are described, and the manuaf ex-
plains how to build a conceptual ecosystem model and
use K to plan a baseline study. A glossary of key terms
and an annotated bibliography are Included.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Environmental surveys, Assess-
ments, Systems analysis, Surveys, Inventories, Man-
uals, Decision making, Goals, Objectives, Information,
Requirements, 'Ecosystems, 'Baseline meas-
urements, Environmental Impact assessments, West-
em Regk>n(Untted States).
PB-286 199/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exist-
ing Stationary Sources. Volume VII: Factory Sur-
face Coating of Flat Wood Paneling. Guideline
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
Jun 78,66p EPA/460/2-78/032,, OAQPS-1.2-112
See also volume 1, PB-260 386.
This document provides guidance for development of
regulations to limit emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds from the factory surface coating of flat wood
panels. This guidance Includes emission limits for
three categories of panels which represents Reason-
ably Available Control Technology (RACT) for these
operationns. The Industry Is described, methods for re-
ducing organic emissions are reviewed, and monitor-
Ing and enforcement aspects are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coating processes,
•Industrial wastes, 'Wood products, Panels, Organic
compounds, Vapors, Stationary sources, 'Flat wood
Industry.
PB-286 201/9
PC A06/MF A01
An Approach for the Preliminary Assessment of
TOP Concentrations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Thomas G. Pace. Jut 78,78p EPA/450/2-78/016
508 Vol. 83, No. 26
Air quality data for Total Suspended Paniculate (TSP)
in 13 U.S. urban areas was examined. The data from
142 monitoring sites were grouped so that residential
and commercial sites in non- or light-industrial urban
areas could be examined. A relationship between
height and concentration was noted at the sites with
nearby ground-level activity due to traffic, parking, etc.,
such that the concentration decreased exponentially
with increasing height of the monitor above ground. No
such relationship was found at sites with no ground-
level activity. Commercial and industrial sites were
found to be near ground-level activity in 90 percent of
the cases examined while residential sites were virtual-
ly never located near such activity. The entire data
base was then examined using a multiple regression
procedure to estimate the relative impacts of non-in-
dustrial, general industrial, and steel mill influences on
TSP levels. Non-industrial influences were found to ac-
count for over half of the total concentration estimate
In all cases. Several potential applications of the linear
regression technique are suggested. It can be used as
a screening technique for examining TSP data to iden-
tify sites with unusual concentrations or to provide a
preliminary estimate ol sources of TSP. It can be used
to interpret the variations in TSP data by estimating
siting effects and it can help to identify the causes of
discrepancies between predictions obtained with dis-
persion models and observations.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Urban areas, Monitoring, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Assess-
ments, Linear regression, Numerical analysis,
Sources, Statistical analysis, Land use, Tables(Data),
Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfur oxides, 'Air
quality data, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Total suspended
particulates.
PB-286 204/3 PC A04/MF A01
United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi
(Kenya).
Water Quality Monitoring: Philippines, Republic of
Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Australia,
Guam. Assignment rept. 15 Sep-28 Nov 77,
World Health Organization, Manila (Philippines). Re-
gional Office for the Western Pacific.
Robert L Fox, Jr. 24 Feb 78,52p
Sponsored in part by United Nations Environment Pro-
gramme, Nairobi (Kenya).
The purpose of this project was to establish the basic
groundwork for country participation in a global fresh
water monitoring project sponsored by UNEP/
UNESCO/WHO/WMO. The project complements the
existing global air quality monitoring project in provid-
ing an earth watch network under the Global Environ-
mental Monitoring System (GEMS). Visits were made
to seven participating countries during the period 15
September to 28 November 1977 to: (a) Provide
expert advice by reviewing present water quality moni-
toring programs in selected member countries; (b)
assist in establishing programs in conformity with the
GEMS project, covering the following elements: (1)
Site selection, water quality sampling and hydrological
guaglng, (2) parameters for monitoring, (3) analytical
methods, Including laboratory quality assurance, (4)
water quality data handling systems; (c) assist in pre-
paring national cooperative project structures, based
on the above.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, Water quality
management, Fresh water, International relations, Site
selection, Water analysis, Research projects, Sam-
pling, Recommendations, Philippines, South Korea,
Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Australia, Guam, Net-
works, Global Environmental Monitoring System,
Global, Cooperatives, Earth watch.
PB-286 205/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
A Demonstration of Areawlde Water Resources
Planning. Users Manual. Final rept,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
C. S. Sponner, J. Promise, and P. H. Graham. Apr 78,
207p EPA/600/5-78/006B
Contract EPA-68-01-3704
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-280 750.
This report documents a demonstration of areawlde
water resources planning by the Metropolitan Wash-
ington, DC. Council of Governments (MWCOG). The
MWCOG Framework Water Resources Planning
Model is a comprehensive analytical tool for use In
areawide water resources management planning. The
physical simulation portion was formed by linking com-
ponent computer models which test alternative future
community development patterns by small area, esti-
mate water demands by usage categories, calculate
sewage flows based on water demands and add infil-
tration/inflow simulate stormwater runoff, test applica-
tion of alternative waste treatment management sys-
tems, and simulate the quality response of the region's
major water body. The Users Manual describes the
function and operation of each component model, al-
ternative models that could have been used, and ele-
ments of post computational analyses described. The
Users Manual is intended to be used in conjunction
with other references which are cited.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Water quality manage-
ment, Manuals, Project planning, Mathematical
models, Estuaries, Allocations, Economic Impact, Fluid
infiltration, Land use, Runoff, Fortran, Environmental
impacts, Social effect, Sewage treatment, Systems
analysis, Computerized simulation, Computer pro-
gramming, Metropolitan areas, District of Columbia,
Maryland, Virginia, Storm water runoff, Water demand.
PB-286 208/4 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Combustion Research on the Fate of Fuel-Nitro-
gen Under Conditions of Pulverized Coal Com-
bustion. Final task rept.,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
J. M. Levy, J. H. Pohl, A. F. Sarofim, and Y. H. Song.
Aug 78,187p EPA/600/7-78/165
Grant EPA-R-803242
The report gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion of coal pyrolysis and oxidation, and char oxidation
to determine the effects of temperature and fuel/
oxygen equivalence ratio on the conversion of coal-ni-
trogen to NOx. Experiments involved a laboratory lam-
inar flow furnace under conditions representing pulver-
ized coal combustors; i.e., heating rates of 1000 to 1
million K/sec, temperatures of 1000 to 2100 K, and
residence times of 2 to 1000 milliseconds. The devola-
tilization experiments showed that no nitrogen loss oc-
curred until 10 to 15% of the coal had been devolati-
lized, consistent with the hypothesis that coal-nitrogen
is contained mostly In heterocyclic rings. Nitrogen was
completely removed from the char by prolonged heat;
ing at above 1750 K, implying that nitrogen does not
form condensed stable structures at pulverized flame
temperatures, as does carbon. After initial fracture,
loss of nitrogen and total weight loss are linearly corre-
lated with a nitrogen-to-carbon slope of 1.25 to 1.5.
Volatile nitrogen compounds accounted for the major
fraction of NOx produced from coal-nitrogen, especial-
ly at high temperatures and low fuel/oxygen equiva-
lence ratios. The results suggest that low NOx emis-
sions from pulverized coal combustion are favored by
a two-stage design: the first stage operated fuel-rich at
high temperature; the second, fuel-lean at low tem-
perature.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Coal,
'Combustion, 'Combustion products, Nitrogen, Pyro-
lysis, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Oxidation, Equipment, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Volatility, Chemical reaction mech-
anisms, Coal combustion.
PB-286 209/2 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emission* Inspection
and Maintenance Programa In Ohio. Phase II. Final
rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
David B. Ramsay, Lee A. Coda, Robert 0. Phillips,
Nancy K. Roy, and Frederick M. Sellers. Aug 78,351 p
GCA-TR-78-38-G(1), EPA/905/2-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
Recent data for the State of Ohio Indicates that the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO and 0
sub x will not be attained In all areas of the state by
1982, even If all reasonably available control technol-
ogies are applied. In view of this, it Is likely that the
state will request from EPA an extension of the compli-
ance date beyond 1982, In order for this request to be
considered, the state must, among other things, have
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
adopted a firm schedule for Implementing a motor ve-
hicle Inspection and maintenance (I/M) program In the
nlghly urbanized nonattainment areas. In this connec-
tion, the State of Ohio Is currently in the initial stages of
planning for the Implementation of an I/M program. As
Part of this initial effort, several candidate program
configurations have been analyzed from the stand-
Point of costs, benefits, and other requirements. These
analyses, which are reported herein, will provide the
basis for the state to select one specific option that will
eventually be implemented.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
Inspection, 'Maintenance, Air pollution, Garages,
Urban areas, Rural areas, Manpower requirements,
Cost analysis, Ohio, Standards, 'Motor vehicle inspec-
tion, Vehicle inspection, 'Inspection stations, Air pollu-
tion standards.
PB-286 210/0 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Trt-
*hglePark,NC.
42205-4, EPA/600/2-78/130
Grant EPA-S-803073
The feasibility of recycling certain categories of water
Wed in the manufacture of airplanes was demonstrat-
ed. Water in four categories was continuously recycled
In 380-liter (100-gallon) treatment plants; chemical
Process rinse water, dye-penetrant crack-detection
nnse water, electroplating process rinse water contaln-
jnfl cyanides, and machine shop water-based coolant.
'he estimated capital cost was $3.4 million for equip-
ment to recycle the above categories of water In a typi-
cal, medium-sized airplane factory generating 1.5 Ml
(400,000 gal)/day. Recycling costs were estimated to
pe: $0.94/kl ($3.57/1000 gal) for chemical process
rinse water; $1.65/KI ($6.25/1000 gal) for dye pene-
trant rinse water; $4.36/kl ($16.50/1000 gal) for cya-
nide process rinse water; and $12.18/kl ($46.09/1000
9al) for machine shop coolant.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
Capitalized costs, Cost analysis, Feasibility, Coolants,
electroplating, Dyes, Recirculatlon, Chemical ef-
fluents, 'Waste water reuse, 'Waste i
craft industry.
i recycling, * Air-
PC A1S/MF A01
"•mote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollu-
tion. Preliminary Inventory of Available Technol-
Wes. (Teledetectlon Applique* a la Lutte centre
* Pollution Marine. Premier Inventalre de* Tech-
niques et Moyens),
"WO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
J«arvMarie Massin. Mar 78,343p NATO/CCMS-78
NATO furnished. Text in English and French.
As regards damage to the marine environment, oil
JPIIIs at sea are considered to be one of the main
sources of pelagic pollution: at the present time, it is
[wtimated that more than six million tons of hydrocar-
Jjpns enter the marine environment as a result of ship-
Ping and certain coastal, industrial and urban activities,
nver-borne pollution, oil prospecting and mining at sea
2nd, finally, natural seepage from certain sea bottoms.
'his pollution is mainly due to intentional discharge,
}*• the routine evacuation of hydrocarbon-carrying ef-
"uents, or to accidental discharge, as a result of
Carnage to installations or ships. Because of the rapid
gevelopment of techniques and the multiplicity of stud-
Jf» and research undertaken, particularly with a view to
Developing Integrated remote detection systems to
|"eet the overall requirements of users, It has been
jound desirable to take stock of present knowledge In
|™» «eld (excluding satellites lor the time being) so that
jne lines to be followed In the mentioned areas can be
Determined and assessed. This manual Is a first Inven-
jory of available techniques, Instrumentation, and re-
•e*rch centers In the field of remote sensing of the
"wine environment for detection of pollution. Inclu-
|*on In this Inventory of information from specific orga-
nizations or firms does not In any way Imply approvalor
•noorwrnent of the organizations or firms, or of partlc-
flar equipment, by the CCMS, NATO, or the Alliance
Nations.
Keywords-. 'Oil pollution, 'Monitors, 'Remote sensing,
.Manuals, Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Weather, Sources,
s, Visible spectra, Infrared spectra, Pelagic zone,
Photogrammetry, Measuring Instruments, Instrumen-
tation, Aircraft, Aerial photography, Radiometers, Opti-
cal detectors, Oceans, Irradlance, Radiance, Light
scattering, Oil slicks, Optical tracking, Test equipment,
Specifications, Data processing, 'Oil pollution detec-
tion, Water pollution detection, Multlband spectral re-
connaissance, NATO furnished.
PB-286 224/1 PC A00/MF A01
Electric Utility Steam Generating Unite - Panicu-
late Matter, Background Information for Proposed
Emission Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 78,182p* EPA-450/2-78/006A
See also PB-286 225.
Revised Standards of Performance for the control of
emissions of paniculate matter from electric utility
power plants are being proposed under the authority of
section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards
would apply only to electric utility steam generating
units capable of combusting more than 73 megawatts
heat Input (250 million Btu/hr) of fossil fuel and for
which construction or modification began on or after
the date of proposal of the regulations. This document
contains background Information, environmental and
economic impact assessments, and the rationale for
the standards, as proposed under 40 CFR Part 60,
Subpart Da.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Particles, Standards, Environmental Impacts,
Air pollution control equipment, Revisions, Cost analy-
sis, Monitoring, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Regulations, Clean Air Act, Stationary sources,
'Performance standards, 'Air pollution standards.
PB-286 226/8 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Back-
ground Information for Proposed SO2 Emission
Standards. Final rept.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA METREK Dlv.
Jul 78,488p* EPA/450/2-78/007A
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
See also PB-286 224.
The report discusses the legal alternatives to revising
the standard of performance for sulfur dioxide emis-
sions from steam/electric generators with heat Inputs
greater than 250 million BTU/hour. Alternative sulfur
dioxide control technologies are discussed. The envi-
ronmental and economic impact of various alternative
sulfur dioxide standards are discussed, also. The
report contains 50 references to detailed technical re-
ports discussing all aspects of flue gas desulfurlzatlon
at steam/electric generators. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Electric power plants, Standards, Substitutes, Law
enforcement, Technology, Fluidized bed processing,
Coal preparation, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Air pollution control, Forecasting,
Water pollution control, Environmental impacts, Eco-
nomic impact, Land use, Ecology, Performance stand-
ards, Air quality, Water quality, New source perform-
ance standards, Clean Air Act.
PB-286 229/0 PC A05/MF A01
South Carolina State Depl of Health and Environmen-
tal Control, Columbia.
Area Source Emission Inventory for York County,
South Carolina. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Glenn T. Reed. Apr 78,97p EPA/904/9-77/029
Contract EPA-88-92-1380
Sponsored in part by South Carolina State Dept. of
Health and Environmental Control, Columbia.
An area source emission inventory lor York County,
South Carolina was developed. All five criteria pollut-
ants were Inventoried: paniculate, sulfur dioxide, hy-
drocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
Estimates were made for the baseline year, 1976, and
projected to two future years: 1980 and 1985. In devel-
oping the inventory, fuel usage, solvent usage and pe-
troleum marketing were surveyed. Procedures outlined
in EPA's Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Plan-
ning and Analysis were used. In addition, Mobile 1, the
new EPA computer program for calculating the motor
vehicle emission factors for carbon dioxide, hydrocar-
bons, and oxides of nitrogen, was used.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Re-
views, Methodology, Land use, Evaporation, Sources,
Motor vehicles, Aircraft, Railroads, Pavements, Con-
struction, Dust, Petroleum, Coatings, Dry cleaning,
Solid waste disposal, Combustion, Fires, Management
planning, Population, Inventories, South Carolina, 'Air
quality, Fugitive emissions, Emission factors, York
CountyfSouth Carolina).
PB-286 231/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. • Cincinnati,
OH.
Energy Requirements of Present Pollution Control
Technology. Final rept. 4 Mar 76-30 Jun 76,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
R. W. Serth, and R. S. Hockett. May 78,103p* MRC-
DA-762, EPA/600/7-78/084
Contract EPA-68-02-1320
Estimates of energy requirements for pollution control
at stationary sources in the United States, as compiled
from the literature, are presented and discussed. The
data are analyzed to determine the distribution of
energy requirements among economic sectors and
among pollutant types. Alternative methods of pollu-
tion control that are potentially less energy intensive
and still capable of meeting environmental regulations
are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution control.
Substitutes, Electric power plants, Iron and steel in-
dustry, Sources, Solid wastes, Chemical Industry,
Nitric acid, Water pollution control, Air pollution con-
trol, Industries, Revisions, 'Energy requirements,
'Stationary sources, Industrial sector, Energy con-
sumption.
PB-286 241/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Mass Balance Determinations for Pollutants In
Urban Regions. Methodology with Applications to
Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Special rept.
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Dept. of Environ-
mental Health Engineering.
Aug 78,126p EPA/600/4-78/046
Contract EPA-68-03-4034
A methodology Is presented for constructing mass bal-
ances for pollutants which move interactively through
the air, land and water of an urban-industrial region.
Results are reported for lead, zinc, cadmium, ana ar-
senic based on experiments conducted specifically for
this study, and on available data from the open litera-
ture. The principle on which the analysis Is based Is the
conservation of mass equation for a given chemical
element. Using chemical element balance as In flow
diagrams for the movement of pollutants through the
environment, rates of flow and accumulation can be
estimated for the separate environmental compart-
ments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, 'Urban
areas, Systems analysis, Arsenic, Cadmium, Zinc,
LeadtMetal), Methodology, Trace elements, Deposi-
tion, Exhaust emissions, Automobiles, 'Path of pollut-
ants, 'Mass balance, Heavy metals, Automobile ex-
haust.
PB-286 243/1 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Premlxed One-Dlmenslonsl Flams (PROP) Code
User's Manual. Final rept. Sep 77-Feb 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain view, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Dlv.
Robert M. Kendall, and John T. Kelly. Aug 78, 238p
78/277, EPA/600/7-78/172A
Contract EPA-68-02-261 1
The report Is a user's manual that describes the prob-
lems that can be treated by the Premlxed One-dlmen-
slonal Ftsme (PROF) code. It also describes the math-
ematical models and solution procedures applied to
these problems. Complete input Instructions and a de-
scription of output are given. Several sample problem
Input and output listings are presented to demonstrate
code options. A program listing and code Fortran vari-
able definitions are Included. The PROF code numeri-
ng a
. The
December 1983 509
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cally models complex chemistry and diffusion process-
es In premixed laminar flames. Since the code includes
diffusion, it gives realistic solutions of coupled com-
bustion and pollutant formation processes in the flame
zone, as well as downstream in the postflame region.
The code can be a valuable aid when Interpreting ex-
perimental flame data. In addition to flames, the PROF
code can also treat problems Involving well-stirred re-
actors, plug-flow reactors, and time-evolution chemical
kinetics. A wide variety of conventional and experi-
mental combustion systems can be treated by the
code's flame and reactor options.
Keywords: 'Flames, Mathematical models, Fortran,
Computer programs, Chemical reactors, Combustion,
Diffusion, Methane, Reaction kinetics, Manuals, Pro-
cedures, PROF computer code, ACEF computer pro-
gram.
PB-286 248/0 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
User's Manual for Kinetic* Modal and Ozone Iso-
pleth Plotting Package. Interim rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Gary Z. Whltten, and H. Hogo. Jul 78,249p EPA/600/
8-78/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-2428
See also rept. dated Nov 77, PB-278142.
The Kinetics Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Pack-
age (OZIPP) is a computerized model that simulates
ozone formation in urban atmospheres. OZIPP calcu-
lates maximum one-hour average ozone concentra-
tions given a set of input assumptions about Init ial pre-
cursor concentrations, light intensity, dilution, diurnal
and spatial emission patterns, transported pollutant
concentrations, and reactivity of the precursor mix.
The results of multiple simulations are used to produce
an ozone isopleth diagram tailored to particular cities.
Such a diagram relates maximum ozone concentra-
tions to concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons
and oxides of nitrogen, and can be used In the Empiri-
cal Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) to calculate
emission reductions necessary to achieve air quality
standards for photochemical oxidants. This user's
manual describes the technical basis, necessary and
optional input data, computer code and the use of
OZIPP.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Urban areas, Man-
uals, Reaction kinetics, Nomographs, Mathematical
models, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Computer-
ized simulation, Atmospheric models, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Photochemical reactions, Computer programs,
OZIPP computer program.
PB-286 250/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Horseshoe Lake, Semlnole County, Florida. Final
rept Mar-Nov 73.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Sep 77,26p WORKING PAPER-225
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Us Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Horseshoe Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophicatlon,
•Water quality data, Seminole County(Florida).
PB-286 261/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Monroe, Seminole and Volitate Counties,
Florida. Final rept. Mar 73-Aug 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,43p WORKING PAPER-267
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Monroe, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water qualify data, Seminole County(Florida), Volusia
County(Florida).
PB-286 262/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Lake Mead, Clark County, Nevada, Mohave
County, Arizona. Final rept. Nov 74-Mar 76.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, NV.
Sep 77,100p WORKING PAPER-808
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR., Nevada Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Carson City, and Nevada National Guard,
Carson City.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mead, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Nevada, Arizona, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Clark County(Nevada), Mohave
County(Arizona).
PB-286 263/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Gibson, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,41p WORKING PAPER-252
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Gibson, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement. Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Polk County (Florida).
PB-286 265/4 PC A02/MF A01
Lake Superior Organic Carbon Budget. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Walter J. Maier, and Wayland R. Swain. 24 Oct 77,12p
EPA/600/J-78/039
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Dept. of Civil and Mineral Engineering. Pub. in
Water Research, v12 p403-4121978.
The organic carbon concentration of Lake Superior Is
discussed in terms of a simple mathematical model
that treats the lake as a well mixed basin. Major
sources, outflows, and biochemically mediated remov-
al of organic carbon are analyzed In the time frame of
yearly average values. Data on organic carbon con-
centrations of watershed drainage, rainfall, anthropo-
genic Inflows and contributions from photosynthetic
production are analyzed as are the removal of organ-
ics by biochemical oxidation and sedimentation. The
long range projected effects of the major sources and
sinks on the yearly average organic carbon concentra-
tion of the lake are described.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Superior,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Organic compounds, Watersheds, Drainage, Bio-
chemical cycles, Oxidation, Rainfall, Photosynthesis,
Sedimentation, Water flow, Fresh water, Great Lakes,
Reprints, 'Eutrophication, Carbon cycle, Sinks.
PB-286 269/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Tohopekallga, Oaceola County, Florida. Final
rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,47p WORKING PAPER-277
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Tohopekaliga,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, Florida, Eutro-
phication, 'Water qualify data, Osceola
County(Florida).
PB-286 270/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Istokpoga, Highlands County, Florida. Final
rept. Feb 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,48p WORKING PAPER-258
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Istokpoga, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophicatlon,
'Water quality data, Highlands County(Florida).
PB-286 271/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Yale, Lake County, Florida. Final rept. Mar-
Nov 73.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Sep 77, 28p WORKING PAPER-280
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophicatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Yale, Water quality,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, Eutrophicatlon, 'Water
quality data, Lake County(Florida).
PB-286 272/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lawn* Lake, Orange County, Florida. Final rept.
Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,44p VVORKING PAPER-262
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
510 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dept, of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, *Lawne Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, Eutrophication, "Water
quality data, Orange County(Florida).
PB-266 273/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Tarpon, Plnellae County, Florida. Final rept.
Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77, 38p WORKING PAPER-275
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Lake Tarpon, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
Water quality data, Pinellas County(Florida).
PB-288 277/9 PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
wstream Flow Strategies for Arizona. Final rept.,
enviro Control. Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Joe Solomon. May
'8, 100p FWS/OBS-78/35
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
S«e also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046. Prepared In
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
This ia one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
|"fl most promising institutional methods for reserving
'"stream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
*estern states. The states included In the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
[ww Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
wee main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
tweet the most important strategy for any given situa-
"w, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
•nettled has worked in the state. The third part Is a de-
'aiied narrative description of the procedures for Imple-
rnentlng the strategy and an example of how it has
own employed in the state.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
"aw, 'Arizona, Water rights, Legislation, Research pro)-
Sjts. Grants, Allocations, Financing, Construction,
gtate government, National government, Reservoirs,
Water storage, Water distribution, Evaluation, U-
Jwaes, Western Region(United States), 'Instream
•to*, Low flow.
PC A06/MF A01
and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
energy and Land Use Team.
JTwtream Flow Strategies for California. Final rept,
gnvlro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
**ayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Martin Lewis. May
;?, 1 06p FWS/OBS-78/36
Contract DM 4-1 6-0008-21 21
r?8 also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046. Prepared In
2?°P«ration with Environmental Protection Agency,
••ashington, DC. Office of Research and Develop-
"lent.
one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
ln*tream
western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
select the most Important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked in the state. The third part is a de- ,
tailed narrative description of the procedures for imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how it has
been employed in the state.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
law, 'California, Water rights, Legislation, Research
projects, Licenses, Allocations, Leasing, Financing,
Construction, Water storage, Reservoirs, Planning,
State government, National government, Water distri-
bution, Evaluation, Western Region(United States),
•Instream flow, Low flow.
PB-288 279/5 PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Instream Flow Strategist for New Mexico. Final
rept.,
Envlro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Joe Solomon. May
78,94p FWS/OBS-78/41
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Research and Develop-
ment
This is one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
the most promising institutional methods for reserving
instream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
western states. The states Included In the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First Is a guide to help the reader
select the most Important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked In the state. The third part is a de-
tailed narrative description of the procedures for Imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how it has
been employed In the state.
Keywords: 'Planning. 'Wildlife, 'Fishes, 'Stream flow,
•New Mexico, Water rights, Assessments, Evaluation,
Identifying, 'Instream flow, Western Region(United
States), Wild rivers.
PB-288 283/7 PC A08/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockvllle, MD. Office of Sea Grant
Transmission Lines: Environments! and Public
Policy Considerations. An Introduction and Anno-
tated Bibliography. Environmental Monitoring and
Data Acquisition Group,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Thomas W. Smith, John C. Jenkins, John S. Stelnhart,
Kathleen A. Briody, and David Schoengold. Jun 77,
167p" IES-79
Grants NOAA-04-5-158-15. NOAA-04-6-158-44008
Sponsored In part by Grant EPA-R-803971. Spon-
sored In part by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Rockvllle, MD. Office of Sea Grant,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
This Introduction and annotated bibliography are de-
signed to help citizens and public officials participate
more effectively in the dedslonmaklng process about
transmission lines. The environmental impacts of
transmission lines and measures to alleviate the im-
pacts are described-Including planning and routing
procedures as well as designs and maintenance prac-
tices. The role of transmission in the entire electric
power system and possible alternatives to transmis-
sion-including conservation, local management, local
generation-is also covered. A broad range of literature
has been reviewed and summarized and recommend-
ed readings are provided for each topic.
Keywords: 'Transmission lines, 'Bibliographies. Elec-
tric power transmission, Energy conservation, Load
control, Substitutes, Decision making, Planning, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Regulations, Power transmission
lines, Policies, Load management.
PB-286 286/2 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Computer Assisted Area Source Emissions
(CAASE) Qrlddlng Procedure (Revised). IBM 370/
OS Version User's Manual. Final rept. Mar 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Richard C. Haws, and J. W. Dunn, III. Mar 78,466p
EPA/450/3-78/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2501
See also report dated Jan 74, PB-257 958.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling programs such as
the Climatologlcal Dispersion Model (COM), Air Quality
Display Model (AQDM), and Implementation Planning
Program (IPP) are among the most basic tools used for
evaluation of air quality and State Implementation
Plans (SIP's). Since emissions data comprise the most
Important Input information for these models, any
factor affecting the availability and completeness of
the emissions data has a significant impact on the re-
sults of the modeling programs. Procedures for format-
ting emissions from point sources are well defined;
however, area source emission data present prob-
lems. Usually the smallest geographic unit for which
accurate primary data are available is the county.
These data must be disaggregated and appropriately
allocated to smaller areas to provide an adequately
detailed input. The five major computer grlddlng pro-
grams and associated subroutines contained in this re-
vised manual provide an objective method for allocat-
ing county-level data to grid squares selected on the
basis of demographic features and sized to give appro-
priate detail for Input to air quality modeling programs.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Computer programs, Pro-
gramming manuals, Inventories, Sources,
Grid8(Coordinates), Counties, Growth, Urbanization,
Computerized simulation, Mathematical models,
Urban areas, Fuels, Populations, Exhaust emissions.
Combustion products, Allocations, IBM-370 comput-
ers, 'Computer assisted area source emissions,
'CASSE computer programs, Emission factors, Hous-
ing, Air quality maintenance, Apportioning, Point
sources, Area sources, Geocoding, 'Air quality control
regions, 'Air quality maintenance areas.
PB-286 291/0 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Cost-Effective Strategies for Alleviating Water
Quality Degradation from Irrigated Agriculture.
Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, James P. Law, Jr., and Wynn R.
Walker. 1976,25p EPA/600/J-78/040
Text in English; summary In French. Presented at Inter-
national Congress on Irrigation and Drainage (10th),
Held at Athens, Greece on May 78,22p.
The study moves from a concern for maximizing crop
production on a single plot, or farm, to evaluating
large-area agricultural systems in order to maximize
economic gains under the constraint of minimizing pol-
lution resulting from return flows. To accomplish this
but much can be accomplished by more efficient use
of materials (e.g., water, fertilizers, pesticides, and her-
bicides). In studying any particular irrigation system,
the first step Is Identifying the extent of water pollution
problems, which Is usually done by analyzing inflow-
outflow data for the Irrigated area. Then, the sources of
these pollutants must be established, which may re-
quire extensive field Investigations. The next step Is a
cost-effectiveness analysis, where the cost of imple-
menting a technology to various levels Is compared
against Its effectiveness for Improving water quality.
These concepts are Illustrated for three Irrigation sys-
tems In the western United States; namely. Yaklma
Valley, Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage Dis-
trict and Grand Valley.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Irrigation, 'Water pol-
lution control, Salinity, Constraints, Fertilizers, Pesti-
cides, Water flow, Cost comparison, Improvement, Op-
timization, Sources, Yakima Valley.
Washlngton(State), English language, French lan-
guage, ^Return flow, Welton-Mohawk Irrigation and
Drainage District.
December 1983 511
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-286 202/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lak* Mlnneola, Lake County, Florida. Final rept.
Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey, Corvallls, OR.
Dec 77,33p WORKING PAPER-266
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Mlnneola, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Lake County(Florida).
PB-286 203/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lak* Mlnnehaha, Orange County, Florida. Final
rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, OR.
Dec 77,36p WORKING PAPER-266
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcatlon Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Minnehaha, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, orange County(Florida).
PB-286 307/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Control of Volatile Organic Emlaaiona from Manu-
facture of Vegetable Oils.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Donald Henz, Donald Louden, Fred Hall, Kerri C.
Brothers, and Frank Bunyard. Jun 78,84p EPA/450/2-
78/035, , OAQPS-1.2-110
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations limiting emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from the manufacture of
vegetable oil. Only soybean, cottonseed, corn, and
peanut oil manufacturing facilities are addressed in
this document. Reasonably available control technol-
ogy (RACT) is defined in this document and cost analy-
sis for RACT is included for evaluating the cost effec-
tiveness of controlling vegetable oil plants.
"Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Vegetable oils, 'Regulations, Manufacturing,
Industrial wastes. Sources, Monitoring, Solvents, Cost
analysis, Law enforcement, Capitalized costs, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fu-
gitive emissions, Reasonably available control tech-
nology.
PB-286 308/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
System for Applying Powdered QalHng Agant* to
Spilled Hazardous Material*.
Calapan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
J. G. Michalovic, C. K. Akers, R. W. King, and R. J.
Pllie. Jul 78,31p EPA/600/2-78/145
Contract EPA-68-03-2093
Research has been conducted to develop a blendnd
material that would optimally Immobilize a wide range
of liquid chemicals detrimental to the environment.
The product of this research was Multipurpose Gelling
Agent (MGA), a blend of four polymers and an inorgan-
ic powder. When applied to a chemical spill, MGA
turns the hazardous liquid into a gelatinous mass
which can be easily removed by shovel or other me-
chanical means. The MGA research program has also
Included design, fabrication, testing, and demonstra-
tion of a mobile, self-powered, mechanical system for
dispensing powdered MGA to spill target areas In a
safe and effective manner. A prototype of the Mobile
Dispensing System (MDS) was constructed and
tested. The MDS unit incorporates an auger-fed pneu-
matic conveyor system and a trailer that can be towed
to remote spill sites. After initial testing to determine
the MGA range and dispersal pattern, the MDS unit
was tested against both small- and large-scale simu-
lated spills. On 4 November 1976, the MDS unit was
demonstrated for a group of USEPA officials at a Cal-
span test facility In Bethany, New York. It was subse-
quently delivered to the USEPA Industrial Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory, Edison, New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Gelling agents,
Polymers, Inorganic compounds, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Absorbers(Materials), 'Chemical
spills, 'Mobile dispensing systems, MGA program.
PB-286 322/3 PC A07/MF A01
South Carolina State Dept. of Health and Environmen-
tal Control, Columbia.
Georgetown, South Carolina Air Quality Mainte-
nance Planning and Analysis. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Feb 77,228p EPA/904/9-77/030
Contract EP A-68-02-1380
Sponsored in part by South Carolina State Dept. of
Health and Environmental Control, Columbia.
An area source emission inventory was developed for
Georgetown County, South Carolina. Baseline year
emissions estimates were allocated to grids. The Air
Quality Display Model (AQDM) was used to determine
the source-receptor relationship for the baseline year.
Using this baseline relationship and a projected emis-
sion Inventory, the AQDM was used to analyze air
quality attainment and maintenance in 1980 and 1985.
Although all criteria pollutants were inventoried, only
paniculate emissions were modeled. Primary National
Ambient Air Quality Standards for paniculate were vio-
lated during the baseline year. The analysis indicated
that the standards will continue to be violated unless
more stringent controls are adopted. Further study of
weather conditions and fugitive emissions from indus-
trial point sources was recommended. Additional mod-
eling was attempted to incorporate industrial process
fugitive paniculate emissions in the analysis. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Parti-
cles, Inventories, Mathematical models, Land use,
Population, Fuel consumption, Construction, Rail-
roads, Motor vehicles, Aircraft, Incinerators, Fires,
Pavements, South Carolina, 'Air quality maintenance,
Point sources, Fugitive emissions, Air Quality Disper-
sion Model, Baseline measurements, Georgetown
County(South Carolina).
PB-286 339/7 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Tha Swirl Primary Separator: Development and
Pilot Demonstration. Final rept.,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, IL.
Richard H. Sullivan, Morris M. Cohn, James E. Ure,
Fred Parkinson, and G. Galiana. Aug 78,216p APWA-
73-3, EPA/600/2-78/122
Contract EPA-68-03-0272, Grant EPA-S-803157
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-242 001.
A study was conducted to determine if the swirl con-
centrator principle could be used to provide primary
treatment to combined sewer overflows and municipal
wastewater. A hydraulic model with synthetic
wastewater and a mathematical model were both used
to arrive at an optimized configuration and a design
basis. The design was then tested under actual wet-
and dry-weather flow conditions using a large scale,
1,137 cu m/d (0.3 mgd) pilot constructed InToronto,
Canada. The Toronto pilot evaluations confirmed the
accuracy of the design (and associated design curves)
developed under the model studies. The model and
pilot studies Indicated that the device could achieve 30
to 50 percent settleable solids removal efficiency for
flows of less than 22 I/sec (0.5 mgd) at coats compa-
rable to, or less than, conventional treatment units.
Overflow rates of two to three times that of conven-
tional units make possible the saving. The report con-
tains thorough descriptions of the hydraulic/math-
ematical ana pilot studies, and most importantly, the
detailed design methodology.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers,
Design criteria, Mathematical models, Hydraulic
models, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Equip-
ment, Runoff, Swirling, Concentrators, 'Swirl primary
separators, Storm water runoff.
PB-286 340/6 CP T04
A Mathematical Modal of Electrostatic Precipita-
tion: Revision 1. Model-Simulation,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jack R. McDonald, and Leslie E. Sparks. Jun 78, mag
tape' EPA/600/7-78/111C, EPA/DF-78/008
Source tape Is in IBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half Inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price Includes documentation, PB-284 614 and
PB-284615.
The computer program performs the calculations in
the mathematical model of electrostatic precipitation
and is documented In other publications. The program
predicts collection efficiency In an electrostatic precipl-
tator as a function of particle diameter, electrical oper-
ating conditions, collection plate area, and gas proper-
ties. It calculates electric field distributions and volt-
age-current characteristics for wire-plate geometries.
It determines particle as a function of particle diame-
ter, electrical conditions, and residence time. It ac-
counts for the nonldeal effects of nonuniform gas ve-
locity distribution, gas bypassage of electrified regions,
and particle reentralnment by using empirically deter-
mined, particle-size-dependent correction factors to
reduce the ideal collection efficiency tor each particle
diameter. The program can predict trends in overall
mass collection efficiency caused by changes in spe*
cific collection area, applied voltage, current density,
inlet mass loading, inlet particle size distribution, and
nonideal conditions. The program contains an estima-
tion procedure which can be used in lieu of the rigor-
ous procedure of calculation in order to obtain esti-
mates without having to use large amounts of comput-
er time-Software Description: The program is written
in the Fortran IV programming language for implemen-
tation on a DEC POP 15/76 computer, using the DOS-
15 V3B operating system. The program has also been
implemented on an IBM 370/158, a CDC 7600, and a
UNIVAC 1100 with minor changes. It requires 86,334
octal words of core, plus an additional 10,276 octal
words of core for system software on the DEC PDP
15/76.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Electrostatic precipi-
tation, 'Mathematical models, Particle size distribu-
tion, Computer programs, Revisions, Performance
evaluation, Electric fields, Numerical analysis, Magnet-
ic tapes, Fortran, PDP-15/76 computers, IBM-370/
158 computers, CDC-7600 computers, Univac-1100
computers, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB-286 3S3/8 PC A09/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Office
of the Assistant Secretary for Policy and International
Affairs.
Implementation and Administration of Air Quality
Transportation Controla: An Analysis of the
Denver, Colorado Area. Final rept. Jun 76-Jul 78,
Cambridge Systematics, Inc., MA.
J. H. Suhrbier, E. A. Deakin, L. A. Neumann, C. R.
Kern, and W. P. Stern. Apr 78,608p DOT-P-78-001
Contract DOT-OS-60173
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Using the Denver Air Quality Control Region as a case
example, this study examines the costs and benefits
associated with the Implementation and administration
of transportation air quality measures required under
the Clean Air Act. The study was undertaken In re-
sponse to the problems encountered by a number of
metropolitan areas in their efforts to implement EPA
Transportation Control Plans (TCP's). Program meas-
ures examined are vehicle inspection and mainte-
nance, ride sharing, preferential treatment for high oc-
cupancy vehicles, parking management, bicycling and
transit. Impacts are described on legal and institutional
512 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
considerations, urban economics, public administra-
tion, zoning, land management, travel behavior and
conditions, motor vehicle regulation, capital enforce-
ment costs, air quality, energy and safety. Emphasis is
placed on the particular groups or institutions affected
and on determination of relative importance of various
costs and benefits associated with implementation.
Tne report concludes with an assessment of the impli-
cations for federal transportation policy. Analysis
methodologies are described in a series of technical
Appendices. A separate Executive Summary is pro-
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, *Air pollution
abatement, 'Transportation management, Urban
areas, Air pollution, Automobiles, Buses(Vehicles), Bi-
cycles, Traffic control, Economic analysis, Colorado,
inspection, Parking facilities, Economic impact, Motor
vehicle inspection, *Air quality, Preferential traffic
™ies, Reserved lanes, Car pools, Clean Air Amend-
ments of 1977, Bus lanes, Bikeways, Transportation
Planning, *Denver(Colorado), Travel time, Case stud-
£8-286 355/3 PC A05/MF A01
nsh and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
'"stream Flow Strategies for Utah. Final rept.,
tnviro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Martin Lewis. May
j8,99pFWS/OBS-78/45
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Research and Develop-
ment.
This is one of 13 retorts that identifies and evaluates
the most promising institutional methods for reserving
'"stream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
Western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
«ona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
Detect the most important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
tailed narrative description of the procedures for imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how it has
been employed in the state.
!
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing locations and the beginning and ending points of
the visible part of the plumes. Detailed printout and
contour plots of excess temperature and moisture dis-
tribution can also be obtained if desired. Based on
comparison with laboratory data this model gives good
predictions for the case of dry plumes (no moisture in-
volved). It should be noted that several empirical coef-
ficients are as yet not accurately known. Verification of
this model for the wet plume (such as for prototype
cooling tower plumes) and the determination of the
values for these empirical coefficients to be used in
prototype applications must await detailed comparison
with field data.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Cooling towers, "Plumes,
'Mathematical models, Moisture, Computerized simu-
lation, Numerical integration, Integral equations, Com-
puter programs, Runge-Kutta method, Temperature,
Cooling systems, Cooling waters, Thermal pollution,
Humidity, Fortran, Diffusion modeling, Point sources,
IBM-370/158 computers.
PB-286 365/2 PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Radioactive Contaminants In By-Prod-
ucts from Coal-Fired Power Plant Operations,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl,OH.
Herman Krieger, and Betty Jacobs. Jul 78,41 p EPA/
600/4-78/039
The major radionuclides detected in fossil fuel power
plant operations have been identified and quantified.
Samples of coal, fly ash, bottom ash, and scrubber
sludge were collected from different regions in the U.S.
and analyzed for radium, thorium, and uranium. The
standard radiochemical procedures were modified in
order to obtain reproducible results for the variety of
samples analyzed, which then can be used to calcu-
late a radioactivity balance on the basis of normal op-
erations. The report tabulates the spectrum of activity
levels in a variety of samples, and compares the re-
sults from non-destructive spectrometry and from ra-
diochemical separations. The environmental impact of
an expanding fossil-fuel power plant operation is dis-
cussed, and it is concluded that, for the present, no ra-
diation hazard exists.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Air pollution,
Electric power plants, Sampling, Coal, Fly ash, Sludge,
Gamma ray spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Radium,
Thorium, Uranium, 'Coal fired power plants.
PB-286 366/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
User's Manual for Agricultural Runoff Manage-
ment (ARM) Model. Final rept. Jul 77-Nov 78,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
A. S. Donigian, Jr., and H. H. Davis, Jr. Aug 78,173p
EPA/600/3-78/080
Grant EPA-R-803722-01
This user manual provides detailed instructions and
guidelines for using the Agricultural Runoff Manage-
ment (ARM) Model, Versions I and II. The manual in-
cludes a brief general description of the ARM Model
structure, operation, and components, but the primary
purpose of this document is to supply information, or
sources of information, to assist potential users in
using, calibrating, and applying the ARM Model. Data
requirements and sources, model input and output,
and model parameters are described and discussed.
This manual, when used with an understanding of the
simulated processes and the model algorithms, can
provide a sound basis for using the ARM Model in the
analysis of agricultural nonpoint pollution problems
and management practices.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution,
Manuals, Sediments, Mathematical models, Pesti-
cides, Fertilizers, Nutrients, Management, ARM model,
Nonpoint sources, Model studies.
PB-286 387/6 PC A05/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In North Carolina
Lakes. Report for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
M. K. Morris, L R. Williams, W. S. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt,
and S. C. Hern. May 78,81 p EPA/600/3-78/051
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 16 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the state of North
Carolina. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Index, and species di-
versity and abundance indices). The collection and
analysis of phytopiankton data were included in the
Survey in an effort to determine relationships between
algal characteristics and trophic status of individual
lakes.
Keywords: 'Phytopiankton, 'Distribution, 'Lakes,
•water pollution, Abundance, Indexes(Ratios), Water
quality, Surveys, Limnology, Seasonal variations,
North Carolina, Tables(Data), Statistical data, Sam-
pling, Quality control, Eutrophication, Species diversi-
ty, 'Trophic levels.
PB-286 388/4 PC A03/MF A01
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Proposed Re-
visions In the Exhaust Emission Standards for
New and In-Use Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines
Based on EPA's Independent Estimates. Technical
support rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard S. Wilcox, and Richard W. Munt. Feb 78, 50p
AC-78-01
To determine the most efficient means of achieving
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the cost
effectiveness of various pollution abatement control
strategies are compared and the most effective are im-
plemented. This report contains a cost-effectiveness
analysis of the proposed revisions in exhaust emission
standards for new and in-use aircraft gas turbine en-
gines using EPA's independent cost estimate.
Keywords: 'Aircraft engines, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution abatement, Air pollution control, Jet engines,
Cost effectiveness, Cost analysis, Standards, Air pollu-
tion standards, 'Aircraft exhaust, 'Retrofitting.
PB-286 408/8 PCA11/MFA01
Supplementary Guidelines for Lead Implementa-
tion Plans. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 78,233p' EPA/450/2-78/038, OAQPS-1.2-104
This guideline presents information on the develop-
ment of implementation plans for lead that are not con-
tained in EPA's regulations for preparation, adoption,
and submission of implementation plans, found in Part
51 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. In
several cases, the guidance presented herein is refer-
enced in those regulations; EPA will use this guidance
in determining the acceptability of a plan. The guide-
line covers the following topics: general implementa-
tion plan development, reporting requirements, analy-
sis and control strategy development, siting of urban
area ambient air quality monitors for lead, new source
review, and the determination of the lead point source
definition. In addition, appendices cover the following
topics: procedures for determining inorganic and or-
ganic lead emissions from stationary sources, projec-
tion of automotive lead emissions, deposition of parti-
cles and gases, and rollback modeling.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution,
Management planning, Regulations, State govern-
ment, National government, Monitoring, Particles,
Standards, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions,
Combustion products, Air quality, Automobile exhaust,
Stationary sources, Point sources, Emission factors,
Storage and retrieval of aerometrlc data.
PB-286 415/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environment Midwest, February 1976 Through De-
cember 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Feb 76,178p
See also report for Jan 76, PB-263 313.
This document compiles the February 1976 through
December 1976 issues of ENVIRONMENT MIDWEST
into a single volume. This periodical publication of
Region V's Office of Public Affairs reports on environ-
mental protection in the mldwestern United States.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Periodicals, National government, Exhaust
gases, Great Lakes, Protection, Water pollution abate-
ment, Air pollution abatement, United States, Midwest
Region(United States), Environmental protection.
PB-286 416/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environment Midwest, January 1977 Through De-
cember 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Jan 77,186p
This document compiles the January 1977 through
December 1977 issuances of ENVIRONMENT MID-
WEST into a single volume. This periodical publication
reports on environmental protection in the midwestern
United States.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Solid
waste disposal, Periodicals, Industrial wastes, Law en-
forcement, Pesticides, United States, Hazardous ma-
terials, Midwest RegionfUnited States), 'Environmen-
tal protection.
PB-286 417/1 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Materials for Oxygenated Wastewater Treatment
Plant Construction. Final rept.,
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO. Engineering and
Research Center.
H. K. Uyeda, B. V. Jones, T. E. Rutenbeck, and J. W.
Kaakinen. Jul 78,128p EPA/600/2-78/136
Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Interi-
or, Washington, DC. See also report dated May 74,
PB-255239.
This research study was initiated to identify resistant
materials for construction of wastewatar treatment
plants using the oxygen activated sludge process. In
this investigation, samples of a broad range of con-
struction materials were exposed for periods up to 28
months in the aeration basins of three operating mu-
nicipal wastewater treatment plants. All three plants
were using oxygen-activated sludge processes during
the exposure period. Materials exposed included me-
tallics, Portland cement concretes, and plastic and
rubber materials. An economic analysis was also con-
ducted to evaluate the impact of materials recommen-
dations generated by the exposure testing.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Construction materi-
als, Activated sludge process, Reinforced concrete,
Protective coatings, Exposure, Sealants, Oxygen,
Portland cements, Elastomers, Performance evalua-
tion, Steels, Plastics, Economic analysis, Recommen-
dations, Corrosion tests.
PB-286 418/9 PC A03/MF A01
Human Scalp Hair: An Environmental Exposure
Index for Trace Elements. III. Seventeen Trace
Elements In Birmingham, Alabama and Charlotte,
North Carolina (1972),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
John P. Creason, Thomas A. Hinners, and Joseph E.
Bumgarner. Jul 78, 47p EPA/600/1 -78/037C
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284 435.
Seventeen trace elements - arsenic (As), barium (Ba),
boron, (B), cadmium, (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu),
Iron (Fe), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), mer-
cury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), tin
(Sn), vanadium (V), and Zinc (Zn) - were measured in
human scalp hair in two southeastern United States
communities - Birmingham, Alabama and Charlotte,
North Carolina. Of the seven for which dustfall trace
element measurements were available (lead, nickle,
cadmium, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese)
lead showed a significant positive relationship with
male and female children's scalp hair levels, while
copper was significantly related to female childrens'
and male adults' scalp hair concentrations, and cadmi-
um levels were significantly related to scalp hair levels
in male adults. Only four out of sixty tests of signifi-
cance were significant when housedust was used as
an environmental exposure index for fifteen trace ele-
ments. This result is about what one would expect by
chance if no differences actually existed.
514 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hair, "Trace elements, 'Metals, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Communities, Alabama, North Caroli-
na, Measurement, Children, Males, Females, Adults,
Tables(Data), Exposure, Indexes(Ratios),
Concentration(Composition), Arsenic, Barium, Boron,
Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, LeadfMetal), Lith-
ium, Manganese, Mercury(Metal). Nickel, Selenium,
Silver, Tin, Vanadium, Zinc, Birmingham(Alabama),
Charlotte(North Carolina), Environmental health.
PB-286 421/3 PC A04/MF A01
Review of Past Studies Addressing the Potential
Impact of CO, HC, and NOx Emission* from Com-
mercial Aircraft on Air Quality. Technical support
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and support Branch.
Philip Lorang. Mar 78,73p AC-78-03
Since 1973, EPA has monitored the progress of tech-
nology needed to meet the existing air quality stand-
ards for aircraft engine emissions, and reviewed the
impact of various classes of aircraft on ambient air
quality. As a result, there is now in draft form an NPRM
to amend the existing standards. During the prepara-
tion of the draft NPRM, several commenters ques-
tioned the air quality justifications for certain stand-
ards. This report is partial documentation of EPA's
review of the past air quality studies, and also a review
of air quality justifications for the commercial aircraft
emission standards contained in the NPRM.
Keywords: 'Commercial aircraft, 'Aircraft engines,
Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution abatement, Air pol-
lution, Jet engines, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Airports, District of Columbia, Califor-
nia, New York, Georgia, Illinois, Standards, Air pollu-
tion standards, 'Aircraft exhaust, Los Angeles Interna-
tional Airport, JFK International Airport, Atlanta Inter-
national Airport, O'Hare International Airport, Wash-
ington National Airport.
PB-286 482-SET PC E13
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jun78,761p-in3v
Set includes PB-286 483 thru PB-286 485.
No abstract available.
PB-286 4S3/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Bromlnated Chemicals. Part II: Appendix. Final
rept l9Jul-16Dec77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, R. A. Zweidinger, and M. D. Erickson.
•ton 78,165p EPA/560/6-78/002A
Contract EPA-68-01-1978
See also Part 1, PB-286 484.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-286 482-
Contents: Analytical protocols~(scanning electron mi-
croscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis; total
bromine and chlorine by neutron activation analysis;
analysis for ethylene in ambient air; sampling and
direct analysis for methyl chloride and methyl bromide
In ambient air; sampling and analysis for methyl chlo-
ride, methyl bromide, vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide
In ambient air; sampling and analysis for chlorinated
and brominated hydrocarbons and other chemicals in
ambient air; chlorine/bromine sampling and analysis In
ambient air; determination of inorganic fluoride In am-
bient air; acid mist sampling in ambient air; sampling
and analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons In
soil, sediment, water, vegetation and milk; sampling
and analysis of semi-volatile halogenated hydrocar-
bons in air, soil, sediment, water and biota; ozone
measurements); Atmospheric dispersion modeling;
Meteorological data; Hourly ozone concentrations In El
Dorado, Arkansas.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
*«, 'Bromine organic compounds, 'Bromine inorganic
compounds, Halogen organic compounds, Neutron
activation analysis, Concentration(Compositlon), Mon-
itoring, Atmospheric diffusion, Industrial wastes, Air
Pollution, Sites, Ozone, Arkansas, Water pollution. Soil
analysis, Sediments, Sampling, Laboratory equipment,
Food analysis, Fluorides, Vinyl chloride, Chlorometh-
anes, Ethylene, Electron microscopy, X ray analysis,
Chlorine, Bromine, Methane/bromo, El
Dorado(Arkansas), Ethylene/bromo.
PB-286 484/1 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Bromlnated Chemicals. Part I. Final rept. 19 Jul-16
Dec 77,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, R. A. Zweidinger, and M. D. Erickson.
Jun 78,325p EPA/560/6-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -1978
See also Part 2, PB-286 483, and PB-286 485.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-286 482-
SET.
Sampling and analysis was designed to determine am-
bient concentrations of ethylene dibromide and other
brominated chemicals near production facilities In El
Dorado and Magnolia, AR. A characterization was
made of the environmental matrices - air, water, soil,
sediment and biota - for the presence and levels of
ethylene dibromide, vinyl bromide and other related
chemicals surrounding the bromine industry.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Bromine organic compounds, 'Bromine inorganic
compounds, Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Sediments, Soil analysis, Electron microprobes, Bro-
mides, Fluorides, Chlorides, Halogen inorganic com-
pounds, Halogen organic compounds, Filters, Gas
chromatography, Chloromethanes, Quality assurance,
Food Analysis, Particles, Monitoring, Ozone, Methane/
bromo.
PB-286 485/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
beta-Chloroethers. Final rept. May 76-Jun 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Paul L. Sherman, A. Melvin Kemmer, Leroy Metcalfe,
and Harian D. Toy. Jun 78,271 p MRC-DA-779, EPA/
560/6-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-1980
See also PB-286 483.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-286 482-
SET.
Sampling, workup and analysis methods were devel-
oped for six B-chloroethers in air, water, soil and sedi-
ment samples to evaluate possible environmental con-
tamination by this class of compounds. The six ethers
were chloroethyl ethyl ether, chloroethyl/vinyl ether,
bis-(2-ch!oroethyl) ether, bls(2-chloroisopropyl) ether,
bis(22-chloroethoxy) methane and bis(2-chloroethoxy)
ethane. Four types of samples were collected near
eight industrial sites which were potential emitters of
B-chloroethers. The sites included four plants where
propylene oxide Is produced via the chlorohydrin route.
One plant produced propylene chlorohydrin; one plant
produced both ethylene chlorohydrin and propylene
chlorohydrin, and had produced various B-chlor-
oethers previously; one plant produced intermediates
and surfactants for the textile industry; and one plant
produced polysulfide rubbers. Air samples were col-
lected by drawing air through Pyrex tubes packed with
Tenax-GC using personnel sampling pumps. Water
samples were collected either as grab samples or inte-
grated 24-hour samples with a peristaltic pump. Soil
and sediment samples were transported in glass can-
ning jars. Air sampling tubes were desorbed with
methanol with a procedure developed at MRC. Water
samples were solvent extracted with methylene chlo-
ride. Soil and sediment samples were Soxhlet extract-
ed with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride
extracts from the water, soil and sediment samples
were each concentrated with a Kuderna-Danlsh evap-
orator to a volume of 2-3 ml.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Ethers, Industrial
wastes, Air pollution, Water pollution, Sediments, Soil
analysis, Gas analysis, Water analysis, Solvent extrac-
tion, Sampling, Sites, Manufacturing, Chemical indus-
try, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Ether/
chloroethyl-ethyl, Ether/chloroethyl-vinyl, Ether/
bis(chloroethyl), Ether/bis(chloropropyl), Methane/
chloroethoxy, Ethane/chloroethoxy.
PB-286 488/6 PC A05/MF A01
Asbestos - A Bibliography,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
James H. Tucker, Philip M. Cook, Gary L. Phipps,
Gertrude N. Stokes, and Paul H. Lima. Jul 78,100p*
EPA/600/3-78/066
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Dept. of Physiology.
The bibliography contains 1,425 references pertaining
to the chemical, physical, biological, and medical prop-
erties and effects of asbestos in our environment. The
bibliography was compiled by the asbestos research
group at the Environmental Research Laboratory-
Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Asbestos, 'Toxicology,
Asbestosis, Respiratory diseases, Occupational dis-
eases, Industrial medicine, Physiological effects,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Amphlboles,
Serpentine, Biological effects, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-286 488/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
On-Slte Production of Activated Carbon from
Kraft Black Liquor. Final rept. Nov 71-Sep 75,
Saint Regis Paper Co., Cantonment, FL.
V. D. Del Bagno, R. L Miller, and J. J. Watkins. Jul 78,
98p EPA/600/2-78/191
Grant EPA-12040-EJU
See also report dated Apr 75, PB-243 246.
A pilot plant was designed and constructed to produce
char via the St. Regis nydropyrolysis kraft chemical re-
covery process and to produce activated carbon from
the char. This report includes discussion of laboratory
and prepilot work, the pilot plant, and presents operat-
ing results. After a period of optimizing feed pretreat-
ment, temperature and pressure conditions in the hy-
dropyrolysis section of the plant, about 22,000 kg of
char was produced for activation. The char was con-
verted to a high quality granular activated carbon
having properties which compared favorably with com-
mercially available carbons. The concept of on-site
production of activated carbon and the use of such
carbon for local effluent treatment has been demon-
strated to be technically sound. The cost of on-site
production of hydropyrolysis activated carbon in quan-
tities required for local effluent treatment is not com-
petitive with commercially available carbons. To
become competitive, the plant would have to supply
carbon for effluent treatment at several locations. To
achieve significantly lower costs would require entry
into market production.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Paper Indus-
try, 'Industrial waste treatment, "Water pollution con-
trol, Black liquors, Char, Pilot plants, Pyrolysis, Design
criteria, Cost estimates, Process charting, Perform-
ance evaluation.
PB-286 502/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Influence of Turbidity on Fish Abundance In West-
em Lake Superior,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior.
William A. Swenson. Jul 78,92p EPA/600/3-78/067
Grant EPA-R-802455
This research project was developed to improve un-
derstanding of the influence of turbidity on fish popula-
tions and the mechanism through which its effects are
induced. Field and laboratory studies emphasized
measurement of behavioral response of fish and re-
sulting changes in fish species interrelationships In
western Lake Superior. Direct effects of red clay turbi-
dity on survival and growth of larval lake herring (Core-
gonus artedii) were also measured. Field meas-
urements demonstrated that light penetration In west-
ern Lake Superior is reduced significantly even at very
low levels of red clay turbidity. Zooplankton and fish
abundance and distribution were Influenced by turbi-
dity. Zooplankton abundance and distribution was
highest near the surface In red clay plumes. Smelt (Os-
merus mordax) move into the upper 12 m of water in
response to turbidity where their predatign on larval
fish Increases. Predation by smelt on larval lake her-
ring was identified as a potentially important factor
contributing to the decline of the formerly abundant
December 1983 515
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
western Lake Superior lake herring population and the
commercial fishery which depended upon it.
Keywords: 'Turbidity, *Fresh water fishes, 'Fishes,
*Lake Superior, Zooplankton, Trout, Herrings, Flat-
fishes, Larvae, Abundance, Survival, Growth, Gradi-
en's, Clay soils, Distribution, Water pollution, Animal
behavior, Responses, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Coregonus artedii, Osmerus mordax,
Stizostedion vitreum, Salvelinus namaycush, Preda-
tion.
PB-286 SOS/3 PC A11 /MF A01
Proceedings: A Workshop on Issues Pertinent to
the Development of Environmental Protection Cri-
teria for Radioactive Wastes Held In Boston, Vir-
ginia on February 3-5,1977.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Feb 78,226p* ORP/CSD-77/1
See also PB-286 506.
The purpose of the workshop was to address in-depth
issues relevant to the development of environmental
criteria for all radioactive waste. The question of stand-
ards for high-level radioactive wastes was also ad-
dressed. Three formal topics were discussed: Ap-
proaches to Radioactive Waste Management Criteria
Development; Risk Considerations of Radioactive
Waste Management; and Long-Term Implications of
Radioactive Waste Management. The information de-
veloped will constitute a major input in development of
criteria by EPA. This input will be used, together with
technical data, to formulate the criteria for radioactive
wastes and specific standards for high level radioac-
tive waste.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Meetings, 'Pollution control, Radioactive waste
disposal, Environmental impacts, Radiation monitors,
Radioactive contamination, Risk analysis, Geology,
Underground disposal, Spent fuels, Transuranium ele-
ments, Radioactive waste storage, Standards, Criteria,
Nuclear power plants, Economic analysis, Mining,
Public health, Mine wastes, Hospital solid wastes, Nu-
clear medicine.
Grant EPA-S-802985
PB-286 506/1
PC A14/MF A01
Proceedings: A Workshop on Policy and Techni-
cal Issues Pertinent to the Development of Envi-
ronmental Protection Criteria for Radioactive
Wastes Held In Albuquerque, New Mexico on April
12-14,1977. Technical note.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Apr 77,318p* ORP/CSD-77/2
See also PB-286 505.
The document begins with a summary and overall as-
sessment of the workshop, which highlights the princi-
pal substantive conclusions that may be drawn from
the working group reports. Under each major topical
heading appears a section of the issues and objec-
tives, and a text of the presentations given by the
speakers. Also contained are a summary and conclu-
sions of each working group; the audience response;
and written statements submitted by other than individ-
ual speakers. Three main topics discussed were: (1)
Policy and technical considerations for high-level ra-
dioactive waste; (2) Policy and technical consider-
ations for intermediate-level and low-level radioactive
waste; (3) Public acceptability of the risk associated
with radioactive waste.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Pollution control,
'Meetings, Management planning, Radioactive waste
disposal, Environmental impacts, Radiation monitors,
Radioactive contamination, Criteria, Risk analysis,
Government policies, Spent fuels, Radium, Radon,
Transuranium elements, Underground disposal, Public
opinion, Standards, Radioactive waste storage, Mine
wastes.
PB-286 610/3 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Implementation of Agricultural Salinity Control
Technology In Grand Valley. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Robert G. Evans, Wynn R. Walker, Gaylord V.
Skogerboe, and Charles W. Binder. Jul 78,211 p EPA/
600/2-78/160
ity control of irrigation return flows in the Grand Valley
of Colorado is presented for the period of 1969 to
1976. Salinity and economic impacts are described for
the Grand Valley Salinity Control Demonstration
Project which contains approximately 1,600 hectares
and involves most of the local irrigation companies in
the Valley. During the eight years of the demonstration
project, 12.2 km of canals were lined, 26.54 km of la-
terals were lined, 16,400 meters of drainage tile were
installed, a wide variety of on-farm improvements were
constructed, and an irrigation scheduling program was
implemented. On-farm Improvements evaluated were
solid-set sprinklers, side-roll sprinklers, drip (trickle) ir-
rigation, furrow irrigation, and automatic cut-back
furrow irrigation. The total value of the constructed im-
provements in the demonstration area was about
$750,000. The total improvements resulted in a salt re-
duction of 12,300 metric tons per year reaching the
Colorado River. This salt reduction results in an annual
benefit to downstream water users of nearly
$2,000,000. In addition, there are benefits to the local
water users with increased crop yields, and to the
people of Grand Valley in increased business.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Grand Valley, Fluid infiltration, Economic im-
pacts, Research projects, Irrigation canals, Salt water,
Drainage, Tile drains, Construction, Scheduling, Im-
provement, Value engineering, Reduction, Inorganic
salts, Colorado River, Farm crops, Colorado, Water
distribution, 'Return flow, Trickle irrigation, Furrow irri-
gation.
PB-286 511/1 PCA09/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Evaluation of Irrigation Methods for Salinity Con-
trol In Grand Valley. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Robert G. Evans, Wynn R. Walker, Gaylord V.
Skogerboe, and Stephen W. Smith. Jul 76,189p EPA/
600/2-78/161
Grant EPA-S-802985
Irrigation return flows in the Upper Colorado River
Basin carry large salt loads as a result of contact with
the saline soils and the marine derived geologic sub-
stratum. The Grand Valley of western Colorado is a
major contributor to the salinity problems of the basin
and is, therefore, a logical region to test the effective-
ness of agricultural salinity control alternatives. This
study emphasized the implementation of on-farm sa-
linity control alternatives; primarily evaluating irrigation
scheduling, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and
trickle irrigation. Border irrigation was also evaluated,
but was not implemented as part of this study. The
cost-effectiveness of the various on-farm alternatives
in the Grand Valley is summarized and presented In
this report.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Grand Valley, Scheduling, Agriculture, Saline
soils, Ditches, Sprinkler irrigation, Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, Surface irrigation, Colorado River
Basin, Subsurface irrigation, Cost effectiveness, Rec-
ommendations, Colorado, 'Return flow, Trickle irriga-
tion, Furrow Irrigation, Border Irrigation.
PB-286 512/9 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
'Best Management Practices' for Salinity Control
In Grand Valley. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Wynn R. Walker, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, and Robert G.
Evans. Jul 78,128p EPA/600/2-78/162
Grant EPA-S-802985
A nontechnical summary of several research activities
in the Grand Valley is given. Analyses of alternative
measures of reducing the salt load originating from the
Valley as a result of Irrigation return flows are present-
ed. These alternatives include conveyance channel
linings, field relief drainage, on-farm improvements
(such as irrigation scheduling, head ditch linings, sprin-
kler and trickle irrigation), economic control measures
such as taxation and land retirement, modified legal
constraints, and collection and treatment of return
flows with desalting systems. The best management
practices for salinity control in the Grand Valley should
be primarily the structural rehabilitation and operation-
al modification of the local irrigation system lying below
the turnouts from the major canal systems. Canal lin-
ings appear in the optimal strategies at higher levels of
valley-wide salinity control emphasis but only so far as
lining the Government Highline Canal is concerned.
Desalting would become a cost-effective alternative
after major irrigation system improvements are imple-
mented.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Grand Valley, Fluid infiltration, Inorganic salts,
Channels(Waterways), Drainage, Farms, Linings, Effi-
ciency, Sprinkler irrigation, Management, Desalting, Ir-
rigation canals, Scheduling, Taxes, Land use, Con-
straints, Cost effectiveness, Colorado, 'Best manage-
ment practices, 'Return flow, Border irrigation, Furrow
irrigation.
PB-286 518/6 PC A05/MF A01
Energy/Environment Fact Book,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Richard Laska. Dec 77,80p EPA/600/9-77/041
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. Assistant Secretary for Policy and
Evaluation.
The report is divided into three major sections: (1)
Standards and Status - Presents those air and water
quality and performance standards which apply to
energy-related pollutants and sources. Also indicates
the status of efforts to control these pollutants. (2)
Energy Sources - Associates environmental impacts
with various energy - related processes and technol-
ogies. Compares alternative fuels, as well as alterna-
tive coal technologies, in terms of emissions. (3) Re-
gional Issues - Presents data on such issues as acid
rainfall, water availability, coal slurry pipelines and oil
spills.
Keywords: 'Energy source development, 'Environ-
mental impacts, Electric power generation, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Water consumption, Coal mining,
Petroleum, Uranium, Coal preparation, Coal gasifica-
tion, Fossil fuels, Public health, Radiation hazards, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Carbon dioxide, Sulfur oxides, Oil pollu-
tion, Slurry pipelines, Graphs(Charts), Statistical data,
Tables(Data), Western coal.
PB-286 520/2 PC A18/MF A01
Development Document for the Effluent Limita-
tions and Guidelines for the Ore Mining and
Dressing Point Source Category. Volume I. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Baldwin M. Jarrett, and Ronald G. Kirby. Jul 78,424p*
EPA/440/1-78/061D
To establish effluent limitation guidelines and stand-
ards of performance, the ore mining and dressing in-
dustry was divided into 41 separate categories and
subcategories for which separate limitations were rec-
ommended. This report deals with the entire metal-ore
mining and dressing industry and examines the indus-
try by ten major categories: iron ore; copper ore; lead
and zinc ores; gold ore; silver ore; bauxite ore; ferroal-
loy-metal ores; mercury ores; uranium, radium and va-
nadium ores; and metal ores, not elsewhere classified
((ores of antimony, beryllium, pltinum, rare earths, tin,
titanium, and zirconium). The subcategorization of the
ore categories is based primarily upon ore mineralogy
and processing or extraction methods employed; how-
ever, other factors (such as size, climate or location,
and method of mining) are used in some instances.
With the best available technology economically
achievable, facilities in 21 of the 41 subcategories can
be operated with no discharge of process wastewater
to navigable waters. No discharge of process
wastewater is also achievable as a new source per-
formance standard for facilities in 21 of the 41 subca-
tegories.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Metal Industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Industrial waste treatment, Beneflciatlon,
Heavy metals. Mine waters, Surface water runoff,
Ground water, Suspensions, Geology, Chemical com-
position, Sampling, Dissolving, Iron ores, Copper ores,
Lead ores, Zinc ores, Bauxite, Aluminum Industry,
Gold, Radium, Tin ores, Antimony, Beryllium, Silver,
Uranium ores, Titanium ores, Zirconium ores, Vanadl-
516 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
urn, Platinum, Standards, Guidelines, Mineral industry,
Path of pollutants, Point sources.
PB-286 S21/0 PC A22/MF A01
Development Document tor the Effluent Limita-
tion* and Guidelines for the Ore Mining and
Dressing Point Source Category. Volume \f. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Baldwin M. Jarrett, and Ronald G. Kirby. Jul 7B, 518p*
EPA/440/1-78/061E
This document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the ore mining and dressing Industry, for the
purpose of developing effluent limitations guidelines
for existing point sources and standards of perform-
ance and pretreatment standards for new sources, to
implement Sections 304, 306 and 307 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended in 1977 by
the Clean Water Act, P.L. 95-217. Effluent limitations
guidelines are set forth for the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable through the application of the best
practicable control technology currently available
(BPCTCA) and the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able through the application of the best available tech-
nology economically achievable (BATEA) which must
be achieved by existing point sources. The standards
of performance for new sources are set forth for the
degree of effluent reduction which is achievable
through the application of the best available demon-
strated control technology, processes, operating
methods, or other alternatives.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Metal industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Industrial waste treatment, Beneficiation,
Heavy metals, Mine waters, Surface water runoff,
Ground water, Suspensions, Geology, Chemical com-
position, Sampling, Dissolving, RocK mechanics, Un-
derground mining, Percolation, Grouting, Guidelines,
Standards, Mineral industry, Path of pollutants, Point
sources.
PB-286 526/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Fate of 3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne In Aquatic Environ-
ment*. Final rept. Oct 76-Dec 77,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Life Sciences Div.
Harish C. Sikka, Henry T. Appleton, and Sujit Banerjee.
Jul 78,60p EPA/600/3-78/068
want EPA-R-804584
Several aspects of the aquatic environmental fate of
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), a suspected human car-
cinogen, were examined. Greater than 95% of dlchlor-
pbenzidine present was adsorbed to natural pond and
Jake sediments In aqueous suspensions. Only a por-
tion of the adsorbed chemical could be extracted from
the sediments, with this amount decreasing over time,
suggesting chemical reaction of DCB with sediment
constituents. Dichlorobenzidine was rapidly degraded
py natural and artificial light In aqueous solution, with a
naif-life of the order of 90 seconds In natural sunlight.
Monochlorobenzldlne and benzldine were found to be
intermediate products of-this process. In contrast, DCB
appeared recalcitrant to degradation by naturally oc-
curring aquatic mlcroblal communities with only a
(finer loss of chemical detected over a 30-day Incuba-
«on period. Dichlorobenzidine was rapidly bio-concen-
trated In blueglll sunfish, with mortality occurring prior
'0 establishment of a chemical equilibrium between
water and fish. Bioconcentration factors of 132-554
were achieved at this point. The only metabolite de-
tected in the fish was an acid-labile conjugate of DCB.
Based on these observations, chemical and physical
Processes, rather than biological ones, appear to be
the important factors governing the fate of DCB in the
aquatic environment. The ability of DCB to concentra-
tion in aquatic organisms may pose a direct hazard to
human health through consumption ol contaminated
"Bh.
Keywords: 'Sediments, Decomposition, Food chains,
oipaccumulatlon, Water pollution, Public health, Dyes,
Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical analysis,
^oncentratton(CompO8ition), Transport properties,
i-akes, Photolysis, Fresh water fish, Metabolism, Plg-
Jjants, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Adsorption,
Benzldine/dichloro, 'Water pollution
eflectsfAnlmals), Path of pollutants, Bluegllls.
PB-286 555/8 PC A10/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Considerations of Health Benefit-Cost Analysis
for Activities Involving Ionizing Radiation Expo-
sure and Alternatives. Technical rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Advisory
Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radi-
ations.
1977,2040 EPA/520/4-77/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -2230
The report deals with development of methodology for
the health benefit-cost analysis of activities that result
in radiation exposure to humans. It attempts to frame
the problems and to communicate the necessary ele-
ments of the complex technical process required for
this method of analysis. The main thrust of the report is
to develop a methodology for analyzing the benefits
and costs of these activities. Application of the meth-
odology Is demonstrated for nuclear power production
and medical uses of radiation, but no definitive analy-
sis is attempted. The report concludes that benefit-
cost analysis can be effectively applied to these appli-
cations and that it provides a basis for more informed
governmental decision-making and for public partici-
pation in evaluating the issues of radiation exposure. It
notes, however, that for cases where national policy is
involved, decisions must inevitably be made on the
basis of value judgements to which such analyses can
make only limiteoTcontributions. An important conclu-
sion is that a significant reduction in radiation exposure
to the population is apparently achievable by develop-
ment of methods for eliminating unproductive medical
X-ray exposure.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Ionizing radiation,
'Health physics, 'Radiation effects, Exposure, Devel-
opment, Methodology, Recommendations,
Law(Jurisprudence), Tables(Data).
PB-286 560/8 PC A99/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Management of Small Waste Flows. Final rept. Jul
71-Jun 77.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Sep 78,809p* EPA/600/2-78/173
Grant EPA-R-802874
This report Is a compilation of laboratory and field in-
vestigations conducted at the University of Wisconsin
since 1971. As its primary objective, the research pro-
gram was to conceive, evaluate and develop satisfac-
tory methods for the on-site treatment and disposal of
wastewaters, regardless of the site constraints. The
studies were subdivided into several categories Includ-
ing characterization of household and commercial
wastewaters, assessment of wastewater treatment al-
ternatives, evaluation of soils for.treatment and dispos-
al of wastewater, estimation of Inflltratrve capacities of
soils, design and operation of alternative systems de-
pendent upon soil design and operation of alternative
systems not dependent upon soil, management of on-
site disposal systems and institutional and regulatory
control of on-slte systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Constraints, Law(Jurisprudence), Residential build-
Ings, Waste water, Industrial wastes, Assessments,
Soil properties, Microbiology, Sand filtration, Septic
tanks, Cost analysis, Sanitation, Fluid infiltration,
Design, Operations, Management, Bacteria, Sites, Al-
ternative planning.
PB-286 564/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Contributed Papers on Coastal Ecological Charac-
terization Studies, Presented at the Biennial Inter-
national Ettuarlne Research Federation Confer-
ence (Fourth), Held at Mt. Pocono, Pennsylvania
on 2-5 October 1977,
National Coastal Ecosystems Team, NSTL Station,
MS.
James B. Johnston, and Lee A. Barclay. Apr 78,73p
FWS/OBS-77/37
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Devel-
opment.
The six papers are: (1) Coastal Ecological Character-
izatlon~An Overview; (2) Ecosystem Characterize-
tlon-An Approach to Coastal Planning and Manage-
ment; (3) Evaluation of Methodology Used in Ecologi-
cal Characterization of the Chenier Plain; (4) User-Ori-
ented Conceptual Modeling in the Ecological Charac-
terization of the Sea Island and Coastal Plains of South
Carolina and Georgia; (5) The Construction of a Con-
ceptual Model of the Chenier Plain Coastal Ecosystem
in Louisiana and Texas; (6) Maine Coast Characteriza-
tion User's Guide.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, Ecology,
Mathematical models, Evaluation, Chenier Plain, Sea
Island, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas,
Maine, Ecosystems.
PB-286 666/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Investigation of Remote Sensing Techniques for
Agricultural Feedlot Pollution Detection,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Remote Sensing
Inst.
Fred A. Schmer, Dennis W. Ryland, and Fred A. Waltz.
Dec 73,178pSDSU-RSI-72-14, EPA/670/4-73/002
Grant EPA-16020-FPH
This research effort was directed toward the applica-
tion of remote sensing techniques to the detection and
monitoring of pollution from cattle feeding operations.
Five livestock feeding operations were selected for the
study along the James River from Huron to Redfield,
South Dakota. Thirteen aerial missions were flown
from January 1,1971 through June 30,1972, providing
aerial photography and thermal infrared data under
various weather conditions. Water samples were col-
lected during nine of the aerial flights at fourteen river
locations. Water samples were collected a minimum of
every three weeks on a regular schedule to allow inde-
pendent analysis of the water quality data. Data analy-
sis consisted of visual interpretation of aerial photogra-
phy and statistical analysis of film densities and water
quality parameters. Film densities were read at the lo-
cation of the fourteen water sampling sites and corre-
lated with the water quality parameters. Analysis of
variance and linear regression techniques were also
utilized. Results indicated that remote sensing tech-
niques utilizing low and high altitude aircraft photogra-
phy can be used to locate potential feedlot pollution
sources.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock, 'Remote
sensing, 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Cattle, James
River, Aerial photography, Infrared mapping, Water
quality, Analysis of variance, Regression analysis,
Weather, Color photography, Runoff, Aerial photo-
graphs, South Dakota, Utility aircraft, 'Feedlot wastes,
Redfleld(South Dakota).
PB-286 571/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
The Vertical Planar Motion Mechanism; A Dynamic
Teat Apparatus for Evaluating Current Meters and
Other Marine Instrumentation,
National Ocean Survey, Rockvllie, MD. Teat and Eval-
uation Lab.
A. N. Kalvaltls. Jul 78,47p EPA/600/7-78/145
The overall objective was to provide a dynamic test ap-
paratus that can produce known, controlled high fre-
quency dynamics for the evaluation of current meters
and other marine instrumentation. Of primary Interest
is the establishment of flow sensor measurement ca-
pabilities, and hence, data quality in an unsteady flow
environment The culmination of this development is a
Vertical Planar Motion Mechanism (VPMM) that gener-
ates three major modes of dynamics-vertical circular,
vertical and horizontal-at length scales from .15 to
1.22 meters and time scales from 5 to 12 seconds. The
VPMM mounts on a tow carriage which provides the
steady velocity while the VPMM superimposes oscilla-
tory motions on full size current meters. The VPMM is
instrumented such that the Instantaneous velocities of
the test sensors and their outputs may be measured at
a 20Hz sampling rate; an cm-board computer allows for
near-real time data analysis. This report describes the
development, and wet acceptance testing of the
VPMM using several types of current sensors, includ-
ing an electromagnetic and acoustic variety. Current
sensor dynamic response Is also documented. No del-
eterious Interactions were noted between the VPMM
and the test Instruments; the VPMM performance was
within specifications for all conditions investigated.
December 1983 517
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Flowmeters, 'Test facilities, Model basins,
Towed bodies, Dynamic tests, Towing vehicles, Error
analysis, Data acquisition, 'Oceanographic equip-
ment, Current meters, Vertical planar motion mecha-
nisms.
PB-286 607/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Watar Reuse In a Wet Process Hardboard Manu-
facturing Plant. Final rept. 23 Jan 76-22 Jut 77,
Superior Fiber Products, Inc., Wl.
Richard L. Coda. Jul 78,56p EPA/600/2-78/150
Grant EPA-S-804306-01
Superior Fiber Products, Inc., a manufacturer of
smooth on one side wet process hardbcird, undertook
a project to eliminate any discharge of process water
through a program of increasing process water reuse.
All but wash up water and some pump seal leak water
discharges were eliminated. White water total solids
concentration went from 1% to about 7%. Physical
properties of the hardboard were watched closely
during the close up process. Water absorption and
linear expansion of the board increased after close up.
Close up of the process reduced chemical usage.
Board strength problems were eliminated through con-
trol of the white water temperature. Slower drainage of
the stock was countered by formation line alterations.
Some remaining draw backs to the system are a
darker board color and overall reduced cleanliness of
the mill.
Keywords: 'Paperboards, "Water pollution control,
'Paper mills, Waste water, Industrial waste treatment,
Quality control, Cost analysis, Physical properties,
Manufacturing, 'Waste water reuse.
PB-286 611/9 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Evaluation of Banco Industrial Boiler Scrub-
ber System at Rlckenbacker AFB. Final rept. Mar
76-Jun 77,
Research-Cottrell, Inc., Bound Brook, NJ.
E. L. Biedell, R. J. Ferb, G. W. Malamud, C. D. Ruff, and
N. J. Stevens. Jun 78, 226p EPA/600/7-78/115
Contract F33617-75-90100
A comprehensive test program which characterized
the paniculate removal, sulfur dioxide removal, operat-
ing costs, maintenance costs, waste product proper-
ties operating experience and capacity of a size 50 R-
C/Bahco scrubbing system installed to treat flue gas
from coal fired boilers at Rickenbacker AFB, Colum-
bus, Ohio, was completed. Tests were conducted over
an 18 month period during which 27,216 tons of coal
were burned. The results from this program demon-
strate that this system is capable of controlling both
particulate and sulfur dioxide emissions from the com-
bustion of high sulfur (2-4%) mid-Western coal at firing
rates from 20 MM to 200 MM Btu/hr. A cost of $4.27
per ton for optimum operation with limestone was pro-
jected. Waste product properties relative to dewater-
Ing handling and disposal were found to be similar to
those measured for other FGD waste products.
Keywords: 'Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Electric power plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, Flue
gases, Boilers, Particles, Cost analysis, Performance
evaluation, Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal, Op-
erating costs, Performance tests, Partlculates, Station-
ary sources, Limestone scrubbing, Coal fired power
plants, Venturi scrubbers, Rlckenbacker Air Force
Base.
PB-286 627/5 PC A13/MF A01
Indexed Bibliography of Office of Research and
Development Reports. Rept. for 1967-1874.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jul 74,277p EPA/600/9-74/001
This bibliography is a current listing of the Office of Re-
search & Development's final reports on in-house,
grant, contract, and Interagency projects. Reports are
indexed by Title, Program Area (subject), Performing
Organization, Personal Author, Report Number, and
Grant, Contract, or Interagency Agreement Number to
aid the reader in identifying reports of interest. Instruc-
tions on how to order copies of reports are on the
inside of the front cover.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Technical reports, Re-
search projects, Indexes(Documentation), Corporate
authors, Information retrieval, Library science.
PB-286 628/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development and Demonstration of Concapta for
Improving Coke-Oven Door Saala. Interim rept. Aug
76-Jul 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. 0. Hoffman, A. T. Hopper, and R. L. Paul. Aug 78,
123p EPA/600/2-78/189
Contract EPA-68-02-2173
See also report dated Jul 75, PB-245 580.
The report gives pre-engineering analyses, evalua-
tions, and recommendations in an ongoing research
project dealing with the development of a retrofittable
concept for minimizing emissions from door seals on
coke ovens. It includes evaluations drawn from tasks
dealing with mathematical and physical modeling, and
from a task dealing with field-data collection and field
experiments. Based on these results, the recommend-
ed metal-to-metal sealing system Includes: a simpli-
fied-shape seal, a new improved procedure for mount-
ing and adjusting seals, and high-strength heat-resist-
ant materials. Limited experiments with luting com-
pounds were encouraging. If developed further, this
might be an attractive alternative, particularly for older
batteries.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Air pollution control,
'Seals(Stoppers), Doors, Ovens, Mathematical
models, Design, Retrofitting, Stationary sources.
PB-286 629/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Larval Fish Distributions In Southwestern Lake
Erie Naar the Monroe Power Plant. Rept. for 1 Apr
76-1 Apr 78,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
Richard A. Cole. Jul 78,76p EPA/600/3-78/069
Grant EPA-R-804517-010
This paper presents and discusses studies of larval
fish distribution near a large power plant on western
Lake Erie using methods that attempt to account for
the confounding effect of environmental variation on
technique effectiveness. Distributions in the coastal
zone were sampled with daytime and nighttime tows of
1-m plankton nets. Density and mortality were also
sampled in the cooling system of the Monroe Power
Plant. Certain species of larvae seemed to be more
vulnerable to entrainment than others: gizzard shad
were more vulnerable than yellow perch, white bass,
rainbow smelt, shiners (Notropis) carp and goldfish.
Keywords: 'Entrainment, 'Fishes, 'Intake systems,
'Lake Erie, Distribution(Property), Electric power
plants, Cooling water, Larvae, Vulnerability, Perch,
Bass, Carp, Fresh water fishes, Mortality,
Reproduction(Biology), Environmental impacts, Diur-
nal variations, Michigan, Ohio, Monroe Power Plant.
PB-286 634/1 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Impact of Proposad Amendments to
Watar Pollution Regulations, R77-12, Docket A.
Final rept
Harza Engineering Co., Chicago, IL.
Jun 78,1 lOp IIEQ-78/23
The proposed amendments to the Water Pollution
Regulations identified as 'Docket A' of the IEPA Pro-
posal R77-12 consist of several definition changes,
the addition of a new definition, modifications to cer-
tain rules, and the addition of a new rule. To facilitate
the assessment and discussion of these numerous
and diverse amendments, they were grouped into five
categories as listed below: (1) Sewer and Sewage
Definition Changes, (2) Combined Sewer Regulations
Changes, (3) Secondary Contact Water Quality Stand-
ard Changes, (4) Dilution Ratio Definition, and (5) Im-
plementation Plan Changes. These amendments and
the significant benefits and costs resulting from them
are summarized. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: "Economic Impact, 'Regulations, 'Water
pollution, Standards, Assessments, Sewers, Water
quality, Dilution, Benefit cost analysis, Revisions, Iron
and steel industry, Combined sewers, Solids, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Illinois.
PB-286 635/8 PC A10/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Chemistry and Physics Lab.
Limited SO2 and NOX Measurements In St. Louis,
1974: Volume I - Plume Tracking by Correlation
Spactroscopy. Final rept.,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., San Francisco,
CA.
Roger B. Sperling, and William Vaughan. Feb 75, 216p
EPA/650/2-75/005-A
Contract EPA-68-02-1851
A Barringer COSPEC spectrophotometer was used to
measure the total overhead burden of SO2 and N02 In
the St. Louis urban plume and In the plumes of specific
power plants in the St. Louis area. This information
was combined with meteorological data to calculate
SO2 fluxes in the plumes. A flame photometric sulfur
monitor was used to determine ground level SO2 con-
centrations at points of plume touchdown. The data is
presented in detailed maps and also in tabular form.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen dioxide, Plumes, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Sites, Mis-
souri, Laboratory equipment, 'Saint Louis(Missouri),
'Air quality data, 'Air pollution sampling, Correlation
spectrometers, Flame photometry.
PB-286 646/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Carbide Lime to Identify Sul-
flta Oxidation Inhibitors. Final rept. Sep 77-Jul 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
L. J. Holcombe, and K. W. Luke. Sep 78,79p EPA/
600/7-78/176
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of a study of carbide lime-a
by-product of acetylene manufacture, primarily calcium
hydroxide-used in a flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system at Louisville Gas and Electric (LGE). The study
was undertaken to: identify sulfite ion oxidation inhibi-
tors in carbide lime, and develop an analytical method
for sulfite that avoids the interferences observed in
analyzing scrubber liquors from LGE's FGD system.
Thiosulfate was identified as the oxidation inhibitor in
carbide lime; it was also identified (along with other re-
duced sulfur species) as a source of interference in the
iodine tltration method used at LGE for sulfite analysis.
Bench-scale tests verified the presence of thiosuffate
as a major inhibition to sulfite oxidation in simulated
scrubber liquors. This means that the low oxidation
rate (e.g., that reported at LGE with carbide lime) re-
sults in a greatly reduced tendency to calcium sulfate
(gypsum) scaling, therefore a greatly improved FGD
system reliability. The amount of thiosulfate required
for scale-free scrubber operation is unknown. Howev-
er, to bring the thiosulfate level of commercial lime up
to that found in carbide lime would cost $1.50 per ton
of lime (using sodium thiosulfate pentanydrate at $12
per 100 pounds). The ion chromatograph was found to
be the best analytical tool for determining sulfite con-
centrations In carbide lime liquors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Sulfltes, 'Oxidation, Flue gases, Inhibitors,
Chemical analysis, Volumetric analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Gas chromatography, X ray diffraction, In-
frared spectroscopy, Assessments, Sulfates, Thlosul-
fates, Calcium oxides, 'Carbide lime.
PB-286 647/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Ramota Monitoring of Coal Strip Mlna Rehabilita-
tion. Final rept. 1 Jul 75-31 Dec 76,
Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Remote Sensing Lab.
James E. Anderson, and Charles E. Tanner. Jul 78,
71pEPA/600/7-78/149
Contract EPA-68-03-2636
This report discusses the accomplishments of the
Phase I Operations of the EPA/NASA joint project and
also compares the results of manual photo-interpreta-
tion and automated data analysis conducted during
this phase. Also included in this report are the results
518 Vol. 83, NO. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of a feasibility study to use Landsat data for performing
a regional land-cover classification of a portion of the
Powder River Basin area in northeastern Wyoming,
where there are numerous coal strip mines. (Color il-
lustrations reproduced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Strip mining, "Remote sens-
'"81 Monitors, Aerial photography, Photogrammetry,
Photointerpretation, Land reclamation, Land use, Pol-
lution, Environmental impacts, Data processing, Geo-
logic maps, Digital data transmission, Vegetation,
Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Ground truth, landsat
satellites, Multiband spectral reconnaissance.
PB-286 651/6 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on 1975
•nd 1976 Light-Duty Vehicles In Detroit, Michigan,
Olson Labs., Inc., Livonia, Ml.
Robert Gafford, and Richard Carlson. May 77,233p
EPA/460/3-76/032
Contract EPA-68-03-2379
A study of exhaust emissions from 100 consumer*
owned 1975-1976 model-year light-duty vehicles
equally represented by the big three manufacturers
was performed by Olson Laboratories, Inc., in Livonia,
Michigan to determine the relationship of emissions to
we maintenance condition of the vehicles. All vehicles
were tested using the 1975 Federal Test Procedure.
Additional emission tests were conducted including
Highway Fuel Economy Tests and several short-cycle
tests. Each vehicle was tested initially in the as-re-
ceived condition. Various stages of restorative mainte-
nance and retesting were then performed in an at-
tempt to bring vehicles which failed the emission
standards into compliance. Selected vehicles were
also subjected to a series of specified maladjustments
or disablements in order to evaluate the individual and
combined effects of these conditions on emissions
and fuel economy.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composltlon), Michigan, 'Light duty ve-
hicles, *Detroit(Michigan), ^Automobile exhaust, Fed-
eral test procedures, Emission factors.
1*6-286 659/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Guideline* for Preparing Environmental Tsst
Plans for Coal Gasification Plant*. Final rept. May
78-Dec 77,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
«• C. Page, W. E. Corbett, and W. C. Thomas. Jul 78,
187p EPA/600/7-78/134
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report outlines a philosophy and strategy for pre-
paring environmental assessment sampling and analy-
sis (test) plans. Five major points of test plan develop-
roent are addressed: (1) defining the test objectives,
(<| performing an engineering analysis of the test site,
(3) developing a sampling strategy, (4) selecting ana-
lytical methods, and (5) defining data management
Procedures. The Important considerations involved in
Bach area are discussed in relation to three types of
environmental tests: (1) waste stream (Levels 1,2, and
3), (2) control equipment, and (3) process stream char-
acterization. Specific sampling and analytical methods
are presented, with numerous references cited for
more detailed information.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Guidelines, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Air pollution. Tests, Sampling, Monitoring,
Process charting, Design criteria, Chemical analysis,
Management planning, Gas analysis, Bioassay,
Water pollution detection, 'Air pollution detection,
Procedures.
£8-286 688/7 PC A04/MF A01
Total Energy Consumption for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Robert Smith. Aug 78,52p* EPA/600/2-78/149
Quantities of all forms of energy consumed for collec-
tion and treatment of municipal wastewater are esti-
mated. Heat energy is equated to electrical energy by
a conversion factor of 10,500 Btu/kwh. Total energy
consumption, expressed as kwh/mg of wastewater
treated, ranges from 2300-3700 kwh/mg. Energy used
for construction of the treatment plant and the
seweage system represents 35-55% of the total
energy consumed. The remainder used for plant oper-
ation is predominately (65-75%) electrical energy. The
use of high efficiency aeration devices combined with
good maintenance practices appears to offer the best
opportunity for conservation of energy within the plant.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Energy consumption,
'Electric power demand, Industrial plants, Packaged
sewage plants, Sludge disposal, Sludge digestion,
Space heating, Buildings, Construction, Heat recovery,
Electric power consumption.
PB-286 691/1 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Advisory Report on the Health Effects of Radium
226 In Drinking Water.
Illinois Univ., at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
Jun78,82p'IIEQ-77-12
Both human and animal studies have been done to ex-
amine the health effects of 226Ra. Although radium
has several different isotopes, this document is primar-
ily concerned with 226Ra. Only a few of the available
animal studies on the effects of 226Ra are useful in
the consideration of the effect of low doses of 226Ra.
The limited usefulness of such studies Is due to the
small number of animals tested, and the single, high or
unknown doses used. Those studies which have yield-
ed useful results indicate 226Ra causes bone cancer
at least at high doses. While the results of the study
were not statistically significant, (equivocal), they did
point to the possibility that those using such drinking
water do have higher rates of bone cancer than others.
The young (under eight years) seem to be particularly
susceptible to the effects of 226Ra.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Radioactive isotopes,
•Radium, 'Radiation effects, 'Health physics,
Humans, Water pollution, Bones, Radiation dosage,
Malignant neoplasms, Metabolism, Physical proper-
ties, Exposure, Populations, Risk, Recommendations,
Public health, Laboratory animals, Experimental data,
Tables(Oata), 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Drinking water, Cancer, Environmental health, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Biological effects, Health
risks.
PB-286 692/9 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Identification and Initial Evaluation of Irrigation
Return Flow Models,
Irrigation Hydrology Co., Fort Collins, CO.
Wynn R. Walker. Jul 78,134p EPA/600/2-78/144
GrantEPA-R-804515
A broad-based literature review was undertaken to
identify studies that had yielded digital computer
models applicable to Irrigation return flow (IRF) sys-
tems. The programs not listed In technical reports or
papers were requested from the various authors. The
results of this work are 43 computer models applicable
all or In part to the analysis of IRF's and their quality. A
brief evaluation of each model is given.
Keywords: Mathematical models, 'Irrigation, Reviews,
Evaluation, Water quality, Soil water, Evapotranspira-
tion, Soil chemistry, Identifying, Soil profiles. One di-
mensional flow, Rainfall, Time series analysis, 'Return
flow.
PB-286 703/4 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Dlv.
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on 1975
and 1976 Light-Duty Vehicles In San Francisco,
California.
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter. CA.
Oct 77.243p EPA/460/3-78/033
Contract EPA-68-03-2439
A study of exhaust emissions was performed In West-
minister, California, to determine the relationship of
emissions levels to the maintenance condition of the
vehicles. The test fleet consisted of 100 San Francisco
area consumer-owner 1975-1976 model-year passen-
ger cars equally represented by the three major U.S.
automobile manufacturers. All vehicles were tested
using the 1975 Federal Test Procedure. Additional
tests included Highway Fuel Economy Tests and sev-
eral short-cycle tests. Each vehicle was tested initially
In the as-received condition. Various stages of restor-
ative maintenance and retesting were then performed
in an attempt to bring failing vehicles into compliance
with 1975/1976 California standards. Selected vehi-
cles were also subjected to a series of specified mal-
adjustments or disablements in order to evaluate the
individual and combined effects of these conditions on
emissions and fuel economy. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Passenger vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions,
Inspection, Maintenance, Checkout equipment, Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Failure, California, Light duty vehicles, General
Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler
Corporation, 'Corrective maintenance, Computer
aided analysis, San Francisco(California).
PB-286 70S/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Study of Feasibility of Herbicide Orange Chlorine-
Diamond Shamrock Corp., Painesvllle, OH. T. R.
Evans Research Center.
Edgar A. Lavergne. Jul 74,76p* EPA/600/2-74/006
Contract EPA-68-01-0457
A process termed chlorinolysls (exhaustive chlorina-
tion) was applied to samples of USAF Herbicide
ORANGE. The ORANGE (50/50 volume mixture of the
n-butyl esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T) contained a pro-
duction impurity called dioxin - a powerful teratogen.
The research objective was to demonstrate the feasi-
bility of converting such herbicides into marketable
products, namely, carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), car-
bonyl chloride (COCI2), and hydrogen chloride (HCI),
while destroying any dioxin present. Bench scale (100
g/hr) chlorinolysls of ORANGE was evaluated over a
range of reactor conditions. The critical reaction pa-
rameters were found to be: chlorine to carbon ratio
(4.4 - 7.2); temperature (600 - 800 deg C); pressure
(225 - 300 psig); and retention time (0.5 -1.0 minute).
thermodynamlc analysis had indicated that CCI4, hex-
achlorobenzene (HCB), and chlorine (CI2) would exist
in equilibrium at the reaction conditions utilized. Be-
cause of the balance required between reaction rate
(reactor size) and HCB content of the effluent, i
of unconverted HCB from the product recovery <
was found to be necessary. Recycle tests inc
that single pass HCB conversion rates of 80% could
be realized.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Chemical industry, Feasibil-
ity, Samples, Markets, Carbon tetrachloride, Hydrogen
chloride, Oxygen organic compounds, Phosgene,
Thermodynamics, Economics, Distillation, Toxicology,
Residues, Process charting. Design criteria, 'Herbi-
cide orange, 'Chlorinolysis, Dloxln.
PB-286 706/7 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the U.S. Geological Survey Labora-
tory, Atlanta, Qsorgla,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncin-
natl.OH.
Robert L. Booth. Jul 78,20p EPA/600/7-78/137
An on-slte evaluation was made of the capabilities of
the U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory at Atlanta,
Georgia. Particular emphasis was placed on determin-
ing their ability to meet the monitoring requirements
connected with their contractual efforts with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. This monitoring is a
major part of the Environmental Protection Agency's
quality assurance program In support of energy-related
activities in the eastern United States. Overall, water
analyses for parameters related to the broad areas of
chemistry, organlcs and pesticides, and aquatic biol-
ogy are being conducted by approved sampling/pres-
ervation techniques and laboratory methods, specific
reommendatlons for areas of Improvement are given.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water analysis. Monitor-
Ing, Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composltion),
Georgia, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Quality
assurance, Aquatic biology, Blomass,
Atlanta(Georgla).
December 1983 519
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-286 707/5 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD Survey: April-May 1978. Periodic
rept. Mar-Jul 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
B. Laseke, M. Melia, M. Smith, and W. Fischer. Sep 78,
139p EPA/600/7-78/051C
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also PB-279 011.
The report is an updated supplement to EPA-600/78-
051 a (PB-279 011) and should be used in conjunction
with It. It presens a survey of utility flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) systems in the U.S., summarizing informa-
tion contributed by the utility industry, process suppli-
ers, regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering
firms. Systems are tabulated alphabetically, by devel-
opment status (operational, under construction, in
planning stages, or terminated operations), by utility
company, by process supplier, by process, by waste
disposal practice, and by regulatory class. It presents
data on system design, fuel sulfur content, operating
history, and a actual performance. It discusses prob-
lems and solutions associated with the boilers and
FGD systems. Process flow diagrams and FGD system
economic data are appended to the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electric
power plants, 'Environmental surveys, 'Flue gases,
Performance evaluation, Tables(Data), Limestone,
Process charting, Design criteria, Scrubbers, Electro-
static precipitators, Particles, Plant location, Site sur-
veys, Feedback control, Sulfur dioxide, Electric utili-
ties, Cost analysis, Boilers, Magnesium oxides, Coal,
Sludge disposal, *Flue gas desuffurization.
PB-286 724/0 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Air and Hazardous Materials Div.
Nevada Paniculate Control Study for Air Quality
Maintenance Areas. Reno and Las Vegas Urban
Areas. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
George A. Jutze, John M. Zoller, Kenneth Axetell, and
Robert Livingston. Mar 77,531p EPA/909/9-77/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Dept. of Human
Resources, Carson City.
To evaluate the non-attainment of total suspended
paniculate (TSP) standards in the Clark-Mohave-Yuma
(Las Vegas) and Northwest Nevada Intrastate (Reno)
Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR's), six Task Re-
ports were prepared, me Task A, B, and C Reports
Identified and quantified the major contributing
sources. Strategies to control these sources were pre-
sented In the Task D/E Reports. A weighing factor was
developed in Task F to account for the disparity be-
tween mineral emissions and mineral loadings on high-
volume sampler filters. The control strategies were
then evaluated using the Hanna-Gifford diffusion
model. Results showed that the TSP standards can be
met in the Reno AQCR with adoption of the proposed
street cleaning program, while the TSP standards will
be exceeded In the Las Vegas AQCR even with adop-
tion of the proposed strategies.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Particles, Monitoring, Data
analysis, Particle sizes, Inventories, Mathematical
models, Regulations, Concentration(Composition),
Sources, Sites, Nevada, Tables(Data), Air pollution
control, Standards, Regions, 'Total suspended parti-
cles, 'Air quality, National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards, Emission factors, Numerical solution, Las
Vegas(Nevada), Reno(Nevada).
PB-286 742/2 PC A02/MF A01
The Computerized Ecosystem. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Wayland R. Swain. 1978,3p EPA/600/J-78/037
Pub. in Natural History, Aug/Sep 78 p95-96.
A generalized discussion of mathematical simulation
used on the Great Lakes Is presented for the layman.
Illustrations of model utilization are presented and the
complexities of ecosystem simulation are noted.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, Mathemat-
ical models, Utilization, Anoxia, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Temperature, Simulation, 'Eutrophication.
PB-286 74S/S PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Inatream Flow Strategies for Washington. Final
rept.,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, Shirley Wilsey, and Joe
Solomon. May 78,115p FWS/OBS-78/46
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-276 243, and report
dated May 78, PB-286 746. Prepared in cooperation
with Enviro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
This is one of 13 reports that Identifies and evaluates
the most promising institutional methods for reserving
instream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
select the most important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
tailed narrative description of the procedures for imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how it has
been employed in the state.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
law, 'Washington(State), Water rights, Legislation, Re-
search projects, Licenses, Allocations, Leasing, Fi-
nancing, Construction, Water storage, Reservoirs,
Planning, State government, National government,
Water distribution, Evaluation, Western Region(United
States), 'Instream flow, Low flow.
PB-286 746/3 PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service. Fort Collins. CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Instream Flow Strategies for South Dakota. Final
rept,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Joe Solomon. May
78,104pFWS/OBS-78/44
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-276 243, and report
dated May 78, PB-285 982. Prepared in cooperation
with Enviro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
This is one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
the most promising institutional methods for reserving
instream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
select the most important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
tailed narrative description of the procedures for Imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how It has
been employed In the state.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
law, 'South Dakota, Water rights, Legislation, Re-
search projects, Licenses, Allocations, Leasing, Fi-
nancing, Construction, Water storage, Reservoirs,
Planning, State government, National government,
Water distribution, Evaluation, Western Region(Unlted
States), 'Instream flow, Low flow.
PB-286 771/1 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Impact of a Proposed Regulation Delet-
ing the Dissolved Iron Standard, R76-21. Final
rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dept. of Thermal
and Environmental Engineering.
Charles B. Muchmore. Jun 78,37p IIEQ-78-02
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-266 101.
Among several proposed amendments to the Illinois
Pollution Control Board Water Pollution Regulations
(Chapter 3) requested by the Illinois Institute for Envi-
ronmental Quality on November 23, 1976 (PCBR76-
21), is a proposal to delete the current dissolved Iron
effluent standard of 0.5 mg/l from Rule 408(a) (5). The
recommendation was proposed by the Illinois Effluent
Standards Advisory Group (IESAG) in the document
Evaluation of Effluent Regulations of the State of Illi-
nois (12). This study addresses the extent to which
point sources contribute to total and dissolved iron in
Illinois waters, and reviews the environmental con-
cerns of excessive concentrations of dissolved and
total iron.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Illinois, 'Iron, 'Water
pollution control, 'Regulations, Standards, State gov-
ernment, Concentration(Composition), Cost analysis,
Point sources.
PB-286 772/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
The Economic Impact of Revised Qaseous Emis-
sion Regulation* for Commercial Aircraft Engine*,
Logistics Management Inst., Washington, DC.
C. F. Day, and H. E. Bertrand. Jan 78,128p
Contract EPA-68-01-4647
The EPA has proposed the revision of the gaseous
emission regulations first promulgated in 1973 (40
CFR Part 87) for several classes of aircraft engines. A
draft notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) was
prepared and circulated informally outside EPA in the
late summer of 1977. This report presents the results
of an economic impact analysis of the proposed stand-
ards as they apply to commercial aircraft engines.
Keywords: 'Commercial aircraft, 'Aircraft engines,
'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution abatement, Eco-
nomic analysis, Jet engines, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Air pollution control, 'Air-
craft exhaust, 'Engine modification, 'Retrofitting.
PB-286 794/3 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Wheel Alignment on Rolling Resist-
ance - A Literature Search and Analysis. Technical
support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John Yurko. Jul 78,13p LDTP-78-12
With the vital need to conserve the nation's resources,
there is an increasing demand for vehicle fuel econo-
my. One factor that may considerably affect fuel con-
sumption is tire rolling resistance. This report analyzes
the effect of toe-in and toe-out on rolling resistance,
based on the road load results of an EPA test program.
It also correlates these results with the results of slip
angle vs. rolling resistance data, found in the existing
literature. Then a survey of vehicle safety Inspections1
is used to approximate the number of vehicles in a mis-
aligned state, and finally an estimate of the effect on
fuel economy is discussed.
Keywords: 'Vehicle wheels, 'Alignment, 'Rolling fric-
tion, Tires, Fuel consumption, Suspension
systems(Vehicles), 'Wheel slip, Wheel toe In, Wheel
toe out.
PB-286 796/8 PC A06/MF A07
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Our Reclamation Future, the Misting B«t on
Trees. Final rept.,
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale. Dept. of Botany.
W. Clark Ashby, Clay Kolar, and Mary L. Guerke. Jan
78, 108p'IIEQ-78/04
The authors have found many reasons to recommend
tree planting as a desirable reclamation alternative.
The data base is a survey conducted in 1976 of tree
plantings thirty years old on mined lands. These plant-
ings were experimental plots established by the strip-
mine research unit of the USDA Forest Service in 1 947
or later in cooperation with the coal industry, plus
some coal company plantings. In the survey the au-
thors measured 13.236 on 134 plots and took 785 soil
samples. The success of tree planting for reclamation
reported in earlier studies was sustained and en-
hanced over a thirty-year period. The total area pres-
trees planted by the
st years, and volunteer trees such as
naturally on the fresh min-
eral-rich soils.
ance over a ry-year pero.
ently In forest represent 18 million tr
coal industry in past years, and volun
cottonwood which come in naturally
Keywords: 'Coal mines, "Surface mining, 'Land recla-
mation, 'Trees(Plants), Planting, Government policies,
Legislation, Regulations, Wildlife, Forestry, Soil prop-
erties, Illinois, Socioeconomlcs.
520 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-286 800/8 PC AM/MF A01
Operational Control Procedure* for the Activated
Sludge Process. Part I - Observations. Part II -
Control Tests. Final rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Alfred W. West. Mar 78, 193p EPA/430/1-78/016
Supersedes PB-258 593, PB-258 268, PB-231 598,
PB-228 742, and PB-228 741. Revision of report dated
May 74.
This is a series of technical reference materials on the
process control of activated sludge. It describes acti-
vated sludge process procedures based on sludge
Quality and solids inventory. It consists of the following
Parts: Observations and Control Tests, I and II. The
study describes the interpretation of process status
end requirements from physical observations; and
control tests used for process control. Calculation Pro-
cedures, III-A. It describes the calculations used with
the control test results to develop the necessary proc-
ess status and control decision information. Calcula-
jton Procedures for Step-feed Process Responses, III-
B. Also It describes the special calculational proce-
dures required for the step-feed configuration on the
activated sludge process. The report provides an up-
dated summary of the operational control procedures
with new material on sludge quality and process con-
trol and expanded versions of return sludge flow con-
trol which considers most types of sludges encoun-
tered in actual practice.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Flow control, 'Process control, 'Aeration
Tanks, Quality, Solids, Mixing, Turbulence, Test equlp-
Jjent, Computation, Process variables, Purification,
Odors, Sludge, Colors(Materials), Clariliers, Settling,
Organic loading.
g»-288 801/6 PC A06/MF A01
F»h and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
energy and Land Use Team.
[fatream Flow Strategies for Montana. Final rept.,
tnviro Control, Inc., Rockvllle, MD.
™ayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Joe Solomon. May
£8, nap' FWS/OBS-78/39
wantDI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046.
This is one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
j™ most promising institutional methods for reserving
•wtream flows to benefit fish and wildlife In each of 13
western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
*ona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
twee main sections. First Is a guide to help the reader
•wect the most important strategy for any given sttua-
*>n, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
•nethod has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
ple-
the strategy and an example of how It
•wen employed in the state.
[keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
«*. 'Montana, Water rights, Legislation, Research
R°lects, Licenses, Allocations, Leasing, Financing,
Construction, Water storage, Reservoirs, Planning,
jftate government, National government, Water dlstrt-
Jjrtwn, Evaluation, Western RegionfUnited States),
'nstream flow, Low flow.
!*-286 802/4 PC A04/MF A01
™x»8 Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Impact of Change In pH Regulation,
|y«-21. Final rept.,
p.uff (Linda L), La Grange Park, IL.
|Jnda L. Huff, and John Raevuor. May 78, 70p IIEQ-78-
Peoulatory proposal R76-21 which is being considered
tyjhe Illinois Pollution Control Board, Includes a revi-
*»p of the present effluent pH standard of 5.0 to 10.0
wms to a more restrictive limitation of 6.0 to 8.0 units,
* be met at all times without averaging. This change
youW achieve uniformity with U.S. EPA effluent guide-
s''^ 'or which the economics and technology have
Unwell established.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, *pH, 'Regulations,
Water pollution control, 'Illinois, Cost analysis, Stand-
ffj*, Benefit cost analysis, Comparison, Technology,
a«ate government, Water quality.
PB-286 826/3 PC A00/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A Compendium of Lake and Reservoir Data Col-
lected by the National Eutrophlcatlon Survey In
the Western United States.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Sep 78,171 p WORKING PAPER-477
See also report dated Nov 75, PB-248 894. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Morphometric, limnological, and nutrient loading data
are summarized for 153 lakes and reservoirs studied
during 1974-1975 by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's National Eutrophication Survey. The
water bodies for which data are summarized are locat-
ed in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wash-
ington, and Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Surveys, Inorganic phos-
phates, Inorganic nitrates, Bioassay, Primary biological
productivity, Water quality, Drainage, Lakes, Reser-
voirs, Nutrients, Tables(Date), 'Water quality data,
•Western ReglonfUnrted States), Eutrophication.
PB-286 829/7 PC A06/MF A01
Reconnaissance Study of Final Cut Impound-
ment*. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
James P. Glbb, and Ralph L. Evans. Jun 78,107p
IIEQ-78-25
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Water
Survey, Urbana.
Based on published water quality requirements and
data collected during this study, only 2 of the 12 lakes
studied have water quality suitable as a source for
public water supply. Three are suitable for irrigation
and all 12 are suitable for livestock watering. However,
the quality of water from these impoundments Is trea-
table and often comparable to the quality of alternative
water sources. Each lake should be evaluated more
closely In terms of yield, quality, and the economics of
development as compared with other available water
resources.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, 'Water quality, 'Water
supply, 'Lakes, Potable water, Irrigation, Livestock,
Evaluation, Yield, Economic factors, Illinois.
PB-286 830/5 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Fate and Impact of Pentachtorophenol In • Fresh-
water Ecoaystem. Final rept. Jul 75-Nov 77,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattlesburg. Inst. of
Environmental Science.
Richard H. Pierce, Jr. Jul 78,74p EPA/600/3-78/063
Grant EPA-R-803820
The Investigation was undertaken to determine the
fate of pemachlorophenol (PCP) that caused exten-
sive fish kills in a freshwater lake in December 1974
and again In December 1976. The kills resulted from
the accidental release of wood-treating wastes con-
taining PCP In fuel oil. Food chain relationships were
Investigated In the lake and the accumulation and
elimination of sublethal concentrations of dissolved
PCP was studied under laboratory conditions for the
blueglll (Lepomls macrochirus). The highest concen-
trations of PCP In fish were observed in the bile fol-
lowed by liver, gill*, and muscle. Lake sediment and
leaf litter contained high concentrations of PCP
throughout the two-year study. Studies of leaf litter
from the contaminated water shed area showed It to
be a source for chronic pollution of the aquatic ecosys-
tem.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Water pollution,
Fresh water fishes, Lakes, Food chains,
Concentration(Compositk>n), Tissues(Blology), Real-
dues, Degradation, Sampling, Distribution, Recom-
mendations, Solubility, •Phenol/pentachloro, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals), Ecosystems, Bloaccumula-
tion, Lepomls macrochirus, Blueglll, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental persistence.
PB-286 838/2 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical and Physical Effect* of Municipal Land-
fill* on Underlying Soil* and Qroundwater. Final
rept. Jun 75-Dec 75.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
May 78,156p EPA/600/2-78/096
Three municipal landfill sites in the eastern and central
United States were studied to determine the effects of
the disposal facilities on surrounding soils and ground-
water. Borings were made up the groundwater gradi-
ent, down the groundwater gradient and through the
landfill. Soil and groundwater samples from trie test
borings were examined. Qroundwater samples were
analyzed chemically. Soil samples were tested phys-
ically and distilled water extracts and nitric add digests
of the soils were analyzed chemically. Qroundwater
samples from under and downgradlent from the landfill
showed elevated levels of sulfate in every case. At
some sites increased levels of nitrate, total organic
carbon and cyanide could be related to the presence
of the landfill. Distilled water extracts prepared from
soil samples showed consistently low levels for all
soluble constituents. Generally, there was more sul-
fate, chloride, organic carbon, nitrate and higher level*
of trace metals in extracts of soils from under the land-
fill than from soils collected at similar depths outside
the landfill. Nitric acid digests of soil samples showed
great variability in chemical composition. At two of the
three sites; iron, manganese, boron, beryllium and zinc
were found in higher concentrations in nitric add di-
gests Immediately under the landfill. The results of this
Investigation indicate that chemical characteristics;
but, not physical characteristics were altered in sub-
landfill soils. Removal of pollutant* from leachate
through the action of soil was observed for only a very
limited number of pollutants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfill*,
'Water pollution, 'Soils, Groundwater, Leaching, Sam-
pling, Fluid flow, Cyanides, Tables(Data), Carbon, Sul-
fates, Chemical analysis, Water pollution sampling,
Path of pollutants.
PB-286 839/8 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
An Economic Analysis of Phoaphorou* Control
and Other Aspects of R76-1. Final rept.,
Economic Evaluation Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL
James E. Ciecka, Robert G. Fabian, Daniel S. Merilatt,
and Thomas J. Murphy. Jun 78,125p IIEQ-78-16
Prepared In cooperation with De Paul Univ., Chicago,
On January 6,1976, the Illinois Environmental Protec-
tion Agency proposed an amendment to the Water
Pollution Control Regulations (Chapter 3) which: (1)
deletes the general water quality standard for phos-
phorus of O.OS mg/l, and (2) adds a new effluent
standard for phosphorus (1.0 mg/l) for discharge* af-
fecting lakes and reservoirs of 20 acres or larger. In
addition, the proposed amendment would change cer-
tain portions of the effluent standard* to make them
compatible with the National Pollution Discharge Elimi-
nation System (NPDES). These latter change* are
largely administrative, with no significant environmen-
tal or economic consequences. The proposed regula-
tory action was designated as PCB R78-1 (Appendix
A), and was published in the 'Environmental Register'
no. 118, January 27,1976.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Phosphorus, *IIHnot»,
'Water pollution control, 'Regulations, Costs, Environ-
mental Impact, Limnology, State government, Stand-
ards, Eutrophication, Land use. Numerical solution,
National pollutant discharge elimination system.
PB-286 845/3 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Bibliography of CNV and Other Stow Potential* of
the Brain. Rept. for Aug 72-May 76,
Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby (British Columbia). Brain
Behaviour Lab.
Jon F. Peters. Jun 78,92p EPA/600/1-7B/042
The scope of research on event-related stow poten-
tials (ERSPs) of the brain has expanded rapidly during
the past decade. Environmental toxicology Is but one
of many applied or clinical disciplines which routinely
employ ERP methods In the Investigation of health
effect problem*. This list of reference* constitute* part
3 In a comprehensive series of bibliographies compiled
December 1983 521
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
by Dr. Jon F. Peters on CNV and other slow potentials.
This bibliography essentially covers the period from
1973 through early 1976. It contains over 700 refer-
ences listed alphabetically. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Bibliographies, *Brain, "Central nervous
system, Electroencephalography, Psychopathology,
Motor reactions, Psychoneuropharmacology, Pharma-
cology, Psychophysiology, Humans, Behavior, Electro-
physiology, Neurology, Psychiatry, Author indexes,
Evoked potentials, "Contingent negative variation.
PB-286 848/7 PC A04/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of Weighted-Criteria,
Probablllty-of-Use Curve tor Instream Flow As-
eetemente: Fisheries,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Coopera-
tive Instream Flow Service Group.
Ken D. Bovee, and Tim Cochnauer. Dec 77,51 p FWS/
OBS-77/63, IFIP-3
See also PB-286 849.
This information paper documents the methods and
procedures used in the construction of probability cri-
teria curves. Weighted criteria are used to assess the
Impacts of altered streamflow regimes on a stream
habitat. They are developed primarily for those habitat
parameters most closely related to stream hydraulics:
depth, velocity, substrate, and temperature. Guidelines
for data collection, analysis and curve development
are discussed.
Keywords: "Fisheries, "Environmental impacts,
"Stream flow, Assessments, Hydraulics, Probability
theory, Frequency distribution, Substrates, Optimiz-
ation, Ecology, Temperature, Depth, Particle size,
Evaluation, Trout, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), "In-
stream flow, Habitats, Bioindicators.
PB-286 849/5 PC A05/MF A01
Probablllty-of-Uae Criteria for the Family Salmonl-
dee,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Coopera-
tive Instream Flow Service Group.
Ken D. Bovee. Jan 78, 91 p FWS/OBS-78/07, IFIP-4
See also PB-286 848.
The report gives the probabillty-of-use criteria for the
hydraulic parameters of depth, velocity, substrate and
temperature for the family Salmonidae. It is intended
as a companion document to Instream Flow Informa-
tion Paper No. 3, 'Development and Evaluation of
Weighted Criteria, Probabiiity-of-Use Curves for In-
stream Flow Assessments: Fisheries,' which describes
the techniques used to construct and criteria used to
evaluate aach set. Data on the following species are
presented: Coho salmon, sockeye salmon, kokanee,
Chinook salmon, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, steel-
head, brown trout, brook trout, and mountain whitefish.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Fisheries,
•Stream flow, Hydraulics, Ecology, Probability theory,
Assessments, Depth, Velocity measurement, Sub-
strates, Temperature, Fresh water fishes, Salmon,
Eggs, Trout, Life cycles, Graphs(Charts), dope, Sedi-
ments, Reproductlon(Biology), Curves(Graphs), 'In-
stream flow, 'Salmonidae, Habitats.
PB-286 871/9 PC A04/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Natural Resource Geographic Data Bases for
Montana and Wyoming,
Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc., Fort Col-
lins, CO. Information Systems Technical Lab.
Larry Salmen, James Gropper, John Hamill, and Carl
Reed. Sep 77, 71 p FWS/OBS-77/55
Contract DM 4-16-0008-2155
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-
600029.
The report documents the results of a survey of over
400 existing geographic data bases covering Montana
and Wyoming. The data bases sun/eyed include auto-
mated and nonautomated data relating to 12 physical,
biological and economic factors which are of potential
value to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Region 6) as
well as other Federal and state natural resource plan-
ners. The 12 factors were soils, geology, climate,
vegetation, land use, ownership, topography, socio-
economics, wildlife resources, water resources, miner-
al industry plans and land management plans. Each of
the 400 data bases were evaluated in terms of subject,
format, area of coverage, data vintage, spatial resolu-
tion, range of data reliability, cast and method of acqui-
sition.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Natural resources,
'Montana, 'Wyoming, Fishes, Wildlife, Soils, Geology,
Climate, Vegetation, Land use, Water resources, To-
pography, Tables(Data), 'Geographic information sys-
tems, 'Data bases, Socioeconomic factors, Mineral in-
dustries, Land management.
PB-286 872/7 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
An Economic Impact Study of Pertlculate Emis-
sion Standards for Combustion of Low Carbon
Wastes (R77-5). Final rept.,
Marder and Associates, Springfield, IL.
Sidney M. Marder. Jun 76,106p IIEQ-7B-06
Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation owns and op-
erates a facility for the production of reproduction print
paper for use In the engineering industry. One of the
lop-
it
paper for use'In the engineering industry. One of the
operations undertaken at this facility is the incineration
of liquid waste products. A problem arises in that the
wastes which are incinerated have a very low carbon
content. This report analyzes the cost and benefits of
the proposed regulation R77-5. (Appendix B details
long as i
are met. The proposed regulation is also so narrow as
to almost certainly limit its applicability to the Addres-
sograph-Multigraph incinerator.
Keywords: 'Incineration, 'Industrial wastes, Govern-
ment policies, Regulations, Legislation, Benefit cost
analysis, Risk analysis, Combustion products, Carbon
dioxide, Particles, Air pollution control, Illinois, "Air pol-
lution sampling, "Liquid waste disposal, Particulates.
PB-286 877/6 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
Jun 78,356p USGS/WRD/HD-78/035, USGS/WDR/
MI-77/1
See also PB-277 942.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water temperature of ground water. This report con-
tains discharge records for 195 gaging stations; stage
only records for 1 gaging station; stage and contents
for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 77 continu-
ous-record stations, 21 partial-record stations and 7
lakes; and water levels for 45 observation wells. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating state and Federal agencies in Michigan.
Keywords: "Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Michigan, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Row rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
'Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-286 878/4 PC A1S/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nevada, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Carson City, NV. Water Resources
Div.
Apr 78,335p USGS/WRD/HD-78/009, USGS/WDR/
NV-77/1
See also PB-265 441.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Nevada consist of records of discharge and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This
report contains discharge records for 120 gaging sta-
tions; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs;
water-quality data for continuing-record stations at 27
stream sites and for partial-record stations at 8 stream
sites, 2 lake sites, and 15 wells; and water levels for
165 observation wells. Also included are 106 crest-
stage partial-record stations and 13 low-flow partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurement. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies in Nevada.
Keywords: "Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Nevada, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Water levels,
"Water quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-286 880/0 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania, Water
Year 1977. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 75-30 Sep 76.
Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 78, 373p USGS/WRD/HD-78/031, USGS/WDR/
PA-77/1
See also Volume 1,1976 PB-271 723.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground water. This report contains
discharge records for 82 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
34 gaging stations, 41 partial-record stations, and
water levels for 16 observation weils. Also included are
42 crest-stage partial-record stations and 38 low-flow
partial-record stations. These data represent that part
of the National Water Data System collected by the
U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and
Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Water
quality, "Pennsylvania, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Delaware River Basin,
'Low flow, 'Water quality data, 'Water levels, 'Peak
discharge, 'Hydro-logic data
PB-286 890/9 PC A03/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Map Indexing System User's Manual,
Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc., Fort Col-
lins, CO. Information Systems Technical Lab.
Larry Salmen, James Gropper, John Hamill, and Carl
Reed. Mar 78, 32p FWS/OBS-78/64
Contract DM 4-16-0008-2155
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-
600089.
The manual describes the map indexing system (MIS)
component of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Ge-
ographic Information System. It explains how spatially
related data which is used and needed by the Fish and
Wildlife Service can be catalogued and filed in a com-
prehensible, partially manual, partially automated, li-
brary system. The manual contains a general overview
of MIS components, directions on using the MIS to
evaluate data bases, and suggestions on where to
search if data are not in the system. An appendix pro-
vides examples of system commands.
Keywords: "Maps, 'Indexing, Data bases, Information
systems, Geography, Manuals, Computer program-
ming, Wyoming, Montana.
PB-286 893/3 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Labs., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sludge Dewaterlng and Drying on Sand Beds.
Final rept. 1 Jun 67-1 Apr 77,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Donald Dean Adrian. Aug 78,196p EPA/600/2-78/
141
Grant EPA-WP-01239
Dewatering of water and wastewater treatment
sludges was examined through mathematical model-
522 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing and experimental work. The various components of
the research include: (1) chemical analyses of water
treatment sludges, (2) drainage and drying studies of
sludges, (3) a mathematical model to describe sludge
drainage and drying on sand beds, and (4) a procedure
to optimize the size of sand beds. Computer simulation
studies were conducted of wastewater and water
treatment sludges. The output of this 20-year simula-
tion under six weather conditions was a random vari-
able, the required dewatering time, and its associated
frequency distribution. Of the parameters describing
sludge characteristics, solids content had the most im-
portant effect on dewatering time. Economic analyses
were applied to the outputs of simulation for finding an
optimum system design.
Keywords: 'Sludge drying, 'Dewatering, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Mathematical models, Sands, Computer-
ized simulation, Solids, Cost analysis, Optimization,
Design, 'Land disposal, Sand beds.
f B-286 905/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Quittance Manual for Minimizing Pollution from
Waste Disposal Site*. Final rept,
Martin (A. W.) Associates, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
Andrew L Tolman, Antonio P. Ballestero, Jr., William
W. Beck, Jr., and Graver H. Emrlch. Aug 78,95p*
EPA/600/2-78/142
Contract EPA-68-03-2519
This manual provides guidance in the selection of
available engineering technology to reduce or elimi-
nate leachate generation at existing dumps and land-
fills. The manual emphasizes remedial measures for
use during or after closure of landfills and dumps which
do not meet current environmental standards. Most of
the techniques discussed in the report deal with the re-
duction or elimination of infiltration into landfills in one
of five categories, active groundwater or plume man-
agement, chemical immobilization of wastes, and ex-
cavation and reburial. The technology presented is
widely used in construction but has not necessarily as
Vet been applied to landfill closure.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, 'Leaching, 'Sanitary landfills, Groundwater,
Surface waters, Plumes, Excavation, Drainage, Fluid
^filtration, Linings, Barriers, Sealing, Vegetation,
Chemical stabilization, Contours, Cost estimates,
Clays, Bentonite, Water table.
PB-286 908/9 PC A03/MF A01
Druses In Watte, Renovated and Other Waters,
>*72 Literature Abstracts.
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
°H. Advanced Waste Treatment Research Lab.
Gerald Berg, and F. Dianne White. Jun 73,28p EPA/
670/2-73/003
See also report for 1971, PB-213 476.
The volume comprises the abstracts of the published
Papers and books on viruses in waste, renovated, and
other waters for 1972.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Viruses, 'Waste water,
Sewage treatment, 'Sewage, Abstracts, Polioviruses,
°ooks, Chlorination, Enteroviruses, Survival, Adenovir-
U8es, Circulation, Rivers, Disinfection, Potable water,
Shellfish, Electroosmosis, Hepatitis, Sludge, Cox-
•ackie viruses.
JJB-286 911/3 PCA14/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
°—'on VIII.
-—t Handbook: Managing Growth In the Small
Community. Final rept.,
twscoe, Maphis, Murray and Lament, Inc., Boulder,
ijames A. Murray, and William Lament, Jr. Jul 78,
°'7p* EPA/908/4-78/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -3579
J"he Action Handbook is designed to be a detailed how
J°_ manage manual for small communities undergoing
rjaclng the prospect of accelerated growth. The rec-
Promendattons and prescriptions may be of particular
'"'erest to small Rocky Mountain communities facing
2pW growth due to the surge In energy development
^nvitles. However, the authors consider the material
{'"'jo for a much broader range of communities In
*"na of both size and of the causes of growth. The
handbook is divided into three parts for the reader's
convenience. Part I is intended to give an overview of
the community management process and to assist the
user in estimating how development of a certain type
might affect the community's needs for various public
services, such as police officers, sewage treatment ca-
pacity, park land, etc. This part should be of interest to
all those who wish to understand potential community
impact, and especially those who would Initiate com-
munity management and organization. Part II deals
with approaches to getting the community involved
and organized. It suggests a working model for the
community organizers. Part III focuses on community
action and growth management. This part will be of
greatest Interest to those closely involved in making
government work to manage growth.
Keywords: 'Community development, 'Handbooks,
Rural areas, Rocky Mountain, Economic impact,
Social effect, Police, Parks, Sewage treatment, Urban
planning, Growth, Local government, Citizen participa-
tion, Management, Small communities, Energy source
development, Public services.
PB-286 920/4 PC A07/MF A01
Upgrading Trickling Filters. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Donald M. Pierce. Jun 78,139p' EPA/MCD-42, EPA/
430/9-78/004
Trickling filters offer advantages of lower energy needs
and relative ease of operation. This report presents
operating results from more than 100 existing trickling
filter treatment plants and makes some general obser-
vations concerning the overall successful performance
of these systems. While the report Is not a complete
analysis of these types of systems, it does indicate
that, when property designed, constructed and operat-
ed, trickling filters are an alternative which is worthy of
further consideration in meeting the discharge require-
ments of the law. The basic thrust of the report is that
trickling filters, often in combination with other treat-
ment techniques, should be considered for new facili-
ties as well as for continued use in plants where they
presently exist.
Keywords: 'Trickling filtration, 'Sewage treatment,
Plant location, Filters, Performance evaluation, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Tables(Data), Process
charting, Chemical removal(Sewage treatment),
Sewage filtration, Comparison.
PB-286 921/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Visibility In the Northeast. Long-Term Visibility
Trends end Visibility/Pollutant Relationships. In-
terim rept. Oct 77-Apr 78,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
R. B. Husar, John Triionls, and Kung Yuan. Aug 78,
96p EPA/600/3-78/075
Grant EPA-803896
Prepared by Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica,
CA.
The historical data base pertinent to visibility in the
Northeast is analyzed. The data base includes ap-
proximately 25 years of airport visibility observations
and more than 10 years of NASN partlculate meas-
urements. The Investigation covers existing visibility
levels, long-term trends In visibility, and visibility/pollut-
ant relationships. Visibility In the Northeast is rather
poor, median visual range being on the order of 10
miles. Visibility is not now substantially better in nonur-
ban areas than in metropolitan areas of the Northeast.
From the middle 1950's to the early 1970's, visibility
exhibited only slight trends in large metropolitan areas
but decreased on the order of 10 to 40% at suburban
and nonurban locations. Over the same period, visual
range declined remarkably during the third calendar
quarter relative to other seasons, making the summer
now the worst season for visibility. The decrease in
visibility during the summer was especially notable at
suburban and nonurban locations, where atmospheric
extinction apparently increased on the order of 50 to
150% during the third calendar quarter. Regression
models based on daily variations In visibility and pollut-
ant concentrations indicate that sulfate aerosol Is the
single major contributor to haze in the Northeast. Sul-
fates apparently account for approximately 50% of
total extinction.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Aerosols, Trends,
Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition),
Sulfates, Particles, Northeast Region(United States).
PB-286 922/0 PC A04/MF A01
Economic Impact of Proposed Amendments to
Chromium Effluent Standards In Illinois (R76-21).
Final rept,
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Linda L. Huff. Jun 78,70p IIEQ-78/08
Prepared by Huff (Linda L.), Chicago, IL.
As a result of a review by the Illinois Effluent Standards
Advisory Group (IESAG) of the Illinois water pollution
regulations, several modifications of pollutant levels
were recommended. As part of R 76-21, the effluent
levels of hexavalent, trivalent, and total chromium
were proposed. The basis of the proposed change Is
the presumption that the standard can be attained by
using 'good conventional technology at no significant
incremental increase In treatment costs.' The change
In the chromium effluent standard will result in more
stringent levels of control which would reduce the
quantity of chromium discharged to the environment.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Chromium, 'Water
pollution, 'Illinois, Standards, Toxicity, Electroplating,
Metal finishing, Cost analysis, Benefit cost analysis,
'Water pollution standards, Water quality.
PB-286 923/8 PC A02/MF A01
Maee Spectrometrlc Analysis and Characteriza-
tion of Kepone In Environmental and Human Sam-
ples. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. L Harless, D. E. Harris, G. W. Sovocool, R. D. Zehr,
and N. K. Wilson. 15 Jun 77,8p EPA/600/J-78/043
Pub. in Biomed. Mass Spectrometry, v5 n3 p232-237
1978.
A specific portion of our environment has been con-
taminated with Kepone, or chlordecone. Additionally,
some specific human exposures to high concentra-
tions of Kepone have been confirmed. Gas chroma-
tography mass Spectrometry involving chemical ioniza-
tion ana high resolution mass Spectrometry were used
to detect, identify and confirm the presence of
Kepone, Kepone photoproducts and a reduction prod-
uct of Kepone in environmental and human samples.
Field desorption, field ionization and electron impact
mass spectrometric methods, as well as infrared and
nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to
characterize and identify Kepone hydrate and hemike-
tal in benzene and methanol solutions, respectively.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys,
'Chemical analysis, 'Biological extracts, Mass spec-
troscopy, Gas cnromatography, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Samples, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
Humans, 'Kepone, Reprints.
PB-286 924/6 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compilation of Level 1 Environmental Assess-
ment Data. Final task rept. Sep 77-Jun 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. H. Gaskins, and F. W. Sexton. Oct 78,504p EPA/
600/2-78/211
Contract EPA-68-02-2156
The report gives currently available chemical data from
19 Level 1 environmental assessment studies, com-
piled in standard format. The data are organized within
each study by the analytical technique used to gener-
ate them. Inorganic data generated by spark source
mass spectroscopy (SSMS), atomic absorption (AA),
gas chromatography (GC), chemiluminescence for
oxides of nitrogen, anion analysis, and aqueous analy-
sis precede organic data generated by GC for C1-C6/
C7 or C7-C17, liquid chromatographic (LC) fractiona-
tion, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and low resolution
mass spectroscopy (LRMS). Each study is summa-
rized, followed by the data generated in that study. The
studies are organized by Industrial type: chemically
active fluldlzed bed combustor, coal-fired boiler, coal-
fired power plant, new energy source, coke production,
electric arc furnace, fluidized bed combustor, home
heater multi-source source, ocean incinerator, oil
burner, and textile. The report documents sampling
and analytical techniques that were used which are not
December 1983 523
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
specified in Level 1. It also Includes trends and anoma-
lies that were detected In the 19 studies.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Compositton), Assessments, Industrial
westes, Combustion products, Furnaces, Textile in-
dustry, Burners, Incinerators, Boilers, Coking, Trends,
Inorganic compounds, Organic compounds, Fluidized
bed processing, Electric power plants, Sources, Sam-
pling, Fugitive emissions, Chemically active fluidlzed
bed process, Coal fired power plants.
PB-286 926/1 PC A11 /MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analysis of State Laws and Regulations Impacting
Animal Waste Management. Final rapt. SS Sep 76-
15 Jan 78,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources Center.
George A. Whetstone, Bruce M. Kramer, Dan M.
Wells, William J. Huffman, and Ralph H. Ramsey. Jul
78,235p* EPA/600/2-78/155
Grant EPA-R-804878
See also report dated Jan 74, PB-257 754.
Those laws and regulations of the fifty states which
have an Impact on the management of animal wastes
are summarized, state-by-state, under the headings
water, solid waste, air, commercial feed and fertilizer,
agriculture, nuisance, soil and water conservation, and
land use. The code provisions are then compared and
the actual and potential effects of the codes on the
economics of animal agriculture, on planning under
Section 208 of P.L. 92-500, on the refeeding of
manure, and on animal residue conversion processes
are discussed in separate sections. Reasonableness
and enforceability of the codes are evaluated.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, *Law
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Gas analysis, 'Gas de-
tectors, Electric power plants, Chemical analysis, Mon-
itors, Field tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sampling, Calibrating, Laboratory equipment,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Trace ele-
ments, Air pollution, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Stationary sources.
PB-286 940/2
PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
UM of Solar Energy to Heat Anaerobic Digester*.
Part I. Technical and Economic Feasibility Study.
Part II. Economic Feasibility throughout the
United State*. Feasibility study 5 Nov 75-1 Jun 76,
environmental Systems, Inc., Annapolis, MD.
Jess W. Malcolm, and David E. Cassel. Jul 78, 99p
EPA/600/2-78/114
Contract EPA-68-03-2356
Two distinct, yet related studies were conducted to de-
termine the technical and economic feasibility of using
solar energy as the source of heat for the anaerobic di-
gestion process. Retrofitting a solar energy collection
and heat transfer system to a digester at Annapolis,
Maryland was proven feasible in the first part of the
study and the concept of using solar energy for digest-
er heating throughout the United States, including Fair-
banks, Alaska, was shown to be economically feasible
in the second part of the study. The Part I study com-
pared five (5) types of flat plate collectors and selected
the cost effective design to supply approximately 90
Percent of the heat load to maintain digester operating
temperatures of 32C to 38C. Three flat plate collectors
01 varying efficiencies were evaluated for use at nu-
merous locations in the United States. The study
showed that optimum-sized flat plate collectors can
Provide from 82 to 97 percent of the total annual di-
gester heat, the higher percentages being applicable
to areas of higher solar radiation. The Part II study de-
veloped specific guidelines for determining the opti-
mum size and conceptual design for a solar heating
system for any size sludge digester at any location.
Keywords: "Sewage sludge, "Anaerobic processes,
Solar heating, 'Digesters, 'Sludge digestion, Sewage
treatment, Solar collectors, Flat plate collectors, Stor-
age tanks, Heat exchangers, Computer programs,
economic analysis, Geography, Design, Feasibility,
Computerized simulation, Energy conservation,
Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal.
P>286 941/0 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical Analysis of Stationary Source Partlcu-
*w Pollutants by Micro-Raman Spactroscopy. In-
terim rept. Apr 76-Mar 77,
Rational Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Ana-
Peal Chemistry Div.
edgar S. Etz, Gregory J. Rosasco, and Kurt F.
HeTnrich. Aug 78, 44p EPA/600/2-78/193
Analytical capability to Identify the principal molecular
frfcles present in microparticles is demonstrated on
J* basis of Raman spectra of selected compounds
•"a materials. Among the Inorganic species studied
Sf« sulfates, nitrates, carbonates and oxides, for which
Jjarnan spectra are discussed for single, solid particles
S size down to 1 micrometer. The method of micro-
£*man analysis Is applied to the molecular character-
Ration of individual microparticles from power plant
fissions. Raman spectra have been obtained from
IT'cropartlcles of oil-fired power plant emissions coi-
fed by the EPA with cascade impaction samplers.
••nadium pentoxide, V205, has been identified as a
Jjjftior component of microparticles present In such
e8. The presence of certain other vanadium con-
species such as vanadyl, VO(+2), and ortho-
ate, VO4(-3). is not indicated from the results of
measurements. Other Raman spectra show evi-
e of crystalline sulfate, SO4(-2), as a species
freser« in major proportions. However, the exact
-r«w,o9 aimw naniau uanuo uiicHauiansuL ui poiy-
rraalHne graphite apparently due to the presence of
^"oonaceous material associated with the particles.
fawords: 'Gas analysis, 'Particles, 'Raman spec-
y, chemical analysis, Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
F.J.
, ates, Oxides, Electric power plants, In-
jj-stnal wastes, Combustion products, vanadium
" Fly ash, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Air pollution, Stationary sources, 'Coal fired
power plants, 'Oil fired power plants, 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB-286 943/6 PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land
Use Team.
Instream Flow Strategies for Oregon. Final rept.,
Enviro Control, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Wayne Nelson, Gerry Horak, and Shirley Wilsey. May
78,124p* FWS/OBS-78/43
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2121
See also report dated Oct 77, PB-276 046.
This Is one of 13 reports that identifies and evaluates
the most promising institutional methods for reserving
Instream flows to benefit fish and wildlife in each of 13
western states. The states included in the study are Ar-
izona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,
Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Each report has
three main sections. First is a guide to help the reader
select the most important strategy for any given situa-
tion, followed by a summary evaluation of how well the
method has worked in the state. The third part is a de-
tailed narrative description of the procedures for imple-
menting the strategy and an example of how it has
been employed in the state.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Stream flow, 'Water
law, 'Oregon, Water rights, Legislation, Research proj-
ects, Licenses, Allocations, Leasing, Financing, Con-
struction, Water storage, Reservoirs, Planning, State
government, National government, Water distribution,
Evaluation, Western RegionfUnited States), 'Instream
flow, Low flow.
PB-286 94S/1 PC A06/MF A01
Inorganic Species In Water Ecological Signifi-
cance and Analytical Needs. A Literature Review,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Thomas B. Hoover. Jul 78,108p* EPA/600/3-78/064
Representative studies of the environmental signifi-
cance of Inorganic species (as opposed to total-ele-
ment content) In water are reviewed. The effects of
chemical forms on human health and on plant and
animal life, and the roles of valence state, ionizatlon,
complexatlon, and adsorption in the transport and cy-
cling of elements are considered along with factors af-
fecting the distribution of elements and species In
freshwater streams and impoundments, In estuaries,
and in the sea. Information on the chronic effects on
human health of trace inorganic pollutants In water is
almost entirely limited to total elements because of ar
inability to distinguish among forma of an element The
elements of greatest concern with respect to the toxlc-
Ity of different species are arsenic, chromium, lead,
mercury, and selenium. In the toxicology of aquatic
biota, there Is a rapidly growing appreciation that both
acute and chronic effects are strongly related to
chemical species. The movement of Inorganic pollut-
ants in the aquatic environment is strongly influenced
by adsorption of particular species on both mineral and
organic partlculates. No broadly applicable analytical
techniques of adequate sensitivity are available for
elemental speclatlon. This deficiency in analytical abili-
ty prevents the evaluation of research on toxicology
and on transport of these chemical forms.
Keywords: 'Inorganic compounds, 'Water analysis,
'Toxicology, 'Reviews, Cardiovascular diseases, Rec-
ommendations, Humans, Chemical analysis, Public
health. Aquatic animals, Separation, Chemical equilib-
rium. Distribution, Enzymes, Bacteria, Transport prop-
erties, Trace elements, Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium,
Daphnia, Mollusca, Fishes, Mammals, Algae, Phyto-
plankton, Planta(Botany), Lead(Metal), Zinc,
Mercury(Metal), Nitrogen, Selenium, 'Water pollution
effectsjAnimals), 'Water pollution detection, 'Water
pollution etfects(Humans), Path of pollutants, 'Water
pollution effects(Plants), Biological effects, 'Toxic
substances, Bioaccumulation, Analytical methods,
Biogeochemlstry.
PB-286 947/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition,
Toxics In the Chesapeake Bay. Final preliminary
rept. 1946-78
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Jul 78,277p EPA/903/9-78/017
Contract EPA-68-01-3994
See also report for Feb 78, PB-285 610.
This report Identifies researchers, research activities,
and data files applicable to the Chesapeake Bay es-
tuarine system, the identified data were generated
after 1973 on the following: submerged aquatic vege-
tation, shellfish bed closures, eutrophication, toxics ac-
cumulation in the food chain, dredging and spoil dis-
posal, hydrologic modifications, modification of fisher-
ies, shoreline erosion, wetlands alterations, and the ef-
fects of boating and shipping on water quality. Major
pest and current program monitoring In the Bay and its
tributaries are summarized according to frequency.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Water pollution, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Indexes(Documentation), Research proj-
ects, Abstracts, Water quality, Aquatic biology, Moni-
toring, Metals, Environmental impacts, Radioactive
materials, Toxic substances, Water pollution
effecta(Animals), Aquatic ecosystems, Water pollution
effects(Plants), Eutrophication.
PB-286 950/1 PC A07/MF A01
The 'Selenastrum caprlcornutum' Prlntz Algal
Assay Bottle Test: Experimental Design, Applica-
tion, and Data Interpretation Protocol. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OF).
William E. Miller, Joseph C. Greene, andTamotsu
Shiroyama. Jul 78,132p EPA/600/9-78/018
The document is the product of intensive research to
improve and expand the understanding of results ob-
tained from the Algal Assay Procedure: Bottle Test
(USEPA 1971) to enable investigators to define the
stimulatory and/or inhibitory interactions) of munici-
pal, Industrial and agricultural wastes upon algal pro-
ductivity In natural waters. This research was designed
to determine: (1) The impact of nutrients and/or
changes in their loading upon algal productivity; (2)
whether the growth response of Selenastrum capricor-
nutum reflects the response of indigenous species; (3)
the feasibility of the assay test protocol to evaluate
heavy metals; (4) the capability of the assay to define
the effect(s) of complex wastes; and (5) II the assay In-
formation can be applied to define and assist in the
management of real-world situation. As a result of
these research efforts the Selenastrum capricornutum
Prlntz Algal Assay Bottle Test: Experimental Design,
Application and Data Interpretation Guide is offered
now for wider application in both eutrophication and
toxlclty problem areas.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Cyanophyta, 'Toxicology, Culture
media, Assaying, Feasibility studies, Experimental
design, Utilization, Primary biological productivity, Nu-
trients, Wastes, TablesfData), Tests, Procedures,
SyntheslB(Chemlstry), Evaluation, Data processing,
Analyzing, Growth, Responses, Toxic substances, Se-
lenaatrum capricornutum, Heavy metals, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Ecosystems, 'Eutrophication.
PB-286 9S3/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Entrapment at • Once-Through Cooling System
on Western Lake Erie. Volume I. Rept. for 1 Sep
72-31 Dec 75,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
Richard Allen Cole. Jul 78,154p EPA/600/3-78/070
Grant EPA-R-801188
This study assessed entrainment rates and effects for
important components of the aquatic community in the
once-through cooling system of a steam-electric
power plant (the Monroe Power Plant), which can draw
up to 85 cu m/second of cooling water from Lake Erie
(-80%) and the Raisin River (-20%). Phytoplankton,
periphyton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and com-
munity metabolism were sampled bimonthly from No-
vember 1972 through September 1975. Sampling was
conducted at fixed locations In the Intake region, dis-
charge canal, thermal plume and the lake-source
waters. Concentrations of chloride, dissolved and total
solids were used to trace water masses and their asso-
ciated nutrient and plankton concentrations. At tem-
peratures above 15C In the discharge canal, photosyn-
thesis was depressed and community respiration was
accelemprated. Algal abundance Increased slightly as
green and blue-green algae increased more than other
taxa during passage, but algal diversity remained basi-
cally unchanged.
December 1983 525
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Entrapment, 'Cooling systems, 'Fishes,
'Plankton, 'Lake Erie, Electric power plants,
Rates(Per time), Metabolism, Sampling, Plumes, Ther-
modynamic properties, Photosynthesis,
Concentration(Composition), Algae, Temperature
measurement, Mixing, Fresh water fishes, Environ-
mental impacts. Sampling.
PB-286 956/8 PC A19/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Land Disposal of Hazardous Wastes. Proceedings
of Annual Research Symposium (4th), Held at San
Antonio, Texas on March 6,7, and 8,1978.
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX. Dept. of
Environmental and Resource Engineering.
David W. Shultz, Norbert B. Schomaker, Robert E.
Landreth, and Mildred Smith. Aug 78.438p* SWRI-17-
5013, EPA-600/9-78/016
Grant EPA-805544
The purpose of the symposium was two-fold: (1) to
provide a forum for a state-of-the-art review and dis-
cussion of ongoing and recently-completed research
projects dealing with the management of hazardous
wastes, and (2) to bring together people concerned
with hazardous waste management who can benefit
from an exchange of ideas and information. These pro-
ceedings are a compilation of the papers presented by
symposium speakers. The five primary technical areas
covered are the following: (1) Methods development
and economic assessment; (2) Identification of pollut-
ant potential; (3) Predicting trace element migration;
(4) Modification of disposal sites and waste streams;
and, (5) Alternatives for land disposal.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Meetings, Earth fills, Economic analysis, Man-
agement planning, Water pollution, Industnal wastes,
Toxicology, Leaching, Sludge disposal, Flue gases, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Government policies,
Thermal degradation, Trace elements, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Soils, Chlorine organic compounds,
Transport properties, Site surveys, Linings, Encapsu-
lating, Underground disposal, Injection wells, Deep
wells, Groundwater, Pesticides, Kepone, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB-286 970/9 PC A03/MF A01
Blodegradatlon Studies of Carboxymethyl Tar-
tronate. Final rept. Jun 76 - May 78,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
E. F. Barth, H. H. Tabak, and C. I. Mashni. Jul 78,46p
EPA/600/2-78/115
Carboxymethyl tartronate (CMT) was shown to be bio-
degradable in bench-scale activated sludge reactors.
After initial exposure to CMT in continuous flow sys-
tems an acclimation period of 14 weeks was neces-
sary before efficient degradation occurred. Once accli-
mated to CMT the biomass could be starved in regard
to this substrate for at least 1.6 times the sludge age
and still retain capacity to degrade the material upon
re-introduction. Activated carbon was not found to be
effective for CMT removal at a pH value of 7.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Activated sludge,
'Water pollution control, Oxygen organic compounds,
Laboratory equipment, Chemical reactors, Biomass,
Inorganic phosphates, Activated carbon, Anaerobic
processes, Detergents, 'Tartonic acid/carboxy-
(methyl-ester).
PB-286 971/7 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of S02 Emission Requirements on Fluld-
Izad-bed Combustion Systems: Preliminary Tech-
nical/Economic Assessment Rept. for Aug 77-Jan
78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
R. A. Newby, N. H. Ulerlch, E. P. O'Neill, D. F. Ciliberti,
and D. L Keairns. Aug 78,192p EPA/600/7-78/163
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
The report gives results of a preliminary technical/eco-
nomic evaluation to project the impact of SO2 control
requirements (up to 90% control) on the capital and
energy costs of atmospheric-pressure and pressurized
fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC and PFBC) power
plants. Ability of AFBC and PFBC to reduce emissions
of particulates and NOx is also considered. Perform-
ance and economic projections are presented, both
for the current New Source Performance Standards
and for more stringent controls; the AFBC and PFBC
projections are compared with equivalent projections
for conventional boilers with flue gas desulfurization.
The projections show that AFBC and PFBC plants can
achieve SO2 control up to at least 90%, and still
remain economically competitive with conventional
boilers using scrubbers. However, FBC plant design
and operating parameters are critical to the achieve-
ment of high levels of S02 control at competitive
energy costs. In particular, increased gas residence
time in the bed, and reduced sorbent particle size, are
important in effective attainment of high levels of SO2
control. The projections of FBC performance at 90%
SO2 removal must be confirmed experimentally on
FBC units large enough to be representative of com-
mercial-scale combustors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Fluidized bed processing, 'Electric power plants, As-
sessments, Economics, Capitalized costs, Particles,
Nitrogen oxides, Performance evaluation, Standards,
Flue gases, Fuel consumption, Cost analysis, New
Source Performance Standards.
PB-286 973/3 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Economic Benefits of Resource
Conservation. Final rept.,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Robert C. Anderson. Sep 78,51 p EPA/600/5-78/015
Grant EPA-R-803880
The forces that determine prices of non-renewable
natural resources are an important consideration in an
evaluation of the social desirability of conservation
through recycling. If prevailing market prices accord
conservation benefits a value less than their true value
to society, the prices are suboptimal and the solution
may require governmental support of resource recov-
ery and recycling. A comprehensive review of the lit-
erature on natural resource economics reveals that
numerous external forces can cause divergencies be-
tween the socially optimal prices and the prices that
are actually determined in the market place. The
forces act in varying directions and with varying inten-
sities over time. It is, however, difficult to establish with
any degree of precision the magnitude or even the di-
rection of bias given to the prices acting on supply and
demand. Moreover, the socially optimal level of re-
source conservation is likely to be viewed differently by
individuals of different generations.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Conservation, 'Natu-
ral resources, 'Marketing, Prices, Supply (Economics),
DemandlEconomics), Materials recovery, Extraction,
Taxes, Optimization, Mining, Government policies,
Value, Raw materials, Solid waste disposal, Leasing,
Mineral economics, Market value, 'Natural resource
conservation, Waste recycling, Secondary materials
industry, Material shortages.
PB-286 974/1 PC A16/MF A01
Occidental Chemical Company Swift Creek
Chemical Complex, Hamilton County, Florida.
Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 78,371 p EPA/904/9-78/020
See also report dated Jul 75, PB-286 040.
This Final EIS concerns the Issuance of an NPDES
permit to Occidental Chemical Company for the con-
struction of a new chemical plant in Hamilton County,
Florida. The construction of the new Swift Creek
Chemical Complex is part of a two-phased plan to in-
crease the superphosphoric acid capacity of the north
Florida phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex.
The Final EIS summarizes the Draft EIS and address-
es comments received by Interested governmental
agencies, environmental groups, and concerned citi-
zens.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements-final,
'Chemical Industry, Fertilizers, Manufacturing, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Phosphoric acid, Surface waters,
Ground water, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology,
Economics, Radioactive contaminants, Substitutes,
Transport properties, Florida, Air quality, Occidental
Chemical Company, 'Swift Creek Chemical Complex,
Hamilton County(Florida).
PB-286 975/8 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Land Application of Wastewater and State Water
Law: State Analyses. Volume II. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Law School.
Donald W. Large. Aug 78,199p* EPA/600/2-78/175
See also Volume 1, PB-277 120.
This research project was undertaken with the overall
objective of analyzing state water rights law in order to
determine its possible impact on systems of land appli-
cation of wastewater. It was determined that most
states do not have regulations specifically controlling
land application of wastewater, and that an analysis
would have to be undertaken of basic state water law
principles which, for the most part, have been devel-
oped with entirely different uses of water in mind.
There is a basic distinction between the 'riparian'
states of the East, which emphasize the right of each
riparian landowner along a watercourse to the use of
the water, and the 'appropriation' states of the West,
which emphasize that the right inures to the prior user
of the water. For the most part, state water rights law
was found to contain enough flexibility, through its em-
phasis on encouraging 'reasonable' uses of water, to
enable land application systems to operate free from
legal uncertainty.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water law,
Waste water, Surface waters, Water rights, Govern-
ment policies, State government, Water distribution,
Trace elements, States(United States), Ground water,
Diverting, Water quality, Reservoirs, Water storage,
Bibliographies, 'Land application, Sewage irrigation.
PB-286 977/4 PC A03/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Comparison of Selected Operational Capabilities
of Fifty-four Geographic Information Systems,
Federation of Rocky Mountain States, Inc., Fort Col-
lins, CO. Information Systems Technical Lab.
Larry Salmon, James Gropper, John Hamill, and Carl
Reed. Sep 77,30p FWS/OBS-77/54
Contract DI-14-16-0008-2155
Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-90894.
The initial evaluation results are presented for 'off the
shelf computer software that may possibly contribute
to a system which processes and outputs spatially re-
lated data for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Two
sets of criteria were considered: 'Operational' criteria
referring to the general hardware and software charac-
teristics of a particular program, and 'functional' crite-
ria referring to the actual logical function on tasks per-
formed by specific software.
Keywords: 'Information systems, Data processing,
Tables(Data), Natural resources, 'Geographic infor-
mation systems, Computer software, Data bases.
PB-286 981/6 PC A02/MF A01
Radioactivity Standards Distribution Program.
1978-1979. Interim rept. 1978-79,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., La*
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div,
Lee H. Ziegler. Jun 78,21 p EPA/600/4-78/033
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-261 330.
A program tor the distribution of calibrated radloacth*
samples, as one function of EPA's quality assurance
program for environmental radiation measurements,»
described. Included is a discussion of the objectives °'
the distribution program and a description or the prep"
aration, availability, and distribution of calibrated radio1
active samples. Instructions and application forms el*
included for laboratories desiring to participate in the
program. This document is not a research report. It *
designed for use by personnel of laboratories partici-
pating or desiring to participate in the Radioactivity
Standards Distribution Program, which Is a part of trw
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's quality assur-
ance program.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Quality assurano*
Standards, Radiation hazards, Environmental survey*'
Quality control, Quantitative analysis, Radioisotop**1
Radiation monitoring, Radioactivity standards distribu-
tion program.
526 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-286 982/4 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment (or Residual Oil Utili-
zation-Second Annual Report. Annual rept. May
77-May 78,
Catalytic, Inc., Charlotte, NC.
M. F. Tyndall, F. D. Kodras, J. K. Puckett, R. A.
Symonds, and W. C. Yu. Sep 78,183p EPA/600/7-78/
Contract EPA-68-02-2155
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-271 962.
The report describes progress In an environmental as-
sessment of processes using residual oil for electric
Power generation. It presents emissions data from the
literature and preliminary sampling, with material bal-
ances and flow diagrams for hydrodesulfurizatlon, flue
gas desulfurization, partial oxidation, and chemically
active fluid bed processes. It describes a computer
Program for a theoretical engineering analysis that will
Provide emissions output for the processes studied. A
detailed sampling and analysis matrix has been devel-
oped that specifies sampling points, procedures, and
analyses, including bioassays for all emissions and ef-
fluents. Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEGs) and
Minimum Acute Toxiclty Effluents (MATEs) are used to
develop pollutant prioritization and source analysis
models. Methods for developing economic cost
models are described.
Keywords: 'Residual oils, *Fuel oil, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Electric power plants, Flue gases, Desulfurlza-
Jipn, Fluidized bed processing, Oxidation, Boilers,
Combustion products. Monitoring, Environmental sur-
veys, Sampling, Limestone, Economic analysis, Cap-
italized costs, Process charting, Gas analysis, Solid
waste disposal, Sludge disposal, Assessments, Lime-v
stone scrubbing, Alkaline scrubbing, Air pollution sam-
pling.
fB-286 991/5 PC A07/MF A01
Jdustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
'face Element Study at a Primary Copper Smelt-
*• Volume II. Report Appendix. Final rept,
gadlan Corp., Austin, TX.
Klaus Schwitzgebel, Richard T. Coleman, Robert V.
Collins, Robert M. Mann, and Carol M. Thompson. Mar
£8. 132p EPA/600/2-78/065B
Contract EPA-68-01-4136
See also Volume 1 , PB-285 935.
This project was undertaken to explore the distribution
of trace elements in environmental emissions from a
Primary copper smelter. The efforts were concentrated
°n the reverberatory furnace and the electrostatic pre-
apitator controlling emissions from the reverberatory
"Jrnace. The following ma|or conclusions were
[Cached: (1) the electrostatic preclpltator effectively
controls all paniculate emissions at its design efficien-
?V rating (about 96%) at the operating gas tempera-
Jwe of 600 degrees F; (2) appreciable material com-
posed of toxic trace elements pass through the preci-
{"tator in the vapor state at the ESP operating tern-
Pjrature and condense to form paniculate upon cool-
""9- Arsenic trioxide was a major constituent of the
"missions passing the ESP from the reverberator/ fur-
gace. The following elements were examined: Al, As,
|a, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se,
Bywords: 'Copper ores, 'Smelting, *Air pollution
Control, 'Trace elements, Electrostatic precipitators,
JjWverberatory furnaces, Performance evaluation, Par-
Ji, *8- Aluminum, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Calcium,
jj*«rnium, Chromium, Copper, Fluorine, Iron,
Jfercury(Metal), Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead(Metal),
|j™rnony, Selenium, Silicon, Vanadium, Zinc, Sam-
™nO, Chemical analysis, X ray analysis, X ray fluores-
cer>ce, Particulates, Air pollution sampling.
995/8 PCA11/MFA01
al Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
I*1- Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dlv.
{^•sttoation of Landfill Ueachate Pollutant At-
rjuatlon by Soils. Final rept. Dec 72-Jul 75,
£«ona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Soils, Water and Engi-
Ii7*ring.
S'allace H. Fuller. Aug 78, 243p EPA/600/2-78/158
S°"tract EPA-68-03-0208
s*e also report dated Apr 77, PB-266 905.
In this laboratory study using 11 soils from 7 major
orders in the U.S., the movement and retention of As,
Be, Cd, CN, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn when car-
ried by municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate through
soils was influenced by the individual properties of the
elements, by the permeability of the soil, and by the
amounts of clay, lime, and hydrous iron oxides present
in the soil. The movement of iron was also studied; its
movement and retention in soil were related most
strongly to the content of clay and hydrous iron oxides.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD) in MSW leachate were only slightly re-
tained by soils. A simulation model for predicting solute
concentration changes during leachate flow through
soils was developedand partially validated using data
from the project.
Keywords: 'Soil properties, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, Earth fills, Leaching, Mathemat-
ical models, Soil chemistry, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmi-
um, Copper, Chromium, Mercury(Metal), Nickel,
Lead(Metal), Selenium, Zinc, Permeability, Reviews,
Cyanides, Iron, 'Soil water movement, 'Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical oxygen demand, Total organic carbon,
'Land disposal.
PB-286 996/4 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Overburden Mineralogy as Related to Ground-
Water Chemical Changes In Coal Strip Mining.
Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 77,
Colorado School of Mines Research Inst., Golden.
Arthur Hounslow, Joan Fitzpatrick, Lawrence Cerrillo,
and Michael Freeland. Aug 78,319p EPA/600/7-78/
156
Grant EPA-R-804162
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering Enterprises,
Inc., Denver, CO.
A research program was initiated to define and devel-
op an inclusive, effective, and economical method for
predicting potential ground-water quality changes re-
sulting from the strip mining of coal in the western
United States. To utilize the predictive method, it is
necessary to sample the overburden, determine its
mineralogical content, and, where applicable, to deter-
mine the quality of the ground water that may saturate
the spoils. Techniques were developed for Interpreting
the data required to predict future ground-water quality
changes. With additional research, the predictive
method may also be found applicable to other types of
mining operations. Relationships among and between
rock and water variables were established using factor
analysis. This analysis, coupled with thermodynamic
calculations, provided rational explanations of the
facts observed in the study of existing mines.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Strip mining, 'Overburden,
'Water quality, 'Ground water, Mineralogy, Clay min-
erals, Carbonate minerals, Sulfide minerals, Sulfates,
Sampling, Hydrogeology, Water analysis, Chemical
analysis. Drill core analysis, Site surveys, X-ray diffrac-
tion, Water pollution abatement. Stratigraphy, Date
processing, Predictions, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Cnarts), Factor analysis, Western
Reglon(United States).
PB-286 997/2 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Tires: Decreasing Solid Wastes and Manufactur-
ing Throughput Markets, Profits, and Resource
Recovery. Final rept. Apr 76-Aug 77,
California State Univ., Sacramento. School of Busi-
ness and Public Administration.
Robert R. Westerman. Jul 78,163p* EPA/600/5-78/
009
Contract EPA-68-03-2401
This report studies the economic and social costs and
benefits of a passenger car tire design service lite of
100,000 miles (160,900 kilometers), retreading, and
four resource recovery methods for solid waste tires:
(1) cryogenics with recovered rubber use, mixed with
asphalt, In repairing roads; (2) Incineration of whole
tires; (3) pyrolysls; and (4) landfill. Symbolic models of
tire costs and benefits are presented along with a com-
puter program for their calculation. A shin In new tire
design service life is recommended, along with in-
creased retreading and with solid waste tire process-
ing by cryogenics for use as tire asphalt rubber in re-
pairing roads. Three methods of producing 100,000
mile tires are proposed; one, the TTW 100,000 mile
tire, is discussed in some detail.
Keywords: 'Tires, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials
recovery, 'Economic analysis, Benefit cost analysis,
Elastomers, Cryogenics, Reclamation, Flexible pave-
ments, Sanitary landfills, Incinerators, Marketing, Man-
agement planning, Service life, Production, Optimiz-
ation, Computer programs, Models, 'Tire recycling,
Tire retreading, Pyrolysis incineration.
PB-286 998/0 PC A02/MF A01
Stress Ethylene Evolution: A Measure of Ozone
Affects on Plants. Journal article,
Corvallfs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingey, Carol Standley, and Richard W. Field.
7 May 76,8p EPA/600/J-76/079
Pub. in Atmosphere Environment, v10 p969-974 1976.
To determine If ethylene evolution by plants is correlat-
ed with the ozone stress, a range of plants species and
cultivars was exposed to varying ozone concentra-
tions. Following exposure, the plants were encapsulat-
ed in plastic bags and incubated for up to 22n. The
stress-induced ethylene that accumulated in the bag
was monitored and correlated with the effects of
ozone on plants. The rate of stress-induced ethylene
production (slope parameter B) as a function of ozone
concentration was used as a measure of plant sensi-
tivity. Applying this ranking scale, ponderosa pine, eu-
calyptus and soybean were the most sensitive spe-
cies; holly, squash and marigold were the least sensi-
tive. There was a good correlation between ozone in-
duced stress ethylene production and foliar Injury.
However, the coefficient of variability associated with
the ethylene determination was substantially less than
with the visual injury estimate. The production of
stress-induced ethylene generally lasted for less than
48 hr following exposure. The measurement of stress
ethylene appeared to be a fast, reliable, sensitive and
reproducible technique to measure ozone stress on
plants.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Ethylene, *Stress(Physiology),
'Plant physiology, Concentratlon(Composition), Expo-
sure, Ranking, Pine trees, Ornamental trees, Soybean
plants, Sensitivity, Vegetable crops, Measurement,
Correlation techniques, Reprints, Eucalyptus trees.
PB-286 999/8 PC A02/MF A01
Mortality Estimates from Size Distributions: A Cri-
tique of Smith's Model. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
John Van Sickle. 1977,4p EPA/600/J-77/132
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography, v22 n4, p774-
775 Jul 77.
Smith (1972) described a method of computing mortal-
ity rates from growth and size-frequency data for a
population which meets several assumptions. (Copy-
right (c) 1977 by The American Society of Limnology
and Oceanography, Inc.)
Keywords: *Size determination, 'Mortality, 'Marine mi-
croorganisms, 'Invertebrates, Mathematical models,
PopulationfStatlstics), Growth, Asymptotic series,
Dlstributlon(Property), Equations, Denslty(Mas8/
volume), Estimating, Reprints, Ecosystems.
PB-287 000/4 PC A02/MF A01
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mortality Rate* from Size Distribution: The Appli-
cation of • Conservation Law. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR. Ecologi-
cal Effects Research Dlv.
John Van Sickle. 1 Oct 76,9p EPA/800/ J-77/131
Pub. In Oecologla, v27 p311-3181977.
A population model explicitly describing the dynamics
of an arbitrary population size distribution Is presented.
One consequence of the model Is an equation for the
exact shape of the size distribution of a stationary or
steady-state population. The shape Is expressed as a
function of size-specific mortality and growth rates.
From the equation, various mortality estimation formu-
las can be derived, two of which are discussed In
detail. One of the methods permits estimation of size-
specific mortality rates without the assumption of a
theoretical growth model.
Keywords: 'Populatlon(Statlstlcs), 'Size determina-
tion, 'Mortality, 'Marine biology, Mathematical
December 1983 527
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
models, Distribution(Property), Steady state, Growth,
Population growth, Density(Mass/volume), Age, Esti-
mating, Fisheries, Comparison, Clams, Reprints, Eco-
systems, Tivela stultorum.
PB-287 001/2 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Buoyant Jet Entrainment from
Singh* and Multiple Source*. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. R. Davis, M. A. Shirazi, and D. I. Slegel. 13 Apr 77,
10p EPA/600/J-77/129
Pub. in ASME Publication 77-HT-43 P1-8.
An experimental investigation was conducted to deter-
mine the dilution characteristics of single and multiple
discharges typical of modern natural and mechanical
draft cooling towers. Simultaneous measurements of
velocity and tracer concentration profiles were taken
at various downstream locations in three-dimensional
film anemometer and conductivity probe. The number
of discharge ports was varied from one to seven. Dis-
charge densimetric Froude numbers were varied from
1.5 to infinity. Numerical integration of the profiles
gave dilution tracer conservation, and momentum
fluxes. The effect of reducing Froude number was to
increase entrainment considerably. Increasing the
number of discharge ports reduced the rate of entrain-
ment. In multiple port discharges the shape of the
plume changed from an elongated configuration to
nearly axisymmetric within the first 20-30 diameters of
discharge.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Fluid flow, 'Hydraulic
jets, Dimensionless numbers, Entrainment, Thermal
pollution, Water pollution, Plumes, Dilution, Buoyancy,
Air entrainment, Froude number, Waste heat, Point
sources, Reprints, Mechanical draft cooling towers,
Waste water, Natural draft cooling towers, Buoyant
plume model.
PB-287 002/0 PC A02/MF A01
EPA's Cooling Tower Plume Research. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mostafa A. Shirazi, Bruce A. Tichenor, and Lawrence
D. Winiarski. Jul 77,14p EPA/600/J-77/130
Pub. in Jnl. of the Power Division, Proceedings of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, v103 nPOl pl-13
Jul 77.
A comprehensive review is made of EPA's cooling
tower plume research program with particular attention
to plume modeling. The research began in 1969 with a
modest effort to define the problem and continued
through a multidiscipllnary research project at a site
where a single-cell salt-water cooling tower was in-
stalled to assess its impact on the local terrestrial eco-
system. The evolutionary process involving the analyt-
ical developments and advanced instrumentation
techniques required for such an undertaking is exam-
ined. Plans for continued efforts are presented.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Plumes, Drift, Air pollu-
tion, Heat transfer, Mathematical models, Electric
power plants, Instruments, Research projects, Point
sources, Reprints.
PB-287 003/8 PC A02/MF A01
Enzymatic Activities Related to the Decomposi-
tion of Coniferous Leaf Litter. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Brian P. Spalding. 7 Sep 76,9p EPA/600/J-77/133
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl, v41 n3
0622-627, May-Jun 77.
The rate of CO2 evolution at 23C and 75% moisture
content for a diverse group of coniferous leaf litter
samples from Oregon was measured. Significant cor-
relations (1 % level) were observed between the rate
of CO2 evolution and the activity of amylase, cellulase,
and xylanase (r=0.7l, 0.58, and 0.44, respectively) in
0.05M potassium acetate pH 5.0 extracts of the Inter.
The amounts of extractable hexose, phenolics, and re-
ducing substances were also correlated with the rate
of CO2 evolution (r=0.74, 0.53, and 0.73 respective-
ly). Peroxidase and invertase activities were not corre-
lated with the rate of CO2 evolution. Litter extracts
showed zero-order kinetics for the hydrolysis of carbo-
zymethylcellulose, xylan, starch, and sucrose. All car-
bohydrase activities were destroyed by a 15 min expo-
sure to a boiling water bath.
Keywords: 'Enzymes, 'Decomposition, 'Refuse,
'Plant tissues, 'Forestry, Carbon dioxide, Amylase,
Cellulase, pH, Carbonic anhydrase, Potassium com-
pounds, Acetates, Exposure, Hexose, Cellulose, Hy-
drolysis, Starches, Sucrose, Oregon, Reprints, Xylan-
ase, Leaves, Xylan, Conifers.
PB-287 015/2 PC A07/MF A01
Hydraulic Simulation In Instream Flow Studies:
Theory and Techniques. Instream flow information
paper,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Coopera-
tive Instream Flow Service Group.
Ken D. Bovee, and Robert Mllhous. Aug 78,147p*
IFIP-5, FWS/OBS-78/33
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-600110.
Several types of techniques for the prediction of the
stage-discharge relationship and the velocity distribu-
tion-discharge relationship are presented, along with
general limitations and site imposed constraints per-
taining to each type of simulation technique. Data re-
quirements and precision specifications are provided,
as well as guidelines for efficient data collection. The
appendices include data collection procedures, meth-
ods for collecting hydraulic data in large rivers, the
needed equipment, and information on several com-
puter programs for hydraulic simulation.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Stream flow, 'Hydraulic models,
'Rivers, Mathematical models, Constraints, Depth,
Substrates, Theorems, Site selection, Manning formu-
la, Distribution(Property), Profiles, Surfaces, Uniform
flow, Velocity measurement, Errors, Predictions, Drain-
age, Flow meters, Binomial density functions, Equip-
ment, Field tests, Boats, Measuring instruments, Com-
puter programming, 'Instream flow, Habitats, Listings.
PB-287 028-SET PC$650.00/MF$25.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
1978,12309p-in14v
Set includes PB-2B7 029 thru PB-287 042.
No abstract available.
PB-287 029/3 PC$30.50/MF$4.90
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Alfa Romeo.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Mar 78,547p EPA/460/A-78/31
See also PB-287 030.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MFS25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he Intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, * Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Alfa Romeo automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles^ 978 models).
PB-287 030/1
PC$33.00/MF85.0S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1078 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda Motor Company.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Qardena, CA.
Mar 78,596p EPA/460/A-78/25
See also PB-287 029, and PB-287 031.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Honda automobiles, Motor vehicles(1978
models).
PB-287 031/9 PC$14.50/MF$4.45
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
3 May 78,230p EPA/460/A-78/37
See also PB-287 030, and PB-287 032.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he Intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Alr
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Chrysler automobiles, Motor vehlcles(1978
models), Chrysler Motor Corporation.
PB-287 032/7 PC$123.50/MF$7.90
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Flat.
Fiat Research and Development, Dearborn, Ml. U.S.A.
Branch.
Mar 78,2410p EPA/460/A-78/32
See also PB-287 031, and PB-287 033.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MFS25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light'
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fu*
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provide*
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
528 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
testing ia completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, *Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, * Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Fiat automobiles, Motor vehicles! 1978
models).
PB-287 033/5 PC$42.60/MF$5.35
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles • Renault.
Renault Technical Center, Bellvllle, Ml.
Mar 78,787p EPA/460/A-78/30
See also PB-287 032, and PB-287 034.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance Instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Alr
Pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Renault automobiles, Motor vehicles(1978
models).
PB-287 034/3 PC«91.50/MF$6.86
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Mercedes Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
Mar 78,1770p EPA/460/A-78/34
See also PB-287 033, and PB-287 035.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
rtwts to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
we emission control systems. The part I also provides
'formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
•Bating Is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
"rnate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions. *Alr
Pollution, Automobile industry. Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Mercedes Benz automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles!! 978 models).
£8-287 036/0 PCI18.00/MFS4.60
fftvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1078 Model Yew
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MFS25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Rolls Royce automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles(1978 models), Rolls Royce Company.
PB-287 036/8 PC$61.75/MF$5.65
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volvo.
Volvo of America Corp., Rockleigh, NJ.
Mar 78,975p EPA/460/A-78/33
See also PB-287 035, and PB-287 037.
Also available In set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile Industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Volvo automobiles, Motor vehlcles(1978
models).
PB-287 037/6
PC$25.75/MF$4.75
Q-....-W../ Vehicles - Rolls Royce Incorporated.
polls Royce, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
Mar 78,296p EPA/460/A-78/18
See also PB-287 034, and PB-287 036.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Saab Scania.
Saab-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
Mar 78,453p EPA/460/A-78/26
See also PB-287 036, and PB-287 038.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MFS25.00. PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance Instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile Industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Saab Scania automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles^ 978 models).
PB-287 038/4 PC$17.60/MF$4.46
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1973 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
3 May 76,286p EPA/460/A-78/38
See also PB-287 037, and PB-287 039.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he Intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing Is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Ford automobiles, Ford Motor Company,
Motor vehicles(1978 models).
PB-287 039/2
PC$S3.75/MF$6.65
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Motorcycle* - American Honda Motor Company,
Inc.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
Mar 78,1014pEPA/460/A-78/18
See also PB-287 038, and PB-287 040.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC$650.00/
MF$2S.OO, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing Is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance Instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Honda motorcycles, Honda Motor Compa-
ny, Motor vehlcles(l 978 models).
PB-287 040/0
Environmental Protection Agency, \
Application for Certification for
Motorcycle* - Suzuki Motor Com
PCS32.00/MF16.06
Washington, DC.
1978 Model Year
sycle* - Suzuki Motor Company.
States Suzuki Motor Corp., Santa Fe Springs,
United
CA.
Mar 78, 676p EPA/460/ A-78/ 1 7
December 1983 529
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB-287 039, and PB-287 041.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MFS25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part {, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Suzuki motorcycles, Motor vehicles(1978
models), Suzuki Motor Company.
PB-287 041/8 PC$65.25/MF$6.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks - Isuzu
Motor* Ltd.
Isuzu Motors Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
Mar 78,1244p EP A/460/A-78/35
See also PB-287 040, and PB-287 042.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MFS25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Trucks, 'Light duty vehicles,
Fugitive emissions, Isuzu trucks, Motor vehicles) 1978
models), Isuzu Motor Company.
PB-287 042/6
PC$59.25/MF*5.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Toyo Kogyo - Mazda.
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
Dec 77,1123p EPA/460/A-78/08
See also PB-287 041.
Also available in set of 14 reports PCS650.00/
MF$25.00, PB-287 028-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of light-duty vehicles
(passenger cars), light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or
heavy-duty engines submits to EPA an application for
certification. The application consists of two parts. In
the Part I, the manufacturer gives a detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. The part I also provides information on emission
test procedures, mileage or service accumulation pro-
cedures, fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance
during testing. The part II application, submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, statements of compliance with the
regulations, and maintenance instructions to be pro-
vided to the ultimate owners of the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Mazda automobiles, Toyo Kogyo auto-
mobiles, Motor vehicles(1978 models).
PB-287 050-SET PC$285.00/MF$14.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicle*.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Ml.
Mar78,5295p-in9v
Set includes PB-287 051 thru PB-287 059.
No abstract available. >
PB-287 OS1/7 PC$13.00/MF$4.45
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Modal Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicle* - General Motor* Corpora-
tion, Supplement.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Ml.
Mar 78,199p EPA/460/A-78/21
See also PB-287 052. Supplement to PB-287 053.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS185.00/
MF$14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-engines submits to
EPA an application for certification. The application
consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufacturer
gives a detailed technical description of the vehicles or
engines he intends to market during the upcoming
model year. These engineering data include explana-
tions and/or drawings which describe engine/vehicle
parameters such as basic engine design, fuel systems,
ignition systems, and exhaust and evaporative emis-
sion control systems. The part I also provides informa-
tion on emission test procedures, service accumula-
tion procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed main-
tenance requirements to be followed during testing.
The part II application, submitted after emission testing
is completed, contains the results of emission testing,
a statement of compliance to the regulations, and
maintenance instructions to be followed by the ulti-
mate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, General Motors Corporation, Motor vehi-
cles(1978 models).
PB-287 OS2/S PC$61.00/MF$5.96
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1976 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN. Truck En-
gineering Center.
Mar 78,1159p EPA/460/A-78/28
See also PB-287 051, and PB-287 053.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
MFS14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, International Harvester vehicles, Motor ve-
hicles(1978 models).
PB-287 053/3 PCS51.25/MF$5.65
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Modal Yaar
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - General Motor* Corpora-
tion.
General Motors Corp., Warren, Ml. Environmental Ac-
tivities Staff.
Mar 78, 962p EPA/460/A-78/24
See also PB-287 052, and PB-287 054.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
MF$14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, Ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duly vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, General Motors Corporation, Motor vehi-
cles(1978 models).
PB-287 054/1 PC$22.75/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Modal Yaar
Diesel Heavy-Duty Englnaa - Caterpillar Tractor
Company.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
Mar 78, 392p EPA/460/A-78/20
See also PB-287 053, and PB-287 055.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
MF$14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *A'r
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Diesel engines, 'Heavy duty
vehicles, Fugitive emissions, Caterpillar Tractor Com-
pany, Caterpiller vehicles, Motor vehicles(19/8
models).
PB-287 055/8
PC$79.00/MF$8.40
, DC.
Ivaco-Unlc-Flat.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
Mar 78,1517p EPA/460/A-78/23
See also PB-287 054, and PB-287 056.
530 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 9 reports PC$285.00/
MFS14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air
Pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Fugitive
«missions, Mack trucks, Saab Scania vehicles, Iveco
wic Fiat vehicles, Motor vehicles(1978 models).
PB-287 056/6 PC$13.7S/MF$4.45
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
HMvy-Duty Vehicle* - Mitsubishi Motor* Corpora-
toMC Services, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
Mar 78, 21 3p EPA/460/A-78/29
fee also PB-287 055, and PB-287 057.
A>*o available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
»F$14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
Quty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
Jatton consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
r°ming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
•fthicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
J7*tems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evappra-
?*• emission control systems. The part I also provides
^formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
"•ulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
Maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
pi- The part II application, submitted after emission
|?*Jjng is completed, contains the results of emission
;*»iing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
Jv" maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
"mate owners of the vehicles.
[Jjywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
Pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
Jjnce, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certlfica-
J*. Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Fugitive
rfwstens, Mitsubishi Motor Corporation, Motor vehl-
c)««(1978 models).
067/4 PC$31.7S/MF$4.90
jnwonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
{jJWcttton for Certification 1978 Model Year
£»vy-0uty Dleael Engine* - l*uzu.
S*u Motors Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
sgf 78. 574p EPA/460/A-78/38
7*« also PB-287 056, and PB-28
and PB-287 058.
282 available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
""F*14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
an application for certification. The appll-
consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
«£" gives a detailed technical description of the vehl-
cjr*.or engines he intends to market during the up-
mir>8 model year. These engineering data Include
Jriations and/or drawings which describe engine/
fc.,.-d parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
tCIerr>a, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
JMl.jmtesion control systems. The part I also provide*
rnJiJation on emission test procedures, service accu-
Cation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
^"tenance requirements to be followed during test-
^ rhe part H application, submitted after emission
^The*
^ng is completed, conlainsThe results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Diesel engines, 'Heavy duty
vehicles, Fugitive emissions, Isuzu motor vehicles,
Motor vehicles) 1978 models).
PB-287 OS8/2 PCI13.50/MFI4.4S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicle* - Nl**an Diesel Motor Corn-
Nissan Diesel Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan).
Mar 78, 207p EPA/460/A-78/22
See also PB-287 057, and PB-287 059.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
MF$14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, "Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Nissan Diesel Motor Company, Motor vehi-
cles^ 978 models).
PB-287 059/0 PC$6.75/MF»4.16
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1978 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicle* - Cummin* Engine.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
Mar 78,72p EPA/460/A-78/27
See also PB-287 058.
Also available in set of 9 reports PCS285.00/
MFS14.00, PB-287 050-SET.
Every year each manufacturer of passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines sub-
mits to EPA an application for certification. The appli-
cation consists of two parts. In the part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, Ignition systems, and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance Instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles. Fugitive
emissions, Cummins engine company, Motor vehi-
cles^ 978 models).
PB-287 070/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle EmlMlon* Inspection
•nd Maintenance Program* In Wl*con*ln. Final
rept. on Phase 2,
QCA Corp., Bedford, MA. OCA Technology Dlv.
Theodore P. Midurski, Lee A. Coda, Robert O. Phillips,
Nancy K. Roy, and Frederick M. Sellars. Sep 78,216p
GCA-TR-78-38-G, EPA/905/2-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
Recent data for the State of Wisconsin indicates that
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO and
O(x) will not be attained in all areas of the state by
1982, even if all reasonably available control technol-
ogies are applied. In view of this, it is likely that the
state will request from EPA an extension of the compli-
ance date beyond 1982. In order for this request to be
considered, the state must, among other things, have
adopted a firm schedule for implementing a motor ve-
hicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program in the
highly urbanized nonattainment areas. In this connec-
tion, the State of Wisconsin Is currently in the initial
states of planning for the implementation of an I/M
program. As part of this initial effort, several candidate
program configurations have been analyzed from the
standpoint of costs, benefits, and other requirements.
These analyses, which are reported herein, will pro-
vide the basis for the state to select one specific option
that will eventually be implemented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Wisconsin, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Inspection, Maintenance, Motor vehicles, Meth-
odology, Cost analysis, Benefit cost analysis, Safety,
Noise, Tests, Carbon monoxide, Oxidizers, Standards,
State government, Regulations, National Ambient Air
Quality Standards.
PB-287 071/5 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Pollution Report*. Volume 5, Number 2, Febru-
ary 1978 - May 1978. Quarterly rept. Feb-May 78,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Elizabeth Sorenson, Jim Cook,
and Barbara Searles. Aug 78,256p* EPA/600/7-78/
160
Grant EPA-R-805052
See also Volume 5, Number 1 dated Apr 78, PB-281
671.
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS (formerly OIL SPILL AND
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS) is a quarterly compilation
of abstracts of current oil pollution-related literature,
research projects, and conferences. Comprehensive
coverage of terrestrial and aquatic oil pollution and its
prevention and control is provided, with emphasis on
the marine environment. The report contains (a) cita-
tions and summaries of 1975 to 1978 scientific and
technical publications, and patents; (b) status and
summaries of current research programs; and (c) infor-
mation on current meetings.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution. 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Patents, Abstracts, Regulations, Legislation, Oil
pollution containment, Economic analysis, Oil pollution
removal, Cleaning, Remote sensing, Marine biology,
Offshore drilling, Accidents, Degradation, Tanker
ships, Environmental impacts, Monitoring, 'Oil spills,
Oil pollution detection, Water pollution detection, Oil
pollution removal, Contingency planning, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animal8), Oil pollution control.
PB-2»7 072/3 PC A12/MF A01
Water Reeource* Data for Iowa. Water Year 1977.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77,
Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA. Water Resources
Dlv.
May 78,260p USGS/WRD/HD-78/015, USGS/WDH/
IA-77/1
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-266 992.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Iowa
consist* of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lake* and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This
report contains discharge records for 111 gaging sta-
tion*; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 21 gaging stations; and water levels
for 34 observation wells. Also Included are 125 crest-
stage partial-record stations, 202 low-flow partial-
record stations, and 130 water-quality partial-record
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data-collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. The data represent that part
of the National Water Data System operated by the
U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Stage and
Federal agencies in Iowa.
December 1983 531
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Iowa, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic nitrates, Sul-
fates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conduc-
tiv.ty, Inorganic phosphates, Water levels, 'Water
quality data, Peak discharge.
PB-287 080/6 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Cultivation of Industrial Waste* and Munici-
pal Solid Waste*. Statt-of-the-Art Study. Volume
I. Technical Summary and Literature Review. Final
rept. Jul 76-Jan 78,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Tan Phung, Larry Barker, David Ross, and David
Bauer. Aug 78.220p* EPA/600/2-78/140A
Contract EPA-68-03-2435
See also Volume II, PB-287 081.
A review of the available literature on land cultivation
of industrial wastewater and sludge, and municipal
solid waste was conducted. This review was supple-
mented by field investigations at 10 operating sites, in-
cluding soil and vegetation analyses. Soil is a natural
environment for the inactivation and degradation of
many waste materials through a variety of soil process-
es. Land cultivation is a disposal technique by which a
waste is spread on and incorporated into the surface
soil. Depending on waste characteristics, the disposal
program can be either related to agriculture or solely a
disposal practice. Volume 1 is a technical summary
and literature review. It contains information about
land cultivation practices, waste characteristics and
quantities, mechanisms of waste degradation, effects
on soil properties and plants, regulations, site selec-
tion, operation, environmental impact assessment, site
monitoring, site conceptual design, and case study
summaries. Cited are 202 references.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Land use, 'Cultivation, Soil properties, Site surveys,
Vegetation, Design criteria, BiodeterioratJon, Sludge
disposal, Soil microbiology. Water pollution, Plant
growth, Trace elements, Government policies, Regula-
tions, Monitoring, Environmental impacts, Sampling,
Earth handling equipment, Economic analysis, Bibliog-
raphies, Reviews, Land disposal, State of the art.
PB-287 081/4 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Cultivation of Industrial Waste* and Munici-
pal Solid Wastes: State-of-the-Art Study. Volume
II. Field Investigation* and Case Studies. Final
rept. Jul 76-Jan 78,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Tan Phung, Larry Barker, David Ross, and David
Bauer. Aug 78,173p* EPA/600/2-78/1408
Contract EPA-68-03-2435
See also Volume 1, PB-287 080.
Sections 2 and 3 of this volume discuss results of Held
investigations at ten land cultivation sites. These ten
sites represent a variety of waste and site characteris-
tics, climate, and waste application techniques. Four
sites are presented in Section 2, each cultivating an in-
dustrial waste. Both soil and vegetative samples were
collected and analyzed at these sites. Analytical re-
sults are presented along with brief narrative site de-
scriptions. Detailed reports on six case study sites are
found in Section 3. Soil and vegetation samples were
collected at three of these sites, with only interviews
and observations performed at the other three. The
report on the Michigan site is less detailed than that on
the other five sites. Operating cost information was
also collected from each site. Other nonstandard dis-
posal or waste utilization techniques for hazardous
wastes are discussed in Section 4. This section re-
views waste types utilized or considered for nonstan-
dard disposal, as well as the disposal techniques being
employed. The location of most of the case study sites
is given in only general terms, such as Rhode Island.
Further, the companies involved as waste generators
or disposers are not identified. Such anonymity pro-
tects proprietary information about processes and op-
erations.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Land use, 'Cultivation, Soil properties, Site surveys,
Vegetation, Biodeterioration, Plant growth, Sludge dis-
posal, Soil microbiology, Trace elements, Water pollu-
tion. Sampling, Hazardous wastes, Earth handling
equipment, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Texas,
Indiana, Michigan, California, Illinois, Rhode Island,
Economic analysis, Reviews, Land disposal, State of
the art.
PB-287 086/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Manual for Premlnlng Planning of Eastern
Surface Coal Mining. Volume I: Executive Sum-
mary. Final rept. Jun 75-Jul 78,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Mineral Engineering.
R. V. Ramani, and M. L. Clar. Aug 78,82p EPA/600/7-
78/1 80
Grant EPA-R-803882
Recommended methods, techniques, and alternatives
for selecting and designing mining systems, based on
a review and critical evaluation of the methods report-
ed in the literature and applied in the field, and using
the geological and hydrological settings prior to mining
as basic inputs, have been structured into guidelines
for developing, evaluating, and selecting mining and
reclamation plans, prior to commencement of mining.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Manuals,
Planning, Geology, Hydrology, Water quality, Recla-
mation, Land use, Mining engineering, Regulations,
Guidelines, Recommendations, Eastern region(United
States).
PB-287 089/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Development of Grldded Area Source Emissions
for the Twin Cities, Minnesota Air Quality Control
Region. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Richard C. Haws, and Harry L. Hamilton, Jr. Aug 76,
16p 41U-946-17, EPA/905/2-76/003
Contract EPA-68-02-1386
The Computer Assisted Area Source Emissions proce-
dure (CAASE) was used to allocate county total emis-
sions to subcounty area source grid squares. The grid
square system provided a continuous set of squares
over the seven counties of the Twin Cities, Minnesota
AQCR. Objective apportioning factors based on popu-
lation, housing units, area of the grid square, or a com-
bination of these characteristics were used for the dis-
tribution of most emission source categories. The ap-
plication of these factors is included in the CAASE
computer programs. The remaining emission source
categories-diesel rail locomotive, aircraft operations,
and waterborne vessels-were allocated on the basis
of factors especially developed for this AQCR. The ra-
tionale used in this development is documented in this
report. Assuming the correctness of the totals of each
category of emissions furnished to the contractor, the
allocated area source emissions should provide a suit-
able base for air quality modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Inventories, Contaminants,
Sources, Grids(Coordinates), Minnesota, Counties,
Populations, Fuels, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Computer simulation, Metropolitan areas,
'Air quality maintenance, 'Computer assisted area
source emissions, Minneapolis(Minnesota), Saint
Paul(Minnesota), Area sources, Air quality control re-
gions, Housing, EPA Regions, Apportioning.
PB-287 091/3 PC AOe/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Assessment of Coal Cleaning Technology: Annual
Report (1st). Annual rept. Jan 77-Jan 78,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Lee C. McCandless, and Robert B. Shaver. Jul 78,
164p' EPA/600/7-78/150
Contract EPA-68-02-2199
With a large projected increase in U.S. use of coal
under the National Energy Plan, improved sulfur diox-
ide controls are quickly needed. Physical coal cleaning
may prove to be the most cost-effective method for re-
ducing sulfur dioxide emissions from small boilers,
since many small industrial users will find flue gas de-
sulfurizatipn too costly. The report gives results to date
of a continuing assessment of coal cleaning technol-
ogy. It discusses: (1) washability characteristics of
coal, with emphasis on the correlations of various wa-
shability parameters; (2) current technology on coal
comminution and gravity separation processes; (3)
eleven major chemical coal cleaning processes, in-
cluding evaluations and comparisons; (4) current tech-
nology on mechanical and thermal drying and oil ag-
glomeration; (5) slurry sampling techniques, including
a summary of a Bias Test Plan for two slurry samplers;
and (6) coal preparation requirements for synthetic
fuel conversion processes, in terms of particle size,
moisture, ash, sulfur, and heating value. In addition,
coal preparation requirements for 6 high-Btu gasifica-
tion processes, 13 low-Btu gasification processes, and
5 liquefaction processes are summarized.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Desulfurization, Pyrite, Beneficiation, Washing,
Comminution, Flotation, Dewatering, Centrifugal clas-
sifiers, Hydrocyclones, Agglomeration, Cyclone sepa-
rators. Size screening, Size separation, Sizing screens,
Concentrating, Crushing, Hammer milling, Reviewing,
Sulfur, Slurries, Jigs(Concentrators), Gravity concen-
trators, Cost analysis, Cost comparison, Technology
assessment, Coal gasification, Process charting,
Sulfur organic compounds, Sulfates, Meyers process.
PB-287 101/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flow Structure and Turbulent Diffusion Around a
Three-Dimensional Hill. Fluid Modeling Study on
Effects of Stratification. Part I. Flow Structure.
Fluid modeling rept. no. 4,
Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Applied Math-
ematics and Theoretical Physics.
Julian C. R. Hunt, William H. Snyder, and Robert E.
Lawson, Jr. Jul 78,96p EPA/600/4-78/041
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of gaining understanding of the flow and drf-
fusion of pollutants in complex terrain under both neu-
tral and stably stratified conditions. This report covers
the first phase of the project; it describes the flow
structure observed over a bell shaped hill (polynomial
in cross section) through neutral wind tunnel studies
and stably stratified towing tank studies. It verifies and
establishes the limits of applicability of Drazin's theory
for flow over three-dimensional hills under conditions
of small Froude number. At larger Froude number a
theory is developed, and largely verified, to classify the
types of lee wave patterns and separated flow regions
and to predict the conditions under which they will be
formed. Flow visualization techniques are used exten-
sively in obtaining both qualitative and quantitative in-
formation on the flow structure around the hill. Repre-
sentative photographs of dye tracers, potassium per-
manganate, dye streaks, shadowgraphs, surface dye
smears, and hydrogen bubble patterns are included.
While emphasis centered on obtaining basic under-
standing of flow around complex terrain, the results
are of immediate applicability by air pollution control
agencies. In particular, the location of the surface im-
pingement point from an upwind pollutant source can
be identified under a wide range of atmospheric condi-
tions. Part II, to be printed as a separate report, will de-
scribe the concentration field over the hill resulting
from plumes released from upwind stacks and will fur-
ther quantify the results obtained in Part I.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Turbulent diffu-
sion, 'Hills, 'Air pollution, Wind tunnel models. Stratifi-
cation, Flow distribution, Wind(Meteorology), Froude
number, Air flow, Terrain models. Atmospheric motion,
Plumes, 'Three dimensional geometry, Lee waves.
Wind tunnel tests, Flow geometry.
PB-287 117/8 PC A03/ MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Wastewater Demlnerallzatlon by Tubular Revere*
Osmosis Process. Final rept. Jan 70-Jun 71,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Ching-lfn Chen, and Robert P. Miele. Sep 78,37p
EPA/600/2-78/167
A161 pm (4.2 gpm) tubular reverse osmosis pilot plant
was operated at Pomona Advanced Wastewat*
Treatment Research Facility for over one year. Th*
purpose of the study was to investigate the applicabil-
ity of the tubular reverse osmosis process to
wastewater demoralization. The pilot plant op*r'
ational goal was the study of the membrane life, in*
feed was carbon-treated secondary effluent. TrM*
532 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
•tudy lasted 7,165 hours until the operating membrane
modules reduced from the original 32 modules to 12
modules as a result of membrane module failure. It
was subsequently decided to make use of the remain-
ing 12 modules in the system for exploring the behav-
ior of the membrane process In treating primary efflu-
Jnt The system treated primary effluent during the
third phase for a period of 2,074 hours. Repeated
membrane failure resulting from poor mechanical
(resign of the system obviated drawing significant con-
clusions.
Keywords: 'Reverse osmosis, 'Demlnerallzation, 'De-
biting, -Water pollution control, Pilot plants, Perform-
ance evaluation, Membranes, Carbon, Water reclama-
"on, 'Tubular membranes, 'Reverse osmosis desali-
nation.
fB-287 118/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Manual for the Interim Certification of Laborato-
JM Involved In Analyzing Public Drinking Water
Supplies-Criteria and Procedures,
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Thomas W. Stanley. May 76,99p EPA/600/8-78/008
treatment, 'Chlorination, 'Halogen organic
°»ction 1401(1) of the Safe Drinking Water Act pounds, Pilot plants, Chloroform, Chlorine c
(SDWA), Public Law 93-523, defines 'primary drinking compounds, Performance evaluation, Am
Water regulations' to include 'quality control and test-
lnd procedures' to ensure compliance with maximum
Contaminant levels. Pursuant to the Act, the National
Jfwrlm Primary Drinking Water Regulations
JNIPDWR), 40 CFR 141 and 142 require that for com-
pliance purposes, 'samples' will be considered only If
Jwy have been analyzed by a laboratory approved by
me state except that measurement for turbidity and
"ee chlorine residual may be performed by any person
Acceptable to the State, and the States must establish
•W maintain a program for certification of laboratories
P°hductlng measurements of drinking water contaml-
"*nts. This manual describes evaluation procedures
J"8 minimum technical requirements recommended
'<* certifying laboratories analyzing public drinking
water supplies. In addition to Identifying requirements
•JJt ore critical to the generation of valid data, optional
ratification requirements have been included as guld-
PB-287 129/1 PC A05/MF A01
Breakpoint Chlorlnatlon/Actlvated Carbon Treat-
ment: Effect on Volatile Halogenated Organlca,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Dlv.
James J. Westrick, Michael D. Cummins, and Jesse M.
Cohen. Sep 78,88p EPA/600/2-78/165
The production and removal of six volatile halogenated
organic compounds during treatment of tertiary clari-
fied and filtered wastewater by breakpoint Chlorlnatlon
and activated carbon was examined in a continuous
flow pilot plant. Short contact time breakpoint Chlorlna-
tlon of filter effluent Increased chloroform and bromo-
dichloromethane concentrations by SO micrograms/
liter and 10 micrograms/lller, respectively. Treatment
by carbon prior to. Chlorination reduced the formation
or chloroform by a factor of four, but was less effective
In reducing the amount of bromoform produced. A 20-
mlnute empty bed contact time activated carbon ad-
sorber was much more efficient for chloroform removal
than a 10-mln adsorber, probably because of competi-
tive effects of more strongly adsorbed organlcs. The
removal of chloroform by the second stage carbon
contactors conformed to an equilibrium expression of
the Freundllch type.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Chlorlnatlon, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Pilot plants, Chloroform, Chlorine organic
compounds, Performance evaluation, Ammonia,
Design criteria, Sampling, Methane/bromo-dichloro,
'Breakpoint chlorinatlon.
s: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Manuals,
i government, Law enforcement, Chemical analy-
g», Laboratory equipment, Chemistry, Microbiology,
JJadtochemlstry, Sampling, Regulations, Water supply,
"«ter pollution, 'Water quality, Procedures.
J*-287 128/3 PC A07/MF A01
JWcipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
jS«e and Water Pollution. Final Manual 1973-76,
£«mer (C. Men/in), Kennett Square, PA.
£• Mervin Palmer. Dec 77,133p* EPA/600/9-77/036
^°htract EPA-68-03-0232
*j8*e are involved in water pollution in a number of im-
Lrv-ant ways. It requires a continuous monitoring and
£"gy of algae existing in waters of various quality in
2?*r to determine what controls or what changes or
h^t uses can be Instituted for the benefit of man and
^.conservation of water and of desirable aquatic life.
ll"1* manual presents a simplified identification key
"od to algal species of importance In water supplies
i of algae and presents Information on filter
euWnp, and mat forming algae, attached forms, algl-
S™J« and algal control, algae associated with pollution
{S*jh fresh water and estuarine), various uses of
.?£*• algae of rivers and lakes, eutrophlcatlon, algae
njS'cators of pollution, methods of recording algae,
S*i the use of algae In waste stabilization lagoons for
"'• treatment of domestic and/or Industrial wastes.
j: 'Algae, 'Water pollution, Identifying, Man-
Lakes, Reservoirs, Fresh water, Estuaries,
. _ ' ~*ate, Sewage treatment. Ecology, Taxonomy,
bT" control, Toxlclty, UgoonstPonds), Oxidation,
tfeSBlng, Filters, Columbia River, Industrial waste
^tment, 'Blolndicators, Eutrophlcatlon.
PB-287 134/1 PC A02/MF A01
Exposure of Pesticide Formulating Plant Workera
to Parathlon. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. R. Wolfe, D. C. Stalff, and J. F. Armstrong. 1978,6p
EPA/600/ J-78/042
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 20, p340-3431978.
The potential hazard to workers exposed to the organ-
ophosphorus pesticide, parathion, in formulating
plants was studied. Potential dermal and respiratory
exposure near certain work stations was determined.
Calculations were based on the use of minimum pro-
tection (no respirator, shirt with short sleeves and
open collar, no hat, no gloves, and with the assump-
tion that the clothing worn gave complete protection of
body areas covered). This was to arrive at values that
might reflect the maximum potential exposure that
could occur In different work situations where proper
protective gear was not utilized. Mean dermal expo-
sure for all workers was 67.3 mg/hr and the mean res-
piratory value was 0.62 mg/hr of work activity. Work-
ers at the bagging machine were subjected to greater
exposure than mixers or workers who stacked filled
bags on pallets, operated the bag closing machine, or
packed filled bags In cardboard cartons for storage or
shipment.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxicology, 'Pesti-
cides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Exposure,
Hazards, Industrial atmospheres, Insecticides, Safety,
Skln(Anatomy), Respiratory system, Protective cloth-
ing, Cholinesterase, Absorption(Blology), Formula-
tions, Industrial hygiene, Reprints, "Occupational
safety and health, 'Toxic substances, 'Parathlon.
PB-287 136/8 PC A02/MF A01
Exposure of Fertilizer Mixing Plant Workera to
Olsulfoton. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. R. Wolfe, D. C. Stalff, J. F. Armstrong, and J. E.
Davis. 1878,10p EPA/600/ J-78/047
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 20, p79-861978.
The potential hazard to workers exposed to the organ-
ophosphorus pesticide, dlsulfoton, In fertilizer-pesti-
cide mixing plants was studied. Potential dermal and
respiratory exposure, as well as levels of pesticide In
air near certain work stations, was determined. Expo-
sure was found to be much higher during dry mixing of
granular pesticide with pelletized fertilizer than during
the wet mixing process Involving Injection of liquid con-
centrate pesticide Into the system to evenly Impreg-
nate the fertilizer. Calculations based on the highest
exposure values obtained indicate that a worker may
be subjected to as much as 4.3% of a toxic dose per
hour of exposure during dry mix operations, but only
0.4% of a toxic dose per hour of exposure during wet
mix operations. Levels of dlsulfoton In most of the air
samples taken in the plant during dry mix operations
exceeded the 0.1 mg/cu m threshold limit value for
that compound; however, none of the samplings
during wet mix operations exceeded that level.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Pesticides, Industrial atmospheres, Exposure,
Hazards, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Skin(Anatomy), Respiratory system, Exposure, Physio-
logical effects, Medical examination,
Concentration(Compositlon), Insecticides, Sulfur com-
pounds, Dosage, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Dlsulfoton,
Maximum permissible exposure level, Phosphorodlth-
ioates, Threshold limit values, Air sampling.
PB-287 138/6 PC A02/MF A01
The Identification of Polyehlorlnated Terphenyls
at Trace Levels In Human Adlpoae Tissue by flat
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. H. Wright, R. Q. Lewis, H. L. Crist, G. W. Sovocool,
and J. M. Simpson. 21 Feb 78,6p EPA/600/J-78/044
Pub. In Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v2 p76-791978.
Pooled samples of human adipose extracts repre-
sentative of the general population of the United
States were examined by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. The use of gel permeation chromatogra-
phy for cleanup was found to offer a significant im-
provement In detection capability. In addition to previ-
ously documented organo-chlorine residues, numer-
ous polychlorlnated terphenyls and three additional
components of technical chlordane were Identified.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Gas chromatogra- ,
phy, Mass spectroscoby, Chemical analysis, Identify-
ing, Humans, United States, Trace elements, Experi-
mental data, Detection, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, Adipose tissue, * Polychlorlnated terphenyls.
PB-287 137/4 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Cadmium, Nickel, and Chromium on
Primary Immunity In Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC
J. A. Graham, F. J. Miller, M. J. Daniels, E. A. Payne,
and D. E. Gardner. 11 May 77,14p EPA/600/J-78/
045
Pub. in Environmental Research 16, p77-871978.
The effects of metals on the primary humoral immune
system of mice were Investigated using a hemolytlc
plaque technique to determine the number of specific
antibody-producing spleen cells. Inhalation of NICI2 for
2 hr resulted in a significant negative linear dose re-
sponse, the lowest effective concentration tested
being 250 micrograms of Ni/cu m. Following a 2 hr
aerosol exposure to NICI2, the lung cleared Ni on a
first-order kinetics basis. A significant reduction In the
number of plaques per 10 to the 6th power cells was
also observed with exposure to 190 micrograms of
Cd/cu m. Analyses of the data from Intra-musculariy
exposed mice indicated that concentrations greater
than or equal to 3.90 micrograms of Nl/g body weight
(as NISO4) and greater than or equal to 9.25 micro-
grams of Nl/g body weight (as NICI2) resulted In signifi-
cant Immunosuppresslon. Intramuscular treatments
with NIO, CdCIZ, and CrCI3 had no effect at the con-
centrations tested.
Keywords: 'Cadmium. 'Metals, 'Immunity, 'Nickel,
•Chromium, 'Toxicology, Aerosols, Inhalation, Physio-
logical effects, Mice, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Responses,
Heavy metals, 'Toxic substances.
PB-287 140/8 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 533
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Attenuation of Pollutants In Municipal Landfill
Leachate by Clay Minerals. Final rept. Dec 72-Aug
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
R. A. Griffin, and N.T. Shimp. Aug 78,159p EPA/600/
2-78/157
Contract EPA-68-03-0211
The first part of this project was a laboratory column
study of attenuation of pollutants in municipal solid
waste landfill leachate by mixtures of sand and cal-
cium-saturated clays. K, NH4, Mg, Si, and Fe were
moderately attenuated; and the heavy metals Pb, Cd,
Hg, and Zn were strongly attenuated even in columns
with small amounts of clay. Precipitation was the prin-
cipal attenuation mechanism for the heavy metals;
cation exchange was responsible for any attenuation
of the other elements. The clays, in order of increasing
attenuation capacity, were Kaolinite, Illite, Montmoril-
lonite. The second part of the project involved batch
studies of adsorption of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Zn by
Montmorillonite and Kaolinite from water solutions and
from landfill leachate. Adsorption of the cations Cr(lll),
Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Zn increased with increasing pH;
adsorption of the anions Cr(VI), As, and Se decreased
with increasing pH. Above pH about 5.3 precipitation of
the cations was an important mechanism while ad-
sorption was the principal mechanism for the anions
over the pH range studied. Because adsorption/mobil-
ity of any element was affected by other solutes in
leachate, adsorption information on one leachate may
not be directly applied to predicting adsorption of the
same element at the same concentration in another
leachate.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Water pollution control, Clays, Trace elements,
Heavy metals, Ground water, Linings, Leaching, Neu-
tron activation analysis, Chromium, LeadfMetal),
Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury (Metal), Arsenic, Se-
lenium, pH, Carbon, X ray analysis, Spectroscopic
analysis, Chemical composition, Kaolinite, Montmoril-
lonite, Surface waters, transport properties, Illite, Ion
exchanging, Precipitation(Chemistry), Adsorption,
Chemical oxygen demand, Path of pollutants.
PB-287 146/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pressure and Vacuum Sewer Demonstration
Project, Bend, Oregon. Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 77,
Bend, OR.
Jessie E. Eblen, and Lloyd K. Clark. Sep 78,124p
EPA/600/2-78/166
Grant EPA-S-803295
Prepared in cooperation with C and G Engineering,
Inc., Salem, OR.
A pressure sewer system collecting domestic septic
tank effluent and a vacuum system collecting raw do-
mestic sewage were constructed in the City of Bend,
Oregon. Each of the systems collected sewage from
eleven houses and discharged into existing gravity
sewer mains. Groups of one, two and three houses
were served by single collection sump/vacuum valve
or collection sump/pump combinations. The systems
were operated and monitored for a period of approxi-
mately one year. The systems were evaluated for con-
struction costs, operation and maintenance costs, reli-
ability, operating characteristics, and chemical charac-
teristics of collected sewage and septic effluent.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Sanitary sewers, 'Sewage
pumps, 'Urban areas, Pressure, Vacuum apparatus,
Performance evaluation, Sump pumps, Construction
costs. Maintenance, Reliability, Septic tanks, Chemical
properties, Sewage, Gravity, Oregon, 'Pressure
sewers, 'Vacuum sewers, Bend(Oregon).
PB-287 156/4 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Ozone on Leukocyte Function In Ex-
posed Human Subjects,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Dlv.
Mirdza L Peterson, Shirley Harder, Nicholas Rummo,
and Dennis House. 11 May 77,12p EPA/600/J-78/
046
Pub. In Environmental Research, v15 p485-493 1978.
Evidence from animal studies indicates that ozone
(O3), the major component of environmental photo-
chemical smog, depresses various intracellulai nydro-
tytic enzymes and increases susceptibility to microbial
infections. It would appear possible that 03 induced al-
terations in normal leukocyte functions might underlie
some of these reported alterations in human response
to infectious agents. A study was designed to assess
the effect of O3 on peripheral blood leukocytes from
21 healthy young human males exposed to 784 micro-
grams/cu n of ozone for 4 hr. The capability of poly-
morphonuclear neutrophils to phagocytize and kill mi-
croorganisms of resplrable size was evaluated and
phagocytic and bactericidal rates were determined. A
significant decrease in intracellular killing was seen at
72 hr postexposure (p < 0.001). A decrease in phago-
cytic ability was also noted at 72 hr (p < 0.05). These
findings indicate that 03 in low concentrations has a
transient effect on leukocyte functions in humans.
Such an effect may be mediated by alterations in cell
membrane, opsonization functions, and/or interfer-
ence with intracellular enzyme synthesis.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Leukocytes, 'Immunity, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Humans, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Enzymes, Physiological effects,
Tables(Data), Smog, Infectious diseases, Microorgan-
isms, Infections, Males, Assessments, Pathology, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Photochemical
oxidants, 'Toxic substances.
PB-287 157/2 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Cartridge Filters for Removal of
Small Fibers from Drinking Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. M. Cook, G. E. Glass, D. R. Marklund, and J. H.
Tucker. Aug 78,8p EPA/600/J-78/049
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v70 n8 p459-464 Aug 78.
Prior to completion of new water treatment facilities in
Duluth, Minnesota, contamination of the community's
water supply by amphibole fibers led to widespread
use of individual filtration systems in homes and public
buildings. Laboratory tests of several types of cartridge
filters, backed by extensive field monitoring of operat-
ing filter installations, revealed a number of perform-
ance problems and shed light on how to correct them.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Filtration, 'Asbestos,
Potable water, Performance evaluation, Monitoring,
Residual buildings, 'Duluth(Minnesota), Reprints.
PB-287 158/0 PC A02/MF A01
Analytical Methodology for the Determination of
Kepone (Trademark) Residues In Fish, Shellfish,
and HI-Vol Air Filters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
David W. Hodgson, Edward J. Kantor, and J. Bruce
Mann. 5 Sep 77,17p EPA/600/J-78/048
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v7 n1 p99-1121978.
The recent discovery of the pollution of the environ-
ment with Kepone has resulted in a tremendous inter-
est in the development of residue methodology for the
compound. Current multiresldue methods for the de-
termination of the common organochlorinated pesti-
cides do not yield good quantitative analytical results
for Kepone. The extracting solvents are usually of in-
sufficient polarity to extract Kepone from the various
media. This article describes some of the recently de-
veloped methodology for Kepone in air filters, flnfish,
finfish livers and entrails, shellfish, and archival oyster
samples. The finfish and archival oyster samples were
Soxhlet extracted using diethyl ether/petroleum and
ether (1:1 v/v) as the extracting solvent. The finfish
livers and entrails were macerated in a Dual) tissue
grinder containing acetonitrlle followed by partitioning
of the Kepone into benzene. Shellfish samples were
analyzed after extracting the sample with acetonitrlle
and partitioning the Kepone into benzene. The Hi-Vol
air samples were extracted with methanol/benzene
(1:1 v/v). The coextracting contaminants were re-
moved by micro-Florisil column chromatography and/
or acid digestion. The procedural recovery of Kepone
from fortified samples averaged 82%.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Biological extracts,
Oysters, Clams, Chlorine organic compounds, Pesti-
cides, Aquatic animals, Samples, Tables(Data), Resi-
dues, Extraction, Fishes, Shellfish, Water pollution,
•Kepone, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Pesti-
cide residues, Reprints, Bioaccumulation.
PB-287 159/8 PC A02/MF A01
Substltuent Effects and Addltlvlty In the Carbon-
13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Chlor-
inated Naphthalene* and Their Chlorinated Naph-
thol Metabolites. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Nancy K. Wilson, and Robert D. Zehr. 7 Oct 77,8p
EPA/600/J-78/041
Pub. in Jnl. of Organic Chemistry, v43 n9 p1768-1773
1978.
Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectra were obtained for 12 chlorinated naphthalenes
and six chlorinated naphthols, some of which are me-
tabolites of the naphthalenes. The validity of the use of
additivity of chlorine and hydroxyl substituent effects to
predict 13-C chemical shifts in these compounds was
examined. Deviations from the additivity predictions re-
sulted from per and ortho substituent interactions, both
steric and hydrogen bonding. Despite these devi-
ations, additive substituent parameters could be used
to assign 13-C spectra correctly and to distinguish
uniquely between similar isomers. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Carbon isotopes, Proton magnetic
resonance, 'Chlorinated naphthalenes, 'Carbon 13,
Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic resonance), Re-
prints.
PB-287 165/5 PC A08/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arizona, Water Year
1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept. 1
Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ. Water Resources Div.
1972,167p USGS/WRD/HD-78/093, USGS/WDR/
AZ-71/2
See also Parti, PB-287 164.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Ari-
zona consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 47 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Arizona.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arizona,
Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
pling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data.
PB-287 167/1 PC A08/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arizona, Water Year
1972. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept. 1
Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ. Water Resources Dlv.
1973,166p USGS/WRD/HD-78/095, USGS/WDR/
AZ-72/2
See also Parti, PB-287 166.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Ari-
zona consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 46 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Arizona.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arizona,
Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
pling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data.
534 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-287 169/7 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data lor Arizona, Water Year
1973. Part 2. Water Quality Record*. Annual rept. 1
Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ. Water Resources Div.
1974, 188p USGS/WRD/HD-78/097, USGS/WDR/
A2-73/2
See also Part 1 , PB-287 168.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Ari-
zona consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 48 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Arizona.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arizona,
water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
Pling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data.
PB-287 171/3 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arizona, Water Year
1974. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept. 1
Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ. Water Resources Div.
1975, lOOp USGS/WRD/HD-78/099, USGS/WDR/
AZ-74/2
See also Parti, PB-287 170.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year lor Ari-
zona consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 56 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National water
uata System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Arizona.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arizona,
water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
P"ng, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
"ws, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
Duality data.
178/8 PC A13/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
— 'Park.NC.
"""•media Environmental Control Engineering
Jjndbook: Methodology and Sample Summary
51****- Final task rept. Dec 76-Aug 78,
!rf«nneron Engineers, inc., Denver, CO.
i .C Borer, and A. W. Karr. Sep 78, 282p' EPA/600/
'•'8/187
Contract EPA-68-02-21 52
TJl*| .reP°rt describes a development methodology and
Provides sample summary sheets for a Multimedia En-
wonrrmntal Control Engineering Handbook. This effort
™.Wrt of EPA's documentation of the environmental
?"oct8 of many industrial processes (including those
"waving fossil fuels) to determine where envlronmen-
w* controls are needed and, if needed, which existing
P^S~S are applicable or may have to be developed
"£n main classification of the Handbook is subdl-
urrHto specific devices or processes. The completed
m~'at)9<* would require that each device have a sum-
{Sjy sheet filled out to include appropriate Identifica-
r°n- Pollutants controlled, process description, appH-
J1™on range, capital costs, operating costs, operating
I^nciea, environmental problems, special notes,
^nutacturers/suppliers, and references. The com-
r""ed Handbook is intended to be a reference to be
t7°° as a guide to potential solutions, and alternatives
10 environmental problems.
s: 'Pollution control, 'Environmental surveys,
oks, Air pollution, Water pollution, Technol-
' r*sign criteria, Process charting, Solid waste dls-
«. Revisions, Oil pollution. Cost analysis, Equlp-
vizT?' Fugitive emissions, Land pollution. Liquid
™wies, Solid wastes.
PB-287 179/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis lor Radlonuclldes In SRC and Coal Com-
bustion Sample*. Final rept. Nov 77-Jul 78,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Pamela A. Koester, and Warren H. Zleger. Sep 78,33p
EPA/600/7-78/185
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
The report deals with the determination of the levels of
uranium, thorium, and their daughter products in coal,
SRC, coal flyash, and SRC flyash samples taken from
Georgia Power Company's Plant Mitchell during the
May and June 1977 combustion tests to compare the
environmental emissions from the use of coal and
SRC in the boilers. Gross alpha and beta activities
were also measured in the samples.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Electric
power plants, 'Gas analysis, Fly ash, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Uranium,
Thorium, Concentration(Composltlon), Chemical anal-
ysis, Data analysis, Air pollution, Samples, Boilers,
Coal liquefaction, Solvent refined coal, *Alr pollution
detection.
PB-287 160/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Catalyst Evaluation for Denltrogenatlon of Petro-
leum Residua and Coal Liquids. Rept. on Phase 5,
Sep 75-Feb 78,
Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ.
Cecelia C. Kang, and Jeffrey Gendler. Aug 78,57p
EPA/600/7-78/159
Contract EPA-68-02-0293
The report covers the final phase of a study of cata-
lysts for demetalllzation of heavy residual oils and for
denitrogenatlon. Objectives were to evaluate some
commercial catalysts for denitrogenation activity in pe-
troleum residua and coal liquids, and then to develop
an improved catalyst for denitrogenatlon of heavy coal
liquids. Under one task, two commercial catalysts
failed to reduce nitrogen content of a petroleum
vacuum residual from 0.67% to the 0.3% target. The
observed catalyst deactivatlon rate is similar to that of
catalysts with similar pore structures which are being
used for hydrodesulfurization of petroleum residual.
Under another task, attempts to denitrogenate heavy
coal-derived liquids with commercial Co-Mo catalysts
pointed to the need for Improved catalysts. In the task
to improve catalysts, Ni-Mo was identified as a better
active metal pair than Co-Mo or NI-W for denitrogena-
tion of coal liquids. Commercial preparation tech-
niques and lower carbon deposition also increased
denitrogenatlon activity. On the basis of catalyst
weight, a bimodal pore distribution with some macro-
pores showed better denitrogenatlon activity than that
with micropores only. Efforts to find the optimum pore
distribution were hampered by lack of technology to
enlarge macropores. One experimental catalyst was
tried. Denitrogenation activity did not decrease despite
a low surface area.
Keywords: 'Catalysts, 'Coal liquids, 'Residual oils,
'Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Petroleum products, Metals, Surfaces, Boilers, Electric
power plants, Residues, Water pollution, New source
performance standards, * Demetalllzation, 'Denltrlflca-
tlon, 'Air pollution abatement, Procedures, H-coal
process, SRC process. Stationary sources, Coal lique-
faction.
PB-287 181/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sensitized Fluorescence for the Detection of Po-
lycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Final task rept.
Jul 76-Aug 78,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
E. M. Smith, and P. L. Levins. Sep 78,33p EPA/600/7-
78/182
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report describes a fluorescent spot test, devised
for polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), based on
the sensmzatlon of the Inherent fluorescence of such
compounds. On filter paper, 10 pg of PAH In a spot of
0.25 cm diameter can generally be visualized when
treated with naphthalene. In the case of
benzo(a)pyrene, 1 pg has been detected. This method
has been shown to Be specific for PAH with minimum
interference from other compounds. The method may
be used to estimate the general level (factors of 10) of
PAH in samples to aid in decisions for further more
specific analyses.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycycllc hydrocarbons,
'Chemical analysis, 'Fluorescence, 'Pollution, Sam-
ples, Naphthalene, Performance evaluation.
PB-287 188/7 PC A24/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1977. Volume 1. New York Excluding Long Island.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
May 78,567p USGS/WRD/HD-78/012, USGS/WDR/
NY-77/1
See also Volume 2, PB-285 753.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes; stage and contents of reservoirs; water qual-
ity of precipitation; and water levels and water quality
of ground water. This report (Volume 1) contains dis-
charge records for 192 gaging stations; stage only
records for 32 gaging stations (includes 30 lake and
reservoir stations ana 2 other river stations); stage and
contents for 20 other lakes and reservoirs; water qual-
ity for 67 gaging stations (includes 4 lake stations), 17
partial-record stations, and 8 precipitation stations;
and water levels for 40 observation wells. Also includ-
ed are 140 crest-stage partial-record stations and 32
low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not involved in the sys-
tematic data collection program, and are published as
miscellaneous measurements. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System collected
by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with
State, Federal, and other agencies in New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins. Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 189/5 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nebraska, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Lincoln, NE. Water Resources Div.
Jun 78,467p USGS/WRD/HD-78/034, USGS/WDR/
NE-77/1
See also Report for Water Year 1976, PB-268 025.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Ne-
braska consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in
wells and springs. This report contains discharge
records for 143 gaging stations; stage and contents for
10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 37 gaging
stations, 19 ungaged stations, 30 partial-record flow
stations, and 113 wells; and water levels for 68 obser-
vation wells. Also Included are 115 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 10 low-flow partial-record stations.
Additional water data were collected at various sites,
not part of the systematic data-collection program, and
are published as miscellaneous measurements. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nebraska.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nebras-
ka, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 208/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Emmlsslon Update and Projection* for Ohio Air
Quality Maintenance Analysis. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Victor Corbin, and Linda Vincent. Mar 77,294p GCA-
TR-77-05-G, EPA/905/2-77/001
December 1983 535
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
In some areas of Ohio, ISP and SO2 air quality levels
are near or above the annual standards. This study
was designed to determine the area source emissions
for 22 counties, and calculate the contribution of the
area sources to the ambient air quality for an areawlde
receptor grid. To determine if problems will be encoun-
tered in maintaining air quality standards in the future,
the area source emissions were projected for the
years 1980 and 1985. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
Keywords: *Alr pollution, *Ohio, 'Sulfur dioxide, Main-
tenance, Standards, Particles, Forecasting, Sources,
Inventories, Graphs, Computer programs, Fortran, *Air
quality maintenance, 'Total suspended particles, Point
PB-287 207/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Effects In Fabric Filtration: Volume
It. Trlbotlectrlc Measurements and Big Perform-
ance (Annotated Data). Final rept. Sep 73-May 78,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA.
E. R. Frederick. Jul 78,81p EPA/600/7-78/142B
Grant EPA-R-803020
The report describes the construction and application
of a bench-scale, single-bag, experimental filter. It also
describes several complementary evaluation proce-
dures and their data. Especially significant are the
methods for, and results of, electrical determinations
that are not normally applied to filter media and partic-
ulates. The effect of these electrical parameters on the
collection process is used to explain performance vari-
ations. Results of several filtration studies on several
industrial particulates (e.g., from a power plant, and
from metallurgical and chemical processes) are re-
viewed in detail and explained on the basis of electro-
static properties. Flyash collection, for example, was
favored by the use of mld-triboelectric position media
and not by the highly electropositive or electronegative
fabrics that are used for their high temperature proper-
ties. Three different electric furnace dusts tended to
respond best (filtrationwlse) with mid-triboelectric posi-
tion fabrics, modified for different cleaning practices.
Steel grinding and burning dusts offered very critical fil-
tration characteristics that demanded control of aero-
sol flow and paniculate loading, as well as special care
in filter media selection. A ferromolybdenum by-prod-
uct dust was collected best by very electropositive fab-
rics.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Aerosols, 'Electro-
statics, Particles, Electric power plants, Air filters,
Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Dust, Electrical resistivity, Performance eval-
uation, Fly ash, 'Fabric filters.
PB-287 209/1 PC A04/MF A01
Analyses for Mercury In Water - A Preliminary
Study of Methods. Final rept.,
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
OH.
John A. Winter, and Harold A. Clements. Sep 72,65p
EPA-R4-72-003
The Analytical Quality Control Laboratory of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), conducted a
preliminary Interiaboratory study on analysis of organic
and Inorganic mercury by the cold vapor technique.
Sample concentrates were prepared at four mercury
levels and furnished to the analysts with the known
values. Analysts added an aliquot of each concentrate
to distilled water and to a surface water of their choice.
Single analyses were made on the distilled and on the
surface water samples with and without the known In-
crements, using the EPA Method and a method of their
choice (Other Method). Recoveries were compared.
The accuracy and precision of the methods were
noted as were interferences from natural water sam-
ples. In this comparative study, the EPA Method was
equal or superior to the Other I
precision In 80% i
samples con
was equal or superior fo the Other Method. This study
indicates that If water samples contain mercury in or-
ganic form, a method involving a vigorous digestion
step such as that In the EPA Method must be used to
obtain a good recovery.
536 Vol. S3, No. 26
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Mercury organic com-
pounds, 'Mercury inorganic compounds, Chemical
analysis, Samples, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Accuracy, Precision, Per-
formance evaluation, Tables(Data), Laboratory equip-
ment, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-287 210/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Status of IERL-RTP Environmental Assessment
Methodologies for Fossil Energy Processes. Final
rept. Jul 77-Jun 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
John L Warren. Jul 78,108p EPA/600/7-78/151
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report summarizes the status of the following envi-
ronmental assessment (EA) methodologies: current
process technology background, environmental data
acquisition, current environmental background, envi-
ronmental objectives development, control technology
assessment, and environmental alternatives analysis.
After discussing the mechanism used to prepare the
report, It reviews the need for additional research In:
basic research, analytical methods, environmental
models, and multimedia environmental goals, It sug-
gests Improvement In contractor/EPA coordination,
coordination of EA methodology development with
health effects research, multimedia environmental
goal coordination, dissemination of results, and Inter-
action with other agencies. It Includes a bibliography of
all published reports and drafts of lERL-RTP's EA
methodology program.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fossil fuels, As-
sessments, Technology, Data acquisition, Bloassay,
Quality assurance, National government, State gov-
ernment, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Regulations, Pollution
control, Substitutes, Mathematicar models, Sources,
Standards, Baseline measurements, Procedures.
PB-287 214/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
OH.
EPA Utility FQD Survey: February-March 1978.
Report for Feb-Mar 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
N. Gregory, G. Isaacs, B. Laseke, M. Melia, and A.
Patkar. Jun 78,100p EPA/600/7-78/051 B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
See also report for Dec 77-Jan 78, PB-279 011.
The report Is an updated supplement to PB-279 011
and should be used in conjunction with it. It presents a
survey of utility flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) systems
in the U.S., summarizing information contributed by the
utility industry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies,
and consulting engineering firms. Systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically, by development status (operational,
under construction, in planning stages, or terminated
operations), by utility company, by process supplier, by
process, by waste disposal practice, and by regulatory
class. It presents data on system design, fuel sulfur
content, operating history, and actual performance. It
discusses problems and solutions associated with the
boilers and FGD systems. Process flow diagrams and
FGD system economic data are appended to the
report.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Flue
gases, Boilers, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Design criteria, Process charting, Sludge disposal,
Sollcf waste disposal, Particles, Suffur dioxide.
PB-287 219/0 PC A18/MF A01
Proceedings of the Flrat and Second USA-USSR
Symposia on the Effects of Pollutant* Upon
Aquatic Ecosystems. Volume I. Duluth, Minnesota,
USA Symposium, October 21-23. 1976. Volume II.
Borok, Jsroslavl Oblast, USSR Symposium, June
22-26,1976.
Environmental Research Ub.-Duluth, MN.
Aug 78,413p EPA/600/3-78/076
Prepared in cooperation with Akademlya Nauk SSSR,
Borok. Inst. Blologll Vnutrennykh Vod.
This publication represents the proceedings of two
symposia conducted jointly by the US EPA and the
Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The published
papers from these symposia contain both broadly
based review papers, designed to familiarize atten-
dees with a wide cross-sectional representation of
ecologically related activities in each country, and nar-
rowly specific state-of-the-art scientific discussions.
The presentations focus upon methodology, historical
aspects, mlcrobial and abiotic degradation processes,
trace metal problems, effects of toxicants, proposed
species Indices, and studies of fate and transport of
pollutants.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fresh water biology, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Meetings, Reviews, Bioassay, Benthos, Nutri-
ents, Stream flow, Toxlclty, Nitrogen, Fresh water
fishes, Aquatic microbiology, Water quality,
Concentration(Compositlon), Great Lakes, Degrada-
tion, Metals, United States, USSR, Water pollution, Eu-
trophicatlon, Path of pollutants, Blolndicators, Trace
metals. 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-287 220/8 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arkansas, Water Year
1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Annual rept.
1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR. Water Resources
Dlv.
1972,189pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/100, USGS/WDR/
AR-71/1
Prepared In cooperation with Arkansas Geological
Commission, Little Rock, Arkansas State Highway and
Transportation Dept., Little Rock, Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Quality Office. See
also PB-287 221.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Ar-
kansas consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes,
and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records
for-104 gaging stations; stage and contents for 14
lakes and reservoirs. Also included are 114 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local.
State, and Federal agencies In Arkansas.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Arkansas, Sampling,
Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Water table.
Drainage, River basins, Observation wells, Water
wells, Temperature, Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), *Hy-
drologic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 221/6 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arkansas, Water Y*ar
1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept. 1
Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR. Water Resources
Div.
1972,220p USGS/WRD/HD-78/101, USGS/WDR/
AR-71/2
Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Geological
Commission, Little Rock, Arkansas State Highway and
Transportation Dept., Little Rock, Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Quality Office. See
also PB-287 220 and PB-287 222.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Ar-
kansas consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water qaulity of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 116 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the Nations
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In Arkansas.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arkan-
sas, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-287 223/2 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Arkansas, Water Year
1972. Part 2. Water Quality Record*. Annual rapt. 1
Oct71-30Sep72.
Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR. Water Resources
Div.
1973,178p USGS/WRD/HD-78/103, USGS/WDR/
AR-72/2
Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Geological
Commission, Little Rock, Arkansas State Highway and
Transportation Dept, Little Rock, Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Quality Office. See
also PB-287 222 and PB-287 224.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Ar-
kansas consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water quality of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 100 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Arkansas.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arkan-
sas, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 225/7 PCA11/MFA01
Water Resource! Data for Arkansas, Water Year
1973. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept. 1
Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR. Water Resources
1974,247p USGS/WRD/HD-78/105, USGS/WDR/
AR-73/2
Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Geological
Commission, Little Rock, Arkansas State Highway and
Transportation Dept., Little Rock, Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Quality Office. See
also PB-287 224 and PB-287 226.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Ar-
kansas consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water quality of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 103 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Arkansas.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Arkan-
sas, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 345/3 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Autotrophic Denltrlflcatlon Using Sulfur Electron
Donor*. Final rept. Apr 74-Apr 78.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Atonzo W. Lawrence, James J. Blsognl, Jr., BUI
Batchelor, and Charles T. Driscoll. Jr. Jul 78,129p
EPA/600/2-78/113
Grant EPA-803505
This research protect Investigated the feasibility of au-
jotrophte denltrlflcatlon as a nitrate removal process
for municipal wastewater. The overall objective of this
Project was to evaluate the microblal kinetics, and to
assess the process performance of autotrophic micro-
"taJly mediated denitrificatJon using sulfur electron
donors. This study was divided into three experimental
Phases. Each phase utilized a different sulfur com-
pound or flow configuration. Included In these phases
wore: continuous flow slurry-type with elemental sulfur
as the electron source; semi-continuous flow, com-
Plete-mlx reactors with thlosulfete or sulflde as the
•Jectron source; and packed bed columnar reactors
with elemental sulfur as the electron source. Based on
theoretical and experimental considerations, kinetic
models and stoichiometric relationships were devel-
oped for the autotrophic denitrification process. The
results of this study indicate that autotrophic denitrifi-
cation with various sulfur species, particularly elemen-
tal sulfur, is a feasible scheme for removal of nitrate
from wastewater effluents.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Sulfur, Inorganic ni-
trates, Feasibility, Bacteria, Reaction kinetics, Math-
ematical models, Microorganisms, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Metabolism, Perform-
ance evaluation, Thermodynamics, 'Denitrification,
Numerical solution, Autotrophy.
PB-267 375/0 PC A03/MF A01
Engineering Costs and Fees for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works • An Estimating
Technique for Design of Treatment Plants. Final
rept. 1972-77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Jul 78,40p* EPA/906/9-78/003
An analysis of costs and manpower efforts expended
to design wastewater treatment works was conducted
by the Construction Grants staff of the Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 6. The purpose of the study
was to establish a mutual basis for estimating/evaluat-
ing manpower requirements and reasonable engineer-
ing fees for EPA projects. Agency personnel collected
actual manpower and financial resources expended on
designing specific wastewater treatment works proj-
ects. This data, adjusted for inflation and other cost
fluctuation, provided an empirical basis for statistical
comparison with other parameters. The relationships
developed provide a methodology for estimating and
analyzing engineering fees for wastewater treatment
plant design. The study's essence is a nomograph and
related table that can determine the median number of
drawings required and corresponding A&E design
costs/manhours.
Keywords: 'Engineering costs, 'Design, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Municipalities, Manpower, Estimating,
Fees, Requirements, Nomographs, Construction,
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-287 387/5 PC A06/MF A01
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Environmental Pollution and Cancer and Heart
and Lung Disease. Annual rept. to Congress no. 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
7 Aug 78,119p' EPA/600/8-78/020
Prepared in cooperation with National Cancer Inst.,
Bethesda, MD., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst.,
Bethesda, MD., National Inst. for Occupational Safety
and Health, Rockville, MD., and National Inst. of Envi-
ronmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
This is the First Annual Report to Congress of the Task
Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung
Disease, as required by Section 402 of Public Law 95-
95. The problem of environmentally related cancer,
heart and lung disease Is very complex. In order that
the problem could be analyzed and acted upon in suffi-
cient depth, the Task Force limited Its scope of activi-
ties for this first year in two ways. First, only one etio-
logical factor-chemical pollutants present In the ambi-
ent and workplace environment-was considered.
Other factors such as smoking, nutrition, radiation,
etc., were deferred for future years. Secondly, with ref-
erence to the charges given by Congress, only inter-
agency coordination and research programs to deter-
mine and quantity relationships between pollution and
diseases were addressed In this first years. Informa-
tion on existing programs relevant to the Task Force's
responsibilities, ana consistent with the above scope,
was collected and Is presented In this report. Total ex-
penditures by the agencies for research Into relations
between cancer, heart and lung disease and chemical
pollution were approximately 207 million dollars in FY
1977. In order to see a short-term trend In the efforts,
Information on actual and planned funding for FY
1977,1978, and 1979 was displayed. The Task Force
considered possible approaches for evaluating the ef-
fectiveness of various sectors of the overall Federal
effort to resolve problems of environmentally related
cancer, heart and lung disease.
Keywords: 'Heart diseases, 'Respiratory diseases,
'Malignant neoplasms, 'Industrial medicine, Environ-
ments, Programs, Tables(Data), Public health, Etiol-
ogy, Legislation, Expenses, National government,
Agencies, Research, Recommendations, Humans,
Risk, Costs, Cancer, Clean Air Act Amendments of
1977, Public Law 95-95, 'Environmental hearth, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Medical research, Health
risks.
PB-287 420/4 PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data tor Alabama, Water Year*
1972-1973. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, University, AL. Water Resources
Div.
1974,322p USGS/WRD/HD-78/085, USGS/WDR/
AL-72/73-2
See also PB-287 419 and PB-287 418.
Water resources data for the 1972 and 1973 water
years for Alabama consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 79
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In Alabama.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Ala-
bama, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins,
Streams, Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data),
Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates.
Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Con-
ductivity, 'Water quality data.
PB-287 425/3 PC A16/MF A01
Sinclair Inlet Wastewater Facilities Project, Kltsap
County, Washington. Final environmental Impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 78,356p EPA/910/9-77/047
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Berkeley, CA.
The objective of this project is to provide a wastewater
treatment and disposal system for the Sinclair Inlet
Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) No. 15 within
Kitsap County, Washington. This Environmental
Impact Statement identifies alternatives for providing
wastewater facilities designed to meet residential and
industrial needs as well as the maintenance of environ-
mental quality. The study area covers approximately
260 sq km (100 sq ml) and has a population of 69,300,
the majority of which Is concentrated In the city of
Bremerton.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, 'Sinclair Inlet, Cost analysis,
Environmental impacts, Industrial waste treatment,
Sites, Geomorphology, Economic impact. Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Odors, Hydrology, Ecology, Fluid
flow, Social effect, Washington(State),
Bremerton(Washington).
PB-287 438/0 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emis-
sions from Combustion Sources. Volume I. Meas-
urement Technology. Final rept.
Kappa Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Aug 78,279p* EPA/600/9-78/020A
Contract EPA-68-02-2435
See also Volume 2, PB-287 437.
Technical papers on techniques for measuring primary
sulfate emissions from combustion sources, presented
at a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, are compiled In Volume 1 of a pro-
ceedings. Trie objectives of the workshop were to
review and discuss current measurement methods
and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission with at-
tention focused on sulfurlc acid, sulfates, and sulfur-
bearing paniculate matter; to review and discuss emis-
sion data from various combustion sources operating
under different conditions which Include various pollut-
ant controls, fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen,
etc.; and to delineate and recommend areas In need of
research and development effort. Volume 1 contains
December 1983 537
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
papers under the headings Gas Sampling and Analy-
sis, and Paniculate Sampling and Analysis.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Sulfates, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Particles, *Air pollution, "Meetings, Sulfur dioxide, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Technology,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Flue gases, Sullur triox-
ide, Condensation, Laboratory equipment, Samplers,
Particle size distribution, Aerosols, Raman spectros-
copy, Electric power plants, Furnaces,
Concentration(Composition), Infrared spectroscopy,
*Air pollution detection, EPA method 5, EPA method 6,
Procedures, Coal fires power plants, Stationary
sources, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
PB-287 437/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emis-
sions from Combustion Sources. Volume II. Char-
acterization. Final rept.
Kappa Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Aug 78,275p* EPA/600/9-78/020B
Contract EPA-68-02-2435
See also Volume 1, PB-287 436.
Technical papers on the characterization of primary
sulfate emissions from combustion sources, presented
at a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, are compiled in Volume 2 of a pro-
ceedings. The objectives of the workshop were to
review and discuss current measurement methods
and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission with at-
tention focused on sulfuric acid, sulfates, and sulfur-
bearing participate matter; to review and discuss emis-
sion data from various combustion sources operating
under different conditions which include various pollut-
ant controls, fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen,
etc.; and to delineate and recommend areas in need of
research and development effort. Volume 2 contains
papers under the headings Gas Emissions and Partic-
ulate Emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfates, "Sulfuric acid,
'Particles, 'Meetings, 'Gas analysis, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Physi-
cal properties, Assessments, Fossil fuels, Boilers, fur-
bines, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfur oxides, Sampling, Inorgan-
ic compounds, Metals, Electric power plants,
Concentration(Cqmposition), Plumes, Fly ash, Trace
elements, Acid rain, Oil fired power plants.
PB-287 444-SET PC E12
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soclo-Economlc and Institutional Factors In Irri-
gation Return Flow Quality Control.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Aug 78,596p-in 4v
Set includes PB-287 445 thru PB-287 448.
No abstract available.
PB-287 445/1 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soclo-Economlc and Institutional Factors In Irri-
gation Return Flow Quality Control. Volume I.
Methodology. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Evan C. Vlachos, Paul C. Huszar, George E.
Radosevich, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, and Warren
Track. Aug 78,144p EPA/600/2-78-174A
Grant EPA-R-803572
See also Volume 2, PB-287 446.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-287 444-
The purpose of this study has been to develop an ef-
fective process for implementing technical and institu-
tional solutions to the problem of return flow pollution.
The process developed: (a) defines the problem in
terms of its legal, physical, economic, and social pa-
rameters; (b) identifies potential solutions in relation to
the parameters of the problem; (c) assesses potential
solutions for diverse situations; (d) specifies those so-
lutions or groups of solutions which are the most effec-
tive in reducing pollution and are implementable. This
process is conceptualized in Volume 1 of the study.
Keywords: 'Water rights, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
Water law, Social effect, Cost analysis, Assessments,
Prices, Allocations, Conflicts, Recommendations, Poli-
cies, Flow charting, Decision making, 'Return flow,
'Institutional framework, Duty of water, Socioeconom-
ic factors.
PB-287 446/9 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soclo-Economlc and Institutional Factors In Irri-
gation Return Flow Quality Control. Volume II.
Yaklma Valley Case Study. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Paul C. Huszar, George E. Radosevich, Gaylord V.
Skogerboe, Warren L. Track, and Evan C. Vlachos.
Aug 78,152p EPA/600/2-78-174B
Grant EPA-R-803572
See also Volume 1, PB-287 445, and Volume 3, PB-
287 447.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-287 444-
SET.
The goal of this research project has been to develop
an effective process for implementing technical and in-
stitutional solutions to the problem of irrigation return
flow pollution. This report contains the findings of a
case study of the Yakima Valley, Washington. The
findings are reported according to the proposed proc-
ess, namely: (a) defining the problem in terms of its
physical, legal, economic, and social parameters; (b)
identifying potential solutions in relation to the key pa-
rameters of the problem; (c) assessing the range of
potential solutions for the specific area of concern; and
(d) specifying those solutions or groups of solutions
which are most effective in reducing pollution and are
implementable.
Keywords: "Water rights, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
'Yakima Valley, Conflicts, Resolution, Social effect,
Cost analysis, Assessments, Marketing, Prices, Allo-
cations, Washington(State), Case studies, 'Return
flow, 'Institutional framework, Irrigation water, Socio-
economic factors.
PB-287 447/7 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soclo-Economlc and Institutional Factors In Irri-
gation Return Flow Quality Control. Volume III.
(Middle Rio Grande Valley Case Study. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Warren L. Trock, Paul C. Huszar, George E.
Radosevich, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, and Evan C.
Vlachos. Aug 78,149p EPA/600/2-78-174C
Grant EPA-R-803572
See also Volume 2, PB-287 446, and Volume 4, PB-
287 448.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-287 444-
Degradation of water quality as a consequence of use
in irrigation in the Lower Rio Grande valley of New
Mexico is a largely unavoidable phenomenon. In this
region annual allocations of water to irrigated farms,
about 2.5 acre-feet per acre, are little more than
enough to produce crops. Evaporation and transpira-
tion, occurring because of irrigation, cause concentra-
tions of salts in return flows to be greatly increased,
and the addition of these highly saline return flows to a
quite limited flow of water in the Rio Grande causes
the quality of the river water to be significantly re-
duced. It is possible to affect the quantity and quality of
return flows by improvement of water transport facili-
ties (canals, laterals and ditches) and by improved
management of water on some farms. These two tech-
nical improvements can be accomplished by extension
of technical assistance through existing federal and
state agencies and by cost-sharing programs such as
the Agricultural Conservation Program. But it is also
possible to achieve improved management of water on
farms by facilitating exchanges or sales of allotments
among farmers who are members of Irrigation districts.
Keywords: 'Water rights, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
*Rb Grande Valley, Allocations, Farms, Evapotran-
spiration, Inorganic salts, Rio Grande River, Canals,
Ditches, Improvement, Sales, New Mexico, Case stud-
ies, 'Return flow, Institutional framework, Cost shar-
ing, Socioeconomic factors.
PB-287 448/5 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soclo-Economlc and Institutional Factors In Irri-
gation Return Flow Quality Control. Volume IV.
Grand Valley Case Study. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Paul C. Huszar, George E.
Radosevich, Warren L. Trock, and Evan C. Vlachos.
Aug 78,151pEPA/600/2-78-174D
Grant EPA-R-803572
See also Volume 1, PB-287 445.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, PB-287 444-
SET.
The Grand Valley was used as a case study area for
developing an effective process for implementing
technical and institutional solutions to the problem of
pollution from irrigation return flows. This area is the
most significant agricultural salt source in the Upper
Colorado River Basin. The primary source of salinity is
from the extremely saline aquifers overlying the marine
deposited Mancos Shale formation. Subsurface irriga-
tion return flows resulting from conveyance seepage
losses and over irrigation of croplands dissolve salts
from this formation before returning to the Colorado
River. The most cost-effective technologies for reduc-
ing the salt load are a combination of lateral lining and
on-farm improvements. Farmer participation in such a
program is very important. Implementation will result in
excess water being available for selling, renting or
leasing to water users upstream from Grand Valley.
Keywords: 'Water rights, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
'Grand Valley, Salinity, Subsurface drainage, Aquifers,
Seepage, Inorganic salts, Colorado River, Cost effec-
tiveness, Prices, Colorado, Case studies, 'Return flow,
Institutional framework, Mancos Shale Formation, So-
cioeconomic factors.
PB-287 473/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Turbulence Modeling Applied to Buoyant Plumes.
Interim rept. Jun 76-Jun 77,
Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton, Inc.,
NJ.
M. L. Teske, W. S. Lewellen, and H. S. Segur. Aug 78,
57p EPA/600/4-78/050
Contract EPA-68-02-2285
A viable computer model was developed that is based
on second-order closure of the turbulent correlation
equations for predicting the fate of nonchemically
reacting contaminants released in the atmospheric
boundary layer. The invariant turbulence model dis-
cussed in previous reports has been extended to com-
pute the development of buoyant plumes. Numerical
program capability has been extended by improving
the speed and accuracy of the two-dimensional un-
steady turbulent flow calculation. Plume calculations
are made for buoyant plumes rising into a stable quies-
cent atmosphere and stable, neutral, and unstable
moving atmospheres. An examination of the applica-
tion of an integral approach to our turbulent boundary
layer model is also included.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Turbulent diffusion, 'Atmos-
pheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, Buoyancy, Mathemat-
ical models, Computerized simulation, Two dimension-
al flow, Turbulent flow, Buoyant plume model.
PB-287 490/7 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Western Water Laws and Irrigation Return Flow.
Final rept.,
Resources Administration and Development, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO.
George E. Radosevich. Aug 78,267p EPA/600/2-78/
180
Grant EPA-R-603166
The impact of water law allocation and use of waters
within the Western United States is currently recog-
nized as one of the major constraints to adaptation by
irrigated agriculture of more efficient operation prac-
tices. This project provides a background of the law
and evaluation of the potentials through water law in-
terpretations or changes to implementing improved
water management technology. Specifically, this
report provides a synthesis of water of the 17 western
states, as well as providing a state-by-state account
the water quantity laws, paying particular attention to
features in the laws and their administration that direct
538 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the manner of use and provide incentives or disincen-
tives to more efficient use.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Allocations, "Water law, Con-
straints, Water rights, Evaluation, State(United States),
Recommendations, Area, Policies, Water quality, Man-
agement, Sewage disposal, Drainage, Water con-
sumption, Social effect, Economic factors, United
States, Return flow, Duty of water, Western
RegionfUnited States).
PB-287 498/0 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Land and Water Use Effects on Ground-Water
Quality In Las Vegas Valley. Final rept. 1 Nov 69-31
Jan 74,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Desert Research Inst.
Robert F. Kaufmann. Aug 78,272p EPA/600/2-78-
179
Grant EPA-R-800946
The hydrogeologic study of the shallow ground-water
zone in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada determined the
sources and extent of ground-water contamination to
develop management alternatives and minimize ad-
verse effects. An extensive, computerized data base
utilizing water analyses, well logs, head meas-
urements, and surface flows was developed. Flow
system analysis, gross chemical data and tritium anal-
yses were used in combination with trend surface
techniques to ascertain natural and contaminated
ground-water quality to depths of 0 to 50, 50 to 100,
and 101 to 300 feet. At depths below 100 feet, the dis-
tribution of all constituents reflects natural controls. Ni-
trate and chloride in the zone from 0 to 50 feet are
closely related to waste disposal activities, chief of
which are industrial effluent, treated sewage, and
septic tanks. In addition, tritium is highly indicative of
return flows associated with distribution of Colorado
River water in the Valley.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Land use, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Las Vegas Valley, Management, Hydrogeology,
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Well logging,
Depth, Water wells, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Sewage disposal, Tritium, Septic tanks, Colorado
River, Aquifers, Water consumption, Nevada, Arid
land, Return flow, Water quality.
PB-287 509/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
New Mexico Air Quality Maintenance Plan Devel-
opment Assistance. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
Dec 76,111p
Contract BOA-68-02-1380
In New Mexico, the counties of Bernallllo, Dona Ana,
Santa Fe, San Juan, and Chavez were designated as
sir quality maintenance areas (AQMAs) on June 2,
1975. A requirement under an AQMA designation is for
the State to conduct a comprehensive analysis for
each area and develop a plan to maintain air quality
standards. The tasks involved reviewing and updating
emission data for paniculate matter (TSP) and carbon
monoxide (CO); forecasting emissions to 1978, 1980,
and 1985; applying the APRAC-1A and AQDM models
for CO and TSP respectively; and reviewing the AQMA
designations. Significant sources contributing to the
TSP problem include fugitive dust from unpaved roads,
dirt parking lots, and construction activities. Diffusion
modeling results for CO were found to represent nei-
ther the magnitudes nor temporal distribution of meas-
ured CO concentrations. Modeling results for TSP indi-
cate that standards will continue to be violated in Ber-
nalillo and Dona Ana Counties, and that standards will
be violated in Santa Fe County by 1985.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'New Mexico, Management
planning, Standards, Carbon monoxide, Participates,
Inventories, Concentration(Composition), Mainte-
nance, Mathematical models, Graphs, Forecasting,
State government, 'Region 6, 'Air quality mainte-
nance planning areas, Total suspended particulates,
Point sources.
PB-287 514/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Outlook, 1977 National, Regional
and Sectoral Trends and Forecasts 1975, 1985,
1990. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Peter W. House, and Roger D. Shull. Jul 78, 79p EPA/
600/9-78/011
This document contains projections of residuals from
various energy and industrial activities which may
enter the environment as an outcome of implementing
the President's National Energy Plan (NEP) issued on
April 29, 1977. The Strategic Environmental Assess-
ment System (SEAS) was the comprehensive simula-
tion model used to provide the projections. The projec-
tions encompass regional breakdowns by source for
various pollutants in air, water, and solid wastes, in-
cluding toxic substances. The trends are expressed as
1985 and 1990 multiples of their respective 1975
values.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, *Air pollution,
'Water pollution, 'Solid wastes, Metal industry, Iron
and steel industry, Paper industry, Chemical industry,
Electric utilities, Petroleum industry, Food industry.
Coal mining, Manufacturing, Industries, Industrial
plants, Trends, Forecasting, National Energy Plan,
Strategic Environmental Assessment System, 'Indus-
trial sector.
PB-287 521/9 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion ot Hydrothermally Treated Coals.
Final rept. Aug 75-Jun 77,
Battelle Memorial Inst. Columbus, OH. Columbus
Labs.
E. P. Stambaugh, R. D. Giammar, E. L. Merryman, J. S.
McNulty, and K. C. Sekhar. Apr 78,156p EPA/600/7-
78/068
Contract EPA-68-02-2119
The report gives results of an evaluation of: (1) the re-
lationship of the combustion characteristics of hy-
drothermally treated (HTT) coals to environmental
emissions, boiler design, and Interchangeability of
solid fuels produced by the Hydrothermal Coal Proc-
ess (HCP) with raw coals currently being used as the
source of energy; and (2) the conversion of solubilized
coal to terephthalic acid. Results indicate that the HTT
coals are clean solid fuels that, in many instances, can
be burned with little or no sulfur emissions. Flue gas
SO2 concentrations were well below Federal Sulfur
Emission Standards for New Sources. The HTT coal
was found to burn as well as or better than raw coal.
Trace metals emissions should be significantly re-
duced because of the lower concentrations in HTT
coals. Therefore, the use of HTT coal in conventional
boilers and furnaces should reduce environmental pol-
in wet-bottom than in dry-bottom furnaces because of
potential fouling and slagging associated with their
alkali content. However, additives may possibly be
used to reduce fouling and slagging. The coal solubi-
lized during desulfurization can be converted to ter-
ephthalic acid by the oxidatlon-Henkel reaction. How-
ever, low yields suggest that this approach may not be
economical.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, *Alr pollution, Desulfuri-
zation, Sulfur dioxide, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Boilers, Furnaces, Rue gases, Economics, Phthalic
acids, Combustion, Nitrogen oxides, Process charting,
Carbon oxides, Leaching, Byproducts, Trace ele-
ments, Humic acids, 'Hydrothermal systems, 'Air pol-
lution abatement.
PB-287 532/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Air and
Hazardous Materials Dlv.
Tampa Bay Are* Photochemical Oxldant Study.
Appendix C. Monoterpene Emission Rates from
Stash Pin*. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency /Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Walter F. Burns, Louis C. Grothaus, Richard W. Field,
David T. Tlngey, and Marybeth Manning. Aug 78,26p
EPA/904/9-78/013
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-282 350.
There is a growing awareness concerning the role of
vegetation as a source of reactive hydrocarbons that
may serve as photochemical oxidant precursors. This
study assessed the influence, independently, of light
and temperature on monoterpene emissions from
slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm). Plants were pre-con-
ditioned in a growth chamber then transferred to an
environmentaly controlled gas-exchange chamber.
After samples of the chamber atmosphere were col-
lected, the monoterpenes were concentrated cryogen-
ically and measured by gas chromatography. Five
monoterpenes, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene,
limonene and B-phellandrene were present in the
vapor phase surrounding the plants in sufficient quanti-
ty to measure reliably. Light did not directly influence
monoterpene emission rates since emissions were
similar in the dark and at various light intensities. Mon-
oterpene emission rates increased exponentially with
temperature (i.e., emissions depend on temperature in
a log-linear manner). The sum of the 5 monoterpenes
ranged from 3 to 21 micrograms C/g dry wt/hr as tem-
perature was increased from 20 to 46C.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Terpene hydrocarbons,
'Pine trees, Florida, Plants(Botany), Sampling, Data
analysis, Temperature, Laboratory equipment, Oxi-
dizers, 'Slash pine, Photochemical oxidants, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Tampa(Florida).
PB-287 548/2 PC A15/MF A01
Journal Holdings Report -1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Li-
brary Systems Branch.
Sep76,341p* EPA-LIB-78-03
See also report for Year 1976, PB-266 173.
The report is the fifth annual Journal Holdings Report
of the EPA Library System. It represents the holdings
of all EPA libraries and the Library, Illinois Institute for
Environmental Quality. It contains approximately 3,000
titles and 8,629 holdings.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, 'Catalogs(Publications),
Libraries, Books, Periodicals, Subject indexing, Ab-
stracts, Public health, Environmental survey, Environ-
mental impacts, Ocean environments, Management,
Soils, Noise pollution, Pesticides, Urban areas,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Wastes, Ecology, Authors,
Radiation, National government, 'Union catalogs, En-
vironmental Protection Agency.
PB-287 555/7 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
The Coupled Trickling Filter-Activated Sludgs
Process: Design and Performance. Final rept.
1968-74,
Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, CA.
Richard J. Stenquist, Denny S. Parker, and William E.
Lottin. Jul 78, 251p EPA/600/2-78/116
Contract EPA-68-03-2175
A case history report was prepared on the upgrading of
the Livermore, California, Water Reclamation Plant
from a conventional trickling filter plant with tertiary ox-
idation ponds to a coupled trickling filter-activated
sludge plant producing a nitrified effluent low in BODS,
suspended solids, and coliform organisms. The report
covers planning, design, construction, startup, and op-
eration and performance of the upgraded Livermore
plant. Capital costs and operation and maintenance
expenses are also given. Data and information from
Livermore were used in conjunction with data from
other coupled trickling filter-activated sludge plants to
similar upgradings elsewhere. Over 7 yr of records
from Livermore show that the coupled trickling filter-
activated sludge process is extremely stable and reli-
able. Effluent BODS and suspended solids concentra-
tions of 10 to 20 mg/l can be obtained, along with am-
monia nitrogen concentrations less than 1 mg/l.
Monthly median total coliform concentrations of 2.1
MPN/100 ml were consistently achieved at Livermore
using high chlorine dosages and a chlorine contact
tank with good hydraulic characteristics. The coupled
trickling filter-activated sludge process is particularly
adaptable to existing conventional trickling filter plants
where stringent, new discharge requirements have
been imposed and where existing structures and
equipment are in good condition and can be used in an
upgraded facility.
Keywords: 'Trickling filtration, 'Activated sludge.
'Sewage treatment, 'Nitrification, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
December 1983 539
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Concentration(Composition), Chlorination, Coliform
bacteria, California, Water reclamation,
Livermore(Californla).
PB-287 S65/6 PC A02/MF A01
Feeding by Alaska Whlteflsh, Coregonus nelsonl,
During the Spawning Run. Journal article,
CorvaTlls Environmental Research Lab., College, AK.
Arctic Environmental Research Station.
James E. Morro, Eldor W, Schallock, and Glenn E.
Bergtold. 1976,4p EPA/600/J-76/080
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Fishery Bulletin, v75, nl, 1976.
Active feeding by a Coregonid species during pre-
tpawning run is documented. Alaska Whitefish, Core-
Bonus nelsoni, fed extensively on eggs of least Cisco,
Coregonus sardinella, during early October, 1977 in
the Cnatanika River near Fairbanks, Alaska. Volume of
eggs per stomach ranged between 1.5 and 42.4 ml (X
• 19.96 ml). Numbers of eggs per stomach ranged
between 200 and 7,842 (X • 3,574). Other isolated
food items Included aquatic invertebrates and verte-
brates, and debris.
Keywords: 'Feeding habits, 'Fresh water fishes,
•Reproduction(Biology), Feeding stuffs, Eggs, Animal
migrations. Alaska, Reprints, spawning, Coregonus
nelsonl.
PB-287 566/4 PC A02/MF A01
•The Effect of Chronic Ozone Exposure on the Me-
tabolite Content of Pondwosa Pine Seedlings.
Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingley, Raymond G. Wllhour, and Carol
Standley. Sep 76,11 p EPA/600/J-78/081
Pub. in Jnl. of Forest Science v22, n3, p234-241, Sept.
1976.
Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings
grown in field exposure chambers and fumigated with
ozone at a concentration of 200 g/cu m 6 h/day; 7
days/wk for variable periods of up to 20 weeks. Pines
were harvested at 4 wk intervals to determine the
levels of the metabolites in tops (stem and needles)
and roots. The ozone exposure affected the metabo-
lite pools In the roots and tops differentially. The ozone
treatment had no effect on the nitrogen or amino acid
content of the tops but increased the levels of these
pools in the roots. The levels of the soluble sugars,
starch, and phenols tended to increase in the tops and
decrease In the roots of the ozone-exposed plants.
The ozone treatment had no effect on the lignin con-
tent in either the roots or the tops.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Pine trees, 'Air pollution, Expo-
sure, Field tests, Metabolism, Harvesting, Nitrogen,
Amino acids, Oregon, Reprints, 'Pinus ponderosa.
PB-287 567/2 PC A02/MF A01
Halocsrbon Interferences In Chemllumlnescent
Measurement* of NOx. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Surendra B. Joshi, and Joseph J. Bufalinl. May 78,5p
EPA/600/J-78/034
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, V12,
n5,p597-599, May 1978.
Anomalous NOx responses were observed when halo-
carbons were irradiated In the presence of oxides of ni-
trogen. Interferences to chemiluminescent NOx moni-
tor using heated carbon converter were studied for
phosgene, trl-chloroacetyl chloride, chloroform, chlo-
rine, and hydrochloric acid. Data show positive inter-
ferences in the NOx monitor due to the test compound,
either individually or as mixtures. Substituting an
FeSO4 converter for the heated carbon converter may
solve the problem. This information may be of particu-
lar Interest to smog chamber researchers and to those
making NO2 measurements In areas where halocar-
bon levels are relatively high. It Is speculated that ex-
but additional work is needed to substantiate this hy-
pothesis.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Gas analysis, 'Moni-
tors, Chemilumlnescence, Performance evaluation,
Halogen organic compounds, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, •Air pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-287 573/0 PC A02/MF A01
Attrition In Distributed Delay Models. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
John VanSickle. Sep 77,6p EPA/600/J-77/135
Pub. in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi-
neers, Inc., v SMC-7, n9, p635-638, Sept. 1977.(PC
A02/MFA01).
Distributed time delay models are extended to deal
with loss of entities from within the process being mod-
eled. Analysis of a time-invariant distributed delay
shows that the statistics of individual transit times
through a delay process can be very sensitive to attri-
tion incurred during the delay.
Keywords: Mathematical models, Delay time, Time lag,
Comminution, Process charting, 'Distributed delay,
Reprints.
PB-287 574/8 PC A02/MF A01
Organic Carbon - A Nonspecific Water Quality In-
dicator for Lake Superior. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
W. J.Maier.andW. R. Swain. 1978,9p EPA/600/J-
78/050
Pub. in Water Research v12, p523-529,1978.
Organic matter is ubiquitous in surface waters and its
presence is generally recognized as being detrimental
to water quality. This paper is the first part of a study of
the distribution of organic carbon in Lake Superior
Basin waters. Temporal and spatial distribution of or-
ganic carbon in open waters and in the vicinity of pollu-
tion inflows are described. Base line concentration
levels have been established, and the use of organic
carbon measurements as an overall indicator of water
quality is discussed.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Water quality, 'Lake Superior,
Organic compounds, Surface waters, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Monitoring, Distribution(Property), In-
frared spectroscopy, Concentration(Composition),
Correlation techniques, Great Lakes, Baseline studies,
Reprints, 'Total organic carbon, Water quality data.
PB-287 600/1 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenate on Surviv-
al and Energy Metabolism of Embryonic and
Larval Steelhead Trout. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Gary A. Chapman, and Dean L. Shumway. 1978,17p
EPA/600/J-78/051
Pub. in Pentachlorophenol, p285-299 1978. Prepared
in cooperation with Federal Power Commission, Wash-
ington, DC. Bureau of Power.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of
technical grade sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP)
on the early developmental stages of the steelhead
trout (Salmo gairdneri). In an experiment where em-
bryos were exposed to Na-PCP from fertilization to
hatching, 100% mortality occurred within one week
after fertilization at concentrations down to 300 ppb
(g/l); within 24 hours posthatch, 100% mortality oc-
curred down to 50 ppb of Na-PCP. Alevin dry weight at
hatch was decreased by exposure to Na-PCP and
hatching was delayed. In 5-day tests, alevins usually
died within 24 hours at concentrations down to 200
ppb, but little mortality occurred at lower concentra-
tions. Continuous exposure to Na-PCP from fertiliza-
tion to complete yoik absorption produced 100% mor-
tality at 40 ppb Na-PCP but little mortality at 20 or 10
ppb. However, in water containing 5 mg O2/I, 20 ppb
Na-PCP was 100% lethal and at 3 mg 02/I, 10 ppb
was 100% lethal. Little mortality occurred at these
oxygen levels in the absence of Na-PCP. Oxygen con-
sumption rates of alevins in 40 ppb Na-PCP was higher
than those of control alevins. Exposure to Na-PCP re-
duced yolk utilization efficiency and growth. The bioen-
ergetic data obtained in the study are consistent with
the concept that POP disrupts energy metabolism.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Trout, 'Toxicology, Embryos, Ex-
perimental data, Mortality,
Concentration(Compositlon), Exposure, Lethal
dosage, Metabolism, Physiological effects, Fresh
water fishes, Chlorine organic compounds, Bloassay,
Tables(Data), Oxygen consumption, Reprints, Steel-
head trout, Salmo gairdnerii, 'Sodium pentachloro-
phenate, *Toxic substances, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-287 601/9 PC A02/MF A01
Fecal Indicator Bacteria Persistence Under Natu-
ral Conditions In an Ice-Covered River. Journal ar-
ticle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College, AK.
Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Charlotte V. Davenport, Elena B. Sparrow, and Ronald
C. Gordon. 18 May 76,12p EPA/600/J-76/082
Pub. in Appl. and Environmental Microbiology, p527-
536 Oct 76.
Total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal
streptococcus (FS) survival characteristics, under nat-
ural conditions at OC in an ice-covered river, were ex-
amined during February and March 1975. The mem-
brane filter (MF) technique was used throughout the
study, and the multiple-tube (MPN) method was used
in parallel on three preselected days for comparative
recovery of these bacteria. Survival was studied at
seven sample stations downstream from all domestic
pollution sources in a 317-km reach of the river having
7.1 days mean flow time (range of 6.0 to 9.1 days). The
mean indicator bacteria densities decreased continu-
ously at successive stations in this reach and, after ad-
justment for dilution, the most rapid die-off was found
to occur during the first 1.9 days, followed by a slower
decrease. After 7.1 days, the relative survival was
TC
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
days) and 40% were dead after 835h (35 days). No fur-
ther mortality occurred at 120 or 115%. However, at
120 and 116% saturation, survivors exhibited many
aublethal lesions such as hemorrhaglng and emphyse-
ma (bubbles) in the mouth, on the gills arches, body
surface, and fins, etc. No deaths or signs of gas bubble
disease occurred In the fish held at 110% saturation In
water 2 ft (60 cm) deep. The lethal threshold was near
114% saturation.
Keywords: 'Fishes, "Air, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Mor-
tality, Supersaturatlon, Columbia River,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Water pollution, Experi-
mental data, Pathology, Tables(Data), Physiological
effects, Reprints, Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus
nerka, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), Threshold
limit values, 'Toxic substances.
PB-287 604/3 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Missouri, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Rolla, MO. Water Resources Div.
Aug 78,294p USGS/WRD/HD-78/058, USGS/WDR/
MO-77-1
See also PB-271 339. Prepared in cooperation with
Missouri Dept. of Natural Resources, Jefferson City.
Div. of Geology and Land Survey, and Missouri State
Highway Dept., Jefferson City.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Mis-
souri, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water quality of ground
water. This report contains discharge records for 122
gaging stations; stage records for 3 of these gaging
stations; contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs; and water
quality for 21 gaging stations, 11 partial record sta-
tions, 1 lake and 3 wells. Also Included are data for 99
crest-stage partial record stations. These data repre-
sent that part of the National Water Data System oper-
ated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
State and Federal agencies In Missouri.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Missouri,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, • Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 606/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Manual for Conatructlon and Operation of Toxle-
tty-TMtlng Proportional Dlluters,
environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. E. Lemke, W. A. Brungs, and B. J. Halllgan. Jul 78,
81 p EPA/600/3-78/072
This paper presents a discussion of the testing proce-
dures using proportional diluters. The construction,
calibration, and operation of the equipment Is ex-
plained, and trouble shooting techniques necessary
tor successful use of such equipment are given. A bib-
liography Includes many related published materials
out are not discussed In the text but which should be
useful to the reader. Included are numerous citations
°n Physical toxicity testing methods, but papers on sta-
tistics or biological test procedures are not included.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Dilution, 'Test equipment,
Measuring Instruments, Manuals, Procedures, Tests,
Construction, Bibliographies, Water pollution,
lablespata), Operations, Calibrating, Water analysis,
"••tan criteria, Performance evaluation, Chemical
•"•lysis, Laboratory equipment, Monitoring, 'Water
Pollution detection.
PB-287 611/8 PC A19/MF A01
™«ter Resources Data for Washington, Water
Year 1677. Volume I. Western Washington. Annual
f»Pt. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Jul 78,445p USGS/WRD/HD-78/054, USGS/WDR/
WA-77/1
ff« also Volume 1 for 1976, PB-275 886 and PB-287
; resources data for the 1977 water year for
nasnington, consist of records of stage, discharge,
•™ water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
In wells and spring. This report, In two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 258 gaging stations; stage
only records Tor 4 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 44 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 162 sta-
tions, and 7 lakes; and water levels for 173 observa-
tion wells. Also Included are 146 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program and are published as miscellaneous
measurements. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies In Washington.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
*Washington(State), Water quality, Reservoirs,
Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage,
River basins, Observation wells, Sampling, Water
wells, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologlc data, Water levels, Peak dis-
charge.
PB-287 612/6 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Washington, Water
Year 1977. Volume II. Eastern Washington. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Div..
Jul 78,430p USGC/WRD/HD-78/055, USGS/WDR/
WA-77/2
See also Volume 2 for 1976, PB-27S 887 and PB-287
611.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Washington, consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells and spring. This report, in two volumes, con-
tains discharge records for 258 gaging stations; stage
only records Tor 4 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 44 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 162 sta-
tions, and 7 lakes; and water levels for 173 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 146 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program and are published as miscellaneous
measurements. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies In Washington.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
'Washington(State), Water quality, Reservoirs,
Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage,
River Basins, Observation wells, Sampling, Water
wells, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data, * Hydrologlc data, Water levels, Peak dis-
charge.
PB-287 631/8 PC A02/MF A01
The Responses of Prairie Deer Mice to a Field
802 Gradient Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Chilgren. 1978,6p EPA/600/ J-78/062
Pub. In Proceedings Joint Conference on Sensing of
Environmental Pollutants (4th), p61-651978.
A capture-mark-release study of deer mice (Peromys-
cus) was conducted on two 10-acre grassland areas
(Zonal Air Pollution Systems or ZAPS) at monthly Inter-
vals from April to September 1976. Both areas were
subdivided Into four In-line experimental plots, with
three smaller plots as buffer zones. Each of the experi-
mental plots was fumigated at a median 802 concen-
tration of nearly 0 (control), 2.2 (low), 3.9 (medium) and
6.5 (high) pphm, respectively. Three functional groups
of mice were recognized: resident adults and juveniles
(group 1); transient adults and juveniles (group 2); and
resident and transient adults (group 3). Temporal dis-
placement and numerical replacement of group 1 was
directed toward areas of lower SO2 concentration.
Members of group 2, especially juveniles, were
trapped more Frequently on the control of low S02
plots on ZAPS 2, but transient juveniles were virtually
absent from ZAPS 1. Recruitment of group 3 onto the
control plots at both ZAPS occurred more rapidly than
onto other plots in late summer. Throughout most of
the trapping period, the number of occupied traps on
all fumigated plots decreased relative to control plots
on both ZAPS, and remained relatively higher on con-
trol plots from mid-season to the experiments conclu-
sion.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Toxicology, Responses,
Experimental data, Mice, Sampling, Air pollution, Sen-
sitivity, Grassland, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Air
pollution detection, Deer mice, Peromyscus manlcula-
tus, 'Toxic substances, *Alr pollution effects(Anlmals),
Blolndlcators.
PB-287 632/4 PC A02/MF A01
Semlpermeable Membrane System for Subjecting
Plants to Water Streas. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tlngey, and Cynthia Stockwell. 21 Feb 77,5p
EPA/600/J-77/134
Pub. In Plant Physlol., v60 p58-601977.
A system was evaluated for growing plants at repro-
ducible levels of water stress. Beans (Phaseolus vul-
garis L.) were grown In vermicullte, transferred to a se-
mlpermeable membrane system that encased the root
vermlculate mass, and then placed Into nutrient solu-
tions to which various amounts of polyethylene glycol
(PEG) 20M were added to control solution water po-
tential. The membrane (Spectrapor 1) had a minimum
molecular weight cutoff that excluded the PEG 20M.
The plants equilibrated with the nutrient solution within
1 to 4 days, and exhibited normal diurnal water rela-
tions. Use of the Semlpermeable membrane system to
Induce water stress reduces many of the problems as-
sociated with hydroponic media.
Keywords: *Plants(Botany), 'Membranes, Plant physi-
ology, Bean plants, Hydroponics, Evaluation, Plant
growth, Polyoxyethylene, Vermiculite, Tables(Data),
Experimental data, Phaseolus vulgaris, Reprints.
PB-287 653/0 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Connecticut, Water
Year 1971. Part 1, Surface Water Record*. Part 2,
Water Quality Records. Part 3, Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Hartford, CT. Water Resources
Div.
1972,285p USGS/WRD/HD, USGS/WDR/CT-71/1
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Con-
necticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 85 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 13 lakes and 25 reservoirs; water quality
for 19 gaging stations, and water levels for 28 observa-
tion wells. Also Included are 95 low-flow and 44 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies In Connecticut.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Con-
necticut, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 664/8 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Connecticut, Water
Year 1972. Part 1, Surface Water Records. Part 2,
Water Quality Reoorda. Part 3, Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Hartford, CT. Water Resources
Div.
1973,279p USGS/WRD/HD-78/117, USGS/WDR/
CT-72/1
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Con-
necticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 66 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 33 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
28 gaging stations, and water levels for 26 observation
wells. Also included are 103 low-flow and 59 crest-
December 1983 541
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies in Connecticut.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, "Con-
necticut, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 6S5/S PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Connecticut, Water
Year 1973. Part 1, Surface Water Record*. Part 2,
Water Quality Records. Part 3, Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Hartford, CT. Water Resources
Dlv.
1974,261 p USGS/WRD/HD-78/118, USGS/WDR/
CT-73-1
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Con-
necticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 64 gaging stations; water quality
for 23 gaging stations, and water levels for 25 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 104 low-flow and 58 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies in Connecticut.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Con-
necticut, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 656/3 PC A08/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Connecticut, Water
Year 1974. Part 1, Surface Water Records. Part 2,
Water Quality Records. Part 3, Qround Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Hartford, CT. Water Resources
Div.
1974,270p USGS/WRD/HD-78/119, USGS/WDR/
CT-74/1
See also report dated Apr 76, PB-254 435.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Con-
necticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 61 gaging stations; stage only
records for 3 gaging stations; stage and contents for
36 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 55 gaging
stations, and water levels for 25 observation wells.
Also Included are 54 low-flow and 61 crest-stage par-
tial-record stations. Additional water data were collect-
ed at various sites, not part of the systematic data col-
lection program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Connecticut.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Con-
necticut, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow. Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells. Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals. Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 696/9 PC A20/MF A01
American-Soviet Symposium on Use of Math-
ematical Models to Optimize Water Quality Man-
agement Held at Kharkov and Rostov-On-Don,
USSR on December 9-16,1975. Final rept. Dec 75,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. T. Davies, and V. R. Lozanskiy. Sep 78,468p EPA/
600/9-78/024
The American-Soviet Symposium on Use of Math-
ematical Models to Optimize Water Quality Manage-
ment examines methodological questions related to
simulation and optimization modeling of processes
that determine water quality of river basins. Discus-
sants describe the general state of development and
application of mathematical models designed to pre-
dict and optimize water quality management in the
USA and USSR. Subjects of papers presented by
American and Soviet specialists include: planning
comprehensive water quality protection systems; mod-
eling water quality in river basins; geographic-econom-
ic aspects or pollution control systems; identification of
ecosystem models by field data; management deci-
sions for lake systems on a survey of trophic status,
limiting nutrients, and nutrient loadings; a descriptive
simulation model for forecasting the condition of a
water system; mathematical ecosystem models and a
description of the water quality in water bodies; math-
ematical modeling strategies applied to Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron, to eutrophical processes in Lake Ontario,
to hydrodynamics and dispersion of contaminants in
the nearshore, and to coastal currents in large lakes;
and the construction of a model of Lake Baikal on the
principles of self-organization. Publication of the pro-
ceedings held December 9-16, 1975, in Karkov and
Rostov-on-Don, USSR, is in compliance with the
Memorandum from the Fourth Session of the Joint
American-Soviet Committee on Cooperation in the
Field of Environmental Research.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water quality
management, 'Meetings, Water pollution, Rivers,
Lakes, Optimization, Water flow, Eutrophication, Eco-
systems, US-USSR Agreement in the Field of Environ-
mental Protection.
PB-287 706/6 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1977. Annual Water-data rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 78,403p USGS/WRD/HD-77/025, USGS/WDR/
VA-77/1
See also report for Year 1976, PB-272 772.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Vir-
ginia, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of wejls and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for 198 gaging stations; stage only for
1 gaging station; stage and contents for 9 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 32 gaging stations; and
water levels for 49 observation wells. Also included are
data for 95 crest-stage partial-record stations. Addi-
tional water data were collected at various sites, not
part of the systematic data collection program, and are
published as miscellaneous measurements. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Virginia.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Virginia,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells. Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-287 707/4 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Sulfur In Fuel Oils by Energy Disper-
sive X-Ray Fluorescence. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MO. An-
napolis Field Office.
E. R. Trovato, J. W. Barren, and J. L. Slayton. Jan 78,
12pTP-15, EPA/903/8-78/006
Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence was used to ana-
lyze for sulfur in oil In commercially prepared stand-
ards, NBS standards and laboratory samples. The
technique of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence for
sulfur was found to be accurate, precise, and required
minimal sample preparation. In addition it was non-de-
structive, and enabled the simultaneous determination
of sulfur and its interfering elements: phosphorus; zinc;
barium; calcium; and chlorine.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Fuel oils, 'Chemical analysis, Air
pollution, X ray analysis, X ray fluorescence, Stand-
ards, Phosphorus, Zinc, Barium, Calcium, Chlorine, Ac-
curacy, Nondestructive tests, Performance evaluation,
Field tests.
PB-287 730/6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollutants from Synthetic Fuels Production: Facili-
ty Construction and Preliminary Tests. Phase rept
Nov 76-Apr 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. G. Cleland, F. O. Mixon, D. G. Nichols, C. M.
Sparacino, and D. E. Wagoner. Aug 78,128p EPA/
600/7-78/171
Grant EPA-R-804979
The report describes the facility construction and gives
results of preliminary tests for a project that seeks a
fundamental understanding ol the factors and condi-
tions that cause the production of environmental pol-
lutants in synthetic fuels processes. Tasks include: op-
eration of a laboratory-scale coal gasification facility;
collection and chemical analysis of effluent stream
samples; compilation and analysis of resulting data;
and evaluation of these data. The experimental system
operates successfully and reliably at gasification tem-
peratures up to 1370 K, pressures up to 1.2 MPa, and
gas generation rates of about 20 standard liters/min.
Analytical chemical methods, developed for analysis
of effluents from these coal gasification tests, promise
to achieve the required levels of sensitivity and extent
of compound identification and quantitation. For exam-
ple, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer/com-
puter analysis is used to quantltate organic com-
pounds. The major pollutant classes are benzene and
its substituents, thiols and sulfides, phenols, fused po-
lycyclics, sulfur heterocyclics, and inorganic sulfur
compounds.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Gas analysis, 'Industri-
al plants, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Polycyclic compounds,
Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Forecasting, Chemical reactors, Particles, Or-
ganic compounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Benzene, Sulfides, Thiols, Phenols, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Computer aided analysis, Procedures.
PB-287 731/4 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Statistical Analysis of Fugitive Emission Change
Due to Refinery Expansion. Final task rept. Feb-Jul
78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Hugh J. Williamson, and Lloyd P. Provost. Sep 76,62p
EPA/600/2-78/195
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report discusses a statistical approach for deter-
mining if a planned petroleum refinery expansion can
be carried out without increasing fugitive emissions.
The random uncertainty of the empirically determined
emission factors is taken into account during the deter-
mination. The method presented is designed to handle
different control strategies In the existing and planned
facilities and different strategies for different types of
devices (e.g., pumps and valves) if necessary. It is also
possible to evaluate different options for reducing
emissions to acceptable levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Statistical analysis,
'Refineries, 'Petroleum industry, Random error, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, Emission factors, Numerical solution.
PB-287 741/3 PC A03/MF A01
Statistical Analysis of Dissolved Oxygen Sampling
Procedures Employed by the Annapolis Field
Office. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Off Ice.
542 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Joseph L Slayton, Robert B. Ambrose, Jr., and
Elizabeth Fowler Nyhan. Jul 76,34p TP-14, EPA/903/
9-78/005
The Rule Industries' Rule Master 1300 (submerged)
and Dayton Electric Teel 1P580 (surface mounted)
pumps were evaluated for use as Winkler dissolved
oxygen samplers. The pumps were found sufficient for
sampling D.O. at deficits as high as 9 mg/l. The sub-
merged Rule Master pump was preferred since it was
less sensitive to variations in operating procedures.
Keywords: *Pumps, *0xygen, 'Water analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Dissolved gases, Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution detection, Winkler test, Procedures.
PB-287 743/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Use of Small Otter Trawls In Coastal Biological
Surveys. Final rept. Mar 75-Mar 76,
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project,
El Segundo.
Alan J. Mearns, and M. James Allen. Aug 78,43p
CONTRIB-66, EPA/600/3-78/083
Grant EPA-R-801152
Ecological surveys using small otter trawls provide
useful and informative data on demersal fish and epi-
benthic macroinvertebrates of coastal soft bottom
areas. This report presents recommendations for se-
lecting and using small otter trawls in coastal biological
surveys and suggests methods for handling catches
and processing data. Use of small trawls in monitoring
surveys is an adaptive use of their original purpose in
commercial fishing. Many investigators have made ef-
fective use of small trawls in ecological surveys and
some of this work is reviewed. Nets ranging In hea-
drope length from 10 to 16 feet are recommended for
shallow waters, estuaries, lagoons and aboard small
boats; 25-foot nets are recommended for open coastal
areas. Use of the gear, accessory gear and care and
trouble-shooting procedures are described.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fishes, 'Invertebrates,
Coasts, 'Surveys, Data processing, Fishing, Nets,
Boats, Design, Lagoons(Ponds), Estuaries, Abun-
dance, Sampling, Assessments, Recommendations,
Environmental surveys, 'Otter trawlers, Fishing equip-
ment.
PB-287 744/7
PC A04/MF A01
Computar Cost Models for Potable Water Treat-
ment Plants. Final rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Daniel L Guttman, and Robert M. Clark. Sep 78,71 p*
EPA/600/2-78/181
A series of computer programs have been developed
which calculate costs for specific unit treatment proc-
esses used in water treatment plants. The programs
contained in this report are as follows: chlorination,
chlorine dioxide, ozone, and granular activated carbon
adsorption. Tables are provided which display input
and output variables, standardized values for varia-
bles, a key for variable input, and the costs associated
with five different sized plants for all programs. In addi-
tion, program listings and sample outputs for all pro-
grams are contained in an appendix. The costs gener-
ated by the programs are categorized as capital and
O&M expenditures.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Mathematical models,
'Cost analysis, 'Computer programs, Chlorination,
Ozone, Chlorine oxides, Activated carbon, Adsorption,
Potable water, Disinfection.
PB-287 746/2 PC A05/MF A01
Assessment of 1977 Water Quality Conditions In
the Upper Potomac Estuary. Technical rept. Jul 77-
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Leo J. Clark, and Stephen E. Roesch. Jul 78,83p
EPA/903/9-78/008
A multi-objective water quality monitoring program was
conducted In the Potomac Estuary from July to Sep-
tember 1977. This program was comprised of slack
water sampling, wastewater effluent sampling, and a
series of special studies to further describe different
facets of the dissolved oxygen budget Including some
algal related impacts. This report presents all of the
data collected during the study along with an enumera-
tion of the findings and conclusions that were based
on a detailed analysis of this data.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Potomac River Estuary,
Algae, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Nutrients, Photosyn-
thesis, Sampling, Herbicides, Sewage, Towed bodies,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Ocean currents, Phos-
phorus, Diurnal variations, Statistical data, 'Water
quality data.
PB-287 754/6 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Boom Configuration Tests for Calm-Water,
Medium-Current Oil Spill Diversion. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Michael K. Breslin. Aug 78,49p EPA/600/2-78/186
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
The purpose of this test program was to determine the
effects of boom angle, length, and rigging configura-
tion on diversion of oil floating on moving streams. The
B.F. Goodrich Seaboom was chosen for the program
because of its availability, durability, and stability. It
was rigged In different diversionary modes and towed
into an oil slick at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Oil & Hazardous Materials Simulated Envi-
ronmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility at various
speeds, until critical stability speed was attained.
Boom performance was recorded on photographs,
video tapes, and observer notes. Results were evalu-
ated In terms of the percentage of oil lost beneath the
boom and away from the rear of the boom. A 'nozzle-
shaped' boom configuration achieved the best diver-
sion at tow speeds examined above 1.0 m/s. Different
exits from the nozzle configuration were investigated
to find which one released the oil with the least amount
of entrainment and spreading. A straight exit with ta-
pered ends worked best. Tests were conducted in ac-
cordance with a test matrix developed by the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, Containment,
'Booms(Equipment), Water pollution, Test facilities,
Towed bodies, Bell nozzles, Convergent divergent
nozzles, Performance tests, Ocean currents, OH spills,
'Oil pollution control, Water pollution control.
PB-287 766/6 CP T04
Kinetics Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Pack-
age. Software,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gerald L. Glpson, and Gerald K. Moss. Jul 78, mag
tape EPA/600/8-78/014B, EPA/DF-78/009
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half Inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products If you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-286 248.
The Kinetics Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Pack-
age (OZIPP) computer program can be used to simu-
late ozone formation in urban atmospheres. OZIPP
calculates maximum one-hour average ozone concen-
trations given a set of Input assumptions about Initial
precursor concentrations, light intensity, dilution, diur-
nal and spatial emission patterns, transported pollut-
ant concentrations, and reactivity of the precursor mix.
The results of multiple simulations are used to produce
an ozone isopleth diagram tailored to particular cities.
Such a diagram relates maximum ozone concentra-
tions to concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons
cal Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) to calculate
emission reductions necessary to achieve air quality
standards for photochemical oxldants...Software De-
scription: This program is written in the Fortran pro-
?ramming language for implementation on a UNIVAC
110 computer using the EXEC-8 operating system.
41K words of core storage are required to operate the
model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Urban
areas, 'Computerized simulation, Mathematical
models, Reaction kinetics, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Computer programs, Atmospheric models, At-
mospheric diffusion, Photochemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Fortran, Magnetic tapes,
OZIPP computer program, UNIVAC-1110 computers.
PB-287 770/2 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Barren River Reservoir, Allen and Barren Coun-
ties, Kentucky. Final rept. Mar 73-Mar 74.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 77,62p WORKING PAPER-350
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Kentucky Dept.
for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection,
Frankfort, and Kentucky National Guard, Frankfort.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the take's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophlcation Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are Included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Barren River Reservoir,
Surveys, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Bio-
assay, Primary biological productivity, Chemical prop-
erties, Water quality, Drainage, Nutrients, Sources,
Kentucky, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Allen
County(Kentucky), Eutrophication, Barren
County(Kentucky).
PB-287 771/0 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Sweetwater County,
Wyoming, and Daggett County, Utah. Final rept.
Oct 74-Oct 75.
National Eutrophicatlon Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,70p WORKING PAPER-885
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Wyoming Na-
tional Guard, Cheyenne, and Wyoming State Dept. of
Environmental Quality, Cheyenne.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Flaming Gorge Reser-
voir, Surveys, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Bloassay, Primary biological productivity,
Chemical properties, Water quality, Drainage, Nutri-
ents, Sources, Wyoming, Tables(Data), Utah, 'Water
quality data, Eutrophication, Sweetwater
County(Wyoming), Daggett County(Utah).
PB-287 781/8 PC A99/MF A01
Pesticide Data Submitters. Part I. Listing of Pesti-
cide Data Submitters In Environmental Protection
Agency Files by Chemical. Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
17Oct78,864p'
A computer-generated list of pesticides by chemical
code and the Pesticide Companies that have submit-
ted data In support of review by the Office of Pesticide
Programs. Included are the complete addresses of the
companies. The pesticides are Indexed by common
English names of the chemicals. The report Is of pri-
mary Interest to pesticide companies wishing to cite
other data in support of an EPA action.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Data sources, Chemical In-
dustry, Indexes(Documentation), Chemical com-
pounds, Coding.
PB-287 788/1 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Base lor Coal
Liquefaction Technology; Volume I. Systems for
14 Liquefaction Processes. Final rept. Feb 77-Aug
78,
Htttman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Craig S. Koralek. and Subhash S. Patel. Sep 78,204p*
EPA/600/7-78/184A
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-283 028.
December 1983 543
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The two-volume report, prepared as part of an overall
environmental assessment (EA) program for the tech-
nology Involved In the conversion of coal to clean
liquid fuels, and the Standards of Practice Manual for
the Solvent Refined Coal Liquefaction Process (EPA-
600/7-78-091) represent the current data base for the
EA of coal liquefaction technology. This volume sum-
marizes pertinent Information about 14 prominent coal
liquefaction systems now being developed. For each
system. It Includes a brief description, a flow diagram,
and a list of materials entering and leaving the system.
Potential applicable control techniques are described
generally, along with the current status and develop-
ment plans for the 14 systems. The main conclusion
from this volume Is that these processes are not envi-
ronmentally defined In the published literature; howev-
er, there Is some Indication that current development
plans may help to correct this situation.
Keywords: ' 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Technology, Assessments, Hydroge-
natlon, Pyrolysis, Extraction, Catalysis, Process chart-
Ing, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Coal liq-
uefaction, Hydrocarbonlzatlon, Solid wastes.
PB-287 800/7 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Baa* for Coal
Liquefaction Technology: Volume II. Syntholl, H-
Coal, and Exxon Donor Solvent Proceaaes. Final
rept. Feb 77-Aug 78,
Hlttman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
C. Leon Parker, and Dewey I. Dykstra. Sep 78,482p*
EPA/600/7-78/184B
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
See also PB-287 799.
This volume is an environmental characterization of
three selected coal liquefaction systems: Synthoil, H-
Coal, and Exxon Donor Solvent It documents and
evaluates existing environmentally significant data.
System characterization Includes an integrated multi-
media assessment of discharges to the environment
from conceptualized 7,950 cu m (50,000 bbl) per day
systems. Estimates are given for the raw waste
streams, treatment and control processes, treated
waste stream discharges, and the effects of these dis-
charges on the environment. Conclusions Include: (1)
carbon-containing residues from process phase sepa-
rations are major potential environmental problems;
(2) except for solid carbon-containing residues from
phase separations, treatment and controls exist for re-
moving most major waste componems-however, their
efficiency In controlling coal liquefaction waste
streams needs to be tested; and (3) less attention has
been addressed to trace organic and inorganic com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution,
Water pollution. Assessments, Residues, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Techology, Industrial
wastes, Solid waste disposal, Comparison, Process
charting, 'Coal liquefaction, Synthola process, H-coal
process, Exxon donor solvent process.
PB-287 817/1 PC A99/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Ecological Implications of QeopreMured-Qeo-
thermal Energy Development Texas-Louisiana
Qulf Coast Region,
Texas Univ. at Austin, Port Aransas. Marine Science
Inst.
Thomas C. Quatavson, M. M, McQraw, Mills Tandy,
Faust Parker, and Donald E. Wohlschlag. Aug 77,
670pFW3/OBS-78/60
Contract DM 4-16-0008-2141
Prepared In cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin.
Bureau of Economic Geology. Sponsored In part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development. Library of Con-
gress Catalog Card no. 78-0600098.
This report reviews the ramifications of commercial de-
velopment of thermal-hydraulic energy for the genera-
tion of electrical power. It includes an extensive review
of Information regarding fish and wildlife, and the esti-
mated Impact From geothermal developments; a
review of geothermal energy conversion systems, con-
trasting them with alternate systems; and a listing of
unique or endangered species within the region.
s: 'Energy source development, 'Geothermal
s, 'Ecology, Geopressured systems, Geo-
Keywords: 'Eneq
resources,
thermal fluids, Brines, Environmental impacts, Forest-
ry, Birds, Fisheries, Fishes, Mammals, Wildlife, Texas,
Louisiana, Exploitation, Bibliographies, Abstracts,
Ecology, 'Gulf Coast Reglon(Unlted States), Endan-
gered species, 'Environmentaleffects.
PB-287 820/5 PC E03/MF A01
Report on FY 1977 Numerical Modeling In Puget
Sound. Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
C. S. Smyth. Jun 78,54p NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-30,
NOAA-78092102
Prepared by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Seattle, WA. Pacific Marine Environmen-
tal Lab. Includes one sheet of 24X reduction micro-
fiche.
A simple single-phase pollutant trajectory model and
two basic components, a method for computing sur-
face currents, and a method for computing surface
winds, were developed for the Puget Sound region.
The model simulates the motion of a number of dis-
crete floating elements under the Influence of surface
currents, surface winds, and parameterized diffusion.
The floating elements may be Introduced from several
(possibly moving) sources. The computed paths of
these elements approximate the paths that would be
followed by a single-phase floating pollutant. The
model is operational and may be accessed via voice-
grade telephone lines.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Puget Sound, 'Math-
ematical models, Ocean currents, Wind(Meteorology),
Diffusion, Floating, Air water interactions, Trajectories,
Dispersing, Motion, Interpolation, Algorithms, Inter-
faces, washington(State), Model studies, MESA
project, Path of pollutants.
PB-287 622/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
Performance Testing of the Tetradyne High
Speed Air Jet Skimmer. Final rept. 13 May 76,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
William E. McCracken, and Sol H. Schwartz. Aug 78,
45p EPA/600/2-78/187
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated
the performance of the prototype Tetradyne High
Speed Air Jet Skimmer at their OHMSETT test facility
at Leonardo, New Jersey. The skimmer depends on an
air-jet Impacting the water surface at an angle and de-
flecting rapidly moving, floating, spilled material lateral-
ly Into a low-current chamber for ease In recovery. The
objective of the testing program was to determine the
ability of the Tetradyne skimmer to pick up a large
area, thin film (0.1-1.0 mm) spill of floating oil In water
currents up to 3 m/s. The four test fluids used during
the program, No. 2 fuel oil, naphtha, and two lubricat-
ing stocks, encompassed a wide range of physical
properties. The recovery performance parameters de-
termined were recovery rate and throughput efficiency,
The effects of film thickness, fluid viscosity, fluid spe-
cific gravity, and fluid interfaclal tension on skimmer
performance parameters under fast current conditions
are presented. Modifications for futher Improving per-
formance are recommended.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Control jets, 'Skimmers,
Water pollution control, Booms(Equlpment), Towed
bodies, Test facilities, Performance tests, Ocean cur-
rents, Water waves, 'Oil pollution removal. Air jet skim-
mers, 'OH pollution control, OH spills.
PB-287 823/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Dlv.
Treatment of Wastewaters from Adhesive* and
Sealant* Manufacture by Ultraflltratlon. Final rept.
1 Mar 76-30 Jul 77,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Research Div.
Myles H. Kleper, Robert L. Goldsmith, Tam Van Tran,
David H. Steiner, and John Pecevlch. Aug 78,135p
EPA/600/2-78/176
Grant EPA-S-604350010
Prepared In cooperation with Grace (W. R.) and Co.,
Lexington, MA. Dewey and Almy Chemical Dlv.
Ultrafiltration was proven to be a viable unit process
for separating adheslves and sealants manufacturing
wastewaters Into a low volume concentrate stream
and a high volume permeate stream. The UF permeate
was characterized by the following average contami-
nant loadings: 100 mg/l total freon extractives, <7.4
mg/l non-polar freon extractives, <27 mg/l (typically
<5 mg/l) suspended solids, 0.43 mg/l free cyanide,
3.6 mg/l total cyanide, 8,900 mg/l BOD, 36,600 mg/l
COD, 44.6 mg/l phenolic compounds and 1.5 mg/l
zinc. A treated effluent of this quality is acceptable for
discharge under the San Leandro Municipal Discharge
Limitations with the exception of the phenolic com-
pound and total cyanide loadings. Surcharges would
be imposed, however, based on the suspended solids
and BOD loadings. If significant levels of phenolic
compounds and cyanide are not present in a particular
plant's wastewater discharge, ultraflltratlon Is Judged
capable of meeting local Municipal Discharge Stand-
ards. When phenolic compounds and cyanide are
present at significant levels either ozonatlon or reverse
osmosis are considered the preferred post-treatment
processes. None of the treatment system options In-
vestigated is considered capable of reducing adhe-
sives and sealants manufacturing plant wastewater
BOD and COD loadings to the recommended Effluent
Limitations Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Adhesives, 'Sea-
lants, Industrial waste treatment, Manufacturing, Filtra-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Carbon,
Absorption, Fluorohydrocarbons, Field tests, Equip-
ment, Ozonation, Reverse osmosis, 'Ultrafiltration,
Freons.
PB-287 827/0 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Advanced Waste Treatment for Housing and
Community Developments. Final rept. Apr 71-Jun
Levitt and Sons, Inc. Greenwich, CT.
Russell Bodwell. Sep 78,153p EPA/600/2-78/168
Contract EPA-68-01 -0077
Treatment of wastewater from a subdivision In a physi-
cal-chemical treatment plant (screening, chemical co-
agulation, sedimentation, filtration, carbon adsorption,
chlorination) was evaluated. The 190 cu m/day
(50,000 gal/day) plant was housed in the shell of a
standard house on a standard lot In a 127 home subdi-
vision. During the 18 month evaluation period excellent
treatment was achieved (99% removal of BODS, 'Sus-
pended Solids, and Total Phosphorus). Shock load-
Ings had almost no effect on plant performance be-
cause an equillzation tank leveled out peaks and be-
cause of the ability of the physical-chemical processes
to absorb excess loading. Extensive data on temporal
characteristics of wastewater from a subdivision were
collected during the evaluation. An experimental
sludge filter and fluldlzed bed incinerator were installed
to process the sludge but were not extensively used.
The former did not function, the latter suffered from re-
peated mechanical breakdowns. Sludge was periodi-
cally hauled to a landfill by a septic-tank-hauler. Ac-
ceptance of the presence of a sewage treatment plant
In the midst of the subdivision was excellent. No com-
plaints of any type were registered by the homeown-
ers. The system cost was higher than for a convention-
al plant. The actual construction cost exceeded
' " ' ere greater than
$0.53 per cubic meter ($2.00 per 1000 gallons). At the
measured flow of 206 gal per home per day this r
Is repre-
ed that significant reductions In these costs would
result from a redesign based on the experiences
gained during the demonstration period.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Coagulation, Sedimen-
tation, Filtration, Adsorption, Chlorination, Perform-
ance evaluation, Solid waste disposal, Sludge dispos-
al, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Residential buildings,
'Physical chemical treatment, Sludge treatment.
PB-287 829/6 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
La* Vega* Valley Water Budget: Relationship of
Distribution, Consumptive Use, and Recharge to
Shallow Ground Water. Final rept. 1 Nov 69-31 Jan
74,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Desert Research Inst.
Ralph 0. Patt. Jul 78,72p EPA/600/2-78-159
544 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-800946
Estimates of quantity and geographic distribution of re-
charge to the shallow ground-water zone from water
use return flows in Las Vegas Valley were made for the
years 1973, 1965,1958, 1950, and 1943 as part of a
broader study on the impact of water and land use on
ground-water quality. Considered components of
water use in Las Vegas Valley include the following:
supply from surface and ground water; agriculture
using potable water; agriculture using sewage effluent;
residential lawn watering; lawn watering of parks,
schools, cemeteries, hotels, motels; golf courses using
Potable water; golf courses using sewage effluent
water; septic tank recharge; evaporative coolers;
system losses; industrial use; power plant cooling;
swimming pool use; consumptive use by phreato-
phytes; in-valley recharge from precipitation, and 'un-
accounted for water1. Consumptive use of plants was
calculated through use of the Blaney-Criddle method
as 3.47 feet per year and recharge was assumed to be
trie difference between applied water and calculated
consumptive use.
Keywords: 'Ground water recharge, *Water consump-
tion, 'Las Vegas Valley, Depth, Volume,
Distribution(Property), Water distribution, Potable
water, Agriculture, Mathematical prediction,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Residential buildings,
Parks, Septic tanks, Businesses, Industrial plants,
Nevada.
f B-287 830/4 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Demonstration of Ultraflltratlon and Carbon Ad-
sorption for Treatment of Industrial Laundering
Wastewater. Final rept. Mar 76-Apr 77,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Research Div.
Myles H. Kleper, Robert L. Goldsmith, and Arye Z.
Gollan. Aug 78,122p EPA/600/2-78/177
Grant EPA-S-804367-01
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Industrial
Launderers, Inc., Washington, DC.
This study of industrial laundry wastewater treatment
by ultrafiltration and activated carbon adsorption has
indicated that a consistently high quality product water,
Potentially reusable within the laundry, can be pro-
duced. The operation of the spiral-wound ultrafiltration
modules was, however, hindered by the fouling tend-
ency of the feed stream. Average module permeate
mix was therefore low. This factor, in turn, resulted in
nigh capital and operating cost estimates for full-scale
treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Laundries, 'Ad-
sorption, Industrial waste treatment, Filtration, Activat-
ed carbon, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Cost
analysis, Pilot plants, Process charting, Design criteria,
Ultrafiltration, 'Waste water reuse.
£8-287 832/0 PC A04/MF A01
health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
rh* Muttlelenwntal Analysis of Drinking Water
Using Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE).
Final rept. 24 Fob 75-26 Apr 77,
^urdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, IN. Div. of
gponsored Programs.
P. C. Simms, and F. A. Rickey. Sep 78,60p EPA/600/
Contract EPA-68-03-2178
A new, rapid, and economical method for the multiele-
mental analysis of drinking water samples is de-
scribed. The concentrations of 76 elements heavier
than aluminum are determined using proton-induced x-
ray emission (PIXE) technology. The concentration of
sodium Is evaluated using an atomic absorption ap-
proach. Targets for PIXE analysis are prepared from
aqueous samples using a new 'vapor' filtration' tech-
nique. Each target is bombarded with protons, sup-
plied by a nuclear generator. The resulting x rays are
Observed with an energy-sensitive semiconductor de-
tector and the data recorded and processed with an
on-line computer. Excellent detection limits (0.1 to 100
PPb) are obtained for most of the elements heavier
tnan silicon.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Potable water, X ray
analysis, Chemical analysis, Atomic spectroscopy, X
Jay fluorescence, Performance evaluation, Samples,
Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Proton induced x ray emission, Drinking water.
PB-287 834/6 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Appendix to Entralnment at a Once-Through
Cooling System on Western Lake Erie. Volume II.
Appendices. Final rept. 1 Sep 72-31 Dec 75,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
Richard Allen Cole. Aug 78,258p EPA/600/3-78/077
EPA-R-801188
See also Volume 1, PB-286 953.
The report is a compilation of data for Entrainment at a
Once-Through Cooling System on Western Lake Erie.
Keywords: 'Entrainment, 'Fisheries, 'Algae, 'Intake
systems, 'Lake Erie, Cooling water, Benthos, Plank-
ton, Electric power plants, Larvae, DensityfMass/
volume), Abundance, Primary biological productivity,
Mortality, Temperature, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Tables(Data), Michigan.
PB-287 848/0 PC A17/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Atlas of Western Surface-Mined Lands: Coal, Ura-
nium, and Phosphate,
NALCO Environmental Sciences, Northbrook, IL
A. Kent Evans, E. W. Uhleman, and P. A. Eby. Jan 78,
396p FWS/OBS-78/20
Contract DI-14-16-0009-77-004
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry. Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-
600096.
The atlas contains available information on all coal,
uranium, and phosphate surface mines in excess of 10
acres that were In operation prior to 1976 in the west-
ern 11 contiguous states plus North Dakota and South
Dakota. It is assembled In a format that allows a sys-
tematic and comprehensive review of surface-mined
lands so that appropriate areas can be selected for In-
tensive biological assessment of natural and man-in-
duced revegetation and refaunation. For each identi-
fied mine, the following information has been obtained
wherever possible: geographic location and locating
instructions, operator and surface and subsurface
ownership, summary of the mining plan and methods,
summary of the reclamation plan and methods, dates
of operation, area affected by mining activities, recla-
mation history, where applicable, and current land use
and vegetation conditions.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Uranium ore deposits,
•Phosphate deposits, 'Surface mining,
Mines(Excavations), Site surveys, Environmental Im-
pacts, Land reclamation, Vegetation, Government poli-
cies, Legislation, Geologic maps, Water quality, To-
pography, Land use, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado,
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming,.
Idaho, Utah, Inventories, Reviews, 'Western
Region(Untted States), Coal mine spoil.
PB-287 858/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Elolse, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallls, OR.
Dec 77,35p WORKING PAPER-250
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Eloise, Surveys, In-
organic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Bloassay, Pri-
mary biological productivity, Chemical properties,
Water quality, Drainage, Nutrients, Sources, Florida,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Polk
County(Florida), Eutrophication.
PB-287 859/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Trout Lake, Lake County, Florida. Final rept. Feb
73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,38p WORKING PAPER-278
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Trout Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, 'Water quality data, Eu-
trophication, Lake County(Florida).
PB-287 860/1 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Jessie, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,38p WORKING PAPER-259
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition anal limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
(Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Jessie, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, 'Water quality data, Eu-
trophication, Polk County(Florida).
PB-287 871/8 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Heavy Duty Fuel Economy Program. Phase III.
Transient Cycle Evaluations of the Advanced
Emissions Control Technology Engine. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Charles M. Urban. May 78,190p SWRI-11 -4311 -002,
EPA/460/3-78/005
Grant EPA-68-03-2220
See also Phase 2, PB-273 427.
This report describes the laboratory effort toward fur-
ther evaluating the emissions and fuel economy per-
formance of the advanced emissions control technol-
ogy engine configuration optimized in Phase II of this
project. An additional intent of Phase III was to obtain
data toward establishing a linking mechanism between
data generated previously using various different oper-
ating cycles and test procedures. Project tasks includ-
ed: examination and overhaul of the engine used
during Phase II, nine-mode and transient cycle emis-
sions and fuel consumption evaluations, and recom-
mendations for future work. For the transient cycle
evaluations, which included light-duty FTP and experi-
mental CAPE-21 cycles, the engine was installed into
an appropriate heavy-duty truck. All transient cycle
emissions and fuel consumption evaluations were con-
ducted on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer and uti-
lized a truck-size constant volume sampler.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Gasoline engines, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Fuel consumption, Air pollution control
equipment, Exhaust systems, Dynamometers, Check-
out equipment, Sampling, Statistical data, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Diagnostic equipment,
Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-287 887/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Enhanced Hydrodynamlcal-Numerlcal Model for
Near-Shore Processes. Final rept. 1975-1977,
Compass Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA.
December 1983 545
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. A. Bauer, and A. D. Stroud. Jul 78, 70p EPA/600/3-
78/073
Contract EPA-68-03-2225
An optimized version of a multilayer Hansen type Hy-
drodynamical-Numerical (HN) model is presented and
discussed here as the basis for the following experi-
mental extensions and enhancements developed to
more appropriately handle near-shore processes:
Non-linear term extension to facilitate small-mesh
studies of near-shore, including river inflow dynamics;
Layer disappearance extension to enable appropriate
procedures in tidal flat and marshy regions, as well as
some down/upwelling cases; Thermal advection en-
hancement for treatment of thermal pollution cases by
method of moments coupled wi'h heat budget proce-
dures for dynamic plume development experiments;
Monte Carlo diffusion enhancement to deal with dis-
persion via statistical methods and comparison to the
method of moments experiments. Extensive efforts
were invested in determining reasonable and appropri-
ate boundary conditions for both the basic model and
the extended versions presented here.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Numerical analysis, Monte Carlo method, Marshes,
Nonlinear differential equations, Mathematical pro-
gramming, Plumes, Diffusion theory, Optimization,
*Hydrodynamic models, HN model, Wetlands, Tidal
flats, Method of moments.
PB-287 891/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Crowley, Mono County, California. Final rept.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 7B, 26p WORKING PAPEH-743
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Crowley, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Mono County(California).
PB-287 892/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Lake Chalan, Chelan County, Washington. Final
rept. Sep 74-Oct 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, NV.
Dec 77,51 p WORKING PAPER-866.
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
pia.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Chelan, Water
quality. Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Washington(State),
'Water quality data, Eutrophication, Chelan
County (Washington).
PB-287 900/5 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium/Workshop on Petro-
leum Refining Emissions Held at Jekyll Island,
QA., April 1978,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Susan R. Fernandas. Sep 78,176p RAD-78-200-187-
24-08, EPA/600/2-78/199
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The proceedings document presentations made
during the symposium/workshop which brought to-
gether knowledgeable and concerned individuals to
discuss the current and future status of emissions from
petroleum refineries. The program included technical
presentations from both regulatory and control tech-
nology areas of EPA, from private contract research
organizations, from state pollution control agencies,
from refining companies, and from equipment design
and manufacturing companies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Refineries, 'Petroleum in-
dustry, 'Meetings, Forecasting, Regulations, Design
criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Leak-
age, Monitoring, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Sources, Inspection, Equipment, Fugitive emissions,
Emission factors, Point sources, Stationary sources.
PB-287 910/4 PC A21/MF A01
Public Hearing Transcript: Federal Non-Nuclear
Energy Research and Development Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Steve Plotkin, and Jim Stemmle. Jul 78,477p EPA/
600/9-78/023
This document presents the proceedings of three days
of public hearings on the Federal Non-nuclear Energy
Research and Development Program. The document
is presented in three sections: (1) Future Energy Pat-
terns and Levels of Coal Use, (2) Solar Energy and
Conservation, and (3) Oil Shale and Synthetic Fuels
from Coal.
Keywords: 'Energy source development, 'Meetings,
Solar energy conversion, Synthetic fuels, Oil shale,
Coal, Energy conservation, Energy consumption, Wind
power, Biomass, Environmental impacts, Proceedings.
PB-287 933/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Klsslmmee, Osceola County, Florida. Final
rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,43p WORKING PAPER-261
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Kissimmee, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Osceola County(Florida).
PB-287 934/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Crescent Lake, Flagler and Putnam Counties, Flor-
ida. Final rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,41 p WORKING PAPER-246
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Crescent Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Flagler County(Florida), Putnam
County(Florida).
PB-287 936/9 PC A05/MF A01
Techniques for the Measurement of Acoustic Im-
pedance of Asphalt. Final rept. Aug 76-Mar 77,
National Engineering Lab. (NBS), Washington, DC.
Acoustical Engineering Div.
Peter A. Mansbach, and Curtis I. Holmer. Oct 78,94p
NBSIR-78-1541
Prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Five techniques were used in an attempt to measure
the very high acoustic impedance of an asphalt sur-
face. These techniques are:' Impedance Tube, Pure-
Tone Traverse, Pulse-Echo, Broad-Band Cross-Corre-
lation, and Direct Accelerometer Measurement. These
techniques are described and evaluated in some
detail, and the results of the measurements are pre-
sented. Of the five techniques, the broad-band cross-
correlation proved to be the most effective, and also is
capable of even further improvement. The value of the
specific acoustic admittance of the sealed asphalt sur-
face obtained with this technique is .007. The effects
of wind and temperature gradients on ray propagation
are derived theoretically, as well as spherical wave-
front corrections to plane-wave reflection. These re-
finements are necessary to realize the full potential of
the broad-band measurement technique. Effects of
the finite test surface impedance on source emission
measurements are discussed. Measurement uncer-
tainties of the order of 1-2 dB due to surface imped-
ance are considered likely.
Keywords: 'Flexible pavements, 'Acoustic impe-
dence, Acoustic measuring instruments, Sound ana-
lyzers, Wind, Temperature gradients, Transportation
noise, Noise pollution, 'Truck noise.
PB-287 937/7 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Low-Sulfur Western Coal Use In Existing Small
and Intermediate Size Boilers. Final rept. Fob 75-
Feb 78,
KVB Engineering, Inc., Tustin, CA.
Kenneth L. Maloney, George L. Moilanen, and P. L.
Langsjoen. Jul 78,444p EPA/600/7-78/153A
Contract EPA-68-02-1863
The report gives results of testing of 10 representative
coal-fired boilers in the Upper-Midwest, including an
assessment of SOx, NOx, CO, unburned HC, and par-
ticulate emissions from these units, as well as an as-
sessment of the operational impact of coal switching.
The study showed that western subbituminous coals
can be substituted for eastern bituminous coals as an
industrial boiler fuel. Western coals are compatible
with industrial coal-fired units of current design. Two
unit types of older design (underfed and traveling grate
stokers) experienced difficulty burning western coal. In
some cases, the boiler's maximum load capacity had
to be limited, a problem that can be eliminated by prfl-
dryirvg the coal or by increasing superheat steam at-
temperation capacity. Western subbituminous coals
were superior to eastern coals in terms of SOx, NOx,
particulate, and unburned HC emissions. Western
coals could be fired at lower excess air and exhibited
substantially lower combustible losses than eastern
coals. The size of delivered western coal was a prob-
lem in most of the stoker-fired units tested: it generally
had too large a percentage of fine coal, caused by its
poor weathering characteristics. Stoker performance
on western coal can be improved by sizing the coal at
the point of use, to reduce delivery distances to about
200 miles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Boilers, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Parti-
cles, Coal, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Stokers, Equipment, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Design criteria, Process charting, 'Low sulfur
coal, 'Air pollution abatement, Procedures.
PB-287 947/6 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake George, Putnam and Volusla Counties, Flor-
ida. Final rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,42p WORKING PAPER-251
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
546 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
- -....-=! iviai yuuaphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Lake George, Water
Quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, *Water quality
Jala, Eutrophication, Putnam County(Florida), Volusia
County(Florida).
£B-287 948/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Qritfln, Lake County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Feb74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Oct 77, 42p WORKING PAPER-254
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
[ng and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
.,
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
norlda National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
<"8 lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
Of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also Provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
o* the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Griffin, Water qual-
"V. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, Florida, "Water quality data, Eu-
tfophfcation, Lake County(Florida).
PB-288 005/2 PC A02/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Jjhesapeake Bay Program.
L.CB Concentration* In Striped Bats and Eggs.
nnal rept. 19 Apr-15 Jul 76,
•vestingnouse Ocean Research Lab., Annapolis, MD.
Joseph M. Forns. Jul 76, 12p EPA/903/9-78/019
Jhe research project studied the accumulation of Poly-
Ohlprinated biphenyls (PCS) in ppm of striped bass
which spawned in the Chesapeake Bay. Samples were
Collected in the spawning areas of the Chesapeake
°ay region including Nanticoke, Choptank, Elk, Poto-
[Jjao,RappahannocK, and James Rivers. Data includes
we PCS Concentration in females, as well as eggs of
8Wped bass.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Pesticides, "Fishes, "Chesa-
Peake Bay, Tables(Data),
r°noentration(Composition), Females, Eggs, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Water pollu-
S°n. James River, Sampling, Preparation, Nanticoke
"wer, Choptank River, Elk Rrver, Potomac River, Rap-
Pahannock River, Bioaccumulation, "Polychlorinated
•"Phenyls, Striped bass.
jjB-888 008/6 PC A03/MF A01
Vea nmental Monitorln9 and Support Lab., Las
°**tte Lake, Clallam County, Washington. Final
[ept. Sep 74-6ct 75.
Atonal Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, NV.
Sf0 77, 36p WORKING PAPER-873
Lrepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
research Lab., OR., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy- Olympia, and Washington National Guard, Olym-
f*HL
^"nual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
"J» lake were estimated and subdivided according to
n,J?r Point or non-point source origin. An assessment
rf the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
"jo provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
!|9nal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
01 the lake and its tributaries are Included in the report.
JifVWords: "Water pollution, "Ozette Lake, Water qual-
"r< inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
""atement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
management, WashingtonfState), "Water qual-
, Eutrophication, Clallam County(Washington).
PB-288 009/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Elslnore, Riverside County, California. Final
rept. Mar 75-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,29p WORKING PAPER-745
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Elsinore, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Riverside County(California).
PB-288 01S/1 PC A10/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A Compendium of Lake and Reservoir Data Col-
lected by the National Eutrophication Survey In
the Central United States. Final rept. 1974.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Sep 78,202p WORKING PAPER-476
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Morphometric, limnological, and nutrient loading data
are summarized for 153 lakes and reservoirs studied
during 1974 by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's National Eutrophication Survey. The water
bodies for which data are summarized are located in
the states of Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mis-
souri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South
Dakota, and Texas.
Keywords: "Fresh water, "Lakes, "Reservoirs, "Water
pollution, Limnology, Surveys, Nutrients, Phosphorus,
Nitrogen, Drainage, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisi-
ana, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
South Dakota, Texas, "Eutrophication, Morphometry,
Organic loading, Trophic level, Central Region(United
States).
PB-288 033/4 Not available NTIS
Comparison of Sound Power Determinations Con-
ducted In Four Different Acoustic Environments.
Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Peter A. Mansbach. May 78,8p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
Pub. in Proceedings of Inter-Noise 78 Conference, San
Francisco, California May 8-10, 1978 p-269-276 May
78. (Inst. of Noise Control Engineering, Poughkeepsie,
NY.).
The sound power levels emitted by five vacuum clean-
ers and one reference sound source were determined
in four different acoustic environments in accordance
with appropriate domestic and international measure-
ment standards, and also using only four measure-
ment locations, to ascertain any differences between
the various procedures. The study shows general
agreement among the results, (rms differences be-
tween A-weighted sound power levels of 1.0 to 1.5
dB). Determinations conducted in the reverberation
room appear systematically low by about 0.8 dB (A-
weighted sound power level); determinations made
using four microphones may be biased If the micro-
phones are located too close to the source. Use of the
comparison (reference sound source) method elimi-
nated systematic bias and improved the agreement
between environments (rms differences of 0.5 to 1.0
dB).
Keywords: "Acoustic measurement, Power measure-
ment, Noise levels.
PB-288 068/0 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Munson, Leon County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Jun 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,43p WORKING PAPER-268
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Munson, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Leon County(Florida).
PB-288 069/8 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Qlenada Lake, Highlands County, Florida. Final
rept. Mar 73-Nov 73.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Oct 77,28p WORKING PAPER-253
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Glenada Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Highlands County(Florida).
PB-288 078/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Jessup, Semlnole County, Florida. Final rept.
Mar 73-Nov 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,50p WORKING PAPER-260
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Jessup, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Seminole County(Florida).
PB-288 079/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Reedy Lake, Polk County, Florida. Final rept. Mar
73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,43p WORKING PAPER-272
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
Dept. of Environmental Regulation. Tallahassee, and
Florida National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and Its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water potlution, "Reedy Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
December 1983 547
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
quality management, Florida, 'Water quality data, Eu-
trophication, Polk County(Florida).
PB-288 098/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Economic and Energy Analyses of Regional
Water Pollution Control. Final rapt. Apr 76-Apr 78,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Water Resources Re-
search I nst.
Richard J. Heggen, and Kenneth J. Williamson. Sep
78,177p EPA/600/5-78/019
Contract EPA-68-03-2397
Two strategic approaches to water quality control in
Oregon's Willamette River are presently being utilized:
point source treatment and flow augmentation from
reservoirs. Input/Output analysis (I/O1 provides an
econometric methodology to study direct and indirect
energy response to pollution control alternatives. An
energy I/O national model is coupled with a compre-
hensive Willamette River dissolved oxygen model.
Three approaches to environmental controller the Wil-
lamette are examined. One is that of current enforce-
ment coupled with present levels of augmentation. An-
other consists of less augmentation and increased
wastewater treatment. The third approach consists of
increased flow augmentation for water quality control.
Each alternative of environmental control is evaluated
as if it had been practiced in a study year of low natural
runoff. The relation of augmentation for water quality
to other river uses is used to value flow in a benefits-
foregone manner. Reservoir costs are allocated to
water quality. For alternatives of treatment and aug-
mentation, river quality, dollar cost and energy impact
response surfaces are developed.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Willamette River, Government policies,
Multiple purpose reservoirs, Stream pollution, Region-
al planning, Sewage disposal, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Mathematical models, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Recommendations, Geomorphology, Expenses,
Wildlife, Irrigation, Navigation, Oregon, 'Low flow aug-
mentation, Point sources, Energy consumption.
PB-288 109/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Potential Effectiveness of Barriers Toward Re-
ducing Highway Noise Exposure on a National
Scale. Final rept.,
Wyle LabsVWyle Research, Arlington, VA.
Kenneth J. Plotkin, and Vijay K. Kohli. Jul 78,26p*
WR-78-9, EPA/550/9-78/309
Contract EPA-68-01-4374
Calculations have been performed to assess the po-
tential effectiveness of barriers toward reducing noise
exposure from the federal-aid highway system. Noise
exposure, in terms of the numbers of people exposed
to Ldn greater than 80,65,70, and 75 dB, from the pri-
mary federal aid system was computed for present
traffic flow and projected traffic through the year 2000.
Reductions in noise exposure were computed for sev-
eral scenarios of constructing barriers along urban in-
terstate highways. It was found that significant reduc-
tion of noise exposure would require barriers along
most of the urban interstate system. The benefit (in
terms of reduction of exposed population) per mile of
barrier construction was found to be greatest at high
noise levels (Ldn greater or equal to 75 dB). It was
concluded that barriers would not provide a feasible
method for abating noise on a national scale. Their
main benefit is to provide relief in extremely noisy local
applications.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Noise pollution, 'Barriers,
Noise reduction, Interstate highway system, Statistical
data, Effectiveness, "Traffic noise, 'Noise exposure.
PB-288 114/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Methodology for Designing Cost-Effective Moni-
toring and Compliance Strategies for Pesticide
Use. Final rept. Aug 76-Sep 77,
CONSAD Research Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Alan D. Bernstein, and Robert A. Lowrey. Sep 78,21 Op
EPA/600/5-78/020
Contract EPA-68-03-2448
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, it is unlawful for any person to use any regis-
tered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its label-
ing (Section 12(a)(2)(G), as amended). This report
demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of develop-
ing a methodology for designing cost-effective moni-
toring and compliance programs to deal with pesticide
misuse. Because such a methodology was found to be
within the limits of current state-of-the-art technology
and organizational structures, the report provides a
generalized design technique for pesticide regulatory
agencies. The methodology consists of techniques for
analyzing the scope and effects of misuse, ranking
misuse according to potential damages, monitoring
misuse and damages, analyzing and modeling user
procedures, and evaluation compliance strategies. Ad-
ditional work would be required to develop specific
compliance strategies from the general approaches
presented. Although the need to do such work is de-
fensible, potential users must view the methodology as
being a useful tool before the work is performed. Con-
sequently, a series of recommendations are presented
for further formulating, testing, and implementing the
procedures presented in the report.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Monitoring, 'Regulations,
Marking. Methodology, Public health, Environmental
impacts, Taxonomy, Audits, Cost analysis, Utilization,
Pesticide misuse, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, Procedures.
PB-288 120/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement Conference.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Dec 77,151 p EPA/904/9-78/024
The primary thrust of the Environmental Impact State-
ment Conference was to address the various nuances
of statement preparation as well as the administrative
procedures involved thereof. The proceedings pro-
vides this overview together with specific detailed dis-
cussions of the new CEQ guidelines, endangered spe-
cies, prime & unique farmland, wild & scenic rivers. Re-
visions to the Clean Air Act & aspects of archaelogy &
historic preservation. The four workshops divided the
impact statement process into related informational
groupings & provided a vehicle whereby the underlying
reasons for agency (EPA) decisions/procedures could
be discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements, 'Meet-
ings, Guidelines, Rivers, Archaeology, Farms, Revi-
sions, Clean Air Act, Wild rivers, Endangered species.
PB-288 122/5 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Methodologies for Valuation of Agricultural Crop
Yield Changes. A Review. Final rept. 1 Nov 76-31
Mar 78,
Eureka Labs., Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Steve Leung, Walfred Reed, Scott Cauchois, and
Richard Howitt. Aug 78,179p EPA/600/5-78/018
Grant EPA-R-804957
This research effort was initiated with the objective to
complete a review and evaluation of the methodolog-
ical and analytical techniques used to assess and
quantify the economic impact of changes in agricultur-
al crop yields. The review focused on two major areas:
(1) physical effects of man-made and natural factors
on agricultural crop yield, and (2) methodologies and
models used to evaluate and quantify the economic
Impacts of crop yield changes on the farm, the agricul-
tural industry and finally the consumers.
Keywords: 'Agricultural economics, 'Economic
impact, 'Farm crops, 'Air pollution, 'Reviews, Yield,
Production, Climate, Soil properties, Damage,
Plants(Botany), Linear programming, Risk, Evapotran-
spiration, Plant growth, Mathematical models, Recom-
mendations, Consumers, Value, Air pollution
eflects(Plants).
PB-288 153/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Arsenic Determination by the Sliver Dlethyldlthlo-
carbamate Method and the Elimination of Metal
Ion Interference,
Claflin Coll., Orangeburg, SC.
Shingara S. Sandhu. JuF78,38p EPA/600/4-78/038
Grant EPA-R-8041840-01
The interference of metals with the determination of
arsenic by the silver diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC)
Method was investigated. Low recoveries of arsenic
are obtained when cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, ni-
trate, nickel or phosphate are at concentrations of 7
mg/l or above (individually or collectively). A positive
interference is obtained when the concentration of an-
timony is 0.3 mg/l or above and the concentration of
mercury is 1.5 mg/l or above. Prevention of antimony
and mercury interference was found to be possible by
removal with an ion exchange resin. Potassium per-
manganate digestion at 35C was found to be reliable.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Water analysis, Metals, Chemi-
cal analysis, Water pollution, Ion exchanging,
Concentration(Composition), Distillation, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, 'Silver diethyldithiocarbamate method,
Procedures.
PB-288 161/3 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Assessment: Acrylic Acid Manufacture;
State-of-the-Art. Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
R. W. Serth, D. R. Tierney, and T. W. Hughes. Aug 78,
85p MRC-DA-784, EPA/600/2-78/004W
Contract EP A-68-02-1874
This report summarizes data on air emissions from the
production of acrylic acid. Hydrocarbons, carbon mon-
oxide, and nitrogen oxide are emitted from various op-
erations. Hydrocarbon emissions consist of acetalde-
hyde, acetic acid, acetone acrolein, acrylic acid, ben-
zene, phenol, propane, propylene, and other materials.
To assess the environmental impact of this industry,
source severity was defined as the ratio of the time-av-
eraged maximum ground level concentration of a pol-
lutant from a representative plant to the ambient air
quality standard (for criteria pollutants) or to a reduced
threshold limit value (for noncriteria pollutants). Source
severities were not greater than 1.0 for any criteria or
noncriteria pollutant. Emissions from acrylic acid
plants are not expected to increase in the future as
plants are installing incinerators on new plants to con-
trol emissions.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Acrylic acid, 'Air pol-
lution, Manufacturing, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Environmental im-
pacts, Incinerators, Sources, Combustion products, Air
pollution control, Design criteria, Process charting, In-
dustrial wastes, State of the art.
PB-288 162/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Operational Results for the Plscataway Model S
MOD AWT Plant Final rept. Apr 72-Jun 74,
Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Hyatts-
ville, MD.
Thomas P. O'Farrell, and Robert A. Menke. Sep 78,
108p EPA/600/2-78/172
Grant EPA-S-802943
A 5 mgd tertiary wastewater treatment plant was con-
structed to demonstrate treatment of effluent from a 5
mgd step aeration activated sludge plant. The two-
stage high lime process with intermediate recarbona-
tion, filtration and activated carbon adsorption operat-
ed at the design rate for 36 days between two failures
of the reactor clarifiers. A single-stage low lime proc-
ess with filtration and activated carbon adsorption op-
erated for 89 days. The combined secondary and terti-
ary treatment removed > 97% of BOD, TSS and P in
the raw wastewater. Capital cost of the 5 mgd two-
stage high lime system was 4.7 million dollars and op-
erating costs were estimated as 36 cents per 1000 gal-
lons of wastewater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Chemical remoyalfSewage treatment), Aer-
ation, Design criteria, Activated carbon treatment, Fil-
tration, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Cap-
italized costs, Calcium oxides. Process charting, Co-
agulation, 'Tertiary treatment, Physical chemical treat-
ment.
PB-288 187/8 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
548 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Okeechobee, Glades, Hendry, Martin, Okee-
cnobee, and Palm Beach Counties, Florida. Final
rept.Mar73-Mar74.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Dec 77,66p WORKING PAPER-269
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
uept. of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, Flor-
"te National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
jvaltis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J-«« Amador, Amador County, California. Final
jept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
Rational Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
j«Jn 78, 39p WORKING PAPER-739
prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
"Jfl and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, Califor-
nia National Guard, Sacramento.
|ne lake were estimated and subdivided according to
wrier point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°; 'he lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
5*° provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
oonal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
°' we lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Amador, Water
!j™lny, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
, ,
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
water quality management, California, 'Water quality
a«ta, Eutrophication, Amador County(California).
189/4 PC A03/MF A01
nmental Research Lab., OR.
Napa Counl¥> Ca"fornla> Final
Jtrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
£" '8,45p WORKING PAPER-747
[TfPared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
JJflandSupport Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
JJ";6/ Resources Control Board, Sacramento, Califor-
nia National Guard, Sacramento.
tha108] tQtal phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
»"e lake were estimated and subdivided according to
ll™?er Point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°; 'he lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is ,
5«» provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
n? «r Futr°Pnicatlon Survey during the one year study
01 me lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
£evwords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Hennessey, Water
^"'ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
""ion abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
wjter quality management, California, 'Water quality
Q«a, Eutrophication, Napa County(California).
{•B-288 19S/1 PC A03/MF A01
1976 ?' A'r Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
|nvlronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
;. NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
8,37p'EPA/450/1-78/003
This report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
«iMP°llutant emissions for the five major pollutants:
earnl Oxlde8, particulates, carbon monoxide, hydro-
irjporw, and nitrogen oxides. Estimates are broken
A Vh1 according to major types of air pollutant sources.
» rtU0rt •nalysta of emission trends is given, along with
gl*cusslon of methods used to develop the data.
*Alr Pollution. Trends, Sulfur oxides, Partl-
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
PB-2B8 196/9 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
An Assessment of Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide
Technologies for Treatment of Municipal Water
Supplies. Executive summary,
Public Technology, Inc., Washington, DC.
G. Wade Miller, R. G. Rice, C. Michael Robson, Ronald
L. Scullin, and Wolfgang Kuhn. Oct 78,81 p* EPA/
600/8-78/018
Grant EPA-R-804385-01
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-285 972.
This executive summary covers in abbreviated form
each of the principal topics of the full report. Emphasis
in the summary, and in the full report, is given to the
fundamental uses and engineering design of ozone/
chlorine dioxide systems. A limited discussion of Bio-
logical Activated Carbon is included. Data from exten-
sive questionnaires and from site surveys of several
hundred drinking water utilities are included in the full
report and summarized herein.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Ozone, 'Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Potable water, Chlorine
oxides, Design criteria, Activated carbon, Performance
evaluation, Water supply, Process charting, 'Chlorine
dioxide, State of the art.
PB-288 197/7 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Demlnerallzatlon of Carbon-Treated Secondary
Effluent by Spiral-Wound Reverse Osmosis Proc-
ess. Final rept. Jul 71-Jun 73,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Ching-lin Chen, and Robert P. Miele. Sep 78,71 p
EPA7600/2-78/169
Contract DI-14-12-150
A 56.8 cu m/day (15,000 gallons/day) spiral-wound re-
verse osmosis pilot plant was operated at the Pomona
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Research Facility
on the carbon-treated secondary effluent. The specific
objectives for this study were (a) to establish the effec-
tive membrane life for wastewater demoralization
with carbon adsorption pretreatment; (b) to determine
the reliability of the process performance; and (c) to
derive a realistic process cost estimate. The study was
first conducted on a constant feed pressure basis, and
then it was run on a constant product water flux rate
basis. During the first phase of the study, pH adjust-
ment was not practiced for the weekly enzyme-deter-
gent membrane cleaning procedures. However, this
was practiced in the second phase of the study. The
results from both phases of studies substantiated the
fact that the membrane effective life was only about
one year in demineralizing the carbon-treated second-
ary effluent. A cost estimate for a 37,850 cu m/day (10
MGD) reverse osmosis plant Indicated that for mem-
branes with only one-year life the process cost was
about 14.9 cents/1,000 liters (57.4 cents/1,000 gal-
lons). However, the cost could be substantially re-
duced to 10.7 cents/1,000 liters (41.3 cents/1,000
gallons) for membranes with two-year life. Both cost
estimates did not Include the costs for carbon adsorp-
tion pretreatment and brine disposal.
Keywords: 'Demineralizing, 'Desalting, 'Membranes,
'Water pollution control, Reverse osmosis. Water rec-
lamation, Pilot plants, Activated carbon, Cleaning,
Graphs, Stability, Cost analysis, Adsorption, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Reverse osmosis desalination,
'Waste water reuse, 'Spiral wound membranes,
Water quality.
PB-288 198/5 PC A04/MF A01
Mercury, Lead, Arsenic, and Cadmium In Biologi-
cal Tissue. The Need for Adequate Standard Ref-
erence Materials. Interim rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Werner F. Beckert. Aug 78,69p* EPA/600/4-78/051
The present situation of standard reference materials
consisting of plant and animal tissues is examined. A
brief literature review presents a cross-section of pub-
lished data on the incorporation of mercury, lead, ar-
senic and cadmium into plant and animal tissues. It
points out the wide concentration ranges of these ele-
ments that are encountered in biological tissue sam-
ples under environmental and experimental condi-
tions. These concentration ranges are compared with
the individual values of the corresponding elements as
determined for the biological standard reference mate-
rials presently available from the National Bureau of
Standards. The conclusion is reached that there Is a
need for the preparation of additional biological refer-
ence materials encompassing wide concentration
ranges of the elements of Interest. The parameters of
importance for the cost-effective preparation of bio-
logical tissue reference materials are discussed. Some
plant and animal species are identified which could ad-
vantageously be used to prepare this kind of reference
material. In an appendix, the concentrations of mer-
cury in plant and animal tissue samples, as presented
in the literature, are listed.
Keywords: 'Tlssues(Blology), 'Toxicology, National
government, Quality control, Mercury(Metal),
Lead(Metal), Cadmium, Plants(Botany), Animals, Re-
views, Standards, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
ples, Arsenic, Cost effectiveness, Standard reference
materials, 'Biological tissues, Heavy metals, Bioaccu-
mulation, National Bureau of Standards, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-2B8 199/3 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Iron date Reservoir, Slsklyou County, California,
Final rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,41p WORKING PAPER-749
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Iron Gate Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, California,
•Water quality data, Eutrophication, Siskiyou
County(Callfornia).
PB-288 200/9 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sliver Lake, Mono County, California. Final rept.
Jun 75-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,24p WORKING PAPER-759
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included In the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Silver Lake, Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, California, 'Water quality data,
Eutrophication, Mono County(Callfornia).
PB-288 201/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Diamond Lake, Pend Orellle County, Washington.
Final rept. Jun 75-Oct 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Las Vegas, NV.
Dec 77,31p WORKING PAPER-867
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR., Washington State Dept. of Ecol-
ogy, Olympla, and Washington National Guard, Orym-
pfe.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
December 1983 549
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Diamond Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Wasnington(State),
•Water quality data, Eutrophication, Pend Oreille
County (Washington).
PB-286 203/3 PC A03/MF A01
Particle Collection by a Venturl Scrubber Down-
stream from an Electrostatic Praclpltator. Final
rept. Jan 77-Feb 78,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
L. E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, and B. E. Daniel. Oct 78,
34p IERL-RTP-612, EPA/600/7-78/193
The report gives results of pilot plant experiments of
partlcuiate collection by a venturi scrubber down-
stream from an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The
data, covering a range of scrubber operating condi-
tions and ESP efficiencies, show that particle collec-
tion by a venturi scrubber is not affected by the up-
stream ESP; i.e., for a given scrubber pressure drop,
particle collection efficiency (as a function of particle
diameter) is the same whether the ESP Is on or off.
The experimental results are in excellent agreement
with theoretical predictions. Order of magnitude cost
estimates indicate that particle collection by ESP
scrubber systems is economically attractive when
scrubbers must be used for SOx control.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Particles, "Electro-
static precipitators, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Sulfur oxides, Cost analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Plumes, Capitalized costs,
Design criteria, 'Venturi scrubbers.
PB-288 204/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Industrial Boiler FGO Survey: Third Quarter
1978. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Turtle, A. Patkar, D. Welch, M. Hessling, and M.
Eckstein. Nov78,175pEPA/600/7-78/052c
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also report for first quarter 1978, PB-279 214.
The report presents detailed technical information
concerning application of flue gas desulfurization
(FQD) systems to industrial boilers. Design and oper-
ation data is presented for 161 FGD control systems
(121 of them operational), designed to control SO2
emissions from 147 industrial boilers at 57 plants. With
a 1978 capacity of 9.3 million scfm, an average of
more than seven new FGO systems have been put on
line each year since 1972. Information in the report
was obtained by a survey of plant personnel, control
system vendors, regulatory agencies, and consulting
engineering firms. The data is given in two types of
tables: one gives summary information; the other, de-
tailed information. Summary tables present informa-
tion as a function of control process, control system
vendor, disposal technique, operational status, start-
up date, and flue gas capacity. Detailed information In-
cludes: control system design, economics, operating
experience, problems and solutions, waste disposal
techniques, and maintenance practices.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Flue gases, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Maintenance,
Tables(Data), Performance evaluation.
PB-288 206/8 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dtv. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants. A Compilation as of April 1,1978. Final
rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
1 Apr 77,181p* EPA/340/1-78/008
Contract EPA-88-01 -4147
See also report dated Jun 77, PB-274 043.
This manual presents a compilation of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency National Emission Stand-
ards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Since
their inception in 1971, the NESHAP have been ex-
panded and revised several times. This manual is in-
tended to serve as a convenient reference and source
of current information to those persons who will be
working with the NESHAP regulations. The maual in-
cludes the full text of the standards as they appear
now (April 1,1978) with all revisions, corrections, and
additions where applicable, and the full text of all revi-
sions and other Federal Register notices pertaining to
the standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Standards, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Manuals, Regulations, National government,
Law enforcement, Asbestos, Beryllium,
Mercury(Metal), Vinyl chloride, Particles, Water pollu-
tion, Sewage treatment, 'Federal emission standards,
Stationary sources, NESHAP regulations.
PB-288 208/6 PC A13/MF A01
Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning
and Analysis. Volume 9 (Revised): Evaluating Indi-
rect Sources. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 78,282p* EPA/450/4-78/001, OAQPS-1.2-028-
R
See also Volume 10 (Revised), PB-274 087. Super-
sedes PB-251 619.
An indirect source, In this guideline, Is any facility at-
tracting mobile source (i.e., motor vehicle) activity with
carbon monoxide, CO, emissions. These guidelines
provide a comprehensive, manual methodology to
assess both the one- and eight-hourly CO impact of in-
direct sources. This methodology encompasses a
three-part procedure: First, the physical characteristics
of the roadway/parking area network and the project-
ed traffic demand volume are used to determine var-
ious aspects of the traffic flow (e.g., delay, queue
length, parking area running time). Second, these traf-
fic features, together with other ambient parameters
(e.g., year, temperature, geography, hot/cold start
ratio), are used to determine accompanying modal CO
emission rates. Third, these emissions are input to an
atmospheric dispersion analysis that considers vari-
ations in source type (i.e., infinite line, finite line, and
area), wind speed and direction, stability, road/recep-
tor orientation, and terrain roughness. The evaluation
procedure is capsulized using a series of annotated
worksheets, graphs, and tables. Supplemental infor-
mation is provided in appendices that should eliminate
the need for additional references in most cases.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, 'Carbon mon-
oxide, Management planning, Sources, Revisions,
Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Standards, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Concentratlon(Composition), Stability,
Roads, 'Air quality maintenance, Numerical solution.
PB-288 207/4 PC A07/MF A01
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Advanced Wsstewater Treatment Protect to the
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society. Volume I. The Report. Final rept.
Department of the Environment, London (England).
Water Engineering Directorate.
Jun 78,128p* NATO/CCMS-90-VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB-288 208.
This report includes much useful and wide-ranging in-
formation which will enable further work on waste
water treatment to be better defined and better direct-
ed to the changed wastewater situation. It reviews
treatment methods studied by the U.S. and various for-
eign countries.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Sludge digestion, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic
processes, Sludge disposal, Filtration, Activated
carbon treatment, Oxygenatlon, Coagulation, Activat-
ed sludge process, Membranes, Economic analysis,
Reviewing, Foreign countries, United States, Re-
search, 'water pollution control, Sludge treatment,
Land disposal, Ammonia stripping, Physical chemical
treatment.
PB-288 208/2 PC A11/MF A01
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Project to the
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society. Volume II. Appendices. Final rept.
Department of the Environment. London (England).
Water Engineering Directorate.
Jun 78,246p' NATO/CCMS-90-VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB-288 207.
This report is an appendix to the final report of the
same title. It covers design, performance, costs, and
operation of waste water treatment plants in various
countries. Photographs of many plants are included.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Sludge digestion, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic
processes, Sludge disposal, Filtration, Activated
carbon treatment, Oxygenation, Coagulation, Activat-
ed sludge process, Membranes, Cost analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Design, Photographs, Review-
ing, Foreign countries, United States, Research,
'Water pollution control, Sludge treatment, Land dis-
posal, Ammonia stripping, Physical chemical treat-
ment.
PB-288 210/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Assessment: Coal Refuse Piles, Aban-
doned Mines and Outcrops, State-of-the-Art. Final
rept. Aug 75-Jul 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
P. K. Chalekode, and T. R. Blackwood. Jul 78,52p
MRC-DA-707, EPA/600/2-78/004V
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from coal refuse piles, abandoned mines, and
outcrops. The potential environmental effect of the
source was evaluated using source severity (defined
as the ratio of the maximum time-averaged ground
level concentration of an emission to a hazard factor).
Burning of coal piles, impoundments, abandoned
mines, and outcrops results in emissions of various
pyrolysis and combustion products such as particu-
lates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide,
hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, polycyclic organic materi-
als (POM), and hydrocarbons, including benzene, to-
luene, and xylene. Trace elements such as arsenic,
boron, and mercury are also emitted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Coal mines, Fire protection,
Spontaneous combustion, Refuse disposal, Combus-
tion products, Gases, Particles, Reviews, Solid waste
disposal, Site surveys, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon monoxide, Ammonia, Poly-
cyclic compounds, Sources, Trace elements, 'Mine
wastes, 'Coal mine spoil, Stationary sources, State of
the art.
PB-288 211/6 PCA05/MFA01
Treatment of Petroleum Refinery, Petrochemical
and Combined Industrial-Municipal Wastewaters
with Activated Carbon - Literature Review,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
John E. Matthews. Sep 78,98p' EPA/600/2-78/200
A review of the literature on activated carbon adsorp-
tion as a treatment concept for petroleum refinery, pet-
rochemical plant, and combined industrial-municipal
waatewaters is presented in this report. A total of 241
references are cited. These references cover the var-
ious aspects of carbon adsorption and its application
in the treatment of industrial and municipal
waatewaters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Activated
carbon, 'Adsorption, Industrial waste treatment,
Sewage treatment, Petroleum industry, Refineries, Pe-
trochemistry, Reviews, Design criteria.
PB-286 212/4 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Short Course Proceedings: Applications of Com-
puter Programs In the Preliminary Design of
Wastewater Treatment Facilities; Section I. Work-
shop Lectures. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Pritzker Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
James W. Male, and Stephen P. Qraef. Sep 78,207p*
EPA/600/2-78/185A
550 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-8051 34-01
This document contains the material used for the
Short Course on the Applications of Computer Pro-
Qrams in the Preliminary Design of Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities, It covers the role of computer pro-
Qrams in preliminary design and use of the Exec Pro-
gram to determine the effect of design criteria selec-
tion on plant cost and performance, compares the cost
and performance of multiple flow schemes, and deter-
mines the effect of economic parameters on capital
and p/M costs for a given facility design. Modification
°' existing Exec Program subroutines and addition of
new subroutines to the Exec Program are discussed.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, 'Mathematical
rnodels, "Computer programming, "Cost engineering,
Activated sludge process, Settling, Sludge disposal,
^wage filtration, Design, Cost analysis, Cost effec-
tiveness, Operating costs, Sludge, Cost estimates,
Capitalized costs, Maintenance, Fixed investment, Re-
visions, Process variables, Fortran, Secondary treat-
ment, Sludges, Sludge treatment, Sewage treatment
Plants, 'Computer applications.
£8-288 215/7 PC A15/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Chesapeake Bay
Baseline Data Acquisition. Final rept.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Baltimore,
MD.
Apr 78, 333p EPA/903/9-78/020
Contract EPA-68-01 -3994
!>8e also report for 1 946-1 978, PB-286 947.
This report contains: Directory of research activities on
wbmerged aquatic vegetation; Annotated bibliogra-
phy of the Chesapeake Bay submerged aquatic vege-
tation; Data files of Chesapeake Bay submerged
aquatic vegetation; Monitonng programs for the
Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Estuaries, 'Chesapeake
°fV, 'Bibliographies, Monitoring, Research projects,
wectories, Reviews, Licenses, Intertidal zone, Aerial
Photographs, Delaware, District of Columbia, Mary-
land, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Surveys,
^Submerged aquatic plants, Baseline studies, Salt
PB-ZM 217/3 PC A03/MF A01
^rvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
4«ke Talquln, Qadsden and Leon Counties, Flor-
H*i Rnal rept. Mar 73-Feb 74.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, OR.
?ec 77. 47p WORKING PAPER-274
prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
j"9 and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., Florida State
J*»pt of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, Flor-
wa National Guard, Tallahassee.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
|JB lake were estimated and subdivided according to
wther point or non-point source origin. An assessment
°J 'he lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient Is
»«o provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
»ona| Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
°' the lake and its tributaries are Included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Talquin, Water
jwaiity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
{"«>n abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, Florida, 'Water quality
, Eutrophication, Gadsden County(Florida), Leon
gB-288 223/1 PC A07/MF A01
oatteMe Columbus Labs., OH.
"•A Program Conference Report: Coal Cleaning -
£" Option for Increased Coal Utilization. Final
rept.,
'"dustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
gnole Park, NC.
5- |- Balzhiser, A. W. Deurbrauck, S. J. Gage, L.
??ffrnan, and G. A. Issaacs. Aug 78, 149p EPA/600/
'•'7/130
S?«ntEPA-R-80S374
Sponsored in part by Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
f a Conference Held at The Sheraton
Hotel in Arlington, VA. on May 24-25,
Contents: The importance of coal in meeting national
energy needs; Economics and technology of coal utili-
zation; Regional and institutional perspectives; Envi-
ronmental perspectives; Opening remarks, second
day; Coal cleaning applications for S02 emission con-
trol; Engineering/economic analyses of coal prepara-
tion with SO2 cleanup processes for keeping higher
sulfur coals in the energy market; The EPA region IV
TV A study, The Homer City experience; Coal clean-
ing-A vehicle for more effective coal utilization; Panel
discussion and concluding remarks.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Cleaning, 'Meetings,
Desulfurization, Sulfur, Air pollution abatement, Eco-
nomic analysis, Environmental impacts, Sulfur dioxide,
Government policies, Fines, Photographs, Transporta-
tion, Crushing, Cyclone separators, Dewatering, Flota-
tion, Coal fines.
PB-288 234/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollutant Emissions from 'Dirty' Low- and
Medlum-Btu Gases. Final rept. May 77-Apr 78,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL. Applied Com-
bustion Research.
R. T. Waibel, E. S. Fleming, and D. H. Larson. Oct 78,
86p EPA/600/7-78/191
Contract EPA-68-02-2643
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-272 614.
The report gives results of a study to determine the
emissions from 'dirty' low- and medium-Btu gases
when combusted on industrial process burners. The
fuels tested were blends with compositions typical of
Wellman-Galusha oxygen (WGO) and air (WGA) fuel
gases. Baseline data were collected for natural gas,
ambient WGO and WGA, and hot WGO (700 K) and
WGA (616 K). Ammonia, H2S, coal tar, and char were
added to the hot fuels to determine their effects on pol-
lutant emissions. Study conclusions include: (1) low-
Btu fuels not subjected to post-gasifier cleanup can
yield NOx levels greatly above the thermal levels for
the clean fuels and for natural gas; (2) in turbulent dif-
fusion flames, fuel-NOx increases with an increase in
(a) the amount of fuel-nitrogen, (b) the amount of fuel-
sulfur, (c) the level of excess air, and (d) the degree of
initial fuel/air mixing; (3) attempts to close the fuel-
sulfur balance were unsuccessful (further work should
be done in this area); and (4) compared to natural gas,
heat transfer to the load is reduced for the low-Btu
fuels tested (this heat transfer Is not greatly affected
by the presence of contaminants-tar and char-at
levels characteristic of raw gasifier effluents).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Burners, 'Furnaces,
'Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Sulfur, Facilities, Particles, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Fuel additives, 'Low btu gas,
'Intermediate btu gas, Baseline measurements.
PB-288 236/3 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Animal Waste Composting with Carbonaceous
Material. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
William S. Galler, Charles B. Davey, William L. Meyer,
W. N. Reed, and Domadar S. Airan. Sep 78,108p
EPA/600/2-78/154
Grant EPA-00270
High rate thermophllic composting of animal wastes
with added carbonaceous waste materials followed by
land application has considerable potential as a
means of treatment and useful final disposal of these
wastes. The process described in this report utilizes a
mechanically mixed, thoroughly aerated, thermophllic
first stage in which the readily available carbonaceous
materials are utilized by bacteria during the stabiliza-
tion of the nitrogenous wastes. This is followed by a
curing period in which the hollocellulose is partially de-
composed principally by fungi. The compost may then
be added to soil. The testing of the compost's effect of
plant growth was done in three phases. The first phase
involved spreading the compost over grass as a top-
dressing; the second was a greenhouse study using
tomatoes, wheat, millet, and beans; while the third was
a field test on tomato crops. In all three tests, the com-
post exhibited significant beneficial effects. The
mulching experiment yielded Increases In the dry
weights of grasses of up to 57 percent over the con-
trol. The greenhouse experiments showed Increases
in dry weights of up to 400 percent for tomatoes and
wheat over the control. Field studies, indicated that,
both the tomato size and total yield over the growing
season increased with Increasing compost application.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Composts, 'Fertil-
izers, 'Carbon, Additives, Soils, Plants(Botany), Plant
growth, Field tests, Economic analysis, Feasibility, Ag-
ricultural products, Process charting, Thermophiles,
Organic compounds, 'Animal wastes, Manure.
PB-288 270/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Charged Particles on Cascade Impactor
Calibrations. Final rept. Jan 77-Aug 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. G. Patterson, Philip Riersgard, and Seymour
Calvert. Oct 78, 52p EPA/600/7-78/195
Contract EPA-68-02-1496
The report gives results of a determination of collec-
tion characteristics for charged and uncharged parti-
cles In cascade impactors. Impactlon collection effi-
ciency was shown to be as much as 20 percent greater
for charged particles than for uncharged particles with
certain substrates at a given value of the impaction pa-
rameter Kp, using a University of Washington impac-
tor. Collection on greased substrates remained rela-
tively unchanged.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Calibrating, Charged
particles, Aerosols, Laboratory equipment, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Cascade Impactors.
PB-288 299/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD Survey: June-July 1978. Periodic
rept. Jun-Jul 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Mella, M. Smith, W. Fischer, and B. Laseke. Nov 78,
138p EPA/600/7-78/051 D
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-279 011.
The report is an updated supplement to PB-279 011
and should be used in conjunction with it. It presents a
survey of utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems
in the U.S., summarizing information contributed by the
utility industry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies.
and consulting engineering firms. Systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically, by development status (operational,
under construction, in planning stages, or terminated
operations), by utility company, by process supplier, by
process, by waste disposal practice, and by regulatory
class. It presents data on system design, fuel sulfur
content, operating history, and actual performance. It
discusses problems and solutions associated with the
boilers and FGD systems. Process flow diagrams and
FGD system economic data are appended to the
report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Environmental surveys, 'Boilers, Flue gases,
Solid waste disposal, Maintenance, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data), Sludge dis-
posal. Water pollution, Plant location.
PB-288 307/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
University of Washington Electrostatic Scrubber
Tests at a Steel Plant Phase rept. Jun 76-Jun 78,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. J. Pilat, G. A. Raemhild, and A. Prem. Sep 78,60p
EPA/600/7-78/177a
Grant EPA-R-B04393
The report gives results of a demonstration of the ef-
fectiveness of a 1700 cu m/hr (1000 acfm) University
of Washington (UW) Electrostatic Spray Scrubber In
controlling fine particle emissions from an electric-arc
steel furnace. The two-stage portable pilot plant oper-
ates by combining oppositely charged aerosol parti-
cles and water droplets in two watar spray towers.
Aerosol charging sections (coronas) with negative po-
larity precede each spray tower. Simultaneous Inlet
and outlet source tests utilizing UW Cascade Impac-
tors-Mark V for the inlet and Mark III for the outlet-
provided both size-dependent and overall mass basis
particle collection efficiency information. Measured
December 1983 551
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
overall particle collection efficiencies ranged from 58.8
to 99.5%, depending on the electrostatic scrubber op-
erating conditions and on the inlet particle size distribu-
tion. Tabular and graphic data is presented illustrating
the effects of the corona specific plate area, liquid to
gas flow rate ratio, magnitudes of particle and droplet
charging voltages, and electrostatic polarities on the
overall particle collection efficiencies and on the parti-
cle collection efficiency as a function of particle size.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Iron and
steel industry, 'Scrubbers, 'Fines, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Particles, Aerosols, Perform-
ance evaluation, Electric corona, Equipment, Particle
size distribution, Cooling towers, 'Electrostatic spray
scrubbers.
PB-288 308/0 PC A10/MF A01
Waste Water Treatment Contracting and Bid
Shopping; Report to Congress. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jun 78, 222p
The report was submitted to Congress by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in ac-
cordance with the direction of the Joint House of Rep-
resentatives - Senate conference Committee for
amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act. The study involved reviews of Federal, State, local
and industry specification and bidding practices, analy-
sis of substantial input from interested parties, review
of ongoing EPA studies, discussion of the issues with
the EPA Management Advisory Group (MAG), and the
participation injoint meetings with groups representing
consulting engineers, contractors and equipment sup-
pliers. Based on the review and analysis of the com-
ments and proposals offered regarding bid shopping,
equipment listing and prequalificatiqn of major items of
equipment, EPA recommended against any Federal di-
gulation changes
t are not fully leg-
rection in the form of legislation or regulation changes
in this area. (Portions of this document a
ible)
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Bids, Sewage treatment,
Technical assistance, National government, Research
projects, Contracts, Statutes, State government, Local
government, Proposals, Recommendations, Equip-
ment, Specifications, LawfJurisprudence), Competi-
tion, 'Sewage treatment plants, Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act Amendments of 1 972.
PB-288 313/0 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Water-Related Environmental Effects In Fuel Con-
version. Volume I. Summary. Final rept. Oct 76-Sep
78,
Water Purification Associates, Cambridge, MA.
Harris Gold, and David J. Goldstein. Oct 78,247p*
EPA/600/7-78/197A
Contracts EPA-68-03-2207, DOE-EX-76-C-01-2445
The report gives results of an examination of water-re-
lated effects that can be expected from siting conver-
sion plants in the major U.S. coal and oil shale bearing
regions. Ninety plant-site combinations were studied:
48 in the Central and Eastern U.S. and 42 in the West-
em. Synthetic fuel technologies examined include:
coal gasification to convert coal to pipeline gas; coal
liquefaction to convert coal to low sulfur fueloil; coal
refining to produce a de-ashed, low-sulfur solvent re-
fined (clean) coal; and oil shale retorting to produce
synthetic crude. Results presented include the range
of water requirements, conditions for narrowing trie
range and optimizing the use of water, ranges of resid-
ual solid wastes, and cost and energy requirements for
waste water treatment. A comparison of water require-
ments with those of two recently published studies
shows widely varying estimates and emphasizes the
need for both site- and design-specific calculations. A
review of various combinations of cooling require-
ments indicates a factor of 4 difference in water con-
sumption across all processes studied. Where water
costs < 25 cents/1000 gal., a high degree of wet cool-
ing appears best. If > $1.50/1000 gal., a minimum of
wet cooling should be considered. Between these, a
more balanced mix needs to be reviewed. All water re-
quirements of this study are based on complete water
re-use; i.e., no direct water discharge to streams or
rivers.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water consump-
tion, Coal gasification. Coal, Refining, Oil shale. Proc-
ess charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Sites, Cost analysis, Technology, Water supply, Indus-
trial waste treatment, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Waste water
reuse, 'Coal gasification plants, Manufactured gas,
Coal liquefaction, 'Coal liquifaction plants, 'Oil shale
processing plants.
PB-288 319/7 PC A12/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Human Health Damages from Mobile Source Air
Pollution: A Delphi Study. Volume I. Final rept. 1 Jul
73-30 Jun 74,
California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Steve Leung, Elliot Goldstein, and Norman Dalkey. Jul
78, 272p EPA/600/5-78/016A
Contract EPA-68-01-1889
Prepared in cooperation with Eureka Labs., Inc., Sac-
ramento, CA., California Univ., Davis and California
Univ., Los Angeles. See also Volume 2, PB-288 320.
During the past year, the California Air Resources
Board conducted a survey of 14 health experts on the
human damages from mobile source air pollution. A
variant of the Delphi technique was used in the study
to arrive at a consensus judgment of the experts on
the dose-response relationship for photochemical oxi-
dants, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The
panel experts were requested to answer question-
naires to provide dose-response for all three pollutants
and for healthy individuals as well as diseased or sen-
sitive persons. The completed questionnaires were
analyzed and the group consensus were sent to the
panel members. The panel experts were then asked to
answer the same questionnaires again for a second
time. The data obtained during the second round rep-
resents the final group consensus. In the first round
survey, there was good agreement among the panel
experts for the health effects of oxidant on all catego-
ries of population, while the data for both carbon mon-
oxide and nifrogen dioxide was much less so. The re-
sults of the second round survey showed improvement
in group agreement for all three pollutants.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Exhaust gases, Question-
naires, Recommendations, Tables(Data), Humans,
Dosage, Responses, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monox-
ide, Tabies(Data), Estimates, Research,
Concentration(Composition), Respiratory diseases,
Health surveys, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Photo-
chemical oxidants, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health, 'Delphi technique, Automobile exhaust, Air-
craft exhaust, Consensus models, Health status.
PB-288 320/5 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Human Health Damages from Mobile Source Air
Pollution: Additional Delphi Data Analysis. Volume
II. Final rept.,
California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Steve Leung, and Normal Dalkey. Jul 78,92p EPA/
600/5-78-016B
Contract EPA-68-01-1889
Prepared in cooperation with Eureka Labs., Inc., Sac-
ramento, CA. and California Univ., Los Angeles. See
also Volume 1, PB-288 319.
The report contains the results of additional analyses
of the data generated by a panel of medical experts for
a study of Human Health Damages from Mobile
Source Air Pollution (hereafter referred to as HHD)
conducted by the California Air Resources Board in
1973-75 for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The analysis focused on two topics: (1) as-
sessment of the accuracy of group estimates and (2)
generation of a model of the group estimate as a func-
tion of percent of population affected and degree of
impairment. Investigation of the first topic required a
more thorough formulation of the statistical theory of
errors as applied to group judgment than has been
available up to now. This formulation is presented in
Section 5 of the report. A major new feature of this
theory is the postulation of a psychonumeric scaling on
estimated numbers analogous to the psychophysical
scaling of sensory magnitudes. The investigation of
the second topic and the application of the theory of
errors to the data from the HHD studies are presented
in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Exhaust gases, 'Decision
theory, Dosage, Responses, Humans, Recommenda-
tions, Assessments, Accuracy, Estimates, Models,
Respiratory diseases, 'Delphi technique, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health, 'Consensus models, Automobile exhaust, Air-
craft exhaust.
PB-288 338-SET PC E15
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Development and Application of a Risk Assess-
ment Method for Radioactive Waste Management.
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Bureau of Engineer-
ing Research.
Jul78,911p-in4v
Set includes PB-288 339 thru PB-288 342.
No abstract available.
PB-288 339/5 PC A08/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Development and Application of a Rlek Aseees-
ment Method for Radioactive Waste Management
Volume I: Generic Description of AMRAW-A
Model,
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Bureau of Engineer-
ing Research.
Stanley E. Logan, and M. C. Berbano. Jul 78,174p NE-
44(77)EPA-394-1 -V1, EPA/520/6-78/005A
Contract EPA-68-01 -3256
See also Volume 2, PB-288 340.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-288 338-
SET.
A Radioactive Waste Management Systems Model, is
presented. The systems model and associated com-
puter code called AMRAW (Assessment Method for
Radioactive Waste), has two parts. The first part,
AMRAW-A, consists of the Source Term (radioactive
inventory versus time), the Release Model, and the En-
vironmental Model. The Release Model considers var-
ious geologic and man-caused events which are po-
tential mechanisms for release of radioactive material
beyond the immediate environs of a repository or other
location; the risk analysis mode uses events distribut-
ed probabilistically over time, and the consequence
analysis mode uses discrete events occurring at speci-
fied times. The Environmental Model includes: (1) the
transport to and accumulations at various receptors in
the biosphere, (2) pathways from these environmental
concentrations, and (3) resulting radiation dose to
man. The second part of the systems model, AMRAW.- ,
B, is the Economic Model which calculates health ef-
fects corresponding to the various organ dose rates
from AMRAW-A, collects these health effects in terms
of economic costs and attributes these costs to ra-
dionuclides, decay groups, and elements initially In the
waste inventory. Implementation, with calculated re-
sults, of AMRAW for Terminal Storage in a Bedded
Salt Reference Repository are presented. Preliminary
demonstrations for the repository operations phase of
waste management and terminal storage In a shale
formation are described; possible applications to other
radioactive and nonradioactive hazardous materials
are discussed. AMRAW uniquely links all steps togeth-
er in a continuous calculation sequence.
Keywords: Waste management, Radioactive wastes,
Radiation hazards, Systems analysis, Geologic proc-
esses, Radioactive waste processing, Computer pro-
gramming, Mathematical models, Fortran, 'Radioac-
tive waste disposal, 'Risk analysis, Radioactive waste
storage, Underground disposal, Shaft excavations,
Ground release, Radioactive effluents, Path of pollut-
ants, AMRAW computer program, Fortran 4 program-
ming language.
PB-288 340/3 PC A17/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Development and Application of a Risk Assess-
ment Method for Radioactive Waste Management
Volume II-. Implementation for Terminal Storage In
Reference Repository and Other Applications,
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Bureau of Engineer-
Ing Research.
S. E. Logan, and M. C. Berbano. Jul 78,392p NE-
44(77)EPA-394-1-V2, EPA/520/6-78/0058
Contract EPA-68-01 -3256
See also Volume 1, PB-288 339 and Volume 3, PB-288
341.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-288 338-
SET.
552 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A Radioactive Waste Management Systems Model, is
presented. The systems model and associated com-
puter code called AMRAW (Assessment Method for
Radioactive Waste), has two parts. The first part,
AMRAW-A, consists of the Source Term (radioactive
Inventory versus time), the Release Model, and the En-
vironmental Model. The second part of the systems
model, AMRAW-B, is the Economic Model which cal-
culates health effects corresponding to the various
organ dose rates from AMRAW-A, collects these
health effects in terms of economic costs and attri-
butes these costs to radionuclides, decay groups, and
elements initially in the waste inventory. The generic
description of AMRAW-A is presented in Vol. I. Imple-
mentation of the model and computer code for termi-
nal storage in a bedded salt reference repository is
presented in Part 1 of this volume. The model is not
limited to the application described here; demonstra-
tion applications to other phases of the radioactive
waste management sequence, and to another geolog-
ic setting are given in Part 2 of this volume.
Keywords: Waste management, Utilization, Radioac-
tive wastes, Systems analysis, Geologic processes,
Radioactive waste processing, Computer program-
ming, Mathematical models, Fortran, Tables(Data),
Radioactive waste disposal, 'Risk analysis, Imple-
mentation, Radioactive waste storage, Shaft release,
Ground release, Radioactive effluents, Underground
disposal, Path of pollutants, AMRAW computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB-288 341/1 PC A08/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Development and Application of a Risk Assess-
ment Method for Radioactive Waste Mansgement.
Volume III: Economic Analysis; Description and
Implementation of AMRAW-B Model,
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Bureau of Engineer-
tagResearch.
S. E. Logan, W. D. Schulze, S. Ben-David, and D. S.
Brookshlre. Jul 78, 168p NE-44(77)EPA-394-1-V3,
EPA/620/6-78/005C
Contract EPA-68-01 -3256
See also Volume 2, PB-288 340 and Volume 4, PB-288
342.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E1 1 , PB-288 338-
A Radioactive Waste Management Systems Model, Is
Presented. The systems model and associated com-
puter code called AMRAW (Assessment Method for
Radioactive Waste), has two parts. The first part,
AMRAW-A, consists of the Source Term (radioactive
Inventory versus time), the Release Model, and the En-
vironmental Model. The second part of the systems
model, AMRAW-B, is the Economic Model which cal-
culates health effects corresponding to the various
organ dose rates from AMRAW-A, collects these
health effects in terms of economic costs and attri-
butes these costs to radionuclides, decay groups, and
elements initially in the waste inventory. This volume
describes AMRAW-B, the Economics Model, and Is in
wo parts: Part 1 presents a generic description of the
AMRAW-B model, background economic theory and a
description of the AMRAW-B computer code, and Part
2 presents implementation of the model with an appli-
cation to terminal storage In a bedded salt reference
repository.
Keywords: Waste management. Indirect costs, Radio-
active wastes, Radiation hazards, Systems analysis,
Geologic processes, Radioactive waste processing,
Computer programming, Mathematical models,
Tables(Data), Utilization, Fortran, Radiation dosage,
Damage assessment, Cost estimates, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, 'Risk analysis, Implementation, Ra-
dioactive waste storage, Underground disposal, Shaft
excavations, Ground release, AMRAW computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
££288 342/9 PC A09/MF A01
Office ol Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Development and Application of a Risk Assess-
ment Method for Radioactive Waste Management
Volume IV: AMRAW Computer Code. User's
.
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Bureau of Engineer-
Ing Research.
Stanley E. Logan. Jul 78, 177p NE-44(77)EPA-394-1 -
V4.EPA/52078-78/005D
Contract EPA-68-01 -3256
See also Volume 3, PB-288 341.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-288 338-
SET.
A Radioactive Waste Management Systems Model, is
presented. The systems model and associated com-
puter code called AMRAW (Assessment Method for
Radioactive Waste), has two parts. The first part,
AMRAW-A, consists of the Source Term (radioactive
inventory versus time), the Release Model, and the En-
vironmental Model. The second part of the systems
model, AMRAW-B, is the Economic Model which cal-
culates health effects corresponding to the various
organ dose rates from AMRAW-A, collects these
health effects in terms of economic costs and attri-
butes these costs to radionuclides, decay groups, and
elements initially in the waste Inventory. A user's guide
for AMRAW-A is presented in Part 1 and for AMRAW-
B In Part 2 of this volume.
Keywords: Waste management, Programming man-
uals, Computer programs, Radioactive wastes, Radi-
ation hazards, Systems analysis, Geologic processes,
Radioactive waste processing, Computer program-
ming, Mathematical models, Fortran, Cost estimates,
Damage assessment, 'Radioactive waste disposal,
•Risk analysis, Radioactive waste storage, Under-
ground disposal, Shaft excavations, Ground release,
Radioactive effluents, Path of pollutants, AMRAW
computer program, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB-288 352/8 PC A05/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Indiana Lakes.
Rept. for7Mar-14Nov73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, L. R. Williams, W. D. Taylor,
and F. A. Hlatt. Aug 78,80p EPA/600/3-78/078
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 27 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the state of Indiana.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Plankton, 'Lakes, Sur-
veys, Abundance, Distribution(Property), Indicator spe-
cies, Statistical data, Taxonomy, Indiana,
Plants(Botany), 'Water pollution effectsfPlants), 'Eu-
trophication, Species diversity, 'Bioindlcators, Trophic
level.
PB-28B 363/5 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Interactions of Various Pollutants on Causation of
Pulmonary Dlseaee,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
Richard Ehriich. Aug 78,63p EPA/600/1-78/057
Contract EPA-68-02-2274
Studies were conducted to determine the effects of
single and multiple exposures to Individual and pollut-
ant mixtures on resistance to respiratory infections.
Results of NO2 studies Indicate the greater Impor-
tance of short-term peak concentrations than pro-
longed exposures to lower concentrations in Increas-
ing the susceptibility to Infections. Single 3-hr expo-
sure to mixtures containing various concentrations of
N02 and 03 had an additive effect. Repeated 3-hr ex-
posures for 4 weeks to mixtures consisting of 3780 ml-
crograms/cu m NO2 and 98 mlcrograms/cu m O3
suggested a synerglstic interaction between the two
pollutants. Daily 3-hr exposures for 6 months to mix-
tures of 940 mlcrograms/cu m NO2 and 196 mlcro-
grams/cu m 03 resulted In significant excess mortal-
ity, and reduced mean survival time in infected ani-
mals. Continuation of exposure to the pollutants for 14
days after the infectious challenge resulted In a pro-
nounced Increased susceptibility to the respiratory in-
fection, after 1,2 or 3 month exposure. In non-Infected
mice this exposure regimen induced changes In the
activity of several serum enzymes.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Toxicology, Strep-
tococcus, Air pollution, Interactions, Exposure, Infec-
tious diseases, Resistance, Public health, Mice, Bacte-
ria, Pneumonia, Enzymes,
Concentration(Composltlon), Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Tolerances(Physlology), Sulfur dioxide, Ammonium
sulfate, Zinc sulfates, Recommendations, Experimen-
tal data, Laboratory animals, 'Toxic substances, 'In-
fections, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Synerglsm,
Animal models, Streptococcus pyogenes, Environ-
mental health.
PB-288 367/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Evaluating the Sampling Frequencies of Water
Quality Monitoring Networks. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Robert C. Ward, and Knud Strange Nielsen. Aug 76,
43p EPA/600/7-78/169
Contract EPA-CB-6-99-2530-A
Prepared In cooperation with Vandkvalltetslnstttutet,
Hoersholm (Denmark). Data Analysis Section.
Sampling frequency evaluation procedures presented
use a number of simplifying assumptions and basic
statistical methods. Employing such an approach will
facilitate use of these procedures and, therefore, set
the stage for wider understanding and use of more so-
phisticated approaches that may be developed at a
later date. Practical application has been an overriding
consideration in development of these procedures.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Monitoring, Sampling,
Frequency, Statistical analysis, Computer programs,
Performance evaluation, Colorado, Minnesota, For-
tran, 'Water quality, Fortran 4 programming language,
Procedures.
PB-288 389/0 PC A02/MF A01
Trace Elements In Soil Around the Four Comers
Power Plant. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
G. B. Wlersma, and A. B. Crockett. Aug 78,24p EPA/
600/3-78/079
Ninety-six soil samples were collected on a radial grid
employing 16 evenly spaced radii and 5 logarithmically
spaced circles, concentric around the Four Comers
Power Plant. The soil samples were analyzed for zinc,
lead, copper, and cadmium by atomic absorption spec-
trophotometry. No statistical relationship could be de-
tected between residue levels for the four elements
and Increasing distance from the power plant A two-
way analysis of variance indicated no significant differ-
ence among circles but there was a significant differ-
ence among radii for zinc, lead, and copper, with
higher residues of these elements consistently Indicat-
ed to the west of the power plant Elevated levels of
zinc, lead, and copper to the west of the power plant
could be partially explained by wind rose patterns and
the location of the fly ash settling ponds. Average resi-
due levels for zinc, lead, and copper are below aver-
age residue levels reported for other power plants.
Average cadmium levels are slightly higher than cad-
mium levels reported In the literature for other power
plants.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Trace elements, Electric
power plants, Sampling, Air pollution,
ConcentratlonfCornpoaltlon), Zinc, Lead(Metal),
Copper, Cadmium, Transport properties, Air pollution,
Residues, Wind(Meteorology), Sites, Tables(Data),
•Coal fired power plants, 'Land pollution.
PB-288 399/9 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on Ex-
haust Emissions from 1975/1976 In-Uae Auto-
mobiles In California. Technical rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Patrick Farrell. Oct 78.24p 78-4
This paper describes the results of emissions testing
on one hundred 1975-76 Model Year vehicles In Cat"
fornla conducted by the U.S. EPA from March 1977 to
Jan. 1978. The vehicles were moderate-mileage
models of three major domestic manufacturers. Each
was obtained randomly from private Individuals and
was subject to a series of tests before and after var-
ious stages of tune-up. The findings confirm the poor
Initial pass-rate of In-use vehicles and the ultimate abil-
ity of most vehicles to meet their applicable standards
once maladjustments and disablements have been
corrected. In comparing these results with those of 48
state vehicles In an Identical program, the California
December 1983 553
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vehicles exhibited lower absolute emission levels but
were quite similar when displayed in relation to their
more stringent standards.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution, Maintenance, Perform-
ance evaluation, Inspection, California, Statistical data,
'Corrective maintenance, 'Light duty vehicles, San
Francisco(California), General Motors vehicles, Ford
vehicles, Chrysler vehicles, Motor vehicles(1975
models), Motor vehicles(1976 models).
PB-288 400/5 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Low Ambient Temperature on the Ex-
haust Emissions and Fuel Economy of 84 Auto-
mobiles In Chicago. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Wayne Heinmiller. Oct 78,25p 78-3
This report describes the results of a project in which
pairs of tests were conducted in 84 in-use passenger
cars, once under low temperature conditions (16 F to
57 F), and again under standard laboratory conditions.
Each sequence included the 1975 Federal Test Proce-
dure (exhaust emissions only), the Highway Fuel Econ-
omy Test and three short cycle tests. The vehicles
were randomly obtained, tested in a 'as-received' con-
dition, and work was performed between January and
March 1978. Results show that HC and CO are most
sensitive to cold temperature, while NOX is affected
only slightly. Fuel economy suffered by an average of
7%, Vehicle fleets from manufacturers which used dif-
ferent control technologies were found to behave con-
siderably differently at low temperatures.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Cold weather tests, 'Air pollution,
Temperature gradients, Hydrocarbons, Carbon mon-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sensitivity, Illinois, General
Motors vehicles, Ford vehicles, Chrysler vehicles,
American Motors vehicles, Volkswagen vehicles,
Chicago(lllinois).
PB-288 402/1 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Best Available Technology Eco-
nomically Achievable for Synthetic Rubber Manu-
facturing Wastewater. Final rept. Jul 75-Oct 76,
Abcor Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
Myles H. Kleper, Arye Z. Gollan, Robert L. Goldsmith,
and Kenneth J. McNulty. Aug 78,198p EPA/600/2-
78/192
Contract EPA-68-03-2341
An assessment of The Best Available Technology
Economically Achievable (BATEA) for treatment of
synthetic rubber manufacturing wastewaters has been
conducted. This assessment was based on feasibility
tests with actual wastewater samples, both end-of-
pipe (untreated) and after primary and secondary treat-
ment. The wastewater samples investigated were col-
lected at representative facilities for manufacture of
emulsion crumb, solution crumb and latex rubbers.
The physical-chemical treatment processes examined
Included dual-media depth filtration (DDMDF) and ul-
trafiltration (UF) for suspended solids removal; activat-
ed carbon adsorption (ACA), reverse osmosis (RO)
and ozonation for removal of dissolved contaminants;
and ozonation as a polishing step after RO or ACA for
removal of refractory organics. the proposed BATEA
sequence of DMDF followed by ACA was examined for
treatment of wastewater samples collected after sec-
ondary treatment. In addition, various combinations of
the processes identified above were evaluated for
both treatment of end-of-pipe effluents and secondary
treated effluents. Based on an assessment of process
technical feasibility and estimates of wastewater treat-
ment costs preferred options for control technologies
were selected.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Rubber industry,
Manufacturing, Assessments, Technology, Econom-
ics, Feasibility, Samples, Cost analysis, Reverse os-
mosis, Ozonation, Carbon, Adsorption, Latex, Filtra-
tion. Ultrafiltration,
PB-288 406/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Mlcrobial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocar-
bons,
Alberta Univ., Edmonton.
D. W. S. Westlake, f. D. Cook, and A. M. Johnson. Jul
78, 79p EPA/600/7-78/148
Prepared in cooperation with Research Council of Al-
berta, Edmonton. Sponsored in part by National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA. En-
vironmental Research Labs.
The responses to Prudhoe Bay oil of the microbial pop-
ulations present in water column, beach and sediment
samples representative of the diverse marine shore-
line environments found in the northern Puget Sound
and Juan de Fuca areas were investigated under labo-
ratory conditions. All sites studied yielded psychrotro-
phic Bacterial populations which, in the presence of
added nitrogen and phosphorus, were able to bring
about changes in the n-alkane components of Prud-
hoe Bay oil. Under laboratory conditions, apparently
one-third of the weight of oil was lost by weathering,
one-third lost by mineralization due to microbial activity
and one-third left as a residue. No changes in Prudhoe
Bay oil were observed with nitrogen and phosphorus
being absent. Increasing the temperature of incubation
resulted in a faster rate of disappearance of n-alkanes
present in this oil. Samples from the water column en-
vironment showed the greatest seasonal variation in
ability to modify Prudhoe Bay oil. Beach samples were
quite constant in their ability to yield oil-degrading bac-
terial populations.
Keywords: 'Petroleum products, 'Microorganisms,
Degradation, Sediments, Sampling, Temperature,
Sites, Transport properties, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Crude oil, Puget Sound, Juan de Fuca Strait,
Washington(State), 'Oil pollution, Oil spills.
PB-288 410/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A Method for the Sampling and Analysis of Poly-
chlorinated Blphenyls (PCBs) In Ambient Air. Final
rept. Aug 75-Dec 77,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
Charles L. Stratton, Stuart A. Whitlock, and J. Mark
Allan. Aug 78,150p EPA/600/4-78/048
Contract EPA-68-01-2978
A method was developed for the sampling and analy-
sis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air. An easily
constructed, high-volume sampling system is em-
ployed with porous polyurethane foam as the collec-
tion medium. The sample is collected at the rate of 0.6
to 1.0 cu m per minute. Laboratory procedures de-
scribed in this document permit the quantitative analy-
sis of even the most volatile PCS species in an air
sample. A perchlorination technique for the quantita-
tive analysis of PCB has been adapted for use. The
technique is shown to convert even the most volatile
PCB species to decachlorobiphenyl for simple and
direct quantitative analysis. Data is presented to show
conversion efficiencies of a variety of PCBs to decach-
lorobiphenyl of 101 + or - 6 percent over the range of
0.103 to 10.0 micrograms. A ruggedness test was con-
ducted which indicates the proposed perchlorination
technique can yield reliable Intel-laboratory results. The
perchlorination technique is generally necessary for
the analysis of low (i.e., less than 25 ng/cu m airborne
levels of PCB. The analytical method is effective for
the analysis of airborne PCB levels within at least the
range of 1 ng/cu m to 50 micrograms/cu m. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Gas chroma-
tography, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Air pollution
detection, Biphenyl/perchloro, Aroclor 1016, Aroclor
1242, Procedures.
PB-288 412/0 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxaphene Composition and Toxicology,
California Univ., Berkeley. Pesticide Chemistry and
Toxicology Lab.
John E. Casida, and Mahmoud A. Saleh. Sep 78,68p"
EPA/600/1-78/060
GrantEPA-R-803913
The composition and metabolism of Toxaphene have
been examined to aid in understanding the conditions
under which this insecticide can be most effectively
and safety used. Each of 8 Toxaphene samples manu-
factured by Hercules Chemical Co. from 1949 to 1975
shows the same 29 major peaks and in almost identi-
cal ratios. About 85% of the total peak area is account-
ed for by these 29 peaks which individually vary from 1
to 8% of the total. The 8 Toxaphene samples were
easily differentiated from 12 samples of chlorinated
terpenes from other manufacturers in the United
States and abroad. There is surprisingly little variation
in the acute toxicity of any sample. Fat from chickens
and mammals treated orally with Toxaphene contains
products similar in GLC characteristics to Toxaphene
itself whereas liver and feces contain Toxaphene-de-
rived products of greatly altered GLC properties. Toxa-
phene preparations and related chlorinated terpenes
are mutagens in the histidine-requiring Salmonella ty-
phimurium assay. The most potent mutagenic compo-
nents, which are not identified, reside in the polar frac-
tions on crystallization or column chromatography.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Me-
tabolism, Mutations, Tables(Data), Salmonella typhi-
murium, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Sam-
ples, Gas chromatography, Pest control, Insect con-
trol, 'Toxaphene, Camphenes, Procedures, Thin layer
chromatography.
PB-288 415/3 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot Scale Evaluations of Septage Treatment Al-
ternatives. Final rept. 1 Oct 76-31 Mar 78,
Maine Municipal Association, Augusta.
Arthur J. Condren. Sep 78,135p EPA/600/2-78/164
Grant EPA-R-804804-01
Prepared in cooperation with Jordan (Edward C.) Co.,
Inc., Portland, ME.
The generation of septage in rural areas essentially
dictates that the treatment of this material be under-
taken close to its point of origin to minimize treatment
costs. Two strategies exist Tor its proper treatment:
The utilization of local municipal wastewater treatment
facilities as a receiver for this waste, or the construc-
tion of facilities exclusively for the handling of this ma-
terial. This report defines the function, approaches,
variables and problem areas associated with the raw
septage receiving station, pretreatment (screening),
septage conditioning, sludge dewatering, aqueous
fraction treatment, sludge disposal, and combined
fraction.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Rural areas, 'Sludge
disposal, Septic tanks, Centrifuging, Sedimentation,
Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), Sewage filtra-
tion, Dewatering, Settling, Activated carbon treatment,
Aeration, Pilot plants, Municipalities, Cost analysis,
Maine, Sludge, Falmouth(Maine), Physical chemical
treatment, 'Septic tank sludge.
PB-288 416/1 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Study of the Chemical and Behavioral Toxicology
of Substitute Chemicals In Mlcrotlne Rodents.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
James M. Cholakis, Laurence C. K. Wond, and Cheng-
Chun Lee. Aug 78, 60p EPA/600/3-78/082
Contract EPA-68-01-4195
Acute oral LD50 and 30-day dietary subacute LC50
studies of 10 selected pesticides were evaluated in mi-
crotine rodents. As a means to developing new animal
model systems, four species of microtine rodents in-
cluding Microtus ochrogaster (MO), Microtus canlcau-
dus (MC), Microtus pennsylvanicus (MP) and Microtus
montanus (MM) voles were used. The acute LD50
(median lethal dose in mg/kg) in all four species and
the subacute LC50 (median lethal concentration in
ppm) in MO and MC voles were computed using probit
analysis. The data from both the acute and the 30-day
subacute studies revealed that MC voles were approxi-
mately twice as sensitive to these pesticides as MO
voles. Based on the acute studies, the overall order of
pesticide toxicity was as follows: parathion > methyl
parathion > dieldrin > 2,4-D > 2,4,5-T > simazine
propanil = PCNB = HCB = trifluralin. The general
order of species sensitivity was as follows: MC> MP>
MO > MM. No apparent sex differences were observed
In MP, MO or MM voles. In MC voles, the female ap-
peared to be two- to three-fold more sensitive to
554 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
methyl parathion than the male. Based on the 30-day
subacute LC50 studies, the overall order of pesticide
toxtcity is as follows: dieldrin> parathion > methyl par-
athion> HCB> 2,4,5-T> PCNS> propanil. Based on
LQ50 values the laboratory rodents appear to be more
susceptible to 2,4-D, dieldrin, methyl parathion, parath-
ion, propanil, and 2,4,5-T, equally susceptible to HOB,
PCNB, and tnfluralm, and less susceptible to simazine
'nan the MC voles.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Insecticides, Her-
bicides, Behavior, Rodents, Lethal dosage, Diets,
!ngestion(Biology), Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Dose rate, Sensitivity, Females, Males,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Dieldrin, Toxicity, Tables(Data), Microtus och-
[ogaster, 'Animal models, 'Toxic substances, Voles,
D 24 herbicide, Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, Phos-
Phorothioic acid/0-0-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitropheny-
ester), Benzene/nitro-pentachloro, Acetic acid/trich-
prophenoxy, T2-4-5 herbicide, Propanil, Propionani-
Hde/dlchloro, Simazine, Triazine/bis(ethylamino)-
chloro, 'Environmental chemical substitutes, Microtus
canicaudus, Microtus pennsylvanicus, Microtus mon-
tanus, Dimethanonaphthalenes, PCNB fungicide,
Methyl parathion, Benzene/hexachloro, Toluidine/tri-
'luoro-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl.
PB-288 419/5 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on 1975
•nd 1976 Light-Duty Vehicles In Washington, DC.
Final rept.,
General Environments Corp., Springfield, VA.
LeBaron H. Washington. Mar 77, 248p EPA/460/3-
J6/031
Contract EPA-68-03-2185
A comprehensive study was conducted of automobile
axhaust emissions and the effects of restorative main-
tenance and selective engine parameter maladjust-
ment on these emissions. This was a study of 100,
'975 and 1976 model year consumer owned vehicles
Irom the Washington, D.C. area and was an addition to
"total surveillance program which had been conduct-
pd in seven major cities (Denver, Washington, D.C.,
LOS Angeles, Houston, Phoenix, Chicago and St.
i-ouis) in order to determine the impact of automobile
omissions on air quality. This additional study was not
"jade in all seven of the cities involved in the original
*tudy. Specifically, vehicles from the Washington, D.C.
area were tested for fuel economy and the content of
>ptal hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
J[w nitrogen oxides in their exhaust emissions using
|Pe 1975 Federal Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel
economy Test, the Federal Short Cycle, the New York-
£ew Jersey Acid Test, the Clayton Key Mode Test, the
|*o Speed Idle Test, and the Federal Three Mode
1 «t. (Portions of this document are not fully legible)
Bywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, *Ex-
"aust emissions, 'Air pollution, Maintenance, Perform-
ance evaluation, Inspection, Statistical data, District of
S<>iumbia, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon
joxide, Nitrogen oxides, 'Corrective maintenance,
Light duty vehicles, General Motors vehicles, Ford
Ifhicles, Chrysler vehicles, Motor vehicles(1975
models), Motor vehicles(1976 models).
{£•288 421/1 PC A04/MF A01
HJ*P*r«lon of Sewage Sludge Discharged Into
^w York Bight. Physical Oceanographlc Data •
Environmental Research Lab., OR. Marine
«hd Freshwater Ecology Branch.
Q-M Teeter, R. J. Callaway, and D. W. Denbo. Sep 78,
6°PEPA/600/3-78/086A
Tjjj* volume contains physical oceanographic data
Collected at the sewage sludge disposal site near the
?P»x of the New York Bight December 18 through 21,
thL An optical tracer method was used to measure
"'» water column distribution of waste material with
r"J» after discharge. Profiles with depth were taken for
J*° to four hours after waste discharge. Ambient tem-
r^ature-salinity-density profiles and current meas-
ur«menta were also taken.
.N- .._s: 'Oceanographic data, 'Sludge disposal,
J7** Vork Bight, Oceanographic surveys. Ocean en-
g^nments, Profiles, Salinity, Ocean temperature,
^Pn Ocean currents, Distribution(Property), Turbi-
V. Ocean tides, DensttyfMass/volume). Sea water,
Atmospheric pressure, Light transmission, New York,
New Jersey, 'Ocean waste disposal, Tracer studies.
PB-288 424/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Casltas, Ventura County, California. Final
rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,43p WORKING PAPER-742
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Casitas, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Ventura County(Calitornia).
PB-288 425/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Henshaw, San Diego County, California. Final
rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,43p WORKING PAPER-748
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Henshaw, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, San Diego CountyfCalifornia).
PB-288 438/5 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Two-Stage Granular Activated Carbon Treatment.
Final rept. Mar 70-Dec 73,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whittler, CA.
Leon S. Directo, Ching-lin Chen, and Robert P. Miele.
Sep 78, 75p EPA/600/2-78/170
Contract EPA-14-12-150
Two 6.3 I/sec (0.15 mgd), two-stage, packed-bed,
downflow granular activated carbon pilot plants were
operated continuously for 33 months using unfiltered
and unchlorinated activated sludge plant effluent. The
main objective of the study was to compare the per-
formance of granular carbons of different particle size.
The data collected during this study has demonstrated
the efficacy of the two stage carbon adsorptive system
in consistently producing effluent of excellent overall
quality. Effluent averaged 6-7 mg/t DCOD and 2 mg/l
S.S. The carbon capacity with the 8x30 mesh carbon
decreased about 25% after four adsorption cycles, re-
sulting in an apparent steady state capacity of 0.26 Ibs.
DCOD removed/lb carbon. A 23% decrease in carbon
capacity occurred after three adsorption cycles with
the 12x40 mesh carbon. The 12x40 carbon has about
13% more DCOD removal capacity than the 8x30
carbon. While the smaller carbon showed slightly
higher treatment capacity than the larger carbon, the
latter has lower initial cost, lower pressure loss and
lower regeneration loss. Thus the larger size carbon
was more economical.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated carbon
treatment, Organic compounds, Adsorption, Perform-
ance evaluation. Pilot plants. Design criteria, Air pollu-
tion control, Contactors, Economics, Particle size,
'Tertiary treatment, 'Granular activated carbon treat-
ment, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-288 439/3 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lafc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Follow-up of Patients Receiving Diagnostic Do»»»
of 131 Iodine During Childhood. Final rept. Jun 73-
May 77,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Benjamin S. H. Harris, III, Martha L. Smith, and Mildred
I. Holt. Sep 78, 70p EPA/600/1-78/059
Contract EPA-68-02-1213
The report documents the data collection methodolo-
gy and procedures of a follow-up survey conducted of
persons under 16 years old who received diagnostic
Iodine 131 for evaluation of thyroid function at nine
clinical centers prior to December 31,1960. The intent
of this data collection effort is to estimate the dose re-
sponse curve for the development of thyroid neo-
plasms in young adults who received low diagnostic
doses of Iodine 131 as children. Of 2,287 potential
study subjects identified, some medical records were
reviewed and abstracted for 1,999 or some 87 percent.
With study activities incomplete, of 186 private physi-
cians and other referral sources contacted for supple-
mental data, only three or less than two percent de-
clined to participate; of 1,362 patients who were deter-
mined eligible and entered the survey phase, some
final resolution (completed questionnaire, death certifi-
cate, or refusal) was obtained for 1,065 or some 78
percent. The statistical analysis of these data will be
performed under a related project sponsored by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Keywords: 'Iodine 131, 'Isotopes, Dosage, Children,
Patients, Iodine isotopes, Surveys, Data collection,
Methodology, Procedures, Estimates, Neoplasms,
Medical records, Objectives, Hospitals, Data process-
ing, Implementation, Diagnostic agents, 'Thyroid func-
tion tests, Dose response relationships, 'Follow up
studies.
PB-288 441/9 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado County, California.
Final rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,41 p WORKING PAPER-746
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fallen Leaf Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, El Dorado County(California).
PB-288 442/7 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Brltton, Shasta County, California. Final rept.
Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,48p WORKING PAPER-741
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Britton. Water qual-
ity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pollution
abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds, Water
quality management, California, 'Water quality data,
Eutrophication, Shasta County(California).
December 1983 555
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-J88 443/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmentamesearch Lab., OR.
Upper Twin Lake, Mono County, California. Final
rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey. Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78. 33p WORKING PAPER-762
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
Of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Upper Twin Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Mono County (California).
PB-288 457/5 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Teratology of Guthlon,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Robert D. Short, Jan L. Minor, Timothy M. Unger, and
Cheng-Chun Lee. Aug 78, 29p EPA/600/1-78/056
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of
Guthion, a pesticide with anticholinesterase activity, on
development in rats and mice. A preliminary toxicity
study with Guthion indicated that a 35 LD50 dose for
virgin rats and a 10 day LD50 dose for virgin mice was
between 4 and 8 mg/kg/day for both species. On the
basis of this data, doses of 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mo/
kg/day were selected for the developmental study,
which consisted of two phases. During the first phase,
pregnant rats and mice were treated for 10 days start-
ing on gestational day 6. The high dose affected ma-
ternal welfare only in rats. Guthion did not significantly
increase in a dose-related manner any of the specific
anomalies observed in either rats or mice. During the
second phase, pregnant rats were treated from gesta-
tional day 6 to post-partum day 21. Dams in the high
dose group were more sensitive to Guthion later in
gestation with the result that deaths and signs of anti-
cholinesterase toxicity increased during this time.
Guthion also adversely affected maternal welfare in
this group. As a result of Guthion toxicity, only one litter
survived until weaning. The inability to dissociate toxic-
ity in adult and developing animals suggests that Guth-
ion has little primary effect on the development of rats
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Cholinesterase inhibitors,
•Toxicology, 'Congenital abnormalities, Assessments,
Rats, Mice, Lethal dosage, Laboratory animals, Experi-
mental data, Toxicity, Dosage, Pregnancy,
Reproduction(Biology), Tables(Data), 'Azmphos-
methyl, 'Teratology, Lactation.
PB-288 458/3 PC A03/MF A01
Test* of the Dual Differential Radiometer Under
Field Condition*. Interim rept. Mar 72-Sep 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Robert W. Thomas. Aug 78,32p EPA/600/4-78/045
A dual differential radiometer was tested on numerous
eastern United States lakes and reservoirs. Remotely
sensed data were compared with ground-truth chloro-
phyll a values. Results indicate that the instrument has
only limited application in the remote sensing of chlo-
rophyll a in the nation's lakes. At its present state of
development, its use should be confined to large,
deep, relatively clear water bodies in conjunction with
ground-truth and surface survey efforts.
Keywords: 'Radiometers, 'Field tests, 'Water pollu-
tion, "Lakes, 'Chlorophylls, 'Remote sensing, Com-
parison, Aerial surveys, Eutrophication, Ground truth.
PB-288 464/1 PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
UMT Quid* for th« Enhanced Hydrodynamlcal-Nu-
merlcal Model. Final rept. 1975-77,
Compass Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA.
A. D. Stroud, and R. A. Bauer. Jul 78,152p EPA/600/
3-78/074
Contract EPA-68-03-2225
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-287 887.
T,his guide provides the documentation required for
used of the Enhanced Hydrodynamical-Numerical
Model on operational problems. The enhanced model
is a multilayer Hansen type model extended to handle
near-shore processes by including: Non-linear term
extension to facilitate small-mesh studies of near-
shore, including river inflow dynamics; Layer disap-
pearance extension to enable appropriate procedures
in tidal flat and marshy regions, as well as some down/
upwelling cases; Thermal advection enhancement for
treatment of thermal pollution cases by method of mo-
ments coupled with heat budget procedures; Monte
Carlo diffusion enhancement to deal with dispersion
via statistical methods and comparison to the method
of moments experiments. The guide includes a de-
scription of the model system, source code mainte-
na, ice procedures, notes on implementation, function-
al descriptions of routines and option sets, listings and
example runs for a test data set.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Numerical analysis, Monte Carlo method, Marshes,
Plumes, Diffusion theory. Computer programs, Man-
uals, Fortran, "Hydrodynamic models, HN model, Wet-
lands, Tidal flats, Method of moments, CDC-3100
computers, LAYER 35 computer program, LAYERS
computer program.
PB-288 484/9 PC A07/MF A01
Follow-Up Study of the Distribution and Fate of
Polychlorlnated Blphenyl* and Benzene* in Soil
and Ground Water Sample* After an Accidental
Spill of Transformer Fluid,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
George J. Moein, Al J. Smith, Kenneth E. Biglane, Bill
Loy, and Tom Bennett. Jan 76,145p EPA/904/9-76/
014
This technically oriented study was designed to derive
a PCB concentration profile in a spill area two years
after the occurrence of the spill. Many months of field
work and laboratory analysis were spent to examine
numerous environmental factors to determine the fate
of PCB and benzenes in the natural environment. The
area, under investigation for migration and/or degra-
dation was found virtually unchanged while the solvent
had continued to leach into the underground water.
There was, however, no evidence of permanent envi-
ronmental damage detected in the spill area.
Keywords: 'Insulating oil, 'Benzene, Chlorine organic
compounds, Transport properties, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys,
Leaching, Ground water, Soil analysis, Sampling,
Water analysis, Sediments, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, 'Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, 'Hazardous materials spills, Bi-
phenyl/perchloro, Land pollution, Aroclor 1254, Path
of pollutants.
PB-288 497/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source A**e»*ment: Open Mining of Coal. State
of th* Art Final rept. Sep 74-Sep 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
S. J. Rusek, S. R. Archer, R. A. Wachter, and T. R.
Blackwood. Sep 78,90p* MRC-DA-709, EPA/600/2-
78/004X
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from the open mining of coal. The potential envi-
ronmental effect of this emission source was evaluat-
ed using source severity, defined as the ratio of the
maximum ground-level concentration of a pollutant at
a representative plant boundary to a hazard factor.
The hazard factor is the ambient air quality standard
for criteria pollutants and an adjusted threshold limit
value for other pollutants. Respirable dusts are gener-
ated from five unit operations and from wind erosion.
Keywords; 'Air pollution, 'Coal mining, 'Environmen-
tal impacts, 'Surface mining, Strip mining, Coal dust,
Trace elements, Silicon dioxide. Methane, Particles,
Drilling, Blasting, Mine haulage, Transportation, Wind
erosion, Air pollution control, Reviews, Auger mining,
Particulates.
PB-288 509/3 PC A03/MF A01
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Lower Twin Lake, Mono County, California. Final
rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78, 34p WORKING PAPER-761
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient it
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lower Twin Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Mono County (California).
PB-288 510/1 PCA04/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Virus Sensitivity to Chlorine Disinfection of Water
Supplies. Final rept. Aug 74-Apr 78,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Richard S. Engelbrecht, Michael J. Weber, Carla A.
Schmidt, and Brenda L. Salter. Aug 78,55p EPA/600/
2-78/123
Grant EPA-R-803346
The efficiency of chlorine disinfection of viruses is
likely to be affected both by the type of virus and by the
nature of the suspending medium. The purpose of this
study was to examine the effects of virus type, sus-
pending medium and the interaction of these, on the
kinetics of inactivation by chlorine. Six enteric viruses
(.picornaviruses) as well as SV40 and Kilham rat virus
were studied under carefully controlled laboratory con-
ditions. It was found that the different virus types
showed a wide range of sensitivity to chlorine disinfec-
tion. The rate of inactivation was greater at pH 6 than
at pH 10; however, the relative sensitivities of the dif-
ferent viruses were affected differently by change* in
pH. This indicates an effect of pH both on the species
of chlorine and on the sensitivity of the virus, the pres-
ence of dissolved ions also had an effect on sensitivity
to chlorine. The possible effects of virus aggregation
and the appearance of chlorine resistant mutants were
investigated as well. The results indicate that it will be
difficult to obtain a single virus type which will serve as
a suitable indicator of disinfection under all circum-
stances.
Keywords: 'Viruses. 'Disinfection, 'Chlorination, Sen-
sitivity, Potable water, Efficiency, Sterlization, Water
treatment, Enteroviruses, pH, Polioviruses, Coxsackie
viruses, ECHO viruses, Water pollution, Temperature,
Genetics, Picornaviruses. Drinking water.
PB-288 S11/9 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Environmental Pathways of Selected Chemical* In
Freshwater System*. Part II. Laboratory Studies.
Final rept. 30 Jun 75-30 Apr 77,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. H. Smith, W. R. Mabey, N. Bohonos, B. R. Holt, and
S. S. Lee. May 78,432p EPA/600/7-78/074
Contract EPA-68-03-2227
See also Part 1 dated Oct 77, PB-274 548.
Environmental exposure assessment models and lab-
oratory procedures for predicting the pathways of po-
tentially harmful chemicals in freshwater environment*
were described in Part I of this report (PB-274 548).
Procedures were developed for measuring the rates of
volatilization, photolysis, oxidation, hydrolysis, and bio-
transformations as well as the sorption partition coeffi-
cients on natural sediments and on a mixture of four
bacteria. The results were integrated with a simple
computer model to predict the pathways of chemical*
in ponds, rivers, and lakes. This second part of th*
project report describes the successful application of
these procedures to 11 chemicals of environment*! in-
terest. The chemicals were p-cre*ol,
benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, quinollne,
benzo(f)quinoline, 9H-carbazole, 7H-
556 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dlbenzo(c,g)carbazole, benzo(b)thiopene, and diben-
zothlophene which might be found in the effluents of
plants using or processing fossil fuels, and methyl par-
athion and mirex, which are agricultural pesticides.
Keywords: "Fresh water, "Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, Industrial wastes, Pesticides, Fossil fuels,
Photolysis, Oxidation, Hydrolysis, Vaporizing, Azoles,
Nitrogen organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Carbazoles, Mathematical models, Cresols,
Benzanthracene, Quinolines, "Path of pollutants,
Water pollution detection, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo-
guinollne, Carbazole/dibenzo, thiophene/benzo,
Thiophene/dibenzo.
{jB-288 512/7 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
g-nay Analysis of Airborne Asbestos. Final
"•port Design and Construction of a Prototype
*«oestos Analyzer. Report for Oct 76-Jun 78,
Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC. Radiation
Technology Div.
L S. Blrks, J. V. Qilfrich, and J. W. Sandelin. Aug 78,
|7p EPA/600/2-76/ 194
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-266 671 .
*! prototype asbestos analyzer has been designed and
constructed for use by the Environmental Protection
Agency. It incorporates the principle of broad-beam x-
ray optics and the special fiber-aligned sample de-
scribed in earlier reports (PB-241 285 and PB-266
".'')• The prototype instrument uses two detectors for
simultaneous measurement of diffracted signal and
Background; the mass of asbestos is simply the net dif-
jerenco in intensity for these two detectors normalized
oy the sensitivity of the analyzer as determined using
"jiandards. The prototype analyzer Is contained in a
jacuum box 15x15x32 cm and mounts on top of a
fWndard commercial x-ray power supply. It uses a Cr
""get spectrographic tube which is located in a sepa-
"•» lead-shielded enclosure in the box. The mechan-
«« i of selecting the 2 theta diffracting angles for dlffer-
•™ forms of asbestos are unique and especially de-
ie nez,to m'nimize the space required. The beam trap
!» a critical component of the instrument; it reduces the
sackscattered noise signal to less than 100 photons/
•ep from an incident beam of about 10 to the 11th
P°*er photons/sec. Preliminary tests with the analyz-
w indicate a sensitivity of 18 photons per second per
nrorogram of chrysotile and a calculated Sigma detec-
"on umit of 0.1 microgram for a 500 second meas-
"^"wnts. Amosite has a somewhat better sensitivity
and detection limit.
ywords: "Asbestos, *X ray diffraction, Serpentine.
"™ifln, Performance evaluation, Gas analysts, Chemi-
041 analysis, X ray analysis, * Air pollution detection.
PC A10/MF A01
wunidpal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
r of Bacteria and Virus Emissions at •
«lnoMF PjiriV6d Fuel Plant Mld othvr WMta Han'
n^*??' Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
8' p- G- Gorman, M. P. Schrag, and L. J.
2?* report presents the results of work carried out by
rarest Research Institute for the Environmental Pro-
to determine relative levels of bacteria
?na virus in order to compare these levels at the St.
rju* Refuse Processing Plant with those at tour other
w£2? Wa8te handling facilities (i.e., an Incinerator, a
«»» transfer station, a wastewater treatment plant,
S?a landfill). This work also included testing to deter-
erial removal efficiency of the Environmental
Agency mobile fabric filter (baghouse) oper-
? 8llps
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Brines, 'Water pollution control, Feasibil-
ity, Economics, Food processing, Industrial wastes,
Fermentation, Heat treatment, Process charting, Cost
analysis, Operating costs, Tablas(Data), Desalting,
'Pickle industry, 'Cucumbers, 'Waste water reuse,
Chemical treatment.
PB-286 588/7 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sewage Disposal by Evaporation-Transpiration.
Final rept. Jul 75-May 78,
Colorado Univ., Boulder. Dept. of Civil Environmental,
and Architectural Engineering.
Edwin R. Bennett, and K. Daniel Linstedt. Sep 78,
196p EPA/600/2-78/163
Grant EPA-R-803871
One of the methods for on-site disposal of wastewater
from individual homes is by evaporation. Two types of
evaporative disposal systems have been investigated
in this study; evapo-transpiration (ET) beds and me-
chanical evaporation units. Twenty nine test lysimeters
of 0.22 cubic meters volume each were utilized to
evaluate the effect of design and operational param-
eters for ET beds. The variables studies were
wastewater loading rate, effect of the weather varia-
bles of evaporation and rainfall, ET sand size, evapo-
ration rate as a function of the water saturation depth,
and the transpiration contribution of surface vegeta-
tion. A design method is presented along with cost
data and an analysis of the national application poten-
tial of this type of system. The evaporation of
wastewater using mechanical systems was studied
using a pilot scale unit. Two types of evaporation de-
signs were evaluated. Design equations were estab-
lished for both units. Cost data and analysis of national
application potential is also presented.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Evapotranspiration,
'Evaporation, 'Rural areas, Evaporators, Lysimeters,
Transpiration, 'Weather observations, 'Rainfall, Wind
velocity, Loading rate, Rates(Per time), Design, Sys-
tems analysis, Cost estimates, Households, Residen-
tial buildings, Residential sector, 'Household wastes.
PB-288 601-SET PC E13
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for High-
Btu Gasification Technology.
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
Sep 78, 929p-in 3v
Set Includes PB-288 602 thru PB-288 604.
No abstract available.
PB-288 602/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for Hlgh-
Btu Gasification Technology: Volume I. Technical
Discussion. Final rept. Jun 77-Aug 78,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, K. Crawford, and S. Quinlivan. Sep 78,
172p EPA/600/7-78/ 186A
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
See also Volume 2, PB-286 603.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-288 601-
The report is part of a comprehensive EPA program for
the environmental assessment (EA) of high-Btu gasifi-
cation technology. It summarizes and analyzes the ex-
isting data base for the EA of technology and identifies
limitations of available data. Results of the data base
analysis indicate that there currently are insufficient
data for comprehensive EA. The data are limited since:
(1) there are no integrated plants, (2) some of the pilot
plant data are not applicable to commercial oper-
ations, (3) available pilot plant data are generally not
very comprehensive In that not all streams and con-
stituents/parameters of environmental interest are ad-
dressed, (4) there is a lack of experience with control
processes/equipment in high-Btu gasification service,
and (5) lexicological and ecological Implications of
constituents in high-Btu gasification waste streams are
not established. A number of programs are currently
underway or planned which should generate some of
the needed data. The report consists of three volumes:
Volume I summarizes and analyzes the data base.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Technology, Process charting, Design
criteria, Pilot plants, Air pollution control, Sulfur diox-
ide, Hydrocarbons, Water pollution control, Dissolved
gases, Management planning, Inorganic compounds,
Particles, Odors, Carbon monoxide, Solid waste dis-
posal, 'High btu gas.
PB-288 603/4 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for High-
Btu Gasification Technology: Volume II. Appendi-
ces A, B, and C. Final rept. Jun 77-Aug 78,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, K. Crawford, and S. Quinlivan. Sep 78,
415pEPA/600/7-78/186B
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
See also Volume 1, PB-288 602 and Volume 3, PB-288
604.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-288 601-
The report is part of a comprehensive EPA program for
the environmental assessment (EA) of high-Btu gasifi-
cation technology. It summarizes and analyzes the ex-
isting data base for the EA of technology and identifies
limitations of available data. Results of the data base
analysis indicate that there currently are insufficient
data for comprehensive EA. The data are limited since:
(1) there are no integrated plants, (2) some of the pilot
plant data are not applicable to commercial oper-
ations, (3) available pilot plant data are generally not
very comprehensive in that not all streams and con-
stituents/parameters of environmental interest are ad-
dressed, (4) there is a lack of experience with control
processes/equipment in high-Btu gasification service,
and (5) lexicological and ecological implications of
constituents in high-Btu gasification waste streams are
not established. A number of programs are currently
under way or planned which should generate some of
the needed data. The report consists of three volumes
of which Volume II contains data sheets on gasifica-
tion, gas purification, and gas upgrading.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Technology, Process charting, Design
criteria, Purification, Equipment, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Performance evaluation, Pilot
plants, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'High btu gas,
Solid wastes.
PB-288 604/2 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for High-
Btu Gasification Technology: Volume III. Appendi-
ces D, E, and F. Final rept. Jun 77-Aug 78,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, K. Crawford, and S. Quinlivan. Sep 78,
342p EPA/600/7-78/186C
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
See also Volume 2, PB-288 603.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-288 601 -
The report is part of a comprehensive EPA program for
the environmental assessment (EA) of high-Btu gasifi-
cation technology. It summarizes and analyzes the ex-
isting data base for the EA of technology and identifies
limitations of available data. Results of the data base
analysis indicate that there currently are insufficient
data for comprehensive EA. The data are limited since:
(1) there are no integrated plants, (2) some of the pilot
plant data are not applicable to commercial oper-
ations, (3) available pilot plant data are generally not
very comprehensive in that not all streams and con-
stituents/parameters of environmental interest are ad-
dressed, (4) there Is a lack of experience with control
processes/equipment in high-Btu gasification service,
and (5) toxicological and ecological implications of
constituents in high-Btu gasification waste streams are
not established. A number of programs are currently
under way or planned which should generate some of
the needed data. The report consists of three volumes
of which Volume III contains data sheets on air and
water pollution control and on solid waste manage-
ment.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Technology, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Management
planning, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Process charting, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Sulfur oxides, Particles, Encap-
sulating, Incinerators, Oils, Dissolved gases, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Organic compounds, Sludge,
'High btu gas, Sludge treatment, Land disposal.
PB-288 628/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Vibratory Spiral Blancher-Cooler. Final rept. Jul 74-
Jan 77,
Science and Education Administration, Berkeley, CA.
Western Regional Research Center.
John L. Bomben, J. S. Hudson, W. C. Dietrich, Richard
Rand, and J. W. Farquhar. Sep 78,64p EPA/600/2-
78/206
QrantEPA-S-803312
Prepared in cooperation with American Frozen Food
Inst., McLean, VA.
The objective of the demonstration project was to test
the commercial feasibility of the vibratory spiral
blancher-cooler, a newly designed steam blancher and
air cooler that previous small scale tests showed could
reduce the wasteload and energy consumption of pre-
paring vegetables for freezing. The results of the tests
showed the following: (1) The unit reduced the hydrau-
lic wasteload of conventional blanching and cooling by
several orders of magnitude and the organic waste-
load by as much as 80%; (2) the steam efficiency of
the blancher was 85%, which exceeds by 17 times
that measured for a conventional steam blancher; and
(3) sensory tests were done only with the snap-beans
and lima beans. Those samples produced by the vibra-
tory spiral blancher-cooler were judged either equal or
superior in flavor and texture to those conventionally
blancher and cooler.
Keywords: 'Food processing, 'Vegetables, Freezing,
Agricultural wastes, Reduction, Organic wastes, Taste,
Beans, Flavor, Texture, Efficiency, Energy, Air cooling,
Vibration, Bleaching, Steam, Coolers, 'Blanchers,
Energy conservation, Energy consumption, Environ-
ment protection.
PB-288 630/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Applicability of Petroleum Refinery Control Tech-
nologies to Coal Conversion. Final rept. Jul 77-Aug
76,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, D. Strehier, K. Crawford, and S.
Quinlivan. Oct 78,127p EPA/600/7-78/190
Contract EPA-68-02-263S
The report gives results of an evaluation of the applica-
bility of refinery control technologies to coal conver-
sion. It is part of a comprehensive program for the en-
vironmental assessment of high-Btu gasification tech-
nology. Process/waste streams from coal gasification
and liquefaction processes were characterized.
Streams with refinery counterparts were identified.
Toxicological and health effects data were also CO •
looted on waste stream constituents. Control technol-
ogies used in refineries to manage the identified
streams were evaluated and their applicability to coun-
terpart coal conversion streams was assessed. Study
results indicate that, despite similarities between the
refinery process/waste streams and their coal conver-
sion counterparts, significant composition differences
between the analogous streams would affect applica-
bility and design of a control technology. Many refinery
processes, which appear to have applicability to coal
conversion process/waste streams, have not been
tested for such applications. Additional testing would
be necessary to generate data needed for a more ac-
curate determination of their applicability.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Refineries, 'Pollution
control, Petroleum products, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Odors,
Sulfur, Fly ash, Particles, Flue gases, Public health,
Ecology, Metal containing organic compounds, Aro-
matic compounds, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Process charting, 'Coal liquefaction,
•High btu gas, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes, PolycycBC
aromatic hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, Fugitive emis-
sions.
558 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-288 644/8 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Iowa, Water Year 1971.
Part I. Surface Water Records. Part II. Water Qual-
ity Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA. Water Resources
Div.
1972, 362p USGS/WRD/HD-78/160, USQS/WDR/
IA-71/1
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Corps of Engineers, Wash-
ington, DC., Iowa State Geological Survey, Iowa City.,
and Iowa State Highway Commission, Ames.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Iowa
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge
records for 1 19 gaging stations; stage and contents for
13 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 gaging
stations. Also included are 382 low-flow and 126 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
>ng local, State, and Federal agencies in Iowa.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, *|owa,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table. Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
rables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-288 845/5 PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data lor Iowa, Water Year 1972.
Pan I. Surface Water Records. Part II. Water Qual-
ity Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA. Water Resources
1 973, 31 2p USGS/WRD/HD-78/ 1 61 , USGS/WDR/
£-72/1
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Corps of Engineers, Wash-
"XJton, DC., Iowa State Geological Survey, Iowa City.,
and Iowa State Highway Commission, Ames.
Water resources data for the 1 972 water year for Iowa
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
fy of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge
records for 1 21 gaging stations; stage and contents tor
jj takes and reservoirs; water quality for 24 gaging sta-
»ons. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
Scam, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. These data represent that
Part of the National Water Data System operated by
H* U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
state, and Federal agencies in Iowa.
j[eywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Iowa,
J»a'er quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River Basins, Observation
"ells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
'ables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
wates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
"ata, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-268 649/7 PC A03/MF A01
'naustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
JiQle Park, NC.
""•lysis of Cascade Impactor Data for Calculat-
?0 Particle Penetration. Final rept. Jun 78-Aug 78,
"esearch Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
£"" A. Lawless. Sep 78, 47p EPA/600/7-78/189
^ntract EPA-68-02-2612
report discusses the difficulties of analyzing eas-
•aae Impactor data to obtain particle penetrations ac-
rPniing to size. It considers several methods of analy-
Jr? (Interpolation, least-squares fitting, and spline fit-
"Jw and weighs their merits. It also discusses the use
"•transforming 'unctions prior to data fitting. It recom-
ZJJjnds the use of the normal transformation and spline
method, and provides computer programs to fa-
Its use.
Curve fitting. Computer programs, Fortran, 'Cascade
impactors, Spline functions, Lognormal density func-
tions.
PB-288 650/5 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Developments at Ninth International Conference
on Water Pollution Research Held at Stockholm,
Sweden on June 12-16,1978. Rept. for 3 Apr 78-31
Dec 78.
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research.
Sep 78,239p EPA/600/9-78/039
Grant EPA-R-805-756010
This report is an interpretive analysis of formal and in-
formal developments at the Ninth International Confer-
ence on Water Pollution Research held in Stockholm,
Sweden, on June 12-14,1978, and has been prepared
for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the
U.S.A. National Committee for Representation of the
United States to the International Association on
Water Pollution Research. Information of particular
significance concerning developments in international
water pollution research included: In the developed
countries the emphasis is changing from energy inten-
sive physical-chemical processes back to biological
systems for removal of both organic matter and nutri-
ents from wastewaters; a chemical-biological system
for the removal of both organic matter and nutrients
from wastewaters requires a design using mechanistic
principles and parameters which integrate both the
chemical and biological processes rather than treating
them separately.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings, Ni-
trification, Sludge digestion, Microorganism
control(Sewage), sewage filtration, Indicator species,
Mercury(Metal), Waste water, Ground water, Runoff,
Lakes, Coasts, Adsorption, Mathematical models,
Sweden, Land application, Storm
point sources, Tertiary treatment.
i water runoff, Non-
ywords: 'Data analysis, Particle size, Penetration,
^' Pollution control equipment,
, Least squares method,
PB-288 697/6 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
1972,283pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/239, USGS/WDR/
NJ-71-2
See also Part 1, PB-288 698.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water quality of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 50 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
Jersey, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins,
Streams, Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data),
Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Con-
ductivity, 'Water quality data.
PB-288 712/3 PC AQ8/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nebraska, Water Year
1972. Part II. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. (Annual), 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Lincoln, NE. Water Resources Div.
1973,175p USGS/WRD/HD-78/225, USGS/WDR/
NE-72/2
Prepared In cooperation with Nebraska Univ., Lincoln.
Conservation and Survey Dry., Nebraska Dept. of
Water Resources, Lincoln, and Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Washington, DC. See also Part 1, PB-288 713.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Ne-
braska consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water quality of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 65 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Nebraska.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nebras-
ka, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
'Water quality data.
PB-288 714/9 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nebraska, Water Year
1974. Part II. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. (Annual), 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Lincoln, NE. Water Resources Div.
1975,261p USGS/WRD/HD-78/229, USGS/WDR/
NE-74/2
Prepared in cooperation with Nebraska Univ., Lincoln.
Conservation and Survey Div., Nebraska Dept. of
Water Resources, Lincoln, and Nebraska Natural Re-
sources Commission, Lincoln. See also Part 1, PB-288
715.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Ne-
braska consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams, and water quality of lakes and reser-
voirs. This report contains water quality for 65 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Nebraska.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nebras-
* ka, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
•Water quality data.
PB-288 719/8 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1971.
Part II. Water Quality Records. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
1972,408p USGS/WRD/HD-78/279, USGS/WDR/
OH-71/2
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Columbus, Div. of Water, Ohio Dept. of
Health, Columbus, Corps of Engineers, Washington,
DC., and Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. See also Part 1, PB-288 720.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Ohio
consist of records of discharge and water quality of
streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 77 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In
Ohio.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Ohio,
Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
pling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data.
PB-288 720/6 PC A11/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1971.
Part I. Surface Water Records. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
1972,236p USGS/WRD/HD-78/278, USGS/WDR/
OH-71/1
Prepared In cooperation with Ohio Dept. of Highways,
Columbus, Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Colum-
bus, and Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC. See
also Part 2, PB-288 719.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Ohio
consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes, and res-
ervoirs. This report contains discharge records for 182
gaging stations; stage and contents for 28 lakes and
December 1983 559
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
reservoirs. Also included are 74 low-flow and 70 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Ohio, Sampling, Reser-
voirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Water table, Drain-
age, River basins, Observation wells, Water wells,
Temperature, Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-288 722/2 PC A21/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1972.
Part II. Water Quality Records. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
1973,496p USGS/WRD/HD-78/281, USGS/WDR/
OH-72/2
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Columbus. Div. of Water, Ohio Dept. of
Health, Columbus, and Corps of Engineers, Washing-
ton, DC. See also Part 1, PB-288 718.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Ohio
consist of records of discharge and water quality of
streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 79 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National water
Data System operated by the U.S. Qeological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Ohio.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Ohio,
Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, Sam-
pling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inor-
ganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluor-
ides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water
quality data.
PB-288 724/8 PC A11/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1973.
Part I. Surface Water Records. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
1974,247p USGS/WRD/HD-78/282, USGS/WDR/
OH-73/1
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Dept. of Transpor-
tation, Ohio Debt, of Natural Resources, Columbus,
and Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC. See also
Part 2, PB-288 721.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Ohio
consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes, and res-
ervoirs. This report contains discharge records for 181
gaging stations; stage and contents for 29 lakes and
reservoirs. Also included are 78 low-flow and 74 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Ohio, Sampling, Reser-
voirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Water table, Drain-
age, River basins, Observation wells, Water wells,
Temperature, Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-288 731/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Volatile Organic Compound EmlMion Inventory
for Pulaski County, Arkansas. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, VA.
John Dadiani, Arthur B. Nunn, III, and Thomas J.
Haubacher. Oct 78,68p TRW-68-02-2813-11-1, EPA/
906/9-78/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2613-11
See also report dated Dec 77, PB-275 292.
This project includes the development of a volatile or-
ganic compound emission inventory for Pulaski
560 Vol. 83, No. 26
County, Arkansas which includes the Little Rock met-
ropolitan area. The inventory was compiled in accord-
ance with the methodology described in Procedures
for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Volatile
Organic Compounds (PB-275 292). The inventory con-
sists of emissions from stationary point sources, sta-
tionary area sources, and mobile sources. Emissions
from mobile sources account for approximately 66 per-
cent of total emissions. Stationary point source emis-
sions account for only about 7 percent of the total, and
point source emissions from adjacent counties do not
appear to make a significant contribution. The volatile
organic compound emission inventory represents cal-
endar year 1977.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, 'In-
ventories, Data acquisition, Exhaust emissions,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Planning, Arkansas, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, 'Pulaski County(Arkansas),
'Air quality, Stationary sources, Point sources, Proce-
dures, Emission factors.
PB-288 777/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition, Hy-
drologic Modifications. Appendix VIII. Final rept.
1973-78.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Sep 78,191 p EPA/903/9-78/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -3994
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to hydrologic modifications
in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The data
files included in this report are compiled from the Envi-
ronmental Data Base Directory and reflects data appli-
cable to hydrologic modifications from 1973 to the
present. The report also identifies the major past,
present, or planned monitoring efforts. The data will
aid in the design of future research and monitoring ef-
forts for the Chesapeake Bay. (Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Oceanographic data, 'Chesapeake Bay,
'Research projects. Monitoring, Directories, Bathy-
metry, Tidal currents, Temperature, Salinity,
Density(Mass/Volume), Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Chlorides, pH, Wind velocity, Baseline studies.
PB-288 783/4 PC A05/MF A01
Guideline on Air Quality Models.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 78,91 p* EPA/450/2-78/027, OAQPS-1.2-080
The guideline recommends air quality modeling tech-
niques that may be applied to air pollution control strat-
egy evaluations and new source reviews, including
prevention of significant deterioration. It is Intended for
use by EPA Regional Offices In judging the adequacy
of modeling analyses performed by EPA, by State and
local agencies, and by industry and its consultants. It
also identifies modeling techniques and data bases
that EPA considers acceptable. The guideline makes
specific recommendations concerning air quality
models, data bases, and general requirements for con-
centration estimates.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Mathematical models, 'Air
pollution, Guidelines, Atmospheric models, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Gaussian plume models, Diffusion
modeling, Clean Air Act Ammendments of 1977.
PB-288 791/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Seasonal Distribution, Trajectory Studies, and
Sorptlon Characteristics of Suspended Paniculate
Matter In the Northern Puget Sound Region,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, WA. Pacific Marine Environmental Lab.
Edward T. Baker, Joel D. Cllne, Richard A. Feely, and '
Joyce Quan. Jul 78,156p EPA/600/7-78/126
With the development of petroleum and natural gas re-
serves in Alaska, the waters of northern Puget Sound
and the Strait of Juan de Fuca have become major
transportation routes through which Alaskan petro-
leums are delivered to Washington State. The in-
creased tanker traffic undoubtedly will result In signifi-
cant addition of petroleum hydrocarbons to the marine
ecosystem. Once petroleum hydrocarbons are intro-
duced Into the marine environment, a combination of
physical, chemical, and biological processes become
operative in the destruction and removal of the oil. This
study focuses on the spatial and seasonal distributions
of suspended paniculate matter and its adsorption
characteristics relative to Alaskan crude oils. Seasonal
distributions of total suspended solids were deter-
mined for the area north of Admiralty Inlet, east of Port
Angeles, and south of the Fraser River between No-
vember 1976 and August 1977. Also, LANDSAT
images were utilized to study surface trajectories of
sediment plumes originating from the Fraser and
Skagit Rivers. The composition and abundance of hy-
drocarbons associated with suspended matter was
evaluated at five strategic locations in the northern
Puget Sound region. Laboratory measurements were
also performed under simulated natural conditions to
investigate the short-term interaction between Prud-
hoe Bay crude oil and two locally-derived riverine sedi-
ments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Petroleum products,
'Puget Sound, Particles, Hydrocarbons, Sorption,
Sediments, Crude oil, Concentration(Composition),
Transport properties, Sampling, Sites, Alaska, 'Oil pol-
lution, Oil spills, Path of pollutants, 'Suspended sedi-
ments.
PB-288 801/4 PC A07/MF A01
Urban Stormwater Management Workshop Pro-
ceedings Held In Edison, NJ. on December 1,
1977,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Richard Field. Aug 78,130p EPA/600/9-78/017
Contract EPA-68-03-2617, Grant EPA-R-802411
The workshop on urban Stormwater management
technology was held on December 1,1977 at the of-
fices of the USEPA in Edison, New Jersey. The pro-
ceedings contained herein represent the contributions
from participating lecturers and include the following
topics: Urban Stormwater management and technol-
ogy manual (update); comprehensive planning for con-
trol of urban storm runoff and combined sewer over-
flows; low cost-effective alternative and comparative
analysis from 208 areawide assessment study on com-
bined sewer overflow and urban Stormwater pollution
control; statistical characterization of runoff loading
rates and cost functions of control measures; dry
weather pollutant deposition in sewerage systems and
associated first flush combined sewer overflow pollu-
tion control by dry weather sewer flushing, nonpoint
pollution abatement through improved street cleaning
practices.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Stream pollution, 'Urban areas,
•Meetings, Mathematical models, Combined sewers,
Overflows, Flushing, Droughts, Cost effectiveness,
Drainage, Surface water runoff, Hydraulics, Cleaning,
Streets, Best management practice, 'Stormwater
runoff, Nonpoint sources, Non structural alternatives,
Organic loading, Urban hydrology.
PB-288 805/6 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Cycle Development,
Systems Control, Inc., Anaheim, CA. Environmental
Engineering Div.
Malcolm Smith. Jul 78,378p EPA/460/3-78/008
Contract EPA-68-03-0411
This report presents a summary and documentation of
the work performed on the title subject. Program ob-
jectives were successfully met with the development
of computer software to edit the CAPE-21 heavy-duty
vehicle raw-data base, to process the data base into
matrix formats suitable for the Monte Carlo generation
of representative engine-dynamometer and chassis-
dynamometer test cycles, and to generate and analyze
cycles. At least 3 candidate cycles were selected for
submission to EPA for each of 16 vehicle categories.
Keywords: 'Motor trucks, *Buses(Vehicle8), 'Gaso-
line engines, 'Diesel engines, Route surveys, Travel
patterns, Dynamometers, Data bases, Statistical data,
•Heavy duty vehicles, CAPE-21 computer program.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-288 8S9/2 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Assessment of Fugitive Partlculate EmlMlon Fac-
tors for Industrial Processes. Final rept,,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
John M. Zoller, J. Thomas Bertke, and Thomas A.
Janszen. Sep 78,194p* 3327-A, EPA/450/3-78/107
Contract EPA-68-02-2585
This document provides a priority listing of industrial
processes emitting fugitive participates and which are
in need of source sampling. Criteria for priority listing
are total potential uncontrolled fugitive paniculate
emissions (industry-wide), and adequacy of currently
available fugitive emission factor data. Each emission
factor was evaluated for its adequacy for inclusion into
AP-42. Adequacy of factors ranged from very poor
(based on estimates, assumed values, or unknown de-
velopment) to very good (based on complete test
data). An appendix contains the fugitive paniculate
emission factors in a format suitable for input into AP-
42. Also included in the appendix is particle size infor-
mation.
Keywords: 'Particles, "Air pollution, Assessments, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particle size,
Iron and steel industry, Smelting, Foundries, Mineral
deposits, Extraction, Grains, Manufacturing, Design
criteria, Process charting, Portland cements, Lime,
Concretes, Lumber, "Fugitive emissions, 'Emission
'actors, Point sources.
PB-288 860/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
QCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Dlv.
Theodore P. Midurski, and Alan H. Castaline. Aug 77,
1 1 2p GCA-TR-77-1 9-G, EPA/450/3-77/023
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
Estimates of the percentages of vehicles operating in
'ess than the stabilized condition (i.e., cold mode) have
been made for 60 locations in the Pittsburgh and Provi-
dence regions. These estimates were derived using
detailed regional travel data for both regions. Accurate
Knowledge of the percentages of vehicles operating in
me cold mode at a particular study location Is a Rey
•actor In estimating carbon monoxide emissions. That
carbon monoxide emission rates are severely affected
"V operation in the prestabilized condition has been
*ell documented through numerous laboratory stud-
ies. While these laboratory studies have served to
characterize carbon monoxide emissions from cold
operating vehicles with respect to variables such as
"Tnbient temperatures and cold soak duration, the
study being reported here examines specific traffic
streams to identify the actual percentages of vehicles
'hat are operating in the cold mode. Cold start percent-
ages are presented for the morning commuter hours,
We mid-day period, the evening commuter hours, and
$1.50/1000 gal, a minimum of
wet cooling should be considered. Between these, a
more balanced mix needs to be reviewed. All water re-
quirements of this study are based on complete water
re-use; i.e., no direct water discharge to streams or
rivers.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Coal gasification,
'Oil shale, 'Water consumption, Tablesffiata), Proc-
ess charting, Cost analysis, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, Energy consumption, Sites, Industrial
plants, 'Coal liquefaction, Water costs, Water quality,
Numerical solutions, Solvent refined coal, Synthoil
process, Hygas process, Synthane process, Lurgi
process.
PB-288 892/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Ths Transfer Function of Quarry Blast Hols* and
Vibration Into Typical Residential Structure*. Final
rept.,
Kamperman Associates, Inc., Downers Grove, IL.
George W. Kamperman, and Mary A. Nicholson. Feb
77,150p EPA/550/9-77/351
Contract EPA-68-01-4134
An experimental program was conducted to determine
the transfer function of quarry blast noise and vibration
into typical structures. Four distinct noise and vibration
signals are produced inside nearby dwellings. It was
determined that due to resonances excited within the
dwellings, the noise and vibration excitation was great-
er inside the dwellings than outside.
Keywords: 'Houses, 'Quarrying, 'Blast effects,
Noise(Sound), Vibration, Sound pressure, Transfer
functions, Data acquisition, Noise pollution, 'Noise
levels.
PB-288 904/6 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Assisted Area Source Emission*
(CAASE) Qrlddlng Procedure (Revised). UNIVAC
1110/EXEC 8 Version User's Manual. Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Richard C. Haws, J. W. Dunn, III. and Richard E.
Paddock. Mar 78,483p EPA/450/3-78/010
Contract EPA-68-02-2501
See also report dated Jan 74, PB-257 958.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling programs such as
the Climatologlcal Dispersion Model(CDM), Air Quality
Display Model (AQDM), and Implementation Planning
Program (IPP|
evaluatlo
evaluation of air quality and State Implementation
Plans (SIP's). Since emissions data comprise the most
Important input information for these models, any
factor affecting the availability and completeness of
the emissions data has a significant impact on the re-
sults of the modeling programs. Procedures for format-
ting emissions from point sources are well defined,
however area source emission data present problems.
Usually the smallest geographic unit for which accu-
rate primary data are available is the county. These
data must be disaggregated and appropriately allo-
cated to smaller areas to provide an adequately de-
tailed Input. The Computer Assisted Area Source
Emissions griddlng programs with associated subrou-
tines containing automated gridding procedures pro-
vide an objective method for allocating county-level
data to grid squares selected on the basis of demo-
graphic features and sized to give appropriate detail
for Input to air quality modeling programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Grids(Coordlnates), Com-
puter programs, Programming manuals, Computerized
simulation, Mathematical models, Urban areas, Coun-
ties, Sources, Inventories, Growth, Fuels, Allocations,
Exhaust emissions, Combustion products, Popula-
tions, 'Computer assisted area source emissions,
'CASSE computer programs, 'Air quality control re-
gions, *Alr quality maintenance areas, UNIVAC 1110
computers, Geocodlng, Housing, Point sources, Area
sources, 'Geocodlng.
PB-288 905/3 PC A08/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant EmlMlon Factor*
Third Edition (Including Supplement* 1-7). Supple-
ment No. 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 78,107p* AP-42-ED-3-Suppl-8
December 1983 561
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also reports dated Aug 77, PB-284 487 and PB-
284488.
In this supplement for compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (AP-42), revised and updated emis-
sions data are presented for wood stoves, refuse incin-
eration, open burning, off-highway stationary sources,
primary copper smelting, secondary copper smelting
and alloying, cotton ginning, ammonium nitrate fertiliz-
er manufacturing, asphaltic concrete plants, asphalt
roofing manufacturing, glass manufacturing, petroleum
refining, unpaved roads, and paved roads. The con-
tents cover: Wood stoves, refuse incineration, open
burning, internal combustion engine sources; notice,
off-highway stationary sources, cotton ginning, ammo-
nium nitrate fertilizers, primary copper smelting, sec-
ondary copper smelting and alloying, asphaltic con-
crete plants, asphalt roofing, glass manufacturing, pe-
troleum refining, unpaved roads (dirt and gravel), and
paved roads.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Inventories, Cotton plants,
Agricultural machinery, Sources, Combustion prod-
ucts, Coal, Natural gas, Industrial wastes, Wood, Boil-
ers, Stoves, Lignite, Bagasse, Fireplaces, Solid waste
disposal, Incinerators, Internal combustion engines,
Evaporation, Fossil fuels, Petroleum products, Chemi-
cal industry. Food industry, Metallurgy, Mineral depos-
its, Paper industry, Roads, Fertilizers, Smelting, Bitumi-
nous concretes, Roofing, 'Emission factors, Fugitive
emissions, Stationary sources.
PB-2B8 935/0 PC A15/MF A01
Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC.
Marine Biological Effects of DCS Petroleum De-
velopment. Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental
Assessment Program.
Douglas A. Wolfe. Sep 78,335p NOAA-TM-ERL-
OCSEAP-1, NOAA-78102601
Sponsored in part by Bureau of Land Management,
Washington, DC. and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals
and Industry.
This document contains the proceedings of the first
formal scientific review of the Biological Effects Stud-
ies managed by NOAA's Outer Continental Shelf Envi-
ronmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP). The proj-
ects, managed by NOAA/OCSEAP, fall into two cate-
gories, based on the sources of financial support:
Bureau of Land Management Environmental Studies
Program in support of DCS leasing for Alaskan oil and
gas development (Part I of Proceedings); NOAA's
Energy Resources Project on Fate and Effects of Pe-
troleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Ecosystems and Or-
ganisms. Part III of the Proceedings contains discus-
sions of selected topics addressed at the Review and
a brief synopsis of general comments received from
the invited outside reviewers.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, 'Oil pollution, 'Ecology,
•Marine biology, 'Alaska, 'Reviews, Research proj-
ects, Toxicity, Metals, Animal behavior, Marine fishes,
Crude oil, Food chains, Cook Inlet, Marine microorgan-
isms, Birds, Exposure, Mammals, Chlorohydrocar-
bons, Sediments, Metabolism, 'Outer continental
shelves, Baseline studies,, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Ecosystems, Trace metals.
PB-288 939/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Modulated Exhaust Gas Recirculation System for
Light Duty Diesel Engines. Final rept,
Ricardo and Co. Engineers (1927) Ltd., Shoreham-by-
Sea (England).
D. A. Pike. Aug 78, 221 p EPA/460/3-78/007
Contract EPA-68-03-2465
It has been shown that by the application of a propor-
engine the NOx emission in the exhaust can be sub-
stantially reduced. This report describes a system of
exhaust gas recirculation, modulated to reduce the
NOx emission of a Mercedes 300D light duty diesel ve-
hicle, to within defined limits of other parameters, such
as HC and CO emissions, and performance loss, etc.
To offset losses in performance due to the application
of EGR, a turbo charger was fitted to the vehicle to
provide excess air. No extra fuel was supplied.
562 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Exhaust systems, 'Diesel engines, 'Nitro-
gen oxides, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Performance evalu-
ation, Sampling, Tests, Circulation, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Recirculation, Procedures, Turbochargers, Mer-
cedes Benz 300D automobiles.
PB-288 966/5 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Screening Study on Feasibility of Standards of
Performance for Two Wood Pulping Processes.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C. M. Thompson, W. C. Micheletti, and J. C. Terry. Nov
78,187p EPA/450/3-78/111
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
This report is a screening study for the sulfite and neu-
tral sulfite semichemical (NSSC) wood pulping proc-
esses. The purpose of the screening study is to devel-
op background information on both pulping processes
and to advise on the feasibility and need for standards
of performance for either or both of them. This report
provides a general industry description and discusses
in detail the operation of both wood pulping processes.
Potential emission sources are identified, as well as
available methods if emission control. In addition, ex-
isting applicable regulations are summarized, national
emissions are estimated, and specific analytical meth-
ods are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Pulping,
'Standards, Paper mills, Feasibility, Performance eval-
uation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Regu-
lations, Design criteria, Sulfate pulping, Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Sampling.
PB-288 979/8 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Nutrient Chemistry of a Large Deep Lake In Su-
barctic Alaska. Final extramural rept,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst. of Water Resources.
J. D. LaPerriere, T. Tilsworth, and L. A. Casper. Sep 78,
141p EPA/600/3-78/088
Grant EPA-R-800276
The primary objective of this project was to assess the
state of the water quality of Harding Lake, and to at-
tempt to predict the effects of future development
within its watershed. Since the major effect of degra-
dation of water quality due to human activity is the pro-
motion of nuisance growths of plants, the major em-
phasis was placed on measurements of plant growth
and concentrations of the major nutrients they require.
Planktonic algal growth was found to be low, below
95.6 gm/sq m/year, and the growth of submerged
rooted plants was found to be relatively less important
at approximately 1.35 gm/sq m/year. A model for pre-
dicting the effect of future real estate development in
the watershed was modified and applied to this lake.
This model adequately describes current water quality
conditions. A secondary objective was to study the
thermal regime of a deep subarctic lake. Hydrologic
and energy budgets of this lake are given. Limited work
on the zooplankton, fishes and benthic macroinverte-
brates of this lake is also presented.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Limnology, 'Water pollution,
'Harding Lake, 'Arctic regions, Assessments, Plant
growth, Invertebrates, Hydrology, Primary biological
productivity, Plankton, Concentration(Composition),
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Bacteria, Thermocline, pH, Alaska, 'Water
quality data.
PB-288 980/6 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natJ,OH.
A Manual for the Identification of the Larvae of
the Caddlefly Genera 'Hydropsyche' Plctet and
'Symphltopeyche' Ulmer In Eastern and Central
North America (Trlchoptera: Hydropsychldae).
Final rept,
Kansas State Biological Survey, Lawrence.
Guenter A. Schuster, and David A. Etnier. Oct 78,144p
EPA/600/4-78/060
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville. Dept. of Zoology.
Larvae of the caddisfly genera Hydropsyche and Sym-
phltopsyche are among the most encountered and
abundant organisms of lotic environments in eastern
North America. Yet, little is known of the larval stages
of these genera. Previously, the larvae of only 12 spe-
cies of which descriptions are presented here, were
known. Descriptions of larvae of an additional 27 spe-
cies are here presented for the first time. Presented
here are the descriptions of the larvae of 14 of 15
nominal eastern species of the genus Symphitop-
syche, and 25 of 34 of the genus Hydropsyche; 18 of
24 of the scalaris group, 6 of 9 of the depravata group,
and the single species of the cuanis group, H. cuanis.
A key is provided for known larvae, incorporating a
number or characters previously unused in the taxon-
omy of these two genera. The key is based on ultimate
or penultimate larval instars since color patterns may
be more variable in earlier instars. A listing of all unas-
sociated species, with known distribution and literature
citations, is given.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Taxonomy, 'Fresh water biol-
ogy, Diptera, Manuals, Identifying, Larvae,
Distribution(Property), Describing, Reviews, North
America, Indicator species, 'Tricnoptera, Caddlsflies,
'Biolndicators, Habitats.
PB-288 989/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Comparison of Ambient NMHC/NOx Ratios with
NMHC/NOx Ratios Calculated from Emission In-
ventories. Final rept,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
Peter J. Drivas. Jun 78,60p EPA/450/3-78/026
Contract EPA-68-02-2583
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-278 142.
The Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) re-
quires the determination of the ratio of nonmethane
hydrocarbons (NMHC) to oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Three geographic locations were used in analyzing the
differences between NMHC/NOx ratios calculated
from emission inventory data and those from ambient
monitoring data. The three locations were: Los Ange-
les, California; San Francisco, California; and St. Louis,
Missouri. The relationship between ambient monitor-
ing NMHC/NOx ratios and emission inventory NMHC/
NOx ratios was tested by applying a linear regression
analysis to air quality and emission data from a number
of monitoring stations in each region. The relationship
was tested for each of five high-oxidant days in each of
the three locations. The basic result found in all three
locations was that there was little correlation between
NMHC/NOx ratios calculated from ambient monitoring
data and the corresponding NMHC/NOx ratios calcu-
lated from emission inventory data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Nitrogen oxides, "Hydrocar-
bon, Monitoring, California, Missouri, Oxidizers, Inven-
tories, Ratios, Data analysis, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Regression analysis, Los Angeles(California), San
Francisco(California), Saint Louis(Missouri), Numerical
solutions, 'Air quality.
PB-288 998/8 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl, OH.
Environmental Requirements and Pollution Toler-
ance of Ephemeroptera. Final rept,
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ., Tallahas-
see. Lab. of Aquatic Entomology.
Michael D. Hubbard, and William L. Peters. Oct 78,
469p* EPA/600/4-78/061
Grant EPA-R-803426-01
Data on the environmental requirements and pollution
tolerance of 400 species of mayflies
(InsectaiEphemeroptera) from the United States and
Canada were compiled from 200 sources. The follow-
ing ecological parameters were considered: pH, nutri-
ents, organic pollution, oxygen concentration, tem-
perature, turbidity, current, general and specific habi-
tats, season of emergence, feeding behavior, and geo-
graphical distribution. It is suggested that this compila-
tion be used as a guide to assist In evaluating data on
macroinvertebrates collected in ambient water moni-
toring and studies of the effects of pollution on aquatic
life.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Aquatic biology, Water
pollution, United States, Canada, Ecology.
Tables(Data). pH, Nutrients, Water quality, Turbidity.
Temperature, Feeding habits, Distribution, Benthos.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tolerances(Physiology), Environments, Requirements,
Mayflies, 'Bioindicators, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Ephemeroptera, Habitats.
PB-289 117/4 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection
•nd Maintenance Programs In Wisconsin. Final
rept. on Phase 3,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div. .
Theodore P. Midurski, Lee A. Coda, Robert O. Phillips,
Nancy Roy, and Frederick Sellers. Nov 78,228p GCA-
TR-78-53-G, EPA/905/2-78/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also Final rept. on Phase 2 dated Sep 78, PB-287
070.
Recent data for the State of Wisconsin indicates that
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO and
Ox will not be attained in all areas of the state by 1982,
°ven if all reasonably available control technologies
are applied. In view of this, it is likely that the state will
request from EPA an extension of the compliance date
beyond 1982. In order for this request to be consid-
ered, the state must, among other things, have adopt-
ed a firm schedule for implementing a motor vehicle in-
spection and maintenance (I/M) program in the highly
urbanized nonattainment areas. In this connection, the
state of Wisconsin is currently planning for the imple-
mentation of an I/M program. As part of this effort, de-
ified analyses have been performed of the costs,
benefits, personnel requirements, direct and indirect
impacts, and scheduling requirements associated with
j™ particular program option being considered. This
wcument reports these analyses.
'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions,
~™.ra,n, Air pollution, Air pollution abatement,
Carbon monoxide, Inspection, Maintenance, State
government, Regulations, Cost analysis, Oxidizers,
vehicle inspection, 'Vehicle maintenance, National
Ambient Air Quality Standards, Motor vehicle inspec-
PB-2J9 122/4 PC A15/MF A01
emission Inventory/Factor Workshop. Volume I.
gnal proceedings rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W78,338p* EPA/450/3-78/042A
i»6e also Volume 2, PB-289123.
Contents: Organic Emission Inventory; Analysis of
AnT i Hydrocarbon Sources in Non-Attainment
jweas in Louisiana; Documentation of Emission Inven-
™nes in Region IX; Methodologies and Problems En-
gHjntered in a Level 3 Multi-State/County Hydrocar-
2*" Area Source Emissions Inventory; Air Force Emis-
2»n inventories; A Format for the Storage of Area
?°urce Emission Data; Maryland Special Factors and
'nven'™>; Techiques; Panel Discussion of Inventory
i Procedures and Applications to Oxldant
' i Emissions from Households in
tft o •*« — •*•»*"», vauvii uuiioiiia i^iuiu uoniu miuroiuita
Replace Asphalt Cubacks in Certain Paving Oper-
r?°n8; Commercial Bakeries as a Major Source of Re-
g-we volatile Organic Gases; Reactive Organic Gas
emissions from Pesticide Use in California.
fewords: 'inventories, 'Meetings, 'Hydrocarbons,
Organic compounds, Data analysis,
ixidizers, Asphalt, Pavements, Pesti-
gB-,!1..-™»«inia, New York, New Jersey, Energy con-
jj^ation, 'Emission factors, "Air quality, EPA Region
'23/2 PC A18/MF A01
Inventory/Factor Workshop. Volume II.
-""-- rept.
Agency, Research Triangle
,,^™__-, _, -^-TKjards.
This
Volume 1, PB-289 122.
and .nE011 in t*0 volumes presents the written form
atthTtW^d discussions of 'presentations' made
'-\ahuiy*aton Inventory and Factor Workshop in Ra-
"•'i» nt,U ContamU-,.-I o 4 e 10^-7 A tA»al n« *..»».*«*
• . -
flve W-C.' September 13-15,1977. A total of twenty-
sncaiT^"* on emission Inventory and factor experi-
~"B and other information with emphasis on organ-
ics (hydrocarbons) were presented. Authors repre-
sented EPA, state air pollution control agencies and
private industry.
Keywords: 'Inventories, 'Meetings, 'Hydrocarbons,
'Air pollution, Organic compounds, Coatings, Architec-
ture, Nitrogen oxides, Portland cement, Roofing, Pe-
troleum products, Storage, Gasoline, Industrial
wastes, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, 'Emission
factors, 'Air quality, Stationary sources, Land use, Pro-
cedures.
PB-289 126/5 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Correlations Between
Industrial Activity and Community Disease. Final
rept. Oct 76-Mar 78,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Willard W. Perry, Robert Goldsmith, Margaret E.
Mattson, Mary A. Urbanek, and Carl B. Bailey. Aug 78,
466p* EPA/560/6-78/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4304
The report documents the results of four case studies
of correlations between industrial activity and commu-
nity disease: (1) copper smelting and respiratory/di-
gestive diseases; (2) steel manufacturing and diges-
tive neoplasms; (3) bituminous coal mining and cardio-
vascular/respiratory diseases; (4) viscose rayon and
cardiovascular diseases. The four correlations were
found by statistical analyses correlating county-by-
county mortality data with industrial data. The case
studies consisted of field investigations at specific in-
dustrial sites to explore the plausibility of causal rela-
tionships between the selected industries and the as-
sociated diseases. Overall purpose of the work is to
assist in the development of objective and systematic
methodology for identifying industrial origins of com-
munity disease. Results of the case studies provide a
basis for assessing the feasibility of finding causal in-
dustry-disease associations by correlating county-by-
county industry and mortality data.
Keywords: 'Industries, 'Diseases, 'Mortality, 'Morbid-
ity, Public health, Statistical analysis, Correlations,
Communities, Epidemiology, Recommendations,
Methodology, Toxicology, Tables(Data), Counties, Re-
lationships, Water quality, Cardiovascular diseases,
Respiratory diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Coal
mining, Bituminous coal, Iron and steel industry, Steel
making, Rayon, Data, Etiology, Chronic diseases, 'En-
vironmental health, Copper industry. Environmental ef-
fects, Air quality, 'Toxic substances.
PB-289 127/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Market Input/Output Studies: Tack V. Benzene
Consumption as a Solvent Final technical rept.,
Auerbach Associates, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
M. Lynne Neufeld, Marcus Sittenfield, Henry Rowland,
and Susan Hunsicker. Oct 78,116p* AAI-2378/2379-
105-FR-5, EPA/560/6-77/034
Contract EPA-68-01-1996
See also report on Task 1, PB-273 205. Prepared In
cooperation with Sittenfield (Marcus) and Associates,
Philadelphia, PA.
This study was conducted to determine the current
status of the industrial and consumer consumption of
benzene as a solvent, and to identify where possible
any impact on its use as a solvent due to the OSHA
Emergency Benzene Standard (42 FR 27452, May 27,
1977). The report presents an overview of the techni-
cal and commercial history of benzene and a discus-
sion of Its marketing and distribution patterns into the
small miscellaneous use market. Consumption proc-
esses and patterns of benzene use, both before and
after the OSHA regulations, are examined in detail.
Consideration is given to the use of benzene In formu-
lated products, such as adheslves and paint removers,
and to benzene consumption as a solvent and adjunct
to manufacturing in processes such as esterlflcation
and azeotropic dehydration. Possible alternatives to
the use of benzene are explored. Losses of benzene
to the environment are analyzed and an estimate of
their geographic distribution is given.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Benzene, 'Market
surveys, 'Solvents, Standards, Adhesives, Paint re-
movers, Substitutes, Inventories,
Demand(Economics), Pharmacology, Management
planning, Alcohols, Elastomers, Rubber industry, Ethyl
cellulose, Formulations.
PB-289 128/1 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Asphalt and Coal Tar Pitch. Final
technical rept,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
Ruth P. Trosset, David Warshawsky, Constance Lee
Menefee, and Eula Bingham. Sep 78,241p* EPA/
560/2-77/005
Contract EPA-68-01-4188
This report reviews the literature on the potential envi-
ronmental hazards and health impacts from produc-
tion, distribution, and use of asphalt, the essentially un-
cracked residue from crude oil, and coal tar pitch, the
highly cracked residue from fractional distillation of
coal tar derived from the coking of coal. Topics include
physical and chemical properties; production figures;
uses; process descriptions; contamination potential;
methods of sampling, monitoring, and analysis; acute
and chronic effects on human health; toxicity to ani-
mals and plants; suggested handling practices; regula-
tions and standards. Of the 31 million tons of asphalt
sold annually In the US, most is used in exposed sur-
faces: paving (78%), roofing (17%), dam linings and
soil stabilizers, etc., (<5%). In contrast, 62% of the
1.2 million tons of pitch produced annually in the US is
used in baked carbon and graphite products, 17% as
fuel, and only 7% in exposed surfaces. Asphalt and
pitch and their emissions and degradation products
may contain varying quantities of trace metals and po-
lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which
may have toxic effects including photoxicity and
cancer of skin and lungs. Potential environmental con-
tamination and health hazards of asphalt and pitch are
considered, with recommendations for further re-
search.
Keywords: 'Asphalts, 'Coal tar, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Reviews, Environmental impacts, Coking,
Crude oil, Public health, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Marketing, Utilization, Design criteria, Tox-
icity, Sampling, Industrial hygiene, Regulations, Trace
elements, Metals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Sources.
PB-289 130/7 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Don Pedro Reservoir, Tuolumne County, Califor-
nia. Final rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,54p WORKING PAPER-744
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrigen is
also provided. AH data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are Included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Don Pedro Reservoir,
Water quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Pollution abatement, Nutrients, Bloassay, Wa-
tersheds, Water quality management, California,
'Water quality data, Eutrophication, Tuolumne
County(California).
PB-289 131/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Boca Reservoir, Nevada County, California. Final
rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,36p WORKING PAPER-740
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
Ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
December 1983 563
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlonal Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: * Water pollution, *Boca Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Nevada County(California).
PB-289 135/6 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition, Ap-
pendix IX. Wetland* Alteration. Final rept. 1973-78.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Got 78,240p EPA/903/9-78/028
Contract EPA-68-01-3994
See also Appendix 3 dated Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to wetland alterations in
the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The data files
included in this report are compiled from the Environ-
mental Data Base Directory and reflects data applica-
ble to wetland alterations from 1973 to the present.
Trie report also identifies the major past, present, or
planned monitoring efforts. The data will aid in the
design of future research and monitoring efforts for the
Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water pollution, 'Di-
rectories, Indexes(Documentation), Research proj-
ects, Abstracts, Water quality, Aquatic biology, Moni-
toring, Metals, Environmental impacts, Radioactive
materials, Toxic substances, Water pollution
eflects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Eu-
trophication, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB-289 142/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lopez Reservoir, San Luis Oblspo County, Califor-
nia. Final rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,39p WORKING PAPER-750
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: IWater polluMonJt&opez Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates,: Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, 'Water quality
data, Eutrophication, San Luis Obispo
County(Califomia).
PB-289 173/7 PC A02/MF A01
Differential Foliar Sensitivity of Soybean Cultlvars
to Ozone Associated with Differential Enzyme Ac-
tivities. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T, Tingey, Roger C. Fites, and Carlos Wickliff. 17
Oct 75,6p EPA/600/J-76/085
Pub. In Physiol. Plant., v37 p69-72,1976. Prepared in
cooperation with North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
Dept. of Botany.
Soybean (Glyclne max (L.) Merr.) cultlvars Dare and
Hood were exposed to Ozone (980 micrograms/cu m)
for 2 h to determine if differences in cultivar sensitivity
were associated with differential activation of selected
enzymes. The first trifoliate leaves of the cultlvars were
In similar stages of development (14 days from sowing)
when exposed. The ozone treatment increased the ac-
tivities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phen-
ylalanlne amonia lyase, polyphenol oxldase and perox-
nase above the control in both cultivars within 30
hours after exposure. However, the activity of all these
enzymes increased several hours sooner in Dare (sen-
sitive) than in Hood (tolerant). The data suggest that
the differential sensitivity of these two cultlvars to
ozone could be based on the differential ozone in-
duced activation of the enzymes Involved In the lesion
formation process.
564 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Soybean plants, 'Toxicology,
Sensitivity, Exposure, Leguminous plants, Oilseed
crops, Enzymes, Leaves(Botany), Toxic tolerances,
Experimental data, Wounds and injuries, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, Glycine max, Dehydrogenase/glu-
cose-6-phosphate, Phenylalanine, Oxygenase/mono-
phenol-mono, Ammonia lyase/phenylalanine.
PB-289 174/5 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Chlorine on Stress Ethylene Production.
Journaj article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingey, Nelson Pettit, and Lucia Bard. 10 Jul
77, 8p EPA/600/J-78/060
Pub. in Environ, and Exp. Botany, v18 p61-66, 1978.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Several plant species were exposed to chlorine to de-
termine whether stress ethylene was induced. Increas-
ing the chlorine concentration or duration of exposure
increased stress ethylene production until a maximum
level was reached; either a higher concentration or
longer duration decreased ethylene production below
the maximum. The production stress of ethylene per-
sisted less than 24 hr following exposure. Stress ethyl-
ene increased prior to visual injury. However low con-
centrations of chlorine that did not cause visual injury
elicited stress ethylene formation, suggesting that
stress ethylene production is a more sensitive meas-
ure of chlorine stress than foliar injury.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Plants(Botany), 'Chlorine,
Air pollution, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Ethylene,
Plant tissues, Injuries, Sensitivity,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), 'Toxic substances.
PB-289 175/2 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Hemorrhaglc Stress on Several Blood
Parameters In Adult Rainbow Trout ('Salmo galrd-
nerl'). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Michael A. Cairns, and Alan R. Christian. 1978,9p
EPA/600/J-78/063
Pub. in Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., v107(2) p334-340,1978.
Blood was removed from ten adult rainbow trout
(Salmo gairdneri) on a sequential (7 days) weekly (4
weeks) and monthly (1 month) schedule and analyzed
for hematocrit, plasma protein, acid phosphatase (AP),
lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokin-
ase (CPK). Of the parameters examined, hematocrit,
lactic dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase
were found to be the most significant indicators of
stress due to repeated sampling. The authors showed
that, under conditions similar to those of this investiga-
tion, daily and weekly sampling of approximately 0.2%
of the body weight In the blood produced decidedly
deleterious effects of the test organisms. Starvation
was a secondary stressor and is believed to have had
an Influence on blood characteristics as the study en-
tered its later phases.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Trout, 'Stress(Physiology), *He-
morrhagic shock, Fresh water fishes, Acid phospha-
tase, Blood, Sampling, Hematocrit, Blood analysis,
Blood plasma, Proteins, Lactate dehydrogenase. Star-
vation, Blood chemistry, Rainbow trout, 'Salmo gaird-
nerii, Kinase(Phosphorylating)/creatine.
PB-289 176/0 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ozone on Root Processes. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingey. 1978,9p EPA/800/ J-78/064
Pub. in California Air Environment, v7 n1 p5,1978.
Ozone alters root growth and root processes by first
reducing photosynthesis and altering foliar metabolic
pathways. The alteration in foliar metabolism is reflect-
ed in towered carbohydrate levels in the roots. This
can reduce key metabolic processes such as mineral
uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. These changes
in root metabolism will ultimately be expressed in re-
duced plant growth and yield.
i: 'Toxicology, 'Ozone, 'Plants(Botany), Air
i, Plant growth, Metabolism, Photosynthesis,
fixation, Carbohydrates, Reprints, Roots, *Alr
effects(Plants), 'Toxic substances.
PB-289 177/8 PC A02/MF A01
Design and Preliminary Results from Soil/Litter
Microcosms. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, and H. Bond. 18 Apr 76,10p EPA/600/J-
76/084
Pub. in Intern. Jnl. Environmental Studies, v10 p51-58,
1976.
Soil/litter microcosms with 'life support' systems were
designed to maintain and monitor oxygen consump-
tion,.and community carbon dioxide and heat genera-
tion over extended time intervals. Mean coefficient of
variation for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
generation rates replicate processed systems was 6.5
percent. An initial adjustment period of rapid respira-
tory rates and bacterial growth was observed for 10-14
days after microcosm preparation and incubation at
20C. Soil and litter moisture had marked and expected
effects on community respiration. Conditions of hign
moisture favored bacteria; fungi were more prevalent
under low moisture conditions. Cadmium treatment ot
microcosms effected initial stimulation of respiration at
0.01 ppm CdC12 and a delayed reduction (40 percent)
of respiration at 10 ppm CdC12. The combination of
selenium plus cadmium caused more than an added
inhibition of respiration. Numbers of bacteria and fungi
showed no detectable cadmium treatment effects.
Keywords: 'Selenium, 'Cadmium inorganic com-
pounds, 'Bacteria, 'Fungi, Respiration, Cadmium inor-
ganic compounds, Chlorides, Soil water, Selenium,
Growth, Oxygen consumption, Carbon dioxide. De-
composition reactions, Experimental data, Design
plant metabolism, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 178/6 PC A02/MF A01
Day of the Week Variations of Photochemical Pol-
lutants In the St. Louis Area. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thomas R. Karl. 28 Sep 77,13p EPA/600/J-78/058
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12 p1657-1667,
1978.
As part of the Environmental Protection Agency's Re-
gional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) a network of 25 sta-
tions continuously recorded aerometric data in the
Greater St. Louis area. Various photochemical pollut-
ants (ozone, NO, NO sub 2 and total hydrocarbons)
and some selected meteorological variables (wind
speed, temperature, and solar radiation) were ana-
lyzed with respect to the day of the week using 1'
months of data collected during the warm months of
the year-periods during which nigh ozone concentra-
tions were common in St. Louis. The results reveal that
the sign (+ or -) of the workday to Sunday differences
in the concentration of ozone depends to a large
extent on the distance of the measurement from tne
major emission area of the metropolitan area of St.
Louis. The data suggest that this is due to the impact
of nitric oxide on the ambient ozone concentrations.
This appears to offer at least a partial explanation for
some of the contrasting results reported by various in-
vestigators regarding the differences in ozone concen-
trations between weekends and weekdays.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Day, Ozone, Hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide,
Wind velocity, Atmospheric temperature, Solar radi-
ation, Meteorological data,
Concentration(Corrtposition), Urban areas, Metropoli-
tan areas, Missouri, 'Photochemical oxidants, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Regional Air Pollution Study, Reprints.
PB-289 179/4 PC A02/MF A01
A Study of the Potential Ways In Which Ozone
could Reduce Root Growth and Modulation of
Soybean. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Udo Blum, and David T. Tingey. 21 Jun 76,4p EPA/
600/J-77/138
Also pub. as North Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station, Raleigh, Journal Series-Paper-4770. Pub. In
Atmospheric Environment, v11 p737-739,1977.
The possible mechanisms by which the ozone reduces
root growth and nodulation of soybean were investi-
gated. Ozone did not appreciably penetrate the plant
growth substrates nor did It oxidize soil organic matter
to form compounds inhibitory to Rhizobium. When
ozone was excluded from the plant foliage, but not the
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jpll, root growth end nodulation were not reduced.
npwever, when plant tops were directly exposed to the
ozone, root growth and nodulation were reduced.
Jhese results Indicated that observed reductions In
[cots growth and nodulation did not occur by way of
Jye soil, but resulted from an effect of ozone on the
Plant foliage.
s: 'Toxicology, 'Soybean plants, 'Ozone, Air
on, Plant growth, Exposure, Plant tissues, Soils,
nlnous plants, Oilseed crops, Nodules, Physlo-
_ il effects, Reprints, *Alr pollution effects(Plants),
roxlc substances.
.- ... ,.w< PC A02/MF A01
survival of Steelhead Trout (Salmo galrdnerlj
SMs, Embryo*, and Fry In Air-Supersaturated
w«er. Journal article,
Vprvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
2*f» V. Nebeker, James D. Andros, Joel K. McCrady,
g™ Donald G. Stevens. 19 Aug 77,7p EPA/600/J-78/
Pub. In Jnl. Fish. Res. Board Canada, v35 n2 p261-
<04,1978. Summary In French.
fog, embryo, fry, and swim-up stages of steelhead
•Jut (Salmo gairdnerl) were exposed to water at total
*w'saturation levels ranging from 130 to 115%. Eggs,
smbryos, and newly hatched fry were not affected at
if6.r%, but at about day 16 posthatch when the fish
Rftan swimming up deaths occurred rapidly, and at
13P EPA/600/J-78/057
197» Atmo8Pnerio Environment, v12 p1421-1431,
el'Murements from the Regional Air Pollution Study In
«. Lout, and from synoptic rawlnsonde stations In
•rica were used with annual point and area
n -J emission data In St. Louis to establish some
^"••o.Mnces of local and large-scale ozone trans-
gort In rural areas outside of St. Louis, ozone concen-
Hjwris exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality
r*n.dard Of 80 ppb (160 mlcrograma/cu m) and could
|?| be attributed to the emission* of pollutants within
!"• metropolitan area of St. Louis. Typically, these high
Irrt?"?, concentrations occurred when the air flowing
durin .toul8 had *"•" sssoclated with an anticyclone
aur""l the 3 days prior to Its arrival. Trajectories Indl-
"lat during these 3-day periods the air had re-
wKhln the eastern half of the United States
are numerous high-Intensity urban-Indus-
ther days during the study analyses
«r& ..Wai a,, nuw confirmed that the urban-industrial
£*•» wrthin the Immediate vicinity of St. Louis were re-
•mneibie for high ozone concentration in the city as
JS ««In the rural areas. An analysis of the formation
J™ movement of an 'ozone cloud' through the net-
r""< of stations revealed the consequences of local
"'One generation and transport
re are numerous
oiu. ,nter>- On otner d*y*
«Jhe local air flow confirm
s: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Urban areas, Rural
r! 'AMI ral urban ^"Q9' Metropolitan areas, Mlssou-
'•Jt. cyclones, Concentratlon(Composrtlon), Trans-
>, Atmospheric diffusion, Distance, Saint
0, Regional Air Pollution Study, Reprints.
PB-288 182/8 PC A03/MF A01
Emission Rates for Blojenle NOX. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Hitman C. Ratsch, and David T. Tlngey. 1977,30p
EPA/600/J-77/139
Pub. In Environmental Protection Agency Emission In-
ventory/Factor Workshop, Held at Raleigh, North
Carolina, 13-15 Sep 77, v1 p24/1-24/27,1977.
A literature review of blogenlc sources of NOx was
conducted to determine their emission rates Into the
atmosphere. NOx are some of the products of micro-
blal denltrlflcatlon, chemical decomposition of nitrites
and the oxidation of organic nitrogen compounds.
There appears to be no significant emission of NOx
from either oceans or freshwaters. Blogenlc emission
rates for NO and NO2 from soil range from 0.015 to
0.02 kg NO sq km/hr and 0.01 to 0.2 kg NO2 sq km/hr.
Submerged soils, sediments, marshes and swamps
could be sources of NOx but emission data are not
available. There Is no significant evidence of NOx
emission from living vegetation. During decay, decom-
position and ensiling of vegetation, NOx can be
formed. The estimates of NOx emission rates from the
above blogenic (soil) sources were computed for a
global basis and then compared closely to previously
estimated natural global emissions.
Keywords: 'Atmosphere, 'Nitrogen oxides, *Alr pollu-
tion, Reviews, Oxidization, Decomposition reactions,
Vegetation, Nitrification, Reprints, Denltriflcatlon.
PB-289 183/6 PC A02/MF A01
Amphlbole Fiber Concentration Determination for
a Series of Community Air Samples: Use of X-Ray
Diffraction to Supplement Electron Microscope
Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. M. Cook, P. L. Smith, and D. G. Wilson. 1976,15p
EPA/600/J-78/059
Pub. in Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Applications to
Environmental and Occupational Health Analysis,
ch11p107-119,1978.
The accurate measurement of annual average mineral
fiber concentrations at various air sampling sites pro-
vides the best index of non-occupational Inhalation ex-
posure to fibers in a community located near an indus-
trial source of airborne amphibole fibers. The transmis-
sion electron microscope analysis of enough individual
high volume air samples to provide annual average
fiber concentrations is not feasible because of the
great time and expense required. X-ray diffraction
analysis of air samples collected on membrane filters
over periods of several days offers a reliable measure-
ment of amphibole mineral mass concentration. An ex-
cellent linear correlation (r - 0.94 for N - 12) exists
between the amphibole mass concentrations (x-ray
diffraction) and amphibole fiber concentrations (trans-
mission electron microscope). The correlation equa-
tion Is used to calculate amphibole fiber concentra-
tions from over 300 x-ray diffraction analyses. The ac-
curacy and precision of both techniques are discussed
as well as particle concentration variations Influenced
by meteorology, emission sources, and sampling loca-
tion.
Keywords: 'Amphlboles, 'Qas analysis, 'Asbestos,
Air pollution, Concentratlon(ComposltlorO, Chemical
analysis, X ray analysis, X ray diffraction, Electron mi-
croscopy, Samples, * Air pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-289 184/4 PC A02/MF A01
Uptake of Cadmium from Phosphate Fertilizers by
Peas, Radishes, and Lettuce. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. O. Ruess, H. L. Dooley, and William Qrlffls. Mar 78,
9pEPA/600/J-78/061
Pub. In Jnl. of Environ. Quality, v7 n1 p128-133 Jan/
Mar 78.
Cadlum uptake from phosphate fertilizers by radish
(Raphanus saliva) lettuce (Latuca saliva) and garden
peas (Plsum satlum) was Investigated In the green-
house. Fertilizer In all treatments was applied at the
rate of 100 P/g soil to pots containing 4kg soli. When
reagent grade mono-calcium phosphate was used as a
P source on a coarse-textured acid soil, Cd contents of
edible radish roots and tops were 0.4 g/g dry weight;
while the Cd content of lettuce, and pea seeds and
pea foliage was 0.2 g/g. The use of concentrated su-
perphosphate (CSP) containing 174 g Cd/g resulted In
plant Cd levels of 2.4, 3.4, 6.3, 0.9, and 0.5 g/g for
radish roots, radish tops, lettuce, pea seeds and pea
foliage, respectively. CSP when mixed with the soil, but
placement of DAP almost completely eliminated Cd
uptake from the fertilizer.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Vegetable plants, 'Fertilizing,
'Inorganic phosphates, Plant physiology, Plant tis-
sues, Lettuce, Peas, Ammonium compounds, Phos-
phorus Inorganic compounds, Soil properties, Accu-
mulation, Tables(Data), Reprints, Rephanus sativa,
Latuca sativa, Plsum satlrum, 'Bloaccumulatlon.
PB-289 185/1 PC A02/MF A01
Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC.
Aquatic Sediments. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. F. Powers, W. D. Sanville, F. S. Stay, and G. S.
Schuytema. Jun 77,12p EPA/600/J-77/137
Pub. In Jnl. WPCF, p1307-1316, Jun 77. Sponsored In
part by Water Pollution Control Federation, Washing-
ton, DC.
One hundred seventeen literature references In the
area of freshwater sediments were abstracted and
synthesized to produce a review of sediment-related
research for the period November, 1975 through Octo-
ber, 1976. Research areas covered Included sedi-
ment-water Interchange, sampling and analytical
methods, chemical and physical characterization, bio-
logical considerations and modeling. The number of ci-
tations was about double those reviewed for the previ-
ous year.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Nutrients, Sampling, Re-
search, Models, Reviews, Fresh water, Water, Rela-
tionships, Interchanges, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Reprints, Analytical methods.
PB-289 214/9 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Priorities for New Source Performance Standards
Under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
M. R. Monarch, R. R. Cirlllo, B. H. Cho, G. A. Concalldl,
and A. E. Smith. Apr 78,253p EPA/450/3-78/019
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 requires that
the USEPA considr specific criteria in determining pri-
orities for setting NSPS for major source categories:
quantity of air pollutant emissions, extent to which air
pollutant emissions endanger public health and wel-
fare and the mobility and competitive nature of each
source category. This report describes a methodology
that has been developed for prioritizing source catego-
ries using the Clean Air Act criteria. The methodology,
which employs three distinct computer programs, was
applied to a data set of over 150 major source catego-
ries for nine different air pollutant emissions (panicu-
late matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocar-
bons, carbon monoxide, lead, sulfuric acid mist, hydro-
gen sulflde, and fluorides). The methodology provides
for giving different weight to each of the Clean Air Act
criteria and the establishment of distinct future year
goals of achievement for each pollutant. The program
output Is a prioritized list of source categories for
NSPS promulgation over a ten year period based on a
multipollutant source category emission analysis. Be-
cause the programs are computerized, the prioritized
source category listing can be regenerated without
great difficulty to reflect additional source categories
or revised source category data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Standards, Methodology,
Ranking, Sources, Public health, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, LeadlMetal), Sulfuric acid, Hydrogen sulflde,
Fluorides, Forecasting, Tables(Data), National govern-
ment, 'New source performance standards, 'Clean Air
Amendments of 1977, *Alr quality, Priorities, Air pollu-
tion standards.
PB-289 221/4 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California. Final rept.
Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophlcation Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,61p WORKING PAPER-757
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
December 1983 565
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition ana limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Shasta Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, Shasta County(California).
PB-289 229/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition, Ap-
pendix VII. Modification of Fisheries. Final rept.
1973.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Sap 78,289p EPA/903/9-78/027
Contract EPA-68-01-3994
See also report for Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to modification of fisheries
in the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The data
files included in this report are compiled from the Envi-
ronmental Data Base Directory and reflects data appli-
cable to modification of fisheries from 1973 to the
present. The report also identifies the major past,
present, or planned monitoring efforts.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Fisheries, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, 'Directories, Surveys, Metals, Parasites,
Thermal pollution, Oysters, Benthos, Pesticides, Mor-
tality, Toxicity, Crustacea, Animal ecology. Shellfish,
Baseline data, Fishkills.
PB-289 233/9 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition, Ap-
pendix XI. Shoreline Erosion. Final rept. 1973.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Oct 78,346p EPA/903/9-78/030
Contract EPA-68-01-3994
See also report for Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to shoreline erosion in the
Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The data files in-
cluded in this report are compiled from the Environ-
mental Data Base Directory and reflects data applica-
ble to shoreline erosion from 1973 to the present. The
report also Identifies the major past, present, or
planned monitoring efforts. The data will aid in the
design of future research and monitoring efforts for the
Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Directories, 'Beach
erosion, 'Chesapeake Bay, Shores, Inventories, Sur-
veys, Personnel, Baseline studies.
PB-289 234/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition, Ap-
pendix X. Effects of Boating and Shipping on
Water Quality. Final rept. 1973.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Oct 78,162p EPA/903/9-78/029
Contract EPA-68-01 -3994
See also report for Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to boating and shipping ef-
fects on the water quality in the Chesapeake Bay es-
tuarine system. The data files included in this report
are compiled from the Environmental Data Base Direc-
tory and reflects data applicable to boating and fishing
from 1973 to the present. The data will aid in the
design of future research and monitoring efforts for the
Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Research projects, 'Water
quality, 'Chesapeake Bay, Boats, Monitoring, Fishing,
Inventories, Cargo transportation, Personnel, Baseline
studies.
PB-289 237/0 PC A02/MF A01
Solvent Extraction of Organic Water Pollutants.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Ronald G. Webb. 1978,18p EPA/600/J-78/067
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v5 n3, p239-252,1978.
Based on experiments with model systems of known
organic water pollutants and environmental samples,
conclusions are reached concerning the best general
solvent for extraction and the most appropriate meth-
ods for related manipulations. Chloroform, methylene
chloride-ether mixtures, and methylene chloride are
the best solvents for general extraction purposes.
Methylene chloride is recommended. Most samples
should be extracted first at basic and then acidic pH.
The analyst has very little control over emulsion forma-
tion through choice of solvent or by pH adjustment, but
continuous liquid-liquid extractors overcome most
emulsion problems. For highest recovery of extracted
pollutants, extracts should not be treated with drying
agents before concentration. Final evaporation of ex-
tracts using a micrp-Snyder column is recommended
over evaporation with a steam of inert gas.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Solvent extraction, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, pH, 'Water pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-289 260/2 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania, Water
Year 1973. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-
data rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sap 73 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
1974,440p USGS/WRD/HD-78/307, USGS/WDR/
PA-73/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 259, and report for Water Year
1975, Volume 2, PB-261 437.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 107
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Pennsylvania.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Pennsyl-
vania, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins,
Streams, Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data),
Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Con-
ductivity, 'Water quality data.
PB-289 262/8 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania, Water
Year 1974. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-
data rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
1975,473p USGS/WRD/HD-78/309, USGS/WDR/
PA-74/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 261, and report for Water Year
1975, Volume 2, PB-261 437.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 100
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Pennsylvania.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Pennsyl-
vania, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins,
Streams, Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data),
Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Con-
ductivity, 'Water quality data.
PB-289 270/1 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Baseline Data Acquisition. Ap-
pendix IV. Eutrophication. Final rept.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
Aug 78, 368p EPA/903/9-78/024
Contract EPA-68-01-3994
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-286 947.
This report identifies researchers conducting current
research programs relating to eutrophication in the
Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The data files in-
cluded in this report are compiled from the Environ-
mental Data Base Directory and reflects data applica-
ble to eutrophication from 1973 to the present. The
report also identifies the major past, present, or
planned monitoring efforts. The data will aid in the
design of future research and monitoring efforts for the
Chesapeake Bay. (Portions of this document are not
fully legible)
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Directories, 'Water
pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Monitoring, Ocean tem-
perature, Salinity, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Conduc-
tivity, Plankton, Channel improvements, Environmental
impacts, Nutrients, Marine fishes, Surveys, Chloro-
phylls, Rivers, Ecology, Tables(Data), 'Eutrophication.
PB-289 276/8
PC A23/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, Water
Year 1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Annual Water-data rept. 1
Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
1975,545p USGS/WRD/HO-78/198, USGS/WDR/
MANHRIVT-74/1
See also report for Water Year 1975, PB-262 801.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Mas-
sachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Ver-
mont consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge
records for 225 gaging stations; stage and contents for
42 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 25 gaging
stations. Also included are 52 low-flow and 119 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies in Massachu-
setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Massa-
chusetts, 'New Hampshire, 'Rhode Island, 'Vermont,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells. Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 281/8 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Oklahoma, Water Year
1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. (Annual), 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Oklahoma City, OK. Water Re-
sources Div.
1972,280p USGS/WRD/HD-78/287, USGS/WDR/
OK-71/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 280.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Okla-
homa consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 72 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
?ram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
hese data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Oklahoma.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oklaho-
ma, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
566 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Water quality data.
PB-289 283/4 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Oklahoma, Water Year
1972. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual Water-
data rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Oklahoma City, OK. Water Re-
sources Div.
1973, 211 p USGS/WRD/HD-78/269, USQS/WDR/
OK-72/2
See also Part 1 , PB-289 282.
Water resources data for the 1 972 water year for Okla-
homa consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 52 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
fram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
hese data represent that part of the National Water
uata System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Oklahoma.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oklaho-
ma, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
f>ampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Huorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Water quality data.
PB-289 308/9 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Oregon, Water Year
1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Annual
Water-data rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
1972, 379p USGS/WRD/HD-78/294, USGS/WDR/
OR-71/1
See also Part 2, PB-289 309.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for
Oregon consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes,
and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records
for 277 gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging
stations; stage and contents for 38 lakes and reser-
voirs. Also included are 12 low-flow and 170 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In Oregon.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Oregon, Sampling, Res-
ervoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Drainage, River
basins, Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), 'Hydrologic data,
Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 312/1
PC A18/MF A01
285/9 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data lor Oklahoma, Water Year
2»'3. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual Water-
data rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Oklahoma City, OK. Water Re-
sources Div.
1974, 258p USGS/WRD/HD-78/291, USGS/WDR/
See also Part 1 , PB-289 284.
Water resources data for the 1 973 water year for Okla-
noma consist of records of discharge and water quality
y. streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
ihis report contains water quality for 55 gaging sta-
"ons. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
9[am, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
' nese data represent that part of the National Water
"8« System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
Okl h°°peratin9 local' Sfate' and Federal agencies in
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oklaho-
ma, water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams, „ .,„,..,,
Campling, Temperature. Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, PB-289 314/7
^organic phosphates. Inorganic nitrates. Chlorides,
fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
Water quality dr
Water Resources Data for Oregon, Water Year
1973. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Annual
Water-data rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
1974,425p USGS/WRD/HD-78/298, USGS/WDR/
OR-73/1
See also Part 2, PB-289 313.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for
Oregon consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes,
and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records
for 303 gaging stations; stage only records for 6 gaging
stations; stage and contents for 38 lakes and reser-
voirs. Also Included are 12 low-flow and 175 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and published as miscel-
laneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State,
and Federafagencies in Oregon.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Oregon, Sampling, Res-
ervoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Drainage, River
basins. Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), * Hydrologic data,
Water levels, Peak discharge.
ata.
£***• 287/5 PC A13/MF A01
I2Py J f««ources Data for Oklahoma, Water Year
d!, ' Part 2- Water Quality Records. Annual Water-
gate reot.1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
-.— Survey, Oklahoma City, OK. Water Re-
sources Div.
OK-74/85p USGS/WRD/HD-78/293' USGS/WDR/
See also Part 1, PB-289 286.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Okla-
"orna consist of records of discharge and water quality
Thi eams> and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
""8 report contains water quality for 63 gaging ata-
ru"S. Additional water data were collected at various
™'es, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
«wn, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
rv.886, data represent that part of the National Water
arw system operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
Okl £S°peratin9 local' State' and Federal agencies In
JJeywprds: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oklaho-
sT'Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sj^PlIng, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Fh,2?nic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
"Wate Sultate9' Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
PC A17/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Oregon, Water Year
1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Annual
Water-data rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
1975,393p USGS/WRD/HD-78/300, USGS/WDR/
OR-74/1
See also Part 2, PB-289 315.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for
Oregon consist of stage, discharge of streams, lakes,
and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records
for 283 gaging stations; stage only records for 8 gaging
stations; stage and contents for 36 lakes and reser-
voirs. Also included are 12 low-flow and 175 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In Oregon.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Oregon, Sampling, Res-
ervoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers, Drainage, River
basins, Sites, Lakes, Tables(Data), 'Hydrologic data,
Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 316/2 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Oregon, Water Year
1977. Annual Water-data rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 78,630p USGS/WRD/HD-78/023, USGS/WDR/
OR-77/1
See also report for Water Year 1976, PB-268 305.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for
Oregon consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality in wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 28 gaging stations; stage only
records for 10 gaging stations; and contents for 45
lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 79 gaging sta-
tions, and water levels for 97 observation wells. Also
included are 157 crest-stage partial-record stations.
Additional water data were collected at various sites,
not part of the systematic data collection programs,
and are published as miscellaneous measurements.
These represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
co-operating State and Federal agencies in Oregon.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oregon,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrolog-
ic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 318/8 PC A06/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Maine, Water Year
1972. Part 1. Surface Water Records, Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water Record*.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
1973,125pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/184, USGS/WDR/
ME-72/1
See also PB-289 317 and PB-289 319.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for
Maine consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 61 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 19 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
11 gaging stations, and water for quality 12 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 23 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Maine.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Maine,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 319/6 PC A06/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Maine, Water Year
1973. Annual rept 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Sun
1974,123pl~
ME-73/1
See also PB-289 318 and PB-289 320.
hwi IIVWMI wvv Kam iwi ntaiiivi natwi i vai
3. Annual rept, 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
iloglcal Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
4,123pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/185, USGS/WDR/
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for
Maine consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality o1 streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 60 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 1 lake; water quality for 13 gaging sta-
tions, and water levels for 12 observation wells. Also
included are 23 crest-stage partial-record stations. Ad-
ditional water data were collected at various sites, not
part of the systematic data collection program, and are
published as miscellaneous measurements and analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in Maine.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Maine,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
December 1983 567
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 320/4 PC A07/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Maine, Water Year
1974. Part 1. Surface Water Record*. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water Records.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Dlv.
1875,137p USGS/WRD/HD-78/186, USQS/WDR/
ME-74/1
See also report for Water Year 197S, PB-270 675 and
PB-289 319.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for
Maine consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 62 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
10 gaging stations, and water levels for 12 observation
wells. Also included are 22 crest-stage partial-record
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Maine.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Maine,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 326/1 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Carolina, Water
Year 1*71. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water
•Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Columbia, SC. Water Resources
Dlv.
1972,219p USGS/WRD/HD-78/310, USGS/WDR/
SC-71/1
See also report for Water Year 1972, PB-289 327.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for
South Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of wells and springs. This report con-
tains discharge records for 62 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 38 gaging stations, and water levels for 8 observa-
tion wells. Also Included are 11 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In South Carolina.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Carolina, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data. Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 327/9 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Carolina, Water
Year 1972. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Columbia, SC. Water Resources
Dlv.
1973,262p USGS/WRD/HD-78/312, USGS/WDR/
SC-72/1
See also PB-289 326 and PB-289 328.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for
South Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of wells and springs. This report con-
tains discharge records for 56 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 81 gaging stations, and water levels for 17 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 19 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In South Carolina.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Carolina, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates. In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity. 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 328/7 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Carolina, Water
Year 1973. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Columbia, SC. Water Resources
Div.
1974,222p USGS/WRD/HD-78/314, USGS/WDR/
SC-73/1
See also PB-289 327 and PB-289 329.
With resources data for the 1973 water year South
Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 54 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
139 gaging stations, and water levels for 21 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 19 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In South Carolina.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Carolina, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, In-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 329/8 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data tor South Carolina, Water
Year 1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water
Records. Annual rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Columbia. SC. Water Resources
Dlv.
1975,200p USGS/WRD/HD-78/316, USGS/WDR/
SC-74/1
See also PB-289 328 and report for Water Year 1975,
PB-251 856.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for
South Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of wells and springs. This report con-
tains discharge records for 56 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 29 gaging stations, and water levels for 21 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 29 crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in South Carolina.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Carolina, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water
flow, Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Ob-
servation wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature,
Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, in-
organic nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacte-
ria, Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 35S/0 PC A08/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Annual rept 1
Oct 70-30 Sep 71. n.u
Geological Survey, Okemos, Ml. Water Resources DW-
1972, 152p USGS/WRD/HD-78/200, USGS/WDR/
MI-71/2 ,OT,
See also Part 1, PB-289 354 and Water Year 1972
report, PB-289 356.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for
Michigan consist of records of discharge and water
quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and res-
ervoirs. This report contains water quality for 41 gaging
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous analy-
ses. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geologic*
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In Michigan.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
•Water quality data.
PB-289 358/4 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Years
1972-73. Part 2. Water Quality Record*. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Okemos, Ml. Water Resources ON.
1974,263p USGS/WRD/HD-78/202, USGS/WDR/
MI-72/73-2
See also PB-289 357, PB-289 356 and report for
Water Year 1974, PB-289 359.
Water resources data for the 1972 and 1973 water
years for Michigan consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes ago
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 7o
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In Michigan.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
•Water quality data.
PB-289 376/6 PC A05/MF A01
Glossary of Terms. A Report of the NATO/CCM*
Pilot Study on Air Pollution Assessment Method-
ology and Modeling.
NATO Committee on'the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,90p NATO/CCMS-89
NATO furnished.
This document establishes a comprehensive glossary
of terms used In air pollution assessment methodology
and modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dictionaries, Methodology,
Mathematical models, Air quality.
PB-289 377/4 PC A03/MF A01
Introduction to Air Quality Modeling. A Report of
the NATO/COMB Pilot Study on Air Pollution As-
sessment Methodology and Modeling.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,31p NATO/CCMS-99
NATO furnished.
668 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this report is not to give a detailed
[wew of the existing air quality models but to review
•he methods used for modeling, in particular for
ropdels to be used in AQMS, in order to give indica-
•pf)8 where they could preferably be applied, to state
jneir advantages and disadvantages and summarize
[ro» problems connected with the application of
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Methodology, Atmospheric diffusion, Air quality.
£8-289 378/2 PC A05/MF A01
Air Pollution Emission* Projecting. A Report of
We NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Air Pollution As-
••••mwit Methodology and Modeling.
fWrO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,76p NATO/CCMS-100
NATO furnished.
This document is concerned with alternative emission
Protection techniques and describes the relationship of
emissions projecting to the Air Quality Management
system (AQM). Based on the experience of several
[WTO countries, principles are given for applying the
{""fleeting techniques to the available emissions inven-
J?ry databases and to the other data required. The Ap-
pendix presents detailed methodology for emissions
Projecting in the Federal Republic of Germany and in
me United States,
Keywords; 'Air pollution, 'Forecasting, Methodology,
Mathematical models, Air quality.
PC AOS/MF A01
rfjot Study on Nutrition and Health. Final rept.
^ATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Soci-
•Jy. Brussels (Belgium).
S« 78,89p NATO/CCMS-92
NATO furnished.
!?. 1876 the North Atlantic Council approved a Pilot
study proposed by the Committee on the Challenges
°J Modem Society to investigate certain limited fields
of endeavour in the area of Nutrition and Health. It was
agreed at the initial meeting between representatives
J* Participating countries that the study would examine
"Je means by which government agencies attempt to
cnange dietary habits or nutrient intakes, and the pur-
Pose and effectiveness of such attempts. The intent of
• questionnaire, sent out in the summer of 1976, was
w establish the present situation in NATO Countries.
inis documentation was examined at a one-day meet-
PJ8 of the pilot Study Group held in Brussels at NATO
"eMquarters, Monday, March 7,1977. Recommenda-
"ons were made on strategies to deal with the nutri-
w>nal problems of modern society.
Keywords: 'Nutrition, 'Diets, 'Food habits, Recom-
ftendations, Monitors, Methodology, Data collection,
11 J° forces, Great Britain, Norway, Belgium, Canada,
"Prod States, Surveys, Effectiveness, Education, Na-
Hpnal government Agencies, Government, Programs,
"•oreign countries, Health education.
55-2B9 380/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Jrept of Energy, Washington, DC. Office of Conserve-
ton arri Solar Applications.
S«fr Energy Pilot Study. Final rept.
WTO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
•M Brussels (Belgium).
9«78, lOOp NATO/CCMS-83
rpntract DOE-EY-S-76-05-4908
£*° pub. as Maryland Univ., College Park. CCMS
"""' Office, Rept no. UMD-4908-13. NATO fur-
The CCMS Solar Energy Pilot Study was established In
JJJ'3 with the objective of encouraging the cost-effec-
"ve and practical application of solar energy to heating
in residential, commercial, Industrial, agri-
, and public buildings. The scope of the pflot
•Judy has been the exchange of Information on (1) na-
solar heating and cooling programs, (2) solar
ng and cooling experiments, with emphasis on
2*»m performance data, and (3) specialized regional
"PPlteations of solar heating and cooling. In this Final
"•port, the various elements of this multilateral coop-
erative program are described briefly in the Executive
summary and discussed in further detail In other sec-
?"» of the report Significant accomplishments, an
•wessment by the participants of the effectiveness of
this project, and recommendations of the pilot study
for follow-up activities at both the national and interna-
tional levels are also included.
Keywords: Solar heating, Air conditioning, Residential
buildings, Commercial buildings, Industrial buildings,
Public buildings, Agriculture, Farm buildings, United
States, Foreign countries, Reviewing, Planning, Tech-
nology transfer, 'Solar space heating, 'Solar air condi-
tioning.
PB-289 384/0 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Nevada, Water Year
1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep
74 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Carson City, NV. Water Resources
Div.
1975,251 p USGS/WRO/HD-78/236, USGS/WDR/
NV-74/1
See also report for Water Year 1971, PB-289 381, and
report for Water Year 1975, PB-254 431.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for
Nevada consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 121 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
19 gaging stations. Also included are 14 low-flow and
115 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional
water data were collected at various sites, not part of
the systematic data collection program, and are pub-
lished as miscellaneous measurements and analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Nevada.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nevada,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 409/5 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Effects of a Wastewater Treatment
System. Final rept,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Kerby F. Fannin, Kenneth W. Cochran, Helen Ross,
and Arnold S. Monto. Oct 78,68p EPA/600/1-78/062
Grant EPA-R-804973-01
Prepared In cooperation with (IT Research Inst, Chica-
go, IL.
Data obtained as part of a comprehensive community
health study conducted during 1965-1971 were utilized
to examine the incidence of acute Illness in a popula-
tion surrounding an activated sludge wastewater treat-
ment plant and a control location In Tecumseh, Michi-
gan. Study participants were classified into concentric
circles of approximately 600m each by dwelling unit
distance from either site. School children were classi-
fied by school attended in a similar manner. The addi-
tive minimum discrimination information statistic was
used to test for significant differences in the incidence
of total, respiratory, and gastrointestinal illnesses
among Individuals dwelling within concentric circles.
Differences in Illness Incidence occurred from May
through October at varying distances from the
wastewater treatment plant and persons dwelling
within 600m of this plant appeared to have a greater
than expected risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal
Illness. The data do not, however, demonstrate a
causal effect and factors other than the wastewater
treatment plant, such as higher rates of illness trans-
mission in areas of higher densities of lower socloeco-
nomic families, could have contributed to these find-
Ings.
Keywords: 'Morbidity. 'Sewage treatment, 'Waste
water, Classifications, Occurrences, Michigan, Rec-
ommendations, Procedures, Surveillance, statistical
analysis, Distance, Meteorology, Seasonal variations,
Socioeconomlc factors, Children, Tables(Data), Air
pollution, Recruiting, Respiratory diseases, Gastroin-
testinal diseases, Acute diseases,
Tecumseh(Michigan), 'Environmental health, Water
pollution control, Illnesses, Locations.
PB-289 410/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of a Recommended System for De-
termining NPDES Method Equivalency. Final rept.
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. Environmental Sciences
Div.
R. J. Fulk, K. R. Huibregtse, N. Kobriger, R.
Wullschleger, and J. E. Kane. Dec 78,143p EPA/BOO/
4-78/065
Contract EPA-68-63-2595
Environmental Protection Agency mandated by PL 92-
500 to establish a National Pollutant Discharge Elimi-
nation System (NPDES) which involves specification
of approved test procedures. This was ammended to
Include provisions allowing the use of alternate proce-
dures. Both nationwide and limited use (specific permit
holder) variances are involved. The recommended
protocol for nationwide variance evaluation included
sampling of five industrial effluent categories and pos-
sibly one municipal effluent. Six samples would be col-
lected and analyzed In duplicate by both the proposed
and approved analytical methods. Data evaluation
would include a Moments test for normality followed by
transformation, If required. The method comparison
would involve a pared t-test and regression on the
sample means. Data should be analyzed by industrial
category and all together in order to Identify if the
method comparability was limited to certain dis-
charges. Applicants for limited use variances would be
required to sample fewer outfalls, however, six sam-
ples should be collected which reflect as wide a con-
centration range as possible. Data analysis Is the
same as that recommended for a nationwide variance.
The recommended statistics were considered applica-
ble for evaluating drinking water variance requests
also, and some Implementation procedures are includ-
ed for this system.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Statistical tests, Water
quality, Chemical analysis, Equivalence, Test meth-
ods, Evaluation, Specifications, Variance(StatisticB),
Comparison, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Outfalls,
Concentration(Composition), Municipalities, United
States, 'Water pollution sampling, 'National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System.
PB-289 411/1 PCA11/MFA01
Voluntary and Regulatory Approaches for Non-
point Source Pollution Control. (Water Quality
Planning). Conference Held at Rosemont, Illinois
on May 23-24,1978. Conference rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Ralph G. Christensen, and Carl D. Wilson. Aug 78,
231 p* EPA/905/9-78/001
The report is a compilation of papers presented at the
'Voluntary and Regulatory Approaches for Nonpoint
Source Pollution Control' conference held at the
Sheraton O'Hare Motor Hotel in Rosemont, Illinois
May 22 and 23, 1978. Principal investigators of four
section 108 (a) demonstration projects presented
water quality data, sediment and erosion data, land
management practices used on projects to evaluate
impact on water quality educational programs to
inform the public on nonpoint source problems, and in-
stitutional arrangements that can be used to imple-
ment nonpoint source pollution controls.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Meetings, Sedimenta-
tion, Clay soils, Turbidity, Soil erosion, Urban areas.
Water pollution control, Combined sewers, Surface
water runoff. Land use, Ordinances, Mathematical
models, Land management, Soil conservation. Soil
stabilization, Shore protection, Soil surveys, Beaches,
Groins(Structures), Sea walls, Nutrients, 'Nonpoint
sources, Best management practices.
PB-289 413/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnatt,
OH.
Commercial Feasibility of Recovering Tomato
Processing Residuals for Food Uae. Final rept May
75-Aug 77,
Science and Education Administration. Albany, CA.
Western Regional Research Center.
W. G. Schultz, H. J. Neumann, J. E. Schade, J. P.
Morgan, and P. F. Hannl. Sep 78,78p EPA/600/2-76/
202
December 1983 569
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with National Food Proces-
sors Association, Berkeley, CA. Western Research
Lab.
A 2-year project was undertaken to determine the
commercial feasibility of recovering pulp from the peel-
ings of caustic peeled tomatoes. In 1975, peel from
regular cannery operations was processed through a
20-gpm (5 t/hr) continuous-flow line. This processing
consisted of acidifying the peel to pH 4.2 with food-
grade hydrochloric acid, then separating the pulp from
the skin with a paddle finisher (screen). Recovered
peel pulp was found to be of food quality but contained
high peeling-aid residues (150-450 ppm). In 1976, a 1-
t/hr pilot peeling line was set up at a cannery to study
modifications in the peeling process for the purpose of
reducing peeling-aid residue in the recovered pulp.
The principal modification was to pretreat the toma-
toes by immersion in a 150F aqueous bath (approxi-
mately pH 3.6) containing about 0.15% food-grade oc-
tanoic (caprylic) acid; subsequently, the tomatoes
were immersed in caustic. The peel was removed with
rubber-disc peelers. Recovered pulp met USDA Qual-
ity Grade A, and the octanoic acid levels were low (0 to
30 ppm). The proposed use of this recovered pael pulp
is in combination with tomato pulp from regular
sources for canned products such as tomato sauce,
catsup, paste, and fill juice for peeled tomatoes.
Keywords: 'Tomatoes, "Residues, "Food processing,
•Byproducts, Feasibility, Recovery, Hydrochloric acid,
Food, Alkalinity, Separation, Caprylic acid, Acidifica-
tion, Extraction, Evaporation, Color, Flavor, Vitamins,
Economic analysis, Standards.
PB-289 434/3 PC A11/MF AOf
Water Resources Data for Wisconsin, Water Year
1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep
71 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Madison, Wl. Water Resources
Div.
1972,234p USGS/WRD/HD-78/362, USGS/WDR/
WI-71/1
See also report for Water Year 1972, PB-289 435.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Wis-
consin consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
Quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 107 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 41 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 5
gaging stations. Also included are 42 low-flow and 131
crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Wis-
consin.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Wiscon-
sin, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 435/0 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wisconsin, Water Year
1972. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep
72 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Madison, Wl. Water Resources
Div.
1973,272p USGS/WRD/HD-78/363, USGS/WDR/
WI-72/1
See also report for Water Year 1973, PB-289 436.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Wis-
consin consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 109 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 41 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 7
gaging stations. Also included are 94 low-flow and 131
crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Wis-
consin.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Wiscon-
sin, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 436/8 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wisconsin, Water Year
1973. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep
73 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Madison, Wl. Water Resources
Div.
1974,271 p USGS/WRD/HD-78/364, USGS/WDR/
WI-73/1
See also report for Water Year 1974, PB-289 437.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Wis-
consin consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 112 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 41 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 8
gaging stations. Also included are 93 low-flow and 134
crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Wis-
consin.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Wiscon-
sin, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 438/4 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Tullock Reservoir, Calaveras and Tuolumne Coun-
ties, California. Final rept. Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,40p WORKING PAPER-760
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
California National Guard, Sacramento.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Tullock Reservoir, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates. Inorganic nitrates. Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Calaveras County(California),
Tuolumne County(California).
PB-289 439/2 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Shaver Lake, Fresno County, California. Final rept.
Nov 74-Nov 75.
National Eutrophication Survey, Corvallis, OR.
Jun 78,35p WORKING PAPER-758
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV., California State
Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, and
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loadings to
the lake were estimated and subdivided according to
either point or non-point source origin. An assessment
of the lake's trophic condition and limiting nutrient is
also provided. All data collected by the U.S.E.P.A. Na-
tional Eutrophication Survey during the one year study
of the lake and its tributaries are included In the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Shaver Lake, Water
quality, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Pol-
lution abatement, Nutrients, Bioassay, Watersheds,
Water quality management, California, "Water quality
data, Eutrophication, Fresno County(California).
PB-289 447/5 PC A08/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Dakota, Water
Year 1973. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-
data rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Huron, SD. Water Resources Div.
1974,158p USGS/WRD/HD-78/323, USGS/WDR/
SD-73/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 446, and report for Water Year
1974, Parti, PB-289 448.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for
South Dakota consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 40
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies in South Dakota.(Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "South
Dakota, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins,
Streams, Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data),
Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates,
Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Con-
ductivity, "Water quality data.
PB-289 450/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Metal Sulfldes.
Final rept. Jun 72-May 78,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Chemical En-
gineering.
F. P. McCandless, and Kent Hodgson. Nov 78,97p
EPA/600/7-78/213
Grant EPA-R-800682
The report gives results of research to determine the
technical feasibility of using metal sulfide for the
chemical reduction of NOx to N2. Nineteen different
metal sulfides were investigated, using a test gas of
pure NO. Although most sulfides resulted in some NO
reduction, BaS, CaS, SrS, and FeS were the most
promising. Several catalysts reduced the temperature
at which the reduction process proceeds by as much
as 200 C. A further temperature reduction was ob-
tained by impregnating the sulfide and catalyst on high
surface area supports of activated alumina or molecu-
lar sieves. The most promising catalysts were NaF,
NIC 12, and FeC 12. All combinations of the most
promising sulfide and catalysts were tested for NO re-
duction, using a synthetic flue gas containing 1000
ppm NO and 1 % 02. The capacities of the six best
were FeS-FeC 12 > SrS-NaF > CaS-NaF > BaS-
FeC 12 > FeS-NiCI > CaS-FeC 12, and ranged from
0.0372 to 0.0134 g NO reduced/g initial sulfide
present. Capacities of 0.91 and 0.76 g NO/g sulfide
were obtained when using 5% CaS (only) impregnated
on alumina and molecular sieves, respectively. It was
concluded that these sulfides can reduce NO in the
presence of 02, but more research is required to es-
tablish the economic feasibility.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxide(NO),
'Inorganic sulfides, Surface area, Catalysis, Reduction
reaction, Feasibility, Nitrogen oxides, Iron sulfides,
Absprbers(Materials), Thermodynamics, Laboratory
equipment, Oxygen, Flue gases, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, "Stationary sources, Strontium
sulfides, Barium sulfides, Calcium sulfides.
PB-289 451/7 PC A03/MF A01
A Pilot Study on Dispersion Near Roadways,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William B. Petersen. Aug 78,33p EPA/600/4-78/044
High frequency wind fluctuation data were used to esti-
mate the dispersion near roadways. The standard de-
viations of the wind direction and the elevation angle
were computed for six averaging times. The EPA
HIWAY model was modified to use these fluctuation
570 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
statistics directly to estimate dispersion. The data from
the General Motors Sulfate Dispersion Experiment
were used in this study. In particular, the data used in
this pilot study were three half-hour periods when the
Winds were nearly parallel with the test track. Results
from analysis show that model performance was im-
proved for parallel wind conditions when the fluctu-
ation statistics of the wind were used to estimate dis-
persion. The results also show that model estimates
are most sensitive to the vertical dispersion parameter.
Concentrations seem to be insensitive to the horizon-
tal dispersion parameter.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Roads, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Wind velocity, Wind(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models.
Atmospheric dispersion, Diffusion modeling, Non-
Point sources, HIWAY model, Gaussian plume models.
PB-289 492/1 PC A08/MF A01
Dept, of Energy, Washington, DC. Office of Conserva-
tion and Solar Applications.
Report of the CCMS (Committee on the Chal-
lenges of Modem Society) Solar Energy Pilot
Study Meeting (4th) Held at Dusseldorf, Germany
on April 17-18,1978,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Sheila Blum, and Redfield W. Allen. Aug 78,159p
NATO/CCMS-84
Contract DOE-EY-76-S-05-4908
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park. CCMS Project Office. NATO furnished.
The Solar Energy Pilot Study of the NATO Committee
on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) was es-
tablished with the objective of encouraging the cost-ef-
fective and practical application of solar energy to
heating and cooling in buildings. Since 1974, four pilot
study meetings have provided a forum for presentation
of status reports of the various elements of the pilot
study. This report is a summary of the fourth and final
Solar Energy Pilot Study Meeting and contains, in addi-
tion to national program reports and progress reports
on the sub-project activities, recommendations for
continued international cooperation during the two-
year CCMS follow-up period.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Solar heating, Space heating,
Air conditioning, Hot water heating, Research projects,
Reviewing, Foreign countries, United States, Australia,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Federal Republic
of Germany, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, New
Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom,
polar space heating, NATO Committee on the Chal-
lenges of Modern Society, Solar water heating, Solar
air conditioning.
PB-289 493/9 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Coal Cleaning Technology: An
Evaluation of Chemical Coal Cleaning Processes.
Final rept. Apr 77-Dec 77,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
G. Y. Contos, I. F. Frankel, and L. C. McCandless. Aug
78, 299p* EPA/600/7-78/173A
Contract EPA-68-02-2199
The report assembles and assesses technical and
economic information on chemical coal cleaning proc-
esses. Sufficient data was located to evaluate 11 proc-
esses in detail. It was found that chemical coal clean-
ing processes can remove up to 99% of the pyritic
sulfur and 40% of the organic sulfur, resulting in total
sulfur removals of 53 to 77%. This performance can
be achieved with heat value recoveries of 57 to 96%.
Processes which remove only pyritic sulfur were gen-
erally judged to have the highest probabilities of suc-
cess. Of techniques which remove both pyritic and or-
ganic sulfur, the ERDA and GE microwave processes
were judged to have the highest probabilities of
sucess.
Keywords: *Coal preparation, *Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Assessments, *Desulfurization, Economic
analysis, Design criteria, Process charting, Perform-
ance evaluation, Comparison.
PB-289 497/0 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Short Course Proceedings, Applications of Com-
puter Programs In the Preliminary Design of
Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Section II.
Users' Guide and Program Listing. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Pritzker Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
Richard G. Eilers, Robert Smith, Stephen P. Graef,
James W. Male, and Hisashi Ogawa. Sep 78,288p"
EPA/600/2-78/185B
Grant EPA-R-805134-01
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan Sanitary
District of Greater Chicago, IL, and Massachusetts
Univ., Amherst. See also Section 1, PB-288 212.
This document contains a portion of the material used
for the Short Course on the Applications of Computer
Programs in Preliminary Design of Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. The short course lectures appear in
Section I of the report which is under separate cover.
Section II, contained herein, contains the users'
manual and program listing for the Executive Program
for Preliminary Design of Wastewater Treatment Sys-
tems. The manual describes the use of the program
and subroutines. Several examples show appropriate
input and expected output for a variety of applications.
In addition, the theoretical basis for the calculations
are shown in the form of conventional mathematical
and equivalent fortran equations. The program listing
includes the main program and each of 27 subrou-
tines, representing different treatment processes,
energy consumption, and cost calculations.
Keywords: 'Computer programs, Programming man-
uals, Sewage treatment, Sedimentation, Activated
sludge process, Anaerobic processes, Filtration,
Thickening, Elutriation, Dewatering, Energy consump-
tion, Sludge drying, Chlorination, Flotation, Pumping,
Centrifuging, Aerobic processes, Sludge digestion,
Sludge disposal, Water pollution, Sanitary engineering,
Cost engineering, Performance, Design, Cost esti-
mates, Cost analysis. Cost effectiveness, Mathemat-
ical models, Fortran, 'Sewage treatment plants, Land
disposal, Incineration, Water pollution control, EXEC-
MAIN computer program, Computer applications.
PB-289 498/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Impact of Point Source Control Strategies on N02
Levels. Final task rept. Mar 77-Oct 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. R. Eppright, E. P. Hamilton, M. A. Haecker, and Carl-
Heinz Michelis. Nov 78,200p EPA/600/7-78/212
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives final results of a study of the effect of
two point source NOx control strategies in the Chicago
Air Quality Control Region (AQCR): combustion modifi-
cation and flue gas treatment. The study involved the
dispersion modeling of essentially all point and area
sources of NOx in the AQCR. Gaussian type disper-
sion models were used for nonreactive pollutants. The
model results were adjusted empirically for atmospher-
ic conversion of NO to N02. Two averaging times were
considered: annual, corresponding to the present Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for NO2;
and 1-hour, corresponding to the anticipated new
short-term NAAQS for NO2. Results of the annual
modeling indicate that large point sources are not
major contributors to annual average NO2 levels.
However, results of the short-term modeling indicate
that large point sources can be important contributors
to 1-hour average NO2 levels under certain meteoro-
logical conditions. Therefore, the control of large point
source emissions can result in significant improve-
ments In short-term NO2 air quality.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Math-
ematical models, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Illinois, Sources, Concentration(Combustion),
Sampling, Sites, 'Point sources, 'Air quality, Gaussian
plume models, 'Air quality control regions,
Chicago(lllinois), 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-289 501/9
PC A06/MF A01
Bibliography on Grey Literature on Air Quality
Modeling, Part II. New Modeling Techniques.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,123p NATO/CCMS-88
See also PB-277 442, and PB-245 319. NATO fur-
nished.
A worldwide cooperation in the field of modeling activi-
ties has proved the necessity to review the state of the
art of air quality modeling and to show International
trends in model standardization. An important point to
fulfill the task was the registration and documentation
of all those papers and reports which have not yet
been published in generally available journals. There-
fore, the Modeling Panel decided to prepare a Techni-
cal Document of this so-call 'Grey Literature' which
has been separated into two parts: (1) Bibliography of
Grey Literature on Air Quality Modeling (especially
Gaussian Plume Models) and (2) Bibliography of Grey
Literature on Air Quality Modeling (New Models). In
this document the actual version of the part concern-
ing the new models is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Bib-
liographies, Computer programming, Abstracts, Air
quality.
PB-289 509/2 PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water Records.
Water-data rept. (Annual), 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
1972,318p USGS/WRD/HD-78/346, USGS/WDR/
VA-71/1
See also rept. for Water Year 1972, PB-289 510.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for 182 gaging stations; stage and con-
tents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22
gaging stations, and water levels for 31 observation
wells. Also included are 164 crest-stage partial-record
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites, not part of the systematic data collection
program, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Virginia.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Virginia,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 512/6 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Part 3. Ground Water Records.
Water-data rept. (Annual), 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
1975,355p USGS/WRD/HD-78/349, USGS/WDR/
VA-74/1
See also PB-289 511 and rept. for Water Year 1975,
PB-259196.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for 187 gaging stations; stage and con-
tents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 23
gaging stations, water levels for 50 observation wells.
Also included are 165 crest-stage partial-record sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies in Virginia.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Virginia,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
December 1983 571
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, *Hydrologic
data. Water levels. Peak discharge.
PB-289 636/5 PC A11/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Montana, Water Year
1872. Part 2. Watar Quality Record*. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Helena, MT. Water Resources Div.
1073,244p USGS/WRD/HD-78/217, USGS/WDR/
MT-72/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 535, and report for Water Year
1073, Parti, PB-289 537.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Mon-
tana consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 67 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, are are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
Montana.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, "Mon-
tana, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
•Water quality data.
PB-289 630/9 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Montana, Water Year
1974. Part 2. Watar Quality Records. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Helena, MT. Water Resources Div.
1075, 204pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/221, USGS/WDR/
MT-74/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 538, and report for Water Year
1071, Parti, PB-289 533.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Mon-
tana consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 56 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In
Montana.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Mon-
tana, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
•Water quality data.
PB-289 640/7 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, Water
Year 1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1
Oct 70-30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
1072,414p_USGS/WRD/HD-78/195, USGS/WDR/
MANHRIVT-71/1
See also PB-289 541.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Mas-
sachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Ver-
mont consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge
records for 226 gaging stations; stage and contents for
30 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 20 gaging
stations. Also included are 83 low-flow and 102 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies in Massachu-
setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Massa-
chusetts, 'New Hampshire, 'Rhode Island, 'Vermont,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 541/5 PCA18/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, Water
Year 1972. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1
Oct 71-30 Sep 72.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
1973, 406p USGS/WRD/HD-78/196, USGS/WDR/
MANHRIVT-72/1
See also PB-289 540 and PB-289 542.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Mas-
sachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Ver-
mont consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge
records for 223 gaging stations; stage and contents for
43 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 26 gaging
stations. Also included are 64 low-flow and 105 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies in Massachu-
setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Massa-
chusetts, 'New Hampshire, 'Rhode Island, 'Vermont,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 542/3 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, Watar
Year 1973. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2.
Water Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1
Oct 72-30 Sep 73.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
1974, 4590 USGS/WRD/HD-78/197, USGS/WDR/
MANHRIVT-73/1
See also PB-289 541 and rept. for Water Year 1974,
PB-289276.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Mas-
sachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Ver-
mont consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; contents and water quality of lakes
and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records
for 226 gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging
stations; stage and contents for 3 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 26 gaging stations. Also included are
75 low-flow and 117 crest-stage partial-record sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous meas-
urements and analyses. These data represent that
part of the National Water Data System operated by
the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local,
State, and Federal agencies In Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Massa-
chusetts, 'New Hampshire, 'Rhode Island, 'Vermont,
Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow, Rivers,
Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observation
wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 545/6 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1971. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 70-30 Sep 71 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
1972,264p USGS/WRD/HD-78/255, USGS/WDR/
NY-71 /2
See also Part 1, PB-289 544, and report for Water Year
1972, Parti, PB-289 546.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for New
York consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 112 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins. Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
'Water quality data.
PB-289 547/2 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1972. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 71-30 Sep 72 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
1973,272p USGS/WRD/HD-78/257, USGS/WDR/
NY-72/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 546, and report for Water Year
1973, Parti, PB-289 548.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for New
York consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 105 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In
New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, "New
York, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
'Water quality data.
PB-289 549/8 PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1973. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 72-30 Sep 73 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
1974, 314p USGS/WRD/HD-78/259, USGS/WDR/
NY-73/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 548, and report for Water Year
1974, Parti, PB-289 550.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for New
York consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 134 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
sites, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in
New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity.
'Water quality data.
PB-289 551/4 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1974. Part 2. Water Quality Records. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 73-30 Sep 74 (Annual).
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
1975,374p USGS/WRD/HD-78/261, USGS/WDR/
NY-74/2
See also Part 1, PB-289 550, and report for Water Year
1971, Parti, PB-289 544.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for New
York consist of records of discharge and water quality
of streams, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs.
This report contains water quality for 62 gaging sta-
tions. Additional water data were collected at various
572 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
«tea, not part of the systematic data collection pro-
gram, and are published as miscellaneous analyses.
These data represent that part of the National Water
Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey
and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In
New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Reservoirs, River basins, Streams,
Sampling, Temperature, Sites, Tables(Data), Lakes,
Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity,
'Water quality data.
PB-289 660/5 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Mississippi, Wster Year
1971. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Watsr
Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1 Oct 70-
30 Sep 71.
Geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
Dlv.
1872,190p USGS/WRD/HD-78/133, USQS/WDR/
MS-71/1
See also PB-289 561.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 72 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 4 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 26
Oaglng stations. Also Included are 27 low-flow and 143
crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
*ystematlc data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In Mis-
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
sippi, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
were, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
npn wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
rables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
fB-289 561/3 PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Mississippi, Water Year
1972. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1 Oct 71-
30 Sep 72.
geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
1973,2lOp USGS/WRD/HD-78/135, USGS/WDR/
MS-72/1
See also PB-289 560, and PB-289 562.
Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 81 gaging stations; stage only
record for 1 gaging station; stage and contents for 4
lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 25 gaging sta-
ins. Also included are 29 low-flow and 144 crest-
stage partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection program, and are published as mis-
cellaneous measurements and analyses. These data
^Present that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing local, State, and Federal agencies In Mississippi.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
«PPi, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
nlvers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
lables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
d«*a, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PC A09/MF A01
"•tor Resources Data for Mississippi, Water Year
1*73. part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Duality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1 Oct 72-
30 Sep 73.
geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
1974,194pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/137, USGS/WDR/
MS-73/1
See also PB-289 561 and PB-289 563.
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 74 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 31
gaging stations, Also Included are 58 low-flow and 126
crest-stage partial-record station's. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies In Mis-
sissippi.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
sippi, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow,
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 663/9 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Mississippi. Water Ytar
1974. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Part 2. Water
Quality Records. Annual water-data rept. 1 Oct 73-
30 Sep 74.
Geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
Dlv.
1975,294p USGS/WRD/HD-78/139, USGS/WDR/
MS-74/1
See also PB-289 562.
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains
discharge records for 66 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 4 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 11
gaging stations. Also included are 11 low-flow and 136
crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Mis-
sissippi.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
sippi, Water quality, Reservoirs, Streams, Water flow.
Rivers, Water table, Drainage, River basins, Observa-
tion wells, Sampling, Water wells, Temperature, Sites,
Tables(Data), Lakes, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Sulfates, Bacteria,
Metals, Conductivity, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Water levels, Peak discharge.
PB-289 565/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of Paniculate Matter Monitoring
Using Contact Electricity. Final rept.,
California State Dept. of Health, Berkeley. Air and In-
dustrial Hygiene Lab.
Walter John, Gaorg Reischl, William Devor, and
Jerome J. Wesolowski. Oct 78,81p EPA/600/2-78/
212
Grant EPA-R-803719-01-2
See also report dated Feb 75, PB-245 055.
To better understand the contact electrification moni-
tor for paniculate matter, charge transfer by aerosol
particles Impacting on metal surfaces has been investi-
gated. Monodlsperse, uniformly charged or neutral
aerosol particles (1-5 micrometer diameter) from a vi-
brating orifice or fluldlzed bed generator were bounced
on a metal probe. The transfer of precharge from the
particles were found to be sensitive Indicators of the
probe surface condition. A surface preparation proce-
dure was developed which yielded linear charge trans-
fer curves. Measurements were made of methylene
blue, potassium biphthalate, sodium chloride and alu-
minum particles Impacting on stainless steel, Inconel,
titanium and platinum probes. For Insulating materials,
the transfer of precharge was Independent of particle
size while the contact charge was proportional to the
cube of particle diameter and directly proportional to
Impact velocity. The magnitude of the contact charge
was strongly dependent on the electrical resistivity of
the material. A theoretical model was found to account
seml-quantitatlvely for all aspects of the data. A major
remaining difficulty Is the lack of knowledge of the con-
tact potential. The Implications of these findings for
monitoring applications Is discussed In detail and the
advantages and disadvantages ol the monitor are as-
sessed.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Surfaces, Air pollution, Moni-
tors, Electric charge, Continuous sampling, Impact,
'Air pollution detection, 'Contact electricity,
PB-289 608/8 PC A04/MF A01
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxlolty of Ef-
fluents to Aquatic Organisms,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
natl.OH,
William Peltier. Jul 78,62p EPA/600/4-78/012-REV
Supersedes report dated Jan 78, PB-276 690. Supple-
ment to 'Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for
Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluent'.
Prepared by Environmental Protection Agency,
Athens, GA. surveillance and Analysis Div.
The report describes methods for the measurement of
the acute toxiclty of effluents to macrolnvertebratas
and fish. The methods include a preliminary short-term
(8-24 hr), range-finding (screening) test and a long-
term (96 hr) flow-through, or alternate static, definitive
test for use In determining the LC50 or EC60 of the
waste. The report Includes guidelines for effluent sam-
pling and holding, facilities and equipment, dilution
water, test species selection and handling, and data In-
terpretation.
Keywords: 'Toxlcity, 'Effluents, 'Aquatic animals,
'Fishes, Invertebrates, Water pollution, Methodology,
Measurement, Guidelines, Industrial wastes, Facilities,
Sewage, Bloassay, Fresh water biology, TablestData),
Sampling, Procedures, Tests, Lethal dosage, Equip-
ment, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-289 662/0 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Structure-Reactivity Relationships to Esti-
mate Hydrolytlc Persistence of Carbamate Pesti-
cides. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. Lee Wolfe, Richard G. Zepp, and Doris F. Paris.
1978, 5p EPA/600/J-78/055
Pub. in Water Research, v12(8), p561 -563 1978.
Linear free energy relationships are given for use in es-
timating alkaline hydrolysis of carbamate pesticides in
water as applied to environmental conditions. Plots of
the second-order alkaline hydrolysis rate constants
versus pKa of the resulting alcohol are given for N, N-
dimethyl-, N-methyl-N-phenyl-, N-methyl-, and N-
phenyl-carbamates. Use of these relationships allows
one to estimate rate constants for specific compounds
and make general statements about hydrolytic stability
of classes of compounds.
Keywords: 'Herbicides. 'Reaction kinetics, 'Water
pollution, 'Water chemistry, Hydrolysis, Carbamates,
Reprints.
PB-289 653/8 PC A02/MF A01
Carbaryl, Propham and Chlorpropham: A Com-
parison of the Riles of Hydrolysis and Photolysis
with the Rate of Biolysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L, Wolfe, R. G, Zepp, and D. F. Paris. 1978,9p EPA/
600/J-78/053
Pub. In Water Research, v12(8), p565-571 1978.
Alkaline hydrolysis half-lives, based on second-order
alkaline hydrolysis rate constants, for carbaryl, pro-
pham (IPC). and Chlorpropham (CIPC) at pH 9 (27 de-
grees) are 0.15 > 1 x 10 to the 4th power days, and > 1
x 10 to the 4th power days, respectively. The direct
photolysis half-life for carbaryl In sunlight Is 6.6 days In
distilled water. Calculated minimum half-lives for the
direct photolysis of IPC and CIPC in a clear water body
near the surface are 254 and 121 days, respectively.
Half-lives, based on second-order fungal rate con-
stants, for the IPC and CIPC are calculated under
given conditions. Kinetic data on hydrolysis, photoly-
sis, and biolysis are employed as a basis for comparl-
December 1983 573
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
son of the relative importance of these three degrada-
tion processes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Herbicides, 'Reaction ki-
netics, Water chemistry, Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Biode-
terioration, Carbamates, Carbaryl, Carbamic acid/
methyl-(naphthyl-ester), Chem Hoe, Carbamic acid/
isopropyl-N-phenyl, Reprints, Chloropropham, Carba-
mic acld/chloro-isopropyl-N-phenyl.
PB-289 654/6 PC A02/MF A01
Partitioning of Selected Polychlorlnated Blphen-
yls to Natural Sediment*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. C. Steen, D. f. Paris, and G. L. Baughman. 1978,5p
EPA/600/J-78/054
Pub. in Water Research, v12(9), p655-6571978.
The partitioning of two polychlorinated biphenyl mix-
tures (Aroclor 1016 and 1242) and two tetrachlorobi-
phenyl isomers (2,5,3',4', and 2,6,2'6' tetrachlorobi-
phenyl) between water and four natural sediments was
evaluated in laboratory investigations. For both Aroclor
mixtures, the extent of adsorption was comparable on
all four natural sediments studied. For individual iso-
mers, partitioning was comparable with that observed
for the mixtures. Both particle size distribution and total
organic carbon were important factors in determining
the extent of partitioning for the two isomers: but in the
case of the mixtures, there was no correlation with or-
ganic content.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Pesticides,
'Water chemistry, Chlorine organic compounds, Ad-
sorption, Carbon, Particle size distribution, Transport
properties, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Biphenyl/
perchloro, Aroclor 1016, Reprints, Aroclor 1242, Bi-
phenyl/tetrachloro, 'Path of pollutants.
PB-289 655/3 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Isolation of Organic Water Pollutant* by XAD
Reelne and Carbon. Journal article,
National Inst. for Water Research, Pretoria (South
Africa).
P. Van Rossom, and R. G. Webb. 21 Mar 78,14p EPA/
600/J-78/065
Pub. In Jnl. of Chromatography 150(20), p381-392,21
Mar 78.
The recovery efficiencies of XAD resins -2, -4, -7, and -
8 and of resin mixtures were measured using distilled
water samples containing 13 organic pollutants. An
equal-weight mixture of XAD-4 and XAD-8 was most
efficient. XAO-2 and XAD-4/8 were further tested and
found effective using tapwater. Carbon was tested as a
sorbent for materials not well retained by the resins. In-
column solvent washing before sample sorption was
found to be as effective as Soxhlet extraction for re-
moving background impurities. Some compounds can
be desorbed from carbon by in-column solvent elution;
others require Soxhlet extraction. An XAD-4/8 column
in series with a carbon column was used to sample
1000 liters of tapwater. Halomethanes, n-hydrocar-
bons, polynuclear aromatic compounds and dibenzo-
furan in the order of ng/l were identified using a gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer system.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water analysis,
'Extraction, 'Carbon, Chemical analysis, Water pollu-
tion, Separation, Performance evaluation, Hydrocar-
bons, Gas Chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Reprints,
'Water pollution detection, *XAD resins, Furan/di-
benzo.
PB-289 656/1 PC A02/MF A01
Prediction of Environmental Pollutant Concentra-
tion. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. L Baughman, and R. R. Lassiter. 1978,22p EPA/
600/J-78/056
Pub. In Estimating the Hazard of Chemical Substances
in Aquatic Life. American Society for Testing and Ma-
terials Special Technical Publication No. 657, p35-54
1978. K
An accurate estimate of the environmental concentra-
tion of a chemical substance resulting from its manu-
facture, use, and disposal is essential to any organized
hazard assessment program. This estimate of dose
can then be used in combination with results from lab-
oratory-derived toxicity tests to assess the associated
574 Vol. 83, No. 26
risks to aquatic species. In following this approach,
one must consider what the environment does to the
pollutant rather than the reverse. Chemical transfor-
mations of a pollutant can take many routes, several of
the more significant being ionization as typified by
simple acid-base equilibria, hydrolysis, photolysis, mi-
crobial degradation, volatilization, and partitioning
(sorption). In general, first-order equations can be
used to estimate each of these reaction rates using ex-
pressions that involve a term for the aqueous concen-
tration and a function of some property of the environ-
ment such as pH, turbulence, or microbial population
size. These major processes are identifiable, experi-
mentally manageable, and can be arranged easily into
differential equations expressing the net rate of
change under given conditions. By specifying realistic
ranges of these environmental properties, an analysis
of pollutant changes can be carried out for a wide vari-
ety of aquatic environments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chemical compounds,
'Reaction kinetics, 'Water chemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Ionization, Hydrolysis,
Photolysis, Degradation, Sorption, Acid-base equilibri-
um, Vaporizing, Microorganisms, pH, 'Path of pollut-
ants, Reprints.
PB-289 657/9 PC A02/MF A01
Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Nitrifica-
tion In a Lotlc System. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. L. Malanchuk, R. R. Lassiter, H. W. Holm, H. P.
Kollig, and A. V. Quinlan. 1978, 6p EPA/600/J-78/066
Pub. in Microbiology-1978, p380-383 1978.
A study of nitrification in a flowing experimental eco-
system was used to test a simple mathematical model.
In the experiment, ammonia was introduced into the
channel under varying flow and mixing conditions. Dis-
solved 02 and C02, pH, and the inorganic nitrogen
series (total ammonia, NO2-, and NO3-) were meas-
ured. The model assumed first order kinetics for trans-
formation of the ammonia to N03-. Stoichiometric cou-
pling of nitrification was assumed. The model worked
better for higher flows and turbulence levels and it was
concluded that some of the simplifying assumptions
that were not met were important at the low flow condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Limnology, 'Mathematical
models, Reaction kinetics, Ammonia, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Ecosystems, Reprints.
PB-289 677/7 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Pretreatment of the Combined Industrial-Domes-
tic Waatewaters of Hagerstown, Maryland. Appen-
dix. Volume II. Final rept.,
Kappe Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD. Scientific Re-
search Div.
David S. Kappe. Apr 78,204p EPA/600/2-78/043B
See also Volume 1, PB-281 506.
The sewage treatment plant of the city of Hagerstown,
Maryland-a manufacturing city with about 130 industri-
al firms, which are classified in more than 25 different
product categories-receives for treatment domestic
sewage and a diversity of industrial waste and process
waters. Some of these industrial wastewaters exert
high immediate and ultimate oxygen demands that
could not be satisfied by the treatment plant. There-
fore, certain methods of 'pretreating1 the city's com-
bined wastewaters to render these waters more ame-
nable to treatment by the existing treatment plant were
tried and evaluated. The pretreatment methods tested
were intended to assist the plant in meeting the
oxygen demands by providing initial oxidation. The
methods were: diffuse aeration with and without the
addition of waste activated sludge, chlorination, addi-
tion of sodium nitrate, and the addition of potassium
permanganate. Ammoniation was also tried in an effort
to destroy some of the more noxious industrial materi-
als in the wastewaters. Both aeration and chlorination
proved to be effective methods of pretreatment, with
the efficacy of aeration being enhanced somewhat by
the addition of waste activated sludges. Both methods
increased the BODS removal efficiency of the plant
under dry-weather conditions from less than 70% to
better than 90%.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Urban areas, Performance evaluation, Oxida-
tion, Aeration, Sludge, Chlorination, Sodium nitrates,
Potassium permanganate, Ammonia, Efficiency, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Design, Sampling, pH, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Industrial wastes, Maryland,
'Pretreatment(Water), Hagerstown(Maryland), Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment.
PB-289 695/9 PC A04/MF A01
Handbook of Procedures, Construction Grants
Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works. Transmittal memo.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Dec 77, 71 p EPA/MCD-03.3, TM-78-1
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-257 263.
This Handbook contains revised pages for the Con-
struction Grants Handbook of Procedures. This repre-
sents the third in a series of transmittal memoranda.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, Construction, Handbooks, Instructions, Revi-
sions, Contracts, Policies, Requirements, Payment,
Improvement, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-289 696/7 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program, Supplement Number 5.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Mar 78,49p EPA/MCD-02.5
See also Supplement no. 4, PB-273 029.
This Handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives after the EPA Manual of References
(MCD-02) was published. This represents the fifth in a
series of program requirements memoranda.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities,
'Grants, Construction, Manuals, Regulations, Policies,
Handbooks, Instructions, Requirements, 'Sewage
treatment plants.
PB-289 727/0 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity. Final Report on the Black Creek Project.
Volume 3. Data Volume. Rept. for 1972-77,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, IN.
James B. Morrison. Oct 77, 280p EPA/905/9-77/007-
C
Grant G-005103
See also Volume 2, PB-281 952.
This is the data supporting the Final Technical Report
of the Black Creek sediment control project. This
project is to determine the environmental impact of
land use on water quality and has completed its four
and one half years of watershed activity. The project, is
an attempt to determine the role that agricultural pol-
lutants play in the degradation of water quality in the
Maumee River Basin and ultimately in Lake Erie.
Keywords: 'Erosion control, 'Sediments, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Black Creek, Land use, Hydrology, Soil properties,
Drainage, Meteorological data, Sampling, Alkalinity,
Conductivity, Turbidity, pH, Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Fishes, Insects, Indiana, Tables(Data), Illinois,
Maumee River Basin, Allen County(lndiana), 'Water
quality data.
PB-289 732/0 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Proceedings of the National Response Team Oil
Spill Scientific Response Workshop, New Eng-
land. Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
William G. Conner, and Philip U. Alkon. Oct 78,480p
EPA/600/7-78/196
Contract EPA-68-01-3188
This document presents the final results of a Work-
shop on oil spill ecological damage assessment held
at Hartford, Connecticut, during 28-31 August 1977.
The principal aim of the Workshop was to identify sci-
entific needs and capabilities to be incorporated into a
regional response plan for assessing the ecological
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
damage due to major oil spills. Results are organized
in terms of Workshop plenary sessions, meetings of 10
scientific and technical panels, and meetings of the
Workshop executive committee. A draft of this docu-
ment has been reviewed and revised according to
comments from Workshop coordinators and atten-
dees.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oil pollution, "Ecology,
"Environmental impact, "Meetings, Marine biology,
Aquatic microbiology, Aquatic animals, Histology, Pa-
thology, Chemical analysis, Toxicology, Litigation, "Oil
spills, Benthic biology, Histopathology, Socioeconomic
factors, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 758/5 PC A04/MF A01
Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board, Santurce.
Attainment and Maintenance of TSP (Total Sus-
pended Paniculate) Standards In Puerto Rico.
Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Oct 78, 72p EPA/902/4-78/004
Sponsored in part by Puerto Rico Environmental Qual-
ity Board, Santurce.
The recent Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 called
for the participation of local, state, and Federal air pol-
lution control officials to meet ambient air quality
standards as expeditiously as practicable. Several
areas in Puerto Rico have been designated as not at-
taining the total suspended particulate (TSP) ambient
air quality standard. The Clean Air Act requires that the
states prepare a revision to their original State Imple-
mentation Plans (SIPs) that were previously submitted
>n 1972, which will show attainment of the particulate
standards. As a result of this Congressional mandate,
an engineering analysis was conducted for the attain-
ment and maintenance of particulate levels in Puerto
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Puerto Rico, 'Stand-
ards, Particles, National government, Maintenance,
Sources, Forecasting, Inventories,
Concentration(Compositlon), Management planning,
Total suspended particles, *Air quality, Implementa-
tion air pollution planning program.
PB-289 761/9 PC A17/MF A01
American Meat Inst., Washington, DC.
Proceeding of the National Symposium on Food
Processing Wastes (9th) Held at Denver, Colorado
on March 29-31,1978.
«»dustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Corvallis, OR. Food and Wood Products Branch.
Aug76,378p' EPA/600/2-78/188
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-272 681. Sponsored
'" part by American Meat Inst., Washington, DC.,
Southeastern Poultry and Egg Association, Decatur,
«A., Pacific Egg and Poultry Association, Los Angeles,
^A., and Amencan Society of Agricultural Engineers,
St. Joseph, Ml.
The Proceedings contains copies of the 24 papers pre-
sented at the Ninth National Symposium on Food
Processing Wastes. Subjects included: processing
modifications, product and by-product recovery,
wastewater treatment, water recycle and water reuse
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rla, Manufacturing, Leaking, Monitoring, Inspection,
Fugitive emissions, Procedures.
PB-289 788/2 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Assessment: Transport of Sand and
Gravel. Final task rept. Aug 74-Sep 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. C. Ochsner, P. K. Chalekode, and T. R. Blackwood.
Oct 78,63p MRC-DA-721, EPA/600/2-78/004Y
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Sep 78, PB-288 497.
This report describes a study of atmospheric emis-
sions from the transport of sand and gravel on un-
paved roads. The potential environmental effect of this
emission source was evaluated using source severity,
defined as the ratio of the time-averaged maximum
ground level concentration of a pollutant at a repre-
sentative plant boundary to a hazard factor. The
hazard factor Is the ambient air quality standard for crl-
pollutants and an adjusted threshold limit value
terla i
for noncrlteria pollutants. A representative sand and
gravel plant processes 274 metric tons/hr, with ve-
hicular traffic of 22 vehlcles/hr. The average unpaved
road length of sand and gravel plants Is 2.2 Kilometers,
and each truck carries an average of 21 metric tons.
The uncontrolled paniculate emission factor for the In-
dustry due to vehicular movement Is 87 g/metrlc ton.
The source severities for partlculates and free silica-
containing partlculates are 0.02 and 2.9, respectively.
Some plants have effectively used certain control
measures, such as application of oil and chemical so-
lutions Into the road surface. Future control techniques
would consider the emission-Influencing factors of ve-
hicle speed, vehicle size, number of wheels, tire width,
particle size distribution, and road moisture content.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Sand, 'Gravel, 'As-
sessments, 'Cargo transport, Roads, Sources,
Concentratlon(Composition), Solutions, Oils, Chemi-
cals, Particles, Traffic, Technology, Forecasting,
Design criteria, Trends, 'Unpaved roads, State of the
art.
PB-289 789/0 PC A06/MF A01
Assessment of Health Effects of Benzene Ger-
mane to Low-Level Exposure. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 78,119p EPA/600/1 -78/061
The report on the health effects of benzene assesses
the teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and
hematopoietic effects from benzene germane to low
level exposure. Epidemiological data strongly Indicate
that benzene is a human leukemogen although no
animal models have been developed. This is one of
three documents which will be used by EPA's Office of
Air and Waste Management, and by the Administrator,
to determine what actions, if any, should be taken
against benzene under the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Toxicology, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Chromosomes, Exposure, Aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Carcinogens, Mutations, Congenital abnormali-
ties, Epidemiology, Humans, Hematopoietic system,
Physiological effects, Air pollution, Leukemia, Assess-
ments, Metabolism, Laboratory animals, Experimental
data, Environmental effects, Teratogenesis, Mutagen-
esls, Carcinogenesls, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Toxic substances, Pancytopenla, 'Occupational
safety and health.
PB-289 790/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Assessment of Potential Toxic Releases from
Leather Industry Dyeing Operations. Final rept.
Jun 77-Apr 78,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
S. B. Radding, J. L Jones, W. R. Mabey, D. H. Liu, and
N. Bohonos. Oct 78,75p EPA/800/2-78/215
Grant EPA-R-804642-01 -2
The study focused on the organic dyes released to the
environment In the wastewaters from leather dyeing
operations. Basically, three types of dyes-acid, basic,
and direct-are used, although the number of different
dyea are well over SO, and the number of formulations
used at a single tannery over the period of several
years can be greater than 100. Tannery wastewaters
are complex mixtures which for the most part are dis-
charged directly Into municipal sewers. The character
of this discharge will differ hourly depending on the op-
eration performed since tanning operations are batch
mode. Estimates based on Information from suppliers
and tanners were made of the probable discharge of
dyes In wastewater. The literature search revealed
little or no data on the fate of these dyes In the environ-
ment. From consideration of the physical and chemical
properties of the dyes, blosorptlon (complexlng with
protelnaceous material) appears to be the most likely
mechanism for removal of dyes In biological
wastewater treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Waste water, 'Dyes, 'Tan-
ning materials, Industries, Industrial water, Organic
compounds, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Assessments, water pollution, Characteristics, Envi-
ronments, Aquatic biology, Water pollution control,
'Toxic substances, Leather Industry, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Environmental health,
PB-289 799/9 PC A06/MF A01
Qreensboro-Qullford County, North Carolina •
Horsepen Creek Interceptor, EPA Project No.
C37036901. Draft environmental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 78,123p EPA/904/9-78/021
Prepared In cooperation with North Carolina Dept. of
Natural Resources and Community Development, Ra-
leigh.
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was pre-
pared In response to the proposed action of awarding
grant funds to Gullford County, North Carolina for the
purpose of developing a wastewater treatment system
to service the Horsepen Creek area. The EIS consists
of a description of the proposed action, the develop-
ment and evaluation of alternatives, a description of
the existing conditions in the area, the effects of the
proposed action upon the area, and suggested meas-
ures to mitlgatlve identified adverse impacts. The pro-
posed action will replace an existing system of seven
lift station and force mains with a new Interceptor line
and pump station designed to serve population without
providing extensive capacity for growth.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Sewage treatment, North Carolina, Sewers, Horse-
pen Creek, Lake Brandt, Water quality, Pumping sta-
tions, Force mains, Pipelines, Sanitary sewers, Inter-
ceptor sewers, Greensboro(North Carolina), Guilford
County(North Carolina), Water pollution control.
PB-289 804/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Quantification of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons In
Previously Collected Air Samples. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari. Oct 78,151p EPA/450/3-78/112
Selected Volatile' chlorinated hydrocarbons were
quantified in more than 250 ambient air samples from
28 U.S. cities representing 10 states. Examination of
the data reveals that their occurrence in the atmos-
phere may be regarded as either ubiquitous or site
specific. Some of the representative ubiquitous halo-
genated compounds are methylene chloride, chloro-
form, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-
dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, te-
trachloroethylene, dichlorobenzene isomers, and
methyl chloroform.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion, Sampling, Concentration(Composltlon), Sites,
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Air pollution detection.
PB-289 805/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Reuse of Treated Fruit Processing Wastewater In
a Cannery. Final rept. Oct 74-May 77,
Snokist Growers, Yakima, WA.
Larry A. Esvelt. Sep 78,128p EPA/600/2-78/203
Grant EPA-S-803280
Prepared in cooperation with Esvelt Environmental En-
gineering, Spokane, WA.
Reclamation of the biologically treated effluent by fil-
tration through mixed media pressure filters and disin-
fection with chlorine was Investigated for two process-
Ing seasons. The reclaimed water was put to several
trial uses: (a) initial product conveying, (b) equipment.
floor and gutter wash, (c) direct container cooling, and
(d) boiler feed. Steam generated from the reclaimed
water was used on a trial basis for equipment cleaning,
exhausting, cooking and blanching. No degradation of
the product was produced as a result of reclaimed
water use during these trial runs.
Keywords: 'Canneries, 'Activated sludge process,
'Food processing, 'Waste water reuse, 'Industrial
waste treatment, Apples, Peaches, Pears, Water recla-
mation, Feasibility, Filtration, Chlorlnatlon. Disinfec-
tion, Aeration, Clarification, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Monitoring, Performance evaluation,
Washlngton(State).
PB-289 806/2 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Select Research Group In Air Pollution Meteorol-
ogy. Annual progress rept, no. 3, Oct 74-Oct 76,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
R. A. Anthes, A. K. Blackadar, R. L. Kabel, J. L, Lumley,
and H. Tennekes. Aug 78,232p EPA/600/4-78/049
Grant EPA-R-800397
See also report dated Sep 74, PB-241 390.
Six Individual Investigators, who have conducted differ-
ent but related meteorological research, present In-
depth technical reviews of their work. Prime conclu-
sions are that (1) a scale analysis shows that different
models are necessary for meteorological processes
on urban, regional and global scales; (2) for high reso-
lution models of the nocturnal planetary boundary
layer, K theory models are very efficient, realistic and
useful; (3) the mixing height has a significant effect on
climatology models; (4) second moment closure meth-
ods are useful for convective situations, properly test-
ing counter gradient fluxes; (5) natural sources and
pollutants acting at the surface of the earth are Impor-
tant for air quality simulation models; and (6) a combi-
nation of conventional micrometeorological and
acoustic sounder techniques are sufficient for verifying
locally applied inversion use, box, and regional scale
models, and urban and regional models require a vari-
ety of in situ and remote observation.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Air pollution, Re-
views, Mathematical models, Air quality, Boundary
layer, Micrometeorology, Acoustic detection,
Wind(Meteorology), Atmospheric temperature, Tem-
perature inversions, Urban areas, Rural areas, Finite
difference theory, Atmospheric diffusion, Planetary
boundary layer.
PB-289 816/1 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Procedures for Quantitative Ecological Assess-
ments In Intertldal Environments. Final rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. School of Oceanog-
J8J. Gonor, and P. F. Kemp. Sep 78,113p EPA/600/3-
78/087
Grant EPA-R-805018-01
The report is an effort to assemble the best available
published procedures for quantitative ecological stud-
ies in marine Intertidal benthlc environments, applica-
ble to evaluating existing or potential pollution effects.
Considerable material on how to rigorously devise
sampling programs is included. Methods and proce-
dures recommended are synthetic and compiled from
a variety of sources. Guidelines are Intended for appli-
cation in marine Intertidal ecological impact assess-
ments, pre- and post-pollution baseline surveys and
long term monitoring programs intended for the detec-
tion and forecasting of potential and human impacts in
the Intertldal.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Intertldal zone, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Monitoring, Instructions, Environmental impacts,
Sampling, Randomization, Project planning, Design,
Substrates, Beaches, Shores, Gravel, Sands, Equip-
ment.
PB-289 817/9 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
576 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Health Eflacts Associated with Diesel Exhaust
Emission*, Literature Review and Evaluation,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Joseph Santodonato, Dipak Basu, and Philip Howard.
Nov78, 165p* EPA/600/1-78/063
Contract EPA-68-02-2800
Engineering tests have shown a significant improve-
ment in tuel economy in light duty vehicles equipped
With diesel engines versus those equipped with gaso-
line engines. Automobile manufacturers are consider-
ing a major program for conversion to diesel engines in
tne automobile fleet by 1985. Available studies show
rather large differences in emissions from diesel
engine exhausts as opposed to gasoline engine ex-
haust. Conversion of a major portion of the automobile
fleet to diesel engines may significantly change the
ambient concentrations of both regulated and unregu-
lated pollutants, and hence the potential human expo-
sure pattern. Such changes may impact upon public
health, and consequently require changes in air quality
standards, and/or new emissions or air quality stand-
arnlc Compounds In Organophosphorus Pestl-
SjH» Manufacturing Wastewaters. Final rept. Jun
frOe*77' H
JJ'Owest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
DA /arcus> J-
relli, and H. Miller. Sep 78, 143p
tract EPA-68-03-2343
'*lirninaty survey information on the organophos-
JUrT"* Pesticide industry wastewater streams and
rjjaivacai methods to monitor levels of organic com-
|2?™J* present in these streams are presented. The
^Bntificatlon and quantification of organophosphorus
rrnppunds was emphasized, but nonphosphorus
Jwrnicais were also included in the survey. A second-
UfiV,9. of the program was to use the survey informa-
""n to evaluate the efficiency of various waste treat-
ment processes. The wastewater from five pesticide
plants that produced eight organophosphorus pesti-
cides was sampled. The pesticides were diazlnon;
methyl parathion; azinphosmethyl and disulfoton; fon-
ofos, phosmet and bensulfide; and EPN. The 116 com-
pounds identified included organophosphorus pesti-
cides, related organophosphorus esters, organophos-
phorus acids, volatile organic compounds, thiocarba-
mate pesticides, triazine herbicides, and miscella-
neous extractable process chemicals, by-products,
and compounds of unknown origin.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, 'Chemical industry, 'water analysis, 'Organ-
ic compounds, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Laboratory equipment,
'Water pollution detection.
PB-289 857/5 PC A09/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards Listing Awards during October 1977-
March 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1978,196p EPA/GAD/1-78/03
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of October 1977 - March 1978, Fiscal
Year 1978, for research, demonstration, training, and
fellowship programs. A brief project description for
most of the research and demonstration grants admin-
istered by Headquarters is contained in Section Two,
arranged in ascending order of the Grant Identification
Number. A Grant Number Index is included to assist
cross-referencing into Section One material.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Water pollution, 'Grants, Research
projects, Education, Pesticides, Water supply, Thermal
pollution, Project planning, Describing, Universities,
indexes(Docu mentation).
PB-289 862/5 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Environmental Requirements and Pollution Toler-
ance of Plecoptera. Final rept.,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Biology.
Rebecca F. Surdick, and Arden R. Gaufin. Oct 78,
426p EPA/600/4-78/062
Grant EPA-R-803537-01
Environmental requirements associated with 363
North American species of the freshwater Insects of
the order Plecoptera (stoneflies) were investigated.
Profile forms on each species, representing a compila-
tion of information surveyed from selected published
sources, indicate the ranges of environmental condi-
tions under which the species has been found. Eco-
logical parameters considered include: pH, nutrients,
organic pollution, dissolved oxygen concentration,
temperature, turbidity, current and general and specific
habitats, seasonal emergence of adults, feeding be-
havior and geographical distribution. The report is de-
signed to be applicable to water quality investigations
and to provide a baseline from which further ecological
and systematic research Is encouraged. (Portions of
this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, 'Insects, Ecology,
•Water quality, Indicator species, pH, Nutrients, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Temperature, Turbidity, Animal
behavior, Toxic tolerances, Distribution(Property), Pro-
files, Bibliographies. Tables(Data), Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Bloindicators, Plecop-
tera, Habitats, Baseline studies, Stoneflies, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 866/8 PC A04/MF A01
United States-Union of Soviet Socialist Republic*
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
from Municipal and Industrial Sources.
USA/USSR Symposium on Recycling Water
Supply Systems and Reuse of Treated Water at
Industrial Plants (5th) Held In the Soviet Union at
the Moscow Headquarters of Qosstroy on Sep-
tember 12-13,1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Apr 78,64p
Sponsored under the auspices of the USA-USSR
Working Group on the Prevention of Water Pollution
from Municipal and Industrial Sources.
The fifth cooperative USA/USSR Symposium on the
Recycling Water Supply Systems and Reuse of Treat-
ed Water at Industrial Plants, was held in the Soviet
Union at the Moscow Headquarters of Gosstroy on
September 12 and 13, 1977. This Symposium was
conducted in accord with the fifth session of the Joint
USA/USSR Commission held in Moscow, USSR, from
November 15 through 19, 1976. The fourteen (14)
papers that were presented at the Symposium (seven
USA and seven USSR) are reprinted in English in this
volume in accordance with the protocol signed by the
delegation leaders on September 23, 1977. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Waste water reuse, 'Activated sludge process,
'Meetings, Circulation, Waste water, Petroleum indus-
try, Paper industry, Refineries, Sodium hydroxide, Sea
water, Desalting, Sulfur compounds, Organic acids, In-
organic salts, Iron and steel industry, Chlorination, Fil-
tration, USSR, United States.
PB-289 873/2 PC A22/MF A01
National Marine Fisheries Sen/ice, Gloucester, MA.
The Kepone Seminar II Held at the Tidewater Inn,
Easton, Maryland on September 19-21, 1977. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
K. K. Wu. 20 Sep 77,513p EPA/903/9-78/011
Sponsored in part by National Marine Fisheries Serv-
ice, Gloucester, MA.
The workshop was to provide technical basis for gov-
ernmental action on the Kepone contamination prob-
lem. It was concluded that investigators must find the
source of Kepone contamination, effects of Kepone on
biota, and the removal methods for Kepone. (Portions
of this document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, 'Toxicology, 'Meetings, Contamina-
tion, Sources, Residues, Chesapeake Bay, Monitors,
Removal, Sediments, Toxicity, Chemical analysis,
Concentratlon(Composition), Biphenyl, Hudson River,
Aquatic animals, Food chains, James River, Remote
sensing, Virginia, Feasibility studies, Biological effects,
'Kepone, Cyclobutapentalenone/decacnlorooctahy-
dro, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic sub-
stances, Bioaccumulation, Pesticide residues.
PB-289 874/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Oil Shale Mining and
Processing. Part I. Fishes of Plceance Creek,
Colorado, Prior to OH Shale Processing. Final rept.,
Colorado Div. of Wildlife, Fort Collins. Fisheries Re-
search Center.
John P. Goettl, Jr., and Jerry W. Edde. Oct 78,29p
EPA/600/3-78/096
Grant EPA-R-803950
The fish populations of Piceance Creek, Colorado,
were surveyed to establish preoperational conditions
prior to extensive oil shale processing in the region.
Data collected In this study have been compared to
data reported by earlier researchers. The mountain
sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus) and the speckled
dace (Rhlnichthys osculus) are the most abundant and
widespread fishes found in Piceance Creek. Numbers
of all species were not great; the largest number of fish
captured per 100 meters of stream was 76 individuals,
while the range for all other stations was 3-23 fish/100
m. Brook, brown, and rainbow trout (Salyelinus fontina-
lis, Salmo trutta, and Salmo gairdneri, respectively)
were most common in the upper reaches of Piceance
Creek and In its tributaries, Black Sulfur Creek and
Stewart Creek. Results of the survey indicate that
brook and brown trout are reproducing naturally in Pi-
ceance Creek but rainbow trout are doing poorly. Pos-
sible impacts of oil shale processing on the fish popu-
lations of Piceance Creek are suggested.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Mine waters, 'Fresh water
fishes, 'Animal ecology, 'Piceance Creek, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Surveys, Abundance, Trout,
Reproduct!on(Biology), Environmental Impacts,
Stream flow, Processing, Distribution(Property), Black
Sulfur Creek, Stewart Creek, Salinity, Colorado, Com-
parison, Water pollution, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Environmental effects, Catostomus
platyrhynchus, Rhinichthys osculus, Salvelinus fontin-
alis, Salmo trutla, Salmo galfdneri, Rainbow trout.
December 1983 577
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-289 875/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Carbon Monoxide Network Design Methodology-
Application In the Las Vegas Valley. Final rept,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
James L. McElroy, Joseph V. Behar, Leslie M. Dunn,
Mei-Kao Liu, and Terry N. Jerskey. Sep 78,109p EPA/
600/4-78/053
Contract EPA-68-03-2399
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-268 642.
An objective methodology that uses aerometric data
and a physically based air quality simulation model
was proposed in a previous report for the optimal siting
of air pollutant monitoring stations in urban areas. This
report describes the continuation of that work-the ap-
plication of the proposed methodology to the urban
Las Vegas area. The first part o1 this report contains an
examination of the validity of the Atmospheric Pollution
Simulation Model, a key component of the proposed
methodology. It also describes an intensive field meas-
urement program conducted to provide the necessary
data base. The second part describes the selection of
meteorological scenarios associated with high pollu-
tion potential in the Las Vegas Valley and presents the
results of the application of the siting methodology.
One of the principal features of this methodology is the
concept of a Figure of Merit for general air quality mon-
itoring. The Figure of Merit represents an average pol-
lutant concentration at each grid point as weighted by
the frequency of occurrence of meteorological scenar-
ios.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, Monitor-
ing, Methodology, Urban areas,
Concentration(Composition), Nemographs, Figure of
merit. Mathematical models, Las Vegas Valley,
Nevada, Atmospheric Pollution Simulation model, Las
Vegas(Nevada).
PB-289 877/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources-Iron and Steel Plants/Basic
Oxygen Furnaces,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Marvin Drabkin, and Richard Helfand. Nov 78,72p
MTR-7324, EPA/450/3-78-116
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart N - Iron and
Steel Plants/Basic Oxygen Furnaces. It includes a
summary of the current standards, the status of cur-
rent applicable control technology, and the ability of
plants to meet the current standards. No changes to
the existing standard are recommended, but EPA will
continue evaluation of fugitive emission controls for
BOPFs with a view toward incorporating fugitive emis-
sions under the scope of the standard at a later date.
Keywords: *lrpn and steel industry, "Furnaces,
'Standards, *Air pollution control, 'Reviews, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Regulations, Technology, Trends, Stationary
sources, Fugitive emissions, New Source Performance
Standards, Basic oxygen process furnaces.
PB-289 878/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification Effects on NOx Emis-
sions from Gas-, Oil-, and Coal-Fired Utility Boil-
ers. Final rept. Jul 76-Aug 78,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA. Energy and Re-
sources Div.
Owen W. Dykema. Dec 78,99p EPA/600/2-78/217
Grant EPA-R-803283-03
The report represents the conclusion of 4 years of
analysis of large quantities of emissions, operating
conditions, and boiler configuration data from full-
scale multiple-burner, electric-generating boilers firing
natural gas, oil, and coal fuels. The overall objective of
the study was to develop from this data: (1) further un-
derstanding of the effects of combustion modifications
on combustion, and the resulting effects on NOx emis-
sions; and (2) directly applicable guidelines for the ap-
plication of combustion modification techniques for the
control of NOx emissions in full-scale operating utility
boilers. The report includes: (1) discussion of modeling
techniques used to analyse the data; (2) conclusions
relative to the sources of NOx within the furnace; (3)
guidelines for NOx reduction; and (4) an example ap-
plication of the guidelines. Boiler firing types include
single-wall, opposed and tangential configurations.
The report concludes that NOx emissions are generat-
ed, in varying degrees, from conversion of fuel-bound
nitrogen (the predominant source), heterogeneous
combustion and mixing zone, second-stage mixing
zone, and active burner region. Maintaining very fuel-
rich initial combustion conditions, holding the initial
peak combustion temperature to <2050 K, and delay-
ing fuel gasification and mixing until the gas has been
cooled somewhat should reduce NOx emissions from
all four main sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Boilers, 'Electric power plants, Natural gas, Crude oil,
Coal, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Data analysis, Mathematical models.
PB-289 879/9 PC A02/MF A01
Particulate Measurement - Dilution Tunnel Stabili-
zation. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. Nov 78,6p LTDP-78-14
Particulate testing was conducted to determine the
number of hot-start UDDS (LA-4) cycles that must be
driven to stabilize a clean 18-inch diameter dilution
tunnel. The results of this investigation indicate that
valid paniculate measurements can be obtained with a
clean dilution tunnel; i.e., essentially no LA-4 cycles
are required to stabilize the dilution tunnel with respect
to particulate material. This conclusion is based on the
observation that slightly higher than average particu-
late levels (taken with stabilized tunnel) were meas-
ured during the first (actually first two) LA-4 test after
tunnel cleaning. If particulate material is being lost to
the dilution tunnel walls it is minimal and not significant
compared to normal test variability.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Stability,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions, 'Di-
lution tunnels.
PB-289 882/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Combus-
tion. Part I. The Fishes of Rosebud Creek, Mon-
tana. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
Allen A. Elser, and James C. Schreiber. Nov 78,46p
EPA/600/3-78/098
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also report dated Oct 78, PB-289 883. Sponsored
in part by Montana Fish and Game Dept., Miles City.
Prepared in cooperation with Montana State Univ.,
Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassy Lab.
Fish populations have been studied during 1975 and
1976 in Rosebud Creek, a prairie stream which flows
through the Fort Union Coal Basin in southeastern
Montana. The objective of this study was to collect fish
population data to determine any immediate effects,
and to act as a yardstick for assessing possible future
effects of accelerated activities of coalmining and coal
combustion in this region. Fishes were inventoried at
nine stations and included 21 species representing
nine families. The species composition and fish distri-
bution were representative of other streams in this
region. Game fishes included northern pike found
throughout the stream, brook trout which occurred in
the headwater areas, and sauger, walleye, channel
catfish, and turbot which were found near the conflu-
ence with the Yellowstone River. The most abundant
nongame species were white sucker and shorthead
redhorse. There was no apparent effect of either coal
mining or coal combustion activities on the distribution
of fishes in Rosebud Creek.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Animal
ecology, 'Rosebud Creek, Surveys, Inventories,
Distribution(Property), Catfishes, Abundance,
Reproduction(Biology), Seasonal variations, Montana,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Species diversity.
PB-289 883/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Surface
Mining. Part II: The Aquatic Macrolnvertebrates of
Trout Creek, Colorado. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
Steven P. Canton, and James V. Ward. Oct 78,73p
EPA/600/3-78/095
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also report dated Nov 78, PB-289 882. Prepared
in cooperation with Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Fisheries Bioassay Lab.
A study was conducted on Trout Creek in northwest-
ern Colorado to assess effects of coal mine drainage
on stream macroinvertebrates. Density and biomass
exhibited a general increase in the downstream direc-
tion throughout the study area and showed marked
seasonal variation. Aquatic insects comprised over
90% of the fauna with caddisflies (Trichoptera) pre-
dominating. Diversity did not vary significantly through-
out the study area. None of the parameters measured
showed any definite indication of stressed conditions
in the macroinvertebrate community during the study
period. Water quality was diminished primarily during
spring runoff and the invertebrates seemed able to
withstand this short period of water quality degrada-
tion.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Invertebrates, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, "Animal ecology, 'Trout Creek, Mine waters. In-
sects, Abundance, Biomass, Seasonal variations,
Drainage, Runoff, Water quality, Colorado, Trichop-
tera, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 885/6 PC A06/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Method for Characterization and Quantification
of Fugitive Lead Emissions from Secondary Lead
Smelters, Ferroalloy Plants and Gray Iron Found-
ries (Revised). Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
John M. Zoller, George A. Jutze, and Larry A. Elfers.
Aug 78,113p 3264-G, 3327-J, EPA/450/3-78/003
Contracts EPA-68-02-2515, EPA-68-02-2585
This report summarizes current information relative to
fugitive lead emissions from secondary lead smelters,
ferroalloy plants, and gray iron foundries. Also included
are an investigation of the application of fugitive lead
emission factors from other source categories to the
three subject industries, and a report on the applicabil-
ity of fugitive lead factors that could be developed from
a field study. Current state of the art techniques for
source measurements of fugitive emissions (i.e. in-
plant) and ambient measurements of fugitive emis-
sions (i.e. upwind/downwind) are presented and com-
pared. This report aids in determining if fietd studies
are worthwhile and recommends the types of studies
to be followed.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, Smelters,
Foundries, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Field tests, Sources, Sampling, Standards, Design cri-
teria, Process charting, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Emission
factors, 'Air quality, Indoor air pollution, State of the
art.
PB-289 901/1 PC A03/MF AOl
A Statistical Analysis of the Projected Perform-
ance of Multi-Unit Reactor Sites. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Byron M. Bunger, and Mary K. Barrick. Aug 76,38p
ORP/CSD-76-1
This report is a statistical analysis of the additivity of
doses from multiple-reactor sites. The problem is hy-
pothetical but bears directly on the question of how
many reactors can be located at a single site. The spe-
cific problem is to estimate the potential dose that
would result from a multi-reactor site. The assumption
is made that when two or more reactors occupy a site,
each reactor operates independently. The data used to
taken from operating reports of single unit reactors.
Separate analyses were done for pressurized and boil-
ing water reactors. Data for the pressurized water re-
actors shows concentrations of iodine-131 while the
data for the boiling water reactors shows readings of
noble gas releases. The main sections of the report
deal with Evaluation of Data; Method of Analysis; and
Example of Solution and Results.
578 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Nuclear power plants,
Concentration(Composition), Rare gases, Iodine 131,
Pressurized water reactors, Boiling water reactors,
Sites, Statistical analysis, 'Multiple reactor sites.
PB-289 906/0 PC A05/MF A01
Pish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
Habitat Requirements of Juvenile Colorado River
Squawflsh. Final rept.,
BIO/WEST, Inc., Logan, UT.
Paul B. Holder.. Dot 77, 81p FWS/OBS-77/65
Contract DI-1 4-1 6-009-77-050
Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-001 19. Spon-
sored in part by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Energy, Minerals and Indus-
try.
The report discusses the study of habitat use and
movement of the rare fishes in the Green River from
Jensen to Green River, Utah, in August and Septem-
ber of 1977. The study was conducted to determine
the habitat requirements to these rare fishes, primarily
young Coiorado Squawfish (Ptychocheilus luclus), as
evidenced by the habitats they use. The objectives of
the study were: (1) determine the physical and chemi-
cal parameters of habitats used by all sizes of rare
fishes, (2) determine whether spawning occurs in the
study area, and If so where the sites are located, (3)
determine the movements of the size (age) classes of
rare fishes encountered, (4) determine the fish species
associated with the study area, and (5) assess the rel-
ative importance of various river habitats to the rare
fishes.
Keywords: 'Animal ecology, 'Fresh water fishes,
Green River, Requirements, Temperature,
Reproduclion(Biology), Abundance, Turbidity, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Histograms, Sites, Animal mi-
grations, Water quality, Utah, Colorado, 'Habitats,
Ptychocheilus lucius, 'Endangered species, Gila
cypha, Gila elegans, Xyrauchen texanus.
PB-289 920/1 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: V. Cyanide. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Leigh E. Towill, John S. Drury, Brad L. Whitfield, Eric B.
Lewis, and Elizabeth L. Galyan. Oct 78, 206p* ORNL/
E'S-81 , EPA/600/ 1 -78/027
This is a review of the scientific literature on the bio-
logical and environmental effects of cyanide. Included
in the review are a general summary and a compre-
hensive discussion of the following topics as related to
cyanide and specific cyanide compounds: physical and
chemical properties; occurrence; synthesis and use;
analytical methodology; biological aspects in microor-
ganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals, and
nurnans; distribution, mobility, and persistence in the
environment; assessment of present and potential
nealth and environmental hazards; and review of
jjtandards and governmental regulations. More than
s°0 references are cited.
Keywords: 'Cyanides, 'Toxicology, Hazards, Chemi-
cal properties, Physical properties, Reviews, Nitrogen
inorganic compounds, Occurrence, Synthesis, Domes-
Jp animals, Soils, Physiological effects, Wildlife,
numans, Mobility, Standards, Regulations, Microor-
ganisms, Plants(Botany), Tables(Data), Air pollution,
water pollution, 'Environmental effects, 'Biological ef-
[Scts, Analytical methods, Environmental persistence,
Distribution, 'Toxic substances.
f8*8* 921/9 PC A08/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
f valuation o< Dry Sorbents and Fabric Filtration
or FQD (Flue Gas Oesulfurlzatlon). Final task rept.
.
, Inc., Durham, NC.
S J- Lutz, R. C. Christman, B. C. McCoy, S. W.
Mu lisan, and K. M. Slimak. Jan 79, 155p EPA/600/7-
'<*/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report gives results of a study to assess the use of
oaghouses (fabric filtration) to control air pollutant
fissions (particularly SOx) from large utility combus-
jwn sources. The assessment included sorbent costs,
""a system capital, operating, and disposal costs. SO2
would be removed by introducing powdered dry sor-
bent into the gas stream or by precoating the bagh-
ouse fabric with sorbent. The objective of the study
was to determine if the apparent economic advantage
exhibited by the concept would remain intact after in-
dependent third-party evaluation and if the economic
(and other) advantages are sufficiently large to warrant
further development of the process at field installa-
tions. The evaluation shows that the dry sorbent bagh-
ouse FGD process exhibits an economic advantage
when compared with current lime and limestone scrub-
bing technology when applied to Western power plants
burning low sulfur coal. Further demonstrations on the
pilot plant scale have been recommended, particularly
at high temperatures. The need for extensive user
(electric utility) commitment, in order to justify the con-
siderable capital investment needed to open a com-
mercial-scale sorbent (nahcolite) mine may represent
the greatest barrier to commercialization of the proc-
ess.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
oxides, 'Electric power plants, Flue gases, Assess-
ments, Air filters, Economics, Capitalized costs, Oper-
ating costs, Sorbents, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Adsorption, Sodium carbonates, 'Fabric filters, 'Bagh-
ouses.
PB-289 923/5 PC A10/MF A01
Hazardous Substances Summary and Full Devel-
opment Plan.
Interagency Regulator/ Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Dec78,224p*
Four Federal agencies have outlined cooperative
steps to curb the health and environmental threats
posed by a group of toxic substances. In this report,
OSHA, EPA, FDA, and CPSC describe the actions they
have taken or plan to take in order to protect workers
and the general public from disease and illness caused
by the unsafe manufacture, handling, and use of
twenty-four compounds. These compounds range
from the plastic material, acrylonitrile, to radiation to
toxic waste disposal. Acting under a year old coopera-
tive agreement which created the Interagency Regula-
tory Liaison Group (IRLG), the member agencies are
pooling their knowledge and resources to promote the
development of the most efficient health protection
programs with the least cost to the regulated indus-
tries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial medicine,
'Toxicology, 'Regulations, Diseases, National govern-
ment, Safety, Cooperation, Recommendations, Plans,
Development, Public health, Protection, Industrial hy-
giene. Costs, Industries, Programs, Agencies, 'Toxic
substances, Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
tration, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and
Drug Administration, Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, Illnesses, 'Occupational Safety and Health,
'Environmental health.
PB-289 924/3 PC A04/MF A01
A FORTRAN Program for Computing the Pollutant
Standards Index (PSI),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Wayne R. Ott. May 78,73p* EPA/600/4-78/001
This report gives full documentation and serves as a
user's manual for INDEX.PLOT, a Fortran computer
program designed to calculate the Pollutant Standards
Index (PSI). The PSI was proposed in the Federal Reg-
ister in September 1976 by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency as a nationally uniform air pollution index,
and is intended for use by State and local air pollution
control agencies under Section 319 of the Clean Air
Act. This computer program, which was originally de-
veloped to test the structure of PSI, has now been ex-
panded as a general purpose program which can com-
pute daily index values tor a month, a season, a year,
or longer. The program consists of 563 Fortran state-
ments and contains seven specialized subroutines. By
use of the subroutines, the main program: lists the raw
data, along with any data set labels; inventories miss-
ing values in the data set; plots a time series graph of
PSI values on the line printer; calculates statistics for
PSI (mean, standard deviation, range, coefficients of
skewness and kurtosis); and {
quency distribution of PSI values, along with cumula-
tive frequencies, on the line printer. A complete listing
of the program is given, along with sample outputs and
descriptions of each subroutine. This program can be
used for describing air quality trends, comparing data
from different monitoring stations, and developing en-
vironmental quality profiles. (Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Computer programs, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Carbon monoxide,
Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Statistical
analysis, Indexes(Ratios), Fortran, 'Pollutant stand-
ards index, Total suspended participates, IBM-360
computers, IBM-370 computers, INDEX.PLOT com-
puter program, Fortran 4 programming language, Air
quality.
PB-289 925/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Global Distribution of Selected Halocarbons, Hy-
drocarbons, SF6, and N20. Interim rept. Jul 77-Mar
78,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Hanwant B. Singh, L. J. Salas, H. Shigeishi, and E.
Scribner. Dec 78,81 p EPA/600/3-78/100
Grant R-8038020-02
Northern and Southern hemispheric distributions of
halogenated species, hydrocarbons, SF6, and N2O
are presented. The atmospheric growth rates of se-
lected halocarbons and N20 are characterized. The
fluorocarbon 11 and 12 global burden and hemispheric
distribution is consistent with the view that no signifi-
cant sinks in the troposphere exist. The north-south
gradients of fluorocarbon 11, 12,113, 114, CCI4, and
SF6 suggest rapid global mixing with an interhemis-
pheric exchange rate of about one year. Within each
hemisphere, these species are well mixed. N2O shows
the least variations around the globe. The global distri-
bution of CH3CCI3 is found to be complex and sug-
gests higher HO levels in the southern hemisphere
and around the equator, when compared to the north-
ern hemispheric HO levels. The global distribution of
CH3CI is almost uniform and a significant natural
source has been identified in the ocean. It is also
shown that large anthropogenic primary or secondary
sources of CH3CI and CCI4 exist. Species such as
CHCI3, CH2CI2, C2HCI3, and C2CI4 show very large
north-south gradients. The atmospheric growth of tlu-
orocarbons 11, 12, CH3CCI3, and CCI4 appear to be
consistent with tlje emissions of these constituents.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Hydrocar-
bons, 'Sulfur hexafluoride, 'Nitrogen oxide(N2O),
'Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Water analysis, At-
mospheric motion, Concentration(Cornposition), Tro-
posphere, Sampling, Trace elements, Sea water, Pa-
cific Ocean, Air pollution, Water pollution, Atmospheric
chemistry, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution
detection, Air water interface.
PB-289 934/2 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Altitude on Non-Controlled Evaporative
Emissions from Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Michael W. Leiferman. Jan 79,9p SDSB-79/01
This report in response to the renewed interest in con-
trol of evaporative emissions at high altitude, dis-
cusses the difference in non-controlled evaporative
emissions between locations near sea-level and those
in high altitude areas. Determination of this difference
in emissions will result in the identification of control
standards for high altitude which given similar percent
reductions as standards in effect for low altitude areas.
Mathematical models developed for the prediction of
evaporative losses are described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Motor vehicles, Altitude, Standards, Evapo-
ration, Sea level, 'Fugitive emissions, High altitudes.
PB-289 939/1 PC A03/MF A01
The Acute Toxlclty of Zinc to Rainbow and Brook
Trout. Comparisons In Hard and Soft Water,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Gary W. Holcombe, and Robert W. Andrew. Oct 78,
26p EPA/600/3-78/094
The means and ranges of the 96-hour LCSO's derived
from three tests were 0.55 (0.37 to 0,76) and 2.5 (1.9
to 3.0) mg Zn/liter for rainbow and 2.0 (1.6 to 2.4) and
December 1983 579
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
6.0 (5.0 to 7.0) mg Zn/liter for brook trout in soft and
hard water, respectively. Based on overall means,
brook trout were approximately 2.7 times more resist-
ant than rainbow trout. Zinc toxicity to both species in-
creased with increasing pH, and decreased with in-
creasing hardness and alkalinity.
Keywords: *Zinc, "Toxicology, 'Trout, "Fishes, Lethal
dosage, Metals, Fresh water fishes, pH, Experimental
data, Bioassay, Toxic tolerances, Comparison,
Tables(Data), Recommendations, Water pollution, Ex-
posure, Heavy metals, 'Toxic substances, Salmo
gairdneri, Salvelinus fontinalis, Rainbow trout, Brook
trout, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-289 940/9 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report-Chapman Low-Btu Gasifica-
tion. Final task rept. Sep 77-Sep 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Gordon C. Page. Oct 78,257p EPA/600/7-78/202
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report gives results of a source test and evaluation
of a commercial Chapman low-Btu gasification facility.
Objectives were to: characterize the multimedia waste
streams and potential fugitive emission and effluent
streams from the facility, evaluate the applicability of
Level 1 sampling and analytical methodology to such a
characterization, and evaluate the paniculate removal
efficiency of the product gas cyclone. All objectives
were met; however, Level 1 methodologies required
modification in order to do so. Chemical and biological
tests indicated that all multimedia waste and process
streams examined contained potentially harmful or-
ganic and/or inorganic materials; results were general-
ly confirmed by bioassay screening. The product gas
cyclone was approximately 60% effective in removing
paniculate matter from the raw product gas stream.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Coal gasification, Cyclone separators, Assess-
ments, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, water analysis,
Particles, Bioassay, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Methodology, Inorganic compounds, Organic
compounds, Trace elements, Waste water, Low btu
gas, Fugitive emissions, 'Solid wastes, Procedures,
Chapman process.
PB-289 941/7 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal-and Oil-Firing
In a Controlled Industrial Boiler. Volume II. Com-
parative Assessment. Final task rept. May 77-Jul 78,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. Leavitt, K. Arledge, C. Shin, R. Orsini, and W.
Hamersma. Aug 78,169p EPA/600/7-78/164B
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
See also Volume 1, PB-289 942.
A comparative multimedia assessment of coal firing
and oil firing in an industrial boiler was conducted. The
assessment consists of several parts. First, compre-
hensive emissions assessments of each fuel were
conducted. These comprehensive emissions assess-
ments were used to develop a comparative emissions
assessment. This assessment examines the differ-
ences in the quantities and character of the emissions
resulting from the combustion of each fuel. Compre-
hensive sampling and analysis of gaseous, liquid, and
solid emissions from the boiler and its control equip-
ment were conducted to identify criteria pollutants and
other species. The report consists of three volumes.
This volume, Volume II, presents the comparative as-
sessments. Included are a description of the test set-
ting, the comparative emissions assessment, and the
comparative environmental societal and energy
impact assessment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Boilers, "Assess-
ments, Fuel oil, Water pollution control, Air pollution
control, Industrial wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Coal, Com-
bustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide,
Particles, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Solid wastes.
PB-289 942/5 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal-and Oil-Firing
In a Controlled Industrial Boiler. Volume I. Execu-
tive Summary. Final task rept. May 77-Jul 78,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. Leavitt, K. Arledge, C. Shih, R. Orsini, and W.
Hammersma. Aug 78,28p EPA/600/7-78/164A
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
See also Volume 2, PB-289 941.
The report gives results of a comparative multimedia
assessment of coal versus oil firing in a controlled in-
dustrial boiler. Relative environmental, energy, eco-
nomic, and societal impacts were identified. Compre-
hensive sampling and analyses of gaseous, liquid, and
solid emissions from the boiler and its control equip-
ment were conducted to identify criteria pollutants and
other species. Major conclusions include: (1) While the
quantity of participates from oil firing is considerably
less than from coal firing, the particles are generally
smaller and more difficult to remove, and the concen-
tration of particulates in the treated flue gas from oil
firing exceeded that from coal firing. (2) NOx and CO
emissions during coal firing were about triple those
during oil firing. (3) Sulfate emissions from the boiler
during coal firing were about triple those during oil
firing; however, at the outlet of the control equipment,
sulfate concentrations were essentially identical. (4)
Most trace element emissions (except vanadium, cad-
mium, lead, cobalt, nickel, and copper) were higher
during coal firing. (5) Oil firing produces cadmium bur-
dens in vegetation approaching levels which are injuri-
ous to man; coal firing may produce molybdenum
levels which are injurious to cattle. (6) The assessment
generally supports the national energy plan for in-
creased use of coal by projecting that the environmen-
tal insult from controlled coal firing is not significantly
different from that from oil firing.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Boilers, "Assess-
ments, Comparison, Water pollution control, Air pollu-
tion control, Coal, Fuel oil, Economics, Particles, Nitro-
gen oxides, Carbon monoxide,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sulfates,
Trace elements, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Solid wastes.
PB-289 943/3 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of the Effects of Chlorinated
Seawater from Power Plants on Aquatic Orga-
nism*. Final task rept. May-Sep 78,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
R. Sung, D. Strehler, and C. Thome. Nov 78, 73p EPA/
600/7-78/221
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives a detailed review of past and present
research efforts on the effects of chlorinated seawater
from power plants on aquatic organisms. It includes:
(1) A characterization of chemical species contained in
power plant seawater discharges; (2) a review of the
amperometric titration method for residual chlorine de-
terminations in seawater; and (3) an analysis of the
toxicity of compounds formed by chlorination of
seawater. The review concluded that (1) the toxicity of
chlorinated seawater effluent is due primarily to var-
ious oxidant residuals produced by chlorination, rather
than to residual chlorine itself; (2) the amperometric ti-
tration method is adequate to determine safe oxidant
levels when identification of specific compounds is not
required; (3) bromoform is a principal contributor to
tuAiuiiy in puvvui ptaiu uiauiiaiutts vuwjausti 01 volatility
and degradability, bromoform is not expected to be as
toxic as chloroform); and (4) other compounds sus-
pected of causing toxicity have not been clearly identi-
fied.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Cooling
water, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals, 'Aquatic plants,
Water pollution. Electric power plants, Oxidizers, Bro-
moform, Volumetric analysis, Chlorine, Residues, Dis-
solved organic matter, Sea water, Organic com-
pounds, Chemical reactions. Water chemistry, Algae,
Invertebrates, Plankton, Fishes, Mortality, Reviews,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-289 945/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Statistical Analysis and Generation of Driving
Cycles from the St. Louis Heavy-Duty Chase-Car
Data,
Systems Control, Inc., Anaheim, CA. Environmental
Engineering Div.
Malcolm Smith. Apr 77,163p EPA/460/3-77/026
Contract EPA-68-03-2429
This report presents a summary and documentation of
the work performed under EPA Contract NO. 68-03-
2429 entitled 'Statistical Analysis and Generation of
Driving Cycles from the St. Louis Heavy-Duty Chase-
Car Data'. Program objectives were successfully met
with a statistical analysis of the driving patterns of 70
trucks and 5 buses, the development of driving cycles
representative of various categories of operational
data, and a comparison of the St. Louis and CAPE-21
data bases to help validate the assumption that the
CAPE-21 cities, New York City and Los Angeles, rep-
resent extremes in heavy-duty vehicle speed patterns.
Keywords: 'Buses, 'Trucks, 'Travel patterns, Missou-
ri, Statistical analysis, Distribution functions, Traffic
surveys, Urban transportation, Velocity measurement,
'Driving patterns, Saint Louis(Missouri), CAPE-21 data
base.
PB-289 946/6 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Fabric Filter Cost for Large Coal-Fired Steam
Generators. Final rept.,
Industrial Gas Cleaning Inst., Inc., Stamford, CT.
John Bruck, and N. D. Noe. Aug 77,22p EPA/450/3-
78/046
Contract EPA-68-02-2532
Capital and annualized costs are provided by vendors
for fabric filters used for particulate'emission control of
large coal-fired steam generators. Generator sizes of
200, 500, and 700 megawatts are considered at an
emission level of 14.3 nanograms per joule (0.033 Ibs/
million Btu) both equipment and turnkey costs are pro-
vided.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates, 'Air filters, 'Air pollution
control equipment, Dust filters, Filters, Fabrics, Boilers,
Fly ash, Pipes(Tubes), Valves, Coal, Specifications, Ef-
ficiency, Capitalized costs, Electric power plants,
'Fabric filters.
PB-289 947/4 PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
State of Geological Knowledge Regarding Poten-
tial Transport of Hloh-Level Radioactive Waste
from Deep Continental Repositories,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Bruno Glletti, Raymond Siever, John Handin, John
Lyons, and George Pinder. Jun 78,57p* EPA/520/4-
78/004
Contract EPA-68-01-4470
Prepared by Ad Hoc Panel of Earth Scientists.
The report contains an evaluation of the state of
knowledge in the earth sciences relevant to environ-
mental aspects of the disposal of high-level radioac-
tive wastes, by deep burial on the continents. A consid-
eration must be given a time scale of hundreds of thou-
sands to a few million years, but special attention must
be given to the dangers of leakage over shorter terms
up to a thousand years, when the levels of radioactivity
are highest. A basic problem in storage of radioactive
wastes stems from the addition of radioactive heat to
the normal geothermal temperatures at depths on the
order of 500 meters. Storage should be in an area that
is subject neither to frequent, high-energy earth
quakes nor to volcanic eruptions. A rock environment
is required that is sealable and has a minimal perme-
ability for fluids and radionuclides that might become
dissolved in them. The most suitable rocks seem to be
salt, shale, basalt, and certain granitic rocks, but some
anhydrite and impereable tuffs should be considered.
Keywords: Geologic processes, Geological surveys.
Leakage, 'Radioactive waste disposal, MJndergrouno
disposal, Salt deposits.
580 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-289 948/2 PC A09/MF A01
Lower Meramec River Basin Waatewater Treat-
ment Facilities, St. Loula, Missouri. Volume I. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VI I.
Dec 78, 195p EPA/907/9-78/004, EPA/7-MO-ST
LOUIS-ST LOUIS COUNTY-WWTP-7
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan St. Louis
Sewer District, MO., and Ryckman, Edgerley, Tomlin-
son and Associates, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
In consideration of this application and pursuant to
Section 102(2)(c) of the National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-190), EPA has prepared an envi-
ronmental impact statement (EIS) on the proposed
plan and its alternatives. The proposed plan is a re-
gional treatment system consisting of a single treat-
ment plant near the confluence of the Meramec and
Mississippi Rivers with secondary-level discharge to
the Mississippi, and a deep-rock tunnel trunk line. Al-
ternatives are: No action; and a sub-regional system
with nine treatment plants and tertiary-level discharge
to the Meramec. The study area includes both the St.
Louis and Jefferson County portions of the Meramec
River Basin and its watershed areas from Ellisville,
Missouri to the Mississippi River. (Color illustrations re-
produced in black and white)
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Construction, 'Envi-
ronmental impact statements-draft, 'Meramec River
Basin, Water quality, Terrain, Erosion, Noise pollution,
Recreational facilities, Sludge disposal, Comparison,
Ground water, Economic impacts, Air quality, Missouri,
Sewage treatment plants, Saint Louis
CountyfMissouri), Jefferson County(Missouri).
PB-289 959/9 PC A99/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
"UN-Increased Compression Ratio Engine Dem-
onstration (91),
txxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ.
products Research Div.
£atrick E. Godici, and Bernard J. Kraus. Oct 78, 624p
EPA/460/3-78/009
UMltract EPA-68-03-21 62
Jhis program was an experimental effort to evaluate
•everal methods of reducing the octane requirement
OT a 350 CID Chevrolet engine (1 975 California model).
squish and two spark plugs per cylinder did
e the expected gains in this particular appli-
n. Aluminum heads and a knock-actuated spark
control system were Identified as potential methods of
"*uucing octane requirement. The spark control
Jywem was Incorporated Into a vehicle emission con-
"J» system to enable the use ol higher compression
Jjjoo heads without substantial losses in emission con-
"01 and with a gain in fuel economy.
s: • Automobile engines, 'Internal combustion
u 8| 'Fuel consumption, Ignition systems, Spark
Compression ratio, Exhaust emissions, Air
on, Octane number, Motor vehlcles(1975
j"°°«s), Chevrolet automobiles, Chevrolet 350 CID
jj£8ines(1975), Research octane number, Spark con-
.
l Ecoaya-
PC AOS/MF A01
S"wonmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
,'"• Dynamics of an Estuary as a Natural EC
SJ"1- II. Final rept. 1 Mar 76-28 Feb 78,
S°""> Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
'w Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
ali-Vernberg, W. Kitchens, H. McKellar, K. Summers,
Q^JJ-Bonnell. Oct 78,88p EPA/600/3-78/092
|£ntEPA.R.804407-01
°e« also PB-271 357.
8ut«nr2Port d88cribe8 two separate but interrelated
^•utdies: an update of the macroecosystem model
North Inlet Estuary near Georgetown, SC and a
1 1 study of experimental salt-marsh microeco-
I he model is under development to help un-
_^*™ the interactions of various parts of a natural
jjer»y*terri. Tne principal objective of the study Is to
unite .P .u™1 .les1 reP'icate experimental salt-marsh
tor a. "e "I'croecosystem level as diagnostic tools
wwessing long- and short-term pollution effects on
^Parttna altemlflora salt-marsh community.
'•• 'North Inlet Estuary, "Ecology, 'Water pol-
Mathematical models, Aquatic plants, Aquatic
animals, Plankton, Intertidal zone, Marine microorgan-
isms, Invertebrates, Food chains, Primary biological
productivity, Fishes, Birds, Respiration, Biomass, Nu-
trients, Computer programming, South Carolina, Spar-
tina alterniflora, 'Salt marshes, Baseline studies.
PB-289 988/0 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Assessment ol Manufacturers Capability to Meet
Requirements for Particular Controls on Utility
and Industrial Boilers. Final rept..
Industrial Gas Cleaning Inst., Inc., Stamford, CT.
V. P. Patel. Feb 78,18p EPA/450/3-78/044
Contract EPA-68-02-2532
A survey of manufacturers of participate control equip-
ment was conducted to determine the industry's capa-
bility to meet the demand for control equipment re-
quired by a change in paniculate emission standards
for utility and industrial boilers. The report details the
numbers and sizes of fabric filters and electrostatic
precipitators that can be designed and installed in the
1978-1982, 1983-1987, 1988-1992 time spans. Atten-
tion was also given to factors which might prove to be
bottlenecks.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Boilers,
'Particles, 'Assessments, Air filters, Electrostatic pre-
cipitators, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Electric power plants, Manufacturing, Regulations,
Forecasting, Fabric filters.
PB-289 969/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Determination of the Slte(s) of Action of Selected
Pesticides by an Enzymatlc-lmmunoblologlcal Ap-
proach. Rept. for 15 Feb 75-14 Feb 78,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. Dept. of Bio-
chemistry.
Robert B. Koch. Oct 78, 40p EPA/600/3-78/093
Grant EPA-R-80345B
The report describes development of an antibody to an
organochlorlne pesticide to be used in studies related
to its Inhibition of the ATPase system, Kelevan, the
condensation product of ethyl levulinate and Kepone,
was successfully conjugated to bovine serum albumin
(BSA), flbrlnogen (BF), and gamma globulin (BGG).
Rabbits and chickens preimmunlzed with BSA and
then Immunized with BSA-Kelevan produced anti-
bodies to both the hapten, Kelevan, and the carrier
protein BSA. Antiserum to Kelevan protected ATPase
activity against Kepone and Its derivatives. The tlter of
antibody to Kelevan was critical since antiserum with
only trace amounts of Kelevan antibody failed to pro-
tect the ATPase activity against Kepone Inhibition.
Antibody was concentrated By Na2S04 fractional pre-
cipitation of the antiserum and obtained In pure form
by affinity chromatography using BGG-Kel covalently
linked to Sepharose 4B. Pure antibody was obtained
from untreated blood serum or plasma with no prior
pretreatment or fractlonation using the BGG-Kel affin-
ity column. Complete protection of mltochondrlal
mg2+ATPase activity from In vitro Inhibition of
Kepone was obtained using a 1.2 mg quantity of
na2S04 fractionated antibody and only 120 micro-
grams of pure antibody. Reversal of ATPase Inhibition
was readily obtained by addition of antibody prior to
addition of substrate to the reaction mixture.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Antibodies, Development,
Chlorine organic compounds, Inhibition, Recommen-
dations, Rabbits, Chickens, Laboratory animals, Anti-
gen antibody reactions, Enzymes, Insecticides, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Kelevan, Adenosine triphos-
phatase, Kepone, Immune serums, Methenocyclobu-
tapentalene levulinic acid/decachlorooctahydro-hy-
droxy-(ethyl-ester), Cyclobutapentalenone/decachlor-
ocatnydro.
PB-290 034/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Sampling Qeo-
thsrmal Effluents (2nd) held at Las Vegas, Nevada
on February 16-17,1977,
Geonomlcs, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Subir Sanyal, and Richard Weiss. Jun 78,256p EPA/
600/7-78/121
Contract EPA-68-03-2468
A partial listing of contents includes: The use of gas
sampling bags for the collection and storage of hydro-
thermal gases; Heavy metal emissions from geother-
mal power plants; The dynamic measurement of ambi-
ent airborne gases near geothermal areas; Analysis of
radon in geotnermal effluents; A review of the determi-
nation of hydrogen sulfide in air by the cadmium hy-
droxide-stractan colorimetrlc method-current practices
and modifications; Sampling and analysis of hot and
cold spring waters and associated rock and soil sam-
ples from potential geothermal resources areas in
North Central Nevada; A review of the chemical com-
position of geothermal effluents; Development of geo-
thermal gas sampling equipment; Techniques of pres-
sure and temperature measurement and sampling in
geothermal wells; Collection of chemical, isotope and
gas samples from geothermal wells; Geotnermal
downhole sampling instrumentation; Estimation of pol-
lutant characteristics from geochemical surface inves-
tigations; Borehole geophysical logging as comple-
ment to well effluent sampling; Use of radioactive trac-
ers in geothermal operations.
Keywords: 'Sampling, 'Meetings, Effluents, Air pollu-
tion, Metals, Radon, Rare gases, Hydrogen sulfide,
Brines, Temperature measurement, Pressure, Gas
analysis, Gas sampling, Well logging, Trace elements,
Chemical composition, Chemical analysis, Equipment,
Instrumentation, 'Geothermal fluids, Heavy metals,
Hot-dry-rock systems.
PB-290 036/3 PC A02/MF A01
Interaction of Chemical Pollutants and Virus In a
Crustacean: A Novel Bloassay System. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
John A. Couch, and Lee Courtney. 1977,11 p EPA/
600/J-77/140, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-300
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v298p497-504,29Sep77.
Pathogen-host Interactions were investigated with a
simple 'host-pathogen-interaction' system, using as
tentative criteria of interaction: increase in viral preva-
lence, increase in infection intensity, increase in mor-
tality, and enhanced cyptopathlc effects in exposed-in-
fected shrimp as compared to control-infected shrimp.
A large group of shrimp, 23.3 percent of which had
light patent Baculovlrus Infections, was divided equally
Into two groups. One group was exposed to the chemi-
cal stressor Aroclor 1254 at 0.7 parts per billion for 35
days In flowing seawater. The other group was main-
tained as control In flowing seawater. Viral prevalence
in exposed shrimp samples increased with time at a
significantly greater rate than in control shrimp. Viral
prevalence In Aroclor-exposed shrimp survivors was
75 percent after 35 days, whereas only 45.7 percent of
control shrimp had patent viral infections. This finding
suggests an Interaction among the chemical stressor
{Aroclor 1254), host, and virus. Nature or mechanism
of the interaction has not been defined, but the shrimp-
virus system shows promise for future bioassays to de-
termine Influence of low concentrations of pollutai
on natural pathogen-host interactions.
i of pollutants
Keywords: 'Shrimps, 'Viruses, 'Toxicology, Interac-
tions, Crustacea, Bloassay, Exposure, Experimental
data, Tolerances(Pnyslology),
ConcentrationtComposltlon), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, Aroclor 1254, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxic substances, Infections, Bacu-
loviruses, Biphenyl/chloro, Insect viruses, Host patho-
gen relations.
PB-290 037/1 PC A02/MF A01
Effscts of DOWICIDE (Trade Name) Q-ST on De-
velopment of Experimental Estuarlne Macro-
benthle Communities. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, and M. Tobia. 1978,9p EPA/
600/J-78/077, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-352
Pub. In Pentachlorophenol, p157-163, 1978. Plenum
Publishing Corp., 227 W. 17th St., New York, NY.
Aquaria containing clean sand received a continuous
supply of flowing seawater from Santa Rosa Sound,
Florida, mixed with known quantities of Dowicide G-
ST(79% sodium pentachlorophenate) for thirteen
weeks. The measured concentrations of pentachloro-
phenol (PCP) in the aquaria were 1.6, 15.8, and 161
mlcrograms/l. At the end of the experiment, macro-
fauna established In control and experimental aquaria
December 1983 581
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was examined. Mollusks, arthropods and annelids
were numerically dominant among the macrofauna. Al-
though exposure to 1.8 micrograms PCP/I had no
effect, the higher concentrations of POP caused
marked reduction in the numbers of individuals and
species. Mollusks were the most sensitive taxonomic
group to PCP. These results and previous studies on
the effects of a nine-week exposure to PCP on the es-
tablishment of macrobenthic communities indicate
that discharge of POP into natural waters could alter
the normal colonization by benthic animals and could
impact various ecological relationships among local-
ized populations.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Biocides, 'Benthos, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Exposure, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Sodium organic com-
pounds, Santa Rosa Sound, Annelida, Environmental
impacts, Abundance, Molluscs, Arthropods, Florida,
Tables(Data), Experimental data, Growth, 'Plankton,
'Dowicide, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Phenol/
pentachloro-(sodium-salt), 'Toxic substances.
PB-290 038/9 PC A02/MF A01
Persistence of Aroclor (Trade Name) 1254 in a
Contaminated Estuary. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Alfred J. Wilson, and Jerrold Forester. 1978,6p EPA/
600/J-78/068, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-339
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., v19 p637-640,
1978.
The brief report summarizes the concentrations of
PCB's in oyster tissue (Crassostrea virginica) observed
from April 1939 to June 1976 at three locations in the
Escambia Bay estuary, following elimination of an acci-
dental leak of Aroclor 1254 from an industrial site. Data
showed that PCB's in oyster tissues decreased after
the leak was eliminated, but a steady-state concentra-
tion was reached. No Aroclor 1254 was detectable in
water at stations sampled, but sediments were found
to contain relatively low amounts (>0.31 ppm) in 1970
and 1971. The study demonstrates the persistence of
PCB's long after point-source discharges are eliminat-
ed.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Water
pollution, 'Escambia Bay, Sampling, Contamination,
Tlssues(Biology), Concentration(Composition), Bio-
assay, Sediments, Invertebrates, Biphenyl, Chlorine
organic compounds, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Florida,
Estuaries, Shellfish, 'Environmental persistence, Re-
prints, 'Biphenyl/chloro, Pol/chlorinated biphenyl,
•Pesticide residues, 'Aroclor 1254, Bioaccumulation,
Crassostrea virginica, Point sources.
PB-290 039/7 PC A02/MF A01
The Acute and Chronic Effects of Cadmium on
the Estuarlne Mysld, 'Mysldopsls bahla'. Journal
article (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
D. R. Nimmo, R. A. Rigby, L. H. Bahner, and J. M.
Sheppard. 1978,8p EPA/600/ J-78/071, GULF
BREEZE CONTRIB-287
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 0007-4861 /
78/0019-0080, p80-85,1978.
Mysids, small shrimp-like Crustacea, are used as prac-
tical bioassay animals for investigating the effects of
cadmium in seawater. In laboratory tests, the mysid
(Mysidopsis bahia) was more sensitive to cadmium
than other crustaceans tested. LC50 values were 15.5
micrograms/l within 96 hours and 11.3 micrograms/l
during a 17-day life cycle; LCSO's for other selected
crustaceans were between 120 and 720 micrograms/l.
Results of life-cycle bioassays with mysids can aid In
establishing water quality criteria for marine and es-
tuarine organisms.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Cadmium, 'Indicator species,
'Toxicology, Bioassay, Sensitivity, Toxic tolerances,
Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition), Criteria,
Estuaries, Plankton, Experimental data, Tables(Data),
Reprints, Mysidopsis bahia, Bioindicators, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-290 040/5 PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of a Llgnosulfonate-Type Drilling Mud on
Development of Experimental Estuarlne Macro-
benthic Communities. Final rent.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, H. K. Lehman, and J. L.
Oglesby. 1978,10p EPA/600/J-78/069, CONTRIB-
370
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v2 n1 p35-42 Jun 78.
Prepared in cooperation with University of West Flor-
ida, Pensacola. Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics.
Drilling mud, as used in exploratory drilling for oil off-
shore, affected the composition of estuarine communi-
ties that developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria
containing sand and flowing estuarine water. Aquaria
contained: sand only; a mixture (by volume) of 1 part
mud and 10 parts sand; 1 part mud and 5 parts sand;
or sand covered by 0.2 cm mud. For all environments,
annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and coelenterates
were the numerically dominant phyla collected in a 1
mm mesh sieve after eight weeks exposure; a total of
1,025 animals, representing 45 species, was collected.
Annelids and coelenterates were significantly fewer in
aquaria containing drilling mud than in the control
aquaria. Arthropods were significantly affected only by
mud cover over sand; mollusks also were diminished
in this environment, but not significantly. Exposure to
concentrations of drilling mud reduced not only the
number of individuals, but also the frequency of occur-
rence of macrobenthic species.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Drilling fluids, 'Benthos, 'Es-
tuaries, Animal ecology, Offshore drilling, Larvae, An-
nelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Coelenterata, Exposure,
Lignin, Sulfonates, Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Tests, Water pollution, Experimental data, Bioassay,
Concentration(Composition), Toxic substances, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-290 049/6 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Kepone on Estuarlne Microorganisms.
Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A. W. Bourguln, P. H. Pritchard, and W. R. Mahaffey.
1978,11pEPA/600/J-78/075
Pub. in Development in Industrial Microbiology, v19
P489-4971978.
Low concentration of the insecticide Kepone, ap-
proaching those found in contaminated James River
sediment, were shown to be inhibitory to the growth
and oxygen uptake of microorganisms randomly se-
lected from estuarine environments. No significant
correlations were noted between growth inhibition by
Kepone and cell morphology, aliphatic hydrocarbon
utilization, pesticide tolerance, selected enzyme activi-
ties, nitrate reduction, and urea hydrolysis. Oxygen
uptake by pure cultures grown on glucose or hydrocar-
bons at cell densities equivalent to 1,000-10,000 cells/
ml was decreased by 60-100% at Kepone concentra-
tion of 0.02-2.0 mg/liter. Total viable counts from es-
tuarine water or sediments grown aerobically on agar
media containing 0.02 mg/liter Kepone were reduced
by 8-78%. The inhibitory effect was eliminated partially
when sediment populations were grown anaerobically.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Chlorine organic compounds, Estuaries, Microorgan-
isms, Growth, Concentration(Composition), Inhibitors,
Sediments, Toxic tolerances, CellsfBiology), Morphol-
ogy, Experimental data, 'Kepone, Cyclobutapentalen-
one/decachlorooctahydro, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Oxygen uptake, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-290 072/8 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Heptachlor and Toxaphene on Labora-
tory-Reared Embryos and Fry of the Sheepshead
Minnow. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Larry R. Goodman, David J. Hansen, John A. Couch,
and Jerrold Forester. 1976,13p EPA/600/J-76/086,
CONTRIB-297
Pub. in Southeastern Association of Game and Fish
Commissioners Annual Conference (30th), p 192-202
1976.
Flow-through seawater bioassays of 28-days duration
were conducted with the organochlorine pesticides
heptachlor and toxaphene to determine their toxicity to
and bioconcentration by embryos and fry of the
Sheepshead minnow (Cyprlndon varlegatus). At tech-
nical heptachlor measured concentrations of 4.3, 3.5,
2.2, 2.0, and 1.2 micrograms/l (ppb), test animal sur-
vival was 1, 5, 61, 79, and 88%, respectively. At toxa-
phene measured concentrations of 2.5, 1.1, 0.6, 0.3,
and 0.2 micrograms/l, test animal survival was 10,85,
79, 88, and 80% respectively. Average standard
length of fry continuously exposed from fertilization to
heptachlor concentrations of 4.3 and 3.5 micrograms/l
was significantly reduced. Concentration factors (con-
centration in fish/measured concentration in water) for
heptachlor averaged 3,600 and for transchlordane av-
eraged 8,600. Heptachlor epoxide and cis-chordane
were also present in the fish. Concentration factors for
toxaphene in fry averaged 9,800. Various histopatholo-
gical characteristics not seen in control fish were ob-
served in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine of
the few fish that survived 4.3 and 3.5 micrograms/l of
heptachlor.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Heptachlor, 'Insecticides,
'Toxicology, 'Minnows, 'Fishes, Chlorine organic
compounds, Bioassay, Camphene,
Concentration(Composition), Histology, Pathology,
Larvae, 'Toxaphene, Methanoindene/heptachloro-te-
trahydro, 'Toxic substances, Bioaccumulation, *Cy-
prinodon variegatus, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Histopathology, Reprints.
PB-290 073/6 PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Related Com-
pounds to Early Life Stages of Selected Estuarlne
Animals. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Patrick W. Borthwick, and Steven C. Schimmel. 1978,
8p EPA/600/J-78/076, CONTRIB-343
Pub. in Pentachlorophenol, p141-1461978.
Newly hatched individuals of four estuarine species
were exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP), sodium
pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP), or Dowicide G
(79%Na-PCP), in static toxicity tests. The 96-hour
LC50 values for Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon var-
iegatus) fry exposed to PCP at ages 1-day, 2-week, 4-
week, and 6-week were 329,392, 240, and 223 micro-
grams/I, respectively. The 96-hour LC50 value for 2-
week-old fry exposed to Dowicide G was 516 micro-
grams/I. The larvae (48-hour post hatch) of pinfish, La-
godon rhomboides, were particularly sensitive to Na-
PCP (96-hour LC50:38 micrograms/l) and Dowicide
G(96-hour LC50:66 micrograms/l). For 24-hour-old
grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) larvae exposed to
NA-PCP the 96-hour LC50 was 649 micrograms/l.
NaPCP caused abnormal development of eastern
oyster (Crassostrea virginica) embryos, the 48-hour
EC50 being 40 micrograms/l.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides,
Chlorine organic compounds, Estuaries,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Exposure,
Toxicity, Minnows, Larvae, Sensitivity, Toxic toler-
ances, Shrimps, Oysters, Fishes, Lethal dosage,
'Dowicide, Phenol/pentachloro-(sodium-salt), 'Toxic
substances, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Cyprin-
odon variegatus, 'Phenol/pentachloro, 'Sodium pen-
tachlorophenate, Crassostrea virginica, Reprints, Pa-
laemonetes pugio, Lagodon rhomboides.
PB-290 074/4 PC A02/MF A01
Seasonal Chronic Toxicity of Chlorlnatlon to the
American Oyster, 'Crassostrea virginica' (G). Jour-
nal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Geoffrey I. Scott, and Douglas P. Middaugh. 1978,21 p
EPA/600/J-78/074, CONTRIB-360
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v2 p311 -328 1978. Also pub. as South
Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst. for
Marine Biology and Coastal Research, Contrib-191.
Lethal and sublethal effects of Chlorination to adult
oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were observed during
chronic exposures on a seasonal basis. Results show
that chronic exposures of oysters to chlorine-produced
oxidants (CPO's) can produce mortality at high con-
centrations and severe sublethal effects at lower
levels. Toxicity varies from season to season and is re-
lated to seasonal changes in measured CPO concen-
trations, temperature, and the physiological condition
of the oyster. Sublethal effects appear to be related to
reductions in feeding and increased avoidance of
CPO's. This results in reduced tissue production, caus-
ing severe reductions in the size of gonadal tissues
and increased dependence in glycogen reserves
during exposures to CPO's.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorination,
'Chlorine, Shellfish, Exposures, Seasonal variations,
Bioassay, Concentration(Composition), Temperature,
Halogens, Physiological effects, Invertebrates,
582 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jables(Data), *Toxic substances, Crassostrea virgin-
ica, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-290 075/1 PC A03/MF A01
Diseases, Parasites, and Toxic Responses of
Commercial Penaeld Shrimps of the Gulf of
Mexico and South Atlantic Coasts of North Amer-
ica.. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
John A. Couch. May 77, 46p EPA/600/J-78/072,
CONTRIB-283
Pub. in Fishery Bulletin, v76 n1 p1 -44 1 978.
A reference work and review of both infectious and
npninfectious diseases of commercial penaeid
shrimps of the Gulf and South Atlantic region of the
United States is presented. Disease is second only to
Pfedation and periodic physical catastrophes In limiting
numbers of penaeid shrimps in nature and second only
to nutritional and reproductive requirements in limiting
aquacultural successes with penaeid shrimps. Nonin-
'ectious disease agents in penaeid shrimps are chemi-
cal pollutants, heavy metals, and environmental
stresses. Organochlorine, organophosphate, and car-
oarnate pesticides all have adverse effects in pen-
aeids. Fractions of petroleum, particularly the naphtha-
wes are very toxic to shrimp. Little other work has
°e«n done on the effects of petroleum on penaeid
srmmps. Cadmium causes black gills in shrimp by kill-
In9 gill cells. Mercury is accumulated by penaeids and
"jay interfere with their osmoregulatory abilities. Many
chemotherapeutic chemicals used routinely in treat-
ment of fish diseases are toxic to shrimp at certain de-
wrmined concentrations. Spontaneous pathoses
jpund are a benign tumor, muscle necrosis, and gas
Bubble disease. Shell disease is discussed from points
« view of possible causes. A syndrome of broken
oacks is reported in penaeid shrimps for the first time.
™i overview is presented for general needs in penaeid
shrimp health research.
Keywords: 'Diseases, "Parasites, 'Shrimps, Viruses,
fungi, Reviews, Pesticides, Crude oil, Cadmium,
Mercury(Metal), Protozoa, Nematodes, Mortality, In-
jectious diseases, Shellfish, Aquaculture, 'Toxicology,
Metals, Reprints, South Atlantic RegionfUnited
states), 'foxic substances, 'Water pollution
wtects(Animals), Penaeus.
tlf"?9,0 07e/9 pc AOZ'MF A01
y~x'C"y of Chlorine to Juvenile Spot, Lelostomus
*«Mnuru«. Journal article (Final),
environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
"• P- Middaugh, A. M. Crane, and J. A. Couch. 1 5 Jun
'7, 10p EPA/600/ J-78/080
f'ub. m Water Research vt 1 p1 089-1 086 1977.
The sensitivity of juvenile spot, Leiostomus xanthurus,
™ total residual chlorine (TRC) in flowing sea-water
was investigated. Incipient LC50 bioassays, histopath-
°'°Qy, avoidance tests and the combined effect of
"Tarrnal stress and TRC were used to assess sensitiv-
!t Estimated incipient LC50 values were 0.12 mg/l
n-tt, at 100 and 0.06 mg/l TRC at 15C. Histological
examination of spot used in the incipient LC50 bio-
"Baay at 1 5C and sacrificed while alive indicated pseu-
"°oranch and gill damage occurred in individuals ex-
g^fd to a measured TRC concentration of 1.57 mg/l.
gPot exposed to lower concentrations of TRC, 0.02-
"•uts mg/| at 15C and sacrificed alive showed no con-
r"°ient tissue damage. Simultaneous exposure of spot
£ jpermal stress (5, 10 or 13C above the acclimation
',m.P?rature of 15C) at measured TRC concentrations
nL£-°5-0.07 and 0.34-0.52 mg/l demonstrated a sig-
nfflcant, (X2 with Yates correction, P < 0.05) increase
a JJfWitMty to TRC with increased temperature and
°*posure times for some of the groups tested.
Bywords: 'Fishes, 'Chlorine, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
^oncentrationJComposition), Sensitivity, Temperature,
-
• , , fBlology), Toxic toler-
!["*», Water pollution, Lethal dosage, Tables(Data),
•hr "» stomus xanthurus, Spot fiah, 'Toxic substances,
oiotrv po"ulion affects(Animals), Reprints, Histopath-
7/7 PC A02/MF A01
Lin!i ntlflcatlon of Tr"™ Previously Unreported
cl" * M»t"bollte» from Mammals. Journal artl-
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Robert W. Chadwick, Joseph J. Freal, G. Wayne
Sovocool, Charles C. Bryden, and M. Frank Copeland.
19 May 78,10p EPA/600/J-78/083
Pub. in Chemosphere, n8 D633-640 1978.
Previously unreported metabolites from the urine of
rats treated with lindane have been identified as con-
figurational isomers of 2, 4, 5, 6- and 2,3, 4, 6-tetrach-
loro-2-cyclohexen-1-o1. In addition, an intermediate
metabolite from the incubation of lindane with liver
preparations, under N2, has been identified as the
configurational isomer gamma-3, 4,5,6-tetrachlorocy-
clohex-1-ene. The pathways leading to these metabo-
lites appear to have an important role in the metabo-
lism of lindane by mammals.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, Mammals, Me-
tabolism, Chemical analysis, Identifying, Urine, Isola-
tion, Characteristics, Liver, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Tables(Data), Diets,
Ingestion(Biology), 'Metabolites, 'Lindane, Cyclohex-
ane/hexachloro, Reprints.
PB-290 084/3 PC A02/MF AOt
Occurrence of 'Esox nlger' In Santa ROM Sound,
Florida. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Larry R. Goodman. 1977,4p EPA/600/J-77/141,
CONTRIB-282
Pub. in Florida Scientist, v40 n4 p392 1977.
This is the first report of Esox niger collected from the
normally saline portion of the lower Pensacola estuary.
A 109 mm standard length chain pickerel was seined
on 7 August 1975 from Santa Rosa Sound, in Santa
Rosa County, Florida, from Thalassia beds about 300
m W. of the N. end of State Highway 399 bridge. The
specimen is in the Environmental Research Labora-
tory Museum as catalog No. GBERL-1914.
Keywords: 'Santa Rosa Sound, 'Fresh water fishes,
Florida, Occurrence, Pensacola Estuary, Reprints,
'Esox niger, Chain pickeral.
PB-290 085/0 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Prehatch and Posthatch Exposure
to Cadmium on Salinity Tolerance of Larval Qrass
Shrimp, 'Palaemonetes puglo'. Journal article
(Final);
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Douglas P. Middaugh, and Genie Floyd. 1978,5p
EPA/600/J-78/079
Pub. in Estuaries, v1 n2 p123-125 Jun 78.
Groups of embryonic grass shrimp, Palaemonetes
pugio, were exposed to 0.1 and 0.3 mg/l cadmium at
30 ppt salinity and 25C for the last 1,4, or 8 days prior
to hatching. Other groups of embryos were cultured in
uncontammated seawater. Prehatch exposure to cad-
mium was found to have no additive effect on the sen-
sitivity of the larvae to cadmium exposure and salinity
stress for 14 days after hatching. Only one group of
larvae, exposed to 0.1 mg/l cadmium for 4 days before
hatching and transfer reef to 10 ppt salinity water con-
taining 0.1 mg/l cadmium after hatching, snowed a sig-
nificant decrease in survival, compared to control sur-
vival. No significant decreases in survival were ob-
served for any larvae transferred to 15 and 30 ppt sa-
linity at a ore- and posthatch cadmium concentration
of 0.1 mg/l. At a pre- and posthatch cadmium concen-
tration of 0.3 mg/l, significant decreases in survival
were observed for all of the larvae transferred to 10
and 15 ppt salinity after hatching. Significant de-
creases in survival were observed for only 2 of the
groups exposed before hatching and transferred to 30
ppt salinity and 0.3 mg/l cadmium after hatching.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Salinity, 'Shrimps, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Tolerances(Physlology), Exposure,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Embryos, Larvae, Ex-
perimental data, Sensitivity, Bioassay, Lethal dosage,
Survival, Stress(Physiology), 'Palaemonetes puglo,
Grass shrimp, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB-290 088/4 PC A02/MF A01
A Micro Derivatlzitlon Technique for the Confir-
mation of Trace Quantities of Kepone. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert F. Moseman, M. Keith Ward, Howard L. Crist,
and Robert D. Zehr. 26 Jan 78,5p EPA/600/ J-78/085
Pub. In Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v26 n4
P965-968 1978.
A rapid and simple procedure has been devised for the
confirmation of nanogram quantities of Kepone that is
sensitive to part per billion levels in environmental and
biological samples. Electron-capture gas chromatog-
raphy of the perchlorinated derivative enabled confir-
mation often not possible by other techniques such as
gas chromatography combined with mass spectrom-
etry. Conversion of Kepone to mirex was accom-
plished by a high-temperature closed-tube reaction.
Mirex that might have been present in the original
sample extract was separated from Kepone by a micro
Florisil column cleanup step. The absence of mirex In
cleaned-up sample extracts was verified during the
electron-capture gas chromatographic quantitation for
Kepone. The conversion of Kepone to mirex was
quantitative, allowing for the estimation of Kepone by a
separate technique. Thus, considerable confidence is
added to analytical results. Details of the methodology
and results obtained are discussed.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Chemical analysis, "Trace
elements, Chlorine organic compounds, Residues,
Samples, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Method-
ology, 'Kepone, Cyclobutapentalenone/decachlor-
ooctahydro, Electron capture gas chromatography,
Mirex, Reprints.
PB-290 089/2 PC A02/MF A01
Similarity Between Man and Laboratory Animals
In Regional Pulmonary Deposition of Ozone. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Statistics and Data Management Office.
Frederick J. Miller, Daniel B. Menzel, and David L
Coffin. 22 Jul 77,20p EPA/600/J-78/081
Pub. in Environmental Research 17, D84-101 1978.
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pharmacology.
Predicted pulmonary ozone (O3) dose curves obtained
by model analysis of the transport and removal of O3
in the lungs of guinea pigs, rabbits, and man indicate
that a general similarity exists among these species In
the shapes of the dose curves. An overview of the
major features of the lower airway mathematical model
used is presented. This model predicts that the respi-
ratory bronchioles receive the maximum O3 dose. For
exposures corresponding to tracheal O3 concentra-
tions greater than 100 micrograms/cu m (0.05 ppm),
the predicted respiratory bronchlolar dose for rabbits
was found to be twice that for guinea pigs and 80% of
that for man. Sensitivity analyses are presented for
model parameters relating to the treatment of the
chemical reactions of O3 with the mucous layer. The
role of tidal volume in the determination of pulmonary
uptake of 03 in man is examined. The consistency and
similarity of the dose curves for the three species lend
strong support to the validity of extrapolating to man
the results obtained on animals exposed to 03.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Lung, 'Toxicology, Humans, Lab-
oratory animals, Mathematical models, Respiratory
system, Transport properties, Removal, Guinea pigs,
Rabbits, Dosage, Exposure, Sensitivity, Validity, Ex-
trapolation, Deposition, 'Animal models, 'Dose re-
sponse relationships.
PB-290 098/3 PC A02/MF A01
Mlcroblal Degradation of Halogenated Hydrocar-
bons. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Al W. Bourquin, and David T. Gibson. 1078,16p EPA/
600/J-78/073, CONTRIB-361
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v2 p2S3-2581978. Prepared in cooper-
ation with Texas Univ. at Austin. Oept. of Microbiology.
Biochemical and soil microbiology studies indicate that
numerous mechanisms exists for the dehalogenatton
of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Tests de-
scribed in this paper demonstrate that enzymatic sys-
tems are capable of dehalogenation. The report does
not answer the question of the biodagradablllry of ha-
logenated hydrocarbons, but illustrates the need for
more information in order to Identify compounds that
are likely to undergo enzymatic cleavage of the
carbon-halogen bona
Keywords: 'Halohydrocarbons, 'Soil chemistry,
'Water chemistry, 'Enzymes, Sea water, Mlcroorgan-
December 1983 583
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
isms, Soil microbiology, Reprints, 'Dehalogenation,
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-290 104/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
High-Temperature, High-Pressure Paniculate Con-
trol with Ceramic Bag Filters. Final rept. Aug 76-
Aug 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
M. A. Shackleton. Oct 78,78p EPA/600/7-78/194
Contract EPA-68-02-2169
The report gives results of bench-scale research indi-
cating that fine particle control at high temperature and
pressure can be achieved using barrier filtration by ce-
ramic bag filters. Evidence supporting this contention
Includes: (1) 'blanket' ceramic fiber materials (felts)
consisting of small diameter fibers (3.0 micrometers)
appear to be the most promising materials for high-
temperature and -pressure applications because of
their combination of good filtration performance and
relatively high strength; and (2) accelerated media
cleaning tests at high temperatures and pressures
show that several ceramic filter structures are capable
of surviving in excess of 50,000 cleaning pulses while
maintaining pressure drop at acceptable levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
"High temperature tests, 'High pressure tests, 'Elec-
tric power plants, Particles, Air filters, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Ceramic fibers, Combus-
tion products, Fluidized bed processing, Coal gasifica-
tion, Design criteria, 'Ceramic bag filters.
PB-290 105/6 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Utilization of Lime/Limestone Waste In a New Alu-
mina Extraction Process. Final task rept. Apr-Sep
78,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
E. P. Motley, and T. H. Cosgrove. Nov 78,59p EPA/
600/7-78/225
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of a preliminary process
design and economic evaluation of a process for using
lime/limestone scrubbing wastes as a source of cal-
cium in the extraction of alumina (for use in aluminum
production) from low grade domestic ores such as
clays and coal ash. The other principal process feed-
stocks are sods ash and coal. The products are alumi-
na, elemental sulfur, and dicalcium silicate, an alter-
nate feedstock In the manufacture of Portland cement.
The conceptual plant is located next to a 1000 MW
coal-burning power plant which generates > 1 million
tons per year (tpy) of lime/limestone scrubber wastes.
The required selling price for the alumina produced at
10% discounted cash flow would be $195-370 per ton,
depending on the credit for sludge removal, exclusive
of cement manufacture. If the alumina plant were co-
located with an 860,000 tpy Portland cement plant sell-
Ing cement at $50 per ton, the required alumina selling
price would be $27-221 per ton. Based on the current
market price for alumina ($160 per ton), the Portland
cement plant appears to be necessary to make the
process viable. In addition to the scrubber wastes, the
process requires 12,000 tpy of soda ash, 300,000 tpy
of clay, and 273,000 tpy of coal to produce 70,000 tpy
of alumina, 156,000 tpy of sulfur, and 625,000 tpy of di-
calcium silicate (used to produce 860,000 tpy of port-
land cement).
Keywords: 'Aluminum oxide, 'Industrial wastes, 'Ex-
traction, Utilization, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Kaolin,
Sodium carbonates, Coal, Sulfur, Calcium silicates,
Economic analysis, 'Waste utilization.
PB-290 106/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling System Evaluation for High-tempera-
ture, High-pressure Processes. Final rept. Mar 76-
Jul 77,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
William Masters, Robert Larkin, Larry Cooper, and
Craig Pong. Aug 78,113p EPA/600/7-78/158
Contract EPA-68-02-2153
The report describes a sampling system designed for
the high temperatures and high pressures round in
pressurized fluidized-bed combustors (PFBC). The
system uses an extractive sampling approach, with-
drawing samples from the process stream for com-
plete analysis of participate size, mass concentration,
shape, and chemical composition. Two series of tests
were run at Exxon's pilot-scale PFBC in Linden, New
Jersey: the first was run to measure paniculate mass
and size distribution (particulate sizing was achieved
using a commercial cascade impactor operating at
about 105 C); the second was run to determine if con-
densation occurred between the process temperature
of 720 C and the impactor temperature. Results show
that cascade impactors can be successfully used for
sizing in the high-temperature, high-pressure process
stream of the PFBC, and that condensation was not a
problem in the tests conducted.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Sampjers, High temperature tests,
High pressure tests, Particles, Fluidized bed proces-
sors, Probes, Equipment, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-290 125/4 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Assessment: Charcoal Manufacturing,
State-of-the-Art. Final task rept. Jul 75-Oct 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
C. M. Moscowitz. Dec 78,90p' MRC-DA-772, EPA/
600/2-78/004Z
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
This document reviews the state of the art of air emis-
sions from charcoal manufacture. The composition,
quality, and rate of emissions, and their environmental
effects are described. Charcoal is the solid material re-
maining after the pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials,
primarily hardwoods. It is produced in both batch and
continuous facilities and then briquetted. During the
manufacturing process, emissions of particulate,
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides
are released. To evaluate the hazard potential of rep-
resentative sources defined for batch kilns, continuous
furnaces, and briquetting operations, source severity
was defined as the ratio of the time-averaged maxi-
mum ground level pollutant concentration to a hazard
factor. For criteria pollutants, the hazard factor is the
ambient air quality standard; for noncriteria pollutants,
it is a reduced TLV. Source severities range for con-
trolled batch kilns from 0.016 to 3.7, for continuous fur-
naces from 0.0097 to 4.6, and for briquetting oper-
ations from 0.27 to 1.6. Batch kilns do not typically
have emission control devices; however, some kilns
use afterburners. Continuous furnaces are believed to
use some level of afterburning to reduce particulate
carbon monoxides, and hydrocarbons. Briquetting op-
erations control particulate emissions via centrifugal
collection or fabric filtration.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Charcoal, Air pollution con-
trol, Manufacturing, Assessments, Sources, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Air
filters, Afterburners, Furnaces, Hardwoods, Design cri-
teria, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Tech-
nology, State of the art, Fabric filters, Centrifuge sepa-
ration.
PB-290 126/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Energy Conservation through Source Reduction.
Final rept.,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Bureau of Water and Envi-
ronmental Resources Research.
George W. Reid, and Chan Hung Khuong. Nov 78,
76p*EPA/600/8-78/015
Grant EPA-R-804183
This report deals with energy conservation through re-
duction in generation of post-consumer solid waste.
The objective, scope, methodology and summary of
the report are presented in Section 1. Section 2 con-
tains the conclusions. Section 3 presents a review of
output and input approaches to estimate the quantity
and composition of post-consumer solid waste. Com-
parative notes on the two methods are included. Sec-
tion 4 contains a compilation of estimates of energy
consumed in the manufacture of discarded materials
and in handling the solid waste. Section 5 studies po-
tentials and possibilities of reducing refuse and esti-
mates corresponding energy savings. Twenty exam-
ples of opportunities to reduce refuse at government,
policy-maker, manufacturer, and consumer levels are
proposed. The energy intensiveness of materials
found in the waste stream, total energy residuals em-
bedded in each material, and possible candidates for
reduction with greatest energy savings are also pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Refuse disposal, Fuel consumption, Incentives,
Electric appliances, Gas appliances, Tires, Paper,
Glass, Metals, Recommendations, 'Solid waste man-
agement, Energy consumption.
PB-290 137/9 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Pollution Control Manual for Irrigated Agriculture.
Final rept.,
Toups Corp., Loveland, CO.
Keith Kepler, Don Carlson, and W. T. Pitts. Aug 78,
225p EPA/908/3-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-3562
The manual is intended to expand understanding of ir-
rigated agriculture-water quality relationships to a
broad group, including water quality interests, water re-
source interests, andagricultural field technicians. In-
formation on collecting pertinent information on the ir-
rigation system, sampling techniques, and evaluation
techniques for determining the water quality impacts of
return flows, combined with beneficial use aspects
allow irrigation to be put into perspective with other
elements of a water quality plan. Development of best
management practices (BMP's) incorporate this water
quality information plus information on the various agri-
cultural practices. Understanding of local conditions
affecting BMP's can be developed within the evalua-
tion framework. Traditional and recently developed irri-
gation practices are developed and evaluated in terms
of use, pollutant loading pathways, cost, and effective-
ness. Pollutants are discussed in terms of occurrence
in nature, loading mechanisms, evaluation techniques,
and effect upon beneficial use.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution abatement,
Manuals, Sampling, Agriculture, Water quality man-
agement, Salinity, Sediments, Inorganic nitrates, Pesti-
cides, Drainage, Fertilizers, Soil properties, Ground
water, Cost effectiveness, Water loss, Sprinkler irriga-
tion, Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching, Surface water runoff,
Water law, 'Return flow, Best management practice.
PB-290 151/0 PC A03/MF A01
Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Great Lakes Environmental Planning Using Llmno-
logical Systems Analysis: Summary. Final rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Leonard T. Crook, and William C. Sonzogni. Jan 79,
38p EPA/600/3-79/011A
Contract DACW35-71-C-0030
Prepared In cooperation with Hydroscience, Inc.,
Westwood, NJ. See also PB-290152.
The report documents the deliberate decision making
process used by the Great Lakes Basin Commission in
concluding that rational modeling methodologies could
be used to evaluate the effect of different planning al-
ternatives on the Great Lakes and that planning for
specific problems affecting the Great Lakes system
can be technically and economically supported
through mathematical modeling and systems analysis.
It assesses the technical and economical feasibility Of
developing mathematical models to assist in making
selections from among alternative management strat-
egies and structural solutions proposed for solving
water resource problems of the Great Lakes. The
study reviews, evaluates and categorizes present and
future water resources problems, presently available
data, problem-oriented mathematical models and the
state of models and model synthesis for large lakes. A
demonstration modeling framework for planning Is de-
veloped and applied to western Lake Erie and the
Great Lakes system. The report evaluates four widely
ranging alternatives for future modeling efforts in the
Great Lakes and recommends the modeling level most
feasible to answer planning questions on scales rang-
ing from the Great Lakes to regional areas. Also dis-
cussed is a proposed Commission study which will
apply limnological systems analysis to the planning
process.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Great Lakes, 'Water re-
sources, Decision making, Water chemistry, Math-
ematical models, Planning, Evaluation, Systems analy-
584 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sis, Feasibility studies, Lakes, Hydrology, Ecology,
Lake Erie, Recommendations, Objectives, Coordina-
tion, Projects, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Ecosys-
tems, Environmental effects.
PB-290 152/8 PCA21/MFA01
Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Great Lakes Environmental Planning Using Llmno-
raglcal Systems Analysis: Phase I. Preliminary
Mod*) Design. Final rept.
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Jan 79,492p EPA/600/3-79/011B
Contract DACW35-71-C-0030
Prepared in cooperation with Hydroscience, Inc.,
Westwood, NJ. See also PB-290 151 and PB-290 153.
Contents:
Water resource problems and variables;
Existing data;
Problem oriented models;
Available models - state of the art;
Model synthesis for planning needs;
Demonstration model.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Great Lakes, "Water re-
sources, Decision making, Water chemistry, Math-
ematical models, Planning, Evaluation, Systems analy-
*», Feasibility studies, Lakes, Hydrology, Ecology,
j-ake Erie, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Recommen-
oatlons, Objectives, Coordination, Projects.
fB-290 153/6 PC A03/MF A01
Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
west Lake* Environmental Planning Using LJmno-
toflical Systems Analysis: Modal Specifications.
Final rept. <
«real Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Jan 78,50p EPA/600/3-79/011C
Contract DACW35-71 -C-0030
Prepared in cooperation with Hydroscience, Inc.,
Westwood, NJ. See also PB-290 151 and PB-290152.
The report documents the deliberate decision making
Process used by the Great Lakes Basin Commission in
concluding that rational modeling methodologies could
°e used to evaluate the effect of different planning al-
wmatives on the Great Lakes and that planning for
«Pecfflc problems affecting the Great Lakes system
{*" be technically and economically supported
""rough mathematical modeling and systems analysis.
" assesses the technical and economical feasibility of
^veloping mathematical models to assist In making
wslections from among alternative management strat-
"(fles and structural solutions proposed for solving
water resource problems of the Great Lakes. The
*««y reviews, evaluates and categorizes present and
'"jure water resources problems, presently available
"Ma, problem-oriented mathematical models and the
«ate of models and model synthesis for large lakes. A
Demonstration modeling framework for planning is de-
veloped and applied to western Lake Erie and the
«reat Lakes system. The report evaluates four widely
[""fling alternatives for future modeling efforts In the
weat Lakes and recommends the modeling level most
[••awple to answer planning questions on scales rang-
"
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
human population exposed to air pollutants and estab-
lish standards to limit that risk. Two stainless steel
Controlled Environmental Laboratories (CEL) were
constructed in the EPA Clinical Studies Laboratory
Facilities in Chapel Hill, North Carolina to determine
the pulmonary and cardiovascular health problems of
humans exposed to ambient levels of selected air pol-
lutants. Both gaseous and water soluble paniculate
pollutants can be generated in desired concentrations
In accurately controlled air flows, temperatures, humid-
ities, and light levels. Each CEL operates independ-
ently of the other, and the pollutants can be introduced
either singly or in combinations. Four PDP-11 /40 com-
puters are required to automate all control, measure-
ment, and data acquisition for the CEL environment
and the physiological measurements of the test sub-
jects. The exposure system was designed to house six
test subjects for several weeks without interruption of
the exposure insult. A brief description of the exposure
laboratories and the support systems including their
functions Is provided. The methodology used to meas-
ure and control the conditions in each CEL is included
along with a list of the physiological capabilities.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Test chambers, 'Environ-
mental tests, Air pollution, Risk, Legislation, Humans,
Exposure, Aerosols, Gases, Measurement, Environ-
ments, Standards, Computers, Chambers, Data acqui-
sition, Control, Gas analysis, Respiratory system, Car-
diovascular system, Concentration(Composition),
'Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Particulates, Environmental
health, 'Toxic substances.
PB-290 176/7 PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Calibration of a Predictive Model for Instanta-
neously Discharged Dredged Material. Final rept.
Oct 76-Dec 77,
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA.
Gary W. Bowers, and Martin K. Goldenblatt. Sep 78,
166p EPA/600/3-78/089
Grant EPA-R-804994
This report describes modifications to a computer
model originally developed by R.C.Y. Koh and Y.C.
Chang for predicting the physical fate of dredged ma-
terial instantaneously released into a water column.
Changes to the simulation include the calibration and
verification of the program's models based upon ex-
perimental laboratory data as well as simplification of
the model's use. Inputs to the model include initial ma-
terial characteristics and dynamics, ambient character-
istics and dynamics, and site geometry. Outputs in-
clude material concentration and position while in the
water column and material mound height and concen-
tration after bottom impact. Included in this report are a
description of the model's structure, the changes
made to the program, information on field sampling
and laboratory procedures needed to develop input
values, and examples of model operation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Computerized simulation, Computer programming,
Sedimentation, Dispersing, 'Ocean waste disposal,
'Dredge spoil, Solid wastes, Koh-Chang model, WES
model.
PB-290 177/5 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program, Supplement Number 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jun 78,14p EPA/MCD-02.6
See also Supplement no. 4 dated Jul 77, PB-273 029.
This Handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives after the Manual of References
(MCD-02) was published. This represents the sixth in a
series of Program Requirements Memoranda.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, Manuals, Policies, Regulations, Handbooks,
Industrial plants, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-290 181/7 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Study of Children's Blood-Lead Levels Within
Families,
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst.
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Danica Prpic-Majjic. Nov 78,153p EPA/600/1-78/067
Grant SFCP-JF-3-570-2
Comparative studies of the biological indices of elevat-
ed exposure to lead in children and adults were con-
ducted with the intention of reaching a better under-
standing of lead absorption in children. Three family
groups were examined. Group 1 consisted of families
who lived in the vicinity of a lead smelter and whose fa-
thers were occupationally highly exposed to lead.
Group 2 consisted of families settled in the same area,
but whose fathers had no supplemental occupational
exposure to lead. The third was the control group con-
sisting of families who lived in an area with very low ex-
posure and whose fathers were not occupationally ex-
posed to lead. Families were selected with one child
under 4 years and, if possible, another child of school
age. In the environmental survey lead in air, dustfall,
household-dust, and drinking-water were analyzed.
Three biological parameters, erythrocyte delta-amino-
levulinic denydratase activity, erythrocyte protopor-
phyrin, and blood lead were determined. On the basis
of these parameters the following sequence of lead
absorption was established in family members living in
an area with elevated lead exposure: fathers >
school-age children approximately equal to children up
to 4 years > mothers. Children with fathers occupa-
tionally exposed to lead had a slight additional lead ex-
posure in comparison with children whose fathers had
no supplemental occupational exposure to lead. It was
found that the population living near a lead smelter,
except for the fathers occupationally exposed to lead,
had biological findings at the level of a 'moderately ele-
vated' exposure, while those occupationally exposed
had 'excessive' exposure.
Keywords: 'Children, 'Lead(Metal), 'Environmental
surveys, 'Toxicology, Absorption, Comparison, Adults,
Exposure, Industrial atmospheres, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Occupational diseases, Blood analysis,
Metals, Yugoslavia, Recommendations, Tables(Data),
Families, 'Toxic substances, 'Biological indicators.
PB-290 198/1 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
SO2 Abatement for Stationary Sources In Japan.
Final rept. Sep 77-Oct 78,
Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
Jumpei Ando. Nov 78,331 p EPA/600/7-78/210
Contract EPA-68-02-2161
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
See also report dated Sep 77, PB-272 986.
The report gives results of a study of Japanese gov-
ernment efforts to regulate SOx emissions: the efforts
were prompted by serious air pollution problems in
Japan during the 1960s. Several technologies are
being developed including production of low sulfur gas
from coal, fuel desulfurization, and fluidized bed com-
bustion. However, predominant methods currently
used for SO2 control in Japan are burning low sulfur
fuels and flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Development
and application of FGD technology in Japan has pre-
ceded similar development in other countries, resulting
in a significant reduction in ambient SO2 levels. The
stringent, daily average ambient standard of 0.014
ppm has almost been achieved. Several types of FGD
systems are currently in use in Japan, including wet
lime/limestone, indirect and modified lime/limestone,
regenerate, and simultaneous NOx/SOx. These
processes have been operated satisfactorily on a
commercial scale. Both SO2 removal and operability
are typically over 90%. Removals and operabilities of
98-99% can be achieved at higher costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Japan, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Flue gases,
Desulfurization, Scrubbers, Coal gasification, Technol-
ogy, Air pollution abatement, 'Stationary sources, Flue
gas desulfurization, Limestone scrubbing.
PB-290 200/5 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Producing and Marketing Byproduct
Gypsum from SO2 Emission Control at Fossll-
Fuel-Flred Power Plants. Final rept. Mar 76-Mar 78,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL.
J. M. Ransom, R. L. Torstrick, and S. V. Tomlinson. Oct
78,259pTVA-BULL-Y-137, EPA/600/7-78/192
The report gives results of a study to identify fossil-
fuel-fired power plants that might, in competition with
existing crude gypsum sources and other power
plants, lower the cost of compliance with SO2 regula-
tions by producing and marketing abatement gypsum.
In the Eastern U.S., gypsum production has a limited
but important potential to lower the cost of compliance
by power plants. Gypsum consumption was projected
as 2 million tons in wallboard use and 3 million tons in
cement, and total 1978 sales were estimated at $124.4
million in the Eastern U.S. Potential gypsum production
by 113 Eastern U.S. steam plants requiring flue gas de-
sulfurization for compliance amounts to 27 million
tons. For about 90% of the potential abatement
gypsum production, the cost difference between pro-
ducing gypsum and conventional sulfite sludge by
limestone scrubbing is greater than the estimated cost
of mining natural gypsum. However, 30 power plants
(generally <200 MW) with small annual outputs were
identified that could reduce compliance cost by pro-
ducing and marketing abatement gypsum. The 30
plants would replace 2.23 million tons of crude gypsum
at 93 demand points (92 cement plants and 1 wall-
board plant). Of the gypsum replaced, 74% is Import-
ed. First-year saving to steam plants is $11 million, and
about $2 million is saved by the gypsum industry.
Keywords: 'Gypsum, 'Materials recovery, 'Solid
waste disposal, Air pollution control, Electric power
plants, Byproducts, Industrial wastes, Marketing, Cost
analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Feasibility, Wallboards, Design
criteria, Flue gases, 'Fossil-fuel power plants, 'Waste
recycling.
PB-290 201/3 PC A06/MF A01
. Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of the Need for NOx Flue Gas Treat-
ment Technology. Final rept. Mar 77-Oct 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. E. Corbett, G. D. Jones, W. C. Micheletti, R. M.
Wells, and G. E. Wilkins. Nov 78,111 p EPA/600/7-
78/215
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of a study to determine if and
when the application of NOx flue gas treatment (FGT)
technology will be necessary in the U.S. It addresses
factors that will influence the levels of NOx emission
control needed to comply with both existing and future
NOx standards. Topics treated include NOx emission
sources, atmospheric transport and reactions, air qual-
ity trends, regulations, and control strategies, and FGT
methods. The study concludes that the number of Air
Quality Control Regions (AQCRs) with NOx compli-
ance problems can be expected to increase signifi-
cantly in the next decade. It further concludes that pro-
gressively larger reductions in NOx emissions will be
required in order to attain and maintain compliance in
'problem' AQCRs. The study does not establish con-
clusively whether or not FGT will be required. Howev-
er, current trends indicate that FGT may be necessary
in the future to achieve compliance with NOx stand-
ards in certain AQCRs. This conclusion follows from
the regionally specific nature of U.S. NOx compliance
problems, as well as uncertainties concerning both
future NOx emission reduction requirements and the
ultimate effectiveness of alternative NOx control meth-
ods, such as combustion modification.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Flue
gases, Air pollution control, Sources, Regulations,
Law(Jurisprudence), Concentration(Composition), Air
quality control regions, Air quality.
PB-290 202/1 PC A07/MF A01
Proceedings of a Public Forum on Environmental
Protection Criteria for Radiation Wastes Held at
Stouffer's Denver Inn, Denver, Colorado on 30
March-1 April 1978. Technical note.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
May 78,148pORP/CSD-78-2
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-286 506.
This document serves as a record of the proceedings
of the Denver Forum. It is divided into three topical
sections, each made up of a statement of issues and
objectives of the working group, the summary and con-
clusions of the working group, and the responses of
Forum participants to the working group's summary
and conclusions. Prepared statements from the public
were accepted for ten business days following the
Forum and they have also been included in the report.
The three topical sections were: (1) What is radioactive
waste, (2) what are the characteristics of an adequate
586 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
risk assessment and of acceptable risks from radioac-
tive waste, (3) What control measures should be un-
dertaken for radioactive wastes.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Meetings, Radiation
hazards, Risk, Radioactive waste disposal, Radioac-
tive waste storage.
PB-290 213/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrified Bed Evaluation. Final rept. Sep 77-Jul
78,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
William Piispanen, Robert M. Bradway, and Verne
Shorten. Sep 78, 68p GCA-TR-78-24-G, EPA/600/7-
Contract EPA-68-02-1487
The report gives results of an evaluation of a prototype
electrified bed (EFB) particulate collection device. The
500 cfm unit, which uses mechanical and electrical
mechanisms for collection, was installed at an asphalt
roofing plant during the tests. Fractional efficiency was
determined with upstream and downstream impactors.
Total mass efficiency was determined with glass fiber
niter sampling trains. The mean inlet loading was
0.2585 gr/dscf and the mean outlet loading was
0-0037 gr/dscf, for an average efficiency of 98.57 per-
cent. The inlet aerosol has a mass median diameter of
about 1 micrometer, with 90 percent less than 2 mi-
crometers. Measurements of volatile hydrocarbons by
on-srte gas chromatography showed that the inlet con-
centration of approximately 100 ppm was reduced by
20 to 50 percent by the device.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
nue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
process charting, Design criteria. Sampling, Design cri-
'ena, Performance evaluation, Asphalt plants, Electro-
statics, 'Electrified bed particulate collection devices.
PB-290 215/3 PC A07/MF A01
nadlatlon Protection Activities -1977. Annual rept.
ynice of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
£"978,142p' EPA/520/4-78/003
*>ee also report for 1976 dated Aug 77, PB-273 469.
The report is designed to survey in some detail the ac-
"vraes of several Federal agencies involved in radi-
•jjon protection-such as controlling medical x-ray ex-
posures, managing nuclear power plant effluents, pro-
Ifct'ng workers exposed to radiation, and monitoring
'""out. In addition some of the less obvious activities
ye referred to, to give readers a sense of scope of
J"*°eral Involvement. The division of responsibilities
Tjnin the Federal government is defined, and some
Joieyant congressional and judicial actions are sum-
panzed in the introduction. A list of pertinent 1977
r«deral publications is provided.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Radiation protection,
^national government, State government, Radioactive
";aterials, Industrial medicine, X ray irradiation, Expo-
. Tables(Data), Radiology. Nuclear power plants,
"""ons, Legislation, Nuclear energy, Nonionizing
, Government agencies, 'Occupational safety
-- health, Radiation control legislation, Radiation
health pro9rams' Nuclear medicine, 'Environmental
PCA14/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
?.!L?°!lution Reports. Volume 5, Number 3. June
r?ff-September 1978. Quarterly rept. Jun-Sep 78,
fjyorma Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
£™Jnut Ehrenspeck, Elizabeth Sorenson, Barbara
, ,
p5™88, and Katherine Osteryoung. Nov 78, 310p
tPA/600/7-78/218
g*arrtEPA-R-805803-01-0
jj*8 also Volume 5, Number 2 dated Aug 78, PB-287
^'Pollution Reports (formerly Oil Spill and Oil Pollu-
"" reports) is a quarterly compilation of abstracts of
J^vpnt oil pollution related literature, research proj-
J?-'8. and conferences. Comprehensive coverage of
rrfstrial and aquatic oil pollution and its prevention
"jcontrol is provided, with emphasis on the marine
siir- nrnent- Th« report contains (a) citations and
88 of 1975 to 1978 scientific and technical
ons, and patents; (b) status and summaries of
current research programs; and (c) information on cur-
rent meetings.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Patents, Environmental impacts, Abstracts, Oil
spills, Oil pollution control, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB-290 237/7 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Air Quality Impacts Using SRC Versus Conven-
tional Coal In Power Plants. Final rept. Nov 77-Sep
78,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Irving Leichter, R. C. Koch, N. L. Nagda, and J. L Swift.
Oct 78, 356p EPA/600/7-78/023
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
The report gives results of air quality modeling to
assess the impact of burning solvent-refined coal
(SRC) instead of conventional coal in three power
plants which exceeded National Ambient Air Quality
Standards when burning conventional coal. The EPA
CRSTER Gaussian plume model with minor modifica-
tions was used to calculate ambient air pollution con-
centrations (for S02, NOx, and participates) when (a)
conventional coal and (b) SRC were burned. SRC test
burn emissions data were used to determine emission
factors for the three pollutants when burning SRC at
each plant. The most significant impact of switching
from conventional coal to SRC was the reduction of
S02 and particulate concentrations at each plant. The
highest 20 maximum 24-hour SO2 concentrations
were reduced by 60-75%. At all three plants, the
annual mean particulate concentrations were reduced
to essentially background levels when SRC was
burned.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electric power plants, Coal,
Coal gasification, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composltion), Standards, Comparison,
'Solvent-refined coal, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Gaussian plume models, Numerical solution.
PB-290 248
see individual report for order number and
price
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Air Pollution Regulations In State Implementation
Plane.
Abcor Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
1978,open series
The Federally enforceable regulations contained in the
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) have been com-
piled for all 56 States and territories (with the excep-
tion of the Northern Mariana Islands). They consist of
both the Federally approved State and/or local air
quality regulations as indicated in the Federal Register
and the Federally promulgated regulations for the
State, as indicated in the Federal Register. Regula-
tions which fall into one of the above categories as of
January 1,1978, have been incorporated. As mandat-
ed by Congress, this document will be updated annual-
ly. State and/or local air quality regulations which have
not been Federally approved as of January 1, 1978,
are not included here; omission of these regulations
from this document in no way affects the ability of the
respective Federal, State, or local agencies to enforce
such regulations. Other individual documents are also
available:
EPA/450/3-78/050. Alabama. Aug 78,296p PC
A13.MFA01 PB-290 249/2
EPA/450/3-78/051. Alaska. Aug 78,112p PC A06,
MFA01 PB-290 250/0
EPA/450/3-78/052. Arizona. Aug 78,167p PC
A08.MFA01 PB-290 251/8
EPA/450/3-78/053. Arkansas. Aug 78,72p PC
A04, MF A01 PB-290 252/6
EPA/450/3-78/055. Colorado. Aug 78,95p PC
A05.MFA01 PB-290 254/2
EPA/450/3-78/056. Connecticut. Aug 76,113p PC
A06, MF A01 PB-290 255/9
EPA/450/3-78/057. Delaware. Aug 78,91 p PC
A05.MFA01 PB-290 256/7
EPA/450/3-78/058. District of Columbia. Aug 78,
83pPCA05,MFA01 PB-290 257/5
EPA/450/3-78/059. Florida. Aug 78,70p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-290 258/3
EPA/450/3-78/060. Georgia. Aug 78,72p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-290 259/1
EPA/450/3-78/061. Hawaii. Aug 78,64p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-290 260/9
EPA/450/3-78/062. Idaho. Aug 78,120p PC A06,
MF A01 PB-290 261/7
EPA/450/3-78/063. Illinois. Aug 78, 201p PC A10,
MF A01 PB-290 262/5
EPA/450/3-78/064. Indiana. Aug 78,444p PC
A19, MF A01 PB-290 263/3
EPA/450/3-78/065. Iowa. Aug 78, 83p PC A05,
MFA01 PB-290 264/1
EPA/450/3-78/066. Kansas. Aug 78,68p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-290 265/8
EPA/450/3-78/067. Kentucky. Aug 78,263p PC
A12.MFA01 PB-290 266/6
EPA/450/3-78/068. Louisiana. Aug 78,98p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 267/4
EPA/450/3-78/069. Maine. Aug 78, 58p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-290 268/2
EPA/450/3-78/070. Maryland. Aug 78, ?91p PC
A13, MFA01 PB-290 269/0
EPA/450/3-78/071. Massachusetts. Aug 78,147p
PC A07, MF A01 PB-290 270/8
EPA/450/3-78/072. Michigan. Aug 78,114p PC
A06.MFA01 PB-290 271/6
EPA/450/3-78/073. Minnesota. Aug 78,80p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 272/4
EPA/450/3-78/074. Mississippi. Aug 78,96p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 273/2
EPA/450/3-78/075. Missouri. Aug 78, 319p PC
A14.MFA01 PB-290 274/0
EPA/450/3-78/076. Montana. Aug 78,86p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 275/7
EPA/450/3-78/077. Nebraska. Aug 78,127p PC
A07.MFA01 PB-290 276/5
EPA/450/3-78/078. Nevada. Aug 78,180p PC
A09, MF A01 PB-290 277/3
EPA/450/3-78/079. New Hampshire. Aug 78,
103p PC A06, MF A01 PB-290 278/1
EPA/450/3-78/080. New Jersey. Aug 78,161 p PC
A08, MF A01 PB-290 279/9
EPA/450/3-78/081. New Mexico. Aug 78,89p PC
A05.MFA01 PB-290 280/7
EPA/450/3-78/082. New York. Aug 78,126p PC
A07, MF A01 PB-290 281/5
EPA/450/3-78/083. North Carolina. Aug 78,91p
PC A05, MF A01 PB-290 282/3
EPA/450/3-78/084. North Dakota. Aug 78,251 p
PCA12.MFA01 PB-290 283/1
EPA/450/3-78/085. Ohio. Aug 78,163p PC A08,
MFA01 PB-290 284/9
EPA/450/3-78/086. Oklahoma. Aug 78,125p PC
A06, MF A01 PB-290 285/8
EPA/450/3-78/087. Oregon. Aug 78, 287p PC
A13, MFA01 PB-290 286/4
EPA/450/3-78/088. Pennsylvania. Aug 78,250p
PC A11, MF A01 PB-290 287/2
EPA/450/3-78/089. Rhode Island. Aug 78,62p PC
A04, MFA01 PB-290 288/0
EPA/450/3-78/090. South Carolina. Aug 78,68p
PCA04.MFA01 PB-290 289/8
EPA/450/3-78/091. South Dakota. Aug 78,111p
PC A06, MF A01 PB-290 290/6
EPA/450/3-78/092. Tennessee. Aug 78, 285p PC
A13, MF A01 PB-290 291/4
EPA/450/3-78/093. Texas. Aug 78,134p PC A07,
MFA01 PB-290 292/2
EPA/450/3-78/094. Utah. Aug 78,81 p PC A05,
MF A01 PB-290 293/0
EPA/450/3-78/095. Vermont. Aug 78,68p PC
A04.MFA01 PB-290 294/8
EPA/450/3-78/096. Virginia. Aug 78, 214p PC
A10.MFA01 PB-290 295/5
EPA/450/3-78/097. Washington. Aug 78,378p PC
A17, MFA01 PB-290 296/3
EPA/450/3-78/098. West Virginia. Aug 78,129p
PC A07, MF A01 PB-290 297/1
EPA/450/3-78/099. Wisconsin. Aug 78,88p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 298/9
EPA/450/3-78/100. Wyoming. Aug 78,65p PC
A04.MFA01 PB-290 299/7
EPA/450/3-78/101. American Samoa. Aug 78,
47p PC A03, MF A01 PB-290 300/3
EPA/450/3-78/102. Guam. Aug 78,47p PC A03,
MFA01 PB-290 301/1
EPA/450/3-78/103. Puerto Rico. Aug 78,89p PC
A05, MF A01 PB-290 302/9
EPA/450/3-78/104. Virgin Islands. Aug 78,46p PC
A03, MF A01 PB-290 303/7
December 1983 587
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-280 314/4 PC A12/MF A01
Proposed Guidance on Dose Limits for Persons
Exposed to Transuranium Elements In the Gener-
al Environment. Summary rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Dlv.
Sep 77,261 p* EPA/520/4-77/016
The proposed guidance is addressed to Federal agen-
cies and contains recommendations intended to
assure protection of the public health by limiting the ra-
diation doses persons may receive from transuranium
elements present in the environment as a result of ex-
isting or possible future unplanned contamination. The
guidance considers both the inhalation and ingestion
pathway of transuranium elements to humans and
would establish a maximum dose rate to lung and bone
for members of the general population. Agencies im-
plementing the guidance would be required to estimate
dose rates to persons from measured air and/or soil
concentration levels. Based on available environmen-
tal measurements, nearly all the land outside the
boundaries of existing contaminated sites is below the
levels specified in the guidance and little or no remedi-
al actions would probably be required to achieve com-
pliance.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Radiation dosage,
•Transuranium elements, 'Health physics, Guidelines,
Radiation tolerance, Public health, Americium, Curium,
Plutonium, Exposure, Contamination, Dose rate, Lung,
Bones, Soils, Air, National government. Humans, Rec-
ommendations, Protection, Respiration,
Ingestion(Biology), Criteria, Risk, Implementation, Eco-
nomic analysis, 'Maximum permissible exposure,
Dose limits, Agencies, Health risks, "Environmental
health.
PB-290 319/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Multiple Regression Modeling Approach for Re-
gional Water Quality Management. Final rept. 30
Jun 75-31 Dec 77,
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
D. J. Lystrom, F. A. Rinella, D. A. Rickert, and L.
Zimmermann. Oct 78,68p EPA/600/7-78/198
Previously announced as PB-284185.
A framework is presented for compiling available data
for assessing statistical relationships between water
quality and several factors of climate, physiography,
and land use. Seventeen water quality characteristics
studied represent annual mean concentrations or cal-
culated annual yields of suspended sediment, dis-
solved solids and various chemical species of nitrogen
and phosphorus. Usable multiple-linear regressions
were developed relating water quality characteristics
to basin characteristics for 14 of 17 water quality char-
acteristics with standards errors of estimate ranging
from 17 to 75 percent. These models can be used to
estimate water quality at specific stream sites or to
simulate the generalized effect of land use characteris-
tics on water quality. For example, observed nitrate
yields were up to 20 times greater than the simulated
background yields. This increase is indicated to be the
result of chemical fertilizers, animal wastes, and urban-
ization.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Regional planning, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Susquehanna River, Water quality manage-
ment, Mathematical models, Regression analysis. Cli-
mate, Geomorphology, Concentration(Composition),
Suspended sediments, Inorganic salts, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Stream flow, Fertilizers, Agricultural
wastes, Sediment transport, Pennsylvania, New York,
'Water quality data, Nonpoint sources.
PB-290 320/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Ground-Based Sulfur Dioxide Measurements
within a Copper Smelter Plume - Anaconda, Mon-
tana. Final rept. Oct 76-Mar 77,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
J. Jeffrey van Ee. Sep 78,87p EPA/600/4-78/055
The Monitoring Operations Division (MOD) of the Envi-
ronmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Las
Vegas developed a mobile sulfur dioxide (302) instru-
ment package for use in the remote, rugged terrain
surrounding The Anaconda Company's copper smelt-
er at Anaconda, Montana. The self-contained instru-
ment package was used to obtain ground-level S02
measurements in the area impacted by the smelter
plume. Wind speed, wind direction, and temperature
were also recorded at the sampling site. The require-
ment for the package to be quickly deployed in an area
impacted by the smelter plume necessitated the use of
a helicopter to sling-load the package into position.
Calibration of the instruments was peformed before
and after each sampling period. The primary area of in-
terest for SO2 measurements was the mountainous
terrain south of the smelter. During the 4 active months
of the study, the package was deployed 17 times. The
primary and secondary 802 standards were exceeded
on a number of occasions. Source emission strength
estimates, obtained by EPA-Region VIII are presented
for those times when S02 was measured at a site.
These data can be used to normalize the recorded
SO2 values to account for the varying SO2 emissions
from the source.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Sulfur dioxide, Smelters, Atmos-
pheric motion, Laboratory equipment,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Sampling,
Sites, Aerial surveys, Air pollution, Standards, Mon-
tana, 'Copper smelters, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
sampling, Anaconda(Montana).
PB-290 321/9 PCA14/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Environmental Requirements and Pollution Toler-
ance of Trlchoptera. Final rept.,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Entomology.
Todd L. Harris, and Thomas M. Lawrence. Nov 78,
316p EPA/600/4-78/063
Grant EPA-R-803319-01
See also report dated Oct 78, PB-288 998.
Data on the environmental requirements for 245 taxa
of North American Trichoptera are compiled from 294
references. This compilation is prepared to assist bi-
ologists in evaluating data from macroirwertebrate
samples collected for the assessment of water quality.
The following parameters are considered: life stage,
general habitat, specific habitat, retreat, diet, turbidity,
current, temperature, pH, D.O., alkalinity (phenolphth-
alein and total), nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phospho-
rus (ortho and total), seasonal distribution, and geo-
graphic distribution. Where possible ranges for the pa-
rameters mentioned are given. Additional parameters
such as toxic compounds, heavy metals, and pesti-
cides are included when available.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Indicator species, 'Aquatic biol-
ogy, Water quality, Life cycles, Turbidity, pH, Tempera-
ture, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Distribution(Property),
Tolerances(Physiology), ConcentrationfComposition),
Ammonia, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Abundance, Metals,
Pesticides, 'Trichoptera, 'Bioindicators, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Habitats.
PB-290 322/7 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Insecticides on Benzo(A)Pyrene Car-
clnogenesls,
Jefferson Medical Coll., Philadelphia, PA.
Anthony J. Triolo. Nov 78,41 p EPA/600/1 -78/066
Grant EPA-R-8034B6
The pesticides parathion, toxaphene, and carbaryl
were tested for their ability to induce tumors in the
forestomach and lungs of female Ha/ICR and A/J
mice respectively. None of these pesticides, when fed
alone in the diet of the mice, showed significant onco-
genic activity. On the other hand, toxaphene enhanced
benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced tumors and increased
BP hydroxylase activity in the forestomach of the Ha/
ICR mice and carbaryl enhanced BP-induced tumors
and increased BP hydroxylase activity in the lungs of
the A/J mice. In each instance, it is possible that toxa-
phene and carbaryl exhibited a cooncogenic effect in
enhancing the BP-induced tumors. Conversely, toxa-
phene decreased the incidence of BP-induced tumors
and inhibited BP hydroxylase activity In the lungs of the
A/J mice. These results suggest that increased BP hy-
droxylase activity in tissues tends to enhance tumor
formation and a decrease in the enzyme activity may
have a protective effect agains tumors. The relation-
ship between enzyme inducibility and tumor formation
may be due to the level of oncogenic epoxides formed
in target organs. Further, studies of the formation of
specific oncogenic epoxides of BP in tissues after
treatment with these pesticides would help towards
defining more clearly the relationship between BP hy-
droxylase Inducibility and BP oncogenesis.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Activity, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Mice, Females, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experimental data, Diets, Ingestion(Biology),
Neoplasms, Lung, Enzymes, Tissues(Biology), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Stomach, Hydroxylases,
'Carcinogenesis, Parathion, Toxaphene, Camphenes,
Carbaryl, Carbamic acid/methyl-(naphthyl-ester),
'Benzopyrene, Oncogenesis, Phosphorothiotic acid/
O-0-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-290 323/5 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection
and Maintenance Programs In Ohio. Phase III.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
David B. Ramsay, Lee A. Coda, Robert O. Phillips,
Nancy K. Roy, and Frederick Sellars. Nov 78,242p
GCA-TR-78-59-G, EPA/905/2-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2887
See also Phase 2, PB-286 209.
Recent data for the State of Ohio indicates that the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO and Ox
will not be attained in all areas of the state by 1982,
even if all reasonably available control technologies
are applied. In view of this, it is likely that the state will
request from U.S. EPA an extension of the compliance
date beyond 1982. In order for this request to be con-
sidered, the state must, among other things, have
adopted a firm schedule for implementing a motor ve-
hicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program in the
highly urbanized nonattainment areas. In this connec-
tion, the State of Ohio is currently planning for the im-
plementation of an I/M program. As part of this effort,
detailed analyses have been performed of the costs,
benefits, personnel requirements, direct and indirect
impacts, and scheduling requirements associated with
the particular program option being considered. This
document reports these analyses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Carbon monoxide, 'Oxidizers, 'Ohio, Maintenance,
Standards, Inspection, Motor vehicles, Law enforce-
ment, Cost analysis, National government, Manage-
ment planning, 'Air quality, 'Motor vehicle inspection.
PB-290 326/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Determination of Effects on Ambient Conditions
on Aircraft Engine Emissions. ALF 502 Combustor
Rig and Engine Verification Test. Final rept. Mar
76-Jan 77,
Avco Lycoming Div., Stratford, CT.
H. F. Trembley, Jr. Jun 77,260p LYC-77-54, EPA/
460/3-77/017
Contract EPA-68-03-2383
A program was conducted for the purpose of determin-
ing the effects of ambient temperature, humidity, and
pressure on the emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and smoke. The ap-
proach involved the performance of two tasks. Task I
was to gather data through Lycoming ALF 502 com-
bustor ng testing under controlled simul-"-1 '"'•• *""'
ditions; Task II was to test a full-scale ALF 502 engine
over a range of uncontrolled ambient conditions to
verify the rig test data. These data will be part of a data
base collected by the EPA for the development of cor-
rection factors for gas turbine engine emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Tem-
perature, Humidity, Pressure, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Smoke, Gas turbine en-
gines, Aircraft, Design criteria, Tests, Sampling, Gas
detectors, Probes.
PB-290 329/2 PC A16/MF AOl
Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Envi-
ronment. Water and Wastes. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl.OH.
Robert H. Bordner, John A. Winter, and Pasquale
Scarplno. Dec 78,357p EPA/600/8-78/017
Contract EPA-68-03-0431
Prepared In cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
This first EPA manual contains uniform laboratory and
field methods for microbiological analyses of water9
588 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and wastewaters, and is recommended in enforce-
ment, monitoring and research activities. The proce-
dures are prepared in detailed, stepwise form for the
bench worker. The manual covers coliform, fecal coli-
lorm, fecal streptococci, Salmonella, actinomycetes,
«nd Standard Plate Count organisms with the neces-
sary support sections on sampling, equipment, media,
basic techniques, safety, and quality assurance.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Water analysis,
Water quality, Manuals, Potable water, Law enforce-
rnent, Monitoring, Surface waters, Coliform bacteria,
reces, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Aetinomycetales,
Culture media. Counting, Indicator organisms, Labora-
tory equipment, Enterobacteriaceae, Safety.
fB-290 330/0 PC A12/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Automated In
wtu Water Quality Sensor held In Las Vegas,
Nevada on February 14-16, 1978. Workshop rapt,
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vsgas, NV.
Donald T. Wruble, John D. Koutsandreas, and Barbara
jmnowski. Oct 78, 268p* EPA/600/9-78/034
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Washington, DC. and Inter-
agency Working Group on Satellite Data Collection
Systems.
A Federal agency workshop to discuss a common
interagency need for development of automated in situ
*«ar quality sensors was held in February 1978. The
Beting was organized to focus interagency attention
P" the Tack of adequate automated in situ devices for
"weting national water quality measurement needs,
*"d to explore possible solutions to the problem.
Agency programs and academic research programs
jro described. Working panels addressed sensor
"•Ms and technological areas that might be applied to
"•rigor development, including electrochemical, auto-
"wed wet chemistry, optical, and electrophysical sen-
•ors. Recommendations for greater development em-
r™?818. greater coordination within lead-agency re-
JPOnslbiltties, and technology emphasis are present-
'Detectors, 'Measuring instruments,
jww quality, 'Water analysis, 'Meetings, Water pol-
r]Pni Monitoring, Improvement, Dissolved gases,
£*ygen, Metals, Automation, Trace elements, X ray
noreseence, Viruses, Fluorescent dyes, Coliform bac-
jJWi Electrochemistry, Turbidity, Lasers, Remote
S?n*ing, National government, Research projects,
'nermTstors, Nephefometers, Prototypes, 'Water pol-
lutton detection, 'Water pollution sampling.
JJJ-290 331/8 PCA11/MFA01
'l™u»Wal Environmental Research Lab., Research Trt-
.
Proceeding* of Process Meas-
for Environmental Assessment Held at
on February 13-15, 1978. Final task rept.
( Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
§55™ A' BU™»- A"8 78. 237p EPA/600/7-78/ 168
^Wtract EPA-68-02-2165
documents the 26 presentations made at
JymPO8ium. The objective of the symposium was
onng together people who were responsible for
^rung and implementing sampling and analysis pro-
SSr* '°r multimedia environmental assessment. The
vfcrS; am consisted of sessions defining the uses of en-
J^nmental assessment data, the techniques for ac-
Hfl information, and recent user field experience
environmental assessment measurement pro-
i: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, As-
s, Industrial wastes, Sources, Methodology,
i Inorganic compounds, Fluidized bed pro-
Glasses, Metal industry, Toxicity, Organic
iS^wds. Technology, Chemical analysis, Coal ga-
Qn~J?°n, Electric power plants. Petroleum industry,
^wale, Synthane, Fugitive emissions, Hygas proc-
^•- synthetic fuels. Synthoil process.
PC A18/MF A01
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Eutrophlcatlon of Lake Ray Hubbsrd, Dallas,
Texas. Final rept. Mar 76-Sep 77,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Environmental En-
gineering Program.
Elaine Meckel. Magda Abdul-Rahman, and G. Fred
Lee. 1 Oct 78, 417p OCCASIONAL PAPER-15
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., North Central Texas Coun-
cil of Governments, Arlington, Texas Univ. at Dallas,
and Dallas Water Utilities Dept., TX.
A study of the sources and significance of nitrogen and
phosphorus compounds to Lake Ray Hubbardlocated
near Dallas, Texas has been completed. This water
supply reservoir was experiencing excessive growths
of algae which were causing taste and odor problems
in the finished drinking water. Phosphorus was found
to control algal growth in most parts of Lake Ray Hub-
bard; about 50 percent of the P load was found to be
from domestic wastewater treatment plant effluents.
The main body of this lake was found to obey the P
load-response relationships developed in the US
OECD eutrophication modeling study. Application of
this model to Lake Ray Hubbard showed that the initi-
ation of phosphorus removal from domestic
wastewaters by chemical treatment would result in this
waterbody maintaining its current water quality.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Ray Hubbard,
'Water supply, Algae, Potable water, Odors, Taste,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Sewage treatment, Waste water, Mathematical
models, Chlorophylls, Plant growth, Sources, Texas,
•Eutrophication, Thermal stratification.
PB-290 342/5 PC A02/MF A01
Enhanced Pesticide Metabolism, A Previously Un-
reported Effect of Dietary Fibre In Mammals. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, and C. J. Chadwick.
17 Dec 77,11p EPA/600/J-78/082
Pub. in Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, v16 p217-225
1978.
The effects of various dietary fibers on the metabolism
of the organochlorine insecticide, lindane, were com-
pared. Groups of six weanling female Sprague-Dawley
rats were fed either a synthetic low-residue diet (LRD),
LRD + 10% pectin, LRD + 10% agar, LRD + 10%
cellulose, or Purina Lab Chow for 28 days. The animals
were then dosed orally with 2.87 mg lindane and were
killed 24 hr later. A smaller proportion of administered
radioactivity was recovered in the excreta and select-
ed tissues from the rats fed the LRD diet than from
other groups and the fate of the radioactivity not ac-
counted for was investigated In a second experiment
using rats fed either LRD unsupplemented, LRD +
10% pectin or the standard chow diet. Pectin and the
dietary fiber contained In Purina Lab Chow caused sig-
nificant alterations In the metabolism of lindane. A sig-
nificant increase in the excretion of radiolabelled prod-
ucts, a higher level of conjugated chlorophenols and
polar metabolites, a significant alteration in the propor-
tions of the excreted chlorophenols and significant
stimulation of the enzymes involved in lindane metabo-
lism indicated that dietary fiber such as pectin or the
plant fiber in Purina Lab Chow can significantly affect
the metabolism of xenobiotlcs in mammals.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fibers, 'Insecticides, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Metabolism, Rats, Diets,
Laboratory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Radioactivity,
Excretion, Ti88ues(Biology), Labeled substances, Ex-
perimental data, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Lindane, Cy-
clohexane/hexachloro, 'Dietary fibers, Metabolites,
'Toxic substances.
PB-290 347/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
Development of a Sorbent Distribution and Re-
covery System. Final rept,
Seaward International. Inc., Falls Church, VA.
Sidney H. Shaw, Richard P. Bishop, and Robert J.
Powers. Nov78,78p EPA/600/7-78/217
Contract EPA-68-03-2138
This report describes the design, fabrication, and test
of a prototype system for the recovery of spilled oil
from the surface of river, estuarine, and harbor waters.
The system utilizes an open cell polyurethane foam in
small cubes to absorb the floating oil. The system Is
highly mobile and can be transported in two pickup
trucks. The sorbent is transported and distributed over
the water surface by means of a pneumatic broadcast-
er. An inclined, open wire mesh belt conveyor is used
to remove the saturated sorbent from the water. The
recovered oil and water is removed from the sorbent
by squeezing in a converging belt press or regenera-
tor. After regeneration, the foam is reapplied to the oil
slick. The foam can be reused for a great many cycles.
Tests of the system, using both diesel fuel and lubricat-
ing oil, were conducted at EPA's OHMSETT facility.
The sweep speeds ranged up to 5 knots in both calm
water and waves. Oil collection rates of 10.S cubic
meters/h were achieved. The oil content of the recov-
ered liquid varied from 38% to 79%.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Oil pollution,
•Booms(Equipment), 'Polyurethane resins,
Regeneration(Engineering), Sorbents, Skimmers,
Screw conveyors, Portable equipment, 'Oil retention
booms, 'Oil slicks, 'Oil spills.
PB-290 362/3 PC A11/MF A01
Airborne Measurements of a Copper Smelter
Plume In Montana. The Anaconda Company, Ana-
conda, Montana. (October 1-December 9, 1976).
Final rept.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Frank G. Johnson, David T. Mage, and Norman J.
Cimon. Sep 78,230p EPA/600/4-78/054
A field study was conducted during October 1 to De-
cember 8,1976 to measure parameters of the effluent
plume of The Anaconda Company's copper smelter,
Anaconda, Montana. Plume parameters were ob-
served with a helicopter-borne air quality monitoring
system. This data report presents plume heights,
plume horizontal and vertical dispersion, and plume
centeriine concentration, and low-altitude sulfur diox-
ide concentrations over areas of plume impaction. Ne-
phelometer and S02 data have been adjusted to ac-
count for instrument response times.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Sulfur dioxide, Sampling, Air pol-
lution, Sites, Monitoring, Transport properties, Chim-
neys, Field tests, Atmospheric motion, Aerial surveys,
Smelters, Montana, 'Copper smelters, 'Air quality,
•Air pollution sampling, Anaconda(Montana).
PB-290 983/9 PC A03/MF A01
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality 1976-
1977. Annual rept.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
1978,29p
See also PB-266 949.
The Iowa Department of Environmental Quality's
Annual Report for fiscal year 1976-77 is organized Into
three major program areas: Air Quality, Land Quality
and Water Quality. Activities of each area are reviewed
along with goals for the future. The Department's orga-
nizational structure and financial summary complete
the report.
Keywords: 'Iowa, Air pollution control, Water pollution
control, Industrial wastes, Radiation hazards, Water
treatment, 'Environmental quality, Solid waste dispos-
al. Automobile exhaust, Polychlorinated biphenyls, En-
vironmental protection.
PB-290 36e/» PC A05/MF A01
Iowa Air Quality Report, 1977.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines. Air
Quality Management Dlv.
Apr78,93p
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-277 253.
Iowa's air monitoring data from 1957 to 1977 has been
compiled in this report for six pollutants monitored in
the State: suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitro-
gen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and pho-
tochemical oxidants. The data are presented in tabular
form for each of the twelve Air Quality Control Regions
in the State. Additional sections discussing the pollut-
ants and pollutant sources, the air monitoring network,
and the analysis of data and trends have been added.
A summary of suspended paniculate levels from winter
storms In Iowa Is Included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Iowa, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
December 1983 589
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bons, Oxidizers, TablesfData), Sources, Monitoring,
Trends, Cqncentration(Composition), Ozone, Data
analysis, * Air quality, Air quality control regions.
PB-290 454/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Relationship of Meteorology to Summer Ozone In
Southern Louisiana. Technical note,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
David L. Harper. Sep 78,53p EPA/906/9-78/002B
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
Continuous ozone data obtained at nine sites across
southern Louisiana showed that the ozone levels fre-
quently exceeded the federal standard of 80 parts per
billion during the three month study period. The days
with ozone over the standard were generally charac-
terized as having light winds, abundant sunshine, and
high temperatures. Intermittent periods of region wide
low ozone were primarily associated with widespread
thunderstorm activity. The cold fronts which passed
through southern Louisiana during the study period
were conducive to nighttime ozone levels which were
higher than nighttime levels typically observed during
the study period.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Ozone, 'Meteorological
data, Cold fronts, Wind velocity, Sunlight,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Louisiana, South-
ern region(Louisiana).
PB-290 464/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The Ecological Effects of Arsenic Emitted from
Nonferrous Smelters. Final rept.,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL
Francis E. Benenati, Brian H. Winchester, and Timothy
P. King. Fob 76,161p EPA/560/6-77/011
Contract EPA-68-01-3248
This report is an assessment of the ecological effects
of arsenic and other associated contaminants emitted
from nonferrous smelters on economically important
plant and animal species in the human food chain. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the latest infor-
mation available on air, water, and solid waste dis-
charges of arsenic and other heavy metals, along with
sulfur oxide emissions from nonferrous smelters and
associated ecological effects. To accomplish this ob-
jective, the study focused primarily on three areas of
concern: (1) the extent of the ecological damage
around primary and secondary smelters; (2) the extent
that arsenic, by itself or in combination with other
chemicals, caused this ecological damage; and (3)
how present or projected levels of emissions, including
no discharge, affect the levels of damage.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Ecology, 'Pollution, Smelters,
Damage assessment, Zinc, Copper, Lead(Metal),
Sulfur oxides, Farm crops, Livestock, Toxicity, Solid
waste disposal. Water pollution, Evaluation, Air pollu-
tion, Losses, Sediments, Dust.
PB-290 468/8 PC A23/MF A01
Em/ironmetal Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT (Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology) Guideline*
In the State of Ohio. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Dec 78,546p EPA/905/5-78/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in Ohio. The study is to be used pri-
marily to assist EPA and Ohio decisio'ns on achieving
the emission limitations of the RACT standards. The
economic impact was assessed for the following 15
RACT industrial categories: surface coatings (cans,
coils, paper, fabrics, automobiles and light duty trucks,
metal furniture, insulation of magnet wire, large appli-
ances); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gasoline termi-
nals; refinery systems; bulk gasoline plants; storage of
petroleum liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispens-
ing stations-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs and
direct impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limi-
tations for these 15 industry categories in Ohio. Direct
economic costs and benefits from the implementation
of RACT (imitations were identified and quantified
while secondary impacts (social, energy, employment,
etc.) are addressed, they were not a major emphasis^n
the study.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Guidelines, 'Ohio,
'Standards, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Economics, Coatings, Automobiles, Trucks, Metal
cleaning, Solvents, Refineries, Gasoline, Storage, Pe-
troleum products, Asphalt, State government, Hydro-
carbons, 'Reasonably available control technology,
Stationary sources.
PB-290 472/0 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Impact of Forestry Burning upon Air Quality. A
State-of-the-Knowfedge Characterization In
Washington and Oregon. Final rept. 15 Aug 77-15
Aug 78,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jonathan D. Cook, James H. Himel, and Rudloph H.
Moyer. Oct 78,270p GEOMET-EF-664, EPA/910/9-
78/052
Contract EPA-68-01 -4144
This document presents a state-of-the-knowledge
characterization of the air quality impact of prescribed
forestry burning in the Pacific Northwest. Prescribed
forestry burning has been shown to be a useful man-
agement tool in the Pacific Northwest. Techniques for
burning are well developed. Much is known about fire
behavior under controlled burning conditions; less is
known about emissions. Emissions from prescribed
timated from data presently available. The emission
factors reported in the literature vary widely, therefore,
this report presents ranges of estimated emissions
which may reflect the magnitude of forestry burning
emissions. The impact of these emissions cannot be
accurately assessed using available dispersion
models or air quality monitoring networks. Potential im-
pacts of concern include human health and visibility
impairment. The total paniculate, hydrocarbon and
carbon monoxide emissions from forestry burning are
significant and may contribute to exceedance of air
quality standards in Washington and Oregon. The
impact of prescribed burning can be reduced. Smoke
management programs are largely successful in pre-
venting observable smoke intrusions into populated
areas; however, the potential for air quality degrada-
tion from residual smoke still exists. Alternative burn-
ing techniques and alternatives to burning are availa-
ble. Alternative burning techniques include the use of
optimal burn periods, optimal standard techniques and
new burning technology. The alternatives to forestry
burning include the use of mechanical or chemical
treatments, improved harvesting systems, slash utiliza-
tion and no treatment.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Forest fires, Reviews, Inter-
views, Environmental impacts, Particles, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Exhaust gases, Wood,
Smoke, Fuels, Combustion products, Sampling, Visibil-
ity, Harvesting, Utilization, Willamette Valley, Oregon,
Washington(State), Prescribed burning, Open burning,
Slash burning.
PB-290 473/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
BaTloon-Borne Partlculate Sampling for Monitor-
Ing Power Plant Emissions. Final rept, Nov 76-Jul
78,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
J. A. Armstrong, P. A. Russell, and R. E. Williams. Oct
78,60p EPA/600/7-78/205
Grant EPA-R-804829
The report describes a lightweight remote-controlled
sampler, carried aloft by a tethered balloon, that has
been developed to collect particulates from the
plumes of fossil-fueled power plants at various down-
wind distances. The airborne sampler is controlled
from the ground by a radio transmitter and receiver/
servo system. A verification transmitter/receiver
system allows monitoring of various commands to the
sampler for correct operation. The sampler uses a
pump to draw air through a strip of Nuclepore or other
filter media. The sampler can be selectively actuated in
flight to collect a number of discrete samples on the
filter or to take a time-resolved streak sample across a
length of the filter. The sampling system was field
tested at two sites burning low-sulfur coal, an urban
and a rural power plant. The collected samples were
analyzed in terms of size, concentration, and composi-
tion using scanning electron microscopy/energy dis-
persive X-ray spectrometry. In general, the particles
were spheres with diameters <5 micrometers. Some
agglomerates were found. Most of the fly ash was
composed of Si and Al, with small amounts of Fe.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Particles, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Monitoring, Electric power
plants, Design criteria, Field tests, Air pollution, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution detection,
'Fossil-fuel power plants.
PB-290 481/1 PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Environmental Quality File 1972-1976, Wlnnebago
County, Illinois. Final rept.,
Natural Land Inst, Rockford, IL.
Peter C. Reilly. Aug 78,110p HEQ-78/26
Since Earth Day on April 22,1970, there has been con-
siderable coverage in the news media concerning the
quality of the environment. But most of that coverage
deals with national impacts while local environmental
issues largely go unreported. This Environmental
Quality Profile is an attempt to communicate to the citi-
zens of Winnebago County the state of their environ-
ment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Air pollution, Rural
areas, Forestry, Vegetation, Population(Statistics),
Sands, Gravel, Limestone, Noise pollution, Irradiation,
Soil conservation, Solid waste disposal, Water quality,
Water resources, Wildlife, Illinois, Reviews, 'Winne-
bago County(lllinois), Air quality, Energy conservation.
PB-290 490/2 PC A15/MF A01
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Proposed Expansion of Existing Wastewater
Treatment Facilities, Scottsbluff, Gerlng, and Tar-
rytown, Nebraska. Final environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Jan 79, 334p EPA/907/9-79/001
Prepared in cooperation with WAPORA, Inc., Washing-
ton, DC. Contract EPA-66-01-3444. Portions of this
document are not fully legible. See also report dated
Jan 78, PB-279016.
The proposed financial assistance under the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.I-
92-500) for improvement of publicly-owned sewage
treatment facilities in the Nebraska Panhandle Area
has been determined to be a major Federal Action.
The Draft EIS includes a number of alternative courses
of action; including, no action, limited action (upgrad-
ing existing lagoons by structural and operational
modifications) stream discharge from upgraded facili-
ties, stream discharge from new activated sludge treat-
ment plant, land application, and complete retention.
Each alternative is evaluated with regard to cost-effec-
tiveness and environmental impacts; including, sur-
face and groundwater effects, lloodplains, water use,
aquatic and terrestrial biology, land use, economics,
health effects, air quality, noise, aesthetics, archae-
ological and historic resources, recreational impacts
and environmentally sensitive areas. The Final EIS
summarizes the selection process and recommends
an alternative. Based on the draft EIS evaluation,
stream discharge alternatives for the three publicly-
owned treatment plants in the Study Area (located in
Scottsbluff, Gering and Terrytown) were selected.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Improvement, Environmental
impacts, Surface waters, Flood plains, Activated
sludge process, Upgrading, Land use, Evaluation, Cost
effectiveness, Ground water, Recreational facilities,
Aquatic biology, Esthetics, Nebraska, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Scottsbluff(Nebraska), Gering(Nebraska),
Terrytown(Nebraska).
PB-290 497/7 PC A08/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon):
August-September, 1978. Periodic rept. Aug-Sep 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Melia, M. Smith, T. Koger, and B. Laseke. Jan 79,
154p EPA/600/7-79/022A
590 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
Portions of this document are not fully legible. See also
report dated Nov 78, PB-288 299.
The report is an updated supplement to EPA-600/7-
'8-05la and should be used in conjunction with it. It
presents a survey of utility flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems in the U.S., summarizing information
contributed by the utility industry, process suppliers,
regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering firms.
Systems are tabulated alphabetically, by development
status (operational, under construction, in planning
stages, or terminated operations), by utility company,
"V process supplier, by process, by waste disposal
practice, and by regulatory class. It presents data on
system design, fuef sulfur content, operating history,
and actual performance. It discusses problems and so-
wtions associated with the boilers and FGD systems.
Process flow diagrams and FGD system economic
aata are appended to the report.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Electric power
Plants, Flue gases, Electric utilities, Boilers, Research
Projects, Surveys, *Flue gas desulfurization.
JJB-290 505/7 PC A03/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide Study - Seattle, Washington,
°«tober 6-November 2, 1977. Part 1. Executive
summary rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
C. B. Wilson, and J. W. Schweiss. Dec 78,40p EPA/
910/9-78/054A
See also Part 2, PB-290506.
report is a summary of EPA 910/9-78-054b, a
the carbon monoxide problem in downtown
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide,
J-j>ncentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites,
"ashmgton(State), *Seattle(Washington).
£8-290 506/5 PC A08/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide Study - Seattle, Washington,
"ctober 6-November 2, f977. Part 2. Final rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Sur-
i?inance and Analysis Div.
Si X; Wilson, and J. W. Schweiss. Dec 78,169p EPA/
IP/9-78/054B
^e also Part 1, PB-290. 505.
1° obtain additional information on the magnitude and
"Patial extent of the carbon monoxide problem in
uS!*ntoWn Seattle, a 20-day study was conducted in-
•owing ae outdoor sites, five indoor sites, and two pe-
ek, ,n routes. Bag samples were analyzed by'an
!r?jrochemical oxidation method. Results for one
iflnt-hour period daily (two consecutive four-hour
jjrmP'es) were compared for the outdoor study sites
™M for five routinely operated permanent monitors in
inn central business district. The permanent monitor-
h? network adequately represented the highest eight-
hour
RI..H avefa9e C<3 concentration measured" during'the
»uay perioc| (abou, 16 ppn)) bu, no, {he njgnest fre.
ofth^ of exceedences of the 9.0 ppm standard (80%
Drnhi6 ys at one 8tudy site)- The carbon monoxide
etaiH- occurred throughout the downtown commer-
of * ct wi*n exceedences noted at least once at 22
altu i stucly sites- lndoor CO concentrations were usu-
m/o wer than at adjacent outdoor sites. Changes in
cnfe Se ln*>or and outdoor levels of CO frequently
cu«,i d' petailed descriptions of methods and dls-
."Bsion of findings are included as well as tables of
"•"a obtained during the study.
'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide,
i(Composition), Sampling, Sites,
ngton(State), "Seattle(Washington).
r 507/S PC A15/MF A01
a'1! ronmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
MoSluark'NC-
Kln2!ilnJ> °' Simulated Photochemical Smog with
tertm c M»chanlsms. Volume 1. Interim Report. In-
t. Jul 76-Jul 78,
Q 712 pplications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
P i D ^itten' H- H°9°. M- J- MeWgin. J. P. Killus, and
°ek
i D ' - . - - . . . ,
79/0°ekowies. Jan 79, 332p EF78-121A, EPA/600/3-
^ntractEPA-88-02-2428
lume 2, PB-290 508.
Computer modeling of smog chamber data is dis-
cussed in three parts. First, a series of detailed chemi-
cal mechanisms were developed to describe the pho-
tochemical formation of ozone from nitrogen oxides
and the following organic compounds (alone and in
various combinations): formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
ethylene, propylene, butane, 1-butene, trans-2-butene,
and 2,3-dimethylbutane. Second, a generalized kinetic
scheme intended for use in models simulating the for-
mation of ozone in urban atmospheres was refined..
The generalized mechanism includes a condensed
version of the detailed mechanisms developed in the
first part plus a semi-empirical scheme to describe the
oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Third, the effects
of smog chambers on ozone formation were exam-
ined. For this part of the study, similar experiments
using nitrogen oxides and propylene in eight different
smog chambers were simulated using the detailed pro-
pylene mechanism. The main chamber effects identi-
fied thus far are apparently due to nitrogen oxides de-
gassing from the walls during experiments and differ-
ences Between chambers in the spectral distribution of
ultraviolet irradiation. Volume 1 contains all textual ma-
terial.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Re-
action kinetics, 'Photochemical reactions, Test cham-
bers, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Organic compounds,
Smog, Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Ethylene, Propy-
lene, Butanes, Butenes, Inorganic compounds,
Butane/dimethyl, Chemical reaction mechanisms, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB-290 508/1 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modeling of Simulated Photochemical Smog with
Kinetic Mechanisms. Volume 2. Interim Report Ap-
pendix. Interim rept. Jul 76-Jul 78,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, M. J. Meldgin, J. P. Killus, and
P. J. Bekowies. Jan 79,415p EF78-121B, EPA/600/3-
79/001 B
Contract EPA-68-02-2428
See also Volume 1, PB-290 507.
Computer modeling of smog chamber data is dis-
cussed in three parts. First, a series of detailed chemi-
cal mechanisms were developed to describe the pho-
tochemical formation of ozone from nitrogen oxides
and the following organic compounds (alone and in
various combinations): formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
ethylene, propylene, butane, 1 -butene, trans-2-butene,
and 2,3-dimethylbutane. Second, a generalized kinetic
scheme intended for use in models simulating the for-
mation of ozone in urban atmospheres was refined.
The generalized mechanism includes a condensed
version of the detailed mechanisms developed in the
first part plus a semi-empirical scheme to describe the
oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Third, the effects
of smog chambers on ozone formation were exam-
ined. For this part of the study, similar experiments
using nitrogen oxides and propylene in eight different
smog chambers were simulated using the detailed pro-
pylene mechanism. The main chamber effects identi-
fied thus far are apparently due to nitrogen oxides de-
gassing from the walls during experiments and differ-
ences Between chambers in the spectral distribution of
ultraviolet irradiation. Volume 2 contains graphs of
measured and simulated pollutant concentrations for
many smog chamber experiments.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Re-
action kinetics, 'Photochemical reactions,
"Graphs(Charts), Test chambers, Smog, Formalde-
hyde, Acetaldehyde, Ethylene, Propylene, Butanes,
Butenes, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Butane/dimethyl, At-
mospheric chemistry, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-290 514/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demonstration of Wellman-Lord/Allled Chemical
FQD Technology: Acceptance Test Results,
TRW, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. C. Adams, S. J. Lutz, and S.W. Mulligan. Jan 79,
129p EPA/600/7-79/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-1877
See also report for May 74-Jan 76, PB-269 885.
The report gives results of acceptance tests of Well-
man-Lord/Allied Chemical flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) technology. Process performance guarantees
were met or exceeded. During the 12-day Design Load
test, the plant was operated at the design condition of
a boiler flue gas output rate equivalent to 80% of the
maximum boiler load of 115 MW gross. During the 83-
hour High Load test, the plant treated flue gas volumes
equivalent to 95% of maximum boiler load. SO2 re-
moval of 90% or better was achieved. Particulate
emissions did not exceed 0.1 Ib/million Btu of boiler
heat input. The consumption of steam, natural gas,
and electrical power was less than the performance
guarantee requirements at Design Load conditions.
Soda ash consumption was less than the limit set by
the performance guarantees. Finally, sulfur product
purity was greater than 99.5%.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, Coal, Flue gases, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Energy consumption, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), 'Wellman process, 'Flue gas desulfuri-
zation.
PB-290 515/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bench Scale Development of Meyers Process for
Coal Desulfurization. Final rept. Nov 75-Oct 77,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
R. A. Meyers, E. P. Koutsoukos, M. J. Santy, and R.
Orsini. Jan 79,104p EPA/600/7-79/012
Contract EPA-68-02-2121
The report gives results of coal desulfurization experi-
ments to determine the feasibility and advantages of
combining gravity separation of coal with chemical de-
sulfurization. The investigations led to the definition of
the Gravichem Process, a combination physical/
chemical coal desulfurization scheme involving
Meyers Process reagent and chemistry. Two coals
were investigated: a run-of-the-mine coal sample and
a mine-cleaned (MC) coal sample, both from the Mar-
tinka Mine, Lower Kittanning seam, and furnished by
the American Electric and Power System (AEP Utility).
Coal selection was influenced by the 60 million tons of
recoverable Martinka Mine coal reserves, by the avail-
ability of coal output from a modern, commercial size,
physical coal cleaning plant at the same mine, and by
AEP's expressed interest in physical and chemical
coal desulfurization as a means of solving sulfur pollu-
tion problems. MC Martinka coal will be the first coal to
be tested at the 8 tons per day Meyers Process Reac-
tor Test Unit.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Desulfurization, Air pol-
lution, Chemical cleaning, Design criteria, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis. Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Sulfur, Feasibility,
'Physical chemical treatment, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Meyers process, Gravichem process.
PB-290 524/8 PC A11 /MF A01
Envfronmetal Radiation Protection Requirements
for Normal Operations of Activities In the Uranium
Fuel Cycle (40 CFR 190). Volume I. Final environ-
mental statement rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
1 Nov 76,240p EPA/520/4-76/016-A
See also Volume 2, PB-290 525.
Volume I describes and evaluates new standards to
limit radiation doses to the general public and quanti-
ties of long-lived radioactive materials in the general
environment attributable to planned releases from op-
erations contributing to the generation of electrical
power through the uranium fuel cycle. These stand-
ards apply to milling, chemical conversion, Isotoplc en-
richment, fuel fabrication, light-water-cooled reactors,
and fuel reprocessing, but exclude mining, the trans-
portation of radioactive materials in connection with
any of these operations, and waste management oper-
ations. The standards specifically limit irreversible con-
tamination due to releases or radioactive krypton,
iodine 129, and alpha-emitting transuranics. The total
reduction In potential health impact attributable to op-
erations through the year 2000 is estimated to be in
excess of 1000 cases of cancer, leukemia, and serious
genetic effects in human populations. In addition maxi-
mum annual radiation doses are limited to 25 millirems
to the whole body and all other organs except the thy-
roid, which would be limited to 75 millirems.
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Radiation protection,
'Health physics, Uranium, Nuclear fuel cycles, Krypton
85, Iodine isotopes, Plutonium 239, Alpha decay, Yran-
December 1983 591
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
suranium elements, Environmental impacts, Economic
Impact, Public health, Regulations, Standards, Evalua-
tion, Humans, Iodine 129, Alpha decay radioisotopes,
Environmental health.
PB-290 52S/S PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Protection Require-
ments for Normal Operation* of Activities In the
Uranium Fuel Cycle (40 CFR 190). Volume II. Final
environmental statement rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
1 Nov 76,311p EPA/520/4-76/016-B
See also Volume 1, PB-290 524.
Volume II provides responses to all comment letters
submitted on the Draft Environmental Statement. Tes-
timony, both written and oral, received in connection
with the public hearing on the standards held March 8-
10,1976, and letters related to that hearing are not in-
cluded. All of the comment letters are reproduced in
the appendix together with an index which provides a
guide to locating the comment letters by code number.
The comments are grouped by subject matter into sev-
eral areas of concern, which generally correspond to
the organization of material in Volume I. The re-
sponses are brief, and make reference to Volume I and
its supporting document when more detailed technical
information is appropriate. Regulations setting forth
these environmental radiation standards were promul-
gated in final form January 13,1977 (42FR 2858).
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Radiation protection,
'Health physics, Responses, Uranium, Nuclear fuel
cycles, Krypton 85, Iodine isotopes, Plutonium 239,
Alpha decay, Transuranium elements, Economic
impact, Public health, Regulations, Standards, Evalua-
tion, Humans, Iodine 129, Alpha decay radioisotopes,
Environmental health.
PB-290 557/8 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manu-
facture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Karl J. Zobel, and Neil Efird. Dec 78,72p* EPA/450/2-
78/030, OAQPS-1.2-106
This document provides the necessary guidance for
development of regulations to limit emissions of vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC) from manufacture of
pneumatic rubber tire operations. Emissions are char-
acterized and reasonably available control technology
(PACT) is defined for each of four major sources:
green tire spraying, undertread cementing, tread-end
cementing, and bead dipping. Information on cost of
control and environmental impact is also Included.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Rubber industry,
'Organic compounds, 'Tires, 'Guidelines, Regula-
tions, Manufacturing, Sources, Cost analysis, Process
charting, Design criteria. Capitalized costs.
PB-290 556/6 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy/Environment III. Proceedings of National
Conference on the Interagency R and D Program
(3rd) Held at Washington, DC. on Jun 1 and 2,
1978.
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, MD. Vitro
Labs. Div.
Oct 78,363p* EPA/600/9-78/022
Contract EPA-68-01-2934
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-277 917.
Energy/Environment III provides an update of Inter-
agency research programs in particular areas, includ-
ing health effects, transport processes and ecological
effects, mining methods and reclamation, control tech-
nology and integrated technology assessment. Com-
plete texts of all papers are presented, along with ad-
dresses, panel discussions, and question and answer
periods.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Public
health, Ecology, Mining, Land reclamation, Air pollu-
tion control, Solid waste disposal, Water pollution
abatement, Air pollution abatement, Monitoring, Elec-
tric power generation, Coal, Combustion products, En-
vironmental impacts, Technology assessment, Pro-
ceedings, Energy source development.
PB-290 566/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
New Sampling Theory for Measuring Ecosystem
Structure. Final rept. Oct 77-Oct 78,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Electrical
Engineering.
Robert J. Mulholland. Dec 78,69p EPA/600/3-78/104
Grant EPA-R-805564010
This research considered the application of systems
analysis to the study of laboratory ecosystems. The
work concerned the development of a methodology
which was shown to be useful in the design of labora-
tory experiments, the processing and interpretation of
the results of these experiments, the development of
model structures for microcosms based upon experi-
mental data, the testing of the predictive capabilities of
evaluative models, and the analysis of measurement
errors in the presence of noise. Development of the
experimental design methodology was based upon a
non-Nyquist sampling theory which gave a priori com-
putable bounds on the sample period for data collec-
tion. Results of the research project included a defini-
tion for the bandwidth of an ecosystem in the frequen-
cy domain, an indication of the effect of measurement
noise on the sample period for data acquisition, a
scheme for reducing this noise, and a computer code
for model identification based upon the experimental
design developed. The project also produced the con-
ditions under which two new schemes for model identi-
fication were applicable to the construction of linear
compartment models.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Ecology, 'Mathematical
models, Sampling, Systems analysis, Experimental
design, Errors, Linear systems, Theorems, Computer
programming, Statistical analysis,
Matrices(Mathematics), Fortran, Eigenvectors, 'Eco-
systems, Microcosms, IBM-370 computers.
PB-290 568/5 PC A03/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from
Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Sys-
tems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Stephen A. Shedd, and Nancy D. Mclaughlin. Dec 78,
31 p* EPA/450/2-78/051, QAQPS-1.2-119
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from gasoline tank trucks and
vapor collection systems at bulk terminals, bulk plants
and service stations. The intent of this guidance is to
define leak tight conditions and related test proce-
dures for vapor collection systems and tank trucks
while loading and unloading gasoline at these facilities.
The control approach described in this document Is im-
proved maintenance and would be enforced through
the surveillance and periodic testing of leak points.
This guidance includes a recommended regulation and
testing procedures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Tank trucks, 'Regulations, Gasoline, Cargo
transport, Vapors, Refueling, Leaks, Maintenance,
'Fugitive emissions, Service stations.
PB-290 569/3 PC A03/MF A01
Qasohol Test Program. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Richard Lawrence. Dec 78,42p 79-4A, TAEB-79-4A
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Eleven vehicles (4 three-way systems and 7 oxidation
catalyst systems) were tested on five fuels. A summer
grade gasoline was selected as the base fuel and was
used both before and after testing on the two commer-
cial gasohols. Indolene and a gasohol fuel containing
indolene and ethanol were the other two fuels. All gas-
ohol fuels used in this program contained 10 percent
ethanol (by volume). Duplicate tests were planned on
four fuels and four tests were planned on the base fuel.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ethanol, 'Automotive fuels,
'Exhaust emissions, Alcohols, Blends, Hydrocarbons,
Tests, 'Gasohol.
PB-290 578/4 PC A08/MF A01
Interagency Program In Energy-Related Health
and Environmental Effects Research. Project
Status Report.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Jan 79,170p EPA/600/7-79/009
Projects reported in this document are grouped under
one of four major research areas. The first area is iden-
tification of hazardous agents associated with non-nu-
clear energy technologies. These projects involved the
development of qualitative methods for the identifica-
tion of hazardous materials. The second area is devel-
opment of more rapid and sensitive methods to evalu-
ate dose to man. These projects focused on the devel-
opment of quantitative methods for measuring degree
of toxicity of various pollutants. The third area is deter-
mination of the metabolism and fate of hazardous
agents associated with energy technologies. These
projects involved determination of the physiological
activities of several known carcinogens. The fourth re-
search area is evaluation of hazards to man. In addi-
tion to studies of the effects of certain pollutants on
humans, several of the projects concerned prepara-
tion of standard pollutant samples for use in future
studies to increase the comparability of results. A list
of additional studies funded under this program is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology.
'Energy, Research, Humans, Projects, Identifying,
Dosage, Metabolism, Bacteria, Materials, Measure-
ment, Coal, Neoplasms, Bioassay, Indicator species.
In vitro analysis, Air pollution, Behavior, Environmental
health, Carcinogenesis, 'Toxic substances, Mutagen-
esis, Health screening, Bioindicators, Cytotoxicity.
PB-290 579/2 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Petro-
leum Liquid Storage In External Floating Roof
Tanks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Richard K. Burr, Kerri C. Brothers, and Jack G. Wright.
Dec 78,64p EPA/450/2078/047, OAQPS-1.2-116
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations limiting emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from storage of petroleum liq-
uids in external floating roof tanks. Reasonably availa-
ble control technology (RACT) is defined in this docu-
ment; cost analysis for RACT is Included for evaluating
the cost effectiveness of controlling external floating
roof tank sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Petroleum industry.
'Storage tanks, 'Guidelines, 'Organic compounds,
Cost analysis, Regulations, Sources, Technology.
Seals, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-290 580/0 PC A07/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emission* from Manu-
facture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards-
David A. Beck, Leslie B. Evans, and Karl Zobel. Dec
78,136p' EPA/450/2-78/029, OAQPS-1.2-105
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from manufacture of synthe-
sized pharmaceutical products. The report Includes a
characterization of manufacturing operations, emis-
sions from these operations, applicable controls ana
costs of controls. General emission control guidelines
are provided which represent application of reason-
ably available control technology (RACT).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Drugs, 'Organic
compounds, 'Guidelines, Industrial wastes, Manufac-
turing, Cost analysis, Combustion products, Sources,
Design criteria, Process charting, Performance evalua-
tion, Monitoring, Regulations.
PB-290 611/3 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Proposed Colorado State Inspec-
tion/Maintenance Program. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas C. Bejma. Nov 78,15p 79-2, TAEB-79-2
592 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The results of this pilot effort confirm the poor emis-
sion performance of relatively new, in-use passenger
cars although 1977 and 1978 automobiles displayed
batter control than those prior to confirmatory tasting
W high altitude. The underhood inspections revealed
[nat many vehicles had been subjected to various
forms of maladjustments, primarily ignition timing and
rale mixture. It was found that a respnable I/M program
at nigh altitude would be effective in identifying higher
emitters.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Inspection, "Maintenance,
Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, Performance eval-
uation, Mixtures, Ignitions, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Colorado, * High altitudes.
PB-290 612/1 PC A03/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy (rom Auto-
mobiles Using Alcohol/Gasoline Blends under
"'Oh-Altltude Conditions. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
i ecnnology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
°avid Richardson. Oct 78, 28p 79-1, TAEB-79-1
This paper, describes the results of emissions tests on
ten passenger cars operated on fuel blends containing
">ethanol and ethanol. The purpose of the program
was to determine the immediate exhaust emission and
juel economy changes due to use of alcohol/gasoline
"lands under high altitude conditions. The vehicles
represented the 1973-1978 model years and were ran-
oomly selected from private owners in the Denver
«ea. The test procedures used were the Federal Test
procedure (exhaust emissions only) and the Highway
ruel Economy Test. Fuel economy was measured and
recorded using the carbon balance technique.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Automotive fuels, Blends, Gasoline,
Methyl alcohol, Ethanol, Tables(Data), Automobile ex-
haust, High altitudes.
JJB-290 613/9 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Perch-
woethylene Dry Cleaning Systems,
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
W, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Charles F. Kleeberg, and Jack G. Wright. Dec 78, 73p*
EPA/450/2-78/050, OAQPS-1 .2-117
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations limiting emissions of Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds (VOC) from perchloroethylene dry
^waning systems. Reasonably Available Control Tech-
no ogy (PACT) is defined and a cost analysis of RACT
^ included in order that cost effectiveness may be
^aluated for these systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
Ppunds, 'Dry cleaning, 'Regulations, Technology,
X?st analysis, Sources, Solvents, Design criteria,
j-Jiiprine organic compounds, Solid waste disposal,
"•tor pollution control, 'Ethylene/chloro.
jJB-290 617/0 PC A03/MF A01
5"Y>ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
jn Evaluation of the Organochromlum Content of
J7*»age Sludge. Final rept. Oct 77-Jan 79,
wonsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
*££±- Sr"erman, Joseph J. Brooks, Leroy Metcalfe,
SW I Thomas J. Hoogheem. Jan 79, 43p MRC-DA-831 ,
£PA/560/6-78/010
T|)e organochromium content of aewage sludge was
j~*aiuated during this study. Sewage sludges contain-
,"8 chromium were obtained. These sludges were ana-
jrad to determine total chromium and then fractionat-
r? to obtain four chromium fractions. The fractions
^Presented soluble chromium, catlonic chromium
""."ft was dilute acid soluble, and alkali soluble and in-
!j»uble fractions. The two later fractions represent the
"jromium which is associated with humus and humln
jrfPectivery. Mixtures of the sludges were analyzed for
and fractionated chromium. These mixtures were
on for
twenty-two other elements). These data were collect-
ed for sludge mixtures both before and after digestion
studies. Comparisons were made of the distribution of
the various elements.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Chromium organic com-
pounds, 'Chemical analysis, Anaerobic processes,
Aerobic processes, Distillation, Extraction, Sampling,
Design criteria, Laboratory equipment.
PB-290 618/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
An Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Health Effects:
Washington, DC. Metropolitan Area. Final rept.
1973-74,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Eugene P. Seskin. Feb 79,78p EPA/600/5-79/002
Contract EPA-68-03-2415
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-273 016.
The study represents an extension of research begun
under a contract (No. 68-01 -3144) funded jointly by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S.
Department of Transportation entitled, 'Air Pollution
and Health in Washington, D.C.: An Analysis of Some
Acute Health Effects of Air Pollution in the Washington
Metropolitan Area.' In the original study three basic
categories of data ware analyzed: health information,
air quality measurements, and weather factors. Since
undertaking that analysis, additional air pollution and
weather data became available. This study has at-
tempted to examine the implications on previous con-
clusions of analyzing this expanded data base. The
study period was again 1973-74 and focused on the
Washington, DC Metropolitan Area. Statistical models
were formulated to test the hypothesis that air pollu-
tion can aggravate the health status of a population
and can result in increased utilization of certain types
of medical care services. The statistical results indicat-
ed that air pollution levels had a very limited effect on
the health-care utilization of the group practice even
after the additional air pollution and meteorological
data were examined.
Keywords: 'Health status, 'Health care utilization,
•District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, Mathematical
models, Statistical data, Assessments, Medical serv-
ices, Economic analysis, Regression analysis, Benefit
cost analysis, Tabls(Data), Air pollution, Meteorologi-
cal data, Epidemiology, Statistical analysis, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Exhaust emissions, Nitrogen
dioxide, Air pollution economics, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Metropolitan areas, Economic
impact, Photochemical oxidants, Automobile exhaust,
Prepaid group practice.
PB-290 653/5
PC A05/MF A01
JrV days. After the 30 day period the sludge mixtures
jr^e reanalyzed. Good mass balances were obtained
* both the distribution of chromium among fractions
rjjnpared with total chromium analyses and between
ywpre and after digestion samples. Data also was col-
*ct*l from the four fractions des
described earlier (for
A Preliminary Analysis of Nitrous Oxlde(NZO) In-
cluding a Materials Balance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
C. Richard Cothern. Jan 79,84p* EPA/560/6-79/001
This preliminary analysis of the sources, sinks and
effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere Is a
snapshot in time of a rapidly moving object. Much has
been learned about this gas in recent years but much
remains to be determined. The most reasonable resi-
dence time for N2O in the atmosphere Is in the range
of 100-150 years. Since the change in atmospheric
concentration of N20 is less than 1 % per year, this im-
plies that the release rate is in the range of 10-15 Mt
N2O/year. The combination of freshwater, ocean and
sediment sources appears to be about 7 Mt N2O/year
which means that the most that land/crop/fertilizer
systems can contribute is 8 Mt N2O/year. The un-
known in this balance is the concentration of land/
crop/fertilizer systems. Measurement of such fluxes
are needed. It appears that the only sinks for N2O are
in the stratosphere. The overall effect of N2O on
stratospheric ozone is predicted to be small and could
lead to an Increase in stratospheric ozone. The contri-
bution of man made nitrous oxide appears to be small
at the present time but is expected to grow. The overall
problem is an important one on the time scale 20-50
years and is not an immediate crisis.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(N20). 'Air pollution,
Stratosphere, Ozone, Fresh water, Sea water, Sedi-
ments, Land, Fertilizers, Farm crops, Sources, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Path of pollutants.
PB-290 665/0 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cost Impact of Marine Pollution on Recreation
Travel Patterns. Final rept. 1975-77,
Economics Research Associates, McLean, VA.
A. B. Bigler, H. McCarty, and R. Shawn. Feb 79,152p*
EPA/600/5-79/003
Contract EPA-68-01-3197
The report of the National Commission on Water Qual-
ify (NCWR) September 5,1975, indicated the clean-up
(from point sources) of the nation's lakes and rivers
would result in an estimated $6 billion in increased
economic activity annually by 1985. Improving the
quality of water to the extent possible would result in a
total travel cost associated with seasonal recreational
(outdoor) swimming of $1,047.0 million. A methodolo-
gy for assessing the economic impact of a pollution oc-
currence on a recreation/tourist community is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Economic impact, 'Rec-
reation, Reviews, Travel, Cost analysis, Beaches,
Swimming, Fishing, Water pollution control, Attitude
surveys, Demography, Assessments, Savings, Esthet-
ics, Losses, Long Island, United States, Tables(Data),
Tourism, 'Water based recreation.
PB-290 657/6 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Emission Density Zoning Guidebook. A Technical
Guide to Maintaining Air Quality Standards
Through Land-Use-Based Emission Limits. Final
rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Norman F. Kron, Alan S. Cohen, and Linda M. Mele.
Sep 78,322p* EPA/450/3-78/048
An emission density zoning (EDZ) regulation Is an air
pollution control strategy that Is similar to traditional
land use zoning (which controls development density
in particular areas) in that EDZ controls air pollution by
setting emission density limits (EDLs) for certain areas
of land. EDLs restrict the rate of pollutant emlssionper
unit area (such as grams per second per hectare). This
document is step-by-step procedural guide designed
to help regional planning and air pollution control
agencies set EDLs for sulfur dioxide and paniculate
matter within a metropolitan area. The EDLs, set
through the use of a computer-assisted dispersion
model and linear programming package, ensure the at-
tainment and maintenance of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards and compliance with Prevention of
Significant Deterioration regulations. Difficult concepts
are explained in appendices to the guidebook.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Land use zoning,
'Standards, 'Regional planning, Sulfur dioxide, Parti-
cles, Mathematical models, Computer programming,
Atmospheric diffusion, Sources, Linear programming,
Urban planning, 'Air quality, 'Emission density limits,
•Air pollution standards.
PB-290 658/4 PC A07/MF A01
Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Blogenlc
Airborne Sulfur Compounds, Cedar Island Field
Study, 1977,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, R. W. Shaw, R. E. Baumgardner, R. S.
Braman, and J. M. Ammons. Jan 79,13Bp EPA/600/2-
79/004
Prepared in cooperation with University cf South Flor-
ida, Tampa. Dept. of Chemistry.
Sulfur in both gaseous and paniculate form has been
measured near blogenlc sources using new measure-
ment techniques. The preconcentration of gaseous
sulfur on gold-coated glass beads followed by desorp-
tton into a flame photometric detection for sulfur is
shown to have a detection limit of 0.1-0.2 no of sulfur
and to allow for speciation of H2S, CH3SH and
(CH3J2S at low parts per trillion levels. Ambient levels
of NO2 and 03 were found to alter the molecular form
of sulfur on the beads unless scrubbed from the sam-
pled air. A collection technique using tandem filters is
extended from earlier efforts on fine and coarse aero-
sol to include collection of S02 and H2S on chemically
coated filters; these filters are analyzed by X-ray flu-
orescence for sulfur content. Measurements of gases
evolved from biogenlc sources reveal H2S and
December 1983 593
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(CH3)2S as primary components with significant diur-
nal variations. Recommendations for further instru-
ment development are given.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, *Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, 'Sulfur organic compounds, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Fines, Aerosols, X ray
analysis, X ray fluorescence, Hydrogen sulfide, Biologi-
cal productivity, Sampling, Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution
detection, Sulfide/dimethyl, Sulfide/methyl.
PB-290 659/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Metal Bloaccumulatlon In Fishes and Aquatic In-
vertebrates: A Literature Review. Final rept.,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Glenn R. Phillips, and Rosemarie C. Russo. Dec 78,
125p* EPA/600/3-78/103
Grant R-8039SO
Literature concerning the bioaccumulatlon of metals
by freshwater and marine fishes and invertebrates has
been reviewed; metal residue levels are also reported
for a few mammals and plants. Twenty-one metals are
considered in individual sections of the review and a
bibliography of over 300 literature citations is included.
The major sources of each metal to the environment
are listed as are the causes and symptoms of metal
toxicity in humans. Some discussion is included on the
health implications of human consumption of metal-
contaminated aquatic organisms. Available informa-
tion is presented on: routes of accumulation, kinetics
of accumulation and excretion, distribution within orga-
nisms, physiological responses of organisms, residue-
toxicity thresholds, chemical speciation relative to bio-
logical availability, and microbial and chemical inter-
conversions in aqueous systems. Major areas of insuf-
ficient knowledge are identified. Few metals accumu-
late in the edible portions of aquatic organisms; more-
over, most metals when ingested orally have a rela-
tively low toxicity to humans. However, mercury, ar-
senic, and radioactive cesium may reach hazardous
concentrations in edible tissues of fishes and shell-
fishes; additionally, in shellfishes, cadmium, lead, and
other metal isotopes may exceed levels safe for
human consumption.
Keywords: "Metals, "Fresh water fishes, "Inverte-
brates, Reviews, Marine biology, Residues, Mammals,
Plants(Botany), Bibliographies, Signs and symptoms,
Toxicity, Tissues(Biology), Shellfish, Accumulation,
Physiology, Responses, "Bioaccumulation, "Heavy
metals, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-290 660/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study. High Volume Filter
Measurements of Suspended Partlculate Matter.
Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
E. Nelson. Jan 79,112p EPA/600/4-79/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
«
Ten of the 25 stations making up the Regional Air
Monitoring System were equipped with dichotomous
samplers and high volume filter samplers for aerosol
measurements. The high volume samplers collected
samples every third day for 24-hour periods (0000-
2400). Sample filters were returned to a chemical labo-
ratory where weights of total suspended paniculate
(TSP) were determined, and wet chemical analyses
performed for sulfates and nitrates. A total of 2358
samples were obtained between March 1975 and
March 1977. The report describes both the operation
of the sampling network, including equipment mainte-
nance, and analysis and quality control procedures
and results. Analyses were made to determine sea-
sonal and spatial variations of the three parameters
measured. The station geometric mean concentra-
tions of TSP varied from 33.0 to 90.9 micrograms/cu
m, sulfate ranged from 7.0 to 12.7 micrograms/cu m,
and nitrate from 2.3 to 3.8 micrograms/cu m. Sulfate
showed the greatest seasonal vanation, peaking in the
summer months, and nitrate the least, with no consist-
ent patterns discemable. An Appendix lists all individu-
al sampling results obtained. These data are stored in
the RAPS Data Bank In Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Keywords: "Air filters, "Aerosols, "Gas analysis, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Laboratory equipment, Seasonal variations,
Concentration(Composition), Spatial distribution, Data
analysis, Tables(Data), Air pollution, "Air pollution
sampling, "Total suspended participates, "Air pollution
detection.
PB-290 661/8 PC A99/MF EOS
EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Data Base (1978). Molecu-
lar Weights and Indexes.
NationalStandard Reference Data System.
S. R. Heller, and G. W. A. Milne. Dec 78,4654p*
NSRDS-NBS-63
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Planning and Man-
agement, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst.,
Bethesda, MD. Library of Congress catalog card no.
78-606175.
To be sold only as a 5 volume set.
This publication presents a collection of 25,556 veri-
fied mass spectra of Individual substances compiled
from the EPA/NIH mass spectral file. The spectra are
given in bar graph format over the full mass range.
Each spectrum is accompanied by a Chemical Ab-
stracts Index substance name, molecular formula, mo-
lecular weight, structural formula, and Chemical Ab-
stracts Service Registry Number.
Keywords: "Mass spectra, "Organic compounds,
Tables(Data), Molecular weight, Molecular structure.
PB-290 666/7 PC A03/MF A01
Restorative Maintenance Retestlng of 1977 Model
Year Passenger Cars In Denver. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. Nov 78, 36p 79-3, TAEB-79-3
The report describes the results of an exhaust emis-
sion testing program in which 24 relatively new vehi-
cles sampled in a Restorative Maintenance Program in
Denver were retested approximately one year later.
Many vehicles had experienced maladjustments and
disablements even though the owner reported that he
felt his vehicle had been maintained according to the
manufacturer's recommendations. Reductions in aver-
age emission levels followed the correction of the mal-
adjustment and disablement actions to a point close to
those after the prior tune-up. Modest fuel economy im-
provements were noted this year, probably due to the
fact that the vehicles had overcome trie 'green engine'
effect.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Maintenance, "Exhaust
gases, Passenger vehicles, Exhaust emissions, In-
spection, Air pollution abatement, Colorado, Motor ve-
hicles(1977 models), Fuel economy,
Denver(Colorado).
PB-290 671/7
PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Long-term Reduction and Dlel Fluctu-
ations In Dissolved Oxygen on Spawning of Black
Grapple, 'Pomoxls nlgromaculatus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Anthony R. Carlson, and Lawrence J. Herman. 1978,
5p EPA/600/J-78/086
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci-
ety, v107 n5 p742-746,1978.
Mature black crappies were exposed over winter in the
laboratory to constant dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions near 2.5,4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 mg/liter. Starting on 26
April during a simulated spring-to-summer rise in water
temperature, some were continued at the original
oxygen concentrations while others were subjected to
mean diel fluctuations ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 mg O2/
liter above and below the original concentrations. Con-
trols were maintained at concentrations near air satu-
ration. No spawning occurred at the lowest fluctuating
treatment of 1.8 to 4.1 mg/liter. This treatment also
caused behavioral aberrations as the water tempera-
ture reached 20C. Successful spawning occurred
during all other treatments.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Oxygen, Fishes, Ex-
posure, Concentration(Composition), Simulation, Be-
havior, Reproduction(Biology), Dissolved gases, Re-
quirements, Embryos, Fecundity, Reprints, "Pomoxis
nigromaculatus, Black crappie.
PB-290 672/5 PC A02/MF A01
Thermal Shock Effects on Larvae of Caddis Fly
'Brachycentrus amerlcanus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Jack A. Salmela, and Richard J. Anderson. 1978,4p
EPA/600/J-78/087
Pub. in Jnl. of the Minnesota Academy of Science, v44
n3p25-27,1978.
Wild-collected Brachycentrus americanus larvae were
subjected to thermal shocks of 30-minute and 60-
minute duration in June, September, and December of
1976. Temperatures at collection were 14.7,10.4, and
1.2 C, respectively. The TLSO's for both 30-minute and
60-minute shock durations ranged from 33.3C to 34.C
for each month, except for a 30-minute exposure In
September, which had a TL50 of 34.6C. Larvae from a
December exposure were held for 16 days to observe
postexposure behavior. Feeding was reduced 50 per;
cent among specimens exposed to temperatures 1.20
below the 30-minute TL50 and 3.6C below the 60-
minute TL50.
Keywords: "Thermal shock, Larvae, Water pollution,
Temperatures, Behavior, Bioassay, Experimental data,
Exposure, Reprints, Caddis fly, Brachycentrus amen-
canus, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Thermal pol-
lution.
PB-290 674/1 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Environmental Implications of Trends In Agricul-
ture and Silviculture. Volume II: Environmental Ef-
fects of Trends. Final rept,,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
Samuel G. Unger. Dec 78, 247p* EPA/600/3-78/102
Contract EPA-68-03-2451
Prepared in cooperation with Tuolumne Corp., Corte
Madera, CA. See also Volume 1 , PB-274 233.
This study assesses those trends in U.S. agriculture
and silviculture that will have the most significant envi-
ronmental implications, either beneficial or adverse, In
,
health. The second volume also contains an assess-
ment of continuing research needs and prospective
policy issues involving environmental quality manage-
ment.
Keywords: "Agriculture, "Forestry, "Environmental im-
pacts, "Water pollution, Trends, Assessments, Farm
crops, Production, Cultivation, Irrigation, Scheduling,
Forest trees, Grassland, Soil erosion, Ecology, Har-
vesting, Cattle, Aquatic animals, Wildlife, Public health,
Policies, Silviculture, Feedlot wastes, Research needs.
PB-290 687/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Development of a Rapid Analytical Method for De-
termining Asbestos In Water. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun
78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Carl W. Melton, Sandra J. Anderson, Carolyn F. Dye,
W. Eugene Chase, and Richard E. Heffelfinger. Dec
78, 80p EPA/600/4-78/066
Contract EPA-68-03-2199
The development of a rapid analytical method for de-
termining chrysotile asbestos in water that requires
substantially less time per analysis than electron mi-
croscopy methods is described. Based on the proposi-
tion that separation of chrysotile from other water-
borne paniculate would greatly simplify the task of de-
tection, the research effort was directed toward estab-
lishing separation and concentration techniques. This
investigation led to the development of a separation
procedure whereby chrysotile is extracted from a
water sample into an immiscible organic liquid phase.
The procedure is called two-phase liquid separation
(TPLS). TPLS has been combined with a light micro-
scopic intercept counting technique and with a colon-
metric spot test detection technique to result in two
complete rapid analytical methods. The TPLS-light mi-
croscopic (LM) method requires more expensive
detection of the TPLS-spot te«t method is -..,-.- ,
mately 100 ng. The TPLS-LM method, therefore, »
recommended as a first choice, and the TPLS-spo'
594 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jest method is recommended for use under conditions
Wat require no greater detection sensitivity than 100
n9 per sample. Experiments have shown that 75 per-
cent of the chrysolite is extracted by TPLS,
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Asbestos, Chemical
analysis, Water pollution, Separation,
Concentration(Composition), Extraction, Sampling,
Liquid phases, Binary systems(Materials), 'Water pol-
lution detection, Two phase liquid separation method.
PB-290 690/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, A
plot Literature Survey,
Tracer Jltco, Inc., Rockville, MD.
nandall D. Huffman, and Cynthia Aller. Jan 79, 82p
EPA/560/6-79/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4116
For the past three years, the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances' Monitoring Division has been involved in in-
vestigating the establishment of a data base of chemi-
cals identified in human tissues and body fluids. A pre-
liminary computer search in 1976 revealed that ade-
quate descriptors do not exist for retrieving body-
ourden information from existing computer files and in-
dicated a manual approach would be necessary. This
fePort contains the results of a pilot manual literature
survey accomplished by Tracor-Jitco for the period
January 1977 through September 1978. Fifty-one rele-
vant articles containing information on fifty-three differ-
™« substances were identified in forty-two selected
lournals. Data extracted from those articles is orga-
reor? alPhabet• in Proceedings of the Conference on Radiocar-
£>n Dating with Accelerators (First), Held at Roches-
'er, NY. on April 20-21 , 1978, p372-390.
Jjeasurements of the 14C/12C ratio in environmental
•arbonaceous species can provide a unique indication
J* natural vs anthropogenic (fossil fuel) origin. Be-
~au*e of the low concentrations of atmospheric gases
JJ"0 particles which contain carbon, convenient
ea*5 8izes are limited to ter>8 of milligrams of
j£roon. An assessment of the measurement feasibil-
using 10 mg-C samples and Accelerator Mass
BCtrometry and Low-Level Counting is given, to-
2Sh,er with the kinds of environmental problems which
|»ignt be studied. Preliminary low-level gas-proportion-
" counting results, are given for atmospheric. particu-
""* samples containing 5-1 0 mg-C.
Keywords: 'Radiocarbon dating, Carbon U, Carbon
la- Fossil fuels, Low level counting.
710/3
PC A06/MF A01
>?£••* impactor Data Reduction with SR-S2 and
7g"°9 Programmable Calculators. Rept. for May-Jun
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
E. Sparks. Nov 78,114p* EPA/600/7-78/226
sba rS*M Proves "»efol tools for obtaining particle
r|? distributions and graded penetration data from
r|?caue impactor measurements. The programs cal-
". impactor aerodynamic cut points, total mass
ted by the impactor, cumulative mass fraction
1 than for each stage, log-normal size distribution
"leters for the data, and graded penetration.
» programs are written for the Texas Instruments
• and TI-59 programmable calculators, and the
-rinter. A general discussion of the program,
JT-;"*smpie problem, program listing, and user instruc-
"""s are provided for each pr<
i program.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Air pollution
control, Computer programs, Data reduction, Curve fit-
ting, 'Cascade impactors, 'Air pollution sampling, Tl/
SR-52 programmable calculators, TI-59 programma-
ble calculators, Spline functions. Spline interpolation.
PB-290 712/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Linear Programming Derived Optimization Strate-
gies for Control of SOx from Coal-Fired Power
Plants. Contract rept.,
PEDCO-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
John Richards, A. Carl Nelson, and Albert Hardy. Nov
77,120p EPA/450/5-79/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1452
A linear programming (LP) technique has been used to
determine a least cost SO2 control strategy for a net-
work of coal-fired power plants. The general strategy
consists of multi-stream coal cleaning in conjunction
with the use of low sulfur coal supplies and flue gas de-
sulfurization. The use of linear programming is demon-
strated to be a convenient mechanism to rapidly identi-
fy the most economically attractive fuel redistribution/
S02 control options. The structure of the technique is
a transshipment model. The simplex algorithm is used
to determine the minimum of an objective function
which includes the major cost components of interest.
Non-linear cost functions are handled with a heuristic
approach. The LP results for two hypothetical power
plant networks suggest that the use of flue gas desul-
furization and coal cleaning as a combined strategy
yields a reduction In S02 compliance costs if moder-
ate capital costs can be tolerated. For a 3 plant system
with a combined capacity of 1150 MW, the LP solution
resulted in an incremental capital cost of 36.5 million
and an 11 percent reduction in total annualized costs.
Annualized costs for a large network of 7 plants (com-
bined capacity 12,970 MW) could potentially be re-
duced 4.5 percent. This saving results from a 30 per-
cent reduction in annualized SO2 compliance costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Boil-
ers, Electric power plants, Cost analysis, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Capitalized costs,
Linear programming, Equipment, Coal preparation,
Design criteria, Flue gases, Mathematical models, Op-
timization, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB-290 715/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Attainment and Maintenance of Sulfur Dioxide
Standards In Puerto Rico. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Oct 78, 40p EPA/902/4-78/005
Sponsored in part by Puerto Rico Environmental Qual-
ity Board, Santurce.
This study is concerned with the predictions of sulfur
dioxide air quality levels in Puerto Rico for the years
1976 and 1990. Emission inventories for the base year
for both point and area sources had been compiled in
previous studies completed by ES. This data base was
recently updated using information provided by EQB in
October 1977. Growth estimates for the projection
year were obtained from industry and government offi-
cials and represent the best estimates of future indus-
trial production and domestic activity on the island.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Standards,
Sources, Maintenance, Particles, Inventories, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Forecasting, 'Puerto
Rico, 'Air quality maintenance, 'Air pollution stand-
ards, Point sources.
PB-290 729/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Transport of Oily Pollutant* In the Coastal Waters
of Laka Michigan; An Application of Rare Earth
Tracers,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
D. L. McCown, K. D. Saunders, J. H. Allender, J. D.
Ditmars, and W. Harrison. Nov 78,118p ANL/WR-78/
1, EPA/600/7-78/230
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Div. of Biomedical and Environmental Re-
search.
A method was developed for tagging oily waste with
dysprosium and the associated fresh water with sa-
marium. Neutron activation analysis permitted determi-
nation of rare earth concentrations as low as 40 ng/l In
15-ml water samples. Shipboard sampling procedures
were developed that allowed measurement of the
three-dimensional distribution of the spreading wastes
and associated water. The method was applied in two
field experiments that involved tracing oily wastes and
polluted water from the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC)
into Lake Michigan. For a summer, floating-plume ex-
periment, about 1400 shipboard samples were collect-
ed. Employment of the dual-tracer technique led to the
following results: (1) after artificial mixing into the water
column by a passing ship, the tagged oil did not imme-
diately resurface, and (2) there were no distinguishable
differences between the movement of the oil and
water over 4 km of travel. During a winter, sinking-
plume experiment, 1200 lake-water samples were col-
lected from a boat and from the raw-water intakes of
Chicago's South Water Filtration Plant (SWFP). These
data provided positive evidence of the intake of IHC ef-
fluent and oily waste at the SWFP. The different trac-
ers for the oily waste and underlying water gave evi-
dence of separate pathways to the SWFP, reflecting
differing transport modes for surface and near-bottom
waters.
Keywords: 'Lake Michigan, 'Water pollution, Trans-
port properties, Neutron activation analysis, Isotopic
labeling, Water analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Plumes, Chemical analysis, Dysprosium, Samarium,
Samples, 'Oil pollution, 'Path of pollutants, 'Water
pollution detection.
PB-290 742/6 PC A11/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stormwater Management
Model (SWMM) User's Group Meeting Held at An-
napolis, Maryland on November 13-14, 1978. Final
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Harry C. Torno. Nov 78,244p' EPA/600/9-79/003
See also PB-285 993.
This report includes ten papers, on various model-re-
lated topics, presented at the semi-annual joint U.S. -
Canadian Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)
Users Group Meeting, held 13-14 November 1978 in
Annapolis, Maryland. Topics covered include a de-
scription of the new SWMM Storage/Treatment pro-
gram, several papers on Stormwater retention, a meth-
odology for evaluating agricultural Best Management
Practices, two papers on model applications in facility
planning, and other papers on model applications.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Mathemat-
ical models, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings,
Overflows, Reservoirs, Water storage, Urban areas,
Flooding, Agriculture, Farms, Catch basins. Hydrology,
'Storm water runoff, Model studies. Urban hydrology.
PB-290 744/2 PC A04/MF A01
Radioactivity In Selected Mineral Extraction In-
dustries - A Literature Review. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
James D. Bliss. Nov 78,63p* ORP/LV-79/1
The mining, milling, and processing of mineral re-
sources may cause varying degrees of technologically
enhanced natural radioactivity (TENR) which is de-
pendent on the inherent uranium and thorium content
of the target resource and the details of the total ex-
traction process. The objective of this review is to iden-
tify from the available domestic literature possible me-
tallic and nonmetallic mineral extraction industries (ex-
clusive of uranium, phosphate, and fossil fuels) which
may require subsequent assessment. Certain indus-
tries such as phosphate and coal are already identified
as potential sources of radioactivity; hence, they are
excluded from this overview.
Keywords: 'Mineral deposits, 'Natural radioactivity,
'Uranium, 'Thorium, Concentratlon(Composition),
Mining, Metals, Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks,
Mills, Radioactive materials, Reviews, Mineral indus-
tries.
PB-290 777/2 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
December 1983 595
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Guideline* for Adjustment of Atmospheric Gas
Burner* tor Residential and Commercial Space
Heating and Water Heating. Final rept. Sep 77-Dec
78.
Bartelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. W. DeWerth, R. L. Himmel. and D. W. Looklin. Feb
79,35p* EPA/600/8-79/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2653
The guidelines contain recommended procedures for
adjusting residential and commercial atmospheric gas
burners used for space heating and water heating to
minimize air pollution and for efficient use of fuel. They
are intended for use by skilled service technicians in
adjusting burners, and as a aid to service managers
engaged in training service technicians. In addition to
recommended steps for burner adjustment, the guide-
lines also include appendixes of background material
on pollutants of main concern, field-type instruments
and significance of measurements, and emission char-
acteristics of residential gas burners.
Keywords: 'Gas burners, Adjusting, Instructions,
Space heaters, Water heaters, Residential buildings,
Commercial buildings, Fuel consumption, Combustion
efficiency, Air pollution, Air pollution abatement.
PB-290 831/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Automation of an Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrom-
eter,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Dennis P. Ryan. Dec 78,39p EPA/600/4-78/064
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
This report is an overview of the functional description
and major features of an automated ultraviolet-visible
spectrometer system intended for environmental
measurements application. As such, it defines func-
tional specifications and requirements which are divid-
ed into the chlorophyll, color, multi-option, and quality
control modules, the general system design method-
ology is discussed with regard to the EPA laboratory
automation project. The interfacing hardware require-
ments are included in general terms only.
Keywords: 'Spectroscopic analysis, 'Ultraviolet spec-
trometers, Visible spectrum, Laboratory equipment,
Environmental surveys, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Chemical analysis, Computer aided analy-
PB-290 859/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Investigation- of the Photooxldatlon
and Catalytic Oxidation of S02. Final rept.,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
R. J. Anderson, R. J. Pilie, E. J. Mack, and W. C.
Kocmond. Jan 79,88p CALSPAN-NA-57B1 -M-1, EPA/
600/3-79/006
Contract EPA-68-02-1785
The photooxidation of S02 in irradiated auto exhaust
+ SO2 systems, the catalytic oxidation of SO2 in the
solution droplets of hazes, clouds and fogs containing
several concentrations of heavy metals (Mn(+2) and
Fe(+3)), and the oxidation of SO2 in irradiated hazes
and fogs containing only trace quantities of heavy
metals were studied in a 590 cu m indoor smog cham-
ber. For the irradiated auto exhaust + SO2 systems,
SO2 oxidation rates as high as 5 percent/hr were ob-
served. Primary particulates from auto exhaust pro-
duced no discernible effect on SO2 oxidation. Catalytic
oxidation of SO2 in fogs and hazes was significant
under certain conditions, with as much as 6 percent of
the available SO2 being oxidized in a 30-minute period.
No synergistic effect on the rate of SO2 oxidation was
observed from the simultaneous presence of irradia-
tion and a fog or haze.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Photoche-
mical reactions, 'Catalysis, Test chambers, Labora-
tory equipment, Aerosols, Sampling, Exhaust emis-
sions, Oxidation, Metals, Sulfates, Automobile ex-
haust.
PB-290 895/2 PC A14/MF A01
Sewage Sludge Disposal for the City of Portland,
Oregon. Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 79,319p EPA/910/9-78/050
Prepared by Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sac-
ramento, CA., Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.,
and Gruen Associates, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
Topic areas covered include: Environmental setting;
Alternative sludge handling systems; Analysis of the
environmental impacts of the alternatives; Unavoid-
able adverse impacts; Local short-term uses of the en-
vironment vs. maintenance and enhancement of long-
term productivity; Irreversible and irretrievable commit-
ments of resources; Unresolved issues.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Environmental impact statements-final, Agriculture,
Farm crops, Bulk storage, Transportation, Utilization,
Environmental impacts, Constraints, Cost analysis, Air
pollution, Noise pollution, Water pollution, Odors,
Metals, Viral diseases, Bacterial diseases, Wildlife,
Oregon, 'Sewage sludge, 'Portland(Oregon), Sludge
treatment, Land disposal, Heavy metals.
PB-290 897/8 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling Charged Particles with Cascade Impac-
tors. Final rept. Apr 77-Sep 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. E. Farthing, D. H. Hussey, W. B. Smith, and R. R.
Wilson, Jr. Jan 79,90p SORI-EAS-79-024, EPA/600/
7-79/027
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report discusses three sets of experiments which
demonstrate that a cascade impactor sampling a
charged aerosol may yield a particle size distribution
measurement that deviates from the time distribution.
The distributions indicated more large particles and
fewer small particles than actually existed, due to the
particles' attraction to the grounded impactor plates
(stages). Although higher charge levels produced
larger deviations from the true size distribution, the
magnitude of the deviation and the corresponding cor-
rection factor for any given charged aerosol are unpre-
dictable. Also, the error was smaller if glass fiber sub-
strates were used as collection surfaces instead of
bare metal. For electrostatic precipitators operating at
normal charging conditions (an electric field of
400,000 V/m and a current density of 0.0003 A/sq m/
s), the size distribution (measured by the lower stages
of an Andersaen cascade impactor with glass fiber
substrates) was not significantly different from the true
size distribution.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Aerosols, 'Air
pollution control, Sampling, Electrostatic precipitators.
Performance evaluation, Laboratory equipment,
Design criteria, 'Cascade impactors, Procedures.
PB-290 898/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
TRW Charged Droplet Scrubber Corrosion Stud-
lee. Final rept. Aug 77-Oct 78,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
Frederick A. Whitson. Jan 79,163p EPA/600/7-79/
017
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of corrosion studies to provide
definitive data concerning the corrosive nature of
coke-oven waste-heat flue gas and its effects on wet
electrostatic precipitators, and specifically on TRW's
Charged Droplet Scrubber (CDS). The study charac-
terized the chemical composition of the waste heat
flue gases; related these data to corrosion and to the
effects on the electrostatic scrubbing mechanism;
evaluated materials compatibility with the coking proc-
ess waste heat environment; and identified candidate
agents which may be introduced into the waste heat
gas stream to minimize the corrosive effects. It was de-
termined that, with several equipment and operating
modifications, projected life of the CDS casing and in-
ternals is 5 to 10 years, and life expectancy of the elec-
trode nozzles is 1 to 2 years.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Scrubbers,
'Corrosion, 'Air pollution control equipment, Corrosive
gases, Flue gases, Service life, Corrosion inhibitors.
Corrosion prevention, 'Charged droplet scrubbers,
Coke ovens.
PB-290 899/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Guidelines for Partlculate Sampling In Gaseous
Effluents from Industrial Processes. Final rept.
Jan-Sep 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. R. Wilson, Jr., P. R. CavanaugTi, K. M. Cushing, W.
E. Farthing, and W. B. Smith. Jan 79,130p* SORI-
EAS-79-023, EPA/600/7-79/028
Contract EPA-68-02-2111
The report lists and briefly describes many instruments
and techniques used to measure the concentration or
size distribution of particles suspended in process
streams. Standard (well established) methods are de-
scribed, as well as some experimental methods and
prototype instruments. Instruments and procedures for
measuring mass concentration, opacity, and particle
size distribution are described. Procedures for pan-
ning and implementing tests for control device evalua-
tion are also included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Guidelines, 'Particle
size distribution, Sampling, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory equipment,
Filtration, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Field tests, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Air pollution detection, Cascade impactors,
EPA method 5, EPA method 7.
PB-290 909/1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Examination of Automatic Data Reduction Meth-
ods for Particle Field Holograms. Final rept. Mar
77-Jan 78,
Spectron Development Labs., Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J. D. Trolinger. Jan 79,61 p EPA/600/2-79/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2491
Holographic recording techniques provide one of the
most powerful particle field diagnostic tools in exist-
ence. A hologram can provide a frozen three-dimen-
sional image of a particle field through which detailed
microscopic examination of individual particles is pos-
sible. Frequently, a particle field may contain many
thousands of particles, and it becomes impractical for
the human operator to glean all the data of interest
from such a hologram. For holography to reach its ful
potential in particle diagnostics, a three-dimensional
image analyzer is required. The purpose of this study
was to examine the feasibility of using existing electro-
optic image analyzers to automatically analyze three-
dimensional image fields and to determine what modi-
fications of existing equipment would be required to
construct such a system. Sample holograms as well as
holograms produced in an actual field holp-camera
were used to make the evaluations experimentally,
and well-refined analytical descriptions of holographic
images were used to add to the understanding of
system requirements. The study established that exist-
ing image analyzers are capable within useful practical
limits of locating particle images in three-dimensions
and measuring size and shape factors of the particle. A
plan for integrating such equipment to produce a fully
automated data reduction system is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Holography, 'Particles, Par-
ticle size, Particle shape, Velocity, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Holograms, Data reduction, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-290 914/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design and Construction of a Fluldlzed-bed Com-
bustion Sampling and Analytical Teat Rig. Final
rept. Aug 76-Apr 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
H. Dehne. Aug 78,141 p EPA/600/7-78/166
Contract EPA-68-02-2170
The report describes the design, construction, and In-
stallation of a fluidized-bed coal combustion sampling
and analytical test rig in the High Bay Area (Wing G) of
EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
596 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
nfl. to be used by IERL to Investigate the emission
characteristics of fluldlzed-bed combustors, was de-
I'flnsd lor maximum flexibility, accuracy, and utility.
Hf»fon> operating ranges are: coal feedrate--10 to 50
Xhri wrbent feedrate-zero to 26 kg/hr, excess air-
10 to 300%; bed lemperature--750 to 1100C; and flul-
dtelng veloclty-1 to 5 mps. The program Included four
nh.— conceptual design; final design; purchase,
'•oncatlon, and Installation; and checkout, testing, and
oocumentatlon, Aner Installation, an acceptance test
aemonstrated that the system had been completed In
•ecordance with the approved design, and that all
equipment was properly Installed and corrected to
•wveltslntendedpurpose.
: 'Fluidized bed processors, *Qas detectors,
, ,
™ pollution, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Combustion products. Sampling, Qas analysis, Cheml-
°«l "nalysls, Industrial wastes, f Air pollution detection.
PC A04/MF A01
« rW1' Environmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
•nglePark,NC.
very In Coal Washing by High Ore-
Magnetic Separation. Final rept. Mar 76-Dec
Mfusehusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Francis
wtter National Magnet Lab.
I- Msxwell, and D. R. Kelland. Sep 78, 71 p EPA/800/
£wi83,,FE-eee7-i
contract DOE-ET-76-C-0 1-8887
The report describes a demonstration of the success-
n» recovery of magnetite from mixtures of magnetite
uu,cSal' "Ke those found In a coal-washing circuit, by
Miflh Gradient Magnetic Separation. The demonstra-
«on was part of a research program at Francis Bitter
[™™pnal Magnet Laboratory. High values of magnetite
j*p°very were achieved at reasonably high material
Hjroughput rates with little coal found reporting to the
magnetics. A single-stage separator Incorporating a
""» matrix design was used at rates up to 4.4 tons of
WHOS per hour per square foot of matrix cross section
ESS gpm/sq ft). At this throughput rate, more than
iho Pf the magnetite was trapped along with less
|han 5% of the coa, Magn8tte neid values no higher
'nan 6 kllogauss were used to achieve these results, a
value well within the range of present commercial
magnet designs.
•-•"8: 'Magnetite, 'Coal preparation, Magnetic
«^«' Performance evaluation, Fines, 'Magnetic sep-
aration, High gradient magnetic separation.
_, _ PCA05/MFA01
i/H fsonomlc Impact Analysis of Effluent Stand-
was for Total Dissolved Solids,
,P°ls, 'nst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Un*» L. Huff. Oct 78,94p IINR-78/12
The Illinois Effluent Standards Advisory Group has rec-
""wiended elimination of the present total dissolved
*°TOS (IDS) effluent standard in Illinois. Presently the
"" fflg/l above the background concentration, except
wnere resulting from waste treatment or recycle. In
J™?* two instances, a maximum of 3500 mg/l TDS
™°UW be permitted. The elimination of this standard
"puid benefit potable water treatment plants, electric
generating stations, and industrial discharger. Reduc-
wn of analytical costs and elimination of potential
™«rnem expenses are regarded as benefits of the
proposed change. Environmental impacts are consid-
BririL ne °o»ts incurred. Water users continue to pay
2™™?nal expenses for operation because of the total
absolved solids concentration in streams. The effects
rfflK^ adoptin9 ** prop°8ed chan" l$
s: 'Economic impact, 'Water pollution, 'Illl-
Dissolved organic matter. Potable water, Cost
ring, Sewage treatment, Benefit cost analysis,
power plants, Industries, Investments, Envi-
T.l)rnental impacts, Ground water, Savings,
lables(Data), 'Total dissolved solids, 'Water pollution
"sndards, Sewage treatment plants.
*? 917/4 PC A06/MF A01
Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Economic Impact of the Proposed Change In the
Hydrocarbon Emission Limitation for Petrochemi-
cal Manufacturing Process. Final rept.,
ETA Engineering, Inc., Westmont, IL.
John J. rates, Rajan K. Chaudhry, Kevin G. Croke,
William H. Hallenbeok, and William H. Kojola. Oct 78,
100pllNR-78/30
The present Rule 205(g) (1) of Chapter 2 of the Illinois
Pollution Control Board's Regulations limits organic
material emissions from: (a) any catalyst regenerator
of a petroleum cracking system; or (b) any petroleum
fluid coker; or (c) any other waste gas stream from any
petroleum or petrochemical manufacturing process; to
100 parts per million (ppm). The proposedamendment
basically gives the operator of the organic material
source the option to meet the less stringent require-
ments of Rule 205(f). Rule 206(1) requires that the
source meet the emission limitation of either 8 pounds
per hour or reduce the uncontrolled organic emissions
by at least 85 percent provided that there will be no In-
crease In emissions from such sources above the level
of emissions In existence on the effective date of R77-
3.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Illinois, 'Regula-
tions, 'Economics, Chemical Industry, Hydrocarbons,
State government, Refineries, Public health, Ozone,
Exposure, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Manu-
facturing, Industrial wastes, Air pollution
effecta(Humans), 'Petrochemical Industry.
PB-MO 918/2 PC A03/MF A01
Coal Mine Water Pollution Legal and Regulatory
Issues: A Survey. Final rept.,
Illinois Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Ann Broman Fisher. Oct 78,49p* IINR-78/33
The Illinois Mine Related Pollution Task Force Is a joint
activity of the Illinois Coal Association and the Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency. The Task Force's
activities are coordinated by me Illinois Institute of Nat-
ural Resources. The Task Force decided that the
achievement of their goal would be furthered by sur-
veying rules and regulations governing mine related
water pollution in other bituminous coal producing
states. The basic problem which the Task Force Is ad-
dressing In the survey Is the extent to which other
major bituminous coal producing states are experienc-
ing differences between their effluent standards and
their water quality standards and what, if anything, Is
being done to resolve differences where they occur.
The states selected for study In this report are Colora-
do, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Vir-
ginia and Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Water pollution, Surveys,
Regulations, Bituminous coal, Standards, Inorganic
sulfates, Chlorides, Dissolved organic matter, Iron,
Manganese, pH, Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Wyoming, 'Water pollu-
tion standards, Total dissolved solids.
PB-290 919/0 PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Used OH Recycling In Illinois: Data Book,
ETA Engineering, Inc., Westmont, IL.
John J. rates, Kevin G. Croke, Anthony G. Klazura,
Alan R. Spaite, and H. H. Chiu. Oct 78,142p IINR-78/
34
This survey Information has been organized into four
sections: Illinois Inventory of industrial used oils; Envi-
ronmental Impacts of oil disposal practices; Organiza-
tion ol recycling and re-refining industry In Illinois; Re-
cycling and re-refining technologies.
Keywords: 'Illinois, Technology assessment, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Fuel oil, Lubricants, Environmental Im-
pacts, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Relln-
Ing, Public health, Lubricating oils, Data acquisition,
•Waste oils, 'Waste recycling, 'Liquid waste disposal,
•Oil wastes.
PB-290 921/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study. Point Source Meth-
odology and Emission Inventory. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Air Monitor-
Ing Center.
F. E. Llttman. Jul 78,180p EPA/600/4-78/042
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
The development of the point source emission data In-
ventory for the Regional Air Pollution Study at St. Louis
Is discussed. To meet the unusual requirements of this
study, which specified the acquisition of hourly, meas-
ured emission data for the St. Louis Air Quality Control
Region for a period of two years, a unique methodolo-
gy was developed and put Into practice. The result Is a
data base containing over 20 million pieces of informa-
tion In a readily accessible form.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Data acquisition, Sources,
Inventories, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Parti-
cles, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Heat, Regional
planning, 'Point sources, Saint Louls(Mlssourl), 'Air
quality control regions.
PB-290 926/6 PC A06/MF A01
Supplement to Protect Geology Report: Auburn
Dam. Seismic Evaluation of Auburn Damslts.
Volume 4: Analysis of Faulting In the Auburn Dam-
site,
Bureau of Reclamation, Auburn, CA. Auburn-Folsom
South Unit.
Dean A. Ostenaa, and Richard H. Throner. Jun 78,90p
See also Volume 3, PB-290 925, and Volume 5, PB-
290 927. Figures, drawings and tables missing from
this document can be obtained from the Bureau of
Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center,
Building no. 67, Denver, CO. 80225.
Also available In set of 6 reports PC E15, PB-290 922-
The report presents additional data and Interpretations
assembled by various consultants since publication of
the Project Geology Report. A structural analysis of F-
1 based on overall geometry and observed slicken-
sldes Is presented and are used to estimate potential
directions and magnitudes of net slip along the F-1
fault zone. Included as an appendix Is a study by con-
sultant Robert Compton titled 'Gouge and Associated
Deformation Along Fault F-1, Auburn Damslte.' Some
of the conclusions reached are: (1) Maximum net slip
of a shear termed the Steeply Dipping shear is 13.4
feet. (2) Displacement of the Steeply Dipping shear Is
the sum of episodic movements. (3) Post Steeply Dip-
ping shear movement along F-1 has a magnitude of
between 2 and 12 feet. (4) Based on observed rela-
tionships, F-1 may have moved last about 120 million
years before present. (5) Displacement on foliation
structures producing similar styles of deformation due
to different stresses separated by 110 million years.
Six appended drawings and 5 included in the text
which are color printed and/or oversize as well as 10
color xerox prints are not Included in the report be-
cause they could not be microfilmed. These drawings
are available from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver.
Keywords: 'Dams, 'Geologic investigations, 'Geologi-
cal faults, Seismic surveys, Intrusive rocks, Geological
surveys, California, 'Auburn Dam, Earthquake engi-
neering, 'Dikes(Geology), Sllckensides,
StrikefGeology), Dip(Geology), Central Valley Project.
PB-290 938/0 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Rates, Constants, and Kinetics Formulations In
Surface Water Quality Modeling. Final rept. May 76-
Nov 78,
TetraTech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
Stanley W. Zison, William B. Mills, Dennis Deimer, and
Carl W. Chen. Dec 78,338p EPA/600/3-78/105
Grant EPA-R-604450-01-2
Recent studies are reviewed to provide a comprehen-
sive volume on state-of-the-art formulations used in
surface water quality modeling along with accepted
values for rate constants and coefficients. Topics cov-
ered Include system geometric representation (spatial
and temporal), physical processes (mass transport,
heat budgets, Ice formation, light extinction), biological
systems (fish, benthlc organisms), and chemical proc-
esses (nutrient cycles, carbonate system). A detailed
discussion is also presented on Issues that are ordinar-
ily of primary Interest In modeling studies. These In-
clude reaeratlon, dissolved oxygen saturation, photo-
synthesis, deoxygenatlon, benthlc oxygen demand,
collform bacteria, algae, and zooplankton. These dis-
cussions Incorporate factors affecting the specific phe-
nomena and methods of measurement In addition to
data on rate constants.
December 1983 597
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Simulation, "Water quality, 'Reviews, Sur-
face waters, Mathematical models, Systems analysis,
Heat transfer, Ice formation, Aeration, Deoxygenation,
Diffusion, One dimensional flow, Phosphorus cycle,
Photosynthesis, Nitrogen cycle, Fishes, Bacteria,
Algae, Biochemical oxygen demand, Measurement,
•Model studies.
PB-290 944/8 PC A03/MF A01
Measurements of Radlofrequency Field Intensity
In Buildings with Close Proximity to Broadcast
Stations,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetic Radiation Analysis Branch.
Richard A. Tell, and Norbert N. Hankin. Aug 78,47p
ORP/EAD-78/3
The report summarizes the results of a series of radio-
frequency field intensity measurements made in eight
tall buildings located in New York, Miami, Chicago, San
Diego, and Houston. The buildings, in which the meas-
urements were made, were selected because of their
proximity to FM radio and/or VHF and UHF television
transmitting antennas. These broadcast antennas
were usually located on nearby buildings so that the
possibility existed for high intensity illumination of the
upper floors of the buildings selected by the main
beam of radiation of the antennas. The principal objec-
tive in conducting these measurements was to obtain
information about the field intensities which can be
produced by broadcast antennas at locations close to
the antennas and near the main beam axis. In addition,
the measurements help in determining the higher level
radiofrequency exposures of persons who work and
live in tall buildings under similar irradiation situations,
and in developing techniques which allow estimates to
be made of exposures under such conditions. The
maximum power densities derived from electric field
intensity measurements in any of the eight buildings
were less than 100 microwatts per square centimeter.
Higher exposures were observed at unobstructed lo-
cations on roofs of some of the buildings. Observa-
tions about factors which were found to affect expo-
sure levels are discussed.
Keywords: 'Radio field strength, 'Commercial build-
ings, Urban areas, Radio stations, Television stations,
Television antennas, Antennas, Measurement, Radi-
ation hazards, Distance.
PB-290 945/5 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
High-Gradient Magnetic Separation for Removal
of Sulfur from Coal. Final rept. 1 Mar 76-31 Jan 77,
General Electric Corporate Research and Develop-
ment, Schenectady, NY.
F. E. Luborsky. Nov 78,90p EPA/600/7-78/208,, FE-
8969-1
Contract H0366008
The report gives results of a thorough physical, chemi-
cal, and magnetic characterization of a Pennsylvania
coal from the Upper Freeport seam. The powdered
coal was then subjected to high-gradient magnetic
separations, as a function of magnetic field and fluid
velocity, in both a water slurry and an air dispersion.
Ash and pyritic sulfur reductions occurred with increas-
ing magnetic field intensities and decreasing fluid ve-
locities. The best results were obtained In water slur-
ries where approximately 50 percent of the total sulfur
and 50 percent of the ash were removed. Air disper-
sions produced insignificant results.
Keywords: *Coal, 'Desulfurization, Magnetic materi-
als, Pyrite, Magnetic separators, Performance evalua-
tion, Computer programs, 'Magnetic separation.
PB-290 946/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Air Emissions from Combustion of Solvent Re-
fined Coal. Final rept. Mar 77-Sep 78,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Kenneth Q. Budden, and Subhash S. Patel. Jan 79,
48p HIT/C165/860-78-73302, EPA/600/7-79/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
The report gives details of a Solvent Refined Coal
(SRC) combustion test at Georgia Power Company's
Plant Mitchell, March, May, andJune 1977. Flue gas
samples were collected for modified EPA Level 1 anal-
ysis; analytical results are reported. Air emissions from
the combustion of coal and SRC are compared for var-
ious organic and inorganic constituents, and SO2 and
NOx. The impact of the air emissions from the com-
bustion of SRC is assessed by comparison with EPA's
Multimedia Environmental Goals and existing New
Source Performance Standards. Air quality emissions
test data indicated that SRC S02 and NOx emissions
were 1.06 and 0.43 Ib/million Btu, respectively; or
about 12 and 39% under the existing NSPS of 1.2 Ib/
million Btu for SOx and 0.7 Ib/million Btu for NOx. If
the SO2 standard is reduced, SRC derived from high
sulfur coal may not meet the new standard. The low
NOx emissions may be a result of the abnormally high
excess air that was used during the test: additional
testing at normal conditions is required. Paniculate
emissions can probably be controlled well below the
EPA standard of 0.1 Ib/million Btu by installing a
modern ESP, with a paniculate collection efficiency of
about 95%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Gas analysis, Flue gases,
Electric power plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Particles,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Comparison, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Infrared spectroscopy, Air pollution, Coal, 'Sol-
vent-refined coal.
PB-290 962/0 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Carcinogenic Potential of Rotenone. Phase I: Di-
etary Administration to Hamsters,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. P. Leber, and R. L. Persing. Jan 79,43p EPA/600/
1-79/004A
Contract EPA-68-02-1715
See also Phase 2, PB-290 963.
Studies were performed to evaluate the potential car-
cinogenicity rotenone in the Syrian Golden hamster.
Several ancillary range-finding studies were carried out
including 14-day feeding trials and a reproduction ex-
periment. The latter experiment indicated that rote-
none at a level of 500 ppm in the maternal diet was
embryo-toxic (depressed birth weight and fetal deaths)
and resulted in cannabalism of the young by the mater-
nal animals. A level of 1000 ppm led to sterility in one
or both sexes. The 18-month carcinogenesis study in-
dicated that 1000 ppm rotenone in the diet was toxic to
hamsters (depressed body weights compared to con-
trols) but no gross or histopathological evidence was
obtained which indicated that the test compound in-
duced the formation of any tumors. Three adrenal cor-
tical carcinomas in 65 hamsters observed in the 1000
ppm group could not be ascribed to rotenone treat-
ment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Rotenone, 'Insecticides,
'Pesticides, Ingestion(Blology), Hamsters, Ketones,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Bioassay,
Reproduction(Biology), Embryos, Mortality, Lethal
dosage, Concentratlon(Composition), Sterility, Males,
Females, Toxicity, Diets, Carcinogens, Histology, Pa-
thology, 'Toxic substances, 'Carcinogenesis, Birth
weight, Fetuses.
PB-290 963/8 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Carcinogenic Potential of Rotenone. Phase II: Oral
and Intraperltoneal Administration to Rats,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. P. Leber, and D. C. Thake. Jan 79,49p EPA/600/1 -
79/004B
Contract EPA-68-02-1715
See also Phase 1, PB-290 962.
In the intraperitoneal study, test groups of male and
female Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily doses of
0,1.7 or 3.0 mg/kg of rotenone for 42 days. The high
rotenone dosage groups showed decrease in weight
gain but there was no effect on mortality. There were
numerous mammary gland neoplasms, mostly fibroa-
denomas, detected but they'occurred with similar fre-
quency among control and treatment groups. Except
for two lymphosarcomas which occurred in high dose
females, all other neoplasms were rare and/or not
dosage related. In the oral study, groups of male and
female Wistar rats were given daily doses of 0, 1.7 or
3.0 mg/kg of rotenone by gavage for 42 days. There
were no appreciable effects of rotenone dosage on
body weight, mortality, or non-neoplastic disease.
Ductal ectasias and cysts were slightly more prevalent
in mammary glands of dosed females as compared to
controls. There was no evidence from either the intra-
peritoneal or oral project that rotenone induced mam-
mary neoplasia in the rat strains studied. The signifi-
cance of the slight increases in fibrosarcomas and n-
bromas in both the intraperitoneal and oral studies ana
in adrenal cortical adenomas in the oral study was in-
conclusive.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Rotenone, 'Pesticides, 'In-
secticides, Ingestion(Biology), Parenteral infusions,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Males, Toxicity.
Females, Dosage, Body weight, Growth, Mortality,
Lymphosarcoma, Neoplasms, Pathology, Histology,
Adenocarcinomas, 'Carcinogenesis, Toxic SUD-
stances.
PB-290 966/1 PCA10/MFA01
HeaJth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: VI. Beryllium. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
John S. Drury, Carole R. Shriner, Eric B. Lewis, Leigh
E. Towill, and Anna S. Mammons. May 78,215p
ORNL/EIS-87, EPA/600/1-78/028
See also report dated Oct 78, PB-289 920. Prepared in
cooperation with Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
The report is a review of the scientific literature on the
biological and environmental effects of beryllium. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to beryllium and specific beryllium compounds:
physical and chemical properties; occurrence; synthe-
sis and use; analytical methodology; biological aspects
in microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals,
and humans; distribution, mobility, and persistence in
the environment; assessment of present and potential
health and environmental hazards; and review 01
standards and governmental regulations. More than
300 references are cited.
Keywords: 'Beryllium, 'Toxicology, Hazards, Chemi-
cal properties, Physical properties, Reviews, Occur-
rence, Synthesis, Domestic animals, Wild I"6'
Humans, Mobility, Standards, Regulations, Microor-
ganisms, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soils, Physio-
logical effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Biological ef-
fects, Analytical methods, Environmental persistence,
Distribution, 'Toxic substances.
PB-290 968/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Determination of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, ana
Copper In Water By Anodic Stripping Voltarn-
metry,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
Lyman H. Howe, and Isaac E. Jones. May 78,50p
TVA/EP-78/13, EPA/600/7-78/075
The Tennessee Valley Authority developed a method
of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for
determining total concentrations of cadmium and lead
in water samples from ash ponds at steam-electric
generating plants. After digestion of the sample and
addition of reagents to overcome interferences by iron
(III) and selenium (IV), the peak current for cadmium
and lead is measured and quantified by standard addi-
tion. The effective range for this method is 0.3 to 100
microgram/l of cadmium and 3 to 100 microgram/l °*
lead. This method gives suitable accuracy for cadmium
and lead in reference water samples and in split sam-
ples of effluent water from ash ponds that were ana-
lyzed by atomic absorption. Limited data show that this
method probably also can be used for 5 to 100 micro-
gram/I copper but that it is unsuitable for zinc because
of a 15-microgram/l sample blank.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Electric power plants,
Zinc, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Copp?r'
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Samples, Laboratory equipment,
'Water pollution detection, 'Voltammetry.
PB-290 969/5 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Em-
mission Control Technology Div.
Light Duty Vehicle Drlveablllty Investigation,
Suntech, inc., Marcus Hook, PA.
H. A. Toulmin, Jr. Dec 78,435p EPA/460/3-78/012
Contract EPA-68-03-2607
598 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jhl* report describes the results of an automobile dri-
veapiiity, emission, fuel economy and performance
jesting program conducted for the U.S. Environmental
icSo tlon Agency. A total of twenty-two 1977 and
"i fa modal vehicles were subjected to a series of
jests when adjusted to the manufacturers' recom-
"™ n0e
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Several estuarlne animals were exposed to sodium
pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP), In flow/through toxlclty
testa. The following are test animals and their 96-hour
LC50 values; grass shrimp (Palaemonetes puglo),
>515 mlcrograms/l; brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecusj,
>196 mlcrograms/l; longnose kllllflsh (Fundulus slmi-
Us), >306 mlcrograms/l; plnflsh (Lagodon rhom-
boldes), 63.2 mlcrograms/l; and striped mullet (Mugll
cephalus), 112 mlcrograms/l. The 192-hour EC50
(entct measured was shell deposition) for the eastern
oyster (Crassostrea vlrglnlca) was 76.5 mlcrograms/l.
Eastern oysters exposed to Na-PCP concentrations of
25.0 and 2.5 mlcrograms/l accumulated the chemical
In their tissues an average of 41 and 78 times, respec-
tively. After Na-PCP delivery was discontinued, howev-
er, the oysters purged themselves of the pesticide
within four days.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides,
Chlorine organic compounds, Shrimps, Fishes, Lethal
doaage, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
Tlssuea(Blology), Invertebrates, Shellfish, Experimen-
tal data, Chemical analysis, Oysters, 'Sodium pen-
tachlorophenate, Palaemonetes puglo, Penaeus azte-
cus, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), Bloaocumula-
tlon, Striped mullett, Longnose kllllflsh, Plnflsh, Lago-
don rhomboldes, Crassostrea vlrglnlca, Mugll cepha-
lua, Fundulus slmllls, Depuration.
PB-291 132/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Calibration Standards (or X-Hay Spectrometers
Used (or Pollution Sample Analysis. Final rept. Aug
75-Mar77,
III Research Inat., Chicago, IL.
Richard A. Semmler, and Ronald Q. Draftz. Sep 76,
52p EPA/600/2-78/197
Contract EPA-68-02-1734
A technique Is described for making aerosol standards
for x-ray fluorescence analysis by depositing sized par-
ticles suspended In a carrier solution onto the surface
of a polycarbonate filter. Size Is controlled by a sepa-
rate sedimentation step following grinding in a boron
carbide mortar and pestle. Binding of the deposition to
the filter Is accomplished by a collodion film layer ap-
plied both before and after the particle deposition. The
deposited mass Is determined gravimetrically from a
companion filter prepared from a large volume aliquot
of carrier solution and without collodion. Standards for
18 different elements have been prepared.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, *X ray spectrometer,
'Calibrating, Air pollution, X ray fluorescence, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Laboratory equip-
ment, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-291 134/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Economic Effects of Environmental Regula-
tion* on the Pollution Control Industry. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Terry W. Rothermel, and Craiglentz. Sep 78,170p*
ADL-C-80920-FR, EPA/230/1-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4660
The recent history (1972-1976) of the PCI has been
one of better than average growth and only average
profitability. Leading companies in each PCI sector en-
joyed growth rates In the range of 16-22% per year
(versus 9% for all U.S. manufacturing). However, the
level of profitability was only about average for all U.S.
manufacturing or comparable Industrial segments
(e.g., 10-11% after-tax return on stockholders' equity).
An Important exception has been the water treatment
chemicals segment which has been among the most
profitable In American industry. In 1977, the markets
for these pollution control products totalled $1.8 bil-
lion. These markets are projected to grow to $3.5 bil-
lion by 1983 or at a pace of 11-12% per year (In cur-
rent dollars and assuming 5-7% Inflation). Current em-
ployment by the PCI in association with these markets
Is estimated to be 35,850 Jobs. Assuming that the
amount of sales generated per employee will continue
to increase as well, employment is projected to grow to
43,900 in 1983.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Water
pollution control equipment, "Industries. 'Economic
analysis, Regulations, Technology assessment,
Market research, Forecasting, Air pollution abatement,
Water pollution abatement, Pollution regulations.
600 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-291 166/0 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Kendall County Solid Waste Management System
Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.i Inc., West Chester, PA.
Aug 74,58p IIEQ-74-44
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The State Solid Waste Management Planning Project
will examine the solid waste needs of Illinois and make
recommendations as to actions that can be taken by
the State to Improve solid waste management general-
ly. This report Is an analysis by the State and Its
consultants of several alternatives available to a spe-
cific region.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
'Refuse disposal, Sanitary landfills, Reclamation,
Metals, Paper, Heat recovery, Recycling, Materials re-
covery, Population, Employment, Industrial wastes,
Systems analysis, Cost analysis, Illinois, Solid waste
management, Kendall County(lllinols), Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 162/6 PC A02/MF A01
Bicycle Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution. Bicy-
cle Strategies to Reduce Transportation Air Pollu-
tion •• Part of the State Implementation Plans,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Nina D. Rowe. Nov 78,22p' EPA/400/9-76/010
Supersedes report dated Jun 78, PB-286173.
Bicycle Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution summarizes
the requirements and opportunities under the Clean
Air Act to promote bicycling; suggests strategies to In-
crease bicycle use; delineates the advantages of a bi-
cycle program; describes who bicycles and where; lists
advantages to society with a greater bicycling public;
lists changes which would encourage more people to
bicycle and lists the regions, states, urbanized areas,
and certified agencies responsible for developing and
Implementing strategies In the transportation compo-
nent of their state Implementation plans.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Bicycles, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Transportation management, Traffic
control, Land use, Parking facilities, Safety engineer-
ing, "Blkeways, 'Blkeway planning, 'Bicycle lanes,
Transportation planning.
PB-291 173-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Post-Secondary Education Profile.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Dec 78,4484p-in 16 reports
Consists of PB-291 174 thru PB-291 189.
No abstract available.
PB-291 173-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
A National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Post-Secondary Education Profile.
Final rept. on Phase 2.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, I A.
1978,16 issues
See also report on Phase 1, PB-277 834-SET.
Also available from NTIS as set of 16 reports PC E99,
PB-291 173-SET.
The study aggregates data on representative environ-
mental education offerings In the United States at
post-secondary education Institutions and in the pri-
vate sector of the economy. Structured around on-site
interviews, the study describes the Institutions' educa-
tion programs-thelr program structure, representative
course offerings, faculty structure, and program re-
quirements. In addition, the study provides Information
on the employment history of graduates. Designed as
Phase II of a three-phase program, the study presents
the information on schools in the following volumes:
Two volumes on potable water and two on
wastewater; one volume each on air, noise, pesticides,
radiation, solid waste and energy; a two-volume com-
posite report on environmental engineering/health; a
one-volume report on education/ecology; and a
volume on some training programs conducted by busi-
nesses and by trade and professional associations. In
addition, the study Includes a one-volume abstract and
a one-volume summary. The study Is an overvew. ii
doesn't include all environmental programs In tne
United States, and It makes no attempt to evaluate the
program offerings. Other individual documents are
also available:
Abstract. Dec 78,63p PC A04, MF A01 PB-291
174/1 „_ „..,
Summary. Dec 78,124p PC A06, MF A01 PB-»1
175/6
Private Sector. Dec 78,217p PC A10, MF A01
PB-291176/6 .,..
Alr.Dec78,369pPCA16,MFA01 PB-291177/4
Composite I (Environmental Engineering/Health).
Dec 78,27Bp PC A13, MF A01 PB-291178/Z
Composite I (Cont'd) (Environmental Engineering/
Health). Dec 78,301 p PC A14, MFA01 PB-
291 179/0
Composite II (Education/Ecology). Dec 78,333P
PC A15, MF A01 PB-291 180/8
Enemy. Dec 78,342p PC A15, MF A01 PB-291
Noise. Dec 78,202p PC A10, MF A01 PB-291
162/4
Pesticides. Dec 78,300p PC A13. MF A01 PB-
291 183/2 ,.
Potable Water I (Single Degree Programs). Dec 78,
327pPCA15,MFA01 PB-29T184/0
Potable Water II (Multiple Degree Programs). Dec
78,391pPCA17,MFA01 PB-291 188/7
Radiation. Dec 78,279p PC A13, MF A01 PB-291
186/6
Solid Waste. Dec 78,234p PC A11, MF A01 PB-
291 187/3
Wastewater I (Single Degree Programs). Dec 78,
334pPCA15,MFAOl PB-291188/1
Wastewater II (Multiple Degree Programs). Dec 78,
400pPCA17,MFA01 PB-291189/9
PB-291 211/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Combus-
tion. Part II. The Aquatic Macrolnvertebrates of
Rosebud Creek, Montana. Final rept.,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Steven F. Baril, Robert J. Luedtke, and George R.
Roemhlld. Nov 78,87p EPA/600/3-78/099
Grant EPA-R-803950
The aquatic macroinvertebrates of Rosebud Creek,
Montana, were sampled between February 1976 ana
March 1977 to provide data on their abundance, distri-
bution, and diversity. The sampling program was initiat-
ed during the first year of operation of the coal-fire"
power plants located at Colstrip, Montana. The pur-
pose of the study was to determine if any immediate
impacts of the power plant operation on the macroin-
vertebrate communities of Rosebud Creek could be
detected and to provide data for comparisons
are common in the prairie streams of eastern Mon-
tana. Intact riparian vegetation appeared to be impor-
tant in maintaining stream bank stability and provide13
an essential food source.
•Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Animal ecology.
•Coal mining, Water pollution, 'Rosebud Creek, Elec-
tric power plants, Invertebrates, Environmental ln>
pacts, Combustion, Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Surveys, Temperature, Substrates, Turbidity, Montana,
Sampling, Aquatic animals, Species diversity, *Co»
combustion, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-291 218/6 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Coles County Solid Waste Management Syatam
Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Jun74,57pllEQ-74/10
Solid waste managers now must cope with the added
complexities of unproven recovery systems and an un-
certain market for recovered commodities. These ana
other pressing problems require planning. This study
provides a basis for that planning by examining the
economics of current solid waste management prac-
tices and proposed regional management strategies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning*
•Refuse disposal, Sanitary landfills, Reclamation,
Metals, Paper, Glass, Heat recovery, Recycling, Mate-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rials recovery, Industrial wastes, Hauling, Economic
analysis, Cost analysis, Employment, Population, Cost
estimates, Systems analysis, Illinois, Solid waste man-
agement, Coles County(lllinois).
PB-M1 228/5 PC A06/MF A01
"raustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Ovwvlew of the Fresh Pack Food Industries. Final
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
«« o P. Somogyi, and Peter E. Kyle. Dec 78,113p*
EPA/800/2-78/216
Grant EPA-R-B04642
Pollution sources generated during the market prepa-
™non ot fresh fruits, vegetables, lish and shell eggs
were assessed. From the over one hundred different
Si i ia5d vefletables that are grown commercially in
"» united States, ten of the largest volume crops
«we selected for this study representing over 70 per-
il"!.0.' the total volume. In addition, because of the
^85fflcity of their handling requirements, two nut
S?08.- wo species of fresh fish and fresh eggs were
uZJi • ded in this studv- The method of approach
XJSO m conducting the study was to prepare descrip-
th« S on unit operations for each crop and to identify
nmi ren' of water usage, sources of effluent and
"rassion from each step from harvest to shipment to
'Marketing, 'Food preparation, 'Food
'Pollution, Food industry, Operations,
;>e water, Packaging, Eggs, Fruits, Washing, Sea-
!, Fishes, Vegetables, Nuts(Fruits), Food storage,
~"" \ Air pollution, Water pollution, Harvesting,
. Solid waste disposal, 'Fresh food, Water
Water pollution sources.
MM ?I6/8 PC A15/MF A01
«£.! l!al Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
£9j«Park,NC.
Ffwronmental Assessment of Coal- and Oil-Firing
JJ« i Controlled Industrial Boiler. Volume III. Com-
Assessment and Appendices. Final
-.
Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
p -—I «ic., neaonaoBeacn, UA.
ult?avitt. K. Arledge, C. Shih, R. Orsini, and W.
g'Jfwrema. Aug 78,326p EPA/600/7-78/164C
^"act EPA-68-02-2613
°«9 also Volume 1, PB-289 942.
ative assessment of coal and oil firing in a
Industrial boiler was conducted. The com-
ve emissions assessments for each fuel were
develop a comparative emissions assessment.
n me basis of the emissions assessment a compara-
p™"environmental assessment was developed. The
Illrv? ?or|s'sts of three volumes. This volume, Volume
noi5. lns *ne comprehensive assessments and ap-
ahol l£es and includes detailed descriptions of the test
tne test protocol, and a detailed presentation of
1®)'words: * Environmental surveys, 'Boilers, 'Assess-
(^nts. Air pollution control, Water pollution control,
JJ"8}. Fuel oil, Chemical analysis, Sampling, industrial
Cn,!88' Combustion products,
^«ntratton(Composition). Nitrogen oxides, Sites,
r£S?> Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
p^fori monoxide, Process charting, Design criteria,
wormance evaluation, Solid wastes.
**1
2««/2
of
PC A08/MF A01
Carbon-14 Control Technology
the LWR Fuel Cycle. Final rept,
tion Programs, Washington, DC.
The
', Charles L. Miller, Tien D. Nguyen, and
7 Sep 77,170p EPA/520/4-77/013
report is an effort to incorporate present knowl-
-_, --run ia 011 unun 10 ingoruorara present KHOWI-
231 of carbon-14 behavior in Light Water Reactors
JJJ?nwl Reprocessing Plants IntoDesigns compatible
presenTte'chnoiogy. The
_l«ent8 are considered
npact of radioactive ef-
considered according to the traditional
»,,m--= of maximum radiation dose to Individuals,
^Hation of individual annual doses to obtain a total
s, and the environmental dose commit-
) sources of carbon-14 in LWR's and fuel re-
g facilities are identified. Systems for the re-
1 of carbon-14 in existing and future plants are
•tUJS*8**! from both a technological and economic
•"wpoint. Existing technology indicates that caustic
scrubbing is the most cost-effective alternative for
concurrently removing C-14 from waste-gas streams
and leaving it in a form compatible with permanent dis-
posal conditions.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Carbon 14,
Water cooled reactors, Radiation dosage, Cost esti-
mates, Control equipment, Nuclear fuel reprocessing,
•Radioactive effluents, Fuel cycle, Light water reac-
tors.
PB-291 245/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Assessment of Polychlorlnated Bl-
phenyla (PCBs) Near New Bedford, MA. Municipal
Landfill. Research rept. no. 4 (Final),
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
Charles L. Stratton, Karen L. Tuttle, and J. Mark Allan.
26 May 78,48p EPA/560/6-78/006
Contract EPA-68-01-3248
A survey was conducted to assess the extent of trans-
port of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the New
Bedford, MA. municipal landfill. This landfill has been
used for the disposal of PCS waste materials for many
years. It is located in a wetland area. There is evidence
of transport of PCBs In the shallow ground water to the
northwest of the landfill, but the extent of transport is
relatively minor, being confined to near surface waters
very near the landfill. Drinking waters are unaffected.
Aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the vicinity are ac-
cumulating some PCB; however, levels of contamina-
tion are not excessively high. There is evidence to indi-
cate airborne transport may be a principal mode of
movement of PCB from the landfill during the warm
months. At one time, in excess of 1.0 migrogram/cu m
of PCB was detected in the ambient air over this land-
fill.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Earth fills, 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, Surveys, Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Ground water, Surface waters,
Concentration(Compositlon), Soil analysis, Sediments,
Streams, Aquatic animals, Summer, Potable water,
Massachusetts, Chlorine aromatic compounds, *Bi-
phenyl/perchloro, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Bedford(Massachusetts), 'Path of pollutants, Aroclor
1242, Aroclor 1016, Aroclor 1254.
PB-291 251/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Environmental Effects of OH Shale Mining and
Processing. Part II: The Aquatic Macrolnverte-
brates of the Plceance Basin, Colorado, Prior to
Oil Shale Processing. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
Lawrence J. Gray, and James V. Ward. Oct 78, SOp
EPA/600/3-78/097
Grant EPA-R-803950
Sponsored in part by National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation with Mon-
tana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay Lab.
A study was conducted at sampling sites on four
streams in the Piceance Basin of northwestern Colora-
do to acquire data on benthic macroinvertebrate com-
munities prior to commencement of oil shale mining
and processing activities. Piceance Creek, the major
stream studied, exhibited considerable longitudinal
variation in environmental conditions. Sodium, sulfate,
chloride, and total dissolved solids increased greatly in
the downstream direction. The temperature range, tur-
bidity, severity of winter ice conditions, and effects of
grazing and irrigation activities also increased down-
stream. Downstream reductions in density, biomass
and diversity, and altered macroinvertebrate species
composition were associated with the longitudinal
changes In environmental parameters. Effects of oil
shale mining and processing activities on aquatic biota
will depend upon the type of mining employed, the
extent of surface and subsurface disturbance, the suc-
cess of pollution controls, points of pollution entry, and
extent of water depletion. Present environmental con-
ditions and macroinvertebrate communities of lower
reaches of Piceance Creek may be indicative of the
potential effect of future Impacts at upstream loca-
tions.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Oil shale, 'Invertebrates, 'Animal
ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Piceance Creek, Monitor-
ing, Aquatic animals, Concentration(Composition),
Sodium sulfates, Chlorides, Inorganic salts, Turbidity,
Temperature, Environmental impacts, Mine waters,
Colorado, Species diversity, 'Water quality data.
PB-291 276/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Testing of Selected Sorbent Booms.
Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Gary F. Smith. Nov 78,38p EPA/600/7-78/219
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
Performance tests on three commercially available
sorbent booms were conducted at the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materi-
als Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT)
test facility. Test variables included wave condition,
tow speed, and quantity of oil encountered. The maxi-
mum no-oil-loss containment two speed was deter-
mined for each wave and oil quantity test condition.
The no-oil-loss tow speed in calm water was consist-
ently near 0.25 m/s, but in a 0.3-m harbor chop wave,
this figure decreased to between 0.05 and 0.1 m/s. In
the 0.3-m harbor chop wave, the failure mode was typi-
cally droplet shedding from the contained oil slick,
whereas in calm water, the oil slick passed under the
booms. No sorbed oil appeared to wash out of the
booms when they were towed. When saturated boom
sections were wrung out, the recovered fluid weighed
from 9.5 to 14 times Doom dry weight and was 16 to 50
percent oil.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Oil pollution,
'Booms(Equipment), Sorbents, Polyurethane resins,
Natural fibers, Regeneration(Engineering), Towed
bodies, Skimmers, Polypropylene fibers, 'Oil retention
booms,'Oil slicks,'Oil spills.
PB-291 289/7 PC E04/MF A01
An Illustrated Key to the Planktonlc Rotifers of
the Laursntlan Great Lakes. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Central
Regional Lab.
Douglas W. Grothe, and Donald R. Grothe. Oct 77,79p
EPA/905/3-76/003
The Information contained In this text represents a
compilation of data obtained from earlier taxonomic
studies as well as data collected by the authors in
1975 and 1977. It is the first comprehensive report de-
scribing the planktonic or open water rotifers present
in all the Great Lakes and is limited to species identi-
fied within the past thirty-five years. Rotifers generally
associated with littoral or benthic areas but reported
amongst the plankton are also described. A summary
of the rotifers and the respective lakes where they
have been reported is included. Taxonomic keys are
presented to both the genus and species level of clas-
sification. Each description is supplemented with pho-
tographs and/or drawings of the appropriate species.
Keywords: 'Taxonomy, 'Plankton, 'Aquatic animals,
'Great Lakes, Classifications, Animal ecology, Littoral
zone, Benthionic zone. Lake Superior, Lake Huron,
Lake Michigan, Lake Saint Clair, Lake Erie, Lake On-
tario, Invertebrates, Zooplankton, Morphology,
Reproduction(Biology), Taxonomic keys, 'Rotifera.
PB-291 314/3 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Research on Characterization of Par-
tlculate Organic Matter from Flames. Final task
rept Aug 74-Aug 77,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
R. A. Hites, and J. B. Howard. Aug 78,94p EPA/600/
7-78/167
Grant EPA-H-803242
The report gives results of a study of the formation and
emission of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar:
bons (PAH) from both laminar flames and a turbulent
continuous-flow combustor. Decreasing the atomizing
pressure decreased the amount of soot and PAH pro-
duced in the latter system. Benzene fuel gave more
soot and PAH than did kerosene, and the PAH from
benzene were more substituted. Nitrogen- and sulfur-
doped fuels did not affect total soot production. The
distribution of soot and PAH within the flame was con-
December 1983 801
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sistent with the concept that certain PAH may serve as
intermediates in soot formation. The PAH formed
during combustion of coal, wood, and kerosene were
separated and identified by capillary column gas chro-
matography and mass spectrometry. The PAH from
coal combustion were found to be similar to airborne
PAH from Indianapolis, a high coal consumption area;
those from kerosene combustion were similar to air-
borne PAH from Boston, an area of low coal consump-
tion and high consumption of petroleum derived fuels.
Nitrogen containing fuels primarily produce polycyclic
aromatic compounds in which the nitrogen is in a
cyano substituent (approximately 70%). This contrasts
with the observation that nitrogen heterocyclic com-
pounds are the major nitrogen containing compounds
in airborne paniculate matter.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Hy-
drocarbons, Soot, Aromatic polycyclic compounds,
Flames, Diffusion, Concentration(Composition), Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Fuels.
PB-291 331/7 PC A08/MF A01
ORBES Phase I: Interim Findings. Summary rept.
Aug 76-Aug 77,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
James J. Stukel, and Boyd Keenan. Nov 77,172p
EPA/600/7-77/120
Grant EPA-R-804848-01
This report is an integrated summary of various ele-
ments of Phase I of the Ohio River Basin Energy Study
(ORBES) which includes three parallel but independ-
ent preliminary technology assessments and a number
of in-depth topical studies. ORBES Phase I was con-
ducted by research faculty from six state universities in
the state comprising the Phase I study region: all of
Kentucky, and substantial portions of Illinois, Indiana
and Ohio. The results reported are preliminary in
nature and reflect limitations in data availability and
analysis which were found. Four alternative scenarios
for energy development in the region through the year
2000 were employed to conduct the analysis. Some of
the major preliminary fundings of this first year assess-
ment are: (1) air quality limitations in the region are be-
coming increasingly important considerations; (2)
water availability limitations may become important
before the year 2000; and (3) a high rate of growth may
be associated with an insufficiency of skilled labor to
construct conversion facilities. The implications of
these and other selected findings for public policy de-
velopment are discussed.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, 'Ohio River Basin,
Environmental impacts, Ecology, Public health, Land
use, Water pollution, Social effect, Economic impact,
Transportation, Industries, Planning, Forecasting, Sce-
narios, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Water con-
sumption, Air pollution, Ohio River Basin Energy Study.
PB-291 332/5 PC A05/MF A01
The Impact of Inorganic Phosphates In the Envi-
ronment. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Justine L. Welch. Nov 78,94p* EPA/560/1-78/003
This report reviews the literature concerning the con-
sequences of nutrient enrichment, the significance of
phosphorus in eutrophication, critical phosphorus con-
centrations, the effects of eutrophication on human
populations, and the extent of the eutrophication prob-
lem in the United States. The evidence contained in
this report indicates that (a) excessive nutrient concen-
trations are associated with undesirable changes (eu-
trophication) in aquatic plants, depletion of dissolved
oxygen, disappearance of cold water fish, and appear-
ance of nuisance algal species; (b) excessive phos-
phorus is most frequently responsible for these unde-
sirable changes in lakes; (c) lakes and reservoirs re-
spond more severely to excessive phosphorus con-
centrations than do flowing waters, and do so at lower
phosphorus concentrations; (d) phosphorus may at
times be the limiting factor in estuaries but is not usual-
ly the limiting factor in coastal waters; (e) critical phos-
phorus levels which lead to eutrophication have not
been clearly defined because of the variation in the re-
sponse of surface waters to phosphorus caused by dif-
ferences in residence times, (f) eutrophication has ad-
versely affected human populations through increased
water treatment costs, decreased property values,
changes in the commercial fishery and reduction of the
aesthetic and recreational values of affected lakes.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Environmental impacts,
'Water pollution, 'Reviews, Aquatic plants, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Concentration(Composition), Fishes,
Algae, Mortality, Humans, Sewage treatment, Recrea-
tion, Esthetics, Cost analysis, Estuaries, Inorganic
phosphates, Economic impact. Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Eutrophication, Commercial fishing,
Sport fishing, Trophic level, Organic loading.
PB-291 350/7 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Southeastern Illinois Region: Solid Waste Man-
agement System Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Jun74,73pilEQ-74/36
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
'Illinois, Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial
wastes, Paper, Metals, Glass, Reclamation, Employ-
ment, Population growth, Cost analysis, Southeastern
Region(lliinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 367/1 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Sangamon County: Solid Waste Management
System Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Jun74,64pilEQ-74/11
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes,
Paper, Metals, Glass, Illinois, Reclamation, Employ-
ment, Population growth, Cost analysis, 'Sangmon
County(lllinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 368/9 PC A11/MF A01
Illinois Inst. of Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Chemistry and Biology of Trace Metals In the En-
vironment. Seminar series.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
1971,247p
Sponsored in part by Illinois Inst. for Environmental
Quality, Chicago.
A seminar series 'Chemistry and Biology of Trace
Metals in the Environment' was sponsored jointly by
the School of Chemical Sciences and the School of
Life Sciences of the College of Liberal Arts and Sci-
ences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
during the Spring semester of 1971. It was offered as a
course listed as Chemistry 199 and 490, and Biology
199 and 490, open to undergraduate and graduate stu-
dents from any college of the university. Topics con-
sidered include the following: Chemistry of trace
metals in the environment; Heavy metals as environ-
mental pollutants; Methylation of heavy metals; Some
coordination compounds in biochemistry; Trace
metals and animal growth and longevity; Trace metals
- cadmium, lead and copper - in the blood and serum
of cadmium-dosed rats; The ion microprobe; The clini-
cal chemist's responsibility in environmental health;
Automation and computerization of analytical meas-
urements; Trace metals in soils; Trace elements and
plant growth; Trace metals in coal; Trace elements In
southern Lake Michigan; Removal of trace metals from
public water supplies; Water quality and effluent stand-
ards for trace metals.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Metals, 'Hand-
books, 'Trace elements, Methylation, Biochemistry,
Animals, Coal, Plant growth, Soil analysis, Chemical
analysis, Probes, Biological extracts, Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Copper, Laboratory animals, Lake Michi-
gan, Water supply, Standards, Air pollution, Water pol-
lution, Education, Water quality, Land pollution.
PB-291 369/7 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab .-Cincinnati,
OH.
Pollution Control Guideline* for Coal Refuse Plw*
and Slurry Ponds. Final rept. Dec 75-Jul 77.
Wahler (w. A.) and Associates, Palo Alto, CA.
Nov 78,228p* EPA/600/7-78/222
Contracts EPA-68-03-2344, EPA-68-03-2431
A large percentage of the eastern coal mined today is
washed and processed to remove impurities and in-
crease quality. The wastes from the preparation proc-
ess pose a serious disposal problem. The study inves-
tigated acid and heavy metal ion concentrations in
water passing through refuse piles, suspended solids
in waters from refuse areas and slurry ponds, noxious
gases from oxidation and fires in refuse piles, and air-
borne particulates from dry exposed refuse surfaces.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Solid waste disposal, Coal preparation, Dust con-
trol. Solid wastes, Water quality, Reclamation, Erosion
control, Tables(Data), Guidelines, 'Coal refuse,
'Slurry ponds, Mine acid drainage, Eastern coal.
PB-291 371/3 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Feedlot Runoff Control Research Program. Final
rept.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agricultur-
al Engineering.
May76,62pl°EQ-76/08
The design of runoff control systems in Illinois and
most other states has evolved to the conventional
system illustrated. This system consists of facilities for
clean water diversion where necessary, a collection
channel, settling basin, runoff holding pond, ana
pumping equipment for dewatering the holding pond-
Capacities, shapes, and construction materials for
each component may vary a great deal, but the same
basic components are normally present in each instal-
lation.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock, 'Runoff,
'Water pollution control, Design, Lagoons(Ponds),
Settling, Channels, Dewatering, Pumping, Describing,
Sites, Monitoring, Water quality, Performance evalua-
tion, Illinois, Feedlot wastes.
PB-291 375/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Education Handbook for Teacher*-
Final rept.,
Illinois Office of Education, Springfield.
Joseph M. Cronin. 1972,100p
This document presents to the citizens of Illinois apian
by which awareness of, and responsibility for, environ-
mental problems may be gained. The elements offer a
basic outline for the improvement of environmental
education in the state of Illinois.
Keywords: 'Environments, 'Education, Legislation.
Schools, Students, Instructors, Ecology, Natural re-
sources, Instructional materials, Guidelines, Curricula-
PB-291 379/6 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Evaluation of Toxic Effect* of Organic Contami-
nants In Recycled Water. Final rept. 30 Sep 76-31
May 78,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
Nachman Gruener. Dec 78,111p EPA/600/1-78/068
Contract EPA-68-03-2464
The report represents the results of a comprehensive
series of toxicological studies designed to evaluate the
health effects of the application of recycled water fo<
drinking purposes. Water was prepared in a highly ad-
vanced domestic sewerage pilot plant. Some 400,000
liters of the finished water were concentrated down to
a volume of 200 liters with a total organic carbon con-
tent of 700 mg/l. This concentrate was Incorporated
into a gel-type diet which was fed to rojce. A total o»
900 animals was included in the experimental Pro"
gram, which extended to 150 days. The mice were
tested for growth, food intake, mutagenicity, mortality'
602 Vol. S3, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
blood physiology and biochemistry, and liver and nerv-
ouf system functions. Ten tissues were screened for
pathological effects. Only marginal changes were
oemonstrated in these areas. In a second series of ex-
periments, rodent and human cells were tested In vitro
jor general toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity.
results for all three effects in the tissue cultures were
Positive. These effects were significantly increased by
ins presence of a liver activation system. These re-
sults show that exposure for a limited time (20% of a li-
an) to the concentrated, recycled water (about
-1000 times present human exposure) does not
to physiological changes in mice. On the other
. the positive results from the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity studies in tissue culture indicate a
n«ed for more studies in this area.
'Toxicology, 'Contaminants, 'Waste
water, Growth, Food consumption, In vitro analysis,
exposure, Evaluation, Mice, Effluents, Tables(Data),
mortality, Blood, Biochemistry, Liver, Nervous system,
H8sues(Biology), Pathology, Laboratory animals, Ex-
Pwtmental data, Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Physiologi-
rSii Sf90*8- Sewage, Recycling, Potable water,
ywis(Biology), Humans, 'Drinking water, 'Toxic sub-
he In?8' ^arc'n°98nesis' Mutagenesis, Environmental
386/1 PC A08/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
JrlanpiePark, NC.
.-—.»-„«, i of Flow Hate Calibration Procedures
£*"oclated with the High Volume Method for De-
10,* Suspended Partlculates. Final rapt.
'"'6-77,
h Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
h, P. s. Wohlschlegel, R. S. C. Rogers, and D. J.
g 78, 162p EPA/600/4-78/047
A-68-02-2277
ih in cooperation with North Carolina State
untv. at Raleigh.
germination of total suspended paniculate (TSP) in
{Llfmbient air by the high-volume method requires
ennZi Pendent measurements, mass of particulate
SMI *"• sampling flow rate, and sampling time. Sev-
jjj™ Potential sources of error in each of the three
?P°ye measurements have been identified. Implemen-
{JjWn of technically sound, standardized flow rate cali-
effftlS? 8 Ion9 been recognized as one of the most
J'™"Ye means of improving the accuracy and preci-
won of TSP data. Procedures for accomplishing this
Drn£ .not beeP standardized. The purpose of this
tho « was to investigate potential sources of error in
„• flow rate calibration used in making TSP meas-
"jernents using the EPA reference method. The first
was a theoretical study of the flow rate calibration
«
811;°ret|cal study concerning temperature and pres-
JJ"» corrections for calibration and use of the high-
uiurne sampler. The indications from this study are
"W to comply with EPA's requirement that all ambient
ajnvW data be referenced to standard conditions of
n»? u,rsc> and 760 mm Hg and to increase the com-
^ability of TSP data, the flow rate should be based
""we flow rate of a standard volume and reported as
renTi d vo^me, e.g., g/SCM. This procedure would
jyjjJire that ambient temperature and barometric pres-
to iS,i tne time of sample collection be known in order
^'culate the flow rate based on standard volume.
Bywords: 'Chemical analysis. Sampling, Error analy-
r£ samplers, Air pollution, Design criteria, Perform-
SS? ,evaluation, Calibrating, Laboratory equipment,
H?™*>S, 'Total suspended particulates, 'Air pollution
""'action, 'Air quality, Numerical solution, Procedures.
I9/5 PCA18/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
tion modifications on two industrial boilers. The sup-
plement is Intended for researchers who wish to per-
form their own detailed calculations. (Portions of this
document are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Smoke, Particle size,
Trace elements, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Or-
ganic compounds, Flue gases, Fuel oil, Natural gas,
Tables(Data), Air pollution sampling.
PB-291 396/0 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Waste and Water Pollution from Coal-
Fired Power Plants: Second R and D Report.
Annual rept. Jan 76-Apr 77,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA. Environment and
Energy Conservation Div.
P. P. Leo, and J. Rossoff. Nov 78,279p ATR-79(7297-
01, EPA/600/7-78/224
Contract EPA-68-02-1010
See also report dated Oct 76, PB-259 211.
Flue gas cleaning waste treatment, utilization, and dis-
posal, as well as water reuse technology for coal-fired
utility power plants are discussed. Significant areas
treated include: coal-pile drainage; ash characteriza-
tion and disposal; chemical and physical properties
and leaching characteristics of treated and untreated
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastes; field evalua-
tions of treated and untreated waste disposal; physical
and chemical properties of gypsum produced from
FGD systems; cost estimates for producing and dis-
posing of FGD gypsum; potential use of FGD wastes in
fertilizer production; the economics of alumina produc-
tion; and power plant water recycle, treatment, and
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Water pollution control, Flue gases, Leaching,
Water reclamation, Industrial water, sludge disposal,
Scrubbers, Drainage, Gypsum, Limestone, Calcium
oxides, Ponds, Cost analysis, Effluents, Reviews, Re-
viewing, Ashes, 'Fossil-fuel power plants, 'Coal fired
power plants, Sludges, Stationary sources, Waste
water reuse, Coal piles.
PB-291 401/8 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Conventional Combustion Environmental Assess-
ment Program. Special rept.,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pamela K. Lattimore. Dec 78,17p EPA/600/8-78/021
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
The brochure gives a generic overview of EPA's Con-
ventional Combustion Environmental Assessment
(CCEA) Program. The CCEA Program was established
recently to coordinate and integrate EPA's research
and development efforts lor assessing the environ-
mental effects of pollutants from the conventional
combustion of fossil fuels. The brochure describes the
CCEA Program: its objectives and methodology, why
and how it was developed, and its outputs.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fossil fuels,
'Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Air pollution.
Water pollution, Assessments, 'Stationary sources,
'Conventional combustion environmental assessment
program, Solid wastes, CCEA program.
wttk!lon Reduction on Two Industrial Boilers
"i.ln **a|or Combustion Modifications (Data Sup-
. Rept. for Jan 76-Jan 78,
~ ' 1, CA.
. Buening, W. A. Carter, and S. C.
7e/no|g J?ec 78,411 p KVB-6004-734A, EPA/600/7-
2°"tractEPA-68-02-2144
"** also Final rept. dated Jun 78, PB-283 109.
fi? rePort provides raw data from a study of the ef-
•fcw on air pollutant emissions of extensive combus-
PB-291 405/9 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Champaign County Solid Waste Management
System Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Mar 74, 60pllEQ-74-12
Grant EPA-L-005010
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes,
Paper, Metals, Glass, Illinois, Reclamation, Employ-
ment, Population growth, Cost analysis, 'Champaign
County(lllinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 408/3 PC A03/MF A01
Economic Impact Studies: The First Year In
Review. Final rept.
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Jun 77,27p IIEQ-77/20
In October 1975, Illinois became the first state to pass
legislation requiring that the economic impacts of pro-
posed environmental regulations be considered. The
basic purpose of these evaluations was to provide in-
formation regarding the costs and benefits of the pro-
posals to the Pollution Control Board. Some of the
major benefits and costs associated with these pro-
posals are shown.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Illinois, Regulations,
Legislation, Noise reduction, Government policies,
State government, Economic analysis, 'Environmental
protection, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol.
PB-291 416/6 PC A12/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Indirect Source Monitoring Study at the North-
woods Shopping Center. Final rept.,
Environmental Technology Assessm
Brook, IL.
J. E. Norco, J. L. Yates, P. L. Zaleski, P. A. Roberts,
and P. L. Stump. Feb 74,275p IIEQ-75-05
Prepared in cooperation with Air Resources, Inc., Pala-
tine, IL
Technology Assessment, Inc., Oak
The development of methodologies to determine the
air quality impact of transportation systems and indi-
rect sources requires a detailed data base. Such data
is necessary to develop the relationships between var-
iables associated with the transportation system, indi-
rect sources, and meteorological conditions and the
resulting air quality. The data contained in this report
will be useful to engineers, planners, and environmen-
talists in: (1) Determining the relationships between
average dally traffic and peak traffic conditions; (2) Es-
tablishing relationships between traffic levels and am-
bient air quality; and, (3) Determining the potential for
violation of national ambient air quality standards for
transportation related pollutants in a congested com-
mercial situation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Management planning, Traf-
fic, Exhaust emissions, Federal government, Stand-
ards, Sources, Monitoring, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Illinois, 'Northwoods
Shopping Center, 'Air quality.
PB-291 420/8 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
Used Oil Recycling In Illinois: A Review and Public
Policy Analysis. Final rept,
ETA Engineering, Inc., Westmont, IL.
John J. Yates, and Kevin G. Croke. Aug 78,52p IINR-
78/27
Between 80 and 100 million gallons of industrial oils
are purchased by Illinois industries annually. Their use
results in the disposal of approximately 50-80 million
gallons of potentially recoverable used oil. The major
consequences of current disposal practices are large
scale losses of a valuable dwindling resource, and the
potential for improper disposal methods. This report
examines alternative state policies which would 'en-
courage more widespread industrial used oil recovery.
Keywords: 'Oil wastes, 'Recycling, 'Energy conserva-
tion, Waste disposal, Industries, Industrial plants, Gov-
ernment policies, State government, Incentives, Bene-
fit cost analysis, Waste oils, Industrial sector, 'Liquid
waste disposal.
PB-291 424/0 PC A09/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
The Economic Impact of Total Dissolved Solids
Effluent Standards In Illinois. Final rept.,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Linda L. Huff, and James t. Huff. Aug 76,177p IIEQ-
76-17
In 1971, the Illinois Pollution Control Board adopted ef-
fluent standards to maintain and protect water quality
within the state. According to Rule 408 of Chapter 3 of
the Water Pollution Regulations, 22 pollutants were
limited in discharges to specific concentrations. The
technical feasibility of achieving these limitations was
December 1983 603
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
one of the primary bases considered in the promulga-
tion of these values. The major emphasis of this report
.. '-nfrom either
_. or (b) adop-
lage of Sauget to come into compliance.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Water pollution con-
trol, "Urban areas, Dissolved organic matter, Industrial
wastes, Water quality, Mississippi River, Illinois River,
Trends, Sewage treatment, Cost analysis, Regula-
tions. Illinois, *Total dissolved solids, Water quality
standards, Sauget Village(lllinols).
PB-201 428/1 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Economic Analysis of Erosion and Sedimentation:
Upper Embarrat River Bailn. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champalgn. Dept. of Agricultur-
al Economics.
M. T. Lee, A. S. Narayanan, and E. R. Swanson. Apr
75.37p AERR-135, IIEQ-74-41
See also report dated Dec 74, PB-274 687.
The upper Embarras River Basin (KERB) Is defined as
a drainage area upstream of roughly the boundary of
Coles and Cumberland Counties. It covers about 696
square miles In Champaign, Douglas, Coles, Edgar,
and Cumberland Counties. The outlet of this water-
shed Is currently under Investigation as a possible site
for a flood control reservoir. The major problem Is peri-
odic inundation in the downstream area. The runoff
problem was studied by the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-
neers. This report studies the economic aspects ol
erosion and sedimentation in this typical watershed lo-
cated In the flat, production farmland of central Illinois.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Farms, 'Agricultural eco-
nomics, 'Embarras River Watershed, Income, Losses,
Damage, Sedimentation, Soil conservation, Farm
crops, Decision making, Topography, Economic analy-
sis, Contours, Tables(Data), Illinois, Champaign
Countyllllinols), Douglas County(lllinois), Coles
County(lllinols), Edgar County(lllinols), Cumberland
Countyjllllnols).
PB-M1 430/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the PILLS IV. Final rept. May 77-Mar
78.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL
William E. Farthing, and Wallace B. Smith. Jul 78,55p
SORI-EAS-78-611, EPA/600/7-78/130
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report gives results of theoretical and experimen-
tal investigations of the operating characteristics of the
PILLS IV (Paniculate Instrumentation by Laser Light
Scattering) in situ particle sizing instrument. Results of
both Investigations show large errors in sizing particles
with the Instrument. Attempts to correlate the experi-
mental findings with qualitative theoretical explana-
tions established a sensitivity to particle refractive
Index and detector response that seems to account for
the observed characteristics. Further measurements
would be required to test this explanation quantitative-
ly. The prototype was designed to measure particle
size using the ratio of Intensities of light scattered from
a particle at two small angles (14 and 7 degrees) with
respect to an incident laser beam. The intensity ratio
was chosen because of Its relative independence of
particle refractive Index. However, the magnitude of
the scattered Intensity at 14 degrees Is also used for
several Important decisions in the electronic process-
Ing logic which, for this particular optical system,
rendern especially sensitive to refractive index and de-
tector variations for determinations of particle size dis-
tribution. Possible solutions to these problems were of-
fered with only minor hardware changes.
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Gas detector, Error analy-
sis, Light scattering, Lasers, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Air pollution, Laboratory equipment,
•PILLS 4 Instrumentation, 'Air pollution detection, Nu-
merical solutions.
PB-291 442/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA. Air and
Hazardous Materials Dtv.
Inventory Development for Evaluation of Meas-
ures for the Control of Nontradltlonal Sources of
Partlculates In Southern New England. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Fletcher G. Shives, and Michael W. Kozenko. Dec 78,
104p GCA-TR-78-47-G, EPA/901 /9-78/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
This report presents detailed micro-inventories of tra-
ditional and nontraditional sources of participate
matter within 5-mile and 1-mile radii, respectively, of
each of 10 sites in New England. The 10 sites are lo-
cated in Bridgeport, Hartford, and Waterbury, Con-
necticut; Boston, Fall River, Springfield, and Worcester
(two sites), Massachusetts; Bangor. Maine and Provi-
dence, Rhode Island. Emissions data for traditional
sources (point and area) were obtained from the most
recently available state inventories for the area of con-
cern. The data reporting format is principally that of the
'Micro-inventories for TSP' draft report (T.G. Pace,
U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, N.C.). The results
of this study can be used in an evaluation of control
measures, reductions in participate matter emissions,
and likely air quality improvements at the study sites.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'New England, Management
planning, Sources, Sites, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, State govern-
ment, Inventories, Connecticut, Maine, Massachu-
setts, Rhode Island, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air qual-
ity, Emission factors.
PB-291 448/9 PC A04/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sulfur Retention In Coal Ash. Final rept. Feb 75-Feb
78,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA.
K. L. Maloney, P. K. Engle, and S. S. Cherry. Nov 78,
69p EPA/600/7-78/153B
Contract EPA-68-02-1863
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-287 937.
The report gives results of an analytical study to
assess the potential for sulfur retention in various
types of coal-fired boilers. Results of a field test of 10
industrial coal-fired boilers were used to evaluate the
Impact on sulfur retention of the operating variables
(load and excess O2). The effect of ash composition
on sulfur retention was also evaluated, using a linear
regression analysis. The expression % S Emitted =
a+b (% Na20/% CaO) + c (Load/100,000), where a,
b, and c are constants, gave the best overall fit to the
two pulverized coal-fired boiler data. The field test and
regression analysis results were supported by equilibri-
um coal ash composition calculations over a range of
temperatures ana theoretical air for four coal ash com-
positions. The calculations show that significant frac-
tions of the sulfur can be tied up as Ca and Na salts
under both reducing and oxidizing conditions at tem-
peratures below 250F. A minimum in the total con-
densed phase sulfur species Is predicted at stoichio-
metrlc conditions for all temperatures.
Keywords: 'Ashes, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Adsorption, Coal,
Combustion products, Calcium oxides, Sodium oxides,
Air pollution control, Thermochemistry, Chemical equi-
librium, Field tests, Linear regression.
PB-291 468/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analysis of Polychlorlnated Byphanyl (PCB) In
Human Blood Serum Samples. Research request
no. 2 (Final) Jan-Oct 77,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL
Charles L. Stratton, and Paul C. Gelszler. Oct 77,66p
EPA/560/6-78/007
Contract EPA-68-01-3248
A total of 208 human blood serum samples and two
mother's milk samples were analyzed for polychlori-
nated blphenyl (PCB). The samples were supplied to
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. (ESE) in
frozen condition by the Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta,
Georgia. This report includes the analytical results for
these samples and an assessment of the degree of
uncertainty involved in the analysis.
Keywords: 'Blood serum, 'Toxicology, Humans, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Milk, Quality control,
Tables(Data), Mothers, 'Polychlorinated blphenyls, Bi-
phenyl/chloro, Analytical methods, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254.
PB-291 490/1 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Schlstosomlasls In Rural Egypt: A Report of U.S.-
Egyptian River Nile and Lake Nasser Researcn
Project. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
F. DeWolfe Miller, Mohamad Hussein, Khalil H. Mancy,
and Morton S. Hilbert. Dec 78,227p EPA/600/1-78/
070
Grant SFCP-03-542-1
Prepared in cooperation with Alexandria Univ. (Egypt)-
Higher Inst. of Public Health.
The objectives of this study were to provide current in-
formation on the prevalence of schistosomlasis
throughout Egypt, to establish trends in the prevalence
of schistosomiasis in order to shed light on the poten-
tial changes caused by the Aswan High Dam, and to
determine correlations between certain environmental
variables and the prevalence of the disease. P'6^"
lence was invariably higher in male adolescents wijn
the differential between sexes increasing from north to
south. The prevalence was significantly lower in those
villagers who obtained water for domestic use from
protected supplies. The effect of population gro*™1
and migration from rural to urban areas is discussed.
Results based on trend analysis of current and past
data indicated a strong decline In overall prevalence ot
the disease in rural populations over the past 40 years.
The data did not show an increase in the overall preva-
lence of schistosomiasis following the construction or
the Aswan High Dam. The Nubian population also ex-
perienced a decrease in prevalence following reloca-
tion, with some villages benefiting more than others.
Environmental conditions were also correlated against
schistosomiasis prevalence and additional aspects ot
transmission is discussed. (Portions of this document
are not fully legible)
Keywords: 'Egypt, 'Schistosomiasis, Reviews, Corre-
lations, Dams, Trends, Helminthic diseases, Infectious
diseases, Parasitic diseases, Environments,
Tables(Data), Africa, Males, Females, Potable water,
Population growth, Population migration, Rural areas,
Urban areas, Relocation, Life cycles, Research,
Aswan High Dam, Adolescents, 'Environmental
health, Nubians.
PB-291 494/3 PC A03/MF AOl
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Sediment and Soil Loss In Illinois: Summary. Final
rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Jun 78,27p IIEQ-78/24
This is a summary of a 420 page report on a sediment
and soil loss study of five Illinois lakes and their water-
sheds conducted by the Illinois State Water Survey as
Project 20.085, sponsored by an agreement with the Il-
linois Institute for Environmental Quality and the Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency. The data was gath-
ered to support the development of a state plan for
abatement of agricultural non-point sources of pollu-
tion, under provisions of Section 208 of the Water Po •
lution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L 92-500).
Keywords: 'Sedimentation, 'Soil erosion, 'Water-
sheds, 'Lakes, Water pollution abatement, Sediments,
Particle size, Mathematical prediction, Volume, Depth,
Storage, Soil loss, Runoff, Lake Vermilion Watershed,
Lake Taylorville Watershed, Lake Springfield Water-
shed, Lake Carlyle Watershed, Lake Shelbyville Wa-
tershed, Illinois, Nonpoint sources, Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-291 495/0 PC A19/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
SRC (Solvent Refined Coal) Site - Specific Pollut-
ant Evaluation. Volume I. Discussion. Final rept
Nov 77-Sep 78,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Homer T. Hopkins, Kathleen M. McKeon, Carolyn R.
Thompson, and E. Earl Weir. Nov 78,440p EPA/600/
7-78/223A
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
See also Volume 2, PB-291 496.
604 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report characterizes the potential environmental
anecta of the multimedia waste streams from the oper-
ationi of a standard-size Solvent Refined Coal (SRC-I
ffu P^C-II) liquefaction facility utilizing 28,123 Mg of
"»no» No. 6 coal per day. The report gives: (1) a more
aetal ed evaluation of the SRC pollutants character-
ing, a rePort> Standards of Practice Manual for the
SMI r('ue'act'on Process; (2) an estimate of the po-
in- illy adverse effects of pollutant stressors emanat-
gfl from a hypothetical SRC facility on the Wabash
"'ver, White County, Illinois; and (3) substantial back-
ground information in a form usable for an Environ-
g«ntal Assessment Report (EAR) on SRC technology.
Regulatory standards and guidelines are discussed
giative to the emerging synthetic fuels technology.
[/"March needs are identified in terms of SRC tech-
"oiogy, monitoring, and environmental sciences. Study
'wuits indicate concern for emissions from auxiliary
B.g., cooling towers, boilers, sulfur recovery), fu-
> process discharges, solid wastes, leachate con-
ami > °' water, polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbon
fissions, hazardous wastes, water treatment effec-
~"s, interactions within and among media, etc.
1 2 of the report Includes supporting appendl-
., s: 'Environmental surveys, Fossil fuels, Air
T ''on. Solid waste disposal, Coal, Water pollution,
'•chnology, Ecosystems, Monitoring,
J'Oncentratlon(Composltlon), Regulations, Industrial
n?i *.' Design criteria, Process charting, Sites, Illi-
nois. 'Solvent-refined coal, 'SRC process, White
' Hlnols), Coal liquefaction, Fugitive emissions,
y, Water quality.
rt.« 7M/8 pc A12/MF A01
'"°"«nal Environmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
SBfl!?Park,NC.
2J9 _(8olv*nt Refined Coal) Site-Specific Pollut-
JP Evaluation. Volume 2. App*ndlc**. Final rept.
u^anAssoclates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
. Hopkins, Kathleen M. McKeon, Carolyn R.
0n' and E' Earl Weir' Nov 78' 273p EPA/600/
e 1, PB-291 495.
to volume of the report contains appendices sup-
rS™9 the Volume 1 discussion of the environmental
•I* * of tne multimedia waste streams from a stand-
\S 5olvent Refined Coal liquefaction facility. It pro-
eK? 'formation on the methodologies involved, In-
I'udlng Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEQs) and
2?"rce Analysis Methodology (SAM). It also summa-
"»» the 1977 amendments to the Clean Air, Clean
wr, and Hazardous Waste Acts. The report pro-
Jg-291 502/3
?.***ur*m*nt and th* Law: Monitoring for Compll-
with th* Clean Air Amendments of 1970.
h.2? a compilation of site-specific information as
""CKground for the pollutant effects study results
wen In Volume 1.
w«)!word8: 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution, Solid
disposal, Water pollution, Sites, Assessments,
s, Mathematical models, Toxicology, Ecosys-
. Jables(Data), Technology, Industrial wastes,
' Illinois, 'Solvent-refined coal, 'SRC process,
efaction, White County(lllinols), Fugitive emls-
Not available NTIS
ca article,
gjyironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
§™ce of Research and Development.
|»nley M. Blacker, Wayne R. Ott, and Thomas W.
Puh18y; C3° APr 77'19P EPA/600/J-77/142
nieo '"International Jnl. of Environmental Studies, v11
pl °9-185 1977.
2* Clean Air Amendments of 1970 (P.L 91-604) con-
S."8* large number of regulatory approaches de-
DrJ» ;° operate separately and In combination to im-
KS2.alr Duality, thereby protecting the Nation's public
J°f ith and welfare. These approaches include attain-
nS? of National Ambient Air Quality Standards
of« 9S) trough State Implementation Plans, control
Ttto "onary sources, and control of mobile sources.
ran? r?per discusses the essential provisions in each
u^'atory approach so one can appreciate Its underly-
p5.,Punj08e and the rationale for the Environmental
are. * on A8.ency's (EPA) regulatory actions in each
«-„?• Air monitoring constitutes one of the most impor-
"*"< yardsticks available for judging the effectiveness
of regulatory approaches. The paper focuses on one
regulatory approach-control of air pollution through
State Implementation Plans-depicting It as a feedback
control system. The NAAQS are Inputs to the system,
the Plans are the control mechanism, and air monitor-
ing Is the 'feedback loop' by which to guage compli-
ance with the NAAQS. Within the feedback loop are
six component subsystems: monitoring site selection,
sampling frequency, measurement methods, refer-
ence materials, data acquisition, and data analysis and
presentation. The paper briefly describes the general
operations and scientific requirements of each subsys-
tem. (Copyright (c) Gordon and Breach Science Pub-
lishers Ltd., 1977.)
Keywords: 'Regulations, Air pollution control, Monitor-
Ing, Standards, Sites, Data analysis, Data acquisition,
State government, Federal government, 'Air quality,
'Clean Air Amendments of 1970, State Implementa-
tion Plans, Reprints.
PB-291 522/1 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
Urban Runoff Control Planning,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York. Urban
Water Resources Research Council.
Murray B. McPherson. Oct 76,196p* EPA/600/9-76/
035
This report has been prepared to assist agencies and
their agents that are participants in the preparation of
areawlde plans, from the standpoint of major urban
runoff technical Issues in long-range planning. Empha-
sized Is the Importance of conjunctive consideration of
urban runoff quantity and quality and the need to de-
velopment a factual basis that will support expected
reliability of performance of proposed actions and pro-
grams. While not Intended as a handbook for urban
runoff control planning, this report delves into some
Important technical issues that are often slighted or
poorly handled, such as the utilization of simulation.
Recognizing that the ultimate test of any plan lies In Its
Implementation, topics are viewed from the perspec-
tive and experience of the local government level
where Implementation takes place.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Urban planning, Simulation, Combined sewers, Over-
flows, Storm sewers, Project planning, Local govern-
ment. Objectives, Waste water reuse, Flooding, Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Flow rate, Sewage treat-
ment, Constraints, Water storage, Financing, Erosion,
Catch basins, Land use, Volume, 'Storm water runoff,
Urban hydrology.
PB-291 523/9 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environment Quality, Chicago.
McLean County Solid Waste Management System
Analysis. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F,), Inc., West Chester. PA.
Jun74,67pllEQ-74-6
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes,
Paper, Metals, Glass, Illinois, Reclamation, Employ-
ment, Population growth, Cost analysis, 'McLean
County(lllinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 526/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Dlv.
Oklahoma Coordinate System User's Quid*. Final
rept,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jonathan D. Cook. Nov 78,215p GEOMET-EF-702,
EPA/906/9-78/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2582
This document describes the Oklahoma Coordinate
System (DCS), a single-zone coordinate system cover-
ing the State of Oklahoma. This is intended to be a
comprehensive manual on the system, Including the
provision of tables and formulas necessary to relate
DCS coordinates to other coordinate systems used in
Oklahoma. The coordinate system and accompanying
materials and User's Guide were developed to aid
State and local air quality control personnel In their
work aimed at Improving and maintaining air quality
within Oklahoma. Listings of computer software are
provided.
Keywords: 'Oklahoma, 'Programming manuals, Map
projection, Maps, Tables(Data), Computer programs,
Fortran, Air pollution, 'Oklahoma Coordinate System,
LAMGEN computer program, Lambert conformal pro-
jection, Universal Transverse Mercator system, For-
tran 4 programming language, IBM-370 computers, Air
quality.
PB-291 543/7 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Solid Watt* Management In Illinois. Volume 6: Th*
Plan. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
1974,49pllEQ-74/55
See also Volume 4, PB-275 081.
Vigorous enforcement by the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency (IEPA) enabled the state to lead the
nation In 'Operation 5000'-a United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (US EPA) program for clos-
ing open dumps. Revised rules and regulations for
sanitary landfills were promulgated In July, 1973, and
all landfill operators were required to obtain permits by
July, 1974.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Illinois, Materials
recovery, Cost analysis, Regulations,
Law(Jurlsprudence), State government, 'Solid waste
abatement, Solid waste management.
PB-291 669/2 PC A03/MF A01
Th* Us* of T*dlar Bag* to Contain Q***ou* B*n-
nn* Simples at Sourc*-L*v*l Concentration*.
Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Joseph E. Knoll, Wade H. Penny, and M. Rodney
Mldgett. Sep 78, 49p EPA/600/4-78/057
Tedlar bags have been evaluated as containers for
gaseous benzene samples for use in EPA Method 111
- Determination of Benzene from Stationary Sources.
When such bags were used for storage, benzene sam-
ples remained essentially unchanged when held at
ambient temperatures for up to 17 days, when cooled
to -40C for one hour or when heated to 70C for one
hour. At higher temperatures, some concentration
changes were observed and above 105C decomposi-
tion of the bag seals resulted. At room temperature,
there was no evidence of permeation loss and absorp-
tive loss could only be observed upon prolonged con-
tact. Flushing bags three times with nitrogen was suffi-
cient to remove all traces of previous samples. Tedlar
bags were also used to prepare gaseous mixtures for
calibration purposes In gas chromatography. Such
samples were prepared by injecting measured quanti-
ties of liquid benzene into a bag while metering-ln nitro-
gen gas.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Benzene, Containers,
Sampling, Calibrating, Chemical analysis, Air pollution,
Gas chromatography, Laboratory equipment,
ConcentrationfComposltion), 'Air pollution detection,
•Tedlar bags, JEPA method 111.
PB-291 691/8 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Industrial Bolter FOD (Flu* 0«* Dwulturls*-
tlon) Survey: Second Quarter, 1978. Final rept. Apr-
Jun 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Tuttle, A. Patkar, N. Gregory, and M. Eckstein. Jul
78,127p EPA/60017-78/052B
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-279 214.
The report presents detailed technical Information
concerning application of flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems to industrial boilers. Design and oper-
ation data has been obtained from 152 separate FGD
control systems, with a capacity of 8.3 million acfm
(2200 MW equivalent). An average of more than six
FGD units per year have come on Tine since 1972, indi-
cating FGD to be a viable method of controlling SO2
emissions. The information was obtained by a survey
of plant personnel, control system vendors, regulatory
December 1983 605
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
agencies, and consulting engineering firms. The data
is given in two types of tables: one gives summary in-
formation; the other, detailed information. Summary
tables present information as a function of control
process, control system vendor, disposal techniques,
operation status, start-up date, and flue gas capacity.
Detailed Information includes: control system design,
economics, operating experience, problems and solu-
tions, waste disposal techniques, and maintenance
practices.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Boilers, *Sulfur diox-
ide, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Flue
gases, Tables(Data), Performance evaluation, Sur-
veys.
PB-291 609/6 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The Felton-Herron Creek, Mill Creek Pilot Water-
shed Study. Rept. for May 74-Mar 78,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
Thomas M. Burton. Jun 78,233p EPA/905/9-78/002
Grant EPA-R-005143-01
The effects of fruit orchard farming and land applica-
tion of wastewater on transport of pollutants to the
Great Lakes were studied in two sub-studies. In the
Mill Creek Study, movement of pesticides from fruit or-
chards was the primary concern. Only eight pesticides
were transported in appreciable quantity, the major
forms exported were the residual, presently unused,
chlorinated hydrocarbons. Most pesticides were trans-
ported on suspended solids. Pesticides lost in order of
amount lost were DDT, DDE, Atrazine, Dieldrin, DDD,
Simazine, Aldrin, and Guthion. Most pesticides lost
were associated with past farming practices or corn
cultivation. Guthion was the only major pesticide lost
associated with present fruit orchard farming prac-
tices. The Felton-Herron Creek Study demonstrated
that Improper management of land application sys-
tems for recycling municipal wastewater can lead to
appreciable loading of streams with major nutrients,
especially nitrogen. Proper management can control
these losses. Perennial crops and oldf ield systems are
efficient at uptake of both N and P throughout the
growing season and offer excellent wastewater ren-
ovation potential.
Keywords: 'Fruit crops, 'Pesticides, 'Irrigation,
•Water pollution, 'Mill Creek Watershed, 'Felton-
Herron Creek Watershed, Sewage treatment, Chlc.o-
hydrocarbons, Losses, Corn plants, Runoff, Nitrogen,
Ground water, Harvesting, Spraying, Winter, Great
Lakes, Water quality management, Michigan, 'Land
application, Path of pollutants, 'Agricultural water-
sheds.
PB-291 628/6 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Sample Banking-Research and
Methodology. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Donald A. Becker. 1976,7p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Proceedings of a Symposium on Trace Sub-
stances In Environmental Health-X, Held at Columbia,
MO., on June 8-10,1976, p353-359 1976.
The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), In coopera-
tion with the Environment Protection Agency and the
National Science Foundation, is engaged in a research
program establishing methodology for environmental
sample banking. This program is aimed toward evalu-
ating the feasibility of a National Environment Speci-
men Bank (NESB). The program currently under way in
the NBS Analytical Chemistry Division has 3 main
components. The first is an extension survey of availa-
ble literature concerning problems of contamination,
losses and storage. The second component Is an ex-
perimental evaluation of contamination and losses
during sampling and sample handling. The third com-
ponent of this program is an evaluation of existing
methodology for long-term sample storage. This pro-
gram Is a concerted effort to bring together many as-
pects of sampling, sample handling, and storage. The
results seem to be useful not only for sample banking
purposes but to the general trace substance analytical
community as well.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Sampling, Guidelines, Trace elements, Cleaning,
Storage, Materials handling.
PB-291 639/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 2. Oil and Gas Production Industry. Initial
rept. Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Glynda E. Wilkins. Feb 77,112p* EPA/600/2-77/
023B
Contract EPA-6B-02-1319
See also Chapter 1, PB-266 274.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The oil and gas production industry is involved in locat-
ing and retrieving oil and gas from underground forma-
tions and preparing the well streams for use by con-
sumers. The industry is discussed in five segments: (1)
Exploration and Site Preparation, (2) Drilling, (3) Crude
Processing, (4) Natural Gas Processing, and (5) Sec-
ondary and Tertiary Recovery. Two process flow
sheets and twenty process descriptions have been
prepared to characterize the industry. Within each
process description available data have been present-
ed on input materials, operating parameters, utility re-
quirements and waste streams. Data related to the
subject matter, including company and product data,
are Included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Oil recovery, 'Gas production,
Catalogs(Publicatlons), Sites, Process charting,
Design criteria, Materials recovery, Manufacturers,
Crude oil, Natural gas, Listings.
PB-291 640/1 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 10. Plastics and Resins Industry. Initial
rept. Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Glynda E. Wilkins. Feb 77,326p* EPA/600/2-77/023J
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also Chapter 9, PB-281 480.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The Plastics and Resins Industry includes operations
which convert monomer or chemical intermediate ma-
terials obtained from the Basic Petrochemicals Indus-
try and the Industrial Organic Chemicals Industry into
resinous polymer products. Fabrication is not included
in this industry, nor is blending or formulation of resin
materials. This chapter provides an overview of the
plastics and resins Industry through a summary of In-
formation from the open literature describing industrial
practice. Because of the wide range and complexity of
the industry, this treatment necessarily describes only
the more important processes and products. This type
of summary eliminates many of the complexities and
variations in processing, resulting in a somewhat sim-
plified picture of the industry. Twenty process flow
sheets and sixty process descriptions nave been pre-
pared to characterize the industry. Within each proc-
ess description available data have been presented on
input materials, operating parameters, utility require-
ments and waste streams. Data related to the subject
matter, including company, raw material and product
data, are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Chemical industry, 'Plastics, 'Resins,
Catalogs(Publications), Polymerization,
Synthesi8(Chemlstry), Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Polyamide resins, Foams, Polyurethane resins,
Polyethylene terephthalate, Olefln resins, Phenolic
resins, Amino resins, Polycarbonate resins, Epoxy
resins, Polyester resins, Alkyd resins, Nylon 6, Nylon
66, Polyphenyl compounds, Manufacturers,
Poly(phenylene sulfide), Polyacetals, Listings.
PB-291 641/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnat:,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Uss:
Chapter 12. The Explosives Industry. Initial rept.
Aug 75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Charles E. Hudak, and Terry B. Parsons. Feb 77,
122p*EPA/600/2-77/023L
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also Chapter 11, PB-281 481.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining tne
environmental impacts of industrial activity in tne
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The explosives industry as a whole includes compa-
nies which manufacture organic nitration products ana
formulate mixtures of chemicals with explosive Pr°P&
ties. Five nitration processes are described, along wit"
the process for production of nitric acid used in the ni-
tration reactions. Six process flow charts and fifteen
process descriptions have been prepared to charac-
terize the industry. Within each process, description
available data have been presented on input materials,
operating parameters, utility requirements, and waste
streams. Data related to the subject matter, including
company, product, and raw material data, are included
as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Explosives, 'Chemical industry,
r*a*alsi<*io/Di ililis*aiissne>\ Pkoe«ii-iii stritnria Dm/taOC dhflFl*
PB-291 642/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environments! Use:
Chapter 13. Plastlclzer* Industry. Initial rept Aug
75-Nov 76,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Carol May Thompson. Feb 77,70p' EPA/600/2-77/
023M
Contract EPA-68-02-1319
See also Chapter 15, PB-281 482.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ^
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The Plasticizer Industry includes manufacturers who
produce primary synthetic organic plasticizers. Manu-
facturers who refine or otherwise upgrade natural pw*"
ticizers such as mineral oil or castor oil are not includ-
ed. Plasticizers are materials which are added to or-
ganic polymers to facilitate processing, to modify tne
properties of the product, or both. In many cases, the
distinction between plasticizers and other additives,
such as extender oils, flame retardants, processing
aids, and lubricants are often blurred. Three process
flow sheets and three process descriptions have been
prepared to characterize the industry. Within eacn
process description available data have been present-
ed on input materials, operating parameters, utility re-
quirements, and waste streams. Data related to tne
subject matter, including company and product data,
are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Chemical industry, 'Plasticizers,
Catalogs(Publications), Process charting, Design crite-
ria, Manufacturers, Esterification, Carboxylic acids, <->'•
ganic phosphates, Esters, Epoxy compounds, Listings-
PB-291 645/0 PC AOS/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Emission Control Technology Div. ,.
Characterization of Vehicle Use In Fine Air Quality
Control Regions,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John A. Eldon, and Donald B. Hunsaker. 30 Mar 78,
94pTSC-PD-A158
Contract EPA-68-03-2392
Under contract to the Emission Control Technology Di-
vision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Technical Service Corporation (TSC) has compi 8°
data, estimates and projections of vehicle population
606 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and use by vehicle age and type, for each of these
gfies: Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Houston, and
Phoenix. As motor vehicle emissions are sensitive to
temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure, mete-
orological data were also compiled.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Motor vehicles, Utilization,
"Qe, Transportation, * Air quality control regions.
fB-891 648/4 PC A14/MF A01
Viral Pesticides: Present Knowledge and Potential
effects on Public and Environmental Health (Sym-
posium Proceedings),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Maxb. Summers, and Clinton Y. Kawanishi. Sep 78,
£1 6p EPA/600/9-78/026
prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station. Dept. of Entomology.
Baculoviruses appear to be effective alternatives to
chemical pest control. To date deleterious effects on
Wrier components of the ecosystem have not been
Demonstrated. However, safety testing recommended
Jpr registration utilize protocols, developed for chemi-
J-™ pesticides. Safety testing should respond to im-
proving technology. The concensus of the symposium
Participants was that (1) safety testing protocols be
[nodified such that they are appropriate for biological
"gents, (2) the sensitive and refined tools of molecular
otology such as restriction fragment analysis, nucleic
acid hybridization techniques, radioimmunoassay, etc.,
o»er improved levels of specificity for virus identifica-
jwi and/or detection of virus replication, (3) the ques-
«on of persistence or expression of viral genome or
Parts of viral genome in non-target systems should be
oj primary concern, (4) EPA confirm the data most rel-
*yant to safety tests before a biologic agent is regis-
™rea, and (5) detailed studies on replication, patno-
panesis and genetics of these agents in their natural
Dpsts and cell culture systems should be carried out.
'nose general recommendations emphasize only cer-
™|i major topics urgently in need of research to pro-
*jw basic information necessary for more precise and
jonpnal assessment of possible health effects of blo-
'ogic agents used as pesticides.
: 'Public health, 'Pesticides, "Viruses,
.Meetings, Pest control, Ecology, Chemical tests, Bio-
logical agents, Tables(Data), Recommendations,
??™w, Procedures, Hazards, Evaluation, Implementa-
?°n, aerology, Identifying, 'Baculovirus, 'Environmen-
•,
report is a survey and summary of the literature on
' ~>ne and its oligomers. Major aspects of their bio-
effects, environmental exposure, chemistry,
' n and use, and regulations are reviewed and
I. Butadiene is a reactive gas used primarily In
Production of rubbers and resins; over 3 billion
reduced annually in the U.S. Among other
undergoes self-condensation to form
as 4-vinylcyclohexene, 1,5,9-cy-
J monitoring data indicate that low levels of butadl-
8t!r enter the environment during production, end-use,
.j^age and transport; it has been identified as a minor
o, "wituent of urban air and gasoline. The high degree
man. imical reactivity of butadiene precludes environ-
v«H Persistence. In humans, exposure to butadiene
* may result in lethargy and drowsiness, as well as
pn to the eyes and mucous membranes. There
"i no reports in the U.S. or Western Europe of
effects of butadiene arising from occupa-
" exposure. Poorly documented cases of gastroln-
(JSrjal tract, and circulatory and nervous system dis-
Wn* ave been reported in Russian synthetic rubber
""tars; butadiene has been implicated as a causltive
factor. Butadiene intoxication may cause narcosis in
laboratory mammals; few adverse effects have been
reported for chronic exposures. Few toxicity data are
available for the oligomers.
Keywords: 'Butadiene, 'Chemical industry, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Exposure, Industrial
hygiene, Monitoring, Chemical reactions, Sources,
Degradation, Chemical analysis, Toxicology, Regula-
tions, Standards, Monomers, Cyclohexene/vlnyl, Cy-
clododecatrienes, Cyclooctadienes, Biological effects,
'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution effect8(Humans),
Occupational safety and health.
PB-291 685/6 PC A12/MF A01
Chemical Reporting and Record-Keeping Authori-
ties Under 15 Environmental and Consumer Acts,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Steven L. Wilhelm. 15 Dec 78,266p* EPA/560/3-78/
001
This report is an indexed compendium of authorities to
gather and disseminate information which occur in the
listed acts. It contains a subject index to facilitate
searching these acts for specific types of autoritles. It
also contains an abridged text of the acts, edited for
clarity and brevity.
Keywords: 'Legislation, 'Data acquisition, 'Reporting,
Chemistry, Records management, Catalogs, Hazard-
ous materials, Requirements, Information retrieval, En-
vironments, Consumers.
PB-291 686/4 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Fate of Ingested Chrysolite Asbestos Fiber In the
Newborn Baboon. Final rapt. 8 Sep 77-15 Sep 78,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
William H. Hallenbeck, and Kusum Patel-Mandlik. Dec
78,27p EPA/600/1-78/069
The objective of this research was to determine If
orally administered chrysotile asbestos fibers could
penetrate through the gastrointestinal tract of the
neonate baboon and be recovered in selected tissues.
A neonate baboon was given a cumulative dose of 3 to
the 13th power chrysotile fibers per kilogram. At the
end of a 9-day feeding period test and control animals
were sacrificed. The following tissues were collected:
kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lymph nodes, urine, blood,
and gastrointestinal tract. Many methodological prob-
lems were encountered In preparing tissues for evalua-
tion by electron microscopy. After developing a satis-
factory preparation technique, tissue samples of
kidney cortex, kidney medulla, spleen, and liver were
analyzed. Definitive data are presented which demon-
strate the recovery of chrysotile asbestos from kidney
cortex tissue. Data concerning the kidney medulla,
spleen and liver tissues must be considered prelimi-
nary as more definitive work Is in progress concerning
these and other tissues.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Dosage,
Infants, Primates, Serpentine, Diets,
Ingestion(Biology), Exposure, Tables(Data), Fibers,
Electron microscopy, Tissues(Biology), Evaluation,
Gastrointestinal system, Kidney, Spleen, Liver, Pathol-
ogy, Potable water, Baboons, Drinking water, Papio
anubls, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-291 688/0 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Water Movement In Uranium Mill Tailings Profiles.
Final rept. Apr 76-Sep 78,
Science and Education Administration, Fort Collins,
CO. Agricultural Research.
A. Klute, and D. F. Heermann. Sep 78,98p ORP/LV-
78/8
The objective of this study was to characterize the be-
havior of water in profiles of uranium mill tailings. The
approach taken consisted of (1) measurement of the
water retention and transmission properties of select-
ed tailings materials, (2) numerical simulation of water
flow in selected profiles of tailings subjected to specific
boundary conditions, and (3) analysis and Interpreta-
tion of the simulation results within the framework of
unsaturated soil water flow theory. The sequence of
flow events In a tailings profile without vegetation and
with a water table at a given depth Is: (1) an Initial
drainage from saturation, with evaporation at the sur-
face, (2) infiltration of varying amounts of rain at irregu-
lar intervals, (3) and periods of evaporation and drain-
age from the profile, with redistribution within the pro-
file, between infiltration events. The water flow regime
in the upper 90 cm, particularly the upper 10-20 cm is
transient and dynamic. The lower part of the profile,
below about 70-90 cm, tends to behave in a quasi-
steady downward flow condition.
Keywords: 'Tailings, Uranium, Radioactive wastes,
Mine waters, Radium isotopes, Radon isotopes, Water
pollution, Ground water, Surface waters, Soil water,
Rainfall intensity, 'Radioactive effluents, 'Uranium
mills, 'Mill wastes, Path of pollutants, Radium 226,
Radon 222.
PB-291 734/2 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Sulfurlc Acid Aerosols on Vegetation,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Plant Pathology.
David S. Lang. Jan 79,98p EPA/600/3-79/002
Grant EPA-R-804291
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
A continuous flow system for exposing plants to sub-
micron aerosols of sulfuric acid has been developed
and an operational model has been constructed. Ex-
posure chambers have been designed to allow simul-
taneous exposures of the same plant to aerosol and
control environments. All surfaces within the exposure
system are composed of either Teflon or stainless
steel to minimize corrosion. Submicron acid aerosols
are mechanically generated and are distributed In size
representative of resident particulates found in the at-
mosphere. Plants have been found to be injured by ex-
posures to high concentrations of sulfuric acid aerosol
(100-200 mg/cum) for short times of 4-16 hours. Injury
to vegetation caused by sulfuric acid aerosol is similar
to that caused by gaseous fluoride and is character-
ized by marginal and tip necrosis of foliage. Different
plant species vary greatly in sensitivity to sulfuric acid
aerosol and Injury to sensitive species appears to be
conditioned by biological as well as physical factors.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Vegetation, Air pollution,
Aerosols, Damage, Exposure, Plant growth,
Tolerances(Physiofogy), Plant tissues, Plant reproduc-
tion, Controlled atmospheres, Experimental design,
•Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-291 742/5 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Environmental Carcinogens and Human Cancer:
Estimation of Exposure to Carcinogens In the Am-
bient Air. Final rept.,
Qeomet, inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Niren L. Nagda. Jan 79,155p GEOMET-HF-701, EPA/
600/1-79/002
Contract EPA-68-03-2504
In this study, a methodology for ambient exposure
analysis of carcinogens was developed based on a
pilot study of the Detroit Metropolitan area. The specif-
ic aim of the analysis was to identify high and low expo-
sure areas within the study area. Four known or sus-
pected carcinogens and groups of carcinogens: BaP,
trlchloroethylene, nickel and its compounds, and cad-
mium and its compounds were studied. The analysis of
ambient exposure to BaP consisted of the use of the
Air Quality Display Model (AQDM) to simulate levels of
BaP which might have existed during 1956 to 1960.
The analysis for BaP Involved a multistep procedure.
In order to examine the accuracy of AQDM predicted
BaP ambient concentrations, present conditions
(1975-1976) were simulated and compared against
known concentrations in the area. Next, BaP emis-
sions for the period 1956-1960 were estimated by ana-
lyzing past trends for significant sources. This emis-
sions data base, along with meteorological data for the
same period, was used as an input to ADQM to predict
historical exposure to BaP. The analysis for the other
three carcinogens was less detailed than that for BaP.
It was comprised of estimation of emissions and calcu-
lation of emission density for each of the three carcino-
gens. For nickel and cadmium, It also included a com-
parison of spatial variation in emissions with measured
air quality patterns in the Detroit area.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Malignant neoplasms, Ex-
posure, Humans, Estimating, Environments, Urban
areas, Tables(Data), Mathematical models, Method-
December 1983 607
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ology, Cadmium, Nickel, Simulation, Trends, Compari-
son, Risk, Cancer, *Detroit(Mlchlgan), 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health, Ethylene/
trlchloro, Benzopyrene, Emission factors, Health risks,
Heavy metals.
PB-291 746/6 PC AOB/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source A«MMm*nt: State-by-State Listing of Cri-
teria Pollutant Emission (1978 Update). Final rept.
Apr-Jul 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
E. C. Eimutis, R. P. Quill, and G. M. Rlnaldi. Jul 78,
158p' MRC-DA-797, EPA/600/2-78/004S
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-291147. Supersedes PB-270 549.
The report lists mass emissions of criteria pollutants
from stationary sources on a state-by-state basis. The
Hat was prepared using a computerized data base es-
tablished for emissions of air pollutants from approxi-
mately 800 i'»i>onary source types in the combustion,
organic materials, Inorganic materials, and open
source categories. (A source type Is defined as a group
of emission sources which have the same process and
emission characteristics). The state-by-state list Is in
two parts: a summary or state totals and percentages
for each criteria emission; and a report on each state,
Hating any source type which emits at least 1 % of the
state's total mass of emissions of any criteria pollutant.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, *States(Unlted States), As-
sessments, Sources, Combustion products, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Tables(Data),
'Stationary pollutant sources, 'Criteria pollutants.
PB-291 747/4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Noncrlterla Pollutant Emis-
sions (1978 Update). Final rept. Apr-Jul 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
E. C. Elmutls, R. P. Quill, and Q. M. Rlnaldi. Jul 78,
152p* MRC-DA-798, EPA/600/2-78/004T
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-291 146. Supersedes PB-270 550.
The report lists stationary sources that emit each of
389 noncrlteria pollutants. It also indicates quantities
of such emissions. The list was prepared using a com-
puterized data base established for emissions of air
pollutants from approximately 800 stationary source
types in the combustion, organic materials, inorganic
materials, and open source categories. (A source type
is defined as a group of emission sources which have
the same process and emission characteristics).
Keywords: *Air pollution, Assessments, Sources,
Combustion products, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Tables(Data), 'Stationary pollutant
sources, *Noncriteria pollutants.
PB-291 751/6 PC A09/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Analysis of the Benefits and Coata of Alternative
Cyanide Standards In Illinois. Final rept.,
NT Research Inst, Chicago. IL
Linda L. Huff, and James E. Huff. Nov 75.178p IIEQ-
76-24
The benefit-cost analysis presented In this report iden-
tifies the primary activities affected by changes In
water quality, namely, fishing. By estimating the recre-
ational fishing value of the existing stock of rivers im-
pacted by the cyanide dischargers, an approximation
of the recreational loss sustained by changing the cya-
nide standard can be made. Although this analysis cer-
tainly does not include all possible benefits, It is con-
sidered a close approximation. Treatment costs for the
discharger provide the balancing factor in determining
feasible effluent levels.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Cyanides, 'Benefit cost
analysis, 'Illinois, 'Standards, Fishing,
Concentration(Composition), Degradation, Streams,
Regulations, 'Water quality, Path of pollutants.
PB-291 754/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Detailed Case Studies of Summer Ozone Eventa
In Southern Louisiana. Technical rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Bryan Lambeth. Sep 78,152p EPA/906/9-76/002D
Contract EPA-68-02-1383
Three case studies of one to two days duration have
been chosen from a three-month data set (July 17 to
October 17, 1976) to provide a detailed investigation
of the relationship of weather events - especially trans-
port - to the distribution of ozone in southern Louisi-
ana. The results of these case studies Indicate that
heavy local emissions of ozone precursors In the
Baton Rouge area cause a pronounced increase in the
ozone levels at nearby sites downwind, and a lesser,
but noticeable Increase of ozone at sites up to about
45 miles downwind, with abundant sunshine. Similar
effects of precursor sources In the New Orleans area
could not be determined except for long distance
(about 30 miles) downwind because of unfavorable
prevailing winds. Ventilation appears to regulate the In-
tensity of the ozone Increase, with poor ventilation fa-
voring high ozone and good ventilation favoring lower
ozone. Also, large shower areas with heavy cloud
cover were observed to be associated with low ozone
levels. Finally, two sites near the coast showed a
slower than normal decline from high ozone levels
when the air with high ozone had arrived from offshore.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Ozone,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Cloud cover, Air water In-
teractions, Atmospheric circulation, Louisiana, 'South-
ern reglon(Louislana), Path of pollutants.
PB-291 765/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Development of Registration Criteria for Con-
trolled Release Pesticide Formulations. Final rept.,
Beroza (Morton) and Associates, Sliver Spring, MD.
Nathan F. Cardarelli, and Katherine E. Walker. Jan 78,
159p'EPA/540/9-77/016
Contract EPA-68-01 -1922
This report provides state-of-the-art Information on
controlled release (CR) pesticide formulations, their ef-
ficacy, and materials used in their manufacture. For-
mulation ingredients and their function are described.
Theories of release rate kinetics of various CR sys-
tems studied are discussed. 114 pesticides and other
agents used in CR applications,. 100 materials used in
binding matrixes and wall membranes, and 86 addi-
tives are listed with their manufacturers, toxicity, and
pertinent literature citations. Speculation on degrada-
tion products of polymers and additives is offered in
the absence of experimental data on environmental ef-
fects. Polymers are divided Into 15 categories, their
properties defined, and degradation rates estimated to
provide their environmental persistence. Modes of
degradation of these materials are discussed. 20
ASTM test procedures adapted to assessing environ-
mental impact plus other sources of methodology are
suggested. 17 procedures in the EPA proposed guide-
lines (Fed. Reg. 6/25/76) for registering pesticides
and other procedures are suggested for study regard-
ing development of appropriate tests for assessing de-
composition and aging properties of polymers and ad-
ditives. Criteria for EPA registration of controlled re-
lease products are recommended Including efficacy,
safety, and toxicologies! evaluation along with un-
known effects of chronic exposure to non-target orga-
nisms and systems.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Reaction kinetics, Manufactur-
ing, Additives, Degradation, Chemical industry, Poly-
mers, Environmental Impacts, Manufacturers, Fertiliz-
ers, Plant nutrition, Toxicity, Membranes, 'Controlled
release, Procedures, State of the art.
PB-291 764/9 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Overview Matrix for National
Criteria Pollutant Emissions (1978). Final rept. Apr-
Jul 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
E. C. Eimutis, R. P. Quill, and G. M. Rinaldi. Jul 78,77p
MRC-DA-796, EPA/600/2-78/004R
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
Supersedes PB-270100.
The report alphabetically lists stationary sources that
emit criteria pollutants. The overview matrix was pre-
pared using a computerized data base established for
emissions of air pollutants from approximately 800 sta-
tionary source types In the combustion, organic materi-
als, inorganic materials, and open source categories.
The matrix lists the total national emissions of criteria
pollutants emitted by source type. (A source type is de-
fined as a group of emission sources which have the
same process and emission characteristics).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Organic compounds.
Inorganic compounds, Federal government,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Compositlon), 'Station-
ary sources.
PB-291 786/2 PC A08/MF A01
A Handbook for the Assessment of Environmen-
tal Benefits and Pollution Control Coata. Final
rept.,
Illinois Inst. of Natural Resources, Chicago.
L. Babcock, K. Croke, A. Hunter, P. Loquerc»i, and H.
Roberts. Aug78,174p* IINR-78/29
This handbook represents the first attempt at outlining
and describing the assessment methods available to
writers of economic impact studies. Contents Include
the legal basis of an Ecls(Economlc impact state-
ment), how to design an Ecis, environmental quality
analysis (Including environmental benefit/damage as-
sessment and the Impact of pollution on residential
property values), pollution control: cost estimation, and
prices, output and employment.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, *Alr pollution abate-
ment, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Handbooks,'Eco-
nomic Impact, Cost analysis. Mathematical models, Illi-
nois, Predictions, Regulations, Taxes, Public health,
Property taxes.
PB-291 789/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Quality Assurance In Support of Energy Related
Monitoring Activities In the Western United
States. Annual rept. no. 1,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Mark Cher. Sep 78,47p AMC8303.135AR, EPA/600/
7-78/179
Contract EPA-68-02-2412
This report describes and summarizes the activities
during the first year of the program named above. The
activities described are part of a continuing 5-year pro-
gram. The purpose of the program is to establish a
quality assurance data base for ambient air monitoring
in specified geographical areas around present ana
proposed energy development projects, and to pro-
vide technical assistance to enable existing monitoring
networks to achieve a high level of data quality. An Ini-
tial on-site review of 18 laboratories and associated
field sites was completed. Regularly scheduled labora-
tory performance surveys are being carried out for the
analysis of sulfate, nitrate, SO2, NO2, and CO and for
weight measurement and high volume flow rate. Ap-
proximately 10% of the analysis performed by a speci-
fied laboratory for metals collected in high volume fil-
ters are being repeated in the Rockwell laboratory.
Quarterly fiekf audits are being conducted at specified
monitoring sites. Technical assistance has been pro-
vided to participating monitoring groups, as requested
by the Project Officer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, Monitor-
Ing, Sites, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Field tests.
Laboratory equipment, Concentration(Compositlon),
'Air pollution sampling.
PB-291 791/2 PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Macon County - Solid Waate Management System
Analysis. Final rept,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Roy F. Weston. Apr 74,60p IIEQ-74-9
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning.
Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes,
608 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
paper, Metals, Glass, Illinois, Reclamation, Employ-
ment, Population growth, Cost analysis, 'Macon
County(lliinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 823/3 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX.
* Study of Ozone Concentrations In Southern
Louisiana. Final rapt,
nadian Corp., Austin, TX.
Joe D. Stuart, Michael A. Haecker, Hugh J. Williamson,
gavid L. Harper, and Bryan W. Lambeth. Sep 78, 98p
nC-100-195, EPA/906/9-78/002A
^ntract EPA-68-02-1383
This report describes an air quality and meteorological
"tonitoring program conducted at nine sites in south-
ern Louisiana from July through October 1976. The ob-
lecttve of this monitoring program was to provide air
quality data applicable to non-urban portions of south-
ern Louisiana and to perform a limited analysis of the
°ata gathered. It was found that the frequency of ob-
servations exceeding the 80 ppb standard for ozone at
'he nine sites ranged from four to seventeen percent
°> available observation with ten percent of the total
number of observations exceeding a concentration of
°° ppb. Five percent of the total ozone observations
exceeded a concentration of 100 ppb. The diurnal oxi-
jjjjjt pattern at each of the sites is similar to patterns
typically found in urban areas. It was not possible to
ascertain the cause of the high ozone measurements,
PH< examination of upper air trajectories for periods of
™gn ozone concentrations shows that local urban
sources are important contributors. Overall the N02
and S02 levels at all of the monitoring sites was very
jo*. No concentrations of these pollutants in excess of
alr quality standard values were observed.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Ozone,
~°ncentration(Composition), Sites, Sampling, Atmos-
P"enc motion, Laboratory equipment, Transport prop-
?™es, Tables(Data), Graphs, Louisiana, 'Air quality,
*Jf pollution sampling.
841/5
PC A08/MF A01
Behavioral Toxicology: An Emerging Discipline,
[•eaith Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
SWence W. Reiter, and Harold Zenick. Dec 77, 1 68p
EpA/600/9-77/042
jRe book contains the proceedings of a symposium
entitled Behavioral Toxicology: An Emerging Disci-
PJ'ne, held in conjunction with the Southwest Psycho-
'°9teal Association meetings, April 30, 1976 in Albu-
querque, New Mexico. Authors of formal presentations
•w reviewed and enlarged their contributions. The
Participants were drawn from a number of different dis-
rJPimes including toxicology, pharmacology, psycholo-
gy. Physiology, and veterinary medicine. The intent of
'n_e book is to provide a state of the art overview of the
area of behavioral toxicology. It includes chapters dis-
r*™»ng some of the most fundamental aspects such
rfwurces of funding (Chapter 1), and basic method-
"'ogicai and experimental considerations (Chapters 2,
*;*>• In addition, there are chapters that address spe-
areas of investigation including the utilization of
niques to assess the interaction of the animal with
environment (Chapters 5, 6, 7), considerations in
toxicology (Chapter 8), and employment of
"lectrophysiological techniques (Chapters 9, 10).
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Toxicology, 'Behavior, *Nerv-
° system, Toxicity, Behavior disorders, Clinical psy-
y' Funds, Methodology, Laboratory animals,
o
K.TI inorganic compounds, Electrophysiology, *Be-
"avloral toxicology, Envir
"
,
. Motor activity.
Environmental health, 'Neurotoxl-
842/3 pc AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
gjWMIcal Analysis of Factors Influencing Ozone
r^centratlons In Southern Louisiana. Technical
2°»e,
H, l.1 Corp., Austin. TX.
?W J. Williamson, and Otto M. Friedrich. Sep 78,83p
EPA/906/9-78/002C
^ntract EPA-68-02-1383
Tjjls report describes a statistical analysis of ozone
poneentrations in southern Louisiana. The data which
"we been used were collected at nine monitoring
sites during a three-month period, July 17 - October
17, in 1976. The objective of the study was to investi-
gate the factors which accompany high levels of ozone
concentration and to explain the observed relation-
ships to as great an extent as possible. This was done
to gain a better understanding of the variables which
influence the amount of ozone. The relationships be-
tween ozone concentration and a number of meteoro-
logical and spatial variables have been explored. The
relationships between ozone concentration and the
concentrations of other pollutants are also discussed
briefly.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Statistical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Sites, Mathematical models, Atmospheric motion,
Tables(Data), Solar radiation, Louisiana, Numerical so-
lution, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-291 860/5 PC A08/MF A01
Visible Emissions Evaluation. Air Pollution Train-
Ing Course 439. Instructor Manual. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inst. for Air Pollution Training.
Sep 78,175p* EPA/450/3-78/105
Contract EPA-68-02-0048
See also Volume 9, dated Nov 75, PB-257 758.
This manual is to be used by instructors or teachers
who are conducting classes on how to evaluate
('read') visible emissions to the atmosphere from air
pollution sources. It includes everything the instructor
needs when used with the student's manual. Topics
covered include course and lesson objectives; lesson
plans; quizzes; instructions on operation of the
smoke' generator for black and white smoke; instruc-
tions on now to conduct the training course; and meth-
ods for evaluation of student performance. Sources of
other needed items (films; slides; Ringelmann charts,
etc.) are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Education, 'Handbooks, In-
structional materials. Instructors, Smoke, Sources, Ob-
jectives, *EPA method 9, Curricula.
PB-291 861/3 PC A11/MF A01
Visible Emissions Evaluation. Air Pollution Train-
Ing Course 439. Student Manual. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inst. for Air Pollution Training.
Sep 78,231 p' EPA/450/3-78/106
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
See also PB-291 860.
This manual is to be used by students who are learning
how to evaluate ('read') visible emissions to the at-
mosphere from air pollution sources. Both black, grey,
and white plumes are covered. The manual discusses
sources of air pollution and describes visible emissions
to be expected and the reasons why such may occur.
A brief review of meteorological phenomena affecting
stack plume behavior is given. Practices and proce-
dures to be used in evaluating visible emissions of
both the black/grey and other color nature are de-
scribed in detail. The Ringelmann chart and its use are
discussed. Equipment for generating visible emissions
to be observed in training observers Is described in
detail.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Education, 'Handbooks, In-
structional materials, Students, Sources, Atmospheric
motion, Laboratory equipment, Smoke, 'EPA method
9, Curricula.
PB-291 862/1 PC A09/MF A01
South Charleston Sanitation Board, WV.
The Codlsposal of Sewage Sludge and Refuse In
the PUROX System.
Union Carbide Corp.. Tonawanda, NY. Linda Div.
Dec 78,177p EPA/600/2-78/198
Grant EPA-S-803769-01-3
Sponsored in part by South Charleston Sanitation
Board, WV.
This program was conducted to establish the technical
feasibility of codisposal of filtered sludge cake from pri-
mary and secondary wastewater treatment with munic-
ipal refuse in the PUROX System; to determine the en-
vironmental effect of this process; and to estimate the
economics of sludge disposal in this fashion. At the
PUROX System demonstration plant in South Charles-
ton, West Virginia, operation at dry sludge-to-refuse
ratios up to 0.075 was obtained. System performance
was similar to that obtained with refuse only. Environ-
mental effects were within Federal guidelines for emis-
sions. Economics were found to be strongly influenced
by site-specific factors with sludge disposal costs vary-
ing from less than $20 per Mg to above $100 per Mg of
dry sludge.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sewage sludge,
'Refuse disposal, Water pollution control, Industrial
waste treatment, Design criteria, Process charting,
Performance evaluation, Equipment, West Virginia,
'Purox pyrolysis process, Charleston(West Virginia).
PB-291 873/8 PC A05/MF A01
Illinois Inst. for Environmental Quality, Chicago.
Greater Egypt Region Solid Waste Management
System Analysis. Final rept.
weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Jul74,82pllEQ-74-15
This study provides a basis for planning by examining
the economics of current solid waste management
practices and proposed regional management strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regional planning,
Sanitary landfills, Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes,
Paper, Metals, Glass, Reclamation, Employment, Pop-
ulation growth, Cost analysis, Illinois, 'Greater Egypt
Reglon(Tllinois), Solid waste management, Municipal
wastes.
PB-291 881/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
State-of-the-Art Study of Land Impoundment
Techniques. Final rept.,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ.
Wilford S. Stewart. Dec 78,88p EPA/600/2-78/196
Grant EPA-R-803585
This report presents the results of a literature search
and state-of-the-art survey of liner materials utilized in
impoundments sites for the containment of seven gen-
eral types of industrial wastes. The objectives of the
study were to assemble the available information con-
cerning the chemical and physical properties, cost,
and field performance data of various liner materials.
The data obtained from the literature search were sup-
plemented with information obtained from various liner
manufacturers, fabricators, suppliers, installers,
consultants, and trade association representatives. In
addition, the report contains an engineering analysis of
the chemical compatibility of the liner materials with
the industrial wastes of interest. From this analysis,
preliminary recommendations are made concerning
the suitability of the liner materials for containing the
specified industrial wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
•Sludge disposal, 'Waste disposal, 'Linings, Contain-
erizing, Containment, Ponds, Lagoons(Ponds), Plas-
tics, Elastomers, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Poryvinyl chloride, Polypropylene, Polyethylene,
Butyl rubber, Chloroprene resins, Soils, Additives, Cost
analysis. Performance evaluation, Chlorine organic
compounds, Soils, Permeability, Reviews, State of the
art, Polyjethylene/chloro), Ethylene propylene copo-
lymers, Polyethylene/chlorosulronated, Land disposal,
Hypalon.
PB-291 882/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
An Analysis of Scrap Futures Markets for Simulat-
ing Resource Recovery. Final rept.,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Robert C. Anderson, and Roger C. Dower. Dec 78,
91 p* EPA/600/8-78/019
Grant EPA-R-804309
Highly fluctuating prices for secondary materials are
seen as risks in planning decisions, thus causing un-
certainty and acting as a barrier to the use of second-
ary materials in production processes. Futures mar-
kets can provide a mechanism for transfer of price risk
and decrease the uncertainty over future prices; how-
ever, commodities must possess certain characteris-
tics to be successfully traded on futures markets. Was-
tepaper and ferrous scrap were analyzed for these
characteristics and the results suggest that futures
trading in these commodities is feasible.
December 1983 609
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Metal scrap,
'Waste papers, 'Waste recycling, 'Market research,
Iron alloys, Steels, Marketing, Risk, Economic analy-
sis, Prices, Supply(Economics), Demand(Economics),
Expectation, Profits, Constraints, 'Futures trading.
PB-291 883/7 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Municipal Water Pollution Control Abstracts: No-
vember 1977-October 1978. Final rept.,
Franklin Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, PA. Sci-
ence Information Services Organization.
Judith G. Kutcher, and Evelyn B. Schulz, Dec 78,
750p* EPA/600/9-78/036
GrantEPA-R-804922-01-2
See also report dated Dec 77, PB-276 995.
The Municipal Technology Bulletin informs research-
ers, consultants, engineers, and government officials
of current developments described in more than 4000
English and non-English language scientific and tech-
nical publications. Topics covered in the Bulletin and in
the abstracts submitted to WRSIC include: Analytical
techniques for water quality measurements; biological,
chemical, and physical methods of waste water treat-
ment, disposal, and recycling; construction and equip-
ment for pollution control; model studies; storm runoff;
tunneling technology and sewer systems; and treat-
ment plant operation and automation. This report is a
compilation of the 1320 abstracts arranged consecu-
tively by accession number within subject categories.
The report is completed by a journal list and subject
and author indices.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Urban areas,
'Abstracts, 'Bibliographies, Sewage treatment, Water
treatment, Chemical analysis, Equipment, Runoff,
Automatic control. Combined sewers, Industrial waste
treatment, Hydrology, Sewage disposal,
Indexes(Documentation).
PB-291 892/8 PC A03/MF A01
Estimated Average Annual Radon-222 Concentra-
tions Around the Former Uranium Mill Site In Shl-
prock, New Mexico. Final technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Joseph M. Hans, Jr., Thomas R. Horton, and Daphne
Prochaska. Aug 78,42p ORP/LV-78/7
Uranium mills, as a part of the nuclear fuel cycle, pro-
duce large volumes of wastes which contain both the
long and short-lived radionuclides from the naturally-
occurring uranium decay chain. A relatively short-lived
member of the chain, radon-222, is a noble gas and
can diffuse from the wastes and be transported from
its point of origin by prevailing winds. The airborne
radon-222 decays into other short-lived radioactive
progeny which may result in human inhalation expo-
sures at considerable distances from the point of
origin. Since the parent of radon-222 has a half-life of
1620 years, exposure to radon and its progeny will per-
sist for thousands of years. This study was made to es-
timate the annual average radon-222 concentrations
around the former Shiprock, New Mexico uranium mill
site in order to identify areas which may require limited
or restricted occupancy and to evaluate the effective-
ness of the site decontamination activities in reducing
the ambient airborne radon-222 concentrations. Using
on- and off-site meteorological data and radon source
term estimations, average annual radon-222 isocon-
centration lines were determined by computer model-
ing for the mill site area. The lines were determined for
both pre- and post-decontamination periods.
Keywords: Air pollution, Radioactive wastes, Radon
isotopes, Concentration(Composition), Uranium ores,
New Mexico, Mills, 'Radon 222, 'Uranium mills,
Shiprock(New Mexico), Path of pollutants.
PB-291 893/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Outlook for FY 1978
through FY 1982.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jan 78, 95p EPA-600/9-78/001
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-268 529.
This report is the third of a series of annual reports to
Congress presenting a five-year projection of environ-
mental research activities to be conducted by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. This year's report,
however, takes a different approach than the two pre-
vious in that it focuses on potential environmental
problems 10 to 15 years into, the future in order to
structure responsive solutions within the next 5 years.
Priorities for this years' Outlook were selected based
upon priorities in national goals as expressed by Con-
gressional actions and upon future trends in residuals
entering the environment as a result of future energy
resource and development patterns. Based upon
these trends and legislative actions, 12 priorities were
selected for emphasis in this Research Outlook: Toxic
Substances, Atmospheric Pollution, Upper Atmos-
pheric Phenomena, Solid Wastes, Industrial Pollution,
Nonionizing Radiation, Energy and the Environment,
Nonpoint [Discharges, Marine Pollution, Measurement
and Monitoring, Strategy Analysis, and Technical Infor-
mation Dissemination.
Keywords: 'Pollution,- 'Environmental impacts, 'Re-
search management, Poisons, Air pollution, Water pol-
lution, Hazardous materials, Radiation hazards, Solid
waste disposal, Public health, Air pollution abatement,
Water pollution abatement, Legislation, Government
policies, National government, Monitoring, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Measurement, Recommenda-
tions, Forecasting, Energy source development, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Federal agencies, Prior-
ities.
PB-291 900/9 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Identification of Organic Compounds In Industrial
Effluent Discharges,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Donal L. Perry, C. C. Chuang, Gregory A. Jungclaus,
and J. Scott Warner. Nov 78,246p EPA/560/6-78/
009
Contract EPA-68-01-4350
Samples of 63 effluent and 22 intake waters were col-
lected from a wide range of chemical manufacturers in
areas across the United States. The samples were
analyzed for organic compounds in an effort to identify
previously unknown and potentially hazardous organic
pollutants. Each water sample was preconcentrated
for analysis of organic compounds in four fractions:
volatile organics by helium-gas stripping and semivola-
tile organics by extraction with methylene chloride re-
sulting in separate neutral, acidic and basic fractions.
All sample analyses involved a GC/MS/COMP system
that used high-resolution glass capillary GC columns.
Organic constituents were identified using the comput-
erized Biemann mass spectral matching system to-
gether with some manual interpretation and quantified
using GC-FID peak area determinations. Over 570
compounds were tentatively identified of which 33 are
priority pollutants. Generally, industrial effluents con-
tained few priority pollutants. Most of the components
found in the effluents were specific for a particular in-
dustrial site and did not appear in reoccurring patterns.
The data suggest that many possible environmentally
important compounds would be overlooked if frequen-
cy of occurrence is the major criterion for determining
environmentally significant compounds. The authors
recommend that future studies concentrate on basic
compound analyses and that the biological activity of a
compound(s) be established first before exhaustive
screening programs are initiated for environmental pol-
lutants. Mass spectral data bases containing all the or-
ganic compounds produced by industry should be de-
veloped.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Chemical industry, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis. Industrial
wastes, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Water pollution, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-291 922/3 PC A03/MF A01
Supplementary Radiological Measurements at the
Maxey Flats Radioactive Waste Burial Site - 1976
to 1977. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Richard L. Blanchard, Daniel M. Montgomery, Harry E.
Kolde, and Gerald L. Gels. Sep 78,40p EPA/520/5-
78-011
Prepared in cooperation with Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission, Washington, DC.
Additional radiological measurements were performed
during 1976 and 1977 at the Maxey Flats radioactive
waste burial site. These supplement data collected
during 1974 and 1975 reported in EPA-520/5-76/020.
Evaporator effluents were investigated further to
better define quantities of radionuclides discharged to
the atmosphere and improve decontamination 'actors
assigned to the principal radionuclides observed in tne
evaporator feed: 3H, 14C, 60Co, 137Cs, 238Pu. and
239Pu. On-site measurements included soil sample
profiles taken to a maximum depth of 3.5 m from the
trench area and from within the main washes east ana
south of the site. These measurements provided addi-
tional information on the near-surface lateral move-
ment of radioactivity. Radiochemical analysis of a test-
well sample showed that all measurable radioactivity
was associated with the sediment in the well and the
highest specific radioactivity was associated with tne
smaller particles (<5 micrometers). Milk and vegeta-
bles were again sampled from a number of nearoy
farms. As previously reported, tritium was the only radi-
onuclide measured in these foods above ambient
levels, although concentrations were less than in simi-
lar samples collected during the earlier study.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Radioactive wastes,
Concentration{Composition). Tritium, Carbon 1*.
Cobalt 60, Cesium 137, Plutonium 248, Plutonium 249,
Surveys, Kentucky, 'Low level radiation, 'Maxey Ftets
Site, Radionuclide migration, Radioactive waste dis-
posal, Radioactive effluents, Morehead(Kentucky).
PB-291 924/9 PC A03/MF A01
Radiation Dose Estimates Due to Air Paniculate
Emissions from Selected Phosphate Industry Op-
erations. Technical note,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. E. Partridge, T. R. Horton, E. L. Sensintaffar, and G.
A. Boysen. Jun 78,39p ORP/EERF-78/1
The EPA Office of Radiation Programs has conducted
a series of studies to determine the radiological impact
of the phosphate mining and milling industry. This
report describes the efforts to estimate the radiation
doses due to airborne emissions of particulates from
selected phosphate milling operations in Florida. Two
'wet process' phosphoric acid plants and one ore
drying facility were selected for this study. The 1976
Annual Operations/Emissions Report, submitted by
each facility to the Florida Department of Environmen-
tal Regulation, and a field survey trip by EPA personnel
to each facility were used to develop data for dose cal-
culations. The field survey trip included sampling f°r
stack emissions and ambient air samples collected in
the general vicinity of each plant. Population and indi-
vidual radiation dose estimates are made based on
these sources of data. '
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Phosphate mining,
Phosphate deposits, Mining, Mills, Radium isotopes,
Uranium isotopes, Polonium 210, Thorium 228, Urani-
um 238, Thorium isotopes, Uranium 235, Surveys, Air
pollution, Florida, 'Radioactive aerosols, Radium 226,
Uranium 234, Thorium 227, Thorium 230, Thorium 232.
PB-291 925/6 PC A03/MF A01
The Effects of Home Ventilation Systems on
Indoor Radon-Radon Daughter Levels. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
S. T. Windham, E. D. Savage, and C. R. Philips. Oct 78,
26p EPA/520/5-77-011
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Radiation Programs is conducting a multifaceted study
of the radiological implications of the phosphate
mining and milling industry in the United States. The
study began in June 1974 and has concentrated
mainly on facilities located in Florida, North Carolina,
and Idaho. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
radiological impact of this industry on the environment
and develop appropriate radiation protection guide-
lines in areas where existing controls are determined
to be inadequate. A study was conducted in a house in
Polk County, Florida, to determine the effects of
normal home ventilation methods on radon, radon
progeny, and working levels. Three ventilation condi-
tions were studied which approximate those found
during normal occupancy. The effects of the central air
conditioner, the central blower without air conditioning
and outside air ventilation were studied, with radon,
radon progeny, and working level measurements
made sequentially until significant changes ceased to
be observed. In all three experiments, radon, radon
progeny, and working levels decreased, with the de-
creases corresponding to estimated increases in
house ventilation rate.
610 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Natural radioactivity, 'Radon isotopes,
ventilation, Air conditioning,
W)ncentration(Composition), Air circulation, Florida,
folk County(Florida).
PB-291 928/0 PC A06/MF A01
* Radiological Environs Study at a Fuel Fabrica-
tion Facility. Final rept,
eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
"• J. Lyon, R. L. Shearin, and J. A. Broadway. Oct 78,
118p EPA/520/5-77-004
Jhe Environmental Protection Agency and the Nuclear
"egulatory Commission conducted joint field studies
jo detect environmental contamination from fuel fabri-
cation plant effluents. The plant chosen for study was
HT.ated °y 'he General Electric Company, Nuclear
neld Division, at Wilmington, NC. The facility operates
continuously using the ammonium diuranate (ADU)
Process to convert 2.0 to 2.2% enriched UF6 to UO2
Jji « environmental uranium from plant effluents was
uistinguished from naturally occurring uranium by
"™n8 specific isotopic analyses and statistical inter-
pretations. Continuous air samplers at five sites meas-
ured the concentrations of 234U and 238U in air for 36
one-week intervals. River water was sampled at nine
locations above and below the plant discharge point
owing each of three field surveys.
Keywords: 'Effluents, 'Fuels, 'Uranium, 'Industrial
Plants, Dosage, Estimates, Contamination,
{£>ncentration(Composition), North Carolina, Radioac-
<™e Isotopes, Evaluation, Models, Humans,
pB-2»1 940/s pc A13/MF A01
«*W Meramec River Basin Wastewater Treat-
™»nt Facilities, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume II. Draft
jnvtronmental impact statement.
environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
P*?.?8' 285p EPA/907/9-78/004, EPA/7-MO-ST
£UUIS-ST LOUIS COUNTY-WWTP-78
gepared in cooperation with Metropolitan St. Louis
°ewer District, MO. See also Volume 1 . PB-289 948.
Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District (MSD) has
to tne u-s- Environmental Protection Agency
for funding under Section 201 of the Federal
water Pollution Control Act as amended (P.L. 92-500)
I?! construction of wastewater treatment facilities in
atw wer Meramec River Basin. EPA has prepared an
•"Wonmental impact statement (EIS) on the pro-
f^jed plan and its alternatives. The proposed plan is a
"gional treatment system consisting of a single treat-
Mi • plant "e81 the confluence of the Meramec and
JWjs'PPi Rivers with secondary-level discharge to
,"? Mississippi, and a deep-rock tunnel trunk line. Al-
"wnatives are: No action; and a sub-regional system
tn «, ne treatment plants and tertiary-level discharge
Ln. i Meramec. The study area includes both the St.
gyu's and Jefferson County portions of the Meramec
rwer Basin and its watershed areas from Ellisville,
""issouri to the Mississippi Hiver.
s: 'Sewage treatment, 'Construction, 'Envi-
gnmental impact statements-draft, 'Meramec River
hiu ' Noise Pollution, Tunneling(Excavation), Air pol-
*™on, Hydrocarbons, Solid waste disposal, Electric
Power plants, Forest land, Water quality, Assess-
S'nts, Habitats, Wildlife, Mississippi River,
e'™ns(Botany), Missouri, 'Sewage treatment plants,
*«"* Louis(Missouri), Jefferson County(Missouri).
955/3 pc A05/MF A01
p"*'ror»mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
j£rk, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
of Control Technology for Benzene
--••»*« • '^oni/uQi Houston, TX.
oil*- Dunavent, D. Gee, and W. M. Talbert. Apr 78,
»5p EPA/450/3-78/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2619
rortions of this document are not fully legible.
This report presents results of a study which selected
™>9 evaluated best available technology to control
^missions from benzene storage and transfer facilities.
'ecnnologies selected and evaluated include refrig-
eration-absorption, vacuum regenerated carbon ad-
sorption, and thermal oxidation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Benzene, 'Cargo
transport, 'Storage tanks, Technology, Adsorption, In-
cinerators, Carbon, Refrigeration, Absorption, Con-
densation, Capitalized costs, Economic analysis, 'Fu-
gitive emissions, Best technology.
PB-291 958/7 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Protection, Cleanup and Restoration of Salt
Marshes Endangered by OH Spills. A Procedural
Manual. Final rept. Dec 74-Dec 77,
URS Co., San Mateo, CA.
David J. Maiero, Robert W. Castle, and O. Leon Crain.
Nov 78,167p URS-7004-05-01, EPA/600/7-78/220
Contract EPA-68-03-2160
This manual addresses the response of the protection,
cleanup, and restoration phases of spilled oil endan-
gering or contaminating tidal marshlands. The manual
follows a step by step approach to response actions.
Common to both the cleanup and protective phases
are a gathering of general information, knowledge of
the characteristics of the spilled oil, identification of the
sensitivity and unique features of the endangered
marshland, and an investigation of any threat against
public and personnel safety. Decisionmaklng criteria
are provided for both the protection and cleanup. Spe-
cial attention is given to the cleanup phase which in-
volves foot and vehicular traffic in the marsh and which
may lead to serious adverse impacts. The user is pre-
sented with criteria for termination of activities for both
protection and cleanup activities. Final sections dis-
cuss requirements for debris disposal and restoration
of the damaged marsh. Recovery includes evaluation
of the need for restoration versus natural recovery,
and restoration techniques.
Keywords: 'Coastal topographic features, 'Swamps,
'Oil pollution. Coastal zone management, Skimmers,
Booms(Equipment), Environmental impacts, Decision
making, Water pollution, Guidelines, 'Salt marshes,
'Oil spills, 'Oil retention booms.
PB-291 962/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Pesticide Usage Survey of Agricultural, Govern-
mental, and Industrial Sectors In the United
States, 1974. Final rept.,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston. Dept. of
Preventive Medicine.
Julian E. Keil, Samuel T. Caldwell, and C. Boyd
Loadholt. 1 Jun 77, 75p EPA/540/9-78/007
Contract EPA-68-01 -1950
The survey utilized gathered data from the agricultural
area, utilities, federal, and state governmental agen-
cies, and estimates from leading pest control opera-
tors. The objectives of the survey were to provide a re-
liable pattern of use and an inventory of the pesticides
disbursed to the environment, to serve economic,
health, and ecologic purposes. Nine hundred and
three million pounds of all type pesticides were report-
ed in this survey of the United States for 1974, Almost
94% of this was in agriculture, with 3.5% in govern-
ment, and 2.5% in industry sectors. The greatest use
of pesticides occurred in the Southeastern and mid-
southern states. Low use areas were in the Northeast-
ern part of the United States.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Surveys, Utilization, Inven-
tories, Agriculture, National government, Industries,
States(United States), Classifications, Tables(Data).
PB-291 966/0 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Report to Congress on Control of Combined
Sswer Overflow In the United States. Final rept.,
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Ronald L. Wycoff, James E. Scholl, and Michael J.
Mara. 1 Oct 78,226p* EPA/430/9-78/006,, EPA/
MCD-50
Contract EPA-68-01-3993
This report presents by state the status of awarded
grants, requested grants, and the estimated time re-
quired to achieve required control of combined sewer
overflow pollution. It also compares discharges of pol-
lutants from treated municipal effluent with combined
sewer overflow and analyzes alternative control tech-
nologies. Finally, it presents legislative alternatives to
control pollution from combined sewer overflow.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Water
pollution control, 'Municipalities, Drainage, Runoff,
Rainfall, Law(Jurisprudence), StatesOJnited States),
Populations, Grants, Construction, Flushing, Water
storage, Settling, Flotation, Protectors, Filtration,
Sewage treatment, Disinfection, Cost effectiveness,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Comparison, Recom-
mendations, United States, Listings, Storm water
runoff, Urban hydrology, Organic loading.
PB-291 980/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Cost Analysis for a Decentralized Emissions In-
spection/Maintenance Program for Massachu-
setts, Executive Summary. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Nov 78, 37p 9075-006-004, EPA/901 /9-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
See also PB-291 981.
This report presents the results of an in-depth eco-
nomic analysis of the costs of implementing a decen-
tralized certified garage emissions I/M program in
Massachusetts. The analysis was performed on a life-
cycle costs basis and considered the effects of infla-
tion, growth In the vehicle fleet and labor rate escala-
tion on the costs of the program.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Massachusetts, Cost analysis, Mainte-
nance, Motor vehicle engines, Air pollution, 'Motor ve-
hicle inspection, 'Motor vehicle inspection stations,
Life cycle costs.
PB-291 981/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Cost Analysis for a Decentralized Emissions In-
spection/Maintenance Program for Massachu-
setts, Technical Report. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Nov 78,114p 9075-006-004-TR, EPA/901 /9-78/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
See also PB-291 980.
This report presents a costs analysis of a decentral-
ized vehicle emissions inspection and maintenance (I/
N) program for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
The analysis was performed on a life-cycle costs basis
and considered the effects of inflation, growth in the
vehicle fleet and labor rate escalation on the costs of
the program. Elements which are specifically ad-
dressed include necessary modifications to the current
inspection to accommodate I/M, incremental capital
and operating costs which would be incurred by the
state and private garages with the addition of I/M to
the current safety inspection, impacts of I/M on the ve-
hicle inspection fee, and changes required to upgrade
the current safety inspection to meet Federal VIU
standards, and the impact of these changes on the in-
spection fee.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Massachusetts, Cost analysis, Mainte-
nance, Motor vehicle engines, Air pollution, 'Motor ve-
hicle inspection, 'Motor vehicle inspection stations,
Life cycle costs.
PB-291 984/3 PC A04/MF A01
Economic Trends and Outlook of Pesticide Indus-
try: Need for 'Exclusive Use' Amendments to
FIFRA. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Robert E. Lee, and Arnold L. Aspelin. 15 Fob 78,65p
EPA/540/9-78/006
This report provides an economic evaluation of pesti-
cide industry trends, outlook and need for exclusive-
use-of-data privileges under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Periodically,
an exclusive-use amendment to FIFRA is proposed
based on the argument that, without such protection,
companies conducting pesticide research and devel-
opment do not have the opportunity to recover their
expenses and make acceptable profits on their new
December 1983 611
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
products. To evaluate this contention, data on pesti-
cide production, sales, profitability, industry entrances
and exits, and research and development expendi-
tures were analyzed. These data indicated that the
pesticide industry is economically dynamic and grow-
ing with growth predicted to continue for the forseea-
ble future. Value of sales has increased fourfold during
the past decade {from $0.6 billion in 1966 to $2.4 bil-
lion in 1976) and is forecast to continue rising. In com-
parison to other industries, pesticide production was
generally a high profit business. Expenditures on pesti-
cide research and development increased by $107.5
million (from $87.7 million in 1971 to $195.2 million in
1976) in a five-year period. In addition, pesticide firms
continue to expand their production capacity and the
pesticide industry still attracts firms to the industry.
Consequently, it was concluded that the industry does
not need special market protection from Congress via
exclusive-use-of-data privileges.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Industries, 'Economic analy-
sis, Sales, Profits, Trends, Expenses,
Law(Jurisprudence), Proposals, Market surveys,
Tables(Data), Pest control, Insecticides, 'Pesticide in-
dustry, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act.
PB-292 003/1 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Research and Development Program
Guide, Fiscal Year 1979. Rept. for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep
79.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jan 79,84p EPA/600/9-79/002
See also report for Fiscal Year 1978, PB-274.594. Pre-
pared by JRB Associates, McLean, VA.
The Program Guide provides the public with informa-
tion on the Office of Research and Development's cur-
rent extramural research program. It describes each of
the major budget units, the funds associated with
each, and the responsible laboratory (ies). In addition
there are several indices which allow the user to refer
to these units by media (air, water, etc.) function
(health effects, control technology, etc.), or by a given
laboratory's areas of responsibilities.
Keywords: 'Environmental protection, 'Research
management, National government, Air pollution,
Public health, Industrial waste treatment, Potable
water, Water quality, Water pollution, Food chain,
Energy, Pesticides, Radiation effects, Ecological suc-
cession, Waste management, Water supply, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Air pollution abatement, Air
pollution control, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
quality, Pollution control, Environment management,
Research and development.
PB-292 014/8 PC A12/MF A01
City of Spokane Combined Sewer Overflow
Abatement Project. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Jan 79,275p EPA/901 /9-78/053
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA., and Culp/Wesner/Culp,
Santa Ana, CA.
The objective of this project Is to provide a means of
abating the combined sewer overflows (CSO's) in the
City of Spokane. At present, the interceptor system in
the city is unable to transport all of the sewage and
stormwaters to the sewage treatment plant. The
system overflows the excess into the Spokane River at
over 30 points in the city. The issues in this project in-
volve the effects CSO's have on nutrient loading, bac-
terial contamination and aesthetic impairment of the
Spokane River. Construction related impacts are also
a concern in this project.
Keywords: 'Pipelines, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, 'Construction, Over-
flows, Combined sewers, Water storage, Reservoirs,
Water pollution, Public health, Esthetics, Storm
sewers, Ground water, Algae, Spokane River,
Washington(State), SpokanefWashington), 'Sewage
treatment plants.
PB-292 034/6 PC A03/MP A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Effects of Environmental Contaminants on Cell
Mediated Immunity. Final rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. School of Veterinary
Medicine.
Loren D. Koller. Dec 78, 37p EPA/600/1-78/071
Grant EPA-R-804200
The effect of lead and cadmium on cell-mediated im-
munity was studied in peritoneal macrophages, B-, and
T-lyrnphocytes of mice. Lead and cadmium were ad-
ministered in drinking water for 10 weeks in short-term
experiments and up to 18 months to deal with immune
responses in aged mice. Lead and cadmium both
tended to stimulate phagocytosis in peritoneal macro-
phages. Consequently, depressed humoral immune
response could not be explained on the basis of an
effect on the macrophage. The splenic B-lymphocyte
response was depressed by both lead and cadmium
treatment. The direct effect of these metals on B cells
could account at least in part, for the suppression of
the humoral immune response reported in previous
studies. In long-term studies in aged mice low doses of
lead (13 mg/l) tended to stimulate certain immune re-
sponses. Results obtained with higher doses (up to
1300 mg/l) were complicated by a natural immuno-
supprossion in aged mice. As a consequence, no sig-
nificant alterations were observed with high doses and
the impact of Pb on the immune system in the long
term cannot be predicted on the basis of this limited
experimentation.
Keywords: 'Immunity, 'Lead(Metal), 'Cadmium,
'Toxicology, Immunology, Recommendations, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Diets,
jngestion(Biology), Spleen, Lymphocytes, Age, Toxic-
ity, Contaminants, Cellular immunity, Immune re-
sponses, Drinking water, Phagocytosis, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-292 038/7 PC A09/MF A01
Standard Air Pollution Classification Network: A
Thesaurus of Terms (As used In the APTIC Data
Base). Second Edition. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Peter Halpin. Mar 78,185p* EPA/450/1-78/002
This thesaurus of terms contains all of the standard-
ized terminology and rules for its use as applicable to
the Air Pollution Technical Information Center (APTIC)
bibliographic file on the subject of air pollution. The
thesaurus is of use to those who wish to search the
APTIC bibliographic file for any particular document or
for documents on any stated subject in the air pollution
field. The thesaurus would also be useful to anyone
wishing to compile a glossary or thesaurus on the sub-
ject of air pollution, either as an entity or as part of a
broader work on the environment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Thesauri, Subject index
terms, Terminology, Pollution, Nomenclature.
PB-892 067/6 PC A02/MF A01
A Comparison of Measurement Techniques to De-
termine Electric Fields and Magnetic Flux Under
EHV Overhead Power Transmission Lines,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetic Radiation Analysis Branch.
Donald L. Lambdin. Mar 78,22p ORP/EAD-78/1
Comparison is made between techniques used by the
U.S. and reportedly used by the U.S.S.R. to measure
electric field strengths under a 500 kV overhead power
transmission line. Magnetic flux measurements were
also made. Two instruments and three geometries
were used in the electric field strength portion of the
study. Maximum differences were noted when the
measuring instrument was positioned close to the ob-
server and at 1.8 meters above the ground as com-
pared to one to two meters from the observer.
Keywords: 'Field strength, 'Power transmission lines,
•Measurement, Electric fields, Flux(Rate), United
States, USSR, Comparison, EHV DC systems, Over-
head power transmission, Magnetic flux.
PB-292 093/2 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analytical Procedures for Characterizing Unregu-
lated Pollutant Emissions from Motor Vehicles. In-
terim rept. Mar 77-Oct 78,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Hary E. Dietzmann, Lawrence R. Smith, Mary Ann
Parness, and E. Robert Fanick. Feb 79,497p EPA/
600/2-79/017
Contract EPA-68-02-2497
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Analytical procedures are described that may be used
to assess motor vehicle emission rates of several un-
regulated pollutants including aldehydes, organ»c
amines, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, several individual
hydrocarbons including benzene, hydrogen sulfiae,
total cyanide, organic sulfides, nickel carbonyl, ammo-
nia, sulfate, and N-nitrosodimethylamine (sampling
conditions only). A series of validation experiments in-
volving motor vehicle exhaust with injects of known
quantities of the compounds of interest and the con-
stant Volume Sampling system commonly used in
emissions certification are described for several onne
analytical procedures. The Clean Air Act as amended
August 1977 requires in section 202(a) 4 that unregu-
lated pollutants emitted from motor vehicles be meas-
ured to assure that no unreasonable risk to public
health and welfare exists.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Chemical analysis, Motor vehicles, Aldehydes,
Amines, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Hydrocar-
bons, Hydrogen sulfide, Cyanides, Organic sulfide,
Ammonia, *Air pollution detection, Procedures.
PB-292 095/7 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on New Concepts for
Fine Particle Control. Rept. for Jan 77-Jul 78,
Notre Dame Univ., IN.
Teoman Ariman. Aug 78,464p EPA/600/7-78/170
Grants EPA-R-805148, NSF-ENG77-02016
The report documents presentations made during a
symposium on novel concepts, methods, and ad-
vanced technology in particulate/gas separation/The
symposium, held at the University of Notre Dame ana
sponsored by the National Science Foundation ana
the Environmental Protection Agency, was held ootrt
to identify new research areas and to stimulate future
research activities. The presentations included two
general lectures by internationally known scientists
(Dr. M. Benarie of France and Professor F. Loffler o'
West Germany) and 17 invited lectures by other promi-
nent experts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fines, 'Meetings,
Particles, Acoustics, Agglomeration, Separation, Mag-
netic fields, Electrostatic charge, Filtration, Fluidized
bed processing, Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, High temperature tests,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Scrubbers,
Dust collectors, Asbestos, High gradient magnetic
fields, Fabric filters, State of the art, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB-292 099/9 PC A09/MF A01
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series. Bib-
liography on Disposal of Refuse from Coal Mine*
and Coal Cleaning Plants,
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroevitle, PA. In-
dustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
V. E. Gleason, and Ronald D. Hill. May 78,189p EPA/
600/7-79/076
Grant EPA-R-805336
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-265 041.
The subjects covered in this bibliography include the
analysis and characterization of coal refuse; various
methods of handling, storing, and disposing of coal
refuse; the environmental problems such as refuse
drainage quality and combustion of refuse piles; the
control of environmental problems; and the uses for
refuse which have been investigated. The coal clean-
ing process itself is very closely related to the general
subject area covered in this bibliography. However, the
large number of publications available on coal cleaning
have not been included unless they contained informa-
tion that contributed significantly to the knowledge and
understanding of coal refuse and its related disposal
problems. In addition to the abstracts, this volume in-
cludes an Author Index and a General Index, de-
scribed in the section The Bibliography, Its Format
and Use' beginning on page 103, and an update for
each of the environmental bibliographies described
above. Appendix I, 'Coal and the Environment Abstract
612 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Series: Bibliography on Mined-Land Reclamation' lists
on page 141 publications acquired by BCR since 1975.
Appendix II 'Coal and the Environment Abstract
aeries: Mine Drainage Bibliography,' lists on page 169
publications acquired since 1 976.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, * Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Underground mining, Surface mining, Goal prep-
aration, Environmental impacts, Water analysis, Water
Pollution control, Sampling, Abstracts, "Mine acid
drainage, Mine wastes, Coalmine spoil.
PB-292 108/8 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
u1?Park'NC-
JJURlwavelength Transmissometer for Measuring
MM* Concentration of Partlculate Emissions.
nnal rept. Jul 75-May 78,
rord Aerospace and Communications Corp., Newport
gfach, CA. Aeronutronic Div.
til Reisroan. Feb 79, 64p EPA/ 600/2-79/022
^ntract EPA-68-02-2206
p multiwayelength transmissometer potentially capa-
°je of making near-real-time measurements of particu-
we mass concentration in industrial stacks was devel-
oped. A computer program is employed to interpret the
vansmissometer data and translate the results into
Jfiss concentration. The transmissometer uses four
wterent wavelengths and records the opacity of the
Paniculate emissions at each wavelength. Since the
response at each wavelength depends on the size of
me particles, the relative values of opacity provide the
computer with information on particle sizes. If the com-
puter is also given the wavelength dependence of the
optical indices of refraction and guidelines as to the
"jost probable distribution forms, the computer can
™lust the mean and spread of the distribution to find a
[jest fit to the experimental data. It then uses this infor-
mation to compute the mass concentration. The
behind the measurement technique, a labora-
demonstration of the technique, and the optical
and electrical design of the instrument are discussed.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Particles, *Weight(Mass).
' ransmissometers, Design criteria, Flue gases, Chim-
Ws, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Per-
rarmance evaluation, Gas detectors, Computer aided
analysis.
113/8 PC A05/MF A01
jnaustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
S?"rc» EmlMlon Testa at the Baltimore Demon-
!S«lon Pyrolysls Facility. Final rept.,
«W Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, VA.
PD.n,L Haslbeck, and Billy C. McCoy. Dec 78, 87p
EPA/eOO/7-78/232
Contract EPA-68-01 -2988
TRW was retained by EPA/IERL Cincinnati in May of
' »'B to conduct source emission tests at a solid waste
roatment plant in Baltimore, Maryland. The plant is de-
JSPfd to recover low-grade fossil fuel from non-toxic
•oiia waste by the use of a process known as pyroly-
"?; ™h«n plant construction was completed In Janu-
Jf • ,'975, It was determined that the pollutant control
MM pmant did not meet paniculate emission stand-
31 i • Tnls necessitated a comprehensive test program
"owgned to quantify the extent of the pollution and
waiuate the environmental impact of this plant. The
»8i program was designed to measure the following
nhort ' but "^ more than 20; and trace metals. Atmos-
BnT: ""fusion models were employed to assess the
.""Wonmental impact of both the existing plant con-
"Suration and the proposed pollution control system.
',"- Proposed system consists of an electro-static pre-
,»"» tor exhausting to a 220 ft stack. Results of this
Tjwysia indicate that the proposed pollution control
!jy°iem represents a considerable improvement over
""existing system, particularly in the sense that it
""Wild completely eliminate the downwash problem.
-.— 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
!. Hue gases, Combustion products, Sources, Sulfur
OVIH • Pyrolysis, Electrostatic precipitators, Sulfur tri-
flnSSl Nitr°9«n oxides, Hydrogen chloride, Hydrogen
"fonde, Hydrocarbons. Metals, Trace elements, Sam-
?llnQ. Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
•-• — Refuse derived
PB-292 116/1 PC A05/MF A01
Needs Survey (1978): Cost Estimates for Con-
struction of Publicly-Owned Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
10 Feb 79, 86p* EPA/430/9-79/001, FRD-1
See also report dated 10 Feb 77, PB-266 719.
The 1978 Survey had four goals aimed at improvement
of the needs estimation process: Secure estimates
which are comparable nationwide; Improve the overall
quality of the estimates; Develop a detailed informa-
tion base to assist in program planning and manage-
ment; Produce a national inventory of wastewater
treatment facilities and combined sewer areas.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, 'Public utilities, 'Con-
struction costs, 'Water pollution control, Cost esti-
mates, Surveys, StatesjUnited States), Combined
sewers, Storm sewers, Planning, Tables(Data), Clean
Water Act of 1977, Sewage treatment plants, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB-292 153/4 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Operation and Maintenance of Partlculate Control
Devices In Kraft Pulp Mill and Crushed Stone In-
dustries. Final rept. Jun 77-Jul 78,
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati,
OH.
M. F. Szabo, and R. W. Gerstle. Oct78,338p EPA/
600/2-78/210
Contract EPA-68-02-2105
Control of fine participate emissions from selected
kraft pulp mill and stone crushing facilities is ad-
dressed. The principal devices considered are electro-
static precipitators, wet scrubbers, and fabric filters.
Guidelines are provided for industrial personnel re-
sponsible for selection of an appropriate control
device. Information on the operation and expected
performance of conventional air pollution control de-
vices is based on current design practice, theoretical
design models, reported performance, cost predic-
tions, and published information.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Paper industry, 'Crushed stone, Pulp mills, Industrial
wastes, Maintenance, Particles, Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Scrubbers, Sulfate pulps, Kraft paper, Air filters,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis,
Mathematical models, Substitutes, Wet methods,
Fabric filters.
PB-292 160/9 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Assessment ot an Empirical Technique for Esti-
mating Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag from Vehicle
Shape Parameters. Final rept.,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA.
W. M. Smalley, and W. 8. Lee. Jul 78,109p ATR-
78(7623-03)-1, EPA/460/3-78/010
Contract EPA-68-03-2482
This report presents the results of a determination of
aerodynamic drag coefficient, CD, based on an empiri-
cal prediction technique developed by The Aerospace
Corporation in a previous EPA-sponsored study. This
method utilizes an aircraft type drag build-up approach
wherein the total drag is calculated as. the sum of CD
contributions from components of the vehicle. Compo-
nent contributions are determined from various body/
chassis shape parameters. The present study was di-
rected toward the acquisition and application of vehi-
cle measurements data as required to evaluate aero-
dynamic road load by this prediction method for com-
parison with measured values. Twenty 1977/1978
model year passenger cars were examined for which
aerodynamic drag coefficients were derived. Compari-
son of these results with wind tunnel test data on
twelve of the vehicles showed good agreement on an
average basis; the maximum disparity in an individual
result was 18 percent.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Aerodynamic drag, Aero-
dynamic loads, Wind tunnel models, Pressure drag,
Chrysler vehicles, General Motors vehicles, Ford vehi-
cles, Volkswagen vehicles, Porsche vehicles.
PB-292 170-SET PC E16
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec 78,1668p-in7v
Set includes PB-292171 thru PB-272 177.
No abstract available.
PB-292 171/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume I. Executive Summary. Final rept.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec78,39p
Contract EPA-68-01-4801
See also Volume 2, PB-292172.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-292 170-
SET.
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's final report to the Congress on its In-
dustrial Cost Recovery Study as directed by the Con-
gress in Section 75 of Public Law 95-217, the Clean
Water Act of 1977. This provision of the statute re-
quires EPA to study the 'efficiency of, and need for' the
repayment by industry of that portion of the EPA grant
used for construction of industrial capacity in publicly-
owned wastewater treatment systems, and required
EPA to report the results of the study to the Congress
by December 31,1978.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Grants, Financ-
ing, Financial incentives, Economic impact,
Rates(Costs), Sewage treatment plants, Clean water
Act of 1977, 'Payback period, Water pollution control.
PB-292 172/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume II. Detailed Methodology, Findings, Alter-
natives, and Recommendations. Final rept.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec 78,156p
Contract EPA-68-01-4801
See also Volume 1, PB-292171 and Volume 3, PB-292
173.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-292 170-
SET.
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's final report to the Congress on its In-
dustrial Cost Recovery Study as directed by the Con-
gress In Section 75 of Public Law 95-217, the Clean
Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Grants, Financ-
ing, Economic analysis, Cost analysis. Cost estimates,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Methodology, Rec-
ommendations, Substitutes, 'Sewage treatment
plants, Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Payback period,
Water pollution control.
PB-292 173/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress • Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume III. Exhibits. Final rept.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec 78,217p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4801
See also Volume 2, PB-292172 and Volume 4, PB-292
174. Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 7 report PC E16, PB-292 170-
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's final report to the Congress on its In-
dustrial Cost Recovery Study as directed by the Con-
gress in Section 75 of Public Law 95-217, the Clean
Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Economics,
Economic analysis, Grants, Financing, Documents,
•Sewage treatment plants, 'Payback period, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
December 1983 613
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-292 174/0 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume IV. Transcripts of Public Meetings (ICR
Advisory Group). Final rapt.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec 78, 319p
Contract EPA-68-01-4801
See also Volume 3, PB-292173 and Volume 5, PB-292
175.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-292 170-
SET.
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's final report to the Congress on its In-
dustrial Cost Recovery Study as directed by the Con-
gress in Section 75 of Public Law 95-217. the Clean
Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, "Sewage treat-
ment, 'Meetings, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Eco-
nomic analysis, Economics, Grants, Financing,
•Sewage treatment plants, 'Payback period, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
PB-292 175/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume V. Transcripts of Public Meetings (Re-
gional Public Meetings). Final rept.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec78,206p
Contract EPA-68-01 4801
See also Volume 4, PB-292 174 and Volume 6, PB-292
176.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC £16, PB-292 170-
This report contains discussions pertaining 'o the re-
payment by industry of that portion of an EPA grant
used for construction of industrial capacity in publicly-
owned wastewater treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Meetings, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Eco-
nomics, Economic analysis, Grants, Financing,
'Sewage treatment plants, 'Payback period, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
PB-292 176/5 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume VI. Transcripts of Public Meetings (Re-
gional Public Meetings). Final rept.
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec78,346p
See also Volume 5, PB-292175 and Volume 7, PB-292
177.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-292 170-
Thls document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Meetings, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Eco-
nomics, Economic analysis, Grants, Financing,
'Sewage treatment plants, 'Payback period, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
PB-292 177/3 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Volume VII. Transcripts of Public Meetings (Re-
gional and Town Public Meetings). Final rep".
Coopers and Lybrand, Washington, DC.
Dec78,3B5p
Contract EPA-68-01-4801
See also Volume 6, PB-292176.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E16, PB-292 170-
SET.
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's final report to the Congress on Its In-
dustrial Cost Recovery Study as directed by the Con-
gress in Section 75 of Public Law 95-217, the Clean
Water Act of 1977.
614 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Meetings, Industrial plants, Public utilities, Eco-
nomics, Economic analysis, Grants, Financing,
'Sewage treatment plants, 'Payback period, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
PB-292 242/5 PC A07/MF A01
Cost and Economic Impact Assessment for Alter-
native Levels of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for Ozone. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park.NC. H a
Kenneth H. Lloyd. Feb 79,143p EPA/450/5-79/002
This report presents the results of an analysis of the
potential impact of feasible changes in the national
ambient air quality standard for ozone on national
costs of control and the attainment status for various
areas of the country. An assessment Is made for 90
AQCRs of the control requirements for alternative
levels of the standard. For each AQCR this analysis
estimates the potential emissions in 1987 and the al-
lowable emissions for attainment of the standard
levels. Next, the analysis estimates the potential emis-
sion reduction achievable with the Federal Mobile Ve-
hicle Control Program (FMVCP), new and modified
source control, application of reasonably available
control technology (RACT) on existing stationary
sources and further motor vehicle controls through in-
spection/maintenance programs and transportation
control plans. Based on the projected emission reduc-
tions, control costs are estimated for applying technol-
ogy In an attempt to attain alternative standard levels.
While the analysis considers each AQCR separately,
the results are presented in aggregate form for all 90
AQCRs instead of each individual AQCR. The analysis
does not include a rigorous economic impact assess-
ment on the numerous affected industries or the
impact of growth restrictions on the economies of af-
fected urbanized areas. A summary of the impact on
several industries for which EPA has conducted eco-
nomic impact studies is presented.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Ozone, 'Cost analy-
sis, 'Assessments, Substitutes, Feasibility, Standards,
Forecasting, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons, Fed-
eral government, Sources, Technology, Combustion
products, Concentration(Composition), Inspection,
Maintenance, Transportation management, Industrial
wastes, 'National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Air
quality control regions, Stationary sources.
PB-292 249/0 PC A06/MF A01
Workbook for Comparison of Air Quality Models.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 78, 1 13p* EPA/450/2-78/028A
The workbook describes a technique for the qualitative
comparison of modeling approaches on technical
grounds. The methodology is based upon an applica-
tions approach. The results of the model comparison
depend upon the application for which the model is to
be used as well as upon the model characteristics. In
each application of the technique, the model of inter-
est is compared with a reference model. Any model
may be specified as the reference model, as long as it
is compatible with the application of interest.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric diffusion, Comparison, Sources, Transport
properties, Plumes, Methodology,
Concentration(Compositlon), 'Air quality.
PB-292 252/4
PC A19/MF A01
National Emissions Report (1974): National Emis-
sions Data System of the Aerometrlc and Emis-
sions Reporting System. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Jul 76, 439p EPA/450/2-78/026
See also report dated May 76, PB-257 505.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: partlculates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Source
emissions data are reported to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under provisions of Section 1 1 0 of
the Clean Air Act, as amended 1 977, and EPA Regula-
tions, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 51.7.
Summary data are presented for the nation as a whole,
for Individual states, and for Air Quality Control Re-
gions and individual interstate portions, thereof. The
data compilations result from the operations of the Na-
tional Emissions Data System (NEDS), which functions
as a component of the comprehensive EPA air mior-
mation system-the Aerometric and Emissions Repon-
ing System (AEROS). AEROS is managed by the Na-
tional Air Data Branch, Monitoring and Data Analysis
Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, at Researcn
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Estimates, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, United States, States(Unitea
States), Tables(Data), Concentration(Composi«on>,
•Air quality data, National Emissions Data System,
Aerometric and Emissions Reporting System, Clean
Air Act, Air quality control regions.
PB-292 260/7 PC A10/MF A01
Directory of Short Term Tests for Health and Eco-
logical Effects. ._
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Jul 78,209p EPA/600/1-78/052
The directory provides basic information on the short
term tests for health and ecological effects being per-
formed by various U.S. EPA Laboratories through trie
Office of Health and Ecological Effects. The test sys-
tems are cross-indexed.
Keywords: 'Environmental tests, 'Toxicology, 'Direc-
tories, Tests, Indexes(Documentation), Biological laD-
oratories, Bioassay, Ecology, Risk, National govern-
ment. Environmental health, Health screening, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB-292 261/5 PC A09/MF A01
Nearshore Fish and Macrolnvertebrate Assem-
blages Along the Strait of Juan de Fuca Including
Food Habits of the Common Nearshore Flan.
Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
Jeffrey N. Cross, Kurt L. Fresh, Bruce S. Miller, Charles
A. Simenstad, and S. Nancy Steinfort. Dec 78,197p
NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-32, NOAA-78012503 .
See also report dated Dec 77, PB-279 406. Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Prepared by Wash-
ington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Research Inst.
A baseline study was initiated in May 1976 to docu-
ment the distribution, abundance and biomass of near-
shore fishes along the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to deter-
mine their food habits, and to identify the macroinver-
tebrates collected incidentally with the fish. A total ot
93 species of fish was collected from May 1976 to
June 1978. Trends in occurrence, abundance, and bio-
mass for individual species were fairly consistent be-
tween 1976-77 and 1977-78. Species richness gener-
ally increased from west to east in beach seine and
townet collections; the opposite trend was observed in
tidepool collections. Species richness was highest in
summer and fall collections and lowest in winter col-
lections.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Marine fishes, 'Inverte-
brates, 'Continental shelves, 'Juan de Fuca Strait,
Distribution(Property), Abundance, Biomass, Feeding
habits, Seasonal variations, Water quality. Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Ocean temperature, Bioassay, Sam-
pling, Classifications, Tables(Data), MESA project,
'Outer continental shelves, Baseline studies, Pred-
ators, Habitats.
PB-292 267/2 PC A03/MF AOl
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Exposure to Pan and Ozone on Suscep-
tibility to Chronic Bacterial Infection,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
Gail B. Thomas, James D. Fenters, and Richard
Ehrlich. Jan 79,44p EPA/600/1-79/001
Contract EPA-68-02-1273
The effects of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone
(O3) on susceptibility of mice and guinea pigs to chron-
ic and acute respiratory infections were studied. The
agent used for the acute infectious disease was Strep-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tococcus sp. whereas Mycobacterium tuberculosis
**ved as the agent for chronic respiratory infection. A
wojmicant increase in mortality due to streptococcal
K^Tionia was seen upon a single 3-hr exposure to
r«N m concentrations ranging from 14.8 to 28.4 mg/
GUIm3. Multiple daily exposures to 4.9 or 7.4 mg/cu m
J PAN 3 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 3 weeks had no
wect on mortality, survival rates, or ability to clear in-
naiad Streptococcus sp. from the lungs. Daily 3-hr ex-
Wsures to 25.0 mg/cu m 3 PAN did not produce any
[narked changes in the chronic infection as measured
«MK tuberculosis tilers in the lungs. The diameter of
'"Vtnemas, expressing the cutaneous delayed hyper-
jwnsitrvlty reaction were persistently smaller in guinea
Pfls exposed to PAN than those exposed to air. Multi-
P e exposures to 19.8 mg/cu m 3 PAN resulted in initial
wwation of antibody titers, but depression of liters
aunng the later (12 to 15 week) observation period. A
wngie exposure to the same concentration of PAN re-
puted in a significant increase in total number of cells
[?yaped from their lungs but somewhat decreased
revels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Exposure to
'* mg/cu m 3 PAN 3 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2
weeks resulted in reduced total cell counts and a sig-
™ncant reduction of ATP levels in alveolar macro-
J5?ywprds: *Ozone, 'Respiratory infections, 'Toxicol-
°9y. Pathology, Histology, Experimental data. Mice,
guinea DIGS. Laboratory animals, Bacteria,
----- „,, ,,,CT,ology), Infectious diseases, In vivo
"naiysis, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
•
,
•wonaiity, Survival, Microorganisms, Lung, Respiratory
snh« ' Histopathology, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, *Toxic
•"ostances, Streptococcus pyogenes, Immune re-
sponses, Environmental health.
|*B-Z92 268/0 PC A07/MF A01
Jwa tn EffectsTtesearch Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
"•aith Effects of Human Exposure to Barium In
mnnWng Water. Final rept. 12 Aug 75-31 Oct 78,
»«rioi8 Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago.
SfV R. Brenniman, W. H. Kojola. P. S. Levy, B. W.
79/00W' 8nd T' Namekata- Jan 79- 1 43D EPA/600/ 1 -
QrantEPA-R-803918
I!)?. overall objective of this study was to examine by
JfH'oemiologic and supportive laboratory studies, the
n«man health effects associated with ingestion of
"»nurn in drinking water exceeding the U.S. drinking
Jr.?™ standard of 1.0 mg/l. The incidence of cardio-
"scuiar mortality and/or the prevalence of various
jwaiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal diseases
I? "Compared between communities with barium con-
ann atlons exceeding the drinking water standard,
dr£,.comrnunities which have negligible barium in their
"nrtklng water. Mortality rates for cardiovascular dis-
187is,were retrospectively determined for the years
ew" • • A comparison between communities with
Sri^ed barium levels (greater than 2 mg/l) and com-
unities with low or no barium (less than 0.2 mg/l) in
. *> -
- m two communities having similar socioeco-
jojric characteristics and different concentrations of
|jjj"urj) in their drinking water (mean barium concentra-
J to 0.1 mg/l in the control) was determined
9h an epidemiology study. Results of the study
""d significant differences in blood pressure be-
.__"• -he two communities and especially in the male
K^PUwlon exposed to barium when the data were re-
blSvi CO"8"* for the influence of water softening,
of expor68SUre me(:iication' hypertension and duration
- 'Potable water, 'Barium, 'Toxicology,
atal_, * water, Humans, Exposure, IngestionfBiology),
§frrtid8' Concentration(Composition), Mortality,
goraiovascular diseases, Communities, Comparison,
j-waerniology, Public health, Blood pressure, Cerebro-
•nruJar disorders, Urologic diseases, Morbidity,
pr"Pking water, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
aii,«"S^enta! health, Maximum permissible expo-
**»• Toxic substances.
oSS9;! 271/4 PC A03/MF A01
'ty SUn"* f°r th" lnterPf »tatlon 0> Ozone Air Qual-
p2JroJmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
WK' NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Thomas C. Curran. Jan 79,41 p* EPA/450/4-79/003,
OAQPS-1.2-108
This document discusses the interpretation of the Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for
ozone that were promulgated by the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in 1979. These standards differ
from previous NAAQS in that attainment decisions are
based upon the expected number of days per year
above the level of the standard. The data analysis im-
plications of this statistical formulation of an air quality
standard are presented for both compliance assess-
ment and design value estimation purposes. Example
calculations are included.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Guidelines, 'Standards, Data
analysis, Air pollution, 'Air pollution standards, 'Air
quality, 'National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
PB-292 278/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources-Suit uric Acid Plants,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METRE Div.
Marvin Drabkin, and Kathryn J. Brooks. Jan 79,90p*
MTR-7872, EPA/450/3-79/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart H. It in-
cludes a summary of the current standards, the status
of current applicable control technology, and the ability
of plants to meet the current standards. Recommen-
dations are made for future studies needed of unre-
solved issues.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chemical industry,
'Sulfuric acid, 'Reviews, 'Standards, Technology,
Economics, Forecasting, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Manufacturing, Per-
formance evaluation, Regulations, 'New source per-
formance standards. Best control technology.
PB-292 285/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Methodology for Collecting and Analyzing Organ-
ic Air Pollutants. Final rept.,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia. Environmental Trace Sub-
stances Research Center.
Corazon Hastings Vogt. Feb 79,64p EPA/600/2-79/
042
Grant EPA-R-801050
A number of support-bonded liquid phase sorption
media were developed and evaluated in model sys-
tems for collecting and analyzing organic air pollutants.
Polymers with various functional groups were synthe-
sized and chemically bonded onto inert supports in
thick layers. A media consisting of a silicone liquid
bonded to Chromosorb W was used with excellent re-
sults. Retention times of most organic compounds on
this liquid are extremely long at ambient temperatures,
and sampling can be carried out for 24 hours at a rate
of 10 liters of air per minute. In contrast, subsequent
counter current liquid extraction takes only a few min-
utes since retention volumes are very small. Extracts
were analyzed largely by gas chromatography.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Gas analysis,
'Sorption, Chemical analysis, Extraction, Gas chroma-
tography, Laboratory equipment, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-292 286/2 PC A03/MF A01
Regional Air Pollution Study: Lambert Field
Graphical Weather Summary,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert B. Jurgens, and William Ted Smith. Jan 79,44p
EPA/600/4-79/001
Prepared In cooperation with Potomac Research, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A graphical summary of National Weather Service
(NWS) 3-hour weather observations from Lambert
Field Airport, St. Louis, Missouri has been prepared for
use by individuals involved in the analysis and applica-
tion of Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data. It Is
intended as a reference for selecting study periods
with specific weather conditions or lor determining
weather conditions that existed during periods under
investigation. The summary covers the data collection
phase of RAPS from July 1974 through June 1977. All
graphs are presented on a monthly basis. The follow-
ing quantities were observed and are graphed: wind
speed, wind direction, relative humidity, dry bulb tem-
perature, sea level pressure, visibility, total sky cover,
and ceiling height.
Keywords: 'Meteorological data, Wind velocity, Hu-
midity, Dry bulb temperature, Atmospheric pressure,
Sea level, Visibility, Cloud cover,
Ceilings(Meteorology), Atmospheric temperature,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Graphs(Charts), Missouri,
Saint Louls(Missouri), Lambert Field, Regional Air Pol-
lution Study.
PB-292 288/8 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Physical Chemical Treatment at Ro-
aemount. Final rept. 6 Jun 75-13 Aug 77,
Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, St. Paul, MN.
R. C. Polta, R. W. DeFore, and W. K. Johnson. Dec 78,
189p EPA/600/2-78/201
Grant EPA-S-802666
This research program was conducted to demonstrate
the effectiveness of physical chemical treatment of
raw municipal wastewater and, more specifically, to
evaluate the performance of the system as a whole,
the performance of the individual treatment processes,
and the costs associated with operation and mainte-
nance. The performance data are summarized accord-
ing to the five process flow schemes used in addition
to discussion of the individual treatment processes.
Cost data are presented for each treatment process.
These data are used to construct an estimate of oper-
ating and maintenance costs for a 10 mgd facility.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Activated carbon treat-
ment, Coagulation, Clarification, Filtration, Water pollu-
tion control, Efficiency, Performance tests,
Tables(Data), Statistical data, Graphs(Charts), Cost
analysis, Minnesota, 'Physical chemical treatment,
Ammonia stripping, Rosemount(Mlnnesota).
PB-292 325/8 PC A12/MF A01
Short-Term Tests for Health and Ecological Ef-
fects. Part 1: Program Overview. Part II: Directory
of Testa.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Nov 78,260p EPA/600/9-78/037
The report is the proceedings of an Office of Health
and Ecological Effects (OHEE), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency workshop held at the Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina, in January of 1978. The
proceedings consists of eight papers. The first paper is
the keynote address; the other seven papers overview
the work being done in short-term testing for health
and ecological effects by the various U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Office of Health and Ecological
Effects Laboratories. Included with the proceedings In
the Directory of Short-Term Tests for Health and Eco-
logical Effects, which Is also published separately as
EPA-600/1-78-052. The directory, which was com-
piled as a result of the workshop, provides basic infor-
mation about the individual short-term tests for health
and ecological effects. The test systems are cross-in-
dexed.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Environmental tests, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Public health, Tests, Indexes(DccumentatJon),
Biological laboratories, Bloassay, Ecology, Risk, Pro-
grams, National government, Environmental health,
Hearth screening. Environmental Protection Agency.
PB-292 327/4 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design Guidelines for an Optimum Scrubber
System. Final rept. Apr 78-Oct 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. R. Kashdan. and M. B. Ranade. Jan 79, 94p' EPA/
800/7-79/018
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of a review of the performance
and operating experience of existing utility scrubber
December 1983 615
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
systems and the state-of-the-art in design of scrubber
components. It also gives guidelines for the design of
the optimum wet scrubber system, based on this
review. The U.S. EPA's Industrial Environmental Re-
search Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, is considering a demonstration of an opti-
mum wet scrubber system lor use on a coal-fired utility
boiler. The optimum wet scrubber system has such
design goals as maximum paniculate collection, low
power consumption, and low maintenance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Electric power plants, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation. Particles, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Boilers, Corrosion, Solid waste disposal,
Scaling, Sampling, Energy consumption, Maintenance,
Process charting, Mist eliminators, Wet methods,
State of the art.
PB-292 328/2 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Flash Desulfurlzatlon Process
for Coal Cleaning. Final rept. Nov 75-Jun 77,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
Donald K. Fleming, and Robert D. Smith. Jan 79,155p
EPA/600/7-79/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2126
The report gives results of a program to develop (on
the laboratory, bench, and pilot scale) operating condi-
tions for key steps in the 'flash' process for desulfuriz-
Ing coal by chemical and thermal treatment. Labora-
tory and bench scale data on high-sulfur eastern U.S.
coals prove that the process can reduce sulfur to the
point that the resulting solid fossil fuel can be directly
consumed in compliance with current regulations for
SOx emissions. Because of operating and technical
difficulties, pilot scale test data are inconclusive. A pre-
liminary analysis of a conceptual process indicates
that the treated fuel would cost $1.50 to 1.75/million
Btu (In 1977 dollars on a utility financing basis) if the
initial coal cost is $1.00/million Btu. Four eastern U.S.
coals, from abundant seams, were treated under var-
ious reducing-gas atmospheres at elevated tempera-
tures. Sufficient sulfur was removed from all coals
tested at ambient pressure and at temperatures of
1500 F and residence times of 60 minutes. These data
were obtained in laboratory, fixed-bed, continuous
weighing reactors and bench-scale fluidized-bed sys-
tems. As conceived, the process incorporated a
'sulfur-getter'~a material (e.g., lime) that has a greater
chemical affinity for the sulfur than the coal has. Use of
a sulfur-getter Is required to reduce the H2S concen-
tration in the gas. Data indicate that the concept is
sound.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Desulfurizatlon, Sulfur
oxides, Hydrogen sulflde, Design criteria, Process
charting, Crushing, Economics, Operating costs, Fore-
casting, Tables(Data), Air pollution, Laboratory equip-
ment, Pilot plants, *Alr pollution abatement, 'Low
sulfur coal, 'Flash desulfurlzatlon process, Chemical
treatment, Thermal treatment.
PB-292 329/0 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows by High
Gradient Magnetic Separation. On-Slte faatlng
with Mobile Pilot Plant Trailer. Final rept. Auo 76-
Dec 77,
Sala Magnetics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
David M. Allen. Dec 78,95p EPA/600/2-78/209
Contract EPA-68-03-2218
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-264 935.
Seeded water treatment using a SALA high gradient
magnetic separator pilot plant system was conducted
on combined sewer overflows and raw sewage at
SALA Magnetics in Cambridge, MA and at on-sne lo-
cations In the Boston area. Special emphasis was
' ed on specific design and operational parameters,
I term durability and maintenance problems, and
em adaptability to integrated wet and dry weather
flow conditions. The on-slte results reported, although
not equaling those obtained on uniform batch samples
in house, were nevertheless good and proved that
HGMF magnetic filters are effective on fresh CSO and
raw sewage and that the magnetic filtration treatment
system is easily adaptable to the dynamic solids load-
Ing and flow rate conditions typically associated with
storm water and integrated wet and dry treatment sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Magnetic
separators, 'Sewage treatment, Pilot plants, Field
tests, Flocculators, Storms, Runoff, Sewage, Perform-
ance evaluation, Filtration, Waste water, Flocculants,
Evaluation, Purification, 'Seeded water treatment.
PB-292 359/7 PC A15/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Selected Irrigation Return Flow Quality Abstracts
1977. Seventh Annual Issue. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Stephen W. Smith, Wynn R.
Walker, and Sue Eastman. Jan 79,340p EPA/600/2-
79/020
Grant EPA-R-800426
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-280 925.
Research related to the quality of irrigation return flow
Is being conducted at numerous institutions through-
out the western United States. Related work is also un-
derway at other institutions in the United States as well
as other portions of the world. Approximately 100
sources of material have been searched for articles
pertinent to the Irrigated Crop Production research and
development program. These articles describe water
quality problems resulting from irrigated agriculture,
potential technological solutions for controlling return
flows, recent research pertinent to return flow investi-
gations, and literature associated with institutional
constraints in irrigation return flow quality control. This
annual issue lists publications printed in 1977.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution control, 'Irri-
gated land, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Fertilizers, Sa-
linity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Soil
erosion, Hydrologic cycle, Seepage, Ground water re-
charge, Saline soils, Aquifers, Bibliographies, 'Return
flow.
PB-292 365/4
Not available NTIS
Measurement of Organomercury Species In Bio-
logical Samples by liquid Chromatography with
Differential Pulse Electrochemical Detection. Final
rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
W. A. MacCrehan, and Ft. A. Durst. Dec 78,5p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 50, n14, p2108-2112, Dec
78.
A new measurement approach is described for organ-
omercury cations, employing liquid Chromatography
with electrochemical detection. Special considerations
in constructing apparatus to optimize reductive elec-
trochemical measurement are outlined. The added se-
lectivity of the differential pulse mode of detection is
demonstrated. A charge-neutralization reverse-phase
separation of methyl-, ethyl-, and phenylmercury ca-
tions has been developed. The limit of detection for
methylmercury Is 2 ng/g or 40 pg (190 fmol/20 micro-
liter sample). Methylmercury is determined by the
technique in two research materials-tuna fish and
shark meat.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Mercury organic com-
pounds, 'Laboratory equipment, Fishes, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Electrochemistry, Water
pollution, Mercury/methyl, Mercury/ethyl, Mercury/
phenyl, 'Biological samples, Liquid Chromatography,
•Water pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-292 379/6 PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Airborne Radioactivity Measurements In
the Vicinity of the Jackplle Open Pit Uranium Mine
New Mexico. Technical note (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Gregory G. Eadie, C. William Fort, and Mala L. Beard.
Jan 79,91p ORP/LV-79/2
Prepared in cooperation with Indian Health Service,
San Fidel, NM.
This report discusses the results of several radiologi-
cal surveys conducted in the vicinity of the JackpHe
Open Pit Uranium Mine in New Mexico. During June
1976, ambient radon-222 concentrations were meas-
ured at eleven locations, seven of which appear to
have been at representative background radon levels -
averaging 0.50 + or - 0.033 pCi/l. The other four loca-
tions hacf average radon levels in excess of this typical
background level; however, the highest measured
radon concentration was 2.7 pCi/l. The arithmetic
average ambient radon progeny working level OD-
tainedindoors at the Laguna Tribal Building appearea
to be at a representative background level of 0.0049
+ or - 0.00045 WL. The arithmetic average ambient
working levels obtained at the Paguate Community
Center and the Jackpile Housing were 0.035 + or -
0.0038 and 0.015 + or - 0.0025 WL, respectively. Am-
bient airborne paniculate radioactivity concentrations
measured outdoors at Old Laguna appear to be at typi-
cal background levels; however, other locations exhio-
ited higher annual average concentrations for the nat-
urally-occurring radionucTides.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Airborne
wastes, Uranium ore deposits, Radium, Radon,
Mines(Excavations), Environmental surveys. Radiation
dosage, Tables(Data), New Mexico, 'Radiation meas-
urement, 'Uranium mines, Jackpile Open Pit Uranium
Mine, Radon 222.
PB-292 380/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical Composition of Exhaust Particles from
Gas Turbine Engine*. Final rept. Nov 76-Mar 78,
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group, East Hartford, CT-
Commercial Products Div. „
D. J. Robertson, J. H. Elwood, and R. H. Groth. Fob 79,
178p EPA/600/2-79/041
Contract EPA-68-02-2458
A program was conducted to chemically characterize
paniculate emissions from a current technology, Wgn
population, gas turbine engine. Attention was focused
on polynuclear aromatic compounds, phenols, nitrosa-
mines and total organics. Polynuclear aromatic hyoTO;
carbons (PAH) were determined by HPLC, GO/MS
and NMR techniques. Phenols and nitrosamines were
isolated and then measured by gas chromatograpnic
methods utilizing flame ionization detection and nitro-
gen detection. Total organics were determined by 8
backflush chromatograpnic procedure. The particulate
matter was collected using a high capacity pumping
system incorporating 293 mm diameter Teflon fins'8.
through which was passed up to 43 cu m of exhaust
gas. Extraction of the organic matter was performed in
a Soxhlet extractor using hexane. The engine was op-
erated at idle, approach, climb and take-on power set-
tings with low sulfur (0.007%S) and high sulfur
(0.25%S) fuels. Most of the PAH were small 3-to^J
fused ring species. No nitrosamines were found ana
except in a few cases, at low levels, no phenols. PA"
and total organic levels decreased with Increasing
power setting and were more concentrated in the ex-
haust from the low sulfur fuel. Less than 1 % of the or-
he particulate matter.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Parti-
cles, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Aromatic polycy-
clic compounds, Phenols, Amines, Nitroso com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Gas chromatograpny.
Mass spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
Sampling, Gas turbine engines, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, High performance liquid Chromatography.
PB-292 381/1 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Filtration Parameters for Duet Cleaning Fabric*-
Final rept. Jun 73-Dec 78,
Institute of Industry of Cement Building Materials
(Poland).
J. R. Koscianowski, Lidia Koscianowska, and
Eugeniusz Szczepankiewicz. Jan 79,225p EPA/600/
7-79/031
See also PB-251 145.
The report describes laboratory and pilot scale testing
of bag filter fabrics. Filtration performance data and
mathematical modeling parameters are given for four
Polish fabrics tested with cement dust, coal dust,
flyash, and talc. Conclusions include: (1) The process
of clean air flow, as well as the dust filtration process,
are stochastic processes of the normal type. (2) For fil-
tration Type I (laboratory scale), dust collection effi-
ciency is an exponential function depending on air-to-
cloth ration, dust covering, and type of filtration struc-
ture. (3) For filtration Type I, resistance increases para-
bolically with time or dust covering. Outlet concentra-
tion as a function of dust covering is also parabolic.
616 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Structurally, the fabrics are heterogeneous anistropic
media. (4) Free area is presently the best structural pa-
rameter for characterizing structure of staple fiber fab-
Jjps. (5) Electrostatic properties of dusts depend on
•j* history; charge decays with time. Dust cake for-
mation can be influenced by specific electrostatic
Properties of the fabric and dust.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, *Dust fil-
tJ*S' Fabrics, Filtration, Industrial wastes, Dust collec-
STO. Mathematical models, Performance evaluation,
electrostatics, Coal dust, Fly ash, Talc, Cements, Lab-
oratory equipment, Pilot plants, 'Fabric filters.
fB-292 385/2 PC A11/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
EPA Industrial Boiler FGD Survey: Fourth Quarter
W8. Final rept. Oct-Dec 78,
•rEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
£ Tuttle, A. Patkar, D. Welch, M. Hessling, and M.
Mkstein. Feb 79,233p* EPA/600/7-79/067 A
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
**» also report for third quarter 1978, PB-288 204.
" report gives detailed technical information con-
application of flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
s to industrial boilers. Design and operation
Is presented for 172 FGD control systems (132 of
ff?m operational), designed to control S02 emissions
^m 206 industrial boilers at 61 plants. With a 1978 ca-
Macny of 9.2 million scfm, an average of more than
«ven new FGD systems have been put on line each
8lnce 1972. Information in the report was ob-
ky a survev °' Plant personnel, control system
-_•--.», regulatory agencies, and consulting engi-
ono .? "rms- The data is 9'ven in two tyPea o( tables:
i"je gwes summary information; the other, detailed in-
,"mwtion. Summary tables present information as a
™nction of control process, control system vendor,
a*A« technique, operational status, startup date,
COM i gas capacity. Detailed information includes:
j~ntfol system design, economics, operating experi-
nUh ' PrOD'ems and solutions, waste disposal tech-
""fues, and maintenance practices.
: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dlox-
'^erformance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Com-
oducts, Solid waste disposal, Design criteria,
ta), Flue gases, Cost analysis.
»2 391/0 PCA11/MFA01
i?™?80' Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
r«lli*tlon of Health and Environmental Effect* of
S*™ High Voltage (EHV) Transmission. Final rept.,
" ' Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
!"• J-Frazier. Feb 79, 250p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4604
TJ* fepprt presents an analysis of material received by
reniSiyronrnental Protection Agency in response to a
tsiw. l for information on the health and environmen-
tr.« *!*• of the operation of extra-high-voltage (EHV)
»?rr™sl°n lines which was published in the Federal
a' in March 1975. The health and environmental
JS*0* of EHV transmission naturally divides into two
and magnetic f
ne. The second area of concern is
from S88^ to effects caused by electrical discharges
,;°5"ne line. The report concludes that available Infor-
e base on the var-
t from the transmis-
l power by EHV lines. It is reasonably
that the normal environment pro-
p
"? by such transmission lines does not produce
U significant health or environmental risks. However,
yet reo?>ear to ** areas where additional research is
'Extra high voltage, 'Electric power trans-
Electric fields, Magnetic fields, Instrumenta-
—'-1, Electric potential, Electric discharges,
Electromagnetic induction, Currents,
effects, Psychological effects,
i, Radio communication, Television trans-
effects, Environmental
PB-292 393/6 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Management. Public Activi-
ties Guide. Technical rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Clem L. Rastatter, John Hammond, and Larry
McBennett. Feb 79,126p* EPA/430/9-79/005, FRD-
7
See also PB-292 394.
This Handbook was prepared for use in a training pro-
gram to acquaint citizen leaders with the important de-
cisions that are made in planning for the management
of municipal wastewater. The training program was de-
signed to: (1) Identify the key decisions throughout the
planning process that are critical to the outcome of
that process and to the community's future; (2) Identify
and analyze the environmental, economic, and social
considerations that affect these Important decisions;
(3) Facilitate citizen input to those decisions by strip-
ping the process of technical jargon, and helping the
reader understand the community judgments that must
be made; and, (4) Help citizens understand the legal
tools and participatory techniques that will facilitate
their Involvement in the planning process.
Keywords: 'Citizen participation, Water pollution con-
trol, Public utilities, Facilities, Planning, Decision
making, Communities, Government policies, National
government, Waste water, Handbooks, Guidelines,
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-292 394/4 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Management. Citizen's
Quid* to Facility Planning. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Clem L. Rastatter, John Hammond, and Larry
McBennett. Jan 79,259p* EPA/430/9-79/006, FRD-6
See also PB-292 393.
This Handbook is organized around a logical progres-
sion of questions that the Involved citizen or local gov-
ernmental official Is likely to encounter in trying to Influ-
ence the municipal sewage facilities planning process.
The Handbook reflects the latest federal regulations
and policies, as of January 1979, and assumes a level
of interest that Is more than casual on the part of the
reader.
Keywords: 'Citizen participation, Water pollution con-
trol, Public utilities, Facilities, Planning, Decision
making, Communities, Government policies, National
government, State government, Local government,
Regulations, Legislation, Waste water, Handbooks,
Guidelines, 'Sewage treatment plants, Clean Water
Act.
PB-292 419/9 PC A03/MF A01
Summary Characterizations of Selected Chemi-
cals of Near-Term Interest Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sep 76,31p EPA/560/4-76/008
See also report dated Sep 75, PB-246 356.
This report includes summary characterizations of 8
chemicals of near-term concern to EPA. The report
summarizes (a) health and ecological effects and envi-
ronmental behavior, (b) sources, environmental levels
and exposed populations, (c) technologic and eco-
nomic aspects and (d) steps that have been taken and
are being taken.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, *Dichlorodifluoromethane, 'Vinyl chlo-
ride, 'Phthalic acids. 'Chloroform, 'Lead(Metal), Lead
inorganic compounds, Lead organic compounds,
Esters, Ecology, Public health, Sources, Technology,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Toxicology, Exposure, In-
dustrial hygiene, ConcentrationfCompositlon), Eco-
nomics, Solid waste disposal, 'Ether/
blsfchloromethyl), 'Butadiene/hexachloro, 'Polychlo-
rinated biphenyls, 'Blphenyl/perchloro, 'Methane/
fluoro-trichloro, Freon 11, Freon 12.
PB-292 420/7 PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Arsenic.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,148p*
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
13l4(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for arsenic. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion ia a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor Is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Arsenic, Ar-
senic inorganic compounds, Arsenic organic com-
pounds, Cnteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Gomposition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Residues, Experimental data,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), 'Toxic substances, Clean Water Act,
Environmental health, Maximum permissible expo-
sure, Health risks.
PB-292 421/6 PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Benzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,8lp*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific Knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for benzene. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in Itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Benzene, Cri-
teria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine
biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Residues, Experimental data, 'Water
pollution effectsfHumans), 'Water pollution
effectsfAnimals), 'Toxic substances, CAS 71-43-2,
Clean Water Act, Environmental health. Maximum per-
missible exposure, Bloaccumulatlon.
PB-292 422/3 PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Beryllium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,91 p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the Identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for beryllium. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and In the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
Judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
December 1983 617
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Beryllium,
Metals, Beryllium inorganic compounds, Criteria, Tox-
icity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Experimen-
tal data, Residues, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances,
Heavy metals, Clean Water Act, Environmental health,
Maximum permissible exposure, Health risks, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB-292 423/1 PC A09/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Cadmium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,177p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for cadmium. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and In the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and In itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Toxicology, 'Cadmium,
Metals, Cadmium inorganic compounds, Criteria, Tox-
Icity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water bjology, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Experimental
data, Residues, Risk, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Toxic substances, Heavy metals, Clean Water Act,
Environmental health, Maximum permissible expo-
sure, Bioaccumulation, Health risks.
PB-292 424/9 PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Carbon Tetrachlo-
rtde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,131p*
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)). requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for carbon tetrachloride. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Carbon tetra-
chloride, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Chloroal-
kanes, Criteria, Toxlcity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens
Public health, Residues, Experimental data, 'Water
pollution erfects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effectsfAnimals), 'toxic substances, CAS 56-23-5,
Clean Water Act, Environmental health, Maximum per-
missible exposure, Bioaccumulation.
618 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-292 425/6 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Chlordane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,70p'
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public Tiealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for the insecticide, chlordane. It pre-
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chlordan, Po-
lycyclic compounds, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, In-
secticides, Criteria, Toxiclty, Water pollution, Aquatic
biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Residues, Experimental data, 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, "Methanoin-
dene/hexachloro-octahydro, 'Methanoindan/octach-
loro-tetrahydro, CAS 5566-34-7, CAS 5103-74-2, CAS
5103-71-9, Clean Water Act, Environmental health,
Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccumulation,
Pharmacokinetics.
PB-292 426/4 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Chlorinated
Naphthalene*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,65p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for chlorinated naphthalenes. It pre-
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Aromatic poly-
cyclic compounds, Naphthalene compounds, Chlorine
aromatic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollu-
tion, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biol-
ogy, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcino-
gens, Public health, Risk, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances
'Naphthalene/chloro, Naphthalene/dichloro, Naph-
thalene/trichloro, Naphthalene/tetrachloro, Naphtha-
lene/pentachloro, Clean Water Act, Environmental
health, Maximum permissible exposure, Naphthalene/
hexachloro, Naphthalene/heptachloro, Naphthalene/
octachloro, Bioaccumulation, Health risks, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Plants).
PB-292 427/2 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Chloroform.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978, 73p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects pf pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for chloroform. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water ana
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe1 concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters whicn,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data ana
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is It a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chloroform,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Chloroalkanes, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biol-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Concentration(Cornposition),
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Residues, Ex-
perimental data, *Water pollution effects(Humans),
•Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances,
CAS 67-66-3, Clean Water Act, Environmental health,
Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccumulation,
Pharmacokinetics.
PB-292 428/0 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: 2-Chlorophenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,64p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This rep ' *"
quality criteria for 2-chlorophenol. it presents concen-
tration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Phenols, Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pol-
lution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water bi-
ology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Experimental data, Residues,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Phenoi/cnloro,
CAS 95-57-8, Clean Water Act, Environmental health,
Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 429/8 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Dlchloroben-
zenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978, ^ap-
portions of this document are not fully legible.
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public Tiealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for 1,2-dichloro-, 1,3-dichloro-, and 1,4-
dichlorobenzene. It presents concentration criteria for
the protection of fresh water and saltwater aquatic life.
It presents 'safe' concentrations for humans, and in
the case of suspect or proven carcinogens, gives var-
ious levels of incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a)
water quality criterion is a qualitative or quantitative es-
timate of the concentration of a water constituent or
pollutant in ambient waters which, when not exceeded,
will ensure a water quality sufficient to protect a speci-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
,i use- Under tne Act a criterion is a scientific
erraiy, based solely on data and scientific judgment. It
«oes not reflect considerations of economic or techno-
nT.c "feasibility nor is it a water quality standard and
in Itself has no regulatory effect.
'Water quality, "Toxicology, *Chloroben-
itC u5' Cnlorine aromatic compounds, Criteria, Toxic-
SLu er Pol|u'ion. Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
nosh water biology, Concentration/Composition), Ex-
Sr,~re' Carcinogens, Public health, Experimental
o«L'. j?esidues, Plants(Botany), 'Water pollution
y}*~, fs(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
DI°x|c substances, 'Benzene/dichloro, CAS 25321-
r£ ' P.AS 95-50-1, CAS 541-73-1, CAS 106-46-7,
r,1,™" Water Act, Environmental health, Maximum per-
6ffects?pfXPOSUre' Bioaccumulatior|. *Water pollution
4mhiM 430/6 PC A04/MF A01
line* Water QualltV Criteria: Dlchloroethy-
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Plants(Botany), Residues, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
•Toxic substances, 'Phenol/dichloro, CAS 120-83-2,
*DCP 2-4 herbicide, Clean Water Act, Environmental
health, Maximum permissible exposure, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation.
«, 65p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Ssctton 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
rea.u|res EPA to publish and periodically
ater quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
latest scientific knowledge on the Identifiable
of Pollutants on public Tiealth and welfare,
,' and recreation. This report presents water
y .criteria for 1,1-dichloro-, cis 1,2-dichloro-, and
p;. '2-dlcriloroethylene. It presents concentration
a™?"? 'or the protection of fresh water and saltwater
humo ' ll Presents 'safe' concentrations for
oonl •' and in tne case of suspect or proven carcino-
Msns, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
ouan?? ?04(a) water ^alty criterion is a qualitative or
onn.?. lve estimate of the concentration of a water
wnstituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
feeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
"' fic entity, based solely on data and scientific
nomi " does not reflect considerations of eco-
jtJ ™f °r technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
* star"dard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
oh«!'ords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Chlorine ali-
gnane compounds, Alkene compounds, Criteria, Toxic-
S' ^ater pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
DOW, Wa5?r biol°ay. Concentrationfcomposition). Ex-
Hosure. Carcinogens, Public health, Experimental
SS, ,., PlantsfBotany), 'Water pollution
•?r°Wurnans), 'Water pollution ettects(Animals),
ai:?1^ substances, 'Ethylene/dichloro, CAS 25323-
EnJi1 AS 1 56-59-2, CAS 156-60-5, Clean Water Act.
jjwonmental health, Maximum permissible expo-
A^K?2 431/4 PC AOS/MF A01
h11 Water Quallty Crlterla: 2.4-Dlchloro-
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
tandards Div.
304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
UDd«a))l re°.uires EPA to publish and periodically
floM .? water Quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
t scientific knowledge on the identifiable
am ,of Pollutants on public Tiealth and welfare,
OS0 Me> and recreation. This report presents water
cent,.-0"16"8 for 2,4-dichlorophenol. It presents con-
sah^. criteria for the protection of fresh water and
{""water aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
8' and in the case of suspect or proven car-
S^68 various levels of incremental cancer
tion 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
r quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
J*™w constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which.
cieS\not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
criteri p.rotect a specified water use. Under the Act a
aril °r ls a scientific entity, based solely on data and
ofi£? c iud9ment. It does not reflect considerations
o .rporiomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
Huanty standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
riSWords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Phenols, Chlo-
1 2,° aromatic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pol-
>™on, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water bi-
s*^^
PC A04/MF A01
Criteria: 2,4-Dlmethy-
PB-292 432/2
Ambient Water Quallty
phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,71p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for 2,4-dimethylphenol(2,4-xylenol). It
presents concentration criteria for the protection of
fresh water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe'
concentrations for humans, and in the case of suspect
or proven carcinogens, gives various levels of incre-
mental cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality crite-
rion is a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the con-
centration of a water constituent or pollutant in ambi-
ent waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a
water quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Phenols, Crite-
ria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine
biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Residues, Experimental data, 'water
pollution effectsjHumans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Xylenols, 8AS
105-67-9, Clean Water Act, Environmental health,
Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccumulation,
Pharmacokinetics.
PB-292 433/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Fluoranthene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,90p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for fluoranthene. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration o1 a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Aromatic poly-
cyclic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Residues, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances,
•Fluoranthene, CAS 206-44-0, Clean Water Act, Envi-
ronmental health, Maximum permissible exposure,
Bioaccumulation, 'Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB-292 434/8 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Heptachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,115p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for the insecticide, heptachlor. It pre-
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'heptachlor,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Polycyclic compounds,
Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology,
Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Experimental data, Residues, 'Water
pollution erfects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Methanoin-
dene/heptachloro-tetrahydro, CAS 76-44-8, Clean
Water Act, Environmental health, Maximum permissi-
ble exposure, Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 43S/S PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Hexachlorobuta-
dlene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,53p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreatiop. This report presents water
quality criteria for hexachlorobutadiene. It presents
concentration criteria for the protection of fresh water
and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentra-
tions for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven
carcinogens, gives various levels of incremental
cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion Is a
qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorobuta-
dienes, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Alkene com-
pounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Experimental data, Food, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, *Butadiene/hex-
achloro, CAS 87-68-3, Clean Water Act, Environmen-
tal health, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharmaco-
kinetics.
PB-292 436/3 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadlene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,107p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a», requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for hexachlorocyclopentadiene. It pre-
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
December 1983 619
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Ion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
Sjality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
nder the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: *Water quality, 'Toxicology, Cyclopenta-
dlene compounds, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Alkene compounds, Cycloalkene compounds, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biol-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Residues, Ex-
perimental data, *Water pollution effects(Humans),
•Water pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Toxic substances,
*Cyclopentadiene/hexachloro, CAS 77-47-4, Clean
Water Act, Environmental health, Maximum permissi-
ble exposure, Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 437/1 PC A08/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Lead.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,155p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for lead. It presents concentration crite-
ria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal),
Metals, Lead Inorganic compounds, Lead organic
compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic
biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health. Residues, Experimental Jala, 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Heavy metals,
Clean Water Act, Environmental health, Maximum per-
missible exposure, Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 438/9 PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Nltrosamlnes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,98p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for nltrosamines and nitrosamides in-
cluding N-nitrosodiphenylamlne, N-nitrosodimethyla-
mine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamme,
and N-nttrosopyrrolldine. It presents concentration cri-
teria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and innself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Nltroso com-
pounds, Amines, Amides, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pol-
lution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water bi-
ology, Concentratk>n(Compo8ition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Experimental data, Residues,
Food, Potable water, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Anirnals),
'Toxic substances, 'Nitrosoamines, Nitrosoamides,
'Diphenylamine/N-nitroso, *Dimethylamine/N-ni-
troso, *Diethylamine/N-nitroso, Clean Water Act, Envi-
ronmental health, Maximum permissible exposure,
*Dibutylamine/N-nitroso, 'Pyrrolidine/nitroso, CAS
86-30-6, CAS 62-75-9, CAS 55-18-5, CAS 924-16-3,
CAS 930-55-2, Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 439/7 PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Pentachloro-
phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,93p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for pentachlorophenol. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Phenols, Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pol-
lution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water bi-
ology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Herbicides, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), Residues, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Toxic substances, *PCP herbicide, 'Phenol/pentach-
loro, CAS 87-86-5, Clean Water Act, Environmental
health, Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB-292 440/5 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Selenium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,112p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for selenium. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Toxicology, 'Selenium,
Selenium inorganic compounds, Criteria, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure,
Carcinogens, Public health, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), Residues, 'Water pollution
effect8(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
'Toxic substances, Clean Water Act, Environmental
health, Maximum permissible exposure, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 441/3 PC A09/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Sliver.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,192p'
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for silver. It presents concentration crite-
ria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations tw
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risK.«
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, wnen
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a cri'enS"
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientliic
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Silver, Silver
inorganic compounds, Silver organic compounds.
Metals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic DIOI-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology.
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Experimental data, Plants(Botany), Res -
dues, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Heavy
metals, Clean Water Act, Environmental health, Maxi-
mum permissible exposure, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation.
PB-292 442/1 PC A04/MF AOl
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlor-
odlbenzo-P-Dloxhi. „,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, U"-
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,64p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C-
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-
It presents concentration criteria for the protection 01
fresh water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents sate
concentrations for humans, and in the case of suspeci
or proven carcinogens, gives various levels of l11^8"
mental cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality crite-
rion is a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the con-
centration of a water constituent or pollutant in anw
ent waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure •
water quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, basea
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself nas
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Oxygen heter-
ocyclic compounds, Chlorine aromatic compounds*
Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology.
Marine biology, Fresh water biology.
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogen*
Public health, Experimental data, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animal«j.
•Toxic substances, 'Dioxins, *Dibenzodioxin/tetracfr
loro, CAS 1746-01-6, Clean Water Act, Environmental
health, Maximum permissible exposure, PharmacoKir'-
etics.
PB-292 443/9 PC A04/MF AOl
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Trichloroethylene;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DI*
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,66p'
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare.
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for trichloroethylene. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water arw
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentration*
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of Incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a quant*
620 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
«ve or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
wnen not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
priSV0 ?rotect a specified water use. Under the Act a
SZrS? l8 a scientific entity, based solely on data and
»ci8mific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
n,,!S?nonnlc or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
S?,yw.?rd8: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Alkene com-
K, ii, ' Cn|orine aliphatic compounds, Criteria, Toxic-
Pri.k er Portion, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
L"5sn water biology, Concentration(Composi«on), Ex-
JJr?ure, Carcinogens, Public health, Experimental
aata, Residues, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
•e£ ?r P°llut|on effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances,
p"nylene/trichloro, CAS 79-01-6, Clean Water Act,
r™ronmental health, Maximum permissible expo-
Mrs, Bioaccumulation.
J**M «<4/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Er«?nt Watw Qu»»ty Criteria: Thallium.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
^a and Standards Div.
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
requires EPA to publish and periodically
• er quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
«£« latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
acS £' Points on public Tiealth and welfare,
oi»S, 8' and recreation. This report presents water
criSf crrteria for thallium. It presents concentration
atiif.« tna Protection of fresh water and saltwater
hum« ' " Presents 'safe' concentrations for
"mans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
2r"?' 9- 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
ErS 8ub«tances, Heavy metals, Clean Water Act,
"wonmental health, Maximum permissible expo-
:!ir9' Bioaccumulation, 'Water pollution
PCA04/MFA01
lene. Watw Qu«ll*y Criteria: Tetrachloroethy-
Crta?rnrie.Jmal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
ri
,„,„„,. 304!a)>> requlres EPA to publish and periodically
fleet !h w,ater quallty criteria. These criteria are to re-
,£""8 latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
aaS i°< Poi'utants on public health and welfare,
auaS>, 2?1 and recreation. This report presents water
oentMM riterla a scientific entity, based solely on data and
of a^T* '"OQment. It does not reflect considerations
BCmv"-1-, or technological feasibility nor is it a water
4~n and in itself has no regulatory effect.
'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Tetrachlor-
. Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Alkene com-
0^ —. Cnteria, Toxicity. Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
Son'canW"8 "io'oqy- Fre8h water biology,
PubS?T^attonfComposition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
pS*i health, Experimental data, Residues, ^Water
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
eral industry description are contained in 18 unpub-
lished appendices available from the EPA Food and
Wood Products Branch in Cincinnati, Ohio. The pub-
lished volume of the report and its eight published ap-
pendices discuss the major sources of water pollution,
air pollution, and solid wastes from the food process-
ing industries. The appendices address specific topics
such as SOx emissions, polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons, phenolic compounds, and water reuse (in-
cluding pesticides).
Keywords: *Food processing, "Environmental sur-
veys, Food industry, Assessments, Odors, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sources, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Design criteria,
Concentration(Composltion), Water pollution control.
Sulfur oxides, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Phenols, Pesticides, Air pollution control, SIC 20, Solid
wastes, Toxic substances, Waste water reuse.
PB-292 489/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Ensemble Averaged Concentrations
and Fluxes In a Tracer Puff. Final rept,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. School of Meteorology.
Main R. Hutcheson. Jan 79,113p EPA/600/4-79/002
Grant EPA-804507
Ensemble averaged fluxes and concentrations in a
tracer puff diffusing in the atmospheric surface layer
were analyzed. The analysis used radiation data pub-
lished by the Battelle Memorial Institute. Fluxes that
satisfy the diffusion equation for a Gaussian puff with
an arbitrary diffusion rate were obtained from the gra-
dient transfer hypothesis, using the proper diffusivities.
These fluxes were used as estimates of the ensemble
averaged fluxes in the surface layer. The radiation
data, however, were too sparse to use alone in analyz-
ing the tracer concentrations. Therefore, the data were
combined with a modified Gaussian distribution in a
variational technique to obtain concentration values.
Since the ensemble averaged concentration distribu-
tion was more nearly normal than the distribution in an
individual puff, the concentration estimates were ob-
tained from a model using a Gaussian distribution in
the horizontal, which constrained the estimates as
close to the analyzed concentrations as possible. The
concentration and flux estimates were combined with
the diffusion equation in a variational technique. The
analyzed fluxes and concentration? obtained were
close to the estimates and satisfied the diffusion equa-
tion. The values are assumed to be the true ensemble
averaged concentrations and fluxes for the puffs ex-
amined.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Flux
density, 'Mathematical models, 'Isotopic labeling,
Concentration(Compp8ition), Revisions, Krypton 85,
'Tracer studies, Point sources, Numerical solution,
Gaussian plume models.
PB-292 490/0 PC A04/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Exist-
ing Stationary Sources. Volume VIII: .Graphic Arts
- Rotogravure and Flexography,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Edwin J. Vincent, and William M. Vatavuk. Dec 78,64p
EPA/450/2-78/033, OAQPS-1.2-109
See also report dated Jun 7B, Volume 7, PB-286 199.
This document provides guidance for development of
regulations to limit emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds from rotogravure and flexographic printing op-
erations. This guidance includes recommended con-
trol requirements for carbon adsorption and inciner-
ation systems which represent Reasonably Available
Control Technology for these operations. Provisions
for the potential compliance by use of water-borne and
high-solids inks are recommended. The industry is de-
scribed, methods for reducing organic emissions are
reviewed, and monitoring and enforcement aspects
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Graphic arts, Industrial wastes, Gravure
printing, Flexography, Vapors, Regulations, Cost anal-
ysis. Stationary sources.
PB-292 491/8 PC A18/MF A01
Demonstration of Erosion and Sediment Control
Technology. Lake Tahoe Region of California.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 77,
California State Water Resources Control Board, Sac-
ramento. Div. of Planning and Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Charles A. White, and Alvin L. Franks. Dec 78,408p
EPA/600/2-78/208
Grant EPA-S-803181
A three-year project was conducted by the California
State Water Resources Control Board to determine
methods of preventing and correcting erosion prob-
lems which severely effect the quality of the waters of
the State of California. Two-project sites were chosen
in the vicinity of the Lake Tahoe basin in California.
One project site, Northstar-at-Tahoe, is a well planned
and constructed residential-recreational development
constructed in the early 1970s. The cost of extensive
predeveloped planning and erosion control at North-
star is currently less than $400 per developed unit or
residential lot. With ultimate planned build-out, costs
are expected to be reduced to $220 per developed
unit. The other project site, Rubicon Properties - Unit
No. 2, is an extremely poorly planned and constructed
residential subdivision development constructed in the
late 1950s and early 1960s. The cost of complete cor-
rective erosion control at Rubicon Properties would
range from $1,000 to $3,000 or more per residential
lot. At both project sites, extensive demonstrations
were made of predevelopment planning concepts,
construction techniques, and corrective measures
which may be used to substantially reduce erosion and
sedimentation problems associated with develop-
ments which are typical to the subalpine to alpine Lake
Tahoe region of California. Analyses were made to de-
termine cost and effectiveness of the various erosion
control techniques which were demonstrated at the
project sites.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, 'Erosion control, Sediments,
Site selection, Soil stabilization, Vegetation, Slopes,
Residential buildings, Cost estimates, Construction,
Planting, Fertilizers, Mulches, Nets, California, Lake
Tahoe Region(California), Recreational areas, Hydro-
mulching.
PB-292 520/4 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Military and
Civil Aircraft. Final rept. Aug 77-Apr 78,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsville, AL.
Huntsville Research and Engineering Center.
D. Richard Sears. Oct 78,91 p LMSC-HREC-TR-
D568208, EPA/450/3-78/117
Contract EPA-68-02-2614
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Using data supplied by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force,
USEPA Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control,
as well as published information, tables of military air-
craft fuel characteristics, aircraft classifications, mili-
tary and civil times in mode, engine modal emission
rates, and aircraft emission factors per landing-takeoff
cycle are calculated and compiled. The data encom-
pass 59 engines and 89 aircraft. Additional discussion
includes information related to benzo(a)pyrene emis-
sions and to hydrocarbon emissions (volatile organic)
with potential to produce photochemical oxidant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions. Aircraft,
Military vehicles, Hydrocarbons, Fuels, Tables(Data),
Cpncentration(Composition), Supersonic aircraft, Oxi-
dizers, Benzopyrenes, 'Emission factors, Emission
rates.
PB-292 522/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Enhanced S03 Emissions from Staged Combus-
tion. Final rept. Jul 77-Apr 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Earl L Merryman, and Arthur Levy. Jan 79,27p EPA/
600/7-79/002
Grant EPA-R-805330-01-1
The report gives results of an experimental study to
determine if staged combustion can increase (en-
hance) the SO3 level in a combustion gas, relative to
that observed in a similar single-stage process. Meth-
ane flames doped with H2S were used to examine the
staging effects, employing a small quartz tube two-
stage combustor. Examination of the staged combus-
tion process suggests that the high CO levels pro-
duced in the first stage may pump a sufficient leveU"
oxygen atoms into the second stage to increase SCM
formation. The results further suggest that the en-
hancement is small and may only Be a transient early
postflame phenomenon dependent on several com-
bustion variables. A kinetic analysis of the data yields
values of: (k sub 1 ) = 7.4 x 10 to the 14th power (cm to
the 6th power) (mole to the minus 2) {sec to the minus
1) for the SOS formation process, SO2 + O + M =
SOS + M; and (k sub 2) = 1.5 x 10 to the 11th power
(cm cubed)(mole to the minus 1) (sec to the minus 1)
for the depletion process, SOS + O = SO2 + O2(>
= 1685 K). The kinetic analysis also shows that en-
hancement of SO3 formation can occur in staged com-
bustion.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Thermodynamics,
Reaction kinetics, Sulfur trioxide, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur diox-
ide, Flames, Atoms, Flue gases, 'Staged combustion,
Oxygen atoms.
PB-292 531/1 PC A02/MF A01
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at a Mercury Film
Electrode: Baseline Concentrations of Cadmium,
Lead, and Copper In Selected Natural Waters-
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Poldoski, and G. E. Glass. 30 Jan 78,12p EPA/
600/J-78/088
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta 101, p79-88 1978.
A simple, rapid, and inexpensive anodic stripping vol-
tammetric method with a mercury thin film electrode is
reported for the establishment of baseline concentra-
tions of cadmium, lead, and copper in natural waters-
The procedure for routine surface preparation of wax-
impregnated graphite mercury film electrodes requires
about 30 min. Concentrations in the 0.006-6 micro-
gram/I range are determined by linear d.c. voltage
sweeps; the total time for a plating and stripping cycle
is 6 min or less. The need for pressure-digesting sam-
ples for copper determinations is demonstrated. The
a.s.v. results correlate well with corresponding analy-
ses performed by graphite-furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Polarographic analysis*
Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Cadmium, Absorp-
tion spectra, Atomic spectroscopy, Trace elements,
Lead(Metal), Copper, Concentration(Composition)r
Sampling, 'Voltammetry, 'Water pollution detectioni
Baseline measurements, Reprints.
PB-292 532/9 PC A02/MF AOl
A Rapid Method for Estimating Log P for Organic
Chemicals. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. D. Veith, N. M. Austin, and R. T. Morris. 19 Jul 78,7p
EPA/600/J-79/001
Pub. in Water Research, v13, p43-47 1979.
The logarithm of the retention time (log RT) of organ*0
chemicals on a permanently bonded (C-18) reverse-
phase high-pressure liquid chromatography system »
shown to be linearly related to the logarithm of the n-
octanol/water partition coefficient (log P). A rapid, in-
expensive technique based on reverse-phase high-
pressure liquid chromatography has been developed
to estimate the n-octanol/water partition coefficient o<
organic chemicals. The system consists of a prepara-
tive Micro-Pak(R) C-10 reverse-phase column eluteo
with a 15% water/85% methanol solvent flowing at'
ml/min at room temperature. A linear calibration of tne
logarithm of retention time with the logarithm of tn8
partition coefficient (log P) is attained by using a mix-
ture of benzene, bromobenzene, biphenyl, bibenzy1'
p.p'DDE, and 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl as refer-
ence standards of known log P. Using a calibration
mixture, the log P of other organic chemicals were es«'
mated with a mean accuracy of 22.8% of the log "
values reported in the literature. The technique permits
estimation of log P in a maximum of 25 min and doB?
not require a knowledge of the structure of the chemi-
cal for the estimate.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Partition coeffi-
cient, Laboratory equipment, Standards, Calibrating-
High pressure liquid chromatography, Procedures, R8'
prints.
622 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
£6-292 533/7 PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Prl-
Jfwy Drinking Water Regulations for Inorganics,
["art 3. Cadmium, Lead, and Silver. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Thomas J. Sorg, Mihaly Csanady, and Gary Logsdon.
g«C 78, 16p EPA/600/J-78/089
fcw also Part 2, PB-284 385. Pub. in Jnl. of the Ameri-
can Water Works Association, v70, n12, p680-691,
=pA established drinking water regulations for ten in-
organic substances and radionuclides that became ef-
'ective on June 24, 1 977. As a result of these new reg-
ulations, many communities may be required to con-
flict new treatment facilities or to modify existing
J>rtes. This paper on cadmium, lead, and silver Is the
jnird of a series that reviews existing treatment tech-
nology for meeting the EPA drinking water regulations.
"ne effectiveness of conventional coagulation, lime
??ttening, ion exchange, activated carbon, reverse os-
2°w8, and electrodialysis for the removal of the eon-
wrninants are discussed. The information consists of
°«a from a general literature review and EPA's recent
W0rk on metals removal by conventional treatment.
Bywords: 'Water treatment, *Cadmium,
i-ead(Metal), 'Silver, 'Regulations, Potable water,
'fichnpiogy, Chemical removal(Water treatment), Co-
"HUlation, Activated carbon. Reverse osmosis, Elec-
"Odialysis, Water softening, Ion exchanging, 'Drinking
*«er, Reprints.
P*-*92 537/8 PCA11/MFA01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
B
p*P«ratlon of Algal Cells from Wastewater
r*8°on Effluents. Volume III: Soil Mantle Treat-
ment of Wastewater Stabilization Pond Effluent -
SPr[nkler Irrigation. Final rept. 1973-77,
y»h Water Research Lab., Logan.
S-T. Hicken, R. S. Tinkey, R. A. Gearheart, J. H.
"synolds, and D. S. Filip. Jul 78, 233p EPA/600/2-78/
UW7
Contract EPA-68-03-0281
"^ also Volume 1 , PB-284 925.
Lysirneter studies and a two-year field study were con-
Tj|cted to evaluate the efficiency of sprinkler irrigation
*astewater treatment as a means of polishing
™88tewater stabilization lagoon effluent. In the lysi-
f"eter study four typical Utah soils were evaluated for
Bnrt e"ectiveness in removing total and fecal coliform
•Pa fecal streptococcal organisms as well as nitrogen,
["Jpsphorus and carbon compounds. The field experi-
||J°nts evaluated the removal efficiencies for carbon,
™wogen and phosphorus compounds. All four soils
jj~etl in the lysimeters were effective in removing the
indicator organisms, organic carbon, and sus-
d and volatile suspended solids. In the field ex-
ents teaching of salts from soils on the drainage
occurred. The quality of the effluent from the soil
to* ewater treatment system appeared to be con-
SLUM bX 'ne characteristics or the drainage farm
on r' Once equilibrium is established a far superior
iity effluent is expected. Phosphorus removal in the
experiments exceeded 80%. The rate of applica-
1 of irrigation water made no significant difference in
ur Phosphorus removal rate. Evidence of nitrate
Caching from the soil was also observed. Ammonia
removed approximately 35% of the ammonia
e lagoon effluent was sprayed on the land.
r"jH>ended solids removal by soil mantle treatment
!*s'em was excellent and the suspended solids con-
rjntrations in the drainage water from a 1.2 m (4 ft.)
aniL? mole drain contained an average suspended
•"** concentration of 2 mg/l.
: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sprinkler irrigation,
ds), 'Soils, Coliform bacteria, Sfrepto-
tests, Lysimeters, Sampling, Nutrients,
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
uter programs, Water quality, Suspended soils.
bJ|-292 539/4 PC A12/MF A01
!7pceedlngs of the Stationary Sburce Combus-
?>n Symposium (3rd). Volume I. Utility, Industrial,
nmercial, and Residential Systems,
ental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Sft* s- B°wen, and Robert E. Hall. Feb 79, 254p'
|PA/600/7-79/050A
*«« also Volume 2. PB-292 540, and PB-256 320
Contents:
Small industrial, commercial, residential systems-
(Evaluation of emissions and control technology
for industrial stoker boilers, Field tests of
industrial stoker fired boilers for emission
control, Guidelines for adjustment of residential
gas burners for low emissions and good
efficiency, and Field verification of low-emission
integrated residential furnaces);
Utility and large industrial boilers~(Status of NOx
control implementation for utility boilers, Field
testing of utility boilers and gas turbines for
emission reduction. Corrosion testing of utility
boiler combustion modifications, Field
evaluation of low NOx coal burners on industrial
and utility boilers, Applicability of the thermal
DeNOx process to coal-fired utility boilers, and
Combustion modification concepts for stoker
boiler applications).
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Industrial plants, 'Commercial buildings,
•Residential buildings, 'Meetings, Technology, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Boilers, Revisions,
Corrosion, Gas turbines, Nitrogen oxides, Perform-
ance evaluation, Gas burners, Furnaces, Field tests,
Stationary sources, Combustion modification.
PB-292 540/2 PC A14/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (3rd). Volume II. Advanced Proc-
esses and Special Topics,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Feb 79,315p*
EPA/600/7-79/OSOB
See also Volume 3, PB-292 541, and PB-256 321.
Contents:
Advanced processes-fine influence of fuel
characteristics on nitrogen oxide formation -
bench-scale studies, The control of pollutant
formation in fuel oil flames - the influence of oil
properties and spray characteristics, The
generalization of low emission coal burner
y, Alternate fuels and low NOx
tangential burner development program,
Pollutant formation during fixed-bed and
suspension coal combustion, Advanced
combustion concepts for low BTU gas
combustion, Catalytic combustion system
development for stationary source application);
Special topics-(ERPI low combustion NOx
research, Flue gas treatment technology for
NOx control, Chemiluminescent measurement
of nitric oxide in combustion products).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particle size, Fuel oil, Technology, Coal burners, Sub-
stitutes, Catalysis, Rue gases, Nitrogen oxide(NO),
Flames, Stationary sources, Air fuel ratio, Low btu gas.
PB-292 541/0 PC A09/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (3rd). Volume III. Stationary
Engine and Industrial Process Combustion Sys-
tems,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Feb 79.180p'
EPA/600/7-79/050C
See also Volume 4, PB-292 542, and PB-257146.
Contents:
Stationary engines and industrial process
combustion systems--(Application of advanced
combustion modifications to industrial process
equipment-process heater subecale tests,
Pollutant emissions from 'dirty' low and medium
- Btu gases, Some aspects of afterburner
performance lor control of organic emissions,
Development of emission-control methods for
large-bore stationary engines, Low NOx
combustor development for stationary gas
turbine engines, A research plan to study
emissions from'small internal combustion
engines).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Meetings, Equipment, Combustion prod-
ucts, Revisions, Afterburners, Performance evaluation,
Organic compounds, Nitrogen oxides, Gas turbine en-
gines, Internal combustion engines. Design criteria,
'Combustion modification, Low btu gases, Medium btu
gases.
PB-292 542/8 PC A11/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationary Source Combus-
tion Symposium (3rd). Volume IV. Fundamental
Combustion Research and Environmental Assess-
ment,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Feb 79,237p*
EPA/600/7-79/050D
See also PB-274 029.
Contents:
Fundamental combustion research-(NOx
abatement in fossil fuel combustion-chemical
kinetic considerations, Heterogeneous
processes involved in the control of nitrogen
oxide formation in fossil fuel flames. Transport
processes and numerical model development-
FCR program elements);
Environmental assessment-fSurvey of projects
concerning conventional combustion
environmental assessments, Emissions
assessment of conventional combustion
systems, Environmental assessment of coal
and oil firing in a controlled industrial boiler,
Environmental assessment of stationary source
NOx control technologies, An overview of the
conventional combustion environmental
assessment program).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Meetings, Nitrogen oxides, Fossil fuels,
Flames, Transport properties, Mathematical models,
Assessments, Boilers, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Technology, Reaction kinetics, Stationary
sources.
PB-292 555/0 PC A07/MF A01
A Computer Study of the Koh-Chang Model for
Dredged Material Disposal,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. Marine
and Freshwater Ecology Branch.
A. M. Teeter, and B. H. Johnson. Mar 79,133p EPA/
600/3-79/027
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Hydraulics Lab.
This report is on a computer study of the Koh-Chang
model for physical fate prediction In dredge material
disposal. This computer model can simulate three dis-
charge methods: instantaneous bottom release, jet
discharge, and discharge Into a wake. Convectlve de-
scent, dynamic collapse or bottom encounter, and
long term diffusion phases of waste behavior are con-
sidered. Simulation results are most sensitive to vari-
ations in convective entrainment and form drag coeffi-
cients in the bottom dump method. In the jet method,
the model is most sensitive to convective entrainment
and cloud gradient coefficients. Model analysis on a
single discharge opening with the results superim-
posed to represent the entire discharge is often neces-
sary. The model is applied to five field situations for
pipeline, hopper dredge, and bottom opening scow. In-
sufficient field data are available for validation. Modifi-
cations to the model have been made by COE-WES
and EPA-CERL subsequent to this study.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Mathematical
models, Dredging, Spoil, Dredges, Pipelines, Barges,
Environmental Impacts, Water pollution, Computer
programming. Performance evaluation, Computerized
simulation, 'Dredged materials, Dredge spoil, Dredged
material disposal, Koh-Chang model.
PB-292 661/8 PC A09/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Environmental Research Labs.
Design of Field Experiments to Determine the
Ecological Effects of Petroleum In Intertidal Eco-
systems. Final rept.,
Resource Management Associates, Lafayette, CA.
Stephen F. Moore, and Dennis S. Mclaughlin. Dec 78,
196p EPA/800/7-78/231
Grant NOAA-03-6-022-35258
Is it possible to design field experiments that will yield
ecologically and statistically significant information
about how oil affects intertidaf ecosystems. What
December 1983 623
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
classes of experimental design and technical ap-
proach are most likely to generate optimal information
on these effects. In order to improve the usefulness of
field experiments to prediction and assessment of im-
pacts of oil spills on marine environments, this report
addresses the foregoing questions as they apply to
rocky intertidal habitats characteristic of the Guff of
Alaska. The report discusses problems of experimen-
tal design in the ecosystems and presents statistical
approaches for dealing with the problems. Examples
are provided using data on rocky shore habitats at
Zaikof Bay, Alaska. The levels of variability exhibited
by these data indicate that realistic experiments can
be designed to study the effects of oil. Traditional ex-
perimental design methods of factor selection, rando-
mization, blocking and performance evaluation are di-
rectly relevant to intertidal oil experiments.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Ecology, 'Marine biology,
'Experimental design, 'Continental shelves, Statistical
analysis, Decision making, Assessments, Surveys, En-
vironmental impacts, Algae, Distribution(Property),
Abundance, Hydrocarbons, Errors, Feasibility, Vari-
ations, Zaikof Bay, Intertidal zone, Alaska, Ecosys-
tems, Habitats.
PB-292 584/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of a National Conference on Public
Policy on Ground-Water Quality Protection, Held
at Blacksburg, VA., on April 13-16,1977.
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Water Resources Research Center.
1977,176p
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Univ., Charlottes-
ville, Geological Survey, Reston, VA., and Pennsylva-
nia Dept. of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Partial contents:
Magnitude of the ground-water contamination
problem;
Limited degradation as a ground-water quality
policy;
Surface and subsurface mining:
Policy implications;
Abandoned wells, injection wells, and saltwater
injection:
Policy implications;
Oil well operation/maintenance and saltwater
intrusion:
Policy implications;
Impoundments for liquid wastes:
Policy implications;
Agricultural practices:
Policy implications;
Urban land-use practices:
Policy Implications;
The underground injection program under the
national safe drinking water act;
Impact of federal legislation other than the safe
drinking water act on ground-water protection;
The state approach to ground-water protection:
The Pennsylvania experience;
The role of Interstate commissions In ground-water
protection:
the Susquehanna River Basin Commission
perspective;
Institutional requirements for ground-water
protection:
The National Water Commission view.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Water quality, 'Meetings,
Government policies, Degradation, Mining, Injection
wells, Salt water intrusion, Waste disposal, Water
wells, Agriculture, Legislation, National government,
State government, Local government, River basins,
Organizations.
PB-292 646/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
University of Washington Electrostatic Scrubber
Testt at a Coal-fired Power Plant Final rept. Jun
77-Oct 78,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. J. Pilat, and G. A. Raemhild. Dec 78,59p EPA/600/
7-78/177B
Grant EPA-R-804393
See also report dated Sep 78, PB-288 307.
The report gives results of tests of a 1700 cu m/hr Uni-
versity of Washington Electrostatic Spray Scrubber
pilot plant c
fectiveness
1 on a coal-fired boiler to demonstrate its ef-
fectiveness for controlling fine particle emissions. The
multiple-pass, portable pilot plant combines oppositely
charged aerosol particles and water droplets in two
water spray towers. Aerosol negative-charging sec-
tions precede each spray tower. The scrubber was
tested in two modes: two-stage, including two active
particle charging corona sections and two spray
towers; and single-stage, including only one corona
section and one spray tower. Simultaneous inlet and
outlet source tests provided both size-dependent and
overall mass basis particle collection efficiency infor-
mation. Measured overall particle collection efficien-
cies ranged from 99.30 to 99.99%, depending on
scrubber operating conditions, inlet particle size distri-
bution, and mass concentration. Particle mass con-
centrations measured at the scrubber outlet ranged
from 0,00041 to 0.0027 g/cu m. The average overall
particle collection efficiency for all tests performed in
the two-stage mode was 99.93%; single-stage aver-
age efficiency was 99.83%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Fines, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Pilot plants, Particles, Aerosols,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Particle size
distribution, Concentration(Composition), 'Electrostat-
ic spray scrubbers, 'Coal fired power plants.
PB-292 647/5
PC A04/MF A01
Near-Field Radiation Properties of Simple Linear
Antennas with Applications to Radlofrequency
Hazards and Broadcasting,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetic Radiation Analysis Branch.
Richard A. Tell. Jun 78,51 p OHP/EAD-78/4
Analytical expressions for the electromagnetic field
have been used to compute electric and magnetic field
strengths in the near-vicinity of dipole and monopole
transmitting antennas. In particular the fields about a
half-wave length dipole are mapped to illustrate the
magnitude and wide variation of field intensity which
occurs near the feed point, along the axis of the dipole,
and about the tip of the radiating arms. These results
are analyzed in terms of evaluating potential radiofre-
quency hazards which may exist extremely near dipole
like broadcast antennas and the aspect of close prox-
imity exposure of maintenance personnel is discussed.
The field expressions are used to determine the extent
of near-field gain compression which occurs at dis-
tances close to the antenna and this is compared with
measured field intensity data taken for a halfwave
dipole using a short, nonperturblng field probe. The re-
sults for a single dipole are used to model a vertically
stacked array of dipole radiating elements used to sim-
ulate a typical FM broadcast transmitting antenna. Ex-
pected field Intensities are then determined for posi-
tions close to such radiating structures to assess the
potential of biologically significant fields existing about
present day FM broadcast installations. It is found that
near-field gain compression can be significant for typi-
cally encountered building exposures wherein main
beam illumination is possible.
Keywords: 'Dipole antennas, 'Monopole antennas,
•Electromagnetic fields, Radiation hazards, Field
strength, Radio broadcasting, Television broadcasting,
Gain, Near field.
PB-292 648/3 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance and Economic Evaluation of a Hot-
side Electrostatic Preclpltator. Final rept. Dec 76-
Sep 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
G. H. Merchant, Jr., and J. P. Gooch. Nov 78,195p
SORI-EAS-78-415, EPA/600/7-78/214
Contract EPA-68-02-2185
The report gives results of measurements-to deter-
mine the overall mass and fractional collection effi-
ciency of a hot-side electrostatic precipitator (ESP)»
across 1 chamber of a 16-chambered ESP. Meas-
urements of fractional efficiency were conducted
across the entire ESP. In situ and laboratory resistivity
measurements were performed, and voltage-current
characteristics of the power supplies were obtained.
An engineering analysts was conducted, including an
estimate of the specific collecting area required for a
cold-side ESP on the same boiler. Results include: (1)
voltage waveforms and secondary voltage-current re-
lationships showed characteristics similar to back-
corona although fly ash resistivity was 5 x 10 to the 9th
power ohm-cm at 350 C (in situ determination); (Z)
ESP operation was sensitive to resistivity variation in a
resistivity region (2 x 10 to the 10th power to 8 xju'io
the 8th power ohm-cm from laboratory determinations;
where no sensitivity was expected; (3) overall mass
collection efficiency of an isolated chamber was
99.22% for a specific collection area of 52.6 sq rn/(eu
m/sec), average secondary voltage was 22 kv, ami
average secondary current density was 40 nA/sq cm,
and (4) the turnkey cost of the ESP system was esti-
mated at $34,940,000 ($44/kW) in 1977 dollars.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, Performance evaluation, Ec°ncT'
ics, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Design criteria.
Process charting, Fly ash.
PB-292 651/7 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Emission Control Technology Div. »
Colorado Motor Vehicle Emission Inspection - A
Pilot Program. Final rept,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Douglas R. Liljedahl, and Jerry L. Terry. Mar 78,476p
EPA/460/3-78/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2593
The Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Evaluation
Task consisted of a series of emission and fuel econo-
my tests on a sample of 1977 and 1978 passengB'
cars and thirty 1975-1978 model-year, Md1**?
trucks. This work was performed as an additional enpn
in the Denver portion of the EPA's FY77 Passengw
Car Emission Factor Program. Tests were perforrnea
on the vehicles in their as-received condition. Many?
these vehicles that failed an idle test during the Initial
test sequence were delivered to one of ten pre-seiecv-
ed repair and tune-up facilities in the east Denver area
for corrective maintenance. Idle emission tests anu
maintenance actions were performed at the repan
facilities before the vehicles were returned to the laDo-
ratory. These were followed by another series of tesw
at the laboratory to provide information on the enec-
tiveness of the work performed. Two other tests were
performed as part of the I/M program. An Induced Mai-
performance Idle Test, conducted with one spark piutj
disconnected, was performed on all the 1977 ana
1978 passenger cars, all trucks and a sampling °'
1975 and 1978 passenger cars. Thirty additional 1»'°
and 1976 model-year cars were also given a series oj
tests to evaluate the emission related performance 01
catalytic converters on vehicles with more than 50,uuu
accumulated miles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, *Jn"
spection, 'Maintenance, Motor vehicles, Trucks, Auto-
mobile, Fuel economy, Performance evaluation'
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composltion), Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Equipment, Calibration, (Colo-
rado, Light duty vehicles, Catalytic reactors(Exhau»»
systems), Federal test procedures, Procedures.
PB-292 669/9 PC A07/MF AJj1
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI-
Emission Control Technology Div. . __.
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance on 1*77
Light-Duty Vehicles In Denver, CO. Final rept.,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Douglas R. Uliedafil, and Jerry Terry. May 78,142p
EPA-460/3-78-006
Contract EPA-68-03-2408
Emission and fuel economy tests were performed on *
sample of forty-two individually-owned 1977 modej-
year light-duty vehicles in the Denver metropolitan
area, vehicles manufactured by Chrysler Corporation'
Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corpora-
tion were represented somewhat equally. The purp°j*j
of these tests was to investigate emission and fuw
economy performance of typical in-use passeng8'
cars and to quantify the individual and combined et-
fects of any observable defects, disablement and/a/
maladjustments on exhaust emissions and fuel econo-
my.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, *FU?'
economy, 'Maintenance, Performance evaluation-
Equipment, Metropolitan areas, Colorado, 'Light duty
vehicles, Denver(Colorado), Federal test procedures.
624 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-292 687/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Alternatives for Hlgh-temperature/Hlgh-pressure
Participate Control. Final rept. Oct 77-Oct 78,
w Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
MKhard Parker, and Seymour Calvert. Jan 79, 1 37p
EPA-600/7-79-019
Contract EPA-68-02-2190
The report gives the status of the most promising high-
jemperature/high-pressure (HTP) paniculate control
Devices being developed. Data are. presented and an-
wapated performance and development problems are
oiscussed. HTP paniculate control offers efficiency
ana potential economic advantages over cold gas
XHSSiP in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion
hi J P and 'ow-Btu coal gasification (LBCG) com-
« H cXcle Power generation systems. However, con-
?'aSrably more development will be necessary in order
IS demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility
«LT 9as cleanup commercially. The alternative of
""•uperative heat exchange coupled with low-tem-
^arature/high-pressure paniculate control is reviewed
•wn regard to power system efficiencies or PFBC and
"3«a combined-cycle processes. Successful hot gas
r™an"P has clear efficiency advantages (1-7%) over
ww gas cleanup. The economics of not gas cleanup,
> are VSry 8Peculative at the Curren1 state of
: *Air pollution control, 'Particles, Fluldized
"^.processing, Coal gasification, Technology. Eco-
nomics, Cyclone separators, Scrubbers, Fibers, Mem-
n« £• ™ration. Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
SJ™' Substitutes, Combined cycles, Granular bed fil-
rs- HI8h pressure, High temperature.
£8-892 701/0 PC A04/MF A01
E^'ronmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Uinb[onmental EH»cts of Western Coal Surface
SK* Part W: The Water Quality of Trout Creek,
X~ora«lo. Final rept.,
R k IS0 State U"W.. Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
rboe, C. S. Lavallee, M. M. Miller, and D. L
9- 71P EPA/600/3-79/008
R k
, dated Oct 78, PB-289 883.
ajer quality parameters have been measured at sev-
uHTiLon-stream and off-stream sites along Trout Creek,
aflrS, I reo'Pient of water from coal strip-mining oper-
on^Jf-J-evels of the gross parameters (e.g., specific
fa,'?uo"vrty), the common ions (e.g., calcium and sul-
hioho. • 80me trace components (e.g., selenium) are
son 12 ln mine SP0'1 drainages. The impact of the mine
o«j«L-Jaina9e on the stream is reflected in the larger
at nn !!?8 °'dissolved solids and common ions found
traca ieam sites adjacent to and below the mine. For
imti»M 6n's> *ne m'ne operation has no detectable
.•pact on Trout Creek in terms of increasing concen-
b?*x» of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, or Zn. Increases
infir,u m concentrations of Mn and Se due to mine
tionT'?? ^ inferred from the data. Higher concentra-
rfuns of AS, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn are found in waters
I mine spoils. In the mine spoils, variations in
centrations of these elements occur with spoil
more Mn and Zn occur in older spoils, white
^vels of As, Fe, and Se are found in newer
• Chemical equilibrium calculations indicate that
coiZl* Precipitation processes can maintain the low
eral7l?rations of Al- Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. The gen-
aai H« ne characteristics of western streams and
limit thrs *"99ests that such precipitation equilibria will
mit the soluble heavy metal concentrations.
>: 'Coal mining, 'Metals, 'Water pollution,
n , ,
elemf Freek' Monitoring, Mine waters, Spoil, Trace
ciurn 2: Salinity. Concentration(Composition), Cal-
2inT<*rbonates, Manganese, Selenium, Arsenic, Iron,
rninL fS^sfCharts), Water quality, Colorado, Strip
"""ing, Dissolved solids, 'Heavy metals.
703/6
PC AOS/MF A01
Research Lab., Research Tri-
of Highway Emission* by a Second
re Model. Final rept. Mar 77-Mar 78,
Research Associates of Princeton, Inc.,
1 and w- s- Lewellen. Fob 79, 95p EPA/
The dispersion of sulfur hexaf luoride tracer and sulfate
from automobile emissions in the immediate vicinity of
a highway were estimated for conditions similar to
those existing during the General Motors sulfate dis-
persion experiment conducted at a GM test track. A
second-order closure model of turbulent transport in
the planetary boundary layer was used to predict the
steady-state dispersion under two conditions: with the
mean wind and velocity component variances speci-
fied by the data or predicted with the aid of an auto-
mobile wake model. The GM measured wind data ap-
parently suffered from low vertical velocity variance
readings at the 1.5 meter height, and led to an overpre-
diction of the SF6 levels by an average factor of 1.77
for the 18 tower collection points during the 15 test
days. The correlation fell to 0.96 of the measured
levels when the model also predicted the wind fields.
The results indicate that close to the highway, buoyan-
cy effects were small even in the critical case when the
wind is light and aligned with the roadway.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Math-
ematical models, Highways, Sulfur hexafluoride, Sul-
fates, Transport properties, Boundary layer,
Wind(Meteorology), Graphs,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric diffusion,
Tracer studies, "Automobile exhaust.
PB-292 704/4 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Reseach Tn-
lo^lds Transport Between Adjacent CAFB Fluld-
ized Beds. Final rept. Jul 75-Aug 78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
D. M. BachWhin, P. R. Mulik, R. A. Newby, and D. L.
Keaims. Jan 79,173p EPA/600/7-79/021
Grant EPA-68-02-2142
The report gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion of a pulsed, dense-phase pneumatic transport
system for controlled circulation between adjacent
fluidized beds. A model was developed to predict per-
formance. The program provides technical support for
EPA's program to demonstrate the Chemically Active
Fluid Bed (CAFB) Process, being developed to pro-
duce a clean, low heating value fuel gas from fossil
fuels. A cold model test facility, capable of transporting
up to about 6.3 kg/s, was built and operated to demon-
strate effects of key parameters. Generated data were
utilized in the development of a mathematical model of
the system which allows projection of the effects of
key variables. Solids flow is controlled by pulsed air
input, whose on-time( <0.3 to 0.4s) and off-time (1.5 to
2.0s) should be controlled for best performance. The
system pressure balance should also be carefully con-
trolled. Expected demonstration plant bed-material
density may result in higher air requirements than was
predicted in the plant design. Wider legs and more
nozzles or greater transport-gas capacity may alleviate
this difficulty.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
esses, Mathematical models, Tests, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Solids, Transport properties,
Specifications, Fossil fuels, Computer programs,
•Chemically active fluid bed process, CAFB process.
PB-292 709/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kinetics of Sulfur Dioxide In Aqueous Solution.
Final rept. Apr 73-Dec 74,
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
J. L. Hudson, J. Erwin, and N. M. Catipovic. Jan 79,82p
EPA/600/7-79/030
Grant EPA-R-800303
tion (low pH catalyzed oxidation and high pH uncata-
lyzed oxidation) of 502 in a 1 liter semi-batch reactor.
Low pH experiment results included: (1) both MgSO4-
and MnSO4-catalyzed liquid-phase oxidation of SO2 at
low pH are zero order In SO2 concentration; (2) while
Mn is a very effective catalyst even at concentrations
as low as 3 ppm, Mg shows little catalytic action even
at concentrations as high as 20,000 ppm; (3) energy of
activation for the Mn-catalvzed reaction was 18.7 kcal/
mole; (4 low pH oxidation of SO2, catalyzed by
MnSO4. is independent of pH between 1 and 4, while
at pH values above 4, the reaction speeds up due to
the presence of sulfite ions; (5) ionic strength did not
appear to affect the reaction rate significantly (addi-
tional tests at higher ionic strengths should be per-
formed to check this effect); t
the reaction significantly. The primary result of the high
pH study was a first order rate constant of 0.0053 per
second; during the experiments, oxidation was kinetl-
cally controlled with a constant oxidation concentra-
tion of 0.0013 M. Results applied to conditions in a
SO2 scrubber indicated that the catalyst effect, even
at ppm concentration, is very significant. The effect of
catalysts in high pH scrubbing systems subject to oxi-
dation is much greater than in low pH systems.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution, 'Reaction ki-
netics, 'Oxidation, Catalysis, pH, Magnesium sulfates,
Scrubbers, Concentration(Composltion), Liquid
phases, Forecasting, Stationary sources, Manganese
sulfates.
PB-292 715/0 PC A07/MF A01
Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington,
DC.
General Design Requirements for a Chemical
Regulations and Guidelines System. Final rept.,
Sigma Data Computing Corp., Rockville, MD.
Rtta F. Bergman, and Robert H. Stratman. Sep 78,
138p
Contract EQ7AC003
Sponsored in part by Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Food and Drug Admin-
istration, Washington, DC.
A Regulated Chemicals System, or a Chemical Regu-
lations and Guidelines System, was recommended in
the Mitre Report as one of the core components of the
Chemical Sustances Information Network (CSIN).
Under a contract with the Council on Environmental
Quality and the Information Exchange Group of the
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Sigma Data
has conducted a study of the general design require-
ments for implementing such a system. Potential users
of information pertaining to regulated toxic substances
in the Federal community and in the private sector
were surveyed in order to identify the primary user re-
quirements. Based upon this survey, Sigma Data de-
signed an ideal, proposed system to meet the speci-
fied informational and operational requirements.
These included chemical-specific access, a differenti-
ation between chemical use and/or application, and
an awareness of current regulatory activity.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Chemical Industry,
'Design, Requirements, Objectives, Implementation,
Regulations, Guidelines, Data collection, User needs,
Information flow, Data bases. Compliance, 'Chemical
information systems.
PB-292 722/6 PC A15/MF A01
Carpools, Vanpools, and High Occupancy Prefer-
ence Lanes: Cost Effectiveness and Feasibility,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Long Range Planning Group.
William H. Cromwell, Arnold J. Bloch, Granville H.
Sewell, Gregory K. Ingram, and E. J. Bentz, Jr. May 77,
344p
Prepared in cooperation with Council on the Environ-
ment of New York City, Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc.,
New York City, and Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA.
Dept. of Economics.
The report looks at the reductions in vehicle miles trav-
eled (VMT) and air pollution that can be accomplished
with voluntary transportation control measures. The
measures studied are carpool/vanpool programs and
preferential highway lanes for buses and other high oc-
cupancy vehicles (HOVL). The report examined trans-
portation control programs in four major metropolitan
areas to analyze what factors affect the programs' ef-
fectiveness. Based on empirical data and use of a
computer model, the report predicts that carpools,
vanpools, and HOLV's may reduce car use 2-3% and
save travelers millions of dollars. The costs of these
programs are generally small compared to their bene-
fits, except where new highway lanes are built for use
as potential lanes. However, the study concludes that
major reductions in air pollution may not be accom-
plished unless mandatory traffic controls are also
used. The study also describes how people travel to
work In 124 major metropolitan areas and includes
case studies of carpool, vanpool and HOVL programs
in use In both urban and less-densely populated areas.
Keywords: 'Traffic engineering, 'Urban transportation,
•Cost effectiveness, Traffic engineering, Metropolitan
December 1983 625
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
areas, Motor vehicles, Air pollution, Vehicular traffic
control, Mathematical models, Predictions, Urban
areas, Simulation, Car pools, Van pools, 'Preferential
lanes, Work travel patterns, Case studies.
PB-292 726/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Proton Scattering Analysis for Light Elements In
Air Paniculate Matter. Final rept. May 74-Jul 78,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Physics.
J. William Nelson. G. M. Hudson, H. C. Kaufmann, W.
J. Courtney, and I. Williams. Nov 7B, 59p EPA/600/2-
78/213
GrantEPA-R-802913
Proton scattering analysis has been developed to pro-
vide light element analyses as a complementary
method to x-ray analysis. Samples of air paniculate
matter from both filter and impaction devices have
been analyzed and time sequence and particle size in-
formation obtained. In combination with x-ray analysis,
total mass may be determined by summation of ele-
mental masses; however, further investigation is
needed to compare with the gravimetric method. Like
x-ray analysis, it has a broad range, and Is rapid, sub-
ject to automation, and non-destructive of the pre-
pared sample. Analyses of typical atmospheric sam-
ples may be performed in five minutes or less. With fur-
ther development, the method can readily be ad-
vanced from experimental to routine usage.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Proton scatter-
ing, X ray analysis, Samples, Chemical analysis,
Carbon, Mass.
PB-292 735/8 PC A10/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Social Decision-Making for High Consequence,
Low Probability Occurrences. Final rept. 1975-77,
National Planning Association, Washington, DC.
Oct 78,220p' EPA/600/5-78/121
Contract EPA-68-01-3228
Prepared in cooperation with Haldi Associates, Inc.,
New York.
Part I reviews the two main classes of criteria pro-
posed for social decisions: (1) market mechanisms
and cost-benefit analysis and (2) the approaches of
Rawls and Buchanan to arrive at a social consensus.
The authors propose an eight element r'iteria for eval-
uating a social decision process capable of application
in judicial, legislative, academic, and managerial situa-
tions. Parts If and III are case studies of different deci-
sion procedures. The former inspects the administra-
tive law procedure using the U.S. EPA chlordane/hep-
tachlor suspension hearings for example. The legal
procedure is concluded to oe a forward-looking deci-
sion process in an effort to increase social acceptabil-
ity of the outcome. The latter examines the disjointed
decision procedure concerning the disposal of nuclear
waste. In both cases the eight criteria proposed in Part
I nevertheless provide a useful tool for evaluating the
process.
Keywords: 'Decision making, 'Risk, 'Pesticides, 'Ra-
dioactive wastes, 'Waste disposal, Economic impact,
Environments, Benefit cost analysis, Legislation, Na-
tional government, Administrative law, Sociology,
Public opinion, Probability theory, Chlordan, Hepta-
chlor, Technology assessment, Insecticides, Regula-
tions, Pollution, TRlsk benefit analysis, Environmental
issues, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB-292 742/4 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Arkansas Lakes.
Rept. for 15 Mar 74-20 Nov,74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
J. W. Hilgert, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
and L R. Williams. Dec 78,60p EPA/600/3-78/101
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report representing the species and
abundance of phytoplankton in the 16 lakes sampled
by the National Eutrophication Survey in the State of
Arkansas. Results from the calculation of several
water quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Tro-
phic State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index,
and species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, "Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Sampling, Abundance, Water quality, Indexes(Ratios),
Arkansas, Species diversity, 'Eutrophication, Bioindi-
cators, Trophic level.
PB-292 748/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of the Use of Fugitive Emission Con-
trol Devices. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. P. Daugherty, and D. W. Coy. Feb 79,86p EPA/
600/7-79/045
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report compares the efficiencies and utility con-
sumptions expected from three fugitive emission con-
trol techniques-building evacuation, charged fog
sprays, and water sprays with additives-if they were
applied in primary lead and copper smelters. Estimates
are provided of the reduction of total suspended partic-
ulate emissions and the reduction of elemental lead
emissions from smelters when fugitive control is ap-
plied. Charged fog water sprays are emphasized; they
enhance paniculate collection by putting an electro-
static charge on fine water droplets. Building enclosure
and evacuation is used as a basis with which such
water sprays are compared. Available cost and energy
consumption data were used to assess the competi-
tiveness of charged fog sprays. Charged fog sprays
were found to be less efficient than building evacua-
tion, but also less expensive and less energy intensive
by about a factor of 10. Charged fog sprays cannot re-
place conventional smelter techniques (e.g., second-
ary hooding or building evacuation) because they are
not suitable for the typical large-volume, high-tempera-
ture, turbulent air streams. They are better suited for
smaller scale, localized emission sources (e.g., con-
veyor transfer points) which contribute only a traction
of the fugitive paniculate emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Assessments, Smelt-
ers, Lead(Metal), Particles, Electrostatics, Design cri-
teria, Copper, Additives, 'Fugitive emissions, Copper
smelters.
PB-292 749/9 PC A03/MF A01
Stability Evaluation of Ambient Concentrations of
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitric Oxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide
Contained In Compressed Gas Cylinders,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
Berne I. Bennett. Feb 79,33p EPA/600/4-79/006
Compressed gas samples of sub-part per million con-
centrations of sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen
dioxide were evaluated for long and short term stabil-
ity. Except for several stainless steel tanks, the sam-
ples were contained in aluminum cylinders. A degree
of stability was achieved over the short term, however,
all of the samples were considered unstable over the
term of the evaluations. Utilization of ambient level
compressed gas samples may be considered where
relative stability is required for no more than two or
three months.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Gas cylinders, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Nitrogen dioxide, Stability,
Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Calibrating, Aluminum, Air pollution
detection.
PB-292 750/7 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of an Extended Aeration Process for
Skokomlsh Salmon Processing Wastewater Treat-
ment. Final rept.,
Kramer, Chin and Mayo, Seattle, WA.
S. S. Lin, and Paul B. Liao. Jan 79,130p EPA/600/2-
79/027
Grant EPA-S-803911
Sponsored in part by Skokomish Tribal Council, Shel-
ton, WA.
The project evaluated (full-scale) an extended aeration
biological treatment system on salmon processing
wastewater. During the first years evaluation the de-
tention time in the aeration basin averaged 17 days
(range 3 to 49 days). This was due to the plant proc-
essing significantly less salmon than anticipated. The
BOD removal averaged over 90 percent (effluent
about 50 mg/l). A smaller aeration tank and settling
tank were designed and installed to evaluate shorter
and more reasonable detention times. The detention
time in this system ranged from 0.3 to 9.2 days ana av-
eraged 4.4 days. BOD removal averaged about 80 per-
cent. The effluent BOD and SS concentrations aver-
aged 128 and 86 mg/l, respectively. The economic
evaluation indicated the total treatment costs per Kxg
of large and small salmon processed were $5.7o anu
$9.55, respectively.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, •Industrial
waste treatment, 'Performance evaluation, Food proc-
essing, Salmon, Aeration tanks, Design critena, tm-
ciency, Biochemical oxygen demand, Aeration, He-
moval, Cost analysis, Washington(State), Organic
loading.
PB-292 751/5 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. , _„,.
Optical Instrument for In-Stack Monitoring of W
tlcle Size. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 78,
Leeds and Northrup Co., North Wales, PA. .,
A. L. Wertheimer, and M. N. Trainer. Feb 79,78p EPA/
600/2-79/032
Contract EPA-68-02-2447
A new light scattering instrument for in-situ meas-
urements of particulates in the 0.2 to 10.0 micrometer
diameter size range is described. Two modes of sea'
tering are used, each with two wavelengths of ligni.'"
generate five size fractions by volume from a ° striou
flon of particulates. One mode measures P"lar'zTr
light scattered in two orthogonal orientations at s"
angle of 90 degrees to the optical probe beam, iJ"•
second mode measures light scattered in nearforwaro
angles (4 to 11 degrees). Both modes allow the extrac-
tion of size data when particles of different sizes »"»
present simultaneously in the sensing region, ines"
principles have been incorporated into a Prot
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sK al!? revlews the results of an interdisciplinary
!!™y canted out by the authors. The authors recom-
mana a guideline of 50 micrograms Mo/L for the maxi-
mum concentration in drinking water.
ds: 'Molybdenum, 'Potable water, 'Toxicol-
r§* Guidelines, Humans, Plants(Botany), Animals,
^ncentrationtComposition), Occurrence, Metabo-
i^l' .i-hemical analysis, Biochemistry, Excretion,
"igestion(Biology), Toxicity, Recommendations,
waff'08] Properties, Experimental data, Drinking
•MM Er)viror"1nental health, 'Toxic substances,
neavy metals, Maximum permissible exposure, Bio-
l°9«al effects, 'Water pollution effects(Humans).
p!**98 '56/4 PC A03/MF A01
VegasnNvrtal Monltorin9 and SuPP°rt Lab- Las
*y W*ter QualltV Monitoring - A System*
of tnis rePort is to describe and analyze
regulatory monitoring system as it exists
total Bnd to develop an overall perspective of the
terir«?y 8rn- Tnis involves a review of regulatory moni-
lauS Proses 'hat have been identifiedrover the past
aMkiear8' categorizing and delineating the monitoring
jjrj^roes associated with regulatory monitoring, and
.Vjwopment of a regulatory monitoring system matrix
J^eh provides an overall perspective ofthe interac-
1 "sween monitoring purposes and activities.
: *M°™toring, National government, Water
>. Reflulations, Management planning, Sites,
stt>ndards, Data acquisition, Data analysis,
quality, 'Water pollution sampling.
Hatft2 ZB7/2 PC A04/MF A01
park NC 8 Resaarch Lah- Research Triangle
SjJSJlSPmsnt of Isolated Mammalian Embryo
|«cfinlquM for Toxic Substances Screwing,
^Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
7Jn PD] lams' Q- s- lnman. and L. C. Ulberg. Jan 79,
A-68-02-1 769
ofSntial screen for assessing teratogenic potential
invrSrpound.s in mammals was tested. The technique
hire K rf. in9 'sorted mammalian embryos in cul-
rect exposure to agents. Embryos from three
f mammals were used; the mouse, rabbit and
our diff«rent substances were studied; 5-fluor-
<>oadmiLim' cacodylic acid and sodium chloride.
vonL 30° embryos from mice were used in the de-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-292 818/2 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Investigation of Chlorinated and Nonchlorlnated
Compounds In the Lower Fox River Watershed.
Final rept.,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
Water Quality Evaluation Section.
Joseph Ball, Francis Priznar, and Paul Peterman. Sep
78,235p EPA/905/3-78/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4186
This report concerns the existence, source and fate of
chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic compounds in
the Lower Fox River of Wisconsin. Raw and treated
wastewaters, surface water, seston, snowmelt, sedi-
ment, fish and clams were sampled. A total of 105
compounds were identified and an additional 20 com-
pounds were characterized by GC/MS. Twenty identi-
fied compounds are on the U.S. EPA Consent Decree
Priority Pollutant List. The study shows PCBs and
some other chloro-organics In effluents are reduced by
efficient suspended solids removal. It is possible, but
not proven, that some chloro-organics are formed by
process or effluent chlorination. Clams were found to
rapidly bioaccumulate PCBs. Fish fillet samples con-
tained PCB concentrations up to 90 mg/kg. Sediments
throughout most of the river were found to be contami-
nated with PCBs. An extensive bibliography is includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Water
analysis, 'Fox River Watershed, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Pesticides,
Fishes, Clams, Industrial wastes, Sources, Sampling,
Extraction, Paper industry, Sewage treatment, Sedi-
ments, Wisconsin, 'Water pollution detection, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Biological samples, Path of pol-
lutants, Biphenyl/perchloro.
PB-292 820/8 PC A05/MF A01
Characterization of the EPA/IERL-RTP Pilot-Scale
Precipitator. Rept. for Sep 77-May 78,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
P. A. Lawless, B. E. Daniel, and G. H. Ramsey. Feb 79,
86p EPA/600/7-79/052
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report describes the EPA/IERL-RTP pilot scale
electrostatic precipitator, a research device used for
testing and verifying new precipitator concepts and
models of precipitator operation. It describes the basic
capabilities of the precipitator, and contains meas-
urements of precipitator operating characteristics
which were obtained in the first months of investiga-
tion. The precipitator performed to its design specifica-
tions in initial tests, and its utility as a research tool was
quickly established. Several proposed experiments
which will be performed on the precipitator are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Temperature, Aerosols, Forecasting, Particle
size distribution, Flow measurement.
PB-292 837/2 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Assessment: Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry
Water Effluents. Final rept. Aug 77-Oct 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
W. J. Search, J. R. Klieve, G. D. Rawlings, J. M. Nyers,
and R. B. Reznik. Jan 79,105p MRC-DA-869, EPA/
600/2-79/019B
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-253 479.
The report describes a study of waterborne pollutants
from the manufacture of nitrogen fertilizers. It Includes
an evaluation of the ammonia, ammonium nitrate,
urea, and nitric acid manufacturing processes. Water
effluents in a nitrogen fertilizer plant originate from a
variety of point and nonpoint sources. Major compo-
nents in the effluents are ammonia nitrogen, nitrate ni-
trogen, and organic nitrogen. The potential environ-
mental impact of nitrogen fertilizer effluents was evalu-
ated by comparing the concentration of a particular
pollutant in a receiving stream as a result of discharge
to an acceptable concentration (hazard factor). The
ratio of these two values is the source severity. At a
mean receiving water flow rate and the average
stream pH of 7.6, all severities were below 0.05. Con-
trol technologies, available and in use at some nitro-
gen fertilizer plants, include containment, steam and
air stripping, urea hydrolysis, biological treatment, ion
exchange, and condensate reuse.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Fertilizers, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Assessments, Performance
evaluation, Sources, Ammonia, Ammonium nitrate,
Urea, Nitric acid, Containment, Stripping, Hydrolysis,
Ion exchanging, Condensates, Design criteria, Trends,
Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-292 844/8 PC A02
Radiance Estimates from Truncated Observa-
tions,
National Environmental Satellite Service, Washington,
DC.
David S. Crosby, and Kenneth S. Glasser. Nov 78,6p
NOAA-79010505
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v17 n11 p1712-
1715 Nov 78. Prepared in cooperation with American
Univ., Washington, DC.
In many experiments where radiation emitted from the
surface or lower atmosphere is to be measured, a fun-
damental difficulty is the presence of clouds. In this
paper a technique is developed and described which
uses a number of small fields-of-view to estimate the
clear radiance. Specifically, it is assumed that some of
these small fields-of-view are cloud-free and that the
difference between the measured radiance from these
cloud-free areas is due to instrument noise, which is
normal with known standard deviation. Then the tail of
the normal distribution is used to estimate the clear ra-
diance. An example is provided.
Keywords: 'Radiance, Measurement,
Clouds(Meteorology), Estimates, Normal density func-
tions, 'Atmospheric transmissivity, Remote sensing,
Reprints.
PB-292 855/4 PC A04/MF A01
Radlofrequency Radiation Levels and Population
Exposure In Urban Areas of the Eastern United
States. Technical rept,
Office of Radiation Programs, Silver Spring, MD.
T. W. Athey, R. A. Tell, N. N. Hankin, D. L. Lambdin,
and E. D. Mantiply. May 78,52p EPA/520/2-77/008
As part of a program to determine the need for envi-
ronmental radiofrequency exposure standards, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began measur-
ing levels of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation in
urban areas of the United States in October 1975. By
October 1976 surveys in seven selected cities of the
Eastern United States had been completed, namely,
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, Philadel-
phia, and Washington, DC. This report describes the
measurement system, presents a summary of the en-
vironmental measurements, and gives one method of
predicting population exposure from the environmental
measurements. Environmental data were collected
with a van mounted system consisting of antennas, a
spectrum analyzer, and a minicomputer. Meas-
urements were made in seven frequency bands be-
tween 0.01 and 900 MHz in which pilot studies had in-
dicated that the most significant environmental expo-
sures occur. Environmental data were collected at 193
sites in the seven cities. Values of power density inte-
grated over the frequency range from 55 to 900 MHz
generally fall into the range between 0.001 and 1.0
microwatt per square centimeter with a median site
value of about 0.01 microwatt per square centimeter. A
model was developed which can be used to extrapo-
late the measured data to other points within the seven
cities. Estimates of population exposure were obtained
by combining this model with an automated population
data base.
Keywords: 'Radio frequencies, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Statistical data, Equipment, Pennsylvania, Expo-
sure, Populations, Standards, Measurement, Urban
areas, Surveys, Prediction, Data collection, Mathemat-
ical models, United States, Georgia, Massachusetts, Il-
linois, Florida, New York, Environmental health, East-
ern Region(United States), Environmental Protection
Agency, 'Nonionizing radiation, Atlanta(Georgia),
BostontMassachusetts), Chicago(llllnois),
Mlami(Florida), New York City(New York),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), District of Columbia.
PB-292 858/8 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincmnan,
OH. _
Post Biological Solids Characterization and Re-
moval from Pulp Mill Effluents. Final rept. Jul '<>-
Jan 77,
CH2M Hill, Inc., Corvallis, OR. __..
R. R. Peterson, and J. L. Graham. Jan 79,105p EPA/
600/2-79/037
Contract EPA-78-03-2424
The study characterized the post biological s°lid8.jj]
pulp and paper mill secondary effluent and ev;?'ua*^r
various suspended solids removal techniques. Cnarac-
terization was performed on samples from 9 mills, rep-
resenting various locations, pulping processes ana
treatment system types. Results indicate the sol ds are
mostly biological in nature. Coagulation by alum in con-
junction with a cationic polymer appeared to proviae
the best results. Six solids removal techniques were
tested but only mixed media filtration and sand til Mo-
tion appeared effective enough to warrant further in-
vestigation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Paper industry,
'Filtration, Flocculants, Solids, Separation, Coagula-
tion, Alums, Design criteria, Industrial waste treatment,
Technology.
PB-292 866/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnan.
OH.
Color Removal from NSSC Mill Effluents by Ultra-
filtration. Final rept. 1 Oct 77-30 Jun 78,
Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wl.
Peter E. Parker, Mahendra R. Doshi, and Hardev S.
Dugal. Jan 79,55p EPA/600/2-79/036
Grant EPA-R-805502-01-0
The feasibility of ultrafiltration in removing color frorn
NSSC effluent was studied. The diluted shower water
from the nearest NSSC mill of Green Bay Packaging;
Inc. was used in all experiments. Tubular membrane
modules with membranes (polysulfone, molecular
weight cut off point between 6,000 and 20,000) on out-
side of tubes, were used in these experiments. Resuj»
show that ultrafiltration is feasible but expensive. Color
rejection was about 90%, and flux rate only about 25it
sq m hr. Reasons for low color removal efficiency W
lime treatment were examined. Our preliminary resu'J*
indicate that carbohydrates are not responsible for tne
low efficiency.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Decoloring.
'Paper industry, Industrial waste treatment, Feasibility.
Performance evaluation, Filtration, Calcium oxides,
Economics, Membranes, 'Ultrafiltration, Toxic sun-
stances.
PB-292 875/2 . PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO-
Office of Drinking Water. .
Epidemiologies! Studies of Cancer Frequency ana
Certain Organic Constituents of Drinking Water. A
Review of Recent Literature Published and Un-
published. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Sep 78,35p
Contract EPA-68-04-3t69
The epidemiological studies (published and unpub-
lished) which comprise the sum total of epidemiolofl-
ical work on the subject of trihalomethanes in drinking
water, were reviewed by the subcommittee. The sub-
committee summarized the various studies, made a
critical assessment, pointed out where it believes the
evidence is deficient, and discussed the potential for
further research on this subject. The probabilities ot
false associations when many comparisons are made
were also considered when final conclusions were
made.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Potable water, Halogen
organic compounds, Reviews, Louisiana, Mississippi
River, Statistical data, Concentration(Composition),
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio River, New York,
Cancer, Drinking water, Pittsburgh(Pennsylvania), Los
Angeles County(California), Washington
County(Maryland).
628 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
H*M MO/2 PC A19/MF A01
«ngi?p Envlronmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
of Combuttlon Modification! to In-
.,Tustln,CA.
<$*'• H- J- Buening, W. A. Carter, P. K. Engel,
C' Hunter- F«b 79. 446P KVB-8002-734A,EPA/
.
Contract EPA-68-02-2144
ment provides raw data from a study of the
•B.U? ot combustion modifications on air pollutant
!"*fw>ns from a variety of industrial combustion
JWment. Tested were 22 units, Including refinery
Si™988 Beaters; clay and cement kilns; steel and alu-
minum furnaces; boilers burning black liquor, wood-
o« 1 "T11 co Qts; Internal combustion engines; and
S? turbine combined cycles. Process variables, fuel
»ti£Lexce88 alr reduction, burner adjustments, and
I2£r combustion were evaluated primarily for their
JJJJM on NOx emissions. Emissions of NOx, SOx, CO,
Souil* were measured on all units. Emissions of par-
Jrjaie mass and size, trace species, and organlcs
RMM measured on selected units. This data supple-
that 8 '"'aided for researchers who wish to perform
m«r own detailed calculations.
{Bywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion, Indua-
*8Hi Revisions, Tables(Data), Performance
, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
Boilers, Furnaces, Fossil fuels,
ltlon), Staged combustion,
CAAftB893'5 CPTO«
;£:!** . Computer Assisted Area Source Emls-
S?W » Qrlddlng Procedure. Software,
p^onniental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
2"*. NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Dlv.
wrorne B. Mersch. Mar 78, mag tape EPA/DF-79/002
r.«.,iT -pa I* In EBCDIC character set. Character set
IrtonlS?8 Preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
in\tM recording mode by specifying density only. Call
InNn-T^mputer Products If you have questions. Price
lnciu, Alr Quality maintenance, Emission factors,
J*»a Implementation Plans, Point sources, Area
Puten?8' CAASE computer programe, IBM-370 com-
PB-292 831/3 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnatl,
OH.
Level 1 Environmental Assessment Performance
Evaluation. Final rept. Jun 77-Oct 78,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Eva D. Estes, Franklin Smith, and Denny E. Wagoner.
Feb 79,174p EPA/800/7-79/032
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of a two-phased evaluation of
Level 1 environmental assessment procedures. Re-
sults from Phase I, a field evaluation of the Source As-
sessment Sampling System (SASS), showed that the
SASS train performed well within the desired factor of
3 Level 1 accuracy limit. Three sample runs were
made with two SASS trains sampling simultaneously
and from approximately the same sampling point In a
horizontal duct. A Method-5 train was used To estimate
the 'true' paniculate loading. The sampling systems
were upstream of the control devices to ensure collec-
tion of sufficient material for comparison of total panic-
ulate, particle size distribution, organic classes, and
trace elements. Phase II consisted of providing each of
three organizations with three types of control samples
to challenge the spectrum of Level 1 analytical proce-
dures: an artificial sample In methylene chloride, an ar-
tificial sample on a flyash matrix, and a real sample
composed of the combined XAD-2 resin extracts from
all Phase I runs. Phase II results showed that when the
Level 1 analytical procedures are carefully applied,
data of acceptable accuracy Is obtained. Estimates of
Intralaboratory and Interlaboratory precision are made.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Assessments, Trace ele-
ments, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Arsenic, Mercury(Metal), Anti-
mony, Mass spectroscopy, Inorganic compounds, In-
frared spectroscopy, Field tests, Panicle size distribu-
tion, Concentration(Composltton), Organic com-
pounds, *Alr pollution detection, *Air pollution sam-
pling, Source Assessment Sampling System, Proce-
dures.
PB-292 847/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Environmental Management and Energy Facility
Siting In the Coastal Zone. Final rept.
Seton, Johnson, and Odell, Inc., Portland, OR.
25Aug78,161p
Contract EPA-68-01-3955
Prepared in cooperation with Cogan and Associates,
Portland, OR.
This report studied the issue of integrating air and
water quality planning, coastal zone management, and
energy facility siting activities In coastal areas of Cali-
fornia, Oregon, anoTWashington. The study considered
exploration, extraction, refining, storage, transfer, and
shipment of oil and gas; thermal power plants; and
construction and fabrication yards for oil drilling equip-
ment to be used on the outer continental shelf. After
Identifying problems in the regulatory process, recom-
mendations were developed to deal with these prob-
lems and Included suggestions to consolidate the
state and federal environmental review procedures,
reduce duplication in permit applications, and clarify
interagency relationships.
Keywords: 'Coastal zone management, 'Site surveys,
'Regional planning, Environmental Impacts, Water
quality, Crude oil, Natural gas, Thermal power plants,
Government policies, National government, Regula-
tions, Legislation, Decision making, State government,
Recommendations, California, Oregon,
Washlngton(State), 'Energy facilities, Alr quality. Envi-
ronmental quality, Outer continental shelves, 'Energy
source development.
PB-292 948/7 PC A11 /MF A01
New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Tren-
ton. Program on Environmental Cancer and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The Spatial Distribution of Cancer Mortality and of
High and Low Rlak Factors In the New Jersey-
New York-Philadelphia Metropolitan Regions,
1950-1869. Part I,
Livingston Coll., New Brunswick, NJ.
Michael R. Greenberg. Jan 79,235p NJDEP-79/01
The report clearly demonstrates that there are identifi-
able geographic patterns of cancer mortality In the 49
counties comprising the New York-New Jersey-Phila-
delphia metropolitan region. This Indicates that specif-
ic factors are Involved, which are potentially identifi-
able through further research. Many such factors were
Investigated, and a number of them, related to both
high and low risk, were evaluated and described.
There are some factors which appear more often than
others: degraded alr quality, ethnic background, the
presence of workers In certain Industries, socioeco-
nomic level, the source of drinking water, motor vehi-
cle traffic and diet, in particular. Because of the fact
that the data used were available only at the county
level, and because some of the data were more com-
plete and sound than others, the strength of the statis-
tical correlations derived from the data varied. In brief,
the study does not point to any one factor or group of
factors as being 'responsible' tor the high cancer mor-
tality rates in this region. Rather, It presents a number
of high and low risk factors, and points to those which
need to be evaluated In much greater detail.
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Malignant neoplasms, Pennsyl-
vania, New York, New Jersey, Death, Evaluation, Ge-
ography, Alr pollution, Risk, Males, Females, Statistical
data, Toxicology, Ethnic groups, Socloeconomlc fac-
tors, Potable water, Diets, Nutrition, Epidemiology, Ve-
hicular traffic, Urban areas, Distribution, 'Health risks,
'Cancer, Environmental factors, Drinking water,
Phlladelphla(Pennsylvanla), Health statistics, Toxic
substances.
PB-292 967/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Microphone Windscreen Performance. Final rept.,
National Engineering Lab. (NBS), Washington, DC.
Acoustical Engineering Dlv.
Robert N. Hosier, and Paul R. Donavan. Jan 79,85p
NBSIR-79-1599
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
Measurements were made of the wind-Induced noise
and acoustic insertion loss of ten microphone wind-
screens. Eight of these were reticulated polyester
spheres of varying porosity. The other two were the
metal cage type typically used in long term outdoor
noise monitoring. The measurements were made
under laboratory conditions for normal and grazing
flow incidence at wind speeds up to 14 m/sec. The
data show that the windscreens are very different in
the amount of wind-induced noise reduction they pro-
vide, with some achieving more than 25 dB. In general
the foam windscreens provided more wind-Induced
noise reduction than the cage windscreens; however,
the cylindrical cage windscreen performed better than
any of the foam windscreens for normal flow inci-
dence. The Insertion loss measurements proved diffi-
cult to make because of the small Insertion losses en-
countered. However, data for grazing flow and normal
acoustic incidence show no strong velocity depend-
ence for any of the windscreens tested. Examination
of the wind-induced noise spectra provided significant
insight Into the noise generating mechanisms associ-
ated with flow around a porous sphere. Effects of
inflow turbulence, self-generated turbulence, mean
flow, flow through the sphere, and flow incidence
angle were identified. Test results are provided In the
form of curves and tables for easy use in evaluating
potential wind noise levels in outdoor measurements.
Keywords: 'Microphones, 'Shielding, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Performance, Wlnd(Meteorology), Noise(Sound),
Insertion loss, Polyester resins, Spheres, Foam, Pro-
tectors, Tables, 'Windscreens.
PB-292 968/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Hazardous or Difficult to Handle Waste Survey
Report.
North Carolina Dept. of Human Resources, Raleigh.
Solid Waste and Vector Control Branch.
Oct78,85p
Grant EPA-L-004263-01-1
Color illustrations reproduced In black and white.
The report documents various types of waste with
which the state needs to be concerned. It provides a
good indication of the quantity and geographical distri-
bution of the wastes found in the seven S.I.C. codes
surveyed (S.I.C. 22,27. 28, 33,34,35 and 36). Statisti-
cal application projected this Information to provide a
December 1983 629
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
better picture of Industry and associated waste prob-
lems statewide by county and S.I.C. code.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous materi-
als, 'Liquid wastes, 'Surveys, Textile industry, Chemi-
cal industry, Metal industry, Machinery, Printing, Elec-
tronic equipment, Sites, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), North Carolina, SIC 22,
SIC 27, SIC 28, SIC 33, SIC 34, SIC 35, SIC 36.
PB-282 996/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Commuter Exposure Modeling Methodologies.
Final rept. Sep 77-Oct 78,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Patricia B. Simmon, and Robert M. Patterson. Feb 79,
168p EPA/600/4-79/010
Contract EPA-68-02-2754
Two methodologies for modeling commuter exposures
are proposed: computer-oriented approach and a
manual approach. Both modeling methodologies re-
quire that major commuter routes, or pathways, be
identified and that the traffic on the remainder of the
roadway network be treated as background pollutant
sources. Since the majority of pathway exposure is ex-
pected to result from emissions on the pathway itself,
the emissions and dispersion of non-pathway source
pollutant are handled in a simple fashion. Pathway traf-
fic undergoes a more sophisticated treatment in that
congestion and delay due to signallzation are account-
ed for and emissions are computed accordingly. The
methodology used to simulate the dispersion of path-
way emissions utilizes three separate dispersion treat-
ments, according to whether the roadway is limited-
access, non-limited access, or a street canyon.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "Math-
ematical models, Motor vehicles, Highways, Roads,
Exposure, Methodology, Statistical data, Evaluation,
Computerized simulation, Traffic, Dispersions, Numeri-
cal analysis, Humans, "Commuters, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB-293 013/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl,OH. '
New Approaches to the Preservation ol Contami-
nants In Water Samples. Final rept. 1 Sep 76-31 Aug
78,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
J. Saxena, and E. Nies. Jan 79,59p EPA/600/4-79/
007
Grant EPA-R-804609010
The potential of antibiotics, chemical biocides and lytic
enzymes in preserving nutrients, biological oxygen
demand and oil and grease in water and sewage ef-
fluents was studied. Preliminary studies concerning
the effect of drugs on cell growth and oxygen utiliza-
tion in samples stored at room temperature led to the
selection of chlorhexidine, vantocil and many combi-
nations each containing three antibiotics from among
polymyxin B, neomycin, erythromycln, streptomycin
and chloramphenlcol. The effective concentration
range was approximately equal to SO micrograms/ml
each antibiotic for clean waters and as high as 200 mi-
crograms/ml each antibiotic for heavily polluted water
(e.g. primary effluents). Chlorhexidine and vantocil IB
stabilized nitrate and nitrite in fresh waters and rela-
tively clean secondary effluents only. Presence of anti-
biotics caused interference in determination of ortho-
phosphate. The antimicrobial agents tested interfered
with BOD determination by causing inhibition of
oxygen depletion and therefore were of no value for
preservation of this parameter. Efforts to selectively
remove and/or inactivate the drug before BOD deter-
mination were unsuccessful. Oil and grease levels
were stabilized by antibiotics for up to two weeks in rel-
atively dean waters only. The results demonstrate that
antibiotics offer a viable alternative to conventional
methods for preservation of some constituents and pa-
rameters in fresh water samples but not in sewage ef-
fluents.
Keywords: "Samples, "Preservatives, "Sewage,
"Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Storage, Cargo
transport, Nitrogen, Inorganic phosphates, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Oils, Greases, pH, Antibiotics, En-
zymes, Biocides, Substitutes, Stability, "Antimicrobial
agents, "Water pollution sampling.
PB-293 014/7 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Industrial Boilers - Fuel Switching Methods,
Costs, and Environmental Impacts. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. M. Burke, and M. D. Matson. Dec 78,182p* EPA/
450/3-78/123
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The potential for existing boilers to switch fuels from
natural gas or oil to oil, coal, or a coal derived fuel is
examined. Twenty possible fuel switching scenarios
are Identified. The technical aspects of switching fuels,
the capital and operating costs, and the environmental
effects are discussed. The influence of legislation such
as the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination
Act of 1974 (ESECAj, the Energy Policy and Conser-
vation Act of 1975 (EPCA), and the National Energy
Plan, is considered.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Environmental impacts, Industri-
al plants, Air pollution, Fuels, Cost estimates, Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Legisla-
tion, Regulations, Scenarios, Forecasting, "Fuel sub-
stitution, Industn'al sector, Energy Supply and Environ-
mental Coordination Act of 1974, Energy Policy and
Conservation Act of 1975, National Energy Plan.
PB-293 047/7 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acute and Chronic Toxlclty of HCN to Fish and In-
vertebrates. Final rept. Nov 73-Sep 78,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Entomology, Fish-
eries, and Wildlife.
Lloyd L Smith, Jr., Steven J. Broderius, Donavon M.
Oseid, Gary L. Kimball, and Walter M. Koenst. Jan 79,
130p EPA/600/3-79/009
Grant EPA-R-802914
Acute and chronic toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to
seven fish species and two invertebrates was deter-
mined in dynamic flow-through bioassays. The 96-hr
LC50 concentrations of HCN for juvenile fish ranged
from 57 micrograms/l for rainbow trout at 10C to 191
micrograms/l for field stock fathead minnows at 15C.
The fry and juvenile fish were similar in their sensitivity
to HCN with eggs the most tolerant stage. The 96-hr
LC50 concentrations for invertebrates ranged from
176 micrograms/l for Gammarus to 2328 micrograms/
I for Asellus at 18C. Long-term tests conducted with
fathead minnows demonstrated that the concentra-
tions of HCN having no adverse effect on egg produc-
tion was between 12.9 and 19.6 micrograms/L Chronic
tests with brook trout demonstrated that on the basis
of spawning success the maximum acceptable toxi-
cant concentration (MATC) was between 5.7 and 11.2
mlcrograms/l HCN. Long-term tests with bluegills
showed that no spawning occurred at HCN concentra-
tions as low as 5.2 micrograms/l. Chronic experiments
with invertebrates demonstrated that the highest con-
centration of HCN having no adverse effect was be-
tween 29 and 40 micrograms/l for Asellus and be-
tween 16 and 21 micrograms/l for Gammarus. Experi-
ments conducted with intermittent and sublethal diur-
nal exposure regimes demonstrated that adverse ef-
fects of early growth of the fathead minnow are less-
ened as the exposure period is reduced. Using the
toxic unit approach, it also was demonstrated that the
Zn-HCN and ammonia-HCN mixtures were more
acutely toxic and the Cr-HCN mixture less toxic than
what would be predicted from simply additive interac-
tion. This report covers a period from November 1,
1973 to September 30,1978.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Hydrogen cyanide, Fishes,
Invertebrates, Bioassay, Lethal dosage,
ConcentratlonjComposition), Sensitivity, Trout, Fresh-
water fishes, Growth, pH, Reproduction(Biology), Tox-
icity, Experimental design, Behavior, Exposure, "Toxic
substances, Brook trout, Bluegill sunfish, Fathead min-
nows, Pimephales promelas, Lepomis macrochirus.
PB-293 106/1 MF A01
Air Quality Data for Metals 1975 from the National
Air Surveillance Networks. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Raymond C. Rhodes, Donald H. Fair, J. E. Frazer, S. J.
Long, and W. A. Loseke. Oct 78,117p EPA/600/4-78/
059
See also report dated Aug 76, PB-260 905.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Microfiche copies only.
Paniculate pollutant data gathered during calenda
year 1975 by the cooperating stations of the Nationw
Air Surveillance Networks provide the basis for iisnrw
the urban and nonurban concentrations of 1 1 1 mel5r:
components of suspended paniculate matter. M
data are presented as a composite concentraflon
value for each site for each of the four quarters i ot we
calendar year; a yearly average is reported wneno»
valid data for all four quarters were obtained.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Metals, .'f
Tables(Data), Urban areas, Rural areas, Air
data, "National Air Surveillance Networks.
PB-293 118-SET .
Environmental Protection Agency, Research -
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standaroj
The Development of Mathematical Models for trw
Prediction of Anthropogenic Visibility Impairment
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Sep 78, 827p-in 3v
Set includes PB-293 1 1 9 thru PB-293 121.
No abstract available.
PB-293 119/4
- 4 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research inf'jy
ndaro*
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standaro*
The Development of Mathematical Models for trw
Prediction of Anthropogenic Visibility Impairment
Volume I. Final rept. Oct 77-Sep 78,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA. „
Douglas A. Latimer, Robert W. Bergstrom, Stanley n.
Hayes, Mei-Kao Liu, and John H. Seinfeld. Sep 78,
21 Op EF78-68A, EPA/450/3-78/ 1 1 0A
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3947, EPA-68-02-2593
See also Volume 2, PB-293 1 20. . „ , < a.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-293 n»
This report describes a nine-month study to
mend and develop models that predict the contnpu«°"
of man-made air pollution to visibility impairment in w«
era! Class I areas. Two models were developeo. £
near-source plume model based on a Gaussian >orn'"
lation was designed to compute the impact of a p unj
on visual range and atmospheric coloration. A r0Q'°"
model was designed to calculate pollutant concern™
tions and visibility impairment resulting from ernl8f,t Li
from multiple sources within a region with a spa""
scale of 1000 km and a temporal scale of several aay»j
The objective of this effort was to develop models nw
are useful predictive tools for making policy and regu
latory decisions, for evaluating the impacts ot P<"
posed new sources, and for determining the amoum «
emissions reduction required from existing sources, a
mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1»"-
Volume I of this report contains the main text.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Visi-
bility, Plumes, Atmospheric chemistry.
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, Sources,
Transport properties, Aerosols, Color, Forecasting
"Air quality, "Air pollution models, Atmospheric trans-
missivlty, Gaussian plume models.
PB-293 120/2 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triansp
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Development of Mathematical Models for trw
Prediction of Anthropogenic Visibility Impairment-
Volume II: Appendices. Final rept. Oct 77-Sep 78,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Douglas A. Latimer, Robert W. Bergstrom, Stanley "•
Hayes, Mei-Kao Liu, and John H. Seinfeld. Sep 78,
519p EF78-68B, EPA/450/3-78/1 10B
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3947, EPA-68-02-2593 „.„
See also Volume 1 , PB-293 1 1 9 and Volume 3, PB-29J
121.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-293 118- •
This report describes a nine-month study to recorn-
mend and develop models that predict the contribution
of man-made air pollution to visibility impairment in few-
era) Class I areas. Volume II contains the appendices.
The topics are the following: Analysis of visual range in
the Northern Great Plains and the Southwest; Atmos-
pheric optics calculation; The chemistry of sulfate for-
mation; Description of the plume visibility model;
Plume model sample output; Description of the Nortn-
ern Great Plains regional model; Application of the re-
630 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
.-.- T^6' to the prediction of visibility impairment in
Northern Great Plains.
kif|!J)*0.rds: *Air Pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Visi-
c, i/'.wm2sPheric motion, Trends, Diurnal variations,
?unates. Plumes, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution models,
' transmissivity, Great Plains
States), Southwest Region(United
121/0 PC MS/MF A01
BHU*?1 Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Th«tvL 9"ice of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ptarii «velopment of Mathematical Models for the
".of Anthropogenic Visibility Impairment
for selected scenar'08-
5J.?.™;'ls«PPIioations, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Hgj||™s A. Latimer, Robert W. Bergstrom, Stanley R.
clw680' epA/450/3-78/110C
Seaaff^[EPA-68-01 -3947, EPA-68-02-2593
Xslalso Volume 2- PB-293 120.
s=o available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB-293 118-
mJ8HrePort describes a nine-month study to recom-
of man develop models that predict the contribution
era r-i ade air Pollution to visibility impairment in fed-
PowarT88 areas- v?lume III presents case studies of
8ionm . P'urr|e visual impact for a variety of emis-
jol,"• ""weorological, and ambient background scenar-
bShT^n?: *Air Pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Visi-
tton 1.. e?tric power plants, Plumes, Sulfates, Reac-
Sulfiir H-161'08' ?20ne. Concentration(Composition),
hv .[.'oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Atmospheric chemis-
»i w quality, 'Air pollution models.
1 ?5|/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
on"llct?rlMtlon of Priority Pollutants from a Sec-
Final2 !~ead and B"ttery Manufacturing Facility.
...
, - Mezey. Jan 79,44p BATT-G-6617-0601,
^'600/2-79/039
Contract EPA-68-03-2
i-2552
old hi!8'?8 at which secondary lead is produced from
col f8. .ues was sampled utilizing the U.S. EPA proto-
Dlani L t!S Priority pollutants. The waste treatment
raml thls 8ite uses lime and settle techniques to
ch' ""^Pollutants from the wastewater before it is dis-
that th,? lnto a stream- The results of the study show
bain"16 concentration of benzene and cyanides were
le r detecti°n limits in all of the streams sam-
r, the concentrations of phenols were
8nt * ;™" Section limit in both the influent and efflu-
shrW ik treatment plant. The results of the study also
this «» 1ne lime and settle treatment practiced at
maJ"™ removes in excess of 90 percent of the lead,
oTSjiry, and zinc. The technique is slightly less effec-
Cen,'°J,.c°PPer and cadmium because of their low con-
erthoi 8 in the influent to the treatment plant. Nev-
o .
cadi»I- ' 'n excess of 70 percent of both copper and
conSr?1 was rer"oved. Because of the extremely low
thswi tons o* antimony, chromium, and nickel in
thn ii ent to the treatment plant, the effectiveness of
mew6 and settle treatment for the removal of these
Icteric C°U'd not ^ evaluated w|th any degree of con-
s: 'Water pollution, 'Lead(Metals), 'Electric
£-..,,, «,S| •|nt)ustria| wastes, Calcium oxides,
Kj"centration(Composition), Benzene, Cyanides,
"enols, Design criteria, Sampling.
Rob2*3 156/6 PC A05/MF A01
QJ«ert s. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Ty2Jand Recycling System for Animal Waste
Al
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rlzed for point and area sources In the St. Louis Air
Quality Control Region. Data for point sources were
collected for criteria and noncrlterla pollutants, hydro-
carbons, sulfur trloxlde, particle size distribution, and
heat. For area sources, data were collected on criteria
pollutants, hydrocarbons and heat. All the data have
been entered Into the RAPS Data Bank. Hourly values
are available for all point sources; locations are Identi-
fied by UTM coordinates (zone 15) to within + or -10
m. Area sources are assigned to a network of 1989
grid squares of variable size. The emission inventory Is
applicable for the years 1975 and 1976 and comple-
ments the RAPS aerometrlc data.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Inventories, Hydrocarbons,
Sulfur trloxlde, Particle size distribution, Regional plan-
ning, Metropolitan areas, Sources, Exhaust emissions,
Resldental buildings, Combustion products, Commer-
cial buildings, Missouri, Saint Louls(Missourl), Area
sources, Point sources, Fugitive emissions, Regional
Air Pollution Study.
PB-293 166/7 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Recovery, Processing, and Utilization of Gas from
Sanitary Landfills. Final rept. Mar 77-Sep 78,
Lockman and Associates, Monterey Park, CA.
Robert K. Ham, Kenneth K. Heklmian, Stanley L.
Katten, Wilbur J. Lockman, and Ronald J. Lofy. Feb 79,
147p* EPA/600/2-79/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2536
The report Is organized Into seven sections. Following
the Introduction and conclusions and recommenda-
tions, are sections describing: the three-component
gas generation phenomenon; analysis and compari-
son of alternative gas utilizations Including the proc-
esses necessary to prepare the gas for use; an evalua-
tion of various landfill design approaches and oper-
ations techniques that show promise for enhancing
gas generation, recovery efficiency and quality; recom-
mendations for research, development and demon-
stration projects deemed necessary to develop an
adequate data base to proceed with more in depth en-
gineering evaluations of the various options. Overall, it
Is shown that landfill gas recovery, processing and uti-
lization is technically feasible and can be economically
viable.
Keywords: 'Gas production, 'Earth fills, 'Methane,
'Solid waste disposal, Materials recovery, Utilization,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Feasibility,
Fuels, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Sites, Technology,
Decomposition, Refused derived fuels, Chemical feed-
stock, Land disposal, Manufactured gas, Synthetic
gas, 'Sanitary landfills.
PB-293 187/3 PC A14/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Design and Evaluation of • Terrestrial Model Eco-
system for Evaluation of Substitute Pesticide
Chemicals. Final rept. Jul 74-Sep 77,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champalgn. Inst for Environ-
mental Studies.
Robert L. Metcalf, Larry K. Cole, Susanne Q. Wood,
Douglas J. Mandel, and Mary L. Mllbrath. Jan 79,308p
EPA/600/3-79/004
Grant EPA-R-803249
Prepared In cooperation with Illinois Natural History
Survey, Urbana.
This grant was established to design a terrestrial
model ecosystem that was simple, Inexpensive, and
suitable for examining the total environmental fate of
radlolabeled pesticides In a soil crop model e.g. soil-
corn or soil-soybean. This was accomplished with the
practical development of a system in which corn or
soybeans are grown on 3 kg of typical Illinois soil types
contained in a 191 wide-mouth glass carboy fitted with
airtight lid and impingers to sample pesticide content In
aspirated air, and a bottom petcock to sample leach-
ate water. The units are housed In an environmental
growth chamber under 12 hours simulated daylight, at
26C. Emphasis was placed on tracing the fate of the
pesticide chemical and Its degradation products in soil,
air, water, phytoplankton and in the major food chain
organisms of the model ecosystems, e.g. Zea mays,
Glycine max, Lumbrlcus terrestrls, Umax maxlmus, Ar-
madillidium vulgare, Estlgmene acrea, and Microtus
ochregaster in the soil-plant phase; and Daphnia
magna, Culex pipiens qulnquefasciatus, Physa spp.,
and Qambusia affinls in the leachate water, the 14C-
labeled pesticides examined included DDT, methox-
ychlor, aldrln, dleldrln, fonofos, phorate, parathion,
methyl parathion, slmazlne, trlfluralin, 2,4,5-T isooctyl
ester, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, pen-
tachloronltrobenzene, and captan. Detailed summa-
ries of their fate and degradation, based on more than
20,000 analyses, are presented.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mathematical models, 'Eco-
systems, Isotoplc labeling, Soils, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, DDT, Dieldrin,
Microorganisms, Aldrln, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), 'Environmental chemi-
cal substitutes, Dyfonate, Path of pollutants, Methox-
ychlor, Benzene/nltro-pentachloro, Pherol/pentach-
loro, Captan, T 2-4-5 herbicide, Simazlne, Parathion,
Methyl parathion, Benzene/hexachloro, Phorate, Trl-
fluoralln.
PB-293 171/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ferroalloy Process Emissions Measurement. Final
rept. Nov 77-Mar 78,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. L. Rudolph, X C. Harris, Z. A. Grosser, and P. L.
Levins. Feb 79,191p EPA/600/2-79/045
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report gives results of sampling and analysis to
characterize and quantify paniculate, organic, and In-
organic chemical emissions In effluents from a totally
sealed metallurgical furnace at a ferroalloy plant. Ef-
fluents were sampled downstream of a venturl scrub-
ber during sillcomanganese production (Test I) and up-
stream of the scrubber during ferromanganese pro-
duction (Test II). Sampling and analysis methodology
was essentially that of EPA's Level 1 Environmental
Assessment procedure, supplemented by a specific
analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
Good agreement was observed between the results of
Level 1 organic analysis and the specific analysis of
PAH. Good agreement was also found between the
atomic absorption and spark source mass spectrosco-
pic analyses of As and Sb. Because the tests Involved
different ferroalloy production processes, their results
are not a quantitative measure of venturi scrubber effi-
ciency. However, the data Imply good paniculate re-
moval efficiency. The venturl scrubber also appears to
be effective for removal of polynuclear aromatlcs, es-
pecially species in the higher molecular weight range.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ferroalloys, 'Metal-
lurgical furnaces. Sites, Metal industry, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Extraction, Mass
spectroscopy, Ferromanganese, Particles,
Concentratlon(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Aromatic polycycllc hydrocarbons, Inorganic com-
pounds, Scrubbers, Atomic spectroscopy, *Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Air pollution detection, 'Venturl scrub-
bers, Air pollution control equipment, Procedures.
PB-293 172/3 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Pyrogenlc Activity of Carbon-Filtered Waters.
Final rept,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Harold W. Wolf, Bennle Joe Camp, and Scott J.
Hawkins. Feb 79,125p EPA/600/1-79/009
Grant EPA-R-804420
Prepared In cooperation with Texas Univ. Health Sci-
ence Center at San Antonio.
The endotoxln content and pyrc-genic response of
granular activated carbon (GAG) filtered waters were
studied. GAC-flltered secondary effluent from an acti-
vated sludge pilot plant contained free endotoxlns in
the range 6-250 mlcrograms/l yielding positive pyro-
genic responses in 18 of 20 trials. Samples obtained
from 27 different water supplies in the U.S. that utilize
GAC adsorption contained free endotoxin ranging
from 1.2-25 micrograms/l but none gave a pyrogenlc
response. No relationship was discernible between en-
dotoxln content and pyrogenic response. Small remov-
als of total organic carbon (TOC) by GAC beds which
had been in operation in water treatment plants with-
out regeneration for as long as 110 months were ob-
served. However, 5 of 28 samples showed an increase
in TOC through GAC and 8 of 28 samples showed an
Increase in standard plate count. One of 25 samples
yielded pseudomonads, but none of the 28 samples
contained conforms. Good correlations were observed
on non-disinfected AWT effluent samples between
standard plate count and total endotoxin (r = 0.945),
standard plate count and free endotoxin (r - 0.932,
and total conforms and free endotoxin (r = <>•*»«>•
Lack of good correlations, however, were obseryea in
assaying AWT samples that had been subject to inj
disinfecting procedures of chlorlnatlon, ozonation, pn
or UV Irradiation.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon, *Py£
ogens, Potable water, Filtration, Samples, Cornpan
son, Organic compounds, Biochemical oXfE.
demand, Disinfection, Adsorption, Public health, UP"
polysaccharideB, Chemical oxygen demand, enow-
toxins, Toxic substances, Drinking water.
PB-293 210/1 PC A06/MF Apl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn i«
angle Park, NC. . On
Fuel Contaminants: Volume 4. Application 01 w»
Agglomeration to Coal Wastss. Final rept. Aug "
Apr78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. , ,„
E. J. Mezey, Seongwoo Min, and Dale Folsom. Jan 78,
95p EPA/600/7-79/025B
Contract EPA-68-02-2112
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-256 020.
The report gives results of a study of the application of
oil agglomeration to coal wastes. There are an esnm«»
ed 3000-5000 sizeable active and abandoned coa
waste piles and Impoundments In the eastern U.S. COM
fields alone, containing 3 billion tons of refuse, pan °'
which are slurry ponds. The Impoundments, containing
coal fines from coal preparation/cleaning plants, are »
ready reserve of mined fuel for use In times of snoii
ages. It appears that oil agglomeration could cpntno-
ufe significantly to the removal of contaminants Wioro
the conversion process is undertaken. The ability w
agglomeration to dewater finely ground wet coal aiw
suggests further Incorporation of the process In any
environmentally sound preparation plant supply™
these conversion plants. Early studies indicated tnsi.
although agglomeration can effectively remove mucn
of the ash forming minerals, It was unable to separa"
the liberated pyrite from coal. This program was un°*j
taken to investigate several approaches, wm""%
during the first phase, to enhance pyrite remov"}
during agglomeration and to demonstrate the utility or
the technology to reduce the environmental Irnpaci'?
Increased quantities of coal cleaning refuse. Study <<£
suits show that the coal recovered Is of better quainy
than the coal now being shipped from the mine, In trwj
sulfur and ash values are lower. Coal value recovers
were greater than 90%.
Keywords: 'Fuel contaminants, 'Agglomeration.
'Coal preparation, Coal supplies, Dewafering, D*8"r
furization, Air pollution, Residues, Cost analysis, Fore-
casting, Slurries, Pyrite, Feasibility, Process charting.
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, soiy
wastes, 'Waste recycling, 'Air pollution abatement,
Procedures.
PB-293 225/9 PC A12/MF Apl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. .
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of the uir
nlte-Flred CAFB. Final rept. Jan 77-Oct 78,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Dlv.
A. S. Werner, C. W. Young, William Pilspanen, and B.
M. Myatt. Feb 79,257p GCA-TR-78-34-G, EPA/600/
7-79/048
Contract EPA-68-02-2632
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report gives results of a preliminary environmental
assessment (EA) of the lignite-fired Chemically Active
Fluid-Bed (CAFB) process. It follows an earlier EA 0'
the oil-fired CAFB. Waste streams contributing air ana
solid waste pollutants were evaluated in terms of emis-
sion rates and potential environmental effects. Em-
phasis is placed on flue gas emissions. As part of the
Investigation, a field sampling and laboratory analy*8
program was carried out to compile an emissions In-
ventory of the CAFB pilot plant at the Esso Researcn
Centre in Abingdon, England. In addition to the EA, an
economic evaluation of the oil-fired CAFB is presented
relative to alternative residual oil utilization techniques-
Finally, recommendations are made for further control
needs and emissions testing to be carried out in con-
(unction with the CAFB demonstration plant in San
Benlto, Texas. Paniculate emissions were less than
those from direct combustion of lignite using multi-
clones as a control. NOx emissions were quite low:
632 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
0-09 Ib/million Btu was the highest measured. Light or-
yanics were equal to those from conventional units;
™avv (> C6) emissions were lower. SOx emissions
"•we half the New Source Performance Standard for
coal-fired boilers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
^"9. Lignite, Assessments, Flue gases, Solid
"«8te disposal, Water pollution control, Combustion
&.J?ucts. Design criteria, Process charting, Boilers,
£"™r oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Field
Srr- Laboratory equipment, Economic analysis, Parti-
Brth!-"rjwmance evaluation, Trace elements, Great
???'in. Texas, 'Chemically active fluid bed process,
^QdonfJEngland), San BenitofTexas).
- 226/7 PC A03/MF A01
JljWocarbons In Houston Air. Rept. for Sep 73-Apr
l Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
.
j nT\ A- Lormeman, George R. Namie, and Joseph
"• oufalini. Feb 79, 44p EPA/600/3-79/018
r samples were collected in Houston down-
rj*ri and industrial areas to determine hydrocarbon
JJJJJPosition and concentrations. Twenty-one samples
S«£ffented and suggest tnat both vehicular and in-
of tS? ^urces of hydrocarbons are important. Some
aamples were collected during periods of ex-
8taQnated meteorological conditions. It was
d that although the total nonmethane hydro-
were high, they did not exceed 10 ppmC.
* nitrogen oxides were made for some
s. These samples suggested that the
u«, ii ratio in the Houston area was not atypical,
usually ranging from 10/1 to 20/1 .
s: 'Gas analysis, 'Hydrocarbons, Chemical
Sampling, Nitrogen oxides, Exhaust emis-
r""s. Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Texas,
""Pollution detection, 'HoustonfTexas).
27/5 PC A03/MF A01
i Hydrocarbon Concentrations In Ambl-
" i of Houston, Texas. Rept. for Jan-Apr
"Jjjronmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
'''"ert L. Seila. Feb 79,38p EPA/600/3-79/010
sLJ,ar!yary 1978, a study was undertaken at Jones
S*» Forest, 38 miles north of Houston, Texas, to de-
^j™ne the concentrations of non-methane hydrocar-
rr"8, methane, and carbon monoxide; to detail the
^"Position of hydrocarbons (especially of the vege-
(rJIPn); and to discover the sources of non-methane
JWocarbons. Thirteen 3-hour integrated Tedlar bag
eZVPtes and five grab samples using stainless steel
3JJ* were collected over a 39-hour period. The sam-
rata>Were re'umed to the Research Triangle Park labo-
t for analysis, where the can samples showed
f non-methane hydrocarbon concentration values
i the bag samples. Sources of paraffins (72% of
"-methane hydrocarbons) and the other hydro-
i were found to be: vehicular exhaust (35%),
'crest's vegetation (2%), the city of Houston
jofj°|> and the region between Houston and the forest
Lfi*)- Isoprene and alpha-pinene were the vegetative
Jjarocarbons noted, with the latter showing a distinc-
8 "-hour cycle of concentration variation.
; 'Gas analysis, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Methane,
on monoxide, 'Vegetation, Sources, Air pollu-
ting, Chemical analysis, Sites, Laboratory
:, Concentration(Composition), Gas chroma-
B-ST- *, Texas, Houston(rexas), 'Air pollution detec-
™or'. 'Air pollution sampling.
Protection Agency, Research Triangle
'. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
XV^wth Effects of Major Land Us* Projects
i£"*t*water Facilities). Volume II. Summary, Pra-
?£tty« Equations and Worksheets. Final rept,
K*!0r. Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
jfjer H. Guldberg, and Ralph B. D'Agostino. May 78,
a r-— 11. uuiuoerg, ana naipn D. u Mgoeun
g1PC-921-VOL-2, EPA/450/3-78/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-2594
Ses also Volume 1, PB-280 410.
Growth Effects of Major Land Use Projects in a re-
search program whose goal is to develop methodolo-
gies to predict the total air pollutant emissions result-
ing from the construction and operation of major land
use projects. Emissions are quantified from the major
project, from land use induced by the major project,
from secondary activity occurring off-site (e.g., electri-
cal generating stations), and from motor vehicle traffic
associated with both the major project and its induced
land uses. This report documents the development of
predictive equations for the induced land use from
wastewater major projects. The predictive equations
are included in an impact assessment procedure that
estimates the total air pollutant emissions associated
with induced development from a wastewater major
project.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Land use, Mathematical models, Proj-
ects, Construction, Vehicular traffic, Sources, Environ-
mental impacts, Statistical samples, Regression analy-
sis, Planning, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-293 253/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Characterization of Solid Constituents In Black-
water Effluents from Coal Preparation Plants.
Final rept. Jul 75-Oct 77,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
P B Bradley, F. F. Apian, and R. Hogg. Jan 79,203p
EPA/600/7-79/006,, FE-9002-1
The report gives results of a characterization of the
fine solid constituents of coal preparation plant waste
water, to provide a better understanding of how to treat
the water for recycle or discharge. Thirteen waste
water samples, obtained from coal preparation plants
throughout the U.S., were analyzed for. identification
and quantification of solid constituents, size analysis of
solids, and surface properties of the solids. The study
concluded that: (1) Eastern and Western coal region
samples can be distinguished on the basis of mineral-
ogy and size distribution of the solid particles; (2) the
carbonaceous material of Eastern coals averages
60% of the blackwater solids, and the remaining 40%
consists of clay minerals, quartz, calcite, and pyrite;
and (3) virtually all of the carbonaceous material in
Eastern plant waste waters can be removed by froth
flotation, with the product containing 11% mineral
matter.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Water pollution, Indus-
trial wastes, Fines, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Parti-
cle size distribution, Surfaces, Froth flotation, Black liq-
uors, Industrial waste treatment, Desulfurization, Air
pollution, Waste water reuse, Air pollution abatement.
PB-293 254/9 PC A06/MF A01
National Conference on Less Costly Wastewater
Treatment Systems for Small Communities Held
at Reston, VA. on April 12-14,1977. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Apr 78,118p EPA/600/9-797010
This publication is a compilation of papers presented
at the USEPA National Conference of 'Less Costly
Wastewater Treatment Systems for Small Communi-
ties,' held at Reston, Virginia, on April 12, 13, and 14,
1977. The focus of the conference was on sound and
economical alternatives to conventional centralized
wastewater collection and treatment systems for small
communities. Discussion included present govern-
mental policy on wastewater facilities, and descrip-
tions of major types of conveyance and treatment sys-
tems (with comparative costs). Examples were pro-
vided of successful and cost-effective Installations
which meet environmental requirements. Alternative
organizations for maintaining and operating small facil-
ities were also discussed.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Sewage treatment,
•Meetings, Government policies, Regulations, Ordin-
ances, Rural areas, Licenses, Septic tanks, Sanitary
sewers, Sewage disposal, Cost analysis, Maintenance,
Cost comparison, 'Alternative planning, 'Small com-
munities, pressure sewers.
PB-293 265/6 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Computer Simulation of Coal Preparation Plant*.
Final rept. Dec 74-Aug 77,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
Byron S. Gottfried. Nov 78,241 p* EPA/600/7-78/211,
, FE-9000-1
The report describes a comprehensive computer pro-
gram which allows the user to simulate a wide range of
coal preparation plant configurations and modes of op-
eration. The program was designed to maximize the
yield of clean coal while minimizing the impurities. The
configuration, mode of operation, and coal feed can be
varied to provide solutions to a wide range of prob-
lems. The program is written in modular form using
standard features of Fortran IV language.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Mathematical models,
'Industrial plants, Desulfurization, Computer pro-
grams, Fortran, Computerized simulation, Equipment,
Washers(Cleaners), Crushers, Sizing screens, Blend-
ers, Splitting, Desulfurization, 'Air pollution abatement,
Low sulfur coal, Rotary breakers, Fortran 4 program-
ming language.
PB-293 269/7 PC A02/MF A01
Oxldant Formation In the Generation of Ozone,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bruce W. Gay, Jr., George R. Namie, and Joseph J.
Bufalini. Feb 79,25p EPA/600/3-79/016
Ozone samples generated by UV photolysis and silent
electric discharge upon air or oxygen were examined
to determine if other oxidants were formed. Chemical
and physical methods (IR and UV spectroscopy) failed
to show the presence of such oxidants. Absence of
such oxidants was also indicated by the excellent
agreement between analytical results from UV photo-
metry and gas phase titration. Ozone measurements
by the colorimetric 1 percent neutral buffered potas-
sium iodide method were biased 10-30 percent posi-
tive compared to UV photometry. A colorimetric
method employing a solution of cyclohexene-dimeth-
anol and ferrous ammonium sulfate (CHD), which is
claimed to measure singlet oxygen and/or other oxi-
dants along with ozone, proved to have a different stoi-
chiometry In the presence and absence of oxygen.
These latter results were interpreted to mean that the
high response of CHD to ozonized air/oxygen streams
does not indicate the presence of nonozone oxidants;
rather, it reflects a greater-than-stoichiometric re-
sponse of the CHD reagent to ozone.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Oxidizers, 'Gas
analysis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Photolysis, Electric
discharge, Samples, Colorimetric analysis.
PB-293 278/8 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coke By-product
Recovery Plants. Final rept. Mar 77-Jun 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. W. VanOsdell, D. Marsland, B. H. Carpenter, C.
Sparacino, and R. Jablin. Jan 79,389p EPA/600/2-
79/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2630
The report gives results of an initial screening study,
initiating a multimedia environmental assessment of
coke by-product recovery plants in the U.S. The study
included both the gathering and analysis of existing
data and sampling and analysis at one plant based on
EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-
RTF Level 1 protocol. Process data concerning design
and operation of existing plants and processes were
examined. Many variations of all process types exist,
forcing an examination of the Industry to determine the
commoner processes. Sampling and analysis utilized a
basic EPA Level 1 format, tailored for organic vapor
sampling. Specific samples were also analyzed for
cyanide. Air was sampled at all suspected pollution
sources, most of them storage tanks. The largest
single source was the final cooler cooling tower: aro-
matics at greater than 50 g/Mo coke and cyanide at
278 g/Mg coke were both significant Polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were indicated,
but not quantified. Concentrations of pollutants in the
vapor above storage tanks were measured, but actual
emission rates were not determined because of the
difficulty in measuring working and breathing losses for
the tanks sampled. Water sampling data from the
December 1983 633
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
same plant, developed by EPA's Effluent Guidelines
Division, were included in the overall study analysis.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Byproducts, 'Materials recovery,
'Air pollution, "Water pollution, Sources, Sampling,
Storage tanks, Assessments, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Design criteria, Technology, Cost analy-
sis, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-293 279/6 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Compendium Reports on Oil Shale Technology,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
G. C. Slawson, Jr., and T. F. Yen. Jan 79,224p
GE77TMP-52 EPA/600/7-79/039
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This document considers the various production proc-
esses (mining, retorting, and oil upgrading) and key en-
vironmental factors (organic and inorganic character-
ization, environmental control, and limitations) related
to oil shale development. This state-of-the-art survey
supports a study designing a groundwater quality mon-
itoring program for oil shale operations such as that
proposed for Federal Oil Shale Lease Tracts U-a and
U-b located in northeastern Utah. Hence, the reports
emphasize technologies applicable to this develop-
ment while also providing a general overview of oil
shale technology.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Reviews, Hydrogenation, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Public
health, Environmental impacts, Water supply. Avail-
ability, Requirements, Industrial water, Water treat-
ment, Oil shale mining, Retorting, State of the art,
Energy source development, Western Region(United
States).
PB-293 315/8 PC A10/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
OH Pollution Reports. Volume 5, Number 4. Quar-
terly rept. Oct 78-Dec 78,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Elizabeth Sorenson, Barbara
Searles, Katherine Osteryoung, and Ivana Roland. Feb
79,203p EPA/600/7-79/040
Grant EPA-R-805803-01-0
See also Volume 5, Number 1, PB-281 671.
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS (formerly OIL SPILL AND
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS) is a quarterly compilation
01 abstracts of current oil pollution related literature, re-
search projects, and conferences. Comprehensive
coverage of terrestrial and aquatic oil pollution and its
prevention and control is provided, with emphasis on
the marine environment. The report contains (a) cita-
tions and summaries of 1976 to 1978 scientific and
technical publications, and patents; (b) status and
summaries of current research programs; and (c) infor-
mation on current meetings.
Keywords: 'Oil spills, 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution,
'Bibliographies, Water analysis, Monitoring, Remote
sensing, Sampling, Separation, Standards, Regula-
tions, Mathematical models, Meetings, Cleaning,
Sources, Transport properties, Containment, Water
pollution control, Chemical analysis, Patents, Ab-
stracts, Water pollution detection, Path of pollutants,
Oil pollution detection, Oil pollution removal. Contin-
gency planning.
PB-293 328/1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fuel Contaminants: Volume 3. Control of Coal-re-
lated Pollutants. Final rept. Jul 75-76,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. J. Mezey, Seongwoo Min, B. R. Allen, W. C. Baytos,
and Sur)it Singh. Jan 79,135p EPA/600/7-79/025A
Contract EPA-68-02-2112
See also Volume 2, PB-260 475.
The report gives results of a study to identify strategies
for removing pollutants from coal and coal-derived liq-
uids. Of the approaches considered, five were select-
ed for preliminary assessment by experimentation (a
sixth, improvements in pyrite liberation from coal, was
not studied because of significant advances by
others). Study findings include: (1) biological action on
coal-derived liquids-prospects of using nonmutated
bacteria for sulfur and/or nitrogen removal from coal
liquids appear small; (2) enhancement of pyrite remov-
al during immiscible fiuid agglomeration-removal
equivalent to that obtained for float-sink analysis was
obtained by pretreatment and oil agglomeration, the
same technique found to be effective for recovering
greater than 90% of coal from coal cleaning plant
fines; (3) extraction of clean fuels from coal liquids-
light hydrocarbons can be used to extract 83% of coal
liquid at supercritical conditions to yield a low sulfur
and nitrogen fuel; (4) concentration of organic sulfur
and nitrogen and ash from coal liquids-up to 76% of
the sulfur and about 10% of the nitrogen can be re-
moved by passing coal liquids over various special
porous media; and (5) conversion of coal liquefaction
residues to environmentally acceptable fuels-treat-
ment of coal liquefaction residue with H2/CO mixtures
reduces nitrogen content by as much as 14%.
Keywords: 'Fuel contaminants, 'Coal preparation,
'Desulfurization, Air pollution, Coal processing, Sulfur,
Nitrogen, Separation, Feasibility, Bacteria, Agglomer-
ation, Pyrite, Extraction, Filtration, Coal liquefaction,
Residues, Technology, Forecasting, Process charting,
Performance evaluation, "Air pollution abatement,
'Coal liquids, Refuse derived fuels.
PB-293 335/6 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
Liners for Sanitary Landfills and Chemical and
Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites. Survey review
rept. Sep 77,
Ebon Research Systems, Silver Spring, MD.
Sylvia A. Ware, and Gilbert S. Jackson. May 78,94p*
EP A/600/9-78/005
Contract EPA-68-03-2460-4
This report lists addresses of sanitary landfills and
chemical and hazardous waste disposal sites and
holding ponds with some form of impermeable lining.
Liners included are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride,
Hypalon R, ethylene propylene diene monomer, butyl
rubber, conventional paving asphalt, hot sprayed as-
phalt, asphalt-sealed fabrics, and concrete. Sites lined
with treated soils including compacted clay, are also
included in the list. Most of the sanitary landfills identi-
fied with impermeable liners are of recent construc-
tion, a few are 5 years old or more. A brief examination
is also made of three possible methods for excavating
a solid waste landfill to remove a small piece of liner
for laboratory study. These methods are the use of the
dragline, the backhoe, or the caisson. The methods
are briefly described and compared as to suitability,
and a preliminary cost comparison is given.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Linings,
'Directories, 'Hazardous materials, Chemical com-
pounds, Sites, Cost analysis, Comparison, Polymeric
films, Soils, Land disposal.
PB-293 336/4 PC A23/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Workshop on Catalytic Combustion
(3rd), Held at Ashevllle, North Carolina on October
3-4, 1978. Rept. for May-Nov 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Aerotherm Div.
John P. Kesselring. Feb 79,541 p* EPA/600/7-79/038
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The proceedings document the major presentations at
the third Workshop on Catalytic Combustion, in Ashe-
ville, North Carolina, October 3-4,1978. Sponsored by
the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory-Research Trian-
gle Park, the workshop served as a forum for the pres-
entation of results of recent research in the areas of
catalyst and catalytic combustion system develop-
ment, The workshop provided industrial, university,
and government representatives with the current
state-of-the-art in the application of catalyst systems
for pollution control and performance improvement.
Applications include firetube and watertube boilers
and gas turbines for utility, industrial, automotive, and
aircraft systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
'Meetings, Catalysts, Combustion products, Exhaust
emissions, Fuels, Afterburners, Surfaces, Furnaces,
Nitrogen oxides, High temperature tests, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Boundary layer, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), State of the art, Stationary
sources, Air-fuel ratio, Heterogeneous reactors, Low
btu gas.
PB-293 341/4 PC A03/MF AOl
Ozone Calibration and Audit by Gas pna8.eT!"nj.
tlon In Excess Ozone. Bendlx (Trade Name) TrBnr
portable Field Calibration System, Models wo
and 8S61DA. _ .,.rch
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., nese»
Triangle Park, NC. ,„ ,aa
Thomas A. Lumpkin, and Barry E. Martin. Feb 79, *°v
EPA/600/4-79/015
Detailed procedures for the dynamic calibration and
audit of chemiluminescence ozone analyzers are y
sented. The calibrations and audits are performsu "J
means of a gas phase titration technique using •
rapid gas phase reaction between nitric oxia°,,hjs
ozone with excess ozone present. The purpose101 u
report is to aid calibration personnel in performing »
brations and audits in exactly the same manner"
identical calibration systems. One of the advantage"
the procedures is that chemiluminescence
lyzers can be calibrated or audited in the f
the bulky equipment required for the neut
potassium iodide calibration procedure. A secona»
vantage is that more precise results can be obtainw-
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Calibrating, 'Ozone, Che-
miluminescence, Field tests, Volumetric anaiyw •
Vapor phases, Process charting, Design critena, n»
formance evaluation. Gas analysis, Chemical anaiyw •
Air pollution, 'Air pollution detection, Procedures.
PB-293 355/4 PC A06/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinno».
OH
Oxidation Ditch Treatment of MeatpackWfl
Wastes. Technical rept. 1966-72,
Morrell (John) and Co., Chicago, IL
Wayne L. Paulson, and Lawrence D. Lively. Jan /a,
123p EPA/600/2-79/030
The analysis of 18 months of early operation for ?
channel aeration activated sludge wastewater irw
mant nlant is nrasantori Tha treatment Dlarit rece'»
, , hog
beef meatpacking plant. The treatment plant «
preaeratton, primary settling and grease removal
lowed by two 3.5 million gallon aeration channels i-v
by 6 feet deep by 1,050 feet in length) in parallel.""'
and floating aerators are utilized. One channel UBI«
an experimental straightline settling unit (16 by 4/o w
6 feet deep). The design and operation of the P"m?'r
treatment units was inadequate. Tubular conveyors'"
sludge removal were not satisfactory. More efticw
grease and suspended solids removal is needea
wastewater. High effluent ammonia levels are ,
corn. Various plant design changes are needed to «'
prove the consistency of good effluent quality.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process,
waste treatment, Meat, Design, Efficiency, Aera»"' •
Oxidation, Lagoons(Ponds), Settling basins, Ammo™*
Greases, Sludge disposal, Performance evaluan""'
Iowa, 'Meatpacking industry.
PB-293 360/4 PC A05/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i"
angle Park, NC. ......
Measurement of PCB Emissions from Combust'0"
Sources. Final rept. Dec 76-Dec 78,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. h
P. L. Levins, C. E. Rechsteiner, and J. L. Stauffer. Feo
79, 90p EPA/600/7-79/047
Contract EPA-68-02-21 50
The report describes a gas chromatographic/rflajj*
spectrometric (GC/MS) procedure that overcome"
problems encountered when using GC procedures
(previously used to determine polychlorinated blprw"
yls (PCBs) in solids and water) on emissions from con-
bustion sources. The GC/MS procedure, which rei|B=
on selected mass scanning in restricted regions ot '"_
chromatograms, was developed because in the cor™
bustion process the distribution pattern of the I«*Y5T
al PCBs changes, rendering invalid the pattern matcn-
634 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lf|LSpproach used w'tri the gas chromatographic/
electron capture detection (GC/ECD) method.
rds: *Gas analysis, *Gas chromatography,
spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Combustion
8' industrial wastes, Chlorine organic com-
s, Calibrating, Samples, Substitutes. *Air pollu-
oarrhi ion' "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/
»™iwiioro, Electron capture gas chromatography.
PC A17/MF A01
an-i? 5 , Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Prtu? ' NC-
M.».eedlnfls: Advances in Particle Sampling and
ja™^r|ment (Ashevllle, NC, May 1978). Rept. for
um"
arch Inst., Birmingham, AL.
8tmrSL°?eedtn9s consist of 17 papers on improved in-
DBrt £ i and techniques for sampling and measuring
Darin emissions and aerosols; e.g., cascade im-
nuelni cyclone collectors, and diffusion-battery/
lnstrnLCount8r combinations. Transmissometers and
for rwM* for measuring scattered light were used
arv u» !< ous m°nitoring of emissions from a second-
aoiirV. ,sm9lter and from three pulp and paper mill
oow» , < (a wood-waste-fired power boiler, a kraft re-
oonW. turnaoe' and a "me kiln). Also discussed were:
DartSi . based data reduction for plotting curves of
osola f ^8 distribution; equipment for generating aer-
traee i rts use in ca||brating instruments; analysis for
errors * ents in "V asn.' and sources of sampling
at nn APP||0ations of improved techniques for evalu-
DinnB. emission control devices included; a wet im-
WefsrrThk technique for measuring particle sizes in
the Hi D°ers; use of real-time instruments in studying
men? yn?mic ber|avior of baghouses; and measure-
flv ««h fract'°nal collection efficiency and detection of
'asn entrainment in electrostatic precipitators.
eywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Gas anal-
pin^, arnP'ing. Laboratory equipment, Smelters,
WBM! 'ndustry, Combustion products, Industrial
cal at ', Aerosols, Light scattering, Impactors, Chemi-
tribirtS? ysl8' Boilers, Furnaces, Kilns, Particle size dis-
Plumo "' r< Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators,
ton T "esign criteria, Fines, Performance evalua-
gjj^i race elements, Fly ash, Calibrating, Computer
Wm it, ."aiysis, 'Air pollution detection, Baghouses,
"*et methods.
_„„_ 8/0 PC A10/MF A01
OfZ°n?1-emal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ch.0,6.?'Toxic Substances.
m.", ,cal Technology and Economics in Envlron-
Soun^ Perspective. Task I. Analysis of the
r«n» * °* Phosphorus In the Environment. Final
.lesearch Inst., Kansas City, MO.
» Mumma, Frad C. Hopkins, Kathryn
n, and Thomas W. Lapp. Mar 79,224p* EPA/
'A-68-01-3896
Pa «n Quantitative assessment of the princi-
wa« es 0'Phosphorus release to the environment
^.Performed. Natural sources were not extensively
Wer» ?i n.or were they quantified. Nonpoint sources
lanri ^entitled by land use; discharge data for specific
««J uses were obtained from the literature. Point
flram 8 were estimated on the basis of model flow dia-
uraHi and Phosphorus material balances; no meas-
«J levels were utilized. The total national phospho-
rrfc?ission.s to air and water in 1978 were about 2.9
87 RC". metnc tons. Of this amount, approximately
12a«t was attributable to nonpoint sources and
are * , point sources- Mai°r nonpoint contributors
jo? !?roPland runoff and pasture and rangeland runoff;
mL,!"9 major point sources, municipal sewage treat-
,2™ *»* the largest single contributor. From the data
"••eioped for the national emissions, a regional as-
jS?")ent was performed for Florida to evaluate the
""Bronco in phosphorus sources in regions and for
.j"? nation. A cursory analysis was also performed of
Vo*fl?nt phosphate controls in Indiana and New
Dhu i analysis addressed surface water geogra-
DrnM °cation and nature of phosphorus water quality
jjjooiems, and the impact of detergent phosphate con-
geywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Phosphorus,
°°urceg, Inorganic phosphates, Water pollution, Air
pollution, Nutrients, Transport properties, Methodolo-
gy, Data acquisition, Data analysis, Soils, Trends, As-
sessments, Detergents, Process charting, Design cri-
teria, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Non-
point sources, Point sources, Solid wastes, 'Path of
pollutants, Eutrophication.
PB-293 378/6 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Third Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing
Committee to the Administrator, Environmental
Protection Agency.
TSCA Interagency Testing Committee, Washington,
DC.
Jan 79,244p
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-285 439.
The document has been prepared for the Toxic Sub-
Stances Control Act (TSCA) Interagency Testing Com-
mittee (ITC) by its technical contractor, Clement Asso-
ciates, Inc. The Committee is charged with making rec-
ommendations to the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) with respect to which
chemicals should be tested to determine their hazards
to human health or the environment. The dossiers
were designed to provide the Committee with sufficient
information on the chemicals' physical and chemical
properties, exposure characteristics, and biological
and environmental effects to support an informed
judgment on whether they should be given priority for
testing. The substances covered are chlorofaenzenes,
1,2-Dichloropropane, glycidol and its derivatives.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, * Chlor-
obenzenes, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Exposure, Physiological effects, Toxicity, Committees,
Law(Jurisprudence), Legislation, Recommendations,
Tests, Chlorine organic compounds, Biological effects,
Environmental effects, 'Toxic substances, Bioaccu-
mulation, *Propanol/epoxy-1, Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act, Public Law 94-469, 'Propane/dichloro.
PB-293 457/8 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Groundwater Quality Monitoring of Western Coal
Strip Mining: Identification and Priority Ranking of
Potential Pollution Sources,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
Lome G. Everett. Jan 79,265p GE77TMP-50, EPA/
600/7-79/024
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report is the first in a series of several to come out
of a 5-year study to assess the impact on groundwater
quality of coal strip mining in the Western United
States. Presented is a preliminary priority ranking of
potential sources of groundwater pollution in an area
within Campbell County, Wyoming, overlying one of
the major coal fields in the Powder River Basin. The
priority ranking was developed by making a thorough
review of the existing data available from monitoring
activities of mining companies and various county,
State, and Federal agencies. Potential pollution
sources and methods of waste disposal at seven oper-
ating mines and also in the vicinity of the City of Gillette
were inventoried. The data were carefully reviewed to
identify the potential pollutants associated with each
source. Groundwater usage was inventoried. An ap-
praisal of the hydrogeologic framework and existing
groundwater quality was developed. By superimposing
the identified potential groundwater pollution sources
on the hydrogeologic framework and making esti-
mates of pollutant mobilities from these sources, the
preliminary priority ranking was developed.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Coal mines, 'Water pollu-
tion, Monitoring, Strip mining, Mine waters, Waste dis-
posal, Ranking, Sources, Refuse, Spoil, Oil wells, Ex-
plosives, Hydrogeology, Aquifers, Water wells,
Concentration(Cornposrti6n), Inorganic sulfates, Trace
elements. Inorganic nitrates, Metals, Inventories,
Tables(Data), Wyoming, Campbell CountyfWyoming).
PB-293 485/9 PC A04/MF A01
Association Between Meteorological Conditions
and High Ozone and Sulfate Concentrations: A
1974 Episode In the Eastern United States. Rept.
for Feb-Oct 78,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. Feb 79,75p EPA/600/4-79/009
A 1,000,000 sq km area of the Eastern United States
had sulfate concentrations exceeding 10 microgram/
cu m on July 10,1974, and there were indications that
parts of the area had high concentrations on prior
days. The meteorology associated with the high con-
centrations and correlations of high ozone and sulfate
concentrations are discussed. It appeared that slow
moving and subsiding air contributed to the high con-
centrations of both pollutants. Long range transport,
as shown by trajectory analyses, was a factor in the
problems in most areas, but the worst situations with
regards to sulfates were associated with emissions
from nearby, upwind sources. While high ozone con-
centrations were observed immediately prior to high
sulfate concentrations in many areas, there were high
sulfate concentrations that were not associated with
high ozone concentrations. In the latter situation, the
high sulfate concentrations were associated with air
which had earlier movement over areas with high SO2
emission.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric motion,
Transport properties, Chemical reactions, Diurna| vari-
ations, Sources, Atmospheric temperature, Visibility.
PB-293 502/1 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Typical Costs for Electric Energy Generation and
Environmental Controls. Final report. Apr-Nov 78,
Gilbert Associates, Inc., Reading, PA.
M. G. Klett. Jan 79,30p EPA/600/7-79/026
Contract EPA-68-02-2605
The report gives typical costs for electric power gener-
ating plants and their environmental controls for instal-
lations of 1000 and 5000 MWe capacity, including the
expected range of uncertainty. Total annualized costs
for a particular configuration can be computed by
adding the appropriate incremental costs for fuel and
environmental control equipment to the cost of the
base generation system. Fixed charges are computed
on the basis of 18% of the capital investment; cost
data are corrected to mid-1975. Two examples of the
use of the data are included. The data and method are
intended to provide an overview. Actual installation
costs may differ widely from those found from informa-
tion in this report because of site-specific consider-
ations.
Keywords: 'Cost analyses, 'Air pollution control,
'Thermal pollution, Capitalized costs, Sulfur, Particles,
Nitrogen oxides, Technology, Water pollution control,
Operating costs, Cooling towers, Fossil fuels, Electric
power plants, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
'Fossil-fuel power plants, Nuclear power plants.
PB-293 516/1 PC A06/MF A01
Results of a Joint U.S.A./U.S.S.R. Hydrodynamlc
and Transport Modeling Project. Final rept,
Environmental Research Lab.-Dututh, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
John F. Paul, William L Richardson, Alexandr B.
Gorstko, and Anton A. Matveyev. Feb 79,103p EPA/
600/3-79/015
Prepared in cooperation with Rostov-on-Don State
Univ. (USSR). Inst. of Mechanics and Applied Math-
ematics, and Hydrochemical Inst., Novocherkassk
(USSR).
A joint modeling project with scientists from the U.S.A.
and U.S.S.R. has been accomplished. The three geo-
graphical areas investigated include Lake Baikal and
the Sea of Azov in the U.S.S.R. and Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron in the U.S.A. The modeling approaches
ranged from those employing material and mass con-
servation to describe water movement to those involv-
ing solution of the complete three-dimensional hydro-
dynamic equations. The model calculations were com-
pared to available data and, in all cases, reasonable
agreement was obtained. This report covers a period
from May 1977 to December 1977, and work was com-
pleted as of April 1978.
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Circulation, 'Lakes,
'Oceans, Mathematical models, Three dimensional
flow, Ocean currents, Wind(Meteorology), Lake Baikal,
Sea of Azov, USSR, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, United
States, Water balance, Dispersing, Chlorides, 'Ocean
circulation.
December 1983 635
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-293 529/4 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Powered Vehicle Over Var-
ious Driving Cycles - 361 Cubic Inch 1966 Ford F-
600. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard Nash. Aug 78,24p HDV-78-08
This report contains the results of exhaust emission
tests on one precontrolled heavy-duty gasoline truck.
These tests were run on a chassis dynamometer over
various cycles developed under the CAPE-21 cycle
generation program. This effort is a continuation of the
test program which initially examined a 1977 GMC
truck; it was designed to answer some questions which
developed during that testing. This test sequence was
designed to investigate In more detail the effect of var-
ious driving cycles upon vehicle emissions and fuel
consumption. For this reason, road load drag force
was not varied as in the previous experiment. For each
driving cycle three tests were run with the vehicle in a
fully warmed-up condition. Also, for this test sequence,
several new cycles were generated which had not
been run during the previous test sequence on the
GMC truck. (See Technical Support Report for Regula-
tory Action, Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption
of a Heavy-Duty Gasoline Powered Vehicle over Var-
ious Driving Cycles, 427 Cubic Inch 1977 California
GMC 6500, June 1978). The final phase was a se-
quence of four tests to investigate cold and warm start
effects.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption, Dynamometers, Trucks, Tests, Gaso-
line, 'Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-293 630/2 PC A03/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Powered Vehicle Over Var-
ious Driving Cycles - 427 Cubic Inch 1977 Califor-
nia GMC 6500. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard Nash. Aug 78,42p HDV-78-09
This report presents exhaust emission and fuel econo-
my measurements for one heavy-duty gasoline fueled
vehicle operated over various driving cycles. These
driving cycles were developed from actual in-use oper-
ational data collected in New York and Los Angeles
under the CAPE-21 program. In each location, both
freeway and non-freeway operational parameters
were recorded. A data matrix (relating speed, accel-
eration and frequency of occurrence) was prepared for
each city and class of operation. Several different
cycles were generated for each matrix. Evaluation of
the concept of chassis testing for heavy-duty vehicles
were the major purpose of this project. The test pro-
gram was designed to measure the sensitivity of ex-
haust emissions and fuel economy to the various driv-
ing cycles and road load conditions. In addition, a brief
attempt was made to characterize cold start emissions
and the effects of increased vehicle frontal area. Three
of the fully transient cycles were 'linearized' (steady
state cruises and constant accelerations) to see II a
simpler type of transient operation could accurately
predict fuel economy. Finally, experiments were under-
taken to measure the instantaneous exhaust dilution
ration In order to assess the adequacy of the CVS flow
rate.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Dynamometers, Sensitivity, Tests, Gas-
oline, 'Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-293 536/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Dlv.
Survey of Gasoline Tank Trucks and Rail Cars,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
J. C. Hang, and R. R. Sakaida. Mar 79,48p EPA/450/
3-79/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
This Informational document provides the basic and
current use of tank trucks and rail cars In the gasoline
marketing Industry. Information contained In this docu-
ment Includes population, type and age of equipment,
Industry trends and costs for retrofitting existing vehi-
cles to bottom loading and/or vapor recovery.
Keywords'. "Gasoline, "Rail cars, "Tank trucks, "Air
pollution control, Surveys, Marketing, Hydrocarbons,
Benzene, Cargo transport, Trends, Cost analysis,
Design criteria, Capitalized costs, Vapor recovery sys-
tems.
PB-293 551/8 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter Model Format Change; Volume 1. De-
tailed Technical Report. Final rept. Nov 77-Dec 78,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Richard Dennis, and Hans A. Klemm. Feb 79,18lp*
GCA-TR-78-51 -G(2), EPA/600/7-79/043A
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report describes an improved mathematical model
for use by control personnel to determine the adequa-
cy of existing or proposed filter systems designed to
minimize coal fly ash emissions. Several time-saving
steps have been introduced to facilitate model applica-
tion by Agency and other groups. To further aid the
model user, the study is in two volumes: a detailed
technical report and a user's guide. By using selected
combustion, operating, and design parameters, the
model user can forecast the expected emissions and
filter pressure loss. The program affords the option of
providing readily appraised summary performance sta-
tistics or highly detailed results. Several built-in error
checks prevent the generation of useless data and
avoid unnecessary computer time. The model takes
into account the concentration and physical properties
of the dust, air/cloth ratio, sequential compartmen-
tized operation, and the method, intensity, and fre-
quency of cleaning. The model function depends on
the unique fabric cleaning and dust penetration proper-
ties observed with several coal fly ashes (including lig-
nite) and woven glass fabrics.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Math-
ematical models, Air filters, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Fly ash, Particles, Design criteria,
Computer programming, Performance evaluation,
Glass fibers, Cleaning, Concentration(Composition),
Physical properties, Dust collectors, 'Fabric filters,
Baghouses.
PB-293 565/8 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Conventional Combustion Environmental Assess-
ment Program, Executive Briefing. Rept. for Oct-
Nov 78,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pamela K. Lattimore. Jan 79,20p EPA/600/8-79/002
EPA-68-02-2566
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The brochure gives an executive briefing of EPA's
Conventional Combustion Environmental Assessment
(CCEA) Program. The CCEA Program was established
recently to coordinate and integrate EPA's research
and development efforts for assessing the environ-
mental effects of pollutants from the conventional
combustion of fossil fuels. The brochure highlights the
purpose, scope, benefit, and results of the CCEA Pro-
gram. It emphasizes CCEA methodology developed to
provide a systematic approach for compiling informa-
tion and data describing the effects of combustion-re-
lated emissions, and for comparison of their effects
with identified environmental goals and objectives. It
also describes the CCEA Program matrix for consoli-
dating information on ongoing CCEA-related research,
CCEA research and development efforts that have
been Incorporated into the program, and information
transfer plans.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Fossil fuels, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Assessments, Public health, Standards, Con-
ventional Combustion Environmental Assessment Pro-
gram, Land pollution, CCEA program.
PB-293 597/1 PC A02/MF A01
Research Summary-Oil Spills,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Mark Schaefer. Feb 79,19p* EPA/600/8-79/007
This summary of EPA Office of Research and Devel-
opment (ORD) research in the oil spills area discusses
current and emerging spill control technologies, the
nfl
""
ecological effects of petroleum, and OHD's approac
to transferring information about its research progra"
to the appropriate users.
Keywords: Sources, Regulations, Water pollution ' cojjj
trol, Monitoring, Cleaning, 'Oil pollution, 'Oil spins, w
pollution control, Oil pollution removal, Oil tagging-
PB-293 599/7 PC£°.5/nVtata of
Multimedia Assessment of Pollution P°wnjl8l,?inai
Non-Sulfur Chemical Pulping Technology- ""•
rept. Jan-Dec 77, /-..-.innati
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnn
Corvallis, OR. Food and Wood Products Brancn.
Victor Dallons. Jan 79, 93p EPA/600/2-79/OZ6
This report gives an estimate of the air, watf[;rfall(.
solid waste pollution generated by developing ano*?
isting non-sulfur pulping techniques that are Polen"°,4
competitive with kratt pulping. Also developea wj
energy use and needs estimates for these P"T' 7
processes. Processes investigated were soaa pu'K1 z.
soda semichemical pulping, soda pulping ^°"°^i,J.
oxygen delignification, thermomechanical PulP'n» Of
lowed by oxygen delignification, oxygen P"|P'',«LX,
wood wafers, chlorine dioxide pulping, solvent £"'£:»
and the Rapson process. All of the pulping Proc?'£i8
considered develop less water pollutants ana w
total reduced sulfur emissions than does tne _w»
process. Sulfur dioxide and particulate emissions vo^
from process to process, some being greater man «
expected from kraft and some less. Sulfur dioxide ar
particulate emissions largely originate 'rom Powers
ers. Requirements for power produced ""^^.ir
boilers vary considerably between mill tyPe8js>r£,n of
pollutants presently not inherent to the production
pulp, such as sodium iodide, hydrochlonc acra, " ,
carbon monoxide, are potentially emitted from sew
of the new pulping processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water PoJ
trol, 'Paper industry, Sulfate pulping, Sulfur
Particles, Sodium carbonates, Design critena,
Performance evaluation, Solvents,
Energy consumption, Electrostatic
•Solid waste disposal, 'Odor pollution,
PB-293 614-SET .
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, i/~
Office of Health and Ecological Effects. „ ..,..
Methods Development for Assessing Air Polluw
Control Benefits.
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
Feb 79,655p-in 5v
Set includes PB-293 615 thru PB-293 619.
No abstract available.
PB-293 615/1 PCA09/MFA5,1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, w
Office of Health and Ecological Effects. „ ....
Methods Development for Assessing Air PoMU"»
Control Benefits. Volume I. Experiments « «"J
Economics of Air Pollution Epidemiology- pln"
rept. Oct 76-Oct 78,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. _
Thomas D. Crocker, William D. Schulze, Shaul Ben-
David, and Allen V. Kneese. Feb 79,177p* EPA/8W
5-79/001A
Grant EPA-R-805059-01
See also Volume 2, PB-293 616. Errata sheet |ns
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico UrW-i
querque., and Resources for the Future, Inc.,
ton, DC. a1 A.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E14, PB-293 ei--
SET.
The volume- employs the analytical and ernPir!S.
methods of economics to develop hypotheses on o»
ease etiologies and to value labor productivity'•JJJ
consumer losses due to air pollution-induced rnoruj1"*
and morbidity. In the mortality work, 1970 clty-w"j!j
mortality rates for major disease categories have OBJ"
statistically associated with aggregate data from SEW
U.S. cities on physicians per capita, per capita cifl"
rette consumption, dietary habits, air pollution arw
other factors. The estimated effect of air pollution <£
mortality rates is about an order of magnitude low"?
than some other estimates. Nevertheless, rather stnan
but important associations are found between pnf
monia and bronchitis and participates in air and i
636 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Won TI?« y lrlfant disease and sulfur dioxide air pollu-
aSzert h m°rbldlty work employed data on the gener-
ttons n. lth states and the time and budget alloca-
houLhnM 'Latlonwide sample of individual heads of
sions'««. for the bulk of the dose-response expres-
ly ass™ » Jed'air Pollution appears to be significant-
orchr™' 8,d -Wlth increased time being spent acutely
fluent ?ly '"•Air Pollution, in addition, appears to in-
duSt • or Pf°ductivity, where the reduction in pro-
ttons inw measured bVthe earnings lost due to reduc-
ds: 'Epidemiology, 'Economic analysis, 'Air
Slh il 9.gality of life' Etiology, Diseases, Public
,o,s P» •thodol°9y. Assessments, Benefit cost anal-
fna't5a.rnin9S. Productivity, Diets, Smoking, Experi-
lu£»r ta' Pnysicians, Mortality, Morbidity, 'Air pol-
Wttesrn k*A'r P°"ution effects(Humans), Ciga-
Ert?ronm16/Si PCA11/MFA01
OfficB^Tl?"'81 Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
MethnS 1Saltn and Ecological Effects.
Cont^, LDeve|opment for Assessing Air Pollution
|JS| {T°I B«n«flts. Volume II. Experiments In Valu-
tlvi nL «ai*et Goods: A Case Study of Alterna-
th. e. "e"l Measures of Air Pollution Control In
st Air Basin of Southern California.
-J., Laramie.
>okshire, Ralph C. d'Arge, William D.
J " ,. Thayer. Feb 79, 233p* EPA/
617 "p!" V0lume 1. PB-293 615 and Volume 3, PB-293
Al|buquerPared '" oooPeration witn New Mexico Univ.,
s|« available in set of 5 reports PC E14, PB-293 614-
from y°lurr|e includes the empirical results obtained
(lwi tv,0 exoeriments to measure the health and aes-
of air pollution control. Each experiment
same six neighborhood pairs, where the
ino ..;• were made on the basis of similarities in hous-
to boaTli? risti°8' socio-economic factors, distances
suh£).M 8 and services, average temperatures, and
niftWV8 lndicators of housing quality. Data on actual
dent!«r tr9n8sctions, as registered in single-family resl-
. "«BI property transactions, and on stated prefer-
/pr air quality, as revealed in neighborhood sur-
' weTe collected. Given various assumptions on
lno~rt!, I0catlon, aggregation by areas, specific hous-
fe«« "aracteristics, ancf knowledge of the health ef-
valuo air PoUution, both the survey and the property
Dav fcTxperiments yielded estimates of willingness to
of frnn, arJ improvement from 'poor' to 'fair' air quality
suite .K* °to $15° Per month per household. The re-
thl i1'"erefore, indicate that air quality deterioration in
facts Ar"9e|es area has had substantial negative ef-
comr.°n.housing prices and that these effects are
will rS,. le in magnitude to what people say they are
Wil|lng to pay ior mTproved air quality.
neaitt?1^!1 *Air Pollution, 'Economic impact, Public
r>.™ln' Substitutes, Assessments, Sampling, Real
V, Benefit cost analysis, Quality of life, Housing
• California, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution control,
" appraisal, South Coast Air Basin
ilifornia).
Env£!3617/7 PCA06/MFA01
Offl'r?nmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mirth!?,'Health and Ecological Effects.
COM .' Development for Assessing Air Pollution
^Ptrpl Benefits. Volume III. A Preliminary As-
*£!mS?-** PottMon p?mages_for Selected
?6-Oct 7 nln Southern California. Final rept. Oct
yniin9 Univ- Laramie
• Adams, Narongsakdi Thanavibulchai, and
D. Crocker. Feb 79, 109p* EPA/600/5-79/
Riy.£niin9
T"1 "•
O . rocer. e
|[antEPA-R.805059-01
™ also Volume 2, PB-2
lume 2, PB-293 61 6 and Volume 4, PB-293
ailable in set of 5 reports PC El 4, PB-293 614-
Wo»iH0lume investigates the economic benefits that
luttn accrue 'rom reductions in oxidant/ozone air pol-
fioij lnduced damages to 14 annual vegetable and
crops in southern California. Using the analytical
of economics, the study provides an up-to-
date review of the literature on the physical and eco-
nomic damages to agricultural crops from air pollution.
In addition, methodologies are developed permitting
estimation of the impact of air pollution-induced price
effects, input and output substitution effects, and risk
effects upon producer and consumer losses. Esti-
mates of the extent to which price effects contribute to
consumer losses are provided. These consumer.
losses are estimated to have amounted to $14.8 mil-
lion per year from 1972 to 1976. Celery, fresh toma-
toes, and potatoes are the sources of most of these
losses.
Keywords: "Ozone, *Air pollution, "Agricultural eco-
nomics, Reviews, Damage assessment, Vegetable
crops, Farm crops, Tomato plants, Tuber crops, Pro-
duction, Losses, Economic impact, Yield, Potatoes,
Prices, Economic models, Environmental impacts,
Forecasting, Tables(Data), California, Oxidizers, Input
output analysis, Air pollution abatement, Air pollution
control.
PB-293 618/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Methods Development for Assessing Air Pollution
Control Benefits. Volume IV. Studies on Partial
Equilibrium Approaches to Valuation of Environ-
mental Amenities. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 78,
California Univ., Riverside.
Maureen L. Cropper, William R. Porter, Berton J.
Hansen, Robert A. Jones, and John G. Riley. Feb 79,
103p* EPA/600/5-79/001 D
Grant EPA-R-805059-01
See also Volume 3, PB-293 617 and Volume 5, PB-293
619.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E14, PB-293 614-
SET.
The research presented in this volume of a five volume
study of the economic benefits of air pollution control
explores various facets of the two central project ob-
jectives that have not been given adequate attention in
the previous volumes. The valuations developed in
these previous volumes have all been based on a par-
tial equilibrium framework. Volume IV considers the
adjustments and changes In underlying assumptions
the values would require If they were to be derived In a
general equilibrium framework. A second purely theo-
retical paper examines the impact upon the aformen-
tloned partial equilibrium valuations under variation in
consumer uncertainty about the health hazards asso-
ciated with various forms of consumption. A new
model of the variations in wages for assorted occupa-
tions across cities is tested to establish an estimate of
willingness to pay for environmental amenities. The
volume concludes with a report of a small experiment
intended to test a particular way to remove any biases
that bidding game respondents have to distort their
true valuations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Economic impact. Assess-
ments, Economic models, Benefit cost analysis, Sub-
stitutes, Urban areas, Consumption, Decision theory,
Quality of life, Prices, Information, * Air quality, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Air pollution control, Public goods,
Property appraisal.
PB-293 619/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Methods Development for Assessing Air Pollution
Control Benefits. Volume V. Executive Summary.
Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 78,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
David S, Brookshire, Thomas D. Crocker, Ralph C.
d'Arge, Shaul Ben-David, and Allen V. Kneese. Feb 79,
33pf EPA/600/5-79/001 E
Grant EPA-R-805059-01
See also Volume 4, PB-293 618. Prepared in coopera-
tion with University of Southern California, Los Ange-
les., and New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Errata sheet
inserted.
The first four volumes summarized by this volume rep-
resent original efforts to construct both a conceptually
consistent and empirically verifiable set of methods for
assessing the economic benefits of air quality improve-
ments. While the state-of-the-art does not at present
allow highly accurate estimates of the benefits of re-
duced human or plant exposure to air pollutants, these
studies nevertheless provide a set of fundamental
benchmarks on which further efforts might be built.
These are: (1) many benefits traditionally viewed as in-
tangible and therefore non-measurable can, in fact, be
measured and be made comparable to economic
values as expressed in markets; (2) aesthetic and mor-
bidity effects may dominate the measure of benefits as
opposed to previous emphases on mortality health ef-
fects; and (3) the likely economic benefits of air quality
improvements are perhaps as much as an order of
magnitude greater than previous studies had hypoth-
esized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Economic impact, Assess-
ments, Epidemiology, Public health, Agriculture, Qual-
ity of life, Urban areas, Benefit cost analysis, Morbidity,
Environmental impacts, Mortality, California, *Air qual-
ity, "Air pollution abatement, Air pollution
effects(Humans), State of the art.
PB-293 630/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mobile Source Enforcement Div.
Accuracy Audit of Vehicle Inspection and Mainte-
nance Programs. Volume I. Final rept.,
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., San Bernar-
dino, CA.
James L. Reese. Mar 79,100p 2587-01-0179, EPA/
300/03-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01-3946
An audit for the Environmental Protection Agency of
vehicle exhaust emission measuring instrumentation
currently in use at vehicle inspection and maintenance
stations was conducted. Calibration gas standards
were introduced into the instruments and responses
recorded. Functional checks of the instruments were
also made and information on instrument reliability and
calibration procedures was collected. Results general-
ly showed the instruments to be in good condition with
readings within 6 percent of the standard gases for
both hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Graphical
and statistical analysis of the results showed signifi-
cant variations In the measurements at only a few lo-
cations. Although the basic instrumentation at each
station was very similar, the degree of computer auto-
mation and instrument calibration procedures varied
widely from program to program.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, Maintenance, Measurements, Calibration,
Reliability, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Statisti-
cal analysis, Accuracy, Vehicle inspection, Exhaust
system inspection, Inspection stations.
PB-293 637/5 PC A02/MF AQ1
Comparisons of Models Predicting Ambient Lake
Phosphorus Concentrations. Rept. for 7 Mar-14
Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Stephen C. Hern, Victor W. Lambou, and Llewellyn R.
Williams. Feb 79,18p EPA/600/3-79/012
The Votlenweider, Dillon, and Larsen/Mercier models
for predicting ambient lake phosphorus concentrations
and classifying lakes by trophic state are compared in
this report. The Dillon and Larsen/Mercier models
gave comparable results In ranking 39 lakes relative to
known ambient phosphorus concentrations. The Vol-
lenweider model, which does not include a phospho-
rus retention capacity component, was unable to
achieve the high rank correlations found with the other
models. Trophic state predictions from the phosphorus
loading models are compared with National Eutrophi-
cation Survey lake report designations.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Lakes, 'Water quality,
Mathematical models, Banking,
Concentration(Composition), Classifications,
Tables(Data), 'Trophic level, Organic loading.
PB-293 665/6 CP T02
Power Plant Stack Plumes In Complex Terrain:
Data Collected during and Aerometrlc Field Study.
Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
George C. Holzworth, and Dale H. Coventry. Sep 77,
mag tape EPA/DF-79/003
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
Includes documentation, PB-293 866.
December 1983 637
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Air quality and meteprological data collected, proc-
essed, and edited during the Clinch River Power Plant
Plume Study (June 1976 through September 1977) are
contained on one magnetic tape. The thirty-four files
on the tape contain data of six types: (1) fixed-station
data, (2) mobile ground monitoring date, (3) airborne
monitoring data, (4) sulfate measurements, (5) upper
air meteorological data, and (6) plant operating data.
The fixed-station files contain hourly averages of S02,
NOx, N02 and NO along with wind and temperature
data. Ground mobile files contain pollutant and mete-
orological data from both stationary and mobile moni-
toring modes. The airborne files are in the form of a
series of traverses across the plume between speci-
fied check points. Sulfate measurements were taken
at selected times at the fixed stations and by mobile
van. The upper-air file contains pibal and T-sonde ob-
servations of vertical profiles of temperature, wind
speed, and direction. Hourly emission rates of S02
and NO along with generator loads and stack data are
contained on the plant operations file. The order in
which the files are organized on the tape, formats for
each file type, and a description of the data are con-
tained in Appendix C of the report describing the field
study.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Electric power plants, *Air pol-
lution, 'Plumes, Chimneys, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Wind ve-
locity, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Wind
direction, Sulfates, Laboratory equipment, Surveys, At-
mospheric diffusion, Climatology, Field tests, Sites,
Monitoring, Virginia, Stationary sources, 'Air quality,
•Clinch River Steam Power Plant.
PB-293 666/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Power Plant Stack Plumes In Complex Terrain: De-
scription of an Aerometrlc Field Study. Interim
rept. Apr 76-Oct 78,
Geomet, Inc., Galthersbura, MD.
Robert C. Koch, W. Gale Biggs, Douglas Cover, Harry
Rector, and Paul F. Stenberg. Jan 79,172p GEOMET-
EF-678(5125)l EPA/600/7-79/010A,, EPA/DF-79/
003A
Contract EPA-68-02-2260
For data file on magnetic tape, see PB-293 665.
Air quality and meteorological data collected, proc-
essed, and edited during the Clinch River Power Plant
Plume Study (June 1976 through September 1977) are
contained on one magnetic tape. The thirty-four files
on the tape contain data of six types- (1) fixed-station
data, (2) mobile ground monitoring data, (3) airborne
monitoring data, (4) sulfate measurements, (5) upper-
air meteorological data, and (6) plant operating data.
The fixed-station files contain hourly averages of SO2,
NOx, NO2 and NO along with wind and temperature
data. Ground mobile files contain pollutant and mete-
orological data from both stationary and mobile moni-
toring modes. The airborne files are in the form of a
series of traverses across the plume between speci-
fied check points. Sulfate measurements were taken
at selected times at the fixed stations and by mobile
van. The upper-air file contains pibal and T-sonde ob-
servations of vertical profiles of temperature, wind
speed, and direction. Hourly emission rates of SO2
and NO along with generator loads and stack data are
contained on the plant operations file. The order in
which the files are organized on the tape, formats for
each file type, and a description of the data are con-
tained in Appendix C of the report describing the field
study.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, 'Air pollution,
'Plumes, Chimneys, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Wind velocity,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Wind direc-
tion, Sulfates, Laboratory equipment, Surveys, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Climatology, Field tests, Sites, Moni-
toring, Virginia, Stationary sources, 'Air quality,
'Clinch River Steam Power Plant.
PB-203 731/6 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
field Testa of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Stte A (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.
Jun-Doc 77,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. E. Gabrielson, P. L. Langsloen, and T. C. Kosvlc.
Deo 78,279p EPA/600/7-78/136B
638 Vol. 83, No. 26
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-285 172. Sponsored
in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Association,
Arlington, VA.
The supplement is a compilation of test data in greater
detail than was practical in the final report. It provides
details to other researchers who are interested in per-
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
final report for: objectives; descriptions of the facility
tested, coals fired, test equipment, and procedures; in-
terpretations; and conclusions. The final report also
contains data summaries not found in the supplement.
The supplement contains panel board data for each
test; detailed paniculate, O2, C02, CO, NO, SO2, and
SO3 data; particle size distribution data; modified
spoke spot data; and data on chemical analysis of the
coal and coal size consistency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Tables(Data), Performance evaluation, Particle size
distribution, Field tests, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Sam-
pling, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Field tests, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxlde(NO), Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trloxide, Efficiency,
Concentration(Compositlon), *Air pollution sampling.
PB-293 761/3 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Reverse Osmosis Renovation of Secondary Efflu-
ent. Final rept.,
Fluid Systems Dtv. of UOP, Inc., San Diego, CA.
James E. Beckman. Apr 79,61 p EPA/600/2-79/086
Grant EPA-R-802004
A demonstration of the performance and economics of
reverse osmosis treatment of municipal secondary ef-
fluent on a sufficient scale to project large plant costs
was attempted. The desalted effluent was blended
with additional secondary effluent and used for irriga-
tion through an existing irrigation system. A plastic-
lined evaporation pond was constructed for brine dis-
posal during the project. This report covers a demon-
stration of reverse osmosis renovation of secondary
effluent at the Southside Water Reclamation Facility of
the City of Escondido, California.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Reverse osmosis,
*Demineralization, 'Water reclamation, Cost analysis,
Lake Hodges, Concentration(Composition), Pilot
plants, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Proc-
ess charting, Graphs, Desalting, Ponds, Linings, Cali-
fornia, 'Reverse osmosis desalination,
Escondido(California), 'Secondary sewage treatment,
'Water quality.
PB-293 764/7 PC A03/MF A01
Transient Cycle Arrangement for Heavy-Duty
Engine and Chassis Emission Testing. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France. Aug 78,46p HDV-78-04
Olson Laboratories, EPA's heavy-duty cycle develop-
ment contractor, has generated various nominal 5-
minute chassis and engine cycles from the CAPE-21
data base. The Emission Control Technology Division
of EPA has In turn, selected the best cycle in each cat-
egory for which cycles were generated (both chassis
and engine cycles). The final step in ECTD's HD tran-
sient cycle development effort is the arrangement of
these five minute cycles into one cycle which exhibits
the proper trip characteristics as determined from the
CAPE-21 survey data. The purpose of this report is to
identify the cycle arrangement that has the proper trip
characteristics and which also meets certain practical
requirements. Chassis and engine cycle arrangements
for both HD gasoline and diesel vehicles are devel-
oped. The equations necessary for exhaust emission
calculations are also presented.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, Periodic vari-
ations, Gasoline engines, Diesel engines, Statistical
data, Air pollution, New York, California, Heavy duty
vehicles, Transient cycles, Los Angeles(Californla),
New York Clty(New York).
PB-293 766/2 PC A04/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption or »
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Over Various Driving
Cycles - GMC Astro 95,8V-71 NA. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Aug 78, 51pHDV-78-10
This report presents exhaust emissions and fuel econ-
omy measurements for one heavy-duty diesel verow
operated over various driving cycles. Tfiese oriv™
cycles were developed from actual in-use operano'""
data collected in New York and Los Angeles unaer""
CAPE-21 program. In each location, data collectea iw
freeway and non-freeway operation was segregates n
data matrix (relating speed, acceleration and fl»l"™L
cy of occurance) was prepared for each city ana Jjr.
of operation. The test program was designed to evaw
ate the concept of chassis testing for large diesei vein
cles. Along with this goal, it was desired to deterl™"f
emission factors and fuel consumption by <»Je8oflLS[
ooeration and to determine the variation with vemw°
^oiioiLiviiy ui DI inaaiuiia onu iwoi uwi i»«M'f*""', -i-q
be established. Finally, the effect of 'linearized cycles,
steady state tests cold start operation were ev- • •
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, *B*[
consumotion. Hvdrocarhons Nitroaen oxides, Carpon
PB-293 769/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, u»-
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement. . .
Calibration and Performance Evaluation of •
Single-Wavelength Transmlssometer for Monttor
Ing Partlculate Mass Concentration of Emission*
from Stationary Sources. Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Edward E. Uthe. Jul 78, 38p
Contract EPA-68-01-4137
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This experimental study investigated the validity of
using a single-wavelength infrared transmissometer w
measure mass concentration of particulate ernl*f9!J!!
from stationary sources. Previous data and theory
have indicated that an optimum wavelength region »•>
to 4 micrometers) exists for relating aerosol extincDO"
to mass concentration, independent of size of yw
scattering particles. Results show that the extinction-
to-mass concentration ratio for a given aerosol W*£
dependent on particle size at the visible wavelengjn
but nearly independent of particle size at the infrareo
wavelength. Therefore, the infrared transmissometer
is an eminently suitable instrument for monitoring
mass concentration of particulate emissions with un-
controlled particle sizes. Moreover, the results op-
tained for the different particle types indicate that tnis
transmissometar can provide estimates of particular
volume concentration that are nearly independent 01
particle shape, composition, or size.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, 'Particles, 'Transmisso-
meters, Air pollution, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Mass, Aerosols, Gas analysis, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis^
Concentration(Composition), Particle size, Laboratory
equipment, Calibrating, Fly ash, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Infrared transmissometers, Stationary sources.
P8-293 795/1 PC A13/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
Traingle Park, NC.
IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environ-
mental Assessment (Second Edition). Final rept-
Dec 76-Jan 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. E. Lentzen, D. E. Wagoner, E. D. Estes, and W. F.
Gutknecht. Oct 78,279p EPA/600/7-78/201
Contract EPA-68-02-2156
Supersedes PB-2S7 850.
The report gives revised Level 1 environmental as-
sessment procedures (recommended by EPA's Indus-
trial Environmental Research Laboratory, Researcn
Triangle Park) for personnel experienced in collecting
and analyzing samples from Industrial and energy p<°~
duclng processes. The strategy provides a framework
for determining Industrial process and stream priorities
on the basis of a staged sampling and analysis tech-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
l 1 is a screening phase that characterizes
srei T.1 P°ter|tial of process influent and effluent
tlone . e manual is divided into two major sec-
cuss' ff^'ng to procedure used. Chapters 3-7 dis-
siono samP'lng procedures for gases, fugitive emis-
mainrtJlqU,ld^ (including slurries), and solids. The re-
BroroH r he manual is divided into three chapters on
Marh . in?raanic, organic, and particle analy-
sing. Ter " briefly discusses bioassay procedures.
cornrSn8 assessment techniques are detailed in a
c°rnpanion procedures manual
\/e'- "Sampling, 'Manuals, 'Environmental sur-
WaL Uloassay. Assessments, Particles, Air pollution,
waatBs P,ollution' Combustion products, Industrial
Slurrio ,or9anic compounds, Organic compounds,
Public k L.ab°ratory equipment, Sites, Toxicology,
Water ,tn' Quality assurance, Chemical analysis,
Chm™ ana|ysls, Gas analysis, Mass spectroscopy,
wjroi matograprvy, 'Air pollution sampling, "Water pol-
Wetor ,mp.lin9. 'Solid wastes, Fugitive emissions,
«w pollution detection, Procedures.
tartaM? PCA08/MFA01
angll'g9! Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
an?*»R,L'"RT') Procedures for Level 2 Sampling
°' Or8anlc Materlal8> Final task rePt'
J"n-Dec7 ° r8anc aterla8>
j1 ceAAl*ur D.), inc., Cambridge, MA.
Undaaa.m=\M' J' Haves. p- L Le^ins,
y b 79' 164 EPA/600/7-79
—lusm, c i. - • . Levins, and D. B.
Contr«y; S? 79' 164P EPA/600/7-79/033
Contract EPA-68-02-S150
also report dated Feb 78, PB-279 212.
InnVh!!""81' 9ivin9 Level 2 Procedures for sampling
a 8ter> • £al analysis of organic materials, represents
for V* • development of a general methodology
msnt£emical and Diological assessment of environ-
cenhT effects of industrial effluents. It presents con-
of mo,8,. ,99r>eral guidelines, together with a number
DropoH fully developed, tested, and validated Level 2
eort , ,
Dllnn ?s' Tne accumulation of experience in sam-
antsie". chemical analysis of environmental pollut-
is evrS, if D° means complete, however. The process
Wteiu I? to continue for some time, perhaps indefl-
of a,L ers of the manual will therefore find a number
neertlfi3 n wnioh a<*ditional research and testing is
torSr :.and in wnicn present knowledge is insufficient
fwirt hard and fast procedures to be established.
anahISrds,:,,*0r9anic compounds, Sampling, Chemical
chrS Water analysis, Gas analysis, Particles, Gas
tfo'uJ ["atography, Mass spectroscopy, Infrared spec-
sr»Mrpy' Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ultraviolet
wasto ^£°p.v' Combustion products, Industrial
lutinn i. ptical microscopes, Air pollution, Water pol-
Manuals, Environmental surveys, *Air pollution
10" "Water pollution detection, 'Solid wastes,
, ,
Dhv i? emissions, Procedures, Liquid chromatogra-
F" Performance liquid chromatography, Gel
n ,
B£ tlon chromatography, Air pollution sampling,
aier pollution sampling.
3 826M PC A14/MF A01
entei Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substances.
m ln Food* * Review of the World's Lit-
Rnal reP'"
Na«onal Lab., TN.
n.
OBMi ; DrurV' and Anna S. Mammons. Feb 79, 307p*
Con. /EIS-149, EPA/560/2-78/007
Contract W-7405-eng-26
the8 8tu.dy tabulated detailed information for most of
lishoH 9-lnal measurements of cadmium in foods pub-
IntoL Slnce 1940 and summarizes estimates of dietary
connf- of cadmium in the United States and foreign
?8- Cadmium concentrations are indicated for
1500 individual foods listed alphabetically and
easing concentration within typical food cate-
Separate compilations are provided for foods
anS « "9 in contaminated and uncontaminated areas
z"° 'or domestic and foreign products. Most foods
r«na)ned low concentrations of cadmium, generally
1 * n 0.050 m/k, wet weiht. Concentrations of
i were greatest In shellfish, leafy vegetables,
8ni~-~,"8> grain and cereal products, and selected
th«T'organs, particularly kidneys and liver. Based on
"IB IflhlilatoH Ha*a the. auAranA rlalki I I C «JI*h*A«i
lrrtLtabulated data, the average daily U.S. dietary
££? a,PPean» to lie within the range 30 to 50 mlcro-
"H"18- This estimate Is 42% to 68% of the total toler-
5.™ "mit of 400 to 500 micrqgra
m«nded by the World Health Orgi
little room for intake from other environmental or occu-
pational sources.
Keywords: "Cadmium, 'Food contamination, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Metals, Reviews, Diets
Concentration(Composition), Food processing Statis-
tical data, Estimates, Consumption, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Analytical methods, Bloaccumulation
PB-293 830/6 PC A02/MF A01
A Preliminary Examination of the Repeatability of
the Heavy-Duty Transient Dynamometer Emission
Test. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor Ml
Standards Development and Support Branch
William B. Clemmens. Jun 78,10p HDV-78-06
The heavy-duty transient procedure Is a new test pro-
cedure, and a preliminary estimate of the accuracy of
the test results gathered to date (April 28,1978) was of
paramount Interest in evaluating the test procedure.
The purpose of this report is to briefly examine the re-
peatability (errors due to lack of precision) of this new
procedure.
keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions Per-
formance evaluation, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Error analysis, 'Heavy duty vehi-
cles, Procedures.
PB-293 842/1 PC A06/MF A01
Analysis of Hot/Cold Cycle Requirements for
Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France. Jul 78,76p HDV-78-05
EPA has recently been Involved In the development of
transient engine and chassis cycles from the CAPE-21
survey data. The CAPE-21 survey data was gathered
from eighty-eight In-use trucks; forty-four in New York
City and forty-four In Los Angeles. Vehicle speed,
engine rpm, engine power, engine temperature, and
vanous traffic and road describers were recorded on
tape, at approximately one second intervals. Prior to
the actual generation of the cycles, the need for a
unique cold start cycle (engine and/or chassis) was in-
vestigated. This report summarizes this investigation.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Operating characteristic curve,
Temperature, Periodic variations, Statistical data, Kol-
mogorov-Smlrnov tests, Gasoline engines, Diesel en-
gines, California, New York, Heavy duty vehicles, Cold
starts, Los Angeles(California), New York Clty(New
York).
estimate Is 42% to 88% of the total toler-
irams per week recom-
lanlzatlon, and leaves
PB-293 843/9 PC A03/MF A01
Truck Driving Pattern and Use Survey Phase II.
Final Report, Part II, Los Angeles. Final Technical
Support rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Leroy Higdon. May 78,48p HDV-78-03
See also Part 1, dated Jun 77, PB-284 664.
The report presents the data collection procedures
used in Phase II Part II of the CAPE-21, Truck Driving
Pattern and Use Survey. It covers only the data collec-
tion in Los Angeles, and describes collection process-
es, equipment, personnel, sample plans and resultant
data base.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Traffic surveys, Urban areas,
Sampling, Data acquisition, Statistical analysis, En-
gines, Personnel, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution,
California, 'Driving patterns, Los AngeleslCalifomla),
'User surveys.
PB-293 875/1 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demonstration/Evaluation of the Cat-Ox Flue On
Demilfurlzatlon System. Final rept. Jun 70-Oct 75,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Dlv.
R. Bee, R. Reale, and A. Wallo. Mar 78,426p M77-23,
EPA/600/2-78/063
Contract EPA-68-02-0650
The report gives a comprehensive summary of the ex-
perience gained and the problems encountered during
the Cat-Ox demonstration program. The report out-
lines the process design and construction, as well as
operating experience and problems. Test results and
conclusions derived from baseline testing, acceptance
testing, ESP testing, transient testing, and a number of
special tests and studies associated with the system
are reported.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Catalysis, Oxidation,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Combustion
products, Equipment, Industrial wastes, Flue gases,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide. Corrosion, 'Catalytic oxi-
dation process, Baseline measurements.
PB-293 888/4 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Combustion Modifications to In-
dustrial Combustion Equipment (Data Supplement
A). Rept. for Jan 76-Jan 78,
KVB Engineering, Inc., Tustin, CA.
K. T. Fisher, H. J. Buening, W. A. Carter, P. K. Engel,
and S. C. Hunter. Feb 79,504p KVB-6002-734A-1,
EPA/600/7-79/0158
Contract EPA-68-02-2144
See also report dated Feb 79, PB-282 880.
The supplement provides raw data from a study of the
effects of combustion modifications on air pollutant
emissions from a variety of industrial combustion
equipment. Tested were 22 units, including refinery
process heaters; clay and cement kilns; steel and alu-
minum furnaces; boilers burning black liquor, wood-
bark, and CO gas; Internal combustion engines; and
gas turbine combined cycles. Process variables, fuel
types, excess air reduction, burner adjustments, and
staged combustion were evaluated primarily for their
effect on NOx emissions. Emissions of NOx, SOx, CO,
and HC were measured on all units. Emissions of par-
ticulate mass and size, trace species, and organics
were measured on selected units. This data supple-
ment is Intended for researchers who wish to perform
their own detailed calculations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Concentration(Composition), Hy-
drocarbon, Particles, Trace elements, Revisions, Or-
ganic compounds, Tables(Data), 'Combustion modifi-
cation, Staged combustion.
PB-293 907/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Tloga River Mine Drainage Abatement Project.
Final rept. Nov 71-Jul 78,
Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
burg, PA.
A. F. Miorin, R. S. Klingensmith, R. E. Heizer, and J. R.
Saliunas. Feb 79,97p EPA/600/7-79/035
Grant EPA-S-805784
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-254 418. Prepared in
cooperation with Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental
Resources, Harrisburg.
The Tloga River Demonstration Project in southeast-
ern Tioga County, Pennsylvania, is essentially defined
by an isolated pocket of coal that has been extensively
deep and strip mined within the Pennsylvania Bitumi-
nous Coal Field. The Tioga River watershed is subject-
ed to acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in the
vicinity of the Borough of Blossburg and the Village of
Morris Run. The project demonstrated effective tech-
niques for mine drainage abatement, reduced a specif-
ic mine drainage problem, and restored portions of a
strip mined area to their approximate original surface
grades. Techniques demonstrated Included: Restora-
tion of strip pits utilizing agricultural limestone and
wastewater sludge as soil conditioners; burial of acid-
forming materials within strip mines that were restored;
and reconstruction and lining of a stream channel. Ef-
fectiveness of these preventive measures and their
costs were determined.
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Coal, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Tloga River, Drainage, Strip mining, Land
reclamation, Watersheds, Project planning, Earth fills,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Acidity, Pits(Excavations),
Soil conservation, Limestone, Sludge, Channel Im-
provements, Cost analysis, Pennsylvania, 'Mine acid
drainage, Tloga County(Pennsylvania), 'Water quality
data.
December 1983 639
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-294 042/7 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter Model Format Change; Volume II.
User'* Guide. Final rept. Nov 77-Dec 78,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Richard Dennis, and Hans A. Klemm. Feb 79, 31 p
GCA-TR-78-51 -G(2), EPA/600/7-79/043B
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also Volume 1, PB-293 551.
The report describes an improved mathematical model
for use by control personnel to determine the adequa-
cy of existing or proposed filter systems designed to
minimize coal fly ash emissions. Several time-saying
steps have been introduced to facilitate model applica-
tion by Agency and other groups. To further aid the
model user, the study is in two volumes: a detailed
technical report and a user's guide. By using selected
combustion, operating, and design parameters, the
model user can forecast the expected emissions and
filter pressure loss. The program affords the option of
providing readily appraised summary performance sta-
tistics or highly detailed results. Several built-in error
checks prevent the generation of useless data and
avoid unnecessary computer time. The model takes
into account the concentration and physical properties
of the dust, air/cloth ratio, sequential compartmen-
tlzed operation, and the method, intensity, and fre-
quency of cleaning. The model function depends on
the unique fabric cleaning and dust penetration prop-
erties observed with several coal fly ashes (including
lignite) and woven glass fabrics.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Math-
ematical models, Fly ash, Coal, Dust collectors,
Tables(Data), Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Particles, 'Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB-294 046/8 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Dlv.
Reactions of Oxy Radicals In the Atmosphere.
Final rept. Jun 75-78,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. G. Hendry, R. A. Kenely, J. E. Davenport, and B. Y.
Lan. Mar 79,81 p EPA/600/3-79/020
Grant EPA-603864
Results are presented of a research program con-
cerned with the study of selected reactions of impor-
tance in atmospheric chemistry. The decomposition of
peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) was studied over the tem-
perature range 25-39C. The rate constant was deter-
mined to be log k = 16.29 - 26,910/4.576 T. The reac-
tions of acetylperoxy radicals with NO and NO2 were
Investigated. The ratio of the rate constants for these
reactions was determined to be k(NO)/k(NO)2 = 3.0
+ or • 0.7. The products of the reaction of OH with var-
ious aromatic compounds were also determined. The
Investigation showed that the reaction of OH with
simple aromatic hydrocarbons proceeds by two major
pathways, abstraction of a hydrogen atom in the ben-
zylic position or addition of OH To the aromatic ring.
Ratios of the rate of abstraction versus addition were
determined for toluene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene and
1,3,5-trlmethylbenzene. Results of a study to elucidate
the products and mechanism of the reaction of OH
with benzaldehyde are also presented. Research
showed that this reaction proceeds exclusively by ab-
straction of the aldehydic hydrogen.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Peroxy organic compounds,
Free radicals, Reaction kinetics, Nitrogen oxide(NO),
Nitrogen dioxide, Toluene, Chemical reactions, Atmos-
pheric composition, 'Atmospheric chemistry, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Hy-
droxyl radicals, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Ben-
zene/dimethyl, Benzene/trimethyl.
PB-294 088/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Category Selection for Transient Heavy-Duty and
Engine Cycles. Technical support rept. for regulatory
action,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France. May 78,78p HDV-78-01
The Emission Control Technology Division (ECTD) of
EPA has generated heavy-duty transient engine and
chassis cycles representative of the truck operational
data collected during the CAPE-21 survey. This report
summarizes the considerations and decision process
used in arriving at the final vehicle categories for which
heavy-duty transient cycles were developed. Statisti-
cal comparisons between various operational param-
eters were primarily relied upon in selecting the valid
category combinations. It was possible to reduce the
original number of vehicle categories from 28 to 9 for
engine cycles and from 28 to 5 for chassis cycles.
Keywords: "Trucks, 'Buses, 'Internal combustion en-
gines, 'Periodic variations, Gasoline engines, Diesel
engines, Chassis, Statistical distribution, Fuel con-
sumption, Air pollution, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB-294 098/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Current Methods to Measure Atmospheric Nitric
Acid and Nitrate Artifacts,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert K. Stevens. Mar 79,99p* EPA/600/2-79/051
Presentations given at a workshop on 'Measurement
of Atmospheric Nitrates' (Southern Pines, N.C. Octo-
ber 3-4, 1978) are documented. The authors consider
various analytical methods to measure ambient con-
centrations of nitric acid and artifact nitrate formation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitric acid, 'Inorganic ni-
trates, 'Gas analysis, 'Meetings, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Electrochemistry, Che-
miluminescence, Monitoring, Coulometers, Filtration,
Particles, Laboratory equipment, Fourier transform in-
frared spectroscopy.
PB-294 141/7 PC A12/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Environmental Statistics, 1978.
Center for Environmental Reporting, Washington, DC.
Mar 79,264p
Contracts EQ8AC004, EQ7AC003
Prepared in cooperation with Sigma Data Computing
Corp., Rockvllle, MD. Sponsored in part by Geological
Survey, Reston, VA. Resource and Land Investiga-
tions Program, and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Environmental Statistics 1978 is a book of tables. They
contain environmental data, primarily in time series
form, chosen to provide an accurate record of impor-
tant and recent trends in the environment. The publica-
tion contains approximately 200 tables organized into
twelve chapters dealing with land and land-based ac-
tivities (population growth and distribution, land use,
wetlands, wilderness, parks, historic sites, risk zones,
human settlements, transportation, industrial produc-
tion, solid waste, hazardous substances, cropland, for-
ests, grazing land, wildlife, and energy), water (water
resources and water quality), and air (air quality). Envi-
ronmental Statistics 1978 is not comprehensive in cov-
erage nor do the tables include sufficient detail for re-
gional and local analysis.
Keywords: Statistical data, Tables(Data), Populations,
Land use, Natural resources, National parks, Houses,
Neighborhoods, Transportation, Industries, Produc-
tion, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Land, Wild-
life, Energy, Water resources, Water quality, 'Environ-
mental protection, Wilderness areas, Scenic rivers, In-
dustrial production, Solid waste disposal, Air quality,
Environmental quality, Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB-294 187/0 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Data -1978 First Quarter Statistics.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Nov 78,113p EPA/450/2-78/043
See also report dated May 78, PB-283 160.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient
air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring oper-
ations of State, local and Federal networks in accord-
ance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA
Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
These data represent all ambient air quality data sam-
pled for pollutants that currently have National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hy-
drocarbons, Oxidizers, Ozone, Carbon monoxide,
States(United States), 'Air quality data, Storage and
retrieval of aerometrlc data, Air quality control regions.
PB-294 193/8 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, u~-
Office of Solid Waste. .».i«.|s of
Resource and Environmental Profile Analy»» "'
Five Milk Container Systems. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Richard O. Welsh, and Robert G. Hunt. 1978, 2<&P
EPA/530/SW-168C
Contract EPA-68-01-2953 , tri
Prepared in cooperation with Franklin Associates, LIU.,
Prairie Village, KS.
This study provides a comparison of the resource an
environmental implications of using a variety pi reini
able and nonrefillable containers for the delivery u
fluid milk. The study uses a resource and erwironrrwn
tal profile analysis to compare the resource mPu!S *' f
environmental outputs of each of the systems eval"°d
ed. Resource inputs are raw materials, energy a
water. Environmental outputs are industrial so""
waste, atmospheric emissions, waterborne wa=™f'
and postconsumer solid waste. The study compel""
milk delivered in paperboard cartons, nonreflHaw"
plastic bottles, refutable plastic bottles, refillable gia»
bottles, and plastic pouches.
Keywords: 'Containers, 'Milk, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Dairy equipment, Plastics, Paperboards, /w,
lution, Water pollution, Glassware, (
tion, Flavor, Solid wastes.
Public health, Nutri-
PB-294211/8 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. .
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy: Prominent Lines. Final rept. Mar "
Feb 78,
Ames Lab., IA. , ,„
R. K. Winge, V. J. Peterson, and V. A. Fassel. Mar 7B,
72p EPA/600/4-79/017
Nearly every phase of environmental protection de-
pends on a capability to identify and measure spear*
pollutants in the environment. As part of the researc"
on the occurrence, movement, transformation, irnP°S.,
and control of environmental contaminants, new teen-
niques for identifying and measuring chemical con-
stituents of water and soil have been developed, i no
use of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic; enw-
sion spectroscopy is expected to increase rapidly »"
analytical chemists confront new problems in elemen-
tal characterization. This report records the prominent
lines of the ICP emission spectra of some 70 elernenw
as the first step in the development of a spectral atia»
that would serve as a useful tool in the selection °'
analytical lines for this spectroscopic technique.
Keywords: 'Atomic spectroscopy, 'Emission spec-
troscopy, 'Plasmas(Physics), 'Trace elements,
'Water pollution, Line spectra, Comparison,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Chemice'
analysis, Soil analysis, 'Prominent lines, Procedures.
PB-294 214/2 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research I n-
angle Park, NC. .„
Application of Combustion Modifications of in-
dustrial Equipment. Final rept. Jan 76-May 77,
KVB, Inc., Justin, CA.
S. C. Hunter, W. A. Carter, M. W. McElroy, S. S. Cherry,
and H. J. Buening. Jan 79, 556p KVB-6002-743, EPA/
600/7-79/015
Contract EPA-68-02-2144
The report gives results of a field test program to
evaluate the effect of minor combustion modifications
on pollutant emissions from a variety of industrial corn-
bustion equipment types. Tested were 22 units, includ-
ing refinery process heaters; clay and cement kilns;
steel and aluminum furnaces; boilers burning blacK
liquor, wood bark, and CO gas; internal combustion en-
gines; and gas-turbine combined cycles. Process var-
iables, fuel types, excess air reduction, burner adjust-
ments, and staged combustion were evaluated primar-
ily for their effect on NOx emissions. Emissions ot
NOx, SOx, CO, and HC were measured on all units-
Emissions of paniculate mass and size, trace species,
and organics were measured on selected units. Base-
line (as-found) NOx emissions from the test units
varied from 35 to 1320 ng/J (52 to 2250 ppm correct-
ed to 3% 02, dry basis). With combustion modifica-
tions, NOx emissions from some units were reduced
by up to 69%; however, for certain kinds of equipment,
NOx reductions were low or insignificant. The main
840 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
aSiIU,?'0n was that combustion modifications can be
hx;!/ to many devices without process disruption;
nr*ever' Process limitations on certain types of equip-
achie ^d'"01 the de9ree of NOx reduction that can be
s5[words: "Air pollution control, Internal combustion
ti *• ' industrial wastes, Combustion products, Gas
M Heaters, Organic compounds, Particles, Equip-
taria T d tests' Performance evaluation, Design cri-
Sto .Trace elements, "Combustion modification,
°'aged combustion.
aS*9"} 221/7 PC A02/MF A01
S'I'ctlon of Transient Cycles for Heavy-Duty Ve-
c5 ?•• Technical rept.,
|,:™onrnental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
TiSi u?rds Development and Support Branch.
W Wysor, and Chester France. Jun 78,17p HDV-78-
n,nus!''t of EPA's heavy-duty cycle development
Eai'Sc has been the computer-generation of some 35
chassis cycles by the contractor, Olson
r*«- This collection of cycles, synthesized from
EPA » u« n drivin9 data, has been narrowed down by
both i ur cycles representing truck operation under
r"
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
produce optimum performance with the elutriatiqn
mode of separating the phosphorus from the sludge in
the anoxic zone (stripper tank). The full scale system
consisted of a temporary modification of the Reno/
Sparks plant. Treating one-third of the plant flow
(25,000 cu m/d) was first tested using the thickening
mode of separating phosphorus from the sludge in the
thickener. Later two-thirds of the plant flow (51,000 cu
m/d) was treated utilizing the elutriation method.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Phosphorus, Aerobic processes, Biomass,
Separated, Performance evaluation, Dewatering,
Process charting, Nevada, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Design criteria, Calcium oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Microorganisms, Cost
analysis, 'Waste recycling, 'PhoStrip process, Anoxic
processes, Sparks(Nevada).
PB-294 293/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design Optimization and Field Verification of an
Integrated Residential Furnace. Phase I. Rept. for
Aug 76-Dec 78,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Rocketdyne
Div.
A. S. Okunda, and L. P. Combs. Feb 79,157p EPA/
600/7-79/037A
Contract EPA-68-02-2174
The report describes Phase 1 of a two-phase investi-
gation to: (1) further optimize the design of a prototype
few-emission residential furnace that was derived from
earlier EPA-funded studies; and (2) obtain field verifi-
cation of its emission and performance characteristics.
It gives details of: (1) analytical and experimental stud-
ies to optimize the furnace design and its nominal op-
erating ranges, and to ensure conformance with ap-
propriate safety standards; (2) planning all aspects of
the Phase 2 field test investigation, including selection
of test locales and host homes, provision of local in-
stallation and service support, and all logistic and
scheduling considerations; and (3) studies of the inte-
grated furnace's capabilities to function properly with
such alternate fuels as natural gas and methanol. The
prototype furnace, with a cast iron firebox, met all
emission goals (i.e., NOx less than 0.65 g/kg, CO less
than 1.0 g/kg, UHC less than 0.1 g/kg, and a Bachar-
ach smoke number less than 1) at low excess air
(20%). Based on climatic characteristics and available
support services, Albany and Boston were selected for
field verification of furnace performance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Furnaces, 'Residen-
tial buildings, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Revisions, Field tests, Fuels, Substitutes, Natural gas,
Methyl alcohol.
PB-294 303/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Report of the Workshop on Biological Screening
Tests Held at Las Vegas, Nevada on September
12-14,1977. Final rept.,
Tracor Jitco, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Charles A. Bicking. Jan 79,52p EPA/600/9-79/004
Contract EPA-CB-7-0913-B
The report contains recommendations for selecting
substantially predictive biological screening tests. The
large number of chemicals which can potentially
impact human health and the environment precludes
the complete testing of each substance. In order to
effect preliminary chemical hazard ranking, initial tests
must be standardized and validated and the necessary
quality control practices and techniques developed
and implemented. This report contains recommenda-
tions for selecting substantially predictive biological
screening tests upon which the Agency's quality assur-
ance resources may be initially concentrated.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Tests, Recommendations, Laboratory animals,
Chemical analysis, Toxicity, Soils, Humans, Tissue cul-
ture, In vitro analysis, Physiological effects, Animal
models, 'Screening(Selection), Monitoring, 'Toxic
substances, Mutagenesis, Ecosystems.
PB-294 337/1 PC A10/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
General Design Requirements for a Chemical
Testing Support System. Final rept.,
Sigma Data Computing Corp., Rockville, MD.
Hita F. Bergman, Laurance J. Milask, and Robert H.
Stratman. Nov 78,206p
Contract EQ7AC003
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, Food and Drug Administra-
tion, Washington, DC., and Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, Washington, DC.
A Chemical Testing Support System (CTSS) recom-
mended as one of the core components of the Chemi-
cal Substances Information Network (CSIN), would fa-
cilitate compliance with Federal government testing
and reporting requirements, and would simultaneously
provide a sophisticated mechanism for the analysis of
animal testing data. In a survey of existing systems, at-
tention focused on the Toxicology Data Management
System (TDMS), which is a prototype, automated
system for the conduct and evaluation of laboratory
animal experiments. The report outlines an implemen-
tation scenario for incorporating CTSS requirements
into the TDMS.
Keywords: 'Information systems, Design, Require-
ments, Objectives, Implementation, Data processing,
National government, Tests, Reporting, Experimental
data, Evaluation, User needs, 'Chemical analysis,
'Toxicology, 'Chemical Testing Support System, Toxi-
cology Data Management System.
PB-294 338/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Coal Conversion Wastewaters:
Characterization and Preliminary Blotreatability.
Rept. for Nov 76-May 78,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
P. C. Singer, F. K. Pfaender, J. Chinchilli, A. F.
Maciorowski, and J. C. Lamb, III. Sep 78,116p EPA/
600/7-78/181
GrantEPA-R-804917
The report gives results of the first phase of a project
to assess the environmental impact of coal conversion
wastewaters and to evaluate, by bench-scale tests, al-
ternative treatment methods. Characteristics of coal
conversion wastewaters were obtained from the litam>
ture and from information gathered during visits to
facilities for coal conversion process development. For
all these wastewaters, about 60-80% of total organic
carbon is phenolic. Remaining organic material in-
cludes, nitrogen-containing aromatics, oxygen- and
sulfur-containing heterocyclics, polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, and simple aliphatic acids. To test treat-
ment methods, especially biological treatability, on
these wastewaters, a synthetic wastewater was formu-
lated which includes 28 organic compounds, inorganic
nutrients, and pH buffering additives. For each class of
compounds in real wastewaters, one or more repre-
sentatives are in the synthetic wastewater at the ap-
propriate mean concentrations. Experiments are un-
derway using the synthetic wastewater at quarter
strength in Tour 25-liter biological treatment units.
These units are to test biodegradability as a function of
retention time and produce acclimated microorgan-
isms for use in respirometric studies.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
'Environmental impacts, Assessments, Technology,
Degradation, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Phen-
ols, Nitrogen organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Aliphatic acids, Toxicity, Pilot plants, Microor-
ganisms, 'Biological industrial waste treatment, 'Coal
liquefaction.
PB-294 356/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Survey of Fouling, Foam, Corrosion, and Scaling
Control In Iron and Steel Industry Recycle Sys-
tems. Final rept. Aug 77-Jan 78,
I IT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
K. S. Rajan. Jan 79, 53p EPA/600/2-79/024
Contract EPA-68-02-2617
The report gives results of a review of the state-of-the-
art for fouling, foaming, corrosion, and scaling control
in the treatment and recycle of process waters of inte-
grated iron and steel mills. Areas examined were-. (1)
the character of the wastewaters generated in the dif-
ferent processes associated with iron and steel
making, (2) current treatment practices of the recircu-
lating systems, and (3) corrosion, scaling, fouling, an"
foaming problems encountered in the treatment pro^j
esses and current methods for solving them. MUCHi o
the iron and steel industry wastewater is derived rrorn
noncontact cooling and scrubbing operations. P^eseni
technology appears adequate for treatment ana con-
trol of the noncontact cooling waters. Treatment ot trw
scrubber waters, which are highly contaminated wra>
suspended and dissolved solids and a variety of jsoll)S
ants, consists of removing the suspended solids anu
heat loads, decreasing the dissolved solid content w
blowdown, and recycling the process water. Chemical
scales and deposits constitute a major problem, «ino
are minimized by controlling the chemical stability w
the recirculating waters through acid addition anu
blowdown. Research and development recommenoea
for process water treatment under a high degree or re-
cycle include effective scale inhibition and control, anu
automatic process water chemical stability monitorma-
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Iron and steel in-
dustry, 'Corrosion, 'Foam, *Foulli°|
*Scale(Corrosion), Recirculation, Scrubbers, Industrial
waste treatment, Monitoring, Design criteria, '
ance evaluation, 'Waste water reuse, State o
PB-294 358/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Institutional Farms: Test Facilities for Integrate
Pest Management Strategies. An Abstract,
National Field Research Center, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Elizabeth G. Nielsen, Darold E. Albright, Jack F. Seum.
Marilyn J. Horton, and Elaine W. Clark. 1978,20p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The report presents a recommended framework for
the development of a national program to implemeni
integrated pest management (IPM) and scientific eco-
logical agricultural (or eco-agricultural) practices ana
training programs on institutional farms.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Horticulture, 'Education.
Project planning, Research management, Specialize"
training, Training programs, Institutional farming.
PB-294 363/7 PC A03/MF A01
Handbook for Preparing Office of Research ana
Development Reports. Revised.
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Dec 78, 40p EPA/600/9-78/032
Supersedes PB-256 800.
This document contains the essential specifications
set forth by the Office of Research and Developmeni
(ORD) to ensure that the results and conclusions on»
various research, development, and demonstraflon
programs are documented and printed in a uniform.
high quality, and cost-effective manner. It is specifical-
ly intended to assist those individuals responsible w
preparing ORD scientific and technical reports by pro-
viding consistent format specifications and guideline'
for the actual preparation of camera-ready reports.
Keywords: 'Technical writing, 'Specifications, Instruc-
tions, Standardization, Documentation, Legibility'
Handbooks, Technical reports, Preparation.
PB-294 367-SET _ „.,
PC$1460.00/MF$51.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles.
Renault, Inc., Englewooti Cliffs, NJ.
21 Nov 78,28354p-in 20v
Set includes PB-294 368 thru PB-294 387.
No abstract available.
PB-294 368/6 PC$46.50/MFf5.S°
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Renault Engine Famine*-
Renault, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
21 Nov 78,870p EPA/460/A-79/01
See also PB-294 369. „„
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
642 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"ear' each manufacturer of passenger cars,
uty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
*S?nJ lts to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
w5^er 9'ves ? detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
•*P«nations and/or drawings which describe engine/
aval pararneters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
nfnenr".ssion contro1 systems. The part I also provides
niormation on emission test procedures, service accu-
ma , on Procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
inn "4?nance requirements to be followed during test-
toei- part " application submitted after emission
»«!• 9 IS CQrnPleted, contains the results of emission
' „ 'Pn9. a statement of compliance to the regulations,
?"" maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
—.,«,. "Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, *Ex-
« emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
FiTLi a ' Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Ri« Sy.s'erTls. 'gnition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Renault Incorporated, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
<-orrective maintenance.
4 PC$22.SO/MF$4.75
rr™onmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
WPUcMion tor Certification for 1979 Model Year
"jr ught-Duty Vehicles - Part 1, 1, 11 Saab Scania
S' f'njrlca, Inc.
aaab-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
«1 Nov 78, 388p EPA/460/A-79/02
8*'80 PB-294 368, and PB-294 370.
-f Bailable in set of 20 reports PC$1 460.00,
1.00, PB-294 367-SET.
year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
«Sh ..uty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
wornits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
vah,"ri8r 9'V8S a Detailed technical description of the
com- or engines ne intends to market during the up-
eyni roc-del year. These engineering data include
V*P! an ations and/or drawings which describe engine/
svst Pa.ram.elers sucn as basic angine design, fuel
tiX *• '3n'tion systems and exhaust and evapora-
infnr *sion control systems. The part I also provides
on em|ssion test procedures, service accu-
'uiaiion procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
l' ""'enance requirements to be followed during test-
tesii • P811 " application submitted after emission
ta»! 9 ls comPleted, contains the results of emission
anrt 9l a statement of compliance to the regulations,
«"°fT'aintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
mate owners of the vehicles.
h^vw.ords: 'Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, "Ex-
Corrr emissi°ns. 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
lcation, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
' systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Scania Incorporated, Motor vehicles(1979
is), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 370/2 PC$22.75/MF$4.75
5"virpnmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
J?r. Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar/Engine Family/
Bri?*!" B/5°- Britl»h Leyland Motors, Inc.
- ,
9- ii -'and Motors, Inc., Leonia, NJ.
Sl^ov 78, 392p EPA/460/A-79/03
?*> also PB-294 369, and PB-294 371 .
232- available in set of 20 reports PC$1 460.00,
MF$51 .00, PB-294 367-SET.
year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
"> trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
Diir"."""'° ^P^ an application for certification. The ap-
(BM n Consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
veK 1er 9ives a de
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Chrysler Corporation, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 376/9 PC$65.25/MF$5.95
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz N.A. Inc.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
21 Nov 78, 1241pEPA/460/A-79/10
See also PB-294 375, and PB-294 377.
Also available in set of 20 reports PCS 1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust systems, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
Mercedes Benz Incorporated, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 377/7 PC$31.25/MF$4.90
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Alfa Romeo, Inc.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
21 Nov 78,562p EPA/460/A-79/11
See also PB-294 376, and PB-294 376.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
Alpha Romeo Incorporated, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 378/5 PC*77.50/MF*6.40
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi Motors Cor-
poration.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan),
21 Nov 78,1486p EPA/460/A-79/12
See also PB-294 377, and PB-294 379.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 379/3 PC$82.75/WF$6.55
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Porsche.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Culver City, CA. Los An-
geles Region.
21 Nov7§, 1592pEPA/460/A-79/l5
See also PB-294 376, and PB-294 380.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
PCS51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
Porsche automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 380/1 PCW2.50/MFW.65
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application tor Certlflcatton for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Audi.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
21 Nov 78,990p EPA/460/A-79/16
See also PB-294 379, and PB-294 381.
Also available in set of 20 reports PCS 1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after erniss°n
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by tne ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty ve"icj.°,'
Audi automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Cor-
rective maintenance.
PB-294 381/9 PC$97.25/MF$7.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, uo.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
tor Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
21 Nov 78,1884p EPA/460/A-79/17
See also PB-294 380, and PB-294 382. ^.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.uu.
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the ma"""
facturer gives a detailed technical description of tne
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe erl9'n~',
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuei
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and propose0
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
Volkswagen automobiles, Motor vehicles(l9'a
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 382/7 PC$75.50/MF$6.40
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpo-
ration.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
21 NOV 78,1448pEPA/460/A-79/18
See also PB-294 381, and PB-294 382.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MFS51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines. Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
American Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 383/5 PCS92.50/MFI8.85
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
644 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
TV, 8ht-DuW Vehicles - Toyota Motor Co.
loyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
Dec 78, 1789p EPA/460/ A-79/19
See also PB-294 383, and PB-294 384.
r.'|°,available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51 .00, PB-294 367-SET.
year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
«r,k -.uty trucks' motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
suornits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
VBh-ier gives ? de'ailed technical description of the
cnm- or en9ines ne intends to market during the up-
Doming model year. These engineering data include
°xP!anations and/or drawings which describe engine/
au«t Parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
we emission control systems. The part I also provides
niorrnation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
P°lr«enance requirements to be followed during test-
;"»;. lne part II application, submitted after emission
tot?"9 ls c°mpleted, contains the results of emission
,
•rt' a statement of compliance to the regulations,
Si™. Maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
nmate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, *Ex-
r£,r«!> emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
£«rnt!cation, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
r:uei systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
f£yota Motor Company, Motor vehio°es(1 979 models),
^Tectlve maintenance.
P?"?94 384/3 PC$27.25/MF$4.90
*. ,?nmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
t-Duty Vehicles - Rolls-Royce.
yce' lnc- Paramus, NJ.
9, 485p EPA/460/ A-79/20
2«e also PB-294 383, and PB-294 385.
Me2tavailable in se« of 20 Reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51 .00, PB-294 367-SET.
hnht^i year' 8acn manufacturer of passenger cars,
"ant-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
S « to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
tion consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
. ,
vehM 9'V6S a detail?d technical description of the
modeyear. These engineering data Include
2|P «nations and/or drawings which describe engine/
"jnicie parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
SKI ms' ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
infn emi88ion control systems. The part I also provides
m! imation on emission test procedures, service accu-
"'uiatlon procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
nn njenance requirements to be followed during test-
,"»• 'ne part II application, submitted after emission
«*siing is completed, contains the results of emission
ar' a statement of compliance to the regulations,
j™ maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
»mate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
0 :5; emissions, *Air pollution control, Maintenance,
^rtification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
puei systems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles,
nous Royce automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Corrective maintenance.
JJB-294 385/0 PC$44.00/MF$5.35
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
'°r Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
*> Mar 79. 81 7p EPA/460/A-79/21
Jfe also PB-294 384, and PB-294 386.
ul2 Bailable in set of 20 reports PC$1 460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
"gnt-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
°uornits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
pication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
•enicies or engines he intends to market during the up-
corning model year. These engineering data include
•jxplanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
•eriicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
in»e emission control systems. The part I also provides
""Ormation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Honda automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 386/8 PC$47.00/MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
30 Mar 79,876p EPA/460/A-79/22
See also PB-294 385, and PB-294 387.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Peugeot automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 387/6 PC$20.00/MF$4.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Light-Duty Vehicles Motorcycles - Suzuki
Motor Company.
Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd., Shizuoka (Japan).
30 Mar 79, 337p EPA/460/A-79/27
See also PB-294 386.
Also available in set of 20 reports PC$1460.00,
MF$51.00, PB-294 367-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Gasoline engines, Exhaust systems, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Suzuki
Motor Company, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Cor-
rective maintenance.
PB-294 388-SET PC$250.00/MF$12.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Vehicles.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
21 Nov78, 4610p-in7v
Set includes PB-294 389 thru PB-294 395.
No abstract available.
PB-294 389/2 PC$21.75/MF$4.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
21 Nov 78,372p EPA/460/A-79/05
See also PB-294 390.
Also available in set of 7 reports PCS250.00,
MFS12.00, PB-294 388-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, Ignition systems an exhaust and evaporative
emission control systems. The part I also provides in-
formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
Ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance, Certifi-
cation, Truck engines, Fuel systems, Exhaust systems,
Ignition systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, General
Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 390/0 PC$56.50/MF$5.BO
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Vehicle - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
21 Nov 78,1067p EPA/460/A-79/13
See also PB-294 389, and PB-294 391.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC$250.00,
MFS12.00, PB-294 388-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance, Certifi-
cation, Truck engines, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems,
Ignition systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Ford Motor
Company, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Corrective
maintenance.
PB-294 391/8 PC$17.50/MF$4.46
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
21 Nov78,288pEPA/460/A-79/14
See also PB-294 390, and PB-294 392.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC$250.00,
MF$12.00. PB-294 388-SET.
December 1983 645
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming modefyear. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Fuel consumption, "Exhaust
emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance, Certifi-
cation, Truck engines, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems,
Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, Chrysler Cor-
poration, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Corrective
maintenance.
PB-294 392/6 PC$52.00/MF$5.65
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN. Truck En-
gineering Center.
30 Mar 79,979p EPA/460/A-79/23
See also PB-294 391, and PB-294 393.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC$250.00,
MF$12.00, PB-294 388-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and propose
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, subrrtted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Fuel systems, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Trucks, "Heavy duty vehicles, International
Harvester Company, Motor vehlcles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 393/4 PC$24.75/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Engines - General Motors Co.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Ml.
30 Mar 79, 433p EPA/460/A-79/24
See also PB-294 392, and PB-294 394.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC$250.00,
MFS12.00, PB-294 3BO-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, Ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
Information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: *Truck engines, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification. Fuel systems, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Trucks, "Heavy duty vehicles, General
Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1979 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB-294 394/2 PC$23.00/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Engines - IVECO Trucks Compa-
ny.
IVECO Trucks of North America, Inc., Blue Bell, PA.
30 Mar 79,399p EPA/460/A-79/25
See also PB-294 393, and PB-294 395.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC$250.00,
MF$12.00, PB-294 388-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Fuel systems, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Trucks, "Heavy duty vehicles, IVECO Truck
Company, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Corrective
maintenance.
PB-294 395/9 PCS56.75/MFS5.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1979 Model Year
for Heavy-Duty Engines - Mack Trucks, Inc.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
30 Mar 79,1072p EPA/480/A-79/26
See also PB-294 394.
Also available in set of 7 reports, PC$250.00,
MF$12.00, PB-294 388-SET.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he Intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, Ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and propose
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Trucks, "Fuel consumption, "Exhaust
emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance, Certifi-
cation, Truck engines, Fuel systems, Exhaust systems,
Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, Mack Trucks
Incorporated, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Correc-
tive maintenance.
PB-294 444/5 CP TOS
Needs Survey (1978): Continuous Stormwater Pol-
lution Simulation Systems. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Richard Kezer, and Philip Graham. 10 Feb 79, mag
tape" EPA/DF-79/004
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-294 445.
A simplified continuous rainfall/runoff/receiving w!*ter
quality response simulation model is presented. The
purpose of this model is to simulate all major urban
pollution sources in a simple yet rational number. Ap-
plication of the model provides long-term simulation 01
the total urban system at moderate cost. Processes
simulated include rainfall, direct runoff, watershed pol-
lution accumulation and washoff, sewer system infiltra-
tion, storage/treatment systems for wet-weather flow,
dry-weather WWTP effluent, upstream flow, and re-
ceiving water quality response to the combined effects
of all the above pollution sources. Pollutants consid-
ered are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total kjel-
dahl nitrogen (TKN), suspended solids (SS), and leaa
(Pb). Receiving water responses simulated included
suspended solids concentrations, minimum dissolved
oxygen concentrations, and total and dissolved lead
concentrations. The simulation provides a planning
tool which may be used to evaluate the long-term
water quality impacts of various water quality manage-
ment alternatives including control of combined sewer
overflow and/or urban stormwater runoff-Software
Description: The system is written in Fortran G for im-
plementation on a IBM 3032 and 370-168 MVT operat-
ing system. 300k bytes of storage are required to run
the system.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Runoff, 'Water pollu-
tion, Rainfall, Water quality, Urban areas, Mathemat-
ical models, Computer programs, Fortran, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Nitrogen, Suspended sediments,
Lead(Metal), Magnetic tapes, Fortran G programming
language, IBM-3032 computers, IBM-370/168 com-
puters, CSPSS computer program, Total Kjeldahl nitro-
gen, Urban hydrology. Storm water runoff.
PB-294 445/2 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Needs Survey (1978): Continuous Stormwater Pol-
lution Simulation System • Users Manual. Final
rept,
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Gainesville, FL
Ronald L. Wycoff, and Michael J. Mara. 10 Feb 79,
211p" EPA/DF-79/004A,, EPA/FRD-4
Contract EPA-68-01-3993
For system on magnetic tape, see PB-294 444. Also
pub. as EPA/430/9-79/004.
A simplified continuous rainfall/runoff/receiving water
quality response simulation model is presented. The
purpose of this model is to simulate all major urban
pollution sources in a simple yet rational manner. Ap-
plication of the model provides long-term simulation of
the total urban system at moderate cost. Processes
simulated include rainfall, direct runoff, watershed pol-
lution accumulation and washoff, sewer system infiltra-
tion, storage/treatment systems for wet-weather flow,
dry-weather WWTP effluent, upstream flow, and re-
ceiving water quality response to the combined effects
of all the above pollution sources. Pollutants consid-
ered are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total kjel-
dahl nitrogen (TKN), suspended solids (SS), and lead
(Pb). Receiving water responses simulated included
suspended solids concentrations, minimum dissolved
oxygen concentrations, and total and dissolved lead
concentrations. The simulation provides a planning
tool which may be used to evaluate the long-term
water quality impacts of various water quality manage-
ment alternatives including control of combined sewer
overflow and/or urban stormwater runoff.
Keywords: "Rain, "Water pollution, Rainfall, Runoff,
Water quality, Urban areas, Mathematical models,
Computer programs, Fortran, Biochemical oxygen
demand. Nitrogen, Suspended sediments,
Lead(Metal), Fortran G programming language, IBM-
3032 computers, IBM-370/168 computers, CSPSS
computer program, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.
PB-294 467/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Investigation of Emerging Technology for Hydro-
carbon and Paniculate Emissions from Stationary
Sources. Final rept,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
B. Beecham, B. Fulton, and L. Broz. Feb 79,82p*
ACUREX-79/332, EPA-85/359/8
Contract EPA-68-01 -4142
646 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Innt 0?iective of this project is to identify emerging
«£! technologies that are or may become commer-
r™y available by 1985 tor stationary hydrocarbon and
Paniculate emissions sources. The report details a
niatnx of applicable control techniques, percent emis-
sion reductions achievable, schedules of availability,
ana costs. Emphasis is on identifying control tech-
"ques more stringent than the LAER techniques previ-
ously defined for EPA's policy study of nonattainment
rf™8-"his study finds that: (1) for most ducted emis-
hvC . ;,rom Paniculate sources fabric filters and elec-
"ostatto precipitators will remain the most advanced
Control technology; (2) there are a range of hydrocar-
jw control techniques that offer the potential for re-
™cing emissions through 1985 and beyond-the more
"nportant of these being the activated carbon and wet
scrubbing control technologies.
BeyWOBCls: 'Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons, *Par-
hnS •' Fefir|eries, Petroleum products, Technology, In-
was'es, Combustion products, Air filters, Elec-
c P'ecipltators, Ethylene, Polyethylene, Acetal-
e, Chemical industry, Pesticides, Activated
n, Scrubbers. Forecasting, Standards, Storage
. Printing, Coatings, Adhesives, 'Stationary
™"rees, Fabric filters, Wet methods, Fugitive emis-
£8-294 471/8 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
k, NC.
l Concepts: SO2 Removal Process Im-
E'ovements. Final rept.,
' ennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
pment.
.
V i5BM< Potts' and Jonn E- Jordan- Nov 76- 1 68P TVA/
r-'39, EPA/600/7-78/216
*
re.Port gives results of a study of a potassium
K.
?"uob!ng system that recovers useful forms of sulfur
"om pollutants while using a low-energy process to re-
|f™Prate the absorbing medium. The report also de-
|j!™es two versions of a new, regenerable process for
*uz .scrubbing that show promise for further develop-
'™rrt; they are based on absorption in a melamine
cat*' fo|lowed by low temperature thermal or chemi-
gr!.feaeneration. No solids requiring disposal are gen-
te« y tne Potassium scrubbing system. Laboratory
diS« *e scrubbing, thermal decomposition, and re-
nr. , n 8t8P8 show that the process (based on the
ah S!tatlon ot potassium pyrosulfite) Is feasible. The
™soroing solution is regenerated by thermal stripping
«' one-third of the pyrosulfite and chemical reduction
.lil( •.,.,„„,„«,, >u form hydrogen sulfide. Elemental
««ur Is obtained via the Claus reaction. The report in-
?uae8 studies of the oxidation of various sulfite com-
produced in several different S02 scrubbing
processes. Using laboratory, bench-scale equipment
"'new design, the sulfites of ammonia, potassium,
«"jc, and calcium were successfully oxidized with high
wy. Such oxidation will be beneficial to the value
ran and to Improve physical properties or
">nuce chemical oxygen demand of the waste.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur
"'oxide, 'Scrubbers, Potassium sulfates, Thermal dog-
?fa«on, Sulfites, Salts, Preclpitation(Chemistry), In-
i i.i?,ial wastes, Combustion products, Sulfuric acid,
""lizatlon, Melamines, Sodium sulfites, Performance
Valuation, Melamine process, Solid wastes.
596/2 PC A08/MF A01
Chemistry Laboratory Manual for Bottom Sedl-
?•«* and Elutriate Testing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Central
nal Lab.
9, 158p EPA/905/4-79/OH
Jhis document contains the procedures which are
"«ed at the EPA, Region V, Central Regional Labora-
wy for the analysis of bulk sediments, elutriates and
°ther solid samples.
'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments, 'Solids,
. -. Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Design
criteria, Water pollution, Quality control, Metals,
Hercury(Metal), Phosphorus, Ammonia, Cyanides,
Wldes, Moisture content, Density(Ma8s/volume),
"Pacific gravity, Sedimentation, Particle size, Phenols,
jj'w- Greases, Pesticides, Phthalates, Elutriation,
Water pollution detection, 'Sediment-water inter-
jaces, Kjeldahl method, Procedures, Chemical oxygen
[remand, Pol/chlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/perch-
'oro, EPA region 5.
PB-294 639/0 PC A04/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Legal Aspects of Flood Plain Management,
North Carolina Water Resources Research lost, Ra-
leigh.
William A. Campbell, and Milton S. Health, Jr. Feb 79,
61 p* UNC-WRRI-79-137, W79-06049,, OWRT-B-109-
NC(1)
Contract DI-14-34-0001 -8104
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Inst. of Government.
The federal flood insurance program has made It pos-
sible for landowners in flood hazard areas to obtain
subsidized insurance protection against flood dam-
ages. As a condition of this protection, however, the
local governments in which flood-prone land is located
must adopt various restrictions on the use of land in
the floodway and flood hazard areas. The North Caroli-
na legislative center piece for authorizing local flood
plain regulations is the Floodway Act. This act is defi-
cient both in terminology and In scope of coverage. To
remedy these deficiencies it Is recommended that the
Act's coverage be broadened to include flood hazard
areas beyond the floodway, to include areas of coastal
flooding, and to delete the uses permitted as of right in
the floodway. State property must meet the federal re-
quirements in order for the state to obtain insurance or
to qualify as a self insurer. Statutory changes are sug-
gested to meet these needs.
Keywords: 'Legislation, 'Flood plains, 'North Caroli-
na, Insurance, Hazards, Local government, Statutes,
Floodways, Coasts, Land uae, Regulations, 'Flood
plain insurance.
PB-294 664/8 PC A13/MF A01
State and Local Grant Awards Listing Awards
during October-March FY 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
Jan 79, 280p EPA/GAD/2-78/03
See also report for April-September, 1977 dated Apr
78, PB-282 687.
This publication lists the grant awards offered by EPA
during the period of October - March FY 1978 tor State
and Local grant programs.
Keywords: 'Grants, Water pollution control, Air pollu-
tion control, Solid waste disposal, State government,
Local government, Pesticides, 'Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB-294 67S/4 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Combustion System*: Method* and Proce-
dures Manual for Sampling and Analyst*. Final
rept. Sep 76-Dec 78,
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
J. W. Hamersma, D. G. Ackerman, M. M. Yamada, C.
A. Zee, and C. Y. Ung. Jan 79,421 p EPA/600/7-79/
029A
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also PB-257 850.
The manual describes a detailed and integrated set of
sampling and analytical procedures for conventional
combustion sources which are compatible with the in-
formation requirements of a comprehensive Level 1
environmental assessment. The purpose of the data to
be generated by these tests is to ultimately provide
emission factors for conventional stationary combus-
tion sources. This is the first detailed application of
Level 1 procedures to all phases (sampling, sample
handling, disbursement, and analysis) of a specified
program. Although the manual has been designed to
meet the exact data needs of this program, the proce-
dures have general applicability to most environmental
assessment activities. Chapters include quality assur-
ance, sample and data management, field sampling,
field analysis, organic analysis, and inorganic analysis.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Manuals,
'Chemical analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Combustion
products, Gas analysis, Water analysis, Assessments,
Inorganic compounds, Organic compounds, Chlorides,
Extraction, Chemilumlnescence, Nitrogen oxides, Gas
chromatography, Quality assurance, Samples, Labora-
tory equipment, Panicles, Management planning, Field
tests, Gravimetric analysis, Infrared analysis, Separa-
tions, Mass spectroscopy, Mercury(Metal), Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Antimony, Sulfates,
Fluorides, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution de-
tection, 'Solid wastes, Procedures, Numerical solu-
tions.
PB-294 685/3 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Institutional Farms: Test Facilities for Integrated
Pest Management Strategies,
National Field Research Center, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Elizabeth G. Nielsen, Darold E. Albright, Jack F. Seum,
Marilyn J. Morton, and Elaine W. Clark. 1978,193p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report presents a recommended framework for
the development of a national program to implement
integrated pest management/scientific ecological agri-
cultural practices and training programs on institutional
farms. Based principally upon the prototype model
project implemented in Memphis, Tennessee in 1977
(as described in the Background of this report), it fo-
cuses upon correctional institutions and their popula-
tions, and upon the programs initiated during the Mem-
phis project - while offering suggestions and recom-
mendations for additional programs and strategies.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Pest control, 'Farms,
Horticulture, Planting, Education, Counseling, Employ-
ment, Vocational interests, Research management,
Universities, 'Farm management, 'Institutional farm-
ing, MEMPHIS project, Penal institutions.
PB-294 716/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Apltron Electrostatically Augmented Fabric Filter
Evaluation. Final rept. Nov 77-Oct 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Larry G. Felix, and Joseph D. McCain. Feb 79,118p
SOHI-EAS-79-140F-20, EPA/600/7-79/070
Contract EPA-68-02-2181
The report gives results of fractional and overall mass
efficiency tests of two Apitron electrostatically aug-
mented fabric filter dust collectors. The tests were per-
formed on a mobile pilot-scale system collecting flyash
produced by a pulverized-coaf-tlred industrial boiler
and on a full-scale pilot plant collecting redlspersed
silica dust. Total partlculate concentrations were de-
termined at the inlet and outlet of both devices. Inlet
and outlet emission rates, as a function of particle size,
were determined from about 0.5 to 8 micrometers on a
mass basis using cascade Impactors, and from about
0.01 to 1.0 micrometers using electrical mobility and
optical techniques. Total mass efficiency for the
mobile system was 99.90-99.94%; fractional efficien-
cies for me 0.2-1 micrometer particle size range were
99.85-99.94%. Total mass efficiency for the full-scale
pilot system was 99.995-99.9994%; fractional efficien-
cies in the 0.2-1 micrometer size range were 99.90-
99.999%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
statics, Air filters, Particles, Dust collectors, Perform-
ance evaluation, Fly ash, Silicon dioxide, Impactors,
Pilot plants, Design criteria, Graphs, Tables(Data),
'Fabric filters, Cascade Impactors.
PB-294 732/3 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Mutagenlc Activity of Aerosol Size Fractions. Final
rept. Nov 77-Nov 78,
California Univ., Riverside. Coll. of Natural and Agricul-
tural Sciences.
Ronald Talcott, and William Harger. Apr 79,23p EPA/
600/3-79/032
Several investigators in diverse geographical locations
have detected airborne mutagens with the Ames' Sal-
monella typhimurium bioassay. Yet to be established Is
the aerodynamic diameter of the mutagen-contalning
particles, to study this matter, an Andersen 2000 sam-
pler was used to collect size-fractionated samples in
Durham, NC. The samples were extracted and con-
centrated, the masses were determined, and the muta-
genic activities were bloassayed. Initial studies were
designed to establish a protocol suitable for routine air
sampling. A sufficient sample quantity was obtained by
December 1983 647
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
operating four of the Andersen samplers simulta-
neously over a 5-7 day interval. The results of 10
weekly samplings indicated that most of the deposited
mass, and most of the mutagenic activity, occurred in
the fractions containing the small (less than 2 microm-
eter) particles. Selected extracts, positive for mutagen-
icity, were tested for the presence of electrophiles by
reaction with nitrobenzylpyridine (a chemical nucleo-
phile) or by reaction with electrons provided In the
course of dc polarographic analysis. These chemical
tests verified the presence of direct-acting alkylating
agents in extracts of deposited aerosols.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mutagens, 'Aerosols, Bio-
assay, Sampling, Experimental data, Methodology, Ac-
tivity, *Air sampling, Mutagenesis.
PB-294 733/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Revegetatlng Processed Oil Shale and Coal Spoils
on Semi-Arid Lands. Interim rept. Jun 75-Jun 78,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,
Ogden, UT.
Neil C. Frischknecht, and Robert B. Ferguson. Feb 79,
57p EPA/600/7-79/068
Forest Service revegetation studies on TOSCO II proc-
essed shale (beginning in 1976) at Sand Wash, east-
ern Utah, within the salt desert shrub zone and at
Davis Gulch, western Colorado, in the upper mountain
brush zone, involved the use of amendments on proc-
essed shale without leaching salts. At Sand Wash,
seven species of the Chenopodiaceae family were far
superior to other species on processed shale with or
without supplementary water or a covering of soil.
Where at least 1 foot (30 cm) of soil covered proc-
essed shale, an additional eight species showed good
survival. At Davis Gulch, a covering of 8 to 12 inches
(20 to 30 cm) of topsoil over processed shale greatly
increased survival and growth of container-grown
plants compared to a 2- to 3-inch (5 to 7.5 cm) cover-
ing of broken rock fragments or a cover of barley straw
crimped into the processed shale. On a simulated
mining tract at the Alton coal field, southern Utah,
grass nay rotovated 8 inches (20 cm) deep into the soil
Increased seedling survival.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Oil shale, 'Spoil, 'Plant
growth, 'Land reclamation, Grasses, Soils, Survival,
Sands, Clay soils, Loams, Arid land, Seeds, Planting,
Shrubs, Irrigation, Fertilizers, Sludge, Mulches, Field
tests, Utah, Colorado.
PB-294 734/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Problem with Flux Chamber Measurements of
Blogenlc Sulfur Emissions. Final rept. Jul-Oct 76,
Hitchcock Associates, Farmlngton, CT.
Dlan R. Hitchcock. Apr 79,29p EPA/600/3-79/033
Problems associated with identifying and quantifying
factors that influence liquid-phase controlled evolution
of hydrogen sulfide and organic sultides through the
air-water interface are briefly reviewed. It was found
that at present flux chamber measurements of the re-
lease of these biogenic substances from natural sys-
tems cannot be regarded as reliable estimates of re-
leases occurring when the system is not enclosed by a
chamber.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrogen sulfides, 'Organic
sulfides, 'Biological productivity, 'Flux density, Test
chambers, Transport properties, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Surface waters, Wind ve-
locity, pH, Temperature, Atmospheric motion, Method-
ology, 'Air water interfaces, Numerical solution.
PB-294 741/4 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emission Factors and Frequency of Leak Occur-
rence for Fittings In Refinery Process Units. Inter-
im rept. Mar 76-Mar 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Robert Wetherold, and Lloyd Provost. Feb 79,78p
EPA/600/2-79/044
Contracts EPA-68-02-2147, EPA-68-02-2665
The report gives results of sampling fugitive emissions
at nine integrated oil refineries throughout the U.S. The
petroleum refining industry \e a significant source of at-
mospheric hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in the U.S.
Each refinery has a large number of potential emission
sources, both controlled (e.g., stacks and vents) and
uncontrolled (e.g., leaks). HC emission data were col-
lected for valves, flanges, pump and compressor
seals, pressure relief valves, and process drains. The
sampling techniques are presented. Potential leaking
components were initially screened using portable HC
detectors; screened devices which indicate significant
emissions were then subjected to fully qualitative and
quantitative sampling and analysis. For the nine refin-
eries, 5680 sources were screened, 1250 of which
were sampled and analyzed. Data on non-methane HC
emission rates are presented for each fugitive source,
with statistics on data variability. Information on fre-
quency of leaks is also provided. These data show that
most HC emissions from fugitive sources occur due to
a relatively few leaking components. Gas/vapor
streams contribute a proportionately greater amount of
emissions than the light and heavy liquid streams.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Air pollution, Hydrocarbons,
Leakage, Gas sampling, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-294 742/2 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Existing Aerated
Lagoon System at Bixby, Oklahoma. Final rept. 6
Jan 76-22 Dec 76,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Bureau of Water and Envi-
ronmental Resources Research.
George W. Reid, and Leale Streebin. Mar 79,119p
EPA/600/2-79/014
GrantEPA-R-803916
The report describes the operation and performance
of a two cell aerated wastewater treatment lagoon
system located in Bixby, Oklahoma. The study in-
volved four seasons of operation and nineteen study
parameters. The lagoon exhibited an overall BODS re-
moval efficiency of 92%, but was only totally in compli-
ance for 7 months of the year.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Performance evalua-
tion, 'Sewage treatment, Aeration, Design criteria, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Efficiency, Seasonal vari-
ations, Tables(Data), Regression analysis, Oklahoma.
PB-294 752/1 PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
lines In the State of Illinois. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1979, 564p EPA/905/5-78/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in Illinois. The study is to be used pri-
marily to assist EPA and Illinois decisions on achieving
the emission limitations of the RACT standards. The
economic impact was assessed for the following 15
RACT industrial categories: surface coatings (cans,
coils, paper, fabrics, automobiles and light duty trucks,
metal furniture, insulation of magnet wire, large appli-
ances); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gasoline termi-
nals; refinery systems; bulk gasoline plants; storage of
petroleum liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispens-
ing stations-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs and
direct impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limi-
tations for these 15 industry categories in Illinois.
Direct economic costs and benefits from the imple-
mentation of RACT limitations were identified and
quantified while secondary impacts (social, energy,
employment, etc.) are addressed, they were not a
major emphasis in the study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Michigan, 'Guide-
lines, 'Standards, Solvents, Coatings, Gasoline, Stor-
age, State government, Benefit cost analysis, Manu-
facturing, Cans, Papers, Fabrics, Automobiles, Furni-
ture, Insulation, Asphalt, Tanks, Industrial wastes, De-
greasing, Refineries, Separators, 'Reasonably availa-
ble control technology, Fugitive emissions, Stationary
sources.
PB-294 791/9 PC A04/MF A01
User's Guide for RAM. Volume I. Algorithm De-
scription and Use, . Tri
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research I n-
angle Park, NC. _,.,.
D. Bruce Turner, and Joan Hrenko Novak. Nov 78, /up
EPA/600/8-78/016A
See also Volume 2, PB-294 792.
The information presented in this user's guide is direct-
ed to air pollution scientists having an interest in apP1/:
ing air quality simulation models. RAM is a methoa or
estimating short-term dispersion using the Gaussian
steady-state model. These algorithms can be used ror
estimating air quality concentrations of relatively non-
reactive pollutants for averaging times from an hour TO
a day from point and area sources. The algorithms are
applicable for locations with level or gently rolling ter-
rain where a single wind vector for each hour is a gooa
approximation to the flow over the source area consia-
ered. Calculations are performed for each hour.Hou"?
meteorological data required are wind direction, wna
speed, temperature, stability class, and mixing heigm.
Emission information required of point sources con-
sists of source coordinates, emission rate, physical
height, stack diameter, stack gas exit velocity, ana
stack gas temperature. Emission information requirfw
of area sources consists of southwest corner cooroi"
nates, source side length, total area emission rate ana
effective area source-height. Computation time is kepi
to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations
from area sources are estimated using a narrow Plur|™|
hypothesis and using the area source squares as given
rather than breaking down all sources into an area or
uniform elements. Options are available to the user 10
allow use of three different types of receptor locations.
(1) those whose coordinates are input by the user, W
those whose coordinates are determined by the mow
and are downwind of significant point and area
sources where maxima are likely to occur, and (J)
those whose coordinates are determined by the rnoi™'
to give good area coverage of a specific portion of tne
region. Computation time is also decreased by keeping
the number of receptors to a minimum. Volume I con-
siders the use and capabilities of RAM, its basis, tne
organization of the computer program, and data re-
quirements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Terrain,
Wind velocity, Atmospheric temperature, Turbulence,
Air flow, Mathematical models, Plumes, Algorithms,
Computer programming, 'Gaussian plume models, Air
quality, RAM model, Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-294 792/7 PCA11/MFA01
User's Guide for RAM. Volume II. Data Preparation
and Listings, .
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC.
D. Bruce Turner, and Joan Hrenko Novak. Nov 78,
232p EPA/600/8-78/016B
See also Volume 1, PB-294 791.
The information presented in this user's guide is direct-
ed to air pollution scientists having an interest in aPP|v;
ing air quality simulation models. RAM is a method 01
estimating short-term dispersion using the Gaussian
steady-state model. These algorithms can be used for
estimating air quality concentrations of relatively non-
reactive pollutants for averaging times from an hour to
a day from point and area sources. The algorithms are
applicable for locations with level or gently rolling ter-
rain where a single wind vector for each hour is a good
approximation to the flow over the source area consid-
ered. Calculations are performed for each hour. Hourly
meteorological data required are wind direction, wind
speed, temperature, stability class, and mixing height-
Emission information required of point sources con-
sists of source coordinates, emission rate, physical
height, stack diameter, stack gas exit velocity, and
stack gas temperature. Emission information required
of area sources consists of southwest corner coordi-
nates, source side length, total area emission rate and
effective area source-height. Computation time is kept
to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations
from area sources are estimated using a narrow plume
hypothesis and using the area source squares as given
rather than breaking down all sources into an area of
uniform elements. Options are available to the user to
allow use of three different types of receptor locations:
(1) those whose coordinates are input by the user, (2)
those whose coordinates are determined by the model
and are downwind of significant point and area
648 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
thft.« u ere roaxima are likely to occur, and (3)
toolu wnose coordinates are determined by the model
radnn R00d area. coveraae of a specific portion of the
"jjion. Computation time is also decreased by keeping
MM i cT£?r of receptors to a minimum. Volume II pre-
•""» RAM example outputs, typical run streams, vari-
8 glossaries, and Fortran source codes.
moa!!hLdS: 'Air pollution, 'Programming manuals, At-
UrtuP c diffusion, Concentration(Composition),
5™«n areas, Air flow, Plumes, Mathematical models,
r^nputer programs, Fortran, 'Gaussian plume
RA?J ' Air ^wlity, Point sources, Nonpoint sources,
to™ ?odel' RAMQ computer program, RAMMET
program, RAM computer program, RAMF
«*jputer program, RAMR computer program, HAMFR
™16' program, CUMF computer program,
BLK computer program.
PC A08/MF A01
diation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Jnjyiuin Fuel-Cycle Alternatives,
y««omia Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Nuclear Engineer-
ai»iPJS!ord' and c- S. Vang. Nov 78, 1 70p' UCB/NE-
g*J. EPA/520/6-78/008
r'!'c'9 material quantities and lifetime uranium ore
Bras ™ents are calculated for thorium fuel cycles in
oonS!inzed~*ater reactors, high-temperature gas-
gwieo reactors, and pressure-tube heavy-water reac-
jj"?' and are compared with similar quantities for refer-
"08 uranium-plutonium fueling in light-water reactors
•no in fast breeders. Flowsheets are presented for na-
KulT 8rnational fuel cycles for safeguard controls,
him "I? disPersed national reactors fueled with thor-
DroofH- denatured uranium. Long-term radioactivity
cknut « s °' ni9n-|eva| radioactive wastes are com-
K™o- Also compared are the production of 14C, 3H,
»M_ ' and other activated radionuclides from these re-
•ctors and fuel cycles.
Jji*ywords: 'Nuclear fuel cycles, Uranium ores, Acti-
w«fL*8nes' Radioactive wastes, Uranium, Pressurized
pff factors, High temperature gas cooled reactors,
1' Trloriurn' Nuclear materials management,
i °ycle' Nuclear safeguards, Denatured fuel,
-ievel radioactive wastes, LMFBR type reactors.
EntH94794'3 PCA11/MFA01
S^onmental Research Lab,, Athens, GA.
gjntlftatlon of Organic Compounds in Industrial
a«rTlM Dl»charges. Final rept. Sep 76-Oct 78,
oatteMe Columbus Labs., OH.
KhL er7' c- c- Chuang. G. A. Jungclaus, and J. S.
"amer. Feb 79, 243p EPA/600/4-79/016
uJJJPles of 63 effluent and 22 intake waters were col-
"*-iea from a wide range of chemical manufacturers in
JJJJ* across the United States. The samples were
Dr«/ 'or Or9an'c compounds in an effort to identify
Dau I?U8ly unknown and potentially hazardous organic
r«iuiants. Each water sample was preconcentrated
vol««i ysis ?' organic compounds in four fractions:
«aaie organics by helium-gas stripping and semivola-
slic 8anics b* extraction with methylene chloride re-
A"'«rig in separate neutral, acidic and basic fractions.
J" sample analyses involved a GC/MS/COMP system
cJJj U8ed high-resolution glass capillary GC columns.
rlsanic constituents were identified using the comput-
rjjfd Biemann mass spectral matching system to-
u«u.w'th some manual interpretation and quantified
wing QC-FID peak area determinations. Over 570
"nunds were tentatively identified of which 33 are
P°'llrtants Generally, industrial effluents con-
few priority pollutants. Most of the components
J™"0 in the effluents were specific for a particular in-
Thl j *"* and did not appear in reoccurring patterns.
irr»L ala Su99est tnat many possible environmentally
;"POrtant compounds would be overlooked if frequen-
2L i ^wsnce is the major criterion for determining
•nvironmentally significant compounds.
v51(*ord8: *Or9anic compounds, 'Water analysis,
>"emical industry, Chemical analysis, Water pollu-
r?n. Has chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Trace
?*>"Wnts, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
action, Quality assurance, 'Water pollution detection.
c*"*»« 796/0 PC A10/MF A01
SJWonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
""tee of Drinking Water.
The Effects of Ozonatlon Reactions In Water.
Volume 1. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Vincent F. Simmon, and Ronald J. Spanggord. Mar 79
212pLSU-4316-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-01-2894
See also Volume 2, PB-294 796.
The potential biological hazard of ozonation was eval-
uated by using rapid microbial bioassays of selected
organic compounds under ozonation conditions.
Twenty-nine compounds were evaluated for muta-
genic activity before and after ozonation using the
Ames Salmonella/microsome and the yeast Sacchar-
omyces cerevisiae D3 assays.
Keywords: 'Ozonation, 'Toxicology, "Organic com-
pounds, 'Water treatment, Microorganisms, Muta-
gens, Agar, Potable water, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Explosives, Pesticides,
Mass spectroscopy, Bioassay, Water pollution, Salmo-
nella typhimurium, Bacteria, Saccharomycetes, Fungi,
Toxicity, Aroclor 1254, 'Mutagenesis, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, "Toxic substancas, Biological effects,
•Water pollution effects(Animals), Drinking water.
PB-294 796/8 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Drinking Water.
The Effects of Reactions of Chlorine Dioxide In
Water. Volume 2. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Vincent F. Simmon, Ronald J. Spanggord, Sharon L.
Eckford, and Vernon McClurg. Mar 79,183p LSU-
4316-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01-2894
See also Volume 1, PB-294 795.
This study reports the results of the evaluation of
twenty-six compounds for mutagenic activity before
and after treatment with chlorine dioxide. Two biologi-
cal assays, the Ames Salmonella/microsome and the
yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3 assays, were
used to determine the mutagenic activity of each com-
pound.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Toxicology, 'Chemical
compounds, Water pollution, Chlorine oxides, Muta-
gens, Laboratory equipment, Potable water, Substi-
tutes, Tables(Data), Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Microorganisms, Oxida-
tion, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacteria, Saccharomy-
cetes, Fungi, "Chlorine dioxide, Biological effects,
'Mutagenesis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 'Toxic
substances, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Dring-
ing water.
PB-294 812/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Modeling of Stationary Air Pollution Sources In
the Central and Western Kern County OH Fields.
Task Report. Volume I: Text,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Patricia B. Simmon, F. L, Ludwig, and Kenneth C. Nitz.
Jan 79,117p SRI-5258-7-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-01-4137
See also Volume 2, PB-294 813.
The use of steam injection to recover high viscosity oil
in Kern County, California has created the potential tor
violation of federal and state ambient air quality stand-
ards in that area. The increasing number of permit ap-
plications for development of new steam generation
facilities has prompted the Environmental Protection
Agency to commission a study to determine the sulfur
dioxide levels produced by the present and proposed
configurations of crude oil-fired steam generators. This
report presents the results of that study. Two locations
in Kern County were of interest: the oil fields in the
central portion of the county, near Bakersfield, and the
oil fields well to the west of Bakersfield, lying on a
roughly NW to SE line about 40 miles in length, be-
tween the towns of McKittrick and Maricopa. To
assess the air quality at the two locations, data de-
scribing the meteorological conditions, the measured
SO2 levels, and inventories of both generator and non-
generator sources were collected and reduced. A limit-
ed verification of data detailing generator source char-
acteristics, particularly location, was performed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfur dioxide, "OH fields,
Concentration(Compositlon), Plumes, Mathematical
models, Computer programming, California, 'En-
hanced oil recovery, Steam injection, Stationary
sources. Steam generators, Air quality, Kem
County(California), Climatological dispersion model,
Gaussian plume models, COM computer program.
PB-294 813/1
PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Modeling of Stationary Air Pollution Sources In
the Central and Western Kern County Oil Fields.
Task Report. Volume II: Appendices,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Patricia B. Simmon, F. L Ludwig, and Kenneth C. Nitz.
Jan 79, 78p SRI-5258-7-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -4137
See also Volume 1, PB-294 B12.
Sulfur dioxide pollution from steam-injection oil recov-
ery and from other sources in Kern County, California,
was studied with a mathematical model. This volume
consists of tables of data and of a list of modifications
made to the CDM program.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Oil fields,
Goncentration(Composition), Plumes, Mathematical
models, Computer programming, California,
Tables(Data), "Enhanced oil recovery, Steam Injec-
tion, Steam generators, Air quality, Climatological dis-
persion model, Kern County(California), CDM comput-
er program, Gaussian plume models.
PB-294 821/4 PC A08/MF A01
Summary of Audit Performance: Measurement of
S02, N02, CO, Sulfate, Nitrate, Lead, HI-Vol Flow
Rate,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Steven M. Bromberg, Robert L. Lampe, and Berne L.
Bennett. Feb 79,170p EPA/600/4-79/014
The report summarizes the results of the quality assur-
ance audits for the period from October 1976 through
December 1977. Pollutants for which audits were con-
ducted and results reported are SO2, NO2, sulfate, ni-
trate, lead, and hi vol flow rate. The operation of the
EPA audit program is also described.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Quality assurance, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Lead(Metal), Chemical radicals, Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Concentration(Compositlon). Quality control,
Air pollution detection, Air pollution sampling, Nitrates,
High volume samplers.
PB-294 824/8 PC A1B/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
lines In the State of Michigan. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jan 79,417p EPA/905/5-78/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-290 468.
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic Impact of Implementing
RACT standards in Michigan. The study is to be used
primarily to assist EPA and Michigan decisions on
achieving the emission limitations of the RACT stand-
ards. The economic impact was assessed for the fol-
lowing 10 RACT industrial categories: surface coatings
(cans, coils, paper, fabrics, Insulation of magnet wire,
large appliances); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gaso-
line plants; storage of petroleum liquids in fixed roof
tanks; and gasoline dispensing stations-Stage I. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs and
direct impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limi-
tations for these 10 industry categories in Michigan.
Direct economic costs and benefits from the Imple-
mentation of RACT limitations were Identified and
quantified; while secondary impacts (social, energy,
employment, etc.) are addressed, they were not a
major emphasis In the study.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Michigan, 'Guide-
lines, "Standards, Solvents, Coatings, Gasoline, Stor-
age, State government, Benefit cost analysis, Manu-
facturing, Cans, Papers, Fabrics, Automobiles, Furni-
ture, Insulation, Tanks, Industrial wastes, Decreasing,
Refineries, Separators, "Reasonably available control
technology, Fugitive emissions, Stationary sources.
December 1983 649
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-294 830/5 PC A02/MF A01
Volatilization of Methyl Parathlon from Fields
Treated with Mlcroencapaulated and Emulslflable
Concentrate Formulations. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Merrill D. Jackson, and Robert G. Lewis. 1979,6p
EPA/600/J-79/008
Pub In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 21, p202-205 1979.
Volatilization of pesticides from treated agricultural
crops constitutes a major input of these chemicals into
the atmosphere. Microencapsulated pesticide formula-
tions are designed for slow release of biocides and
thus increase the residence time on the plant foliage.
The rate of volatilization for these formulations should
also be substantially less than that from non-encapsu-
lated forms. Methyl parathion was applied to a field in
both microencapsulated and emulsifiable concentrate
forms. Air samples were taken on the downwind side
of the field with a sampler which employs a composite
filter designed to trap both particulate and vapor forms
of organophosphorus pesticides. Air was sampled be-
ginning 1 hr. after spraying and during intervals for 9
days after application of the insecticide. The physical
form of the formulation applied to the plants had a pro-
found effect on the levels of airborne pesticides found
near the field.
Keywords: "Insecticides, *Air pollution, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Encapsulating, Vaporizing, Emul-
sions, Particles, Farm crops, 'Methyl parathion, Phos-
phorothiolc acid/0-0-(dimethyl-ester)-0-(nitrophenyl-
ester), Reprints.
PB-294 838/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sources and Transport of Trace Metals In Urban
Aerosols. Final rept. Apr 73-Jan 76,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Oceanog-
raphy.
John W, Winchester, and J. William Nelson. Mar 79,
77p EPA/600/3-79/019
Grant EPA-R-802132
A methodology was developed, tested, and applied to
the identification of trace element aerosol sources and
trace element aerosol transport phenomena. The
method uses light weight and portable field sampling
equipment, ana results in the acquisition of large data
sets suitable for statistical analysis and the testing of
aerosol transport models. Aerosol sampling in the am-
bient atmosphere was accomplished through a combi-
nation of time-sequenced filter collections with hourly
resolution, and fractionated aerosol collections with
0.25 micrometer resolution. Elemental analysis was
performed with particle induced X-ray emission, a sen-
sitive and rapid method. Aerosol characterization stud-
ies were focussed on St. Louis, Missouri, during the
Regional Air Pollution Study. Trace element pollutants
were distinguished from their natural components on
the basis of particle size distributions. Statistical analy-
sis of time-sequenced concentration measurements
revealed four distinct pollution sources for lead. A re-
lated analysis demonstrated that meteorological fac-
tors controlling the transport of titanium aerosol across
the city could be identified. Extensions of the meteorol-
ogy were applied to (1) the determination of trace ele-
ment pollution deposition in the human respiratory
tract through direct sampling of exhaled breath, (2)
indoor environments, and (3) nonurban continental
and marine atmospheres.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Trace elements, 'Metals,
Particle size distribution, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Transport properties, Aerosols, Sources, Urban areas,
Titanium, Lead(Metal), Laboratory equipment, Public
health, Respiratory system, Missouri, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Saint Louis(Missouri), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Indoor air pollution, Regional Air Pol-
lution Study.
PB-294 867/8 PC A02/MF A01
Sorption of Hydrophoblc Pollutants on Natural
Sediments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Samuel W. Karickhoff, David S Brown, and Trudy A.
Scott. 4 Sep 78, 10p EPA/600/J-79/005
Pub. in Water Research, v13 n2 p241-248 1979.
The sorption of hydrophobia compounds (aromatic hy-
drocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons) spanning a
concentration range in water solubility from 500 parts
per trillion (ppt) to 1800 parts per million (ppm) on local
(North Georgia) pond and river sediments was investi-
gated. The sorption isotherms were linear over a broad
range of aqueous phase pollutant concentrations. The
linear partition coefficients (K(p)) were relatively inde-
pendent of sediment concentrations and ionic strength
in the suspensions. The K(p)'s were directly related to
organic carbon content for given particle size isolates
in the different sediments. On an organic carbon basis
(K(oc) = K(p)/fraction organic carbon), the sand frac-
tion (> 50 micrometers particle size) was a consider-
able less effective sorbent (50-90% reduction in K(oc))
than the fines fraction (< 50 micrometers particles).
Differences in sorption within the silt and clay fractions
were largely related to differences in organic carbon
content. Reasonable estimates of K(oc)'s can be
made from octanol/water distribution coefficients,
which are widely catalogue or easily measured in the
laboratory.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Sediments, Concentration(Composition),
Ponds, Rivers, Sorption, Chemical analysis, Labora-
tory equipment, Water pollution, 'Sediment-water in-
terfaces, 'Water pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-294 8S8/8 PC A02/MF A01
Parathion Toxlclty In Perinatal Rats Exposed In
Utaro. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. Deskin, L. Rosensteln, N. Rogers, and B.
Westbrook. 1979,6p EPA/600/J-79/007
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 3, p11-14,1979.
Adult pregnant female rats were exposed to subch-
ronic doses of parathion throughout gestation and lac-
tation. Their offspring were examined for possible toxi-
cological effects. This study found that several physio-
logical parameters were affected. Female perinates
exhibited a significant reduction in plasma cholinester-
ase (pseudo ChE) activity. Plasma renin activity was
reduced with Increased dose of parathion in both male
and female perinates. Heart rate, QRS complex dura-
tion, S-T and P-R intervals were all reduced in the per-
inates. The results of this study indicated that physio-
logical function can be altered by organophosphate
exposure at levels lower than those required to show
pseudo ChE inhibition.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Females, Rats,
Pregnancy, Insecticides, Physiological effects, Experi-
mental data, Exposure, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Bio-
assay, Renin, Males, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Reprints, Lactation, Fetuses, 'Parathion, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Phosphorothioic acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-
O-(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB-294 859/4 PC A02/MF A01
Parathion Toxlclty In Perinatal Rata Born to Spon-
taneously Hypertensive Dama. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. Deskin, L. Rosenstein, N. Rogers, and B.
Westbrook. 1978,12p EPA/600/J-78/102
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 2, p291 -300,1978.
Placental transfer and fetal toxicity of pesticides have
been documented in normotensive rats but no reports
appear in the literature regarding the susceptibility of
spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) perinates to pesti-
cide challenge. This report describes the effects of
prolonged parathion exposure to perinatal rats born to
hypertensive dams. Ninety day old, spontaneously hy-
pertensive (WKY strain) male and female rats were
bred and vaginal plugs were used to determine that
copulation had occurred. Parathion (0.01, 0.10 and
1.00 mg/kg) suspended in peanut oil was administered
daily to the dam via oral intubation from day one of
gestation to day fifteen of lactation, a total of thirty-
seven days. On day twenty-four post partum the perin-
ates were examined. Male and female SHR perinates
exhibited a significant reduction in plasma cholinester-
ase at the 1.00 mg/kg dose level. Changes in relative
organ weights, hematological parameters and serum
enzymes were found. Heart rate was significantly re-
duced at the 0.01 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg dose levels.
The results of this study indicate that exposure of SHR
dams to parathion during gestation and lactation re-
sulted in lexicological effects in the perinate basically
similar to those seen in normotensive perinates.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Exposure, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Experimental data, Males, Females.
Ingestion(Biology), Physiological effects, Pregnancy.
Cholinesterase inhibitors, Heart rate, Enzymes'.,...,£
assay, Hemtology, Fetus, 'Parathion, Phosphorouww
acid/0-0-(dimethyl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester),
'Toxic substances, Reprints, Lactation.
PB-294 860/2 PC A02/MF A01
Lead Analysis of Ambient Air Particulate*: InWrw-
boratory Evaluation of EPA Lead Reference
Method. Journal article, h
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Researw
Triangle Park, NC. „ ,..„.
Sharon J. Long, Jack C. Suggs, and Joseph F. Walling-
Jan 79,6p EPA/600/J-79/006 . „,„
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v<:»
n1 p28-31 1979.
The evaluation of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's 'Reference Method for the Determination w
Lead in Suspended Particulate Matter Collected from
Ambient Air' among four laboratories and the 1u*n*j5"
tion by additional techniques are summarized. Coeni-
cients of variation of 10% for the lead reference
method were obtained. Optical emission spectromeuy
produced data that are statistically indistinguisnaDie
from data obtained from the reference atomic absorp-
tion spectrometry technique. •
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Gas analysis, Standard*.
Particles, Optical spectrometers, Emission spectre*-
copy, Atomic spectroscopy, Comparison, Accuracy.
Evaluation, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Repnnw.
'Air pollution detection,
PB-294 861/0 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Halogenated Anilines and R« •••
ed Compounds by HPLC with Electrochemical
and UV Detection. Journal article, .
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangie
Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch. . ,
E. M. Lores, D. W. Bristol, and R, F. Moseman. 16 May
78,7pEPA/600/J-78/103 .
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v16 p3o°'
3621978.
Halogenated anilines may enter the environment frorn
a variety of sources, including metabolism of inswj;j
cides, herbicides, and fungicides; industrial waste; ana
reduction of nitrosubstituted aromatic compounas.
The toxicity of anilines requires that these compounas
be monitored in the environment. Previous methoos
using gas chromatography required derivatization ano
were unable to separate some of the halogenated me-
tabolites. An HPLC method has been developed tnai
allows separation and detection of sub-nanogram
quantities without derivatization. The separation 01
these compounds was accomplished on a commer-
cially available C-18 bonded phase column. Sub-nano-
gram quantities were detected using an inexpensive
electrochemical detector. A faster, but less sensitive
UV method was also developed. Chromatograms ana
sensitivity data for the various compounds are present-
ed. The applications and limitations of the electro-
chemical detector are discussed.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Halogen organic compounds,
'Chemical analysis, 'Environmental surveys, Pestl'
cides, Industrial wastes. Monitoring, Ultraviolet spec-
troscopy, Electrochemistry, Laboratory equipment.
High pressure liquid chromatography, Reprints.
PB-294 862/8 PC A02/MF A01
Application of the Hall Detector and a Surface-
Bonded Carbowax 20M Column to Analysis of or-
ganochlorine Pesticides in Human Biological Sam-
ples. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triang»
Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Howard L. Crist, and Robert F. Moseman. 17 Apr 78,
12p EPA/600/9-78/104
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, vl 60 p49-581978.
An evaluation of a gas Chromatographic electrolytic
conductivity detector system (Hall detector) was con-
ducted for the determination and confirmation of se-
lected organochlorine pesticides at sub-ppm concen-
tration levels in human biological extracts. The sample
extracts were also analyzed with electron capture gas
chromatography for comparison purposes. The linear
650 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ht9.es?lon lines for both sets of data were calculated
«n i? ast ^"afes method. A high degree of correla-
te * - «en the data sets *as found- A|8° evaluated
as pan of the electrolytic conductivity detector system
"as a column with Carbowax 20M bonded to the sur-
jace of the support. The effect of repeated injections
». extraots with a high content of lipids on the perform-
ance of the Hall detector and column was investigated.
aM«perm8ation chromatography was found to bevalu-
rS? as a technique for additional clean-up of certain
MM? , nav'n9 an adverse effect on the performance
°' the Hall detector due to excessive lipid material.
s: 'Pesticides, 'Biological extracts, Chlorine
"ifjanic compounds, Gas chromatography, Laboratory
rjuipment, Detectors, Samples, Conductivity, Per-
'ormance evaluation, Humans,
^"centration(Composition), Lipids, 'Hall detectors,
p**9* 863/6 PC A02/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
^Automated Device (AGARS) for Studying
o.nunce of Pollutant Gradients by Aquatic Or-
•- Final rept.,
' of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Blol-
5 Apr 78,9p EPA/600/J-79/003
, 'A-R-804458
in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
n1p11-161979.
life1* apparatus designed to detect avoidance of pol-
."wnis by aquatic organisms require visual observa-
1 of test organisms in steep pollutant gradients.
"a (Aquatic Gradient Avoidance Response
«m) was developed to eliminate these limitations.
un-i Astern allows animals to choose between one
zonl i minated zone and three increasingly toxic
tanriUl a Gradient trough that Is monitored for ex-
anrt • Periods by infrared light sources, sensors,
„'Jj a microprocessor. Data are accumulated hourly
«"o processed by a paper tape reader/calculator/plot-
aart' 8m tnat records the time test animals remain in
2S zone and compares behavior before and during
don ^Posures. Initial tests indicate that pinfish (Lago-
chin f"omboides) tested in the apparatus will avoid
0 04nna-Praduced oxidants at concentrations of 0.02-
uum s: 'Marine fishes, 'Aquatic animals, 'Water
Anim ?"' Tox'City, Chlorine, Avoidance responses,
,-wnai behavior, Monitoring, Exposure,
gyncentration(Composition), Near infrared radiation,
Uhr?,8ay' Canada, Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
^oratory equipment, Reprints, Aquatic gradient
response system, 'Water pollution detec-
system.
iJr WM 864/4 PC A02/MF A01
of D ?Mndent Microcosm* for the Assessment
rept lutants ln tne Marine Environment. Final
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Win; ' Bourquin. R. L. Garnas, P. H. Pritchard, F. G.
- 18 Feb 78> 12P EPA/600/J-
,-
D;"3 '"ternational Jnl. of Environmental Studies, v13
tvof u,,40 1979- Prepared in cooperation with Universi-
* w West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biology.
microcosms are described for assessing
ine .a"d effects of pollutants in marine and estuar-
9Jl5nv"'onments. These systems focus on specific
(jTj'system processes and interactions and are inter-
cZjJfJdent in that the results of all are necessary for a
irn2 P ,et? description of a pollutant's environmental
uamn ne Wowing individual systems are described
(£,!» methyl parathion as the pollutant Environmental
nj'B Screening System-, Eco-Core System; Continu-
ant, °* Systems; Aquatic Gradient Avoidance Re-
H wise System; Benthic Bloassay System.
,ne -s: 'Water pollution, 'Water analysis, Estuar-
0.*,' Microorganisms, Ecology, Phenols, Nitrogen or-
eo c compounds, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
Wnte8"1' *Path ^ Pollutants, Methyl parathion, Re-
Ert?94 878/4 PC A12/MF A01
(^fironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"°e of Research and Development.
Resource Use and Residuals Generation In
Households,
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J Kuhner, D. F. Luecke, and M. Shaprio. Mar 79,254p
EPA/600/5-79/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -2622
This report describes energy and water use and the
generation of liquid, solid, and gaseous residuals for
nine major household functions and their associated
activities. It examines those factors which influence re-
source use and residuals generation, summarizes the
range of options available to conserve resources (and
reduce residuals discharge), and estimates the costs
and benefits of conservation measures. Indices of re-
source use and residuals generation are developed to
aid regional residuals environmental quality manage-
ment analyses.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water consump-
tion, Households, Space heating, Illuminating, Hot
water heating, Kitchens, Washing machines, Drying,
Clothes driers, Benefit cost analysis, Fuel consump-
tion, 'Energy consumption, 'Energy conservation,
Heat consumption, Electric power consumption, Solid
wastes.
PB-294 879/2 PCA11/MFA01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., College, AK.
Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Freshwater Fishes of Alaska: Their Biology, Distri-
bution and Value. Final rept. 1 Jun 75-31 Dec 76,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks.
James E. Morrow. May 79,250p EPA/600/3-79/053
Grant EPA-R-803845-01
A summary of knowledge of the freshwater fishes of
Alaska is provided. Covered are 56 species in 34
genera and 15 families, including strictly freshwater
species, anadromous forms and those which normally
are marine but which occasionally or regularly enter
fresh water. For each species, a brief description is
given, followed by discussion of its range and abun-
dance, its general biology and Its importance to man,
as far as presently known. This report covers the
period 1 June 1975 to 31 December 1976 and was
completed as of 31 December 1976.
Keywords: 'Alaska, 'Fresh water fishes, Distribution,
Abundance, Fishes, Taxonomy, Biology, Anadromous
fishes.
PB-294 907/1 PC A02/MF A01
How EPA Validates NSPS (New Source Perform-
ance Standards) Methodology. Journal article
(Final),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
M. Rodney Midgett. 1977,8p EPA/600/J-77/145
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v11,
n7,p655-6591977.
This report contains the results from a program de-
signed to standardize those emission test methods
promulgated by the EPA for use in determining compli-
ance with Federal emission standards. The approach
taken has been to conduct at least a limited laboratory
and field evaluation, followed by an Intel-laboratory col-
laborative test of each method. Emphasis here is
placed on the collaborative testing, the results of
which are presented in terms of within-laboratory, be-
tween-laboratory, and laboratory bias standard devi-
ations. These estimates are based on single-run re-
sults, and not on the results of three consecutive runs
as would be required in conducting compliance testing.
A brief discussion is given of the manner in which the
precision estimates are derived. Determination of
method accuracy is also considered where practical.
The design of each test, deficiencies In test designs,
and other problems affecting the test results are dis-
cussed. An improved test design that overcomes most
of the problems observed in earlier tests is described.
A brief discussion of current projects and future plans
is given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Tests, Laboratory equip-
ment, Field tests, Standards, Performance evaluation,
National government, Monitoring, 'New source per-
formance standards, Stationary sources, Reprints.
PB-294 908/9 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Barlte (BaSO4) on Development of Es-
tuarlne Communities. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Marlin E. Tagatz, and Michael Tobia. 22 Sep 77,9p
EPA/600/ J-78/090, CONTR1B-340
Pub. in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science (1978)
7, p401-407 1978.
Barite (BaSO4), the primary component of oil drilling
muds, affected the composition of estuarine communi-
ties developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria con-
taining sand and flowing estuarine water. Aquaria con-
tained: sand only; a mixture (by volume) of 1 part barite
and 10 parts sand; 1 part barite and 3 parts sand; or
sand covered by 0.5 cm of barite. For all environments,
annelids and mollusks were the numerically dominant
phyla collected in a 1-mm-mesh sieve after 10 weeks
exposure; a total of 3020 animals, representing 59
species was collected. Significantly fewer animals and
species developed in aquaria sand covered by barite
than in aquaria unexposed or exposed to 1 barite: 10
sand. Number of animals in aquaria containing 1
barite:3 sand also differed from that in control aquaria.
Annelids were particularly affected and significantly
fewer were found found in all treatments than in the
control. Mollusks decreased markedly in number only
in barite-covered aquaria. Barite, however, did not
impede growth (as height) of the abundant clam, Lae-
vicardlum mortoni, or decrease abundance of six other
phyla. Our data indicate that large quantities of this
compound, as discharged in offshore oil drilling, possi-
bly could adversely afreet the colonizaton of benthlc
animals.
Keywords: 'Barlte, 'Estuaries, 'Toxicology, Sulfate
minerals, Drilling fluids, Nonmetalliferous minerals, Ex-
posure, Experimental data, Plankton, Benthos, Devel-
opment, Mollusca, Annelida, Clams, Oil wells, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic sub-
stances, Biological effects, Laevicardium mortoni.
PB-294 909/7 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Some Trace Elements on the Blood of
Kuwait Mullets 'Liza macroteps' (Smith). Journal ar-
ticle,
Kuwait Inst. for Scientific Research. Marine Pollution
Programme.
M. M. Helmy, A. E. Lemke, P. G. Jacob, and B. L.
Oostdam. 1978,13p EPA/600/J-78/095
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecol-
ogy, v34, p151-161,1978.
Haemopathological changes attributed to heavy metal
poisoning observed in blood smears of Liza macrole-
pis (Smith) taken after exposures of 96 h to graded
doses (mg/l) of copper (0.11-1.80), lead (1.15-18.36),
and mercury (0.04-0.59), in a flow-through marine bio-
assay system. In general, changes in leucocytic profile
appear to be correlated with pathological changes
caused by increasing copper and mercury concentra-
tions. By contrast, blood samples of mullets exposed
to lead, showed significant polychromasia and +1 ani-
socytosis regardless of concentrations. The RBC
count, haemoglobin content, and haematocrit percent-
ages were less valuable in diagnosis of copper and
mercury effects. These manifestations of poisoning by
trace elements bear a resemblance to the pathological
changes that have been shown clinically and experi-
mentally in mammals. Consequently, blood meas-
urements on marine organisms may be diagnostic of
undesirably high levels of copper and mercury, and so
may constitute useful indicators of marine pollution.
Keywords: 'Blood analysis, 'Toxicology, 'Fishes,
Chemical analysis, Lead(Metal), Copper,
Mercury(Metal), Concentration(Composition), Trace
elements, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Water pollu-
tion, Pathology, Hematology, Exposure, 'Heavy
metals, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution detection,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Reprints, 'Liza ma-
crolepis.
PB-294 910/5 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty to Fathead Minnows of Endrln In Food
and Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Alfred W. Jarvinen, and Robert M. Tyo. 1978,15p
EPA/600/J-78/091
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, V7 D409-421 1978.
December 1983 651
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fathead minnows (Plmephales promelas) were ex-
posed during a partial chronic toxicity study to endrin
concentrations In the water or food, or both, for 300
days encompassing reproduction. Tissue residues
were analyzed at preset Intervals for first-generation
fish, and were also determined for embryos, larvae at
hatch, and 30-day progeny. Gas-chromatographic and
liquid-scintillation techniques were used to monitor the
contribution of endrin from each source. The food was
clams that had accumulated 14C-endrin when ex-
posed to an endrin water concentration similar to that
to which the fish were exposed. Higher endrin tissue
residues were accumulated from the water than from
food. Maximum concentration factors were 0.8 from
the food and 13,000 from the water. Residues contrib-
uted by endrin in the food were additive to those from
the water at all life stages. Endrin in the food (0.63
ppm) significantly reduced survival of the fathead min-
nows, and fish exposed to both endrin sources had
lower survival than those exposed to either source
alone. Endrin residues in embryos and larvae were
highest and larval survival lowest for progeny of adults
exposed to endrin in both food and water. Survival of
30-day progeny was significantly reduced at all test ex-
posures (0.63 ppm in the food, water exposures of
0.14 and 0.25 ppb, and all combinations of food and
water exposure).
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Minnows, 'Pesticides,
'Fresh water fishes, 'Endrin, Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, Bioassay, Food, Fishes, Exposure,
Chlorine organic compounds, Clams, Food chains, In-
secticides, Reproduction(Biology), Larvae,
Ingestion(Biology), 'Toxic substances, Fathead min-
nows, Pimepnales promelas, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Dimethanonaphthalenes, Bioaccu-
mulation, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-294 911/3 PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Arsenic Losses during Ashing: A
Comparison ot Two Methods Applied to Atmos-
pheric Partlculates. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Joseph F. Walling, Gary Evans, Thomas A. Hinners,
Joseph P. Lambert, and Sharon J. Long. 1978,5p
EPA/600/J-78/093
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v28
n11 p1134-1136Nov78.
Different techniques applied to split samples of atmos-
pheric aerosol collected on glass-fiber filters indicated
that Arsenic was not lost during a tow temperature
ashing.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Arsenic, 'Ash content, Aer-
osols, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Low tempera-
ture tests, Particles, Samples, Atomic spectroscopy,
Neutron activation analysis, Absorption spectra, *Air
pollution detection, Flameless atomic absorption anal-
ysis, Glass fiber filters, Reprints.
PB-294 912/1 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Total Sulfur In Gasoline by Qas
Chromatography with a Flame Photometric Detec-
tor. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Dwight A. Clay, Crystal H. Rogers, and Robert H.
Jungers. 24 Sep 76,5p EPA/600/J-77/143
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v49, nt, p126-128, Jan.
77.
Total sulfur in gasoline is determined by gas Chroma-
tography with a flame photometric detector. The analy-
sis time is less than 5 min with a detection limit of
0.002% S (by weight) and a precision of + or -10%
for duplicate results by the same operator. The main
source of error is the imprecision of injection of very
small sample volumes (0.1 - 0.4 microliter). Gasoline
samples with a sulfur concentration of up to 0.12%
sulfur can be analyzed without dilution or sample prep-
aration.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Sulfur, Gasoline, Air pollu-
tion, Gas Chromatography, Chemical analysis, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Reprints.
PB-294 913/9 PC A02/MF A01
Distribution of Mirex In an Experimental Estuarlne
Ecosystem. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab.. Gulf Breeze, FL.
Wilhelm P. Schoor. 1979, 9p EPA/600/J-79/002,
CONTRIB-303
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 21, p315-321 1979.
Distribution of mirex in various compartments of an ex-
perimental estuarine ecosystem was determined.
Uptake occurred from mirex concentrations in the
water that averaged 0.061 plus or minus 0.031 micro-
grams/liter. Accumulation occurred to the highest
degree in the hepato-pancreas of grass shrimp (Palae-
monetes pugio) with a concentration factor of 11,000
at the end of 13 days exposure. The hepatopancreas
was the only living component to show a clear, con-
tinuous increase in concentration of mirex, a trend not
revealed by whole-body residues.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Pesticides, Interactions, Distri-
bution, Experimental data,
Concentration(Cpmposition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Insecticides, Shrimps, Exposure, Residues,
Pancreas gland, Reprints, Ecosystems, 'Mirex,
Kepone, Methanocyclobuta(cd)pentalenes, Palae-
monetes pugio, 'Pesticide residues.
PB-294 914/7 PC A02/MF A01
Direct Determination of Phosphorus in Gasoline
by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Daniel J. Driscoll, Dwight A. Clay, Crystal H. Rogers,
Robert H. Jungers, and Frank E. Butler. 17 Feb 78, 5p
EPA/600/J-78/094
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v50, n6, p767-769, May
78.
A new method is presented for the determination of
phosphorus in gasoline using flameless atomic ab-
sorption. Lanthanum nitrate solution is inserted in a
graphite furnace prior to direct addition of gasoline.
The organic matrix is charred prior to atomization of
the phosphorus. The sensitivity of this method is 20 ng
of phosphorus per 90-microliters aliquot of gasoline.
Repeated analysis of NBS triphenyl phosphate stand-
ard at the 80-ng level resulted in 2% relative standard
deviation. Each determination requires less than 2 min.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Phosphorus, Gasoline,
Performance evaluation, Air pollution, Chemical analy-
sis, * Flameless atomic absorption analysis, 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB-294 915/4 PC A02/MF A01
Rapid Procedure for Preparation of Support-
Bonded Carbowax 20M Gas Chromatographlc
Column Packing. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert F. Moseman. 5 Jul 78,8p EPA/600/J-78/105
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 166, p397-4021978.
A rapid and simplified procedure is described for the
preparation of support-bonded Carbowax 20M gas
chromatographic column packings. The heat treat-
ment process is carried out in a 100-ml volumetric
pipet in a conventional gas chromatograph. Using the
described procedure, column packing can be prepared
in as little as three days. Representative chromato-
grams of intact carbamate pesticides and underiva-
tized polar pesticide metabolites are illustrated.
Keywords: 'Gas Chromatography, 'Column packings,
Chemical analysis, Pesticides, Carbamates, Heat
treatment, Supports, Chemical bonds, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Laboratory equipment, Carbowax 20M
column packings, Procedures, Reprints.
PB-294 916/2 PC A02/MF A01
Precision Estimates for EPA Test Method 8 - SO2
and H2S04 Emissions from Sulfurlc Acid Plants.
Journal article (Final),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
William J. Mitchell, M. Rodney Midgett, and Jack C.
Suggs. 9 Mar 78,6p EPA/600/J-78/097
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v13 p179-182 1978.
The results from a collaborative test of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency Test Method 8 are pre-
sented. In the collaborative test six laboratories simul-
taneously sampled the same stack at a sulfuric acid
plant using two Method 8 sampling trains per labora-
tory. The collaborative test determined that the repea-
tability of the method was 7.61 mg sulfuric acid per cu
m and 22.30 mg sulfur dioxide per cu m. Similarly, tne
reproducibility of the method was 8.43 mg sulfuric acra
per cu m and 31.10 mg sulfur dioxide per cu m. The es-
timates of precision were determined to be mdepeno-
ent of the pollutant concentration over the concentra-
tion range measured.
Keywords: 'Suifuric acid, 'Chemical industry, *Ga»
analysis, 'Sulfur dioxide, Chemical analysis, Solutions,
Filtration, Volumetric analysis, Industrial wastes, tr«
method 8, Procedures, Reprints.
PB-294 917/0 PC A02/MF A01
Observations of Mouse Fetuses After irradiation
with 2.45 GHz Microwaves. Journal article, . .
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
Ezra Berman, James B. Kinn, and Hershell B. Carter.
31 Jan 78,14p EPA/600/J-78/100
Pub. in Health Physics. v35 n6 p791-801 Dec 78.
Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz CVV'ra-
diation for 100 min daily at a range of power densities
(3.4-28 mW/cu. cm.). Near-term fetuses were exam-
ined for gross external morphologic alterations. Mean
live fetal weight per litter decreased significantly wnn
exposure to the highest power density (sham, o.»'
plus or minus 0.15 g; irradiated, 0.89 plus or minus u.io
g). There was a significantly increased incidence• w
cranioschisis in exposed fetuses. An exposure ot irw
dam for 100 min at these power densities did no>
appear to be significant thermally. Estimates of mean
dose rate as determined using twin-well calonmeiry
ranged from 2.0 to 22.2 mW/g.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, *lrrffjijj'
tion, Mice, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Morphology.
Embryos, Reprints, Fetuses, Nonionizing radiation,
Biological effects.
PB-294 918/8 PC A02/MF A01
Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisonings '"
Humans: Determination of Residues and Metaoo-
lltes in Tissues and Urine. Journal article, . ,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangw
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Emile M. Lores, Diane E. Bradway, and Robert F.
Moseman. 4 Feb 77,9p EPA/600/J-78/099
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health 33(5),
2761978.
The analyses of four organophosphorus pesticide p<£
soning cases, three of which resulted in death, are re-
ported. The case histories of the subjects, along*""
the analysis of tissues, urine, and blood for the le»e'D
of pesticides and metabolites are given. The pes«'
cides involved include dicrotophos, chlorpyrifos, rnw
athion, and parathion. The methods of analysis were
adapted from previously published methods that P"f
vide a very rapid means of identification of or85"„/
poisoned patients.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Biological extracts,
•Tissues(Biology), 'Urine, 'Blood analysis, Chernicw
analysis, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Malathion, Dursban, Phosphorothioic acid/O-u
diethyl-O-(trichloro-pyridyl), Bidrin, Parathion, Prw*
phoricacid/(dimethyl-ester)-hydroxy-N-N-dimethyipro-
acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-
tonamide, Phosphorothioic acid/O-
O-(nitrophenyl-ester), Reprints.
PC A02/MF A01
nifur oxides ana
PB-294 919/6
Evidence for the Influence of Sulfur Oxides i
Partlculates on Morbidity. Journal article, ,.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangi"
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Dec 78,21 p EPA/600/J-78/101
Pub. in Bull, of the New York Academy of Medicine.
2nd Series, v54 n11 p1137-1154 Dec 78.
The review puts into perspective the relationshiplOj
human morbidity to the occurrence of sulfur oxW8
and related particulates in the atmosphere. There is "•
question that such a relationship exists. But the r"«™
problems of terminology and technology make r
else and unequivocal interpretation of the data :"
sible. Most of the morbidity data come from i
iatni'
ologic studies; air pollution epidemiology is undeniatni'
a multidisciplinary endeavor with all tne problems "'
652 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tr|erein; its interpretation, when recognizing
pr°blams. can provide a holistic view that is
n tne 8um o* ts components. Any single
air Pollution epidemiology could lead equally
nr r ' honest individuals to widely divergent inter-
£'<«a«ons. The data must, therefore, be interpreted in
m«.K w ! but open-minded fashion that recognizes
"jr^oaplogic problems and leans toward qualitative
m«,S ons rather than straining for rigid quantitative
'"suits. This evidence provides a basis into which can
tnvi~.i 8d tne more quantitative data from animal
' '" vitro metabolic studies, and clinical re-
sear h ,
vaSIS^ nat leacl to tne final judgmental process of de-
veloping regulatory policy.
viavu* *: Morbidity, 'Toxicology, 'Sulfur oxides, Re-
ErvM ,umans' Oxides, Sulfur inorganic compounds,
pv,Sern'ol°9y. Air pollution, Physiological effects,
Health, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Particu-
pollution effects(Humans), Illnesses, Environ-
gB-294 920/4 PC A02/MF A01
tatt!S"n8tlon of P«ntachlorophenol In Urine: The
HeS2, S?c* of Hydrolysis. Journal article,
"Bath Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
Thnm r°nmental Toxicology Div.
Sn cS?8,"- Edgerton, and R. F. Moseman. 4 May 78,
Pnh , /600/j-79/009
P197-1991' °'A9riculture and Food Cnemi8try, v27 n1
ten£l <*romatographic method for more reliable de-
been 5ion of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in urine has
8amr,uevel°Ped- After hydrolysis and extraction the
nStfcT *as reacted with diazomethane to produce the
ture n. htr ot PCP Prior to analysis by electron-cap-
cloan cnr°matography. An acid alumina column
eivol'UP system was developed to remove interfer-
m < . om the samole extracts and allow detectabilitv
WaLpPP PpP- Average recoveries of greater than 90">
M plgMained from urine fortified with known ampunts
of nrl "* importance of hydrolysis and comparisons
Present methodologies will also be presented.
: "Urine, 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides,
Qanu 8. Extraction, Biological extracts, Chlorine or-
car*,, """"Pounds, 'Phenol/pentachloro, Electron
<"»p«jre gas chromatography, Reprints.
Coillfc' 921/2 pc A02/MF A01
Its 8r2!'8tlv« Testing of a Manual Sodium Areen-
In Arnli ^ tor Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide
ErwuSr*"1 Alr- Journal article (Final),
TrianniniTr?ntal Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
J0hn?!e.park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Jr uuLMai'Se*or|. Jack C. Suggs, Paul C. Constant,
$ EPA/600/ jf7h8a'P6|ndGa°r9eW.Scheil.5Apr77,
Mai '"Environmental Science and Technology, v12
Heal. T 1 1978- Prepared in cooperation with Midwest
n8«earch Inst, Kansas City, MO.
uremf djum arsenite method for 24-h integrated meas-
lahnr!"' of N02 in ambient air was subjected to a col-
and .a~v
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
criteria, Performance evaluation, "New source per-
formance standards, Best technology, Wet methods.
PB-294 963/4 PC A99/MF A01
Directory of Air Quality Monitoring Sites Active In
1977. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Nov78, 780p* EPA/450/2-78/048
See also report dated May 77, PB-271 387, and report
dated Mar 75, PB-246 659.Portions of this document
are not fully legible.
This publication includes a listing of all monitoring sites
active in 1977 which have submitted SAROAD Site
Identification Form. Each Site to be classified as oper-
ational and listed in this directory must have sampled
at least one pollutant in 1977. In addition to the site list-
ing, this document reflects useful information on the
pollutant sampled.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Directories,
'Monitoring, Sites, Classifications, United States,
Coding, 'Storage and retrieval of aerometric data, Air
quality control regions, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-294 964/2 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Legal Issues of Emission Density Zoning. Final
rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Martin S. Jaffee, Daniel R. Mandelker, William A.
Thomas, Deborah B. Wafer, and Felice Taub. Sep 78,
142p' ARGONNE/P-7711A, EPA/450/3-78/049
Prepared by American Society of Planning Officials,
Chicago, IL. Prepared in cooperation with Washington
Univ., St. Louis, MO. School of Law., and American Bar
Foundation, Chicago, IL. See also PB-290 657.
Emission density zoning (EDZ) is an air pollution con-
trol strategy that sets emission limits for certain areas
of land; these limits restrict trie rate of pollutant emis-
sion per unit area (such as grams per second per hect-
are). This report examines legal issues involving EDZ.
Many of the legal arguments applied to EDZ, and the
conclusions reached, also may be applied to other
types of land-use-based emission quota strategies,
such as floating zone emission quotas, jurisdictional
emission quotas, and district emission quotas. EDZ
can be considered as either a land-use or air pollution
control technique; each Interpretation raises different
legal questions. EDZ probably would be upheld as a
valid technique under the Clean Air Act and its amend-
ments, but modifications of state air pollution control or
land-use-management enabling legislation may be
needed to ensure Implementation. EDZ also raises
constitutional questions of equal protection and due
process, but these Issues largely depend on the partic-
ular administrative mechanisms used to implement
EDZ. Legal Issues also may arise if EDZ Is considered
a pollution dispersal rather than a pollution abatement
strategy. The legal questions concerning EDZ may
best be resolved through explicit state enabling legis-
lation that clearly delegates authority to local, regional,
and state agencies, and establishes strong mecha-
nisms for intergovernmental coordination.
Keywords: 'Land use zoning, *Density(Mass/volume),
'Standards, 'Regional planning, Regulations, National
government, State government, Management plan-
ning, Urban planning, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Emis-
sion density limits, 'Air pollution standards, 'Air qual-
ity, 'Emission density zoning.
PB-294 971/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Protected 1982 Carbon Monoxide Levels In the
Non-Attainment Area* of New Mexico. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
Oct 78,33p EPA/906/9-78/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2537
Emission inventories for carbon monoxide in years
1977 and 1982 are provided for nonattainment areas
In Farmington, Las Cruces, and Santa Fe. Carbon
monoxide emissions for 1977 are provided for the Al-
buquerque metropolitan area. Carbon monoxide levels
for tho Farmington, Las Cruces, and Santa Fe nonat-
tainment areas were estimated for 1982 using propor-
tional rollback. Results indicate that air quality stand-
ards will be attained by 1982 from application of the
Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, 'New
Mexico, Methodology, Concentration(Comp9Sition),
Standards, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), 'Air quality, State implementation plans,
Emission factors.
PB-294 975/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Summary of Group I Control Technique Guideline
Documents for Control of Volatile Organic Emis-
sions from Existing Stationary Sources,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
P. R. Peterson, and R R. Sakaida. Dec 78,42p EPA/
450/3-78/120
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
Control Technique Guideline (CTG) documents have
been prepared by the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards of the U.S. EPA to assist the states in
defining reasonably available control technology
(RACT) for the control of volatile organic compound
emissions from existing stationary sources. This docu-
ment summarizes those CTGs issued as of January
1978 including a design criteria document for gasoline
service stations. A description of each source category
is provided, along with RACT and costs to retrofit a
model facility. Source categories included are: surface
coating of cans, metal coils, fabric, paper products,
automobile and light duty trucks, metal furniture,
magnet wire, and large appliances; gasoline terminals,
bulk plants and service stations; fixed roof petroleum
storage tanks; miscellaneous refinery sources; cut-
back asphalt; and solvent metal cleaning (degreasing).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Guidelines, Technology, Sources, Coatings,
Cans, Coils, Fabrics, Paper products, Gasoline, De-
greasing, Terminal facilities, Storage tanks, Refineries,
Asphalt, 'Stationery sources, Reasonably available
control technology, Fugitive emissions.
PB-294 976/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Volatile Organic Compound Control Strategy for
Non-Attainment Areas In Louisiana. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, VA.
John Dadiani, Conrad W. Petersen, and Thomas J.
Raubacher. Dec 78,68p EPA/906/9-78/007
Contract EPA-68-02-2541
See also PB-294 977.
The control strategies described in this report are In-
tended to reduce the amount of volatile organic com-
pounds emitted in the New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and
Shreveport metropolitan areas In Louisiana. The oxi-
dant air quality design values used for the control strat-
egy development are .15 ppm, .19 ppm, and .14 ppm
for New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Shreveport re-
spectively. Linear rollback ana modified rollback were
used to calculate the required reductions. Five ozone
transport scenarios were considered in calculating
emissions reductions necessary to attain standards.
Emissions for 1977 were projected to 1982 and reduc-
tions were taken for application of HACT to stationary
point sources plus the Federal Motor Vehicle Control
Program. A demonstration of attainment of standards
was not possible with any scenario in Baton Rouge
and Shreveport. Attainment could be demonstrated in
New Orleans with original (T(o)) and future (T(f)) trans-
port values of .12 ppm and .02 ppm respectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, Standards, Urban areas, Rural areas, Method-
ology, Sources, Metropolitan areas, Louisiana, Base-
line measurements, Stationary sources, Point sources,
New Orleans(Loulsiana), Baton Rouge(Louisiana),
Shreveport( Louisiana).
PB-294 977/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Inventory
for Non-Attainment Areas In Louisiana. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, VA.
John Dadiani, Arthur B. Nunn, III, and Thomas J.
Raubacher. Dec 78,139p EPA/906/9-78/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
See also PB-294 978.
This project includes the development of a volatile^or-
ganic compound emission inventory for 17 no""8.?.
ment parishes in Air Quality Control Region (WJ
106 and 2 non-attainment parishes in AQCR °"-
New Orleans and Baton Rouge metropolitan are"8™
located in AQCR 106 and the Shreveport metroponia"
area is located in AQCR 022. The inventories were
compiled in accordance with the methodology"
scribed in Procedures for the Preparation of tmissii«
Inventories for Volatile Organic Compounds, i ne »
ventories consist of emissions from stationary P"
sources, stationary area sources, and mobile so^"L
Stationary point sources account most of the en
sions in the Baton Rouge area. Emissions are rnui=
evenly distributed between the three categories in <•»
New Orleans area, and mobile source emissions BIO
predominant in the Shreveport area. The volatile u>
ganic compound emission inventory represents caie
dar year 1977.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, *Or9aniccfa°n'di
pounds, Inventories, Sources, Methodology, &Kj;.
ards, Concentration(Composition), Louisiana, °"
tionary sources, 'Emission factors, Point sources, r»
quality control region.
PB-294 978/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air a
Hazardous Materials Div. . „.,,,
Control Technology Study for the New Me»c«
Potash Industry. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Robert R. Hall, William Piispanen, and Robert M. .
Bradway. Dec 78,85p GCA-TR-78-06-G, EPA/906/»"
78/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2607 , are
See also PB-294 979.Portions of this document »»
not fully legible.
This document reports on an evaluation of ern'ss'?2(j
from, and available control technology for, subtnew
combustion evaporators used by the potash inc™sj?0f
New Mexico. A review of the operating parameters;u
the evaporators was made and the limited exis«»«
emission data evaluated. A field measurement P'"
gram was conducted which utilized a SASS sarnp in»
train to quantify the paniculate emissions and Pan',;J
size distribution. Although the submerged evaporv"
emission proved to be a difficult source to sample u
cause of nigh moisture content, high paniculate con
centration and very small particle size, data Vl0r^°n,t
tained that allowed an evaluation of the technical ail-
economic feasibility of control technologies. The "]",.
control options that are discussed include a BrinK m»
eliminator, a Venturl scrubber and a multiple enw
evaporator.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Potassium carbon-
ates, Chemical industry, Evaporators, ScrubDei?.
Combustion products, Particle size distribution, rw"
tests, Process charting, Design criteria, Sampling.""
dustrial wastes, Tables(Data), Cost analysis, rw
Mexico, 'Potash industry, Venturi scrubbers, M™
eliminators.
PB-294 979/0 PC A03/MF AOj
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air •>"
Hazardous Materials Div. ln.
Summary Report on Motor Vehicle Emission* "7,
spectlon and Maintenance Programs for Non-"1
talnment Areas in Louisiana. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, »A.
John Dadiani, and Thomas J. Raubacher. Feb 79,4«P
EPA/906/9-79/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2541
See also PB-294 976.
The report documents general information on
motor
vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) with respec'
to the metropolitan areas of New Orleans, Batoj
Rouge, and Shreveport. A background discussion <*
events leading to thi eed tor an I/M program is P«r
vided. A general description of I/M is provided *'"]..„
spect to types of programs, the benefits of I/M, *n°J\.
formation on implementation activities. Expected ny
drocarbon emission reductions are included.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution control, *H£
drocarbons, 'Inspection, Maintenance, Standards, fcjj
haust emissions, Public health, Oxidizers, Failure an»
ysis, Metropolitan areas, Louisiana, Reasonably av»n"
654 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
able
Baton D0"'1"01,, technology, New Orleans(Louisiana),
°«on Houge(Louisiana), Shreveport(Louisiana).
, PCA04/MFA01
M°nitoring and Support Lab., Las
Solu!!lJi-c£nnal88ance of Hazardous Substance*
at Conditions. Final rept.,
NV
''lustrations reproduced in black and white.
ment»iSiLiEnvironmental Protection Agency's Environ-
Veaal N0nit2rin9 and Support Laboratory in Las
over a "evad8. conducted aerial reconnaissance
Product- er °1 industrial facilities engaged in the
stanroc £' Stora9e, and handling of hazardous sub-
Unito" c!nal afe. located near navigable waters of the
this project
isance pro
tora'ni"T°r!" "'onuoring oil production, refining, and
«l Wod uS* can be aPP|ied to monitoring chemi-
s* and spiJI.,ar,nreaS,t0ra9? facilities '° Sh°W WhSthe-
. ~: conditions exist within chemical
"on and storage facilities, and to provide anno-
"Oiographic examples of spills and spill-threat
;n.s exist within chemical production and stor-
• lines, and to provide annotated photographic
is of spill conditions. Typical in-plant facilities
"oraoflf"1,' reconnaissance include: (1) product
*um stnr ' lncludin.9 storage and holding tanks,
stocKoiifio.% and Sta9'n9 areas, and dry-product
marine ann •' Product transfer facilities, such as
toadinn ?a ,,nver terminals, and tank car and truck
trsatmeni ( ,and *3* p'ar|t drainage and wastewater
s*rve »« 'ac»ities. The photographic examples can
d »£ ?'° interpretation keys to aid both experi-
11 sensing specialists and inexperienced
nni •
anca w h ln monitoring chemical facilities for compli-
issued ar™c'Pated spin
ued in prevention regulations to be
Control i ? . ra"
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-295 000-SET PC E19
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Flu* G*> D**ulfurlzatlon Pilot Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Installation*.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Jan 79, 842p-in13v
Set includes PB-295 001 thru PB-295 013.
No abstract available.
PB-295 001/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Flu* Qa* Desulfurization Pilot Study. Pha** I.
Survey of Major Installations. Report No. 95. Sum-
mary of Survey Reports on Flue Gas Dasulfurlza-
tlon Processes,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Frank Princiotta. Jan 79,35p
See also Appendix 95-A, PB-195 002. NATO fur-
nished. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Re-
search and Development.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
Appendices to this summary consist of twelve individu-
al status reports that will be available through the Na-
tional Technical Information Service (NTIS) in the
United States and of course limited copies will be avail-
able through NATO. The twelve report titles which are
appendices to the summary are: (A) Status Report on
the Limestone/Sludge Flue Gas Desulfurization Proc-
ess; (B) Status Report on the Lime/Sludge Flue Gas
Desulfurization Process; (C) Status Report on the
Double Alkali/Sludge Flue Gas Desulfurization Proc-
ess; (D) Status Report on the Sea Water Scrubbing
Flue Gas Desulfurization Process; (E) Status Report
on the Limestone/Gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization
Process; (F) Status Report on the Lime/Gypsum Flue
Gas Desulfurization Process; (G) Status Report on the
Double Alkali/Gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization Proc-
ess; (H) Status Report on Flue Gas Desulfurization by
Scrubbing with Dilute Sulfurlc Acid; (I) Status Report
on the Magnesium Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurization; (J)
Status Report on the Sodium Sulfite Scrubbing Flue
Gas Desulfurization Process; (K) Status Report on the
Carbon-Adsorption Flue Gas D-'sulfurization Process;
(L) Status Report on the Copper Oxide Flue Gas De-
sulfurization.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Surveys,
•Absorbers(Materials), "Flue gases, Sulfur dioxide. In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Pilot plants,
Design criteria, Process charting, Performance evalua-
tion, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Electric power plants,
State of the art, NATO furnished.
PB-296 002/0 PC A04/MF A01
Flue Ga* D**ulfurizatlon Pilot Study. Pha** I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-A.
Umestone/Sludge Flu* Qa* Dasulfurlzatlon Proc-
ess.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Frank Princiotta, Richare W. Gerstle, and Edmund
Schindler. Jan 79,69p
See also Report No. 95, PB-295 001, and Appendix
95-B, PB-295 003. NATO furnished. Prepared in coop-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
pared by PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
Umestone/sludge systems are the least expensive of
all flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems currently
used in the United States. Limestone is cheap and
generally locally available, as is the land necessary for
sludge disposal. Limestone/sludge systems require
200,000 sq m at small plants and as much as
4,000,000 sq m at large plants for sludge disposal. In
other countries, limestone appears to be available in
sufficient quantities to make it inexpensive, but space
for sludge disposal is generally not as available as in
the United States.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys, 'Lime-
stone, 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Flue gases, Sludge dis-
posal, Pilot plants, Process charting, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Technology,
Sulfur dioxide, NATO furnished.
PB-295 003/8 PC A04/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurization Pilot Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-B.
Lime/Sludge Flue Ga* Desulfurization Process.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
N. Haug, G. Oelert, and G. Weisser. Jan 79,59p
See also Appendix 95-A, PB-295 002, and Appendix
95-C, PB-295 004. NATO furnished. Prepared in coop-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
pared by Battelle-lnst. e.V., Frankfurt and Main (Ger-
many, F.R.).
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
Considering the application of lime/sludge flue gas de-
sulfurization (FGD) systems, the space necessary for
the sludge disposal is amongst others an important
factor. Therefore the lime/sludge (and the limestone/
sludge) technology is economically advantageous in
the U.S.A. due to the availability of inexpensive land,
whereas in Europe and in Japan the availability of suffi-
cient space is often prohibitive. Generally inexpensive
lime can be provided to the FGD plants and, as far as
available, carbide sludge from chemical industry or al-
kaline fly ash can be utilized as scrubbing agent. The
lime/sludge technology is well developed. Through
operation of large scale plants in different countries
considerable experience was gathered and reliability
of the systems was proven.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys, *Flue
gases, 'Calcium oxides, 'Absorbers(Materials), Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis,
Sulfur dioxide, Substitutes, Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Technology, Sludge
disposal, Pilot plants, West Germany, NATO furnished.
PB-295 004/6 PC A05/MF A01
Flu* Ga* 0**ulfur1zatlon Pilot Study. Pha** I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-C.
Double Alkall/Sludg* Flu* Ga* Desulfurization
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Frank Princiotta, Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
Schindler. Jan 79, 79p
See also Appendix 95-B, PB-295 003, and Appendix
95-D, PB-295 005. NATO furnished. Prepared In coop-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
pared by PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
The double alkali system is a relatively new flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) process that was developed to
overcome some of the problems associated with lima/
limestone systems without losing any of their advan-
tages. The problems generally associated with lime/
limestone systems are scaling, plugging, and erosion,
all of which result from the absorbent's being in slurry
form. The double alkali system overcomes these prob-
lems by using a soluble absorbant. The inexpensive
raw materials and the relatively simple processing
steps that are the major advantages of the lime/lime-
stone systems are also advantages of the double alkali
system. Pilot plant investigations on the application of
double alkali to combustion sources began in 1973.
Now three utilities, with a total capacity of 1102 MW,
and three industrial-sized boilers in the United States
are installing this system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys, 'Flue
gases, 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Sludge, Boilers, Sub-
stitutes, Solubility, Process charting, Design criteria,
pH, Sulfates, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation,
Sulfur dioxide, Sodium hydroxide, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Pilot plants, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing, NATO furnished, Chloride ions.
PB-295 005/3 PC A04/MF A01
Flu* Ga* Desulfurization Process, Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Instillations. Appendix 95-0, S«a
Water Scrubbing Flu* Ga* Desulfurlzatlon Proc-
ess,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Roger I. Hagen, and Herman Kolderu. Jan 79,65p
See also Appendix 95-C, PB-295 004, and App«nd*
95-E, PB-295 006. NATO furnished. Prepared in cow-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, w«"
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. rr»
pared by Norges Tekniske Hoegskole, Trondneim.
Selskapet for Industriell og Teknisk Forskning. ,
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-sPecW,ty
maximum continuous heat input of 1 30 MW (Z'
2x51 .5 MW) corresponding to approximately ou
(10 MWE + 2x20 MWE) generating capacity
power plant having a net efficiency of 38%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys, "Sea
water, 'Scrubbing, 'Flue gases, 'Electric P°"
plants, 'Absorbers(Materials), Industrial wastes,
bustion products, Cost analysis, Substitutes,
charting, Design criteria, Performance waluOT,
Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants, Norway, NATO furnisneo.
PB-295 006/1 PC A05/MF A01
Flu* Ga* De*ulfur1zatlon Pilot Study. Pn***-
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix W*
Limestone/Gypsum Flu* Ga* D**uHurlz*tw"
Process, . . „
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
ety, Brussels (Belgium). .
Frank Princiotta, Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmuno
Schindler. Jan 79, 87p . .njiv
See also Appendix 95-D, PB-295 005, and ApP"W»
95-F PB-295 007. NATO furnished. Prepared in coop;
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, v»w
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. rr
pared by PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati,
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19,
000-SET.
The limestone/gypsum flue gas desulfurization »y*J|L
has proved reliable in controlling SO2 emissions tro'
large boilers and producing a salable,
, u
ity gypsum. This process has been the most pop"
FGD system in Japan however, few new system » " .
being installed since fuel oil desulfurization "»2
become more cost-competitive, ambient a»
levels have declined, and gypsum supplies are
dant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys,
stone, 'Gypsum, 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Flue g«!,
Process charting, Design criteria, Industrial ««»'
Combustion products, Cost analysis, Substitu te|| "Lgg
formance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Earth fill, 'Jvi-fo
disposal, Pilot plants, 'Limestone scrubbing, w'
furnished.
PB-295 007/9 PC A04/MF AO1
Flu* Ga* Desulfurization Pilot Study. ?"•£.«.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix »""
Lime/Gypsum Flu* Gaa Desulfurization Proc**>> ,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern &°"
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
N. Haug, G. Oelert, and G. Weisser. Jan 79, 52p dix
See also Appendix 95-E, PB-295 006, and Apoe""
95-G, PB-295 008. NATO furnished. Prepared in caw
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, yS!..
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. r>
pared by Battelle-lnst. e.V., Frankfurt am w
(Germay, F.R.). „_ ,95
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-"
000-SET.
Lime/gypsum flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-syst* |
are well suited for relatively high populated areas "»
Japan and Europe. The production of salable ayP/jU
contributes economical advantages. Good e*P8"jnjch
exists in the application of commercial units, wl
have been operating for several years.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Surveys, *.«,
oxides, 'Gypsum, 'Absorbers(Materials), *Flueg»»n
Process charting, Design criteria. Industrial wa »'
Combustion products, Cost analysis, Substitutes, r
formance evaluation, Earth fills, Sludge disposal. »«r
trie power plants. Hydrogen chloride, Hydrogen '
oride, Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants, West German
' Limestone scrubbing, NATO furnished.
656 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
flu". 5 W*!J PC A05/MF A01
- Q*» Desulfurlzatlon Pilot Study. Phase I.
of Malor installations. Appendix 95-G.
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon
rocMs
etvTF?r.Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
elSB
n..
Srhnrfi °'otta' Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
|chindler.Jan79,79p
95 w IK? *PPendix 95-F, PB-295 007, and Appendix
eratl™ B"2,?5r.009- NATO furnished. Prepared (n coop-
£wZ» £!!h Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
parBrin: °C- °«ice of Research and Development. Pre-
Als^ J ^fOCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
DORSET? '" Set ot 13 reports PC E19> PB'295
(FGn1°uble alkali/gypsum of flue gas desulfurization
.Tas developed to reduce scaling and plugging
associated with direct lime (CaO) or lime-
o
ste i««VriCO3> systems. One of the first large-scale in-
and wll8 of this Process to control SO2 emissions
197^™,°"°° sypsum (CaSO4) was put in operation in
DeoLSh Showa Denko Plant in Chiba' Japan. BV
JaDB^T?,r 1977' 25 systems were operating, all in
We in ' ?8 d°uble alkali system is especially applica-
movai !™at|ons requiring high (98 percent) SOS re-
Dfn*™' n'Qh availability, and low maintenance. The
lirn&S? IS Particularly applicable to areas where lime/
is a Si '^ources are abundant and where gypsum
avDs,S?rketable by-Product. If it is not marketable,
Base™ arld fly ash oan be used as la.ndfi" to form a
oonstru tl ad"bearin9 capacities sufficient for some
iu: *Air Pollution control, *Flue gases, *Sur-
Induitr- i bers(Materials), 'Gypsum, Sulfur dioxide,
Prorol *astes, Combustion products. Cost analysis,
tiono 9. arting, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
'DusiSi! ?9' Technology, pH, Sulfates, Pilot plants,
" ...... loride ions, NATO furnished.
2**»5 009/5
Suit. * De»ulfurlzatlon Pilot Study. Phase I.
Qs, ?V °f Major Installations. Appendix 95H. Flue
fuHL°**ulfurtzatlon by Scrubbing with Dilute Sul-
PC A04/MF A01
6tvT£.Committee °n the Challenges of Modern Soci-
r«8 (Belgium).
ci°tta, Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
r. Jan 79, 63p
p Appendix 95-G, PB-295 008, and Appendix
sratiflrT295 01°- NAT° furnished. Prepared in coop-
£!Jh Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
-'SL. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
o y°EDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
- e '" Set Of 13 report8 PC E19p PB"295
a Thoroughbred 101 (CT-101) process, the
-9as desulfurization (FGD) system on the
Cusin9 sulfuric acid scrubbing, is gaining popu-
i',. 9 urteen systems are in operation in Japan,
m capacity from 30 MW to 350 MW.
_ 'j?S: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfuric acid,
blnoTT^sfMaterials), 'Flue gases, 'Surveys, Scrub-
chartim?lisWal wastes, Combustion products, Process
Mu.?1 Resign criteria, Performance evaluation. Cost
TKf- Substitutes, Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants,
||Q furnished.
°10'3 PC A05/MF A01
Desulfurtzatlon Pilot Study. Phase I.
endix 95-1. Mag-
tlon Process,
mittee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
lgium).
ichard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
SurLr8' Desulfurtzatlon Pilot
itaiml 2* Mai°r Installations. A
|$5S" Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurl
r.an79,87p
Appendix 95-H, PB-295 009, and Appendix
-295 011. NATO furnished. Prepared in coop-
n rvJh Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
arort Lr^ Office of Research and Development. Pre-
/UgT3 °y PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Ooolsavailable in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
i oxide flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a
"us n •—a Process. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the
the & ,18 absorbed by a magnesium-based slurry, and
n8*10. magnesium sulfite (MgSO3) is calcined to
kdate magnesium oxide (MgO), which is recycled
"•10 the power plant for reuse in the scrubbing sec-
tion. The sulfur value from the SO2-rich by-product gas
is recovered.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Magnesium oxides,
•Surveys, *Flue gases, 'Absorbers(Materials), Sulfur
dioxide, Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Process charting, Cost analysis, Electric power plants,
Pilot plants, Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Waste recy-
cling, NATO furnished.
PB-295 011/1 PC A04/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurization Pilot Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-J.
Sodium Sulfite Scrubbing Flue Gas Desulfurlza-
tlon Process.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Frank Princiotta, Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
Schindler. Jan 79,67p
See also Appendix 95-1, PB-295 010, and Appendix
95-K, PB-295 012. NATO furnished. Prepared in coop-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
pared by PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
The Wellman-Lord flue gas desulfurization (FGD) proc-
ess is currently the most recognized regenerable
system using soluble sodium sulfite as the scrubbing
reagent. Davy Powergas developed the process
during the 1960's; the first commercial installation was
in 1970 on a sulfuric acid plant. The process has since
been applied widely on acid plants, Glaus plants, and
oil-fired boilers and recently has been installed on a
coal-fired boiler. It has treated flue gas with SO2 con-
centrations from 1000 to 30,000 ppm at 90 percent or
better availability.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Surveys,
*Absorbers(Materfals), 'Sodium sulfites, *Flue gases,
Sulfur dioxide, Process charting, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Boil-
ers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Wellman
process, NATO furnished.
PB-295 012/9 PC A03/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurization Pilot Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-K.
Carbon-Adsorption Flue Gas Desulfurization
Process,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
N. Haug, G. Oelert, and G. Weisser. Jan 79,43p
See also Appendix 95-J, PB-295 011, and Appendix
95-L, PB-295 013. NATO furnished. Prepared (n coop-
eration with Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Research and Development. Pre-
pared by Battelle-lnst. e.V., Frankfurt am Main (Ger-
many, F.R.).
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
This process employs cross-flow adsorption as the
Bergbau Forschung Process and regeneration by hot
inert gas as the Rheinluft Process. A pilot plant (10,000
cu m/h) was tested in 1969. Since 1972 a 260,000 cu
m/h demonstration unit has been operating at Ken-
sai's Sakai Port power station.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Surveys, 'Activated
carbon, 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Flue gases, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis,
Electric power plants, Substitutes, Sulfur dioxide, Pilot
plants, West Germany, NATO furnished.
PB-295 013/7 PC A04/MF A01
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Pilot Study. Phase I.
Survey of Major Installations. Appendix 95-L.
Copper Oxide Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Process,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Soci-
ety, Brussels (Belgium).
Frank Princiotta, Richard W. Gerstle, and Edmund
Schindler. Jan 79,57p
See also Appendix 95-K, PB-295 012. NATO fur-
nished. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of He-
search and Development. Prepared by PEDCo-Envi-
ronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E19, PB-295
000-SET.
The copper oxide flue gas desulfurization (FGD) proc-
ess is one of the few dry processes for controlling
sulfur dioxide emissions. The U.S. Bureau of Mines
and Shell Corporation developed this process in the
early 1960's. Shell continued development and In-
stalled a pilot plant at their Permis refinery near Rotter-
dam in 1967. Later they installed a full-size 36-MW
boiler unit at the Yokkaichi refinery in Japan. Although
all problems have not been solved, the system effec-
tively removes SO2 from an oil-fired boiler at an effi-
ciency of 90 percent or greater. The system has not
yet been used on a full-scale coal-fired boiler, but a
jointly funded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and Tampa Electric Co. (TECO) pilot study has
just ended at TECO's Big Bend coal-fired station.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Surveys,
'Absorbers(Metals), 'Copper oxides, 'Flue gases,
Process charting, Design criteria, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Per-
formance evaluation, Electric power plants, Nitrogen
oxides, Substitutes, NATO furnished.
PB-295 014/5 PC A09/MF A01
Performance of Aerated Lagoons In Northern Cli-
mates. Final rept,
Coryallis Environmental Research Lab., College, AK.
Arctic Environmental Research Station.
C. D. Christiansen, and H. J. Coutts. Jan 79,192p
EPA/600/3-79/003
Studies of cold climate aerated lagoons conducted by
the Arctic Environmental Research Station, Fairbanks,
Alaska are reported. Conclusions are based on these
studies, observations of full scale aerated lagoons op-
erating in Alaska and reports on lagoons in the north-
ern tier of the United States and Canada. Biological
processes which occur in facultative aerated lagoons
are reviewed and the performance of cold climate aer-
ated lagoons is examined. Winter and summer per-
formance is compared, and general criteria for the
design of cold climate lagoons is presented. Sample
calculations for predicting the performance of aerated
lagoons are also shown. These calculations are based
on the complete mix equation for aerated lagoon
design and on the results of the data analysis present-
ed in this report.
Keywords: 'Cold weather tests, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Sewage treatment, Arctic regions, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Aeration, Temperature, Sampling,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Aerators, Oxygen, Con-
form bacteria, Removal, Mixing, Chlorination, Reaction
kinetics, Alaska, Suspended solids.
PB-295 018/6 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chromosomal Abnormalities Among Welder
Trainees,
Columbia Univ., New York.
Arthur D. Bloom. Feb 79,39p EPA/600/1-79/011
Contract EPA-68-02-1738
Serial cytogenetic observations were made on a group
of 273 military recruits who were being trained as weld-
ers at Aberdeen, Maryland. The trainees were being
exposed to presumably increased levels of ozone in
the course of their welding school experience, and it
was the purpose of this study to determine whether or
not ozone, at low to moderate doses, is capable ot in-
ducing chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood
lymphocytes. Previous exposures and the past medi-
cal experiences of the trainees were determined by
questionnaire, enabling us to obtain a profile on the
medical-social characteristics of the study sample.
Each welder was to serve as his own control, having a
blood sample drawn at the beginning of his twelve
week training program, prior to ozone exposure, with
two post-exposure bloods being obtained at six and
twelve weeks after the start of the program. Ozone
levels and the levels of the oxides of nitrogen were de-
termined in the immediate area of the welding. The
ozone levels were repeatedly found to be negligible,
with the nitrogen oxides appearing to be the pnmary
toxic agents involved. For those 165 subjects on
whom two blood samples were obtained, and for those
86 on whom all three blood samples were obtained, no
statistically significant increases in chromosomal aber-
rations were found.
Keywords: 'Chromosome abnormalities,
'Welders(Peraonnel), 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, 'Industrt-
December 1983 657
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al medicine, Hazards, Military personnel. Enlisted per-
sonnel, Concentration(Composition), Lymphocytes,
Blood cells, Exposure, Questionnaires, Sampling, Ex-
posure, Nitrogen oxides, Medical examination, Train-
ing programs, Physiological effects, Dosage, Cytoge-
netics, "Toxic substances, *Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and health.
PB-29S 024/4 PC A05/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acrylonltrlle Plant Air Pollution Control. Final rept.
Jan-Dec 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
M. T. Anguin, and S. Anderson. Feb 79,88p EPA/600/
2-79/048
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
Based on available literature, the report Identifies and
ranks (In terms of efficiency, cost, and energy require-
ments) air pollution control technologies for each of
four major air pollutant emission sources in acryloni-
trlle plants. The sources are: (1) absorber vent gas
streams, (2) liquid waste holding ponds, (3) hydrogen
cyanide/acetonitrlle incinerators, and (4) reactor start-
up streams. It also identifies control technology re-
search and development needs. Conclusions concern-
Ing emissions from each source Include: (1) absorber
vent gas streams-large amounts of hydrocarbons
(HCs) are emitted; thermal incineration is an accept-
able and efficient control; (2) liquid waste holding
ponds-high levels of HC emissions occur; no controls
are available for these emissions at the ponds; reduc-
tion of the HC levels prior to discharge to the ponds is
feasible; research should be conducted on carbon ab-
sorption and solvent extraction; (3) hydrogen cyanide/
acetonltrlle Incinerators-high levels of NOx may occur;
more data are required; advanced incineration tech-
niques should be investigated; and (4) reactor startup
streams-large amounts of acrylonitrile are vented to
the atmosphere during reactor startup; incinerating this
stream produces high levels of NOx; carbon adsorp-
tion and wet scrubbing appear feasible; and demon-
strations are required.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Acrylonitriles,
'Chemical industry, Sources, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Absorption, Solvent extraction, Ad-
sorption, Catalysis, Performance evaluation, Cost
analysis, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Process
charting, Substitutes, Flares, Incinerators.
PB-295 028/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Manual for the Measurement and Mod-
eling of Non-Point Sources at an Industrial Site on
a River. Final rept. Jan 77-May 78,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
G. T. Brookman, J. J. Binder, P. B. Katz, and W. A.
Wade, III. Feb 79,83p EPA/600/7-79/049
Contract EPA-68-02-2133
The manual provides a guide for the implementation of
a measurement and modeling program for non-point
sources at an industrial site on a river. Criteria for de-
veloping a field survey program and model selection
are provided, along with program costs and manpower
requirements. A sample list of equipment and comput-
er costs is also provided. The development of a field
survey includes sample site selection, selection of pa-
rameters to be measured, number and frequency of
samples, collection methods, analytical methods, and
data reduction and analysis. Included in the modeling
section is a description of the SSWMM-RECEIV-I)
model which has been adapted to a coal-fired utility
site. Application of the outlined procedures to the
measurement of non-point sources from a coal-fired
utility is also presented.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Manuals, Sampling, In-
dustrial wastes, Mathematical models, Runoff, Sites,
Field tests, Methodology, Cost analysis, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, 'Storm water runoff, 'Water quality,
"Nonpoint sources.
PB-295 036/8 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Tritium Recycle and Buildup In a
Pressurized Water Reactor. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
C. Bruce Smith. Mar 77,46p ORP/TAD-77-1
Recycling radioactive liquid wastes at light-water
cooled nuclear power reactors is becoming a popular
method of limiting release levels to as low as practica-
ble. As a result of recycling the liquid wastes the tritium
in the liquid waste streams is not removed. Combined
with its relatively long half life (12.33 years), recycling
results in a buildup of large volumes of tritium contami-
nated liquids. To evaluate the magnitude of the poten-
tial tritium handling problem ana to develop recom-
mendations for solutions, a computerized model of tri-
tium buildup in a PWR was developed. The results
from this model will be used to assess the potential en-
vironmental impact of tritium recycle for the entire nu-
clear power reactor industry and will be instrumental in
developing standards or guidance concerning tritium
recycle.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Tritium, Pressurized
water reactors, Radioactive waste processing, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Mathematical models, 'Radioac-
tive waste management, Liquid wastes, Radioactive
effluents.
PB-295 038/4 PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation, Washington, DC. Technology As-
sessment Div.
A Survey of Packaging for Solidified Low-Level
Radioactive Waste. Technical note,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Neil E. Miller. Sep 78,46p* ORP/TAD-78/1
Contract EPA-68-01 -3924
There are presently no federal regulations controlling
the packaging of low-level radioactive wastes for dis-
posal by shallow land burial. The packaging of low-
level radioactive wastes for ocean disposal by the Eu-
ropean community has been controlled by guidelines
of the Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD. For both
methods of disposal, the 55-gallon steel drum has
been the most commonly used container. The use of
nonmetal packaging has been more common for con-
taminated trash and other low-level wastes at DOE
shallow land burial sites. The life of the disposal con-
tainer is affected by the structural stresses imposed by
the handling and disposal operations, and by deterio-
ration from corrosion in the disposal environment.
Keywords: 'Radioactive waste processing, 'Contain-
ers, Drums(Containers), 'Low-level radioactive
wastes, Solid wastes, Radioactive waste disposal, Un-
derground disposal, Marine disposal.
PB-295 040/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
of Energy Activities.
Trace Elements of Fly Ash: Emissions from Coal-
Fired Steam Plants Equipped with Hot-Side and
Cold-Side Electrostatic Preclpltators for Partlcu-
late Control. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Robert M. Mann, Robert A. Magee, Robert V. Collins,
Michael R. Fuchs, and Frank G. Mesich. Dec 78,163p
RAD-78-216-137-09, EPA/908/4-78/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3702
This report describes the results of a sampling and
chemical analysis study of emissions from two coal-
fired steam plants equipped with electrostatic precipi-
tators for paniculate control. The program objective
was to define both emission and enrichment of trace
elements in the flue gas exiting electrostatic precipita-
tors operated at different process temperatures. Fly
ash collected from the stack using cyclones and cas-
cade impactors was analyzed to define trace element
concentration of individual size fractions. Trace ele-
ment enrichment of ash fractions was compared with
an enrichment model to define the dependence of en-
richment on particle size. Samples of the feed coal at
each station were subjected to density separation to
determine the association of each element with miner-
al (ash) and organic (ash-free) phases of the coal. The
15 elements included in the coal and ash studies are:
Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Calcium, Chromium,
Copper, Fluorine, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel,
Selenium, Titanium, Uranium, and Zinc.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Fly ash, 'Trace ele-
ments, 'Coal, 'Particles, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Electrostatic precipitators, Particle size distribu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Arsenic,
Beryllium, Cadmium, Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Flu-
orine, Lead(Metal), Manganese,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Sampling, Field tests, Cyclones,
Mercury(Metal), Nickel, Selenium, Titanium, Uranium,
Zinc, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution detection,
'Air pollution sampling, Cascade impactors.
PB-295 048/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research m-
angle Park, NC. ^
Survey of Biological Treatment In the Iron am
Steel Industry. Final rept. Aug 77-Jan 78,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, !L. n/
D. F. Finn, and J. D. Stockham. Jan 79, 28p EPA/600/
2-79/010
Contract EPA-68-02-261 7
The report gives results of a survey of current use*,°
biological treatment methods for U.S. iron and steei in
dustry wastewater. It includes identification and oner
acterlzation, on a pollutant component basis, °',wa,°2
streams receiving treatment; capabilities of biolofli»"
treatment; advantages and disadvantages of vanou»
biological systems; nitrification and denttrificaton; cur
rent utilization of biological treatment by the ind"s'trZ:
and possible alternatives to current biological mein
ods. The coke plant, particularly its waste •/nn™£5
liquor, is the major wastewater source for b'olo«^.
treatment. The liquor contains phenol, ammonia, oy»
nide, thiocyanate, carbonate, sulfide, oil, suspenpeo
solids, and dissolved solids. Biological treatment w
wastewater can remove 99% of Its phenolic consnw
ents. Adjusting operational parameters, including i"
creasing retention time, Increases removal of a rnrnu-
nia, cyanide, and thiocyanate. Ammonia reduction e*
ceeding 90% Is achievable in nitrification and denim"
cation units; however, biological systems are suscep"-
ble to upsets due to fluctuations in temperature w
waste loading. Current use of biological treatment »
limited, with interest centered on phenol remova '•*~*'L
studies have shown some physical /chemical metnoo
to be competitive with biological treatment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Iron
dustry, Industrial waste treatment, Substitutes, Nlin»
cation, Denitrification, Coking, Oxidation, Source*
Performance evaluation, 'Biological industrial was'0
treatment.
PB-295 052/5 PC A04/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. j
Process Water Quality Requirements for Iron a"0
Steel Making. Final rept. Aug 77-Jan 78,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
S. Bhattacharyya. Jan 79, 75p EPA/600/2-79/003
Contract EPA-68-02-261 7
The report gives results of a study to: develop .
lion on minimum water quality requirements tor trie <*
ferent unit processes in iron and steel making; we«™g
data gaps; and recommend research efforts to oo ta"
the required information. The study utilized plant vnn*
literature, the American Iron and Steel Institute, equip:
ment manufacturers, water chemical suppliers, Wr
consultants. Typical steel plants do not allocate W8J°'
on the basis of individual processes or recycle w aw
from each process on separate circuits: most do no
even record volume or analyze water to individual uni
operations. Water is usually distributed to clusters w
processing units. Higher quality water is Infrequenw
used for lower quality applications in a casoW™*
manner. In some plants, recycling exceeding 98 P«"
cent is practiced without significant equipment or pro"'
uct quality problems. When equipment problems aris^
the present water control technology can usually so™*
them. Modern equipment is rugged in design and I auw
to accommodate significant water impurities with mr
help of chemical controls. Insufficient information »
available on the effect of water quality on product qu»"
ity. Water recycling and reuse problems are in''"18;.;,;,
related to steel plant waste recycling and air poHutw"
problems. One of the research recommendations »
basic data generation on flow and water analysis.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water poll"**!
control, Technology, Water reclamation, Industrw1
waste treatment, Equipment, Performance evaluation'
Process charting, 'Water quality.
658 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PCA04/MFA01
H*?"h Conilderatlons of Carbon-14 DIs-
.
fowler, R. U. Clark, J. M. Gruhlke, and J. L.
l. JU| 76i 64p QHP/TAD-76/3
hUESP*' includes estimates of carbon-14 production
ioii» s and analyses of carbon-14 behavior in var-
n..ste treatment systems at both reactors and
ni tuel reprocessing plants. Environmental trans-
models and carbon-14 dosimetric models are
•Mm J?*18**1 to ascertain some probably errors in
SmnS 9 the '""Pact of carbon-14 on man and the en-
an 0 i ' ~° *>* extent possible, this report provides
mno, r'y818 of current findings and proiects what work
cniwL , P^ormed to provide answers to questions
souS? ? the need for tne control of nuclear power
urces of this environmental contaminant.
'Carbon 14, 'Nuclear power plants, Public
Estimates, Electric power plants, Analyzing,
" Production, Models, Waste treatment, Water
actors, Radioactive waste processing, Radi-
°°|age, Mathematical models, 'Environmental
*, Biological effects, Fuel reprocessing plants,
"ve effluents, Environmental transport,
computer program.
Enti? 056/8 pc A04/MF A01
ar«Z Smental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
terfio.1 "i Nc- Emissions Measurement and Charac-
"rization Div.
CjJuWon of Paniculate Mass Monitors Using the
pT? ««uge Technique. Final rept. Jun 73-Feb 75,
*K% D,ata Labs- Ltd, Elmhurst, IL.
<*>ntr tfj11*80"- APf 79' 73P EPA/600/2-79/073
dallt!51 ""Sty was conducted to evaluate two commer-
Partlr i a l>eta 9au9e instruments for measuring
9mu»i mass concentrations in stationary source
Damn £?' Performance of the instruments was com-
H""p with a manual method of measurement at a fer-
B rlotary-kiln calciner, at a slurry cement kiln with an
TiaS. tetic Precipitator, and at an oil-fired boiler.
tabiioh i e conducted over a 168-hour period to es-
JJ™«n instrument accuracy, calibration error, drift and
-""em reliability. Descriptions of the instruments, test
dM?»a?8 and test sites are presented together with a
""'""I summary of the experimental data. The accu-
n
Son i ^P""8^ measuring the paniculate concentra-
iSLhl "e stack- nor of operating continuously for a
o-r period. In the case of the cement Kiln, the
itaim concentration measured by the beta gauge in-
min^?1?8 correlated well with the concentration deter-
-
from the filter catch portion of the manual
jemod, but not with the fiber plus probe catch. Parti-
a» hi BP°sltfon in the probe of the beta instruments was
"W as 86% (average) for the cement plant emis-
"Monitors, 'Particles, 'Beta particles,
', Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Per-
r|alria.nca evaluation. Sites, Design criteria, Calibrating,
•wa tests, Sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Station-
"V sources, *Air polTution sampling.
Si*9' 100/2 PC A07/MF A01
rwnmary of Radioactivity Released In Effluents
rjS? Muctear Power Plant* from 1973 thru 1976,
nj^l of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
J. to*nr. r».,,,,-S| flnd Jamw Gruh|ke Nov 77 ,29p
0191.
rartu -S?e second in a series of annual summaries of
^•"oactlve waste being released from, or shipped off-
^PV, nuclear power plants in the United States. The
ran0" provides a consolidated source of data. This
oiirSr cpvars only those long lived isotopes which are
£2?""y Ceased in sufficient quantities to be envi-
i^J^ntally significant over extended periods of time
10 me biosphere.
Is: 'Nuclear power plants, Radioactive
Boiling water reactors, Pressurized water re-
actors, Radioactive isotopes, Tables(Data), 'Radioac-
tive effluents, Years living radioisotopes.
PB-295 108/5 CP T02
CICIS Chemical Inventory Information Tape. Data
file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Robert April, and Chris Hawey. May 79, mag tape*
EPA/DF-79/005
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Character set
restricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
This tape is a computer readable version of the Toxic
Initial Inventory. For a complete understanding of the
data contained on this tape it is necessary to read the
introductory material in the hardcopy version. This de-
scription will only touch on a few important points. The
inventory lists approximately 45,000 chemical sub-
stances in commerce in the United States. It is not a
list of toxic chemicals; toxicity was not a criterion used
in compiling the list. The tape consists of two major
sections. The first section is the inventory, and is a list-
ing of each substance with its CAS Registry Number,
preferred name, and molecular formula where appro-
priate. The second section is an index to the first by
synonymous names. Because of possible ambiguities
in synonyms, this section must not be confused with
the inventory itself. The presence of a name for a sub-
stance on this second section is not a guarantee that
this substance is on the inventory. Reference to the
first section is always necessary.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Inven-
tories, Molecular structure, Magnetic tapes.
PB-295 126/7 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Quality Modeling for the 208 Designated
Planning Areas. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
May 77,213p
Prepared by Texas Water Quality Board, Austin. Ad-
ministrative Operations Div. See also PB-295 127.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
The report covers (a) the improvement of steady-state
mathematical models of stream water quality for Hous-
ton '208' area, addressing each segment individually
and (b) stormwater models to predict BOD/DO and
coliform concentrations in-stream during periods of un-
steady flow in the streams of each designated seg-
ment. Inclusive within each study area are: (1) a gener-
al description of the study area along with past and
present water quality conditions, (2) summarization of
waste dischargers, (3) the choice of model and signifi-
cant physical and chemical parameters, (4) results of
model calibration/verification attempts, (5) analysis to
determine sensitivity of model parameters, and (6)
actual use of the model.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water quality, Math-
ematical models. Management planning, Water pollu-
tion, Local government, Regional planning, Counties,
Municipalities, Nitrogen cycle, Coliform bacteria,
Spring Creek, Lake Houston, Stream pollution, Surface
water runoff, Environmental impacts, State govern-
ment, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
*Houston(Texas), 'Water pollution control, QUAL 2
model, Sensitivity analysis.
PB-295 127/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Broad Management Options. AreawTde Waste
Treatment Management Plan for the Greater
Houston Area (Section 208, P.L. 92-500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Nov 77,29p
Prepared by Young (Arthur) and Co./Team Four, Inc.,
Houston, TX. Sponsored in part by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. See also PB-295
126, and PB-295 128. Revision of report dated July
1977.
This is a follow up to previous reports prepared for the
management portion of the '208' project, specifically
the Management Assessment, July 1977 report. Build-
ing upon those earlier steps, this report describes the
present management framework and the develops
four (4) optional management system types, which are:
(1) State-Centered Approach; (2) Regionalized
System; (3) Watershed System; and (4) Coordinated
Public System.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning, Counties, Municipalities, Coordina-
tion, Watersheds, Environmental impacts, State gov-
ernment, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
*Houston(Texas), 'Water pollution control, Federal
agencies, State agencies.
PB-295 128/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Current Wastewater Management. Areawlde
Waate Treatment Management Plan for the Great-
er Houston Area (Section 208, P.L. 92-500). Final
rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Nov 77,128p
Prepared by Young (Arthur) and Co./Team Four, Inc.,
Houston, TX. Sponsored in part by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. See alsp PB-295
127, and PB-295 129. Revision of report dated May
1977.
As required by Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500),
Houston-Galveston Area Council has been designated
by the Governor of the State of Texas as the planning
agency to develop a comprehensive areawide waste
treatment management plan for the greater Houston
area. Data in this catalog was obtained through a
series of interviews with selected local entities as well
as a number of State, regional, and federal agencies.
Basic managerial, institutional, and regulatory data
were collected using a standard interview guide. Two
versions of this guide were used; one for state and fed-
eral agencies, and the other for regional, county, mu-
nicipal, and local districts in the H-GAC designated
area. The report presents data according to geographi-
cal jurisdiction: federal, state, regional, municipal,
county and water district. Within each level of agency,
the discussion of individual agencies is organized as to
agency role, organization and responsibilities and spe-
cific programs.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning, Counties, Municipalities, Systems
management, Environmental impacts, State govern-
ment, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
*Houston(Texas), 'Water pollution control, Federal
agencies, State agencies.
PB-295 129/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Management Assessment. Areawlde Waste Treat-
ment Management Plan for the Greater Houston
Area (Section 208, P.L. 92-500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Nov 77,90p
Prepared by Young (Arthur) and Co./Team Four, Inc.,
Houston, TX. Sponsored in part by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. See also PB-295128
and PB-295120. Revision of report dated July 1977.
The specific purpose of this report is to identify current
and future capabilities, authorities, and limitations re-
garding the performance of required wastewater man-
agement functions as defined in Section 208 of P.L.
92-500. These functions are grouped in 10 categories
for purposes of analysis. Past performance and capa-
bility of various agencies in performing these functions
were investigated using 5 criteria. Chapter VI summa-
rizes the results of an attitude survey and interviews
with key personnel involved in the Houston Area 208
process.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning. Counties, Municipalities, Environ-
mental impacts, State government, Industrial waste
treatment, Texas, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, *Houston(Texas), 'Water pollu-
tion control, Federal agencies, State agencies.
PB-295 130/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
December 1983 659
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alternative Management Systems. Areawlde
Waste Treatment Management Plan for the Great-
er Houston Area (Section 208, P.L. 92-500). Final
rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Nov77,35p
Prepared by Young (Arthur) and Co./Team Four, Inc.,
Houston, TX. Sponsored in part by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. See also PB-295
129, and PB-295 131.
This document is a continuing effort to develop and
evaluate alternative management systems which will
meet the needs of the FWPCAA, Section 208 project.
Current Wastewater Management, May 1977, de-
scribes existing agencies; the Management Assess-
ment, June 1977, assesses the current and future ca-
pabilities, authorities and limitations of the various
agencies; and the Broad Management Options, July
1977, describes major approaches to meeting the
management requirements. The ten functional areas
of management (as defined by the Management As-
sessment report, July 1977) have been reduced to five
because certain functional areas are compatible with
one another and could be performed by a single
agency. They are: (1) Regulatory and Compliance
Functions; (2) Wastewater Treatment; (3) Water Qual-
ity Planning; (4) Management and Coordination; (5)
Nonpoint Source Permitting and Regulation.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning, Counties, Municipalities, Systems
management, Environmental impacts, State govern-
ment, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
'Houstonfjexas), 'Water pollution control, Federal
agencies, State agencies.
PB-29S 131/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Non-Structural Control Strategies for Nonpoint
Sources of Water Pollution (Supplemental
Report). Areawlde Waste Treatment Management
Plan for the Greater Houston Area (Section 20S,
P.L. 92-500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Sep 77,42p
Prepared by Blackburn (James B.), Jr., Houston, TX.,
and Rowe (Peter G.), Houston, TX. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
See also PB-295 130, and PB-295 132.
The report is supplement to document Control Strate-
gies, Costs and Impacts for Nonpoint Sources - July
1977. The nonstructural alternatives are those that are
primarily implemented through governmental regula-
tion of, or influence upon, land development activity.
The various aspects explored to control nonpoint
sources of pollution are: (1) controls over location of
land development, (2) controls over form of land devel-
opment, and (3) the coupling of control influencing
both form and location. Due to the uniqueness of agri-
cultural nonpoint source pollution, these controls are
treated separately. Finally, the report concludes with
discussion of E.P.A.'s general permit program and its
reliance on nonstructural controls as part of expanded
NPDES permitting process.
Keywords: * Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning, Counties, Municipalities, Systems
engineering, Land development, Environmental im-
pacts, State government, Industrial waste treatment,
Texas, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972, 'Houstonfjexas), 'Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment plants, Nonpoint sources.
PB-295 132/5 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Alternative Technical Subplans. Areawlde Waste
Treatment Plan for the Greater Houston Area
(Section 208, P.L. 92-500). Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Dec77,406p
Prepared by Weston (Roy F.), Inc., Houston, TX. Spon-
sored In part by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. See also PB-295131.
In order to estimate costs and other characteristics of
sewer collection and treatment systems, it is neces-
sary to make estimates of future service areas, treat-
ment plant locations, lift stations and trunk line layouts.
These locations and configurations are estimated for
preliminary planning purposes and should be consid-
ered as approximate rather than specific. The objec-
tives are to develop, evaluate, and recommend alter-
native technical methods for achieving water quality
criteria during critical stream conditions. The costs as-
sociated with the control strategies are defined in
order to allow for a comparison of the alternatives. In
order to obtain the final technical plan most beneficial
to the 208 Planning Area, alternatives are developed
for both the dry weather and wet weather critical condi-
tions. Dry weather alternatives are based on three re-
gionalization concepts for municipal point source was-
teloads. The three regionalization concepts are then
developed along various treatment themes for control-
ling wasteloads to the stream; e.g. increasing treat-
ment efficiency, removal of wasteloads through trans-
port or land application techniques. Information is pre-
sented first in a Methodology chapter which includes
the basic assumptions and analyses utilized through-
out the subplan are presented for four hydrologically
defined areas; (1) Spring Creek/Cypress Creek/Lake
Houston; (2) Clear Creek/Clear Lake, including
Armand Bayou and Dickinson Bayou; (3) Houston Ship
Channel and tributaries to confluence with the San Ja-
cinto River; and (4) Lower San Jacinto River and Hous-
ton Ship Channel below confluence with the San Ja-
cinto River. Each subplan is evaluated for its major im-
pacts including cost, energy utilization, land utilization,
and environmental effects. Additionally, its reliability
and sensitivity are evaluated.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Local government,
Regional planning, Counties, Municipalities, Systems
management, San Jacinto River, Spring Creek, Clear
Lake, Lake Houston, Environmental impacts, State
government, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Feder-
al Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
*Houston(Texas), 'Water pollution control, Federal
agencies, State agencies.
PB-295 133/3 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
lines In the State of Wisconsin. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
Mar 79,542p EPA/905/5-78/004
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in Wisconsin. The study is to be used
primarily to assist EPA and Wisconsin. The economic
impact was assessed for the following 15 RACT indus-
trial categories: surface coatings (cans, coils, paper,
fabrics, automobiles and light duty trucks, metal furni-
ture, insulation of magnet wire, large appliances); sol-
vent metal cleaning; bulk gasoline terminals; refinery
systems; bulk gasoline plants; storage of petroleum
liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispensing sta-
tions-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The scope
of this project was to determine the costs and direct
impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limitations
for these 15 industry categories in Wisconsin. Direct
economic costs and benefits from the implementation
of RACT limitations were identified and quantified
while secondary impacts (social, energy, employment,
etc.) are addressed, they were not a major emphasis in
the study.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Standards, 'Wiscon-
sin, Guidelines, State government, Air pollution, As-
sessments, Industrial wastes, Coatings, Metal clean-
ing, Refineries, Gasoline, Storage tanks, Benefit cost
analysis, Textile industry. Paper Industry, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Reasonably available control technology,
Stationary sources, Service stations, Fugitive emis-
sions.
PB-295 180/4
PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Areawlde Waste Treatment Management Plan for
the Greater Houston Area (Section 208, PL 92-
500): Implementation Requirements. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Aug78,257p
Revision of report dated Apr 78. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Prepared by Weston (Roy F.), Inc., Houston, TX.
The objective of the plan is to develop a detailed pres-
entation of major actions which must be taken to bring
about implementation of the technical recommenda-
tions of the Areawide Waste Treatment Managem""'
Plan (pursuant to Section 208, P.L. 92-500) for trie
Greater Houston Area. The report identifies the aesiy
nated management agency(ies) recommended as pa
of the management plan, required to initiate the_maju
actions and monitor their progress. The report pi
vides step-by-step procedures to be followed m oraw
to (1) convert the existing recommendations Mtoreaa
ty, (2) to guide plan-update studies, and (3) to mcon/"
rate update activities into new or revised plan recom
mendations.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Citizen parnc F»
e™
tion, Environmental impacts, Lake Houston,
Lake, San Jacinto River, Local government, Inc
waste treatment, Texas, Federal Water Pollution oon
trol Act Amendments of 1972, *Houston(Texasj,
'Water pollution control, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-295 181/2 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, uu
Areawlde Waste Treatment Management Plan I°'_
the Greater Houston Area (Section 208, Pi- »'
500): Environmental Assessment. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
17Apr78,288p
Revision of report dated Mar 78. Sponsored in |
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Prepared by Veltman (James) and Associates, •••-
Houston, TX., and Camp, Dresser and McKee, mo-
Houston, TX.
The purpose of the report is to provide an environmen-
tal assessment of the 208 Waste Treatment Manage
ment Plan conducted by the Houston-Galveston w°"
Council. The designated planning area covered by_'"
Greater Houston Area 208 Plan includes all of rW"L
County and portions of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Galvestoii.
Montgomery and Waller Counties. This r0P°Z*Z.
sesses the impacts of implementing the Greater n°"»
ton Area 208 Plan, and also the impacts of not imp'0
menting the 208 Plan.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan;
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Citizen panic H»
tion, Environmental impacts, Lake Houston, u'°°
Lake, Public health, San Jacinto River, Local go»°>'
ment, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, Feae^
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
•HoustonfTexas), 'Water pollution control,
County (Texas).
PB-295 182/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, UN-". r
Areawlde Waste Treatment Management Plan '"'_
the Greater Houston Area (Section 208, PL "
500): Population and Land Use. Final rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Dec77,52p tion
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protecw"
Agency, Washington, DC., Department of Transport"
tion, Washington, DC., and Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Washington, DC.Portions o
this document are not fully legible.
The report presents population and land use P[°i?5
tions prepared for the Areawide Waste Treatrrw"
Management Plan for the Greater Houston Area P"',
suant to P.L. 92-500. Section 208. The population aiw
land use projections in this report represent a Pre ,,h
estimate of probable future conditions, and as sut
must be continually monitored and updated to retiw;
actual development and changes in growth patten'•
The study area, as designated by the Governor tor n»
program, includes all of Harris County and parts or i'»
adjacent counties including Brazoria, Fort B8n '
Waller, Galveston and Montgomery Counties.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management pjj.
ning, Populations, Land use, Water quality, Water pt»
lution, Citizen participation, Environmental im
Lake Houston, Clear Lake, San Jacinto River.
government, Industrial waste treatment, Texas, .
al Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of i^vS
'HoustonfTexas), 'Water pollution control, Sew«£
treatment plants, Harris CountyfTexas), Brazo"!
CountyfTexas), Fort BendfTexas), *
660 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the
™
. Montgom-
PC A03/MF A01
mal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
waste Treatment Management Plan for
Area: Hearing Draft Sum-
:il, TX.
?A7 ln part b-X Environmental Protection
, Washington, DC.
menS?,011 sumrr|arizes the recommendations, imple-
thsTI. "requirements and impact assessment for
the r™ f"d?,Waste Treatment Management Plan for
the S« I Houston Area. The plan was prepared by
siona nf Q n" emphasizing not only what needs to
piishSn8 but also now and when it is to be accom-
loca il,and who will be responsible, (3) developing
DaWn-Tvi™0"8 to too' problems, and (4 public parties
oSrl throughout development. Since the 208 Pro-
? ""-going effort, new and better information
1Z8d- '" the meantime, the results of the initial
serve as a base for making informed deci-
concerning water quality.
nln!-' 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
Bon ' B ater quality' Water Pollution, Citizen participa-
Laks 7nvironmental impacts, Lake Houston, Clear
W»««l» Jacinto River, Local government, Industrial
try '* treatment, Texas, Federal Water Pollution Con-
irt« Amendments of 1972, *Houston(Texas),
«r pollution control, Sewage treatment plants.
185/3 PC A04/MF A01
ntal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Waste Treatment Management Plan for
. Bter Houston Area (Section 208, PL 92-
. B
^ Public Participation Summary. Final rept.
ton-Qalveston Area Council, TX.
in part by Environmental Protection
Washington, DC.
summarizes the public participation pro-
loped and implemented by the Houston-
Area Council (H-GAC) to embrace the
Am2Lof the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
lon« dmarrts of 1972 (FWPCA). The H-GAC was des-
K'ated as the planning agency responsible for
Q^de Waste Treatment Management Plans for the
"*ter Houston Area pursuant to Section 208 of the
FWPCA. The authors of the FWPCA realized that in
order to ensure successful planning for and implemen-
tation of the objectives of the Clean Water Act, public
participation must be an integral part of the planning
and decision-making process. The Public Participation
Program for the Greater Houston Area 208 Plan uti-
lizes Federal documents describing requirements and
methods for public participation and also extends into
other areas of distribution, citizen education, involve-
ment and plan review. The report describes the Public
Participation Program developed and implemented for
the Greater Houston Area 208 Plan.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Citizen participa-
tion. Environmental impacts, Lake Houston, Clear
Lake, San Jacinto River, Local government, Industrial
waste treatment, Texas, Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act Amendments of 1972, *Houston(Texas),
•Water pollution control, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-295 186/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Areawlde Waate Treatment Management Plan for
the Greater Houston Area (Section 208, PL 92-
500): Proposed Treatment Works Management
Agencies. Supplemental rept.
Houston-Galveston Area Council, TX.
Aug 78,46p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
An initial 208 Plan (Areawide Waste Treatment Man-
agement Plan) for the Greater Houston Area was de-
veloped by the Houston-Galveston Area Council and
submitted to the State for certification on April 12,
1978. The report, entitled Implementation Require-
ments, presented the recommended technical and
management approaches to meeting national clean
water goals for the designated planning area. The pur-
pose of this report is to supplement the 'Implementa-
tion Requirements' report by the recommendation of
specific agencies to be responsible for constructing,
operating and maintaining waste treatment facilities.
This report also presents annualized construction
needs for the period 1980-1983.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Water pollution, Citizen participa-
tion, Environmental impacts, Lake Houston, Clear
Lake, San Jacinto River, Local government, Industrial
waste treatment, Texas, Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act Amendments of 1972, *Houston(Texas),
'Water pollution control, Sewage treatment plants.
PB-295 211/7 PCA13/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reactor Test Project for Chemical Removal of
Pyrltlc Sulfur from Coal. Volume I. Final Report.
Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. A. Meyers, M. J. Santy, W. D. Hart, L. C.
McClanathan, and R. A. Orsini. Jan 79,277p EPA/
600/7-79/013A
Contract EPA-68-02-1880
See also Volume 2, PB-295 212.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the initial
performance of the Reactor Test Unit (RTU) for chemi-
cal removal of pyritlc sulfur from an Appalachian coal.
Operation of the plant-from its checkout and shake-
down in September 1977 through January 1978-dem-
onstrated that the RTU could be run continuously in
three-shift operation to reduce the coal from 2.4 Ib
SO2/miltion Btu to a level of 1.0 Ib SOS/million Btu,
after rinsing and extraction of generated elemental
sulfur. There was no measurable coal oxidation during
processing and leach rates in the plant were greatly
improved over bench-scale values. The leach solu-
tion/coal/oxygen environment was found to be corro-
sive to the installed stainless steel reactor, necessitat-
ing future upgrading to support additional testing.
Bench-scale experiments showed that the leach solu-
tion can be used as a homogeneous dense-media to
efficiently gravity-separate coal prior to processing.
Beneficial engineering cost improvements are ob-
tained based on using this approach, resulting in capi-
tal cost estimates of s68-69/kW and with sO.44-0.50/
million Btu processing costs, including amortization of
capital, for Input coal costing sO.78-0.81/million Btu.
Overall energy efficiency was 93-96%.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, 'Chemical cleaning, De-
sulfurization. Air pollution, Capitalized costs, Cost anal-
ysis, Process charting, Equipment, Design criteria,
Chemical reactors, Construction materials, Corrosion,
Pyrite, *Air pollution abatement.
PB-295 212/5 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reactor Test Project tor Chemical Removal of
Pyrltlc Sulfur from Coal. Volume M. Appendices.
Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. A. Meyers, M. J. Santy, L. C. McClanathan, and R.
A. Orsini. Jan 79,117p EPA/600/7-79/013B
Contract EPA-68-02-1880
See also Volume 1, PB-295 211.
Contents:
Computer programs utilized during RTU data
reduction;
Computer program for converting doric magnetic
tapes to an engineering format;
Computer program for tabulating doric data in the
abbreviated format;
Computer program for plotting doric data;
Computer program for computing averages and
standard deviations of doric data channels;
Computer program for T-2 and R-1 material
balances;
Typical computer program for evaluation of RTU
kinetics;
Computer program for reducing control laboratory
analytical data;
Computer program for revision of analytical data
files;
Computer program for plotting analytical data;
RTU procedures;
Design case details.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Chemical cleaning,
Computer programs, Tables(Data), Chemical reactors,
Desulfurization, Pyrite, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-295 214/1 PCA05/MFA01
A Survey of the Available Methods of Solidifica-
tion for Radioactive Wastes,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
William F. Holcomb. Nov78, 99p* ORP/TAD-78/2
This report reviews the numerous solidification tech-
niques and related matrix materials that are presently
being offered or proposed for incorporating the radlon-
uclides into an immobile materials. Both high- and low-
level waste solidification processes are covered. Key
features of the equipment used in individual solidifica-
tion processes are described. At present the high-level
waste solidification methods are being developed by
the Government, while the low-level waste solidifica-
tion methods are being developed commercially.
Keywords: 'Radioactive waste processing, Solidifica-
tion, Radioactive wastes, Roasting, Cements, Glass,
Bitumens, Polymers, High level radioactive wastes,
Low level radioactive wastes.
PB-295 225-SET PC E19
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
tlculate Control Technology.
Denver Research Inst, CO.
Feb79,1936p-in4v
Set includes PB-295 226 thru PB-295 229.
No abstract available.
PB-295 226/5 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
tlculate Control Technology: Volume 1. Electro-
static Preclpltators. Rept. for Oct 77-Oct 78,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Feb79, 524p* EPA/600/7-79/044A
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 2, PB-295 226.
December 1983 661
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-295 225-
SET.
The three major categories of control technologies-
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were of major concern during the Symposium.
These technologies were discussecffrom the perspec-
tives of economics; new technical advances in science
and engineering; and applications. Several papers
dealt with combinations of devices and technologies,
leading to a concept of using a systems approach to
paniculate control, rather than device control. Volume
one discusses the following topics: Electrostatic preci-
pitators (ESP's) for coal fired boilers; Flue gas condi-
tioning for ESP's; Novel electrostatic precipitators;
Fundamentals-electrical and particle characteristics;
Industrial applications of ESP's.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electrostatic precipi-
tators, "Particles, 'Meetings, Technology. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Fly ash, Performance
evaluation, Coking, Paper Industry, Mathematical
models, Dust collectors, Pyrolysis, Flue gases,
Precipitation(Chemlstry), Cost analysis, Sulfur dioxide,
Boilers, Fugitive emissions.
PB-295 227/3 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology: Volume 2. Fabric Fil-
ter* and Current Trend* In Control Equipment.
Rept. for Oct 77-Oct 78,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Feb 79,422p* EPA/600/7-79/044B
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 1, PB-295 226 and Volume 3, PB-295
228.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-295 225-
The three major categories of control technologies-
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were of major concern during the Symposium.
These technologies were discussed from the perspec-
tives of economics; new technical advances in science
and engineering; and applications. Several papers
dealt with combinations of devices and technologies,
leading to a concept of using a systems approach to
paniculate control, rather than device control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Particles,
'Meetings, Trends, Technology, Performance evalua-
tion, Assessments, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Electric power plants, Design criteria, Flue
gases, Electrostatics, Filtration, Boilers, Comparison,
Cost analysis, Dust collectors, Standards, 'Fabric fil-
ters, Glass filters, Baghouse, Best technology.
PB-295 228/1 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology: Volume 3. Scrub-
ber*, Advanced Technology, and HTP Applica-
tion*. Rept. for Oct 77-Oct 78,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Feb 79,500p* EPA/600/7-79/044C
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 2, PB-295 227 and Volume 4, PB-295
229.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-295 225-
The three major categories of control technologies-
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were of major concern during the Symposium.
These technologies were discussed f rom the perspec-
tives of economics; new technical advances In science
and engineering; and applications. Several papers
dealt with combinations of devices and technologies,
leading to a concept of using a systems approach to
paniculate control, rather than device control. This
volume covers scrubbers, advanced technology, and
high temperature high pressure applications.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Meetings, High temperature tests, Industrial
waste*, Separator*, Slurries, Technology, Sulfur diox-
ide, Filtration, Agglomeration, Surfaces, Flue gases,
Mathematical models. Coking, Absorbers(Materlals),
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Fines, Elec-
trostatics, Aerosols, Electric fields, Acoustic fields,
Separation, Cyclones, Failure analysis, High pressure
tests, Fluidized bed processors, Fabric filters, Mist
eliminators, Venturi scrubbers, Granular bed filters.
PB-295 229/9 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
tlculate Control Technology: Volume 4. Fugitive
Dust* and Sampling, Analyst* and Characteriza-
tion of Aerosol*. Rept. for Oct 77-Oct 78,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Feb 79,490p* EPA/600/7-79/044D
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 3, PB-295 228.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB-295 225-
The three major categories of control technologies--
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were of major concern during the Symposium.
These technologies were discussed from the perspec-
tives of economics; new technical advances in science
and engineering; and applications. Several papers
dealt with combinations of devices and technologies,
leading to a concept of using a systems approach to
participate control, rather than device control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gas analysis, 'Sam-
pling, 'Aerosols, 'Meetings, Particle size, Dust, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Chemical analysis,
Fly ash, Visibility, Electrostatics, Particles,
Wind(Meteorology), Sources, Sulfur, Electric power
plants, Plumes, Laboratory animals, Manganese, As-
sessments, Bloassay, Toxicity, Sulfurlc acid, Reaction
kinetics, Mathematical models, Condensation, Coagu-
lation, Chemisorption, Stability, Drops(Liquids), Sedi-
mentation, Optical measuring instruments, High pres-
sure tests, High temperature tests, Laboratory equip-
ment, Optical radar, Aerial surveys, Boilers, Trace ele-
ments, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution detection, Cascade impactors, Coal fired
power plants.
PB-295 321/4 PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Radium Removal Efficiencies In
Water Treatment Processes. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
William L. Brinck, R. J. Schliekelman, Dorothy L.
Bennett, Charles R. Bell, and Ira M. Markwood. Dec
76,27p ORP/TAD-76/5
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Dept. of Environ-
mental Quality, Des Moines.
Numerous well-water supplies for public water sys-
tems contain naturally occurring radium-226. Methods
for removing radium from drinking water are needed so
that drinking water treatment plants may meet the limit
set in the EPA drinking water regulations for radium In
drinking water. Studies were performed by State agen-
cies at 14 cities in Iowa and Illinois to determine the
radium removal efficiency of four water treatment
processes. Populations served by the water treatment
plants ranged from 235 to 25,000. The radium-226
concentration in the raw water was greater than 5 pCi/
liter at 13 of the supplies and ranged from 3 to 49 pCi/
liter. Radium removal efficiencies at plants using re-
verse osmosis and sodium ion-exchange processes
were generally about 92%. A much wider range of re-
moval efficiencies, 75% to 95%, was found at plants
using the lime-soda ash softening process with the re-
moval varying with process pH. Plants using iron re-
moval processes only were found to have radium re-
movals ranging from 11 % to 53%.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Radium, Potable water,
Performance evaluation, Reverse osmosis, Ion ex-
changing, Lime-soda ash process, Natural radioactiv-
ity, Pilot plants, Water softening, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), pH, Iron, Manganese,
•Radium 226.
PB-295 332/1 PC A03/MF A01
Existing and Propo**d Surface and Undergoing
Coal Mine* Region VIII Summary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
of Energy Activities.
Dan B. Klmball. Feb 79,44p EPA/908/4-79/001
Coal mining is expected to increase three-fold be
tween 1978 and about 1985 in the EPA Region v "
States (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Souin
Dakota, Utah and Wyoming). This report pro- "
tailed information on existing, proposed, and
live mines, the information includes, location,
operator, quantify of coal mined, and type of mine.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, Catalogs(Publications), Colo-
rado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, Proauu
tion.
PB-295 339/6 PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of the Requested Alternate
mometer Power Absorption for the Ford r
Technical rept., . ..i
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, »••
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Mar 78,17p LDTP-78-07
Concern about the EPA fuel economy measurements
has focused greater attention on the dynarnorneio
and the dynamometer adjustment. Specifically tnew
ternate procedures for determining the dynarnorne"
power absorption to simulate the vehicle road expen
ence affords an opportunity for both greater precw10"
and possible abuse. Because of the possibility tor
abuse it was decided to occasionally check the app'«
priateness of the alternate dynamometer Power.fhe
sorptions requested by vehicle manufacturers. "»
question of the representativeness of the re5u.?aSa
dynamometer power absorption for the Ford nes»
was first raised during the summer of 1977. This repo"
collects and summarizes the pertinent available aw"
which have been generated by the EPA Emission oon
trol Technology Division, the EPA Certification w«
sion, and by Ford Motor Company.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Dynamometers, o
measurement, Fuel consumption, Exhaust emission •
Air pollution, Measuring instruments, Calibration, rt»f
Fiesta automobiles, Ford vehicles, Motor vein
cles(1 978 models), Power absorption.
PB-295 340/4 PC A03/MF AOl
Investigation of the Requested Alternate Dyn*
mometer Power Absorption for the Ford Mercury
Marquis. Technical rept., .i|
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Mar 78, 34p LDTP-78-06
Concern about the EPA fuel economy measurements
has focused greater attention on the dynamotrw'
and the dynamometer adjustment. Specifically tne •
ternate procedures for determining the dynarnornei
power absorption to simulate the vehicle road
and possible abuse. Because of the possibility '"
abuse it was decided to occasionally check the aPPIu.
priateness of the alternate dynamometer power <»
sorptions requested by vehicle manufacturers. ' .
question of the representativeness of the requ e=>
dynamometer power absorption for the Mercury wj»
quis was first raised during the summer of 197 ••. 'jjg
report collects and summarizes the pertinent avail aw
data which have been generated by the EPA Erniss^ _
Control Technology Division, the EPA Certification ^
vision, and by Ford Motor Company.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Dynamometers, ro«"
measurement, Fuel consumption. Exhaust emissio'j
Air pollution, Measuring instruments, Calibration, r?.
Mercury Marquis automobiles, Ford vehicles, M°
vehicles(1978 models), Power absorption.
PB-295 360/2 PC A05/MF A°1
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. ie"
nology Assessment Div. J....B-
Characterization of Selected Low-Level Raf^i.
tlve Wa*to Generated by Four Commercial Ll9n
Water Reactor*. _al1t
New York State Energy Research and Develop"18
Authority, New York.
Dec 77,78p ORP/TAD-77/3
Contract EPA-68-01-3294
Prepared In cooperation with Dames and Moore, >
Plains, NY.
An Investigation was made of the radlonucll
of light-water nuclear reactors' radioactive **?«
presently being consigned to shallow land burial- '
662 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
contracted through the New York State
for specific radionuclides including activation
fission products and transuranics. Ten waste
were obtained from two BWRs and two
words: Radioactive wastes, Radioactive isotopes,
tf wa,ter reactors, Pressurized water reactors,
arw ?[•' Low-level radioactive wastes, Fitzpatrick re-
Pnn.o ne Mile Po'nt reactor, Ginna reactor, Indian
^oint-2 reactor.
P?."S5 ?,7Z/7 PC A02/MF A01
EMmi l?n 01 Copepods for Hlstopathologlcal
l*a™n«lon«. Journal article,
Co,li?nmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
EPA/«n£; ?arsz«, and Paul P. Yevich. Jan 76, 8p
p^eOO/J-76/088
SniL '" Transactions of the American Microscopical
a««lety, v95,n1,pi 04-1 08, Jan. 76.
IfeS??8 lixat|ves and proceasing techniques were uti-
numhor !?rmlne tne best method of preparing large
flon r§2 P' copepoda for histopathological examina-
and «= Hoh 8 "xative 9ave tne west cytological detail
g was the best suited for general use.
™!8' ecology, Histology, Crustacea, Pathology,
i on' Examination, Fixatives, Reprints, 'Histo-
logy, 'Copepoda.
PoM?,HS 373/5
Journal? Phy8'olofly
Ron«?rtSef1tal'Research Lab- Narragansett, Rl.
Puh . Ei?ler- 1976' 3P EPA/600/J-76/087
CuLt J,nl' of tne Fisheries Research
Canada, v33,ne,pi 470 1976.
A02/MF A01
Marine °r9an""™»-
.'3 a book review of: Pollution and Physiol-
,anne Organisms. Edited by J. John Vernberg.
mic Press, 1974.
I?5: 'Marine biology, Physiology, Reviews, Re-
fe t er pollution effects(Animals), 'Water pollu-
t'on eff
W 374/3 PCA02/MFA01
Metals In Sediments Near Quonset
r, le Island. Journal article,
Rona?J?-ePtal Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
and 4 t, '5ler' R- L. Lapan, Jr., G. Telek, E. W. Davey,
Pub !'„ i?°Per- Nov 77- 6P EPA/600/J-77/147
" ne
Nov.
Pollut'on Bulletin, v8, nil, P260-264,
wooer • 8vels of silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium,
obsen iron' manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were
Bav n«xln sediments collected from Narragansett
TObaw Quonset Point during autumn of 1973. The
eiectrnrS source of the metals contamination was an
ODarn? °9 facility on Quonset Point, in continuous
Data n i m 194^ until il was closed in spring 1973.
°otep«IL.Cental composition of surficial sediments
by oft;6, .from various geographical locations reported
tfioM lnvestigators are presented and compared to
06 reported herein.
B«ywords: 'Metals, 'Water pollution, 'Narragansett
»-'• Sediments, Concentration(Composition),
Metal industry, Silver, Cadmium, Cobalt,
n, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel,
Prints1"™ Zinc> Rhode Island, Tables(Data), Re-
Trt"c»5u375/0 PC A02/MF A01
Tiui,". ,etal» In Liver from Blueflah, Tautog and
En3i,?n ln Relation to Body Length. Journal article,
n0n.9nr"ental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
«"-ald Bs'er, and Harold C. Mears. Sep 77,5p EPA/
i
77 B." Che*apeake Science, v18, n3, p315-318, Sep.
Kino.* pat?d 'n cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Nriaston.
.Dept. of Zoology.
duri,£lrom blueflsh, tilefish and tautog collected
*8re . 8ur"rner of 1971 off the New Jersey coast
atomi8"?^^ fpr Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, NI, and Zn by
'"io absorpti,. i spectrophotometry. Liver ash from
male and female tautog contained decreasing concen-
trations of Ni with increasing body length. Smaller
males also contained greater levels of Cr and Cu in
liver than larger tautogs. Larger tilefish contained pro-
portionately more Cd, Cu, and Fe in liver than smaller
tilefish. Decreasing levels of Mn and Zn with body
length were apparent only for females. Livers from
larger male blueflsh were associated with higher con-
centrations of Fe than those from smaller males, while
those from larger females contained lower concentra-
tions of Cr than those from smaller females. The data
suggest that future comparisons for trace metals
which vary as a function of size be made only among
fish of the same length.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Metals, 'Liver, Spectrophoto-
metry, Residues, Males, Females,
Concentration(Composition), Marine biology, Cadmi-
um, Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Zinc,
Comparison, Trace metals, Bloaccumulation, Reprints,
•Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-29S 376/8 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty Evaluation of a Complex Metal Mixture to
the Softshell Clam 'Mya arenarla'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler. 20 May 77,14p EPA/600/J-77/149
Pub. in Marine Biology 43, p265-2761977.
Adults of the softshell clam Mya arenaria were continu-
ously subjected to a flowing raw seawater solution
containing a mixture of salts of manganese, zinc, lead,
nickel, copper, and cadmium. Final calculated concen-
trations, in mlcrograms per liter of the toxicant solution
were 7200 Mn, 2500 Zn, 70 Pb, 50 Ni, 50 Cu and 1 Cd;
these concentrations approximated highest measured
levels within surficial interstitial sediment waters from
mid-Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. M. arenaria were
also subjected to a 20% solution, i.e., 1440 Mn, 500
Zn, 14 Pb, 10 Ni, 10 Cu, and 0.2 micrograms per liter
Cd. One study was conducted for 112 days in winter at
0 to 10 C and another for 16 days in summer at 16 to
22 C. In the winter study, all clams exposed to a 100%
solution died between the 4th and 10th week; soft
parts of survivors at 6 weeks contained about 19 times
more Pb, 15 x more Zn, 12 x more Cu, 10 x more Mn, 3
x more Ni and 0.1 x more Cd than controls; relatively
minor changes In whole body elemental content of Ca,
Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Sr, and V were observed. Clams ex-
posed to a 20% solution during winter survived the 112
day study; at that time these contained about 5 x more
Cu, 4 x more Mn, 3 x more Zn and about 2 x more Pb
than controls; comparatively minor changes were ob-
served in other elements examined. In the summer
study, all M. arenaria subjected to the 100% solution
died between 6 and 14 days; survivors from this group
at 7 days contained about 25 x more Pb, 13 x more Cu,
11 x more Zn, 7 x more Mn, and 3 x more Ni than con-
trols; other changes in elemental content were not as
pronounced. Mortality in the 20% group during
summer was slightly higher than controls during the 16
day study; at 14 days survivors from this group con-
tained about 12 x more Mn, 7 x more Pb, 7 x more Zn,
4 x more Cu, and 3 x more Ni than controls. Survival
and bioaccumulation patterns were not altered
through feeding a supplemental diet of algae. The sig-
nificance of these findings are discussed in terms of
potential environmental perturbations, especially local
dredging practices.
Keywords: *Clams, "Toxicplogy, *Metals, Marine biol-
ogy, Exposure, Cqncentration(Composition), Shellfish,
Mollusca, Evaluation, Manganese, Zinc, Magnesium,
Potassium, Strontium, Vanadium, Calcium, Chromium,
Iron, Lead(Metal), Nickel, Copper, Cadmium, Bio-
assay, Mortality, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Sea-
sonal variations, Temperature, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Heavy metals, Soft shell clams, Mya arenaria,
Bioaccumulation, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-295 377/6 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlcltlea of Cd2+, Cr+6, Hg2+, NI2+,
and Zn2+ to Eatuarlne Macrofauna. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler, and Raymond J. Hennekey. 18 Dec 76,
10pEPA/600/J-77/151
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 6, p316-3231977.
Static acute toxlclty bloassays were conducted at 20 C
and 20 o/oo salinity with CdCI2-2 and one half H2O,
K2CrO4, HgCI2, NICI2-6H20, and ZnCI2 using adults
of starfish, Asterlas forbesl; sandworm, Nereis vlrens;
hermit crab, Pagurus longicarpus; soflshell clam, Mya
arenaria; mudsnail, Nassarius obsoletus; and mummi-
chog, Fundulus heteroclitus, a fish. Concentrations
(mg/L metal) fatal to 50% of the organisms in 168 hr
ranged from 0.004 (clam) to 0.8 (mummichog) for mer-
cury; 0.7 (clam, worm, crab and starfish) to 40.0 (mum-
michog) for cadmium; 0.2 (crab) to 52.0 (mummichog)
for zinc; 0.7 (sandworm) to 44.0 (mummichog) for hex-
avalent chromium; and 13.0 (starfish) to 150.0 (mum-
michog) for nickel. Biocidal action was restricted to a
relatively narrow range for all species-metals combina-
tions tested: i.e., mean LC-75/LC-25 ratios for individu-
al metals at 168 hr ranged between 2.82 (Zn) and 6.02
(Cd); for individual species this ratio extended from
2.76 (fish) to 4.46 (clam). It appears that acute toxicity
evaluation of potentially hazardous metals In saline en-
vironments requires utilization of at least several repre-
sentative species from divergent taxonomic and eco-
logical niches.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Metals, Estuaries, Fishes,
Gastropoda, Bioassay, Salinity, Marine biology,
Concentration(Composition), Physiological effects,
Crustacea, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury(Metal),
Nickel, Zinc, Toxicity, Echinodermata, Worms, Anne-
lida, Crabs, 'Toxic substances, "Heavy metals, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), Nereis virens, Hermit crabs,
Pagurus longicarpus, Asterias forbesi, Mummichog,
Mya arenaria, Nassarius obsoletus, Fundulus hetero-
clitus, Starfishes, Reprints, Soft shell clams.
PB-295 378/4 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Effects of Three Crude OH* on Oysters
Suspended In Estuarlne Ponds. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Carolyn Barszcz, Paul P. Yevich, Lewis R. Brown,
James 0. Yarbrough, and C. Douglas Minchew. 17 Jan
78,18pEPA/600/J-78/108
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy, 1, p879-895 1978. Prepared in cooperation with
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State.
Gross and histological observations obtained from the
study of oysters chronically exposed to single, low
level (4 ppm) quantities of Empire Mix, Saudi Arabian,
and Nigerian crude oils in estuarine ponds indicate a
reduced intake and/or assimilation of food by the test
animals. The tissues of many of the test animals, espe-
cially from the Saudi Arabian and Nigerian oil-treated
ponds, were clear, watery, and emaciated in appear-
ance, which was not the normal condition of oysters
from the Gulf during the period of the samplings. Histo-
logically, there were serious alterations in the connec-
tive tissues associated with the body wall, mantle, and
food groove. The muscle and connective tissue fibers
in these areas of many of the surviving oysters were
swollen, translucent, homogeneous, structureless
masses. These masses most nearly resembled the
condition classically described as hyaline degener-
ation. In addition, there was a reduction in the develop-
ment of the germinal epithelial tissues, indicating re-
duced reproductive potential.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Crude oil, 'Toxicology, Chemi-
cal analysis, Exposure, Estuaries, Histology, Shellfish,
Invertebrates, Sampling, Ingestion(Biology), Food,
Tissues(Biology), Physiological effects,
Reproduction(Biolqgy), Pathology, Bioassay, Mortality,
Histopathology, *0il pollution, 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-295 379/2 PC A02/MF A01
Responses of an Estuarlne Population of the Blue
Mussel •Mytllus edulls' to Heated Water from a
Steam Generating Plant. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. G. Gonzalez, and P. Yevich. 10 Nov 75,16p EPA/
600/J-76/090
Pub. in Marine Biology 34, p177-189 1976.
An entire bed of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, con-
sisting of 5,000 indlviduals/cu.m., died during June,
1971 In the effluent canal of a steam generating plant
when the temperature Increased above 27C. Similarly,
the population in the Intake canal disappeared when
temperatures rose above 27C In August. Laboratory
studies showed that M. edulls could not tolerate con-
tinuous temperatures above 27C, and feeding stopped
shortly after the mussels were exposed to 25C. Hlsto-
pathologlcal studies Indicated that the cause of death
of this bivalve was associated with degeneration of the
frontal and laterofrontal cilia of the columnar epitheli-
um of the gill filaments. In'conjunction with this, there
was necrosis and sloughing of the epithelium of the In-
December 1983 663
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
testinal diyerticula. Extensive amoebocytic infiltration
was noted in the byssogenous cavity, gill filaments and
stomach wall.
Keywords: 'Mussels, 'Hot water heating, Steam elec-
tric power generation, Shellfish, Mollusca, Responses,
Temperature, Exposure, Histology, Pathology, Marine
biology, Mortality, Temperature,
Tolerances(Physiology), Ingestion(Biology), Reprints,
"Mytilus edulis, "Water pollution effects(Animals), His-
topathology.
PB-29S 380/0 PC A02/MF A01
Metal Survey of the Marine Clam 'Pltar morrhuana'
Collected Near a Rhode Island (USA) Electroplat-
ing Plant. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler, M. M. Barry, R. L. Lapan, Jr., G. Telek,
and E. W. Davey. 30 Sap 77, 9p EPA/600/J-78/107
Pub. in Marine Biology 45, p311 -317 1978.
Benthic fauna were collected from 17 stations in mid-
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, during September
1973 from the vicinity of the recently-closed Quonset
Point electroplating facility. Despite repeated sam-
pling, most of the 14 species of molluscs taken, includ-
ing the widgeon clam Pitar morrhuana, were absent
from stations in the immediate vicinity of plant outfalls.
In general, P. morrhuana captured near outfall sites ex-
hibited high moisture content and elevated body bur-
dens of silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper,
iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc compared to
clams of similar size from more distant stations. Ob-
served changes In metal concentrations and moisture
content of P. morrhuana were probably attributable to
plant operations during the preceding 30 years.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Claims, 'Narragansett Bay,
'Electroplating, 'Toxicology, Rhode Island, Sampling,
Mollusca, Moisture, Residues, Silver, Cadmium,
Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Reprints, Heavy metals, 'Bioaccu-
mulation, 'Pitar morrhuana, 'Toxic substances.
PB-29S 381/8 PC A02/MF A01
Qonadal and Hematopoletlc Neoplasm* In 'Mya
arenarla'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Paul P. Yevich, and Carolyn A. Barszcz. Oct 76,5p
EPA/600/J-76/089
Pub. in Marine Fisheries Review, v68, n10, p42-43, Oct
76.
Gonadal and hematopoietic neoplasms were found in
soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) which were collected
from two oil spill sites in Maine.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Neoplasms, 'Toxicology, Mol-
lusca, Shellfish, Invertebrates, Marine biology, Water
pollution, Maine. Soft shell crabs, 'Mya arenaria, Re-
prints, Gonadal disorders, 'Oil pollution, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Oil spills.
PB-295 382/6 PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Effects of Zinc on Fathead Minnows 'Plme-
phales promelaa' In Soft Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. A. Benoit, and G. W. Holcombe. 25 Apr 78,9p EPA/
600/J-78/106
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Biology 13, p701-7081978.
A fathead minnow life-cycle exposure to various zinc
concentrations demonstrated that the most sensitive
indicators.of zinc toxicity were egg adhesiveness and
fragility, which were significantly affected at 145 micro-
grams Zn per liter and above, but were not affected at
78 micrograms Zn per liter and below. These effects
occurred shortly after the eggs were spawned (during
water hardening) and therefore were not related to ef-
fects on the parental fish. Hatchability and survival of
larvae were significantly reduced, and deformities at
hatching were significantly increased at 295 micro-
grams Zn per liter and above. Acclimated and unaccli-
mated groups of larvae exposed to identical zinc con-
centrations for 8 weeks after hatch showed only slight
differences in sensitivity.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Fishes, 'Zinc. 'Metals,
Concentratlon(Composition), Physiological effects,
Eggs, Survival, ReproductionfBiology), Larvae, Expo-
sure, Sensitivity, Life cycles, Growth, Water pollution,
Fresh water fishes, Fathead minnows, 'Heavy metals,
Pimephales promelas, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Bioindicators.
PB-295 383/4 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlcltles of Selected Heavy Metals to the
Softshell Clam, 'Mya arenaria'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
RonaW Eisler. 1977,11p EPA/600/J-77/150
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17, n2, p137-145 1977.
Static acute toxicity bioassays with adult softshell
clams and salts of copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, man-
ganese, and nickel were conducted at 30 o/oo salinity
and 22C. Concentrations fatal to 50% in 168 hours, in
mg/l (ppm) metal added at start, were 0.035 for Cu,
0.150 for Cd, 1.55 for Zn, 8.80 for Pb, 300.0 for Mn,
and > 50.0 for Ni. Additional tests were conducted with
Zn2+ and Cu2+ at 30 o/oo during fall (17.5C) and
winter (4C); clams displayed increasing survival with
decreasing temperature. For Cu, LC-50 (336 hr) values
at 17C and 4C were 0.086 and >3.00 mg/l, respec-
tively; for Zn these were 2.65 and >25.0, respectively.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Toxicology, Mollusca, Marine bi-
ology, Shellfish, Bioassay,
Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage, Tests,
Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Lead(Metal), Manganese,
Nickel, Salinity, Temperature, Seasonal variations,
Soft shell clams, 'Heavy metals, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Mya arenaria.
PB-295 384/2 PC A02/MF A01
Thlodlglycollc Acid: A Major Metabolite of Bls(2-
chloro-ethyl)ether. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Robert D. Lingo, William H. Kaylor, Steven M. Pyle, and
Robert G. Tardlff. 14 Jun 78,14p EPA/600/J-79/010
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 47, p23-
341979.
Male rats were given a single oral dose (40mg/kg) of
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (BCEE). Less than 2% of the
dose was recovered from the expired air as the unal-
tered parent compound during an 8-hr collection
period. Urine samples representing 48 hr of collection
were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry. Methyl ester/trimethylsilyl ether derivatives
of the isolated urinary acid fraction were prepared for
gasphase analysis. Two metabolites were identified in
this fraction: thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) and 2-chlor-
oethyl beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. Quantitative analy-
sis for TDGA gave an average (seven rats) yield for 48
hr of 33 + or -11.8 mg (+ or - SD) of TDGA/kg from a
single dose of 40 mg/kg BCEE. The glucuronide of 2-
chloroethanol was synthesized using rabbit liver micro-
somes in an incubation mixture. The matching mass
spectrum of the glucuronide prepared in vitro to that
identified in the urine of the rats verified 2-chloroethyl
Beta-D-glucosiduronic acid as a metabolite of BCEE.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Chemical analysis, Dosage,
Rats, Experimental data, Laboratory animals, Chlorine
organic compounds, Reprints, Metabolites, Urinalysis,
Quantitative analysis, *Ether/bis(chloroethyl), Diglyco-
lic acid/thio, Glucosiduronic acid/chloroethyf.
PB-295 386/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Further Studies of Regional Diffusion Modeling In
the Northern Great Plains. Final rapt.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Mei-Kao Liu, and Michael Wojcik. Mar 79,125p EF78-
88R, EF79-40, EPA/908/1-78/005
Contract EPA-68-01-3591
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-285 980.
In a previous study, a Regional Air Pollution Model was
developed to simulate the effect of emissions from
major point sources on air quality over long distances.
This model was subsequently applied to the Northern
Great Plains to assess the regional impact of existing
and proposed energy developments in that area. This
report continues that study by investigating methods
for characterizing wind field and mixed layer diffusivity
in mesoscale air quality modeling. After a review of
pertinent theoretical and observational studies, the
geostrophic wind and a scheme first proposed by
Smagorin8ky(1963) for horizontal eddy diffusivities
were selected. A bicubic spline fit was used to interpo-
late the geopotential height data needed for imple-
mentation of this scheme. This method was used to
compute the wind fields and horizontal diffusivities for
the three time periods studied in the previous efforts,
and the Regional Air Pollution Model was subsequent-
ly exercised using the new meteorological data.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, 'At-
mospheric models, Semibituminous coal, Sulfur diox-
ide, Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Mathemai-
ical models, Computerized simulation, Point sources,
'Northern Great Plains Region(United States), Patn or
pollutants, Regional air pollution study, Low sunui
coal, Regional Air Pollution model.
PB-295 394/1 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. „. .
Selected Blodegradatlon Techniques for Treat-
ment and/or Ultimate Disposal of Organic Materi-
als. Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Mar 79,379p* EPA/600/2-79/006
Contract EPA-68-03-2475
various industries often have properties not
treatable by conventional biological processes. These
properties include high COD/BOD ratios, low nutrient
content, biocidal content, marginally degradable con-
stituents, and a tendency toward highly variant con
centrations (shock loading). For this reason, researcn
was conducted to identify, characterize, and compf"'
types of biological treatment processes and operation-
al methods that successfully handle problematic or-
ganic industrial waste. The objectives of the tec nnw
ogy comparison are to identify the most robust "I0™"',
cal treatment techniques (applicable to the broaaeo'
range of waste classes) and to describe those treat
ment characteristics that specifically enhance bioof
gradation of organic waste. Design, performance, an"
economic comparisons of the studied biological treat
ment technologies are presented to assist waste man
agers and engineers in the selection of proper .treat
ment methods. The treatment techniques studied w«=
activated sludge, series lagoons, deep shaft aeraw1 •
and pure oxygen biological systems.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water P°llu*J,n
control, 'Biodeterioration, industrial waste treatrne '"
Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutr lent*
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Aera"°|c
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ec°n°I]a)
analysis, Activated sludge process, Lagoons(Pon<"'l
•Biological industrial waste treatment, Chemics
oxygen demand.
PB-295 408/9 PC A06/
An Analysis of Low-Level Solid Radioed""
Waste from LWRs through 1975, Tar
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Teci
nology Assessment Div. __ ,
J. W. Phillips, and Gary A. Gaul. Nov 77, 1 06p ORr'
TAD-77/2
In view of the wide disparity of data bases and conc;
inn ^/ln/»li leii-ino ttiio eti iHw i mHatao a nrauiftUS ••"' i.
i.e., demineralizer resins and filter sludge,
bottoms, and contaminated trash, and also lden"
relative composition of the wastes by major nucii &'
These latter results will be compared with similar
suits from other studies.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, Radioactive i
Water cooled reactors, Tables(Data), Low-level rao'u
active wastes, Solid wastes.
PB-295 415/4 PC A04/MF A"1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Effects of Thermal Discharge on Aquatic I
In the Tennessee Valley, _. . Of
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. D|V'
Environmental Planning.
Kenneth J. Tennessen, and Johnny L. Miller. Jul '"•
63p TVA/EP-78/09, EPA/600/7-78/128
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) conduct*;
studies to (1) determine the thermal tolerances or • j
lected aquatic insects and (2) investigate grown »'
emergence of those insects in the vicinity oTTVA e"2)
trie generating plants. Results of the study will be u»r|j
to help establish thermal effluent limits to protect
664 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
j|<)uatic ecosystem. Tolerance of the immature stages
w riexagenia bilineata and Coelotanypus sp. to ther-
v™ snooks of up to 20C was found to be great. How-
r*?r; eggs subjected to a shock of 15C resulted in a
areatly reduced mean percentage of hatching. No dif-
ference in fecundity of adult females was found be-
ween ambient and thermal plume stations. Adult
"wies from the heated discharge channel were signifi-
«>nny larger on the average than adult males from the
ambient station.
s: 'Heat tolerance, "Insects, "Cooling water,
water pollution, Electric power plants, Aquatic ani-
tinn b> cy°les. E99S. Mortality, Growth, Acclimatiza-
m.i Sze measurement, Fecundity, Tennessee, "Ther-
ma' pollution, Hexagenia bilineata.
PC A05/MF A01
Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
nal County Sfream Water Quality Study.
??torado 'state Univ., Gunnison. Mountain Meadow
h Center.
B- Rumberg, BerthaAnn H. Gery, and Kenneth
r' A"9. 78' 96P EPA/908/3-78/001
EPA-68-01-3589
in cooperation with Gunnison County, CO.
,f fj.rasearch was done to determine the water quality
darva'or streams in Gunnison County during Calen-
and nh"-1977- A Iar9e pumber of biological, chemical
Alan i i lcal water quality parameters were assessed.
tura j'uded in the study was review of existing litera-
that it °'ner pertinent water quality data, integrating
^imormation with the conclusions from the 1977 re-
ru«
'
! 'Water pollution, 'Stream pollution, Sam-
Sites, Concentration(Composition), Dissolved
,2', Oxygen, Coliform bacteria, Nitrogen, Phospho-
. Biochemical oxygen demand, Metals, Chlorides,
Pesticides, Turbidity, Temperature, Potas-
Colorado, 'Gunnison
(£*»? 447/7 PC A08/MF A01
5- Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Recharge of Trickling Filter Effluent
inal rept. 1 Nov 74-31 Jun 77,
Polytechnic Inst, Troy, NC.
Aulenbach. Mar 79,159p EPA/600/2-79/
5 PB-269 017, and PB-273 393.
rairiSP^ infiltration of trickling filter effluent onto natu-
Trea?m sand beds at 1ne *-*** George Village Sewage
wnrnent Plant has been shown to produce
treatment to the
e
domestic
of tertiary
BdnnVT«er since 1939 with no indication of exhaus-
took M. Purification capacity. Most of the purification
lMbL?ace in the top 10 m of the sand. BOD, COD, al-
Pnoanh nes""onates, total and fecal coliforms, and
ita 8an5tes were essentially completely removed in
Convert«L?'8tem- Ammonia and organic nitrogen were
Urtdor j to "itrates, some of which were removed
*«nd Jf "9 conditions. Vertical velocities in the
lav I*,-8 maasured between 0.6 m/day and 2.5 m/
12 m/S ontal velocities varied between 3 m/day and
lito'"f aV- Allowing weeds to grow on the sand beds
onthTK Jne infiltration rate when the depth of liquid
•on S*1 exceeded 0.3 m, but decreased the infiltra-
tyg.'fj8 at shallower depths. A rapid sand infiltration
vfctln ™* recommended as a suitable means of pro-
'«tertiary treatment to domestic wastewater.
"Sand w,8: *Se"aQe treatment, 'Trickling filtration,
•sulfrij on' Biochemical oxygen demand, Benzen-
•^•°™c acid, Coliform bacteria, Inorganic phos-
water. Sampling, Performance evalua-
properties, New York, Lake George
York), Land disposal, Chemical oxygen
• Tertiary treatment.
""ufe1'? PC A1 1 /MF A01
*"te ' ental Researcn ub- Research Tri-
Analysis of Fluldlzed-B«d Com-
1°*n»Ples. Final rept. Dec 76-78,
Space systems Group. Redondo
L. E. Ryan, R. G. Beimer, and R. F. Maddalone. Feb
79,226p EPA/600/7-79/063B
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of a Level 1 data evaluation
and prioritization and the Level 2 environmental as-
sessment (EA) chemical data acquired on a set of
fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) particulate samples.
The Level 2 analysis followed the approach described
in 'Approach to Level 2 Analysis Bastd on Level 1 Re-
sults,' a companion report. The report demonstrates
the utility of the decision criteria based on Multimedia
Environmental Goal (MEG) compounds at Minimum
Acute Toxicity Effluent (MATE) concentrations. It as-
sesses the Level 1 FBC data through their presenta-
tion on the Level 1 Data Reduction and Decision
Charts: the assessment results in a list of inorganic
and organic compounds which are specifically sought
in the Level 2 chemical analyses. The data generated
from the integrated approach to Level 2 inorganic
compound analysis is detailed, with the raw data ap-
pended. This Level 2 inorganic effort was qualitative
and quantitive, with oxidation states and compound
identification established. The organic Level 2 analyt-
ical work is based on gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry and resulted in various aromatic and aliphatic
hydrocarbons quantitated and identified in the FBC
emission samples.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Organic compounds, Inor-
ganic compounds, Fluidized bed processing, Chemical
analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Hy-
drocarbons, Assessments, Particles, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Samples,
Concentration(Composition), Atomic spectroscopy, Air
pollution, *Air pollution detection, Liquid chromatogra-
Phy.
PB-295 485/7 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emission of Sulfur-Bearing Compounds from
Motor Vehicle and Aircraft Engines. A Report to
Congress,
Biospherics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
James M. Kawecki. Aug 78,455p EPA/600/9-78/028
Contract EPA-68-02-2926
This report was generated in response to section
403(g) of The Clean Air Act as amended August, 1977.
The report covers (1) a review of emission factors for
H2S04, S02, sulfate, H2S, and carbonyl sulfide from
motor vehicles, motor vehicle engines and aircraft en-
gines; (2) a review of the known effects on health and
welfare of these compounds; (3) the status on technol-
ogy to control such emissions; and (4) an analysis of
the costs of control weighed against the social bene-
fits of such control. Available emission factors for
these pollutants were converted to ambient air con-
centrations by using dispersion and stochastic models.
The predicted ambient air concentrations were com-
pared to concentrations of these pollutants known to
cause adverse health or welfare effects. Results of this
comparison suggest that benefits of any control are
likely to be small. Except for 3-way catalytic control
technology, cost data for fuel desulfurization and vehi-
cle on-board control technology suggest an extremely
large economic impact. Consequently, specific con-
trols of sulfur-bearing compounds from mobile sources
are not recommended.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, 'Engines, Aircraft engines, Motor vehicle en-
gines, Public health, Air pollution control, Benefit cost
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Sulfuric acid,
Sulfur oxides. Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfates, Sulfur diox-
ide, Environmental impacts, Mathematical models.
PB-295 496/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Attitudes Toward Environmental Quality: Area,
Ethnicity and SES. Final rept,
Pan American Univ., Edinburg, TX.
Jerry L. Polinard. Feb 79,129p EPA/600/5-79/004
Contract EPA-68-01-2683
In a study of the San Antonio, Texas, ShISA, this report
indicates that, while respondents believe the environ-
ment is deteriorating, they do not believe environmen-
tal problems are among the most important faced by
the Nation. Analysis of the data shows that: (1) there is
a significant relationship between environmental atti-
tude and area, ethnicity, and a person's economic and
educational status (SES); (2) concern with environ-
mental quality and problems is greater among inner-
city respondents than suburban respondents; (3) Mexi-
can-Americans rank environmental concerns higher
than Anglos no matter where they live although Anglos
are more aware of and active in organizations That
focus on the environment; and (4) high SES respond-
ents were more aware of environmental problems and
more actively involved in environmental organizations
than middle or low SES respondents.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Attitude surveys,
Public opinion, Urban areas, Rural areas, Ethnic
groups, tables(Data), Air pollution, Water pollution,
Noise pollution, Forecasting, Texas, 'Environmental
quality, San Antonio(Texas),T_and pollution.
PB-295 500/3 PC A1 1/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Influence of Aerodynamic Phenomena on Pollut-
ant Formation In Combustion. Phase II. Liquid
Fuels. Final rept. Aug 76-Oct 77,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
CT.
L. J. Spadaccini, John McVey, Jan Kennedy, A. S.
Kesten, and F. K. Owen. Jan 79, 231 p EPA/600/7-79/
003
Contract EPA-68-02- 1 873
See also Phase 1 , PB-258 904.
The report gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion of the effects of the interaction between physical
and chemical processes on pollutant formation and
destruction in a liquid-fuel, turbulent-diffusion flame
burner. The effects of fuel type, inlet air swirl, inlet air
temperature, and combustor pressure on the spray
characteristics and the time-mean and fluctuating flow
field structure were determined, using probing and op-
tical techniques. Changes In the spray and flow field
structure were correlated with changes in pollutant
emissions from the burner. The investigation showed
that varying these operating parameters produces
major changes in spray dynamics, vaporization rates,
and time-averaged fuel/air distribution within the
burner which significantly influence energy release
rates and pollutant formation and destruction. Signifi-
cant differences were found between the mean veloci-
ties of the gas and fuel droplets which likely influence
dro
fuel
plet vaporization rates and mixing of the vaporized
l and air.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, 'Fur-
naces, Turbulent diffusion, Liquified petroleum gases,
Propane, Octanes, Distillates, Gas turbines, Labora-
tory equipment, Chemical reactions, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Air flow, TablesfData), Liquid fuels, Air fuel ratio.
PB-295 501/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Jackson Wastewater Treatment System, Town of
Jackson, Wyoming. Final environmental Impact
statement (summary),
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Boise, ID.
Ed Cryer, and Weston W. Wilson. 12 Feb 79,34p EPA/
908/5-79/001A
This is a summary of the final environmental impact
statement (EIS) for proposed construction of addition-
al wastewater treatment facilities at Jackson Hole,
within Teton County, Wyoming. The U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA), Region VIII, Denver,
under the authority of Section 201 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, Is
authorized to grant 75 percent matching funds for con-
struction costs of designated wastewater treatment
facilities. Sewage discharges as a result of area growth
and development together with non-point source
runoff have degraded the water quality of Flat Creek.
Therefore, additional sewage treatment facilities are
needed to meet water quality goals. The recommend-
ed action is to construct aerated lagoons followed by
rapid infiltration basins 4 miles downstream of the ex-
isting plant. The new facility will enhance development
in the undeveloped South Park area. Ground water
monitoring will be required.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, Water quality, Sewage disposal,
Runoff, Aeration, Snake River, Regional planning, Flat
Creek, Wyoming, Sewage treatment plants,
December 1983 665
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jackson(Wyoming), Teton County(Wyoming), Aeration
ponds, Wild rivers, Scenic rivers.
PB-295 502/9 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Jackson Wastewater Treatment System, Town of
Jackson, Wyoming. Final environmental impact
statement,
Montgomery (James M), Inc., Boise, ID.
Ed Cryer, and Weston W. Wilson. 12 Feb 79,176p
EPA/908/5-79/001 B
See also PB-295 501.
The purpose of the Final Environmental Impact State-
ment (EIS) is to present an evaluation of the primary
and secondary environmental impacts of those
wastewater treatment alternatives to be analyzed as
part of the completion of the Jackson, Wyoming 201
Wastewater Facilities Plan Update, completed in Octo-
ber, 1978. These alternatives include alternate inter-
ceptor rights-of-way, alternate plant site locations, and
alternate treatment techniques which include lagoons
and an oxidation ditch followed by either rapid infiltra-
tion basins or discharge to the Snake River or Flat
Creek. The analysis concluded that construction of an
aerated stabilization pond on the South Park Elk Feed-
ground would pose legal difficulties in land acquisition
from the State of Wyoming, would adversely affect the
elk herd, was located in the 100-year floodplain, would
conflict with goals established by the Snake River Wild
and Scenic River Study, and ultimately result in wide-
spread development of the South Park area in direct
conflict with the goals of the proposed master plan.
The Final Environmental Impact Statement also in-
cludes responses to comments on the draft EIS.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, Water quality, Flat Creek, Snake
River, Regional planning, Wyoming, Sewage treatment
plants, Jackson(Wyommg), Teton County(Wyoming),
Aeration ponds, Wild rivers, Scenic rivers.
PB-295 503/7 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Domes-
tic Wastewater, Roswell, New Mexico, Slow Rate
Irrigation Site.
Benham-Blair and Affiliates, Inc., Oklahoma City.
Ernest L Koerner, and D. Alan Haws. Feb 79,197p
EPA/600/2-79/047
Contract EPA-68-02-2363
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering Enterprises,
Inc., Norman, OK.
This report presents the findings of a study on the
long-term effects of applying treated domestic
wastewater to farmland at Roswell, New Mexico. On
the test site, a slow rate irrigation method was used for
33 years. Water, soil, and crop samples from this test
site were compared with similar samples from nearby
control sites irrigated with well water. Samples were
also taken to detect viruses and coliform bacteria.
Alkalinity and nitrate were the only parameters found
to be significantly greater at the test site. Only one pa-
rameter, phosphorus, was significantly greater in the
effluent, the upper soil profile, and the plant leaves of
the test site compared to the control site. Soil analyses
from six depths at different season indicated a rapid
renovation of the wastewater. No viruses were detect-
ed in wells or plant sample, and coliform bacteria oc-
curred only sporadically in early sampling results, pos-
sibly as a result of contamination during collection and
processing.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Soil properties,
'Farms, 'Sewage treatment, Irrigation, Trace ele-
ments, Ground water, Soil analysis, Coilform bacteria,
Viruses, Water wells, Alkalinity, Metals, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Seasonal variations,
New Mexico, 'Land application.
PB-295 508/6 PC A05/MF A01
MERL Report of Progress, 1978. Progress rept.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Apr 79, 86p EPA/600/9-79/009
The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory is
EPA's research component for the development of
technology, systems and processes to combat envi-
ronmental pollutants that trouble our communities and
municipalities. The report discusses the development
and demonstration of cost-effective pollution control
methods in the areas of sewage and wastewaters,
solid and hazardous wastes, public drinking water sup-
plies, and urban systems management. Although
some of its content is technical, the report is written to
be informative for a wide management audience in the
business and industry, education, and government,
and others who are interested in the environment and
related fields.
Keywords: Water pollution control, Sewage treatment,
Waste water, Waste treatment, Hazardous materials,
Water supply, Urban areas, 'Pollution control, Solid
wastes.
PB-295 519/3 PC A03/MF A01
Profile of Environmental Quality: Region 8, Colo-
rado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyoming.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
of Public Awareness.
Oct 78, 32p
See also report dated Mar 78, P6-283 280.Color illus-
trations reproduced in black and white.
This report presents a brief overview of some of the
problems which affect environmental quality in the
Region VIII states of Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. It also dis-
cusses EPA's programs aimed at dealing with these
problems. Some color maps and graphs may not re-
produce satisfactorily.
Keywords: Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Pesticides, Noise reduction, Radiation
dosage, Natural resources, Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Environmen-
tal quality, 'Region 8, Air quality, Water quality, Noise
pollution, Western Region(United States).
siderations in implementing a salinity control pr°9[a „
and finally, recommendations for formulating an a"'"
program. It is intended that the primary audiencei i
this manual would be environmental planners suu.
EPA Regional Offices, state water pollution comro
agencies, regional councils of governments, arm <•
pfenning groups. In addition, it is intended to serve a=
guide to be used and tailored at the discretion anu
guidance of the supervisory personnel to persons w
our prior training or experience in assessing we ""
point source pollution problems of irrigation reiui
flows due to salinity.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Manuals, Recommendations, Management ^
texture, Surface irrigation, Water consumption, oj»
kler irrigation, Desalting, Farms, Diverting, Nutrien,
Cost effectiveness, Legislation, 'Return flow. N0
point sources, Best management practices.
PB-295 535/9 PC A06/MFAOjl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC. . O.i|.r«
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired BOW
for Emissions Control and Efficiency lmpr°v
ment - Site B. Final rept. Dec 77-Mar 78.
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN. , .,
J. E. Gabrielson, P. L. Langsjoen, and T. C. Kosvic.
Feb 79,113p EPA/600/7-79/041 A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609 _ n.nre4
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-285 172.Sponsore
in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Associaw .
Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements nw
on a 200,000 Ib/hr spreader stoker boiler. The_w »
of various parameters on boiler emissions and e^~^.ie
cy was studied. Parameters studied included OVOM
air, flyash reinjection, excess air, boiler load, ana •
properties. Measurements included "»«>ous en _,
PB-295 522/7 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Noise Assessment, Hartsfleld In-
ternational Airport, Atlanta, Georgia,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
sions, particulate emissions, particle size (.._
the flyash, and combustible content of the asn.
ecus emissions measured were O2, CO2, oy. .
S02, and S03 in the flue gas. Sample locations ino""
ed the boiler outlet, multiclone outlet, and electrosw
Kent C. Williams. Jun 78,84p EPA/904/9-78/011 precipitator outlet In addition to test results ana o
vations, the report describes the facility >es .-nthe
fired, test equipment, and procedures. lncreasl -—is-
overfire air flow was found to reduce particulate en
sions by 25%. Overfire air flow did not slgnmc«"f
affect NO emissions. A 30% reduction in fty?3" diet
jection reduced particulate loading at the b°''fJjJSan
40%, and reduced boiler efficiency 1.3%. At.2e8|B/
capacity, the boiler emitted between 12.7 and i»-° ,
million Btu particulate matter and 225-315 ppm ™"
the boiler outlet.
This report provides information obtained during an
environmental noise assessment of the residential
areas adjacent to Hartsfield International Airport in At-
lanta, Georgia. Noise contours based on average day
night sounoTlevel (Ldn) were developed for 1977 level
of operations and this analytical prediction was com-
pared with continuous twenty-four hour monitoring at
forty-two ground stations. Durations from predicted
sound levels, vis-a-vis, measured sound levels were
assessed in terms of the number of monitoring days at
each site, and the total land area in acres (inside of
and exterior to the airport boundary), within each Ldn
contour was estimated in 5dB increments from 65dBA
to 85dBA. A summary of the monitoring results is pro-
vided as is a set of conclusions regarding the possible
effects of the noise exposures on activity interference,
annoyance, and health and welfare in general.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Noise pollution, Noise(Sound),
Stress(Physlology), Physiological effects, Cardiovas-
cular system, Sleep, Performance(Human), Efficiency,
Georgia, Noise pollution, Hartsfield International Air-
port, Atlanta(Georgia), 'Noise levels, 'Noise expo-
sure, Hearing loss.
PB-295 531/8 PCA11/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Environmental Planning Manual for Salinity Man-
agement In Irrigated Agriculture. Final rept. 22 Aug
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Wynn R. Walker, and Robert G.
Evans. Mar 79,250p EPA/600/2-79/062
Grant EPA-R-804672
An Environmental Planning Manual for Salinity Man-
agement in Irrigated Agriculture has been prepared.
The primary focus of this manual is a delineation of the
combinations of technological and institutional solu-
tions, the various levels of planning effort, use of exist-
ing data and necessary field investigations which are
required for the different planning levels, methods of
data analysis, technological and socioeconomic con-
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers,
Field tests, Combustion products, Coal,
Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, as,
oxide(NO), Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Flue gas"
Fly ash, Particle size distribution.
PB-295 544/1
PCA16/MM0
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC. »_n -
other researchers who are interested in perjo"ILgj
their own analysis. Readers are referred to thei>i
technical report for information on objectives, oe*r!,nt
tion of facility tested and coals fired, test equipnE,e
and procedures, interpretations, and conclusions. ' t
final technical report contains data summaries >
found in this supplement. The supplement conw
panel board data for each test, detailed partif"'",'e
O2, CO2, CO, NO, SO2, and SO3 data, particle 7*
distribution data, modified smoke spot data, chen»
analysis of the coal, and coal size consistency data-
,e
»* i
666 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
» Alr Pollution, 'Boilers, Field tests, Parti-
, T °xit>es, Combustion products, Industrial
Tables(Data). Concentration(Composition),
- PC A03/MF A01
mom.2 '2n °' the Requested Alternate Dyna-
Tachnlcair *f Ab8orPtlon for the Ford LTD-
Stanffle2.tal ' Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Glenn riTPeveloPment and Support Branch.
"" u- Thompson. Apr 78, 31 p LDTP-78-08
rwsCfnm ab?ut the EPA fuel economy measurements
andthort Greater attention on the dynamometer
ternato Vynamometer adjustment. Specifically, the al-
PO*of .K edures for determining the dynamometer
8nceBS?80rption 'o simulate the vehicle road experi-
and ono -2? an opportunity for both greater precision
abusaw abuse. Because of the possibility for
prlato'"Was decided to occasionally check the appro-
*he alternate dynamometer power ab-
,e.iuested by vehicle manufacturers. The
amnL . tne representativeness of the requested
first ra!sSf!,er power absorption for the Ford LTD was
lects ' nf In9 the summer of 1 977. This report col-
Whichhm ^"""arizes the pertinant available data
trol T«2. been generated by the EPA Emission Con-
aion ^S?I]0'09y Division, the EPA Certification Divi-
1 and bV Ford Motor Company.
*Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, *Ex-
ns' Performance evaluation, Inspection,
c rs- Power measurement, Ford LTD auto-
. Ford vehicles, Motor vehicles(1 978 models).
PCE15
. iate Industry.
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
PB-295 562 thru PB-295 564.
available.
Cento?, |?2'3 PC AOS/MF A01
•>— ., Dorl*> Phosphate Industry. Volume I. Im-
ronmn Actlon- Final reP«
IV. unrnental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
oa 2, PB-295 563.
SET. able ln set of 3 reports PC E15, PB-295 561-
an artol,?1 Flor>da Phosphate District encompasses
^WateL °J.,a,PProximately 2000 square miles in Polk,
ptorida TK illsborou6lh' Hardee, and DeSoto Counties,
"totes in »I,ere are currently 17 potential new source
Curnulathlle
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
number of field measurements ('source tests'), can
also be both precise and accurate within practical and
useful limits.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Inventories, Wastes, Oils,
Crude oil, Asphalts, Solvents, Degreasing, Ammonia,
Carbon black, Lead organic compounds, Bakery prod-
ucts, Urea, Beef cattle, Cotton plants, Smelting,
Copper, Lead ores, Lead oxides, Storage batteries,
LeadJMatal), Concretes, Woodworking, 'Emission fac-
tors, Fugitive emissions, Stationary sources.
PB-296 630/8 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincmnati,
OH.
Dissolved Air Flotation Treatment of Gulf Shrimp
Cannery Wastewater. Final rept.,
Domingue, Szabo and Associates, Inc., Lafayette, LA.
A. J. Szabo, Larry F. LaFleur, and Felcon R. Wilson.
Mar 79,201 p EPA/600/2-79/061
Grant EPA-S-803338
Sponsored in part by American Shrimp Canners Asso-
ciation, New Orleans, LA.
This study reports on the operation of a plant scale dis-
solved air flotation system installed to define and
evaluate attainable shrimp cannery wastewater treat-
ment levels. The system was operated in all three
modes of OAF pressurization. Destabilizing coagulants
investigation Included alum, lignosulfonate(PRA-l)
and catlonic polymer(507-C). Using alum and anionic
polymer 835A as a coagulant aid, significant removals
of BOD, TSS and Oil and Grease were achieved. Oper-
ating data are presented which characterize the Gulf
shrimp cannery wastewaters and show the removals
attained. Data on oyster processing wastewaters are
also presented. In con|unctlon with the project, water
use reduction and wastewater management practices
were Instituted at the study cannery resulting in large
overall reductions of pollutants. Costs of the
wastewater treatment system installation, operation
and maintenance are presented.
Keywords: "Food processing, "Shrimps, 'Flotation,
•Sewage treatment, Dewatering, Sludge drying, Oper-
ating costs, Coagulation, pH, Pilot plants, Alums, Oys-
ters, Waste water, Installing, Canneries, Cost analysis.
PB-29S 637/3 PC A03/MF A01
Manual of Practice: The Disposal of Combined
Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Residues
(Metals). Final rapt,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Hugh M. Jeffus. Feb 79,39p EPA/600/2-79/052
This manual gives the processes and products where
different metals are used in order that potential
sources of metals in combined wastewater residues
may be identified. Potential problems in disposal of
these residues are identified. Most metals are toxic to
plants or animals at some concentration and, there-
tore, pose potential environmental or health problems.
Disposal practices, Incineration, landspreading, land-
filling, ana encapsulation are discussed. Limiting con-
centrations of potential problem metals are given for
Incineration and landspreading.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Metals, 'Manuals,
Incinerators, Earth fills, Encapsulation, Sources, Resi-
dues, Sludges, 'Heavy metals, Landspreading, Point
sources.
PB-295 641/5 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Benzene,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. F. Fentlman, M. B. Neher, G. W. Kinzer, P. R.
Sticteel, and R. W. Coutant. Apr 79,150p* EPA/560/
6-79/006
Contracts EPA-68-01-3420, EPA-68-01-3858
Procedures were developed for the collection and
analysis of benzene in environmental samples. These
procedures were employed in air, water, and soil sam-
pling for benzene In the vicinity of five industrial facili-
ties using or producing benzene. In addition, these pro-
cedures were employed In air sampling for benzene in
the vicinity of two other industrial facilities, In the area
around three gasoline service station locations, and at
three urban locations in Columbus, Ohio.
Keywords: "Benzene, 'Environmental surveys, 'Moni-
toring, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Concentration(Composition), Water
analysis, Gas analysis, Chemical analyses, Sites, Sor-
bents, Gas chromatography, Urban areas, Sampling,
traffic, Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution detection,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Water pollution detection,
'Water pollution sampling, Service stations, Proce-
dures.
PB-295 649/8 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Residential Combustion of
Coal. Final rept. Nov 76-Nov 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. Q. DeAngelis, and R. B. Reznik. Jan 79,145p MRC-
DA-878, EPA/600/2-79/019A
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-292 837.
The report summarizes the assessment of air emis-
sions from the residential combustion of anthracite, bi-
tuminous, and lignite coals, with emphasis on bitumi-
nous coals. Approximately 2.6 million metric tons of
coal were burned as a primary source of heat in an es-
timated 493,018 housing units in 1974. Geographical
distribution of coal-fired heating devices is related to
the location of major coal fields. Stoker-fed boilers and
warm-air furnaces are currently being marketed for
burning coal as a primary source of heat in residential
structures; however, hand-fed units and room heaters
also exist. Emissions from these units include particu-
lates, SOx, NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, polycyclic organic
material (POM), and trace elements. The severities of
these emissions were assessed for an average
source. Emissions of POMs were found to have a se-
verity of 2.6 for combustion of bituminous coal; the re-
maining emissions had severities of 0.05 or less. A
special assessment of the environmental impact of an
array of 100 houses burning coal indicates the poten-
tial for a 30-fold increase in the severities of associat-
ed emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coal, 'Houses, Anthracite,
Bituminous coal, Lignite, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic compounds, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Home heating.
PB-295 650/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FGD Survey: October-November 1978,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Melia, M. Smith, T. Koger, and B. Laseke. Feb 79,
176p EPA/600/7-79/022B
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also PB-290 497, and PB-279 011.
The report is an updated supplement to EPA-600/7-
78-051 a and should be used in conjunction with it. It
presents a survey of utility flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems in the U.S., summarizing information
contributed by the utility industry, process suppliers,
regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering firms.
Systems are tabulated alphabetically, by development
status (operational, under construction, in planning
stages, or terminated operations), by utility company,
by process supplier, by process, by waste disposal
practice, and by regulatory class. It presents data on
system design, fuel sulfur content, operating history,
and actual performance. It discusses problems and so-
lutions associated with the boilers and FGD systems.
Process flow diagrams and FGD system economic
data are appended to the report.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Boilers, Flue gases, Solid waste disposal, Per-
formance evaluation, Tables(Data), Cost analysis,
Design, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB-295 653/0 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Achieving Irrigation Return Flow Quality Control
Through Improved Legal Systems. Final rept.,
Resources Administration and Development, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO.
George E. Radosevich, and Gaylord V. Skogerboe.
Dec 78,314p EPA/600/2-78/184
Grant EPA-R-804303
The key to irrigated agricultural return flow .,
trol is proper utilization and management <" "^the
source itself, and an accepted tool in out society«»'
law. This project is designed to develop ^K-^Lgt
lives that will facilitate the implementation of 'mP"ix!e
water management technologies developed to irwȣ
and control salinity, sediment, nutrients, ^r...^^
forms of water pollution emanating from a(!nc"" jor
uses of water and other primary agricultural inpu» •
crop production. Recommendations for Feoerai
state activities to achieve irrigation return ''°'*!,3iuelll
control include an action program termed the "I1":.,.,.
control approach'. The basic and required cow*
nents of such a program are outlined and discusseu-
Keywords: 'Water law, 'Irrigation, 'Waterquality'man-
agement, Salinity, Sediments, Nutrients, Water ngn^
Constraints, Recommendations, National governmo
State government, Regulations, Legislation,
flow.
PB-295 662/1 PC A04/MF A«1
Metropolitan Denver Air Program Workplan, ^
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver,
Region VIII. ._ ,„
Dale Wells, John Philbrook, David Kircher, Charles
Stevens, and Sally Rawlings. 14 Nov 77,64p EPA'
908/1-77/006
The work described in this report falls into four rnaF
categories: (1) development of an Employer incen•
program to increase commuter vehicle O9cupall|ii|nn
development of an enhanced motor vehicle em[?i»|v.
control program for Denver; (3) development ot "rL,,
ods to improve transportation efficiency by f0^^.
preferential treatments for bicycling and high °^Sf\n
cy vehicles; and (4) development of new P01'0^^
deal with requests for construction grants for **X5j.
treatment projects in non-attainment areas and p*L((.
opment of an SIP policy for the Action Plan. T he wu>
plan also specifies an EPA program to heighten pu"
awareness o< air problems and solutions in Denver.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Incentives, Mot*'**'
hicles, Transportation, Planning, Policies, Colors""
'Denver(Colorado).
PB-295 663/9 PC A13/MFj£j
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
of Energy Activities. .
Coal Lease Tracts In the Wast - A Concise i
parlson Methodology. Final rept., , na.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Center for n
source and Environmental Systems Studies.
Mary E. Gray, Edward M. Dickson, Buford R. Holt,
Susan J. Mara, and Robert V. Steele. Mar 79,279p
CRESS-67, EPA/908/4-79/002
Contract EPA-68-01-4691
A method for comparing the environmental sen8™j2-
of candidate lease tracts is presented in this ea^"tZ.
use handbook. The method helps users analyzM?1^
mation on important aspects of tracts proposer,zeg
coal leasing in three ways. First, the method organ"
information and analysis about individual trap"S
cording to six critical environmental indicaiaf8
Second, the analytical results are used to com?5|y
and rank order the tracts from least environment" j
affected to most severely affected by mining. F'n?lit
the method incorporates the values of various int*f^
groups into the rankings so that different perspectn'fj
on the desirability of mining the various tracts c*" jg.
readily perceived. This method was specifically^
in the West. However, the concept is flexible and t-
be applied to almost any area after suitable maw110*
tion of the indicators.
Keywords: *Coal deposits, 'Coal mining,
mental impacts, 'Surface mining, Air pollution,
pollution, Social effect, Economic impact, HJ
Ecology, Leasing, Regulations, Benefit cost
Decision making, Constraints, Ranking, Co
Western RegionfUnited States), Legal aspects,
ern coal.
PB-295 665/4 PC A06/MF Atf
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinrw"1
OH.
668 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oTnw 8'cal Overview Reports for Eight Shale
Beach ciVronmen'al Engineering Div., Redondo
1/ 1 Cott8r. c- H. Prien, and T. D. Nevens.
-79/075
in cooperation with Denver Research Inst,
inform.? of the document is to supply background
and onu r evaluation of environmental impacts
on shWi Jlon c°ntrol technologies in connection with
aelaetoH7eveloPment- Six surface retorting processes
B it\ D L characterization were: (1) Union Oil Retort
Periorr2ira V3) T°SCO II, (4) Lurgi Ruhrgas, (5) Su-
twoirn? ' and (6> USBM Gas Combustion.ln addition,
OctirtBM i retorting activities were selected; (1) the
Itudsu i modifi«d in-situ retort, and (2) the true in-
nolom/ n pment Programs of Laramie Energy Tech-
inform,,.- ter (DOE). Each overview report contains
descrS" on oil shale Processing. General process
mem h»°n8' le PreParation requirements, equip-
8nd hi „ .1 °Pei-ating conditions, process products
tio8 "{^Products, physical and chemical characteris-
r^y and water requirements, process stream
!n'cs' Processed shale disposal require-
srte-specific environmental aspects are in-
mem°i!.ds; *Shale oil, 'Oil shale, 'Technology assess-
cons' » Jn 9' Drawings, Environmental impacts, Water
•EnermP n' Byproducts, Solid waste disposal,
Toscn »80uroe development, Lurgi-Ruhrgas process,
UrSrE[ocess' Tosco 2 process, Paraho process,
Process /Srocsss' Superior process, Gas combustion
retortlnci c'derrtal modified in-situ process, In-situ
I72/0 PC A17/MF A01
nvlronm!10" Eml»»lon Factor*. Final rept.
Otficenr?ntal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
MarTB ,Iransportation and Land Use Policy.
?81p EPA/400/9-78/005
report dated Dec 75, PB-249 526.
officially revises previous mobile
n factors whlch were presented in Sup-
- 5 to AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant
esiW Fa,ctors (December, 1975). This document
part? "?' revise all information in Supplement No. 5. In
duty Hio "Plated factors are not included for light-
road S8861 aut°mobiles, light-duty diesel trucks, off-
ed on parr i' or aircraft; nor is any information includ-
; *Air Pollution, 'Motor vehicles, Emission,
I68,'. Trucks, Motorcycles, Gasoline, Diesel
' California, Altitude, 'Emission factors, High
environments.
c.. - - PC A07/MF A01
cnects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
streets of Consumption of Renovated
ep 7*8 m'*trv an<1 Cytotoxlclty. Final rept. Oct
-aneaa n Univ- Boulder. Environmental Trace Sub-
Wiffi^esearch Program.
W.,™a «. Chappell, Clive C. Solomons, Harold F.
Villiam L. Weston. Mar 79,132p EPA/
of the research has been to develop
and""?!8 to separate, identify, and measure volatile
^aateuSL. olatile compounds found in secondary
- «*»«»er effluent, and to test the suitability of the cy-
Dical assay for the substances found. Identi-
^and measurement of volatile organics were
• 8nd known substances were submitted for
testing. Non-volatile substances were
I and fractionated and submitted for both
I and Ames mutagenicity testing. Toxicity
"viic . ..-3d the effect of the fractions on both meta-
lets tS™ bactericidal cellular activity. The use of plate-
tabliSu '° be trle rnost suit8D|e because of their
iriga -3Larjd correlation with gross human toxicity rank-
toxic r« *** P°lar and non-polar fractions produced
assa-.:esponses in both metabolic and bactericidal
QenSE: ?" lnttia' set of samples submitted for muta-
Polarf; testin9 showed definite activity in trie more
for r!n'?ctions- A second series of samples submitted
^nnrmatory testina showed no activity, indicating
that the concentration of mutagens varies significantly
with time.
Keywords: "Toxicology, * Potable water, 'Waste water
reuse, 'Bactericides, Methodology, Measurement,
Identifying, Mutations, Toxicity, Public health, Humans,
Waste water, Organic compounds, Monitors, Con-
sumption, Chemistry, Chemical analysis, Metabolism,
Physiological effects, Cytotoxicity, 'Toxic substances,
Mutagenesis, 'Drinking water, Environmental health.
PB-295 683/7 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA-lnteragency Coal Cleaning Program: FY 1978
Progress Report. Final rept. Oct 77-Sep 78,
PEDCo Environmental, Inc., Dallas, TX.
Robin D. Terns. Feb 79,113p EPA/600/7-79/072
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
Research and development activities under the inter-
agency coal cleaning program are responsive to
changing regulatory requirements and energy goals. A
review of current regulatory activities and the status of
coal cleaning technology provides the context for dis-
cussion of progress on recent coal cleaning research
and development.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, Pyrite, Flotation, Mag-
netic separators, Desulfurization, Cyclone separators,
Dewatering, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol, Solid waste disposal, Regulations, Research proj-
ects, Reviewing, Technology assessment, Cost esti-
mates.
PB-295 684/5 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Fate and Biological Effects of Cadlum Introduced
Into Channel Microcosm*. Final rept. May 75-78,
Savannah River Ecology Lab., Aiken, SC.
John P. Glesy, Jr., Henry J. Kania, John W. Bowling,
Robert L. Knight, and Susan Mashburn. Apr 79,173p
EPA/600/3-79/039
Cadmium was continuously input to aquatic micro-
cosm channels resulting in concentrations of 5 and 10
mlcrograms Cd/l. Cadmium accumulation into both
biotic and abiotic components was determined. Bio-
logical effects of cadmium were determined by moni-
toring structural and functional properties of the entire
system as well as structural changes in populations
and compared to control systems, which received no
cadmium. Cadmium inputs and outputs equilibrated
within approximately 20 days of initial cadmium Inputs.
However, approximately 20% of the cadmium leaving
the channels was associated with participates. Com-
munity components accumulated cadmium proportion-
al to cadmium exposure levels. Cadmium was rapidly
eliminated from all biotic components, with concentra-
tions returning to levels similar to those in control
channels within a few weeks in the aufwuchs commu-
nity to a few months in macrophytes. Organic head-
pool sediments showed no significant decrease in cad-
mium content six months after cessation of cadmium
inputs, indicating that the abiotic half time for contami-
nated environments is very long. Half times for elimina-
tion from channel sediments were 72 and 38 days for 5
and 10 micrograms/l inputs, respectively, after Cd
inputs were terminated.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Metals, 'Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Water pollu-
tion, Growth inhibitors, Fishes, Invertebrates, Sedi-
ments, Water chemistry, Leaves(Botany), Decomposi-
tion, Toxicity, Seasonal variations, Particulates, Bio-
logical effects, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Bioaccumulation, Monitoring, 'Heavy metals, 'Toxic
substances.
PB-295 711/6 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Dredge Spoils and Sewage Sludge In the Trace
Metal Budget of Eetuarlne and Coastal Waters.
Final rept.,
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades,
H. James Simpson. Mar 79,224p EPA/600/3-79/029
Grant EPA-R-803113
Many reactive pollutants, such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cs-137,
Pu-239, 240 and PCB's appear to be transported and
accumulated together in association with fine-grained
particles in the Hudson River estuary. Anthropogenic
increases of 3-6 times natural levels of Zn, Cu, and Pb
were found for Hudson sediments. Mobilization of Cd
and Ni in the sediments of a small embayment of the
Hudson with very high contamination levels appears to
be primarily by resuspension of fine particles, although
elevated concentrations of Cd in pore waters were
also observed. Radiocarbon measurements Indicate
the predominant source of organic carbon in New York
harbor sediments is recent sewage and not petroleum
hydrocarbon contamination. A new enzymatic tech-
nique was developed to trace the distribution of cellu-
lose, a significant component of sewage sludge, in
coastal sediments. Radon-222, a natural radioactive
gas dissolved in the Hudson, is supplied primarily from
the sediments at approximately twice the rate predict-
ed by molecular diffusion. The behavior of phosphate
and trace metals derived from sewage was examined
on the basis of field data and the use of simple models
to examine management alternatives. The most rea-
sonable course appears to be completion of second-
ary sewage treatment plants in New York City and
major upgrading of primary treatment in New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Spoil, 'Metals, 'Water pollution, 'Hudson
River Estuary, Sediments, Zinc, Copper, Lead(Metal),
Cadmium, Nickel, Concentration(Composition), Radio-
active isotopes, Tables(Data), Inorganic phosphates,
Methane, Radon, Isotopic labeling, Dredge spoil,
Trace metals.
PB-295 743/9 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Revision* to Emission Factors for AP-42 Organic
Source Categories. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA,
Oct 78,161p EPA/450/3-78/108
Contract EPA-68-02-2583
This document contains the text, as revised or original-
ly written, of several sections prepared for inclusion in
AP-42, 'Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.'
Each section, or chapter of this document, Includes: a
description of the process, a process flow diagram, a
characterization of the emissions, a discussion of ap-
plicable control options, and a quantification of the
process's emissions, usually in the form of emission
factors. The source categories Included herein are:
solvent degreasing (or cleaning); transportation and
marketing of petrofeum liquids (gasoline trucks in tran-
sit); industrial surface coating Including coil, can, wire,
automobile, light-duty truck, large appliance, metal fur-
niture, miscellaneous metal parts and products, flat
wood Interior panel, paper, and fabric coating; waste
solvent reclamation; cleaning of rail tank cars, tank
trucks, and drums; and asphaitlc concrete plants (hot-
mix asphalt). For each section, the background docu-
ment which discusses the derivation and source of
emission information is also included.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution,
Sources, Petroleum products, Solvents, Cleaning, De-
greasing, Cargo transportation, Coatings, Asphalt,
Concrete, Industrial wastes, Metal coatings, 'Emission
factors, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-295 780/1 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Treatment of Refinery Wastewater Using a Filtra-
tion-Activated Carbon System. Final rept. Oct 73-
Jun 78,
BP Oil, Inc., Marcus Hook, PA.
Bruce A. McCrodden. Mar 79,91 p EPA/600/2-79/066
Grant EPA-12050-GXF
The objective of this report was to demonstrate the ap-
plicability of a dual media filtration-activated carbon
adsorption system for the treatment of petroleum refin-
ery wastewater. Constructed on a one-quarter acre
plot, the capital cost of the wastewater treatment plant
was $1,812,000 with an annual operating cost of
$223,980.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Fil-
tration, Activated carbon, Industrial waste treatment.
Petroleum industry, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Cost analysis, Design criteria, Performance evaluation.
Process charting.
December 1983 669
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-295 798/3 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Boulder, Colorado Wastewater Treatment Facili-
ties. Final environmental Impact statement.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
30 Nov 78, 327p EPA/908/5-78/003
Contract EPA-68-01-3443
This document describes the proposed EPA action re-
garding wastewater treatment facilities for the City of
Boulder, Colorado. Alternative facilities involving ad-
vanced waste treatment techniques were considered
to meat NPDES permit requirements for Boulder
Creek. Principal alternatives considered include land
treatment by infiltration/percolation, modified activat-
ed sludge/trickling filters, chemical treatment, aer-
ation/polishing ponds, and agricultural reuse. A form
of activated sludge followed by trickling filters was
chosen. Environmental reports were assessed for this
plan including effects on water quality, groundwater
levels, groundwater quality, odor generation, fog or
aerosol formation, increased energy demand, land use
patterns, public health problems, soil productivity and
visual effects.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statement-Final, Assessments, Environmental
Impacts, Ground water, Water quality, Odors, Aero-
sols, Land use, Soils, Public health, Activated sludge
process, Trickling filters, Irrigation, Vegetation, Colora-
do, Boulder(Colorado), Habitats.
PB-295 802/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Gamma Radiation Treatment of Water* from Lig-
nite Mines. Final rept. Sep 74-Aug 76,
Central Research and Design Inst. for Opencast
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland).
Henryk Janiak. Feb 79,105p EPA/600/7-79/064
Contract EPA-05-534-3
Discussed in this report are results of laboratory inves-
tigations carried out with the application of gamma ra-
diation for the purification of waters drained from sur-
face lignite mines. These waters are polluted to a con-
siderable extent with suspended matter of various
sizes, a large quantity of which is colloidal particles,
mainly clay, that create turbidity and colour. Moreover
there is often a high oxygen demand and occasionally
a high content of iron. The remaining chemical physi-
cal parameters of the mine water do not diverge from
the levels required for waters discharged to surface
flows and reservoirs. The investigations have shown a
positive influence of Co-60 gamma radiation on the
speed of suspended matter sedimentation, starting
with an absorbed dose of 500 kRad. An optimal dose
was found to be 1000 kRad. Above this dose the ac-
celeration of velocity of settling particles was not pro-
portional to the applied energy value. The investiga-
tions found relationship between the absorbed dose
and the reduction in turbidity, oxygen demand and iron
content.
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Coal mines, 'Water treat-
ment, Irradiation, Lignite, Turbidity, Gamma rays,
Oxygen, Dosage, Absorption, Iron, pH, Cobalt 60,
Chemical analysis, Reviews.
PB-295 807/2 PC A02/MF A01
Neoplasla In Soft-Shell Clams (Mya arenarla) Col-
lected from Oil-Impacted Sites,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Paul P. Yevich, and Carolyn A. Barszcz. Sep 77,20p
EPA/600/J-77/152
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v298, p409-426, September 29,1977.
The Histopathology Unit of our laboratory has been In-
volved for the past 7 years In the hlstopathologic ex-
amination of marine Invertebrates collected from var-
ious oil spill sites along the coastal areas of the United
States. Of the 18 species of marine invertebrates ex-
amined from 11 oil spill sites, only soft-shell clams,
Mya arenaria, collected from two oil spill sites, Long
Cove, Searsport, and Harpswell Neck in Maine have
consistently shown neoplasms.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Oil pollution, 'Histologlcal tech-
niques, Aquatic biology, Animal diseases, Pathology,
Neoplasms, Coasts, Sampling, Maine, 'Mya arenarla,
Oil spills.
PB-295 816/3 PC A24/MF A01
Air Quality Data -1977 Annual Statistics, Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Sep 78, 560p EPA/450/2-78/040
See also report dated Nov 78, PB-294187.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1977. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometrlc Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, and total oxidants. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the oxidant standard and monitoring for hy-
drocarbons Is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Standards, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxidizers, Ozone, Particles,
States(United States), Tables(Data), *Air quality data,
Storage and retrieval of aerometric data, Air quality
control regions.
PB-295 818/9 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
The Environmental and Pollution Aspects of Coat
Slurry Pipelines. Final rept. Jul 76-Mar 78,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden.
R. R. Faddick. Mar 79,123p* EPA/600/2-79/067
Grant EPA-R-804614-01-0
With the anticipated increases in coal consumption in
the next decade, greater demands will be made on ex-
isting transportation systems to move to market the
abundant reserves of coal in the U.S. Conventional
transportation modes such as rail and barge will have
to expand their capabilities by overcoming whatever
shortages may exist in manpower, capital, and hard-
ware. Simultaneously, lesser known systems such as
coal in water (slurry) pipelines will have to share the
transportation load. With some half dozen coal slurry
pipelines being considered for construction within the
next five years pending eminent domain legislation, it
will be a matter of time before these lines are built. A
coal slurry pipeline system may impact the environ-
ment at three stages: design, construction, operation
and maintenance; and in three areas: slurry prepara-
tion, slurry piping and slurry separation. This work has
examined these environmental and pollution aspects
of coal slurry pipelines. Such an effort will enhance the
selection of better design, construction, and operation
techniques to provide a balance of engineering, eco-
nomics, and environmental considerations.
Keywords: 'Coal handling, 'Pipelines, 'Environmental
surveys, Slurries, Water resources, Cargo transporta-
tion, Design criteria, Economics, Substitutes, Dewater-
ing, Maintenance, Water pollution, Air pollution, Oper-
ations, Water quality, Air quality, 'Slurry pipelines,
Land pollution.
PB-295 819/7 PC A03/MF A01
Prediction of Photochemical Transformation of
Pollutants In the Aquatic Environment. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, and George L. Baughman. 1978,31 p
EPA/600/J-78/110
Pub. in Aquatic Pollutants, Transformation and Biologi-
cal Effects, P237-263 1978.
Discussion In this paper focuses on methods for pre-
diction of one Important transformation process, pho-
tolysis by the action of sunlight. Two general classes of
photochemical transformation are direct photolysis,
Initiated by direct absorption of light by the pollutant,
and Indirect or sensitized photolysis involving light ab-
sorption by natural 'photosensitizers.' At concentra-
tions normally encountered in natural waters, direct
photolysis is described by first order rate expressions.
Equations that employ solar irradiance, quantum
yields, and absorption spectra of pollutants are used to
predict photolysis rates as a function of time of day.
season, location, and water depth. Sensitized Pno;?''0
sis can proceed by a variety of mechanisms incl"a'"f
energy transfer, sensitizer-pollutant reaction, ana o*'
dation involving singlet oxygen or free radicals, necem
studies have indicated that singlet oxygen, a species
that rapidly oxidized certain pollutants such as Po|y''X
clic aromatics, is generated photochemically m a VB"
ety of natural waters.
Keywords: 'Photolysis, 'Water pollution, •Rfaction ki-
netics, 'Mathematical models, Absorption, 9^?°^'.
Photochemical reactions, Pesticides, Aromatic poh
clic hydrocarbons, Amines, Nitroso compounds,
of pollutants, Numerical solution, Reprints.
ath
PB-295 820/5 PC A02/MFA01
Nutrient-Uptake Model In Marsh Ecosystems.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. „
Lawrence A. Burns, and R. Bruce Taylor, III. 197S, *uv
EPA/600/J-79/012 . .....
Pub. in Jnl. of the Technical Councils of the American
Society of Civil Engineers 105(TC1), p177-196 Apr '»•
Mechanistic models of nutrient dynamics in natural
wetlands were developed and applied in a study ot £'»•
simmee River (Florida) flood-plain marshes, in"
models describe hydrodynamics and transport ainu
sion in wetland basins and the ecological process e su.
nutrient uptake, conversion to organic forms, ana r»
lease from the marsh to a receiving water body, rw
suits of computer simulations suggested that more
than 50 percent of dissolved phosphorus loading''
could be permanently captured by the marsh ecosy»
tern, at least up to a loading rate of 5 g/sqm/yr. ma"
dition, 80 to 90 percent of the phosphorus exporwy
from the marsh would be transformed from dlsspiv°"
to detrital forms and would therefore be relatively un
available to nuisance algae. The simulations suBB8"'
ed that consolidated peat would be laid down at a raw
of approximately 0.5 cm/yr, giving a useful life ot i"0
marsh of perhaps 50 to 1 00 years.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Marshes, 'Ecology, *A(W?!"
ic plants, 'Water pollution, Computerized simulation.
Kissimmee River, Flood plains, Algae, Peat, Environ
mental impacts, Flood control, Construction, Fiona".
Organic loading.
PB-295 821/3 PC A02/MF AOl
Development, Repllcablllty and Modeling of N«tu
rally Derived Microcosms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Donald L. Brockway, James Hill, IV, James R. . ,
Maudsley, and Ray R. Lassiter. 18 Feb 78, 12p EPA/
600/J-79/01 1 ....
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental StiM"8"'
v1 3(2) p149-158 1979.
Experiments with naturally derived, self-developing njjj
crocosms were performed to determine the coefticw'
of variation for dissolved nitrogen and phosphorQjw;
conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, pH, pnotofY"
thesis-to-respiration ratio, and final algal biomass. i "
replicate tanks in each of three treatments were setup
with 8 liters of standard reference water. Twenty ot tn»
tanks were flow-through and ten were static. coel',
cients of variation (CV) for any one sampling time joj
ten replicates ranged from 0 to 219 percent, but w
most parameters, the CV was consistently less than t"
percent. Methoxychlor was introduced into the micr'C
cosms after 73 days to obtain preliminary informaw? _
for further experiments and to test modeling tec"
niques. The methoxychlor disappeared rapidly an
produced no apparent effects on the study para"
eters.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, Dj*"
solved gases, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Conductive.
Carbon, Organic compounds, pH, Algae, PhotosyntnjT
sis, Biomass, Model tests, Tanks(containers), ov>-
Reprints, Microcosms.
PB-295 830/4 PC A09/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i"
angle Park, NC. to
Applicability of the Thermal DeNOx Process «°
Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Final rept. Sep 77-May78.'
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, f*1'
Government Research Labs.
670 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oj & Var9a, Jr., M. E. Tomsho, B. H, Ruterbories, G. J.
j»rnith, and W. Bartok. Mar 79, 1 9 1 p EPA/600/7-79/
Contract EPA-68-02-2649
s of this document are not fully legible.
ives a projection of the performance and
cnoi ?(xori Thermal DeNOx Process applied to
«iai-rired utility boilers. Eight units were selected, rep-
mo»h !V9 different boiler manufacturers, sizes, firing
am!* ' and. coal types- Thermal DeNOx perform-
mnrtii- ® Proiected both with and without combustion
mn?l , I0ns for all boilers at full load and at one or
wfirf s down to 50% Tnree NOx reduction targets
Stonrf11^?* ths Proposed New Source Performance
rim? ds (NSPS), reduction to about two-thirds of the
d 2« d NSPS' and the maximum practical NOx re-
IOBH TK hat could be achieved. All costs are for full
oRi, normal DeNOx was projected to be equally ap-
enroc • °,f a" boilers studied, despite significant dlffer-
m im VK lue 988 temperatures and flow paths. Maxi-
Sflljr, ermal DeNOx performance ranged from 50 to
12, tor the boilers studied. Costs ranged from 0.25 to
nWs/kWh, excluding preliminary engineering
HMO lir>nncinn rmmUinn A fi.ll nnnln ftf*rftr*nrtfrn .
«;:"• .""a "censing royalties. A full-scale demonstra-
reenn! Thermal DeNOx on a coal-fired utility boiler is
douirvlmencied' including investigation of potential
"wnstream effects of the process.
•Su?"18; *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
PerK' Amrnon|a, Coal, Flue gases, Cost estimates,
dewnrmance evaluation, Denitrification, Thermal
°8NOx process.
PCA07/MFA01
no tal Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Office
b-B^y Activities.
trio *S? urS* 49P* EPA/600/4-79/008A
artB, PB-295 854.
to thBh°~part document is intended to serve as a guide
Ca| com s associated with a broad range of chemi-
ous m P°unds wtlich may be encountered in hazard-
cmT. I als spills. The document addresses 655
l S 'dentified on the basis of known toxicity or
irS!toty and designated 'hazardous' by the U.S.
? mental Protection Agency. Part A of this docu-
sa™ty and first alcl reference for personnel
invoh/ 9 to SP|I|S of hazardous materials which may
satah, any of the chemicals addressed. It includes
8CrtoLconslc|erations, first aid procedures, and de-
nazan? , Protective equipment; a description of the
Ing of h a "9 system used in Part B; and a priority llst-
inos oJL ardous materials based on their hazard rat-
MS and reported spill frequency.
« 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical corn-
son' ,Manuals, Safety, First aid, Safety devices,
K k'1 'oxicity, Protective equipment, Dosage,
c health, 'Hazardous materials spills.
PB-295 854/4 PC A99/MF A01
Hazardous Materials Spill Monitoring: Safety
Handbook and Chemical Hazard Guide. Part B -
Chemical Data. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Llewellyn R. Williams, Eleftheria Calliga, and Robert
W. Thomas, Jan 79,674p* EPA/600/4-79/008B
See also Part A, PB-295 853.
This two-part document is intended to serve as a guide
to the hazards associated with a broad range of chemi-
cal compounds which may be encountered in hazard-
ous materials spills. The document addresses 655
chemicals identified on the basis of known toxicity or
spill history and designated 'hazardous' by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Part B of this docu-
ment is an Index of the 655 chemicals. Part B includes
a data sheet for each chemical showing its CAS
number, synonyms, and hazard priority number, and
giving information on hazards, safety measures, and
exposure. This part is provided in a form for loose-leaf
binding to facilitate addition, revision, and update as
new data become available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Manuals, Safety, Exposure, Toxicity, 'Haz-
ardous material spills.
PB-295 865/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigations of Selected Environmental Pollut-
ants: 1,2-Dlchloroethane. Final rept,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
John S. Drury, and Anna S. Hammons. Apr 79,182p*
ORNL/EIS-148, EPA/560/2-78/006
Contract W-7405-eng-26
This study is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review
of the health and environmental effects of 1,2-dlchlor-
oethane. Other pertinent aspects such as production,
use, methods of analysis, and regulatory restrictions
are also discussed. Approximately 250 references are
cited. 1,2-Dichloroethane is manufactured in greater
tonnage than any other chlorinated organic com-
pound; in 1977 nearly 5 million metric tons was synthe-
sized in the United States. It is used primarily as a raw
material In the production of vinyl chloride monomer
and a few other chlorinated organic compounds. The
environment is exposed to this chlorinated hydrocar-
bon primarily through manufacturing losses. Smaller
exposures occur through dispersive uses, such as
grain fumigations and application of paints and other
coatings, and through storage, distribution, and waste
disposal operations. Concentrations of 1,2-dichlor-
oethane in environmental air and water distant from
point sources are small-on the order of parts per bil-
lion or less. Concentrations in the environment near
point sources are unknown. 1,2-Dichloroethane is
toxic to humans, other vertebrates and invertebrates,
plants, and microorganisms. It is an established car-
cinogen in rats and mice exposed by oral intubation
and is a weak mutagen In some bacteria and certain
grains.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, Plants(Botany),
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Manufacturing, Sources, Monitoring, Air pollu-
tion, Carcinogens, Exposure, Cargo transportation, Mi-
croorganisms, Standards, Water pollution, Bioaccumu-
lation, Toxicity, Chemical analysis, Regulations,
'Ethane/dichloro, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollut-
ants, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plgnts), 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
etfects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenests, Tera-
togenesis.
PB-295 681/7 PC A03/MF A01
A Study of Radon-222 Released from Water
During Typical Household Activities. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. E. Partridge, T. R. Horton, and E. L. Sensintaffar.
Mar 79,33p ORP-EERF-79-1
Small quantities of radon-222 can be found In all
ground water from natural sources as a result of decay
of radium-226 both in water and the soils and soil
matrix surrounding the water. Radon in drinking water
has previously been considered a source of radiation
exposure primarily from an ingestion standpoint. How-
ever, the EPA, Office of Radiation Programs, is investi-
gating the potential for exposure to individuals from in-
halation of gaseous radon released from water. This
report descnbes the results of a study to determine the
fraction of radon released from water during typical
household activities such as clothes washing, dish-
washing, showering, etc., and estimates the potential
radon concentration in air and resulting working levels
in structures.
Keywords: "Radiation dosage, 'Households, Water
supply, Radon isotopes, washing machines, Dish-
washers, Sinks(Plumbing fixtures), Toilet facilities,
Washing, Baths, Temperature, Mathematical models,
Computer programs, Fortran, Runge-Kutta method,
'Radon 222, Domestic water demand, Showers.
PB-295 912/0 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Plan for Air Pollution Research In the Texas Gulf
Coast Area. Volume I. Plan for Air Quality Studies.
Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Gary Tannahill, Bryan Lambeth, David Balfour, David
Jones, and Joe Stuart. Apr 79,96p EPA/600/8-79/
008A
Contract EPA-68-02-2955
See also Volume 2, PB-295 913.
In response to Congressional mandates, the U. S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency will conduct an exten-
sive study of air pollution related problems in the Texas
Gulf Coast Area. As an initial effort, EPA awarded a
contract to review the existing technical information
and record the local viewpoint on air pollution prob-
lems in the area, define research needs, and design
experimental studies addressed to these needs. Re-
sults are presented in 5 volumes. Volume I describes
and discusses a research plan for air quality studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Research projects, Ozone,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Hy-
drocarbons, Coasts, Mexico Gulf, Urban areas, Subur-
ban areas, Aerosols, Texas, 'Houston(Texas), *Air
quality, Texas Gulf Coast(United States).
PB-295 913/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Plan for Air Pollution Research In the Texas Gulf
Coast Area. Volume II. Plan for Health Effects
Studies. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Donald E. Johnson, and R. John Prevost. Apr 79,61 p
EPA/600/8-79/008B
Contract EPA-68-02-2955
See also Volume 3, PB-295 914. Prepared by South-
west Research Inst, Houston, TX.
In the study reported here, a plan for air pollution re-
search was developed for the Texas Gulf Coast Area.
This report is Volume II of a five part series of reports
documenting that plan and is specifically directed at
presenting a plan for health effects studies. Available
aerometric, health effects, demographic, and meteoro-
loglc data as well as other inputs resulting from public
meetings were reviewed and considered in develop-
ment of the plan. Documentation begins with a general
assessment of area populations, air quality, and rele-
vant health effects. Questions are addressed which
must be answered in accomplishing a plan for health
effects studies. The plan begins with detailed discus-
sion of the general research needs of the area regard-
ing health effects and presents a set of hypotheses
which need to be addressed with specific studies. The
plan culminates with description of twelve types of
studies considered to be most useful in providing de-
finitive answers. Relative priorities, time sequencing,
and rough cost estimates are provided with the study
descriptions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Toxicity, Research projects,
Ozone, Aerosols, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Hy-
drocarbons, Coasts, Texas, Mexico Gull, Urban areas,
Suburbab areas, Rural areas. Physiological effects,
Humans, Public health, Demography, Meteorological
data, Epidemiology, 'Environmental health,
*Houslon(texas), Air pollution eftects(Humans),
Health risks, Air quality, Photochemical oxidants, Toxic
December 1983 671
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
substances, Participates, Texas Gulf Coast(Unitec)
States).
PB-295 914/6 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Plan for Air Pollution Research In the Texas Gulf
Coast Area. Volume III. Summary of Previous Air
Quality Studies and Data. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Bryan W. Lambeth, Barbara J. Maxey, and William P.
Stadia. Apr 79,303p EPA/600/8-79/008C
Contract EPA-68-02-2955
See also Volume 5, PB-295 915.
This document contains a summary of all available air
pollution related information concerning air pollution -
emissions, measurements, and meteorology - for the
Texas Gulf Coast Area (Houston area). Included is a
summary of major reports and studies covering air
quality in the Houston area, with conclusions and rec-
ommendations, as well as air pollution emissions data
summaries, air quality monitoring site information, air
quality data summaries, and additional meteorological
information. Finally, a bibliography with abstracts is
provided for the topics of emissions, monitoring, mete-
orology, and control, which are relevant to the Texas
Gulf Coast Study.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Ozone, Aerosols, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Hydrocarbons, Tables(Data),
Bibliographies, Abstracts, Coasts, Mexico Gulf, Urban
areas, Suburban areas, Rural areas, Texas,
•Houstonfjexas), *Air quality, Texas Gulf
CoastfUnited States).
PB-295 915/3 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Plan for Air Pollution Research In the Texas Quit
Coast Area. Volume V. Local Viewpoints on Re-
March Heads. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Bryan W. Lambeth, and Gary Tannahill. Apr 79,284p
EPA/600/8-79/008E
Contract EPA-68-02-2955
See also Volume 1, PB-295 912.
A public meeting was held in Houston to solicit infor-
mation and viewpoints on air pollution problems In the
Houston area and related research needs. This
volume presents the testimonies given by local techni-
cal experts, representatives of industrial organizations,
educational institutions, citizens groups, and private in-
dividuals. Testimonies given at Congressional hear-
ings pursuant to Section 403(d) of the 1977 Clean Air
Act are also presented as an appendix.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Public opinion, Research
projects, Requirements, Coasts, Mexico Gulf, Urban
areas, Suburban areas, Rural areas, Texas,
"HoustonfTexas), "Hearings, Texas Gulf Coast(United
States).
PB-295 928/6 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Environmental Monitoring Near Industrial Sites:
Acrylonltrlle. Final rept. Aug 77-Dec 78,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
John E. Going, Phil Kuykendaho, Sue Long, Joh
Onstot, and Ken Thomas. Dec 78,285p EPA/560/6-
79/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -4115
A sampling and analysis program was conducted to
determine the levels of acrylonitrile in air, water, soil,
and sediment around 11 industrial sites. The industrial
sites included acrylonitrile and acrylamide producers,
acrylic and modacrylic fiber producers, ABS and SAN
resin producers, and nitrile elastomer producers. Air
was collected at the perimeters of the industrial sites
as 24-composites using charcoal adsorption tubes.
Soil samples were collected at the air sampling sta-
tions. Grab water samples were collected upstream,
downstream, and, if possible, at plant discharges. Air
levels ranged from 0.1 to 325 microgram/cu m; water
levels ranged from nondetectable to 4,300 micro-
gram/ liter. No acrylanltrile was found In the soils or
sediments. The sample extracts were analyzed by gas
672 Vol. 83, No. 26
chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatogra-
phy/mass spectrometry.
Keywords: *Acrylonitriles, "Environmental surveys,
'Chemical industry, Monitoring, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Soil analysis, Sediments, Industrial wastes,
Sites, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Acry-
lamide copolymers, Acrylic fibers, Elastomers, Nitriles,
Plastics, ABS resin, Air pollution detection, Water pol-
lution detection, Air pollution sampling, Water pollution
sampling, Styrone acrylonitrile polymers.
PB-295 988/0 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. Terrestri-
al Ecology Branch.
Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Air Pol-
lutants on Soybean Plants. Final rept.,
Tuskegee Inst., AL.
P. K. Biswas. May 79, 76p EPA/600/3-79/058
Contract EPA-R-800170
The objective of this study was to determine the ef-
fects of NO2 and SO2 on soybeans which may cause
irreversible damage. The effects of N02 and S02 on
total protein, RNA, DNA and protein synthesis were
determined. Also, the effects of NO2 on alpha-amy-
lase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase and lipase were
studied.
Keywords: "Soybean plants, "Plant physiology, "Air
pollution, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Proteins,
Enzymes, Morpnology, Ribonucleic acids, Deoxyribon-
ucleic acids, Damage, Moisture content,
Leaves(Botany), Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-295 996-SET PC E16
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Compilation and Analysis of State Regulations for
S02, NOX, Opacity, Continuous Monitoring, and
Applicable Test Methods. Stationary Source En-
forcement Series.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul78,116§p-in4V
Set includes PB-295 997 thru PB-296 000.
No abstract available.
PB-295 997/1 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement
Compilation and Analysis of State Regulations for
S02, NOX, Opacity, Continuous Monitoring and
Applicable Test Methods. Stationary Source En-
forcement Series. Executive Summary. Final rept.,
1977,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
John R. Cline, Paul Stenburg. Keith Felts, Howard
Wright, and Louis Paley. Jul 78,23p* EPA/340/1-78/
009A
Contract EPA-68-01 -4146
See also Volume 1, PB-295 998.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-295 996-
SET.
Current copies of the air pollution control regulations of
all fifty states, three territories, and twelve local agen-
cies were reviewed for the purpose of compiling infor-
mation on emission standards, compliance test meth-
ods, and continuous emission monitoring, as applied
to existing stationary sources. Specific pollutants of in-
terest were opacity, SO2, NOx, and sulfur compounds
other than SO2. The intent of this review was to identi-
fy the assortment of types, formats, and exemptions
which prevail in existing SIP regulations for selected
sources and pollutants, thereby providing guidance to
EPA for writing future continuous emission monitoring
regulations. This report is not to be used as an all inclu-
sive reference document for such information. The
report is organized into a separate Executive Summary
and three volumes. The first volume contains an analy-
sis of state adopted emission standards for opacity,
SO2, NOx, malfunctions and scheduled maintenance,
and continuous monitoring regulations for existing sta-
tionary sources. Volume If provides a tabular summary
of key components of the applicable emission stand-
ards and regulations including source category, mini-
mum source capacity, averaging time of standard, ex-
emptions, etc. Volume III of the report contains the
complete text of the regulations cited.
Keywords: "Regulations, "State government, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Opacity, Monitoring, Tests,
Standards, Sources, Air pollution, Tables(Data), *Alf
pollution abatement, "Stationary sources.
PB-295 998/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IA/.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement. .
Compilation and Analysis of State Regulations for
SO2, NOX, Opacity, Continuous Monitoring, «?
Applicable Test Methods. Stationary Source in
forcement Series. Volume I. Final rept., 1977,
Engineering-Science, inc., McLean, VA.
John R. Cline, Paul Stenburg, Keith Felts, Howarp
Wright, and Louis Paley. Jul 78,147p* EPA/340/1-""
009B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4146 „
See also PB-295 997, and Volume 2, PB-295 999-
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-295 »w
Contents:
State-adopted emission standards for existing
stationary sources;
Opacity;
Sulfur dioxide (S02);
Nitrogen oxides;
Malfunctions and scheduled maintenance;
State-adopted continuous monitoring regulations
for existing stationary sources.
Keywords: "Regulations, "State government, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Monitoring, Opacity, iw"-
Air pollution, Air pollution control equipment, Spuro«5
Standards, Maintenance, Steam generators, P0™*,..
cements, Industrial wastes, Combustion proauc»i
Boilers, Sulfuric acid, Chemical industry, •AirpoBuw"
abatement, "Stationary sources.
PB-295 999/7 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IA*
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement. . ,
Compilation and Analysis of State Regulations TOT
SO2, NOX, Opacity, Continuous Monitoring, •""
Applicable Test Methods. Stationary Source En-
forcement Series. Volume II. Final rept., 1977,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
John R. Cline, Paul Stenburg, Keith Felts, Howard
Wright, and Louis Paley. Jul 78,244p* EPA/340/1-'0'
009C
Contract EPA-68-01-4146 „ OB
See also Volume 1, PB-295 998, and Volume 3, ro-
296000.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E116,
996-SET.
Contents:
State-adopted opacity regulations for existing
sources;
State-adopted SO2 regulations for existing
sources;
State-adopted NOx regulations for existing
sources;
State-adopted regulations for sulfur compounds
(other than SO2) from existing sources.
Keywords: "Regulations, "State government, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Monitoring, Tables(Daia;.
Tests, Opacity, Standards, Air pollution, Sources, *"
pollution abatement, "Stationary sources.
PB-296 000/3 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, U«-
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement. - ,
Compilation and Analysis of State Regulations tor
SO2, NOX, Opacity, Continuous Monitoring, *"°
Applicable Test Methods. Stationary Source en •
forcement Series. Volume III. Final rept., 1977,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
John R. Cline, Paul Stenburg, Keith Felts, Howard F.
Wright, and Louis Paley. Jul 78, 754p" EPA/340/1-'8'
0091)
Contract EPA-68-01-4146
See also Volume 2, PB-295 999. ...
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-295 99"'
SET.
Current copies of the air pollution control regulations of
all fifty states, three territories, and twelve local age".*
cies were reviewed for the purpose of compiling lf"°£
mation on emission standards, compliance test meijr
ods, and continuous emission monitoring as appliedw
existing stationary sources. Specific pollutants of InWJ"
est were opacity, SO2, NOx, and sulfur compounds
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'tlan S°2- T°P>cs discussed in this volume in-
the following: Excerpts of relevant state regula-
cemi' excerPts of relevant local regulations; and ex-
SJ1™ °> state/local provisions tor malfunctions and
"orieduled maintenance.
: 'Regulations, 'State government, Sulfur
e, Nitrogen oxides. Monitoring, Air pollution,
*>urces, Standards, Maintenance, Tests, Industrial
sh»i ' Combustion products, Opacity, *Air pollution
""•lament, 'Stationary sources.
&J?*6 067/2 PC A06/MF A01
p'v'^nrnental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Hi •Office 0< Air Quality Planning and Standards.
2:™:!!to»/Roek Quarries - Mapping of Oregon
Located within 10 Miles of Serpentlnlte
. Final rept.,
.uZ-T"1 Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
7a/,J4 Gray, J. Beaulieu, and Madhav B. Ranade. Feb
'», 117p RTl-1603-11-01F. EPA/450/3-79/002
(V,1 ' "H n i i-ioua-11-UlF, EPA/450/3-79/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
G^i ln cooperation with Oregon State Dept. of
»«oiogyand Mineral Industries, Portland.
lisK£?[?phical maps of serpentinite outcrops and pub-
stem a and reports were used to map 650 crushed
-*•"• .quarries located within 10 miles of known ser-
jr*"»™e deposits. Based on field reports 24 quarries
erai; ,dloated as potentially bearing asbestiform min-
Dmk'i? add'tion, 29 other quarries were indicated as
Doable asbestiform bearing.
^.—"us: "Mines(Excavations), 'Serpentinite, *As-
VB«» V cks' Serpentine, Quarrying, Geological sur-
•fSS- Topographic surveys, Topographical maps,
'«ws(Data), Oregon.
070/6 PC A06/MF A01
ParkTSP6"**1 Protection Agency, Research Triangle
TIM.M Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
nau of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Vegeta-
*f Utter and Aquatic Surfaces, and Devel-
of a Methodology for Compiling Blogenlc
Inventories. Final rept.,
on Stele Univ., Pullman.
. Zimmerman. Fob 79,112p EPA/450/4-79/
Irio "P0"- outlines a general methodology for estimat-
(v8ve.m'ssion rates of volatile organic compounds
Ljf-J from vegetation, soil/leaf litter, and surfaces of
biogenic
*n OV9r anw a™8- Emission factors are pre-
rnaK .'or broad classes of vegetation and for the
irn/B • ^ refli°ns in the conterminous U.S. Emission
tactnl ^ Procedures are illustrated by using emission
invBrv? develop an example annual VOC emission
.•sntory for the U.S. This nationwide emission inven-
JJ*Y wxlicates that most biogenic VOC emissions can
v,L?*Pected during the summer months. In general,
(JJWation emits much larger quantities of VOC than
JJJ"« either leaf litter or water surfaces. Isoprene and
errS8 terPenes comprise the bulk of all vegetation
s: 'Hydrocarbons, *Air pollution, Inventories,
i°8«tation, Surface waters, Soils, Plants(Botany),
s(Bptany), Organic compounds, Isoprene, Ter-
. Field tests, Laboratory equipment, Sampling,
"
, , ,
poK?*8' Wind(Meteorology), Emission factors, "Air
p*v2«6 085/4 PC A05/MF A01
pJl'ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
&IZ1 NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
of Vapor Leaks and Development of
Procedures tor Gasoline Tank Trucks
vides the support information for the Office of Air Qual-
ity Planning and Standards guideline series document
entitled 'Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks
from Gasoline tank trucks and Vapor Collection Sys-
tems,1 PB-290 568, December 1978.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Organic com-
pounds, 'Tank trucks, 'Regulations, 'Monitoring, Cost
nnnltieio 1 aabo V/Arwe f^aer*tlr\a f**np/iA «»>*•**.•«*.•»..
nvironmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Norton. Apr 79, 98p EPA/450/3-79/018
report dated Dec 78, PB-290 568.
w™.* technical document provides information on con-
. techniques, monitoring procedures and costs for
Gasoline tank trucks and vapor piping in
' conditions. The leak sources and evalua-
nnrent low cost and quick monitoring and test
""ocedures are also discussed. This document pro-
pUUIIUS, I ai in u ui^no, I ivTuuiauui lo, IVIUI muring, VXJol
analysis, Leaks, Vapors, Gasoline, Cargo transporta-
tion, Tests, Maintenance, Equipment, Piping systems,
'Fugitive emissions, Service stations, Procedures.
PB-296 089/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Emissions from Bread Pro-
ducing Operations,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Ralph M. Keller. Dec 78, 53p EPA/450/4-79/001
Contract EPA-6B-02-2524
A laboratory testing program is described wherein eth-
anol emissions were measured from the various oper-
ations involved in bread production. The approach in-
volved monitoring, via a flame ionization detector, eth-
anol given off during the mixing, rising, and baking
steps in the making of bread. Both the straight-dough
and sponge-dough processes were evaluated. Emis-
sion factors are developed in terms of quanitity of eth-
anol emitted per quantity of bread produced. No tests
were made at an actual bakery to confirm the emission
factors determined in these laboratory tests; however,
the values determined compare reasonably well with
theoretically determined values.
Keywords: 'Bread, 'Ethanol, 'Gas analysis, Bakery
products. Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Chemical
analysis, Laboratory equipment, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Flame ionization detectors, Emission factors, Pro-
cedures.
PB-296 09S/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Lagranglan Approach to Modeling Air Pollutant
Dispersion: Development and Testing In the Vicin-
ity of a Roadway. Final rept. Mar-Sep 78,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. G. Lamb, H. Hogo, and L. E. Reid. Apr 79,117p
EPA/600/4-79/023
Contract EPA-68-02-2733
A microscale roadway dispersion model based on La-
grangian diffusion theory has been developed and
tested. The model incorporates similarity expressions
for the mean wind and turbulence energy in the atmos-
pheric boundary layer, through which the effects of
wind shear and atmospheric stability are taken into ac-
count, and a parameterization of vehicle wake turbu-
lence. Through simple modifications, the model can be
structed to treat particle settling, deposition, and resu-
spension, as well as buoyancy of the effluent material.
Calm winds, winds parallel to the roadway, flows
around depressed or elevated roadways, shallow
mixed layers, and transient of spatially variable mete-
orological conditions can all be explicity taken into ac-
count within the framework of the modeling approach.
The model was tested by applying it to the 30-minute
experimental periods reported in the General Motors
suifate study. Of the 1040 predicted values of the
mean concentration of an inert material (SF6), half
were found to be within +30 percent of the measured
values. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.91.
The computer time (but not core storage) required by
the model is directly proportional to the distance be-
tween the farthest receptor and the road. For the stud-
ies reported the model requires on the average 20 sec-
onds of CPU time on the CDC 7600 to simulate each of
the 30-minute General Motors experiments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution,. Atmospheric diffusion,
Roads, Air flow, Sulfur hexafluoride, Mathematical
models, Performance evaluation, Computer program-
ming, Fortran, 'Atmospheric dispersion, Lagrange co-
ordinates, Nonpoint sources, Two dimensional calcu-
lations, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB-296 135/7 PC A10/MF A01
Kraft Pulping - Control of TRS Emissions from Ex-
isting Mills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 79, 212p EPA/450/2-78/003B, OAQPS-1 /2-091 -
B
See also report dated Jan 78, P8-278135.
Guidelines to aid the State in their preparation of plans
for the control of emissions of total reduced sulfur
(TRS) from existing kraft pulp mills are being published
under the authority of section 111 (d) of the Clean Air
Act. TRS emissions from kraft pulp mills are extremely
odorous, and there are numerous instances of poorly
controlled mills creating public odor problems. Adop-
tion of these emission guidelines by the States would
result in an overall reduction of about 80 percent in na-
tionwide TRS emissions from kraft pulp mills.
Keywords: *Pulp mills, 'Air pollution control, Guide-
lines, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Reduction(Chemislry), Odor control, Public
health. Environmental impacts, Paper industry, Hydro-
gen sulfide, 'Sulfur compounds, Stationary sources,
Dimethyl disulfide, Methyl sulfides, Methyl mercaptan.
PB-296 137/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Fugitive Dust Emission Study for the City of Albu-
querque. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
A. L Wilson. Feb 79, 29p EPA/906/9-79/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2537
This study involved an emission inventory for fugitive
dust sources in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Areas with
a one mile radius were inventoried for five non-attain-
ing participate monitoring sites, with each site the
center of the circle. Emissions from point sources
within these areas were also included. Fugitive dust
from unpaved roads and re-entrained dust from paved
roads were the two primary contributors to air quality
violations. The Air Quality Display Model (AQDM) was
used to predict paniculate concentrations and calcu-
late the relative contribution of each point and area
source.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dust, Roads, Mathematical
models, New Mexico, *Albuquerque(New Mexico), Fu-
gitive emissions, Fugitive dust, Point sources, Berna-
lille County(New Mexico), Air quality display models,
Nonpoint sources, Environmental monitoring.
PB-296 141/5 PC A15/MF A01
User's Manual for the Dynamic (Potomac) Estuary
Model. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Stephen E. Roesch, Leo J. Clark, and Molly M. Bray.
Jan 79, 326p EPA/903/9-79/001, TR-63
The Annapolis Field Office (AFO) of the Environmental
Protection Agency has been actively engaged in the
mathematical modeling of the Potomac Estuary since
the 1960's. During the past several years, the Potomac
water quality model has undergone considerable revi-
sion and expansion. This report is the first in a series of
reports documenting the Potomac modeling efforts at
AFO. While the model presented in this report has
been adapted to the Potomac Estuary, it is by no
means unique to that body of water This report dis-
cusses the basic principles and theories underlying the
Dynamic Potomac Estuary Model. A description of the
water quality interactions modeled in the Potomac are
also presented.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Potomac River Estuary,
Mathematical models, Manuals, Hydraulic models,
Channel improvements, Regression analysis, Comput-
er programs, Subroutines, Flow charting, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Photosynthesis, Algae, Nitrification,
Respiration, DYNHYD computer program, REGAN
computer program, DYNQUAL computer program.
PB-296 149/8 PC A03/MF A01
Considerations for Control of Radiation Expo-
sure* to Personnel from Shipments of Radioac-
tive Material* on Passenger Aircraft.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Dec 74,44pOHP/TAD-74/1
It is the purpose of this report to consider radiation pro-
tection factors for shipment of radioactive materials on
aircraft and to provide recommendations for the radio-
December 1983 673
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
logical protection of passengers. The analysis consid-
ers costs and effectiveness of various protection
measures in order that the most efficacious balance
can be gained between the medical benefits of these
materials and exposure of the air-traveling public.
Keywords: 'Radiation protection, * Passenger aircraft,
Radiation dosage, Benefit cost analysis. Radioactive
materials, Shipping containers, Hazardous materials
transportation.
PB-296 153/0 PC A06/MF A01
Determination of Radium Removal Efficiencies In
Illinois Water Supply Treatment Processes. Tech-
nical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Dorothy L, Bennett, Charles R. Bell, and Ira M.
Markwood. May 76,121pORP/TAD-76/2
Errata sheet inserted.
Five water supplies, which were known to have
radium-226 in the raw water (ranging from 3.3 to 14.7
pCi/l) and which have existing water softening equip-
ment, were chosen to determine the efficiency of
radium removal. Plants using ion exchange and lime
water softening processes were investigated. At the
plants using ion exchange softening, samples of raw,
aerated, and softened water were collected, analyzed
for radium-226 and mineral content, and the radium re-
moval efficiency was calculated. At the plants using
lime softening, samples of raw and filtered water were
analyzed. All plants were operated in a normal manner
during sampling. In general, the ion exchange soften-
ing removed the radium-226 more efficiently with 70.2
to 98.2% being removed as compared to 70 to 92%
for lime softening. Although the removal efficiency was
somewhat lower using lime softening, it was more con-
sistent since the problem of breakthrough at the end of
a softener run was not experienced and little or no
blend water is required to produce a stable product.
Keywords: 'Water treatment. Radium, Radiation de-
contamination, Ion exchanging, Water softening, Lime-
soda ash process, Efficiency, Natural radioactivity,
•Radium 226.
PB-296 184/7 PC A03/MF A01
Available Methods of Solidification for Low-Level
Radioactive Wastes In the United States. Techni-
cal note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, 'DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
William F. Holcomb, and Stephen M. Goldberg, Dec
76,49pORP/TAD-76/4
This paper reviews the numerous solidification sys-
tems and related matrix materials that are presently
being offered, or proposed, to the commercial nuclear
power industry. Included, where possible, is the nature
of how these materials and/or systems are affected by
the physical, chemical, and radiolytic characteristics of
the treated radioactive waste materials. Key features
of the equipment used in individual solidification proc-
esses are discussed in order to clarify the relative util-
ity of these processes for either power plant or fuel
cycle application.
Keywords: 'Radioactive waste processing, Solidifica-
tion, Cements, Urea, Formaldehyde, Bitumens, Clays,
'Low-level radioactive wastes, Radioactive waste
management.
PB-296 199/3 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program, Supplement Number 7.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Dec 78,68p EPA/MCD-02.7
See also Supplement no. 6 dated Jun 78, PB-290 177.
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives after the Manual of References
(MCO-02) was published. This represents the seventh
in a series of Program Requirements Memoranda.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, Manuals, Handbooks, Policies, Regulations,
Industrial plants, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-296 200/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Impact of Nonpolnt Pollution Control on Western
Lake Superior. Red Clay Project-Summary. Final
rept. May 74-Dec 78,
Douglas County Soil and Water Conservation District,
Superior, Wl.
Stephen C. Andrews, and Donald S. Houtman. Jan 79,
36p EPA/905/9-79/002
Grant EPA-G-005140-01
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-255 293.
The Red Clay Project was a sediment erosion control
demonstration project in the red clay area of Minneso-
ta and Wisconsin. The counties of Douglas, Ashland,
Bayfietd and Iron in Wisconsin and Carlton county in
Minnesota all participated in this activity. Many land
management practices were installed and evaluated to
see what soil erosion and related pollutants could be
reduced from entering the surface waters of the Great
Lakes basin. Institutional and educational techniques
wore also implemented and evaluated to see what
methods would be most effective for controlling pollu-
tion from rural nonpoint sources.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution
abatement, Cost analysis, Project planning, Clay soils,
Runoff, Nutrients, Slopes, Soil stabilization, vegeta-
tion, Turbidity, Sedimentation, Shores, Roads, Moni-
toring, Rainfall, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Social effect,
Institutional framework, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 202/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Calculations and Coding of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds (VOC) Source Emissions In New Hamp-
shire. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Stephen Harvey, and Mark Bornstein. May 79,40p
GCA-TR-79-02-G, EPA/901/9-79/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
An inventory of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions in the State of New Hampshire was com-
plete. All stationary point sources for hydrocarbon
emissions were identified and their actual and poten-
tial emission levels for emissions were made for 1982.
Reasonable Available Control Technology (RACT)
regulations were applied to industries subject to these
requirements and the resulting reduction in VOC emis-
sions 1982 calculated. Projections for controlled
actual emissions were then determined for industrial
categories for the year 1982, 1987, 1990, and 1995.
An error analysis was made to establish the level of re-
liability of the data.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'New Hampshire,
Hydrocarbons, Regulations, Forecasting, Air pollution,
Sources, Error analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Inventories, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Stationary sources, Point
sources, *Air pollution abatement.
PB-296 241/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Volatile Organic Compound Control Strategy De-
velopment for Pulaakl County, Arkansas. Final
rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Vienna, VA.
John Dadiani. Apr 79,98p EPA/906/9-79/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2541
The report presents a control strategy for attainment of
the national standard for photochemical oxidants of
.08 ppm. Emission reductions of volatile organic com-
pounds achievable by 1982 are estimated fay applica-
tion of reasonably available control technology
(RACT), Stage I vapor recovery, and the Federal Motor
Vehicle Control Program (FMVCP). Several scenarios
for the modified rollback model are used to determine
required emission reductions. Linear rollback pro-
duces the largest percent reduction required. Reduc-
tions by applying the above control measures are
shown to be insufficient for demonstrating attainment
by 1982.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Regulations, Air pol-
lution, Oxidizers, Standards, Exhaust emissions, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Forecasting,
Sources, Arkansas, 'Pulaski County(Arkansas), 'Air
pollution abatement, 'Air quality, State implementation
plans, Stationary sources.
PB-296 251 /2 PC A02/MF A01
Record of Decision: Jackson Wastewater Treat'
merit System, Town of Jackson, Wyoming. Final
environmental impact statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Weston W. Wilson. 20 Apr 79, 24p EPA/908/5-79/
001C
See also report dated 12 Feb 79, PB-295 502.
This is a record of the decision for proposed construc-
tion of additional wastewater treatment facilities a'
Jackson Hole, within Teton County, Wyoming. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region
VIII, is authorized to grant 75 percent matching funds
for construction costs of designated wastewater treat-
ment facilities. Sewage discharges as a result of area
growth and development together with non-point
source runoff have degraded the water quality of Flat
Creek. Therefore, additional sewage treatment facili-
ties are needed to meet water quality goals. The ap-
proved action is to construct aerated lagoons followed
by rapid infiltration basins 4 miles downstream of the
existing plant. The new facility will enhance develop-
ment in the undeveloped South Park area. Ground-
water monitoring will be required.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution, "Flat Creek, Lagoons(Ponds), Con-
struction, Infiltration, Percolation, Environmental
impact statements, Irrigation, Oxidation, Ditches, Cost
effectiveness, Financing, Decision making, Stabiliza-
tion, Ground water, Monitoring, Wyoming, Sewage irri-
gation, 'Nonpoint sources, Jackson Hole(Wyoming).
PB-296 266/0 PC A12/MF A01
The Aerometrlc and Emissions Reporting System
(AEROS) Manual Series. Volume II. AEROS User's
Manual. Update Number 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 79,264p EPA/450/2-76/029-2, OAQPS-1.2-039-
2
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-273 391, PB-258
154,andPB-201408.
This publication replaces the previous draft of Volume
II, dated December, 1976. The information contained
in APTD-0663, Users Manual: SAROAD (Storage and
Retrieval of Aerometric Data), and APTD-1135, Quid*
for Compiling a Comprehensive Emission Inventory, is
also covered in this volume, and this volume contains
the more current information. The procedures covered
in this manual are subject to continual update and revi-
sion, as noted in Chapters 0.1 and 1.0 of this volume-
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Man-
uals, Hazardous materials, Trace elements, Sources,
Data acquisition, Data processing, 'Aerometric and
emissions reporting system, Air quality data, National
emissions data system, Point sources, AEROS
system, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB-296 272/8 PC A09/MF A01
Mobile Source Emission Factors for Low-Altitude
Areas Only. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Mar 78, 200p EPA/400/9-78/006
See also PB-296 273.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This document officially revises previous mobile
source emission factors which were presented in Sup1
element No. 5 to AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emission Factors (December, 1975). This document
does not revise all information in Supplement No. 5.1"
particular, updated factors are not included for light-
duty diesel automobiles, light-duty diesel trucks, off-
road sources, or aircraft; nor is any information includ-
ed on participates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
Sources, Automobiles, Trucks, Gasoline, Diesel en-
gines, Motorcycles, Standards, Carbon monoxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, 'Emission factors, 'Light duty vehicles.
674 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J£-286 273/6 PC A04/MF A01
wivatlon of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emission
f£S*' A,PP«ndl* E to Mobile Source Emission
?ctors. Final rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
war 78, 59p
See also PB-296 272.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
2)j? appendix contains information on 'Derivation of
Motor Vehicles Exhaust Emission Rates.' It is one of
dices from Mobile Source Emission Fac-
2)l but was n0t included at tlme of pub"
** .
««y vehi
: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Auto-
Nitrogen oxides, Forecasting, Standards,
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Trucks, Gasoline,
es, Motorcycles, "Emission factors, "Light
s. Heavy duty vehicles, High attitude.
!*•»» 283/5 PC A03/MF A01
gjwonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jm
f\Ul --••—• >tw r i wrouuwil ^ywiiujf) *vam in i^t\J», wv^i
J2;ipe of Solid Waste Management Programs.
r£)»rdous wast* Management Seminar Proceed-
»?• ™jw at Harrlsburg, Pennsylvania on January
;*i 1*78.
Ph£n8ylvanla Environmental Council, Inc., Philadel-
Si8, Pennsylvania Environmental Council, Inc. held a
dn*» to dl*cuss what the State of Pennsylvania must
"o w comply with the Resource Conservation and Re-
h«.^ Aot 0< 1976- Speakers discussed problems of
evTJ r ?OU8 Wa8t« disposal in the Keystone State, the
*««» ,,?' ttte state Program to control hazardous
C 5e,di8POsal, and the Federal provisions of Subtitle
~ °| me Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
*n to effectively bring the State into compli-
zatlo requirements for State program authori-
: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
,ania' 'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Manage-
|ar|ning, Regulations, State government, Fore-
, solid waste disposal, Earth fills,
HWonsfPonds), Liquid wastes, Ocean waste dispos-
1 Mesource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PC A06/MF A01
froVJ^?ry 0< Radioactivity Released In Effluents
gom Nuclear Power Plants from 1972 thru 1975,
rm£5 w Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
j°i°9y Assessment Div
u "*"" Phillips, James Gruhlke, and Gary A. Gaul.
™ay 77, 122p EPA/520/3-77/006
diofJv 'ne "rst in a series of annual summaries of ra-
^active waste being released from, or shipped off-
reiv?' nucl.ear power plants in the United States. The
rerSr. Provi ar)d includes only those isotopes of en-
fA2"m,ental and radiological significance. All of the in-
Plam n in this reP°rt was te*en from the individual
„""! semi-annual or annual operating reports filed by
re?Ponsible utility with the Nuclear Regulatory
unless otherwise noted.
'Nuclear power plants, Radioactive
Airborne wastes, Liquids, Solids, Aerosols,
, "Radioactive effluents, Radioactive aer-
e8 MO/0 PC A04/MF A01
,™ironrnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
y™2e of Toxic Substances.
N.r'Si'y of Polybromlnated Blphenyls (PBBs)
^?r.sit«» of Manufacture and Use In Nortneast-
g" New Jersey. Final rept. May 77-Dec 77,
vlte r2nmental Science and Engineering, Inc.. Gaines-
™i '
L. Stratton, and Stuart A. Whttlock. 15 Feb 79,
Comrf ~023' EPA/560/13-79/002
A field screening survey was conducted to determine if
polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are present in the
environment near three industrial sites where these
materials have been manufactured or used in product
formulations. The sites surveyed are located in indus-
trial areas of northeastern New Jersey and Staten
Island, New York. PBBs were detected at all three
sites chosen for this screening survey. The highest
levels of PBBs detected were 9.8 microgram/l in
waters, 60 ppb in aquatic sediments, 4.6 ppm in soils,
230 ppb in fish tissue, 92 ppm accumulated on marsh
vegetation, and 431 ppm in a sludge deposit. Air sam-
ples contained traces of hexa-bromobiphenyl. Human
hair samples contained up to 310 ppm of PBB in ex-
tractable oil. There is conclusive evidence of either
past or ongoing waste water-borne discharge of PBBs
at all three locations and indirect evidence of airborne
discharges of PBBs at two of the locations. The pres-
ence of PBBs in human hair oils is an indication of pos-
sible human exposure to this class of substances in
the areas surveyed.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Industrial
wastes, "Chemical industry, Field tests, New York,
Manufacturing, Air pollution, Water pollution, Bromine
organic compounds, Fire retardants,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Extrac-
tion, Soils, Hair, Sediments, Tissue(Biology), New
Jersey, "Polybrominated biphenyls, "Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Water pollution sampling, Staten Island, Bl-
phenyl/bromo.
PB-296 377/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Assessment of the Use of Selected Replacement
Fluids for PCBS In Electrical Equipment. Final
rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Robert A. Westln." Mar 79,109p 474-6D, EPA/560/6-
77/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
SeealsoPB-252012.
This report summarizes the required physical and elec-
trical properties of liquids used as dielectric and cool-
ing fluids in transformers, electromagnets, electric
motors, and capacitors. Prior to 1977, PCBs were
widely used in all of these applications and provided
excellent fire safety. The use of PCBs was banned by
the Toxic Substances Control Act. The new materials
that were developed as substitutes for PCBs in these
applications are discussed in light of the required prop-
erties and the performance trade-offs that resulted
from their use.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Chlorine organic
compounds, Transformers, Heat transfer, Substitutes,
Cost analysis, Maintenance, Electromagnets, Electric
motors, Capacitors, Dielectric properties, Phthalic
acids, Fire safety, Assessments, Manufacturing, Toxic-
ity, "Environmental chemical substitutes, "Poiychlori-
nated biphenyls, Biphenyl/perchloro, Biphenyl/isopro-
pyl, Ether/butyl-chloro-diphenyl, Xylylethane/phenyl.
PB-296 390/8 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emission Assessment of Conventional Stationary
Combustion Systems; Volume II. Internal Com-
bustion Sources. Final rept. Sep 76-Jan 79,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. C. Shin, J. W. Hammersma, D. G. Ackerman, R. G.
Beimer, and M. L. Kraft. Feb 79,239p EPA/600/7-79/
029C
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also report dated Jan 79.
Emissions from gas- and oil-fueled gas turbines and
reciprocating engines for electricity generation and in-
dustrial applications are assessed in this report. The
assessment method involved a critical examination of
existing emissions data, followed by trie conduct of a
measurement program to fill data gaps based on a
phased sampling and analysis strategy. In the first
phase of the measurement program, one gas-fueled
gas turbine, five distillate-oil fueled gas turbines, and
five diesel engines were selected for testing. Evalua-
tion of test results led to the recommendation for addi-
tional tests'to determine SOS and organic emissions
from diesel engines which were subsequently conduct-
ed at three of the diesel engine sites previously tested.
The results of the emissions assessment indicate that
Internal combustion sources contribute significantly to
the national emissions burden. The source severity
factor, defined as the ratio of the calculated maximum
the level at which a potential environmental hazard
exists, was used to identify pollutants of environmental
concern.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Internal combustion en-
gines, "Gas turbine engines, "Diesel engines, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur tnox-
ide, Organic compounds, Reciprocating engines,
Measurement.
PB-296 399/9 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Air Pollution Control Compliance Analysis Report
on Coal-Fired Industrial Boilers. Final rept. May-
Dec 76,
York Research Corp., Stamford, CT.
Michael P. Dowling, Andrew H. Williams, and Howard
Wright. 27 Dec 76,244p EPA/340/1-79/005
Contracts EPA-68-01-3161, EPA-68-01-4138
Although each of the EPA regional offices has primary
responsibility for implementation of the Administrator's
Federal enforcement policy, the Division of Stationary
Source Enforcement Is able to provide uniform guid-
ance to the regional office personnel Involved In Fed-
eral enforcement activities by maintaining a national
overview of the compliance status of air pollution
sources. In order to supplement the information com-
piled on coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIB), a compre-
hensive study was conducted by York Research Cor-
poration. Specific tasks were the location and identifi-
cation on a state-by-state basis of all existing CFIB of
heat Input capacity of 35MM BTU/hr or greater. Basic
operating data, fuel specifications and consumption,
air pollution emission data, and current compliance
schedule were compiled for each facility. The report
contains the results of the contractor's efforts between
May and December, 1976, toward the development of
a nationwide air pollution control compliance profile
and inventory for this important source category.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Boilers, Standards, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Tables(Data), Regu-
lations, "Air pollution abatement, State Implementa-
tion Plans, New source performance standards.
PB-296 418/7 PC A15/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for Maryland and Dela-
ware, Water Year 197B. Annual rept. 1 Oct 77-30
Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Towson, MD. Water Resources
Div,
Apr 79,328p USGS/WRD/HD-79/015, USGS/WDR/
MD/DE-78/1
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland State Highway
Administration, Baltimore, and Maryland Dept. of
Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore. Sponsored in
part by Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC., and En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Quality. See also report for Water Year
1977.PB-283561.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Mary-
land and Delaware consist of records of stage, dis-
charge, and water quality of streams; stage and con-
tents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground-water wells. This volume con-
tains records for water discharge at 102 gaging sta-
tions; stage and contents at 1 reservoir; water quality
at 52 gaging stations and 72 wells; and water levels at
28 observation wells. Also included are data for 17
crest-stage, 86 low-flow, and 4 tidal crest-stage partial-
record stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites not involved in the systematic data-col-
lection program and are published as miscellaneous
measurements. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S.
Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and
Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Mary-
land, "Delaware, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, Tables(Data), "Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
December 1983 675
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-296 419/5 PC A23/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1978. Volume 1. New York Excluding Long Island.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
Apr 79,534p USGS/WRD/HD-79/011, USGS/WDR/
NY-78/1
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Environmental Conservation, Albany, and New York
State Dept. of Transportation, Albany. Sponsored in
part by Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC., and Soil
Conservation Service, Washington, DC. See also
Volume 2. PB-296 420, and report for Water Year
1977, Volume 1, PB-287 188.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; water quality of precipitation;
and water levels and water quality of ground-water
wells. This volume contains records for water dis-
charge at 188 gaging stations; stage only at 22 gaging
stations; stage and contents at 21 lakes and reser-
voirs; water quality at 67 gaging stations, 10 precipita-
tion stations, and 10 wells; and water levels at 44 ob-
servation wells. Also included are data for 144 crest-
stage, 20 low-flow, and 7 water-quality partial-record
stations. Additional water data were collected at var-
ious sites not involved in the systematic data-collec-
tion program and are published as miscellaneous
measurements and analyses. These data together
with the data in Volume 2 represent that part of the Na-
tional Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geo-
logical Survey in cooperation with State, Federal, and
other agencies in New York.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, *New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB-296 426/0 PC A15/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for South Dakota, Water
Year 1978. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 77-30
Sep 78,
Geological Survey, Huron, SD. Water Resources Div.
Mar 79,327p USGS/WRD/HD-79/013, USGS/WDR/
SD-78/1
Sponsored in part by Fish and Wildlife Service, Wash-
ington, DC., Bureau of Reclamation, Huron, SD., Corps
of Engineers, Washington, DC., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. See also report
for Water Year 1977, PB-281 757.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for
South Dakota consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells. This report contains discharge records for 103
gaging stations; stage and contents for 9 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 25 gaging stations and 62
wells; and water levels for 16 observation wells. Also
included are 101 crest-stage partial-record stations.
Additional water data were collected at various sites,
not part of the systematic data-collection program, and
are published as miscellaneous measurements and
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in
South Dakota.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Dakota, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB-296 452/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Sludge Exportation Study,
Los Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Project, Whittier, CA.
Clement Mesavage, Jr., and Mingin P. Lo. Aug 78,
104p
Grant EPA-C-06-1042-010
Report on LA/OMA Project. Sponsored in part by Cali-
fornia State Water Resources Control Board, Sacra-
mento., and Los Angeles County Sanitation District,
CA.
The LA/OMA Project is to develop a long-term plan,
including an implementation strategy to re-use or dis-
pose of residual solids resulting from industrial and
municipal wastewater treatment in the Los Angeles-
Orange County metropolitan area. This report presents
a reconnaissance level study that was made of the
technical and institutional aspects of the maritime in-
dustry as that would bear upon the implementation of a
sludge exportation system. Use of sludge in foreign
countries is not included in the report as it was felt that
any technological and institutional problems associat-
ed with the maritime industry would need to be first re-
solved.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Cargo transportation,
'Solid waste disposal, Feasibility, Capitalized costs,
Cost analysis, Substitutes, Forecasting, Tanker ships,
Operating costs, Air pollution, Technology, Cleaning,
International trade, LA/OMA project.
PB-296 466/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analysis for Polybromlnated Blphenyls (PBBs) In
Environmental Samples. Research request no. 3
(Final) Apr 78-Apr 79,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
Charles L. Stratton, John J. Mousa, and Joan T.
Bursey. Mar 79,121p EPA/560/13-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01-3248
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Ninety-eight environmental samples consisting of fish,
sediment, soils, and vegetation, were analyzed by gas
chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) tech-
niques for hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, and decabromo-
biphenyls. The samples were collected by EPA region-
al office personnel. Hexabromobiphenyl was the most
prevalent species detected. This species was detect-
ed in 84 percent of the samples over the range of 0.2
to 50,000 ppb. Heptabromobiphenyl was detected in
12 percent of the samples and octabromobiphenyl in 2
percent of the samples. Nonabromobiphenyl and de-
cabromobiphenyl were not detected.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Bioassay, Fishes, Sediments, Soil
analysis, Vegetation, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Bromine organic compounds, Biological
extracts, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Mass
spectra, 'Poiybrominated biphenyls, Toxic sub-
stances, Biphenyl/bromo.
PB-296 491/4 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Viral and Bacterial Levels Resulting from the Land
Application of Digested Sludge. Final rept. Aug 75-
Dec 76,
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, IL.
Mar 79,82p EPA/600/1 -79/015
Contract EPA-68-02-2223
Surface and ground waters, sludge, soils and aerosols
were sampled at a land reclamation site. The site has
received large quantities of anaerobically digested
sludge for several years. Samples were analyzed for
viral and bacterial components to determine the
impact of large scale sludge application on the envi-
ronment. Sixty-eight water samples from streams, res-
ervoirs, wells and runoff were processed for bacteria
and viruses. Water samples upstream (S-1) and down-
stream (S-2) of the site show that the downstream site
Is lower in total coliform (TC) than the upstream site,
while there are no differences In fecal coliform (FC) or
fecal streptococcus (FS) levels. Water samples from
Reservoir 3 which drains approximately 5,000 acres of
land to which sludge has been applied indicate TC
levels higher than those in a control reservoir which
drains untreated land, with no differences between FC
and FS. Six samples contained virus which were con-
firmed by subpassage. Three of these were found to
be contaminated and contained poliovirus 1.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
Land reclamation, Surface waters, Ground water, Aer-
osols, Viruses, Bacteria, Anaerobic processes, Sludge
digestion, Coliform bacteria, Streptococcus, Poliovir-
uses, Water wells, Streams, Illinois, 'Land application.
PB-296 492/2 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Application of Continuous Watershed Modelling
to Feedlot Runoff Management and Control. Final
rept. 15 Jun 75-15 Sep 77,
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
Jerome J. Zovne, and James K. Koelliker. Mar 79,
168p EPA/600/2-79-065
Grant EPA-R-803797
A continuous simulation, digital computer, hydrologic
model of feedlot runoff generation and disposal ha8
been developed at Kansas State University. The pur-
pose of the model is to establish guidelines and design
parameters for feedlot runoff control facilities whicn
will meet the requirements of the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act Amendments of 1972. The model con-
tinuously monitors the water budget of a feedlot stor-
age pond-irrigation disposal area control system using
historic rainfall and temperature data. It uses only
readily available climate, soil, and crop data so that ij
can be applied to all major livestock producing areas ot
the United States. The model is expected to pe useful
in evaluating applications for 'permits' to discharge
and for 208 planning agencies in 'Best Management
Practices' for feedlots. A user manual is included witn
program printout, input data requirements, and an ex-
ample of a 25-year simulation for Belleville, Kansas. A
report on the state-of-the-art of modelling the quality ot
feedlot runoff is also presented.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution control, 'Agricul-
tural wastes, Hydrology, Industrial waste disposal,
Mathematical models, Lagoons(Ponds), Irrigation,
Rainfall, Atmospheric temperature, Livestock, Climate,
Licenses, Soils, Farm crops, Manuals, Kansas, Simula-
tion, Reviews, 'Feedlot wastes, Sewage irrigation,
Best management practices, Belleville(Kansas).
PB-296 497/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Transporta-
tion and Economic Impact Assessment of Hazard-
ous Waste Transportation Regulations. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1978, 261 p* EPA/530/SW-170C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4381
Facilities, transportation activities, business/adminis-
trative practices, regulatory environment, and financial
and economic structure of transporters of hazardous
waste in the United States were considered. In ad*
tion, the costs of compliance with, and economic
impact of, were considered. The EPA-proposed haz-
ardous waste transportation regulations, Section 30UJ
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery ACI
(RCRA) were assessed.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, Regulations, Economic
impact, Rail transportation, Highway transportation;
Waterway transportation, Air transportation, P'P8,1"!;
transportation, Interstate transportation, 'Hazardous
materials transportation.
PB-296 504/4 PC A06/MF AOJ
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Florida Law-
Rept. for 7 Mar 14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, F. A. Hiatt, S. C. Hern, J. W. Hilgert, and
V. W. Lambou. Sep 78,120p EPA/600/3-78/085
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 40 lakes sampled by in-
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Florroa-
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and specie"
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'PhytoplanKto",
'Water pollution, 'lndexes(Ratios), Abundance,'""""
quality, Surveys, Distrlbution(Property), —^ „,,
Tables(Data), Algae, Diatoms, Florida, Lakes, tutro-
phication, 'Trophic level, 'Species diversity.
676 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
E8:;29* 505/1 r-uMii/iw-Mui
n«i ^mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
W.??r?f Ener9y. Minerals and Industry.
ni.L 'X Doling and Cooling Tower Slowdown
P«£°*£ ln Synthetic Fuel and Steam-Electric
wL. errf'ants. Final rept. Jul 77-Dec 78,
H^rfJrO1!1081'0" Associates, Cambridge, MA.
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
°ee also report dated Nov 77, PB-276 625.
doi^ report e*tends the results of a previous study
uoaimg with the detailed determination of consumptive
ahoi use and wet-solids residuals for coal and oil
snaie conversion plants and coal-fired steam-electric
Statf 9eneration plants located in the western United
dater • • Present report addresses the problem of
inn « "9 tne degree to which wet cooling, dry cool-
tne 2, wet'dry coofing should be used as a function of
com™ cos- of water. The economics of cooling gas
coaHn ,or interstage coolers for coal conversion and
and =? steam turbine condensers for coal conversion
jn'rt swam-electric power generation are also exam-
EPA/rix?- reP°rt also includes results of a separate
sito;. u. stYdV of 42 coal/oil shale conversion plant-
™ combinations to provide an enlarged data base for
COM. meaningful regional water assessments. The
men? *astewater treatment and blowdown treat-
anri «« disposal are calculated for coal conversion
s'eam-electric power plants are also included.
: 'Cooling towers, 'Water consumption,
gysi analysis, Water pollution control, Coal, Shale oil,
m«th,£ p?wer Plants, Industrial waste treatment, Dry
X'Cfd,Sli W,!! metr>ods, Coal fired power plants, Syn-
lne»c fuels, Western Region(United States^
EnviS6 508/S pc A07/MF A01
Region IS6"'81 Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
foraSE?™?1"*11*1 Process Evaluation; A Process
Los A °e Dry'n8-
' Metropolitan Area
A-l 042-010
' °UOMA Pro'ect Sponsored in part bv Cali-
'omia 9,««u,MA Pro'ect Sponsored in part bv
rnemn ? 2 Water Resources Control Board, Sacra-
CA"«>, and Los Angeles County Sanitation District,
a'"Greenfield
««"reenfield process, which operates on the
hi of multlple-effect evaporation, offers a con-
ol del.S,1'0!9""611 for d|Vina wastewater solids. Drying
eratten e "*" 8lud9e cake by tnia method before Incin-
8uffiejBr°,r, "jyro'ysis offers a potential for energy self-
flnuout Jy or the total Slud8e handling system. A con-
GreenfL w Pilot-scale demonstration of the Carver-
B "Ulineia Process u/as rnnriur-tari hu »ho I A /DM A
Protect ?L ant under a contract from the LA/OMA
eratjrm' The LA/OMA Project staff also visited an op-
acfjv,«Lra?'er'Greenfield installation treating waste
andanS, Ud9e ^Coora Brewery, Golden, Colorado)
opera«n de'ur>ct installation which was plagued by
piot-sca? Prob|ems (Omaha, Nebraska). From the
"eld trin« » demonstration study as well as from the
is a H?,rt was felt that the Carver-Greenfield process
system H-t means for drying wastewater solids. The
use in = not Se9m to be too sophisticated for the
signed Th a9e treatment plant. Unless properly de-
Pfoceia ..Astern could loose considerable amount of
^eate nSH1 emit hydrocarbons to the atmosphere, and
n.,-™.°aor problem. On the basis of the experience
'tr°m the present investigation, it was felt that a
'large-scale demonstration plant is needed
"liable design and operating data.
ing. r£5?: 'Sewage sludges, Evaporation, Dewater-
PosalPv,? ; Perfermance evaluation, Solid waste dis-
* trHn^- ys'8' Waste reclamation, Process charting,
"U9mg, Incinerators, Pilot plants, Technology,
"-Greenfield process, 'Sludge treatment,
use, Golden(Colorado), Omaha(Nebraska),
^ Project.
nmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
John E. Williams. Mar 79,183p EPA/600/7-79/092
The proceedings document presentations made
during the August 29, 1978 industry briefing confer-
ence which dealt with the status of EPA/IERL-RTP's
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) research, development,
and application programs. Subjects considered includ-
ed: lime/limestone scrubbing test results, forced oxi-
dation, process cost and energy requirements, by-
product disposal options, and future test plans. The
conference provided developers, vendors, users, and
those concerned with regulatory guidelines with a cur-
rent review of progress made in lERL-RTP's FGD
technology development program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Scrubbers, 'Meetings, Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Flue gases, Boilers, Oxidation, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Dewatering, Com-
bustion products, Lime, Industrial wastes, Calcium
oxides, Earth fills, Lagpons(Ponds), Economic analy-
sis, 'Limestone scrubbing, Wet methods.
! 5-17/6 PC A09/MF A01
.._„ 8* Industry Briefing on EPA Lime/
187$ Wet Scrubbing Test Programs August
•SaWEmjpnn
KI NC.
PB-296 523/4 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Energy and Economic Assessment of Anaerobic
Digesters and Blofuels for Rural Waste Manage-
ment. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ. Center System-Barren County, Rice
Lake.
Tom P. Abeles, David Freedman, Laura A. DeBaere,
and David A. Ellsworth. Dec 78,176p EPA/600/7-78/
174
Grant EPA-R-804457
A technological and socioeconomic assessment of an-
aerobic digester feasibility lor small to mid-size live-
stock operations was undertaken. Three full scale di-
Eters and one pilot scale facility were under various
rees of monitoring and evaluation to assess design
operational problems as they affect the adoption
and establishment of farm scale anaerobic digestors.
Materials handling presented the greatest obstacle to
satisfactory operation of the full scale systems. Con-
version of the biogas to electricity via standard engine-
generator sets Is capital and maintenance intensive.
Electrical conversion requires engine-generator sets
which can add 30% to the cost of the system, and
which have conversion efficiencies of only 10-25%.
The system becomes more economical if the biogas
can be used on site for direct thermal loads, suggest-
ing that the economic feasibility of anaerobic digesters
is site specific and should be closely integrated with
the total farming operation. If excess engine heat can
be recovered from electrical conversion equipment,
and If provisions can be made on the farm to level
electrical loads and conserve energy, then the eco-
nomics are enhanced. Analysis was performed for
farms with 100 animal units.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Anaerobic process-
es, 'Methane, 'Economic analysis, Biomass, Fuels,
Feasibility, Assessments, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Solid waste disposal, Fermentation, Proc-
ess charting, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Mar-
keting, Feeding stuffs, Hydrolysis, Technology,
'Manure, Synthetic fuels, Manufactured gas.
PB-296 544/0 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Survey of the Manufacture, Import, and Uses for
Benzldlne, Related Substances, and Related Dyes
and Pigments. Final rept,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Richard Powell, Marie Murray, Chuan Chen, and
Anthony Lee. 23 May 79,210p 2/800/01 /366/01,
EPA/560/13-79/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -5105
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report presents the results of a survey of pub-
lished and unpublished sources including industry con-
tacts to obtain production, imports and use data on
benzidene and three related compounds, i.e.3,3'-dich-
lorobenzidene, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidene, and 3,3'-di-
methylbenzidene. In addition to these four substances,
a search for similar information was conducted for 424
dyes and pigments derived from benzidene and the
three related substances.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Pigments, Surveys, Textile proc-
essing, Manufacturing, Utilization, International trade,
Chemical reactions, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Inks, Paper industry, Paints, Plastics, 'Benzidenes,
'Benzidene/dichloro, 'Benzidene/dimethoxy, 'Benzi-
dene/dimethyl.
PB-296 545/7 PC A99/MF A01
Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water Year
1977. Annual rept. 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 77.
Geological Survey, Boise, ID. Water Resources Div.
Feb 79, 655p USGS/WRD/HD-78/036, USGS/WDR/
ID-77/1
Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Dept. of Water Re-
sources, Boise. Sponsored in part by Bureau of Recla-
mation, Washington, DC., Corps of Engineers, Wash-
ington, DC., and Department of State, Washington,
DC. See also report for water year 1976, PB-278 017.
Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Idaho
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground water. This report contains discharge
records for 190 gaging stations; stage only records for
2 gaging stations; stage for 6 lakes; contents for 24
lakes and reservoirs; water-quality for 95 gaging sta-
tions, 76 partial-record stations, and 287 wells; and
water levels for 6 observation wells. Also included are
data for 57 crest-stage partial-record stations and 187
low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not involved in the sys-
tematic data collection program, and are published as
miscellaneous measurements. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State
and Federal agencies in Idaho.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Idaho,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB-296 550/7 ' PC A16/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Institutional Aspects of Wastewater Management:
The Boston Caee Study. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
James F. Hudson, Sarah Welnstein, Patricia S. Deese,
Bert Collins, and Carol Madsen. 1 Jan 79,367p NSF/
PRA/CEQ-7AC015
Contract EQ7AC015
See also PB-259 582. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and
Office of Management and Budget, Washington,
DC.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The objective of the study was to examine recent oper-
ation of EPA's Construction Grants Program, using the
Boston Metropolitan Area as a case study, with a view
toward developing recommendations for possible ac-
tions at the national level. This report analyses the
planning and institutional aspects of wastewater man-
agement in the Boston Metropolitan Area. This report
addresses five institutional and political aspects of the
water pollution control program: Financing of the local
portions of system costs; Policy guidance issued by
the Federal government; Coordination among pro-
grams operations, management, and maintenance of
programs and facilities; and Public participation in the
planning processes. There are two types of recom-
mendations: those which increase the considerations
of comprehensive planning issues, and those which in-
crease local flexibility in the implementation of facilities
and controls.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipalities,
'Water pollution abatement, Construction, Grants,
Project planning, Financing, Political objectives, Main-
tenance, Government policies, Expenses, Standards,
Citizen participation, Local government, Waste water,
Regional planning, Design, Law enforcement, Environ-
mental impacts, Massachusetts, Case studies, 'Insti-
tutional framework, Boston(Massachusetts), 'Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
PB-296 551/5 PC A99/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of
Policy Research and Analysis.
December 1983 677
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wastewater Treatment Facilities Planning In the
Boston Metropolitan Area - A Case Study. Engi-
neering rept.,
Kennedy Engineers, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
William A. Anderson, and Robert M. Kennedy. Jan 79,
748p NSF/PRA-7681772/1
Grant NSF-PRA76-81772
See also PB-296 552. Sponsored in part by Council on
Environmental Quality, Washington, DC., Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. and Office of
Management and Budget, Washington, DC.
The objective of the study was to examine recent oper-
ation of EPA's Construction Grants Program, using the
Boston Metropolitan Area as a case study, with a view
toward developing recommendations for possible leg-
islative or administrative actions at the national level.
This Engineering Report reviews the development and
planning of sewerage facilities in Eastern Massachu-
setts, evaluates the present major treatment works,
identifies various pollution problems, examines availa-
ble local plans, and evaluates technical alternatives.
Problems examined include raw sewage discharges,
combined sewer overflows, sewage bypasses, and ex-
cessive inflow/infiltration. The extent of consolidation
and the degree to which water conservation is practi-
cal are evaluated. This Case Study indicates that ap-
propriate facilities planning can reduce the scope of
new wastewater projects.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Grants, 'Urban
areas. Legislation, National government, Sewage,
Combined sewers, Overflows, Bypasses, Fluid infiltra-
tion, Sanitary engineering, Local government, Water
flow, Water conservation, Massachusetts, Sewage
treatment plants, Alternative planning, Boston Harbor,
Boston(Massachusetts).
PB-296 552/3 PC A23/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of
Policy Research and Analysis.
Sludge Management Planning In the Boston Met-
ropolitan Area - A Case Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Samuel Fogel, Thomas Kalinowski, and James
Hudson. Jan 79,528p ERT-P-2998, NSF/PRA-
7715337/1
Grant NSF-PRA77-15337
Sponsored in part by Council on Environmental Qual-
ity, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Office of Management
and Budget, Washington, DC. See also PB-296 551,
and PB-296 553.
The objective of the study was to examine recent oper-
ation of EPA's Construction Grants Program, using the
Boston Metropolitan Area as a case study, with a view
toward developing recommendations for possible leg-
islative or administrative actions at the national level.
This report analyzes planning efforts for disposal of
wastewater sludges in the Boston Metropolitan Area.
Key technical, economic and institutional factors Influ-
encing the planning process are identified. The cost of
9 basic sludge treatment and disposal options are ana-
lyzed, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to reveal
how future technical, economic and regulatory
changes may affect present decisions.
Keywords: *Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
•Water pollution, "Urban areas, Solid waste disposal,
Management, Benefit cost analysis, Sludge digestion,
Regulations, Sludge drying, Grants, Construction,
Project planning, Decision making, Incinerators, Oper-
ations, Performance, Massachusetts, Economic fac-
tors, Clean Water Act of 1977, Boston Harbor,
Boston(Massachusetts), Institutional framework.
PB-296 553/1 PC A20/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of
Policy Research and Analysis.
Water Quality Goals, Objectives, and Alternatives
In the Boston Metropolitan Area - A Case Study,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
J. Douglas Smith. Feb 79,451 p ERT-P-2764, NSF/
PRA/CEQ-7AC005
Contract EQ7AC005
See also PB-296 552. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. and
Office of Management and Budget, Washington,
DC.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The objective of the study was to examine recent oper-
ation of EPA's Construction Grants Program, using the
Boston Metropolitan Area as a case study, with a view
toward developing recommendations for possible leg-
islative or administrative actions at the national level.
The present $855 million Wastewater Management
Plan for the Boston Harbor Eastern Massachusetts
Metropolitan Area (EMMA) will not produce significant
water quality benefits. The section 303 (PL 92-500)
water quality management planning process in the
Boston area Is flawed at every crucial technical step.
Policy implications of this case study are: (1) more rig-
orous compliance with sec. 303 will be necessary if na-
tional water quality goals are to be achieved; (2) great-
er emphasis on maximizing performance of existing
facilities before constructing new ones would be cost-
effective; (3) Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) and
stormwater control alternatives need to be demon-
strated and (4) chlorination of CSO's and other mini-
mally treated wastewaters may be creating new envi-
ronmental hazards.
Keywords: "Grants, 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban
areas, Construction, Legislation, National government,
Water quality, Benefit cost analysis, Management, Per-
formance, Cost effectiveness, Overflows, Combined
sewers, Storms, Runoff, Chlorination, Hazards, Mas-
sachusetts, Sewage treatment plants, Boston Harbor,
Clean Water Act of 1977, Boston(Massachusetts).
PB-296 556/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
The Environmental Lead Problem: An Assessment
of Lead In Drinking Water from a Multi-Media Per-
spective. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
S. Drill, J. Konz, H. Mahar, and M. Morse. May 79,
167p* EPA/570/9-79/003
Contract EPA-68-01-4635
Human exposure to lead has been shown to be cumu-
lative in nature. In order to assess the toxicological sig-
nificance of environmental lead exposures, it is neces-
sary to define the contributions to an individual's daily
lead uptake from all possible exposure pathways. This
paper defines and quantifies the major environmental
sources of lead exposure, describes the absorption
characteristics of lead compounds in man via each ex-
posure route, determines the source contribution fac-
tors for daily lead uptake by each exposure pathway,
and relates those contributions to an Individuals
blood-lead level.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Potable water, 'Toxicology,
Physiological effects, Assessments, Sources, Air pol-
lution, Concentration(Compositlon), Soils, Water pollu-
tion, Blood, Toxlcity, Absorption, Public health, Paints,
Newsprint, Industrial hygiene, Exposure, Foods,
•Drinking water, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Environmental health, Air-water interfaces, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Path of pollutants, Biological effects.
PB-296 567/2 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab,, Cincinnati,
OH.
Proceedings: Workshop Toward an Oxygen
Transfer Standard Held at Pacific Grove, Califor-
nia on April 11-14,1978,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
William C. Boyle. Apr 79,284p* EPA/600/9-78/021
Grant EPA-R-805868
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son.
The Workshop proceedings documented in this report
represent a major effort to summarize historical prac-
tices and current art in the testing and evaluation of
oxygen transfer devices used in the treatment of
wastewater. These proceedings form the technical
base from which the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers' Subcommittee on Oxygen Transfer Standards
is attempting to develop a tentative interim oxygen
transfer standard on this research grant project. The
objectives of this Workshop were to bring together ex-
perts in the field of oxygen transfer to: (1) identify
areas of agreement and disagreement in the evalua-
tion of oxygen transfer devices and (2) identify re-
search needs in the development of an effective con-
sensus standard for oxygen transfer devices. The first
day-and-a-half were devoted to the presentation and
discussion of topics related to the testing and evalua-
tion of oxygen transfer devices. The entire Workshop
roster was then divided into five working group ses-
sions, whereby intensive discussion took place In ef-
forts to arrive at consensus opinions on selected
topics. Areas of agreement and disagreement were
delineated. The findings of each working group were
presented to the reassembled total group on the final
day of the Workshop. The papers presented in the
opening day-and-a-half general session and the sum-
mary reports of the working groups comprise the major
portion of these Workshop proceedings.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Oxygen, 'Transfer-
ring, 'Meetings, Standards, Equipment, Aeration, Re-
views, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Dissolved
gases, Temperature, Gas flow, Activated sludge proc-
ess, Mass transfer, Alpha particles, Beta particles,
•Oxygen transfer standards, Tracer techniques, State
of the art.
PB-296 559/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls 1929-1979. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Robert A. Westin. 16 May 79, 90p* 474.5F, EPA/560/
6-79/004
Contract EPA-68-01-3259
The primary emphasis of this report is a summary of
the work that Versar performed in support of the EPA's
regulatory activities involving polychlorinated biphen-
yls over the past four years. The report includes sum-
maries of 24 reports on PCBs that Versar submitted to
EPA during this period. Also included are a summary of
the uses of PCBs from 1929 through 1979, a review of
much of the early literature on the uses and toxicity of
PCBs, and a discussion of the various regulatory activi-
ties that limited human exposure to PCBs and eventu-
ally banned their manufacture, processing, and use.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Regulations, Utilizations, Standards,
Management planning, Water pollution, Transport
properties, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal, Cost
analysis, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Path of pollut-
ants, Biphenyl/perchloro, Toxic substances.
PB-296 579/6 PC A17
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Plan for Air Pollution Research In the Texas Gulf
Coast Area. Volume IV. Summary of Previous
Health Effects Studies and Data. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst, Houston, TX.
Donald E. Johnson, and R. John Prevost. Apr 79,385p
EPA/600/8-79/008D
Contract EPA-68-02-2955
See also PB-295 914.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
In the study reported here, a plan for air pollution re-
search was developed for the Texas Gulf Coast Area.
This report is Volume IV of a five part series of reports
documenting that plan and is specifically directed at
presenting relevant information on previous health ef-
fects studies and other data characteristic of the area.
Background data on characteristics of area popula-
tions and industrial activities are presented and dis-
cussed, including specific socioeconomic data on
twenty-two separate subregions. Results of a literature
search of pertinent health effects studies are present-
ed. Brief narrative summaries are included for ten pre-
vious studies considered most appropriate for consid-
eration in planning further studies. An extensive bib-
liography is provided for other valuable references and
abstracts resulting from computer searches are pre-
sented in the appendix.
Keywords: Air pollution, Demography, Public health,
Socioeconomic status, Mexico Gulf, Urban areas,
Rural areas, Suburban areas, Bibliographies, Ab-
stracts, Characteristics, Plans, Populations, Texas,
•Texas Gulf Coast(United States), "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Houston(Texas), Environmental
health.
PB-296 583-SET PC E20
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep78,1741p-in7V
678 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Set includes PB-296 584 thru PB-296 590.
No abstract available.
PB-296 S84/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Contra! Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume I: Descrip-
tion of Program and Industry.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,98p EPA/904/9-79/034A
Contract EPA-68-01 -4196
See also Volume 2, PB-296 585.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
It is appropriate that Texas Instruments 7-volume
report on the central Florida phosphate industry
areawide impact assessment for the Environmental
Protection Agency begin with a comprehensive de-
scription of the industry itself. This is the purpose of
Volume I. How phosphate rock is recovered, benefi-
ciated, and used, and what coproducts result from
mining it are discussed, as well as specific locations of
the activities and the industry's mine-land reclamation
practices. Also included are world, U.S., state, and
study-area production and use statistics.
Keywords: Phosphate deposits, Mining, Strip mining,
Reserves, Materials recovery, Production capacity,
Beneficiation, Florida, 'Phosphate industry, Central
Region(Florida).
PB-296 585/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume II: Environ-
mental Permits and Approvals Relating to Phos-
phate Mining and Fertilizer Manufacturing In Flor-
ida.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,92p EPA/904/9-79/034B
Contract EPA-68-01-4196
See also Volume 1, PB-296 584 and Volume 3, PB-296
586.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
Public policies that affect the Florida phosphate indus-
try are described in this volume of a 7-volume central
Florida phosphate Industry areawide Impact assess-
ment. Inasmuch as environmental legislation and regu-
latory implementation are in constant flux, this docu-
ment constitutes only a general overview of federal,
state, and local requirements related to the environ-
mental review process. Federal legislation explained
Includes the Clean Air Act. Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, Atomic Energy Act, Safe Drinking Water
Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. Statua-
tory controls, permitting requirements, and enforce-
ment at the state and local levels are also discussed.
Keywords: "Regulations, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Strip mining, Land reclamation,
taw(Jurisprudence), Licenses, National government,
State government, Local government, Fertilizers, Flor-
ida, 'Phosphate industry, Central Region(Florida).
PB-296 586/1 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume III: Socloe-
conomlcs.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,275p EPA/904/9-79/034C
Contract EPA-68-01-4196
See also Volume 2, PB-296 585 and Volume 4, PB-296
587.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
Against Florida's historical background, the archeo-
logical and historical sites as well as the recreational
areas in the seven counties of Hillsborough, Manatee,
DeSoto, Charlotte, Polk, Hardee, and Sarasota are dis-
cussed in the first chapter of this volume, which is part
of the 7-volume areawide impact assessment of the
phosphate industry in central Florida. Chapter 2 ad-
dresses the study area's demography, economics, and
culture. Existing land ownership and use patterns are
discussed in Chapter 3, along with land-use planning
at the state, local, and regional levels and the adminis-
trative and regulatory controls over mining. Chapter 4
deals with future land use in the study area.
Keywords: 'Demographic surveys, Archaeology, De-
mography, Socioeconomic status, Recreational facili-
ties, Land use, Salary surveys, Economic impact, Flor-
ida, 'Phosphate industry, Central Reglon(Florlda).
PB-296 587/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA.
REgion IV.
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume IV: Atmos-
phere.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,144p EPA/904/9-79/034D
Contract EPA-68-01-4196
See also Volume 3, PB-296 586 and Volume 5, PB-296
588.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
In this volume of a 7-volume environmental impact as-
sessment of the phosphate industry in central Florida,
a description of the climate and dispersion characteris-
tics in Hillsborough, Polk, Manatee, Hardee, Sarasota,
DeSoto, and Charlotte counties sets the stage for a
discussion of the areawide air quality. Air pollution
sources are listed, and 5 years of sulfur dioxide and
paniculate data are summarized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Climate, Environmental im-
pacts, Sulfur dioxide, Aerosols, Florida, 'Phosphate in-
dustry, Central Region(Florida), Air quality, Atmospher-
ic dispersion.
PB-296 588/7 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume V: Water.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,354p EPA/904/9-79/03E
Contract EPA-68-01 -4196
See also Volume 4, PB-296 587 and Volume 6, PB-296
589.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
This volume of a 7-volume environmental Impact as-
sessment of the phosphate Industry In seven counties
of central Florida documents information on the sur-
face and subsurface water systems. One chapter ad-
dresses water quantity and quality, while a second
chapter presents a baseline ecological characteriza-
tion of the various aquatic communities In the counties
studied (Hillsborough, Charlotte, Manatee, Hardee,
Polk, Sarasota, and DeSoto). Water quantity Is de-
scribed through such information as location of
sources and watershed boundaries; water rights; exist-
ing potable systems and administrative procedures for
regulating consumption; points and rates of surface-
water withdrawal; the water table's relationship with
other subsurface aquifers; and the relationship be-
tween existing and future water usage and existing and
future resources. Water quality of appropriate stream
segments Is characterized, violations of standards in-
dicated, major point and nonpolnt sources of pollution
identified, future phosphate industry loadings project-
ed, and historical problems discussed. The ecological
characterization deals specifically with threatened and
endangered species, species of commercial and rec-
reational importance, nuisance and pest species, and
resource management in the standing and running
freshwater communities and estuarine and bay com-
munities.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water resources, Hydrol-
ogy, Environmental impacts, Aquatic biology, Florida,
'Phosphate industry, Central Region(Florida), Water
pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-296 589/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume VI: Land.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,262p EPA/904/9-79/034F
Contract EPA-68-01 -4196
See also Volume 5, PB-296 588 and Volume 7, PB-296
590.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
Before there could be an evaluation of the effects that
activities of the central Florida phosphate Industry
have on the natural environment existing In Charlotte,
DeSoto, Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, Polk, and
Sarasota counties, there had to be a basic description
of that environment. This is accomplished for the phys-
ical, geochemical, and radiation environments and for
the terrestrial ecology of the 7-county area in Volume
VI of Texas Instruments 7-volume environmental
impact assessment. The physical environment per-
tains to the existing structure, natural surface features,
and surface cover (sells). The geochemical environ-
ment is considered from the standpoint of the geo-
chemistry of the phosphate ore body and its surround-
ing zones. Discussion of the radiation environment en-
compasses activities that redistribute radioactive ele-
ments. The terrestrial biota section reviews local vege-
tation types, important plant species within the types,
and the abundance ratings of the terrestrial verte-
brates that are present. Important wetlands biota Is
identified and the relative productivity of the communi-
ties and their overall biological importance addressed.
Keywords: 'Land use, Environmental impacts, Geolo-
gy, Geochemistry, Radiation dosage, Biology, Natural
radioactivity, Florida, 'Phosphate industry, Central
Region(Florlda).
PB-296 590/3 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Central Florida Phosphate Industry Areawlde
Impact Assessment Program. Volume VII: Alterna-
tive Effects Assessment.
Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas.
Sep 78,416p EPA/904/9-79/034G
Contract EPA-68-01-4196
See also Volume 6, PB-296 589.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E20, PB-296 583-
SET.
Texas Instruments areawide assessment of the cen-
tral Florida phosphate Industry for the Environmental
Protection Agency considered five scenarios convey-
ing alternative themes and Intents of possible policy
decisions. To permit a decision as to which alternative
presents the least regrettable effect, Tl overlaid (figu-
ratively), the present and projected environmental set-
tings with these alternatives for Industry regulation. In
this volume (VII) of Tl's 7-volume report to the EPA,
the relationship of the scenarios and Tl's assessment
methodology Is explained and a matrix displays the
natural, social, and economic elements potentially Im-
pacted by phosphate Industry activities and their level
of impact. Effects determinations are discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Government
policies, Regulations, Licenses, Economic Impact,
Scenarios, Florida, 'Phosphate Industry, Central
Region(Florida).
PB-296 604/2 PC A21 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Dlv.
Needs Survey (1978): Cost Methodology for Con-
trol of Combined Sewer Overflow and Stormwater
Discharges. Final rept.,
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Ronald L Wycoff, James E. Scholl, and Sadia
Kissoon. 10 Feb 79, 485p* EPA/FRD-3,, EPA/430/9-
79/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -3993
See also PB-294 445.
The 1978 Needs Survey for Combined Sewer Over-
flow (Category V) and Urban Stormwater Discharges
(Category VI) develops current and year 2000 capital
and annual operation and maintenance cost estimates
for pollution control facilities required to obtain three
levels of receiving water beneficial use including the
aesthetics level, the fish and wildlife level, and the rec-
reation level. Estimated capital costs for year 2000
recreation levelrecelving water use are the needs re-
ported to Congress. Cost estimates are based on con-
sideration of the assimilative capacity of the receiving
water evaluated by continuous hydrologic/water quai-
December 1983 679
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tty simulation and on the economic optimization of
available control alternatives.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Runoff, *Cost analy-
sis, *Water pollution control, "Grants, Construction,
Overflows, Storm sewers, Cost estimates, Hydrology,
Operating costs, Maintenance, Droughts, Surveys,
Capitalized costs, Simulation, Fortran, Removal, Opti-
mization, Computer programs, 'Storm water runoff,
Urban hydrology, Alternative planning.
PB-296 625/7 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Uab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dispersion of Pollutants Near Highways. Data
Analysis and Model Evaluation. Final rept. Sep 75-
Jul 78,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
S. Trivikrama Rao, Michael Keenan,, Gopal Sistala,
and Perry Samson. Feb 79,173p EPA/600/4-79/011
Grants EPA-R-803881 -01, EPA-R-804579-01
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284 866.
The validity of various assumptions underlying math-
ematical modeling of pollutant dispersion near at-
grade highways was examined and the simulation ca-
pability ot various dispersion models determined. The
data base generated during the Long Island Dispersion
Experiment is used to study the micro-meteorological
characteristics adjacent to a highway and to evaluate
lour numerical and four Gaussian highway dispersion
models.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Math-
ematical models, Data processing, Highways, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Ni-
trogen oxides, Particles, Traffic, Wind(Meteorology),
Graphs, Tables(Data), 'Atmospheric dispersion, Air
quality, Gaussian plume models, Tracer studies.
PB-296 626/5 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Dual Process High-Rate Filtration of Raw Sanitary
Sewage and Combined Sewer Overflows. Final
rept. 1 Jun 75-30 Jun 77,
New York City Dept. of Water Resources.
Hank Innerfeid, Angelika Forndran, Dominick D.
Ruggiero, and Thomas J. Hartman. Mar 79,117p EPA/
600/2-79/015
Grant EPA-S-803271
See also report dated Apr 72, PB-211 144. Prepared in
cooperation with Nebolsine, Kohlmann, Ruggiero,
New York.
Pilot plant studies were conducted at New York's New-
town Creek Water Pollution Control Plant from 1975-
1977 to investigate the suspended solids (SS) removal
capabilities of the deep bed, high rate gravity filtration
process on raw sewage and combined sewer over-
flows. The treatment system was composed of a rotat-
ing screen followed by a dual media, and high rate
filter. A continuous series of tests on dry weather (raw
sewage) flows demonstrated SS removals across the
filter averaging 67 percent. Tests on combined sewer
overflow and average removal of 61 percent SS
across the filter. Capital costs (ENR-2520) for a high
rate filtration plant are estimated at $55,225 per mgd
for a 200 mgd plant (757,000 cu m/day). Total annual
treatment costs, including amortization, operation and
maintenance charges, range from approximately
$396,450 to $1,794,050 for dual treatment facilities In
a 25 to 200 mgd (94,600 to 757,000 cu m/day) capac-
ity range and $238,050 to $1,175,900 for the same ca-
pacity range of facilities treating only CSO. Compari-
son with alternative treatment systems show that HRF
is cost competitive with conventional sedimentation
facilities for dual-process or CSO treatment yet HRF
has on 5-7 percent the area requirements. For strict
CSO treatment, HRF is competitive with dissolved air
flotation and microstraining processes.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers,
'Sewage filtration, 'Overflows, Pilot plants, Perform-
ance evaluation, Size screening, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Comparison, Design, Process charting, Field
tests, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-296 657-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Air Pollution Regulations In State Implementation
Plans: California.
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
Aug 78, 2947p-in 48 reports
Consists of PB-296 658 thru PB-296 705.
No abstract available.
PB-296 657-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Air Pollution Regulations in State Implementation
Plans: California.
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
1978,48 issues
Also available from NTIS as set of 48 reports PC E99,
PB-296 657-SET.
This document has been produced in compliance with
Section 110(h)(1) of the Clean Air Act amendments of
1977. The Federally enforceable regulations con-
tained in the State Implementation Plans (SIP's) have
been compiled for all 56 States and territories (with the
exception of the Northern Mariana Islands). They con-
sist of both the Federally approved State and/or local
air quality regulations as indicated in the Federal Reg-
ister and the Federally promulgated regulations for the
State, as indicated in the Federal Register. Regula-
tions which fall into one of the above categories as of
January 1,1978, have been incorporated. As mandat-
ed by Congress, this document will be updated annual-
ly. State and/or local air quality regulations which have
not been Federally approved as of January 1, 1978,
are not included here; omission of these regulations
from this document in no way affects the ability of the
respective Federal, State, or local agencies to enforce
such regulations.
Amador County. Aug 78,47p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 658/8
Butte County. Aug 78,49p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 659/6
Calaveras County. Aug 78,54p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 660/4
Colusa County. Aug 78, 51 p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 661/2
Del Norte County. Aug 78,27p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 662/0
El Dorado County. Aug 78,39p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 663/8
Fresno County. Aug 78, 109p PC A06, MF A01
PB-296 664/6
Glenn County. Aug 78,52p PC A04 MF A01 PB-
296 665/3
Great Basin Unified APCD. Aug 78, 70p PC A04,
MFA01 PB-296 666/1
Humboldt County. Aug 78,48p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 667/9
Imperial County. Aug 78,56p PC A04. MF A01
PB-296 668/7
Kern County. Aug 78,67p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 669/5
Kings County. Aug 78,52p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 670/3
Lake County. Aug 78, 74p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 671/1
Lassen County. Aug 78, 50p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 672/9
Los Angeles County. Aug 78,82p PC A05, MF A01
PB-296 673/7
Madera County. Aug 78,67p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 674/5
Mariposa County. Aug 78,42p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 675/2
Mendocino County. Aug 78,49p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 676/0
Merced County. Aug 78,63p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 677/8
Modoc County. Aug 78, 44p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 678/6
Monterey Bay Unified APCD. Aug 78, 76p PC A05,
MF A01 PB-296 679/4
Nevada County. Aug 78,34p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 680/2
Northern Sonoma County. Aug 78, 57p PC A04, MF
A01 PB-296 681/0
Orange County. Aug 78,72p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 682/8
Placer County. Aug 78,33p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 683/6
Plumas County. Aug 78, 45p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 684/4
Riverside County. Aug 78, 70p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 685/1
Sacramento County. Aug 78,42p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 686/9
San Bernardino County. Aug 78, 90p PC A05, MF
A01 PB-296 687/7
San Diego County. Aug 78,62p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 688/5
San Francisco Bay Area APCD. Aug 78,172p PC
A08.MFA01 PB-296 689/3
San Joaquin County. Aug 78, 70p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 690/1
San Luis Obispo County. Aug 78, 51 p PC A04, MF
A01 PB-296 691/9
Santa Barbara County. Aug 78,71 p PC A04, MF
A01 PB-296 692/7
Shasta County. Aug 78,46p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 693/5
Sierra County. Aug 78,44p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 694/3
Siskiyou County. Aug 78,59p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 695/0
Stanislaus County. Aug 78,59p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 696/8
Sutler County. Aug 78, 50p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 697/6
Tehama County. Aug 78,55p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 698/4
Trinity County. Aug 78,46p PC A03, MF A01 PB-
296 699/2
Tulare County. Aug 78,64p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 700/8
Tuolumne County. Aug 78,53p PC A04, MF A01
PB-296 701/6
Ventura County. Aug 78,139p PC A07, MF A01
PB-296 702/4
Yolo-Solano County. Aug 78,48p PC A03, MF A01
PB-296 703/2
Yuba County. Aug 78, 61 p PC A04, MF A01 PB-
296 704/0
Federally Promulgated Regulations. Aug 78,86p
PC A05, MF A01 PB-296 705/7
PB-296 706/5 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sediment Particle Sizes Used by Salmon for
Spawning with Methods for Evaluation,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,
Ogden, UT.
William S. Plans, Mostafa A. Shirazi, and Donald H.
Lewis. Apr 79, 39p EPA/600/3-79/043
Size composition of substrates used by Chinook
salmon for spawning in the South Fork Salmon River,
the main Salmon River and tributaries of the Middle
Fork Salmon River, ID was determined. Substrates
used by resident trout were analyzed for streams in the
Boise and Payette River drainages. These analyses
were made over time and space to determine particle
sizes preferred by spawning salmon, yearly differences
in sizes used by these salmon, the size differences
used by spring and summer Chinook salmon, and dif-
ferences between channel sediments used by chinook
salmon for spawning and those substrates occupied
by trout. Use of the geometric mean particle diameter
method is presented as a companion measurement to
'percent fines' for an easier and more complete analy-
sis of sediments used for spawning.
Keywords: 'Salmon, 'Substrates, 'South Fork Salmon
River, Particle size, Trout, Reproduction(Biology),
Sediments, Porosity, Permeability, Correlation, Gravel.
PB-296 707/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environrpental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Solubility of Acid Gases in Methanol. Final
rept. Oct 76-Sep 78,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, R. W. Rousseau, and D. G. Bass. Apr 79,
50p EPA/600/7-79/097
Grant EPA-R-804811
The report describes a thermodynamic model devel-
oped to predict phase-equilibrium behavior in a metha-
nol/carbon-dioxide/nitrogen/hydrogen-sulfide system
based on parameters determined from binary vapor/
liquid equilibrium data available in the literature. Model
predictions are compared with actual experimental
data. Predicted values show an average deviation from
experimental data of 21 % for vapor compositions and
10% for total pressures, indicating the possibility of
ternary effects not accounted for by the model. (The
model is to be used in conjunction with a coal-gasifica-
tion/gas-cleaning facility constructed at North Carolina
State University as part of a study funded by the EPA.
680 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The overall objective of the project is to characterize
completely the gaseous and condensed phase emis-
sions from typical coal-gasification/gas-cleaning proc-
esses and to determine how emissions depend on
process parameters. To describe and evaluate oper-
ations involved in the removal of acid gas constituents
TOm the crude synthesis gas, information is needed
concerning the equilibrium "behavior of these constitu-
ents with the particular solvent used in the removal
unit; hence, the model.)
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Solubility, 'Mathematical
models, *Air pollution control, "Gases, Chemical equi-
librium, Binary systems, Coal gasification, Laboratory
equipment, Design criteria, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen
suffide, Nitrogen, Thermodynamics, Vapor phases,
Liquid phases.
PB-296 708/1 PC A12/MF A01
rederal Interagency Committee on the Health and En-
vironmental Effects of Energy Technologies, McLean,
Health and Environmental Effects of Coal Gasifi-
cation and Liquefaction Technologies: Back-
ground Material for a Workshop. Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
James Antizzo. Jul 78,275p* M78-58, DOE/HEW/
EPA-01
Contract DOE-EP-78-C-01-6203
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document provides a broad view of three major
coal conversion technologies: coal liquefaction, sur-
'ace, and in situ coal gasification for use as back-
ground material for participants in the Interagancy
Workshop on the Health and Environmental Effects of
w>al Gasification and Liquefaction Technologies. In-
formation is included on coal technologies including
*P9cHic process options considered likely candidates
tor commercialization. Detailed information is present-
ed on process steps and associated waste streams
ana potential constituents. Process description and
Diagrams for selected technology processes are also
provided. Precautionary considerations and the state
of knowledge are given for all waste streams including
water effluents, air emissions, and solid wastes. This
information provides a sound basis for source charac-
terization. Descriptions of classes of potential pollut-
ants associated with waste streams include seven cat-
egories of pollutants possibly associated with coal
conversion technologies: air, water, solids, organics,
trace elements, transients, and products and by-prod-
ucts. A discussion of potential health and environmen-
tal problems of the technologies provides strawman
set of potential problems. These problems were a
starting point from which the workshop panelist could
identify and establish research priorities for the entire
energy cycle.
'Coal gasification, *ln situ combustion,
—.j health, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
lies, Air pollution, Water pollution, Monitoring, Design
criteria, Process charting, Technology, Organic com-
pounds, Trace elements, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Environmental health, 'Coal liquefac-
tion, Solid wastes, Air quality, Water quality, Fugitive
emissions.
PB-296 782/6 PC A04/MF A01
Acenaphthene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,53p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
13l4(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for acenaphthene. It presents concen-
tration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor Is it a water
quality standard and in Itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, ConcentrationJComposition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, *Acen-
aphthenes.
PB-296 783/4 PC A07/MF AOt
Endosulfan: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,150p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for endosulfan.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks. Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Endo-
sulfan.
PB-296 784/2 PC A04/MF AQ1
Ethylbenzene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,54p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for ethylbenzene. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe1 concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Ben-
zene/ethyl.
PB-296 785/9 PC A06/MF A01
Endrin: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,101 p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for endrin.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Endrin, Toxic
tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure,
Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 786/7 PC A05/MF A01
Naphthalene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,79p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for naphthalene. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of Incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion Is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor Is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Naphthalene,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composltlon), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
•Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 787/5 PC A05/MF A01
Phenol: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,92p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
I314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria, These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for phenol. It presents concentration cri-
teria tor the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and In the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304 (a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant In ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, baaed solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor Is It a water qual-
ity standard and in Itself has no regulatory effect
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Phenol, Toxte
tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 788/3 PC A06/MF A01
Acroleln: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,107p*
December 1983 681
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for acrplein. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Acrolein,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-2M 789/1 PC A06/MF A01
Antimony: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,104p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for antimony. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: *Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Antimony,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
*Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effecta(Animals), Water pollution ettects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 790/9 PC A08/MF A01
Chlorinated Phenols: Ambient Water Quality Crite-
ria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,161 p'
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are' to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for chlorinated phenols. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Phenols,
'Chlorine organic compounds, Toxic tolerances, Labo-
ratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 791/7 PC A08/MF A01
Copper: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,167p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for copper. It presents concentration cri-
teria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and In the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of Incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Copper,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), Water poliution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 792/5 PC A05/MF A01
Cyanides: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,78p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA 19 publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for cyanides. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the cpncentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Cyanides,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 793/3 PC A03/MF A01
Dlchlorobenzldlne: Ambient Water Quality Crite-
ria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978, 44p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for dichlorobenzidine.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
' pollution
tion
effects(Humans), Water
effects(Animals),'Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Benzl-
dine/dichloro.
PB-296 794/1 PC A06/MF A01
Dlnltrotoluene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,102p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)}, requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the Identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for dinitrotoluene. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, *To-
luene/dinitro.
PB-296 795/8 PC A03/MF A01
Dlphenylhydrazlne: Ambient Water Quality Crite-
ria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,41p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for diphenylhydrazine. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
682 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Toxicology, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory ani-
mals. Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Hydrazine/diphenyl.
PB-296 796/6 PC A03/MF A01
Haloethers: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1976,30p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
'314(8}), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the Identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for haloethers. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and In the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of Incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
js a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
lodgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is It a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Halogen or-
flanic compounds, 'Ethers, Toxic tolerances, Labora-
tory animals. Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic
otology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
pffects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
nealth risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 797/4 PC A07/MF A01
Halomethanes: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,150p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for halomethanes. It presents concen-
tration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion Is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Halogen or-
ganic, compounds, Chloromethanes, Toxic tolerances,
Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
ConcentratiomComposition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks. Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act, Methane/bromo, Meth-
ane/bromo-dichloro, Methane/tribromo, Methane/
diehloro-difluoro, Methane/fluoro-trichloro.
PB-296 798/2 PC A04/MF A01
Isophorone: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,60p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for isophorone. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life, ft presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific Judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor Is It a water
quality standard and in Itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Oxygen organ-
ic compounds, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals,
Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology,
Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
ConcentratlonfComposltion), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act, "Cyclohexenone/tri-
methyl.
PB-296 799/0 PC A05/WF A01
Dichloropropano/Dlchloropropenes: Ambient
Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,78p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for dichloropropanes and dichloro-
penes. It presents concentration criteria for the protec-
tion of fresh water and saltwater aquatic life. It pre-
sents 'safe' concentrations for humans, and in the
case of suspect or proven carcinogens, gives various
levels of incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a)
water quality criterion is a qualitative or quantitative es-
timate of the concentration of a water constituent or
pollutant in ambient waters which, when not exceeded,
will ensure a water quality sufficient to protect a speci-
fied water use. Under the Act a criterion is a scientific
entity, based solely on data and scientific judgement. It
does not reflect considerations of economic or techno-
logical feasibility nor is it a water quality standard and
in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Toxicology, Toxic toler-
ances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Aquatic biplogy, Marine biology, Fresh water
biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, PlantslBotany), "Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, "Pro-
pane/dichloro, "Propene/dichloro.
PB-296 BOO/6 PC A09/MF A01
Nickel: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,181 p"
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for nickel. It presents concentration cri-
teria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, "Nickel, Toxic
tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, "Water pollu-
tion erfects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 801/4 PC A06/MF A01
Nitrobenzene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,86p'
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for nitrobenzene. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Toxicology, "Nitroben-
zenes, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biol-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, "Ben-
zene/nitro.
PB-296 802/2 PC A09/MF A01
Nttrophenols: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,184p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for nitrophenols. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various lavels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Toxicology, "Nitrophenols,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
December1983 683
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act
PB-296 803/0 PC A10/MF A01
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls: Ambient Water Quality
Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,202p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
13H(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for polychlorinated biphenyls. It pre-
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgement. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Chlorine or-
ganic compound, Pesticides, Toxic tolerances, Labo-
ratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution etfects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act,
PB-296 804/8
PC A06/MF A01
Phthalate Esters: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,119p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for phthalate esters. It presents concen-
tration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgement. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Phthalates,
'Esters, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution. Aquatic biology, Marine biol-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 806/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Toluene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,100p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
I314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for toluene. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Toluene,
Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
'Water ppllution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 806/3 PC A06/MF A01
Toxaphene: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div,
1978,119p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for toxaphene. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations tor
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Insecticides, Toxic tolerances, Lab-
oratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution.
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health.
Health risks. Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Toxaphene.
PB-296 807/1 PC A07/MF A01
Zinc: Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,147p'
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for zinc. It presents concentration crite-
ria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant In ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgement. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Zinc, Toxic
tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure,
Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-296 812/1 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
In-Place Pollutants In Trail Creek and Michigan
City Harbor, Indiana. Final rept. Feb 78,
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA.
Aug 78,97p EPA/440/5-78/012
Contract EPA-68-01-4336
The sediments of much of Trail Creek and Michigan
City Harbor are toxic to several species of desirable
aquatic organisms and conducive to extreme domi-
nance by a few species that are known to tolerate
grossly polluted benthic environments. Although the
overlying waters also show some signs of pollution,
salmonid migrations do pass through the area. This in-
dicates that severely toxic discharges have been
abated and are now evidenced by the in-place pollut-
ants that were deposited in past years. It appears that
removal of these deposits would be a fruitful and
worthwhile operation. However, before such action a
taken, the importance of a large landfill as a potential
source of future pollutants should be assessed. If the
landfill is shown to be unimportant, dredging with dis-
posal in a land-based, confined disposal area is rec-
ommended. The cost of such a program could exceed
$4 million, but cost sharing with the Corps of Engineers
in their navigation maintenance program in the CreeK
and Harbor would significantly reduce the section 115
funds required.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sediments,
'Dredging, Toxicity, Earth fills, Forecasting, Trail
Creek, Michigan City Harbor, Fishes, Bioassay, Waste
disposal, Field tests, Sampling, Pesticides, Assess-
ments, Laboratory equipment, Chemical properties,
Physical properties, Chemical analysis, Water analy-
sis, Indiana, 'Water quality, 'Sediment - water inter-
faces, Water pollution effects(Animals), Heavy metals.
PB-296 813/9 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility, 1978
Winter. Performance rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Steven P. Busch. Feb 79,29p EPA/907/9-79/002
The 'Performance Report-1978 Winter, Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Facility' report includes a sum-
mary of datum collected at seventy wastewater treat-
ment facilities during the winter of 1978 and a brief
evaluation of that data. Types of treatment plants ex-
amined include the following: oxidation ditch, rotating
biological surface, activated bio surface, uncovered
trickling filter, covered trickling filter, activated sludge,
and lagoon.
Keywords: 'Winter, 'Sewage treatment, 'Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Municipalities, Oxidation,
Lagoons(Ponds), Activated sludge process, Trickling
filters. Coverings, Surfaces, Protectors, Comparison,
Seasonal variations, Rotating disc process, Sewage
treatment plants.
PB-296 824/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals ana Industry.
Comparison of Some Properties of Mlnesolls and
Contiguous Natural Soils. Rept. no. 1, 1 Sep 75-31
Aug 77 (Interim),
Science and Education Administration, University
Park, PA. Northeast Watershed Research Center.
Tom A. Pedersen, Andrew S. Rogowski, and Roger
Pennock, Jr. Aug 78,188p EPA/600/7-78/162
Four minesoil pits located within the disturbed area
and four natural soil pits located in adjacent undis-
684 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
turbed areas were described and sampled. Bulk densi-
ties were determined at ten randomly located sites. Mi-
crorysimeters were subsequently installed at these
sites and used to determine saturated hydraulic con-
auctivrties and evapotranspiration. The most promi-
nent feature of the minesoils was their high degree of
coarseness and their high rock fragment content. The
weathering of the natural soils has reached bases from
jnem and significantly more extractable aluminum was
round in these soils than in minesoils. Organic carbon
and nitrogen determinations were affected by the high
content of carboniferous shale and coal fragments in
ine minesoils. The clay minerals present in the mine-
soils had not been weathered as much as the clay min-
erals in the natural soils.
Keywords: *Soil properties, *Coal mining, *Land recla-
mation, Surface mining, Lysimeters, Comparison, Or-
ganic compounds, Carbon, Nitrogen,
^oncentration(Cornposition), Rocks, Soil horizons,
« ummum, Physical properties, Hydraulic conductivity,
^'ay soils, Fluid infiltration, Pennsylvania, Shale, Clear-
neid County(Pennsylvania).
PB-296 828/7 PC A09/MF A01
« *S Technology Research Needs and the Rela-
«v« Roles of the Federal Government and the Pri-
vate Sector, Proceedings of the EPA Noise Tech-
nology Research Symposium Held at Dallas,
rexas on January 29-31,1979.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
unice of Noise Abatement and Control.
May 79,193P* EPA/550/9-79/311
This Symposium was a direct response to the provi-
sions of the Quiet Communities Act as well as the
jatest step in EPA's program of coordinating noise-
jecnnology research. The Symposium was carefully fo-
cused on identifying future research needs and not on
">e suitability or practicality of on-going efforts of the
£9oeral and State governments to regulate noise
omission levels of products, based on current or avail-
apie technology. The findings resulting from the Sym-
posium apply directly to technology areas. Matters
*uch as operating procedures of aircraft, admlnistra-
«™ controls in the workplace, and health effects were
not included.
Keywords: *Nolse reduction, 'Meetings, Transporta-
»on. Machinery, Construction, Aircraft noise.
PB-296 836/2 PC A11 /MF A01
tnvronmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
fnglePark, NC.
Analytic of Organic Air Pollutants by Gas Chro-
"wography and Mass Spectroscopy. Final rept.
u« 75-Sep 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
too D. Pellizzari! Mar 79,243p EPA/600/2-79/057
Contract EPA-68-02-2262
^ee also report dated Jun 77, P-269 654.
A"a|ytical methods and instrumentation for collecting
™ra analyzing hazardous vapor-phase organics occur-
"n9 m ambient air were developed and evaluated. The
areas of investigation included (a) the evaluation of
, enax GC sorbent for variations in the breakthrough
•oiumes for different lots; (b) studies on in situ reac-
nons which might occur during the collection of organic
•"Pprs from ambient air; (c) evaluation of a permeation
•ystem for delivering precise quantities of organic
V&DOrS fnr /*alfcrattn/* imetrllmAnto. /rl\ ^Aljalnnmant nt
"Pectrometry/computer (hrgc/ms/comp); (e) determi-
nation of relative molar response factors (RMR) for
Quantitative hrgc/ms/comp analysis; and (f) the identi-
fication and quantification of organic pollutants in am-
uiertt air from several geographical areas within the
Continental U.S.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds, 'Gas
cnromatography, 'Mass Spectroscopy, Chemical anal-
yws. Air pollution, Methodology, Sampling, Sorbents,
^rvernical reactions, Concentration(Composition), 'Air
Pollution detection, Computer aided analysis, Proce-
dures.
f.B-296 838/6 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
Statistical Analysis of TSP and Meteorological
Data In EPA Region 6,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Trijonis, Yuji Horie, and Dennis Bicker. Jan 79,
237p EPA/906/9-79/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2828
This report conducts statistical analyses of TSP and
meteorological data at 25 locations in EPA Region 6.
The primary goal of the study is to determine if the rela-
tionship between TSP and meteorology can be used to
classify sites as to the types of sources causing nonat-
tainment. It is found that decision-tree analysis is a
very effective means of characterizing the relationship
between TSP and meteorology, and that the TSP-me-
teorology relationship provides useful insights con-
cerning the sources of nigh TSP levels. The results in-
dicate distinct geographical patterns in causes of non-
attainment witnin Region 6; specifically, wind-blown
dust tends to be a major cause in and near the Texas
Panhandle and a very minor cause in Arkansas and
(probably) Louisiana. Despite a fair level of success
with the method, however, we conclude that the TSP-
meteorology relationship does not provide results that
are definitive or quantitative enough for it to be used as
the sole support for regulatory policy concerning
causes of nonattainment. In addition to decision-tree
analyses of the TSP-meteorology relationship, several
other statistical studies are conducted herein. These
include analyses of data quality, investigations of cu-
mulative frequency distributions using log-normal and
exponential distribution functions, computations of var-
ious statistical parameters for TSP data, regression
studies of the TSP-meteorology relationship, nomo-
gram analysis of the TSP-meteorology relationship, re-
gression analysis of time series data, and meteorologi-
cal normalization of time series data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Sources, Sites,
Monitoring, Statistical analysis, Tables(Data), Graphs,
Dust, Wind(Meteorology), Sampling,
Concenlration(Composition), Arkansas, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Texas, *EPA region 6, 'Air quality.
PB-296 840/2 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Maumee River Basin, Ohio; Summary Pilot Water-
shed Report. Summary technical rept.,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Terry J. Logan. Apr 78,106p IJC/PLUARG-79/15
Prepared by Ohio Agricultural Research and Develop-
ment Center, Wooster. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
This document describes the methodology used and
presents the conclusions and recommendations for re-
medial measures resulting from the Maumee River
Basin studies. The generation of sediment and nutri-
ents from intensively cultivated cropland under prevail-
ing management practices was measured and these
losses were compared with the yield of the same ma-
terials at the downstream discharge point. The study
investigated the differences In pollutant generation on
several of the major soils and determined the effects
of season and soil characteristics on sediment and nu-
trient generation. Pollutant transport by tile drainage
was studied, levels of heavy metals in soil, sediment
and surface and ground water were surveyed, and
pesticides in sediment were scanned.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Maumee River Basin,
Concentration(Composition), Sediments, Monitoring,
Sewage disposal, Pesticides, Farm crops, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Metals, Soil properties, Runoff, Mineral-
ogy, Water supply, Pesticides, Ohio, International Field
Year for the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources, Heavy
metals, Organic loading.
PB-296 841/0
PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Menomonee River Basin, Wisconsin; Summary
Pilot Watershed Report. Summary technical rept.,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
John G. Konrad, Gordon Chesters, and Kurt W. Bauer.
4 May 78,87p IJC/PLUARG-79/14
Prepared by Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources,
Madison, Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources
Center, and Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Waukesha. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
This document describes the methodology and reports
the conclusions and recommendations for remedial
measures resulting from the Menomonee River Basin
studies. Pollutant contributions from land use activities
to surface and groundwater, inputs from atmospheric
sources and the impact of changing land uses on pol-
lution loadings are reported. Parameters emphasized
are suspended sediment, total phosphorus and lead.
Simulated unit area loads were developed for twelve
land uses (feed lots, wetlands, woodlands, park and
recreation, row crops, industrial, commercial, high,
medium and low density residential, land under devel-
opment, and pastures and small grains). A relative
hazard scale (logarithmic) was established. A discus-
sion of the physical characteristics and of the composi-
tion and particle size distribution of soils and bottom
and suspended sediments in the basin is presented.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Menomonee River
Basin, Water supply, Suspended sediments, Phospho-
rus, Lead(Metal), Concentration(Composition), Simula-
tion, Agriculture, Swamps, Forest land, Recreation, In-
dustries, Residential buildings, Wisconsin, Internation-
al Field Year for the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 842/8
PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Genesee River Basin, New York; Summary Pilot
Watershed Report. Summary technical rept,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Leo J. Hetling, G. Anders Carlson, Jay A. Bloomfield,
Patricia W. Boulton, and Michael R. Rafferty. Mar 78,
84plJC/PLUARG-79/13
Grant EPA-R00514401
Sponsored in part by Soil Conservation Service, Wash-
ington, DC., and Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Pre-
pared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of En-
vironmental Conservation, Albany. Bureau of Water
Research.
The Genesee River was monitored for stream flow and
sponsored by PLUARG (Pollution from Land Use Ac-
tivities Reference Group). An integrated sampling pro-
?ram was operated from March 1975 through June
977. Twenty-eight stations covered the spectrum of
land use, soil type and geologic development found In
the watershed. Pollutants studied In detail were total
phosphorus, suspended solids and chloride. Results of
the study suggest that water quality is not entirely de-
pendent on (and use; soil type, geology and geomor-
phology also have a strong influence on the amounts
and forms of various pollutants transported by surface
waters. Variations in river loading indicate that urban
land Is relatively more productive than agriculture for
the parameters studied. Forested land is the least pro-
ductive.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Genesee River Basin,
Stream flow, Monitoring, Soil properties, Hydrogeo-
logy, Phosphorus, Chlorides, Surface waters, Urban
areas, Inventories, Tables(Data), New York, Interna-
tional Field Year for the Great Lakes, Suspended
solids, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 843/6 PC A04/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Felton-Herron Creek, Mill Creek, Michigan; Sum-
mary Pilot Watershed Report. Summary technical
rept.,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
Thomas G. Bahr, Thomas Burton, James Hook, Milo
Tesar, and John Przybyla. 31 Jan 78,59p IJC/
PLUARG-79/12
Grant EPA-R005143-01
This document summarizes the findings from studies
of two small Michigan sub-watersheds; Felton-Herron
Creek, a sub-watershed which was utilized to investi-
gate land drainage from a liquid waste disposal area
and Mill Creek which was representative of a large fruit
growing area. Land application (spray irrigation) of sec-
ondary effluent to old fields with various management
December 1983 685
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
practices, cultivated row crops and hardwood forest in
the Felton-Herron watershed was monitored. Particu-
lar emphasis was placed on nitrate and total phospho-
rus. Proper selection of vegetation, irrigation rate and
harvest management minimized nitrogen and phos-
phorus discharges. Sugar maple forests are inefficient
for removing nitrogen from wastewater. Mill Creek was
monitored particularly for 57 pesticides and suspend-
ed solids to determine pesticide input from tributaries
and changes in pesticides content as the creek
changes from agricultural to urban land use. With this
information scientists evaluated the pesticide and
sediment mass leaving the watershed. Though sus-
pended sediment leaving the watershed is not a seri-
ous problem considered alone, transport of pesticides
is closely tied with sediment movement. Measures to
control sediment should control chlorinated hydrocar-
bons movement.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
•Water pollution abatement, 'Mill Creek, 'Felton-
Herron Creek, Monitoring, Sewage disposal, Pesti-
cides, Farm crops, Nitrogen, Phosphprus, Vegetation,
Selection, Chlorohydrocarbons, Fruit crops, Forest
land, Maple trees, Pesticides, Michigan, International
Field Year for the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources,
'Sewage irrigation, Tributaries.
PB-296 846/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reports of the United States Public Consultation
Panels to the Pollution from Land Use Activities
Reference Group. Final rept.
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Mar 78,174p IJC/PLUARG-79/09
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Early in 1977, PLUARG (Pollution from Land Use Ac-
tivities Reference Group) began a program of public in-
formation and public consultation, leading to the es-
tablishment of 17 citizen panels. Each panel prepared
and submitted a document to PLUARG presenting
conclusions and recommendations for remedial meas-
ures to correct nonpoint source pollution problems in
the Great Lakes Basin. Each panel considered the
PLUAHG reference, major associated issues and pos-
sible remedial measures and identified remedial action
most practical from a social, economic and environ-
mental perspective.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, Public opinion, Sources,
Citizen participation, Recommendations, Drainage,
Management, Water pollution control, Social effect,
Economic Impact, Environmental impacts, United
States, International Field Year for the Great Lakes,
'Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 847/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Survey of United States Great Lakes Basin Farm-
er* Regarding Water Pollution From Agricultural
Activities. Survey summary rept., /
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Elizabeth C. Powers, and Eugene A. Jarecki. Nov 77,
41 p UC/PLUARG-79/08
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation
with Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.,
and Statistical Reporting Service (USDA), Washington,
DC.
Approximately 900 farmers in the U.S. Great Lakes
Basin were interviewed in July 1977 to discover their
opinions concerning the effect on water quality of cer-
tain agricultural activities, their attitudes about pollu-
tion abatement issues, their use of various conserva-
tion practices, and the factors which prompt their con-
servation activities. Survey results were analyzed and
findings reported include: most farmers believe that no
relationship exists between farm fertilizers/pesticides,
manure, or eroded soil, and Great Lakse water quality;
nearly 90% use conservation practices; 57% favor
local government adminstered regulations; 70% favor
voluntary controls; 75% say farmers need more infor-
mation on controlling water pollution on their farms.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
•water pollution abatement, Farms, Interviews, Atti-
tude surveys, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Soil erosion, Con-
servation, Local government, Regulations, Water pol-
lution control, United States, International Field Year
for the Great Lakes, Manure.
PB-296 849/3 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Management Information Base and Overview
Modeling. Technical rept.,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Murray G. Johnson, John C. Comeau, Thomas M.
Heidtke, William C. Sonzogni, and Barry W.
Stahlbaum. Aug 78, 90p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Department of Fisher-
ies and Environment, Burlington (Ontario). Prepared by
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml., and
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
This report explains the data management base devel-
oped for overview modelling and the modelling proc-
ess which helped PLUARG (Pollution from Land Use
Activities Group) to determine the relative importance
of all pollutant sources and to develop plans for pollu-
tion abatement from land sources. Overview modelling
provided a means to compare present and future
trends in pollutant inputs to the lakes, as well as a
methodology for measuring the effectiveness of alter-
native remedial programs applied to urban nonpoint,
rural nonpoint, and municipal point sources. The proc-
ess was used to examine pollutant inputs to southern
Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Total phos-
phorus and suspended solids received the most atten-
tion.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, Sewage treatment, Math-
ematical models, Urban areas, Water pollution control,
Cost analysis, Effectiveness, Rural areas, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario,
Canada, International Field Year for the Great Lakes,
Nonpoint sources, Suspended solids.
PB-296 851/9 PC A09/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
United States Great Lakes Tributary Loadings.
Technical rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
William C. Sonzogni, Timothy J. Monteith, William N.
Bach, and V. Gregory Hughes. Jan 78,195p
Contract EPA-68-01 -1598
Sponsored in part by International Joint Commission-
United States and Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollu-
tion from Land Use Activities Reference Group.
Annual loads to the Great Lakes from U.S. tributaries
were estimated for total phosphorus, soluble ortho
phosphorus, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate
nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and chloride. Loads were
calculated for water years 1975 and 1976 using all
available data. All loads for monitored tributaries were
calculated using the ratio-estimator calculation
method except for Lake Erie tributary loads which
were obtained from the Lake Erie Wastewater Man-
agement Study. In order to provide complete coverage
of the basin, loads from unmonitored watersheds were
estimated from unit loads determined from similar and
usually adjacent monitored watersheds. Municipal and
industrial point sources discharging to U.S. Great
Lakes tributaries were inventoried and their loading
contribution estimated.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'water pollution abatement, Municipalities, Industries,
Lake Erie, Monitoring, Sewage disposal, Pesticides,
Farm crops, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Inorganic salts,
Ammonia, Chlorides, Concentration(Composition),
United States, Pesticides, International Field Year for
the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources, Tributaries, Point
sources.
PB-296 853/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Streambank Erosion In the Great Lakes Basin;
Joint Summary Report, United State* and Canada.
Summary technical rept,
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Katherine M. Knap, and William F. Mildner. Jun 78,37p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared by Ontario Ministry
of Natural Resources, Toronto, and Soil Conservation
Service, Washington, DC.
This document summarizes the methodologies, con-
clusions and recommendations of detailed stream-
bank erosion measurement and characterization stud-
ies performed in Canadian and United States water-
sheds. Remedial measures investigations suggested
that programs to reduce sediment yield from bank ero-
sion would not be cost-effective, unless land of high
value were endangered, and available funds would be
better spent to reduce sediment yield from sheet ero-
sion. Proper management practices for stream
courses which would help prevent bank erosion are
discussed. Overall joint conclusions include: sediment
yield to the Great Lakes from streambank erosion is
estimated at 845,000 tons per year, not a major contri-
bution relative to other sediment sources; amount of
sediment produced varies from basin to basin, season
to season and year to year; total phosphorus is the
most important chemical contributed from bank ero-
sion.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, Stream erosion, United
States, Canada, Recommendations, Sediments, Bank
protection(Waterways), Concentration(Composition),
Phosphorus, Land use, Market value, Cost effective-
ness, Management, Erosion control, International
Field Year for the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 854/3 PC A04/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Land Cover Analysis for the United States Great
Lakes Watersheds. Technical rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Timothy J. Monteith, and Eugene A. Jarecki. May 78,
61p
Contract EPA-68-01-3850
Sponsored in part by International Joint Commission-
United States and Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollu-
tion from Land Use Activities Reference Group.
An inventory of land use was compiled for the U.S.
basin in 1973 and 1974 for PLUARG (Pollution from
Land Activities Reference Group), by the Laboratory
for Applications of Remote Sensing (LARS), of Purdue
University using LANDSAT I satellite data. This state-
of-the-art pioneering work was done on a county basis
with emphasis on urban, agriculture, and forest land
uses. By spring 1977 PLUARG needed refinement of
that information. Technology for the utilization of
LANDSAT satellite data had improved since the earlier
efforts.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'water pollution abatement, Reviews, Vegetation,
Remote sensing, Scientific satellites, Inventories,
United States, International Field Year for the Great
Lakes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 855/0 PC A08/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Inventory of Land Use and Land Use Practices In
the United States Great Lakes Basin with Empha-
sis on Certain Trends and Projections to 1980 and
Where Appropriate, to 2020. Volume I: Great
Lakes Basin. Summary of inventories rept.
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Mar 76,161 p
Contract EPA-68-01-1598
Sponsored in part by International Joint Commission-
United States and Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollu-
tion from Land Use Activities Reference Group, and
Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
This report summarizes data contained in five lake-
specific volumes which describe and quantify, as ap-
propriate, the U.S. Great Lakes Basin's geology, soils,
minerals, climate, surface and ground water, vegeta-
tion, wildlife, and economic and demographic charac-
teristics. It provides an overview of available informa-
tion on waste disposal operations, lakeshore and river-
bank erosion, high-density non-sewered residential
areas, and recreational land uses as well as materials
application of agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, lime,
686 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
animal wastes, and salts on highways. Future trends
and projections are shown.
Keywords: "Land use, "Watersheds, "Great Lakes,
Water pollution abatement, Inventories, Reviews, Hy-
arogeology. Soil properties, Mineral deposits, Climate,
Surface waters, Ground water, Vegetation, Wildlife,
economic factors, Demography, Sewage disposal,
weam erosion, Residential buildings, Recreation, Ag-
ricultural wastes, Deicers, Calcium oxides.
PB-296 8S7/6 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Land Use and Land Use Practices In the Great
Lakes Basin; Joint Summary Report - Task B
united States and Canada. Summary technical rept.
international Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
fep 77,49p IJC-PLUARG-79/20
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Aflency, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation
-i Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.,
"apartment of the Environment, Ottawa (Ontario), De-
partment of Agriculture, Ottawa (Ontario), and Ontario
Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Toronto.
This report presents a summary of the inventory of
land use and land use practices in the Great Lake
Basin, including trends and projections to 1980, and
*020 where appropriate. It summarizes six United
plates and five Canadian volumes which have detailed
information on each individual lake basin.
Keywords: "Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
Water pollution abatement, Inventories, Canada,
united States, Forest land, Residential buildings, Rec-
reation, Businesses, Industries, Swamps, Farm crops,
failings, Banks(Waterways), Solid waste disposal,
Livestock, Spoil, Septic tanks, Injection wells, Agricul-
tural wastes, Deicers, International Field Year for the
ureat Lakes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-296 863/4 PC A04/MF A01
international Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
The Legislative and Institutional Framework to
control Pollution from Land Use Activities In the
united States Great Lakes Basin. Summary
"•port. Final technical rept.,
great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
fric Schweitzer, William G. Stewart, and Barbara Roth.
Apr78,69p*
Contract EPA-68-01-1598
pas also Volume 1, PB-296 864. Sponsored in part by
wernational Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group, and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared by Linton
and Co., Inc., Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-296 862-
*>ET.
The document presents a summary description of the
existing legislation/regulation framework available at
various levels of governments in the United States
weat Lakes Basin for controlling the nonpoint dis-
charges of sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and
chemicals associated with urban areas, transportation
corridors, extractive operations, agriculture, recre-
ational areas, forested areas, liquid, solid and deepwell
alsposal areas, shoreline landfilling activities, and lake-
shore and riverbank erosion. Brief summarized infor-
mation in this volume is detailed in a three volume set
under the same title.
Keywords: 'Land use, "Legislation, 'Great Lakes,
Water pollution control, United States, Regulations,
government policies, Sediments, Nutrients, Pesti-
cides, Hazardous materials, Stream erosion, Earth fills,
shores, Law enforcement, Urban areas, Transporta-
tion, Agriculture, Recreation, Forest land, Sewage dis-
Posal, Mining, International Field Year for the Great
Lakes, Nonpoint sources, 'Institutional framework.
f»B-296 866/7 PC A16/MF A01
international Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
The Legislative and Institutional Framework to
Control pollution from Land Use Activities In the
United States Great Lakes Basin. Volume II.
States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Minneso-
ta. Final technical rept.
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Eric Schweitzer, and Barbara Roth. Nov 77,354p*
IJC/PLUARG-79/04-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -1598
See also Volume 1, PB-296 864, and Volume 3, PB-
296 865. Sponsored in part by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared by Linton and
Co., Inc., Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E16, PB-296 862-
SET.
The document presents a description of the existing
legislation/regulation framework available at the Fed-
eral, state, special purpose district, county and munici-
pal levels of governments in the United States Great
Lakes Basin for controlling the nonpoint discharges of
sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and chemicals asso-
ciated with urban areas, transportation corridors, ex-
tractive operations, agriculture, recreational areas, for-
ested areas, liquid, solid and deepwell disposal areas,
shoreline landfilling activities, and lakeshore and river-
bank erosion. It also describes the extent of the regula-
tory power, the commitment to develop and undertake
programs and the degree of enforcement practiced at
each of the specified levels of government. Vol. II-
States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Minnesota.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Legislation, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution control, Regulations, Government
policies, Sediments, Nutrients, Pesticides, Hazardous
materials, Urban areas, Transportation, Mining, Agri-
culture, Recreation, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minne-
sota, Forest land, Sewage disposal, Earth fills, Law en-
forcement, Stream erosion, International Field Year for
the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources, Institutional
framework.
PB-296 867/5 PC A06/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
Control of Water Pollution from Land Use Activi-
ties In the Great Lake Basin: An Evaluation ol Leg-
islative and Administrative Programs In Canada
and the United States. Joint summary rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
J. F. Castrilll, and A. J. Dines. Mar 78,122p IJC/
PLUARG-79/03
Contract EPA-68-01-1598
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. and Department of Fisheries
and Environment, Ottawa (Ontario). Prepared In coop-
eration with Canadian Environmental Law Research
Foundation, Toronto.
This report presents a United States/Canada joint
summary and comparative review of detailed separate
studies of legislative, regulatory and administrative
programs which address the control of pollution from
land use activities. Principal agencies and levels of
government with roles In each of nine land use catego-
ries identified by PLUARG are discussed, the effective-
ness of programs intended to prevent water pollution
from land use activities Is evaluated. Discussions of
each land use activity include a summary description
of the institutional framework relevant to it.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, Legislation, Canada,
Water pollution control. Management, Environmental
impacts, Project planning, Government policies, Re-
views, Public participation, Lawjjurisprudence), Deci-
sion making, Law enforcement, Education, Legislation,
United States, International Field Year for the Great
Lakes, Nonpoint sources, 'Institutional framework.
PB-296 869/1 PC A16/MF A01
International Joint Commission-United States and
Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group.
An Evaluation of Alternatives and Cost for Non-
point Source Controls In the United States Great
Lakes Baaln. Final technical rept.
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
William E. Sklmin, Elizabeth C. Powers, and Eugene A.
Jarecki. Jul 78,365p* IJC/PLUARG-79/07
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report presents an evaluation of nonpoint source
problems affecting the United States Great Lakes and
estimated costs for a range of remedial control pro-
grams. Consideration of potential critical problems was
limited to six areas: in the urban sector, stormwater
runoff and combined sewer overflows, construction
site runoff and runoff controls for new developments;
In the agricultural sector, erosion and sedimentation,
and animal waste disposal; as a special problem, on-
site waste disposal. Data was collected in places con-
sidered potential contributing areas (PCA), those por-
tions of the drainage basin from which contaminants
associated with land use activities could reasonably be
expected to enter the Great Lakes.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Watersheds, 'Great Lakes,
'Water pollution abatement, Urban areas, Cost analy-
sis, Water pollution control, Runoff, Combined sewers,
Overflows, Agriculture, Sewage disposal, Cost esti-
mates, Soil erosion, Construction, Sedimentation, Agri-
cultural wastes, Livestock, United States, International
Field Year for the Great Lakes, Nonpoint sources, Al-
ternative planning.
PB-296 898/0 pc A04/MF A01
Trace Metals Monitoring at Two Ocean Disposal
Sites. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Bruce H. Reynolds. Mar 79,74p EPA/600/3-79/037
The areal distributions of the concentration of cadmi-
um, copper, nickel, and vanadium in sea scallop and
ocean quahog tissue were examined In the vicinity of
two ocean disposal sites located off the U.S. mid-At-
lantic coast on four cruises conducted in 1974 and
1975. Incidental collections of the surf clams were also
made on the last cruise. Patterns of meals distribution
show that (1) these metals may be used as identifica-
tion tags for the individual types of wastes disposed at
the two sites; (2) the distribution patterns of the metals
content in shellfish may be explained to a large extent
by the regional current patterns; and (3) the known tox-
icity of the wastes plus the demonstrated biological
availability of the metals contained therein, coupled
with the existence of an abundant literature document-
ing their toxicity in general, indicate that the wastes
pose a significant threat to marine biota In the vicinity
of these disposal sites.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Metals, 'Toxicology,
Cadmium, Bioassay, Aquatic animals, Toxicity, Ocean
environments, Water quality, Waste disposal, Copper,
Nickel, Vanadium, Clams, Mollusca, Marine biology,
Environments, Invertebrates, Tissues(Biology), Distri-
bution, Concentratlon(Composition), Shellfish, Inverte-
brates, 'Heavy metals, 'Ocean waste disposal, Solid
waste disposal, 'Monitoring, Quahogs, Bioaccumula-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Scallops, Pectlnldae.
PB-296 902/0 PC A02/MF A01
Plutonium Uptake by Plants Grown In Solution
Culture. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
James C. McFarlane, Allan R. Batterman, and
Kenneth W. Brown. Aug 78,20p EPA/600/3-78/081
Plants grown in aquatic systems were shown to rapidly
accumulate large amounts of plutonium, about 40% of
which was removed by washing. Detergent removed
debris, most of which consisted of particles larger than
0.8 micrometers. After removing a portion of the bound
Pu by rinsing in DTP A, additional Pu was removed by a
citric acid rinse. This implies that more than one type of
Pu binding to plant roots exists or that more than one
chemical form of Pu was present. The high Pu concen-
tration on plant roots did not facilitate uptake and
translocation to aerial portions of the plant: discrimina-
tion ratios were similar to those typically found in ter-
restrial studies. Plant with filamentous root systems
are suggested as possible scavengers for Pu in aquat-
ic systems.
Keywords: 'Plant chemistry, 'Plutonium, Plant nutri-
tion, Plants(Botany), Radiation dosage, Plutonium 238,
Plutonium compounds, Radiobiology,
Concentration(Composrtion), Bioaccumulation, 'Root
absorption, Plutonium nitrates, Medlcago satlva,
Lemna minor, Typha angustifolia.
December 1983 687
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-296 903/8 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Otfice of Toxic Substances.
The Health and Environmental Impacts of Lead
and an Assessment of a Need for Limitations.
Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. A. Ewing, M. A. Bell, and G. A. Lutz. Apr 79, 516p*
EPA/560/2-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4318
This report reviews the available literature on lead and
its compounds concerning physical and chemical
properties, industrial technology and alternatives, envi-
ronmental sources and emissions, environmental dis-
tribution, ecological effects, human health effects, and
exposures to lead from various media determines the
need for additional limitations on lead. More than 30
existing regulations directly or indirectly limiting expo-
sure to lead have been identified. In reviewing the
need for further limitations, the report addresses two
specific questions: (1) What are the present levels of
exposure in various population groups, and (2) Do
these exposure levels represent a significant health
hazard. An attempt is made to identify me relative con-
tributions to total human exposure attributable to air,
drinking water, and dietary intake. Using 11 assess-
ment factors, the report prioritizes 12 exposure source
classifications which might merit consideration for pos-
sible limitations. The impacts on health, the environ-
ment, and the economy of these potential limitations
remain to be evaluated.
Keywords: *Lead(Metal), "Environmental surveys,
'Toxicology, Air pollution, Epidemiology, Lead poison-
ing, Assessments, Public health, Exposure, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Food, Water pollution,
Tissues(Biology), Transport properties, Metal industry,
Storage batteries, Fuel additives, Manufacturing,
Sources, Blood, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Absorption,
Ecology, Plants(Botany), Fishes, Soil, Technology,
Path of pollutants, Environmental health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB-296 904/6 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Full-Scale Demonstration of Open Tank Oxygen
Activated Sludge Treatment. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep
77,
Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal District No. 1,
CO.
Stephen R. Pearlman, and Donald G. Fullerton. May
79,130p EPA/600/2-79/012
Grant EPA-S-803910
Prepared in cooperation with FMC Corp., Englewood,
CO.
This report presents an operating summary of a full-
scale demonstration of the FMC open tank pure
oxygen (FMC O2) activated sludge system, conducted
at tne facilities of the Metropolitan Denver Sewage
Disposal District No. 1 (Metro) in Denver, Colorado.
The system was operated over a period of 15 mo at
both steady state and diurnal flow rates ranging from
22,700 cu m/day (6 mgd) to 53,000 cu m/day (14
mgd), with average F/M loadings varying between
0.49 and 1.14 kg BOD/day/kg MLVSS and clarifier
overflow rates ranging from 16.5 to 32.2 cu m/day/sq
m (406 to 791 gpd/sq ft). The overall performance of
the system was dictated in large part by the quantity of
filamentous organisms in the activated sludge, and the
investigation of these organisms, with attempts to con-
trol or eliminate them, was an ongoing activity during
much of the demonstration. The system was evaluated
as to oxygen transfer efficiency and oxygen consump-
tion. Further, it was compared to the Metro diffused air
system running in parallel with the demonstration
system on the basis of sludge production and power
requirements. Comparison of sludge settleabilities was
made between these two systems and a closed tank
pure oxygen system (UNOX) also in operation at
Metro. In addition to allowing an evaluation of the FMC
O2 system as a whole, the demonstration provided an
opportunity to evaluate various component equipment
items as to their reliability and performance.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Oxygenation, Aeration, Pilot plants, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sedimentation tanks, Design criteria,
Process charting, Upgrading, Monitoring, Diffusion,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Clarification, Aeration
tanks, Settling, Aerobic processes, Microorganisms
control(Sewage), Colorado, Energy consumption,
'Open tank systems, Denver(Colorado), Sludge treat-
ment, Rotating active diffusers.
PB-296 947/5 PC A24/MF A01
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management. Pro-
ceedings of Health Physics Society Midyear Topi-
cal Symposium (12th) Held at Wllliamsburg, VA.
on February 11-15,1978.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
May 79,551 p* EPA/520/3-79/002
This publication contains the proceedings of the
Twelfth Mid-year Topical Symposium of the Health
Physics Society on Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Management held in Williamsburg, Virginia, February
11-15, 1979. There are fifty-seven papers included
covering such topics on radioactive waste manage-
ment as the origin, handling and transportation, dis-
posal operations and alternatives, regulatory aspects,
environmental, and public health aspects.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Radioactive wastes, Radioac-
tive waste processing. Environmental impacts, Public
health, Regulations, 'Radioactive waste management,
'Low-levefradioactive wastes, Radioactive waste dis-
posal, Hazardous materials transportation.
PB-296 952/5 PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollution Over Greater St. Louis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Seymour L Shuster. Dec 78,30p EPA/907/9-78/003
Contents:
What is air pollution;
What are the adverse effects of air pollution;
What levels of air pollution are now considered
safe;
How will the air quality standards be met;
How is the air quality over greater St. Louis being
measured;
How clean is the air over greater St. Louis;
What are the trends in air pollution levels over
greater St. Louis;
Summary.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Exhaust emissions,
Industrial wastes, Plants(Botany), Public health, Com-
bustion products, Standards,
Concentration(Compositlon), Monitoring, Hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides, Trends, Sites, Particles, Sulfur
dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, Missouri, 'Saint
Louls(Missourl), 'Air quality, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effect8(Plants), Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB-296 953/3 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Secondary Brass and Bronze
Plants,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Edwin L. Keitz, and Kathryn J. Brooks. Jun 79,88p
MTR-7984, EPA/450/3-79/011
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart M - Second-
ary Brass and Bronze Ingot Production Plants. Empha-
sis is given to the state of control technology, extent to
which plants would be able to meet current standards,
and future trends in the brass and bronze industry. In-
formation used in this report is based upon data availa-
ble as of October 1978. A general recommendation is
made to retain the current standard. Other recommen-
dations include periodic studies of control technology
for both metallic fume and fugitive emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Brasses, 'Bronzes, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Standards, Particles,
Smelters, Monitoring, Regulations, Technology, Fore-
casting, Design, Opacity, Fines, Process charting, Fur-
naces, Economic analysis, Trends, Manufacturing, Re-
views, 'New source performance standards, "Air pol-
lution abatement, Stationary sources, Best control
technology, Fugitive emissions.
PB-296 960/8 PC A04/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
The Macroeconomlc Impact of Federal Pollution
Control Programs: 1978 Assessment. Final rept.
1970-86.
Data Resources, Inc., Lexington, MA.
29 Jan 79,51 p*
Contract EQ8AC009
See also report dated Jan 75, PB-240 979.
An analysis is given of the macroeconornic impacts of
federal air and water pollution control legislation on the
U.S. economy. The analysis relies upon CEQ incre-
mental abatement cost estimates. Figures were pro-
vided for capital investment, annualized capital costs,
and operating and maintenance costs on an industry-
by-industry basis, with additional data for state and
local governments costs and costs associated with
mobile source regulations. The figures reflect on incre-
mental costs, i.e., the extra costs which occurred
solely as the result of federal legislation. As such, they
do not reflect some pollution control outlays which
would have been undertaken even in the absence of
the legislation.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Cost estimates, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Maintenance, State government, Regulations,
Economic analysis, Standards, Economic growth,
Inflation(Economics), International trade, Investments,
Assessments, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, "Air pollution ecpnomics, 'Water pol-
lution economics, Macroeconomics, Sensitivity analy-
sis.
PB-296 963/2 PC A06/MF A01
Dry Creek Interceptor, Wichita, Sedgwlck,
Kansas. Draft Environmental Impact Statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Norman H. Crisp. May 79,102p EPA/907/9-79/003
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement evaluates
the environmental and monetary effects of replacing
approximately 1700 linear feet of hydraulically over-
loaded and structurally deteriorated interceptor sewer.
Impacts and associated mitigative measures are pre-
sented for five interceptor replacement alternatives.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Maintenance, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, 'Dry Creek, Replacing, Hy-
draulics, Deterioration, Overflows, Sites, Citizen par-
ticipation, Climate, Safety, Water quality, Water supply.
Noise(Sound), Esthetics, Wildlife, Stream erosion,
Energy, Alternative planning, Sedgwick
County(Kansas).
PB-297 025/9 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Plan for Southern Illinois. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78, 79p GERPDC-78-483
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. Area 208 Water Quality Management Plan Rec-
ommendations for the Illinois Counties of Franklin,
Gallatln, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jefferson, Perry,
Pope, Saline, and Williamson. See also PB-297 026
thru PB-297 041.
The Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Plan for Southern Illinois was prepared
under Section 208 of the Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 (P. L. 92-500). This document
summarizes the project results and plan recommenda-
tions identified within the technical documents com-
prising the following appendices: A-1 Report on Point
Sources of Pollution in Southern Illinois 208 Area; A-2
Municipal Wastewater Needs and Capital Scheduling;
B-1 Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution in the 208
Area; B-2 Pollution Sources: Agriculture; B-3 Rural
Sewage in the 208 Area; B-4 Water Quality Investiga-
tions in Cedar Lake Part 1, Water Quality Investiga-
tions in Rend Lake Part 2; B-5 The Restoration and
Maintenance of High Quality Water; B-6 Land Use in
the 208 Area; C-1 Energy Report: Evaluation of
Areawide Coal Production and Future Projections; C-2
Geology of the Coal-Mining Portion of the Southern Illi-
nois 208 Area and Its Appiications to Water Quality
Problems; C-3 Summary; *C-3 Technical Report for
the Southern Illinois 208 Mine Wastes Control Pro-
688 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
9|am; C-4 The 208 Macroinvertebrate Study Report:
i ne Effects of Acid Mine Drainage on Mean Species in
«x Southern Illinois Streams; D Areawide Manage-
ment Strategy for Water Quality; F Environmental As-
sessment; G Public Participation and Planning Coordi-
nation: A Process Report.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water quality man-
agement, 'Illinois, Citizen participation, Mining, Agri-
cultural wastes, Regional planning, Construction, For-
*wy. Rural areas, Sewage disposal, Salt water intru-
«on, Ground water. Crude oil, Natural gas, Stream pol-
troon, Recommendations, Financing, Land use, Resi-
oues, Degradation, Channel improvements, 'Southern
«6gion(lllinois), Point sources, Nonpoint sources, Silvi-
culture.
PB-297 026/7 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
""•nagement Planning. Appendix A-1. Report on
Point Sources of Pollution In Southern Illinois 208
*fea. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78, 122p GERPDC-78-484
grant EPA-P-005225-01
"fepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
p. See also PB-297 025, and Appendix A-2, PB-297
The Report on Point Sources of Pollution in Southern
"Ijnois 208 Area is Appendix A-1 of the Areawide
Waste Treatment and Water Qaulity Management
nan for Southern Illinois. The report was prepared
under Section 208 of the Water Pollution Control Act,
*s amended. It addresses point sources of water pollu-
n in the Southern Illinois 208 Area from municipal,
industrial, private point, leedlot, water treatment plant,
*nd mine discharges. Conclusions are provided, as
weil as recommended controls for implementation.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois, Mu-
JJifipalities, Management planning, Industrial wastes,
Water treatment, Sewage treatment, Water pollution,
SJU'ces, Mine waters, Regional planning, Regulations,
Water pollution abatement, 'Point sources, 'South-
wn Region(lllinois), Feedlot wastes.
PB-297 027/5 PC A09/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Waste Treatment and Water Quality
"•nagement Planning. Appendix A-2. Municipal
Waatewater Needs and Capital Scheduling. Final
f\^
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
J-ommission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78, 187pGERPDC-78-485
grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
°Uf9. See also PB-297 025; Appendix A-1, PB-297
°26. and Appendix B-1 , PB-297 028.
The Municipal Wastewater Needs and Capital Sched-
u"ng is Appendix A-2 of the Areawide Waste Treat-
ment and Water Quality Management Plan for South-
JJJi Illinois. The Report was prepared under Section
™8 of the Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.
'ne report addresses the needs of municipalities as
"ley relate to sewage collection, transport and treat-
ment. Facility planning areas are defined for the South-
ern Illinois 208 area, priorities and capital scheduling
are established, financing arrangements are analyzed
and implementation strategies discussed.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
Sewage treatment, Sewage, Collecting methods,
Management planning, Land use, Social effect, As-
sessments, Cost analysis, Transportation. Economic
'actors, Substitutes, Water pollution, Fixed investment,
Allocations, Regional planning, Regulations, 'Water
Pollution abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois).
PB-297 028/3 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waste Treatment and Watar Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-1. Non-Point
Sources of Water Pollution In tha 208 Area. Final
rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,108p GERPDC-78-486
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix A-2, PB-297
027, and Appendix B-2, PB-297 029.
The Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution in the 208
Area is Appendix B-1 of the Areawide Waste Treat-
ment and Water Quality Management Plan for South-
ern Illinois, the Report was prepared under Section
208 of the Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.
The Report discusses in detail the nonpoint pollution
sources including flourspar and coal mining, petroleum
extraction, silviculture, construction, hydrographic
modification, rural sewage and agriculture. The report
includes recommendations for control of the nonpoint
pollution sources, and discusses implementation
measure.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Illinois, Water pollution, Management plan-
ning, Regional planning, Mining, Cost analysis, Petro-
leum products, Extraction, Forests, Construction, Ero-
sion, Regulations, Sources, Hydrography, Revisions,
Regulations, Agriculture, Coal mining, 'Nonpoint
sources, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Southern
Region(lllinois), Silviculture.
PB-297 029/1 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V
Areawide Waate Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-2. Pollution
Sources: Agriculture. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,121p GERPDC-78-487
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-1, PB-297
028, and Appendix B-3, PB-297 030.
The Pollution Sources: Agriculture report is Appendix
B-2 of the Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Qual-
ity Management Plan for Southern Illinois. The report
was prepared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. It addresses the problems of
agriculture as a water pollution source in Southern Illi-
nois, and makes recommendations to be implemented
to address those problems. Erosion as it contributes to
sedimentation and herbicide and pesticide contamina-
tion is addressed, as well as livestock and feedlot op-
erations.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois, 'Ag-
ricultural wastes, Sources, Management planning, Soil
erosion, Cost analysis, Farm crops, Nutrients, Water
pollution, Pesticides, Herbicides, Forecasting, Live-
stock, Regional planning, Regulations, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois), Agricultural
runoff, Feedlot wastes, Nonpoint sources.
PB-297 030/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Areawide Wast* Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-3. Rural
Sewage In the 208 Area. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78, 50p GERPDC-78-488
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-2, PB-297
029, and Appendix B-4, Part 1, PB-297 031.
The Rural Sewage in the 208 Area report is Appendix
B-3 of the Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Qual-
ity Management Plan for Southern Illinois. The report
was prepared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. It addresses the problems of
rural sewage in the Southern Illinois 208 area including
sewage treatment methods, soil types, and alternative
and innovative treatment methods. Management prac-
tices for rural sewage systems are also addressed.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Sewage treatment, Regional planning, Management
planning, Water pollution, Soils, Substitutes, Stream
pollution, Lagoons(Ponds), Rural areas, Maintenance,
Populations, Septic tanks, Regulations, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois), Alternative
planning.
PB-297 031/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-4, Part 1.
Water Quality Investigations In Cedar Lake. Final
rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,103p GERPDC-78-489
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
Burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-3, PB-297
030, and Appendix B-4, Part 2, PB-297 032.
The Water Quality Investigations in Cedar Lake is Ap-
pendix B-4, Part 1 of the Areawide Waste Treatment
and Water Quality Management Plan for Southern Illi-
nois. The Report was prepared under Section 208 of
the Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. It ad-
dresses the water quality in Cedar Lake and the rel-
evance of its watershed. Also discussed are the af-
fects of pesticides on the water and aquatic life.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
•Cedar Lake, Regional planning, Management plan-
ning, Water pollution, Pesticides, Watersheds, DDT,
DieTdrin, Surface waters, Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment, Limnology, Inorganic compounds, Sediments,
Organic compounds, Fishes, Sedimentation,
Mercury(Metal), Regulations, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Southern Region(lllinois), 'Water pollution
abatement, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water
quality data, Heavy metals.
PB-297 032/5 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waate Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning- Appendix B-4, Part 2.
Water Quality Investigation In Rend Lake. Final
rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,94p GERPDC-78-490
Grant EPA-P-005225^1
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-4, Part 1, PB-
297 031, and Appendix B-5, PB-297 033.
The Water Quality Investigations in Rend Lake is Ap-
pendix B-4, Part 2 of the Areawide Waste Treatment
and Water Quality Management Plan for Southern Illi-
nois. The Report was prepared under Section 208 of
the Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. It ad-
dresses the water quality assessment of Rend Lake,
situated in Jefferson and Franklin Counties, and its
tributaries. Also discussed are the physical, chemical,
and biological characteristics of the waters in Rend
Lake watershed.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
•Rend Lake, Regional planning, Management plan-
ning, Water pollution, Sampling, Watersheds, Land
use, Nutrients, Limnology, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Bacteria, Invertebrates, Aquatic ani-
mals, Regulations, 'Water pollution sampling, 'South-
ern Reglon(lllinols), 'Water pollution abatement. Bio-
logical properties, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-297 033/3 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Aretwtde Waate Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-5. The Resto-
ration and Maintenance of High Quality Water.
Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,53p GERPDC-78-491
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
December 1983 689
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-4, Part 2, PB-
297 032, and Appendix B-6, PB-297 034.
The Restoration and Maintenance of High Quality
Water Report is Appendix B-5 of the Areawide Waste
Treatment and Water Quality Management Plan for
Southern Illinois. The report was prepared under Sec-
tion 208 of the Water Pollution Control Act, as amend-
ed. It addresses potential sources of pollution for
public water supplies and recreational waters in the
Southern Illinois 208 area. Also discussed are recom-
mended controls for mitigation and prevention of pollu-
tion problems associated with these water resources.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Water supply, 'Sewage treatment, Regional plan-
ning, Management planning, Water pollution, Water
treatment, Recreational facilities, Sources, Erosion,
Pesticides, Sewage, Nutrients, Coal mining, Regula-
tions, 'Water pollution abatement, * Southern
Region(lllinois), Mine acid drainage.
PB-297 034/1 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, II. Region
Areawide Waete Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix B-6. Land Dee In
the 208 Are*. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,132p GERPDC-78-492
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-5, PB-297
033, and Appendix C-1, PB-297 035.
The Land Use in the 208 Area is Appendix B-6 of the
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality Man-
agement Plan for Southern Illinois. The Report was
prepared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. The Report addresses the
effect of land use in the 208 area on water quality. In-
cluded are current and projected land use for the 208
area and regulations and control mechanisms of land
use that are recommended to be implemented to im-
prove water quality.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Land use, Regional planning, Management planning,
Water pollution, Regulations, Agriculture, Forecasting,
Coal mining, Sewage treatment, Industrial plants,
Urban areas, Forests, Commerce, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois).
PB-297 035/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waete Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix C-1. Energy
Report: Evaluation of Areawide Coal Production
and Future Projections. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL
Nov 78,112p GERPDC-78-493
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix B-6, PB-297
034, and Appendix C-2, PB-297 036.
The Energy Report: Evaluation of Areawide Coal Pro-
duction and Future Projections is Appendix C-1 of the
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality Man-
agement Plan for Southern Illinois. The report was pre-
pared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended. The report forecasts the extent of
expansion of coal mining and related industries to be
expected in the Southern Illinois 208 area between
1975 and 1980, 1981 to 1985, and 1986 to 1995. Par-
ticular emphasis is placed on identification of land
uses that may change as a result of surface mining.
Other matters of interest are the potential impact of
coal gasification and liquefaction, as well as coal-fired
power plants upon water quality, and the magnitude of
population change to be expected as a result of all
such developments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Illinois, Surface mining, Coal gasification, Elec-
tric power plants, Coal mines, Trends, Forecasting,
Coals, Sulfur, Marketing, Land use, Economic analysis,
Population growth, Regulations, Regional planning,
Sites, Employment, Industrial wastes, Management
planning, Sources, Coal fired power plants, Coal lique-
faction, "Energy resources, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Southern Region(lllinois).
PB-297 036/6 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix C-2. Geology of
the Coal-Mining Portion of the Southern Illinois
208 Area and Its Application to Water Quality
Problems. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,62p GERPDC-78-494
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix C-1, PB-297
035, and Appendix C-3, PB-297 037.
The Geology of the Coal-Mining Portion of the South-
ern Illinois 208 Area and Its Applications to Water
Quality Problems report is Appendix C-2 of the
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality Man-
agement Plan for Southern Illinois. The report was pre-
pared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended. The report addresses the physio-
graphy, topography, structure and stratigraphy of the
Southern Illinois 208 area, and their relationship to
water quality problems. Included are conclusions and
recommendations.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Mine waters, 'Coal mining, Management planning,
Sources, Regional planning, Geomorphology, Topog-
*fhy, Stratigraphy, pH, Tectonics, Regulation, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois).
PB-297 037/4 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Areawide Waete Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix C-3. Summary
Report for the Southern Illinois 208 Mine Waete
Control Program. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale. IL.
Nov 78,106p GERPDC-78-495A
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix C-2, PB-297
036, and Appendix C-4, PB-297 038.
The Summary Report for the Southern Illinois 208
Mine Wastes Control Program is Appendix C-3 of the
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality Man-
agement Plan for Southern Illinois. The report was pre-
pared under section 208 of the Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended. The report presents a simulated
computer model of the mine waste control program In
Southern Illinois.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Mathematical models, 'Mine waters, Management
planning, Sources, Coal mines, Sampling, Forecasting,
Assessments, Regional planning, Big Muddy River
Basin, Saline River Basin, Regulations, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Southern Region(lllinois), Acid mine
drainage, Baseline studies, 'Mine wastes.
PB-297 038/2 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waete Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix C-4. The 208 Ma-
crolnvertebrate Study Report • The Effects of
Acid Mine Drainage on Mean Speclee Diversity In
Six Southern Illinois Streams. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78, 75p GERPDC-78-496
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix C-3, PB-297
OSTTand Appendix D, PB-297 039.
The 208 Macroinvertebrate Study Report: The Effects
of Acid Mine Drainage on Mean Species Diversity in
Six Southern Illinois Streams is Appendix C-4 of the
Areawide Waste Treatment and Water Quality Man-
agement Plan for Southern Illinois. The report was pre-
pared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution Control
Act, as amended. It addresses the effect of acid-mine
drainage from both deep shaft and strip mine oper-
ations in Southern Illinois upon macroinvertebrates. in-
cluded are descriptions of field sampling and labora-
tory methodology as well as findings anrf conclusions.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois, 'In-
vertebrates, 'Toxicology, Drainage, Coal mining, Re-
gional planning, Management planning, Water pollu-
tion, Aquatic animals, Insects, Surface mining, Strip
mining, Field tests, Sampling, Streams, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Acid mine drainage, 'Southern
Region(lllinois), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Heavy metals, 'Toxic substances.
PB-297 039/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawide Waete Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix D. Areawio*
Management Strategy for Water Quality- Final rept;
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,75p GERPDC-78-497
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix C-4, PB-29"
038, and Appendix F. PB-297 040.
The Areawide Management Strategy for Water Quality
is Appendix D of the Areawide Waste Treatment and
Water Quality Management Plan for Southern Illinois.
The Report was prepared under Section 208 of the
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. The Report
addresses the management issues surrounding the
208 Plan. A summary of Plan recommendations, de-
tailed agency designation information, and the pro-
posed areawide management structure, authorities
and responsibilities are discussed, along with costs.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois,
'Sewage treatment, Regional planning, Management,
Agriculture, Coal mining, Erosion, Water treatment, Or-
ganizations, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Regula-
tions, 'Water pollution abatement. 'Southern
Region(lllinois), Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB-297 040/8 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Areawide Waate Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Appendix F. Environmen-
tal Aaaeeament Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Nov 78,236p GERPDC-78-499
Grant EPA-P-005225-01
Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Illinois Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission. Harris-
burg. See also PB-297 025; Appendix D. PB-297 039,
and Appendix G, PB-297 041.
The Environmental Assessment report is Appendix F
of the Areawide Waate Treatment and Water Quality
Management Plan for Southern Illinois. The report was
prepared under Section 208 of the Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. It is a preliminary assess-
ment of the alternative actions proposed in the South-
ern Illinois 208 Area. Also discussed are the existing
environmental conditions in the 208 area, and project-
ed environmental impacts of alternative actions which
have been considered in the planning process.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Illinois, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Assessments, Methodology, Re-
gional planning, Management planning, Land use,
Coal mining, Agricultural wastes, Sewage, Regula-
tions, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Southern
Region(lllinois), Alternative planning, Point sources.
PB-297 041/6 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
690 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
u« de Wast> Treatment and Water Quality
"•nagement Planning. Appendix Q. Public Partlcl-
cj ™n «nd Planning Coordination: A Process
"•port. Final rapt.
Egypt Regional Planning and Development
n, Carbondale, IL.
!P GERPDC-78-500
(i.005225-01
ainio in ^operation with Southeastern Illinois Ro-
il onai Planning and Development Commission, Harris-
040 also PB'297 025; and Appendix F, PB-297
Parti<:ipation and Planning Coordination: A
process Report is Appendix G of the Areawide Waste
ireatrnent and Water Quality Management Plan for
S«i2?In lllinois. TheReport was prepared under Sec-
«°n Z08 of the Water Pollution Control Act, as amend-
fn™ i resses the participation of the public in the
' ."^"'ation of the areawide waste treatment and water
Ruanty management plan for Southern Illinois. The
rtnE pub'ic Participation on the Plan is identified,
Documented, and assessed in this Report.
»^*0rds: *wa'er quality management, 'Illinois, Citi-
«n participation, Publicity, Communication, Regional
H anning, Management planning, Water pollution, Reg-
•i": "Sl Objectives, 'Water pollution abatement,
southern Region(lllinois).
ffh?9? 051/S pc A06/MF A01
"•nigh River Intensive,
"wpnmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
gJPOlis Field Office.
"aniel K. Donnelly, Joseph L. Slayton, and E. Ramona
"ovato. Mar 79, 11 2p EPA/903/9-79/004
nU,intensive survey of the lower reach of the Lehigh
niver between Palmerton and the mouth was conduct-
Zr ,."nn9 October 1977. The study included the water
Muaiity, hydrologic and benthic characterizations nec-
for calibration and verification of a mathemat-
^ model being developed by the EPA Region III
Wa1er Planning Branch.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, *Lehigh River, Mathemat-
i™ models, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
yonCentratjon(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
r?r!1and, Nitrogen, Carbon. Hydrology, Stream gages,
;™wis, Benthos, Sediments, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
water quality data, Low flow, Bioindicators.
X"?97 054/9 PC A05/MF A01
rf Jonsceous and Nltroganoua Demand Studies
«" me Potomac Estuary,
^wonmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
.ee Slayton, and E. R. Trovato.
f003
I!j2 ^chemical oxygen demand of Potomac River
•no STP effluent samples was determined during the
«i«Hner of 1977. The fraction associated with N.O.D.
"its measured using an inhibitor to nitrification and the
tjjjflsn depletion was monitored during long term incu-
[jMlon. The average deoxygenation constants for the
a? Mmple C.B.O.D. and N.O.D. were 0.14/day k sub
"; 4. N.O.D. was found to be a significant component
?.nje B.O.D.5 for STP effluent and river samples. The
£**K C.B.O.D. was associated with an algal bloom of
Hjywords: 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Potomac
"™»r, 'Water pollution, Nitrification, Sampling, Bacte-
2?' Reaction kinetics, Graphs, Tables(Data),
y'ncentration(Composition), Growth inhibitors, Estu-
j~"**i Particles, Sites, Temperature, Algae, Nitroso-
[jionas, 'Nitrogenous oxygen demand, Water pollu-
gjfi sampling. Carbonaceous oxygen demand, Oscil-
PC A08/MF A01
j=nvironmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
^•termination of Emission Rates of Hydrocar-
5*» from Indigenous Species of Vegetation In
m« Tampa/St. Petersburg, Florida Area. Tampa
r°«y Area Photochemical Oxldant Study. Final
•shington State Univ., Pullman. Coll. ot Engineering
Research Div.
« R. Zimmerman. 2 Fob 79, 174p EPA/904/9-77/
Contract EPA-68-02-4432
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-282 350.
This report describes the methodology used to devel-
op a natural hydrocarbon emission inventory for the
Tampa/St. Petersburg Florida area. Hydrocarbon
emissions for more than 600 vegetation samples were
collected and quantified chromatographically in terms
of Total Nonmethane Hydrocarbons, Paraffins, Ole-
fins, Aromatics, and Methane. The report also includes
a detailed study of vegetation type, amount, and distri-
bution over the study area. Hourly emission factors
were determined for each hydrocarbon component
and species. These emission factors are coded onto a
1.5 x 1.5 km grid measuring 54 x 40 which covers the
study area. Emission rates for various Florida vegeta-
tion species, associations, and land use categories are
given. The principal investigator calculates that natural
emissions during the summer months are approxi-
mately 160 metric tons per day, or an average emis-
sion flux of approximately 1350 microgram/sq m/hr
during the daytime (30 C) and 700 microgram/sq m/hr
during the nighttime (25 C). Isoprene, the single largest
nonmethane emission component, is approximately
18% of the daily TNMHC emission. The next largest
emission component is a-Pinene (10% of daily
TNMHC emission). Methane emissions were calculat-
ed to be approximately 33% of the TNMHC plus meth-
ane total. The data is recorded on computer tape
which contains all field data, the emission factors, and
the computer programs used to generate the hydro-
carbon emission inventory.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, *Vegeta*bn,
Oxidizers, Inventories, Land use, Methodology, Sam-
pling, Field tests, Leaves(Botany), Biomass, Sites,
Laboratory equipment, Plants(Botany), 'Natural emis-
sions, Emission factors, Emission rates,
Tampa(Florida), Saint Petersburg(Florida), Numerical
solution.
PB-297 096/0 PC A12/MF A01
Federal Interagency Committee on the Health and En-
vironmental Effects of Energy Technologies, McLean,
VA.
Health and Environmental Effects of Oil Shale
Technology: A Workshop Summary and Panel Re-
ports. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Richard Brown. May 79,267p' MTR-79W00136,
DOE/HEW/EPA-02
Contract DE-AC01-79EV10018
The report responds to President Carter's directive to
identify health and environmental problems associated
with advanced energy technologies. The report con-
tains a presentation of the highlights of the issues and
the detailed information requirements identified by
panels of a workshop held in Denver, Colorado in April
1978 to address the health and environmental effects
of oil shale technology. The purposes of this workshop
were to: (1) assemble multidisciplines of biomedical
and environmental scientists to address current devel-
opments in these technologies. (2) review and identity
specific health and environmental issues and prob-
lems associated with their development and commer-
cialization, and (3) consider research strategies re-
quired to address them and to identify requisite infor-
mation needs for resolving uncertainties of assessing
the relevant impacts o1 oil shale technologies. The six
panels of the workshop were: health effects; air qual-
ity; water quantity, quality, and aquatic ecology; terres-
trial effects; ambient measuring and monitoring; and
source characterization. Panel reports containing spe-
cific information on environmental and health effects,
information requirements, and detailed research state-
ments are included in this report.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Meetings, Environmental im-
pacts, Water quality, Fossil fuel deposits, Ecology, En-
vironments, Aquatic biology, Research, Requirements,
Air quality, Environmental health, Energy source devel-
opment.
PB-297 112/5 PC A03/MF A01
Lake Cochrane Perimeter Road-Sediment Traps
Project. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Jerry L. Siegel. Apr 79, 31 p EPA/908/3-79/001
Prepared by East-Dakota Conservancy Sub-District,
Brookings.
Lake Cochrane is one of the few deep high quality prai-
rie lakes in northeastern South Dakota. Local interests
tried unsuccessfully for several years to develop
measures to reduce sediment inflow. The proposal to
develop sediment traps as a part of the lake's perim-
eter road system was selected for a grant award under
EPA's 'Clean Lakes' program initiated in 1975. This
small lake preservation project utilized the technical
and/or financial resources of every level of govern-
ment. For an allocated cost of about $20,000, three
sediment traps were developed to control the sedi-
ment inflow from 66% of the lake's watershed area. By
incorporating the sediment traps into the perimeter
road system, 2700 feet of new gravel road, the sedi-
ment traps, and a new boat access area were con-
structed at a cost of $34,700. In addition, two of the
sediment traps have been utilized as fish rearing
ponds. Due to limited data and numerous sediment-
nutrient producing activities occurring concurrently, it
has been difficult to evaluate the impact of the project
on the lake. Preliminary evidence indicates good sus-
pended solids removal in the sediment traps. There is
evidence, however, that temporary storage of runoff
water may not provide any nutrient removal.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Sediments, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Lake Cochrane, Traps, Nutrients, Financing,
Proposals, Removal, Boats, Runoff, South Dakota,
*Nonpoint sources.
P8-297 119/0 PC A11/MF A01
Evaluation of the Microbiology Standards for
Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Charles W. Hendricks. Aug 78,228p' EPA-570/9-78-
002
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 provides a unique
opportunity for the Federal Government to construc-
tively add to the traditional and varied roles of state
and local governments in providing safe drinking water
for this Nation's public. This volume focuses on the
present standards for coliform bacteria, coliform bac-
teria detection and control, compliance with the coli-
form standard, and alternative means of determining
compliance, and lays the groundwork for future regula-
tions development. It is anticipated that the discus-
sions in this proceedings, in addition to the National
Academy of Sciences Review, will provide the Environ-
mental Protection Agency with new insights into the
technical problems associated with the M.C.L.'s for
coliform bacteria and help to establish a firm basis for
their revision.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Bacteria, "Colitorm bacte-
ria, Detection, Water pollution, Legislation,
Law(Jurisprudence), Evaluation, Standards, National
government, Microbiology, State government, Local
government, Regulations, Control, Indicator species,
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, 'Drinking water,
'Water quality maintenance, Bioindicators, Standards
compliance, Public Law 93-523.
PB-297 122/4 PC A05/MF A01
Sources of Emissions of Polychlorlnated Blphen-
yls Into the Ambient Atmosphere and Indoor Air,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Kathryn E. MacLeod. Mar 79,81 p EPA/600/4-79/022
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been identified
in air samples from many parts of the world since
1960s. This study was undertaken to identify and com-
pare different sources of PCB in indoor and outdoor
air. All sampling was performed in central North Caroli-
na. The suspected sources that were tested were
flourescent light ballasts, landfills, electrical substa-
tions, a transformer manufacturer, and the sites of il-
legal dumpings. Defective light ballasts emit large
quantities of PCB and are an important indoor source.
Capacitors in small electrical equipment may also be
an important source. In general, indoor air levels of
PCB were at least one order of magnitude higher than
outdoor levels. The data indicate that the landfills and
electrical substations tested are not major sources of
PCS. The transformer manufacturer fiad elevated
levels of PCB in the immediate area of the plant but did
not contribute greatly to the levels found off the prop-
erty. The spill sites also had elevated levels of the con-
taminant in their immediate area, but the levels 50-100
m away were normal for rural areas.
December 1983 691
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Chlorine organic
compounds, Earth fills, Transformers, Industrial
wastes, Sites, Chemical analysis, Electric substations,
Ballasts(Electric), Fluorescent lamps, Monitoring, Gas
analysis, 'Polychlorinated biphenyis, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, *Air pollution sampling, Biphenyl/perchloro, Air
pollution detection.
PB-297 137/2
PC A99/MF A01
Multldlscipllnary Perspectives In Event-Related
Brain Potential Research,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
David A. Otto. Dec 77,676p EPA/600/9-77/043
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Biological Sciences Research Center. Pro-
ceedings of the International Congress on Event-Re-
lated Slow Potentials of the Brain (4th) (EPIC IV) Held
at Hendersonville, NC. on April 4-10,1976.
The volume is the Proceedings of the Fourth Interna-
tional Congress on Event-Related Potentials of the
Brain (EPIC-IV) held in Hendersonville, North Carolina
in April 1976. It contains 118 manuscripts including
critical reviews and data reports in the following areas
of ERP research: (1) electrogenesis and neuroche-
mistry, (2) motor control, (3) information processing,
(4) language, (5) developmental disorders, (6) psycho-
pathology, (7) environmental toxicology, (8) scalp dis-
tribution, (9) alternatives to signal averaging, and (10)
theoretical models. The environmental section as-
sesses the progress of neurobehavioral research on
the health effects of environmental toxicants, evalu-
ates the utility of evoked potential research techniques
in environmental toxicology, and encourages neurobe-
havioral research in problems of environmental con-
cern. Many issues concerning the neurochemical sub-
strate and functional significance of ERPs are dis-
cussed with the objective of defining multidisciplinary
approaches for resolution. The volume provides useful
reviews and models to assimilate the growing body of
ERP data from anatomy, physiology, pharmacology,
psychology, linguistics, toxicology, neurology, psychia-
try, and allied clinical sciences. The proceedings will
serve, therefore, as a planning document as well as a
progress report in the field of ERP research.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Brain, 'Central nervous
system, Reviews, Research, Electrpencephalography,
nology,
iformation
processing(Humans).
PB-297 163/8 PC A03/MF A01
Algal Nutrient Studies of the Potomac Estuary.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Joseph Lee Slayton, and E. R. Trovato. 1977,38p
EPA/903/9-79/002
The nutrient requirements of the phytoplankton of the
Potomac Estuary were studied during the summer of
1977 employing the following laboratory tests: NH4(t)-
N uptake, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity; ex-
tractable surplus orthophosphate; tissue analysis for
carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content; and nitro-
gen fixation by acetylene reduction. The results indi-
cated that the bloom of Oscillatoria was limited by ni-
trogen and that adequate phosphorus was present.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Nutrients, 'Potomac River Estu-
ary, Biochemical cycles, Nitrogen, Ammonium com-
pounds, Nitrogen fixation, Phosphatases, Enzymes,
Plankton blooms, 'Oscillatoria.
PB-297 164/6 PC A08/MF A01
An EPA Manual for Organic* Analysis Using Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
William L Budde, and James W. Eichelberger. Mar 79,
166p* EPA/600/8-79/006
This procedural manual defines the areas of applicabil-
ity of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in envi-
ronmental analysis. The manual includes sample prep-
aration methods specifically adapted to this measure-
ment technique, data processing and interpretation
methods, quality control procedures, quantitative ana-
lytical techniques, utility software requirements, pre-
ventive maintenance recommendations, systematic
trouble shooting methods, and a selected bibliogra-
phy.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass
spectroscopy, Organic compounds, Manuals, Environ-
mental impacts, Tables(Data), Ecology, Quality con-
trol, Sampling, Quantitative analysis, Measurement,
Recommendations, Maintenance, Bibliographies.
PB-297 165/3 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Design and Cost of Feedlot Runoff Control Facili-
ties. Final rept. 15 Jun 75-31 Dec 77,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
Sineering.
. Ronald Miner, Robert B. Wensink, and Robert M.
McDowell. Mar 79,147p EPA/600/2-79/070
GrantEPA-R-803819
Cattle feedlot runoff pollution control necessitates
facilities to intercept and store surface runoff so
manure-contaminated waters are prevented from en-
tering streams and lakes. Design of these facilities re-
quires a matching of individual structures to proposed
management techniques and regional climatic data.
Two computer models were developed for these pur-
poses. The first, the sufficient design program, was a
simulation model which sized feedlot runoff retention
ponds based upon climatic data and management
dewatering policies. In addition to minimum pond
volume, the sufficient design model listed average
number of yearly pumpings for each simulated man-
agement alternative at a selected pumping rate. The
second model, an economic budget generator, deter-
mined cost of open feedlot runoff control systems. The
models were tested at seven selected locations in the
United States to determine effects of five pumping
rates and seven management dewatering alternatives
on minimum storage volumes required to prevent dis-
charges as defined by EPA Effluent Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock,
'Waste disposal, 'Sewage treatment, Mathematical
models, Design, Lagoons(Ponds), Dewatering, Cli-
mate, Control systems, Cost analysis, Water storage,
Standards, Manure, Feedlot wastes, Storm water
runoff.
PB-297 198/4 PC A12/MF A01
Mobile Bed Flux Force/Condensation Scrubber*.
Final rept. Nov 75-Dec 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA. Industri-
al Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. C. Yung, R. Chmielewski, and S. Calvert. Feb 79,
262p EPA/600/7-79/071
Contract EPA-68-02-2124
The report gives results of an experimental determina-
tion of fine particle collection in mobile bed scrubbers.
Particle collection efficiency increased greatly as the
gas-phase pressure drop increased. With no water
vapor condensation, the performance capability of a
mobile bed scrubber is less than that of a gas-atom-
ized spray scrubber with the same pressure drop.
Compared to packed bed and sieve plate scrubbers,
the mobile bed scrubber has better efficiency when the
pressure drop is above 20 cm W.C. Limestone in the
scrubber liquid has no effect on particle collection.
When the mobile bed scrubber was used as a flux
force/condensation (FF/C) scrubber, it had better per-
formance characteristics than sieve plate and spray
scrubbers with condensation. However, its capability is
inferior to a FF/C system consisting of a condenser
and venturi scrubber. Design equations reported in the
literature are inadequate to predict the collection effi-
ciency and pressure drop of the mobile bed scrubber.
The study developed new correlations to predict parti-
cle collection and pressure drop.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Scrubbers, Particles, Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Pilot plants, Sam-
pling, Mathematical models, Forecasting, 'Flux force/
condensation scrubbers, Numerical solution.
PB-297 286/3 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
line* In the State of Tennessee. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
Apr 79,452p EPA/904/9-79/036
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in Tennessee. The study is to oe
used primarily to assist EPA and state decisions on
achieving the emission limitations of the RACT stand-
ards. The economic impact was assessed tor the fol-
lowing 13 RACT industrial categories: surface coatings
(cans, coils, paper, fabrics, metal furniture, large appli-
ances); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gasoline termi-
nals; refinery systems; bulk gasoline plants; storage or
petroleum liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispens-
ing stations-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs ana
direct impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limi-
tations for these 13 industry categories in Tennessee.
Direct economic costs and benefits from the imple-
mentation of RACT limitations were identified and
quantified while secondary impacts (energy, employ-
ment, etc.) are addressed, they were not a major em-
phasis in the study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Economic impact, 'Industri-
al wastes, Guidelines, State government, Regulations,
Hydrocarbons, Coatings, Metal cleaning, Gasoline,
Refineries, Storage tanks, Petroleum products, As-
phalt, Papers, Textiles, Automobiles, Furniture, Insula-
tion, Degreasing, Tennessee, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Fugitive emissions, Service stations, Ep"
Region 4.
PB-297 310/5 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study. Dlchotomous Aero-
sol Sampling System. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
E. Nelson. Apr 79, 50p EPA/600/4-79/024
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
Ten of twenty-five stations making up the Regional Air
Monitoring System (RAMS) in St. Louis were equipped
with dichotomous samplers and high volume filter
samplers for aerosol measurements. The dichoto-
mous samplers were designed for automatic operation
and were capable of colfecting up to 36 samples in
each of two size fractions before filter stacks must be
changed. Sample filters were pro-weighed by beta
gauging before exposure in St. Louis and subsequently
returned to LBL for determination of aerosol mass in
each size fraction, as well as determination by x-ray
fluorescence of the concentrations of the following
elements: A, Si, P, C, K, Cr, Mn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba,
Hg, S, Ca, Ti, V. Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Se, Br, Cd, and Pb.
Approximately 33,000 samples were collected be-
tween March 1975 and March 1977. The operation of
the samplers in the RAMS network is described along
with problems encountered and procedures used for
preventive maintenance and quality control. Also de-
scribed are two streaker samplers specially installed
for continuous aerosol measurements and a silicon
cell pyranometer.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Samplers, Air pollution,
Aerosols, X ray fluorescence,
ConcentrationfComposition), Chemical analysis, Fail-
ure analysis, Performance evaluation, Quality assur-
ance, Sites, Missouri, 'Dichotomous samplers, 'Air
pollution detection, 'Air pollution sampling, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB-297 311/3 PCA03/MFA01
Development of Scaling Criteria for Terrestrial Mi-
crocosms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. Ecosys-
tem Modeling and Analysis Branch.
Mostafa A. Shirazi. Feb 79,32p EPA/600/3-79/017
Theoretical developments based on heat and moisture
transfer in soil lead to dimensionless numbers that de-
scribe important processes taking place in porous
media. It is proposed that these numbers can be used
as preliminary scientific criteria for scaling the results
from microcosms both as a means of comparing two
generally similar but non-identical systems as well as
for better understanding the real world.
692 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Scaling, 'Soil water, Development, Crite-
ria, Moisture, Heat, Toxicology, Simulation, Recom-
mendations, Ecology, 'Microcosms, 'Terrestrial eco-
systems, Toxic substances.
PB-297 354/3 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Economic Impact of Implementing Two RACT
guideline* In the State of Alabama.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
foster D.SnellDiv.
May 79,106p EPA/904/9-79/038
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology (RACT) stand-
was for selected industrial categories in Alabama. The
study is to be used primarily to assist EPA and state
™clsions on achieving the emission limitations of the
nACT standards. The economic impact was assessed
JOT the following 2 RACT industrial categories: surface
coating of cans and metal furniture. The scope of this
Project was to determine the costs and direct impact of
control to achieve RACT guideline limitations. Direct
fconornic costs and benefits from the Implementation
o' RACT limitations were identified and quantified
wile secondary impacts (social, energy, employment,
«c.) are addressed, they were not a major emphasis In
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coatings, 'Cans, 'Furniture,
.economic impact, Guidelines, Industrial wastes,
Benefit cost analysis, Hydrocarbons, Manufacturing,
Chlorine organic compounds, Regulations, State gov-
ernment, Methane, Ethane, Alabama, 'Air pollution
"oatement, 'Reasonably available control technology,
ePA Region 4, Ethane/trlchloro-trifluoro, Freon 1f3,
ttnane/trichloro.
{JB-297 393/1 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
ri^ct of Dlethylhydroxylamlne on Smog Cham-
yt Irradiation*. Final rept.,
Whrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
«fry T. Cupitt, and Eric W. Corse. Apr 79,101 p EPA/
WJO/3-79/040
<-Ontract EPA-68-02-2566
The addition of diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) to the
"rban atmosphere had been suggested as a means of
preventing photochemical smog. Smog chamber stud-
ies were carried out to Investigate the photochemical
?rr>og formation characteristics of irradiated hydrocar-
oon-nitrogen oxides - DEHA mixtures. Propylene and
[rjj'lane were the hydrocarbons used. The effects of
"eHA upon ozone formation, aerosol formation, per-
oxyacetyl nitrate formation, nitric oxide-to-NOx conver-
sion, and hydrocarbon consumed are described. The
rate constant for the reaction DEHA + OH yields to
Products was estimated as 4.1 + or - 3.4 X 10 to the
Ejnpower/ppm/mln. Possible reaction schemes for
"£HA in the photochemical smog mechanism are dis-
cussed. The addition of DEHA to a HC/NOx system in-
nipits the conversion of NO to NO2 during the initial
minutes of irradiation, but after continued irradiation
accelerates this conversion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smog, Urban areas,
'«st chambers, Photochemical reactions, Hydrocar-
°ons, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Laboratory
equipment, Graphs(Charts), 'Amine/diethyl-hydroxy,
wiemical reaction mechanisms, Atmospheric chemis-
try.
JB-297 394/9 PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical Studies of the Potomac Estuary -
Summer 1978,
environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
ph Lee Slayton, and E. Ramona Trovato. May 79,
EPA/903/9-79/005
The carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand of
potomac River and STP effluent samples was deter-
mined during the summer of 1978. The oxygen deple-
wn kinetics were studied during long term Incubation
"sing an inhibitor to nitrification. The average deoxy-
flenation constants k sub e for the river sample CBOD
and NOD were 0.12/day and 0.10/day, respectively.
1 ne CBOD of the Potomac STP effluent samples fol-
lowed first order kinetics with an average k sub e =
.16/day. The NOD for the STP effluent samples had a
significant lag time resulting in poor correlation coeffi-
cients for first order fit. The average algal contribution
to the BODS was 0.027 mg/micrograms chlorophyll a
with 70% due to decay and 30% due to respiration.
Keywords: 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Nitrifica-
tion, 'Potomac Estuary, 'Water pollution, Algae,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases. Respiration,
Digestion(Decomposition), Reaction kinetics, Phyto-
plankton, Chlorophylls, Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen-
ation, Bioassay, Efficiency,
Concentration(Composition).
PB-297 410/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Surface Reactions of Oxides of Sulfur. Final rept.
Dec 73-May 78,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
J. H. Lunsford. Apr 79,42p EPA/600/7-79/088
Grant EPA-R-801136
Surface reactions of several sulfur-containing mole-
cules have been studied in order to understand the
mechanism by which sulfate ions are formed on at-
mospheric aerosols. At 25C the heterogeneous oxida-
tion of SO2 by NO2 to sulfuric acid and sulfate ions oc-
curred on hydrated silica and silica-alumina surfaces.
The oxidation of SOS by O2 was undetectably slow on
these surfaces; however, the reaction was catalyzed
by Mn(+2) ions In a Y-type zeolite. In this case the
only reaction product was a SO4(-2) species which
was strongly bound in the zeolite micropores. Molecu-
lar oxygen also reacted with H2S on zeolites and mag-
nesium oxide. The primary reactions on zeolites result-
ed in the formation of elemental sulfur, whereas, on
MgO a variety of products were observed including
elemental sulfur, sulfide Ions, sulflte ions and a number
of paramagnetic ions such as S3(-), S20(-) and S sub
n(-). Experiments were also carried out to identify and
to determine the mechanism by which S2O(-) and
H2S2(-> are formed on MgO. To establish the geomet-
ric structure of the S2O(-) ion and other paramagnetic
sulfur-containing molecules on MgO, CNDO semiem-
pirical calculations were carried out to determine theo-
retical values of g tensors and spin densities as a func-
tion of bond angles and bond lengths.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Surface chemistry, 'Air
pollution, 'Ion exchange resins, Oxidation, Sulfur,
Catalysts, Aerosols, Oxygen, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydro-
gen sulflde, Chemical reactions, Adsorption, Electron
paramagnetic resonance, Magnesium oxides, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, Heterogeneous reactions,
Zeolites.
PB-297 438/4 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
Development of an Emergency Response Pro-
gram lor Transportation of Hazardous Waste.
Final rept.
Envirex, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. Environmental Sciences
Div.
1979,343p* EPA/530/SW-171C
Contract EPA-68-01-3973
There exists a great interest in problems associated
with hazardous materials spills due to the anticipated
increase in transportation of hazardous wastes. This
project surveyed and summarized the capabilities of
existing systems, and evaluated their applicability to
hazardous waste spills. Federal and State regulations
regarding spill notification, reporting requirements, and
clean-up procedures were reviewed. Fourteen infor-
mation sources, eighteen response manuals, and five
response teams were evaluated in the study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Nation-
al government, State government, Accident preven-
tion, Cargo transportation, Water pollution, 'Hazard-
ous materials spills, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes, Oil
spills, Procedures.
PB-297 450/9 PC A09/MF A01
Introduction to Instrumental Analysis of Water
Pollutant*. Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Audrey E. Kroner, and Charles R. Feldmann. May 79,
190p* EPA/430/1-79/004
Supersedes PB-261 318.
This training manual contains outlined information
used by lectures when presenting topics in EPA-
NTOTC course 107.1, 'Introduction to Instrumental
Analysis of Water Pollutants.' The contents concern
instrumental methods most commonly used for water
analysis. Information useful to analysis (e.g. statistics)
and a section of laboratory procedures adapted for
class groups are included.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment, 'Water analysis,
'Manuals, Flame photometry, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Quality control, Calibrating, Conductiv-
ity, Oxygen, Monitoring, Dissolved gases,
Concentration(Composition), Volumetric analysis, Ab-
sorption spectra, Spectrophotometers, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Zinc, Copper, Emission spectroscopy, Trace
elements, Organic compounds, Separation, Extracts,
Turbidimeters, Thin layer chromatography, Nuclear
magnetic resonance, Gas chromatography, Infrared
spectroscopy, Carbon, Mass spectroscopy, 'Water
pollution detection, Winkler test, Liquid chromatogra-
phy, Procedures.
PB-297 451/7 PC A08/MF A01
Handbook for Analytical Quality Control In Water
and Wastewater Laboratories. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncin-
natt, OH.
Robert L. Sooth. Mar 79,157p' EPA/600/4-79/019
This handbook is addressed to laboratory directors,
leaders of field investigations, and other personnel
who bear responsibility for water and wastewater data.
Subject matter of the handbook is concerned primarily
with quality control (QC) for chemical and biological
tests and measurements. Chapters are also Included
on QC aspects of sampling, microbiology, biology, ra-
diochemistry, and safety as they relate to water and
wastewater pollution control. Sufficient information is
offered to allow the reader to inaugurate or reinforce
programs of analytical QC that emphasize early recog-
nition, prevention, and correction of factors leading to
breakdowns in the validity of water and wastewater
pollution control data.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Quality control, 'Labora-
tories, 'Sewage treatment, Handbooks, Waste water,
Water chemistry, Bacteria, Tests, Measurement, In-
strumentation, Education, Personnel, Monitoring, Ra-
diochemlstry, Microbiology, Quantitative analysis,
Safety, Water pollution control, Trace elements.
PB-297 453/3 PC A08/MF A01
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
FL.
Proceedings of a Conference on Advanced Pollu-
tion Control for the Metal Finishing Industry (2nd)
Held at KlMlmmee, FL. on February 5-7,1979.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Jun 79,153p EPA/600/8-79/014
Sponsored in part by American Electroplaters' Society,
Inc., Winter Park, FL
Technical research papers given at the Conference
cover facets of air, water, and solid waste pollution
control. Specific topic areas includes the following:
Regulatory status; Solid waste control; Pretreatment;
Wastewater technology; and, Analytical methods and
air.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Metal finishing,
'Metal industry, "Meetings, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Sludge dispos-
al, Economics, Solvents. Monitoring, Chemical analy-
sis, Manufacturing, Electric batteries, Electroplating,
Industrial wastes, Water reclamation, Nickel, Ion ex-
changing, Filtration, Chromium, Activated carbon,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Materials recovery, Field
tests, Reverse osmosis, Evaporation, Sulfides, Zinc
cyanides, Heavy metals.
PB-297 454/1 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Lagoon Effluent Suspended Solid* by
a Slow-Rock Fitter. Final rept. 1973-75,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
December 1983 693
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Walter J. O'Brien, and Ross E. McKinney. Jun 79,
120p EPA/600/2-79/011
Contract EPA-68-03-0280
The objective of this project was to examine the re-
moval of algae cells and other suspended solids con-
tained in the effluents from facultative lagoons treating
domestic wastewaters by means of rock filters. Two
rock filters were constructed and operational over a 16
month period to determine the operating characteris-
tics of the rock filter systems. Both rock filters removed
essentially the same amount of suspended solids but
the small rock filter clogged after 11 months operation.
Biological activity within the rock filter was noted by the
changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations. The data
indicated that it was not possible to obtain effluent sus-
pended solids concentrations below the desired 30
mg/l for municipal wastewater treatment systems. The
BOOS concentrations in the effluents from the rock fil-
ters were consistently below the 30 mg/l effluent crite-
ria.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
•Filtration, Algae, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Concentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Chlorophylls, Commercial buildings, Resi-
dential buildings, Industrial waste treatment, Perform-
ance evaluation, * Rock filters.
PB-297 466/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Purification of Waters Discharged from Polish
Lignite Mines. Rept. for Sep 74-Aug 77,
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-pit Mining,
Wroclaw (Poland).
Henryk Janiak. Apr 79,178p EPA/600/7-79/099
Contract EPA-05-534-3
The exploitation of lignite deposits is linked with the
necessity of lowering the groundwater table and dewa-
terlng the mine of precipitation. A large percentage of
the discharge waters requires purification prior to deliv-
ery of receiving streams. The chief pollutants of these
waters are the oxygen demand, and occasionally high
iron. Purification of these waters is limited, as a rule, to
a reduction in suspended matter and turbidity. The
method most commonly used is sedimentation in large
sedimentation basins. For some difficult to purify mine
waters and during periods of adverse atmospheric
conditions, this technology does not produce satisfac-
tory results. To improve sedimentation basin efficiency
studies were conducted using flocculants. The de-
pendence of purification on the length of fast mixing,
flocculant dose rates, and concentration of solutions
employed were evaluated. The laboratory results were
verified in a pilot scale sedimentation basin. The scope
of the research included studies of the hydraulics of
the sedimentation basin and investigations of floccu-
lant application. The relationships between the dose of
flocculant and time of retention and the reduction of
suspended solids, turbidity, oxygen demand and other
chemical parameters were made. Results of pilot tests
confirmed the usability of cationic polyelectrolites in
purification of mine waters.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Lignite, 'Water pollution
control, Oxygen demand, Iron, Turbidity, Sedimenta-
tion, Flocculants, Polyelectrolytes, Field tests, Poland,
•Foreign technology.
PB-297 480/6 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Smog Chamber Validation Using Lagranglan At-
mospheric Data. Interim rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Oept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Charles Eugene Feigley, Harvey E. Jeffries, and Myra
A. Carpenter. May 79,272p EPA/600/3-79/050
Grant EPA-800916
A method was developed for validating outdoor smog
chamber experiments as a means of determining the
relationships between oxidant concentrations and its
precursors - hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. When
chamber experiments were performed in a manner
that simulated relevant meteorological processes and
precursor concentrations, the validation method
showed that photochemical smog reactions observed
in the smog chamber generally agreed with data from
the Los Angeles Reactive Pollutant Program (LARPP).
The LARPP data consist of detailed airborne and
ground level pollutant and meteorological meas-
urements.
Keywords: "Air pollution, *Smog, 'Mathematical
models, Test chambers, Photochemical reactions.
Trends, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Field tests, Assess-
ments, Reaction kinetics, Comparison, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric diffusion,
California, Los Angeles(California), Numerical solution,
LARPP program.
PB-297 491/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis of Priority Pollutants at a Primary Alumi-
num Production Facility. Final rept. Mar 78-Jan 79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Gary D. Rawllngs, and Thomas J. Hoogheem. Apr 79,
48p MRC-DA-861, EPA/600/2-79/087
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
This project Investigated the source of priority pollut-
ants, assessment of the wastewater treatment plant,
and priority pollutant removal efficiency for a single So-
derberg-type primary aluminum plant. Forty-eight hour
composite samples were collected from the following
streams: (1) plant intake water; (2) wastewater from
the primary air pollution control system (gas stream
cooling water and wet EPS's); (3) secondary air pollu-
tion control system (room ventilation wet scrubber
liquor); (4) paste plant briquette cooling water; and (5)
final effluent after the wastewater treatment plant.
Wastewater from the primary air pollution control
system entered a conventional chemical coagulation
(using slacked lime)-clarification plant. Clarified water
from the clarifier was combined with the other three
wastewater streams and flowed into a settling lagoon
with a 20-hr hydraulic retention time. Clarified lagoon
water was finally discharged to the river. The principal
source of organic compounds In the wastewater was
from the primary and secondary air pollution control
systems and results from the volatilization of petro-
leum coke and pitch in the Soderberg anode.
Wastewater treatment plant removal efficiencies of
greater than 85% were achieved for the majority of the
organic priority pollutant species detected.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Aluminum industry, Coagulation,
Clarification, Lagoons(Ponds), Settling, Organic com-
pounds, Sources, Process charting, Performance eval-
uation, Sampling, Water analysis, Industrial waste
treatment, Scrubbing.
PB-297 493/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Bloaccumulatlon of Heavy Metals by Littoral and
Pelagic Marine Organisms. Final rept.,
Moss Landing Marine Labs., CA.
John H. Martina Mar 79,65p EPA/600/3-79/038
Grant EPA-R-802350
Marine organisms appear to be useful indicators of
heavy metal pollution in the marine environment. In
order to test this concept, research was performed to
determine the levels of heavy metals in selected indi-
cator organisms. Several approaches were used. The
first was to select intertidal invertebrates that are
widely distributed and are readily accessible for collec-
tion. Tests with the limpet Acmaea scabra proved in-
conclusive, while those with the turban snail {Tegula
funebralis) showed anthropogenic silver input. The ex-
perience gained from these studies indicated that seri-
ous problems could exist when using organisms as
monitors. As a result, a study on pooling of individuals
for monitoring studies was performed. A second ap-
proach was to transplant oysters and mussels from
clean to polluted environments in order to see if these
organisms reflected ambient environmental levels.
Significant increases in selected elements were ob-
served In both bivalves and the general approach ap-
pears promising. As is the case with many other pollut-
ant studies, the general conclusion drawn from this
study and the others mentioned above is that many
marine organisms have high concentrations of heavy
the organisms cannot be determined on the basis of
measuring amounts alone.
Keywords: 'Metals, Tolerances(Physiology), Inverte-
brates, Indicator species, Marine biology, Aquatic ani-
mals, Oysters, Mussels, Concentration(Composition),
Snails, Ecology, Spectrophotometry, Bioindicators,
'Bloaccumulatlon, 'water pollution effects(Animals),
'Heavy metals, Limpets, Acmaea scabra, Tegula fune-
bralis.
PB-297 495/4 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research iri-
angle Park, NC. . ,
EPA Industrial Boiler FGD Survey: First Quarter
1979. Final rept. Jan-Mar 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Tuttle, A. Patkar, S. Kothari, D. Osterhout, and M.
Heffling. Apr 79, 239p EPA/600/7-79/067B
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also PB-279 214, and PB-292 385.
The report gives detailed technical information con-
cerning application of flue gas desulfurization (FuW
systems to industrial boilers. Design and operanon
data is presented for 164 FGD control systems (1Z& or
them operational), designed to control SO2 emissions
from 304 industrial boilers at 58 plants. With a 1978 ca-
pacity of 8.8 million scfm, an average of more man
seven new FGD systems have been put on line eacn
year since 1972. Information in the report was OD-
tained by a survey of plant personnel, control system
vendors, regulatory agencies, and consulting engi-
neering firms. The data is given in two types of tawes.
one gives summary information; the other, detailed in-
formation. Summary tables present information as a
function of control process, control system vendor,
disposal technique, operational status, startup date,
and flue gas capacity. Detailed information includes.
control system design, economics, operating experi-
ence, problems and solutions, waste disposal tecn-
niques, and maintenance practices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Flue gases, Design, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Solid waste dispos-
al, Process charting, Cost analysis.
PB-297 500/1 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Test of Fabric Filtration Materials. Final rept. Jun
73-Dec 78,
Institute of Industry of Cement Building Materials
(Poland).
Jan R. Koscianowski, Lidia Koscianowska, and Maria
Szablewicz. Mar 79,268p EPA/600/7-79/087
The report describes pilot scale and laboratory tests of
U.S. and Polish woven baghouse fabrics. Cotton, poly-
ester, aramid, and glass fabrics were tested using
cement, flyash, coat, and talc dusts at loadings ot
about 10 g/cu m, filtration velocities of 60 and 80 cu
m/sq m, and ambient temperature and humidity. Gen-
eral conclusions reached were: (1) air permeability is a
poor predictor of fabric performance, (2) fabric con-
struction parameters do not correlate well with the
resistance coefficient for fabrics Kl, (3) a critical value
of pressure drop exists above which fissures are
formed in the dust cake, (4) there is a maximum in the
efficiency versus air-to-cloth-ratio curve which is relat-
ed to fissure formation, and (5) cleaning properties of
the fabric depend primarily on its chemical composi-
tion, the dust being filtered, and the superficial struc-
ture of the dust cake and fabric (they do not depend on
air-to-cloth ratio).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air filters,
Tests, Cotton fabrics, Polyester fibers, Glass fibers,
Performance evaluation, Field tests, Filtration, Nylon
fibers, Comparison, Natural fibers, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, 'Fabric filters, Baghouses, Ara-
midyl, Nomex polymers.
PB-297 501/9 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Domes'
tic Wastewater: Vineland, New Jersey, Rapid Infil-
tration Site. Final rept. Jan 76-Nov 77,
Benham-Blair and Affiliates, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK.
Ernest L. Koerner, and D. Alan Haws. Mar 79,183p
EPA/600/2-79/072
Contract EPA-68-03-2363
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering Enterprises,
Inc., Norman, OK.
This report presents the findings of a study on the
long-term effects of applying treated domestic
wastewater to an infiltration site at Vineland, New
694 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary treated domestic wastewater has
applied to three separate infiltration basins for
approximately 50, 29, and 3 years, respectively, using
*,,"'91 rafe. rapid infiltration method. The effluent ap-
thf « Basin ' serves a. on' Hydrogeology, New Jersey, "Land applica-
tion, VmelandfNew Jersey).
u^7 503/5 PC A05/MF A01
S.21" Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
n™°9enlc 'Naeglerla1: Distribution In Nature.
PnS1 rePt Jan 75-Dec 76,
cE.?8mio|ogy Research Center, Tampa, FL.
Upr, , Dwellings,, PhilipT. Amuso, Arthur L. Lewis,
EPA/eon8 Farme'°' and Dewey J. Moody. May 79,91 p
ira"tsEPA-R.803511,EPA-R-804375
HSST™ m cooperation with Florida State Dept. of
neaith and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.
llvinStion-iin man witn Pathogenic Naegleria, a free-
entih J° amoerja, results in a usually fatal disease
p"Vy Known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
£PL(Jfrn|ological data usually included exposure to
'™"*ater Takes or streams within the week prior to
rrmrf « wever' no confirmed isolations had been
oWij ,. m tne. suspected exposure sites. The major
or oh °'tnis study was to determine the presence
IflViT •ence °' Pathogenic Naegleria in freshwater
."ww in Florida which had been associated with
"W8." cases of PAM. Secondary objectives were to
anrt/ tne source of these amoebae, i.e., soil, avian,
arS/ marnmals and to determine the environmental
«ra/or ecological factors related to the presence of
™inogenic Naegleria in lake waters. Results showed
Conclusively that pathogenic Naegleria amoebae are
"raeiy distributed in Florida's freshwater lakes. Exami-
vioiH"J"' "'"cn was associated with a PAM case, also
''waea pathogenic Naegleria, indicating that these or-
aanistns are not unique to Florida's subtropical cli-
leria Tnese studies indicate that pathogenic Naeg-
°na are ubiquitous and over winter in fake bottom
^airnents or at the sediment/lake water interface. No
lako ant differences have been established among
Na I s.uPPortin9 Iar9e populations of pathogenic
,:~f9lena and those supporting very limited or unde-
'ectable populations.
Bywords: "Amoeba, 'Protozoal diseases, Microor-
yarasrns, Water pollution, Soils, Distribution, Inverte-
"rate^ Protoza, Florida, Lakes, Fresh water, Aquatic
A,c;ob'0logy, Sampling, Recommendations,
^uitures(Biology), Isolation, Pathogenic microorgan-
ia"is, Naegleria, 'Meningoencephalitis.
PB-297 504/3 PCA11/MFA01
jwumcipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Performance and Upgrading of Wastewater Stabl-
*«lon Ponds. Final rept.,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
g- Joe Middlebrooks, Donna H. Falkenborg, and
Donald F. Lewis. May 79,226p EPA/600/9-79/011
Proceedings of a Conference Held at Utah State Uni-
versity, Logan, Utah on August 23-25,1978.
Jne proceedings contain 18 papers discussing and de-
ir™lnO the design, operation, performance, and up-
Bjading of lagoon systems. Performance data for fac-
ultative and aerated lagoons collected at numerous
«ie& throughout the USA are presented. Design crite-
ria and the applicability of performance data to design
^nations are discussed. Rock filters, intermittent
•and filters, microscreening and other physical-chemi-
°» techniques, phase isolation, land application, and
controlled environment aquaculture ware evaluated as
proceedings conclude witn a presentation on the costs
associated with the construction, operation and main-
tenance of lagoon systems.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Meetings, Oxidation, Regulations, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Stability, Algae, Field tests, Filters,
Cost analysis, Aeration, 'Water quality, Secondary
sewage treatment, Rock filters, Sand filters, Physical
chemical treatment, Land applications, Secondary
sewage treatment.
PB-297 505/0 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Inspection/Maintenance Program Options for
Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. Final rept.,
Booz-AUen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Kathryn Derr, James Eckler, Alan Farkas, William
Magro, and Satish Suryawanshi. Oct 78,172p 9075-
066-002, EPA/907/9-78/002
Contract EPA-68002-2544
See also Executive summary, PB-297 606.
This report presents an analysis of alternative motor
vehicle emission inspection and maintenance pro-
grams for the following metropolitan areas: Davenport,
Iowa; Des Moines, Iowa; Omaha, Nebraska-Council
Bluffs, Iowa; Wichita, Kansas; and Johnson and Wyan-
dotte Counties in Kansas (Kansas City area). The
study methodology is described. The study included
collecting data, determining criteria for selecting alter-
native program configurations, screening program op-
tions, and evaluating alternative configurations select-
ed through the screening process. Program alterna-
tives were evaluated in terms of emissions reductions
attainable, geographic coverage, effective motor vehi-
cle population, inspection frequency, consumer pro-
tection, quality assurance, costs and financial feasibil-
ity. The ease of implementing different alternatives
was also studied.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Maintenance, 'Inspection, Substitutes, Methodology,
Cost analysis, Forecasting, Feasibility, Standards,
Comparison, State government, Metropolitan areas,
Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, 'Automobile exhaust, *EPA
region 7, 'Air quality, Davenport(lowa), Des
Moines(lowa), Council Bluffs(lowa),
Omaha(Nebraska), Wichita(Kansas), Johnson
County(Kansas), Wyandotte County(Kansas).
PB-297 506/8 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Inspection/Maintenance Program Options for
Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. Executive Summary.
Final rept.,
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Kathryn Derr, James Eckler, Alan Farkas, William
Magro, and Satish Suryawanshi. Oct 78,11 p 9075-
066-002-SUMM, EPA/907/9-78/002-SUMM
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
See also PB-297 505.
This report presents an analysis of alternative motor
vehicle emission Inspection and maintenance pro-
grams for the following metropolitan areas: Davenport,
Iowa; Des Moines, Iowa; Omaha, Nebraska-Council
Bluffs, Iowa; Wichita, Kansas; and Johnson and Wyan-
dotte Counties in Kansas (Kansas City area). The
study methodology utilized is described. The study in-
cluded collecting data, determining criteria for select-
ing alternative program configurations, screening pro-
gram options, and evaluating alternative configura-
tions selected through the screening process. Pro-
gram alternatives were evaluated in terms of emis-
sions reductions attainable, geographic coverage, ef-
fective motor vehicle population, Inspection frequency,
consumer protection, quality assurance, costs and fi-
nancial feasibility. The ease of implementing different
alternatives was also studied.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Maintenance, * Inspection, Substitutes, Methodology,
Cost analysis, Forecasting, Feasibility, Standards,
Comparison, State government, Metropolitan areas,
Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, 'Automobile exhaust, "EPA
region 7, 'Air quality, Davenport(lowa), Des
Moines(lowa), Council Bluffs(lowa),
Omaha(Nebraska), Wichita(Kansas), Johnson
County(Kansas), Wyandotte County(Kansas).
PB-297 507-T PC«16.00/MF$3.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Circulation of Carcinogens In the Environ-
ment,
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
L. M. Shabad. cJun 79,418p* VAAP/SA-79/18
Trans, of mono. O Tsirkulyatsii Kartsenogenov v Ok-
ruzhayushchei Srede, Moscow, 1973. Sponsored in
part by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
Contents:
A brief outline of the epidemiology of cancer;
Occupational cancer;
General information on blastomogenic substances;
The possibility of determining blastomogenic
substances in the environment;
Air pollution with blastomogenic substances;
Sources of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the
atmosphere and principles of their prevention in
man;
The pollution of the soil with blastomogenic
polycycllc aromatic hydrocarbons;
Water pollution with blastomogenic substances;
Contamination of food products with
blastomogenic substances;
Possible blastomogenicity of certain cosmetics and
medicines;
Hygienic norms for blastomogenic substances.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Carcinogens,
'Toxicology, Industrial medicine, Environments,
Translations, USSR, Epidemiology, Water pollution,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Air pollution, Soils, Food,
Contamination, Drugs, Prevention, Humans, 'Toxic
substances, 'Cancer, Environmental factors, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Cosmetics.
PB-297 512/6 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
lines In the State of Georgia.
Booz-AUen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
Mar 79,405p EPA/904/9-79/033
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
Prepared in cooperation with Public Management
Technology, Bethesda, MD.
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in Georgia. The study is to be used
primarily to assist EPA and Georgia decisions on
achieving the emission limitations of the RACT stand-
ards. The economic impact was assessed for the fol-
lowing RACT industrial categories: surface coatings
(cans, paper, fabrics, automobiles, metal furniture and
large appliances); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gaso-
line terminals; bulk gasoline plants; storage of petro-
leum liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispensing
stations-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs and
direct impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limi-
tations for these 12 industry categories in Georgia.
Direct economic costs and benefits from the imple-
mentation of RACT limitations were identified and
quantified while secondary impacts (social, energy,
employment, etc.) are addressed, they were not a
major emphasis in the study.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Georgia, Guidelines,
Air pollution, State government, Cost benefit analysis,
Regulations, Standards, Coatings, Papers, Cans, Tex-
tiles, Automobiles, Storage tanks, Trucks, Furniture,
Metal cleaning, Gasoline, Petroleum industry, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, 'Air quality, Reasonably available
control technology, State implementation plans, Serv-
ice stations, Stationary sources, Point sources.
PB-297 523/3 PC A02/MF A01-
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Transportation Control Plan. Volume 1: Summary,
Regional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
Emery Hines, Jack Anderson, and Ganie OeHart. Sep
76,17p BTL/RPC-78/005
See also Volume 2, PB-297 524. Sponsored in part by
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC., Mary-
land Dept. of Transportation, Baltimore, Maryland
December 1983 695
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-297 522-
SET.
The Transportation Control Plan for the Baltimore met-
ropolitan area sets forth the actions that will be taken
by the region between now and 1987 to reduce the
amount of air pollution caused by motor vehicles. The
development and implementation of this plan is re-
quired by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
as a result of the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments. The
plan contains control measures both for implementa-
tion and for study. Thirteen control measures and a
public education campaign are to be implemented by
1982. At least twelve more control measures will be
studied by the end of 1980 for possible inclusion in a
more detailed and comprehensive transportation con-
trol plan to be completed in 1982. Even after all meas-
ures now specified for implementation are fully ap-
plied, the region will still not achieve EPA's air quality
standards by 1987. Ways to further reducing air pollu-
tion in the region will have to be found. This volume is a
summary of Volumes II-IV of the Transportation Con-
trol Plan. Detailed explanations of the measures listed
and sources for the figures cited may be found in the
three full-length volumes.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, "Highway transporta-
tion, Air pollution, Motor vehicles, Urban transporta-
tion, Parking facilities, Exhaust emissions, Traffic engi-
neering, Publicity, Regulations. Maintenance, Land
use, Maryland, Transportation management, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Baitimore(Maryland), Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977, Air quality, Car pools, Van
pools, High occupancy vehicles, Traffic flow.
PB-297 S24/1 PC A09/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Transportation Control Plan. Volume 2: Transpor-
tation Control Planning In the Baltimore Region,
Regional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
Emery Hines, andGanie DeHart. Sep 78,176p BTL/
RPC-78/006
See also Volume 1, PB-297 523, and Volume 3, PB-
297 525. Sponsored in part by Department of Trans-
portation, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Maryland Dept. of Trans-
portation, Baltimore, and Maryland Dept. of Health and
Mental Hygiene, Baltimore.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-297 522-
SET.
The Transportation Control Plan for the Baltimore met-
ropolitan area sets forth the actions that will be taken
by the region between now and 1987 to reduce the
amount of air pollution caused by motor vehicles.
Volume II describes the Baltimore region's transporta-
tion control planning process and the control meas-
ures to be studied and implemented.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Highway transporta-
tion, Air pollution, Motor vehicles, Urban transporta-
tion, Parking facilities, Exhaust emissions, Traffic engi-
neering, Publicity, Regulations, Maintenande, Land
use, Maryland, Transportation management, Stand-
ards, "Air pollution abatement, Baltimore(Maryland),
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, Air quality, Car
pools, Van pools, High occupancy vehicles, Traffic
flow.
PB-297 52S/8 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Transportation Control Plan. Volume 3: Technical
Documentation,
Reoional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
Jack H. Anderson, Henry Fostel, and Ganie DeHart.
Sep 78,105p BTL/RPC-78/007
See also Volume 2, PB-297 524, and Volume 4, PB-
297 526. Sponsored in part by Department of Trans-
portation, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Maryland Dept. of Trans-
portation, Baltimore, and Maryland Dept. of Health and
Mental Hygiene, Baltimore.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-297 522-
SET.
The Transportation Control Plan for the Baltimore met-
ropolitan area sets forth the actions that will be taken
by the region between now and 1987 to reduce the
amount of air pollution caused by motor vehicles.
Volume III contains technical documentation of emis-
sions inventory and travel impact calculations, as well
as the assumptions underlying the evaluation of the
control measures.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Highway transporta-
tion, Air pollution, Motor vehicles, Urban transporta-
tion, Parking facilities, Exhaust emissions, Traffic engi-
neering, Publicity, Regulations, Maintenance, Land
use, Maryland, Transportation management, Travel,
'Air pollution abatement, Baltimore(Maryland), Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977, Air quality, Car pools,
Van pools, High occupancy vehicles, Traffic flow.
PB-297 526/6 PC A07/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Transportation Control Plan. Volume 4: Evidence
of Commitments,
Regional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
John M. Bailey, Weems W. Duvall, Jr., and Ganie
DeHart. Sep 78,138pBTL/RPC-78/008
See also Volume 3, PB-297 525. Sponsored in part by
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC., Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., Mary-
land Dept. of Transportation, Baltimore, and Maryland
Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E11, PB-297 522-
SET.
The Transportation Control Plan for the Baltimore met-
ropolitan area sets forth the actions that will be taken
by the region between now and 1987 to reduce the
amount of air pollution caused by motor vehicles.
Volume IV consists of evidence of the state and local
commitments required for implementation of the rec-
ommended measures.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Highway transporta-
tion, Air pollution, Motor vehicles, Urban transporta-
tion, Parking facilities, Exhaust emissions, Traffic engi-
neering, Publicity, Regulations, Maintenance, Land
use, Maryland, Transportation management, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Baltimore(Maryland), Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977, Air quality, Car pools, Van
pools, High occupancy vehicles, Traffic flow.
PB-297 567/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Extended Tests of Saftll Alumina Filter Media.
Final rept. Feb 78-Feb 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
M. A. Shackleton. May 79,30p EPA/600/7-79/112
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report gives results of research aimed at develop-
ing filter media performance data under simulated
pressurized fluidized-bed combustion conditions for
one ceramic filter media candidate. A low-solidity fiber
bed, using Saffll alumina ceramic filters was selected.
Dust feeding was tested at a nominal 800 C and 10
atm pressure, using reentrained fly ash which had
been collected at the EPA/Exxon Miniplant. Tests
were performed at three filter media face velocities:
2.5, 4.8, and 9.0 cm/sec. Each test was 200 hours
long. Pressure drop and collection efficiency ware de-
termined as functions of time and filter face velocity.
Off-line cleaning by reverse pulse was effective in
maintaining low pressure drop (<1.25 kPa) after a
cleaning cycle. Collection efficiency was high (>99.9
percent) and was maintained over the 200 hour test.
Collection efficiency was also substantially independ-
ent of face velocity over the range tested. Outlet con-
centration was less than the most stringent require-
ments proposed for turbine applications (generally < 1
mg/cu Nm). Outlet concentration showed a trend
toward lower values at higher filtration velocity. Me-
chanical durability was indicated in that none of the
test filters appeared to have been damaged by the
200-hour tests with cleaning at 10-minute intervals.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Particles,
High pressure tests, High temperature tests, Fluidized
bed processors, Performance evaluation, Feasibility,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Aluminum
oxide, Ceramic fibers, 'Saffil filters.
PC A02/MF A01
Vehicle Precondition-
PB-297 572/0
Particulate Measurement
Ing. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danietson. Feb 79,12pSDSB-79/05
A study has been made of the effects of different vehi-
cle preconditioning on particulate emissions from
three light-duty diesel automobiles. The results indi-
cate that prior extreme operation of a vehicle can
affect the level of particulate emitted during meas-
urements by the Federal Test Procedure. However,
one LA-4 driving cycle appears to provide adequate
preconditioning for most cases. The duration and mag-
nitude of the preconditioning effect varies among vehi-
cles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Sampling, Diesel engines, Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), 'Light duty vehicles,
'Automobile exhaust, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-297 573/8 PC A06/MF A01
Publications; Gull Breeze Laboratory. Bibliography
rept. 1971-78,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. f
Betty P. Jackson, and Andree F. Lowry. Mar 79,124p
EPA/600/3-79/036
The bibliography, inclusive from 1967 through 1978,
lists all publications authored by researchers em-
ployed by the Environmental Research Laboratory,
Gulf Breeze, and its field station on St. Johns Island,
SC, or by researchers conducting studies under fund-
ing or direction of the laboratory. Publications are
grouped in three categories: RESEARCH REPORTS
published in the EPA Research Reporting Series;
JOURNAL ARTICLES from the scientific literature; and
PRESENTATIONS published in proceedings of confer-
ences and symposia. Publications are arranged alpha-
betically by year under the senior author's name. The
bibliography also includes an author index for reprints
and an index of key words (as listed in the Thesarus ot
Engineering and Scientific Terms, 1967, Office of
Naval Research and Engineers Joint Council, Editors,
U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, DC). Entries
are numbered consecutively throughout the three sec-
tions, and those numbers are used in the indices.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Toxicology,
Indexes(Documentation), Abstracts, Exposure, Estu-
aries, Physiological effects, Pesticides, Toxicity,
Marine biology, Subject indexes, Author indexes,
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Ecosystems, Bloaccumulation.
PB-297 576/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study, Quality Assurance
Audits. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
O. Klein, and F. Littman. May 79,135p EPA/600/4-
79/031
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
SeealsoPB-255313.
RAPS Quality Assurance audits were conducted under
this Task Order in continuation of the audit program
previously conducted under Task Order No. 58. Quan-
titative field audits were conducted of the Regional Air
Monitoring System (RAMS) Air Monitoring Stations,
Local Air Monitoring Stations (State of Illinois, St. Louis
City, and St. Louis County), RAPS helicopters and var-
ious measurement systems employed in the RAPS in-
tensive studies. Audit results are reported for systems
measuring NO, NOx, O3, SO2, total sulfur, total hydro-
carbons, CH4 and CO. An investigation was conduct-
ed on the effect of Teflon particulate filters on NO,
NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations in sampled air.
Measured sample losses are reported for synthetic
pollutant - air mixtures sampled through new and used
filters under both dry and humid conditions. The inves-
tigation also revealed effects of humidity on the re-
sponse of analyzers to the various pollutants. The ac-
curacy of SO2 calibration mixtures prepared with the
commercial dynamic calibration system employed fp
the audits was investigated. As a result of this investi-
gation and experience gained during the audits, the
calibration system was modified to improve perform-
ance under field conditions.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Quality assurance, 'Auditing,
Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Sulfur
dioxide, Sulfur, Hydrocarbons, Methane, Carbon mon-
oxide, Calibrating, Portable equipment, Air filters, Parti-
cles, Tables(Data), Accuracy, Sampling, Gas chroma-
tography, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Air
696 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pollution, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, *Air quality,
Monitors, *Air pollution detection, *Air pollution sam-
fB-297 581/1 PC A03/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies of Dust Cake Formation and Structure In
Filtration: Second Year. Rept. for Dec 77-
Textile Research Inst, Princeton, NJ.
Bernard Miller, George Lamb, Peter Costanza, George
Harriott, and Janet Dunbar. Apr 79,48p EPA/600/7-
GrantEPA-R-804926
*>ee also report dated Jun 78, PB-283 179.
I»e rsEP^ describes experiments to improve fabric
rater efficiency and pressure drop by use of electric
fields near the filter surface. Modified fiber geometries
and fabric construction are also investigated. Tests
"™> patch filters showed pressure drops reduced to
about 13 mm H2O from about 36 mm H2O upon the
application of a 6 kV/cm electric field. Total fractional
Particle penetration was reduced to about 0.001 from
"•170 under the influence of the same field. The elec-
JTIC field was more effective when applied to filters
having loose fibers at the surface. Deeply lobed fibers
Produced filters witb higher efficiency, lower pressure
wop, and better cleanability than filters made from
round fibers. The effects were attributed to induced lo-
calized fields at the lobed surfaces. The fields were
Produced from collection of naturally charged parti-
des. Fabric structure that promotes particle collection
"ear the upstream surface of the filter gave the best
Performance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Dust fil-
lers, 'Caking, Electric fields, Performance evaluation,
industrial wastes, Combustion products, Fabrics, Fiber
composites, Permeability, 'Fabric filters.
H&-297 583/7 PC A02/MF A01
J-imts of Inspection and Maintenance Programs
jjn fuel Economy. Technical rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
ffeotlon and Maintenance Staff.
Mar79,l5plMS-001/FE/1
TJ>« primary goal of inspection and maintenance (I/M)
Programs is to improve air quality by reducing emis-
«jns from motor vehicles. Many studies have indicat-
es that I/M programs will achieve this goal. In addition
several studies have indicated that fuel economy im-
provement can be expected to occur as a result of
maintenance performed on vehicles failing an I/M test.
Moat studies which have been performed have looked
aipre-1975 model year vehicles and have had expert
mechanics performing the maintenance work. It is the
"itention of the present report to consider both the re-
suits from past studies and the results from more
•scent studies in order to provide EPA's best estimates
01 fuel economy benefit which can be attributed to I/M
maintenance.
Keywords: 'Inspection, 'Maintenance, 'Fuel con-
?5JmPtJon, 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
Pollution control. Urban areas, Highways,
^oncentration(Composition), 'Air quality, Automobile
PC A02/MF A01
£UM Economy Effects of Tires. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
standards Development and Support Branch.
u'enn Thompson. Feb 78, 1 3p SDSB-79/13
Tires have a very significant effect on the fuel econo-
{ny of a vehicle. The best known example of this is the
™el efficiency of radial tires; however, other tire tech-
nologies and related factors can also be important.
'his report discusses the effects of various types of
"res arid tire related parameters on the fuel economy
« a vehicle.
Keywords: "Automobile tires, Fuel consumption, High-
way transportation, Motor vehicles, Tires, 'Fuel econ-
.
•K)n.
, ,
Radial tires, Radial ply tires, Energy conserva-
PB-297 587/8 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Wastewater Treatment In Coal Conversion. Final
rept. Oct 76-Jan 79,
Water Purification Associates, Cambridge, MA.
R E Hicks, D.J.Goldstein, F. B. Seufert, and I. W.
Wei. Jun 79,287p* EPA/600/7-79/133
Contract EPA-68-03-2207
The report describes water treatment control technol-
ogy specific to fuel conversion plant sites in the west-
ern U.S. Most plants converting coal to other fuels use
a large quantity of clean water (as stream) and put out
a large quantity of dirty water that is condensed when
the products from the coal reactor are cooled. Treat-
ment of this foul condensate is the subject of this
report. The report discusses each aspect of water
treatment separately. Procedures for removing pheno-
lic compounds are discussed: they include distillation,
extraction, and adsorption. The report includes design
equations, step-by-step design procedures, and calcu-
lations for a typical unit. It also provides physical data
that are required for design. The discusspn of ammo-
nia separation and recovery includes design equations
and physical data. Illustrative calculations show how
the design procedure is used. For biological treatment,
the design procedures show how to destroy organic
contamination (including phenol) in the condensate. It
also discusses cooling tower control. An economical
use of the foul condensate is treating it for makeup to a
plant's cooling system. The report also reviews estab-
lished procedures for sizing plant equipment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
Industrial waste treatment, Phenols, Distillation, Sol-
vent extraction, Adsorption, Performance evaluation,
Cooling towers, Ammonia, Separation, Activated
sludge process, Aeration, Trickling filters, Anaerobic
processes, Oxidation, Process charting, Biological in-
dustrial waste treatment.
PB-297 606/6 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Sampling and Analysis of the Aquatic Environ-
ment In POTW's and Their Vicinity. Final rept.
1977-78,
SCS Engineers. Reston, VA.
R. Carr, J. Erlandson, R. Greenspun, M. Halper, and O.
Mitz. 27 Jun 79, 92p EPA/440/4-79/026
Contracts EPA-68-01-4679, EPA-68-01-3852
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield,
VA.
This report presents the result of sampling and analy-
sis of influent, effluent and sludge of publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) and the water and sediment
of their receiving waters for 13 heavy metals and 115
synthetic organic compounds (the 'priority pollutants'
resulting from settlement agreement reprinted in
NRD.C. vs. Train 8 ERG 2120, 2122-29, D.D.G. 1976).
The influents to 8 POTWs in Virginia were screened for
the priority pollutants, and the Richmond and Culpeper
POTWs were revisited for sampling of Influent, efflu-
ent, sludge and receiving waterbody water and sedi-
ment. At Culpeper 37 priority pollutants were detected
and, at Richmond, 34, with 31 common to both sites.
The report contains qualitative and semi-quantitative
data on priority pollutant concentrations, and exten-
sive reproductions of GC-MS total ion chromatograms
to facilitate comparisons among POTWs.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Sampling, Sites, Water
analysis, Organic compounds, Phenols, Cyanides,
Metals, Pesticides, Field tests, Extraction,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, Water pollution detection, Biological
samples.
PB-297 618/1 PC A16/MF A01
Federal Interagency Committee on the Health and En-
vironmental Effects of Energy Technologies, McLean,
VA.
Health and Environmental Effects of CoaC Gasifi-
cation and Liquefaction Technologies: A Work-
shop Summary and Panel Reports. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Richard Brown, and Alice Witter. May 79,374p* MTR-
79W00137, DOE/HEW/EPA-03
Contract DE-AC01-79EV10018
See also report dated May 79, PB-297 096.
The report responds to President Carter's directive to
identify health and environmental problems associated
with advanced energy technologies. The report con-
tains a presentation of the highlights of the issues and
the detailed information requirements identified by
panels of a workshop held in Leesburg, Virginia In
August 1976 to address the health and environmental
effects of coal gasification and liquefaction technol-
ogies. The purposes of the workshop were to: (1) as-
semble multidisciplines of biomedical and environmen-
tal scientists to address current developments in these
technologies, (2) review and identify specific health
and environmental issues and problems associated
with their development and commercialization, and (3)
consider research strategies required to address them
and to identify requisite information needs for resolving
uncertainties of assessing the relevant impacts of coal
gasification and liquefaction technologies. The six
panels of the workshop were: occupational and public
health and safety, air quality; water quality, water quan-
tity, and aquatic ecology; terrestrial effects; ambient
measurement and monitoring; and source character-
ization. Panel reports containing specific information
on environmental and health effects, information re-
quirements, and detailed research statements are in-
cluded in this report.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, Coal gas, Coal mining,
Manufactured gas, Public health, Ecology, Meetings,
Safety, Water quality, Aquatic biology, Industrial medi-
cine, Research, Measurement, Environmental health,
'Coal liquefaction, Occupational safety and health,
Environmental effects, Air quality, Monitoring.
PB-297 657/9 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oxygen Aeration at Newtown Creek. Final rept.
May 72-Mar 75,
New York City Environmental Protection Administra-
tion.
Norman Nash, William B. Pressman, and Paul J.
Krasnoff. Jun 79,92p EPA/600/2-79/013
GrantEPA-S-802714
A successful initial feasibility investigation of oxygen
aeration at the 0.11-cu m/sec (2.5-mgd) municipal
wastewater treatment plant in Batavia, New York,
prompted a larger demonstration at New York City's
13.6-cu m/sec (310-mgd) Newtown Creek Plant. A 34-
mo evaluation was performed in a self-contained set of
plant tanks using a 13.6-metric ton/day (15-ton/day)
oxygen generator with liquid oxygen backup for
oxygen supply and turbine mixers and spargers tor
oxygen dissolution. For the 34-mo period, at influent
flows of 0.44 to 1.53 cu m/sec (10 to 35 mgd), effluent
quality averaged 19 mg/l each of BOD and suspended
solids for removal efficiencies of 88 and 86 percent, re-
spectively. Removals were not impaired by intentional
hydraulic and BOD overloading of the oxygenation
system. During the winter months, a fungus in the In-
fluent sewage caused the oxygenation system bio-
mass to become filamentous, resulting In a deteriora-
tion of sludge settling and thickening characteristics to
varying degrees over the three winters of the testing
program. While operating difficulties occurred, this
condition had no significant effect on the plant effluent
quality.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
treatment, 'Oxygenation, Aeration, Sedimentation
tanks, Newtown Creek, Design criteria, Capitalized
costs, Feasibility, New York, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Sludge, Settling, Winter, Fungi, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Chemlcafanalysls, Moni-
toring, New York, 'Covered tanks, Filamentous,
Energy consumption, Batavia(New York).
PB-297 661/1
PC A05/MF A01
Benthlc Analysis; Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Kenneth Roger Smith. Mar 79,89p* EPA/430/1-79/
001
A lecture manual for technicians and biologists who
have responsibility for collection, identification and in-
terpretation of findings of benthic communities in sur-
veillance of the aquatic environment, This is intended
as an introductory approach in benthic community
analysis. Topics cover and emphasize benthic ma-
croinvertebrate communities in fresh water, including
sampling considerations, taxonomic analysis, sorting
December 1983 697
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
techniques, sampling handling, and data presentation
and interpretation.
Keywords: "Benthos, 'Water pollution, "Marine at-
mospheres, "Manuals, Surveillance, Invertebrates,
Fresh water, Communities, Sampling, Statistical analy-
sis, Ecology, Thermal pollution, Optics, Microscopes,
Substrates, Taxonomy, "Water quality, Analytical
methods.
PB-297 686/8 PC A21/MF A01
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes, 1978. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
John F. Kopp, and Gerald D. McKee. Mar 79,490p*
EPA/600/4-79/020
See also PB-211 968.
This third edition of 'Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes' contains the chemical analytical
procedures used in U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) laboratories for the examination of
ground and surface waters, domestic and industrial
waste effluents, and treatment process samples.
Except where noted under 'Scope and Application,'
the methods are applicable to both water and
wastewaters, and both fresh and saline water sam-
ples. The manual provides test procedures for the
measurement of physical, inorganic, and selected or-
ganic constitutents and parameters.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Industrial wastes, "Pota-
ble water, "Manuals, Infrared spectroscopy, Chemical
analysis, Colorimetric analysis, Spectrophotometry,
Conductivity, Water pollution, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Odors, Turbidity, pH, Residues, Filtration,
Gravimetric analysis, Volumetric analysis, Tempera-
ture measurement, Oxidation, Organic compounds,
Potentiometric analysis, Distillation, Inorganic com-
pounds, Atomic spectroscopy, Absorption spectra,
Metals, Eductors, Acidity, Alkalinity, "Water pollution
detection, Ion selective electrodes, Kjeldahl method,
Winkler test, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB-297 713/0 PC A10/MF A01
Organic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams; Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Charles Feldmann. Aug 78, 212p* EPA/430/1-78/012
Supersedes PB-279 547. See also PB-297 714.
The lecture/laboratory manual deals with the analysis
of selected organic pollutants. It is intended for use by
those having Tittle or no experience in the field, but
having one year (or equivalent) of college organic
chemistry, and having basic laboratory skills such as
volumetric glassware, titration assemblies, analytical
and trip balances. Topics include dissolved oxygen,
biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates,
carbon analysis, chemical oxygen demand, surfac-
tants, oil and grease phenolics, gas chromatography,
and polychlorinated biphenyls.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Manuals, Handbooks, Chemical analysis, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitro-
gen organic compounds, Sources, Ammonia, Organic
nitrates, Nitrites, Carbon, Surfactants, Oils, Water pol-
lution, Laboratory equipment, Greases, Phenols, Pho-
tometry, Gas chromatography, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Pesticides, "Water pollution detection, "Water
quality, Kjeldahl method, Chemical oxygen demand,
Liquid chromatography, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB-297 714/8 PC A08/MF A01
Inorganic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams; Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Audrey Kroner. Aug 78,153p* EPA/430/1-78/013
Supersedes PB-279 546. See also PB-297 713.
These manuals are prepared for reference use of stu-
dents enrolled in scheduled training courses of the
Office of Water Program Operations, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. The reference outlines in
this manual have been selected and developed with a
goal of providing the student with a fund of the best
available current information pertinent to the subject
matter of the course. Individual instructors may provide
additional material to cover special aspects of their
own presentations. The manual discusses volumeric
glassware, titration assemblies, analytical, hardness,
chlorine, total phosphrorus, fluoride, nitrate and nitrite
nitrogen, total and suspended solids, turbidity and spe-
cific conductance, sample handling, accuracy, preci-
sion and error of data, laboratory safety practices and
elements of quality assurance programs.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Inorganic compounds,
"Manuals, Handbooks, Phosphorus inorganic com-
pounds, Gravimetric analysis, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Quality assurance, Volumetric analy-
sis, Acidity, Laboratory equipment, Calibraling, Electro-
chemistry, Conductivity, Turbidity, Alkalinity, pH, Buff-
ers, Safety, Accuracy, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites, Am-
monia, Fluorides, Magnesium, Chlorine inorganic com-
pounds, Photometry, Colorimetric analysis, Hardness
tests, Calcium, "Water quality, "Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB-297 718/9 PC A02/MF A01
The Practical Directory to Phycovlrus Literature,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Virology Section.
Robert S. Safferman, and Mary-Ellen Rohr. Apr 79,
21 p EPA/600/9-79/013
The volume comprises a comprehensive survey of the
phycovirus literature. It covers the period from their
isolation to the present time.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, 'Viruses, "Algae, Para-
sites, Microorganisms, Plants(Botany), "Phycoviruses,
Author indexes.
PB-297 753/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economics In Environ-
mental Perspective. Task IV - Potential Worker
and Consumer Exposure to Nltrllotrlacetlc Acid
(NTA) In Detergents. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Alfred F. Meiners, Thomas W. Lapp, Charles E.
Mumma, Eugene G. Poodrebarac, and Robert P.
Reisdorf. Jun 79,49p* EPA/560/11-79/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3896
The current annual production of trisodium nitrilotria-
cetate in the United States is approximately 70 million
pounds. The production of NTA is highly automated
and is largely under remote controls; thus, production
workers have little potential for exposure. Analysis of
air in the workers' breathing zone indicated that the
highest exposure area had an average potential expo-
sure of 8.2 mg NTA/day. NTA was not detected in
urine samples of production workers (detection limit,
0.5 mg/liter). The number of detergent production
workers that would be directly exposed to airborne de-
tergent dust is estimated to be 2,500; typical exposure
during detergent formulation is estimated to be 338 mi-
crograms/NTA/day. Consumer exposure to deter-
gents can result from inhalation of detergent dust, per-
cutaneous absorption from contact with wash water or
direct skin contact with the detergent, ingestion of resi-
due on dishes or utensils, and skin contact with resi-
dues in clothing. Estimates of the number of consum-
ers potentially exposed (and the extent of exposure)
are as follows: automatic clothes washing, 176 million
(0.05 to 0.35 micrograms NTA/day); automatic dish-
washing, 33 million (0.009 to 0.14 micrograms NTA/
day); hand dishwashing, 171 million (8.75 to 17.5 mi-
crograms NTA/day); residue on dinnerware, 40 million
(4.9 to 966 micrograms NTA/day); and general clean-
ing, 176 million (8.75 to 17.5 micrograms NTA/day).
Keywords: "Detergents, "Toxicology, "Industrial medi-
cine, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Air pollu-
tion, Dust, Urine, Skin(Anatomy), ingestion(Biology),
Production, Consumers, Assessments, Prediction,
Manufacturing, Humans, Formulations, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, "Occupational safety and health,
Product safety, "Toxic substances, Air sampling,
•Acetic acid/nitrilo-tri.
PB-297 755/1 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter Model Sensitivity Analysis. Final rept.
Jun 78-Feb 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Richard Dennis, H. A. Klemm, and William Battye. Apr
79,214p GCA-TR-78-26-G, EPA/600/7-79/043C
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also Volume 2, PB-294 042.
The report gives results of a series of sensitivity tests
of a GCA fabric filter model, as a precursor to further
laboratory and/or field tests. Preliminary tests had
shown good agreement with field data. However, tne
apparent agreement between predicted and actual
values was based on limited comparisons: validation
was carried out without regard to optimization of the
data inputs selected by the filter users or manufac-
tures. The sensitivity tests involved introducing into the
model several hypothetical data inputs that reflect the
expected ranges in the principal filter system variables.
Such factors as air/cloth ratio, cleaning frequency,
amount of cleaning, specific resistence coefficient KA
the number of compartments, and inlet concentration
were examined in various permutations. A key objec-
tive of the tests was to determine the variables that re-
quire the greatest accuracy in estimation based on
their overall impact on model output. For K2 variations,
the system resistance and emission properties
showed little change; but the cleaning requirement
changed drastically. On the other hand, considerable
difference in outlet dust concentration was indicated
when the degree of fabric cleaning was varied. TO
make the findings more useful to persons assessing
the probable success of proposed or existing filter sys-
tems, much of the data output is presented in graphs
or charts.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Math-
ematical models, "Air filters, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Glass fibers, Dust collectors, Resist-
ance, Filtration, Sensitivity, Tests, Graphs, Particles,
"Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB-297 756/9 PC A02/MF A01
Ranking Tires Using a Transient Speed-Time
Cycle. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard N. Burgeson. Mar 79,19p SDSB-79/14
The ability to rank passenger car tires according to
their respective rolling resistance facilitates emission
and fuel economy testing and can serve as a consum-
er buying aid. However, at the present time a single,
universally accepted tire rolling resistance measure-
ment method is not available. Current practices meas-
ure rolling resistance while the tire operated at steady
state conditions which are a typical of actual tire use.
Emission Control Technology Division is concerned
that tires ranked according to typical steady state prac-
tices perform differently when operated according to
current emissions and fuel economy (transient) tests
or in real life. This study was conducted to determine
the difference in tire rolling resistance rankings from
steady state and transient testing.
Keywords: "Automobile tires, "Rolling friction, "Rank-
ing, Ratings, Fuel consumption, Exhaust emissions,
Comparison, Tests, Steady state, Transient response,
Fuel economy.
PB-297 760/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Development of a Strategy for Sampling Tree
Rings,
Northwest Environmental Technology Labs., Inc.,
Mercer Island, WA.
Jerry A. Riehl. Mar 79,50p EPA/600/3-79/030
Contract EPA-CB-7-0771 -A
A method for determiningjetrospective pollution levels
has been investigated. This method relates arsenic
concentration in tree rings to arsenic-in-air concentra-
tions based qualitatively on arsenic emissions from a
nearby smelter, corrected for climatological and mete-
orological effects. To evaluate the validity of the
method, a unique pollution study area was identified
and characterized in detail. Several select trees were
sampled and the arsenic concentration determined by
neutron activation analysis. These concentrations
were compared to certain known phases in the pro-
duction history of the smelter, coupled with the expect-
ed climatology and meteorology of the area. Positive
correlations were found thus satisfying the goals of the
preliminary project. Major problems encountered were
low arsenic concentrations and an inadequate number
of samples. Recommendations for future studies are
given.
698 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Arsenic, *Air pollution, History, Sampling,
smelters, Concentration(Composition), Trees(Plants),
1 'me series analysis, Climate, 'Tree rings.
PB-Z97 764/3 PC A02/MF A01
computer Simulation of Tire Slip on a Clayton
r*rtn Roll Dynamometer. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
standards Development and Support Branch.
John Yurko, Feb 79, 15p SDSB-79/10
Due to the occurrence of tire slip on a Clayton twin roll
cynamometer, there is a difference between the ve-
locities of the front and rear rolls of the dynamometer.
I nis slip can be modeled by the method described in
we following report. The results of this theoretically
modeling show that, over the LA-4 and the HWFET
anving schedules the velocity of the rear roll (which is
currently used to determine the vehicle speed) ex-
ceeds the velocity of the front roll (which determines
ine power absorbed) by an average of approximately
y*- From this difference in velocities of the two rolls, a
computation of the total energy effect, over transient
anving cycles, can be obtained. Approximately a 2% to
ri A ncrease in totaj energy dissipated over the city
Jj-A-4) or highway driving schedules is predicted from
"» use of the front roll velocity to determine the vehi-
cle speed, as compared to the currently used velocity
of the rear roll.
[Bywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Automobile tires, Rolling
[nctipn, Velocity, Dynamometers, Fuel consumption,
Mathematical models, Computerized simulation.
PB-297 800/5 PC A08/MF A01
£™ro nmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Cample Control Strategy for Ozone. Volume 2.
~*M Study of the San Francisco Bay Region:
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
£Pr79,i68pEPA/450/2-79/001B, ,OAQPS-1.2-121
'-ontract EPA-68-02-3001
I™* guideline presents information to assist States
ana local agencies in preparing ozone control strate-
gist useful in preparing 1982 State Implementation
j"™1 revisions. The guideline covers the following
.
: Intergovernmental Cooperation, Development
•JW Assessment of Air Quality and Emissions Data,
modeling to Related Air Quality to Emissions, Control
rtegy Analysis and Assessment, Plan Adoption,
the Continuing Planning Process. This volume
covers the case study for the San Francisco Bay
Region: 1976-1978.
Bywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Guidelines, State
government, Standards, Mathematical models, Air-
g>"-8, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Substitutes,
sources, Assessments, Forecasting, Cost analysis,
California, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement, San
rrancisco Bay Region(California), State implementa-
tion plans, Point sources.
HJJ-297 801/3 PC A21/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
*•"- NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
of the Nature of Ozone, Oxides of Nltroge
of Nitrogen,
onmethane Hydrocarbons In Tulsa, Oklaho-
ma- Volume II. Data Tabulation,
research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
V- C. Eaton, and F. E. Dimmock. Apr 79, 479p EPA/
540/4-79/008B
^ntract EPA-68-02-2808
This volume contains tabulated ambient air quality and
h? teorol°8ical data resulting from surface and air-
"orne measurements made in Tulsa, Oklahoma during
jW. August and September 1977. Also included are
"flUrea which illustrate the monitoring network and air-
•*»« flight tracks followed during the airborne meas-
"rements program.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Hydrocarbons,
*ir pollution, Tables(Data), Aerial surveys, Oklahoma,
Tulsa(Oklahoma), 'Air quality.
Chemical Carcinogens In Bivalve Mollusks from
Oregon Estuaries. Final rept. 1 Jun 76-30 Sep 78,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Stud-
ies.
Michael C. Mix. Mar 79,46p EPA/600/3-79/034
Grant EPA-R-804427010
The research undertaken involved the use of indig-
enous populatons of bivalve mollusks as monitors for
detecting and quantifying environmental
benzo(s)pyrene (BAP) in Oregon estuaries. Short-term
and long-term studies were conducted in order to es-
tablish baseline levels of BAP and to identify seasonal
variations in BAP concentrations in shellfish. A pre-
sumptive cellular proliferative disorder, thought possi-
bly to be neoplastic, was also studied in mussels, Myti-
lus edulis, from Yaquina Bay. Histological studies re-
vealed that mussels inhabiting polluted environments,
and with high BAP body burdens, had an average 6-
8% prevalence of the cellular proliferative disorder
while those from clean environments and with low or
undetectable levels, did not have the disorder. The cel-
lular condition showed a definite seasonal pattern,
there was a low prevalence during the summer and fall
followed by an increase during the early winter and a
peak prevalence occurred in January-February. The
atypical, large cells that characterize the disorder in M.
edulis possess many ultrastructural properties in
common with malignant vertebrate cells. Further stud-
ies are required to evaluate the public health signifi-
cance of these results.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Estuaries, 'Mollusks,
'Toxicology, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Moni-
tors, Pelecypoda, Mussels, Detection, Seasonal vari-
ations, Shellfish, Yaquina Bay, Histology, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Oregon, 'Toxic substances, Mytilus
edulis, Benzopyrene, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB-297 831/0 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Preventive Health and the Environmental Sci-
ences.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Nov78,65p*
The paper was developed by a task force sponsored
by the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group (IRLG),
an alliance of the Consumer Product Safety Commis-
sion, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food
and Drug Administration, and the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration. Task Force recommenda-
tions were subject to interagency review. This paper
reflects the results of that review as well as the views
of the individual task force members. This paper identi-
fies the major health problems related to toxic sub-
stances in the environment and describes the kind of
knowledge necessary to combat these problems suc-
cessfully. It discusses various objectives to which the
Government might reasonable aspire and develops
criteria for choosing actions to achieve them. It con-
structs alternative research and training packages and
makes cost estimates.
Keywords: 'Preventive medicine, 'Toxicology, Crite-
ria, Cost estimates, Public health, Research, Educa-
tion, Recommendations, Reproductive system,
Growth, Diseases, Epidemiology, Assessments,
Health risks, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
health, Environmental factors, Mutagenesis, Carcino-
PC A03/MF A01
nmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
«un Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
PB-297 871/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A Technical and Economic Evaluation of the
Project In Baltimore, Maryland. Volume II. Rept. for
1 Oct 75-30 Apr 78.
Systems Technology Corp., Xenla, OH.
Jun 79,345p EPA/530/SW-175C.2
Contract EPA-68-01-4359
See also Volume 3, PB-297 872.
One of the first efforts in this country to demonstrate
solid waste resource recovery technology was the Bal-
timore Landgard project which was a joint venture be-
tween the City of Baltimore, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), the Maryland Environmental
Service, and Monsanto EnviroChem. The Baltimore
plant was designed and built by Monsanto Enviro-
Chem to thermally process (pyrolyze) 907 Mg (1000
tons) per day of mixed municipal solid waste, convert It
to energy (in the form of steam), and recover magnetic
metals and glassy aggregate. Although the plant has
never been fully operational in its original design con-
figuration, considerable knowledge has been gained
from it concerning resource recovery from municipal
solid waste. This report is a complete technical, eco-
nomic, and environmental evaluation of the Landgard
Demonstration Plant at Baltimore, Maryland. It pre-
sents an introductory problem analysis of most of the
major innovations that proved ineffective, caused seri-
ous shutdowns, and required redesign or abandon-
ment.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse disposal,
Materials recovery, Reclamation, Steam, Environmen-
tal impacts, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Cost analysis. Revisions, Design, Performance
evaluation, Maryland, 'Municipal wastes, 'Waste
processing plants, Landgard Demonstration Plant,
Baltimore(Maryland).
PB-297 872/4 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A Technical and Economic Evaluation of the
Project In Baltimore, Maryland. Volume III. Rept.
for 1 Oct 75-30 Apr 78.
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Jun 79,404p EPA/530/SW-175C.3
Contract EPA-68-01 -4359
See also Volume 2, PB-297 871, and Volume 4, PB-
297 873.
This report is a complete technical, economic, and en-
vironmental evaluation of the Landgard Demonstration
Plant at Baltimore, Maryland. It presents an introduc-
tory problem analysis of most of the major innovations
that proved ineffective, caused serious shutdowns,
and required redesign or abandonment.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse disposal,
Kilns, Materials recovery, Reclamation, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, Maryland, 'Municipal wastes,
'Waste processing plants, Landgard Demonstration
Plant, Baltimore(Maryland).
PB-297 873/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A Technical and Economic Evaluation of the
Project In Baltimore, Maryland. Volume IV. Rept.
for 1 Oct 75-30 Apr 78,
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Jun 79,97n EPA/530/SW-175C.4
Contract EPA-68-01 -4359
See also Volume 3, PB-297 872.
This report is a complete technical, economic, and en-
vironmental evaluation of the Landgard Demonstration
Plant at Baltimore, Maryland. It presents an Introduc-
tory problem analysis of most of the major innovations
that proved ineffective, caused serious shutdowns,
and required redesign or abandonment.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse disposal,
Materials recovery, Reclamation, Kilns, Slagging, Con-
veyors, Feeding(Supplying), Storage, Corrosion, Per-
formance evaluation, Maryland, 'Municipal wastes,
'Waste processing plants, Landgard Demonstration
Plant, Baltimore(Maryland).
PB-297 898-SET PC E17
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Evaluation of an Injury Reporting and Information
System for the Solid Waste Industry-
Safety Sciences, San Diego, CA.
Feb 79,1315p-in3v
Set includes PB-297 899 thru PB-297 901.
No abstract available.
PB-297 899/7 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Evaluation of an Injury Reporting and Information
System for the Solid Waste Industry. Volume I.
Final rept.
Safety Sciences, San Diego, CA.
Feb 79,226p EPA/S30/SW-189C.1
Contract EPA-68-03-0231
December 1983 699
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also Volume 2, PB-297 900.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E17, PB-297 898-
SET.
The report describes the successful operation of the
Injury reporting system. Section I covers the previous
work completed prior to the full scale operations. Sec-
tion II reviews the procedures used by the system in-
cluding problems encountered and modifications ef-
fected: Section III reviews the results of the system
and concludes that It is a cost effective service in
demand by the solid waste management Industry.
Keywords: 'Injuries, 'Reporting, "Information sys-
tems, 'Refuse disposal, Garbage disposal, Accidents,
Accident prevention, Personnel management, Em-
ployment, Data processing, Safety engineering, Work-
mens compensation, Surveys, Cost estimates, Equip-
ment User needs, Absenteeism, Evaluation, Manage-
ment systems, Government employees, Data base
management, Geographic distribution.
PB-297 000/3 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Evaluation of an Injury Reporting and Information
System for the Solid Wast* Industry. Volume II:
Data Analyse*. Final rept.
Safety Sciences, San Diego, CA.
Feb 79,329p EPA/530/SW-169C.2
Contract EPA-68-03-0231
See also Volume 1, PB-297 899, and Volume 3, PB-
297 901.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E17, PB-297 898-
SET.
The report contains summaries of the data analyses
for the complete Injury reporting period (December
1975 through September 1977 and the Field Test re-
porting period) including tabulations and injury rates. In
addition to Injury descriptions, their time lost and direct
costs Incurred, employee data, equipment data, hours
of exposure data, and operational background data
were collected and analyzed.
Keywords: 'Injuries, 'Reporting, 'Information sys-
tems, 'Refuse disposal, 'Data processing, Garbage
disposal, Accidents, Accident prevention, Employ-
ment, Tables(Data), Surveys, Cost estimates, Losses,
Absenteeism, Workmens compensation, Government
employees, Equipment, Data base management, Geo-
graphic distribution.
PB-297 901/1 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Evaluation of an Injury Reporting and Information
System for the Solid Waste Industry. Volume III:
Publications. Final rept.
Safety Sciences, San Diego, CA.
Feb 79,760p EPA/530/SW-169C.3
Contract EPA-68-03-0231
See also Volume 2, PB-297 900.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E17, PB-297 898-
SET.
The report contains several publications dealing with
the Injury reporting system. Among these publications
are eight Accident Trends reports, a sample Quarterly
Safety Management Report, six News Releases, four
•Newsflashes', and five Special Reports.
Keywords: 'Injuries, 'Reporting, 'Information sys-
tems, 'Refuse disposal, 'Documents, Garbage dis-
posal, Accidents, Accident prevention, Surveys,
Trends, Losses. Absenteeism, Tables(Data), Cost esti-
mates, Safety engineering, Equipment, Workmens
compensation, Job analysis, Government employees,
Data base management, Geographic distribution.
PB-297 915/1 PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Acrylonltrtle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Dtv.
1978,143p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for acrylonitrile. It presents concentra-
tion criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Acrylonitriles,
Nltriles, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory ani-
mals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 916/9 PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Aldrln/Dleldrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,147p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for aldrin and dieldrin. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Aldrin, 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, "Diel-
drin, 'Pesticides, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Labora-
tory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic
biology, Chlorine organic compounds, Marine biology,
Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition), Car-
cinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissible
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 917/7 PC A08/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Asbestos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,1 Sip-
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C*.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for asbestos. It presents concentration
criteria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a> water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
Is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is It a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Asbestos, Ex-
posure, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology^ Marinebio
ogy, Freshwater biology, Concentration(Composrao»j.
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, ex-
perimental data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollu»°"
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permission"
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 918/5 PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Benzldlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, m*
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,64p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identitiaDw
effects of pollutants on public Tiealth and w8"™?:
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents waiw
quality criteria for benzidine. It presents concentraw>n
criteria for the protection of fresh water and *a|twar'
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations iw
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven ow^!~l
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer riSK.«
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a waier
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, wnen
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient w
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and sclennw'
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Amines Expo-
sure, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory animals, Criteria,
Toxicity, Water pollution. Aquatic biology, Marine Dioi-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Conoentration(Compositlon),
Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental
data, Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, Maximum permissiDw
exposure, Pharmacokinetics, Clean Water Act, •Bens-
dines.
PB-297 919/3 PC A10/MF AOl
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Chlorinated Ben-
zenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978, 219p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the Identifiable
effects of pollutants on public Tiealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for Chlorine organic compounds. It prfl"
sents concentration criteria for the protection of fresn
water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' con-
centrations for humans, and in the case of suspect or
proven carcinogens, gives various levels of increment-
al cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion »
a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Labo-
ratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology.
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act, 'Benzenes.
700 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
7 920/1 pc A08/MF A01
Wat*r Qualltv Criteria: Chlorinated Eth-
r?uir?nmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
fti5Tpd.standardsDiv-
304'a> of tne Clean Water Act <33
•m r1 re'»nt water Quality Criteria: Chloralkyl Ethera.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
ij-ntena and Standards Div.
1878, 107p*
f*«ion 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
'r"4(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
H5? ? water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
™« the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
a™80.,8 0< Po"utants on public Tiealth and welfare,
nno";0 life' and recreation. This report presents water
for chloroalkyl ethers. It presents con-
ria for the protection of fresh water and
«"water aquatic life. It presents 'safe1 concentrations
CY[ ""mans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
-."."Sens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
ih«!' 8ectlon 304(a) water quality criterion is a quanta-
"»e or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
»«er constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
rt";n "°t exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
pS L'° Protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
"'»rion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
•oientiflc ludgment. It does not reflect considerations
"' "Conomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
Huaiity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine or-
compounds, 'Ethers, Exposure, Toxic toler-
Dnn!5' ^oratory animals. Criteria, Toxicity, Water
En on' Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water
woiogy, Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens,
public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
nants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
5"«cts(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
L.7ater pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
ysaith risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
^kinetics, Clean Water Act.
A^?.97 922/7 pc A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Chromium.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
and Standards Div.
304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
unn (a»' requires EPA to publish and periodically
flS? water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
"°ct tne latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
enects of pollutants on public health and welfare,
rjuajc life, and recreation. This report presents water
Huaiity criteria for chromium. It presents concentration
w for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
life, it presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the cpncentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, 'Chromium,
Metals, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Laboratory ani-
mals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens, Public
health, Risk, Food, Experimental data, Plants(Botany),
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants), Environmental health, Health risks,
Maximum permissible exposure, Pharmacokinetics,
Clean Water Act.
PB-297 923/5 PC A08/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: DDT.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,171p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for DDT. It presents concentration crite-
ria for the protection of fresh water and saltwater
aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for
humans, and in the case of suspect or proven carcino-
gens, gives various levels of incremental cancer risk. A
section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualitative or
quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when
not exceeded, will ensure a water quality sufficient to
protect a specified water use. Under the Act a criterion
is a scientific entity, based solely on data and scientific
judgment. It does not reflect considerations of eco-
nomic or technological feasibility nor is it a water qual-
ity standard and initself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, *DDT, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Exposure, Toxic tolerances,
Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Insecticides, Marine biology, Fresh
water biology, Concentration(Composition), Carcino-
gens, Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
coklnetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 924/3 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Hexachlorocyclo-
hexane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,107p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for hexachlorocyclohexane. It presents
concentration criteria for the protection of fresh water
and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentra-
tions for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven
carcinogens, gives various levels of incremental
cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a
qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentra-
tion of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is It a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Labo-
ratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens, Public
health, Risk, Food, Experimental data, Plants(Botany),
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants), Environmental health, Health risks,
Maximum permissible exposure, Pharmacokinetics,
'Cyclohexane/hexachloro, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 925/0 PC A10/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Mercury.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978, 217p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1314
(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically update
water quality criteria. These criteria are to reflect the
latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable effects of
pollutants on public health and welfare, aquatic life,
and recreation. This report presents water quality crite-
ria for mercury. It presents concentration criteria for
the protection of fresh water and saltwater aquatic life.
It presents 'safe' concentrations for humans, and in
the case of suspect or proven carcinogens, gives var-
ious levels of incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a)
water quality criterion is a qualitative or quantitative es-
timate of the concentration of a water constituent or
pollutant in ambient waters which, when not exceeded,
will ensure a water quality sufficient to protect a speci-
fied water use. Under the Act a criterion is a scientific
entity, based solely on data and scientific judgment. It
does not reflect considerations of economic or techno-
logical feasibility nor Is it a water quality standard and
initself has no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicology,
'Mercury(Metal), Exposure, Toxic tolerances, Labora-
tory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic
biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcinogens,
Public health, Risk, Food, Experimental data,
Plants(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants), Environmental health,
Health risks, Maximum permissible exposure, Pharma-
cokinetics, Clean Water Act.
PB-297 926/8 PC A09/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Polynuclear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbon*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
1978,198p*
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
I3l4(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public nealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
It presents concentration criteria for the protection of
fresh water and saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe'
concentrations for humans, and In the case of suspect
or proven carcinogens, gives various levels of Incre-
mental cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality crite-
rion is a qualitative or quantitative estimate of the con-
centration o1 a water constituent or pollutant in ambi-
ent waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a
water quality sufficient to protect a specified water use.
Under the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based
solely on data and scientific judgment. It does not re-
flect considerations of economic or technological feas-
ibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself has
no regulatory effect.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Toxicology, 'Aromatic po-
lycyclic hydrocarbons, Exposure, Toxic tolerances,
Laboratory animals, Criteria, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens, Public
health, Risk, Food, Experimental data, Plants(Botany),
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants), Environmental health, Health risks,
Maximum permissible exposure, Pharmacokinetics,
Clean Water Act.
December 1983 701
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-297 932/6 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Ambient Air Carcinogenic Vapor*, Improved Sam-
pling and Analytical Techniques and Field Studies.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edo D. Pellizzari, and John E. Bunch. May 79,341 p
EPA/600/2-79/081
Contract EPA-68-02-2764
Improved techniques for sampling and analyzing vola-
tile organic compounds in the ambient air were devel-
oped and evaluated. Emphasis was placed on tech-
niques for halocarbons and other compounds known
or suspected of being carcinogenic. Areas ot investi-
gation Included (a) the evaluation of XAD-2, charcoal
and Tenax GC sorfaents for in situ formation on haloge-
nated organics during the sampling of air containing
chlorine and olefins; (b) the development and testing
of a cryoheater module for a thermal desorptlons inlet-
manifold; and (c) the characterization and quantifica-
tion of hazardous organic vapors In ambient air collect-
ed at several different geographical areas within the
continental United States.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds, Air
pollution, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Field tests,
Halogen organic compounds, Manifolds, Carcinogens,
Gas ohromatography, Sorbents, Laboratory equip-
ment, Desorptlon, *Air pollution detection, Charcoal,
XAD 2 resins, Tenax GC resins.
PB-297 942/5 PC A03/MF A01
Possible Use of 'Alcallgenes paradoxus' as a Bio-
logical Monitor. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Oiv.
Donald V. Bradley, Jr., Robert D. Rogers, and James
C. McFarlane. Apr 79,46p EPA/600/3-79/04S
A tritium (3H2)-oxldlzlng soil isolate was identified as
Alcallgenes paradoxus, a gram-negative, rod-shaped
bacterium. This organism belongs to a group of facul-
tative autotrophs referred to as the 'hydrogen bacteria'
due to their unique ability to utilize hydrogen as a sole
source of energy for chemolithotrophic growth. Experi-
ments with washed cells of A. paradoxus suspended in
0.02SM potassium phosphate buffer (resting cells)
showed that 1.0 ppm mercury (as Hg(NO3)2) caused a
95 percent reduction in hydrogen oxidation, whereas,
concentration of 0.1 ppm and Tower showed no inhibi-
tory effects. When suspensions of A. paradoxus were
added to sterile soil and then amended with mercury at
concentrations of 1.0,10.0, and 100.0 ppm, hydrogen
oxidation was reduced 80 percent, 85 percent, anrf 95
percent, respectively, compared to soil controls with
no mercury added. This showed that soil afforded, at
least temporarily, some protection from toxic mercury
effects. When cadmium or lead was used in solution, it
was found that up to 100.0 ppm of these metals pro-
duced no detectable inhibition in the rate or extent of
the hydrogen oxidation reaction at either pH 7.0 or 5.0.
However, pretreatment of A. paradoxus cells with a
combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)
and tris-(hydroxymethy!)-amlnomethane (Tris), at a pH
of 8.0, resulted In a reduction in oxidation in solutions
containing 10.0 ppm of cadmium or lead, with the
greater reduction being due to cadmium.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Bacteria, Soils, Soil mi-
crobiology, Tritium, Concentratlon(Composition), Cad-
mium, Mercury(Metal), Lead(Metal), Hydrogen,
Cells(Biology), Oxidation, Experimental data, Growth,
Taxonomy, 'Biolndicators, Alcaligenes paradoxus,
Heavy metals.
PB-297 946/6 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Economics of Disposal of Lime/Limestone Scrub-
bing Wastes: Sludge/Flyash Blending and
Qypsum Systems. Final rept. Jun 77-May 78,
National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle
Shoals, AL.
J. W. Barrier, H. L Faucett, and L. J. Hanson. Feb 79,
209p* BULL-Y-140, EPA/600/7-79/069
See also report dated Feb 78, PB-281 391.
The report, the second In a series of economic evalua-
tions of flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) waste disposal
systems, gives results of a study of two processes that
produce a soil-like landfill material without using pur-
chased additives: (1) separately collected flyash is
blended with dewatered FGD sludge from a limestone
scrubbing system; and (2) air-oxidation modifications
to a limestone scrubber, which also collects the flyash,
produce a high-sulfate sludge (gypsum) which is dewa-
tered and discarded without further treatment. Both
processes are being developed; neither has been fully
demonstrated. The sludge/flyash blending process
had a higher capital investment ($36.40/kW) than the
other (as well as untreated ponding and three of four
chemical processes evaluated in an earlier study) pri-
marily because of high electrostatic precipitator and
process equipment costs; however, the process had
lower annual revenue requirements (1.64 mills/kWh)
than three of the four chemical processes. The
gypsum process had the lowest capital investment
($15.40/kW) of all processes studied to date because
of lower process equipment cost and higher waste
bulk density; its annual revenue requirements (1.18
mills/kWh) were lower than all processes studied
except untreated ponding. Capital investment costs
are for mid-1979; annual revenue requirements are for
mid-1980.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Scrubbers, 'Sludge disposal, 'Economic analy-
sis, 'Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Limestone, Flue gases, Earth fills, Fly
ash, Oxidation, Dewatering, Sulfur oxides, Perform-
ance evaluation, Field tests, Capitalized costs, Proc-
. ess charting, Calcium oxides, Laqoons(Ponds),
Gypsum, Equipment, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Sludge
treatment.
PB-297 947/4 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assessment of Thermal DeNOx Proc-
ess. Final rept. Nov 77-Dec 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldlni, K. G. Safvesen, and H. B. Mason. May
79,138p EPA/600/7-79/117
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
See also report dated Mar 79, PB-295 830.
The report gives results of a technical/economic as-
sessment of Exxon's Thermal DeNOx Process, ap-
plied to coal-fired utility boilers. The assessment was
performed in parallel with a study in which the perform-
ance/cost of the process was estimated for eight coal-
fired utility boilers representative of the Nation's boiler
population. The report concludes that the process is a
promising technique for controlling NOx emissions
from utility steam generators. However, a number of
limitations need to be evaluated when the process is
retrofitted to coal-fired boilers. Flue gas temperature
fluctuations (caused primarily by load following, fur-
nace slag deposition, and tube fouling) may limit NOx
reductions to approximately 50%. In addition, oper-
ational and environmental Impacts of NH3 emissions
and ammonium bisulfate formation could further limit
the performance of the process and affect its applica-
bility. These limitations are best evaluated on full
scale. Total operating costs are estimated between
0.27 and 1.23 mills/RWhr, exclusive of license fee.
Actual costs depend primarily on boiler size, initial NOx
concentration, and level of control required. The as-
sessment also considered the impact of widespread
process implementation on the ammonia market, feed-
stock supplies, and their costs. The impacts were
found to be small.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Boilers, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Coal,
Flue gases, Ammonia, Economic impact, Operating
costs, Denitrification, Thermal deNOx process.
PB-297 948/2 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of the Availability and Reliability of
Equipment In the Electric Utility Industry. Final
rept. Jul 78-Mar 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. C. Dlckerman, R. T. Coleman, J. M. Burke, and C. C.
Thomas. May 79,229p* EPA/600/7-79/113
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also report dated Jan 74, PB-253 367.
The report gives results of a study to compare the reli-
ability/availability of flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD)
systems with equipment commonly used in the electric
utility Industry. Because many parameters used in re-
porting performance data for these systems have dif-
ferent definitions from one data reporting system w
another, a direct comparison could not be made, now-
ever, a comparison model was developed-incorporai-
ing such factors as reliability, development status, anu
repair effort-to produce a single statistic that could oe
used to directly compare dissimilar pieces of eaK
merit or systems. Study results indicate that a staw""
cally meaningful comparison of the reliability/availaDii-
ity of utility FGD systems cannot now be made, primar-
ily because of the small amount of FGD system per-
formance data currently available. A meaningful com-
parison can be made only after more FGD systems are
installed and more complete performance recoras
become available.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electric
power plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, Boilers, Turbines, tias
turbines, Generators, Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Comparison, oai-
cium oxides, Limestone, ScrubDers,
Absorbers(Materials), Flue gases, Mathematical
models, Trends, 'Limestone scrubbing, Wet methoas.
PB-297 976/3 PC A03/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC.
Reduction of Air Emissions from Gasoline Stor
age Tank*. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Stop-Los Co., West Orange, NJ.
Arnold Gunther. May 79,39p EPA/600/2-79/108
Contract EPA-68-02-2679
The report gives results of a project to determine the
technical and economic feasibility of using flex0™
plastic membranes to control emissions from gasoline
storage tanks. The emission rates and the expecteu
life of the membranes were to be established. A dem-
onstration pilot unit was built and operated. The emis-
sion rates were determined, as well as the life exP*6;
tancy of the membranes. The results indicate thai
emission control of 99-plus percent, compared to un-
controlled tanks, can be achieved readily, and ^nW®
life expectancy of the membranes is in the order of ^j
years of continuous service. The estimated instaHeo
cost of these devices for commercial application is
very competitive with conventionally used floating
roofs.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, 'Gasoline, 'Air pollution
control, 'Membranes, Plastics, Performance evalua-
tion, Cost analysis, Aging(Materials), Equipment,
Design, Monitoring, Leaking, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-297 964/7 PC A08/MF A01
Surface Water Quality Parameters for Monitoring
OH Shale Development. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV. I
W. L. Kinney, A. N. Brecheisen, and V. W. Lambou.
Mar 79,156p EPA/600/4-79/018
This report develops and recommends prioritized list-
ings of chemical, physical, and biological parameters
which can be used to assess the environmental impact
of oil shale development on surface water resources.
Each of the potential water-related problems is ad-
dressed in the context of the probable cumulative re-
gional impact of a maturing, commercial oil shale in-
dustry and in terms of local impact resulting from the
prototype operation initially planned on leased public
lands. The possible effects of potential po|lutants on
ambient water quality and the resulting impact on
aquatic life, public water supplies, livestock, irrigation
agriculture, and selected industries are evaluated
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Water quality, 'Surface waters,
Environmental impacts, Salinity, Trace elements, Pes-
ticides, Water consumption, Aquatic biology, Water
pollution, Water chemistry, Monitoring, Colorado River
Basin, 'Energy source development, Oil shale indus-
try.
PB-297 986/4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Disposal of Dilute Pesticide Solutions. Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
1979,1f3p' EPA/530/SW-174C
Contract EPA-68-01-4729
See also report dated 1976, PB-261 160.
702 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An extensive literature search, site visits, and inter-
views were conducted to evaluate disposal methods
•Of dilute pesticide solutions generated during pesti-
cide application equipment washing operations. The
aisposal methods evaluated include land cultivation,
son mounds and pits, evaporation basins, chemical
treatment, carbon adsorption, activated sludge, trick-
jys i filters, and incineration. The methods were evalu-
*"6a in relation to environmental safety, versatility, ap-
plicability, economics, and efficiency criteria. Given the
state of the treatment method technology and the
22 .i[e °' tne wastes and their generation, it is conclud-
ed that soil mounds could be the most readily imple-
"lentable disposal method presently available.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Pesticides, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Dilution, Industrial wastes, Evapora-
X' Adsorption, Reverse osmosis, Trickling filtration,
lr nvated sludge process, Land fills, Soils, Cost analy-
sis, Comparison, Performance evaluation, Land dis-
posal, Biological industrial waste treatment, Chemical
lreatment, Physical treatment.
PB-Z97 988/8 PC A18/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
A[r Quality Maintenance Analysis for New Jersey -
rrvf Xork and Mid-Hudson AQMA. Final rept.,
£CA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Kenneth W. Wiltsee, Jr., William L. Freeh, and David B.
EPA/902/4-
Contract EPA-68-02-2866
An air quality maintenance analysis of S02 and TSP
J-oncentration was conducted for the New Jersey -
Jjw* York and Mid-Hudson AQMA's. The year 1975
1flRnUSSd as the base and Pr°i?ctions were made to
unri ^^ and 200°- An emissions inventory created
uai ri? Previous contract was reviewed and updated
using best available data. Improvements were made in
"e Point source inventory, county level area source in-
iirt SS| and subcounty allocation procedures. An
"woved version of the AQDM model was validated
jr" then used to predict annual regional air quality
j™w8 for each year. The results indicated that annual
rOTry S02 and TSP standards could be exceeded in
me South Bronx by 2000. TSP levels throughout much
5" northeastern New Jersey and New York City exceed
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-298 069/6 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Fugitive and Fine Particle Control Using Electro-
statically Charged Fog. Final rept. Oct 77-Dec 78,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Stuart A. Hoening. Mar 79,10Op EPA/600/7-79/078
Grant EPA-R-805228
The report gives results of a study of fugitive and fine
particle control using electrostatically charged fog.
Most industrial pollutants acquire an electrostatic
charge as they are dispersed into the air. Exposing this
charged airborne material to an oppositely charged
water fog enhances contact between the particles and
the fog droplets. After contact, the wetted particles ag-
glomerate rapidly and fall out of the atmosphere. This
technique has been tested on a wide variety of indus-
trial pollutants ranging from silica flour to SO2 and fly
ash. In general, there has been significant suppression
of pollution with a minimum of water fog. In addition,
electrostatic hoods and screens can be used to push
or direct pollutants to the proper area for collection.
The system is therefore well suited to control of
moving fugitive dust sources where the usual duct and
baghouse systems are ineffective or too costly. The
charged fog systems are now being tested in varous
industrial applications with generally good results. All
work to date, including industrial applications that have
been released by the companies involved, are dis-
cussed in the report. The report covers work on: devel-
oping new charged fog systems for controlling fugitive
dust; demonstration testing of the systems in industrial
locations; and designing and constructing a high-tem-
perature stack simulator for fog gun testing.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Fines, 'Electrostat-
ics, *Fog, Particles, Water, Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Dust, Performance
evaluation, Aerosols, Sulfur dioxide, Cyclone separa-
tors, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB-298 072/0 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Ecological Effects.
Proceedings of the Scientific Review Meeting on
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Diesel
Emission Health Effects Research Program Held
at the Pentagon City Quality Inn, Arlington, Virgin-
la on December 12-13, 1978.
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Feb 79,232p EPA/600/1-79/010
Contract EPA-68-01-4144
The report is the proceedings of a scientific review
meeting of the ongoing diesel emission health effects
research program. The proceedings include formal
presentations by Agency Investigators and discus-
sions of these presentations by those in attendance.
Written comments on the program received after the
meeting are also included. Expressions of a select sci-
entific review panel are presented concerning the util-
ity of the current research program to contribute signifi-
cantly to the information base needed in making an
adequate assessment of risk to the public health from
an increased number of dlesel-powered automobiles.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Exhaust gases, 'Toxicology,
Automobiles, Malignant neoplasms, Reviews, Public
health, Air pollution, Humans, Environmental health,
'Diesel engine exhaust, Cancer, Health risks, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB-298 073/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Aerosol Measurements In the Submlcron Size
Range, Studies with an Aerosol Centrifuge, a New
Diffusion Battery, a Low Pressure Impactor and
an Advanced Condensation Nuclei Counter. Final
rept. 1973-78,
Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. for Experimental Physics.
Othmar Preining, and Axel Berner. May 79,109p EPA/
600/2-79/105
Grant EPA-R-801983
The report summarizes the investigations of four aero-
sol classifiers which cover finite, but overlapping
ranges of the aerosol particle size spectrum. The first
part is concerned with a cylindrical aerosol centrifuge,
which measures aerodynamic equivalent diameters
precisely. This instrument has been used as a refer-
ence instrument in diffusion battery experiments re-
ported in the second part. The diffusion battery has
been investigated for fairly large particle sizes (0.3 mi-
crometer to 0.5 micrometer) to determine the influence
of sedimentation, interception and impaction on the
transmission of the diffusion battery. These experi-
ments have been performed with highly monodis-
persed NaCI aerosols. In the third part a five stage low
pressure impactor is described, which covers the size
range from 0.1 micrometer to 25 micrometers diame-
ter. It has been developed specifically for the determi-
nation of the deposited paniculate mass. First data on
mass-size distributions of atmospheric aerosols are re-
ported. The final chapter summarizes the development
of a special condensation nuclei counter which meas-
ures number-size distributions in the size range from
0.002 micrometers to 0.1 micrometers KELVIN-equiy-
alent diameter. The applicability to urban atmospheric
aerosols is demonstrated.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Particle size, 'Centrifuges, 'Air
pollution, Sodium chloride, Laboratory equipment,
Condensation nuclei, Design, Performance evaluation,
Separation, Diffusion batteries, Numerical solution.
PB-298 074/6 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: Policy Analysis Report.
Final rept. Jul 75-Feb 79,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Frank J. Calzonetti. Mar 79,
857p* EPA/600/7-79/083
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
See also N79-18368.
The study examines the development of six energy re-
sources (coal, geothermal, natural gas, oil, oil shale,
and uranium) in eight western states (Arizona, Colora-
do, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) during the period from
the present to the year 2000. Nine major problem and
issue categories are analyzed: water quality, water
availability, air quality, land use and reclamation hous-
ing, growth management, capital availability, transpor-
tation, and energy facility siting. The final chapter dis-
cusses policy responses available to policy makers at
various levels of government, in Indian Trades, and in
the private sector.
Keywords: 'Government policies, 'Regional planning,
Water quality, Land use, Land reclamation, Housing
studies, Population growth, Fixed investment, Site sur-
veys, Transportation, Environmental impacts, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid wastes, Economics, Nation-
al government, State government, Local government,
Coal, Natural gas, Crude oil, Oil shale, Uranium, Arizo-
na, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Energy source devel-
opment, Western Region(Umted States), Air quality,
Energy facilities, Geothermal energy.
PB-298 077/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Accuracy of Remotely Sensed S02 Mass Emis-
sion Rates. Final rept. Jun 76-Dec 78,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., San Francisco,
CA.
R. B. Sperling, M. A. Peache, and W. M. Vaughan. May
79, 62p EPA/600/2-79/094
Contract EPA-68-02-2711
Remote sensing data of single-stack power plant
emissions and local wind speed have been analyzed
to determined SO2 mass flux for comparison with EPA
referenced methods. Four days of SO2 data were
gathered from a moving platform by three upward-
viewing remote sensors - two ultraviolet absorption
spectrometers and an infrared gas filter spectrometer.
Wind velocity data were gathered by a laser-doppler
velocimeter (LDV); supplemental data were obtained
from a tethered balloon (telemetered) and pilot bal-
loons (optical theodolite). The data matrix (S02, X-Y
position, wind velocity for 120 traverses) was comput-
er processed; the end result was the S02 mass flux
derived from the remote sensing data. Comparisons
were made between these SO2 fluxes (averages for
20 minutes and 60 minutes) and those derived from in-
stack measurements. The results of the comparisons
show the relative accuracy of the remote sensing tech-
nique for quantifying SO2 mass emission rates. The
analysis shows that as averaging time increases from
20 minutes to 12 hours the difference between the re-
motely measured S02 mass flux and the stack sam-
pling SO2 mass flux decreases from about + or - 35%
to + or - 10%. In general, no single wind measuring
system produced superior results over the other two.
The LDV and COSPEC, however, produced the best
agreement with Method 6 ( + 6%) when the plume was
transported near the LDV instrument.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Thermal power plants,
Remote sensing, Wind velocity, Ultraviolet spectros-
copy, Infrared spectroscopy, Sampling, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Industriar wastes, Com-
bustion products, Electric power plants, Flux(Rate),
Mass, Performance evaluation, Sites, Plumes, Accura-
cy, 'Air pollution sampling, EPA method 6, Numerical
solution.
PB-298 108/2 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Research Highlights 1978. Annual rept.,
Delamer, Inc., Cupertino, CA.
David Myers. Dec 78, 77p EPA/600/9-78/040
See also PB-281 305.
This collection of research project-highlights describes
some of the most interesting, fruitful, and far-reaching
results produced by the Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Research and Development (ORD)
during 1978. In some cases the highlighted projects
are culminations of either many years of research or
the integration of separate but related studies; in other
cases the projects were initiated, conducted and com-
pleted in one year. These latter projects are generally
representative of ORD's ability to react to emergen-
cies, to meet requests for assistance, and to handle
other situations that demand a rapid, intensive re-
sponse. The research is carried out by EPA scientists
in ORD laboratories, by researchers employed by
other federal agencies and funded by EPA, or by grant-
ees and contractors supervised by ORD scientific
management personnel, the studies are in all parts of
the nation, from an air pollution monitoring project in
St. Louis, to collection of pollution-ingesting mollusks
along the New England coast to samples of drinking
water supplies from Seattle and other major cities.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Research management, Indus-
trial wastes, Waste disposal, Potable water, Toxlcity,
Health, Water pollution, Waste water, Nitrogen oxides,
Sludge, Oil shale, Diesel engines, Air pollution, Stand-
ards, 'Environment protection, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Path of pollutants, Air quality, Clean Air
Act, Pollution control, Pollution abatement, Air pollu-
tion indices, Pollutant Standards Index.
PB-298 109/0 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Report: Lurgl Coal
Gasification Systems for SNG. Final rept. May 78-
Apr 79,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
M. Ghasseml, K. Crawford, and S. Quinlivan. May 79,
344p* EPA/600/7-79/120
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
The report is a compilation and analysis of data on the
equipment and processes constituting the Lurgi Sub-
stitute Natural Gas (SNG) systems, the control/dis-
posal alternatives for a media, the performance and
cost of control alternatives, and present and proposed
environmental requirements. It provides the best tech-
nical basis currently available for establishing environ-
mental standards for Lurgi SNG plants. Lurgi SNG sys-
tems are divided into four operations (coal preparation,
coal gasification, gas purification, and gas upgrading)
and a number of auxiliary processes (air pollution con-
trol, raw water treatment, oxygen production, etc.);
each operation consists of a number of processes.
Data are provided on the characteristics of input mate-
rials, products, and waste streams associated with
each process. Pollution control alternatives for air
emissions, water effluents, solid wastes, and toxic sub-
stances in an integrated facility were examined for per-
formance, costs, energy requirements, and ability to
comply with current and anticipated environmental
standards. The adequacy of the data was evaluated
and the additional data needed to support standards
development and enforcement and health and eco-
logical effects and control research and development
704 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were identified. On-going and planned programs which
may supply some of the needed data are reviewed.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Water pollution control,
Air pollution control, Assessments. Coal preparation,
Uesulfurization. Substitutes, Cost analysis, Industrial
*astes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Process charting, Regulations, Standards, Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Sampling, Environment
""pacts, Environmental surveys, "Lurgi process. "Air
Pollution abatement, Solid wastes, Toxic substances,
Land disposal.
PB-298 124/9 PC AQ4/MF A01
tnvironmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
uiv.
^•termination of Trace Quantities of Sulfate Ion:
New Approaches to an Old Problem. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
U. T. Bostick, and W D. Bostick. May 79, 54p EPA/
600/2-79/095
Contract EPA-40-S10-75
Several analytical methods for possible use in measur-
lnfl trace amounts of water soluble sulfate anions were
reviewed and evaluated. EnTymatic sulfate determine-
»on does not appear to be a viable approach until the
'squired enzymes can be obtained commercially. Gas
Chromatographic analysis of bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfate
was studied and, with further development, may be a
selective method for the determination of sulfate as
*eil as other oxy-anions. A direct kinetic method,
oased on the ability of sulfate to catalyze the depoly-
Jnerization of zirconyl species, was investigated. The
Method can detect 0 2-20 ppm sulfate and. with a mini-
mum of sample preparation, is relatively selective.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Trace elements, 'Sulfates,
r*s chromatography, Anions, Chemical analysis, En-
fyrnes, Separation, Chemical reactions, Standards. Air
Pollution, Sulfate/bis(trimethyl-silyl), "Air pollution de-
lection, Procedures.
{"B-298 134/8 PC A10/MF A01
noiston River Study. Summary document,
environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. Sur-
*ei lance and Analysis Div.
"• L. Raschke. Oct 78,210p EPA/904/9-78/019
Biological and water quality studies were conducted
«n we Holston River and Cherokee Lake Tennessee
*s part of an evaluation of clean-up efforts in and
|J!OUnd Kingsport, Tennessee. Study results showed
"at water quality in the Holston River had improved
wjnsideraoly. Further downstream in Cherokee Reser-
•oir, trophic conditions had improved, but the data
snowed that the Lake still had a high potential for algal
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Holston River, 'Chero-
I88 Lake, Algae, Nutrients,
cJpncentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
S2°L mical oxygen demand, Cherokee Reservoir,
.""won blooms, Tennessee, Evaluation, Primary bio-
Sa'cal productivity, "Water quality data,
Klr>9sport(fennessee).
PC A06/MF A01
Impact Statement Conference
|B-298 145/4
u'ly'rOnIT"ntal impaci aiaiemom uonierence
tS? at Atlanta Civic Center, Atlanta, Georgia, on
c?!»ruary 22-23, 1979. Final rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
M8y79, 125p EPA/904/9-79/040
J°uncil members on environmental quality discussed
on »?,!ac.y tnat environmental regulation was a prime
yohlnbution to inflation. Presentations were also given
r1 'mplementing the recent CEO Regulations, wetland
JJjotection, Georgia's endangered species program,
«na air quality procedures. Additionally, the Work-
included Environmental Impact Statement
rocedures.
s: 'Environmental impacts, "Meetings, Regu-
im n8' Natural resources, Protection, Environmental
""Pact statements, Environmental quality, Wetlands,
'w quality. Endangered species.
PB-298 148/8 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab , Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Improvement and Evaluation of Methods for Sul-
fate Analysis. Final rept. 1977- /8,
California State Dept of Health, Berkeley. Air and In-
dustrial Hygiene Lab.
B R Appel, E M. Hoffer. M. Haik, W. Wehremeister,
and E. L. Kothny. Apr 79, 198p EPA/600/4-79-028
Grant EPA-R-805447-1
A simpler and faster procedure lor the manual turbidi-
metric analysis of sulfate has been developed and
evaluated. This method as well as a turbidimetnc pro-
cedure using SulfaVer(R), automated methylthymol
blue (MTB) procedures lor analysis in the 0-100 micro-
grams/ml and 0-10 micrograms suifate/ml ranges.
and tne Dionex Ion Ghromatograph were evaluated for
accuracy, precision, working range, interference ef-
fects, and degree of agreement using atmospheric
samples. Using EPA sulfate audit strips, all methods
showed accuracies within 8% of the accepted value,
and coefficients of variation with atmospheric samples
of = or < 6%. Colloidal clay and yellow, water soluble
organics isolated from atmospheric samples caused
interference with all methods. All the methods studied
provide reliable analyses for 24-hour hi-vol filter sam-
ples. The automated MTB method, modified for use in
the 0-10 micrograms/ ml range as suggested by Colo-
vos, offers excellent potential for analysis of low
volume samples such as those provided by a dichoto-
mous sampler network.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Sultates, Chemical analy-
sis, Air pollution, Sampling, Laboratory equipment,
Barium sulfates, Substitutes, Comparison, Particles,
Solvent extraction, Chromatography, "Air pollution de-
tection, "Turbidimetnc analysis. Procedures. Methylth-
ymol blue, SulfaVer.
PB-298 149/6 PC A04/MF A01
Acid Dissolution Method tor the Analysis of Pluto-
nium in Soil: Evaluation of an Interlaboratory Col-
laborative Test and Comparison with Results of a
Fusion Method Test. Final rept. 1 Feb 76-1 Jun 78,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
E. L. Whittaker, and G. E. Grothaus. Mar 79, 69p 5PA/
600/7-79/081
The data from an mierlaboratory collaborative test are
presented. A statistical analysis of the data is also pre-
sented. From that analysis, statements are made of
the combined within-laboratory precision, the system-
atic error between laboratories, the total error between
laboratories based on a single analysis, and the
method bias. Soil samples used for the test contained
Plutonium in a highly refractory form, a very insoluble
form, and therefore, difficult to measure the true con-
centration. Plutonium concentrations in those samples
ranged from 0.1 to 10 dpm/g of soil. A comparison is
made between the acid dissolution method and a flu-
oride-pyrosulfate fusion method which was tested in a
similar study using the same test samples.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Plutonium, "Radioactive
contaminants, Quality assurance, Chemical analysis,
Samples, Acidification, Laboratory equipment, Numeri-
cal solution.
PB-298 170/2 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Fuel Economy Values from the
Preconditioning and Measuring Cycles of the
Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedures. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Myriam Torres. May 78,18p LDTP-78-10
The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure
consists of driving the test vehicle over two highway
driving cycles with fifteen seconds of idle between
them. The first cycle is for preconditioning and the
second is for fuel economy determination. This proce-
dure is designed to follow the Federal Emission Test
Procedure. If, however, it cannot be scheduled within
three hours of the FTP, the vehicle will be re-driven
over one cycle of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driv-
ing Schedule, known as the LA-4, before running the
two highway drivingcycles. Since the vehicles are
driven either over a FTP or a LA-4 prior to the highway
fuel economy test, the vehicles may already be in a
stabilized condition during the first cycle. Therefore, a
study was conducted to determine if it is necessary to
run the second highway cycle. This report presents
summary statistics of the absolute and relative % dif-
ferences between the fuel economy determinations of
the two cycles and compares these differences to the
time elapsed between the end of the FTP (or LA-4) and
the start of the highway test.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Road
tests, Statistical data, Applications of mathematics,
Light duty vehicles. Fuel economy.
PB-298 171/0 PC A02/MF A01
Tire Test Variability. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard N. Burgeson. Mar 78, 20p LDTP-78-01
In order to determine the effects of the twin small-roll
dynamometer on tire rolling resistance, EPA has un-
dertaken a program to measure tire rolling resistance
on both a twin small-roll dynamometer and a single
large-roll dynamometer. The results generated on the
single large-roll dynamometer will then be corrected to
a flat surface (the road) and a correlation between the
twin small-roll dynamometer and the road established
with regard to tire rolling resistance. In order to esti-
mate the accuracy of these measurements, three (3)
sets ot tires (2 tires are a set), each set of different
construction type (radial, bias belted, and bias ply),
were tested repeatedly under the same conditions
(vertical load, cold tire pressure, etc.) on the single
large-roll dynamometer. The results of these tests are
discussed in this report.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Rolling friction, Dyna-
mometers, Rolling contact loads, Correlation tech-
niques. Nondestructive tests.
PB-298 173/6 PC A03/MF A01
Tire Rolling Resistance Measurements at Initial In-
flation Pressures of 45 PSIG and 26 PSIG. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard N. Burgeson. 12 May 78, 42p LDTP-78-11
A recent EPA Technical Report (1) presents the re-
sults of a program which relates tire rolling resistance
measurements conducted on a Clayton twin small-roll
dynamometer to those on a LABECO single large roll
(48 in. diameter) dynamometer. The report extrapo-
lates the results obtained on the LABECO to the road
by the application of a curvature correction factor de-
veloped as a result of tire testing on both a flat surface
machine and a large (67 in. diameter) roll dynamo-
meter. This factor has been reported in the technical
literature (2). In the EPA study, all tests were conduct-
ed at 45 PSIG cold inflation pressure which is the typi-
cal tire pressure used for emissions and fuel economy
testing on the dynamometer. In order to determine the
effect of tire pressure on rolling resistance, data were
collected on the same tires used in the above study at
a cold inflation pressure of 26 PSIG. These data were
then combined with the 45 PSIG data for statistical
comparison.
Keywords: "Automobile tires, "Rolling friction, Meas-
urement, Dynamometers, Tests, Pressure, Exhaust
emission, Fuel consumption, Air pollution, "Fuel econ-
omy.
PB-296 174/4 PC A07/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stationery Source Combus-
tion Symposium (3rd). Volume V. Addendum,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joshua S. Bowen, and Robert E. Hall. Feb 79,134p
EPA/600/7-79/050E
See also PB-292 542.
The proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
entations made during the symposium. The sympo-
sium dealt with subjects relating both to developing im-
proved combustion technology for the reduction of air
pollutant emissions from stationary sources, and to im-
proving equipment efficiency. The symposium was in
seven parts, and the proceedings are in five volumes.
This volume discusses the following topics: Combus-
tion modification concepts for stoker-boiler applica-
tion; EPRI low combustion NOx research; Short-term
NOx standards; Towards a research plan to study
emissions from small internal combustion engines.
December 1983 705
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Combustion prod-
ucts, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Meetings, Energy con-
sumption, Boilers, Design, Revisions, Nitrogen oxides,
Standards, Internal combustion engines, Industrial
wastes, Performance evaluation, Technology,
Sources, Stationary sources.
PB-298 191/8 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series. Bib-
liography on Mlned-Land Reclamation. Final rept.,
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroeville, PA.
V. E. Gleason. Apr 79,3B3p' EPA/600/7-79/102
Grant EPA-R-805336
See also report dated May 78, PB-292 099. Sponsored
in part by Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and
Enforcement (Dl), Washington, DC.
This volume is the third to appear in the 'Coal and the
Environment Abstract Series and is a new edition of
'Reclamation of Coal Mined-Land: A Bibliography with
Abstracts.' The other volumes in the series are 'Mine
Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976' and' A Bibliography
on Disposal of Refuse from Coal Mines and Coal
Cleaning Plants.' The three Bibliographies in the 'Coal
and Environment Abstract Series' are intended to
complement one another. While each covers one par-
ticular subject area, inevitably some documents listed
in one also are relevant to one of the other Bibliogra-
phies. In addition to the abstracts, this volume includes
en Author Index and a General Index.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Land reclamation, 'Bibliog-
raphies, Coal, Mines(Excavations), Strip mining, Sur-
face mining, Drainage, Waste disposal, Abstracts,
Indexes(Documentation), Mine acid drainage, Mine
wastes, Coal mine spoil.
PB-298 199/1 PC A04/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and tand Use Team.
Capture Locations of Rare Fish In the Upper Colo-
rado River System,
Ecology Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Timothy W. Joseph. Dec 78, 53p FWS/OBS-78/32
Contract DI-14-16-0009-77-049
Library of Congress catalog card no. 78-600163.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
and Industry.
Office of Energy, Minerals
This report is a compilation of information regarding
the distribution of the following species in the upper
Colorado River system: Colorado cutthroat trout
(Salmo clarki), Kendall Warm Springs dace (Rhin-
ichthys osculus), Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus
lucius), humpback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), bony-
tail chub (Gila elegans), and humpback chub (Gila
cypha). State-specific capture locations of the fish are
plotted for Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and New Mexico.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Fresh water fishes,
•Distribution(Property), 'Colorado River, Sites, Fish-
ing, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, Salmo
clarki, Rhinichthys osculus, Ptychocheilus lucius, Xyr-
auchen texanus, Gila elegans, Gila cypha, 'Rare
fishes.
PB-298 226/2 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
/• Fluid-Bed Process for Sulphur
i Ossification of Heavy Fuel Oil -
nal rept. Jun 74-Dec 76,
Esso Research Centre, Abingdon (England).
A. W. Ramsden, and Z. Kowszun. Feb 79,343p EPA/
600/7-79/066
Contract EPA-68-02-1479
See also report on Phase 3, PB-268 492.
The report gives results of Phase 4 of a study on the
CAFB process for gasrficatlon/desulfurlzation of liquid
and solid fuels in a bed of hot lime. A new pilot unit was
designed and constructed, incorporating such novel
feature* as: a new fluldizirtg air distributor, high-flow/
low-pressure-drop cyclones, and improved refractory
construction. Conclusions Include: (1) confirmation of
the process description by a statistically derived equa-
tion; (2) bed age has a significant effect on dasulfunza-
Uon efficiency: (3) heavy residua can be gasified and
oesulfurized; (4) solid fuels show potential as feed-
stocks; (5) trace element retention depends on stone
replenishment rate (a rate sufficient to maintain bed
depth-0.2 molar-is adequate to maintain trace ele-
ment capture and sulfur removal performance); (6) sat-
isfactory performance of the redesigned pilot unit; (7) a
carbon burn-back procedure was not completely effec-
tive in cleaning the cyclones; (8) confirmation that coal
and Texas lignite are suitable feedstocks for the CAFB
and that ash accumulation and fusion do not appear to
be limiting; and (9) Texas limestone is satisfactory as
bed material if it is available in a suitable particle size
range. Remaining work includes performance tests
and evaluation.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, 'Air pollution
control, 'Fuel oil, "Gasification, 'Sulfur oxides, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sulfur, Sulfuric acid, Calcium oxides, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Manufactured gas,
Equipment, Coal gasification, Pilot plants, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, Limestone, Process charting,
Flue gases, Heavy oils, Trace elements, Cyclone sep-
arators, 'Chemically active fluid bed process.
PB-298 227/0 PC AOS/MF A01
A History of Land Application as a Treatment Al-
ternative. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
William J. Jewell, and Belford L. Seabrook. Apr 79,
97p* EPA/430/9-79/012, EPA/MCD-40
The report describes why has land treatment been
adopted in so few instances. This review was conduct-
ed to attempt to determine whether the history of land
treatment could assist in explaining the reasons
behind the apparent reluctance to use this wastewater
treatment option, and to provide a basis of judging its
future prospects. The approach to explain the major
shifts that have occurred throughout the history of land
treatment was to interweave the influences of social-
public health concerns, legal issues, and technological
developments. In ancient Greek and Roman times,
public sanitation, the efficient removal of wastes by
running water, and even land application of
wastewaters were practiced. Shortly after this time and
up until the early 1800's, public sanitation was almost
non-existent. Wastewater treatment alternatives in use
in Europe were being examined by the authorities in
the U.S. in the 1890's. The image which they saw was
characterized by increasing debates over the alterna-
tives, numerous overloaded and poorly managed sys-
tems, and a rapidly developing water supply treatment
technology. Today, over 3000 land treatment systems
are in use in the U.S. and some have been effective for
more than half a century. Surveys of land treatment
system failures have shown that most convert from
land treatment to discharge technology because of
population expansion around the site, and not because
of a failure of the renovation capability of the soil.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pol-
lution abatement, History, Objectives,
Law(Jurisprudence), Great Britain, United States, Cost
analysis, Efficiency, Rivers, Standards, Area, Land rec-
lamation, Public health, Europe, Farms, Bibliographies,
Sanitation, Scotland, 'Foreign technology, 'Land ap-
plication, Alternative planning, 'Sewage irrigation, Eu-
trophication.
PB-298 228/8 PC AOS/MF A01
An Approach for Comparing Health Risks of
Wsstewstsr Treatment Alternatives: A Limited
Comparison of Health Risks between Slow Rate
Land Treatment and Activated Sludge Treatment
and Discharge. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Ronald W. Crites, and Ants Uiga. Sep 79,77p* EPA/
430/9-79/009, EPA/MCD-41
The objective of this report is to develop an approach
for comparing the health effects of land treatment and
conventional treatment and discharge systems. An ex-
ample assessment between activated sludge and slow
rate land treatment of wastewater was presented
based on the following assumptions: Flow of 3 Mgal/d
of domestic wastewater. Activated sludge flowsheet
with (1) disinfection and (2) surface water discharge.
Slow rate land treatment flowsheet with (1) aerated
lagoon preapplication treatment, (2) storage, (3) no
disinfection, and, (4) percolate water recovery by un-
derdrains and surface water discharge. The qualitative
results indicate that both conventional and land treat-
ment systems, which are well maintained and have
good operating conditions, provide a large measure of
safety for public health. Land treatment systems tnaj
involve slow infiltration offer greater protection againsi
parasites and viruses, trace metals, nitrate, trace or-
ganics, and halogenated organics.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Water pollution con-
trol, Comparison, Activated sludge process, Humans,
Recommendations, Public health, Dosage, re-
sponses, Risk, Assessments, Waste water, Surface
waters, Ground water, "Health risks, Environment*
health, Pathogens,
PB-298 241/1 PC A02/MF A01
Plutonium-239 and Amerlclum-241 Uptake oy
Plants from Soil. Final rept., . g
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., «"
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div. ,. -_
Kenneth W. Brown. Mar 79, 25p EPA/600/3-79/026
Alfalfa was grown in soil contaminated with plutoniurn-
239 dioxide (239PuO2) at a concentration of 29.7 nan-
ocuries per gram (nCi/g). In addition to alfalfa, rao-
ishes, wheat, rye, and tomatoes were grown in son»
contaminated with americium-241 ""SI!!
(241Am(NO3)3) at a concentration of 189 nCi/g. The
length of exposure varied from 52 days for the rao-
ishes to 237 days for the alfalfa. The magnitude of pWj
tonium incorporation by the alfalfa as indicated by try
concentration ratio, 0.0000025, was similar to prevh
ously reported data using other chemical forms ojJJ~"
tonium. The results did indicate, however, that differ-
ences in the biological availability of plutoniurn iso-
topes do exist. All of the species exposed to amen-
cium-241 assimilated and translocated this radioiso-
tope to the stem, leaf, and fruiting structures. The mag-
nitude of incorporation as signified by the concentra-
tion ratios varied from 0.00001 for the wheat grass to
0.0152 for the radishes. An increase in the uptake or
americium also occurred as a function of time for fou'
of the five plant species. Evidence indicates that : tne
predominant factor in plutoniurn and americium uptaw»
by plants may involve the chelation of these elemenw
in soils by the action of compounds such as citric sow
and/or other similar chelating agents released from
plant roots.
Keywords: 'Plant growth, "Plutonium 239, 'SojJ*;
•Plutonium 238, 'Americium isotopes, Radioactive
isotopes, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Time, Metabolism, Plants(Botany), Uptake. 'Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB-298 243/7 PC A04/MF AOl
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Metabolic Responses of Shallow Tropical Berrtnw
Microcosm Communities to Perturbation, rinai
rept.,
Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology, Honolulu.
S. V. Smith, P. L. Jokiel. G. S. Key, and E. B. Guinther.
Jun 79, 67p EPA/600/3-79/061
Grant EPA-R-800906
Benthos communities simulating various aspects of
coral reels were established in 600-liter microcosm
tanks. These communities were then subjected to var-
ious environmental perturbations, including altereo
light regime, altered substratum type, salinity depres-
sion, elevated nutrient level, and biological manipula-
tion. The metabolic responses of the community to
these perturbations were monitored, primarily by anal-
ysis of dissolved oxygen flux. Light, substratum type,
and nutrient levels are resources which limit communi-
ty metabolism. From 35 to 22 parts per 1000 by weight,
metabolism is not sensitive to salinity. Metabolism »
sensitive to biological manipulation.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Coral, 'Reefs, "Benthos,
•Water pollution, Metabolism, Salinity, Nutrients,
Bioassays, Monitoring, Thermal pollution, Light(Visibl«
radiation), Sewage disposal, Environmental impacts,
Microcosms, 'Ocean waste disposal, *Water pollution
effects) Animals).
PB-298 247/8 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Emission Test Methods for Hslog*"
iwrted Hydrocarbons. Volume I, CC14, C2H4CU.
C2C14, and C2HC13. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
706 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Joseph E. Knoll, Mark A. Smith, and M. Rodney ,
Miogett. Mar 79,68p EPA/600/4-79/025
A test method for halogenated hydrocarbons has been
waiuated and intormation is provided for the user.
rirto cornpounds were investigated, carbon tetrachlo-
L0.?;. ethylene dichloride, tetrachloroethylene, and
atnhi ° ylene- The Subie9t compounds remained
•Eli T comPressed gas mixtures in aluminum and
Son °y|lnd«rs tor 4 months. In Tedlar bags held at am-
,„,"' temperatures, carbon tetrachloride and tetrach-
S°e%lene remained stable for 10 days, trichloroeth-
y»ne tor 2 days, and ethylene dichloride for one day.
vu»= 29 causes decreases in stabilities. A procedure
Tarii ae^el°Ped to remove persistent residues tram
n«£vJr 89S that had contacted high concentrations of
""'ogenated hydrocarbons. Information is also includ-
*p on gas chromatographic columns for use in this
method of analysis.
i: 'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Air pollution, *Gas
Mass spectroscopy, Halogen organic corn-
Chlorine organic compounds, Tests, Gas
igraphy, Chemical analysis, Laboratory equip-
rw,"' Humans, Personnel, Sampling,
SrpwitrationfComposition). Stability, Tables(Data),
•5L V16' 'Ethylene/dlchloro, 'Ethylene/tetrachloro,
.??])™ne/trichloro, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
terti ba9s' "Air Pollution sampling, 'Air pollution de-
tors stationary sources, Flame ionization detec-
Sl«!!? 248/6 PC A03/MF A01
ii,K_ ?M Chemllumlnescence System for Maas-
u""fl Atmospheric Ammonia,
"•"inmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
s»«Ph Ba"mgardner, W. A. McClenny, and R. K.
sevens. Feb 79,48p EPA/600/2-79/028
'^optimization and testing of a continuous measure-
-?™ system for analyzing atmospheric ammonia con-
KiatlC)ns (° to 1° .PPW is described. The measure-
am system combines an ultra-sensitive chemilu-
'nnescence nitric oxide detector, with a thermal con-
BN* for NH3 to nitric oxide (N°) conversion, and an
•«aic scrubber for alternate removal of NH3 from the
a w k stream- The chemiluminescence monitor with
"Jan temperature converter will give a combined
"jaasurement of NO, N02 and NH3. Other nitrogen
vert* 9 compounds, it present, may also be con-
lino «; By P'acing an acidic scrubber in the sample
w, tne ammonia will be removed and a combined
S?a8"'ement of NOx (NO and NO2) will be obtained.
SrM*8 the Si9nal difference when the scrubber is in
be rt § • 8amP|e line'tne concentration of NH3 can
J? aetermined. Performance tests were conducted on
.'"L'Owl measurement systems to verify its capability
tWeasure N0'NO2 and NH3 under laboratory condi-
nanfi as we" as ambient monitoring conditions. A dy-
o? k?,calibration system capable of generating 1 ppb
»LH3 was used for the testing. The calibration
'ystem is a double dilution permeation system.
'Ammonia, 'Monitors, 'Chemilumines-
, 'Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Air pollution,
en oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide,
j^mcentratlon(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Wutiat°ry equipment, Separation, Calibrating, 'Air
A?"?98 2S1 /0 pc A04/MF A01
y Investigation of Energy Densities In the View-
s' of.v«hlcles with Mobil* Communication* Equip-
™J« and Near a Hand-Held Walkle Talkie. Techni-
,
:-™ee of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
^fflnetjc Radiation Analysis Branch.
"onald L Lambdin. Mar 79, 64p ORP/EAD-79/2
levels are examined in and around several
of vehicles equipped with mobile communica-
equipment. Additionally, exposure levels are ob-
ed near the head of an individual operating a
BHU hel.d walkie-talkie. Measurements of energy den-
^*8 inside vehicles indicate highest exposures occur
XT the head and near tne driver's hands (when on
J"8 steering wheel). Outside the vehicles, highest ex-
El*** levels occur near sharp edges and corners,
loiT we"8' and certain protuberances. Exposure
«yeis are greatly influenced by location of the antenna
and degree of metallic shielding. Highest exposure
levels occur near the operator's eye for a hand-held
walkie talkie.
Keywords: 'Radio equipment, 'Field strength, Mobile
equipment, Walkie talkies, Exposure, Radiation haz-
ards, Flux density, Measurement.
PB-298 254/4 PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Proceedings of the Workshop: Mlcroblal Degrada-
tion of Pollutants In Marine Environments Held at
Pensacola Beach, Florida on 9-14 April 1978. Final
rept.,
Georgia State Unto., Atlanta.
A. W. Bourquin, and P. H. Pritchard. Apr 79,554p*
EPA/600/9-79/012
Contract EPA-68-03-1325
The international workshop, held April 10-14, 1978, at
Pensacola Beach, Florida, focuses on pertinent issues
related to the scientific investigation of microbial deg-
radation of organic chemicals in aquatic environments.
Participants discuss methodological criteria for these
investigations and the need for biodegradation studies.
Speakers and contributed papers for open sessions
explore these topics: (1) biochemistry of microbial deg-
radation; (2) transformation in aquatic environments;
(3) compartmentalization in aquatic environments; (4)
biodegradation in microcosms; (5) degradation meth-
odology; and (6) persistence and extrapolation. Dis-
cussions within each session are presented. These
proceedings conclude with a summary report and
workshop consensus reports drafted by special task
groups with recommendations concerning the re-
search, production, and regulation of potential aquatic
pollutants.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Biodeterioration, 'Water pollu-
tion, Bacteria, Fungi, Aquatic microbiology, Marine mi-
crobiology, Marine microorganisms, Biochemistry, Cri-
teria, Methodology, Recommendations, Research,
Regulations, Production, Organic compounds, Ex-
trapolation, 'Biodegradation, 'Microbial degradation,
Microcosms, Environmental persistance.
PB-298 280/9 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Background Study on the Development of a
Standard Leaching Test. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Robert Ham, Marc A. Anderson, Rainer Stegmann,
and Robert Stanforth. May 79,275p EPA/600/2-79/
109
Grant EPA-R-804773
The principal objective of the research summarized in
this report was to develop a leaching test which could
be used widely to assess the leaching characteristics
of industrial wastes. Detailed investigations were made
regarding the best general type of test, and the test
variables and operating conditions which must be
standardized if the test is to be used by many laborato-
ries and on different wastes. The recommended pro-
cedure is a batch or flask test, using distilled water plus
other leaching media according to the characteristics
of the landfill(s) of concern. One leaching medium sim-
ulates the leaching characteristics of leachate derived
from actively decomposing municipal refuse landfills,
1or example. Test procedures were designed to pro-
vide information regarding the materials likely to be
leached from a waste, an estimate of the maximum
concentrations of these materials, an estimate of the
amount of material likely to be released per unit weight
of waste, and an indication of the effect of codisposal
of the waste in question with mixed municipal refuse or
other specific wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Leaching, 'Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Earth fills, Standards,
Ground water, Samples, Tests, Separation, 'Solid
waste management, Procedures.
PB-298 286/6 PC A03/MF A01
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, 1977-
1978. Annual rept.
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
1979,30p
See also PB-290 383.
The 1977-1978 Annual Report discusses the Iowa De-
partment of Environmental Quality's major activities
and programs for the 1977-78 fiscal year. Along with
highlighting Iowa's environmental efforts and achieve-
ments, the report also focuses on the state's environ-
mental needs. The five major program areas covered
in the report are: Air Quality, Solid Waste and Recy-
cling, Hazardous Substances and Environmental
Emergencies, Water Quality, and Environmental Train-
ing.
Keywords: 'Iowa, Air pollution control, Air pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Hazardous materials, Accidents,
Water pollution control, 'Environmental quality, Envi-
ronmental protection.
PB-298 303/9 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Monitoring of Ambient Levels of Ethyfene Dichlo-
ride (EDC) In the Vicinity of EDC Production and
User Facilities. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Lawrence A. Elfers. Apr 79,147p EPA/600/4-79/029
Contract EPA-68-02-2722
A study was conducted near ethylene dichloride (EDC)
production and user facilities to determine ambient
EDC levels. The results will be used in health risk as-
sessment studies now in progress. Three geographical
study areas were selected, and a 10-day monitoring
program was conducted at each. Integrated sampling
was conducted over a 24-hour period at 12 locations
within each study area. Meteorological measurements,
consisting of wind speed, wind direction, temperature,
relative humidity, and rainfall were also made. The
EDC in the ambient air was collected on charcoal sorp-
tion tubes, eluted with an organic solvent, and quantl-
tated by gas chromatographlc separation and mass
spectrographic detection techniques. Ambient levels
of EDC at some locations were found to be In excess
of 500 micrograms/cubic meter (125 ppb). These high
levels occurred during atmospheric conditions of calm
or low wind speeds. The field monitoring activities, lab-
oratory analyses, quality assurance program, and EDC
levels obtained are presented in this report.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, Monitor-
ing, Concentration(Composition), Manufacturing,
Sites, Public health, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Field tests,
Laboratory equipment, Industrial wastes,
Absorbers(Materials), Charcoal, 'Ethylene/dichloro,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Toxic
substances.
PB-298 343/5 PC A10/MF A01
American-Soviet Symposium on Chemical Pollu-
tion of the Marine Environment (1st) Held at
Odessa, USSR on May 24-28,1977. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Karl K. Turekian, and Anatoliy I. Simonov. Dec 78,
206p EPA/600/9-78/038
Symposium Sponsored as Part of the U.S.-U.S.S.R.
Agreement on Protection of the Environment.
This symposium, organized under a U.S.-U.S.S.R. En-
vironmental Agreement (Project 02.06-21), focuses on
the impact of chemical pollution on the world's
oceans. Soviet and American specialists discuss the
fate of heavy metals in estuaries and the Gulf of
Mexico; transport of natural radionuclides in shelf
waters of the eastern U.S.; the distribution and dynam-
ics of trace metals in pore water and sediment; biogeo-
chemical research on metals in the world's oceans;
monitoring chemical pollution and forecasting its bio-
logical consequences; arsenic, antimony, and mercury
in seawater; pollution of the Caribbean Basin; oil and
oil products in surface waters of the Atlantic, Pacific,
and Indian Oceans; the forms of heavy metals in
seawater (e.g. mercury); methods of sampling water
from the ocean surface microlayer and the technical
composition of the microlayer; a method for determin-
ing mercury; scientific aspects of marine pollution
problems; and the management of the quality of the
marine environment. Publication of the proceedings
held May 24-28,1977, in Odessa, U.S.S.R., is in com-
pliance with the Memorandum from the 4th Session of
the Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. Committee on Cooperation in
the Field of Environmental Research.
Arsenic, Antimony, USSR, USA, Water analysis,
December 1983 707
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemical analysis, Sediments, Estuaries, Transport
properties, Water pollution detection, 'Water quality,
Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Oil pollution, Tracer
studies, Flameless atomic spectroscopy.
PB-298 350/0 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gas Sample Storage. Final rept. Jan 78-Feb 79,
Little (Arthur D.i, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. E. Thrun, J. C. Harris, and K. Beltis. Apr 79,49p
EPA/600/7-79/095
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report gives results of a laboratory evaluation to
compare the storage stability of selected gases cover-
ing a range of compound categories, in three types of
containers: glass bulbs and two different polymeric
sample bags. The studies indicate that glass bulbs are
the best overall choice, with no significant gas losses.
Reactive and highly polar gases were preferentially
lost from samples stored in the polymeric bags. Some
contaminants were detected in the samples taken
from the polymeric sample bags, presumably the result
of outgassing from the materials used to construct the
bags.
Keywords: 'Containers, *Gas analysis, 'Samples,
'Gas storage, Laboratory equipment, Polymeric films,
Glassware, Chemical analysis, Comparison, Stability,
Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution detection,
Tedlar bags.
PB-298 389/8 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Preclpltator Technology Assess-
ment: Visits In Japan, November 1977. Final rept.
Nov 77-Apr 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Grady B. Nichols. Jun 78,47p EPA/600/7-78/110
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
The report gives results of a paniculate control tech-
nology assessment visit to Japan by a team of U.S. in-
vestigators. The visit eluded discussions with per-
sonnel from universities, industries, and other major in-
stallations involved with paniculate control. Significant
research activities were noted in both the academic
and industrial sectors related to paniculate control and
measurements. The report summarizes results of the
individual discussions, observations during the tour,
and discussions of technical papers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipltators, 'Particles, Technology, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, 'Foreign
technology.
PB-298 427/6 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Asphalt Concrete Plants,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Kathryn J. Brooks, Edwin L. Keitz, and John Watson.
Jun 79,152p* MTR-7826, EPA/450/3-79/014
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart I - Asphalt
Concrete Plants. Emphasis is given to the state of con-
trol technology, extent to which plants have been able
to meet current standards, experience of representa-
tives of industry and of EPA officials involved with test-
ing and compliance, economic costs, environmental
and energy considerations, and trends in the asphalt
industry. Information used in this report is based upon
data available as of June 1978. Recommendations are
made for possible modifications and additions to the
standard, including future studies needed of unre-
solved issues.
Keywords: 'Concrete plants, 'Asphalts, 'Air pollution.
Cost analysis, Technology, Standards, Trends, Parti-
cles, Forecasting, Regulations, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Revisions, Energy consump-
tion, Opacity, Air pollution, 'New source performance
standards, 'Air pollution abatement, Stationary
sources.
708 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB-298 439/1 PC A05/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part I: Methods, Rationale, and Data Limi-
tations,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
and F. A. Morris. Mar 79,79p EPA/600/3-79/021
See also Part 2, PB-298 440. Prepared in cooperation
with Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
During the spring, summer, and fall of 1972 through
1975, the National Eutrophication Survey (NES) sam-
pled 815 lakes throughout the 48 contiguous United
States. About 2 1/2-million physical, chemical, and
biological measurements were made of the lakes stud-
ied. This report, Part I, presents the methodology, ra-
tionale, output format, and data limitations of the prod-
uct. The physical, chemical, and morphometric condi-
tions of the 250 lakes included in the study are de-
scribed. The mechanics and logic of interfacing physi-
cal and chemical data (total phosphorus; orthophos-
phorus; nitrite-nitrate-, ammonia-, and total Kjeldahl-nl-
trogen; nitrogen/phosphorus ratio; Secchi disk tran-
sparency; chlorophyll a; turbidity; pH; total alkalinity;
dissolved oxygen; and temperature) with biological
data to establish the environmental requirements and
the relative importance of phytoplankton are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Reservoirs, Methodology, Output, Sampling, Site sur-
veys, Planning, Data storage, Physical properties,
Aquatic microbiology, Fresh water biology, Water qual-
ity. Plant growth, Nutrients, United States, Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Bioindicators, Species diver-
sity, Habitats, Morphometry.
PB-298 440/9 PC A07/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships in U.S.
Lakes. Part II: 'Genera acanthosphaera' Through
'Cystodlnlum' Collected from Eastern and South-
eastern Lakes,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Mar 79,130p EPA/600/3-79/022
See also Part 1, PB-298 439, and Part 3, PB-298 441.
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Water quality relationships for about 180 genera and
700 species and varieties of phytoplankton were deter-
mined from National Eutrophication Survey data col-
lected in 17 eastern and southeastern states during
1973. This report, Part II, presents environmental re-
quirements and relative abundance of 54 phytoplank-
ton genera: Acanthosphaera through Cystodinium.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
•Reservoirs, Abbreviations, Dictionaries,
Tables(Data), Depth, Abundance, Nitrogen, Plant
growth, Inventories, Turbidity, Water quality, United
States, 'Water quality data, Eutrophication, Bioindica-
tors, Species diversity, Habitats.
PB-298 441/7 PC A05/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part III: -Genera dactylococcopsls'
Through 'Gyroslgma1 Collected from Eastern and
Southeastern Lakes,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
and W. D. Taylor. Mar 79,96p EPA/600/3-79/023
See also Part 2, PB-298 440, and Part 4, PB-298 442.
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Water quality relationships for about 180 genera and
700 species and varieties of phytoplankton were deter-
mined from National Eutrophication Survey data col-
lected in 17 eastern and southeastern States during
1973. This report, Part (II, presents environmental re-
quirements and relative abundance of 34 phytoplank-
ton genera: Dactylococcopsis through Gyroslgma.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
•Reservoirs, Dictionaries, Tables(Data), Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Plant growth, Algae, Water
quality, Concentrattonn), Nutrients, pH,
Turbidity, Tables(Data), United States, Eutrophication,
'Water quality data, Bioindicators, Habitats, Species
diversity.
PB-298 442/5 PC A06/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part IV: •Genera hantzschla' Through 'Pter-
omonas' Collected from Eastern and Southeast-
ern Lakes,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Ws
Vegas, NV.
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
and L. R. Williams. Mar 79, 1 16p EPA/600/3-79/024
See also Part 3, PB-298 441, and Part 5, PB-298 443.
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Water quality relationships for about 180 genera and
700 species and varieties of phytoplankton were deter-
mined from National Eutrophication Survey data col-
lected in 17 eastern and southeastern States during
1973. This report, Part IV, presents environmental re-
quirements and relative abundance of 47 phytoplank-
ton genera: Hantzschia through Pteromonas.
Keywords: * Phytoplankton, "Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Reservoirs, Acclimatization, Physical properties,
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, Abundance,
n,
, urcaon, aer qu
tors, 'Habitats, Species diversity.
PB-298 443/3 PC A06/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part V: 'Genera quadrlgula 'Through 'Zyfl-
nema' Collected from Eastern and Southeastern
Lakes,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
and V. W. Lambou. Mar 79, 1 10p EPA/600/3-79/025
See also Part 4, PB-298 442. Prepared in cooperation
with Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
Water quality relationships for about 180 genera and
700 species and varieties of phytoplankton were deter-
mined from National Eutrophication Survey data col-
lected in 17 eastern and southeastern States during
1973. This report, Part V, presents environmental re-
quirements and relative abundance of 45 phytoplank-
ton genera: Quadrigula through Zygnema.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Reservoirs, Sampling, Abandance, Nutrients,
Concentration(CompositTon), Plant growth, Turbidity,
pH, Tables(Data). Ecology, Fresh water biology,
........... -"»' _ phication, 'Water
Species diversity.
Aquatic biology, United States, Eutrophication, 'Water
quality data, Bioindicators, Habitats, Sp
PB-298 459/9 PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for Selecting TSP Episode Monitoring
Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
George Manire. 12 Feb 79,34p EPA/450/4-79/007,
OAQPS-1.2-114
This guideline explains the principles of operation of
the two episode paniculate monitoring methods which
are modification of the reference method and the pro-
cedures for establishing a site and season-specific re-
lationship between the nigh volume method and partic-
ulate methods other than the modified reference meth-
ods.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Guidelines, Air pollution, Monl-
tonng, Regulations, Revisions, Sampling, Sites, Labo-
ratory equipment, State implementation plans, 'Air
pollution sampling, High volume samplers.
PB-298 465/6 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical Aspects of Afterburner Systems. Final
rept. Mar 77-Mar 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. H. Barnes, M. J. Saxton, R. E. Barrett, and A. Levy.
Apr 79,118p EPA/600/7-79/096
Contract EPA-68-02-2629
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report reviews the chemistry and reaction kinetics
of oxidation and pyrolysis reaction that occur in after-
Burners (or fume incinerators) that are used to destroy
organic pollutants in air or gas streams. Chemical ki-
netic rate data are compiled for both complex and
global reaction mechanisms of interest for the design
and analysis of afterburner systems. Direct-flame,
thermal and catalytic afterburner systems are covered.
Details are also given on techniques for estimating
chemical rate data when experimental data are un-
available. Appropriate equations are given for calculat-
ing the chemical performance characteristics of after-
ourner systems, and recommendations are made for
using chemical rate data for the analysis of afterburner
systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Afterburners, *Re-
aetwn kinetics, 'Combustion, Oxidation, Pyrolysis, Or-
ganic compounds, Design criteria, Performance evalu-
ation, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Water,
Carbon dioxide, Aldehydes, Fumes, Catalysis, Carbon
monoxide, Chemical reactions, Hydrogen, Homogene-
ous reactions, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Nu-
merical solution.
WJ-298 471/4 PC A02/MF A01
effects of Suspended Sediments on Photolysis
nates of Dissolved Pollutants. Journal article,
environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Glenn C. Miller, and Richard G. Zepp. 27 Jul 78, 9p
EPA/600/J-79/013
PUD. in Water Research, v1 3 n5 p453-459. 1 979.
are presented concerning the effects of suspend-
"P sediments upon photolysis rates of dissolved ultra-
violet (u.v.) absorbing pollutants. The malachite green
eucocyanide actinometer was found to be a conven-
ient and sensitive device for measurement of solar u.v.
radiation (about 330nm) in sediment suspensions. Irra-
aiance measurements by the actinometer were em-
p{°yed to compute diffuse attenuation coefficients fpr
Raiment suspensions from six natural water bodies in
Georgia, Mississippi, and Montana. Specific attenu-
ation coefficients were remarkably similar for all the
sediments examined. Evidence is presented that large
underestimates of photolysis rates result when beam
attenuation coefficients of turbid water bodies are em-
Ployed to compute the effects of light attenuation. Fi-
nally, it is demonstrated that photolysis rates within the
Pnotic zone are generally more rapid in turbid than in
clear water. Enhanced photolysis rates in turbid waters
are attributed to the increased diffuseness of light
caused by scattering.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Photolysis,
neaction kinetics, 'Mathematical models, Ultraviolet
radiation, Attenuation, Actinometry, Photochemistry,
mm scattering, Numerical solution, Reprints.
PB-298 472 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions from FBC (Fluldized-Bed Combustion)
"WIers. Journal article,
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
g- Bruce Henschel. 1978, 7p EPA/600/ J-78/1 12
^ub- in Environmental Science and Technology, v12
n5p534-538, 1978.
The paper provides perspective regarding the environ-
perrtal acceptability of atmospheric-pressure fluidized-
oed boilers, with particular emphasis on the application
o' this technology as a technique for utilizing coal in
[he industrial sector. It reviews emission sources within
jne process, and applicable Federal environmental
'BQulations. It summarizes available Information on
omissions and control of SO2, NOx, and particulates
"'orn atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion units, as
wen as information on the environmental characteris-
es of the solid residue that is produced. It is conclud-
~° that atmospheric fluidized-bed boilers should be
jechnically capable of meeting existing New Source
Performance Standards for S02, NOx, and (probably)
Paniculate emissions from large coal-fired steam gen-
"Tatars. Preliminary data on the solid residue suggest
not exist.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Fluidized
°ed processors, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Standards, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Regulations, Solid waste disposal, Coal, Tech-
nology, Design, Performance evaluation, Process
charting, New source performance standards, Re-
prints.
PB-298 473/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of the Fluldlzed-Bed
Combustion of Coal: Methodology and Initial Re-
sults. Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Keshava S, Murthy, Herman NacK, and D. Bruce
Henschel. 1978,10p EPA/600/ J-78/111
Contract EPA-68-02-2138
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Assoc., v28 n3
p213-220, Mar 78. Revision of Paper 77-26.6 present-
ed at Annual APCA Meeting (70th), Held at Toronto,
Canada Jun 77.
The paper discusses a program being conducted by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
aimed at complete environmental assessment (EA) of
the fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) of coal. It reviews
the EA methodology being developed by EPA: identifi-
cation of current technology and environmental back-
ground, including development of a list of 'the universe
of potential pollutants;' development of environmental
objectives via the Multimedia Environmental Goals
(MEG) chart; comprehensive analysis of emissions
from operating FBC systems; assessment of existing
control technology; analysis of environmental control
alternatives, using a Source Analysis Model (SAM) ap-
proach; and identification of further data and technol-
ogy needs. It discusses the early status of applying
each methodology step for the EA of FBC. It reviews
EPA's ultimate goal of supporting environmental
standards for FBC. It describes briefly the status of
FBC technology.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Coal, 'Air pol-
lution control, 'Water pollution control, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Assessments, Sorbents, Industrial wastes,
combustion products, Technology, Substitutes, Stand-
ards,'Land pollution.
PB-298 474/8 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Arsenic as the Oxidate by Ion
Chromatography. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. Steiber, and R. Merrill. 10 Nov 76,8p EPA/600/J-
79/014
Pub. in Jnl. Analytical Chemica Acta (Analytical Let-
ters) V12(A3) p273-278,1979.
The report describes an analysis of arsenic as the oxo
anlon. The procedure involves oxidation of the arsenic
to arsenate in an aqueous solution and Injection onto
an anion separator column. Comparison is made with a
standard wet chemical procedure, and data is present-
ed on reproducibility. There is also a discussion of the
applicability of this method to the determination of
other oxo anions. In the past few years the technique
of ion Chromatography, as developed by Small, Ste-
vens, and Baumann, has proven useful in a wide range
of analytical applications. In particular, the determina-
tion of such species as Cl(-1), F(-1), NO2(-1), N03(-1),
SO3(-2), and SO4(-2) by anion separation column has
rendered many long and complicated wet chemical
procedures obsolete. In this technique the anions of in-
terest are separated on an analytical column contain-
ing fine anlon exchange particles agglomerated on
surface sulfonated styrene dlvinylbenzene(SSS/DVB)
resin. They are then passed through a strong acid
stripper column from which they are eluted in a back-
ground of de-ionized water. The concentration is
measured by a conductivity cell in conjunction with a
strip chart recorder.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Chemical analysis. Arsenates,
Oxidation, Anions, Pollution, Separation, Ion exchang-
ing, 'Ion exchange Chromatography, Procedures, Wet
methods. Reprints.
PB-298 475/5 PC A02/MF A01
Maximum Surface Concentration of SO2 From a
Moderate-Size Steam-Electric Power Plant as a
Function of Power Plant Load. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John S. Irwin, and Alan M. Cope. 17 Mar 78,5p EPA/
600/J-79/019
Pub. in Jnl. Atmospheric Environment, v13 p195-197,
1979.
Using the reported effluent characteristics from a mod-
erate-size power plant, a simulation of the maximum
ground-level concentrations of S02 was conducted
using a simple Gaussian plume model. The results
suggest that high surface concentrations can occur
even when the SO2 emission rate is significantly re-
duced by lowering the power load of the power plant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Thermal
power plants, 'Mathematical models, Electric power
plants, Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, 'Gaussian plume models, Re-
prints.
PB-298 476/3 PC A02/MF A01
Disposal of Flue-Gas-Cleaning Wastes. Journal ar-
ticle,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Julian W.Jones. 1977,9p EPA/600/J-77/153
Pub. in Chemical Engineering, v84 p79-85,14 Feb 77.
The article describes current commercial and emerg-
ing technology for disposal of wastes from flue gas
cleaning (FGC) systems for coal-fired power plants.
Over 80 million metric tons/yr (dry) of coal ash and de-
sulfurization solids are expected to be produced by the
1980's. Although opportunities for utilization of these
wastes will exist at many plants, disposal is expected
to be the most common practice. Several disposal
methods are being studied to minimize adverse envi-
ronmental effects from disposal of FGC wastes. These
include ponding, landfill disposal, mine disposal, and
at-sea disposal. Ponding and landfill disposal are both
current practices; environmental and economic im-
provements of these methods are emerging through a
combination of EPA and private industry efforts. Dis-
posal in mines, particularly coal mines, appears quite
promising, and is being strongly considered by several
electric utilities. At-sea disposal is currently under
study and, although a degree of uncertainty exists re-
garding its viability, several approaches appear prom-
ising.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Flue gases, Technology, Ashes, Ponds, Earth fills,
Mines, Economic analysis, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Byproducts, Electric power plants, 'Coal
fired power plants, Ocean waste disposal, Reprints.
PB-298 477/1 PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal
Variability of the Ratio Chlorophyll A to Phyto-
plankton Cell Volume In Saglnaw Bay, Lake
Huron. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
David M. Dolan, Victor J. Bierman, Jr., Merlin H. Dipert,
and Raymond D. Geist. 1978,11pEPA/600/J-7B/113
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Res., Internatl. Assoc. Great
Lakes Res., v4(1) p75-83, Mar 78.
Chlorophyll a has traditionally been used as an indica-
tor of phytoplankton concentration in natural waters.
This parameter has also been widely used by phyto-
plankton modelers for the purpose of comparing
model output with field data. Examination of 1974 field
data from Saginaw Bay indicated that chlorophyll a
concentrations were inconsistent with phytoplankton
cell volume concentrations. Statistical procedures
were employed to determine the significance and
source of the observed variability in the ratio of chloro-
phyll a to cell volume concentrations. The procedures
employed included t-tests, analysis of variance and
polynomial regression. The hypothesis that the natural
fog of the ratio of chlorophyll a to cell volume was con-
stant in time was tested on six different sampling sta-
tion groupings representing various spatial divisions of
Saginaw Bay. In all cases, this ratio was found to vary
significantly at the 95% confidence level. The variabil-
ity of the ratio decreased when only data from the
outer portion of Saginaw Bay were used. Greater than
60% of the variability of the ratio can be removed by
using a linear correlation of the natural log chlorophyll
a cell volume ratio with the fraction of diatom cell
volume.
Keywords: 'Chlorophylls, 'Phytoplankton, 'Saginaw
Bay, Statistical analysis, Cells(BioTogy),
Concentration(Composition), Procedures, Tests, Sam-
December 1983 709
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pling, Abundance, Measurement, Biomass, Statistical
data, Reprints, Bioindicators.
PB-298 478/9 PC A02/MF A01
Ingested Mineral Fibers: Elimination In Human
Urine. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MM.
Philip M. Cook, and Gayle F. Olson. 25 Apr 78,7p
EPA/600/J-79/015
Pub. in Science, v204 p195-198,13 Apr 79.
Sediment in human urine examined by transmission
electron microscopy contains amphibole fibers which
originate from the ingestion of drinking water contami-
nated with these mineral fibers. The ingestion of fil-
tered water results in the eventual disappearance of
amphibole fibers from urine. These observations pro-
vide the first direct evidence for the passage of mineral
fibers through the human gastrointestinal mucosa
under normal conditions of the alimentary canal.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Sediments, "Fibers, 'Amphi-
boles, 'Urine, Mineral wool, Humans, Silicate minerals,
Potable water, Ingestion(Biolqgy), Contamination,
Electron microscopy, Elimination, Gastrointestinal
system, Potable water, *Urinalysis, Drinking water, Re-
prints.
PB-298 479/7 PC A02/MF A01
Comment on 'A Model for Total Phosphorus In
Saglnaw Bay'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
David M. Dolan, and Victor J. Bierman, Jr. 1978,4p
EPA/600/ J-78-114
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v4 n1 p110-113,
Mar 78.
The subject paper (Canals and Squire 1976) presents
the results of the application of a steady-state mass
balance model to chloride and total phosphorus data
for Saginaw Bay in 1974. In this work, the steady-state
model was shown to be inadequate for this system,
except during stable periods in summer and fall. Since
most of the loading of pollutants to the bay does not
occur at these times, the time variable model was de-
veloped. The purpose of this comment is to compare
similar aspects of these projects and to contrast the
steady-state and time variable approaches with re-
spect to their ability to simulate observed phenomena
and the utility of their results.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution, 'Saginaw
Bay, Mathematical models, Steady state, Chlorides,
Time, Acceptability, Simulation, Hydrodynamics, Lim-
nology, Seasonal variations, Comparison, Great
Lakes, Reprints, Organic loading.
PB-298 482/1 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Approach to Level 2 Analysis Based on Level 1
Results, MEQ Categories and Compounds, and
Decision Criteria. Final rept. Dec 76-Dec 78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
L. E. Ryan, R. G. Beimer, and R. F. Maddalone. Feb
79,164p EPA/600/7-79/063A
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
See also PB-295 462.
The report describes an approach to the decision crite-
ria needed to proceed from the initial emission screen-
ing analysis (Level 1) to the detailed emission charac-
terization (Level 2), and a Level 2 analytical approach.
The decision criteria, considering only the available
Level 1 chemical data, provide a basis which can be
used for proceeding to a Level 2 emission character-
ization based on chemical correlation with compounds
identified as Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEGs).
The report discusses the types of Level 1 environmen-
tal assessment samples, and the chemical data availa-
ble which can be prioritized for a MEG-based Level 2
plan. It presents a logic network for determining the
need for a Level 2 sampling effort. It also presents an
Integrated approach to Level 2 inorganic compound
analysis, an identification scheme consisting of char-
acterization of the initial sample, of bulk composition,
and of individual particles. Detailed logic networks are
included to provide direction to the analyst during the
identification process. The analysis of solid and liquid
samples for organic compounds is discussed, using
mainly combined gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry. A logic network is provided for the organic
analyst.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Gas
chromatography, Inorganic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Mass spectroscopy. As-
sessments, Air pollution, Combustion products, Sam-
pling, Extraction, Concentration(Composition), 'Air
pollution detection, Liquid chromatography.
PB-298 494/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Combustion Systems. Volume I. Gas- and Oll-
flred Residential Heating Sources. Final rept. Sep
76-Mar 79,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
N. F. Surprenant, R. R. Hall, K. T. McGregor, and A. S.
Werner. May 79,177p EPA/600/7-79/029B
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also Volume 2, PB-296 390. Also pub. as GCA
Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div. rept. no.
GCA-TR-77-30-G(1).
Emissions from gas- and oil-fired residential heating
sources were assessed through a critical examination
of existing emissions data, followed by the conduct of
a phased measurement program to fill gaps in the
emissions data base. Initially, five gas-fired and five oil-
fired residential sources were selected for testing.
Mass emission rates of criteria pollutants, trace ele-
ments, and organics, including polycyclic organic
matter (POM), were determined. Subsequent evalua-
tion of the test program led to a decision to conduct
additional tests at one gas-fired and two oil-fired sites.
The principal objective of this second test program
was to determine the effect of burner on/off cycle on
emissions. Particulate sulfate, SO2, and SO3 emission
data were also obtained at the oil-fired sites. The re-
sults of the emissions assessment indicate that resi-
dential sources are of potential significance based on
multiple source severity factors calculated for an array
of houses burning gas or oil. Pollutants for which multi-
ple source severity factors exceed 0.05, the level
which may be potentially significant, are NOx from gas-
fired sources and SO3, NOx, and Ni from oil-fired
sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oil burners, 'Gas heaters,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Organic
compounds, Polycyclic compounds, Nickel, Residen-
tial buildings, Heating, Houses, Measurement.
PB-298 509/1 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Electric Utility Steam Generating Unite - Flue Gas
Desulfurlzatlon Capabilities As of October 1978.
Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
B. A. Laseke, Jr., M. T. Melia, M. T. Smith, and T. J.
Koger. Jan 79,453p EPA/450/3-79/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2811
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-279 417.
This study updates the previously published final
report, 'Flue Gas Desulfurization System Capabilities
for Coal-Fired Steam Generators,' EPA-600/7-78-
032b published in March 1978. This assessment was
made by reviewing the changes and developments in
the technology since the preparation of the March
1978 report. A substantial increase in the number and
capacity of operational FGD systems, plus the addi-
tional operational experience obtained by previously
identified operational systems, have resulted in a sub-
stantial increase in the number and capacity of oper-
ational FGD systems, plus the additional operational
experience obtained by previously identified operation-
al systems, have resulted in a substantial increase in
the amount of design and performance information.
Most notably, these include dependability (availability,
operability, reliability, and utilization) data, removal effi-
ciency data (sulfur dioxide and particulate), operating
problem and solution data, results from various re-
search, development, and demonstration programs,
and process and design innovations for new systems.
Virtually all of the FGD operating experience gained to
date has been with the wet-phase, nonregenerable,
lime/limestone processes. As a direct result of -this
previous experience, the systems committed for oper-
ation within the next 3 to 5 years also show an over-
whelming preference for lime/limestone processes.
Analysis of the current status of the technology indi-
cates that the design and operating experience gained
with the first and second generation FGD systems has
resulted in improved design and operation of subse-
quent installations. Because FGD systems that are
being engineered and/or erected will incorporate
many or all of these design innovations, even better
performance can be expected without substantial cost
increase.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur
dioxide, 'Scrubbers, "Electric power plants, Technol-
ogy, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Calcium
oxides, Limestone, Trends, Revisions, 'Steam power
plants, Wellman-Lord process. Limestone scrubbing,
Wet methods.
PB-298 S10/9 PC A15/MF A01
Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Back-
ground Information for Promulgated Emission
Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 79, 341 p EPA/450/3-79/021
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-286 155.
Standards of performance for the control of particulate
matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides emissions
from electric utility steam generating units have been
adopted under the authority of section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These standards apply only to electric
utility steam generating units capable of combusting
more than 73 megawatts (250 million Btu/hr) heat
input of fossil fuel and for which construction or modifi-
cation began after September 18, 1978. This docu-
ment contains background information, public com-
ments, additional data collected since proposal, and
EIS.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Standards, Regu-
lations, Economic impacts, Monitoring, Environmental
impacts, Energy consumption, Public health, "Stand-
ards of performance, "Air pollution abatement, Sta-
tionary sources, Clean air act.
PB-298 517/4 Not available NTIS
Composition of Aerosols Over Los Angeles Free-
ways. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. G. Dzubay, R. K. Stevens, and L. W. Richards.
C1979,9p EPA/600/J-79/020
Prepared in cooperation with Rockwell International,
Newbury Park, CA. Air Monitoring Center.
Pub. in Jnl. Atmospheric Environment, v13 n5 p653-
659, 1979.
In October of 1976, aerosol particulate samples were
collected while driving on Los Angeles freeways and
were analyzed for sulfate, nitrate, and elemental com-
position. The measurements indicate that neither ni-
trate nor sulfate concentrations increased significantly
over the roadway. The mean nitrate concentration in
the fine particle fraction was 0.2 microgram/cu m and
was not above the mean background value. The mean
background sulfate concentration was 7.9 microgram/
cu m, and the in-roadway sulfate increment was less
than 1.5 microgram/cu m. However, the mean in-road-
way lead concentration of 10.9 microgram/cu m ex-
ceeded the mean background value by a factor of
more than 6. The opticaf attenuation of the collected
aerosol deposits was measured: the mean in-roadway
value exceeded the background value by a factor of 4.
(Copyright (c) Pergamon Press Ltd., 1979.)
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Exhaust emissions, Highways,
Particles, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Air pollution, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Optical
properties, California, 'Air pollution sampling, Los
Angeles(California), 'Automobile exhaust, Reprints.
PB-298 S18/2 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Filter-Collected
Aerosol Particles. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Thomas G. Dzubay, and Dwight G. Rickel. 1978,10p
EPA/600/J-78/120
Pub. in Jnl. Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Applica-
tiors,p3-20,1978.
710 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has become an effective
technique for determining the elemental content of
aerosol samples. For quantitative analysis, the aerosol
particles must be collected as uniform deposits on the
surface of Teflon membrane filters. An energy disper-
sive XRF spectrometer having a pulsed x-ray source
jnat excites Ti, Mo, and Sm secondary targets has suf-
nciently low minimum detectable limits to enable 20-25
otfferent elements to be detected and analyzed in at-
mospheric aerosol samples. For quantitative analysis
using an energy dispersive spectrometer, the x-ray
spectra are analyzed using a least squares procedure
to eliminate interferences. Thin film standards are
used to calibrate the spectrometer. Applications in-
clude the XRF analysis of 34,000 samples from the
Regional Air Pollution Study in St. Louis.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, *X ray fluorescence, 'Parti-
cles, "Laboratory equipment, Air pollution, X ray analy-
£8-298 519/0 PC A02/MF A01
••actors Affecting Dry Deposition of SO2 on For-
•»t» and Grasslands. Journal article,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
£ H. Shreffler. 1 Dec 77, 9p EPA/600/ J-78/1 1 7
Hub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12 p1497-1 503.
Deposition velocities for SO2 over forests and grass-
™ids are derived through a mass conservation ap-
proach using established empirical relations descrip-
tive of the atmospheric transport of a gaseous con-
jarninant above and within a vegetational canopy. Of
Particular interest are situations where surface resist-
ance to uptake is relatively small and does not over-
welm atmospheric transport in the determination of
^position. To this end, emphasis is placed on cases
assuming the vegetation surface is a perfect sink or
"as resistance approximating minimum stomatal
resistance.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Forests,
Grasslands, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport proper-
oes, Vegetation, Deposition, Reprints.
PC A02/MF A01
* Theoretical Variation of the Wind Profile Power-
"•«» Exponent as a Function of Surface Rough-
"•«• and Stability. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
*>nn S. Irwln. 27 Jul 78, 6p EPA/600/J-79/01 8
H*. in Atmospheric Environment, v13 p191-194,
\L»h var'ation °f the wind profile power-law exponent
«™> respect to changes in surface roughness and at-
"»spherlc stability is depicted using the formulation of
""CKerson and Smiley for specifying the vertical vari-
n? .2s of the horizontal wind. The theoretical estimates
" me power-law exponent compare favorably with
Hower-law exponent data from various sources.
Keywords: 'Wind velocity, 'Terrain, Topographic fea-
'ures, Surface roughness, Stability, Reprints.
{$•298 521/6 PC A02/MF A01
h"rnatlc Data on Estimated Effective Chimney
grants In the United States. Journal article,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
georgeC. Holzworth. 1977, 1 0p EP A/600/ J-77/ 154
«"?• m Proceedings of Joint Conference on Applica-
rS*.0n Air Pollution Meteorology, Held at Salt Lake
«ty. UT on Nov 29-Dec 2, 1 977, p80-87.
Plume rise calculations are based on the equations of
Si;08 *1975) for u?° witn van'able vertical profiles of
I'jnperature and wind speed. Results are presented
™J small and large chimneys, based on five years of
iirlSe!?a''y rawinsondes throughout the contiguous
united States. In addition to effective chimney heights,
rr* are also generated on the frequencies of plume
™nter-imes below, within, or above an inversion, and
J28" they were reached by the afternoon mixing
flu? . The data show Quantitatively that initially the ef-
t from large chimneys tends to remain airborne
an from small chimneys.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Chimneys, 'Plumes,
Height, Temperature, Wind velocity, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB-298 522/4 PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Centripetal Heat-Island Circulations
from Tower Data In St. Louis. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Jack H. Shreffler. 5 May 78,16p EPA/600/J-78/124
Pub. in Jnl. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v15 p229-
242,1978.
Hourly averaged meteorological data gathered by a
25-tower network about St. Louis during 1976 are used
in a search for centripetal circulations generated by
the urban heat island. Considering data collected
when the network resultant speed was less than 1.5
m/s, two data classes of several hundred hours each
are formed. One class is associated with weak heat is-
lands, daytime hours, and conyective instability, while
the other class is associated with strong heat islands,
nighttime hours, and extreme rural stability. Mean cen-
tripetal flows are clearly discernable from data of both
classes, but the convergence is stronger for the flows
associated with the weaker heat islands. This unex-
pected result is explained in terms of the ease with
which sustained vertical motions can be generated
over the city by the available forcing under different
stability regimes. The detectability of the heat island in-
fluence diminishes very rapidly with increasing speed
of the large-scale flow.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Urban areas.
Wind velocity, Diurnal variations, Convection, Missouri,
Regional Air Monitoring System, Heat islands, Cen-
tripetal acceleration, Saint Louis(Missouri), Reprints.
PB-298 523/2 PC A02/MF A01
Hydrogen Peroxide Formation from the Photooxl-
datlon of Formaldehyde and Its Presence In Rain-
water. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. J. Bufalini, H. T. Lancaster, G. R. Namie, and B. W.
Gay, Jr. 1 Mar 79,9p EPA/600/J-79/021
Pub. in Jnl. Environ. Sci. Health, vA14 n2 p135-141.
1979.
The photooxidation of formaldehyde with sunlamps
(E(max) = 3100 A) produces hydrogen peroxide
(H202) at varying concentrations depending upon the
amount of water vapor present. It Is postulated that the
variable production of H2O2 Is a result of condensa-
tion on the reactor surface. Rainwater samples were
also analyzed for H2O2. Summer rain In the Research
Triangle area of North Carolina contained as much as
200 ppb (w/w) of H2O2. Contrastingly, rainwater col-
lected in December contained much less H202, usual-
ly 2-8 ppb. The lower concentrations found In the
colder conditions is attributed to a decrease in photo-
chemical activity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Rain,
Samples, Formaldehyde, Concentration(Composition),
Photochemistry, Oxidation, Atmospheric chemistry,
Reprints.
PB-298 524/0 PC A02/MF A01
Peroxychloroformyl Nitrate: Synthesis and Ther-
mal Stability. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John W. Spence, Edward O. Edney, and Philip L
Hanst. 30 Jan 78,9p EPA/600/J-78/122
Pub. in Chemical Physics Letters, v56 n3 p478-483,15
Jun78.
Peroxychloroformyl nitrate, CIC(O)OONO2, has been
Identified aa the principal product of the ultraviolet irra-
diation of CI2, NO2, and CO mixtures in air. Fourier
Transform IR spectrosooplc detection methods have
been used to Identify the newly detected compound
and to establish its decomposition kinetics. The com-
pound is at least as stable thermally as peroxy acetyl
nitrate. It seems possible that Peroxychloroformyl ni-
trate may have a role In stratospheric chemistry.
Keywords: 'Photochemistry, *Synthesi8(Chaml8try),
'Thermal stability, 'Air pollution, Infrared spectros-
copy, Decomposition, Reaction kinetics, Stratosphere,
Oxidation, 'Nitrate/peroxychloro-formyl, Fourier trans-
form spectroscopy, Atmospheric chemistry, Reprints.
PB-298 528/1 PC A13/MF A01
Qlass Manufacturing Plants, Background Informa-
tion: Proposed Standards of Performance.
Volume I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 79,280p* EPA/450/3-79/005A
A national emission standard for glass manufacturing
plants is being proposed under authority of Section
111 of the Clean Air Act. The purpose of the proposed
standard is to minimize glass manufacturing furnace
particulate emissions to the level attainable with best
available control technology. The standard will have
the effect of reducing uncontrolled emissions of partic-
ulate matter from these furnaces by about 90 percent.
Environmental impact and economic impact state-
ments quantifying the impacts of the proposed stand-
ard and alternative control options are included in the
document.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Glass industry, 'Furnaces, 'Particles, *Air pollution
control equipment, Manufacturing, Air pollution, Stand-
ards, Economic impact, Combustion products, Solid
waste disposal, Water pollution, Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Substitutes, Sources, Revisions, Environmen-
tal impacts, Regulations, Process charting,
Lead(Metal), Arsenic, Air filters, Scrubbers, Electro-
static precipitators, Sulfur oxides, Fluorides, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement, Fabric filters, Best technology, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB-298 53115 Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Textile Plant Wastewater Toxlclty. Journal article,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Gary D. Rawlings, and Max Samfield. c1979,5p EPA/
600/J-79/016
Pub. in Environ. Sci. and Tech., v13 n2 p160-164, Feb
79.
The paper gives results of a study to provide chemical
and toxicological baseline data on wastewater sam-
ples collected from 32 textile plants in the U.S. Raw
waste and secondary effluent wastewater samples
were analyzed for 129 consent decree priority pollut-
ants, effluent guidelines criteria pollutants, and nutri-
ents; Level 1 chemical analyses were also performed.
Secondary effluent samples from 23 plants investigat-
ed in the EPA/ATMI BATEA Study (American Textile
Manufacturers Institute/ best available technology
economically achievable-EPA grant no. R804329)
were submitted for seven bloassays: mutageniclty, cy-
totoxicity, clonal assay, freshwater ecology series
(Fathead minnows, Daphnla, and algae), marine ecol-
ogy series (sheepshead minnows, grass shrimp, and
algae), 14-day rat acute toxiclty, and soil microcosm.
Test results showed that 10 of the 23 textile plants had
secondary effluents sufficiently toxic to proceed to a
second phase study. In the second phase, samples
will be collected from the 10 plants to determine the
amount of toxlcity removed by selected tertiary treat-
ment technologies.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Toxicology, 'Waste
water, Bloassay, Waste disposal,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Data collection, water
pollution, Baseline data, 'Water pollution control.
PB-298 542/2 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Fine Particle Emissions Information System:
A New Public Data Bank. Journal article,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Gary L. Johnson, Maurice P. Schrag, and A. K. Rao. Jul
76,6p EPA/600/ J-76/091
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Assoc., v26 n7
0643-646 Jul 76.
The paper discusses the Fine Particle Emissions Infor-
mation System (FPEIS), a computerized follow-on of
the Fine Particle Emissions Inventory developed In
1971 as part of the Particulate Systems Study. A plan
to update the 1971 inventory was initiated In July 1 §74.
By early 1975, the planned update of the Fine Particle
Emissions Inventory was supplanted by the concept of
a computerized Information system on fine particle
emissions from stationary sources. The Fine Particle
Emissions Information System is designed to contain
source test data including particle size distributions;
December 1983 711
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemical, physical, and bioassay testing results per-
formed on paniculate samples; design and perform-
ance data on particle control systems applied; process
descriptions of the sources; and descriptions of the
sampling equipment and techniques employed.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Aerosols, 'Information sys-
tems, Particle size, Air pollution control, FPEIS system,
Data bases, Stationary sources, Air pollution monitors,
Reprints.
PB-298 543/0 PC A02/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheric Sulfates
and Related Species. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert K. Stevens, Thomas G. Dzubay, George
Russwurm, and Dwight Rickel. 5 Oct 77,16p EPA/
600/J-78/119
Pub. in Jnl. Atmospheric Environment, v12(1-3) p55-
68,1978. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ice, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Revision of
report dated 13 Jul 77.
Sampling and analytical methods to measure atmos-
pheric concentrations of sulfur, sulfates and related
species are compared for aerosols collected in New
York City, Philadelphia, PA., South Charleston, WV.,
St. Louis, MO., Glendora, CA., and Portland, OR. For
the aerosol sampling, dichotomous samplers that were
equipped with virtual impactors were used to separate-
ly collect fine (less than 3.5 micrometer) and coarse
(greater than 3.5 micrometer) particles on membrane
filters. Both size fractions were analyzed by energy dis-
persive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine
the total amounts of sulfur and other elements, and the
samples were analyzed by an Ion Chromatpgraph and
by the thortn titration method to determine sulfate.
These analyses reveal that more than 70% of the
sulfur occurs in the fine particle fraction for at least
90% of the samples. Sulfate typically accounts for
about 40% of the mass of the fine particle fraction, and
in some instances it accounts for more than 50%. For
the fine particle fraction, the ratio of the sulfate and the
sulfur mass concentrations is 3.04 + or - 0.15, which is
in excellent agreement with the value of 3.00 for sul-
fate. To test for the existence of sulfite ions in the sam-
ples, a cold extraction procedure was developed,
which minimizes the conversion of sulfite to sulfate.
Analysis for sulfite using the Ion Chromatograph indi-
cates that less than 2% of the sulfur collected in South
Charleston, WV. and Philadelphia, PA. is in the form of
sulfite.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Sulfates, 'Aerosols,
Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), X ray fluorescence, Volu-
metric analysis, Particles, Fines, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Reprints.
PB-298 544/8 PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Air Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide
In the California South Coast Air Basin. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bruce W. Gay, Karen R. Darnall, Arthur M, Winer,
James N. Pitts, Jr., and Gregory L. Kok. Sep 78,6p
EPA/600/J-78/123
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v12,
p1077-1080, Sep 78. Prepared in cooperation with
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center, and Harvey Mudd Coll., Claremont, CA.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations have been
measured at two locations (Claremont and Riverside)
In the California South Coast Air Basin during the
months of July and August 1977. Three different ana-
lytical methods were employed: a chemiluminescent
method and two colorimetric procedures. Typical mid-
afternoon concentrations of H2O2 during moderate
smog episodes (i.e., 03 150-200 ppb) ranged from ap-
proximately 10 to 30 ppb. These values are significant-
ly lower than those measured in a study in Riverside in
1970. In general, maximum H202 concentrations were
observed! at about the time of the ozone maximum, but
in the course of a day H2O2 levels did not occur in a
fixed ratio to 03 concentrations, and in a number of
cases the concentrations of H2O2 declined more
slowly than those of ozone following the maximum.
During this investigation signals corresponding to ele-
vated levels of H2O2 (i.e., approximately 100 ppb)
were observed by all three methods when grass or
forest fire plumes impacted on the measurement site.
Keywords: "Hydrogen peroxide, 'Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Co-
lorimetric analysis, Ozone, Chemiluminescence,
Smog, California, 'Air pollution detection, Reprints.
PB-298 545/5 PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Stability Class Determinations on a
481-Meter Tower In Oklahoma. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. 23 Jan 78,10p EPA/600/J-78/
118
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12, n10, p1958-
19641978.
The tall stack is often presented as a means for reduc-
ing ground-level concentrations of a pollutant. A recent
comprehensive review (Hales, 1976) of the literature
referenced many reports on ground level meas-
urements of pollutants emitted from tall stacks but
showed that very little information was available on the
meteorological conditions associated with the disper-
sion aloft. Statistics on these phenomena for levels
above 100m are presented and the probable meaning
of these results with regard to dispersion are dis-
cussed. Data from seven heights on a 481 -meter tower
in Oklahoma are analyzed to show the variation of sta-
bility with height and time. Wind direction fluctuations
at the various heights are analyzed to determine the
stability class associated with horizontal dispersion
and the temperature difference between pairs of
heights are analyzed to determine the class associat-
ed with vertical dispersion. The Oklahoma results are
compared to previously reported results obtained on a
367-meter tower in South Carolina. The results from
the two widely separated sites corroborate one an-
other. The two classifying techniques at both sites
show that there is a marked increase in stability a little
above 100 meters. This result indicates that dispersion
estimates for effluents from stacks taller than 100
meters could readily be in error when based on obser-
vations below 100 meters; the observations at the
lower heights would indicate more rapid dispersion
than would be indicated at effluent height.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chimneys, Stability,
Wind direction, Plumes, Dispersion, Temperature,
Concentration(Composition), Oklahoma, 'Atmospher-
ic dispersion, Reprints.
PB-298 546/3 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty and Bloaccumulatlon of Hexachlorocy-
clopentadlene, Hexachloronorbornadlene and
Heptachloronorbornene In Larval and Early Juve-
nile Fathead Minnows, 'Plmephales promelas'.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, G. D. Veith, D. L. DeFoe, and B. V.
Bergstedt. 1979,10p_ EPA/600/J-79/017
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 21, p576-583 1979.
The toxicity and bioaccumulation of hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene, hexachloronorbprnadiene and heptach-
ioronorbornene to fathead minnow larvae and early ju-
veniles was conducted for 30 days under flow through
conditions. The 96-hr LC50 and 30-day LC50 values
for these compounds, respectively were: 7.0 and 6.7
rhicrogram/l, 188 and 123 microgram/l, and 85.6 and
60.1 microgram/l. Residues of hexachlorocyclopenta-
diene in 30-day-old larvae were less than 0.1 micro-
gram/I resulting in a BCF of < 11. The concentration of
hexachloronorbornadiene and heptachlqronorbornene
accumulated by fathead minnows was directly propor-
tional to the mean exposure concentration up to an
effect concentration of approximately 40 microgram/l
and resulted in BCFs of 6,400 and 11,200 for each
compound, respectively.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Chlorine
organic compounds, Insecticides, Toxicity, Bioassay,
Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition), Larvae,
Residues, Exposure, Freshwater fishes, Survival,
Growth, Chlorine organic compounds, Bioaccumula-
tion, Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, 'Toxic
substances, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues,
*Cyclopentadiene/hexachloro, 'Norbornadiene/hex-
achloro, 'Norbornene/heptachloro.
PB-298 547/1 PC A02/MF A01
Pollutant Variability In the Regional Air Pollution
Study. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, and L. W. Chaney. Jul 78,6p EPA/
600/J-78/121
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association,
V28,n7, p693-696, Jul 78.
Pollutant variability in the area represented by a sta-
tionary point monitoring site causes an uncertainty in
representative sampling. This uncertainty has been
determined for selected sites in the Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study (RAPS) in St. Louis by using portable sam-
pling and monitoring equipment. RAPS ozone concen-
trations averaged over twenty minutes are linearly re-
lated to the values taken in the surrounding area witn
almost 1:1 correspondence at both urban and rural
sites. Carbon monoxide values are linearly related ai
the rural site but not at the urban site.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Ozone, Sites, Rural
areas, Urban areas, Concentration(Composition),
Monitoring, Sampling, Missouri, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Saint Louis(Missouri), Air quality, Regional Air
Pollution Study, Reprints.
PB-298 548/9 PC A02/MF A01
Plutonium Uptake by Plants from Soil Containing
Plutonlum-238 Dioxide Particles. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
K. W. Brown, and J. C. McFarlane. 20 Jan 78,8p EPA/
600/J-78/115
Pub. in Health Physics, v35, p481-485, Sep 78.
Three plant species-alfalfa, lettuce, and radishes--
were grown in soils contaminated with plutonium-238
dioxide (238PuO2) at concentrations of 23,69,92, ana
342 nanocuries per gram (nCi/g). The length of expo-
sure varied from 60 days for the lettuce and radishes
to 358 days for the alfalfa. The magnitude of plutortium
incorporation as indicated by the discrimination ratios
for these species, after being exposed to the relatively
insoluble PuO2, was similar to previously reported data
using different chemical forms of plutonium. Evidence
indicates that the predominant factor in plutomurn
uptake by plants may involve the chelation of plutoni-
um contained in the soils by the action of compounds
such as citric acid and/or other similar chelating
agents released from the plant roots.
Keywords: 'Plant growth, 'Plutonium 238, 'Soils,
Plants(Botany), Radioactive isotopes, Exposure, Tran-
suranium elements, Radioactive isotopes, Reprints,
Uptake, 'Bioaccumulation.
PB-298 549/7 PC A02/MF A01
Interpreting Urban Carbon Monoxide Concentra-
tions by a Computerized COHb Model. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Wayne R. Ott, and David T. Mage. Sep 78, 8p EPA/
600/J-78/116
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association,
V28, n9, p911-916, Sep 78.
A practical, inexpensive computer model for estimat-
ing the level of blood carboxyhemoglobin (percent
COHb) as a function of time for measured carbon mon-
oxide concentrations (ppm CO) was developed from
published studies on the assimilation of CO into the
blood of human subjects. The model was designed to
consider realistically the dynamic characteristics of
urban CO concentrations measured continuously at air
monitoring stations, and it was applied to a year's CO
data measured at the San Jose, CA. air monitoring sta-
tion (8760 hourly values). Accounting to the model, the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAOS) for
CO sometimes were violated in San Jose without ex-
ceeding 2% COHb, as well as the converse: 2% COHb
was exceeded without violating the standards. The
model's estimated COHb levels also provided an ad-
vance warning of impending violations of the 8-hr CO
NAAQS, and analysis of the model's response to CO
'spikes' suggests that averaging periods as short as 10
or 15 minutes are necessary to serve completely the
dynamic characteristics of ambient CO monitoring
data. These findings suggest that the margin of safety
included in the current CO NAAQS would not be the
712 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
*ame If the actual time variation of measured CO con-
centrations is taken into account.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, *Air pollution, Urban
•reas, Computerized simulation, Mathematical
Jjodels, Blood, Estimating,
poncentration(Cornpo3ition), Humans, Data process-
'"0. Standards, Time, California, Reprints, Carboxylhe-
nwglobin, Maximum permissible exposure, San
JosefCalifornia), Monitoring.
PB-298 571/1 PCA03/MFA01
garbon Monoxide Study, Boise, Idaho, November
« - December 22, 1977. Part 1. Executive Sum-
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Jj-B. Wilson, and J. W. Schweiss. Dec 78,38p EPA/
910/9-78/056A
"•a also Part 2, PB-298 572.
frequent violations of the national ambient air quality
Jjandard for carbon monoxide (CO) have occurred at
"le only continuous monitor in downtown Boise. How-
?ver, more information on the severity of the CO prob-
em and Its geographical extent was desired to assist
'n selection of candidate sites for additional routine
![|onitoring and to examine the representativeness of
ye existing site. The levels of CO encountered by pe-
pestnans in the city and indoor occupants were also of
merest. Therefore, a study was planned and conduct-
eo to address these needs. This report (Part 1) pre-
•ents the major results and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Sampling, Sites, Monl-
S.TO Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Air
Pollution, Idaho, *Air pollution sampling, *Air quality
"•«. *Boise(ldaho), Indoor air pollution.
J**98 572/9 PC A08/MF A01
~*">on Monoxide Study, Boise, Idaho, November
«S-December 22,1977. Part 2. Final rept.,
SJWronmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
£ £. Wilson, and J. W. Schweiss. Dec 78,159p EPA/
"10/9-78/055B
aee also Part 1, PB-298 571.
TO obtain additional information on the magnitude and
SPr™ extent of the carbon monoxide problem in
Srj88. a 20-day study was conducted involving 40 out-
S°or sites, six indoor sites, and two pedestrian routes.
J?ag samples were analyzed by an electrochemical oxi-
jgnon method. Results for one eight-hour period daily
wo consecutive four-hour samples) were compared
w the outdoor study sites and for the routinely operat-
2| Permanent monitor in the central business district.
'"is report (Part 2) documents the carbon monoxide
oata obtained during the Boise study and discusses
fwresults in detail. A summary report (Part 1) has also
°een prepared which briefly summarizes the results
"W conclusions of the investigation.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Sampling,
Vpncentration(Composition), Air pollution, Sites,
2*0, Qraphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Monitoring, *Air
Pollution sampling, *Alr quality data, 'Bolse(ldaho),
lnd°°r air pollution.
PB-298 579-SET PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,1773p-in 18v
Set includes PB-298 580 thru PB-298 597.
No abstract available.
PB-298 580/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Air Programs. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,39p* EPA/600/8-79/023A
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also Phase 1, PB-277 835, Phase 2, PB-291 174,
and PB-298 581.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The directory provides information on post-secondary
environmental education programs in the United
States. Structured around information requests mailed
to post-secondary education institutions, the directory
provides the name and address of each institution
listed a contact person at each institution, the aca-
demic program title, and the degree offered at the insti-
tution (2-year, 4-year, etc.). Phase III includes twelve
such directories of post-secondary programs: One
each for air, noise, pesticides & toxicology, potable
water, wastewater, radiation, solid waste, and energy;
one for combined water/wastewater programs; and a
composite volume on each of the three areas of envi-
ronmental engineering/technology, environmental sci-
ence/health, and environmental studies.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Specialized training, Air pollution,
Schools, Curricula, Continuing education, Post sec-
ondary education.
PB-298 581/0 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Noise Programs. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,29p* EPA/600/8-79/023B
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 580 and PB-298 582.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The volume includes all Identified post-secondary edu-
cation and/or training programs which have been se-
lected as pertinent to one media-specific arear noise.
For ease of handling, the programs are presented in
alphabetical order according to the name of the institu-
tion. The Appendix, however, presents a listing of the
institutions by state, with reference to page numbers.
Keywords: 'Education, '-Environments. 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Specialized training, Noise,
Schools, Curricula, Continuing education, Post sec-
ondary education.
• i_^ww *»»«/w PC A09
*fJJOS Manual Series. Volume V. AEROS Manual
•* Codes. Update Number 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
•Tark, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J"n 79,176p EPA/450/2-76/005-2, OAQPS-1.2-042-
See also Volume 5, Number 1, PB-262 343.
Contents:
general geographical codes;
NEDS specific codes;
SAROAD specific codes;
SOTDAT specific codes;
QAMIS specific codes;
SIP specific codes;
"ATREMS specific codes.
Dilution, 'Data storage, 'Manuals,
ata), 'Aerometric andemisslons re-
PB-298 582/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Pesticides and Toxicology Programs.
Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,94p* EPA/600/8-79/023C
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 581 and PB-298 583.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The topics of pest management and toxicology
demand exacting technical and scientific skins, exper-
tise, and experience. As the pressure grows to main-
tain high crop yields, while keeping the level of pollut-
ants and toxicants within the federal guidelines, the
need for appropriate academic, research, and voca-
tional education and training multiplies. In total, 135
pesticides or toxicology program entries are presented
in this volume. The programs represent certification
training through doctoral fevel offerings.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Pes-
ticides, Toxicology, Universities, Directories, Special-
ized training, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education,
Post secondary education.
PB-298 583/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Potable Water Programs. Final rept. on
Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,41 p* EPA/600/8-79/023D
GrantEPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 582 and PB-298 584.
Also available in set of 16 reports PC £99, PB-298
579-SET.
The report describes potable water education/training
programs which are currently being conducted In 19
states. In total, there are 41 program entries Included
in this volume. Criteria for selection was limited to the
inclusion of at least three potable water courses as re-
quirements for program completion. The programs
presented herein include areas of emphasis such as:
Hydrology, Aquatic Biology, Hydrogeology, Water
Works Technology, Marine Environmental
nvironmental Sciences,
and Coastal Oceanography.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Potable water, Specialized train-
ing, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education. Post
secondary education.
PB-298 584/4 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Wastewater Programs. Final rept. on
Phases.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,34p' EPA/600/8-79/023E
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 583 and PB-298 585.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The vojume_ describes ^Bjpost-secondary education/
area of wastewater pollution control and abatement.
The programs represent 16 states. Program areas of
concentration include: water resources; wastewater
pollution; plant operations and maintenance; environ-
mental health; wastewater treatment and disposal;
plant design; and, water chemistry.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Waste water. Specialized train-
ing, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education, Post
secondary education.
PB-298 585/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Radiation Programs. Final rept. on
Phase 3
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,40p* EPA/800/8-79/023F
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 584 and PB-298 588.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The report describes radiation education/training pro-
grams which are currently being conducted in 23
states and one territory. In total there are 38 program
entries Included In this volume. Although the report at-
tempts to concentrate mainly on radiation protection
programs, aspects of technologies, engineering, and
public health are included. The criteria for selection of
a program included at least three (preferably more) ra-
diation courses required for program completion.
Overall, the following types of programs were Included:
hearth physics; radiation health and safety; radiological
health; nuclear or radiological waste management;
and, radiological technician.
Keywords: 'Education,'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Radiation, Health physics, Ra-
dioactive wastes, Specialized training, Schools, Cur-
December 1983 713
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ricula, Continuing education, Post secondary educa-
tion.
PB-298 586/9 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Solid Waste Programs. Final rept. on
Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79, 24p* EPA/600/8-79/023G
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 585 and PB-298 587.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
currently being conducted in the United States. There
are individual course offerings available at approxi-
mately 74 Institutions. The criteria utilized for selection
of an institution's program in the area of solid waste
management were as follows: (a) a total program de-
fined In the catalogue as such; (b) a dominant se-
quence, consisting of two or more courses; and, (c) a
program which offered one to three courses as elec-
nves within the requirements. It became obvious that
the environmental area of solid waste management
did not lend Itself to the same degree of categorization
as other media areas. This may be attributed to the
fact that solid waste management has not received the
emphasis that, for example, air or water pollution con-
trol has received nationwide. In addition, there has
been a sharp decrease in education/training monies
allocated to this environmental area.
Keywords: "Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Solid waste disposal, Specialized
training, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education,
Post secondary education.
PB-298 587/7 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Energy Programs. Final rept. on Phase
3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,106p* EPA/600/8-79/023H
Grant EPA-f900591-03
See also PB-298 586 and PB-298 588.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The programs included in this volume are evidence
that people are doing more than just talking about our
energy future. In addition to well-established programs
In nuclear engineering, mining, petroleum and natural
gas technology and engineering, there are programs in
energy conversion, energy engineering and policy,
energy conversion and resources, energy resources
management, and several others which represent
recent innovative approaches to the broad spectrum
of energy problems.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Specialized training, Schools,
Engineering, Curricula, Continuing education, Post
secondary education.
PB-298 588/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment Water/Wastewater Programs. Final
rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,119p' EPA/600/8-79/0231
Grant EPA-f 900591-03
See also PB-298 587 and PB-298 589.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The volume of post-secondary education/training en-
tries presents those programs which are classified as
intersecting both environmental areas of potable water
and wastewater. Programs categorized as applicable
to either potable water or to waste-water, solely, will be
found in those individual volumes of this report. This
volume includes 183 water/wastewater programs
which represent 46 states and one territory. In order
for the program to have been included in this directory,
the catalogue description must have listed at least
three water and/or waste-water courses necessary for
program completion.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Uni-
versities, Directories, Waste water, Water, Specialized
training, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education,
Post secondary education.
PB-298 589/3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Composite: Environmental Engineer-
ing/Technology. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,116p* EPA/600/8-79/023J
Grant EPA-f 900591-03
See also PB-298 588 and PB-298 590.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
Beginning with Phase II of the National Environmental/
Energy Workforce Assessment project, which, ad-
dressed the capabilities of the educational community
to generate an environmental workforce, definitional
problems developed as to the placing of programs into
media specific areas. While a great number of the pro-
grams could be categorized according to the tradition-
al EPA media areas, other programs which were
broader in scope, were not so easily allocated to these
divisions. It became apparent that a broad-based cate-
gory would have to be developed In order to include
those programs which did not readily fit into any single
category. Either these programs could be allocated to
more than one media area. In order to include these
unique and/or broad-based programs, a non-media
specific category entitled COMPOSITE was created.
Under the Phase II of the project two composite cate-
gories were defined and subsequently three volumes
of educational/training program summaries were de-
veloped.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Engineering,
Universities, Directories, Specialized training, Schools,
Curricula, Continuing education, Post secondary edu-
cation.
PB-298 590/1 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Composite: Environmental Science/
Health. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,131p* EPA/600/8-79/023K
Grant EPA-f 900591-03
See also PB-298 589 and PB-298 591.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
This volume includes the environmental health and
science programs. In total, 205 programs representing
43 states, one territory and the District of Columbia are
presented in this volume of environmental science/
health programs. Areas of emphasis or program con-
centration included: marine and environmental sci-
ences; solar energy; potable water supply;
wastewater; land use; ecology; environmental biology;
industrial hygiene; toxicology; radiation health; envi-
ronmental management; environmental earth science;
environmental and regional planning; environmental
monitoring; and pollution prevention and control. It
should be noted that often more than one of these
concentrations or emphasis are applicable to one pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Health, Uni-
versities, Directories, Solar energy, Water, Land use,
Ecology, Environmental engineering, Specialized train-
ing, Schools, Curricula, Continuing education, Post
secondary education.
PB-298 591/9 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Composite: Environmental Studies.
Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,202p' EPA/600/8-79/023L
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 590 and PB-298 592.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
The volume encompasses the general programs. The
major areas include environmental studies, environ-
mental education, marine sciences and general envi-
ronmental programs. The third of these volumes in-
cludes 336 programs and is the largest of all of the vol-
umes.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Environments, Universities,
Directories, Specialized training, Schools, Curricula,
Continuing education, Post secondary education.
PB-298 592/7 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Environmental Employment In Pubic
Service Jobs Programs: An Analysis of CETA Tine
VI FY 78 Projects. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79, 258p* EPA/600/8-79/023M
Grant EPA-f 900591-03
See also PB-298 591 and PB-298 593. „„
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
579-SET.
This volume presents the findings of an analysis of
4,644 CETA title VI projects for which 'environment
had been indicated as an appropriate public service
area. Statistics regarding numbers employed in specif-
ic job categories, median salaries, variances In types
of pro|ect agencies, and breakout information by type
of project activity are included. The purpose of tne
analysis is to identify how CETA Title VI has been used
in the past in accomplishment of environmental ana
energy related tasks. From this analysis it is possible to
discern aspects of CETA which are conducive to im-
plementation of superior projects and aspects of the
law itself, or local practices which are not compatible
with specific environmental and energy workforce
needs and goals.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Specialized training, Environ-
ments, Employment, Salaries, Surveys, Unemploy-
ment, Unskilled workers, Comprehensive Employment
and Training Act of 1973.
PB-298 593/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, Do.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. Salaries and Attendant Problems 01
Public Sector Environmental Employment. Final
rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,87p* EPA/600/8-79/023N
Grant EPA-T900591-03
See also PB-298 592 and PB-298 591. OQ-
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-29B
579-SET.
The monograph deals with disparities between public
and private sector employment conditions and prac-
tices which affect the recruitment and retention of per-
sonnel. The emphasis is on state agencies because
the disparities are most evident at that level of public
sector employment. Salary levels are, by far, the most
tangible and effective differences; thus salary discrep-
ancies and the consequences, thereof, are discussed
in detail. Attendant issues which impact public sector
employment are considered. Among these are oppor-
tunity for advancement, availability of training, educa-
tional leave, the merit system, public image, profes-
sional relationships, and meaningfulness of work.
Keywords: 'Employment, "Government employees,
Recruiting, Personnel selection, State government,
Salaries, Fringe benefits.
PB-298 594/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Office of Research and Development.
National Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
sessment. The Role of CETA In Direct Training
and Employment. Final rept. on Phase 3.
National Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Aug 79,126p* EPA/600/8-79/0230
Grant EPA-f900591-03
See also PB-298 593 and PB-298 595.
714 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
^available in set of 18 reports PC E99, PB-298
[f js the basic intent of this monograph to explore the
roie of CETA in direct training and employment in the
f^y'ronment/energy fields. In addition, the impact of
jne 1978 Amendments will be examined with the
rarmer tenets of CETA. Included In this monograph are
u*,anlp es 0( GETA training and employment projects
wnicn have been conducted. Recommendations for
Mure applications of CETA are discussed in the
h's Commentary.
Keywords: 'Specialized training, 'Legislation, Employ-
ment, Environments, Energy, Disadvantaged groups.
PB-298 595/0 PC A04/MF A01
"yironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J£"ce of Research and Development.
jwlonal Environmental/Energy Workforce A»-
J«Min«nt. Private Sector Training Activities. Final
M?« on Pnase 3-
55™ knal Field Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
Sj79,75p' EPA/60078-79/023P
grant EPA-T900591 -03
J«6 also PB-298 594 and PB-298 596.
*«0 available in set of 1 8 reports PC E99, PB-298 579.
m2?r Phase '"• materials from Phases I and II were
in K27!d and synthesized. Issues which were revealed
mJ ,i v special importance to the future of the environ-
"wmal/energy workforce, in terms of availability and
arSS?' are being highlighted in a series of mono-
n£P 8- °' wnicn 'his is one. The monographs focus
ST salient aspects of the NE/EWA findings In great-
w l than possible in the formats of the previous
s: 'Specialized training, 'Industries, Environ-
,. Energy, Universities, Schools, Education, Post
««:ondary education, Comprehensive Employment
'"a I raining Act of 1 973, Curricula.
pS?98 598/8 PC A06/MF A01
Ore!ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J25* 0( Research and Development.
"wional Environmental/Energy Workforce Al-
an? J1*"1- Problem* In Environmental Education
Raw Tralninfl- Final rept. on Phase 3.
Atonal FieW Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
G«n,?U23J?* EPA/600/8-79/023Q
S"»mEPA-f900591-03
?™also PB-298 595 and PB-298 597.
nlso available in set of 1 8 reports PC E99, PB-298 579.
8onLm?n°9raPn Presents in an integrated fashion,
« ne representative problems and recommen-
orn tne environmental post-secondary edu-
sectors.
oS?*ords: "Education, 'Environments, 'Energy, Inte-
£? • Universities, Specialized training, Schools, Re-
Post seoondary education, Continuing
597/6 PC A07/MF A01
fjjwonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
ffi? 0< Re8earch and Development.
2?™°nal Environmental/Energy Workforce As-
rZj*ment. Workforce Planning Bibliography. Final
(JPJ- on Phase 3.
Ann1?]?1 Fie'd Research Center, Inc., Iowa City, IA.
79. 129P* EPA/600/8-79/023R
96.
.
available in set of 1 8 reports PC E99, PB-298 579.
material contained herein is an extensive listing of
significant literature in environmental workforce
The bibliography is comprised of two
sections, the first of which is an annotated
Ol those materials which are thought to be
Plann "^ most re|evant to environmental workforce
otho 8' ^e second section contains a listing o1
fn.™ materials also considered significant in work-
oroe development,
Dh^ofds: 'Education, 'Environments, 'Bibliogra-
traSf' Univer3ities, Manpower utilization, Specialized
'"9 ed9' Sonoo|s- Requirements, Labor force, Continu-
PB-298 603/2 PC A03/MF A01
A Summary of the Water Quality Data Record for
South Puget Sound 1934 to 1967. Working paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Annette M. Olson-Forster, and John R. Yearsley. Sep
75,38p EPA/910/8-75/094
The report examines the physical and chemical ocean-
ography data recorded for South Puget Sound. The
project on which it is based determines some statisti-
cal characteristics of the water quality data base by re-
ducing it to monthly and annual mean values of several
parameters at selected sampling stations over certain
sampling periods. These statistical analyses will be
used for water quality modeling of the South Puget
Sound eco-system, to determine future sampling
needs, and to define monitoring strategies for assess-
ing the impact of military, industrial, and metropolitan
growth upon that system.
Keywords: 'Oceanographic data, 'Water pollution,
'Puget Sound, Sampling, Physical properties, Statisti-
cal analysis, Concentration(Composition), Ecology,
Military facilities, Industries, Ecology, Assessments,
Urban areas, Washington(State), 'water quality data,
Ecosystems.
PB-298 608/1 PC A02/MF A01
The Supply of Professional Environmental Man-
power. Report to the Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J. Donald Cook. Aug 79,20p EPA/600/8-79/025
The report, which was directed by Congress, describes
EPA's strategy for ensuring that there is an adequate
supply of trained professionals to meet the environ-
mental workforce needs in the U.S. The report de-
scribes EPA's mission and gives a historical perspec-
tive of graduate training support provided by EPA and
its predecessor agencies. In describing EPA's prior-
ities among various types of workforce development
activities, the report cites conclusions reached in a
1977 study by the National Academy of Sciences on
pollution control manpower and discusses factors af-
fecting EPA support of academic training. One section
discusses issues concerning academic training in toxic
substances and related fields. EPA workforce activi-
ties proposed in the study include: assessing the envi-
ronmental job market and publishing 5-year forecasts
of the needs in the environmental field, examining the
use of State-EPA agreements to encourage profes-
sional workforce planning; determining shortages of
trained professionals in toxicology and related fields;
supporting university centers of excellence in the re-
search fields of epidemiology, ground water protec-
tion, and advanced waste treatment techniques; es-
tablishing area training centers at selected educational
institutions; testing combining selected research and
training activities at a single location; establishing pri-
orities among workforce development activities; and
encouraging State sufficiency in environmental pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Professional personnel, 'Environmental
engineering, Education, Manpower, Specialized train-
ing. Requirements, Job analysis, National government,
State government.
PB-298 612/3 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
A Workforce and Training Profile for Solid Waste
Management and Resource Recovery. Final rept.,
National Field Research Center, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jack F. Seum, Darold E. Albright, Robert D. Oxberger,
Gary S. Lance, and Linda Bardelmeier. 1979,164p
EPA/600/8-79/024
Grant EPA-T900-591 -03
This report, authorized as mandated in Section
7007(c) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976, is divided into the following topics: (1) a
workforce profile and analysis section studying the
workforce needs of public and private agencies in-
volved in solid waste management and recovery; (2) a
section analyzing what are' considered by sources in
the field to be the principal blockages to initial employ-
ment and career advancement in solid waste manage-
ment; and (3) an analysis of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's responsibilities for workforce de-
velopment and training activities. Information in the
report was obtained primarily from personnel, on-slte
interviews with officials directly involved in solid waste
management, including officials at Federal, State, and
local fevels; representatives from the private sector
and from professional associations; and academic offi-
cials connected with postsecondary educational pro-
grams in solid waste management.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Personnel man-
agement, 'Materials recovery, Employment, National
government, State government, Hazardous materials,
Manpower, Urban areas, Rural areas, Education, Re-
quirements, 'Solid waste management, Labor force.
PB-298 614/9 PC A07/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Office of
Biological Services.
Fish and Wildlife Protection In the Planning and
Construction of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline,
Alaska Univ., Anchorage. Inst. of Social and Economic
Research.
Thomas A. Morehouse, Robert A. Childers, and Linda
E. Leask. Oct 78, 134p FWS/OBS-78/70, , EPA/600/
7-78/127
Contract DI-1 4- 16-0009-77-022
The report deals primarily with federal government
planning for, and surveillance of, the pipeline project,
but also includes some discussion of State of Alaska
activities before and during construction. After looking
at how government standards and priorities for techni-
cal and environmental surveillance evolved before
construction, the study focuses on the Joint Fish and
Wildlife Advisory Team, an organization of state and
federal biologists that advised the separate state and
federal surveillance agencies on ways to best protect
fish and wildlife during pipeline construction.
Keywords: 'Animal ecology, 'Environmental impacts,
Wildlife, Fishes, Petroleum pipelines, Construction
management, Planning, Protection, Legislation, Regu-
lations, National government, Monitoring, Alaska,
'Trans Alaska pipeline.
PB-298 697/4 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program, Supplement Number 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
1978,31pEPA/MCD-02.8
See also Supplement no. 6 dated Jun 78, PB-290177.
This Handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directives after the Manual of References
(MCD-02) was published. This represents the eighth in
a series of Program Requirements Memoranda.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, Handbooks, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Poli-
cies, Regulations, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB-298 711/3 PC A18/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesti-
cides and Related Compounds In Human and En-
vironmental Samples. A Compendium of System-
atic Procedures Designed to Assist In the Preven-
tion and Control of Analytical Problems,
Lafayette Coll., Easton, PA. Dept. of Chemistry.
Joseph Sherma, and Morton Beroza. Jan 79,413p*
EPA/600/1-79/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2474
Revision of report dated Feb 76. PB-261 919. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Association of Official Ana-
lytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
This manual provides the pesticide chemist with a sys-
tematic protocol for the quality control of analytical
procedures and the problems that arise in the analysis
of human or environmental media. It also serves as a
guide to the latest and most reliable methodology
available for the analysis of pesticide residues in these
and other sample matrices. The sections dealing with
inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the evalua-
tion and standardization of materials used, and the op-
eration of the gas chromatograph are intended to high-
light and provide advice in dealing with many problems
which constantly plague the pesticide analytical chem-
ist. Many aspects of the problem areas involved in ex-
traction and isolation techniques for pesticides in var-
ious types of samples are discussed. Techniques for
confirming the presence or absence of pesticides in
sample materials are treated at some length. This
December 1983 715
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
highly Important area provides validation of data ob-
tained by the more routine analytical procedures. The
gas chromatograph, being the principal instrument cur-
rently used In pesticide analysis, often requires simple
servicing or troubleshooting. A section addressing
some of these problems is included. Last, but by no
means least In importance, is a short dissertation of
the value and need for systematic training programs
for pesticide chemists.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Quality
control, 'Manuals, Urine, Samples, Bioassay, Extrac-
tion, Standards, Residues, Animals, Blood chemical
analysis, Naphthols, Adsorbents, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Storage, Containers, Column packings, Herbi-
cides, Carbamates, Food analysis, Ttssues(Biology),
Humans, Water pollution, Air pollution, Gas analysis,
Water analysis, Sediments, Insecticides, Soil analysis,
Plants(Botany), Separation, Spectraphotometry, Mass
spectroscopy, Polarography, Calibrating, Metabolism,
Sampling, Procedures, Standard reference materials,
Thin layer chromatography, Phenol/nitro, Carbamic
acld/N-methyl, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Urea/ethyl-
ene-thio, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Quality assur-
ance, Visible spectrum, Fluorescence, Infrared spec-
troscopy.
PB-298 775/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Collaborative Testing of EOA Method 106 (Vinyl
Chloride) that WIN Provide tor a Standardized Sta-
tionary Source Emission Measurement Method.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
George W. Scheil, and Michael C. Sharp. Oct 78, 70p
EPA/600/4-78/058
Contract EPA-68-02-2737
Method 106 - Determination of Vinyl Chloride from Sta-
tionary Sources was evaluated in a two-part collabora-
tive test. Gaseous samples, prepared in cylinders and
containing interferences in some cases, were ana-
lyzed by a group of 10 collaborators. The results
showed that Chromosorb 102/SF-96 columns per-
formed better when acetaldehyde interference was
present, but Chromosorb 102 alone was better when
Isobutane interference was present. Collaborator
biases averaged 0.18 ppm (0.47 mg/cu m) low with a
standard deviation of 0.72 ppm (1.86 mg/cu m). Both
peak height and area measurements yielded similar re-
sults ana the bias found was due entirely to low results
from using Chromosorb 1 02 and not from the Chromo-
sorb 102/SF-96 column. A three collaborator field test
was conducted on the vent of a carbon bed absorber
at a vinyl chloride polymer facility. The group had a
standard deviation of 0.39 ppm (1.01 mg/cu m) and
0.24 ppm (0.62 mg/cu m) for Campling and analysis,
respectively. Analyst skill is a major factor in the use of
Method 106.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Gas analysis, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Field tests, Sampling, Adsorption,
Laboratory equipment, Tables(Data), *EPA method
106, 'Air pollution detection, 'Air pollution sampling,
Stationary sources, Procedures.
PB-298 822/8 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT (Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology) Guidelines
tor Paper Coating In the State of Massachusetts.
Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
May 79,108p EPA/901/9-79/003
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the study was to determine the
direct economic impact of implementing RACT guide-
lines for paper and fabric coating in the state of Massa-
chusetts. It is to be used primarily to assist EPA and
the state in the development of implementation plans
to achieve air quality goals. Total capital costs, annua-
lized cost and energy consumption for control meth-
ods to achieve RACT emissions guidelines statewide
for paper and fabric coating were estimated; In addi-
tion the direct impact of these upon the state's econo-
my was addressed. Discussed also were selected sec-
ondary impacts such as employment, market structure
and productivity, though these were given only a minor
emphasis.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Coatings, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Paper industry, 'Textile industry, 'Massachu-
setts, 'Guidelines, Regulations, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Energy consumption, Capitalized
costs, Hydrocarbons, Organic compounds, 'Reason-
ably available control technology, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Air quality, State implementation plans.
PB-298 841/8 PC A99/MF A01
Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington,
DC.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Alternatives for
Cadmium Electroplating In Metal Finishing Held at
National Bureau of Standards, Galthereburg,
Maryland on October 4-6,1977,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Elbert Dage, Edward Dyckman, William Isler, and
Fielding Ogburn. Mar 79,634p EPA/560/2-79/003
Sponsored in part by Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, Washington, DC., Department of Commerce,
Washington, DC., Department of Defense, Washing-
ton, DC., and Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Washington, DC.
The publication compiles the proceedings of the Work-
shop on Alternatives for Cadmium Electroplating in
Metal Finishing held October 4-6, 1977 which was
jointly sponsored by seven Federal agencies. The
workshop was prompted by the concerns of govern-
ment agencies for the potential environmental damage
resulting from current cadmium electroplating prac-
tices and the high rate of government use of electrode-
posited cadmium. The workshop examined techniques
and alternatives to minimize the environmental losses
of cadmium from electroplating by (a) applying cadmi-
um by mechanisms that reduce the loss of cadmium
during plating and (b) developing suitable and cost-ef-
fective alternative materials, methods, and coatings.
The workshop included presentations on the Federal
and industrial concerns for the commercial signifi-
cance, environmental effects, and health effects of
cadmium. Panel discussions reviewed the topics 'Are
specifications and standards barriers to change' and
'How essential is electrodeposited cadmium'.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Meetings, Electroplating,
Substitutes, Plating, Cadmium, Zinc, Tin, Aluminum,
Water pollution control, Waste treatment, Protective
coatings.
PB-29B 848/3 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Measurement Techniques for Fu-
gitive Emissions from Process and Effluent
Streams. Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 78,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
Henry J. Kolnsberg. May 79,49p EPA/600/7-79/116
Contract EPA-68-02-2113
The report summarizes work completed in this continu-
ing program of evaluation, development, testing, and
adaptation of existing and proposed measurement
techniques for air and waterborne industrial process
fugitive emissions. Results of five major research and
development tasks are presented: (1) a measurement
and modeling program for waterborne emissions from
coal-fired utility boilers; (2) a study of the applicability
of remote sensing methods to the measurement of air-
borne fugitive emissions; (3) a survey and measure-
ment program to assess the environmental problems
caused by runoff from integrated iron and steel mills;
(4) the design and development of a fugitive assess-
ment sampling train for paniculate and organic vapor
emissions; and (5) an evaluation of techniques for the
determination of large hood captive efficiencies. Sum-
maries of service area tasks related to fugitive emis-
sions measurements include: methodology develop-
ments for emissions measurement programs at coke
quenching towers, coal cleaning plants, iron ore load-
ing operations, and an open hearth shop's roof moni-
tors; and reviews of proposed sampling programs and
methods for fugitive emissions from mining operations,
petroleum refineries, and coal cleaning operations. Ab-
stracts of three papers on fugitive emissions topics
presented at EPA symposia are included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Particles, Optical
radar, Electric power plants, Boilers, Remote sensing,
Iron and steel industry, Sampling, Particles, Petroleum
products, Mines, Coal preparation, Coking, Perform-
ance evaluation, Laboratory equipment, Organic com-
pounds, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB-298 874/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. _ .
Assessment of Road Carpet for Control of Fugi-
tive Emissions from Unpaved Roads. Final rept.
Aug 78-Apr 79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. ,
T. R. Blackwood. May 79,42p* MRC-DA-896, EPA/
600/7-79/115
Contract EPA-68-02-3107
The report gives results of an assessment of the use of
carpeting to control fugitive emissions from unpaveo
roads. Historically, emissions from unpaved roaos
have been controlled by watering, oiling, or chemical
soil stabilization. An analysis of the forces which pro-
duce emissions shows that, if fine material can be re-
duced, fine particle emissions (<15 micrometers) win
also be reduced. A new concept for control has been
proposed: it uses a stable, rot-resistant, water-perme-
able fabric to separate road ballast from subsoil. Fine
material is not accumulated in the ballast due to gravi-
tational and hydraulic forces during normal rainta".
Preliminary studies indicate that fine material will paw
through the fabric without blinding, and that fines in me
subsoil do not pump into the ballast from the subson.
Economic evaluations show that roads constructea
with the fabric are cheaper for emissions control man
with conventional control methods. The effectiveness
of control cannot be directly calculated; however, re-
search is continuing. Construction and testing of a pro-
totype road in anticipated in 1979.
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Air pollution, 'Fabrics, Assess-
ments, Economic analysis, Sources, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Unpaved roads, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-298 875/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Accumulation of Atmospheric Sulfur by Plan"
and Sulfur-Supplying Capacity of Soils, .
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office 01
Natural Resources. ,.,
J. C. Noggle, and Herbert C. Jones. Apr 79, 49p TVA/
ONR-79/109, EPA/600/7-79/109
The Tennessee Valley Authority conducted studies to
measure the amount of sulfur (S) that is transferreo
from the atmosphere to agro-ecosystems and to deter-
mine the S-supplying capacity of soils in the Tennes-
see Valley. Three techniques were tested for determin-
ing the fractional contribution of the soil and the at-
mosphere to the total S content in field-grown plants.
Soybeans, cotton, and fescue were grown in equai
quantities of the same soil with a low sulfur content si
three field locations and in a greenhouse with char-
coal-filtered air. Technique III, which provided a direct
method for calculating the amount of plant S that was
derived from the soil at any location, proved to beisav;
isfactory for measuring the amount of atmospheric »
accumulated by plants. Cotton grown 4 and 3 km frorn
coal-fired power plants accumulated 125 and 2401 rna
S per 100 g, but fescue accumulated only 65 and so
mg S per 100 g at the same locations. Cotton gro*"n
near the power plants produced significantly more bio-
mass than that grown at a location remote to sources
of SO2. The S-supplying capacity of selected soils was
evaluated by measuring the rate of S accumulation W
fescue grown in a greenhouse with charcoal-filter60
air. The rate of S mineralization in soil collected from a
depth of 0 to 30 cm at five sites was about 1 mg Per
kilogram of soil during the 27 weeks of plant growth.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Accumulation, 'Sulfur,
Soils, Air pollution, Environments, Plant ecology, Pia"1
physiology, Measurements, Experimental data,
Concentration(Composition), Farm crops, Soybean
plants, Cotton plants, Grasses, Atmospheric condi-
tions, Ecosystems, Bioaccumulation, Fescue.
PC A04/MF A01
Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
PB-298 879/8
Environmental
Region I.
Inventory of Sources With Emissions Greater
Than 100 Tons/Year Subject to Organic MaterW
Regulations In Metropolitan Boston AQCR,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
John R. Busik, and Peter Hagerty. Jul 79,62p EPA/
901/1-79/008
716 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-01 -4146
IP response to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977,
ine Metropolitan Boston AQCR has been designated
•* a nonattainment area for ozone. As a result, the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality
engineering must submit a revision of their State Im-
plementation Plan (SIP) to the U.S. Environmental Pro-
jection Agency. The first step in preparing a SIP revi-
am 'S-to 'nventory the emission sources of the pollut-
»!?, Jch is Ol concern. This report presents a discus-
won pf the procedures followed by Engineering-Sci-
ence in the inventory of the Boston AQCR VOC point
n?"rces- Specifically, Chapter 2 outlines the method-
fogies utilized in identifying and surveying potential
aS, is' CnaPter 3 gives an analysis of how the emis-
sions levels were estimated. Chapter 4 shows a sum-
"*•> of the results from this study, and Chapter 5 pre-
sents an analysis of existing VOC regulations and their
applicability to this study.
Bywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, Oxidizers, Organic
S^Pounds, Nitrogen oxides, Sources,
^°ncentration(Composition), Guidelines, Technology,
"Basing, Coatings, Storage, Regulations, State
8£5!Prnem' TablesfData), Gasoline, Crude oils, Met-
BorT areas' Massachusetts, 'State implementa-
"B« pans' *Air quality control regions,
p, C'WMassachusetts), *Air pollution abatement,
rugrove emissions, Stationary sources.
PB-298 954-SET PC E09
"jvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2"fce of Federal Activities.
Progr Deve'°Pment Pressures and Federal
inarch Group, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
W?,369p-in3v
^includes PB-298 955 thru PB-298 957.
N° abstract available.
WJ-298 955/6 PC A05/MF A01
KJfironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
el™6. °* Federal Activities.
In Development Pressures and Federal
•• Part I: Case Study Analysis and Rec-
m«r,ruTatlona for the '2QV Wastewater Treat-
Ra«L w°rks Program. Final rept.,
CC^cri GrouP' Inc., Atlanta, GA.
g«n F. Dean. May 79,80p* EPA/130/1-79/001A
S°"tract EPA-68-01-3923
ASS,.80 fart 2, PB-298 956.
g|°. available in set of 3 reports PC E09, PB-298 954-
822
indMdual and combined effects of federal pro-
's on development in floodplains are Identified.
'" on those findings, wavs in which the '201'
,,lun *ater Treatment Works Program of the U.S. En-
"unmentai Protection Agency can reduce floodplain
task. ipmem Pressures are recommended. Major
'oKi reve'9P'ng those recommendations were as
laderai' ' Thirty-one case studies of the impact of
com,? Programs on floodplain development were
aion° ,ed in fhe Southeast, West, and Midwest re-
interviews with planning directors and other
leable persons at the focal government level
Ep. -5- the basic information; (2) Meetings with the
OerLe9ional Ott'ces in Atlanta, Kansas City and
rnenw? w«6re neld to review present methods for Imple-
treiwiv?9 flo°dplain policy related to '20V wastewater
tig|u!ment facilities; (3) Federal programs which poten-
to (lean affect floodplain development were reviewed
en«rr *"Vtne range of methods and approaches pres-
8ur2Lused to mitigate floodplain development pres-
and (4) Major decision points in the '201'
vater Treatment Works Program which can
tloodplain impacts were identified, based on a
ol program regulations and guidance materials.
ds: 'Flood plains, 'Federal assistance pro-
Urban development, 'Flood control, National
:nww"ent' Local government, Hazards, Protection,
i~.Lcinmental impacts, Sewers, Sewage treatment,
ilicies, Community development, Land
is, Standards, Criteria, Management,
-'ater Pollution Control Act Amendments of
i• Western Region(United States).
PB-298 956/4 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Floodplain Development Pressures and Federal
Programs. Part II: Methods Used by Federal Pro-
grams to Reduce Floodplain Development Pres-
sures. Final rept.,
Research Group, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Lillian F. Dean. May 78,129p* EPA/130/1-79/001B
Contract EPA-68-01-3923
See also Part 1, PB-298 955, and Part 2, PB-298 957.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E09, PB-298 954-
SET.
The report describes federal programs which can
affect the floodplain and floodplain impact mitigation
measures used in federal programs. In addition, major
decision points in the '201' Wastewater Treatment
Works Program which relate to the effect of the '201'
Program on floodplain development are assessed and
floodplain impact mitigation measures potentially ap-
plicable to the '201' Program are identified. The report
is organized in five chapters: Chapter l-An Introduc-
tion to the Report and A History of Federal Govern-
ment Efforts to Protect Floodplains; Chapter II-A De-
scription of Federal Programs Which Can Affect Flood-
plains; Chapter Ill-An Identification of Floodplain
Impact Mitigation Measures Used in Federal Pro-
grams; Chapter IV-An Assessment of Decision Points
in the '201' Wastewater Treatment Works Program
Related »' "icdplain Impacts; and Chapter v-An
Identificatio M Floodplain Impact Mitigation Meas-
ures From ( er Federal Programs Which are Applica-
ble to the 'XJ1' Wastewater Treatment Works Pro-
gram. This report constitutes Phase I of a two-phase
study for the Office of Federal Activities, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Flood plains, 'Federal assistance pro-
grams, 'Urban development, 'Flood control, National
government, Local government, Land development,
Community development, Environmental impacts,
Government policies, Land use, Sewage treatment,
Sewers, Regulations, Coastal zone management,
Water quality, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, Environmental Protection
Agency, Pollution control, Sewage treatment plants,
Wetlands, Southeast Region(United States), Midwest
Region(United States), Western Region(United
States).
PB-298 957/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Floodplain Development Pressures and Federal
Programs. Part III: Case Study Reports. Final rept,
Research Group, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Lillian F. Dean. Jun 78,160p* EPA/130/1 -79/001C
Contract EPA-68-01-3923
See also Part 2, PB-298 956.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E09, PB-298 954-
Thirty-one case studies of floodplain development
pressures and federal programs are documented in
this report. The cases document the sequence of fed-
eral programs and the relationship of the programs to
community development and floodplain development.
All localities selected for the case studies were recipi-
ents of grants through the '201' Wastewater Treat-
ment Works Program of The U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Case study reports are included in the
section which follows. The following Information about
each case study is present: Location of the communi-
ty; Population trends; Characteristics of the floodplain;
Federal programs in the community; and Effect of fed-
eral programs on floodplain development. The map
following each case study report illustrates the general
location of the 100-year floodplain. The locations of
major federal construction and development programs
are indicated.
Keywords: 'Flood plains, 'Federal assistance pro-
grams, 'Urban development, 'Flood control, National
government, Local government, Land development,
Community development, Environmental impacts,
Government policies, Land use. Sewage treatment,
Sewers, Regulations, Coastal zone management,
Water quality, Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, Environmental Protection
Agency, Pollution control, Sewage treatment plants,
Wetlands, Case studies, Midwest Region(United
States), Western Region(United States), Southeast
Region(United States).
PB-298 996/0 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Air Quality Data Handling System User's
Guide. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Operations Analysis Div.
Larry R. McMaster. May 79,892p EPA/450/4-79/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3011
See also report dated Nov 72, PB-220 985.
When dealing with atmospheric pollution, it is neces-
sary to amass, catalog, sort, evaluate and perform cal-
culations upon large volumes of data. The Air Quality
Data Handling System (AQDHS-II) provides air pollu-
tion control agencies with the capability to create and
maintain their own air quality data bases and to re-
trieve data and generate reports from those data
bases. This report contains step by step procedures
for the operation of each program in the system. Each
program has sections containing a description, file for-
mats, options, error messages, catalogued JCL (IBM),
warnings and special instructions, cost considerations,
and related programs and procedures. The report is
structured along system functional lines; i.e., file cre-
ation and maintenance, data accessing and manipula-
tion, and reports. There is also a section dealing with
inter-functional procedures and one which deals with
JCL and general topics. The AQDHS-II is compatible
with SAROAD and will automatically handle EPA re-
porting requirements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Data processing, Manuals,
Cobol, Fortran, Computer programs, 'Data base man-
agement systems, 'AQDHS-2 system, Job control lan-
guages.
PB-299 028/1 CP T06
The Computation and Graphical Display ol the
Water Quality Index from the STORET Data Base
Using the Integrated Plotting Package 2nd Edi-
tion. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Data
Systems Branch.
George Nossa, and Laura Livington. Jun 78, mag tape
EPA/DF-79/007
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB-299 029.
The NSF-Water Quality Index Is a numerical expres-
sion which reflects the composite influence of nine
physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters to
water quality. It was developed and has been widely
field tested by the National Sanitation Foundation as a
means for reporting the current status and trends of
water quality. This system comprises three computer
programs developed to present this index in report
and/or in graphical form using the STORET Database
as input and also the graphics capability of the Inte-
grated Plotting Package...Software Description: The
program is written in the Fortran programming lan-
guage for implementation on a IBM 360/370 computer
using the DOS/OS operating system. 150K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Water quality, Water
pollution, Bacteria, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Phos-
phorus Inorganic compounds, Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Biochemical oxygen demand, Temperature,
pH, Feces, Solids, Turbidity, Computer graphics, For-
tran, Magnetic tapes, IBM-360 computers, IBM-370
computers, STORET data base.
PB-299 029/9 PC A06/MF A01
The Computation and Graphical Display of the
NSF Water Quality Index from the STORET Data
Base Using the Integrated Plotting Package. Pro-
gram Documentation and Users Guide, 2nd Edi-
tion. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Data
Systems Branch.
George A. Nossa, and Timothy K. McDermott. Jun 78,
123p EPA/902/2-79/003, EPA/DF-79/007A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB-299 028. See
also report dated Oct 76, PB-264 760.
The NSF-Water Quality Index is a numerical expres-
sion which reflects the composite influence of nine
physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters to
December 1983 717
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water quality. It was developed and has been widely
field tested by the National Sanitation Foundation as a
means for reporting the current status and trends of
water quality. This Report documents the logic and op-
eration of three computer programs developed to
present this index in report and/or graphical form
using the STORE! Database as input and the graphics
capability of the Integrated Plotting Package. Data
from the Raritan Basin is presented as a test applica-
tion.
Keywords: 'Water quality, Water pollution, Bacteria,
Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Phosphorus inorganic com-
pounds, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Temperature, pH, Feces, Solids, Tur-
bidity, Computer graphics, Computer programming,
Fortran, IBM-360 computers, IBM-370 computers,
STORET data base.
PB-299 038/0 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Controlling Partlculate Emissions from Coal-Fired
Boilers,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
Jon Emerson. Jun 79,17p EPA/600/8-79/016
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report gives a semi-technical overview of the con-
tribution of paniculate matter to the overall U.S. air pol-
lution problem. It also discusses contributions of the
Particulate Technology Branch of EPA's Industrial En-
vironmental Research Laboratory at Research Trian-
gle Park, NC., aimed at solving the particulate pollutant
control problem. Singling out tine particulates as a pol-
lutant of major significance because of involved health
hazards, the report discusses fundamental research in
physical and chemical mechanisms particle formation
and collection, as well as testing and demonstration
projects that have been completed, are underway, or
are planned. Among conventional control system com-
ponents discussed are baghouses, wet scrubbers, and
electrostatic precipitators.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, * Particles,
•Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators, Economic anal-
ysis, Baghouses, Wet methods.
PB-299 070/3 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Watershed Erosion and Sediment Transport
Modal. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 77,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
K. M. Leytham, and R. C. Johanson. Mar 79,375p
EPA/600/3-79/028
Grant EPA-R-803726-01-0
This report describes the development and initial test-
ing of the Watershed Erosion and Sediment Transport
(WEST) Model. It is a deterministic conceptual model
which operates In two phases. In the first one, hydrolo-
gical and erosion processes associated with the land
surfaces of a watershed are simulated, using the Agri-
cultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model. The re-
search work in this project centered on the second
phase, in which the movement of water and sediment
through a channel system is simulated using the
CHANL Model. In the CHANL model the channels of a
watershed are represented by a network of reaches.
Hydraulic routing is performed using the kinematic
wave approximation. The results are fed to the sedi-
ment algorithms which explicitly represent the proc-
esses of deposition, scour, armoring, and advection.
The model is designed to handle any mixture of cohe-
sive and cohesiomess sediment. The model has been
tested on laboratory data and on data from the East
Fork River, Wyoming. Results from these tests were
satisfactory. The model was also tested on data re-
corded on Four Mile Creek, Iowa. In this test, inad-
equate data made it impossible to draw any definite
conclusions regarding model performance.
Keywords: 'Erosion, 'Sediment transport, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Watersheds, Hydrology, Hydrolqgic cycle,
Algorithms, Computer programs, Fortran, Four Mile
Creek, East Fork River, Wyoming, Iowa, 'WEST com-
puter program, HP-3000 computers, ARM model,
CHANL model.
PB-299 097/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field and Laboratory Studies for the Development
of Effluent Standards for the Steam Electric
Power Industry. Final rept. Jul 77-Apr 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Frank G. Mesich, and Milton L Owen. Nov 78,191p
EPA/600/7-78/209
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of an evaluation of carbon ab-
sorption, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, and
vapor compression distillation (VCD) as removal tech-
nologies for priority pollutants from wastewater
streams of utility power plants. All but VCD were
bench-scale tested for the removal of low concentra-
tion (1-50 ppb) pollutants from cooling tower blow-
down and ash pond effluents at three coal-fired plants.
The removal of organic pollutants (by activated carbon
and reverse osmosis) and inorganic pollutants (by
chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis) were
evaluated at these plants. An operational VCD unit
handling a combined waste stream was tested for the
removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants at a
fourth coal-fired plant. Samples of plant make-up
water, cooling tower blowdown, ash pond effluent, and
effluent waters from the treatment technologies were
analyzed for priority organic and inorganic pollutants.
Only eight pollutants were measured in concentrations
greater than 10 ppb; none of these were common to all
the plants studied. Carbon absorption and reverse os-
mosis removed priority pollutants, but low concentra-
tions prevented definitive conclusions on their removal
effectiveness. Chemical precipitation, reverse osmo-
sis, and VCD effectively reduced low concentration in-
organic compounds, including arsenic, copper, and
lead, all of which were present in significant concentra-
tions in at least one wastewater stream.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Field tests, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Carbon, Chemical
analysis, Water analysis, Performance evaluation,
Samples, Osmosis, Activated carbon, Absorption,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Distillation, Technology, Re-
verse osmosis.
PB-299 100/8 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Management of Coal Preparation Fine Wastes
Without Disposal Ponds. Final rept. Jul 77-Jun 78,
Dravco Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
D. C. Hoffman, R. W. Briggs, and S. R. Michalski. Jan
79,63p EPA/600/7-79/007,, FE-11270-1
In the beneficlation of coal, the common medium for
upgrading the mined coal Is water. The end products of
coal beneficiation are generally three materials; (1) the
clean coal, (2) coarsely sized waste product, and (3) a
finely sized waste product. As the need for cleaner
coal increases, the amount of waste products generat-
ed also increases and the importance of safe, environ-
mentally acceptable disposal of these wastes be-
comes more important. Generally, the coarse refuse
(plus 28 mesh) can be disposed of safely because it is
a solid with inherent engineering properties that can be
utilized in engineered structures. However, the fine
refuse (minus 28 mesh) generally exists as a water-
based slurry devoid of significant engineering proper-
ties that can be employed in engineering disposal
methods. The objective of this study is to ascertain
some physical/chemical properties of a diverse sam-
pling of fine coal refuse and to investigate the effect of
chemical stabilization. This study indicated that chemi-
cal stabilization can be employed to drastically im-
prove some physical/chemical properties of the fine
refuse for better handling and disposal. The propri-
etary chemical, Calciloxfjrademark) additive, is the
most effective over the range of samples tested. Port-
land Type I cement is also effective but greatly influ-
enced by waste solids concentration. The final chemi-
cal tested, lime, is inferior to the other two chemicals
and generally ineffective in improving the fine waste's
physical/chemical properties.
Keywords: 'Beneficiation, 'Coal preparation, 'Fines,
'Solid waste disposal, Residues, Particles, Desulfuri-
zation, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Sam-
ples, Stability, Air pollution, Portland cements, Calcium
oxides, Additives, Tables(Data), Air pollution abate-
ment, Calcilex.
PB-299 101/6 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Computerized FGD Byproduct Production and
Marketing System: Users Manual. Final rept. Jan
78-Jan79, .
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
W. L. Anders. May 79, 1 84p ECDP/B-2, EPA/600/7-
79/114
The users manual describes a computerized system-
consisting of a number of integrated programs,
models, and data bases-thai has been developed to
compare the costs of power plant strategies designs^
to meet clean air regulations. It describes the data
bases, programs, and procedures and requirements
that are necessary for data base access and program
execution. The power plant data base contains actual
and projected information for all U.S. fossil-fuel power
plants. A scrubbing cost model allows cost compari-
sons between any two of five compliance strategies.
limestone scrubbing with sludge waste disposal, lime"
stone scrubbing with gypsum production, sodium sui-
file scrubbing with sulfur production, magnesia scruD'
bing with sulfuric acid production, and the use of clean
fuel with no scrubbing. For salable flue gas desulfunza-
tion (FGD) byproducts, cost comparisons include po-
tential marketing revenues. The sulfur and sulfuric acio
data base includes actual and projected information
for all U.S. sulfur-burning acid plants. The transporta-
tion data base contains legal rail mileages between an
rail rate basing points in the 37 Eastern States (Dockei
28300) and also contains location-related data tor
every named U.S. location. Each data base and pro-
gram can generally be used independently of the other
parts of the system.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Electric
power plants, 'Air pollution control, Mathematical
models, Computerized simulation, Scrubbers, By pro?'
ucts, Marketing, Cost analysis, Flue gases, Sulfuric
acid, Limestone, Sulfur, Comparison, Regulations,
Sulfur, Gypsum, Computer programs, Linear program-
ming, 'Fossil-fuel power plants, Clean fuels.
PB-299 107/3 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. .,
Treatment of Lake Charles East, Indiana Sedi-
ments with Fly Ash. Final rept. May 74-Dec 77,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Thomas L. Theis, Richard W. Greene, Terry W. Sturm,
David F. Spencer, and Peter J. McCabe. Jun 79, 120P
EPA/600/3-79/060
Grant EPA-R-801 245
This report contains information relating to the
of effectiveness of the treatment of eutrophic IS[™
sediments with a specific power plant fly ash. i""'
treatment was preceded by the diversion of the m*>°"L
nutrient sources outside of the drainage basin. Data on
both chemical and biological changes are docurnem-
ed. The study area was Lake Charles East, an 8.7 n»
lake in northeastern Indiana. Treatment of appro"";
mately one-third of the sediments with fly ash and lim°
took place during the summer of 1975. Follow-up stuo-
ies indicated reduced release of phosphorus dunna
peak summer release periods for treated sediment
Mass balance modeling indicated a net reduction »
long term phosphorus levels of 20% over levels wrajj
out sediment treatment. If all sediments had been
treated, the steady state phosphorus levels were pre-
dicted to decline by 61 % over non-treatment lev*":
The phytoplankton community composition change"
from one dominated by blue green species virtually
year round to one in which the more classical succ es"
sional pattern of diatoms-greens-blue greens too*
place. Cryptophytes became much more important »
the post-treatment period. Zooplankton communi«J>B
showed only short term effects from the treatment
Benthic organisms, dominated by midge larvae, were
not affected. Total heavy metal concentrations '"
creased slightly in the treated sediments, however
soluble levels in both the water column and the sew
ment interstices were not elevated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Fly ash, *Se*
ments, 'Lake Charles East, Nutrients, Oxidation re-
duction reactions, Phosphorus, Limnology, Sites, Jjjj
croorganisms, Algae, Aquatic biolS2j
Concentration(Composition), Indiana, Eutrophlcatw"1
Steuben County(lndiana).
PB-299 108/1 PC A06/MF
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
718 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effects of Chlorinated Seawater on Decapod
Crustaceans and 'Mullnla' Larvae. Final rept. 14
Sep. 75-31 Mar 78,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Moms H. Roberts, Jr., Chae E. Laird, and Jerome E.
"lowsky. Mar 79, 125p EPA/600/3-79/031
Grant EPA-R-803872
and larvae of decapod crustaceans and embryos
01 Mulinia lateralis were exposed to chlorinated
seawater for varying periods in continuous flow sys-
tems. Mortality, developmental rate, and general be-
navior were recorded. Panopeus herbstii zoeae were
more sensitive to chlorine-induced oxidants (CIO) than
899S or adults (96-hr LC50 ca. 2.8 microeq./l - 0.1 mo./
«kl 96"nr l-<-'50 'or Pagurus longicarpus zoeae was
approximately the same as for Panopeus zoeae. The
»inc <-'50 'or Pagurus zoeae was 1.4 microeq,/l
(".05 mg/l). Development was slightly delayed for Pa-
rnnuos zoeae at P'° levels as low as °-6 microeq./!
ju.02 mg/l). Mulinia embryos exposed to chlorinated
seawater tor 2-hr had an LC50 of about 2.0 microeq./l
i»i w m9"); subsequent survival rates for larvae in
unchlorinated seawater were unaffected by prior expo-
in , r« °r Dynamometer Variability on the Conflr-
p!r"on o' Requests for Alternate Dynamometer
crT"1 Absorption. Technical rept.,
cn< Wonmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Si? ndards Dev
D, Thom. ,
t on Technical Support for Regulatory Action.
Rj--—""o Development and Support Branch.
gienn D. Thompson. Mar 78,45p LDTP-78-05
nBPOrt on Technical Suooort for Ranulatarv Ai
The
report discusses the variations which have been
Ok • -f>"' uisuuases me vanauons wnicn nave oeen
mete 1? amon9. ,the EPA light-duty vehicle dynamo-
DI»I? <*ur'n8 vehicle-dynamometer coast-downs. The
Bnr£)8e.of tnis investigation is to recommend a toler-
W ,yalue 'or the allowable variation between the
fa«r coastdown time interval, supplied by the manu-
vehn r and tne time interval obtained from the EPA
isT«"r^'dynamometer confirmatory test. This tolerance
ayr"ri.8asure of the acceptable error between the road
turefl61ce of the vehicle as reported by the manufac-
tha en. 'he simulation by the dynamometer during
the r t88ts-A.8 such the tolerance is a direct limit on
anrtSS load simulation error which EPA will accept
na m consider the test results valid.
: 'Automobiles, Dynamometers, Tests, Man-
' Tolerances(Mechanics), Exhaust emls-
consumption, Fuel economy, 'Coast down
24/8 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
lo?*\?illcatlon °f Coal Surface Mine Soil Material
£ »«getatlon Management and Soil Water Qual-
E ^>am? Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn.
79 %,yl|'/r- Paul A- Wood, and B. F. Hajek, Jr. May
p^P EPA/600/7-79/1 23
tore w h" 000Peration with Department of Agricul-
onart'2bama minesoil classification system was devel-
Oniur ased on soil texture, soil color value and soil pH.
Howo. different soil classes were found in this study.
*lu2n« the classification scheme allows for the in-
textiS °' a"y minesoil that occurs on the basis of its
recom color value and pH. Limestone and fertilizer
tali ~i J"endations are given for soils of the five mine-
masses. Research evidence showed that the lime-
stone recommendations will maintain a pH favorable
to plant growth and surface soil water quality for a
period of at least one year. The scope of this project
did not allow determination of water quality where the
water had leached downward through the minesoil.
The recommended fertilizer rates should supersede
those of a soil testing laboratory if the laboratory rec-
ommends lesser amounts of fertilizer. Also, the recom-
mended rates can be used if soil test recommenda-
tions are unavailable.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Surface mining, 'Soil classi-
fication, Land reclamation, Soil texture, Soil chemistry,
pH, Soil tests, Vegetation, Alabama, Soil fertility, 'Mine
wastes, Coal mine spoil.
Symposium Proceedings: Textile Industry Tech-
nology Held at Wllllamsbu •" ~ ' ~
8,1976,
PB-299 132/1 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
- weening ,
burg, VA. on December 5-
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Frank A. Avers. May 79,367p* EPA/600/2-79/104
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The proceedings document most of the approximately
40 presentations at the symposium. The symposium
provided an exchange of ideas between industry, gov-
ernment, and academic representatives in three relat-
ed areas: emissions control, energy conservation, and
material recovery. There was also a session on as-
sessment methodology. This was the first symposium
on textile industry technology sponsored solely by the
U.S. EPA. It represents EPA's most extensive technol-
ogy transfer activity dedicated to support the attain-
ment of pollution control and energy and material con-
servation.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Environmental surveys,
'Meetings, Technology, Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Regulations, Air pollution control, As-
sessments, Toxicity, Waste recycling.
PB-299 139/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Conforms In Drinking Water Emanating from Red-
wood Reservoirs. Final rept. Jul 76-Jul 78,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallls. Dept. of Microbiology.
Ramon J. Seidler. Jul 79,87p EPA/600/2-79/049
Grant EPA-R-804456
Conforms of the genus Klebsiella were found in many
finished drinking water supplies which used reservoirs
constructed from redwood. Coliform contamination
was associated with slime which accumulated on
some stave surfaces below the water line on the tank
interior. Based on the results of field surveys, design
modifications were made on an experimental 1,000
gallon reservoir in order to control collform contamina-
tion. Coliforms were not found when free chlorine re-
siduals of 0.3 to 0.4 ppm were maintained in the tank
water. Poor water mixing and retention times of 7 days
or longer made it difficult to maintain a free residual
due to the chlorine demand of the wooden reservoir.
Minimum retention times (less than 7 days) and ade-
quate water mixing (no common inlet/outlet) can be
achieved by proper choice of reservoir size and regula-
tion of float levels. In the absence of free chlorine re-
siduals, Klebsiella are able to multiply on water soluble
nutrients leached from the redwood. Cyclltols, com-
prising 4.5% redwood dry weight, are the nutrients
which uniquely support the growth of Klebsiella and
Enterobacter in the redwood environment. Information
in this report will be of interest to technically oriented
personnel in water supply and treatment and environ-
mental microbiologists.
Keywords: 'Collform bacteria, 'Reservoirs, 'Bacteria,
Potable water, Klebsiella, Water treatment, Chlorina-
tion, Contamination, Microorganisms, Storage, Red-
wood, Wood, Concentration(Compositlon), 'Drinking
water.
PB-299 147/9 PC AOS/MF A01
Alaska Village Demonstration Projects. Report to
the Congress.
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., College, AK.
Arctic Environmental Research Station.
1 Jul 73,78p EPA/600/3-79/098
The Alaska Village Demonstration Projects (AVDP)
were authorized by Section 113, P.L. 92-500 (86 STAT
816), lor the purpose of demonstrating methods to im-
prove sanitary conditions in native villages of Alaska.
Central community facilities have been constructed in
the native villages of Emmonak and Wainwright to pro-
vide a safe water supply; toilets, bathing, and laundry
facilities; and sewage and solid waste disposal. Al-
though there has not been enough time to allow full
operation and evaluation of these facilities, it is appar-
ent that the technology is available to provide these
basic utility services to the demonstration villages. A
major issue still to be addressed is the lack of clear re-
sponsibility for the operation and maintenance of the
facilities after the Environmental Protection Agency
demonstration program is completed. Adequate local
resources to operate the installations are lacking. Con-
tinued experience with the AVDP Is needed to com-
plete evaluation and develop recommendations in re-
lation to the establishment of a statewide program.
Keywords: Utilities, Water supply, Sewage disposal,
Waste disposal, Operations, Maintenance, Planning,
Recommendations, Alaska, 'Demonstration projects,
'Villages, Emmonak(Alaska), Walnwright(Alaska),
'Community facilities, Solid waste disposal, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB-299 150/3 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Method for Determining Potential Odor Contribu-
tion of Selected Kraft Process Streams. Final rept.
20 Jul 76-19 Jun 78,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement Inc., New York.
Michael E. Franklin, and Andre Caron. Jun 79,104p
EPA/600/2-79/117
Grant EPA-R-804646-01
The objective of this project was to define the potential
odor contribution of selected process streams in the
kraft industry that are routinely sewered. A procedure
was suggested that can be used for this purpose. Use
of a dynamic olfactometer and odor panels to measure
odor thresholds determined by complete volatilization
of the sample or stripping of the sample were unsuc-
cessful. No correlation between odor threshold and re-
duced sulfur concentration in the gas stream as meas-
ured by gas chromatographlc techniques could be ob-
tained. Odor panels were employed using the head
space analysis and the forced-choice triangle tech-
nique. It was shown that identifiable odor threshold
values were more reproducible and judged more
meaningful than simple odor threshold values. It was
shown that Independent of mixing techniques, odor In-
tensities of kraft mill process streams were additive.
This was demonstrated for an acid sewer containing
first chlorinatlon stage effluent, digester condensates,
and multiple-effect evaporator condensates; and for a
total mill effluent with multiple-effect evaporator con-
densates, decker water, and odor-free dilution water
used as make-up.
Keywords: 'Odor control, 'Sulfate pulping, 'Waterpol-
lution control, Concentration(Composltlon), Gas cnro-
matography, Regulations, Sampling, Sewers, Water
analysis, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Laboratory equipment, Stripping(Dlstillation), Point
sources, 'Water pollution detection.
PB-299 152/9 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Antimony Removal Technology for Mining Indus-
try Wastewaters. Final rept. 15 Mar-15 Jul 78,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
C. Leon Park, Efim Livshits, and Kathleen McKeon.
May 79,73p EPA/600/7-79/129
Contract EPA-68-03-2566
This report assessed the current state-of-the-art of an-
timony removal technology for mining industry
wastewaters. Through literature review and personal
interviews, It was found that most mines and mills re-
porting significant quantities of antimony in their raw
wastewater had approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l antimo-
ny remaining after tailings pond settling. This reduction
in antimony content without any chemical treatment in-
dicates that for most mines and mills the antimony-
containing wastewater components are in the form of
suspended solids and may be easily removed. Sulfide
precipitation technology cannot remove soluble anti-
December 1983 719
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mony to levels below 2.0 to 3.0 mg/l and lime precipi-
tation cannot lower levels below 1.0 mg/l. A minimum
desired level of 0.5 mg/l of antimony was selected for
this technology assessment based on the effluent limi-
tation recommended by the EPA BPCTCA in antimony
mines. There is currently no demonstrated technology
for achieving this minimum desired antimony level. Ion
exchange and insoluble starch xanthate appear to be
promising technologies for antimony removal; carbon
adsorption, sodium borohydride reduction, and peat
moss adsorption do not appear feasible.
Keywords: *Water pollution control, 'Antimony,
•Mining, 'Beneficiation, Assessments, Technology,
Ion exchanging, Adsorption, Xanthates,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Calcium oxides, Activated
carbon, Cost analysis, Sodium borohydrides, Feasibil-
ity, State of the art, Peat moss.
PB-299 162/8 PC A03/MF A01
Viruses In Waste, Renovated, and Other Waters.
1977 Literature Abstracts,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, and F. Dianne White. Sep 73,33p* EPA/
600/9-78/025
See also 1976 Literature Abstracts, dated Aug 77, PB-
277170.
The bibliography contains abstracts of published
papers for 1977 on viruses in waste water systems,
water, and sewage. The abstracts cover the detection,
concentration, and removal of viruses from various
water sources.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Bibliographies, Microorganisms,
Waste water, Sewage, Effluents, Water pollution, Viral
diseases, Waste treatment, Water quality, Potable
water, Microbiology, Abstracts, 'Water pollution con-
trol.
PB-299 166/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Camp Branch and Cross Creak Experimental Wa-
tershed Projects: Objectives, Facilities, and Eco-
logical Characteristics. Milestone rept. 1978,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
J. M. Kelly. Mar 79,153p TVA/ONR-79/04, EPA/600/
7-79/053
Small experimental watersheds in the eastern United
States, which define practical ecosystems, are used to
study and evaluate (1) the impact of anthropogenic
emissions on individual ecosystem processes and (2)
the Integrated response of the total system. The water-
shed approach to evaluating biochemical processes
Integrates several long- and short-term studies. This
study evaluates chronic rather than acute effects.
Therefore, two study areas were prepared so that an
Impacted area could be compared with a background
area. The Cross Creek watershed has been subjected
to about 30 years of sulfur and nitrogen input from the
Widows Creek coal-fired power plant. The Camp
Branch watershed, located in a relatively remote area,
away from the influence of any major anthropogenic
sulfur or nitrogen source, is being used to represent
background conditions. A comparative study of these
two sites is made. The objectives of the project, the
facilities that have been developed, and the ecological
characteristics of each watershed are described.
Keywords: "Watersheds, 'Ecology, *Alr pollution,
'Cross Creek, 'Widows Creek, 'Camp Branch Water-
shed, 'Forest trees, Comparison, Environmental im-
pacts, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Standards, Coal, Electric
power plants, Mathematical models, Soils, Qeomor-
phology, Vegetation, Tennessee, Acid precipitation.
PB-299 176-SET PC E19
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West Energy Resource Develop-
ment Systems Report.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Mar 79,1609p-in6v
Set includes PB-299 177 thru PB-299 182.
No abstract available.
PB-299 177/6 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals ana Industry.
Energy from the West: Energy Resource Develop-
ment Systems Report. Volume I: Introduction and
General Social Controls. Final rept. 1975-78,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha Gilliland. Mar 79,181p*
EPA/600/7-79/060A
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
See also Volume 21 PB-299 178. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E19, PB-299 176-
SET.
This report describes the technologies likely to be
used for development of coal, oil shale, uranium, oil,
natural gas, and geothermal resources in eight west-
ern states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming).
Volume 1 describes the study, the technological activi-
ties such as exploration, extraction, and conversion for
developing the resource, and laws and regulations
which affect the development of more than one of the
six resources considered in the study.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Oil shale, 'Uranium, 'Crude oil,
'Natural gas, 'Legislation, 'Regulations, Environmen-
tal impacts, Air pollution, Water pollution, Exploration,
Leasing, Mining, Water quality, Water consumption,
Solid waste disposal, Noise pollution, Transportation,
Distribution, Forecasting, Arizona, Colorado, Montana,
New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming, 'Energy source development, 'Western
RegionfUnilecf States), 'Petroleum, 'Geothermal re-
sources, Occupational safety and health, Air quality,
Energy transport, Energy requirements.
PB-299 178/4 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: Energy Resource Develop-
ment Systems Report. Volume II: Coal. Final rept.
1975-78,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha Gilliland. Mar 79,395p*
EPA/600/7-79/060B
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
See also Volume 1, PB-299 177 and Volume 3, PB-299
179.Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E19, PB-299 176-
SET.
This report describes the technologies likely to be
used for development of coal resources in eight west-
ern states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming). It
provides information on input materials and labor re-
quirements, outputs, residuals, energy requirements,
economic costs, and resource specific state and feder-
al laws and regulations.
Keywords: 'Coal, Exploration, Mining, Beneficiation,
Coal gasification, Environmental impacts. Regulations,
Legislation, Manpower, Cost analysis, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Noise pollution, Solid wastes, Forecast-
ing, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Energy
source development, Coal liquefaction, 'Western
Region(Unlted States), Energy requirements.
PB-299 179/2 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: Energy Resource Develop-
ment Systems Report. Volume III: Oil Shale. Final
rept. 1975-78,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha Gilliland. Mar 79,328p*
EPA/600/7-79/060C
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
See also Volume 2, PB-299 178 and Volume 4, PB-299
180. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E19, PB-299 176-
This report describes the technologies likely to be
used for development of oil shale resources in eigru
western states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New
Mexico, North Dakota, Soulh Dakola, Utah, and Wyo-
ming). It provides information on input materials ana
labor requirements, outputs, residuals, energy re°.r!F'
ments, economic costs, and resource specific siaw
and federal laws and regulations.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, Environmental impacts, Explora-
tion, Mining, Manpower, Cost analysis, Water pollution.
Noise pollution, Solid wastes, Solid waste disposal.
Forecasting, Arizona, Colorado, Monlana, New
Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Ulah, Wyoming,
Legislation, Regulations, Air pollution, 'Energy source
development, 'Western ReaionfUniled States),
Energy requirements.
Region(United
PB-299 180/0 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, uu
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: Energy Resource Develop-
ment Systems Report. Volume IV: Uranium. Final
rept. 1975-78,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program. ,
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha Gilliland. Mar 79, 254P
EPA/600/7-79/060D
Contract EPA-68-01-1916 „ oaa
See also Volume 3, PB-299 1 79 and Volume 5, Pg-^8
181. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Austin, TX. ,.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC El 9, PB-299 176-
SET.
estern states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New
exico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyo-
ing). It provides information on input materials anu
abor requirements, outputs, residuals, energy re ^
used for developmenl of oil and natural gas resource'
in eight western states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana
New Mexico, North Dakola, Soulh Dakota, Utah, an"
Wyoming). II provides information on inpul male™'';
and labor requirements, outputs, residuals, energy ;
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-299 182/6 PC A10/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
wice of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
energy from the West: Energy Resource Develop-
ment System* Report Volume VI: Geothermal.
Final rept. 1975-78,
uKianoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
program.
Wn L. White, Michael A. Charlock, R. Leon Leonard,
FDA?LC- Bal|ard. and Martha Gilliland. Mar 79, 221 p*
EPA/600/7-79/060F
Contract EPA-68-01 -191 6
«« as° Volume 5, PB-299 181. Prepared in coopera-
tion witn Radjan c orp.,Austi n,TX.
*«o available in set of 6 reports PC E19, PB-299 176-
I!S.«r8port describes the technologies likely to be
"«ra tor development of geothermal resources in eight
Kit- tstates (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New
mf^°i Nortrl Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyo-
ahJr' Provides information on input materials and
man. 'elements, outputs, residuals, energy require-
,'H, ' economic costs, and resource specific state
ana federal laws and regulations.
«iSfwords: '.Geothermal prospecting, Exploration, En-
, guaons, orecasng, rzona, oor-
Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South
mnl, ;,AUtah. Wyoming, "Energy source develop-
quire Western Region(United States), Energy re-
183/4 PC A09/MF A01
angle ^al Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Coneervatlon Through Point Source Recy-
r?? TernPerature Hyperflltratlon. Final
.. SC/Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
- Brandon, and J. J. Porter. Jun 79,
L1Port 9"ves results of a study of energy conserva-
w ects °' Point source recycle with high-tempera-
jjyperfiltration (HF) in the textile industry, (HF and
'J "ration (UF) are pressure-driven membrane
ich "ave potential for recycle of water,
r«, ,
ran«9y' and chemicals in wet finish operations.) The
arhii °L wate'. energy, and chemicals can be best
*™ r.d " separations are applied to individual point-
fluent Srean» rather than to total-plant mixed ef-
of »M i lva wet Processes comprise a large fraction
total e °Peration8 and require over half of the
VYa,-"".'" "W.-RS, ana in atmospheric becks, riam sites
b^e visited and data taken on operations on which to
8avarti?mates °' Potential energy and materials to be
itooH.' Each process effluent was sampled and ana-
Qe V»°.aetermine which membrane (HF or UF) should
branf ' Tw.° small equipment skids allowed mem-
in°"° operation at the plant sites. The permeate water
Brahi case was reusable. Estimates of energy recov-
™toi per mass of cloth processed (kJ/kg) for each
^•ration are: rope preparation, 2646; open-width
«ion, 5766; continuous dyeing, 2449; atmos-
beck dyeing, 20,115; high-pressure beck
'• 3910; and low-pressure beck dyeing, 1964.
lords: 'Water pollution control, 'Energy conser-
ui Textile industry, 'Water consumption, Filtra-
H^h temperature tests, Membranes, Industrial
'.treatment, Circulation, Field tests, Economic
(S3?18' Process charting, Performance evaluation,
(jSy'8.|ons, Dyes, 'Hyperfiftration, Waste water reuse,
"^nitration, Point sources.
ironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
C.
Index Format for BATEA Achievement by
lr«n and Steel Indiwtry. Final rept. Aug 77-Jan
- Jan 79- ^P EPA/600/
3-79/0!)'' 8ncl J- D>' st
^actE
n^/epon describes a study to develop a format for
081 Available Technology Economically Achievable
(BATEA) cost analysis, including pertinent cost data.
The format is to aid Regional U.S. EPA personnel in
evaluating economic appeal cases for BATEA.
Through discussion with U.S. EPA Regional personnel
and a review of cost engineering literature, two sample
formats were developed: one for capital investment;
the other for operating costs. The cost analysis for-
mats were designed specifically for application to the
iron and steel industry; although, with modification,
they could be used for other industries as well. General
information regarding various cost components is pro-
vided as a basis for analyzing cost estimates present-
ed by specific iron and steel plants.
Keywords: 'Cost indexes, 'Technology assessment,
'Iron and steel industry, Cost analysis, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Industrial plants. Cost engi-
neering, Depreciation, Pollution, Fixed investment,
Capital Technology innovation, 'Pollution control.
PB-299 185/9 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
A Statistical Method tor Assessment of Urban
Stormwater. Final rept.,
Hydroscience, Inc., Westwood, NJ.
Eugene D. Driscoll, Dominic M. D. Toro, and Robert V.
Thomann. May 79, 423p EPA/440/3-79/023
Contract EPA-68-01-3251
This manual describes a simplified methodology which
can be used to assess the impact of urban stormloads
on the quality of receiving waters, and to evaluate the
cost and effectiveness of control measures for reduc-
ing these pollutant loads. The methodology is particu-
larly appropriate for use at the planning level where
preliminary assessments are made to define problems,
establish the relative significance of contributing
sources, assess feasibility of control, and determine
the need for and focus of additional evaluations. It can
also be used effectively in conjunction with detailed
studies, by providing a cost-effective screening of an
array of alternatives, so that the more detailed and so-
phisticated techniques can examine only the more at-
tractive alternatives. The methodology is based on the
determination of certain statistical properties of the
rainfall history of an area. From these statistics, the de-
sired information on loads, performance of controls,
and receiving water impacts is generated directly. Pro-
cedures are quite simple to apply, using charts and
graphs which facilitate screening alternate types or
levels of control, testing sensitivity to assumptions
concerning drainage area characteristics, Stormwater
contaminant levels and similar variable factors.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Mathematical
models, Water pollution, Water pollution control, Rain-
fall, Statistical analysis, Benefit cost analysis, Comput-
er programs.
PB-299 191/7 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Conditioning Agents on Emissions
from Coal-fired Boilers: Test Report No. 1. Final
rept. Jan-Apr 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. G. Patterson, P. Rieragard, R. Parker, and S.
Calvert. Apr 79,71 p EPA/600/7-79/104A
Contract EPA-68-02-2628
See also Test rept. no. 2, PB-299192.
The report gives results of a field performance test of
an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) which uses SOS as
the conditioning agent. The ESP Is at an electric utility
power plant, burning approximately 1% sulfur coal.
Tests were conducted with and without injection of the
S03. The ESP performance was characterized in
terms of particle collection efficiency and the chemical
composition of particulate and gaseous emissions. Fly
ash resistivity and dust opacity were also measured.
Results show an average increase in overall efficiency
from 80% to 95% with injection of the SOS. This ie ac-
companied by a decrease in fly ash resistivity, a de-
crease in opacity, and an increase In SOS concentra-
tion entering and leaving the ESP. Approximately 80%
of the injected SO3 escaped the ESP.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Sulfur trioxlde, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Flue gases, Perform-
ance evaluation, Particles, Field tests, Impactors,
Sampling, Electric power plants,
Concentration(Composition), 'Conditioning agents,
'Coal fired power plants, Cascade Impactors.
PB-299 192/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Conditioning Agents on Emissions
from Coal-fired Boilers: Test Report No. 2. Final
rept. Apr-Jul 78,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. Q. Patterson, J. Long, R. Parker, and S. Calvert. Apr
79,59p EPA/600/7-79/104B
Contract EPA-68-02-2628
See also Test rept. no. 1, PB-299 191.
The report gives results of a field performance test of
an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) which uses Apollo
Chemical Co.'s LPA 445 and LAC 51B flue gas condi-
tioning agents. The ESP Is at an electric utility power
plant, burning approximately 1% to 2% sulfur coal.
Tests were conducted with and without injection of the
conditioning agents. ESP performance was character-
ized in terms of particle collection efficiency and the
chemical composition of particulate and gaseous
emissions. Fly ash resistivity and dust opacity were
also measured. Measurements show that there was no
significant change in overall efficiency (99.6%) be-
tween the conditioned and unconditioned tests. There
was some evidence that the conditioning agents re-
duced entrainment during electrode rapping and possi-
bly improved the fractional efficiency slightly for parti-
cles smaller than about 5 micrometers in diameter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Boilers, 'Electric power plants,
Performance evaluation, Field tests, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Particles, Fly ash, Dust, Opac-
ity, Economic analysis, Flue gases, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Conditioning agents.
PB-299 194/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Trace Elements from Acid Mine Drain-
age. Final rept. Sept 77-Jan 78,
Hydroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Roger C. Wilmoth, James L. Kennedy, Jack R. Hall,
andCharles W. Stuewe. Apr 79,88p EPA/800/7-79/
101
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
Lime neutralization, reverse osmosis, and ion ex-
change were studied for their effectiveness in remov-
ing mg/l levels of ten specific trace elements from
spiked acid mine drainage under typical operating con-
ditions. The specified toxic materials were arsenic,
boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel,
phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. Treatment by lime
neutralization was very effective in removing arsenic,
cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc, and relatively inef-
fective in rejecting boron. The two-bed (strong acid-
weak base) ion exchange system was very effective in
removing all of the trace elements except phosphorus
and boron. None of the three treatment methods was
very effective in removing phosphorus. Analysis for
boron proved troublesome. Use of the standard nitric
acid metals preservation methods was found to be in-
appropriate tor samples requiring boron analysis.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Trace elements,
Calcium oxides, Osmosis, Ion exchanging, Arsenic,
Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Mercury(Metal),
Nickel, Phosphorus, Selenium, Zinc, Neutralizing,
•Acid mine drainage, Reverse osmosis.
PB-299 195/8 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Granular Bed Filters for Hlgh-tem-
perature/Hlgh-pressure Particulate Control. Re-
search rept,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Shui-Chow Yung, Ronald Patterson, Richard Parker,
and Seymour Calvert. Jan 79,240p EPA/600/7-79/
020
Contract EPA-68-02-2183
The status and potential of granular bed filter (QBF)
technology for fine particulate control has been criti-
cally reviewed and evaluated with emphasis on high
temperature and pressure (HTP) applications. Availa-
ble theoretical models and experimental data have
December 1983 721
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
been evaluated and found to be inadequate for pre-
dicting the performance of industrial GBF systems. Ad-
ditional experimental data were obtained with a bench
scale GBF. These data were used as the basis for a
clean bed performance model based on inertial impac-
tion as the primary collection mechanism. Predictions
were in good agreement with data from industrial GBF
systems. The performance and economics of fixed,
continuously moving, and intermittently moving GBF
systems have been evaluated for HTP applications.
this study shows that GBF systems have potential for
HTP applications but further development and design
improvements will be necessary before these systems
can be considered adequate HTP paniculate control
technologies. Recommendations are made for improv-
ing the efficiency and reliability of GBF systems.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Filters,
'Fines, High pressure tests, High temperature tests,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Particles, Mathematical models, Design,
Cost analysis, Forecasting, Laboratory equipment,
'Granular bed filters.
PB-299 197/4 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Watershed and Point Source Enrichment and
Lake Trophic State Index. Final rept, Jan 73-Dec
North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks. Dept. of Biology.
Joe K. Neel. Apr 79,112p EPA/600/3-79/046
Grant EPA-R-800490
Water in the permeable soils of the upper Pelican
River watershed, Minnesota, requires slightly more
than a year to move generally out of the phreatic zone
into surface channels and basins. Its nutrient content
seems mainly responsible for the load borne in surface
waters above entrance of a wastewater effluent, and
groundwater changes have been followed a year later
by similar ones in surface water. In 1975 P load from
non-point sources markedly exceeded that from the
wastewater effluent. Nutrients in groundwater are as-
sumed to result from soil surface application, but only
quantities supplied by precipitation have been meas-
ured. The most noxious conditions in surface waters
have been occasioned by heterocystous blue-green
phytoplankters, but the greatest plant mass has been
produced by rooted and attached vegetation. Ground-
water seepage into these lakes contributed more nutri-
ents than precipitation, but the latter supplied what
may be significant amounts to watershed soils. A tro-
phic state index based on change in Mg/Ca quotient
relative to water residence time has reliably depicted
relative total productivity levels in 6 lakes or ponds,
and its general applicability, at least to natural lakes,
now appears likely.
Keywords: 'Water pollution,'"Pelican River, Primary
biological productivity, Nutrients, Watersheds, Phos-
phorus, Concentration(Composition), Algae, Vegeta-
tion, Aquatic plants, Surface waters, Ground water,
Seepage, Oxygen, Hydrogen sulfide, Minnesota, Eu-
tropnication, Trophic level, Point sources, 'Water qual-
ity data.
PB-299 198/2 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
At-Sea Incineration: Evaluation of Waste Flow and
Combustion Gas Monitoring Instrumentation On-
board the M/T VULCANUS. Final rept. Sep 77-May
79,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
D. A. Ackerman, R. J. Johnson, E. L. Moon, A. E.
Samsonov, and K. H. Scheyer. Jul 79,107p EPA/600/
2-79/137
Contract EPA-68-02-2660
The report describes the test operations and results of
measuring organochlorine waste flowrate and CO,
CO2, and O2 in the effluent gas during incineration of
industrial chemical waste onboard the M/T Vulcanus.
The data was obtained during shipboard test burns in
the North Sea during November and December 1978
and February 1979. Program objectives were to gather
data on durability and accuracy of both the waste flow-
meters and the CO, CO2, and O2 monitoring system
when used on a continuous routine basis. Combustion
efficiency exceeded 99.95 percent in all cases, meet-
ing IMCO requirements of 99.95 + or - 0.05 percent.
The ultrasonic and vortex waste flowmeters and the
CO. CO2, and O2 monitoring system performed satis-
factorily during the burns. The CO, CO2, and O2 equip-
ment was operated continuously for a maximum of 12
hours. The vortex flowmeters indicated gradual waste
buildup, although buildup did not occur in the ultrason-
ic flowmeter piping. Monthly inspection and cleaning of
the vortex meters would avoid extensive solids build-
up. Use of spare instruments ensured continuous ac-
quisition of combustion data throughout the burns.
Post-test inspection of the analyzers indicated only
minor corrosion and wear.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, "Incinerators, "Chemical
compounds, "Water pollution control, Monitoring,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Chlorine
organic compounds, Motor tanker, Tanker ships, Gas
analysis, Performance evaluation, Flowmeters, Air pol-
lution, Cost analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical analysis, "Air pollution detection, "Liquid
wastes, Air pollution sampling, Vulcanus vessel.
PB-299 199/0 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Effects of Selected Asbestos Fibers on Cellular
and Molecular Parameters. Interim rept. 15 Apr 76-1
Jul 78,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Chemical Biomedical En-
vironmental Research Group.
R. W. Hart, R. Fertel, H. A. I. Newman, F. B. Daniel, and
J. R. Blakeslee. May 79,46p EPA/600/1-78/021
Grant EPA-R-804201
Embryonic cultures were used to compare the effects
of five asbestos materials on a cellular, biochemical
and molecular basis. Chrysotile was found to be the
most cytotoxic followed by crocidolite, tremolite, amo-
site, and silica. Results of tests involving cellular ratios
of cyclic nucleotldes were consistent with asbestos
acting as a promoter of carcinogenesis. Washed as-
bestos fibers had little or no effect on induction of DNA
damage based on unscheduled DNA synthesis tests.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Toxicology, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Revisions, In vitro analysis, Tissue culture, Lab-
oratory animals, Serpentine, Amphiboles, Cellular ma-
terials, Molecular structure, Cultures(Biology), "Toxic
substances, Cytoxicity, Carcinogenesis, Environmen-
tal health.
PB-299 202/2 PC A04/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Summary Report on Emissions from the Glass
Manufacturing Industry. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. D. Spinosa, D. T. Hooie, and R. B. Bennett. Apr 79,
60p EPA/600/2-79/101
Contracts EPA-68-01-3159, EPA-68-01-4431
This project was undertaken to evaluate emissions
rates from typical glass manufacturing furnaces. The
effort concentrated on the container segment of the in-
dustry, however, tests were also conducted on the
pressed blown, and flat glass segments of the industry.
The quantitative results of the test program were com-
pared to earlier calculated results derived in the source
assessment documents for each segment of the in-
dustry. Additional data collected during this test pro-
gram included particle size distributions of glass fur-
nace emissions and trace metals analyses of glass fur-
nace emissions. Other sources within the typical glass
manufacturing plant were also evaluated to determine
the types of pollutants that are generated from these
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Glass industry, "Furnaces,
Industrial wastes, Particle size distribution, Trace ele-
ments, Metals, Sources, Combustion products.
PB-299 205/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Potential Production and Marketing of FGD By-
product Sulfur and Sulfurlc Acid In the U.S. (1963
Projection). Final rept. Jun 76-Dec 78,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
W. E. O'Brien, and W. L. Anders. Apr 79, 59p* ECDP/
B-1, EPA/600/7-79/106
The report updates to 1983 a 1978-base, computer-
ized marketing evaluation of sulfur and H2SO4 as flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts from U.S. coal-
burning power plants. Least-costs of compliance were
calculated using comparisons of clean fuel with 50
cents and 70 cents/million Btu premiums, limestone
scrubbing, and scrubbing systems with byproduct
sulfur and H2SO4 production. Market potential of
sales to sulfur-burning H2SO4 plants was also deter-
mined. At the 50 cent premium, H2S04 production
was the least-cost method at five plants, four of which
had combined sales of 800,000 tons/yr. At the 70 cent
premium, H2S04 production was the least-cost
method at 26 plants, 7 of which had sales totaling 1.2.
million tons. New boilers coming online by 1983 ac-
counted for 60% of the sales. Market potential was rel-
atively insensitive to sulfur price. Sulfur production was
not selected at any plant, but reduction of total FGD
costs by 3-25% would make it competitive with sulfur
delivered from Port Sulphur at 16 plants with a total
production of 266,000 tons. Results indicate the need
of a longer time projection and continued updating of
the model data bases.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfuric acid,
"Sulfur, Byproducts, Flue gases, Electric power plants,
Scrubbers, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Marketing,
Sulfur oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Cost analysis, "Coal fired power plants, "Waste recy-
cling.
PB-299 206/3 PC A03/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of Solidification/Stabilization Technology
for Hazardous Industrial Wastes. Interim rept.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, MS.
Jul 79,50p* EPA/600/2-79/056
Stabilization/solidification or fixation Is a process for
treating industrial solid wastes (primarily sludges) that
contain hazardous constituents to prevent dissolution
and loss of toxic materials into the environment. Most
of these treatment processes are designed to produce
a monolithic solid of low permeability. Some of the sta-
bilization/solidification processes can further control
the loss of toxic materials by (a) reacting chemically
with the toxic constituents to produce new inert solid
compounds that bind the potential pollutants into
stable crystal lattices; (b) controlling the pH and redo*
potential so that toxic compounds are maintained
under conditions where the materials have minimum
solubility; (c) covering the solid waste material with a
coating that does not react with the waste, but pre-
vents water from reaching the material. Prevent solidi-
fication/stabilization systems are grouped into seven
classes of processes. The advantages and disadvan-
tages of each approach is discussed. Abstracts from
technical information furnished by companies develop-
ing or marketing solidification/stabilization processes
or marketing equipment specifically for these process-
es are presented.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Solidification, Stability, Solubility, Industrial
wastes, Sludge disposal, Leaching, Coatings, Technol-
ogy, Polymers, Encapsulating, Cements, Calcium
oxides, Thermoplastic resins.
PB-299 207/1 PC A02/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparative Assessment of Residential Energy
Supply Systems That Use Fuel Cells (Executive
Summary). Final rept. Sep 76-Jan 79,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
R. V. Steele, D. C. Bomberger, K. M. Clark, R. F.
Goldstein, and R. L. Hays. Apr 79,15p" EPA/600/7-
79/105A
Contract EPA-68-02-2180
See also report dated Apr 79, PB-299 208.
The report gives results of a comparison of residential
energy supply systems using fuel cells. Twelve energy
systems, able to provide residential heating and cool-
ing using technologies projected to be available
toward the end of this century, were designed concep-
tually. Only a few systems used fuel cells. All systems
used Western coal as the primary energy source, anO
all residences were assumed to have identical heatinfl
and cooling demands typical of the mid-continent U.S.
After screening, five systems were analyzed in detail-
The entire energy cycle, from coal mine to end use,
was examined for costs, efficiency, environment*
impact, and applicability. The five energy systems are-
(1) a coal-fired power plant supplying electricity and •
coal gasification plant supplying SNG; (2) a 26-M"
722 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
foal-cell power plant fueled by coal-derived SNG sup-
plying electricity; (3) a 26-MW fuel-cell power plant
lueied by coal-derived naphtha supplying electricity;
W a combined-cycle power plant fueled by coal-de-
wed fuel oil supplying electricity, and (5) a 100-kW
™e|-cell power plant fueled by coal-derived SNG, sited
" a housing complex, supplying electricity to heat
pumps, withlieat recovered from the fuel cell supply-
i supplemental space heating and hot water. Results
ate that the fuel cell systems are most costly,
most efficient, and have least environmental impact.
pjjywords: 'Electric power generation, 'Fuel cells,
"ssidential buildings, Assessments, Systems engi-
affi?9' Electr'c power plants, Space heating, Coal ga-
MJication, Heat pumps, Comparison, Thermal efficien-
cy, environmental impacts, Fixed investment. Operat-
ing costs, Electric power demand, Economic analysis,
SSI8?s ana|ysis, Coal, Naphthas, Fuel oil, Heating
***", Cooling systems, 'Fuel cell power plants, Energy
'HPPIies, Fossil fuel power plants, Modular integrated
Plants8ystems' H'9h btu 98Sl Combined cycle power
j|8-299 208/9 PC A22/MF A01
'"?"s'nal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Residential Energy
ims That Use Fuel Cells (Technical
c01.---.- .-inal rept. Sep 76-Jan 79,
S'v'nternational, Menlo Park, CA.
r«u Steele-D- c' Bomberger, K. M. Clark, R. F.
79/los'"'and R'LHays' pr79'504p*EPA/600/7-
S°ntractEPA-68-02-2180
°ee 8lso report dated Apr 79, PB-299 207.
I™ report gives results of a comparison of residential
"wgy supply systems using fuel cells. Twelve energy
Ejwems, able to provide residential heating and cool-
tola",8"!? technologies projected to be available
kjrjr" the end of this century, were designed concep-
useH IAJ n'y a 'ew systems used fuel cells. All systems
ai|~rj™e8tern coal as the primary energy source, and
ann Wences were assumed to have identical heating
*1° cooling demands typical of the mid-continent U.S.
•Jj"™ screening, five systems were analyzed in detail.
™ entire energy cycle, from coal mine to end use,
Into. examir>ed for costs, efficiency, environmental
fir. and aPPlicability. The five energy systems are:
cn'ai coal-fired power plant supplying electricity and a
i^-T flasification plant supplying SNG; (2) a 26-MW
uei-cell DOWfif nlant faiolnri hu rnal-Hnrktori SMI^ aim.
fir. "* coai-aenvea naphtha supplying electricity;
rtJLS jombined-cycle power plant fueled by coal-de-
fuau M oil suPPlying electricity; and (5) a 100-kW
1 Power plant fueled by coal-derived SNG, sited
Busing complex, supplying electricity to heat
inn«T~' *•*" neat recovered from the fuel cell supply-
irSiZrPPlemental space heating and hot water. Results
rnoM «• at trie 'uel ce" systems are most costly,
01 emciem, and have least environmental impact.
RaSl£rd8: 'Electric power generation, 'Fuel cells,
neeS?11?? Dtfildin9s' Assessments, Systems engi-
Jr°nng, Electric power plants, Space heating, Coal ga-
'"*non, Heat pumps. Comparison, Thermal erficien-
Itir^/onmental impacts, Fixed investments, Operat-
Sv«S^ ' Electric power demand, Economic analysis,
loari S18 analysis, Coal, Naphthas, Fuel oil, Heating
suT'i^ooHng systems, 'Fuel cell power plants, Energy
UtK ' Fossi'fuel P°wer Plants, Modular integrated
Plants emSl Hiflh btu flas' Combined °ycle P°wer
PCA04/MFA01
Qr.».'"lm'nta' Assessment of Construction
{?;"."*• Projects. Technical rept.
p-rt'iOnrnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
j2Sy Requirements Div.
•" '8, 75p* EPA/430/9-79/007, FRD-5
th? rePort describes the procedures and content for
rnarw. pnmental assessments that are required ele-
cons7i. ^c'l'tles plans. It is directed not only to the
^wuitants who most often develop these assess-
' out to citizens and local officials who wish to
3 more knowledgeable about the issues to be
J in an environmental assessment.
>: 'Environmental impacts, 'Construction,
Handbooks, Assessments, Requirements,
quality, Noise(Sound), Pollution, Waste dispos-
al, Natural resources, Wildlife, Land use, Ecology,
Evaluation, Environmental assessments.
PB-299 210/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Multimedia Assessment and Environmental Re-
search Needs of the Cement Industry. Final rept.,
Kearney (A. T.), Inc., Alexandria, VA.
Ronald F. Smith, and James E. Levin. May 79,94p*
EPA/600/2-79/111
Contract EPA-68-03-2586
This project was initiated to obtain a comprehensive
assessment of the cement industry and its environ-
mental research needs. This report contains a profile
of the U.S. cement industry; an analysis of the cement
manufacturing processes; a discussion of waste
stream characteristics and controls; and an assess-
ment of research needs for the cement industry. Rec-
ommendations for further investigation were proposed
in several areas: waste kiln dust management, nitro-
gen oxides control, use of kilns as waste incinerators,
and sulfur oxides control.
Keywords: 'Cements, 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution,
'Environmental surveys. Assessments, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Manufacturing, Industrial
wastes, Dust, Incinerators, Process charting, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Solid wastes.
PB-299 211/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Critical Evaluation of Differential Pulse Polaro-
graphy for Determining Chromlum(lll) and
Chromlum(VI) In Water Samples,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
Lyman H. Howe, Isaac E. Jones, and Norman K.
Stanley. Mar 79,42p TVA/ONR-79/09, EPA/600/7-
79/086
The Tennessee Valley Authority critically evaluated dif-
ferential pulse polarography for determining
chromium(vl) and chromium(lll) in water samples from
coal-fired steam-electric generating stations. After ad-
dition of reagents to overcome interference, the peak
currents for chromium(lll) and chromium(VI) are meas-
ured separately in different electrolytes and quantified
by standard addition. Total chromium is the algebraic
sum of chromium(VI) and chromium(lll). The effective
range for quantification is 0.1 to 10 mg/l of
chromium(VI) and 0.6 to 10 mg/l of chrornlum(lll). In-
terferences by lead(ll) and chromiurn(VI) on
chromium(lll) are discussed. Lead(ll) does not inter-
fere with measurement of chromium(VI), and
chromium(lll) does not interfere with chromium(VI).
Copper(ll), zinc(ll), and iron(lll) do not interfere with
measurement of either chromium(lll) or chromium(VI).
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Chromium, 'Polaro-
graphy, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Sampling, Performance evaluation,
Electric power plants, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory equipment,
'Water pollution detection, 'Coal fired power plants,
'Pulse polarography.
PB-299 212/1 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Photochemical Aerosol Dynamics. Final rept. Apr
73-Mar 78,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Dept. of Chemical
snK.nFrfedlander. May 79,47p EPA/600/3-79/052
Grant EPA-R-802160
New data are reported on (1) the rate of formation of
condensable chemical species by photochemical re-
actions, (2) the effect of the reaction products on the
particle size distribution and (3) the distribution of reac-
tion products as a function of particle size. Gas-to-par-
ticle conversion for cyclopentene, cyclohexene and
1,7-octadiene, ranged from 5 to 39 percent of the Ini-
tial gas-phase carbon concentrations. Size distribution
data for cyclohexene were correlated by a diffusion
controlled growth law with Kelvin cutoff diameter at
about 0.25 micrometer. In polluted atmospheres, some
new particle formation takes place as a result of homo-
geneous gas phase reactions even though an aerosol
is already present To explain the results of laboratory
studies of this phenomenon, classical nucleation
theory must be modified to take into account the sca-
venging of clusters by the aerosol. Using a new low
pressure impactor, the first measurements have been
made of the distributions of sulfate and nitrate with re-
spect to particle size for dp < 0.25 micrometer. In
Pasadena, the data for sulfate often show a peak in
the mass distribution for 0.6 < dp < 1.0 micrometer;
less often, a peak is observed near 0.1 micrometer,
consistent with laboratory data for aerosols formed by
homogeneous gas phase reactions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Photochemical
reactions, 'Particle size distribution, Reaction kinetics,
Cyclopentene, Cyclohexene, Particles, Sulfates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Nucleation, Organic compounds, Smog,
•Atmospheric chemistry, Heterogeneous reactions,
Homogeneous reactions, Octadiene.
PB-299 213/9 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Partlculate Sampling and Support: Final Report.
Final rept. Nov 75-Nov 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Kenneth M. Cushing, and Wallace B. Smith. Jun 79,
150p EPA/600/2-79/114
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
The report summarizes results of research, develop-
ment, and support tasks performed during the 3-year
period. The tasks encompassed many aspects of par-
ticulate sampling and measurement in industrial gas-
eous process and effluent streams. Under this con-
tract, cascade impactors were calibrated and evaluat-
ed; novel particle sampling cyclones were designed
and evaluated; technical and procedures manuals
were prepared for control device evaluation and parti-
cle sampling methods; an electrostatic precipitator
backup was designed for high flow rate systems; and
advanced concepts in monitoring particle mass and
size, using optical systems, were evaluated. A number
of smaller tasks, involving lower levels of effort, are
also discussed. The appendix lists technical docu-
ments published under the contract.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Particle size, Sampling, Impactors, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cyclone separators,
Monitoring, High temperature tests, Calibrating, Air fil-
ters, 'Air pollution sampling, Fabric filters, Cascade im-
pactors, Numerical solution.
PB-299 215/4 PC A03/MF A01
In-stack Plume Opacity from Electrostatic Preclpl-
tator/Scrubber System at Harrington Unit 1,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Particulate Technology Branch.
Leslie E. Sparks. May 79,33p EPA/600/7-79/118
The report gives results of theoretical modeling of par-
ticulate emission and in-stack plume opacity for the
electrostatic precipitator (ESP)/scrubber system at
Southwestern Public Service Company's Harrington
Unit 1. The theoretical results of an emission rate of
17.8 ng/J and opacity of 35% are in good agreement
with data from compliance testing of the unit. The cal-
culations indicate that 20% opacity can be achieved
(1) by increasing specific collector area (SCA) of the
ESP by 25% and leaving the scrubber pressure drop
alone, (2) by increasing scrubber pressure drop by a
factor of 4 and leaving the ESP alone, (3) by replacing
the existing marble bed scrubber with a venturi scrub-
ber, increasing the pressure drop by 20%, and leaving
the ESP alone, or (4) by doubling the SCA of the ESP
and removing the scrubber. Calculations showing the
impact of high in-stack opacity on the downwind ap-
pearance of the plume are also included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Mathematical
models, 'Opacity, 'Particles, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Plumes, Standards, Pressure, Col- '
lectors, Venturi scrubbers, Numerical solution.
PB-299 216/2 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Data Analysis of Drinking Water Asbestos Fiber
Size. Final rept. 16 Aug 77-30 Jun 78,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Biomedical and En-
vironmental Health Sciences.
December 1983 723
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Michael E. Tarter. May 79,71p EPA/600/1-79/020
A statistical study of asbestos fiber size characteristics
was conducted using data obtained from a variety of
San Francisco Bay Area water systems. Particular em-
phasis was placed on comparison of fiber length distri-
butions for samples collected from pre and post as-
bestos cement (AC) pipe systems. Significant differ-
ences were detected between the fiber size distribu-
tions in samples of raw water and water collected after
a length of AC pipe. Little difference was detected be-
tween the fiber size distributions of a raw water sample
and a treated water sample. It was also shown that
before and after AC pipe, fibers in the water differed
most significantly in the length distributions of narrow
fibers.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Potable water, 'Fibers, "Water
pollution, Length, Samples, Pipes, Comparison,
Graphs(Charts), Histograms, Data analysis.
PB-299 218/8 PC A02/MF A01
Nitrogen Dioxide: Time-Concentration Model to
Predict Acute Foliar Injury. Final rept,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Walter W. Heck, and David T. Tingey. May 79,25p
EPA/600/3-79/057
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Botany.
An experimental design was developed utilizing five
time periods from 0.5 to 7 hours with two nitrogen diox-
ide concentrations at each time period. Concentra-
tions were chosen that would produce threshold and
severe injury at these time periods. From these data
lizing concentration a's the dependent variable, and
both foliar injury and time as independent variables.
The model allows for the development of a three-di-
mensional response surface within the limits of the
times and concentrations used. The model should be
of practical importance in predicting the concentration
of nitrogen dioxide that will produce a given amount of
injury to a specific crop during a single 12-hour day.
Research to date suggests the model may be used for
other pollutants and for other plant species that show
injury following exposure to high ambient nitrogen
dioxide concentrations.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Toxicology, Nitrogen in-
organic compounds, Time,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design, In-
juries, Plants(Botany), Vegetation, Models, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB-299 219/6 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring \and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Hydraulics of the Atchafalaya Basin Main Channel
System: Considerations from a Multluse Manage-
ment Standpoint Research rept. Jun 77-Jan 78,
Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA.
Johannes L. van Beek. May 79,46p EPA/600/4-79/
036
Contract EPA-68-03-2665
The report examines the relationships among hydrau-
lic elements In the Atchafalaya Basin floodway system
in terms of discharge regime, sediment load, channel
form and size, flood control, water surface slope, bank
elevation, overbank capacity, dredging requirements,
and spoil disposal. Hydraulic geometry of the present
main channel system is analyzed and the rate of natu-
ral channel development along the main channel is
presented with the net change in channel cross-sec-
tional area from changes in bed and flow line.
Keywords: "Floodways, "Flood control, "Atchafalaya
Basin, "Channel improvements, Hydraulics, Dredging,
Spoil, BanksfWaterways), Slope, Channel stabilization,
Alluvium, Hydrology, Mississippi River, Circulation,
Louisiana, Sediments.
PB-299 223/8 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Water Hardness and Cardiovascular Disease. Final
rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1979,10p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3169
724 Vol. 83, No. 26
A brief review of the present state of knowledge re-
garding the relationship of water hardness to cardio-
vascular disease. Also included are recommendations
for future research and a statement on the appropri-
ateness of modifying current water treatment prac-
tices.
Keywords: "Cardiovascular diseases, "Hardness,
Public health, Reviews, Recommendations, Research,
Water treatment, Priorities, Relationships, "Water
hardness, Environmental health.
PB-299 234/5 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Suspended Solids and Sediment on Re-
production and Early Life of Warmwater Fishes: A
Review,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Robert J. Muncy, Gary J. Atchison, Ross V. Bulkley,
Bruce W. Menzel, and Lance G. Perry. Apr 79,110p*
EPA/600/3-79/042
The review of published literature and research reports
revealed limited data for a few warmwater fish species
concerning the impacts of suspended solids and sedi-
ments on reproductive success. Laboratory and field
studies during the 1930-50s examined direct mortality
as the result of extremely high levels of suspended
solids. Controversy ensued in the 1940-60s over the
impacts of turbidity on fish populations in the Great
Lakes and midwestern rivers. There was substantial
evidence that reproductive behavior was variously af-
fected by suspended solids and sediment relative to
spawning time, place of spawning, and spawning be-
havior. The more adaptively successful species repro-
ductive activities were not carried on at times of high-
est turbidity. Fishes with complex patterns of reproduc-
tive behavior are more vulnerable to interference by
suspended solids at a number of critical behavioral
phases during the spawning process. Incubation stage
is particularly susceptible to adverse effects from sedi-
ment.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Sediments, "Water
pollution, "Rivers, "Great Lakes, Field tests, Suspend-
ed sediments. Environmental impacts, Turbidity, Abun-
dance, Survival, Algae, Larvae, Maturation, Fecundity,
ReproductionfBiology), Animal behavior, Mortality,
Vulnerability, "Warm water fishes, "Suspended solids,
Organic loading, Incubation, Lepomis macrochirus,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-299 235/2 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab. OR.
Transport of OH Under Smooth Ice. Final rept.,
ARCTEC, Inc., Columbia, MD.
M. S. Uzuner, F. B. Weiskopf, J. C. Cox, and L. A.
Schultz. Apr 79,62p 220-C, EPA/600/3-79/041
Contract EPA-68-03-2232
Previous studies of oil-ice interaction have been limit-
ed to spreading under quiescent conditions. The
present study examines the current driven spread of oil
under a smooth ice cover. Generalized relations be-
tween current speed and oil transport rate are devel-
oped and found to be strongly dependent upon the ori-
entation of the oil slick to the direction of current flow.
Methods for application are presented.
Keywords: "Oil pollution, "Ice, "Mathematical models,
Transport properties, Transport theory, Water flow, Oil
spills.
PB-299 237/8 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Radlometrlc Method for the Determination of Ura-
nium In Water: Single-Laboratory Evaluation and
Intel-laboratory Collaborative Study. Rept. for 15
Nov 76-15 Jun 78,
Mound Facility, Miamisburg, OH.
C. T. Bishop, V. R. Casella, and A. A. Glosby. Apr 79,
60p EPA/600/7-79/093
Contract DOE-EY-76-C-04-0053
The results of a single-laboratory evaluation and an
inter-laboratory collaborative study of a method for de-
termining uranium in water are reported. The method
consists of coprecipitation of uranium with ferrous hy-
droxide, a nitric-hydrofluoric acid dissolution if the
sample contains sediment, separation of the uranium
by anion exchange chromatography, and electrodepo-
sltion, followed By alpha pulse height analysis. Four
reference samples, ranging from 1 to 2,000 disintegra-
tions per minute per liter, were prepared for evaluating
the method. These samples consisted of two actual
environmental samples, a substitute ocean water
sample, and a sample containing sediment. Measured
uranium concentrations for these samples agreed to
within 5% of the reference concentrations, while tracer
recoveries averaged about 70%. The precision of the
collaborative study results approached counting statis-
tics errors for the three water samples which did not
contain sediment.
Keywords: "Uranium isotopes, "Water analysis, 'Ra-
dioactive contaminants, "Radiometry, Chemical analy-
sis, Precipitation(Chemistry), Separation, Ion exchang-
ing, Electrodeposition, Sampling, Water pollution,
Sediments, Concentration(Composition), "Water pol-
lution detection, Procedures.
PB-299 238/6 PC A03/MF A01
Western Energy Sulfate/Nltrate Monitoring Net-
work, Progress Report. Rept. for Jan 75-Jun 78,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Michael J. Pearson, Marc Pitchford, and Robert
Snelling. Mar 79, 50p EPA/600/7-79/074
Interest in sulfate and nitrate aerosols has been on the
increase largely due to studies relating sulfate and ni-
trate to health effects and visibility degradation and to
changes in our national energy policy. The present and
planned utilization of coal resources in the western
United States will add to the sulfate-nitrate burden.
However, little sulfate-nitrafe data are available to es-
tablish a baseline and evaluate the impact of this de-
velopment. A program was initiated by the Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Laboratory at Las
Vegas to increase the number of locations monitoring
sulfate and nitrate in the Western Energy Resource
Development Area. This was accomplished primarily
by augmenting the existing paniculate sampling net-
works. This program has resulted in doubling the
number of locations reporting sulfate and nitrate data
and improving the geographic coverage. To evaluate
and improve the quality of these data, a quality assur-
ance program has also been established. The sulfate-
nitrate network resulting from this program was fully
operational at the end of 1978. The data reported thus
far indicate generally low values in this area. TypicaHy.
sulfate values are less than 6 micrograms per cubic
meter (microgram/cu m) and nitrate values are less
than 3 microgram/cu m. The data presented in this
report cover the sampling period from January 1975 to
December 1977.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfates, "Inorganic nitrate.
"Aerosols, Monitoring, Particles, Quality assurance.
Sampling, Degradation, Tables(Data), Coal,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Arizona, New
Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Baseline measurement, Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), "Air pollution sampling.
PB-299 239/4 PC A05/MF A01
Geothermal Industry Position Paper, EPA Regula-
tory Options and Research and Development in-
formation Needs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, Dc-
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Aug 77,100p EPA/600/7-77/092
The environmental impact of geothermal energy de-
velopment may be less intense or widespread than
that of some other energy sources; however, it is the
first example of a number of emerging energy technol-
ogies that must be dealt with by EPA. The report dis-
cusses the regulatory approaches and the potential
problems that geothermal energy may present in the
areas of air quality, water quality, and other impacts.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, Air pollution.
Water quality, Ground water, Radiation hazards, Solid
wastes, Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal, Noise
pollution. Land use, Planning, Guidelines, Recommen-
dations, Regulations, "Energy source development
•Geothermal industry, Geothermal resources.
PB-299 248/5 PC A02/MF A01
The Importance of Physical and Blotlc Scaling to
the Experimental Simulation of a Coastal Marln*
Ecosystem. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
^•J'Perez, G. M. Morrison, N. F. Lackie, C. A. Oviatt,
ana S. W. Nixon. 1977,12p EPA/600/J-77/162
rub. m Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters, v30 p144-
"02,1977. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode island
"rav., Kingston Dept ot Computer Science and Ex-
Perimenta(Statistics
A marine microcosm, consisting of a pelagic phase in-
'eracting with a benthic phase, is described. Variations
raili? turnover, turbulence, incident radiation and
S"° °f pelagic volume to benthic surface area are
wiown tp have significant effects on the behavior of
ecie8 can be differentiated by the number of
"'oniberances on the cardiac region of the carapace.
nn. DL.Js: 'Crabs, Larvae, Development, South Caro-
'«, Rhode Island, Morphology. Plankton, Diet, Surviv-
SnirtUlture8
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-299 258/4 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Comparison of Three Waste Leaching Tests: Ex-
ecutive Summary. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Robert K. Ham, Marc A. Anderson, Ralner Stegmann,
and Robert Stanforth. May 79,33p EPA/600/8-79/
001
Grant EPA-R-804773
See also rept dated May 79, PB-299 259.
A comparison of three leaching tests was performed
with thirteen industrial wastes to evaluate the potential
of each test for use as a standard leaching test proce-
dure. Such a procedure would be used to assess the
leaching characteristics of Industrial wastes for land
disposal. The study was done In conjunction with a
background study on the development of a standard
leaching test. The advantages and disadvantages of
each test based on the leacning characteristics of the
thirteen wastes and the usefulness of each procedure
as a standard test are analyzed and compared. Finally,
comments are provided on the need for careful Inter-
pretation of test results.
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Sludge disposal, 'Tests, Com-
parison, Industrial wastes, Assessments, Sludge, Eval-
uation, Land application.
PB-299 259/2 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Comparison of Three Waste Leaching Tests. Final
rept,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Robert K. Ham, Marc A. Anderson, Rainer Stegmann,
and Robert Stanforth. Jul 79,236p EPA/600/2-79/
071
Grant EPA-R-804773
See also rept. dated May 79, PB-299 258.
A comparison of three leaching tests was performed
with fourteen industrial wastes to evaluate the poten-
tial of each test for use as a standard leaching test.
The study was done in conjunction with a background
study on the development of a standard leaching test.
The advantages and disadvantages of each test,
based on the leaching characteristics of the fourteen
wastes and the usefulness of each procedure as a
standard test, are analyzed and compared. Finally,
some comments on the need for careful interpretation
of test results are provided.
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Sludge disposal, 'Tests, Com-
parison, Industrial wastes, Assessments, Sludge, Eval-
uation, Land application.
PB-299 265/9 PC A14/MF A01
Waterborne Transmission of Qlardlasls: Proceed-
ings of a Symposium Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on
September 18-20,1978,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Walter Jakubowskl, and John C. Hoff. Jun 79,321 p*
EPA/600/9-79/001
The Health Effects Research Laboratory and the Mu-
nicipal Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a Nation-
al Symposium on Waterborne Transmission of Giardia-
sis in Cincinnati on September 18-20,1978. The sym-
posium brought together scientists, engineers, and
federal, state, and local public health officials for the
purpose of determining the state-of-knowledge regard-
Ing the etiologlc agent and the disease as they relate
to water supplies. Sessions on the organism, the dis-
ease, epidemiology, detection methodology, water
treatment technology, and research needs were held.
The proceedings consist of 19 Invited manuscripts, 6
abstracts of contributed papers and transcripts of dis-
cussions following each presentation.
Keywords: 'Glardlasis, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings,
Protozoal diseases, Water supply, Potable water, Mi-
croorganism control, Epidemiology, Reviews, Water
treatment(Water), 'Path of Pollutants, 'Drinking water.
PB-299 266/7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Test and Evaluation of Potassium Sensors In
Fresh and Saltwater,
National Ocean Survey, Rockville, MD. Test and Eval-
uation Lab.
Gary K. Ward. Mar 79,65p EPA/600/7-79/057
Three types of potassium ion-selective electrodes
were evaluated for suitability in monitoring or in-situ
measurement applications. Each sensor was tested
for the following parameters: accuracy, precision, tem-
perature dependence, short and long-term stability,
durability, sensitivity to variations in light intensity and
flow conditions, response time as a function of tem-
perature and potassium concentration, and variations
between different manufacturers. The three potassium
sensors (glass-membrane single electrode, glass-
membrane combination electrode and liquid ion-ex-
change electrode) were evaluated at 10C and 25C in
freshwater, synthetic seawater and natural seawater
(35-, 20- and 5-ppt salinity). A description of the de-
vices, the theory of their operation, and a summary of
the test results are included.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Laboratory equipment,
'Potassium, Electrodes, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Monitoring,
Potentiometry, Sea water, Fresh water, Sensors, 'Ion
selective electrodes, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution
detection.
PB-299 289/1 PC A07/MF A01
A Survey of International Intergovernmental Or-
ganizations: The Strategies That They Use To
Abate Pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Melvin L. Myers. Nov 78,146p* EPA/600/9-78/033
The document is designed for use as a handbook for
those people involved in international environmental
administration and assistance. The handbook ad-
dresses 16 major international organizations and the
Law of the Sea Conference. The organizations select-
ed are those with which the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency has some continuing contact. The or-
ganizations are presented in order of their potential ef-
fectiveness to abate transnational pollution. The back-
ground and structure of these organizations and the
strategies they use are examined A bibliography for
each organization and a general bibliography are also
provided.
Keywords: Handbooks, Health, Food, Agriculture, Me-
teorology, Climatology, Natural resources, Conserva-
tion, 'Pollution abatement, Law of the Sea, 'Environ-
ment management, 'International organizations, North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, International Atomic
Energy Agency, UNESCO, Intergovernmental rela-
tions, United Nations, World Health Organization.
PB-299 270/9 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of an Electrostatic Precl-
pltator Installed on a Copper Smelter Reverber-
atory Furnace. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL
Jun 79,177p EPA/600/2-79/119
Grant EPA-R-804955
This report describes tests performed on the electro-
static precipltator installed on the copper reverber-
atory furnace at the Kennecott Copper Corporation
smelter at Hayden, Arizona. These tests provided data
on the chemical characterization of particulates, non-
condensables, and gases in addition to operating and
performance measurements of electrical parameters,
particle size, voltage-current distribution, and resistiv-
ity. Efforts were also made to develop computer simu-
lations of ESP performance and to evaluate overall
performance of the control device. The operation of
the ESP was erratic, and other unavoidable restraints
on the sampling program prevented acquisition of reli-
able data to evaluate representative performance of
the ESP. Nevertheless, analysis of the data shows the
types of Information which can be obtained In evalua-
tion of control devices If the test locations can be used
to obtain data representative of normal 'on stream' op-
erations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Furnaces, Performance evalua-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Process
charting, Design, Mathematical models, Chemical
analysis, Gas analysis, Particle size distribution, Arizo-
na, 'Copper smelters, Air pollution detection,
Hayden(Anzona).
PB-299 285/7 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH- , ,h.
Annual Summary of Technical Awareness Intne
Nonferrous Metals Industry. Final rept. 1 May 77-Ju
Apr 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. . .,„,,
E. S. Bartlett, and B. G. Koehl. Apr 79,178p EPA/600/
2-79/092
Grant EPA-R-805095-01
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-265 476.
The goal of this project was to pilot and refine methods
and procedures for maintaining current awareness o>
technology and commercial trends in the U.S. nonter-
rous metal mining and manufacturing industry, ine
principal effort resulted in the publication of six Bi-
monthly technical awareness bulletins during the tirsi
year. Items culled from the technical and trade litera-
ture were presented as news notes, brief patenta no
foreign technology abstracts, and, where the WiQe
content warranted, brief analytical summaries of pe™-
nent technology. Examples of the product are appew
ed.
Keywords: 'Technology assessment, 'Metal Industry.
'Mining, Trends, Documentation, 'Bibliographies, KOI-
lution.
PB-299 290/7 PC A17/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC. ....
Closed-Cycle Cooling Systems for Steam-Electric
Power Plants: A State-of-the-Art Manual. Final
rept. Apr-Oct 77,
Mackell, Inc., Woodbury, NJ.
D. C. Senges, H. A. Alsentzer, G. A. Englesson, M. o.
Hu, and C. Murawczyk. Jan 79, 382p* EPA/600/7-7W'
001
Contract EPA-68-02-2637
The report, in a practical manual format, gives results
of a technical review of the state-of-the-art of themw
pollution control and treatment of cooling water in tne
steam-electric power generation industry. It assesses
current, near horizon, and future technologies utilize"
or anticipated to be used with closed-cycle cooiinfl
systems. It is organized for ease of reference: uw
design and operation of closed-cycle cooling systems.
their capital and operating costs, methods of evalua-
tion and comparison, water treatment, environment"
assessment of water and non-water impacts, perrfiB
required to build and operate these cooling systems,
and benefit-cost analyses. It provides sufficient intor-
mation to allow an understanding of the major Para[J!J
eters which are important to the design, licensing, an"
operation of closed-cycle cooling systems. It wasi["*j
pared for engineers, technical managers, and federw
and state regulatory agency staffs who must evaluaw
and render judgments on the application and use 01
these systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Thermal poHjj"
tion, Forecasting, Industrial waste treatment, Assess-
ments, Design, Capitalized costs, Operating costs.
Substitutes, Technology, Electric power plants, Benei
cost analysis, Economic analysis, Performance evalu-
ation, Cooling towers, Ponds, Cooling systems,
'Closed cycle systems, 'Steam power plants, State 01
the art.
PB-299 291/5 PCA11/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., AO*
OK. .
Development of Treatment and Control Techno''
ogy for Refractory Petrochemical Wastes. Finai
rept. 2 Feb 72-28 Feb 77,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
John H. Coco, Elias Klein, Donna Howland, James H.
Mayes, and William A. Myers. Apr 79.239p* EPA/
6007 ".-79/080
Grant EPA-S-800773
This summary document presents the results of r^"
search and development work pertaining to the treai-
ment of biorefractory organic pollutants emanating
from petrochemical processing plants. Specifically. ''
covers application of the unit operations of (1) carbon
726 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
anri r?!lon' ® ?team stripping, (3) solvent extraction,
fromK'|OZ°nation to.a number of process effluents
anH "a'°9enated hydrocarbon, isocyanate, acetylene,
famerlyrene manufacturing industries. In addition to
ta£™ .uni< operation evaluations, a study was under-
UMV- . develop an activated carbon from a by-prod-
Sr»n .ch resu|ts from the manufacture of acety-
^r Quantities of raw soot were dried, pretreated,
mor,~! i ' and activated to yield a product with com-
g?1?81 Potential which had about 80 percent as much
"sorption capacity as a similar commercial product.
cS5V01rd,s: 'Petrochemical industry, 'Water pollution
traatrn lndustrial waste treatment, Activated carbon
Privl ' Steam distillation, Performance evaluation,
aanir Cnartln9, Byproducts, Adsorption, Halogen or-
vent °°.mP°unds, Cyanates, Acetylene, Styrene, Sol-
r^" extraction, Ozonation, Activated carbon, Waste
source9' ol°9ical industrial waste treatment, Point
Eton" 295/6 PC A02/MF A01
;*posur« Assessment: A Key Issue In Aquatic
!"""y. Journal article,
ntal Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Puh i^iJ-Sander8'in-1979' 15p EPA/600/J-79/024
for T Aquatic Toxicology, p271-183, from Amer. Soc.
Terh nu9 and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. Spec.
rech.Pub.667.
8tan'r?nmenta' exposure assessment, an intermediate
rnatari i ana|ysis, ties projected volumes of toxic
rnoIS i entering the environment to specific environ-
f.,"™1 effects. Thus, prediction of the environmental
Part n* ™8tllDut'Ofi of a toxic compound is an integral
ronmo ?n^ nierarchical scheme of risk analysis. Envi-
lna Cental exposure assessment is a new and emerg-
bS-f^enoe. and although some processes have not
nifcarTt quate|y characterized, tests for the most sig-
detaa Lones are available. Both screening tests and
ina th protoco|s are presently available for determin-
BtvLy!a process kinetics for selected chemicals ex-
sst un d.lfferin9 environmental conditions. The great-
ir,»i." realized potential for exposure assessment lies
ts.1 BY of mathematical models. When environmen-
s<( ~jPosure models are coupled with environmental
emll r2odels' powerful tools for risk assessment
and « '»• n sophisticated models need to be refined
acri,r ir dl however, before risk analysis becomes
Curate and cost-effective.
Stto!!£.rds: ""Toxicology, 'Exposure, 'Water pollution,
Pronart' Assessments, Risk, Distribution, Chemical
Mamf 1' Simulation, Environments, 'Toxic sub-
8»nces, Risk analysis.
pc A02/MF A01
Data to Effects, Standards, and Source
Journal article,
iences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Pur, • areen. 1978, 12p EPA/600/J-78/138
tofi ' 'n 9uallt)' Assurance Practices for Health Labora-
uneS.p329-338, 1978.
aaaln !X data are needed in many phases of air man-
1jl."ent. Air management itself involves the following
conpBf ^ Determine the effects of various pollutant
Plant ations and exposure durations on people,
ven}ra; and property. (2) Decide which effects to pro-
Weuolv Select air quality goals or standards that will
BM r,mthese effects. (4) Measure and evaluate ambi-
.
Pollutant concentrations. (5) Calculate overall
or reductions needed for an area to achieve se-
,««> ambient air quality goals. (6) Measure or esti-
(V;jrt emissions from each source type in an area. (7)
9rnh now much each source can be permitted to
90al» 8ti" achieve the desired ambient air quality
(8) SiiCons'c'er'n9 costs, social changes, and so forth.
s«,.fe|ect or develop means for achieving the neces-
•aeh roe reduction. (9) Decide the date by which
^source type should be controlled. (10) Set emis-
SJl'JJandards. (11) Enforce emission standards. (12)
Dhet«. . monitoring sources and the ambient atmos-
«ohiB, (S ensura '"at adequate air quality is being
5 2«
«ohiB,
2«veci. Air quality data are needed In Steps 1, 3, 4,
1Z- 1*ne purpose of this section Is to describe
-
now air quality data can be used to meet these
references cited provide more detailed in-
Air pollution, Standards,
in), Exposure, Air quality,
llty assurance, 'Air quality data, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB-299 297/2 PC A02/MF A01
Critical Thermal Maxima of Two Species of Es-
tuarlne Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. Everich, and J. G. Gonzales. 17 Dec 76,7p EPA/
600/J-77/160
Pub. in Marine Biology, v41 p141-145,1977.
Critical thermal maxima (CTM) were determined for
winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus,
Walbaum) and scup (Stenotomus chrysops, L), accli-
mated to ambient water temperature or constant incre-
ments above ambient. The acclimation regimes simu-
lated a natural environment by tracking the tempera-
ture fluctuations in Point Judith Pond, a small Rhode
Island estuary. An elevation in CTM from 30.2 to 35.6C
was observed for scup as the mean acclimation tem-
perature increased from 14.8 to 22.2C CTM for floun-
der increased from 26.4 to 32.4C over an acclimation
range of 4.2 to 23.0C. The use of CTM studies for pre-
dicting the effects of heated effluents is discussed.
Keywords: 'Fishes, Critical temperature, Estuaries,
Temperature, Acclimatization, Water, Point Judith
Pond, Reprints, Rhode Island, Heat tolerance, "Ther-
mal pollution, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Sten-
otomus chrysops, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB-299 298/0 PC A02/MF A01
A Continuous Flow Bloassay System for the Ex-
posure of Marine Organisms to Oil. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Jeffrey L. Hyland, Peter F. Rogerson, and George R.
Gardner. 1977,6p EPA/600/J-77/163
Pub. in Proceedings Oil Spill Conference on Preven-
tion, Behavior, Control, Cleanup, Held at New Orleans,
LA. on Mar 8-10,1977 pS47-550.
A continuous flow-through bioassay system is de-
scribed for exposing marine test organisms and their
various life stages to oil. The apparatus consists of two
principal stages-one for administering the water-ac-
commodated fractions of oil (WAF) and the second for
administering 'whole' oil fractions (WF), including the
soluble as well as nonsoluble fractions. The oil-con-
taminated effluent from the system first passes
through a chamber to skim off separated oil and finally
through a filter which lowers the oil concentration to
below one part per million (1 ppm). Short-term lethal
and chronic sublethal bioassays of several months du-
ration were conducted in the system and are summa-
rized briefly herein. Biological effects observed during
bioassays have ranged from lethal toxicity at oil con-
centrations of approximately 10 parts per million (ppm)
to sublethal behavioral modifications at approximately
10 parts per billion (ppb).
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Expo-
sure, Marine biology, Concentration(Composition), Be-
havior, 'Toxic substances, 'Oil pollution, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Biological effects, Monitoring.
PB-299 299/8 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Environmental Factors on Radlocad-
mlum Uptake by Four Species of Marine Bivalves.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
E. Jackim, G. Morrison, and R. Steele. 5 Nov 76,8p
EPA/600/J-77/158
Pub. in Marine Biology, v40 p303-308,1977.
Temperature, salinity, bottom-sediment type, and zinc
concentration all Influenced Cd uptake by 4 marine bi-
valves (Mya arenaria, Mytllus edulis, Mulinia lateralis
and Nucula proxima) in short-term static assay sys-
tems using 109Cd as a tracer. The experimental
system consisted of aquaria containing 20 1 of
seawater maintained under controlled light and tem-
perature conditions. The water contained either 5 or 20
mlcrograms/l Cd and tracer. Distribution and kinetics
of the metal were monitored In the water column and
organisms. The results demonstrate that Cd uptake
rates differed widely among the organisms tested. An
Increase In temperature Increased Cd uptake rate by
all test organisms. A decrease in salinity Increased Cd
uptake by all organisms tested. The presence of
bottom sediment depresses Cd accumulation In some
benthlc animals. Zinc in concentrations of 0.5 mg/l
substantially decreased Cd uptake by Mytllus edulis
and Mulinia lateralis. It is suggested that all important
species and environmental variables be considered
when studying heavy-metal uptake by marine orga-
nisms or when establishing water-quality criteria.
Keywords: 'Cadium, 'Toxicology, Temperature, Salin-
ity, Sediments, Zinc, Reprints,
Concentration(Composition), Radioactive isotopes,
Metals, Water pollution, Nucula proxima, 'Bioaccumu-
lation, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Mulinia lateralis,
'Toxic substances.
PB-299 300/4 PC A02/MF A01
Benzo(a)pyrene Accumulation and Depuration In
the Soft-Shell Clam ('Mya arenaria'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Eugene Jackim, and Laure Wilson. 1977,6p EPA/
600/J-77/159
Pub. in Proceedings National Shellfish Sanitation
Workshop (10th), Held at Hunt Valley, MD on June 29-
30,1977,p91-94.
Three hundred clams were placed in sediment in a
continuous flow seawater tank between March and
June. The tank was dosed with 14C labeled
benzo(a)pyrene in no. 2 fuel oil daily. Animals were re-
moved weekly and assayed for accumulation of the ra-
dioactive material. On the sixth, thirty-third and sixty-
first day of exposure animals were removed from the
dosing tank, placed in sand substrate with flowing
seawater for depuration and again monitored weekly
for remaining radioactivity. It was found that above a
large variability and fluctuation there was a gradual
trend toward increased accumulation over a 90 day
period. Depuration is moderately rapid and resembles
a first order decay curve. Biological half-life ranged be-
tween 5.5 and 9 days. The depuration rate appeared to
be somewhat slower upon prolonged accumulation.
This is compared to PNA depuration rates from field
animals.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Toxicology, 'Meetings, Mollusca,
Shellfish, Experimental data, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Pyrenes, Labeled substances, Carbon 14,
Radioactive isotopes, Exposure, 'Toxic substances,
'Depuration, 'Bioaccumulation, Mya arenaria, *Ben-
zopyrenes.
PB-299 311/1 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Environmental Implications of Trends In Agricul-
ture and Silviculture. Volume III. Regional Crop
Production Trends. Final rept.,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
Samuel G. Unger. Apr 79,202p EPA/600/3-79/047
Contract EPA-68-03-2451
See also Volume 1, PB-274 233.
This study identified and assessed, on a regional
basis, the current and emerging trends in the U.S. crop
production subsector that will have the most significant
environmental implications. Panels of agricultural spe-
cialists evaluated and rated the most significant envi-
ronmentally related trends. A primary conclusion of the
study was that the crop production sector can, with
achievable developments, realize projected 2010
moderate growth scenario production levels while con-
currently realizing enhanced environmental effects rel-
ative to current (1977) conditions.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Forestry, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Trends, Farm crops, irrigation, Livestock,
Grassland, Air pollution, Cattle, Evaluation, Systems
analysis, Management, "Silviculture, Feedlot wastes.
PB-299 325/1 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot Scale Evaluation of NOx Combustion Control
for Pulverized Coal: Phase II Final Report. Final
rept. Jun 73-Jan 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Dlv.
R. A. Brown, J. T. Kelly, and Peter Neubauer. Jun 79,
321p78/293, EPA/600/7-79/132
Contract EPA-68-02-1885
The report gives results of an Investigation of ad-
vanced NOx control techniques on a pilot scale test fa-
cility firing pulverized coal. The 440 kW pilot scale test
facility can simulate front wall, opposed, or tangentlally
fired utility and industrial boilers. Baseline and control
December 1983 727
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
technology tests were performed on three coal types
over a range of parameters. Baseline NO levels close-
ly simulated full scale results in both levels and trends
over these parameters. The primary control technol-
ogy Investigated was staging. First- and second-stage
parameters investigated include stolchiometry, excess
air, temperature, mixing, residence time, and coal com-
position. The most important first-stage parameters-
were stoichiometry and residence time. A minimum
NO level was achieved at a stoichiometric ratio be-
tween 0.75 and 0.85, depending on fuel and furnace
configuration. The first-stage residence time was also
found to be critical: the 'onger first-stage residence
times gave lower stack NO levels. To obtain NO levels
below 150 ppm, first-stage residence times of up to 3
seconds were required. Second-stage parameters
were found to be of second-order importance.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
power plants, Technology, Burners, Boilers, Furnaces.
PB-299 326/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Evaluation of the Orion Divalent Specific Ion Elec-
trode,
National Ocean Survey, Rockville, MD, Test and Eval-
uation Lab.
Gary K. Ward. Mar 79, 34p EPA/600/7-79/059
The Orion Divalent Cation Specific Ion Electrode No.
93-32 was evaluated for suitability in monitoring or In-
sltu marine applications as a magnesium Ion sensor.
The electrode was tested with three separate modules
for the following parameters: accuracy, precision, tem-
perature dependence, short- and long-term stability,
durability, sensitivity to variations in light intensity and
flow conditions, response time as a function of tem-
perature and concentration, and variability between
modules. The sensor, a 'liquid ion-exchange' type, was
evaluated at IOC and 25C in freshwater, synthetic
seawater (35-, 20- and 5-ppt salinity), and natural
waters (IAPSO Standard Seawater, Atlantic Ocean
Water and Chesapeake Bay Water). A description of
sensor, theory of operation, and a summary of the test
results are included.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Laboratory equipment,
"Magnesium, Performance evaluation, Electrodes,
Fresh water, Sea water, Design, Calibrating, Chemical
analysis, "Ion selective electrodes, Procedures.
PB-299 330/1 PC A12/MF A01
Qreeniboro-Qullford County, North Carolina Hor-
eepen Creek Interceptor, EPA Project No.
C370369-01. Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Aug 79,264p EPA/904/9-79/042
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Dept. of
Natural Resources and Community Development, Ra-
leigh. See also Draft EIS dated Sep 7B, PB-289 799.
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was pre-
pared In response to the proposed action of awarding
grant funds to Guilford County, North Carolina for the
purpose of developing a wastewater treatment system
to service the Greensboro-Guilford area of which the
Horsepen Creek Interceptor is a part. The project con-
sists of the necessary facilities to transport wastewater
from the Horsepen Creek basin to the City of Greens-
boro wastewater collection system for treatment. The
EIS provides an inventory of existing conditions in the
area, develops and evaluates alternatives for the pro-
vision of wastewater facilities, describes the selected
alternative, and provides a discussion of unavoidable
adverse impacts and potential mitigative measures.
The major issue addressed in the EIS is the potential
impact of growth induced in the EIS provision of
wastewater facilities on water quality in Lake Brandt
which is a major source of drinking water for the City of
Greensboro.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
•Sewage treatment, "North Carolina, Sewers, Horse-
pen Creek, Lake Brandt, Water quality, Potable water,
Sewage treatment plants, Greensboro(North Caroli-
na), Guilford County(North Carolina), Interceptor
sewers.
PB-299 332/7 PC Ap3/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Evaluation of Calcium Sensor* In Fresh and
Saltwater,
National Ocean Survey, Rockville, MD. Test and Eval-
uation Lab.
Gary K. Ward. Mar 79,39p EPA/600/7-79/058
The Orion Calcium Ion Electrode No. 93-20 was evalu-
ated for suitability as a calcium ion sensor for monitor-
ing or in-situ marine applications by testing for the fol-
lowing parameters: accuracy, precision, temperature
dependence, short- and long-term stability, durability,
sensitivity to fluctuations in light intensity and flow con-
ditions, response time as a function of temperature
and concentration, and variability between modules.
The tests were performed at 10 degrees C and 25 de-
grees C in freshwater, synthetic seawater, and natural
waters (35-, 20- and Sppt salinity). A description of the
sensor, theory of operation, and a summary of the test
results are included.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Laboratory equipment,
"Calcium, Sensors, Performance evaluation, Fresh
water, Sea water, Electrodes,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Sur-
face water, Salinity, Calibrating, Design, "Ion selective
electrodes, Procedures.
PB-299 336/8 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Liner Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waate
Leachate. Interim rept. no. 3,1 Jan 76-31 May 78,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
Henry E. Haxo, Jr., Robert S. Haxo, and Thomas F.
Kellogg. Jul 79,69p EPA/600/2-79/038
Contract EPA-68-03-2134
See also rept. dated Sep 76, PB-259 913.
This report is the third interim report of a project that
aims to assess the effects upon various liner materials
of extended contact with leachate from simulated sani-
tary landfills. In this part of the study, the primary expo-
sure tests of liner specimens at the bottom of simulat-
ed landfills were supplemented by immersion of 28 dif-
ferent polymeric materials in sanitary landfill leachate.
Immersed membranes were tested for changes in
physical properties, permeability, and water absorp-
tion. The results of the immersion tests generally con-
firm the earlier results for membrane liner materials ex-
posed for one year in simulated landfills. Also reported
are results of the water vapor permeability testing of 28
membrane liners, the water absorption of a series of
membranes at room temperature and at 70C, and the
retrieval and testing of samples of a 6-year old mem-
brane liner from a demonstration landfill. The monitor-
ing of the simulated landfills during 180 months of op-
eration is described and the analyses of the leachates
produced during the period of operation are summa-
rized. A simple bag test for assessing permeability and
physical properties of membrane liners for landfills Is
described and test results are presented.
Keywords: "Sanitary landfills, "Solid waste disposal,
"Linings, "Water pollution control, Leaching, Plastics,
Performance evaluation, Physical properties, Perme-
ability, Absorption, Forecasting, Membranes, Polyvinyl
chloride, Durability, Cost analysis.
PB-299 338/4 PC A13/MF A01
Progress In Waatewater Dlelnfectlon Technology.
Final rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Albert D. Venosa. Jun 79,298p EPA/600/9-79/018
Proceedings of the National Symposium held at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio on September 18-20,1978.
Rapid progress is being made in the field of
wastewater disinfection, but much more work is
needed before a design manual can be formulated. It
appears that considerable savings in chlorine usage is
possible with a well designed, optimized mixing and
contacting system. Dechlorination with sulfur dioxide is
cost-effective, but not with activated carbon or holding
lagoons. Disinfection of well oxidized, filtered second-
ary effluent is best achieved with a bubble diffuser con-
tactor and is independent of contact time. Total costs
of ozone disinfection appear to be twice the cost of
chlorine. Ultraviolet light is finally being recognized as
an extremely effective alternative disinfection process,
with costs ultimately promising to be competitive with
chlorine. Chlorine dioxide is somewhat disappointing
compared with chlorine on bench-scale analysis. Din
pilot testing should reveal the true effectiveness, very
interesting preliminary results were presented on non-
volatile organic by-product formation by chlorine,
ozone, and ultraviolet light. This report is of interest to
consulting engineers, municipalities, and research sci-
entists pursuing research in disinfection technology-
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Disinfectants, "Meet-
ings, Chlorination, Dechlorination, Toxicity, Field tests,
Lagoons(Ponds), Pilot plants, Chlorine oxides, Viruses,
Microorganisms, Particles, Ultraviolet radiation, Ozon-
ation, Coliform bacteria, Economic analysis, Organic
compounds, Substitutes, Technology, State of the art.
PB-299 344/2 PC A02/MF AOl
Accumulation of Cadmium by the American
Oyster, 'Craaaoatrea virglnlca'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, HI.
Gerald E. Zaroogian, and Sue Cheer. 1976, 4p EPA/
600/J-76/099
Pub. in Nature, v261 n5559 p408-410, 3 Jun 76.
The report demonstrates that 5 mg/l of cadmium can
be accumulated from seawater by adult oysters to
levels exceeding 13 mg/l wet weight, a level found to
cause illness in man. Bioaccumulation of cadmium
concentrations greater than 1 3 mg/l wet weight occurs
in about 40 weeks when exposed to 5 mg/l cadmium
during winter, spring and summer conditions. Oysters
accumulated more than half the total cadmium during
the summer months.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Oysters, "Toxicology, Metals.
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations.
Shellfish, Reprints, "Bioaccumulation, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Heavy metals, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB-299 34S/9 PC A02/MF A01
Viability of Embryo* of the Winter Flounder 'Peeu-
dopleuronectea amerlcanua' Expoaed to CotnDi-
natlona of Cadmium and Salinity at Selected Tem-
peratures. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, HI. .
R. A. Voyer, C. E. Wentworth, Jr., E. P. Barry, and R. J-
Hennekey. 1977, 10p EPA/600/J-77/165
Pub. in Marine Biology 44, p1 17-124 1977.
Developing eggs of the winter flounder Pseudopleur-
onectes americanus (Walbaum) were exposed to »
combinations of cadmium and salinity at 5 and 10"^
Overall mean times to 50% hatch ranged from '•'
days at 10C to 17.9 days at 5C. Mean percentages °;
total hatches ranged from 50 to 100% for all treatment
combinations. Response-surface analyses indicate
percentages of viable hatches were generally lowjf1
at 10% S and highest in the 25 to 30% S range. Re-
gression analyses of viable hatch data show that a>
both temperatures cadmium significantly influenceo
viable hatch in all experiments, viable hatch was also
significantly influenced by the linear and quadratic
effect of salinity in both tests at 5C and in 2 of 3 tests «
10C. The interaction between cadmium and salliw
also significantly affected viable hatch at 1 0C.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Metals, "Toxicology, "Cadmium.
Viability, Exposure, Eggs, Salinity, Temperature, Re-
gression analysis, Survival, Interactions, Experiment
data, Reprints, "Heavy metals, Pseudopleuronectes
americanus.
PB-299 346/7 PC A02/MF AOl
Uae of an Inert Radioactive Particle for MeaaurinB
Particle Accumulation by Filter-Feeding Bivalve
Molluaca. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. Morrison, E. Jackim, and K. Bonatti. 22 Oct 76, 7p
EPA/600/J-77/167
Pub. in Marine Biology 40, p51-55 1977.
The use of an inert, radioactively labeled microspher^
as a measure of particle accumulation (filtration actW1'
ty) by Mulinia lateralis (Say) and Mytilus edulis L. was
evaluated. Bottom sediment plus temperature and sa-
linity of the water were varied to induce changes In J"'
tration activity and thus enable us to judge the effec-
tiveness of the particles as filtration indicators. Tr»
rate of loss of radioactivity observed in Mulinia latera"*
held for several days after exposure confirmed that tnjj
particles are ingested by the organisms. The observe"
728 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
*??rences in particle accumulation and the ease of
™*llnistration and measurement combine to make the
Srii ese microspheres a valuable tool in studies
aeaung with particle distribution and accumulation.
'Mollusca, "Particles, 'Accumulation,
Mussels, Pelecypoda, Temperature, Salinity, Filtra-
?0/J-77/166
1 877 Hel9°lander Wiss Meeresunters, 30, p30-46
devof" replicate 150-1 laboratory microcosms were
£>veioped using whole water samples and natural
I communities from Narragansett Bay, Rhode
". The microcosms were scaled to the bay
ilinity, temperature, light input, volume pe-
rn ' comn>unity to area of benthic community, density
S macrofauna, turbulent mixing, and flushing time.
m«jriicroco8ms were self maintaining during a six
study period with over 35 species of phyto-
on and 30 species of macro-invertebrates.
i Z5 species of macroplankton entered the micro-
JSS?8 and successfully colonized the benthic commu-
an r?^zpoplankton were present in all life stages. After
mLln™al study of replication among the 12 tanks, the
'"""Xwsrns were perturbed with 3 levels of treated
1 sewage for a three month period. Three micro-
™ 'were maintained at each level with 3 tanks re-
as controls. At the end of 3 months, the
Input was terminated and the response of the
..V---MS was followed for an additional 2 months. Both.
ovo, ?trie8 data and multivariate statistical analysis of
UoTJ.0 different parameters indicated that the replica-
£«• «• microcosms was adequate to show the ef-
•«• of experimental treatments.
S*words: 'Benthos, 'Marine biology, 'Sewage dis-
Narragansett Bay, Invertebrates, Multivariate
"S, Time series analysis. Experimental design,
V. Fresh water, Sediments, Chlorophylls, Salt
Nutrients, Concentration(Composition),
le radiation), Comparison, Pelagic zone,
Island, Reprints, Microcosms, Ecosystems,
waste disposal, Eutrophication, Bioindicators.
PC A09/MF A01
pj^'Vjnwntal Protection Agency, Research Triangle
"". i Waste Disposal Screening Study,
JuZSP ^'P- McLean, VA.
ret"'* Galloway. Jun 79,188p EPA/450/3-79/019
^""-tEPA-ea^^eos
quest for information were used to estimate the quanti-
ty and phase characteristics of major refinery solid
waste streams. A supplementary sampling program
was described which will provide a data base for devel-
opment of an AP-42 factor for VOC emissions from re-
finery solid wastes. Solid waste control technologies
utilized by the refining industry were analyzed and de-
scribed. A listing was developed of operators involved
in the organic waste industry.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid
waste disposal, Sampling, Water pollution control, Or-
ganic wastes, Hydrocarbons, Recommendations,
Management, Processing, Petroleum industry, Esti-
mating, Tables(Data), Personnel.
PB-299 355/8 PC A17/MF A01
Lake Apopka Restoration Project, Lake and
Orange Counties, Florida. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Dec 78,379p EPA/904/9-78/027
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Dept. of En-
vironmental Regulation, Tallahassee. Water Re-
sources Restoration and Preservation Section.
Lake Apopka is a 12,500 lectare (31,000 acre) lake lo-
cated in central Florida, approximately 25 km (15 mi)
northwest of Orlando. Throughout the first half of this
century Lake Apopka contained clear water and luxur-
iant vegetation and was noted for its excellent bass
fishing. Today it is a highly eutrophic lake and experi-
ences continual algal blooms. Rough fish are now the
dominant species in the lake. The purpose of the EIS is
to meet the objectives of NEPA. The overall goal of the
project is to stop the continuing degradation of the
lake's waters and to restore Lake Apopka as a quality
natural resource. The Final EIS summarizes the Draft
EIS and addresses comments received by interested
governmental agencies, environmental groups and
concerned citizens.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Water pollution, 'Lake Apopka, 'Florida, Water qual-
ity. Natural resources. Fishes, Wildlife, Oklawaha
lakes, Standards, Eutrophication, Lake
County(Florida), Orange CountyfFlorida), Algal
blooms.
PB-299 358/2 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analytical Diffusion Model for Long Distance
Transport of Air Pollutants. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Fluid Me-
chanics Lab.
James A. Fay, and Jacob J. Rosenzweig. Jun 79,29p
EPA/600/4-79/037
Grant EPA-R-804891
A steady-state two-dimensional diffusion model suit-
ed data and data supplied to the Office of
^'"y Planning Standards in response to a 1978
averaged over a long time period (e.g., month, season,
or year) and resulting from the transport of pollutants .
for distances greater than about 100 km from the
source is described. Analytical solutions are derived
for the primary pollutant emitted from a point source
and for secondary pollutant formed from it. Depletion
effects, whether due to wet or dry deposition or chemi-
cal conversion to another species, are accounted for in
these models as first order processes. Thus, solutions
for multiple point sources may be superimposed. The
analytical theory for the dispersion of a primary pollut-
ant Is compared with the numerical predictions of a
plume trajectory model for the case of steady emission
from a point source. Good overall agreement between
the two models Is achieved. The theory for the disper-
sion of a secondary pollutant is compared with meas-
urements of the annual average sulfate concentration
in the U.S. Calculations are carried out using SO2
emissions from electric power plants in the united
States as a source inventory.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Plumes, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Diffusion coefficient,
United States, 'Atmospheric dispersion.
PB-299 370/7 Not available NTIS
Laser-Based, Long Path Monitoring of Ambient
Oases, Analysis of Two Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William A. McClenny, and George M. Russwurm. c1
Dec 77,11p EPA/600/J-78/129
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12 p1443-1453
1978.
New long path absorption techniques for measure-
ment of ambient O3 and CO have recently been dem-
onstrated using a C02 laser and a semiconductor
diode laser, respectively. For the CO2 laser system the
use of closely spaced wavelengths minimizes system
drift and simplifies the determination of ambient O3
concentrations. For the diode laser system, multlmod-
ing of commercially available diodes can cause a non-
linear response and frequency detuning can occur
unless a proper feedback network is provided. Area
monitoring, monitoring along boundaries in regional air
pollution studies and model validation are potential ap-
plications. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Press Ltd. 1978.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Carbon monoxide,
'Gas analysis. Monitoring,
Concentration(Compositlon), Semiconductor lasers,
Carbon dioxide lasers, Performance evaluation, Labo-
ratory equipment, Chemical analysis, Absorption, Re-
prints, 'Long path optical measurements, 'Laser
spectroscopy.
PB-299 371/5 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Control: Control of Fine Ps.rtleuls.te
Emissions. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. fl. Abbott, and D. C. Drehmel. 1976,5p EPA/600/J-
76/095
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, v72 n12 p47-
51 Dec 76. Presented at the AlChe National Meeting
(82nd), Atlantic City, August 30-September 1,1976.
This paper reviews the results of fine paniculate con-
trol technology tests by the Particulate Technology
Branch (PATB) of EPA^s IERL-RTP over the last 3
years. The review covers characterization of conven-
tional control equipment, assessment of the collect-
ability of dusts, and new idea evaluation and identifica-
tion. Results from electrostatic precipitator (ESP) tests
show that they can control the removal of particles
smaller than 2 micrometers better than was previously
thought. ESP field charging does not reach Its mini-
mum until well below the 1.0 micrometer size. Scrub-
bers show a dramatic decrease In efficiency as the
particle size drops. The most efficient scrubbers also
require the most energy. Fabric filters, although limited
in control abilities by the filter media, show satisfactory
effectiveness in the control of fine particles. Even
though only four novel devices are now under consid-
eration by IERL-RTP, testing on them proved success-
ful, and the future appears promising for their control
of all emitted paniculate matter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
Technology, Particles, Dust, Aerosols,' Electrostatic
precipitators, Scrubbers, Air filters, Performance eval-
uation, Reprints, Fabric filters.
PB-299 372/3 PC A02/MF A01
Stationary Source Combustion: An R/D Updats.
Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Hall, and Joshua S. Bowen. 1976,5p EPA/
600/J-76/092
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v26
n2p111-115Feb76.
The paper discusses EPA/IERL-RTP R&D, underway
since 1967, to advance combustion technology and
the abatement and control of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
and other combustion-generated pollutants from major
stationary combustion sources. The primary air pollut-
ants under consideration in the program, and for which
control by combustion modification methods is feasi-
ble, are NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, carboraceous materi-
als, particulates, and smoke. The development of Im-
proved technically feasible and coat-effective control
methods will ensure the most efficient utilization of ex-
isting and available fossil fuels, especially coal, while
simultaneously improving air quality. Technologies
being developed and evaluated under this program
should lead to environmentally acceptable utilization
of available fossil fuels in a wider range of applications
and should help ease the energy situation by allowing
December 1983 729
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
more widespread use of available fuels. To facilitate
technology transfer and most practically to communi-
cate recent combustion research results, EPA orga-
nized a three-day 'Symposium on Stationary Source
Combustion' to address current concerns of those in
the combustion field. The Symposium was held in At-
lanta, Georgia, September 24 to 26,1975.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Combustion prod-
ucts, Nitrogen oxides, Revisions, Carbon monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, Particles, Smoke, Technology, Feasi-
bility, Fossil fuels, Coal, Field tests, Surveys, Reprints,
"Stationary sources, *Air quality.
PB-299 373/1 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Advanced Technology for NOx
Control: Alternate Fuels and Fluldlzed-Bed Coal
Combustion. Journal article,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge.
J. M. Beer, and G. B. Martin. 1978, 23p EPA/600/J-
77/155
Pub. in American Inst. of Chemical Engineers Sympo-
sium Series, v75 p93-114,1977.
The paper discusses the effect of alternate fuels and
fluidized coal combustion in controlling the emission of
nitrogen oxides (NOx). The current trend in energy use
in the U.S. is toward greater use of coal and coal de-
rived fuels, and on ensuring that these fuels are pro-
duced and burned in an environmentally acceptable
manner. Three approaches are being pursued to con-
trol pollutant emissions: direct coal combustion in con-
ventional boilers with stack gas desulfurization; fluid-
bed coal combustion with desulfurization in the bed;
and conversion or cleaning to remove sulfur from the
fuel before combustion. The major pollutants to be
controlled are paniculate, sulfur oxides (SOx) and
NOx. Each approach is distinguished by its method of
SOx control, the paniculate control method also de-
pends on the specific approach. However, the tech-
niques for NOx control have a common basis for all
three approaches; that is, alterating the conditions
under which combustion takes place. Combustion
process modification is the most widely accepted
method for control of NOx from stationary sources.
Much knowledge has been accumulated on both ex-
perimental and practical systems directly fired with
coal and other fossil fuels; however, attention has only
recently turned to alternate methods for coal utiliza-
tion. For that reason, this paper emphasizes describing
available information both on emission characteristics
of cleandow sulfur) coal derived gaseous and liquid
fuels and on direct coal combustion in fluidized beds.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Fluidized bed proc-
essing, "Fuels, "Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Desulfurization, Revisions, Boil-
ers, Reprints, "Air pollution abatement, "Combustion
modification, Low sulfur fuels.
PB-299 374/9 PC A02/MF A01
Aerotherm Div.
Partlculate Control In Energy Processes: A Status
Report. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
Dennis C. Drehmel, and David E. Blake. 1976,3p
EPA/600/J-76/094
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, Dec 76
V26n12p1141-1143.
This paper presents the significant findings of the 22
papers delivered at the Paniculate Control in Energy
Processes Symposium, held in San Francisco on May
12-14, 1976. Topics of discussion included use of low
sulfur coals, electrostatic precipitators for low sulfur
coal, baghouses and scrubbers as alternatives to
ESPs for power plants using low sulfur coal, and high
temperature, high pressure energy processes. It also
summarizes the conclusions of the discussions be-
tween the speakers and the audience.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, "Electric
power plants, Coal, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrubbers, Sub-
stitutes, High temperature tests, High pressure tests,
Reprints, Low sulfur fuels, Baghouses.
PB-299 375/6 PC A02/MF A01
Coal Processing Technology: Environmental
Impact of Synthetic Fuels Development. Journal
article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. W. Petrie, W. J. Rhodes, and G. C. Page. 1979, 8p
EPA/600/J-79/023
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, v75 n6 p73-80
Jun 79. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Austin, TX.
This paper describes a portion of a comprehensive,
long term EPA program to evaluate the environmental
effects of energy systems that produce gaseous and
liquid fuels from coal. The technologies being as-
sessed include low-, medium-, and high-Btu gasifica-
tion and liquefaction. One part of the program for
which EPA/IERL-RTP is primarily responsible is the
environmental evaluation of the processes and their
discharges considering all media. The status of this
program and preliminary results are presented.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Environmental impacts,
"Pollution, Liquids, Fuels, Liquefaction, Project plan-
ning, National government, Evaluation, Monitoring,
Control, Reprints, "Synthetic fuels.
PB-299 376/4 PC A02/MF A01
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Keeping the Fly Ash out of the Stack. Journal arti-
cle,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dennis C. Drehmel, and Charles H. Gooding. 1978, 5p
EPA/600/J-78/137
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v12
n6 p661-665 Jun 78. Prepared in cooperation with Re-
search Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
This paper discusses results of tests conducted by
EPA on the efficiency of hot-side electrostatic precipi-
tators in controlling SOx and fly ash emissions from in-
dustrial boilers. In this case, Unit 3 of Duke Power
Company's Allen Steam Station was used for the
tests. Test methods used on the hot-side ESPs were
EPA sanctioned. Replicated tests were made over a 8
day period. Efficiency of the hot-side ESPs depended
on the size of the particle to be collected. Efficiency
was 99.8% at 4 micrometers; 99.5% at 8 micrometers;
and 98% at 0.6 micrometers. The average efficiency
percentage was 99.69%. Results of the tests also indi-
cated that the location of the ESP on the hot side of
the air preheater greatly increased the efficiency of
particulate collection.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Fly ash,
"Electrostatic precipitators, "Sulfur oxides, Boilers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Electric power plants, Particles, Tests,
Chimneys, Reprints.
PB-299 377/2 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reactions of Fuel Nitrogen Compounds under
Conditions of Inert Pyrolysls. Journal article,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Rocketdyne
Div.
ArthuKE. Axworthy, Victor H. Dayan, and G. Blair
Martin. 13 Mar 77,9p EPA/600/J-78/134
Pub. in Fuel Magazine, v57 p29-36 Jan 78.
The paper describes the pyrolysis of fossil fuels and
model nitrogen compounds in helium in a small quartz
plow reactor, as part of a study of the chemical mecha-
nisms involved in the conversion of fuel-nitrogen com-
pounds to nitric oxide (NO) during combustion. Hydro-
gen cyanide (HCN) was the major nitrogen-containing
product obtained in all cases, indicating that HCN is
formed during the initial pre-flame stages of combus-
tion and is the principal intermediate in the formation of
fuel NO. At a nominal residence time of 1 second, 50%
decomposition of pyrrole, quinoline, benzonitrile, and
pyridine occurs at 905, 910, 922, and 954 C, respec-
tively. The fraction of the nitrogen in pyridine that is
converted to HCN increases from 40% at 960 C to
100% at 1100 C. Benzonitrile produces similar
amounts of HCN (49 and 82%). The HCN yields from
coals and residual fuel oils increase from the range of
15-25% at 950 C to 23-42% at 1100 C. It is not possi-
ble to determine from these single-stage experiments
if most of the HCN forms in the primary pyrolysis proc-
ess or in secondary reactions.
Keywords: "Fossil fuels, "Nitrogen inorganic corn-
pounds, "Pyrolysis, "Air pollution, Combustion, Chemi-
cal reactors, Hydrogen cyanide, Nitrogen oxides, Re-
prints, "Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB-299 378/0 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Water/Residual Oil Emulsions on Air
Pollutant Emissions and Efficiency of Commercial
Boilers. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. E. Hall. 1 976, 1 0p EPA/600/ J-76/093 ,
Pub. in Jnl. of Engineering for Power, p425-434 Oct 76.
The paper gives results of tests of two commercially
available water-in-pil emulsifiers to determine the
effect of water/residual oil emulsions on air pollutant
emissions and thermal efficiency of a packaged boiler-
Of the two emulsifiers, one (Cottell reactor) used low
pressure mechanical and ultrasonic energy, and the
other (Total emulsifier) used high pressure mechanical
energy. Each emulsifier was tested at a constant oil
flow rate with varying amounts of water over a range 01
stoichiometric ratios. Water/residual oil emulsion*
from both emulsifiers significantly reduced particulate
mass. With the Cottell reactor, smoke emissions were
significantly reduced, whereas, with the Total emulsin-
er, smoke emissions increased and peaked with a zu
percent water emulsion, then decreased as water was
increased to 30 percent. Neither emulsifier had any
significant effect -on emissions of NO, SO2, or ny
when firing water/residual oil emulsions. Both emulsm-
ers were capable of improving efficiency by appro"'"
mately 2 percent under certain conditions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Emulsions, "Boilers,
Water, Residual oils, Thermal efficiency, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Nitrogen oxide(NO), Sulfur dioxide, Hydrocarbons,
Emulsifying agents, Carbon monoxide, Particles, Re-
prints.
PB-299 383/0 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Coal Cleaning "J
Achieve Energy and Environmental Goals Held ai
Hollywood, Florida on September 1978. Volume i-
Final rapt. Apr 77-Mar 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs. , OH . .
S. E. Rogers, and A. W. Lemmon, Jr. Apr 79, 647p
EPA/600/7-79/098A
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 2, PB-299 384.
The proceedings document presentations made at the
Symposium on Coal Cleaning to Achieve Energy ano
Environmental Goals, September 11-15, 1S78, in np'
lywood, Florida. The symposium provided an OPP0.1:"]
nity for mutual review and discussion of: the pft&SS-
and chemical coal cleaning programs of EPA, Dwij-j
the Electric Power Research Institute, and numerous
industrial organizations; European and Soviet P|an%.!:j,
the future; and problems of ongoing operations. > n"
proceedings include the following topics: coal charac-
teristics, coal cleaning overview, physical coal cle%!L
ing technology, environmental assessment and po|5J"
tion control technology, and chemical coal clean"]"
technology. The first three topics are covered '"
Volume I; the last two, in Volume II.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, "Meetings, Magi*
separators, Technology, Particle size distribution, U""
sulfurization, Air pollution, Trends, Froth flota]0"'
Sulfur, Separation, Crushing, Regulations, Sulfur ojo»-
ide, Economic analysis, Flue gases, Beneficiavpn.
Marketing, "Physical chemical treatment, "Air pollutw"
abatement.
PB-299 384/8 PC A25/MF *°?
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i"
angle Park, NC. M
Proceedings: Symposium on Coal Cleaning '"
Achieve Energy and Environmental Goals Held »•
Hollywood, Florida on September 1978. Volume »•
Final rept. Apr 77-Mar 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. E. Rogers, and A. W. Lemmon, Jr. Apr 79, 592p
EPA/600/7-79/098B
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 1 , PB-299 383.
730 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The proceedings document presentations made at the
symposium on Coal Cleaning to Achieve Energy and
environmental Goals, September 11-15, 1978, in Hol-
nJkt ' Flori<:!a- The symposium provided an opportu-
nity for mutual review and discussion of: the physical
?.na chemical coal cleaning programs of EPA, DOE,
SH Electric Power Research Institute, and numerous
industrial organizations; European and Soviet plans for
nrrL re; and problems of ongoing operations. The
KQceedings include the following topics: coal charac-
inn » s' coa' cleaning overview, physical coal clean-
ly technology, environmental assessment and pollu-
:™ control technology, and chemical coal cleaning
"pnnology. The first three topics are covered in
volume I; the last two, in Volume II.
'Coal preparation, 'Meetings, Assess-
, Fossil fuels, Environmental surveys, Desulfuri-
««on. Air pollution, Regulations, Standards, Technol-
Siy. Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Leaching,
| race elements, Sludges, Stability, Sulfur, Economic
r^ysis, Oxidation, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, *Air pollution abatement, Physical chemi-
<*i treatment.
PB-299 385/5 PC A07/MF A01
or , , t2al Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
f"QlePark,NC.
™n and steel Plant Open Source Fugitive Emls-
Jjon Evaluation. Final rept. Feb-Dec 78,
™we8t Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
i^atten Cowherd, Jr., Russel Bohn, and Thomas
X™clno, Jr. May 79, 1 40p EPA/600/2-79/ 1 03
^tract EPA-68-02-2609
lnne»Kep°1 9ives results of field tests aimed at increas-
tept y^NNy °t equations used to predict emission
stelj i r Open 'U9itive emission sources at iron and
-zf1 Plants. The accuracy of previously developed
tai, ,J[ons is limited by the restricted number of actual
"" ...... s. Results of 1 8
rnorf n tests of traffic-entrained dust from unpaved
(Ms w tnat .tne Previously developed equation fpr
a S 8ource predicts measured emission factors within
vaT98-" Prediction error of 16% of the mean measured
wtX An adjustment factor for the number of vehicle
j"™eis should reduce the prediction error. Limited
indL? t cnern'oa.l dust suppressants for unpaved roads
Jjrjcate a high initial control efficiency which decays
~'" Passage of vehicles. Six tests of traffic on paved
unl) trKlioate that the previous equation consistently
n " ""'Predicts emissions for paved roads in industrial
aroo his is Probably due to the effect of unpaved
Mor ad'acent to. the paved surfaces. Five tests of
for ^ P"e Backing show that the previous equation
adHi tlnuous dr°P operations can be improved by
teat, a correction factor for drop distance. Twelve
,"*» of wind erosion emissions, using a portable wind
,5''™' yielded sufficient information on the dynamics
areas erosion from Stora9e P'les and bare ground
- "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
. Stockpiles, 'Iron and steel industry, 'Roads,
i. 8| Wlncl erosion, Sources, Cargo transporta-
Maintenance, 'Emission factors, 'Fugitive emis-
7/1 PC A07/MF A01
Co«i(2mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
PoS, Led Open Cycle Magnetohydrodynamlc
Ma. Plant Emissions and Energy Efficiencies,
J^sachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
PreT Nov77' 149P MIT/EL-78/018
olnol8*1 ln cooperation with Exxon Research and En-
tering Co., Linden, NJ.
I™» study Is a review of projected emissions and
P^*Hy efficiencies of coal-fired open cycle MHD
£;:•« plants. Ideally one would like to develop empiri-
(W-based probabilistic models of MHD performance.
full.?"81'' with the lack of empirical information about
inn6" facilities this survey concentrates on model-
dS analytically developed data. Also presented are
com ons of unresolved MHD issues of importance,
JJiyprehensive lists of recent and ongoing research,
'u a bibliography of material related to emissions and
Plants"0188 coa|-fired °Pen cycle MHD power
: Efficiency, Pollution, Air pollution, Water
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Aerosols,
elements, Magnetohydrodynamic generators,
'Coal-fired MHD generators, Coal fired power plants,
Solid wastes.
PB-299 399/6 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Survey:
December 1978-January 1979. Periodic rept. Dec
78-Jan 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, T. Koger, R. McKibben, and J.
Uihlein. May 79,453p* EPA/600/7-79/022C
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also report dated Jan 79, PB-290 497.
The report is the first in a series generated by a new
computerized data base system and the first full com-
pilation (not a supplement) since the December 1977-
January 1978 report. Because the next three reports
are to be supplements, this issue should be retained
for reference throughput the year. This report differs
from the previous series in that the scope of design
data for operating flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sys-
tems is expanded, section formats are revised, and a
new section includes operational particulate scrub-
bers. The report surveys utility FGD systems in the
U.S. It summarizes information contributed by the util-
ity industry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies,
and consulting engineering firms. Systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically By development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process, waste disposal prac-
tice, and regulatory class. It presents data on system
design, fuel sulfur content, operating history, and
actual performance. It includes unit by unit dependabil-
ity parameters and discusses problems and solutions
assocjated with the boilers and FGD systems. Process
flow diagrams and FGD system economic data are ap-
pended to the report. Current data show 46 operating
FGD systems, 45 systems under construction, and 67
planned units. Projected 1988 FGD capacity is about
70,000 MW.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Boilers, Electric utilities, Coal, Sur-
veys, 'Flue gas desulfurization, Coal fired power
plants, Data compilation.
PB-299 400/2 PC A02/MF A01
A Kilometer Pathlength Fourier-Transform In-
frared System for the Study of Trace Pollutant* In
Ambient and Synthetic Atmospheres. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
E, C. Tuazon, R. A. Graham, A. M. Winer, R. R. Easton,
and P. L. Hanst. 1978,14p EPA/600/J-78/131
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12 n4 p865-875
1978. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Riverside.
A Fourier-transform infrared system, operable at path-
lengths up to 2 km, has been constructed for the de-
tection and measurement of trace contaminants in the
ambient atmosphere and in controlled smog formation
studies. The long optical path is achieved by the use of
an eight-mirror multiple reflection cell with a 22.5-m
base path. The design, construction, and use of this
novel folded-path optical system are described in
detail. In preliminary ambient air measurements at Riv-
erside, California, during the period August-October,
1976, ppb concentrations of formaldehyde, nitric acid,
formic acid and ammonia (in addition to O3 and PAN)
were measured In ambient air.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Trace elements, Infrared
spectroscopy, Smog, Design, Field tests,
Concentratlon(Composition), Formaldehyde, Nitric
acid, Formic acid, Ammonia, Ozone, Test chambers,
Nitrogen organic compounds, Reprints, 'Fourier trans-
form spectroscopy, 'Long path optical measurement,
Riverside(California), Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB-299 401/0 PC A02/MF A01
Air Monitoring Milestone*: RAPS' Field Meas-
urements are In. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Francis A. Schlermeier. 1978,9p EPA/600/J-78/127
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v12
n6p644-651,Jun78.
The background and purpose of the Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study are outlined, together with the overall study
design. To meet the objective of development and
testing of improved air quality simulation models, an
extensive and continuous set of pollutant and mete-
orological measurements, an emission inventory of
high spatial and temporal resolution, and experiments
to describe and quantify atmospheric dispersion,
transformation, and removal processes were required.
The required measurements and investigation carried
out during the conduct of the study are summarized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Research projects, Missouri,
Reprints, 'Regional air pollution study, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Air pollution monitors, RAPS program.
PB-299 402/8 PC A02/MF A01
Air Pollution Measurement by Fourier Transform
Spectroscopy,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Philip L. Hanst. 10 Oct 77,9p EPA/600/J-78/130
Pub. in Applied Optics, v17 n9 p1360-1366, 1 May 78.
Fourier transform spectroscopy substantially reduces
the limitations on infrared methods of pollution meas-
urement. EPA has used long path cells and Fourier
transform spectrometers for pollutant measurement
both in the laboratory and in the field. Labile pollutants
are best measured in the open air using folded paths of
one kilometer or more. Stable pollutants are best
measured in miniature folded-path cells after concen-
tration and separation from the main gases in the air.
Examples of ambient air pollution measurement are
given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Absorption,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Long path optical measurements, Fourier
transform spectroscopy.
PB-299 403/6 PC A02/MF A01
An Air Quality Data Analysis System for Interrelat-
ing Effects, Standards, and Needed Source Re-
ductions: Part 5. NO2 Mortality In Mice. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ralph I. Larsen, Donald E. Gardner, and David L.
Coffin. 1979, 7p EPA/600/J-79/026
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v29
n2 P133-137 Feb 79. See also N75-11483.
Mice have been exposed for durations of 6 min to 1 yr
to N02 concentrations of 0.5 to 28 ppm. Exposed mice
and control mice have then inhaled an aerosol con-
taining a lung pathogen and the excess mortality of ex-
posed mice (compared with control mice) has been
determined. A mathematical model (similar to a previ-
ously-developed model for vegetation injury) has been
developed from an analysis of the resulting data to cal-
culate expected excess mortality as a function of NO2
concentration and exposure duration. Excess mortality
was found to be proportional to NO2 concentration
multiplied by exposure duration raised to the 0.33
power. The concentration (c) expected to cause a cer-
tain mortality level (z), as a function of the hours of ex-
posure (t), can be expressed as c = 9.55(2.42)zt-0.33.
The model has been used to calculate expected
excess mortality (1.1%) if mice had inhaled the ambi-
ent NO2 concentrations measured in downtown Chi-
cago for each hour of 1974 (1 yr arithmetic mean of
0.05 ppm, the same as the present national ambient
standard). NO2 affects mice much more than It affects
men. If men were exposed to the NO2 dosages stud-
ied here, increased morbidity rather than increased
mortality would be expected.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Toxicology, Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Mathemat-
ical models, Reprints, Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Dosage,
Chicago(llllnois), 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB-299 404/4
PC A02/MF A01
December 1983 731
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Determination of Benzo(a)Pyrene and Other Po-
(ynuoltar Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Airborne Par-
Uculate Material by Ultrasonic Extraction and Re-
verse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatogra-
phy. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
C. Golden, and E. Sawicki. 28 Jul 78,14p EPA/600/J-
78/128
Pub. in Analytical Letters, A11 (12) p1051-1062 1978.
Ultrasonic extraction of airborne paniculate material
on HI-Vol filters is described. Almost all of the polar
compounds are removed during the extraction by ad-
sorption on the surface of the shredded glass fibers
and controlled pore glass powder (CPG). The non-
polar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the
extract are separated at room temperature by High
Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on reverse
phase Vydac using acetonltrile: water (70:30 v/v) as
the chromatographlc solvent. There is baseline sepa-
ration of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and of
benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and perylene,
the latter three present in one band. Extracts of air-
borne participates show the same peaks. BaP elutes in
approximately 14 minutes. Precision and accuracy
measurements Indicate full recovery of PAH and good
extraction reproducibility. The detection limit of BaP at
F 290/389 is less than 10 pa Total analysis time Is ap-
proximately 11/2 hr, most ol which is waiting time.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Aromatic polycyolic hydro-
carbons, 'Particles, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Separation, Extraction, Ultrasonic radiation, Reprints,
*Air pollution detection, High pressure liquid Chroma-
tography, Benzopyrenes, Benzofluoranthenes, Pery-
lenes.
PB-2M 405/1 PC A02/MF A01
Estimating Plume Dispersion, A Recommended
Generalized Scheme. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John S. Irwin. 1979,10p EPA/600/J-79/022
Pub. in Proceedings of the Symposium on Turbulence,
Diffusion, and Air Pollution (4th), held at Reno, NV., on
January 15-18,1979, p62-69.
A generalized scheme Is presented for estimating the
vertical and horizontal Gaussian dispersion param-
eters for point sources whose release heights are
greater than 10 meters. The scheme requires either
estimates of or measurements of the standard devi-
ation of the horizontal and vertical wind direction fluc-
tuations at the effective height of release. During un-
stable conditions, the depth of the correctively mixed
layer and the corrective velocity scale are required as
Input to the scheme. During Yieutral/stable conditions,
the scheme requires specification of the depth of sur-
face based neutral/stable layer. Provisions are made
for Incorporating the induced dispersion resulting from
buoyant plume rise and from horizontal wind direction
shear in the vertical. No provisions are made for dis-
persion induced due to terrain interaction with the
transport of the plume. The scheme incorporates the
recommendations of the AMS workshop on stability
classification schemes and sigma curves and Is sug-
gested for use in the interim while more field data is
collected upon which a more complete scheme can be
based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Plumes, Turbulent flow, Wind velocity, Stability, Re-
prints, 'Atmospheric dispersion, Gaussian plume
models.
PB-299 406/9 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Selected Silicate Minerals and
their Asbestlform Varieties by Electron Optical
and X-Ray Techniques. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John L Miller. 1978,14p EPA/600/J-78/136
Pub. in Norelco Reporter, v25 n3 pl-11 Dec 78.
Illustrations of electron micrographs showing morphol-
ogy, electron diffraction patterns, energy dispersive X-
ray spectra, and X-ray diffraction patterns of selected
silicates and their asbesttform varieties are presented
as an aid In their identification. A method for preparing
rock quarry specimens for the quantification of chryso-
ttle asbestos is described.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Asbestos, "Silicates, Elec-
tron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Electron diffraction,
Chemical analysis, Serpentine, Air pollution, Amphi-
boles, Sampling, Particles, Public health, Reprints, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB-299 429/1 PC A24/MF A01
Application of Short-term Bloassays in the Frac-
tlonation and Analysis of Complex Environmental
Mixtures,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Michael D. Waters, Stephen Nesnow, Joellen L.
Huisingh, Shahbeg S. Sandhu, and Larry Claxton. Sep
78, 566p EPA/600/9-78/027
The report is the proceedings of a symposium con-
vened at Williamsburg, Virginia February 21-23, 1978.
The volume consists of 24 formal presentations that
amplify the three major topics discussed during the
symposium: an overview of short-term bioassay sys-
tems; current methodology involving the collection and
chemical analysis of environmental samples; and cur-
rent research Involving the use of short-term bioassays
in the fractionation and analysis of complex environ-
mental mixtures. The purpose of these proceedings is
to present the state-of-the-art techniques in bioassay
and chemical analysis as applied to complex mixtures
and to foster continued advancement of this important
area of collaborative research. Complex mixtures dis-
cussed include ambient air and water, waste water,
drinking water, shale oil, synthetic fuels, automobile
exhaust, diesel paniculate, coal fly ash, cigarette
smoke condensates, and food products.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Bioassay, 'Chemical analysis,
'Environmental surveys, 'Toxicology, Sampling, Ex-
haust emissions, Shale oil, Fly ash, Smoke, Food
water, 'Toxic substances.
PB-299 434/1 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Applicability of Inspection/Mainte-
nance Tests on a Ford EEC-It Prototype. Technical
rapt,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Tom J. Penninga. Jun 79,39p 79-9, TAEB-79-9
This report presents testing results which were gath-
ered to determine the suitability of existing I/M testing
scenarios to a Ford car with computer based emission
control system. This car had a microprocessor based
three-way catalyst as well as computer controlled
spark timing, exhaust gas recirculation, charcoal can-
nlster purging, air injection, and altitude compensation.
After suitable baselines were established, various
components were made inoperative in the emission
control system. Complete FTP, HFET, New York City
Cycle, Federal Short Cycle, and I/M tests were run for
each Vehicle Condition. Methane measurements were
also taken during the later stages of the testing pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, 'test equip-
ment, Microcomputers, Timing circuits, Spark ignition,
Exhaust gases, Catalytic converters, Ford Mercury ve-
hicles, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Light duty vehi-
cles. Microprocessors.
PB-299 439/0 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chemical Kinetic Data Needs for Modeling the
Lower Troposphere. Final rept,
National Measurement Lab. (NBS), Washington, DC.
John T. Herron, Robert E. Huie, and Jimmie A.
Hodgeson. Aug 79,111p* NBS-SP-557
Library of Congress catalog card no. 79-600125. Pro-
ceedings of a Workshop held at Reston, Virginia on
May 15-17,1978. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
This is a report of the proceedings of a workshop on
chemical kinetic data needs for modeling the lower tro-
posphere, held at Reston, Virginia, May 15-17, 1978.
The meeting focussed on six key problem areas in tro-
pospheric chemistry: reactions of oleflns with hydroxyl
radicals and ozone, reactions of aldehydes, free radi-
cal reactions, reactions of oxides of nitrogen, reactions
of aromatic compounds, and reactions of oxides of
sulfur. The report includes a summary and list of major
recommendations for further work, review papers, dis-
cussion summaries, contributed comments, recom-
mendations, and an attendance list.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Troposphere, 'Reaction ki-
netics, 'Mathematical models, 'Meetings, Chemical
reactions, Ozone, Aldehydes, Free radicals, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Aldehydes, Alkene hydrocar-
bons, Aromatic compounds, Atmospheric models, no-
mogeneous reactions, Atmospheric chemistry, ny-
droxyl radicals.
PB-299 453/1 PC A02/MF A01
Advanced Electrostatic Collection Concepts. Jour-
nal article, _,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Dennis C. Drehmel. 1977,5p EPA/600/J-77/156
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v*:/
n11 p1090-1092Nov77.
This paper discusses the results of EPA's tests of five
electrostatic collection concepts over the last 4 years.
electric curtain, electrostatic scrubbing, electrostatic
fiber beds, charged droplet scrubbing, and electrostat-
ic effects on fabric filters. Of the five, electrostatic
scrubbing and those concepts using filters prove to Djj
the best collection methods. Electrostatic scrubbing
efficiency depends on the presence of an ambiem
electric field and the charge of the droplets. Chargea
droplets in an ambient electric field use only a minjrnaj
amount of energy and are more efficient at 0.5 ^°^-~L
micrometers. Collection efficiency with fabric or finer
filters depends on the medium: precharging enhances
the performance of fiber filters, making them more effi-
cient than fabric filters. The electric curtain collection
method is efficient at low velocities, but for fly ash col-
lection under stack conditions, this method is not et-
fective.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
statics, Scrubbers, Air filters, Fibers, Fly ash, Particles.
Filtration, Reprints, Changed droplet scrubbers, Elec-
trostatic fiber beds, Fabric filters. Electric curtains.
PB-299 454/9 Not available NT|S
Application of an SO2-Denuder for Continuous
Measurement of Sulfur In Submlcrometrlc Aero-
sols. Journal article, _,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC. , „
J. L. Durham, W. E. Wilson, and E. Baker Bailey. c7 Jan
77,4p EPA/600/J-78/132 ,a
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v12 p883-88619'»-
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A method is described for the continuous measure-
ment of total sulfur in submicrometric aerosols sus-
pended in air containing sulfur dioxide. The aerocoilow
is passed through a tube coated internally with leao
dioxide. The gaseous sulfur dioxide diffuses to the sur-
face of the tube and reacts irreversibly to form lead sui-
fate. The aerosol is not significantly removed in tne
tube. The total sulfur in the aerosol is determined by f
hydrogen-air flame photometric detector. A sulfur bal-
ance has been demonstrated for the sulfur dioxide-
ozone-olefin reaction system, which produces aero-
sols containing sulfur. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Press
Ltd. 1978.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, 'Sulfur, 'Aer-
osols, Sulfur dioxide, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Flame pho-
tometry, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-299 455/6 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Aroclor (Trade Name) 1248 and 1260 on
the Fathead Minnow ('Plmephales promelas)-
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. L. Defoe, G. D. Veith, and R. W. Carlson. 11 Apr 78,
9pEPA/600/J-78/135 .
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board °'
Canada, v35 n7 p997-1002 1978. Summary in Frencn.
Fathead minnows were exposed *2
AroclorfTrademark) 1248 and 1260 in flow-throUS"
bioassays to determine the acute (30-d) and chronic
(240-d life cycle) effects on the larvae and adults, »
well as the bioconcentration of the mixtures of PCBs in
the fish. Newly hatched larvae (<8 h old) were trw
most sensitive; the calculated 30-d LC50 was 4.7 (W
732 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
crograms/L for Aroclor 1248 and 3.3 micrograms/ L for
woclor 1260. Reproduction in fathead minnows oc-
curred at concentrations as high as 3 micrograms/L
'"Aroclor 1248 and 2.1 micrograms/L for Aroclor
'«o, concentrations that significantly affected larval
survival. The 20% reduction in the standing crop in the
second-generation fish at concentrations as low as 0.4
micrograms/L was due to the death of the larvae soon
aner hatching. The bioconcentration factor for PCBs
was independent of the PCB concentration in the
water; in adult females at 25C it was 1.2 x 1000000 for
«roclor 1248 and 2.7 x 1000000 for Aroclor 1260. Fe-
jna es accumulated about twice as much PCBs as the
males because of the greater amount of lipid in the
rernala. Exposed fish placed in untreated Lake Superi-
or water eliminated < 18% of the body burden after 60
Keywords-. 'Fishes, 'Minnows, •Toxicology, Bioas-
5?»si Experimental data, Larvae,
J-'Oncentratjon(Composition), Males, Females, Water
Pollution, 'Toxic substances, Pol/chlorinated biphen-
*5' 'Bioaccumulation, * Water pollution
wects(Animals).
PB-299 468/0 PC A02/MF A01
*fAs View of the Oxldant Problem In Houston.
Journal article,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
°asil Dlmitriades. 1978,5p EPA/600/J-78/133
n6j' Envirahmental Science and Technology, v12
On the basis of previous laboratory and field studies,
tho* Environmental Protection Agency proposed
nat ozone, and not other oxldants, is responsible for a
™0f portion of the health problems associated with
Pnotochemical oxldants in the Houston area.
Bywords: *Air pollution, *0zone, Oxldlzers, Texas,
nBprints, *Houaton(Texas), Photochemical oxldants.
PB-299 459/9 pc A02/MF A01
gtforofiuoromethanea: Their Thermal Stability In
S^ftaO through Clgerettes,
^wonmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Trl-
a"8ePark,NC.
im? L-Hans'. John W. Spence, and Frank R. Clay.
J9jB,7p EPA/600/J-78/126
ru». In Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 39 p772-776 Sep 78.
I98ts have been carried out to determine whether
wiorofiuoromethanes in air are appreciably decom-
t™ i on Passing through lighted cigarettes. Fourier
>ilJPrrn li'rared spectroscopy was used to see If
or CHCIF2 might yield COCI2, COCIF, or COF2.
BUO °* *nese decomposition products was seen,
ann thou9n measurement sensitivity was high
", puflh to reveal a conversion of one one-thousandth
"'tnf starting material. It is concluded that chlorofluor-
arh pollutants in room air do not pose any great-
w health hazard to smoKers than to non-smokers.
i Lab., Research Tri-
s: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, 'Thermal sta-
f. Chemical analysis, Public health, Decomposition,
yl compounds, Infrared spectroscopy, Halogen
compounds, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution,
. -.Oaret1es, Methane/chloro-difluoro, Methane/
yuoro-trichloro, *Air pollution detection, Fourier trans-
orrn spectroscopy.
PB-299 460/6 PC A02/MF A01
.'"f Particle Control Technology: Conventional
«na Novel Devices. Journal article,
"raustrial Environmental Research Li
S.nQlePark,NC.
"ennis C. Drehmel. 1977,5p EPA/600/J-77/157
J""b. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v27
ft2P138-140Feb77.
fin paRer reviews the development of technology in
J"e Particle control. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs),
grubbers, fabric filters, and novel devices were as-
?»ssed to determine their efficiency. ESPs were found
™ be excellent in controlling fine particles: with an effi-
. 2?n°y of 95%. Scrubbers were found to be less effi-
'snt than ESPs, primarily when the particle size de-
Ceased: efficiency became lower than 50% at 0.5 mi-
J-jometers. Fabric filters proved to be a good method
"'collection, showing greater than 95% efficiency for
Articles between .3 and 4 micrometers. Fabric filters
°nowed less ability, however, at handling high tern-
peratures or corrosive gas streams. Nine novel de-
vices were tested: most showed good control of small-
er particles. One problem with the novel devices was
their excessive use of energy. They would, however,
be efficient particle collectors where waste heat is
available in large amounts.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
Particles, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrubbers, Air fil-
ters, Performance evaluation, Assessments, Technol-
ogy, 'Stationary sources, Fabric filters.
PB-299 461/4 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Mercury Contamination Standards for Marine En-
vironments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler. 1978,36p EPA/600/J-78/145
Pub. in Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic
Systems, Series 48, p24l-272 1978. Also available as
CONF-77114. Prepared in cooperation with Savannah
River Ecology Lab., Aiken, SC. Sponsored in part by
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Selected technical literature on biological and ecologi-
cal effects of mercury compounds on marine and es-
tuarine biota is reviewed. Potential and actual hazards
to public health through marine vectors are consid-
ered. Within this framework, approaches for establish-
ing mercury contamination standards in saline environ-
ments are presented.
Keywords: 'Mercury, 'Toxicology, Water quality,
Standards, Reprints, Ecology, Marine biology, Environ-
ments, Biological effects, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB-299 462/2 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Sediment In Copper Toxlclty Teat*
with the Polychaete 'Neanthea arenaceodentat*'.
journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Carol E. Pesch, and Douglas Morgan. 4 May 78, 7p
EPA/600/J-78/142
Pub. in Water Research, v12 p747-751 1978.
Adult male Neanthes arenaceodentata were exposed
to measured concentrations of 0.04, 0.06, 0.10, 0.16
and 0.26 mgl-1 Cu In a continuous-flow bloassay
system, with and without a clean sand, to assess the
Influence of sand on Cu Induced mortality. The pres-
ence of sand did affect the results. The 28-day LC50
was lower for polychaetes exposed without sand than
those with sand, 0.044 and 0.10 mgl-1 Cu, respective-
ly. The reasons for this difference are discussed.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, Sediments,
Exposure, Concentratlon(Composition), Bloassay, Re-
prints, Mortality, 'Toxic substances, Neanthes arena-
ceodentata, Polychaeta.
PB-299 464/8 PC A02/MF A01
'Crassostrea vlrglnlca' as an Indicator of Lead
Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. E. Zaroogian, G. Morrison, and J. F. Heltshe. 16 Feb
79,10p EPA/600/J-79/028
Pub. in Marine Biology, v52 (2) p189-196 1979.
After treatment with 1.0 and 3.3 micrograms Pb kg-1
for 20 weeks in flowing seawater at ambient salinity
and temperature, Crassostrea virginica accumulated
as much as 6.57 and 11.42 micrograms g-1 dry weight,
respectively, and no mortalities were recorded. Lead
uptake was curvilinear; however, the general trend
was an increase in lead concentration over time. Dry
weight of the oyster had no significant relation with
tissue lead concentration (micrograms g-1); however,
a significant positive relationship existed between
weight and lead content (micrograms). A decrease in
lead concentration in the tissues occurred from mid-
August to mid-September despite continuous addition
of lead to the seawater. Addition of lead to the
seawater was terminated after 20 weeks (October),
and lead loss was studied for the following 12 weeks.
Lead loss was studied well after spawning in an at-
tempt to eliminate any influence this might have on
lead concentration in the tissues. After 4 weeks, ap-
proximately 54% of the accumulated lead was lost
under conditions of a natural temperature decline. The
biological half-life of lead in c. virginica tissues was cal-
culated to be 5.5 weeks. In the ensuing 8 weeks, little
or no lead loss was observed. Larvae from each treat-
ment developed to the straight-hinged stage within 48
h with no apparent abnormalities. Lead appeared to
have no adverse effect on larvae when parents had
been treated with 1.0 and 3.3 micrograms kg-1
seawater for 10 weeks.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Lead(Metal), Mollusca, Shell-
fish, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Uptake,
Tissues(Biology), Seasonal variations, Water pollution,
Indicator species, 'Bioindicators, 'Crassostrea virgin-
ica, Bioaccumulation, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Heavy metals.
PB-299 465/5 PC A02/MF A01
Technique for Removal of Dissolved and Dis-
persed Hydrocarbons from Bloassay Effluents.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Willard S. Moore, Jeffrey L. Hyland, Brian D. Melzian,
Walter Galloway, and Peter Rogerson. 28 Nov 77,4p
EPA/600/J-78/143
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v12
n5 p595-596 May 78. Prepared in cooperation with
South Carolina Univ., Columbia.
A method for the efficient removal of petroleum-de-
rived hydrocarbons from the oil-contaminated effluent
of a continuous flow-through oil bioassay system is de-
scribed. The concentration of No. 2 fuel oil in the efflu-
ent, discharged at rates from 17 to 26 L/min, is re-
duced from an average of 17 to approximately 1 ppm
by passing the water through acrylic fibers.
Keywords: 'Effluents, 'Hydrocarbons, Bloassay,
Methodology, Adsorption, Reprints, 'Oil pollution re-
moval.
PB-299 466/3 PC A03/MF A01
Toxic Cation* and Marina Biota: Analyst* of Re-
March Effort during th» Thra* Yaar Period 1974-
1976. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler. 1979,40p EPA/600/J-79/030, ISBN-0-
12-718260-8
Pub. In Vernberg, et. al. eds, Marine Pollution-Func-
tional Responses, Academic Press, Inc., NY., p11l-
1491979.
Available technical articles published during 1974,
1975, and 1976 on effects of heavy metals and toxic
cations upon estuarlne and marine flora and fauna
were reviewed. For all articles, research effort generat-
ed by toxicant, by response parameter, and by major
Indicator organism assemblage was tabulated for field
Investigations and for laboratory studies. Most of the
effort during this period was restricted to S metals (Zn,
Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb) and 4 Indicator groups (molluscs, tele-
costs, crustacean, algae). Laboratory Investigators de-
voted a major portion of their workload to uptake, re-
tention, and translocatlon studies, followed by studies
on survival, on growth and development, reproduction,
food chain transfer, behavior, respiration, body fluid
chemistry, histology, and others, In that sequence. Re-
sults of field studies were confined almost exclusively
tion and accompanying blotic and abiotic modifiers.
Apparent limitations and deficiencies of current proj-
ects on biological effects assessment of metals and
toxic cations in marine environments were presented
and discussed. Suggestions were offered on direction
and emphasis of future research in this subject area.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bibliographies, 'Metals, 'Ca-
tions, Estuaries, Marine biology, Reprints, Zinc, Mer-
cury, Copper, Cadmium, LeadfMetal), Charged parti-
cles, Ions, 'Toxic substances, 'Heavy metals.
PB-299 467/1 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlcologlcal Comparison of Natural and Cultured
Populations of Aractla tonsa to Cadmium, Copper,
and Mercury. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. O. Sosnowski, and J. H. Gentile. Oct 78, 7p EPA/
600/J-78/147
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v35 n10 p1366-1369 1978.
Cultured Acartia tonsa manifested a reproducible toxi-
cologies! response through six generations. There
were no statistically significant differences in the re-
sponses of F1 and F6 generations to cadmium,
copper, and mercury. Cultured and field populations
December 1983 733
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(parental) exposed to cadmium did not manifest statis-
tically different response patterns. The response vari-
ability of cultured populations was less than that of
field populations, the 96-h LC50 concentrations for
cultured (F1) populations were 90 microgram Cd/L, 31
microgram Cu/L, and 10 microgram Hg/L. The pres-
ence and abundance of ova and unicellular glands in
the circumesophogeal region were used as criteria for
evaluating the nutritional condition of test populations.
Keywords: 'Metals, "Cadmium, 'Copper, 'Mercury,
'Toxicology, Lethal dosage, Reprints, Comparison,
Responses, Bioassay, Concentration(Composition),
Histology, Cultures(Biology), "Aractia tonsa, 'Heavy
metals, 'Toxic substances.
PB-299 468/9 PC A02/MF A01
Recent Blogenlc Phosphorite: Concretions In Mol-
lusk Kidneys. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Larry J. Doyle, Norman J. Blaka, C. C. Woo, and Paul
Yevich. 28 Nov 77,6p EPA/600/J-78/146
Pub. In Science, V199 p1431-1433, 31 Mar 78. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville,
and Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA.
Phosphorite concretions have been detected In the
kidneys of two widespread species of mollusks. Mer-
cenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians, which
have relatively high population densities. These con-
cretions are the first documentation of the direct bio-
genie formation of phosphorite grains. The concretions
are principally amorphous calcium phosphate, which
upon being heated yields an x-ray diffraction pattern
which is essentially that of chlorapatite. These concre-
tions appear to be a normal formation of the excretory
process of mollusks under reproductive, environmen-
tal, or pollutant-induced stress. Biogenic production of
phosphorite concretions over long periods of time and
diagenetic change from amorphous to crystalline
structure, coupled with secondary enrichment, may ac-
count for the formation of some marine phosphorite
deposits which are not easily explained by the chemi-
cal precipitation-replacement hypothesis.
Keywords: 'Kidneys, 'Mollusca, Inorganic phos-
phates, Clams, Physiology, Shellfish, Reprints, 'Phos-
phate rock, Mercenaria mercenaria, Argopecten Irra-
dians.
PB-299 479/6 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Review.
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for
New Source Fossil Fueled Steam Electric Gener-
ating Stations Final rept.,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
David B. Boies, D. Keith Whitenight, Raymond B.
Bogardus, and Frank Parker. Jul 79,153p* 613/A,
EPA/130/6-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4157
The report provides guidance for evaluating the envi-
ronmental impacts of a proposed fossil fueled steam
electric generating station requiring a new source Na-
tional Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit from the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to discharge wastewater to the naviga-
ble waters of the U.S. The guidelines are Intended to
assist in the identification of potential impacts, and the
information requirements for evaluating such impacts,
in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). An EIA
is a document prepared for EPA by a new source
permit applicant; it is used by the Agency to determine
if the preparation of an Environmental Impact State-
ment (Els) is warranted for the proposed facility. The
report includes guidance on (1) identification of poten-
tial wastewater effluents, air emissions, and solid
wastes from fossil fueled steam electric generating
stations, (2) assessment of the impacts of such residu-
als on the quality of the environment, (3) state-of-the-
art technology for in-process and end-of-process con-
trol of waste streams, (4) evaluation of alternatives,
and (5) environmental regulations that apply to the in-
dustry. In addition, the guidelines include an 'overview'
chapter that gives a general description of the fossil
fuel power industry, significant problems associated
with it, and recent trends in location, raw materials,
processes, pollution control, and the demand for in-
dustry output.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, "Guidelines, Elec-
tric power plants, Assessments, Air pollution, Technol-
ogy, Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Environmental surveys, Regulations, Standards,
Trends, Sites, Transportation, Mathematical models,
Solid waste disposal, Noise pollution, Water pollution,
'Steam power plants, Air quality, State of the art, Solid
wastes.
PB-299 566/0 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of a High-Velocity Fabric Filtration
System Used to Control Fly Ash Emissions. Final
rept. Dec 76-Dec 77,
Enviro-Systems and Research, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
J. D. McKenna, J. C. Mycock, K. D. Brandt, and J. F.
Szalay. Apr 79,117p EPA/600/7-79/094
Contract EPA-68-02-2148
The report gives results of a full-scale investigation
(following a pilot plant study) of applying high-velocity
fabric filtration to coal-fired boiler fly ash control. Two
filter systems were applied separately to two 60,000 Ib
steam/hr coal-fired boilers. Performance evaluated
over a year included total mass removal efficiency and
fractional efficiencies. One filter system used Teflon
felt as the filter medium; the other used Gore-Tex, a
PTFE laminate on PTFE woven backing. During the
year, a limited number of glass felt and woven glass
bags were introduced into the house containing Gore-
Tex. Installed, operating, and annualized costs were
computed for five filter media (Teflon felt, Gore-Tex
PTFE laminate, two weights of woven glass, and a
felted glass fabric) in a fabric filter systems capable of
handling 70,000 acfm. The lighter weight woven glass
fabric is the least expensive filter medium overall and
(assuming that a 4-year bag life is feasible) this makes
fabric filtration an economically attractive alternative to
electrostatic precipitation. The 15 oz woven glass
fabric had a projected annualized cost of $0.36/acfm
at an air-to-cloth ratio of 5.8/1.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Fly ash,
'Boilers, Air filters, Assessments, Pilot plants, Industri-
al wastes, Technology, Combustion products, Cost
analysis, Operating costs, Design criteria, Forecasting,
'Fabric filters, Bagnouses.
PB-299 572/8 PC A04/MF A01
Status of Oxygen-Activated Sludge Wastewater
Treatment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 77,52p EPA/625/4-77/003A
This publication provides an updated status report on
the number and type of oxygen-activated sludge facili-
ties in operation, under construction, and being de-
signed. It describes in detail the latest EPA supported
oxygenation research and demonstration project, an
evaluation of the RAD version of the open realtor
system being carried out at the Metropolitan Denver,
Colorado Sewage Treatment Plant. Several on-line
oxygen wastewater treatment systems are summa-
rized as to their design, operating, and performance.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Oxygenation, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Process charting.
PB-299 574/4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of OH Shale Mining and
Processing. Part III - The Water Quality of Pl-
ceance Creek, Colorado, Prior to Oil Shale Proc-
essing. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. K. Skogerboe, C. S. Lavalle, M. M. Miller, and D. L.
Dick. May 79,71 p EPA/600/3-79/055
Contract EPA-R-803950
See also Part 1, PB-289 874.
Water quality data have been collected at seven sites
along Piceance Creek and at one site each along
Stewart, Black Sulphur, and Yellow Creeks in the Pi-
ceance Basin, Colorado, during 1975-1977. Piceance,
Stewart, and Yellow Creeks may be perturbed by oil
shale industry activities on the two tracts, C-a and C-b,
currently under development. The preoperational
water quality is generally poor due to higher levels of
dissolved solids, manganese, and both dissolved and
suspended iron. It further declined farther downstream
primarily due to influxes from groundwater aquifers in
contact with soluble mineral beds. The levels of alumi-
num, cadmium, chromium, lead, and boron were below
the detection limits of the analysis method used.
These were typically below the permissible levels set
for aquatic life by factors of 5-10. The levels of copper.
zinc, arsenic, selenium, and mercury were usually
measurable but still below permissible.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Water quality,
'Piceance Creek, 'Oil shale, Metals, Chemical equilib-
rium, Sampling, Monitoring, Piceance Basin, Stewart
Creek, Black Sulphur Creek, Yellow Creek, Colorado,
Energy source development.
PB-299 575/1 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Sulfur Measurements. Final rept. Jan 76-Dec
78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
J. W. Hamersma, and M. L. Kraft. Jul 79,76p* EPA/
600/7-79/150
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report describes a new technique for sulfur forms
analysis based on low-temperature oxygen plasma
ashing. The technique involves analyzing the low-tem-
perature plasma ash by modified ASTM techniques
after selectively removing the organic material. The
procedure has been tested on 25 coals and compared
with ASTM analyses with excellent results. The data
indicate that it is significantly more accurate and pre-
cise than ASTM D2492. A separate set of experiments
showed that it is also feasible to determine organic
sulfur directly by trapping SOx in the plasma ash efflu-
ent. Development of the latter procedure was beyond
the scope of the task.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, 'Plasmas(Physics), 'Oxidation, 'Sulfur organ-
ic compounds, Sorbents, Samples, Solvent extraction,
Air pollution, Sulfur oxides, Gravimetric analysis,
Ashes. Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution abatement
'Chemical treatment, 'Low sulfur fuels.
PB-299 581 /9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Choosing Optimum Financial Strategies: Pollution
Control Systems,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
C. Marshall, and J. Commins. Oct 78,65p* EPA/625/
3-76/005A
See also report dated Jun 76, PB-259 443.
The report alerts decision makers to qualifications for
and availability of financial assistance from federal,
state and local governments, and illustrates that it »
well worth the time to analyze the special methods> or
financing pollution control expenditures and the avails'
ble tax treatments. Obtaining optimum financing ana
tax benefits could save a company tens of thousands
of dollars over the life of the equipment.
Keywords: "Financing, 'Water pollution, 'Abatement,
Pollution, Amortization, Depreciation, Cash flow.
Income taxes, Banking business, Finance, Present
worth, Government policies, Incentives, Equipment,
Leasing, Waste water, Water treatment, Cost engi-
neering, 'Pollution control, Pollution control equip-
ment, Loans, Bonds(Finance).
PB-299 583/5 PC A11 /MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. .,
Health Effects of Aerosols Emitted from an Acti-
vated Sludge Plant, , ,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School or
Public Health.
B. Carnow, R. Northrop, R. Wadden, S. Rosenbert,
and J. Holden. May 79, 234p EPA/600/1-79/019
Grant EPA-R-805003
That infectious agents are emitted into the atmosphere
during the aeration phase of sewage treatment is we"
established in the literature, but it is not well document-
ed that the emissions of particles containing bacteria
and viruses are hazardous to the health of persons re-
siding near the plant site. This study was designed to
determine whether or not the health of persons ex-
posed to aerosols emitted by a sewage treatmeni
plant is significantly different from persons living ln
lesser exposed areas around the plant site.
734 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Aerosols, 'Activated sludge process,
sewage treatment, Air pollution, Infectious diseases,
Metals, Gases, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Viruses, En-
vironmental health, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB-299 585/0 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Choosing Optimum Management Strategies for
Pollution Control.
JACACorp., Fort Washington, PA.
May 77, 62p EPA/625/3-77/008
This seminar publication is addressed to managers
ana supervisors who have some responsibility for their
Plant's pollution control measures. The information
ana guidance provided to these decision personnel
"I6 drawn from case histories of working plants and in-
ciucJe laws, regulations, management relationship to
Parties outside the company, and development of a
Pollution control program.
Bywords: 'Management engineering, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Regulations,
J-aw{Jurisprudence), Consulting services, Pollution
control.
PB-299 593/4 PC A07/MF A01
wudge Treatment and Disposal. Volume 1. Sludge
Treatment.
environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
00178, 148p' EPA/625/4-78/012-VOL-1
*ee also Volume 2, PB-299 594.
This two volume set presents in detail technical design
formation for the following sludge treatment and dis-
posal processes: lime stabilization, anaerobic diges-
fl?n£. aerODic digestion, thermal sludge conditioning,
"nickening, dewatering, and landlilling. The discussion
«J« i Process includes, where possible, a presenta-
"on of performance data for existing operations as well
™ operation and maintenance experiences and
energy and cost information. Each chapter includes
we or more design examples to illustrate step-by-
?*P. the philosophy, rationale, and methodology
oertmd the design of the particular process.
s: "Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal, Mu-
s, Calcium oxides, Anaerobic processes,
stion(Decomposition), Thickening, Dewatering,
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Mainte-
h nt research and development is to produce
th= , °9y alternatives which can be used to prepare
"If s|udge for application to the land or for one of the
Conversion processes so that the total cost of handling
Dr disposal is minimized.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal, In-
"nerators, Pyrolysis, Settling, Performance evaluation,
Jjaintenanoe, Design criteria, Composts, Earth fills,
paste water, Solid waste disposal. 'Land application,
energy utilization, Alternative planning.
F.B-299 602/3 PC A09/MF A01
f-wironmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
"-ates National Program Office.
Applicability of Land Treatment of Wastewater In
the Great Lakes Area Basin: Effectiveness of
Sandy Soils at Muskegon County, Michigan, for
Renovating Wastewater. Final rept. Apr 72-Jun 76,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
B. G. Ellis, A. E. Erickson, A. R. Wolcott, B. D. Knezek,
and J. M. Tiedje. May 79,186p EPA/905/9-79/006B,,
EPA/MCD-55
Grant EPA-G-005104
See also report dated May 79, PB-299 657. Sponsored
in part by Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lan-
sing. Water Resources Commission.
The Muskegon County Wastewater Management
System is a lagoon impoundment, spray irrigation fa-
cility which treats about 102,000 cubic meters of
wastewater per day and irrigates 2,160 hectares of
corn land. About 60% of the flow is industrial. Data
was collected over a three year period to determine
the changes from background conditions of the native
infertile sandy soil as wastewater was irrigated and
crops grown. Data analyzed include major crop nutri-
ent elements and heavy metals, the soil physical prop-
erties and electron capturing organic chemical spe-
cies. The knowledge gained was used to estimate the
useful life of the system for removing critical contami-
nants such as phosphorus and metals relative to the
amounts of contaminants and wastewater applied.
' orus can be removed
by soils and crops for at least fifty years. Removals of
trace organics from the wastewater occurred in stor-
age lagoons and as the water passed through the soil
mantle, however, with partial pass through of certain
organics occurring when the wastewater application
rate was excessive. This system apparently became
more effective with time in removing many of these
trace organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Corn
plants, LagoonsfPonds), Waste water reuse, Nutrients,
Metals, Soil properties, Concentration(Composition),
Soil texture, Effectiveness, Removal, Trace elements,
Michigan, Muskegon County(Michigan), 'Land appli-
cation, Heavy metals, Sewage irrigation.
PB-299 608-SET PC E07
Alternatives for Small Wastewater Treatment Sys-
tems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct77,238p-in3v
Set Includes PB-299 609 thru PB-299 611.
No abstract available.
PB-299 609/8 PC A05/MF A01
Alternatives for Small Wastewater Treatment Sys-
tems. 1. On-Slte Dlsposal/Septage Treatment and
Disposal. Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 77, 97p EPA/625/4-77/011-VOL-1
See also Part 2, PB-299 610.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-299 608-
The report discusses on-slte disposal systems for
small wastewater flows.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Sites, Waste water, Sewers, Pressure, Sanitary
sewers, Cost effectiveness, Vacuum, Communities,
Soil properties. Percolation, Land use, Aerobic proper-
ties, Digestion(Decomposition), 'Pressure sewers,
'Small communities, 'Vacuum sewers, 'Alternative
planning, Land application.
PB-299 610/6 PC A06/MF A01
Alternatives for Small Wastewater Treatment Sys-
tems. 2. Pressure Sewers/Vacuum Sewera. Tech-
nology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 77,104p EPA/625/4-77/011-VOL-2
See also Part 1, PB-299 609 and Part 3, PB-299 611.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-299 608-
Volume 2 describes pressure sewers and vacuum
sewers.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Systems analysis, Design, Construction, Operations,
Maintenance, Vacuum, Cost comparison, Friction,
Fluid flow, Pumps, 'Alternative planning, 'Small com-
munities, 'Pressure sewers, 'Vacuum sewers.
PB-299 611/4 PCA03/MFA01
Alternatives for Small Wastewater Treatment Sys-
tems. 3. Cost/Effectiveness Analysis. Technology
transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Oct 77, 37p EPA/625/4-77/011-VOL-3
See also Part 2, PB-299 610.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E07, PB-299 608-
Volume 3 presents specific information pertinent to the
cost/effectiveness analysis of sewerage systems for
small communities and rural residential areas.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Sites, Cost effectiveness. Field tests, Climate, Soils,
Hydrogeology, Evaluation, Feasibility, Communities,
Rural areas, Septic tanks, 'Alternative planning,
'Small Communities.
PB-299 612-SET PC EOS
Pollution Abatement In the Fruit and Vegetable In-
dustry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 77,328p-in 3v
Set includes PB-299 613 thru PB-299 615.
No abstract available.
PB-299 613/0 PC A06/MF A01
Pollution Abatement In the Fruit and Vegetable In-
dustry. 1. Basics of Pollution Control/Case Histor-
ies. Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 77,108p EPA/625/3-77/0007-VOL-1
See also Part 2, PB-299 614.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC EOS, PB-299 612-
SET.
The first volume explains the basics of pollution control
and presents case histories from the fruit and vegeta-
ble industry,
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Food industry,
'Vegetables, 'Fruits, Sampling, Technology, Water
treatment, Process charting, Performance evaluation,
Management planning, Land disposal.
PB-299 614/8 PC A07/MF A01
Pollution Abatement In the Fruit and Vegetable In-
dustry. 2. In-Plant Control of Process Wastewater.
Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 77,128p EPA/625/3-77/0007-VOL-2
See also Part 1, PB-299 613 and Part 3, PB-299 615.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC £08, PB-299 612-
Volume 2 discusses in-plant control of process
wastewater encompassing analysis of plant process-
es, factors influencing waste generation, and in-plant
modifications and effects.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Food industry,
'Vegetables, 'Fruits, P^ess charting, Performance
evaluation, Food processing, Management planning,
Equipment, Revisions.
PB-299 615/5 PC A05/MF A01
Pollution Abatement In the Fruit and Vegetable In-
dustry. 3. Wastewater Treatment. Technology
transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Jul 77,92p EPA/625/3-77/0007-VOL-3
See also Part 2, PB-299 614.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC EOS, PB-299 612-
SET.
Volume 3 offers a general understanding of
wastewater treatment technology that will enable fruit
and vegetable processors to deal more effectively with
December 1983 735
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
regulatory agencies and their own waste disposal situ-
ations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Food industry,
"Vegetables, 'Fruits, Technology, Regulations, Cost
analysis, Solid waste disposal, Management planning,
Land disposal, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB-299 65S/1 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Process Design Manual for Land Treatment of
Municipal Wastewater.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
Oct77, 596p* EPA/625/1-77/008
Contract EPA-68-01-3387
Sponsored in part by Corps of Engineers, Washington,
DC., and Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
This manual describes the basic principles of land
treatment and presents a rational procedure for design
of land treatment systems. Information contained in
this manual can be used in identifying alternatives
during planning, in selecting a process alternative or
site, in determining necessary field investigations, and
in conducting the process design. Slow rate, rapid infil-
tration, and overland flow processes for the treatment
of municipal wastewater are given emphasis.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipal-
ities, Manuals, Design, Planning, Site surveys, Field
tests, Process control, Flow rate, Waste water reuse,
Ground water, Permeability, Fluid Infiltration, Time,
Performance evaluation, Cost comparison, Soil prop-
erties, Water storage, Hydraulic conductivity, Patho-
gens, Mathematical models, Environmental impacts,
Metals, Farm crops, 'Land application, Sewage Irriga-
tion, 'Alternative planning, Overland flow, Small
sewage treatment systems.
PB-2S9 657/7 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Applicability of Land Treatment of Wastewater In
the Great Lakes Area Basin: Impact of
Wastewater Diversion, Spray Irrigation on Water
Quality In the Muskegon County, Michigan Lakes.
Final rept. Apr 72-Jun 76,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
P. L Freedman, R. P. Canale, and M. T. Auer. May 79,
278p EPA/905/9-79/006A,, EPA/MCD-56
Grant EPA-G-005104
See also report dated May 79, PB-299 602. Sponsored
In part by Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lan-
sing. Water Resources Commission.
The Muskegon County Wastewater Management
System Is a lagoon impoundment, spray Irrigation fa-
cility which treats about 102,000 cubic meters of
wastewater per day and irrigates 2,160 hectares of
corn land. Irrigated treated water channels back to the
surface water via subsurface drains, percolation
through the soil, wells and open ditches. A significant
amount of the wastewater was diverted to the treat-
ment site in 1974 from out-dated inefficient treatment
plants which had previously discharged poorly treated
wastewater directly to the County's surface waters.
Data was collected from 1972 to 1975 to determine
the impact of the diversion of wastewater and subse-
quent treatment as the site on improved quality of sur-
face waters.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Irrigation, *Sewage treatment,
Limnology, Corn plants, Diverting, Percolation, Surface
waters, Water quality, Nutrients, Metals, Trace ele-
ments, Mathematical models, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Transparence, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Michigan, Lakes,
Sewage, 'Land application, Muskegon
County(Michigan), Eutrophication, Trophic levels, Sus-
pended solids.
PB-299 671-SET PC EOS
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Controlling Pollution from the Manufacturing and
Coating of Metal Products.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 77, 332p-in3V
Set includes PB-299 672 thru PB-299 674.
No abstract available.
PB-299 672/6 PC A06/MF A01
Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Controlling Pollution from the Manufacturing and
Coating of Metal Products. 1. Metal Coating Air
Pollution Control. Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 77,107p EPA/625/3-77/009-VOL-1
See also Part 2, PB-299 673. Prepared in cooperation
with Snell (Foster D.), Inc., Cleveland, OH., and JACA
Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E08, PB-299 671-
SET.
The first volume acquaints supervisory and manage-
ment personnel in the industry with methods of reduc-
ing the emission of organic solvents to the atmosphere
and helps them assess the costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Metal coatings,
'Painting, Management planning, Personnel, Hydro-
carbons, Organic solvents, Assessments, Heat recov-
ery, Cost analysis, Concentration(Composition), Evap-
oration, Regulations, Adsorption.
PB-299 673/4 PC A04/MF A01
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Controlling Pollution from the Manufacturing and
Coating of Metal Products. 2. Solvent Metal Clean-
Ing Air Pollution Control. Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 77,75p EPA/625/3-77/009-VOL-2
See also Part 1, PB-299 672 and Part 3, PB-299 674.
Prepared in cooperation with JACA Corp., Fort Wash-
ington, PA.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E08, PB-299 671-
SET.
Volume 2 outlines for plant operators practical and
proven techniques for controlling hydrocarbon emis-
sions from metal cleaning operations, along with ap-
propriate cost data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Metal coatings,
'Painting, Metal cleaning, Cost analysis, Solvents, De-
greasing, Cleaning, Comparison.
PB-299 674/2 PC A07/MF A01
Centec Consultants, Reston, VA.
Controlling Pollution from the Manufacturing and
Coating of Metal Products. 3. Water Pollution
Control. Technology transfer rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
May 77,150p EPA7625/3-77/009-VOL-3
See also Part 2, PB-299 673. Prepared in cooperation
with Centec Consultants, Reston, VA.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC EOS, PB-299 671-
SET.
Volume 3 addresses managers, engineers and other
industry personnel responsible for resolving the water
pollution problems of a manufacturing facility. It covers
regulations, in-plant controls, three methods for
wastewater treatment, establishment of a working re-
lationship with a municipality and a case history.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal coatings,
'Painting, Personnel, Management planning, Monitor-
ing, Cost analysis, Standards, Separation, Industrial
waste treatment, Coagulation, Sedimentation, Filtra-
tion, Equipment, Water quality.
PB-299 675/9 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Process Design Manual: Municipal Sludge Land-
fills,
SCS Engineers, Reston, VA.
Jim Walsh. Oct 78,331 p* EPA/625/1-78/010,, EPA/
530/SW-705
Contract EPA-68-01-4625
This manual provides general guidance and a source
of information to be used in the planning, design, and
operation of a landfill receiving municipal wastewater
treatment plant sludge. Major alternative sludge land-
filling methods are identified and described. Guidance
is given on the selection of the landfilling method
which is best suited for a given combination of sludge
characteristics and site conditions. For each landfilling
method, the following features are addressed: public
participation program, site selection, design, oper-
ation, monitoring, completed site, management, ana
costs.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Sewage disposal, 'Sanitary landfills, 'Manuals,
Design, Citizen participation, Site surveys, Planning,
Monitoring, Management, Cost analysis, 'Sewage
sludge, Land disposal.
PB-299 689/0 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Boone County Field Site Interim Report. Test
Cells 2A, 2B, 2C, and 20. Interim rept. Aug 72-Dec
76,
Regional Services Corp., Inc., Columbus, IN.
Richard J. Wigh. Jul 79, 204p EPA/600/2-79/058
Sanitary landfills presently play a significant role in the
disposal of solid wastes, and they will probably contin-
ue to do so in many areas because of their economic
advantages over other methods. However, justifiable
concern exists about the environmental effects 01
sanitary landfills. The research project described here
was undertaken to provide a better understanding or
the processes that occur within a sanitary landfill ana
the related environmental effects. The initial field-scale
test cell was completed in June 1971 and has been
monitored since then for temperature, gas composi-
tion, settlement, and leachate quantity and character-
istics. Four additional cells (2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D) were
constructed during August 1972. One of these was
field-scale (2D), and the others were small-scale cells
that simulated the large cell for the purpose of per-
formance comparison. Water input to the cells was
controlled, and all cells were monitored for tempera-
ture, gas composition, settlement, and leachate quan-
tity and characteristics.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Field
tests, Economic analysis, Environmental impact, Moni-
toring, Leaching, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Temperature, Settling, Concentration(Composltlon),
Tables(Data).
PB-299 708/8 PC A22/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Environmental Pollution Control: Textile Process-
Ing Industry,
Lockwood Greene Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Alan Lubell. Oct 78, SOSp* EPA/625/7-78/002
Contract EPA-68-01-2742
This manual contains information relating to the design
of air, water and solids pollution abatement systems
for the textile industry. It is intended for use by process
design engineers, consultants, and engineering com-
panies active in the design or upgrading of textile
waste treatment facilities. This manual outlines typical
operations used in the manufacture of various types ot
fabrics as well as sources and strengths ot
wastewater, air pollutants and solid waste. Design in-
formation relative to pollution abatement includes in-
plant control measures, equipment selection factors
and emerging technology. The major effort of this
manual is directed toward design information of those
techniques most widely used and fully demonstratea
for pollution control in the textile industry. Advancea
technology, pilot plant or demonstration data of pre-
sumptive operations, although addressed, is not cov-
ered in detail. Water pollution control in the textile in-
dustry is the major subject covered in this manual. Por-
tions of the manual include comprehensive descrip-
tions and analyses of the various wastewater sources
and provide the basic data for facility design. Inplant
controls are described for reducing the quantity and/or
strength of the wastewater, and waste treatment de-
signs are defined.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Textile industry,
'Pollution control, 'Manuals, Water pollution control,
Air pollution control, Design, Sources, Technology.
Solid waste disposal, Industrial waste treatment, Com-
bustion products, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Revisions, Process
charting, Environmental chemical substitutes, Wet
methods. Water quality, Dry methods.
736 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-299 711/2 PCA21/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
wastewater Treatment Facilities for Sewered
J>mall Communities. Process Design Manual.
Uimp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
U«77,485p' EPA/625/1-77/009
Contract EPA-68-0 1-20 14
The purpose of this manual is to provide the engineer-
'"9 community and related industry a new source of in-
'orrnation to be used in the planning, design and oper-
ation of present and future wastewater treatment facili-
es for sewered small communities. Case histories are
utilized where suitable.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Communities, Weath-
er, Design criteria, Waste water reuse, History, Sani-
jary engineering, Planning, Operations, Maintenance,
nitration, Lagoons(Ponds), Activated sludge process,
Manuals, Trickling filters, Clarification, Hydraulics,
flow, Reliability, Pumping, "Small communities,
sewage treatment plants, Rotating disc
PB-299 727/8 PCA11/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
JJroce of Technology Transfer.
e 9, and the continuing program. Some of
oiia involved in achieving and maintaining com-
beuA^ witn regulations require expertise that is
du«t " I usual range of skills and experience of in-
sent .p'ant Personnel; the manual therefore pro-
ams ?rrtena tor evaluation of outside firms or consult-
18 Wno offer specialized environmental services.
s: *Air Pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
tion»nu? ' "Guidelines, Combustion products, Regula-
UK Monitoring, Personnel, Surveys, Equipment,
Dulora>°ry equipment, Sites, State implementation
wans, Air pollution sampling.
'40/1 PC A07/MF A01
Q—'v.yal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
lf£°rmance Evaluation of the Existing Three-
|m»°on Wastewater Treatment Plant at Pawnee,
Q'™'»- Rnal rept. 1975-77,
wnnam and Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL.
,.-/_red Gurnham, B. A. Rose, and W. T. Fetherston.
150p EPA/600/2-79/043
:PA-R-803900
p2'f 'ePort presents data gathered over a one-year
jj"°o of monitoring the lagoon system at Pawnee, Illi-
de»in compares treatment plant performance to
RiBr* ^dlng rates and the Federal secondary treat-
vy^1 standards. The treatment plant performed very
c«n« Removals of BODS and fecal conforms were ex-
em n Durin9 the early part ot tne year' Ia9oon efflu"
anrt\?88e.d through a sand filter which was Ineffective
filter«0ntributed suspended solids to the effluent; the
rnouoiwere later bypassed and suspended solids re-
~-va *as satisfactory from then on. Fecal coliform re-
!l was satisfactory except for a brief period when
ne addition was insufficient. In addition to the
u
are r,; Parameters, many others were monitored and
Ijgtj Presented both in summary form and in complete
floon 0< a" data collected during the study. The la-
fflonth Performed satisfactorily during the winter
8pite 'hand. anaerobic conditions did not develop de-
ParK?rds: "Sewage treatment, "Lagoons(Ponds),
oxvni nc<* evaluation, Design criteria, Biochemical
bic S, demand, Coliform bacteria, Sampling, Anaero-
•*• Processes, 'Pawnee(lllinois).
PB-299 745/0 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Financial Responsibility for Transporters of Haz-
ardous Waste,
Moshman Associates, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
David Abraham, D. E. Pollitt, Maureen Lindsey, John
Pertino, and Robert Fogle. May 79,185p* EPA/530/
SW-178C
Contract EPA-68-01-4850
The study identifies current financial responsibility re-
quirements of Federal and State governments for
transporters of hazardous materials/wastes; dis-
cusses current insurance availability, coverage and
cost for transporters of hazardous materials and
wastes by mode and size of carrier; discusses typical
'clean-up costs' for mitigation of damage to human
health and the environment; identifies the adequacy,
or inadequacy, of current financial responsibility prac-
tices of carriers, both in terms of self-insurance and
purchased insurance to cover cost of spill 'clean-up'
and discusses alternatives for adequate levels of fi-
nancial responsibility to be required of each mode
transporting hazardous wastes if current insurance
practices and/or requirements are not sufficient to
cover cost of spill 'clean-up' and analyzes economic
impact of requiring such levels of financial responsibil-
ity.
Keywords: 'Wastes, 'Liabilities, Requirements,
Common carriers, Insurance, Cost estimates, State
government, National government, Economic impact,
Transportation, Regulations, Standards, 'Chemical
spills, 'Hazardous materials transportation, 'Pollution
control.
PB-299 793/0 PC A05/MF A01
Holston River Study. Appendix E,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
R. L. Raschke. Oct 78,78p EDA/904/9-78/019-APP-
E
See also PB-298134.
The Holston River from HRM 118 to the confluence of
the North and South Fork, the South Fork Holston
River to Fort Patrick Henry Dam, and a short reach of
the North Fork Holston River was simulated using the
QUAL-II water quality model (Roesner et al., 1973).
The effects of biochemical oxygen demand and nitro-
gen compounds from waste discharges and respira-
tion of aquatic plants on the oxygen balance of the
stream were simulated. The purpose of this effort was
to assess the water quality of the Holston River rela-
tive to current waste discharges and aquatic plant pop-
ulations.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Water pollution, 'Holston
River, 'Sewage disposal, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Mathematical models, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Cqncentration(Composition), Algae, Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, Benthos, Tables(Data), Tennessee, 'Water qual-
ity data.
PB-299 919/1 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Environmental and Resource Conservation Con-
siderations of Steel Industry Solid Waste. Final
rept. May 78-Feb 79,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
V. H. Baldwin, M. R. Branscome, C. C. Allen, 0. B.
Marsland, and B. H. Carpenter. Apr 79,225p* EPA/
600/2-79/074,, EPA/SW-740
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
Errata sheet inserted.
The report examines the solid wastes generated by
the iron and steel industry relative to the impact of
Section 4004 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act. The quantities, properties, and origin of
wastes which pose a potential problem are identified
using flow diagrams, material balances, and genera-
tion factors. Of the estimated 140 million metric tons of
solid waste (Including inplant mill scrap) generated an-
nually, 80% is either recycled or reused. Waste dispos-
al practices are discussed, and the potential for
groundwater pollution has been identified. The capital
cost to collect leachate from nonhazardous wastes
which could potentially endanger the groundwater was
estimated to increase the current landfill costs by
40%; however, this cost was less than 1% of the esti-
mated future overall environmental cost.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Water pollution, Leaching, Capitalized costs,
Earth fills, Economic analysis, Forecasting, Plant loca-
tion. Substitutes, Recycling, Process charting, Per-
formance evaluation.
PB-299 92S/2 PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of the Effects of the Installation of
an Oxidation Catalyst on a Diesel Powered Vehi-
cle. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Mar 79, 20p 79-7, TAEB-79-7
The increased importance of diesels has caused a sig-
nificant amount of discussion as to the ability of the
manufacturers to meet the recently announced EPA
Diesel Emission standards. Since there was little or no
experience with the effects of installing an oxidation
catalyst in a Diesel-powered vehicle, the EPA decided
to investigate this configuration for its effects on both
regulated and unregulated pollutants. Due to the rela-
tively low hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emis-
sions typical of Diesel exhaust the initial question was
whether the catalyst would attain a sufficient tempera-
ture to allow it to function as intended. The conclu-
sions drawn from this EPA evaluation test can be con-
sidered to be qualitatively and quantitatively valid only
for the specific vehicle and catalyst used. After estab-
lishing that the catalyst would function, its effect on
emissions, both gaseous and paniculate, on fuel econ-
omy and on vehicle performance were to be investigat-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Exhaust
emissions, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Particles, Carbon
monoxide, Diesel engines, Oxidation, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB-299 935/7 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
An Analysis of Inspection-Maintenance Program
Options for Jefferson County, Kentucky. Execu-
tive Summary. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Alvan Bruch. Apr 79,32p EPA/904/9-79/039
Contract EPA-68-02-2869
Inspection-maintenance program options differing ac-
cording to concept, management and type of inspec-
tion were identified, scaled to Jefferson County, and
comparative costed using a modular approach. Total
costs were considered, including repair of vehicles,
without regard for whom would meet these costs.
Upon consideration of these comparative costs, and
comparative benefits as well, the two low-cost options
were selected for fuller consideration. These options,
government-run and contractor-run central lanes,
were then subjected to a more detailed and conven-
tional cost analysis: capital costs; operating costs;
annual costs; and first-year implementation costs to
government. Finally, funding requirements and oppor-
tunities were considered.
Keywords: * Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution, 'Inspection,
Maintenance, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution control
equipment, Counties, Kentucky, Jefferson
County(Kentucky).
PB-299 943/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC.
Telephotometrlc Study of Baseline Visual Range
at Cedar Mountain, Utah, July 7 to August 6.1978,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry Lab.
Paul A. Allee, and L. Gwen Lowery. Jun 79,76p NOAA-
DR-ERL-APCL-3, NOAA-79080901
Sponsored In part by Bureau of Land Management,
Washington, DC. and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Visual range values derived from telephotometric
measurements at Cedar Mountain, Emery County,
Utah, from July 7 through August 6,1978, are present-
ed. Concurrent values of visual range were also deter-
mined and reported. Comparison of the visual range
obtained by the two methods is discussed. After cor-
rection of visual range calculations, the photographic
values are about 20 percent less than the telephoto-
metric values of visual range. A system of linear cor-
rections of the photographic visual range was devised
so that photographic values can be converted to corre-
spond to telephotometric values. Converted values of
December 1983 737
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
photographic visual ranges have a smaller standard
deviation that of the concurrent telephotometric
values, indicating that extremely high and low values of
photographic visual range would not be accurately
converted to equivalent telephotometric values. Aver-
age values of photometric and telephotometric visual
ranges would agree within a few percent.
Keywords: 'Visibility, Cedar Mountain, Atmospheric at-
tenuation, Optical measurement, Atmospheric scatter-
ing, Photography, Visual inspection, Tables(Data),
Utah, Emery County(Utah).
PB-299 959/7 PC A99/MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Jun 79, 767p* EPA/340/1-79/007
See also PB-294 953.
This report is the ninth in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents or this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not intendedto rep-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those fa-
cilities of interest to the States or the Agency for fur-
ther investigation.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Compliance,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Regulations,
Tables(Data), Standards, Hydrocarbons, Oxidizers,
State government, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, 'Stationary sources, Air
quality control regions, State implementation plan,
New source performance standards.
PB-299 966/2 PC A99/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant.
Marine Studies of San Pedro Bay, California. Part
16. Ecological Changes In Outer Los Angeles-
Long Beach Harbors Following Initiation of Sec-
ondary Waste Treatment and Cessation of Fish
Cannery Waste Effluent,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Inst. for
Marine and Coastal Studies.
Dorothy F. Soule, and Mikhiko Oguri. Apr 79,611p
USC-IMCS-16, NOAA-79080826
See also Part 15, PB-299 965. Prepared in cooperation
with Union Oil Co. of California, Los Angeles.
The reports on field collections or observations all
show perturbations in the data coinciding in time with
the sequence of events occurring at the Terminal
Island Treatment Plant and localizing around the site
of the outfalls. In general, there were net reductions in
fish, bacteria and benthic invertebrates as well as re-
duced bird populations and possible smaller net reduc-
tions in phytoplankton and zooplankton following the
conversion of the plant to secondary treatment. Fur-
ther reductions, even more pronounced, ensued fol-
lowing the diversion of the fish cannery effluents into
the treatment plant. It is now apparent that the harbor
has been converted from the richest and most diverse
soft-bottom community on the southern California
coast to a less productive environment. The loss of
food resources previously contained in the effluents
has resulted in large order net reductions of organisms
that fed directly or indirectly on the wastes. In brief, the
food web that previously existed has been reduced in
scope and magnitude by so-called improvements in
physical water quality. The studies presented here are
felt to document the ecological role in the harbor
played by the effluents discharged there.
Keywords: *San Pedro Bay, 'Water pollution control,
'waste treatment, California, Harbors, Canneries,
Food processing, Industrial plants, Ecology, Sewage
treatment, Water quality, Nutrients, Sea Grant pro-
gram. Ecosystems, Municipal wastes, Environmental
effects.
PB-300 293/8 PC A03/MF A01
Online Literature Searching and Databases,
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH. Li-
brary.
Mary L. Calkins. Oct 78, 39p EPA/IRSB-78/04
In order to meet the information needs of the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency rapidly and efficiently,
traditional library services have been integrated with
new automated services. One of these automated
services is using computer databases for literature
seaching. The purpose of this publication is to explain
the online searching services available to the EPA at
the Library of Environmental Research Center-Cincin-
nati.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Search structuring.
Libraries, Information retrieval, Services, Methodology,
Handbooks, Data bases, Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB-300 304/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection/Maintenance
Program for South Carolina. Final rept.,
Systems Control, Inc., Anaheim, CA. Environmental
Engineering Div.
John Gunderson, Emil J. Vodonick, Gary Pan, David D.
Clark, and Jim Gatacre. Feb 79,39p EPA/904/9-79/
028
Contract EPA-69-02-2536
This report presents an analysis of alternative motor
vehicle basic inspection and maintenance programs in
terms of related costs and benefits for the State of
South Carolina with specific information covering Lex-
ington, Richland, Charleston, and Berkley Counties.
The study methodology used is described and in-
cludes collecting data, determining criteria for select-
ing alternative program configuration, screening pro-
gram option and evaluating alternative configuration
selected through the screening process. Program al-
ternatives were evaluated in terms of emission reduc-
tion attainable, geographic coverage, effective motor
vehicle populaton, consumer protection, quality assur-
ance, costs and financial feasibility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Inspection, 'Maintenance, 'South Carolina, Benefit
cost analysis, Substitutes, Carbon monoxide, Oxi-
dizers, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, 'Air quality.
PB-300 309/2 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Terrestrial Ecology Protocol* for Environmental
Assessment Programs; Workshop Proceedings.
Report for Oct 78-Jan 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. L. Waterland. Jun 79, 95p EPA/600/2-79/122
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report is the proceedings of a workshop held in
Corvallis, Oregon, during November 1978, to discuss
potential tests for inclusion in, and make recommenda-
tions for, a terrestrial ecology bioassay testing protocol
for use in EPA/IERTL-RTP's environmental assess-
ment programs. The workshop, sponsored jointly
byEPA's IERTL-RTP and ERL-Corvallis, included par-
ticipants representing both government and private re-
searchers in the fields of plant physiology, soil microbi-
ology, and entomology. Questions addressed includ-
ed: What tests should be included in a Level 1 proto-
col. What should Level 1 to Level 2 decision criteria be
and What kinds of tests would be appropriate at Level
2. The report summarizes key points of discussion and
presents the results, conclusions, and recommenda-
tions reached in addressing stated workshop ques-
tions. Recommended Level 1 plant, soil, and animal
assays are discussed, and Level 2 procedures are
suggested, based on Level 1 findings.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Environmental surveys, 'Toxi-
cology, Tests, Bioassay, Ecology, Assessments, Plant
physiology, Animals, Recommendations, Soil microbi-
ology, Entomology, Procedures, Protocols, Stationary
sources, 'Terrestrial ecosystems.
PB-300 323/3 PC A09/MF A01
Lower Meramec River Basin Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume I. Final
environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
11 Jul 79,189p EPA/907/9-79/004A
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan St. Louis
Sewer District, MO., and Ryckman, Edgerley, Tomlin-
son and Associates, Inc., St. Louis, MO. See also Draft
rept., PB-289 948.Color illustrations reproduced m
black and white.
The subject action of this Environmental Impact State-
ment (EIS) is the approval of the Facilities Plan pre-
pared in accordance with Section 201 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended (P-L-
92-500) by the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District.
Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (P.L. 91-190), the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has prepared this EIS to evaluate the
potential impacts of this proposed action upon the
Lower Meramec River Basin and the Metropolitan St.
Louis area. The project study area includes both the
St. Louis and Jefferson County portions of the Mera-
mec River Basin and its watershed areas from the vi-
cinity of Ellisville to the Mississippi River. In 1975 the
Lower Meramec River was classified by the Missouri
Department of Natural Resources as 'water quality lim-
ited' because of severe pollution problems associated
with rapid urban growth in the area within the last
decade. The Lower Meramec River also serves aa a
source of potable water for southern St. Louis County
and as an areawide recreation resource. Each of the
alternative treatment techniques is described in terms
of its potential impact on the environment. All of the al-
ternatives, except the 'no action' alternative, will im-
prove the water quality in the study area. Primary and
secondary impacts will occur, however, and these are
summarized in the document.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, 'Meramec River Basin, Metropoli-
tan areas, Water quality, Water pollution, Environmen-
tal impacts, Watersheds, Missouri, Sewage treatment
plants, Saint Louis(Missouri), Jefferson
County(Missouri), Water pollution control, Saint Louis
County(Missouri).
PB-300 324/1 - PC A17/MF A01
Lower Meramec River Basin Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume II. Final
environmental impact statement. ;i-
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO-
Region VII.
Jul 79,376p EPA/907/9-79/004B
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan St. Louis
Sewer District, MO. See also Draft rept., PB-291 940.
This volume is the continuation of Volume I, and con-
tains the following: Environmental impacts of the
viable project alternatives - (noise impacts, air .quanW
impacts, impacts on water quality, impacts on geology
and groundwater, biological impacts, land use impact,
economic impacts, impacts on recreation, impacts on
cultural resources, floodplain impacts); Selected alter-
natives - (overall systems, systems of wastewater
treatment, systems of sludge management, treatment
of plant site selection and flood protection alternatives,
project phasing and interim, wastewater manage-
ment); Unavoidable impacts - (secondary impacts, pri-
mary impacts); Local short-term uses of the environ-
mental vs. maintenance and enhancement of long-
term productivity; Irreversible and irretrievalbe commit-
ments of resources likely to result from implementation
of the proposed project; Public participation; and Sig-
nificant issues to be resolved.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, * Meramec River Basin, Water
quality, Water pollution, Environmental impacts, Metro-
politan areas, Missouri, Sewage treatment plants,
Saint Louis(Missouri), Jefferson County(Missoun).
Water pollution control, Saint Louis County(Missourl).
PB-300 331/6 PC A08/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Operation and Maintenance Factors
Limiting Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plan'
Performance. Final rept.,
M and I, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Bob A. Hegg, Kerwin L, Rakness, and James R.
Schultz. Jun 79,174p* EPA/600/2-79/034
Contract EPA-68-03-2224
A significant number of wastewater treatment plant*
constructed with Federal monies have not met design
or NPDES permit standards. The emphasis of this re-
search study was to identify, quantify and rank the
causes of this poor performance. Research objectives
were accomplished by conducting comprehensive
evaluations at thirty wastewater treatment facilities'
738 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The two highest ranking factors identified were inad-
equate operator application of concepts and testing to
process control and sewage treatment understanding.
Many operators were not trained as evidenced by a
lack of sewage treatment understanding, but even
trained operators did not apply concepts of operation
to process control. The third highest ranking factor
identified was improper technical guidance from au-
thoritative sources, these sources have dramatically
affected the capability of existing operations person-
nel. Also, six of the ten highest ranking factors were re-
wed to improper plant design. Existing correction pro-
grama which address specific performance limiting
'actors were found to be limited in their ability to
achieve the desired performance from an individual fa-
cility. A supplemental program to improve facility per-
tormance was developed and demonstrated. The pro-
aram has potential of reducing plant construction
costs as well as improving plant effluent quality.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Performance evalua-
[!pn, Standards, Maintenance, Design, Sites, Surveys,
^oat analysis, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Utah,
south Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, EPA region 7, EPA
region 8, Performance(Human).
PB-aoo 336/5 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
evaluation of Stationary Source Paniculate Meas-
"r*ment Methods. Volume III. Gas Temperature
Control During Method 5 Sampling. Interim rept.
°ct 73-Feb 77,
uttte (Authur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Edward T. Peters, and Jeffrey W. Adams. Jun 79,32p
EPA/600/2-79/115
Contract EPA-68-02-0632
looa8'80 Volume 1' PB'269 052> and Volume 5, PB-
A study was conducted to measure changes in gas
'•jnperature along the length of a Method 5 sampling
irain due to variations in stack gas temperature, sam-
pling rate, filter box temperature and method for con-
trolling the probe heating element. For each run condi-
[[Pn, temperatures were measured in the stack, at am-
oient and at four internal and external positions along
TO sampling train at one minute intervals. Measure-
ments were continued until the system was observed
j° reach a state of thermal equilibrium. The results
jjorn these experiments, presented herein, demon-
strate that gas temperatures cannot be predicted or
Controlled on the basis or externally measured tem-
peratures. The use of an internal thermocouple, having
"° reference junction at the back of the probe, to pro-
portionally control the probe heater element is shown
jo provide a predictable gas temperature and a flat
jnermal profile along the system. This procedure for
ipntrplling gas temperature is recommended as a
Codification to Method 5.
keywords: 'Temperature measurement, Air pollution,
Jjeasurement, Sampling, Temperature, Gases, Per-
jwrnance evaluation, Particles, *EPA method 5, *Air
Pollution sampling, Stationary sources.
£8-300 337/3 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
|n9tePark,NC.
evaluation of Stationary Source Paniculate Meas-
wetrwnt Methods. Volume V. Secondary Lead
:r«Wer». interim rept. Oct 73-Jun 77,
fattelle Columbus Labs., OH.
i'ne-Howes, Jr., W. M. Henry, and R. N. Pesut. Jun 79,
5°PtPA/600/2-79/116
Contract EPA-68-02-0609
lume3,PB-300336.
of an overall program to evaluate the EPA
5 procedure for measurement of paniculate
is, an experimental study was made of its spe-
wric applicability to secondary lead plant emissions.
' ne study was carried out with two Method 5 sampling
Tain systems operated simultaneously at a single point
I 8 ?taok emission stream. A series of six statistical-
As
I tests was conducted over a 5-day period
tiv£; ain data on the reliability of Method 5, the sensi-
»rcy of the method to variation of such key parameters
«j! Janipling system temperature, filter media, and par-
D<»? Ioaclin9 and to characterize the chemical com-
j"wtion of the emissions. Comprehensive chemical
"fiyses were made ofj particulates collected in the
!™nplmg system and from the baghouse control to as-
ol«?'n the sampling mode affected the composition
.k?06 particulate emissions. Essentially 100 percent of
* particulates were accounted for by the chemical
analyses. Compositional analysis of the gaseous spe-
cies present in the stack gas stream also were per-
formed, the results of the particulate and gas analyses
do not indicate any chemical interactions with the sam-
pling system components of the Method 5 train.
Keywords: 'Particles, Air jfcllution, Lead(Metal), Air fil-
ters, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur oxides, Metals, Tin, Arsenic, Cadmium,
Antimony, Phosphorus, Carbon, Chlorine, *EPA
method 5, 'Air pollution sampling, Heavy metals.
PB-300 339/9 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Diffusion Coefficients from Metrac System Turbu-
lence Measurements. Final rept.,
Control Data Corp., Minneapolis, MN.
W. H. Jasperson. May 79,69p EPA/600/4-79/034
Contract EPA-68-02-2444
The results from 34 'constant level' tetroon flights
made near St. Cloud, Minnesota, and tracked with the
METRAC positioning system are presented, These
flights were made throughout the year and primarily at
heights between 700 and 1400 meters above the sur-
face. Flight times ranged in length from 2100 to 6000
seconds. Three-dimensional velocity variances, auto-
correlation functions, power spectra and diffusion co-
efficients are presented. Relationships showing an in-
crease of vertical velocity variance with decreasing at-
mospheric stability and with increased wind speed are
illustrated.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion,
Wind(Meteorology), Wind velocity, Turbulence, Diurnal
variations, Correlations, Tables(Data), Minnesota, 'At-
mospheric dispersion, METRAC system, Saint
Cloud(Minnesota).
PB-300 358/9 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Applications of Computer Graphics to Integrated
Environmental Asaeaamenta of Energy Syatema.
Milestone rept. 1976-77,
Tennessee valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of En-
vironmental Planning.
Malcolm C. Babb, and Harrison R. Hlckey, Jr. Aug 78,
154p TVA/EP-78/10, EPA/600/7-76/154
This report summarizes the first two years of research
designed to demonstrate applications of computer
graphics to environmental analyses associated with
the evaluation of impacts from development of con-
ventional energy systems. The work emphasizes the
use of storage-tube computer graphics technology as
a means for improving the interaction between the en-
gineer-scientist and the power of the computer. Com-
puter graphics is also shown to be an effective medium
for summarizing and communicating information about
the environment and pollution control alternatives to
technical specialists, managers, and the public. Also,
many techniques of analysis previously considered im-
practical can now be conducted on a routine basis. Ap-
plications to several fields of analysis are described in
detail, including air quality, water quality, radiological
hygiene, industrial hygiene, socioeconomics, and data
facilities siting with the use of geographically refer-
enced data.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Computer graph-
ics, Environmental impacts, Water quality, Public
health, Social effect, Economic impact, Site surveys,
Planning, 'Environmental impact assessments, Pollu-
tion control, Air quality.
PB-300 371/2 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Integrated Steel Plant Pollution Study for Total
Recycle of Water. Final rept. Jan 77-May 79,
Hydrotechnic Corp., New York.
Harold Hofstein, and Harold J. Kohlmann. Jul 79,
566p'EPA/600/2-79/138
Contract EPA-68-02-2626
The report gives results of an engineering study of five
integrated U.S. steel plants to determine how each
might ultimately achieve total recycle of water. The
plants represent a broad cross section of plant-specif-
ic factors (e.g., size, age, location, and available
space) that are present in U.S. steel plants. Conceptu-
al engineering designs were prepared for each plant to
advance from its present water discharge situation to
achievement of the Clean Water Acfs 1984 Best
Available Technology limitations and finally to achieve
total water recycle. Potential treatment technologies
for meeting these goals were evaluated: the most
promising were incorporated into the plant designs.
Capital and operating costs and energy requirements
were estimated, and problems associated with imple-
mentation of the designs were addressed. Problems
include: the lack of steel plant experience with the
technologies required, the high cost and energy re-
quirements, the additional solid waste disposal prob-
lems, and the more difficult management requirements
for sophisticated water systems. The report is intended
as a reference for planning and implementing pro-
grams to meet the more stringent water quality require-
ments that steel plants may face in the future.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, Air pollution control, Industries waste treat-
ment, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Cost analy-
sis, Design, Sources, Process charting, Performance
evaluation, 'Waste water reuse, Water quality, Solid
wastes.
PB-300 375/3 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the Environmental Effecta of West-
ern Surface Coal Mining. Volume I. Final rept. Jun
75-Jun 77,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Frank Cook. May 79,153p EPA/600/7-79/110
Contract EPA-68-03-2226
This report describes and evaluates the method* pres-
ently used for surface mining of coal in the western
United States, Identifies and evaluates the effects that
use of those methods have on the environment, and
recommends ways in which the methods might be al-
tered to reduce both long-term and short-term environ-
mental damage.
Keywords: "Coal mining, 'Surface mining, 'Environ-
mental Impacts, Mining equipment, Strip mining, Open
pit mining, Land reclamation, Erosion, Drainage, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, Technology
assessment, Reviewing, Photographs, 'Western coal,
Western Heglon(United States), Coal mine spoil.
PB-300 380/3 PC A04/MF A01
The National Environmental Specimen Bank Re-
aearch Program for Sampling, Storage, and Analy-
sis,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Div.
T. E. Gills, H. L Rook, R. A. Durst, and G. M. Goldstein.
May 79,70p EPA/600/1-79/017
Prepared in cooperation with National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, DC. Center for Analytical
Chemistry.
The work was performed under a joint NBS/EPA re-
search program to develop state-of-the-art protocols
for sampling, storage, and analysis of biological and
environmental-type matrices. This report is a compila-
tion of research papers and/or efforts describing de-
veloped or adopted procedures for retrospective anal-
ysis of biological and environmental samples. Prelimi-
nary protocols for sampling, sample handling, and
sample storage are given for human liver autopsy
tissue in addition to methods for the accurate meas-
urement of selected toxic elements in biological and
environmental materials. Analytical mejthods em-
ployed were neutron activation analysis (NAA), polar-
ography, and isotope dilution spark source mass spec-
trometry (IDSSMS).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Storage, Analyzing, Liver, Humans, Pathology,
Tissues(Biology), Polarography, Research, Design,
Construction, Mercury (Metal), Trace elements, Cadmi-
um, Neutron activation analysis, Protocols, "Toxic sub-
stances, Analytical methods, 'Specimens handling.
PB-300 383/7 PC AM/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Report: Solvent Re-
fined Coal (SRC) Syatema. Final rept. May 78-May
79,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
K. J. Shields, H. T. Hopkins, E. E. Weir, and Carolyn
Thompson. Jun 79,848p" EPA/600/7-79/146
Contract EPA-68-02-2162
December 1983 739
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report is an integrated evaluation of air emissions,
water effluents, solid wastes, toxic substances, con-
trol/disposal alternatives, environmental regulatory re-
quirements, and environmental effects associated with
solvent refined coal (SRC) systems. It considers the
SRC-l(solid product) and SRC-ll(liquid product) vari-
ations of solvent refining in terms of a hypothetical fa-
cility to produce 7950 cum/day liquefied coal products.
Discussions emphasize SRC-II production, identifying
differences applicable to SRC-I production. An over-
view of the SRC system processes is followed by char-
acterizations of applicable input materials, process
streams, waste streams, products, and byproducts.
Control and disposal options are surveyed to deter-
mine their applicability to subject discharges. Poten-
tially applicable regulatory requirements are reviewed
and compared to estimated after-treatment discharge
levels. Source Analysis Model(SAM) analyses indicate
that solid wastes produced by SRC systems are the
greatest source of current environmental concern. The
major environmental difference between SRC-I and
SRC-II systems is the potential for particulate emis-
sions of SRC-I solid product dust. Additional informa-
tion needs for future environmental assessment are
discussed. Supplemental information pertinent to the
discussions is included in appendices.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal liquefac-
tion, Assessments, Air pollution control, Water pollu-
tion control, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Process
charting, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation,
Standards, Regulations, Environmental impacts, Sites,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'SRC proc-
ess, Toxic substances, Land disposal, Air quality,
Water quality.
PB-300 384/5 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Devalopment of Questionnaires for Various Emis-
sion Inventory Uses. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Peter Hulman, and Carolyn Collins. Jun 79,114p EPA/
450/2-78/122,, EPA/450/3-78/122
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
This report was written to act as a guide for agencies
interested in developing emission inventory mail-out
questionnaires. It addresses both the physical and
psychological constraints on questionnaire design.
The information provided is based on the knowledge
of agencies and individuals that have experience in the
art of questionnaire design. The first section discusses
the choice of mail-out questionnaires over other infor-
mation-gathering methods. The second section de-
scribes The individual elements of a mail-out question-
naire - the cover letter, the instructions and the ques-
tions - and what should be included in each. The third
section considers design considerations for maximiz-
ing the return rate and the-accuracy. Formulation of
appropriate questions is also addressed. The format-
ting of a questionnaire for computer input and the use
of a computer's capabilities are described in Section 4.
Follow-up procedures are discussed in Section 5. Ap-
pendices include sample questionnaire elements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Questionnaires, Surveys,
Sources, 'Emission inventories, 'Air quality.
PB-300 403/3 PC A09/MF A01
The Effects of Decreased Nutrient Loading on the
Limnology of Diamond Lake, Oregon. Appendix.
Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. L. Lauer, G. S. Schuytema, W. D. Sanville, F. S.
Stay, and C. F. Powers. Aug 79,183p EPA/600/8-79/
017B
Responding to accelerated recreational pressure at
Diamond Lake, Oregon, in 1969 the U.S. Forest Serv-
ice began installation of a wastewater diversion
system which would eventually carry 85 to 90% of the
sewage out of the watershed. From 1971 through
1977 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency con-
ducted a program of research on the lake to determine
its trophic status and identify changes that might be
the result of the diversion. The lake is quite productive
as the result of natural loading from tributaries, ground-
water and bottom sediments. Cultural influence, initial-
ly speculated to be significant was discovered to have
a relatively minor impact on the lake. Total phosphorus
and chlorphyll a levels reached a low in 1973, but by
1977 had increased to levels comparable to 1971.
Species composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate
population was the same in 1976/1977 as it was at the
beginning of the study. Recommendations include an
adaptation of the Dillon and Rigler system for deter-
mining the development capacity of lakes.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution,
'Diamond Lake, Recreation, Waste water, Phospho-
rus, Chlorophylls, Invertebrates, Ground water, Sedi-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Recommenda-
tions, Oregon, Organic loading, 'Water quality data,
Bioindicators, Trophic level.
PB-300 408/2 PC A10/MF A01
A National Compendium of Freshwater Fish and
Water Temperature Data. Volume I: Data Manage-
ment Techniques, Output Examples and Limita-
tions. Research rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Kenneth E. Biesinger, Robert P. Brown, Carl R.
Bernick, Glenn A. Rittner, and Kenneth E. F.
Hokanson. May 79,222p EPA/600/3-79/056
The present study resulted in the compilation of a com-
puter data base containing historical fish distribution
data with accompanying water temperature data from
about 1930-1972 for over 300 species of freshwater
fish from 574 locations in the United States and pro-
vides the first nationwide compendium that describes
freshwater fish population habitats in relation to water
temperature regimens. Data collected from many un-
related sources were edited, formatted and assembled
into a meaningful presentation. The transformation of
the encoded data into magnetic characters on a com-
puter data tape was accomplished with a Honeywell
702 Keytape machine. Computer programs developed
were written in the Fortran IV language and implement-
ed on the Univac 1108 computer system. The present
data system was implemented primarily as a computer
data storage and retrieval method. As such, the com-
puter programs were largely designed to format, sort,
store and recall selected records, or groupings of data.
For analyzing data, computer programs were devel-
oped for: (1) determining the frequency of occurrence
of certain types and classes of data; (2) determining
the number of fish temperature data sets (fish present
at the same time and place water temperatures were
taken) by: (a) major and minor river basins, (b) thermal
characteristics, (c) sampling method, and (d) tempera-
ture and fish catching equipment type; (3) compiling
fish species data and correlating these with water-tem-
perature records; (4) producing tables with minimum,
maximum and mean temperatures with corresponding
fish counts; and (5) producing cumulative percentiles
of weekly water temperatures for each fish species.
Suggestions as to possible uses for the data and pro-
grams are given. Also included are some case exam-
ple studies. A section is included describing the limita-
tions of the encoded fish and temperature data and a
critique of the: (1) data quality, (2) environmental qual-
ity, (3) quality of the work performed, (4) materials and
methods used to collect fish and temperature data,
and (5) data reporting and analysis.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Data acquisition,
Fisheries, Distribution, Temperature, Temperature
measuring instruments, United States, Data retrieval,
Surveys, Computer programming, 'Water tempera-
ture.
PB-300 441/3 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Selected Herbicides on Smelting of
Coho Salmon. Final rept. 5 Jan 77-4 Jan 78,
Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis. Research
and Development Section.
Harold W. Lorz, Susan W. Glenn, Ronald H. Williams,
Clair M. Kunkel, and Logan A. Norris. Jun 79,125p
EPA/600/3-79/071
Grant EPA-R-804283
Prepared in cooperation with Pacific Northwest Forest
and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR.
Static 96-h LC50 values for 12 water-soluble herbi-
cides with yearling coho salmon in freshwater were:
acrolein 68 micrograms/l; dinoseb 100 micrograms/l;
picloram 5.0-17.5 mg/1; 2,4,5-T (triethylamine)> 10
mg/l; atrazine> 15 mg/l; diquat 30 mg/l; amitrole-T 70
mg/l; paraquat 76 mg/l; dicamba> 100 mg/l; and
Krenite and 2,4-D (dimethylamine)>200 mg/l. Ami-
trole-T, diquat, and paraquat exposure in fresthwater
reduced the survival of salmon smolth placed in sea-
water. Diquat also inhibited downstream migration of
smolts. Under normal field use, acrolein and dinoseb
could produce mortality of all life stages of salmonids if
treated irrigation waters were released into streams
prior to herbicide inactivation. The use of diquat at rec-
ommended treatment levels could reduce downstream
migration of smolts and decrease survival in seawater.
All other herbicide formulations tested appeared to
have no effect on smolting of coho salmon.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Salmon, Fishes,
'Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Chlorine
organic compounds, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Animal behavior, Migra-
tions, Histology, Exposure, Experimental data, Water
balance, Acroleins, Amines, Bromine organic com-
pounds.
PB-300 443/9 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Evaluation of Particulate Emission Factors for ve-
hicle Tire Wear. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
Joseph Corvitti. Jun 79,29p EPA/450/4-79/011
Contract EPA-68-02-2585
See also PB-223 996.
Vehicle-related emissions are a majore contributor to
urban particulate concentrations. One of the vehicle-
related emission sources is tire wear. It is estimatea
that 3.2 x 10 to the 8th power to 7.2 x 10 to the 8w
power kg of tire wear debris are generated each year in
the United States. Particles from tire wear have been
identified by microscopic analysis as a significant com-
ponent of samples taken from roadside high volume
particulate samplers. The currently available emission
estimate for tire wear, presented in Compilation of f«
Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42), is 0.20 g/veh:mi
for a four-wheeled light duty vehicle. This emission
estimate emissions from tire wear; however, this '*c'or
needs to be reviewed, based on studies and test data
released since its publication.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Tires, 'Particles, Wear,
Sampling, Urban areas, Concentration(Compositton),
'Emission factors. a
PB-300 444/7 PC AOS/MF A01
Exposure to Asbestos from Drinking Water In tne
United States. Final rept. 1 Sep 77-1 Feb 79,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
James R. Millette, Patrick J. Clark, and Michael F.
Pansing. Aug 79,97p EPA/600/1-79/028
Over 1500 asbestos analyses of water supplies in 43
states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia were
evaluated in order to assess the exposure of tne
United States population to asbestos in drinking water.
It was cocluded that the large majority of U.S. water
consumers are not exposed to concentrations of a*"
bestos fibers avove one million fibers per liter. In a W*
areas people are exposed to concentrations up to one
hundred million fibers per liter. The majority of persons
receiving water from asbestos-cement pipe distnou-
tion systems are not exposed to significant number 01
fibers from the pipe. In areas of aggressive water, how-
ever, water consumers using asbestos-cement "*[".?
may be exposed to high concentrations of fibers. This
report presents data on the exposure to waterborne
asbestos fibers. Other projects are currently assessing
the health effects fof ingested asbestos and will be oa-
scribed in later reports. A listing of a computerized wa-
terborne asbestos data base is included as an ApPetv
dix.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Toxicology.
Water pollution, United States, Exposure, Puerto Rico,
District of Columbia, Concentration(Composition), ser-
pentine, Public health, Environmental health, Drinking
water, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic SUD-
stances.
PB-300 446/2 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, f0-
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
The Cost of Clean Air and Water Report to con"
gross.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Aug 79,345p* EPA/230/3-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01-4360
Errata sheet inserted.
The report deals with the cost of compliance with the
Clean Air Act and the Federal Water Pollution Contro
Act. In 1977, it was estimated that industries span'
12.8 billion dollars in incremental annual costs (inciuo
ing capital charges and operating and maintenance
740 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
expenses) to comply with Federal air and water legisla-
tion. Federal, State and local governments spent $4.6
Billion and consumers spent $5.8 billion directly on
mobile source emission control. The study protects
luture • incremental investment costs for the period
1977-1986 to be $79.7 billion as a result of the Clean
Air Act and $61.6 billion due to the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act. Model plant analysis was used to
generate most of the cost estimate in the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Cost estimates,
«.oatement, Regulations, Legislation, Operating costs,
Maintenance, Fixed investment, Expenses, Techno-
Weal intelligence, Industries, National government,
•uu 9overnrnent, Local government, United States,
Water pollution abatement, Clean Air Act, Federal
water Pollution Control Act, Industrial technology, En-
vironmental Protection Agency.
PB-300 448/8 PC A16/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Jjo«» and Water Quality Impacts of Reducing Ag-
ricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: An Analysis
methodology. Final rept. Aug 77-Sep 78,
"eta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
«"g 79,370p* EPA/600/5-79/009
want EPA-R-805036-01-0
This study addresses the problem of analyzing non-
jjoint source pollution impacts from agriculture. A
JJeJnodology for regional-level planning is presented
inai, with further refinement, could prove of significant
tar .'or br.oad analyses of large numbers of policy al-
'•rnatives, including best management practices. The
Analytical method developed allows the simultaneous
examination of the water quality impacts of selected
tarn°V- al Pra.ctices and the economic effects that al-
trni Practices and nonpoint source pollution con-
iroi policies have on the farmer. The proposed meth-
od 9y includes a farm model, a water quality model,
•rw. a qualitative approach for the assessment of the
wciai and economic impacts of water quality changes
"n downstream users. It may be applied to evaluate
•°*Srnment nonpoint source pollution control policies
moth effects of alternative agricultural futures. The
thrn 2°'°9y's use 'or these purposes is evaluated
B«. i?", an 'Hustrative example based on data from the
av »k ^rael( watershed in Northeastern Indiana and a
"yntnesized downstream impoundment.
"Agriculture, 'Environmental impacts,
water pollution, 'Black Creek, Regional planning,
government policies, Economic impact, Water pollu-
«on control, Damage, Farms, Mathematical models,
«j5(essments. Social effect, Streams, Farm crops, Cul-
ano »' Terracing, Rotation, Drainage, Fertilizers, Indi-
•" Nonpoint sources, Alternative planning, Best
. 4S7/9 PC A16/MF A01
u*a Water Quality Report, 1977.
Chi • eP*- of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
1 97?"oa's and Water Quality Div-
'*, 366p
l9?tfir-c'ua''tV data is reviewed for the years 1975 and
COM '["'''•"'ing assessments, impacts, violations, and
usts. Most recent program revisions are updated and
. cen program revsons r u
jn:P"]Plete discharge inventory for the State of Iowa is
take! ' Eact? basin was reviewed and note was
thn • Wnen P°'nt anti nonpoint impacts were affecting
"Vers during the time of sampling.
: 'Water pollution, 'Iowa, Water quality,
sins, Rivers, Water quality data.
A?r"3° 45a/7
PC A05/MF A01
Data for Nonmetalllc Inorganic Ions:
SO4= from the National Air Survell-
r/
Cu.Qual'ty Data for Nonmetalllc
£n.+1 N°3'. SO4= from the Nat
Ern/ Net*«"'k8, 1976. Final rept.,
"lr°n
>nvironmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
i"anaie Park, NC.
1H. Fair, Raymond C. Rhodes, E. Gardner
ohn C. Puzak, and Frank E. Butler. Jun 79,
g-r-wr-ft/600/4-79/041
"°e also report for 1975, PB-285 067.
tin.TjP'es collected during 1976 by the cooperating sta-
Pro^rt tne National Air Surveillance Networks (NASN)
and ^ 'ne c'a'a 'or summarizing the annual urban
or ° n9nurban concentrations of three nonmetallic Sn-
are ion?in suspended particulate matter. The ions
are n monium nitrate and sulfate. Concentration data
fi^Presented as cumulative frequency distributions.
• ™ arithmetic and geometric means and standard de-
""ris are also reported.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ammonium compounds,
'Sulfates, 'Inorganic nitrates,
Concentration(Composition), Metropolitan areas,
Rural areas, United States, Tables(Oata), 'Air quality
data.
PB-300 459/5 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Biological Screening of Complex Samples from
Industrial/Energy Processes. Special rept. Sep 78-
Jul 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. G. Sexton. Aug 79,24p EPA/600/8-79/021
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
The report describes a cooperative project between
EPA/IERL-RTP and EPA health and ecological labora-
tories to establish a biological screening program for
complex samples from industrial and energy process-
es. The report summarizes the program elements and
their application to various complex environmental
samples. Results from the application of this program
show that it is effective for screening complex mix-
tures. The report also describes the data formatiing
procedures used to report results from a diversity of bi-
ological tests in a meaningful way. It also compares
the biological screening approach to pjroposed pro-
grams from other EPA program offices: the compari-
son shows a similarity in the approach for biological
screening within EPA.
Keywords: 'Screenings, 'Toxicology, Programs, Na-
tional government, Samples, Tests, Programs, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, 'Toxic substances, Pol-
lution control, Stationary sources.
PB-300 460/3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effects on
Vegetation - Photometric Analysis of Aerial Pho-
tographs,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
C. Daniel Sapp. Jun 79,41p TVA/ONR-79/01, EPA/
600/7-7-79-138
Color Illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Spectral reflectances were measured by tri-band den-
sitometry of aerial color-infrared photographs of soy-
bean (Glycine mas fields that had been affected by
sulfur dioside (SO2) emissions from large, coal-fired
power plants in northwestern Alabama and western
Tennessee. The photographs were photometriacally
calibrated. Results indicate that, at very light levels of
foliar injury, the infrared-to-red reflectance ration de-
creased with increasing injury. This behavior was in ac-
cordance with theory. However, at moderate and
severe levels of injury, the ratio increased with injury.
The best indicator of crop yield was green band reflec-
tance, but the red and infrared bands were nearly as
good. The yield variable actually increased with the
level of injury, apparently because of field-to-field vari-
ations in canopy density.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Coal, 'Vegetation, 'Air
pollution, 'Infrared photography, Soybean plants,
Electric power plants, Plant tissues, Damage, Infrared
mapping, Correlation, Yield, Color photography, 'Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB-300 469/4 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Stationary Source
NOx Control Technologies. Annual rept. no. 2, Jun
77-Jun 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Aerotherm Div.
L. R. Waterland, K. J. Lim, K. G. Salvesen, R. M.
Evans, and E. G. Higginbotham. Jun 79,201 p EPA/
600/7-79/147
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-279 083.
The report summarizes results of the 2nd year of an
environmental assessment of stationary source NOx
control technologies. The 2nd year effort focused on:
(a) characterizing the baseline (uncontrolled) environ-
mental impact of stationary combustion sources; (b)
developing fuel consumption and NOx emission inven-
tories and projecting these to the year 2000; (c) field
testing selected stationary combustion sources to de-
termine multimedia pollutant emissions under both
baseline and controlled (for NOx) operation; (d) per-
forming process engineering and environmental as-
sessment studies of NOx controls applied to utility and
industrial boilers and to gas turbines; (e) assembling
and exercising reactive air quality models in systems
analysis applications; and (f) developing source analy-
sis models for environmental impact evaluation. The
report summarizes program results in each of these
areas. Preliminary NOx control technology analysis for
utility boilers indicates that off-stoichiometric combus-
tion and low NOx burners (LNB) are the preferred tech-
niques for both retrofit and new applications. For coal
firing, overfire air operation and LNB are both cost ef-
fective; LNB is preferred for new wall-fired boilers. For
oil and gas firing, staged combustion with burners out
of service is recommended.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, En-
vironmental impacts, Fuel consumption, Air pollution,
Mathematical models, Boilers, Forecasting, Stationary
sources, Coal combustion.
PB-300 470/2 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Lagrangian Photochemical Air Quality Simula-
tion Model: Adaptation to the St. Louis - RAPS
Data Base. Volume I. Model Formulation. Final
rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., West-
lake Village, CA. Environmental Analysis Div.
Fred Lurman, Daniel Godden, AlanC. Lloyd, and
Richard A. Nordsieck. Jun 79,152p EPA/600/8-79/
015A
Contract EPA-68-02-2765
See also Volume 2, PB-300 471.
A Lagrangian photochemical air quality simulation
model has been adapted to the St. Louis, Missouri/Illi-
nois metropolitan region and the Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) aerometric and emissions data base.
This adaptation was performed to provide a means for
EPA to independently assess the validity of a state-of-
the-art Lagrangian photochemical model. Chemical ki-
netic oxidation mechanisms involving hydrocarbons,
nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides and a vertical diffu-
sion formulation developed by Environmental Re-
search and Technology Inc. for modeling reactive pol-
lutants in the troposphere are described Methods for
determining model input parameters are discussed
and model results for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfate are presented for
three summer days in 1976. In considering so few sim-
ulations, no firm conclusions concerning model reli-
ability are possible, although predicted pollutant con-
centrations are of reasonable levels. Most noteworthy
for future users, the results suggest that the model
may predict less ozone than is actually generated in St.
Louis. Uncertainty in initial conditions of ozone and or-
ganic species is likely responsible for this discrepancy
between observed and computed values.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Photochemical reactions. Reaction kinetics, Oxida-
tion, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides. Sulfur oxides,
Troposphere, Ozone, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), Atmosphere diffusion,
Algorithms, Missouri, Illinois, 'Air quality, 'Lagrangian
photochemical model, Homogeneous reactions,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, State of the art, Re-
gional Air Pollution Study, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB-300 471/0 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Lagrangian Photochemical Air Quality Simula-
tion Model: Adaptation to the St. Louis - RAPS
Data Base. Volume II. User's Manual. Final rept,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., West-
lake Village, CA. Environmental Analysis Div.
Fred Lurmann, Daniel Godden, Alan C. Lloyd, and
Richard A. Nordsieck. Jun 79,448p EPA/600/8-79/
0158
Contract EPA-68-02-2765
See also Volume 1, PB-300 470.
A set of instructions have been compiled for use of a
Lagrangian photochemical air quality simulation model
adapted to the St. Louis, Missouri/Illinois metropolitan
region and the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS)
data base. The computer model, developed by Envi-
ronmental Research and Technology, Inc., consists of
a set of computer programs for the simulation of at-
mospheric transport, turbulent diffusion, and chemical
kinetics of photochemical pollutants. The model is
December 1983 741
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
used to predict atmospheric concentrations of ozone,
nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and
sulfate within an air column moving at the mean wind
speed. Descriptions 9f the meteorological, source
emissions, and air quality data requirements, as well as
sample input and output files, are provided, the com-
putational procedures for using the model and a listing
of the computer code are included.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
•Computerized simulation, Atmospheric diffusion,
Transport properties, Reaction kinetics, Photochemi-
cal reactions, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Computer programs,
Fortran, *Air quality, *Lagrangian photochemical
model, Regional Air Pollution Study, Saint
Louis(Missouri), METMOD computer program,
EMMOD computer program, KEMOD computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB-300 474/4 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos and Gastro-lntestinal Cancer: Cell Cul-
ture Studies. Final rept. Jan 76-Dec 78,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY. Naylor
Dana Inst. for Disease Prevention.
B. Reiss, J. H. Weisburger, and G. M. Williams. Jul 79,
48p EPA/600/1-79/023
Grant EPA-R-803998-01
Three forms of asbestos: amosite, crocidolite, and
chrysptile, were assayed for their cytotpxicity and mu-
tagenicity in cell clture. Using embjryonic human intes-
tine derived and adult rat liver derived epitelial cells,
the order of toxicity was chrysotile > amosite = cro-
cidolite. Leaching in acid slightly increased the toxicity
of amosite and crocidolite and greatly decreased the
toxicity of chrysotile. High concentrations of all three
asbestos forms were not mutagenic in cultures of rat
liver-derived epithelial cells.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Malignant neoplasms, "Gas-
trointestinal system, "Toxicology, Silicate minerals,
Humans, Intestines, Liver, Rats,
Concentration(Cimposition), Recommendations, Ex-
posure, Air pollution, In vitro analysis, Embryos, Mice,
"Cancer, "Cell cltures, Cytotoxicity, Mutagenesis,
"Toxic substances, Environmental health, "Air polluion
effects(Humans), Biological effects.
PB-300 476/9 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Demonstration Approach for Improving Per-
formance and Reliability of Biological Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Final rept.,
M and I, Inc., Fort Collins, GO.
Bob A. Hegg, Kerwin L. Rakness, and James R.
Schultz. Jun 79,64p EPA/600/2-79/035
Contract EPA-68-03-2224
Recent documentation of the performance of publicly
owned wastewater treatment facilities has indicated
that a significant percentage of facilities are not meet-
ing design and/or permit effluent quality requirements.
A research activity was implemented to Identify, quan-
tify and rank the factors limiting plant performance at
thirty treatment facilities. A method (Composite Cor-
rection Programs) of improving plant effluent quality
was also developed. A CCP is designed to address all
factors which limit the performance of a particular facil-
ity. A CCP was implemented at the Havre, Montana
Wastewater Treatment Plant and a significant im-
provement in plant effluent resulted which allowed
permit standards to be met consistently. The potential
improvement in plant performance that could be
achieved if CCP's were implemented at all thirty facili-
ties evaluated was projected. The mass of BOD5 and
TSS discharged to the receiving streams would be re-
duced by 490 metric tons/year (540 tons/year) and
470 metric tons/year (515 tons/year), respectively.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Performance, Im-
provement, Activated sludge process, Trickling filters,
Settling, Design, Licenses, Ranking, Standards, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Streams, Reduction, Waste
water, Montana, 'Sewage treatment plants, Suspend-
ed solids.
PB-300 479/3 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
742 Vol. 83, No. 26
Weekend/Weekday Differences In Oxldants and
Their Precursors. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Yujl Horle, Joseph Cassmassi, Larry Lai, and Louis
Gurtowski. Mar 79,150p EPA/450/4-79/013
Contract EPA-68-02-2595
Differences between weekend and weekday oxidant
and oxidant precursor concentrations in the Northeast-
ern United States are examined. Statistical tests are
employed to assess whether any differences in daily
maximum oxidant concentrations are significant.
Weekend/weekday differences in meteorology are
also examined for any potential impact on weekend/
weekday differences in oxidants. Oxidant concentra-
tions are adjusted in an attempt to account for vari-
ations in meteorology, and weekend/weekday differ-
ences in the adjusted values are examined. Finally,
statistical tests are used to determine significant differ-
ences in early morning oxidant precursor concentra-
tions. The analyses revealed that oxidant concentra-
tions downwind of major urban areas tend to be lower
on weekends. However, the reductions are not as
large as those observed in precursor concentrations
within the major urban areas. Reductions in weekend
oxidant concentrations at locations within the major
urban areas are not as great as those at downwind lo-
cations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorology, Urban
areas, Wind(Meteorology), Sites, Nitrogen oxides, At-
mospheric motion, "Northeast Regionfunited States),
"Air quality data.
PB-300 480/1 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Petroleum Refineries,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Kris Barrett, and Alan Goldfarb. Jan 79,91 p* MTR-
7825, EPA/450/3-79/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart J - Petrole-
um Refineries. It includes a summary of the current
standards, the status of current applicable control
technology, and the ability of refineries to meet the
current standards. Compliance test results are ana-
lyzed and recommendations are made for possible
modifications and additions to the standard, including
future studies needed for unresolved issues.
Keywords: Air pollution control, "Petroleum products,
"Refineries, Standards, Regulations, Revision, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Technology, Sources, Hy-
drocarbons, Reviews, Stationary sources.
PB-300 481/9 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Study of the Nature of Ozone, Oxides of Nitrogen,
and Nonmethana Hydrocarbons In Tulsa, Oklaho-
ma. Volume I. Protect Description and Data Sum-
maries,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, C. E. Decker, J. B. Tommerdahl, and F. E.
Dimmock. Apr 79,219p EPA/450/4-79/008A
Contract EPA-68-02-2808
See also Volume 2, PB-297 801.
This volume describes the project and summarizes the
data. The monitoring network consisted of eight RTI
ground sites and two Tulsa City/County Health Depart-
ment sites. An airborne measurements program em-
ploying a Piper Navaho B was an integral part of the
study and is described in detail. Surface data are sum-
marized through tables of mean daily concentrations,
cumulative frequency distributions, and diurnal plots,
etc. Also included in this volume are: descriptions and
results of the quality control and quality assurance as-
pects of the field study; an appendix describing the
sampling and analytical methodology for GC/FID iden-
tificaton of hydrocarbons; and an appendix describing
the sampling and analysis by GC/MS of volatile organ-
ic compounds collected on f ENAX-GC polymer.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, Sites, Monitoring, Chemical
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Sampling, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Aerial surveys, Oklahoma,
"Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
"Tulsa(Oklahoma).
PB-300 524/6 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnau,
OH
Processing Chrome Tannery Effluent to Meet
Best Available Treatment Standards. Final rept.,
Lawrence (A. C.) Leather Co., Winchester, NH.
Lawrence K. Barber, Ernest R. Ramirez, and William L.
Zemaitis. Jul 79,165p EPA/600/2-79/110
Grant EPA-S-804504
Prepared in cooperation with Swift Environmental ays-
terns, Chicago, IL, and Envirobic Systems, New York.
To satisfy stream discharge requirements at its Win-
chester, N.H., chrome tan shearling tannery, the A. o.
Lawrence Leather Co., Inc. selected primary and sec-
ondary systems that are unique as applied to tannery
effluent treatment in the United States. Primary cianu-
cation is accomplished by means of coagulation ana
flotation, using electrolytic as well as mechanics
micro-bubble generation. The secondary biologica
section is a so-called CARROUSEL, TM a technical
modification of the Passveer oxidation ditch. During
the 12-month study, complete analytical data repre-
senting winter as well as summer operating conditions
were acquired along with operating cost data. This
report presents these data and describes the design
and operation of the system. Possible applications 01
the same principles to other tannery wastewaters are
also suggested.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Leather, "Tan-
ning materials, "Industrial waste treatment, 'Activated
sludge process, Clarification, Coagulation, Flotation,
Operating costs, Economic analyses, Process chart-
ing, Design, Performance evaluation, Equipment,
Chromizing, "Biological industrial waste treatment,
Wet methods, Waste water reuse. ..
f
PB-300 536/0 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div. -..'
Groundwater Quality Monitoring of Western OH
Shale Development: Identification and Priority
Ranking of Potential Pollution Sources,
Generaf Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies. _ ,„ ..,.-,
Guenton C. Slawson, Jr. Jan 79,241p GE77TMP-81,
EPA/600/7-79/023
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report presents the development of a preliminary
priority ranking of potential pollution sources with re-
spect to groundwater quality and the associated pollut-
ants for oil shale operations such as proposed for Fed-
eral Prototype Leases U-a and U-b in Eastern Utah.
The methodology used includes description of bacK-
ground information and the proposed oil shale oper-
ations as potential pollution sources, characteristics ot
potential pollutants, area water use, the hydrogeologic
framework of the project area, and existing water qual-
ity. This information base is then used to evaluate the
potential mobility of pollutants in the subsurface
through consideration of infiltration, and mobility ana
attenuation processes in unsaturated and saturated
zones. These facts lead to the preliminary priority rank-
ing based on the magnitude of the sources; the toxici-
ty, persistence, etc., of the potential pollutants; the mo-
bility of pollutants in the subsurface; and the potential
for harm to water users.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Ground water, "Water pol-
lution, "Mine waters, Oil shale, Solid waste disposal,
Hydrogeology, Ranking, Monitoring, "Oil shale mining,
Energy source development, Mine wastes.
PB-300 540/2 PC A10/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of Surface Mining
Methods: Head-of-Hollow Fill and Mountalntop
Removal. Interim rept. Nov 75-Jan 77,
Skelly and Loy, Harrisburg, PA.
John D. Robins, and John C. Hutchins. Jul 79,223p*
EPA/600/7-79/062
Contract EPA-68-03-2356
The study explores the environmental impact of the
mining and reclamation techniques employed in West
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Virgin a and Kentucky mountaintop removal and head-
w-hoiiow till sites. The project is divided into four major
=JTOn'tne "rst three of which are discussed in this m-
erlm Report: I. State-of-the-Art Review, II. General En-
li2™"*rrt«l Assessment of West Virginia and Ken-
Lu1c.ky.Mlnas Sites, III. Intensive Mine Site Monitoring
«na Environmental Assessment in Both States, and IV.
^valuation and Update of Construction Guidelines.
me2w°,rds: 'Surface mining, 'Coal mining, 'Environ-
mental impacts, 'Land reclamation, Reviews, West
nia, Kentucky, Earth fills, Assessments, Soil stabi-
on, Spoil, Disposal, Water quality, Mountaintop re-
•' g, Head of hollow fills.
PCA07/MFA01
.» Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
f>9lePark,NC.
.
TrfS,^ of Ammonia Utilization by NOx Flue Gas
Nati *nt Pr°cesses. Final rept. Aug 77-Nov 78,
Sho i Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle
};*• Burnett, and H. L. Faucett. Jan 79, 133p TVA-Y-
'34, EPA/600/7-79/011
|he report gives results of a study of the impact of am-
3°n'a (NH3) utilization by NOx flue gas treatment
)L~P Processes. The most technolologically ad-
X2"ffd FGT system for the highly efficient (about
2"») removal of NOx from power plang stack gas is
elective catalytic reduction (SCR) using NH3. A major
nfSjPn"0 consideration in the widespread application
ls tne impact of this demand on the domestic
cn. . Annual NH3 requirements for NOx FGT
anri 2f new' 'ossil-fuel-fired boilers were calculated
z™ Predicted for the
1 978-2000. The total NH3
was also projected for the same period and
pared with the projected annual demand for NOx
FGT he 8fudv concludes that NH3 demand for NOx
slnl systems will begin gradually and rise at relatively
Mm [ 88' 9'vin9 the domestic NH3 market adequate
{Vne to adjust to the increased demand. Under other
•an study assumptions (e.g., requiring retrofit of NOx
-JJ" systems on all large boilers), significant impacts
0,2 Jnarket disruptions are foreseen. The cuttent and
arvl vred NH3 production techniques were outlined
m?*J? 1978 unit production cost tor NH3 was -
""red for four potential feedstocks.
esti-
Sunn"/0 n
M«H fir Ec°
acturl
*Air pollution control,
rs(Materials), 'Ammonia, Electric power
Nitrogen oxides, Catalysis, Industrial wastes,
8?0 n products, Chemical feedstocks,
Ec°nomics), Demand(Economics), Boilers,
rln9. Process charting, Design, Economic
lue gases.
PC A04/MF A01
ErtJ Mar-20 Nov 74,
V«n.onrnemal Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
.veaa8,NV. * r
"Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
• K. Morris. Jun 79, 56p EPA/600/3-79/062
Vto. reJ? in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
V89as. Dept of Biological Sciences.
(toi?J8 a dflta report presenting the species and abun-
S5P« of ohvtoplankton in the 15 lakes sampledby the
Result «utrophication Survey in the State of Iowa.
dS; om 'he calculation of several water quality in-
IrSlt ?fe al80 included (Nygaard's Trophic State
M£?- Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
u«wsity and abundance indices).
'Lakes, * Phytoplankton, 'Iowa, Distribu-
nc|arice Water quati^t Aquatic microbiology,
control, Occurrence, Plankton, Eu-
O «0«/5 PC A03/MF A01
of Phytoplankton In Missouri Lakes.
Van. mental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
U lj?8' NV.
.Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
W- Lambou. Jun 79, 37p EPA/600/3-79/065
in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
. of Biological Sciences.
N»u of Phytoplankton in the 6 lakes sampled by the
a"°nal Eutrophication Survey in the State of Missou-
ri, Results from the calculation of several water quality
indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Pollution Index, and species diversity
and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Missouri, Surveys, Abundance, Dlstributlon(Property),
Indexes(Ratios), Sites, Tables(Oata), Taxonomy, 'Eu-
trophication, 'Trophic level, 'Water quality data, Spe-
cies diversity.
PB-300 611/1 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Environmental Assessment: Short-Term Tests for
Carcinogens, Mutagene and Other Qenotoxlc
Agents. Technology transfer rept.,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Ann frontell, and Jan Connety. Jul 79,35p EPA/615/
9-79/003
Prepared In cooperation with Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared for Envi-
ronmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Short-term tests have been developed to serve as
rapid and relatively inexpensive predictors of a chemi-
cal's potential to cause chronic effects. These tests
employ bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, isolated mam-
malian cells and whole animals. Short-term teals can
detecta chemical's genotoxicity, that is, its ability to
alter a cell's genetic material (ONA). The document is
organized into five sections. The first section dis-
cusses how short-term tests can contribute to hazard
assessment, while the second describes the scientific
basis and techniques of short-term tests. A general
strategy for how short-term tests can be used to detect
a chemical's potential long-term toxicity is outlined in
the third section. Some program applications of short-
term test research are presented in the fourth section,
and the fifth section describes some of the current re-
search activities. An overall perspective concludes the
document. A glossary of technical terms is provided at
the end of the document along with an appendix of
technical information on specific short-term tests.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, "Mutagens, 'Toxicology,
Genetics, Environments, Assessments, Prediction,
Tests, Cells(Biology), Deoxyribonuclelc acids, Haz-
ards, Trends, Research, Stategies, Programs, Utiliza-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Genotoxins.
PB-300 623/6 PC A04/MF A01
Recovery of By-Products from Animal Wastes: A
Literature Review. State-of-the-art rept.,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R. Douglas Kreis. Aug 79,62p' EPA/600/2-79/142
The primary purpose of this report was to Identify and
summarize by-product-from-anlmal-wastes-recovery
processes from the current literature. By-product re-
covery processes are distinguishable from wastes
reuse and recycle processes by the formation of a
chemically or physically changed product or by-prod-
uct from the wastes as produced. Most of the schemes
investigated were grouped into either biological or
thermochemical processes. Methane production, a bi-
ological process utilizing anaerobic fermentation of the
wastes, is receiving the greatest amount of popular
and scientific attention. The economics of methane
storage is the strongest deterrent to the development
of this process for widespread application. Thermo-
chemical processes Investigated include conversion to
oil and oil-like tars; anhydrous ammonia synthesis gas
and ethylene; hydrogasificatlon; manufacture of
carbon black, carbon black substitutes, and fillers and
foaming agents in foam glass construction materials;
and other fuels and construction products.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, Anaerobic processes,
Fermentation, Thermochemistry, Methane, Gasifica-
tion, Carbon black, Foaming agents, Fuels, Plastics,
Byproducts, Design, Process charting, Cost analysis,
Pyrolysis, Laboratory equipment, Ethylene, 'Manure,
•Synthetic fuels, Manufactured gas, 'Solid wastes, Bi-
ological processes.
PB-300 631/9 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Waste Stabilization Lagoon Microorganism Re-
moval Efficiency and Effluent Disinfection with
Chlorine. Final rept. Aug 75-Aug 76,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
Bruce A. Johnson, Jeffrey L. Wight, David S. Bowles,
James H. Reynolds, and E. Joe Middlebrooks. Jul 79,
385p EPA/600/2-79/018
Contract EPA-68-03-2151
of a multi-cell lagoon system in removing coliform bac-
teria by natural means without the need for disinfec-
tion. Results indicate that adequate disinfection was
obtained with combined chlorine residual within a con-
tact period of 60 minutes. Filtered effluent was found
to exert less chlorine demand tha unfiltered. Tempera-
ture, sulfide, and total chemical oxygen demand were
the most important factors affecting the chlorine dose
necessary to achieve a specified bacteriological qual-
ity. A mathematical model was developed and a series
of design curves were constructed for use in selecting
the optimal chlorine dosages needed for achieving
prescribed levels of disinfection. Total and fecal coil-
form removal in the lagoon system was related to hy-
draulic residence time. Coliform die-away rate was 16
times greater in summer months, than in winter
months.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
•Disinfection, 'Chlqrination, Microorganisms, Coliform
bacteria, Mathematical models, Stability, Performance
evaluation, Concentration(Composition), Comparison,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Computer programs.
PB-300 669-SET PC E10
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Fob 79,405p-in4v
Set includes PB-300 670 thru PB-300 673.
No abstract available.
PB-300 670/7 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes; Master Test Plan. Final rept. Jun 77-Jan
79,
Battetle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. A. Tolle, D. W, Neuendorf, and P. Van Voris. Feb 79,
77pEPA/600/7-79/073A
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 1, PB-300 671.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E10, PB-300 669-
SET.
The report gives a master test plan, presenting the ob-
jectives and general structure of a field testing pro-
gram designed for an environmental source assess-
ment of coal cleaning processes. The report, to be
used to prepare test plans for individual coal cleaning
sites, reflects the common thread running through a
series of various sites. It includes the background and
objectives of Battelle's overall program for EPA, enti-
tled 'Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes'. The report emphasizes the philosophy of
the field testing program and the elements of sampling
and sample analysis which are common to all test
sites. Coal cleaning facilities to be tested in the 10 site
categories will be evaluated at three sampling and an-
alytical levels. Level 1 tests identify problem areas that
are assessed by the more rigorous Level 2 tests. Level
3 involves long-term monitoring of 'key' indicator pa-
rameters which have been identified in the environ-
mentally hazardous streams tested by Level 2 tech-
niques. Environmental source assessments will: sys-
tematically evaluate the physical, chemical, and bio-
logical characteristics of selected process streams
and all effluent streams; predict the potential effects of
those streams on the environment; rank the streams
according to their relative biological toxicity; and identi-
fy areas requiring further research and development.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Desulfurization, Assessments, Solid waste disposal,
Air pollution, Sources, Field tests, Sampling, Water
pollution, Cargo transportation, Storage, Design, Proc-
ess charting, Ecology, Public health, "Air pollution
abatement, Fugitive emissions.
December 1983 743
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-300 671/5 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes; First Annual Report; Volume I. Execu-
tive Summary. Annual rept. Jul 76-Sep 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. W. Lemmon, Jr., S. E. Rogers, G. L. Robinson, V. Q.
. Hale, and G. E. Raines. Jun 79, 75p EPA/600/7-79/
073B
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also PB-300 670 and Volume 2, PB-300 672.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E10, PB-300 669-
SET.
The report gives results of the first year's work on an
environmental assessment of coal cleaning process-
es. A short base of engineering, ecological, pollution
control, and cost data is being established through
data gathering and systems analysis efforts. In addi-
tion to program management, three task areas are de-
fined: system studies, data acquisition, and general
program support. Early availability is anticipated for
draft reports of progress for three subtasks: (a) devel-
oping information on coal cleaning process technolo-
gy; (b) defining the technological and cost status of the
control of pollutants from coal cleaning and refusal dis-
posal; and (c) establishing criteria for meeting environ-
mental goals. (A fourth subtask, acquiring process
data, was terminated to avoid duplication.) Progress
has been made on data acquisition subtasks, aimed at
the planning needed as the forerunner of the anticipat-
ed environmental field testing program: (a) developing
and describing the overall environmental test program;
(b) developing the rationale for selection and selecting
the evaluation sites; (c) specifying the experimental
testing techniques to be used; and (d) developing the
master site test plan. (Ten site categories have been
specified for testing.) General program support in-
cludes: (a) obtaining background environmental data,
and (b) operating a coal cleaning information center.
Keywords: *Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Desulfurization, Sources, Air pollution,
Technology, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Forecasting, Data acquisition, Surface water runoff,
Performance evaluation, Sampling, Field tests, Cost
analysis, Public health, Substitutes, 'Air pollution
abatement, Chemical treatment, Physical treatment.
PB-300 672/3 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes; First Annual Report. Volume II. De-
tailed Report. Annual rept. Jul 76-Sep 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. W. Lemmon, Jr., .S E. Rogers, G. L. Robinson, V. Q.
Hale, and G. E. Raines. Jun 79,188p EPA/600/7-79/
073C
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 1, PB-300 671 and PB-300 673.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E10, PB-300 669-
SET.
Contents:
Current environmental background;
Environmental objectives development;
Environmental data acquisition;
Control technology assessment;
Environmental alternatives analysis;
Technology transfer;
Future efforts.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Desulfurization, Technology, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal Data acqui-
sition, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Public
health, Forecasting, Substitutes, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB-300 673/1 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes; Selection of Test Sites for Source
Test Program. Final rept. Dec 77-Dec 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. A. Tolle, R. E. Thomas, R. K. Markarian, and V. Q.
Hale, Jul 79,65p EPA/600/7-79/073D
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 2, PB-300 672.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E10, PB-300 669-
SET.
The report describes the selection of coal claning
plants at which field testing and sampling will be con-
ducted to support the environmental assessment of
the pollution potential of various coat cleaning proc-
esses. The approach was to select a few plants (repre-
senting extremes in variables considered important in
evaluating the pollution potential of these types of
plants) from which data may be obtained. Site selec-
tion involved: (1) classifying plants into a number of
site categories; and (2) gathering additional detailed in-
formation on specific plants and applying secondary
constraints to a single suitable site for sampling in
each site category identified in step (1). Step (1) as-
sumes that all sites are equal within each category; in
step (2), however, the best or most representative site
within a category is to be selected. Classifying plants
into various site categories is based on four criteria
(variables): the acid neutralization potential of the soil
surrounding the plant, the pyritic sulfur content of run-
of-mine coal, the average annual precipitation, and the
process technology. An initial sorting of the more than
400 known coal cleaning plants produced lists of
plants which correspond to each of the 10 site catego-
ries. Imposing constraints reduced the number of po-
tential test sites to 45. Site visits, to acquire additional
information, are necessary before the final sampling
sites can be selected.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Field tests, Sites, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Desulfurization, Soil
analysis, Sampling, Benefit cost analysis, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB-300 680/6 PC A06/MF A01
Automotive Propulsion. Final Report: Automotive
Propulsion Systems Pilot Study (Propulsion Auto-
mobile. Rapport Final: Etude Pllote de Systemes
Prqpulseurs Automobiles).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Mar 78,114pCCMS-76
NATO furnished. Sponsored in part by Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
The NATO/CCMS Automotive Propulsion Systems
(APS) Pilot Study has been an important factor influ-
encing and accelerating the trend toward increased
international cooperation in the transportation sector--
on national, international, and private bases. The
prime effort of the Pilot Study has been devoted to or-
ganizing and implementing four international symposia
in 1973,1974,1975, and 1977 in accordance with the
provision of the LPPSD Memorandum of Understand-
ing. The Working Group has agreed that from a tech-
nological viewpoint, much stronger relationships and
benefits could be derived from projects focused on
specific problem areas and development themes. Sev-
eral areas have been discussed and recommended for
initial exploration of specific international cooperative
projects; namely, Power systems and components,
High temperature materials, Alternative fuels, Electric
and hybrid vehicle systems and, Harmonization or cor-
relation of emission standards and procedures. The
findings of the Pilot Study have resulted in three reso-
lutions regarding national programs for automotive re-
search and development and in four recommendations
establishing a framework for fostering continued inter-
national cooperation. These resolutions and recom-
mendations are provided in this report.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Technology assess-
ment, Gas turbine engines, Diesel engines, Stirling
cycle engines, Electric vehicles, Stratified charge en-
gines, Rankine cycle, Exhaust emissions, Automotive
transmissions, NATO furnished.
PB-300 681/4 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Phosphate Fertilizer Indus-
try. Final rept. May 76-Mar 79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. M. Nyers, G. D. Rawlings, E, A. Mullen, C. M.
Moscowitz, and R. B. Reznik. May 79, 203p* MRC-DA-
895, EPA/600/2-79/019C
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-256 310.
The report describes a study of air emissions, water ef-
fluents, and solid residues resulting from the manufac-
ture of phosphate fertilizers. It includes the production
of wet process phosphoric acid, superphosphoric acid,
normal superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and
ammonium phosphate. Air emissions from production
of phosphate fertilizers include particulates, fluorides,
ammonia, and sulfur oxides. Phosphate fertilizer plants
control air emissions by a combination of cyclones,
baghouses, and wet scrubbers. Material handling op-
erations are generally enclosed to reduce fugitive par-
ticulate emissions. Only fluoride emissions from curing
and storage at normal superphosphate plants are typi-
cally uncontrolled. Water effluents from the production
operations arise from wet scrubbers, barometric con-
densers, steam ejectors, gypsum slurry, and acid
sludge. Noncontact cooling water is normally segre-
gated from other wastewater streams. Wastewaters
are contaminated with phosphates, fluorides, sulfates
and gypsum. Process water is discharged to large
gypsum ponds for storage and recycle; it is normally
not discharged to surface streams. Solid residues gen-
erated at phosphoric acid plants are gypsum from the
filtration of wet process phosphoric acid, wet process
phosphoric acid sludge, and solids suspended in the
wet scrubber liquor.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Phosphates, 'Environmental
surveys, Sources, Assessments, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Manufacturing, cy-
clone separators, Scrubbers, Particles, Technology,
Industrial wastes. Process charting, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Filtration, Sludge disposal, Bagn-
ouses, Wet methods, Fugitive emissions.
PB-300 682/2 PC A07/MF A01
Problems of Inner City Areas (Polltlque d'Amena-
gement des Centres Vllles).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Aug78,149pCCMS-91
NATO furnished. Summary in French. Errata sheet in-
serted. Proceedings of CCMS Round Table Discus-
sions, Held at Brussels, Belgium on 14-15 Mar 78.
The report discusses and defines inner city areas and
offers solutions to improve them. '
Keywords: 'Urban development, 'Central city, Urban
planning, Quality of life, Urban sociology, Economic.
development, Urban renewal, Roads, Urban transpor-
tation, Blighted areas, Housing, Meetings.
PB-300 759/8 PC A04/MF A•
chlorobenzoic acid, 4-chlororesorcinol, 5-chlorouracn.
5-chlorouridine, 6-chloroguanine or 8-chlorocaffeine ai
a concentration of 0.1 ppm, alone or in combinations
of up to 4 chemicals, had no significant effect on the
yield of Scenedesmus obliguus, Selenastrum capricor-
nutum, Microcystis aeruginosa, Dunaliella tertiolecta,
Skeltonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, ana
Porphyridium sp. 4-Chlororesorcinol and 5-chlorouraci
were taken up by certain species but neither chemical
was accumulated to a high level. The uptake of chlor-
oresorcinol was considerably greater than that 01
chlorouacil. The uptake pf 3-chlorobenzoic acid by the
phytoplankton was negligible. 4-Chlororesorcinpl was
readily degraded in aqueous solution by the action Ot
simulated sunlight and both Skeltonema and Selenas-
trum took up chlororesorcinol as well as its photode-
gradation products from the medium. Neither Skeltpn-
ema nor Selenastrum were able to metabolize 4-chlor-
oresorcinol in the dark but appeared to transform it to
some extent into more polar material(s) in the light.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Chlorination, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, 'Sewage treatment, Metabolism,
Growth, Fresh water biology, Marine biology.
Concentration(Composition), Scenedesmus obliguu*'
Uptake, Microcystic aeruginosa, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Bioaccumulation, Dunaliella tertio-
lecta, Skeltonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudon-
ana, Porphyridium, Selenastrum capricornutum.
744 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
f.g-300 761/4 PC A04/MF A01
Utilization of Fly Ash and Coal Mine Refuse as a
«oad Base Material. Final rept. 1973-77,
[noustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
UH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
noger C. Wilmoth, and Robert B. Scott. Aug 79, 71 p
EPA-600/7-79/122
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted
a tour-year study to determine the feasibility of using fly
*sh and coal mine refuse as a road base in a parking
JM. The lot was divided into three areas each receiving
«<* same surface treatment but wit different ratios of
"V ash to refuse. Area 1 was composed of 75-percent
Jjpai mine refuse and 25-percent fly ash; Area 2 was
composed of the same material as Area 1 with the ad-
oraon of S percent by weight of lime; and. Area 3 con-
rj'ed solely of coal mine refuse. All areas were peri-
odically monitored and with the exception of Area 3
"We found to be environmentally acceptable. Physical
structural characteristics of the road base material in-
"fated that these waste products can be successfully
used as a base or subbase road material when proper-
ly compacted and/or stabilized.
Keywords: "Pavement bases, 'Construction materials,
wastes, Mines(Excavations), Fly ash, Waste dispos-
S> Technology assessment, Construction costs,
goad materials, 'Waste recycling, 'Mine wastes,
Solid wastes.
PJJ-300 763/0 PC A03/MF A01
"joustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
of the Ultraviolet-Ozone and Ultravlo-
"M«Utant Treatment of Pink Water. Final rept. 6
J"n 76-30 Deo 77,
Zl"y Armament Research and Development Com-
S"jfw. Dover, NJ. Large Caliber Weapon Systems Lab.
' Murphy' Jr' Jul 79' 41p
,
Sjk water, a solution of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other
"wpbodies, I* a major pollutant at ammunition plants
rwged either in the manufacture of TNT or in the
"wading, assembly, and packing of bombs and shells.
JJjan alternative to carbon adsorption for the treat-
US °' pink water, two new methods are reported
anil «! "rst involyln9 tne use of ultraviolet (uv)-ozone
jjjja the second using a uv-oxidant combination. In the
So, £ i y' a 3-79 cu™c Deters per day ((m sup 3)pd),
JSyatont to 1000 gallons per day (gpd), uv-ozone
C|?' system was evaluated. It was found that dissolved
Bar iif "^ "D* were reduced to less than one milligram
[J™ liter (mg/i) with no by-products requiring disposal.
Wi for a 19 m3pd (5000 gpd) pilot plant was pro-
a- In the second study, a uv-oxidant process for
of P'nl< water was examined. Commercially
v water purification units in conjunction with
8Ucn as hydrogen peroxide or Oxone, (a
^*" ' ' ' • ' '
fttinn t uopui, uuuuon, uv wavotengin, ana oper-
wjn pt the units in series rather than in parallel were
S2, nsd- A des'9n for a 379 m3Pd (100,000 gpd)
>""K-Water treatment plant was proposed.
Bywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Munitions Indus-
trLj aviol8t radiation, 'Ozonation, 'Oxidizera, Trini-
J"0'uene, Explosives, Design, RDX, Performance
Oxidation, Pilot plants.
m, 'Pink water.
Industrial waste
764/8 PC A05/MF A01
S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
b'j'Htock Feedlot Runoff Control by Vegetative
liiirw; ,Final rePl-9 Feb 76-8 Mfiy7a-
Datev **•at Urbana-Champaign.
s were installed to treat runoff from two
cantr in3'8' one dairy lot, and one swine feedlot in
izsri« ™nois. Two configurations were used-channel-
»oTr> 2* and overland flow. Runoff underwent settling
^Partial solids removal and was then applied directly
f.i{| Wtatlve filter area. Runoff from most smaller rain-
"8vent8 infiltrated completely, resulting in no dis-
- Runoff from larger events partially infiltrated
i y discharged. Discharge sample analysis in-
a removal or over 95 percent of nutrients and
oxygen demanding materials on a mass balance basis
and over 80 percent reduction on a concentration
basis when compared to runoff applied to the filter
area. Discharge rates were very low and minimal dilu-
tion was necessary to meet state water quality stand-
ards. Design criteria were developed for overland flow
and channelized flow systems. The proposed criteria
would completely infiltrate runoff from small storm
events and provide adequate treatment for discharge
during larger events.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Vegetation, 'Filters, 'Water pol-
lution control, Beef cattle, Dairy cattle, Solids, Rainfall,
Fluid infiltration, Nutrients, Removal, Oxygen, Stand-
ards, Dissolved gases, Storms, Design criteria,
Grasses, Illinois, *Feedlot wastes, Manure, Storm
water runoff.
PB-300 765/5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Activated Carbon Process tor Treatment of
Wastewaters Containing Hexavalent Chromium.
Final rept.,
Delaware Univ., Newark.
C. P. Huang, and Alan R. Bowers. Jul 79,84p EPA/
600/2-79/130
Grant EPA-R-804656
The removal of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from
dilute aqueous solution by an activated carbon proc-
ess has been investigated. Two removal mechanisms
were observed; hexavalent chromium species were re-
moved by adsorption onto the interior carbon surface
and/or through reduction to the trivalent state at the
external carbon surface. The effects of Cr(VI) concen-
trations, pH, carbon dosage and extent of mixing in the
reaction vessel were studied in the batch mode and In
continuous flow packed column experiments in the
laboratory. The adsorptive capacity of the carbon and
the rates of Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction have been
determined. Thermal regeneration of the exhausted
carbon was examined, along with caustic or acid strip-
ping solutions and a combined caustic-thermal proc-
ess. A case study was presented and the experimental
data and rate expressions obtained from the data were
used to evaluate the design variables (I.e., pH, carbon
dose, CrtVI) concentration and mixing in the reaction
vessel). Several Cr(VI) treatment schemes were pro-
posed, together with an economic analysis of each
scheme.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Activated
carbon, 'Chromium, Adsorption,
Concentration(Composrtion), Industrial waste treat-
ment, Economic analysis, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Design, Performance evaluation.
PB-300 774/7 PC A21/MF A01
The Ecological Impact of Land Restoration and
Cleanup. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Aug 78,496p' EPA/520/3-78/006
The report is concerned with the ecological Impacts of
specific cleanup treatment on the land where they
were carried out. The cleanup procedures given apply
equally to chemical or radioactive materials. Guidance
is provided for cleanup procedures likely to be sug-
gested by government, industry, or environmental
groups. The basic types of cleanup procedures for re-
moving or deactiving spilled contamination involve
moving people and animals from the affected area,
scraping and grading the contaminated soil into wind-
rows, plowing the contamination under, or digging up
the contamination and hauling it away. The report de-
scribes and evaluates the various land-type cleanup
effects in terms of impact of the techniques on the en-
vironment Part I defines several natural ecosystems
and some of their natural derivations. Part II presents
managed ecosystems which are imposed on natural
ecosystems and are no longer bound by the Initial
native ecosystem balances. Part III deals with avion
and mammilian wild life displaced by cleanup.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Land reclamation, 'Cleaning,
'Radioactive materials, 'Pollution, Deactivation, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Removal, Cultivation, National
government, Industries, Organizations, Chemical prop-
erties, Deserts, Climate, Renovating, Fences, Cutting,
Flooding, Assessments, Grassland, Assessments,
Birds, Mammals, Wildlife, Chemical spills, 'Decontami-
nation.
PB-300 792/9
PC A04/MF A01
Lakes.
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Kansas
Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Nov 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Veaas, NV.
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Jun 79,53p EPA/600/3-79/063
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 15 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Kansas.
Results from the calculation of several water quality In-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Indexes(Ratios), Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Sites, Quality control, Surveys, Kansas, 'Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Species diversity, Bldndlca-
tors.
PB-300 793/7 PC A06/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Louisiana Lake*.
Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Nov 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris. W. D. Taylor,
and L. R. Williams. Jun 79,78p EPA/600/3-79/064
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 19 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Louisi-
ana. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Indexes(Ratios), Abundance, Distributlon(Property),
Sites, Quality control, Surveys, Louisiana, 'Eutrophica-
tion, 'Water quality data, Species diversity, Biolndtea-
tors.
PB-300 794/6 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Nebraska Lakes.
Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Nov 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams,
and S. C. Hern. Jun 79,40p EPA/600/3-79/066
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 9 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey In the State of Nebras-
ka. Results from the calculation of several water qual-
ity Indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance Indices).
tlon, 'Water quality data, Species diversity, Bloindtoa-
tors.
PB-300 795/2 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In North Dakota
Lakes. Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Nov 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Jun 79,50p EPA/600/3-79/067
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Los
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 14 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey In the State of North
Dakota. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also Included (Nygaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance Indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, •Lakes,
lndex«8(Rattos), Abundance, Dtetributlon(Property),
December 1983 745
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sites, Quality control, Surveys, North Dakota, 'Eutro-
phication, 'Water quality data. Species diversity, Bioin-
dicators.
PB-300 796/0 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Oklahoma Lakes.
Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Noy 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
S. C. Hern. V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
and W. D. Taylor. Jun 79,58p EPA/600/3-79/068
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Oept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 15 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Oklaho-
ma. Results from the calculation of several water qual-
ity Indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: *Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, "Lakes,
Indexes(Ratios), Abundance, Dlstribution(Property),
Sites, Qualty control, Surveys, Oklahoma, * Eutrophi-
cation, 'Water quality data, Species diversity, Bioindi-
cators.
PB-300 804/2
PC A08/MF A01
Needs Survey (1978) - Conveyance and Treatment
of Municipal Wastewater Summaries of Technical
Data. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
10Feb79, 162pEPA/FRD-2, EPA/430/9-79-002
This report is a part of the 1978 Needs Survey Report
and is a supplement to the Cost Estimate Report to the
Congress (FRD-1). It provides summaries of the de-
tailed technical and cost data reported in the Survey
for Categories I through IV. A separate supplemental
report has been prepared for Categories V and VI
(FRD-3). A description of the 1978 Survey methodolo-
gy is presented in Appendix I herein.
Keywords: 'Conveying, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
pollution control, 'Municipalities, Cost analysis, Waste
water, Flow rate, States(United States), Removal, Pop-
ulations, Activated sludge process, Carbon, Sludge
disposal, Cost estimates, Materials handling,
Tables(Data), Sand filtration, Aeration,
LagoonsfPonds), 'Sewage treatment plants, Organic
loading, Secondary treatment.
PB-300 851/3 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment:
Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four
Geothermal Systems,
Geonomics, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Subir Sanyal, and Richard Weiss. Nov 78,258p EPA/
600/7-78/207
Contract EPA-68-03-2468
This is the second in a series of reports concerning the
environmental assessments of effluent extraction,
energy conversion, and waste disposal in geothermal
systems. This study involves the subsurface environ-
mental impact of the Imperial Valley and The Geysers,
California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande
Rift Zone, New Mexico.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Water pollution.
Seismology, Subsidence, Environmental impacts, Im-
perial Valley, Geysers, Klamath Falls, Rio Grande Rift,
California, Oregon, New Mexico, 'Geothermal sys-
tems, 'Energy source development, Geothermal
fluids, Liquid waste disposal, Thermal pollution, Geo-
thermal resources.
PB-300 852/1 PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treat-
ment and Disposal Systems State-of-the-Art
Review. Volume I. Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Apr 79,691p* EPA/600/1-79/016A
Contract EPA-68-02-2257
See also Volume 2, PB-300 853.
The report with its annotated bibliography discusses
the scientific knowledge available through 1976 re-
garding the potential health effects associated with the
treatment of wastewater and associated sludges. Also
research projects in the area are noted as well as re-
search recommendations. The report is organized to
follow the contaminants present in wastewater
through the processes used by man to deal with it back
to human exposure. Efforts are made to discuss possi-
ble health effects resulting from the many processes
used.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge
disposal, Disease vectors, Water pollution, Reviews,
Bibliographies, Public health, Contaminants, Epidemi-
ology, Infectious diseases, Toxic diseases, Research,
Recommendations, State of the art, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health, Water pollu-
tion control, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants.
PB-300 853/9 PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treat-
ment and Disposal Systems State-of-the-Art
Review. Volume II. Annotated Bibliography. Part I:
A Through L. Final rept.
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Apr 79,893p* EPA/600/1-79/016B
Contract EPA-68-02-2257
See also Volume 1, PB-300 852.
The annotated bibliography covers the source docu-
ments used in the main text. For individual articles a
brief summary of the major topics of discussion is pre-
sented. For major reports a short description of their
content is provided. A subject index to the bibliography
is provided at the back of Volume II, Part 2.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge
disposal, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Disease vectors,
Water pollution, Reviews, Public health, Contaminants,
Public health, Epidemiology, Infectious diseases, Toxic
diseases, Research, Recommendations, State of the
art, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), Environmental
health, Water pollution control, 'Toxic substances,
Path of pollutants, Subject indexes.
PB-300 924/8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Assessment of a Proposed EPA Regulation Which
Would Reduce Carburetor Adjustability. Technical
rept.,
Burke (C. E.) Engineering Services, Livonia, Ml.
Michael W. Leiferman. 13 Aug 77,29p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology
Div.
The
an EPA regulation, targeted for the 1980 model year,
which would require that carburetor adjustments be
limited such that emission data certification vehicles
could meet emission standards regardless of carburet-
or adjustment settings.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Carburetors, 'Regu-
lations, 'Exhaust emissions, Standards, Assessments,
Maintenance, Cost analysis.
PB-300 930/5 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Technology Transfer.
Continuous Air Pollution Source Monitoring Sys-
tems,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
James A. Jahnke, and G. J. Aldina. Jun 79,253p EPA/
625/6-79/005
Contract EPA-68-03-2561
This handbook provides the eetailed information nec-
essary to develop a continuous emissions monitoring
program at a stationary source facility. Federal and
State EPA requirements are given, including design
and performance specifications and monitoring and
date reporting requirements. Discussions of extractive
sampling techniques and in-situ methods are present-
ed, along with explanations of the analytical techniues
used in currently marketed instrumentation. Methods
for monitoring opacity, pollutant gases, and combus-
tion gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are de-
scribed. A detailed explanation of the EPA Perform-
ance Specification Test is given along with an explana-
tion of the statistical procedures used to evaluate
newly installed systems. Selection procedures for
monitoring systems and specific instrumentation are
included as a guide to the industrial engineer. Photo-
graphs of existing instruments and monitoring systems
are presented along with explanatory diagrams to fa-
miliarize the reader with the equipment. References
are givern for each topic discussed in the handbook.
The handbook serves as a basic tool for continuous
source monitoring, enabling the reader to refer to origi-
nal research and development work for the initiation ot
a continuous monitoring program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitoring, 'Manuals, *Qa8
detectors, 'Continuous sampling, Sampling, Absorp-
tion Light scattering, Opacity, Design, Performance
evaluation, Infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet spec-
troscopy, Fluorescence, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen
oxides, Sites, Quality assurance. Inspection, Regula-
tions, 'Air pollution detection.
PB-301 065/9 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
OH.
Treatment Categories for Coal Mine Dralnag*-
Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD. ,
H. Lee Schultz, Donald Koch, Carolyn Thompson, ana
Kathleen Hereford. Sep 79,30p EPA/600/7-79/212
Contract EPA-68-03-2566
This effort involved the organization and statistical
analysis of a large amount of data characterizing over
300 surface and underground coal mines and quantn •
cation of the pre- and post-treatment quality of thw
wastewaters. Only existing data, supplied to Hittnw]
Associates by EPA, was utilized in this evaluation, jne
study objective was to determine whether the data
supported the development of a separate Effluent
Guidelines subcategory for coal-mining point source
discharges to differentiate between eastern and west-
ern coal mining activities. An extensive effort was re-
quired to convert the data into a computerized form"'
which would allow for expeditious statistical analyst-
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Industrial waste treatment
'Water pollution control, Statistical analysis, Mirw
waters, Standards, Data processing, Regression anal-
ysis, Acidity, Alkalinity, Precipitation(Meteorologv).
Point sources.
PB-301 162/4 PC A07/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection
and Maintenance Programs In Minnesota, rinai
rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Theodore P. Midurski, Frederick M. Sellers, Nancy K-
Roy, and Donna L. Vlasak. Feb 79, 1 50p GCA-TR-79-
03-G, EPA/905/2-79/001
Contract EPA-68-02-2887
Recent data for the State of Minnesota indicate that
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for CO an"
OX will not be attained in all areas of the State Dy
1 982, even if all reasonable available control techno""
ogles are applied. In view of this, it is likely that >n°
State will rquest from U.S. EPA and extension of trw
compliance date beyond 1 982. In order for this reque»'
to be considered, the state must, among other thing^
have adopted a firm schedule for implementing *
motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) P'y"
gram in the highly urbanized non-attainment areas, i
this connection, the State of Minnesota is currenw
planning for the implementation of an I/M program. *
a part of this effort, detailed analyses have been P°'
formed of the costs, personnel requirements, rational
for selecting the particular option, scheduling re('u'!r1
ments, and effects that the cold climate in Minnesow
might have on emission testing associated with jJV _
particular program option being considered. This doc"
ment reports these nalayses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, *Mi[]n5l
sola, Inspection, Maintenance, Motor vehicles, Can*>'
monoxide, Oxygen, Standards, Cost analysis, ljJB|L
areas, Automobiles, *Air quality, 'Air pollution aDal
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-301 163/2 PC A03/MF A01
Ottice of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
On Board Corrosion Analysis of a Recovered Nu-
clear Waste Container. Technical note,
Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of Marine Studies.
Stephen C. Dexter. Aug 79,29p ORP/TAD-79/2
v^olor illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report represents initial observations on extent of
corrosion of an 80-gallon low-level radiactive waste
container after immersion for more than fourteen
years. This container was recovered during the 1976
survey of a deepsea radioactive waste dumpsite locat-
M at a depth of 2800 m in the Atlantic. During the two
nour interval between the time the container first
9Ue3J8d from the ocean until it was encapsulated, the
exterior condition of the mental drum, including the ap-
pearance of corrosion product films and attached bio-
oS organisms, was photographically documented.
"jpresentative photographs as well as results of llmit-
°9 capacity in two product segments of
ajuj ^"Per industry; Environmental impacts of virgin
Qs» ^cycled paper and paperboard manufacture;
Roo)J ae»nitions of recovered materials; Progress
*"°n on State purchases of recycled fiber papers.
s: 'Government procurement, 'Paper prod-
Pers, Paperboards, Paper industry, Materials
al aSX', Recycling, Reclamation, Solid waste dlspos-
">ent c s- Government policies, National govern-
*•- -..,t-state government, Local government,
/(economics), Demand(Economics), 'Recycled
PB-301 199/6 PC A99/MF A01
Annotated Bibliography on Biological Effects of
Metals In Aquatic Environments (4th) (No. 2247-
3132),
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Ronald Eisler, Richard M. Rossoll, and Gloria A.
Gaboury. Aug 79,601 p* EPA/600/3-79/084
See also PB-280 953.
Titles of 886 technical articles are listed on the subject
or lexicological, physiological and metabolic effects of
stable and radio-labelled chemical species of metals
and metalloids to marine, estuarine, and freshwater
flora and fauna. Each reference is annotated and sub-
sequently indexed by metal, by taxa, and by author.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Metals, 'Aquatic biology,
Marine biology, Fresh water biology, Aquatic plants,
Aquatic animals. Fishes, Toxicology, Abstracts, Bio-
logical effects, 'Heavy metals, Toxic substances,
•Water pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Water pollution
etfects(Plants), 'Aquatic ecosystems.
PB-301 216/0 PC A03/MF A01
Questions and Answers Concerning the Technical
Details of Inspection and Maintenance. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Apr79,41plMS-002/QA/1 .
The report Includes questions and answers broken
down into categories of benefits, costs and implemen-
tation of the details of Inspection and maintenance.
Issues discussed are emission reductions, mainte-
nance costs, repairs, cost analysis, economic and
social Impact, vehicle/engine life, loaded/Idle tests,
heavy duty Inspection/maintenance, funding, delays,
public Information, emission control devices (cata-
lysts), (fuel switching), (physical inspection), mechan-
ics training, warranty, and EPA reports and rules.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Maintenance, Air pollution, Air pollution
control equipment, Maintenance costs, 'Vehicle in-
spection, Inspection stations, 'Vehicle maintenance.
PB-301 222/6 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Treatment Process Modifications for Trlha-
lomethane Control and Organic Substances In the
Ohio River. Final rept. Oct 76-Aug 79.
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, Cin-
cinnati.
Aug 79,305p ORS/WT-79/01
GrantEPA-R-804615
Prepared in cooperation with Beaver Falls Authority.,
Cincinnati Water Works., and Evansville Water Works.
Plant-scale studies at seven water utilities using the
Ohio, Allegheny, Beaver, and Monongahela Rivers as
their source of supply evaluated various water treat-
ment process modifications for both the control of tri-
halomethane levels and the modifications' impact on
bacteriological quality of the finished water. Process
modifications studied, based on comprehensive or-
ganic analysis, included relocation of the chlorine ap-
plication point, chlorination/ammoniation, partial or
complete substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine,
and placement of four different types of virgin granular
activated carbons in filter beds. Supplemental studies
included organic analysis of monthly raw and finished
water samples collected for a one-year period at each
of 11 participating water utilities. In addition to provid-
ing plant facilities and personnel, the 11 utilities joined
USEPA in funding this project, which was conducted
by the Ohio River valley Water Sanitation Commission.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Revisions, Design, Process charting, Perform-
ance evaluation, Activated carbon, Quality assurance,
Adsorption, Filtration, Ohio River.
PB-301 239/0 PC AOS/MF A01
Selection of Transient Cycles for Heavy-Duty En-
gines. Interim technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml,
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Tad Wysor, and Chester France. Nov 77,87p HDV-77/
01
This report presents summary statistics of those candi-
date cycles generated by computer to be representa-
tive of the CAPE-21 data base and selects one cycle
for each category that is most representative. The se-
lections are based solely upon statistical consider-
ations. Further evaluations of the candidate cycles
must sitll be made in terms of the practical aspects of
running the cycles on the dynamometer, and in terms
of the physical representativeness of real operation.
The cycles identified are being used by EPA as a basis
for developing its test facilities. This report if being re-
leased in response to numerous requests by organiza-
tions considering the development of transient test fa-
cilities to give an indication of the types of cycles tha-
tare expected to be used in future certification proce-
dures. This report has been labelled as an interim
report to emphasize the tentative nature of the select-
ed cycles. EPA plans further evaluation of the cycles.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, Performance, Data acqui-
sition, Acceleration(Physics), Deceleration, Diesel en-
gines, Spark ignition engines.
PC A04/MF A01
Agency, Boston, MA.
PB-301 242/4
Environmental Protection
Region I.
Inventory of Sources with Emissions of 25 to 100
Tons per Year Subject to Organic Material Regula-
tions In Metropolitan Boston AOCR. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 79,56p EPA/901/9-79/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -4146
See also report dated Jul 79, PB-298 879.
An inventory of volatile organic compound emissions
was conducted for sources in the Metropolitan Boston
AOCR. Potential sources were identified using existing
emissions data from the Massachusetts Department
of Environmental Quality Engineering and from the
U.S. EPA, Region I; Dun and Bradstreet industrial list-
Ings; and a listing of Industrial concerns supplied by the
Massachusetts Department of Employment Security.
Potential sources were identified by four-digit SIC.
Questionnaires were mailed to the selected sources.
The returned questionnaires were reviewed, and emis-
sions were estimated. The results were quantified in an
inventory of sources with the potential to emit between
25 and 100 tons/year.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
Sources, Inventories, Regulations, State government,
Technology, Gasoline, Storage, Marketing, Coatings,
Degreasing, Guidelines, Metropolitan areas, Massa-
chusetts, Air quality control regions, 'Air pollution
abatement, *Boston(Massachusetts), 'Stationary
sources, SIC numbers, Fugitive emissions.
PB-301 249/9 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of West-
ern Surface Coal Mining. Volume II. Mine Invento-
ry. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
William Kelly. Feb 79, 206p* EPA/600/7-79/034
Contract EPA-68-03-2226
See also Volume 1, PB-300 375.
This report contains a tabular summary of general in-
formation for 37 surface coal mines active in the west-
ern United States during 1975 and for seven additional
mines that were under development in that year. In
total, 44 mines in the following states are included: Ari-
zona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota,
and Wyoming. Types of information presented in-
cludes: General production information, including
1975, production and projected maximum production;
mine life, employment, and disturbed acreage; Coal
seam characteristics, including average thickness,
heating value, sulfur content, and ash content; Recla-
mation practices; Types of mining and reclamation re-
search studies in progress; Overburden characteris-
tics, pit geometry, and mining methods; Equipment
types and capacities for major stripping equipments
only.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Coal mining, 'Coal
mines. Production, Employment, Land use, Land recla-
mation, Overburden, Mining equipment, Tables(Data),
Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North
Dakota, Wyoming, Western Region(United States),
Western coal.
December 1983 747
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB-301 255/6 PC A03/MF A01
Sediment Characteristics of the 2800 Meter Allan-
tlc Nuclear Waste Disposal Site: Radlonucllde Re-
tention Potential. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
James Neiheisel. Sep 79,38p ORD/TAD-79/10
Prepared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
The sediments of the abandoned 2800 meter Atlantic
nuclear waste dumpsite have been analysed for tex-
ture mineral composition, physical properties, cation
exhange capacity, and factors effecting sediment dep-
osition, as part of an extensive program by the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to evaluate ocean dis-
posal as an alternative nuclear waste disposal method.
The sediments physical and chemical properties are
evaluated in the light of the geologic setting for their
potential role in retarding radionuclide leachate migra-
tion from the waste drums to the water column.
Keywords: Ocean bottom, Sediments, Site surveys,
Radioactive wastes, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, North Atlantic Ocean, 'Radioactive waste
facilities, 'Marine disposal, Radionuclide migration.
PB-301 313/3 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Oxidation Techniques In Drinking Water Treat-
ment. Drinking Water Pilot Project. Report HA. Ad-
vanced Treatment Technology. Final rept,
Karlsruhe Univ. (Germany, F.R). Engler-Bunte Institut.
Ing. W. Kuehn, and H. Sontheimer. 1979,771p EPA/
570/9-79/020
Contract EPA-68-01 -3169
Papers presented at a Conference Held in Karlsruhe,
Germany, F.R. on September 11 -13,1978.
This report Is a compilation of the papers presented at
the EPA sponsored international conference held in
Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany, in Septem-
ber 1978. It discusses the problem of controlling health
hazardous organo-chloro compounds resulting form
traditional chlorination of drinking water and the oxida-
tion techniques that can potentially remedy that prob-
lem. These include (1) changing or eliminating points
of chlorination In conjunction with modification of other
treatment processes, (2) ozonation for different dura-
tions and conditions at different points of conventional
treatment, (3) biological oxidation in slow filter media
(e.g., sand, activated carbon) and within the ground
(riverbank filtration) and (4) use of chlorine dioxide, ul-
traviolet light and hydrogen peroxide, and potassium
permanganate. These other oxidants, however, may
Introduce other chemicals of currently unknown health
risk. Removal of other contaminants (e.g., bacteria,
virus, ammonia, iron, manganese, trace metals) are
also discussed.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Oxidation, 'Chemical
removal(Water treatment), 'Meetings, Potable water,
Chlorine organic compounds, Revisions, Chlorination,
Ozonation, Filtration, Chlorine oxides, Ultraviolet radi-
ation, Hydrogen peroxide.
PB-301 317/4 PC A10/MF A01
Indoor Radiation Exposure Due to Radlum-226 In
Florida Phosphate Lands. Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Richard J. Guimond, William H. Ellett, Joesph E.
Fitzgerald, Jr., Samuel T. Windham, and Philip A. Cuny.
Jul 79,206p EPA/520/4-78/013
This report was prepared by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency in response to a request from the gover-
nor of Florida to provide recommendation on indoor ra-
diation exposure due to radium-226 in Florida phos-
phate lands. The report evaluates radiation levels in
existing structures, the health impact of this radiation
exposure, the cost-effectiveness of controls, the social
and economic impact of potential radiation controls,
and the alternatives available for radiation protection
to minimize adverse risk to the public. The report con-
cludes that the major exposure problem is associated
with bulid-up of radon in residences constructed on
land containing radium-bearing materials related to
phosphate ores. The principal radiation health threat is
an increased risk of lung cancer, which is dependent
both on the indoor concentration of radon decay prod-
ucts and the period of exposure. The analysis projects
that over a normal lifetime, persons residing in homes
on phosphate lands in the study area experience and
average lung cancer risk 35 percent greater than
normal, and that those residing in homes exhibiting the
highest levels measured experience a risk of lung
cancer 2-4 times the U.S. average.
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Phosphate deposits,
Public health, Risk, Radon, Radiation hazards, Pulmo-
nary neoplasms, Florida, 'Radium 226, Risk assess-
ment.
PB-301 339/8 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of art Active Oil Field
in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico 1977-1978.
Volume 1. Synopsis. Annual rept. 1977-78,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
William B. Jackson. Jun 79,81 p NOAA-79091005
See also PB-283 890. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The objectives of the project are: (1) to identify and
document and types and extent of biological, chemical
and physical alterations of the marine ecosystem; (2)
to determine specific pollutants, their quantity and ef-
fects; and (3) to develop the capability to describe and
predict fate and effects of Buccaneer Oil Field con-
taminants. The project uses historical and new data
and includes investigations both in the field and in the
laboratory. It is anticipated that the results of this
project will impact in a significant way on future deci-
sions regarding operations of oil and gas fields on the
outer continental shelf.
Keywords: 'Oil fields, 'Mexico Gulf, 'Environmental
surveys, Marine biology, Ecology, Water pollution, En-
vironmental impacts. Aquatic microbiology, Marine
microorganisms, Marine fishes, Marine geology, Sedi-
mentology, Geochemistry, Toxicity, Trace elements,
Data acquisition, Texas, Buccaneer Oil Field, Outer
continental shelves, Energy source development.
PB-301 342/2 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Organic Solvent Use Study. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. B. Lee, G. E. Wilkins, and E. M. Nichols. 1 Oct 79,
245p EPA/560/12-79/002
Contract EPA-68-03-2776
The purpose of this study was to collect informaton
about 34 large volume industrial organic solvents and
to organize the information in a useful manner. Produc-
tion, consumption, use, exposure and toxicological
data collected were used to categorize and rank the
solvents. Exposure and inhalation toxicity data were
analyzed to provide indicators of solvents posing the
greatest risk. The study concluded that twelve of the
solvents studied may pose a potential risk. Further
study of these solvents was recommended. The study
also recommended that information regarding dermal
absorption of potentially toxic chemicals be found in
the literature or generated in the laboratory. Additional-
ly, the study recommended that the Office of Toxic
Substances consider a pilot program to assess the util-
ity of future in-depth searches of the open literature.
The study also recommended that Threshold Limit
Values (TLV's) be established for solvents not already
assigned TLV'S. Each solvent in the study was
grouped according to use and basic chemical struc-
ture. Information about each solvent was listed in a
series of 39 use category tables and 16 chemical
structural category tables. Solvents were ranked ac-
cording to total annual production and consumption,
annualconsumption as a solvent, inhalation and inges-
tion toxicity, and exposure potential.
Keywords: 'Organic solvents, 'Toxicology, Utilization,
Manufacturing, Consumption, Toxicity, Exposure,
Ranking, Molecular structure, Comparison, Public
health, Tables(Data), Inhalation, 'Toxic substances,
Threshold limit values.
PB-301 366/1 PC A14/MF A01
EPA Chemical Activities Status Report, First Edi-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Eleanor T. Merrick, Helen Ketcham, Lawrence J.
Murphy, Jr., and Kathryn Slike. Apr 79,319p EPA/
560/13-79/003
This Report is organized into four sections: (1) Alpha-
betized Chemical Name Reference Listing (an index of
names used for chemicals included in the text); (2)
EPA Chemical Activities Report (arranged sequentially
by CAS Registry Number); (3) Chemical Name Syno-
nym List (showing all synonyms for chemicals in the
text, and arranged by CAS Registry Number); (4) Pro-
posed Hazardous Waste Guidelines and Regulations
(incorporating many items not assigned CAS Registry
Numbers).
Keywords: 'Chemical compound, Water pollution, Air
pollution, Solid wastes, Radioactive contaminants, Po-
table water, Pesticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Listings.
PB-301 368/7 PC A04/MF A01
Report on the Progress of Regulations to Protect
Stratospheric Ozone. Annual rept. 1978-79,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Ferial S. Bishop. Aug 79,57p EPA/560/12-79/003
This report reviews the progress made by EPA from
March 1978 to August 1979 in regulating ozone deplet-
ing substances. In March 1978 EPA along with Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) issued final rules pro-
hibiting the manufacturing and processing of chloro-
fluorocarbons (CFCs) for nonessential aerosol propel-
lant uses. EPA continues its investigation of nonaero-
sol and miscellaneous CFC uses, including use as re-
frigerants, foam blowing agents, cleaning agents in the
electronic and metal industries and as solvents. The
EPA study includes several regulatory strategies to
reduce CFC emissions, namely, (1) direct regulation,
(2) economic incentives and (3) a conservation pro-
gram. Because CFC emissions in any country may
have adverse effects globally, the reduction of CFC
emissions is an international concern. EPA is develop-
ing programs to investigate other substances or
chemicals that may deplete the stratospheric ozone, in
implementing the Clean Air Act and deciding wnether
and to what extent further regulation is necessary, EPA
is continuing its studies of current developments in
ozone processes, of adverse health and environmen-
tal consequences of ozone depletion, of technological
capability to reduce emissions from major sources,
and of the cost of achieving control.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Regulations,
'Stratosphere, Sources, Aerosols, Chlorine organic
compounds, Assessments, State government.
X}
PB-301 384/4 PC A05/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO-
Office of Toxic Substances.
Atmospheric Reaction Products of Organic Com-
pounds. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Dale G. Hendry, and Richard A. Kenley. Jun 79,90p
EPA/560/12-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -5123
A procedure has been developed to predict the
ucts from reaction of compounds in the atmosphere-
The procedure is designed to be used in unreason-
able-risk evaluations that include assessing new cne-
mials for persistence and exposure in the environment-
In this procedure, the relative importance of the tnn|"
dominant reaction pathways-photolysis, reaction ww"
OH radical, and reaction with ozone-are first deter-
mined for each compound. Then the products ffOj"
each pathway that play a major role for that compoun"
are estimated using the techniques outlined In "J*
methods. The methods are applicable to a wide vaneflr
of compounds; however, as the structure of the cor£
pounds differ from the structures on which the V°~\
dures were based, the conclusions become tentatwe-
It is belived, however, that this will be a minor fracw
of the cases to which it is applied.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution, P"^
tolysis, Photochemical reactions, Ozone, Reaction!"
netics, Chemical bonds, 'Atmospheric chemistry. TO
droxy radicals, Path of pollutants.
PB-301 410/7 PC A02/MF A£j
Diesel Hydrocarbon Measurement - Serlei Fin*1
Test. Technical rept., .a
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. ""'
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. Mar 78,13p LDTP-78/04
748 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Filters were loaded by driving various cycles (FTP, LA-
4 and 50 mph SS) and collecting the participate materi-
«8. Wet filters are those on which participate was col-
lected and no drying steps were taken. Dry filters were
Prepared by baking wet filters at 380 F for one hour.
TWO different participate collection systems were used
Jpr loading the second filter. One was in isokinetic par-
"culate collection device designed to collect a large
volume of diesel exhaust and is called a high volume
sampler. The other was the existing Scott filter holder
«ra heated probe set-up which is used to sample ex-
naust from the dilution tunnel.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Hydrocarbons, 'Diesel
Ji/els, 'Air filters. Exhaust emissions, Particles,
x°ncentration(Composition), *Air pollution sampling,
mm duty vehicles, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB-301 411/5 PC A03/MF A01
lira Slip on the Clayton Dynamometer. Technical
|?P'.i
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
standards Development and Support Branch.
.
LDTP^ Bur56son' and Myriam Torres. Mar 78, 3 1 p
Tire rolling resistance measurements at a steady state
TO rnph were conducted on the Clayton dynamometer
or™?9 a reoent tire/dynamometer roll interface effects
wjgram. These measurements required the collection
i ' 'r°nt and rear roll speed data. Analysis of these data
sS i ed tnat tne front ro" consistently revolves more
wowiy than the rear roll. This roll speed difference was
°?! ™Hl a 'tire slip.' Analyses of the difference in roll
la infl ata were conducted to determine if the tire slip
tvi^I ..enc?d by dynamometer horsepower setting, tire
'JW, tire size and manufacturer.
innyi*ords: 'Automobile tires, 'Rolling friction, Measur-
a '"struments, Dynamometers, Nondestructive tests.
PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
and Construction of Covers for Solid
Landfills. Rept. for Mar 77-Dec 78.
—'---• Waterways Experiment Station, Vicka-
27fin.lS?n'G-L Re9an'and L-w- Jor|es- Aug 79,
"^P EPA/600/2-79/165
and rreport Provides guidelines in selection, design,
Dai j!0.!ls'ruct'on °' cover for management of munfci-
8x'JPwwWal, and hazardous solid wastes (with the
are th °* radioactive waste). Natural soils as cover
branal Principal subject; however, synthetic mem-
cu&illj ,cnemicals, and waste products are also dis-
flrowf '"detail since their relative importance should
covor • e 'uture. Each of the important functions of
sionin oonsidered in the context of selecting and de-
confii9. C0ver but witn cognizance of the effects of
and n= at maV arise' e-9- between water infiltration
inn«, „ ..Ventin9- A scheme is proposed for establish-
Porton?'onal Pri°rities and in turn for weighting the im-
tive £Se 0' soil characteristics to allow for most effec-
"tets th ctlon' Al!OW(ance is made for functional con-
aj « 'rlrough design features. Procedures are present-
"'lirsma6f'gning soil cover systems to meet the re-
3 stli based on principles of soil mechanics and
g, ,
this re^01 the art in soil construction. Accordingly,
as it IB ls not so much a review of current methods
18 a guide to potentially the best practice.
8; "Sanitary landfills, 'Solid waste disposal,
ane ""wastes. 'Coverings, Earth fills, Soil me-
Wa8t' *• So"?, Membranes, Soil properties, Solid
Slot.! ' trosion control, Dust control, Dewatering,
*ast68 Protection, Vegetation, Esthetics, 'Municipal
PCA05/MFA01
vironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ang|e p™ Envir
'Ass
Assessment of Uncontrolled Q-BOP Emls-
-
.'riangle Park, NC.
85p EPA/60072-79/190
results of sampling and analysis of
emissions fronl a Q-BOP, a bottom-blown
n Process for steelmaking, undertaken to
e and quantify the paniculate, organic, and
inorganic species emitted during hot metal addition to
precnarged scrap metal. Sampling was in the second-
ary emission collection system Before the emission
control equipment and was conducted using EPA
Level 1 Environmental Assessment Methodology. Par-
ticulate concentration was 1298 mg/cu m and total or-
ganic emissions were 64.1 mg/cu m. About 75% of
this material was high molecular weight organics. The
less than 3 micrometer solids contain over half of all
the organics emitted. Although the presence of several
carcinogenic polycyclic organic compounds was sug-
gested By the LRMS analysis, GC-MS analysis showed
that no known carcinogenic compounds were in the
emissions. SSMS analysis indicated that eight ele-
ments might exceed Air-Health MATE values if emitted
uncontrolled. Calculated control levels needed range
from 63 to 99.6%.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, Steel making,
Sampling, Particles, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Sites, Basic converters, Oxygen blow converters,
Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Air pollution, 'In plant
processing, 'Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB80-100407 PC A06/MF A01
Airborne Measurements of Power Plant Plumes In
West Virginia, Kammer and Mitchell Power Plants,
25 August -11 September 1975,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Frank G. Johnson, John L. Connolly, Roy B. Evans,
and Thomas M. Zeller. Jun 79,116p EPA/600/4-79/
043
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Washington, DC.
A field study was conducted during August and Sep-
tember 1975 to measure parameters of effluent
plumes from two coal-fired electric generating stations
near Wheeling, West Virginia. This data report pre-
sents plume heights, plume horizontal and vertical dis-
persion, and plume centerline and maximum low alti-
tude sulfur dioxide concentrations. Plume parameters
were observed with a helicopter-borne air quality moni-
toring system and an airborne Light Detection and
Ranging (LIDAR) system which measured aerosol light
scattering. Plume cross sections in terms of sulfur di-
oxide concentrations and aerosol light scattering were
simultaneously obtained with the helicopter and LIDAR
systems and are presented for comparison. Estimates
of sulfur dioxide fluxed in the effluent plumes were pre-
pared from the helicopter sulfur dioxide plume cross
sections and the transport winds. Sulfur dioxide flux
estimates derived from helicopter data agree within 10
percent with flux estimates derived from coal con-
sumption and sulfur content data for three cases in
stable atmospheres with moderate wind speeds.
Plume rise formulas have been developed for the two
plants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electric power plants,
'Plumes, Optical radar, Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Light scattering, Aerial surveys,
Wind velocity, Field tests, Equipment, West Virginia,
'Kammer power plant, 'Mitchell power plant, 'Air
quality, WheelingfWest Virginia).
PB80-100415 PC A16/MF A01
Llmnologlcal and Socloeconomlc Evaluation ol
Lake Restoration Projects: Approaches and Pre-
liminary Results,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Spencer A. Peterson. Jan 79,352p EPA/600/3-79/
005
Nineteen papers were presented at the workshop held
28 February - 2 March, 1978 on the campus of Oregon
State University. The objective was to assemble grant-
ees and project officers associated with EPA's I ake
Restoration Evaluation Program so that they could
become familiar with each other's work. Outside ex-
perts were invited to offer constructive criticism of the
current approach to assessment of techniques. Sever-
al lakes were considered for limnological, social and
economic aspects. A draft copy of the Lake Evaluation
Index (LEI) developed by EPA was presented and dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Meetings, Assessments, Limnology, Social effect,
Economic impact, Improvement, Monitoring, Phospho-
rus, Indexes(Ratios), Evaluation.
PB80-100423 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Wastewater Renovation and Retrieval on Cape
Cod,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
R. F. Vaccaro, P. E. Kallio. B. H. Ketchum, W. B.
Kerfoot, and A. Mann. Aug 79,191 p EPA/600/2-79/
176
Grant EPA-S-802037
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Div. of
Water Pollution Control, Westborough.
A rapidly increasing population on maritime Cape Cod
has generated considerable interest in alternative
wastewater disposal techniques which promise to
maintain high groundwater quality and promote its con-
servation. The authors undertake an assessment of
agricultural spray-irrigation as a potential means of
lessening groundwater contamination and depletion.
Experimental emphasis has been placed on variations
in the rates and methods of wastewater application
and in the types of renovation agricultural crops placed
under wastewater irrigation. Results from these stud-
Ideal circumstances, the coupling of secondary do-
mestic effluent to animal forage crops can bring about
a degree of wastewater renovation which exceeds
direct disposal to sand filter beds and approaches the
goals of tertiary treatments.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Sewage treatment, 'Irrigation,
'Cape Cod, Assessments, Ground water, Nutrients,
Trace elements, Water reclamation, Forage grasses,
RatesfPer time), Performance evaluation, Massachu-
setts, Sewage irrigation, Tertiary treatment.
PB80-100431 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Utilization of Natural Ecosystems for Wastewater
Renovation,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
Thomas M. Burton, Darrell L. King, Robert C. Ball, and
Thomas G. Bahr. Apr 79,169p EPA/905/3-79/003
Grant EPA-Y005065
Michigan State University constructed on 200 ha (500
acres) of the main campus, a permanent facility for the
experimental treatment, recycle and reuse of munici-
pal sewage plant effluents. The facility provides for the
diversion of up to 7570 cu m/day (2 MGD) of second-
ary effluent from an activated sludge treatment plant.
This waste flow is directed away trom the receiving
stream to an intensely managed aquatic and terrestrial
nutrient recycling system. The facility consists of a por-
tion of the East Lansing Wastewater Treatment Plant,
a transmission line, four experimental lakes and a
spray irrigation site. A primary objective is to strip nutri-
ents from the waste flow as it proceeds through the
system by incorporating nutrients into harvestable bio-
mass. The system has been in operation with tertiary
effluent for about 18 months. It will go on line with sec-
ondary effluent in 1976. Biological activity in the aquat-
ic system has a major impact on water quality as evi-
denced by significantly reduced water concentrations
of phosphorus, nitrogen and inorganic carbon.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution, Waste water
reuse, Nutrients, Circulation, Ground water, Bacteria,
Viruses, Algae, Field tests, Aquatic plants,. Biomass,
Phosphorus, Nitrogen. Carbon,
Concentration(Composition), Michigan, 'Land applica-
tion.
PB80-100449 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fine Particle Emissions Information System.
Annual rept. Jan-Dec 78,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. P. Schrag, J. P. Reider, and F. N. Young. May 79,
53pEPA/600/7-79/126
Contract EPA-68-02-2641
See also PB-285 877.
December 1983 749
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report is the first annual report on the Fine Particle
Emissions Information Systems (FPEIS), a computer-
ized data base on primary fine particle emissions from
stationary sources. The report summarizes changes
made in 1978, including the expanded reporting of
chemical analysis data, the entering of confidential or
proprietary data, and the development of computer
software to aid users in interpreting the FPEIS data. It
lists new data added to the FPEIS in 1978 and outlines
objectives for 1979, including the addition of biological
and radiological analysis results and the implementa-
tion of a new source categorization protocol. The
FPEIS provides a centralized inventory of fine particle
measurement information for researchers engaged in
fine particle control technology development and in
the environmental assessment of energy and industrial
processes. From an initial data loading for about 50
test sites in January 1977, the FPEIS program had
grown to 120 test sites and almost 2000 sampling runs
by the end of December 1978.
Keywords: "Particles, 'Fines, "Information systems,
*Air pollution, 'Data acquisition, Technology, Informa-
tion retrieval, Manuals, 'Fine Particle Emissions Infor-
mation System, 'Stationary sources, FPEIS system,
State of the art.
PB80-100456 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Biological Treatment of High Strength Petrochem-
ical Wastewater. Final rept. 20 Feb 76-23 Sep 79,
Celanese Chemical Co., Inc., Corpus Christi, TX. Tech-
nical Center.
William J. Humphrey, and Enrique R. Witt. Aug 79,
113p EPA/600/2-79/172
Grant EPA-12020-EPH
The biological treatment of a complex petrochemical
wastewater containing high concentrations of organic
chlorides, nitrates, and amines was initially studied
using a sequence of anaerobic methanogenesis and
oxygen activated sludge. Bench-scale and pilot-plant
treatability studies were conducted using various com-
posite samples and process wastewater blends. The
results of preliminary studies indicated the need for
stream segregation and waste reduction programs at
the petrochemical plant. Segregation of comppnents
of the combined plant waste stream was required to
eliminate nonbiodegradable materials and pretreat-
ment minimized the concentration of substances
which were toxic or inhibitory to biological treatment.
Nitrates inhibited methanogenesis in the anaerobic
system but quantitative removal of nitrates was ac-
complished. Only partial removal of chemical oxygen
demand (COD) was achieved during anaerobic denitri-
fication because of the relatively low nitrate/COD
ratio. Anerobic methanogenic treatment also was un-
successful in reducing the COD concentration to any
great extent, even after pretreatment by anaerobic
denitrification. The activated sludge system was effec-
tive in removing the biodegradable portion expressed
as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the pretreat-
ed combined wastewater stream; but the yellow color
of the effluent was unacceptably dark. The activated
sludge system performed equally well when high purity
oxygen, or air was used for aeration.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Petrochemical in-
dustry, 'Activated sludge process, Industrial waste
treatment, Chlorides, Organic nitrates, Amines, Anaer-
obic processes, Aerobic processes, Pilot plants,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical oxygen
demand, Performance evaluation, Aeration, 'Biologi-
cal industrial waste treatment, Denitrification.
PB80-100464 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Characterization of Vegetation and Drainage In
Strip Mined Land Utilizing Remote Sensing Tech-
niques. Final rept.,
Missouri Univ.-Rolla.
Chris J. Johannsen, Terry W. Barney, A. Dale Coble,
James E. Carrel, and William McFarland. Aug 79,82p
EPA/600/7-79/194
Prepared in cooperation with Science and Education
Administration, Washington, DC.
Research conducted during this project has utilized
remote sensing images and data to study surface
vegetation identification, vegetation biomass and
drainage patterns on coal strip mined land. Study sites
were located in Boone, Randolph and Macon counties
in central Missouri. This report presents the results of
surface vegetation and drainage analyses of those
sites and methodologies used for accurate, timely and
useful applications of remotely gathered data for moni-
toring coal surface mining reclamation activities. A
computer based technique was developed for assess-
ing the extent of reestablished vegetation on the study
sites. Color infrared aerial photographs obtained over
the sites were scanned and converted into digital out-
puts.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Vegetation, 'Drainage,
'Land reclamation, Infrared photography, Aerial re-
connaissance, Remote sensing, Photolnterpretation,
Strip mining, Color photography, Maps, Accuracy,
Computerized simulation, Species diversity.
PB80-100472 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of an SO2 Monitor for Mobile
Source*. Final rept. Oct 76-Jan 78,
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp., Newport
Beach, CA. Aeronutronic Div.
Darrell E. Burch, Pamela S. Marrs Davila, Francis J.
Gates, and John D. Pembrook. Jul 79,50p U-6392,
EPA/600/2-79/121
Contract EPA-68-02-2448
An instrument has been designed and built to monitor
the concentration of S02 in the exhaust of mobile
sources. A grating assembly disperses the ultraviolet
energy from a deuterium-arc source and passes five
narrow spectral intervals. Three of the intervals (set A)
coincide with strong absorption features in the SO2
band near 3000 A; the other two intervals (set B) coin-
cide with weak absorption. A spinning reticle alternate-
ly transmits energy passing through set A and B to a
photomultiplier detector. A dc output signal proportion-
al to the concentration of SO2 in the sample cell is pro-
duced by appropriate electronics. A pump and mani-
fold assembly permit operation over a wide range of
sample flow rates. At high flow rates, the 90% sample
turn-over time is approximately 0.7 sec. The sample
cell contains a multiple-pass optical system adjusted
to 12 passes, giving a sample path length greater than
5 m. The rms noise level corresponds to approximately
0.05 ppm of S02 when the electronic time constant is
1 sec.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Exhaust emissions, Design, Performance evaluation,
Motor vehicles, Concentration(Composition), Ultravio-
let spectroscopy, Absorption spectra, Laboratory
equipment, 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-100480 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Flue Qas Cleaning Sludge Leachate/Llner Com-
patibility Investigation. Interim rept. 15 Apr-Sep
1977,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Geotechnlcal Lab.
Clarence R. Styron, and Zelma B. Fry, Jr. Aug 79,76p
EPA/600/2-79/136
This project was initiated to study the effects of two in-
dustrial waste materials on 18 items used to contain
these wastes. Seventy-two test cells, 1 ft in diameter
and 2 ft high, were fabricated. Ten items were mixed
with a clayey silt and compacted in the bottom 6 in. of
the test cell; six spray-on and two prefabricated mem-
brane items were placed over 6 in. of compacted soil.
Four gallons of sludge were added to each test cell
and enough tap water to bring the liquid to within 4 in.
of the top of the test cell. Each test cell was covered
and pressurized to simulate 30 ft of head. This report
lists and discusses the data following 12 months of in-
undation of each item with both sludges. Portland
cement, cement plus lime, and C400, when mixed with
the soil, resulted in a significant reduction in permeabil-
ity-
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Liners, 'Sludge dis-
posal, Leaching, Ground water, Water pollution con-
trol, Performance evaluation, Air pollution control, Flue
gases, Test chambers, Laboratory equipment, Perme-
ability, Tests.
PB80-100498 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Radius of Pressure Influence of Injection Wells.
Final rept. Mar 77-Jan 79,
Missouri Univ.-Rolla.
Don L. Warner, Leonard F. Koederitz, Andrew D.
Simon, and M. Gene Yow. Aug 79,216p EPA/600/2-
79/170
Grant EPA-R-805039
It is often necessary, in injection well design, to predict
the probable rate of pressure increase in the injection
reservoir that would be expected to result from a pro-
posed injection program. Areas of application include
oilfield brine injection, waterflooding for secondary on
recovery, industrial wastewater injection, uranium
leaching, etc. This report presents a number of avail-
able analytical solutions that can be used for pressure
buildup calculation and three methods of performinfl
such calculations. The methods are, manual calcula-
tion, calculation by programmable desk calculator, ana
calculation by digital computer.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Injection wells, 'Water
pollution abatement, Petroleum engineering, Maim-
matical models, Pressure, Oil fields, Brines, Industrial
wastes, Uranium, Permeability, Fluid flow, Aquifers,
Leakage, Environmental impacts, Pumping.
Tables(Data), Boundaries, Texas, Florida, Ohio, Com-
puter programs, Fortran.
PB80-100514 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. . _.
Development of a Monitor for HCN In Mobil*
Source Emissions. Final rept. Apr 77-Oct 78,
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp., Newpon
Beach, CA. Aeronutronic Div.
Darrell E. Burch, Pamela S. Marrs Davila, Francis J.
Gates, and John D. Pembrook. Jun 79,43p U-6470,
EPA/600/2-79/113
Contract EPA-68-02-2716
Three real-time monitors for measurement of HCN
concentrations in mobile source emissions have been
designed, built, tested, and delivered to the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA). The important design
parameters for these identical instruments were deter-
mined during the first phase of the program of Perf°[[J,"
ing tests with a versatile gas-filter correlation spec-
trometer built previously in pur laboratory for EPA. in?
instruments employ a gas-filter cell to provide sensitivi-
ty to HCN while discriminating against other infrarea
active gases such as H20, C02, NH3 and many hydro-
carbons that occur in mobile source emissions. Tne?i
gases absorb near 3 micrometers, the approxmrm'8
center of the narrow spectral band employed by the ly"
strument. Samples are contained in a temperature-
controlled cell that uses a 20-pass optical system w"
an optical path length of 15.5 m. An H2O monitor DU"j
as an integral part of the instrument measures thep*
concentration, making it possible to account for »
small amount of interference by this gas in the samp*
The rms noise-equivalent-concentration of HCN is »"
than 0.02 ppm. the combined error after accounting
for H2O interference for most dilute samples is w
than 0.1 ppm HCN.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrogen cyanide, *&£
haust emissions, 'Monitors, Motor vehicles, LaboI8.2.
ry equipment, Design, Performance evaluation, sarn
pies, Gas analysis, Chemical ana'K,n'
Concentration(Composition), *Air pollution detectio'1'
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB80-100522 PCA14/MFAOJ
Activated Carbon Treatment of Induatrw
Wastewaters: Selected Technical Papers. ..
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Aa»>
OK.
Aug 79,307p* EPA/600/2-79/177
Because of the tremendous interest in the or9al?!jj
constituent removal by activated carbon, the W°JL
dustrial categories displaying the most interest arf,'.
petroleum refining and petrochemical industne*
EPA's Office of Research and Development has »r
sponsored two technical symposia for the Petr0'elid
refining/petrochemical industries, and •cyv£J*
carbon treatment as an important section of DO
agendas. The technical papers presented researj^
activities conducted by consultants, industries, »"J
EPA. The presentations made at these symposia n»
been arranged into the following sequence: (1) s"fLt.
of-the-Art, (2) Organic Compound Removal, (3) Qran
750 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tor Pilot-Scale Studies, (4) Powdered Activated Carbon
£«ot-Scale Studies, (5) Full-Scale Granular Activated
Carbon Treatment (6) Full-Scale Powdered Activated
^araon Treatment, and (7) Activated Carbon Regen-
eration. Economics of Activated Carbon Treatment are
presented in the applicable individual technical papers
ana is not a separate topic for this report.
'Water pollution control, "Activated
oarson, "Meetings, Industrial waste treatment, Organ-
IP Compounds, Pilot plants, Economics, Adsorption,
aupstitutes, Refineries, Petroleum products, Biological
"raustnal waste treatment, State of the art.
PB80-1Q0530 PC A17/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
^Analysis of Alternative Policies for Attaining
H™ Maintaining a Short-Term NO2 Standard,
"athtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
[jo&ert J. Anderson, Jr., Robert 0. Reid, and Eugene
<:• oeskin. 1 7 Sep 79, 386p* EPA/230/3-79/01 1
part by Council on Environmental Qual-
• Washington, DC., and Council on Economic Advi-
sors, Washington, DC.
tem »eP°rt summarizes the results of an analysis of al-
stanH P°lioies )or implementing short-term NO2
PDA D* s "ke those currently under consideration by
sinn °"°y alternatives considered include an exten-
cont i cunsr^ regulatory approaches to provide for
J-"rurol of stationary source emissions in state imple-
8uho(rttion plans' adoption of an emissions charge as a
tor emissions limitation regulations, and
.' a marketable permit program as a substi-
r emissions limitation regulations.
*Air pollution, "Nitrogen dioxide, Substi-
s- nequlations, Standards, Technology, Cost anal-
ah; Mor|it°ring, Mathematical models, "Air pollution
""aiement, Stationary sources.
En*!?"100563 PC A03/MF A01
f£j[ lr°nmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
S«I?lonal Specifications for an Advanced Chro-
C|!J?9raphy Automation System,
"icinnati Univ., OH. Southwestern Ohio Regional
er Center.
han E. Kqpke. Jun 79, 37p EPA/600/4-79/038
ractEPA-(fs-05S-10458
contains a project definition, a set of
requirements, and a functional design for a
which wi" link a commercial chromatography
SvaL Astern to the EPA Laboratory Automation
Was »?r A Varian 220L Chromatography Data System
in tht ctecl as the prototype system to be extended
.."«s project, although these specifications can be
,
° ottler commercial systems. The current
scris,* of using the Varian system are briefly de-
tailoH!?ln this report. The bulk of the report Is a de-
trie en! p' 'he additional functions to be performed by
tJongL, ,Lab°ratory Automation System. These func-
"Witrati multi-point calibration, calculation of con-
r«latiu ' identification of compounds, calculation of
tro| Bt5(,re'en'ion times, and calculation of quality con-
ii A 9eneml plan for the Pr°P°8ed system
r [9S: *Gas chromatography, "Automatic equip-
' "ata processing, Concentration(Composition),
, ,
tion7?tln9, Laboratory equipment, Samples, Separa-
1 '-omputer applications.
-,,»„„„ - PC A02/MF A01
R89ionvi?intal Protection A9ency- Denver, CO.
v|rorm!l? Pr°)ect: Comments on Inadequacies, En-
AlUn,.T,ntal Impact Analyses and Evaluation of
North? e Action*. Final rept.,
^•nce88 ^tate Univ" Denton- DsP*- °* Biological
C A- Stanford. Mar 79,20p EPA/908/3-79/002
iloK8"'.scientific literature which describe the lim-
loo|(|i P1 tf>e existing riverine environment, were over-
«t)vi^n e Preparation of statements concerning
rtv«rfrinm.ental impacts of the proposed action. The
^IstniM- erton Canyon will be profoundly affected by
from »h lon °' the Strontia Springs Dam. Downstream
"Zed hw am riverine environment will be character-
di«charJf^mpacted substrata (due to sluicing effect of
""98). luxurant growths of benthic algae (due to
lack of sediment scour and presence of adequate
growth nutrients), and depressed thermal regime (due
to thermal stratification in the reservoir and hypollmnial
release from the dam). Although a fishery may be sus-
tained in the reservoir tailwaters, these changes
should be considered as negative impacts in terms of
the existing environment.
Keywords: "Reservoirs, "Water supply, "Thermal pol-
lution, Stratification, Algae, Environmental impacts, Di-
verting, Nutrients, Evaluation, Texas, "Strontia Springs
Dam, Thermal stratification, Denton(Texas).
PB80-100704 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Proposed Issuance of a New Source National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System Permit to
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Conservation Consultants, Inc., Palmetto, FL.
Oct 79,220p EPA/904/9-79/044
Estech General Chemicals Corporation has proposed
an open pit phosphate mine, beneficiation plant and
rock dryer on a 10,394 acre site in northeastern Mana-
tee County, Florida. Mining will involve 6600 acres
most of which will be reclaimed, and will produce 3 mil-
lion tons per year for 21 years. The EIS examines alter-
natives, impacts and mitigative measures related to
surface water, groundwater, air, wetlands, and other
natural and cultural systems. Thirteen volumes of re-
source documents ware also prepared. These re-
source documents comprise the detailed technical
evaluations of the alternatives and the proposed
action and contain supporting data related to the Draft
EIS. The Draft EIS is a complete document.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Phosphate deposits, 'Open pit mining, Sites, Substi-
tutes, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Process charting, Design, Ecology, Florida,
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Manatee
County(Florida), Duette Mine, EPA region 4, Baseline
measurements.
PB80-100787 MFS6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1979 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
Oct 79,13p-in3v
Set includes PB80-100795, PB80-100803, and PB80-
100811.
No abstract available.
PB80-100795 MFS6.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1979 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine* - Caterpillar Tractor
Co.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
Oct 79,8 sheets EPA/460/A-79/39
See also PB80-100803.
Also available in set of 3 reports MFS8.00, PB80-
100787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In Part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. Part I also provides in-
formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The Part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance Instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollu-
tion, Automobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance,
Fuel systems, Certification, Exhaust systems, Diesel
engines, Heavy duty engines, Heavy duty vehicles,
Motor vehicles) 1979 models).
PB80-100803 MFS5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1979 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Isuzu Motor* Ltd.
Isuzu Motors Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
Oct 79,3 sheets EPA/460/A-79/41
See also PB80-100795, and PB80-100811.
Also available in set of 3 reports MFS8.00, PB80-
100787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In Part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. Part I also provides in-
formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The Part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Fuel systems, Certification, Exhaust systems,
Diesel engines, Heavy duty engines, Motor vehi-
cles(1979 models), Isuzu Motors vehicles, Heavy duty
vehicles.
PB80-100811 MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1979 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine* - Mack Trucks, Inc.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
Oct 79,2 sheets EPA/460/A-79/42
See also PB80-100803.
Also available in set of 3 reports MFS8.00, PB80-
100787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In Part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data Include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. Part I also provides in-
formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The Part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollu-
tion, Automobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance,
Fuel systems, Certification, Exhaust systems, Diesel
engines, Heavy duty engines, Heavy duty vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1979 models), Mack Truck vehicles.
PB80-100829 MFI6.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1979 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* and Truck* - l*uzu Motor*
Ltd.
Isuzu Motors Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
Oct 79,8 sheets EPA/460/A-79/40
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In Part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
December 1983 751
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. Part I also provides in-
formation on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The Part II application submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed oy the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air pollu-
tion, Automobile industry, Regulations, Maintenance,
Fuel systems. Exhaust systems, Certification, Light
duty trucks, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Isuzu
Motors vehicles.
PB80-101124 PC A06/MF A01
A Computer Code for Cohort Analysis of In-
creased Risks of Death (CAIRO). Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
John R. Cook, Bryon M. Bunger, and Mary K. Barrick.
Jun 78,119p EPA/520/4-78/012
The most serious health risk concerning individuals
exposed to radiation is death from an induced cancer.
Since cancers usually do no develop until many years
after exposure, other causes of death may intervene
and take the lives of those destined to die from cancer.
This computer code has been developed to aid risk
analysis by calculating the number of premature
deaths and loss of years of life produced by a hypo-
thetical population after exposure to a given risk situa-
tion. The code generates modified life tables and esti-
mates the impact of increased risk through several nu-
merical comparisons with the appropriate reference
life tables. One of the code's frequent applications is in
estimating the number of radiation induced deaths that
would result from exposing an initial population of
100,000 individuals to an annual radiation dose. For
each risk situation analyzed, the computer code gener-
ates a summary table which documents the input, data
and contains the results of the comparisons with refer-
ence life tables.
Keywords: 'Death, 'Accidents, 'Radiation effects, Ex-
posure, Risk, Distribution, Mathematical models,
Adults, Children, Fortran, Computer programs, Fe-
tuses, 'Health risks, Cancer, Life tables, Fortran 4 pro-
gramming language, 'CAIRO computer program.
PB80-101280 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
A Guide to Rotifers of the Laurentlan Great
Lakes. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Pellston. Biological Station.
Richard S. Stemberger. Jul 79,200p EPA/600/4-79/
021
Grant EPA-R-804652
This guide to Laurentian Great Lakes rotifers treats 38
genera, which include 167 taxa. Major emphasis is
given to planktonic and near-shore members of the
Class Monogononta. The guide briefly covers materi-
als and methods used in collecting, preparing and
counting rotifer samples, as well as techniques used in
examining rotifer trophi and preparing permanent ro-
tifer mounts. Major anatomical identification character-
istics ol rotifers are also discussed. In addition to a key
to genera, keys are given for major species, along with
ecological and taxonomic notes.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Ecology, 'Fresh water
biology, Taxonomy, Sampling, Anatomy, Zooplankton,
Indicator species. Manuals, Great Lakes, 'Rotifers.
PBSO-101314 PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
A Study of Radioactive Airborne Effluents from
Particle Accelerators. Technical rept. (Final),
Teknekron, Inc., McLean, VA.
Joel I. Cehn. Aug 79,115p ORP/TAD-79/12
Contract EPA-68-01-4997
This report discusses radioactive gas production
around non-Federally owned particle accelerators,
and the release of such gases to the atmosphere. The
estimated 1200 non-Federally owned accelerators in
the United States are categorized by type and energy,
and the potential for radiogas production is discussed
752 Vol. 83, No. 26
for various types. The results of field monitoring
around two machines (a cyclotron and a Van de
Graaff) are also presented. Estimates of annual radio-
gas releases from generic accelerator facilities are
made. The isotopes of interest are: tritium (target gas)
from a generic van de Graaff; nitrogen-13, oxygen-15,
and carbon-11 from a generic cyclotron; and argpn-41
from a generic linac. Finally, control technologies to
reduce airborne releases of these isotopes are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Particle accelerators, Van de Graaff accel-
erators, Linear accelerators, Cyclotrons, Betatrons,
Tritium, Radioactive isotopes, Gases, 'Radioactive ef-
fluents, Nitrogen 13, Oxygen 15, Carbon 11, Argon 41.
PB80-101371 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Information Transfer In the Office of Research
and Development. Final rept.,
Young (Arthur) and Co., Washington, DC.
Steven Stryker, Hugo Becker, Paul Chandler, and
Angela Griffiths. Aug 79,45p EPA/600/9-79/030
The report presents the results of a study conducted to
determine the effectiveness of the Office ol Research
and Development's (ORD) information transfer activi-
ties. The type and volume of activity is reported as well
as costs, intended and actual audiences, and the
method used for determining each activity's public
demand. Activities include journal articles, speeches,
conferences and seminars, technical reports, and
newsletters.
Keywords: 'Technological intelligence, 'Information
services, User needs, Communications management,
Publicity, Meetings, Research, Expenses, Research
and development.
PB80-101488 PC A22/MF A01
Noise Emission Standards for Surface Transpor-
tation Equipment - Regulatory Analysis of the
Noise Emission Regulations for Truck-Mounted
Solid Waste Compactors. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aug 79, 501 p EPA/550/9-79/257
This document presents the technical data and analy-
sis used by EPA in developing the Noise Emission
Regulations for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compac-
tors. The information presented includes a detailed de-
scription of the truck-mounted solid waste compactor
industry and the product; baseline noise levels for cur-
rent compactors; a description of the measurement
methodology; an analysis of the health and welfare im-
pacts and potential benefits of regulation; the noise
control technology available; an analysis o1 the costs
and potential economic effects of regulation; the en-
forcement procedures; existing local, state, and for-
eign regulations applicable to compactor noise emis-
sions; an analysis of comments to the public docket;
and a description of the participation of the public
throughout the development of the regulation.
Keywords: 'Industrial trucks, 'Garbage disposal,
'Noise pollution, Noise reduction, Standards, Eco-
nomic analysis, Regulations, Compaction equipment,
Environmental impacts, 'Transportation noise, 'Solid
waste compaction, 'Noise levels, Solid wastes, Gar-
bage trucks.
PB80-101512 PC A99/MF A01
Air Pollution: Proceedings of the International
Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
Its Application (8th), Held at Louvain-La-Neuve,
Belgium on 20-23 September, 1977.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
1977, 763p NATO/CCMS-80
See also report dated 1975, PB-251 328. NATO fur-
nished.
Contents:
Quantitative application of models to the
development of control strategy;
Comparison of different diffusion models;
Guidelines for the application of air quality
simulation models in the NATO community;
Influence and choice of meteorological inputs;
Considerations of transformation processes of air
pollutants in models;
Modeling in complex terrain;
Novel approaches in air modeling;
Transnational air quality modeling; ,
Estimating the combined effects of emissions from
several large stacks.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical r"0*'*
'Meetings, Cooling towers, Sulfur dioxide, Urban
areas, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sources, Guidelines, Canada, West Germany, Portu-
gal, Diffusion, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Algorithms, Mana^
ment planning, Forecasting, Regression analysis, Me-
teorological data, Temperature, Atmospheric diffusion,
Wind(Meteorology), Transport properties, Caruon
monoxide, Exhaust emissions, Boundary |ay8'*;
Europe, Stratosphere, *Air quality, Gaussian plume
models.
PB80-101553 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., MB.
OK
Potential Effects of Irrigation Practices on Crop
Yield* In Grand Valley. Final rept., ,. ,„,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, J. W. Hugh Barrett, Berry J.
Treat, and David B. McWhorter. Aug 79, 208p EPA/
600/2-79/149
Grant EPA-S-800687
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-286 51 0.
An analysis has been undertaken to determine th*
economically optimal seasonal depth of !rr|B.a™°j
water to apply under conditions of both limited anu
plentiful water supply. The objective was to determine
if general guidelines having practical utility could oe
postulated for all water supply situations. An extensive
range of literature pertaining to the relationship os-
tween crop yield and the amount of water applied.™"
been reviewed and differences suggested by vano-3
authors have been resolved. In addition, 32 Pjo» °\
corn and 10 plots of wheat were grown under dl»5re"
irrigation regimes in the Grand Valley of Colorado jo
supplement the results of other researchers ana S
provide further insight into the effects of stress at an
ferent stages of plant growth.
Keywords: 'Salinity, "Irrigation, "Water pollution con;
trol, 'Grande Valley, Corn plants, Fluid infiltration, Eco-
nomic impacts, Research projects^ Irrigation^ canay
Salt water, Drainage, Construction, Scheduli
plants, Inorganic salts, Reduction, Cole
Water distribution, Colorado, 'Return flow.
River,
PB80-10159S PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN. . ,„
Assessment of Clinical Procedures to Evalua<*
Liver Intoxication In Fish, . nH
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries arm
Wildlife.
William H. Gingerich, and Lavern J. Weber. Aug 79,
120p EPA/600/3-79/088
Grant EPA-R-803090
Procedures were developed to clinically evaluate liy*
damage and liver function in rainbow trout folio *'[j|
either acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment or suba cui
bath exposure to selected mammalian hepatoto»
agents. Elevations in serum of liver specific enzyme
such as aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanȣ
aminotransferase (GPT) and alkaline phosPhat?.^
(AP) were investigated as potential indicators of hep<"
tocellular damage. An exogenous test of liver function;
plasma clearance of the organic anion
.
mophthalein (BSP), also was investigated as a P0!?.!.,
tially useful test of overall liver function in the trout, in"
application of clinical tests to diagnose liver
tion in fishes following their exposure to environ
toxicants may be practical in controlled laboratory.''1
cilities. Despite the considerable variation that »
between groups of fish, significant differences couw
be demonstrated between control and treated i»v
Variation among groups of fish make intergroup con
parison of the field populations increasingly difficult ur
these methods. Therefore, the use of such technique:
should be employed to evaluate liver toxicity uno"
precisely controlled laboratory studies. Their app|lcl>
tion to field studies does not seem advisable.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Liver, 'Fishes, Evaluation-
Assessments, Procedures, Enzymes, Biochem'8""'
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exposure, Toxicity, Rainbow trout, 'Toxic
£880-101637 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"nice of Toxic Substances.
roxlclty of Organic Chemicals to Embryo-Larval
5™8es of Fish. Final rept. Oct 76-Feb 79,
'nomas Hunt Morgan School of Biological Sciences,
M>xington, MA.
Sfaey J. Birge, Jeffrey A. Black, and Donald M.
wuser. Jun 79, 72p EPA/560/11-79/007
Contract EPA-68-01-4321
atin°ntinuous flow procedure was developed for evalu-
flmi? e"ects of insoluble and volatile organics on
™™>ryo-larval stages of fish. Test compounds were se-
2, or different combinations of solubility and vola-
chin a«nd 'ncluded aniline, atrazine, chlorobenzene,
niproform, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxya-
£« acid, dioctyl phthaiate, malathion, trisodium nitri-
(rrace?ic ac'd. phenol, and polychlorinated biphenyl
Capacitor 21). A closed system devoid of standing air
325? 9.rea"y reduced volatility as a test variable. Me-
suan I "O^ogenization proved highly effective in
Cont- n^ riydrophobic compounds in influent water.
unnnuous agitation in the test chamber and regula-
•wi ot detention time further precluded the need for
^ii{Jer solvents. Test results indicated good reproduc-
"«ypt exposure concentrations. The most toxic com-
jSnas included Capacitor 21, chlorobenzene, 2,4-
crnn pheno1' and phenol. Chlorobenzene at 90 mi-
ThJT.arn8/l Produced complete lethality of trout eggs.
to 7rl • otner compounds gave log profit LCSO's ol 2
|T tv micrograms/l when trout stages were exposed in
ara»*,?ter' and LC1's were 0.3, 1.0, and 1.7 micro-
PherSi r Pnenol, Capacitor 21, and 2.4-dichloro-
stan Chloroform also was highly toxic to trout
Whs h nd LC1'S ranged from 4.9 to 6.2 micrograms/l.
jen bass and goldfish stages were exposed to chlor-
rv™lzene, LCVs ranged from 8 to 33 micrograms/l.
Mi'ppared to other species, trout developmental
LCi u ?enerally exhibited the greatest sensitivity. The
Psrsri i s de*ermined in embryo-larval tests corn-
cam? ,. 08e|y with maximum acceptable toxicant con-
DoZ8 ns developed in life-cycle studies. Most com-
f^nas produced appreciable frequencies of teratic
*To)
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This screening study provides a general background
description of refinery heaters, an inventory of their ap-
plication, and estimates of SOx, NOx, and HCx emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Heaters, 'Petroleum industry, Air pollution
control, Fuel consumption, Design, Technology, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Process charting, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Burners, Inventories,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Emission
factors.
PB80-102064 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Identifying Sources of Subsurface Nitrate Pollu-
tion with Stable Nitrogen Isotopes. Final rept. Aug
76-Mar 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Timothy J. Wolterink, Hugh J. Williamson, David C.
Jones, Thomas W. Grimshaw, and W. F. Holland. Aug
79,163p RAD-78-200-155-15, EPA/600/4-79/050
Contract EPA-68-03-2450
This report describes the methods, results, conclu-
sions, and recommendations of an investigation of a
technique to Identify sources of nitrate in ground water.
A discussion of the theoretical basis of the technique is
also provided. Over 300 soil and ground water sam-
ples were collected for this study. The samples are
from numerous sites around the United States, repre-
senting a variety of environmental conditions. The ni-
trate in 66 of these samples was separated from other
nitrogen species, converted to N2 gas, purified, and
analyzed to determine the ratio (15)N/(14)N. These
data were combined with the results of analyses per-
formed previously by Jones (1) and Kreitler (2). Stand-
ard statistical techniques were used to analyze the ob-
served variations In delta (15)N values, with respect to
several nitrate sources and various environmental fac-
tors. It was found that nitrates from feedlots, barnyards
and septic tanks can be distinguished from natural soil
nitrates on the basis of their delta (15)N values. They
cannot, however, be distinguished from each other.
Environmental factors contributed to the observed var-
iation in delta (15)N values.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Inorganic nitrates, *lso-
topic labeling, 'Soil analysis, 'Water analysis,
Sources, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, Sites, Laboratory equipment, 'Water pollution
detection, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB80-102080 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Livestock and the Environment, A Bibliography
with Abstracts. Volume VI. Final rept. 1 Mar 78-28
Fob 80,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada. Animal
Waste Technical Information Center.
M. L. Rowe, and Linda Merryman. Aug 79, 251 p* EPA/
600/2-79-150
Contract EPA-R-805151-02
See also Volume 5, PB-286 361.
Management and research information on animal
wastes has expanded in recent years. This material
has appeared in such diverse sources as journal arti-
cles, conference papers, university publications, gov-
ernment publications, magazine articles, books or
book chapters, and theses. This bibliography was
compiled in order to speed the flow of information on
findings in one segment of livestock industry to other
segments that could benefit from this technology.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Bibliographies, 'Water pollution.
Waste disposal, Beef cattle, Dairy cattle, Sheep, Poul-
try, Anaerobic processess, Ventilation, Methane,
Runoff, Air pollution, Indexes(Documentation), Ab-
stracts, "Feedlot wastes, Confinement pens, 'Waste
recycling, Manure, 'Biogas, Waste utilization.
PB80-102247 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Control Technology for the Phos-
phate Fertilizer Industry. Final rept. Jul 78-Jun 79,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
Vladimir G. Boscak. Aug 79,187p EPA/600/2-79/169
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
E
The report gives results of a phosphate fertilizer indus-
try study to evaluate multimedia control technology,
identify information gaps, and define needed RDandD
projects. The following manufacturing processes were
covered: wet process phosphoric acid, superphos-
phoric acid, diammonium phosphate, and normal and
triple superphosphate. Air emission control technolo-
gy, based largely on using wet scrubbers, is adequate
or control of fluoride and paniculate and is used
throughout the industry. The cross-flow packed scrub-
ber appears to be the best and applies to all process-
es. The gypsum pond appears to be the major environ-
mental concern: main problems are fluoride emissions
to the atmosphere and possible leaching of fluoride,
phosphate, and radioactive substances. None of the
several control alternatives are economically attrac-
tive. RDandD projects identified and defined in this
study are: (1) an epidemiologic study of the industry;
(2) studies of gypsum pond emissions and chemistry;
(3) an evaluation and optimization of wet scrubbers; (4)
a study of the atmospheric interaction and dispersion
modeling of ammonia/sulfuric acid mist; (5) a demon-
stration of a dry system for fluoride removal; and (6) an
evaluation of the Kimre mist eliminator.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fertilizers,
'Chemical industry, 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Pollution
control, Air pollution control, Water pollution control,
Particles, Fluorides, Mathematical models, Scrubbers,
Lagoons(Ponds), Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Process charting, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, "Phos-
phate rocks, Mist eliminators.
PB80-102262 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methodology for Estimating Direct Exposure to
New Chemical Substances. Final rept. Feb 79-Jun
79,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
David Becker, Edward Fochtman, Allan Gray, and
Thomas Jacoblus. Jul 79,140p' IITRI-C6390-C08,
EPA/560/13-79/008
Contract EPA-68-02-2617
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires
each person who intends to manufacture a new chemi-
cal to submit a Premanufacturing Notice to the EPA at
least 90 days before manufacture commences. The
work reported was directed toward the development of
a procedure for the orderly and rapid prediction of
direct human exposure which might result from such
manufacture. The procedure developed involves the
following steps: (1) prediction of unavailable physical
and chemical properties from analogs and general
chemical knowledge, (2) prediction of production
volume based upon company size, current markets
and total market volume, (3) prediction of chemical op-
erator exposure and exposures in the vicinity of the
plant based upon fugitive emissions and (4) prediction
of consumer exposure based upon active use and pas-
sive use of the chemical. The procedure will permit
rapid screening however further refinements will en-
hance the usefulness.
Keywords: Methodology, Estimating, Exposure, Pre-
dictions, Humans, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Industrial medicine, Consumers, Assessments,
Risk, 'Toxic substances, Toxic Substances Control
Act, Public Law 94-469, 'Occupational safety and
health.
PBBO-102288 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NOx Emission Factors for Wood-Fired Boilers.
Final rept. Apr-Jun 79,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Durham, NC.
Arthur B. Nunn. Sep 79,37p* EPA/600/7-79/219
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of a review of NOx emission
data from 14 wood-fired boilers. Types of wood used
as fuel included sawdust, chips, shavings, edgings,
bark, and other processing residues. Boilers tested
ranged in size from 1.5 to 67 MW (4,500 to 200,000 Ib
steam/hr). The major finding was that wood-fired boil-
ers emit considerably less NOx (on an energy basis)
than fossil fueled boilers of comparable size, in spite of
the fact that most wood-fired boilers operate with high
levels of excess air, a practice normally associated
with increased NOx emissions. Average emission fac-
tors were 0.3 g NOx per kg fuel for boilers less than 10
MW, and 1.6 g NOx per kg fuel for boilers greater than
10MW.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Boilers, Wood, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Substitutes, Methodology, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition). 'Emission factors.
PB80-102304 PCA11/MFA01
Lake and Reservoir Classification Systems. Final
rept.,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Thomas E. Maloney. Jul 79,248p* EPA/600/3-79/
074
This publication contains a series of articles dealing
with the trophic classification of lakes and reservoirs.
These articles are concerned with the history of lake
and reservoir classification systems and their present
day use.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Reservoirs, 'Water pollution, Re-
views, Classifications, History, Comparison, Survey*.
Algae, Plankton, Indexes(Ratios), Phosphorus, Nitro-
gen, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Turbidity, 'Eutrophiea-
tlon, Trophic level.
PB80-102312 PC A07/MF AOJ
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Aoa.
OK.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Dome**
tic Wastewater: Milton, Wisconsin, Rapid Inflic-
tion Site. Final rept. Jan 76-Nov 77. _„
Benham-Blair and Affiliates, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK.
Aug 79,142p EPA/600/2-79/145
Contract EPA-68-02-2363
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering EnterpriM"'
Inc., Norman, OK.
This report presents the findings of a research study
on the long-term effects of applying treated dornfl8™|<
wastewater to an infiltration site at Milton, Wisconsin'
On the test site a high-rate rapid infiltration
per year, had been used for about 20 years. Water and
soil samples from this site were compared with 8ir/]!"i
samples from an upstream control area not receiving
wastewater application.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
'Urban areas, Soil properties, Metals, Fluid infiltn»*JV
Concentration(Compositlon), Lagoons(Ponds), PrjS.8.
phorus, Nitrogen, Zinc(Metal), Coliform bacteria,
surveys, Planning, Water wells, Ground v
Tables(Data), Wisconsin, 'Land applicetW"'
'Milton(Wisconsin).
PB80-102338 PC A05/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinna •
Analysis of Airborne Viable Bacteria at Solid
Waste Processing Facilities,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO. „. ,
M. W. Fletcher, and D. E. Fiscus. Aug 79, 92p* EPA/
600/2-79/131
Contract EPA-68-02-1 871
SeealsoPB-288513.
i I tflSt'
The report presents a synopsis of aerobiologicai '<'"
ing methodologies used by Midwest Research ^B,pr0.
during studies conducted for the Environmental "
tection Agency. The purpose of the programs **'Lg
determine relative levels of airborne bacteria ana..X|,9.
aerosols within and around waste handling 'acl"l'!.
The facilities tested were the St. Louis Refuse
essing Plant, the Browning Ferris/Raytheon
Company Resource Recovery Plant (Houston),
three other types of waste handling facilities, i-*.'..
cinerator, a waste treatment plant, and a landfi "
report presents microbiological air sampling
ologies, field sample handling procedures, and
tory analysis methodologies. It also includes a 9e
discussion of pertinent considerations, f?co
tions for future research, and an extensive
phy.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Viruses, Microorganisms,
sion, Industrial plants, Assessments, Refuse, Ajf
tion, Trace elements, Performance evaluation, J
Recommendations, Solid waste disposal,
processing plants, 'Air pollution control, Ba
Fabric filters, Particulates, 'Refuse derived fuels
754 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-102379 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Technique for Predicting Fly Ash Resistivity.
nnal rept. Nov 75-May 79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
«oy E. Bickelhaupt. Aug 79, 1 15p EPA/600/7-79/204
Contract EPA-68-02-21 14
The report gives results of research to develop a tech-
nique for predicting: the electrical resistivity of fly ash
™m as-received, ultimate coal analysis; and the
cnemical composition of the concomitant coal ash prq-
ouced by simple laboratory ignition. Important chemi-
cal factors are the alkali metals, alkaline earths, and
Jon (with respect to the fly ash), and the water and
sulfur trioxide concentrations in the flue gas. Many fly
asn samples were evaluated to minimize variations
™je to physical effects. The effects of fly asn chemical
wrnposition, ash layer field strength, and the water
""d sulfur trioxide concentrations in the test environ-
ment were evaluated with respect to electrical resistivi-
jy and the evaluated parameters for the entire temper-
ature spectrum of interest. Equipment and techniques
*we .developed to obtain the required data. Predicted
rr'J^ivity as a function of temperature was favorably
proof-tested using data acquired from previous field
"valuations of precipitators at six power generating
nS1 The proof test involved a comparison of pro-
resistivity, laboratory measured resistivity, resis-
~ v measured in situ, precipitator efficiency, and cur-
' wn density of the precipitator outlet fields.
Keywords: *Fly ash, 'Air pollution control, 'Electro-
"a[ic precipitators, 'Electrical resistivity, Coal, Indus-
m« J^tes, Combustion products, Laboratory equip-
"«jnt, Sulfur dioxide, Volume, Surfaces, Acid resist-
™i^' comPuter programs, BASIC programming lan-
aua9e, Fortran.
E&M.102387 PC A1 1/MF A01
iJ5jw2al Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Quality Impacts of Closed-Cycle Cool-
«m» and the Interaction of Stack Gas and
Tower Plumes. Final rept. Oct 77-Jan 78,
Engineers, Inc., Denver, CO.
lesson, and M. C. Hu. Mar 79, 23 1p EPA/
-4337
9ives results of a literature survey of the
tsrrw e ''uatity impacts of closed-cycle cooling sys-
«aet F°"°wir>g discussions of cooling tower and
P'ume8> interactions of these plumes are
aut- For cooling tower plumes, plume types,
Mva). ' 8a" drift generation and deposition, and in-
oionj!™1rrt weather modifications are reviewed. Meteor-
conditions enhancing deposition, icing and
and cloud formation are emphasized. The dis-
'ocu» cpol'ng-tower/stack-gas plume interactions
o on 'Pteractions, acid precipitation, case stud-
rwur5peralil?9 power plants, and control practices to
or rni logi-
, drift,
ng and fogging on biota are treated. Effects of
„ tower salt loading, cumulative ef-
"artts c n< and "'t tolerances of animals and
*hfc*kFmPr>a8is is on threshold concentrations at
taSjJkta is affected by dritt deposition and the dis-
fom the cooling tower where toxic levels result.
'• 'Cooling towers. 'Plumes, 'Environmental
Electric power plants, Ecology, Soils,
Flue gasea, Fogging, Ice formation,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Trans-
-t~.«=», Atmospheric diffusion. Animals,
cycle systems, Precipitation washout, Salt
^ - • PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
™K NC.
Assessment: Source Test and
Wellman-Galusha (Qlen Gery)
. Final rept. Jan 78-May 79,
.t Austin. TX.
' Trede, and G, C. Page. Aug 79,
-
EPA-6B-02-2147
The report gives results of a Source Test and Evalua-
tion Program at a commercial coal gasification plant
using a Wellman-Galusha gasifier to produce low-Btu
fuel gas from anthracite coal. Major objective of the
tests was to perform an environmental assessment of
the plant's waste streams and fugitive emissions. Re-
sults of the chemical analyses of the plant's waste
streams indicated that all contained organic and/or in-
organic components which may have potentially harm-
ful health and/or ecological effects. In the pokehole
and coal hopper gaseous emissions, CO, NH3, and
possibly Fe(CO)5 were found to be of major concern.
Organic compounds which were not specifically identi-
fied were of potential concern in the ash sluice water.
The gasifier ash and cyclone dust contained a number
of trace elements and possibly organics that may be
potentially harmful. Analyses of the leachate from
these two solid waste streams indicated that the
leachate may have potentially harmful health and/or
ecological effects; however, at a substantially lower
level of concern when compared with the results of the
ash and dust themselves. Overall, the indicated poten-
tial health and ecological effects of the plant's waste
streams were found to be significantly lower than
those for waste streams produced by gasifying bitumi-
nous coals.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
'Anthracite, Assessments, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Solid waste disposal, Fly ash, Combustion prod-
ucts. Industrial wastes, Ecology, Public health. Stand-
ards, Cyclones, Particles, Bioassay, Organic com-
pounds, Design, Performance evaluation, Flue gases,
Sampling, Inorganic compounds, 'Wellman-Galusha
process, 'Low btu gas.
PB80-102601 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter System Study: First Annual Report.
Annual rept. Oct 77-Oct 78,
Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarillo, TX.
K. L. Ladd, G. R. Faulkner, and S. L. Kunka. Aug 79,
81p EPA/600/7-79/183
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
The report describes first-year activities of a compre-
hensive EPA-funded study of a commercial fabric filter
unit on a 350-MW low-sulfur-coal-fired unit at South-
western Public Service Company's Harrington Station
at Amarillo, Texas. Two years will be required to com-
plete collection and assessment of 1 full operating
year's worth of data. Following the testing phase of the
program, operational and maintenance data will con-
tinue to be recorded until 1982 to determine the long-
term reliability of the system. Special tests will be con-
ducted through the use of an onsite pilot baghouse.
First-year activities include installation of support sys-
tems, startup of the full-scale fabric filter system, and
planning for special test programs. Special testing on
the full-scale system began in February 1979. Results
will be included in the next annual report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Air filters, Design,
Performance evaluation, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Texas, 'Fabric filters, 'Coal fired power
plants, Amarillo(Texas).
PB80-102635 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of the Air-Jet Oil
Boom. Final rept.,
Hydronautics, Inc., Laurel, MD.
Steven H. Cohen, and William T. Lindenmuth. Jun 79,
139p EPA/600/7-79/143
Contract EPA-68-03-2497
This novel boom has the capability to divert oil slicks
under wave and current conditions that normally pre-
clude the development of conventional booms. Tests
at the EPA's OHMSETT facility have demonstrated
that this boom can divert oil slicks at 3 knots with 85
percent efficiency when at 30 degrees to the flow.
Moreover, with the addition of steep, 4-foot waves, the
boom's performance is virtually unchanged. The key
operational feature is a continuous, horizontally orient-
ed air jet ejected from along the boom at the water's
surface. Overall, each boom module is about 33 feet
long and 2 feet in diameter. Major components Include
two inflatable sections (ducts) to support the continoua
air-jet nozzle and a center support float/jet pump.
Some unique features of the structural design are low
draft (1 inch) and excellent compliance to waves. Fur-
thermore, the sections are both lightweight and highly
compactible for storage.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Booms(Equipment), Water
pollution, Structural design. Fabrication, Jet pumps, Air
ejectors. Floating bodies, Ocean waves, 'Oil retention
booms, 'Oil pollution containment, Oil spills.
PB80-102643 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Domes-
tic Wastewater: Dickinson, North Dakota, Slow
Rate Irrigation Site.
Benham-Blair and Affiliates, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK.
Aug 79,179p EPA/600/2-79/144
Contract EPA-68-02-2363
Prepared in cooperation with Engineeiing Enterprises,
Inc., Norman, OK.
This report presents the findings of a study on the
long-term effects of applying treated domestic
wastewater to farmland at Dickinson, North Dakota.
On the test site, slow rate irrigation, using the border-
strip method, has been practiced since 1959. Water,
soil, and crop samples from this test site were com-
pared with similar samples from a nearby control site
irrigated with well water. Samples were also taken to
detect coliform bacteria. Thirteen parameters were
found to be present at significantly greater concentra-
tions in the effluent used to irrigate the test site than in
the river water used to irrigate the control site. Total
cpliforms were occasionally found in control and test
site wells.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Munici-
palities, Field tests, Trace elements, Coliform bacteria,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen, Potassium,
Chlorides, Farm crops, Selenium, Public health,
Aquifers, Flow rate. Comparison, North Dakota, 'Land
application, Sewage irrigation, Dickinson(North
Dakota).
PB80-102734 PC A03/MF AQ1
Assessment of Macrolnvertebrate Monitoring
Techniques In an Energy Development Area: A
Test of the Efficiency of Three Macrobenthto
Sampling Methods In the White River. Final rept.
1977-78,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
J. E. Pollard, and W. L. Kinney. Jul 79,36p EPA/600/
7-79/163
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biology.
Three methods of macroinvertebrate collection were
evaluated for selectivity, reproducibility, capture-effec-
tiveness, and cost efficiency in the White River near
Meeker, Colorado. Samples were collected with a
standard Suiter sampler, with a portable invertebrate
box sampler (PIBS), and using the standardized travel-
ing kick method (STKM). Methods were evaluated in
riffles of the White River directly upstream and down-
stream from the confluence of Piceance Creek, as well
as at a comparable riffle at an upstream control sta-
tion. The traveling kick method collected the largest
number of animals and taxa per sample with equiva-
lent or lower variability than the other two methods
tested. While Surber samplers and the PIBS per-
formed similarly in the vicinity of Piceance Creek, their
performance differed at the upstream control station
where the PIBS collected more animals and taxa per
sample than the Surber sampler. Similarly, while
sample processing time did not significantly differ for
the various methods of collection used at any station in
the vicinity of Piceance Creek, differences did exist at
the upstream control station with kick samples requir-
ing the greatest amount of processing time and
Suiters requiring the least. The cost efficiency of vari-
ous methods was estimated by calculating the number
of animals processed per unit time and the number of
hours required to provide standing crop estimates for
each sample within a given precision level. Cost-effi-
ciency estimates indicated that the STKM was superior
to the Surber or PIBS methods, particularly at the sta-
tion near Piceance Creek.
Keywords: 'Intertebrates, 'White River, 'Monitoring,
Tests, Assessments, Evaluation, Sampling, Methodol-
ogy, Benthos, Limnology, Recommendations, Design,
Efficiency, Colorado, Selectivity, Effectiveness, Water
pollution, Meeker(Colorado).
December 1983 755
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBBO-102759 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Mobile Source NOx Monitor, Hydrogen-Atom
Direct Chemllumlnescence Method. Final rept. Sep
77-Mar 79,
AeroChem Research Labs., Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Arthur Fontijn, Hermann N. Volltrauer, and William R.
Frenchu. Jul 79, 43p EPA/600/2-79/120
Contract EPA-68-02-2744
An analyzer was developed for measuring motor vehi-
cle NOx (NO and N02) emissions based on the chemi-
luminescence reaction of NO and N02 with hydrogen
atoms. This eliminated the need for an NO2 to NO
converter as required with ozone chemiluminescence
for NOx analysis. The hydrogen-atom source is based
on the thermal dissociation of molecular hydrogen on
a hot (approximately 1900C) tungsten filament. The
unit has linear response to NOx over a concentration
range from 4 ppm to greater than 3000 ppm. No inter-
ferences were observed with H2O, CO, CO2, toluene,
isopentane, NH3, HCN, CH3NH2, or H2 at concentra-
tions encountered in raw automobile exhaust. Oxygen
and ethylene caused minor interferences which should
be inconsequential in actual application.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Monitors, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Chemiluminescence, Exhaust emissions. Motor vehi-
cles, Concentration(Composition), Laboratory equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, Design, "Hydrogen
atoms, "Air pollution detection.
PB80-102767 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Three Technologies for the Treat-
ment of Cooling Tower Slowdown. Final rept. Sep
78-Jul 79,
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
E. H. Houle, A. N. Rogers, M. C. Weekes, S. C. May,
and V. C. der Mast. Sep 79,89p EPA/600/7-79/220
Contract EPA-68-02-2616
The report gives results of analyses of three methods
for treating cooling tower blowdown: vapor compres-
sion evaporation (VCE), reverse osmosis (RO), and
vertical tube foaming evaporation (VTFE). The two
evaporative processes produce pure water (approxi-
mately 10 ppm dissolved solids). RO produces water
of lower purity (about 500 ppm) but adequate for many
uses in the power plant or for return to the cooling
tower. VCE has been used successfully in commercial
power plants; the evaporative processes have no
plants in operation on cooling tower blowdown. Plant
investment is strongly influenced by the cost of lined
ponds required to evaporate the treatment plant blow-
down and store the residual salts. Consequently, the
RO plant investment is almost in the range of that of
VTFE and VCE plants. In total capital plus operating
costs, VTFE has a distinct advantage over RO and
VCE because its source of energy is waste heat to
which a zero value has been assigned. The VTFE eco-
nomics is based on vertical tube evaporator experi-
ence (without adding surfactant). If field pilot tests sub-
stantiate previous laboratory results, the economics of
the VTFE may prove to be even more favorable.
Keywords: 'Thermal pollution, 'Water pollution con*
trol, 'Cooling towers, Evaporation, Electric power
plants, Osmosis, Foaming, Assessments, Wind tun-
nels, Comparison, Design, Performance evaluation,
Process charting, Economic analysis, "Vapor com-
pression distillation, 'Reverse osmosis, 'Vertical tube
foaming evaporation, Wet methods, Dry methods, Ver-
tical tube evaporation.
PB80-10Z783 PC A06/MF A01
Los Angeles Catalyst Study. Annual rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Gary F. Evans, and Charles E. Rodes. May 79,120p
EPA/600/4-79/033
This report is a summary of the data collected at the
Los Angeles Catalyst Study (LACS) from June 1974
through December 1977. Previous reports of the LACS
data were presented at the symposium held In April
1977, covering the data through 1976. The current
report follows the same data presentation format,
showing 6-month average trends of the summer sea-
sons (April through September) beginning in 1974. Ad-
ditional graphs are included in this report giving more
detailed comparisons of freeway pollutant contribu-
tions with traffic parameters. Also included are method
comparisons of nigh volume and membrane samplers
for total mass, SO4(-2), Pb, and ratios of S/SO4 and
Pb/Br.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Monitor-
ing, Traffic, Aerosols, Sulfates, Lead(Metal), Trends,
Comparison, Wind(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Graphs(Charts),
Sampling, California, 'Los Angeles(California), 'Air
pollution sampling.
PB80-102791 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Criteria for Assessment of Environmental Pollut-
ants from Coal Cleaning Processes. Final rept. Sep
76-Apr 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. A. Ewing, B. W. Cornaby, P. Van Voris, J. C. Zuck,
and G. E. Raines. Jun 79,202p EPA/600/7-79/140
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
The report describes the development of criteria for
assessing environmental pollutants associated with
coal cleaning processes. The primary problem con-
cerns emissions of pollutants to all three media-air,
water, and land-and assessing their effects on'
humans and the environment. Pollutants associated
with coal cleaning are primarily inorganic compounds
associated with the ash fraction. Lists of potential pol-
lutants from coal cleaning and utilization, containing
hundreds of entries, have been proposed. Selected for
investigation were 51 elements and 23 substances or
groups of substances. The major criterion for ranking
the importance of any pollutant is the relationship be-
tween its expected environmental concentration and
the maximum concentration which presents no long-
term hazard to humans or biota. Environmental con-
centrations depend on emission rates and the effects
of physical transport and dispersion. Although these
data will ultimately come from field measurements, for
now they must be estimated. Methodology for these
estimates are reviewed; the methodology is well devel-
oped and little further development appears neces-
sary. Ecological transport and distribution is much less
well developed: investigation shows large data gaps
for many elements and species. Illustrative data are
presented for eight of the more important trace ele-
ments.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Air pollution, Water pollution, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Public health, Desul-
furization, Concentration(Composition), Field tests,
Ranking, Ecology, Forecasting, Regulations, Stand-
ards, Transport properties, Toxicity, Sources, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Land pollution, Path of pollutants.
PB80-102809 PC A06/MF A01
Indicatory Fate Study. Final rept. May 78-Feb 79,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Leon H. Myers, Thomas E. Short, Jr., Bill L. DePrater,
Fred M. Pfeffer, and Donald H. Kampbell. Aug 79,
105p EPA/600/2-79/175
This report is concerned with media disposition of spe-
cific priority pollutants. Composite samples were ob-
tained from the influent, effluent, residuals, and air
from 12 industrial biological treatment systems. These
samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chroma-
tography for organic constituents, by atomic absorp-
tion for metals, and by EPA methodology for phenolics,
cyanide, and mercury. Participating industries includ-
ed: (1) organics and plastics, (2) Pharmaceuticals, (3)
pesticides, (4) rubber, (5) wood preservative, and (6)
petroleum refining. The data in this report represent
potential disposition of specific priority pollutants
during 3-day study periods and should not be con-
strued to represent a mass balance study.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Organic com-
pounds, Air pollution, Water pollution, Sampling, Proc-
ess charting, Design, Chemical industry, Refiners, Pe-
troleum industry, Pharmaceuticals, Wood industry,
Pesticides, Rubber industry. Combustion products,
Plastics industry, Concentration(Composition), Sites,
•Biological industrial waste treatment, 'Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution sampling, Air pollution sampling,
Solid wastes.
PB80-102817 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluation of a Hydrosallnlty Model of Irrigation
Return Flow Water Quality In the Mesllla Valley,
New Mexico. Final rept.,
New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro.
Lynn W. Gelhar, and Stephen G. McLin. Aug 79,205p
EPA/600/2-79/173
Grant EPA-S-803565
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Water Re-
sources Research Inst., Las Cruces.
A multi-cell lumped parameter model of irrigation-relat-
ed water quality is applied to the Mesilla Valley, and ir-
rigated valley encompassing roughly 40,500 hectares
(100,000 acres) adjacent to the Rio Grande in soutn-
ern New Mexico. The model simulates diversions ana
pumping to meet irrigation needs, irrigation r?tu["
flows, chemical transformations in the soil, and mixing
in groundwater reservoirs. Data on water quality at J->
surface and groundwater sites within the valley were
collected on a monthly basis over two irrigation sea-
sons. The USBR-EPA model is evaluated in several
computer simulations covering the ten-year penoo
from 1967 through 1976.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution, 'Rjo
Grande River, Mesilla Valley, Diverting, Mathematical
models, Seasonal variations, Observation wells, Sam-
pling, Aquifers, Fortran, Water consumption, Losses,
Computer programs, Nutrients, Water I"8.1]:);!
Tables(Data), New Mexico, 'Return flow, ACUMtn
computer program.
PB80-102825 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnan,
OH
Group Treatment ot Multlcompany Platlnfl
Wastes: The Taunton Silver Project,
Reed and Barton Silversmiths, Taunton, MA. .
Henry C. Gill, J. H. Shockcor, and Marsha Gorden. Jui
79,168p EPA/600/2-79/102
Grant EPA-S-805181
Prepared in cooperation with Development Sciences,
Inc., Sagamore, MA., and Shocker (J. H.), WoodstocK,
VT.
The requirements for industrial pretreatment will lifj*
the entrance of metals into municipal treatment tacin
ties in many communities. Within a city or region, op:
portunities for grouping waste streams from 8ev°.'j
similar companies for combined treatment may ex» •
This project was designed to consider three cornp»
nies irom ine rnviai-roiaiou iioio in uie vyiiy w ( *»~ . _»
Massachusetts, as possible candidates. The inter"
was to explore the treatment technology applicaDie w
this segment of the electroplating industry in order w
determine the potential for cost savings with
treatment and also to develop the legal and instituwjf
al arrangements necessary for successful i.roR16"1:^^
tation and operation. Technical and economic oata.rnf
presented on individual control alternatives for eacn "'
the three companies as well as on group treatrfien|j
with several variations for concentrated wastes an
sludges. In addition, the potential for material reo°:. ';
and water reuse within the various control alternat we
is developed. Finally, the appropriate institutional a
financial factors for ownership and operation of an »
dustrial group treatment facility are described. ' " .
project is an outgrowth of a Section 208 (PL 92-0"";
areawide wastewater management plan under de/"
opment by the Southern Regional Planning and ew
nomic Development District (SRPEDD) of Massacnu;
setts as an alternative approach to meeting Pretr°f-.
ment requirements. The materials in the report are o
signed to assist the companies in determining *ne'"tfl
they should treat particular elements of their was>
separately or jointly.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electroplating;
'Industrial waste treatment, Economic analysis,_"?
sessments, Substitutes, Management planning, ler,|.
nology. Materials recovery, Feasibility, Data *C<*"Z\
tion, Sewage, Comparison, Taunton(Massachusewi'
Waste water reuse.
PB80-102866 PC A05/MF A°J
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research "
angle Park, NC.
An Evaluation of Control Needs for the
Fertilizer Industry. Final rept. Mar 78-Jul 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
756 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philip S. Hincman, and Peter Spawn. Aug 79, 91 p
EPA/600/2-79/186
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
The report gives results of an evaluation of pollution
control needs for the nitrogen fertilizer industry. It in-
cludes descriptions of ammonia, ammonium nitrate,
and urea manufacturing processes and evaluations of
existing processes, pollution control techniques, and
"missions, it also evaluates existing and potential pol-
ta2f conro' techniques, processes, and alternative
reeastocks as they apply to manufacturing ammonia,
ammonium nitrate, and urea for additional pollution
Control and emission reduction. Air emission and water
°»luent controls were examined for each process.
source severity factors were used to evaluate the envi-
sin"^ntal Si9nificance of emission sources. The most
t emission problems associated with the in-
oustry are (1) oxides of nitrogen from the addition of
P™Qe gas and overhead to primary reformer firing in
.""roonia synthesis, and (2) particulates from prilling
jowers in ammonium nitrate and urea production. Fur-
'W work is needed to develop adequate control tech-
<«ques for these pollutant sources. All other pollutant
wjurces for this industry can be adequately controlled
ty existing technology.
: *Air pollution control, 'Fertilizers, 'Nitro-
Water pollution control, Manufacturing, Nitrogen
s, Particles, Ammonium nitrate, Urea, Technolo-
Arnmonia, Aerosols, Sources, Substitutes, Process
Design, Performance evaluation. Stationary
j*B8p-102874 PC A07/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
****Mm«nt of the Impact of Resource Recovery
SJ,ffl« Environment. Final rept.,
jJISECorp., McLean, VA. METREK Dlv.
cSrrtr Qordon- Au8 79- 1 47P EPA/600/8-79/01 1
-™* assessment of the environmental Impact of re-
ihli ,,,reoover¥ examines the environmental effects
Ban " derlve >rom municipal solid waste disposal In
from iand tne changes In these effects that will result
u.7L 'mplementatlon of resource recovery from munlc-
pai i solid waste. The environmental effects considered
w»u 2?ud* are tn« dlrect effect8 0( municipal solid
»uh.mti*poeal M welt as tne secondary effects of
*»«!TlnO materials recovered from municipal solid
mK,tfw raw materials In the production of steel, alu-
Mun™' Blase, and energy. The energy aspects of re-
from r6coveiy-that Is, energy conservation resulting
"'use of recovered scrap In materials production
nlcin.i 8r|» production by recovery of energy from mu-
Ij^ai solid waste-are also evaluated. The analysis Is
rtuj^o on specific scenarios for municipal solid waste
retS?™ ln 1990 without and with Implementation of
"•ource recovery.
'ErM?rd*: *Solid waste disposal, 'Materials recovery,
"lental Impacts, Assessments, Scenarios,
i , , ,
Em»i *?•?> Aluminum, Glass, Recovery, Resources,
W8y, Wastes, Metal recycling, Glass recycling.
pc A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
of Priority Pollutant* at a Primary Zinc
Mo^, ctlon Facility. Final rept. Mar 78-Jan 79,
T u! "Santo Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Mfir TSSflheem, and G. 6. Rawlings. Apr 79, 56p
CorifrPA'862. EPA/600/2-79/093
"""tract EPA-68-03-2550
8 1 result of the 1976 consent decree (Natural Re-
fense Council et al. v Train suit), EPA is ob-
«renr1'° laen«fy which of the 129 priority pollutants
the ah?ent in industrial wastewaters and to determine
' of various wastewater treatment technol-
! amove these pollutants. This project investi-
Ia9°on wastewater, and (5) plant efflu-
~ .^f, P'ant treats all process, sanitary, and storm
''wastewater in a lime precipitation/solids clarifi-
„ ' veatment plant. Results indicate high levels of
1 ^amium, and chrome being generated but being
removed to acceptable state requirements by the
treatment plant. Low levels Of several priority pollutant
organics were found, originating either in the city water
supply or being generated chemically within the manu-
facturing plant.
Keywords: *Zinc industry, 'Water pollution control, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Performance evaluation, Cal-
cium oxides, Precipitation(Chemistry), Clarifiers, Water
treatment, Potable water. Sampling, Process charting,
Design, Sources.
PB80-102890 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Research Needs As»es«ment - Livestock Manure
Management In the United States. Final rept. 22
May 78-30 Apr 79,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
R. K. White. Aug 79,62p EPA/600/2-79/179
Grant EPA-R-806025
The purpose of this report is to identify and assess re-
search needs for livestock manure management as re-
lated to environmental quality. Needs identified are
prioritized and assigned to one or more function areas,
such as, environmental quality, demonstration, live-
stock production, education, and energy.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
Manures, Reclamation, Odor control, Research man-
agement, Land disposal.
P880-102908 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Municipal Waatewtter Treatment by the Overland
Flow Method of Land Application. Final rept. Jun
74-Mar 79,
Oklahoma State Dept. of Health, Oklahoma City.
Dempsey H. Hall, Joel E. Shelton, Charles H,
Lawrence, Ernest D. King, and Raymond A. Mill. Aug
79,142p EPA/600/2-79/178
QrantEPA-R-803218
Prepared In cooperation with Oklahoma Univ. Health
Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
The primary objectives of this study were to assess on
a seasonal basis (winter and summer applications),
the capabilities of treating raw (screened) municipal
wastewater and secondarily treated waetewater
(wastewater stabilization pond effluent), by applying
the wastewaters to experimental overland flow treat-
ment modules, on two slopes: 2 per cent and 3 per
cent. Three application techniques In the raw treat-
ment phase were employed for comparison: (a) rotat-
ing spray booms with fan nozzles, (b) fixed riser and
trough methods were used for the secondary treat-
ment phase. Comparison was made between the per-
formance of the raw wastewater overland flow system
and the performance of the wastewater stabilization
pond receiving the same wastewater. Tests were con-
ducted to determine removal efficiencies for the two
treatment systems and the soil composition.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Munici-
palities, Lagoons(Ponds), Spraying, Rotation, Slopes,
Performance evaluation, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Bacteria, 'Land application, 'Over-
land flow.
PB80-102916 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Reclamation of Alkaline Ash Piles and Protection
of Their Environment Against Dusting. Final rept.,
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-Pit
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland).
Wladyslaw Wysocki. Jul 79,279p EPA/600/7-79/128
The objective of this study was to develop methods to
reclaim and stabilize by vegetation fly ash and bottom
ash from bituminous and lignite fired power plants. The
ash had been transported from the power plant as a
slurry and disposed of in ponds. Ashes from these
power plants were strongly alkaline (pH from 8.5 to
12.8). Greenhouse experiments were conducted using
white mustard (Synapis alba L) as the test plant on
ashes treated by various fertilizers, with various mois-
ture levels and with application of amendments chang-
ing the composition or the properties of ash. Three
years field experiments were performed to investigate
the growth, health, yields and quality of mixtures of leg-
umes and grasses growing on ashes with admixtures
changing their composition or properties. Different fer-
tilization levels were also studied. A 3-year field investi-
gation of the growth and health of selected species of
trees, bushes and cuttings was conducted. On the
base of periodical pedoTqgical microbiological and
phytosociological examination the process of the soil
formation was observed. Field experiments were car-
ried out in a moderate climate, where significant air
pollution, dusts, and gases were emitted from nearby
power plants burning bituminous coal or lignite. Along
with the results of the greenhouse and field investiga-
tions, recommendations for ash reclamation are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Waste reclamation, 'Fly ash, 'Air pollution
control, 'Solid waste disposal, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Field tests,
Trees, Soils, Coal fired power plants.
PB80-102924 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Lyslmeter Study on the Disposal of Paraho Re-
torted OH Shale. Final rept. Jul 75-Jul 78,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
H. P. Harbert III, W. A. Berg, and D. B. McWhorter. Aug
79,183p EPA/600/7-79/188
Grant EPA-R-803788
This study used lysimeters to develop both a low-ele-
vation (dry site) and a high-elevation (moist site) dis-
posal scheme for Parana (direct-heated) retorted
shale. The objectives were to investigate: (1) vegeta-
tive stabilization of the surface of Paraho retorted
shale and retorted shale covered with various soil
depths; and (2) water and salt movement through both
uncompacted and compacted Paraho retorted shale.
The lysimeters were constructed In western Colorado
In 1976 and filled In March 1977. Only a sparse vegeta-
tion cover (5% to 15) was established on retorted
shale following fertilization, mulching, and Irrigation. In
contrast, adequate plant cover (55% to 85%) was es-
tablished on the soil cover over retorted shale and on
soil control treatment areas. Water balance calcula-
tions and drainage below the compacted zone indicat-
ed that water had moved into and through the com-
pacted zone In the leached treatment areas. Further
study Is needed on the permeability of the compacted
shale.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Solid waste disposal, Land rec-
lamation, Vegetation, Percolation, Soil moisture, Lysi-
meters, Colorado, Retorting, Solid wastes.
PB80-102999 PC A16/MF A01
Urban Transportation: Intermodal Consideration
and Evaluation of Short Distance Transport Tech-
nique*.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 76,375p NATO/CCMS-57
Report on CCMS: Urban Transportation Pilot Study.
NATO furnished.
The project is divided into four parts: (1) Requirements
of Snort-Distance Transport Systems; (2) Inventory;
(3) Assessment and Comparison; and (4) Conclusions.
Different groups of people have different requirements
with regard to short-distance transport systems. The
study examines the various requirements from the
points of view of passengers, town and traffic planning,
community/environment, and public transport opera-
tors. In each of the areas discussed, judgement criteria
can be defined for the various requirements. The in-
ventory is based on three elements: (1) brief system
descriptions; (2) description of existing transport sys-
tems and their future development; and (3) description
of new transport systems. Questionnaires for system
data have been developed and annexed to the section
containing the system descriptions. The section deal-
ing with the description of existing short-distance
transport systems and their future development covers
rapid transit railways, tramways, motor buses as well
as the system groups dual-mode and dial-a-bus; the
difference between the latter two bus systems and the
conventional bus consisting, in the first case, in an ad-
ditional technical component (track-guidance), in the
second case, in the operating concept (possibility of
ordering or calling a bus). The assessment and com-
parison of short-distance transport systems can be ef-
fected by means of formalised assessment methods
December 1983 757
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
or by verbal comparison. Section 1 of chapter 3 out-
lines the three assessment approaches: (1) cost-bene-
fit analysis; (2) cost-effectiveness analysis, and (3)
multi-attribute utility analysis. The chapter 'conclu-
sions' describes cost developments of transport sys-
tems.
Keywords: *Urban transportation, Requirements,
Comparison, Evaluation, Urban development, Urban
sociology, Air pollution, Benefit cost analysis, United
States, Great Britain, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy,
Netherlands, "Foreign technology, *lntermodal trans-
portation.
PB80-103005 PC A08/MF A01
Urban Travel Forecasting.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Jun 78,175pCCMS-87
NATO furnished.
More often than not, today's urban transportation plan-
ner is being asked to determine the consequences of
not making a certain transportation investment rather
than to determine what investments need to be made
to meet the otherwise unconstrained demand for
transport services. By simplifying and achieving a
degree of standardization in travel estimation proce-
dures, benefits could accrue to the user nations in the
form of time and cost savings as well as broadening
the spectrum of conditions under which the forecast-
ing procedure can be expected to operate. The first
benefit could result from the application of a less so-
phisticated, and therefore less costly, forecasting pro-
cedure. The latter benefit could result in a cross fertil-
ization of knowledge regarding the consequences of
various policy decisions. North American cities can be
characterized as relatively low in density, high in auto
ownership, and low to moderate in public transit
usage. European cities, on the other hand, are gener-
ally higher in density, lower in auto ownership, and
demonstrate a correspondingly higher transit usage.
Under these circumstances, the desirability of a gener-
alized simple and efficient forecasting procedure, suit-
able for application to a broad range of conditions has
become greatly heightened.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Travel demand,
'Forecasting, Travel, Problem solving, Services, Esti-
mates, Urban planning, 'Foreign technology, Owner-
ship, Traffic generation.
PB80-103146 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC,
Urban Goods Movement.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Jun78,59pCCMS-86
NATO furnished. Sponsored in part by Department of
Transportation, Washington, DC.
The following six topics have been studied: (1) Traffic
Problems (Fr.); (2) Technical Problems (Fr.); (3) Freight
Terminals (U.S.); (4) Regulation of Commercial Use,
and Planning (U.K.); (5) Demonstration of New
Projects (U.S.); and (6) Coordination of Study Methods
(U.K.). The first two topics concern the present situa-
tion: goods movement on urban roads is becoming in-
creasingly difficult, and creates congestion and nui-
sances; the second topic highlights certain technical
aspects of present delivery problems. The third and
fourth topics belong together, Topic 3 studying the fre-
quently recommended solution of local urban freight
consolidation terminals, whereas Topic 4 stresses cer-
tain commercial, social or town planning aspects
which are sometimes contradictory to the purely eco-
nomic aspect of terminal systems (and more particu-
larly to any 'rational' delivery system). Combining the
two topics helps explain why rationalization of expen-
sive operations is difficult to achieve. The last two
topics deal with the question in a more general
manner. Topic 5 summarizes alternatives for obtaining
substantial short, medium or long-term improvements
in urban goods movement. Topic 6 suggests means to
classify commodities and vehicles for purposes of
transportation planning, and suggests that the NATO
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
(CCMS) members seek to achieve greater commonal-
ity in classification schemes and commercial law and
regulation.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Cargo transporta-
tion, Traffic, Freight terminals, Parking facilities, Urban
areas, Central city, Regulations, Planning, Coordina-
tion, Tariffs, Fuel consumption, 'Foreign technology,
Transportation noise, Truck noise.
PB80-103153 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Toward Classification and Rationale for Water-
shed Management and Stream Protection. Final
rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
Charles E. Warren. Jun 79,149p EPA/600/3-79/059
Grant EPA-R-805423
Classification can be used for increased understand-
ing of systems and for improved relations of people
with their environments. This report offers a rationale
for developing such a classification system for water-
shed management. A hierarchical classification is de-
veloped that is based on the potentials and environ-
ments of systems, especially on the capacities of wa-
tersheds and streams to remain In desirable states
over relatively long times and to return to desirable
states over relatively short times. The suggested ap-
proach is to classify headwater streams by using
extant knowledge of biogeoclimatic regions, water-
shed environments, stream order, and the morphologi-
cal capacities of stream beds.
Keywords: 'Classifications, 'Watersheds, Manage-
ment, Concepts, Animal behavior, Environmental im-
pacts, Geomorphology, Climate, Aquatic biology,
Vegetation, Social welfare, Economic impact, Yield,
Habitats, Animal populations.
PB80-103211 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Environmental Monitoring of a Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant. Final rept. Oct 77-Mar 78,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. E. Johnson, D. E. Camann, H. J. Harding, and C. A.
Sorber. Aug 79,135p EPA/600/1-79/027
Grant EPA-R-805533
A wastevnater aerosol monitoring program was con-
ducted at an advanced wastewater treatment facility
using the activated sludge process. This plant was re-
cently constructed next to an elementary school in
Tigard, Oregon. Wastewater aerosols containing path-
ogenic organisms are generated by the aeration basin
(within 400 meters of the classroom area) and by an
aerated surge basin (within 50 meters of the school
playground). From a preliminary microbial screen of
the wastewater, predominant indicator and pathogenic
microorganisms were selected for routine wastewater
and aerosol monitoring. The geometric mean aerosol
concentrations at 30 to 50 meters downwind of the
aeration basin were 5.8 cfu/cu.m. of total conforms,
2.0 cfu/cu.m. of fecal streptococci, 9.1 cfu/cu.m. of
mycobacteria, 7 cfu/cu.m. of Pseudomonas, 0.7 pfu/
cu.m. of coliphage, and <0.0009 pfu/cu.m. of entero-
viruses. The inability to detect enteroviruses in air re-
sulted from their low concentration (relative to other
test organisms) in the wastewater and from their ad-
sorption onto and incorporation into the mixed liquor
suspended solids which are not easily aerosolized.
While it is a relatively insensitive measure, attendance
at the nearby school and eight control schools provid-
ed no evidence of adverse effects from wastewater
treatment plant operation. If any adverse effects had
occurred, it was slight enough to- be completely ob-
scured by the usual school absenteeism factors.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Waste water, Aero-
sols, Monitoring, Public health,
Concentration(Composltion), Viruses, Epidemiology,
Tigard(Oregon), 'Environmental monitoring, 'Water
pollution sampling, V
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Lakes, "Water pollution, Aquat-
ic microbiology, Distribution(Property),
Indexes(Ratios), Classifications, Tables(Data), Texas,
'Eutrophication, Species diversity, 'Trophic level.
PB80-103476 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Proceedings of the National Ground Water Quality
Symposium (4th) Held at Minneapolis, MN. on
September 20-22, 1978. Final rept. 6 Feb 78-5 Fee
79.
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
Aug 79, 179p EPA/600/9-79/029
Grant EPA-R-805747
The Fourth National Ground Water Quality Symposium
was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, September w
22, 1978. Some of the subject areas discussed were.
Hydrology; ground water research; standards; models,
water borne diseases; and land application.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, *Mff'"
ings, Hydrology, Standards, Mathematical models,
Disease vectors, Sludge disposal, Research projects.
National government, 'Artificial recharge, Land appli-
cation.
PB80-103492 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinna»,
OH.
Assessment of Environmental Impact of the »'"
era! Mining Industry. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. S. Greber, V. P. Patel, E. A. Pfetzing, R. S. Amick,
and R. O. Toftner. Jul 79, 289p* EPA/600/2-79/107
Contract EPA-68-03-2479
This report presents a multimedia (air, liquid and sow
wastes) environmental assessment of the domes"
mineral mining industry. The primary objective of «\
study was to identify the major pollution problems es
sociated with the industry. A secondary objective wa»
to define research and development needs for w
quate control of air pollutants and liquid and son
wastes connected with mineral mining, this study Pr"
vides the EPA with (1) an initial data base on the typ»
and quantity of wastes generated and the frefltnS .
and disposal techniques now applied for their com ru ,
(2) a data base for technical assistance activities; a £
(3) the necessary background information to irnpi
ment research and development programs, to • a ot-
ment effective pollution control techniques, and to
gaps in the data base.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Mining e
, Water pollution control, Pathogens. EPA/600/3-79/045
,
ing, Metalliferous mineral deposits, onme
mineral deposits, Surface mining, Undergrou"
mining, Environmental impacts, Air pollution, vva'
pollution, Solid wastes, Solid waste disposal,
tries, 'Mineral mining industry.
PB80-103500 PC A03/MF A<>1
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. 0«
Oxldant Air Pollution Impact to the Forests °
Eastern United States: A Literature Review, „
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., BlacksDui»'
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Physiology. „„.
John M. Skelly, and J. William Johnson. Apr 79, 39p
PB80-103401 PC A06/MF A01
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Scienc-
es.
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Texas Lakes,
Rept. for 15 Mar-20 Nov 74,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
and V. W. Lambou. Jun 79,121 p EPA/600/3-79/070
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton in the 38 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Texas.
This report presents a review of past studies that W^
attempted to delineate measurable and/or POS?I pf
Impacts of photochemical oxidants on the *°res,or8
Eastern United States. Sources of oxidant Prec4Lgna
and subsequent long distance transport Pnenolilaat-
are reviewed and documented. A brief historical »" L^
ment of eastern white pine responses to air pollu» ^
is followed by an up-to-date evaluations of currern
associated impacts.
pollu"on measurements and
tential threats to eastern forest tree species
viewed through a comparison of various fur
studies in laboratory and field situations. The c°^a
of hidden injury is discussed as being a possible"" '^
impact problem facing analysis of real losses. Tn®any
thors present evidence that would suggest that
forest tree species indigenous to the Eastern I
758 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
States may already be detrimentally impacted by previ-
ous high oxidant episodes. They further suggest that
2S" .more dras|ic and only long term reversible ef-
cn» • forest ecosystem will follow a trend of in-
,I??sir|g oxidant air pollution in many major forested
'egions of this area of the United States.
Bywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Forests, Eco-
g°t9ms,United States, Environmental impacts, Field
twin °20ne. Photochemistry, Sources, Nitrogen
wooes, Plants(Botany), Sensitivity, Organic nitrates,
ef£ IeS Region(United States), *Air pollution
°nects(Plants), Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
S!?0"103818 pc A19/MF A01
°nmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
s Ammonia Equilibrium - Tabulation of
Un-lonlied Ammonia. Extramural rept. 1
-1 Dec 75,
Lab Slate Univ" Bo2eman' Fisheries Bioassay
Kay- Thurston, Rosemarie C. Russo, and
Q,""e'n.Emerson. Aug 79, 437p* EPA/600/3-79/091
want EPA-R-8Q0861
•JS Percent of un-ionized ammonia as a function of pH
zerJ> i P.erature in aqueous ammonia solutions of
, ™° salinity is presented in tabular form over the fol-
of nnjl ranges: temperature 0.0 to 40.0 C in increments
O- 9-Se' and pH 5'°° to 12'°° in incremenls of
o-oipHurr
Ts£"'orc'8: "Ammonia, 'Chemical equilibrium, pH,
""Perature, Tables(Data), Numerical solution.
5JWH03534 PC A03/MF A01
Toni c, Core Microcosm - A Potential Screening
001 Cl"al rept. Jun 78-Jul 79,
Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
je, James C. Collins, and James W. Gillett.
'.50p EPA/600/3-79/089
p8rf/eP°rt presents the results of two experiments
«bilitu"T at CERL in a.n 8ffort to determine the suit-
"nder PICD ^ core microcosm as a screening tool
5x in "• The soil core microcosm consisted of a
enci«f^.so11 co™ removed intact from a field site and
«on« . ln Pvc- ln Experiment I, 0.25 Ib/ac applica-
?4?T >4C-labeled dieldrin, methyl parathion and
' ' "'. w«re examined, whereas 0.25,0.50 and 1.0 Ib/
plications of HCB were studied in Experiment II.
•inY* leachates were analyzed for NO3-1, PO4-1,
the rh= t2 and DOC as wal'as 14C' The majority of
Were in Sk™8 frorn both experiments found in the soil
lectori «e toP 2 cm- Extractable metabolites were de-
"1 aSL al1 but HCB- 2.4.5-T nad practically no effect
BlSr? nutrient losses. NO3-1 loss was impacted by
n and methyl parathion. PO4-3 was impacted by
'Parathion, 0.5 Ib/a HCB and 1.0 Ib/a HCB. NH3
ppacted by the two upper levels of HCB. Calcium
-wy L 8 a|tered by methyl parathion and dieldrin.
and 1 n .? ,s'0nificantly impacted by methyl parathion
WajL\° lb/a HCB. Treatment levels for all chemicals
^llen normal application rates and did not really
Hg»m"9a the system. It is possible to gain some as-
fate and chemical effect on a soil ecosystem, its
a metabolism with the soil core microcosms.
'•'.'Screenings, 'Soils, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicol-
irimental data, Metabolism, Nutrients, Cores,
dioxide, Insecticides, Cost effectiveness, Eco-
'• Metabolites, 'Toxic substances, 'Micro-
PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Transport Systems for Control of Heavy
..» ,.,. ,V. Baker, D. J. Kelly, J. C. Kleiber,
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Two years of data for daily total suspended paniculate,
sulfate, and respirable suspended paniculate concen-
trations measured at four stations in the New York City
area are statistically analyzed. To show the variability
of each pollutant data set, the mean, median, and 16th
and 84th percentile values of concentration of each
pollutant are summarized. To demonstrate the spatial
representativeness of the concentrations of individual
pollutants, the daily (24-hour) concentrations at pairs
of stations were compared and correlation coefficients
determined. Results indicated that sulfate concentra-
tions varied on an area-wide basis while the concen-
tration of respirable suspended particulates at the four
stations appeared to depend on local conditions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Sulfates,
Relations(Mathematics), Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Sampling, Tables(Data), New York, *New York
City(New York), *Air quality data, *Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB80-103625 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MM.
Verification Analysis of Lake Ontario and Roches-
ter Embayment Three Dimensional Eutrophlcatlon
Models. Final rept.,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
Robert V. Thomann, Richard P. Winfield, and John J.
Segna. Aug 79,152p EPA/600/3-79/094
Grant EPA-R-803680030
See also report dated Oct 74, PB-241 046.
A three dimensional time variable model of the phyto-
plankton and nutrients of Lake Ontario and the Roch-
ester Embayment is examined in detail. The data from
the International Field Year on the Great Lakes
(IFYGL) are used as the primary data base. The data
are summarized and statistically analyzed on a three
dimensional grid and segment averages using a 67
segment representation of the lake and a 72 segment
representation of Rochester Embayment, are calculat-
ed. In addition, averages for eight regions of the lake
and lakewlde averages for two depth layers are com-
puted.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Ontario,
Mathematical models, Regression analysis, Tempera-
ture, Chlorophylls, Plankton, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Silicon dioxide, Simulation, Circulation, Depth, Volume,
Dlstrlbution(Property), Periodic variations, Great
Lakes, Eutrophlcatlon.
PB80-103633 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Spatial and Seasonal Structure of Rotifer Commu-
nities In Lake Huron. Final rept,
Michigan Univ., Pellston. Biological Station.
Richard S. Stemberger, John E. Gannon, and F.
James Brlcker. Aug 79,180p EPA/600/3-79/085
Grant EPA-H-803086, Grant EPA-R-803037
This report presents comprehensive data on species
composition and distribution of planktonic rotifers in
Saginaw Bay and southern Lake Huron from April to
November, 1974. Rotifer species composition and
abundance differed greatly between Saginaw Bay and
open Lake Huron waters. Through cluster analyses,
these differences were empirically related to the phys-
icochemical environment. The results of these analy-
ses suggest that rotifers are valuable organisms in
water quality assessment studies. Several species
which displayed distribution limited to eutrophic Sagi-
naw Bay stations or to qligotrophic offshore Lake
Huron stations were potentially useful as environmen-
tal indicators. Based on rotifer data, the greatest
impact of Saginaw Bay waters on Lake Huron oc-
curred along the western shore of southern Lake
Huron below the mouth of the bay.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Water pollution, 'Saginaw Bay,
'Lake Huron, Ecology, Abundance, Indicator species,
Distribution(Property), Seasonal variations, Cluster
sampling, Temperature, Chlorophylls, Tables(Data),
Michigan, 'Rotifers.
PB80-103658 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatment of Secondary Effluent by Infiltration-
Percolation. Final rept. Aug 75-Sep 78,
Colorado Univ., Boulder.
D. G. Smith, K. D. Linstedt, and E. R. Bennett. Aug 79,
116p EPA/600/2-79/174
Grant EPA-R-803931
Prepared in cooperation with City of Boulder, CO.
Treatment performance of three rapid infiltration
basins receiving secondary treated municipal
wastewater is evaluated at the City of Boulder, Colora-
do, Sewage Treatment Plant. The prime objectives of
the project are evaluation of the pretreatment provid-
ed, the hydraulic load to the soil, duration of wetting
and drying cycles, and climatic influences on system
performance. Two of the basins have unscarified beds
while one has a bed surface constructed in a ridge and
furrow arrangement. Year-round operation allowed
evaluation of applied effluent and infiltrated water col-
lected from underdrains during extreme climatic condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Fluid infiltration, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Urban areas, 'Lagoons(Ponds), Perform-
ance evaluation, Underground drains, Hydraulics, Per-
colation, Nitrogen, Inorganic salts, Coliform bacteria,
Metals, Concentration(Composition), Profiles,
Tables(Data), Colorado, Monitoring, Periodic vari-
ations, 'Land application, Organic loading, Heavy
metals, Boulder(Colorado).
PB80-103963 PC A05/MF A01
Recent Developments In Urban Transportation.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Jun 78, 79p CCMS-82
NATO furnished.
This is a followup report that Incorporates a summary
of developments in American cities during 1975-1977
and developments In the participating countries since
the initial reports were Issued. The following topics are
discussed: Urban travel forecasting; Demand systems
(Dial-a-ride) evaluation; Bus priority systems; Urban
goods movements; and Short distance transport tech-
niques.
Keywords; 'Urban transportation, Travel demand,
Forecasting, Decision making, Services,
Buses(Vehlcles), Cargo transportation, Urban areas,
Transportation management, 'Foreign technology,
Dial a ride systems, Bus priority systems, Traffic lanes.
PB80-103997 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas. NV.
Toxic Trace Metals In Mammalian Hair and Nails,
National Inst. of Scientific Research, Rancho Santa
Fe.CA.
Dale W. Jenkins. Aug 79,195p EPA/600/4-79/049
Contract EPA-68-03-0443
Data have been compiled from the available world lit-
erature on the accumulation and bloconcentration of
selected toxic trace metals in human hair and nails and
other mammalian hair, fur, nails, claws, and hoofs. The
toxic trace metals and metalloids include antimony, ar-
senic, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper,
lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium.
These have been tabulated by toxic metal, geographic
area, subjects, sex, age, exposure gradient, analyses
in ppm, and authority, from over 400 references. This
compilation should provide background baseline refer-
ence information to help evaluate the usefulness of tis-
sues for biological monitoring, and to help in the estab-
lishment of national or worldwide biological monitoring
systems and networks. The various uses of hair for bi-
ological monitoring are reviewed for correlating with
environmental exposure gradients, diseases associat-
ed with excesses and deficiencies, geographic distri-
bution, and historic trends. The advantages and disad-
vantages of using hair for biological monitoring are dis-
cussed. It appears to be that if hair and nail samples
are collected, cleaned, and analyzed properly with the
best analytical methods under controlled conditions by
experienced personnel, the data are valid. Human hair
and nails have been found to be meaningful and repre-
sentative tissues for biological monitoring for most of
these toxic metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Hair, 'Nails(Anatomy), 'Trace
elements, 'Toxicology, Humans,
Concentration(Composition), Age, Sex, Metalloids, Ac-
cidents, Exposure, Diseases, Distribution, Trends,
Chemical analysis, 'Toxic substances, Bioaccumula-
tion, 'Heavy metals, Forensic medicine.
PB80- 1 04078 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, Of.
Region VIII. ....
National Register Evaluation of Village =»•
39BK7, Oakwood Lakes State Park, Brooking*
County, Eastern South Dakota. Final rept.,
Archeological Services, Laramie, WY.
John W. Greer. May 79, 59p EPA/908/3-79/003
In October 1978 Archeological Services performed a
National Register evaluation of site 39BK7 in BroOK-
ings County, South Dakota. This was done for t"8^
vironmental Protection Agency in their Oakwoou
Lakes Bank Stabilization Project, which will affect a
small portion of the archeological village. The site is
believed to be significant and eligible for the National
Register. Minimal exploratory archeological worK »
recommended in the direct impact zone before con"
struction begins; other areas of the site should OB
avoided.
Keywords: 'Archaeology, Investigations, Site surveys.
Oakwood Lakes, Bank protection(Waterways), Sow
Dakota, Brookings County(South Dakota).
PB80-104110 PCA03/MFA01
The Maximum Likelihood Approach to Probabilis-
tic Modeling of Air Quality Data. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Researci'
Triangle Park, NC.
Terence Fitz-Simons, and David M. Holland. Jul 79,
43p EPA/600/4-79/044
Software using maximum likelihood estimation to fits]*
probabilistic models Is discussed. The software is de-
signed as a tool for the air pollution researcher to de-
termine what assumptions are valid in the statistical
analysis of air pollution data for the purpose of atano-
ard setting, roll-back calculations, estimation of maw
mum concentrations, threshold approximations, anu
handling missing observations. The program fits user »
data to the normal distribution, the 3-parameter logno'
mal distribution, the 3-parameter Welbull distribution,
the 3-parameter gamma distribution, the Johnson SOT
distribution (a 4-parameter lognormal distribution)! "r
the 4-parameter beta distribution. The parameters «r»
estimated using standard closed solutions to maxirnB
ing equations, and a golden section search for all otn«'
parameters. Graphical output contains a histogram o'
the data superimposed by the fitted density for _eacn
model. Six goodness-of-flt criteria are supplied an"
ranked by the program to aid in the selection oft"!
most appropriate choice among the six models. The*'
criteria are absolute deviations, weighted absolute oe
viations, Kolmogorov-Smlrnov statistic, Cramer-yon
Mlses-Smlrnov statistic, the log-likelihood function,
and the observed significance level of the Chl-squajf
goodness-of-fit test. The results of applying the P'°
gram to several subsets of the Los Angeles Cataiy8'
Study data base are presented.
Keywords: 'Statistical analysis, Air pollution, WeibuJ1
density functions, Gamma function, Statistical teswi
Chi square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Norm*
density functions, Computer programming, MathemaB
cal models, Subroutines, MAXFTT computer prog/wj;;
Gamma density functions, Lognormal density W"0
tions, Maximum likelihood estimation.
PB80-104656 PC A06/MF AO1
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i "
angle Park, NC. _
Pollutants from Synthetic Fuels Production: Sam-
pling and Analysis Methods for Coal Gasification'
Final rept. Aug 78-Jul 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, Nv-
S. K. Gangwal, P. M. Grohse, D. E. Wagoner, D. J. .
Minick, and C. M. Sparacino. Aug 79, 102p EPA/600/
7-79/201
Grant EPA-R-804979
See also PB-287 730.
The report describes sampling and analysis
involving a laboratory-scale coal gasification la°"!Y
used to study the generation, sampling, chemical an*
ysis, process evaluation, and environmental asses8
ment of pollutants from coal gasification. It descrioe.
methods for particulates, organic condensibles, an"
vapors or gases in the raw product stream of the 8
er as well as for solid residues. It describes gas
matography (GC) procedures for measurin
gases, CI-C5 hydrocarbons, sulfur gases, and
aromatics. Atomic adsorption (AA) procedures
760 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pleasuring toxic trace elements include those for ar-
jwntc, selenium,-lead, cadmium, chromium, and mer-
cury, volatile organics are collected from the gas
weam using polymeric sorbents (Tenax GC and XAD-
J-f. and analyzed by glass capillary GC/mass spec-
Jfometry (MS). The major nonvolatile byproduct (tar) is
tjfeiractionated by solvent partitioning into acid, base,
Ula n/v?ra' e of contents of the document is as follows: Cultur-
8turi™?|Jrcs8 baseline (Previous cultural resources
Roo ' Compliance with present Federal requirements,
^"search design, Third party EIS survey methodolo-
ProhiV ural resources impact (Historical period sites,
'wiistoric sites, Mitigating measures). This report is
™" of the Draft-EIS for the proposed issuance of a
source national pollutant discharge elimination
Pem* to the ^stech General Chemicals Cor-
•OrSortis: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
uffifn pit mining, 'Phosphate deposits, Ground water,
tion, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal, Ar-
Site surveys, Florida, Estech General
Corporation, Manatee County(Florida),
ine, EPA region 4, Pollution abatement.
PC A04/MF A01
SeES?"8"1 of Energy, Washington, DC. Assistant
jj°«etary for Conservation and Solar Applications.
.•wnai solar Heating and Cooling Programs.
on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
lgium).
f879,64pCCMS-109
wact DE-AC01 -79CS301 08
urnished. Presented at the International Solar
Congress Held at Atlanta, GA. on May
197,
the Challenges of Modern Society
Solar Energy Pilot Study was established in
a collaborative effort to encourage the cost-
and practical application of solar energy to
and cooling in residential, commercial, indus-
ricultural and public buildings. The Solar Energy
tudy ended in October of 1978, and like all
Pilot studies, it entered a two-year follow up
cna" Participants recommended a continued ex-
goaJSf °" information on national programs, and sug-
flillv ",at tnat tne International Solar Energy Society
nuail a"°w a special session on this topic at its bian-
tr£» ^""fl. in MaV of 1979- Seventeen CCMS coun-
ij£e8ented 8tatus reports on their national solar
Bnd Coolln9 programs at two sessions of the
: "Solar energy, 'Research projects, Austra-
. m' Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,
1, l8rael- lta|y. Jamaica, Monaco, The Nether-
8* Zealand, Sweden, Spain, United Kingdom,
Soli, 5tate», Foreign countries, "Foreign technology,
'" apace heating, Solar air conditioning, Listings.
PB80-104995 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Exhaust Collection Configuration on
Diesel Paniculate Measurement. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas Penninga. May 79,12p 79-8, TAEB-79-8
On February 1, 1979, the EPA published proposed
rules regulating participate emissions for light-duty
diesel vehicles. Questions both internal and external to
EPA concerning the practicality and necessity for
these requirements resulted in the initiation of a testing
program. The test data was run according to the pro-
posed Federal Register requirements for both FTP and
HFET cycles. The two test vehicles were a 1975 Mer-
cedes Benz 3000 and a 1979 Oldsmobile 350 CID
Diesel. Five different configurations of exhaust collec-
tion hardware were tested. The two vehicles were
tested twice in each configuration. Previous testing
programs had established a baseline paniculate emis-
sion number for each vehicle. All of the individual FTP
and HFET tests results are tabulated. The average
FTP and HFET results for each configuration were cal-
culated and compared to both the baseline data aver-
age, if available, and to the average result of this study.
No baseline HFET data was available. In conclusion,
there appears to be direct correlation between collec-
tion configurations and mass participate emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Particles, Diesel engines,
Exhaust emissions, Regulations, National government,
Tests, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Air pollution abatement,
Baseline measurements.
PB80-105117 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Adsorption of Energy-Related Organic Pollutants:
A Literature Review. Final rept. Jul 77-Apr 78,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
K. A. Reinbold, J. J. Hassett, J. C. Means, and W. L.
Banwart. Aug 79,180p* EPA/600/3-79/086
Contract EPA-68-03-2555
This report is a literature review on sorption properties
of sediments and energy-related organic pollutants.
Adsorption of organic compounds in general is dis-
cussed, and analytical methodology in soil thin-layer
chromatography and chemical analysis as applicable
to measurement of sorption properties is summarized.
The literature on the adsorption of energy-related or-
ganic pollutants is reviewed. Reported constants for
the adsorption of organic compounds on several ad-
sorbents are tabulated, and factors that influence ad-
sorption are discussed.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Adsorption,
'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Fossil fuels, Thin layer chromatography, Coal
gasification, Water pollution, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Separation, Trace elements, Solvent extraction.
PB80-105166 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatment of Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Wastewater for Reuse. Final rept. Apr-Dec 76,
Union Carbide Corp., South Charleston, WV. Chemi-
cals and Plastics.
Michael Scherm, Patrick M. Thomasson, Lester C.
Boone, and Lawrence S. Magelssen. Aug 79,173p
EPA/600/2-79/184
Grant EPA-S-801398
This research demonstrated the quality of water pro-
duced by each step of a state-of-the-art, commercially
available process sequence and determined the feasi-
bility and economics of renovating organic chemical
watewater for reuse as boiler feedwater or cycle cool-
ing water. The 5-gpm pilot facility, located in Puerto
Rico in the organic chemical manufacturing plant of
Union Carbide Caribe Inc., consisted of sedimenta-
tion/filtration, carbon adsorption, pressure filtration,
reverse osmosis, and ion-exchange. A pilot-scale
boiler tested the product water as boiler feedwater at
pressures, temperatures, and heat fluxes typical of full-
scale manufacturing facilities. A pilot-scale cooling
tower and heat exchangers determined feasibility as
cycle cooling water makeup and chemical treatment
requirements for makeup waters of varying quality
from different points in the treatment sequence. The
pilot boiler operated successfully at 180,000 BTU/sq
fl-hr, 1500 psig, and 750 F superheat temperature with
renovated wastewater. The cooling water test-loop
studies indicated that special metallurgy would be re-
quired for the use of this renovated wastewater for
cooling water. The total annualized cost of wastewater
renovation to boiler feedwater quality at 67 percent
water recovery, not including the cost of sludge or
brine disposal, was $7.50/1000 gallons of product
water in 1978.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Chemical indus-
try, 'Organic compounds, Feasibility, Boilers, Sedi-
mentation, Filtration, Adsorption, Activated carbon
treatment, Cost analysis, Recirculation, Ion exchang-
ers, Operating costs, Osmosis, 'Waste water reuse,
'Water quality, Reverse osmosis, State of the art.
PB80-105554 PC A04/MF A01
Biochemical Changes In Humans Upon Exposure
to Ozone and Exercise,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Div.
Suzanne Chaney, Paulette DeWitt, Wendy Blomquist,
Keith Muller, and Robert Bruce. Aug 79,53p EPA/
600/1-79/026
A total of 44 human subjects were exposed to 784 mi-
crograms/cu.m.(0.4 ppm) ozone and 30 human sub-
jects were exposed to air as controls. A four hour ex-
posure was given on each of five consecutive days.
Half of each group received a higher level of treadmill
exercise than the other half. Nine biochemical blood
parameters were measured pre and post exposure:
red blood cell glutathione reductase, vitamin E, red
blood cell cholinesterase, red blood cell glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic acid denydrogen-
ase, complement C3, and IgM. Of these variables only
vitamin E, red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehy-
drogenase, and complement C3 showed significant
changes due to treatment.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Exercise(Physiology), 'Toxicol-
ogy, Tocopherol, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Humans, Blood chemical
analysis. Air pollution, Erythrocytes, Cholinesterase,
Physiological effects, Environmental health, "Toxic
substances, 'Air pollution etfects(Humans), Glutathi-
one reductase, Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase,
Lactate dehydrogenase, IgM, Complement C3.
PB80-105562 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process Op-
tions. Volume XX: Toxlcs/Organlcs. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Aug 79,99p EPA/600/7-79/162
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 1, PB-262 977.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. undertook a study of the 'Environ-
mental Considerations of Selected Energy-Conserving
Manufacturing Process Options.1 Some 80 industrial
process options were examined in13 industrial sec-
tors. Results were published in 15 volumes, including a
summary, industry_prioritization report, and 13 industry
oriented reports. The present report summarizes the
information regarding toxic/organic pollutants in the
13 industry reports. Specifically, the report relates to
the following: Processes and potential toxic/organic
discharges-pases of calculations, iron and steel, pe-
troleum refining, pulp and paper, olefins, ammonia,
alumina/aluminum, textile, cement, glass, chlor-alkali,
phosphorus/phosphoric acid, primary copper, and fer-
tilizer).
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Industrial wastes, Air pollution control, Water
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Combustion
products, Iron and steel industry, Petroleum industry,
Paper industry, Chemical industry, Aluminum industry,
Aluminum oxide, Textile industry, Metal industry, Glass
industry, Phosphorus, Cements, Technology, Fertiliz-
ers, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Fugitive
emissions.
PB80-105663
PC A18/MF A01
Proceedings of the Stormwster Management
Model (SWMM) Users Group Meeting 24-25 May
1979. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Harry C. Torno. Jun 79,420p EPA/600/9-79/026
See also report dated Nov 78, PB-290 742.
December 1983 761
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report includes fourteen papers, on various
model-related topics. Presented at the semi-annual
joint U.S.-Canadian Stormwater Management Model
(SWMM) Users Group Meeting, held May 24-25,1979,
in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Topics covered includ-
ed applications of the SWMM to urban and rural catch-
ments, the selection of design rainfall events for model
use, a description of the Montreal Urban Community's
wastewater interception program, several applications
of other models in facility planning and design, devel-
opment of a mini-computer version of the ILLUDAS
model, and development of an urban/rural subcatch-
ment hydrologic simulation model (SUBHYD).
Keywords: "Runoff, "Combined sewers, 'Mathemati-
cal models, *Water pollution abatement, "Meetings,
Rainfall, Watersheds, Storms, Urban areas, Overflows,
Reservoirs, Catch basins, Water storage, Water qual-
ity, Hydrology, Storm water runoff. Urban hydrology, IL-
LUDAS model, SWMM model.
PB80-105828 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Definitive SOx Control Process Evaluations: Lime-
stone, Double Alkali, and Citrate FGD Processes.
Rept. on Phase 1, Jan 78-Mar 79,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
S. V. Tomlinson, F. M. Kennedy, F. A. Sudhoff, and R.
L. Torstrick. Aug 79,263p ECDP/B-4, EPA/600/7-79/
177
The report gives results of a detailed comparative
technical and economic evaluation of limestone slurry,
generic double alkali, and citrate flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) processes, assuming proven technology
and using representative power plant, process design,
and economic premises. For each process, economic
projections were made for a base case (500 MW,
3.5% sulfur coal, new unit) and case variations in
power unit size, fuel type, sulfur in fuel, new and exist-
ing power units, waste slurry ponding and filter cake
trucking, and SO2 removal (1.2 Ib SO2 allowable emis-
sion per million Btu heat input vs 90%). Depending on
unit size and status, fuel type and sulfur content, solids
disposal method, and overall project scope, ranges in
estimated capital costs in 1979 dollars are $71 to
$127/kW for limestone slurry, $80 to $130/kW for ge-
neric double alkali, and $105 to 3194/kW for citrate
(recovery process). Results can be scaled or altered to
reflect other site-specific conditions. Capital invest-
ment, annual revenue requirements (7000 hr/yr), and
lifetime revenue requirements over a 30-year declining
operating profile were estimated for the base case and
each variation. Investment costs were projected to
mid-1979; annual revenue requirements were calculat-
ed in projected mid-1980 dollars. Effects of variations
in various cost parameters were studied.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur
oxides, 'Electric power plants, 'Scrubbers, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Lime-
stone, Slurries, Citrates, Economic analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Design, Performance
evaluation, Solid waste disposal, Comparison, Lime-
stone scrubbing, Dual alkali scrubbing, Citrate proc-
PB80-106040 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process Op-
tions. Volume XVII. Nitrogen Oxides Summary
Report. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jul 79, 90p EPA/600/7-79/142
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 1, PB-262 977.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. undertook a study of the 'Environ-
mental Consideration of Selected Energy-Conserving
Manufacturing Process Options.' Some 80 industrial
process options were examined in 13 industrial sec-
tors. Results were published in 15 volumes, including a
summary, industry prioritization report, and 13 industry
oriented reports. The present report summarizes the
information regarding nitrogen oxide pollutants in. the
13 industry reports. Topics considered include the fol-
lowing: Processes and potential nitrogen oxide emis-
sions-pases of calculations, NOx control methods,
petroleum refining industry, cement industry, olefins in-
dustry, alumina and aluminum industry, glass industry,
copper industry, fertilizer industry, ammonia, iron and
steel, phosphorus/phosphoric acid, textile industry,
pulp and paper industry, and chlor-alkali industry).
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Aluminum industry, Aluminum oxide,
Cements, Metal industry, Copper, Fertilizers, Phospho-
rus, Iron and steel industry, Textile industry, Paper in-
dustry, Glass industry, Chemical industry, Alkene hy-
drocarbons, Petroleum industry, Boilers, Electric
power plants, Combustion products, Technology, Re-
visions, Substitutes, Emission factors, Copper industry.
PB80-106057 PC A03/MF A01
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Ouette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Transportation
Research Document. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 79, 30p EPA/904/9-79/044E
Prepared by Civil Engineering Consultants, Inc., Pal-
metto, FL.
A transportation resource and road survey was con-
ducted for the Duette Mine tract. A baseline, impact,
and mitigating measures study was performed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, 'Phosphate deposits, Ground water,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Transportation, Roads, Ports, Railroads, Florida,
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Manatee
County(Florida), Duette Mine, EPA region 4, Pollution
abatement, Interstate highway 75.
PB80-106081 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Prob-
lems and Practices In the Inorganic Chemicals In-
dustry.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Oct 79,164p* EPA/530/SW-180C
Contract EPA-68-03-2604
This report examines the solid wastes generated by
the inorganic chemicals industry relative to the impact
of Section 4004 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act. The report provides (1) a data base on the
type and quantity and disposal techniques now applied
for the control of inorganic chemicals; (2) the back-
ground information needed to develop a long-term
strategy for Federal policies concerning solid wastes
from the inorganic chemicals industry; (3) information
concerning the costs to industry of meeting RCRA re-
quirements, specifically Section 4004.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, "Inorganic com-
pounds, Solid waste disposal, Technology, Regula-
tions, Cost analysis, Sources, Substitutes, Materials
recovery, Manufacturing, Process charting, Design,
Performance evaluation, 'Solid wastes.
PB80-106099 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process Op-
tions. Volume XVI. Sulfur Oxides Summary
Report. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Aug 79, 111p' EPA/600/7-79/141
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 18, PB80-106107.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. undertook a study of the 'Environ-
mental Considerations of Selected Energy-Conserving
Manufacturing Process Options'. Some 80 industrial
process options were examined in 13 industrial sec-
tors. Results were published in 15 volumes, including a
summary, industry prioritization report, and 13 industry
oriented reports. This present report summarizes the
information regarding particulates in the 13 Industry re-
ports. Four parallel reports treat sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, solid residues, and toxics/organics. All of
these pollutant-oriented reports are intended to be
closely used with the original 15 reports.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Sulfur oxides, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Forecasting,
Refineries, Petroleum products, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Cements, Alkene hydrocarbons, Ammonia,
Aluminum oxides, Aluminum, Metal industry, Chemical
industry, Textile industry, Fertilizers, Phosphoric acid,
Paper industry, Glass industry, Copper, Iron and steel
industry, Phosphorus, "Energy conservation.
PB80-106107 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnflti,
OH. .
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process op-
tions. Volume XVIII. Particulates Summary Report.
Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, MA.
Aug 79,111p* EPA/600/7-79/145
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 16, PB80-106099, Volume 19, PB80-
106115, and PB-262 977.
Results are published in 15 volumes, including a sum-
mary, industry prioritization report, and 13 industry ori-
ented reports. This present report summarizes the in-
formation regarding particulates in the 13 industry re-
ports. Four parallel reports treat sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, solid residues, and toxics/organics. All Of
these pollutant oriented reports are intended to be
closely used with the original 15 reports.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Particles, Air pol-
lution, Industrial wastes, Iron and steel industry, Com-
bustion products, Refineries, Petroleum products, Am-
monia, Copper, Phosphoric acid, Phosphorus, Glass
industry, Paper industry, Alkene hydrocarbons, Alumi-
num oxides, Aluminum, Cements, Water pollution, Fer-
tilizers, Textile industry, Chemical industry, Metal in-
dustry, Solid waste disposal, "Energy conservation.
PB80-106115 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. .
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process Op-
tions. Volume XIX. Solid Residues Summary
Report. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.Y Inc.. Cambridge, MA.
Aug 79,107p* EPA/600/7-79/161
Contract EPA-68-03-2198
See also Volume 18, PB80-106107.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. undertook a study of the 'Environ-
mental Considerations of Selected Energy-Cqnservinfl
Manufacturing Process Options'. Some 80 industrial
process options were examined in 13 industrial sec-
tors. Results were published in 15 volumes, including a
summary, industry prioritization report, and 13 industry
oriented reports. This present report summarizes trw
information regarding sulfur oxide pollutants in the 1J
industry reports. Four parallel reports treat nitrogen
oxides, particulates, solid residues, and toxics/organ-
ics. All of these pollutant-oriented reports are intended
to be closely used with the original 15 reports.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Residues, Solid
waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Combustion products, Phosphorus, Glass in-
dustry, Cements, Aluminum, Aluminum oxides, Iron
and steel industry, Refineries, Paper industry, Alkene
hydrocarbons, Ammonia, Phosphoric acid, CopPer
Fertilizers, * Energy conservation.
PB80-106271 PC AOS/MF Ajl
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duett*
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Noise Resource
Document. Draft environmental impact statement..
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Regi°n
IV.
Oct 79,76p EPA/904/9-79/044D
Prepared fay Conservation Consultants, Inc., Palmetto
A baseline noise monitoring study was conducted of
November 1, 2, and 15, 1978, to determine existing
sound levels in areas susceptible to noise impact du0
to the proposed Duette Mining Operation. The Prj£
posed mine site and surrounding areas are generally
undeveloped lands with few existing noise receptor*
Measurements were performed at seven recepw'
sites adjacent to, or enclosed within, the propose?
mine site. Measured levels were then compared wl"1
applicable federal standards and guidelines.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draff"
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposit*
762 Vol. 83. No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
), Ground water, Water pollution, Air pol-
, olid waste disposal, Measurement, Noise re-
auction, Site surveys, Florida, Estech General Chemi-
cals Corporation, Manatee County(Florida), Duette
""me, EPA region 4, Pollution abatement, Noise pollu-
»on, Noise measurement.
PC A04/MF A01
WOdegradatlon and Treatablllty of Specific Pollut-
™™»- Final rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
H. Wastewater Research Div.
.
F. Barth, and Robert L Bunch. Oct 79, 69p
EPA/600/9-79/034
aw rePort discusses fundamental and technical con-
Br?Hrati?ns re|ating t° laboratory studies of the fate
"no effects of organics and metals in biological
hB°I8water treatment processes. The relationships
"jjween analytical control tests and biodegradation
at. meJhoc's are discussed. Various laboratory appar-
tinn koth continuous flow and static biodegrada-
"on methods are described. Both aerobic and anaero-
o'ctest results are included in the report.
Bywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic com-
rnsnt * *Mbb, D. M. Hayward, J. M. Baker, and B. Murray.
350p CRC-PUB-67-VOL-2, EPA/903/9-79/
1-806189-01
See also Volume 1, PB80-106909, and Volume 3,
PB80-106925. Also pub. as Virginia Inst. of Marine Sci-
ence, Gloucester Point, rept. no. VIMS-SSR-94.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E14, PB80-
106891.
'An Annotated Bibliography' is Volume II of a three
volume set containing material related to Nutrient En-
richment of Estuaries. Materials included in this
Volume were collected from articles in scientific jour-
nals, chapters in books, and other similar writings.
They were collected by a variety of methods, including
the use of DIAL 06 Information Retrieval Service,
manual research of various abstracting publications
and the science citation index.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Biological productivity, 'Water
pollution, 'Bibliographies, Indexes(Documentation),
Nutrients, Biomass, Phytoplankton, Invertebrates,
Water quality, Indicator species, Marshes, Salt water,
Nitrogen, Growth, Phosphorus, pH, Carbohydrates,
Algae, Eutrophication, Bioindicators, Listings.
PB80-106925 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Estuarlne Response to Nutrient Enrichment. A
Counterpart of Eutrophlcatlon. Volume III. An An-
notated Bibliography: Index. Interim rept.,
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis,
MD.
K. L. Webb, D. M. Hayward, J. M. Baker, and B. Murray.
May 79,274p CRC-PUB-67-VOL-3, EPA/903/9-79/
008B
Grant EPA-R-806189-01
See also Volume 2, PB80-106917. Also pub. as Virgin-
ia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, rept. no.
VIMS-SSR-94-VOL-3.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E14, PB80-
106891.
'An Annotated Bibliography Index' is Volume III of a
three volume set. It accompanies both (a) 'A Bibliogra-
phy Volume I' and (2) 'An Annotated Bibliography
volume II'. The Index is one of the components of the
'Estuarine Response to Nutrient Enrichment, a Coun-
terpart of Eutrophication' set. This Index organizes the
compilation of literature related to the results of nutri-
ent enrichment of estuaries.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Biological productivity, 'Water
pollution, 'Bibliographies, Indexes(Documentation),
Nutrients, Biomass, Phytoplankton, Invertebrates,
Water quality, Indicator species, Marshes, Salt water,
Nitrogen, Growth, Phosphorus, pH, Carbohydrates,
Algae, Eutrophication, Bioindicators, Listings.
PB80-106933 PC A99/MF A01
Regulatory Analysis Supporting the General Pro-
visions for Product Noise Labeling. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aug79,639p* EPA/550/9-79/255
The document presents information used by EPA in
developing the General Provisions for Product Noise
Labeling including: a review of other Federal labeling
programs; the major issues involved in formulating a
general approach to product noise labeling; the ap-
proach to the design graphics; potential technical
problems associated with the development of specific
noise rating schemes; the Agency's response to com-
ments, and resolution of issues raised during the public
comment period; an analysis of the public comment to
understand the public perception ot product noise la-
beling; and the participation of the public throughout
the development of the regulation.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Nolse(Sound), Economics,
Law Inforcement, Sound pressure, Ratings, Labels,
Marking, Consumer affairs, Information, Require-
ments, 'Consumer products, 'Product labeling, Con-
sumer protection.
PB80-107030 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Model for Measuring the Health Impact from
Changing Levels of Ambient Air Pollution: Morbid-
ity Study,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
Tsukasa Namekata, Bertram W. Carnow, Zanet
Flournoy-Gill, Eileen B. O'Farrell, and Domenic Reda.
Aug 79, 74p EPA/600/1-79/024
Contract EPA-68-02-2492
The study quantitatively examines the relationship be-
tween human health and ambient air concentrations of
the major pollutants in the city of Chicago. This report
describes the morbidity analysis in which linear regres-
sion models have been developed to quantitatively es-
timate the degree of the air pollution contribution to
emergency room visits for cardiac and respiratory dis-
eases in two major hospitals in the city of Chicago.
Based on the significant associations between the pol-
lutants and the disease groups, holding cllmatological
and days-of-week variables constant, the variation due
to the pollutant is estimated. According to the results,
sulfur dioxide based on patient exposure levels can ac-
count for about 13% of the variation of emergency
room visits for acute bronchial and lower respiratory In-
fections and about 22% for total cardiac diagnoses.
Nitric oxide based on measurements from the closest
site to the hospitals can account for about 7% of the
variation of visits for total respiratory diagnoses, 6%
for allergic conditions and upper respiratory infections,
4% for total cardiac diagnoses and 4% for hyperten-
sion and vascular heart diseases. Total suspended
participate, carbon monoxide and ozone do not show
significant associations with any disease groups.
Keywords: 'Morbidity, 'Toxicology, Environments, Illi-
nois, Concentration(Composition), Physiological ef-
fects, Relationships, Cardiovascular diseases, Respi-
ratory diseases, Sulfur dioxide, Humans, Models, Re-
gression analysis, Statistical analysis, Nitric oxide, Air
pollution, Environmental health, 'Chicago(lllinois),
'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Hospital visits.
PB80-107055 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Methodology and Prototype to
Measure Atmospheric Sulf uric Acid. Final rept. Sep
76-Nov 78,
Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, VA.
R. E. Snyder, M. E. Tonkin, and A. M. McKissick. Aug
79,172p EPA/600/2-79/168
Contract EPA-68-02-2467
See also report dated Jan 77, PB-265 395.
A method was developed to selectively assay ambient
sulfuric acid aerosol. The method uses the vapor of a
volatile amine (or amine derivative) to neutralize the
acid as it is collected on a Teflon filter. The amine sul-
fate thus formed is thermally decomposed at 200 de-
grees C to release sulfur dioxide, or other stoichiome-
trically related sulfur containing adducts, which are
measured by a flame photometric detector. Immediate
chemical fixation of the acid lessens the chance of
side reactions with other substances on the filter, while
the relatively low decomposition temperature aids in
eliminating other sulfur-containing particles. Sulfur di-
oxide is also collected as a reagent complex on the
filter, but is selectively removed by heating at 100 de-
grees C.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Aerosols, Chemical analy-
sis, Air pollution, Measurement, Sulfur dioxide, Flame
photometry, Air filters, Tetrafluoroethylene resins,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-107899 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of an Active Oil Field
In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, 1977-1978.
Volume III: Chemical and Physical Investigations.
Annual rept. 1977-78,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
William B. Jackson. Sep 79,722p NOAA-79092004
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report contains detailed scientific and technical
information on the results of chemical and physical in-
vestigations of the operating Buccaneer Oil Field off
Galveston, Texas. The tasks of the various work units
are identified as follows: To Identify and document the
extent and types of biological, chemical, and physical
alterations in the marine ecosystem that are associat-
ed with the development of and production of dis-
charges from an oil field; to describe the fine sedi-
December 1983 763
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ments and nepheloid layer of the oil field, focusing
upon their relationship to heavy metal adsorption; to
determine levels, pathways, and bioaccumuiation of
heavy metals; to describe seasonal circulation pat-
terns in the oil field; to determine the specific pollut-
ants, their quantity and effects on the various compo-
nents of the marine ecosystem; to determine levels,
pathways, and bioaccumuiation of selected discharge
constituents (non-metals) in the marine ecosystem in
the oil field; and to construct a hydrocarbon model.
Keywords: "Oil fields, "Environmental surveys, Marine
biology, Ecology, Water pollution, Environmental im-
pacts, Aquatic microbiology, Marine microorganisms,
Marine fishes, Marine geofogy, Sedimentology, Geo-
chemistry, Toxicity, Trace elements, Metals, Data ac-
quisition, Texas, Mexico Gulf, 'Buccaneer Oil Field,
Outer continental shelves, Heavy metals.
PB80-107998 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Handbook of Kay Federal Regulation* and Cri-
teria for Multimedia Environmental Control. Final
rept. Sep 78-Jun 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. R. Greenwood, G. L. Kingsbury, and J. G. Cleland.
Aug 79,273p* RTI/1603/18-01F, EPA/600/7-79/175
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The handbook summarizes major Federal environ-
mental regulations and recommendations and the leg-
islative acts that authorize them. It summarizes and
tabulates quantitative control limits specified by Feder-
al agencies. It compares the various regulations,
standards, and criteria. It Includes a selected bibliogra-
phy addressing Federal environmental control activi-
ties.
Keywords: "Pollution control, 'Regulations, 'Manuals,
National government, Standards, Bibliographies, Air
pollution, Exhaust emissions, Pesticides, Guidelines,
Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Radioactive
contaminants, Potable water, Industrial hygiene, Noise
pollution, Toxic substances, Indoor air pollution, Clean
Air Act, Air quality, Stationary sources, Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodentlcide Act, National Envi-
ronmental Policy Act, Marine Protection, Research,
and Sanctuaries Act, Water quality, Best technology,
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, Occupational Safety
and Health, Polychlorinated blphenyls.
PB80-108038 PC A04/MF A01
A Standard Procedure for Co»t Analysis of Pollu-
tion Control Operations. Volume I. User Qulde.
Rept. for Oct 77-May 79,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Vincent W. Uhl. Jun79,65p* EPA/600/8-79/018A
See also Volume 2, PB80-108046.
Volume I Is a user guide for a standard procedure for
the engineering cost analysis of pollution abatement
operations and processes. The procedure applies to
projects in various economic sectors: private, regulat-
ed, and public. The models are consistent with cost
evaluation practices in engineering economy and fi-
nancial analysis. It presents a recommended format,
termed the Specification, that should not exceed eight
pages when executed. The guidelines facilitate the
choice of procedures open to the estimator and the es-
tablishment of factors to be used in the evaluation. The
Specification has three segments: descriptive, cost
analysis, and reliability assessment.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Cost analysis,
'Pollution control, 'Guidelines, Air pollution, water
pollution, Sewage treatment, Feasibility, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Operating costs, Cap-
italized costs, Economic factors, 'Pollution abatement,
Procedures, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB80-108046 PC AOB/MF A01
A Standard Procedure for Cost Analysis of Pollu-
tion Control Operations. Volume II. Appendices.
Rept. for Oct 77-May 79,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Vincent W. Uhl. Jun79,164p* EPA/600/8-79/018B
See also Volume 1, PB80-108038.
Volume I is a user guide for a standard procedure for
the engineering cost analysis of pollution abatement
operations and processes. The procedure applies to
projects in various economic sectors: private, regulat-
ed, and public. Volume II, the bulk of the document,
contains 11 appendices (providing detailed back-
ground material) and 2 comprehensive examples. Ap-
pendix subjects are: Capital Investment Estimation,
Annual Expense Estimate, The Cash Flow Concept,
Discrete and Continuous Interest Factors, Measures of
Merit, Cost Indices and Inflation Factors, Rates of
Return and Interest Rates, Methods of Reliability As-
sessment, Sensitivity Analysis, Example l-Cost Analy-
sis of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Retrofit Facility,
and Example Il--Cost Analysis of Chlorolysis Plant.
The Measures of Merit appendix considers: return on
investment, internal rate of return, payout time, equiva-
lent annual cost, and unit costs. A glossary is provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Cost analysis,
'Pollution control, 'Guidelines, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Sewage treatment, Capitalized costs, Oper-
ating costs, Sensitivity, Flue gases, Carbon tetrachlo-
ride, Fixed investment, Expenses, Cash flow, Interest,
Return on investment, Cost indexes,
Inflation(Economics), Payout time, 'Pollution abate-
ment, Procedures, Liquid wastes, Solid wastes.
PB80-108160 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Interpretation of Environmental Assessment Data.
Final rept. Mar 78-Sep 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. H. Sexton, F. W. Sexton, L. I. Southerland, and T. D.
Hartwell. Sep 79,242p EPA/600/7-79/226
Contract EPA-68-02-2156
The report describes preliminary attempts to formulate
viable models for interpreting environmental assess-
ment data. The models are evaluated using data from
the four most comprehensive environmental assess-
ments. A format for entering environmental assess-
ment results on FORTRAN computer sheets is pre-
sented and more complete data entry sheets, being
developed by IERL-RTP are discussed. Various previ-
ously proposed models (Source Severity; Source As-
sessment Models SAM/I, SAM/IA, and SAM/IB) are
investigated using the data from the four previously
mentioned studies. Correlations between biotests and
chemical results, and between biotests, were calculat-
ed using the data from these four studies; a summary
of possible correlations is presented. In the study of
correlations, the data are examined from each study
individually and from the entire data set taken as a
whole. Generally, results do not reveal a strong degree
of association between the chemical analyses and the
biologicaj tests. When all factors relevant to an intelli-
gent decision on the acceptability of a waste stream
are considered, there appears to be no mathematical
model that will encompass all of them. The models are
useful but must still be utilized with considerable care.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Mathematical models, Assess-
ments, Fortran, Coal gasification, Fluidized bed proc-
essors, Particles, Industrial wastes, Environmental sur-
veys, Textile industry, Bioassay, Chemical analysis, In-
organic compounds, Organic compounds, Data analy-
sis, Tables(Data), SAM/I model, SAM/IA model,
SAM/IB model.
PB80-108251 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Summary of Gas Stream Control Technology for
Major Pollutants In Raw Industrial Fuel Gas. Final
rept. Jul 77-Mar 79,
Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ.
F. D. Hoffert, W. Y. Soung, and S. E. Stover. Jul 79,
163p EPA/600/7-79/171
Contract EPA-68-02-2601
The report summarizes coal gasification and clean-up
technology with emphasis on methods of producing a
clean industrial fuel gas as defined by agreement for
study purposes. The coal-derived industrial fuel dis-
cussed produces no more than 0.5 Ib of SO2,0.4 Ib of
NOx, and 0.1 Ib of particulates per million Btu of fuel
gas. In general, existing state-of-the-art control tech-
nology will allow these emission guidelines to be met,
although the end use for the fuel gas will strongly influ-
ence the choice of the pollution control technology
that is used. Many but not all important factors perti-
nent to control technology application were consid-
ered. Costs are an example of important factors which
were not evaluated because the objective was to first
determine appropriate technology that could be ap-
plied. Emissions other than the three major P°llu™UIr
indicated were given only cursory treatment. Nevertne-
less, a general overall background of control technolo-
gy for industrial fuel gas has been covered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Flue Qa*?r
Technology, Combustion products, Industrial *a* „}
Design, Performance evaluation, Comparison, State 01
the art.
PB80-108269 PC A1 1/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincintwi,
OH
Electroosmotlc Dryinfl of Slime Consistence
Wastes. Final rept., m
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-n>
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland). „,
Kazimierz Ukleja. Aug 79, 232p EPA/600/7-79/127
The objective of this research is the examination of
field techniques that remove water from sludge tailing8
produced as a waste during flotation of sufphur ore-
The research was conducted with the idea of f"lizl"?
these wastes in agriculture as a soil amendment usewi
to neutralize acid soils. The main hindrance to eco-
nomic utilization of this type of wastes is their semifiu"
character. This fluid character persists for many yew*
making it impossible to economically excavate ano
transport the material for agricultural use. The teen-
nique investigated for draining the sludge is comprisej1
of a three stage system of drying as follows: (1) 8ra*l
tational draining of waterimpounded in the bowl of tne
tailings basin; (2) draining a substantial part of tne
water in the sludge using electroosmosis which a''°/T
removal and some transport of the sludge; and (3)JU[I
ther drying to a relatively dry, plastic state by spreading
under conditions that facilitate atmospheric drying. w
adding dry material to the electroosmotically dewa-
tered sludge.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge dryjnfl-
•Electroosmosis, Dewatering, Field tests, Rota!*'"'
Sulfur, Beneficiation, Soils, Economic analysis, Drain-
age, Agronomy, Tailings, Sedimentation.
PB80-10828S PC A03/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH- . ~rf
Determination of 'Glardla' Cyst Viability. Final reoi
Oct 76-Jan 79,
Oregon Univ. Health Sciences Center, Portland.
of Microbiology and Immunology.
Ernest A. Meyer. Jul 79, 39p EPA/600/2-79/063
Grant EPA-R-804898
The principal objective of this research was the devel-
opment of a sensitive, standardized method of deter-
mining whether or not Giardia cysts are viable. Tnj
availability of such a method is necessary to determine
the effect of chemical and physical agents on the vw'
bility of these organisms in water. Using cysts colwCJ"
ed from an asymptomatic human carrier, a method wj
inducing excystation was developed and optimize"
with regard to pH, time of acid exposure, incubation
temperature and excystation medium. The metnoo
was applied in determining the effects of cyst storafl"
in water at various temperatures on cyst survival as de-
termined by the cultural excystation method and eosi'j
dye exclusion. The results indicate that cyst survival
time decreased with increasing temperatures abo,;
OC. Freezing and thawing resulted in almost compW
loss of viability.
Keywords: 'Neoplasms, 'Cysts, Parasites, Viability.
Determination, Water, Protozoa, Intestines, Humans.
Animals, 'Giardia, Infections.
PB80-108283 PC A04/MF AOl
Absorption Characteristics of Prolate Spheroid*
Model of Man and Animals At and Near
nancefrequency. Final rept. 15 Sep 76-15 Mar 78. .
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Electrical an"
Computer Engineering. .
Vijai K. Tripathi, and Hyuckjae Lee. Aug 79, 74p EPA/
600/1-79/025
Grant EPA-R-804697-01-1
The report deals with the evaluation of the absorptio"
characteristics of prolate spheriodal models of rn*n
and animals consisting of homogeneous biological W
764 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sues irradiated with plane waves at an arbitrary angle
2 mc'dence at and near the resonance frequency.
venson's series expansion method in the third ap-
mnth atlon and the extended boundary condition
fnetnod are presented in detail since they were found
w De most amenable to the solution of the problem. A
aeneral formulation of Stevenson's method in the third
ariPi°Ximation is Pfesented which can be applied to an
JJfoitra.ry angle of incidence and leads to an improve-
pnrD ln ^ency range of validity and accuracy as
Compared with first order solutions. The report also
nSX? ln detail witn tne extended boundary condition
be < (EBCM), since it was found to be inplementa-
"is tor realistic models at frequencies approaching
'esonance. Though the EBCM theory is well know, the
Application of the method has been stressed and cer-
the lmProverrents in the accuracy and efficiency of
am mPutations are incorporated. Numerical results
?'? Presented and compared with known data pub-
"shed by others.
•Pi^?rds; *Absorption(Physiology), "Microwaves,
tij-'ec'romagnetic radiation, Characteristics, Evalua-
£,"• r'ssues(Biology), Humans, Laboratory animals,
» anaards, Protection, Mathematical models, Nonion-
"« radiation, Environmental health.
PJB80-108301 PC A04/MF A01
^umcipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Effect of Particulates on Disinfection of Enterovlr-
Tgf* In Water by Chlorine Dioxide. Final rept. Mar
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
CmSuale v- Scarpino, Frank A, O. Brigano, Sandra
79/054' 8nd Mary Lee Zink' Jul 79' 71p EPA/600/2"
GrantEPA-R-804418
nn!?Jnactivat'on kinetics of CIO2 on two enterovlruses,
^"ovirus 1 (Mahoney) and coxsackle virus A9, and an
wirl ind|cator of fecal pollution, Escherichia coli,
dl.iVr.examined ^ laboratory studies. In addition, the
(bcM, , "9 abi% of Cl02 as affected by particulates
Dranl nor9anic (bentonite) and cell-associated virus
CirS rrations)> and viral aggreflates, was determined.
was found to be an excellent disinfectant even
? compared to chlorine, especially at the pH of
u il, In9 Caters. The test viruses were found to
bar- can% m°re resistant to disinfectants than the
dHrlal'ecaf indicator organism, E. coll. Variations in
ChnL tion rates occurred due to viral aggregation.
ru« w» dloxld8 Inactivation of cell-associated poliovi-
tlon f/8,"8 unassociated polioviius showed no protec-
duat lhe '"nudity levels examined. This is believed
e ""-associated poliovirus 1 existing in a 'sln-
alas'
pon-aggregation state, and that the cellular
read"y oxidized by the chlorine dioxide. Fi-
.
of JL? oorrelatlon exists between bentonite protection
oaro? oviru8 1 during disinfection at Increasing tem-
ah rJ 8 and increasing turbidities, i.e. as the temper-
efflr.7»and bentonite turbidity increases, the disinfection
virus ; deoreases for tne bentonite-adsorbed polio-
'««irtSrds.: *Cnlorin? oxides, 'Enteroviruses, "Disin-
u&eo i r> Water. Viruses, Microorganisms, Poliovir-
^xsackie viruses, Particles, Turbidity, Water
n, Protection, Particulates, Drinking water.
PC A03/MF A01
^,.«,r earch Summary,
Marl cni?ental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
* achaefer. Oct 79, 28p EPA/600/8-79/028
reJ! br°cnure briefly summarizes the EPA's acid rain
fbrrnat Pr°aram in an easily read, non-technical
d !tfd?: SH"ur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfuric
Stoii ° acid' Air Pol|ution, Water pollution, Environ-
DolhVr' imPacts, Research projects, 'Acid rain, Water
"•"'Won effects(Animals), US EPA.
PC A06/MF A01
nvironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
:, NC.
Technologies for Paniculate and Tar
—. js from Coal Converters,
nectron Corp., Bethesda, MD. Applied Research
1. Koralek,
1/7-79/170
Breitstein. Jul 79,115p
Contract EPA-68-02-2601
The report gives results of a characterization of solid
and tar paniculate emissions in raw product gases
from several types of coal gasifiers, in terms of their
total quantities, chemical composition, and size distri-
bution. Fixed-bed gasifiers produce the smallest par-
ticulate loadings, about 3 g/cu m. Entrained-bed gasifi-
ers produce the largest, about 110 g/cu m. Control
technologies for participate emissions were assessed
with respect to the limitations of the control device and
to existing and proposed regulations. Fabric filters
were not suitable where tar particulates were found or
at higher than 300 C. Electrostatic precipitators operat-
ed as high as 1100 C. Rotary cyclones showed the
widest range of applicability. Conventional cyclones
were most economical for particles larger than 50 mi-
crons. Solid and tar paniculate emissions collected for
250,000 scfd of a medium-Btu gas contained up to 1.6
million kg of paniculate containing about 400 ppm of
organic compounds which were benezene extractable.
Naphthalenes and three-ring aromatic compounds
each showed compositions of about 15 ppm. More
than a dozen other classes of compounds were identi-
fied in the analyses of the organic material deposited
on the paniculate matter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, * Particles, 'Coal tar,
'Coal gasification, Chemical composition, Particle size
distribution, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Air filters, Electrostatic precipitators, Cyclone separa-
tors, Organic compounds, Technology, Scrubbers,
Fabric filters, Venturi scrubbers, Granular bed filters.
PB80-108400 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coke Quench Tower Emission Testing Program.
Final rept. Oct 77-Dec 78,
York Research Corp., Stamford, CT.
A. H. Laube, and B. A. Drummond. Apr 79,160p EPA/
600/2-79/082
Contract EPA-68-02-2819
The report gives results of a field study to further
define quench tower organic emissions, the character
and magnitude of which are virtually unknown. (Limited
testing in 1976 indicated that a large quantity of organ-
ic material was emitted from quench towers, but these
data were Inconclusive because so few samples were
analyzed.) Sufficient stack samples were taken under
controlled coke and quench water quality conditions to
provide a statistically confident basis for emission
factor determination. The samples were subjected to
extensive organic chemical analysis for identification
and quantification of similar functional groups and se-
lected Individual compounds known or expected to be
carcinogenic. Fifty-three organic compounds were
found In quench tower emissions; seven in sufficient
quantity to be considered potential health hazards.
The use of waste water from other coke plant sources
for quenching greatly Increases the organic load when
compared to quenching with river water. Although the
water itself Is the principal source of organic emis-
sions, the 90ke also appears to contribute. The majori-
ty of organics detected are either gaseous or associat-
ed with small particles, so they will contribute to ambi-
ent air loads beyond plant boundaries.
Keywords: "Coking, 'Organic compounds, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Air pollution, Field tests, Quenching, Benzene,
Design, Process charting, Performance evaluation,
Sampling, Water analysis, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Particles, Sources, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Tests, 'Emission factors.
PB80-108418 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Disinfection for
Small Community Water Systems. Final rept.,
Vermont State Debt, of Health, Burlington.
Linden E. Withered, Ray L Solomon, and Kenneth M.
Stone. Jul 79,49p EPA/600/2-79/060
Contract EPA-68-03-2182
Ozone and ultraviolet radiation were used as alterna-
tives to chlorine for disinfection in several small exist-
ing community water systems. Both ozone and ultra-
violet light were found to be inferior to chlorination
from the standpoint of operation and maintenance re-
quirements and maintaining disinfection in the distribu-
tion system. A disinfectant residual was found to be
necessary even in the small water distribution systems
studied. Neither ozone or ultraviolet provide a residual
disinfectant. The main problem with chlorination in
small community water systems is inadequate oper-
ation and maintenance. Inadequate operation and
maintenance is a general problem of small community
water systems, not limited to the disinfection aspect
Methods for improving operation and maintenance of
small water systems need to be established.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Ozonization, 'Water
treatment, Disinfection, Communities, Water distribu-
tion, Distribution systems, Residues, Performance
evaluation, Operations, Comparison, Chlorination,
Constraints, Maintenance, Improvement.
PB80-108426 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Baltimore Region Water Quality Management
Plan, Summary, November, 1979. Clean Enough
for Fishing and Swimming.
Regional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
Nov 79,37p BTL/RPC-79/003
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.
This booklet summarizes the Water Quality Manage-
ment Plan for the Baltimore Metropolitan Region. The
Plan, published in 1978, details the water pollution
problems in the region, and recommends actions to
correct them, including cooperative agreements and
legal arrangements among local governments. Water
quality management plans were developed throughout
tne United States after the passage of the 1977 Clean
Water Act, whose goals were to make water clean
enough for fishing and swimming by 1963, and to elimi-
nate pollution from industrial and municipal wastes by
1985.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Water pollu-
tion, 'Urban areas, Recommendations, Local govern-
ment, Fishing, Swimming, Objectives, Pesticides, Sedi-
ments, Earth fills, Sludge, Industrial wastes, Maryland,
Maps, Baltimore Metropolitan Reglon(Maryland), Non-
point sources.
PB80-108467 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hot Qas ClMnup Process. Final rept. Jan 77-Mar
79,
Dynalectron Corp., Bethesda, MD. Applied Research
Div.
A. Bekir Onursal. Jul 79,155p EPA/600/7-79/169
Contract EPA-68-02-2601
The report gives results of a study to identify and clas-
sify 22 hot gas cleanup (HGC) processes for desulfur-
izing reducing gases at above 430 C according to ab-
sorbent type Into groups employing solid, molten salt,
and molten metal absorbents. It describes each proc-
ess In terms of Its status, chemistry, operating charac-
teristics, problems, and uncertainties. It assesses the
applicability of none HOC processes to a variety of
coal gasification systems for several end uses for the
product gases. It evaluates advantages and disadvan-
tages of HGC relative to conventional low temperature
cleanup systems with respect to thermal efficiency, the
presence and/or emissions of tars, particulates, and
NOx, and corrosion. It also presents economic com-
parisons between HGC and low temperature desulfuri-
zation. HGC processes are best suited for combined-
cycle and on-site combustion applications coupled
with low- or intermediate-Btu gasifiers. The Kennecott
and MERC processes are applicable for desiilfurizing
gases at high temperatures. HGC processes provide
greater overall efficiencies than low temperature de-
sulfurization. Processing gases at high temperatures
result In increased NOx emissions. Particulate removal
at high temperatures is inefficient and corrosion prob-
lems increase. HGC processes complicate and add
uncertainties which economically offset some thermal
efficiency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control,
'Absorbers(Materials), Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Coal gasification, Tars, Particles, Nitrogen
oxides, Corrosion, Electric power plants, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Equipment.
December 1983 765
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-108475 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Sensitized Fluorescence for Polynu-
clear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Detection. Final rept.
Jan-Jun 79,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
T. R. Smith. Aug 79, 47p EPA/600/7-79/207
Contract EPA-68-02-2689
The report gives results of an evaluation of a fluores-
cent spot test for detecting the presence of polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a screening
technique for samples to be analyzed by Gas Chroma-
tography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The test Is
based on the phenomenon of sensitized fluorescence
and is capable of easily detecting 100 plcograms of
PAH in a 1 micrqliter sample, a level of sensitivity ade-
quate for screening combustion effluent samples. Two
interferences were observed: highly colored samples
require dilution to allow viewing of the fluorescence
level, and samples containing substantial amounts of
phthalate esters produce false positive results. No
false negative results were observed in the study. The
test is adequate for screening combustion effluent
samples prior to GC/MS analysis.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, *Gas
analysis, 'Fluorescence, 'Spot tests, Chemical analy-
sis, Samples, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Performance evaluation, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, "Air pollution detection.
PB80-108541 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Mlcroblal Metabolism of Heavy Metals. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
W. P. Iverson, and F. E. Brinckman. 1978,32p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Planning
and Standards.
Pub. in Chapter 8 in Water Pollution Microbiology, 2,
p201-232 1978.
The current understanding of the transformations of
metals and metalloids by, and the effects of metals
and metalloids on, microorganisms is reviewed with
200 references. Microbial transformations of several
technologically prominent toxic metal systems, includ-
ing arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead and tin are dis-
cussed, in greater detail with respect to inorganic and
organpmetallic ions. The implications of these trans-
formations to the general problem of metal pollution,
particularly in aquatic environments, are described.
The effect of metal stress, plasmid transfer, and metal
tolerance on bacteria is considered.
Keywords: *Metals, "Microorganisms, 'Metabolism,
•Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, Food chain,
Lead(Metal), Mercury, Tin, 'Heavy metals.
PB80-108566 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial and Environmental Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Engineering Evaluation of Control Technology for
H-Coal and Exxon Donor Solvent Processes. Final
rept. Jan 77-Mar 79.
Dynalectron Corp., Bethesda, MD. Applied Research
Div.
K. R. Sarna, and D. T. O'Leary. Jul 79,125p EPA/600/
7-79/168
Contract EPA-68-02-2601
The report gives results of an evaluation of the control
technology of two coal liquefaction processes, H-Coal
and Exxon Donor Solvent. The effluent streams were
characterized and quantified for both processes and
plants (pilot and conceptualized commercial). The gas-
eous-, liquid-, and solid-stream emissions were ana-
lyzed for their controllability, process complexity, and
efficiency. Extrapolations to the larger commercial size
were based partly on pilot plant data and (where such
data was unavailable) engineering judgment. Several
information gaps were encountered for liquid and solid
effluent streams, especially as to composition. These
deficiencies were pointed out and recommendations
were outlined. Present control technology for the H-
Coal process seems to be barely adequate: present
designs are inadequate for zero discharge criteria.
Control technology for the EDS process depends on
being able to rely on the facilities ol an adjacent refin-
ery's controls: the scalability of present control tech-
nologies, especially in the case of the bag filter oper-
ation, is not confirmed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pollution control,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Technology, Design, Coal liquefaction,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Pilot plants, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, *H-coal process,
'Exxon donor solvent process.
PB80-108574 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Droplet Sizing for the Evaluation
of Scrubbing Systems. Final rept. Jun 75-Mar 77,
KLD Associates, Inc., Huntington, NY.
Hector Medeckl, K. C. Wu, and D. E. Magnus. Jul 79,
124p EPA/600/7-79/166
Contract EPA-68-02-2111
The report describes the development and character-
istics of the DC-2 Droplet Counter as used to evaluate
scrubbing systems. The measurement of entrained
droplets and their concentrations In gas streams is im-
portant in pollution control technology. The use of a
hot-wire sensor can successfully measure the desired
parameters for droplets in the size range from 1 to 500
micrometers. The report describes extensive testing in
the laboratory and gives a comparison with results
from the Brink impactor. A correlation of results for
these two measurement techniques was achieved.
The report also describes field tests at four different
sites.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, *Drop8(Llquids), Field tests, Counters, Laborato-
ry equipment, Performance evaluation, Probes,
Design, Calibrating, Particle size distribution,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, 'Mist eliminators, 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB80-108582 PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Changes In Humans Upon Exposure
to Sulfuric Acid Aerosol and Exercise. Research
rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Div.
Suzanne Chaney, Wendy Blomquist, Keith Muller, and
George Goldstein. Aug 79,25p EPA/600/1-79/032
A total of 18 human subjects were exposed to ambient
air for four hours on the first day of exposure and to
four hours of 100 micrograms/cu. m. (0.033 micro-
mole) sulfuric acid aerosol exposed to four hours of
ambient air on both exposure days. Six biochemical
blood parameters were measured pre and post expo-
sure: glutathione, lysozyme, glutathione reductase,
serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase, serum
vitamin E and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. The results
indicate no significant effect of one four hour exposure
of humans to sulfuric acid aerosol (100 micrograms/
cu. m.). One significant effect did occur indicating an
increase in glutathione reductase post exposure for
both the control group and acid group. This report
covers a period from October 23, 1978, to December
15,1978, and work was completed as of May 1,1979.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Exercise(Physiology),
'Toxicology, Aerosols, Humans, Exposure, Biochemis-
try, Blood, Concentration(Composition), Physiological
effects, Glutathione, Tocopherol, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Reduc-
tases/glutathione, Aminotransferases/aspartate, Di-
phosphoglyceric acid.
PB80-10871S PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Long-Term Effect* of Land Application of Domes-
tic Wastewater Tooele, Utah, Slow Rate Site.
Volume 1: Field Investigation,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
James H. Reynolds, L R. Anderson, R. W. Miller, W. F.
Campbell, and M. 0. Braun. Aug 79,307p EPA/600/2-
79/171A
Contract EPA-68-03-2360
See also Volume 2. PB80-108723.
The general objective of this study was to determine
the long-term effects of employing secondary treated
municipal wastewater as irrigation water. The study
compared the quality of soils, crops, grqundwater, and
applied water to a site receiving normal irrigation water
(control site) to a site (treated site) which had utilized
secondary treated municipal effluent for irrigation
water during a 20-year period. Similar management
practices were employed at both sites.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Munici-
palities, Comparison, Periodic variations. Soil proper-
ties, Ground water, Farm crops, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Concentration(Composition), Metals, Utah,
'Land application, Sewage irrigation, Tooele(Utah).
PB80-108723 PC AOS/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Dome*'
tic Wastewater: Tooele, Utah, Slow Rate Site-
Volume 2: Engineering Soil Properties,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan. _
Loren R. Anderson, J. H. Reynolds, R. W. Miller, W. F.
Campbell, and D. G. Beck. Aug 79, 93p EPA/600/2-
79/171B
Contract EPA-68-03-2360
See also Volume 1 , PB80-1 0871 5.
A high quality secondary sewage effluent was
to three soil types and its effects on the shear strength,
consolidationproperties, and permeability of the sons
was studied. The three soil types were a poorly graded
sand, a clayey silt, and a highly plastic clay. Each soil
was divided into nine samples. Six samples were
leached with secondary sewage effluent and three
with distilled water. After a suitable amount of leacnate
has passed through the samples, direct shear tests,
standard consolidation tests, and falling head perme-
ability tests were performed. The shear strengths ot
the sand and silt were not appreciably affected by tne
application of wastewater. the shear strength of the
clay was slightly increased by the wastewater effluent-
The compressibility, rate of consolidation, and perme-
ability of the silt increased with application of the efflu-
ent whereas the clay samples were not affected by tne
application.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Soil properties, 'Municipalities.
Comparison, Sands, Clay soils, Leaching, Permeabil-
ity, Silts, Compressive properties, Soil texture, Flew
tests, Utah, 'Land application, Sewage irrigation,
Tooele(Utah).
PB80-108830 PC A06/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnan,
OH. .
Manual of Practice for Protection and Cleanup °>
Shorelines: Volume I. Decision Guide. Final rept
Apr-Jul 79,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
Carl R. Foget, Eric Schrier, Martin Cramer, and Robert
Castle. Aug 79, 124p* EPA/600/7-79/ 187 A
Contract EPA-68-03-2542
See also Volume 2, PB80-1 08848.
The purpose of this manual is to provide the on scene
field user with a systematic, easy to apply methodolo-
gy that can be used to assess the threat of an oil spl"
and select the most appropriate protection and clean-
up techniques. This manual is structured to provide a
decision-making guide to enable the user to deter-
mine, for a given oil spill situation, which protection ano
cleanup techniques would be most effective for a spe-
cific shoreline type. A detailed discussion of the factors
involved in the decision-making process is also given
and includes oil characteristics, behavior and rnoye-
ment of oil, shoreline characterization and sensitivity.
protection and cleanup priorities and implementation
requirements, and impacts associated with cleanup
operations.
Keywords: 'Beaches, 'Shores, 'Cleaning, 'Oil poll""
tion, Manuals, Decision making, Sites, Assessments,
Ocean waves, Weather, Protection, Environmental im-
pacts, Requirements, Oceanographic data, volurne,
Predictions, Wind(Meteorology), Ocean currents, *°"
spills, Path of pollutants.
PB80-108848 PC A07/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnao.
OH.
766 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Manual of Practice for Protection and Cleanup of
N T?r ?lnes: Volume II. Implementation Guide. Final
JgPt- Apr-Jul 79,
™podward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
«m R. Foet, Eric Schrier, Martin Cramer, and Robert
. , , ,
r£ . Aul79- 137P" EPA/600/7-79/ 187B
Contract EPA-68-03-2542
see also Volume 1 , PB80-1 08830.
I!?.® Purpose of this manual is to provide the on scene
nu .kUser with a systematic, easy to apply methodolo-
ay Wa1 can be used to assess the threat of an oil spill
«na select the most appropriate protection and clean-
"P techniques. A detailed discussion of the factors in-
nnn i ln tne decision-making process is also given
mT ,includes oil characteristics, behavior and move-
"lent of oil, shoreline characterization and sensitivity,
rani i ion and cleanuP priorities and implementation
oqulrements, and impacts associated with cleanup
operations.
s: 'Beaches, 'Shores, 'Cleaning, 'Oil pollu-
| Manuals, Booms(Equipment), Requirements, Di-
»ening, Ocean waves, Logistics planning, Oils, Chemi-
c? Properties, Fuel oils, Viscosity, Materials handling,
«'"8n'n8. Pumping, Earth handling equipment, Separa-
tion. Operations ?n;i -mills
'• Operations, ?6il spills.
--. ,mml pc A08/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Li£!Uatlon ot Operation and Maintenance Factors
uniting Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant
£»norrnance. Final rept.,
«annett, Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
• Gray, Jr., Paul E. Paul, and Hugh D. Roberts.
- Gra¥. Jr-. paul E. Paul, a
PHeabllity of Coke Plant Control Technologies
Ca.«?al C°nver8lon. Final rept. Aug 77-Mar 79,
s^'ytic, inc., Philadelphia, PA.
i.; M. Hossain, P. F. Citione, A. B. Cherry, and W. J.
rSSy enko- Jr- Aug 79, 214p' EPA/600/7-79/184
Contract EPA-68-02-2 167
ari? report gives results of comparisons of process
cot aste stream characteristics from the Byproduct
factin°Ver Process with selected gasification and lique-
aarri? n Processes. It includes recommendations re-
WaRte8 control technologies for air, water, and solid
eirtl • Col» and treatment of coke oven wastes are present-
tribirt10"9 with a brief assessment of health effects at-
that coke oven emissions. Study results indicate
aoDiir liurnber °* coke oven control technologies are
TP to coal conversion systems, especially
J Pealin9 with desulfurization, fugitive emissions,
no recovery/upgrading, and wastewater treat-
trot to 7yProd|Jct upgrading and fugitive emission con-
aoiio °'°9'es may De readily transferable to analo-
Wast °oal oonversion applications. Desulfurization and
"siewater treatment technologies, however, cannot
be transferred readily to applications where significant
differences exist in the composition, temperature, and
pressure of the two categories of process/waste
streams. In these cases, laboratory or pilot plant scale
tests will be required with actual coal conversion
wastes to determine the design bases and the treat-
ability variations between coal conversion and compa-
rable coke oven streams.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coking, 'Coal
gasification, 'Coal liquefaction, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Technol-
ogy, Leakage, Assessments, Revisions, Public health,
Process charting, Design, Byproducts, Regulations,
State government, National government, Fugitive
emissions.
PB80-108962 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Setting Priorities for Control of Fugitive Partlcu-
late Emissions from Open Sources. Final rept. Sep
77-May 79,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
D. W. Cooper, J. S. Sullivan, Margaret Quinn, R. C.
Antonelll, and Maria Schneider. Aug 79,136p* EPA/
600/7-79/186
Grant EPA-R-805294
The report describes setting priorities for controlling fu-
gitive participate emissions. Emission rate estimates of
suspended particulates from open sources in the U.S.
were obtained from emission factors and source ex-
tents in the literature. Major open sources, with their
estimated total emission rates (in millions of tons per
year), are: unpaved roads, 300; construction activities,
30; wind erosion of cropland, 40; paved roads, 8; and
wildfires, agricultural tilling, and mineral extraction,
each 3. (For comparison, point sources of particulates
in the U.S. are estimated to emit about 20 million tons
per year). Open source emissions are estimated for
each state. Most open source rates are correlated with
each other and state population is strongly correlated
with the total rate and with most of the source types.
The use of cost effectiveness is compared. Paving un-
paved roads should reduce emissions at an average of
less than $0.01/Ib for such states as Rl and DE (for
rural roads) and AK, AZ, CA, DE. Ml, NV, PA, CO, FL,
IL, IN, KY. MD, MA, NJ, NM, OH, Rl, TN, TX, UT, VA,
WA, and WV (for remaining unpaved municipal roads).
The control of unpaved road emissions (generally by
paving), especially in cities, and the control of emis-
sions from construction activities are concluded to de-
serve high priority In the effort to reduce total suspend-
ed paniculate levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Sources, Roads,
Pavements, Construction industry, Farm crops, Fires,
Minerals, Mines(Excavations), Cultivation, Cost analy-
sis, 'Fugitive emissions, Unpaved roads, Emission fac-
tors.
PB80-108970 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Primary Sludge Thickening and Dewa-
terlng,
Envirotech Corp., Salt Lake City, UT. Eimco Process
Machinery Div.
David Di Gregorio, J. Brian Ainsworth, and Keith J.
Mounteer. Jul79,290p EPA/600/2-79/055
Contract EPA-68-03-0404
This report presents the results of a ten month study of
the thickening and dewatering characteristics of chem-
ical-primary sludges. Alum-primary and ferric-primary
sludges were produced in parallel trains of a pilot plant
operated using a municipal wastewater. Each chemi-
cal treatment unit was operated under several coagu-
lant doses during the four phases of this study result-
ing in the production of several chemical-primary
sludges with distinct characteristics. Gravity thickening
and dissolved air flotation thickening results for each
chemical-primary sludge are presented. Gravity thick-
ening was evaluated using continuous, pilot scale
gravity thickeners; dissolved air flotation thickening
evaluations were performed using batch, benchscale
equipment Sludge dewatering evaluations were per-
formed for all chemical-primary sludges using a pilot
scale bowl centrifuge, vacuum belt filter and filter
press. The report presents correlations developed re-
lating performance of each unit operation to specific
characteristics identified for each chemical-primary
sludge. An economic analysis of centrifugation and
vacuum belt filtration of each chemical-primary sludge
is presented.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), 'Dewatering, 'Thicken-
ing, 'Phosphorus, Coagulants, Flotation, Gravity, Fil-
tration, Centrifuging, Performance evaluation, Eco-
nomic analysis, Pilot plants, Iron, Alum.
PB80-108988 PCA13/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstration of Nonpolnt Pollution Abatement
Through Improved Street Cleaning Practices.
Final rept. 1976-78,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
Robert Pitt. Aug 79,292p EPA/600/2-79/161
Grant EPA-S-804432
A presentation is given of the results and conclusions
from the EPA-sponsored demonstration study of non-
point pollution abatement through improved street
cleaning practices. An important aspect was the devel-
opment of sampling procedures to test street cleaning
equipment performance in real-world conditions. Other
areas explored in this study include: (1) accumulation
rate characteristics of the various pollutants associat-
ed with street dirt; (2) runoff flow characteristics, con-
centrations and total mass yields of monitored pollut-
ants in runoff, and street dirt removal capabilities and
effects on deposition in the sewerage for various kinds
of storms; (3) costs and labor effectiveness of street
cleaning, runoff treatment, and combined runoff and
wastewater treatment; and (4) results of a special
study of airborne dust losses from street surfaces.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dust control, 'Water pollu-
tion, Streets, Sampting, Cleaning, Particles, Runoff,
Urban areas, Concentration(Composition), Cost analy-
sis, Nonpoint sources, 'Street cleaning, Water quality,
Fugitive emissions.
PB80-109010 PC A04/MF A01
Air Pollution Emissions Inventory Systems.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,65p NATO/CCMS-104
NATO furnished.
This report describes how an emissions inventory
system should be organized and operated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data acquisition, Informa-
tion retrieval, Cost analysis, Management planning,
Data retrieval, 'Foreign technology, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Emission inventories, NATO furnished.
PB80-109028 PC A04/MF A01
Air Pollution: Assessment Methodology and Mod-
elling. Current Needs and Uses of Quality Models.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
May79,68pCCMS-101
NATOfurnfehed.
This study describes the uses and needs for air quality
models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Air pollution control, User needs,
'Foreign technology, NATO furnished, Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB80-109036 PC AQ4/MF A01
Air Pollution: Assessment Methodology and Mod-
elling. Fundamentals for the Application of a
Gaussian Plume Model.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 79, 56pCCMS-102
NATO furnished. See also report dated Oct 77, PB-277
442.
This study describes the fundamentals for the applica-
tion of a Gaussian plume model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Normal density functions, 'Foreign
technology, 'Gaussian plume models, NATO fur-
nished, Atmospheric dispersion.
December 1983 767
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-109051 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Investigation of Sanitary Landfill Behavior.
Volume I: Final Report,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
A. A, Fungarali, and R. Lee Steiner. Jul 79,333p EPA/
600/2-79/053A
Grants EPA-R-800777, EPA-R-801947
See also Volume 2, PB80-109069.
This two-volume report provides long-term information
on the release of gaseous and liquid contaminants to
the biosphere from decomposing, landfilled, municipal
solid waste. Volume I, the comprehensive final report,
presents results from a 6-year study. The investigation
included studies of leachate migration, the relationship
between contaminant concentration and leachate
volume, field capacities for various sizes of milled
refuse, influence of density and depth on leachate pol-
lutant concentrations, and the relationship of leachate
chemical components to each other and to leachate
volume.
Keywords: *Earth fills, 'Leaching, 'Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Ground water, Decomposition,
Gases, Volume, Monitoring, Lysimeters,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen, Sodium, Phos-
phorus, Chlorides, Inorganic sulfates, Metals, Refuse,
Pennsylvania, 'Path of pollutants.
PB80-109069 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Investigation of Sanitary Landfill Behavior.
Volume II: Supplement to the Final Report,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
A. A. Fungaroli, and R. Lee Steiner. Jul 79,130p EPA/
600/2-79/053B
Grants EPA-R-800777, EPA-R-801947
See also Volume 1, PBBO-109051.
This two-volume report provides long-term Information
on the release of gaseous and liquid contaminants to
the biosphere from decomposing, landfilled, municipal
solid waste. Volume I, the comprehensive final report,
presents results from a 6-year study. Volume II con-
tains supplemental studies on stabilization and leach-
ate behavior, including results from an additional year
of groundwater monitoring at the field site.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Leaching, 'Water pollution,
Water wells. Ground water, Monitoring, Solid waste
disposal, Decomposition,
Concentration(Compositlon), Gases, Metals, Sodium,
Chlorides, pH, Field tests, Graphs(Charts), Service life,
Pennsylvania, 'Path of pollutants, Chemical oxygen
demand, Chester County(Pennsylvanla).
PB80-10M93 PC A10/MF A01
Bibliography of Literature Pertaining to the Qenus
'Selenaitrum'. Final rept,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MO.
Amy A. Leisehman, Joseph C. Greene, and William E.
Miller. Jul 79,202p* EPA/600/9-79/021
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-286 950.
The bibliography supplements the 1978 Algal Assay
protocol by compiling the avertable literature, pub-
lished and unpublished, on research that contained
algal assays using Selenastrum. The papers cited in
this bibliography include studys of the effects of nutri-
ents, toxicants, complex wastes, and specific inorgan-
ic and organic compounds upon Selenastrum's growth
and physiology. The result is a collection of abstracts,
citations, and key words describing 220 papers. This
bibliography is designed to be used as a public refer-
ence for managers of water quality programs and sci-
entists or educators with interests in research pertain-
ing to Selenastrum and algal assays.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Cyanophyta, 'Bibliographies,
Growth, Nutrients, Toxicity, Inorganic compounds, Or-
ganic compounds, Abstracts, Physiological effects,
Water quality, "Selenastrum capricornutum, Toxic sub-
stances, Author indexes.
PB80-109101 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Test Methods for Definition of Effects of Toxic
Substances on Behavior and Neuromotor Func-
tion. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
I. Geller, W. C. Stebbins, and M. J. Wayner. 1979,
219p* ISBN-O-916086-02-2, EPA/560/11-79/010
Contract EPA-68-01-4870
Proceedings of the workshop held at San Antonio,
Texas, April 1-4, 1979. Prepared in cooperation with
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, and Syracuse Univ., NY. Li-
brary of Congress catalog card no. 79-53843. Supple-
ment to Neurobehavioral Toxicology, Volume 1, Sup-
plement 1,1979.
Partial Contents:
Use of discrimination behavior for the evaluation of
toxicants;
Effects of toxicants on visual systems;
Trialwise tracking method for measuring drug-
affected sensory threshold changes in animals;
Behavioral assessment of risk-taking and
psychophysical functions in the baboon;
Performance and acquisition of serial position
sequences by pigeons as measures of
behavioral toxicity;
Effects of solvents on schedule-controlled
behavior;
Some problems in interpreting the behavioral
effects of lead and methylmercury;
Behavioral epidemiology of food additives;
Quantitative analysis of rat behavior patterns in a
residential maze;
Comparison of neurobehavioral effects induced by
various experimental models of ataxia in the rat;
Morphological studies of toxic distal axonopathy;
Physiological and neurobehavioral alterations
during development in lead exposed rats.
Keywords: 'Behavior, 'Tests, 'Toxicology, 'Meetings,
Physiological effects, Muscles, Nervous system, Mor-
phology, Assaying, Drugs, Psychological tests, Sol-
vents, Lead(Metai), Visual perception, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Neuromotor, Cellular responses, Teratology,
Mercury methyl, Somatosensory cortex.
PB80-109119 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Ethylene Qlycol, Propylene Qlycole
and Butylene Qlycols. Final rept.,
Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA. Science
Information Services Organization.
Lynne M. Miller. May 79,270p* EPA/560/11 -79/006
Contract EPA-68-01-3893
This report reviews aspects of production, use, envi-
ronmental exposure and biological effects of ethylene
glycol, two Isomers of propylene glycol (1,2- and 1,3-
propanedlol) and four isomers of butylene glycol (1,3-,
1,4-, 2,3-, and 1,2- butanediol). Annual production of
ethylene glycol is about 3.7 billion pounds for use pri-
marily in antifreeze and polyester fiber. About 0.5 bil-
lion pounds of 1,2-propanediol are produced per year
for use in polyester resins, food, Pharmaceuticals, and
cellophane. Annual domestic demand for 1,4-butane-
diol is about 0.2 billion pounds for use in the production
of tetra-hydrofuran and acetylenic chemicals. The
other title glycols are of less importance commercially.
The major source of environmental contamination by
ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol is likely from the
disposal of spent antifreeze and de-icing fluids. How-
ever, limited monitoring data make it difficult to ade-
quately assess environmental exposure to the glycols.
The glycols are capable of being degraded by a variety
of acclimated and unacclimated soil, water, and
sewage microorganisms. In humans, ethylene glycol
intoxication, usually as a result of accidental ingestion
of antifreeze, may result in nausea, hypertension, tach-
ycardia, cardiopulmonary failure, renal impairment,
coma and death. 1,2-Propanediol is a G RAS food addi-
tive of low toxicity. 1,3-Butanediol has been studied as
a source of dietary energy. Few studies are available
on 1,2-, 2,3- and 1,4-butanediol or on 1,3-propanediol.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Ethylene glycol,
'Chemical industry, 'Toxicology, Air pollution, Ani-
mals, Public health, Oxygen organic compounds, Anti-
freezes, Antiicing additives, Isomers, Humans, Toxici-
ty, Degradation, Industrial wastes, Sources, Utilization,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Manufactur-
ing, Marketing, Metabolism, Dosage, Water pollution,
Regulations, Standards, Exposure, Biological effects,
'Propanediql, 'Butanediol, Toxic substances, Path of
pollutants, Liquid wastes.
PB80-109127 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn in
angle Park, NC. ., .._,
Oxldant-Precursor Relationships Under Po\\aWn
Transport Conditions. Outdoor Smog Cnanw"
Study. Volume I. Final rept. Jun 75-Jun 78,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NO.
J. E. Sickles, L. A. Ripperton, W. C. Eaton, and R. »•
Wright. Aug 79,125p EPA/600/3-79/078A
Contract EPA-68-02-2207
See also Volume 2, PB80-109135.
Multiple-day experiments were conducted in outdoor
smog chambers to investigate the influence of s|m"'B
ed transport on ozone generation by various comDin»
tions of a surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture ana nj
trogen oxides. The simulation of transport was acc°["j
plished by progressively diluting the contents ot m»
chambers with purified air. First day ozone niaxirnun'
concentrations were reduced under dilution condition
and were sensitive to both dilution rate and «™e*
which dilution was initiated. Second and
ozone maxima were reduced at increasing a
rates, but the reduction was less than proportional w
the extent of dilution. The ozone-generative P°ten?"3
of an aged photochemical system generally exceeaeu
0.08 ppm. Additional experiments were conducted w
examine the ozone-generative potential of low .rea[?l!,"
ity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and valida-
tion of a computer-based photochemical sirnuianoM
model, and to compare the behavior of .two types o
outdoor smog chambers. Volume 1 contains all textual
material.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Test chambers,
'Photochemical reactions, Oxidizers, Transport prop-
erties, Atmospheric diffusion, Smog, Hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, Urban afeasr
Concentration(Composition), Dilution, Laboratory
equipment, Carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde, Proce-
dures.
PB80-109135 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC. .
Oxldant-Precursor Relationships Under Pollutjrn
Transport Conditions. Outdoor Smog Chamow
Study. Volume II. Appendixes. Final rept. Jun /&•
Jun 78, _
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NU
J. E. Sickles, L. A. Ripperton, W. C. Eaton, and R. S.
Wright. Aug 79,435p EPA/600/3-79/078B
Contract EPA-68-02-2207
See also Volume 1, PB80-109127.
Multiple-day experiments were conducted in outdoor
smog chambers to investigate the influence of si"1"18''
ed transport on ozone generation by various combina-
tions of a surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture and ni-
trogen oxides. The simulation of transport was acco.m'
plished by progressively diluting the contents of tne
chambers with purified air. First day ozone maximum
concentrations were reduced under dilution conditions
and were sensitive to both dilution rate and timei ai
which dilution was initiated. Second and third-day
ozone maxima were reduced at increasing dilution
rates, but the reduction was less than proportional «>
the extent of dilution. The ozone-generative P0'61™:!
of an aged photochemical system generally exceeded
0.08 ppm. Additional experiments were conducted w
examine the ozone-generative potential of low reactiv-
ity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and valida-
tion of a computer-based photochemical simulation
model, and to compare the behavior of two types or
outdoor smog chambers. Volume 2 contains all tne
smog chamber analytical data for hydrocarbons, Nu,
O3, CO, CH2O, and condensation nuclei, as well as di-
lution and meteorological data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Test chambers,
'Photochemical reactions, Oxidizers, Transport prop-
erties, Atmospheric diffusion, Smog, Hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, Urban areas,
Concentration(Composition), Dilution, Laboratory
equipment, Carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde,
Tables(Data), Procedures.
PB80-109168 PC A14/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
768 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mum *" Protoeols for Making a Preliminary As-
u«!r 2* of Halogenated Organic Compounds In
nvironmental Media,
ngle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
2; Pellizza". Mitchell D. Erickson, and R. A.
whiL°°-Wenensive reP°rt presents the methods
calm*! used in phase " ol this program. Analyti-
Wflto ds 'or halogenated hydrocarbons in air,
J2|er' soil, breath, blood, urine, and tissue have been
oernh A radioimmunoassay procedure for carcin-
colH'onic antigen (CEA) was validated. The data
..^neciion instruments (participant consent form, ques-
fe, etc.) are also presented here.
men('0.rds: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Environ-
w=niai surveys, 'Chemical analysis, Air pollution,
TiBBM Pgllutton, Soil analysis, Blood analysis, Urine,
LabnS1 Blo|ogy). Bioassay, Public health, Sampling,
ori« n ^ equipment, Assessments, Analytical meth-
8' Protocols, Radioimmunoassay.
QuSS09978 PC A08/MF A01
NAT
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
expert knowledge in mechanistic chemical kinetics. An
example is shown of the use of SRC methodology to
estimate rate and equilibrium constants for a specific
chemical.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Water pollution, "Reaction
kinetics, "Transport properties, Chemical equilibrium,
pH, Oxidizers, Hydrolysis, Photochemistry, Sorption,
Vaporizing, Soils, Atmospheric motion, Chemical reac-
tions, 'Path of pollutants, Atmospheric chemistry,
"Structure reactivity correlations, Linear free energy
relationships.
PB60-110331 PCA03/MFA01
Air Pollution Pilot Study on Assessment Method-
ology and Modeling. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 79,42p NATO/CCMS-105
NATO furnished.
This study recommends that nations find solutions for
their air pollution problems through cooperative effort.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
Methodology, Assessments, Meetings, Management
planning, "Foreign technology, "Air pollution abate-
ment, "Air quality management systems.
PB80-110810 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Eitech General Chemical* Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Resource Docu-
ment: Alternatives Evaluation. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Zellars-Williams, Inc., Lakeland, FL.
Oct 79,77p EPA/904/9-79/044K
Prepared In cooperation with Conservation Consult-
ants, Inc., Palmetto, FL
The document presents the alternatives to the pro-
posed activity by the Estech General Chemicals Cor-
poration (Swift) at the Duette Mine. The Corporation's
objectives and its proposed action to achieve the ob-
jective are included for comparison to each alternative.
The alternative assessments included herein are
those of location of plant site, annual production rate
of phosphate rock, resource recovery, processes for
mining and beneficiation, water supply, waste disposal
and reclamation techniques within the mining plan, lo-
cation of discharges into the surface water system,
rock drying, transportation modes from the Duette site
to a port destination, power sources, and no-action.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposits, Ground water,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal, As-
sessments, Plant location, Production, Resources,
Mining engineering, Water supply, Florida, Transporta-
tion, Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Manatee
County(Florida), Duette Mine, EPA region 4, Pollution
abatement.
PB80-110893 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Resource Docu-
ment: Radiological Environment. Draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Bolch (W. Emmett), Gainesville, FL
Oct 79,98p EPA/904/9-79/044G
See also PB80-110901.
The site is unaltered except for agricultural uses and
the baseline radiological condition can be readily
measured. The mining to the northeast In the west
central Florida phosphate area has been extensively
studied and can serve as a point of reference for the
proposed site. The document describes the back-
ground condition of the natural radiation environment
In the absence of the proposed mining facilities. The
only radionuclides having potential for significant
Impact are those of the uranium-238 decay series. The
relative importance of the thorium-232 series are ad-
dressed. The discussion centers upon the natural and
disturbed condition of uranium-238 series radionu-
clides. Specific items to be covered include uranium
associated with the phosphate, the uranium series in-
cluding radium-226 and radon-222, radon progeny, ter-
restrial gamma radiation, airborne radioactivity, sub-
surface profiles of radioactivity, radium-226 in surface
waters, and radium-226 in groundwaters.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposits, Water quality,
Ground water, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Surface waters, Subsurface investiga-
tions, Natural radioactivity, Calcium phosphates, Ura-
nium, Thorium, Radium, Radon, Florida, Terrestrial ra-
diation, Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Mana-
tee County(Florida), Duette Mine, EPA region 4, Pollu-
tion abatement.
PB80-110901 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Resource Docu-
ment: Surface Water Quality. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Conservation Consultants, Inc., Palmetto, FL.
Oct 79, 204p EPA/904/9-79/044H
Because the great majority of proposed Duette mine
site lies within the Manatee River drainage basin, this
water quality investigation (and others preceding it) fo-
cused major attention on the North and East Forks of
the Manatee River which converge and flow into Lake
Manatee. Water quality of the South Fork Little Mana-
tee River is examined in less detail since it drains a rel-
atively smaller area, and there will be no intentional in-
terference with the stream by the proposed activity.
Lake Manatee is the primary potable water supply
serving the majority of the population in Manatee
County and a significant portion of Sarasota County
(Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (TBRPC),
1978). A study of water quality conditions in major res-
ervoirs (including Lake Manatee) in the Tampa Bay
region was conducted as part of the Areawide Water
Quality Management (AWQM) Plan (TBRPC, 1978).
That study concluded that water quality in Lake Mana-
tee as of 1975 was good. Acceleration of the natural
eutrophication by excessive nutrient loading was iden-
tified as the major problem threatening the reservoir's
water quality. Runoff from pastures and fertilized crop-
land in the Lake's watershed is recognized as the
major source of these nutrients.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposits, Ground water,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Surface waters, Water quality, River basins, Manatee
River, Runoff, Florida, Estech General Chemicals Cor-
poration, Manatee County(Florida), Duette Mine, EPA
region 4, Pollution abatement, Eutrophication, Water
quality data.
PB80-110919 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Resource Docu-
ment: Description of the Proposed Activity. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Zellars-Williams, Inc., Lakeland, FL.
Oct 79,45p EPA/904/9-79/0441
The Estech General Chemicals Corporation proposes
to use equipment and design generally available and
practiced by the presently operating mines. The com-
ponents of the operation are two large walking drag-
lines for parallel ore extraction from two mines; hydrau-
lic ore transportation via pipeline to a central washer
for ore disaggregation and pebble recovery; a feed
preparation and notation plant for extraction of finer
phosphates; wet rock storage and drying; and ship-
ment via rail. Clay and sand wastes are to be disposed
of initially in separate areas, but will subsequently be
mixed into a common backfill using the method that
proves to be most viable technologically and economi-
cally. The Corporation also proposes its water use plan
and water management system, and the restoration of
all land disturbedby the operation.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposits, Ground water,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Mining equipment, Mining engineering, Processing,
Storage, Cargo transportation, Florida, Estech General
Chemicals Corporation, Manatee County(Florida),
Duette Mine, EPA region 4, Pollution abatement.
PB80-110927 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. nea'«
Estech General Chemicals Corporation, Duette
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Resource DOCU
ment: Socioeconomlcs. Draft environmental imp""
statement.
Planning/Marketing Services, Inc., Sarasota, FL.
Oct 79, 78p EPA/904/9-79/044L
See al so PB80-110893.
Contents:
Demography;
Economy;
Land use;
Community services and facilities;
Sensitive manmade areas.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Open pit mining, "Phosphate deposits, Ground wa» •
Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste
Corporation, Manatee County(Florida), Duette w»' •
EPA region 4, Pollution abatement.
PB80-110976 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i»-
angle Park, NC. . ,„,,
Fugitive Emissions from Iron Foundries. Final repi-
Jun 75-Feb 78,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Dennis Wallace, and Chatten Cowherd, Jr. Aug '»,
113p EPA/600/7-79/195
Contract EPA-68-02-2120
The report describes the assessment of fugitive errtB-
sions of air pollutants discharged from process opw
aliens in iron foundries, and the need for the deveioKj
menl of control technology for the most cnwj"1
sources. Data indicates that the most significant TUH>
live emissions control problem in foundries is the p°"'
ing of hot metal into sand molds and the subseque"'
cooling of castings of these molds. Other signifies"'vrg
gitive emissions sources which have control Pr°D .TS
are the electric arc furnace, preparation of molds arw
cores using organic binders, and casling shakeoiu •
These conclusions are tempered by the factthat;,'M
most fugitive emission sources in iron foundries, ow"
is insufficient to determine accurate emission fac'°™;
Research and development programs are
mended: to better quantity the most ='»• ;••;-:+..
sources; to evaluate currently available control teen
nology for electric arc furnaces and shakeout; ano£
develop new control technology for pouring and coo
ing and for core and mold preparation using orgam
binders.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Air pollution con-
trol, Technology, Assessments, Sources, Manufactu'
ing, Melting, Casling, Foundry praclice, Molding tec r
niques. Foundry core sands, Finishing, Electric arc tui
naces. Leakage, "Fugitive emissions, Emission ta('
tors.
PB80-111024 PC A09/MF Aj»1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, V"-
Office of Toxic Substances. . .
An Analysis of the EPA Chemical Use Classifica-
tion System and the OTS Exposure Estimation
Methodology. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Jeffrey Allport, Sharon Casey, Janel Hardy, Buford
Holt, and Kirtland McCaleb. Jun 79,181 p EPA/560/
13-79/007
Contract EPA-68-01-4109
This report contains separate evaluations of the EP*
Chemical Use Classification System and the OTS ex-
posure Estimalion Methodology developed by EPA'
OTS and anolher conlractor. The Use Classification
System describes uses of chemicals in terms of W°
components, function and application. The results of •
three-part study of the systems led to the conclusion
that the system provides neither adequate application
lerms nor satisfactory instructions to assure that trw
available terms will be used in essentially the same
way by the various users. The Exposure Estimation
Methodology was analyzed by statistical and systems
analysis methods and found to be seriously lacking-
The overall scores produced by this scoring systenj
are probably not usefully related to exposures whlcn
would occur due to a particular chemical use.
770 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lndustrial wastes, 'Environmental sur-
c ..mical compounds, Assessments, Revi-
fon ,',Meth?dol°9y. Exposure, Tables(Data), Evalua-
'• utilization, "Chemical Use Classification System.
PCA08/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
fo>rV?i?1m.ent of a Biological Simulation Monitor
Final? , Munlelpal/lndustrlal Treatment System*.
1 Jun 75'31 May 77,
Univ- Nashville, TN. Center for Environ-
gement.
y anagement.
Roth i ark8' w- Wesley Eckenfelder, and John A.
G?anl «,9.79' 1 73P EPA/600/2-79/180
urantEPA-R-803740
..„,. 1 of existent monitoring hardware for the ulti-
80,.™ fwpose of detecting the industrial wastewater
(Or:l°e causing chronic or acute Inefficiency in the per-
proarh06 of a joint biological treatment facility. The ap-
boi'r" represents the first phase of the ultimate pur-
mem Ivaiphase being bench and pilot scale bio-treat-
loadinn e Ol selected industrial wastes at various
to th.lv1 Several monitoring techniques were applied
K™i treatment systems, and the parameters identi-
,.". Pretreatmem guidelines were monitored as
"f removal efficiencies.
8: 'Monitors, 'Measuring instruments, *ln-
ttonnLwa,8te twatment, 'Sewage treatment, Simula-
ev»|.,™velopment, Guidelines, Design, Performance
'Water i, Malr»ematical models, GraphsfCharts),
IndSfri 1ollutlon detection, State of the art, 'Biological
'nt"«trlai waste treatment.
PC A07/MF A01
nmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
Final**)r 1*0**' Ptant Waste H>at Horticulture.
ThS2^m>nl reactor, BIOGAS
PC A03/MF A01
B Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Acuu lToxic Substances.
°*lclty Besting Criteria for New Chemical
Technical rept. Apr-Jul 79,
nv- . -
Man,°1Comr°|. lnc- Rockville, MD.
^P EPA/ Normandv' and Robert
and Robert Reynolds. Jul 79,
and ih6.P>ort addresses the rationale, considerations,
du. """rations of acute toxicity testing. General proce-
stuttio • described for acute tests including lethality
ta«or? in oral' dermal, and inhalation toxicity, and irrl-
,:^ studies in dermal and eye toxicity, phototoxicity
the «?r! ^nsitization. Recommendations are given for
the H«L toxicitX tests which may be used to evaluate
68sinn ,as8°ciated with the manufacture and proc-
ProtnL? che
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-111784 PCA08
Air Pollution: Appendix C (Revised) - Assessment
of Air Quality In Frankfurt, Federal Republic of
Germany (Lutthyglenlsch-meteorologlsche Mo-
delluntersuchung In der Region Untermaln.
Abschlubberlcht)
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Dec 77,167p NATO-CCMS-6-APP-C-REV
See also Appendix C dated Jun 74, PB-255 456. NATO
furnished. Text in English and German.Color illustra-
tions reproduced in black and white.
This report presents the results of a study of air quality
and meteorological parameters in the vicinity of Frank-
furt, West Germany. Implications for air quality moni-
toring and regional planning in other industrial areas
are discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Metropolitan areas, Urban
areas, Meteorological data, Atmospheric temperature,
Wind velocity, Humidity, Regional planning, West Ger-
many, 'Foreign technology, 'Frankfurt(West Germa-
ny), Air pollution sampling, NATO furnished.
PB80-111800 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Safety Evaluation of Renovated Wastewater from
a Poultry Processing Plant. Final rept. Aug 74-Dec
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
J. B. Andelman. Aug 79,90p EPA/600/1-79/030
Grants EPA-R-804286, EPA-S-803325
A three-phase evaluation of reclaimed process
wastewater for reuse was undertaken at the Sterling
Processing Corporation plant in Oakland, Maryland
The main objective was to evaluate the safety for
human consumption of poultry exposed during proc-
essing to an average 50 percent mixture of treated well
water and reclaimed wastewater. To that end, a deter-
mination was made of the ability and reliability of the
water reclamation system to deliver satisfactory quality
water, and whether the processed poultry would have
any excess microbiological or chemical constituents,
harmful to human health, as a result of exposure to
such water. After the renovation system was optimized
(Phase 1), a two-month study (Phase 2) was instituted,
which simulated recycle of renovated water through
the poultry plant. Chemical, physical, and microbiologi-
cal analyses were performed on various water,
wastewater and poultry samples. An experimental
chiller, filled with renovated water, was utilized to com-
pare the uptake of such constituents by the processed
birds with that resulting from exposure to the chiller in
the processing plant using the normally treated well
water. An evaluation of the Phase 2 study, as well as
other data, leads to the conclusion that the safety of
the consumers of the poultry would not be jeopardized
If the planned trial period of reuse (Phase 3) were insti-
tuted.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Poultry, 'Water reclama-
tion, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Safety, Evaluation, Process charting, Humans, Public
health, Performance evaluation, Microorganisms,
Water treatment, Potable water, Industrial wastes,
Maryland, Steady state, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Sampling, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution sam-
pling. Drinking water, Oakland(Maryland).
PB80-111818 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Thermal Decomposition Products of
Flue Gas Conditioning Agents. Final rept. Jan 77-
Mar79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. B. Spafford, E. B. Dismukes, and H. K. Dillon. Aug
79,117p SORI-EAS-79-267,3832-27, EPA/600/7-79/
179
Contract EPA-68-02-2200
The report gives results of a study of reactions of sev-
eral flue gas conditioning agents In a laboratory-scale
facility simulating conditions in the flue gas train of a
coal-burning power plant. Primary purposes of the
study were to characterize the chemical species re-
sulting from adding conditioning agents to flue gas and
to identify potentially hazardous chemical species orig-
inating from the agents that may be emitted into the
environment. The compounds investigated were sulfur
trioxide, ammonia, triethylamine, sodium carbonate,
ammonium sulfate, and diammonium hydrogen phos-
phate. The predominant types of reactions observed in
these experiments were thermal decomposition at
high temperatures, recombination of decomposition
fragments at lower temperatures, and reactions with
normal components of the flue gas. The only signifi-
cant environmental threat of any product identified
during this study was the formation of N-nitrosodiethy-
lamine as the result of injecting triethylamine into the
flue gas. This potent carcinogen was found in trace
amounts when triethylamine was injected at 160C.
Keywords: 'Flue gases, *Air pollution control, 'Pyroly-
sis, Sulfur trioxide, Ammonia, Tertiary amines, Sodium
carbonates, Ammonium sulfate, Inorganic phos-
phates, Reaction kinetics, Laboratory equipment,
Design, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Cpnditioning
agents, Amine/N-nitroso-diethyl. Diammonium hydro-
gen phosphate.
PB80-111966 PCA04/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Polycycllc Organic Matter for En-
vironmental Assessment. Final rept. Dec 76-Mar 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
P. L. Levins, C. E. Rechsteiner, Jr., and J. L. Stauffer.
Aug 79,75p EPA/600/7-79/191
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report discusses methods of measuring polycyclic
organic matter (POM) for environmental assessment.
It describes two fluorescence methods of estimating
total POM levels in samples. Either method may be
used to screen samples for further specific analyses. It
also describes three gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (GC/MS) methods for measuring specific
POM compounds. The use of liquid crystal chromato-
graphic phases is recommended for measuring a few
ROMs; e.g., specifically for benzo(a)pyrene. It dis-
cusses GC/MS methods for a wide range of POMs for
both capillary and packed GC columns. The three
methods for specific POM identification have been
verified with collected environmental samples for dif-
ferent kinds.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Polycyclic compounds, Gas analysis, Water
analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Assess-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Samples, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Fluorescence,
'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution detection,
Benzopyrenes.
PB80-112014 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Basic Studies of Flow and Diffusion Over Hills.
Final rept. 1 Sep 76-31 Aug 77,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Geosci-
ences.
S. P. S. Arya, and J. C. R. Hunt. Sep 79,39p EPA/600/
4-79/053
Grant EPA-R-804653
Fluid Modeling Report No. 5. Prepared in cooperation
with Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Applied
Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.
This research program was initiated with the overall
objectives of gaining a better understanding of flow
and diffusion of pollutants in complex terrain under
both neutral and stably stratified conditions, providing
a sound data base for testing existing theories, and de-
veloping new theories of flow and diffusion around iso-
lated hills and ridges. To this end, experiments were
conducted with models of a bell shaped hill and a 2-D
steep ridge in EPA's meteorological wind tunnel and
salt-water stratified towing tanks. Measurements were
made of the flow structure, as well as the concentra-
tion patterns around the hills due to point sources lo-
cated at different heights and positions relative to the
hills.
Keywords: Air flow, Atmospheric diffusion, Hills, Topo-
graphic features, Turbulent flow, Steady flow, Froude
number, Air pollution, 'Atmospheric dispersion.
PB80-112089 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Portland Cement Industry,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Kris W. Barrett. Oct 78, 83p* MTR-7982, EPA/450/3-
79/01 2
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perfjortn-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart F - pon'™' ,
Cement Plants. It includes a summary of the curren
standards, the status of current applicable cornrui
technology, and the ability of plants to meet the cur
rent standards. No changes to the existing sianaa"
ate recommended, but EPA should continue evalua-
tion of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide controls wi in o
view toward incorporating these emissions under
scope of the standard at a later date.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Port;
land cements, 'Industrial wastes, "Reviews, Tecnno«
ogy, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Sources, "?9""J
tions, Trends, Particles, Opacity, Economics, Air P°'
lution abatement, 'Stationary sources, 'New sourw
performance standards, Best technology.
PB80-112162 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i"
angle Park, NC.
„. _,_.
Quality Sim
,
Systematic Sensitivity Analysis of Air
ulatlon Models. Final rept. Jan-Dec 78,
Science Applications, Inc., Pleasanton, CA. .
Robert J. Gelinas, and J. Peter Vajk. May 79, 107p
EPA/600/4-79/035
Contract EPA-68-02-2942
This report reviews and assesses systematic se.nslrVn
ty and uncertainty analysis methods for applications vj
air quality simulation models. The discussion .<* *"r
candidate methods presents their basic variaDie»-
mathematical foundations, user motivations and pr«»
erences, computer implementation properties, an
costs (including both human and computer resourjn{;
Both deterministic and sampling methods have DOB"
evaluated. Deterministic methods include the tirrw-
and user-honored method of arbitrary pararne Mr ff] L
justments by trial and error, variational methods, ana
newly formulated Green's function method (>°r .""A
°
.
ics systems only). Sampling methods include M°"}°
Carlo sampling of the outputs of air quality mo°8'? if
compute variances and a Fourier analysis metnoa u
sampling model outputs to compute expectaw
values of sensitivity coefficients.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sen-
sitivity, Errors, Calculus of variations, Greens h"101!?;^
Fourier analysis, Monte Carlo method, Computer p?f
gramming, Variational methods, Independent vann
bles, Sensitivity analysis.
PB80-112170 PCA20/MFAOJ
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, tv-
Office of Toxic Substances. „ ....
Formulation of a Preliminary Assessment of n»jr
genated Organic Compounds In Man and Environ
mental Media. Annual rept. Nov 76-Dec 78, _
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NO.
Edo D. Pellizzari, Mitchell D. Erickson, and R. A.
Zweidinger. Jul 79, 469p* EPA/560/13-79/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -4731
The comprehensive report covers the in'°rrnat£e
which has been gathered on this program during '"°
past year. A model is developed for making a comp»"
ative assessment of halogenated organics in man an"
environmental media. This comprehensive repo"
punctuates the first phase of the program.
Keywords: 'Halohydrocarbons, 'Toxicology,
ment, Measurement, Occurrence, Biochemistry, tjjj
mography, Meteorology, Humans, Air, Water, F00»
Tissues(Biology), Cancer, Mutagenesis, Carcinogen^
sis, 'Toxic substances.
PB80-1 12261 PC A05/MF A«1
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN. .
Survey of Larval Fish In the Michigan Waters <"
Lake Erie, 1975 and 1976. Final rept. 1975-78,
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Wat"1
Quality Div.
Ronald C. Waybrant, and John M. Shauver. Aug 79,
97p EPA/600/3-79/095
Grant EPA-R-804522
Surveys in 1975 and 1976 in the Michigan waters &
Lake Erie assessed the relative abundance and disW
772 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
°'larval fistv Seasonal fluctuations, patterns of
n, and depth preferences were noted for the
okl tish taxa identified. Special emphasis was
Miacea on four target species, walleye (Stizostedion vi-
fBurn), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), white bass
nun?"6 cnrysops) and channel catfish (Ictalurus
ttih-t u ^ °'these 4 species only yellow perch and
wniie bass were found more than occasionally. Of the
'ernaining 20 species collected during the study only 5
»we regularly captured. The northern and southern
jwemes of the study area held many more fish than
larn ntral Porti°n- The 0- to 12-ft. depth zone had the
flnn concentrations of larval fish and concentra-
wns gradually decreased as the depth increased.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, "Intake systems,
. "nimal ecology, 'Lake Erie, Surveys, Environmental
rnna * - , ,
ruSrE?8' Entrapment, Abundance, Larvae,
F °™ution(Property), Depth, Bass. Perch, Catfishes,
tedir, power P'ants' Cooling water, Michigan, Stizos-
ir*.?n Vltreurn, Perca flavescens, Morone chrysops,
'Waiurus punctatus.
-.„,... - - Not available NTIS
jjuaiity Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution
a£n?urement Systems. Volume III. Stationary
|?u ce Specific Methods,
Trisni mental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Dam? i ark> NC- Quality Assurance Branch.
HP/I J. von Lehmden William G. DeWees, and Carl
Com011'Mav 79,404p EPA/600/4-77/027B
Pr£!ract EfiA-68-02-2725
uirp2Jed in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
"«•. Cincinnati, OH. See also Volume 1, PB-254 658.
QJJ'S Handbook includes quality assurance guidelines
narH| 'onary source emission measurements. Re-
jjr°iess of the scope and magnitude of the stationary
numh emission measurement program, there are a
Droll v °' common considerations pertinent to the
^auction of quality data. These common parameters
scussed in Section 3.0 of Volume III and include
' assurance guidelines in the areas of: (1) plan-
^ test program; (2) general factors in stationary
"sting; (3) chain-of custody procedure; and (4)
ty protocol for gases used for continuous
co . -.- — nission monitors. The remainder of Volume III
lino. ,n? Pollutant-specific quality assurance guide-
kS Initially Volume III includes guidelines for the fol-
!(,,„ | Pollutant-specific measurement systems: Sec-
ernite' Method 6 - determination of sulfur dioxide
Meiw!n! frorn stationary sources, Section 3.6
frnm ? " determination of nitrogen oxide emissions
d«T stat'onary sources, and Section 3.7 Method 8 -
fr!!?r™nation of sulfuric acid mist and sulfur dioxide
r6JTJstationary sources. Source testers and managers
fiente ? for stationary source emission measure-
8urari Volume III useful in planning quality as-
s: "Quality assurance, 'Handbooks, 'Gas
' Guidelines, Chemical analysis, Air pollution,
CorT96" °*ides, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Sources,
Ona^?ntration(Composition), Sampling, Velocity,
LalWT Sites' Flow rate. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen,
e, Moisture content, 'Stationary
our- , ,
Minn c?' Air Pollution detection, Air pollution sam-
'"9. Selective ion electrodes.
3 1 1 PC A99/MF A0 1
anni Eal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
pn9lePark,NC.
M>n?e<"n9*: Second Conference on Water Heat
ci'^Oement and Utilization Held at Miami Beach,
MiamM n D«cember 1978, Volume 1,
EnaE, niv- Coral Gables, FL Dept. of Mechanical
S Steering.
600/9%e' and Subrata Sengupta. Aug 79, 634p EPA/
tor?nrvired in Part bV Department of Energy, Washing-
ton' rJS'1 Nuc'ear Regulatory Commission, Washing-
Vo'rC-. and Florida Power and Light Co. See also
v°iurne2,PB80-li2329.
diirLprocead'n9s document most presentations made
™ the Second Conference on Waste Heat Man-
and Utilization, held December 4-6, 1978, at
are« Beach, FL. Presentations were grouped by
mortar coricem'- general, utilization, mathematical
Cji™"n8, ecological effects, cooling tower plumes,
lakBo towers, cogeneration, cooling systems, cooling
and '/ecovery systems, aquatic thermal discharges,
"'atmospheric effects. Causes, effects, prediction,
•winoring, utilization, and abatement of thermal dis-
charges were represented. Utilization was of prime im-
portance because of increased awareness that waste
neat is a valuable resource. Cogeneration and recov-
ery systems were added to reflect this emphasis.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Meetings, Manage-
ment planning, Cooling towers, Biomass, Forests,
Soils, Industrial plants, Irrigation, Residential buildings,
Plumes, Oxygen, Aquacuiture, Transportation, Electric
power plants, Ponds, Fisheries, Heat recovery, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Dissolved gases, Food industry,
Assessments, Mathematical models, Nuclear power
plants, Heat transfer, Storage, Estuaries, Cost analy-
sis, Ecology, Fuels, 'Waste heat utilization, 'Thermal
pollution, Soil warming, Waste water reuse, Water pol-
lution abatement.
PB80-112329 PCA99/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Second Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization Held at Miami Beach,
Florida In December 1978, Volume 2,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
S. S. Lee, and Subrata Sengupta. Aug 79, 639p EPA/
600/9-79/031B
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washing-
ton, DC., and Florida Power and Light Co. See also
Volume 1.PB80-112311.
The proceedings document most presentations made
during the Second Conference on Waste Heat Man-
agement and Utilization, held December 4-6, 1978, at
Miami Beach, FL. Presentations were grouped by
areas of concern: general, utilization, mathematical
modeling, ecological effects, cooling tower plumes,
cooling towers, cogeneration, cooling systems, cooling
lakes, recovery systems, aquatic thermal discharges,
and atmospheric effects. Causes, effects, prediction,
monitoring, utilization, and abatement of thermal dis-
charges were presented. Utilization was of prime im-
portance because of increased awareness that waste
heat is a valuable resource. Cogeneration and recov-
ery systems were added to reflect this emphasis.
Keywords: 'Energy conservation, 'Meetings, 'Man-
agement planning, Mathematical models, Cooling sys-
tems, Missouri River, Evaporation, Cooling towers,
Sea grasses, Regulations, Thermal recovery methods,
Field tests, Nuclear power plants, Cost analysis, Stor-
age, Industrial wastes, Electric power plants, Substi-
tutes, Diffusion, Monitoring, Plumes, Performance
evaluation, Economics, Lakes, Ponds, Comparison,
'Waste heat utilization, 'Thermal pollution, 'Water
pollution abatement. Wet methods, Dry methods,
Steam power plants, Water pollution effects(Plants),
Air-water interfaces.
PB80-112337 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Beta Gauge Operation Manual. Final rept. Aug 76-
May 79,
Brower Electronics Labs., Raleigh, NC,
Joe Seibert, and Tom Sager. Aug 79,38p EPA/600/2-
79/167
Contract EPA-68-02-2431
This manual provides description and operating in-
structions for a redesigned Beta Gauge for measuring
particles from vehicle exhaust. The improvements and
a new control system including a control unit which is
radically different from the prior unit, are described.
Complete Beta Gauge operating instructions for Fed-
eral Test Cycles are included as well as set up and
calibration procedures. A trouble shooting guide com-
pletes the manual with instructions for locating prob-
lems. The overall improvements provide (1) all neces-
sary and computation of algorithms for automatic sam-
pling and (2) processing of the variables to compute
the final paniculate emission rate in grams per kilome-
ter. The instrument also has a single mode operation
for sampling from sources with various concentration
levels.
Keywords: 'Beta spectrometers, Manuals, Air pollu-
tion, Radiation counters, Measuring instruments,
Mass, Particles, 'Air pollution monitors, Air pollution
sampling, Mobile pollutant sources.
PB80-112345 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Development of an Emission Inventory Quality
Assurance Program. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
David W. Armentrout. Jun 79, 56p EPA/450/4-79/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2585
This report discusses quality assurance in general and
quality assurance related to emission inventories spe-
cifically. The inventory process is discussed in terms of
its procedural elements. Typical error types and reme-
dies are discussed. A suggested approach for devel-
oping a quality assurance program for emission inven-
tories is given.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, *Air pollution, Error
analysis, Assessments, Management planning, 'Emis-
sion inventories, 'Air quality, Procedures.
PB80-112386 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Preclpltators for Collection of High
Resistivity Ash. Final rept. Nov 76-Jan 79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
D. H. Pontius, P. V. Bush, and W. B. Smith. Aug 79,
189p EPA/600/7-79/189
Contract EPA-68-02-2193
The report gives results of a research program to: (1)
compare various electrode systems for charging fine
high-resistivity dusts; (2) investigate techniques for
charging the dusts in a high current density corona
system; (3) perform a laboratory scale feasibility study
of selected charging systems; and (4) design, fabn-
cate, and test a 0.47 cu m/sec (1000 acfm) pilot-scale
precharger for application to a two-stage system for
electrostatic precipitation of high resistivity particu-
lates. A literature review of previous attempts to con-
trol back corona caused by high resistivity dusts, and
limited theoretical and experimental investigations:
eliminated the impracticable and evaluated potentially
useful approaches to the development of charging
systems for high resistivity dust, and resulted in the
derivation of a new three-electrode particle pre-
charger, upon which further developments were
based. The three-electrode concept, tested in a small
laboratory device, charged high resistivity dusts to
levels achievable only on low and moderate resistivity
dusts in conventional systems. Charging results re-
mained good for a pilot scale system designed, built,
and tested at a gas volume flowrate of 0.47 cu m/sec.
A rugged version of the pilot scale precharger was
tested as a part of a two-stage system, where the col-
lector was a modified pilot scale ESP. The new tech-
nique has economic potential.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Ashes, 'Dust collectors, Labora-
tory equipment, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Coro-
nas, Feasibility, Particles, Design, Performance eval-
uation, Economic analysis, Electrical resistivity, Com-
parison.
PB80-112394 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Superior Entralnment Separatora.
Final rept. Oct 76-Mar 79,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Seymour Calvert, and Harry F. Barbarika. Aug 79,163p
EPA/600/7-79/180
Contract EPA-68-02-2184
An experimental and theoretical program was carried
out to develop an improved design for entrainment
separators for scrubbers. The problems of separation
efficiency, suspended solids deposition and plugging
of the entrainment separator were of primary concern.
A pilot scale entrainment separator (E.S.) coupled to a
scrubber and designed to handle a nominal gas flow
rate of 1.4 cu m/s (3,000 ACFM) was designed, built
and tested. Vertical discontinuous, zigzag baffles was
the E.S. design selected after a review of both theory
and practicar experience with slurry scrubbers. The
effect of E.S. performance on paniculate emissions of
a typical fossil-fueled boiler was evaluated. The experi-
mental program included measurements of entrain-
ment size distribution and loading, entrainment collec-
tion efficiency, solids deposition character and rate,
and E.S. washing efficiency. Results were compared
December 1983 773
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with available models and new criteria for effective
washing were developed.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Separa-
tors, "Scrubbers, Pilot plants, Design, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particle size, Slurries, Particle size distribution, Deposi-
tion, Washing. "Entrapment separators.
PB80-112659 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Assessment of Manufacturers' Capabilities to
Meet Requirements for Control of Emissions of
Sulfur Dioxide, Partlculate Matter, and Nitrogen
Oxides from Industrial Boilers. Final rept.
Industrial Gas Cleaning Inst, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
Oct79, 155p* EPA/450/5-79/011
Contract EPA-68-02-2532
The report reviews the capabilities of manufacturers of
air pollution control equipment to produce sufficient
numbers of control devices for new industrial boilers
with heat inputs greater than 2.9 MW thermal, should
regulations be promulgated. The report covers the
period 1981 to 1995. The supply of flue gas desulfuri-
zation systems will be inadequate if controls are re-
quired on small boilers. The supply of systems to con-
trol particulate matter emissions, however, should be
satisfactory. The industry providing systems to treat ni-
trogen oxides in flue gas is poorly developed and ap-
parently could not supply enough systems for all indus-
trial boilers. Limited data are available about combus-
tion modification for nitrogen oxide control, but the
combustion modification industry appears abler than
the flue gas treatment industry to meet a demand for
more stringent control of nitrogen oxide emissions.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Air pollution control, Aerosols,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Forecasting, Flue gas
desuifurization.
PB80-112691 PCA03/MFA01
Non-Point Source-Stream Nutrient Level Rela-
tionships: A Nationwide Study. Supplement 1: Nu-
trient Map Reliability. Final rept.,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Theodore R. McDowell, and James M. Omernik. Sep
79,38p EPA/600/3-79/103
See also report dated Sep 77, PB-276 600.
The National Eutrophlcation Survey (NES) national
maps of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus
concentrations in streams were evaluated for applica-
bility and reliability. Interpretations on these maps
which were based on data from 928 sampling sites as-
sociated with non-point source watersheds and the re-
lationships of these data to general land use, and other
macro-watershed characteristics, were compared with
a nationwide set of non-point source stream nutrient
data collected largely by the U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS). In most areas where comparisons could be
made the mapped interpretations agreed relatively
well with USGS data. Revised reliability map insets
based on these analyses are provided for maps of total
nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Nitrogen, "Streams, "Water
pollution, Surveys, Nutrients, Land use,
Concentration(Composition), Soils, Watersheds,
Runoff, Urban areas, Drainage, Agriculture, Forest
land, Tables
catchments in the eleven cities. Rainfall-runoff data ,
have been assembled for 22 more catchments inart
additional 14 cities. The 25 cities contain data fowa
total of 47 catchments. Descriptions of the catcn-
ments, parameters and sampling procedures are pro-
vided in this report. Actual data have been placed on a
magnetic tape and are also being placed on the crfl
STORET data retrieval system. This report also in-
cludes a statistical analysis of data from all catch-
ments that include quality sampling.
Keywords: "Surface water runoff, "Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Data acquisition, Surveys, Combined
sewers, Storm sewers, Rainfall, Catch basins, Over-
flows, Punched cards, Magnetic tapes, Statistical data,
Data storage, Storms, Tables(Data), Sampling, Hydrol-
ogy, "Urban hydrology, "Storm water runoff, Data
bases, Water quality data.
PB80-113400 PC A05/MF AOl
Alrbone Laser Fluorosenslng of Surface Water
Chlorophyll 'a'. Interim rept. Jan 76-Aug 78,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
M. Bristow, D. Nielsen, R. Furtek, and J. Baker. Aug 79,
79p EPA/600/4-79/048
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
A prototype airborne laser fluorosensor for monitoring
surface water chlorophyll 'a' has been tested over
Lake Mead, Nevada. Trends in the remotely sensed
data are in close correspondence with ground truth
data. It is suggested that system performance can be
improved by concurrently gauging the water optical at-
tenuation coefficient and by implementing changes to
the established procedure for performing chlorophyH
'a' analyses on ground truth samples.
Keywords: "Chlorophylls, "Water pollution, Remote
sensing, Lake Mead, Surface waters, Aerial surveys,
Opticar equipment, Attenuation, Field tests, Ground
water, Raman spectroscopy, Laboratory equipment
Nutrients, Concentration(Compositiqn), Cyanophyta,
Fluorescence, Algae, Revisions, Design, Performance
evaluation, Nevada, "Water pollution sampling, "Laser
induced fluorescence.
PB80-113459 PCA12/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
774 Vol. 83, NO. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
jjjj! f*5 "on/Treatment of Combined Sewer Over-
r, ' - -
Prsni TV lnd pere Engineers, Inc., Syracuse,
MacArtK nwin9' Arthur J. Oliver, Dwight A,
800/2 !78/iand PetSr E' Moff8' A"9 79' P
1971-1978,
NY.
Mathematical models, 'User charges, 'Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes.
P EPA/
eva|,r*9"8e demonstration program was designed to
Se«/Ar n. 4. rate disinfection/treatment of Combined
of hhh . rtlows- The study covered field evaluations
unit nrn treatmem and disinfection by the following
vices moval efficiencies to hydraulic and solid load-
Sfa I«H 'and tne results are presented in the reports.
traatate'lpelforniance models were developed for the
tor «IH efficiency of the swirl regulator/concentra-
.-„ -. I regulator/concentra-
"iaia» i !? reported. Capital and operating cost esti-
tion/Ln cated tnat solids removal via swirl regula-
was thi ,centration 'ollowed by disinfection by chlorine
°s me least expensive.
oo: Combined sewers, 'Overflows, "Disinfec-
Run'n« 7*.a9e treatment, "Urban areas, Equipment,
PhaW £hlorine. Chlorine oxides, Adenosine phos-
tten PHI • eot°rs, Comparison, Performance evalua-
tion m,Slency, Removal, Mathematical models, Purifi-
Naw Vnp08'estimates, Operating costs, Field tests,
sVacuse(M ne oxide'CIO2>' 'Suspended solids,
PC A08/MF A01
il Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Orson!? £ttluent Disposal for the City of Bend,
JoiST.!"vironmental impact statement rept.
100 stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
•1RO"" 9-79/063
with Culp/Wesner/Culp, El
""w 6 Lul end| Oregon has proposed to construct a
ment n£ ™n aallons per day (mgd) secondary treat-
on ava to rePlace the present facility which treats
ual. 588 ol 0-5 mad. The maiority of domestic
>sed of through septic tanks
holes or drill holes. These
, K.rri3r"' we"8 nave been declared a potential
.w co', a|tp hazard because they create a potential
Which "lamination of domestic water supply wells
«' are numerous in the area.
*Ufhl°rds-' 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewage disposal,
*" if eas' Ground water, Environmental impacts,
ni , ,
Statute., kLavas' Proposals, Septic tanks, Licenses,
perrnL«i:,,.Public health. Ground water, Water table,
Bender llty' Land use, Odors, Bacteria, Oregon,
^'Stand90 Sewage treatment plants, Water pollu-
_ PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
of User Charges on Management of
"H Solid Waste. Final rept.,
•..^M. nc., Princeton, NJ.
eOo/5.aw;OOB William N- Lanan- Au9 79- 187P EPA/
C°ntractEPA-68-03-2634
A basic
theDriALpr?Position of economic theory is that when
the n, ,= .?'a 9°°d increases, other things being equal,
somrftity of that good purchased will decrease. For
relation"!8 now, economists have suggested that this
•wirSi k p between price and quantity should be con-
«NlcioM y P°"cymakers and solid waste managers for
Prtcinri / mana9ement of solid waste. The effects of
*Mte r,;P' cnanges in quantity, composition of the
and^Jjp'lected, Impacts on resource recovery, litter,
five (S°nomic efficiency) are empirical results from
- lnl communities having several forms of user
s: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Contracted serv-
Ecor,nmV8enold8' Communities, Demand(Economics),
lc"nlc analysis, Econometrics, Economic models,
PB80-113566 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy from the West: Impact Analysis Report
Volume I: Introduction and Summary. Final rept.
Jul 75-Oct 79,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Chartock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha W. Gilliland. Mar 79,
185p* EPA/600/7-79/082A
Contract EPA-68-01 -1916
See also Volume 2, PB80-113574.
This document reports the results of impact analyses
conducted as a part of a three-year technology as-
sessment of the development of six energy resources
(coal, geothermal, natural gas, oil, oil shale and urani-
um) in eight western states (Arizona, Colorado, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah
and Wyoming) during the period 1975-2000. Volume I
describes the purpose and conduct of the study and
summarizes both site-specific and regional impact
analysis results.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Natural gas, 'Crude oil, 'Oil shale,
'Uranium, Environmental impacts, Land use, Ecology,
Employment, Social effect, Arizona, Colorado, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Population growth,
Economic impact, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming,
Forecasting, 'Energy source development, 'Geother-
mal energy, 'Petroleum, Western Region(United
States).
PB80-113574 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy .from the West: Impact Analysis Report.
Volume II: Site-Specific and Regional Impact Anal-
yses. Final rept. Jul 75-Oct 79,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Irvin L. White, Michael A. Chartock, R. Leon Leonard,
Steven C. Ballard, and Martha W. Gilliland. Mar 79,
991 p' EPA/600/7-79/082B
Contract EPA-68-01-1916
See also Volume 1, PB80-113566.
This document reports the results of Impact analyses
conducted as a part of a three-year technology as-
sessment of the development of six energy resources
(coal, geothermal, natural gas, oil, oil shale and urani-
um) in eight western states (Arizona, Colorado, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah
and Wyoming) during the period 1975-2000. In Volume
II, six chapters report on the analysis of the likely Im-
pacts of deploying typical energy resource develop-
ment technologies at sites representative of the kinds
of conditions likely to be encountered in the eight-state
study area. A seventh chapter describes-other local
impacts which might occur; and a final chapter reports
the results of regional impacts.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Natural gas, 'Crude oil, 'Oil shale,
'Uranium, Environmental impacts. Land use, Ecology,
Employment, Social effect, Arizona, Colorado, Mon-
tana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Population growth,
Economic impact, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming,
Forecasting, 'Energy source development, 'Geother-
mal energy, 'Petroleum, Western Regk>n(United
States).
PB80-113582 PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Analysis of Cancer Ratee In Primary
Organic Chemical-Producing Counties. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Amy J. Cross, and G. Bruce Wiersma. Jun 79,32p'
EPA/600/1-79/022
The study is designed to determine whether there is an
association between cancer mortality and the produc-
tion of environmental carcinogens. Mortality rates of
counties containing organic chemical production facili-
ties are compared to rates of control counties. Twelve
different cancer sites In lung, stomach, etc., and eight
organic carcinogens were considered. Although a rig-
orous statistical analysis was not conducted, for most
cancer sites mortality rates were found to be higher in
counties of organic carcinogen production than in con-
trol counties. The study aids In the development of sta-
tistical techniques for determining the contribution of
environmental contaminants to the rise in cancer
rates. Research of this type assists In the identification
of compounds that need to be regulated.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Mortality, 'Malignant neo-
plasms. Counties, Ecology, Demography, Organic
compounds, Chemical compounds, Epidemiology,
Manufacturing.
PB80-113624 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Application of Germanium Detectors to Environ-
mental Monitoring. Research rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Environmental Planning.
Dale W. Nix, Robert P. Powers, and Larry G. Kanipe.
Mar 79,131pTVA/EP-79/06, EPA/600/7-79/054
Gamma-ray spectroscopy is one of the most economi-
cal and wide-ranging tools for monitoring the environ-
ment for radiological impact. This report examines the
problems involved in applying germanium detectors to
the analysis of environmental samples. All aspects of
germanium spectroscopy-equipment, system installa-
tion, quality control, energy and efficiency calibration,
spectral analysis, analytical sensitivities, and cost con-
siderations-are surveyed. Germanium detectors can
be used to achieve analytical sensitivities of less than
10 pCi/l (for water) for most radionuclides, often at a
confidence level of 95 percent. Germanium detectors
should be used to analyze environmental samples that
may contain a complex mixture of radionuclides or un-
known components because the resolution offered by
germanium detectors is unexcelled in these applica-
tions. However, use of germanium detectors may not
always be as economical as use of sodium iodide
(NalfTI)) detectors.
Keywords: 'Gamma ray spectroscopy, Radiation
measuring instruments, Gamma spectrometers, Per-
formance evaluation, Quality assurance, Calibrating,
Sensitivity, Cost analysis, *Ge semiconductor detec-
tors, High-purity Ge detectors, Li-drifted Ge detectors,
Radiation monitoring, Radiation monitors.
PB80-113632 PCA06/MFA01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of European Rivers for Power Plant
Cooling - A Polish Research Project. Final rept,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,
Warsaw (Poland).
Mieczyslaw Gadkowsk), and Bruce A. Tichenor. Jul 79,
112pEPA/600/3-79/072
The report describes analytical, laboratory, and field
research conducted to optimize the use of rivers, spe-
cifically in Poland, for once-through cooling of steam
electric power plants. Maximum discharge and receiv-
ing water temperatures, based on biological criteria,
are coupled with natural flow and temperature vari-
ations to determine acceptable flow/temperature re-
gimes for streams over an annual cycle. Controllable
variables, such as repair schedules, reserve capacity,
power plant size, hybrid cooling system size and oper-
ation, and low flow augmentation via reservoirs, are
evaluated as mechanisms to modify electrical power
output. The acceptable temperature/flow regimes in
streams are then compared to various power system
configurations and schedules to optimize the annual
generation of electric power.
Keywords: 'Cooling systems, 'Electric power plants,
•Rivers, 'Thermal pollution, 'Stream flow, Field tests,
Optimization, Temperature, Mathematical models, Ac-
ceptability, Flow rate, Specifications, Environmental
Impacts, Fishes, Oxygen, Poland, 'Foreign technolo-
gy, Low flow augmentation, BETA model.
PBM-113657 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Impact of Future Diesel Emissions on the Air
Quality of Large Cities. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
Roy A. Paul. May 79,228p EPA/450/5-79/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2585
The impact of diesel-powered vehicles in the central
business districts of New York, Chicago and Los Ange-
December 1983 775
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, *Heat recovery,
'Boilers, 'Incinerators, Refuse disposal, Sewage dis-
posal, Sludge disposal, District heating, Electric power
generation, Materials handling, Ashes, Air pollution
control, Design, Reviews, Reviewing, Technology as-
sessments, Europe, 'Foreign technology, Incineration,
Municipal wastes, Solid wastes, Sewage sludge, Dis-
trict cooling, Waste heat utilization, State of the art.
PB80-115330 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume V: Werdenberg-
Llechtensteln Plant, Buchs, St. Gallon, Switzer-
land,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979, 69p* EPA/SW-176C.5
Contract EPA-68-01 -4376
See also Volumes 2, 3, and 4, PB80-115322 and
Volume 6, PB80-115348.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery,
•Boilers, 'Incinerators, Refuse disposal, Sewage dis-
posal, Sludge disposal, District heating, Electric power
generation, Materials handling, Design, Performance,
Economic analysis, Cost analysis, Fixed Investment,
Technology assessment, Reviews, Reviewing,
Europe, Switzerland, 'Foreign technology, Inciner-
ation, Municipal wastes, Solid wastes, Pollution control
equipment, Sewage sludge, State of the art, Waste
heat utilization, Buchs(Switzerland).
PB80-115348 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume VI: Horsens
Refuse Fired Heating and Sludge Drying Plant,
Horsena, Denmark,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979.75p' EPA/SW-176C.6
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 5, PB80-115330 and Volume 7,
PB80-115355.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits]
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Heat recovery,
Boilers, Incinerators, Refuse disposal, District heating,
Materials handling, Design, Economic analysis, Cost
analysis, Technology assessment, Reviews, Review-
ing, Europe, Denmark, Sludge disposal, Sewage dis-
posal, 'Foreign technology, Incineration, Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes. Pollution control equipment,
Waste heat utilization, State of the art,
Horsens(Denmark), Sewage sludge.
PB80-115355 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume VII: Uppsala
Plant, Sweden,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,94p* EPA/SW-176C.7
Contract EPA-68-01 -4376
See also Volume 6, PB80-115346 and Volume 8,
PBBO-115363.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Heat recvery, Boil-
ers, Incinerators, Refuse disposal, District heating,
Electric power generation, Materials handling, Design,
Performance, Cost analysis, Economic analysis, Oper-
ating costs, Revenue, Financing, Technology assess-
ment, Reviews, Reviewing, Europe, Sweden, 'Foreign
technology, Incineration, Municipal wastes, Solid
wastes, Pollution control equipment, Waste heat utili-
zation, State of the art, Uppsala(Sweden).
PB80-115363 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume VIII: Zurich: Ha-
genholz, Switzerland,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,150p* EPA/SW-176C.8
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 7, PB80-115355 and Volume 9,
PB80-115371.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text Is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Heat recovery,
Refuse disposal, Boilers, Incinerators, District heating,
Electric power generation, Materials handling, Esthet-
ics, Design, Materials recovery, Reclamation, Recy-
cling, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Performance,
Technology assessment, Reviews, Reviewing,
Europe, Switzerland, 'Foreign technology, Municipal
wastes, Incineration, Solid wastes, Pollution control
equipment, Waste heat utilization, State of the art,
Process heat, Zurich(Switzerland).
PB80-115371 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume IX: Gothenburg-
Savanas Plant, Sweden,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,74p' EPA/SW-176C.9
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 8, PB80-115363 and Volume 10,
PB80-115389.
Also available in set of 17 reports, PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Heat recovery,
Refuse disposal, Industrial wastes, District heating,
Materials handling, Design, Performance, Economic
analysis, Revenue, Technology assessment, Reviews,
Reviewing, Europe, Sweden, 'Foreign technology,
Municipal wastes, Solid wastes, Pollution control
equipment, Waste heat utilization,
Gothenburg(Sweden), State of the art.
PB80-115389 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume X: The Hague
Refuae Fired Power Plant, The Hague, Nether-
lands,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,74p' EPA/SW-176C.10
Contract EPA-68-01-4376 , , „„ 11
See also Volume 9, PB80-115371 and Volume .
PB80-115397. oB80-
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, ro°
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of te
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the e'(Periei"°e?Q,rtiSa
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The tew .
compilation of the data obtained during visits »
major European refuse fired energy systems ana v
to systems vendors, government agencies ana u
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, *Heat..
Refuse disposal, Boilers, Incinerators, Electric_l
generation, Materials handling, Design, Pe"0""*"^
Economic analysis, Cost analysis, Technology ,88?por.
ment, Reviews, Reviewing, Europe, Netherlands, <-? _
eign technology, Municipal wastes, Solid w88'88^.
lution control equipment, Waste heat utilization, =»»
of the art, The Hague(Netherlands).
PB80-115397 PC A?4',™ DC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, ^
Off ice of Solid Waste. e««iua-
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: »»»,
tlon of Design Practices. Volume XI: Co-Dlspo*-
Refuse and Sewage Sludge Plants, Dlepp* •"
Deauvllle, France,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. . aM,
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip "»"•*•
1979,62p* EPA/SW-176C.11
Contract EPA-68-01-4376 12,
See also Volume 10, PB80-115389 and Volume
PB80-115405.
Also available In set of 17 reports PC E99,
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes o( tj»
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the sxP6"9'!?9?,^* Is 8
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The tew .. g
compilation of the data obtained during visits.'". |,8
major European refuse fired energy systems ana vi
to systems vendors, government agencies anfl o
plants.
'Heat
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal,
Refuse disposal, Sewage disposal, Sludge disp
Incinerators, Boilers, Materials handling, Pes5n'hnol-
formance, Economic analysis, Cost analysis. Tec'L-er
ogy assessment, Reviews, Reviewing, tul"Kj.
France, 'Foreign technology, Municipal wastes, m<<
eration, Solid wastes, Pollution control equ«»"".
Sewage sludge, Waste heat utilization, State of tne *
Dieppe(France), Deauville(France).
PB80-115405 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, "-
Office of Solid Waste. ..„,.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: evw»
tlon of Design Practices. Volume XII: Cop*"11"
gen: Amager, Denmark,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. D ...
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip °ew"
1979,124p* EPA/SW-176C.12
Contract EPA-68-01 -4376 < 3
See also Volume 11, PB80-115397 and Volume
PB80-115413. 0(,80.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, HP"
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes olIt*
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences °'|ga
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The tew ^ j
compilation of the data obtained during visits ."Lag
major European refuse fired energy systems and vij»
to systems vendors, government agencies and °«
plants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Heat
•Refuse disposal, Boilers, Incinerators, District
ing, Electric power generation, Materials t1811'
Design, Performance, Economic analysis, Cost an"'
sis, Technology assessment, Reviews, Review"JJ|
Europe, Denmark, 'Foreign technology, Mun*»Kj
wastes, Incineration, Solid wastes, Pollution con"
equipment. Waste heat utiliraW"
Copenhagen(Denmark), State of the art.
778 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PCA08/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
.
««!?p?£n Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
«on of Design Practice. Volume XIII: Copenhagen:
22« .Denmark,
°f«elle Columbus Labs ,,OH.
nicnartj B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beta.
On ?' 167J?* EPA/SW-176C.13
Contract fpA-68-01 -4376
P me 12' PB8°-115405 and Volume 14,
in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
and 8y.a!u.atior>' which consists of two volumes of text
Eurnl p reports, analyzes the experiences of the
cnn?,P?aps wit" waste to energy systems. The text is a
maiJP l"on of the data obtained during visits to 15
te £ .Eur°Pean refuse fired energy systems and visits
Plarrts vandors' government agencies and other
4 *Solld waste disposal, *Heat recovery,
B,dlsP°sal' Boil9rs. Incinerators, District heating,
. s Dandling, Design, Performance, Economic
rfi1 X°st analysis, Technology assessment, Re-
!' Reviewing, Europe, Denmark, 'Foreign technol-
ELMunic|Pal wastes, Solid wastes, Incineration, Pol-
Oon2ni5ontro1 equipment, Waste heat utilization,
^openhagenfDenmark), State of the art.
&!3£118481 PCA04/MFA01
Ofllceornsntal Protection A9°ncy, Washington, DC.
«on°p?5.n R«'u»e Fired Energy System*: Evalua-
ltUJi 9**'Bn Practices. Volume XIV: Krefeld Co-
8.Pla'rt' Krrtrtd, West Germany,
bus Labs., OH.
dahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
.
68-01-4376
e 13, PB8
in set of 17 reports PC E99. PB80-
--
p|g0™80 Volume 13, PB80-1 15413 and Volume 15,
The
and iXaluation' wnion consists of two volumes of text
Euron p rsPorts. analyzes the experiences of the
wit" waste to energy systems. The text is a
rnaiorcOl tne data obtained during visits to 15
to JJLj1 uropean refuse fired energy systems and visits
Wants vendors' government agencies and other
nBn,. .. "Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery,
tion ci °!8P°sal, Sludge drying, Electric power genera-
'orrnan 9e disposal, Materials handling, Design, Per-
" ance Boilers, Incinerators, Economic analysis,
'sis, Technology assessment, Reviews, Re-
"tunir-f; f Ur°Pe. West Germany, "Foreign technology,
eonhSP™ W£|stes. Solid wastes, Incineration, Pollutron
"-n * e.auiPment, Sewage sludge, Waste heat utiliza-
"• Krefeld(West Germany), State of the art.
mariy
PC A04/MF A01
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
2.**1?" Practices. Volume XV: Wuppertal
e<* Power Plant< Wuppertal, West Ger-
Eni>dahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
EPA/SW-176C.15
Volume 14, PB80-115421 and Volume 16.
l7j$0a^ailable in set of M reports PC E99, PB80-
arid ica!u.ation, which consists of two volumes of text
Euro,,; p rePorts. analyzes the experiences of the
cornijSP3 *<{fo waste to energy systems. The text is a
nwAr c o< tne data obtained during visits to 15
to 8vst£,;lopean re'use fifed energy systems and visits
=•— vendors, government agencies and other
"Solid waste disposal, *Heat recovery,
t-8P°sal, Boilers, Incinerators, Electric power
,"' Materials handling. Design, Performance,
iysis, Operating costs. Capitalized costs, Rev-
'echnology assessment, Reviews, Reviewing,
Europe, West Germany, 'Foreign technology. Munici-
pal wastes, Solid wastes, Incineration, Pollution con-
trol equipment, Waste heat utilization, WuppertalfWest
Germany), State of the art.
PB80-115447 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume XVI: Duessel-
dorf-Fllngern Plant, West Germany,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979, 90p* EPA/SW-176C.16
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 15, PB80-115439 and Volume 17,
PB80-115454.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtaned during visits to 15
major Europan refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery,
Refuse disposal, Incinerators, Boilers, District heating,
Electric power generation, Materials handling, Design,
Performance, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, Technology assessment, Reviews, Review-
Ing, Europe, West Germany, 'Foreign technology. Mu-
nicipal wastes, Solid wastes, Incineration, Pollution
control equipment, Waste heat utilization,
Duesseldorf(West Germany), State of the art,
PB80-115454 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume XVII: Baden-
Brugg Plant, furgl, Aargau, Switzerland,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
' Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,79p* EPA/SW-176C.17
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 16, PB80-115477 and Volume 18,
PB80-115462.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery.
Refuse disposal, Incinerators, Boilers, Electric power
generation, Materials handling, Design, Performance,
Cost analysis, Operating costs, Capitalized costs,
Technology assessment, Reviews, Reviewing,
Europe, Switzerland, Municipal wastes. Solid wastes.
Incineration, Pollution control equipment, Waste heat
utilization, Baden(Switzerland), Brugg(Switzerland),
State of the art.
PB80-115462 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume XVIII: Paris Issy-
Les Moullneaux, France,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,94p* EPA/SW-176C.18
Contract EPA-68-01 -4376
See also Volume 17, PB80-115454 and Volume 19,
PB80-115470.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC £99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery,
Refuse disposal, Boilers, Incinerators, Electric power
generation, District heating, Materials handling,
Design, Performance, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Technology assessment, Reviews,
Reviewing, Europe, France, Foreign technology, Mu-
nicipal wastes, Solid wastes, Pollution control equip-
ment, Waste heat utilization, Paris(France), State of
the art.
PB80-115470 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
European Refuse Fired Energy Systems: Evalua-
tion of Design Practices. Volume XIX: Hamburg:
Stelllnger Moor, West Germany,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard B. Engdahl, Jacques Dartoy, and Philip Beltz.
1979,105p* EPA/SW-176C.19
Contract EPA-68-01-4376
See also Volume 18, PB80-115462.
Also available in set of 17 reports PC E99, PB80-
115306.
The evaluation, which consists of two volumes of text
and 15 trip reports, analyzes the experiences of the
Europeans with waste to energy systems. The text is a
compilation of the data obtained during visits to 15
major European refuse fired energy systems and visits
to systems vendors, government agencies and other
plants.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Heat recovery,
Refuse disposal, Boilers, Incinerators, Electric power
generation, Materials handling, Design, Performance,
Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Technology assessment, Reviews, Reviewing,
Europe, west Germany, "Foreign technology, Munici-
pal wastes, Solid wastes, Incineration, Pollution con-
trol equipment, Waste heat utilization, Hamburg(West
Germany), State of the art.
PB80-115686 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1978.
Volume 1. Ohio River Basin. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78,
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
Aug 79,395p USGS/WRD/HD-79-048, USGS/WDR/
OH-78-1
See also report dated May 78, PB-283 551, and
Volume 2, PB80-115694.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground-water wells. This report in two volumes
contains records for water discharge at 168 gaging
stations; stage and contents at 32 lakes and reser-
voirs; water quality at 58 gaging stations and 54 wells;
and water levels at 30 observatipn wells. Also included
are data for 60 crest-stage partial-record stations and
36 low-flow partial-record stations. These data repre-
sent that part of the National Water Data System col-
lected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
State and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, "Surface
waters, "Water pollution, "Ohio, Tabl9s(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
teria, Metals, Ohio River Basin, "Water quality data,
Water levels, Peak discharge, Hydrologic data.
PB80-115694 PCA10/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1978.
Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78,
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
Aug 79, 211p USGS/WRD/HD-79-049, USGS/WDR/
OH-78-2
See also report dated May 78, PB-2B3 552, and
Volume 1.PB80-115686.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground-water wells. This report in two volumes
December 1983 779
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
contains records for water discharge at 168 gaging
stations; stage and contents at 32 lakes and reser-
voirs; water quality at 58 gaging stations and 54 wells;
and water levels at 39 observation wells. Also included
are data for 60 crest-stage partial-record stations and
36 low-flow partial record stations. These data repre-
sent that part of the National Water Data System col-
lected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
State and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Ohio, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observation wells,
Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic phosphates,
Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides, Fluorides, Bac-
teria, Metals, Saint Lawrence River Basin, 'Water
quality data, Water levels, Peak discharge, Hydrologic
data.
PB80-115801 PCA05/MFA01
Symposium on Advanced Treatment of Biologi-
cally Treated Effluents Including Nutrients Re-
moval, USA/USSR (7th) Held at Moscow, USSR on
November 12-13,1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nov 79.99p
See also PB-290 996.
The seventh cooperative US/USSR symposium on the
'Advanced Treatment of Biologically Treated Effluents,
Including Nutrients Removal' was held in the Soviet
Union at the Moscow headquarters of Gosstroy on No-
vember 12th and 13th, 1978. The twelve papers that
were presented at the symposium (six US and six
USSR) are reprinted in English. Some of the subject
areas discussed in the report are: Activated carbon
treatment; sewage filtration; ozonation; waste water
use; and land application of waste water.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Waste water reuse, 'Activated sludge process,
"Meetings, Activated carbon process, Municipalities,
Disinfection, Chlorination, Sewage filtration, Oxidation,
Aeration, Cyanides, Ozone, Ion exchanging, Desalting,
Setting tanks, USSR, United States, 'Foreign technol-
ogy, Tertiary treatment.
PB80-115959 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Process Measurement Procedures: H2S04 Emis-
sions. Final rept. Jun 76-Feb 77,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. Maddalone, and N. Garner. Jul 79,49p EPA/600/7-
79/1 56
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report gives procedures to measure H2SO4 vapor
or aerosols in controlled or uncontrolled flue gas
streams. The method was designed to operate at tem-
peratures up to 250C with 3000 ppm SO2, 8-16%
H2SO4, and up to 9 g/cu m of paniculate matter. The
basis of the method is the clean separation of panicu-
late matter, H2SO4 vapor, and SO2. A heated (>250
C) quartz filter system removes the paniculate matter,
but passes most of the H2SO4 vapor to a modified
Graham condenser. There the gas is cooled to about
62 C to condense and collect the H2SO4 vapor while
passing the SO2 and H2O vapor. The condensed acid
is titrated with either NaOH using bromophenol blue in-
dicator or Ba(CIO4)2 using Sulfonazo III as the indica-
tor. The laboratory coefficient of variance is + or - 6%
and the estimated field accuracy is + or -11 %. Fly ash
on the filter was shown to reduce the recovery of
H2SO4 by 12% at the 10 ppm H2SO4 level. Field ex-
periments showed that as little as 0.1 ppm H2S04
could be detected.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Aerosols, 'Gas analysis, Air
pollution, Particles, Flue gases, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Separation, Filtration, Volumet-
ric analysis, Design, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Lab-
oratory equipment, Performance evaluation, 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB80-115967 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Implications to the Aquatic Environment of Polyn-
uclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Liberated from
Northern Great Plains Coal. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-1
Jul 78,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
Robert M. Carlson, Alan R. Oyler, Ellen Heath Gerhart,
Ronald Caple, and Kenneth J. Welch. Aug 79,170p
EPA/600/3-79/093
Grant EPA-R-803952
The effects of leaching processes upon Western Great
Plains coal was investigated to ascertain the potential
impact of the organic components on aquatic orga-
nisms. Acute and chronic toxicity testing of coal leach-
ate indicated no lipophilic fraction containing polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that might be an-
ticipated to bioaccumulate. HPLC-GC analysis indicat-
ed that the PAH content was of a comparable concen-
tration to samples obtained from Lake Superior. GC-
MS analysis of the lipophilic materials that are ab-
sorbed on the coal particulates indicated that they
were predominantly low molecular weight PAH's (i.e.,
naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, anthracenes, etc), al-
kanes, and heterocycles. Synthetic methodology was
developed to provide standard samples of alkylated
PAH's of the type observed during the MS analysis.
The biological studies on PAH's were aided by the use
of a combined HPLC-GC analysis procedure (ng/l de-
tection level) developed specifically for this program.
The biological investigation resulted in obtaining bioac-
cumulation factors in the range of 1000-5000 for sev-
eral PAH's. Selected PAH's of various structural types
were also shown to be quite susceptible to 'second-
order' anthropogenic transformations such as chlorine
disinfection.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Leaching, Vaporizing, Bioassay,
Polycyclic compounds, Synthesis(Chemistry), Min-
nows, Chlorination, Water pollution, Fathead minnows,
Rainbow trout, Daphnia pulicaria, Bioaccumulation,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB80-115975 PCA02/MFA01
Paniculate Measurement - Efficiency of Pallflex
T60A20 Filter Media. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Kevin D. Stulp. Jul 79,8p SDSB-79/22
An experiment designed to measure the efficiencies of
different lots of Pallflex T60A20 teflon-coated glass
fiber filters has been completed. Results of these tests
indicated that: (1) batch-to-batch variation of filters is
generally less than 2 percent, and (2) this media will
not satisfy the 98 percent filter efficiency requirement
on all vehicles. The test procedure specified in the
light-duty diesel paniculate NPRM requires: (1) a filter
efficiency of 98 percent, or greater efficiency and (2)
that fluorocarbon-coated glass fiber filters must be
used for testing. Some manufacturers have expressed
concern that the 98 percent filter media efficiency re-
quirement will be difficult to meet, and that there is a
significant batch-to-batch variability with this media.
Hence, a brief test program was conducted to evaluate
the significance of these concerns. Two different pro-
duction vehicles were used to evaluate batch-to-batch
variation of the above filters, and also to investigate
difficulties in meeting the 98 percent filter efficiency re-
quirement.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Filters, Glass fibers, Tetrafluor-
oetnylene resins, Performance evaluaton, Exhaust
emissions, Diesel engines,
Concentration(Composition), 'Light duty vehicles, 'Air
pollution sampling, teflon, Pallflex T60A20 resins.
PC A02/MF A01
Motorcycle Test Re-
PB80-115983
Partlculate Measurement
suite. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. Feb 78, 9p MC-78-01
Paniculate testing has been successfully completed
on two different two-stroke powered motorcycles. The
results indicate that the amount of paniculate material
produced by motorcycles is no greater than that from
light-duty diesel automobiles. This conclusion is based
on the fact that of the two motorcycles tested, the
higher emitter (Kawasaki KE-100) produced approxi-
mately the same amount of paniculate material over
the FTP driving cycle as a Mercedes 300D diesel pro-
duces. The amount of paniculate produced by the
lower emitter (Yamaha DT 100) was about one-fourth
that of the higher emitter.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Motorcycles, Filters,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions,
Sampling, Glass fibers, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB80-115991 PC A02/MF A01
Light-Duty Diesel Gaseous Emissions Measure-
ment - Comparison of Dilution Tunnel Test He-
suits to Certification Cell Test Results, ..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jeff Alson. Jan 79,13p SDSB-79/04
This report summarizes gaseous emissions data for
eleven light-duty diesel vehicles using both the stana-
ard certification test procedure and the dilution tunnei
test procedure which incorporates particulate msaa;
urement. The greatest variability was found in the no
variability inherent in measuring HC and, in the ex-
treme cases, also to equipment inconsistencies pe-
tween the test cells, CO, NOx and CO2 data from tne
dilution tunnel test procedure were generally in 9°°°
agreement with the certification data with the oniy
trend being slightly lower NOx and CO2 values from
the dilution tunnel. This is hypothesized as a Pos8llii
dynamometer effect. It is concluded that there are no
significant differences in the two test procedures wnn
regards to the measurement of gaseous emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Diesel en-
gines, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Cartton^
oxide, Hydrocarbons, Tests, 'Air pollution samples-
'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification cell tests, 'Dilution
tunnel tests.
PB80-116007 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC. ,
Vapor Pressure and Melting Behavior of Sulfuric
Acid-Water Systems. Final rept. Nov 74-Aug 77,
Geological Survey, St. Paul, MN. Water Resources
Div.
G. Raymond Brown, and V. Rao Veluri. Aug 79,30p
EPA/600/3-79/077
Grant EPA-R-804470
An experimental apparatus was designed and con-
structed to use high vacuum and mass spectromfl'"1'
techniques to determine total and partial vapor pre»
sures above bulk liquid samples in the temperature
range between -65C and 25C. Observations on trw
sulfuric acid-water system revealed complexi""
which interfered with the experimental goal, but *"£«
are of some interest in themselves. These i *~
processes included long internal thermal . -
times and chemical reactions. An unexpected
most interesting observation was an apparent r
sure effect on the melting curve of the sulfunc i
water mixtures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Vapor pressure, "M6™"?
points, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Water, 'Laboratory «V*PnuSh
Binary systems, Design, Performance evaluation, nw
vacuum, Mass spectroscopy, Samples, Aerosols, L*
brating.
PB80-116205 PC A08/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cmcinno'"
OH.
,
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources m •
Planned C
73-Dec 76,
Planned Community. Executive summary
ces
(Final; J
- , e^
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental a"
ence and Engineering. _ .
William G. Characklis, Frank J. Gaudet, Frank L. Re*
and Philip B. Bedient. Jul 79, 152p EPA/600/2-79/
050A
Grant EPA-802433
SeealsoPB80-ll62i3.
An ecologically planned community (The Woodlands,
Texas) has adopted a unique water management pit"
designed to avoid adverse water quality and hydroioy
cal effects due to urbanization while benefiting W»"
the existing natural drainage. Data on water qualrJ3
and quality were collected during dry weather w"
during stormwater runoff. To supplement t"*ffi «t
study site, stormwater samples were also colleo;ion|.
watersheds in the Houston area. Parameters rno
780 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fan**' dur'n9 ^e reporting period were as follows: rain-
™> streamflow, chemical oxygen demand (COD),
wiuble organic carbon (SOC), biochemical oxygen
S?5nd (BOD), ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), nitrite
™O2), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), orthophosphates
orrno-p), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen
"°). pH, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and
""Pacific conductance. Data were analyzed for water
Huality relationships in an effort to predict pollutant
•wras according to land use. Significant relationships
wwe observed between total volume ol runoff and
ratal load of various pollutants. The load-runoff rela-
uons are a function of the type of land use activity in
!"f watershed and have been used to simulate storm-
water quality responses.
Keywords: "Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
Urban • •
r\L. ™ HOBOS, iNiirogen, rnospnorus, pn, oonaucuviiy,
~"™r°hydrocarbons, Algae, Bacteria, Mathematical
r,.- S8' Drainage, Pavements, Texas, * Storm water
™5°fi. Urban hydrology, SWMM model, Suspended
"aids, Houston(Texas).
f?*?-116213 PC A06/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
L"nn«d Community. Stormwater Runoff Quality:
J*'* Collection, Reduction and Analysis. Final
RlP- 7i" 73-Dec 76'
nice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ffie and Engineering.
tortS? G- Characklis, Frank J. Gaudet, Frank L. Roe,
050B B' Bedient Jul 79- 1 14P EPA/600/2-79/
G£nt EPA-802433
066 also PB80-1 16205.
°torrnwater from four watersheds in the Houston area
the, monitored over a three year period. Land use in
.'^watershed included undeveloped forest, develop-
^9 west, fully-developed residential and mixed com-
u?°'a|-residential. Chemical parameters monitored
suspended solids, oxygen demand, organic
gn acr ee wr enu-
Otai8 1 as we" as aquatic and edaphic algae species.
conn tent dernano1 and algal bioassays were also
waucted. Relationships have been developed be-
in a st°rmwater runoff quality, quantity and land use
.! »h effort to predict pollutant loads. The Storm Water
Saflement Model (SWMM) was modified to de-
•woe. the processes occurring in the watershed.
•l%!*°rds: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
ftean, areas, Watersheds, Drainage, Monitoring,
rjr""«l. Stream flow, Biochemical oxygen demand,
DOM 5ntrat'°n(Composition), Carbon, Organic com-
tas2 ' Amrnonia, Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Dissolved
m~?s,' Oxygen, Turbidity, Comparison, Mathematical
run 2'8' Tables(Data), Land use, Texas, "Storm water
, , ,
c. Urban hydrology, SWMM model, Montgomery
116817 PCA04/MFA01
p-?1"' Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
tZ ' NC.
Okil^1* of Chlordimeform on Vascular Tissue,
Cty oma Univ- Haalth Sciences Center, Oklahoma
c P. Robinson. Aug 79, 66p EPA/600/1 -79/031
tEPA-R-804975
to fully understand potential risk to human
of exposure to a chemical, one needs to under-
tne effects of that chemical upon each organ
lfn and to determine its mode of action. For some
M of pesticides their primary mode of toxicity has
established. An example of this is the organo-
aorolP rus cholinesterase inhibitors. There is general
K1!i:?ment that their acute lethality and most of their
result from cholinesterase inhibition and sub-
Irjuent acetylchollne accumulation. Even among this
Whi/JE °* cornpounds, however, there are toxic effects
''en seem to be due to other actions. For other class-
ni °' compounds much less is known of their mecha-
amw 0< tonality and effects on organ systems. An ex-
"Pie of this is the formamidlnes, the first useful one
was chlordimeform. Little information on the
! of action of chlordimeform was available, and on
oiner effects. This study was initially proposed to
determine vascular actions of chlordimeform. The
project was expanded to examine the cardiovascular
actions of other available formamidines including form-
amidine metabolites which also retained the formami-
dine structure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Physiological effects, Dogs, Laboratory animals, Ex-
perimental data, In vitro analysis, Cardiovascular
system, Muscles, Arteries, Serotonin, Phentolamine,
"Chlordimeform, Formamidine/N-(chloro-totyl)-N-N-di-
methyl, "Toxic substances, Metabolites.
PB80-116B25 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Particulates on Ozone Disinfection of
Bacteria and Viruses In Water. Final rept. 20 Aug
76-20 Jan 79,
Maine Univ. at Orono.
Otis J. Sprout, Charles E. Buck, Maura A. Emerson,
Douglas Boyce, and Douglas Walsh. Aug 79,89p
EPA/600/2-79/089
Grant EPA-R804587
The research was initiated in order to determine the
effect of participates on ozone disinfection of enteric
bacteria and viruses adsorbed to or incorporated into
participate materials such as fecal material, HEp-2
cells, aluminum oxide floe and bentonite clay. Microor-
ganisms used included fecal conforms, poliovirus
(Sabin Type 1), Coxsackievirus A9, porcine picorna-
virus Type 3 (Strain ECPO-6), and f2 bacteriophage.
The results indicate that the encasement or adsorption
of enteric bacteria and viruses in fecal material, both
human and porcine, and HEp-2 cells protects these
microorganisms from a concentration of ozone and
contact time that would normally inactivate the bacte-
ria and viruses in an unadsorbed or free state. HEp-2
cells gave the greatest amount of protection for the
cell-associated poliovirus and Coxsackievirus studied.
It was necessary to maintain a concentration of 5.33 to
4.81 mg/l ozone to inactivate the cell-associated Cox-
sackievirus in 5 to 10 minutes. Hydrated aluminum
oxide floe and bentonite clay afforded little or no pro-
tection to the Escherchia coli, ppliovirus and Coxsack-
ievirus adsorbed to these particles over that of the
microorganisms in the free state. The 12 bacteriophage
adsorbed to bentonite clay particles was inactivated at
a slower rate than the freely suspended phage.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, 'Ozone, 'Water, Bacteria, Vi-
ruses, Microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae, Potable
water, Escherichia coli, Disinfection, Polioviruses, Co-
sackie viruses, Turbidity, Particles, Protection,
Concentration(Composition), Drinking water, Particu-
lates, Water pollution control.
PB80-116833 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Treatablllty of Carcinogenic and Other Hazardous
Organic Compounds. Final rept. 17 Jun 77-17 Jun
78,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Edward G. Fochtman, and Walter Eisenberg. Aug 79,
72p EPA/600/2-79/097
Contract EPA-CI-68-03-2559
This research program was conducted to determine
the capability of biological and physical-chemical treat-
ment processes to remove chemical carcinogens and
other hazardous organic compounds from water and
wastewater. Treatment processes investigated includ-
ed biological degradation, activated carbon adsorption
and oxidation with ozone. Compounds studied were
naphthalene, 1,1-diphenylhydrazine, beta-naphthyla-
mine, 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-chloroaniline), and dimeth-
ylnitrosamine. All compounds were amenable to bio-
logical treatment in continuous flow reactors. Ozone
and activated carbon provided effective treatment for
all except dimethylnrtrosamine.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Sewage treatment,
'Carcinogens, Potable water, Degradation, Activated
carbon, Adsorption, Oxidation, Ozonation, Perform-
ance evaluation, Naphthalene, 'Toxic substances,
Physical chemical treatment, Biological treatment, Hy-
drazine/diphenyl, Naphthylamine, Anillne/methylene-
bis(chloro), Amine/dimethyl-nitros, Benzidines, Benzl-
dine/dichloro, Benzanthracenes, Acrylonitriles, Ether/
chloromethyl-methyl, Ethylidenimines.
PB60-116866 PCA04/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Optical Detection of Fiber Particles In Water. Final
rept. Mar 76-Sep 78,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
S. R. Diehl, D. T. Smith, and M. Sydor. Aug 79, 73p
EPA/600/2-79/127
Grant EPA-R-804361
Light scattering by individual participates is used in a
multiple-detector system to categorize the composi-
tion of suspended solids in terms of broad paniculate
categories. The scattering signatures of red clay and
taconite tailings, the two primary paniculate contami-
nants in western Lake Superior, along with two types
of asbestiform fibers, amphibole, and chrysolite, were
studied in detail. A method was developed to predict
the concentration of asbestiform fibers in filtration
plant samples for which electron microscope analysis
was done concurrently. Fiber levels as low as 50,000
fibers/liter were optically detectable. The method
offers a fast and inexpensive means for measuring,
either on a continuous basis or as discrete samples,
the fiber levels of filtration plant output. Further calibra-
tion of the instrument could enable analysis for other
specific particulate contaminants as well.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Optical detection, "Laboratory
equipment, Water pollution, Light scattering, Lake Su-
perior, Asbestos, Clay, Taconite,
Concentration(Composition), Calibrating, Electron mi-
croscopy, Fibers, Performance evaluation, Sampling,
Filtration, Amphiboles, Serpentine, Design, 'Water
pollution detection.
PB80-117039 PCA09/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Preclpltators for Collection of High
Resistivity Ash. Final rept. Nov 76-Jan 79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
D. H. Pontius, P. V. Bush, and W. B. Smith. Aug 79,
188p EPA/600/7-79/189
Contract EPA-68-02-2193
The report gives results of a research program to: (1)
compare various electrode systems for charging fine
high-resistivity dusts; (2) investigate techniques for
charging the dusts in a high current density corona
system; (3) perform a laboratory scale feasibility study
of selected charging systems; and (4) design, fabri-
cate, and test a 0.47 cu m/sec (1000 acfm) pilot-scale
precharger for application to a two-stage system for
electrostatic precipitation of high resistivity prticulates.
A literature review of previous attempts to control back
corona caused by high resisitivity dusts, and limited
theoretical and experimental investigations: eliminated
the impracticable and evaluated potentially useful ap-
proaches to the development of charging systems for
high resistivity dust, and resulted in the derivation of a
new three-electrode particle precharger, upon which
further developments were based. The three-elec-
trode concept, tested in a small laboratory device,
charged high resisitivity dusts to levels achievable only
on low and moderate resistivity dusts in conventional
systems. Charging results remained good for a pilot
scale system designed, built, and tested at a gas
volume flowrate of 0.47 cu m/sec. A rugged version of
the pilot scale precharger was tested as a part of a
two-stage system, where the collector was a modified
pilot scale ESP. The new technique has economic po-
tential.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, Electrical resistivity, Electrodes,
Dust, Coronas, Particles, Cost ana'ysis, Pertormance
evaluation, Laboratory equipment, Pilot plants, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products.
PB80-117500 PC A19/MF A01
Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Specification of Environmentally Significant Areas
In the Denver Region,
Denver Regional Council of Governments, CO.
Gail M. Hill. Oct 77,436p
Sponsored in part by Urban Mass Transportation Ad-
ministration, Washington, DC.
The report includes specific criteria for the designation
of environmentally significant areas in the Denver
Region. Environmentally significant areas are land and
December 1983 781
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water areas that exhibit valuable and unique physical
characteristics which have an important effect and in-
fluence on the quality of life for a community or individ-
ual. For the purposes of this study, environmentally
significant areas include environmental hazard areas,
environmentally sensitive areas, natural resource
areas, park, recreation and open space areas. The
technical information and documentation contained in
this report relate to the regional development policies
on environmental protection set forth in the Regional
Growth and Development Plan f9r the Denver Region.
These regional development policies provide direction
and guidance to growth and development within envi-
ronmentally significant areas and distinguished be-
tween those areas which should be left undeveloped
and those which can be developed with restrictions or
closer management.
Keywords: 'Land development, 'Regional planning,
Hazards, Natural resources, Parks, Recreational facili-
ties, Wildlife, Geological faults, Flood plains, Land-
slides, Aquifers, Mineral deposits, Land use, Criteria,
Colorado, "Environmental protection,
Denver(Colorado), *Land management.
PB80-117542 PCA15/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Review of Techniques for Treatment and Disposal
of Phosphorus-Laden Chemical Sludges. Final
rept.,
SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.
Curtis J. Schmidt, LeAnne E. Hammer, and Michael D.
Swayne. Aug 79,345p EPA/600/2-79/083
Contract EPA-68-03-2432
The report summarizes the effects of phosphorus re-
moval by chemical addition on sludge handling and
disposal options at full-scale wastewater treatment
plants. American and Canadian plants which generate
phosphorus-laden chemical sludges were surveyed by
questionnaire, and 174 responses were received. In-
vestigations at selected plants that were using a varie-
ty of phosphorus removal chemicals, points of chemi-
cal addition, and sludge treatment/disposal methods
were conducted. The plant operating experiences
have shown that all of the various sludge treatment
unit processes for thickening, stabilization, condition-
ing, dewatering, and reduction are adversely affected
by phosphorus removal. The adverse effects result
from both increases in sludge quantity and changes in
sludge characteristics. The adverse impacts are re-
duced when adequate capacity is available to handle
the increased sludge quantity. However, many plants
have inadequate capacity, and therefore have been
forced to find innovative solutions to problems. This
report documents such problem-solving attempts and
the results achieved. It also compares the various
sludge handling alternatives, and finds that relatively
few problems nave been encountered with pressure
filtration of iron sludges, flotation thickening of iron and
aluminum sludges, thermal conditioning of iron
sludges, and land disposal of lime sludges. The report
contains a bibliography of literature dealing with phos-
phorus-laden sludges, with an indication as to the
scope of each reference.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Phosphorus, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), 'Reviews, Materials han-
dling, Additives, Thickening, Stability, Dewatering, Flo-
tation, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Incin-
erators, Design, Process charting, Sludge digestion,
Sludge drying, 'Sludge treatment, Land disposal,
State of the art.
PB80-117591 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Tolt Water Supply Mixed Asbestlform Re-
moval Study. Final rept. May 76-Nov 78,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
Gregory J. Kirmeyer. Aug 79,127p EPA/600/2-79/
125
Grant EPA-R-804422
For 1 1 /2 years the Seattle Water Department con-
ducted direct filtration pilot plant studies at the Tolt
Reservoir, obtaining data on techniques to remove
amphlbole and chrysotile asbestos from drinking
water. Research showed that filtered water turbidity
should be 0.1 ntu or lower in order to effectively
remove fibers. Flocculation was necessary but sedi-
mentation was not. Amphibole fibers are more readily
removed than chrysotile, but both types could be re-
duced to below detectable limits or to not statistically
significant counts by treatment with alum, lime and a
filter aid (nonlonlc or anionic polymer); or alum, cation-
ic polymer and a filter aid; or cationic polymer and a
filter aid. Asbestos fiber content of filtered water In-
creased sharply when filtered water turbidity rose
above 0.1 ntu because of filtration rate changes, inter-
ruption of chemical feed, or turbidity breakthrough as-
sociated with the end of the filter run. The association
of rising fiber counts and turbidities in filtered water
would enable a plant operator to estimate fiber remov-
manner done in this work.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Water treatment, 'Filtration,
Serpentine, Amphiboles, Pilot plants, Turbidity, Pota-
ble water, Fibers, Removal, Flocculating, Backwash-
ing, Mixers, Fluid filters, Alums, Coagulation, Calcium
oxides, Chemical analysis, Monitoring,
Washington(State), 'Tolt Reservoir,
SeattlefWashington).
PB80-117625 PCA16/MFA01
Water Resources Data tor Washington, Water
Year 1978. Volume 2. Eastern Washington. Annual
rept. 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 79, 373p USGS/WDR/WA-78/2, USGS/WRD/
HD-79/026
See also Volume 2, PB-287 612. Prepared in coopera-
tion with the State of Washington.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for
Washington consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground-water wells. This report in
two volumes contains records for water discharge at
248 gaging stations; stage only at 4 gaging stations;
stage and contents at 44 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality at 117 gaging stations (including 6 lakes and
reservoirs) and 215 wells; and water levels at 166 ob-
servation wells. Also included are data for 96 crest-
stage, and 89 water-quality partial-record stations. Ad-
ditional water data were collected at various sites not
involved in the systematic data-collection program and
are published as miscellaneous measurements and
analyses. These data together with the data in Volume
1 represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in
Washington.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
*Washington(State), Water quality. Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Tables(Data), 'Eastern Region(Washington),
•Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-117658 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park.
Ambient Air Carbon Monoxide Measurements.
Final rept.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Lucian W. Chaney. Aug 79, 36p EPA/600/2-79/139
Grant EPA-R-803399
A new type CO monitor was applied to special ambient
air measurement problems, the monitor, a gas filter
correlation (GFC) instrument, was designed specifical-
ly for use in the St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS), but has been applied to several other meas-
urement requirements. The monitor has an inherently
fast response of less than one second and has proved
useful in documenting extremely variable monitoring
situations. The monitor was used in nine separate
studies and typical data are presented. The most sig-
nificant contribution from these studies has been the
ability to document the extreme variability of carbon
monoxide in urban environments.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Carbon monoxide, Moni-
toring, Urban areas, Design, Performance evaluation,
Exhaust emissions, Air pollution, Gas analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-117906 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility: Advanced Pro-
gram, Fourth Progress Report; Volume 1. «»»•"•
Report. Rept. for Nov 76-Jun 78,
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA. _
Harlan N. Head, and Shih-Chung Wang. Nov 79, 347P
EPA/600/7-79/244A
Contract EPA-68-02-1814 ,,„,.
See also PB-274 544, and Volume 2, PB80-1 17914.
The report gives results of advanced testing (late No-
vember 1976 - June 1978) of 30,000-35,000 acimjiw
MW equivalent) lime/limestone wet scrubbers for o>-"-
and paniculate removal at TVA's Shawnee powe _»»
tion. Forced oxidation with two scrubber loops was u»
veloped on the venturi/spray tower system witn nnw
stone, lime, and limestone/MgO slurries. Bleed S«°|"Q
oxidation was successful only with limestone /MB"
slurry. Forced oxidation with a single scrubber J
was developed on the TCA system with (I
slurry. Other test blocks on the TCA were li*
with low fly ash loadings, limestone type and gnw,
automatic limestone feed control, limestone reliapinij,
limestone with Ceilcote egg-crate type packing, n™°'
MgO, and flue characterization.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, *Scru •
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Particles, Industrial was™r;
Combustion products, Limestone, Electric pow
plants, Oxidation, Fly ash, Flue gases, Design, rw
formance evaluation, Calcium oxides, Solid wf>ste °£
posal, Dewatering, Chemical analysis, Trace^elemer™*
'Alkaline scrubbing, 'Limestone scrubbing, s;!a!,n,uri
power station, 'Magnesium oxide scrubbing, vern
scrubbers, Wet methods.
PB80-117914 PC A17/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn i»
angle Park, NC. . Dr0.
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility: Advanced^".
gram, Fourth Progress Report; volume 2. APP»
dices. Rept. for Nov 76-Jun 78,
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA. 000
Harlan N. Head, and Shih-Chung Wang. Nov 79, 38«P
EPA/600/7-79/244B
Contract EPA-68-02-1 81 4
See also Volume 1 , PB80-1 1 7906.
Contents:
Converting units of measure;
Scrubber operating periods;
Properties of raw material;
Database tables; tf
Test results summary tables for the venturi/spray
towor*
Graphical operating data from the venturi/spray
tower tests; _„
Average liquor compositions for the venturi/sp'w
tower tests;
Test results summary tables for the TCA;
Graphical operating data from the TCA tests;
Average liquor compositions for the TCA tests,
Fifth TV A interim report of corrosion studies;
Test data for waste solids dewatering and
characterization;
Particulate mass loading test results.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment,
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Particles, Industrial
Combustion products, Limestone, Electric
plants, Oxidation, Fly ash, Tables(Data), Flue
Design, Performance evaluation, Calcium oxides.a"
waste disposal, Dewatering, Chemical analysis, ir»
elements, 'Alkaline scrubbing, 'Limestone scruDW'g;
'Shawnee power station, 'Magnesium oxide sc1
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinns •
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div. ,
Comparison of Methods for Sampling Bacteria •
Solid Waste Processing Facilities,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
P. G. Gorman, D. E. Fiscus, M. P. Schrag, and L. J-
Shannon. Aug 79, 28p EPA/600/2-79/090
Contract EPA-68-02-1 871
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-288 513.
The report is an assessment of the field sarn?ll'jr'.
methodologies used to measure concentrations or •
borne bacteria and viruses in and around wa8t8,
dling and processing facilities. The sampling rnet
are discussed as well as the problems encoun
and subsequent changes made to improve the m«
782 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
n»nd«Cpari?on8 are also made to Preliminary recom-
Health o 2 lrom As™ subcommittee E-38.07 on
Plants Thd Safety Aspects of Resource Recovery
HUM Is results showed air filte methods such as a
cau«o ,?i mpler are not generally recommended be-
ovar «2 d,?8slcation effects of the air stream passing
Dlsto m. ter- AGI-30 impingers and Andersen agar
testa »»PaC,ors are Preferrecfmethods. The complete
of Bartf • ly rePorted in the final report, Assessment
FUBI DP a and Virus Emissions at a Refuse Derived
600/0 In i?5d Other Waste Handling Facilities, EPA
August 1978 Environmental Protection Agency,
Plinn'0t:d^ *.Ba°teria, 'Viruses, Microorganisms, Sam-
Trace oS83'0"1 lnd"strial plants, Refuse, Air pollution,
disnocj m»ents' Performance evaluation, Solid waste
trolcw!! yaste processing plants, 'Air pollution con-
'' Peculates, Refuse derived fuels.
PCA16/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
binedV2ther DeP°sl«on and Flushing for Com-
Jul Tfi S8. Sr Overflow Pollution Control. Final rept.
North '
neertn8ast8rn Univ- Boston, MA. Dept. of Civil Engi-
Quetato e I2ano'Gerald L Aronson, Celso S.
O'Sh °^krecleric c- B|anc, and James C.
ahnessy. Aug 79,363p EPA/600/2-79/133
PA-R-804578
-vvuSr».-rep01^ dated Jul 77- PB-270 695. Prepared in
lnc-.Carribrid*ith Environrnertal Des'9n and Planning,
airnedeSl?rtjS.ymrnari2es the results of a two year study
and ea« addressing the feasibility cost effectiveness
an imenra? aPPHcation of upstream solids control as
mem L?,? P.art of overall combined sewer manage-
streets i »h Pnase four test segments on different
"ushedn Boston sewerage system were field
tivenes. ?r,an fended period to quantify the effec-
8'nflle a "ushing deposition accumulation from a
cemedvISS segment. The second phase was con-
W comhi"" t"e problem of flushing a long flat stretch
the lion S8wer laterals. Flushes were injected into
"U8hwa ost manhole and pollutant levels In the
rnonitnS|? Passing three downstream manholes were
ns»» -'.' providing insights into flushing effective-
segments of pipe. Settleability tests
neq for the purpose of estimating how
"werinio T t™ flushing monitoring manholes would the
Saviior « I? car"ed. In the third phase, an automatic
8ta||ed ar?H 9 module »as designed, fabricated, in-
tanded „ . operated on a single segment for an ex-
to devei ^^8 PurPOse of this work was to begin
"ushin/i PPerational experience, using automated
snin9 equipment.
lutiSj!0'dks;/Combined sewers, 'Flushing, 'Water pol-
*- .r^ment, Feasibility, Mathematical models,
1A Maintenance, Operations, Accumulation,
en rt°pe' Cost analysis, Rainfall, Biochemical
„, aernand, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Regression
1 "Bid »a . °* cnarting, Automatic control equipment,
'Suspe*!?' Tab!es(Data)' Effectiveness, Comparison,
PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
.of Flue Gas Cleaning Waste on Ground-
'a-^a7lty and Soil Characteristics. Final rept.
bur0yiuS9inee.r Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
*Uo TO v5nviror|mental Lab.
a f8- 132p EPA/600/2-79/164
Soili
ai i samples from several test borings and
e fir a data were collected and analyzed for
Ba gas c|eaning sludge disposal sites in order to
local „ We extent of migration of pollutants into the
Prwoffiund^ater and the effects on surrounding soils.
Of $/!,£ testing of soils indicated that two major types
PerrriB £ara included: one site was underlain by im-
trter ,7.e materials such as clay and shale; and two
rlt8s underlain by relatively permeable silty
finer
I"ate«i
found t L. Sludae/ash-derived constituents were
u10 nave migrated out of the immediate area of
, < pond at all three disposal sites degrading the
of the local groundwater.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Ground water,
'Water pollution, Electric power plants, Sludge dispos-
al, Flue gases, Cleaning, Leaching, Permeability, Soil
properties, Chemical stabilization, Silts, Sands, Clay
soils, Sulfites, Calcium sulfates, Sampling,
Concentration(Composltion), Trace elements, Metals,
Chlorine, Tables(Data), "Path of pollutants.
PB80-118706 PCA13/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cost Effectiveness Model for Pollution Control at
Coking Facilities. Final rep. Sep 78-Jul 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
William F. Kemner. Aug 79,297p* EPA/600/2-79/185
Contracts EPA-68-02-2603, EPA-68-02-3074
The report describes a computer model, developed for
coking facilities, that allows the user to determine the
optimum mix of pollution control devices to achieve a
specified reduction in pollutant emission at the mini-
mum annualized or capital cost. The computer pro-
gram calculates and displays: the associated cost for
each emission control; the total capital and annualized
cost for the optimum mix of controls; and the emission
levels in pounds of pollutant per ton of coal and tons of
pollutant per year for each of the four pollutant types
(total suspended solids, benzene-soluble organics,
benzo(a)pyrene, and benzene). The program can con-
sider 20 emission sources and 9 control options for
each emission source.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Cost effectiveness,
'Coking, 'Mathematical models, Iron and steel indus-
try, Industrial wastes, Capitalized costs, Combustion
products, Cost analysis, Process charting, Design,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Leaking,
Particles, Benzene, Organic compounds, 'Emission
factors, Fugitive emissions, Benzenes, Benzopyrenes.
PB80-118763 PCA03/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Further Characterization of Sorbents for Environ-
mental Sampling. Final rept. Mar 78-Jun 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. F. Piecewicz, J. C. Harris, and P. L. Levins. Sep 79,
47p EPA/600/7-79/216
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report gives results of an ongoing experimental
program to evaluate the breakthrough characteristics
of sorbent resins for sampling of organic vapors using
an elutlon analysis chromatographic technique. The
effects of water vapor and C02, at levels typical of
gaseous effluents from combustion processes, on re-
tention of nonpolar and polar species on two common-
ly used sorbents (XAD-2 and Tenax-GC) have been
studied. Effects on XAd-2 were small but the volumet-
ric capacity of Tenax-GC was substantially decreased.
Other sorbents were characterized for potential use in
vapor sampling systems: coconut-based charcoal, pe-
troleum-based charcoal, silica gel, Ambersorb XE-340
and Xe-347, and XED-B. Retention volumes for XAD-8
and silica gel were roughly comparable to those of
XAD-2 and Tenax-GC; those of the charcoals and the
Ambersorbs were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher.
Recovery of sorbate from charcoals is known to be
poor in some cases, however, and recovery from the
Ambersorbs is suspect but under investigation.
Keywords: 'Sorbents, Sampling, Organic compounds,
Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Gas chromatography,
Combustion products, Adsorption, Materials recovery,
Charcoal, Resins, Design, Performance evaluation, Air
pollution, Silica gel, Air pollution sampling, XAD
resins, Tenax GC resins, Ambersorbs.
PB80-118771 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Source Characterization Study In Miami,
Florida. Trace Element Analysis. Final rept. Jun 76-
Jun 79,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Dept. ot Physical
Sciences.
Kenneth A. Hardy. Sep 79,71 p EPA/600/7-79/197
Contract EPA-68-02-2406
Aerosol in Miami, Florida was sampled in June 1975 to
better characterize the aerosol In an urban environ-
ment devoid of heavy Industry. The three sampling
sites selected were an area with light industrial activity,
one with heavy commercial activity, and a sparsely
populated residential area. Sampling devices at each
site included a five-stage cascade Impactor and a
streaker sampler to give the time distribution of trace
elements. A wind-direction-sensitive sampling system
controlling four five-stage cascade Impactors was in-
stalled at one site. Size and time distributions of trace
elements heavier than aluminum were determined by
proton induced x-ray emission at Florida State Univer-
sity. Determining the directional distribution of the
trace elements allowed pinpointing of strong local
sources. The calculated aerosol source coefficient in-
dicated less than 10 percent of the aerosol mass in
Miami can be attributed to the sea spray.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Particle size distribution,
'Trace elements, Air pollution, Sites, Urban area, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Wind direction,
Graphs(Charts), Florida, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Miami(Florida).
PB80-118789 PCA05/MFA01
, Comparison of Ozone Contactors for Municipal
Wastewater Effluent Disinfection, Packed Column
Versus Jet Scrubber. Interim rept. 19 Aug 76-19 Jun
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Albert D. Venosa, Edward J. Opatken, and Mark C.
Meckes. Aug 79,93p EPA/600/2-79/098
Pilot scale investigations were made comparing two
ozone contactors, a jet scrubber and a packed column,
for ozone utilization and effluent conform reduction ef-
ficiency. The contactors were operated in three
phases: (1) Batch operational phase contactors were
operated separately under identical conditions on a
batch sample of activated sludge effluent. (2) Parallel
operational phase; both contactors were operated in
parallel on the same activated sludge effluent. (3) Con-
tinuous operational phase; both contactors were oper-
ated on the same activated sludge effluent to achieve
a specified coliform reduction. Results showed that the
packed column significantly outperformed the jet
scrubber with respect to microorganisms reduction. Ef-
fluent quality interfered with disinfection in both con-
tactors, the most Important variables being chemical
oxygen demand (total and soluble) and organic
carbon. Initial bacterial density and ozone residual
were also important factors affecting log reduction of
coliforms and fecal streptococci in both contractors.
The packed column significantly outperformed the jet
scrubber with respect to ozone utilization. Organic
demand measured as TCOD, SCOO, and TOC signifi-
cantly affected ozone utilization at high but not low
ozone dosages. These results indicate that the use of
a single stage jet scrubber type ozone contactor is not
suitable for wastewater disinfection with ozone.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Ozonation, 'Scrub-
bers, *Columns(Process engineering), Comparison,
Activated sludge process, Coliform bacteria, Disinfec-
tion, Streptococcus, Bacteria, Utilization, Equipment,
Column packings, Pilot plants, Microorganisms, Per-
formance evaluation, Process charting, Design, Sal-
monella.
PB80-118797 PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Forest Fertilization with Urea on Major
Biological Components of Small Cascade
Streams, Oregon. Rept. for 1976-77,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MO.
F. S. Stay, A. Kotko, K. W. Malueg, M. R. Grouse, and
S. E. Dominguez. Sep 79,68p EPA/600/3-79/099
Prepared in cooperation with Forest Service, Oak-
ridge, OR.
During April, 1976,1.9 x 10 ha of second growth Doug-
las fir, located in the Willamette National Forest of
Oregon, were fertilized with 224 kg urea-N/ha. Unferti-
lized buffer strips of 60 and 90m were maintained
along all second and third order streams, respectively.
Sharp increases in urea concentrations (maximum of
unintentional, direct application to the streams. Imme-
diately following fertilization all nitrogen species re-
turned to near background levels. The second year fol-
lowing fertilization only NO3-NO2 appeared to be
slightly elevated due to fertilization, two-month fish
bioassays using Salmo gairdneri showed no mortalities
which could be attributed to by-products or contami-
nants of urea. Algal assays using Selenastrum caprl-
comutum, and chlorophyll a and ATP-biomass of peri-
December 1983 783
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phyton from glass slide samplers showed low support-
ing capacity and generally no significant increase in
biomass resulting from fertilization.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fertilizers, 'Invertebrates,
•Stream pollution, 'Forestry, Urea,
Concentration(Composition), Inorganic nitrates, Nitro-
gen, Ammonia, Benthos, Fishes, Algae, Mortality, Bio-
assay, Forest land, Biomass, Decomposition, Oregon,
Bioindicators, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water
pollution effects(Plants).
PB80-118813 PCA04/MFA01
Municipal Environment Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Control by Two Facili-
ties in Florida. Final rept. Feb 77-Feb 79,
Hillsborough County Utilities Dept, Tampa, FL.
Tom Comfort, and Larry Good. Jul 79, 55p EPA/600/
2-79/075
Grant EPA-R-805005
Municipal wastewater treatment plants employing
multi-stage processes can be operated to consistently
produce nigh quality final effluents. Data for both the
11,4000 cum 3/d Hillsborough County, Florida and the
6,813 cum 3/d Florida Cities Water Company facilities
are presented in tabular and geographic form. These
data show that both utilities can achieve the stringent
State of Florida effluent limitations. These limitations,
for selected sites in the State, require that the effluent
shall not contain more than 5 mg/l five day Biochemi-
cal Oxygen Demand, 5 mg/l suspended solids, 3 mg/l
total nitrogen and 1 mg/l total phosphorus.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Municipalities, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrifi-
cation, Tables(Data), Efficiency, Florida, 'Denitrifica-
tion, Suspended solids.
PB80-118847 PCA04/MFA01
FY-80 Research Plan for IERL-CI Activities at the
T and E Facility,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Clyde R. Dempsey. Dec 79, 54p EPA/600/9-79/044
The Office of Research and Development of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency has recently begun
(March 1, 1979) operation of a new facility in Cincin-
nati, Ohio known as the Test and Evaluation (T&E) Fa-
cility. The purpose of this facility is to house a variety of
bench- and pilot-scale experiments in support of the
various programs of the Cincinnati Environmental Re-
search Center and the Newtown Fish Toxicology Sta-
tion. This report describes those projects the Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory-Ci plans to have
active at this facility during FY-80.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution control,
Air pollution control. Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Scrubbing,
Carbon, Adsorption, Performance evaluation, Design,
Organic compounds, Degreasing, Metals, Silicates,
Precipitation(Chemistry). Surfactants, Leaching,
Mining, Vegetation, Pilot plants, Fuels, In situ combus-
tion, Coal gasification, Oil shale, 'Toxic substances,
Test and Evaluation Facility, Cincinnati(Ohio), Biologi-
cal industrial waste treatment, Heavy metals, Steam
stripping, Synthetic fuels, Refuse derived fuels.
PB80-118862 PCA17/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania. Volume
1: Delaware River Basin. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1
Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
Sep 79, 382p USGS/WRD/HD-79/030, USGS/WDR/
PA-78/1
Prepared in cooperation wih Pennsylvania Dept. of En-
vironmental Resources, Harrisburg. See also Volume
1 for Water Year 1977, PB-286 880.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge, and
water quality of streams; contents, of lakes and reser-
voirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This
volume contains records for water discharge at 83
gaging stations; contents at 10 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality at 59 gaging stations and water levels at
16 observation wells, Also included are data for 43
crest-stage, 35 low-flow, and 44 water-quality partial-
record stations. Locations of these sites not involved
in the systematic data-collection program and are pub-
lished as miscellaneous measurements and analyses.
These data together with the data in Volume 2 and 3
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Pennsyl-
vania, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Delaware River
Basin, Temperature, Tables(Data), 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB80-118946 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
A Feasibility Study of a Pocket-Sized Gas Chro-
matographic Air Analyzer. Final contract rept.,
Stanford Univ., CA. Stanford Electronics Labs.
Stephen C. Terry, and John H. Jerman. Jul 77,116p
SU-SEL-77-027, EPA/600/7-77/146
Contract PHS-NIOSH-210-76-0140
The feasibility of producing a pocket-sized air contami-
nant monitor based upon a miniature gas chromato-
graph and an integrated microcomputer has been
demonstrated and a practical design for the instrument
is presented. This pocket-sized instrument is intended
to be used as a personal exposure monitor which is un-
obtrusively carried by an industrial worker throughout
the day. The proposed instrument is fully self-con-
tained in an 8 cm x 4 cm x 15 cm package weighing ap-
proximately 0.6 kg. It is build around a miniature inte-
grated gas chromatograph (GC) consisting of a capil-
lary column, a sample injection valve, and detector. A
state-of-the-art integrated circuit microcomputer is in-
cluded in the instrument to handle control and data
processing functions. The proposed instrument will be
capable of sampling the atmosphere automatically
once a minute for eight hours, measuring the concen-
trations of up to 10 different vapors simultaneously to
within 10% accuracy, calculating and storing the time-
weighted-average and peak concentrations for each of
the gases, measuring concentrations at the 10 ppm
level, displaying any of the stored concentrations upon
demand, and sounding an alarm when any concentra-
tion exceeds a predetermined value. The desirable
features of this instrument - its small size, automatic
operation, and ability to monitor multiple gases -
should make it a useful analytical tool and of significant
use in the fields of industrial hygiene and occupational
safety.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Gas chromotography,
'Chemical dosimeters, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Cqncentration(Composition), Industrial hygiene,
Monitoring, Exposure, Gas analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Air pollution, Feasibility, 'Indoor air pollution, State
of the art.
PB80-119324 PCA07/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site C. Final rept. Apr-Jul 78,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. E. Gabrielson, P. L. Langsjoen, and T. C. Kosvic.
May 79,137p EPA/600/7-79/130A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also PB-285 172, and PB80-119340. Sponsored
in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Association,
Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on a 182,5000 Ib/hr spreader stoker boiler. The effect
of various parameters on boiler emissions and efficien-
cy was studied. Parameters included overfire air,
flyash reinjection, excess air, boiler load, and fuel prop-
erties. Measurements included gaseous and particu-
late emissions, particle size distribution of the flyash,
and combustible content of the ash. Gaseous emis-
sions measured were 02, C02, CO, NO, SO2, and
SO3 in the flue gas. Sample locations included the
boiler, multiclone, and electrostatic precipitator out-
lets. In addition to test results and observations, the
report describes the facility tested, coals fired, test
equipment, and procedures. Stopping flyash reinjec-
tion reduced participate loading at the boiler outlet by
75%, and reduced paniculate loading at the multiclone
outlet by 45%. Increasing the overfire air from 5 to 25
in. H2O resulted in a 9% increase in NO emissions. At
design capacity, the boiler emitted between 27.5 and
35.5 Ib/million Btu paniculate matter and between 340
and 410 ppm NO at the boiler outlet.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, "Stokers,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Design, Nitrogen oxide(Nyj,
Flue gases, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Particle size distribution, Fly ash, pxyfl9"'
Carbon dioxide, Sampling, Electrostatic precipitators,
Coal, Concentration(Composition), Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB80-119340 PCA19/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i n-
angle Park, NC. „ „
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler*
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site C (Data Supplement). Rept. for Apr-J"1
78,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. O. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, J. Cook, W. M. Jackson,
and J. D. Demont. Jul 79,443p EPA/600/7-79/130B
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA. See also PB80-119324.
The Dat n
sented in greater detail than was practical in the TO
technical report. It is intended to provide the necessary
details to other researchers who are interested in P»'
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to in"
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equ r
ment and procedures, interpretations, and conrj}g
sions. The final technical report also contains w
summaries not found in this supplement. The SuP
ment contains panel board data for each test, deta
paniculate, 02, CO2, CO, NO, SO2, and SOS da»;
particle size distribution data, modified smoke sp<"
data, chemical analysis of the coal, the coal size COM
sistency data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, "Stokers, In;
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests, rw
tide size distribution, Sulfur oxides, Coal, Fly «"•'
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Sulfur trioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon dioxide,
monoxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen oxide(NO), *
sampling.
PB80-119357 PCA03/MFA01
Federal Register Citations Pertaining to the FW
latlon of Asbestos. In-house rept., n£
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, w
Office of Toxic Substances. ., „•
Joseph J. Breen, and Elizabeth F. Bryan. Apr 79,41P
EPA/560/6-79/007
Federal regulations governing the production *n<'u.n.
of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials JO"' J
ue to focus their attention on the adverse healtn ••
environmental effects of asbestos. To obtain an app' o(
ciation of the scope of the current regulatory f^jgter
asbestos, a compilation was made of Federal Reg'»
citations pertaining to the regulation of asbestos w
CPSC, DOT, EPA, FDA, MESA, and OSHA. An ȣ
stract of each citation was prepared and filed cnro" .
logically by statutory authority within the i°
agencies. The resulting document, as presen
provides a condensed source of information re
the development of the various standards P
enforced by the agencies as well as proposals tor
or modified regulations.
Fed-
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Regulations, Production. r^
eral government, Abstracts, Water pollution, y~_.
mines, Safety, Metals, Food, Drugs, Cosmetics, n=r_
ardous materials, Transportation, Air pollution, » .
ronmental health, 'Toxic substances, Governr" (
agencies, Occupational safety and health, Consu»
products, Product safety.
PCA07/MF*"1
Lab.. Cincinn8«'
PB80-119399
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,
OH.
Combined Sewer Overflow Treatment by
Ing and Terminal Ponding. Final rept. Apr
76,
Fort Wayne, IN.
Delmar H. Prah, and Paul L. Brunner. Aug 79,
EPA/600/2-79-085
784 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Howard, Needles,
rammen and Bergendoff, Indianapolis, IN., and Fort
Wayne Water Pollution Control Plant, IN.
A 75 MGD combined sewer overflow treatment facility
was constructed to obtain plant-scale data on the ef-
fectiveness and costs of screening combined sewer
overflows (CSO) by three types of fine screens. The
methods of screening evaluated included fixed side hill
screens, rotary centrifugal fine screening, and horizon-
jai rotary drum fine screening. Also evaluated were the
Benefits to the receiving waters by pollutant removal
°y screening, chlorination, and ponding previously by-
Passed CSO. Each of 38 separate CSO events were
analyzed over a 13-month period commencing in Jan-
uary, 1975 for 14 pqllutant parameters and flow rates.
None of the screening methods studied have removal
f^ciencies for suspended solids, BODS, COD and nu-
ll!?,'"8 that were significantly different from zero at the
w% confidence level. No effect between hydraulic
wading and removal efficiency was found. The least
overall cost method of screening was the fixed verti-
cal-type screen. All the screens studied have hydraulic
"sad requirements on the order of 2 to 10 feet static
KJSS. The two-day terminal pond following screening
was shown to be capable of meeting 30 mg/l of BODS
»nd suspended solids 95 percent of the days studied
°ver the 4-year evaluation period.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Protectors, 'Sewage
goatment, 'Overflows, Performance evaluation,
Jrjnas. Removal, Efficiency, Cost analysis, Biochemi-
P?' oxygen demand, Chlorination, Coliform bacteria,
now rate, Maumee River, Lake Erie, Indiana, Screen-
ing equipment.
PB80-H9S22
Park Effects
Research Lab-
PC AOS/MF A01
Research Triangle
"°a«| for Measuring the Health Impact from
^Hanging Levels of Ambient Air Pollution: Mortall-
V. Final rept,
"»npis Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
-2492
Inn mia'or objective of this study is to answer the ques-
rr"s, Is a recent mortality decline in the city of Chicago
reused by a decrease in the amount of major air pollut-
BflaL?iUch as susPended particulate and sulfur dioxide.
JSf on multiple regression analysis for the cross-
on, Ona| analysis, a percentage decrease in the age-
"oiusted death rates was estimated when a 25 percent
potion in TSP in Chicago for the period 1970-1975,
r?° applied to the models developed. The age-adjust-
;!?_aeath rate for non-accidental causes would be de-
: by 5.36 percent (54.65 deaths per 100,000
) in Chicago. A percentage decrease in the
(an k1 rates ty cause was estimated to be 8.82 percent
™ heart diseases), 6.42 percent (ischemic heart dis-
r™?). 16.95 percent (other heart disease), 9.39 per-
lj°rf (diabetes mellitus), 20.13 percent (cirrhosis of the
'), 26.16 percent (emphysema) and 6.47 percent
non-accidental causes). Models developed in
•nalysis imply that there would be possible acute
'f daily air pollution concentrations (both SO2
• 'n addition to their interaction) on daily mor-
henVt cnar|9es (both all non-accidental causes and
Vto«i! diseaes), controlling for weather and day-of-
"WK effects.
&*0rds: "Mortality, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Cardiovascular
Bfases, 'Respiratory diseases, Death, Models, Air
Dilution, Regression analysis, Measurement, Illinois,
hT;l.centration(Composition), Sampling, Environmental
Com I *Chica9°(|lllnois). 'Particulates, 'Air pollution
PCA08/MFA01
nmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
, NC.
l/opsdurea for Aerosol Sizing and H2SO4 Vapor
j,**?"r»ment at Shawnee Test Facility. Final rept.
TBui Feb 77'
ui '
^•"Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
o 2cn, CA.
*"•• Maddalone, A. Grant, D. Luciano, and C. Zee. Jul
£• i55p EPA/600/7-79/152
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report describes a series of procedures for sizing
dry aerosols and measuring H2SO4 entering and leav-
ing the Shawnee flue gas desulfurization (FGD) proto-
type units. A Brink impactor was used to size dry partic-
ulate matter entering the FGD process. A manual
system for the FGD process effluent was chosen on
the basis of a literature survey, contacts with experts in
the field, and an evaluation of available information.
Chosen for the inlet was an FGD Meteorology Re-
search Inc. cascade impactor. Finally, a method for
H2S04 vapor was developed which is based on the
controlled condensation (Goksoyr/Ross) method. In
addition to these procedures, a OA program was de-
signed to ensure the overall quality of the data taken in
the above procedures.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Sulfur trioxide,
Flue gases, Particle size, Sampling, Quality assurance,
Design, Probes, Sites, Laboratory equipment, Impac-
tors, Condensation, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
'Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB80-119563 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hyperflltratlon Processes for Treatment and Ren-
ovation of Textile Wastewater. Final rept. Oct 78-
Aug 79,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Huntsville, AL.
Huntsville Research and Engineering Center.
S. M. Ko, and J. A. Tevepaugh. Oct 79,140p EPA/
600/2-79/195
Contract EPA-68-02-2614
The report describes a computer program developed
for the design and simulation of a multistage hyperfil-
tration system for renovation of textile wastewater.
The program is capable of practical design, parametric
simulation, and cost projection of the multistage hyper-
filtration system with tapered inner stages. The mathe-
matical model is based on Sourirajan's preferential
sorption and solute diffusion theory. Experimental re-
jection and flux data of a test hypertiltration module are
required as inputs. Empirical correlations and test re-
sults available from recent EPA-sponsored programs
are used to calculate membrane transport parameters.
Computer results for sample cases using cellulose ac-
etate and dynamic membranes are presented. Various
designs and operations are considered in the compu-
tations to show their effects on system economics.
The program is readily adaptable for evaluation of
other reverse osmosis/hyperfiltration applications.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Textile industry,
Computerized simulation, Computer programs, Filtra-
tion, Design, Industrial waste treatment, Performance
evaluation, Mathematical models, Economic analysis,
Membranes, Transport properties, 'Hyperfiltration,
'Reverse osmosis, Computer aided design.
PB80-119662 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Novel Concepts, Methods and Advanced Technol-
ogy In Partlculate/Gas Separation. Journal article,
Notre Dame Univ., IN.
Teoman Ariman, Morris S. Oialvo, and Dennis C.
Drehmel. Aug 79,7p EPA/600/J-79/046
Prepared in cooperation with National Science Foun-
dation, Washington, DC. See also PB-299 958. Pub. in
Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v29, n8,
p818-822, Aug 79.
This paper discusses presentations made during a
symposium on novel concepts, methods, and ad-
vanced technology in particulate/gas separation. The
symposium, held at the University of Notre Dame and
sponsored by the National Science Foundation and
the Environmental Protection Agency, was held both
to identify new research areas and to stimulate future
research activities. The presentations included two
general lectures by internationally known scientists
[Dr. M. Bernarie of France and Professor F. Loftier of
West Germany) and 17 invited lectures by other promi-
nent experts. New concepts and methods include the
use of acoustics, high gradient magnetic fields, and
electrostatic filtration in particulate/gas separation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Meetings,
Acoustics, Electrostatics, Filtration, Separation, Mag-
netization, Technology, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Fines, Reprints, High gradient magnetic sep-
aration.
PB80-119670 PCA02/MFA01
Simultaneous Determination of Amerlclum and
Curium In Soil,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Michael H. Hiatt, and Paul B. Hahn. 14 Sep 78,6p
EPA/600/J-79/039
Pub. in Jnl. Analytical Chemistry, v51 n2 p295-298 Feb
79.
A method is presented for the routine determination of
americium and curium in 10 g of soil. The soil is dis-
solved with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric
acid. Insoluble sulfates and phosphates are metathe-
sized with boiling sodium hydroxide solutions. Plutoni-
um and iron are sorbed on anion-exchange resin from
9 M hydrochloric acid after which the plutonium can be
eluted and further purified for electrodeposition. Ameri-
cium and curium are purified by cation-exchange and
liquid-liquid chromatography. Mean recoveries of am-
ericium and curium were 58% and 56% respectively,
for prepared soil samples. The minimum detectable
activity for the individual nuclides is 0.002 pCi/g. For
americium and curium activities of 0.1 to 1.0 pCi/g, the
relative standard deviations for replicate analysis
ranged from 3% to 8%. The deviations of the means
from their known values were generally within + or -
.Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Americium, *Curium, 'Ra-
dioactive contaminants, Chemical analysis, Ion ex-
changing, Adsorption, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Separation, Reprints.
PB80-119688 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Effects of Zinc Exposure* on Brook
Trout ('Salvellnus fontlnalls'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Gary W. Holcombe, Duane A. Benoit, and Edward N.
Leonard. 1979,14pEPA-600/J-79-040
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
108, p76-87 1979.
Exposure of three generations of brook trout (Salve-
linus fontinalis) to zinc concentrations ranging from 2.6
to 534 micrograms/liter produced no significant harm-
ful effects. During a separate exposure of embryos and
larvae, 1,368 micrograms Zn/liter significantly reduced
(P = 0.05) both embryo and 12-week larval survival.
An additional partial chronic exposure also resulted in
significantly reduced (P = 0.05) egg chorion strength
and embryo survival at 1,360 micrograms Zn/liter. The
maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC)
for brook trout exposed to zinc in Lake Superior water
(hardness = 45.4 mg/liter as CaCO3; pH = 7.0-7.7)
lies between 534 and 1,360 micrograms Zn/liter. The
96-hour LC50 (median lethal) concentration for brook
trout was 2,000 micrograms Zn/liter; thus the applica-
tion factor (MATC/96-hour LC50) lies between 0.267
and 0.680. Brook trout gill, liver, kidney, and opercular
bone tissues accumulated the greatest amounts of
zinc. Edible muscle tissue did not accumulate zinc.
Zinc loss from gill and liver from first-generation trout
transferred to control water for 12 weeks was 55% and
59%, respectively, based on the total micrograms of
zinc per whole tissue) zinc in kidney tissue (based on
the total micrograms of zinc per whole tissue) in-
creased 192%, however, during the 12 weeks in con-
trol water.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Fresh water
fishes. Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Em-
bryos, Larvae, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Surviv-
al, Water pollution, Residues, Lethal dosage, Bioas-
say, Tissues(Biology), Brook trout, Salvelinus fontina-
lis, 'Toxic substances, 'Heavy metals, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation.
PB80-119696
PC A02/MF A01
Ion Chromatography. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
James D. Mulik, and Eugene Sawicki. 1979,9p EPA-
600/J-79/033
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v13
n7p804-809Ju)79.
The theory of ion chromatography as a technique for
analyzing ionic substances is discussed. The applica-
tion of ion chromatography for analyzing ambient air
samples is specifically described, with emphasis on
determining sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ions in
aerosols, and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
December 1983 785
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Qas analysis, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Ammonium, Ions, Sulfur dioxide, Aerosols, Laboratory
equipment, Design, Performance evaluation, Air pollu-
tion. Reprints, 'Ion chromatography, *Air pollution de-
tection, Ammonium ions.
PB80-119704 PCA02/MFA01
Pollution Control Practices-Fuel Conversion and
Its Environmental Effects. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. Gold, J. A. Nardella, and C. A. Vogel. Aug 79, 9p
EPA/600/J-79/032
Prepared in cooperation with Water Purification Asso-
ciates, Cambridge, MA., and Department of Energy,
Germantown, MD. Pub. in Chemical Engineering
Progress, v75, n8, p58-64, Aug 79.
The paper examines water-related effects that could
be expected from siting specific conversion plants at
given locations in the major coal and oil shale bearing
regions of the U.S. A total of 90 plant/site combina-
tions were studied: 48 in the Central and Eastern U.S.,
and 42 in the Western. The synthetic fuel technologies
examined include: coal gasification to convert coal to
pipeline gas; coal liquefaction to convert coal to low-
sulfur fuel oil; coal refining to produce a de-ashed, low-
sulfur solvent-refined (clean) coal; and oil shale retort-
ing to produce synthetic crude. The results presented
include the range of water requirements, the condi-
tions for narrowing the range and optimizing the use of
water, the ranges of residual solid wastes, and the coat
and energy requirements for wastewater treatment. A
comparison of the water requirements with those of
two recently published studies shows widely varying
estimates and emphasizes the need for both site- and
design-specific calculations.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Coal preparation,
"Water pollution control, Oil shale, Cost analysis, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Energy consumption, Com-
parison, Refining, Air pollution, Reprints, Coal lique-
faction, *Air pollution abatement.
PB80-119795 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Economic Impact Analysis of Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations on Selected Generating
Industries. Final rept.
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jun 79,513p EPA/530/SW-182C
Contract EPA-68-01-4819
The report estimates the economic impact of three
RCRA Subtitle C regulatory options for potentially haz-
ardous wastes from selected industries. The industries
selected were: electric utilities, pulp and paper, gaso-
line service stations, drum reconditioners, chemical
wholesaling, agricultural services and metal and miner-
al distributors. Estimates of compliance costs, change
in net income, plant closures, production losses, job
losses, and price increases are provided for each of
these industries under each of the regulatory options.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, "Hazardous materials,
'Regulations, 'Industries, Materials handling, Cost es-
timates, Government policies, Waste disposal, Waste
treatment, Electric utilities, Paper industry, Income,
Production, Unemployment, Prices, Agriculture, Chem-
ical industry, Metal industries, Materials recovery, Con-
servation, 'Waste management, Waste(lndustrial), In-
dustrial shutdowns, Service stations.
PB80-119852 PCA03/MFA01
Estimate of the Cancer Risk Due to Nuclear-Elec-
tric Power Generation. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
W. H. M. Ellett, and A. C. B. Richardson. Oct 76,42p
ORP/CSD-76-2
The report considers the risk of fatal cancer for the
entire fuel cycle due to radiation exposure associated
with the annual production of one gigawatt (1000
megawatts) of nuclear electric power. Three sources
of radiation exposure are examined: (1) occupational
exposure to radiation workers; (2) exposure of the gen-
eral population from routine releases of radioactivity to
the environment; and (3) exposure due to accidental
releases of radioactivity. In the analysis, exposures to
radiation due to uranium fuel cycle are projected for a
period of 100 years following the production of elec-
tricity. The major potential impact on human health is
from radionuclides intentionally released into the envi-
ronment during the milling of ores and at fuel reproc-
essing. It is estimated that about one cancer death
could be committed for each gigawatt-year of electrical
energy produced.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Nuclear electric
power generation, 'Radiation effects, 'Health physics,
Estimates, risks, Exposure, Industrial medicine, Radio-
active isotopes, Accidents, Health risks, Cancer, Envi-
ronmental health, Occupational safety and health, Car-
cinogenesis.
PB80-119878 PC A05/MF A01
Research Review. Rept. for Oct 78-Sep 79,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Betty P. Jackson. Sep 79,77p EPA-600/9-79-028
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-285 686.
The report reviews aquatic research programs con-
ducted or managed by the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida, for the office of Re-
search and Development, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency in 1978 and 1979. The research program
examines the impact of pesticides and other organic
compounds on marine species and communities, and
seeks to develop new methodology for determining
ecological hazards of chemicals under conditions sim-
ulating the natural environment. Projects are outlined
in the area of: Exposure Assessment, Effects Assess-
ment, Chlorlnation Studies, Offshore Oil Drilling, Envi-
ronmental Pathoblology, and the Chesapeake Bay
Program.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Toxicology, Research projects,
Marine biology, Bloassay, Carcinogens, Chlorination,
Chesapeake Bay, Offshore drilling, Mutagens, Pathol-
ogy, Carcinogens, 'Toxic substances, Biological ef-
fects.
f B80-119951 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1978. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin Above Do-
lore* River. Annual rept. 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 79,408p USGS/WRD/HD-79/019, USGS-WDR-
CO-78-2
See also Volume 1, PB80-119944, Volume 3 PB80-
119969, and report dated Dec 78, PB-292 259.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1978 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1, 2,
and 3) contains discharge records for about 440
gaging stations, stage and contents of 25 lakes and
reservoirs, 5 partial-record flow stations, 75 crest-
stage partial-record stations, and 250 miscellaneous
sites; water quality for 140 gaging stations and 60 mis-
cellaneous sites; and water levels for 55 observation
wells. A few pertinent stations in bordering States are
also included in this report. These data represent that
portion of the National Water Data System collected
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State
and Federal agencies in Colorado.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Colorado, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs, Observa-
tion wells, Temperature, Water analysis, Inorganic
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Chlorides,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Conductivity, Colorado
River Basin, 'Water quality data, Water levels, Peak
discharge, 'Hydrologicdata.
PB80-119969 PCA19/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1978. Volume 3. Dolores River Basin, Green River
Basin, and San Juan River Basin. Annual rept. 1 Oct
77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 79,450p USGS/WRD/HD-79/004, USGS-WDR-
CO-78-3
See also Volume 1, PB80-119944, Volume 2, PB80-
116951, and report dated Dec 78, PB-293 522.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1978 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water qujW
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels ana WBW
quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes i, •
and 3) contains discharge records for about •"
gaging stations, stage and contents of 25 lakes an.
reservoirs, 5 partial-record flow stations, 75 cn»
stage partial-record stations, and 250 misce"8"<»"»
sites; water quality for 140 gaging stations and eo "J«J
cellaneous sites; and water levels for 55 observation
wells. A few pertinent stations in bordering States «•
also included in this report. These data represent«»
portion of the National Water Data System co«ecn»
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Sta»
and Federal agencies in Colorado.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Ground water, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution, 'Colorado, Tablaw.
Stream flow. Flow rate, Lakes, Reservoirs,
lion wells, Temperature, Water analysis,
phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates,
Fluorides, Bacteria, Metals, Dolores River Basin.
Green River Basin, San Juan River Basin, *Water qu»
ity data, Water levels, Peak discharges, 'Hyawv
data.
PB80-120108 PC A10/MF AOI
Workbook for Comparison of Air Quality Mow*
Appendices. Guideline series. . -,,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research i n«>
M nutwiwy, nooiw"' - ._-iJa
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand8ro»
May 78, 223p EPA/450/2-78/028B. QAQPS-1 .2-01""
See also report dated May 78, PB-292 249.
The document consists of appendices to ..n.
book for the Comparison of Air Quality Models. Appw
dix A presents guidance on emissions, Plum*JdilK|.
sion, chemistry and reaction mechanisms, ana pnr"
cal removal processes. Appendix B provides .
ground information on some suggested
models. Examples of the application of the
methodology are presented in Appendix C.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical rw
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB80-120132 PC A08/MF AOI
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnn .
OH
Separation of Algal Cells from WaaMW'j!*
Lagoon Effluents. Volume II: Effect of Sand »»•
on the Performance of Intermittent Sand Pi""1
Final rept. 1 Apr 75-30 Dec 76,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan. _,,- ma
Basil Tupyi, D. S. Filip, James H. Reynolds, and t. J"°
Middlebrooks. Aug 79,170p EPA/600/2-79/152
Contract EPA-68-03-0281
See also Volume 1, PB-284 925.
Varying effective sand sizes, hydraulic load^iit*^!
and application rates resulted in profound enef«tra.
effluent quality of single stage intermittent sanei ™»
tion for secondary wastewater lagoon effluents. '
finer effective sand size produced an effluent tnai «•
isfied the State of Utah, Class C Regulations excepi j^
the requirements for coliform bacteria courvis. ._
lower effective sand size produced greater ln"oelj-H
day biochemical oxygen demand and suspena^
solids removals. Very high coliform removal was ov«
ited by all prototype intermittent sand f|«er8; Ln.
length of consecutive days of operation wi'00";.!, hS-
ging by the algae was increased by lowering tne "J
draulic loading rate.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sand filtration, *P?£
cle size, 'Algae, 'Lagoons(Ponds), Coliform bacwj";'
Biochemical oxygen demand. Performance e''a!u!,,jc8l
Design, Sampling, Separation, Plugging, Cnenw"
oxygen demand.
PB80-120488 PC A06/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, v
Office of Drinking Water.
FRDS Final Report Final rept. ,.n.|
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Southwestern Ohio Reg*"1"
Computer Center.
1979,106p
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
786 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
2ll,p5po?e of the report is to examine the Federal
its KJ? ata System trainin9 Pr°i8Ct to determine
lonnTro—eness in developing and delivering a week-
traina« ?lrt9 Pr°9ram "sing content-knowfedgeable
«omoVr . three separate organizations located
svstem 2e from one ano'her. The FRDS computer
af <£« «a.s design«d to accept data which the Nation-
(arw R= i nkir>9 *Vater Act (NSDWA) required States
'he FSrio^rnS^09816 ^^ '° SUbm'" *
tKe!rT0'wVSpecialized training, 'Information sys-
tors inte r !?y?te[Tls' '"sectors, Project management,
"Personal relations, Adults, Teaching methods.
PC A12/MF A01
w Wasnin9'on' DC-
cSvULM Ad^lar 'nelnarator System* with Heat Re-
lc Evaluation lcal' Environmental, and Econom-
' ., Xenia, OH.
2?5P EPA/SW'177C
evah!atPOrt is a technical, economic and environmental
Wrth h= . °' ^o smal) modular incinerator systems
kansafh recovery. One unit in North Little Rock, Ar-
*atenT^ a thnj-Put of 1°0 tons of municipal solid
25 TPrt^ ,ay and recovers steam. The other unit is a
villa rih- ce 'ocated at the Rockwell Plant in Marys-
forho=« ' and burns in plant waste to produce steam
w Bating and cooling the factory.
recovBrrd,8i.DSolid waste disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Heat
"lentai i' Re'use disposal, Industrial wastes, Environ-
Flue n« pacts' Air Pollution, Combustion products,
hin ' Cost analysis, Operating costs, Photo-
'!n \STormance evaluation, Municipal wastes,
il(0hio), North Little Rock(Arkansas).
PC E09/MF»5.50
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Control Options on Lake
i, CA.
1,280p TETRAT-TC-3930,
I
includes 14 20X reduction microfiche in-
of total phosphorus than was an equivalent level of
point source control.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution control,
'Lakes, Detergents, Sewage treatment, Municipalities,
Chlorophylls, Concentration(Composition), Reduction,
Policies, United States, 'Eutrophication, Nonpoint
sources, Tertiary treatment.
PB80-120678 PC A06/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Baseline Program (1969) and
1983 Emission Standards Development. Technical
rept. (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Timothy P. Cox, Glenn W. Passavant, and Larry D.
Ragsdale. May 79,109p SDSB-79-23
The U.S. EPA was Mandated by the 1977 Clean Air Act
Amendments to determine revised HC and CO emis-
sion standards for 1983 model year heavy duty en-
gines. These revised emission standards were to be
based on a 90 % reduction from the average of actually
measured emissions from uncontrolled (1969 model
year) gasoline-fueled engines. To comply with the pro-
visions of the 1977 CAAA, ECTD began a baseline
testing program. Under this program, in-use 1969
modeT year heavy-duty gasoline fueled engines were
procured, brought to manufacturer's specifications,
and then were tested for emissions using the transient
test procedure and idle test procedure. The text of this
report discusses the vehicle/engine selection and pro-
curement efforts, as well as the engine preparation
and testing programs. It also includes a presentation
and discussion of the 1969 emissions data.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Standards, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Sampling, Sites, Air pollu-
tion, Technology, Tables(pata),
Concentration(Composition), 'Heavy duty vehicles,
'Air pollution abatement.
PB80-121023 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Viruses, Organlcs, and Other Health-Related Con-
stituents of the Occoquan Watershed and Water-
Service Area. Part I: Trlhalomethanes, Pesticides,
and Metals. Final rept. 1975-77,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Robert C. Hoehn, and Clifford W. Randall. Sep 79,
185p EPA/570/9-79/019
Contract EPA-68-01-320a
The study reports data from a two-year monitoring
effort (1975-9177) for several health-related constitu-
ents of drinking water in a northern Virginia system
(Fairfax County Water Authority) which serves about
640,000 residents. Metals and pesticides were moni-
tored for one year, whereas the trihalomethanes
(THM's) were monitored for two. A principal focus of
the report is on the temporal variations observed for
THM concentrations. Possible causes for these vari-
ations are explored in detail. The aproaoh and findings
should be useful to scientists and engineers who either
are attempting to interpret national studies based on
limited sampling from several systems or are planning
to design and execute investigations similar to the one
described in the report.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Viruses, 'Metals, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Halogen organic compounds, Virginia, Moni-
tors, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Water
quality, Statistical data, 'Methanes, 'Drinking water,
Fairfax County(Virginia), Occoquan watershed. Heavy
metals.
as part of the National Eutrophication PB80-121049
etehfV (NES) were used to test the consequences of
ODfinn. ;erent Phosphorus control options. The control
(nem i?i luded detergent limitations, municipal treat-
b'natiAn comr°l, nonpolnt source control and com-
PC A16/MF A01
,
of tertiary sewage treatment and nonpolnt
control. The results indicated that although site
lake > 8tud|es should be conducted for any given
Would h a 9a"eral rule detergent phosphorus control
Pal en marginal value. A combination of munici-
•ourr-o and a sl>rty Percent reduction in nonpoint
oantf « w°utd reduce average lake phosphorus con-
Bta^ation from 0.084 mg/l to 0.029 mg/l. It was found
j" nonpoint source control was more effective in In-
"wing the number ot lakes with less than 0.025 mg/l
Proceedings of the Symposium on Experimental
Modal* for Pulmonary Research Held at Hilton
Head Island, South Carolina on February 5-7,
1979,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Donald E. Gardner, Edward P. C. Hu, and Judith A.
Graham. Jun 79,357p' EPA/600/9-79/022
The report is the proceedings of a symposium con-
vened at Hyatt on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina,
February 5-7,1979. This volume consists of 23 formal
presentations that cover the five major areas dis-
cussed during the symposium: permeability of respira-
tory epithelium and pulmonary phagocytes; respiratory
tract immunity: model systems of respiratory infectious
diseases; regulation of mucus secretion and cellular
differentiation; and pharmacological modulation in the
lung. The purpose of this symposium is to exchange
research approaches and techniques with experts in
the scientific community and to explore the possible
application of these new model system and tech-
niques for studying environmental effects on pulmo-
nary health.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Respiratory system, Models,
Pharmacology, Infectious diseases, Immunity,
Cells(Biology), Air pollution, Lung, Humans, Environ-
mental effects, Mucus, Air pollution etfects(Humans),
Animal models.
PB80-121072 PC A20/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Reviews ot the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: VII. Laad. Final rept. May 75-Mar 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Mary Anne Bell, Robert A. Ewing, Garson A. Lutz,
Verna L. Holoman, and Bernard Paris. Jut 78,475p*
EPA/600/1-78/029
Contracts EPA-68-03-2608, EPA-68-01-1837
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Environmental Health.
The document is a review of the scientific literature on
the biological and environmental effects of lead. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to lead and specific lead compounds: physical
and chemical properties; occurrence; synthesis and
use; analytical methodology; biological aspects in
microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals,
and humans; distribution mobility, and persistence in
the environment; and an assessment of present and
potential health and environmental hazards, including
lead in packaged foods. More than 950 references are
cited. The document also contains an evaluation of po-
tential hazard resulting from lead contamination in the
environment and suggests current research needs.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, 'Lead poison-
ing, Carcinogens, Distribution, Reviews, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Interactions, Microorga-
nisms, Plants(Botany), Animals, Humans, Assess-
ments, Analyzing, Metabolism, Children, Epidemiolo-
gy, Environmental effects, 'Toxic substances, Analyti-
cal methods, Carcinogenesis.
PB80-121080 PC A02/MF A01
Structures of Some Kepone Photoproducts and
Related Chlorinated Pentacyclodecanes by
Carbon-13 and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Reso-
nance. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Nancy K. Wilson, and Robert D. Zehr. 5 Sep 78,7p
EPA/600/J-79/038
Pub. in Jnl. of Organic Chemistry, v44 n8 p1278-1282,
13 Apr 79.
The pesticide Kepone, l,1a,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6-decach-
lorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-
cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one, the related compounds
mirex, kelevan, a monohydro photoproduct of kelevan,
kepone alcohol, kepone hydrate, and the mono- and
dihydro photoproducts of Kepone hydrate and the
mono- and dihydro photoprodcucts of Kepone hydrate
in hydrocarbon solution were examined by 13C and 1H
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The Kepone pho-
toproducts were isolated directly from the photolysis
products for the first time. Their structures were deter-
mined unequivocally to be 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b-nona-
chlorooctahydro-1,3,4,-rrtetheno-2H-
cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one (monohydrokepone) and
1,1 a,3,3a,4,5,5a-octa-chlorooctahydro-1,3,4-
metheno-2H-cyclobuta(ed)pentalen-2-
one(dihydrokepone). The NMR data indicate that the
major monohydro photoproduct of kelevan Is that with
the hydrogen substituent at the 3a or 5b position, anti
to the OH substituent. In solution, Kepone can exist as
a carbonyl from and as its hydrate, a gem-diol. These
do not equilibrate at ambient temperatures on the
NMR time scale. Without stringent drying, only the
gem-diol forms of Kepone and its mono- and dihydro
photoproducts are observed. Variable temperature 1H
NMR studies of monohydrokepone gem-diol indicated
that it does not form intramolecular hydrogen bands,
but forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds to other
December 1983 787
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
monqhydrokepone molecules and to water. This re-
sults in dirtier formation, with a rapid monomer-dimer
equilibrium and proton exchange between monomers,
dlmers, and water at ambient temperatures.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Photo-
chemical reactions, 'Molecular structures, Tracer
studies, Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Carbon 13,
Dimerization, Reprints, "Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, 'Cyclobutalpentalenone/nonchloraoctahydro-
metheno, "Cyclobutapentalenane/octachloroactahy-
dro-metheno, Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance), Cyclobutapentalenone/decachlorooctohydro-
metheno, Kepone.
PB80-121171 PC A16/MF A01
Journal Holdings Report -1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Resources and Services Branch.
Nov 79,367p EPA-IRSB-70-05
See also report for Year 1978, PB-287 548.
The report is the sixth annual Journal Holdings Report
of the EPA Library System. It represents the holdings
of all EPA libraries and contains approximately 3,300
titles and 8,840 holdings.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, 'Catalogs(Publications),
Libraries, Books, Periodicals, Abstracts, Public health,
Soils, Subject indexing, Environmental surveys, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Ocean environments, Manage-
ment, Noise pollution, Pesticides, Urban areas,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Wastes, Ecology, Authors,
Radiation, National government, 'Union catalogs, En-
vironmental Protection Agency.
PB80-121221 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sources of Atmospheric Cadmium. Final rept.,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Robert Coleman. Aug 79,116p* EPA-450/5-79-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2836
This report is pne of a series of reports which will be
used by EPA in responding to the Congressional re-
quest under section 122 of the Clean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1977 to determine whether atmospheric
emissions of cadmium pose any threat to public health.
This report surveys the used of cadmium and potential
emission sources to determine which sources are the
most significant both in terms of total emissions and
potential ambient levels. It is estimated that about 850
tons of cadmium were emitted during 1974, with the
largest estimated emitted of cadmium being the pro-
duction of zinc. Other sources identified were inciner-
ators, iron and steel mills, fossil fuel combustion,
smelters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Cadmium, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Utilization, Electroplat-
ing, Paints, Plastics, Incinerators, Iron and steel indus-
try, Concentration(Composition), Process charting,
Nickel cadmium batteries, Smelting, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Trends, Forecasting, Emission
factors.
PB80-121396 PC A02/MF A01
Sampling Parameters for Sulfate Measurement
and Characterization. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jim L. Cheney, and James B. Homolya. 29 Dec 78,7p
EPA/600/J-79/045
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, v13,
n5,p584-588, May 79.
Evaluations of critical sampling parameters have been
performed for primary sulfate measurement and char-
acterization with a selective condensation method. It
was found that filtration temperature and sampling
flow rate were the critical parameters and that sam-
pling conducted using variations of the parameters
would result In incomparable data. It was also found
that a viable temperature controlled H2SO4 collection
device could replace the Qoksoyr-Ross coil and allevi-
ate H2SO4 recovery and pressure drop problems
which are common to the methodology.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Gas analysis, Electric power
plants, Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Sam-
pling, Condensing, Probes, Chemical analysis, Flue
gases, Boilers, Sulfuric acid, Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Air pollution sampling, EPA method 6, Coal
fired power plants.
PB80-121411 PCA09/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preservation of Reactor Test Unit and Desulfurl-
zatlon of Gob Pile Samples. Final rept. Jun 78-Jul
79,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
W. D. Hart, L. C. McClanathan, R. A. Meyers, and D. M.
Wever. Nov 79,190p EPA-600/7-79-240
Contract EPA-68-02-1880
The report gives results of preservation and desulfuri-
zation studies associated with the Reactor Test Unit
(RTU), an 8-ton per day test plant used in the EPA-
sponsored development of the Meyers Process for
ferric sulfate leaching of pyritic sulfur from coal. RTU
operation in 1977 and 1978 showed that it could be run
continuously on three shifts to reduce the sulfur con-
tent of the feed coal to meet the 1.2 Ib SOx Emission
Standard for New Stationary Sources. Corrosion was
encountered in the stainless steel main reactor vessel
which required modification prior to further testing. The
present program provides a complete corrosion as-
sessment, established specifications for a tail-end ele-
mental sulfur extraction unit, and developed mainte-
nance and upkeep requirements for the RTU. A
Meyers Process modification, involving a preliminary
float and sink operation in the ferric sulfate leach solu-
tion, followed by Meyers processing of the sink (high
pyrite) fraction was investigated at bench scale. Exper-
imental verification and applicability assessment of
this new approach was performed on both coal wastes
and Eastern Interior Basin run-of-mine coal.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Corrosion prevention,
'Chemical reactors, Desulfurization, Leaching, Pyrite,
Assessments, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Equipment, Cost analysis,
Extraction, Pilot plants, *Air pollution abatement,
'Meyers process, Float sink fractionation.
PB80-121437 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
Planned Community. Application of the Storm
Water Management Model. Volume I. Final rept.
1973-76,
Espey, Huston and Associates, Inc., Austin, TX.
Elvidio V. Diniz, and William H. Espey, Jr. Jul 79,182p
EPA/600/2-79-050C
Grant EPA-802433
A Management strategy for utilization of water re-
sources in the planned community of The Woodlands,
near Houston, Texas, was developed by modification
and application of the EPA Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM). The capacity of the SWMM to model
urban runoff quantity has been improved to include the
'natural' drainage concepts of The Woodlands and the
infiltration computation model in the SWMM is now ca-
pable of operating with a rainfall record which includes
periods of zero rainfall. Three new subroutines gener-
ate normalized area-discharge curves for natural sec-
tions, model baseflow conditions, and model the oper-
ation of porous pavements, respectively. Verification
of the SWMM with regard to suspended solids and
BODS was attempted and modifications to predict
COD, Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrates and phosphates were
performed. This innovative water quality modeling
scheme was proved very successful in predicting
future effects of urbanization.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
•Urban areas, Mathematical models, Drainage, Base
flow, Rainfall, Biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrogen,
Inorganic nitrates, Pavements, Watersheds, Fluid infil-
tration, Texas, 'Urban hydrology, SWMM model,
'Storm water runoff. Suspended solids,
HoustonfTexas).
PB80-121445 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Example Control Strategy for Ozone. Volume 1.
General Guidance for Nonattalnment Areas. Final
rSpt- /~A
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
Apr 79,133p EPA/450/2-79/001 A,, OAQPS-1.2-1^"
Contract EPA-68-02-3001
See also Volume 2, PB-297 800.
This guideline presents information to assist States
and local agencies in preparing ozone control al'*l°
gies for nonattainment areas. The guidance snouiau*
most useful in preparing 1982 State Implementation
Plan revisions. The guideline covers the 'p110*"!?
topics: Intergovernmental Cooperation, Developmeru
and Assessment of Air Quality and Emissions L»W,
Modeling to Related Air Quality to Emissions, Control
Strategy Analysis and Assessment, Plan Adopto",
and the Continuing Planning Process. This voium»
covers general guidance to nonattainment areas.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Guidelines, State government,
Standards, Assessments, Management planning,.u"
Concentration(Composition), Inventories, Cost analy-
sis, Forecasting, Air pollution, Substitutes, Sources,
Technology, 'Xir quality, 'Air pollution abatement.
sis, i-orecastmg, Air pollution, substitutes, juu.----
Technology, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement',
Reasonably available control technology, State imp'"
mentation plans.
PB80-121528 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. ..
Laboratory Evaluation of Methods to Separaw
Fine Grained Sediment from Storm Water, r-inai
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. St. Anthony Falls Hy-
draulic Lab. ,_.
L M. Bergstedt, J. M. Wetzel, and J. A. Cardie. Jul '»•
43p EPA/600/2-79/076
Contract EPA-R-803579
A literature survey had been conducted by the St. An-
thony Falls Hydraulic laboratory to assess vanouj
methods for separation of sediment from storm waw
at construction sites. Two methods have shown sorw
promise in this application, and a research Pr°9.£".
was initiated with the objective of evaluating the eire*
tiveness of the methods in removing fine grained in"1
ganic solids from water. Experimental facilities wei
set up to test full-scale units of an inclined tube sero^
and a Discostrainer in an environment i
that in the field. These units were tested for rerr
efficiencies of inorganic solids with sizes less than11 «Y
microns and influent concentrations of about 0*>
mg/l. Measurements were made of the influent ana w
fluent concentrations for various flow rates througn11"»
systems. Results indicated that the installation or w
inclined tube settler also reduced the sensitivity or «j
overflow rate on the efficiency of sediment rernovo.
Limited tests with alum added to the influent to'»
crease flocculation indicated about 6 percent improj"
ment in removal efficiency. The Discostrainer w»
found to be extremely sensitive to influent solids ca><
centration. Thirty percent solids removal was the ma*1
mum attained for the tests conducted.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Strainer*
'Stream pollution, 'Runoff, Settlers(Separators), rj»
formance evaluation, Flow rate, Removal, Efficient
Flocculating, Tests, 'Storm water runoff.
PB80-121544 PCAOS/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinna",
OH
Field Testing of Prototype Acoustic Emission
Sewer Flowmeter. Final rept. 6 Jul 77-6 Oct 78, h
Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NY. Researci
K. M. Foreman. Aug 79, 80p RE-566, EPA/600/2-79-
084
Contract EPA-68-03-2525
See also report dated May 76, PB-253 383.
This investigation concerns verifying the operatinp
principles of the acoustic emission flowmeter' §>£*
Patent 3,958,458) in the natural environment of tnw
different storm sewer field sites in Nassau Ooam-
New York. The flowmeter is a novel, passive, nonn
sive method that uses the local sound resulting j>o"
the partial transformation of the flow energy at a cna'^
nel or conduit discontinuity. Any change of u,i.
cross section or flow direction qualifies as a "I8C.°,LS
nuity. The result show that the flowmeter princlpi00
788 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
eter ^ 1 59® storrri sewers of 60 inch (1.5 m) diam-
holea™ flow rates up to about 7500 gpm. A man-
rȣ5pe?rs to bs suitable for sensor installation. The
.
scale sitf 80md s'9nal intensity to flow rate at full
rymniX . aPPears amenable to small scale laborato-
"oael simulation according to scaling laws.
!: *Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers, 'Flow-
AcoustU • oustlc measurement, Flow measurement,
met«« i?l9,n,atures' Experimental design, Sound level
ability tests' Comparison, Flow rate, Accept-
PC A23/MF A01
cmisain_~ — Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
S°," C°n'ral Technology Div. X
»M Pii!i *?tlon 0< Sulfates, Odor, Smoke, POM
Qln«» o late» 'rom Light and Heavy Duty En-
s0utnwr«oix-Rna| rePi- *ju| 76-2° °ct ?8'
Karl j^^^hjnst, San Antonio, TX
unreifiEJrtJexPa.nds EPA's data base on regulated and
tnjcks T ,?missions from Diesel Powered cars and
">ade'tJ • . extent possible, comparisons were
enoinas lmilar vehictes powered by gasoline fueled
fom>anr.'= missions' fuel economy and general per-
VoiklS of a pair of gasoline- and Diesel-powered
'Ja'*it andOldsmobile Cutlass cars are
eluded «i '. Lharacterization of heavy-duty engines in-
both nuMack ETAY(B)673A and a Caterpillar 3208,
8 |8> and a Chevrolet 366 gasoline fueled
5air 0( Daimler-Benz Diesels, one turbo-
n. . the other not' were used to evaluate the
^em *«lu.l$ocharPin9- A high pressure injection
to th« .,*** tried with the Mack engine and compared
UIM I tn i •"* system. A Caterpillar 3406 Diesel was
. te the effect of injection timing, com-
5I«em and exhaust gas reclrculation on ex-
Paniculate and other emissions.
sr1 *Alr Pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Sul-
•* CnH?ors' Smoke, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
hW«iD ,?, d|oxlde, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Alde-
vehH,. a.rt,iole 8lze distribution, Fuels, Metals, Motor
'Die*.?' , 8M dutv vehicles, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
•*' engine exhaust, Benzopyrenes.
,,,,lranm PC AS1/MF A01
e«»cti«ental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Pr»etui*nvM of Soil and Water Conservation
T lor Pollution Control. Final rept. Oct 76-
Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
i, and Raymond C. Loehr. Oct 79,
A
-
A-R.804925
"Won?6"?*1 water lowa- Texas, and Georgia. The
d^ environmental benefit of SWCPs was deter-
l«iwa °f sediment and total phosphorus from crop-
mgjr-Conservation tillage is often a cost-effective
PasticS reducing losses of sediment, nutrients, and
"Odni-;68 because it can be implemented with little or
ge«ease in crop yields.
•»»on ij lmPact. Soil erosion, Runoff, Water conser-
Co»t I;,,Mathematical models, Linear programming,
effectiveness, Income, CNS model, CPM model.
••fita...
^Hvi '^252 PC A04/MF A01
Srigi^rnental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
?P*'lScl7*POrt'" Marlc°Pa County, Arizona. Final
^* univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
S. Suck, E. Upchurch, and J. Brock. Sep 79,51 p EPA/
600/3-79-082
Grant EPA-803660
Numerical simulations have been carried out for ambi-
ent air supermicrometric paniculate concentrations in
Maricopa County, Arizona during late fall and winter
periods of atmospheric stability. Results of model stud-
ies are in approximate agreement with limited field ob-
servational data. On the basis of the model studies,
observed high participate concentrations in Maricopa
County urban areas during late fall and winter periods
of atmospheric stability are associated with local fugi-
tive dust sources. Because of light drainage winds
prevalent during these periods, advective transport of
dust from countryside to the urban areas is not an im-
portant contribution to urban supermicrometric particu-
late concentrations. Surface roughness, dry deposi-
tion, and source strengths are among the most impor-
tant determinants of ground level concentrations. Re-
duction in ground level concentrations could be effect-
ed through control of dust emissions, as well as by
planting trees and other foliage to increase surface
roughness and particle deposition. An adequate and
practical predictive model, along the lines of the cur-
rent model, could be developed for Maricopa County
as well as for other urban areas in high desert regions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, Dust, Winter,
Autumn, Computerized simulation, Mathematical
models, Maricopa County(Arizona), Phoenix(Arizona),
Scottsdale(Arizona), AROSOL computer program.
PB80-122280 PC A06/MF A01
Freshwater Algae of Raa Lakes Basin, Kings
Canyon National Park (California),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
William D. Taylor. Jul 79,119p EPA/600/3-79/080
This report Illustrates and characterizes algae (exclu-
sive of diatoms) found In Kings Canyon National Park,
California and describes their distribution among the
Hae Lakes within. It is the first taxonomlc study of the
freshwater algae for the southern Sierra Nevada and
the most comprehensive for the range. It serves as a
reference manual for the Identification of algae In
alpine and subalpine regions and establishes baseline
data for future Investigations. More than half (113) of
the 210 forms encountered were desmids (Chloro-
phyta).
Keywords: 'Fresh water, 'Algae, *Rae Lakes, Taxon-
omy, Identifying, Olstribution(Property), Chlorophyta,
Sierra Nevada Mountains, Manuals, Kings Canyon Na-
tional Park, Baseline studies.
PBBO-122278 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Oxldant-Precurcor Relationships. Final rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Edgar R. Stephens, and Oscar P. Hellrlch. Aug 79,74p
EPA/600/3-79-076
Grant EPA-R-803799
New methods of ambient air analysis were used to
define more clearly the relationships between oxidants
and their precursors. Non-methane hydrocarbons,
NOx, O2, and oxidants were measured at the same
time and location (Riverside, California). The ambient
air data presented in this report are displayed as a
series of conditional joint distributions, the correla-
tions range from excellent-ozone vs oxidant-to poor
or bimodal-ozone with nonmethane-ethane organics
(NMEO) or with NOx. The ratio of NMEO to NOx was
always higher than indicated by inventories and
showed a large scatter. No depletion of NMEO with re-
spect to acetylene could be detected.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Photochemistry,
'Gas analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Chemi-
cal analysis, Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Laboratory equipment, 'Air pollution detection, "Air
quality.
PB80-122336 PC A21/MF A01
Radiological Impact Caused by Emissions of Ra-
dlonuclldes Into Air In the United States: Prelimi-
nary Report Technical rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 79, 481p* EPA/520/7-79-006
The report presents a preliminary analysis of the radio-
logical impact caused by emissions of radionuclides
into air from major source categories in the United
States. Assessments were made on source categories
which were divided into four major groups: (1) facilities
licensed by the NRC or States under agreement with
NRC; (2) facilities operated and regulated under the di-
rection of DOE; (3) facilities emitting naturally occur-
ring radioactive materials; and (4) other minor sources
of emissions. For each source category, a model facili-
ty was selected and for this model facility an estimate
was made of the amount of radionuclides released into
air, the radiation dose to individuals of the whole popu-
lation, the lifetime risk to individuals, and number of
fatal cancers in the exposed population per year of fa-
cility operation. Section 122 of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977 (Public Law 95-95) directed the
Administrator of EPA to review all relevant information
and determine whether emissions of radioactive pollut-
ants into ambient air will cause air pollution which
could endanger public health. The assessment was
made to support this determination.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, Facilities, United
States, Air pollution, Emission, Public health, Assess-
ments, 'Radiation pollution, 'Environmental health.
PB80-122344 PC A99/MF A01
Forest Service, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for Oregon, Water Yaar
1978. Water data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 79,669p USGS/WRD/HD-79-027, USGS-WDR-
78-1
Sponsored in part by Forest Service, Washington, DC.,
and Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources
Dept, Salem., and Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife,
Portland. See also report for Water Year 1977, PB-289
316.
Water resources Data for the 1978 water year for
Oregon consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, ana water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality in wells and springs. This report contains
discharge records for 178 gaging stations; stage only
records for 10 gaging stations; stage and contents for
44 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 85 gaging
stations, and water levels for 95 observation wells.
Also included are 91 crest-stage partial-record sta-
tions. These data represent that part of the National
Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and co-operating State and Federal agencies
In Oregon.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Oregon,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Water wells, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-122419 PC A02/MF A01
Tire Programs • Several Approaches with Signifi-
cant Potential to Decrease Fuel Consumption.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn Thompson. Jun 79,11 p SDSB-79/21
Several approaches have been identified which have
the potential to significantly reduce annual fuel con-
sumption. The approaches are an information program
to allow consumer selection of fuel-efficient tires and
incorporation of tire inflation pressure maintenance in
existing or planned inspection programs. A tire infor-
mation program has the potential to reduce fuel con-
sumption by 3 billion gallons annually. An annual infla-
tion inspection and maintenance program could be ex-
pected to save approximately 300 million gallons. A
consumer information program on the fuel economy
aspects of tire inflation pressures could also be cost
effective. The report discusses these several ap-
proaches to save several billion gallons of gasoline an-
nually.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Fuel consumption,
Tires, Pressure measurement, Maintenance, Inspec-
tion, Consumer affairs, Information, 'Fuel economy,
•Tire inflation pressure, 'Tire inspection.
December 1983 789
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-122443 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization o1 Gaseous and Participate
Emissions from Light Duty Diesels Operated on
Various Fuels. Final rapt.,
Southwest-Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Charles T. Hare. Jul 79,342p EPA/460/3-79/008
Contract EPA-68-03-2440
Gaseous and paniculate emissions of a non-routine
nature were measured in the exhausts of two light-duty
Diesel-powered automobiles. These vehicles were a
Mercedes 240D and a Volkswagen Rabbit Diesel. Visi-
ble exhaust smoke, regulated gaseous pollutants, and
exhaust odor were also measured. Five fuels were
used in tis investigation, representing broad ranges in
sulfur content, hydrocarbon-type composition, density,
centane index, and a number of other properties. Vehi-
cle operating procedures used for test purposes in-
cluded both those specified in Federal Regulations
and several others simulating different driving situa-
tions. Gas samples were acquired from both direct and
dilute exhaust streams. Paniculate samples were
taken using an exhaust dilution tunnel operating on the
entire exhaust stream of each engine. Filter-collected
participate weights provided the basis for particulate
mass emission calculations. The results of a statistical
analysis of the particulate emissions data is included
as in an analysis of gaseous emissions and particulate
size data.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, Particle size, Odors,
Sampling, Concentration(Compositipn), Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Probes, Air
pollution, Tables(Data), Computer programs, 'Light
duty vehicles, 'Diesel engine exhaust, "Automobile
exhaust, *Air pollution sampling.
PB80-122484 PC A02/MF A01
A Gas-Exchange System (or Assessing Plant Per-
formance In Response to Environmental Stress,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
G. E. Taylor, Jr., and D. T. Tingey. Oct 79,25p EPA/
600/3-79/108
Anthropogenic stresses are increasingly common as
environmental factors affecting the performance of
plants in both natural and agro-ecosystems. There is a
need to determine how these stresses may influence
vital physiological processes in plants. This report doc-
uments the design, construction and performance of a
whole-plant, gas-exchange system that can accurately
monitor gas flux (e.g., carton dioxide, water vapor, pol-
lutants) Between plants and the atmospheric environ-
ment. From these data, rates of key physiological
processes-photosynthesis, transpiration, gaseous
uptake and emission-can be assessed. Example stud-
ies are reported on the uptake of sulfur dioxide by
plants and emissions of monoterpenes from plants.
Keywords: *Plants(Botany), "Plant physiology, 'Envi-
ronment simulators, 'Gas exchange, Photosynthesis,
Transpiration, Environments, Atmospheres, Physiolog-
ical effects, Responses, Assessments, Air pollution,
Ecosystems, Environmental factors, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB80-122575 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Automated Measurements of Infrared Spectra of
Chromatographlcally Separated Fractions. Final
rept. Apr 76-Oct 78,
Ohio Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Peter R. Griffiths. Oct 79,81 p EPA/600/4-79/064
Grant EPA-R-804333-01
The rapid identification of trace organic pollutants in
water presents one of the more severe problems for
environmental analytical chemists today. Spectrosco-
pic identifications of chromatographically separated
fractions, preferably without trapping each sample,
yields more certain identification of each peak. To opti-
mize the sensitivity of infrared measurements of gas
chromatographic effluents, the optimal dimensions for
the light-pipe gas cells were first calculated. The trans-
mittance of light-pipes with these optimized dimen-
sions is so high that the signal-to-noise ratio of the
single-beam interferograms measured using a mercury
cadmium telluride photodetector is limited by digitiza-
tion noise. To get around this problem, the application
of dual-beam Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
was tested and the sensitivity of measurements was
four times greater than the single beam measurement.
Detection limits of less than 1 ppb were observed
when this system was applied to trace organics in
water. SCOT columns and shorter light pipes were ex-
pected to produce detection limits below 10 ng. The
application of dual-beam FT-IR spectroscopy to the
online indentification of peaks eluting from a high per-
formance liquid chromatograph was investigated. Typi-
cal detection limits in excess of 10 micro g were found,
which are too great for general analytical work. Spec-
tra of submicrogram quantities were measured in pre-
liminary work with a system based on diffuse reflec-
tance measurements of deposited solutes on KCI
powder. The sensitivity of techniques for the in situ
identification of species on specially prepared thin-
layer chromatographic plates was improved by the ap-
plication of programmed multiple development. Detec-
tion limits of 100 ng could be achieved in less than 5
seconds data acquisition time, and limits of 10 ng
could be achieved after extended signal-averaging.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, 'Gas chromatog-
raphy, 'Water analysis, Performance evaluation,
Liquid chromatography, Laboratory equipment, Sam-
ples, Optical equipment, Thin layer chromatography,
Gas analysis, Separation, Water pollution, 'Fourier
transform spectroscopy, "Water pollution detection.
PB80-122583 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Evaluation of Present Chemical Standards In Re-
lationship to In Situ Marine Water Quality Meas-
urements,
Interstate Electronics Corp., Anaheim, Ca. Oceanic
Engineering Div.
D. G. Deliman, D. G. Harden, L. L Launer, M. D.
Sands, and H. G. Stanley. Apr 79,69p EPA/600/7-79/
Prepared for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Rockville, MD.
The purpose of the program was to determine what
standards are currently available, their suitability for
validating present in-situ water quality measurements,
and to assess the accuracy of measurement traceabi-
lity from the in-situ instrument to a recognized stand-
ard. The ease with which in-situ systems gather large
volumes of data pertinent to environmental studies,
pollution monitoring, and other applications is such
that their continued use and growth is assured. Be-
cause their use is recent, inattention to establishing
standards has made suspect the absolute accuracy of
the data and thus, the comparability between data
sets. Most users have devised their own techniques of
assuring the relative accuracy of their in-situ data, but
no recognized standard techniques exist. It was found
that deficiencies exist in two areas: (1) lack of an ade-
quate (multiple point) primary standard for some pa-
rameters (e.g., salinity and dissolved oxygen); and (2)
failure by in-situ system users to follow standard meth-
ods (where they exist) for calibration and standardiza-
tion. The study recommends the establishment of
standard reference materials and methods for calibra-
tion and standardization to assure accuracy of param-
eters measured in-situ. It is further recommended in
the study that development of specific means to
achieve the traceability to standards be initiated.
Keywords: Monitors, Performance evaluation, Calibrat-
ing, Standards, Error analysis, Sampling, Water pollu-
tion, Sites, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB80-122591 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Fugitive Dust at the Paraho OH Shale Demonstra-
tion Retort and Mine. Final rept. Aug-Nov 77,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
J. E. Cotter, D. J. Powell, and C. Habenicht. Oct 79,
89p EPA/600/7-79/208
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
A fugitive dust sampling program was conducted at
Anvil Points, Colorado, site of the Paraho mining and
oil shale retorting operations. High-volume samplers
were used extensively for fugitive dust collection, and
175 total suspended particulate calculations are re-
ported for measurements made at the mine adits, the
haul road, raw shale crushing area, and the spent
shale transfer area. Supporting meteorological data is
also given as well as background dust measurements.
Particulate size distribution calculations were derived
from 36 cascade impactor samples at the above loca-
tions. Elemental chemical analysis results are r8Por!fj
for eighteen elements from each of twenty selec':r
high-volume sampler collections. In addition, ™flm¥
six samples were extracted for organic cc
extractions were then fractionated by the _.
Level 1 method, and eight organic classification trw-
tions are quantitatively given. The significance of tnes
findings is summarized, and recommendations
work are stated.
Keywords: 'Dust collectors, 'Gas analysis, *Oilsha|e'
"Retorts(Reactors), Distillation, Particle size ffistrlDu
tion, Colorado, Impactors, Extraction, Organic com
pounds, Design, Sites, Chemical analysis, Sam™™'
Inorganic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions,
method 1, Anvil Points(Colorado).
PB80-122609 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH. „...
Seattle Tolt Water Supply Mixed Asbestlform «••
moval Study. Appendix D. Final rept. May 76-N°»
78,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
Gregory J. Kirmeyer. Aug 79,297p EPA/600/2-79/
126
Grant EPA-R-804422
See also PB80-117591.
For 1 1/2 years the Seattle Water Department con-
ducted direct filtration pilot plant studies at 'he_^a
Reservoir, obtaining data on techniques to
amphibole and chrysotile asbestos from >
water. Research showed that filtered water J
should be 0.1 ntu or lower in order to erf
remove fibers. Flocculation was necessary but sw
mentation was not. Amphibole fibers are more reaiw
removed than chrysotile, but both types could be i
duced to below detectable limits or to not statistical?
significant counts by treatment with alum, lime a"rL.j
filter aid. This appendix lists flow schematics tesiw
during the pilot study and contains plots of heaaiu=>
and turbidity vs. time for each filter run.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Filtration, 'Water treatrn^*
Pilot plants, Flowcharting, Sampling, Turbidity, £»**
lation, Alums, Calcium oxides, Polymers, AmphiDO"'.t
Serpentine, Graphs(Charts), Washington(State), '"
Reservoir, Seattle(Washington).
PB80-122617 PC A07/MF A°1
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinn
OH.
Adapting Woody Species and Planting
nlques to Landfill Conditions, Field and La!
ry Investigations. Rept. for Jan 76-Sep 78,
Cook Coll., New Brunswick, NJ.
Ida A. Leone, Franklin B. Flower, Edward F. G|lm.a,;,8
and John J. Arthur. Aug 79, 136p EPA/600/2-79/1''0
Contract EPA-R-803762-02-3
A study was undertaken to determine which tree sp
cies can best maintain themselves in a landfill env>> ^
ment; to investigate the feasibility of preventing '*!'ies
gas from penetrating the root zone of selected spe^
By using gas-barrier techniques; and to ideri"!*)flirr
(those) factor(s) which are most important in.ma|r™J|(j.
ing adequate plant growth on completed sanitary»»
fills. Ten replicates of nineteen woody species " j-y
planted on a ten-year old completed sanitary w"^
and five gas-barrier systems were constructed. uii
nineteen species planted on the landfill blac ato
proved most tolerant and honey locust least toleran^
anaerobic landfill conditions. Of the five r
systems tested, three proved effective in l- .
penetration of gas into the root systems o' HJS ."fid
species. Investigations into the effects of c° ,? is
CH4 contaminated soil indicated that red mapi° is
more tolerant to the presence of these gases tna
sugar maple.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Trees(Plants), "Plant 8.rf.lKon
Acclimatization, Feasibility, Gases, Methane, <-*!."rgr
dioxide, Tolerances(Physiology), Planting, Bavj0|s-
Map'e trees, Survival, Fertilizers, Soil properties, M«
ture, Field tests, Tomato plants, Damage, New Jera
•Sanitary landfills, Roots.
PB80-122625
PC A07/
-
Environmental Protection Agency, New York,
MF A°
II.
790 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
RnaU Qrowth Fact«>rs 'or the Niagara Frontier.
Regi°nal
ew York ^ate Implementation Plan re-
ArBB ti r- iagara Frontier Air Quality Maintenance
Board h a™ N'agara Counties Regional Planning
Provided growth factors for the years 1982
using 1975 as the base year for area
bilities within Erie and Niagara Counties
and
h
matter Sonerate either sulphur dioxide or particulate
ODSH «' Iowtn factors for 23 area sources were devel-
Srowth * . 9rid cells witnin the Erie-Niagara Region.
tacilitlao , Tables(Data), New York, "Emission
York) AV ,,CountX(New York)' Niagara CountyfNew
'• Air Pollution forecasts, Long range forecasting.
pc A09/MF A01
arc
PeDCr!!cty -FGD Survey: February-March 1979,
M SmSl fcnv|ronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
' Koger Jul 79' 1 88D EPA/
by
diff
-295 650, and PB-299 399.
by ar2?ort is the second in a series of four generated
fers « oornP operating history, and actual perform-
*nd dio lncludes "nit by unit dependability parameters
trie S usses problems and solutions associated with
and FT fv8 and FGD systems. Process flow diagrams
^u system economic data are appended.
trol 3[c's: *E|ectn'c power plants, *Air pollution con-
Survei!!, ,rs' *F!ue gases' Performance evaluation,
'noustrial wastes, Combustion products,
, Cost analysis.
PC AOB/MF A01
Pgrk jV Cental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
FOrn!Mi0t the Role of NOx In Nonurban Ozone
SR|f*tl0n- Final rePt-
J. R 'Rational, Menlo Park, CA.
EPAAJUJ"162' ar|d H. B. Singh. Sep 79, 156p 6780-8,
Corl 4-79-035
nlfactePA-66-02-2835
i surveys and summarizes current knowledge
"on Mlne role of ox^68 of nitrogen (NOx) in the forma-
irioiui 020ne (O3) in nqnurban areas. Project elements
anrJi \ "terature review, a survey of expert opinion,
«hou, .ualyses of ''eld data. The results of the study
Sons, hat Present knowledge about NOx/O3 interac-
bnnH? nontjrban areas is fragmentary, and that there
itot wfOCt (limntitfiti\/a Htsc^rintirtn r\t tha linLr hatu/aan
tt^Principia mechanism associated with ozone levels
{ exceed 100 ppb. The analysis further suggests
^ansport times of the order of six to eight hours
nost likely to be associated with the high ozone
at these sites.
'Nitrogen oxides, *Ozone, 'Surveys,
Conlvl0™ reactions, Transport properties, Sites,
tn,^ritration(Composition), Sources, Mathematical
?; Camplin, Rural areas, *Air ollution Sam-
' Air q
Rural areas, *Air pollution Sam-
, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB80-122831 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN
Effects of Nutrient Enrichment, Light Intensity
and Temperature on Growth of Pnytoplankton
from Lake Huron. Final rept. 1 May 73-31 Oct 76,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
C Kwei Lin, and Claire L. Schelske. Oct 79,79p EPA/
600/3-79/049
Contract EPA-R-800965
This report contains a seasonal study on effects of nu-
trient enrichment, light and temperature on the growth
of natural phytoplankton and three species of cultured
diatoms. Natural phytoplankton assemblages collect-
ed monthly from April to December 1975, in southern
Lake Huron were used for ten .sets of bioassays by
adding nutrients in 18 combinations directly to lake
water samples. Nutrients tested were phosphorus, ni-
trogen, silica, EDTA, trace metals and vitamins. Re-
sponses to different treatments evaluated by chloro-
phyll production and cell counts were complex and
varied seasonally. Nitrogen had the least effect and
phosphorus the greatest effect on chlorophyll produc-
tion.
Keywords: 'PhytoplanKton, 'Growth, "Lake Huron,
Temperature, LightfVisible radiation), Primary biologi-
cal productivity, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silicon dioxide,
Diatoms, Seasonal variations, Sampling, Trace ele-
ments, Chlorophylls, Metals.
PB80-122963 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: XII. Hexachlorocyclopentadlene. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Mary Anne Bell, Robert A. Ewing, and Garson A. Lutz.
Dec 78,94p* EPA/600/1-78/047
Contract EPA-68-03-2608
The document is a review of the scientific literature on
the biological and environmental effects of hexachlor-
ocyclopentadiene. Included in the review are a general
summary and a comprehensive discussion of the fol-
lowing topics as related to hexachlorocyclopenladiene
and specific hexachlorocyclopentadiene compounds:
physical and chemical properties; occurrence; synthe-
sis and use; analytical methodology; biological aspects
in microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals,
and humans; distribution mobility, and persistence in
the environment; and an assessment of present and
potential health and environmental hazards. More than
100 references are cited. The document also contains
an evaluation of potential hazard resulting from hex-
achlorocyclopentadiene contamination in the environ-
ment and suggests current research needs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reviews, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Occurrence, Synthesis(Chemistry), Animals,
Plants(Animals), Humans, Microorganisms, Hazardous
materials, Ingestion(Biology), Skin(Anatomy), Patholo-
gy, Signs and symptoms, 'Cyclopentadiene/hexach-
loro, Environmental effects. Biological effects, Analyti-
cal methodology, Environmental persistence, 'Toxic
substances.
PB60-123029 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Development of an Example Control Strategy for
Lead. Guideline series,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
Albert E. Smith, Marshall R. Monarch, Byung S. Cho,
and Danna M. Hediger. Apr 79,125p* EPA/450/2-79/
002, .QAQPS-1.2-123
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-286 409.
This guideline presents a methodology for the devel-
opment of a control strategy conforming with the re-
quirements for lead Implementation plans found in Part
51 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The
guidance presented herein illustrates, for a ficticious
three-county example area, some of the quantitative
and qualitative procedures used in developing the con-
trol strategy. The guideline covers the following topics:
development of baseline emission inventory and air
quality data; projection and allocation of emissions; ap-
plication of models and analysis of modeling results;
and the testing, evaluation, and selection of available
strategies.
Keywords; *Lead(Metal). *Air pollution control,
•Guidelines, Regulations, State government, National
government, Standards, Forecasting, Sources, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Economic analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Mathematical models, Air quality data, Emission inven-
tories, State implementation plan, Baseline measure-
ments, Point sources, Emission factors.
PB80-123037 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Shawnee Lime/Limestone Scrubbing Computer-
ized Design/Cost-Estimate Model Users Manual.
Rept. for Jan 75-Mar 79,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
C. D. Stephenson, and R. L. Torstrick. Aug 79,98p
ECDP/B-3, EPA/600/7-79/210
The manual gives a general description of the Shaw-
nee lime/limestone scrubbing computerized design/
cost-estimate model and detailed procedures for using
it. It describes all inputs and outputs, along with avail-
able options. The model, based on Shawnee Test Fa-
cility scrubbing data, includes a combination of materi-
al balance models provided to TV A by Bechtel Nation-
al, Inc., and capital-investment/revenue requirement
models developed by TVA. The model provides an es-
timate of total capital investment, first year operating
revenue requirements, and lifetime revenue require-
ments for a lime or limestone scrubbing facility. Also in-
cluded are a material balance, an equipment list, and a
breakdown of costs by processing areas. The model
should be used to project comparative economics of
lime or limestone flue gas desulfurization processes
(on the same basis as the model) or to evaluate
system alternatives before developing a detailed
design. The model is not intended for use in projecting
the final system design.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Mathematical models, Design, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Economics, Calcium oxides, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Forecasting,
Sludge disposal, Process charting, Sulfur dioxide,
Manuals, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB80-123045 PC A02/MF A01
Research for Particulate Control. EPA's Mobile
Test Vans.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
1979,18p EPA/600/8-80/001
This report discusses EPA's mobile vans and their use
in on-site aerosol monitoring. It contains a complete
explanation of what is involved in hosting a mobile par-
ticulate control van at a plant, including specifications
for installation and operation of the equipment.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, Air pollution, Air pollution con-
trol, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB80-123060 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of High NO2 Concentrations In Califor-
nia, 1975-1977,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. R. Martinez, and K. C. Nitz. Aug 79,105p 6780-12,
6780-13, EPA/450/4-79/034A
Contract EPA-68-02-2835
During the period 1975-1977,51 monitoring stations in
California collectively recorded about 1,800 sit-days in
which hourly nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations
exceeded 0.20 ppm. This work investigates potential
causes of these high NO2 events, the physical phe-
nomena involved in their occurrence, and their spatial
and temporal patterns. In addition, the potential asso-
ciation between emission sources and the frequency
and magnitude of high N02 levels at the various loca-
tions is analyzed using detailed site-description data
compiled in this study. The relationship between
annual maximum hourly levels and annual mean con-
centration is explored, and the quality of the NO2 data
is evaluated.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'California,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Sites,
Sources, Data quality, Spatial distribution. Diurnal vari-
December 1983 791
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ations, Regression analysis, Mean, 'Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB80-123409 PC A02/MF A01
Identifying a Susceptible Subgroup: Effects of the
Pittsburgh Air Pollution Episode Upon School
Children. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Population Studies Div.
James H. Stebbings, Jr., and Diane G. Fogleman. 27
Nov 78,14p EPA/600/J-79/041 .,,,,,„
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v110 n1 p27-40
1979.
Pulmonary function test results on 224 parochial
schoolchildren collected during and after the Pitts-
burgh air pollution episode of November 1975 were
reanalyzed to determine whether a small subgroup of
susceptible children could be defined. Individual re-
gressions of three-quarter second forced exploratory
volumes (FEV.75) and forced vital capacities (FVC) on
time over the six-day study period were calculated, and
the distributions of individual slopes for the four ex-
posed and two control schools were compared. Ex-
cesses of strong upward trends in the exposed areas
would suggest effects of suspended particulate air pol-
lution by indicating significant improvement following
the episode. A highly statistically significant excess of
strong upward trends in the FVC among exposed stu-
dents was observed, and was consistent by sex and by
school within sex. Approximately 10-15% of the stu-
dents appear susceptible to an average impairment of
about 20% of the FVC. The findings are limited by the
small number of subjects with strong post-episode
upward trends in the FVC, and by lack of validation by
replication of the study design, but do suggest that epi-
sode levels of suspended particulates Induce lung
damage, and that this may occur only in a small sus-
ceptible subgroup. Children with low baseline pulmo-
nary function values, histories of asthma, or with acute
respiratory symptoms immediately following the epi-
sode were not found to be especially susceptible to
these effects of suspended particulates.
Keywords: 'Children, Asthma, Air pollution, Schools,
Exposure, Respiratory diseases, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), *Plttsburgh(Pennsylvanla), Par-
ticulates, Respiratory function tests, Large volume
measurements, Allegheny County(Pennsylvania), En-
vironmental health.
PB80-123516 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Power Plant Impacts on Air Quality and Visibility:
Siting and Emission Control Implications. Final
rept.Nov78-Aug79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Douglas A. Latimer. 14 Aug 79,130p EF79-101, EPA-
230/11-79/001
Contract EPA-68-01-3947
The air quality and visibility impact of various sizes of
power plants, which emit SO2 and NOx at various
rates, was analyzed using analysis methods either rec-
ommended or likely to be accepted by the EPA. The
impact of single power plant plumes and cumulative
emissions on a regional scale were considered. Tenta-
tive conclusions are made regarding the air quality and
visibility impacts of power plants individually and
col-
lectively throughout a region and the implications of
these impacts for power plant sitings and emissions
control.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Visibility, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Plumes, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Environmental impacts, Substitutes,
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Air pollution,
Regulations, Plant location, Mathematical models, 'Air
quality, 'Air pollution abatement, Numerical solution.
PB80-123540
PC A15/MF A01
Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating
Operations-Background Information for Proposed
Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Sep 79,330p EPA/450/3-79/030
Standards of performance to control Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) from new, modified, and recon-
structed automobile and light-duty truck surface coat-
ing operations are being proposed under Section 111
of the Clean Air Act. This document contains informa-
tion on automobile and light-duty truck surface coating
operations and VOC Emission Control Technology, as
well as a discussion of the selected emission limita-
tions and the supporting data and the alternatives
which were considered. Environmental and economic
impact analyses of the proposed standards are also in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Coating processes,
'EnvironmentaTimpact statement-draft, Automobile in-
dustry, Trucks, Standards, Cost analysis, Environmen-
tal impacts, Sources, Design, Revisions, Water pollu-
tion, Solid waste disposal, Economic impacts, Law en-
forcement, 'Air pollution abatement, Light duty vehi-
cles, Stationary sources.
PB80-123557 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Evaluation of Fugitive Dust Emissions from
Mining. Rept. on Task 1 and 2.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 76,141 p
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
This evaluation of fugitive dust air pollution from mining
operations was undertaken to identify and compile cur-
rently available information on emission sources, regu-
latory approaches, control techniques, and research
programs related to mining activities. An analysis of
the assembled information will then be used as the
basis for recommending near-term research and de-
velopment programs which might be implemented by
lERL-CincinnatTto fill gaps in the data base and further
document effective control techniques for fugitive dust
from mining operations. For the more promising rec-
ommended R and 0 efforts, proposed technical ap-
proaches will also be developed. This project is com-
posed of three tasks: Task (1) Identification of fugitive
dust sources associated with mining activities; Task (2)
Assessment of current status of the environmental as-
pects of fugitive dust; Task (3) Recommendation of
promising research areas. Tasks 1 and 2 are present-
ed In this report.
Keywords: 'Mines(Excavations), 'Air pollution, 'Dust,
Air pollution control, Sources, Regulations, Coal
mines, Copper ore deposits, Rocks, Particles, Blasting,
Crushing, Loading Procedures, Cleaning, Storage,
Land reclamation, Environmental impacts, 'Fugitive
emissions, *Alr quality, 'Indoor air pollution, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Phosphate rocks, Waste disposal.
PB80-123565 PC A09/MF A01
Assessment of Energy Resource Development
Impact on Water Quality: The Belle Fourchs and
Little Missouri River Basins. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
S. M. Melancon, B. C. Hess, and R. W. Thomas. Oct
79,180p EPA/600/7-79/234
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biology.
The Belle Fourche and Little Missouri River Basins are
key areas in the Nation's search for untapped re-
sources to supplement increasing energy demands.
The basins contain vast beds of low-sulfur, strippable
coal that potentially will support a large number of
coal-fired powerplants, and gasification and liquefac-
tion complexes for conversion of coal into commercial-
ly usable power. However, utilization of these energy
resources, especially if maximum levels of expansion
are realized, is expected to have considerable impact
on water resources in the Little Missouri and Belle
Fourche River Basins. Decreased flows from energy
developments will accompany increased salt and sedi-
ment loadings. The resultant lowered water quality will
further reduce water usability for municipal, industrial
and irrigation purposes and will have adverse impacts
on the aquatic ecosystem. Water quality monitoring
needs in the basins are addressed with priority listings
of parameters for measurement to detect changes in
water quality as a result of energy resource develop-
ment.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Water pollution, 'Little Mis-
souri River Basin, 'Belle Fourche River Basin, Assess-
ments, Monitoring, Stream flow, Environmental im-
pacts, Fishes, Wildlife, Water consumption, Irrigation,
Ground water, Sediments, Salinity, Mineral deposits,
Aquatic biology, Tables(Data), Montana, Wyoming,
'Energy source development, 'Low flow, Dissolved
solids, 'Water quality data, Priorities.
PB80-123698 PC
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Off ice of Toxic Substances.
Effect of Phosphorus Control Options on
Water Quality. Final rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA. „„
Marc W. Lorenzen. Sep 79, 281 p TETRAT-TC- d» •»"•
EPA/560/11-79/011
Contract EPA-68-01 -3961 . fi he
Includes fourteen sheets of 20X reduction micros
Data collected as part of the National elo
Survey (NES) were used to test the consequence
eight different phosphorus control options. ™eflr;reat-
options included detergent limitations, municipal «"
ment plant control, nonpoint source controLa".Tnnoirit
binations of tertiary sewage treatment ana in ""r^
source control. The results indicated that amougn»
ii niui iiirfi^ai iioaiMioiii t^iciiii uiowi H.MJJ— --- fl DO**
average lake phosphorus concentration from "•
mg/l to 0.059 mg/l. It was found that nonpoint sou'
control was more effective in increasing the """ST.,,
"
lakes with less than 0.025 mg/l of total ,
than was an equivalent level of point source conwui.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution
•Lakes, Surveys, Reduction, Detergents, i
treatment, Effectiveness, c_.
Concentration(Composltion), Graphs(Charts),
ty, Mathematical models, Evaluation, Correla
niques, National Eutrophication Survey. Eu
tion, Nonpoint sources, Tertiary treatment,
loading.
PB80-124126
Automotive Exhaust and Mouse
ships between Pollutant Concentrations
creases In Wheel Running, Journal article, flW
Health Effects Research Lab., Research iw»
Park, NC.
Michael I. Gage. 1 979, 8p EPA/600/J-79/043 .
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health v3*,
p1 64-1 68 1979. Also pub. as ISSN-0003-9896.
Groups of male and female mice inhaled eM^n
air, 100 ppm carbon monoxide, or «9ht-i"adlaw" ||y
nonirridiated automotive exhaust containing norni'
25, 50, 75, or 100 ppm carbon monoxide In three > » g
with exposure lasting from 4 to 7 days. Exnausiiiw tf
factory or lean-tuned engine in the first and tnro ii x_
reversibly suppressed activity wheel running a""1?. ^
posure in mice of both sexes by as much as '<>.j ,
83.1 percent respectively. Light-irradiated e» gt
suppressed running more than nonirradiatea e*"» ^
For the second test, when the engine was tuneo i ,
low in pollutants other than carbon monoxWe, °*' ' oX-
did not suppress running. Exposure to carbon '"" JC9,
ide alone only slightly decreased running in maie
but increased running in female mice.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Exhaust 9a,se*L.atory
icity, 'Radiation effects, Mice, Exposure, LaDon»
animals, Respiration, Males, Females, Relations''^.
Activity, Concentration(Composition), Reprints," ^
mobile exhaust, 'Air pollution effects(Animals),
substances, Environmental health.
PB80-124191 PC A03/MF A<>1
Public Notification Guideline. Final rept., . fl|6
Environmental Protection Agency, Research i «8' 58.
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stanow
Joseph Sableski, William Houck, and Inez Artico. i*-
79, 32p OAQPS-1 .2-1 25R, EPA/450/2-79/005A
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Regulations, "Guidelines, Air P°J'ull;dr
Standards, Monitoring. Urban areas, Public h«alu}Lt|0n
pollution abatement, 'Air quality, State implement""
plans, Air pollution effects(Humans), Procedures.
792 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Q?l2Su24?58 PC A09/MF A01
Rr!?L. ?. Annual Pollutant Emissions East of the
P?<*y Mountains,
ciences Researcn Lab- Research Tri-
from
Tarry L. Clark. May 79,180p EPA/600/4-79/030
ye""8' Pollutant emissions of particulates, sulfur diox-
oxtoa«°8an oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon mon-
80 kl*5 point and area sources are apportioned to
,,£,?'and squares on a 35 by 30 grid network. The
80 dan is aP°lar stereographic projection true to
soirtif9 °?? "• The domain of the network includes
of tha D" 9anada and mucri of the United States east
Newc °?*y Mountains. Southern Texas and northern
tha K 9 and are omitted. In addition, the emissions of
8ou«r P°llutants are apportioned to 20-km grid
of inL on a 40 by 40 9ri
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-124480 PC A02/MF A01
Application of an Electrostatic Preclpltator for In-
strumental Sampling of Sulfurlc Acid. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Cheney, C. L. Walters, and J. B. Homolya. 23 Mar
79, 21 p EPA/600/J-79/044
Pub. in Analytical Letters, v12(A7)p783-801 1979.
A means of separating gaseous sulfuric acid from flue
gas particles has been evaluated. Previous attempts to
achieve separation by filtration resulted in retention of
the acid by the paniculate buildup on the filter surface.
A laboratory study of a prototype electrostatic precipi-
tator, followed by actual flue gas sampling, indicated
that the precipitator may eliminate the need for a filter
without affecting the measurement results. The study
also showed that the precipitator could be used pre-
ceding a prototype acid monitor for the continual moni-
toring of H2SO4 in combustion gases.
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Samplers, Separation, Laboratory equipment,
Design, Performance evaluation, Air pollution, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Reprints, *Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB80-124498 PC A02/MF A01
Cadmium Bloaccumulatlon Assays. Their Rela-
tionship to Various Ionic Equilibria In Lake Superi-
or Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
John E. Poldoski. 30 Jan 79, 8p EPA/600/J-79/042
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v13
n6p701-706 1979.
The potential use of bioaccumulation by Daphnia
magna as an analytical tool in studying properties of
various aqueous cadmium forms is described. Select-
ed aquatic chemical factors affecting cadmium resi-
dues were determined for organisms exposed to cad-
mium in the absence and presence of various organic
and inorganic chemicals, some capable of strongly
complexing cadmium. Without any added complexing
agents, steady-state relationships were observed be-
tween total aqueous cadmium concentrations and
bioaccumulated cadmium within 2-4 days of exposure.
Residues were a nonlinear function of the concentra-
tion. The presence of humic acid, pyrophosphate, or
aminopolycarboxylic acids, at sufficient concentrations
to maximize complexation, was effective-to various
degrees-in reducing cadmium uptake. However, cad-
mium in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate bioac-
cumulated to a greater degree than in its absence.
Keywords: 'Lake Superior, 'Cadmium, 'Chemical
analysis, Water pollution, Concentratipn(Composition),
Residues, Metals, Exposure, Atomic Spectroscopy,
Chemical equilibrium, Lake Superior, Ions, Reprints,
'Water pollution detection, Bioaccumulation, Daphnia
magna, Heavy metals, Atomic absorption spectrosco-
py, Numerical solution.
PB80-124654 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Off ice of Solid Waste.
Development of Government Procurement Guide-
lines for Construction Products Containing Re-
covered Materials. Final rept. May 78-Aug 79,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
H. G. Reif, and R. C. Ziegler. Oct 79,152p* EPA/530/
SW-181C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4789
The objective of the study was to acquire, interpret,
and develop information on construction products con-
taining recovered materials and to formulate possible
guidelines for promulgation. Seven material categories
were considered: iron and steel; aluminum; fly ash;
paper; rubber; glass; and plastic. Manufacturing proc-
esses for selected construction products were re-
viewed and the potential for increased utilization of re-
covered materials were assessed.
Keywords: "Government procurement, 'Construction
materials, Paperboards, Purchasing, Regulations,
Guidelines, Public works, Acquisition, Supply manage-
ment, Plastics, Consumption, Utilization, Iron, Steels,
Glass, Aluminum, Fly ash, Elastomers, Waste utiliza-
tion, Waste recycling.
PB80-124753 PC A16/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Apr 78, 372p EPA/600/8-78/004
This document consolidates and assesses current
knowledge regarding the origin of ozone and other
photochemical oxidants and discusses their effect on
health, vegetation, certain ecosystems, and materials.
This document summarizes current data on the effects
of oxidant/ozone in the ambient air on man, vegeta-
tion, and ecosystems. The effects that have been ob-
served will form the scientific basis for supporting the
present National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 160
micrograms/cu m (0.08 ppm) or a revised standard. Al-
though nitrogen dioxide is considered one of the pho-
tochemical oxidants, oxides of nitrogen are the subject
of a separate report and are therefore discussed in this
document only as they participate in the formation and
reactions of other photochemical oxidants. Hydrocar-
bons and other organics are important air pollutants
because they too are precursors of other compounds
formed in the atmospheric photochemical system. In
this document, toxic organics are considered only with
respect to eye irritation. The studies and data cited
constitute the best available basis for specific stand-
ards aimed at protecting human health and the envi-
ronment from photochemical oxidants in ambient air.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Or-
ganic compounds, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), 'Photochemical oxi-
dants, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Air pollution sampling, Air
pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Materials), Air quality.
PB80-124787 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Incinerators,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Richard M. Helfand. Mar 79,64p* MTR-7983, EPA/
450/3-79/009
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart E - Inciner-
ators. It includes a summary of the current standards,
the status of applicable control technology, and the
ability of incinerators to meet the current standards.
Compliance test results are analyzed and recommen-
dations are made for possible modifications to the
standard. Information used in this report is based upon
data available as of November 1978.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Standards, 'Reviews,
'Solid waste disposal, Technology, Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Optical measurement, Monitoring, Trace ele-
ments, Metals, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrubbers,
'Air pollution abatement, 'Sewage sludge, Stationary
sources, Best technology, New source performance
standards, Baghouses.
PB80-124795 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Acid-Fast Bacteria and Yeasts as Indicators of
Disinfection Efficiency. Final rept. 1 May 75-31 Dec
77,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Richard S. Engelbrecht, Charles N. Haas, Jeffrey A.
Shular, David L Dunn, and Dipak Roy. Aug 79,158p
EPA/600/2-79/091
Since the conform group of organisms is considered to
be less resistant to chlorine than some bacterial and
viral pathogens, the utility of both yeast and acid-fast
oganlsms as potntial indicators of disinfection efficien-
cy was evaluated. In most laboratory studies these two
groups of organisms were represented by Candida
parapsilosis and Mycobacterium fortuitum, respective-
ly. The relative resistance of the rest organisms to free
chlorine was: acid fast greater than yeast greater than
coliforms. The increased chlorine resistance of these
organisms appeared to be the result of the thickness
and impermeability of the cell wall. It was concluded
that the primary mode of action of chlorine in disinfec-
tion was disruption of the cell membrane with a result-
ant change in cell permeability and physical damage to
the cell DMA. Resistance to ozonation was also stud-
ied. Variations in pH between 5 and 10 did not sign"
cantly affect organism survival of either yearor acw
fast organisms using constant ozone residuals, w»
increasing temperatures increased the inactivation w
both organisms. Large volume sampling and enumer
tion techniques were developed for the yeasts HNW
acid-fast organisms using membrane '.iltratlon,i«,rel-
enabled the enumeration of these organisms at tne'«
atively low densities found in finished drinking water.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Yeasts, 'Disinfection, *Pot^Jm
water, Indicator species, Efficiency, Microorganisii'
control(Water), Chlorination. Ozonization, Water trem
ment, Coliform bacteria, Evaluation, Bioindicaio*
Drinking water, Candida parapsilosis, Mycobacteriui"
fortuitum.
PC A04/MF *01.
itator
PB80-124829
EPA/IERL-RTP Pilot Electrostatic Precipitator
Selected Experiments, 1978. Final rept. Jun 78-JU"
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. . n f
D. W. VanOsdell, L. E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, and B- c-
Daniel. Nov 79, 64p EPA/600/7-79/238
The report describes experiments with a r Tnfl
electrostatic precipitator (ESP) at EPA/IERL-RJP- '"•
ESP is a dedicated experimental tool, operated tor»
Eriments originated and designed both in-house a»
EPA contractors. Five distinct test series, betweo'
irch and October 1978, are described: F80™'"^
operation, ESP operating characteristics, reemran
ment, parameter variation with position within tori
and effects of humidity. The precharger test resu'r
were inconclusive; removal efficiency was '°''-riis
better with the precharger for most size ranges, oui >™
operation was erratic. In the reentrainment test, spw
ing produced more and larger paniculate than onw
reentrainment mechanisms. No size distripuoui
change pattern was established. The study of now
mass, and particle size as a function of sample pro
position showed that parameter variations do exi»>
however, insufficient data was collected to fully esw"
lish the differences. In the study of the effects 01 n«
midity on collection efficiency, increased moisture n»
a strong impact on improved performance. Mois w.
lowerecf the paniculate resistivity, allowing incre?*aa
electrical fields. Efficiency correlated well with voraw
in the form: P=6.59 x 10 to the 8th power x V to trie
5.46 power where P=penetration, %, and V=voitag •
kV. The correlation coefficient, r2, was 0.97.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, E
static precipitators, Particle size, Performance eva!5Tn
tion, Design, Humidity, Industrial wastes, Combusw
products, Pilot plants.
PB80-124837 PCA13/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincmna"
OH. . M
Coal Surface Mining and Power Production In <"•
Face of Environmental Protection Requirement*..
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-r
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland).
Jacek Libicki. Oct 79, 293p EPA/600/7-79-159
Contract EPA-J-5-533-12 ilim
Proceedings of the United States-Polish Sympos'"'.
(2nd) Held at Castel Ksiaz, Poland on September e»
28,1979.
A partial listing of topic areas includes: Overview oMjJJ
United States environmental research program r,(v
to coal extraction conversion through the year *" '
Present and future role of lignite in Polish power pi"
duction and basic problems of environmental pf° "L.
tion; Legislation and regulations controlling coal «'
•
traction and conversion in the United States; .
and future surface coal extraction technologies in »<
United States; Surface mining of lignite with belt ow
veyors and its environmental advantages; Coal mini™
and ground water; The impact of lignite mining on »"
face water and means of its control; Coal wu» °-
posal practices and challenges in the United S™IM.
Reclamation practices for coal refuse and fly asnj° V
posal; Successful revegetation of coal-mined iaja*0(
the United States; Efforts of agricultural reclamation^
toxic spoils in lignite surface mining in Poland; sel^;fl
ed problems of environmental protection in design" j>
coal fired power - plants and high tension systems, r\
pollution in the vicinity of large thermal power pi«"°
and control.
794 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
o^?al mining, 'Environmental impacts,
rtinn c s>"rface mining, Lignite, Air pollution, Water
ten I »'nH0l'cl w,aste disposal, Electric power genera-
Polann .c reclamation, Regulations, Legislation,
'«• foreign technology, Pollution abatement.
, pC A09/MF A01
Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
for Slud9e Man-
e Countv Metropolitan Area
v
Cisco .y ruen Grue" and Associates, San Fran-
CA <„„• and pulp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills,
sourrS, £sored in Part by Califonia State Water Re-
cces Control Board, Sacramento.
urw Pr°iect is to develop a long term plan, in-
of res&iTTi ""P'ementation strategy to re-use/dispose
Pal wa=tT so lds faulting from industrial and munici-
Counh, Sw. er ^eatment in the Los Angeles/Orange
Mino si tpolitan area Tnis reP°rt Presents a mar-
studies? 9-y for Slud9e disposal. Three separate
ucts' iri?TPnSe I"'8 reP°rt- 'Markets for Sludge Prod-
market «. 5s Product features important to the
istics r.< rved> Potential sales, revenue and character-
D s"ccess'ul program. 'Potentially Marketable
hK*1013' list sl"dge-based products whose
rPnity warrant further investigation. Existing and
current *9
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-126206 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Procedural tor Evaluating the Performance of Air
Quality Simulation Models,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. J. Hlllyer, S. D. Reynolds, and P. M. Roth. Oct 79,
155p EPA/450/4-79-033
Contract EPA-88-02-2593
Currently there are no standardized guidelines for eval-
uating the performance of air quality simulation
models. In this report, a procedural framework for ob-
jectively evaluating model performance is developed.
in carrying out this work, the authors have: reviewed
previous model evaluation studies; developed a gener-
al procedural framework for performing an evaluation
study; provided specific guidance, to the extent possi-
ble, with respect to the work required In each step of
the performance evaluation procedure; and Identified
gaps in present knowledge that limited our ability to
provide more detailed guidance In this report, and pre-
sented recommendations for further work that will help
to fill those gaps. Because model evaluation has re-
ceived relatively little systematic attention to date, It
was possible to identify several areas ripe for future In-
vestigation. The performance of these suggested stud-
ies will be essential to the success of the guidelines
presented herein.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Per-
formance evaluation, Reviews, Air quality.
PB80-126297 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wine Production from Cheese Whey. Final rept.
Oct 75-Jun 78,
Foremost McKesson, Inc., Dublin, CA.
Qaylord M. Palmer. Oct 79,77p EPA/600/2-79-189
Grant EPA-S-B03863
The objective of this project was to demonstrate com-
mercial feasibility of producing an alcoholic beverage
by wine yeast fermentation of supplemented cheese
and cottage cheese wheys. Results Indicated that the
preferred processing route was (1) fractlonation of the
whey Into protein concentrate and permeate by ultrafll-
tratlon; (2) supplementation ot permeate with twenty
two percent dextrose on the permeate weight; (3) fer-
mentation In stirred fermentors for seven to ten days at
20-220; (4) clarification of the ferment by centrifugal
means followed by pressure filtration; (5) demlnerallza-
tlon of the ferment by Ion exchange; (6) formulation of
the beverage by addition of natural fruit flavor concen-
trates, Invert syrups, malic acid, and water to standard-
ize alcohol content at about eight percent by volume;
(7) polishing filtration through dlatomaceous earth and
a 0.45 micron membrane filter; (8) carbonatlon with
two volumes of carbon dioxide and (9) bottling with a
pressure retaining cap.
Keywords: 'Food Industry, "Wines, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Fermentation, Design, Performance evaluation,
Byproducts, Cheeses, Distillation, Separation, Clarifi-
cation, Centrifuging, Ion exchanging, Additives, Filtra-
tion, Economic analysis, Manufacturing, Feasibility,
•Whey, Ultrafiltratlon.
PB80-135446 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Sewage Sludge Incinerators,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Dlv.
Richard M. Helfand. Mar 79,70p" MTR-7910, EPA-
460/3-79-010
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart O - Sewage
Sludge Incinerators. It includes a summary of the cur-
rent standards, the status of applicable control tech-
nology, and the ability of sewage sludge Incinerators to
meet current standards. Compliance test results are
analyzed and a recommendation made to retain the
current standard. Information used in this report Is
based upon data available as of November 1978.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators,
'Standards, "Reviews, Technology, Particles, Optical
measurement, State government. Trends, Air pollu-
tion, 'Air pollution abatement, 'New source perform-
796 Vol. 83, No. 26
ance standards, 'Sewage sludge, Best technology,
Stationary sources:
PB80-125602 PC A03/MF A01
Light Duty Vehicle and Light Duty Truck Emission
Performance Warranty; Short Tests and Stand-
ards. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Dec 79,27p EPA-AA-IMS-009/ST-1
This report adresses the relationship between short
test emission results and emissions as measured on
the 'complete1 or certification test (hydrocarbons and
carbon monoxide) for 1981 and later model year light
duty vehicles and light duty trucks. As provided in sec-
tion 207(b) of the Clean air Act, EPA must establish an
Emissions Performance Warranty if a short test can be
developed which Is (1) available (2) in accordance with
good engineering practice and (3) reasonably capable
of being correlated with the Federal Test Procedure
(FTP). The purpose of this report is to evaluate the cor-
relation of idle and loaded short test emissions to re-
sults which will be obtained on the certification test for
1981 model year and later passenger cars and light
trucks. This report addresses the issue of correlation
for 1981 and later model year vehicles, Data from
1975-77 model federal cars was examined. Three
short tests are recommended: idle, two speed idle and
two mode loaded. These short tests are associated
standards give approximately the same error of com-
mission rate as the FTP (comparing single test results
to average emission levels) while Identifying a sub-
stantial part of the excess emissions.
Keywords: 'Trucks, "Automobiles, "Exhaust emis-
sions, Exhaust systems, Performance tests, Correla-
tion techniques, Automobile industry, Regulations,
Certification, Technology assessment, Light duty vehi-
cles, Light duty trucks.
PB80-125628 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Survey of Flue Qas Desulfurlzatlon Systems: Law-
rence Energy Center, Kanaae Power and Light Co.
Final rept. Jul-Dec 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Bernard A. Laseke, Jr. Aug 79,123p EPA/600/7-78/
199B
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also PB-246 649.
This report describes the results of a survey of oper-
ational flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems on coal-
fired utility boilers in the United States. The FGD sys-
tems Installed on Units 4 and 5 at the Lawrence
Energy Center of the Kansas Power and Light Compa-
ny Is described in terms of design and performance.
The FGD system Installed on each unit consists of two
parallel two-stage scrubber modules, each of which in-
cludes a rectangular, variable-throat rod-deck venturi
scrubber arranged in series with a spray tower absorb-
er. Each system is also equipped with slurry-hold
tanks, mist eliminators, and in-line reheaters, as well
as Isolation and bypass dampers. The two systems
share a common limestone storage and preparation
facility and waste-disposal facility. These FGD sys-
tems represent a second generation design replace-
ment of limestone furnace-injection and tail-end scrub-
bing systems which were originally installed on Units 4
and Sin 1968 and 1971, respectively. The original sys-
tems operated approximately 27,000 hours and
23,000 hours on coal-fired flue gas for Units 4 and 5,
respectively. The redesigned F5D system on Unit 4
went Into service In early January 1977. The Unit 5
FGD system went into service on April 14,1978.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Flue
gases, 'Scrubbers, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products, Design, Performance
evaluation, Surveys, Limestone, Injection, Solid waste
disposal, Forecasting, Process charting, 'Coal fired
power plants, Limestone Injection, Mist eliminators,
Limestone scrubbing, Spray tower scrubbers, Venturi
scrubbers.
PBSO-125743 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
inspection Source Test Manual for Solvent Metal
Cleaning (Degreasera). Final rept,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
Roger D. Allen, J.T.Chehaske,T. A. Li Punw-""dJ'
Van Gieson. Jun 79,150p* EPA/340/1-79/008
Contract EPA-68-01 -4146
This document presents guidelines to enable 'Wd*J{
forcement personnel to determine wnetner **«.
metal cleaning processes (Degreasers) are'" c°£g|8
ance with EPA's guidelines for Reasonably /w»"•"
Control Technology. Conveyorized de9reas?r!;j£sd.
tnn uanrtr rtasti-Aaearc arwH rv»IH r.\ftan0fB &TQ OfSCUWp***
Principles of operation, emissions points, V*™?*^
that effect emissions, emission control metnooa\m
field investigation procedures are described. ""W^d.
ed screening and compliance test methods are pru
ed. Inspection methods and types of records w
kept are discussed in detail.
Keywords: "Metal cleaning, "Inspection,
greasing, Air pollution. Regulations, Solvents,
merit, Design criteria, Field tests, Carbon M8
Sources, Laboratory equipment, Calibratin
Standards, "Air pollution abatement, "
available control technology, Liquid wastes,
solution.
PB80-12S909
Industrial Environmental Research Lab..
angle Park, NC. A u.u|
Coagulation and Precipitation of Selected «••»
Ions from Aqueous Solutions. Final rept. J""'1"
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. Westbrook, and P. M. Grohse. Nov 79, 24p tm
600/2-79-204
Contract EPA-68-02-261 2
The report gives results of laboratory jar tests to oW^
op data on the removal from aqueous s°loW>\Lx{ Of
metal Ions of environmental concern. The Pror%|v:
very limited scope, provides initial screening data o» ^
coagulants were evaluated at only two dose le veis i •
and 1.5 stoichiometric), no combinations of '""'JjJJjto
coagulants were evaluated, and no attempt was^ rn »*r
to optimize precipitation conditions. The 12 mew JJV
were: AI(+3), Be<+2), Bi(+3), Cr(+3), Mo<+$
Sb(+3), V(+3), Zn(+2), TK+3), Se(+4), A9(+«
As(+5). Treatment chemicals used were lime, sou'"
sulfide, alum, and ferrous sulfate.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, *Coaflu|a"£'
*Precipitation(Chemistry), Ions, Metals, Fl00*""'
Solutions, Concentration(Composition), * Metal icw .
PB80-125917 PCAl7/l?fJlna
Management of Bottom Sediments Contain"-*
Toxic Substances. Proceedings of the U. »•-•'•>'?.,
Experts' Meeting (4th) Held at Tokyo, J«Pan "
October, 1978, MD
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, w"-
Spencer A. Peterson, and Karen K. Randolph, sep '<*
391p EPA/600/3-79/102 „ »on 777.
See also 3rd Proceedings dated Sep 78, PB-289 n
ords: "Sediments, "Water pollution, *MeeW$5'
n bottom, Dredging, Toxtoity, <%%.
jry(Metal), Environmental impacts, Fishes, I"**;
M, rvuiA_;..A :««..HMH:« MA«..m .«,-j» ftiatalA. Lfl*"^
The United States-Japan Ministerial .
May 1974 provided for the exchange of enviru"»"ijjjg
information in several areas of mutual concern. '
report is the compilation of papers presented a.«
Fourth U.S.-Japan Experts' Meeting on the WSi'Sjj,.
ment of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic "
stances, one of the 10 identified problem areas.
Keywords:
MercuryjMetal), Environmental impacts, Fishes,
ticides, Chlorine inorganic compounds, Metals,
Phosphorus, United States, Japan, Kepone.
PB80-125958 PC A12/MF AO*
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. .^.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Po|IUI
ante: I. Mlrex and Kepone,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. ^
Mary Anne Bell, Robert A. Ewing, Garson A. Lutz, arw
Eari G. Alley. Jul 78,254p* EPA/600/1-78-013
Contract EPA-68-03-2608 .,.„
See also Part 2, PB-281 076. Prepared in coopers"^
with Mississippi State Chemical Lab., Missises
State.
The objective of this research program was to a»**!IJj
ble and analyze the publicly-available information\<*
the environmental effects of the two organochlonn-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and
-..- analog,
these com-
pounds l» II it H case on inese com-
onwhich Jim!! .' 88P9cially with respect to Kepone,
9rada
Ge ex
ftoih , * ces roucs ompany
nT? ' these compounds are non-volatile,
vi^M6' solub»i
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, "Water supply, 'Water dis-
tribution, 'Regional planning, Systems analysis, Water
services, Trends, Public utilities, Water treatment,
Taxes, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Expenses,
Tables(Data), 'Water delivery, 'Water costs.
PB80-126469 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Conversion Control Technology. Volume I.
Environmental Regulations; Liquid Effluent*. Final
rept. Apr 77-Nov 78,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
L. E. Bostwick, M. R. Smith, D. O. Moore, and D. K.
Webber. Oct 79,540p* EPA/600/7-79/228A
Contract EPA-68-02-2198
See also Volume 2, PB80-126477.
This volume is the product of an Information-gathering
effort relating to coal conversion process streams.
Available and developing control technology has been
evaluated in view of the requirements of present and
proposed federal, state, regional, and international en-
vironmental standards. The study indicates that it ap-
pears possible to evolve technology to reduce each
component of each process stream to an environmen-
tally acceptable level. It also indicates that such an ap-
proach would be costly and difficult to execute. Be-
cause all coal conversion processes are net users of
water, liquid effluents need be treated only for recy-
cling within the process, thus achieving essentially
zero discharge. With available technology, gaseous
emissions can be controlled to meet present environ-
mental standards, particulates can be controlled or
eliminated, and disposal of solid wastes can be man-
aged to avoid deleterious environmental effects. This
volume (I) focuses on environmental regulations for
gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes, and the control tech-
nology for liquid effluents.
Keywords: *Coal gasification plants, 'Coal prepara-
tion, 'Regulations, 'Environmental surveys, Technolo-
gy, Standards, Water pollution, Design, Process chart-
ing, Particles, Management planning, Economic analy-
sis, Forecasting, Law enforcement, 'Pollution abate-
ment, 'Coal liquefaction, 'Water pollution abatement,
Air pollution abatement, Waste water reuse.
PB80-126477 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Conversion Control Technology. Volume II.
Gaseous Emissions; Solid Wastes. Final rept Apr
77-Nov 78,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
L. E. Bostwick, M. R. Smith, D. O. Moore, and D. K.
Webber. Oct 79, 384p* EPA/600/7-79/228B
Contract EPA-68-02-2198
See also Volume 1, PB80-126469.
This volume is the product of an information-gathering
effort relating to coal conversion process streams.
Available and developing control technology has been
evaluated in view of the requirements of present and
proposed federal, state, regional, and international en-
vironmental standards. The study indicates that it ap-
pears possible to evolve technology to reduce each
component of each process stream to an environmen-
tally acceptable level. It also indicates that such an ap-
proach would be costly and difficult to execute. Be-
cause all coal conversion processes are net users of
water, liquid effluents need be treated only for recy-
cling within the process, thus achieving essentially
zero discharge. With available technology, gaseous
emissions can be controlled to meet present environ-
mental standards, particulates can be controlled or
eliminated, and disposal of solid wastes can be man-
aged to avoid deleterious environmental effects. This
volume (II) deals with the control technology of gase-
ous emissions and solid wastes.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification plants, 'Coal prepara-
tion, 'Regulations, 'Environmental surveys, 'Solid
waste disposal, Technology, Process charting, Design,
Data acquisition, Management planning, Dust, Cost
analysis, 'Pollution abatement, 'Coal liquefaction, 'Air
pollution abatement.
PB8G-126980 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Standards for Coal Conversion
Processes. Volume I: Most Stringent, Federal, and
Selected State Regulations. Final rept. Feb 77-Jan
79,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
D. K. Webber, and D. E. Whittaker. Oct 79,268p EPA/
600/7-79/231A
Contract EPA-68-02-2198
The report synopsizes existing and proposed environ-
mental standards as a guide for evaluating the efficien-
cy of available and developing technology for control-
ling liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes from coal con-
version processes. Within the U.S., the Federal (in-
cluding EPA) standards and guidelines for air, water,
and solid wastes were gathered, together with stand-
ards for 22 states (selected for their potential in install-
ing coal conversion facilities) and two regional com-
missions. Because environmental effects can cross
national borders, standards and guidelines for Mexico,
the Dominion of Canada, two Canadian provinces, and
the International Joint Commission of U.S. and Canada
were synopsized and added to the U.S. standards. All
standards and guidelines were compared; from them
the most stringent standards were summarized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Regulations, Coal
gasification, Coal preparation, Stationary sources,
Standards, Guidelines, States(United States), 'Envi-
ronmental policy, Coal liquefaction.
PB8^
ceedlngs of Water Reuse Symposium, new
Washington, DC. on March 25-30, 1979. Volume i-
American Water Works Association Research rw
dation, Denver, CO.
Mar 79, 807p* NSF/RA-790224
GrantNSF-PFR78-21313 . ^.-.Q.
See also Volume 2, PB80-1 27087. Prepared in COWT
eration with Office of Water Research and Tecnnuj"
gy, Washington, DC., Army Medical Research ana 1 1»
velopment Command, Washington, DC., and tnviw
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99,
127061.
The
reuse
Symposium was devoted to the renovation an
reuse of wastewaters from municipal, iidustriai, »
agricultural sources. The proceedings demonsw"
that significant global interest exists in waf.teH {J, a
reuse, that recycling concepts are being applw ° i"
broad range of functions, that application ot «"'
reuse may be highly situation-dependent, ana " _
reuse applications are important solutions for m*2L.
servation of water. Volume 1 focuses on: (1)
mentation, programs, and potential of water
policy, (2) water supply augmentation;
cycling and reuse; (4) planning for reuse; and (5)
culture, wetlands, and ecosystems.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Waste reclamatj0'!;
'Water conservation, 'Meetings, Government P"'
cies, Potable water, Ground water recharge, wjjr
tries, Cooling water, Electric power plants, "e"°^,
industry, Coal gasification, Aquaculture, Municipai«"''
Water supply, Sewage treatment, Economic anai-
Law(Jurisprudence), Arid land, Military facilities,
culture, Public health, Wetlands. Institutional
work.
PB80-127087 PC A99/MF AOl
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. tw
neering and Applied Science. Brn.
Water Reuse-From Research to Application. Pro-
ceedings of Water Reuse Symposium, Hew »
Washington, DC. on March 25-30, 1979. Volurn* «•
American Water Works Association Research Foun
dation, Denver, CO.
Mar 79, 860p* NSF/RA-790225
GrantNSF-PFR78-21313 . 3
See also Volume 1, PB80-1 27079 and Volume *
PB80-127095. Prepared in cooperation with Office?1
Water Research and Technology, Washington, u%?
Army Medical Research and Development Comrnan"'
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protect!""
Agency, Washington, DC. _nnft.
Afso available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB°^
127061.
The Symposium was devoted to the renovation arw
reuse of wastewaters from municipal, industrial, arw
agricultural sources. The proceedings demonstra'"
that significant global interest exists in waste*8""
reuse, that recycling concepts are being applied «J •
broad range of functions, that application of *ffj.
reuse may be highly situation-dependent and «™
reuse applications are important solutions to con*"'
vation of water. Volume 2 focuses on international <**~
velopment, institutional factors, and treatment re-
search and development operations.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Water reclamation.
'Water conservation, 'Meetings, Research VOptW.
Activated sludge process, Sewage treatment, Netne'
lands, Osmosis, Water quality, Israel, South Africa-
798 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
filters, Nitrification, Canada,
tS« p,rudence)' Potable water, Pilot plants, Deni-
"incation, Institutional framework, Reverse osmosis.
PC A99/MF A01
naarin Soier>ce Foundation, Washington, DC. Engi-
^"ing and Applied Science.
Keywords; "Hazardous materials, Waste manage-
ment "Wastes, "Solid waste disposal, Specialized
training; Planning, Facilities, Cost analysis, Insurance
"Liauid waste disposal, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976, Certification, Emergency plan-
ning.
.
M»rti,,ReiJIM"From Research to Application. Pro-
W»w 8*. of Water Reu»e Symposium, Held at
Amftrii 8t?n' Dc- on March 25-30' 1979- Vo'i"1"* 3-
?»«« 1" Water Works Association Research Foun-
wwi, Denver, CO
'9* NSF/RA-790226
PB80-127418 -•
CICIS - Chemical Inventory Information Tape:
Environment" Projection Agency, Washington, DC.
Robert April, and Chris Harvey. Nov 79, mag tape'
erat- Vol"me 2, PB80-1 27087. Prepared in coop-
au iSn ^.'th Office °f Water Research and Technolo-
veinn n9!on' Dc" ArmV Medical Research and De-
m '°P'"Snt Command, Washington, DC., and Environ-
4,!™" Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
*et of 3 repo^S PC E" PB8°"
, —
EPA/DF-80/001
Supplement to PB-295 108.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared In most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. -
a
r»i»3'Tposiunn was devoted to the renovation and
aori8® ?' wastewaters from municipal, industrial, and
• ral sources. The proceedings demonstrate
?J}rfioant 9.lobal interest exists in wastewater
hat recycling concepts are being applied to a
Wn9e of 'unctions, that application of water
may be hi8hly situation-dependent, and that
vntu W'cations are important solutions to conser-
rri°logical and ecological effects of oil on wa-
'was were examined in a series of laboratory and
•S exPeriments, including studies of the effects of
MwP on "atchability of eggs; the effects of an oil-con-
rw
tuT lna'ed diet on physiological condition, reproduc-
J-"i and survival; and the accumulation of oil in body
Xt^es. Chemical methodology was developed in sup-
nnhi- ltnese studies. This summary report also lists 22
pushed and 22 unpublished reports that were pro-
bed during this study.
lfcords: 'Ecology, 'Crude oil, 'Birds, 'Toxicology,
'TOological effects, Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Ex-
™wental data, Diets, Reproduction(Biology), Surviv-
™; Hssues(Biology), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
"°n effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation.
5*80-127400 PC A16/MF A01
t'Jwonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
{!«ardous Waste Management Div.
r^rdous Waste Management Issues Pertinent
'"Section 3004 of the Resource Conservation
I "J Recovery Act of 1976. Final rept
Wnational Research and Technology Corp.,
fjcl-ean, VA
&*J»'*5p
^ntractEPA-es-Oi
01-4657
Jhte report examines a number of management issues
pertinent to Section 3004 (5) and (6) of the Resource
reservation and Recovery Act of 1976. The study
at financial responsibility of hazardous waste
l"«
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Feb. 1877, to measure existing levels ol petroleum in
Northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca,
and to Investigate spatial and temporal trends In occur-
rence, concentration, and composition of petroleum-
related hydrocarbons. Sediment and/or mussel sam-
ples from 23 beaches located strategically along ship-
ping lanes In the Strait of Juan de Fuca, San Juan Is-
lands, and Northern Puget Sound were analyzed for n-
alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Keywords: "Crude oil, 'Oil pollution, "Puget Sound,
•Juan de Fuca Strait, Monitoring,
ConcentrationfCompositlon), Mussels, Sediments, Al-
kanes, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatrography,
Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Benzanthracenes, Gravi-
metric analysis, Microanalysis, Oil spills, Baseline stud-
ies, MESA project.
PB80-128309 pc A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
A Study of Exhaust EmlMlons from 1977-1978
Model Year Motorcycle*. Technical rept,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA.
Lawrence Moore, and James Burke. May 79,168p
EPA-460/3-79-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2374
Ing an=dTn'spec5o'rrof 150 T977 and" 1978 model year
motorcycles in the Los Angeles, California area. All ve-
hicles were consumer-owned, street-legal motorcy-
cles. Each vehicle was Initially tested In as-received
condition by the 1978 Federal Test Procedure. This in-
cludes evaporative emissions measurements as well
as the exhaust emissions tests. A number of additional
tests were performed on some or all vehicles. These
included a Two-Speed Idle test, the Highway Fuel
Economy test, a model emissions test, the Federal
Short Cycle test, the New York/New Jersey test and
the Federal Three Mode test.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, "Motorcycles, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Inspection, "Maintenance, Data acquisi-
tion, Data analysis, Tests, Sampling,
Concentration(Composftion), "Los
Angeles(California), Procedures.
PB80-128341 PC A02/MF A01
Workshop on Primary Sultats Emissions. Journal
article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John S. Nader. Oct78,6p EPA/600/J-78-156
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v28,
n10,p1002-1005, Oct 78.
This article Is a summary report on a workshop, Meas-
urement Technology and Characterization of Primary
Sulfur Oxides Emission from Combustion Sources.
The objectives of the workshop were: to review and
discuss current measurement methods and problem
areas for sulfur oxides emission with attention focused
on sulfurlc acid, sulfates, and sulfur-bearing paniculate
matter; to review and discuss emission data from vari-
ous combustion sources operating under different
conditions which include various pollutant controls,
fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen, etc.; to delin-
eate and recommend areas in need of research and
development effort. Scientists were invited to present
the results of their studies on primary sulfate emis-
sions. The 3-day workshop devoted one day to meas-
urement technology, a second to characterization, and
a third to critical assessment of the presented papers
and development of summary working group reports
on each half-day session of the initial 2 days. Thirty-
one papers were presented by 29 participants on
measurements and characterization. Four working
group reports were developed and summarized in the
last day. Highlights of the papers and reports are brief-
ly reviewed, workshop proceedings are available as
an EPA publication.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfates, Sulfur oxides, Sul-
furfc acid, Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Pollution control, Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, Sampling, Meetings, Reprints, Air pollution
detection.
PB60-128358 Not available NTIS
Proton Induced Gamma-Ray Analysis of Atmos-
pheric Aerosols for Carbon, Nitrogen, and. Sulfur
Composition,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Edward S. Macias, C. David Radcliffe, Charles W.
Lewis, and Carole R. Sawicki. c1978,7p EPA/600/J-
78/158
Prepared In cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, MO. Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. In Analytical Chemistry, vSO n8 p1120-1124 Jul
78.
A-technique for the simultaneous quantitative analysis
of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur using in-beam gamma-
ray spectrometry has been developed for use with at-
mospheric aerosol samples. Samples are collected on
quartz filters, and the aerosol composition is deter-
mined by analyzing the gamma-rays emitted following
the inelastic scattering of 7.3-MeV protons. Samples
are nondestructively irradiated for 1000 s in a helium
atmosphere, are not subjected to reduced pressures,
and can be used for subsequent analysis. Detection
limits for atmospheric sampls are in the mlcrogram per
sq cm range with a precision of 5%. The technique is
compared with several more conventional methods of
analysis. (Copyright (c) 1978 by the American Chemi-
cal Society.)
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Gamma ray spectroscopy,
Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Samples, Aerosols, Chemi-
cal analysis, Inelastic scattering, Reprints, "Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB80-128382 PC A02/MF A01
SulfatM In the Atmosphere: A Progress Report on
MISTT (Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transformation
and Transport). Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William E. Wilson. 17 Jun 77,13p EPA-600/J-78-155
Pub. In Atmospheric Environment, v12 p537-547,
1976. See also report dated Mar 77, PB-268 361.
The size and sulfate content of atmospheric aerosols
and the rate and mechanisms for sulfate formation
from sulfur dioxide in power plant plumes are re-
viewed. Emphasis is given to results from the recent
USEPA study, Project MISTT (Midwest Interstate
Sulfur Transformation and Transport). The rate of con-
version of sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosol in power
plant plumes Is low near the point of emission, but in-
creases to several percent per hour as ambient air
mixes with the plume. Tall stacks reduce ground-level
concentrations of sulfur dioxide, resulting in a reduc-
tion of the amount removed by dry deposition. In urban
plumes, which are well-mixed to the ground near the
source, sulfur dioxide is removed more rapidly by dry
deposition. Thus, tall stacks increase the atmospheric
residence time of sulfur dioxide, which leads to an in-
crease in atmospheric sulfur formation. These sulfate
aerosols may be transported over distances of several
hundred kilometers and produce air pollution episodes
far from the pollution source.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Sulfates, "Aerosols, Air
pollution, Electric power plants, Plumes, Chemical re-
actions, Urban areas, Missouri, Reprints, MISTT
project, Saint Louis(Mlssouri).
PB80-128440 PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Study of Plume Opacity Measure-
ment Methods,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William D. Conner, and Norman White. Jan 80,35p
EPA/600/2-80-001
The opacity of smoke-stack emissions was measured
by three methods at thirteen different plants and the
results compared. The three opacity measurement
methods are trained observer, in-stack transmissome-
ter, and laser radar (lidar). The instrumental methods,
lidar and in-stack transmissometer, correlated better
with each other than with the observer method and
were also more precise than the observer method. Ob-
server measurements were generally lower than in-
strumental measurements. Data show that for the
range of opacity emission standards (betwen 10 and
40% opacity), the observer readings averaged 6 and
11% opacity less than the instrumental readings of
lidar and transmissometer, respectively, and varied by
as much as 25% opacity below to 8% opacity above
the instrumental readings.
Keywords: "Plumes, Opacity, Optical measurement,
Optical radar. Transmissometers, Observation, £«
formance evaluation, *Air pollution monitors, uomt»
atlve evaluations.
PB80-128457 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn m
angle Park, NC. _ ^ ft.
Design of a Monitoring Program for Ash Pono v
fluents. Final rept. May 75-Mar 79, aa.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Power ne
search Staff. , ,Q
F. A. Miller, III, T. V. J. Chu, and R. J. Ruane. Nov w>
207p PRS-41, EPA-600/7-79-236
The report describes a procedure for designing anet'
fective monitoring program for fossil-fueled P°»°
plant ash pond effluents. Factors that influence e »"
ent characteristics and are important in designing »" *
a monitoring program were determined 'ollow"?nci
review of plant operating characteristics and ash p°"«
effluent characteristics of TVA's fossil-fueled PP*«
plant system. A statistical procedure for deterrnin™
the sampling frequency of chemical characteristics "
ash pond effluents was then developed. Two ways TO
determine precision are described: Method 1 mv°'Y"
selecting a precision value to estimate the P°PUIT'"J
mean within a given percentage; Method 2 Invoiv"
calculating a precision value by subtracting «"• ""..
mate of the population mean from either the ash po' "
effluent limitation established by EPA or a desira o>> •
water quality criterion. Method 2 gives the nurnDer «
samples required to show that the effluent is In corny"
ance with the effluent limitation or below the *•«"
quality criteria. The method chosen to compute nw
precision depends on the purpose of the rnonnpnng
program. The procedure was demonstrated tor i«™
TV A ash pond systems.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Solid waste
•Fly ash, Ponds, Monitoring, Industrial wastes. Corn
bustion products, Air pollution, Sampling, ciec«»
power plants, "Coal fired power plants, Numerical »"
iution.
PB80-128473 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, »'•
Emission Control Technology Div. .„..
A Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1976-J»J»
Model Year Passenger Cars In Los Angels*. Finm
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA. , , „
Lawrence Moore, and Donald C. Unger, Jr. Jul 79,
240p EPA-460/3-79-004
Contract EPA-68-03-2590
This report presents data obtained as a result of test-
ing andinspection of 125 1 975 thru 1977 vehicles wnn
greater than 50,000 miles, 72 1978 3-way catalyst ve-
hicles and a group of 53 1979 vehicles, mostly with •*
way catalysts. The test fleet was obtained randomly
from private owners in the Los Angeles and Oran9"
County areas. Testing was performed from January
1 979 through June 1 979.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, "Maintenance, Tests, Data acquisition, 08"'
pling, Concentration(Composition), L2"
Angeles(California), 'Automobile exhaust, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Procedures.
PB80-128S15 PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of High Sulfate Concentrations In Great
er New York City Air. Rept. for Dec 78-Aug 79, ,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn i"
angle Park, NC. ,„
Gerard A. DeMarrais, and Dale H. Coventry. Dec 79,
43p EPA/600/4-79/074
The meteorological phenomena occurring during April
15 to 21, 1976, when high sulfate concentrations wer»
measured in the New York City area, are summarize0;
Findings of earlier investigations of relationships Be-
tween meteorological phenomena and high sultaw
concentrations are compared to the findings of this in-
vestigation. Since ozone readily occurs with the sarrw
meteorological conditions than are associated w>"
sulfate episodes, the ozone concentrations are also
800 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
id. Results showed that the current procedure
"ing sulfate every sixth day does not provide
SUIIS8?1 data for adequately determining how sulfate
uiK-entrations relate to meteorological phenomena.
thefmampllnR schedule only allows for indicating what
tratin °'°9ical conditions were when the concen-
traiin w?re a certain value and not how the concen-
tlons Cnan9ed with changing meteorological condi-
an£!!0fd,S: *Air Pollution, 'Sulfates, Metropolitan
teo£ 14zone' Concentration(Composition), Meteoro-
VHIca' data, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey,
" York City(New York), Air pollution episodes.
pc A02/MF A01
v"el.consurnptlon Measurements-Carbon Balance
ErLv Ow Meter- Technical rept.,
Sw?nmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
DaE T ?.s Development and Support Branch.
"aieTurton. Jul 79, 10p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-28
waonKP6"1 EPA experiment, fuel consumption data
lh~,PQte'ned by both the carbon balance method
n balance method and
scrih« flow roe'hod. This report was prepared to de-
ments IDA oomPare the two methods of measure-
oht.' A 'ue' economy measurements are currently
sS^ fay tne carbon balance method. Fuel con-
nr'[P?°n can also be measured by several other
metr ? Sucn as volumetric, fuel flow meters, or gravi-
QH!™ methods. Accurate comparison between meth-
dato h be done statistically and requires a large
tho = se- A recent EPA program which investigated
"accuracy of the dynamometer simulation of the
Jgea of a vehicle consisted of numerous repetitive
e?™y state dynamometer tests. This program provid-
m.*" opportunity to obtain sufficient fuel consumption
anai •rements °y both methods for the statistical
the!rietshnecessary to detect any difference between
ratcs: *M°tor vehicles, *Fuel consumption, Flow
anoi, ,lowr"eters, Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric
™«uysis, Chemical analysis, 'Carbon balance.
PC A09/MF A01
arn l Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
SeS?M?ment of Dlesel Paniculate Control: Filters,
Somh ***• and Preclpltators. Final rept. Mar-Jul 79,
"jnern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Faulkner, E. B. Dismukes, J. R. McDonald, D. H.
A. H. Dean. Oct 79, 1 77p* SORI-EAS-79-
deuireport discusses an investigation of three types of
a be used for the aftertreatment of
ces that i ...„
jfJS?6' exhaust lo lower particulate emissions from
pr«£' Hty vehicles. The devices are filters, electrostatic
^"pipitators (ESPs), and wet scrubbers. The conclu-
c^"° reached are that filters and ESPs merit further
Sjnsideration, but wet scrubbers do not. Wet scrub-
L "S W6rn AliminatAH fmm tt irtKar /^j-\noi
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
At sea level, low-level carbon monoxide (CO) expo-
sure Impairs exercise performance. To determine if al-
titude residence at 1600 m augments this CO effect,
two studies of graded treadmill work capacity were
done. The Initial Study investigated nine, non-smoking
male subjects breathing either filtered air (FA) or 28
ppm CO in filtered air. End-exercise carboxyhemoglo-
bin (HbCO) levels averaged 0.9 %HbCO breathing FA
and 4.7 %HbCO breathing CO. Total work perform-
ance and aerobic work capacity were reduced. Work
heart rate was elevated, and post-exercise left ventric-
ular ejection time breathing CO did not shorten to the
same degree as with FA exposure. CO exposure re-
sulted In a lower anaerobic threshold, and a greater
minute ventilation occurred at work rates heavier than
the anaerobic threshold due to an increased blood lac-
tate level. The Dose-Response Study exposed twelve
subjects to FA or CO such that the end-exercise HbCO
levels were 0.7, 3.5, 5.4 and 8.7 %HbCO. Exercise
performance and aerobic work capacity were impaired
In proportion to the CO exposure. In both studies,
maximal cardio-pulmonary responses were not differ-
ent, but submaximal exercise changes were elevated
breathing CO. Thus, in healthy young men residing
near 1600 m, an increase in low-level CO exposure
produced a linear decrement in maximal aerobic per-
formance similar to that reported at sea level.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Exercise(Physiology),
Air pollution, Exposure, Physiologica! effects,
Concentration(Composition), Performance(Human),
*Air pollution effects(Humans), Carboxyhemoglobin,
Environmental health.
PB80-129091 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
Planned Community. Bacterial Characteristics of
Stormwatera In Developing Rural Areaa. Final
rept
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston. School
of Public Health.
Ernst M. Davis. Aug 79,95p EPA/600/2-79-050F
Grant EPA-R-802433
See also PB80-116205, and PB80-121437.
An investigation of low flow and stormwater runoff bac-
teria content from rural and urban areas was conduct-
ed over a two and a half year period. Data were ob-
tained from total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal strepto-
cocci, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Staphy-
lococcus sp. for comparison to densities in known pol-
luted sources such as secondary treated chlorinated
municipal wastewater. The usefulness of the currently
employed indicator groups of bacteria was evaluated
with respect to the accompanying densities of patho-
gens. The hygienic quality of water when compared to
new bacteriological water quality standards for contact
and noncontact recreation was considered. Settling of
stormwater suspended solids was closely associated
with bacterial reductions in the water column. The
most useful indicators of pathogen content in storm-
water runoff were fecal coliforms. Total coliforms and
fecal streptococci were poor indicators of pathogenic
bacteria densities. Chlorine and ozone doses for disin-
fection of stormwater containing high (approximately
200 mg/l) suspended solids may exceed 8 mg/l and
32 mg/l, respectively. Regrowth of total coliforms
occurs following disinfection. Indicator group densities
in urban stormwater runoff can easily exceed rural
runoff densities with continual increases occurring
throughout a storm event. Fecal coliform densities ex-
ceeded 2,000/100ml in 13 to 24 monitored hydro-
graphs and exceeded 200/100ml In 22 of those hydro-
graphs. Fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci yielded
the highest correlations with the physical factors, flow,
suspended solids, and turbidity.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Runoff, 'Water quality,
•Indicator species, Sewage treatment, Disinfection,
Bacteria, Characteristics, Rural areas, Indicator spe-
cies, Sites, Urban areas, Microorganisms, Viruses,
Storm sewers, Coliform bacteria, Streptococcus,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Texas, 'Storm water,
•Water pollution sampling, Bloindlcators, Pathogens,
Woodland8(Texas).
PB80-129117 PCA10/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Pollution Abstract*. Volume 6, Number 1. Quar-
terly rept Jan-Mar 79,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Barbara Searles, Katharine
Osteryoung, and Ivana Roland. Jul 79,211p EPA-600/
7-79-160
Grant EPA-H-805803-01-0
See also Volume 5, Number 4, PB-293 315.
Oil Pollution Abstracts (formerly entitled Oil Pollution
Reports) is a quarterly compilation of abstracts of cur-
rent oil pollution related literature and research
projects. Comprehensive coverage of oil pollution and
its prevention and control is provided, with emphasis
on the aquatic environment. This issue contains biblio-
graphic citations with abstracts of 1976 to 1979 scien-
tific and technical publications and patents, and sum-
maries of current research projects. The literature and
research entries are arranged into nine major catego-
ries comprised of thirty-seven specific sub-categories.
A permuted Subject Keyword Index provides access to
every entry. Author and patent indexes are also includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies, Water pollu-
tion, Abstracts, Indexes(Documentation).
PB80-129141 PC A03/MF A01
A Track to Twin Roll Dynamometer Comparison
of Several Different Methods of Vehicle Velocity
Simulation. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John Yurko. Jun 79,26p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-26
The current EPA test procedure for fuel economy and
emissions testing uses a twin roll dynamometer obtain-
ing a speed signal from the rear roll and simulating the
forces at the front roll. With the rolls coupled only by
the drive wheels of the vehicle, the front roll travels ap-
proximately 2% slower than the rear roll at steady-
state 50 mph, resulting in approximately a 4% overpre-
diction of fuel economy. Coupling the rolls externally
equalizes the roll speeds at a value which better simu-
lates the road velocity and therefore better predicts
the fuel economy. This report describes the test pro-
gram and data analysis which led to these conclu-
sions.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Dynamometers, Fuel
consumption, Exhaust emissions, Road tests, Cou-
plings, Velocity.
PB80-129166 pc A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinton, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Residual Monomers in Acrylic and Modacryllc
Fibers and Fabrics. Final rept,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Joe M. Finkel, Ruby H. James, and Herbert C. Miller.
Jul 79,14p SORI-EAS-79-504, EPA-560/11-80-003
Contract EPA-68-01-4746
The report deals with the detection and quantitation of
acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl bromide,
which are used as monomers in the production of
acrylic and modacrylic fibers. The amounts of mon-
omers evolved from samples of carpets, fibers, and
fabrics at 50C and 50% relative humidity were deter-
mined by gas chromatpgraphy with a flame ionization
detector and by direct insertion probe mass spectros-
copy. The results of the gas chromatographic studies
indicate that detectable amounts of residual acryloni-
trile, vinylidene chloride, and vinyl bromide were not re-
leased from the carpet, fiber, and fiber samples under
the conditions selected for analysis. Direct insertion
mass spectrometry indicated that methyl bromide was
evolved from all of the fiber samples and from two of
the three carpet samples. From the remaining carpet
sample, three halogenated compounds-dibromo-dich-
loroethanol, tetrabromoethanol, and tribromochlor-
oethanol-were identified. Traces of fatty acids were
found in all of the samples, and sulfur dioxide was
evolved from all of the samples except the fabric
sample.
Keywords: 'Acrylic resins, 'Chemical analysis, 'Tex-
tile industry, Acrylonitrile, Samples, Vinylidene chloride
resins, Fabrics, Gas chromatography, Mass spectros-
copy, Adsorption, Desorption. Industrial hygiene,
'Monomers, Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, Flame ionization, Ethylene/bromo.
PB80-129273 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cross-Stack Optical Convolution Veloclmeter De-
velopment and Evaluation of a Breadboar"
Design. Final rept. Oct 77-Mar 78,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
M. J. Rudd. Oct 79, 40p EPA-600/2-79-192
Contract EPA-68-02-2786
A new type of instrument has been designed and eval-
uated for the measurement of a line average of a siaw;
gas velocity. The light output from a lamp is collirnawu
and projected across the stack. A shadowgraph [[""E
of the turbulence in the stack is produced on the w
side and this image is converted by the stack gas tiow-
A grating is placed over the image and the light trans-
mitted falls on a photodetector. The frequency ouy»»
from the photodetector is the rate at which the shaaow
graph image crosses the grating. A breadboard 9e &r
of this cross-stack optical convolution velocimew'
(OCV), as it is called, was built and evaluated over »
wide range of environmental conditions. Agreemei
between the OCV and a corrected pilot tube wa»
within 1 .3% (root mean square error). Position senw
tivity of the OCV was extensively studied and a con»B'
uration was found that is completely insensitive <°fZ
sition. Laboratory tests showed that the cross.-*""1
OCV is an effective, accurate velocity monitoring "'
strument that is simple to build and operate.
Keywords: 'Speed indicators, 'Plumes,
measurement, Optical measurement, Convolution in-
tegrals, Gas flow, Dust, Mathematical models, per-
formance evaluation, Pitot tubes, Air pollution sam
pling.
PB80-129364 PCA02/MFA01
An Introduction to Neurobehavloral Toxicology-
Journal article, ..
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
Lawrence Reiter. 1 978, 6p EPA-600/ J-78-1 62 ?
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v26, p>'
1978.
The stated objectives of these Target Organ Toxic$*
Symposia are to review the morphology, physiology'
and biochemistry of the particular organ system, a*"
scribe means used to assess toxicity, evaluate tesi»
used for this assessment, and finally, to propose tn»
application of recent advances to the development o
practical test procedures. Basically, the intent is to a»
cuss ways of evaluating the functional integrity or »
given organ system.
Keywords: 'Behavior, 'Toxicology, Morphology,
iology, Biochemistry, Assessments, Evaluation,
Neurology, Procedures, Reprints.
PB80-129372 PC A02/MF AOl
Chemlluminescence of Phagocytlc Cells Causeo
by N-Formylmethlonyl Peptldes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangw
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Div.
Gary E. Hatch, Donald E. Gardner, and Daniel B.
Menzel. 1978, 16p EPA-600/ J-78-1 48
Contract EPA-68-02-2436 . oK
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Medicine, v147, p182-1»°
1978.
The microbicidal action of leukocytes is thought to pro-
ceed in part through oxygen-dependent reactions. wr
lecular oxygen can be reduced to superoxide radicw
anion (O2-)1 which, along with its products, may
react
CUIIUM \\j^~f i VVIIIUM, aivuy mm no piuuui^io, m*»/ iiJa
directly with the micro-organism, or H2O2 and ha»o»
may act as substrates for the halogenation of b*3"!/?
by myeloperoxidase. Both superoxide and myelopei"
oxidase-dependent reactions exhibit chemilumines-
cence in vitro and they appear to be major sources o>
light emitted from living cells that are in the process o>
pnagocytizing foreign material. Most previous studie*
of cnemiluminescence in leukocytes have employ*"
particulates (zymosan, heat-killed bacteria, and pojr
styrene butadiene particles), which stimulate phagocyj
tosis as well as O2 metabolism and in some case»
appear to act as substrates in light producing reac.]
lions. Interest in the purely oxidative reactions as *»"
as preliminary studies by Allred and Hill led us to trie
discovery that N-formylmethionyl peptides stimulate
chemiluminescence. These unique compounds, wnien
are found in procaryotes, were recently shown to stim-
ulate both chemotaxis and lysosomal enzyme release
in leukocytes. In this paper the authors describe some
of the properties of N-formylmethionyl (F-Met) pepM6"
induced chemiluminescence in human polymorphonu"
802 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
*. *Chemi|uminescence, 'Phagocytes, 'Pep-
corniT'!808'109' Cells(Biology), Nitrogen organic
n/ TS21u"ds' Humans, Guinea pigs, Rabbits, Laborato-
lonvrfS, ?JExperimental dala' Reprints, 'Formylmeth-
lonyipeptides, Macrophages.
PCA15/MFA01
onmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
urt» S/ S«flm8nt and Nutrients on Biota In
Sep*6*j *r* of the Unlt6d 8tate»- Final r6Pl-
EdSSlf ^niv- Atnens- lnst' °f Ecology.
Van? i ?' £amworth, Michael C. Nichols, Carolyn N.
78 vi* Is' Wolfson, and Robert W. Bosserman. Oot
Q°'^3P EPA/600/3-79-1 05
«rantEPA-R-804868020
a8ne8earcn on the Impacts of sediment, nltro-
fc H»?r phosphorus on aquatic biota was performed
on him .lne tne in"ueices of sediment and nutrients
to nmSi to 8u9888t directions for future research, and
fc,S2- 8"9Qestions for management of freshwater
5 1 iS?8 acr°ss the United States. This report is divid-
OanbS/*0 sections. The first section provides an or-
cornnr.2n 9nd background information to enable In-
arrf.ii on of Iar9e amounts of available Information
ca l if , i Assessment of impacts at several hierarchl-
thall 51 lncluded are a hierarchical scheme that Is
81s r?2! dation of 'he analytical study; a regional analy-
Dhn.Lr6 c?ncentrations of sediment, nitrogen, and
assei. us in 8ur|ace waters; a review of biotic impact
sadlmi . ' approaches; and a review of modeling of
the IIS™ *and n"trient impacts. The second reviews
. * imoact. of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus on
soho~""ja'8 this information into the hierarchical
the i™9 developed in the first section, and shows how
sis.
*Y*ords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic plants, 'Aquatic ani-
niodai. c er Polluti°n, 'Reviews, Mathematical
fresn water biology, Environmental impacts,
ts- Nitrogen, Phosphorus.
rationJournal article,
Pa* K,~Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ir J;- NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
7J°-Courtney, and M. T. Ebron. 1978,8p EPA-600/J-
*• In Biology of the Neonate v34 p203-208,1978.
era**!"6 profiles of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and
d a?« Phosphokinase (CPK) were determined in car-
|Jr5 u»8ue of mice during postnatal development. LDH
Byrnes 1 and 5 showed a definite developmental
J?,nfl«. achieving the adult values by 20 days of age,
iiie the other three isozymes showed no change.
""""1 the first 2 postnatal weeks, a developmental
' vas seen in the activities of the 'mito' and MB
. of CPK, with the adult profile being estab-
lished by day 20. CPK isozymes MM and BB did not
change during this interval.
Keywords: "Heart, Tissues(Biology), Mice, Biochemis-
try, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Reprints,
'Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine,
*Kinase(Phosphorylating)/creatine.
PB80-129919 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Acute and Chronic Cd Exposure on Lln-
dane Metabolism. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. W. Chadwick, E. J. Faeder, L C. King, M. F.
Copelan
78-150
Copeland, and K. Williams. 1 7 Jul 78, 1 Bp EPA-600/ J
ing,
, 1 Bp
Pub. In Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v2
p301-316, 1978.
The study reports the effects of acute and chronic Cd
1,2,3, and 5 weeks after exposure to the heavy meti
Eighty adult male Wlstar rats were randomly assigned
to one of four exposure groups. One group was Inject-
ed sc, three times a week throughout the study, with
0.75 mg of Cd/kg body weight. The other three groups
received one sc injection of either 0, 1.04, or 3.20 mg
of Cd/kg body weight. Twenty-four hours prior to sacri-
fice four rats from each group received a po dose of
1.83 mg of lindane (containing 2.5 mlcroCI of
(14C)linaane). Results of this study indicate that Cd
pretreatment causes inhibition of lindane metabolism
which is of long duration and which is not appreciably
relieved by chronic exposure to the metal.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Cadmium, 'Metals,
Metabolism, Exposure, Bioassay, Parenteral infusions,
Dosage, Rats, 'Heavy metals.
PB80-129927 PC A02/MF A01
Dietary Subacute Toxlclty of Ethylene Thlourea In
the Laboratory Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Ralph I. Freudenthal, Gail Kerchner, Ronald Persing,
ancfRonald L. Baron. 26 May 77,17p EPA-600/J-77-
168
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy, v1 p147-161, 1977. See also PB-267 981. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs. OH.
Ethylene thiourea (ETU) was fed to groups of rats at 0,
1,5,125 or 625 ppm for up to 90 days. Other groups of
rats received either propylthiouracil (PTU;125 ppm) or
amitrole (SO ppm) in their diets as positive controls.
Only those rats which received ETU at 125 or 625 ppm
and those ingesting PTU or amitrole demonstrated a
measurable toxic response. This toxicity was reflected
as an alteration in thyroid function and a significant
change in thyroid morphology. Ingestion of 625 ppm
ETU or 125 ppm PTU resulted in very substantial de-
creases in serum triiodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine
(T-4). Marked increases in serum thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH) levels were found in the 625 and 125
ppm ETU rats, the 125 PTU rats, and the rats receiving
amitrole, each time this hormone was measured. Rats
which ingested 625 ppm ETU also exhibited a de-
crease in iodide uptake by the thyroid. While statistical-
ly significant increase in serum T-4 and degree of thy-
roid hyperplasia was observed for rats ingesting 25
ppm ETU for 60 days, normal thyroid hormone levels
and thyroid morphology was found in rats on 25 ppm
ETU for either 30 or 90 days. Based on biochemical
and microscopic changes examined, the no-effect
level for dietary ETU in this 90-day study is considered
to be 25 ppm.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Thyroid gland,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Laboratory animals, Thyroid
hormones, Diets, Responses, Morphology, Physiologi-
cal effects, Reprints, Thiouvacil/propyr 'Toxic sub-
stances, Histopathology.
PB80-129935 PC A02/MF A01
Instrumentation and Techniques. A Self-Con-
tained, RegOlated, Burst-Firing Constant-Current
AC Shock Generator. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
Joseph S. All, and Lawrence Reiter. 26 Oct 76,11 p
EPA-600/J-77-170
Pub. in Behavior Research Methods and Instrumenta-
tion, v9 n4 p326-333,1977.
A line- and load-regulated constant-current ac shock
generator has been designed for animal behavior ex-
periments. The self-contained unit has four operating
modes, amplitude adjustment, and a leakage current
detection circuit. A unique feature of this generator is
that the good load regulation achieved by using a high-
voltage source is preserved without such problems as
arcing and high current density effects. Circuit sche-
matics, along with a discussion of selected circuits, are
included. Experimental data are presented to demon-
strate the utility of the device.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment, 'AC generators,
Animal behavior, Laboratory animals, Electrical shock,
Reprints.
PB60-129943 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Human Body Burden Baseline
Data of Platinum through Autopsy Tissue Analy-
sis. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Criteria and Special Studies Office.
F. Vandiver P. Duffleld, Anna Yoakum, Joseph
Bumgarner, and John Moran. Jun 76,6p EPA-600/J-
76-101
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v15 p131-
134,1976.
Results of analysis for platinum in 97 autopsy sets are
presented. Analysis was performed by a specially de-
veloped emission spectrochemlcal method. Almost
half of the Individuals studied were found to have de-
tectable platinum in one or more tissue samples. Plati-
num was found to be deposited In 13 of 21 tissue types
Investigated. Surprisingly high values were observed In
subcutaneous fat, previously not considered to be a
target site for platinum deposition. These data will
serve as a human tissue platinum burden baseline In
EPA's Catalyst Research Program.
Keywords: 'Platinum, 'Tissues(Biology), Metals,
Humans, Autopsy, Reprints, Body burdens, Baseline
measurements, 'Heavy metals.
PB80-1299SO PC A02/MF A01
Isolation of a Soluble Cadmium-Binding Protein
from Pulmonary Macrophages. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
C. Christine Cox, and Michael D. Waters. 23 Sep 78,
12pEPA-600/J-78-149
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v46
P385-394,1978.
A soluble cadmium-binding protein, with properties
similar to metallothionein, has been isolated from
rabbit alveolar macrophages. The macrophages were
cultured in Medium 199 with Earle's salts for 24 hr in
the presence of 10 micromoles CdCI2 and carrier-free
109Cd as a tracer. The isolation procedure began with
application of a 100,000 g cell supernatant to a column
of Sephadex G-75 Fine. The fraction containing the
greatest amount of cadmium was eluted at a relative
elution volume, Ve/Vo, of 1.87. A molecular weight de-
termination performed following Sephadex chromatog-
raphy indicated that the apparent molecular weight of
the impure protein was approximately 11,000. The
fractions containing cadmium were pooled and purifi-
cation procedures were applied, including acetone
fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. DEAE-Cellulose
chromatography following acetone fractionation indi-
cated the presence of two forms of metalloprotein as
has been demonstrated previously in the isolation of
cadmlum-thioneln from liver and kidney. The two forms
of metalloprotein were subjected to polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis and, although separation was incom-
plete, bands obtained corresponded to those typically
observed in rat liver.
Keywords: 'Protein, Isolation, Cadmium, Rabbits, Re-
prints, Macrophages.
PB80-129968 PC A02/MF A01
A Novel Device for Charging High Resistivity
Dust Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Duane H. Pontius, and Leslie E. Sparks. 1978, Sp EPA-
600/ J-78-153
December 1983 803
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v28
n7 p698-700 Jul 78. Prepared in cooperation with
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
The paper describes an aerosol precharger that can
provide a charging environment with relatively high uni-
polar ion density for participate matter having high
electrical resistivity. The result is a much higher level of
charge on the particles than can be achieved by a con-
ventional electrostatic precipitator which is limited by
back corona to a low current density. Used in conjunc-
tion with a downstream collector operated at a low cur-
rent density and high electric field strength, the pre-
charger may be of significant value in the collection of
high resistivity paniculate materials.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Aerosols, 'Dust,
Electrical resistivity, Electric charge, Electrostatic pre-
cipitators, Reprints.
PB80-129976 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Hepatic Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes and Porphyria Related to
Contamination with Chlorinated Dlbenzo-p-Dlox-
Ins and Dlbenzofurans, Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Joyce A. Goldstein, Marlin Friesen, Ralph E. Under,
Patricia Hickman, and J. Ronald Mass. 12 May 76,11 p
EPA-600/J-77-171
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v26 p1549-1557,
1977.
The hepatic effects of technical and pure grade pen-
tachlorophenol were investigated in female rats fed
20,100 and 500 ppm of each for 8 months. Technical
pentachlorophenol was contaminated with 8 ppm
hexa-, 520 ppm hepta-, and 1380 ppm octachlorodi-
benzodioxins; pure pentachlorophenol contained less
than 0.1 ppm of each of these contaminants. Techni-
cal pentachlorophenol produced hepatic porphyria
and increased hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
activity, glucuronyl transferase activity, liver weight, cy-
tochrome P-450 and microsomal heme, but not N-de-
methylase activity. The peak of the CO-difference
spectrum of cytochrome P-450 was shifted to 448 nm,
and there was a dramatic increase in the 455-430
ratios of the ethyl isocyanide difference spectrum. The
enzyme changes were observed at 20 ppm of techni-
cal pentachlorophenol. Porphyria occurred at 100 and
500 ppm. Pure pentachlorophenol had no significant
effect on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, liver
weight, cytochrome P-450, microsomal heme, the
ethyl isocyanide difference spectrum or N-demethy-
lase activity at any dose level, but did increase glucur-
onyl transferase at 500 ppm. In contrast, both pure and
technical pentachlorophenol decreased body weight
gain comparably at 500 ppm. It is concluded that tech-
nical pentachlorophenol produces a number of liver
changes which cannot be attributed to pentachloro-
phenol itself, but are consistent with the effects of bio-
logically active chlorinated dibenzo-p-dloxins and di-
benzofurans.
Keywords: 'Porphyria, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
Drugs, Females, Rats, Physiological effects, Metabo-
lism, Enzymes, Contamination, Metabolic diseases,
Reprints, 'Dibenzodioxins, 'Pentachorophenol, *Di-
benzofurans, Dioxin/dibenzo-tetrachloro.
PB80-129984 PC A02/MF A01
Terminal Residues of Carbamats Insecticides.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
R. L. Baron. 1978,8p EPA-600/J-78-160
Pub. in Pure and Applied Chemistry, v50 p503-509,
1978.
Three reviews of carbamate metabolism have ap-
peared recently. One general review covered the deg-
radation in soil and by soil microorganisms and the
third review addressed the specific topic of derivatized
carbamate insecticides. Many of the points noted In
these reviews have been covered in previous reports.
Included in this report are summaries of recent Infor-
mation on terminal residues of nine methyl and dimeth-
yl carbamates and a section on metabolic activation
reactions of derivatized carbamates.
Keywords: 'Carbamates, 'Insecticides, Residues, Re-
views, Degradation, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues.
PB80-130172 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Browns Ferry Blothermal Research Series. II. Ef-
fects of Temperature on Blueglll and Walleye, and
Perlphyton, Macrolnvertebrate, and Zooplankton
Communities In Experimental Ecosystems. He-
search rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Decatur, AL. Biothermal
Research Station.
William B. Wrenn, Brian J. Armitage, Elizabeth B.
Rodgers, Thomas D. Forsythe, and Kenneth L.
Grannemann. Aug 79,187p EPA-600/J-79-092
See also report dated Feb 78, PB-280 675.
Effects of long-term, March-September 1977, temper-
ature elevations on aquatic communities in 12 outdoor
experimental channels were evaluated. Macroinverte-
brates, periphyton, and zooplankton colonized the
channels naturally from the water supplied from
Wheeler Reservoir, Tennessee River. The fish com-
munity consisted of stocked adult bluegill and juvenile
walleye. Four temperature regimens, with three repli-
cate channels per regimen, were maintained. The
major objective of the study is to provide information
for establishing temperature criteria for protection of
important sport and commercial fish species.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Zooplankton, 'Ecology,
'Thermal pollution, 'Wheeler Reservoir, Primary bio-
logical productivity, Biomass, Fishes, Growth, Temper-
ature, Abundance, Algae, Chlorophylls, Seasonal vari-
ations, Tables(Data), Alabama, Periphyton.
PB80-130180 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Ammonia Investigations In the Colorado River
Grand Junction and Frulta, Colorado. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
Joyce S. Hsiao, Bahman Sheikh-ol-Eslami, and Leslie
H. Botham. Dec 79, 215p 2957, EPA-908/5-79-004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4611
Near the western border of Colorado, the Colorado
River is the habitat of lour threatened and endangered
fish species as well as the receiving water course for
sewage effluent from the cities of Grand Junction and
Fruita. An extensive monitoring program was conduct-
ed to sample four water quality parameters which
affect the concentration of un-ionized ammonia, a sub-
stance toxic to fishes at high concentrations. Temper-
ature, pH, total ammonia and flow were measured for
thirteen months along a 20 km reach of the river. Col-
lected data and historical data were compared and
analyzed to establish representative background con-
ditions on a monthly basis. These conditions were then
used to determine the monthly total ammonia loading
allocations for the proposed wastewater treatment fa-
cilities at each of the two cities that would maintain a
safe level of un-ionized ammonia in the river.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Water pollution, 'Colorado
River, Monitoring, pH, Temperature, Stream flow, Ni-
trogen, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Periodic variations, Allocations, Sewage disposal, Col-
orado, 'Water quality data, Organic loading, Low flow.
PB80-130222 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Reserch Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Devolatlllzatlon Kinetics and Elemental Release In
the Pyrolysls of Pulverized Coal. Final rept. Sep 77-
Sep 79,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
V. H. Agreda, R. M. Felder, and J. K. Ferrell. Nov 79,
304p EPA-600/7-79/241
Grant EPA-R-804811
The report gives results of a study of the evolution of
volatile matter and trace elements from pulverized
coal during pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere, using
batch and laminar flow furnace reactors. Five coals
were used, ranging in rank from lignite to anthracite.
Data on transient and equilibrium elemental release
and volatile yields were obtained in a batch furnace re-
actor, under slow heating rates, over a wide range of
temperatures and residence times. Weight losses of all
coals increased significantly with temperature. Devola-
tllization kinetics data were obtained in a laminar flow
reactor for two lignites and a subbituminous coal, with
rapid heating, low to intermediate temperatures, rapid
quenching, and 150-1500 msec residence.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Pyrolysis, 'Reaction kinetics, Air
pollution, 'Trace elements, Pulverized fuels, Volatility
Coal gasification, Carbonization, Combustion proo-
ucts, Mathematical models, Laboratory equipf ?n'j
Chemical reactors, Sampling, Pilot plants, Chemical
analysis, Heavy metals.
PB80-130321 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Technical and Purified Pentachloro-
phenol on the Rat Liver. Journal article, . .
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangie
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div. „
Renate O. Kimbrough, and Ralph E. Under. 17 Nov 7/,
1 4p EPA-600/J-78-1 63 .„
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology *"•
p1 51 -162 1978.
Dietary concentrations of 0, 20, 100, and 500 PP™ °!
technical grade pentachlorophenol were fed to maw
and female Sherman strain rats for 8 months, i nj
same experiment using purified pentachlorophenol
was carried out. The food consumption was measureo
in all rats during the second week of exposure and tor
one week every 6 weeks thereafter. An autopsy wa=
performed on all rats at the end of the experiment. ine
brain, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, and tes™|
were weighed and examined grossly and microscopi-
cally in all rats fed purified pentachlorophenol, an
female rats fed technical pentachlorophenol, and in
the male rats fed the highest dose of technical p*"1:
tachlorophenol and the controls. Only the kidneys ana
livers were examined microscopically in the male raw
fed 20 and 100 ppm of technical pentachloropnenoi-
Although the fooci intake was comparable, male ana
female rats fed 500 ppm of technical and male rats i tea
500 ppm of purified pentachlorophenol gained I W"
weight. The livers of the male and female rats fed sw
ppm technical pentachlorophenol weighed significant-
ly more than those of the controls. The kidneys m »»
male rats fed purified pentachlorophenol weighed sig-
nificantly more than those of the controls; however,
there was no dose-related increase. No morphologi«5u
changes were seen in the kidneys. At the 500-pprn »•£
tary concentrations, technical pentachloroprfenol pro-
duced a severe effect in the liver of female rats charac-
terized by vacuolation of the hepatocytes, an inorea,,,
in fibroblasts and other mononuclear cells within sinu
soids, bile duct proliferation, periportal fibrosis, degen-
erated liver cells, increased mitotic figures, and an ac-
cumulation of brown pigment in macrophages ana »
Kupffer cells. In male rats at the 100- or 500-ppm of*
tary concentrations of technical pentachlorophenol,
the predominant lesion consisted of enlarged pleomor-
phic hepatocytes which had foamy cytoplasm or cyto-
plasm with large vacuoles. The walls of the
central veins of the livers in animals of both
were thickened. At the 100-ppm dietary concantnr
tions similar but less pronounced effects were OD-
served in the livers. Only mild alterations were noted ai
the 20-ppm dietary concentration. Purified pentachlor-
ophenol caused slightly enlarged liver cells with occa-
sional eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions at 500 PPJ"
but no alterations were observed in the livers of raw
fed the 100- and 20-ppm dietary concentrations, ine
results suggest that most of the toxicity associate^
with feeding technical grade pentachlorophenol to ra»
at these dietary concentrations stems from toxic con-
taminants rather than from pentachlorophenol.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Physiological effects. Chlorine
organic compounds, Dosage, Diets, Liver, Raw.
Ingestion(Biology), Males, Females.
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Brain, uung».
Spleen, Liver, Kidneys, Heart, Testes, Morphology.
Reprints, 'Phenol/pentachloro, 'Toxic substances.
PB80-1 30382 PC A02/MF AOl
Factors In the Determination of Selected Trace
Elements In Near-Shore U. S. Waters of Lakes su-
perior and Huron. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Poldoski, E. N. Leonard, J. T. Fiandt, L. E.
Anderson, and G. F. Olson. 1 978, 1 2p EPA-600/J-"8'
157 ..
Pub. in Journal of Great Lakes Res. 4(2), p206-21»
1978.
Determinations of total As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb £
acidified unfiltered water samples from 48 stations rep-
resenting the near-shore U.S. waters of Lake Superior.
Lake Huron, and selected incoming streams gave
overall mean concentrations and standard deviates
(microgram/L) of 1.0 + or - 0.7, 0.9 + or - 1.8, 2.0 +
804 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oft , ' 6 + or • 819' 14 + or - 34, and 0.7 + or -
anaiuH 8P,ectlvely, using flameless atomic absorption
we™, I?6"1008' Total concentrations of Ni and Hg
"«™ usually less than the instrumental detection limits
to««28r?E/L) of °-8 and °-02' respectively. Small
aiSSu . 8i As>and Cr frorn solutions are possible in
temS?1 a mo|ecular spectral interference in the de-
RuI2 "°n of As Usin9 the graphite furnace method.
atom W.a usual|y were only slightly higher in total
p"™6"' concentrations than lake waters, except for
akroS?- n- Nearshore waters of both lakes were very
wwiar m elemental composition.
"Water analysis, 'Trace elements, Lake
Lake Huron, Concentration(Composition),
Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese.
_,„ al), Atomic spectroscopy, Samples, Reprints,
tinn = Pollution detection, Flameiess atomic absorp-
"on analysis
, NC.
PCA02/MFA01
nmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
.
Jour1 ?radler|t Magnetic Paniculate Collection.
Journal article,
^search Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
78-1 5-1 '' and C' Goodin9- 1978' 1°P EPA-600/J-
he A'Che symP°sium Series, v74, n175, p157-
oftofif per Ascribes the initial phases of an evaluation
tarn IP grad'ent magnetic separation (HGMS) as a po-
M**? metnod of fine Particle collection from industrial
tsph!9ases- HGMS is a relatively new separation
que tnat nfls been shown to be capable of re-
h|nk °9 srr|all, weakly magnetic particles from liquids at
hi1'1 .Process rates. The design and operation of a
aJIS i scale apparatus is described, and preliminary
*Perlmental results are discussed. HGMS is found to
Parti? i of h'9n efficiency collection of submicron
nirno 'rom a stream of redlspersed basic oxygen
"»ce dust. Preliminary projections indicate that full-
""-"il costs and power requirements would be
Bywords: 'Fines, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
n, Capitalized costs, Design, Performance
', Magnetic separators, Filtration, 'High gra-
gnetic separation.
Enu80"130412 PC A10/MF A01
''wonmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Bin S* port and Water Quality Management Plan.
ninnrt lbbo.ns of the Bi9 Sky Country Areawide Plan-
Al« "rgenization, Bozeman, MT.
iaen in part by Environmental Protection
bl«";nov' Denver, CO.Color illustrations reproduced in
""«* and white.
nlnn 5iob°ns of the Big Sky Country Areawide Plan-
no!!;. Urganization is a voluntary organization of local
"rjernments which was designated by the Governor
an™'pntana in May, 1975, as the water quality planning
•SUSpy for the Madison and Gallatin River drainages in
SJJ?lwestern Montana. In June, 1975, the US. Envi-
Bram tel Protection Agency approved a $475,000
Sa"v application from Blue Ribbon under provisions of
mS0" 208 of the Clean Water Act as amended. The
devfe 90al of tne B!ue R'bbons program has been to
serve-B-*ater qua!'ty "lanaoement plan that will pre-
and Protect the 'Blue Ribbon' trout streams of
luliliuu a'oe acceptable to a majority of residents, and
rnarL requirements of Section 208. This report sum-
forth ? tne study conducted by Blue Ribbons, sets
M,.1".
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Urban areas, Math-
ematical models, Drainage, Pavements, Water quality,
Fluid infiltration, Rainfall, Base flow,
Concentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Inorganic nitrates, Inorganic phosphates,
Computer programs, "Storm water runoff, Urban hy-
drology, SWMM 3 computer program, SWMM model,
CDC computers.
PB80-130834 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Effects of Pesticides on the Immune Response.
Final rept. 16 Feb 77-30 Apr 79,
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA.
Dept. of Biochemistry.
Walter B. Dandliker, Arthur N. Hicks, Stuart A. Levison,
Kris Stewart, and R. James Brawn. Sep 79,52p EPA-
600/1-79-039
Grant EPA-R-803885
The influence of various pesticides on the humoral and
cellular immune response to fluorescein labeled oval-
bumin has been analyzed. Pesticides (Aroclor 1260,
Dinoseb, Parathion, pentachloronitrobenzene, piper-
onyl butoxide, mixed pyrethrins and Resmethrin) were
administered intragastrically in corn oil in one dose
(one half of LD50) before primary immunization. Con-
trol groups included those treated with corn oil alone or
immunosuppressed with Methotrexate. Booster immu-
nizations and test bleedings were scheduled at weekly
intervals thereafter. The cellular immune response
was quantified by redness and swelling, histological
examination and by differential temperature measure-
ments of the foot pads after antigen challenge. The
concentration, binding affinity and heterogeneity of the
serum antibody were determined by fluoroscience po-
larization measurements. Dinoseb and Parathion de-
press both the humoral and cellular response. Metho-
trexate and pentachloronitrobenzene give a late stimu-
lation, while Resmethrin an early, sometimes very
marked stimulation of the cellular immune response.
Other pesticides showed little or no effect under the
conditions tested. Effects on the humoral response
were limited to changes in antibody concentration, the
binding affinity being nearly constant in all instances.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Immunology,
Ingestion(Biology), Histology, Temperature, Chlorine
organic compound, Insecticides, Parathion, 'Immune
responses, Aroclor 1260, Biphenyl/hexachloro, Dino-
seb, Phenol/buty-dinitro, PCNB fungicide, Benzene/
nitro-pentachloro, Pyrethrins, Resmethrin, Butoxide/
piperonyl.
PB80-1308S9 PC A17/MF AQ1
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program
Office.
The Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of
Marine Bird Populations In the Strait of Juan de
Fuca and Northern Puget Sound In 1978. Technical
memo.,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Coll. of Forest Resources.
David A. Manuwal,, Terence R. Wahl, and Steven M.
Speich. Sep 79,395p NOAA-TM-ERL-MESA-44,,
NOAA-79120418
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Marine bird populations were studied from 1 January
1978, to 31 December 1978, the first of two years, in
the Strait of Juan de Fuca north to the San Juan Is-
lands and Point Roberts and west to Sidney, British
Columbia, to determine their time of occurrence, distri-
bution, abundance, and locations of important concen-
trations. A total of 3,667 census sites and segments
were sampled during 1978. Data were obtained on
breeding marine birds on 138 islands in the study area.
Seasonal distribution, abundance, and species com-
position are discussed according to region.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Birds, Surveys,
Dlstribution(Property), Abundance, Washlngton(State),
Coasts, Puget Sound, Juan de Fuca Strait,
Tables(Data), Seasonal variations, Canada, British Co-
lumbia, 'Animal populations.
PB80-130883 PC A02
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant.
Toxlclty of the Herbicides 2,4-D, DEF, Propanll
and Trltluralln to the Dungeness Crab, 'Cancer
maglster',
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Richard S. Caldwell, David V. Buchanan, David A.
Armstrong, Michael H. Mallon, and Raymond E.
Millemann. c1979,15p ORESU-R-79-010,
TECHNICAL PAPER-4819, NOAA-79120404
Contract EPA-68-01-0188, Grant NOAA-04-3-158-4
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v8 c>383-396 1979. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Lethal and sublethal responses to the herbicides 2,4-
D, DEF, propanil, and tnfluralin of various life history
stages of the Dungeness crab, Cancer maglster, were
examined to estimate maximum acceptable toxicant
concentrations (MATC) of each compound lor this
species. Zoeae were found, in long term tests, to be
the most sensitive stage. Based on the experiments
with this stage, MATCs were concluded to be greater
than 0.95, less than 6.9 micro g/L for DEF, = 26, less
than 220 micro g/L for trifluralin, = 80, less than 1,700
microgram/L for propanil, and less than 1,000 micro
g/L for the free acid form of 2.4-D.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology, Fluorine organic
compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Lethal
dosage, Responses, Chlorine organic compounds,
Crabs, Concentratton(Composition), Reprints, 'Toxic
substances, Cancer magister, Dungeness crab, D 2-4
herbicide, Acetic acids, Propanil, Propionanilide/dich-
loro, Trifluralin, Toluidine/dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-trifluoro,
Sea Grant program.
PB80-130891 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions Meaaurement
and Control (3rd), Held at San Francisco, Califor-
nia on October 23-25,1978. Proceedings rept.,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT
J. King. Aug 79,441 p EPA-600/7-79-182
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
The proceedings are a compilation of technical papers
prepared for presentation at the Third Symposium on
Fugitive Emissions, October 23-25,1978, at San Fran-
Cisco, CA. The papers discuss the scope and impact of
fugitive emissions (non-point sources) and;present
techniques which have been used to measure the
emissions. Fugitive emission control technologies are
also discussed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, 'Meetings,
'Surface water runoff, Dust, Particles, Air pollution
control, 'Fugitive emissions, Non point sources, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB80-130966 PC A02/MF A01
Determining Wattewater Treatment Costa for
Your Community.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Oct79,25pFRD-9
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is providing
this brochure to assist the community in determining
the approximate cost of building and operating a mu-
nicipal wastewater collection and treatment system.
The brochure has been developed for facilities serving
less than 50,000 people.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Sewage treatment, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Construction costs, Maintenance, Operat-
ing costs, Populations, Periodic variations.
PB80-131121 PCA03/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
Planned Community - Chlorine and Ozone Toxlcl-
ty Evaluation. Final rept. Jul 73-Dec 76,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Biology.
Brian Hammond, and James Bishop, Jr. Aug 79,49p
EPA-600/2-79/050E
Grant EPA-802433
See also Volume 1, PB80-121437.
To ensure adequate water quality for impoundments
receiving disinfected wastewater In The Woodlands,
Texas the following experiments were conducted.
Using fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
the 96 hour LC50 for chlorine is 0.07 mg/l (total chlo-
rine) and 0.03 mg/l for ozone in flow through bioas-
says. Chlorine and ozone exposures had little effect on
kidney functions. Exposure to both chlorine and ozone
drastically reduced the ability of the gills to actively
absorb sodium from the water. Long term exposure to
chlorine drastically reduced both blood pressure ana
heart rate while exposure to ozone had little, if any,
effect. Blood pressure and heart rate are very sensitive
physiological parameters and changes are indicative
of a stressful environment. Both chlorine and ozone
are extremely toxic to fish at low levels. If detected in
receiving waters by present analytical techniques, a
toxic condition exists.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Chlorine, 'Ozone,
'Fishes, Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage,
Bioassay, Disinfection, Evaluation, Kidney, Water qual-
ity, Texas, Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Tne
WoodlandsfTexas), 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB80-131162 PC A04/MF Apt
Heat Generation of Spent Bed Materials from At-
mospheric Fluldlzed-bed Combustion of Coat.
Final rept. Jan 78-Apr 79,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Rhyne H. Kim. Sep 79,73p EPA-600/J-79-223 .
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. ai
Charlotte.
The report describes an experimental investigation of
the hydration process of spent bed material (wltn.5. Jj
cium/sulfur ratio of 3) from an atmospheric flui"iz?f
bed combustor for maximum temperature, rate of tem-
perature rise, and controllability of temperature rise
with various amounts of water. Tap water was suppliwj
through a rainfall simulating device. For the volume
ration of the spent bed material to water larger man
1.2, the temperature of the spent bed material rose Kb
77 C; at ratios less than 1.2, the maximum temperature
of the material was 132 C. Rates of temperature rise in
*J9Q QAfVoiiuQU uia vvjiunio \ji MTO ayaiik wav* .t.«
faster than by moisture in the atmosphere when trie
material was exposed to the ambient atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Heat transmis-
sion, 'Hydratlon, Air pollution control, Limestone, Sona
waste disposal, Earth fills, Moisture, Forecasting, Em-
fusion coefficient, Temperature control, 'Solid wastes.
PB80-131170 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. _. .,
Cellcote Ionizing Wet Scrubber Evaluation. Finai
rept. Sep 78-Sep 79,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, CA.
David S. Ensor. Nov 79,122p EPA-600/7-79-246
Contract EPA-68-02-2125
The report gives results of an evaluation of a CellcoW
ionizing wet scrubber installed on a refractory one*
kiln. Tests involved particulate mass emission, particw
size distribution, and opacity. Overall efficiency was
93% with an average outlet opacity determined witn a
heated plant process visiometer (PPV) of 8% over a
1.68 m (5.5 ft) path length. The average particle cut a-
ameter of the scrubber system was 0.5 micrometer.
The estimated theoretical power requirement for trie
ionizing wet scrubber was 41 W/actual cu m (1-54 "P,
1000 actual cu m). The scrubber system developed tor
the kiln included a cooling tower to provide chilieo
water for the prescrubber to condense volatile emis-
sions which required 26 W/actual cu m (2.5hp/ iO°r
acfm). The performance of the ionizing wet scrubber,
based on theoretical power input, exceeds that of a
venturi scrubber.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Kilns, lonization, Efficiency, Particles, Perform-
ance evaluation, Wet methods.
PB80-131188 PCA19/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, Cfr
Region IX.
Technical Assistance In Developing NonarMin;
ment Plans for Selected Areas In California. P"8'
rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
806 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
James A. Throgmorton. Aug 79, 440p EPA-909/9-79-
ContractEPA-68-02-2535
for California State Air Resources Board,
"[hjs report is intended to assist the California Air Re-
P°.ard bv defining the nature, extent, and
Vl.o|ations of standards governing total sus-
particulates in the air basins of the north coast,
ftTn, , ento Valley, San Joaquin Valley, and south
"»«rai coast of the State and to identify the potential
"wans of eliminating these violations.
as: *Air Pollution abatement, Particles, Emis-
Sr"' Combustion products, Aerosols, Dust, Sampling,
S2Sk°n8.' Trends, Analyzing, Tables(Data), Photo-
355;™' 9al!fornia, 'Total suspended particulates, Fu-
""" '" s, Air pollution standards.
B3P"131352 PC A09/MF A01
™Jjfonment Midwest, January 1978 through De-
^•vironmentai Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
a|so report dated Jan 77, PB-286 416.
document compiles the January 1978 through
ber 1978 issues of Environment Midwest into a
vo'ume- This periodical publication reports on
rnental protection efforts in the midwestern
States w'thin the states of Illinois, Indiana,
, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin.
*Air pollution, "Water pollution, 'Solid
sal, Periodicals, Industrial wastes, Law en-
Earth fills, Hazardous materials, United
tem Region(United States).
f131386 PC A02/MF A01
thin u1 0xW«nt Exposure and Health Costs In
2? jjnltfd States-1973. Journal article,
pfT™? Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
:.NC- Criteria and Special Studies Office.
ad Q. Gillette. Apr 77,5p EPA-600/J-77-169
•'n Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v27,
of information presented in this paper Is di-
Policy makers and administrators involved in
«
"» evaluation and assessment of damages caused by
o» S"1 ^ Pollution on human health and welfare and
'Possible benefits of control. To provide a compari-
Z"" Of some of the benefits that can be obtained by re-
cru!"9 Photochemical oxidant levels, estimated health
efXwere dBrived from data relating adverse health
dent Dourly oxidant concentrations. Hourly oxi-
Drnvi Or ozone concentrations were measured at ap-
om ,i?ate!y 40° monitoring stations scattered through-
rj« "is U.S. Most of these sites were located in major
CBM areas or in other areas where high oxidant con-
r"watlon8 prevailed. Estimates of populations at risk
J"? 'Per capita health costs were generated for those
naS? where oxidant data was available. During the
jjrjoa 1971-1973, nearly two-thirds of the U.S. popula-
tnJIVesided in areas where the hourly primary standard
•fk ox'oants of 1 60 micrograms/cu m was exceeded.
"• total annual health cost attributable to oxidants
J;,^ wtlmated to range from $1 20 to over $240 million
o*£*ords: 'Toxicology, United States, Humans,
pTy-entrationtComposition), Exposure, Estimates, Air
™"utjon. Reprints, 'Health care costs, 'Air pollution
n^ectsfHumans), Ajr poii^jon control, Photochemical
^aants, Toxic substances.
c*5°-131428 PC A12/MF A01
»"^ronmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Kg'ePark.NC.
r°t«Mlal Atmospheric Carcinogens, Phase 1.
S*n«fic«tion and Classification. Interim rept. Sep
J.'-Oct 76,
anto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
. McMlllin, Leland B. Mote, and Daryl G.
is. Jan 80, 255p« MRC-DA-870. EPA-600/2-
A-68-02-2773
? comprehensive literature search identified more
"«n 125 high-volume chemicals having the potential
vl oecomlng airborne carcinogenic pollutants. Based
on carcinogenicity and mutagenicity data, the pollut-
ants were divided into three categories: probable car-
cinogens, possible carcinogens, and probable noncar-
cinogens. Additional data were collected for the possi-
ble and probable carcinogens including their annual
production, emissions, atmospheric persistence, and
relative mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies. The
pollutants were then ranked on the basis of a calculat-
ed equivalent weight of benzo(a) pyrene emitted per
year after 24 hours in the atmosphere. From the top
portions of these two lists, 20 compounds, represent-
ing various chemical classes, were chosen for future
analysis. A state-of-the-art review of the effect of co-
factors on the carcinogenicity of chemicals was also
completed. To locate optimum sampling sites in cities
of interest, a series of carcinogen isopleths was gener-
ated. Using information such as the locations of sta-
tionary sources of carcinogenic pollutants, normalized
wind direction and speed, and the height, temperature,
and rate of flow of the sources, the probable locations
of maximum carcinogenic pollution concentration were
computed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carcinogens,
Concentration(Composition), Reviews, Nomographs,
Mutagens, State of the art.
PB80-13148S PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment Analysis of Uncertainty-
Principles and Applications. Final rept. Nov 76-Mar
78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
R. W. Serth, T. W. Hughes, R. E. Opferkuch, and E. C.
Eimutis. Aug 78,181 p MRC-DA-632, EPA-600/2-78-
004U
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Feb 76, PB-253 479.
This report provides the results of a study that was
conducted to analyze the uncertainties involved in the
calculation of the decision parameters used In the
Source Assessment Program and to determine the
effect of these uncertainties on the decision-making
procedure. A general procedure for performing an
analysis of uncertainty is developed based on the prin-
ciples of error propagation and statistical Inference. It
Is shown that this simple and straightforward method
represents an approximation to standard statistical
techniques. The approximate method is Illustrated by
application to four problems in the area of environmen-
tal control. The general procedure is used to establish
guidelines for conducting air emissions studies in the
Source Assessment Program. In particular, guidelines
are established for precision in field sampling and ana-
lytical work, and for setting critical values of decision
parameters.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, As-
sessments, Errors, Probability theory, Decision
making, 'Stationary sources, Point sources.
PB80-131501 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals ana Industry.
A Study of the Dispersal of Suspended Sediment
from the Fraser and Skaglt River* Into Northern
Puget Sound using Landsat Imagery,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, WA. Pacific Marine Environmental Lab.
Richard A. Feely, and Marilyn F. Lamb. Feb 79,56p
EPA-600/7-79-165
In the past, the Northern Puget Sound and Strait of
Juan de Fuca regions have accommodated the trans-
portation and refining of petroleum without serious
problems from spilled oil. However, proposed activities
related to the transport and use of petroleum In these
regions increase the chances of significant additions
of petroleum to this marine environment The primary
objectives of this study are to: (1) Describe the disper-
sal patterns of suspended matter emanating from the
Fraser and Skagit River by means of careful analysis
of LANDSAT imagery; and (2) to develop and evaluate
computer algorithms for mapping concentrations of
total and inorganic suspended matter from the Fraser
and Skaglt Rivers.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Oil pollution,
'Fraser River, 'Skaglt River, 'Puget Sound, Diapers-
ing, Infrared mapping, Circulation, Radiance, Aerial
photographs, Regression analysis, Seasonal vari-
ations, Distributfon(Property), Washington(State),
MESA project, LANDSAT satellites, Total suspended
matter.
PB80-131684 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Standards for Coal Conversion
Processes. Volume tl. Selected State, Mexican,
and Canadian Regulations. Final rept. Feb 77-Jan
79,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
D. K. Webber, and D. E. Whittaker. Oct 79,367p EPA-
600/7-79-231B
Contract EPA-68-02-2198
See also PB80-126980.
The intent of this report is to provide those working in
the engineering areas of multimedia environmental
control an awareness of the types and breadth of regu-
lations and criteria that have been and will be imple-
mented. The information contains an engineering in-
terpretation of some of the more stringent standards in
the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. This is intended to aid
process designers in their efforts to design environ-
mentally improved facilities. The information is not in-
tended to be a definitive summary or an exhaustive list-
ing. Nor, is the report able to reflect accurately the cur-
rent status of regulations because of on-going addi-
tions or changes.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Coal preparation,
'Regulations, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Standards, Mexico, Canada, 'Coal liq-
uefaction.
PB80-131592 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Reseach Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FOD Survey: July-September, 1979.
Quarterly rept. Jul-Sep 79,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, and M. Melia. Oct 79,270p EPA-600/7-79-
022F
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
See also report dated Jul 79, PB80-122633.
The report is the last of three supplements updating
the December 1978-January 1979 report (EPA-600/7-
79-022c) and should be used in conjunction with it.
The report was generated by a new computerized data
base system and differs from those of the previous
series in that the scope of design data for operating
FGD systems is vastly expanded, section formats are
revised somewhat, and a new section includes oper-
ational particulate scrubbers. The report gives a survey
of utility flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) systems in the
U.S. It summarizes information contributed by the utili-
ty Industry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies,
and consulting engineering firms. Systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically By development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process, and waste disposal
practice. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. It Includes unit by unit dependability param-
eters and discusses problems and solutions associat-
ed with the boilers and the FGD systems. Process flow
diagrams and FGD system economic data are append-
ed to the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Flue
gases, Electric utilities, Boilers, Cost analysis, 'Flue
gas desurfurizatton, Listings, Stationary sources.
PB80-131832 PC A04/MF A01
A Summary of the Interlaboratory Source Per-
formance Surveys for EPA Reference Methods 6
and 7-1977. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
R. G. Fuerst, R. L. Denny, and M. R. Midgett. Aug 79,
81p EPA/600/4-79-045
This report summarizes the 1977 results of a source
methods survey program conducted by the Quality As-
surance Branch of the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. As part of these surveys, test solutions pre-
pared as internal quality control samples were sent to
Interested participants In May and November for analy-
sis by EPA Source Method 6 for SO2 and EPA Source
Method 7 for NOx. Each participant returned the ana-
December 1983 807
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lytical results to the Quality Assurance Branch for eval-
uation; an individual report was returned to each partic-
ipant after processing. This report contains a summary
of the survey results for the analytical portion of these
two source methods.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Surveys, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), EPA
method 6, EPA method 7, Procedures.
PB80-131840 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Control of Air Emissions from Process Operations
In the Rock Crushing Industry- Rept. for 1977-78.
JACA Corp.. Fort Washington, PA.
Feb 79, 97p EPA-340/1-79-002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4135
Three basic methods of controlling emissions from
process operations in crushed stone plants are de-
scribed • dry captive systems using fabric filters, wet
suppression systems, and combinations of these.
Operational problems with these systems associated
with plant portability and product size are discussed.
Examples of good design practices and maintenance
procedures for these control options are covered. An
electrostatic charged fog technique for control of small
dust particles is described and operational problems
listed. A second part analyzes the downwind effects of
reducing emissions for worker safety.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, *Rock crushers,
Crushed stone, Crushing, Dry methods, Wet methods,
Occupational safety.
PB80-131949 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Solid Sorbent lor Collecting Atmospheric Sulfur
Dioxide. Final rept. May 75-Nov 77,
Union Carbide Corp., Bound Brook, NJ. Chemicals and
Plastics Research Labs.
R. J. Cotter, and S. G. Smith, Jr. Dec 79,44p EPA-600/
2-79-205
Contract EPA-68-02-1782
A solid sorbent for collecting atmospheric S02 was
evaluated as part of an overall effort to develop a re-
placement method for the West-Gaeke method pres-
ently used to measure 24-hour ambient aulfur dioxide
concentrations in ambient air. Research showed that a
solid sorbent, consisting of Puramer S coated open
cell polyurethane foam, can be used to fix the quanti-
ties of sulfur dioxide that would be collected if typical
ambient air was filtered for 24 hours at 200 cc/min.
The method of assaying sulfur dioxide collected by the
sorbent consisted of controlled thermal desorption of
sulfur dioxide followed by continuous analysis using a
Dohrmann microcoulometric titration system. Trouble-
some sulfur dioxide decay, occuring during post collec-
tion storage, was primarily the result of oxidation.
Decay was minimized, to an acceptable level, by prop-
erly sealing the spent Puramer S collector devices to
prevent oxygen contamination from contacting the sor-
bent prior to thermal desorption and subsequent as-
saying.
Keywords: 'Sorbents, *Sulfur dioxide, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Adsorption,
Sampling, Polyurethane resins, Foams, Temperature,
Storage, Performance evaluation, Desorption, *Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB80-131964 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hazardous Material Incinerator Design Criteria.
Final rept.,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
L Manson, and S. Unger. Oct 79,111 p EPA-600/2-79-
198
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
This report surveys commercial incineration facilities;
characterizes four major types of incinerators - liquid
injection, fluidized bed, rotary kiln and multiple hearth;
and discusses how thermochemical properties of
wastes affect their incineration and how application of
thermochemical analysis of the wastes can be used.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal, Sludge dispos-
al, Liquid wastes, Chemical effluents, Design, Perform-
ance, Efficiency, 'Liquid waste disposal, Liquid injec-
tion incineration, Fluidized bed incinerators, Multiple
hearth incinerators, Rotary kiln incinerators.
PB80-131980 PC A07/MF A01
Photochemistry of Some Naturally Emitted Hydro-
carbons. Research rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert R. Arnts, and Bruce W. Gay, Jr. Sep 79,140p
EPA-600/3-79-081
Six C10H16 monoterpenes, p-cymene, and isoprene,
all known or thought to be emitted to the atmosphere
by vegetation, were irradiated in the presence of NOx.
The terpenes studied included one acyclic triolefin
(myrcene), two monocyclic diolefins (d-limonene, ter-
pinolene), and three bicyclic monolefins (alpha-pinene,
beta;pinene, and delta-carene). Propylene was also
studied since this olefin serves as a point of reference
with other chamber studies. Results showed that mon-
oterpenes and isoprene promoted the oxidation of NO
to N02 and were themselves consumed at rates com-
parable to or greater than propylene; p-cymene was
decidedly slow in these respects. The monoterpenes
however did not permit the buildup of ozone due to
their rapid reaction with ozone. The ozone suppression
was particularly noticeable at high carbon/NOx ratios.
Deciduous forests, isoprene emitters, are coniferous
fofests. Coniferous forests may in fact function as a
sink for ozone. Reported ambient concentrations of
isoprene and terpenic hydrocarbons in forested areas
are too low to account for more than a few ppb of
ozone even if NOx is available.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Hydrocarbons,
'Trees(Plants), 'Terpene hydrocarbons, 'Atmospher-
ic chemistry, Forests, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Ultra-
violet radiation.
PB80-132004 PC A03/MF A01
Corvaliis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Probable Effects of Acid Precipitation on Pennsyl-
vania Waters. Final rept. May-Oct 79,
Florida Solar Energy Center, Cape Canaveral.
Dean E. Arnold, Robert W. Light, and Valerie J.
Dymond. Jan 80,30p EPA-600/3-80-012
Contract EPA-B-0835NAEX
crops were grown with applied wastewater at rates up
to 200 and 1 00 mm per week, respectively. Vegetation
was harvested at appropriate stages of growth ano
evaluated for yield response, forage quality, and nutn-
ent removal. Groundwater chemical characteristics
were measured in wells located in the irrigated "ew-°_
and compared with off-site control wells and the ap-
plied wastewater. Soil samples were collected trom
several plots at various depths through time to charac-
terize the change in soil properties in relation to chemi-
cal processes and crop production.
tify any trends in water chemistry and fish communities
in Pennsylvania waters which would indicate that acid
precipitation was affecting them adversely. No new
data collection was to be included. Five existing data
bases, including original data collected by the authors,
were examined for the existence of water analyses
from the same or nearby locations separated by at
least one year. (Analyses involving known or suspect-
ed influence of acid mine drainage were omitted.) Of a
total of 983 analysis reports which were usable, there
were 314 cases with two or more such points. Of these
107 or 34% showed a decrease in pH, alkalinity, or
both. Many of these decreases are to pH levels con-
sidered marginal for growth and reproduction of trout
and other fishes. Seventy-one of the 107 analyses
showing decreased pH or alkalinity included fish col-
lection data. In 40 of these cases (58%), the number of
fish species present decreased as well.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Stream pollution, Surveys, Fishes, Water analysis,
pH, Alkalinity, Sampling, Growth,
Reproduction(Biology), Water quality, Populations,
Sites, Trends, Tables(Data), Pennsylvania, 'Acid rain,
Water pollution eftects(Animals).
PB80-132210 PC A15/MF AOt
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Waatewater Irrigation at Tallahassee, Florida,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Allen R. Overman, Aug 79,342p EPA-600/2-79-151
Grant EPA-S-800829
Municipal wastewater from the City of Tallahassee,
Florida, which has received secondary treatment was
used to demonstrate the effectiveness of wastewater
renovation without pollution of groundwater or surface
water through land application to forage crops by
sprinkler irrigation. Five summer and two winter forage
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment,
crops, Plant growth, Water quality, Ground water,
properties, Yield, Efficiency, Removal, Bacteria, ion
exchanging, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Field tests, W««*
wells, Monitoring, Florida, Land application, Sewage ir-
rigation.
PB80-132236 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, (**
Office of General Enforcement. ^
Environmental Protection Agency Performance
Test Methods. Parts I and II.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Aug 78, 204p EPA-340/ 1 -78-01 1
This packet is part of a series of emission testing «?'**"
ed material that has been supplied to Federal, Staw
and local agencies by the Division of Stationary
Source Enforcement of the Environmental Protect ion
Agency to enable the field enforcement staff to keep
informed of current methods development and
cations. To enable the field enforcement staff to
op and maintain a current field testing manual,
dated, double spaced, typed version of Reference
Methods 1 through 8 (Part 1) and field data sheew
(Part II) are provided in this packet. Additional materw
will be provided as it is developed and published.
i-ieio tests, Air pollution, uaroon dioxiae, Mom^rr.
weight, Moisture content, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, r«-
trogen oxides, Sulfuric acid, *EPA methods, 'Air po""'
tion detection, EPA method 1, EPA method 2, tr«
method 3, EPA method 4, EPA method 5, EPA metnou
6, EPA method 7, EPA method 8, Stationary sources.
Numerical solution, Procedures. >
PB80-132350 PC AOS/MF AOj
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cinclnnan.
OH. una
Automatic Sludge Blanket Control In an Operation
Gravity Thickener. Final rept. Sep 76-Apr 78, .,
Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, St. Paul, MI*
R. C. Polta, and D. A. Stulc. Nov 79, 90p EPA/600/Z-
79-159
Grant EPA-S-803602
The purposes of this study were to evaluate some o
the hardware required to monitor and control the ope"
ation of a gravity thickener and to identify any t>en? „;
associated with improved sludge blanket level centre^
An automatic sludge blanket level control system w»
installed in one of the six gravity thickeners at the M9*'
ropplitan Waste Water Treatment Plant. In addition.
optical type solids analyzers were installed to rno.nlK'
the inflow, overflow, and underflow streams of t*j
basins - one with automated blanket level control an"
one with manual control. The performance character
istics of the instruments were documented durino °
series of five tests.
Keywords: 'Automatic control equipment, 'Sewasjf
treatment, Performance evaluation, ThickeninB.
Sludge, Process control, Dewatennfl.
Thickeners(Equipment), Cost analysis.
PB80-132368 PC A07/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinna».
OH. .
Preliminary Cost Estimates of Pollution Control
Technologies for Geothermal Developments. Firw
rept., ,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redone"
Beach, CA.
R. Sung, G. Houser, G. Richard, J. Cotter, and P.
Weller. Oct 79, 144p EPA-600/7-79-225
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
808 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This
an? 1 ? Provides preliminary cost estimates of air
mil «,, P°"ut'°ri control technologies for geother-
dlann«9ir9y conversion facilities. Costs for solid waste
nn«i .
JlSi?* are also estimated. The technologies exam-
"JJ include those for control of hydrogen sulfide emis-
metoi. Jfor control of water discharges containing
"8Wls and Inorganic dissolved solids.
,e -;; *Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
r.u ,waste di8Posal, Cost estimates, Cost analy-
Md C08ts' Operating costs, 'Geothermal
nts.
PCA25/MFA01
?mal Soiances Research Lab.( Research Tri-
s of Photochemical Reactions In Urban
Dec 74-30 Nov 78,
,-. .
- Pitts, Jr., Karen Darnall, William P. L. Carter,
and Roger Atkinson. Nov 79, 583p
program designed to provide data
lidation of models for chemical
_ ..—.ons in air pollution are presented. A 5800-
' '""on-coated, evacuable, thermostatted cham-
'or SrSiPi- Kw xenon arc solar simulator were used
Bong ~™a«°ns, under simulated atmospheric condi-
•Ulta'fr various hydrocarbon-NOx-air mixtures. Re-
•6ntanSm a total °'11* irradiations, employing repre-
bowTT9 alkanes, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates,
8,e" *J"aly and in two or multi-hydrocarbon mixtures,
leal mSu *"•Tne experimental procedures and analyt-
anrt ^ ods employed in this study and the limitations
Ics er2sertaimiss in 'he data are discussed. The kinet-
*o»Ji "ifchanism of the gas phase reaction of hy-
*8ra «•adlcals with o-cresol and methoxy benzene
meihui i ™d- The reactions of O3 with acetylene,
Wsra .P voxal and a series of aromatic hydrocarbons
were also studied.
• 'Photochemical reactions, 'Hydrocarbons,
Urban areas, Reaction kinetics, Nitrogen
°xioatlon reduction reactions, Free radicals,
Phtrt^k "WctJon mechanisms, Peroxyacety nitrate,
•^•ochemlcaloxldarrts.
SS?T13J<2« PC AOS/MF A01
n-Attalnment Areas for Ozone In North
lton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
n^ major objective of the-contract effort was to deter-
RAr-r . direct economic impact of implementing
yj-ji standards in North Carolina. The study Is to be
aj3S Primarily to assist EPA and state decisions on
aWarC8 the smission limitations of the RACT stand-
low' 'De economic impact was assessed for the fol-
Sr"9 2 RACT industrial categories: surface coating of
and bulk gasoline terminals. Direct economic
.
iCS: and benefits from the implementation of RACT
r?0ns were identified and quantified while second-
018 (social, energy, employment, etc.) are ad-
they were not a major emphasis in the study.
s: 'Air pollution control, 'Economic impact,
c^jr"'. North Carolina, Benefit cost analysis, Hydro-
. uons, Organic compounds, Paper coating process-
*li/L.L7per Industry, Gasoline, Economic factors,
""•cklenburg County'North Carolina).
PCA02/MFA01
__f _ ' Efficiency: Road vs Dynamometer. Techni-
R5v'ronmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
«ros Development and Support Branch.
'Grugett. Aug 79,12p EPA-AA^DSB-79-29
-^afcuracy of results obtained from vehicle fuel con-
on measurements performed on a dynamome-
ter in predicting fuel consumption on the road depends
upon the ability of the dynamometer 19 simulate the
road experience of the vehicle. A series of steady-
state tests were run on a 1976 Mercury Montego on a
twin-roll dynamometer at the EPA and on the Trans-
portation Research Center test track in Ohio. Under
the conditions of this experiment, significantly different
fuel consumption was measured on the track versus
the consumption measured on the dynamometer.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Automobiles, Road
tests, Dynamometers, Performance tests.
PB80-132590 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Energy Systems Environmental Control Div.
Evaluation of the Ames Solid Waste Recovery
System. Part II: Performance of the Stoker Fired
Steam Generators. Interim rept. 5 Feb 76-4 Feb 77,
Ames, Iowa.
D. Van Meter, A. W. Joensen, W. L. Larsen, R. Reece,
and J. L Hall. Oct 79,190p EPA-600/7-79-229
Grant EPA-R-803903010
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Engineering Research Inst., and Midwest Research
Inst., Kansas City, MO. See also Part 1, PB-274 552
and Part 3, PB80-132608.
The report describes the thermodynamlc and mechan-
ical performance and corrosion evaluation of the
stoker boilers while burning RDF as a supplemental
fuel with coal. It can be stated that refuse derived fuel
(RDF) may be successfully fired in these stoker boilers
with no insurmountable problems.
Keywords: "Boilers, Electric power plants, Solid waste
disposal, Refuse disposal, Coal, Corrosion, Thermal
efficiency, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
•Refuse-fueled boilers, Refuse derived fuels,
Ames(lowa), Municipal wastes.
PB80-132608 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Qnclnnatl,
OH. Energy Systems Environmental Control Div.
Evaluation of the Ames Solid Waste Recovery
System. Part III: Environmental Emissions of the
Stoker Fired Steam Generators. Interim rept. 5 Feb
76-4 Feb 77,
Ames, Iowa.
J. L. Hall, A. W. Joensen, D. Van Meter, R. Wehage,
and G. Severns. Oct 79,152p EPA-600/7-79-222
Grant EPA-R-803903010
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Engineering Research Inst., Ames Lab., I A., Midwest
Research Inst., Kansas City, MO. Sponsored in part by
Contract W-7405-eng-82, Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. See also Part 1, PB-274 552 and Part
2, PB80-132590.
The Ames Solid Waste Recovery System is a continu-
ously operating system that is processing municipal
solid waste for use as a supplemental fuel In the exist-
ing steam generators of the Ames Municipal Power
Plant. The purpose of this report Is to present results of
the Investigations of the environmental effects of using
solid waste as a supplemental fuel. This report pre-
sents the results and conclusions of the first-year envi-
ronmental emissions Investigation on the two stoker-
fired steam generator units when using coal and refuse
derived fuel. Following sections of this report present a
statement of the objectives, a summary of results, a
description of the boilers, a description of the experi-
mental design and the sampling methods used, and a
presentation of the results. The results of the environ-
mental Investigations were analyzed statistically. This
statistical study is presented in the Appendix.
Keywords: 'Boilers, Electric power plants, Coal, Parti-
cles, Trace elements, Solid waste disposal, Refuse
disposal, Environmental impacts, Air pollution,
Tables(Data), 'Refuse-fueled boilers, ParHculates,
Refuse derived fuels, Municipal wastes, Ames(lowa),
Air quality data.
PB80-132685 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Institutional Bases for Control of Nonpolnt
Source Pollution Under the Clean Water Act-Wtth
Emphasis on Agricultural Nonpolnt Sources. Final
rept.,
Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service,
Washington, DC. Natural Resource Economics Div.
Beatrice H. Holmes. Nov 79,172p'
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Planning Div.
This publication explains (in an historical framework)
how Section 208 and other planning provisions of the
Clean Water Act and EPA's Water Quality Manage-
ment program assist States, regional agencies and
local governments to control nonpolnt source pollu-
tion. It also explains the role of USDA's Rural Clean
Water Program and other USDA conservation, re-
search and extension programs in assisting conserva-
tion districts, farmers and other rural people to control
nonpoint source pollution. A general analysis Is made
of State and local government regulatory powers and
the powers of conservation districts to both regulate
nonpoint source discharges and encourage their .con-
trol without regulation. Examples of district regulations
are discussed as are State nonpoint source control
laws that exempt agricultural sources.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Regional
planning, Law(Jurlsprudence), Statutes, Rural areas.
State government, Local government, Erosion, Runoff,
Agriculture, Strip mining, 'Nonpolnt sources.
PB80-132673 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Management of Small-to-Medlum Sized Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plants. Technical rept.
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA.
Jul79,194p* EPA/430/9-79-013
Contract EPA-68-01-4917
This manual is for the managers of small to medium-
sized municipal wastewater treatment plants. Although
much of the Information would be useful to any plant
manager, it Is primarily aimed at those Individuals man-
aging plants in the range of 3 to 10 mgd.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Management, Manu-
als, Planning, Constraints, Budgeting, Financing, Main-
tenance, Personnel development, Safety, Public rela-
tions, Manpower, Contracts, Requirements, 'Sewage
treatment plants, Energy conservation.
PB80-132715 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mobil Udar System Developments and Operating
Procedures. Final rept. Sep 78-May 79,
General Electric Co., Philadelphia, PA. Space Div.
George W. Bethke. Nov 79,49p EPA-600/2-79-197
Contract EPA-68-02-2979
A smoke plume opacity-measuring mobile Udar system
was refurbished, modified, and tested on semi-trans-
parent screen targets. The resultant lidar system auto-
matically analyzes, presents, and records smoke
plume data, resulting In a much faster data rate and
easier analysis than was formerly possible with the
earlier versions of this lidar system. Complete operat-
ing procedures for the improved system are presented.
Keywords: 'Optical radar, Opacity, Plumes, Air pollu-
tion, Remote sensing, Mobile equipment, Manuals,
*Alr pollution monitors, Remote sensors.
PB80-132830 PC A03/MF A01
Spatial Variability of Ozone and Other Pollutants
•t St Louis, Missouri.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thomas R. Karl. Oct 79,42p EPA-600/4-79-063
A network of 25 aerometric stations was part of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS) In the greater St. Louis area. At
these stations ozone (O3) and various other photo-
chemical pollutants (NO, NO2, and total hydrocarbons
(THC3)) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) were ana-
lyzed with respect to their spatial variability. Data were
analyzed for the warm months of the year, April thru
October of 1975 and 1978-periods during which high
O3 concentrations are common. The results of these
analyses Indicate that when O3 concentrations are
high (above 100 ppb) the dally 1-h maximum O3 con-
centration Is highly dependent upon the location of
measurement. Measurements made at these times In
both urban and rural locations In and around St Louis
were frequently found to vary by a factor of two and oc-
December 1983 809
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
casionally by a factor as large as four. Simultaneous
hourly average measurements for each of the pollut-
ants were correlated across the network of 25 sta-
tions. Rather poor correlations were found for the pri-
mary pollutants such as CO, NO, NO2, and THC. Anal-
yses of normalized fields of pollutant concentrations
suggest that Ihe scavenging of O3 by NO dominates
the 03-NOx reaction cycle before 1000 CDT.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxides, Hydrocarbons, Metropolitan
areas, Spatial distribution,
Concentration(Composition), Missouri, "Saint
Louls(Missouri).
PB80-132889 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chlorine Minimization/Optimization for Conden-
•or Blofoullng Control. Phase* I and II. Rept. for
May76-Sep77,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga.
R. D. MOM, H. B. Flora, II, R. A. Hlltunen, S. H.
Magllente, and N. D. Moore. Aug 79,129p EPA-600/7-
The report summarizes results of a chlorine minimiza-
tion/optimization study for the control of biofouling on
the surface of condenser tubes at TVA's John Sevier
Plant from December 1975 to September 1977. The
required chlorine feed rate was found to be a function
of Inlet water temperature and chlorine demand. Sta-
tistical analysis of the data did not indicate a significant
Impact of water quality parameters (pH, total suspend-
ed solids, ammonia, total organic carbon, nitrates plus
nitrites, organic nitrogen, alkalinity, and conductivity)
on the required feed rate. It was determined that inlet
water temperature may be used as an indicator for
raising or lowering the chlorine feed rate. Natural water
and system chlorine consumption was found to vary di-
rectly with the chlorine feed rate and the inlet water
temperature.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Water pollution control,
•Cooling water, Holston River, Electric power plants,
Feedwater, Chlorine, Biodeterioration, Condenser
tubes, Fouling organisms, Temperature, Statistical
analysis, Performance evaluation,
Condensers(Liquefiers), Tables(Data), Tennessee,
Feed rate.
PB80-132954 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Screening Study on Feasibility or Standards of
Performance for Secondary Aluminum Manufac-
turing. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT.
Edward T, Brookman. Sep 78,156p EPA-450/3-79-
037A
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
This report contains background information on the
secondary aluminum manufacturing industry- The geo-
graphical distribution, production, processes, emission
sources and rates, state and local air pollution regula-
tions, control techniques and sampling procedures are
discussed. This background information has been
used in an emission projection model (Model IV) to de-
termine the emission reductions that could be
achieved by the application of new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS) that require the installation of
best available control technology for the period 1977
to 1987.
Keywords: 'Aluminum industry, *Air pollution control,
Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Regulations, Sources, State government, Stand-
ards, Feasibility, New source performance standards,
Best technology.
PB80-133036 CP T06
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion
Model. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
George Schewe, and Erik Sieurin. Jan 80, mag tape*
EPA/DF-80/003
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB80-133044,
andPBSO-133051.
The model updates various EPA dispersion model al-
gorithms and combines them in two computer pro-
grams that can be used to assess the air quality impact
of emissions from the wide variety of source types as-
sociated with an industrial source complex. The ISC
Model short-term program ISCST, an updated version
of the EPA Single Source (CRSTER) Model uses se-
quential hourly meteorological data to calculate values
of average concentration or total dry deposition for
time periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Addi-
tionally, ISCST may be used to calculate 'N' is 366
days. The ISC Model long-term computer program
ISCLT, a sector-averaged model that updates and
combines basic features of the EPA Air Quality Display
Model (AQDM) and the EPA Climatologlcal Dispersion
Model (COM), uses STAR Summaries to calculate sea-
sonal and/or annual average concentration or total
deposition values. Both the ISCST and ISCLT pro-
grams make the same basic dispersion-model as-
sumptions. Additionally, both the TSCST and ISCLT
programs use either a polar or a Cartesian receptor
grid ..Software Description: The programs are written
m the FORTRAN IV programming language for imple-
mentation on a UNI VAC 1110 computer and also on
medium-to-large IBM or CDC systems. 65,000k words
of core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, *Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Fortran, Magnetic tapes, 'Atmospher-
ic dispersion, *ISC model, ISCST computer program,
ISCLT computer program, Univac-1110 computers,
IBM computers, CDC computers, Fortran 4 program-
ming language.
PB80-133044 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User's Guide. Volume I. Final rept.,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, J. R. Bjorklund, and C. S. Cheney. Dec
79,367p' EPA/DF-80/003A,, EPA-450/4-79-030
Contract EPA-68-02-3323
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-133036. See
also PB80-133051.
Volume I describes the Industrial Source Complex Dis-
persion Model and its use. The model updates various
EPA dispersion model algorithms and combines them
in two computer programs that can be used to assess
the air quality impact of emissions from the wide varie-
ty of source types associated with an industrial source
complex. The ISC Model short-term program ISCST,
an updated version of the CRSTER, uses sequential
hourly meteorological data to calculate values of aver-
age concentration or total dry deposition for time peri-
ods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Additionally,
ISCST may be used to calculate 'N' is 366 days. The
ISC Model long-term computer program ISCLT, a
sector-averaged model that updates and combines
basic features of the Air Quality Display Model AQDM
and the Climatological Dispersion Model COM, uses
STAR summaries to calculate seasonal and/or annual
average concentration or total deposition values. The
ISC Model programs are written in Fortran IV for the
Univac 1110 computer. The two programs may also be
used on medium-to-large IBM or CDC computer sys-
tems with little or no modification.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric diffusion, Computer programming, Fortran,
'Atmospheric dispersion, ISC model, Univac-1110
computers, Fortran 4 programming language, ISCST
computer program, ISCLT computer program, IBM
computers, CDC computers, User manuals(Computer
programs).
PB80-133051 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User's Quid*. Volume II: Appendices A through I.
Final rapt.,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, J. R. Bjorklund, and C. S. Cheney. Dec
79,470p* EPA/DF-80/003B,, EPA-450/4-79-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3323
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-133036. See
also PB80-133044.
Volume II contains the computer source code for
short term and longterm Industrial Source ^°™:ro.
Dispersion models. The source code for the M««W ,
logical Preprocessor program is also inc'uae°\^ and
pie input and output test results for each l™"j"fljc(i
preprocessor are listed. Input coding forms tor »
model are included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Atmospheric diffusion,
puter programs, Fortran, * Atmospheric dlspersic..^
model, Fortran 4 programming language, Ip1-^' >< JQ
puter program, ISCLT computer program, Univac" . „
computers, IBM computers, CDC computers, u»
manuals(Computer programs).
PB80-133119 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC.
Computer Program for Reducing Mass i
Data from QC/MS Systems. Final rep. Sep
79 f*
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Pa*. N
David Rosenthal. Oct 79, 171p EPA-600/2-79-1»«
Contract EPA-68-02-2745
Existing computer programs for deconvolvingi rn.
spectrometry data derived from gas chromatogrBM i
mass spectrometry/computer systems were evai
ed, and the most efficient method was introduce^»
an EPA UNIVAC Computer. The program chosenn»»(
that reported by Rindfleisch and his co-wofKer»
Stanford University. The accompanying p'"«rarn .
ing is included. The Rindfleisch program was ""£7
with both standard runs and environmental sarni"
Sample components were successfully identified oy_
independent computer search program with an ov
racy approaching 80%.
Keywords: 'Mass spectra, Mass spectroscopy, G
chromatography, Data processing, Computer \>
gramming, Performance evaluation, Computer v
grams, Fortran, 'CLEANUP computer proO'^L^
convolution, Univac computers, Pollution monitonnv-
PB80-133168 PC A99/MF AjOj
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas
zatlon Held at Las Vegas, Nevada, March
Volume I, Me
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, w-
Franklin A. Ayer. Jul 79, 638p' EPA-600/7-79-167*
Contract EPA-68-02-261 2
See also Volume 2, PB80-1 331 76.
The publication, in two volumes, contains the teol
papers presented at EPA's fifth flue gas desulf
(FGD) symposium, March 5-8, 1979, at Las
Nevada. A partial listing of titles includes the
Overview of control technology-the bridge
energy utilization and environmental goals; new in ,
fects of SO2 and sulf ates; Energy, environmental, »_
economic impacts of flue gas desulfurization un2
ternative new source performance standards;
of development, energy and economic
ternative technologies; Economics and energy telK^
ments of sulfur oxides control processes; Corn™".
coal cleaning and FGD; The interagency flue fl*^;!.|.
sulfurization evaluation study; Status of flue gas «•>
furization in the United States; Recent results "u
EPA's lime/limestone scrubbing programs; TVA,?rrfl.
pliance programs for SO2 emission; SO2 and NU* '
moval technology in Japan; EPRI's FGD Pro9raTiu.
from problem identification to development of so
tions.
*Plufl
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, r-i
gases, Combustion products. Economic imp ac •
Standards, Substitutes, Technology, Industrial *asi
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
zai.1 Symposium on Flue Gas D«sulfurl-
Volurne I? at La* Ve988' Newada- March 1979'
Fr ^an9|e 'nst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
lume1,PB80-133168.
Paw?™ n'icatiort'in two volumes, contains the text of all
(FGrn £resented ^ EPA's fifth flue gas desulfurization
Nevada?A^UW' March 5'8' 19"9' at Las Vegas,
the folln^/ P nlal Ilstln9 of PaPers 'n Volume 2 includes
gas ri« «9;.Basin E'ectric's involvement with dry flue
comD»r=f zation; utility conventional combustion
Dennn .r? envir°nmental assessment-coal and oil;
FGD«i 2 commercial operation of lime/limestone
desTii?. ,T9?, stab'lization systems; Power plant flue gas
ooais- ct?a,tlon U8ir|9 alkaline fly ash from western
faton//fi2w ?nni!.!;ta' effects of ^GD dlsposal-a labo-
duii .il r landfp|1 demonstration; Summary of utility
CLtnn syotems; The FGD reagent dilemma-lime,
boiler c??n0r thl08orbic lime; The status of Industrial
the art 7 applications In the United States; Status of
dustria/» to develop standards of performance for In-
»on"aL°ssil-fuel-fired boilers; Flue gas desulfuriza-
" applications to industrial boilers.
Bas«0rcf: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, *Flue
Jai,*' twctric power plants, Assessments, Industrial
Ply «h cSm5ustion products, Air pollution, Earth fill,
?«?' .Slud96s, Calcium oxides, Water pollution,
SBU i disP°8,al. Sulfur dioxide, Design, Perform-
"•valuation, Lime, Physical properties, Scrubbers,
, Boilers, Particles, Cost analysis, Fertiliz-
^.--JCts, Energy use, Wellman process, Citrate
1S. Dual alkali scrubbing, Dry methods.
fe133lJ4 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Of Protocols for Pesticides and PCB's
astewater. Final rept. Jun-Oct 78,
••~"|.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
• - and Philip L. Levins. Nov 79,'
analu« * V as een tested overall objective of this research program is to
g"|non8trate methodologies for predicting, on the
jfT?? of characteristics of the site to be mined, the
t of strip mining on downstream btotic communi-
ties. To accomplish this objective and provide data for
model verification, sampling programs were initated at
contour- and area-type mining operations. These pro-
gams include streamflow and rainfall gaging at both
types of mines and surveys of fisheries, periphyton,
and macrobenthos surveys at area-mined sites. Sever-
al model components have been developed, including
a water quality model for non-point sources, a continu-
ous streamflow model, and a storm hydrograph model.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, "Ecology, 'Fresh water biol-
ogy, 'Water pollution, New River Watershed, Environ-
mental impacts, Strip mining, Monitoring, Benthos,
Fishes, Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Ni-
trogen, Metals, pH, Silicon dioxide, Mathematical
models, Hydrology, Tennessee, Nonpoint sources,
'Mine acid drainage.
PBBO-133226 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
'In Vitro' Microbiological Mutagenlclty and Un-
scheduled DMA Synthesis Studlas of Eighteen
Pesticides. Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Vincent f, Simmon. Oct 79,177p EPA-600/1 -79-041
Contract EPA-68-01-2458
Eighteen pesticides being reviewed as a part of the
EPA Substitute Chemical Program were tested for mu-
tagenlc activity by the following in vitro procedures: (1)
Reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains
TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 and in
Escherlchla coll WP2 uvrA. (2) Induction of mitotic re-
combination In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D3. (3) Relative toxicrty assays in DNA repair-proficient
and -deficient strains of E. coli (strains W3110 and
p3478, respectively) and of Bacillus subtilis (strains
H17 and M45 respectively). (4) Unscheduled DNA syn-
thesis (UDS) in human fibroblasts (WI-38 cells). Nine
of the 18 pesticides were mutagenic in one or more of
the assays. One compound, demeton, was mutagenic
in all of them. Trichlorofon was mutagenic in all the
assays except those for relative toxicity. Acephat was
mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium in TA100,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3, and UDS assays. Di-
camba, 2,4-0 acid, 2,4-DB acid, and propanil were
positive only in the assay for relative toxicity. Disulfo-
ton was positive only in the UDS assay, and then only
in the absence of the metabolic activation system. Cro-
toxyphos was positive only in the S. cerevisiae D3
assay.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Pesticides, *Mu-
tagens, Bacteria, In vitro analysis, Escherichia coli,
Microbiology, Synthesis, Risk, Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Enterobacteriaceae, Bioassay, Mutagenesis, Sac-
charomyces cerevisiae.
PB80-133564 PC A02/MF A01
EPA and the Academic Community - Partners In
Research.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 79,19p EPA-600/8-79-032
The report describes EPA's anticipatory research pro-
gram for establishing institutional research centers.
The center concept is intended to obtain the assist-
ance of the best available researchers to establish a
focal point of continuing research in specific areas fun-
damental to environmental sciences. The focus of the
center programs will be long-term (3-5 years) explora-
tory research which provides the link between basic
and applied research. The brochure describes the 3
existing centers: Human Effects of Pollution at the Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh; Advanced Pollution Control Tech-
nology at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana;
Qroundwater Research through a consortium of Rice
University, Oklahoma State university and University
of Oklahoma headquartered at the University of Okla-
homa. The brochure describes the next centers and
explains how to apply to become one of these centers.
The new centers will focus on research in the following
areas: Intermedia Transport Research, Ecosystems
Research, and Ultimate Waste Elimination.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Universities, En-
vironments, Research projects, National government,
Pollution, Waste disposal, Grants, Education, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research and develop-
ment centers, Curricula.
PB80-133804 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Review.
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for
New Source Pulp and Paper Mills. Final rept.,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Gene V. Beeland, D. Keith Whitenight, and Kenneth G.
Barnhill. Sep 79,126p* 613C, EPA-130/6-79-002
Contract EPA-68-01-4157
The report provides guidance for evaluating the envi-
ronmental impacts of a proposed pulp and paper mill
requiring a new source National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit from the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) to discharge
wastewater to the navigable waters of the U.S. Tne
guidelines are intended to assist in the identification of
potential impacts, and the information requirements
for evaluating such impacts, in an Environmental Infor-
mation Document (EID). The report Includes guidance
on (1) Identification of potential wastewater effluents,
air emissions, and solid wastes from pulp and paper
mills, (2) assessment of the Impacts of new facilities on
the quality of the environment, (3) state-of-the-art
technology for in-process and end-of-process control
of waste streams, (4) evaluation of alternatives, and
(5) environmental regulations that apply to the indus-
try.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Pulp mills, 'Paper industry, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Industrial wastes,
Water pollution control, Air pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Sulfate pulping, Sulfite pulping, Proc-
ess control, Flow charting, Regulations, Licenses,
Sulfur dioxide, Metals, Sludge disposal, Odors, Bleach-
ing, Toxieity.
PB80-133838 PC A04/MF A01
SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Aerometrlc
Data) Information. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jacob G. Summers. Feb 79,71p EPA-450/4-79-005
This booklet describes the SAROAD system for an in-
dividual who is unfamiliar with SAROAD. The informa-
tion booklet includes: (1) an overview of the data con-
tained in SAROAD, (2) an explanation of available air
quality publications, (3) a description of procedures for
requesting data, and (4) a description and example of
the most important computerized reports.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Data retrieval, Information
systems, Manuals, 'SAROAD system, Databases.
PB80-134059 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity. Final rept. 1972-77,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, IN.
James B. Morrison. Nov 77,112p EPA-905/9-77-007-
D
Grant EPA-G-005103
See also PB-278 187. Report on 'Black Creek Sedi-
ment Control Project'.
The report is an addition to the Final Technical Report
of the Black Creek sediment control project. This
project is to determine the environmental impact of
land use on water quality. The project, which is direct-
ed by the Allen County Soil and Water Conservation
District, is an attempt to determine the role that agricul-
tural pollutants play in the degradation of water quality
in the Maumee River Basin and ultimately in Lake Erie.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Sediments, 'Black Creek,
Indiana, Land use, Agriculture, Runoff, Aquatic biology,
Invertebrates, Fishes, Stream flow, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Sampling, Drainage, Algae, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Maumee River Basin,
Lake Erie, 'Water quality data.
PB80-134067 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT Guide-
lines In the Non-Attainment Areas for Ozone In
South Carolina. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
December 1983 811
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mar 79,294p EPA/904/9-79-032
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing
RACT standards in five non-attainment counties for
ozone in South Carolina, The study is to be used pri-
marily to assist EPA and South Carolina decisions on
achieving the emission limitations of the RACT stand-
ards. The economic impact was assessed for the fol-
lowing 6 RACT industrial categories: surface coatings
(paper and fabrics); solvent metal cleaning; bulk gaso-
line terminals; bulk gasoline plants; storage of petrole-
um liquids in fixed roof tanks; gasoline dispensing sta-
tions-Stage I; and use of cutback asphalt. The scope
of this project was to determine the costs and direct
impact of control to achieve RACT guideline limitations
for these 8 Industry categories in South Carolina.
Direct economic costs and benefits from the imple-
mentation of RACT limitations were identified and
quantified while secondary impacts (social, energy,
employment, etc.) are addressed, they were not a
major emphasis in the study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Economic impact, 'Stand-
ards, 'Ozone, South Carolina, Assessments, Metal
coatings, Solvents, Gasoline marketing, Papers, Fab-
rics, Coatings, Automobiles, Decreasing, Separators,
Asphalt, State government, Service stations.
PB80-134075 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sequential Nltrlflcatlon-Denltrlflcatlon In a Plug
Flow Activated Sludge System. Final rept. Oct 74-
Jul 76,
District of Columbia Dept. of Environmental Sen/ices,
Washington. EPA-DC Pilot Plant.
James A. Heidman. Nov 79,118p EPA/600/2-79-157
Contract EPA-68-03-0349
The use of the carbon sources present in municipal
wastewater to provide the energy required for nitrifica-
tion-denitrification was evaluated on a pilot plant scale
in a simulated plug flow reactor. Most of this report is
devoted to the results from operation of a nine-pass
activated sludge system receiving primary effluent.
The first two passes and the last pass were aerated
whereas the remaining passes were mechanically
mixed. Nitrification occurred in the aerated passes and
denitrification in the others. By maintaining a sufficient-
ly low process loading, nearly all of the incoming am-
monia was oxidized in the first two passes with most of
the nitrate subsequently denitrified in the next six
passes. Residual NH4(+)-N levels of 0.1 mg/l and
(N02(-) + NO3(-))-N levels of 1.0 mg/l were obtained
with both steady state and diurnal flow. FeCI3 addition
during a portion of the study increased the P removal
to approximately 90% with no discernable impact on
the nitrificatipn-denitrification performance. Nitrifica-
tion and denitrification kinetic rates measured during
laboratory studies were found to correlate well with
actual process rates. These rates were obtained under
varying conditions of temperature, available COO,
length of initial aeration period, etc.
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Activated sludge process,
'Sewage treatment, Carbon, Pilot plants, Mixing, Aer-
ation, Oxidation, Filtration, Ammonia, Sludge, Settling,
Iron chlorides, Reaction kinetics, Phosphorus, Micro-
organism control(Sewage), Chlorine, Performance
evaluation, 'Denitrification.
PB80-134349 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Kepone (Trade Name) Effects on Development of
'CsJIinectes sapidus' and 'Rhithropanopeus harrl-
•II'. Final scientific rept.,
Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine Lab.
Carolyn G. Bookhout, John D. Costlow, Jr., and Robert
Monroe. Sep 79,47p EPA-600/3-76-104
Grant EPA-R-803838
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ., Raleigh.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the effect of Kepone on the development of Callin-
ectes sapidus from the time of hatching until the 1st
crab stage was reached. For comparison, similar in-
vestigations were made to ascertain the effects of
Kepone on larval development of Rhithropanopeus
harrisil. Of the concentrations tested, 35,50,65 and 80
ppb Kepone were found to be sublethal and 95, 110
and 125 ppb Kepone were acutely toxic to R. harrisii
larvae; whereas 0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 were sublethal and
1.0 ppb Kepone were acutely toxic to C. sapidus
larvae.
Keywords: 'Shellfish, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution, Chlorine organic compounds, Larvae, Crabs,
Crustacea, Concentration(Composition), Bioassay,
Survival, Mortality, Tests, 'Kepone, Callinectes sapi-
dus, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, 'Water pollution
effects( Animals),
PB80-134406 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Level III: Receiving Water Quality Modeling for
Urban Stormwater Management. Final rept. May
77-Nov 78,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Miguel A. Medina, Jr. Aug 79,219p EPA-600/2-79-100
Grant EPA-R-802411
A simplified continuous receiving water quality model
has been developed as a planning guide to permit pre-
liminary screening of areawide wastewater treatment
strategies. The model simulates the hypothetical re-
sponse of the stream or tidal river system to the sepa-
rate and combined effects of waste inputs from: (1) up-
stream sources, (2) dry weather urban sources, and (3)
wet weather urban sources. The total hours of runoff-
producing rainfall throughout a year are separated into
storm events by defining a minimum interevent time.
For a given storm event, the runoff and pollutant loads
are summed and critical dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions are estimated as a function of several hydrody-
namic and biochemical parameters. Model output in-
cludes the downstream dissolved oxygen sag curves
computed per each event, and the dissolved oxygen
profile computed at a user-specified location down-
stream for all simulated events. An application to the
Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, is presented.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas, Mathemati-
cal models, Storms, Droughts, Overflows, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Stream flow, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Sewage treatment, Fortran, Computer pro-
grams, Field tests, Iowa, 'Urban hydrology, Storm
water runoff.
PB80-134729 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium Proceedings: Environmental Aspects
of Fuel Conversion Technology, IV (April 1979,
Hollywood, FL). Final rept. Sep 78-Sep 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Ayer, and N. Stuart Jones. Sep 79,572p*
EPA-600/7-79-217
Contract EPA-68-02-3132
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-282 429.
The proceedings document presentations made at the
symposium on Environmental Aspects of Fuel Conver-
sion Technology. The symposium acted as a collo-
quium for discussion of environmentally related infor-
mation on coal gasification and liquefaction. The pro-
gram included sessions on program approach, envi-
ronmental assessment, and control technology devel-
opment. Process developers, process users, research
scientists, and state and federal government officials
participated in this symposium, the fourth to be con-
ducted by IERL-RTP on the subject since 1974.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
'Meetings, Environmental impacts, Water pollution, Air
pollution, 'Coal liquefaction, Pollution control, Synthet-
ic fuels, Solid wastes.
PB80-134752 PC A02/MF A01
Minority Consulting Professional Firms.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Office
of Civil Rights and Unban Affairs.
1977,22p EPA-905/9-77-009, CRUA-77-2
The directory lists minority architectural and engineer-
ing firms which can aid municipalities, applicants and
grantees in implementing a meaningful Equal Employ-
ment Opportunity policy.
Keywords: 'Consulting services, 'Directories, 'Minori-
ty groups, Architects, Engineers, Consultants.
PB80-134950 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. .
Long-Range Transport and Transformation o>
S02 and Sulfate. Final rept. May 77-Apr 79,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Atmospher-
ic Science.
Teizi Henmi, and Elmar R. Reiter. Nov 79, 185p* EPA-
600/4-79-068
Grant EPA-R-805271
Technical descriptions and computer programs are
presented for two models that calculate long-range
transport, diffusion, transformation of SO2 to sunaw,
and dry and precipitation deposition of initially ernitteo
S02. One model treats the mixing layer height as con-
stant; the other (at the expense of computer urnei
varies the mixing layer height diurnally and tracks pol-
lutants in three layers-the daytime mixing layer, we
nocturnal ground-based stable layer, and the dayflrrw
mixed layer that remains above the nocturnal staoie
layer. Application of the multi-layer model over a
region encompassing the Ohio River Basin producao
patterns of S02 and sulfate concentrations that are
statistically correlated with observed concentrations.
An empirical formula for the transformation rate o]
SO2 to sulfate is derived. Using a cumulus cloua
model, results showed that sulfate aerosol capture W
cloud water through microphysical processes is sum-
cient to produce observed levels of sulfate in rain
water.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, 'Transport
theory, 'Mathematical models, Air pollution, Chemic*
reactions, Precipitation(Meteorology), Aerosols, WJ"
imulati
, ,
mulus clouds, Computerized simulation, Ohio
Basin, Computer programs, Fortran, Atmosphenc a»r
persion, TRAJET computer program, Univac-1lo°
computers.
PB80-135163 Not available NJIS
Application of High-Temperature Hyperffltrsw"
to Unit Textile Processes for Direct Recycle, .
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research '"'
angle Park, NC.
C. A. Brandon, and Max Samfield. 1977, 16p EPA-
600/J-78-154
Prepared in cooperation with Clemson Univ., SC.
of Mechanical Engineering.
Pub. in Desalination v24 p97-1 1 2, 1 978.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of high-t
perature hyperfiltration for recycle of both water
chemicals in five operating textile manufacturing P»*
esses: an atmospheric dye beck, a pressure beck, •"
open-width preparation range, a dye range, and a rop"
preparation range. Reuse of the (hot) permeate na»
been demonstrated in every instance. Thus, up to ȣ
10 to the 13th power Btu/yr may be conserved in jnj
U.S. textile industry by direct recycle of the noj
wastewater. Control of toxic emissions by membrane"
was evaluated by examining data existing in the liter"
ture: a very limited amount of textile wastewater c»3
indicates feasibility of control of organic compounds o
moleculare weights = or > 90. The potential eoono"ig
ic payout is good, with recovery of specific ohemK»™
and energy being paramount. A conceptual toyw1'"'
closed-cycle operation of a continuous range indicaw'
that some chemicals in the waste and a majority o' vt"
energy can be conserved by recycling.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Textile indus
Filtration, High temperature tests, Recirculatlon, Inoj""
trial waste recycling, Membranes, Process chamnjj;
Design, Performance evaluation, Reprints, 'Hyp8""
tration, 'Waste water reuse.
PB80-135213 PC A09/MF A0<
Reports of the Subcommittees on: National N«*°*
and Problems, Data Collection, Storage, and D"**
tributlon, Monitoring, Research and Developm*""
Working papers 2-5. .....
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrate"'
Rockville, MD.
Aug 79, 1 84p NOAA-8001 1 001 ,..
See also Paper 6, PB-297 467. Prepared in coop*:"
Won with Federal Coordinating Council for Science, w
gineering and Technology, Washington, DC.
The subcommittee reports are presented in this docjj"
ment as Working Papers 2-5 for the Federal Pl8^,
Ocean Pollution Research, Development and Mw*]l.
ing, Fiscal Years 1979-83. The titles are as folio*"'
812 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rrst report of the subcommittee on national needs and
tu;. ms; Report of the subcommittee on data collec-
«on, storage, and distribution; Report of the subcom-
'nmee on monitoring; Report of the subcommittee on
research and development.
pS?*ords: 'Ocean environments, "Water pollution,
slo K Pining, Monitoring, Data processing, Re-
Saw mana9ement, Thermal pollution, Electric power
Marine transportation, Information systems,
PB80-135221 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
h?ES Best Management Practices Guidance
uocutnent. Final rept. Jan 78-Oot 79,
7 y5ro*cienca, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
^•-p'ea'V. O D. Ivins, G. J. Kehrberger, C. P. Ryan,
Contr Stuewe' Dec 79' 179P* EPA-600/9-79-045
his document has been developed based on a review
•current practices used by industry to prevent re-
wata i toxic and hazardous substances to receiving
WBro [orn non-point sources. Including in the review
on ? publ'shed articles and reports, technical bulletins
thmTh c compounds, and discussions with industry
ite ,9 • tel«prione contacts, routine questionaires, and
visits. The information available on current Best
Practices was evaluated and grouped
_ BMPs were related to pollutant sources and
•ai and chemical properties of the compounds. A
ha!?8',!09*ion scheme was developed for the toxicant
anrtl0"8 substances, based on important physical
apz.,chemical properties revelent to identification of
8nScable BMP alternatives. The method of identifying
™^s based on chemical and source is presented.
Jg**ords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
S"«n»m, 'Reviews, Industries, Law(Jurisprudence),
aoB °m,mandations, Sources, Materials handling, Stor-
Sf; Waste disposal, Leakage, Drainage, Visual in-
ente o' Prevention, Containment, Foams, Adsorb-
, Oxidation, Industrial waste treat-
ona, Evaluation, Tablea(Data), 'Best
ernent practices, Nonpoint sources, Alternative
«ng.
PC A04/MF A01
of Transmlssometer* to Opacity
POHU f5m*nt of Emissions, OII-Flred Power and
En* d c«"»nt Plant*. Final rept. Apr 76-Oct 77,
arm 12mental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
*9r«atio n-NC' Emi88ions Measurement and Charac-
1 D. Conner, Kenneth T. Knapp, and John S.
Sep 79,59p EPA-600/2-79-188
HAlle" and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
— i* EPA-440/2-79-031
a of the study is to analyze the economic
Wa»r» which could result from the application of pro-
of tha lnt stewards established under section 307(b)
18 i-ederal Water Pollution Control Act, as amend-
ed. The document discusses the effect of compliance
in terms of product price increases, effects upon em-
ployment and the continued viability of affected plants.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Regulations, 'Electro-
plating, Legislation, Prices, Employment, Economic
development, Industrial plants, Economic assistance,
Manufacturers, Metal finishing, Water treatment,
'Water pollution abatement, Industrial shutdowns,
Point sources.
PB80-13S270 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Quality Assurance In Support of Energy Related
Monitoring Activities. Annual rept. no. 2,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Air Monitor-
ing Center.
Mark Cher. Jun 79,69p AMC8303.135AR-2, EPA-600/
7-79-136
Contract EPA-68-02-2412
See also report dated Sep 78, PB-291 789.
This report describes and summarizes the activities
during the second year of a 5-year program. The pur-
pose of the program is to establish a quality assurance
data base for ambient air monitoring in specified geo-
graphical areas around present ana proposed energy
development projects, and to provide technical assist-
ance to enable existing monitoring networks to
achieve a high level of data quality. An initial on-site
review of 18 laboratories and associated field sites
was completed during the first year. Additional labora-
tories and field sites were evaluated during the second
year. Regularly scheduled laboratory performance sur-
veys are being carried out for the analysis of sulfate, ni-
trate, S02, N02, and CO and for weight measure-
ments and high volume flow rate. Quarterly field audits
are being conducted at specified monitoring sites.
Keywords: Air pollution, Quality assurance, Sulfates,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Carbon monoxide, In-
organic nitrates, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), 'Air pollution sampling, Nitrates.
PB80-135288 PC A14/MF A01
Cahaba River Wastewater Facilities Jefferson,
Shelby and St. Clalr Counties, Alabama. Appendi-
ces. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, QA. Region
Jun 76,315p EPA-904/9-78-009
The DRAFT Environmental Impact Statement was pre-
pared in response to the proposed action of awarding
grant funds to Jefferson County Commission, Alabama
for the purpose of developing wastewater treatment
facilities to service the upper portion of the Cahaba
River Basin. The project consists of modifications to
four existing treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Soil properties, Vegetation,
Pine trees, Water pollution, Tables(Data), Aquatic ani-
mals, Fishes, Geologic structure, Storm sewers, Land
use, Mineral deposits, Air pollution, Monitoring, Aer-
ation, Cost estimates, Cahaha River, Alabama,
'Sewage treatment plants, Jefferson
County(Alabama), Shelby County(Alabama), Saint
Clair county(Alabama).
PB80-135346 PC AOS/MF A01
The EPA Meteorological Wind Tunnel, Ite Design,
Construction, and Operating Characteristic*. Fluid
modeling rept. no. 6, Jun 75-Dec 78,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
WIfliam H. Snyder. Sep 79,81 p EPA-600/4-79-051
The design philosophy, construction details, and oper-
ating characteristics of the EPA Meteorological Wind
Tunnel are described. Measurements in the empty
tunnel show that the mean velocity Is uniform to within
plus or minus 2% at any given cross section, at speeds
as low as 1.5 m/s. The turbulence Intensity in the
empty tunnel is typically 0.5%. A 2-meter-deep bound-
ary layer was obtained using elliptic wedge vortex gen-
erators and roughness on the floor. Measurements are
presented showing that this boundary layer simulates,
in both turbulence structure and dispersive character-
istics, a neutral atmosphere boundary layer over rural
terrain.
Keywords: 'Wind tunnels, Air pollution, Air flow,
Boundary layer How, Atmospheric dispersion.
PB80-135353 * PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Samplers and Sampling Procedures for Hazard-
ous Waste Streams. Final rept.,
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
Emil R. deVera, Bart P. Simmons, Robert D. Stephens,
and David L. Storm. Jan 80,80p* EPA/600/2-80/018
Grant EPA-R-804692010
The goal of this project was to develop simple but ef-
fective sampling equipment and procedures for col-
lecting, handling, storing, and recording samples of
hazardous wastes. The report describes a variety of
sampling devices designed to meet the needs of those
who regulate and manage hazardous wastes. Particu-
lar emphasis is given to the development of a compos-
ite liquid waste sampler, the Coiiwasa. This simple
device is designed for use on liquid and semi-liquid
wastes in a variety of containers, tanks, and ponds.
Devices for sampling solids and soils are also de-
scribed. In addition to the sampling devices, the report
describes procedures for development of a sampling
plan, sample handling, safety precautions, proper rec-
ordkeeping and chain of custody, and sample contain-
ment, preservation, and transport. Also discussed are
certain limitations and potential sources of error that
exist in the sampling equipment and the procedures.
The statistics of sampling are covered briefly, and ad-
ditional references in this area are given.
Keywords: 'Sampling, 'Samplers, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Design, Performance evaluation, Storage, Sam-
ples, Laboratory equipment, 'Liquid wastes, 'Solid
wastes, Procedures.
PB80-135361 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Economic Effects of Environmental Expendi-
ture* on the Construction Industry. Final rept.,
Public Research Inst., Alexandria, VA.
James Jondrow, David Chase, Christopher Gamble,
Louis Jacobson, and Robert Levy. Sep 79,141p*
CRC-339, EPA/230-3-79/008, EPA/230/3-79/008
Contract EPA-68-01 -4353
Between 1978 and 1985, municipal governments and
private industry will spend about $111 billion dollars on
construction of new facilities to reduce air and water
pollution as mandated by the EPA. The report presents
estimates of how these projected expenditures will
affect the total level of construction and how employ-
ment, wages, interest rates, and other variables will re-
spond to the change in construction output, Effects on
employment in selected sub-classes of the construc-
tion industry were also estimated. The response of the
construction industry to increased spending for pollu-
tion control was estimated by use of an econometric
model of the industry. The model, developed for the
study, was simulated to predict the effects of projected
spending through 1985.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Construction industry,
'Expenses, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, Employment, Salaries, Interest, Unem-
ployment, Data sources, Construction costs, Con-
tracts, Demand(Economics), Financing, Economic
models, Regulations, Forecasting, Econometrics,
Sewers, Pollution laws, Wages.
PB80-135379 PC A08/MF A01
Water Filtration for Asbestos Fiber Removal. Sum-
mary rept. Mar 74-Jun 79,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gary S. Logsdon. Dec 79,163p EPA-600/2-79-206
This report presents a comprehensive review of data
on removal of asbestos fibers by granular media filtra-
tion and diatomaceous earth filtration. It summarizes
data obtained in pilot plant studies at Duluth and Seat-
tle, in research program carried out at Duluth's Lake-
wood filtration plant, and monitoring at Silver Bay and
Two Harbors, Minnesota plants, Chicago, Philadel-
phia, and in the San Francisco Bay area. Chrysolite
and amphibole fiber concentrations in drinking water
can be substantially reduced by granular media filtra-
tion. Reductions of up to 99.99 percent were reported
during storm conditions at Duluth, Minnesota. Effective
December 1983 813
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
granular media filtration required careful control of pH,
coagulant doses, and filtered water turbidity. Research
to date indicates that coating the diatomaceous earth
filter aid with aluminum hydroxide substantially in-
creases the removal of both amphibole and chrysotile
fibers. Duluth results indicate that filtered water turbidi-
ty should be 0.10 ntu for most effective fiber removal.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Asbestos, Field tests,
Potable water, Filtration, Turbidity,
Concentration(Composition), Serpentine, Amphiboles,
Lake Superior, Illinois, Pennsylvania,
Washington(State), Design, Performance evaluation,
•Granular bed filters, 'Diatomaceous earth filters,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Chicago(lllinois),
Seattle(Washington).
PB80-137185 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA,
Environmental and Economic Impact of Agricul-
tural Land Use Conversion: An Evaluation Meth-
odology. Final rept. Jul 76-Aug 78,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
Fred C. White, James E. Hairston, Wesley N. Musser,
H. F. Perkins, and J. F. Reed. Jan 80,130p* EPA-600/
5-80-002
Grant EPA-R-804510-01
The development and application of a methodology for
evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of
placing marginal, submarginal, and Soil Bank land in
crop production is described. Environmental impacts
were measured by quantifying the increased environ-
mental loadings of sediment, nitrogen, and phospho-
rus and by estimating the potential environmental
impact of pesticides. Economic consequences consid-
ered included changes in net farm income and aggre-
gate impact on the state's economy. Although no at-
tempt was made to place a dollar value on environ-
mental consequences, these impacts can be weighed
against the economic impacts in a tradeoff fashion as
a measure of social costs and benefits resulting from
increased production on new cropland. The developed
methodology was applied to the state of Georgia and
for the penod 1973-1976. The pollutants generated
annually from each hectare of converted crop produc-
tion land during the period were estimated to be 11.9
metric tons of sediment, 8.1 kilograms of nitrogen loss
(excluding leaching), and 10.5 kilograms of phospho-
rus loss. Net farm income increased an estimated $61
per hectare annually.
Keywords: 'Agricultural economics, Farms, Environ-
mental Impacts, Water pollution, Runoff, Sediments,
Fertilizers, Economic impact, Production, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Income, Land use, Cost analysis, Social
effect, Georgia, Marginal land, Tradeoffs.
PB80-137219 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Rotating Disc Biological Treatment of Acid Mine
Drainage. Final rept. May 77-Oct 78,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Harvey Olem, and Richard F. Unz. Jan 80,132p EPA-
600/7-80-006
Grant EPA-R-805132
Pilot scale (0.5-m diameter) and prototype (2.0-m di-
ameter) rotating biological contactors (RBC) were in-
in six heterogeneous mine waters located at three coal
mining sites in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Contin-
uous biological oxidation of Fe(ll) and Fe(lll) was ac-
complished at natural mine water temperatures as low
as 0.4C at Hawk Run, PA. and as high as 29C at
Crown, WV. Reduction of Fe(ll) oxidation efficiency at
0.4C amounted to 10 to 20 percent of that achieved at
100. Oxidation efficiency was above 80 percent at
mine water temperatures of 10 to 29C. Microbiological
oxidation with the 0.5-m RBC was unaffected at influ-
ent mine water pH values in the range of 2.18 to 5.50
(Crown, WV.). Fe(ll) oxidation was an average 10 per-
cent less efficient for a mine water treated under simi-
lar operating conditions with the 2.0-m than with the
0.5-m RBC. The observed decrease may be due to
nonmicrobiological factors such as increased short-cir-
cuiting, lower residence time, and a smaller effective
surface area which may be increased through proper
design. Costs for Fe(ll) oxidation with the RBC were
estimated to be about twice the amortized capital
costs and one-half the operating costs compared to a
conventional chemical oxidation process. Neutraliza-
tion of RBC effluent and separation of precipitated iron
solids is required to produce water of suitable quality
for stream-release. Both iron-oxidizing and heterotro-
phic bacteria existed in a gelatinous matrix present on
disc surfaces of RBC units operating at Hollywood, PA.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Coal mines, Cost comparison,
Iron, Oxidation, Treatment, Water pollution control,
'Acid mine drainage.
PB80-137227 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cross-Country Urban and Rural Measurements of
NOx and S02. Final rept.,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., San Francisco,
CA.
Lee Langan, Michael A. Peache, Jean Jacques
Garbarz, Ralph E. Baumgardner, and Robert K.
Stevens. Jan 80, 75p EPA-600/2-80-023
Contract EPA-68-02-2484
Total sulfur and oxides of nitrogen measurements,
gathered along two long-distance routes across the
United States, are presented. Supportive information
describing the instrumentation, procedures, moving
laboratory, and regional meteorological conditions are
provided. Over 300,000 measurements were made.
Points consisting of ten-measurement averages have
been plotted; they are also presented in a graphic
analysis. This analysis consists of frequency distribu-
tion plots of segments of the trip, for example, through
rural areas and crossing urban developments. These
plots provide a means of classification of the degree of
pollution present and monitored with this moving labo-
ratory technique. The data were gathered from
Denver, Colorado, to Raleigh, North Carolina, in
August 1976, and from Los Angeles, California, to Ra-
leigh, North Carolina, in November 1976. In November
the laboratory stopped at six rural locations to record
time-averaged data, which are also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, Concentration(Composition), Metropolitan
areas, Urban areas, Rural areas, United States, Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB80-137490 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comprehensive Progress Report for Fourier
Transform NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) of
Metals of Environmental Significance,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Chemistry.
Paul D. Ellis, and Jerome D. Odom. Sep 79,93p EPA-
600/1-79-035
Grant EPA-R-804359
Interactions of the metals cadmium and selenium with
various biologically important substrates were studied
by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Cadmium-113 NMR was used for a critical examination
of three metalloproteins: concanavalin A, bovine su-
peroxide dismutase and carboxypeptidase A. The
NMR parameters of selenium-77 were investigated,
with a view to using this nucleus as a probe of active
site sulfydryl groups in proteins. Several advances in
NMR instrumentation were developed to further the
aims of this project. One is a unique NMR probe, capa-
ble of spinning large (18 mm) NMR tubes, decoupling
at any frequency, and observing any NMR-active
nuclei. A decoupler modification, 'Chirp' decoupling,
was developed. This modification allows good experi-
mental results with approximately 1/10 the power re-
quired without modification.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, "Selenium,
'Cadmium, 'Environmental surveys, 'Biochemistry,
Amino acids, Proteins, Molecular relaxation, Toxicol-
ogy, Public health, Probes, Pollution, 'Fourier trans-
form spectroscopy, Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic
resonance), Heavy metals, Concanavalin A, Superox-
ide dismutase, Peptidase/carboxy, Cadmium 113, Se-
lenium 77.
PB80-137508 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study. Carbon Dioxide Ef-
fecls on RAMS (Regional Air Monitoring System)
Sulfur Monitors. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
D. H. Hern. Oct 79,42p EPA-600/4-79-065
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
Effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the air on
the response of flame photometric sulfur gas analyz-
ers of two types, the Tracer model 270 HA sulfur chro-
matograph and the Meloy model SA 185 total sulfur
analyzer, were studied. These analyzers were used in
the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS). For eacn
instrument, measurements were made to determin*
response to a matrix of five CO2 levels and three sultur
dioxide (SO2) levels. Measurements were also rnaoo
of C02 concentrations in the influent to and effluem
from heatless air dryers providing zero air for calibra-
tion at the RAMS stations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur, 'Monitors, Carbon
dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Flame photorn8"
try, Quality assurance, Sampling, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detection, in-
terference, Regional Air Pollution Study.
PB80-137607 PC A04/MF AOl
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. _
Technique for In situ Calibration of Particular
Mass Monitors. Final rept., A
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley. Air ana
Industrial Hygiene Lab. Section.
Walter John, Susanne Hering, and Jerome J.
Wesolowski. Oct 79, 56p EPA-600/2-79-191
Grant EPA^R-805577010
Two types of aerosol generators, the Riker Laborato-
ries metered spray can and the Mistogen EN145 ultra-
sonic nebulizer, were evaluated by laboratory meas-
urements for application to the in situ calibration0!
paniculate mass monitors for stationary sources. Trie
metered spray can delivers a fixed amount of aerosoj
each time the valve is depressed. The average mass
of propellent and solution in each squirt is 52 mg, <*"•
is reproducible within 4%. The volume median diarne-
ter was varied from 1 .4 to 3.2 micrometers by se.lecaon
of solute concentration. Because of its simplicity ana
reproducibility of output, the metered spray may °?
useful for a variety of applications requiring a portaDw
aerosol source. For calibrating stack beta gaufl68'
larger aerosol output of 5-10 mg is needed, requiring •
valve with a metering volume at least ten times larflf'
than present valves. Contact electrification monitor*
require a test aerosol of 25 mg/cu m at a flow of 1 c"
nebulizer, which has an output of 50 mg/min, constant
to within 8% over a period of hours.
Keywords: 'Aerosol generators, Calibrating, Perfonfl"
ance evaluation, Aerosols, Weight(Mass), 'Air po"u'
tion sampling, Air pollution monitors.
PB80-137623 PC A10/MF AO*
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Air anu
Hazardous Materials Div. ...
Emissions Update and Projections for Indiana Air
Quality Maintenance Areas. Volume III. Lake «"°
Porter Counties. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C. P. Bartosh, B. P. Cerepaka, W. J. Moltz, and M. R.
Piana. Mar 77, 21 5p RAD-77-100-044-13-10, EPA/
905/2-77/002B
Contract EPA-68-02-1 383
See also Volume 4, PB80-1 37631.
The implementation of the strategy for reduction
pollutant emissions has resulted in reduced ,
concentrations of TSP and S02. Current levels of •"
quality in Lake and Porter Counties, however, ind'
that progress has not been sufficient to attain
"
NAAQS. At present, it is not known whether the pr*"
lem lies in lack of strict enforcement of the SIP »
whether the SIP is in itself insufficient. In order to ma*"
this determination, the State of Indiana initiated •
review of the current SIP. Radian Corporation wasre:
tained to perform an update of the area source po^L
of the review. The update was designed to deterrnin"
the area source emissions at a level of accuracy con
sistent with the higher level of detail described in tn»
Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning any
Analysis. To determine if problems will be encounters"
in maintaining air quality standards in the future, are»
and point source emissions were projected for >n
years 1980 and 1985.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Aerosols, Sulfur dloxld*
Concentration(Composition), Indiana, Tables(DaW)'
814 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Air quality data. "Lake County(lndiana), 'Porter
^•ounty(indiana), Air quality maintenance planning
areas, Air qualit maintenance.
PB80-137631 PC A12/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
{"niMlons Update and Projections for Indiana Air
{•witty Maintenance Areas. Volume IV. Vander-
ourgn County, Indiana and Henderson and Da-
»ww Counties, Kentucky. Final rept.,
"adian Corp., Austin, TX.
"• <•• Bartosh, 8. P. Cerepaka, W. J. Moltz, M. R. Piana,
iS n?' L L'PSCOmb. Mar 77, 275p RAD-77-100-044-
13-01 1, EPA/905/2-77/002C
Contract EPA-68-02-1 383
°ee also Volume 3, PB80-1 37623.
Dolt, imP|ernentation of the strategy for reduction of
wiiutant emissions has resulted in reduced ambient
Qufliihm,rations ot TSP and S02- Current levels of air
jjuaniy in the study area, however, indicate that
jTOess has not been sufficient to attain the NAAQS.
"'Present, it is not known whether the problem lies in
« of strict enforcement of the SIP or whether the SIP
Son '£."" '"sufficient. In order to make this determina-
rent Sn ate. of lr|diana initiated a review of the cur-
an iiiSl ^adian Corporation was retained to perform
UDdaf te of tne area source portion of the review. The
srnls • Was designed to determine the area source
hinh ,ns a* a 'evel °* accuracy consistent with the
I of detail described in the Guidelines for Air
mjJS'7 Maintenance Planning and Analysis. To deter-
auaNi! Prob|ems will be encountered in maintaining air
enSo™ standards in the future, area and point source
»nd18985S WerS pr°iected for the years 1975' 1980'
ConU0rds: *Air pollution. Aerosols, Sulfur dioxide,
Tri|~8"tration(Composition), Indiana, Kentucky,
,
r1. *Air quality data, *Vanderburgh
vl«»2*(lndiana>. 'Henderson County(Kentucky), 'Da-
nlnrT« urrty(Kentucky), Air quality maintenance plan-
"9 areas, Air quality maintenance.
PCA03/MFA01
ins Environmental Research Lab., OR.
01 Acld Precipitation on Soli Leachate
? : Computer Calculations. Final rept. May-Oct
Un'V" Riverside- Dept of Soil and Environ-
1 and Mark E' Frlnk' Jan
ult
emnt?ult!purPose computer program GEOCHEM was
tWenk,yS? to calculate the equilibrium speciation in
'
c,ki e examples of acid precipitation from New
fnlre, New York, and Maine, and in the same
~* mixtures of acid precipitation with minerals
stic of soils in the three states mentioned.
comrii °° and 2°° soluble inorganic and organic
<*lcutar were taken int.° account in each speciation
Prerwl •• Tne calculations performed on the acid
flohi on samples showed that the metals (includ-
Haanriavy metals) and the sulfate, chloride, and nitrate
formg 1!?ulti be alm°st entirely in their free ionic
oroani ,. tne phosphate, carbonate, ammonia, and
Thlsri Sands would be in ^e'f protonated forms.
of thL u!*was independent of the geographic location
Wh rh .acid Precipitation and the month of the year in
thec" ^was poHected. The speciation calculations on
rninlmrcipltatiorvsoil mineral mixtures showed that alu-
proTi"! and iron levels in a soil solution affected by acid
WhosE. i'on would be significantly higher than in one
also ,hcnemistry is dominated by carbonic acid. It was
Prater ,n tnat so11 cation exchangers would adsorb
aref;, 8ntla|ly heavy metals, such as Cd and Pb, which
e round in acid precipitation.
'Precipltatlon(Meteorology),
Mathematical models, Thermodynam-
letals, Aluminum, Iron, Cation exchang-
Soil fertility, pH, Cadmium,
PB80-137870 PC A06/MF A01
Directory of Federal Coordlnatlve Groups for
Toxic Substance*. Toxics Integration Information
series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Lawrence J. Murphy, and Kathryn A. Slike. Aug 79,
122p* EPA-560/13-79-004
This directory was compiled to provide a ready refer-
ence for Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) and the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) employees
about Federal toxic chemical coordinating groups; it
should also facilitate further communication between
agencies and the groups themselves. Included are
committees, task forces, and other groups that per-
form coordinative functions in conjunction with Federal
toxics control and testing agencies. There are Federal,
State, non-profit and private sector members on these
groups.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Directories, Personnel, Orga-
nizations, National government, State government,
Research projects, Listings.
PB80-137912 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Solvent Cleaner* - Background Informa-
tion for Proposed Standard*. Finairept.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Oct 79,282p EPA-450/2-78-045A
Contract EPA-68-02-3057
Standards of performance are proposed under author-
ity of section 111 of the Clean Air Act to limit the emis-
sions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and trich-
loroethylene, perchloroethylene, methylene chloride,
1,1,1 -trichloroethane, and trichlorotrifluproethane from
new, modified, and reconstructed facilities in which
solvents are used to clean (degrease) metal, plastic, fi-
berglass, or any other type of material. The proposed
standards would require new, modified, and recon-
structed solvent cleaning facilities to use the best
system of continuous emission reduction, considering
costs, nonalr quality health and environmental im-
pacts, and energy impacts.
Keywords'. 'Environmental Impact statements-draft,
•Degreasing, 'Organic compounds, 'Standards, 'Sol-
vents, Cleaners, Economic impact, Environmental im-
pacts, Sources, Revisions, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Substitutes, 'Air pollution abatement, Stationary
sources, Solid wastes.
PB80-137961 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Research to Identify Component* of Energy-Re-
lated Waste*: A State-of-the-Art Report. Final rept.
Nov 76-Nov 78,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
J. E. Gebhart, and Mary M. McKown. Dec 79,526p
EPA-800/7-79-255
Contract EPA-68-03-2487
See also report dated Jan 78, PB-280 203.
Pertinent abstracts from a survey of current (post-
1976) research projects are categorized according to
energy-related activity. Subjects include coal strip
mines, oil refineries, oil shale operations, coal-fired
power plants, geothermal energy production, coal liq-
uefaction plants, and potential quality control stand-
ards. Research projects and reports conducted before
1976 are compiled In Identification of Components of
Energy-Related Wastes and Effluents (EPA-600/7-78-
004) (PB-280 203). Abstracts of available technical re-
ports are also presented using the same energy cate-
gories. These reports were obtained from a variety of
sources. Computer searches of several data bases, in-
cluding MEDLINE, TOXLINE, BIOSIS, CAIN, NTIS,
DIALOG, and Chemical Abstracts, have been conduct-
ed. Federal energy research centers supplied a large
number of pertinent documents. This state-of-the-art
summary Is provided as an aid to researchers con-
cerned with the environmental effects of energy-relat-
ed activities.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Energy, 'Indus-
trial wastes, 'Bibliographies, Coal mining, Strip mining,
Refineries, Oil shale, Coal liquefaction, Geothermal
energy, Standards, Abstracts, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Coal fired power plants, State of the art, Solid
wastes.
PB80-13803S PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Source Characterization Study In Miami,
Florida. Microscopical Analysis. Final rept. Jun 75-
Aug_77,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Ronald G. Draftz. Sep 79, 70p EPA-600/3-79-097
Grant EPA-R-803078
In June 1975 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency conducted an experimental program in the
Miami metropolitan area to collect atmospheric aero-
sols for the purpose of identifying aerosol composition
and determing aerosol sources. Samples were collect-
ed for mass, trace metals, and microscopical analyses.
Microscopical analyses showed that the composition
of Miami's TSP (total suspended paniculate) was simi-
lar to that of Chicago, St. Louis, and Philadelphia, with
the exception that Miami receives a significant impact
from ocean spray. Mineral fragments resuspended by
traffic appear to be the primary aerosol mass contribu-
tor. Rubber tire fragments and carbonaceous vehicle
exhaust are also major TSP contributors. These con-
clusions are based solely on three sampling days at
three sites and should be confirmed by additional stud-
ies. However, the aerosol types and amounts found in
Miami are likely to remain fairly constant throughout
the year.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Aerosols, Chemical analy-
sis, Microscopy, Exhaust emissions, Weight(Mass),
Florida, Miami(Florida).
PB80-138191 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of an Automatic H2S04 Monitor.
Final rept. Sep 77-Oct 78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
B. A. Knight, E. F. Brooks, and R. F. Maddalone. Jul 79,
78pEPA-600/7-79-153
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report describes the development, construction,
and testing of a prototype automatic H2SO4 vapor and
aerosol monitor. The device was based on the con-
trolled condensation (Goksoyr/Ross) approach to
H2S04 measurement. In this approach, H2S04 Is con-
densed out of a filtered gas stream (at 250 C) using a
water-jacketed coil maintained at a temperature (62C)
below the dewpoint of H2S04. The H2S04 collected
in the coil is recovered automatically and its electrical
conductivity is correlated with H2SO4 concentrations.
The monitor is capable of continuous unattended op-
eration for a 24-hour period in streams of moderate (5
g/cu m) particulate loadings. Readings of solution con-
ductivity are recorded continuously, and new samples
of the gas stream for analysis are obtained every 10
minutes. H2SO4 concentration can be determined
from the instrument and associated calibration curves
within 5 minutes of sample acquisition. The prototype
can detect H2S04 concentrations in the range of 0.5
to 500 ppm, at temperatures up to 300C, with 3000
ppm S02, 8-16% H2O, and up to 9 g/cu m of particu-
late matter In the gas stream.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Aerosols, 'Monitors,
Design, Air pollution sampling, Goksoyr-Ross method.
PB80-138209 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Chlorinated Hydrocarbon*
Manufacture,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Z. S. Khan, andT. W. Hughes. Aug 79,191p* EPA-
600/2-79-019G
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report dated Jan 78, PB-280 024.
This report describes a study of air pollutants released
during the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The potential environmental effect of the source was
evaluated using source severity, S, defined as the ratio
of the maximum ground level concentration of an
emission to the ambient air quality standard for criteria
pollutants or to a modified TLV (threshold Limit Value)
for noncriterla pollutants. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
are manufactured in the U.S. by one of four processes.
A representative plant was defined for each manufac-
turing process type, and the environmental effects
December 1983 815
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were determined on the basis of capacity instead of
production. Pollution control technology within the
chlorinated hydrocarbon industry consists primarily of
control of hydrocarbons emitted from the main proc-
ess vent, product fractionating vent, storage tanks, fu-
gitive sources, and waste disposal. Assuming that the
same level of control will exist in 1980 as existed in
1975, air emissions from the industry are expected to
increase by 20% over that period.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Chemical
industry, 'Air pollution, Sources, Assessments, Manu-
facturing, Air pollution control, Technology, Chloroeth-
anes, Phosgene, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform,
Chlorornethanes, Process charting, Design, Solid
waste disposal, Trends, Forecasting, Epichlorohydrin,
Propylene oxide, Air quality, Emission factors, Fugitive
emissions, Threshold limit values, Ethylene/chloro, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Plants),
Ethylene/dichlpro, Benzene/chlpro, Benzene/dich-
loro, Ethane/trichloro, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB80-138241 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Documentation of the Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) and Related Investigations in the St.
Louis Air Quality Control Region. Final rept,
Rockwell International. Creve Coeur, MO. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Joseph A. Strothmann, and Francis A. Schiermeier.
Dec 79, 717p EPA-600/4-79-076
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
During the period of 1974 to 1977, the Regional Air
pollution Study (RAPS) was conducted in the St. Louis,
Missouri/Illinois Metropolitan Area. Because of the
availability of extensive monitoring data, additional in-
dependent research studies were conducted in the St.
Louis area during this time frame. This report is an at-
tempt to document nearly all the RAPS and related in-
vestigations conducted in the St. Louis Air Quality Con-
trol Region during the period of 1973 to 1978. Descrip-
tions of locally-operated air quality and meteorological
networks are also included. Such a report will serve as
a summary of data available to the EPA modelers In
pursuit of the RAPS objectives and will be used by
RAPS researchers to locate supplementary data
sources to augment their own measurements.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Aerosols,
Oxidizers, Metropolitan areas, Illinois, Missouri, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), Photochemical oxidants.
PB80-138266 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Dissolved Oxygen Impact from Urban Storm
Runoff. Final rept. 18 Nov 77-1 May 79,
Sutron Corp., Arlington, VA.
Thomas N. Keefer, Robert K. Simons, and Raul S.
McQuivey. Nov 79,252p EPA-600/2-79-156
Contract EPA-68-03-2630
The primary objective of the research reported here is
to determine if on a national basis a correlation exists
between strength of dissolved oxygen (DO) deficits
and the presence of rainfall and/or storm runoff down-
stream of urban areas. A secondary objective is to esti-
mate the magnitude and extent of the problem. One
hundred and four water quality monitoring sites in and
downstream of urban areas throughout the country
were considered for inclusion in the study. These were
screened from over 1000 monitors maintained by fed-
eral and state agencies. Daily data were obtained and
processed for 83 of the 104 candidate sites. Of the 83
monitors considered, 42 percent or roughly four moni-
tors in ten of the 104 candidates demonstrated a 60
percent or greater probability of a higher than average
DO deficit occurring at times of higher-than-average
stream flow or on days with rainfall. In general, the
data examined here indicate that 19 percent of the 104
candidate monitors might not meet a 5.0-mg/l stand-
ard and 15 percent might not meet a 2.0-mg/l stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Surface water runoff, 'Water
pollution, 'Urban areas, Dissolved gases, Losses,
Rainfall, Mathematical models, Correlation tech-
niques, Monitoring, Stream flow, Sites, Tables(Data),
Standards, 'Storm water runoff, Water pollution stand-
ards.
PB80-138365 PC A03/MF A01
Federal Guidelines - Operation and Maintenance
of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials.
Aug 74,32p
These guidelines pertain only to the Operation and
Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment facilities and
includes titles on Staffing and Training, Safety, Emer-
gency Operating Plan, Maintenance Management, and
Budget.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, Manuals, Op-
erations, Maintenance, Safety, Education, Inspection,
Financing, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB80-138464 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Use of pH and Chloride Electrodes for the
Automatic Control of Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon
Systems. Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 79,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
Clinton Ling, Toby Acciani, and Ray Maddalone. Nov
79,80p EPA-600/2-79-202
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report gives results of a study to determine the ap-
plicability of chloride and pH electrodes in automated
control systems. It included a survey of chloride and
pH electrodes in different flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems and an evaluation of an industrial pH
electrode system. The survey showed that chloride ion
measurements were necessary only where high chlo-
ride values correspond with FGD unit corrosion and
when chloride values were used as correction factors
in pH calculations. Chloride ion measurements are un-
necessary for most of the surveyed companies. All sur-
veyed companies use pH measurements to control
scaling or to attain optimum performance in FGD units.
The most common pH electrode problem was residue
buildup (scaling) around the electrode, caused by the
use of non-self-cleaning (standard) pH electrodes. The
performance of self-cleaning and standard industrial
pH electrodes was evaluated;
Keywords: 'Electrodes, *pH, 'Chlorides, 'Corrosion
prevention, 'Flue gases, Automatic control, Monitor-
Ing, Air pollution control equipment,
Concemration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Surveys, 'Flue gases desulfurization.
PB80-138571 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Workshop on Atmospheric Dispersion Models In
Complex Terrain. Final rept. Mar-Oct 79,
North American Weather Consultants, Goleta, CA.
Einar L. Hovind, Max W. Edelstein, and Victoria C.
Sutherland. Nov 79,213p* EPA-600/9-79-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3223
During the period of July 16-20, 1979, an EPA-spon-
sored Workshop was conducted in Raleigh. North
Carolina, to address problems associated with plume
dispersion modeling in complex terrain. This Workshop
was intended to aid in the design of a proposed EPA-
funded research program dealing with this topic. Work-
shop participants represented a cross-section of envi-
ronmental organizations, control agencies, industry
and the scientific community with technical back-
ground and expertise in complex terrain modeling and
field studies. The Workshop was organized into five
panels: Model Development and Analysis; Model Eval-
uation and Application; Experimental Design; Meas-
urement Techniques; Data Management and Quality
Assurance. This report contains the unabridged rec-
ommendations by each panel as summarized by the
Panel Leaders. Also included are presentations by in-
vited speakers who presented summaries of related
complex terrain dispersion programs currently being
sponsored by industry and by government agencies
other than the EPA.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Meetings, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes, Perform-
ance evaluation, Terrain, Topography, 'Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB80-138597 PC A06/MF A0<
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Standards Development and Support Branch. .,
Determination of the Effects of Ambient Conor
tlons on CFM56 Aircraft Engine Emissions. Final
General Electric Co., Cincinnati, OH. Aircraft Engine
Group. „,„
T. F. [yon, W. J. Dodds, and D. W. Bahr. Dec 79, 125P
R79AEG632, EPA-460/3-79/011
Contract EPA-68-03-2388
It has been known that variations in ambient tempera-
ture, pressure, and humidity can have significant «•
fects on measured emissions levels. Although trw
need to account for variation in ambient conditions »
generally recognized, and several studies have ai-
tempted to establish more or less universal correctio"
factors, there is no widely accepted procedure for irw
correction of emissions measurements to re'eren-n;i
day ambient conditions. A current program by the tr«
is to establish a wide data base from which procedures
for correction of measured emissions levels to retBi-
ence day conditions can be developed. To estaow"
this data base, EPA contracted with three engine man-
ufacturers to make tests under controlled arnbi«"
conditions. To supplement these data, industry anu
other government agencies were requested to suDrroj
data that could be used in establishing an acceptaD'"
correction procedure. The CFM 56 engine was sewer
ed for this study because it is representative of trw
cn
next engine of highly efficient, large turbofans wnicn
will be in production when EPA gaseous emissions
standards first become effective in the early 1 980 s.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, '
fan engines, Aircraft
Concentration(Composition), Temperature,
Humidity, Test chambers, Design, Tables(Data),
56 engines.
PB80-138605 PC A16/MF Ajl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, I**
Municipal Operations Branch. , .1
Inspectors Quids for Evaluation of MunlclP*
Wastewater Treatment Plants. Technical rept,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA. „ „
Daniel J. Hlnrichs. Apr 79, 365p* EPA/430/9-79-01"
Contract EPA-68-01 -4727
This inspectors guide is designed to provide state and
EPA inspectors with the background necessary »j
evaluate the operation and maintenance "
wastewater treatment plants. This guide also Pr
the information necessary to make subjective
ments required for plant evaluation. The guide inclu
check-lists for individual unit processes.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Inspection, Manuals, Operations, Maintenanc"'
Checkout, Safety, Management, Budgeting, O*0"!
tion, Performance evaluation, Activated sludge pfWj
ess, Trickling filters, Sedimentation, Chlorination, rf '
fication, Thickening, OzonizatB".
Digestion(Decomposition), Anaerobic processes, Aw
obic processes, Filtration, Hydraulics, 'Sewage trw
ment plants.
PB80-1 38746 PCA08/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research "'
angle Park, NC. . fl
Assessment of Instrumentation for Monltonnv
Coal Flowrate and Composition. Final rept. Jul '""
Jul 78,
TRW Systems and Energy, Redondo Beach, CA.
E. F. Brooks, and C. W. Clendening. Aug 79, 154p
EPA-600/7-79-196
Contracts EPA-68-02-2165, EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of an assessment of '"jEt
mentation for the measurement of coal f lowrate (eitn5.
as a dry solid or in a coal/water slurry) an
tion. Also investigated was the appropriateness
EPA/IERL-RTP involvement in the development
evaluation of such devices. Findings for flow measu'jT
ment hardware were that dry coal flow can be saw
and accurately measured using weigh belt device";
and that the mass flow of coalin a coal/water sW
stream can be measured using a flowmeter ,
magnetic flowmeters are preferred) and a nuclear &£_
sity gage. The most promising analysis concept unrt) Report. Final rept. Jun 76-Dec 77,
Research, Inc., Altadena, CA.
Jerry A. Anderson, and Donald L.
"i. 59p MRI-78-FR-1586, EPA-600/
Airborne measurements of aerosols and pollutant
gases in urban and power plant plumes were conduct-
ed during July 1 976 in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri.
The measurements, performed as part of Project
MISTT, were designed to characterize the physical
and chemical behavior of these plumes under a variety
of meteorological conditions. The airborne data were
analyzed to gain a better understanding of the factors
affecting the transport, transformation, and removal of
primary and secondary pollutants, particularly those
containing sulfur. The field program and experimental
techniques are described, and the results and conclu-
sions of the analyses of the airborne measurements
and meteorological data are presented.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Plumes, Electric power
plants, Urban areas, Aerosols, Combustion products,
Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Sulfates, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Missouri, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB80-139066 PC A03/MF A01
Blogenlc Hydrocarbon Contribution to the Ambi-
ent Air of Selected Areas - Tulsa; Great Smoky
Mountains; Rio Blanco County, Colorado. Re-
search rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Robert R. Arnts, and Sarah A. Meeks. Jan 80, 43p
EPA-600/3-80-023
Estimates of volatile hydrocarbon emissions to the at-
mosphere indicate that biogenic sources are much
greater on a global basis than anthropogenic sources.
Many assumptions inherent in these estimates, how-
ever, introduce a large degree of uncertainty about
both inventories. A critical review of the literature re-
veals nonmethane hydrocarbons in rural and remote
areas consist mainly of anthropogenic species, and
are composed of less than 10% Eiogenically-related
compounds (i.e., monoterpenes and isoprene). De-
spite these results, some investigators continue to
invoke 'natural hydrocarbon emissions' to explain nat-
urally occurring haze, incorrectly identified gas chro-
matographic peaks, and high concentrations of total
nonmethane hydrocarbons that are measured by in-
discriminate (total hydrocarbon-methane) analyzers. In
response to the suggestion that biogenic emissions
are responsible for the high hydrocarbon concentra-
tions described in several reports, the Environmental
Sciences Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency initiated short-term sam-
pling as a means of validation. A limited number of
whole-air samples were collected in Tedlar bags and
analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization
detection, the areas of study Included: Tulsa, Oklaho-
ma; Rio Blanco County, Colorado; and the Great
Smoky Mountains in Tennessee. Although the tests
were of short duration, the results suggest monoter-
penes and isoprene constitute minor components of
rural air relative to anthropogenic hydrocarbons.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Oklaho-
ma, Colorado, Tennessee, Terpene hydrocarbons,
*Air pollution sampling, 'Biological systems,
Tulsa(Oklahoma), Rio Blanco County(Colorado), Great
Smoky Mountains National Park, Procedures, Iso-
prenes.
PB80-139074 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Urban Plume Study, 1974. Microscopical
Identification of Collected Aerosols. Interim rept.
Jul 74-Oct 77,
(IT Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
Ronald G. Draftz, and Jean Graf. Sep 79,62p EPA-
600/3-79-090
Grant EPA-R-803078
An urban plume study was conducted in Houston
during July 1974 to gam preliminary data on the con-
centration and composition of primary and secondary
aerosols contributing to Houston's air pollution prob-
lem. Selected membrane filter samples containing
urban aerosols were analyzed by polarized light and
scanning electron microscopy to identify the aerosols
and their possible sources. The aerosol samples, col-
lected by aircraft at elevations from 1,000 to 4,000 feet
above sea level, consisted principally (more than 95
percent by number) of mineral silicate fragments. A
trace to minor quantity of carbonaceous particles (re-
sembling diesel exhaust), lead bromide compounds
(from vehicle exhausts), and sea salt were also found
in most samples. No discrete particles of ammonium
sulfate were present.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, Electron micros-
copy, Chemical analysis, Plumes, Silicate minerals, Ex-
haust emissions, Sodium chloride,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size distribution,
Texas, Air pollution sampling, HoustonfTexas), Diesel
engine exhaust, Lead bromides.
PB80-139330 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Assessment of Methods for Control of Fugitive
Emissions from Paved Roads. Final rept. Sep 78-
Sep 79,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
Edward T. Brookman, and Deborah K. Martin. Nov 79,
50pEPA-600/7-79-239
Contract EPA-68-02-3115
This report discusses urban road dust problems that
are felt to require further attention and outlines the pri-
orities with which the data should be obtained. The ap-
proaches to be taken to obtain the desired information
are also defined.
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Dust control, 'Air pollution, Urban
areas, Dusts, Pavements, Removal, Reviews, Review-
ing, 'Fugitive emissions, State of the art.
PB80-139348 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Revised Prioritized List of Source Categories for
NSPS (New Source Performance Standards) Pro-
mulgation. Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental
Systems Div.
M. R. Monarch. Mar 79,30p EPA-450/3-79-023
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 require that
the USEPA consider specific criteria in determining pri-
orities for setting NSPS for major source categories:
quantity of air pollutant emissions, extent to which air
pollutant emissions endanger public health and wel-
fare and the mobility and competitive nature of each
source category- A previous report (EPA-450/3-78-
019) describes a methodology that has been devel-
oped for prioritizing source categories using the Clean
Air Act criteria. The methodology, which employs three
distinct computer programs, was applied to a data set
of over 150 major source categories for nine different
air pollutant emissions (particuTate matter, sulfur diox-
ide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
lead, sulfuric acid mist, hydrogen sulfide, and fluor-
ides). The program output is a prioritized list of source
categories for NSPS promulgation over a ten year
period based on a multipollutant source category emis-
sion analysis, and was used to propose standard-set-
ting priorities. This report incorporates input data revi-
sions resulting from comments on the proposed list
and is used to determine a revised NSPS priority list.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Air pollution, Stand-
ards, Aerosols, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal), Sulfuric acid,
Hydrogen sulfide, Fluorides, Stationary sources.
PB80-139744 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Source Management Branch.
Residual Waste Management. Phase I Report
Final rept. 1 Jan 75-15 Feb 78,
Ventura Regional County Sanitation District, CA.
Feb 80,145pEPA-600/2-80-051
Grant EPA-S-803223-01 -0
The project report presents the economic, social, and
environmental analysis regarding alternative plans for
the handling and disposal of residual organic waste in
Ventura County. Waste quantities from municipal treat-
ment plants, livestock operations, agricultural oper-
ations and meat and fish processes were Inventoried
as part of the study.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Agricultural wastes, 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage
sludge, Industrial waste treatment, Sewage treatment,
Environmental Impacts, Social effect, Coat analysis,
December 1983 817
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Systems analysis, Planning, Reviewing, California,
'Municipal wastes, Ventura County(California).
PB80-139819 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 1.
Summary. Final rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
Robert C. Gumerman, Russell L. Gulp, and Sigurd P.
Hansen. Aug 79, 114p' EPA-600/2-79-162A
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
See also Volume 2, PB80-139827, and PB-285 274.
This report discusses unit processes and combina-
tions of unit processes that are capable of removing
contaminants included in the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Construction and oper-
ation and maintenance cost curves are presented for
99 unit processes that are considered to be especially
applicable to contaminant removal. The report Is divid-
ed Into four volumes. Volume 1 is a summary volume.
For each unit process included in this report, concep-
tual designs were formulated, and construction costs
were then developed using the conceptual designs.
The construction cost curves were checked for accu-
racy. Costs are in October 1978 dollars.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, 'Water treatment, Con-
struction costs, Potable water, Operating costs, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Chlorinatfon, Flocculating, Ion
exchanging, Ozonizatlon, Osmosis, Filtration, Design
criteria, Cost estimates, Maintenance, Efficiency,
Tables(Data), Reverse osmosis.
PB80-139827 PC A23/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 2.
Cost Curves Applicable to 1 to 200 mgd Treat-
ment Plants. Final rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
Robert C. Gumerman, Russell L. Culp, and Sigurd P.
Hansen. Aug 79, 542p* EPA-600/2-79-162B
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
See also Volume 1, PB80-139819, and PB-285 274.
This report discusses unit processes and combina-
tions of unit processes that are capable of removing
contaminants included in the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Construction and oper-
ation and maintenance cost curves are presented for
99 unit processes that are considered to be especially
applicable to contaminant removal. Volume 2 presents
cost curves applicable to large water supply systems
with treatment capacities between 1 and 200 mgd, as
well as information on virus and asbestos removal. For
each unit process included in this report, conceptual
designs were formulated, and construction costs were
then developed using the conceptual designs. Oper-
ation and maintenance requirements were determined
individually for three categories: Energy, maintenance
material, and labor. Costs are in October 1978 dollars.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water treatment, Potable
water, Cost engineering, Water supply, Operating
costs, Construction costs, Maintenance, Viruses, As-
bestos, Design criteria. Cost estimates, Tables(Data),
Qraphs(Charts), Unit processes.
PBBO-139835 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Flow Equalization In Municipal
Wastewater Treatment,
Brown and Caldwell, Seattle, WA.
J. E. Ongerth. May 79,252p EPA-600/2-79-096
This study was conducted to analyze the impact of
flow equalization on the operation and performance of
municipal wastewater treatment plants. Objectives of
the study were: (1) Establish the effects of flow equali-
zation on plant performance; (2) summarize current
experience with design and operation of equalization
facilities; and (3) summarize unit costs of equalization
facilities and appurtenances. A national survey identi-
fied facilities and provided detailed information on
design; operating practices; and construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance costs. Quantitative effects of
equalization on plant performance were analyzed.
Quantitative design methodology is presented for the
sizing and estimation of costs for equalization facilities.
Keywords: 'Flow control, 'Sewage treatment,
'Sewers, 'Catch basins, Activated sludge process,
Trickling filters, Combined sewers, Storms, Design,
Performance evaluation, Capitalized costs, Overflows,
Cost estimates, Operations, Maintenance, Construc-
tion costs, Tables(Data), Surveys, 'Flow equalization,
Sewage treatment plants.
PB80-139918 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Assessment of Vertical Distributions of Photo-
chemical Pollutants and Meteorological Variables
In the Vicinity of Urban Areas. Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
F. L. Ludwig. Aug 79,185p EPA-450/4-79-017
Contract EPA-68-02-2662
A system for classifying vertical profiles of ozone and
other photochemical pollutants has been derived by
analyzing 268 ozone profiles obtained from published
reports and EPA data files. The profiles fall Into six dif-
ferent categories that are related to the relative impor-
tance of the following factors: destruction of ozone
near the surface, vertical mixing, and photochemical
production. The report presents and discusses 108
representative examples of the vertical profiles, most
with corresponding temperature data and many with
aerosol (nephelometer), NOx, or hydrocarbon data.
Linear regression has been used to define the relation
between ozone concentrations in the mixing layer and
those aloft, for the different profile types. The locations
relative to an urban area and the times when each pro-
file type is most apt to occur are discussed in terms of
the statistics of the data set and the physical process-
es involved.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Urban areas, Metropolitan
areas, Oxidizers, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Hydrocarbons,
'Photochemical oxidants.
PB80-139934 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of In-House I/M Testing of a Three-Way
Chevrolet Citation and a Three-Way Dodge
Aspen. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Jan 80,17p EPA-AA-IMS-ST-80-1
This report is an analysis of the effectiveness of I/M
type 'short tests' in identifying grossly emitting vehi-
cles. This report examines the question for two vehi-
cles equipped with the technology to be introduced na-
tionwide in 1981. This technology incorporates a high
degree of engine control through the use of sensors,
actuators and an on-board computer, and allows the
simultaneous conversion of HC, CO and NOx in a
three-way catalyst. In a testing program performed in-
house, a 1980 Chevrolet Citation and a 1979 Dodge
Aspen were selectively disabled to simulate possible
in-use vehicle conditions. A wide range of Jesting was
performed at each condition including FTP testing and
I/M short tests. In this report, the FTP results will be
compared to the results of two I/M tests to examine
their effectiveness in identifying vehicles with gross
FTP emissions. Each vehicle will first be discussed
separately and then an overall comparison will be
given. Full data sets for the two vehicles can be ob-
tained from the reports referenced at the end of the
report.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Inspection, Maintenance, Gas detectors. Ni-
trogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon dioxide, Chevro-
let vehicles, Chevrolet Citation automobiles, Dodge
vehicles, Dodge Aspen automobiles.
PB80-140015 PC A02/MF A01
Results of Inspection/Maintenance Catalyst Tests
on a 1975 Dodge Dart. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Dec 79,20p EPA-AA-TAEB-
80-3
The purpose of the test program was to determine
whether or not a car with an inactive catalyst could be
made to pass I/M short tests through maladjustment
of the engine idle mixture, idle speed, and initial timing.
Exhaust emissions and temperatures were both meas-
ured for each maladjustment. The Federal Three Mode
and Two Speed Idle Test were run for each vehicle
test condition. In addition, the potential of catalyst di-
agnostic tests was investigated. For these tests we
effect of disconnecting the air pump or a spark P'Hfl;-!
exhaust emissions and temperatures was deterrnirwo-
These tests were performed in conjunction with nw
above emission and temperature mapping. This rept»
presents the measured data of a snort pfOS'arn^,
signed to determine the ability of existing I/M scenar-
ios to detect an inactive catalyst.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions,
pollution control, Catalytic converters, Irispec
Maintenance, Mechanical tests, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Dodge Dart automobiles, Motor veni
cles(1 975 models), Dodge vehicles.
PB80-140163 PC A14/MF A01
Ammonium Sultate Manufacture-Background m
formation for Proposed Emission Standards. .
Environmental Protection Agency, Flesearch Tr'anjj«
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard*.
Dec 79, 321 p' EPA-450/3-79-034A
Contract EPA-68-02-3061
Standards of performance for the control of ern'8JjJSI]fl
from ammonium sulfate manufacture plants are DWW
proposed under the authority of Section 111 ° _¥J
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to "•";
modified, or reconstructed facilities at caprolactum w
product, synthetic and coke oven by-product W1'"0"
um sulate manufacturing plants. This document era
tains background Information, environmental and ewj
nomic impact assessments, and the rationale for «?"
standards, as proposed under 40 CFR Part 60, =ulr
part PP.
Keywords: 'Ammonium sulfate, 'Chemical ln*jjJ2|
'Air pollution control, 'Environmental impact sww
ments-dratt, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
bustion products, Standards, Economic imPact8Li
sessments, Byproducts, Design, Performance ,
tion, Environmental impacts, Sources, Regulsno"j
Scrubbing, Air filters, Substitutes, 'Air pollution apaw-
ment, Stationary sources, Wet methods, Fabric tin8""
PB80-140171 PC A12/MF AOl
Catalog of Federal Ocean Pollution Researclvvr
velopment and Monitoring Programs, Fiscal '•"'
1978-80. Working paper no. 1 . «nn
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administraro"
Washington, DC.
Aug 79, 271 p NOAA-8001 1 801 ^
Prepared in cooperation with Office of Science «
Technology Policy, Washington, DC. and Federal <•*£
ordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and i ""
nology, Washington, DC.
The National Ocean Pollution Research
ment and Monitoring Planning Act of 1978 was si9"rr
as Public Law 95-273, in May 1 978, to establish acorn;
prehensive 5-year plan to provide planning for, coo1
nation of, and dissemination of, information *n"J|L
spect to such programs within the Federal Gove i
ment. This document presents a detailed inverrtrLid
Federal ocean pollution research development "|
monitoring programs and is the basis upon wn~nt
descriptions and analyses of Federal activities in >
Plan are made. The plan analyzes the overall P/
from the perspectives of pollutants under 8tudV
cific geographic concerns, sources, or causes of
tion and control and mitigation.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Oceans, "
lution, Inventories, Monitoring, Project planning,
logs. National government.
PB80-140262 PC A16/MFJJSJ
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tn<
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stanf
Guidance for Lowest Achievable Emission I
from 18 Major Stationary Sources of Partlc
Nitrogen Oxldee, Sulfur Dioxide, or Volatile
ganlc Compounds.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 79,358p EPA-450/3-79-024
This document provides guidance to the States tof^f
termining lowest achievable emission rates (LAtw^
18 major stationary sources of particulate,
oxides, sulfur dioxide, or volatile organic comp
The source categories addressed are stationary
turbines, kraft pulp mills, steel and Iron foundriss- r*
818 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dui«Ti.re'lneries (three sources), fabric coating, in-
teSJ™, ooilers, primary aluminum plants, bulk gasoline
stnrT ' flat wood coating, gasoline and crude oil
•nJnPi' Graphic arts, and the coating of automobiles
cLn= 9 trycks> metal furniture and large appliances,
cans, metal coils, and paper.
eywords: 'Air pollution control, Industries, Methodol-
Par« I ar|alysis, Air pollution control equipment,
emm .' Nitr°9en oxides, Sulfur dioxide, State gov-
? ' PulP mills' Foundries, Refineries, Boifers,
M industry. POL storage, Coating processes,
P0'lutlor' abatement, 'Lowest achievable emis-
a s' Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, Sta-
80urces' Guidelines, Volatile organic com-
.. pc A03/MF A01
Rnnt 7utlon °' Phytoplankton in Oregon Lakes.
EX'or21f:eb-11Dec75,
Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
..
?ylor' L R- Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
GD« ^,Morrls- Dec 79' 37P EPA-600/3-79-1 1 9
Vef!«!.v; in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
"flas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
iting the species and abun-
hytoplankton in the 8 lakes sampled by the
OJtrophication Survey in the State of Oregon.
m tne calculation of several water quality in-
nde* e also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
*/or»'i4. mer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
IV9r«rty and abundance indices).
*v3«o 'Phytoplankton, 'Aquatic microbiology,
Di8Wh;upollution' 'Lakes, Monitoring, Abundance,
OraaS!"?"™c- They tend to degrade by photo and biological
oxidation. Like other hydrocarbons, they accumulate in
most seafood, especially in bivalves.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Water
pollution, 'Estuaries, Shellfish, Mollusca, Crustacea,
Carcinogens, Sources, Degradation, Metabolism, Oxi-
dation, Accumulation, Food chains, 'Polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbon.
PB80-140510 PC A18/MF A01
Control Techniques for Carbon Monoxide Emis-
sions. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 79,41 Op' EPA/450/3-79/006
This document characterizes carbon monoxide emis-
sion sources and controls for use by states in revising
State Implementation Plans. It is intended for use by
state and local air pollution control engineers to pro-
vide basic available informaton on carbon monoxide
emissions from mobile sources, stationary combustion
sources, and industrial process sources. Both demon-
strated and feasible control strategies are presented
for each source. Information is also provided on emis-
sion reduction benefits, energy requirements of con-
trols, and annualized and operating costs of controls.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Carbon monoxide,
Combustion products, Exhaust gases, Industrial
wastes, Stationary pollutant sources, Mobile pollutant
sources.
PB80-140528 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Quantification of Municipal Disposal Methods for
Industrially Generated Hazardous Wastes. Final
rept. 1978-79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
H. VanNoordwyk, L, Schalit, W. Wyss, and H. Atkins.
Aug 79, 76p* 79-331, EPA/600/2-79/135
Contract EPA-68-02-2567
Estimations of the amounts of industrial hazardous
wastes being disposed of according to various meth-
ods of disposal were generated for significant portions
of the five following SIC codes: 28, Chemical and
Allied Products; 29, Petroleum Refining and Related
Industries; 30, Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastic Prod-
ucts; 31, Leather and Leather Products; 36, Electrical
and Electronic Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies.
The portions studied account for approximately half of
the industrial hazardous waste disposed of in this
country.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Industrial wastes, Chemical industry, Petroleum in-
dustry, Rubber industry, Leather, Plastics, Electric ma-
chinery, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Data anal-
ysis. Sewage treatment, Pharmaceuticals, Paints,
Coatings, Pesticides, Explosives, Batteries, SIC 28,
SIC 29, SIC 30, SIC 31, SIC 36.
PBBO-140726 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Distribution and Abundance of Submerged Aquat-
ic Vegetation in the Lower Chesapeake Bay, Vir-
ginia. Final rept. 1 Jun 78-15 Aug 79,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
J. Robert Orth, Kenneth Moore, and Hayden Gordon.
Aug 79,216p EPA-600/8-79-029/SAV1
Grant EPA-R-805951-01
The distribution and abundance of Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation (SAV) in the lower Chesapeake Bay is
given in the report. All SAV were mapped from aerial
imagery onto topographic quads (1:24000) with a
zoom transfer scope. The SAV beds were classified
into 4 density categories based on comparison with a
crown density scale. A comparison with earlier surveys
indicates that the distribution of the SAV species found
in the saline portions of the Bay have shifted. SAV
beds in six selected areas of the lower Bay were exam-
ined for historical changes in the distribution and abun-
dance of SAV. Significant declines were noted in the
period of 1971 through 1978. The distribution of SAV
species in Virginia's tidal waters was classified into
three groupings: (1) (Zostera and Huppia) dominates
the saline portions (2) (Potamogeton, Zannichelia)
Ologohaline regions (3) (Ceratophylum, Majas) fresh
water.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Chesapeake Bay, Aerial
surveys, Distribution(Property), Abundance, Classifica-
tions, Aerial photographs, Sea grasses, Periodic vari-
ations, Maps, Salinity, Fresh water, Tables(Data), Zos-
tera marina, Ruppia maritima.
PB80-140767 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes: Homer City Power Complex Testing.
Final rept. Dec 77-Jul 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. E. Rogers, D. A. Tolle, D. P. Brown, R. Clark, and D.
Sharp. Sep 79,273p EPA-600/7-79-073F
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also report for Dec 77-Dec 78, PB-300 673.
The report describes a preliminary, preoperational en-
vironmental survey conducted at a newly constructed
advanced physical coal cleaning plant near Homer
City, PA. The work is part of a comprehensive environ-
mental assessment of physical and chemical coal
cleaning processes performed by Battelle's Columbus
Laboratories for the EPA. Multimedia grab-samples
were gathered in the area to document the abundance
or concentration of selected environmental param-
eters. Collected data were used to evaluate the air,
water, and biological quality of the area both through
interpretive techniques and by direct comparison with
EPA Multimedia Environmental Goal (MEG) values.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Ecology, Sites, Field tests, Fugitive emissions, Homer
City(Pennsylvania).
PB80-140783 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Modeling Wind Distributions Over Complex Ter-
rain,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Mark A. Yocke, and Mei-Kao Liu. Oct 79,122p EPA-
600/4-79-066
Contract-EPA-68-02-2446
See also report dated Mar 77, PB-268 642.
Accurate determination of wind fields is a prerequisite
for successful air quality modeling. Thus, there is an in-
creasing demand for objective techniques for analyz-
ing and predicting wind distribution, particularly over
rugged terrain, where the wind patterns are not only
more complex, but also more difficult to characterize
experimentally. This report describes the development
of a three-dimensional wind model for rugged terrain
based on mass continuity. The model is composed of
several horizontal layers of variable thicknesses. For
each layer, a Poisson equation is written with the wind
convergence as the forcing function. Many types of
wind perturbations over rugged terrain are considered
in this model, including diversion of the flow due to to-
pographical effects, modification of wind profiles due
to boundary layer frictional effects, convergence of the
flow due to urban heat island effects, and mountain
and valley winds due to thermal effects. Wind data col-
lected during a comprehensive field measurement pro-
gram at Phoenix, Arizona, were used to test the model.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric motion, 'Terrain, 'Mathe-
matical models, Topographic features, Wind velocity,
Flow distribution, Mountains, Hills, Mountain ridges,
Arizona, Atmospheric dispersion, Phoenix(Arizona).
PB80-140791 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dynamics of Port Angeles Harbor and Approach-
es, Washington. Research rept,
Evans-Hamilton, Inc., Seattle, WA. Western Region.
Curtis C. Ebbesmeyer, Jeffrey M. Cox, Jonathan M.
Helseth, Laurence R. Hirtchey, and David W.
Thomson. Sep 79,121p EPA-600/7-79-252
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, Environmental
Research Labs.
Historical oceanographic data In Port Angeles Harbor,
located behind a spit on the northern coast of Wash-
ington, have been analyzed with emphasis on the
December 1983 819
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
physical processes that transport and disperse spilled
oil. The data base spans 1932-1979 and includes ob-
servations of tides, currents, winds, runoff, water prop-
erties, oil spills, suspended sediment, and pulp mill ef-
fluent. A hydraulic tidal model was used to provide ad-
ditional continuity in space and time of tidal flows
within the Harbor and several miles of the shore. The
plan view of mean circulation near the surface in the
approaches consists of westward flow at mid-channel
and an eastward countercurrent within several miles of
the U.S. shore. Experiments in the hydraulic tidal
model and a 19-day current record suggest a tidally in-
duced weak mean circulation eastward in the Harbor
near the surf ace.
Keywords: *Oil pollution, 'Hydraulic models, 'Ocean
currents, 'Port Angeles Harbor, Juan de Fuca Strait,
Model tests, Dispersing, Water flow,
Wind(Meteorology), Suspended sediments,
Tables(Data), Coasts, Washington(State), 'Ocean cir-
culation, Oil spills.
PB80-140809 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the FuelXpander. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth, and James Kranig. 1980,33p
EPA-AA-TAEB-80-2
The FuelXpander is a retrofit device, marketed by
FuelXpanders, Ltd. of Glen Falls, N.Y. It is designed to
ore-heat the gasoline before it reaches the carburetor.
The manufacturer claims the device improves fuel
economy, safety and performance. The basic question
asked was whether 'with a FuelXpander installed on
an engine, will the fuel economy, on the average under
different outside temperatures, increase, stay the
same, or decrease.' It was in response to this request,
that the TAEB agreed to test the FuelXpander. The
conclusions drawn from the EPA evaluation tests are
necessarily of limited applicability. A complete evalua-
tion of the effectiveness of an emission control system
in achieving performance improvements on the many
different types of vehicles that are in actual use re-
quires a much larger sample to test vehicles than is
economically feasible in the evaluation test projects
conducted by EPA. For promising systems it is neces-
sary that more extensive test programs be carried out.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Carburetors, Fuel systems, Technology
assessment, Fuel economy, Retrofit devices.
PB80-140882 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Regulatory Water Quality Monitoring Networks.
Statistical and Economic Considerations. Final
rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Jim C. Loftis, and Robert C. Ward. Aug 79,105p EPA-
600/4-79-055
Grant EPA-R-805759010
The purpose of this study is 19 examine and quantify
the statistical trade-offs associated with using various
levels of statistical sophistication in network design
and to formulate a procedure for accounting for eco-
nomic constraints in design process. Sampling fre-
quency is the major aspect of network design consid-
ered in the study; consequently, the results of the
study are directed toward their use by regulatory agen-
cies for the evaluation and upgrading of existing net-
works.
Keywords: Water pollution, Networks, Sampling, Math-
ematical models, Statistical analysis, Cost analysis,
'Water pollution sampling.
PB80-140999 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Power Plant Stack Plumes In Complex Terrain.
Data Analysis and Characterization of Plume Be-
havior. Final rept. 1 Jun 78-17 Aug 79,
Geomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Kenneth E. Pickering, Robert H. Woodward, and
Robert C. Koch. Jan 80,334p EPA-600/7-80-008
Contract EPA-68-02-2260
Aerometric data were collected during 16 months in
the vicinity of the coal-fired Clinch River Power Plant,
located in the complex terrain of southwestern Virgin-
ia. Statistical analyses of SO2, NO, and NO sub x con-
centrations at eight fixed monitoring sites revealed sig-
nificant diurnal and seasonal variations. Cross-section
pollutant and meteorological measurements made
from a helicopter were analyzed to show the dimen-
sions of the plume. Plume heights calculated from
wind and temperature profiles and plume widths calcu-
lated from the standard deviation of wind direction pro-
duced improvements over standard estimates. The in-
fluence of terrain features on the shape and path of
the plume is clearly shown when assessing the heli-
copter data and selected case studies of ground moni-
toring data. Parameters for a Gaussian plume model
were modified in a stepwise manner by using site spe-
cific meteorological data. The data obtained for the
Clinch River site should be useful in further diagnosis
and model testing of plume behavior in complex ter-
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Plumes, "Combustion prod-
ucts, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen
oxide(NO), Steam electric power generation, Mathe-
matical models, Concentration(Composition), Terrain,
Diurnal variations, Seasonal variations, Virginia,
Tables(Data), Coal fired power plants, Gaussian plume
models, Southwest Region(Virginia), Clinch River
power plant.
PB80-141120 PCA17/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities, South
Shore Lake Tahoe Basin. Technical Appendices.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
South Tahoe Public Utilities District, South Lake
Tahoe, CA.
Oct 79,380p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX. Prepared in co-
operation with Douglas County Sewer Improvement
District No. 1, NV. See also PB80-141138.
The draft environmental impact statement investigates
the secondary impacts of expanding and improving the
two wastewater treatment facilities that serve the
south shore of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The statement
describes five alternative growth scenarios which are
used to assess the impacts on both the natural and
manmade (social) environments. These technical ap-
pendices provide background and supporting informa-
tion for the material contained in the draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Improvement, Population
growth, Employment, Land use, Residential buildings,
Aquatic biology, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Birds,
Vehicular traffic, Public utilities, Public health, Lake
Tahoe Basin, Nevada, California, 'Sewage treatment
plants.
PB80-141136 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities, South
Shore Lake Tahoe Basin. Draft Environmental
Impact Statement.
South Tahoe Public Utilities District, South Lake
Tahoe, CA.
Oct 79,331 p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX. Prepared in co-
operation with Douglas County Sewer Improvement
District No. 1, NV. See also PB80-141120.
The draft environmental impact statement investigates
the secondary impacts of expanding and improving the
two wastewater treatment facilities that serve the
south shore of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The statement
describes five alternative growth scenarios which are
used to assess the impacts on both the natural and
manmade (social) environments.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Improvement, Population
growth, Water quality, Aquatic animals, Wildlife, Land
use, Fishes, Public land, Residential buildings, Prices,
Vehicular traffic, Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada, Califor-
nia, 'Sewage treatment plants, Water pollution stand-
ards.
PB80-141187 PC A02/MF A01
Benzene Vapor Depletion in the Presence «
Plants. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div.
Amy J. Cross, James C. McFarlane, and Clyde W.
Frank. Sep 79,23p EPA-600/3-79-096
Three plant species, Eichhornia crassipes in a nutrief]!
hydroponic culture Beta vulgaris saccharifera, ana
Beta vulgaris cicla in soil and in water cultures, were
found to deplete benzene from the air. Following ben-
zene depletion, plant tissues were extracted and rw
benzene was detected. This suggests that benzene
was completely utilized within the test system and mat
it was degraded to other chemicals.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Benzene, Air pollution,
Cultures(Biology), Soils, Hydroponics, Aquaculture,
Depletion, Tissues(Biology), Vapors, Eichhornia cras-
sipes, Beta vulgaris.
PB80-141278 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental R&sarch Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Assessment of Bacteria and Virus Emissions at»
Refuse Derived Fuel Plant and Other Waste Han-
dling Facilities. Executive summary,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
D. E. Fiscus, P. G. Gorman, M. R. Schrag, and L. J.
Shannon. Aug 79,46p EPA-600/8-79-010
Contract EPA-68-02-1871
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-288 513.
The report is an executive summary of results of a pr°"
gram to compare relative levels of selected airborn"
bacteria and viruses within and around various wasw
handling facilities. Facilities included were an incinera-
tor, a waste transfer station, a wastewater treatmenj
plant, a landfill, and the St. Louis Refuse Proces
Plant. The work also tested the bacteria removal <•_,
ciency of a mobile fabric filter. The results showed trw»
uncontrolled bacteria levels, both in-plant and at«"
property line, are generally higher for the refuse pfw-
essing plant than for the other facilities tested. !"•
fabric filter significantly reduced the levels of bacterw
in the dust emissions from the refuse plants' air den°"f,
separator. This report is of interest to consulting snfl'
neers, planners, and government officials invoM0
resource recovery.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Viruses, Microorganisms, Enjj*
sion, Industrial plants, Assessments, Refuse, Air P°"~
tion. Trace elements, Performance evaluation, I
Recommendations, Solid waste disposal, " _
processing plants, 'Air pollution control, Baghoi"8 <
Fabric filters, Particulates, 'Refuse derived fuels.
PB80-141310 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. ^
Effects of Petroleum Compounds on Estuanw
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.
of Biology.
B. J. Martin. Jan 80, 43p EPA-600/3-80-019
Grant EPA-R-804527
Effects of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic rw
cartoons (PAH), benzo(a)-pyrene (BAP), and metnyr
cholanthrene (MCA) were investigated with sneepj
*
head minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) and i» •-•„„,,
catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). A closed-circulaW
system was designed to maintain up to 100 sneeP
head minnows in artificial seawater for longterm expyj
sures. Fish were maintained in this system for up to *
weeks with weekly contaminations of PAH. Du* ^
their chemical properties significant levels of BaP »",
MCA remained in the water column for only <*•.«
hours each week and no tumors were observed m«.
exposed fish during the period of the study. The in ^
dence and types of lesions in control and exposed "°j
were basically similar except in catfish that were j^r
PAH contaminated food. High levels of contamir»«J
(1 mg/gm food) appeared to be toxic and loweriev-.,,
of contamination (0.1 mg/gm food) produced suf"c2,.
stress to make the catfish susceptible to fatal Par**Lw
infestations. Both species accumulated radioactiv<=7
labelled PAH at concentrations much higher than tn=
nominal concentrations in the water. These re9jje||
demonstrate that sheepshead minnows function « f
as experimental organisms in artificial seawater »'
closed system maintained at a noncoastal 'ac" '
820 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tn1 ^ Provide an excellent model system for the
ing a 9twnn effecte °< chronic exposure to pollut-
h,5fword8: "Fishes, "Toxicology, Aromatic polycycllc
«£,rocarbon8' Estuaries, Carcinogens, Polycycllc
^Pounds, Exposure, Bioassay, Pathology, Contami-
*5/Jf' Water Pollution, Histology, 'Oil pollution,
Jl'SL Pollution etfectafFishes), Cyprinodon varlega-
'"•' sneepshead minnows, Channel catfish, Ictalurus
Kunetatus, Bioaccumulation, *Toxlc substances.
c|J80-141344 PC A1B/MF A01
j=nvironmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
ftS!?' Vehlcl» Emission* Inspection/Maintenance
oJJP'Mn for Tennessee. Final rept.,
Dwi Control, Inc., Anaheim, CA. Environmental
Wteerlng Div.
?;?"" Gunderaon, Emll J. Vodnlck, Gary Pan, David D.
030 8nd Jirn Gatacre' Mar 79' 416P EPA-904/9-79-
£?ntract EPA-68-02-2536
sLJ r?r ** ln cooperation with Pacific Environmental
'"W'ws, Inc., Santa Monica, CA.
a«iireport Presents an analysis of costs and benefits
oSSl a!ed wltn Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) pro-
(NAAQS) are exceeded. These areas are:
le (Davidson County), Chattanooga (Hamilton
ishUlS"' Knoxvllle (Knox County) and Memphis
flan. y County). Four I/M programs administrative op-
con,iwere studied. These were: state administration,
Drh,I.actor administration, county administration and
MNM. nara_e Operatton8 0n|V the eng|ne |d|e.mode
Obti
won was investigated due to the higher equipment
""° operating costs of other inspection methods.
fej^ords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
nanSrH control, "Tennessee, Inspection, Mainte-
•noe, Benefit cost analysis, Government policies.
ErM?"141484 PC A10/MF A01
Off|C(°nrnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
of Municipal Solid Wast* and Sewsgs
An Analysis of Constraints,
R'Tuff Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
9;?"?™™, T. Barnett, R. Richards, and J. Price. 1980,
fvJP EPA/530/SW-184
^ntractEPA-88-01-4427
fron.uport ls an overview of the significiant issues con-
BoMiS i e 'nteflration of municipal solid waste dis-
' and municipal sewage sludge disposal. An anal-
01 the technical, economic, and environmental
> of integrated waste disposal (codisposal) faclll-
discussed.
s: "Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
sludge, Sanitary landfills, Incinerators, Fur-
avBi °r!ers' Pyrolysis, Combustion, Composts, Cost
sir, i?18' Cost comparison, Financing, Planning, Con-
Wasto. ,Envlronmental impacts, Feasibility, Municipal
™«, Incineration, Legal aspects.
PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
ter|vPr1llutlon Abstract*. Volume 6, Number 2. Quar-
CaKP.1- Apr-Jun 79,
HelrrnTl? Univ- Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Oaten? Enrenspeck, Barbara Searles, Katherlne
. and David Bonvouloir. Dec 79, 283p EPA-
olume 6, Number 1, PB80-1291 17.
Abstracts (formerly entitled Oil Pollution
*) Is a quarterly compilation of current literature
riB earcn Proisot summaries. Comprehensive cov-
Ol' Pollution and its prevention and control is
wittl emphasis on the aquatic environment.
.6 contains bibliographic citations with ab-
„ 0< scientific and technical publications and pat-
«ndr«0verin9 tne years 1976 to 1979. The literature
- ^arch entries are arranged in eight major cate-
comprised of thirty-seven specific sub-catego-
permuted Subject Keyword Index provides
access to every entry, and author and patent Indexes
are included.
Keywords: "Oil pollution, "Bibliographies, Water pollu-
tion control, Water pollution abatement, Environmental
Impacts, Marine transportation, Waste treatment,
Marine terminals, Abstracts, 'Oil spills, Oil pollution re-
moval.
PB80-141617 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Economic and Administrative Feasibility Analysis
of Alternative New-Car NOx Emission Charge
Strategies. Final rept.,
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., McLean, VA.
James Roberts, and Jasbinder Singh. 15 Dec 79,136p
EPA-230/3-79-005
Contract EPA-68-01 -ai24
The report examines the economic and administrative
feasibility of using a charge, based on the level of
emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from new auto-
mobiles, as a method of controlling the NOx emissions
from new automobiles. The charge is considered only
for NOx emission levels of 1.0 grams/mile (1.0 NOx)
and below. It is assumed that the statutory emissions
standards (0.41 gram/mile for hydrocarbons (HC), 3.4
grams/mile for carbon monoxide (CO), and 1.0 grams/
mile for NOx) mandated to come into effect in 1981 by
the Clean Air Act will be In effect during any time for
which the NOx charge Is contemplated. Thus the sale
of automobiles with emissions greater than 1.0 NOx
will be prohibited by the standard. Special attention in
the report is paid to reducing NOx emissions to the re-
search goal of 0.4 NOx contained in the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fees, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Air pollution abatement, Cost analysis, Catalytic con-
verters, Automobile engines, Manufacturers, Produc-
tion control, Supply(Economics), Exhaust systems,
Sales, Demand(tconomics), Auditing, Revenue, Eco-
nomic Impact, Environmental impacts.
PB80-14162S PC A17/MF A01
Phosphate Rock Plants - Background Information
for Proposed Standards. Draft environmental
Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep79,381p
Standards of Performance for the control of emissions
from phosphate rock plants are being proposed under
the authority of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
These standards would apply to new, modified, and re-
constructed phosphate rock dryers, calclners, grind-
ers, and ground rock handling systems, and would limit
emissions of particulate matter by 85 to 98 percent
below the levels permitted by current typical state reg-
ulations. This document contains background informa-
tion, environmental and economic impact assess-
ments, and the rationale for the proposed standards.
Volume II, which will be published when the standards
are promulgated, will contain a summary of the public
comments on the proposed standard and EPA's re-
sponses. A discussion of any differences between the
proposed and promulgated standards will also be in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Phosphate industry, Standards, Economic impacts,
Particles, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB60-141633 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Stationary Source Particulate Meas-
urement Methods. Volume IV. Basic Oxygen Fur-
naces. Interim Oct 73-Jun 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. E. Howes, Jr., W. M. Henry, and R. N. Pesut. Aug 79,
68p EPA/600/2-79/141
Contract EPA-68-02-0609
See also Volume 1, PB-269 052.
A procedure, EPA Method 5, for sampling and deter-
mining particulate concentrations in emissions from
stationary sources was specifically evaluated at basic
oxygen furnaces (BOF) equipped with wet-scrubbers
or electrostatic preclpitator (ESP controls. Although
wet-scrubber emissions could potentially present the
most difficulty since the sampling system must handle
a moisture-laden gas stream with entrained water
droplets, no problems were found when using Method
5. Variation of the sampling rate at 0.7 and 1.3 times
Isoklnetic also did not significantly affect the accuracy
of the mass measurements. Chemical analyses con-
firmed that the Method 5 procedure extracts a repre-
sentative sample of the BOF/ESP stack particulate
emissions. The same general chemical composition
was found on Method 5 filters and In grab samples re-
moved from the stack at the sampling point.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Detection, 'Metallurgical fur-
naces, Basic converters, Flue gases, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Sampling, meas-
urement, *EPA method 5, "Air pollution sampling, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB80-141781 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Methods for Analyzing Inorganic Compounds In
Particles Emitted from Stationary Sources. Interim
rept. Jan 77-Jul 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
William M. Henry. Sep 79,130p EPA-600/7-79-206
Contract EPA-68-02-2296
The research described was initiated with the objective
of developing methods to identify and measure Inor-
ganic compounds In particulate emissions which ema-
nate from sources using or processing fossil fuels. An
extensive literature review was carried out to ascertain
prior knowledge on the possible compound forms
present In these emissions and to review analytical
methodologies. Based on the findings of the literature
review, appropriate methodologies were selected for
laboratory trial. Concurrent with the method trail work,
large masses, 20 to 100 grams, of field samples were
collected representative of a range of both coal and
oil-fired fly ashes, and the selected methodology de-
velopment efforts were evaluated on these field sam-
ples as well as on synthesized samples. Fourier trans-
form infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and
chemical phase separations and analyses are the
methods which have provided the most definitive iden-
tification of inorganic compounds. The structural find-
ings by these methods are complemented by com-
plete cation-anlon chemical determinations. Extensive
data on the composition of crude oils, coal and ashes
are also presented.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Inorganic compounds, Reviews, Combustion prod-
ucts, Infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffraction, Evalua-
tion, Petroleum, Chemical composition, Fly ash, Fouri-
er transform spectroscopy.
PB80-142003 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Surface and Subsurface Water Quality Hydrology
In Surface Mined Watersheds. Part I: Text. Final
rept. Jul 74-Jan 77,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
D. B. McWhorter, J. W. Rowe, M. W. Van Liew, R. L.
Chandler, and R. K. Skogerboe. Aug 79,215p EPA-
600/7-79-193A
Contract EPA-R-803175
Surface mining disturbs the natural sequence of geo-
logic strata, and, therefore, potentially modifies the
quantity and quality of water on a watershed disturbed
by surface mining. Such a watershed disturbed by sur-
face mining was monitored in Colorado. In addition,
surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and sediment
production were studied on a plot scale in the field.
The most significant effect of mining on water quality
was an increase in dissolved solids. Models were used
to analyze water quality and hydrologic data and to es-
timate the contribution of the mined area to the total
salt load. The effect of surface mining on water quality
and flow patterns in aquifers were estimated.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, 'Water pollution, 'Streams,
"Watersheds, Colorado, Monitoring, Surface water
runoff, Leaching, Subsurface drainage, Aquifers, Spoil,
Concentration(Composition), Calcium, Sodium, Mag-
nesium, Bicarbonates, Sulfates, Conductivity, Mathe-
matical models, Water flow, Hydrology, Colorado,
Total dissolved solids.
December 1983 821
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-142136 PC E05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Strait of Juan de Fuca Intertldal and Subtldal
Benthos. Annual rept. no. 2,
Washington Univ., Friday Harbor. Friday Harbor Labs.
Carl F. Nyblade. Mar 79,144p EPA-600/7-79-213
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Seattle, WA. Environmental
Research Labs. Prepared for Marine Ecosystems
(MESA) Puget Sound Project, Seattle, WA.
This report presents the second year results of an in-
tertidal and shallow subtidal benthic sampling program
at ten sites along the Washington State coast of the
Strait of Juan de Fuca. The purpose of this program
was to provide a quantitative characterization of the
marine, shallow-water, bottom communities of the
Strait. In the past five years the greater Puget Sound
region has seen a dramatic increase in marine crude
and refined oil transport. The possibility of Alaskan
crude oil transshipment through this region to the Mid-
west means additional increases are possible in the
near future. This tanker traffic increase also increases
the risk of catastrophic and chronic oil pollution of the
marine environment in this region.
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Aquatic animals, *Juan de Fuca
Strait, Marine biology, Intertidal zone, Algae, Crusta-
cea, Molluscs, Insects, Nematoda, Annelida, Seasonal
variations, Abundance, Biomass, Oil pollution,
Tables(Data), Washington(State), Coasts, 'Species di-
versity, Baseline studies.
PB80-142144 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Processing Refinery Wastewater by Coagulation
and Flotation Following Biological Oxidation. Final
rept.,
Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, IL.
Arthur E. Franzen, Vernon G. Skogan, Russell C.
Mallatt, and James F. Grutsch. Feb 80,315p EPA-
600/2-80-047
ern shore of Lake Michigan in Whiting, Indiana. It is a
Class D refinery, lube subcategory, as classified under
the EPA effluent Guidelines in the Federal Register of
May 9, 1974. Because of the complexity and size of
the refinery, a significant amount of process water
which has been in contact with oil and chemicals is
generated. Recognizing the need for further improve-
ment of effluent water quality, the company carried out
extensive pilot plant work to select a process that
could be used effectively with the secondary bioflota-
tion process. Air flotation was finally selected. The re-
finery effluent treatment sequence consisting of API
separators, aerated lagoon, chemical destabilization,
and dissolved air flotation provides generally good ef-
fluent quality. Extensive work on a heretofore ignored
approach to optimization of this unit operation involv-
ing negating the mutual repulsion of negatively
charged flotation bubbles and negatively charged sus-
pended solids is reported. Extensive background on
appropriate water chemistry, properties, and charac-
teristics of chemicals used in destabilization of colloid
systems, chemical antagonists in waste waters, princi-
ples involved In colloid destabilization, and chemical
models proposing a mechanism for destabilizing nega-
tively charged solids with negatively charged polyelec-
trolytes is presented. Important design considerations
for air flotation units are discussed, and guidelines for
optimization of performance by proper chemical desta-
bilization are presented.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Water pollution control, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, Coagulation, Flotation, Per-
formance evaluation, Lagoons(Ponds), Colloids.
PB80-142201 PC A04/MF A01
Great Smoky Mountain Preliminary Study for Bio-
sphere Reserve Pollutant Monitoring. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
G. B. Wierama, K. W. Brown, R. Herrmann, C. Taylor,
and J. Pope. Nov 79,59p EPA-600/4-79-072
Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service,
Atlanta, GA.
A presampllng of physical and biological media at pre-
selected locations on the Great Smoky Mountains Bio-
sphere Reserve was completed. The media collected,
which included air, water, soils, liner, and various plant
species, were used to determine elemental concentra-
tions and to help in the design of an efficient and cost-
effective monitoring system. The results showed that
air concentrations of trace elements were below de-
tectable limits. Indications of organic air contaminants
were evident. A number of compounds such as zinc,
toluene, and methylene chloride were found in water.
In addition, dimethyl hexene, ethyl benzene, and
phthalate esters are suspected water contaminants.
Analytical results of the vegetation, soils, and litter
showed a variety of elemental contamination. The con-
centration of lead in the litter layer at four sampling
sites ranged from 246 to 469 ppm. These data, similar
to those reported by other researchers showed that
lead levels increased with altitude. Based upon a field
sampling error of plus or minus 10 percent at the 95
percent confidence level, the number of samples re-
quired to satisfy this condition, based upon the sam-
ples/element combination, was calculated.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Smoky Moun-
tains, Air pollution, Water pollution, Monitoring, Soils,
Plants(Botany), Cost analysis, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Lead(Metal), Zinc, Tolu-
ene, Chloromethanes, Ethyl benzene, Phthalates,
Esters, Sampling, Field tests, Chemical analysis,
Hexene/dimethyl.
PB80-142433 PC A11 /MF A01
Proceedings of the Conference on Methyl Chloro-
form and Other Halocarbon Pollutants Held at
Washington, DC. on February 27-28, 1979. Final
rept.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jan 80,232p EPA-600/9-80-003
Presentations at the Conference on Methyl Chloro-
form and Other Halocarbon Pollutants are document-
ed. Included among the authors are research scien-
tists, industry representatives, and regulatory officials.
The 16 papers fall into 2 basic groups. The first 10
papers present results of research in atmospheric
chemistry as related to the question of stratospheric
ozone depletion by halocarbons. Drawing upon atmos-
pheric measurements and model calculations, the au-
thors give estimates of emission levels, current atmos-
pheric burdens, tropospheric lifetimes, the importance
of sinks, effects on stratospheric ozone, and related
questions. The final 6 papers take the perspective of
involvement in, or concern with, regulatory decision-
making. The authors consider various options, recom-
mendations, and plans for halocarbon control in light
of available scientific data. Finally, the Panel Discus-
sion which concluded the Conference is presented in
verbatim transcript form. Focusing on the current
status of atmospheric measurements, the participants
discuss problems in obtaining accurate halocarbon
data, and discrepancies between and within the results
of individual investigators.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, 'Meetings,
Atmospheric chemistry, Ozone, Stratosphere, Photo-
chemical reactions, Regulations, Government policies,
Decision making, Chlorine organic compounds,
Ethane/trichloro.
PB80-142458 PCJ1215.00/MFI62.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1980,23322p-in12v
Set includes PB80-142466, PB80-142474, PB80-
142482, PB80-142490, PB80-142508, PB80-142516,
PB80-142524, PB80-142532, PB80-142540, PB80-
142557, PB80-142565, and PB80-142573.
No abstract available.
PB80-142466 PC$17.00/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Rolls Royce Motors, Limit-
ed.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1980,237p EPA/460-A-80-02
See also PB80-142474.
Also available in set of 12 reports PCS1215.00,
MF$62.00, PB80-142458.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engr
neering data include explanations and/or draww
which describe engine/vehicle parameters su(jnj|:
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pru
cedures, service accumulation procedures, 'uels;°Sfl
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to o
followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicant'
contains the results of emission testing, a statement o
compliance to the regulations, production en9'nehy!L
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on wnic
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, '&"
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance'
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust 6'
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty
Rolls Royce Motors, Motor vehicles(1980
Corrective maintenance.
PB80-142474 PC$7S.50/MF$7-#
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, uo.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi Motors Corp.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1980, 1407p EPA/460-A-80-03
See also PB80-142466, and PB80-142482. _ -«
Also available in set of 12 reports PC$1215.U",
MF$62.00, PB80-1 42458.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engin?»
submits to EPA an application for certification, in »'•
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed teen i»
cal description of the vehicles or engines he lntenan,jL
market during the upcoming model year. These en»
neering data include explanations and/or
which describe engine/vehicle parameters
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition .
and exhaust and evaporative emission '•"""tnro-
terns. It also provides information on emission test P'
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to u^
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to i
followed during testing. Section 16 of the applicaw>"
contains the results of emission testing, a staterneni
compliance to the regulations, production engin ev.
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on W»"
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, "&'
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenanj'"'
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust syf*6^.'
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty venic»>,j
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(i»°
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB80-1 42482 PC$43.25/MF$«-00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, uu.
Application for Certification 1980 Model ""
Light-Duty Vehicles - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN. Truck &
gineering Center.
1980, 761 p EPA/460-A-80-04
See also PB80-1 42474, and PB80-1 42490. „ _ , n0
Also available in set of 12 reports PC$1215."U'
MF$62.00, PB80-1 42458.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger car.
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty eng »
submits to EPA an application for certification, "v-i.
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed teen ^
cal description of the vehicles or engines he ir"en;:|,ai.
market during the upcoming model year. These «"»
neering data include explanations and/or draw "»
which describe engine/vehicle parameters suc. „,»
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition sys'e'"
and exhaust and evaporative emission control •>»
terns. It also provides information on emission test p
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels 10 ^
used, and proposed maintenance requirements w
followed during testing. Section 16 of the «Wl~
contains the results of emission testing, a state m «
compliance to the regulations, production en9in
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
*EX"
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, "£
haust emissions. 'Air pollution control, Malntenan''
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust system
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicw
822 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Harvester Company, Motor vehi-
ls), Corrective maintenance.
PC$41.50/MF$6.00
irnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mlnn for Certification 1980 Model Year
Vehicles-Saab-Scanla.
i, Inc., Orange, CT.
application;
6*1 deaoriMi
1-142508.
in set of 12 reports PCS1215.00,
'.PB80-142458.
. each manufacturer of passenger cars,
trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
' EPA an application for certification. In the
"cation, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
'wscrtption of the vehicles or engines he intends to
luring the upcoming model year. These engi-
wnieh'rt a '"c'1'1™ explanations and/or drawings
basic scr'De engine/vehicle parameters such as
and Bvh9lne des'9n' 'ue' systems, ignition systems,
tema it i 8t ancl evaporative emission control sys-
oedurl Provides information on emission test pro-
used J-'Service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
lolini,51?°. Proposed maintenance requirements to be
com.- duriri9 testing. Section 16 of the application
com*"8 the results of emission testing, a statement of
ramSi ce to the regulations, production engine pa-
Issiial? ' and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
-ouance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, *Ex-
isions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Fuai"«'allon' Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
gg-! systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Was/in!?,?0'8 °' America Incorporated, Motor vehi-
• models), Corrective maintenance.
PC$350.00/MF$22.00
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
for Certification 1980 Model Year
Vehicles - Chrysler.
lOp EPA/460-A-80-07
.,,«> PB80-142490, and PB80-142516.
Mpifiavailable in set of 12 reports PCS1215.00,
""^62.00, PBeo-142458.
EVBPM
"flhwi K6ar' eacn manufacturer of passenger cars,
«ShiiSi ^ trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
acolioSi'0 EPA an application for certification. In the
"on, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
""^tion of the vehicles or engines he intends to
ring the upcoming model year. These engi-
. data include explanations and/or drawings
'escribe engine/vehicle parameters such as
_ «,..!?8'ne design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
temau aus* anc' evaporative emission control sys-
taM.*" also provides information on emission test pro-
re
"«ed 'jervice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
'Wlmii .? proposed maintenance requirements to be
contain S"™^ test'rig. Section 16 of the application
CoJr,"8 'he results of emission testing, a statement of
ran)atlance to tne regulations, production engine pa-
ISBIIO-' and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
""rice of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
r,»UM0r
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: "Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
General Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1980
models), Corrective maintenance,
PB80-142573 PC$16.50/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification Model Year 1960 Mo-
torcycles - Harley Davidson Motor Co., Inc.
Harley-Davidson Motor Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. Engi-
neering Div.
1980,227p EPA/460-A-80-16
See also PB80-142565.
Also available in set of 12 reports PCS1215.00,
MF$62.00, PB80-142458.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, *Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Harley Davidson Motor Company Incorporat-
ed, Motor vehicles(1980 models), Corrective mainte-
PB80-142581 PC$12S.OO/MFt10.2S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
1980,2238p-in4v
Set Includes PB80-142599, PB80-142607, PB80-
142615, and PB80-142623.
No abstract available.
PB80-142599 PC$30.50/MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Ysar
Heavy-Duty Dlessl Englns • Cummins Engine
Company, Inc.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
1980,509p EPA/460-A-80-01
See also PB80-142607.
Also available in set of 4 reports PCS 125.00,
MF$10.25,PB80-142581.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption. 'Air pollution control, Maintenance, Ex-
haust emissions, Certification, Exhaust systems, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, 'Heavy duty engines, Cum-
mins Engine Company Incorporated, Truck en-
glnes(1980 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB80-142607 PC$56.00/MF$6.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1980 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Englnsa - Ford Motor Co.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1980,1018p EPA/460-A-80-06
See also PB80-142599, and PB80-142615.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MF$10.25, PB80-142581.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance, Certifi-
cation, Truck engines, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems,
Ignition systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Ford Motor
Company, Motor vehicles) 1980 models), Corrective
maintenance.
PB80-142815 PC$19.25/MF$4.76
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification I960 Model Yaar
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Mitsubishi Motors
Corp.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Kawasaki (Japan). Truck and
Bus Engineering Center.
1980,285p EPA/460-A-80-11
See also PB80-142607, and PB80-142623.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MF$10.25,PB80-142581.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Truck en-
gines(1980 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB80-142623 PC$26.50/MF$5.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1960 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1980,426p EPA/460-A-80-13
SeealsoPBBO-142615.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00.
MF$10.25,PB80-142581.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars.
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These enjr
neering data include explanations and/or drawinfl'
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such ••
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition system*
and exhaust and evaporative emission control iyf
terns. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to j»
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to o«
followed during testing. Section 1 6 of the applicaw"
contains the results of emission testing, a statement 01
compliance to the regulations, production engine P*;
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on wnic"
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, *Exn"jjf
emissions, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance, Ger™:!
cation, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems, rv»
systems, Ignition systems, 'Heavy duty vehicles, Ben;
eral Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1BBU
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB80-142696 PCA04/MFA01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Montana La"**'
Rept. for 21 Feb-1 1 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., I-88
Vegas, NV.
S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris,
and W. D. Taylor. Dec 79, 53p EPA-600/3-79-1 16
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., LS»
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 15 lakes sampled by irw
National Eutrophlcatlon Survey In the state of MO"
tana. Results from the calculation of several *••£
quality Indices are also Included (Nygaard's Tropn»
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, «ru
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, *Lskf!'
Aquatic microbiology, Monitoring, Diatoms, AHJJJ1
Abundance, Classifications, Tabfes(Data), Montana
Eutrophication, 'Bioindicators, Trophic level, Specw
diversity.
PB80-142706 PC A07/MF AOl
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i
angle Park, NC. „/
Atmospheric Distributions, Sources and Sink* «.
Selected Halocarbons, Hydrocarbons, SF6, «n°
N20. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. .e
H. B. Singh, L. J. Salas, H. Shigelshl, A. J. Smith, and &
Scribner. Nov 79, 149p EPA-600/3-79-1 07
Grant EPA-8038020
Global distributions of a large number of halocarbo"9'
hydrocarbons, SF6, and N20 are presented. ine°
data are complemented with measurements in the f»
luted environments to establish urban-nonurban rei»
tionships of these species. Atmospheric growth raw
of selected species are characterized based on
urements conducted between 1 975 and 1 978.
Iro-
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Nitrogen oxide(N20),
carbons, Nitrogen oxides, Halohydrocarbons,
hexafluoride, Air water interactions, Pacific
Troposphere, Stratosphere, 'Global air pollution.
PB80-142839 PC A04/MF AOl
Tire-Dynamometer Roll Effects. Technical rept, ~
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, w '
Standards Development and Support Branch. -*
Richard N. Burgeson. Mar 78, 69p EPA-AA-LDTP-?7"*
The Federal Government currently determines II9JJ
duty vehicle fuel economy and emissions on the. "»
small-roll dynamometer. The geometry of the ay"?
mometer-vehicle system is one which cannot be dup fl
cated under actual driving conditions because only «'
rear tires are placed on the dynamometer and "^^u
rw
face upon which they are placed is curved.
questions have been raised as to the validity of '" ,!,|9
sumption that two tires on the dynamometer .,
four tires on the road with regard to all tire construct
types. However, it has been suggested that «"•>
radial tires are operated on the twin small-roll W.nh(J
mometer they exhibit higher rolling resistance thar i "'
other construction types under the same conditio'1
Lack of information prompted an In-house Investifl"
824 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"'0 the effects of the twin-small-roll dynamometer
,
t Analysis of variance, Data acquisition, Fuel con-
tion, Exh
'Automobiles, 'Tires, 'Dynamometers,
contact loads, Rolling friction, Aerodynamic
nalysis of variance, Da
»«mption, Exhaust emissions.
PB80-142847 PC A06/MF A01
"one step Method for the Determination of Car-
n™>at« Pesticides by Oerlvatlzatlon with alpha-
uS!J!°-a'M,5,e-Pentafluorotoluene. Final rept.,
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ffiNC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
"••mil D. Jackson, Stephen D. Soileau, G. Wayne
|°vocool, and RichardA. Sachleben. Sep 79,106p
"=^-600/4-79.077
* Procedure was developed for the determination of
jg-e quantities of a broad range of carbamate pesti-
tSsrt I carbamates were hydrolyzed and deriva-
29iln a single step, using alkali and alpha-bromo-
o!u£u '^Pentafluorotoluene (PFBB), and were subse-
'' analyzed using electron capture gas chroma'
Bywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carbamates, 'Chemical anal-
cormv[race elements, Hydrolysis, Bromine organic
5' Gas chromatography, Toluene/bromo-
o. Procedures.
PC A04/MF A01
lon °< Phytoplankton In California Lakes.
n:
l
Nat* i
Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
tadV^S' W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
Preoa ^ Lambou. Dec 79,75p EPA-600/3-79-113
V«2na ™hlnvolving correlations of stnjctural and func-
me,' fterations. The two major test areas developed
- jJJ* ''"'•ntitative measurements of Type 2 cell
,1 "ons and protein leakage within the lung. The
088 in number and size of Type Z pneumocytes
1 exposure is believed to represent a corre-
Joss of Type 1 lung cells, and the protein
.-. " Jfttnin the lung is in accord with the concept
in the ,k "I1? * cell is a critical barrier for fluid transport
«e«rch H ar area. The authors suggest that their re-
«valu«. S~ 8uPPorts the hypothesis that to properly
on*:816 the possible health effects from air pollutants
rve attention to the subclinical cellular alter-
deplete the functional and structural re-
ans which are the primary target for air
-• "Indicator species, 'Nitrogen dioxide, Ex-
Quinea pigs. Mice, Laboratory animals,
Protein. Lung, Air pollution, Electro-
°> rvinetics, Ultraviolet radiation, 'Bioindicators,
'"tton effects(Animals).
PB80-143332 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Low Wastewater Potato Starch/Protein Produc-
tion. Technical rept. 1975-79,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Food Engi-
neering.
John R. Rosenau, and Lester F. Whitney. Dec 79.51 p
EPA/600/2-79/208
Contract EPA-R-803712
While potato starch has been an item of commerce for
many years, traditional processing methods have in-
curred large volumes of high BOD effluents. The re-
search summarized by this report has lead to a modi-
fied process which upgrades the soluble components
formerly discarded in the effluent to animal feed mate-
rials in an economical manner. The process developed
starts by grinding and sieving as in the traditional proc-
ess with the exception that recycled juice rather than
fresh water is used to flush the starch granules from
the pulp in the sieving operation. The pulp is pressed
and dried as in traditional processes. The starch is
separated from the juice and refined by an 'elutriatlon'
type liquid cyclone and a basket centrifuge. Water - at
the rate of one kg per four Kg of input potatoes - is in-
troduced at the basket centrifuge and flows in a
counter-current manner through tne cyclone system.
Excess juice is heated to precipitate the heat coagula-
ble protein. The protein is centrifuged from the Juice
and spray dried; the deproteinated juice is concentrat-
ed to a molasses-like feed material by reverse osmosis
and multiple effect evaporation.
Keywords: 'Starches, 'Potatoes, 'Water pollution
control, 'Solid waste disposal, Feeding stuffs, Pro-
teins, Food industry, Process charting, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, Byproducts, Osmosis, Evapora-
tion, Cyclone separators.
PB80-143613 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Monitoring Septage Addition to Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Volume I. Addition to the Liquid
Stream. Final rept. Aug 77-Nov 78,
Lowell Univ., MA.
Burton A. Segall, Charles R. Ott, and William B.
Moeller. Nov 79,324p EPA-600/2-79-132
Contract EPA-R-805406-01
The report provides information needed to facilitate
septage disposal at municipal wastewater treatment
plants. Research assessed the effects of septage ad-
dition to primary and secondary biological waste treat-
ment processes. Septage was added to an extended
aeration process, a two-stage conventional activated
sludge process, and a pilot plant operated both as an
extended aeration and a conventional activated sludge
facility. All processes were monitored during a no-sep-
tage feed baseline period, which was followed by con-
stant feed and slug feed. Results included process
loading for existing plants, design criteria for new facili-
ties and cost of treatment of septage. Experience
gained in feeding and treating large quantities of sep-
tage is reported. Septage is readily treated biologically
with domestic sewage. The organic and solids content
of septage averages about 50 times that of domestic
sewage. Solids removal in primary clarification is ex-
cellent and in combination with primary or secondary
sludge, septage dewaters well.
Keywords: 'Septic tanks, 'Sludge disposal, 'Waste
treatment, Design, Performance evaluation, Monitor-
ing, Nitrification, Comparison, Microorganisms, Eco-
nomic analysis, Pilot plants, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Biological proc-
esses, Baseline measurements.
PB80-143647 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Surface
Mining. Part I. The Limnology and Biota of Mine
Spoils Ponds In Northwest Colorado. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Steven P. Canton, and James V. Ward. Dec 79, SOp
EPA-600/3-79-124
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also Part 2, PB-289 883.
Physico-chemical conditions, zooplankton, and
benthos were investigated in coal strip-mine ponds in
northwesten Colorado. There were no discernible ef-
fects of mine drainage on a variety ol physico-chemi-
cal parameters. In stark contrast to spoils ponds in the
eastern and midwestern states, acid mine drainage
was not observed. Total dissolved solids, nitrate and
sulfate values were higher In the spoils ponds than in
the control pond. Net zooplankton abundance was
lowest in the youngest spoils pond, but the standing
crop of benthos exhibited a progressive decrease from
the youngest spoils pond to the control pond. Zoo-
plankton and benthos species diversity were lower in
the spoils ponds. Certain groups of zooplankters and
benthos were rare or absent in the youngest spoils
pond.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Invertebrates, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, 'Animal ecology, 'Water quality, 'Ponds, Spoil,
Zooplankton, Density(Mass/volume), Abundance, Bio-
mass, pH, Concentration(Composition), Inorganic ni-
trates, Inorganic sulfates, Colorado, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Species diversity.
PB80-143811 PCA06/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Reuse and Renovation of Sewage Stabilization
Pond Effluent Through Irrigation. Final rept. 1870-
Be'lding, Ml.
Earl A. Myers, and Jeffrey C. Sutherland. Feb 80,125p
EPA-600/2-80-050
Prepared in cooperation with Williams and Works,
Grand Rapids, Ml.
The main objective of this project was to explore the
recycling of stabilized pond effluent to grow crops for
municipal beautification. The research encompassed
pond effluent quality, irrigation site parameters, crop
responses, renovation qualities of site and crops, in-
sects and winter irrigation. Levels of wastewater appli-
cation were 51, 76, and 102 mm per week. The solid-
set, buried, automatic lateral-change irrigation system
functioned well.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Irrigation, Grasses,
Plant growth. Monitoring, Ground water, Soils, Nutri-
ents, Insects, Waste water reuse, Performance eval-
uation, Runoff, Tables(Data), Oklahoma, 'Sewage irri-
gation.
PB80-143837 PC A98/MF A01
Resources and Pollution Control: Demonstration
of a Comprehensive Assessment. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Sep 79,885p* EPA-600/5-79-010
The purpose of the project was to develop and demon-
strate a methodology for simultaneously projecting
future pollution control costs for all economic activities
subject to Federal regulations, which utilized consist-
ent assumptions relating to official Federal projections
of the state of the Nation's economy. To assure valid
simulation of the impacts of the regulations, the projec-
tion model was developed with a scale of sectoral
detail that allowed analysis of each industry-specific
effluent or emission regulation in effect at the time
(nearly 400 sectors). Further the secondary effects of
pollution control expenditures on the economy were
simulated. The report demonstrates the utility of the
methodology for the intended analyses.
Keywords: 'National government, 'Regulations, 'Cost
estimates, Industries, Direct costs, Indirect costs, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Environments, Benefit cost
analysis, Fixed investment, Industrial wastes, Econom-
ic models, Economic impact, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Production methods, Damage, Sources, Public
health, 'Pollution control, Industrial protection, Pollu-
tion abatement, Stationary sources.
PB80-143894 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park. NC.
Proceedings of the Symposium on the Develop-
~ Personal Monitors for Expo-
Ings of the :
id Usao* of
I Health Effei
ment «nd
sure and Hesltfi Effect Studies Held at Chapel Hill,
North Carolina on January 22-24,1979,
Kappa Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
David T. Mage, and Lance Wallace. Jun 79,517p*
EPA-600/9-79-032
Contract EPA-68-02-2435
December 1983 825
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The work reported herein represents the content of a
Symposium to present the state-of-the-art in personal
monitor developments for measurement of pollution
exposures and physiological responses to pollution ex-
posures. This report contains edited transcripts of the
discussion following each paper, the transcript of an
informal general discussion period and the transcript
of a closing panel discussion. The breakthroughs in
miniaturization of data processing and control modules
through usage of digital microcircuitry has allowed a
new generation of pocket sized personal monitors to
be developed for both pollution variables and physio-
logical measures. The Symposium addresses the con-
duct of epidemiological and exposure assessment
studies which incorporate these monitors into the
design.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Physiology, Assessments, Ex-
posure, Detectors, Samplers, Dosage, Air pollution,
Development, Utilization, Epidemiology, Humans, Air
quality, *Air pollution monitors, Air samplers, State of
the art, Monitoring, Environmental health.
PB80-143985 PC A13/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Alternative Disposal Concepts for High-Level and
Transuranlc Radioactive Waste Disposal. Techni-
cal note,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Philip Altomare, Robert Bernard!, David Gabriel, Daniel
Nainan, and William Parker. May 79, 284p" MTR-7718,
ORP/CSD-79-f
Contract EPA-68-01 -3997
Various alternatives have been proposed for the dis-
posal of high-level and transuranic radioactive waste
generated from the nuclear electric power industry and
the U.S. Defense program. The most advanced dis-
posal option, and the one under active development, is
the U.S. owned and operated deep-mined geologic re-
pository. This report reviews the primary alternative
concepts to the geologic repository, their present
state-of-development and, to the extent possible, their
environmental implications. The concepts included
are: transmutation, extraterrestrial disposal, seabed
disposal, ice sheet disposal, and other continental
geologic disposal. Projections of radioactive waste
quantities and technologies for partitioning and frac-
tionation of the waste are also discussed.
Keywords: Transuranium elements, Radioactive
wastes, Waste disposal, Radioactive waste process-
ing, Ice, * Radioactive waste disposal, High-level radio-
active wastes, Marine disposal, Underground disposal,
Space missions, Radioactive waste management.
PB80-144421 PC A02/MF A01
Dusts and Residues from Machining and Inciner-
ating Graph!te/Epoxy Composites. A Preliminary
Study. Rept. for pet 78-Sep 79,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jack Wagman, Henry R. Berger, John L. Miller, and
William D. Conner. Nov 79,24p EPA-600/2-79-196
Preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to
obtain some information on the nature of potential
carbon fiber emissions resulting from the machining
and incineration of graphite/epoxy composites. Exami-
nation of residues by scanning electron microscopy
following exposure of graphite fiber products in a labo-
ratory furnace showed the high resistance of graphite
fibers to combustion at temperatures up to 1000C.
Resins and binders in the composites are destroyed
rapidly at elevated temperatures, but one can predict
that the disposal of composite waste materials by con-
ventional refuse incineration would result in the re-
lease of targe amounts of both intact and partly de-
graded and thinned graphite fibers. In other experi-
ments, dusts generated by sawing and drilling of
graphite/epoxy composites contained large numbers
of fibers free of the resin matrix and generally about 50
to 100 micrometers in length. There was also evidence
of longitudinal cleavage of some fibers by sawing; the
potential thus exists for the formation of more respira-
ble fiber fragments with diameters smaller than those
(about 6 to 8 micrometers) established in the fiber
manufacturing process.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Carbon fibers, 'Fiber com-
posites, Machining, Incineration, Dust, Residues,
Refuse disposal, Electron microscopy, Carbon fiber re-
inforced plastics, Epoxy matrix composites, Graphite
reinforced composites, Solid waste disposal, Pyrolysis
incineration.
PB80-144439 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Statistical Analysis of the Los Angeles Catalyst
Study Data,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Statistics.
Johannes Ledolter, George C. Tiao, Spencer B.
Graves, Jian-tu Hsieh, and Gregory B. Hudak. Oct 79,
88p EPA-600/4-79-070
Contract EPA-68-02-2261
This research was initiated to perform statistical analy-
ses of the data from the Los Angeles Catalyst Study.
The objective is to determine the effects of the intro-
duction of the catalytic converter upon the atmospher-
ic concentration levels of a number of air pollutants.
This report gives an analysis of the CO, Pb, SO4, O3,
NO and NO2 data covering the period from June 1974
to November 1977. Models are built to evaluate the
freeway contribution to CO and Pb as a function of traf-
fic, windspeed and wind direction. These models are
used to assess both the time trend in the pollutant
measurements and the pollution concentrations at
points near the freeway. Frequency distributions for
ambient air quality data near freeways are discussed.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Statisti-
cal analysis, Concentration(Composition), Carbon
monoxide, Lead(Metal), Sulfates, Ozone, Nitrogen
oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide, Monitoring, California,
'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), *Los
Angeles(California), 'Air quality data.
PB80-144561 PC A04/MF A01
The Effects of Decreased Nutrient Loading on the
Limnology of Diamond Lake, Oregon. Final rept.
1971-1977,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
W. L. Lauer, G. S. Schuytema, W. D. Sanville, F. S.
Stay, and C. F. Powers. Jun 79, 71 p EPA-600/8-79-
017A
See also report dated Aug 79, PB-300 403.
Responding to accelerated recreational pressure at
Diamond Lake, Oregon, in 1969 the U.S. Forest Serv-
ice began installation of a wastewater diversion
system which would eventually carry 85 to 90% of the
sewage out of the watershed. From 1971 through
1977 a program of research was done on the lake to
determine its trophic status and identify changes that
might be the result of the diversion. The lake is quite
productive as the result of natural loading from tributar-
ies, groundwater and bottom sediments. Total phos-
phorus and chlorophyll a levels reached a low in 1973,
but by 1977 had increased to levels comparable to
1971. Species composition of the benthic macroinver-
tebrate population was the same in 1976/1977 as it
was at the beginning of the study. Recommendations
include an adaptation of the Dillon and Rigler system
for determining the development capacity of lakes.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution,
'Diamond Lake, Diverting, Waste water, Phosphorus,
Chlorophylls, Invertebrates,
Concentration(Composition), Sediments, Recommen-
dations, Oregon, 'Organic loading, Water quality data,
'Eutrophication.
PB80-144579 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Arizona Lakes.
Rept. for 21 Feb-11 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
and F. A. Morris. Dec 79,44p EPA-600/3-79-112
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 11 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Arizona.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, "Water pollution,
Sampling, Abundance, Algae, Diatoms, Aquatic micro-
biology, Classifications, Tables(Data), Arizona,
'Trophic level, Eutrophication, 'Species diversity,
'Biomdicators.
PBSO-144S87 PC A04/MF AOl
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., La*
Vegas, NV.
Operation of the Old River Control Project, Atcha-
falaya Basin: An Evaluation from Multluse Man-
agement Standpoint. Final rept.,
Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA.
Johannes L. van Beek, Ava L. Harmon, Charles L.
Wax, and Karen M. Wicker. Nov 79,74p EPA-600/4-
79-093
Contract EPA-68-03-2665
This report evaluated from a multiuse management
standpoint the operation of the Old River Control
Project. It was found that limiting diversions to the
extent presently being considered by the Old River
Control Project would effectively remove those wet-
lands that are presently flooded for a period of 0 to «
months from the aquatic ecosystem as a type habitat
representing as much as 36 percent of the wetlands ot
the overflow areas in the Atchafalaya Basin. Without
stronger land-use controls, a reduction in the annual
extent of flooding could encourage new residential ano
agricultural development in the present wetlands.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Flood control, 'Atchafalaya
Basin, Flooding, Runoff, Overflows, Management,
Floodways, Channel improvements, Louisiana, 'Multi-
ple purpose projects.
PB80-144595 PC A05/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Adipic Acid Degradation Mechanism In Aqueous
FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) System*. Fin®
rept. Oct 78-Apr 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. B. Meserole, D. L. Lewis, A. W. Nichols, and G.
Rochelle. Sep 79, 93p EPA-600/7-79-224
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of a field and laboratory study
of the adipic acid degradation mechanism in aqueous
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. (Adding adip«j
acid to limestone-based, SO2 wet scrubbers increases
SO2 removal and limestone utilization. However,
degradation is ossuuiawu wun uiw uxiuuuun vi *"T" «t
possibly through a free radical mechanism. At lea»|
one mechanism is an oxidative decarboxylation yieio-
ing valeric acid, butyric acid, glutaric acid, and CO*
The quantities of products measured during laboratory
testing only account for approximately 30% of
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-14461 1 PC A04/MF A01
r«»t Methods to Determine the Mercury Emls-
wons from Sludge Incineration Plants,
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
' "angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
W. J. Mitchell, M. R. Midgett, J. C. Suggs, and D.
Albrmck. Sep 79, 59p EPA-600/4-79-058
"spared in cooperation with PEDCo Environmental,
lnc- Cincinnati, OH.
Two test methods for mercury are described along
*™i the laboratory and field studies done in develop-
hi? and validating them. One method describes how to
Homogenize and analyze large quantities of sewage
siudge. The other test method describes how to meas-
ure the mercury emissions from the stacks of sewage
incinerators. In this latter method, the samples
. ,
™° collected in a potassium permanganate/sulfuric
<>cid solution and analyzed for mercury using f lameless
«omic absorption.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Mercury(Metal),
^nemical analysis, Air pollution, Incinerators, Gas
•naiysis, Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Combus-
Ji°|J Products, Field tests. 'Sewage sludge, 'Air pollu-
["B80-144637 PC A18/MF A01
Hazardous Materials Incidents Reported to U.S.
nvironmental Protection Agency Regional Of-
fr°m October> 1977 wrounh September,
&fironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
^ and Special Materials Control Div.
°an80,412pEPA-430/9-79/019
J* Purpose of this two-year record of 3,076 hazard-
nhiH9'6"8' incidents is to help demonstrate the mag-
ilfS* of the hazardous material spill problem in the
"«eci States today. To this end, it is mainly a compila-
jjw ot those incidents reported to the ten Regional Of-
i£8 °f the United States Environmental Protection
3*rP?y (EPA). The report is divided into two sections
severing the fiscal years 1979 and 1978, respectively.
"B incident data includes location, date, type of inci-
material involved and its volume, the environ-
m affected, and additional information as
here available.
: Oil Pollution, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Data), Reviewing, 'Hazardous materials spills,
ills, Oil spills, Land pollution.
PC A10/MF A01
A,r--ur«ment of Perchloroethylene In Ambient
gj- nnal rept. Mar 78-Feb 79,
T1ano|1nDental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Q c t ^ark, NC.
Rnlfoi ns' R- E. Baumgardner, J. E. Bumgarner, P. L.
79-047 8nd J'E"Kno"'Au9 79'203p EP^600'4-
nfI9h|oroethylene (i.e., tetrachloroethylene) is an or-
mJ:1, solvent widely used in dry cleaning and industrial
We Creasing operations. Short-term field studies
arsao Jducted in each of three major metropolitan
deng*™** were selected on the basis of the number,
*ourr anc' 8'ze °* perchloroethylene emission
center aa we" as tne proximity of such sources to
"biouJ, of n'9n population density. Dry cleaning, a
•«n arB • actlv'ty scattered throughout any metropoli-
ulaflnrT^' lncreases in volume proportionately with pop-
6st r^ ™nsity. Hence, New York City, with the great-
8t*idv ion density in tne U-S-. was selectecfas a
^ ber a' Matropolitan Houston was chosen primari-
"L rt?USe ^ Diarnond Shamrock plant, located in
"«n Deer Park, is one of the largest perchlor-
We Producers in the nation. Finally, metropoli-
jeiroit was included because of the number of
Qegreasing operations located in the area.
lnflT*d.8: "Organic solvents, Dry cleaning, Degreas-
Mfchta 8ubstances, Sampling, New York, Texas,
CorJS.• Quality assurance, Air pollution,
oiHorn nlrj?tion(Composition), Sites, 'Ethylene/tetra-
CStv/M1 " Duality. "Air pollution sampling, New York
'>'"ew York), Houstonfjexas), Detroit(Michigan).
"^°'u1*«72e PC A03/MF A01
of Phytoplankton In Colorado Lakes.
Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
M. K. Morris, W. 0. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern,
and V. W. Lambou. Dec 79,48p EPA-600/3-79-114
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytoplankton In the 13 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Colora-
do. Results from the calculation of several water qual-
ity indices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Sampling, Abundance, Classifications, Algae, Dia-
toms, Sites, Colorado, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level,
'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB80-144793 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Surface
Mining. Part IV-Chemlcal and Microbiological In-
vestigations of a Surface Coal Mine Settling Pond.
Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
Susan C. Turbak, Gregory J. Olson, and Gordon A.
McFeters. Dec 79,82p EPA-600/3-79-125
Contract EPA-R-803950
See also report dated Oct 78, PB-289 883. Prepared in
cooperation with Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Dept. of Microbiology.
Chemical and microbiological investigations of the set-
tling pond system at the West Decker Coal Mine in
southeastern Montana were undertaken during 1975-
1977. Concentrations of total dissolved solids, bicar-
bonate, sodium, sulfate, and nitrogen species in pond
water were elevated in comparison to those in other
nearby surface waters; however, it was concluded that
these would not significantly impact the nearby
Tongue River or Tongue River Reservoir. Constituents
of the mine drainage waters underwent chemical
changes within the pond which were at least in part
due to the activities of microorganisms. The increase
in pH value and in concentration of dissolved oxygen,
partially attributed to photosynthesis within the pond,
oxidized reduced chemical species such as sulfide and
ferrous iron. The high numbers and activity measure-
ments of sulfate reducing bacteria as well as the signif-
icant amount of metal-bound sulfides in pond sedi-
ments made a strong case for the contributions of
these organisms to metal precipitation in, and possible
detoxification of, pond waters.
Keywords: "Coal mining, *Lagoons(Ponds), 'Water
pollution, Mine waters, Acidity, Bacteria,
Concentration(Composition), Bicarbonates, Sodium,
Sulfates, Nitrogen, Algae, Bioassay, Chlorophylls,
Microorganisms, pH, Metals, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Sulfate reducing bacteria, Detoxification, Montana,
Tongue River, Acid mine drainage.
PB80-144801 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Qeothermal Environmental Impact Assessment:
around Water Monitoring Guidelines for Qeother-
mal Development. Final rept.,
Harding-Lawson Associates, San Rafael, CA.
Richard B. Weiss, Theodore O. Coffey, and Tamata L.
Williams. Sep 79,232p EPA-600/7-79-218
Contract EPA-68-03-2668
This report discusses potential ground water pollution
from geothermal resource development, conversion,
and waste disposal, and proposes guidelines for de-
veloping a ground water monitoring plan for any such
development. Geothermal processes, borehole log-
ging, and Injection well technology as they relate to
geothermal development and ground water monitoring
are also outlined.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control. Environmental im-
pacts, Ground water, Reservoir engineering, Injection
wells, Well logging, Monitoring, 'Geothermal re-
sources, 'Resource development, Borehole logging,
Geothermal fluids, Geothermal wells.
PB80-144819 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Monitoring System for Collection and Analyses of
Ambient Ethylene Dlchlorlde (EDC) Levels In the
Urban Atmosphere,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
L. Elfers, G. Fusaro, and A. Khalifa. Sep 79,57p EPA-
600/4-79-059
Contract EPA-68-02-2722
A method for the measurement of ambient levels of
ethylene dichloride (EDC) was developed and field
tested. A 24-hour integrated sample is taken with an
activated charcoal tube, followed by desorption of the
EDC with carbon disulfide. The carbon disulfide solu-
tion is then analyzed for EDC by separation on a gas
chromatograph and detection with a mass spectrome-
ter. Development of the method included the following
area steps: Selection of gas chromatographic condi-
tions and a detection system for separation and quan-
tification of EDC; Determination of adsorption capacity
of the charcoal tube for EDC; Evaluation of the desorp-
tion of EDC from adsorbents under dry and wet condi-
tions; Evaluation of optimum sampling rates; Determi-
nation of total method efficiency; and, Evaluation of
the method under field conditions by use of data from
field studies.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Urban areas, Chemical analysis, Monitoring,
Field tests, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Laboratory equipment, Industrial hygiene, Air pollution,
•Ethylene/dichloro, 'Air pollution detection, Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB80-144827 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Applicability of Inspection/Mainte-
nance Tests on a Chevrolet Citation. Technical
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Penninga. Nov 79,25p EPA-AA-TAEB-80-6
This report presents testing results which were gath-
ered to determine the suitability of existing I/M testing
scenarios on a Chevrolet Citation with a computer
based emission control system. This car had a micro-
processor based three-way catalyst control system.
After suitable baselines were established, various
components were made inoperative in the emission
control system. Complete FTP, HFET, New York City
Cycles, and I/M tests were run for each vehicle condi-
tion. This report presents the measured data taken
during the tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Inspection, Maintenance, Catalytic con-
verters, Air pollution, Chevrolet vehicles, Chevrolet Ci-
tation automobiles, Motor vehicles(1980 models).
PB80-144835 PC AOS/MF A01
Pesticides and Polychlorlnated Blphenyls In the
Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Stephen C. Hern, Victor W. Lambou, and Han Tai. Sep
79,89p EPA-600/4-79-061
The collection and analysis of samples for pesticide
and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were included
in the Atchafalaya River Basin Water and Land Study.
From 1974 to 1977, 743 samples were collected from
118 stations in the Atchafalaya Basin. Water, bottom
sediment, and fish samples were analyzed for 9 organ-
ophosphorus compounds and 18 organochlorine com-
pounds. No organophosphorus compounds were de-
tected in any fish, water, or bottom sediment samples.
Only a few organochlorine compounds, i.e., aldrin, diel-
drin, PCB's, chlordane, and DDT and «s derivatives,
are present in bottom sediments of the Atchafalaya
Basin. With the exception of PCB's none of the com-
pounds was detected in water samples. Aldrin, dlel-
drin, PCB's, and DDT and its derivatives were found in
fish samples. The pattern of pesticide distribution that
emerges in the Atchafalaya Basin reflects the agricul-
tural activity within or affecting the various hydrological
units of the Basin.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Atchafalaya River Basin,
Water pollution, Sites, Sampling, Sediments, Fishes,
DDT, Chlordan, Dieldrin, Aldrin, Chemical analysis,
Bioassay, Extraction, Gas chromatography, Agricultur-
al wastes, Louisiana, * Polychlorinated biphenyls,
'Water pollution sampling, Water pollution detection.
December 1983 827
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-144892 PC A99/MF A01
Pesticide Data Submitters File. Rept. for Jan 70-
Deo 79.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 80,891 p*
Supersedes PB-287 791.
List of pesticide data submitters who wish compensa-
tion under 3C1D of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act. A cumulation from January, 1970
to December, 1979, the document is in two parts. The
first is an alphabetical listing by chemical name which
refers to the chemical code number, the second part is
In chemical code order numerically and provides the
data.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Data sources, Chemical in-
dustry, Indexes(Documentation), Chemical com-
pounds, Coding, Listings.
PB80-144991 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment • Site D. Final rept. Jul-Sep 78,
KVB, Inc.. Minneapolis, MM.
J. E. Gabrielson, P. L Langsjoen, and T. C. Kosvic.
Nov 79,116p EPA-600/7-79-237A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also report dated Dec 78, PB-293 731. Sponsored
in part by American Boilers Manufacturers Associa-
tion, Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on a 90,000 Ib/hr vlbrating-grate-stoker boiler. The
effect of various parameters on boiler emissions and
efficiency was studied. Parameters Included overfire
air, excess air, boiler load, and fuel properties. Meas-
urements included gaseous emissions, paniculate
emissions, particle size distribution of the fryash, and
combustible content of the ash. Gaseous emissions
measured were O2, CO2, CO, NO, S02, and SOS In
the flue gas. Sample locations included the boiler
outlet and the multlclone dust collector outlet. In addi-
tion to test results and observations, the report de-
scribes the facility tested, coals fired, test equipment,
and procedures.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Stokers,
Combustion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Sulfur dioxide,
Sulfur trloxlde, Concentratlon(Composltion), Field
tests, Efficiency, Particle size distribution, Perform-
ance evaluation. Air pollution sampling, Coal combus-
tion.
PB80-145071 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Alternatives for Reducing Insecticides on Cotton
and Corn: Economic and Environmental Impact
Final rept. Apr 75-Feb 77,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
David Pimentel, Christine Shoemaker, Eddy L LaDue,
Robert B. Rovinsky, and Noel P. Russell. Aug 79,
158p* EPA-600/5-79-007A
Grant EPA-R-802518-02
Insecticide levels and application costs supplied by 31
entomological experts, plus estimates of the other
costs involved with various insect control strategies,
Indicate that many insect control strategies that may
significantly reduce Insecticide use on cotton and corn
may be more economical than strategies currently
being used. An analysis of alternative insect control
technologies in com revealed that few opportunities
exist to employ alternative strategies because only
about 1 pound of Insectide is applied per acre. The
prime pest on corn is the rootworm complex and the
practical alternative is crop rotation. Several alternate
controls are available for cotton that would reduce the
use of large quantities of Insecticide, however. A de-
tailed static analysis revealed that selecting the most
economical control strategy for cotton in each growing
region resulted in an annual reduction in insect control
costs of $81 million and also reduced total insecticide
use by about 40%. A significant finding was that if
cotton production could be allowed to shift naturally in
the Nation, insecticide use and cotton production
costs would be greatly reduced.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Insect control, Costs, Eco-
nomic analysis, Agricultural chemistry, Agricultural ec-
onomics, Estimates, Strategies, Pest control, Corn,
Cotton plants, 'Economic impact, 'Environmental
impact.
PB80-145188 PC A05/MF A01
CO Hot Spot Preliminary Investigation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Gregg R. Service. Dec 77,86p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-13
The U.S. EPA determines emission level of automo-
biles through testing to estimate vehicle fleet emis-
sions which are often critical to local air quality plan-
ning. It is important therefore, that the test procedure
for determining vehicle emissions simulates, as accu-
rately as possible, the conditions existing in areas
where vehicle emissions are of major concern. The
purpose of this study was to generate preliminary data
on the effect of the following test variables on CO
emission test results: (1) Alternate soak times prior to
the '75 Federal Test Procedure (2) Alternate soak tem-
perature prior to the 75 Federal Test Procedure (3) Al-
ternate driving cycle. The directionality of these effects
was known from previous studies. In question was the
relative magnitude of each on emission levels of
recent production cars as well as pre-emission control
cars.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Carbon
monoxide, Fuel consumption, Performance evaluation,
Chrysler vehicles, General Motors vehicles, American
Honda vehicles, Plymouth Valiant automobiles, Chev-
rolet Impala automobiles, Honda CVCC Civic automo-
biles, Ford Motor vehicles, Ford Granada automobiles,
Motor vehicles(1970 models), Motor vehicles(1976
models).
PB80-145675 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Idaho Lakes.
Rept. for 21 Feb-11 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Dec 79,50p EPA-600/3-79-115
This Is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 13 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Idaho.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Sampling, Abundance, Classifications, Algae, Dia-
toms, Sites, Idaho, 'Eutrophication, Trophic level,
'Species diversity, Biolndlcators.
PB80-145683 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Impact of Proposed HDV Emission
Standards - Summary of Results. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Lois Platte. Dec 79,69p EPA-AA-TAEB-80-7
This report presents the results of the estimated air
quality Impact of the proposed 1984 heavy-duty vehi-
cle (HDV) emission standards for hydrocarbons and
CO. The proposed standards are based on a 90% re-
duction from the average emissions of the 1969 base-
line fleet. In addition to the proposed standards, a no
control case and two alternative control strategies
were Investigated. The assessment of the CO air qual-
ity impact of these scenarios was made using the
modified rollback model. Both the rollback model and
EKMA were used for projecting ozone. This report fo-
cuses on the mobile source data assumptions that
were used as input to the air quality assessment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust gases, Trucks, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, Air pollution
control, Tables(Data), Modified rollback model, EKMA
model.
PB80-145691 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In New Mexico
Lakes. Rept. for 21 Feb-11 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor,
and L. R. Williams. Dec 79,38p EPA-600/3-79-118
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 8 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of New
Mexico. Results from the calculation of several water
quality indices are also included (Nyqaard's Trophic
State Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and
species diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Sampling, Abundance, Classifications, Algae, Dia-
toms, Sites, New Mexico, 'Eutrophication, Trophic
level, 'Species diversity, Bioindicators.
PB80-145972 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Emission Test Methods for HateO*
nated Hydrocarbons. Volume II. CH2CI2, CH3CCI3-
CF2CICFCI2, and CH2BrCH2Br. Final rept., ,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Joseph E. Knoll, Mark A. Smith, and M. Rodney
Midgett. Jan 80, 50p EPA-600/4-80/003
See also Volume 1, PB-298 247.
A test method for halogenated hydrocarbons has b**1
evaluated and information is provided for the user.
Four compounds were investigated, methylene chlo-
ride, methyl chloroform, Freon 113 and ethylene diW0"
mide. Cylinder gases used for calibration and auditing
were tested for stability. Decreases in concentration 01
3-4% per month were observed. Tedlar and alufj^
nized Mylar containers were also tested. Tedlar bag*
were found to be superior, maintaining Freon 1 1 3 sarn-
pies stable for 10 days, methyl chloroform for 7 day*
methylene chloride for 6 days and ethylene dibronmo?
for 2 days, at room temperature. Heating caused oe-
creases in stabilities. Heated ethylene dibromide sam-
ples were more stable in aluminized Mylar than i»
Tedlar. A procedure was developed to remove P«rS5I
ent residues from Tedlar bags that had contacted hiO"
concentrations of halogenated hydrocarbons. lnforrn»j
tion is also included on gas chromatographic column*
for use In this method of analysis. '
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Halogen organic
pounds, 'Chloromethanes, Chemical analysis,
vents, Gas chromatography, Stability, Separswj"'
Concentration(Composltion), Laboratory
a
Sampling, Comparison, 'Ethane/trichloro, Fr**
113, 'Ethylene/dlbromo, 'Tedlar bags, 'Air pollufl2;
detection, 'Mylar containers, Ethane/trichloro-«f
fluoro, Procedures, Flame ionization detectors.
PB80-148103 PC A02/MF AOl
EPA and the Academic Community. Partners "»
Research: Solicitation for Qrant Proposals. _£
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. «*"
Office of Research and Development.
Jan 80, 12p EPA-600/8-80-010
See also report dated Dec 79, PB80-1 33564.
The Office of
rently provides assistance for mission relat
and development projects through headquarter* "^
15 major laboratories located throughout the VJJjgi,
"
/rfiW
with solving specific priority problems rather than ow
advancing basic scientific knowledge. However.
ploratory research as a basis for anticipating new p
lems and providing a sound basis for regulatory
sions is emphasized.
Keywords: 'Research management, *Un utlgfm,
Grants, Environments, Research projects, NJ"S0n,
government, Pollution, Waste disposal, Educw-
Environmental Protection Agency.
PB80-146283
Industrial Environmental Research
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Dec 79, 570p-in 1 5 repts „„< . Pa80-
Set Includes PB80-146301, PB80-146319,
146327, PB80-146335, PB8-146343. PB80-
PB80-146368, PB80-146376, PB80- 1 46384,
146392, PB80-146400, PB80-146418, PB80-i«
PB80-146434, and PB80-146442.
No abstract available.
828 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-U6301 PC A03/MF A01
wiustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH,
?J*tut Assessment of Toxic Chemical*: Acrylonl-
jni*. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
g- H. Tlerney, T. R. Blackwood, and G. E. Wilklns. Dec
J9.43p* EPA-600/2-79-210A
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146319. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
«lso available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
'"0293.
This report identifies the services and effects of envi-
th"Uental contaminators by acrylonitrile, as well as
«™ health hazards resulting from such contamination.
J^e Present manufacturing processes, uses, control
"[•hriologies, and regulatory actions are described,
and areas requiring further study are indicated.
Bywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Acrylonitriles,
ho iS?'08' industry. Elastomers, Assessments, Public
"eaitn, Pollution control, Technology, Regulations,
SM • ' Aorylonitrile copolymers, Forecasting, Manu-
trii .n9' Design, Process charting, Economics, Ni-
™as, MethacryTonitriles, Solid wastes, Water pollution,
*» Pollution, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants.
'880-148319 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Assessment of Toxic Chemical*: Arsenic.
nnal rept. 1 N0v-31 Dec 77,
T r> 8D,nto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
7i": olackwood, S. R. Archer, and T. K. Corwin. Dec
g; 47p* EPA-600/2-79-210B
§2"tractEPA-68-03-2550
r**81*) PB80-146301 and PB80-146327. Prepared in
n with PEDG°-Environmental' lno" Cincin-
in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
(jga|Pj'o*Jction, consumption, and uses of arsenic are
tam I,«i ln tnla report. Sources of environmental con-
Qu'"na"on by arsenic are Identified and the conse-
Ol 9uch Pollution explained. Better control
Sharon fre needed for both air emissions and dis-
contSS arsenic-containing wastewaters. Present
Which t65nnologies are listed as well as areas In
™n|Ch further study Is required.
js: 'Environmental surveys, 'Arsenic, 'Chemi-
<*ntroiUTtry' Assessments, Public health, Pollution
rechnoloy, Regulations, Forecasting, Manu-
Process charting, Economics, Solid
c,.. , ,
tjgj188. Water pollution, Air pollution, Physical proper-
Wlu pr°Perties' Sources, Utilization, Path of
a , PC A03/MF A01
OH. Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
Fln8i?eA,**dM'»>tnt o( Toxic Chemical*: Asbestos.
Nov-SlD
. ) earch Corp., Dayton, OH.
800/2.^1'. and T. R- Blackwood. Dec 77, 33p* EPA-
.-.
Alsoa'*°o!;B80-146319 and PB80-146335.
146893 ailable in set of 15 reP°rts PC E99, Pb80-
tne mini"9i millin9-
o f asbestos. Its major applications are in
!>»nt br»?ement Products, floor tiles, electrical equip-
r'Pairari IK Ilnin9*. and flame resistant compositions.
"fcstosia man health from industrial exposure to as-
°n the e««e knowrv Additional information is needed
« and I! • °' low 'ev6' asbestos concentrations in
"Ons and , present control technologies, regula-
"^whl, a'or sources of pollution are reportedand
nere ^formation is needed are indicated.
•i-^inicaj^'Environmental surveys, 'Asbestos,
!?n control"?U8»y. Assessments, Public health, Pollu-
2>«m, F_0J; Technology, Regulations, Electrical equip-
ft°r*ca8tinn .jesistant materials, Industrial hygiene,
SOonom' ,8' Manufacturing, Design, Process charting,
at*r oo?i'.«ake Iinin98- Cements, Solid wastes,
"Mutton, Air pollution, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pol-
lutants, Indoor air pollution.
PB80-14633S PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Benzene.
Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. C. Ochsner, T. R Blackwood, and L. D. Zeagler. Dec
79,50p* EPA-600/2-79-210D
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146327 and PB80-146343. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
Benzene is one of the most ubiquitous organic chemi-
cals, widely employed as a solvent, as a fuel compo-
nent, and for the synthesis of other organic chemicals.
This report details the emission of benzene from indus-
trial sources and from the largest source of all, the op-
eration of motor vehicles. Descriptions of the health
hazards of benzene exposure are included, and both
current and anticipated regulations are listed. The
report is concluded with recommendations of areas for
further study.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Benzene,
'Chemical industry, Assessments, Public health, Pollu-
tion control, Technology, Regulations, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Forecasting, Manufac-
turing, Design, Process charting, Economics, Exhaust
emissions, Motor vehicles, Solid wastes, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants.
PB80-146343 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic chemicals: Benzldlne.
Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
S. R. Archer, T. R. Blackwood, and N. P. Meserole.
Dec 79,31 p' EPA-800/2-79-210E
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146335 and P80-146350. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, P80-
146293.
The properties, sources, production processes, and
uses of benzidlne are reviewed in the report. Benzidlne
is a proven human carcinogen, and Its widespread use
as a dye intermediate has led to the high recurrence of
bladder cancer In that Industry. OS HA has Imposed
stringent workplace standards. Further information is
needed on benzidlne production and use to better
define necessary regulatory action.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical Indus-
try, Assessments, Public health, Pollution control,
Technology, Regulations, Industrial hygiene, Dyes,
Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design, Process charting,
Economics, Solid wastes, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants, 'Benzidlnes.
PB80-146350 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Cadmium.
Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH,
D. R. Tierney, T. R. Blackwood, and R. D. Willson. Dec
79,34p* EPA-600/2-79-210F
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also P80-146343 and PB80-146368. Prepared in
cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
The processing, uses, and properties of cadmium are
discussed in the report. The effects, major sources,
and amounts of cadmium pollutant are listed, along
with the control technology currently available. Regu-
latory actions to deal with the cadmium pollution prob-
lem are explained, and areas requiring further study
are identified.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Cadmium,
'Chemical industry, Assessments, Public health, Pollu-
tion control, Technology, Regulations, Electroplating,
Smelting, Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design, Proc-
ess charting, Economics, Solid wastes, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants, Heavy
metals.
PB80-146368 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Hexach-
lorobenzene. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
T. R. Blackwood, and T. G. Sipea. Dec 79,30p* EPA-
600/2-79-210G
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146350 and PB60-146376. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 r
146293.
reports PC E99, PB80-
The properties, production processes, uses, and emis-
sion sources for hexachlorobenzene are explained in
this report. The environmental effects, health hazards,
and current control technologies are discussed. The
problems of the longevity of the hexachlorobenzene
molecule and past hexachlorobenzene contamination
are discussed and areas requiring further study are
pointed out.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical indus-
try, Assessments, Public health, Pollution control,
Technology, Regulations, Pesticides, Forecasting,
Manufacturing, Design, Process charting, Economics,
Solvents, Chlorine organic compounds. Solid wastes.
Water pollution, Air pollution, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Benzene/hexachloro,
PB80-146376 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Lead.
Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. R. Tlerney, T. R. Blackwood, and T. M. Briggs. Dec
79,48p* EPA-600/2-79-210H
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146366 and PB80-U6384. Prepared In
cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Also available In set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
The uses of lead and the sources of lead pollution
(both natural and man-made) are Identified. Long-
range projections concerning the lead usage are made
and proposed new emissions standards are examined.
The current control technology Is explained and areas
for future study are delineated In the report.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Lead(Metal),
'Chemical Industry, Assessments, Public health, Pollu-
tion control, Technology, Regulations, Electric batter-
ies, Smelting,. Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design,
Process charting, Economics, Solid wastes, Water pol-
lution, Air pollution, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants.
PB80-146384 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Mercury.
Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. R. Tlerney, T. R Blackwood, and T. M. Briggs. Dec
79,37p* EPA-600/2-79-2101
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146376 and PBBO-146392. Prepared In
cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
This report lists the properties, production sources,
amounts, and uses of mercury. Mercury pollution fig-
ures, sources, health effects, environmental signifi-
cance, and control technologies are cited. Areas are
listed where information Is lacking or further study is
required.
December 1983 829
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Mercury, "Chem-
ical industry, Assessments, Public health, Pollution
control, Technology, Regulations, Smelting, Forecast-
ing, Manufacturing, Design, Process charting, Eco-
nomics, Solid wastes, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Sources, Uti-
lization, Path of pollutants.
PB80-146392 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Phos-
phates. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. C. Ochsner, and T. R. Blackwood. Dec 79,34p*
EPA-600/2-79-210J
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146384 and PB80-146400.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
Uses, sources, and quantities of phosphates are dis-
cussed in this report, with particular emphasis on the
problem of fresh water eutrophication. Recommended
standards and current control technologies are re-
viewed. Areas requiring further study are identified.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Inorganic phos-
phates, "Chemical industry, Assessments, Public
health, Pollution control, Technology, Regulations,
Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design, Process charting,
Economics, Solid wastes, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants, Eutrophication.
PB80-146400 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Polybro-
mlnated Blphenyls. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
S. R. Archer, T. R. Blackwood, and C. S. Collins. Dec
79,33p' EPA-600/2-79-210K
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146392 and PB80-146418.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146400.
The properties, uses, production processes and histo-
ry of polybrominated biphenyls are dealt with In this
report. The health and environmental hazards associ-
ated with polybrominated biphenyls are examined. Al-
though no longer produced in large quantities, regula-
tory action is necessary for the clean-up of residues
and for the control of any further production and use.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Chemical indus-
try, Bromine organic compounds, Assessments, Public
health, Pollution control, Technology, Regulations,
Textiles, Fire resistant materials, Forecasting, Manu-
facturing, Design, Process charting, Economics, Plas-
tics, Solid wastes, Water pollution, Air pollution, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Sources, Utiliza-
tion, Path of pollutants, * Polybrominated biphenyls.
PB80-146418 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Polynu-
clear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Final rept. 1 Nov-31
Dec 77.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
S. R. Archer, T. R. Blackwood, and Q. E. Wilkins. Dec
79,48p* EPA-600/2-79-210L
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB8-146400 and PB80-146426. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
This report identifies the origins, applications, environ-
mental effects, and health effects of polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons. Ways to reduce polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PNA) emissions and problems
associated with PNA derived effluents In the dye in-
dustry are discussed. Finally, various regulatory ac-
tions are listed and recommendations are made for
further areas of study.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Aromatic polycy-
cllc hydrocarbons, 'Chemical Industry, Assessments,
Public health, Pollution control, Technology, Regula-
tions, Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design, Process
charting, Economics, Dyes, Solid wastes, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants.
PB80-14S426 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Trlchlor-
oethylene. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. C. Ochsner, T. R. Blackwood, and W. C. Micheletti.
Dec 79,38p" EPA-600/2-79-210M
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146418 and PB80-146434. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
The production processes, uses, and properties of
trichloroethylene are revealed in this report. The
sources and amounts of trichloroethylene pollution are
identified as well as the health effects and environ-
mental significance. Current control technologies are
Identified, along with assessments on their cost and ef-
fectiveness. Recent regulatory actions are explained
and areas where further study is called for are identi-
fied.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Chemical indus-
try, Chlorine organic compounds, Assessments, Public
health, Pollution control, Technology, Regulations,
Forecasting, Manufacturing, Design, Process charting,
Economics, Textile industry, Food industry, Solid
wastes, Water pollution, Air pollution, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Sources, Utilization, Path of
pollutants, "Ethylene/trichloro.
PB80-146434 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Trls(2,3-
Dlbromopropyl) Phosphate. Final rept. 1 Nov-31
L/GC if>
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH
S, R. Archer, T. R. Blackwood, and P. J. Murin. Dec 79,
27p* EPA-600/2-79-210N
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146426 and PB80-146442. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB80-
146293.
The properties, production processes, and uses of tris
(2,3-Dibromopropyl) phosphate (otherwise known as
tris) are listed. Current control technology is dis-
cussed along with potential sources of environmental
contamination by tris. Possible effects on children al-
ready exposed to tris are indicated, a history of the reg-
ulation of tris is given, and areas in which information is
lacking are identified.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Chemical indus-
try, Bromine organic compounds, Assessments, Public
health, Pollution control, Technology, Regulations, Or-
ganic phosphates, Forecasting, Manufacturing,
Design, Process charting, Economics, Textiles, Fire re-
sistant materials, Solid wastes, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Sources, Utilization, Path of pollutants, "Phosphoric
acid/tris(dibromo-(propyl-ester)).
PB80-146442 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Status Assessment of Toxic Chemicals: Vinylh
dene Chloride. Final rept. 1 Nov-31 Dec 77,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. R. Tierney, T. R. Blackwood, and M. R. Piana. Dec
79, 37p* EPA-600/2-79-210O
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also PB80-146434. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, P80-
146293.
This report details the uses and the technology em-
ployed to control emissions of vinylldene chloride.
Data on vinylldene chloride emissions and their
sources are given, as well as information dealing with
the effects of exposure to vinylldene chloride. Finally,
regulatory actions and areas requiring further study are
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, * Vinylldene i cNo-
ride resins, "Chemical industry, Heat resistant Pla°"V
Assessments, Public health, Pollution control, •«•
nology, Regulations, Forecasting,
Design, Process charting, Economics, Solid "•JJ^T
Water pollution, Air pollution, Physical prop8""*"
Chemical properties, Sources, Utilization.
PB80-146459 PC A05/MF **?
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincm™"1
OH- j _.,i.(i« to
Use of Green-Manure Amendments and TliwPV
Improve Mlnesoll Productivity. Final rept. J"'
Dec 78, . u,,ro
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., BlacksDura.
Dept. of Horticulture.
Timothy Opeka, and Ronald Morse. Dec 79, 1
6, EPA-600/7-79-257 .i-n
Prepared in cooperation with Science and Educa«
Administration, Washington, DC.
During two years the effects of various gree
crops and tillage regimes on an acid coal mir
a calcareous coal minesoil were analyzed win
to a number of their physical, chemical, and t
properties. Prior to initiation of the experirr
acid minesoil had a poor cover of sericea I
and KY-31 fescue whereas the calcareous """---d
had an excellent cover. Increased depth of tillage %_
incorporation of green manure crops plus lime w"
tions (acid minesoil) tended to enhance min*J°"JJ|1L
ductivity by improving some of the physical and c""lj
cal characteristics of these reclaimed surface-rni»"r
areas. It appeared that water infiltration was, «(ae?Lnt
indirectly, the most influential factor affecting P"»
growth and minesoil properties.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Farm crops, "Soil!
ties, "Land reclamation, Plant growth, Acidity, F _„
tion, Surface mining, Cultivation, Fluid infiltration, wjf
cium oxides, Fertilizers, Salinity, Humus, Moisture t»
tent, Nitrogen, Zinc, Green manure, "Revegetaw.
"Mine soils. <
PB80-146509 PC A03/MF *f>J
Program Requirements Memoranda: munwjFjr
Wastewater Treatment Works Construfiw'
Grants Program, Supplement Number 9. Technics
rept. nr
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, "";
Office of Water Program Operations. ,. *"
Jan80,38pEPA/MCD-02.9
See also Supplement no. 8, PB-298 697.
This Handbook contains the replacement
policy directive after the Manual of References (
02) was published. This represents the ninth in a s
of Program Requirements Memoranda.
Keywords: "Municipalities, "Sewage treatment
"Grants, Handbooks, Cost analysis, Construe^-.
Substitutes, Policies, Regulations, "Sewage treatro"
plants.
PB80-146707 PC A03/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn •»
angle Park, NC. , 1U.-||
Executive Summary for Full-Scale Dual-AiJT.
Demonstration System at Louisville Gas and tw»-
trlc Co. - Final Design and System Cost. ReP'-'
Sep 76-Mar 79,
Louisville Gas and Electric Co., KY. , „..
R. P. Van Ness, R. C. Somers, R. C. Weeks, T. Fran*.
and G. J. Ramans. Sep 79,37p EPA-600/7-79-221A
Contract EPA-68-02-2189 . M
See also PB-278 722 and PB80-146715. Prepare" w
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. Prepared n wf
operation with Combustion Equipment Associaw'
Inc., New York.
The report describes phase 2 of a 4-phase demons'*
tion program Involving the dual alkali process Wo«<
trolling §02 emissions from Unit 6, a coal-fired bO"«"
at Louisville Gas and Electric Co.'s Cane Run Station;
The program consists of four phases: (1) prel"™™"'
design and cost estimation; (2) engineering "•"El
construction, and mechanical testing; (3) startup B'"j
performance testing; and (4) 1 -year operation and w»
programs. The report describes final engine*™'*
design, construction and mechanical testing, ano.j,n
stalled system capital cost. Construction of the ay*™?.,
was completed in February 1979 and system startup
830 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
for thn L^d ln March 1979- Total capital investment
rnatert £ ilre.Plant' '"eluding waste disposal, is esti-
disnoLi , b<^20'4 Billion (construction of the waste
posal facilities is not complete).
reAS: ^Air Portion control equipment, 'Scrub-
bine On P°llu?lon control, Sulfur dioxide, Gas serub-
*FluBn=r,,estlniates' Design, *Dual alkali scrubbing,
6 9as desulfurization, Coal fired power plants.
. PCA06/MFA01
"yironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
LouifSmf /Pual"Alka" Demonstration System at
System £ as and Electric Co. - Final Design and
kwT s. Sep 79, 1 06p EPA-600/7-79-221 B
Si™act|PA-68-02-2189
ftc aJ?° PB80-1 46707. Prepared by Little (Arthur D.),
CombT«mbnd-9e' MA- Prepared in cooperation with
noustion Equipment Associates, Inc., New York.
Son rfr£°,rt dssci*es phase 2 of a 4-phase demonstra-
trollinn8,?m lnvo'ving the dual alkali process for con-
at i nL,92 emissions from Unit 6, a coal-fired boiler
The nrno s Gas and Electric Co.'s Can Run Station.
desinn F^m insists of four phases: (1) preliminary
construct?,? cost estirna«on; (2) engineering design,
Perform on' and mechanical testing; (3) startup and
Prooram Cttestin9'' and <4> 1-year operation and test
oram '
desian reP°rt describes final engineering
stalled'., nstruction and mechanical testing, and in-
*as rnm8?8"1 caPital cost. Construction of the system
*as SSfa?!,ted in February 1979 and system startup
f d ln March 1979. Total capital investment
for th«
.
t H'e plant' including waste disposal, is esti-
$20-4 "Mori (Construction of the waste
ities is not complete).
: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
' ? Pollution control, Sulfur dioxide, Gas scrub-
'B* ^estimates, Design, "Dual alkali scrubbing,
988 desulfurization, Coal fired power plants.
ustri
OH. Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
_Proc««
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sintering furnaces, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Air pollution control, Iron and steel Indus-
try, Combustion products, Particles, Hydrocarbons,
Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Construction, Con-
struction costs, Operating costs, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Windbox gas reclrculation systems, Gas sweet-
ening processes.
PB80-147069 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Reseach Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Elutriate Test Evaluation of Chemically Stabilized
Waste Materials. Final rept. Aug 76-Aug 77,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Douglas W. Thompson. Aug 79, 73p EPA-600/2-79-
154
A distilled water shake test, the elutriate test, was de-
veloped and tested to provide a fast, simple, proce-
dure for predicting the escape of pollutants from treat-
ed and untreated sludges. The preliminary test con-
sisted of subjecting various treated and untreated flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) and industrial waste sludges
to the elutriate test procedure and measuring the
levels of a wide variety of constituents In the elutriate
and comparing these with analyses of digested
sludges. The resulting data are presented as percent
attenuation and a comparison is made between treat-
ed and untreated wastes. The shortterm elutriate test
results were compared to results of a longterm leach-
ing test using the same treated and untreated sludges.
The results suggest that the elutriate test may be
useful in predicting the pollutant potential of various
treated or untreated wastes. Further research and
modifications are suggested to improve the predictive
value of the test.
Keywords: 'Sludge, 'Air pollution control, 'Solid waste
disposal, Leaching, Stability, Encapsulation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Solid wastes, 'Elutri-
ate test, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB80-147077 PC A08/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sammls Generating Station: Meeting 802 and Par-
tlculat* Standard* with Cleaned Ohio Coal*. Final
rept. Mar-Jul 79,
Teknekron Research, Inc., Berkeley, CA. Energy and
Environmental Systems Dlv.
Gladys Sassier. Jan 80,103p EPA-600/7-80-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3092
ed to the control of air pollutants emitted by a large
coal-burning plant In eastern Ohio. The plant not only
has had a history of severely exceeding Ohio's State
Implementation Plan (SIP) paniculate emission limit,
but also its SO2 emissions have exceeded the limit of
Ohio's forthcoming SIP. An important issue is the
extent to which compliance with the SIP will promote
the plant's switching from Ohio coals to Southern Ap-
palachian coals (which produce fewer paniculate and
SO2 emissions) and the consequent disruption to
Ohio's coal mining Industry. Addressing this Issue, the
report examines the plant's historical coal usage, the
production and characteristics of Ohio and Southern
Appalachian coals, the relevance of coal-sulfur varia-
bility, and the feasibility and implications of producing
and burning cleaned Ohio coals as a strategy for com-
plying with Ohio's SIP. The report discusses factors
that will affect the relative economics of burning
cleaned Ohio coals at the plant. The report indicates
that, by burning cleaned Ohio coals, the plant's largest
and newest units (constituting 60% of the plant's total
capacity) can increase their consumption of Ohio coal
by 50-100%, depending on the characteristics of the
coals and the cleaning processes used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Particles, Ohio, Coal mining, Coal prepara-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Feasibili-
ty, Regulations, Electric power plants, Cost analysis,
•Air pollution abatement, 'Coal fired power plants, *W
H Sammis generating station, State implementation
plans.
PB80-147283 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Sources and Transports of Coal In the Duluth-Su-
parior Harbor. Research rept.,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Michael Sydor, and Kirby Stortz. Jan 80,87p EPA-
600/3-80-007
Grant EPA-R803952
Dispersion of participates from an ORTRAN coal
transshipment facility was investigated to estimate the
input of coal dust into the Duluth harbor and to deter-
mine the transport of coal particulates to Lake Superi-
or. A numerical model was used to discuss dispersal of
contaminants and determine the residence time of pol-
lutants in the water way. The model was verified using
measurements of water levels, currents and water
quality parameters.
Keywords: 'Coal dust, 'Water pollution, Cargo ships,
Dispersing, Mathematical models, Particles, Stream
flow, Mass transfer, Hydrodynamics, Settling,
Wind(Meteorology), Air pollution, Water traffic, Lake
Superior, 'Duluth Harbor.
PB80-147317 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design Criteria for Stationary Source Catalytic
Combustion Systems. Final rept. Jun 75-Aug 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. P. Kesselring, W. V. Krill, H. L Atkins, R. M. Kendall,
and J. T. Kelly. Aug 79,457p 78-278, EPA-600/7-79-
181
Contract EPA-68-02-2116
The report gives results of an investigation of the appli-
cability of catalytic combustion to stationary gas tur-
bine, boiler, and furnace systems, identifying system
operating characteristics and potential tor NOx emis-
sions reduction. An experimental program was con-
ducted to develop catalyst materials and combustor
concepts with useful heat extraction.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Catalytic converters, Gas turbines, Boilers, Furnaces,
Catalysis, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Surfaces, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Tests, Stationary
sources.
PB80-147366 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Air Pro-
grams Branch.
The Societal Costs of Congestion In New York
City, with Appendices. Final rept.,
Citizens for Clean Air, Inc., New York.
Brian T. Ketcham, Stan Pinkwas, and Stephen F.
Wilder. Dec 79,193p EPA-902/4-79-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2860
The report is a study of the problem of vehicular con-
gestion on the Island of Manhattan with emphasis on
Its Central Business District. It defines the nature of
Manhattan's congestion, traces its growth over the
past century, assesses its costs, and evaluates various
abatement strategies. The approach is in the manner
of a case study of the impact of street congestion on
the economic, social and environmental health of the
city's residents. Abatement strategies considered in-
clude several dealing with traffic management and
goods movement, uniform bridge tolls, free transit fare
zones, and the development of extensive pedestrian
areas.
Keywords: 'Vehicular traffic, 'Urban transportation,
Traffic engineering, Air pollution, Accidents, Cost anal-
ysis, Environmental impacts, Policies, Toll bridges,
New York, New York City(New York).
PB60-147432 PC A12/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Metals, 1976, from the Nation-
al Air Surveillance Networks. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Rhodes, D. H. Fair, J. E. Frazer, S. J. Long, and
W. A. Loseke. Aug 79,272p EPA-600/4-79-054
See also report dated Oct 78, PB-293 106.
Paniculate pollutant data gathered during calendar
year 1976 by the cooperating stations of the National
Air Surveillance Networks (NASN) provide the basis
for listing the urban and nonurban concentrations of 11
metallic ions in suspended paniculate matter. The data
are presented as a composite concentration value for
each site for each of the four quarters of the calendar
year; a yearly average is reported whenever valid data
for all four quarters are obtained. In this report ovsraH
national summaries are compared for the years i»
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
r°" '"dudes operational paniculate scrubbers. The
^1°" Presents a survey of utility flue gas desulfuriza-
£" (rtiD) systems in the U.S. It summarizes informa-
ars ,£? , buted bV the utility industry, process suppli-
firrnc, \i atorv agencies, and consulting engineering
on"8- systems are tabulated alphabetically by devel-
DUmSi 8tatus (operational, under construction, or in
Proco«9 Sta9es). "fifty company, process supplier,
It or« was'e disposal practice and regulatory class.
orWLv s data on system design, fuel sulfur content,
n EPA national data banks (STORET, SAROAD)
cant ^2alyzed- Statistical tests which detect signifi-
llzort *"«ranoes between two populations were uti-
snow frends in both air and water quality. The
and severity of stream pollutants were deter-
re|ating parameter concentrations to Water
. dicator OW01) values on a numerical scale
? 10°- The status and severity of air pollutants
Lcontinues to be a direct measure of air quality
d and alert level exceedences.
troo*°rds: *Air pollution, 'Water pollution, Trends, Ml-
O,**". Phosphorus, Bacteria, Dissolved gases,
Coffi .. PH' Suspended sediments,
Ternnlntratlon(Composition), Ammonia, Turbidity,
SouSrr,ature. Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
9?kota. Utah, Wyoming, 'Region 8, 'Water
Air quality, Total dissolved solids, Air pollution
™ater pollution sampling, Storage and re-
ta> Stora9e and retrieval 0<
PC A06/MF A01
CrttoH of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Dtv. of
/U£? and Standards
diorn*»m«nt of Waste Management
MlToc ??•*• Technical note,
t of Volatile Ra-
,
., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
anJ ft, Altomare, Marcel Barbier, Norman Lord, and
?«niei Nainan. May 79, 125p MTR-7719, ORP/CSD-
foJtd°pi"Tient presents a review of the technologies
lodinf ?e management of the volatile radionuclides of
w 29' Krypton-85, Tritium, and Carbon-14. The
. radionuclides as are produced in the nuclear
ln<™stry. The various technologies as may be
> or which are under Investigation, to immobilize
nuclides and to contain them during storage,
pin disposal are discussed. Also, the alternative dls-
»Ctttaptlons as may be applied to isolate these radio-
^ ye waste from the human environment are present-
: KrvPton 85, 'Tritium, 'Carbon 14, Radio-
in .waste processing, Technology assessment,
J* »otopes, Volatility, 'Radioactive waste man-
"*nt, 'iodine 129, Radioactive waste storage, Ra-
waste disposal.
PC A14/MF A01
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-148240 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Soil Development and Nitrates In Mlnesoil. Final
rept. Aug 76-Sep 78,
Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, Laramie.
P. C. Singleton, and D. A. Barker. Dec 79,54p EPA-
600/7-79-253
Sponsored in part by Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, DC.
Samples of minesoils from 16- and 40-year-old mine
spoil piles were analyzed in the laboratory for various
chemical and physical properties to ascertain to what
extent the material have been influenced by pedogenic
processes during their relatively brief time of exposure.
Nitrate levels in the minesoils were also measured to
determine if a potential hazard exists. Results of the
study indicated that both the 16- and 40-year-old mate-
rials showed signs of incipient soil development. The
data also showed that nitrate levels in the minesoils
are higher than in adjacent undisturbed native soils.
Keywords: 'Spoil, 'Soils properties, Coal mines, Soil
analysis, Inorganic nitrates, Weathering, Soil texture,
pH, Silts, Clay soils, Sands, Conductivity, Calcium car-
bonates, Sodium, Soil profiles, Wyoming.
PB80-148273 MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Model Predictions and Consump-
tive Water Use of Closed Cycle Cooling Systems.
Final rept. Mar-Jul 78,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Jerome B. Strauss. Nov 78,207p EPA-600/7-78-206
Contract EPA-68-02-2618
Available in microfiche only because of poor quality.
The report gives results of a comparison of field-data-
derived water evaporation rates with predictive modal
values for cooling towers and cooling ponds at steam-
electric generating plants. The Leung Moore cooling
tower model and five cooling pond models (Harbeck
and Marciano; Harbeck; Harbeck, Koberg, and
Hughes; Meyer; and Brady et al.) were used in the
study. Plant data from 13 utilities (16 cooling tower sys-
tems and 7 cooling ponds) and for 5 water resource re-
gions were utilized. For the water resource regions in-
cluded in the study, ponds generally exhibited higher
consumptive water use than towers.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, "Water consumption,
Evaporation, Ponds, Lakes, Evaporation, Mathemati-
cal models, Electric power plants, Field tests, Compar-
ison, Water pollution control, Computer programs,
'Cooling ponds, Consumptive use.
PB80-148299 MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Synoptic Meteorology and Air Quality Patterns In
the St Louis RAPS Program. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Elmer Robinson, and Richard J. Boyle. Jan 80,98p
EPA-600/4-80-001
Grant EPA-805142
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
An objective, statistical synoptic weather map classifi-
cation scheme developed by Lund to stratify map pat-
terns for further study was used to type regional weath-
er patterns. The investigation extended over a 500-
mile radius of .the greater St. Louis area and was in-
tended for subsequent application to air pollution stud-
ies. This analysis correlated sea level pressure data at
21 selected National Weather Service stations at a
specified time on a given day, with sea level pressures
for these same stations on each of the other days in
the four-year period 1973 through 1976. To illustrate
the potential usefulness of this method to air quality
and synoptic weather relationships, a preliminary com-
parison of the weather typing system to suspended
particles and carbon monoxide concentrations was
also made.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Synoptic meteorology, Met-
ropolitan areas, Atmospheric pressure, Seasonal vari-
ations, Carbon monoxide, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorological charts,
Missouri, Total suspended particulates, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Atmospheric dispersion, Central
Region(United States), Eastern Region(United States).
PB60-148455 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 3.
Cost Curves Applicable to 2,500 gpd to 1 mgd
Treatment Plants. Final rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
Sigurd P. Hansen, Robert C. Gumerman, and Russell
L. Gulp. Aug 79,198p EPA-600/2-79-162C
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
See also Volume 1, PB80-139819.
This report discusses unit processes and combina-
tions of unit processes that are capable of removing
contaminants included in the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Construction and oper-
ation and maintenance cost curves are presented for
99 unit processes that are considered to be especially
applicable to contaminant removal. The report is divid-
ed into four volumes. Volume 3 includes cost curves
applicable to flows of 2,500 gpd to 1 mgd. For each
unit process included in this report, conceptual de-
signs were formulated, and construction costs were
then developed using the conceptual designs.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water treatment, Con-
struction costs, Potable water, Operating costs, Main-
tenance, Activated carbon treatment, Chlorination,
Ozonation, Filtration, Ion exchanging, Osmosis, Pump-
ing, Sludge disposal, Qraphs(Cnarts), Tables(Data),
Reverse osmosis.
PB80-148S62 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Two Turbocharged Diesel Volks-
wagen Rabbits. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Edward A. Barth, and James M, Kranig. Oct 79,54p
EPA-AA-TAEB-80-4
The EPA was requested to test two Volkswagen Rab-
bits with turbocharged Diesel engines by the U.S. De-
partment of Transportation. These were research vehi-
cles which coupled turbochargers to small displace-
ment Diesel engines with the objective of maintaining
the fuel efficiency of the Diesel with a power output si-
miliar to that of equal displacement gasoline engines.
The DOT requested testing by the EPA as the EPA has
the capability to assess the vehicle performance and
emission levels. There has been limited experience in
testing turbocharged Diesel engines. A small displace-
ment Diesel with a matched turbocharger were to be
evaluated by the EPA in terms of performance, fuel
economy, paniculate emissions, and gaseous emis-
sions. These vehicles offered the opportunity of evalu-
ating an automotive engine which may indicate the di-
rection the auto industry will take in the future in an
effort to minimize harmful emissions, maximize fuel
economy and maintain current vehicle performance.
This test program was run during the period of Febru-
ary 1977 to May 1978.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Diesel engines, Perform-
ance evaluation, Exhaust emissions. Fuel consump-
tion, Superchargers, Turbomachinery, Volkswagen
Rabbit automobiles, Volkswagen vehicles.
PB80-148703 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Spatial Distribution and Temperature Selection of
Fish Near the Thermal Outfall of a Power Plant
During Fall, Winter, and Spring,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
M. J. Ross, and D. B. Siniff. Jan 80,131p EPA-600/3-
80-009
Contract EPA-68-03-2145, Grant EPA-R-804997010
The movement patterns of 4 fish species: yellow perch
(Perca flavescens), northern pike (Esox lucius), large-
mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and walleye (Sti-
zostedion vitreum) were monitored by radio telemetry
near the thermal discharge of a power plant (delta t
15C nominal). Fish movements relative to depth, tem-
perature, center of the home range, discharge point,
and release location are examined. Near thermally al-
tered areas northern pike exhibited the greatest
amount of movement followed by yellow perch, wal-
leye and largemouth bass. Except for largemouth
bass, thermal experience was found to be transitory.
An overall mean winter temperature selection of 5.4C
was determined for yellow perch. While only in the
thermally altered area yellow perch had a slightly
higher mean thermal experience, 6.3C. Yellow perch
were not found to be attracted from the surrounding
areas into the heated waters of the discharge bay
during the cooler months.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Animal
'Thermal pollution, 'Cooling water, Monitoring,
Bass, Motion, Animal migrations'
Distribution(Property), Temperature measurement.
Seasonal variations, Depth, Electric power piw-
Radio tracking, Radio telemetry, Animal behavior.
PB80-148752 PC A03/MF Apl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. ,.
SASOL: South Africa's OH from Coal Story-pac't
ground for Environmental Assessment. Final rep1-
Jul-Aug 79,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div.,
Beach, CA.
J. L. Anastasi. Jan 80, 41 p EPA-600/8-80-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
The report describes the world's only oil-from-eoaj
plant, known as SASOL, operated by South Africa
since 1955. When almost $7 billion worth of expansion
is completed in the early 1980s, three SASOL plane
will produce a total of 1 12,000 barrels of oil per day, °'
about half of South Africa's needs. Production cosw
average $17 per barrel, well below the 1979 Or-cw
price of more than $20 per barrel. South African mow
ists pay about $2.40/gallon ($0.63/liter) of gasoline?!
the pump. SASOL converts to liquid fuels in two steps-
(1) the coal is gasified with oxygen and steam unoe
pressure to yield a mixture of reactive gases, ana (ft
after being cleaned of impurities, the mixture is pe*rT
over an iron-based catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch symw;
sis units to produce liquid fuels. SASOL's operatipnis
helped by South Africa's abundance of cheap law
and low cost coal. The U.S., like South Africa, has va»j
coal reserves. Although comparisons are difficui'.',
has been estimated that oil could not be pr°d.uc!j
from coal in the U.S. for less than $27 per barrel ano
perhaps as much as $45. The South African system'"
the only commercially proven process for the Proa::l
lion of synthetic liquid fuels. The report provides sorw
of the background on a process that will receive nig"
priority for environmental assessment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal liquids. As-
sessments, Coal gasification, Design criteria, P6'
ance evaluation, Fluidized bed combustors, Air
tion, Solid waste disposal, Chemical comp
Beds(Process engineering), Comaprison, South
"Foreign technology, *SASOL process, JCoal HO"8'
faction.
PB80-1 48802 PC A03/MF AOl
Paniculate Control Highlights: Recent Develop-
ments In Japan. Rept. for May-Jul 79, Tri
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research i"
angle Park, NC. . a
Dennis C. Drehmel, Charles H. Gooding, and Grady °'
Nichols. Nov 79, 50p* EPA-600/8-79-031A ith
See also PB-276 643. Prepared in cooperation w™1
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, r**1
and Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
The report describes results of visits to .o
assess research and development of new particular
control technology, and to evaluate the applicability o>
the Aut-Ainer particulate control device to diesel ""
gines. New technology observed includes h
systems for coke oven charging and pushing, f
emissions control in a Q-BOP furnace building,
electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), magnetic aeP,l
tors, and hybrid control devices. Fugitive emissions are
well controlled in two iron and steel plants visi{f,g
Novel ESPs utilize approaches such as wide p»"
spacing, advanced charging systems, and ,K
cooled collection electrodes. Magnetic separators are
currently used for water pollution control and are ur!a!!,
consideration for air pollution control. The Aut-Airw'
device has evolved from an experimental approacft w
the device development stage over several years, i "*
device currently has limited applicability to particular
control from diesel engines; however, its basic coll*''
tion characteristics seem to be based on sound princi'
pies. With limited additional development in the a60?/
al area of removing the previously collected material,
the device appears promising.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles,
static precipitators, Technology assessment, Iron aria
steel industry, Magnetic separators, Industrial wastes,
834 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tecihbtl|StiCln products' D'esel engines, Japan, 'Foreign
PB80-149305 PC A02/MF A01
C«» ,3 Ol One Gasoline-Fueled Engine Line
n,°1lparln9 Emission Results Between 1969 En-
du«* I™ 1979 Engines on Three Test Proce-
2!™»: The Heavy-Duty Transient Engine Teet, the
gJWvy-Duty 9-Mode Engine Test, and the Llght-
fW, Truck Chassis Test. Technical rept.,
Sta7?nmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
vS?8™8 Development and Support Branch.
Clemrn8nS' and Timotny p' Cox' Jul 79' 20p
EPA 1?77 Amendments to the Clean Air Act mandated
ft-irw set new emission standards for heavy-duty
19aiVTu'des or en9iries <°r ™°dal years 1983 and
rorJ. Tnese new standards were to represent a per-
J^wge reduction 'from the average of the actually
va?? , rad emission from heavy-duty gasoline-fueled
mnrti or engines...manufactufed during the baseline
termfn ye!r-' E^A .nas initiated a testing program to de-
arar!I • e baseline emission levels. The testing pro-
jf'am includes multiple transient tests on each base-
tha ..9lne' during which emissions are measured by
CVs » ."ow venturi constant volume sample CFS-
clurt cnnia.ue. Additional testing on each engine in-
_j"J»S the current 9-mode certification procedure
•wined to use the CVS bag procedure.
uim« s: Truck engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Gas-
Si™ enQines, Fuel consumption, Air pollution, Per-
tajS?n?? evaluation, Heavy duty trucks, Light duty
oiTT8,'Gasoline engines(1969 models), Gasoline en-
«'nes(i 979 models).
?2?k"1495S2 PC A04/MF A01
<«chnical Assistance Document for the Callbra-
EnSL Ambl«nt Ozone Monitors. Final rept,
Trian inmental Monitorir>9 and Support Lab., Research
Richal?far^- NC.
ppi ™JJJ- Paur, and Frank F. McElroy. Sep 79,72p
tpA-600/4-79-057
bjBFr?br.uary, 1979, EPA revised certain parts of the am-
5o]Jair pollution monitoring regulations (40 CFR Part
tj.'^PPendlx D) to specify a new procedure for calibra-
baJ^.! ambierrt ozone analyzers. The new procedure is
sr?a!J on ultraviolet (UV) absorption photometry, and
a,St"§s in detail the UV photometer, other apparatus,
_J> the procedure necessary for establishing quasi-
^•"nary ozone concentration standards derived from
This TWn absorption coefficient of ozone at 254 nm.
Provirt • ioal Assistance Document is intended to
aoo • ln'orrnation and assistance to State monitoring
Hsncies and other organizations which must use the
Tho Procedure to calibrate ambient ozone analyzers.
TO first section of ,ne documerit is a discussion of ab-
^P«on photometry, with emphasis on the transmit-
2 r»?m.easurement and measurement errors. Section
step-by-step explanatory information and
. ad to each paragraph of the procedure.
3 discusses UV photometers specifically, their
cr»n and operational characteristics, and several
^"irnercially available models.
'Air pollution, 'Photometers, 'Ozone,
'rating, 'Gas analysis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
ConST' Performance evaluation, Error analysis,
Cho • tfationfComposition), Laboratory equipment,
al analv8is' *Air Pollution detection, Proce-
PC A99/MF A01
P^i"u.nr'iental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
/"^sion Control Technology Div.
ChioX 0< Emissions From Passenger Cars In Six
A S**- Volume A. Final rept.,
ThrS!?otive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
rVWnas C. Be)ma. Jan 79,868p EPA-460/3-78-011-A
Volume B, PB80-149818.
a aii8 ** flrst °' t*0 volumes presenting results from
of exhaust emission and fuel economy tests
ed on a representative sample of vehicles in
cities-Data presented in the following sections
d in appendix form as part of a contract
to perform work for the FY 77 Passenger
, emission Factor Program. Volume A includes a
nnicai discussion of test and data handling proce-
, laboratory facility descriptions, and test instru-
ment maintenance and calibration practices. Pertinent
data concerning vehicle sample composition and re-
sults of Federal Test Procedure, Highway Fuel Econo-
my and Federal Short Cycle Tests are also presented.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Diesel engines, Spark ignition engines,
Performance evaluation, Maintenance, Air pollution,
Standards, Tables(Data). Illinois, Colorado, Texas,
Missouri, District of Columbia, Arizona,
Chicago(lllinois), Denver(Colorado), Houston(Texas),
Phoenix(Arizona), Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB80-149818 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
A Study of Emissions From Passenger Cars In Six
Cities. Volume B. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., inc., Aurora, CO.
Jan 79,872p EPA-460/3-78-011B
Contract EPA-68-03-2593
See also Volume A, PB80-149800.
This is the second of two volumes presenting results
from a series of exhaust emission and fuel economy
tests performed on a representative sample of vehi-
cles in six U.S. cities. Data presented in the following
sections are generated in appendix form as part of a
contract with the EPA to perform work for the FY 77
Passenger Car Emission Factor Program. Volume B in-
cludes the balance of individual vehicle data derived
from the Two Speed Idle and Federal Three Mode
tests. It also includes the results of Vehicle Driveability
Evaluations, Maladjustment and Disablement Inspec-
tions, tire inspections and a listing of comparative mile-
age data. Information presented in Volume B should
not be interpreted without the benefit of additional de-
scriptive data presented in Volume A as both volumes
comprise the results of a single work effort and are not
intended to be considered separately.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Diesel engines, Spark ignrftpn engines,
Performance evaluation, Maintenance, Air pollution,
Standards, Tables(Data), Illinois, Colorado, Texas,
Missouri, District of Columbia, Arizona,
Chicago(lllinois), Denver(Colorado), HoustonfTexas),
Phoenix(Arizona), Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB80-149883 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Partlculate Sampling and Support: Final Report.
Executive Summary. Rept. for Nov 75-Nov 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Kenneth M. Gushing. Nov 79,50p SORI-EAS-79-415,
EPA/600/2-79-114A
See also PB-299 213.
The report summarizes results of research, develop-
ment, and support tasks performed during the 3-year
period of the contract. The tasks encompassed many
aspects of paniculate sampling and measurement in
industrial gaseous process and effluent streams.
Under this contract cascade impactors were calibrated
and evaluated; novel particle sampling cyclones were
designed and evaluated; technical and procedures
manuals were prepared for control device evaluation
and particle sampling methods; an electrostatic precip-
itator backup was designed for high flow rate systems;
and advanced concepts in monitoring particle mass
and size, using optical systems, were evaluated. A de-
tailed examination ol the results of this contract is con-
tained in the basic report, EPA-600/1-79-114, (PB-299
213).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Air pollution control, Particle size, Sampling, Impac-
tors, Electrostatic precipitators, Cyclone separators,
Air filters, Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution sam-
pling. Fabric filters, Cascade impactors.
PB80-149891 PC A02/MF A01
Partlculate Control Highlights: Research at High
Temperature/Pressure,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dennis C. Drehmel, and James H. Abbott. Dec 79,25p
EPA/600/8-79/031B
The report gives highlights of EPA high-temperature
and high-pressure programs aimed at demonstrating
control technology to meet environmental standards
for the ambient concentration of particles and the
emission rate of particles from new sources. Among
the control devices considered in the EPA programs
were cyclones, granular bed filters, dry scrubbers,
molten scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs),
ceramic bag filters, and other (non-bag) ceramic filters.
Advantages and disadvantages of the devices involve
parameters such as simplicity of operation, materials
problems, inability to collect submicron particles, diffi-
culty in regenerating the collection media, and those
related to cost, including size and pressure drop. Since
these advantages and disadvantages can be weighed
differently, according to the needs of a specific appli-
cation, it is not possible to give universal conclusions.
However, if the most important consideration is control
of submicron particles, ceramic filters are foremost. Al-
though paniculate control equipment can be demon-
strated to have high collection efficiency in some appli-
cations, extreme conditions of temperature, pressure,
or both pose special problems. The need for control at
extreme condition arises in metallurgical operations
and advanced energy processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators, Cyclone separa-
tors, Air filters, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Design, Granular bed filters, Fabric filters.
PB80-149933 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA/IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 2 Sam-
pling and Analysis of Selected Reduced Inorganic
Compounds. Final rept. Oct 76-Jun 79,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. G. Beimer, H. E. Green, and J. R. Denson. Nov 79,
131pEPA-600/2-79-199
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
See also report dated Feb 79, PB-293 800.
The report describes Level 2 sampling and analysis
procedures for determining emission rates of specific
reduced inorganic compounds, including metal and
non-metal hydrides, sulfides, carbonyls, and elements.
For the report, a reduced inorganic compound is a
metal or non-metal that is bound to hydrogen (in its
zero valence state) or to carbon. It includes a literature
review identifying (1) industries where reduced inor-
ganic compounds are likely to be found, and (2) sam-
pling and analysis methods previously used to Identify
and quantitate inorganic compounds. The literature
review identifies sampling methods that have been ap-
plied to reduced inorganic compounds and analysis
techniques that can identify compound structure,
rather than just total elemental emissions. The proce-
dures given in the report are detailed and, for the most
part, specific to individual compounds. Accuracy, inter-
ferences, and detection limits have been determined
for many of the species under laboratory conditions.
Some of the procedures were tested as part of a field
study at a shale oil conversion plant.
Keywords: 'Inorganic compounds, 'Manuals, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Metal Indus-
try, Trace elements, Carbonyl compounds, Gas analy-
sis, Water analysis, Particles, Process charting,
Design, Performance evaluation, Metals, Hydrides,
'Solid wastes, Air pollution sampling, Source assess-
ment sampling systems, Fugitive emissions, Coal liq-
uefaction, Water pollution sampling, Procedures.
PB80-15010S PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Portable Miniature Sampler tor Potential Airborne
Carcinogens In Mlcroenvlronments. Phase 1 De-
velopment. Interim rept. Sep 77-Oct 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. J. Brooks, and D. S. West. Jan 80,92p EPA-600/2-
80-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2774
A 3-year research project was initiated to develop a
portable, miniature, sorbent-type collection system for
sampling and preconcentrating organics in general,
and carcinogens and associated compounds (e.g.,
mutagens, precarcinogens, and cofactors) in particu-
lar, from ambient air. The purpose of such a system is
December 1983 835
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to assess the exposure of individuals and/or small
groups of individuals to these types of compounds in
various environments. Inherent in the ability to assess
exposures is not only the sampling capability but also
analytical confirmation. The determinative step in this
project will be capillary gas chromatography/mass
spectroscopy. Progress during the first year was dis-
cussed and concerned the sefection of candidate sor-
bent materials; the selection of test compounds for
sorbent evaluation; the evaluation of the sorbent mate-
rials in terms of capacity, desorption properties, and
physical properties that relate to pressure drops and
ultimate system design, and the selection of a three-
sorbent system based on Tenax-GC, Porapak R, and
Ambersorb.
Keywords: Air pollution, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Or-
ganic compounds, Measuring instruments, Accuracy,
Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling. Environmental health.
PB80-150113 PC A04/MF A01
Direct Reduction: A Review of Commercial Proc-
esses. Final rept. Jan-Jul 79,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Larry G. Twidwell. Jan 80,53p EPA-600/2-80-036
The report gives results of a review of direct reduction
commercial processes for ironmaking. The potential
for environmental degradation appears to be minimal.
A detailed environmental assessment does not appear
to be warranted. It is recommended that samples of
scrubber water and sludge material be collected and
characterized from several gas reductant reactor sys-
tems. It is also recommended that rotary-kiln solid-re-
ductant reactors be sampted to ensure that the final
gas effluent does not contain harmful concentrations
of organic species, sulfur oxides, and trace element
contaminants; and that such systems be observed to
ascertain that fugitive emissions are not released from
the kiln at harmful rates.
Keywords: 'Iron, *Reduction(Chemistry), Reviews,
Pollution, Steel making, Sponge iron, Assessments,
Recommendations, 'Direct reduction.
PB80-150204 CP T06
Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines Mobile
Model. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
George Schewe, and Erik Sieurin. 1 Jan 80, mag tape
EPA/DF-80/002
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB80-150220,
PB80-150238, and PB80-150212.
A modified version of the ISMAP model has been de-
veloped for the analysis of carbon monoxide hot spot
locations. The original version of ISMAP (Indirect
Source Model for Air Pollution) was developed by
Stanford Research Institute to be used in the evalua-
tion of indirect source impact upon ambient carbon
monoxide concentrations. Due to the size and com-
plexity of the original version of the model, the modifi-
cations were made without changing the basic struc-
ture of the program. Since the analysis of parking lot
traffic and emissions was an integral part of the origi-
nal model structure, it was left in the modified version,
but the code was modified to negate their effect upon
traffic flow and air quality. In the modified ISMAP, inter-
nal zones traffic network. This modified version of the
model sets parking lot emissions equal to zero and
provides a near infinite parking lot capacity so that ve-
hicle routing between internal zones will not occur be-
cause of parking lot overcrowding. Other modifications
made to ISMAP include the Incorporation of a street
canyon submodel. Version 2 of modified ISMAP uti-
lized the most recent (1978) motor vehicle emission
correction factors and modal analysis model coeffi-
cients and deterioration. In other aspects, it is un-
changed from Version 1.
Keywords:
*Carbon
•Models-Simulation, *Alr pollution,
monoxide, Exhaust emissions,
ConcentrationfCompositlon), Revisions, Fortran, *Air
quality,' ISMAP models.
PB80-150212 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines. Volume IV:
Documentation of Computer Programs to Gener-
ate Volume I Curves and Tables,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Frank Benesh. Aug 78.450p GCA-TR-78-32-G(4),
EPA/DF-80/002C,, EPA-450/3-78-036
Contract EPA-68-02-2539
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-150204. See
also Volume 5, PB80-150220, and Volume 6, PB80-
150238.
This report documents the computer programs used in
preparing the tables and curves used in Volume I of
the Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Carbon monoxide, Comput-
er programs, Tables(Data), Exhaust emissions, Guide-
lines, Air quality, VEHEMI2 computer program, COR-
RECT1 computer program, SIGNAL computer pro-
gram, NOSIGNAL computer program, HOTSPOT com-
puter program, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB80-150220 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines. Volume V:
User's Manual for Intersectlon-Mldblock Model,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Frank Benesh. Aug 78,245p GCA-TR-78-32-G(5),
EPA/DF-80/002A,, EPA-450/3-78-037
Contract EPA-68-02-2539
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-150204. See
also Volume 4, PB80-150212, and Volume 6, PB80-
150238.
As an aid to the identification and analysis of carbon
monoxide hot spot locations, the Intersection-Midb-
lock Model (IMM) has been developed for the calcula-
tion of hourly carbon monoxide concentrations at user
specified locations near streets or intersections. The
IMM calculates carbon monoxide emissions due to ve-
hicle cruising, acceleration-deceleration and idling by
use of the EPA Modal Analysis Model. These emis-
sions are then assigned to traffic links or portions of
links based upon calculated intersection parameters
such as cycle time, green time, queue length and delay
time. After the emissions have been calculated and
distributed among the individual lanes of each link, the
EPA HIWAY Model is called to calculate carbon mon-
oxide concentrations at each receptor location based
upon input values of hourly wind speed, wind direction
and atmospheric stability, if the street-building configu-
ration, the wind speed and the atmospheric stability is
such that a street canyon vortex will develop, the
'Street Canyon Model' is used to calculate the concen-
tration of a street oriented receptor. This manual docu-
ments version 2 of the IMM (IMM-2). The principal
changes from version 1 is the incorporation of the
Motor Vehicle Emission Factors released in 1978 and
the Modal Analysis Model coefficients and deteriora-
tion released in late 1977. Otherwise IMM-2 is sub-
stantially the same as the first version written by Victor
Corbin and Michael T. Mills.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Carbon monoxide, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
haust emissions, Wind velocity, Wind direction,
Streets, Guidelines, Computer programs, Fortran,
'Intersection midblock models, 'Air quality, *IMM
computer program, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams), IBM-370/158 computers, Univac-1110 com-
puters.
PB80-150238 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines. Volume VI:
User's Manual for the Modified ISMAP Model,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Frank Benesh, Aug 78,230p GCA-TR-78-32-G(6),
EPA/DF-80/002B,, EPA-450/3-78-040
Contract EPA-68-02-2539
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-150204. See
also Volume 4, PB80-150212, and Volume 5, PB80-
150220.
A modified version of the ISMAP model has been de-
veloped for the analysis of carbon monoxide hot spot
locations. The original version of ISMAP (Indirect
Source Model for Air Pollution) was developed by
Stanford Research Institute to be used in the evalua-
tion of indirect source impact upon ambient carbon
monoxide concentrations. Due to the size and com-
plexity of the original version of the model, the moaiii-
cations were made without changing the basic struc-
ture of the program. Since the analysis of parking *»
traffic and emissions was an integral part of the ongi-
nal model structure, it was left in the modified version,
but the code was modified to negate their effect upon
traffic flow and air quality. In the modified ISMAP, inter-
nal zones (indirect sources) are used together with ex-
ternal zones to generate flow within a traffic networ*-
This modified version of the model sets parking i<»
emissions equal to zero and provides a near inflniw
parking lot capacity so that vehicle routing between in-
ternal zones will not occur because of parking lot over-
crowding. Other modifications made to ISMAP inCIU°"
the incorporation of a street canyon submodel. »ersJJi,
2 of modified ISMAP utilized the most recent (197»
motor vehicle emission correction factors and n100!*
analysis model coefficients and deterioration. In otnw
aspects, it is unchanged from Version 1.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Carbon monoxide, Concentration(Composition), ex-
haust emissions, Guidelines, Revisions, Computer pro-
grams, Fortran, 'Air quality, 'ISMAP models, user
manuals(Computer program).
PB80-150246 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, LA;.
Region VIII. .. -(
Northglenn Water Management Program, City °J
Northglenn, Colorado. Draft environmental impacl
statement,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO. j
Weston W. Wilson, William Rothenmeyer, Al Udin, ana
Paul Seeley. 11 Jan 80,282p EPA-908/5-79-002A
This is a draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
for proposed construction of facilities to provide waw
supply, wastewater treatment and agriculture reuse101
sewage effluent for the City of Northglenn, CoWjaq-
Under an exchange agreement with the FarmersJn»j>
ervoir and Irrigation Company, approximately 5,uu"
acre-feet annually will be diverted for Northglenn s mu-
nicipal use, treated, augmented from other sources,
stored, and then returned for irrigation purposes, in*
recommended action is to construct an 8 mile inw
ceptor, aerated lagoon and a storage reservoir. imp»r
mentation of the exchange program negates the pen"
ing water condemnation actions that were in progrsw-
Keywords: 'Reservoir, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Waste water reuse, ir-
rigation. Public health, Water supply, Water po""*0",'
Ground water, Lagoons(Ponds), Odors, Runoff, *fl"
culture, Water conservation, Recommendations, W>*f
rado, Sewage irrigation, Flow augmentation,
Northglenn(Colorado).
PB80-150261 PC A17/MF A01
Lead-Acid Battery Manufacture - Background in-
formation for Proposed Standards. Draft environ
mental impact statement. . ,fl
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangw
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard*
Nov 79,380p EPA-450/3-79-028A
Standards of performance for the control of emission*
from lead-acid battery manufacturing plants are uei™
proposed under the authority of section 111 <* Inj
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to new.
modified, or reconstructed facilities at any lead"8SJ
battery manufacturing plant with a production capasj!
equal to or greater than 500 batteries per day-.' "!°
document contains background information, environ-
mental and economic impact assessments, and the ra
tionale for the standards, as proposed under 40 om
Part 60, Subpart KK.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft
Manufacturing, Electric batteries, Standards, Econorn
ic impacts, 'Lead acid batteries, 'Air pollution aba«^
ment.
PB80-150279 PC A09/MF A<»1
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Regi°
Evaluation of the State Implementation Plan R**t
slon Submitted by New York State In Furfllim'n'
of the Moynlhan-Holtzman Amendment. Final rep1-
Kornhauser (Alain L.) and Associates, Princeton, NJ.
836 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
9, 189p EPA-902/4-79-004
Wmtract EPA-66-NY-0001
"The objective of the study is to assist the U.S. Envlron-
uS"^ 'Protection Agency in reviewing and evaluating
»;r.?ubrn'ssion by the State of New York in response
ro the Moynihan-Holtzman Amendment of the 1977
or, ?.,Air Act Tne Moynihan-Holtzman Amendment
im i 8 tna! ar)y alternative to bridge tolls in the State
implementation Plan must include comprehensive
pians to establish, expand, or improve public transpor-
*non measures to meet basic transportation needs as
rS6 uitiously as practicable'. The submission is criti-
Jj"iy examined from various viewpoints - philosophical,
th!rn'ca'' and sociological. A frame of reference for
™ ^valuation was constructed based on four pert'r-
uro areas"industry-wide transit performance meas-
^°8 and standards, local public perceptions and prior-
DmL , al transit operator and planning agencies'
Iron u* anc' budgets, and comparable metropolitan
"ansit system performance and budget data.
&(?-d8: *Mass transportation, 'Urban transporta-
Hu I" d9e tolls' Highway bridges, East River, Air qual-
tran Busss(Vehicles), Subways, Budgeting, Urban
exportation, Cost analysis, Central city, New York,
jjgwonment protection, Glean Air Act, Air pollution
c?*0-150444 PC A08/MF A01
jnwonmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
»nrt7atlves for Reducing Insecticides on Cotton
<5,° corn: Economic and Environmental Impact -
,ment 1: Detailed Data for Static and Linear
«|» of Alternatives for Reducing Insecticides
CorniM'
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
,5™* P. Russell, Robert P. Rovinsky, Eddy L. LaDue,
IsSJS? A' Shoemaker, and David Pimentel. 1979,
GSr?PEPA-600/5-79-007B
^antEPA-R-802518-02
ilso Rept. no. EPA-600/5-79-007A dated Aug 79,
'•145071 and Supplement 2, PB80-150451.
Insa/**!1""" "al* ul° a*y"^«* insect control costs and
one? U8e Par a?re for eaoh insect control method
natiu .ar|d cotton in each region discussed in Alter-
Eenr, or Reducing Insecticides on Cotton and Corn:
In thi?T'c and Environmental Impact. All the runs used
Tho near programming model analysis are listed.
' was uaed to evaluate the effect of the
M
8umSiContro' strategies as defined under various as-
aci«a 8 Warding inter-regional shifts In cotton
'«age and level of grain exports.
CoUf?rds: *'nsect control, "Agricultural economics,
Y|l|iana|yai3. Insecticides, Corn plants, Cotton plants,
matei, y?lurne. Area, Chlorohydrocarbons, Carba-
Stetl '/. . 08Pnorus organic compounds, Tables(Data),
«ies(United States).
ErZrlo0451 PC A06/MF A01
»l{™onrriental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
^'"natives for Reducing Insecticides on Cotton
!_T°rn: Economic and Environmental Impact -
nt 2: Procedures Used In Setting Up the
Corr.T,'fural Production Model,
Robert'Unh/., Ithaca, NY.
Chrtat? B' Rov>nsky, Noel P. Russell, Eddy L. LaDue,
12ln cl? A- Shoemaker, and David Pimentel. 1979,
G7aPAPA-600/5-79-007C
£««EPA-R-802518-02
""« also Supplement 1, PB80-150444.
(jJLP/ocedures used in setting up the agricultural pr
. i*llon model Ufifld in fl «tnHv nf altflrnAtiuas fnr rariiii
rnaior
'des on c°N°n ar|d corn are described. The
or .
of rj oana'ytical tool used is a spatial equilibrium model
that rl- a.9ncu'ture- Tr>is is a linear programming model
co_™lr«mizes the cost of producing and transporting
cnw,; *0rflnum, wheat, oats, barley, rye, soybeans, ana
cofn" Siven resource availability, technology, and
•unni ^ demands. The model can be divided into a
*piy segment, a nutrient transfer segment,
'Agricultural economics. Mathematical
Grater Production, Linear programming, Yield,
Trsr,.^Food). Corn, Wheat, Cotton fibers, Soybeans,
un5PSrtation- Cost engineering, Variable costs,
ornics), Demand(Economlcs),
, States(United States).
PB80-150592 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Manufacture of Acetone and
Phenol from Cumene. Final rept. Feb 76-Apr 78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. L. Delaney, and T. W. Hughes. May 79,200p EPA-
600/2-79-019D
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report describes a study of atmospheric emissions
resulting from the manufacture of acetone and phenol
from cumene. The air emissions from such manufac-
ture consist only of hydrocarbons (HC). Emission fac-
tors are given for each species emitted to the atmos-
phere from each source within a typical plant. Emis-
sions data are used to calculate several factors de-
signed to quantify the hazard potential of the emis-
sions. Industry contributions to atmospheric HC emis-
sions from stationary sources are estimated to be:
0.023% for the Nation, 0.0049% for California,
0.013% for Illinois, 0.050% for Kansas, 0.084% for
Louisiana, 0.034% for New Jersey, 0.049% for Ohio,
0.084% for Pennsylvania, and 0.081 % for Texas. A va-
riety of HC emission control methods are used, de-
pending on the emission and the emission point. The
two process technologies in use in the U.S. for oxidiz-
ing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide and for cleav-
age of the cumene hydroperoxide to acetone and
phenol are discussed and compared. Process descrip-
tions and flow sheets for these technologies are pre-
sented. Economic and production trends in the phenol
industry and in the industries that use phenol, acetone,
and the other byproducts are discussed and analyzed.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Acetone, 'Phenol, 'Chemi-
cal industry, Manufacturing, Sources, Assessments,
Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Trends, Economic analysis, Cumene, Technolo-
gy, Hydrocarbons, Forecasting, Process charting,
Emission factors.
PB80-150626 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Inactivity and Pathogenlclty of Enterovlruses In-
gested with Drinking Water. Final rept. 6 Oct 75-31
Jan 79,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Food Research Inst.
Dean 0. Cliver. Jan 80,39p EPA-600/1-80-005
Grant EPA-R-803988
The study was designed to examine the relationship of
waterborne enterovlruses to infections and disease.
Young weanling swine and their homologous entero-
viruses were chosen as the model system: The por-
cine digestive tract Is like that of man, but pigs can be
handled under more closely standardized conditions
than humans or other primates. Known quantities of
two enterovlruses were administered In 5 ml of drink-
Ing water in such a way that the subjects were obliged
to swallow all of it. The intact animal was found to be
about 1000 times (600 to 750 for one virus and 1800 to
2500 for the other) less likely than the tissue cultures
to be infected by a given quantity of enterovirus. The
ratio did not depend on whether the animals were fed
just before challenge. The probability of infection was
cumulative with iterated small doses: this indicated
that there was, in the strict sense, no minimum infec-
tious dose. None of the infected animals became ill,
despite the reported virulence of the challenge vi-
ruses. Chlorine treatment of a concentrated virus sus-
pension, which reduced infectivity to a level detectable
by cytopathic effect but not plaque formation in tissue
culture, left enough virus to infect one of five chal-
lenged subjects. Neither of two colostrum-deprived
pigs, challenged by stomach tube with 20 plaque-form-
ing units of enterovirus at one and one half hr of age,
became infected.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Enteroviruses, Public
health, Ingestion(Biology), Pathology, Infectious dis-
eases, Water supply, Models, Water pollution, Tissue
culture, 'Drinking water.
PB80-150873 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: Flue Oas Desulfurlzatlon. Final
rept. Jun 78-Oct 79,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
J. C. Dickerman, and K. L. Johnson. Nov 79,867p'
EPA-600/7-79-1781
Contract EPA-88-02-2608
The report (.
cablllty of flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) technology to
industrial boilers and Is one of a series to aid in deter-
mining the technological basis for a New Source Per-
formance Standard for Industrial Boilers. The develop-
ment status and performance of alternative FGD con-
trol techniques were assessed and the cost, energy,
and environmental impacts of the most promising were
identified. The report does not consider combinations
of technology to remove all pollutants, and these find-
ings have not undergone detailed assessments for
regulatory action.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Technology
assessment, Gas scrubbing, Industrial wastes, Coal,
Sulfur dioxide. Performance evaluation, 'Flue gas de-
sulfurization, W-L sulfur dioxide recovery process,
Lime-limestone wet scrubbing process, Dual alkali
scrubbing, Magnesium slurry scrubbing process, Alka-
line scrubbing.
PB80-150881 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Population and Characteristics of Industrial/Com-
mercial Boilers In the U.S. Final rept. Mar 78-May
79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. Devitt, P. Spaite, and L. Gibbs. Aug 79,452p* EPA-
600/7-79-178A
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
The report describes a study of boiler population and
characteristics, fuel consumption, emissions, and
boiler costs that provides a basis from which a broader
study of overall environmental impacts of non-utility
boilers can be made.
Keywords: 'Boilers, Population(Statistics), Character-
istics, Fuel consumption, Air pollution, Cost analysis,
Inventories, Commercial sector, Industrial sector,
Emission factors.
PB80-150907 PC A9»/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Dlv.
Portland Study Element Ml - Post - I/M Deteriora-
tion Study. Final rept.,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
David A. Smith. Jul 79,677p EPA-460/3-79-009
Contract EPA-68-03-2513
SeealsoPBSO-151210.
An exhaust emissions test program was conducted In
Portland, Oregon on a sample of 292 privately-owned
automobiles of 1975-77 model years. The objective of
the program was to study the short-term emissions
performance of cars that passed the mandatory
Oregon emission inspection, in order to determine rea-
sons for short-term emission control deterioration and
ways to prevent it. Cars were recruited at the time they
were due for Inspection, tested in as-received condi-
tion and then at one, two, or three-month intervals.
Cars falling the inspection were returned to the owners
for repairs, then retested after passing the state in-
spection, and again after the one-to three-month inter-
val. Cars showing significant emissions increases at
that point were tuned to manufacturer's specifications
by HTS and retested twice: immediately and after one
month. Tests included the state idle test, the FTP, the
Federal 3-mode test, and the Highway Fuel Economy
Test. Complete engine diagnostic checks and owner
interviews regarding maintenance and driveability
were also conducted. Emissions and fuel economy
data are presented for all tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance tests,
Fuel consumption, Tables(Data), Oregon, Motor vehi-
cles(1975 models), Motor vehicles(1976 models),
Motor vehicles(1977 models).
PB80-1S1061 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes. Second Annual Report. Annual rept. no.
2, Oct 77-Nov 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. W. Lemmon, Jr., G. L. Robinson, P. Van Voris, and
S. E. Rogers. Dec 79,68p EPA-600/7-79-073G
Contract EPA-88-02-2163
December 1983 837
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also report dated Sep 79, PB80-140767, and
report dated Jun 79, PB-300 671.
The report describes the second year's work for EPA
by Battelle's Columbus Laboratories on an environ-
mental assessment of coal cleaning processes. Pro-
gram activities included systems studies, data acquisi-
tion, and general program support. (1) Systems studies
have been directed at: updating, refining, and develop-
ing new data on the technology of coal cleaning; sum-
marizing previous efforts on the study of pollution con-
trol technology; continuing the development of envi-
ronmental assessment criteria for pollutants associat-
ed with coal cleaning processes; and planing for polju-
tion control trade-off studies. (2) Data acquisition in-
cluded: selecting test sites and arranging for testing;
selecting and documenting preferred procedures for
sampling and analysis; designing the overall source
test program; and preparing the specific test plan for
the first category of sites to be tested. Ten test site cat-
egories were established and prioritized, and candi-
date sites were narrowed to 47. (3) General program
support included: evaluation of environmental tests at
the Homer City coal cleaning plant site and modifica-
tion of a computer program for simulating performance
of this and other coal cleaning plants; operation of the
Coal Cleaning Information Center; an exchange of en-
vironmental information with the USSR; evaluation of
coal cleaning to control SO2 emissions; and coordinat-
ing a symposium.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, Cleaning, Sulfur dioxide,
Air pollution control, Air pollution abatement, Desulfuri-
zation, Systems analysis, Data acquisition, Perform-
ance evaluation, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB80-151079 PCA03/MFA01
Sulfurlc Acid Rain Effects on Crop Yield and
Foliar Injury. Final rept.,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Jeffrey J. Lee, Grady E. Neely, and Shelton C.
Perrigan. Jan 80, 28p EPA-600/3-80-016
A study was undertaken to determine the relative sen-
sitivity of major U.S. crops to sulfuric acid rain. Plants
were grown under controlled environmental conditions
and exposed to simulated acid rain of three sulfuric
acid concentrations (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0) or to a control
rain (pH 5.7). Injury to foliage and effects on yield were
common responses to acid rain. However, foliar Injury
was not a good indicator of effects on yield.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Toxicity, *Farm crops, Rain-
fall, Sulfuric acid, Exposure, Vegetable crops, Grain
crops, Fruit crops, Forage crops, Damage, Plant tis-
sues, Yield, Sensitivity, Simulation, Field tests,
Tables(Data), 'Acid rain, *Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB80-151210 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Portland Study Element I • Short Test Correlation
Study. Final rept.,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
David A. Smith. Mar 79,283p EPA-460/3-79-001
Contract EPA-68-03-2513
See also PB80-150907.
An exhaust emissions test program was conducted in
Portland, Oregon on a sample of privately-owned
1975-77 model year passenger cars. The objective of
the program was to collect data on the correlation be-
tween short inspection tests and the 1975 Federal
Test Procedure (FTP). Fifty-nine different groups of
cars were tested, in numbers ranging from 32 to 45
cars per group, for a total of 2207 cars. In its as-re-
ceived condition, each car was subjected to the in-
spection employed by the Oregon Department of Envi-
ronmental Quality (DEO), which includes an idle-mode
exhaust concentration measurement, at a DEQ in-
spection station. Another idle-mode test, the FTP, the
Federal Short Cycle (FSC) and the Federal Three-
Mode (F3M) tests were then run on each car at an
emissions test laboratory. About half of the cars were
also subjected to the FSC and F3M tests conducted by
DEQ personnel at a DEQ inspection station. Emissions
and fuel economy data are presented for each vehicle
group and for model year and DEQ pass-fail status
within each group. Correlation coefficients have not
been calculated.
Keywords: * Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance tests,
Fuel consumption, Tables(Data), Oregon, Motor vehi-
cles(1975 models), Motor vehicles(1976 models),
Motor vehicles(1977 models), Portland(Oregon).
PB80-151533 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Freshwater Micro-Ecosystem Development and
Testing of Substitute Chemicals,
Science and Education Administration, Beltsville, MD.
Pesticide Degradation Lab.
Allan R. Isensee, and Ronald S. Yockim. Jan 80,39p
EPA-600/3-80-008
The objective of the study was to develop better tech-
niques for studying pesticides in aquatic model eco-
systems. To achieve this objective, a model ecosys-
tem was designed and built that utilizes the continuous
dosing, flow-through system routinely used for chronic
fish toxicity testing in combination with the organisms
used in static model ecosystem testing. A previously
developed recirculatlng static model ecosystem (simu-
lating a sediment or erosional pesticide source) was si-
multaneously used with the flowing water system (sim-
ulating an effluent pesticide source) to test the behav-
ior of three pesticides (pentachloronitrobenzene
(PCNB), simazine, and trifluralin). Conditions in the
static system favored pesticide degradation while the
flowing system insured continuous pesticide exposure
to the organisms.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, 'Pesticides, •Toxici-
ty, 'Invertebrates, 'Water pollution, Model tests, Simu-
lation, Fishes, Algae, Degradation, Accumulation, Ad-
sorption, Bioassay, Microcosms, Ecosystems, Ben-
zene/nitro-pentachloro, PCNB fungicide, Trifluralen,
To(uidene/dinitro-N-N, Princep, Triazine/chloro-
bis(ethylamino).
PB80-151541 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Citizen Concern with Power Plant Siting: Wiscon-
sin Power Plant Impact Study. Final rept. Jan 77-Jul
77,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Elin Quigley, Jill Randall, Bruce H. Murray, and Alice B.
D'AlessiO. Jan 80,122p EPA-600/3-80-004
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared In cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
Two hundred and fifteen invited participants attended
four public workshops in four Wisconsin cities in the
spring of 1977. They were divided into small groups
and asked to identify and rank power plant siting con-
cerns in three categories: biological and physical, eco-
nomic and social, and land use. Each group ranked the
top ten concerns in each of the three categories. Par-
ticipants also completed a survey asking them to rank
sites for power plants and transmission lines, to pro-
vide some personal background information, and to
express their views on the workshop. A list of every
concern mentioned is included in this report, and con-
cerns are combined and analyzed by their ranking,
both overall and in the final vote.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Site surveys, "Citi-
zen participation, Planning, Public opinion, Land use,
Environmental impacts, Economic impact, Social
effect, Meetings, Site selection.
PB80-151558 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Direct Photolysis of Hexacyanoferrate Complex-
es: Proposed Applications to the Aquatic Environ-
ment,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Entomology, Fish-
eries, and Wildlife.
Steven J. Broderius, and Uoyd L Smith, Jr. Jan 80,
60p EPA-600/3-80-003
Grant EPA-R-805291
The theory and computations described by Zepp and
Cline (1977) were experimentally tested in predicting
the direct photolysis rates of dilute hexacyanoferrate
(II) and (III) solutions in the aquatic environment. Es-
sential information for these calculations includes the
quantum yield for the photoreaction, molar extinction
coefficients of the complex ions for wavelengths >
295 nm, solar irradlance data used to calculate specif-
ic sunlight absorption rates, and the assumption that
the photolysis reaction obeys a first-order kinetic rate
expression. Direct photolysis rates of the irreversible
photochemical reactions are calculated as a function
of the time of year, latitude, time of day, meteorological
conditions, and depth in natural water bodies. Light 01
wavelengths < 480 nm is active in the photolysis reac-
tions, and pH, temperature, and concentration aii
affect the reaction to varying degrees. Assuming w»-
order kinetics, in which the rate constant was approxi-
mately concentration independent within the range or
25-100 micrograms/l total cyanide, the minimum qua"'
turn yields of HCN formation were 0.14 and 0.0023 tor
the iron (II) and (III) complexes, respectively. These
values correspond to minimum, nearsurface, midday
half-lives at midsummer of about 18 and 64 min at £»•
Paul, Minn. The photolysis rate at various fixed deptns
in a natural water column, when compared with that ai
the surface, decreases exponentially with depth. lt»
suggested that the photolysis reactions are ennaQ???
by suspended material in turbid waters because ottne
forward scattering of light when compared with trtai
theoretically calculated from beam attenuation COOT-
cients. Hexacyanoferrate (II) and (III) solutions of eq""1
initial total cyanide concentration respond photocne-
mically quite differently from one another in solutions
prepared with deionized water, but respond in a sn™»
manner for solutions prepared with natural waters. Trw
potentially rapid photodecomposition of iron-cyanides
with formation of HCN suggests that this phenomenon
may be of lexicological importance under certain envi-
ronmental conditions.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, *Ph°"
tolysis, 'Ferrates, Cyanides, Photochemical reactions,
Absorption, Water chemistry, *lron/hexacyano.
PB80-151566 PC A03/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnaii.
OH.
Characterization of Priority Pollutants from An
Airplane Parts Manufacturing Facility. Final repi-
Jan-Dec 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. K. Reed, M. A. Eischen, M. M. McKown, and G- R.
Smithson, Jr. Jan 80,41 p EPA-600/2-80-019
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
Wastewater from an airplane parts manufacturing
plant was sampled using the U.S. EPA screening pro"
tocol for the 129 priority pollutants. The wastewaw'
treatment facilities at this site include batch systems TO
destroy cyanides, remove oil, and reduce^hexavaienj -
chromium to the trivalent state before it is discharge^
to a system where heavy metals are removed by' P£
adjustment and settling. The results of the study snow
that the treatment practiced at this site removes more
than 90 percent of the chromium, zinc and 70 perce™
of the copper. The system is slightly less effective tor
cadmium because of its low concentration in the influ-
ent to the treatment plant. Nevertheless, in excess o>
60 percent of the cadmium is removed. Because of tpe
extremely low concentrations of other metals in the'""
fluent to the treatment plant, the effectiveness of trie
treatment for their removal could not be evaluated wnn
any degree of confidence. Although the treatment
system was not designed for the removal of the Pr'onJJ
organic constituents, some are removed during »\8
treatment. This could be due to evaporation or sorp-
tion on the solids formed during the precipitation of tf>e
metallic components of the wastewater.
Keywords: 'Aircraft, 'Water pollution control, "In*'?
trial waste treatment, Manufacturing, Cyanides, >-uD""
cants, Chromium, Design criteria, Process chartinfl'
Sampling, Performance evaluation.
PB80-151731 PC A20/MF AOl
Lake Apopka Restoration Project, Lake «"»
Orange Counties, Florida. Environmental imps01
statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Regl°n
IV.
Sep 79,451 p EPA-904/9-79-043
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Dept. of fc""
vionmental Regulation, Tallahassee. Bureau of Wats'
Resources Management.
The action for which this document has been prepared
is the restoration of Lake Apopka. The overall goal °T
the restoration project is to stop the continuing degra-
dation of the lake's water and to restore Lake ApopKj*
as a quality natural resource. Four primary objective"
have been identified In attaining this goal. The first otf
jective is to improve the water quality of Lake Apopka-
838 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'.the Project aims to improve water quality in
h! ent|re Upper Oklawaha Chain of Lakes by restoring
ohLv?ad"aters o* this chain (Lake Apopka). The third
bin M IS to Provide aquatic habitats which are capa-
auen! sugPortin9 game fish and wildlife, with a subse-
vow, ction in rough fish. The final objective in-
ra ',ff. making Lake Apopka suitable for water-contact
r««eational opportunities.
ta?y!!!?rds: "Drawdown, 'Lake Apopka, 'Environmen-
mon. pA8ct statements-final, Water pollution abate-
A9uai er« to particulate control in the nonferrous
SwSE '"dustry. Speakers from England, Canada,
cggS8,"' Japan, Australia, and the United States dis-
tj^rja recent developments and technology for par-
-wiate control in nonferrous operations.
1usb?°rd?; *Air pollution control, 'Particles, "Metal in-
Cornh.' ,.Meetings, Technology, Industrial wastes,
mir» Sr S°n products, Copper, lead(Metal), Zinc, Alu-
Smah ' ace elements, Molybdenum, Agglomeration,
ilicMrt .' Furnaces, Electrostatic precipnators, Sulfur
AIQe, Foreign technology, Fugitive emissions.
PC A16/MF A01
Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
*w«rds, October FY 1978.
:al Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
, .nistration Div.
, 363p EPA-GAD/1-78-02
retvJr?0 reP°rt 'or Oct 77-Mar 78, PB-289 857, and
TOrt for Apr-Sep 77, PB-282 687.
Section I of the report lists research, demonstration,
training, and fellowship awards by State, program, and
grantee name. Each record provides applicant name,
municipality, program element, title, project director,
grant identification number, type of grant award, date
and dollar amount of award. Section II contains brief
project descriptions for research and demonstration
projects administered by Headquarters and is ar-
ranged in ascending order by the grant identification
number. An index is provided for cross-referencing the
information between Sections I and II.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Water pollution, "Solid
waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Research
projects, Education, Toxicity, Pesticides, Aerosols,
Ozone, Universities, Indexes(Documentation).
PB80-152606 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: Synthetic Fuels. Final rept. Jun
78-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
William C. Thomas. Nov 79,377p EPA-600/7-79-176D
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report, part of a series to aid in determining the
technological basis for New Source Performance
Standards for Industrial Boilers, addresses the use of
synthetic fuels produced from coal as a precombustlon
emission control for new industrial boilers. The syn-
thetic fuels technologies considered include coal gas-
ification and liquefaction. Examining the reduction of
SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions in industrial boiler
flue gases is emphasized. Two low-Btu gasification
systems (the Wellman-Galusha gasifier with either the
Strettord (W-G/S) or monoethanolamine (W-B/MEA)
acid gas removal process) were selected for the de-
tailed analyses, which involved two coal feedstocks
(low-sulfur western and high-sulfur eastern) and five
boiler capacities (8.8, 22,44, 58.6, and 117 MWT heat
input). The low-Btu gasification systems met the most
stringent target NOx and particulate emissions control
levels that were considered. For SO2 emissions, the
W-G/S systems using low-sulfur coal achieved a strin-
gent target emission control level of 43 ng SO2/ J heat
level. Using high-sulfur coal, the W-G/S system
achieved a moderate target control level of 150 ng
S02/J heat input. For regulatory purposes, this as-
sessment must be viewed as preliminary, pending re-
sults of the more extensive examination of Impacts
called for under Section III of the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal gasification,
'Boilers, Air pollution, Water pollution, Performance
evaluation, Design, Industrial wastes, Comparison,
Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Monitoring, Particles, Sources, Combustion products,
Technology, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Coal liq-
uefaction, Solid wastes, High btu gas, Intermediate btu
gas, Low btu gas.
PB80-152796 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Acute Toxicity of Toxaphene to Fathead Min-
nows, Channel Catfish, and Bluegllls,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO. Fish-Pesti-
cide Research Lab.
W. Waynon Johnson, and Arnold M. Julin. Jan 80,32p
EPA-600/3-80-005
Toxaphene was very toxic to fathead minnows (Pime-
phales promelas), channel catfish (Ictalurus puncta-
tus), and bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) in static
tests; 96-h LCSO's ranged from 2.6 to 20 mlcrograms/l
at 20C. Fathead minnows were the least susceptible
and bluegill and channel catfish were about equal in
susceptibility. Prolonged exposures of 12 to 34 days in
flow-through tests produced time-independent LC50
values of 0.6 to 1.9 mlcrograms/l, significantly lower
than the 96-h values. The toxiclty of toxaphene was
not influenced by variations in pH or water hardness in
static tests. Temperature seemed to influence rate of
onset rather than degree of response. Toxicittes were
similar at 20 and 25C in flow-through tests, however, a
decrease in the time required for mortality to become
asymptotic with time was observed. Time-independ-
ence was reached after 7 to 16 days of exposure at
25C while 24 to 34 days were required at 20C. The life
stage of channel catfish most sensitive to toxaphene
poisoning was the swim-up fry with a 96-h LC50 ol 0.8
micrograms/l. Early yolk sac fry were extremely resist-
ant with a 24-h LC50 of 4.7 mlcrograms/l, however,
within 96 hours the yolk had adsorbed and the LC50
had declined to 8.0 mlcrograms/l.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides, Bioassay, Tem-
perature, Chlorine organic compounds, Lethal concen-
tration, Exposure, pH, Mortality, Toxic diseases, Icta-
lurus punctatus, 'Toxic substances, 'Toxaphene, Pi-
mephales promelas, Channel catfish, Fathead min-
nows, Blue gills, Lepomis macrochirus.
PB80-152804 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Adsorption of Trace Metals by Hydrous Ferric
Oxide In Seawater. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Ralph M.
Parsons Lab. for Water Resources and Hydrodyna-
mics.
Francois Morel, and K. C. Swallow. Jan 80,63p EPA-
600/3-80-011
Grant EPA-R-803738
The adsorption of trace metals by amorphous hydrous
ferric oxide in seawater is studied with reference to
simple model systems designed to isolate the factors
which may have an effect on the isotherms. Results
show that the complex system behaves in & remark-
ably simple way and that the data obtained under vari-
ous conditions of total metal concentration and total
oxide concentration can be reduced to an apparent re-
action constant, K, which is a function of pH only. The
high capacity of the oxide for trace metals renders the
concept of a surface reaction useless to explain the
uptake of metals. A physical picture of the oxide as a
swollen hydrous gel permeable to hydrated ions is pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Metals, 'Adsorption,
'Iron oxides, 'Water analysis, Trace elements, Sea
water, Isotherms, Reaction rates, pH, Surface chemis-
try, Volumetric analysis, Potentiometry, Electrolytes,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
'Sediment-water interfaces, 'Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB80-1S2812 PC A09/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Malelc Anhydride Indus-
try - Background Information for Proposed Stand-
ards. Draft environmental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 80,200p EPA-450/3-80-001A
A National Emission Standard for the control of ben-
zene emissions from maleic anhydride plants is being
proposed under the authority of section 112 of the
Clean Air Act. The proposed standard would apply to
both new and existing sources. This document con-
tains background information and environmental and
economic assessments of the regulatory alternatives
considered in developing the proposed standard.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Benzene, 'Standards,
'Environmental impact statement-draft, Sources, Reg-
ulations, Maleic anhydride, Capitalized costs, Substi-
tutes, Air pollution control, Water pollution, Economic
impact, Operating costs, Butanes, Cost analysis, Solid
wastes.
PB60-152838 PC A14/MF A01
Envlronmenal Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Performance Measures and Standards for Air
Quality Simulation Models. Final rept,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
S. R. Hayes. Oct 79,317p* EPA-450/4-79-032
Contract EPA-68-02-2593
Currently there are no standardized guidelines for eval-
uating the performance of air quality simulation
models. In this report a conceptual framework for ob-
jectively evaluating model performance is developed.
Five attributes of a well-behaving model are defined:
accuracy of the peak prediction, absence of systemat-
ic bias, lack of gross error, temporal correlation, and
spatial alignment. The relative importance of these at-
tributes Is shown to depend on the issue being ad-
dressed and the pollutant being considered. Accept-
ability of model behavior is determined by calculating
several perofrmance measures and comparing their
values with specific standards. Comprehensive back-
ground material is presented on the elements of the
performance evaluation problem: the types of issues
December 1983 839
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to be addressed; the classes of models to be used
along with the applications for which they are suited;
and the categories of performance measures available
for consideration. Also, specific rationales are devel-
oped on which performance standards could be
based. Guidance on the interpretation of performance
measure values is provided by means of an example
using a large, grid-based air quality model.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Standards, Performance, Accuracy, Errors, Correla-
tion, Bias.
PB80-152861 PCA04/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Reclamation and Water Relations of Strip Mine
Spoils In Northern Arizona, 1976-1978. Final rept.
Jul 76-Dec 78,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
A. D. Day, T. C. Tucker, and J. L. Thames. Dec 79,61 p
CR-7, EPA-600/7-79-258
Sponsored in part by Science and Education Adminis-
tration, Washington, DC. Cooperative Research.
The objectives and approach of this research project
were: (1) to evaluate the properties of coal mine soil,
(2) to study the germination of selected plant species
in coal mine soil in the greenhouse, (3) to study the
growth of selected plant species in coal mine soil on
the Black Mesa Coal Mine, and (4) to study the live-
stock feed value of forage from selected plant species
grown in coal mine soil. The nitrogen and potassium
contents were higher in coal mine soil than they were
in unmined soil; however, coal mine soil contained less
phosphorus than did unmined soil. Average germina-
tion percentages for seven plant species grown in coal
mine soil in the greenhouse were similar to germina-
tion percentages for the same species grown in Gila
foam soil. The general livestock feed value of forage
from seven plant species grown in coal mine soil was
similar to the feed value of forage from the same spe-
cies grown in unmined soil.
Keywords: *Coal mining, 'Spoil, 'Soil properties,
'Plant growth, Forage crops, Soil fertility, Nitrogen, Po-
tassium, Phosphorus, Germination, Greenhouses,
Feeding stuffs, Livestock, Nutritive value, Yield, Grain
crops, Arizona.
PB80-152879 PC A03/MF A01
Interim Method for Determining Asbestos In
Water. Interim rept. Jul 76-Dec 78,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Charles H. Anderson, and J. MacArthur Long. Jan 80,
44p EPA-600/4-80-005
This manual describes an interim electron microscope
(EM) procedure for measuring the concentration of as-
bestos in water samples. The main features of the
method include filtering the sample through a sub-
micron polycarbonate membrane filter, examining an
EM specimen grid in a transmission electron micro-
scope (TEM), and verifying fiber identity by selected
area electron diffraction (SAED). This interim method
is a revision of the procedure issued in 1976 and re-
flects the improvements that have been made in as-
bestos analytical methodology since that time.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Asbestos, 'Manuals,
Electron microscopy, Chemical analysis, Samples, Fil-
tration, Electron diffraction, Water pollution, Laborato-
ry equipment, 'Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB80-153384 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Optimum Meteorological and Air Pollution Sam-
pling Network Selection In Cities: Volume II. Eval-
uation of Wind Field Predictions for St Louis,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Fred M. Vukovich, and C. Andrew Clayton. Oct 79,
117pEPA-600/4-7fl-069
Contract EPA-68-03-2187
See also Volume 1. PB-285 484.
This report is the second in a series on the develop-
ment of a method for designing optimum meteorologi-
cal and air pollution sampling networks and its applica-
tion for St. Louis, Missouri (see PB-285 484). It in-
volves the evaluation of the wind field network and uti-
lizes wind data collected during special summer and
winter field programs. The evaluation considers the
precision and accuracy of the procedure used for esti-
mating the wind field.
Keywords: *Wind(Meteorology), "Weather stations,
Networks, Sampling, Errors, Wind velocity, Flow distri-
bution, Missouri, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), Air pollution
sampling.
PB80-153554 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Sublethal Effects of Toxaphene on Daphnlds,
Scuds, and Midges,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO. Fish-Pesti-
cide Research Lab.
Herman 0. Sanders. Jan 80, 27p EPA-600/3-80-006
Daphnids (Daphnia magna), scuds (Gammarus pseu-
dolimnaeus), and midge larvae (Chironomus plumo-
sus) were continuously exposed to toxaphene in a
flow-through system. Exposure of daphnids for a com-
plete life cycle (21 days) to 0.12,0.28,0.54, and 1.0 mi-
crograms/l of toxaphene significantly (P<0.05) re-
duced production of young; the no-effect concentra-
tion was 0.07 micrograms/l. Toxaphene concentra-
tions of 0.25 micrograms/l and greater significantly
(P<0.05) reduced growth of scuds and concentrations
of 3.2 micrograms/Tand greater significantly (P<0.05)
reduced emergence of midges. The no-effect concen-
trations were 0.13 micrograms/l for growth of scuds
and 1.0 micrograms/l for emergence of midges. Daph-
nids continuously exposed to toxaphene accumulated
residues after 7 days that were 4,000 times (based on
organism wet weight) and water concentration of 0.06
micrograms/l. Whole body residues in midge larvae
were below the minimum detection limit of 0.1 micro-
grams/g. Maximum acceptable toxicant concentra-
tions (MATC) of toxaphene for the three species of
aquatic invertebrates were estimated using reproduc-
tion of daphnids, growth of scuds, and emergence of
midges as indicators of toxic effects. The MATC was
estimated to be between 0.07 and 0.12 micrograms/l
for daphnids, between 0.13 and 0.25 micrograms/l for
scuds, and between 1.0 and 3.2 micrograms/l for
midges.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Life cycles,
Growth, Reproduction(Biology), jnvertebrates, 'Toxic
substances, Toxaphene, Daphnids, Daphnia magna,
Scuds, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Midges, Chirono-
mus plumosus.
PB80-153679 PC A04/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.
S. Lakes. Part VII: Comparison of Some New and
Old Indices and Measurements of Trophic State.
Rept. for7Mar-14Nov73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, and V. W.
Lambou. Jul 79,64p EPA-600/3-79-079
See also Part 5, PB-298 443.
Thirty-eight indices and measurements of trophic state
were compared to evaluate their relative abilities to tro-
phically rank a test set of 44 eastern and southeastern
U.S. lakes, representing 17 states. Lake rankings
based upon total phosphorus and chlorophyll a levels
served as standards for evaluation of the indices by
Spearman Rank Correlation procedures. The new phy-
toplankton community-based indices turned in 4 of the
top 5 performances against the chlorophyll a standard,
while Secchi disk transparency, phosphorus loading
models, multivariate analyses, and total Kjeldahl nitro-
gen provided strong rank correlations with total phos-
phorus.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Indices(Ratios), Ranking, Evaluation, Turbidity,
Concentration(Concentration), Phosphorus, Chloro-
phylls, Algae, Bioassay, Comparison, Biomass, Con-
ductivity, United States, 'Trophic level, Eutrophication,
Biological indices, Species diversity.
PB80-153788 PC A02/MF A01
An Analysis of Test Procedure Changes Made
during 1975-1979 with Respect to Measured Fuel
Economy Effects. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Dec 78,13p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-09
This paper presents an analysis of each of the
changes in EPA test procedure since 1975 which have
been identified as potential areas where it may »»
argued that changes in EPA regulations have resulteo
in a decrease in measured vehicle fuel economy, i»
many cases these changes were technical improve-
ments which increased the accuracy of the test proce-
dure or provided for improved fuel economy recogni-
tion of technical improvements. In other instances
these changes were considered necessary to f~~"
must* unuiiutfs wuitt uuiisiuuieu ntrutjaaeuy iw \»~ •- .
or restrict abuses of various aspects of the EPA tuei
economy measurement procedures. In general, K Jjj
easy to demonstrate that under specific circumstances
a given vehicle might show a degradation in fuel econ-
omy between the 1975 and the 1979 model year tew
procedure. It is intended that this paper provide tn«
background information and the direction for indepjn
questioning of premises that changes in EPA reguijr
tions since 1975 have reduced measured fuel econo-
mies.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Regulations, Revisions, Performance
evaluation, Dynamometers, Predictions, Humidity con-
trol.
PB80-1 53885 MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnanyi°
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Assessment of Human Exposures to Atmosphere
Cadmium. Final rept, . n
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington'
VA.
Robert Coleman, James Leaf, Elizabeth Coffey, and
Paul Siebert. Jun 79, 138p EPA-450/5-79-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2836
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality-
The report is one of a series of reports which wit) be
used by EPA in responding to the Congressional man-
date under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 1°
determine whether atmospheric emissions of °?f'rn'ji.g
pose a threat to public health. The report identifies tne
population exposed to specified cadmium le veis "°^
selected point sources. The sources considered aw
iron and steel mills, municipal incinerators, Prtm?^
smelters (zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium), and sec-
ondary smelters (copper and zinc). Municipal incin er
ators are the chief contributors to the total POP"18"0-
exposed. Primary zinc and primary copper smelter*
are estimated to cause the highest concentratiqns. ,., •
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Public health.
Metals, Assessments, Exposure, Hum ans,
Concentratlon(Composition), Heavy metals, *Air pO"JJ
tion effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Environ-
mental health.
PB80-153893 PC A03/MF Aj>1
Average Lifetime Periods for Light-Duty TruCK*
and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Technical rept., ...
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, «"•
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn W. Passavant. Nov 79, 27p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-
24
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1 977 mandate the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to further con
trol emissions from light-duty trucks and heavy-pw
engines. This technical report uses published vehicle
scrappage and mileage accumulation data to estimaw
average lifetime periods for light-duty trucks an"
heavy-duty engines. These lifetime periods can r?
used in the air quality, economic impact, and cost ei
fectiveness analyses associated with the pending an"
upcoming rulemaking actions affecting light-duty an"
heavy-duty engines.
Keywords: "Trucks, 'Service life, Truck engines,
haust emissions, Statistical analysis, Ob
Life(Durability), 'Light duty trucks, 'Heavy duty
cles.
&•'
PC A08/MF AJJ
Energy Resource Developrn«"
r Quality: The San Juan
PB80-153901
Assessment of En
Impact on Water
Basin. Final rept., -
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., ua
Vegas, NV. ^
Susan M. Melancon, Terry S. Michaud, and Robert W-
Thomas. Nov 79, 163p EPA-600/7-79-235
840 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
n!lVeport Presents an evaluation of surface water
Snnl« ,the San Juan River Basin and discusses the
VMrtf. energy development upon water quality and
oreal availak>lty. The water quality data collected and
nafn? ln tn's reP°rt may be considered baseline in
(MMiEr T U8cd to evaluate future impacts on water
State L reporf was written for use by Federal,
ennm, ")ca' government agencies concerned with
em watreS°Urce devel°Pment and its impact on west-
DKJ2!*0"18'- 'Goal mining, *Water pollution, *San Juan
SodL 1s"1' Surface waters, Salinity, Stream flow,
S™'mepts, Environmental impacts, Runoff. Metals,
S' Turt>idity, Nitrogen, Dissolved gases,
Phosphorus, Calcium carbonates, Magnesl-
Sodlum, Concentration(Composition),
4a^a'' Energy source development, Baseline
Water quality data.
This
PC A08/MF A01
;-..»., Protection Agency, Research Triangle
•• Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
|nd Precursor Transport Into an Urban
Evaluation of Measurement Approaches.
, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Chan> Douglas W. Allard, and Ivar
Deo 79,166p EPA-450/4-79-039
A-68-02-3027
report evaluates five techniques for measuring
""•" of ozone and precursors into an urban
j
]l Precursors into an urban area. These tech-
« rial DW8rre tested '" Philadelphia during the summer
cata *K .The data collected in the field program indi-
m»Si .2 ln aeneral, advection of ozone aloft is the
J™P route by which pollution of photochemical inter-
jji™ transported into Philadelphia. Transport of ozone
and „„ •urface and transport of oxides of nitrogen
tha "on-methane hydrocarbons, both aloft and along
teehwi e' are minimal. Thus, the recommended
must primarily be able to quantify the
°rted "loft Of the five techniques, three
ined aPP|icable for quantifying the ozone
*!S8: 'Ozone, Air pollution, Urban areas, Nltro-
u • Atni°9Pheric motion, Hydrocarbons, Oxi-
™lea*uring instruments, Pennsylvania, 'Path of
,„ *Air Pollution sampling,
(Pennsylvania), Photochemical oxidants.
PCA15/MFA01
um: Guidelines for Control of Fluo-
tn on* (rom Exl»tlnO Primary Aluminum
Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Offioe 0< Alr duality Planning and Standards.
346p EPA-450/2-78-049B
report dated 1 4 Feb 79, PB-294 938.
This
PlanndP°urnent serves as a text to State agencies in
pT«wvg for control of fluoride emissions from existing
a,;?*"/ aluminum plants. Achievable fluoride capture
hoodinmoval efficiencies are given for new retrofit
vice* 9 and for Primary and secondary removal de-
arJTfi.fespectiveiy. Methods for deriving capital and
realized costs are illustrated by a few examples.
actiMir, 'lu°™te emission reductions achieved by
Wn;«p retrofits are given for ten plants, and the con-
scope of work is described in detail for three
plants. The guidelines are presented as rec-
~ control technologies that will achieve cer-
control efficiencies when applied as new
ints.
numE?* 'Air pollution control, 'Fluorides, 'Aluml-
itent CK8^' 'Guidelines, Air pollution control equip-
^"f- Efficiency, Cost analysis, Industrial plants, Envi-
Etectrn™' impacts, State government, Expenses,
trS^"letall"rgy, Assessments, Water pollution con-
ff- solid waste disposal, Retrofitting, Retrofit devices,
9fj6MPSllution effects(Humans), Air pollution
tlo^2tp|«nt8), Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollu-
^**t M fltOnfll 8).
PB80-153943 PC A05/MF A01
DRAFT Recommended Practice for Measurement
of Gaseous and Paniculate Emissions from
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Under Transient Con-
ditions. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. Apr 79,86p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-18
This document describes the equipment required and
the procedures to be followed in measuring exhaust
emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. For clarity
and continuity, this document is structured to be totally
compatible with the proposed heavy-duty gaseous
emission regulations (Federal Register, Vol. 44, No.
31, February 13,1979). It should be noted that (1) this
procedure does not negate or adversely affect the pro-
posed heavy-duty regulations, but merely specifies the
additional equipment and steps necessary for diesel
particulate testing; and (2) this format incorporates
diesel particulate testing for the 1983 and later model
years. Sections in the proposed heavy-duty gaseous
emission regulations which are affected by the incor-
poration of particulate testing are Included in this rec-
ommended practice. A vertical line in the left margin in-
dicates that a change to the proposed regulations has
been made on the adjacent line of the text. The specif-
ic changes are enclosed in brackets.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Laboratory equip-
ment, Particles, Regulations, Design, Sampling, Dyna-
mometers, Calibrating, Air pollution,
ConcentratlonlCompositlon), Hydrocarbons, 'Heavy
duty vehicles, * Diesel exhaust, *Alr pollution sampling,
Procedures.
PB80-153950 MF A01
Casual Mlsfuellng of Catalyst Equipped Vehicles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
James B. Long, pet 79,30p EPA-AA-TAEB-80-1
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
Five vehicles were tested using two different fuels.
After baseline emissions were established for each ve-
hicle the catalysts were poisoned by driving the cars
using one tank of leaded fuel. Unleaded fueFwas then
used for three consecutive tanks In order to investigate
the recovery capacity of the catalyst. After this phase
the catalysts were again poisoned in the same fashion
and again allowed to recover. In all cases the emis-
sions increased substantially after the exposure to
leaded fuel, and In all cases there was some recovery.
This pattern continued through the second mlsfuellng
and recovery sequence. The immediate increase in av-
erage hydrocarbon emissions for the test vehicles was
344% of the baseline. After the second recovery se-
quence, hydrocarbon emissions were 214% of the
baseline. For carbon monoxide the emissions in-
creased to 204% at the outset and recovered to 125%
of the baseline value at the completion of the test pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Catalytic converters, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Automotive fuels, Hydrocarbons,
Fuel consumption, 'Leaded fuels, 'Unleaded fuels.
PB80-154066 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Secondary Lead Smelters,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
John W. Watson, and Kathryn J. Brooks. Mar 79,131 p
MTR-7871. EPA-450/3-79-015
Contract EPA-68-02-2526
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary Sources: Subpart L • Second-
ary Lead Smelters. It Includes a summary of the cur-
rent standards, the status of applicable control tech-
nology, and the ability of secondary lead smelters to
meet the current standards. Compliance test results
are analyzed and a recommendation made to retain
the current standard. Information used in this report is
based upon data available as of November 1978.
Keywords: 'Smelters, 'Standards, Air pollution,
Lead(Metal), Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Technology, Furnaces, Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Reviews, 'Lead smelt-
ers, *Alr pollution abatement, New source perform-
ance standards.
PB80-154560 PC A99/MF A01
Compliance Status of Major Air Pollution Facili-
ties. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Feb 80,875p* EPA-34071-80-004
See also report dated Jun 79, PB-299 959.
This report is the tenth in a series of periodic reports
presenting the probable compliance status and related
facility information for major stationary sources of air
pollution. The contents or this report were generated
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Compliance Data System and are not Intended to rap-
resent the true legal status of facilities with respect to
applicable air pollution regulations but rather those fa-
cilities of Interest to the states or the Agency for fur-
ther investigation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Compliance,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Sulfur oxides,
Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Oxidizers, Hydro-
carbons, Standards, State government, Sources, Reg-
ulations, TablesfData), 'Stationary sources, Air quality
control regions, Photochemical oxidants.
PB80-164594 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Damage Assessment Studies Following the
NEPCO 140 OH Spill on the St. Lawrence River.
Final rept. Sep 76-Mar 79,
Saint Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission, Water-
town, NY.
Daniel J. Palm, Maurice M. Alexander, David M.
Phillips, and Patricia Longabucco. Dec 79,175p EPA-
600/7-79-256
Grant EPA-R-805031
Prepared In cooperation with State Univ. of New York
Coll. of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syra-
cuse.
The primary objective of this two-and-one half year re-
search effort was to determine the environmental and
economic impacts of the NEPC0140 oil spill. This spill
occurred In the freshwater environment of the St. Law-
rence River on June 23,1976. The cleanup operation,
which cost about 8.6 million dollars, was reviewed to
compare it to the priority cleanup scheme prepared by
a private consultant at the request of EPA. In addition,
field surveys of residual hydrocarbons were undertak-
en in the fall and spring following the spill to determine
the effects of time and the elements on these residu-
als. Upon completion ol a short background discussion
on petroleum In the environment and a description of
the study area, information is provided regarding the
diversity and abundance of wildlife In the study area.
The economic Impacts of the epill are summarized In
terms of direct economic Impact experienced by both
residential and commercial property owners as well as
other classes of riparian property owners.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Oil pollution, 'Saint Lawrence
River, Wildlife, Damage assessment, Environmental
Impacts, Hydrocarbons, Fishes, Birds, Aquatic ani-
mals, Aromatic hydrocarbons. Abundance,
Tables(Data), Recreation, Cost analysis, Economic
Impact, New York, 'Oil spills, Clean up.
PB80-154602 PC A04/MF A01
Review of Standards of Performance for Electric
Arc Furnaces In Steel Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 79.59p EPA-45C/3-70-033
The purpose of this study is to review the current new
source performance standards (NSPS) for electric arc
furnaces (EAF) In the steel industry and to assess the
need for revision on the basis of developments that
either have occurred or are expected to occur In the
near future: this document contains background Infor-
mation, current status of emission control technology
for EAF's, and recommendations for revision of the
standard.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Electric arc fur-
naces, 'Standards, *Alr pollution control, Reviews,
Sources, Air pollution, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products. Process charting, Design, 'New
source performance standards, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Fugitive emissions.
December 1983 841
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-154610 PC A16/MF A01
Response to Comments: Guidance on Dose
Limits for Persons Exposed to Transuranium Ele-
ments In the General Environment. Technical rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 78, 351 p EPA-520/4-78-010
See also report dated Sep 77, PB-290 314.
The report gives responses to comments received to
the publication of proposed Federal Radiation Protec-
tion Guidance On Dose Limits For Persons Exposed
To Transuranium Elements In the Environment (42FR
60956) and Summary Report (EPA 520/4-77-016).
The Agency concluded that the comments raised no
new issues, and therefore the proposed recommenda-
tions should be submitted to the President with only
minor changes for promulgation as guidance to all
Federal agencies. Comments and corresponding staff
responses are grouped by major subject categories.
New or revised sections for the Summary Report are
included on a number of different topics. These include
sections on the costs of remedial actions, implementa-
tion, dose rates and risks from soluble transuranium
compounds, assessment of potential health risks to
persons outside the boundaries of the Rocky Flats
Plant, and an analysis of a soil sampling method.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Radiation dosage,
'Transuranium elements, 'Health physics, Radiation
tolerance, Public health, Contamination, Implementa-
tion, Economic analysis, 'Maximum permissible expo-
sure, 'Environmental health, Dose limits, Health risks.
PB80-154818 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Div. of Build-
ings and Community Systems.
Determination of the Calorific Value of Refuse-
Derlved-Fuels by Large-Bomb Calorlmetry Sum-
mary of the 1978 Fiscal Year Results. Interim rept.
1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
D. R. Kirklin, E. S. Domalski, and D. J. Mitchell. Jan 80,
38pNBSIR-80-1968
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Div. of Buildings and Community Systems,
and Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
An oxygen bomb calorimeter which can accommodate
a 25 gram sample of refuse or a refuse-derived-fuel
(RDF) has been designed and constructed at the Na-
tional Bureau of Standards for the purpose of studying
the effects of sample processing on the measured cal-
orific value of such material. This large calorimeter is
an enlarged and modified version of a conventional-
size calorimeter also in use at NBS. The large calorim-
eter can handle samples ten times larger than the con-
ventional-size calorimeter and therefore can be used
to investigate RDF samples with either minimal or no
processing. Calorimetric results are presented for cal-
orific value measurements carried out on d(densified)-
RDF in both calorimetric systems. The result of this in-
vestigation indicate that the calorific value of d-RDF is
unaffected by the sample processing technique used
at NBS.
Keywords: 'Heat measurement, 'Calorimeters,
'Refuse, Fuels, Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Cali-
brating, Combustion, 'Refuse derived fuels.
PB80-154883 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Benzene-Related Petroleum Proc-
essing Operations. Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Terry Brings,, and Vijay P. Patel. Oct 78,60p EPA-450/
3-79-022
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
This report describes refinery processing of liquids
with high benzene concentrations. Processes which
are addressed include aromatics extraction (both sul-
folane and glycol solvent processes), toluene dealky-
lation, and toluene disproportionation. Each process is
described and modeled. In addition, a list and charac-
terization of the 45 plants in the United States process-
ing liquids with high benzene concentrations is pre-
sented. Characteristics include, where possible, com-
pany name, plant location, benzene process, and ben-
zene production rate.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, 'Benzene, 'Refiner-
ies, 'Air pollution control, Concentration(Composition),
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Surveys, Tol-
uene, Distillation, Process charting, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Solvent extraction.
PB80-155153 CP T02
CICIS - Chemical Production Information Tape.
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Chris Harvey, and Susan Bloodworth. Apr 80, mag
tape EPA/DF-80/005
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
This tape is a computer readable version of the pro-
duction and plant site information associated with the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Sub-
stance Inventory. Initial Inventory. For a complete un-
derstanding of the data contained on this tape it is nec-
essary to read the introductory material in the hard-
copy version. This description will only touch on a few
important points. This tape contains two major sec-
tions. The first section is a file containing information
describing the plants that manufacture or import the
chemicals in the inventory. The second section is a file
describing the production or importation volumes of
each chemical at each plant. This tape does not sup-
plant the original inventory, but must be used in con-
junction with it to identify chemicals by name. On this
tape, chemicals are identified only by CAS Registry
Number.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Chemical industry,
Concentration(Composition), Manufacturing, 'Toxic
Substances Control Act.
PB80-1S5393 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of HC (Hydrocarbon) Control Strate-
gies for General Aviation Piston Engines. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard S. Wilcox. Jul 79,19p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-17
In support of the current final rulemaking action for air-
craft emission standards, the cost effectiveness of
controlling hydrocarbon (HC) exhaust emissions from
general aviation piston-powered aircraft (P1) is evalu-
ated. Houtman previously evaluated the cost effective-
ness of controlling this source for HC and carbon mon-
oxide (CO). Recent analyses by Jordan and FAA have
indicated that these aircraft are not major contributors
to violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard for CO which adversely affect the public health and
welfare. Although HC emissions from general aviation
are also small when compared to many other sources,
the oxidant problem is so widespread that all reasona-
ble controls should be implemented. Based on this
premise, several potentially cost-effective control
strategies for these aircraft are evaluated to determine
if reductions in HC from general aviation piston-pow-
ered aircraft are justified.
Keywords: 'General aviation aircraft, 'Piston engines,
'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Cost effectiveness, Air injection,
Emission control.
PB80-155443 PC A02/MF A01
Partlculate Measurement-Evaluation of the
Equivalency of the Three-Bag and Four-Bag LA-4
Dynamometer Test Procedures. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. Mar 79,9p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-15
An evaluation of the equivalency of paniculate meas-
urements taken with the three-filter/cold-start/simulat-
ed hot-start (3-bag) dynamometer procedure and
measurements taken with the two-filter/cold-start/hot-
start (4-bag) dynamometer procedure has been com-
pleted. Two different light-duty diesel vehicles were
used in this evaluation. Data from each of these vehi-
cles indicate that the corrected mass of total suspend-
ed paniculate material with either of the procedures
are equal.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Dynamometers, Particle density(Measurement),
Diesel engines, Air pollution, Measuring instruments,
Light duty vehicles.
PB80-155518 PC A02/MF AOl
Prediction of U.S. Annual Fuel Consumption oy
Passenger Automobiles. Technical rept., ...
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Tamara Ward, and Glenn Thompson. 1 979, 23p erw
AA-SDSB-79-12
This report presents a computer model which can i be
used to predict trends in U.S. passenger vehicle TOW
consumption. While this model is relatively smipw •»>
allow easy use, it is sufficiently detailed to piWK»»rn
curate relative predictions of different conservaiio"
strategies.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Automobiles,
ger vehicles, Forecasting, Trends, Mathe
models, Energy models.
PB80-155542 PC A16/MFAOl
Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water _'•»'
1978. Volume 1. Great Basin and Snake River
Basin above King Hill. Annual rept. 1 Oct 77-30 WP
7ft
Geological Survey, Boise, ID. Water Resources Div.
Sep 79,366p USGS/WRD/HD-79/052, USGS-WDn-
See also report for Water Year 1977, PB-296 545 arid
Volume 2 for Water Year 1978, PB80-155559. rnr
pared in cooperation with Idaho Dept. of Water no-
sources, Boise.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Idaho
consist of records of stage, discharge, and waterM"*.
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality «
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qua
ity of ground water. This report in two volumes cw
tains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; stay;
only records for 2 gaging stations; stage for 6 iaw>j
contents for 24 lakes and reservoirs; water qualityjw
103 gaging stations, 48 partial-record stations, •£•
179 wells; and water levels for 429 observation *w"jj
Also included are data for 57 crest-stage partial-reco'
stations and 191 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Surface waters, *lda!j?'
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Stream*
Reservoirs, Water table, Water wells, Temperature.
Tables(Data), Great Basin, Snake River Basin, yvai
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(waie'"
Water levels.
PB80-155559 PC A17/MF A«J
Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water '••.
1978. Volume 2. Upper Columbia River Basin «•»
Snake River Basin below King Hill. Annual rept
Oct 77-30 Sep 78. _.„
Geological Survey, Boise, ID. Water Resources LW.
Sep 79,389p USGS/WRD/HD-79/053 nd
See also report for Water Year 1977, PB-296 545 aiw
Volume 1 for Water Year 1978, PB80-155542. "•
pared in cooperation with Idaho Dept. of Water n
sources, Boise.
Water resources data for the 1 978 water year
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qu»,
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water qual"* a|.
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qu
ity of ground water. This report in two volumes av
tains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; suw
only records for 2 gaging stations; stage for 6 law? '
contents for 24 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality ^,
103 gaging stations, 48 partial-record stations, »'"
179 wells; and water levels for 429 observation we" •
Also included are data for 57 crest-stage partial-reco1
stations and 191 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, '
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Stream.'
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Dawj
Columbia River Basin, Snake River Basin, vvj",
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Waw"'
Water levels.
PB80-156136 PC A06/MF AOj
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trie™
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stan"'
842 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Empirical Studies of the Relationships Between
emissions and Visibility In the Southwest. Interim
rept May 78-Mar 79,
KJ. !)nol°9y Service Corp., Santa Fe, NM.
7™1 Vn Marians, and John Trijonis. Sep 79, 1 18p EPA-
•taU/5-79.009
warrtEPA-802815
Historical emission trends of SOx, NOx, and NMHC
are determined year-by-year from 1948 to 1975 for
anri ??utnwestern slates (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada,
«£> Utah). Trends in visibility levels (medians and
ituo Percentiles) are documented for the period
Bo«976 at 12 airports in the Southwest. Two analy-
«ra are used to relate emission changes to variations
JL. 8!°nal extinction levels. The first analysis exam-
d irr air Quality changes associated with a 90% re-
mn *." °* Southwestern SOx emissions during a nine-
^S™J copper strike and estimates the extinction pro-
a«r $ y S<^X emissions on various spatial scales. The
hioT • analysis involves regression studies relating
"istorical extinction levels from 1948-1975. Because
dnnr otls in the analytical methods, there is a high
thn «. J? uncertainty in many of the results. However,
"o studies do provide insights into the effects of aero-
2J1J Precursor emissions on extinction at various dis-
oi <*n •rorn sources. In the case of mesoscale effects
ornr, ln the Southwest, quantitative coefficients are
>""Posed which link emissions to regional extinction.
[Jeywords: "Air pollution, 'Visibility, Hydrocarbons, Ni-
C^n oxides, Sulfur oxides,
NowSrtl?tlon(CornP°sition), Arizona, Colorado,
evada. Utah, -Southwest Region(United States).
pc A10/MF A01
teln i al|ty Study, Grand Lake, Shadow Moun-
EmLUlte' Lake Granby, Colorado, 1974.
?nrnental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Tech-
.
225p EPA-908/2-77-002, SA/TIB-32
and'nV8lop additional information on the effect of point
conHv n"point sources of wastes and on the trophic
da! n of tne three lakes, EPA conducted an investi-
Uka. ?L Grand, Shadow Mountain, and Granby
• VTe study. conducted in June and repeated
n'V September, 1974, concentrated on (1) the de-
- ?o\on °' tne 8X'8tin9 nutrient level in each of the
*ne determination of the existing organic and
nutriftnt I
and tt\ «loading.s from P°int and non-point sources;
as of i Determination of the probable consequenc-
Qarrto eased nutrient levels in the three lakes as re-
al T^'sance algal growth. Sampling was conducted
1 locations throughout the study area.
Mdf*ords: 'Water pollution, 'Grand Lake, 'Shadow
turn r Lake- "Grandby Lake, Sampling, Tempera-
Nitron nductivity, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Bacteria,
Turbidit?' Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus,
tan T i! "^chemical oxygen demand, Phytoplank-
'• 'ables(Data), Colorado, 'Trophic level, Point
ulces, Nonpoint sources, 'Water quality data.
PC A05/MF A01
°< New Source Performance Standards
-1 Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Herring. Nov 79,85p* EPA-450/3-79-038
ards /KSITulgation of new source performance stand-
1975 ;f PS) for the Phosphate fertilizer industry, in
the* ;.jPrrimercial applications of a few new systems
be^ 'eauce air pollution from phosphate plants have
fica,. "Ported. These include scrubbing system modi-
proceT8 hat reduce the size of ponds used to cool
Also a wateT« and reduce pond fluoride emissions.
Pr°Prietary new process produces a stable
' triple superphosphate (GTSP) directly. This
L reduces or eliminates the emissions o< fluor-
TU particulate during the curing, storage
i new GTSP process also eliminates the
of certain process gas, thus reducing re-
et nr' 9
tio iSL ?n9 0< phosphate rock, in place of dry grind-
sSurlr ee.n introduced, which eliminates dryers and
active,8? emissions that include particulate with radio-
ably J^".'6™. NSPS revision, however, would prob-
m , e significant impact now because the
• new and nnodified source construction in this
«d to lae?"1?"1 and because industry growth project-
i. 85 '8 negligible. The recommendation is,
•ore, made not to develop NSPS revisions new,
but to assess additional developments in this industry
in four years, and then reconsider possible revision.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Air
pollution control, 'Reviews, Sources, Particles, Stand-
ards, Industrial wastes, Scrubbing, Ponds, Law en-
forcement, Revisions, Fluorides, Phosphoric acid,
Limestone, Chemical reactions, Process charting,
Design, Grinding(Comminution), 'New source per-
formance standards, Fugitive emissions, Wet meth-
ods, Superphosphates, Ammonium phosphates, Phos-
phate rock.
PB80-156169 PC A06/MF A01
Regulatory Options for the Control of Odors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
George H. Wahl, Jr. Feb 80,84p EPA-450/5-80-003
This report was prepared in response to Sec. 403b of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977. Together with
'Odors from Stationary and Mobile Sources' prepared
by the National Academy ot Sciences it constitutes the
Report to Congress of EPA. This report surveys cur-
rent State and local odor regulations, evaluates the ef-
fectiveness of regulations similar in form to those that
might be promulgated under the Clean Air Act, and
then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of
alternative Clean Air Act regulatory strategies. The
report concludes that federal regulatory involvement in
odor control does not appear to be warranted at this
time.
Keywords: 'Odor pollution, 'Regulations, Substitutes,
State government, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Exhaust emissions. Standards, 'Air quality,
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB80-156177 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Existing Visibility Levels In the United States. Iso-
pleth Maps of Visibility In Suburban/Nonurban
Area During 1974-76. Interim rept. May-Sep 78,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Fe., NM.
John Trijonis, and Dawn Shapland. Sep 79,35p EPA-
450/5-79-010
GrantEPA-802815
Maps are prepared which illustrate median, mid-day
visibility levels in suburban/nonurban locations of the
continental United States. Median visibilities at 94 lo-
cations are determined from cumulative frequency dis-
tributions of quality-checked airport observations.
Seven locations in the Southwest with photographic
photometry or nephelometry data (which agree quite
well with the airport data) are also included. The spatial
pattern of visibility is demonstrated with isopleth maps
for both the annual medians and summertime medians
during the years 1974-1976.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'United States, Rural areas, Sub-
urban areas, Seasonal variations, Maps.
PB80-156284 PC A23/MF A01
Selected Topics: Transuranium Elements In the
General Environment. Technical note.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Jun 78, 541 p ORP/CSD-78-1
The object of the publication is to make available se-
lected reports that were not included in the summary
report, 'Proposed Guidance on Dose Limits tor Per-
sons Exposed to Transuranium Elements in the Gen-
eral Environment' (PB-290 314). These reports contain
additional material on the transuranium elements with
respect to movement through environmental pathways
leading to the exposure of individuals. Also included
are sections on dosimetry models, potential biological
effects following inhalation and ingestion, environmen-
tal sampling and radioohemical procedures, and the
technology and costs for cleaning up contaminated
land areas.
Keywords: 'Transuranium elements,
Concentration(Composition), Radiation dosage, Radi-
ation hazards, Radiation decontamination, 'Radioeco-
logical concentration, Radionuclide migration.
PB80-157217 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Sulfuric Acid Rain on Two Model Hard-
wood Forests: Throughfall, Litter Leachate, and
Soil Solution. Final rept. 1975-79,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Jeffrey J. Lee, and David E. Weber. Jan 80,50p EPA-
600/3-80-014
Simulated sulfuric acid rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.6)
was applied to model forests containing either sugar
maple (Acer saccharum) or red alder (Alnus rubra).
Water samples were collected above and below the
canopy, below the litter, and from 20 cm and 1 m
below the surface of the soil. While throughfall chemis-
try was not very different from rain chemistry, the litter
leachate (the actual input to the soil) had consistently
higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium, and
higher pH than the acid rain. For the first 6 months, sul-
fate absorbtion by the soil prevented any apparent dif-
ferences in sulfate, calcium, or magnesium concentra-
tions in the 20-cm soil solution among plots receiving
acid or control rain treatments. Sulfate concentrations
on plots receiving the most acid rain (pH 3.0) then
became increasingly higher than on the other plots
until after 3 years, they were approximately equal to
sulfate concentrations in the rain. Increased calcium
and magnesium concentrations and lowered pH in 20-
cm soil solution occurred simultaneously with in-
creased sulfate concentrations. No acid rain related
effects were evident in the 1-m soil solution even after
3.5 years exposure to pH 3.0 sulfuric acid rain.
Keywords: "Rainfall, 'Water pollution, 'Forest trees,
Sampling, Sulfuric acids, Soil analysis, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Absorption, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Maple trees. Chemi-
cal properties, Rain, Computerized simulation, Mathe-
matical models, Leaching, 'Acid precipitation, Acer
saccharum, Alnus rubra, LEACH model.
PB80-157241 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Inventory
for Tennessee Eastman Company,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Durham, NC.
ArthurB. Nunn, III. Dec 78,102p EPA-904/9-78-023
Contract EPA-68-02-2541
This document is an emission inventory of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) for the Tennessee Eastman
Company complex in Kingsport, Tennessee. A listing
of emissions, VOC compound, and level of control is
listed for each emission source based on data in the
State's permit files and plant inspection.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, 'In-
ventories, Sources, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, State government, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Tennes-
see, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air quality, State imple-
mentation plans, Kingsport(Tennessee), Clean Air
Amendments of 1970, Clean Air Amendments of 1977.
PB80-157258 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Wyoming Lakes.
Rept. for 21 Feb-11 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Nov 79,50p EPA-600/3-79-122
The report presents the species and abundance of
phytoplankton in the 14 lakes sampled by the National
Eutrophication Survey in the State of Wyoming. Re-
sults from the calculation of several water quality indi-
ces are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State Index,
Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species diversity
and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Surveys, Abundance, Distribution(Property), Algae,
Seasonal variations, Classifications, Wyoming, Eutro-
phication, 'Trophic level, 'Species diversity, Btoindica-
tors.
PB80-157282 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Capital and Operating Costs of Selected Air Pollu-
tion Control Systems. Final rept.,
GARD, Inc., Niles, IL.
December 1983 843
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. B. Neveril. Dec 78.285p EPA-450/5-80-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2899
See also report dated May 76, PB-258 484.
The purpose of this manual is to provide capital and
operating costs for air pollution control systems. Cap-
ital costs are provided for component equipments.
such as ductwork, dampers, heat exchangers, me-
chanical collectors, fans, motors, stacks, cooling
towers, pumps, and dust removal equipment. Eight
types of control devices are included: (1) high voltage
electrostatic preclpitators; (2) venturi scrubbers; (3)
fabric filters; (4) thermal and catalytic incinerators; (5)
adsorbers; (6) absorbers; (7) refrigeration; and (8)
(lares. Operating and maintenance costs are provided
lor complete systems. A discussion of the control de-
vices and factors affecting costs is included, along with
design parameters for 52 industries. In preparing this
manual, the main objective was to 'break-out' the indi-
vidual component costs so that realistic system cost
estimates can be determined for the design peculiar-
ities of any specific application.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, *Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Electro-
static precipftators, Scrubbers, Air filters, Incinerators,
Absorbers(tquipment), Adsorption, Refrigerating,
Flares, Cost estimates, Fabric filters, Venturi scrub-
bers.
PB80-157290 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance to State and Local Agencies In Prepar-
ing Regulations to Control Volatile Organic Com-
pounds from Ten Stationary Source Categories.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Stephen V. Capone, and Malcolm W. Petroccia. Sep
79,375p GCA-TR-79-38-G. EPA-450/2-79-004
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
This document provides assistance to state and local
air pollution control agencies in preparing Reasonably
Available Control Technology (RACT) regulations for
10 industrial categories covered by the Control Tech-
niques Guidelines (CTG) documents published be-
tween January 1978 and January 1979. The CTG
source categories covered by this report are as fol-
lows: Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment; Sur-
face Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Prod-
ucts; Manufacture of Vegetable Oil; Surface Coating of
Flat Wood Paneling; Manufacture of Synthesized
Pharmaceutical Products; Manufacture of Pneumatic
Rubber Tires; Graphic Arts - Rotogravure and Flexog-
raphy; Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating
Root Tanks; Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Systems;
and Leaks from Gasoline Tank Trucks and vapor Col-
lection Systems. The intent of this report is to provide a
rational and factual basis for state and local agencies
to develop industry-specific RACT regulations in their
own codes. A specific sample regulation is written for
each CTG industrial category. After each section
within each sample regulation there is a discussion of
information pertinent to that section. Appendix A con-
tains general provisions which are not based on the
CTG documents but are provided strictly as additional
information for regulatory agencies' consideration. Ap-
pendix B contains written comments received on the
draft final report, reprinted in their entirety.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Regulations, State
government, Air pollution. Guidelines, Petroleum in-
dustry. Leaks, Vegetable oils, Manufacturing, Drugs,
Rubber industry, Fuel tanks, 'Air pollution abatement,
Stationary sources.
PB80-157316 PC A14/MF A01
State and Local Grant Awards, October 1978-
March 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1979,31 Op EPA-GAD/2-79-02
See also report for Oct 77-Mar 78, PB-289 857.
This publication provides information about the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's State and Local Assist-
ance Program Grants awarded during the period Octo-
ber 1978 - March 1979. The data is listed by State, pro-
gram, and grantee name. Each record provides appli-
cant name, municipality, title, project director, grant
identification number, type of grant award, date and
dollar amount of award.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution control,
'Grants, Construction, States(United States),
Tables(Data), Municipalities.
PB80-158108 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Sediment-Pollutant Relationships In Runoff from
Selected Agricultural, Suburban, and Urban Wa-
tersheds. A Statistical Correlation Study. Final
rept. Sep 77-Sep 78,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
Stanley W. Zison. Jan 80,150p EPA-600/3-80-022
Contract EPA-68-03-2611
Data from agricultural, suburban, and urban water-
sheds were subjected to statistical correlation analysis
to estimate potency factors. These factors are coeffi-
cients that, when multiplied by sediment mass emis-
sion rates (transported in runoff), provide estimates of
mass emission rates for other pollutants. The potency
factors are required input for such lumped-parameter
runoff models as the Nonpoint Source (NFS) Model
and the Storm-Water Management Model (SWMM).
The data were also subjected to multiple regression
analysis to examine the effect of storm parameters on
runoff water quality and the interrelationship among
runoff water quality constituent concentrations them-
selves (other than sediment load).
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, Simulation, Sta-
tistical analysis, Sediment transport, Particles, Correla-
tion techniques, Variability, Estimating, 'Nonpoint
sources, Suspended solids, Storm water runoff, Agri-
cultural watersheds.
PB80-158454 PC A12/MF A01
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Effectiveness of Alternative Skid Reduction
Measures. Volume I. Evaluation of Accident Rate-
Skid Number Relationships. Final rept. Jun 73-Nov
78,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
R. R. Blackburn, D. W. Harwood, A. D. St. John, and M.
C. Sharp. Nov 78,254p FHWA-RD-79-22
Contract DOT-FH-11-8120
See also Volume 2, PB80-158462.
Relationships were developed between wet-pavement
accident rate and skid number for various combina-
tions of highway type, area type (urban/rural) and traf-
fic volume. Accident rate, skid number and related
data were collected for two one-year periods on 428
highway sections located in 16 states. An extensive
statistical analysis of the data was conducted using
matched-pair comparisons, regression analysis ana
analysis of covariance. The analysis found a small, but
statistically significant, influence of skid number on
wet-pavement accident rate. A linear relationship with
skid number explained the variation in wet-pavement
accident rate as well, or better, than any simple loga-
rithmic or polynomial function.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Motor vehicle accidents,
'Skid resistance, Urban areas, Rural areas, Vehicular
traffic, States(United States), Statistical analysis, 'Wet
pavements, Accident rates.
PB80-158660 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Local Land-Use and Landownershlp Patterns
Near a Power Plant-Wisconsin Power Plant Impact
Study. Final rept. Noy 69-Apr 75,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Environmental Monitoring
and Data Acquisition Group.
Michael Patrick Shaver, and Philip Page. Jan 80,71 p
EPA-600/3-80-021
Grant EPA-R-803971
As a result of the construction of the Columbia Gener-
ating Station (Columbia I) near Portage, Wisconsin, the
three sponsoring utility companies began making com-
pensation payments in 1971 to the host township, Pa-
cific Township, Columbia County. As specified by Wis-
consin statutes, these payments are designed to com-
pensate the township for property tax losses caused
by the plant, for possible increased costs for social
services, and lor possible increased environmental
degradation. Despite recent amendments to the stat-
utes, these payments have created a 'tax island' in Pa-
cific Township; that is, the township no longer needs to
levy any local property tax. Property records and land-
use maps indicate that by 1975 residential develop-
ment had accelerated in the township, although no sig-
nificant increase in commercial or industrial develop-
ment was evident. The sharp upturn in the rate of row-
dential growth contrasted with a continuous W"™?%>
erate rate of growth in the adjacent township ot i-wj
Winnebago. The change in Pacific Township wa*jjT
companied by decreases in the average size of indjv ro-
ual property holdings and in the average size of in*J?j
ual property sales. No significant change was foun on
the proportion of absentee or corporate owners in w
township.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Electric power plants, Law
titles, Economic impact, Social effect, Communlfles.
Land acquisition, Sales, Housing studies, Real Prof^,
ty, Environmental impacts, Steam electric power ge»
oration, Taxes, Wisconsin, 'Land ownership, L*}*
fired power plants, PortagefWisconsin), Pacnj-
TownshipfWisconsin), Columbia County(Wisconsinj,
Property taxes, Environment protection.
PB80-158702 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IA*
Office of Transportation and Land Use Policy.
Transportation Air Quality Analysis - Sketch H*J
nlng Methods. Volume I: Analysis Methods. Fins'
rept.
Cambridge Systematics, Inc., MA.
Dec 79, 284p EPA-400/1 -80-001 A
Contract EPA-68-01 -4977 . _rt
See also Volume 2, PB80-1 58710. Sponsored in PJ"
by Urban Mass Transportation Administration, wa»
ington, DC.
Analytical methodologies are described (in volurnjjj
and illustrated (in Volume II) for use by metropolis1"
planning organizations and other state and local ' |™J-|
portation agencies in analyzing the air quality P0'er"v
of candidate urban transportation measures.
sketch planning techniques, the methods are
to produce first-cut estimates of a proposed t
tation measure's impact for a relatively small '."TLa
ment of time and effort. Quantitative methods onenw"
to auto restricted zones, high occupancy vehicle p"»
ities, transit improvements, parking programs, w*
pool/vanpool incentives, and staggered work now
are provided. The methods use worksheet, pr°flrB'|0
mable calculator, and computerized approaches
apply disaggregate behavioral models, they can>f
used to predict traveller demand as a function of."?"
portation system characteristics, transportation faciv
es
costs. Guidelines are provided both to those resP
ble for designing the transportation-air quality W
approaches in specific local areas, and to tnose
will carry out these analyses. In addition,
are provided to documents which provide
detail on the methods.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Urban pl«nnJJJ
Local government, State government. Estimates, =Y|
terns management, Mathematical models, '":„„.
demand, Highways, Exhaust emissions, En^00/,,!.
tal impacts, Fuel consumption, Operating c°s»"
Guidelines, 'Air pollution abatement, Traffic "JJ
zones, High occupancy vehicles, Car pools, Compul
applications.
PB80-158710 PC A15/MF Afll
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, ^"
Office Transportation and Land Use Policy. _.-.,,
Transportation Air Quality Analysis - Sketch P'»n
nlng Methods. Volume II: Case Studies. Final rep1-
Central North Carolina Regional Library, Burlington-
Dec 79, 334p EPA-400/1 -80-001 B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4977 , nart
See also Volume 1, PB80-1 58702. Sponsored n P»
by Urban Mass Transportation Administration, VVB='
ington, DC.
.ug
This handbook presents case studies illustrating' .
application of a selection of techniques for transpO|»
tion-air quality planning. The analysis approaches"'"
trated here should be useful in developing the uju
portation portions of State Implementation r»»
(SIP's), as required to meet national ambient air fl"8
standards under the Clean Air Act, as amende"
U.S.C. 1857 et seq.). The effects these rtie
would have-on travel; the transportation s
energy conservation; and a host of other social,
ronmental, economic, and financial concerns; a*
844 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cbSD, ?ua|lty--was evaluated within a broadly parti-
822?' ,interaetive planning process. Case study I:
stiiS/H Vaoll|ty reserved for oarpools and buses. Case
StSi, 9°*ntowi auto restricted zone. Case study III:
°ua priority strategies for a radial urban corridor.
Ln£!i0rds: *Ur°an transportation, 'Urban planning,
tain. aovernment, State government, Estimates, Sys-
d'l? janagement, Mathematical models, Travel
tal im H'9nways, Exhaust emissions, Environmen-
QuiJ"/.Pacts, Fuel consumption, Operating costs,
zone. L?8' *Air Pollution abatement, Traffic free
anniu' i1'9" occupancy vehicles, Car pools, Computer
"^"cations, Case studies.
PC A08/MF A01
Q..T-. '»"oou PC A08/MF A01
Wa>i.y Environmental Impact Statement for
laem f^r Acuities and the Wastewater Man-
merit Pr°9i*m. Draft environmental impact state-
Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
167pEPA-908/5-80-001A
report dated Aug 76, PB-257 050.
treatm2Vironmental impact statement discusses nine
ortv M ?.m Processes for handling wastewater from the
coneL eelev- Also addressed are ten araas of public
cieneil relative to those alternatives: treatment effi-
*at«r ~ ' **""«rrt quality, surface water quality, ground
|anrt i._quall'y. Public health, odor, visual, agriculture,
u»o and cost
*Sewaqe treatment, 'Environmental
on,» 8«tements-draft, Activated sludge process,
WatBrc(p.onds). Water quality, Irrigation, Ground
Sewan acs waters, Odors, Public health, Colorado,
aPMcar treat"lem plants, Greeley(Colorado), Land
PC A16/MF A01
Offip=,17!?ntal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
C^Bpf Research and Development.
r»nt B. ,ve Agrsement for the Evaluation of Cur-
oiPrin?uronm*n1al Rwwch and Establishment
PermSu ••Rnal rePl 8 Mar'31 Oct 79-
Heato?D{ania State Univ., University Park. Program in
*pr So ,la"nin8and Administration.
^" "0.351 p EPA-600/9-80-021
I87oee°rt covers a period from April 16,1979 - May 3,
tW.'Jhe Project described had the following objec-
evaluate the adequacy of current environmen-
ated regulatory
OfltleVS? and budgetary planning; and to establish prf-
nrv_? w funding environmental research and devel-
• appropriate to public health initiatives. At a
1 meetings, invited scientists addressed specif-
""—mat and public health issues; Manage-
-wurro „. -sedation; Measurement and Analysis;
»ure c« ,aracterization and Control; Human Expo-
•- ' C1?ct8, and Monitoring; and Environmental Proc-
' trfects, and Monitoring. Six member working
m"™ presented officials in the EPA Office of
nd Development with information utilized in
the Fiscal Year 1981 budget. A second
"9 was then convened to discuss and develop
-wurn^f • ° 9uestions raised by EPA officials. This
Which l"' '"eludes the reports of the 20 committees
"--1 ,L" 'for the first series of meetings, the ques-
raised by EPA officials, and the reports of the
' n meeting, prepared in response to the ques-
s5Soe»in8: *,f "'onties, Funds, Evaluation, Cooperation,
an.«°»ng^.Regulations, Planning, Public health, Man-
; Conservation, Measurement, Analysis, Con-
' onng, 'Environmental health, Research and
ent.
END..
^- • PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Co« cand Water Management for Conventional
*"W. i -U8*'on Assessment Report - 1979.
, 7'j* I. Executive Summary. Final rept. Sep 77-
"" JiurD.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
'trianam, R. R. Lunt, C. B. Cooper, D. E.
and I. Bodek. Jan 80,102p EPA-600/7-
The report Is an executive summary, the first of five
volumes giving a detailed assessment of the state-of-
the-art of water and waste management technology
for conventional combustion of coal. Various R and D
programs sponsored by EPA and private Industry have
achieved significant results in many areas. Substantial
progress has been made in characterizing major
wastewater streams and in determining physical,
chemical, and engineering properties of flue gas clean-
ing (FGC) wastes. Overall water management studies
have shown that more efficient water recycle/reuse
can be achieved, and can serve as models for water
management plans in new facilities. Generation of
FGC wastes is expected to increase dramatically. Utili-
zation of FGC wastes is also expected to grow, but
much more slowly. Major FGC waste disposal meth-
ods are ponding, disposal in managed fills, and mine
disposal. Progress in dewatering and stabilization
processes is expected to increase the relative attracti-
veness and viability of the latter two methods. Poten-
tial environmental impacts are primarily contamination
of surface water and groundwater, and land degrada-
tion (physical instability, large land requirements);
actual impacts are site- and system-specific. Applying
appropriate control technology can mitigate adverse
impacts. Disposal costs are $9-15 per dry ton of FGC
wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, Air pollution control equipment, Fly ash, Sulfur
dioxide, Electric power plants, Boilers, Recirculation,
Economic analysis, Substitutes, Flue gases, Waste
water reuse, Flue gas desulfurization, Waste recycling,
State of the art.
PB80-159262 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Program,
Rochester, NY. Volume II. Pilot Plant Evaluations.
Final rept. May 74-Sep 77,
O'Brien and Gere Engineers, Inc., Syracuse, NY,
Frank J. Drehwing, Cornelius B. Murphy, Jr., Steven R.
Carver, Donald F. Geisser, and Dillp Bhargava. Jul 79,
216p EPA-600/2-79-013B
Grant EPA-Y005141
The pilot plant treatability studies were designed to
interact with combined sewer overflow (CSp) monitor-
ing and system modeling efforts for the Rochester
Pure Water District with the ultimate objective of evalu-
ating CSO abatement alternatives. The studies cov-
ered treatment by the following unit processes: floccu-
latlon/sedimentatlon, swirl degrlttlng and swirl primary
separation, microscreening with sonic cleaning, dual-
media filtration, activated carbon adsorption, sludge
dewatering and high-rate disinfection. Pilot operations
covered 19 overflow events during the period of Sep-
tember 1975 through June 1976. The studies evaluat-
ed the effects of design loadings and Influent quality
on system performance. Data were evaluated through
application models. These models were used to devel-
op optimum cost/benefit comparisons of systems.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Urban areas, Flocculation, Settling, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Separation, Adsorption,
Dewatering, Disinfection, Filtration, Pilot plants,
Design, Performance evaluation, Benefit cost analysis,
Cost comparison, Regression analysis, New York, Mi-
croscreening, Rochester(New York).
PB80-159270 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Water Quality Management Plan: Campbell
County, Johnson County. Sheridan County (Wyo-
ming). Final rept.
Powder River Areawide Planning Organization, Sheri-
dan, WY.
Aug 78, 343p EPA-908/3-78-003
Prepared in cooperation with Oblinger-Smith Corp.,
Denver, CO.
The Powder River Areawide Planning Organization
(PRAPO) was designated by the Governor of Wyoming
to administer a federal grant for areawide waste treat-
ment planning. The major study area covered Camp-
bell, Johnson and Sheridan Counties In Wyoming. Pri-
mary focuses of the'study included (1) potential water
pollution from mined land, (2) water quality problems
pertaining to residential growth in unincorporated com-
munities and in rural portions of the counties, especial-
ly contaminants leaching out of septic tank systems,
(3) assessment of water quality as affected by waste
treatment facilities In the 3-county area, and (4) poten-
tial pollution problems associated with agricultural ac-
tivities. The overall study goal for the 3-county area
was the improvement and maintenance of water qual-
ity at a point compatible with present uses.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Water quality man-
agement, 'Powder River Basin, Mining, Rural areas,
Septic tanks, Agriculture, Runoff, Sewage treatment,
Ground water, Surface waters, Forest land, Population
growth, Wyoming, Campbell Counry(Wyoming), John-
son County(Wyoming).
PB80-159286 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Development of Petroleum Refinery Plot Plans.
Final rept. Nov 77-May 78,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
D. Powell, P. Peterson, K. Luedtke, and L Levanas.
Jun 78,186p EPA-450/3-78-025
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
This study provides information on four hypothetical
refineries for the purpose of modeling ambient ben-
zene dispersion. Information given for each refinery is:
a plot plan mapping the location of modules; an esti-
mate of the number and size of potential emission
points in each module including pumps and compres-
sors, valves and fittings, heaters or boilers, tanks,
wastewater treatment facilities, cooling towers, and
flares; and a list of significantly tall or wide structures in
each module. The hypothetical refineries span the
range of operating capacities of refineries found in the
United States.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, 'Refineries, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Benzene, Mathematical models, Hydrocarbons,
Modules(Mathematics), Seals, Values, Boilers, Stor-
age tanks, Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB80-1S9320 PC A04/MF A01
Boons Creek Oil Spill,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Donald A. Schultz. Dec 73, 53p
During the months of March through September 1972,
a biological survey was conducted on the effects of a
7,000-gallon diesel fuel spill into Boone Creek, a small
stream near Salem, South Carolina. Boone Creek
empties into Lake Keowee, an impoundment on the
Keowee River. Macroinvertebrate organisms, periphy-
ton, and fish were collected, preserved, identified, and
enumerated. Sediment samples were taken for hydro-
carbon analysis. Oil was observed in the creek during
the entire six-month study period. Locations down-
stream from the oil spill generally contained reduced
numbers and types of organisms. An estimated 90%
of the fish community was killed during the initial oil
spill. Periphyton growths, dominated by diatoms, in-
creased at locations downstream from the oil spill
during May and June. Analysis of substrate sediment
samples revealed hydrocarbons still present in Boone
Creek and Lake Keowee 13 months after the spill oc-
curred.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Boone Creek, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, South Carolina, Sediments, Hydrocarbons,
Oil pollution, Oil spills, Salem(South Carolina), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB80-159429 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of the Ball-Matte Device, a PCV Air
Bleed. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 76,11p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-23
The Environmental Protection Agency receives infor-
mation about devices for which emission reduction or
fuel economy improvement claims are made. In most
cases, these devices are being recommended or pro-
moted for retrofit to existing vehicles although some
represent advanced systems for meeting future stand-
ards. The EPA is Interested in evaluating the validity of
the claims and invites proponents of such devices to
provide to the EPA complete technical data on the de-
December 1983 845
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vice's principle of operation, together with test data on
the device made by independent laboratories. The
conclusions drawn from the EPA confirmatory tests
are necessarily of limited applicability. Data supplied to
the EPA by Ball-Matte, Inc. indicated that their emis-
sion control device (called the Ball-Matic) was capable
of reducing exhaust emissions. An EPA confirmatory
test program was arranged to further investigate the
effects of the Ball-Matic on exhaust emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Air pollution control, "Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Valves, Exhaust emissions,
Performance tests, Air pollution control equipment,
Pollution control valves.
PB80-159437 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Texaco Stratified Charge (TCCS)
M-151 Army Vehicle. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 73,11p EPA-AA-TAEB-73-27
During the testing in May 1972, it was determined that
the TCCS-powered M-151 vehicle met 1976 Federal
emissions standards. Since the time a 50,000 mile du-
rability test has been conducted on this vehicle by
Texaco under contract with the U.S. Army. Although
major engine and emission control system mainte-
nance was required during the mileage accumulation,
Texaco claimed 1976 emission levels were main-
tained. Included in the maintenance was: four individ-
ual replacements of various catalytic elements in the
system; several ignition modifications; EGR system
cleaning; and major valve train maintenance. As part
of EPA s cooperative effort with the U.S. Army and
EPA's continuing interest in the emission characteris-
tics of this engine concept a confirmatory test program
was scheduled in the EPA laboratory.
Keywords: "Military vehicles, 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Catalytic convert-
ers, Maintenance, Stratified charge engines, M-151
vehicles(1/4 ton).
PB80-169445 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of a Diesel-Powered Taxlcab. Tech-
nical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 76,10p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-25
As part of an ongoing program to evaluate the feasibili-
ty of using the Diesel engine as a power plant for light-
duty vehicles, the EPA has conducted test programs to
quantify the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of a
number of light-duty Diesel vehicles. Most of the vehi-
cles tested to date have been either production vehi-
cles or manufacturer's prototypes. The remaining vehi-
cles are a mixture of light trucks and passenger cars
that have been retrofitted with Diesel engines. The ve-
hicle evaluated In this test program is a 1975 Dodge
Coronet retrofitted with a Diesel engine.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust
emissions, Fuel consumption, Air pollution, Exhaust
gases, Performance tests, 'Taxlcabs, Light duty vehi-
cles, Dodge vehicles, Dodge Coronet automobiles.
PB80-159452
PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Technical Issues Relating to: Califor-
nia'* Request for Waiver o1 Federal Preemption
with Respect to Optional 100,000-Mile Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1980
and Subsequent Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles
and 1981 and Subsequent Model Year Light-Duty
Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard A. Rykowski. 5 Dec 79,14p EPA-AA-SDSB-
79-33
California has asked EPA for a waiver of Federal pre-
emption concerning a number of changes to emission
standards and test procedures applicable when a vehi-
cle Is certified for 100,000 miles. A separate set of
emission standards are applicable when a vehicle is
being certified for 50,000 miles, which is the Federal
certification period. These 50,000 mile emission stand-
ards have already been granted a waiver by EPA under
the requirements of the Clean Air Act and are not
being revised. The changes to the 100,000 mile emis-
sion standards and test procedures constitute
changes to an option and are not required to be met by
all manufacturers. The 100,000 mile certification revi-
sions are to take effect beginning with the 1980 model
year for passenger cars and with the 1981 model year
for light duty trucks and medium duty vehicles. This
document shall concern itself with two criteria (1) that
the state was not arbitrary and capricious in determin-
ing that the state standards will be at least as protec-
tion of public health and welfare as applicable Federal
standards, and (2) that the state standards and ac-
companying test procedures are consistent.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Performance standards, Exhaust gases, Per-
formance tests, California, Air pollution, Light duty ve-
hicles, Medium duty vehicles.
PB80-159460 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Testing of a 1976 Toyota with the TTC-L
Lean Burn Engine. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Sep 76,16p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-27
Lean Mixture combustion engines are attractive be-
cause of the low emissions and good fuel economy
that are possible with a properly designed lean burn
engine. Toyota Motor Company Ltd. has developed
several small displacement (under 2 litres) lean burn
engines, and early this year began selling a lean burn
vehicle in Japan. The Emission Control Technology Di-
vision (ECTD) has recently tested several prototype
lean burn vehicles. When Toyota offered to provide
EPA a lean burn vehicle for emissions testing, ECTD
was pleased to have the opportunity to evaluate this
new technological development. The conclusions from
this EPA evaluation test can be considered to be quan-
titatively valid only for the specific test car used. How-
ever, it is reasonable to extrapolate the results from
the EPA test to other types of vehicles in a directional
or qualitative manner, i.e. to suggest that similar re-
sults are likely to be achieved on other types of vehi-
cles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Perform-
ance tests, Toyota vehicles, Motor vehicles(1976
models), Lean burn engines, Toyota Corolla automo-
biles.
PB80-159478 PC A02/MF A01
Emission Testing of 1974 Pontlac V-8 with Defec-
tive Thermal Vacuum Valves. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 76,14p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-21
The EPA became aware that there were problems with
the Thermal Vacuum Valve (TW) installed in 1974
Pontiac V-8's. To confirm the existence of the prob-
lem, functional tests were conducted on TVV's collect-
ed from in-service Pontiac vehicles. These tests con-
sisted of applying a controlled vacuum to the valves
while raising their temperature in a stepwise fashion
and observing when they actuated. The majority of the
valves tested failed to meet their design specifications.
In order to quantify the effect of the failed valves on
emissions, exhaust emissions tests were conducted
with the TW's installed in a 1974 Pontiac. However,
only a limited test program was undertaken. This
report describes the exhaust emission test program
and presents the data and results. The conclusions
drawn from these tests are necessarily of limited appli-
cability. A complete evaluation of the degradation of
the emission control system caused by defective TWs
on the 1974 Pontiac V-8's requires a much larger
sample of test vehicles than is economically feasible in
in-house test projects conducted by EPA.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air
pollution control, Thermostatic valves, Fuel consump-
tion, Distributors, Carburetors, Pontiac automobiles,
Motor vehicles(1974 models), Air pollution control
equipment.
PB80-159494 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
CAM-4, A Portable Warning Device for Organo-
phosphate Hazardous Material Spills. Final rept.
Apr 75-Dec 76,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Louis H. Goodson, and Brian R. Cage. Jan 80, S9p
EPA-600/2-80-033
Contract EPA-68-03-0299
CAM-4 is a completely portable, battery-operated, field
version of the earlier cholinesterase antagonist moni-
tor, CAM-1 , which senses organophosphates and car-
bamates in water supplies. The present report OB-
scribes the design, fabrication, and evaluation of t"8
CAM-4 device. Like CAM-1, this device uses imm°*
lized cholinesterase in an electrochemical cell for tns
detection of cholinesterase inhibitors in water suppw°;
CAM-4, however, is not fully automated and therefore
requires an operator to observe the cell voltages re-
corded by the digital printer and to decide wnetnw
toxic levels of pesticides have been sampled. T"°
elimination of automation provided in CAM-1 was •
trade-off to provide 8-hr operation from a standard size
12-v automobile battery and to keep the weight ana
cost of the instrument low. Subtoxic levels of
Nemacur, Baytex, DDVP, Systox, Furadan, an
were all detected by CAM-4 at sensitivities comparaoie
to those obtained with CAM-1 .
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Organic phosphates, "C**?"
mates, 'Potable water, 'Cholinesterase inhibitors.
'Water analysis, Performance evaluation, Cholinester-
'
ase, Portable equipment, Electrochemistry, ^,
cides, Enzymes, Field tests, Laboratory equipment
Design, 'Water pollution detection, "
antagonist monitors, DDVP insecticide, Demeton, car-
baryl, Mesurol, Nemacur, Baytex, Carbofuran, CAW
system.
PB80-1 59502 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. ..
Polyurethane Foam as Trapping Agent for Air
borne Pesticides: Analytical Method Develop-
ment. Final rept. Sep 76-Jan 79, .n
Science and Education Administration, Beltsville, MU-
Soil Nitrogen and Environmental Chemistry Lab.
James D. Adams, and Joseph H. Caro. Jan 80, 83p
EPA-600/4-80-008
f organ
ganophosphorus, and N-methyl carbamate ,,
cides in air was developed using 4.4 cm-diarnsw"
plugs of polyurethane foam as traps and a modme"
Sherma-shafik multiresidue procedure for analysis •[
foam extracts. With this method, the minimum detecw
ble air concentrations for vapors of 1 7 of the 1 8 orga".
ochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides 'e*{v
was 0.1 nanogram per cubic meter or less. Six carw
mate pesticides did not volatilize in sufficient arnoun'J
to allow analysis. The experimental program cons isw"
of measurements of efficiency of foams for ,
Green Mountain Reservoir, present trophic status "
the reservoir, and possible effects of increased nu»'
ent addition on algal growth potential. Samplina w» .
conducted during a four day period, with ~
samples collected in November, 1976.
846 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
-- 'Water pollution, 'Green Mountain Reser-
aampling, Chlorophylls, Primary biological pro-
" ' Algae, Temperature measurement, Dis-
rw.;" . gases, Oxygen, pH,
S>ncentration(Composition), Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
^raw rate, Tables(Data), Colorado, 'Water quality
oata, Trophic level.
A?.8?:1.?955! PC A04/MF A01
lutlon Emissions Inventory Systems. Ap-
B. Emissions Inventory In Canada. A
of the NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Air Pol-
Assessment Methodology and Modeling.
j-" i u Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
"y. Brussels (Belgium).
Seo ',62p NATO/CCMS-104-B
furrti h rep°rt dated Oct 78' PB8°-109010- NATO
nJ!?Document is an appendix to report number 104; it
tamo =a 98neral overview of emissions inventory sys-
" I as methods used in Canada.
*Air Pollution, "Information systems,
tarh I ' Data acquisition, Data retrieval, "Foreign
"winology, 'Emission inventories, NATO furnished.
AlTo 1,'"ao» PC A07/MF A01
•JJJo'lutlon Emissions Inventory Systems. Ap-
f D x D- Emissions Inventory In the Netherlands.
Poll £ort °'1ne NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Air
MATK °.n Assessment Methodology and Modeling.
ho Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
3ls (Belgium).
'7p NATO/CCMS-104-D
urnished.
Biv8sdocument is an appendix to report number 104; it
tern. a 9eneral overview of emissions inventory sys-
"8 as well as methods used in the Netherlands.
s: *Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Neth-
tflph! , Data acquisition, Data retrieval, 'Foreign
"•nnology, 'Emission inventories, NATO furnished.
pc A03/MF A01
i Emissions Inventory Systems. Ap-
E- Emissions Inventory In Norway. A
u .of tne NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Air Pol-
NATn^M*Mment Methodology and Modeling.
V ^ wmmittee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
NAT?;?3P NATO/CCMS-104-E
^TQ furnished.
8ive
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-159767 PC A14/MF A01
Bibliography of the Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment R and D Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Aug 79,319p EPA-600/9-79-015
See also PB80-159775.
Contents:
Control technology Program-(Fuel processing,
preparation and advanced combustion, Fuel
extraction, Environmental impact of
conventional and advanced energy systems,
Flue gas suflur oxide control, Nitrogen oxide
control, and Flue gas particulate control);
Health and environmental effects program--
(Measurement systems and instrumentation,
Transport and fate, Health effects, Ecological
effects).
Keywords: "Bibliographies, 'Pollution control, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, "Fuel conversion, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Fluidized bed processing,
Coal preparation, Synthetic fuels, Oil pollution, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Particles, Nitrogen oxides,
Technology, Assessments, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides,
Transport properties, Ecology, Abstracts, Path of pol-
lutants, Solid wastes, Thermal pollution.
PB80-159775 PC A11/MF A01
Research Program Abstracts of the Interagency
Energy/Environment R and D Program. Fiscal
Year 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Aug 79,227p EPA-600/9-79-016
See also PB80-159764.
Administered by the Office of Energy, Minerals and In-
dustry within EPA's Office of Research and Develop-
ment, the Interagency Energy/Environment Program
plans, coordinates, and funds research and develop-
ment on the health and environmental effects and on
control technologies related to all forms of energy de-
velopment. This document contains the project-level
descriptions of most of the $96 million in research and
development projects funded by the Interagency Pro-
gram during FY 1977. The two major sections of this
document are (1) Environmental Control Technology
and (2) Health and Environmental Effects, which cor-
respond to the two major program research areas.
These research sections are further divided into the
specific research categories shown below: Control
technology-(Fuel processing, preparation, and ad-
vanced combustion, Fuel extraction, Environmental
Impacts of conventional and advanced energy sys-
tems, Flue gas suflur oxide control, Nitrogen oxide
control, and Flue gas particulate control); Health and
environmental effects-(Ecological effects, Transport
and fate, Measurement systems and instrumentation,
and Health effects).
Keywords: 'Pollution control, "Public health, "Environ-
mental impacts, "Fuel conversion, Combustion prod-
ucts, Extraction, Sulfur oxides, Air pollution, Oil pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Flue gases, Nitrogen oxides, Par-
ticles, Ecology, Transport properties, Industrial wastes,
Technology, Abstracts, Path of pollutants, Thermal
pollution, Solid wastes.
PB80-1S996S PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Teratologlc Effects of Long-Term Exposure to
Diesel Exhaust Emissions (Rats). Rept. for 15 Sep
78-7 Fab 79,
WIL Research Labs., Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Kathleen M. Werchowski, Vincent W. Chaffee, and G.
Bruce Briggs. Jan 80, 41p EPA-600/1-80-010
Contract EPA-68-03-2652
This research project was initiated with the objective of
evaluating the potential for diesel exhaust emissions to
produce malformations in rat fetuses. The dams were
exposed by the inhalation route to a 10% concentra-
tion of diesel exhaust emissions in inhalation cham-
bers on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Methods used
conform to the guideline developed by the Food and
Drug Administration for evaluating teratogenic effects
in rats. The results of the exposure of pregnant rats In-
dicate that diesel exhaust emissions have no effect
upon normal development of rat fetuses. Diesel ex-
haust emissions did not effect any of the parameters
evaluated to assess maternal toxicity nor total number
of fetuses born.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Toxicology, Expo-
sure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Exhaust gases, Em-
bryos, Respiration, Concentration(Composltion), Preg-
nancy, Mutations, Bioassay, "Teratogenesis, "Diesel
engine exhaust, Fetuses, "Toxic substances.
PB80-160161 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Trend Analysis of Death Rates In the State of Illi-
nois, 1967-1975,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. Occupa-
tional and Environmental Medicine Program.
Eileen B. O'FarreN, Tsukasa Namekata, and Bertram
W. Carnow. Jan 80,30p EPA-600/1-80-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2492
This report summarizes mortality trends in the State of
Illinois and major cities with some air pollution trends
during the nine year period, 1967-75. To examine an
overall mortality trend in Chicago, downstate Illinois
and both combined or Illinois total, age-adjusted death
rates were calculated. A declining trend was observed
in death rates for all causes, heart disease, cerebro-
vascular disease, accidents, and pneumonia and influ-
enza in all three groups over the nine year period.
However, deaths from malignant neoplasms have en-
countered an increase over time in both Illinois total
and downstate, with the exception of Chicago where
cancer death rates were unchanged. The second anal-
ysis is to examine mortality and air pollution trends in
some major cities to see if both mortality and air pollu-
tion have been declining in these cities or if such
trends can be observed only in Chicago. There were
no common patterns of mortality and air pollution
among those cities over the recent nine years; howev-
er, a considerable decrease in both mortality (all
causes and heart disease) and air pollution (total sus-
pended particulate) was observed in all cities.
Keywords: "Mortality, "Illinois, "Toxicology, Death,
Trends, Analyzing, Heart diseases, Cerebral vascular
accidents, Accidents, Pneumonia, Influenza, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Chicago(lllinois), "Carcinogenesis,
Nonionizing radiation, Cancer, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB80-160484 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Clean Water Report for Southwestern Wyoming.
Final technical rept.
CH2M/Hill, Denver, CO.
Aug 78,380p EPA-908/3-78-004B
Sponsored in part by Southwestern Wyoming Water
Quality Planning Association, Kemmerer.
The results of three years of water quality investiga-
tions in Southwestern Wyoming are presented. This
report identifies the most pressing regional water qual-
ity problems for Lincoln, Uinta and Sweetwater Coun-
ties, assesses their impacts on the health and welfare
of citizens in the area, and recommends alternatives to
correct the problems. Three major problems were
identified in this study. They are excessive salinity In
the Green River Basin, excessive algae growth in res-
ervoirs, and bacterial contamination of water supply
wells and surface waters.
Keywords: "Regional planning, "Water quality man-
agement, Salinity, Reservoirs, Lakes, Water wells,
Bacteria, Surface waters, Phosphorus, Algae, Runoff,
Ground water, Wyoming, Eutrophication, Lincoln
County(Wyoming), Uinta County(Wyoming), Sweetwa-
ter County(Wyoming).
PB80-161284 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Screening Study on Feasibility of Standards of
Performance for Secondary Aluminum Manufac-
turing, Appendices. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT.
Edward T. Brookman. Sep 78,214p EPA-450/3-79-
037B
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
See also PB80-132954.
This report contains background information on the
secondary aluminum manufacturing industry. The geo-
graphical distribution, production, processes, emission
sources and rates, state and local air pollution regula-
tions, control techniques and sampling procedures*
discussed. This background information pas no-
used in an emission projection model (Model IV)» °£
termine the emission reductions that couio
achieved by the application of new source perrei
ance standards (NSPS) that require the mstaWon or
best available control technology for the period >•>
to 1987.
Keywords: "Aluminum industry, "Standards, Manu'fg"
luring, Regulations. Sampling, Combustion Pf°°^n
Industrial wastes, State government, Airt ff"S
Design criteria, Particles, fables(Data), MatherSj-
models, Feasibility, "New source performance> SHU
ards, Best technology, "Air pollution abatement, i/°
pliance data system.
PB80-161664
Stack Sampling Technical Information. A
tlon of Monograph* and Paper*. -r-rianale
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triana
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Oct 78,427p-in 4v „„ PBgo-
Set includes PB80-161672, PB80-161680, ftw
161698, and PB80-161706.
No abstract available.
PB80-161872 r^ »»"• ••^Mue.
Stack Sampling Technical Information. A co"
tlon of Monographs and Paper*. Volume i, |fl
Environmentaf Protection Agency, Research Tnany
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch. -.,4
Roger T. Shigehara. Oct 78,69p EPA-450/2-7B-u*^
See also Volume 2, PB80-161680. _., pa8o-
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, r°°
161664.
The information specifically relate to current EPA »
methods and compliance test procedures. ™e u
presented in some of these documents have t
the basis for a number of revisions made in j
Reference Methods 1 through 8. i
ments are also useful in determini... - . ,
native procedures. Volume 1 contains the
papers: Method for calculating power plant i
rate; Emission correction factor for fossil
steam generators (CO2 concentration appro-
bation of equations for calculating power I
sion rates (O2 based method - wet and drj
ments); Summary of F factor methods for f
emissions from combustion sources; Valie
analysis data from fossil-fuel-flred units; A ?,uide,mnllnfl
evaluating compliance test results (Isokineflc samp
rate criterion).
Keywords: "Electric power plants, Combustion |
ucts, Industrial wastes, Carbon dioxide, Sources, <
pling, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), f
lations, Standards, Fossil fuels. "Air poM0" ].,,»,
pling, Emission factors, State Implementation P'»
Stationary sources.
PB80-161680
Stack Sampling Technical Information. A
tlon of Monographs and Paper*. Volume II. ^)e
Environmentaf Protection Agency, Research ir»-»
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Roger T. Shigehara. Oct 78,156p EPA-450/2-78-
See also Volume 1, PB80-161672 and Volume
PB80-161698. „„- PB80-
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, f°"
161664.
Contents:
A type-S pitot tube calibration study; _na
The effect of aerodynamic interference bawj;^
type-S pitot tube and sampling nozzle on m*
value of the pitot tube coefficient; n
The effects of the presence of a probe sheatn w
type-S pitot tube accuracy;
An evaluation of single-velocity calibration _
technique as a means of determining type-0
pitot tube coefficients;
Guidelines for type-S pitot tube calibration; t|ie
The effects of impact opening misalignment on
value of the type-S pitot tube coefficient;
Establishment of a baseline coefficient value tor
properly constructed type-S pitot tubes;
848 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A 8<"V?k 0< commercially available instrumentation
TOT the measurement of low-range gas
The use of ty'pe-S pilot tubes for the measurement
of low velocities.
*Pitot tubes- Air pollution, Sampling,
VeK, T'T'ormance evaluation, Calibrating, Values,
aarnX Laboratorv equipment, Design, 'Air pollution
Stack c Q8e. PC A05/MF A01
tlon 01 u pllnfl Technical Information. A Collec-
Environrnfn,°??Ph8 and P»P«f«- Volume III,
Park MT cnta' Protection Agency, Research Triangle
RoanrT o7.mis?ion Measurement Branch.
Sal ,f' sV"gehara. Oct 78,87p EPA-450/2-78-042C
Volume 2, PB80-161680 and Volume 4,
16^664Vailab'e '" Set of 4 reports PC E13' PB8°"
Contents:
terl?couple calibration procedure evaluation;
™ .ure for calibrating and using dry gas volume
.meters as calibration standards;
W-gas volume meter calibrations;
Ca ih S°n of drV 9as meter at low flow rates;
Loli,. on of Probe nozzle diameter;
AdaMests 'or flexible bags;
"aiustrnents in the EPA nomograph for different
pnot tube coefficients and dry gas molecular
- weights;
IpPansion of EPA nomograph (memo);
SB PPmograph adjustments (memo);
wapnical technique for setting proportional
sampling flow rates.
''• 'Laboratory equipment, Calibrating, Ther-
'fs, Standards, Volume unit meters, Gas
Probes, Leaking, Nomographs, Pilot tubes,
, ,
.' Flow rates- Graphs, *Air pollulion
Air pollution detection, Procedures.
0? PC A08/MF A01
" T«chnlcal Information. A Collec-
tection Agency]
n Measurement B
a. Oct 78, 1 1 5p E
, PB80-161698.
u°»>of Mo" T«chnlcal Information. A
Pa*r^fminta"protection Agency] Research triangle
Roni, T of.mission Measurement Branch.
Sn'9ehara. Oct 78 1 1 5 EPA-450
o. sum ranc.
D Sn'9ehara. Oct 78, 1 1 5p EPA-450/2-78-
'u , .
ailable in set of 4 reports PC E13' PB8°"
"^commended procedure for sample traverses in
G ""cts smaller than 12 inches in diameter;
Concvi .tor sampling in tapered stacks;
"S|aerations for evaluating equivalent stack
Eviri?mf 9 train metering systems;
wiation of metering systems for gas-sampling
An Valuation of the current EPA method 5 filtration
I aKllemperature-control procedure;
D°ratory evaluation of silica gel collection
emciency under varying temperature and
-Pressure conditions;
•spurious acid mist results caused by peroxides In
^opropyi alcohol solutions used in EPA test
[.method 8 (memo);
""termination of isopropanol loss during method 8
-simulation tests (memo);
^mparlson of emission results from in-slack filter
Ep sampling and EPA method 5 sampling;
•-r* method 5 sample train clean-up procedures.
$?"%%*' **• P°llut>on. Sampling, Chimneys, Filtra-
*8at««'^orption' Propanols, Comparison, Industrial
EpA I?-Combustion products, 'Air pollution sampling,
*ires thod8' EPA method 5. EPA method 8, Proce-
PC A03/MF A01
Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Line., Kansas City, MO.
-77-003
Colorado Dept. of Health,
with information on participate air quality in the Grand
Junction area and identify for them the types of
sources contributing to the paniculate problem. This
report will also be of interest to anyone seeking infor-
mation on the air quality of Grand Junction.
Keywords: 'Particles, "Handbooks, Sampling, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Air pollulion, Colo-
rado, *Air quality, *Air pollution sampling, 'Grand
Junction(Colorado).
PB80-162217 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Arsenic: A Preliminary Materials Balance,
Lowenbach and Schlesinger Associates, Inc.,
McLean, VA.
William A. Lowenbach, and Joyce S. Schlesinger. Mar
79,65p* EPA-560/6-79-005
Existing data on the natural and anthropogenic
sources of arsenic emissions are compiled and pre-
sented in a fully annotated tabular format. Arsenic dis-
tribution in the environment is graphically displayed in
terms of air, land, and water emissions. Fossil fuel con-
sumption for energy production, arsenic production
and commercial use, and primary copper smelting are
identified as the three major sources of environmental
emissions. Data gaps are identified and recommenda-
tions for further study outlined.
Keywords: "Arsenic, 'Environmental surveys,
Sources, Air pollution, Water pollution, Tables(Data),
Fuel consumption, Fossil fuels, Chemical industry,
Smelling, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Mining, Refining, Iron and steel industry, 'Emission
factors, Copper smelters, Land pollution.
PB80-162704 PC A06/MF A01
Upper Eagle Valley and Vail Wastewater Facilities
Plan. Final Environmental Impact Statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Oct 77,105pEPA-908/5-77-003A
See also PB80-162712.
The Upper Eagle Valley Sanitation District and Vail
Water Sanitation District have proposed the expansion
and improvement of their respective waslewater facili-
ties located at Avon and Vail, Colorado. The treatment
capacities proposed by the two Districts are based on
a per capita water use rate of 150 gallons per day. EPA
believes that this figure is excessive for this area and
will fund capacity to treat wastewater from the project-
ed population at a rate of 135 gallons per day. EPA will
provide Step II design funds for the proposed treat-
ment facilities at these reduced capacities. The avail-
ability of Step III funds for construction of the improve-
ments and expansions (at reduced size) of these
wastewater treatment facilities will depend on whether
two other conditions are met.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, 'Colorado, Water pollution con-
trol, Regional planning, Water conservation, Water
quality, Sewage treatment plants, Avon(Colorado),
Vail(Colorado), Eagle County(Colorado).
Jur£Jiand.book W"11 provide members of the Guard
•^on Area Subcommittee (a local advisory group)
PB80-162712 PC A13/MF A01
Upper Eagle Valley and Vail Wastewater Facilities
Plan. Attachment to Final Environmental Impact
Statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Oct 77,285p EPA-908/5-77-003B
See also PB80-162704.
The purpose of the report is to present the possible en-
vironmental impacts of a wastewater treatment facility
plan for eastern Eagle County, 120 miles (193 kilome-
ters) west of Denver, Colorado. The proposed federal
action is the award of an EPA grant for partial funding
of wastewater treatment works in Eagle County. This
option is weighed against a no action alternative, as
well as compared to other possible alternatives.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, 'Colorado, Water pollution con-
trol, Regional planning, Water conservation, Water
quality, Sewage treatment plants, Avon(Colorado),
Vail(Cotorado), Eagle County(Colorado).
PB80-162753 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Applications Branch.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Vehicle Emis-
sions and Performance Factor*. Final rept.,
Gulf Research and Development Co., Cheswick, PA.
R. S. Spindt, R. E. Dizak, R. M. Slewrt, and W. A. P.
Meyer. Sep 79,175p EPA-460/3-79-006A
Contract EPA-68-03-2530
Ambient temperatures have been reported to affect,
automotive emissions and fuel economies since 1988.'
This report presents the resulls of exhausl emissions
(regulated and unregulated) and fuel economies asso-
ciated with fourteen selected vehicles tested at ambi-
ent temperatures ranging from OF (-18C) to 110F (43C)
using the various test procedures.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Tem-
perature gradients, Air pollution, Fuel consumption,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide.
PB80-162852 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Air Pollution, Airways Hyperreactlvlty, and Pulmo-
nary Function Measurements In Asthma,
National Jewish Hospital and Research Center,
Denver, CO.
Sheldon L. Spector, Robert A. Kinsman, Melissa
Dunning, James Murphy, and Richard Jones. Oct 77,
42pEPA-908/1-77-004
Contract EPA-68-02-2517
This study evaluated the relationship between spiro-
metric pulmonary function measures and air pollution
and meterologic variables for adult asthmatic in-pa-
tients in an urban, long-term intensive treatment
center. Two groups of 67 patients were studied during
a late spring-summer period and a late fall-winter
period. Patients were classified according to the role of
allergic factors and the degree of airways hyperreacti-
yity. Tn all analyses, 24-hour average levels of air pollu-
tion preceding pulmonary function measurement were
related to subsequent 8:00AM pulmonary functions.
Multiple linear regression analyses by leaps and
bounds for individuals and groups, defined by reaginic
factors and airways hyperreactivity, failed to identify a
systematic effect for any air pollution variable upon
any pulmonary function measure. The lack of any rela-
tionship does not appear attributable to limited expo-
sure to air pollution variables, but may be affected by
as-needed (PRN) medication usage, type of pulmo-
nary function measurement employed, and periods se-
lected for analyses. The relative strengths and limita-
tions of the study are discussed.
Keywords: 'Immunologic diseases, 'Asthma, Respira-
tory system, Clinical medicine, Air pollution, Allergic
diseases, Measurement, Adults, Patients, Humans.
PB80-16302S PC A04/MF A01
Air Pollution Emissions Inventory Systems, Ap-
pendix A: Emissions Inventory In Belgium.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Jul 79,55p NATO/CCMS-104-APP-A
See also report dated Oct 78, PB80-109010. NATO
furnished.
This document is an appendix to report number PB80-
109010; it gives a general overview of emissions in-
ventory systems as well as methods currently applied
in Belgium.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Belgium, Assessments, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sources, Inventories, Information systems, 'For-
eign technology, 'Air pollution emissions inventory
system, 'Air quality, Data bases, NATO furnished.
PB80-163058 PC A02/MF A01
Turbulent Diffusion from a Point Source In Strati-
fled and Neutral Flows Around a Three-Dlmen-
slonal Hill-Part I. Diffusion Equation Analysis.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
W. H. Snyder, J. C, R. Hunt, and J. S. Puttock. 1979,
14pEPA-600/J-79-048
December 1983 849
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Atmospheric Environ-
ment Service, Downsview (Ontario), and Cambridge
Univ. (England). Dept. of Applied Mathematics and
Theoretical Physics. Pub. in Journal of Atmospheric
Environment, v13, p1227-12391979.
In stable stratified flow around three dimensional hills,
vertical motion and vertical diffusion is negligible. Con-
sequently turbulent diffusion from a point source can
be modelled by considering horizontal flow and hori-
zontal diffusion. Using an eddy diffusivity, the adve9-
tive diffusive equation around a three dimensional hill
which is axisymmetric about a vertical axis is solved to
show how source positions on and off the center line
affect the trajectories and splitting of impinging plumes
and the value and position of the maximum surface
concentration on the hill. In the second part of the
paper a plume is analyzed in a neutrally stable poten-
tial flow around an axisymmetric obstacle such as a
hemisphere, also using the diffusion equation. The so-
lutions show how, because streamlines approach the
surface of a 3-dimensional hill much more closely than
the surface of a 2-dimensional hill, the maximum sur-
face concentrations on the hill can become very much
greater than in the absence of the hill. But this only
occurs for a limited range of source heights.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Turbulent flow, "Mathemati-
cal models, Hills, Plumes,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Foreign tech-
nology, "Atmospheric dispersion, Three-dimensional
calculations.
PB80-163496 PC A04/MF A01
Localized Air Quality Impacts of Diesel Partlculate
Emissions. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
R. Dwight Atkinson. Nov 79,59p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-31
A number of studies are available which attempts to
predict the level of diesel exhaust participate along the
roadway resulting from the increased use of diesel en-
gines as power plants for light- and heavy-duty vehi-
cles. Among these are reports prepared by EPA, the
Southwest Research Institute, General Motors Corp.,
Toyota Motor Co., and the Aerospace Corp. When
trying to evaluate the results of these studies, the rate
of diesel penetration into the market, vehicle emission
factors, traffic density and meteorological conditions
are among the variables encountered. This report at-
tempts to establish a broader base of comparison
among these studies than presently exists. This report
consists of three basic sections: the first provides a
brief description of the various studies; the second in-
corporates the standardizing assumptions in the modi-
fication procedure; and, the third compares the studies
based on the changes made in section two.
Keywords: "Particles, "Exhaust emissions, Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), "Diesel engine ex-
haust, "Air quality.
PBBO-163678 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Pentachlorophenol In Marine
Biota and Sea Water by Gas-Liquid Chromatogra-
phy and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Linda F. Faas, and James C. Moore. Jun 79, 5p EPA-
600/J-79-053
Pub. in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
v27, r.3, P554-557, Jun 79.
A method is described for measuring pentachloro-
phenol (POP) in samples from the estuarine environ-
ment. Gas-liquid Chromatography (GLC) is used to de-
termine PCP residues in tissues as low as 0.01 ppm by
formation of the ethyl dlazohydrocarbon derivative, fol-
lowed by Florisil cleanup. Application of the method to
exposed organisms indicates that PCP accumulates in
mullet (Mugil cephalus), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes
pugio), and eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica).
Sea water concentrations as low as 0.002 ppb may be
detected by formation of the amyl diazohydrocarbon
derivative. Formation of the amyj derivatives of PCP
and several related compounds gives GLC separation
not possible with the methyl or ethyl derivatives. Pa-
rameters are outlined for high-pressure liquid Chroma-
tography (LC) determination of the free phenol without
cleanup. Ultraviolet detection limits for PCP by LC are
5.0 ppm in tissues and 2.0 ppb in seawater.
Keywords: "Water analysis, Gas Chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Sea water, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Tissue extracts, Aquatic animals, Pesticides, Reprints,
"Phenol/pentachloro, "Water pollution detection, High
pressure liquid Chromatography.
PB80-163736 PC A02/MF A01
Phenylacetlc Acid Metabolism by Three Aquatic
Bacteria Isolated from Continuous Culture Enrich-
ments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. R. Mahaffey, P. H. Pritchard, and A. W. Bourquin.
1979,8p EPA-600/J-79-052, CONTRIB-377
Pub. in Journal of Development in Industrial Microbi-
ology, V20, p489-495 1979.
The fate of toxic organic compounds in aquatic envi-
ronments depends, in part, on the capacity of microor-
ganisms to metabolize these compounds at very low
concn. Little information exists on the fate of aromatic
ring compounds at low concn (<100 mg/l) in aquatic
environments. Therefore, we attempt to characterize
the degradation of the aromatic compound phenylace-
tic acid (PAA) at low concn by aquatic bacteria. Three
bacterial isolates, PAL-1, PAL-10, and PAL-100 were
obtained from continuous culture enrichment experi-
ments at PAA concn of 1, 10, and 100 mg/ liter, re-
spectively. Washed cell suspensions of each isolate
metabolized PAA, as measured by oxygen uptake,
without lag regardless of whether cells were grown in
acetate or PAA minimal salts medium, suggesting PAA
metabolism was constitutive. Acetate-grown PAL-1
and PAL-100 cultures showed greater oxygen uptake
activity in the presence of PAA than did PAA-grown
cultures. All three isolates had high activity in the pres-
ence of meta-hydroxy-PAA. Incubation of washed cell
suspensions at 25C for 12 h showed that only the PAL-
1 isolate lost activity (75%) relative to cell suspensions
incubated at 4C. The studies provide physiological cri-
teria that may characterize the types of bacteria that
transform aromatic compounds at low concn in aquatic
environments.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Organic compounds,
Cells(Biology), Cultures(Biology), Metabolism, Micro-
organisms, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
"Pnenylacetic acid, "Toxic substances.
PB80-163884 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Noise Levels in the Grand Teton
National Park. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
William C. Bryan, Larry L. Svoboda, Robert A.
Simmons, and John M. Brink. Nov 79, 71p EPA-908/1-
79-003
Results of an environmental noise survey in the Grand
Teton National Park during the period January 10-19,
1978, are presented and discussed. It is pointed out
that man-made or unnatural sounds are more notica-
ble in that otherwise quiet environment than in most in-
habited environments. The survey procedures includ-
ed statistical and graphical recordings for extended
periods (one or more days) and graphical recordings
for brief periods (Minutes) at several locations.
Keywords: "Noise(Sound), "Noise pollution, Sound re-
cording, Acoustic measurement, Surveys, Aircraft
noise, National parks, Acoustic measuring instru-
ments, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Wyoming,
"Grand Teton National Park.
PB80-164833 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Development of Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspec-
tion and Maintenance Programs for the State of
Washington. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Theodore P. Midurski, and Frederick M. Sellers. Oct
79,24pGCA-TR-79-66-G, EPA-910/9-79-68
Contract EPA-68-02-2539
"Recent ambient air quality data for the State of Wash-
ington indicate that certain National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standards will not be attained in all areas of the
State by 1982, even if all reasonably available control
technologies are applied. In view of this, it is likely that
the State will request from EPA an extension of the
compliance data beyond 1982. In order for this request
to be considered, the State must, among other things,
have adopted a firm schedule for implernenting
motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (i/w i*
gram in the highly urbanized nonattainment f68."^ ig
rently the State, through its Department of Ecology^
developing a set of control strategies, including >_ >»•
for implementation in certain areas. Technical as»>=
ance was provided to the Department of ECO!°«J "'
GCA/Technology Division through a contract spon
sored by Region 10 of EPA. The primary Pf0^.
the assistance was to provide the Department o 1 cjj^
ogy with information regarding technical aspects o
M on a quick response basis to aid in the oononuinB
process of program development. This document y<
vides a summary of the work performed by GC« uf""
this contract.
Keywords: "Automobile engines, "Exhaust emission*
•Washington(State), Inspection, Maintenance, WHJ '
lution control, Carbon monoxide, Maintenance, ^
analysis.
PB80-164890 Cr
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Healtn, ^
cinnati, OH. Div. of Criteria Documentation and &«»'«
ards Development. „ f0r
Recommended Health and Safety Guidelines
Coal Gasification Pilot Plants. Technical rept.
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD. __, -.no/
Jan 78, 249p DHEW/PUB/NIOSH-78-120, , EPA-ow
7-78-007
Contract PHS-21 0-76-01 71
See also PB-281 274.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1 97,|? !i*
phasizes the need for standards to protect the "°"L..
and safety of workers exposed to an ever-increaw *
number of potential hazards at their worMaffj ' L
National Institute for Occupational Safety anc ne»
has projected a formal system of research, witnp'~
ities determined on the basis of specified indicf°8r'ef.
provide relevant data from which valid critena '°'hag
fective standards can be derived. This docurnem M .
been developed as part of the interagency Energy »
Environment Research and Development PWa™: in
purpose is to identify potential hazards to wor
coal gasification pilot plants, and to develop
control strategies. The guidelines emphasize
protection measures such as safe work Pfa
sonal protective equipment and clothing, in
personal hygiene, workplace and medical «r»-
labeling and posting, hazard information and aw» ,g
ness, and recordkeeping. Although this document
specific for pilot scale coal gasification plants, ma"L,t
the potential hazards and research and develop"'
needs are similar to those in bench or demonsirB"
scale coal gasification or coal liquefaction tac" '^jn
The recommended health and safety guidelines ai"
many ways applicable to these facilities as well-
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Industrial
posure, Standards, Hazards, Protection, Safety, »
ronmental health, Occupational Safety and new" "jr.
of 1970, "Occupational safety and health, Monitors
PB80-164965 PC A02/MF Ajl
Mercury Residues In Soil Around a Large C°»
Fired Power Plant. Journal article, ,aa
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lapi...^
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research ana uev
opmentDiv. ,„ en
Alan B. Crockett, and Robert R. Kinnison. Jun 79, OP
EPA-600/J-79-047 . Tach-
Pub. in Journal of Environmental Science ana i •
nology, v1 3, p71 2, Jun 79.
Seventy soil samples were collected on a
around the Four Corners power plant. The
pies were analyzed for total mercury using a ^f^y/jri
atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Even tn°ffiy
e
the plant emits 1-2% of all the mercury
U.S. coal-fired utilities, the soil residue leves
plant were low and did not differ statistically from DB*
ground. Relatively high concentrations were *y"l&
the samples taken west of the plant near the 'VlJ.
ponds and just east of the plant. While the fate ot "'
cury emitted by the plant is not yet known, it is n9*,U.
'
cumulating in the soil surrounding the plant's e
,.
nvw
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Mercury(Metal),
analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion
Electric power plants, Concentratlon(Compo.
Sampling, Air pollution, Fly ash, Ponds, Zeeman ew» .
Atomic spectroscopy, Reprints, "Air pollution
850 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
497? PC A02/MF A01
Inor nitric acid and 3% nv-
Tm^ ™oxide and analyzed by atomic absorption
^: The ^organic lead test method was
arv ~ Usina Chouse dust samples from a pri-
sarriDlB« » and a Primary lead smelter and stack
ten/ mS, ?m a lead recovery furnace, a primary bat-
saooS factlirin9 Plant, a gray iron foundry and a
avaluatfy ead smelter. The alkyl lead method was
Pies taS? Usm9 alkvl lead motor mix fluids and sam-
"orn an alkyl lead manufacturing plant vent stack.
'Uead0rd,S: 'Gas analysis, 'Lead organic compounds,
dustrisi vjr9anic compounds, Chemical analysis, In-
Pollutinn ??tes' Combustion products, Samples, Air
deteetioA A,tomic spectroscopy, Reprints, * Air pollution
uon' Stationary sources.
, PCA08/MFA01
ntal Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
0< Parameter and Exhaust Testing
« for a Vehicle Emissions Inspection
GCA rv. *5ance Program In Michigan. Final rept,
Tr«6odS?DBi1dford' MA- GCA Technology Div.
i, and Frederick Sellars. Dec 79,
Department of State Highways and
, is in the process of developing a motor
m « ?tons insPection and maintenance (I/M)
r ""P'ementation in various nonattainment
State- To date, the effort has focused on
«, d assessing the various program alterna-
y fe», 'f181 8atis*y the objectives of I/M. A pri-
J|rt7~e at this point concerns whether the program
concern ii? I • emissions measurement concept, or a
of theariir • Vln9 Parameter inspection. Assessments
M inliiS*01"0 requirements related to implementing I/
ternafivi 9an' inc|uding a first level assessment of al-
v
as Dart;!. ?..[O9rarn approaches, have been developed
8e^"°f'™s initial planning. Based on these initial as-
' tne need for a more detailed assessment
2ara.meter inspection concept was identified.
\Bto? "tailed analyses of issues related to the pa-
8naivaLlnsPection concept were performed. These
* considered the emissions reduction poten-
repair industry impacts, and
l
«on CoI£a™on requirements of four parameter inspec-
^ted h '3ts' ^ results ol these analyses are re-
fo!?!ta°rds:, 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, Per-
' est8' Inse
9f«rn
, Maintenance, Technology
analysis, Michigan.
PC A05/MF A01
l Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Procedures and Equipment for
and Maintenance Pro-
' Bed«ord, MA. GCA Technology Div.
>- Sellars, Michael W. Kozenko, and
EPA aKLS^cc'olo, Jr. Jan 80, 82p GCA-TR-79-75-G,
•805/
and
'" Department of Transportation (WDOT)
ent of Natural Resources (WDNR) are
* mnt/' 'nv°lved in planning for the implementation of
11^'°; vehicle emissions inspection and mainte-
Wi|| kl ll/M) program. Once operational, the program
w flenerattng a considerable amount of data. In
addition to the obvious problem of handling and ana-
lyzing this data, any system developed must be easily
integrated with existing computer systems in WDOT
and WDNR. This document defines the computer
hardware specifications for emission testing installa-
tions so that needed data can be readily collected,
stored, and transferred to WDOT systems. In addition,
the required software systems and specifications that
will enable manipulation and analysis of data either on
the selected I/M contractor's central computer or the
State's system are identified. Finally, a model data
processing portion of an I/M Request for Proposals is
provided.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Data acquisition, Motor
vehicles, Computer systems hardware, Specifications,
Data acquisition systems.
PB80-165160 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Clean Water Report for Southwestern Wyoming.
Final Management Plan.
CH2M/Hill, Denver, CO.
Aug 78,106p EPA-908/3-78-004A
Sponsored in part by Southwestern Wyoming Water
Quality Planning Association, Kemmerer.
This report presents the Water Quality Management
Plan for Southwestern Wyoming, as adopted by the
Southwestern Wyoming Water Quality Planning Asso-
ciation. The plan is the result of 3 years of technical re-
search by the association staff and its consultants on
the water quality needs of the area. The plan combines
a number of best management practices administered
by a number of different agencies and individuals into a
coordinated attack on the major regional water quality
problems of Southwestern Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Regional
planning, Sewage treatment, Recommendations, Sa-
linity, Phosphorus, Waste disposal, Metals, Industrial
water, Wyoming, Southwestern Region(Wyoming),
Best management practices.
PB80-165848 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
North Sea Pipelines: A Survey of Technology,
Regulation and Use Conflicts In Oil and Gas Pipe-
line Operation. Final rept. Aug-Dec 78,
New England River Basins Commission, Boston, MA.
William E. Nothdurft. Feb 80,80p EPA-600/7-80-023
This project was undertaken to provide information on
North Sea offshore pipelines and the processes used
in route selection decision-making. It is designed to be
used by persons involved in offshore oil and gas pipe-
line planning, including pipeline corridors and landfalls.
A brief overview of offshore activity in both the United
Kingdom and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea is
presented, with special emphasis on the transportation
systems established or proposed for the major com-
mercial fields. The report then focuses on the specific
issues arising from the installation and operation of
each of these transportation systems. These issues in-
clude: regulations affecting pipeline placement, criteria
for route selection, pipeline trenching and burial, and
conflicts with the fishing industry in the North Sea.
Keywords: 'Pipeline transportation, 'Underwater pipe-
lines, 'Technology assessment, Regulations, Marine
terminals, Gas pipelines, Petroleum pipelines, Route
surveys, Environmental impacts, Norway, Scotland,
Great Britain, North Sea, 'Foreign technology.
PB80-165921 PC A03/MF A01
Particle Size Distribution of Yellowcake Emissions
at the United Nuclear-Churchrock Uranium Mill,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
C. W. Fort, Jr., R. Douglas, R. Gauntt, and A. R.
McFarland. Jan 80,33p ORP/LV-80-1
Tests were conducted to characterize the particle size
distribution of yellowcake dust from the packaging and
dryer stacks of a uranium mill in New Mexico. A multis-
tage inertia! impactor was used to sample the particu-
late matter to provide a basis for determining particle
size distributions and emission rates.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, Uranium oxides,
Particle size, Dust, 'Uranium oxides U308, Uranium
mills.
PB80-165970 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of an Active Oil Field
In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, 1977-1978.
Volume II. Data Management and Biological Inves-
tigations. Annual rept. 1977-78,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
William B. Jackson. Sep 79,799p NOAA-80022010
To obtain information concerning the environmental
consequences of increased development of the outer
continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, major research
efforts are being made to document environmental
conditions before, during, and after oil and gas produc-
tion, and transmission. Among these efforts is the En-
vironmental Assessment of the Buccaneer Oil and
Gas Field. Objectives of the project are: (1) to identify
and document the types and extent of biological,
chemical and physical alterations of the marine eco-
system associated with Buccaneer Oil Field, (2) to de-
termine specific pollutants, their quantity and effects,
and (3) to develop the capability to describe and pre-
dict fate and effects of Buccaneer Oil Field contami-
nants.
Keywords: 'Oil fields, 'Marine biology, 'Ecology,
'Water pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Environmental im-
pacts, Marine fishes, Crustacea, Shrimps, Bioassay,
Abundance, Brines, Larvae, Plankton, Marine microor-
ganisms, Distribution(Property), Ocean temperature,
Salinity, Seasonal variations, Tables(Data), 'Outer
continental shelves, Baseline studies.
PB80-166077 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Color Removal from Kraft Mill Effluents by Ultra-
filtration. Final rept. 29 Mar 76-29 Sep 78,
Champion International Corp., Hamilton, OH.
Henry A. Fremont, David J. Striley, Myles H. Kleper,
and Robert L. Goldsmith. Feb 80, 247p EPA-600/2-80-
045
Contract EPA-S-804312-01
See also report dated Dec 73, PB-231 257. Prepared
in cooperation with Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA.
Walden Div.
Color removal from kratt mill effluents by ultrafiltration
(UF) has been examined during this program. A 3-
stage, nominal 37.9 cu m (10,000 gpd) UF pilot plant
was operated on caustic extraction filtrate for several
months. Extensive evaluation of spiral-wound UF mod-
ules was carried out prior to staged system operation
in single module tests. During these tests feed ore-
treatment and prefiltration options were investigated
and the effects of a range of operating parameters on
module flux performance were studied. A second
module configuration, tubular assemblies, was also
tested. All field tests were performed at the Canton,
North Carolina Mill of Champion International. Non-
cellulosic UF membranes were evaluated in laboratory
tests before field trials were initiated. The preferred
membrane was cast from a polysulfone formulatipn.
Spiral modules were severely fouled by species
present in white water recycle. Tubular modules, how-
ever, exhibited stable, economically-vialble flux per-
formance. Color removal by the tubular UF mem-
branes ranged from 97% to 99% when calculated on a
concentrate basis. Projections based on process data
indicate UF results in an overall color reduction of 91 %
(mass basis) for caustic extraction filtrate. Conceptual
designs and economic analyses were developed for
treatment systems with capacities of 3,790 cu m/day
(1 MM gpd) and 7,980 cu m/day (2 MM gpd). Addition-
ally, caustic extraction filtrate and decker effluent
stream characteristics were monitored and qualitative
assessments of ultrafiltrate and UF concentrate recy-
cle within a kraft mill were made.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sulfate pulping,
'Membranes, Colors, Pilot plants, Industrial waste
treatment, Paper industry. Design criteria, Cost analy-
sis, Capitalized costs, * Ultrafiltration.
PB80-166150 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes.
Third Annual Progress Report, October 1, 1977-
September 30,1976,
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., NM.
December 1983 851
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
E. M. Wewerka, J. M. Williams, L. E. Wangen, J. P.
Bertino, and P. L. Wanek. Jun 79,94p LA-7831-PR,
EPA-600/7-79-144
See also Annual rept. no. 1 dated Mar 78, LA-6835-
PR. Sponsored in part by Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
The report gives third year results of a program to
characterize the trace element content of coal waste.
In 1978 laboratory experiments were performed to in-
vestigate the efficacy of several control options to
treat coal wastes at the preparation plant or during dis-
posal. The research revealed that calcining is one of
the more effective and permanent means of treating
high sulfur coal wastes before disposal to decrease,
quite dramatically, the release of environmentally un-
desirable pollutants into the drainages from disposal
sites. Co-disposal of the coal wastes with lime or lime-
stone to neutralize the acid drainage and contain solu-
ble aqueous contaminants within the waste site is also
a promising control. Other experiments examined the
feasibility of using natural sealants (e.g., clays, soils,
calcite, and cements) to isolate the disposal site from
its immediate environment. The report discusses the
various trade offs for these control options in terms of
contaminant reduction, complexity, permanency, and
cost.
Keywords: *Coal preparation plants, *Trace elements,
•Solid waste disposal, 'Chemical analysis, Assess-
ments, Roasting, Calcium oxides, Liners, Clays, Ce-
ments, Drainage, Leaching, Cost analysis, Technolo-
gy, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), *Coal
refuse.
PB80-166481 PC A09/MF A01
Southwestern Ohio Regional Computer Center.
Program Documentation for the Gas Chromatog-
raphy Automation System. Extramural rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Jonathan E. Kopke. Fab 80,188p* EPA-600/4-80-011
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
This documentation contains the program listings, pro-
gram flowcharts, symbol definitions, symbol refer-
ences, and program descriptions of all the BASIC lan-
guage programs which implement the functional speci-
fications for an advanced chromatography automation
system (EPA report PB80-100563). The programs are
written in Data General Extended BASIC Revision 4.3
Keywords: *Gas chromatography, 'Automatic equip-
ment, Automation, Chemical analysis,
Concentratipn(Composition), Data processing, Labo-
ratory equipment, BASIC programming language,
Computer programs, *GCAS system.
PB80-166572 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Environmental Outlook 1978/79. Annual rept. 1978-
79,
International Research and Technology Corp.,
McLean, VA.
Richard Meyer, Carol Blair, Don S. Cooper, Peter Hall,
and Richard Reither. Jan 80,167p* EPA-600/9-80-
020
Contracts EPA-68-01-4309, EPA-68-01-4358
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-287 514. Prepared in
cooperation with Urban Systems Research and Engi-
neering Corp., Cambridge, MA.
Projections of pollutants produced and released to air
and to bodies of water, by Federal Region, from 1975
to 1990 are presented and discussed. These are pro-
jections of the Strategic Environmental Assessment
System (SEAS), which is a computer model consisting
of a detailed sector by sector economic model, and a
set of emission coefficients describing regulated levels
of control of each industrial sector and region. The
conventional air pollutants treated included particu-
lates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons,
and carbon monoxide. Point source water pollutants
treated include suspended solids, dissolved solid, oil
and grease, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemi-
cal oxygen demand. Certain cases of toxics dis-
charged to air and water from a list of beryllium, cadmi-
um, manganese, nickel, and selenium are also includ-
ed. The prelections are diven by three sets of energy
and GNP growth assumptions, spanning from 2.8% to
3.7% per year GNP growth. An interpretation of the
National Energy Plan I Is used as the set of high growth
assumptions.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, *Air pollution,
•Water pollution, 'Solid wastes, Metal industry, Iron
and steel industry, Paper industry, Chemical industry,
Electric utilities, Textile industry, Mining, Manufactur-
ing, Industries, Industrial plants, Economic surveys,
Trends, Forecasting, •Industrial sector, Strategic Envi-
ronmental Assessment System, National Energy Plan,
SEAS system.
PB80-166598 PC A10/MF A01
Assessment of Energy Resource Development
Impact on Water Quality: The Tongue and Powder
River Basins. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
S. M. Melancon, B. C. Hess, and R. W. Thomas. Dec
79,216p EPA-600/7-79-249
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biology. See also report dated Nov 79,
PB80-153901.
The primary objective of this report is to evaluate the
existing water quality monitoring network in the
Tongue and Powder River Basins and to recommend
needed modifications to the present sampling pro-
gram. As a basis for these recommendations, known
developments, both present and planned, are dis-
cussed, and available data examined. The impact of
developers on both water quality and quantity is de-
fined. Two areas of particular concern are coal strip
mining activities in the vicinity of Sheridan and oil field
operations in the Salt Creek watershed.
Keywords: 'Water resources, *Water quality, *Coal
deposits, Crude oil, Coal mining, Strip mining. Water
supply, Water consumption, Water pollution, Environ-
mental impacts, Wildlife, Monitoring, Montana, Wyo-
ming, 'Resource development, 'Energy source devel-
opment, Tongue River Basin, Powder River Basin.
PB80-166622 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Advanced Filtration of Pulp Mill Wastes. Final rept.
28 Apr 75-27 Feb 78,
International Paper Co., Mobile, AL.
John T. McKinnon. Dec 79,114p EPA-600/2-79-209
Grant EPA-R-803667-01-1
Laboratory and pilot plants studies of reverse osmosis
(hyperfiltration) and ultrafiltration of pulp mill wastes
were performed by International Paper Company and
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (subcontractor).
Decker filtrates were treated with dynamically formed
reverse osmosis membranes consisting of hydrous zir-
conium (IV) oxide and polyacrylic acid. Bleach plant
caustic extraction filtrate (E1) was treated with dynami-
cally formed ultrafiltration membranes consisting of hy-
drous zirconium (IV) oxide and hydrous silicon (IV)
oxide. The units demonstrated that a properly de-
signed system could effectively treat pulp mill
wastewaters to reduce pollution loads and provide re-
cyclable permeates. Mechanical difficulties prevented
the accumulation of sufficient data for scale-up calcu-
lations, but the experience obtained will be useful to
future work involving dynamic membrane systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Paper industry,
'Filtration, Design, Performance evaluation, Mem-
branes, Laboratory equipment, Pilot plants, Compari-
son, Technology, Coagulation, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Osmosis, Hyperfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Re-
verse osmosis membranes.
PB80-166713 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Tolt Water Supply Mixed Asbestlform Re-
moval Study. Appendices B and C. Final rept. May
76-Nov 78,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
Gregory J. Kirmeyer. Dec 79,161 p EPA-600/2-79-153
Grant EPA-R-804422
See also PB80-117591 and PB80-122609.
For 1 112 years the Seattle Water Department con-
ducted direct filtration pilot plant studies at the Tolt
Reservoir, obtaining data on techniques to remove
amphibole and chrysotlle asbestos from drinking
water. Research showed that filtered water turbidity
should be 0.1 ntu or lower In order to effectively
remove fibers. Flocculation was necessary but sedi-
mentation was not. Amphibole fibers are more readily
removed than chrysotile, but both types could be re-
duced to below detectable limits or to not sta"8"??'!
significant counts by treatment with alum, Jin*1"*° "
filter aid or alum, cationic polymer and a filter aiu,,<*
cationic polymer and a filter aid. Asbestos fibercontem,
of filtered water increased sharply when ''«|rednwf.f8
turbidity rose above 0.10 ntu. Appendix B <»njain»
equipment photographs; data on operating c°.na'.'™hid
water quality, fiber counting, and filter media; wrw
water test data; results of sludge studies; ana oow-
mentation of cost estimation data. Appendix C nas u=-
tails on conditions for each filter run.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Water treatment 'FilUation,
Serpentine, Amphiboles, Pilot plants, Turbidity, r-io<*
lating, Fibers, Alums, Coagulation, Fluid «'»«•, .mates
Backwashing, Potable water, Sludge, Cost estimates.
Settling, Washington(State), Tolt Reservu ,
Seattle(Washington).
PB80-166853 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
Survey^ Dry SO2 Control Systems. Final rept Apr
79-Jan 80,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
G. M. Blythe, J. C. Dickerman, and M. E Kelly.
122p EPA-600/7-80-030
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
of dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes in
U.S. for both industrial and utility applications, '"f" •
sessment is based on reviews of past and currei 11
search, development, and commercial activities. *i
terns covered include: (1) spray dryers withi ««"
baghouse or electrostatic (ESP) particulate colieciw
(2) dry injection of alkaline material followed JVJ*^.
ouse or ESP collection of wastes, and (3) otner »»
terns, such as coal-alkaline material feeds to> a f»
bustor and passage of flue gas through a fixea aw
alkaline material. A summary of dry FGD processes, *
eluding key features of three types of dry sys^JLc
commercial systems, is provided. Limited ec°"1!Len.
data are also presented. Conclusions and recornrw
dations are given on the potential role EPA can »" dw
advance the overall environmental acceptability 01 a
FGD systems as viable SO2 control alternatives.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Flue gases,
dioxide, Industrial wastes, Combustion products. = £
trie power plants, Substitutes, Surveys, Electro8"
precipitators, Particles, Scrubbers, 'Dry methoos,
gas desulfurization, Baghouses, Fabric filters.
PB80-166861 PC A03/MF £
Studies to Determine the Absorption and r
tlon Dynamics of Lead. Summary rept. 1976-',
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
NV. r
Anita A. Mullen, Robert E. Mosley, and Zachary^-
Nelson. Feb 80,40p EPA-600/3-80-030
The studies were designed to provide a basis 'of f*
veloping a relatively rapid mammalian test syfl"^\0n,
lead, to provide information on intestinal absortiwg|
routes of excretion, and rates of transfer to neon
and to determine the usefulness of trace-elerneni v
tent of feces, urine, blood, hair, and other to88"8',.
, , , ,
estimating exposure. As rodents are endemic «>.
areas of interest, the laboratory rat was used as ; in
ologfcal monitor. As resident avian species are
undertaken to determine if Japanese quail cou;° 1 pol-
tion as reliable indicators to track the movement u- r
lutants from source to receptor.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Absorption,
•Toxicology, Feces, Urine, Blood, joi-
Tissues(Biologv), Exposure, Intestines, Animal P^U,
Estimating, Indicator
ogy,
Concentration(Composition), Pathology, P|a
Trace elements, Bioindicatore, Bioaccumulatlon.
PB80-186879
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., .
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Pv.^.
Select Research Group In Air Pollution Met*01
ogy. Final rept. May 72-Mar 78,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. llirn|ey,
R. A. Anthes, A. K. Blackadar, R. L. Kabel, J- L. W*1
and H. Tennekes. Feb 80, 87p EPA-600/4-80-01 e.
852 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
l^tEPA-R-800297
°«e also report dated Sep 74, PB-241 391 .
program in air pollution meteorol-
a?«mlfleo as a central problem the development of
^*»nprehen8ive mesoscale prediotlva transport
gSS?' capable of nesting within a global scale grid
eC? and sufficiently flexible in scale to be used for
bounnW"81 or urban problems. The treatment of the
them!?!? 8Utfioiently general to permit application of
In tha * to comPlex terrain problems. Also Included
or»! .£?up 8 effort nave been a variety of subsidiary
mSL?i ^o-^mensional models for the prediction of
and Ih, yer deDth. nocturnal mixed layer evolution,
atonS? yamlv drlven convection regimes. Work was
vebnm on dePosition processes and on facility de-
valfl.« or measurements of air quality and model
of thl needs- This final report presents summaries
straw, ajor tesk8' together with references and ab-
duct i,of,Pul:)li8ned papers and dissertations pro-
090 by the investigators and their students.
*?-' *Alr P°llution. 'Atmospheric models, Urban
n\.«8troR°'itan areas. Terrain, Diurnal variations,
PherK0"' Wind(Meteorology), Abstracts,
P^rtc boundary layer, Path of pollutants.
,
Atmos-
6e'c78Vlronm-ntal Pollut«'nt«- Final rept. Jan 7™
» Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
--w-015'and L B- Rofler8- Feb 80- 74P EPA-600/
QrantEPA.R.804i55-03-0
b
enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman
ry (CARS) has been demonstrated as a
M™ laer>tlficatlon system for liquid chromatogra-
ilaulrt Ak ater Pollution identification. To achieve this,
Son "T/omatographlc preconcentration and separa-
flranh/?T. computer control of the liquid chromato-
aefJi^u'tfavlolet-visible/CARS were undertaken. Ob-
the Sri, U8e1ul in relating experimental variables in
HTBconcentration step to the recovery of a given
•""» were made. A system consisting of a liquid
Ph, a scanning ultraviolet-visible spec-
I the CARS was automated using a mlnl-
oonESI' '-'o'umn selection, flow rate, ana solvent
yiWetuuSS" were monitored and controlled. The ultra-
tenoth,. 5e spectrometer was used at a fixed wave-
tra wa^J a *Pecles was detected. The Raman spec-
*lthnn.ii nen scanned under control of the computer
ur<-«ne signal averaging and data smoothing.
1rtvtetatd!: *Raman spectroscopy, 'Water analysis, Ul-
^iratihu^tectroscopy, Visible spectrum, Gas chroma-
meriS «/ !uore8cence, Chemical analysis. Trace ele-
itiem it er pollution, Samples, Laboratory equlp-
W ^sofbersCMaterials), ''Water pollution detec-
pC A07/MF A01
roental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
aS'y of Precipitation from Sequentially Sam-
Sfc irmt- Final rept. Oct 76-Sep 76,
Lib/* Academy, West Point, NY. Science Research
aon, T- w' Dolzine, and R. C. Graham. Jan
A-600/4-80-004
sampling techniques and applications to
•ante, Prec'P"tation are reviewed. Chemical data for
8amS!l oolwcted by an intensity-weighted sequential
Sr/S d?,vice in operation at the U.S. Military Aced-
ia/all 8t Point. New York from October 1976 to April
^Riti Pre8ented and discussed. The problem of dry
W«kirrto2n is explored. A newly designed Intensity-
Son i»T? sequential sampler that excludes dry deposi-
t*n*H<]Resented. The experiments have shown that in-
lat*d sea" indlvidual storms to evaluate intensity
"^avenging.
•ology), 'Acidity,
>/, pH, Air pollution, Sampling, Deposition,
Laboratory equipment, Design, Perform-
evaluation, Sites, Aerosols,
(Composition), New York, *Air pollution
sampling, "Acid precipitation, West Polnt(New York),
Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB80-167018 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mechanism of S02 and H2SO4 Aerosol Zinc Cor-
rosion. Final rept. 9 May-9 Jun 79,
Rockwell International, Thousand Oaks, CA. Science
Center.
Alan B. Harker, Florian B. Mansfeld, Dennis R.
Strauss, and Dwight D. Landls. Jan 80,42p EPA-600/
3-80-018
Contract EPA-68-02-2944
This study established the physical variables control-
ling the SO2 and H2SO4 Induced corrosion of zinc.
Relative humidity, temperature, air flow velocity, flow
turbulence, aerosol size range, and pollutant concen-
tration were controlled. Corrosion measurements were
made through the use of an atmospheric corrosion
monitor. The results showed that the principal factors
controlling pollutant induced corrosion are relative hu-
midity, the rate of pollutant flux to the surface, and the
chemical form of the pollutant. SO2 was observed to
induce a higher corrosion rate In the zinc than H2SO4
on a molecule for molecule basis. Flow dynamic meas-
urements provided bulk and size detailed deposition
velocities for two different accumulation mode H2S04
aerosol size distributions as a function of frictional ve-
locity, and a deposition velocity for S02 gas. The over-
all results Indicate that under most ambient conditions
SO2 Induced corrosion damage will dominate over
H2SO4 effects.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Aerosols,
"SuKuric acid, 'Corrosion mechanisms, Zinc, Surface
chemistry, Monitoring, Laboratory equipment, Chemi-
cal reactions.
PB80-167026 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Microscopical Analyst* ot Aerosols Collected In
St. Louie, Missouri. Final rept. Jun 75-Oct 77,
(IT Research Inst., Chicago, IL
Ronald G. Draftz, and Kathryn Severin. Feb 80,61 p
EPA-600/3-80-027
Grant EPA-R-803078
A study of the concentration of total suspended partic-
ulates (TSP) was conducted at two sampling sites in
St. Louis, Missouri during July 1975. One site located
at the southeastern boundary of the city was adjacent
to an industrial area. The other sampling site was lo-
cated In the commercial downtown area of St. Louis.
Selected filters were analyzed microscopically to de-
termine the types and sources of particles contributing
to the TSP. The principal cause of high TSP concentra-
tions, except for one sample from the Industrial site,
was the mineral calclte, which accounted for approxi-
mately 50% to 80% of the total TSP at both sites. The
highest TSP concentratlon-214.4 mlcrogram/cu m re-
corded at the site near the industrial area-was the only
sample that showed significant contributions from In-
dustrial sources. Approximately 60-75% of the TSP
was due to coal and coke particles, probably produced
for, or used in, metallurgical reduction. Another 5-15%
of the TSP was composed of titanium dioxide and hy-
drated iron oxides, probably from pigment production.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Microscopy,
Sampling, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Aero-
sols, Industrial wastes, Titanium oxides, Iron oxides,
Calcite, Missouri, *Air pollution sampling, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB80-167034 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sensitivity of Soil Region* to Add Precipitation.
Final rept. May-Oct 79,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Agronomy.
William W. McFee. Jan 80,188p EPA-6QO/3-80-013
Grant EPA-B-0531NAEX
Atmospheric deposition of acid and other materials
may pose a significant threat to some soils and the
ecosystems they support. The project objective was to
develop maps of the eastern United States that delin-
eate soil areas according to their expected sensitivity
to the effects of acid precipitation. Four parameters
are important in estimating soil sensitivity to acid pre-
cipitation: (1) The total buffering capacity or cation ex-
change capacity; (2) the base saturation; (3) the man-
agement system Imposed on the soil; and (4) the pres-
ence or absence of carbonates In the soil profile.
Keywords: 'Acidification, *Preclpitation(Meteorology),
'Soil properties, Acidity, Deposition, Cation exchang-
ing. Sensitivity, Maps, States(United States), Soil pro-
files, Carbonates, Classifications, 'Acid precipitation.
PB80-167042 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Carbonaceous Aerosol Generator for Inhalation
Studies. Final rept. Feb 78-Apr 79,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Thomas G. K. Lee, and George W. Mulholland. Feb 80,
53pEPA-600/1-80-014
A carbonaceous aerosol generator designed for inha-
lation experiments with animals is described. The aer-
osol produced from a modified diffusion flame has a
concentration of 3-10 mg/cu. m. at a flow rate of 30 U
min. The addition of a small amount of O2 to the acety-
lene 1uel greatly increased the efficiency of fuel to par-
ticulate conversion, the maximum value was 2.5%.
The aerosol size characteristics were: Dgn = 0.14
micro m., based on the electrical aerosol analyzer; ap-
proximately 0.08 micro m., based on a low pressure in-
ertial impactor; mediam elementary particle approxi-
mately 0.023 micro m. and mediam agglomerate parti-
cle approximately 0.54 micro m., based on transmis-
sion electron microscopy. The size characteristics of
the generated aerosol are compared with diesel ex-
haust based on available published data.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Respiration,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Air pollution,
Soot, Diffusion flame, 'Diesel engine exhaust, Particu-
lates.
PB80-167075 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Evalua-
tion of Water Plant Llm« Sludge In an Industrial
Boiler FGD (Flue Qa* DesulfurTzatlon) System at
Rlekenbackar AF8. Final rept. Sep 78-Feb 79,
Cottrell Environmental Sciences, Somerville, NJ.
Robert J. Ferb. Nov 79,81p EPA-600/7-79-247
The report gives results of a September 1978-Febru-
ary 1979 test program to evaluate lime water softening
waste sludge as an alternate reagent for a flue gas de-
sulfurizatlon (FGD) system on an industrial boiler at
Rickenbacker Air Force Base, Ohio. The study also In-
cluded assessing the availability of the material, de-
signing a system to handle and feed the material, and
comparing the economics with conventional lime and
limestone reagents. The tests showed that such mate-
rial worked very well as a reagent and was comparable
to lime performance during earlier tests. At SO2 re-
moval efficiencies of up to 80%, utilization exceeded
95%. The study showed that as much as 4-5 million
tons/year of the material may be available, much of it
in the Midwest U.S. where large deposits of high sulfur
cated. Estimates indicated that use of water softening
sludge in a typical Industrial FGD system results In sub-
stantially lower annual operating costs compared with
either lime or limestone.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sludges, 'Flue
gases, 'Water treatment, 'Solid waste disposal, Calci-
um oxides, Water softening, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Operating costs, Cost analysis,
Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Potable water,
Substitutes, Scrubbers, Capitalized costs, Design, Flue
gas desulfurization, Rickenbacker Air Force Base.
PB80-167257 PC A04/MF A01
Freshwater Findings, 1976-1978. Research Publi-
cations of the Environmental Research Laborato-
ry, Duluth, Minnesota. Bibliography rept.,
Environmental Research Lab.-Dulutn, MN.
Chris Russom. Jan 60,68p EPA-600/9-80-007
This bibliography, inclusive from 1976 through 1978
lists all publications authored by personnel of the Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory-Duluth. Some of the
research findings were to determine how physical and
chemical pollution affects aquatic life; to assess the ef-
fects of ecosystems on pollutants; to predict effects of
December 1983 853
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pollutants on large lakes through use of models; to
measure bioaccumulation of pollutants in aquatic orga-
nisms that are consumed by other animals, including
man.
Keywords: "Fresh water biology, 'Bibliographies, Re-
search projects, Fresh water fishes, Toxicity, Larvae,
Metals, Pesticides, Oxygen, Water pollution, Ab-
stracts, Technical reports.
PB80-167265 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for 2,4-Dlamlnotoluene. Level I -
Preliminary. Final rept,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Pauline Johnston, Ron Burger, Virginia Hodge, Karen
Walker, and Karen Slimak. 22 Feb 80,74p* 2-800-03-
379-24, EPA-560/13-79-016
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
The purpose of the Level I materials balance for 2,4-
Diaminotoluene is to evaluate the sources of release
of 2,4-DAT to the environment. 2,4-Diaminotoluene is
produced commercially for use in the manufacture of
2,4-toluene diisocyanate and dyes. 2,4-Toluene diiso-
cyanate (2,4-TDI) production is estimated to account
for 99% pf 2,4-DAT use. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is
commercially manufactured for use in the production
of urethane products, mainly polyurethane foams. 2,4-
Diaminotoluene is produced directly through its manu-
facture and indirectly through the hydrolysis of 2,4-TDI
and polyurethane foams, the metabolism of 2,4-dinitro-
toluene, and the degradation of dyes. Small quantities
of 2,4-DAT are imported into the U.S. directly and as a
contaminant in 2,4-DAT-containing dyes. The major
sources of release of 2,4-DAT to the environment are
2,4-DAT manufacture and 2,4-TDI hydrolysis. Minor
sources of release are TDI production, the use of poly-
urethane foams, dye production and use, the import of
2,4-DAT and the export of TDI. Releases of 2,4-DAT
appear to be greatest in areas of West Virginia and
Louisiana. Of the 196,000 kkg of 2,4-DAT estimated to
have been produced in 1977, greater than 10,600 kkg
(5.4%) is estimated to have been released to the envi-
ronment during that year.
Keywords: "Material balance, "Environmental surveys,
Toluenes, Manufacturing, Urethanes, Polyurethane
resins, Sources, Nitrogen organic compounds, Foam,
'Toluene/diamino, Isocyanic acid/(methylphenylene-
ester).
PB80-167422 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Guides for Quality Assurance In Environmental
Health Research. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. E. Tatsch, and Ferris B. Benson. Feb 79,115p EPA-
600/1-79-013
Contract EPA-68-022612
The document provides conceptual guidelines for the
development, implementation and evaluation of re-
search task quality assurance plans for staff of the
Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL/RTP) of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. It is designed to assist
project officers in applying quality assurance concepts
to each phase of a research task, from the initial plan-
ning through final report preparation. It is designed to
assist the management staff in evaluating these plans
and their implementation, for intramural as well as ex-
tramural tasks. The guidelines describe the policy of
HERL/RTP with respect to quality assurance, the
structure of the quality assurance organization, and
outlines specific quality^assurance responsibilities for
various staff positions. They also analyze the research
task with respect to the various steps which project of-
ficers may take to ensure the highest possible data
quality commensurate with resource limitations. Fol-
lowing this discussion, more specific guidelines relat-
ing to dosing activities and animal care are provided.
Keywords: Quality control, Management, Research,
Guidelines, Development, Implementation, Evaluation,
Plans, Policies, 'Quality assurance, 'Environmental
health, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB80-188066 PC AOfl/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Approaches to Analyzing Data from the Portland
Study, Task 4. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Larry S. L. Lai, and John D. Gins. May 79,181 p TSC-
PD-A158-5
Contract EPA-68-03-2392
The EPA is currently conducting the Short Test Corre-
lation and Effectiveness Study (Portland Study), a
large-scale emission testing program, in Portland,
Oregon. For all the vehicles involved in the study, vehi-
cle emissions are measured by three short tests (STs)
at a state inspection station and by the three tests plus
the Federal Emission Certification Test Procedure
(FTP) at an emission testing laboratory. The two basic
areas of interest in the Portland Study are: (1) the issue
of association of short-test emissions (as measured in
areal-wqrld inspection/maintenance environment) and
FTP emissions; and (2) theoretical and practical ques-
tions concerning the process of inspection and mainte-
nance. The purpose of this report is to provide various
sound statistical procedures that could be used in ana-
lyzing data from the Portland Study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Maintenance, Motor vehicles, Oregon,
'Portland(Oregon).
PB80-168156 CP T06
MPTER (Multiple Point Algorithm with Terrain Ad-
justment). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Thomas E. Pierce, D. Bruce Turner, and Adrian D.
Busse. 17 Mar 80, mag tape EPA/DF-80/004
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions.
Tape MPTER contains (1) an air quality simulation
model, MPTER, and seven example runstreams for
the model; (2) two postprocessor programs useful for
determining highest and second highest concentra-
tions for air quality simulation model output: TPHI5 for
end-to-end averages and TPRN25 for running aver-
ages; (3) formatted meteorological data useful for
CRSTER, RAMF, and MPTER example runs; (4) a pro-
gram (UNFORMET) to convert the above meteorologi-
cal data into unformatted form for entry to the stated
models; and (5) a program PTPLU, an improvement of
PTMAX, which determines maximum concentrations
and distance to maximum concentration for a variety of
wind speed and stability conditions. Calculations are
made both for wind speed constant with height and
wind speed increasing with height. MPTER is useful for
estimating relatively non-reactive pollutant concentra-
tions hour-by-hour using the Gaussian steady-state
model. The model is most applicable for source-recep-
tor distances less than 10 km in level or gently rolling
terrain. Available options include terrain adjustment,
gradual plume rise, stack downwash, and buoyancy-in-
duced dispersion.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, Plumes,
Wind velocity, ConcentrationjComposition), Terrain,
Fortran, Magnetic tapes, 'Atmospheric dispersion,
'MPTER model, TPHI5 computer program, TPRN25
computer program, UNFORMET computer program,
PTPLU computer program, Gaussian plume models.
PB80-168529 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Teratologlc Effects of Long-Term Exposure to
Diesel Exhaust Emissions (Rabbits). Rept. for 19
Dec 78-25 May 79,
WIL Research Labs., Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Kathleen M. Werchowski, Stephen P. Henne, and G.
Bruce Briggs. Jan 80,49p EPA-600/1-80-011
Contract EP A-68-03-2652
This research project was initiated with the objective of
evaluating the potential for diesel exhaust emissions to
produce malformations in rabbit fetuses. The pregnant
does were exposed by the inhalation route to a 10%
concentration of diesel exhaust emissions In inhalation
chambers on days 6 through 18 of gestation. Methods
used conform to the guideline developed by the Food
and Drug Administration for evaluating teratogenic ef-
fects In rabbits. The results of the exposure of preg-
nant rabbits Indicate that diesel exhaust emissions
have no effect upon the normal development of rabbit
fetuses. Diesel exhaust emissions did not effect any of
the parameters evaluated to assess maternal toxicity
nor total number of fetuses born.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Exhaust emissions, .
Exposure, Bioassay, Pregnancy, Mutations, r™?|'flX.
tion, Embryos, 'Teratogenesis, 'Diesel engine
haust, Fetuses, 'Toxic substances.
PB80-168537 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxicity of the Polychlorlnated Blphenyl
1016 to Mink,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
R. J. Aulerich, and R. K. Ringer. Feb 80, 34p fc
3-80-033
Contract EPA-68-03-1187
Effects of the PCB Aroclor 1016 on reproduction;
growth, and survival of mink (Mustela vison; ww
vestigated. Mink raised according to commercial'" 2
ranch procedures were fed diets that container «.
10, and 25 ppm Aroclor 1016 for up to 18 "wro™: Kit
production was not adversely affected, aitnouai ^
growth and survival were suboptimum in sornB" op.
treated groups. No hematologic differences we»> ^
served between the treated and non-treated.nw.^
heart weight increased and kidney weight i
in the older animals of two of the three Pi
groups. No consistent gross lesions asso?l&'Tn rriinK
PCB toxicity were observed. The PCB residue m rw
tissues was directly related to the quantity 01 »"*.-»
1016 in the diet. Residues in mink kits sui
Aroclor 1016 passes the placental barrier.
Keywords: 'Toxicology,
Ingestion(Biology), Diets, Survival, Chlorine
compounds, Laboratory .Toxic
Reproduction(Biology), Growth, Heart, Kidney, '" ..
substances, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, BjP"
chloro, 'Aroclor 1016, Mink, Mustela vison, P
residues, Bioaccumulation.
PB80-168701 ,.h.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laa, "
OK- ^ oaatlir-
Animal Waste Utilization on Cropland and Pa»'En.
eland. A Manual for Evaluating Agronomic an" Jun
vlronmental Effects. Utilization research repi. -
Science and Education Administration, Washing!0 .
a f
. Gilbertson, F. A. Norstadt, A. C. Mathers, H-f-
, and A. P. Barnett. May 78, 1 50p USDA/URR"0'
DC.
C. B.
Holt,
EPA-600/2-79-059 ...
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Engineering and agronomic techniques to P'
control the volume of nutrients and chemical
demand leaving the application sites, cause f> |"Lj0|.
application of animal wastes, are described. Meinu-
ogy was developed to enable the user to '"^
pollutant loads for different management pra
and to select the best management practice
me imormaiion is presented in me IUIIM "• r^pic
maps, decision flow charts, tables, graphs, exa» *
problems and brief technical highlights.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agricultural wastes, 'F
'Water pollution, Manuals, Site selection,
Farm crops, Nitrogen, Salinity, Zinc, Iron, Soil --
ties, Deterioration, Leaching, Livestock, P°u'™{' nllrfl,
nomic factors, Plant growth, Tables(Data), Ma""
'Land application.
PB80-169220 PC A03/MF*° ,
Pilot Study of Ambient Air Pollution and Survi'
from Cancer,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research
Park, NC. Population Studies Div. ,
Gregg S. Wilkinson, Peter A. Reese, and Roger u
Priore.Jan80,32pEPA-600/1-80-009 , ^-figl
Prepared in cooperation wtih Roswell Park Memo'
Inst., Buffalo, NY.
The study was concerned with investigating to
tlal Influence exerted by ambient concentration'^.
paniculate and sulfur dioxide air pollutants »>°
pancuate an suur oxe ar pouans r
length of survival for diagnosed cancer patients. M". r
taring data from the National Aerometric Data Bar* •'
partlculates and sulfur dioxide were examined I" **
854 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
«l Tum»q£ survival data from the Lake Area Region-
ratory can™08.-099'311^ Len9th °f survival for respi-
W to moli Patler|ts was found to be inversely relat-
Pa«entswh[?Um-JParticulate levels- Survival times for
'ate levek f reslded in areas where maximum particu-
"WcanSv «,h^eed?d 24° micrograms/cu m were sig-
in IX u°,uer,tnan '«• similar patients who resided
°aricerr»t,* . lower Particulate levels. Colorectal
n°t «a*SSSii demonstrated a similar trend that was
batween i .7 "y s'9iificant. No association was found
°rSol L:=r"val of leukemia patients and paniculate
ratory tTBM i nor, was soa related to survival of respi-
ina8suao=,l?!u00lorectal cancer PBtients. These find-
may haS, ! J1?1 n'9.nly polluted air in residential areas
Patients Ii?kletenous effect on the survival time of
tiQri8l restm certain types of neoplastic disease. Addi-
cancar *,;,?• cn.'s called 'or of the relationship between
Specially pa,?- afd exP°sure *° ambient air pollution,
*SWf£rcts: *Air. pollution, 'Malignant neoplasms,
Concantr,,,- dl?xlde, Environments, Survival,
pWoafa°in(£0mposition)' Patients, Exposure,
9lcal effects, Cancer, Particulates.
r. c • PC A03/MF A01
ar es Research Lab- Research Tri-
/
actEpA-68
, MA.
-02-2750
Pl8s ten?8!?'?." and characterization of standard sam-
Will be
iting several valence states for sulfur, va-
chromium are described. The standards
rsancvtVr^ by tne u-s- Environmental Protection
8n°6 statB"^estigate the potential for determining va-
ray aitiissinn R resolution wavelength dispersive x-
"""tistate =» analysis. A total of 40 single state and 13
"^ CMI.V.K dards were prepared by dust generation
«ampiea7™9n on Polycarbonate filters. The prepared
A2'' VanaSh, v?'ence states include sulfur (0, +4, +6,
At least S""1 (0' +4' +5)' and chromium (+3, +6).
6n°e sbZ standards were prepared for each va-
>?'* eleml' w- n mass concentration of the valence
rhe pronar "J'" 8 ran98 1 to 50 micrograms/sq cm.
"Itroceiinu ?amples were coated with a thin layer of
teotlv9 cn*r y a Wickin9 procedure to provide a pro-
5?"tativB f .9 and to Prevent loss of material. Repre-
lla ri-_ wrnples were analwarl fnr (ho i inlfnrmity of
tir, and
Standards, *Air pollution, *X ray fluores-
'^' vw»dium, rChromium, X ray analy-
8'?.8' Samples, Molecular energy levels,
Chemical analysis, *Air pollution detec-
no
-ea.
O
... PC A04/MF A01
environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
1 Containment for Geothermal Brines. Final
9' Su'r!^^0™10 Beach'CA-
S°od\Jn c Vurpriy. J- Reitzel, L. Leventhal, and W.
^ntraM cr?.0 8°- °5p EPA-600/7-80-024
ff«CtEPA-68-03-2560
"i^K examines the probability of significant re-
ah ,.9 ,tnermal brine to the surface environment
*'""Planned or accidental events. It then evalu-
s containment measures that may be used to
'environmental damage. The results indicate
i are likely to be very rare and that
rt--•;•••« systems and diked containment areas
u Provide adequate protection.
Environmental impacts, Contain-
ntion, 'Geothermal power plants,
fluids, 'Land pollution, Pollution control.
PC A05/MF A01
OfflceSmcntal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"" 01 Energy, Minerals an3 Industry.
The Development of an Aqueous Trace Organic
Standard Reference Material for Energy Related
Applications: Investigation of the Aqueous Solu-
bility Behavior of Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons. Interim rept. Nov 76-May 78,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
Willie E. May. Feb 80,90p EPA/600/7-80-031
The development of a Standard Reference Material for
aqueous solutions of known concentration of polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons is an extremely difficult
procedure. This paper is one of a series discussing the
development of a generator column technique at NBS
for the production of Standard Reference Materials for
PAH's in water. In addition to providing the basis for
SRM development the aqueous solubility is a funda-
mental parameter in assessing the extent and rate of
the dissolution of energy based polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons and their persistence in the aquatic envi-
ronment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Solubility, Solvent extraction, Water anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, 'Standard reference materi-
als, 'Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB80-169378 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Chemical Effects of Red Clays on Western Lake
Superior. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
Donald A. Bahnick, Thomas P. Markee, and Ronald K.
Roubal. Jan 79,119p EPA-905/9-79-003
Grant EPA-R-005169-01
The southwestern shoreline area of Lake Superior is
subjected to extensive erosion of glacial-lacustrine red
clay deposits. Clay bluff from the shoreline contains a
large percentage of clay-size particles which remain
suspended in Lake Superior for days to weeks. The
clay-size particles undergo solubilization and ex-
change processes in the lake water. This investigation
measures inputs of chemical parameters from clay
particles in Lake Superior water as of a function of
time. Comparisons of the chemical input magnitudes
from shoreline erosion, sediment resuspension, and
river paniculate transport are made. Monitoring of Bay-
field County, Wisconsin streams for sediment transport
was done for the spring runoff period. The chemical
characteristics of a near-shoreline Lake Superior site
was studied as a function of water turbidity.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Lake Superior, Water chemistry, Particles, Dissolving,
Leaching, Erosion, Adsorption, Suspended sediments,
Copper, Manganese, Sediment transport, Runoff, Tur-
bidity, Monitoring, Wisconsin.
PB80-169386 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality and Planning Standards.
Case Study Analysis of Supplementary Control
System Reliability. Final technical rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
B. Egan, G. Hoffnagle, j. Lague, R. McCann, and S.
Doucette. Aug 78,209p EPA-450/3-78-039
Contract EPA-68-02-2090
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-260 648.
Through a supplementary control system (SCS), S02
emissions from a facility are temporarily curtailed when
meteorological conditions conducive to high ambient
S02 concentrations exist or are anticipated. This
report describes a case study demonstration of SCS
reliability analysis techniques presented In Technique
for Supplementary Control System Reliability Analysis
and Upgrading' (EPA-450/2-76 015). A user manual is
also provided. A primary objective of this study Is to
discuss the reliability analysis techniques and their ap-
plicability to the problem of estimating SCS reliability.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Air
pollution control equipment, Reliability, Performance
evaluation, Meteorological data, Mathematical
models, Computer programs, Fortran, PROBL comput-
er program, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB80-169410 PC A04/MF A01
Distribution of Phytoplankton In Utah Lakes. Rept
for 21 Feb-11 Dec 75,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab Las
Vegas, NV.
L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris,
and M. K. Morris. Dec 79, 73p EPA-600/3-79-120
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
This is a data report presenting the species and abun-
dance of phytopiankton in the 25 lakes sampled by the
National Eutrophication Survey in the State of Utah.
Results from the calculation of several water quality in-
dices are also included (Nygaard's Trophic State
Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index, and species
diversity and abundance indices).
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Surveys, Abundance, Distribution(Property), Water
quality, Indexes(Ratios), Utah, Tables(Data), 'Trophic
level, 'Eutrophication, Species diversity
PB80-169428 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati OH
Development of an In vitro Model for Screening
Organophosphates for Neurotoxlclty (Pilot
Study). Final rept. 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
Doyle G. Graham. Feb 80,43p EPA-600/1-80-016
Contract EPA-68-02-2953
An in vitro model utilizing neuroblastoma cell lines was
developed for the differentiation of organophosphorus
compounds which have the potential for induction of
delayed degeneration of peripheral nerves and the
spinal cord. IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, derived from
a human tumor, showed specific (3H)-norepinephrine
uptake. The greater effect of alkyl over aryl OP com-
pounds suggests a relationship with water solubility,
thus equilibrium between adsorption to agar and the
surrounding medium or lysosomal contents. The effect
of parathion was intermediate, less than that for mer-
phos, DEF and EPN but greater than that for leptophos
and TOCP. Electron microscopic observations suggest
further studies to define a morphologic lesion peculiar
to the clinically delayed neurotoxic OP compounds.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, In vitro analysis, Models, Development, Toxic-
ity, Neuroblastoma, Cell lines, Tissue cultures, Neuro-
toxins, Norepinephrine, Parathion, Phosphorothioic
acid/o-o-(dimethyl-ester)-o-(nitrophenyl-ester), Folex,
DEF-6 pesticide, EPN insecticide, Phasvel, TOCOP
pesticide.
PB80-169436 PC A04/MF A01
Scheme for Estimating Dispersion Parameters as
a Function of Release Height. Rept. for Jul 77-Jun
79,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John S. Irwin. Oct 79,68p EPA-600/4-79-062
A generalized scheme is presented for estimating at-
mospheric pollutant dispersion parameters as a func-
tion of release height. Further development is needed
to refine the scheme for more generalized applicability,
since, as documented in this discussion, the scheme
requires as Input meteorological data not routinely
available. The scheme incorporates results from vari-
ous studies, and once it is more practically structured it
will prove useful for characterizing dispersion from tall
sources in a variety of situations, the generalized
scheme was developed particularly for Gaussian
plume modeling; therefore, it Is restricted to modeling
applications having flat terrain and having steady-state
meteorological conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Height, Concentration(Compositlon), Plumes,
Wlnd(Meteorology), Fortran, Subroutines, 'Atmos-
pheric dispersion, Gaussian plume models, SZSY sub-
routine.
PB80-169643 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
December 1983 855
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reducing Waatewater from Cucumbar Pickling
Procaat by Controlled Culture Fermentation. Final
rept. 1975-79,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Linda W. Little, Jeffrey G. Wendle, Jeffrey Davis, Roert
M. Harrison, and Samuel J. Dunn. Feb 80,104p EPA-
600/2-80-046
Grant EPA-S-804220
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Agricultur-
al and Technical State Univ., Greensboro.
On a demonstration scale, the controlled culture fer-
mentation process (CCF) developed by the U.S. Food
Fermentation Laboratory was compared with the con-
ventional natural fermentation process (NF) in regard
to product quality and yield and volume and concentra-
tion of wastewaters. weight of cucumbers, volume of
water, and amounts of additives were recorded. pH,
acidity, salinity, and temperature were closely moni-
tored. After brining, brinestock quality was evaluated.
The brinestock was then processed; spent brines and
processing waters were collected. Volume and
wastewater characteristics (salinity, BOD, N and P
forms, residues) were determined tor the waters and
weight of brinestock was determined. The cucumbers
were then packed using a conventional finishing pro-
cedure for whole dill pickles and hamburger dill chips.
Yield of final product was determined. Acceptability of
the finished products was evaluated by a panel.
Keywords: *Food processing, "Vegetables, *Waste
water reuse, Fermentation, Quality control, Salinity,
Volume, Biochemical oxygen demand, Residues,
Brines, Metals, Acceptability, Cucumbers, Recycling.
PB80-169550 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Investigation of NO2/NOx Ratio* In Point Source
Plumes. Final rept. Dec 78-Dec 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. P. Blanks, E. P. Hamilton. Ill, B. R. Eppright, and N.
A. Nielsen. Feb 80,74p EPA-600/7-80-036
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also PB-289 498.
The report gives results of a study to relate ground
level NO2 concentrations to NOx emissions (NO2/
NOx ratio) in plumes from six large power plants in the
Chicago area, using a photo-stationary state reactive
Gaussian plume model. The aim of the study was to
assess the level of NOx control required to meet a
probable short-term NO2 national ambient air quality
standard (NAAQS). The major uncertainty of an earlier
study was Its assumption of uniform, fixed NO2/NOx
ratios of 0.5 (summer) and 0.25 (winter). The previous
study indicated that most of the six plants could meet a
500 microgram/cu m short-term N02 standard using
NOx combustion modification techniques (50% NOx
control); this study indicates NOx flue gas treatment
technology (90% control) may be required on these
plants to meet a 750 microgram/cu m standard, and
most certainly for 500 micrograms/cu m.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
•Electric power plants, Mathematical models, Industri-
al wastes, Standards, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Ozone, Flue
gases, Illinois, 'Point sources, "Air quality, Gaussian
plume models, Chicago(llllnois).
PB80-18956B PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Health Effects Research Program. Summary
Report for Fiscal Years 1974-1978,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Richard D. Thomas, Alexis D. Taylor, and Judith G.
Gordon. Dec 79,149p MTR-79W00100, EPA-600/7-
79-121
Contract EPA-68-01-5051
See also PB-284 265.
The Federal Interagency Energy/Environment Re-
search and Development Program which is coordinat-
ed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was
Initiated in the latter half of fiscal year 1974 to ensure
that health and environmental problems related to
energy resource development would be anticipated
and evaluated. This document provides an overview of
the Interagency-supported health effects research
program from an administrative as well as various
technical perspectives. In this updated program
review, which is based on the individual task progress
reports available for fiscal years 1974 through 1978,
the research projects are reviewed and discussed ac-
cording to Klng-Mulr objectives and selected scientific
discipline, biological endpoint, and agent/pollutant
categories.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Research and development,
'Energy source development, Cells(Biology), Ecology,
Animals, Humans, Selection, Research projects, Risk,
Assessments, Programs, Environmental health, Car-
clnogenesis, Mutagenesis.
PB80-169576 PC A04/MF A01
Dispersion of Sulfur Dioxide from the Clinch River
Power Plant, A Wind-Tunnel Study. Fluid modeling
rept. no. 7, Jun 77-Dec 78,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Roger S. Thompson. Sep 79,75p EPA-600/4-79-052
A wind-tunnel study of the transport and dispersion of
sulfur dioxide from the Clinch River Power Plant in Vir-
ginia was performed for periods of neutral atmospheric
conditions corresponding to two 1-hour periods for
which field data were available. A 7-km x 21 -km area of
the quite rugged complex terrain surrounding the
power plant was modeled at a scale of 1:1920 using a
terraced construction. Exaggerated stack diameters
were used in modeling the buoyant emissions from the
plant's two stacks.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Electric power
plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Ter-
rain, Transport properties, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Wind tunnels,
Concentration(Composition), Wind direction, Field
tests, Mathematical models, Clinch River Power Plant.
PB80-169S92 MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry.
Food Web Relationships of Northern Puget Sound
and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. A Synthesis of the
Available Knowledge. Final rept. Mar 77-Dec 78,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, WA. Environmental Research Labs.
Charles A. Simenstad, Bruce S. Miller, Carl F. Nyblade,
Kathleen Thornburgh, and Lewis J. Bledsoe. Sep 79,
346p EPA-600/7-79-259
Available microfiche only because of poor quality. Pre-
pared for MESA (Marine Ecosystems Analysis) Puget
Sound Project, Seattle, WA.
This report resulted from the need to synthesize exist-
ing knowledge of the structure of food webs in near-
shore marine habitats of northern Puget Sound and
the Strait of Juan de Fuca, in order to Identify the po-
tential transfer processes of petroleum hydrocarbons
through the marine ecosystem of the region. The ob-
jectives of this investigation were to: (1) identify the
food web structures of biological communities of nerlt-
ic, shallow subllttoral, and littoral habitats; (2) docu-
ment seasonal, site, and regional variability in food
web structure; (3) Identify important predator-prey link-
ages that could be disrupted by a pollutant, and the po-
tential consequences of disruption to the community;
(4) Identify the main prey organism groups utilized by
economically or ecologically important predators; and
(5) identify food chains having the greatest potential
for transferring pollutants to higher trophic levels.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Ecology, 'Food chains, 'Water
pollution, 'Puget Sound, 'Juan de Fuca Strait, Marine
fishes, Plankton, Bloassay, Sea grasses, Littoral zone,
Vulnerability, Taxonomy, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Growth, Cetacea, Birds, Mam-
mals, Predators, Tropical level, Baseline studies,
•Habitats.
PB80-169675 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Computer Modeling of Simulated Photochemical
Smog. Final rept. Sep 77-Aug 79,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. G. Hendry, A. C. Baldwin, and D. M. Golden. Feb 80,
222p EPA-600/3-80-029
Contract EPA-68-02-2427
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284 025.
Efforts to develop chemical kinetic mechanisms to de-
scribe the formation of photochemical smog are dis-
cussed. Detailed mechanisms for the atmospheric re-
actions of toluene, m-xylene, propene, ethene, forrnw
dehyde and acetaldehyde were constructed fro/"
available experimental and chemical kinetic data.
These mechanisms were used to simulate srno»
chamber data from the Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center at the University of California, Rwen»-
and the outdoor facility of the University of North Caro-
lina.
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Mathematical models, 'Air poJJ"'
tion, "Reaction kinetics, Xylenes, Propene, Etnerw,
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Test chambers, . «o
matic hydrocarbons, 'Chemical reaction mechanism*
•Atmospheric chemistry.
PB80-169891 PC A07/MF AOl
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research in
angle Park, NC. ._„.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Gas Chromatogra-
phy Laboratory Operation. Final rept., . n
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Environ
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
G. Cardwell. Jan 80, 139p EPA-600/4-80-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
See also report dated Jul 76, PB-257 1 65.
gas chromatography laboratory was set up to aj*
a air samples collected in Teflon bags and atain"Jr
during the summer and fall of 1976. Many sa
were collected at 12 of the Regional Air Mon«onn»
Systems (RAMS) sites to yield data on spatial and tern
poral distributions of hydrocarbons. Additional saj"
pling was performed to study ethylene contarninaw'
in and around RAMS stations. Roadway samples w»"
collected to determine the composition of freshty enw
ted vehicular pollution. Quality control audits lna|ca"j"
good system performance during the study. Repi ~?'-
samples indicated good reproducibility for sampw'
stored for as long as six days in the Teflon bags. "'
data, including sums of paraffins, olefins, arornaflc,
and total non-methane hydrocarbons are storeo in '"Z
RAPS Data Bank at Research Triangle Park, Norm
Carolina.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, *Gas analysis. A[r
pollution, Hydrocarbons, Methane, Carbon monoxo*'
Samples, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluai roi ,
Missouri, Audits, Quality control, 'Air pollution detec
tion, 'Regional Air Pollution Study, =*"
Louis(Missouri).
PB80-169972 PC A06/MF •*&
State Implementation Plan Emission W1*":;,).
for Sulfur Oxides: Fusl Combustion (Second ta>
tion). Final rept, i-nale
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triany
8'
,
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standaro8
J. D. Crenshaw, and C. H. Kuo. Sep 77, 99p EPA-4&"'
2-76-002A
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-251 1 74.
This report presents a one or two page summary o
each state's Implementation plan (SIP) regulations w
sulfur oxides. The report also explains the relations'!^
between the SIP regulations, the National Ambient"
Quality Standards, and the Federal Standards of re"
formance for New Stationary Sources, and briefly" h
cusses the various types of emission regulations wni
appear in the SIPs. This report updates the
1977 edition to reflect changes to the SIP regul
which have been approved through August 1 977.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, *"•££
lations, "Sulfur oxides, Standards, State governnwj i -
•State implementation plans, *Air pollution stano*0"1
National ambient air quality standards.
PB80-170004 PC A02/MF A£
Lead Particles In the Great Smoky Mountains «"^
sphere Reserve. Interim rept., .. „„.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
G. B. Wiersma, C. W. Frank, K. W. Brown, and C. I.
Davidson. Jan 80, 1 9p EPA-600/4-80-002 rM
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa tw1
and Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA.
856 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
{& air ""onltoring using 0.45-micrometer Millipore
ton. M e'9hl remote sites in the Great Smoky Moun-
„"• Natpnal Park has shown that lead particulates
« contributing to the contamination of this designat-
sj "jwppere reserve. Analytical results of these filters
raara» c ^sorption spectrophotometry, x-ray fluo-
thatiin° j' and scanning electron microscopy showed
Uii. , air concentrations varied frm a high of
»h«; 9 ?u m to a low of 18-9 n9/cu m- Tne spherical
««pe of the lead oarticulates indicates that the moie-
• . , -
size may indicate long range transport and
uent deposition from urban and/or industrial-
«ea areas.
'Air pollution, *Lead(Metal), 'Particles,
"rnote sensing, Sampling, Exhaust emissions, Indus-
Gm.« c es' Combustion products, Sites, Monitoring,
sampY okv Mountains National Park, *Air pollution
A¥m 'ii'X11' pc A03/MF A01
Enw " °" SP"Iat West Falmouth. Decision series.
gjwonrnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
M^o'Research and Development.
war 79,33p EPA/600/9-79-007
romL18 8 report about oil and its effects in marine envi-
ahrcuS12' a technically complex subject that is further
This r v contr°versy between conflicting interests.
•BII, ,reP°rt focuses on an investigation of a modest oil
2™ wnicn occurred at West Falmouth, Massachusetts
r, 1969.
'Ocean environments, 'Oil pollution,
nunn« ^?lmouth Harbor, Accidents, Tanker ships,
8ird» Cepa9e' Environmental impacts, Fisheries,
Aou«'t- 5edirnents, Hydrocarbons, Mussels, Benthos,
v^anc plants, Recovery, Crabs, Ecology, Massachu-
""w. National government. 'Oil spills.
BuiTilZ0178 pc A09/MF A01
for J »AX: An Alr Dispersion Modeling Program
..Multiple Sources, Receptor*, and Concentra-
§£ Averages. Final rept.,
j 2" Development Co., Houston, TX.
F(»«, er Au9 79.197P NTIS/DF-80/003A
w system on magnetic tape, see PB80-170160.
o«r M in manual was originally published in Decem-
pELr1 19'7, a number of developments have taken
J^B which warrant a complete update. The original
comP"ter program was developed on a Univac 1110
Jr'PJ'ter; a number of machine-dependent features of
flexSk* were "til'zed in order to attain maximum
IflTai °' ^e program from a user's standpoint. In
UnkT' tne Tennessee Valley Authority modified the
on To?.1110 version of MULTIMAX so that it would run
this 11 360/37n computers. The major additions to
inn,,,V8ers Manual are Appendices which discuss
cfiniI2rrnat8 for tne IBM program version, certain ma-
StoJT'Jependent features of the programs and show
y«rSo 'nputs and outPuts for the Unrvac and the IBM
'Air pollution. Plumes,
Vnration(Composition), Terrain, Fortran, Com-
^wr programming, "Atmospheric dispersion, 'Gaus-
53*> Plume models, 'MULTlMAX computer program.
"wac-1100 computers, IBM-370 computers, IBM-360
"puters, User manuals(Computer programs).
PC A02/MF A01
of the Ram-Jet Device, a PCV Air
g?** Technical rept.,
Tech nmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
l°9y Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Anthony Barth. Jan 80, 14p EPA-AA-TAEB-
Environmental Protection Agency receives infor-
tenti i "Out rnany systems which appear to offer po-
for emission reduction or fuel economy im-
rnent compared to conventional engines and ve-
, This reP°rt discusses EPA's evaluation of the
Jet, a retrofit device marketed by Ed Almquist. It
inoVl3ned to bleed in extra air to the enajne by allow-
ed, ."Went air to bypass the carburetor under high
JV"6 load conditions. The manufacturer claims the
8^°e reduces emission pollutants and improves fuel
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, Air pollu-
tion, Performance evaluation, Bleed systems.
PB80-170764 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Residual Oxldants Removal from Coastal Power
Plant Cooling System Discharges: Field Evalua-
tion of S02 Addition System.
79,
'stem. Final rept. Jan-Nov
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
K. Scheyer, and G. Houser. Mar 80,41 p EPA-600/7-
80-049
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of an evaluation of the per-
formance of a dechlorination system that uses SO2 to
remove residual oxidants from chlorinated sea water in
a power plant cooling system. Samples of unchlorinat-
ed, chlorinated, and dechlorinated cooling water were
obtained at Pacific Gas and Electric's Potrero power
plant in San Francisco. The samples were collected
during 28 sampling periods--14 at flood tide and 14 at
ebb tide-arid analyzed for several chemical and physi-
cal constituents. An amperometric titrator was used for
field analysis of total oxidant residual (TOR) and free
oxidant residual (FOR). Analytical results, plant operat-
ing data, and laboratory experiments were used to
evaluate the dechlorination system. Major conclusions
include: (1) the dechlorination system studied showed
effective removal of residual oxidants from chlorinated
sea water used in the power plant cooling system; (2)
the dechlorination system proved reliable (no measur-
able oxidant residual was found at the effluent outfall);
and (3) due to the effectiveness of the dechlorination
system in removing all measurable oxidant residual,
average and maximum levels of dechlorination cannot
be determined.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Dechlorination, 'Electric power plants,
Sea water, Sulfur dioxide, Oxidizers, Performance
evaluation, Sampling, Field tests, Laboratory equip-
ment.
PB80-170939 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Maumee River Basin Pilot Watershed Study.
Volume I. Watershed Characteristics and Pollut-
ant Loadings, Defiance Area, Ohio. Final rept. May
75-May 77,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
Terry J. Logan, and Robert C. Stiefel. Mar 79,149p
EPA-905/9-79-005-A
Grants EPA-R-005145-01, EPA-R-005336-01
See also Volume 2, PB80-170947.
Five small agricultural watersheds and eight plots in
the Maumee River Basin of Ohio were instrumented
for measurement of sediment and nutrients leaving the
land under prevailing land use management. These re-
sults were compared with loadings from larger water-
sheds in the Basin and with downstream tributary
loads. Studies were also conducted on sediment
transport, adsorption-desorption of sediment-P, and
heavy metal and pesticide loss from the Basin. Moni-
toring during 1975-1977 showed that there were signif-
icant differences in sediment and nutrient losses
among different soil types in the Basin. Greatest sedi-
ment losses occurred on the level and very poorly
drained, high-clay lake plain soils as well as the slop-
ing, dissected lake plain clay soils.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
Monitoring, Farms, Watersheds, Sediment transport,
Adsorption, Land use, Metals, Pesticides, Nutrients,
Soil properties, Maumee River Basin, Ohio, 'Agricul-
tural watersheds.
PB80-170947 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The Maumee River Basin Pilot Watershed Study.
Volume II. Sediment, Phosphates, and Heavy
Metal Transport, Defiance Area, Ohio. Final rept.
May 75-May 77,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
Terry J. Logan. Mar 79,146p EPA-905/9-79-005-B
Grant EPA-R-005145-01
See also Volume 1, PB80-170939.
Losses of nutrients and sediments from agricultural
land were monitored during 1975-1977 in the Maumee
River Basin, Ohio. Special studies were made on sedi-
ment mineralogy and chemistry and on sediment, pes-
ticide, and metal sediment transport. Suspended sedi-
ments were higher in total-P (phosphorus) and labile-P
than soils or stream-bottom sediments. Sediments are
enriched in P during erosion and transport because of
preferential transport of clay which is higher total P
than the whole soil. Preferential clay transport
changed sediment mineralogy from its original soil
mineralogy. Heavy metal concentrations were low and
indicated that groundwater and eroded soil were the
major source.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Sediment transport, 'Water pol-
lution, Monitoring, Suspended sediments, Phosphorus,
Adsorption, Clay minerals, Particle size, Dispersing,
Cateite, Metals, Pesticides, Farms, Maumee River
Basin, Ohio, Reprints, 'Agricultural watersheds.
PB80-171093 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Predicting Effects of an Electric Generating Sta-
tion on Wetland Passerine Birds: Wisconsin
Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Michael John Jaeger. Jan 80,33p EPA-600/3-80-020
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
The distribution of breeding passerines (songbirds)
was investigated in a wetland in southern Wisconsin to
develop a model for use in predicting changes in bird
frequencies resulting from environmental alterations.
The wetland is adjacent to the cooling lake of a coal-
fired electric generating station. The water levels in the
wetland are being altered by the cooling lake's effect
on the local ground-water system. The model uses in-
formation on distributions of bird species along gradi-
ents of water depth and vegetation-structure charac-
teristics and information on the relationships between
the characteristics to predict changes in bird species'
frequencies resulting from increased water levels.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Environmental impacts, 'Ecology,
'Water pollution, Electric power plants, Construction,
Ponds, Cooling water, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Mathematical models, Regres-
sion analysis, Correlation, Vegetation, Wisconsin, Wet-
lands, 'Habitats. 'Water levels.
PBSO-171226 PC A03/MF A01
Qaeohol Test Program. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Richard Lawrence. Feb 80,37p EPA-AA-TAEB-79-4B
See also report dated Dec 78, PB-290 569.
A request for a waiver to permit use of ten percent Eth-
anol in gasoline ('gasohol') was considered by EPA-
Mobile Source Enforcement Division (MSED). The
Emission Control Technology Division (ECTD) in Ann
Arbor, Michigan was requested to assist MSED by
testing ten vehicles on two gasoline fuels and three ga-
sohol fuels. In addition, ECTD directed Southwest Re-
search Institute (a contractor laboratory) to test three
vehicles on the five fuels plus other fuels containing
methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and tertiary butyl al-
cohol (TBA), other »uel additives for which waivers
have been requested. EPA-ORD was requested to
provide more extensive emission data on two test ve-
hicles. Since the completion of the ECTD test program
described in this report, EPA has acted to allow the
use of ten percent ethanol In gasoline. Future control
of this or other fuel additives is authorized under Sec-
tion 211 of the 1 977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Ethanol, 'Automotive fuels, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution, Alcohols, Blends, Hydrocar-
bons, Gasoline, Tests. 'Gasohol.
PB80-173636 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
December 1983 857
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: NOx Flue Gas Treatment.
Final rept. Jun 78-Nov 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Gary D. Jones, and Kevin L Johnson. Dec 79, 574p
EPA-600/7-79-178G
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also PB80-150873.
The report gives results of an assessment of the appli-
cability of NOx flue gas treatment (FGT) technology to
industrial boilers and is one of a series of technology
assessment reports to aid in determining the techno-
logical basis for a New Source Performance Standard
for Industrial Boilers. The status of development and
performance of alternative NOx FGT control tech-
niques were assessed and the cost, energy, and envi-
ronmental impacts of the most promising processes
were identified. Cost estimates of applying SCR proc-
esses in the U.S. indicated that the cost effectiveness
varies significantly depending on the fuel fired, boiler
size, and control level. For regulatory purposes this as-
sessment must be viewed as preliminary, pending re-
sults of the more extensive impact studies required by
Clean Air Act Sect. III.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
"Boilers, 'Sulfur oxides, Technology, Cost analysis,
Assessments, Substitutes, Catalysts, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Environmental impacts,
Economics, Design, Energy consumption, Adsorption,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Oxidation, Re-
duction, Absorption, Performance evaluation, Cost
analysis, Flue gas treatment.
PB80-173651 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for Chlorobenzenes. Level 1 -
Preliminary. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Pauline Johnston, Virginia Hodge, and Karen Slimak.
'31 Dec 79,103p'2-800-03-379-11,EPA-560/13-80-
001
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
The purpose of the Level I materials balance for chlor-
obenzenes is to evaluate the sources of release of the
various chlorinated benzenes to the environment. The
major route of commercial production of chlorinated
benzenes is the direct chlorination of benzene with
chlorine. Chlorinated benzenes are indirectly produced
through the metabolism of pesticides, their production
by marsh grass and their production as a byproduct of
organic chemical production processes. Chlorinated
benzenes are used consumptively in the production of
many organic chemicals. These include chjoronitro-
benzene, diphenyl oxide, DDT, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,5-
dichlorophenol, pentachlpronitrobenzene, rubber in-
termediates, dyes, pesticides, and aromatic fluorocar-
bons. In addition, chlorinated benzenes have many
nonconsumptive uses, including use as a solvent, pes-
ticide, deodorizer, dielectric fluid, coolant, lubricant,
heat transfer medium, and synthetic transformer oil.
The major sources ot release of chlorinated benzenes
to the environment appear to be from their various
non-consumptive uses. Releases from production and
consumptive uses appear to be comparatively minor.
Keywords: "Chlorobenzenes, 'Chemical industry, 'En-
vironmental surveys, 'Material balance, Manufactur-
ing, Pesticides, Sources, Utilization, Benzene/dich-
loro, Benzene/trichloro, Benzene/tetrachloro, Ben-
zene/pentachloro, Benzene/hexachloro.
PB80-173776 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Applications Branch.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Vehicle Emis-
sions and Performance Factors. Appendix A: Test
Results for All Vehicles. Appendix B: Plots of Ex-
haust Gas Catalyst Out Temperatures. Final rept.,
Gulf Research and Development Co., Cheswick, PA.
R. S. Spindt, R. E. Dizak, R. M. Stewart, and W. A. P.
Meyer. Sep 79,500p EPA-460/3-79-006B
Contract EPA-68-03-2530
See also Appendix C, PB80-173784.
Ambient temperatures have been reported to affect
automotive emissions and fuel economies since 1966.
Federal automobile emission standards and the meas-
ured fuel economies are currently based on results ob-
tained using the 1975 Federal Test Procedure and the
Highway Fuel Economy Test. Both tests must be con-
ducted at ambient temperatures from 68F (20C) to 86F
(30C). Since cars in service must start and run over a
much broader temperature range than this, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency wanted to know how
well the various car age groups and emission control
technologies available today would perform at the
more extreme ambient temperatures using the above
test procedures as well as other specialized tests. It
was also desired to know how the use of a car's air
conditioner would affect exhaust emissions and fuel
economies. This report presents the results of exhaust
emissions (regulated and unregulated) and fuel econo-
mies associated with fourteen selected vehicles tested
at ambient temperatures ranging from 0 deg F (-18C)
to 110F (43C) using the various test procedures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Catalytic
converters, Temperatures, Performance evaluation,
Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB80-173784 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Application Branch.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Vehicle Emis-
sions and Performance Factors. Appendix C: Gas
Chromatographlc Results. Final rept.,
Gulf Research and Development Co., Cheswick, PA.
R. S. Spindt, R. E. Dizak, R. M. Stewart, and W. A. P.
Meyer. Sep 79,824p EPA-460/3-79-006C
Contract EPA-68-03-2530
See also Appendices A and B, PB80-173776.
This report presents the results of exhaust emissions
(regulated and unregulated) and fuel economies asso-
ciated with fourteen selected vehicles tested at ambi-
ent temperatures ranging from OF (-18C) to 110F (43C)
using the various test procedures. This Appendix gives
the gas chromatographic results obtained in this pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Tempera-
ture, Hydrocarbons, Performance evaluation.
PB80-173867 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of an Automobile Power and Decelera-
tion Governor. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Apr 74,6p EPA-AA-TAEB-74-29
The Power and Deceleration Governor is a vacuum
controlled throttle valve assembly installed between
the carburetor and the engine intake manifold. The
control mechanism of the device affects a carburetion
cut-off during deceleration and limits throttling during
acceleration. There are no parameter changes made
to the engine's basic spark timing, idle CO setting, or
idle rpm.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Speed regulators, Exhaust emissions, Fuel
consumption, Performance evaluation.
PB80-173925 PC A02/MF A01
Idle Fuel Consumption In Passenger Cars. Techni-
cal rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 75,11p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-29
The Environmental Protection Agency has received
numerous requests for idle fuel consumption data. The
purpose of this report is to provide data which can be
used to calculate the energy impact of various actions
taken to reduce vehicle time spent at idle. The conclu-
sions drawn from the test data are necessarily of limit-
ed applicability. The data base includes only late
model vehicles. A complete evaluation of the energy
impact of actions taken to reduce vehicle idle time re-
quires more vehicle models and a larger sample of
these test vehicles than is included in the data base.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption. Exhaust
emission, Performance evaluation, 'Idling.
PB80-173941 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatment Technology for Pesticide Manufactur-
ing Effluents: Atrazlne, Maneb, MSMA, and oryw
lln. Final rept. Mar 77-Sep 78, Mr
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NO.
L. W. Little, R. A. Zweidinger, E. C. Monig, and w. J-
Fith. Feb 80,280p EPA-600/2-80-043
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of laboratory and pilot sJrjL
of the treatability of wastewaters generated <**"
manufacture of the pesticides maneb, oryzalin,j»
zine, and MSMA. Wastewaters were characterize?!
pesticide content, routine parameters, and )°.xlP''jca|
fish, algae, and activated sludge organisms. °lo.',°?ac.
treatability was evaluated in terms of ability of p«°'"
tivated sludge systems (1) to successfully °Perat°H(2)
mixture of municipal and pesticide wastewaters anoy
to remove the pesticide and other toxic matenais.«
ty of activated carbon to treat the wastewaters was u
termined in adsorption isotherm tests and in Sr=""L.j
activated carbon column tests. Study results »n°,":e
that atrazine, oryzalin, and maneb wastes couio j-
treated successfully with activated carbon, anno"*
such treatment had high cost potential. Oryza'in.;2S|A
disrupted biological treatment. Atrazine and M*",
waste did not disrupt biological treatment, but P»°
cide concentration was not reduced by biological in»
ment. Maneb concentrations were reduced by D"Srr.
cal treatment, but additional work is needed to aw.
mine the fate of breakdown products from the DIOIWM
cal treatment of maneb wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution control,*^
dustrial waste treatment, Manufacturing, Actli*3,.
carbon, Adsorption, Activated sludge process, i"^f_
nology, Microorganisms, Ecology, Isotherms, SH™ in.
ganic compounds, *Atrazine, *Maneb, 'Biologies *
dustrial waste treatment, *MSMA herbicide, =un
Manganese/bis(dithiocarbamato)-ethyl,
chloro-ethylamino-isopropylamino, Sulfanila
tro-N-N-dipropyl, Methane arsonic acid.
PB80-174055 PC A99/MPA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC. ,«j.,.trlal
Technology Assessment Report for mai%_
new source performance standard for industn al .~Jlr,
ers. Candidate systems were selected after co.n.~"e|g
ation of 7 naturally occurring low sulfur coals, & «v , 1
of sulfur removal by PCC, and desulfurization DV _
CCC processes. The best systems of emission reuu
tion were identified for three coals at each of five «" !s,
sion control levels. For regulatory purposes tnis
sessment must be viewed as preliminary, Pen. \S,ct8
,
suits of a more extensive examination of Tn/j,
called for under Section III of the Clean Air Act Arm"1"
ments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal
'Boilers, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combusti
ucts, Sulfur dioxide, Technology, Assessments, <•'.
analysis, Environmental impacts, Design, Perform a^
evaluation, Process charting, 'Low sulfur coai,
pollution abatement.
PB80-174220 PC A08/MF A*J
Computer-Aided Synthesis of Wastewater Trw
ment and Sludge Disposal Systems, . nati,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincim'
f%LJ
Lewis A. Rossman. Dec 79, 1 62p EPA-600/2-79-1 58
A computer-aided design procedure for the pr»ljp*!?8.
synthesis of wastewater treatment and sludge ai=!i jri
af systems is developed. It selects the component
the wastewater treatment and sludge disposal t"» n
from a list of candidate process units with fixed a°*|t,
characteristics so that criteria on effluent quality, cu
energy, n n uetive undesirao"
land utilization, and subjective undesir
858 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
XW.IM. *a*»fied. The computational procedure uses
mil!™,enumeration coupled with a heuristic penalty
trea^r.1"8' accounts for the impact of return sides-
afen, /?«,?m 9lud9e processing. The programmed ver-
bean in.,-? desi9n procedure, called EXEC/OP, has
•2°nirnerfaced with the unit process subroutines con-
tend" a Previously EPA developed system evalua-
wn Bm—im known as EXECUTIVE. A number of case
problems are presented to demonstrate
of EXEC/OP. Included among these is a
cost/energy-effectiveness analysis for a
i design problem containing over 15,000
system configurations.
Mathematical models, Cost
analviioc sposa, atemaica moes, os
Com!!.* Process charting, Environmental impacts,
om
,„_ Programs, Computer aided design, EXEC/
computer program.
PC A11/MF A01
OH™""1™ Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
pf»!L!?reventlon, Control and Countermeasure
Scienea A at SmaH Petroleum Facilities. Final rept,
Nicoiaeo P-P'ications, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jarruw*/*• 'rentacoste, George R. Bierman, and
rvJ^ Cunningham. Jan 80,227p EPA-600/7-80-004
Contract EPA-88-03-2032
ncwa8 conducted of small petroleum production
*ell« « ?!.um Products distribution facilities (stripper
VKtthni ,,bulk Plants) to determine ability to comply
r«obr£ '"J Potion regulation (40 CFH Part 112). Four
OWaruL0' the Unitetl states were covered: Texas/
u- a' Louisiana, Penn-Grade (Pennsylvania,
rt rtuckv' West Virginia, New York), and New
i leld surveys were conducted at 125 individ-
5S production facilities and 18 bulk plants
'Qrad« region, and 17 bulk plants in New
into no he 'acilrttes themselves were categorized
. ability o' these facilities to comply
°Wna« °" and tne techniques selected by the
ll n? operators to achieve compliance. Existing
. ,i *™n*on, control and countermeasure (SPCC)
(required by the regulation) for the facilities vis-
aro/ reviewed and assessed for adequacy if the
'ws/operators made them available.
*32Slt!8:J*Oil Pollution, 'Water pollution control, Pe-
nes, "industry, Oil wells, Refineries, Coat effective-
P orai.e tanks, Regulations, Industrial plants,
. Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Ohio, West
New York, New England.
PC AOS/MF A01
Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
I Undtm Leachate Contamination Using
insors. Project rept,
v., Ithaca, NY. School of Civil and Environ-
„. ,'neering.
? A. Sanarsy, and Warren R. Philipson. Sep 79,
Qr.---
"lustrations reproduced in black and white.
l«ndfnP]ot)o|ogy for using remote sensing to detect
*ater • cllate contamination of ground and surface
feschJ8 described. Among the topics covered are
teach..* indicators, spatial and temporal aspects of
?,. Section, sensor selection, flight design and
"n terpretation. Specific methodologies for using
T* 'Sensing to detect leachate under various sltua-
w .'^scribed. These range from survey monitor-
r-l landfills to comprehensive programs
"Wwtory monitoring and landfills.
!*?**•• 'Leaching, 'Earthfills. 'Water pollution,
, Aerial photography, Thermal meas-
. Radiometers, Infrared mapping, Color pho-
otographic techniques, Vegetation, Aerial
, Leachate.
En!J!?:17«3eO
.L r°nrnental
PC A10/MF A01
rnental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Manpower and Technical Information
Ti
taPCourse 450 Source Sampling for Paniculate
N*?1** ttudent Manual,
s, inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. J. Aldna, and J. A. Jahnke. Dec 79,202p* EPA-
450/2-79-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
This manual is used in conjunction with Course No.
450, 'Source Sampling for Paniculate Pollutants', as
designed and presented by the EPA Air Pollution
Training Institute (APTI). The manual supplements the
course lecture material, presenting detailed discus-
sions in an introductory manner on the following
topics: Basic Definitions for Source Sampling; Basic
Concepts of Gases; The EPA Method 5 Sampling
Train; The EPA Method 5 Source Test; Calibration Pro-
and Opacity Monitoring. Derivations are given for many
of the basic source sampling equations. The manual,
when used with the student workbook, EPA-450/2-79-
007, during the lecture and laboratory sessions of
Course No. 450, provides comprehensive instruction in
the performance of EPA reference method 5.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, "Particles, 'Handbooks, Air
pollution, Laboratory equipment, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, *EPA method 5, 'Air pollution detection,
•Air pollution sampling.
PB80-174402 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank) Evaluation Testa: Three
Oil Skimmers and a Water Jet Herder. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Douglas J. Graham, Robert W. Urban, Michael K.
Breslin, and Michael G. Johnson. Feb 80,110p EPA-
600/7-80-020
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Prepared in cooperation with Coast Guard, Washing-
ton, DC., Geological Survey, Reston, VA., and Depart-
ment of Navy, Washington, DC,
A series of performance tests was conducted at the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's OHMSETT
facility with three selected oil spill pickup devices
(Skimmers) and a water jet boom/skimmer transition
device. The ob)eetive of the skimmer tests were to es-
tablish the range of best performance for each device
under the manufacturer's design limits and to docu-
ment test results on 16-mm film and by quantitative
measures of performance.
Keywords: 'Skimmers, 'Oil pollution, Design, Clean-
ing, Performance evaluation, Reliability, Separators,
Oils, Flow rate, 'Oil slicks.
PB80-175037 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot-Scale Field Tests of High-Gradient Magnetic
Filtration. Fina rept. Sep 77-Dec 79,
Research Triangle Insl, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Charles H. Gooding. Mar 80,143p EPA-600/7-80-037
Contract EPA-68-02-2650
The report gives results of using a 5100 cu m/hr
mobile pilot plant to evaluate the effectiveness and ec-
onomics of applying high-gradient magnetic filtration
(HGMF) to paniculate emission control. A 4-1 /2 month
test program was conducted at a Pennsylvania sinter-
ing plant to characterize the performance of the pilot
plant and to demonstrate its practicality under long-
term operation. Analysis of the results indicates that
high-efficiency collection can be achieved economical-
ly if HGMF is applied to steel industry dusts that are
more homogeneous and more strongly magnetic than
the tested sinter dust. The report describes laboratory
pilot-plant work that demonstrated collection efficien-
cies greater than 99% with basic oxygen furnace and
electric arc furnace dusts. The development of a filter
cleaning system and the design and construction of
the pilot plant are discussed. Experimental data are re-
ported.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Fumes,
Magnetic separators, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Design, Filtration, Field tests,
Aerosols, Iron and steel industry, Performance evalua-
tion, 'High gradient magnetic separation.
PB80-175052 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Verification of the Water Quality Impacts of Com-
bined Sewer Overflow. Final rept. Aug 76-Dec 78,
Metropolitan Sewerage District of the County of Mil-
waukee, Wl.
Thomas L. Meinholz, William A. Kreutzberger, Martin
E. Harper, and Kevin J. Fay. Dec 79,204p EPA-600/2-
79-155
Grant EPA-R-804518
Prepared in cooperation with Rexnord, Inc., Milwau-
kee, Wl.
The purpose of this study was to Identify the source
and mechanism of the water quality impacts in the Mil-
waukee River following wet weather discharges. Moni-
toring surveys have demonstrated that there is often a
rapid decline in dissolved oxygen following combined
sewer overflow discharge events in the lower portions
of the river. Water quality modeling of the river with
Harper's water quality model indicate that the loadings
from combined and storm sewer discharges are not
sufficient to cause the observed rapid declines in DO.
The results of laboratory and field investigations indi-
cate that bottom sediments within the lower river are a
significant sink for DO and are linked to the rapid loss
of DO. The mechanism of this rapid DO decline is the
scouring of sediment oxygen demanding materials by
submerged CSO outfalls.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Water
pollution, 'Milwaukee River, Rainfall, Weather, Sur-
veys, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Mathematical models,
Sediments, Outfall sewers, Runoff, Coliform bacteria,
Regression analysis, Sinks, Scour.
PB80-175086 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Disposal of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of the
Annual Research Symposium (6th) Held at Chica-
go, Illinois on March 17-20,1980. Final rept. Oct 79-
Sep 80,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David Shullz, and David Black. Mar 80,300p* EPA-
600/9-80-010
Grant EPA-R-807121
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-175094.
These proceedings are a compilation of the papers
presented by symposium speakers. They are divided
into two volumes representing the technologies of
Treatment and Disposal. The primary technical areas
covered are: (1) Waste Sampling and Characteristics;
(2) Transport and Fate of Pollutants; (3) Pollutant Con-
trol; (4) Waste Treatment and Control; (5) Pesticide
Treatment and Control; (6) Co-Disposal; (7) Landfill Al-
ternatives; (8) Remedial Actions; (9) Thermal Destruc-
tion Techniques; (10) Economics.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Meetings, Transport properties, Pollution control,
Pesticides, Earth fills, Economics, Leaching, Substi-
tutes, Sampling, Extraction, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Technology, Arsenic, Soils,
Degradation, Concentration(Composition), Metals,
Lines, 'Solid waste management, State of the art, Path
of the pollutants, Land pollution, Clay liners.
PB80-175094 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Treatment of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of
the Annual Research Symposium (6th) Held at
Chicago, Illinois on March 17-20, 1980. Final rept.
Oct 79-Sep 80,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David Shultz, and David Black. Mar 80,183p* EPA-
600/9-80-011
See also report dated Mar 60, PB80-175086.
These proceedings are a compilation of the papers
presented by symposium speakers. They are divided
into two volumes representing the technologies of
Treatment and Disposal. The primary technical areas
covered In this volume are: Waste Sampling and Char-
acteristics; Waste Treatment and Control; Pesticide
Treatment and Control; Thermal Destruction Tech-
niques; Economics.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Meetings, Sampling, Pollution control, Encapsu-
December 1983 859
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
latlon. Concentration(Composition), Inorganic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Technology,
Pesticides, Evaporation, Economics, Thermal degra-
dation, "Solid waste management, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Land pollution.
PB80-175102 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modeling of Simulated Photochemical Smog with
Kinetic Mechanisms. Volume 1. Final Report. Rept.
for Jul 78-Sep 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, J. P. Killus, and H. Hogo. Feb 80,364p
EF79-124, EPA-600/3-80-028A
Contract EPA-68-02-2428
See also PB-290 507.
Mechanisms that describe the formation of photo-
chemical smog are developed using a computer mod-
eling technique directed toward the simulation of data
collected In two smog chambers: an indoor chamber
and a dual outdoor chamber. The results of simulating
164 different experiments are presented in Vol. 1. Indi-
vidual compounds for which specific experiments were
simulated and mechanisms developed Include the fol-
lowing: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene, propyl-
ene, butane, and toluene. Experiments in both cham-
bers were simulated for all these compounds. The
mechanisms reported describe the decay of the pre-
cursor organic compound, formation and decay of sec-
ondary organic compounds, conversion of nitrogen
oxides, formation of nitrates, and the appearance and
decay of ozone. Special emphasis is given to the
chemistry of toluene. Also included is a study of a gen-
eralized smog-based or carbon-bond mechanism de-
veloped In a previous study.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, •Photo-
chemical reactions, Mathematical models, Smog,
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Ethylene, Propylene,
Butane, Toluene, Oxldizers, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone,
Computer programming, Computerized simulation,
Graphs(Charts), Photochemical oxidants, Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB80-175276 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emissions Correlations for Conventional Gas Tur-
bines. Final rept.,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Combustion Lab.
R. M. Washam, and A. M. Mellor. Dec 77,85p PURDU-
CL-77-06
Grant EPA-R-804443-01
The production of gaseous pollutants from conven-
tional gas turbine combustors is being investigated
through the use of a characteristic time model. Here,
the dominant subprocesses (liquid fuel evaporation,
turbulent mixing, and chemical reaction) affecting the
formation and destruction of pollutant species are ex-
pressed in terms of times and then sums and ratios of
these times are used to correlate emissions. Correla-
tions are done for combustors of three engines (the
General Motors GT-309, the Detroit Diesel Allison T-
63, and the Pratt and Whitney JT9D); the model pre-
dicts the effect of combustor geometry, fuel type,
power level, ambient conditions, etc. on the levels of
pollutants produced. In addition, the model shows
promise as an emissions optimization tool as demon-
strated for the GT-309. And, there are indications that,
for specific pollutants, universal correlations for all
conventional gas turbine combustors can be per-
formed with the model. Generally heterogeneous ef-
fects are ignored.
Keywords: "Gas turbine engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
* Air pollution, Air pollution control equipment, Exhaust
gases, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Correlation techniques.
PB80-175409 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Characteristics of Nonpolnt Source Urban Runoff
and Its Effects on Stream Ecosystems. Final rept.,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
Donald B. Porcella, and Darwin L. Sorensen. Feb 80,
112p EPA-600/3-80-032
Literature on urban nonpolnt source runoff was sur-
veyed to determine the magnitude of the effects of that
source of contaminants to stream ecosystems. Eco-
logical literature provided a basis for evaluating such
impacts based on benthic invertebrate biomass and di-
versity, measurement of community primary produc-
tion and respiration, carbon cycling, and variables re-
lated to the contaminant concentrations in the stream.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Streams,
'Urban areas, 'Ecology, Environmental impacts, In-
vertebrates, Primary biological productivity, Respira-
tion, Carbon cycle, Storm water runoff, 'Nonpoint
sources, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB80-175458 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sampling and Analysis of Selected Toxic Sub-
stances. Task 2: Analysis for Semlvolatlle Bromln-
ated Organic* In Fish and Turtles. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. D. Erickson, K. B. Tomer, J. T. Bursey, M. A.
Moseley, and E. D. Pellizzari. Feb 80,72p RTI/1706/
02-F, EPA-560/13-80-006
Contract EPA-68-01-5020
See also Task 1, PB80-128150.
Fish and turtle (5 from Arkansas and 3 from Louisiana)
caught downstream of the brominated organic chemi-
cal industry near El Dorado, AR were extracted,
cleaned up, and analyzed by GC/MS for brominated
organics using full scan and single ion monitoring elec-
tron impact GC/MS and negative ion chemical Foniza-
tion GC/MS. PBBs (C12H4Br6 and C12H3Br7) were
identified in one sample and several other brominated
compounds were tentatively identified in several sam-
ples. Due to the high levels of interferences and very
low levels of the compounds of interest, further identifi-
cations were impossible. The compounds were not
quantitated, but levels appear to be much less than 1
ppm.
Keywords: 'Bromine organic compounds, 'Bioassay,
'Water analysis, Fishes, Turtles, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Monitoring, Samples, Chemical
analysis, Sites, 'Water pollution erfects(Animals),
'Water pollution detection, 'Water pollution sampling,
Potybrominated biphenyls.
PB80-175474 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
OH Pollution Abstracts. Volume 6, Number 3 (July
1979-September 1979). Quarterly rept,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Barbara Seades, Katherine
Osteryoung, and David Bonvouloir. Jan 80,249p EPA-
600/7-80-007
Grant EPA-R-805803-01
See also Volume 6, Number 2, PB80-141583.
OIL POLLUTION ABSTRACTS (formerly entitled OIL
POLLUTION REPORTS) is a quarterly compilation of
current literature and research project summaries.
Comprehensive coverage of oil pollution and its pre-
vention and control is provided, with emphasis on the
aquatic environment. This issue contains bibliographic
citations with abstracts of scientific and technical pub-
lications and patents covering the years 1976 to 1979.
The literature and research entries are arranged in
eight major categories comprised of thirty-seven spe-
cific sub-categories. A permuted Subject Keyword
Index provides access to every entry, and author and
patent indexes are included.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies, Water pollu-
tion control, Water pollution abatement, Environmental
impacts, Marine transportation, Waste treatment,
Marine terminals, Abstracts.
PB80-175490 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Nissan Fast Burn Engine System
(NAPS-Z). Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
James M. Kranig. Jan 80,48p EPA-AA-TAEB-80-9
The EPA is interested in new technological develop-
ments which will reduce exhaust emissions and im-
prove fuel economy. Because the development of the
Fast Burn Engine System (NAPS-Z) by the Nissan
Motor Company, Ltd., appeared to be a new techno-
logical development, the EPA requested a vehicle for
testing and evaluation at the Motor Vehicle Emission
Laboratory in Ann Arbor. Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.,
agreed to provide a vehicle for evaluation and agreed
, l»»l
that the test program would include a variety o iw»
conditions to enable a complete evaluation of t™8 •?
cle characteristics. The engine concept is the resin w
development aimed at meeting 0.41, 3.4 ana •
grams per mile for HC, CO, and NOx, respectively,
while improving fuel economy. The conclusions!™"
the EPA evaluation of the NAPS-Z can be cpnsif
to be quantitatively valid only for the vehicle '
However, it is reasonable to extrapolate the ni
from the EPA test program to other vehicles in a on*
tional manner. It is reasonable to suggest that sim""
results are likely to be achieved where a similar enw"~
concept is applied to other types of vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust
consumption, Exhaust gases, Hydrocarbons,
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution contr _
ment, Performance evaluation, Nissan Motor OOFIIK-
ny Limited, NAPS-Z engines.
PB80-175508 PCA11/MF*01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. .....
Workbook/Users Manual for Prediction of irt»"",
tenuously Dumped Dredged Material. Final rep
Aug 76-Jul 79,
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA. C(.b
L. R. Davis, G. W. Bowers, and M. K. Goldenblatt. f«°
80,227p* EPA-600/3-80-034
Grant EPA-R-804994
This manual describes the operation and use of • l*'5j
puter model developed to predict the physical raw
dredged material Instantaneously released into,"
water column. The model predicts the spacial
tion of various components of the dump
a function of time. Output includes mate
tion and position while in the water column
al mound height and concentration after °°y^
impact. Included in this report are a description 01
model's structure and a complete explananpn u>
input/output formats. In addition, the model "asrl«|j
run for a matrix of input conditions. Bot
output of ,_
slonless form. These working tables can be J
approximate the fate of dredged material W"'"^'^
quiring the user to actually run the model. Seven>
amples showing how these tables can be usea •
also given.
e
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Ore
pended sediments, Sediment transport,
Distribution, Dissipation, Diffusion, Mixing, "
Computer programs, 'Dredge spoil, Solid
DMF computer program, CDC-6400 computers.
PB80-175524 PC A19/MF A»1
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC. Q*TEA
Technical and Economic Evaluation »' BA
Textile Guidelines. Final rept. Jan 76-Mar /9'hlnflton,
American Textile Manufacturers Inst., Washing'
nr*
R. E. Mayfield, T. N. Sargent, and E. J. Schroeder. J"1
80,441p* EPA-600/2-80-041
Grant EPA-R-804329
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering
Inc.
The report gives results of a project to determine V
Best Available Technology Economically Acng»j fn
(BATEA) effluent guidelines promulgated by fl^m-
1974 for the textile industry can be achieved W r?Srfv-
mended advanced wastewater tertiary treatment w^
nologies. Pilot scale treatment units in two iae('" ln
trailers were used at 19 textile plants particiP<"'"°er.
the field evaluation phase of the project. The unK OPJ,,
ations were tested on biologically treated emuern>e
existing facilities at each plant. The most e"";t0d
treatment was identified for each plant and op" ^
continuously long enough to statistically deterv," „,«•«
quality of the treated effluent. In all cases resu|M w
compared to BATEA values calculated from <
mulgated guidelines and actual production infr
' i the plants during the trailer visits. The i
sons indicated that technical achievement ov.^.
ritens ijjj fft
ants was not consistent in all categories. The ccw^
ovna muHrfaiou iiiai ioi«iiiiioai awfiiow,"—-
BATEA guideline limits for the various criteria I
installing and operating the selected BATEA
operations in commercial textile plants '
mined and guidelines for estimating these
established.
860 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
*liffi»rd8,: Textile Industry, "Water pollution control,
(Vaoni.!?1 waste treatment, Technology, Pilot plants,
Son P.Lon' Clarl«catlon, Filtration, Adsorption, Ozon-
ana u«i., .manc9 evaluation, Comparison, Economic
""aiysis, Activated carbon. 'Best technology.
h PCA02/MFA01
Pwthnri 2! Pr°Pane Qaln Used •• a Screen on the
E°vKJEI?m!,nt III Sample. Technical rept,
8Mctin^eMal Pr°tec«ori Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
DavS Br?nd Maintenance staff.
IQ 8fw«inski. Mar 80, 1 0p EPA-AA-IMS/PS-80-3
Er°Pane ,
,8' Tnis data ls "sed here to compare the
. ,aJure rate. errors of commission, and the
two «, fp excess emissions Identified If one of
value* h °! 'e Value8 or one of four propane gain
clesinti been used a* a outpoint to screen the vehl-
19 sample with high emissions.
'Exhaust gases, Motor vehicles, Propane,
on' Alr Pollution. Metropolitan areas, Oregon,
Pollution sampling, Portland(Oregon).
S A
PC A03/MF A01
mental Research Lab., Research Trl-
.
Combustion Syetem* for Stationary
: Volume I. Review and Pre-
« , . Final rept. Dec 75-Sep 76,
SS Whitney Aircraft Group, West Palm Beach,
£?mment Products Dlv.
. Pierce. Jan 80, 49p FR-1 1405-
-
Volume 2, PB80-1 75607.
9ram1W8 *acribe an exploratory development pro-
nlouo.i ldentify, evaluate, and demonstrate dry tech-
fu '°r significantly reducing NOx from thermal and
< 80urces in stationary gas turbine engines.
Phase I of the four-phase effort. In
i
*W DM! ^ cycles were analyzed to identify current
merits xf0 d dorn'nant operating modes and require-
i° ?' stationary gas turbine engines. These analy-
tam tnat as compression ratios and turbine
Bno peratures are increased to improve thermal
cBno
«tt to *lyl.yn?ontralle<:i NOx emissions can be expect-
t8n8iwr*'|ble in 10 years and triple in 20 years. An ex-
Osu.rvey was made of candidate combustor con-
an anafytical study was made from which
pte considered to have significant poten-
mg production of NOx were identified. An
«a| f
nt am
tiong n»I2urrts °' °ound nitrogen. Computer simula-
^deaici con*ustor concepts aided in prioritizing
8ca|a rBns prior to experimental screening in a bench-
risd o,rt . 5ustor test n'g- The experiments were car-
w "nder Phase II and are described in Volume 2.
'N&rd8: *Air pollution control. *Gas turbine engines,
ucts ft! oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
SonarJ?mbu8tion chambers, Design, Particles, "
"'sources.
•Sta-
'n^Jstrili5!07 PC A16/MF A01
^olstj .Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
AJy* Pflrk, NC.
Qti i?6?.. Combustion Systems for Stationary
EvsJu,., Wne Engines: Volume II. Bench Scale
Pratt anH»,final reP'• SeP 7Wan 78,
PL. G«, d Whitney Aircraft Group, West Palm Beach,
R. (Jf ^yemment Products Div.
e.roe, S. A. Mosier, C. E. Smith, and B. S.
"" "0,355p FR-11405-VOL-2, EPA-600/7-
The
1 , PBBO-1 75599.
. an exploratory development pro-
o . ldentify, evaluate, and demonstrate dry tech-
ueo . , , -
*tation. Si9n"icantly reducing NOx emissions from
rnent. Sfy 9as turbine combustors. (Volume 1 docu-
combj,:, research activities leading to selection of 26
"*** th -9n concepts which could potentially
tentlal. Results from the testing program Identified two
design approaches capable of significant emission re-
duction. A staged centertube design, relying on burner
operation near the lean blowout limit, gave low NOx
and CO emissions on clean No. 2 fuel oil, but was Inef-
fective for fuels containing bound nitrogen. A rich-
burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) design, producing a fuel-
rich primary zone and quickly quenching the effluent
from that region to the nigh overall excess air condi-
tions required by the gas turbine cycle, successfully
controls NOx from both thermal and fuel-bound
sources while maintaining low CO emissions for high
thermal efficiency. The RB/QQ concept was selected
for scaleup to full size hardware In Phases III and IV.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Gas turbine engines,
•Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Carbon monoxide, Combustors, Burners, Per-
formance evaluation, Design, Tables(Data), 'Station-
ary sources.
PB80-175714
PC A03/MF A01
The Effect of Ignition Timing Modifications on
Emissions and Fuel Economy. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Oct 75,26p EPA-AA-TAEB-78-04
The Emission Control Technology Division of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency Is Interested In engine
control techniques that influence emissions and fuel
economy. One engine parameter that is readily adjust-
able Is basic Ignition timing, and It was desired that
data be collected on a variety of late model (1975) ve-
hicles to quantify Its effect. Data from such a program
would be useful In studies of Inventor devices which
occasionally Include timing adjustments as part of the
installation Instructions, In tampering studies where In-
vestigations are made of the effect of emission control
system modification, and In octane requirement prob-
lem Investigations because of the Influence of Ignition
timing on octane requirements.
Keywords: *Motor vehicles, 'Tests, Exhaust gases, Ig-
nition systems, Time measurement, Emission,
Tables(Data), 'Emission control systems, 'Fuel econ-
omy, Automotive fuels.
PB80-175730 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Material* Balance for Methyl Chloroform. Level II.
Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Timothy McCartin, Le-Tan Phuoc, Terry Shannon, and
Kathy Wagner. Jan 80,300p EPA-560/13-80-003
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
A Level II materials balance for methyl chloroform was
performed. Using 1978 data, the results of this materi-
als balance included emission factors, the equations
required to calculate environmental releases, and mul-
timedia environmental losses for each production
process and end use. Assumptions used to calculate
the environmental losses were analyzed and an uncer-
tainty was given to each. Recommendations were de-
veloped to close data gaps. These recommendations
identified monitoring requirements and sites and sug-
gested those end uses for future studies.
Keywords: 'Materials balance, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Manufacturing, Air pollution, Water pollution, In-
cinerators, Chlorination, Metal cleaning, Aerosols, Ad-
hesives, Textiles, Cleaners, Paints, Inks, International
trade, Ozone, Halogen organic compounds, 'Chloro-
form/methyl, Land pollution, Solid wastes.
PB80-175938 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Emissions from Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Flames. Final
rept.,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Combustion Lab.
J. H. Turtle, R. A. Shisler, R. W. Bilger, and A. M.
Mellor. Jul 75,150p PURDU-CL-75-04
Contract EPA-R-802650
Experimental emissions data from both Internal flame
and exhaust plane gathered in a simulated gas turbine
primary zone at typical combustor operating conditions
are analyzed in terms of the developed time param-
eters. Results indicate that, with a well atomized fuel
spray, the large scale turbulent mixing controls the
flame stolchlometry and hence the emissions charac-
teristics. However as the fuel atomlzatlon becomes
poorer, the flame structure Is altered and emissions
characteristics can be explained only by a combination
of heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. Be-
cause CO and NOx emissions originate In separate re-
gions of the flame, It was possible to alter the turbulent
mixing properties of each region such that both CO
and NOx were reduced.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Atomizers, 'Flame
spraying, 'Exhaust emissions, Sprayers, Gas turbine
engines, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Aircraft.
PB80-175948 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
Probability Sampling to Measure Pollution from
Rural Lend Runoff. Final rept. Jul 74-Dec 78,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
F. J. Humenik, D. W. Hayne, M. R. Overcash, J. W.
Gllllam, and A. M. Wltherspoon. Feb 80,215p EPA-
600/3-80-035
Grant EPA-R-803328
The feasibility of probability sampling In i
quality of rural water not affected by point i
examined. The study site was a portion of th<
describing
........ I sources Is
. The study site was a portion of the Chowan
River Basin In Virginia and North Carolina. Flow was
measured along with dissolved oxygen, temperature,
conductivity, and pH. All samples were analyzed for ni-
trate plus nitrite nitrogen, total KJeldahl nitrogen, total
phosphate and chloride. Flow was highly variable In
time and space; concentration was less so.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Rural areas,
Chowan River Basin, Statistical analysis,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Chlorides, Flow rate, Sampling, North Carolina, Virgin-
ia, Point sources.
PB80-176191 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Owens-Illinois Toroidal Ceramic
Reactor. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Henry L. Gompf. Jun 72,6p EPA-AA-TAEB-72-26
Representatives of Owens-Illinois, Inc. contacted the
Test and Evaluation Branch of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency to request a brief evaluation of a vehi-
cle equipped with ceramic toroidal reactors of their
design. As reactors of this type will be evaluated In the
studies being conducted by NASA on ceramic reac-
tors, a test program was initiated. This report describes
the test program and presents the test results and
conclusions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust gases, 'Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Torroids, Fuel consumption,
Air intakes, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon
dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Ceramic reactors.
PB80-1762S8 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology (1st), Held at Chica-
go, Illinois on October 30-November 1,1979.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Feb 80,513p EPA-600/9-80-012
Contract EPA-68-02-2630
The symposium was organized Into air, water, and
solids sessions. Air pollution topics included: emission
standards, assessment of coke quench tower and by-
product recovery plant emissions, sealing of coke-
oven doors, volatilization of hydrocarbons in steel roll-
ing operations, development of a coke-oven air pollu-
tion control cost effectiveness model, control of sinter
plant emissions utilizing recirculation of wlndbox
flculate levels near steel mills, foreign technology for
BOF fugitive emission control, and fugitive paniculate
emission factors for BOF operations. Water topics in-
cluded emission standards, total recycle of water in in-
tegrated steel mills, use of spent pickle liquor in munic-
ipal sewage treatment, physical/chemical treatment of
steel plant wastewaters using mobile pilot units, for-
eign technology for controlling coke plant and blast
furnace wastewaters, and formation and structure of
water-formed scales. Solid waste topics included
December 1983 861
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emission standards, environmental and resource con-
servation considerations of steel industry solid waste,
and de-oiling and utilization of mill scale.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Environmental
surveys, "Meetings, Air pollution control, Water pollu-
tion control, Solid waste disposal, Particles, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Standards, Sintering,
Assessments, Coke, Recirculation, Inorganic phos-
phates, Industrial waste treatment, Fugitive emissions,
Emission factors, Physical chemical treatment.
PB80-176365 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: Partlculate Collection. Final
rept. Jun 78-Oct 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. R. Roeck, and Richard Dennis. Dec 79,305p* EPA-
600/7-79-178H
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also PB80-150873.
The report assesses applicability of paniculate control
technology to industrial boilers. It is one of a series to
aid In determining the technological basis for a New
Source Performance Standard for Industrial Boilers. It
gives current and potential capabilities of alternative
paniculate control techniques, and identifies the cost,
energy, and environmental impacts of the most prom-
ising options. Fabric filters and electrostatic preclplta-
tors (ESPs) can exceed 99% control efficiency and
can be used on Industrial boilers. A baghouse seems
more economical for very small combustion units or to
meet a very stringent emissions requirement when
burning low sulfur coal.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, "Boilers,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Technology,
Assessments, Cost analysis, Environmental Impacts,
Air filters, Electrostatic precipitators, Sulfur dioxide,
Regulations, Scrubbers, Best technology, Baghouses,
Fabric filters.
PB80-176373 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Sampling and Analysis of Selected Toxic Sub-
stances. Task 1: Polybrominated Blphenyls In Air
and Soil at User Sites. Final rept. 28 Dec 78-5 Jun
79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. A. Zweidinger, and E. D. Pellizzari. FeB 80,55p
EPA-560/13-80-005
Contract EPA-68-01-5020
Field sampling for air and soil was conducted in the vi-
cinity of two Borg Warner Co. facilities - one in Oxnard,
CA and the other near Parkersburg, WV. Polybrominat-
ed biphenyls (PBBs) were found in all of the soil sam-
ples from Oxnard with the highest levels (36,000 mi-
crogram/kg) nearest the facility and the lowest (5 mi-
crogram/kg) upwind the greatest distance. No PBBs
were found in any of the air samples (<3 ng/cu m).
Polybrominated blphenyla were confirmed in seven of
the thirteen soil samples from West Virginia (up to 12
microgram/kg) traces detected but not confirmed in
three, and no PBBs were detected in the other three.
The highest levels were from samples collected in the
Ohio River basin especially along the eastern bank. No
PBBs were confirmed in the air samples (<4 ng/cu
m).
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Soil analysis,
"Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sites, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Bromine organic com-
pounds, Field tests. * Polybrominated biphenyls.
PB80-176431 PC A02/MF A01
Test Results on a 1975 California Vega Equipped
with the Gould Dual-Catalyst Emission Control
System. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
May 75,11 p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-25
The Gould Corporation, New Business Division of
Cleveland, Ohio requested confirmatory testing of a
1975 California Vega equipped with their catalyst
system. The Emission Control Technology Division of
the Environmental Protection Agency agreed to test
the vehicle on May 6,1975. The EPA receives Informa-
862 Vol. 83, No. 26
tion about many devices for which emission reduction
or fuel economy improvement claims are made. In
some cases, both claims are made for a single device
The EPA is interested in evaluating the validity of the
claims for all such devices, because of the obvious
benefits to the Nation of identifying devices that live up
to their claims. For that reason the EPA invites propo-
nents of such devices to provide to the EPA complete
technical data on the device's principle of operation
together with test data on the device made by inde-
pendent laboratories. In those cases in which review
by EPA technical staff suggests that the data submit-
ted holds promise of confirming the claims made for
the device, confirmatory tests are scheduled at the
EPA Emissions Laboratory. The results of all such con-
firmatory test projects are set forth in a series of Tech-
nology Assessment and Evaluation Reports of which
this report is one.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Cata-
lytic converters, Air pollution control equipment, Ex-
haust gases. Fuel consumption, Performance evalua-
tion, Motor vehicles(1975 models), Vega automobiles
General Motors vehicles.
PB80-176466 PC A09/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Preliminary Economic Analysis of NOx Flue Gas
Treatment Processes. Final rept. Jul 77-Oct 79
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
J. D. Maxwell, T. A. Burnett, and H. L. Faucett. Feb SO
200pTVA-ECDP/B-6, EPRI/FP-1253,. EPA-600/7- '
80-021
See also report for Oct 76-Jul 77, PB-276 637.
The report gives results of a preliminary economic
evaluation of seven flue gas treatment (FGT) process-
es for the removal of NOx from power plant flue gas
The base case was a new, 500-MW power plant burn-
ing 3.5% sulfur coal and emitting 600 ppm NOx in the
flue gas. Total capital Investments and annual revenue
requirements for three dry NOx-only removal process-
es were $38-48/kW and 2.1-3.6 mills/kWh, respec-
tively. Total capital investments for these combined
systems based on dry NOx removal were about $165-
175/kW.
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollu-
tion control, "Economic analysis, Sulfur oxides, Coal
Removal, Investments, Particles, Capitalized costs
Desulfurizatlon.
PB80-176464 PCA11/MFA01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
Trophic Classification of Selected Illinois Water
Bodies: Lake Classification Through Amalgama-
tion of LANDSAT Multlspectral Scanner and Con-
tact-Sensed Data. Final rept. 1976-78.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
D. H. P. Bo'land, David J. Schaeffer, Donna F. Sefton,
Robert P. Clarke, and Richard J. Blackwell. Dec 79,
246p EPA-600/3-79-123
Sponsored in part by Illinois State Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Springfield., and Jet Propulsion Lab.,
Pasadena, CA.
A project was initiated to determine the feasibility of
assessing and classifying a group of Illinois lakes
through the utilization of a combination of contact- and
satellite-acquired data. LANDSAT multispectral scan-
ner (MSS) digital multidate data for 145 Illinois lakes
were extracted from computer-compatible tapes and
adjusted through regression analysis to a common ac-
quisition date. Next, MSS lake pixel counts were con-
verted to lake surface area estimates. Regression
models employing transformed Mss bands as inde-
pendent variables were developed for the estimation
of several water quality parameters and two multivar-
iate trophic state indices. The water quality parameter
estimates were then used to develop lake rankings
that, when evaluated, ware found to be in general
agreement with ancillary data. Complete linkage-
based cluster analyses of the raw MSS data and the
LANDSAT-derived water quality parameter estimates
for the 145 lakes resulted in the identification of phys-
ically significant lake groups.
Keywords: "Limnology, "Water oollution, "Lakes,
Remote sensing, Classifications, Feasibility, Regres-
sion analysis, Indexes(Ratios), Water quality, Mapping,
Infrared detection. Data processing, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Illinois, "Trophic level, Eutrophicatton,
Landsat satellites.
PB80-176779 PC A10/MF AOt
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. .
Photochemical Oxldant Air Pollution Effects on •
Mixed Conifer Forest Ecosystem. Final rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley. _. ...
R. N. Kicked, J. R. McBrlde, P. R. Miller. C. P. Ohnwn.
and O. C. Taylor. Jan 80,215p EPA-600/3-80-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2442
See also PB-274 531.
EPA contract 68-03-2442 provided support for three
years of the studies to determine the chronic effecw w
photochemical oxidant air pollutants on a westeii
mixed conifer forest ecosystem. This report deaw w"»
the year 1976-77 and Is the final publication on P"A
contract 68-03-2442. Computer simulation progn
have been written for some of the subsections. •
systems which received greatest attention owifl"1"!
study were: major tree species response to OX'°™L
dose, tree population dynamics, tree growth, ffl<"8;[la
dynamics, soil chemical and physical properties,""''
mortality relative to disease, insects and other fa«°!2
epidemiology of forest tree pathogens with erTtp""":
on Fomes annosus, cone and seed prod00"0!1',. >to.
seedling establishment, litter production and H"6^.
composition relative to microfloral decomposer pop*
lations.
Keywords: "Plant ecology, "Softwood;,
"Trees(Plants), "Air pollution, Oxldants, Soil v
Vegetation, Mortality, Pine trees, Germination,
ties, Rainfall, Statistical analysis, Transpiration.^, -
ment, Growth, "Photochemical oxidants, San Ben™
dino National Forests, 'Air pollution effects(Planw)-
PB80-176787 PC A13/MF.AO*
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn i"
angle Park, NC. «_Ji,'
Kinetic Studies of Simulated Polluted AM""*
pheres. Final rept. Jan 76-Apr 79,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Chemistry..
Jack G. Calvert. Jan 80,281 p EPA-600/2-80-024
Contract EPA-R-804348-01 , j'."••*
The kinetics and reaction mechanisms of several W;
portant atmospheric contaminants - SO2, fpfrnal"r
nyde, nitrous acid, and the nitrosamines - were wj
sessed to help quantify some key aspects P'"J5.
chemistry of polluted atmospheres, me raacJwnjrvr
lifetimes of excited sulfur dioxide with various atmos-
pheric components including hydroxyl, hydropeT°*'|
and methylperoxy radicals were studied. These OB™
and other published rate data were reviewed and e»jf
uated. The photolysis of formaldehyde was Invesug*
ed as a major source of hydroperoxyl radicals, ""Jig,,
quantitative evaluation made of its apparent first oro?
rate constants at various solar zenith angles. The »f
solute extinction coefficients for nitrous acid were o»
termined, and estimates made of the rates of hyo™»L
radical generation In the troposphere by pnotowJJJi
nitrous acid. Long path Fourier transform inj™£|
spectroscopy was used to help evaluate the pojfi!.
for nltrosamine formation in the polluted atmosphere-
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Reaction kinetics, SulW*
oxide, Fluorescence, Photochemical reactions, rf"
aldehyde, Troposphere, Oxidation, Nitrogen oxides.":
frared spectroscopy, Amines, Nitroso compou""r
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric cnw"
istry, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Long pa"1 op
cal measurements, Homogeneous reactions.
PB80-176795 PC A10/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.. Research i'r
angle Park, NC. .***•
Disposal of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes: EPA ShJJT
nee Field Evaluation - Third Annual Report- nep*;
for Sep 74-Jun 78, „..
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA. Energy and n^
sources Div.
R. B. Fling, P. R. Hurt, J. Rossoff, and J. R. Witz. Ja"
80,224p ATR-80(7660-05)-2, EPA-600/7-80-011
Contract EPA-68-02-2633
See also report dated Feb 78, PB-282 246.
The report describes progress made on a field evalU*"
tion project being conducted by the EPA to as***;
wastes. The evaluation site Is at
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
scruhh88 steam plant in Paducah, KY. Two prototype
ratad «iAUsin9 lirne and limestone absorbents and
DroloM n MWe' Produced the sludges used in the
a* hS BV m'd-1978, eight ponds were being evaluat-
untraa? "."treated, three chemically treated, and three
contai» with "nderdrainage. One underdrained pond
fab fa? sulfite sludge which has been oxidized to sul-
derdrafrf8Um'1 ®roundwater, supernate, leachate, un-
an«iu>r,l "il?"' and sludge and soil cores are being
chsmSL,; After 3 years, the wastes in two of the
wl»hm'°al|y .treated ponds and the untreated ponds
w«"ndjjrdrainage are exhibiting the ability to shed
Dort £ 1° c°ntrol seepage, respectively, and to sup-
Pond n2truction vehicles. The chemically treated
about i*33? water reduces sludge permeability by
vld*« .. w of magnitude as do the others, and pro-
d«*.*J en9th but not traction for vehicles. Gypsum
ate nVni! and "andles easily, but Its runoff and leach-
sunnHa. »? controlled to prevent discharge to water
howSnT "Becomes structurally unstable when rewet;
****eondtr c"sp°8al 8lte can °e managed to prevent
*siud98 disposal, "Electric power plants,
on control, ^Scrubbers, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
waste treatment, Flue gases, Solid waste
urnovS Leaching, Limestone, Gypsum, Sites, Calci-
pllno n ' Run°n. Sulfur dioxide, Ground water, Sam-
*Sha'u,» 08L analysis, Concentration(Composltion),
wer p|ams. Chemical treatment, Lime-
_- PCA06/MFA01
environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnati,
1 of Paul Bergsoe and Son Secondary
tr. Final rept. Oct 78-Oct 79,
, Austin, TX.
in, Jr., and Robert Vandervort. Jan
PHS-NIOSH-210-77-0008
This
PertsSSl! Presents the findings of an investigation
room *Zr , obtain data concerning fugitive and work-
suits rlD'sslona 'rom secondary lead smelters. The re-
Partn?. I 8ln9 "sed within both NIOSH and EPA as
WMr,, A™8* ef*ort to define the potential workplace/
8eomolmental impact of emissions from this industry
in* Sii a,nd the "eed for improved controls. The find-
(JuV/i al?° be useful to other agencies and the in-
'n dealing with control problems. Either the
and Inorganic Chemicals Branch of the USEPA
;OTP.ri of Physical Science and Engineering of
snopld be contacted for any additional informa-
ired concerning this program.
* "Industrial hygiene, 'Air pollution control,
Furnaces, Assessments, Sources,
'KComposition), Design, Technology, In-
'FuaJk, astes. Combustion products, *Lead smelters,
"Brave emissions, 'Indoor air pollution.
c PCA24/MFA01
k rNC°nmental Research lail-' Research Tri-
Quartft^ FC*D Survey: October-December 1979.
PEDrv.rl£rePt-Oct-Dec79,
M. SnSiF nvironmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
800/7. -' Mel'a' and N' Gre9ory- Jan 80' 571P EPA"
-
B'279 214 and reP°rt dated Oot 79> pB80-
This
"nenn «•> •• • "8 the first full compilation (not a supple-
^u^S6 the December 1978 - January 1979 report.
""sise, next three reports are to be supplements,
the vSr8 should be retained for reference throughout
"»• The report, which is generated by a comput-
n.-T8 base system, presents a survey of utility
•Sf^desulfurization (FGD) systems in the U.S. and
""• « summarizes information contributed by the
V, process suppliers, regulatory agencies,
., _ng engineering firms. Systems are tabulat-
«naef „ ^cally by development status (operational,
PamT Con8tructfon, or in planning stages), utility com-
Dr.Zs Process supplier, process and waste disposal
lce- It presents data on boiler design, FGD
fesign, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
e. It includes unit by unit dependability param-
i the boilers and FGD systems. Process flow
»d 5o"j™ and FGD system economic data are append-
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Performance evaluation, Scrub-
bers, Particles, Design, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Process charting, Surveys, 'Flue gas desulfunzation,
Listings.
PB80-176852 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Red Clay Turbidity and Its Transport In Lake Su-
perior. Final rept,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Michael Sydor, Richard T. Clapper, Gordon J. Oman,
and Klrby R. Stortz. Jan 79,141p EPA-90S/9-79-004
Grant EPA-R-005175-01
Red clay plumes In western Lake Superior are studied
using Landsat satellite Imagery to determine the rela-
tive magnitude of the three sources of the observed
turbidity: erosion of the Wisconsin south shore red clay
banks, resuspenslon of bottom sediments, and runoff
from the many streams which flow through the red clay
belt and then Into the lake. A comprehensive sampling
program was conducted during the spring of 1975 to
determine the runoff contribution to the total load ob-
served In the lake. A numerical model for water trans-
ports in Lake Superior as a function of winds Is devel-
oped. This model Is verified by comparison of ob-
served and predicted water levels at several locations
around the lake, and by comparison of the predicted
transport patterns to actual turbidity distributions ob-
served In Landsat imagery.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, 'Sediment transport, 'Lake Su-
perior, 'Water pollution, Runoff, Erosion, Hydrodyna-
mics, Turbidity, Remote sensing, Sources, Monitoring,
Mathematical models, Windward drift, Landsat satel-
lites.
PB80-177009 PC AOS/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part VI: The Common Phytoplankton
Qenera From Eastern and Southeastern Lake*.
Rept. for 7 Mar-14 Nov 73,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
W. D. Taylor, S. C Hern, L. R Williams, V. W. Lambou,
and M. K. Morris. Apr 79,96p EPA-600/3-79-051
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences. See also Part 7,
PB80-153679.
This report analyzes and compares environmental
conditions associated with the 57 most common
genera of phytqplankton encountered in the National
Eutrophication Survey of 250 lakes in 17 eastern and
southeastern States during 1973. Among the findings
of this study are: (1) There is an extensive overlap of
seasonal preference for most genera, (2) the wide
ranges in environmental conditions for most genera ef-
fectively eliminate all of the 57 genera as strong,
stand-alone indicator organisms, and (3) environmen-
tal trends were reflected in mean parameter values in
such a way that a nutrient-rich group of genera and a
nutrient-poor group of genera resulted. The develop-
ment of biological water quality indices based on the
last finding is discussed.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Aquatic microbiology, Indicator species, Seasonal vari-
ations, Algae, Diatoms, Abundance,
Distrlbution(Property). lndexes(Ratios), Eutrophica-
tion, Bioindicators, Eastern Reglon(Unlted States).
PB80-177017 PC A02/MF A01
Photoreactlvlry of Aquatic Pollutant* Sorted on
Suspended Sediments,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Glenn C. Miller, and Richard Q. Zepp. Jul 79,6p EPA-
600VJ-79-067
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, p860-
863 Jul 79.
A technique is described that can be used to ascertain
the photoreactMty of chemicals sorbed on parbculates
suspended in water. The influence of sorptbn on pho-
toreactMty is disentangled from the effects of light at-
tenuation and scattering by the sorbent. When this
technique was employed, the photoreactMty of two
hydropnobic chemicals was determined on sediments
obtained from three widely separated water bodies in
the United States. Kinetic and product studies indicate
that the sorbed chemicals are in a less polar mtoroen-
vironment that is a considerably better hydrogen atom
donor than water.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Organic
compounds, 'Chemical analysis, Sorption, Photo-
chemistry, Pesticides, Absorption spectra, Photolysis,
Reaction kinetics, Separation, Reprints.
PB80-177025 PC A02/MF A01
Review of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NO2 Monitoring Quality Assurance Program,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
John R. Clements, and Thomas R. Mauser. 1980,14p
EPA-600/J-80-001
Pub. in Nitrogen Oxides and Their Effects on Health,
Ch7p107-118,1980.
A review of EPA's Quality Assurance Program for mon-
itoring NO2 In ambient air is presented. Included are a
discussion of the nationwide audit program, special
audits of continuous monitors, the preparation of N02
audit samples, and a general Interpretation of the re-
sults of these programs.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Quality
assurance, Monitoring, Samples, Reviews, Reprints.
PB80-177033 PC A02/MF A01
Urban Runoff and Combined Sewer Overflow,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, Robert A. Dorlval, and Joseph
Janeczek, Jr. 1979,14p EPA-600/J-79-066
Pub. In Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v51 n6
p1281-1294 Jun 79.
A general discussion of urban runoff pollution including
the impact of urban runoff on water quality, and the
control and handling of non-point source pollutants Is
presented. The Importance of various planning and
design considerations are stressed. Long range con-
trol planning, management strategies, runoff simula-
tion and various computer models such as SWMM and
STORM are discussed. The benefits of source and col-
lection system controls are presented on a cost-effec-
tiveness basis, and a review Is made of innovative
physical/chemical treatment processes. The informa-
tion is presented In the form of a literature review.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Management, Combined sewers, Overflows, Reviews,
Cost effectiveness, Reprints, Nonpolnt sources,
'Urban hydrology.
PB80-177041 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Olflubenzuron on an Estuarlne Crusta-
cean. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
0. R. Nimmo, T. L. Hamaker, J. C. Moore, and C. A.
Sommers. 1979,6p EPA-600/J-79-059, CONTRIB-
379
Pub. in Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol., v22 p767-
770,1979.
Data are reported for tests exposing a small, estuartne
crustacean, Mysidopsis bahia, to diflubenzuron (Dimi-
lin, TH-6040, (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-
difluorobenzoyl)urea)) in flowing seawater. Tests were
conducted In intermittent flows from a dlluter or contin-
uous flowing water In which the toxicant was added by
an infusion pump. Diflubenzuron was acutely and
chronically toxic to M. bahia: the calculated 96-hr LC50
was 2.1 micrograms/l (95% fiducial limits, 1.6 to 2.7
mlcrograms/l at 24 to 25C and 23 to 29 parts per thou-
sand salinity. In a life-cycle experiment, the 21 -day
LC50 was 1.24 micrograms/l (95% fiducial limits, 0.84
to 1.8 micrograms/l at 24 to 26C and 23 to 29 parts per
thousand salinity). In the life-cycle studies, the repro-
ductive success (number of young produced per
female) was found to be a more sensitive criterion of
effect than survival of adults. For example, only 13.5
young/female were produced in an estimated concen-
tration of 0.075 micrograms/l whereas 21.4 and 21.0
young/female were produced in controls. As difluben-
zuron concentrations increased, there was direct sup-
pression of reproduction.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Es-
tuaries, Life cycles, Insecticides, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Exposure, Reproductfon(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Bloassay, Salinity, Re-
December 1983 863
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Dlmllln, Benzamlde/N-
(((chlorophenyl)amlno)carbonyl)-dlfluoro, Mysldopsls
bahla.
PB80-177068 PC A02/MF A01
Remote Measurement of Gaseous Pollutant Con-
centration! Using a Mobile Fourier Tranatorm In-
terferometer System,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
William F. Herget, and James 0. Brasher. 13 Jul 78,
20p EPA-600/J-79-065
Pub. In Applied Optics, v18 n20 p3404-3420, 15 Oct
79.
A commercial Fourier transform Interferometer system
with telescopic optics has been Installed In a van and
used to make long-path absorption and single-ended
emission measurements of gaseous pollutant concen-
trations at a number of geographical locations. The
system covers the Infrared spectral region from 650 to
6000/cm at a maximum resolution of 0.08/cm. For
many pollutants, concentrations In the 1-10 parts per
billion range can be detected over a 1 kilometer path
length. To date, measurements have been made In the
absorption mode across fertilizer plant gypsum ponds,
an oil refinery, and jet engine plumes; Industrial stacks,
waste gas flares, and |et engine plumes have been
studied In the emission mode.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Remote sensing, Chemical
analysis, Optical Interferometers, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Mobile equipment,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Exhaust emissions, Re-
prints, *Alr pollution detection, 'Fourier transform
spectroscopy, Long path optical measurements.
PB80-177108 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Advanced Combustion Systems for Stationary
Gas Turbine Engines: Volume III. Combuator Veri-
fication Testing. Final rept. Jan 78-Apr 79,
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group, West Palm Beach,
FL. Government Products Div.
R. M. Pierce, C. E. Smith, and B. S. Hinton. Jan 80,
152p FR-11405, EPA-600/7-80-017C
Contract EPA-68-02-2136
See also Volume 2, PB80-175607.
The reports describe an exploratory development pro-
gram to identify, evaluate, and demonstrate dry tech-
niques for significantly reducing NOx from stationary
gas turbine engines. Volume 3 describes the scaleup
of the rich-burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) model to a
full-scale (25 MW) gas turbine combustor, and docu-
ments test results from the full-scale evaluations. Test
results were very positive, showing that the RB/QQ
concept can reduce NOx to approximately 45 ppm (at
zero % O2) for clean distillate oil and to approximately
75 ppm for a distillate oil doped to 0.5% nitrogen, as
pyridine. CO emissions below the 100 ppm program
goal were also demonstrated. These tests also indi-
cate that the new combustor concept may be capable
of low emission performance on petroleum residual oil
and synthetic liquid fuels such as SRC II or shale oil.
Results from testing on those fuels is included in
Volume 4, an addendum.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Gas turbine engines, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Design, Tests, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB80-177116 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Preparation Plant Computer Model: Volume I.
User Documentation. Final rept. Jul 76-Jul 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Frederick K. Goodman, and Jane H. McCreery. Jan 80,
249p EPA-600/7-80-010A
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 2, PB80-177124.
The two-volume report describes a steady state mod-
eling system that simulates the performance of coal
preparation plants. The system was developed origi-
nally under the technical leadership of the U.S. Bureau
of Mines and the sponsorship of the EPA. The modi-
fied form described in this report, written in Fortran,
was developed by Battelle for the EPA. The original
modifications made the program usable in evaluating
an advanced coal cleaning facility being constructed at
Homer City, PA. Subsequent changes allowed the
model to be used for a wider range of performance and
cost evaluations. Initial changes to the original pro-
gram increased the number of process operations
which could be simulated, and simplified program op-
eration. Later modifications permitted the calculation
of plant water flows and the estimation of plant costs.
Volume I contains user documentation, and Volume II
provides process documentation. Volume I describes
the manner In which coal flows are represented, the
mathematical approach of the various unit operations,
the cost evaluation approach, preparation of the Input,
and interpretation of the output (the last two In terms of
an example).
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Mathematical models,
'Computerized simulation, Fortran, Cost analysis, Air
pollution, Design, Process charting, Computer pro-
gramming, Performance evaluation, *Alr pollution
abatement, *CPSM4 computer program, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB80-177124 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Preparation Plant Computer Model: Volume
II. Program Documentation. Final rept. Jul 76-Jul
79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Frederick K. Goodman, and Jane H. McCreery. Jan 80,
316p EPA-600/7-80-01 OB
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also Volume 1, PB80-177116.
The two-volume report describes a steady state mod-
eling system that simulates the performance of coal
preparation plants. Program documentation begins In
volume II with a discussion of basic documentation
principles, followed by presentation of each routine
and common block in terms of these principles.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Mathematical models,
'Computerized simulation, Fortran, Performance eval-
uation, Computer programs, Air pollution, Cost analy-
sis, 'Air pollution abatement, 'CPSM4 computer pro-
gram.
PB80-177132 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance 1,2- Dlchloroethane. Level I -
Preliminary. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Karen Slimak, Hal Bryson, Kathleen Durrell, Eliot
Harrison, and Virginia Hodge. 8 Feb 80,158p* 2-800-
03-379-34, EPA-560/13-80-002
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
The purpose of the Level I materials balance for 1,2
dichloroethane (EDC) is to evaluate the sources of re-
lease of EDC to the environment. EDC is produced via
direct chtorination and oxychlorination of ethylene.
EDC is used consumptively in the production of other
chemicals such as vinyl chloride, monomer, perchlor-
oethylene, trichloroethylene, ethyleneamines and vi-
nylidene chloride. EDC is also used in the production
of leaded gasoline additives as lead scavenger. Re-
leases of EDC from the production and consumptive
uses appear to be the major sources of EDC emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Material balance, 'Chloroethanes, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Sources, Manufacturing, Produc-
tion, Chemical industry, Chlorination, Chlorine organic
compounds, Air pollution, Water pollution, Design,
* Ethane/dichloro, Land pollution.
PB80-177140 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Bibliography of Aquatic Ecosystem Effects, Ana-
lytical Methods and Treatment Technologies for
Organic Compounde In Advanced Fossil-Fuel
Processing Effluents. Volume 1,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
Michael D. Marcus, Harold L. Bergman, Duane A.
Stoller, Stanley K. Brown, and Pat A. Molholt. Feb 80,
366p* EPA-600/3-80-026
Contracts DOE-ET-77-S-03-1761, DOE-ET-78-C-03-
1761
Advance fossil-fuel processing operations, including
oil-shale retorting, coal gasification, coal liquifaction
and tar-sands recovery, can result in chemically com-
plex aqueous waste effluents. This bibliography com-
piles much of the recent literature (ca. 1870-i»"j
concerning effects of organic compounds In advance"
fossil-fuel processing effluents when discharged into
aquatic ecosystems, plus information available on an-
alytical methods and treatment technologies formew
organlcs. To compile the bibliography, nearly 500 or-
ganic compounds known to be constituents ot io»»»
fuels and fossil-fuel processing effluents were eroswu
with a list of key words during a computerized searon
of six bibliographic data bases. The bibliography con-
tains 1314 citations which are indexed by chemicawi
key words, taxonomic categories and
bibliography Is Intended especially for re**S|2|5j§
In aquatic environments, but may also be useful to
those concerned with fossil-fuel processing enru""S
in terrestrial environments and to those working in pw
mill and pesticide research.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Industrial wastes,
'Fuels, 'Bibliographies, Combustion products, B»
systems, Organic compounds, Coal gasification, ow
mlnous sands, Oil shale, Retorting, Coal liquefaction.
PB80-177207 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in
angle Park, NC. B.II.
Source Aeaeeement: Dry Bottom Industrial D"»
ere Firing Pulverized Bituminous Coal. Final repi.
Aug 74-Jun 79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. „ j '
W. R. McCurley, C. M. Moscowltz, J. C. Ochsner, ana
R. B. Reznlk. Jun 79,199p MRC-DA-900, EPA-600/
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
°*a.boiler by 1-20%. Analysis of measured or postulat-
j? incremental emissions, other than NOx, indicates
"jat these emissions are generally unaffected when
Preferred NOx controls are implemented, although fur-
mer testing is warranted.
Keyworcjs: *Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
ooilers, Technology assessment, Industrial wastes,
yornbustion products, Capitalized costs, Operating
jpats, Cost analysis, Revisions, Performance evalua-
"°n,Tables(Data).
?580-177272 PC A02/MF A01
^"Evaluation of the Lamkin Device. Technical
§2*onmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
".Biology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
JUI 74, 6pEPA-AA-TAEB-75-02
J™. Cliff Lamkin contacted the Environmental Protec-
cnn A9en°y's Emission Control Technology Division
Concerning an invention of his which allegedly reduced
8iinrSt emissions and improved fuel economy. He
rJPPlied data from an independent laboratory on tests
with and without the device installed on a
r vehicle which indicated a marked reduction in
tha i!lons witn tne device ins'a"ed. He was invited to
18 Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory for confirmato-
i* '8?ting during the week of April 22, 1974. The
r"nKin device did not improve emissions or fuel econ-
Innf M mucn as reducing the idle CO did. Mr. Lamkin
, 'seated that he had not tried his device on a newer,
jl(™]er-running car. Mr. Lamkin's invention was a medi-
al? i to tne stock carburetor "Sing an unconvention-
al metering system.
Bywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Fuel
rjjnsumption, Air pollution control equipment, Perform-
ovu tests' Hydrocarbons, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen
°xl
290nm) gave 2-chloro-5-aminophenol with a conver-
sion of 78 plus or minus 5%. The photolysis quantum
yield at 313nm of 0.05 plus or minus 0.003 was unaf-
fected by cyanide (0.35M) or pH changes between 4
and 12. A MO calculation indicated a large excited
singlet state shift in electron density to the carbon un-
dergoing substitution. The reaction is suggested to
proceed through an aryl cation intermediate produced
by heterolytic cleavage of the meta carbon-chlorine
bond. Reaction from the triplet state is not considered
likely since neither oxygen nor sorbic alcohol affected
the quantum yield.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution, 'Photolysis,
Chlorine organic compounds, Molecular energy levels,
Chemical bonds, Excitation, Reprints, 'Phenol/amino-
chloro.
PB80-177397 MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
A Prototype Mobile System for Pyrolysls of Agri-
cultural And/Or Silviculture! Wastes. Final rept.,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Engineering Experi-
ment Station.
J. W. Tatom, A. R. Colcord, W. M. Williams, K. R.
Purdy, and J. J. Demeter. Oct 79,141p EPA-600/7-79-
230
Grant EPA-R-803430
Available microfiche only because of poor quality.
This research program was initiated to investigate
three elements of a prototype mobile system for pyrol-
ysis of agricultural and/or silvicultural wastes into
clean, transportable fuels: the pyrolytic converter itself,
a pyrolysls-gas-fueled internal combustion engine, and
the combustion and emission characteristics of pyroly-
tic char and oil. An experimental study of the perform-
ance of the Georgia Tech Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion one-ton-per-hour pyrolytic converter was conduct-
ed. Peanut hulls and pine sawdust were used as repre-
sentative agricultural and silvicultural waste materials.
Effects of converter capacity, feed material, mechani-
cal agitation, bed depth, and air-to-feed ratio on prod-
uct yields were determined. An experimental study of
the combustion and emission characteristics of pow-
dered char was performed by the Pittsburgh Energy
Research Center. Stable combustion and satisfactory
combustion efficiency were obtained with powdered
high-volatile char alone and with 50-50 blends of high-
volatile or low-volatile pulverized char and coal. Excel-
lent flame stability and carbon-combustion efficiency
were obtained when powdered char was mixed with
pyrolysis oil and No. 6 fuel oil and fired as a slurry in an
oil-fired boiler. Studies of the combustor and boiler flue
gases showed significant reductions in SO2 emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, "Biomass, 'Pyrolysis,
Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Exhaust emis-
sions, Design, Equipment, Computer programs, 'Solid
wastes, 'Silviculture, Synthetic fuels, Air pollution
abatement.
PB80-177413 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot Scale Combustion Evaluation of Waste and
Alternate Fuels: Phase III, Final Report. Rept. for
Feb-Aug 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. A. Brown, and C. F. Busch. Mar 80,227p EPA-600/
7-80-043
Contract EPA-68-02-1885
See also report on Phase 2 dated Jun 79, PB-299 325.
The report gives results of three studies at EPA's Multi-
fuel Test Facility. The first evaluated a distributed-air
staging concept for NOx control in pulverized-coal-
fired systems. The second evaluated combustion con-
trol techniques and NO emissions when firing coal/oil
mixtures. The third evaluated emissions and combus-
tion characteristics of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) co-
fired with either natural gas or pulverized coal.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Coal, Substi-
tutes, Fuel oil, Blends, Pilot plants, Tests, Refuse de-
rived fuels.
PB80-177454 PC AOS/MF A01
OH Spill Debris - Where to Put the Waste. Final
rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
John S. Farlow, Russell Wilder, and Cornelia Potter.
Jan 80,98p EPA-600/7-80-016
Prepared in cooperation with New England River
Basins Commission, Boston, MA.
This report Is a digest of a workshop on disposal of oil
spill debris. Representatives of five New England
states and New York agreed that oil spill cleanup and
disposal of debris is a major regional problem which
must be addressed by identifying disposal sites in ad-
vance of major oil spills. The workshop provided a
forum for discussion of state oil spill clean up and dis-
posal and EPA's policies and plans for regulating clean
up operations. A representative from each of the six
states reviewed existing laws and regulations govern-
ing oil-debris stockpiling, transportation to disposal
sites, and the relation between state and local ordi-
nances on liability for disposal costs. Ultimate respon-
sibility for oily debris transportation and disposal varies
from state-to-state, and this in turn affects approaches
to identifying acceptable disposal sites.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Meetings, Law(Jurisprudence), Regulations, Site sur-
veys, Environmental Impacts, New York State, 'Oil
spills, New England.
PB80-177546 PC A03/MF A01
Command Procedures lor Manipulating Tape Data
Files: A Set of Procedures Developed for Use
With the COMNET ALPHA Time-Sharing System.
Final rept. Jun 78-Mar 79,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. A. McCrory, and L. R. Williams. Mar 80,32p EPA-
600/8-80-013
The problem addressed by this report is the lack of
simple terminal commands to manipulate tape data
files at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Washington Computer Center. This work was per-
formed to enable relatively inexperienced program-
mers or scientists to maintain large infrequently used
data sets on magnetic tape.'The report documents a
set of terminal command language procedures which
greatly simplify the maintenance of data files on mag-
netic tape. The command procedures are invoked by
entering a single work at the computer terminal. The
computer queries are the user for specific information
December 1983 865
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and then submits a job to accomplish the actual data
transfer. Ancillary procedures are included to facilitate
the housekeeping requirements of tape management.
The storage of large infrequently-used data sets on
magnetic tape saves ADP funds and frees system re-
sources for other applications. Such savings lessen
capital investment requirements as the Agency's ADP
needs expand. Disk storage charges have been cut by
50% by the use of these procedures.
Keywords: Data storage, Magnetic tapes, "File
maintenance(Computers), Data management.
PB80-177561 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of Methods and Techniques for
Final Treatment of Combined Municipal and Tex-
tile Wastewater Including Sludge Utilization and
Disposal. Final rept,
Instytut Ksztaltowania Srodowiska, Katowice (Poland).
Environmental Pollution Abatement Centre.
Jan Suschka. Dec 79,149p EPA/600/2-79/160
Grant EPA-PR-05-532-2 (PL-480)
The investigations were carried out on laboratory
scale, employing various mixtures of dyeing and mu-
nicipal wastewaters. The processes studied were: co-
agulation, ozonization, chlorination, activated carbon,
activated sludge, and anaerobic digestion. Lime ap-
peared to be the best coagulation agent. Feasibility of
lime reclamation by recalcining the sludge and recy-
cling the lime in the coagulation process was demon-
strated.
Keywords: 'Textile processes, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Dyeing, Coagulation, Ozonization, Activated
carbon process, Sludge disposal, Anaerobic process-
es, Digestion(Decomposition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Calcium oxides, Feasibility, Circulation, Re-
calcining, Recycling.
PB80-177587 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wyoming. Water Year
1978. Volume 2. Green River Basin, Bear River
Basin, and Snake River Basin. Water-data rept.
(Annual), 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Cheyenne, WY. Water Resources
Div.
1980, 737p USGS/WRD/HD-80/021, USGS/WDR/
WY-78-2
See also Volume 1 dated Jan 80, PB80-165152.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Wyo-
ming consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. Volume 2 of this report contains
discharge records for 62 gaging stations; stage and
contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 43
gaging stations, 19 ungaged stations, and 75 wells and
springs; and water levels for 8 observation wells. Also
included are 24 crest-stage partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Wyo-
ming, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Water wells, Tem-
perature, Tables(Data), "Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-177S95 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings of United States/Japan Conference
on Sewage Treatment Technology (6th) Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on October 30-31, 1978, and
Washington, DC. on November 2-3,1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 79,677p EPA-600/9-79-039
As part of joint interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan, a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology is held at intervals of
about 18 months. This publication contains papers
from the Japanese group and from the American side
that were presented at the Sixth Conference. Subject
matter covered included nitrogen removal, sludge
processing, instrumentation, sewage plant construc-
tion and water quality.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Meetings, Nitrifica-
tion, Chlorination, Dewatering, Sewage sludge, Sludge
disposal, Activated sludge process, Water pollution
control, Industrial plants, Instrumentation, 'Foreign
technology, Sewage treatment plants.
PB80-177603 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Pathogenic and Toxic Materials Trans-
ported via Cooling Device Drift - Volume 1. Tech-
nical Report. Final rept. Jan 77-Sep 79,
H2M Corp., Farmingdale, NY.
H. D. Freudenthal, IE. Rubenstein, and A. Uzzo. Nov
79,218p EPA-600/7-79-251A
Contract EPA-68-02-2625
See also Volume 2, PB80-177611.
The report describes a mathematical model that pre-
dicts the percent of the population affected by a patho-
gen or toxic substance emitted in a cooling tower
plume, and gives specific applications of the model.
Eighty-five pathogens (or diseases) are catajoged as
potentially occurring in U.S. waters, but there is insuffi-
cient data to predict the probability of occurrence or
relate their occurrence to public health, population, or
pollution. Sixty-five toxic substances are cataloged as
potentially occurring in U.S. waters, but the actual
number is probably many times the EPA-supplied list.
Toxic concentrations to persons, animals, and plants
are known for only a few of the chemicals: most toxic
levels can be only inferred from animal studies. In the
population as a whole, the epidemiological impact of a
pathogen is a function of age, sex distribution, racial
(genetic) distribution, general health and well-being,
prior exposure, and immunological deficiency states.
While cooling device drift may not be directly responsi-
ble for epidemics, it may potentiate the burden in an al-
ready weakened population, raising a segment of the
population into the clinical state. The effect of toxic
substances is difficult to evaluate because of inad-
equate data on humans. The effect is a function of
concentration in susceptible tissue, and is much less
dependent than pathogens on host resistance.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Mathematical models, Predic-
tion, Diseases, Cooling towers. Occurrence, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Pathology, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution, Plumes, 'Pathogens, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB80-177611 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Pathogenic and Toxic Materials Trans-
ported via Cooling Device Drift. Volume 2. Appen-
dices. Final rept. Jan 77-Sep 79,
H2M Corp., Farmingdale, NY.
H. E. Freudenthal, J. E. Rubenstein, and A. Uzzo. Nov
79, 359p EPA-600/7-79-251B
Contract EPA-68-02-2625
See also Volume 1, PB80-177603.
The report describes a mathematical model that pre-
dicts the percent of the population affected by a patho-
gen or toxic substance emitted in a cooling tower
plume, and gives specific applications of the model.
Eighty-five pathogens (or diseases) are catajoged as
potentially occurring in U.S. waters, but there is insuffi-
cient data to predict the probability of occurrence or
relate their occurrence to public health, population, or
pollution. Sixty-five toxic substances are cataloged as
potentially occurring in U.S. waters, but the actual
number is probably many times the EPA-supplied list.
Toxic concentrations to persons, animals, and plants
are known for only a few of the chemicals: most toxic
levels can be only inferred from animal studies. In the
population as a whole, the epidemiological impact of a
pathogen is a function of age, sex distribution, racial
(genetic) distribution, general health and well-being,
prior exposure, and immunological deficiency states.
While cooling device drift may not be directly responsi-
ble for epidemics, it may potentiate the burden in an al-
ready weakened population, raising a segment of the
population into the clinical state. The effect of toxic
substances is difficult to evaluate because of inad-
equate data on humans. The effect is a function of
concentration in susceptible tissue, and is much less
dependent than pathogens on host resistance.
Keywords'. 'Toxicology, Mathematical models, Predic-
tion, Diseases, Goofing towers, Occurrence, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Pathology, Toxic-
ity, Water pollution. Plumes, 'Pathogens, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB80-177728 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianuw
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div. .
Worker Reentry In Florida Citrus Pesticides in m»
Agricultural Environment, . ...
Agricultural Research and Education Center, u»
Alfred, FL.
H. N. Nigg. Feb 80,66p EPA-600/1-80-013
Grant EPA-R-804633
The environmental behavior of five organop
insecticides in Florida citrus are reported, r
disappearance rate from fruit, leaf, and soil
was the same. Potential worker exposure to P
was leaf surface, soil surface, fruit surface, and a rrorw
component in air. Disappearance of parathion su"»
residues was accurately represented with a ti™'"" rffli
solar radiation, rainfall, temperature, and dew mo" •
Dialifor, malathion, oxydemetonmethyl, and a'oxa£";L
fruit and leaf surface residues exhibited different «w*
pearance rates. The disappearance rate, ""vrT a|
was the same on fruit and leaf surfaces for inw*'"
compounds. Based on rates of disappearance u_
different environmental conditions, environmental «w
sitivity was oxydemetonmethyl malathion dioxaww
dialifor. These data suggest that fruit data coura >~
eliminated from worker safety reentry registratI0rl. 0
quirements for organophosphate insecticif18?' uuln
surface residue techniques were compared, vacu
and dislodgeable residue techniques differed in
amount of paniculate matter and pesticide resiaua
covered. Vacuum, dislodgeable and air paw""'
numbers and sizes were relatively comparable. >
dislodgeable residue technique for worker reentry «>
appeared superior to the vacuum technique.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Citrus fruits, Humans,, Florida,
Dioxathion, Torak, Metasystox-R.
PB80-177736 PC A02/MF AOl
Diazinon (Trade Name): Chronic Toxlclty to, •"
Brain Acetylchollnesterase Inhibition ln'.',"
Sheepshead Minnow, 'Cyprlnodon variegaw
Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Larry R. Goodman, David J. Hansen, David L. ,
Coppage, James C. Moore, and Edward MattheiC*. '
1979,13p EPA-600/J-79-071, CONTRIB-374
Pub. in Transactions of American Fisheries Socie y.
v108p479-488,1979.
The toxicity of Diazinon to sheepshead minnows is *•
scribed. Although the number of eggs sPawnTicad
continuously exposed fish was significantly rePi;inrl
(alpha =0.05) in all concentrations, no concentre"
tested significantly affected parental survival or'£' flf.
of eggs, nor were survival and growth of Pr°8?"L in
fected in a subsequent 28-day test. Fish expo™"
0.47 micrograms/liter spawned 22.6 eggs/ferna
or 69% of control production ( "—= <
The number of eggs spawned „, — —r- „ almr
3.5,1.8, and 0.98 micrograms/liter Diazinon was »'
lar (14.9-17.9 eggs/female-day), averaging 46-56w
production by control fish. Egg production by """.JMr
had been previously exposed to 3.5 microgram»''" g
did not change significantly following depuration re»
to 31 days. AChE activity varied inversely wltn
sure concentration, fish in the highest concn
(6.5 micrograms/liter) averaging 71% InWW
concentration of Diazinon measured in adult
posed to 1.8, 3.5, and 6.5 micrograms/liter ave
169 times the concentration measured in
t consistentl
ed to 0.98 an
acceptable
(MATC) for sheepshead minnows continuously e|8
posed to Diazinon, based on reduced tecun;;;iTC
<0.47 micrograms/liter; the application factor (M* |g
divided by 96-hour median lethal concentration)
< 0.0003.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, 'Diazinon, *?•*£
cides, Insecticides, Concentration(Compo8ition), «•
nows, Phosphorus organic compounds, ,P,P;Ilis),
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution effects(Anirnaw
Cyprinodon variegatus, Maximum permissible B»H-
866 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
E«!«177744 PC A05/MF A01
Em? * of Po""tlon on Freshwater Fish,
environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
"-I-. 5>pehar, G. W. Holcombe, R. W. Carlson, R. A.
rj'ummond, and J. D. Yount. 1979,79p EPA-600/J-79-
ifSiiniJnl- Water p°llut- Control Fed., v51 n6 p1616-
76, Jun 79- See also report dated Jun 78, PB-284
*P pensive review of 478 references on the effects
SBnteH •?" on 'reshwater fish for 1977-1978 is pre-
Juirv' 'nese references cover. Reviews and Sympo-
pg' Dissolved Gases, pH, Insecticides, Herbicides,
racicifiQs and Anesthetics, Inorganics and Organic
«s, Chlorine and Sewage, Pulp and Paper, Ra-
*••-—•"• sical Factors.
Keywords: *Fishes, 'Toxicology, Fresh water fishes,
curtS*8' Meetings, Dissolved gases, Reprints, Bioac-
DoKatlon' Monitoring, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
Dilution effects(Animals).
PC A02/MF A01
.
Htfhbd?1 °y*pl'«l* In Young FHh Exposed to the
En*L°W* Trlfluralln. Final rept.,
jnvirpnmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
GonS£ueh' J- T- Winstead, D. J. Hansen, and L. R.
J«Wman.1979,11pEPA-600/J-79-072,CONTRIB-
Btr'J'J Jnl' of Fl8h Diseases, v2 p35-42, 1979. Pre-
alui? tn,°o°peratlon with University of Southern MIs-
"w|PPl, Hattfesburg. Dept. of Biology.
minnows, Cyprlnodon varlegatus Lace-
'• exposed to 5-5 to 31 micrograms/l of the herbl-
Vfllnjrl5"ralln, throughout their first 28 days of life, de-
ThkT3 a heretofore, undescribed vertebral dysplasla.
™ tysplaslaconsisted of semisymmetrical hypertro-
i or vertebrae (three to 20 times normal), character-
«^L oci of os'eoblast and fibroblasts actively laying
•™l u - and bone Precursors. Effects of the abnor-
^rvertebral development were dorsal vertebral
tKM^ lm° tne neural canal, ventral compression of
•xrS.*iot8'and longitudinal fusion of vertebrae. Fish,
*posed for 51 days to 16-6 micrograms/l trlfluralln
S^weaher depurated for 41 days, showed no In-
"ase in vertebral dysplasia during depuration; how-
Sani residual spinal column damage was evident.
fish » calcium concentrations were elevated in adult
piyVjXPpsed for 4 days to 16-6 micrograms/l trifluralin.
erad0818 or mimicry of hypervitamlnosls A are consld-
aroJ,5?SSIDle mechanisms for the osseous effect, but
hiohi °onsidered to be the only possible causes. The
tor It. predictable nature of this disorder in experimen-
fiBh £posures strengthens the probability that young
sfteMay J9^6 as experimental models for determining
dcuio i ° cnemicals on early vertebrate ontogeny, par-
wany in regard to skeletal development.
°r8an?rds: *pestic'des, 'Herbicides, *Fishes,_Nitrogen
poncen
compound?'.
^posure,
HoZ?" 777W pc A02/MF A01
°rnogen|Z|ng sludge Produces Unexpected Mer-
t*V Results.'Final rept.
Trta» Pmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
\VT?'e Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
an'AMrtchell, M. R. Midgett, J. Suggs, R. J. Velten,
Pih T A|brinck. 1979, 5p EPA-600/ J-79-070
uo- In Jnl, Pollution Engineering, v1 1 p69-70 Sep 79.
18 'or
mercury
Jiy*ords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Mercury(Metal), 'Chemi-
"*' analysis, Trace elements, Reprints, Solid wastes.
PC A02/MF A01
I Methods Applied to the Analysis
}™ironmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
., , .
B.Hoover .1978,13p EPA-600/J-78-167
ance, and voltammetry are reviewed, and examples
are given of applications to environmental analyses.
Keywords: 'Electrochemistry, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical analysis.
PB80-177785 PC A02/MF A01
A Microcomputer-Modified Electrical Aerosol An-
alyzer,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charles W. Lewis. 26 Feb 79,7p EPA-600/J-79-074
Pub. in Jnl. Aerosol Sci., v10 p471 -475,1979.
A commercial Electrical Aerosol Analyzer has been
modified through addition of a digital voltmeter, a
microcomputer, and a printer. In unattended operation,
the system can acquire a differential particle size distri-
bution, print and plot the resulting spectrum In any of
three possible representations, and repeat the cycle at
preselected intervals.
Keywords: 'Analyzers, 'Aerosols, Design, Perform-
ance evaluation, Air pollution, Revisions, Particle size
distribution, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection, Micro-
computers.
PB80-17 /793 PC A08/MF A01
Survey Analysis of Phenolic Compounds In Indus-
trial Effluents by Oat Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry. Journal article,
Environmental R
fundamental principles of electro-analytical meth-
based on potentiometry, coulometry, conduct-
1 Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Shackelford, and R. G. Webb. 1979,15p EPA-
600/ J-79-056
Pub. In Journal of Measurement of Organic Pollutants
In Water and Wastewater, ASTM STP 686 p191-20S
1979.
Analyzing industrial effluents for phenolic compounds
involves a number of problems both in the separation
of these compounds from the aqueous medium and in
the chromatography of the extracted compounds. Use
of continuous liquid-liquid extractor Improved the re-
covery of phenolic compounds from those effluents
that formed Intractable emulsions during liquid-liquid
extraction by shake-out. Tenax GC and SP1240 DA
proved to be the best general purpose gas chromato-
graphic column packings for a broad range of phenolic
compounds. Oerivatization procedures using diazo-
methane and pentafluorobenzyl bromide were found
to be successful only under rigorously controlled con-
ditions. For survey work, it appears that derivatization
is of questionable value for initial qualitative analysis
because, in many cases, the character of the matrix is
not known.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Water analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Indus-
trial wastes, Surveys, Extraction, Laboratory equip-
ment, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Water pollution de-
tection.
PB80-177801 PC A03/MF A01
Fate of Toxic Organic Substances In the Aquatic
Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Ray R. Lassiter, George L. Baughman, and Lawrence
A. Burns. 1978,31p EPA-600/J-78-164
Pub. in Journal of State-of-the-Art in Ecological Model-
ling v7p219-2461978.
Models that predict the environmental fate of toxic
chemicals can be used as guides for data acquisition
for currently used chemicals and as tools for calculat-
ing expected environmental concentrations or new
chemicals introduced into commerce. These models
are based on a set of mathematical descriptions of
rate processes of chemical transformations and equi-
libria, both written as functions of environmental fac-
tors. To test the model, it must be used to make predic-
tions that can be observed experimentally. For the
tests, experimental environmental environments
should be employed that can be controlled to provide
conditions for which the predictions were made. Appli-
cations of the models requires that a file of environ-
mental descriptions be available. Several applications
have been made.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Mathematical models, Simula-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Prediction, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, Environment models, Envi-
ronmental factors, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB80-177819 PC A02/MF A01
Mathematical Modeling of Pesticides In the Envi-
ronment: Current and Future Developments. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
James V. Hill, IV. 1979,12p EPA-600/J-79-062
Pub. in Journal of Environmental Systems 9(2) p99-
1071979.
Transport models, total ecosystem models with aggre-
gated linear approximations, evaluative models, hierar-
chical models, and influence analysis methods are
mathematical techniques that are particularly applica-
ble to the problems encountered when characterizing
pesticide chemicals in the environment. Because com-
plete chemical, physical, and biological characteriza-
tion is not available for most pesticides, research
needs to be directed toward developing models for
use in estimating whole system behavior based upon
data representing a limited set of components and
interactions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mathematical models, Esti-
mating, Environments, Reprints, Ecosystems, "Toxic
substances.
PB80-177827 PC A02/MF A01
Kspone: Toxlclty and Bloaccumulatlon In Blue
Crabs. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Steven C. Schlmmel, James M. Patrick, Jr., Linda F.
Faas, Jerry L. Oglesby, and Alfred J. Wilson, Jr. 1979,
9p EPA-600/J-79-057, CONTRIB-349
Pub. in Journal of Estuaries v2 n1 p9-16 Mar 79,
Two long-term studies were conducted to determine
toxlclty, uptake and duration of Kepone In blue crabs
(Calllnectes sapldus). In the first, Kepone was adminis-
tered to crabs in seawater 0.03 or 0.3 mlcrograms
Kepone/1 or food (eastern oyster, Crassostrea virgin-
ica, containing 0.25 micrograms/g Kepone). Uptake of
Kepone in 28 days was primarily through the contami-
nated oysters. When these crabs were held In Kepone-
free seawater and fed Kepone-free oysters for 28
days, no loss of the insecticide was evident. There
were adverse effects on molting and survival in crabs
fed oysters that contained 0.25 mlcrograms/g
Kepone. A second study was conducted to determine:
(1) the depuration of Kepone over a 90-day period In
blue crabs fed oysters from the James River, Virginia
(containing 0.15 micrograms/g Kepone; and (2) the ef-
fects of Kepone on molting and survival of blue crabs
fed James River oysters or laboratory-contaminated
oysters that contained 0/15 or 1.9 micrograms/g
Kepone. Crabs fed Kepone-contaminated oysters fol-
lowed by a diet of Kepone-free oysters for 90 days had
detectable concentrations of the insecticide in tissues.
Also, blue crabs that ate oysters containing Kepone in
concentrations similar to those found in oysters from
the James River, died or molted less frequently than
crabs fed Kepone-free oyster meats.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Crabs, 'Pesticides, Aquatic
animals, Shellfish, Chlorine organic compounds, In-
secticides, Bioassay, Oyster, Bioassay, Reprints, Pes-
ticide residues, Bioaccumulation, Callinectes sapidus,
'Kepone, 'Toxic substances, Crassostrea virginica.
PB80-177835 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Sevln on Development of Experimental
Estuarlne Communities. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, H. K. Lehmann, and J. L.
Oglesby. 1979,11p EPA-600/J-79-060
Pub. in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Health 5 D643-651 1979. Prepared in cooperation with
West Florida Univ., Pensacola.
The composition of animal communities developing
from planktonic larvae In aquariums containing sand
and flowing estuarine water was altered in the pres-
ence of the carbamate insecticide Sevin (carbaryl).
Treatments were control and concentrations of Sevin
that averaged 1.1, 11.1, and 103 micrograms/l; each
treatment was replicated 8 times. Animals that colo-
nized aquarium sand were collected in a 1-mm mesh
sieve after 10 wk of exposure. Mollusks, arthropods,
annelids, and nemerteans were the numerically domi-
nant phyla. The average number of species per aquari-
um was significantly less in aquariums containing 11.1
or 103 micrograms/l than in those containing 1.1 mi-
crogrms or in control aquariums. The abundant clam
Ensis minor grew significantly less in length at the
December 1983 867
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
higher concentrations of Sevin. The amphipod Coro-
phium acherusicum was particularly affected; signifi-
cantly fewer were found at all concentrations than in
the control aquariums. A marked increase in the abun-
dance of the annelid Polydora ligni in aquariums con-
taining 103 micrograms/l corresponded to a marked
decrease in the number of other annelids and to a sig-
nificant absence of nemerteans.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Estuaries, 'Toxicology, In-
secticides, Aquatic animals, Mollusca, Plankton, Anne-
lida, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Reprints,
'Carbaryl, Carbamic acid/methyl-(naphthyl-ester),
Ensis minor, Corophium acherusicum, Poly dora ligni,
Amphipoda, "Toxic substances.
PB80-177843 PC A02/MF A01
Use of the Grass Shrimp 'Palaemonetes pugio' In
a Life-Cycle Toxlclty Test. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Dana Beth Tyler-Schroeder. 1979,14pEPA-600/J-79-
061
Pub. in Journal of Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 667
p159-170 1979.
A methodology for using the estuarine grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio) in life-cycle toxicity tests was
successfully developed. Life-cycle exposures of juve-
nile shrimp (12 to 19 mm In rostrum-telson length) to
the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide endrin were
begun in November 1976 and completed in March
1977. After the juveniles matured and spawned, the ef-
fects on their progeny were determined. Tests were
conducted in a flow-through seawater system, using a
modified Mount and Brungs diluter. The average
measured exposure concentrations were 0 (control),
0.03, 0.05, 0.11, 0.18, 0.38, and 0.79 micrograms
endrin/litre seawater. The juveniles reached sexual
maturity during the first two weeks of the exposure.
Thereafter, a photoperiod regime was used to induce
reproduction, and the effects of endrin on the survival,
growth, and reproduction of the parent generation
were determined. Larvae spawned by control and ex-
posed parents were continuously exposed until the ju-
venile stage (7 to 20 m in rostrum-telson length). The
effects on survival, length of larval development, and
growth of the F1 generation were determined.
Keywords: 'Shrimp, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Shell-
fish, Life cycle, Exposure, Endrin, Chlorine organic
compounds, Concentration(Composition), Survival,
Growth, Reproductlon(Biology), Aquatic animals,
Chemical properties, Reprints, Palaemonetes pugio,
Dimethanonaphthalenes, "Toxic substances.
PB80-177868 PC A02/MF A01
Selected Toxicologies! Studies of Dlmllln In
Weanling Male Rats. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Yogendra M. Patel, and John A. Santolucito. Feb 80,
18pEPA-600/3-80-031
The effects of the subacute doses of Dimilin (1(4-
chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluoropbenzyl)urea) on the re-
productive system of weanling male rats were exam-
ined over a period of 96 days. The parameters evaluat-
ed were: plasma testosterone level, growth of repro-
ductive organs (testes, prostate, seminal vesicles) and
adrenal glands, and histological examination of tissues
for pathological changes associated with the adminis-
tration of Dimilin. The animals, 25 days old, were given
0,15,150, and 300 milligrams/kilogram/day of Dimilin
suspension in vegetable oil by intragastric intubation
for a period of 0,14,28,42, and 96 days. The data indi-
cate that Dimilin had no adverse effects on body
weight or organ weights of weanling rats, but a de-
crease in circulating testosterone in the plasma of ani-
mals of prepubertal age was noted. However, this
effect of Dimilin began to disappear with the onset of
puberty. The histological examination of the test ani-
mals with lower circulating testerone in plasma failed
to reveal any Dimilin-induced changes in interstitial or
germinal cells. On the basis of these observations, it is
concluded that Dimilin, at 15,150, and 300 mg/kg/day
dosage levels, transiently depresses the testosterone
in plasma in the prepubertal period, yet has no delay-
ing effects on the development of the reproductive
organs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reproductive system, Histology, Pathology,
Signs and symptoms, Bioassay, Tissues(Biology),
Dosage, Ingestion(Biology), Insecticides, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Adrenal glands, Testosterone,
Ureas, 'Toxic substances, Dimilin, Benzamide/N-
(((chlorophenyl) amino) carbonyl)-difluoro.
PB80-177876 PCA15/MFA01
Proceedings Stormwater Management Model
(SWMM) Users Group Meeting, January 10-11,
1980. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Harry C. Torno. Mar 80,337p* EPA-600/9-80-017
See also PB-290 742.
This report includes fifteen papers, on topics related to
the development and application of computer-based
mathematical models for water quantity and quality
management, presented at the semi-annual meeting
of the Joint U.S.-Canadian Stormwater Management
Model (SWMM) Users Group, held 10-11 January
1980 in Gainesville, Florida. Topics covered include a
description of two urban runoff models, an examina-
tion of runoff quality algorithms in the SWMM, a discus-
sion of improvements to the Extended Transport
(EXTRAN) portion of the SWMM, applications of sev-
eral urban drainage models in planning, analysis and
design, and a comparison of the Rational Method and
the SWMM.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Mathemati-
cal models, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings,
Overflows, Reservoirs, Water storage, Drainage,
Volume, Urban areas, Design, Rainfall, Pipes, Comput-
er programming, 'Storm water runoff, Model studies,
Urban hydrology, Nonpoint sources, Best manage-
ment practices, SWMM model.
PB80-177942 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Energy/Environment IV: Proceedings of the Na-
tional Conference on the Interagency Energy/En-
vironment R and 0 Program (4th) Held at Wash-
ington, DC on June 7-8,1979. Decision series,
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, MD. Vitro
Labs. Div.
Francine S. Jacoff, Elinor Voris, and Gary M. Sitek. Oct
79,311 p* EPA-600/9-79-040
Contract EPA-68-01 -2934
See also PB-290 558.Color illustrations reproduced in
black and white.
Energy/Environment IV provides an update of Inter-
agency reseach programs in particular areas, including
health effects, transport processes and ecological ef-
fects, mining methods and reclamation, control tech-
nology and integrated technology assessment. Com-
plete texts of all papers are presented, along with ad-
dresses, panel discussions, and question and answer
periods. The volume is illustrated with tables and fig-
ures.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Oil pol-
lution, Public health, Ecology, Mining, Monitoring, Elec-
tric power generation, Coal, Combustion products, En-
vironmental impacts, Land reclamation, Technology
assessment, Proceedings, Energy source develop-
ment, Solid wastes.
PB80-178163 PC AOS/MF A01
Federal Laboratories and Research Facilities with
Noise Capabilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 79,92p EPA-550/9-79-312
This directory provides government officials and
others a basic reference guide to various Federal lab-
oratories and research facilities having noise research
and/or noise testing capabilities. The Environmental
Protection Agency is publishing it pursuant to its re-
sponsibilities under the Noise Control Act of 1972 (PL
92-574) and the Quiet Communities Act of 1978 (PL
95-609).
Keywords: 'Laboratories, 'Research projects,
'Acoustic measurement, Research management, En-
vironmental engineering, Noise(Sound), Acoustic
measuring instruments, Anechoic chambers, Test fa-
cilities, Directories, Noise pollution, 'Government
agencies, 'Government laboratories.
PB80-178288 PC A99/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. .
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: Fluidlzed-bed Combustion.
Final rept. Jun 78-Jul 79,
OCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
C. W. Young, J. M. Robinson, C. B. Thunem, and P. r.
Fennelly. Nov 79,633p* EPA-600/7-79-178E
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
See also PB80-174055, and PB80-152606.
The report gives results of an assessment of the app'1'
cability of atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion
(AFBC) to industrial boilers. It is one of a series of re-
New Source Performance Standard for air pollutant
emissions from the boilers. It reviews the developrnej"
status and performance of S02, NOx, and particulaw
control options for AFBC; selects the most promising
systems for control; and estimates the cost, energy*
and environmental impacts of the most promising syS'
terns.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Boils'*'
'Fluidized bed processors, Industrial wastes, Comcus-
tion products, Technical assessments, Performance
evaluation, Cost analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Nitroge"
oxides, Particles, Environmental impacts, Comparison,
Scrubbers, Energy consumption, Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Fabric filters.
PB80-178338 PC,Ari!
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research tri-
angle Park, NC. . j.i
Evaluation of the Real-Time Air-Quality Mod*'
Using the RAPS (Regional Air Pollution Study)
Data Base.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Feb80,287p-in4v _aan.
Set includes PB80-178346, PB80-178353, PB8°
178361, and PB80-178379.
No abstract available.
PB80-178346 PC A03/MF AOl
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research i'r
angle Park, NC. ^.i
Evaluation of the Real-Time Alr-Ouallty Mod"1
Using the RAPS (Regional Air Pollution StiwS
Data Base. Volume 1. Overview. Final rept. Aug "
Apr 79,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. _.
Ronald E. Ruff. Feb 80,30p 6868-FR-VOL-1, EPA-
600/4-80-013A
Contract EPA-68-02-2770
See also Volume 2, PB80-178353.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12,
178338.
The theory and programming of statistical
evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model
using the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) «"?
base are fully documented in four report volurVhar
Moreover, the tests are generally applicable to o«'
model evaluation prob|ems. Volume 1 Presen!r,i(i.
overview of the tests, displays, software, and apP"
tion of the resulting statistical package.
Keywords: 'Airpollution, 'Mathematical models, Eq-
uation, Plumes, Sulfur dioxra"'
Concentration(Composition), Computer programrnn'»
RAM model, Gaussian plume models.
PB80-178353 PC A04/MF AOl
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Real-Time Air-Quality
Using the RAPS (Regional Air Pollution
Data Base. Volume 2. Statistical Procedures.'
rept. Aug 77-Apr 79,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Harold S. Javitz, and Ronald E. Ruff. Feb 80,57p
6868-FR-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-02-2770 , ._- 3,
See also Volume 1, PB80-178346 and Volume
PB80-178361. pago-
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E12, YU
178338.
The theory and programming of statistical tfl*
evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model
868 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"*ing the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data
oase are fully documented in four volumes. Moreover,
m.i sts are generally applicable to other model eval-
•f™" problems. Volume 2 presents the tests consid-
onn i evaluating air-quality simulation models in
^n. and tnose that would be useful in evaluating
iJ ii Tne capi&iiity of the RAM to predict sulfur df
o2) concentrations was of particular interest.
tlnn tasts for D0tn intermediate and final evalua-
,°ns are recommended, with accompanying descrip-
cnnL tormats, plots, and procedures to establish
wwiaence limits. Discussion focuses on the mathe-
to«» ' Procedures, and interpretation of the individual
£T..;Jneir relevance to the project objectives; and
WSsible trade-offs among tests.
!LT"?rcls: *Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Sta-
"sncal analysis, Evaluation, Plumes, Sulfur dioxide,
pl^entrationfComposition), RAM model, Gaussian
PB80-178361 PC A07/MF A01
B™ 'oriental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
2"9lePark,NC.
U,?'uatlon of the Real-Time Air-Quality Model
Q*'.n9 the RAPS (Regional Air Pollution Study)
rent * "• Volume 3. Program User's Guide. Final
S?/ug77-Apr79,
S"' international, Menlo Park, CA.
SM E- Ruff. Hisao Shigeishi, and Rodney H. Allen.
£8080, 141p6868-FR-VOL-3, EPA-600/4-80-013C
^ntractEPA.68-02-2770
PBsn8 v°lume 2, PB80-1 78353 and Volume 4,
AU i i 178379. Prepared in cooperation with Comp-
, •' Research Triangle Park, NC.
S6t 4 rep°rts PC E12p PB8°"
eu=i th.eorv and programming of statistical tests for
i»S atLn8 the Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM)
£'"9 the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data
u™J are fully documented in four volumes. Moreover,
uatiA s are generally applicable to other model eval-
in th n Prob|ems. Volume 3 presents the software used
«' ,ln6 statistical tests for evaluating the RAM. Six sta-
or»» .tests are described, with attention to the pro-
revlB ni Philosophy behind them. Also presented is a
fftrnf* °' *ne auxiliary software that sort, retrieve,
grrt)at, and display the data.
s: * Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Eval-
Conr"' . Plumes, Sulfur dioxide,
RAM entratl°n(Composition), Computer programs,
itan, .""Odel, Gaussian plume models, User
"»nuals(Computer programs).
PC A04/MF A01
«f»le0pmenta' Sc|ences Research Lab., Research Tri-
u!?'"at)°n of the Real-Time Air-Quality Model
D«t.8«,th* RAPS (Regional Air Pollution Study)
Auo7?a,M- Volume 4. Evaluation Guide. Final rept.
-
l, Menlo Park, CA.
< tt- Feb 80, 59p 6868-FR-VOL-4, EPA-
-80-013D
8?r*actEPA-68-02-2770
Volumes, PB80-178361.
S9t °f 4 rep0rt8 PC E12> PB8°"
evai,,th.aorv and programming of statistical tests for
U8lnn JL"9 tne Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM)
baao the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data
the it L . fullv documented In four volumes. Moreover,
uatk)n ""^ generally applicable to other model eyal-
procedure for evaluating an air-quality model
vm e of the different reasons for evaluating models
Pfoca any subjective decisions to be made during the
Wide, • However, guidelines are presented to cover a
pfoT van.ety of evaluation needs, with attention to data
PlieSi lon' classification, analysis, selection and ap-
"letrvSi" ot te.sts' ar!d interpretation of results. Several
WB °' diagnosing causes of poor model perform-
But. Oare discussed and some sample program out-
18 are also provided.
"9&rds: *Air Pollution, 'Mathematical models, Eyal-
CJorico' Plumes, Sulfur dioxide,
^AMnl?'ra''°n(Composition), Computer programming,
w nrtodel, Gaussian plume models.
PB80-178452 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance of Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion
(FBC) H2S04 Measurements. Final rept. May 77-
Aug 78,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
T. R. Acciani, and R. F. Maddalone. Jul 79, 35p EPA-
600/7-79-154
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of a study to: evaluate existing
data on H2SO4 measurements from fluidized-bed
combustion (FBC) processes; determine the true value
of the H2SO4 concentration which might have been
obtained had the control condensation (Goksoyr/
Ross) procedure been used; and run a material com-
patibility study to find alloys that can be used to fabri-
cate a controlled condensation sampling system. The
sampling system at Exxon's FBC facility was reviewed:
H2SO4 values are about 12% low with another reduc-
tion of 10-25% because of low sampling temperatures
and Balstrpn filters. The control condensation system
with an acid/base titration using bromophenol blue as
the indicator is the recommended sampling/analysis
method for H2SO4 sampling at the Exxon facility. Con-
struction material for the controlled condensation
system can be 316L stainless steel, which had the
best performance when subjected to various tests
used to simulate an FBC environment and will easily
withstand the pressures found at the Exxon facility.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, *Fluidized bed proc-
essing, 'Sulfuric acid, Concentration(Compositiqn),
Quality assurance, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Volumetric analysis, Sampling, *Air pollution
detection, Stationary sources.
PB80-178783 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Integrated Assessment of Texas Lignite Develop-
ment. Volume I. Technical Analyses.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
May 79,383p EPA-600/7-79-11 •( A
Grant EPA-R-806359-01
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Texas Energy Advisory Council,
Austin.See also Volume 2, PB80-178791.
This report contains the results of a project to assess
the probable impacts of expected future development
of Texas lignite resources. This multi-disciplinary,'
policy-oriented study considered possible lignite ex-
traction and utilization options through the year 2000.
The research team attempted to identify and charac-
terize the major environmental, socio-economic, public
health and Institutional impacts which could result from
this process and the policy issues created or aggravat-
ed by these Impacts. Alternative solutions to policy
problems are outlined with probable consequences of
each. Volume I contains Technical Analyses, includ-
ing: evaluation of the potential for use of lignite, the
likely siting patterns of lignite facilities, and the envi-
ronmental and socio-economic impacts of lignite use.
Keywords: 'Lignite, 'Coal, Environmental Impacts, Air
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Water
consumption, Social effects, Economic impact, Utiliza-
tion, Site surveys, Industrial plants, Constraints, Texas,
'Energy source development, Resource development,
Solid wastes, Socio-economic factors.
PB80-178791 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Integrated Assessment of Texa* Lignite Develop-
ment. Volume II. Policy Analyses.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
May 79,186p EPA-600/7-79-111B
Grant EPA-R-806359-01
See also Volume 1, PB80-178783. Sponsored in part
by Department of Energy, Washington, DC., and Texas
Energy Advisory Council, Austin.
Volume II contains Policy Analyses which identify
major public policy issues related to lignite use in
Texas, and discuss the alternative policies available
for resolving the issues.
Keywords: 'Lignite, 'Coal, Environmental Impacts, Air
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Water
consumption, Social effect, Economic impact, Govern-
ment policies, National government, State govern-
ment, Texas, 'Energy source development, Resource
development, Solid wastes, Socio-economic factors.
PB80-178809 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
An Integrated Assessment of Texas Lignite De-
velopment. Volume IV. Executive Summary,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. C. Lacy, R. J. Davis, F. H. Sheffield, R. L. Leonard,
and J. R. Stewart. Apr 79,43p EPA-600/7-79-1110
Grant EPA-R-806539-01
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Environment, and Texas Energy Ad-
visory Council, Austin.
This document is organized along the lines of the four
major steps--or tasks-involved in the assessment:
The Development Scenario task attempts to deter-
mine how much lignite development might occur and
what factors influence this development; The Siting
Analysis task seeks to determine where lignite and
coal use is likely to occur and whether the projected
number of lignite and cpal facilities can be accommo-
dated given several key siting limitations; The Impact
Analysis task identifies probable environmental and
socioeconomic impacts which are likely to occur
based on the magnitude of development and siting
patterns indicated in the first two tasks; The Policy
Analysis task identifies the major policy issues which
relate to each of the three preceding tasks and as-
sesses alternative means of resolving the issues
based on various policy objectives.
Keywords: 'Lignite, 'Coal, Environmental impacts, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Site
surveys, Policies, Planning, Texas, 'Energy source de-
velopment, Resource development, Socio-economic
factors, Solid wastes.
PB80-178999 PC A03/MF A01
EPA-Volkawagen Light Duty Diesel Correlation
Study, 1979. Correlation rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. En-
gineering Operation Div.
Carl Scarbro. 1980,31 p EPA-AA-EOD-80-1
In response to a meeting with representatives of
Volkswagen on September 14, 1979, a correlation
study was organized to characterize some of the fac-
tors causing hydrocarbon offsets during the 1980
dlesel certification program. (Volkswagen read 40%
lower hydrocarbon emissions than EPA). The hypothe-
sis presented at this time by Volkswagen were: (1) off-
sets do not occur because of sample line variations
from lab to lab and (2) offsets are caused by diesel fuel
composition differences between EPA's fuel and
Volkswagen-Wolfsburg's fuel. These two hypotheses
were tested in two separate experiments at EPA as
part of the correlation study. In November, Volks-
wagen brought two vehicles to the United States and
requested EPA to do a series of six Hot LA-4s on each
vehicle at the EPA facility. This report is the summary
of the three different studies performed In cooperation
with EPA plus the results of Independent Volkswagen
cooling fan experiments. These studies Included simi-
lar vehicles and facilities, but addressed different cor-
relation cause/effect relationships.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Diesel
engines, Exhaust gases, Hydrocarbons, Diesel fuels,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Cooling fans,
Volkswagen vehicles, Motor vehicles(1979 models).
PB80-179005 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Microcosm Re-
search. Proceedings of the Workshop Held at
Athens, Georgia on September 18-19, 1979. Final
rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Rizwanul Haque, J. Vincent Nabholz, and Michael G.
Ryon. Apr 80,31p ORNL/EIS-160, EPA-600/9-80-019
This workshop, held at Athens, Georgia, on 18-19 Sep-
tember 1979, was to aid the Office of Environmental
Processes and Effects Research (OEPER) in evaluat-
ing and integrating microcosm research in the OEPER
environmental research laboratories. Participants dls-
December 1983 869
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cussed the design, advantages, and limitations of mi-
crocosms; the value and potential role of microcosms
in the regulatory decision-making process; the Identifi-
cation of priority and long-term research needs to
refine microcosm methodology as a data source for
hazard and risk assessments; and the creation of a mi-
crocosm technology committee to assist OEPER in co-
ordinating and integrating microcosm research.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, 'Marine biology, "Ecolo-
gy, "Meetings, Research projects, Terrain, Evaluation,
Decision making, Recommendations, "Microcosms,
Priorities.
PB80-179146 PC A05/MF A01
Recommended Practice for Determining Exhaust
Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles Under Tran-
sient Conditions. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France, William Clemmens, and Tad Wysor.
Feb 79,84p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-08
This recommended practice represents the comple-
tion of one phase of EPA's transient cycle develop-
ment effort. The finalized chassis procedures detailed
here parallel the engine test procedures recently pub-
lished as subpart N of the Heavy-Duty Notice of Pro-
posed Rulemaking (NPRM). The engine test will
remain for EPA the primary means of determining tran-
sient heavy-duty emissions; however, the chassis test
will be available when total-vehicle testing is desired
(for example, for a radically new engine design, for in-
use programs, or perhaps for future durability testing
on in-service vehicles). This report contains a bibliog-
raphy of EPA technical reports and contract reports
which document various aspects of the chassis driving
cycle and engine cycles' development.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Exhaust emissions, Performance
tests, Dynamometers, Calibration, Inspection, Mainte-
nance, Air pollution, "Heavy duty vehicles.
PB80-179252 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
The Chesapeake Bay Program. Project Summa-
ries. Final rept. 21 Jun-28 Sep 79,
Qeomet, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.
Harry W. Wells, William C. Allen, and Harry E. Reactor.
Oct 79,86p GEOMET-ES-790, EPA-600/8-79-030
Contract EPA-68-01 -4144
'The Chesapeake Bay Program, Project Summaries,'
is a compilation of 44 1-page reports assembled to
give the reader administrative data including perform-
ing organization, principal investigator, project officer,
project period, project number and funding and sum-
maries discussing the objectives, scientific approach,
and products for each projects. The report is divided
into seven separate areas: (1) Toxics, (2) SAV, (3) Eu-
trophication, (4) Environmental Management, (5) State
Participation, (6) Public Participation, and (7) Data
Management. Each area includes a brief introduction
explaining the Importance of the study in relation to the
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Keywords: "Project planning, "Research projects,
•Chesapeake Bay, Management, Toxicity, Aquatic
plants, Distribution(Property), Abundance, Water pollu-
tion, Potomac River, Watersheds, Land use, Assess-
ments, Citizen participation, Water quality, Objectives,
Budgeting, Organizations, Pesticides, Personnel, Doc-
umentation, Eutrophication, Habitats.
PB80-179286 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development Study of a Novel Continuous-flow
Impactor. Final rept. Jul 76-Nov 78,
TRW Systems and Energy, Redondo Beach, CA.
E. F. Brooks, N. Gat, M. E. Taylor, T. E. Chamberlain,
and R. J. Golik. Jan 80,127p EPA-600/7-80-014
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report gives results of a development study involv-
ing feasibility verification of a novel particle impactor In
which the impaction surface is the interface between
two opposing jets. Particles (which would impact a
solid surface in a standard impactor) cross the inter-
face between the aerosol-laden gas and a previously
particle-free gas, are entrained in the latter, and are
conveyed out for analysis. Work consisted of an initial
literature search and analysis to determine the likeli-
hood of success, followed by design, fabrication, and
testing of a laboratory unit. A good particle separation
capability was demonstrated. Upon completion of the
laboratory tests, a design effort showed the feasibility
of a staged in situ particle monitoring subsystem to
give semlcontinuous (nominal 1 minute cycle time)
output of particle size distribution, among other appli-
cations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particles, 'Impactors, "Con-
tinuous sampling, Design, Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particle size
distribution, Separation, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Sur-
faces, "Air pollution sampling, Stationary sources.
PB80-179302 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ambient Hydrocarbon and Ozone Concentration*
Near a Refinery, Benlcla, California, 1975. Final
rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
Ken Sexton, and Hal Westberg. Feb 80,214p EPA-
600/7-80-028
Contract EPA-68-02-2239
As part of an effort to characterize airborne emissions
from petroleum refineries, an ambient air monitoring
study was conducted near the Exxon refinery at Bem-
cia, California, during September 8-22,1975. Ground-
level sampling facilities and an airplane equipped with
air pollutant monitoring instruments provided an Inte-
grated, three dimensional monitoring network. Meas-
urements included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, meth-
ane, carbon monoxide, Individual C2-C6 hydrocar-
bons, halocarbons, condensation. Increased concen-
trations of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, conden-
sation nuclei and nitrogen oxides, as well as de-
creased ozone levels were observed less than five
miles from the refinery. At distances greater than 5
miles, elevated condensation nuclei ana hydrocarbons
were still observed but no discernible differences from
background could be detected in NOx, O3, and CO.
Keywords: "Refineries, "Hydrocarbons, "Ozone, Pe-
troleum products, Concentration(Composition), Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Monitor-
ing, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide. Methane,
Sites, California, "Air pollution sampling,
Benicia(California).
PB80-179310 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design and Performance of an Aeroaol Maes Dis-
tribution Monitor. Final rept. 1977-1979,
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Grafschaft (Germany, F.R.).
Inst. of Toxicology and Aerosol Research.
W. Stober, F. J. Monig, H. Flachsbart, and N.
Schwarzer. Mar 80,53p EPA-600/2-80-053
Contract EPA-R-803592
An aerosol mass monitor has been built to measure
the masses of non-volatile aerosols in the range of
0.05 to 5 micrometers aerodynamic particle diameter.
The instrument consists of a newly designed spiral
duct aerosol centrifuge equipped with highly sensitive
quartz sensors for in situ weighing of the deposited
aerosol masses. The instrument further includes a
clean air device for maintaining constant aerosol flow
conditions, and electronic parts for the operation of the
quartz sensors. The mass of aerosol deposited on the
quartz crystals Is automatically measured by an elec-
tronic counter while the rotor of the centrifuge contin-
ues spinning. The data are handled by a microproces-
sor.
Keywords: "Monitors, "Aerosols, Design, Performance
evaluation, Particle size, Air pollution, Centrifuges,
Laboratory equipment, "Air pollution detection.
PB80-179328 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Toxlctty of Leachates. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. L. Epler, F. W. Larimer, T. K. Rao, E. M. Burnett, and
W. H. Griest. Mar 80,144p EPA-600/2-80-057
The report represents a multidlsciplinary effort to es-
tablish a data base for evaluation of the toxicity of ex-
tracts from solid wastes representative of various in*
dustries. Seventeen solid wastes and an arsenic-con-
taminated groundwater were studied. The solid wa8Jf
samples were subjected to the extraction procedure
proposed in the Federal Register on December 10.
1978 (43 FR 58956), and the resulting extracts were
characterized. Analytical chemical methodologies
were evaluated to determine their suitability for the use
in analysis of the waste extracts, and procedures were
established for preparing organic concentrates fronj
the extracts. Screening assays for toxicity to aquatic
organisms and terrestrial plants were evaluated io>
use in characterization of waste extracts. Short term in
vitro mutagenicity bioassays were evaluated and ap-
plied to testing the waste extracts.
Keywords: "Leaching, "Waste disposal, "Toxicology.
Methodology, Bioassay, Solid wastes, Assessments,
Chemical analysis, Selection, Industrial wastes, eval-
uation, Analytical methods, "Toxic substances.
PB80-179336 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Ckxannwi.
OH
Investigations of Blodegradablllty and Toxlctty °f
Organic Compounds. Final rept. 1975-79, .
Institute of Meteorology and Water Managemen,
Warsaw (Poland). Dept. of Water Chemistry and BIOI-
ogy.
Jan R. Dojlido. Dec 79, 1 18p EPA-600/2-79-163
Grant EPA-PR-05-532-1 5 ;
The development of elaborate industrial societies ha*'
led to proliferation of a vast number of complex one n*-
cals for industrial, agricultural and domestic use. &orn»
portion of these compounds eventually find their ww
Into municipal and industrial wastewater. Unless spr
ciflcally removed by waste treatment processes, ww.
ultimately appear In receiving waters and wateru!|jS. '
plies, thus no longer is it sufficient to remove
cal oxygen demand to protect the oxygen resourc*"'
the receiving water but individual organic c.ompour"
become a concern. Knowledge of the toxi
degradability of organic compounds will aid i
ing wastewater treatment processes and be orv
elaborating the criteria for safe concentrations PJ ^L
ganics In wastewaters discharged to surface wa;rjg
This report describes the testing of twelve compou'w
both for biodegradability and toxicity. The compouno
tested were: methylethyl ketone, dimethyl smn«U£
methyl foramide, p-nltrophenol, o-chloropnanak "**T
lorophenol, 2,2'dichlorodiethyl ether and ^."""2.
cent whitening agents used as components °' ""ilL-H
hold detergents. The biodegradation tests perforn^;
were respirometric measurements, river model an°_.
tivated sludge model. Additionally, for some co"
pounds supplementary tests were made for evaiu«"~
w
of their volatility, photolysis and adsorption on acww
ed sludge. The toxicity was measured with use 01 n»
Lebistes reticulatus and crustacean Daphnia rnagn*
Keywords: "Blodeterioration, "Toxicology
compounds, Water pollution, Activated sludge P "K
ess, Industrial waste treatment, Sewage treatment,
trogen organic compounds, Chlorine °'9
pounds, Methyl ethyl ketone, Nltrophenols,
, , , ,..
dation, Water pollution control, Amine/dimetM rw
mide/dlmethyl, Phenol/chloro, Phenol/tncn"1
Ether/dichtoro-diethyl.
PB80-179344
Industrial Environmental Research
OH.
Toxicity Reduction Through Chemical «nd,S{!!2*
leal Modification of Spent Pulp Bleaching uqu"
Final rept. 21 Sep 76-20 Sep 79, ,., od-
State Univ. of New York Coll. of Environmental *~
ence and Forestry, Syracuse. . n,,rkln
Carlton Dence, Chun-Juan Wang, and Patnck Duriw
Jan 80,113p EPA-600/2-80-039
Grant EPA-R-804779
Chlorophenols similar to or identical with those det
ed In spent chlorlnation and caustic extraction,w"^
were synthesized and tested over a range °'c"/ ^v
trations to determine their effect on the 9'°*^ du<#-
consisted of the application of pure cultures °(*,.--
dlfferent fungi and a mixed microblal pppu'aW wkii
riods ranging up to 15 days. Degradation vanw "
among the various phenols and for the same i
870 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
treated with different fungi. Spent chlorination and
caustic extraction liquors were subjected to a variety of
chemical treatments and the resulting effects on acute
wxlcity determined. Treatment with elemental chlo-
nne, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, ozone and hy-
jjrogen peroxide produced increases in the toxicity of
me spent liquor. Biological treatment of spent chlorina-
J'on and caustic extraction liquors involved the applica-
tion of a fungus (Candida utilis), an unidentified bacteri-
um, and a mixed microbial population, together with
supplemental carbon sources. Toxicity reduction
'"rough modification of conventional chlorination and
caustic extraction bleaching stages was also evaluat-
Keywords: 'Paper industry, "Fungi, "Phenols, 'Chlo-
JPJ organic compounds, 'Water pollution control,
Mltorination, Bacteria, Bleaching, Extraction, Microor-
ganisms, Toxicity, Algae, 'Biological industrial waste
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The objective of this program were identification of the
potential hazards associated with the production and
use of industrial organic chemicals (IOC) and organic
dyes and pigments (OOP) and determination of the
state of the art of the control and treatment of poten-
tially hazardous waste generated during manufacture
and use of these materials. The major study outputs
are comprehensive master tables of 510 IOC, 142
OOP raw materials, 722 OOP intermediates and 1458
dyes and pigments containing correlated compounds
identification, toxicity data, chemical production proc-
ess information. Eight 'priority rating lists containing
chemicals ranked in order of quantitative toxicity or
production data and twelve 'priority' lists with chemi-
cals presented alphabetically were extracted from the
master tables. Although about 150 compounds are
thus shown to pose potential toxic hazards, the toxicity
data were found to vary widely in both availability, and
in precision where available in replicate. Consequently
these simplistically prepared lists must be used with
caution. Pollution control and waste treatment technol-
ogies applicable to these industries are discussed and
summarized, but 'best' technologies for specific com-
pounds/processes are not specified.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Chemical industry,
•Textile industry, "Environmental surveys, Industrial
wastes, Manufacturing, Dyes, Air pollution, Water pol-
lution. Solid wastes, Pigments, Pollution control, Tech-
nology, Toxicity, Sites, Utilization, Tables(Data), List-
ings.
PB80-180664 PC A02/MF A01
Investigation Into Hydrogen Sulflde Odor Problem
on a Privately-Owned, Catalytic Converter-
Equipped 1975 Automobile. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 75,8p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-26
The Michigan-Ohio District Office of the Environmental
Protection Agency was contacted in April, 1975 by a
person living in the Cleveland, Ohio area about the un-
pleasant odor emanating from his brand-new 1975
catalytic converter-equipped Plymouth Gran Fury. The
odor had been noticeable from the time the owner took
delivery of the car, and was at its worst when the car
was idling or moving in dense traffic, according to the
owner. Along with the unpleasant odor, irritations of
the throat and nose were experienced by the owner
and his family. District Office personnel contacted the
Emission Control Technology Division for technical
advice on the problem. The owner was invited to bring
his car to the Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory
(MVEL) for a thorough Investigation. This report covers
that investigation, which took place in early June,
1975.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Catalytic converters, "Air
pollution, Air pollution control equipment, Odors, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption,
Performance tests, Motor vehlcles(1975 models),
Plymouth Gran Fury automobiles.
PB80-180672 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of XRQ Number 1 a Fuel Additive.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Feb 80,16p EPA-AA-TEB-80-
12
The Environmental Protection Agency receives infor-
mation about many systems which appear to offer po-
tential for emission reduction or fuel economy im-
provement. EPA invites developers of such systems to
provide technical and test data on the system. In those
cases for which review by EPA technical staff suggest
that the data available shows promise, attempts are
made to schedule tests at the EPA Motor Vehicle
Emission Laboratory. The results of all such test
projects are set forth in a series of Test and Evaluation
Reports, of which this report is one. In February, 1978
the EPA tested NRG No. 1, a fuel additive developed
and marketed by NRG International, Inc. of Clayville,
New York. Contrary to NRG's claims, the test results
showed 'neither a general increase in fuel economy
nor a decrease in emissions associated with the addi-
tion of NRG No. 1 to the fuel.' In response to a request
from the Federal Trade Commission for more in-depth
information on NRG No. 1 (now referred to as 'XRG
No. 1'), this new series of tests was performed.
Keywords: "Fuel additives, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, Performance tests, Automotive fuels,
Toluene, Alcohols, T test. Air pollution, XRG 1 fuel ad-
ditives, NRG 1 fuel additives.
PB80-180847 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of 'Wlthln-Vessel' Sewage Sludge
Composting Systems In Europe. Final rept. Feb-Jun
78.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Dec 79,111 p BATT-G-7016-0001, EPA-600/2-79-088
Contract EPA-68-03-2662
The objectives were: (1) To update a review of the
state of the art of sewage sludge composting in
Europe; (2) to evaluate a European-designed, continu-
ous, thermophilic, mechanical, aerobic, composting
system in Germany; and (3) to compare its cost to
those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Beltsville
static-pile, aerated composting system. This report ad-
dresses the general characteristics of the European
composting systems and a bioreactor in Hochheim am
Main, West Germany.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Sewage sludge, "Solid
waste disposal, Composts, Aerobic processes, Cost
analysis, Technology assessment, Europe, West Ger-
many, "Foreign technology.
PB80-181084 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modeling of Simulated Photochemical Smog with
Kinetic Mechanisms. Volume 2. CHEMK: A Com-
puter Modeling Scheme for Chemical Kinetics.
Final rept. Jul 78-Sep 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, and H. Hogo. Feb 80,115p EF78-107R,
EPA-600/3-80-028B
Contract EPA-68-02-2428
See also PB80-175102, and PB-290 508.
Mechanisms that describe the formation of photo-
chemical smog are developed using a computer mod-
eling technique directed toward the simulation of data
collected in two smog chambers: an indoor chamber
and a dual outdoor chamber. Individual compounds for
which specific experiments were simulated and mech-
anisms developed include the following: formalde-
hyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene, propylene, butane, and
toluene. Volume 2 contains the user's manual and
coding for a chemical kinetics computer program,
CHEMK.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Reaction kinetics, "Photo-
chemical reactions, Smog, Oxidizers, Formaldehyde,
Acetaldehyde, Ethylene, Propylene, Butane, Toluene,
Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Computer programs, Ordinary
differential equations, Numerical integration, "CHEMK
computer program. Photochemical oxidants, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, CDC-7600 computers.
PB60-181134 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatablllty and Assessment of Coal Conversion
Wastewaters. Phase I. Final rept. Sep 78-Sep 79,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
P. C. Singer, J. C. Lamb, III, F. K. Pfaender, and R.
Goodman. Nov79,194p EPA-600/7-79-248
GrantEPA-R-804917
The report gives Phase I results of (1) an assessment
of the environmental impact of wastewaters originating
from the production of synthetic fuels from coal, and
(2) an evaluation of alternative technologies for treat-
ing these wastewaters. Work on coagulation, adsorp-
tion, and preliminary biological treatment studies is
continuing. The major focus is on aerobic biological
treatment which is projected to be the principal means
of removing organic impurities from these wastewaters
and a cornerstone of any overall wastewater treatment
program. A synthetic wastewater, designed to simulate
a real conversion process wastewater, was fed to a
series of aerobic biological reactors. Design and oper-
ation of the reactors is described, along with perform-
ance data spanning two 6-month operating periods.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial waste
treatment, 'Waste water, 'Industrial water, Environ-
mental impacts, Coagulation, Adsorption, Aerob»
processes, 'Coal gasification plants, Syntheticfu8».
PB80-181159 PC A03/MFA01
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Emis-
sion Control Development Projects.
Sulfur Oxides Control In Japan, nc
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IA*
Office of Research and Development. ...
Charles H. Seek, and Bette Rohse. Nov 79,28p EPA-
600/9-79-043 .K
Sponsored in part by Tennessee Valley Author^
Muscle Shoals, AL. Emission Control Develop""';'
Projects., Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, w*
Prepared in cooperation with Calculon Corp., Inc., i*.
lington, VA.Color illustrations reproduced in blacK an"
white.
Sulfur oxides are generated from the burning 01 ios»
fuels. In Japan the major source of SO2 pollution "
from the burning of heavy fuel oil by the electric powj"
generating plants. The primary methods current
being practiced to control this pollution are flue gas <£'"
sulfurization (FGD) and burning low sulfur fu®'8-J.n
evaluate these advances for their potential applicwj'i.
in the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency org»
nized an industry/government task force to visit •J^L
to obtain first hand information on their expenenj^
with FGD systems. The task force members' ODSP,J5.
tions during that trip, their prior knowledge, and inw .
mation gathered from referenced sources compn°jj
this report. The first section provides an overview1"
the: Japanese energy status, SO2 pollution ernissw""-
control regulations, The general status of FGD apP^IIf
tions in the industrial and utility sectors, Comparison"
Japanese and U.S. experience. The second sf3,!,)
provides detailed technical information on selecwy
FGD installations visited including plant/FGD 8P^r!J
cations, performance information and process no
diagrams. An appendix provides further inforrnaw>
concerning members of the visiting task force, a I»^g
of plants visited, and numbers and capacities of r**
systems in Japan.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur
'Japan, Performance evaluation, Technolc
ards, Regulations, Electric power plants,
wastes, Combustion products, Monitoring, i •--,,„«
charting, Design, 'Foreign technology, "Air poliu"01
abatement, Flue gas desulfurization. :„
PB80-181175 PC A03/MF AOJ
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianfl1
Park, NC.
Teratology of a Zineb Formulation,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Robert D. Short, Jan L. Minor, Timothy M. Unger,
Bradley Breeden, and Dan VanGoethem. Feb 80,2»P
EPA-600/1-80-017
Contract EPA-68-02-2982
The purpose of the present study wa
teratogenic potential of a zineb formulation. An I"1"
toxicity study indicated that oral doses of 1,000 J »
2,000 mg/kg/day adversely affected the weight 9»»
of nonpregnant rats but not nonpregnant mice, in «^.
teratology study pregnant rats and mice received ** 'A
oral doses of 0, 200, 632, or 2,000 mg/kg from day ° ",
gestation until the day before C-section. Maternal «JV
fare, as monitored by body weight and food consu"*/
tion, was affected only in rats that received 2,000 rn»|
kg/day of the formulation. Evidence of embryo or >eir.
lethality was not present in rats or mice. However, '*.
tuses from rats that received 2,000 mg/kg/day ot «L
,
formulation had a reduced body weight. Some
lies were significantly increased in rats that rec
2,000 mg/kg/day of the formulation. These anornai"r
included hydrocephalus, split centra, incompletely " .
sified frontal bones, and enlarged occipital fon»n.
None of the anomalies observed in mice
creased to a statistically significant level in any <
groups treated with the formulation. This study in. .„
ed that the zineb formulation produced anomalwjj.
rats at doses which adversely affected maternal "Jv
fare. In addition, there was no evidence of teratoge"
city in mice treated with similar doses.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Fungicides, Congenital •**]£,
malities, Rats, Mice, Laboratory anin?uB-
Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Pregnancy, *T°x'
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PC A05/MF A01
lal Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Po*!T1.Ct£ir'zatlon of Scrubbed and Unscrubbed
rept Plumes: Three Case Studies. Final
Research, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.
Donald L Blurnenthal, and Jerry A.
m,easurements of scrubbed and unscrubbed
s from the Widows Creek Power Plant were
the an.?"' duri"9 August 17-25, 1978. The results of
casn «f. i818 °1 tne rneasurements taken during three
«w study days are described.
Warrt«°rd«ni *Air Pollution control, "Electric power
lnduSri.1 ume8- "Scrubbers, Combustion products,
ParBrS pastes, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Aerosols,
po*erP|' Particle size distribution, 'Widows Creek
PC A08/MF A01
nvlronrnental Research Lab., Research Tri-
,.
lor PM u °' 'ndustrlal Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
mint Q**lon* Control and Efficiency Improve-
KVB il Slt? E- F|nal rept. Nov 78-Jan 79,
P L'l . • Mlnneapolis, MN.
Qa5"8s]oen, J. O. Burlingame, and J. E.
0' 105pEPA/600/7-80/064A
ceniXjr PB8°-119340. Sponsored in part by Ameri-
°o«er Manufacturers Association, Arlington, VA.
on ar?i£,rt,Jives results of field measurements made
The ef£2. lb/hr coal-fired spreader-stoker boiler.
and o« • of various parameters on boiler emissions
averfiro • cv were studied. Parameters included
Mesi,,: ar' excess air, boiler load, and coal properties.
SOa ~ements included O2. CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2,
• controlled and uncontrolled paniculate loading,
hiTJ?,6 distribution of the uncontrolled flyash, and
anrt u c°ntent of the ash. In addition to test re-
t«Meri ;! observations, the report describes the facility
Thisunili fir?d' test equipment, and procedures.
*» cnrLk . "nique: it used paint oven exhaust gases
aflediS e.?tlon air- Paniculate loading on the unit aver-
Nftric«?J lb/mlllton Btu uncontrolled at high load.
'"Sh load erni8sions averaged 0.53 Ib/mlllion Btu at
4«[*ord8: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers, In-
Cjju* wastes, Combustion products, Oxygen,
°XidsXU>d!oxicle' Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxide T i\ Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur tri-
Bcl^J ablea(Data), Concentration(Composition), Par-
Field i»r.lsJrirjution, Performance evaluation, Fly ash,
~ I8«s, Sampling, 'Air pollution sampling.
-uuMri.1 c ' PC A10/MF A01
«ngiepa|Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
^hotA*5. ^*
Qtal^nfmlcal Study of NOx Removal from Stack
iJ^iFinal rept. Jan 77-Mar 79,
••ilina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
6pAn,?iRichards, and Donald L. Fox. Mar 80, 202p
c«| flSSjJ'ves results of an evaluation of the techni-
tjf Mrv;ID"rly of a photochemical pretreatment system
Wi* control at coal-fired boilers. The approach uti-
'«r DhX?6"0" mechanisms similar to those responsible
Ntfet£!oonemica| oxidant incidents. The reactions are
r? "nder controlled conditions while the pollut-
Z? at Ngn concentration and while the reaction
can Be removed. Results indicate that, under
"flht-Hmlted conditions, it is possible to
v2 th* Photochemical reactions at the NO2 peak
Otrtarr:lor to the formation of ozone, aerosols, and
NO Jl^ndary products. Photochemical oxidation of
Co^™88 Insensitive to SO2 concentration and CO2
IStion. The photochemical system appears
ble with conditions resulting from combustion
"~- to suppress NOx generation.
-Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
mteBl reactions, Flue gases, Feasibility, In-
1 wastes, Combustion products, Boilers, Oxida-
PB80-181472 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Prescribed Burning, State of
the Art. Final rept. Aug 75-Sep 79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
C. T. Chi, D. A. Horn, R. B. Reznik, J. M. Pierovich, and
L. G. Lavdas. Nov 79,122p' MRC-DA-931, EPA-600/
2-79-019H
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
Sponsored in part by Forest Service, Washington, DC.
This report summarizes reported data on air emissions
from prescribed burning, which is defined as the skillful
application of fire in forest and range management
under dbnditions that will confine the fire to a predeter-
mined area and accomplish certain planned benefits.
Prescribed fire is used on a seasonal basis in all re-
gions of the United States.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Forestry, Range grasses.
Range weeds, Forest fires, Vegetation, Carbon mon-
oxide, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydro-
carbons, Air pollution control, Management, Pre-
scribed burning, Particulates.
PB80-181589 MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Soil Genesis, Hydrologlcal Properties, Root Char-
acteristics and Mlcroblal Activity of 1- to 50-Year
Old Strlpmlne Spoils. Final rept. Oct 75-Jun 78,
Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman.
W. M. Senator, G. A. Nielsen, 0. J. Dolltiopf, and K.
Temple. Apr 79,233p USDA/SEA/CR-2,, EPA-600/7-
79-100
Available microfiche only because of poor quality.
Reclamation of goal strip-mined land is a major envi-
ronmental concern. The future of reclaimed land de-
pends on the long-term stability of the soli-vegetation
system on mined land. To evaluate some of the possi-
ble changes that occur In mine soils through time; soil
genesis, water flow patterns, root development, and
microbial activity were studied on natural soils and 1-
to 50-year-old minesoils. Similar soil development
processes occur in both minesoils and natural soils,
but because mine soils have a different origin, they will
probably always remain different than natural soils. Dif-
ferences in water flow patterns on minesoils and natu-
ral soils were attributed to plant community and soil
textural differences.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Soil properties, 'Microorga-
nisms, 'Spoil, 'Land reclamation, Surface mining,
Water flow, Coal mining, Vegetation, Plants(Botany),
Extraction, Water supply, Fluid infiltration, Humus, pH,
Soil structure, Growth, Soil chemistry.
PB80-181837 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
Quality Assurance Guidelines tor IERL-CI Project
Officers. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 79,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
Charles L. Stratton, and John D. Bonds. Dec 79,198p
EPA-600/9-79-048
Contract EPA-68-03-2656
The document provides guidelines to industrial Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati (IERL-CI)
Project Officers for (1) Incorporating quality assurance
(QA) criteria in contract procurement and grant
awards; (2) monitoring quality assurance of extramural
projects; and (3) conducting QA audits for projects In-
volving sampling and analysis activities. The Project
Officer's responsibilities are described for the initi-
ation, monitoring, and satisfactory conclusion of con-
tracts, research and demonstration grants, and coop-
erative agreements of the type normally funded by
IERL-CI. Guidance is provided to assure QA is ade-
quately addressed during project conception and solic-
itation and that prospective grantees are informed of
QA requirements. A technical evaluation system is pre-
sented for the evaluation of the QA aspects of propos-
als and grant applications. The basic elements of an
acceptable QA program and of a project QA plan are
described, and the Project Officer's role In QA monitor-
Ing is discussed. A procedure Is described for conduct-
ing QA audits of active protects. Checklists are includ-
ed to assist the Project Officer.
Keywords: 'Control administration, 'Quality assur-
ance, 'Research projects, Auditing, Grants, Project
management, Sampling, Environmental impacts, Qual-
ity control, Procurement, Project control, Data proc-
essing, Research management.
PB80-181860 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the National Clean Air Coalition
(NCAC) Dual Catalyst Pinto. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
May 75,11p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-24
The National Clean Air Coalition (NCAC), a non-profit
environmental organization, contacted the Environ-
mental Protection Agency about a prototype emission
control system they had developed and had operating
on a 1974 Ford Pinto. The system was aimed at emis-
sion levels of .41 grams per mile hydrocarbons (HC),
3.4 grams per mile carbon monoxide (CO), and .4
grams per mile oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Confirmatory
testing at the EPA laboratory was requested, and the
Emission Control Technology Division agreed to con-
duct an evaluation test program as part of its continual
technology assessment function. The EPA receives in-
formation about many systems which appear to offer
potential for emission reduction or fuel economy im-
provement. In those cases In which review by EPA
technical staff suggests that the data available shows
promise, attempts are made to schedule tests at the
EPA Emissions Laboratory. The results of all such test
programs are set forth in a series of Technology As-
sessment and Evaluation Reports, of which this report
is one.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution control equipment, Exhaust gases, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Technology
assessment.
PB80-181888 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Closed-cycle Textile Dyeing: Full-scale Hyparfll-
tratlon Demonstration (Design). Rept. for Sep 77-
Apr 79,
La France Industries, SC.
Craig A. Brandon. Mar 80,103p EPA-600/2-80-055
Grant EPA-S-805182
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-251188. Prepared In
cooperation with CARRE, Inc.
The report describes the first (design) phase of a full-
scale demonstration of hyperfiltratlon for closed-cycle
operations of a LaFrance Industries dye house. (The
remaining three phases are Installation, operation, and
maintenance.) The decision to demonstrate the proc-
ess was based on earlier projects that showed hyper-
filtration to be potentially economical for recycle/reuse
of energy, water, and chemicals in textile preparation,
dyeing, and wet finishing. On-slte pilot tests of three
hyperfiltratlon modules led to the selection of the Mott-
Brandon ZOPA module. Representative wash waters
from LaFrance dyeing operations were characterized
as a basis for demonstration equipment design. The
dye range Is to be converted to counterflow with a
water flow rate of 50 gpm at 82C, with 98% of the
wash water recovered as permeate for direct recycle.
Reuse and/or disposal of the concentrate and dye pad
residuals will require further study.
Keywords: 'Textile finishing, 'Water pollution control,
Filtration, Dyes, Circulation, Design, Waste water
reuse, Economic factors, Preparation, Equipment,
Flow rate, Waste disposal, Dyeing, 'Hyperfiltratlon,
Recycling.
PB80-181894 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Pilot Study - Uses of Medicare Morbidity Data In
Hearth Effects Research,
System Sciences, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Irwln J. Sniffer, and Edgar A. Parsons. Mar 80,127p
EPA-600/1-80-018
Contract EPA-68-02-2782
This project Is a pilot investigation of the practicability
of utilizing Social Security Administration (SSA) Medi-
care morbidity data to supplement mortality data in
cancer and other environmentally-related studies. For
this study non-confidential data on 1.2 million hospital-
December 1983 873
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
izations for 815,000 persons diagnosed as having a
neoplasm, respiratory, or digestive disease during
1971, 1972, and 1973 were included. The data are
kept current by SSA for their analysis purposes. The
Medicare files are the only known source that incorpo-
rates all cancer cases systematically, regardless of
whether the cancer is fatal. The Files facilitate analysis
of possible relationships between emissions of a spe-
cific industry and the disease(s) rates for the co-locat-
ed population. Numerous recommendations are made
for applying the Medicare files to additional analyses of
environment-to-health relationships. Prominent among
these are cancer hospitalization trends, by county,
augmented with cancer mortality trends, and available
emmissions/monitoring measures to identify areas of
cancer Increase/decrease possibly related to environ-
mental Influences.
Keywords: 'Morbidity, 'Medicare, Research, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Health insurance, Mortality, Emis-
sion, Data sources, Statistical data, Cancer, 'Health
statistics, Environmental health, Social Security Ad-
ministration.
PB80-181902 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Asseaament of Corrosion Product* from Once-
through Cooling Systems with Mechanical Antl-
foullng Devices. Final rept. Jan-Apr 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Charles M. Spooner. Jan 80,50p GCA-TR-79-46-G,
EPA-600/7-80-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
The report gives results of an assessment of corrosion
products from steam-electric power plant once-
through cooling systems equipped with mechanical
antifoullng devices. (About 67% of the currently oper-
ating plants in the U.S. use once-through cooling sys-
tems. Various cleaning mechanisms, used to minimize
the reduction of the thermal efficiency of heat ex-
change in the condenser tubes-caused by corrosion
and Eiofouling-include chemical and off-and on-line
mechanical methods.) On-line mechanical cleaning
may lead to increased levels of metals in the effluent
due to abrasion of the condenser tubes. Since some
abraded metals at sufficiently high concentrations
harm aquatic organisms and lead to other environmen-
tal damage, metal concentrations in cooling water dis-
charges which stem from on-line mechanical condens-
er tube cleaning systems need to be determined. This
report addresses the significance of this effect, based
mainly on comments from utilities experienced with the
Amertap system and from the manufacturer.
Keywords: 'Corrosion products, 'Water pollution,
Condenser tubes, Cleaning, Steam electric power gen-
eration, Electric power plants, Cooling systems, As-
sessments, Economic analysis, Fouling.
PB80-181910 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Total Partlculats Mass Emission Sampling Errore.
Final rept. Nov 76-Apr 77,
TRW Systems and Energy, Redondo Beach, CA.
E. F. Brooks. Jul 79, 52p EPA-600/7-79-155
Contract EPA-68-02-2165
The report gives a first-cut estimate of sampling errors
in the measurement of total particulate mass emis-
sions from stationary sources. IERL-RTP Procedures
Manual: Level 1 Environmental Assessment ex-
presses the desire to measure at accuracies within a
factor of + or - 2 to 3. Measurement errors are divided
into two general categories: sampling errors and analy-
sis errors. The report deals with evaluation of total par-
ticulate mass sampling errors, within the framework of
a system error analysis. The evaluation leads to a
ranking of individual error sources and estimates of
total system error. Analysis results show that a Level 1
should have a sampling accuracy of better than a
factor of + or - 2, with a confidence of 95%, except at
a control device outlet where the accuracy is more
likely to be a factor of + or - 3, especially if the control
device is an electrostatic precipitator.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Error analysis,
Sampling, Mass, Sources, 'Stationary sources.
PB80-181928 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Economic Impact of Vapor Control Regula-
tions on the Bulk Storage Industry. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Richard J. McCarthy. Jun 79, 243p EPA-450/5-80-001
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
considering regulations which would control total ben-
zene emissions on a national basis. A significant por-
tion of these benzene emissions is contained in the
gasoline vapors released during the normal gasoline
transfer operations of petroleum bulk terminals and
bulk plants. This report assesses economic impacts of
several vapor control strategies which woulcUreduce
the benzene emissions of the bulk storage Industry.
The report seeks to: Identify and characterize the bulk
storage Industry; Determine the number of facility clo-
sures expected to occur because of the proposed
vapor control regulations; Estimate the employment
levels displaced By these closures; and, Calculate the
national cost of Installing and operating vapor control
systems in the remaining bulk storage population.
Keywords: 'Bulk storage, 'Fuel storage, "Air pollution
control, 'Vapors, Fumes, Gasoline, Benzene, Marine
terminals, Petroleum products, Legislation, Regula-
tions, Social effect, Economic Impact, Cost analysis,
Socio-economic factors.
PB80-181936 PC A03/MF A01
An Evaluation Study of EPA Method 8. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Joseph E. Knoll, and M. Rodney Midgett. Mar 80,44p
EPA-600/4-80-018
Techniques used in EPA Method 8, the source test
method for acid mist and sulfur dioxide emissions from
sulfurlc acid plants, have been evaluated. Evidence is
shown that trace amounts of peroxides in isopropyl al-
cohol result In the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sul-
fate and cause positive errors in acid mist values.
Methods for measuring and purifying IPA are de-
scribed. No conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate on
filters or filter supports were observed. Collection effi-
ciencies of train components are described and two al-
ternate indicators are evaluated. Solid ammonium sul-
fates's use as audit samples is discussed. Field testing
is also described in which paired-probe techniques
were employed. They showed that, when sulfur triox-
ide is absent from the effluent streams, acid mist is effi-
ciently collected by a single filter, even when the iso-
propyl alcohol-containing impinger is eliminated. Both
ammonia and dimethyl analine, which are employed as
gas scrubbers, cause sulfur dioxide to be retained in
the isopropyl alcohol and result in large positive inter-
ferences in acid mist values. Ferric oxide, present in
the effluents of steel pickling operations, causes a
large negative interference in acid mist values.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Chemical in-
dustry, Sulfates, Field tests, Sampling, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, *EPA method 6, 'Acid mist. 'Air pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB80-181944 PC A12/MF A01
The Health Consequences of Sulfur Oxides: A
Report from CHESS (Community Hearth and Envi-
ronmental Surveillance System), 1970-1971, May,
1974. Appendum.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Apr 80,263p EPA-600/1-80-021
A controversy about the scientific credibility of results
from the Community Health and Environmental Sur-
veillance System (CHESS) study prompted a series of
Congressional hearings in 1976 (The Brown Report')
with subsequent legislation (Public Law 95-155) to
enact the Environmental Research, Development and
Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978. This adden-
dum has been compiled to satisfy Recommendation
3(c) of The Brown Committee Report, entitled 'The En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Research Program
with Primary Emphasis on the Community Health and
Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS): An In-
vestigative Report.' It contains the following materials
which concern the 1974 CHESS Monograph and vari-
ous CHESS studies, in addition to EPA's research and
development program in general: as follows The
Brown Committee Report; P.L. 95-155; Appendices
from EPA's Research Outlook for 1978 and 1979; and
the Science Advisory Board's Health Effects
Review Group Report to Congress in February 1 »'»•
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Public health, Air pollution.
Exposure, New York, Utah, Respiratory diseases, cp'
demiology, Thresholds(Perception), Cardiovascular
diseases, Asthma, 'Air pollution effects(Hurnans ,
CHESS(Community Health and Environmental Survw
lance System), Chronic diseases.
PB80-181969 . ^ tM
The Contribution of Heavy-Duty Vehicles to trw
New York City Emission Inventory. Technical repi,
Environmentaf Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, ""•
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Lois Platte. Feb 80,18p EPA-AA-TAEB-80-8
The EPA Administrator signed a regulationi w*9
standards for hydrocarbons (HC) at 1.3 fl/BHP-wJS
carbon monoxide (CO) at 15.5 g/BHP-hr for 19JW '<<"
later model year heavy duty vehicles (HDV). The rf
ductlon in the total emission levels due to the in*°*£i
tion of these standards was estimated on a nation"
level by combining the emission Inventories of aavw«
regions. These regions represent most of the m»i ,
metropolitan areas in the U.S. that have violations «
the national ambient air quality standards (NAAOoj "
ozone and CO. This combined Inventory may/""1""'
for a large proportion of the total U.S. populf
jected to the high pollutant levels, but It may r
emission reduction achievable through the
tlon of the new standards. The inventory of an i
characterized by a high traffic density with a 11
number of HDV should be examined to apprpxw«•
the maximum reduction In total emissions that can «-
attributed to the new HDV standards. In an effort£OB£
proximate this maximum reduction, the HC and <£»
ventories for the New York City (NYC) area are exam
Ined In this report.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Carboni rnoj
oxide, Exhaust emissions, Inventories, Regulation* rjr
pollution, New York, 'Heavy duty vehicles, New TW
City(New York), 'Emission inventories, 'Air quality-
PB80-181977 PC A03/MF A£
Microcosms as Ecosystems for Testing Ecomr
cal Models. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
RayR. Lassiter. 1978,37p EPA-600/J-78-166 -,
Pub. in State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling- v
p127-161 1978.
Several microcosm types are currently in use, "'"ay.
study the fate and effects of toxic substances, w •
ample of the use of microcosms for testing and tun
development of a model for methoxychlor » gg
scribed. The finding of an additional dominant Prt*'j|,.
previously unconsidered for methoxychlor *
cussed. Three simple ecosystems are consider
compared for their steady state values.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Ecology, J
tides, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Toxicity,
prints, Microcosms, 'Methoxychlor.
PB80-181985 PC A02/MF *£
Evaluation of Analube Synthetic Lubricant, i"
nical rept. ij|.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 74, 6p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-1
i Company of New B*
3 Office of Air and Wa»
The Environmental Lubricants i
ain, Connecticut, contacted the Office of
Programs to request a laboratory and
evaluation of their polyglycol base synthetic l
Suppjied with the request was a test report in
significant reductions of exhaust emissions
economy improvement. A confirmatory test
was conducted by the Technology Assessment •»
Evaluation Branch of the Emission Control Tecnrw»gj
Division. Analube is a synthetic lubricant f°rrn"rurid
from a polyglycol base with a molybdenum ca"T",a a
for lubricity, this synthetic lubricant is marketeo\w>
replacement for the normal hydrocarbon moKLgaD-
There was no cost information provided by the rw
facturer.
874 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Lubricants, "Air pollution control, 'Fuel
Snsu71Ption' *polyoxyalkylene resins, Exhaust emis-
sions, Molybdenum compounds, Tests, 'Analube.
PC A02/MF A01
c5S°"1?1993 f-o Aua/Mr AUI
J-o"eetlon of Fly Ash with High Electrical Resistlv-
"Y Plng reentrainment may be a problem.
DBMp,?netratlon of Iar9e particles is higher than ex-
rrtiSf.,8™1 's probably due to reentrainment. An optl-
Dinn dowmstream collector should minimize the rap-
ff"81 reentrainment problem. The oaoer concludes that
Cal- tiT w> l"v c&*~~ iniuai Capital CUM WSUUIBWB HIUI-
ttS r !' tne Preoharger will cost about a third to half
v«r,.i ' of one conventional electrical section. A con-
a .~ nal electrical section might Increase the SCA of
rnu?h ESP' 3uch as U8ed for ni8h sulfur coal, by as
uS 88,33% and the SCA of a large ESP, such as
sulfur °°al' bV no more tnan 17%- Tnu9
ears to be
tests are
8tMiI!Iord8: *Alr pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
SSE Preclpltators, 'Particles, Fly ash, Combustion
Italic?8' E|ectrlcal resistivity, Industrial wastes, Cap-
evaf ,.,c°8ts' °ost analysis, Field tests, Performance
•^'nation, Pilot plants, Reprints.
PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
Wan?1.1?*1 Characterization of Emissions from
Mon»l . d R««ld«ntlal Combustion Equipment,
D R r> to Research Corp., Daton, OH.
1SOn cSAn9elis, D. S. Ruf
rv!|PEPA-600/7-80-040
^ntractEPA-68-02-1874
D R r> o Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
1SOn cSAn9elis, D. S. Ruffin, and R. B. Reznik. Mar 80,
rv!PEPA-600/7-80-040
r«Srt describes a study conducted to quantify cri-
H' arrts ar>d characterize other atmospheric
8 from wood-fired residential combustion
n ^'ue 3ases were sampled from a zero
a«ie ''replace and two air-tight cast iron stoves
Wart and nonbaff|ed design). Four wood types were
and or °ak'seasoned and green- and pine-seasoned
corwo Samples were analyzed for particulates,
sable oranics, nitroen oxides, carbon mon-
"woo organics, nitrogen oxides, carbon mon-
«lem= !u"ur oxides, organic species, and individual
r| rants.
*ooTrds,: 'Fireplaces, 'Stoves, *Air pollution, 'Oak
Carhn e wood, Combustion, Nitrogen oxides,
CorniC? "rorowide, Sulfur oxides, Flue gases, Organic
'WriST*5' Performance tests, Residential buildings,
°°d burning appliances, Particulates.
Envim182363 Pc A08/MF A01
OH,'°nmemal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
EXB«I Transportation and Land use Policy.
Unit..!?ce wlth Indirect Source Controls In the
CarrTr.state8: Four Case Studies. Final rept,
Qr9™ "dgeSystematics, Inc., MA.
Dec 7a ai'Vey'Ann RaPPaPort'and Elizabeth Deakin.
°°ntraotEPA-68-01-4686
*ay rf°rt presents a review of experience with high-
Nstti v 1ua"ty assessments in four case study areas:
Tacnm > State; Connecticut; Puget Sound (Seattle/
dOoum '' Washington; and Oregon. Four case studies
local I, tne procedures used by federal, state and
Ha» Ir^rnrnents: (1) TO identify the need for an as-
*av i"6?* of the air quality effects of a proposed high-
9nJ|vproject; (2) To determine the appropriate levetof
vide*,™? when an assessment is required; (3) To pro-
cias "* review of the air quality assessment by agen-
techtSn tne Public; <4> To resolve differences over
»cai and policy issues and arrive at a decision.
The studies show a wide range of approaches to high-
way air quality review, with significant differences in as-
pects such as: (1) Relationships among indirect source
review and other state and federal air quality reviews;
(2) Number and size of highway facilities to which indi-
rect source review applies; (3) Threshold levels for ap-
plicability of indirect source review to new or modified
highways; (4) Pollutants covered.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, *New York,
*Washington(State), 'Connecticut, 'Oregon, Assess-
ments, Highways, State government, National govern-
ment, Sources, Air pollution, 'Air quality.
PB80-182439 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 450
Source Sampling for Partfculate Pollutants. Stu-
dent Workbook.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dec 79,166p EPA-450/2-79-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
See also PB80-174360.
This workbook Is used In conjunction with Course No.
450, 'Source Sampling for Paniculate Pollutants', as
designed and presented by the EPA Air Pollution
Training Institute (APTI). The workbook Includes
course objectives, lecture aides, calculation problems,
and Instructions for the course laboratory exercises.
Tables ol nomenclature, source sampling forms, and
representations of selected course visual materials are
given to aide the student In his understanding of EPA
Federal reference method 5 for sampling paniculate
matter from stationary sources. The workbook Is not
meant to stand on Its own, but Is to be used with the
course manual, EPA-450/2-79-006 during the lecture
and laboratory sessions of the training course. An in-
structor's manual (EPA 450/2-80-003) entitled 'Source
Sampling for Paniculate Pollutants' Is also available for
use In presenting the training course.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Handbooks,
Sampling, Sources, Laboratory equipment, Velocity,
Flow rates, Calibrating, Gas analyses, Chemical analy-
sis, Concentratlon(Compositlon), *Alr pollution sam-
pling, 'Air pollution detection, Stationary sources, EPA
method 5.
PB80-182496 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Advanced Wastewater Treatment on
the Fishery Resource of Shagawa Lake, Minneso-
ta. Final rept. 1974-77.
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Dept. of Biology.
William A. Swenson. Mar 80,96p EPA-600/3-80-036
This project was conducted to measure the response
of the warmwater fish populations in Shagawa Lake,
Minnesota, to altered trophic conditions brought about
by phosphate removal from sewage discharges enter-
ing the lake. The project also served to provide basic
information on the mechanisms through which a lake's
trophic status controls its fish species complex. Abun-
dance, distribution, growth, and feeding interrelation-
ships of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), northern pike
(Esox lucius), yellow perch (Perca flavenscens), and
lake herring (Coregonus artedii) were described in re-
lation to changes in prey density and other environ-
mental factors.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution, 'Shagawa Lake, Inorganic phos-
phates. Growth, Abundance. Distribution(Property),
Feeding habits, Parasites, Survival, Herrings, Food
habits, Renovating, Oxygen,
Concentration(Composition), Transparence, Mathe-
matical models, Minnesota, Perch, Trophic level, Pre-
dation, Stizostedlon vitreum, Perca flavenscens, Esox
lucius, Coregonus artedii.
PB80-182603 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
University of Washington Electrostatic Scrubber
Tests: Combined Paniculate and S02 Control.
Final rept. Jun 78-Aug 79,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Michael J. Pilat, Nov 79,62p EPA-600/7-79-245
Grant EPA-R-806035
See also PB-288 307.
The report gives results of tests of a 1700 a cu m/hr
University of Washington electrostatic spray scrubber
pilot plant on a coal-fired boiler to demonstrate its ef-
fectiveness for controlling fine particle and S02 emis-
sions. The multiple-pass portable pilot plant operates
by combining oppositely charged aerosol particles and
water droplets in two spray towers. Aerosol charging
sections at a negative polarity precede each spray
tower. For these tests, the pilot plant used only one
charging section and one spray tower. A liquor recycle
system was constructed, permitting the pilot plant to
operate in an open- or closed-loop mode. All SO2 tests
were run in an open-loop mode using either water or
Na2CO3 solution as the scrubbing liquor. Simultane-
ous inlet and outlet source tests using cascade irnpac-
tors provided size-dependent and overall mass basis
particle collection efficiency data. Measured over-all
particle collection efficiencies were 98.99%-99.80%,
depending on scrubbing operating conditions. S02
collection efficiencies were 8.02%-97.41%, depend-
ing on the scrubber operating conditions, inlet S02
concentration, and the type of scrubbing liquor used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, Electrostatics, Particles, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Boilers, Fines, Sulfur dioxide, Aero-
sols, Pilot plants, Sodium carbonates, Performance
evaluation, Design.
PB80-182660 PC A12/MF A01
Acceptable Common Names and Chemical Mamas
for the Ingredient Statement on Pesticide tables.
Fourth Edition,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Charlotte R. Blalock, John A. Shaughnessy, David E.
Johnson, and Robert L. Caswell. Dec 79,256p EPA-
540/9-77-017
See also Third Edition, PB-251 005.
This current edition is a revision and extension of the
3rd edition of December 1975. The main purpose, for
reviewers and registrants as before, is the naming of
pesticides on label ingredient statements. If both
common and chemical names are given an 'Entry'
number (accession number), then both are required on
the label. Almost all of the listed names are active In-
gredients; however, some may now be obsolete and
others not yet registered.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Nomenclature, 'Chemical
compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Listings.
PB80-182694 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Small-Scale and Low-Technology Resource Re-
covery Study. Final rept,
SCS Engineers, Reston, VA.
Gary L. Mitchell, Charles Peterson, Esther R. Bowring,
and Brian West. Dec 79,266p« EPA-600/2-79-099
Contract EPA-68-03-2653
A study was conducted to assess the applicability of
various approaches to resource recovery to selected
waste generators. The resource recovery systems and
technologies were limited to those operating in the
small-scale range, defined as less than 100 tons per
day input, or those approaches considered to be low
technology, defined as having more than 50 percent of
operation and maintenance costs associated with
labor, i.e., labor intensive. The generators included in-
stitutions, commercial sources, office building com-
plexes, multi-unit residences and small cities.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal,
Refuse disposal, Separation, Incinerators, Apartment
buildings, Communities, Metals, Plastics, Wood,
Paper, Glass, Cost analysis, Municipal wastes, Solid
wastes, Commercial sector, Residential sector, Institu-
tional sector, Incineration.
PB80-182728 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Procedures: Analysis of Sodium-
baaed Dual-alkali Procass Streams. Rept. for Jul
78-Jan 80,
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
J, R. Donnelly, D, C. Shepley, T. M. Martin, and A. H.
Abdulsattar. Mar 80,162p EPA-600/8-80-015
Contract EPA-68-02-2634
December t983 875
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives procedures for chemical analysis of
process streams of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system (utilizing the Combustion Equipment Associ-
ates/Arthur D. Little sodium-based dual-alkali process)
at Louisville Gas and Electric's Cane Run Unit 6. The
U. S. EPA has contracted with Bechtel to develop and
implement a test program to characterize this FGD
process. As part of this effort, Bechtel has established
a laboratory at the site for routine chemical analyses of
the process streams. The methods used for these
chemical analyses comprise this laboratory proce-
dures manual. The procedures were extracted from
three principal sources: 'Chemical Analysis Proce-
dures for Dual Alkali Process Stream Samples,' A. D.
Little report No. 75633, 4/22/76; 'Laboratory Proce-
dures Manual,' Shawnee Test Facility, Paducah, KY,
prepared by Bechtel, 3/76; and 'Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater,' 14th edi-
tion, 1975. Procedures were verified by on-site analy-
ses In accordance with the quality assurance section
of this report. In some cases, modifications adapted
the standard procedures to the specific process condi-
tions and to best utilize available resources.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sodium, 'Water analy-
sis, Air pollution control, Flue gases, Chemical analy-
sis, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Laboratory equipment, Electrochemistry, Volumetric
analysis, Particle size distribution, Flame photometry,
•Dual-alkali scrubbing, 'Water pollution detection, Se-
lective ion electrodes, Flue gas desulfurization, Proce-
dures, Wet methods, Ion chromatography.
PB80-182769 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollutants from Synthetic Fuels Production: Coal
Gasification Screening Test Results. Research
rept.,
Research Triangle lost., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. G. Cleland, S. K. Gangwal, C. M. Sparacino, R. M.
Zweidinger, and D. G. Nichols. Aug 79,104p EPA-600/
7-79-200
Grant EPA-R-B04979
Coal gasification test runs have been conducted in a
semibatch, fixed-bed laboratory gasifier in order to
evaluate various coals and operating conditions for
pollutant generation. Thirty-eight tests nave been com-
pleted using char, coal, lignite, and peat. Extensive
analyses were performed for organic and inorganic
compounds and trace elements in the tars and hydro-
carbon oils, aqueous condensates, and reactor resi-
dues resulting from the gasification tests. Over 300
compounds were identified from the various gasifier
streams, and more than 100 of these compounds were
quantified for several of the test runs. Statistical analy-
ses have been performed on the data. The quantity
and composition of the various effluents have been ex-
amined in relation to coal type and operating variables.
Results are reported for sulfur species in the product
gas stream, for consent decree pollutants contained
as volatile organic compounds in the product gas, for
phenol and related compounds in the aqueous con-
densate and tar/oil sample, and for polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PNA) species in the tar/oil.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coal gasification, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Trace elements,
Coal tar, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition).
PB80-182843 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R. I.
Toxlclty of Metals to Marine Phytoplankton Cul-
tures,
Texas A and M Univ. at Galveston.
William B. Wilson, and Larry R. Freeberg. Feb 80,11 Op
EPA-600/3-80-025
Grant EPA-R-801511
The objectives of this program were to evaluate the
toxicity of nine metals to cultures of four species of
marine phytoplankton. The relationships of acute, in-
stantaneous and chronic toxicity were evaluated using
growth rates in continuous-flow culture systems. The
latter methods employed both the chemostat and the
turbldostat techniques. The instantaneous procedure
measures short-term changes of metabolic activity in-
dicated by 14-C uptake that result from metal addition
within a relatively short time period after cultures are
exposed to metal additions. Four levels were deter-
mined for the acute toxicity of metals to each o
nism. The use of fluorometric measurements of i
tive chlorophyll-a of actively growing cultures was a
fast, accurate assay method that facilitated the Mini-
mum Toxicity Level calculation, increased the sensitivi-
ty of the method, and reduced variability. Refinement
should result in this method being more useful for
giving more uniform assay results.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Phytoplankton, Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Water pollution, Plants(Botany), Plank-
ton, Algae, Marine biology, Nickel, Cultures(Biology),
Metabolism, Physiological effects, Salinity, tempera-
ture, Cobalt, Selenium, Copper, Mercury, Silver,
Barium, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), 'Heavy metals.
PB80-182900 PC A07/MF A01
Cost of Land Treatment Sytems. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Sherwood C. Reed, Ronald W. Crites, Richard E.
Thomas, and Alan B. Hais. Sep 79,145p* EPA-430/9-
75-003-R.EPA/MCD-10-R
Revision of report dated Jun 75.
The purpose of this report is to aid the planner and en-
gineer in evaluating monetary costs and benefits of
land treatment systems. The three basic modes are
slow rate (formerly irrigation), rapid infiltration and
overland flow.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Sewage treatment, 'Irriga-
tion, Comparison, Design, Water quality, Operations,
Maintenance, Fluid infiltration, Benefit cost analysis,
Flow rate, Energy, Methodology, 'Land application.
PB80-183023 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-f Irad Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site F. Final rept. Dec 78-Feb 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L. Langsjoen, R. J. Tidona, and J. E. Gabrielson.
Mar 80,114p EPA-600/7-80-065A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA. See also report dated Dec
78.PB-293731.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on an 80,000 Ib/hr coal-fired spreader-stoker boiler.
The effects of various parameters on boiler emissions
and efficiency were studied. Parameters included
overfire air, flyash injection, excess air, boiler load, and
coal properties. Measurements included O2, CO2, CO,
NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, HC, controlled and uncontrolled
paniculate loading, particle size distribution of the un-
controlled flyash, and combustible content of the ash.
In addition to test results and observations, the report
describes the facility tested, coals fired, test equip-
ment, and procedures. Paniculate loading on this unit
averaged 6.00 Ib/million Btu uncontrolled and 1.05 Ib/
million Btu controlled at full load. Nitric oxide emissions
averaged 0.45 Ib/million Btu (330 ppm) at all loads.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Particle size distribution. Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon mon-
oxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur di-
oxide, Hydrocarbons, Sampling, Equipment, Design,
Field tests, Concentration(Composition), Fly ash.
Sulfur trioxide, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB80-183064 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Raaaarch Highlights 1979. Annual rept.,
Delamer, Inc., Cupertino, CA.
David Myers. Jan 80,104p EPA-600/9-80-005
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-298108.
The results described in this year's Highlights report
represent but a few of the outputs supported by the
Office of Research and Development in 1979. The
Program ranges from direct support to EPA's regulato-
ry functions, such as the developing of short-term tests
for evaluating the toxicity of various substances and
developing a classification method for hazardous
wastes, to the publication of a new series of research
documents to aid the public in learning about such re-
search activities. This report covers studies on acid
rain, the Chesapeake Bay, Energy (synthetic and con-
ventional), radiation, clean air monitoring as well a*
municipal and industrial waste water.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Research management, Indus-
trial wastes, Waste disposal, Potable water, ToxiClW.
Health, Water pollution, Radioactive wastes, Hazara-
ous materials, Waste water, Water quality, Environ-
mental impacts, Air pollution, Materials recovery,
Coasts, Environmental Protection Agency, '£"*£! ^1
ment protection, Air quality, Path of pollutants, Ciewj
Air Act, Pollution control, Pollution abatement, Three
Mile lsland-2 reactor, Acid rain, Energy technology, *•
pollution indices, Solid waste disposal.
PB80-183098 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in-
angle Park, NC. ^
Environmental Assessment: Source Test an»
Evaluation Report - Lurgl (Kosovo) Medlum-Btu
Gasification, Phase 1. Rept. for Sep 78-Jun 79.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX. . „
K. J. Bombaugh, W. E. Corbett, and M. D. Matson. Aug
79,145p EPA-600/7-79-190
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report summarizes an ongoing test program i<£
yolving a commercial medium-Btu Lurgi coal IK81":!:.
tion plant in the Kosovo region of Yugoslavia. The en
vironmental data acquisition program is sponsoreoDj
the U.S. EPA and the government of Yugoslavia, in*
objective of the program is to characterize P0^^
environmental problems and control technology neew
associated with the gasification of lignite coal in •
state-of-the-art Lurgi gasification plant. This timely PJ"
gram is enabling the EPA to study firsthand the enw
ronmental problems which may be encountered »j
future operators of U.S. gasification plants. Phase i«
the tests, now complete, concentrated on the char*'
terization of major pollutants in the plant's ((••"jUS
emissions. Some characterization of the plant 8 H<1"
and solid waste streams and its by-products were w?"
performed. A SAM/IA analysis of the gaseous em«
sions indicated that the major pollutants of cono"!
are CO, benzene, H2S, mercaptans, and NH3. i'1*
Phenosolvan effluent contained a high concentraw
of organics and had a high (11-12) pH. The sulfur con-
centration of lights (i.e., gasoline) in the by-PfO°"r.
streams was significantly higher than that of the ne
vies (i.e., tar). Phase II will emphasize detailed «»«*
terization of trace organics and trace elements in™
plant's multimedia waste streams and control opw" '
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal gasifies*"''
Lignite, Water pollution, Air pollution, Assessments,«
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Design, s*'
pling, Chemical analysis, Particles, Yugoslavia, f",
eign technology, 'Lurgi process, Solid wastes, State
the art.
PB80-183114 . PC A05/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington,
Mutagenlclty Testing In Mammalian Cells. M
Drug-Resistance Markers. Interim rept. Jan
79, . ah
California Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Livermore ua"-
June H. Carver, Gerald M. Adair, and Daniel L.
Wandres. Aug 79, 79p UCID-18599, EPA-600/7-79-
173
Grant EPA-W-7405-eng-48
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines hetero
at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Wy
thymidine kinase (tk) loci were isolated and U8^mg.
single-step selection of spontaneous and inducea'
tants resistant to 8-azaadenine (AAr), 6-thioguan"
(TGr), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdRr), or
(OUAR). Mutation data are reported for direct i
gens ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-metn
nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitroquinoi w*r
oxide (NQO) and for promutagens dimethylniw^Jy
mine (DMN) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) activate^w
rat liver homogenates. Critical plating densities w
established for AAr, TGr, and FUdRr. Optimal expr*J,
sion of mutant phenotypes after mutation inf"fad
with EMS, DMN, or BaP were 2 to 4 d for AAr, ° t°,„.
for TGr, 3 d for OUAR, and 1 to 3 d for FUdRr. The" t
duced mutant frequencies as a function of relative p
survival after treatment with EMS, DMN, °rn7g1
showed locus-specific differences in sensitivity. "i-<
clonal isolates resistant to AA and assayed for'
activity, 87% had < or = 5% wild type activity:'
TGr clones assayed, 83% had < or = 5% wild
HGPRT activity. Of 42 FUdRr clones assayed, 4i
876 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
<1% wild type TK activity. Fifty clones selected in
In K Hm containing FUdR displayed cross-resistance
SLS-oromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and trifluorothymidine
on*.' S.nd a" were sensitive to HAT (amethopterin-hy-
Poxanthine-thymidine) medium. The tk locus showed
M««?r9e8t "Mational response as a function of rela-
we «*« survival after mutagen treatment.
: Mu*ations, Cells(Biology), Mammals, In
(sis' Screening, Tests, Nitrogen organic com-
' ulfur organic compounds, Mutagens, 'Muta-
amin \Ce" lines' Biological effects, Imidazotriazine/
a"""0- Thioguanine, Uridine/fluoro-deoxy, Benzopyr-
!...,?• Quabain, Sulfonic acid/methyl, Guanidine/N-
mine/rf 'tro"nitrosa Quinaline oxide/nitro, Nitrosa-
PC A03/MF A01
Econo °f the RePra»entaflvenM« °' EPA Fuel
c"^r°.nrnsntal Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Session Control Technology Div.
nomas Cackette. Jan 76, ZBp EPA-AA-ECTD-78-1
cJ^y conservation has become a major national
rn ent An important element of this commit-
l strategy t
r- r fleet thro
marVT9 shingent fuel economy standards that each
wn r muat meet for its corporate sales-
rnent! en n important element of this commit
rnv nf «>a nat'onal strategy to improve the fuel econo
- n?w car fleet through a regulatory program
welnhf mua mee or s corporae saes-
ftiel &» h a 'uel economy labeling program whereby
on," ??* vehicle is posted with its expected fuel econ-
ProroH Kevstone to this program is the Federal Test
«rS developed by EPA to quantify and regulate
s Auctions for environmental purposes.
nf8?"16 procedures are also utilized as the yard-
th economy measurement. Recent sugges-
ovar n • 'ue' economy estimates significantly
EPA i actual vehicle fuel economy prompted
Bio?- 2 conduct a number of studies designed to ex-
The nhi rePresentativeness of the EPA methodology.
and ""Wive of this report is to summarize the results
0 inclusions of these studies.
s: 'Motor vehicles, "Fuel consumption, Ex-
8m'ssions, Performance tests, Dynamometers.
PC A10/MF A01
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
'7,0*10 Substances.
COM. 9,8tlon o* Selected Potential Environmental
Syrsn, anU: Epoxldes. Final technical rept,
Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
sment.
yo, Sheldon S. Lande, William M.
?1 fni|iP H. Howard, and Joseph Santodonato.
p' TR-80-535, EPA-560/1 1-80-005
h8J8J[ePort reviews the potential environmental and
'Stert rds associated with the commercial use of
eP°x||te compounds. Four commercial com-
are discussed in the report: ethylene oxide -
e iU8ed as a chemical intermediate; propylene
Iv£ ar'V used as a chemical Intermediate; butyl-
on methods and quantities, commerical uses
™9ii a. i °/s arfectlng environmental contamination, as
teal JSjn'oTnation related to human health and biolog-
8Tfects, are reviewed and evaluated.
-• 'Environmental surveys, 'Epoxy corn-
Physical properties, Chemical properties,
'"ring, Public health, Ethylene oxide, Prapyl-
e, Utilization, Regulations, Standards, Butyl-
'. Butane/dlepoxy, Path of pollutants.
PC A13/MF A01
co Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
CtJ^of Toxic Substances.
0%U o » ld«ntlfled In Human Biological Media, A
feD| "•»*• Volume 1, Part 1. October 1979. Annual
oK'J°.-l,Sep78-Sep79,
M.vi7n?9.e National Lab.,TN.
" Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf, Fay M. Martin,
• Ensminger. Mar 80,289pORNL/EIS-163-
-1, EPA-560/13-79-011-VOL-1-PT-1
tW-7405-eng-26
See also Volume 1, Part 2, PB80-183296.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Sub-
stances Survey and Analysis Division. This centralized
resource of body-burden information was inspired by
the concern of government scientists over continuing
reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Body burden is a reflection of exposures to food,
air, and water contaminants, as well as Pharmaceuti-
cals. The systematic acquisition of body-burden data
will facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to toxic chemicals and xenobiotics than previ-
ously possible using environmental contamination
levels. Data were obtained primarily from the open lit-
erature through manual searches of selected journals.
Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and has
yielded over 2000 pertinent documents of which ap-
proximately 400 have been entered into the data base
as of this report. These sources identify over 200
chemicals which have been found in human biological
media.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Humans, Tissues(Biology),
Body fluids, Residues, Data bases, 'Toxic substances,
Body burden.
PB80-183296 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, A
Data Base. Volume 1, Part 2. October 1979. Annual
rept. no. 1, Sep 78-Sep 79,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf, Fay M. Martin,
and John T. Ensminger. Mar 80,815p ORNL/EIS-163-
VOL-1-PT-2, EPA-560/13-79-011-VOL-1-PT-2
Contract W-7405-eng-26
See also Volume 1, Part 1, PB80-183288.
Contents:
User's guide;
Abbreviations for analytical methods;
References for data base;
References for physical and chemical data;
Appendix A. Journals searched;
Appendix B. Chemicals in data base;
Appendix C. Cross-referenced chemical lists;
Appendix D. Tissues and body fluids in data base.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Humans, Tlssues(Biology),
Body fluids, Residues, Data bases, 'Toxic substances,
Body burden.
PB80-183379 PC A03/MF A01
Marine and Estuarlne Pollution. Journal article
(Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Donald Reish, Steven S. Rossi, A. J. Mearns, and
Frank G. Wilkea. Jun 79,43p EPA-600/J-79-079
Pub. in Journal of Water Pollution Control Fed. 51(6)
p1477-1517 Jun 79. Prepared in cooperation with Cali-
fornia State Univ., Long Beach., Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, CA., and Southern California
Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo.
This literature review summarizes current data on the
effects of pesticides on marine organisms, aquatic en-
vironmental research methods, bioaccumulation of
pesticides by estuarlne and marine organisms, and
biota residue. Results of studies of the environmental
effects of dredging and the occurrence of diseases
and tissue abnormalities in fish, shellfish, and marine
plants also are reported.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pollution, 'Marine microorga-
nisms, 'Aquatic animals, 'Reviews, Accumulation, Es-
tuaries, Mortality, Dredging, Environmental Impacts,
Animal diseases, Fishes, Shellfish, Aquatic plants,
Pesticide residues, Ocean waste disposal, Bioaccumu-
lation, Water pollution erfects(Animals).
PB80-183387
PC A02/MF A01
Measuring and Estimating the Bloconcentratlon
Factor of Chemicals In Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Oilman D. Veith, David L. DeFoe, and Barbara V.
Bergstedt. 9 Jan 79,11 p EPA-600/J-79-078
Pub. in Journal of Fish. Res. Board Can. 36 p1040-
10481979.
A method of estimating the bioconcentration factor of
organic chemicals in fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) is described. Water at 25C was intermittent-
ly dosed with the chemical at a nontoxic concentration
in a flow-through aquarium. Thirty minnows are placed
in the aquarium, and composite samples of five fish
are removed for analysis after 2, 4, 8,16,24, and 32 d
of exposure. The bioconcentration process is summa-
rized by using the first-order uptake model, and the
steady-state bioconcentration factor is calculated from
the 32 d exposure.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Organic compounds,
*Concentration(Composition), 'Fishes, 'Toxicity,
Temperature measurement, Dosage, Mathematical
models, Tests, Mixtures, Estimating, Nitrogen hetero-
cyclic compounds, Exposure, Separation, Reprints,
'Pimephales promelas, Bioconcentration factor, Octa-
nol.
PB80-18339S PC A02/MF A01
Fish, Wildlife, and Estuaries. Pesticide Residues In
Estuarlne Mollusks, 1977 versus 1972-Natlonal
'Pesticide Monitoring Program. Journal article
(Final),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Philip A. Butler, Charles D. Kennedy, and Roy A.
Schutzmann. Dec 78,5p EPA-600/J-78-168
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Journal v12 n3 p99-101,
3 Dec 78.
Bivalve mollusks were monitored for residues of 20 or-
ganochlorine and organophosphate pesticides and
polychlorinated biphenyls in spring 1977 in 87 of the
181 estuaries routinely monitored on a monthly basis
during 1965-72. DDT, the only pesticide detected in
1977, occurred at low levels in one estuary each on
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Keywords: 'Mollusca, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology,
Coasts, Estuaries, Chlorine organic compounds, Shell-
fish, DDT, Insecticides, Dieldrm, Reprints, Monitoring,
'Pesticide residues, Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic
substances.
PB80-183866 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance of a High-velocity Pulse-Jet Filter, II.
Final rept. Sep 76-Sep 79,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
David Leith, M. J. Ellenbecker, M. W. First, J. M. Price,
and Anthony Martin. Mar 80,75p EPA-600/7-80-042
Grant EPA-R-804700
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-284 332.
The report gives results of a study of the performance
of a high-velocity pulse-jet filter. Such filtration has dis-
tinct advantages over low-velocity filtration In that the
equipment required to clean a gas stream is reduced in
size and Initial cost as velocity increases. Although
high filtration velocity causes a number of problems,
many of them are dealt with in the report. Location of
the gas Inlet to the filter was found to affect penetra-
tion and pressure drop; both were higher for inlets near
the bottom of the filter housing. Fabric type was also
found to affect performance by affecting the amount
and characteristics of the dust deposit accumulated.
Fabric surface properties help explain the nature of
this deposit. These ideas and others were used to de-
velop a mathematical model for pressure drop in a
pulse-jet cleaned filter. The model can be used to pre-
dict pressure drop under stable or variable operating
conditions, and to predict operating conditions that
cause unstable filter operation. An understanding of
particle/fiber interactions is essential to understanding
the collection characteristics of a felt fabric. Under cer-
tain conditions, particles bounce on impact with fibers.
An adhesion probability was determined and found to
depend on incident particle kinetic energy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air filters,
Performance evaluation, Velocity, Dust collectors,
Pressure, Filtration, Design, Laboratory equipment,
Mathematical models, Adhesion, 'Pulse jet filters,
•Fabric filters.
PB80-184237 PC A02/MF A01
An Overview of the EPA Programs for Ground-
Based Remote Sensing of Air Pollution,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
December 1983 877
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
William F. Herget. 1979,8p EPA-600/J-79-084
Pub. in Soc. Photo-Optical Instrum. Eng., v195 p87-92
1979.
Remote sensing methods offer various advantages
over contact measurement methods both for charac-
terizing the gaseous and paniculate air pollutants emit-
ted by different types of sources and for verifying that
established emission standards are being met by regu-
lated industries. Two such instrumentation systems
are in routine use for characterization studies: a mobile
pulsed ruby lidar system measures stack plume opaci-
ty with an accuracy comparable to an in-stack trans-
missometer; and a mobile high resolution (0.1 /cm) in-
frared spectrometer system measures multiple gase-
ous species concentrations in a longpath absorption
mode or in a single-ended emission mode with near-
laboratory accuracy. A laser-Doppler velocimeter
system for measuring the velocity of stack plumes and
winds aloft has recently been obtained. Several sys-
tems particularly aimed at meeting the measurement
needs of enforcement personnel are under evaluation.
Tuneable laser systems for use in the longpath ab-
sorption mode and in the differential absorption lidar
mode are in various stages of development. Research
programs are underway to determine the feasibility of
remotely measuring paniculate size distributions and
pollutant (gases and particles) mass emission rates.
This paper presents results obtained with the instru-
ments currently in use and summarizes the current
state of development of the various other systems.
Keywords: "Remote sensing, 'Optical equipment, "In-
frared spectrometers, Air pollution. Mobile equipment,
Performance evaluation, Gas analysis, Chemical anal-
ysis, Particle size distribution, Feasibility, Plumes, Re-
prints, *Air pollution detection, Laser spectroscopy,
Long path optical measurements.
PBBO-184245 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Mathematical Model for Calculating Electrical
Conditions In Wire-Duct Electrostatic Precipita-
tion Devices,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Jack R. McDonald, Wallace B. Smith, Herbert W.
Spencer, III, and Leslie E. Sparks. 15 Nov 76,I5p
EPA-600/J-77-172
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physics, v48 n6 p2231-2243 Jun
The article reports the development of a new method
of calculating electrical conditions in wire-duct electro-
static precipitation devices. The method, based on a
numerical solution to the governing differential equa-
tions under a suitable choice of boundary conditions,
accounts for the effect of space charge and is applica-
ble over the entire range of current and voltage before
sparkover. The procedure yields voltage-current char-
acteristics and determines the electric potential and
electric field strength as functions of position for each
current and applied voltage. Predictions of the theory
are compared with existing experimental data and the
agreement is excellent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Mathematical models, Electric
potential, Electric fields, Electric current, Voltage,
Electrical properties, Reprints.
PB80-184252 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
FF/C Scrubber Demonstration on a Secondary
Metal* Recovery Furnace,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Seymour Calvert, Shamim Gandhi, Dale L. Harmon,
and Leslie E. Sparks. 1977,7p EPA-600/J-77-175
Contract EPA-68-02-1801
Pub. In Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v27
n11 pi 076-1080 Nov 77.
The paper describes a flux force/condensation (FF/C)
scrubbing system that was built to control paniculate
emissions from a secondary metals recovery furnace.
Total mass penetration and fractional penetration
measurements were made under several different op-
erating modes. The performance of the demonstration
scrubber was consistent with the results of previous
studies on FF/C scrubbing. The system was generally
capable of 90-95% efficiency on particles with a mass
median aerodynamic diameter of 0.75 microamps.
This efficiency was achieved with a 68 cm (27 in.) W.C.
gas-phase pressure drop.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fur-
naces, 'Metal scrap, 'Particles, Materials recovery, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Performance
evaluation, Design, Reprints, 'Flux force/condensa-
tion scrubbers.
PB80-1S4260 PC A02/MF A01
An Index of Federal Legislation for the Control of
Hazardous/Toxic Substances,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NorbertA. Jaworski. 1979,11 p EPA-600/J-79-088
Pub. in Environmental Professional, v1 p127-135
1979.
The paper indexes the 42 major federal legislative acts
that nave been passed to control the hazardous/toxic
substances released into our environment from man-
made sources. They are presented in six categories:
multi-media (combination of media), air, water, land,
noise, and food. The title, public law number, United
States Code, purpose, and federal agency(ies) respon-
sible are given for each act.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, "Envi-
' ipvernment, Air pollution,
Toxic substances, Land
PB80-184294 PC A02/MF A01
Air Pollution: Ground-Based Sensing of sourw-
Emissions, h Trj.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn i"
angle Park, NC. „„_
William F. Herget. 1979,11 p EPA-600/J-79-085 ,
Pub. in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. v
p111-127 1979.
ronmental surveys, National government, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Reprints, 'Toxi
pollution.
PB80-184278 PC A02/MF A01
Correlation of Mixed-Function Oxldase Activity
with Ultrastructural Changes In the Liver of a
Marine Fish,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. Peter Schoor, and John A. Couch. 1979,11 p EPA-
600/J-79-087
Pub. in Cancer Biochem. Biophys., v4 p9S-103 1979.
Specimens of mullet (Mugil cephalus), a marine fish,
were given single doses of 3-methylcholanthrene in-
trapentoneally and the activity of the microsomal
mixed-function oxygenase system in the liver was
measured by the metabolism of benzo(a)-pyrene. The
enzyme system was found to be inducibie with con-
comitant ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes.
The specific activity and the metabolic profile approxi-
mate those of the rat.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Enzymes, Methylcholanthrenes,
Liver, Parenteral infusions, Metabolism, Steroids,
Rats, Reprints, Mugll cephalus, Benzopyrenes.
PB80-184286 PC A02/MF A01
X-Rsy Emission Analyst*: Sample Losses During
Excitation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. W. Shaw, Jr., and R. D. Willis. 197S, 10p EPA-600/
J-78-169
Pub. in Electron Microscopy and X-Hay Applications,
p_51 -64 1978. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham, NC. Dept. of Physics.
Many samples of atmospheric aerosols and biological
materials containing volatile or unstable species are
now being examined by X-ray emission analysis, and
loss of these species by sample heating is a critical
consideration, the amount of heat energy deposited in
a sample by the various modes of excitation may vary
by orders of magnitude. For example, if one were look-
Ing for sulfur in 1-micrometer particles of (NH4)2SO4,
and using projectiles at typical operating energies (10-
keV electrons or 3-MeV protons) as a means of excita-
tion, about 1000 keV of energy would be deposited per
sulfur K-shell ionization produced; while photons of
energy 8-keV (using Cu K(alpha)) would deposit only
about 5-keV for each K shell ionization. This paper pre-
sents calculations of energy dissipation and sample
heating and loss of Al, Cu, Au, PbBrCI and (NH4)2SO4
under typical operating conditions.
Keywords: *X ray analysis, 'Gas analysis, Samples,
Excitation, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Aerosols,
Heat, Energy dissipation, Ammonium sulfate, Alumi-
num, Copper, Gold, Lead inorganic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Biomaterials, 'Air pollution detection, Lead
bromides, Lead chlorides.
Some types of gaseous pollution sources,
extended area industrial complexes and those P'°r „}
ing hot combustion products, cannot be """JEJJ;
adequately with conventional point sampling rnetnou^
To aid in characterizing emissions from and ini™"j,
oping remote sensing methods for application to s
sources, a high-resolution (0.06/cm) infrarea SR^
trometer system has been installed in a van.
system can be used with a remote light source to nwv
longpath absorption measurements in the atmosp" ..
or can be used in a single-ended mode to obtain em.
sion spectra of hot gases. Initial measurements «»
made across a fertilizer plant gypsum pond; hya'"»
fluoride was measured in the 10-50 ppb range. M»»£
urements at an oil refinery showed propylene, e' jj
ene, methanol, other hydrocarbons, sulfur dip*109' |ne
carbon monoxide in ppb to ppm levels. Jet *"*-.$
emissions were also evaluated. The measure}"
system is described and data from the above v«*
measurement programs are presented.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Remote sensin%,1*'nir,ai'iip-
spectrometers, Laboratory equipment, M°bilehfistion
ment, Design, Performance evaluation, ComD"J," „_
products, Refineries, Chemical analysis, Air P0."^,
Industrial wastes, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur a'°*Rfl.
Carbon monoxide, Concentration(Composrtion), n
prints, "Air pollution detection.
PB80-184302 PC A02/MF AOl
Characteristics of Bacteria Adapted to Low N>»
ent Conditions In Lake Ontario. Final rapt.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, PL. 0,
E. Lucyszyn, and P. H. Pritchard. 1979,13p EPA-W
J-79-054 . . _. V20
Pub. in Development in Industrial Microbiology. .^
ch55 p579-589 1979. Prepared in cooperation"
Saint Bonaventure Univ., N.Y. Dept. of Microbiology'
The fate of organic pollutants in aquatic fcpsysta
depends, in part, on metabolic activities of the irw'^
nous microflora. Knowledge is therefore nee5jT|oW
the growth characteristics of aquatic bactena "iron.
nutrient conditions typical of many aquatic enw ^
ments. The authors have studied changes jn W^gi-
populations from Lake Ontario, using contin'i?in and
ture enrichments, with lactose as the sole canwi'^t
energy source. Enrichment studies have 8"ow;i|tted
the concentrations of lactose, the type of water j"".,^
for inflowing media, and the inoculum source ane~,
the outcome of continuous culture enrichm""rLgnts
fresh-water samples. Two isolates from enr!c[!,Iina»i
experiments, an Aeromonas and a PseudOmu> t
were obtained using concentrations of 50 ana o -^
liter lactose, respectively. These isolates were sn
to be competitive with each other at different IB*'
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Bacteria,' 'Nutrients, 'Water P°J!"S
'Lake Ontario, Metabolism, Growth, Aquatic m* ^
ology, Lactose, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, rw
Ecosystems.
PB80-184310 PC A02/MF,*",.
Combined Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon and
Treatment In Coal-Fired Power Plant*,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Re
angle Park, NC.
Robert H. Borgwardt. 19 Jul 79,7p ._ V1*
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology.
n3p294-298Mar80.
The paper gives results of pilot plant experiments » ]n
vestigate the feasibility of replacing makeup W",*
limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD).^ v
with a simulated cooling tower blowdown. Tesw
conducted while forcing the oxidation of the fniul
moerae cor conen. esu s .-
makeup water could be replaced with blowdown ^
taining up to 690 ppm Na(+) when operatin w
make-per-pass below 8 mmol/L and a tign
scrubber loop. Material balances indicate th
878 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
8oluble salte and trace ele-
aPower Plant can be markedly reduced by
°; water treatment units such as vapor-
FQO 8rn,n 9XaP°ratlon as an integral part of the
In rS?ber Such systems should be more effective
enerav r«T ,9 water reuse and should have lower
application of
'Waste
troTpiSf-*^ Pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
tten DnS?lo.power Ptents. Industrial wastes, Combus-
Sulfurrtnv-S ts- Limestone, Flue gases, Scrubbers,
*W I n™L ld8' ,Pilot P'ante' Chlorides, Reprints, *Coal
watarr£« 8rrPlante. 'Limestone scrubbing, *>«'—-
8r reuse. Plus gas desulfurization.
PC A02/MF A01
Proportlonal Dlluter for Aquatic
Michael .-:;•-• Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pub InuT Hemmer. 1980,6p EPA-600/J-80-002
• "i water Research, v14 p243-2461980.
l^-'iter,
nvar|ti°nal dilutere. This method elimi-
' , .
advama9es are ease of construction, calibra-
' and rapid oleaning- Unit oost is ap"
c animals' *Laboratory
PCA08/MFA01
nyironmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
'i NC.
taSL?1? G?" D«»uWu'l*>«on Systems: Cane
I ,"', V,outovllle Qa« and Electric Company.
c Jul'Dec 7B-
invironmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
199C Laseke, Jr. Aug 79, 1 72p EPA-600/7-79-
«EPA
2603
126279.
f*
boilsrB in *riiiatlon (FGD> systems on coal-fired utility
4, 5 ann « Us- Tne FGD systems installed on Units
wrrnsa"fa.° at tha Cane Run Station are described in
and performance. The Cano Run No. 4
to scrnlfk a two-module (packed tower) carbide
boiler T? er' retrotitted on a 178 MW (net) coal-fired
8.syftem, supplied by American Air Filter,
'"Wai operation in August 1976. The Cane
, FGD system is a two-module (spray tower)
"ma118orubber, retrofitted on a 183 MW (net
eS,?0' lflr The 8ystern' suPP^ by Combustion
7% commenced initial operation in Decem-
I* Cane Run Unlt 6 FGD 8y8tem Is a twc-
tower> dual alkali <8odium carbonate/
, retrofitted on a 278 MW (net) coal-fired
- supplied by A.D. Little/Combustion
Ug™ Associates, commenced initial operation in
ajj£l°rd8: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Flue
cOfnfiiJiubber8' *Sulfur dioxide, Industrial wastes,
B!«ritssS? Prodljcts, Coal, Boilers, Electric power
NormSr111"1 carbonates, Particles, Design criteria,
bed So8"08 evaluation, Economic analysis, 'Coal
% iLT^rPlants, 'Limestone scrubbing, Central Illi-
- uohl ^ y, Flue gas desulfurization, Wet
PC A07/MF A01
., Research Trl-
Plan to Study Emissions from Small
Combustion Engines. Final rapt. Sep 76-
Vlj^jResearch and Development Corp., Research
, 129pEPA 300/7-80-088
11* environmental status of small internal
wwn(1C) engines. These engines range in size
•° 1015 hp and power a variety of equipment op-
erated by homeowners and Industry. With EPA's gen-
eral growing concern of identifying sources of poten-
tially carcinogenic emissions, a possibility exists that
these small 1C engines are a problem source. Re-
search to characterize emissions from 1C engines has
largely been limited to critical pollutants, even though
the small 1C engine is an incomplete combustor. It fol-
lows that some carcinogens and other hazardous
compounds are probable. The basic requirements ad-
dressed in the report include analytical equipment, ex-
perimental systems design, and statistical experimen-
tal design.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Exhaust emissions, Test equipment, Analyzers,
Performance tests, Analysis of variance, Noise pollu-
tion.
PB00-184450 PC A03/MF A01
Ion Chromatography of Anlons. Interim rept. Jul 78-
Jul 79,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
Thomas B. Hoover, and George D. Yager. Mar 80,45p
EPA-600/4-80-020
A Dionex Model 10 Ion Chromatograph was evaluated
lor the measurement of anionic species in water. The
theoretical effect of hydrogen ion activity (pH) on the
elutlon time of phosphate and arsenals was tested
and empirical selectivity coefficients were determined
for the major protolytic species of these acids. Calibra-
tion curves were obtained for arsenate, bromide, chlo-
ride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, selenate, selenlte, and
sulfate by direct injection of 0.1 ml of standards and,
in most cases, by preconcentration of 5 to 50 ml of so-
lution on the ion exchange concentrator columns avail-
able from the instrument manufacturer. Detection
limits for ions other than chloride were approximately
0.2 micrograms independent of the method of sample
introduction. For chloride the detection limit was 2 ng,
by direct injection. The concentrator column permitted
determination of any of the above ions at concentra-
tions greater than 10 micrograms/L.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Anions, Arsenates, Bro-
mides, Chlorides, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites, Inorganic
phosphates, Sulfates, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition),pH, Water pollution, 'Ion
Chromatography, 'Water pollution detection, Selen-
Ites, Selenates.
PB80-184765 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Waste and Water Management for Conventional
Coal Combustion Assessment Report-1979.
Volume IV. Utilization of FQC Wastes. Final rept.
Sep 77-Aug 79,
Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam. R. R. Lunt, C. B. Cooper, D. E.
Klimschmldt, and I. Bodek. Mar 80,115p EPA/600/7-
80-012D
Contract EPA-68-02-2654
See also Volume 1 dated Jan 80, PB80-158884.
The report, the fourth of five volumes, focuses on utili-
zation of coal ash and FGD wastes. With increasing
utilization of coal, generation of these wastes Is ex-
pected to grow, but at a slower rate than generation,
thus Increasing the volume of wastes sent to disposal.
Many uses for coal ash have been developed in three
categories: as fill material; in the manufacture of
cement, concrete, and pavements; and In miscellane-
ous uses such as ice control and blasting grit. In 1977,
about 21 % of the 61.6 million tons of coal ash generat-
ed was utilized. Current R and D projects on ash focus
on understanding existing uses and developing new
uses including mineral recovery. FGD wastes are not
presently used in the U.S. Potential FGD utilization op-
tions may include use as gypsum substitutes, as fillers
and soil conditioners, In cement and concrete manu-
facture, and construction of artificial reefs. Technical,
environmental, and Institutional barriers (the last being
the most important) constrain utilization. Data gaps
remain In quality requirements for using coal ash and
FGD wastes in specific applications and understand-
ing the institutional constraints to utilization.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Air pollution control, Coal, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Flue gases, Management plan-
ning, Fly ash, Boilers, Bottom ash, Utilization, Cement,
Concrete, Electric power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Waste processing.
PB80-184914 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Level 1 Biological Testing Assessment and Data
Formatting. Final rept. May 78-Jan 80,
Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
David J. Brusick. Apr 80,103p EPA-600/7-80-079
Contract EPA-68-02-2681
The report gives results of an examination of data from
three pilot studies including water effluent, fluidized-
bed combustion, and coal gasification samples, using
a scheme to compare health effects and ecological
bioassay assessment data. The scheme is based on
the assumption that each test method has a maximum
dose (concentration) which can be reliably applied and
that effects based on fractions of the maximum appli-
cable dose (MAD) can be designated as degrees of
toxicity. The levels of toxicity based on fractions of the
MAD are given as high, moderate, low, and nondetec-
table (i.e., no effect detected at the MAD).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bioassay, Physiological ef-
fects, Concentration(Composition), Comparison,
Waste water, Combustion, Fluidized bed processing,
Coal gasification, Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB80-185234 PC A02/MF A01
Bloaecumulatlon of DDT and PCB In Tissues of
Marine Fishes,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. A. Butler, and R. L Schutzmann. 1979,11p EPA-
600/J-79-081
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, Amer. Soc. for Testing and
Materials-Spec. Tec. Pub. 667 p212-220 1979.
Fishes of commercial importance were monitored in
New England coastal waters in 1974 to determine
whether synthetic organic residues in the fish were
large enough to affect the utilization of such fish as
food by man or to interfere with their ability to repro-
duce. About 700 fish of 20 species were pooled in
samples of five to ten and the livers were analyzed.
Several species, including the spiny dogfish, contained
residues of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and
its metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) com-
pounds in the 1 to 10 mlcrograms/g (ppm) range. More
detailed studies of the dogfish in 1975 demonstrated
the transfer of these compounds from the parent fish
to the ovarian egg and the mature fetus. Tne propor-
tions of the DDT metabolites found suggest that this
pesticide had been accumulating in the 18-20 year
period of maturation of the female and was passed on
to the first brood of young. In contrast to the findings of
other investigations, there was no fixed relationship in
the relative magnitude of DDT and PCB residues when
both compounds were present in a sample.
Keywords: 'DOT, 'Pesticides, 'Fishes, 'Toxicology,
Reproduction(Blology), Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, Monitoring, Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Pes-
ticide residues, 'Bioaccumulation, Metabolites, 'Toxic
substances.
PB80-186242 PC A02/MF A01
The American Oyster ('Crassostrea vlrglnlcs') M
an Indicator of Carcinogens In the Aqustlc Envi-
ronment,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
John A. Couch, Lee A. Courtney, James T. Wlnstead,
and Steven S. Foss. 1979,22p EPA-600/J-79-080
Pub. in Animals as Monitors of Environmental Pollut-
ants, p65-48 National Academy of Sciences 1979.
The American oyster (C. virginlca) was used as the ex-
perimental animal for chronic exposure to 3-methyl-
cholanthrene (3-MC) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) In an
exposure system in which the carcinogens can be con-
tinuously Injected into free flowing water at fixed rates
ranging from 1 to 5 mlcrograms/l. Experiments de-
signed to determine uptake and distribution of 14C-MC
and 14C-BP showed that these are concentrated in
oyster tissues in direct proportion to the dosage of car-
cinogen injected Into the system. Residual concentra-
tions as high as 84.4 micrograms/kg of BP were
present In oysters as long as 6 months following expo-
sure. Autoradlography snowed Intense localization of
14C-BP in distal portions of the tubules of the digestive
gland and to a lesser extent in the gonadal tissues.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Water pollution, Carcinogens,
Organic compounds, Hydrocarbons, Exposure, Meth-
December 1983 879
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ylcholanthrene, Pyrenes, Mollusca, "Crassostrea vir-
ginica, Bioindicators, Benzopyrenes.
PB80-185259 PC A03/MF A01
Shrimps (Arthropods: Crustacea: Penaeldae).
Final rept,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
John A. Couch. 1979,26p EPA-600/J-79-083
Pub. in Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates,
Ch7p235-2581979.
The pollution ecology of penaeid shrimps involving in-
dustrial organic chemicals, pesticides, petroleum,
heavy metals, biological agents, and interactions of
the above is discussed. Penaeid shrimps, within their
geographic distribution, can serve as valid indicators of
the presence and effects of many pollutant agents.
Keywords: 'Shrimps, *Animal ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Organic compounds, Pesticides, Crude oil,
Metals, Biocides, Food chains, Crustacea, Arthropods,
Interactions, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Bioin-
dicators.
PB80-185267 PC A04/MF A01
Crabs (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Bra-
chyura). Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Austin B. Williams, and Thomas W. Duke. 1979,63p
EPA-600/J-79-082
Pub. in Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates,
p171-233 1979.
The effects of a few major pollutants on crabs are de-
scribed. Because of their sensitivity to many forms of
man-made pollution, crabs can often be used to pre-
dict adverse influences on the environment and to
evaluate their effects. Crabs are viewed as having un-
altered or 'normal' life histories and ecology or altered
life patterns possibly influenced by pollution in chang-
ing environments. The authors discuss these two cate-
gories and present the 'normal' patterns as a set of
specific vignettes that form a foundation for discussion
of the observed effects of pollutants on four crab spe-
cies.
Keywords: 'Crabs, "Animal ecology, 'Water pollution,
Environmental impacts, Pesticides, Life cycles, Chlor-
ohydrocarbons, Crustacea, Taxonomy, Oil pollution,
Metals, Thermal pollution, Radioactive isotopes,
•Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB80-185374 PC A02/MF A01
Temperature-Monitoring and Safety-Control
Device,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Armond E. Lemke, and Walter F. Dawson. 1 Mar 79,2p
EPA-600/J-79-076
Pub. In Progressive Rsh-Culturlst, v41 n3p165-166 Jul
79.
A two channel (sensitive) temperature monitor is de-
scribed, and a parts list and wiring diagram are given.
This equipment can be used as a safety shut-off or
alarm system, or both. The sensitivity is 0.3C.
Keywords: 'Safety, 'Temperature measuring instru-
ments, Monitoring, Aquatic animals, Invertebrates,
Wiring diagrams, Fisheries, Warning systems, Sensitiv-
ity, Reprints.
PB80-185390 PC A03/ MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Socloeconomlc Impacts of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Volume I: Summary and Im-
plications. Final rept.
Denver Research Inst, CO.
Jun 79,33p
Contract EQ6AC018
See also Volume 2, PB80-185408. Prepared in coop-
eration with Resource Planning Associates, Inc., San
Francisco, CA. Sponsored in part by Geological
Survey, Reston, VA., Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, PB80-
185382.
This report is part of a 4-volume analysis of the socio-
economic impact assessment process for western
energy resource developments. Vol. I provides a gen-
eral analysis of the state-of-the-art, explores the impli-
cations of uncertainty and risk for both preparers and
users of impact assessments, and recommends per-
formance/evaluation standards for future assess-
ments.
Keywords: Employment, Population migrations,
Income, Housing studies, Financing, 'Energy source
development, Resource development, 'Western
Region(United States), Socio-economic factors.
PB80-185416 PC A16/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Socloeconomlc Impacts of Western Energy Re-
source Development. Volume III: Case Studies.
Final rept.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Jun 79,370p
Contract EQ6AC018
See also Volume 2. PB80-185408 and Volume 4,
PB80-185424. Prepared in cooperation with Resource
Planning Associates, Inc., San Francisco, CA. Spon-
sored in part by Geological Survey, Reston, VA., De-
partment of Energy, Washington, DC., and Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E13, PB80-
185382.
Vol. Ill describes the applicatiqn of the demonstration
methodology in two case studies: northwest Colorado
and southeast Utah.
Keywords: Employment, Population migrations,
Income, Housing studies, Financing, Colorado, Utah,
'Energy source development, 'Resource develop-
ment, 'Western Region(United States), Socio-eco-
nomic factors, Case studies.
PB80-185432 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reduction of Pollutant Emissions from Industrial
Boilers by Combustion Modification. Rept. for Jun
73-Sep 75,
KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA.
G. A. Cato, R. E Hall, and L. J. Muzio. Jul 77,12p EPA-
600/J-77-174
Contract EPA-68-02-1074
Pub. in Jnl. of Engineering for Power, v99 n3 p320-328
Jul 77.
The paper describes results of a field test program to
investigate the usefulness of combustion modification
in reducing NOx emissions from industrial boilers
(ranging in size from 11 to 528 GJ/hr). The gaseous
and participate emissions from coal, oil, and natural-
gas fuels were measured both before and after the
combustion modification. Data were taken on partlcu-
late size as well as concentration. The principal com-
bustion modification methods investigated included re-
duced excess combustion air, staged combustion air,
reclrculated flue gas, tuned burners, and reset burner
registers. Staging was Implemented by using overflre
air ports or by turning off the fuel to some burners and
increasing the fuel to others, thus creating zones of
fuel-rich combustion. All of the combustion modifica-
tion methods were effective to varying degrees in re-
ducing the NOx emissions, and reductions of as much
as 50% were obtained with several of the modifica-
tions. In most instances boiler efficiency was not de-
graded, although the paniculate emissions increased
By up to 50% in some cases. There was no substan-
tive effect on the other pollutant emissions that were
measured.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Revisions, Design, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Particles, Flue gases, Reprints.
PB80-1SS440 PC A02/MF A01
Quality Assurance Update,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Thomas R. Hauser. 1979,10p EPA-600/J-79-089
Pub. in Jnl. Environmental Science and Technology,
v13n11 p1356-1362 Nov 79.
An overview of the air pollution quality assurance pro-
gram as implemented by EMSL/RTP is presented. The
discussion includes method standardization oper-
ations for both ambient air and stationary source
measurements, the quality assurance audit program,
the ambient air equivalency program, standard labora-
tory operation, and the development of air pollution
reference materials. In addition, the new EPA manda-
tory Quality Assurance program is discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, Sourc«*
Audits, Standards, Reprints, "Air quality, Stationary
sources.
PB80-185515 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, i**
Office of Water Enforcement.
Estimation of Effluent Limitations to Be
from Properly Operated and Maintained
ment Works. Technical rept., «
Gulp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, »
Dorado Hills, CA.
Daniel J. Hinrichs. 1979, 70p
Contract EPA-68-01-4329
The effluent limitations manual was developed to Pj*
vide a reviewer with information necessary to RBSI
expected unit process performance in terms of °^^
and suspended solids concentrations and is intent""'
mainly for plants of less than 10 mgd flow.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water .
trol, Performance evaluation, Biochemical
demand, Flow rate, Manuals, Suspended solids.
PB80-185549 PC A09/MF **j[
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Researcn i>
angle Park, NC. , ....
Effective Sampling Techniques for Parucuw>,
Emissions from Atypical Stationary Sources- "'»
rept. Feb 77-Jan 79,
FluiDyne Engineering Corp., Minneapolis, MN. .„,,/
D. P. Saari, and H. A. Hanson. Jan 80,200p EPA-6W"
2-80-034
Contract EPA-68-02-1796
See also PB-264 893.
Sampling techniques for measuring particulate <
sions from four 'atypical' stationary source paWfl
were developed and evaluated. The categories in(j'rng
low effluent velocity streams, extended dimensio^
partially or totally uncontined flow, and a
streams or gas streams with entrained lie.
Research included literature surveys, laboratc
testing, and field testing of instruments and tech
on three specific sources - gravity roof ven
grain dryers, and wet scrubbers. These threef
served as representative examples of the four t
source categories. The sampling techniques r*jT|p.
mended for roof ventilator emission measurernenw/j
elude a high volume particulate sampler and a n°?,w
thermopile anemometer deployed near the base o> •
ventilator. The same instruments, deployed ai ^
lower exhaust, are recommended for grain ^i^'^MM
sion measurements. An EPA Method 5 type ""jLjr
train, an inertia! droplet separator, and a Feen°L(j.
probe are recommended for use in wet scrubber«'
sion measurements.
Keywords: 'Particles, Air pollution, Industrie^
Combustion products, Sources, Sampling, FT
Tests, Laboratory equipment, Ventilators,
Scrubbers, Mathematical ....
Concentration(Compositlon), Drops(Liqulds), *''
lution sampling, Stationary sources, Grain dryers.
methods.
PB80-185558 PC A08/MFAO.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Rasearen
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Dlv. out-
Improvement and Evaluation of Methods for «"
fate Analysis. Part II. Final rept. Oct 78-May 70. ^
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley. *" *
Industrial Hygiene Lab. Section. , .,,
B. R. Appel, E. M. Hotter, W. Wehrmeister, M.' ~
and J. J. Wesolowski. Apr 80,106p EPA-600/
Grant EPA-R-805447-1
See also Part 1, PB-298 148.
Methods for extraction of sulfate from glass-fibs' n^e5
and Teflon lo-vol samples were evaluated. EfflCl jo*.
were found to vary with sampling location upto *«gs
Mechanical shaking in water at room temperature ^
significantly more efficient than ultrasonic or '" re
techniques with hi-vol samples. While Teflon
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vS' lts, Precision was at least equal to that of a con-
°"'ional turbidimetric method, but its accuracy was
Son i less' e.sPecial|y at lower sulfate levels. The
tow I i odel 10 ion chromatograph was evaluated for
con. . ' sul'ate analysis using both a sample precon-
woc S?°r and large (0.5 ml) sample loop. The latter
mipJ Preferred technique for samples = or < 20
2 tn *ram/rnl' Accuracy was within 15% in the range
24 « microgram/ml with a median C.V. of 6.5% for
sarnni'10spheric samPles collected with dichotomous
anal!/ • ' ^se °' a sar"P'e pre-concentrator permitted
fate °' sarnP'es containing < 1 microgram/ml sul-
mates, Cleaning, Flue gases, Policies, Land use,
Leaching, Mobility, 'Land application, Path of pollut-
&!M:~: *Gas analysis, 'Sulfates, Chemical analy-
Bari,7~ rac'ion, Samples, Air filters, Chromatography,
resS ^ates. Air pollution, Comparison, X ray fluq-
Bolhrti ' * raV enalysis, Performance evaluation, *Air
ion, Turbidimetric analysis, Ion chroma-
PC A14/MF A01
onmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
' Nc-
o _and Water Management (or Conventional
VohL c*p*U8flon Assessment Report - 1979;
•£* "• Wa«»r Management. Final rept. Sep 77-
tt
rae (Arthur D.), inc., Cambridge. MA.
Kilm«la.mhanam. R- R- Lunt, C. B. Cooper, D. E.
80-0128 '' a"d '' B°dek' Mar80' 318P -
i£*act EPA-68-02-2654
P3|Qa'so Volume 1, PB80-158884 and Volume 5,
Unjv KY 2' PreParedin cooperation wih Louisville
Water8pOrt' the second of five volumes, describes
sourc Management for conventional combustion
8'udia« and assesses the current status of various
trend. • and Programs in water management and
duoas hn.t!ateir recycle/reuse. A coal-fired boiler pro-
'OCUSAO chemical and thermal pollution; the report
Power ni°n the former. The many uses of water in a
lualih," and *ne varying requirements of water
*ater ln n°8e uses present major opportunities for
*astL,«?nservation a«d pollution control through
of annr • management, equalization, and treatment
studiesoprlate *aste streams. Water management
models coniPlet«l by EPA and industry can serve as
mfee luIor new facilities. Treatment systems to maxi-
'"iprovort reuse are bein9 studied by the EPA, and
"ea evaporators appear promising.
ttorfc°rd8: 'Solid waste disposal. 'Coal, 'Water pollu-
a$h SiiM ' "ater conservation, Assessments, Fly
tors' u, • Waste water reuse, Regulations, Evapora-
'Wator te disposal, Cooling water, Chlorination,
Ier management(Applied).
! pc A15/MF A01
9ng|e pa lf"vir°riniental Research Lab., Research Tri-
''i INw.
Conventional
Report - 1979.
Gas Cleaning)
lM 'i w.
C«W ra,ntLWater Management tor
v«um. 05lb"«*l°n: Assessment R
With* ».- Disposal of FGC (Flue
rept. Sep 77-Aug 79,
.), inc., Cambridge, MA.
., , .
1' R- a Lum' c- B- Cooper, D. E.
'• Bodek- Mar 80' 333P EPA-600/7-
9ratlon^iH?lume 2' PB80-1 85564. Prepared in coop-
on wih Louisville Univ., KY.
41 of cP^f*1 tne "fth of five volumes, focuses on dispos-
Prise Pf8-88" and FQD wastes which (together) corn-
pastes. The report assesses the various op-
me disposal of FGC wastes with emphasis on
,iotn d. A number of technical, economic,
iiatory factors appear to encourage increasing
°ry disposal methods. Regulatory consider-
^P^cting FGC waste disposal are assessed.
of the monitoring requirements from
„.. -f regulation and environmental control
1JW- Ongoing studies on the economics of FGC
,™posal are reported and assessed. Environ-
TOpact issues concerning disposal options in-
', public policy and land use, and
ants.
PB80-185630 PC A13/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards, October-March Fiscal Year 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1979.292p EPA-GAD/1-79-01
See also PB-289 857.
Section I lists research, demonstration, training, and
fellowship awards by State, program, and grantee
name. Each record provides applicant name, munici-
pality, program element, title, project director, grant
identification number, type of grant award, date and
dollar amount of award. Section II contains brief
project descriptions for research and demonstration
projects administered by Headquarters and is ar-
ranged in ascending order by the grant identification
number. An index is provided for crossreferencing the
information between Sections I and II.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Grants, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Research projects, Education, Abstracts,
Pesticides, Thermal pollution, Project planning, Univer-
sities. Indexes(Documentation), Bibliographies.
PB80-185663 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for Benzene. Level I - Prelimi-
nary. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Robert L. Hall, Carlos Buitrago, Frank Montecalvo,
Tom Yatsko, and Karen Slimak. 9 May 80,161 p* 2-
800-03-379-51, EPA-560/13-80-014
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
A Level I materials balance was performed on ben-
zene. Data are reported for benzene production from
petroleum by four processes (catalytic reformation, tol-
uene dealkylation, toluene disproportionation, and iso-
lation from pyrolysis gasoline) and for production from
coal during coking. Amounts of benzene consumed for
the synthesis of nine direct derivatives (ethylbenzene,
cumene, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene, maleic anhy-
dride, mono- and dichlorobenzenes, alkylbenzenes,
anthraquinone, and biphenyl) and exports are present-
ed. These uses constitute approximately 93 percent of
total benzene usage. Non-consumptive uses (solvents
and inventory changes) are also tabulated. Emissions
due to each of the above processes are reported or
estimated where possible. In addition, emissions due
to indirect production (refinery operation, coke oven
operations, oil spills, non-ferrous metals manufactur-
ing, ore mining, wood processing, coal mining, and two
phases of the textle industry) are presented. Produc-
tion of benzene as a component of gasoline and emis-
sions due to gasoline use are estimated. Locations of
sites with high densities of benzene producers and
users are tabulated: the major 'hotspots' are Houston/
Galveston, Texas; Corpus Christi, Texas; Beaumont/
Port Arthur, Texas; and Puerto Rico. The uncertainty
ranges of all numbers used or derived in this report are
evaluated and general recommendations are present-
ed. The results of the report are summarized in two fig-
ures: the Environmental Flow Diagram for benzene in
Appendix A, and the Materials Balance Diagram in the
Executive Summary.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Petroleum products, 'Coal,
'Material balance, Manufcturing, international trade,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Consumption, Fuels, Gasoline,
Design, Process charting, Catalysis, Toluene, Pyroly-
sis, Chemical reactions, Utilization, Emission factors.
PB80-185713
PC A06/MF A01
* *Coal. 'Solid waste disposal. 'Water pollu-
in9, RanM ' Assessments, Fly ash, Liquids, Monitor-
ne8Ulations, Environmental impacts, Cost esti-
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey (1978). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mobile Source Enforcement Div.
Nov78,113p EPA/300/03-76-001
A survey was performed to (1) assess the rate of vehi-
cle emission tampering on a nationwide basis, (2)
assess the most prevalent forms of tampering, and (3)
quantify the relationship between tampering and idle
test emission scores. 1953 vehicles comprising model
years 1973 through 1978 were inspected in Delaware,
Maine, Virginia, Washington, Tennessee, and Texas,
during state safety inspections or police roadside
checks. An overall tampering rate of 5.8% was found.
Tampering increased with age of the vehicle and, in
general tampered vehicles had higher idle emissions.
Tampering was most prevalent with the exhaust gas
recirculation system.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Inspection, Performance evaluation, Ex-
haust emissions, Surveys, Vehicle tampering.
PB80-185796 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Aircraft Emission Control Parameters.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Oct 75, 24p EPA-AA-AC-75-02
The impetus for this current analysis of the controlling
parameter for aircraft emissions is the ongoing devel-
opment of international emission regulations through
the international Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
The May 1975 meeting of the Aircraft Engine Emission
Study Group (AEESG) of ICAO discussed various ap-
proaches to specifying the parameter for controlling
aircraft emissions. Appendix A is the record of the
meeting pertinent to the controlling parameter. During
the May meeting, the viable parameters were nar-
rowed to two basic approaches. Namely, the use of a
measure of pollutants normalized by fuel flow and pol-
lutants normalized by thrust or impulse. This report
provides an analysis of the merits and disadvantages
of these two different approaches.
Keywords: 'Aircraft engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Jet
engines, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Thrust, Air pollu-
tion control equipment.
PB80-185960 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for Chlorophenols. Level I - Pre-
liminary- Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Robert L. Hall, Phuoc Le, Tien Nguyen, Michael Katz,
and Karen Slimak. 4 Feb 80,123p* 2-800-03-379-14,
EPA-560/13-80-004
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
This report presents a Level I materials balance study
on 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichloro-
phenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
phenol and pentachlorophenol. Areas of major interest
were production quantities, producers, consumption
amounts and emissions to air, land, and water related
to the above sources. The estimated production quan-
tities in 1976 of the compounds studied were as fol-
lows: 2-chlorophenol, 9000 kkg; 4-chlorophenol, 9800
kkg; 2,4-dichlorophenol, 39,000 kkg; 2,4,5-trichloro-
phenol, 6300 kkg; 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, 1,800
kkg; and pentachlorophenol, 22,000 kkg. Waterborne
emission was considered to be the mam pathway of
Chlorophenols release to the environment because of
the physical characteristics of these chemicals. The
estimated quantities of aquatic emissions associated
with the Chlorophenols studied were as follows: 2-
chlorophenol, 430 kkg; 4-chlorophenol, 650 kkg; 2,4-
dichlorophenol, 870 kkg; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 105
kkg; 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, 67-160 kkg; pentach-
lorophenol, 840 -1400 kkg. Throughout this report, es-
timations and assumptions were made in places where
needed information was not available. Bases for these
estimations were stated and defined. Recommenda-
tions for further studies were also made.
Keywords: 'Material balance, "Chemical industry,
Manufacturing, Water pollution, Air pollution, Physical
properties, Utilization, International trade, Sources,
Design, Process charting, 'Phenol/chloro, 'Phenol/
dichloro, 'Phenol/trichloro, 'Phenol/tetrachloro,
'Phenol/pentachloro, Land pollution.
PB80-186018 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Properties and Plant Growth Potential of Mlneland
Overburden. Final rept.,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
W. R. Byrnes, W. W. McFee, and J. G. Stockton. Mar
80,68p EPA-600/7-80-054,, USDA/SEA/CR-10
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champaign. Agricultural Experiment Station.
December 1983 881
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Overburden materials from surface coal mines in
southwestern Indiana were analyzed for physical and
chemical properties. Plant growth potential of selected
materials, with and without sewage sludge and fertiliz-
er amendments, was evaluated in greenhouse pot cul-
ture and outdoor containers using alfalfa, small grains
and tree seedlings.
Keywords: *Coal mining, "Plant growth, "Plant ecolo-
gy, Vegetation, Soil tests, Sediments, Soil horizons,
Glacial till, Loess, Shales, Sandstones, Sludge, Fertil-
izers, Physical properties, Toxicity, Regression analy-
sis, Conductivity, Water storage, Indiana.
PB80-186026 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of NS-100 Re-
verse Oamotls Membrane. Final rept. 1 Jun 75-15
Apr 76,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
FL.
Kenneth J. McNulty, Donald C. Grant, John R.
Harland, and Robert L. Goldsmith. Apr 80,38p EPA-
600/2-80-059
Grant EPA-R-803753
Prepared In cooperation with Abcor, Inc., Wilmington,
MA.WaldenDlv.
Laboratory life tests were conducted with B-9 and NS-
100 reverse osmosis (RO) membranes treating zinc
cyanide plating solution at 10% of bath strength. The
B-9 membrane was degraded by the high pH of the so-
lution which was beyond the upper pH limit (pH 11)
recommended for this membrane. The NS-100 mem-
brane showed little deterioration in performance over
the first 500 hours of operation. A reduction in perme-
ate flux and rejection after 500 hours appeared to be
due to precipitation of salts which resulted from oper-
ation In the closed loop test system and would not be
expected in actual field operation. Field tests were
conducted at New England Plating Company treating
rinsewater from the zinc cyanide plating operation with
a module of seven tubular NS-100 reverse osmosis
membranes. A number of attempts were made to fabri-
cate an NS-100 spiral-wound module, but all were un-
successful. Further development will be required
before the NS-100 can be commercially offered in an
economically attractive configuration.
Keywords: 'Membranes, 'Water pollution control,
•Electroplating, Osmosis, Performance evaluation,
Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Industrial waste
treatment, Design, 'Reverse osmosis, 'Zinc cyanide,
•Spiral wound membranes.
PB80-186042 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mode of Action of Cyclodlene Insecticides: The
Nervous System Influenced by Toxaphene,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Entomology.
Larry A. Crowder. Jan 80,111 p EPA-600/1 -80-003
Grant EPA-R-804351
See also PB-251 670.
A study was made concerning the mode of action, ex-
cretion, metabolism, and behavioral effects of toxa-
phene and combinations of toxaphene, methyl parath-
ion, and/or chlordimeform in various insects, the
mouse and rat. Toxaphene (1) altered ionic move-
ments within the central nervous system of the cock-
roach, Periplaneta americana, (2) increased levels of
cAMP and cGMP in tissues of the cockroach, Leuco-
phaea maderae, and the mouse, and (3) inhibited
ATPase enzymes in tissues of P. americana and the
mouse. Rat pups perinatally exposed to sublethal
doses of toxaphene and methyl parathion showed few
significant changes in motor skills, behavior, or learn-
ing ability. Postnatal exposure to toxaphene did lead to
an impairment of learning ability in adult rats as meas-
ured by a simple T-maze. Combining chlordimeform
and methyl parathion with 36CI recovered in feces and
the amount deposited in tissues of orally-dosed mice.
Combining toxaphene with methyl parathion did not
potentiate the toxicity of methyl parathion under labo-
ratory conditions to various hemipteran predators and
lepidopterous pests.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides,
'Terpenes, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Cnlorohy-
drocarbons, Halohydrocarbons, Nervous system, Me-
tabolism, Excretion, Rats, Insects, Laboratory animals,
Experimental data, Physiological effects, Toxaphene.
PB80-186422 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Estimated Costs for Preparation and Submission
of Reproposed Premanufacture Notice Form.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sep 79, 74p EPA-560/12-79-005
Contract EPA-68-01 -4717
The purpose of the study is to estimate the cost to the
chemicals industry for preparation and submission of
the reproposed Premanufacture Notice (PMN) form.
This reproposed form was prepared by the EPA Office
of Toxic Substances as part of the implementation of
Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Keywords: 'Reporting, 'Cost estimates, 'Chemical in-
dustry, Records management, Toxicology, Hazardous
materials, Contaminants, Regulations, Manufacturers,
Imports, "Toxic Substances Control Act, Environmen-
tal protection.
PB80-186505 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development and Standardization of Identifica-
tion and Monitoring Techniques for Baculovlrus
Pesticides. Research rept.,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ento-
mology.
Max D. Summers. May 80,87p
Grant EPA-R-805232
Biological pesticides, In particular the microbial formu-
lations, are fundamentally different from chemical pes-
ticides in the nature and mode of action of the active
agent. The pesticidal action is dependent on the activi-
ties of living organisms. Identification, detection and
monitoring methods for biological pesticides, because
of their nature and characteristics, are divergent from
those classically associated with chemical toxicants.
Therefore, a new class of standardized, specific and
sensitive methods must be developed. One objective
of this grant was the development, adaptation and ap-
plication of specific sensitive diagnostic and clinical
techniques for identification, detection and monitoring
of viral pesticides. A portion of this research was also
commited to study some of the basic biology and char-
acteristics of baculoviruses so that a more thorough
understanding of the limitations of the developed mon-
itoring technology would be better understood. This
technology can now be applied for the assessment of
health and ecological effects, as well as for regulatory
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Viruses, Diagnosis, Identify-
ing, Development, Standardization, Microorganisms,
Detection, Serology, Purification, Preparation, Insects,
Pathogens, "Biological pest control, Baculoviruses,
DNA viruses, Insect viruses, Monitoring.
PB80-186521 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Surface
Mining. Part V: Age and Growth of Walleyes and
Saugers In the Tongue River Reservoir, Montana,
1975-77. Final rept.,
Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Boze-
man.
Victor L. Riggs, and Richard W. Gregory. Mar 80, 56p
EPA-600/3-80-038
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also Part 4, PB80-144793.
A study was conducted between 1975-1977 on the
populations of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and
sauger (Stizostedion canadense) in the Tongue River
Reservoir, in southeastern Montana. The Tongue
River Reservoir is the recipient of mine water effluents
from the Decker Mine, the largest surface coal mine in
the western United States. The objective of the study
was to determine possible impacts of the mine on the
walleye and sauger populations in the reservoir, and to
provide data against which future comparisons can be
made. These species were chosen because they are
two of the most important game fishes in the reservoir.
The age and growth of 640 walleyes and 546 saugers
were determined from collections made in gill nets,
trap nets, and by electrofishing.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, "Fishes, 'Water pollution,
'Tongue River Reservoir, Mine waters, Acidity, Strip
mining, Concentration(Composition), Environmental
impacts, Age, Growth, Marking, Toxicity, Stizostedion
vitreum, Stizostedion canadense, Baseline studies,
Acid mine drainage.
PB80-186539 PC A12/MF AOl
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. lllu
Workshop on Verification of Water Ou»111'
Models. Final rept. Sep-Dec 79,
Hydroscience, Inc., Westwood, NJ.
John A. Mueller, and Elin Vinci. Apr 80, 275p EPA-
600/9-80-016
Contract EPA-68-01-3872
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (•-••-..._,
a 'National Workshop on the Verification of wsn»
Quality Models' to evaluate the state-of-the-art w
water quality modeling and make specific recorn me
dations for the direction of future modeling efforts, rm
ticipants represented a broad cross-section of pfjrr
tioners of water quality modeling in government, , w*
demia, industry, and private practice. The issues ui
cussed during this workshop, which was held In vw>
Point, N.Y., on 7-9 March 1979, were models in oeci
sion-maklng, model data bases, modeling
and software validation, model parameter
model verification, and models as pre
These topics were discussed by worksho
who were organized Into small groups,
discussed the state of the art of a specific brswno
water quality modeling. Groups were divided '.Jj°c j|i"
of wasteload generation, transport, sallnlty-TDO. "»
solved oxygen-temperature, bacteria-virus, euirop
cation, and hazardous substances.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water
•Reviews, 'Meetings, Evaluation, Industries,
making, Government, Universities, Salinity,
Dissolved gases, Temperature, Bacteria, Viruses, TW»
ardous materials, Nonpoint sources, Total diw"
solids.
PB80-187222 PC AOS/M
Office of Research and Development Pro9""
Guide, Fiscal Year 1980. Rept. for 1 Oct 79-30 *w
80. -f.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, i**
Oct 79, 91 p EPA-600/9-79-038
See also report dated Jan 79, PB-292 003.
The Program Guide crovides the public with in',°r?J-
tion on the Office of Research and Development sy ^
rent extramural research program. It describes ^""^jfi
the major budget units, the funds associates i
each, and the responsible laboratory(ies). I" a°( -gcli
the Guide contains an organizational directory °°
laboratory/office, as well as a list of who to con
each of EPA's regional offices.
Keywords: 'Environmental protection,
management, National government, Air
Public health, Industrial waste treatment,
water, Water quality, Water pollution, Fo0". JC.
Energy, Pesticides, Radiation effects, Ecotofliw"
cession, Waste management, Water supply. e"*I $
mental Protection Agency, Air pollution abaterne" . ^
pollution control, Air pollution effectsfHumansK^
quality, Pollution control, Environment manage'
Research and development.
PB80-187271 PC A06/MF . AO^
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Base*"''
angle Park, NC. , noil*"
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired*" r
for Emissions Control and Efficiency ""P1
ment - Site G. Final rept. Feb-Mar 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L. Langsjoen, J. O. Burlingame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. Apr 80, 1 17p EPA-600/7-80-082A
Contract DOE-EH-77-C-01 -2609
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-285 172,
289. Sponsored in part by American Boiler
turers Association, Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements "J^,..
on a 75,000 Ib/hr coal-fired spreader-stoker •££„,
The effects of various parameters on boiler em"j.jdsd
and efficiency were studied. Parameters ""
overfire air, flyash reinjection, excess air,
and fuel properties. Measurements include
NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, HC, controlled and un
paniculate loading, particle size distribution °\
controlled flyash, and combustible content o . "'"-port
In addition to test results and observations, tne
gti-
882 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mo . -— ' the facility tested, coals fired, test equip-
"oni, and procedures. Participate loading on this unit
nS?9!!? 5-09 Ib/million Btu uncontrolled and 0.28 Ib/
"mnpn Btu controlled at full load. Nitric oxide emissions
swaged 0.49 Ib/million Btu (360 ppm) at full load.
ReSB"Jrds: *Air pollution control, "Boilers, 'Stokers,
Pa*. *' 'ndustrial wastes, Combustion products,
Partfi nce evaluation, Oxygen, Efficiency, Fly ash,
Ida MU Slze distribution, Hydrocarbons, Carbon diox-
ide cr°8en 9xide 269P EPA/600/7-
can I?]*0 pB80-187171. Sponsored in part by Ameri-
Qoner Manufacturers Association, Arlington, VA.
sarnS?'8 SuPPlement is a compilation of test data pre-
tectari? flreater *?ail than was practical in the final
details*' reP°rt- '*ia intended to provide the necessary
'ormin r.otner researchers who are interested in per-
COntraMr own analysis. Readers are referred to the
dajJS-f "nal report for information as to objectives,
"lent « if °' facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
sions Tt? Procedures, interpretations, and conclu-
»,,^_' '.ne final technical report also contains data
= •
"lentT18.8 not found in tr|is Supplement. The Supple-
Parttr., j ntains Panel board data for each test, detailed
Satein£' °2' c°2' CO- NO, N02, S02, and S03
of the?™'16 toe distribution data, chemical analysis
ble«,Li •• coal size consistency data, and combusti-
"naiysis and overfire air traverse data.
s: .Air pO||utJon conM> 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
n Products, Industrial wastes, Field tests,
evaluation, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
xide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen diox-
''dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Particle size distribu-
m er?loal analysis, Coal, Flue gases,
iuata), Concentration(Composition), Sampling.
£880.
iii«c"" PC A07/MF A01
, ™ Environmental Research Lab., OR.
bVcfe D and EHect» of Crude °» sP|lled on Su-
rePt 1975 «ma(r°8t Terraln ln 'nt«rlor Alaska. Final
'WtoSil'1 Regions Research and Engineering Ub.,
L. A jJSnwn9ht, AK. Alaskan Projects Office.
CollJn ' P™»on. E. B. Sparrow, T. F. Jenkins, C. M.
V' DavenPort. Mar 80, 143p EPA-600/
«n AI« L Crude oil, 'Permafrost, 'Terrain, 'Forest
wiir8 Ka' Seasonal variations, Motion, Thermal
plante(Botany), Microbiology. Environmen-
! poncentrationlComposition), Monitoring,
airbanks(Alaska).
pc A03/MF A01
of a M-1S1 Jeep and Two 1973 Ford
d bV 141 CID PROCO Stratified
- Technical rept.
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
5 V Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
>• 40p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-27
'«tratHi2?r*Jnnied Combustion Process (PROCO) or
*«opm d Char9e' engine concept has been under de-
Un*r S. .at the pord Motor Company since 1958.
Contracts with the United States Army Tank-
Automotive Command initiated in December of 1967,
Ford converted ten L-141 military utility truck engines
to PROCO. Four of these engines were installed In M-
151 jeeps which were tested for emissions and durabil-
ity. Another four engines were used in dynamometer
testing. At the conclusion of the Army program, the En-
vironmental Protection Agency contracted to have
three of the latter four engines installed in 1973 Ford
Capris. The purpose was to evaluate the PROCO
engine in a vehicle more representative of typical pas-
senger cars than the military jeep. This report covers
the testing of number three of the four military jeeps,
and preliminary testing of two of the Capris. Also in-
cluded are results of non-regulated emission tests
conducted on one of the PROCO Capris and a stand-
ard 2.0 litre Capri at Southwest Research Institute.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Stratified charge en-
gines. Internal combustion engines, Fuel injectors, Air
pollution control equipment, Fuel consumption, Ex-
haust emissions, M-151 vehicles, Ford Capris automo-
biles, Motor vehicles(1973 models).
PB80-187388 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quantitative Analysis of Polynuclear Aromatic Hy-
drocarbons In Liquid Fuels. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct
78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jerry L. Parr. Apr 80, 44p EPA-600/2-80-069
Contract EPA-68-02-2466
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs), formed in
combustion processes with, liquid hydrocarbon fuels,
contribute to mobile source exhaust emissions. Be-
cause correlation between PNA levels in automobile
exhaust and pre-existent PNAs in fuel has been dem-
onstrated in previous work, a quantitative analysis of
12 individual polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
present in various aircraft turbine, diesel, and gasoline
test fuels was determined in this project. The PNAs in-
cluded phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene,
pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, triphenylene,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene,
benzo(g,h,i)pen/lene, coronene and anthanthrene.
The fuel samples were analyzed by combined gas
chromatograpny/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after a
preliminary isolation/concentration scheme. Liquid
crystal chromatographic columns were employed to
resolve isomeric PNAs. The results indicated that
anthanthrene and coronene were not detected in any
of the samples analyzed.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclio hydrocarbons, 'Motor
vehicle fuels, 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Exhaust
emissions, Comparison, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Samples, Diesel fuels, Gasoline.
PB80-187420 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Review of Concurrent Mass Emission and Opacity
Measurements for Coal-burning Utility and Indus-
trial Boilers. Final rept. Aug 79-Feb 80,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. J. Brennan, Richard Dennis, and D. R. Roeck. Mar
80,100pGCA-TR-80-3-G, EPA-600/7-80-062
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
The report gives results of concurrent particulate emis-
sions and opacity measurements based on visual ob-
servations and/or in-stack transmissometry for more
than 400 compliance, acceptance, or experimental
tests on coal-fired utility and industrial boilers. The
sampling, which includes a capacity range of a few to
several hundred megawatts and typical firing methods
(pulverized, stoker, and cyclone), in most cases re-
flects flyash control by electrostatic precipitation, al-
though filters or mechanical collectors were used at a
few installations. All opacity measurements were
standardized to their equivalent values for a 4 m (13.0
ft) diameter stack before being compared with their
corresponding particulate emissions, the latter ex-
pressed as actual grams per cubic meter. No discerni-
ble correlations applicable to all sources were ob-
served, although some modest (but apparently signifi-
cant) correlations were noted on an Individual source
basis. Report findings were sufficiently encouraging to
warrant further analyses relating to in-stack transmis-
someter measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, "Opacity, 'Boil-
ers, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Fly ash, Electrostatic precipitation, Air
filters, Sampling, Transmissometers, Mass, 'Coal fired
power plants.
PB80-187438 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charge Measurements of Particles Exiting Elec-
trostatic Preclpltators. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 79,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
J. R. McDonald, M. H. Anderson, and R. B. Mosley. Apr
80, 59p SORI-EAS-80-332,3858-10, EPA-600/7-80-
077
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
The report gives results of an investigation of particle
charging in positive and negative corona discharge as
a function of temperature from 38 to 343C in order to
establish, especially at hot-side electrostatic precipita-
tor (ESP) temperatures, the relative effectiveness of
the two possible methods of charging. Charge values
on individual particles exiting two laboratory ESPs
were measured in an experimental apparatus utilizing
a Millikan cell. Measurements were directed at fine
particles with radii between 0.3 and 1.5 micrometers.
Measurements were obtained for redispereed fly ash
particles carried in air at temperatures from 38 to
343C. The electrode geometries and electrical operat-
ing conditions utilized were typical of full-scale ESPs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Electric charge, Electric corona,
Mathematical models, Ions, Laboratory equipment.
PB80-187446 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency,. Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions
from a Malfunctioning Three-Way Catalyst Gaso-
line Automobile. Final rept. Aug 78-Nov 79,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Charles M. Urban. Jan 80,171 p SWRI-11 -5402, EPA-
460/3-80-005
Contract EPA-68-03-2692
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from a current model three-way catalyst-equipped gas-
oline automobile operating under malfunction condi-
tions. One automobile was evaluated over three driv-
ing schedules in the unmodified configuration and in
four engine and/or emission control system malfunc-
tion configurations. Exhaust emission constituents
measured, in addition to the currently regulated emis-
sions, include: particulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sul-
fides, amines, metals and several additional elements
and compounds. Additional evaluations, in each of the
configurations, involved the measurement of the regu-
lated emissions over four short-test procedures.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust
emissions, Regulations, Particles, Sulfates, Alde-
hydes, Sulfides, Amines, Metals, Tests, Failure, Sam-
ples, Gasoline, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems),
Procedures.
PB80-187453 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
A Study of Exhaust Emissions from 1978-1980
Model Year Three Way Catalyst Vehicles In Los
Angeles. Final rept.,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA.
Lawrence L. Moore, and Alan D. Jones. Mar 80,269p
EPA-460/3-80-006
Contract EPA-68-03-2889
This report presents and summarizes exhaust emis-
sion data and other information obtained as a result of
the testing and inspection of 350 in-use passenger
cars. The test fleet was made up of 1978, 1979 and
1980 automobiles manufactured by Ford, General
Motors, Mazda, Saab, Toyota, Volkswagen/Audi and
Volvo. Each vehicle was equipped with a three way
catalyst control system. They were obtained randomly
from private owners in the Los Angeles and Orange
County areas. The testing was completed December,
1979. Each vehicle was tested only in as-received con-
dition. The test sequence consisted of the 1975 Feder-
December 1983 883
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al Test Procedure (exhaust emissions only), a Highway
Fuel Economy test, a Two-Speed Idle test, a Federal
Three Mode test, and a Loaded Two Mode test. After
the Initial teat sequence, each vehicle was subjected
to a thorough underhood inspection.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, "Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobiles, Inspection, Tests, Sampling,
Concentration(Compostion), Tables(Data), California,
'Catalyst reactors(Exhaust systems), Los
Angeles(CaMornia).
PB80-187461 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of the Aerated Lagoon
System at North Gulfport, Mississippi. Final rept. 1
Aug 75-31 Jul 77,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. Dept of Environmen-
tal Health Sciences.
Andrew J. Englande, Jr. Mar 80, 266p EPA-600/2-80-
006
Grant EPA-R-803899
This report from the Department of Environmental
Health Sciences of Tulane University presents the
data collected over a one-year monitoring period at the
Orange Grove Lagoon System located in Gulfport,
Mississippi. Results indicate that during the study
period the treatment system did not exceed the federal
biochemical oxygen demand average monthly require-
ment of 30 mg/l nor the seven consecutive day limit of
45 mg/l. The stringent permit level of 15 mg/l set by
the Mississippi Air and Water Pollution Control Com-
mission, however, was exceeded in all cases. A yearly
average of 30.7 mg/l of Total Suspended Solids was
recorded. The system never exceeded federal or state
pH criteria. Fecal coliform standards of 200 colonies/
100 ml were met only during the months of January
and February. Non-compliance was due to low residu-
al chlorine levels resulting from poor design and oper-
ational control. Other parameters were monitored,
summarized, and discussed.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
'Performance evaluation, Aeration, Design criteria,
Biochemical oxygen demand, pH, Coliform bacteria,
Standards, Chlorine, Concentration(Composition),
Monitoring, Mississippi, Total suspended solids.
PB80-187479 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Select Topics In Stormwater Management Plan-
ning for New Residential Developments. Final rept.
Jul 77-Jan 79,
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Robert Berwick, Michael Shapiro, Jochen Kuhner,
Daniel Luecke, and Janet J. Wineman. Mar 80,223p
EPA-600/2-80-013
Grant EPA-R-805238
Several aspects of Stormwater management planning
for new residential developments are investigated!
Areas of research include the evaluation of pollutant
accumulation and washoff data using exploratory sta-
tistical techniques; simulations to compare the relative
effectiveness of various control measures and layout
patterns from a small subdivision; formulation of
simple stochastic models for Stormwater management
planning; estimation of cost models for conventional
storm sewer systems; and evaluation of institutional
and political problems in implementing non-conven-
tional control measures. Analysis of existing data on
street surface accumulation and washoff suggests the
modification of functional forms and parameter values
in current storm water simulation models such as
STORM or SWMM that are used to estimate street
loadings and washoff. Simulation studies, used to
evaluate the effect of on-site control measures and de-
velopment layout on runoff, indicate that porous pave-
ment and interactions with subdivision layout are im-
portant In controlling runoff. Three simple stochastic
models were developed to illustrate their use as pre-
liminary planning tools.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution
control, Stochastic processes, Mathematical models,
Cost effectiveness. Land use, Economic impact, Resi-
dential buildings, Storm sewers, Drainage, Cost esti-
mates, Design, Political objectives, Accumulation, Hy-
draulics, 'Storm water runoff, Institutional framework,
Design storm.
PB80-187487 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Advances In Particle Sampling and
Measurement (Oaytona Beach, FL, October 1979).
Rept. for Apr-Nov 79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. B. Smith. Jan 80, 419p EPA-600/9-80-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3118
The proceedings consist of 20 reports of research on
equipment and techniques for sampling and character-
izing paniculate emissions and other aerosols. The in-
halable particle size range (up to 15 micrometers) is
emphasized, and the basis for selecting this range as a
standard is discussed. Novel or improved equipment
includes: virtual impactors; impactors for sampling high
dust loadings; an impactor/quartz-crystal-microba-
lance combination used to sample stratospheric aero-
sols; a tapered-element oscillating microbalance for
monitoring paniculate emissions and aerosols; an
automated piezoelectric microbalance for monitoring
atmospheric aerosols; a hot-wire probe for measuring
liquid droplets; sampling systems that are improve-
ments on EPA Method 5 equipment for measuring
mass emissions; and more efficient sampling probe
inlets. New or improved techniques include: measure-
ment of aerodynamic diameter by laser/doppler velo-
cimetry of particles accelerated in a converging
nozzle; automation of diffusion-battery/condensation
nucleus counter systems; sampling inhalable particles
in fugitive aerosols; particle-size spectrometry for char-
acterizing inhalation toxicity; computer extrapolation of
particle-size ranges; and the identification of impactor
errors due to nonideal behavior to particle deposition
in sampling probe nozzles.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Meetings, Sampling, Air pollu-
tion, Aerosols, Particle size, Impactors, Velocity meas-
urement, Mass, Laboratory equipment, Drops(Liquids),
Deposition, Dust, Concentration(Composition), *Air
pollution sampling, EPA method 5, Fugitive emissions.
PB80-187529 PC A12/MF A01
Results of a Joint U.S.A./U.S.S.R. Hydrodynamlc
and Transport Modeling Project. Appendices B, C,
and D. Final rept. May-Dec 77,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse Me, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
John F. Paul, William L. Richardson, Alexandr B.
Grostko, and Anton A. Matveyev. Sep 79,252p EPA-
600/3-79-101
See also PB-293 516.
A joint modeling project with scientists from the U.S.A.
and U.S.S.R. has been accomplished. The three geo-
graphical areas investigated include Lake Baikal and
the Sea of Azov in the U.S.S.R. and Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron in the U.S.A. The modeling approaches
ranged from those employing material and mass con-
servation to describe water movement to those involv-
ing solution of the complete three-dimensional hydro-
dynamic equations. The modeling calculations were
compared to available data and, in all cases, reasona-
ble agreement was obtained. This report covers a
periodi from May 1977 to December 1977, and work
was completed as of April 1978.
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Circulation, 'Lakes,
'Oceans, Mathematical models, Three dimensional
flow, Ocean currents, Lake Baikal, Azov Sea, USSR,
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, United States, Water bal-
ance, Translations, 'Ocean circulation.
PB80-187S4S PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Iron Casting. Final
rept. Mar 77-Mar 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
V. H. Baldwin, Jr. Jan 80,171 p* EPA-600/2-80-021
Contract EPA-68-02-2630
Sampling of ductile iron casting in green sand molds
with phenolic isocyanate cores and in phenol-formal-
dehyde bound shell molds did not provide definitive
proof that environmentally hazardous organic emis-
sion occur. Both molding systems produced the same
type of major emissions, alkyl halides, carboxylic acid
derivatives, amines, substituted benzenes, nitrogen
heterocyclics, and fused aromatics in quantities that
slightly exceed the lowest Minimum Acute Toxicity Ef-
fluent (MATE) values for the categories, but probably
not for individual compounds. GOMS analysis re-
vealed
the major fused aromatics to be naEnth,fNA's
compounds. Quantitative analysis of *P0cm°L dust
showed no significant level of concern. >yxQ*"* Of
De*
.
emissions are hazardous if uncontrolled t
silicon, chromium, and nickel. The dust is sum** f
high in 12 metals to render it a hazardous waste a w
lected as a sludge and landfilled, but leachate tew*
may change that categorization. Relatively hign w '
of Sr, Ba, Ce, Pr, and Nd in the dust indicate tnai mw
lation smoke should be examined.
Keywords: 'Iron castings, 'Air pollution, *E
tal surveys, Industrial wastes, Combustion proo "
Sampling, Sites, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, nic
tides, Solid wastes disposal, Water PO^^i-odNrri-
compounds, Design, Inorganic compounds, JJjSJjr.
um, Praseodymium, Aromatic polycyclic nyuiu
bons, Gas chromatography, Mass sP8^r,S^ Se-
Smoke, Strontium, Barium, Cesium, 'Air Ppllu'~"
tection, 'Air pollution sampling, Fugitive emissions.
PB80-187552 PC A04/MF; M>1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, /Vocal
Urban Air: A Guide to the Clean Air Act for w»-
Elected Officials, . . .... nC.
United Stales Conference of Mayors, Washington, u~
Audrey Hotter, and Tom McClimon. Feb 80, 70p
Grant EPA-T-900882-01
H i^iVi if (-'v^-i Wi IV WfJOi iiiroi 11
Development, Washington, DC.
The report explores experiences of cities
resolve conflicts between the requirements
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (CAA
of city programs such as economic growth,
tion and community development. It also s
local officials better understand about the
iui»ai uiiii
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
unit.
™ and worst case
i dltlons' were U88d to estimate the
impact of emissions from this type of
""Uorrtmi ^"pnmental surveys, 'Boilers, Alrpollu-
p«rtlcles rirt i P°llutlon control, Sulfur dioxide,
gen oxld»«o 1? rn' LeadlMetal), Assessments, Nltro-
^"ibustion^f anar/«l8, Concentratlon(Composltlon),
tol ImcX Eoduct8' Industrial wastes, Envlronmen-
Pl«ntsSoHri;; , ° power Plant8' *Coal flred P°wer
' Ulla wastes, Land pollution,
'^WrlSIr??! PC A08/MF A01
ing), PaVk Ncnmental Research Lab., Research Trl-
bl"8n»l" r'OC»««««. Final rant .Inn TB-Aim 7Q
-».-.i.j, Muscle Shoals, AL Div. of
J- 0. VeFrh'Tl1^10"8 and Technology,
*>• 174D PnT^8'88'6'and T-w- Tarkington. Feb
"»P EDT-105, EPA-600/7-80-022
•fc.
flwes results of economic evaluations of
"rnestone scrubbing waste disposal In a
^•vo Um'J%and^ln a 'andfHI after treatment with a
(new GOO ,5vS0- chemical additive. For the base case
•*. 10 snoVo^'^estern plant burning 3.5% S, 16%
"""e dlson..? u/lb ooa|)' capital investment for the
*/l Add'™V88' *Limestone scrubbing,
PC A12/MF A01
rimental Research Lab., Research Tri-
1«erlno
j, L jj. *
ln scrubber sy"em'-
• Chartottesvil!e. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
? 80' 257P EPA-600/7-80-083
H'68 the liquid-Phase oxidation kinetics of
neni dvs"lfrte anlons (determined in bench scale
' to conditions representative of limestone
*1 for flue gas desulf urization. The cheml-
lurr r?tes were determined for clear solutions
ow7 calcium sulfite when gas-to-liquid trans-
!1 was not a limiting resistance. From the
fc1 results, a mathematical model was de-
rnos ini me ov«rall oxidation rate of calcium sulfite
i°n. Tlvo Udln9 so'ids dissolution and chemical reac-
£9 PH d,Svera" rate 'S shown to decline with increas-
£* aoBdrtJ0 the reduced solubility of calcium sulfite;
i8>i WH -^solution rate is thus the limiting factor at
i* ordL e homogeneous chemical oxidation rate is
*» oxidltf™1 '"creases with pH. Organic acids inhibjt
Se anS i n reaction, especially glyolic acid. Manga-
**PrS2Jron catalyze the oxidation reaction even In
B8ence of organic inhibitors.
S* v?i, "Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
tion, -Sulfur dioxide, "Electric power
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
Reaction kinetics, Limestone, Calcium car-
" Chemical reactors, Laboratory equip-
sulfttes, Mathematical models, Slurries,
Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desul-
PB80-187941 PC A02/MF A01
Science and Education Administration, Washington,
DC. Cooperative Research.
Direct-Seeding of Commercial Tree* on Surface-
Mine Spoil. Final rept.,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Forestry.
Donald H. Graves, Stanley B. Carpenter, and Robert F.
Wlttwer. Apr 80,18p USDA/SEA/CR-12,, EPA-600/7-
80-073
Grant EPA-706-15-7
Two small-seeded species, Paulownla (Paulownia to-
mentosa), and European alder (Alnus glutinosa) and
three large seeded species, northern reef oak (Quercus
rubra), pin oak (Quercus palustrls), and bur oak (Quer-
cus macrocarpa) were direct-seeded on three aspects
on mlnesoll In eastern Kentucky. Treatments Included
four mulch applications-water-borne fiber mulch,
hardwood bark, bark and manure, and composted mu-
nicipal waste; and two fertilizer applications. Growth
and survival were evaluated during two consecutive
growing seasons.
Keywords: 'Spoil, 'Planting, 'Forest trees, 'Land rec-
lamation, Soils, Oak trees, Mulches, Bark, Fertilizers,
Industrial wastes, Vegetation, Growth, Seasonal vari-
ations, Survival, Kentucky, Manure.
PB80-187958 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Multimedia Assessment of the Natural Qaa Proc-
essing Industry. Final rept. Sep 77-Nov 78,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT
Wil'lard A. Wade, III. Apr 79,147p EPA-600/2-79-077
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
The report gives results of an assessment of the air
and water pollution potential of the natural gas proc-
essing industry, based on a review of publicly available
literature. It reviews natural gas processing operations
and discusses the potential air and water emissions
from the industry. It describes acid gas removal, dehy-
dration, purification, and stripping unit operations, pri-
marily to indicate their potential for air and water pollu-
tion. It presents historical production data and dis-
cusses future trends in applications of new techniques.
It reviews Federal and State regulations affecting the
industry and discusses their limitations and reporting
requirements. It discusses the impact of the myriad
rules, regulations, and reporting requirements on ob-
taining quantifiable data on the industry. It estimates
air emissions for each criteria pollutant for the industry
nationwide, as well as for Texas and Louisiana, the two
largest producing states. It shows the significance of
emissions from natural gas processing operations rel-
ative to other industrial sectors. It compares these esti-
mates with overall mass balance calculations based
on published production and distribution data. It dis-
cusses, generally, the water pollution potential of the
industry and describes shortcomings in available data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, "Natural
gas, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Trends, Regulations, Standards, Process
charting, Design, Performance evaluation, Sources.
PB80-187966 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Recovering Useful Salts from Irriga-
tion Wastewater Concentrates Produced by
Power Plant Cooling. Research rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley. Sea Water Conversion Lab.
Hugo H. Sephton. Mar 80,45p EPA-600/7-80-047
Grant EPA-R-804760
The report evaluates the feasibility of a novel energy-
conserving way to recover useful salts (sodium sulfate
and calcium sulfate) from concentrated brines by
evaporation/crystallization. The concentrated brines
examined were cooling tower blowdown from agricul-
tural wastewater and this blowdown after further con-
centration and use in ion exchange regeneration. Lab-
oratory and pilot tests were made with both conven-
tional evaporation/crystallization and Interface-en-
hanced, vertical-tube foam evaporation which in-
creases evaporation. Sodium sulfate and calcium sul-
fate recovery provides potential capital cost savings,
about $2 million for a 1000-MWe power plant. Sale of
these products is an added incentive to their recovery.
The use of foamy vapor/liquid flow on the evaporating
brine/crystal slurry enhanced heat transfer by up to
40% and enabled concurrent energy reductions of
28%, compared to conventional evaporation/crystalli-
zation of sodium sulfate In a 5000-gpd vapor-compres-
sion vertical-tube evaporation pilot plant. Consequent-
ly, the use of agricultural wastewater for power plant
cooling In the San Joaquln Valley with Ion exchange
for pre-softenlng and wastewater regeneration solely
with concentrated brine from blowdown appears tech-
nically feasible and economically attractive.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Brines, 'Water pollution
control, 'Inorganic salts, "Materials recovery, Feasibil-
ity, Sodium sulfates, Calcium sulfates, Electric power
plants, Agricultural wastes, Irrigation, Evaporation,
Crystallization, Ion exchanging, Pnot plants, Cost anal-
ysis, Design, Process charting, Cooling towers, Wind
tunnels, Field tests.
PB80-187074 PC A04/MF A01
Technical Assessment of Radon-222 Control
Technology for Underground Uranium Mines.
Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Dlv.
B. T/Kown, V. C. Van der Mast, and K. L. Ludwlg. Apr
80,72pORP/TAD-80-7
Contract EPA-68-02-2616
The Office of Radiation Programs, EPA, Is developing
standards for radioactive air pollutants under the au-
thority of the Clean Air Act, as amended In 1977. Tech-
nically enhanced sources of naturally occurring radio-
activity, such as underground uranium mines, may re-
lease large quantities of radon-222 Into the atmos-
phere. Because of the potential adverse health effects
to population groups, underground uranium mines war-
rant investigation as to the feasibility of reducing the
radon-222 releases. This study addresses various con-
trol options for a hypothetical mine.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, Mines(Excavations),
Radon Isotopes, Polonium isotopes, Lead isotopes,
Bismuth Isotopes, Cost estimates, 'Radon-222, Urani-
um mines, Radioactive effluents, Polonium 218, Lead
214, Bismuth 214, Lead 210, Polonium 214, Daughter
products.
PB80-188121 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mlnlplant and Bench Studies of Pressurized Fluld-
Ized-bed Coal Combustion: Final Report. Rept. for
Aug 77-Aug 79,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ.
R. C. Hoke, E. S. Matulevicius, M. Ernst, J. L. Goodwin,
and A. R. Garabrant Jan 80,333p EXXON/
GRU.18GFGS.79, EPA-600/7-80-013
Contract EPA-68-02-1312
See also report dated Apr 78, PB-284 534.
The report gives further results of studies on the envi-
ronmental aspects of the pressurized fluidized-bed
coal combustion process, using the 218 kg coal/hr
continuous combustion/sorbent regeneration Mini-
plant (0.63 MW equivalent), and a 13 kg coal/hr
bench-scale system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
essors, Dolomite(Rock), Limestone, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Flue gases, Sulfur dioxide, Parti-
cles, Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters, Nitrogen
oxides, Cyclone separators, Regeneration, Sampling,
'Coal combustion, Fabric filters. Granular bed filters.
PB80-188311 PCAOS/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Revegetatlon Augmentation of Surface Mine*
with Treated Acid Mine Drainage. Final rept.,
Kentucky Dept. for Natural Resources and Environ-
mental Protection, Frankfort.
Wayne A. Rosso. Mar 80,98p EPA-600/7-80-055
Grant EPA-14010-HNS
Prepared in cooperation with S.M.R. Engineering and
Environmental Services, Central City, KY., and Pea-
body Coal Co., Central City, KY.
This study provided a field demonstration of an earlier
feasibility study. Treated acid mine drainage was uti-
lized to augment revegetation on graded spoil areas.
Acid mine drainage was treated utilizing limestone
(rock dust) and the resulatant water was spray irrigated
December 1983 885
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
under high pressure onto the plots. Three treatment
and a control were used to evaluate the effects of the
irrigation on the vegetation and resulting surface
runoff.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Mine waters, 'Vegetation, 'Land
reclamation, Planting, Acidity, Spoil, Neutralization, Irri-
gation, Kentucky, 'Mine acid drainage.
PB80-188378 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coil Qaslflcatlon/aae Cleanup Test Facility:
Volume I. Description and Operation. Final rept.
Sep 77-Dec 78,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Oept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau, J. C.
McCue, and R. M. Kelly. Mar 60,108p EPA-600/7-80-
046A
Grant EPA-R-804811
The report describes an integrated fluidized-bed coal
gasification reactor and acid gas removal system. The
gaslfier operates at 100 psig at up to 2000 F, and has a
coal feed capacity of 50 Ib/hr. The gas cleaning
system contains a cyclone, a venturi scrubber, and an
absorber/flash-tank/stripper system for acid gas re-
moval. The overall objective of the research carried
out using the facility is to characterize completely the
gaseous and condensed phase emissions as a func-
tion of plant operating conditions. The report contains
a detailed description of the plant and associated fa-
cilities, a summary of operating procedures, and re-
sults of a run for the steam-oxygen gasification of a
Western Kentucky No. 11 coal char. By following the
outlined operating procedures, the plant can be
brought to steady state In less than 4 hours. At steady
state, satisfactory material balance closures were
achieved on total mass and major elements.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, *Fluidized bed proc-
essors, 'Coal gasification, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Design, Performance evaluation, Scrub-
bers, Cyclone separators, Absorbers(Materials), Parti-
cles, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Laboratory equip-
ment, Pilot plants.
PB80-188394 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for Anilines. Level I - Prelimi-
nary. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Robert L. Hall, Ronald Burger, and Karen Slimak. 9
May 80,150p* EPA-560/13-80-013
Contract EPA-68-01 -5793
This report presents a Level I materials balance study
of a group of anilines specified in a Task Order from
the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The compounds studied were ani-
line, aniline hydrochlorlde, aniline hydrobromide, o-, m-
, and p-nitroanllines, 16 other nltroanilines, and 15
other chloro- and bromoanilines. Areas of major inter-
est were production quantities, producers, consump-
tion quantities, and emissions to air, land, and water re-
lated to these processes. The estimated amounts of
1978 production (where available) were as follows: an-
iline, 279,000 kkg; aniline hydrochloride, 4.6 -100 kkg;
o-nitroaniline, 3641 kkg; m-nitroaniline, 0 - 2.3 kkg; p-
nitroaniline, 13,000 kkg. Emissions were estimated
when direct data were unavailable. The results (in kkg/
year) were: aniline, 20 kkg to air, 0.08 - 5.6 kkg to
water; p-nitroanlline, 0.13 kkg to air, 117 kkg to water.
Throughout the report, estimates and assumptions
were made where justified, in lieu of direct data. Types
of information required for future studies are noted.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Chemical industry, 'Material
balance, Chlorine organic compounds, Bromine organ-
ic compounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Forecasting, Physical properties,
Manufacturing, Utilization, International trade, Design,
Process charting, Anlline/hydrochloro, Aniline/hydro-
bromo, Aniline/nltro, Land pollution.
PB80-188402 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental/Engineering Support for Environ-
mental Protection Agencies Fluldlzed-Bed Com-
bustion (FBC) Program: Final Report. Volume I.
Sulfur Oxide Control. Final rept. Dec 75-Dec 78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
N. H. Ulerich, W. G. Vaux, R. A. Newby, and D. L.
Keairns. Jan 80,246p EPA-600/7-80-015A
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also report dated Jan 78, PB-278 332.
The report gives results of an investigation of the de-
sulfurizatlon performance and attrition behavior of
limestone and dolomite sorbents for atmospheric and
pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) systems
used with coal. It gives results of experimental thermo-
gravimetric analyses (TGAs) of the kinetics of SO2
capture by sorbents, and discusses the further devel-
opment and application of a kinetic model for desulfuri-
zation, based on TGA results. It also gives results of a
basic assessment of sorbent attrition mechanisms in
FBC, including some laboratory experimental tests.
Some conclusions from this work are: (1) pressurized
FBC systems can achieve effective SO2 removal at
high temperatures (1000 C) or high excess air (300%)
without an increase in sorbent requirements over lower
temperature/excess air cases; (2) the agreement be-
tween actual FBC data and the TGA-based desulfuri-
zation model has been further demonstrated, using
data from both atmospheric and pressurized FBCs;
and (3) sorbent attrition screening tests indicate that
sorbent type and FBC operating parameters will affect
particle attrition. The report presents an experimental-
data-supported sorbent attrition model for the bubbling
bed regime In an FBC.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluldized bed proc-
essing, 'Sulfur dioxide, *Absorbers(Materlals), Lime-
stone, Dolomite(Rock), Sorbents, Reaction kinetics,
Performance evaluation, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Substitutes, Chemical reactions.
PB80-188634 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Al-
ternative Automotive Power Systems Div.
Methanol-Gaeollne Fuel* for Automotive Trans-
portation - A Review. Technical rept.,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL.
R. R. Adt, Jr., L .E. Poteat, and R. D. Doepker. Nov 74,
222p
Recent concern for environmental problems and an
eventual shortage of conventional petroleum-based
fuels coupled with the potential of obtaining methyl al-
cohol (methanol) as a product of coal gasification has
brought about an interest in the use of methanol as a
fuel. In order to assess the feasibility of using methanol
as a motor vehicle fuel, either alone (neat) or as a
blend in gasoline-type base stocks, its performance,
emission and practical use characteristics must be as-
certained. To this end this report, which summarizes
and evaluates past and current studies concerned with
determining these characteristics, is offered. In addi-
tion, those performance, emission and practical use
consideration characteristics deemed important and
found to be lacking in the current technology are iden-
tified.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Gasoline, 'Reviews,
Blends, Performance evaluation, Air pollution, Exhaust
emissions, Technology, Automotive fuels, Motor vehi-
cle engines, 'Gasohoi.
PB80-188824 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Lime FGD Systeme Data Book. Final rept. Dec 76-
Dec 78,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. C. Ponder, Jr., J. S. Hartman, H. M. Drake, R. P.
Kleir, and J. S. Master. Apr 79,727p EPA-600/8-79-
009
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
Sponsored in part by Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA.
The Data Book is intended to aid engineers in under-
standing the process design features that are unique
to lime flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. It is in-
tended to supplement, not replace, basic information
on engineering design. It is addressed to engineers
who must design, evaluate, or operate lime FGD sys-
tems. The information may also be useful to persons
who are familiar with utility operations, but unfamiliar
with chemical operations. The Data Book covers th
entire process of lime-based FGD. The gas-slae w
tery limits extend from the discharge of the steams"
erator to the discharge of the stacks. The absoroe"
side battery limits extend from receipt of the iim»
sludge discharge to the final sludge disposal site.
. OK
ir Pollution Training Institute) Course *"
Sampling for Parflculate Pollutant*-
r's Guide, , .,/•
*
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment,
bers, 'Calcium oxides, 'Electric power plants,
dioxide, Boilers, Flue gases, Industrial wastes,'
bustion products, Design, Performance waiiS",""1
Process charting, Equipment, 'Alkaline scruw"*
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB80-188840 PC A10/MF AjjJ
Environmental Protection Agency, Researcn i™
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical
Branch.
APTI (Air I
Source Si
etructor'e Guide, , .,/•
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, gJS
G. J. Aldlna, J. A. Jahnke, and J. Henry. Feb 80, Z*
EPA-450/2-80-003
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
See also report dated Dec 79, PB80-174360.
The Instructor's Guide for Air Pollution Training J
tute Course 450 'Source Sampling for Partlcuiate
lutants' contains guidelines for conducting a W"
one-half day course In source sampling. Trie
contains lesson plans, laboratory Instructions, <
copies of handout materials, and solutions to pi
sets. The lesson plans include keys to API ......
visual materials and suggested Instructions «*
nlques. These materials are Intended for use in co
junction with Student Manual PB80-174360 and "
dent Workbook EPA 450/2-79-007.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Particles, 'Handbooks.^
pollution, Laboratory equipment, Chemical an
Sampling, 'EPA method S, 'Air pollution de«
'Air pollution sampling.
PB80-188873 _
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, u\
Application for Certification for 1980 Model
Heavy-Duty Vehicles.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1980,2965p-in5v
Set includes PB80-188881. PB80-188899,
188907, PB80-188915, and PB80-188923.
No abstract available.
PC$34.00/MF$S.#
PB80-188881
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, >
Application for Certification for 1980 Model
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Caterpillar Tractor Co.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1980, 576p EPA/460-A-80-23
See also PB80-1 88899. „ , 7n Oo/
Also available in set of 5 reports, PC*1'U'
MF$12.00, PB80-1 88873.
r
Every year, each manufacturer of passenge H
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty £
submits to EPA an application for certification. < n""^
plication consists of two parts. In Part I, the man" ,,
turer gives a detailed technical description jjnhe»
"" *
ing model year. These engineering data inciuoe °^-g^.
nations and/or drawings which describe engine'" •
cle parameters such as basic engine design,
terns, ignition systems and exhaust and
emission control systems. Part I also provi
tion on emission test procedures, service
tlon procedures, fuels to be used, and propp
tenance requirements to be followed during
The Part II application submitted after emission
is completed, contains the results of emission '
a statement of compliance to the regulations, ,e
maintenance instruction to be followed by the ura"1
owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emission, 'Air
Automotive industry, Regulations, Fuel systems,
tenance, Certification, Exhaust systems, ~n
gines, Air pollution control equipment, Heavy dUJ
hides, Heavy duty engines, Motor vehicles!
models), Caterpillar Tractor Company.
886 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environment!! n PC$38.25/MF$5.75
AaoiSiiS"^1 Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
.(?r Certification for 1980 Model Year
vehicles - Chrysler.
>., Detroit, r
Even/
5 reports, PC$170.00/
tr' 8i?cn manufacturer of passenger cars,
^irucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
^ an application for certification. The ap-
->-iurar ah'"" 8 °' ^o parts. In the part I, the manu-
Vahlcl»oren8ia detailed teohnical description of the
expianai!!!01^ year. These engineering data include
wntele Da,! and/or drawings wTiich describe engine/
•ystems il, u; 8rs such as basic engine design, fuel
toa emis«£ on systems and exhaust and evapora-
iM— ton contro1 systems. The part I also provides
°n on emi8Sjon test procedures, service accu-
' Procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
.. Th« r..tre.c'uirements to be followed during test-
fcitJnoisS8, I application submitted after emission
twtJnS I ^rnpleted, contains the results of emission
*"
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
systems, Ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
Information on emission tests procedures, service ac-
cumulation procedures, fuels to be used, and pro-
posed maintenance requirements to be followed
during testing. The part II application submitted after
emission testing is completed, contains the results of
emission testing, a statement of compliance to the reg-
ulations, and maintenance instructions to be followed
by the ultimate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Air
pollution, Automotive industry, Regulations, Fuel sys-
tems, Maintenance, Certification, Exhaust systems,
Automobile engines, Air pollution control equipment,
Light duty vehicles, Mercedes Benz Incorporated,
Motor vehiclesd 980 models).
PB80-188972 PC$72.00/MF$7.50
Envlronmetal Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Application tor Certification tor 1980 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyo Kogyo (Mazda).
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd,, Southfleld, Ml.
1980,1337pEPA/460-A-80-21
See also PB80-188964, and PB80-188980.
Also available In set of 6 reports, PC$385.00/
MF$24.00, PB80-188998.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In the part I, the manu-
facturer gives a detailed technical description of the
vehicles or engines he Intends to market during the up-
coming modef year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Air
pollution, "Automotive industry, Regulations, Fuel sys-
tems, Maintenance, Certification, Exhaust systems,
Automobile engines, Air pollution control equipment,
Light duty vehicles, Toyo Kogyo Company Limited,
Motor vehicles(1960 models).
PB80-188998 PC$386.00/MF$24.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application lor Certification for 1960 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
1980, 7221 p-ln6v
Set Includes PB80-188931, PB80-188949, PB80-
188956, PB80-188964, PB8C-188972, and PB80-
188980.
No abstract available.
9680-188980 PC«72.50/MF$7.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification for 1980 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1980,1350p EPA/460-A-80-22
See also PB80-188972.
Also available in set of 6 reports, PC$385.00/
MF$24.00, PB80-188998.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. The ap-
plication consists of two parts. In part I, the manufac-
turer gives a detailed technical description of the vehi-
cles or engines he intends to market during the up-
coming model year. These engineering data include
explanations and/or drawings which describe engine/
vehicle parameters such as basic engine design, fuel
systems, ignition systems and exhaust and evapora-
tive emission control systems. The part I also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. The part II application, submitted after emission
testing is completed, contains the results of emission
testing, a statement of compliance to the regulations,
and maintenance instructions to be followed by the ul-
timate owners of the vehicles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emission, Automo-
tive industry, Regulations, Fuel systems, Maintenance,
Certification, Exhaust systems, Automobile engines,
Air pollution control equipment, Light duty vehicles,
Peugeot of America Limited, Motor vehicles(1980
models).
Ohio; Menomonee River, Wisconsin; Nemad|l River,
Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Suspended sediments, *W»t
pollution, 'Great Lakes, Nitrogen, Ph°*Pho/u&ichlfl«a
Genessee River, New York, Grand Rlver'JVr |«-
, , ,
Genessee River, New York, Grand 'r
Maumee River, Indiana. Ohio, Menomonee ™™'n,|n,
consln, Nemadji River, Minnesota, wls;Wat«r
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Trace metals,
quality data.
PB80-189111 PCA02/MFA01
Performance of the Electroaport Electric Vehicle.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 74,21 p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-3
The Electric Fuel Propulsion (EFP) Company of Fern-
dale, Michigan, has been converting conventionally
powered vehicles to electric power. EFP does the re-
quired design work, fabricates system components as
necessary and Installs the system In a vehicle. The
Special Vehicle Program Branch of the Advanced
Automotive Power systems Development Division
contracted with EFP for the use of a prototype vehicle
to evaluate its performance. The test of the vehicle re-
ported herein was conducted over a one-year period
from August 1972 to July 1973.
Keywords: "Electric automobiles, Performance eval-
uation, Lead acid batteries, Performance tests, Speci-
fications, Electrosport automobiles.
PB80-189541 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Vegetative Rehabilitation of Arid Land Disturbed
In the Development of OH Shale and Coal. Final
rept. 1975-1978,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Inst. for Land Rehabilitation.
Cyrus M. McKell, and Gordon Van Epps. Apr 80, 50p
EPA-600/7-80-071,, USDA/SEA/CR-4
Grant EPA-684-15-10
Field experiments were established on sites disturbed
by exploratory drilling in the oil shale region of north-
eastern Utah and on disturbed sites on a potential coal
mine in south central Utah. Concurrently, greenhouse
studies were carried out using soil samples from dis-
turbed sites and processed oil shale. Establishment of
container-grown transplants was far more successful
than plantings of bare-root seedlings or direct seeding.
Early spring planting gave better results than fall plant-
ing. Good survival was obtained from summer planting
when the soil was moist. Soil surface shaping and ap-
plication of surface stabilizing materials can be used to
collect water runoff and increase plant survival. Propa-
gation of native shrubs from stem cuttings provides a
means of multiplying desired biotypes for land rehabili-
tation. Higher rooting hormone levels are required for
some species than are normally used in propagating
cultivated species. The most effective container size
and shape for growing transplanting materials is one
with adequate volume and ribbed sides to prevent root
spiraling.
Keywords: "Vegetation, "Oil shale, "Land reclamation,
"Arid land, Field tests, Coal mining, Greenhouses,
Planting, Containers, Volume, Growth, Summer, Plant
reproduction, Shrubs, Plant hormones, Utah.
PB80-189586 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Availability of Pollutants Associated with Sus-
pended or Settled River Sediments Which Gain
Acceaa to the Great Lake*. Final rept. 1977-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Lab.
D. E. Armstrong, J. J. Perry, and 0. E. Flatness. Dec
79,102p EPA-905/4-79-028
Contract EPA-68-01-4479
The purpose of this Investigation was to evaluate the
availability of certain elements, mainly phosphorus,
transported to the Great Lakes by suspended sedi-
ment. Nitrogen (N) was also investigated because of
its importance as a nutrient element; also included
were certain trace metals because of concern over
their possible adverse effects in the Great Lakes.
Rivers Investigated include: Genesee River, NY;
Grand River, Michigan; Maumee River, Indiana and
PB80-189674
Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
Sorptlon Properties of Sedlmente a
lited Pollutant*. Final rept. Jul 77-Dec 79, g,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. oi »8™
John J. Hassett, Jay C. Means. Wayne LBanwart an
Susanne G. Wood. Apr 80, 1 50p EPA-800/3-80-041
Contract EPA-68-03-265S .,„,.. solo-
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., s~
mons. Chesapeake Biological Lab.
This report describes the factors ^8t determine
extent of sorptlon of organic compounds that are TW
resentatlve of coal conversion waste »tr«™"r;.e; 1-
compounds, all radiolabeled, were acetophenoi 3.
naphthol; pyrene; 7,12-dlmethylbenz(a)anthracen ^
methylcholanthrene; dlbenz(a,h)anthracene, acn«
2,2'-blqulnollne; 13H-dibenzo(a,i)carbazoie, « |n.
zothlophene; benzldlne; 2-amlnoanthracene, » ^
ochrysene; and anthracene-9-carboxylic aciu. ^.
equilibrium Isotherms were determined for .«•" ^
pound on 14 sediments and soils that had o?"oh|o
lected from the Missouri, Illinois, Mississippi, a™ for
rivers and their watersheds. Laboratory P'^^. and
determining octanol-water partition J0
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Polkowski. Dec 79,125p EPA-600/2-79-
GrantEPA-R-803930
throuahriM.re.atnient tegoons are used extensively
treatment ! UJlited States to provide secondary
able to a« rnunicipal wastewaters. The data avaif-
'*ckina oaTv Sn tne Performance of these systems are
andratho illa'y as a result °' the infrequent sampling
!y. Thi* » "mrted *ypes of analyses performed routine-
anca nf Tort Presents the evaluation of the perform-
system „, we" designed, three cell aerated lagoon
Ko8hkQn^.a5twelve month period. The Consolidated
catedTin U/5 5anitary District's treatment system is lo-
larae searisc?n8in and is subject to a climate with
'orrned won8 Variati9ns. The treatment system per-
'olidsao.f i,ln removing BOD5 and total suspended
PH and coijf as Producina an effluent with acceptable
Bywords- .„ ..
Uooon«(D Performance evaluation,
WtevanWi nds!' 'Sewage treatment, Aeration, Peri-
'orrti h=« • s' Biochemical oxygen demand, pH, Coli-
ria,Conrl "3a' Plankton. Carbon dioxide, Design crite-
sin, 'AB™," Latlon(Composition), Phosphorus, Wiscon-
Brated lagoons, Total Suspended Solids.
?90036 PC A04/MF A01
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
' Minerals and Industry.
Strait of Juan de Fuca, 1976-1977.
'0 a'nd Atmospheric Administration, Se-
i S"0 Ma«ne Environmental Lab.
j; Chester, David M. Damkaer, Douglas B.
ateu of NOAA's Marine Ecosystem
Was to eh, A) P U9et Sound Energy-Related Project
tiarine i™» acterize the communities of the inshore
** Blank?8 of Washington State. With respect to
Strait of i, ' ™e least kno*n mai°r marine area is the
from the p ... Fuca- which separates Puget Sound
*JCted in 7ac c Ocean. The present study was con-
** •eaanrTi 'rai' durir)9 1976 and 1977 to describe
d|stribution and composition of phyto-
n. and ichthyoplankton popula-
ba«i aon wi" add to MESA'S overallbio-
8,and C0uld aid in monitoring and under-
Strait of jj ? lncreased tanker transport through the
d.8; 'Plankton, .Juan de Fuca strait
»0na| Uri=? ter Potion, Distribution(Property), Sea-
r ^?"8' Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Crude
r SniPs, Oil pollution, MESA project.
pi. PCA04/MFA01
environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
t y, usc oi
r*L«onstrations and Technology.
. E. O'Brien. Mar 80,75p EDT-112,
grves results of a preliminary economic
*? (one H* ° flue 9as desulfurization (FGD) process-
Want bLr^ a.nd one wet> for a new 500-MW power
nri i? Westefn coal having 0.7% sulfur, 9.7%
rn «f heating value of 9700 Btu/lb and meeti
Tern^Jreat|ng value of 9700 Btu/lb and meeting
''"tovai T* source performance standards (70% SO2
WneririiS!?51 °-03 Ib/MBtu particulate emission). The
"•tleuiat™8 spray-dryer process used a baghouse for
Proca.™!8 collection, while the wet limestone slurry
1 an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for par-
trot, (in addition to the coal noted, the final
'-^•n«uffSrInas^nnSrIU^ "* '"*
"Air pollution control, 'Economic analysis,
PI, oxides' 'Electric power plants. 'Spray
S coat. B9*868' Particles, Sulfur dioxide. Capttaf-
pornbus«' Perf°rmance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
°°»( Products, Design, Flue gas desulfurlza-
« methods, Dry methods.
... PC AOS/MF A01
tnvironmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Rock Filters for Removal of Algae from Lagoon
Effluents. Final rept. 1977-78,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Gregory R. Swanson, and Kenneth J. Williamson. Mar
80, 93p EPA/600/2-80/038
Grant EPA-R-805416
The objective of this project was to show that rock fil-
tration was an effective, low cost unit process for re-
moving algae from lagoon effluents and correspond-
ingly upgrading lagoon treatment. Sedimentation is the
pnmary mechanism of algal removal within rock filter.
The settling rates of three species of algae common to
lagoons were measured as varying from 0.02 to 0.3 m/
day, depending on species and temperature. Settling
rates of algae from the Veneta, Oregon lagoon were
about 0.05 m/day. A mathematical model of the sedi-
mentation mechanism was constructed based on dis-
crete settling theory. A full-scale horizontal flow oper-
ating rock filter designed for a maximum hydraulic
loading of 0.28 cu m/cu m (1.6 days detention time) lo-
cated at Veneta, Oregon was evaluated. Weekly aver-
age BODS and TSS did not exceed 20 mg/l. With im-
proved flow characteristics a pilot scale rock filter
achieved similar results for a short period of testing at
twice the hydraulic flow.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Fluid filters, 'Algae, 'Water
pollution control, Lagpons(Ponds), Rocks. Cost effec-
tiveness, Removal, Settling, Rates(Per time), Mathe-
matical models, Pilot plants, Separation, Field tests,
Oregon, Veneta(Oregon).
PB80-190085 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of an Oil-fired Con-
trolled Utility Boiler. Final rept. Jun 78-Dec 79,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. Leavitt, K. Arledge, C. Shih, R. Orsini, and A. Saur.
Apr 80,91p EPA-600/7-80-087
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
The report gives results of a comprehensive emissions
assessment of the Haynes No. 5 boiler during oil-firing.
Levels 1 and 2 procedures were used to characterize
pollutant emissions. Assessment results, in conjunc-
tion with assumed typical and worst case meteorologi-
cal conditions, were used to estimate the environmen-
tal impact of emissions from this type of unit. Principal
conclusions were: (1) The risk of violating NAAQS due
to criteria pollutant emissions is low. (2) Little adverse
health effect is anticipated as a result of SO2, SO4 (--),
and particulate emissions projected from widespread
use of oil-fired units of the type tested. (3) The impact
of trace element burdens in drinking water, plant
tissue, soil, and the atmosphere is negligible. (4) The
risk of plant damage due to criteria pollutant emissions
is remote. (5) The likelihood of plant damage due to
trace element emissions is remote.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
power plants, Trace elements, Potable water,
Plants(Botany), Soils, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Environmental impacts, 'Fossil fuel power plants.
PB80-190234 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
OH.
Impregnation of Concrete Pipe for Corrosion Re-
sistance and Strength Improvement Final rept. Apr
74-Apr79,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Allen C. Ludwig. Mar 80,62p EPA/600/2-80/009
Grant EPA-S-802651
The program was undertaken to field test concrete
sewer pipe that had been impregnated with sulfur or
hydrofluoric acid. This program was a follow-on to a
previous laboratory study sponsored by EPA entitled,
impregnation of Concrete Pipe, 11024EQE 06/71. In a
subsequent grant extension to the program, strength
improvements using the sulfur formulations were In-
vestigated with a view to reducing costs by elimination
of the steel reinforcing in certain sizes of concrete
pipe. In 1975, nearly 1400 feet (427 m) of impregnated
sewer lines were installed in four Texas cities, Includ-
ing Dallas, Beaumont, Pecos, and Harlingen. These
lines have been monitored since that time and the re-
sults of this monitoring, as well as a discussion of the
strength improvement due to sulfur impregnation, are
reported.
Keywords: 'Sewer pipes, 'Concrete pipes, Field tests,
Corrosion resistance, Strength, Impregnating, Sulfur,
Hydrofluoric acid.
PB80-190473 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions
from Malfunctioning Non-Catalyst and Oxidation
Catalyst Gasoline Automobiles. Final rept. Dec 76-
Apr 79,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Charles M. Urban. Jan 80,308p EPA/460/3-80/003
Contract EPA-68-03-2499
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from non-catalyst and oxidation catalyst-equipped
gasoline automobiles operating under malfunction
conditions. One non-catalyst and four catalyst-
equipped automobiles were evaluated over three driv-
ing schedules in the unmodified and in four engine
and/or emission control system malfunction configura-
tions. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in ad-
dition to the currently regulated emissions, include par-
ticulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines, metals
and several additional elements and compounds.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Gasoline engines,
'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution control equipment,
Catalytic converters, Performance tests, Air pollution,
Exhaust gases, Tables(Data).
PB80-190S07 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Quantity-Quality Simulation (QQS): A Detailed
Continuous Planning Model for urban Runoff
Control. Volume I. Model Description, Testing,
and Applications. Final rept. Sep 77-May 79,
Dorsch Consult Ltd., Toronto (Ontario).
Wolfgang F. Geiger, and Helmut R. Dorsch. Mar 80,
104p EPA-600/2-80-011
Grant EPA-R-805100
A comprehensive mathematical model, the Quantity-
Quality Simulation (QQS) model, for calculation of
urban stormwater and combined sewer overflow pollu-
tion and the means for its control is presented. The
model operates in a continuous mode with a five
minute time step and accounts for the unsteady runoff
and overflow behavior of total drainage systems.
Lumping techniques, that calculate the runoff from
drainage areas, are combined with detailed flow rout-
ing through main and interceptor sewer as well as
other structures such as branches, overflows, basins,
pump stations, control gates, and treatment facilities.
The computer program calculates the runoff in the
storm or combined sewer and in the receiving waters.
The program package, written in Standard Fortran IV,
comprises approximately 30,000 statements. Applica-
bility of the QQS model is demonstrated in a number of
comparisons with measurements of runoff quantity
and several water quality parameters made in several
catchments.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Overflows, 'Urban areas, Mathematical models,
Runoff, Storm sewers, Drainage, Sewage, Fluid flow,
Sewers, Control equipment, Stream, Fortran, Catch
basins, Volume, Water quality, Computer program-
ming, 'Foreign technology, Synthetic hydrology, For-
tran 4 programming language, QQS computer pro-
gram.
PB80-190515 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of CARS and Laser-Induced Saturat-
ed Fluorescence for Practical Combustion Diag-
nosis. Final rept. Aug 78-Aug 79,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
CT.
A. C. Eckbreth, P. A. Bonczyk, and J. F. Verdieck. May
80,105p EPA/600/7-80/091
Contract EPA-68-02-3105
SeealsoPB-283819.
The report gives results of experimental investigations
aimed at developing nonperturbing, spatially precise,
in-situ diagnostic techniques to measure species com-
position and temperature in flames. The investigations
December 1983 889
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
continued earlier development of coherent anti-Stokes
Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and laser-induced satu-
rated fluorescence. The program included two main,
concurrent tasks. In Task 1, optical thermometry, the
practical feasibility of CARS was demonstrated in a
program of research-scale combustor testing (results
agreed to within 5% for combustion zone temperature
measurements made with CARS and with shielded
thermocouples). In Task 2, optical composition, laser-
induced saturated fluorescence was examined in
regard to its capability for measuring CH, CN, and NO
concentrations in flames. Saturation of the fluores-
cence in CH and CN was achieved and considerable
insight into the physics of saturated fluorescence was
obtained. Promising initial results of NO fluorescence
in flames are described, but saturation was not ob-
served for laser spectral intensities up to 6 million W/
sq cm/cm.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, "Flames, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Air pollution, Trace elements,
Raman spectroscopy, Temperature measurement,
Optical measuring instruments, Portable equipment,
Fluorescence, Cyanides, Nitrogen oxides, * Laser in-
duced fluorescence, 'Coherent anti-stokes raman
spectroscopy, Methane radical, In plant processes.
PB80-190549 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Fluorides from Industrial
Wastewaters Using Activated Alumina. Final rept.
10 May 76-31 Jan 77,
Feldspar Corp., Spruce Pine, NC.
Irwin Frankel, and Eric Juergens. Mar 80,55p EPA-
600/2-80-058
Contract EPA-R-804377
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield,
VA.
A four-step, bench-scale process has been developed
that is capable of removing at least 92 percent of the
soluble fluoride from feldspar flotation process
wastewaters at a projected cost of $1.03/kkg ($0.93/
ton) of feldspar. For a 163,000 kkg/year (180,000 ton/
year) plant, the initial capital expenditure would be
about $200,000. The wastewater is pretreated with
sodium hydroxide, lime, and calcium chloride, which
removes an initial 50 to 60 percent of fluoride. The
clarified water is then passed through a bed of activat-
ed alumina for further fluoride removal. The activated
alumina is regenerated with a 1-percent sodium hy-
droxide solution, and fluoride in the caustic liquor is ef-
fectively precipitated with calcium chloride. The fluo-
ride can be recovered in concentrated form as insolu-
ble calcium fluoride filter cake.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Fluorides, "Flota-
tion, 'Aluminium oxide, Adsorption, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Industrial waste treatment, Feld-
spaes, Operating costs.
PB80-190655 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Gasohol on Idle HC and CO Emissions.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Thomas Darlington, and Richard Lawrence. Mar 80,
19p EPA-AA-IMS/ST-80-4, TEB-80-13
A test program was run to investigate the effects of ga-
sohol on CO and HC emissions on an I/M idle test.
Three vehicles were set up to operate on either gaso-
line or gasohol. A Hamilton emissions analyzer was
used to measure tailpipe emissions. CO emissions
were varied in each of the cars by adjusting the idle
mixture screw, and HC emissions were varied by in-
ducing a misfire with a misfire generator. At each CO
and HC value as specified in the program, the fuel was
switched from gasoline to gasohol while its effect was
noted on tailpipe emissions. The data obtained provid-
ed a basis for determining gasohol's ability to reduce
CO and HC emissions for an idle test.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Carbon monoxides, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Gasoline, Comparison, Sampling, Air
pollution, Ethanols, Blends, Automotive fuels,
Concentration(Composition), Idlers, 'Gasohol, 'Air
pollution sampling, Alcohol fuels.
PB80-190796 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Report: Wellman-Ga-
lusha Low-Btu Gasification Systems. Final rept.
May 78-Sep 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Pat Murin, Theresa Sipes, and G. C. Page. May 80,
309p EPA/600/7-80^93
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also PB-289 940.
The report, an Environmental Assessment Report
(EAR) for Wellman-Galusha Iqw-Btu gasification sys-
tems, is part of an overall environmental assessment
program for low-medium-Btu gasification technology.
This EAR provides EPA administrators and program
offices with a document representing the Office of Re-
search and Development's (ORD's) research input to
standards support for Wellman-Galusha gasification
facilities. This EAR is a detailed evaluation and presen-
tation of process, control, and waste stream data col-
lected from field tests, open literature, vendors, proc-
ess licensors, and computer modeling. It gives an
overview of Wellman-Galusha gasification systems, in-
cluding estimates of the systems' energy conversion
efficiencies and capital and operating costs. It pro-
vides data characterizing the systems' input materials,
process streams, products, byproducts, and multime-
dia discharges. It identifies pollution control alterna-
tives for the multimedia discharges and toxic sub-
stances in the systems' products and byproducts, and
estimates their costs and energy impacts. It assesses
regulatory requirements for the environmental impacts
of the systems. It gives data needs and recommenda-
tions for obtaining those data, and discusses the EPA
program office issues and areas of concern for the
Wellman-Galusha low-Btu gasification technology.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Design, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Substitutes, Cost analy-
sis, Regulations, Process charting, Technolog,, 'Well-
man process, 'Solid wastes, 'Land pollution, Low btu
gas.
PB80-190804 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions
from Malfunctioning Three-Way Catalyst Gasoline
Automobiles. Final rept. Aug 77-Sep 79,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, f X.
Charles M. Urban. Jan 80,241 p EPA/460/3-80/004
Contract EPA-68-03-2588
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from three-way catalyst-equipped gasoline automo-
biles operating under malfunction conditions. Three
automobiles were evaluated over three driving sched-
ules in the unmodified configuration and in four engine
and/or emission control system malfunction configura-
tions. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in ad-
dition to the currently regulated emissions, include:
paniculate, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines,
metals, and several additional elements and com-
pounds. Additional evaluations, in each of the configu-
rations, involved the measurement of regulated emis-
sions over four short-cycle procedures.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Catalytic convert-
ers, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Gasoline engines, Performance tests,
Tables(Data), Ford Pinto vehicles, Pontiac Sunbird ve-
hicles, Saab 99 vehicles, Motor vehiclesM 978
models).
PB80-190812 PC A04/MF A01
Alaska Village Demonstration Projects. Final rept.,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Barry H. Reid. Mar 80,63p EPA.-600/3-80-039
See also report dated 1 Jul 73, PB-299147, and report
dated Sep 76, PB-259 964.
Two demonstration projects were built as authorized
by Section 113 of PL 92-500. Modular construction
was used to provide central utility systems which in-
cluded water supply, laundry, bathing, saunas, and
wastewater treatment. Service to homes was by vehic-
ular delivery. Fire destroyed the facility at Wainwright in
1973 and the project was subsequently rebuilt. Energy
conservation measures were employed to minimize
costs of operation. Equipment performed satisfactori-
ly, but operator preparedness was lacking, thus, many
breakdowns occurred. Overall cost of operation and
maintenance of the facilities nearly exceed the fi
cial capacity of the communities, ownership 01 in
cilities was transferred to the local 9°vern Jf.Yithvtha
EPA. The AVDP was paralleled by projects built oy
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservo
(ADEC) at 11 locations. Small communities new
side support for operation and maintenance 01 " _
systems. Time and training will be requi""
local residents to assume managerial i
for these projects.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water .
struction, Facilities, Public utilities, Water »»»
Laundries, Waste disposal, Operating costs, w™
nance, Toilet facilities, Potable water, Rurai=
Planning, Recommendations, Alaska,
projects, 'Villages, Wainwright(Alaska), '
facilities, Solid waste disposal, Water polluti
ment, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB80-190952 PCA02/MFA01
An Evaluation of the Econo-Mlst Device. Ml
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann wow.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Brancn.
Mar 75, 13p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-19
The Emission Control Technology Division
was contacted by the General Services Adrmni
(GSA) concerning a vapor injection device f°r u|;Lno-
automobile engines. The device is called the <=<•«
Mist and is a product of the FAP Corporation oi"
querque, New Mexico. GSA had received ^^^gn
that the Econo-Mist reduced hydrocarbon anaw» ^,
monoxide emissions and increased fuel yarwr ^
the request of GSA, ECTD agreed to test the owe
sample of the device was brought to the EPA law"
ry in Ann Arbor, Michigan by FAP Corporation pw<~
nel on January 13,1975.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Exhaust
sions, 'Fuel consumption, Secondary injection, i
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Performance evai
Vapor injection.
PB80-190960 H«
An Evaluation of Rolfite Company's Gasoline
Additive'Upgrade'. ,„ Ml.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann w*"'
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Brancn.
Mar 75,13pEPA-AA-TAEB-75-22
The Rolfite Company, of Stamford, Connecticut
contacted the Emission Control Tec^ogyfuei add'
was evaluated in the Spring of 1974 by an in
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. . n.M-
Efficient Algorithms for Solving Systems of v',.
nary Differential Equations for Ecosystem M°«-
Ing. Final rept. Jul 77-Aug 78, .„., (or
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Pittsburgh. Ins'-
Man and Environment. .,,f
John Malanchuk, John Otis, and Hubert Bouver. iw
80,157p EPA-600/3-80-037
Grant EPA-FI-805452 . ,niv.,
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins "'
Laurel, MD. Applied Physics Lab.
This report presents three packages of subroutine'^
the numerical solution of systems of first order oro" jj
differential equations. The three integration mem"
890 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'he'futen" to,PrPvide an efficient means of solving
***'•£££XSH* Problems encountered in
modeling. The subroutines have
to handle all aspects of the numerical
succesSI',!.. automatically as possible so that their
odfle oftho f61088 not recluire a sophisticated knowl-
Beriarai in^L ni('ues of numerical analysis. After a
"""lerical in. '°n to tne Principles and concepts of
the ccS« 9ratlon> the Particular methods used in
'ions for u«fre dis.cussed in some detail. Full instruc-
Presentartr^6 9'ven'and sorne simple examples are
^n IV am J ^ complete code listings, in ANSI For-
1 are contained in appendices.
lal 8mia«i.!f "merical integration, 'Ordinary differen-
t°r tnethnli ' .t7un9e-Kuna method, Predictor correc-
rfthms SiihS' ^"''"ear differential equations, Algo-
^oulton m i8u nas> Fortran, 'Ecosystems, Adams-
- JS*tn.od. Adams-Bashforth method, Fortran 4
immn i—ugge
^190994
i
PC A18/MF A01
;n.v";onmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
of Electrostatic Preclplta-
a)- Rept. for Jan 76-Dec 78,
olu es? arch Inst, Birmingham, AL.
Fob Bo/nV' y- H- Anderson, and J. R. McDonald.
8rJ-034 ' wiPSORI-EAS-80-065, 3777-1, EPA-600/7-
ision 1 , Volume 1 , PB-284 614.
6rn Resnar^?0"1?68 modifications to the EPA/South-
^WtaS»! ,I?J?titute computer model of electrostatic
WSSS1 - The modifications include a new
sisctricai 1 al Approximation procedure for predicting
lt; , ltlons in an ESP. Comparisons between
1118
exnS lne approximation procedure and
°i DrorSprooedures are presented. A new integra-
resentari !^re for calculating particle charge is also
:Sp rnoSai plete Fortran listings of the revised
•*•—I- „ and the new subprograms are provided.
'"Problems are included. The modified model
nSaT'oantiy less computer time than does the
"luoei. ComDarisnne nf rasults nhtainaH ncinn
nts irrt . , omeres an eecrca operatng
"Kxiei c^'1?18 'hat for practical purposes the modifier]
"""del. US8d in P'ace of frie more rigorous earlier
llution control equipment, 'Electro-
uter on. 'Mathematical models, Fortran,
15/Te ""Programs, Revisions, Electric fields, PDP-
0 computers.
Oh
• pc A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Abstracts. Volume 6, Number 4 (Oc-
n*cember 1979>- Quarterly rept.,
rnuVc Univ-. Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
ooftv0uS|.renspeck, Katherine Osteryoung, and David
S'Snt PPA ' J*ar 8°. 21 7p EPA-600/7-80-053
R-805803
' L
lume 6, Number 3, PB80-1 75474.
'ion oViLUTlON ABSTRACTS is a quarterly compila-
"•»• Com nt literature and research project summa-
5r**8riKn Prehertsive coverage of oil pollution and its
">8 aJ"on and control is provided, with emphasis on
9raPhir?i..environrnent- Tr|is issue contains biblio-
?«l DuhiS, .'lons with abstracts of scientific and techni-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Economics, Statistics,
ana Cooperatives Service, Washington, DC. Natural
Resource Economics Div.
Irrigation scheduling is a technique (or systematically
determining the proper date and quantity of each irri-
gation in individual fields. This technique is presently
Being used by government agencies and private com-
panies in the western United States to assist farmers in
planning irrigations. This report describes a case study
In which the regional environmental and economic
benefits of irrigation scheduling were assessed.
Keywords: "Scheduling, "Irrigation, 'Regional plan-
ning, Assessments, Evapotranspiration, Mathematical
models, Economic models, Drainage, Salinity, Percola-
tion, Utilization, Benefit cost analysis, Operations,
Services, Return flow.
PB80-192446 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the Hoboken Converter at Glogow,
Poland. Rept. for Jan 76-Feb 79,
Instytut Metali Niezelaznych, Gliwice (Poland).
Zblgniew Smieszek. Apr 80,148p EPA-600/2-80-072
Grant EPA-5-533-S
In 1975, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
awarded a contract to the Ministry of Smelting Poland
for research to minimize emissions of fugitive pollut-
ants from copper smelters and to assist in the control
of smelter pollutants. The project objectives were to
develop procedures for operating copper converters
for steady gas flow containing relatively high concen-
trations of S02; to improve cleaning and treating of
participates in the converter gas streams to allow
better operation of S02 removal systems, such as
contact sulfuric acid plants; and to show how proce-
dures and results that were developed could be ap-
plied to various types of copper smelters encountered
In industry. During the course of the project, portions of
the PL-480 funding were utilized to evaluate the Hobo-
ken Converter, a potential substitute process providing
stricter environmental control of fugitive S02 and par-
ticulate from copper converting.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Smelters,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide, Particles,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Operating
costs, Electrostatic precipitators, Sampling, Poland,
•Foreign technology, "Glogow(Poland), "Copper
smelters, "Hoboken converters, Fugitive emissions.
PB80-192461 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Methodologies to Conduct Regulatory Impact
Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Standards for
Carbon Monoxide. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Waheed Siddiqee, Andre Dermant, and Robert
Patterson. Dec 79,92p SRI-6780, EPA-450/5-80-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2835
The report is a summary of a methodology developed
to analyze mobile source emission reductions needed
to attain alternative proposed national ambient air
quality standards for carbon monoxide. A costing rou-
tine is part of the procedure. The methodology was
used In the carbon monoxide regulatory impact analy-
sis for alternative national air standards.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Carbon monoxide, "Regula-
tions, Standards, Methodology, Cost analysis, National
government, Sources, Urban areas, "Air quality, Pro-
cedures.
PB80-192479 PC A03/MF A01
Primary Aluminum - Background Information for
Promulgated Amendments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Mar 80,33p EPA-450/3-79-026
This document summarizes and responds to com-
ments submitted by the public on the proposed
amendments to the standards of performance for new
primary aluminum plants. The standards and amend-
ments are intended to limit emissions of gaseous and
paniculate fluorides into the atmosphere. The docu-
ment also presents the final environmental, economic,
and energy impacts of the final amendments.
Keywords: 'Aluminum industry, "Standards, Air pollu-
tion, Fluorides, Particles, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Economic impacts, Environmental im-
pacts, Energy consumption, Air pollution abatement.
PB80-192487 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mathematical Techniques for X-Ray Analyzers.
Final rept. May 74-May 79,
North Carolina State Uni
Jniv. at Raleigh. Center for Engi-
neering Applications of Radioisotopes.
Robin P. Gardner, and Kuruvilla Verghese. Apr 80,42p
EPA-600/2-80-070
Grant EPA-R-802759
Mathematical techniques and subsequent computer
software were developed to process energy-disper-
sive x-ray fluorescence spectra for elemental analysis
of airborne paniculate matter collected on filters. The
research concerned two areas: (1) determination of
characteristic x-ray intensities and (2) determination of
elemental amounts from the known characteristic x-
ray intensities. In the first area, efforts primarily con-
centrated on developing and implementating of the li-
brary, linear least-squares method and included the
two common non-linear aspects of XRF pulse-height
spectra: excitation source background and pulse pile
up. A detector response function model was also de-
veloped for si(Li) detectors to alleviate the necessity
for obtaining and storing extensive complete library
spectra for every element of interest. This approach
gives improved accuracy, greatly reduces the experi-
mental effort required, and is capable of accounting for
variations in detector calibration and resolution without
requiring extensive additional experimental effort. In
the second research area the fundamental parameters
method was developed by Monte Carlo simulation.
Data were collected tor several shapes of particles de-
posited on filters. Empirical correction factors for vari-
ous practical cases of interest based on these simula-
tions are reported.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "X ray analysis, "Particles,
Air pollution, Chemical analysis, X ray fluorescence.
Calibrating, Least squares method, Air filters, Sam-
pling, Computer aided analysis, "Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB80-192495 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of Photochemical Models. Volume I.
The Use of Photochemical Models In Urban Ozone
Studies. Final rept,
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
Ronald Y. Wada, M. Jane Wong, Eugene Y. Leong,
Lewis H. Robinson, and Rob E. DeMandel. Dec 79,
167p* EPA-450/4-79-025
Contract EPA-68-02-3046
Prepared in cooperation with Bay Area Air Quality
Management District, San Francisco, CA., California
Univ., Livermore. Lawrence LJvermore Lab., and Sys-
tems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
This document describes procedures for application of
photochemical models in the development of State Im-
plementation Plans. Based largely on recent experi-
ence gained in photochemical model applications in
the San Francisco Bay Area and in Denver, the guid-
ance is directed toward potential model users in other
ozone non-attainment areas. The guidance covers the
following tasks: model selection; data collection and
model input preparation including meteorological and
topographical data, emission inventory data, ambient
air quality data, treatment of initial and boundary condi-
tions, and special field studies; the evaluation of photo-
chemical model performance; model applications; and
interpretation of model results with respect to attain-
ment of the Federal ozone standard.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Ozone, Urban areas, Field tests, Performance eval-
uation, Standards, Metropolitan areas, California, Col-
orado, "Air quality, State Implementation Plans,
Denver(Colorado), San Francisco(California).
PB80-192743 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Summary of Group II Control Technique Guideline
Documents for Control of Volatile Organic Emis-
sions from Existing Stationary Sources. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Stephen V. Capone, and Malcolm Petroccia. Feb 80,
36p GCA-TR-79-79-G, EPA-450/2-80-001
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also report dated Dec 78, PB-294 975.
Control Technique Guideline (CTG) documents have
been prepared by the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards of the U.S. EPA to assist states in defin-
ing reasonably available control technology (RACT) for
the control of volatile organic compound emissions
from existing stationary sources. A document (PB-294
975) summarizing the CTG documents issued prior to
January 1978 (Group I) was published in December
1978. This document (PB80-192743) summarizes the
CTG documents issued between January 1978 and
January 1979 (Group II). A description of each source
category is provided, along with RACT and costs to
retro-fit a model facility. The source categories included
are: leaks from petroleum refinery equipment, surface
coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products,
manufacture of vegetable oil, surface coating of flat
wood paneling, synthesized pharmaceutical products
manufacturing, pneumatic rubber tire manufacturing,
graphic arts (rotogravure and flexography), external
floating roof tanks, perchloroethylene dry cleaning,
and leaks from gasoline tank trucks and vapor collec-
tion systems.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Organic com-
pounds, "Guidelines, Technology, Sources, Coatings,
Refineries, Vegetable oils, Tires, Industrial wastes, Dry
cleaning, Leaking, Tank trucks, Gasoline, Graphic arts,
Equipment, "Stationary sources, "Air quality, Reason-
ably available control technology, Fugitive emissions.
PB80-1927SO PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Source Category Survey: Secondary Copper
Smelting and Refining Industry. Final rept. Oct 79-
Jan 80,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Michael K. Snyder, and Franklin D. Shobe. May 80,
67p"EPA-450/3-80-11
Contract EPA-68-02-3059
This report presents the results of a survey of the sec-
ondary copper smelting and refining industry to deter-
mine the probable impact of the development of new
source performance standards under Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. The surveyed industry processes
copper scrap to produce pure copper or copper alloy,
other than brass and bronze. Secondary copper found-
ries, which melt and cast high-quality copper scrap
without refining it, are excluded. Primary copper smelt-
ers and refiners, which produce copper from ore, are
also excluded, although they also process copper
scrap. Process, emissions, and economic data were
gathered by literature searches, contacts with repre-
sentatives of the industry, trade associations, federal
government agencies, and state and local air pollution
control agencies, and visits to two plants. The indus-
try's production processes, actual and allowable air
emissions, and emission control systems are de-
scribed. State and local emission regulations are com-
pared. Production and capacity are projected to 1989
and the impact of new source performance standards
is assessed.
Keywords: "Smelters, "Refineries, "Standards, Air pol-
lution, Sources, Surveys, Regulations, State govern-
ment, Process charting, Particles, Sulfur dioxide,
"Copper smelters, "Air pollution abatement, "New
source performance standards, State implementation
plans.
PB80-192776 PC A02/MF A01
Catalyst Effectiveness of High Mileage In-Use Ve-
hicles. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Lois Platte. Dec 79,15p EPA-AA-TEB-80-5
There has been speculation that fuel switching may
have been a contributing factor to the increased ozone
levels in the Los Angeles area during the recent smog
alert. The rationale for the speculation is that automo-
biles equipped with catalytic converters emitted in-
creased hydrocarbons (which through photochemical
892 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
reactions form ozone) because of the reduced effec-
tiveness or deactivation of the catalyst caused by the
use of leaded fuel, many studies are being conducted
to quantity the effect of such misfueling on the amount
of pollutants emitted. However, this paper focuses on
another factor related to the reduced capacity ot the
catalyst which also is viewed by some as a contributor
to the air quality problem. The problem is the suspect-
ed inadequate performance of the catalyst due to the
effects of deterioration from aging or mileage accumu-
lation. The 'useful life' of light-duty vehicles has been
defined as 50,000 miles or 5 years in Federal regula-
tions. It is thought by some that the effectiveness of
the catalyst on vehicles that are beyond their 'useful
life' is drastically reduced. The higher mileage vehicles
may contribute to increased hydrocarbon levels since
many catalyst equipped automobiles now on the road
have reached the 5 year or 50,000 mile mark.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Exhaust emissions,
Performance evaluation, Hydrocarbons,
Life(Durability), Catalytic converters, Deterioration,
Automobiles, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems),
'Light duty vehicles.
PB80-192867 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Source Category Survey: Uranium Refining Indus-
try. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
John H. E. Stalling III. May 80,25p EPA-450/3-80-010
Contract EPA-80-02-3058
The purpose of this source category survey was to de-
termine if new source performance standards (NSPS)
should be developed for the uranium refining industry.
Information on the uranium milling process, the urani-
um conversion process, industry growth, and industry
emissions was collected. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRQ and the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Office of Radiation Programs were
contacted to determine the existing and proposed reg-
ulations applicable to this industry. It was concluded
that radionuclide emissions are regulated by the NRC
under the Uranium Fuel Cycle Standard (40 CFR Part
190) and that all significant paniculate emissions of
uranium mills will be assessed (and regulated; if war-
ranted) under the current project for development of
NSPS for the metallic minerals industry. Based upon
this information it was recommended that NSPS not be
developed for the uranium refining industry.
Keywords: 'Uranium ore, 'Refineries, 'Standards,
'Radioactive contaminants, Sources, Surveys, Air pol-
lution, Regulations, Particles, 'New source perform-
ance standards, "Air pollution abatement.
PB80-193071 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
High Resistivity Behavior of Hot-Side Electrostat-
ic Preclpltators. Final rept. Oct 78-Oct 79,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Roy E. Bickelhaupt. Apr 80,40p EPA-600/7-60-076
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
The report gives results of experiments to explain the
high resistivity behavior of hot-side electrostatic preci-
pitators (ESPs) collecting fly ash. The working hypoth-
esis is that the behavior is the result of the buildup of a
thin layer of sodium-ion-depleted fly ash which has a
high electrical resistivity near the collector plate. The
hypothesis was tested by experiments in a miniature
corona discharge device under thermal and environ-
mental conditions simulating a hot-side ESP. Current
density-voltage curves were taken with positive-nega-
tive corona using a hand-placed ash layer 5 mm thick.
Three major experiments were conducted to evaluate
the effect on current density-voltage relationships of:
long exposure to negative corona, long exposure to
positive corona, and cyclic exposure to negative and
positive corona.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Electrical resistivity, Fly ash, Elec-
tric corona, Current density, Voltage, Particles.
PB80-19310S PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park.NC.
Levels of Chemical Contaminants In Nonoccupa-
tlonally Exposed U.S. Residents. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
James W. Holleman, and Anna S. Mammons. May 80,
275p* ORNL/EIS-142/R1, EPA-600/1-80-002
Contract W-7405-eng-26
This report is a compilation of information on chemical
contaminants resulting from environmental pollution
and found in nonoccupationally exposed U.S. resi-
dents. Listed in tabular form for each of approximately
100 elements or compounds are: the tissue the com-
pound was found in; the range and mean or median of
concentration; the number of cases; the analytical
methods used for detection, identification,-and quanti-
tation; the bibliographic reference; source and route of
entry of the contaminant into the environment and into
man; epidemiological and demographic information;
and other pertinent comments. Literature coverage
goes back 30 years with special attention to the past
10 to 15 years. About 400 references are cited. Some
substances which are not necessarily contaminants
are included in the report for scientific interest and to
establish baselines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Contaminants, Humans,
Tissues(Biology), United States, Detection, Identifying,
Epidemiology, Demography,
Concentration(Composition), Environments, Data
sources, Exposure, 'Toxic substances, Analytical
methods, Environmental health.
PB80-193147 PC A08/MF A01
TI-S9 Programmable Calculator Programs for In-
Stack Opacity, Venturl Scrubbers, and Electro-
static Preclpltators. User manual Jul 76-Jul 79,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Paniculate Technology Branch.
S. J. Cowen, D. S. Ensor, and L E. Sparks. May 80,
165p* EPA-600/8-80-024
The report explains the basic concepts of in-stack
opacity as measured by in-stack opacity monitors.
Also included are calculator programs that model the
performance of venturi scrubbers and electrostatic
precipitators. The effect of paniculate control devices
on in-stack opacity can be predicted by using these
programs. The size distribution data input can be either
in lognormal or histogram format. The opacity is calcu-
lated using Deirmendjian's approximation to Mie series
to obtain extinction efficiencies. An alternative opacity
program employing the exact Mie series solution is
also described. The running time for this program is
about 8 hours; that for the approximation program is 30
minutes. The accuracy of these programs is as good
as the measured data input.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Opacity,
'Scrubbers, 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Particles,
Monitoring, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Computer programs, Calculators, 'Venturi
scrubbers, TI-59 programmable calculators.
PB80-193204 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
A New Correlation of NH3, C02, and H2S Volatility
Data from Aqueous Sour Water Systems. Final
rept. 1976-77,
Brigham Young Univ., Prove, UT. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
Grant M. Wilson. Apr 80,112p EPA-600/2-80-067
Grant EPA-R-804364010
Prepared in cooperation with Brigham Young Univ.,
Prove, UT.
A new correlation model has been developed for cal-
culating sour water equilibrium data at temperatures
from 20C to 140C. The correlating equations in this
new sour water equilibrium model have been used to
obtain a computer program capable of handling vari-
ous chemical and physical equilibria of NH3, CO2, and
H2S in sour water systems including the effects of car-
boxylic acids on ammonia fixation and release by
caustic addition. A bibliography of related literature
data is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Petroleum industry, Petrochemistry, Ammonia,
Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Chemical equilibri-
um, Computer programs, Fortran, SWEG computer
program.
PB80-193212 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of Dry Coke Quench-
ing VS. Continuous Wet Quenching. Final rept.
Sep-Oct79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. Westbrook, and D. W. Coy. May 80,40p EPA-
600/2-80-106
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
The report gives results of an assessment of the multi-
media environmental impacts of continuous wet and
dry quenching at National Steel's Weirton, West Virgin-
ia, Brown's Island coke plant. The report, based pri-
marily on design data, test data from related process-
es, and engineering judgement, suffers from the lack
of definitive test data. The assessment indicates that
dry coke quenching results in less paniculate matter
emitted, less solid waste generated, less process-re-
lated gas emitted, and potentially less emission of po-
lynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and organics in gen-
eral, than wet quenching. Dry coke quenching also re-
sults in increased aqueous effluents and fugitive emis-
sions from coke transport and screening. The assess-
ment concludes that, with proper wastewater treat-
ment and control of coke transport emissions, the dry
quench process should have less negative environ-
mental impact than continuous wet quenching. The
report identifies areas where data are insufficient for
Level 1 assessment and indicates the testing required
for a complete Level 1 assessment.
Keywords: 'Coking, "Environmental surveys, 'Iron
and steel industry, Quenching(Cooting), Comparison,
Assessments, Panicles, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Design, Process charting, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, *Wet methods, 'Dry methods, Fugitive emis-
sions.
PB80-193303 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Source Category Survey: Industrial Incinerators.
Final rept.
AcurexCorp., Morrisville, NC.
May 80,192p* EPA-450/3-80-013
Contract EPA-68-02-3064
The report contains background information which
was used for determining the need for new source per-
formance standards (NSPS) for industrial incinerators
in accordance with Section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
The industrial incinerator population is surveyed and
categorized by process type, capacity, class of owner,
and other factors. Incinerator designs, control strate-
gies, and state and local regulations are discussed.
The impact of a potential NSPS on paniculate emis-
sions is calculated.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Particles, 'Standards,
Sources, Air pollution, Surveys, State government,
Regulations, Trends, Technology, Substitutes, Design,
'New source performance standards, 'Air pollution
abatement, Clean Air Act.
PB80-193360 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of a Commercial Vacuum System for
the Removal of Asbestos. Final rept. Oct-Dec 79,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
R. W. Welker, D. F. Finn. J. D. Stockham, and R. P.
Hancock. May 80,84p EPA-600/2-80-088
Contract EPA-6B-02-2617
The report gives results of a brief field study that in-
cluded measurement of personal, area, and environ-
mental asbestos exposures resulting from wet and dry
asbestos removal using a commercial vacuum system.
Personal and area (indoor) asbestos concentrations
during dry removal were less than 1 fiber/cu cm, as
measured by NIOSH P and CAM 239 when the
vacuum system was used. Asbestos released to the
environment from the vacuum system's three-stage
exhaust filter was negligible. Asbestos was released
from the operator's protective garments when he
exited the work area to service the vacuum system.
Sources of asbestos fiber release associated with
vacuum system operation were identified; these oc-
curred during operation, disassembly, and asbestos
disposal, Following vacuum shutdown, liquid drained
December 1983 893
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
from the collection reservoir due to inadequate door
seals. During vacuum hose disassembly, bulk losses
of asbestos-containing materials occurred. During dis-
posal, the exterior of the vacuum truck became con-
taminated as the reservoir was emptied. Additional dry
removal testing is required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, * Vacuum
filtration, "Asbestos, 'Vacuum cleaners, Industrial
wastes, Industrial hygiene, Sites, Field tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Safety, *Air pollution
sampling, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB80-193402 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Washington, Water
Year 1978. Volume I. Western Washington. Water-
data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 78.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 79,445p USGS-WRD-WA-78-1, USGS-WRD-HD-
79/025
See also Volume 1 for Water Year 1977, PB-287 611.
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington.
Water resources data for the 1978 water year for
Washington consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground-water wells. This report In
two volumes contains records for water discharge at
248 gaging stations; stage only at 4 gaging stations;
stage and contents at 44 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality at 117 gaging stations (including 6 lakes and
reservoirs) and 215 wells; and water levels at 166 ob-
servation wells. Also included are data for 96 crest-
stage, and 89 water-quality partial-record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Surface waters,
*Washington(State), Water quality, Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-193436 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
Source Category Survey: Animal Feed Dafluorina-
tlon Industry. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
J. R. Hoover, and J. L. Meling. May 80,42p EPA-450/
3-80-015
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This study investigated the need for new source per-
formance standards (NSPS) for processes that de-
fluorinate phosphate rock to produce an animal feed
supplement. This defluorination is accomplished by
heating phosphate rock in a kiln or fluidized bed to
about 1370C to drive off fluoride as HF. It is recom-
mended that NSPS not be developed. The only three
domestic plants, all in Florida, nave a very small
growth potential. Any expansion within the next five
years would probably be a single kiln or fluid bed fur-
nace added to existing facilities at one of these plants.
The total combined fluoride emissions are only 27
tons/year for the three plants. The best demonstrated
control technology (a fabric filter or a wet scrubber) is
already used at each plant, and the Florida State regu-
lations will continue to make this type of control a prac-
tical necessity.
Keywords: 'Feeding stuffs, 'Fluorides, 'Defluorina-
tion, 'Air pollution control, Sources, Surveys, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Technology, Florida, Air
filters, Scrubbers, Regulations, Fluidized bed process-
ing, State government, 'Air pollution abatement, 'New
source performance standards, 'Phosphate rock
slime, Best technology, Fabric filters, Wet methods.
PB80-193444 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Source Category Survey: Borax and Boric Add In-
dustry. Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Morrisville, NC.
May 80, 42p* EPA-450/3-80-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3064
Background information is presented on the borax and
boric acid industry for the purpose of determining the
need for a new source performance standard (NSPS).
The industry is surveyed and categorized by plant.
process, and other factors. Information is presented
on the processes, emissions, and air pollution control
equipment. State and local regulations are summa-
rized. The impact of a potential NSPS on paniculate
emissions is discussed.
Keywords: 'Borax, 'Boric acid, 'Industrial wastes,
•Standards, Air pollution, Regulations, State govern-
ment, Design, Performance evaluation, Refineries,
'New source performance standards, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB80-193469 PC A03/MF A01
Source Category Survey: Thermal Process Phos-
phoric Acid Manufacturing Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 80,45p EPA-450/3-80-018
Phosphoric Acid Manufacture by the thermal process
was examined to determine the need for standards of
performance in accordance with Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. This document contains information
gathered on the processes, pollutants, and air pollu-
tion control equipment for the thermal process phos-
phoric acid industry.
Keywords: 'Phosphoric acid, 'Standards, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Manufacturing, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Design, Substitutes,
Sampling, Regulations, State government, Surveys,
'Air pollution abatement, 'New source performance
standards, Acid mist.
PB80-193477 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Dwiltrlflcatlon as Affected by Irrigation Frequen-
cy of • Flsld Soil. Final rept.,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
Dennis E. Rolston, Andrew N. Sharpley, Dianne W.
Toy, David L. Hoffman, and Francis E. Broadbent Apr
80,75p EPA-600/2-80-066
Grant EPA-R-805550
The influence of irrigation frequency on denitrification
was studied on a Yolo loam field profile at Davis, Cali-
fornia. Two carbon treatments were also established
by using plots with and without incorporated crop resi-
dues. Irrigation frequencies of three irrigations per
week, one irrigation per week, and one irrigation every
two weeks were established on areas cropped with
grass. Fertilizer was applied as KNO3 enriched with
15N to 1-sq m plots. Denitrification from the least fre-
quently irrigated treatments was less than that in the
most frequently irrigated treatments. Denitrification of
NO3(-) fertilizer was simulated using a mathematical
model that included transport and plant uptake of
water and nitrogen in soil.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen cycle, 'Nitrification, 'Irrigation,
Inorganic nitrates, Rates(Per time). Alluvium, Nitrogen
oxides, Farm crops, Residues, Fertilizers, Leaching,
Gases, Mathematical models, 'Denitrification, 'Return
flow.
PB80-193949 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Summary of State Implementation Plan Revision
Program for Puerto Rico, Total Suspended Partlc-
ulates and Sulfur Dioxide. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Nov 79,121p EPA-902/4-79-005
Contract EPA-68-02-2537
Sponsored in part by Puerto Rico Environmental Qual-
ity Board, Santurce.
As part of the assistance provided to the states by
EPA, Engineering-Science (ES) received several task
orders to provide services to the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (EQB). The
authors' efforts began in 1974 and have continued to
the present time. The projects that resulted from the
task orders deal with State Implementation Plan Revi-
sions required by EPA. Maintenance and attainment of
the ambient air quality standards for TSP and SO2
were addressed. This report presents a chronological
summarization and consolidation of the efforts con-
ducted by ES. For each task order, a summary of the
initiation date, description, and report title and date is
provided in Chapter I. Chapter II summarizes and con-
solidates the technical accomplishments of the i 8tu£
ies, while Chapter III identifies areas in which reroy
ments could be made and additional studies are «r
propriate. Little technical detail is covered in this rei»
but can be found in the various reports docume»» •»
the work or in the Puerto Rico SIP.
Keywords: 'Puerto Rico, 'Particles, 'Sulfur dioj*j»'
Revisions, Standards, 'State implementation pw*
'Air pollution abatement, 'Air quality, Implemei™""
air pollution planning program.
PB80-194152
Standards Support and Environmental
Statement. Volume 1: Proposed Standards of
formance for Grain Elavator Industry. Tr|dna|e
Environmental Protection Agency, Research ina»»
Park, NC.
Jan 77, 348p EPA-450/2-77-001A
Standards of performance to control particulate matt*
emissions from new and modified grain eleyaraj'
the U.S. are being proposed under section 1 1 1. 01 "^
Clean Air Act. The proposed standards limit sms»^>
of particulate matter from the following affectea iw*
ties and their air pollution control devices: truck IOBUIB
and unloading stations, railroad hopper car and [°°"£g
loading and unloading stations, equipment at DWW
and ship unloading stations, barge and ship i ""JJ-ip
stations, all grain handling operations, ana 9'
dryers. This document contains information w i '
grain elevator industry and emission control "SUE..
gy, a discussion of the selected emission w™«"K.n
and the supporting data, and the alternatives w"^
were considered, and analyses of the environrnei'»"
and economic impacts of the proposed standaras.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statement-**
'Standards, 'Grain elevators, 'Particles, *Air PJ'TJ*.
control, Cargo transportation, Economic l"1!'8""^;^
italized costs, Operating costs, Industrial *•»:;..
Technology, Substitutes, 'Air pollution abaterrw"-
CleanAirAct. * >f
PB80-194186 . ,
Survival of Enteric Viruses Under Natural'
tlons In a Subarctic River. Journal article, -lnCM.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lao.-wn><<
nati, OH. ,a
Daniel R. Dahling, and Robert S. Safferman. Dec 7».
10pEPA-600/J-79-093 ^.Linfl*
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied and Environmental Mtcrowow
v38n6p1103-1110 Dec 79.
The survival of enteric viruses was studied In thei v» (
ty of Fairbanks, Alaska at selected stations aiora
317-km section of the Tanana River. This section^
located downstream from all known
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Hazardous materials, 'Pollution control,
I1 ., Mar>aaement planning, Safety, Aerial
Foams' c ' '"olnerators, Solid waste disposal,
Pounds y?psulatin9. Decomposition, Organic com-
PCA02/MFA01
echn|flu« for Measurement of pH for
Contro1 and Water Not ln Equilibrium
«ton
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Schock, William Mueller, and Ralph W.
"• 80,6p EPA-600/J-80-015
JAWWA 72, p304-306 May 80.
ing pH changes that samples taken
c^secl to the Biosphere (pipe corro-
mains, household plumbing,
waters) may undergo before
conventional PH measurement Is briefly
Noticeable pH changes attributable to
^surement while open to a different carbon
« al Pressure than in the source location
to mini™Trved- A Procedure and apparatus is outlined
elurtno ' uze sample contact with the atmosphere
and s£ roeasurement, resulting in greater accuracy
I?Koduolb%- Several other procedures to im-
:", ^curacy relating to electrode calibration and
**rtton storage are discussed.
and
?;. *PH, "Chemical analysis, 'Corrosion pre-
asa A, W5""0" systems, Water distribution, Acid-
Is PoS. . brium' Potable water, Potentiometric analy-
"telltyp pressure. Carbon dioxide, Reprints, 'Water
PC A04/MF A01
.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Western Coal Surface
rS? Vl: Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth
RM'rvolr' *Sontan''
.
Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Boze-
5,PB80-186521.
*«wn parameters of smallmouth bass (Microp-
5™j!m'eu|) and largemouth bass (M. salmoides)
m***l during 1975 and 1976, before expansion
coal mining adjacent to the Tongue River
n southeastern Montana. Reproductive suc-
oetermined by alongshore seining, varied In
areas of the reservoir and may be correlated
*" "-pulation estimates were obtained at
Ing and fall 1976 with boat electrofish-
. 'ailing and older smallmouth bass the
>n of 13.0 fish/ha and the standing crop of
represented 80 and 84 percent of the
basses in the reservoir. The largemouth bass
naando*1 standin9 crop durin8lal11976 was 3-2
* *Coal mining. 'Bass, 'Ecology, 'Water pol-
ronaue River Reservoir, Environmental Im-
"lortapii. —n-—'-"• Populations, Seasonal variations,
ten^TO. Reproductton(Biology), Montana, 'Mlcrop-
""U8 dobmleui, 'Micropterus saimoktes.
PC A06/MF A01
---.„„ River Baeln Water Quality Man-
•••wit "an- Draft environmental impact state-
iJWronmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
122p EPA-904/9-80-049
W
ft-eoSS?. Environmental Impact Statement (EPA 904/
Mj^rW) Upper Ocmulgee River Basin Water Quality
Plan which includes Dekalb, Gwinnett,
. - .dale, Newton, and Clayton Counties in
has been prepared in response to the Action
""' of the First Edition, Upper Ocmulgee River
.a) Water Quality Management Plan. The
includes reduction In nonpolnt source load-
''gh strict enforcement of existing laws and or-
es well as Implementation of the recommen-
of the Atlanta Region and Statewide 208
Management Plans.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Upper Ocmulgee River Basin, Water quality, Georgia,
'Water quality management, Dekalb County(Georgia),
Gwinnett County(Georgia), Walton CountyiGeorgia,
Rockdale County(Georgla), Newton County(Georgia),
Clayton County(Georgla), Water pollution abatement.
PB80-194483 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Effect of Copper on the Bluntnose
Minnow, 'Plmephales notatus' (Raflnesque). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
W. B. Horning, and T. W. Neihelsel. 12 Dec 78.10p
EPA-600/J-79-094
Pub. in Arch. Envlronm. Contam. Toxicol. 8, p545-552
1979.
A laboratory chronic toxicity test in which bluntnose
minnows were exposed to copper In laboratory dilution
water with a hardness of 200 mg/L as CaCOS indicat-
ed that copper adversely affected fry survival, fry
growth, and reproduction. The maximum acceptable
toxicant concentration (MATC) for total copper based
on reproductive impairment at 18.0 micrograms/l was
between 4.3 (control concentration) and 18.0 micro-
grams/L The 96-hr LC50 values from three acute tox-
fcity tests ranged from 0.22 to 0.27 mg/L total copper
with a mean value of 0.23 mg/L. The application factor
(MATC/96-hr LC50) for bluntnose minnows and total
copper was estimated to lie between 0.02 and 0.08.
Bluntnose minnows held in control water for nine
months ceased to spawn when they were exposed to
119.4 micrograms/L total copper. Fish exposed to
119.4 micrograms/L total copper for the same nine-
month period began to spawn 60 days after being
transferred to control water.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Toxicology, Minnows, I
Survival, Growth, Re
Concentration(Composition), Fresh water I
assay, Water pollution, Reprints, Heavy metals, F
phales notatus, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Toxic substances.
PB80-194401
PC A02/MF A01
Standards Support (Final) and Environmental
Impact Statement Volume II: Promulgated Stand-
ards of Performance for Lime Manufacturing
Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Oct 77,24p EPA-450/2-77-007B
See also volume 1, PB-266 942.
Standards of performance for the control of paniculate
matter emissions from affected facilities at new and
modified lime manufacturing plants are being promul-
gated under the authority of sections 111, 114, and
301 (a) of the Clean Air Act, as amended. The stand-
ards would require that paniculate matter emissions be
reduced by over 99 percent below the uncontrolled
levels, and by about 70 percent below the emission
levels being achieved by existing sources controlled to
meet typical State standards. Volume 1 discusses the
proposed standards, and an analysis of the associated
environmental and economic impacts la Included In
this document. This volume contains a summary of the
public comments on the proposed standards and
EPA's responses, as well as summary economic and
environmental Impact statements.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impacts, 'Calcium oxides,
'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Economic impacts.
Manufacturing, Standards, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Clean Air Act
PB80-194582 PCA02/MFA01
Photoreactlvtty of Selected Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons In Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, and Patricia F. Schlotzhauer. 1979,
20pEPA-600/J-79-063
Pub. in Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Interna-
tional Symp. on Chemistry and Btology-Carcinogene-
sls and Mutagenesls (3rd). p141-1581979.
Quantitative data concerning photoreactions of aro-
matic hydrocarbons were obtained In distilled water
and several natural water samples. The reactions were
studied at concentrations lower than the solubility
limits of the aromatlcs, which In some cases were less
than 1 mlcrogram per liter. At these low concentra-
tions, the phototy&es were described by first-order rate
equations, i.e., half-lives, were concentration-inde-
pendent. Quantum yields and electronic absorption
spectra were obtained for a series of naphthalenes,
anthracenes, and polycyclic aromatics. These data
were used in conjunction with simulated solar spectral
Irradiance and attenuation coefficients of water bodies
to compute photolysis half-lives for the aromatic hy-
drocarbons In aquatic environments having varying
depths and turbidities.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Water
pollution, 'Photochemical reactions, Reaction kinetics,
Samples, Concentration(Composition), Photolysis.
PB80-194590 PC A02/MF A01
Pseudomonas Aeruglnosa-Fecat Conform Rela-
tionships In Estuarlne and Fresh Recreational
Waters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., West Kingston, Rl.
Victor J. Cabelli, Harriet Kennedy, and Morris A. Levin.
1976,12p EPA-600/J-76-102
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v48 n2
P367-376 Feb 76. Prepared in cooperation with Evans-
ton-North Shore Health Dept., IL.
This study has shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cannot be used as the basis of water standards for the
prevention of enteric disease during the recreational
use of surface waters. However, P. aeruginosa deter-
minations, when used In conjunction with the assay of
fecal coliforms or some other indicator organism,
could be of considerable value in the development of
criteria for recreational waters. P. aeruginosa determi-
nations could provide useful information relative to the
nature of pollution sources. The finding of high P. aeru-
ginosa densities coincident with high fecal coliform
levels (PA-.FC ratios >20) should signal the possibility
that the source of the fecal conforms may not be fecal
wastes.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Coliform bacteria, Public health,
Bloassay, Estuaries, Relationships, Fresh waters, Indi-
cator species, Reprints, 'Bioindlcators, 'Pssudo-
monas aeruginosa.
PB80-194608 PC A02/MF A01
Behavioral Responses of 'Balanus Improvlsus'
Nauplll to Light Intensity and Spectrum. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
William H. Lang, Richard B. Forward, Jr., and Don C.
Miller. 1979, lOp EPA-600/J-79-064
Pub. in Biological Bulletin 157(1), pl66-18l Aug 79.
Although barnacle larvae have been used in numerous
classical studies on phototaxis and spectral response,
results have been predominantly qualitative in nature.
In this study, short-term phototaxis (direction) and orth-
ophotoklnensis (velocity) of Balanus Improvlsus nauplll
are Investigated using a new method of video-comput-
er quantification which greatly facilitates studies of
movement In small organisms. The ability to rapidly
quantify and compare movement parameters makes
this system a potentially powerful tool for behavioral
bioassays. Thus, this study demonstrates the capabili-
ties of this system and provides a rigorous analysis of
the photoblology of barnacle larvae.
Keywords: 'Behavior, 'Responses, 'Barnacles, Bio-
assay, Computers, Motion, Larvae, Crustacea,
Lkjht(Visible radiation). Orientation, Velocity, Reprints,
'Balanus perforatus, Phototaxis, Orthophotokinensls.
PB80-194616 PC A02/MF A01
Introductory Remarks: Session on Qenetlc Fac-
tors Affecting Pollutant Toxicity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Statistics and Data Management Office.
Donald E. Gardner. Apr 79,6p EPA-600/J-79-090
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health Perspectives v29
p45-481979.
Occupational and environmental lexicologists are
faced with the responsibility of providing sound scien-
tific data that can be used to ensure individuals that
they can conduct their dally activities without undergo-
ing any undue risk which might potentiate the develop-
ment of disease. With the majority of chemicals In the
environment. It has been generally assumed that there
Is some safe level of exposure that is of no threat to
human health. To be able to predict the absolute safe
level Is the sought after goal; however, the possibility
December 1983 895
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of achieving this level of precision is remote, and in
fact no chemical is absolutely safe. Thus, it becomes
vitally Important to carefully define the population at
risk, the mode of exposure, and the lowest concentra-
tion that will cause an adverse health effect.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Genetics, Reprints, Syner-
gism, Toxic substances, Environmental factors.
PB80-194824 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compound Forms of Fossil Fuel Fly Ash Emis-
sions. Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
William M. Henry, and Kenneth T. Knapp. Apr BO, 9p
EPA-600/J-80-005
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Technology,
v14n4p450-456Apr80.
A methodology for identifying inorganic compounds in
particulate emissions from fossil fuel combustion proc-
esses is described. Samples collected from power
plants burning coal and oil fuels of different composi-
tions provided a typical range of fly ashes for the inves-
tigations. Elemental (cation/anion) determinations of
these samples were used to guide the compound
methodology work. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
was the main technique used for compound Identifica-
tion. Water extractions of the samples proved to be ef-
fective for separating soluble sulfate compounds from
Insoluble oxides and silicates, and this reduced the
complexity of the compound forms remaining in the
water soluble and water insoluble phases. A library of
FT-IR reference spectra, prepared and stored for
ready recall, was found essential for identification of
compound species.
Keyv.ords: 'Chemical analysis, *Particlea, 'Inorganic
compounds, Air pollution, Electric power plants, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Infrared
spectroscopy, Extraction, Fly ash, Fossil fuels, Re-
prints, "Air pollution detection, Fourier transform Infra-
red spectroscopy.
PB80-194632 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Oiv.
Hydrocarbon Control Strategies for Gasoline Mar-
keting Operations,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
R. L. Norton, R. R. Sakaida, and M. M. Yamada. May
78,128p EPA-450/3-78-017
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
This informational document provides basic and cur-
rent descriptions of gasoline marketing operations and
methods that are available to control hydrocarbon
emissions from these operations. The three types of
facilities that are described are terminals, bulk plants,
and service stations. Operational and business trends
are also discussed. The potential emissions from typi-
cal facilities, including transport trucks, are given. The
operations which lead to emissions from these facili-
ties include (1) gasoline storage, (2) gasoline loading
at terminals and bulk plants, (3) gasoline delivery to
bulk plants and service stations, and (4) the refueling
of vehicles at service stations. Available and possible
methods for controlling emissions are described with
their estimated control efficiencies and costs. This
report also includes a bibliography of references cited
in the text, and supplementary sources of information.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gasoline, "Hydro-
carbons, Marketing, Terminalsfjransportation), Petro-
leum industry. Leaking, Storage tanks, Cargo transpor-
tation, Refueling, Cost analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Service stations, Fugitive emissions.
PMO-194640 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Proceedings of the EPA Workshop on the Envi-
ronment*! Scoring of Chemical* Held at Washing-
ton, DC. on August 13-15.1979. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Robert H. Ross, and Justine Welch. May 60,48p
ORNL/EIS-158, EPA-560/11-80-010
The environmental scoring of chemicals Is viewed by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a tool to
assist In the ranking or ordering of the universe of
chemicals that are under the jurisdiction of the Toxic
Substances Control Act. The purpose of scoring is to
identify most of the chemicals that have a high proba-
bility for requiring review for regulation or testing. This
report describes a three-day workshop held in Wash-
ington, D.C., August 13-15,1979, to develop an envi-
ronmental scoring system. Initial discussions centered
on the determination of a safety factor (calculated as
the concentration at which an effect is observed divid-
ed by environmental concentration) that would allow a
numerical score to be assigned to a chemical to reflect
its potential hazard. Further discussion, however, indi-
cated that the environmental concentration of a chem-
ical is usually not available and that the estimation of
an environmental concentration is not readily accom-
plished; therefore, a scoring system was developed
that does not require environmental concentrations.
This system relates environmental exposure to toxicity
by using a multiplier (3x, 2x, or 1 x) which is assigned on
the basis of the concentration at which an effect Is ob-
served. The applicability of the scoring system is dem-
onstrated by scoring selected chemicals.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Scoring, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Environmental surveys, Environments,
Concentration(Compoaition), Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Toxic substances.
PB80-194657 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Impact of New Source Performance Standards on
1985 National Emissions from Stationary Source*.
Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 76,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
Thomas G. Hopper, and William A. Marrone. Apr 77,
177pEPA-*50/3-76-017
Contract EPA-68-02-1382
The purpose of this document is to present the results
of a study to determine the Impact of new source per-
formance standards on nationwide emissions. The
work presented covers 14 potential pollutants from ap-
proximately 200 source categories for the year 1985.
The results are being used by EPA as input to the de-
velopment of an overall standard setting strategy. The
report contains information regarding controlled and
uncontrolled emission factors, State emission limita-
tions, industrial capacity, utilization, growth and retire-
ment rates. The results of this study have been pub-
lished as three volumes which encompass ten sepa-
rate documents. This document contains the main text
and Appendices I through III of Volume I. All input/
output variables and results are summarized and tabu-
lated in this volume.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Standards, Regulations,
Sources, Odors, Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Fluorides, Lead(Metal), Am-
monium oxide, Sulfides, Chlorides, National govern-
ment, Trace elements, Metals, Food industry, Mineral
industry, Petroleum industry, Wood industry, "New
source performance standards, "Stationary sources,
"Air pollution abatement, Emission factors, Acid mist.
PB80-194822
Environmental Protection Agency, Researc£'Sv
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering ^
Source Category Survey: Perllte Industry, ri""
rept.
AcurexCorp., Morrisville, NC.
May 80, 65p EPA-450/3-80-005
Contract EPA-68-02-3064
Background information Is presented on_ the P?j}i£r a
dustry for the purpose of determinina the ™*™jndu8.
new source performance standard (NSPoj- i"" jj
try is surveyed and categorized by plant, ,
other factors. Information is presented on proj- <~ ,e
emissions and air pollution control emAprne m.=> f g
and local regulations are summarized. The imp» • ^
potential NSPS on paniculate emissions is caicuia
Keywords: "Perllte, "Standards, * Particles, Survey*.
Industrial wastes, State government, Air P°lluISl.L1J|i.
trol equipment, Sources, Design, Technology, wjj^
lions, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Subrtrw
"New source performance standards, "Air po"uu
abatement.
PB60-194913
Environmental Protection Agency,
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Standards of Performance for New
Sources - A Compilation ae of January 1> «
Rept. for Nov 77-Jan 79.
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jan 79, 352p" EPA-340/ 1-78-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -41 47 _fifl
Supplement to report dated Nov 77, PB-275 os».
This document contains those pages necessary
update Standards of Performance for New Stawg^
Sources - A Compilation, published by the US. ci
ronmental Protection Agency, Division of Staw^.
Source Enforcement in November 1977 JEPA J*. (n
77-015). It is only an update and should pe uw~ |f|
conjunction with the original compilation. nciuo«™
the update, with complete instructions for fl""?. "^
new cover, title page, and table of contents, « Mf.
summary table; all revised and new Standards 01 r^
formance; the full text of all revisions a™,8^!**!
promulgated since November 1977; and all P™P"
standards or revisions.
Keywords: "Regulations, Calcium oxides, Fertilize*
Handbooks, Sources, Air pollution. Standards,
w"'
forcement, Revisions, State government, I
Paper industry, Phosphoric acid, Aluminum i
Sewage treatment, Iron and steel industry,^"-;bu9.
ators, Portland cements, Industrial wastes, wy.V,»,He
tion products, Nitric acid, Chemical industry,
acid, Coal preparation, Electric arc furnaces,
dustry, Concretes, Petroleum Industry, Refinei
storage, Smelters, Brasses, Bronzes, Air po"
abatement, "Stationary sources, "New source i~
formance standards, Lead smelters, Copper sme-
Zinc smelters.
uiiAAment St*n .
PB80-194665
PC A03/MF A01
Engineering Reference Manual for Coding NEDS
(National Emissions Data System) and EIS/P and
R (Emission Inventory Subsystem/Permits and
Registration) Forms.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Apr 80,41 p EPA-450/4-80-007
This manual provides specific engineering guidance
and background information for the evaluation and re-
Oof source/emissions data in NEDS or EIS/P&R
The manual is designed to assist coders of
NEDS and EIS/P&R data who may not be familiar with
a wide variety of Industrial processes. It summarizes
the purpose and organization of the manual. It also
presents general coding Instructions to supplement
those given In other NEDS and EIS/P&R technical ref-
erences, and presents general guidance regarding the
use of NEDS Source Classification Codes (SCCs).
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Information systems,
"Manuals, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, "Point sources, National Emissions Data
System, Emission Inventory Subsystem/Permits and
Registration.
PB80-194939
ards: Chronic Health Effects. Toxic
Control Act Section 4. pC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington.
Office of Toxic Substances.
May 79,179p* EPA-560/11-79-001
The Proposed Chronic Toxicity Test Standards (Fij^
written under Section 4(a) and 4(b) of the ToXI° Tjre
stances Control Act (TSCA), are designed to «>'' tor
the development of reliable and adequate test oa»' d
assessing the chronic health effects of natural
synthetic chemicals. Moreover, the testing «fl^
merits are not to create unnecessary economy .^.
riers to technological innovation in the chemical »"•-
try. To fulfill these responsibilities, scientists ana •»
of the Environmental Protection Agency (Er"'.^..^
reviewed the literature and discussed the 8J9nIV/orK-
scientlflc and economic issues both In Agency " ar»
group meetings and with consultants and {6i~^gr»
from outside the Agency. The results of this eW fa
reflected in detail In this Support Document ano
Preamble to the Chronic Health Effects Standards-
Keywords: "Toxicology, Tests, Standards,
tlallty, Economics, Design, Costs, Toxicity, &*"£*
mental health, Toxic substances, "Toxic Substanw-
Control Act, Public Law 94-489.
896 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
en94962 MFA01
an|gntel Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Source Characterization Study In St.
rrace Element Analysis,
international Univ., Miami. Dept of Physical
r. Feb 80,199p EPA/600/7-80-025
,* Louis was sampled in July 1975 to
^j?aracten'ze the aerosol in an urban environ-
aaw i U m?derate dispersion characteristics and
chosin 8tnal activity. Two sampling sites were
to th? V '5ne 'P downtown St. Louis and a second close
souVrJ "dustrialized section in south St. Louis. Aerosol
. .
d 'coefficients show that the aerosol from the
,*." s'te is primarily from coal (60-80%), cement
Z %)' steel manufacturing (6-7%) and auto
(3%>- Tne aerosol from the industrialized
dust oSJl!ari|y due to ooal combustion products and
•tons »!/' and cement dust (15%). while auto emis-
sbouti?« heavy industrial processes account for
Honai # £t tne aerosol mass. Determining the direc-
lowart?stribution o' the aerosol trace elements al-
00 Pinpointing of strong local sources.
on, "Trace elements, 'Aerosols,
), Sites, Sampling, Urban areas, Indus-
Con-,, , wastes, Combustion products,
n»as?,r on(Composition), Size determination, Time
Plincf?Q™ent' Sources, Missouri, *Air pollution sam-
* ^amt Louis(Missouri), Point sources.
PC A03/MF A01
Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Befah ft™"' '**-'•
Of A.S?Ufl.e Instrumentation for the Measurement
^UrS*" Mass. Final rept,
* Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
~*ic, R. C. Gatti, F. S. Goulding, and B. W.
0,39p EPA-600/7-80-081
J. u
'
urem«n7m,em developed by LBL for the routine meas-
Wtsn..":,0' aerosol mass using the beta-gauge particle
i method is described and evaluated. Fac-
ng the precision and accuracy of the meas-
ijare discussed in detail. Results of intercom-
> beta-gauge method and
the or? nal flravimetric are presented The design of
autol *?m instrument is parti
particularly well suited for the
rnodeS'S; Analysis of membrane filters obtained from
" otehotomous samplers.
: 'Monitors, 'Detectors: 'Mass, 'Aerosols,
Coneon^ . particles, Membranes,
F|Uirtm3tration(Compoaition), Performance evaluation,
^^ Desi9n' Partiole 8ize- Technology, 'Air pol-
PCA03/MFA01
Hydrocarbons and Their Effects on
Populations, Communities,
JoumaUrticle,
' Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Schne*r- 1979' 43P
on artn» of available data from bioassays conducted
revtoii18ta9e3 of a wide variety of marine organisms
"m a!2 thal e"ects from soluble fractions of petrote-
for nj. Petroleum products. Strict control is suggested
thaji? ^elopment and related activities In certain
«TM S*; Wily productive, continental shelf regions,
I8£'rii relatively confined, ecologically important wet-
iDunM^ estuaries. Soft-bottom, coastal benthic com-
ftMin ue« 0TA viilnorahla in imnnnt nnri rannuoru fr/tm
are highly susceptible to lethal and
if contact with oil occurs. Local breed-
and meroplankton) may become heavily im-
-' specially in certain confined coastal areas.
(**Worels: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Crude oil, 'Marine biol-
itSS-OJ1 Pollution, 'Continental shelves, Ocean envt-
BirdL i. • Environmental impacts, Estuaries, Benthos,
u»- Mortality, Plankton, Coasts, Shellfish, Fishes,
Alaska Gulf, Outer continental shelves, Oil spills,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Ecosystems.
PB80-195738 PC A17/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Ozone for Industrial Water and Wastewater Treat-
ment- A Literature Survey. Final rept. Jul 74-Jul 77,
International Ozone Association, Cleveland, OH.
Rip G. Rice, and Myron E. Browning. Apr 80,396p*
EPA-600/2-80-060
Grant EPA-R-603357
Prepared by Jacobs Engineering Group, Washington,
DC., and Allied ChemicaiCo.,Syracuse, NY.
The project explored the technology of ozonation ap-
plicable to industrial water and wastewater treatment.
The final report documents existing equipment, extent
of application and practical usage, contract systems,
monitoring and detection devices, general and specific
economics, and most recent acceptable procedures.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Ozonation, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, Activated carbon, Oxidation,
Surveys, Utilization, Monitoring, Economic analysis,
Technology, Ozone, Organic compounds, Potable
water, Water treatment, Sewage treatment, Biological
industrial waste treatment.
PB80-185753 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. .
Firm Particle Emissions Information System.
Annual rept. Jan-Dec 79,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. P. Reider, and R. F. Hegarty. May 80,67p EPA-600/
7-80-092
Contract EPA-68-02-2641
See also report dated May 79, PB80-100449.
The report Is the second annual report on the Fine Par-
ticle Emissions Information System (FPEIS), a comput-
erized data base on primary fine particle emissions
from stationary sources. The report summarizes new
data added to the FPEIS during 1979 and outlines ob-
jectives for 1980 including the emergence of the Envl- .
ronmental Assessment Data Systems (EADS). The
FPEIS provides a centralized inventory of fine particle
measurement Information for researchers engaged In
fine particle control technology development and in
the environmental assessment of energy and industrial
processes. The first (1978) annual report on FPEIS re-
ported 120 test sites in the data base. By the end of
1979, 47 new test sites had been added to the data
base and the total of sampling runs had increased to
over 2800.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fines, 'Particles, 'Informa-
tion systems, 'Data acquisition, Technology, Informa-
tion retrieval, Manuals, Fine Particle Emissions Infor-
mation System, 'Stationary sources, FPEIS system.
PB80-195787 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The Feasibility of a Regional Industrial
Waatewater Treatment Facility. Final rept 8 Dec
75-30 Nov 78,
Datagraphics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
Henry C. Bramer, and Charles A. Caswell. Apr 80,80p
EPA-600/2-80-065
Grant EPA-R-804182
The feasibility of establishing a regional Industrial
wastewater treatment (RWT) facility to serve the 68 in-
gahela River has been studied. It has been concluded
that a facility consisting of an interceptor sewer system
following the river course with a treatment plant near
the point at Pittsburgh is technically possible. The facil-
ity would best be designed to treat up to 568,000 cubic
meters per day (cu m/day) (150 million gallons per day
(mgd)) of wastewater.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Activated carbon treatment, Feasi-
bility, Regional planning. Bacteria, Mutations, Filtra-
tion, Monongahela River, Wet oxidation.
PB80-195910
PC A19/MF A01
Publications Bibliography, 1971-1979. Environ-
mental Research Center - RTP.
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
May 80,435p* EPA-600/9-80-027
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-268115.
The report, a bibliography, lists published articles au-
thored by the staff of the four Laboratories comprising
EPA's Environmental Research Center, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. These are the Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Laboratory, the Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratory, the Health Effects Research
Laboratory, and the Industrial Environmental Re-
search Laboratory. The Bibliography, inclusive for the
period January 1971 -December 1979, includes some
citations predating EPA's creation (December 1970).
The Bibliography consists of a Key Word-in-Context
Index, an Author Index, and a Publication Citations
section.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution,
'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Research,
Indexes(Documentation), Public health.
PB80-195993 PC A02/MF A01
Composition of Size-Fractionated Aerosol In
Charleston, West Virginia. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charles W. Lewis, and Edward S. Macias. 22 Jan 79,
12p EPA-600/J-80-003
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v14 p165-1941980.
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, MO. Dept. of Chemistry.
Atmospheric aerosols were collected during a 21 day
period in late summer of 1976 in Charleston, West Vir-
ginia, using five dichotomous virtual impactor samplers
simultaneously. The resulting coarse and fine aerosol
were analyzed with a variety of physical and chemical
methods: gravimetrically for total mass; by XRF for ele-
ments heavier than Mg; by proton induced gamma-ray
emission for C, N and S; by ion chromatography for
sulfate, nitrate and Na; and by Ion selective electrode
for ammonia. It was inferred that sulfur and nitrogen In
the fine fraction were almost entirely in the form of am-
monium sulfate, accounting for 41 % of the total fine
particle mass. Carbon was a large component of both
fine and coarse particle mass, constituting 16% and
12%, respectively. Factor analysis of the data indicat-
ed that four factors were sufficient to satisfactorily rep-
resent the variance of 26 measured parameters. The
factors are characteristic of crustal material, ammoni-
um sulfate, automotive emissions, and an unidentified
anthropogenic source or set of sources.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Aerosols, 'Particle size dis-
tribution, West Virginia, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Fines, X ray fluorescence, X ray analysis, Carbon, Ni-
trogen, Sulfur, Sulfates, Sources, Inorganic nitrates,
Sodium, Ammonia, Magnesium, Air pollution, Reprints,
Charleston(West Virginia), 'Air pollution detection, Ion
chromatography, Ion selective electrodes.
PB80-1M009 PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence of Extractable Hydrocarbons In Sedi-
ments from Raritan Bay, New Jersey. Journal arti-
cle,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
Dennis Stainken. 3 Jul 78,8p EPA-600/ J-7&-091
Pub. in Bulletin of the New Jersey Academy of Sci-
ence, v24 nl p6-l 11979.
Sediments from 22 sites in the Raritan Bay-Lower New
York Bay complex showed that extractable hydrocar-
bons and percent volatiles increased as the slit-clay
content of the sediment increased. The hydrocarbons
appeared to be concentrated In the deeper center of
Raritan Bay and the Raritan Bay muds, heading down
the Bay towards Sandy Hook. Extractable hydrocar-
bons ranged from 2.2-1098.2 mlcrograms/g of dry
sediment and the percent of volatiles ranged from
0.8S-11.39. A peak within the n-C23 range and a large
'unresolved complex mixture' were characteristic of
gas chromatograms. Mixed isomers of benz-pyrene
and benz-anthracence and unidentified 1-6 ring potyn-
uclear aromatic hydrocarbons were present.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Sediments, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Raritan Bay, Gas chromatography, Aromatic
December 1983 897
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
polycyclic hydrocarbons, New Jersey, Water pollution,
Water analysis, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection,
Benzopyrenes, Benzoanthracence.
PB80-196017 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlcfty and Bloconcentratlon of EPN and Lepto-
phos to Selected Estuarine Animals. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Steven C. Scnimmel, Timothy L Hamaker, and Jerrold
Forester. 1979,13p EPA-600/J-79-086, CONTRIB-
354
Pub. in Contributions in Marine Science, v22 p193-203
1979.
Acute (96-hr) flow-through toxicity tests, chronic
(entire life-cycle) tests, and bioconcentration studies
were conducted on selected estuarine animals with
the insecticides, EPN, and leptophos. In the EPN acute
toxicity tests, the test animals and their 96-hr LC50
values were: Mysidopsis bahia, 3.44 micrograms/l;
Penaeus duorarum, 0.29 micrograms/l; Cyprinodon
varlegatus, 168.9 micrograms/l; Lagodon rhomboides,
18.3 micrograms/l; and Leiostimus xanthurus, 25.6 mi-
crograms/r Test animals and 96-h LC-50 values for
leptophos were M. bahia, 3.16 micrograms/l; P. duor-
arum, 1.88 micrograms/l; and L. xanthurus, 4.06 mi-
crograms/l. In separate chronic tests, M. bahia were
exposed to EPN and leptophos. Significant (alpha =
0.05) mortality and fewer young were produced in 4.13
mlcrograms/l EPN. In the leptophos chronic test, sig-
nificant mortality occurred in concentrations > or =
3.63 micrograms/l and fewer young were produced in
concentrations > or = 1.77 micrograms/l. L rhom-
boides, exposed to EPN in a 26-day uptake study, bio-
concentrated the insecticide 707 X that measured in
the exposed water. Trie results indicate that if either
conta ninated an estuarine environment in concentra-
tions > or = 1.0 micrograms/l, the most profound ad-
verse effects on crustaceans and possibly fishes
would result from acute toxicity, rather than from
chronic toxicity or bioconcentration of the chemicals.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Life cycles, Lethal
dosage, Bioassay, Concentration(Composition),
Aquatic animals, Exposure, Mortality, Estuaries, Water
pollution. Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Mysidopsis
bahia, Penaeus duorarum, Cyprinodon variegatus, La-
godon rhomboides, Leiostimus xanthurus, 'Water pol-
lution ettects(Animals), 'EPN insecticide, 'Phosvel,
Phosphonothioic acid/(ethyl-(nitrophenyl-ester))-
phenyl, Phosphonothioic acid/(bromo-dichlorophenyl-
ester)-(methyl-ester)-phenyl.
PB80-1M082 PC A02/MF A01
Th» Effect of Acceleration Rate on Automatic
Transmission Shift-Speeds for Two 1979 Novas.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Randy Jones. Jan 80,15p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-3
Variations in acceleration rates will result in variations
in vehicle fuel economy. If typical vehicle acceleration
rates are distributed in the same manner as the accel-
erations are distributed on the EPA test cycles, or if the
vehicle operational characteristics do not significantly
change with acceleration rate, then results from the
EPA cycles should be representative of average vehi-
cle use. However, if vehicle operational characteristics
change with changing acceleration rates, and if vehicle
accelerations in consumer use are not distributed in
the same manner as the accelerations of the EPA test
cycle, then significant differences between EPA esti-
mated fuel economy and actual vehicle fuel consump-
tion may result. One vehicle characteristic which often
changes with acceleration rate is the transmission shift
speed for vehicles with automatic transmissions. To
determine the effects of acceleration rates on trans-
mission shift speeds, EPA recently conducted a short
test sequence on two vehicles with automatic trans-
missions. These tests determined trie relation between
vehicle acceleration rate and transmission shift speed
for acceleration rates from 1 to 6 mph/sec.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Automatic transmissions,
Acceleration(Physics), Fuel consumption, Velocity,
Performance evaluation, Nova vehicles, Motor vehi-
c(es(1979 models), General Motors vehicles, Trans-
mission shifting.
PB80-196124 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings ol the International Technical Meet-
Ing on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application
(10th), Held at Rome, Italy on October 22-26, 1979.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 79,723p NATO/CCMS-108
See also 9th meeting, N79-27543. NATO furnished.
The growing energy demand in industrialized countries
requires the construction of an increasing number of
power plants fired with sulfur containing fossil fuels in
already polluted areas. The construction of high stacks
seemed to be the best solution. Standardized Gaus-
sian models if at all suitable, are not yet tested for an
application to this problem. This document includes
discussions and research findings of this problem.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Chimneys, 'Meetings, Electric power plants, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Plumes, Diffusion,
Regulations, Numerical solution, Gaussian plume
models, Stationary sources.
PB80-196173 PC A16/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Selected Irrigation Return Flow Quality Abstracts,
1978. Eight Annual Issue. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Wynn R. Walker, Satyansu S.
Kundu, and Mary Lindburg. Apr 80, 360p EPA-600/2-
80-073
Grant EPA-R-800426
See also report dated Jan 79, PB-292 359.
Research related to the quality of irrigation return flow
is being conducted at numerous institutions through-
out the western United States. Related work is also un-
derway at other institutions in the United States as well
as other portions of the world. Approximately 100
sources of material have been searched for articles
pertinent to the Irrigated Crop Production research and
development program. These articles describe water
quality problems resulting from irrigated agriculture,
potential technological solutions for controlling return
flows, recent research pertinent to return flow investi-
gations, and literature associated with institutional
constraints in irrigation return flow quality control.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution control, 'Irri-
gated land, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Fertilizers, Sa-
linity, Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic nitrates, Soil
erosion, Seepage, Ground water recharge, Saline
soils, Aquifers, Return flow, Institutional framework,
Denitrification.
PB80-196181 PC A03/MF A01
Wastewater Irrigation of Rice. Technical rept,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Land Treatment Task Force.
Jack L. Witherow. May 80,27p EPA-430/9-80-0005
This bulletin was prepared as one of a series of reports
to furnish information on studies and current practices
on use of municipal effluents for crop production. The
overall series provides indepth presentations of avail-
able information on topics of major interest and con-
cern related to municipal wastewater treatment and
sludge management. It is a continuing effort to provide
current state-of-the-art information concering sewage
and sludge processing and disposal/utilization alterna-
tives, costs, transport, environmental influences, and
health factors.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Rice plants, 'Irrigation,
'Reviews, Sewage treatment, Municipalities, Process-
ing, Cost analysis, Transportation, Public health. Envi-
ronmental impacts, Land application, Sewage irriga-
tion.
PB80-196306 PC A02/MF A01
Neutron Activation Analysis for Simultaneous De-
termination of Trace Elements In Ambient Air Col-
lected on Glass-Fiber Filters. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
J. P. F. Lambert, and F. W. Wilshire. 7 Feb 79,7p EPA-
600/J-79-092
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v51(9) p1346-1350 Aug
79.
de-
termined in ambient air samples collected on 9«"»
fiber filter composites at 250 United States Site*, i»
instrumental neutron activation analysis (NA>V ««i_
nique combined with the power of a dedicatee "»'
computer resulted in a routine analysis of the co*l°l'£S'.
filter composites. The computer output defined arm/
ent air levels for each element in units of nanogran
per cubic meter. Values for the range determinea, u>
mean, and coefficients of variation for split and coruw
samples are reviewed for each of the elernenw
volved in this multielement scan. Thirteen of trie «
elements are detected in concentrations above »'
discrimination limits in over 20% of the samples an»
lyred.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Neutron activation analy-
sis, 'Trace elements, Samples, Air fitters, «*32jj
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Cnernij
analysis, Reprints, fAir pollution detection, Compute
aided analysis.
PB80-196314 PC A1S/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research in
angle Park, NC. .._,..
Definitive SOx Control Process Evaluations: urnr
stone, Lime, and Magnesia FGD Processes, f-iw
rept. Jun 78-Sep 79, Cm|g.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. en»°
sion Control Development Projects. . _ u
K. D. Anderson, J. W. Barrier, W. E. O'Brien, and S-V-
Tomlinson. Jan 80,327p* TVA-ECDP-B-7, EPA-euu/
7-80-001
The report gives economic and ground-to-groun
energy evaluations of limestone slurry, lime sjurry;|?.r|.
magnesia (producing sulfuric acid) flue gas desunu
zation (FGD) processes. The lime slurry process, uww
"urchased lime and lime calcined onsite, rema»»
aia «* n
500-MW power plant burning 3.5% sulfur coal)
the limestone slurry process (98 $/kW). The \W*°%.
slurry process remains lower in annual revenue
quirements (4.02 mills/kWh) than the lime slurry pro":
ess (4.25 mills/kWh). The magnesia process is abo"
one-third higher in capital investment (132 S/WVe/S
one-fourth high in annual revenue requirements tw»
mills/kWh including credit for acid sales) than theurw
stone slurry process, because of absorbent-recov /
and acid-producing complexities. The lime slurry P™^
ess using purchased lime is more economical '""".ip.
limestone slurry process at low absorbent consun K
tion rates (below about 200 MW or 2% sulfur cow-
Onsite lime calcination becomes economical
pared to purchased lime for larger power pla™
higher coal sulfur levels (about 1000 MW with
sulfur coal, 750 MW with 5% sulfur coal). The Hmf
stone slurry process has the lowest overall (raw nw
rial, FGD, and disposal) energy requirements (*°
less than lime and 30% less than magnesia).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, 'S
waste disposal, 'Slurries, Industrial wastes, Cpn
tion products, Byproducts, Recirculation, Cost anw
sis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Caicw
oxides, Flue gases, 'Limestone scrubbing, '
cycling, 'Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Flue gas
furization, Wet methods.
PB80-19648B PC A23/MF Atf
Development Document for Existing Source rj-,
treatment Standards for the Electroplating r°"
Source Category. Final rept., nc
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, v
Effluent Guidelines Div. „
J. Bill Hanson. Aug 79,531p' EPA-440/1 -79/003
This report presents the findings of an extensive stiw
of electroplating processes for the purpose of oe» \
oping pretreatment standards for existing .P"nt
sources discharging to publicly owned treaty"*
works (POTW) to implement Section 307 (b) w !£f
Clean Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1317' IWj
which requires the establishment of pretrea"£gd
standards for pollutants introduced into publicly o*!^
treatment works (POTWs). This regulation » *5
being promulgated in compliance with the Settwrn"
Agreement in Natural Resources Defense Council, '"JJ
v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), as modified Mw"!,
9, 1979. This study presents pretreatment stanoaru
for the entire electroplating point source category" ,
existing sources discharging to municipal treatrrw
systems. Pretreatment standards for existing sourc"-
898 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
8^ d'"this document describe the degree of ef-
tho K reducl'9n attainable through the application of
ahL LPracti<:able control technology currently avail-
r™ ar>d do not account for the further incidental treat-
"entto be performed by municipal treatment systems.
luH™°ods: *E|ectroplating, 'Regulations, 'Water pol-
^™n, Standards, Design, Technology, Sampling, Eco-
techn ianalysis' 'Water quality, Point sources, Best
-..„,«„ PCA04/MFA01
2Jff°"nnental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
«igie Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
rnl?'y;l» of Houston Aerosol Samples by GC/MS
jj"«a Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) Meth-
"*• Final rept. &p 78-Jun 79,
F S"? State Univ.. Tempo. Dept. of Chemistry.
--"• Karasnk, and M. L. Parsons. Apr 80,63p EPA-
COntractEPA-68-02-2961
procedure developed to give a qualitative
stive analysis for organic compounds ad-
aerospls collected by HUVol filters was
_,and applied to a similar analysis of aerosols
ur. bv dichotomous filters. Analysis was con-
«-iea for five dichotomous samples and two Hi-Vol
co'tected in t ut t. stimted
con/—" WIIOUIBQ in the Houston study. Estimated
•>0"csntration levels for dichotomous filters of 0.1 to
oninS m were reported for the 21 organic com-
EJJJJW searched. Compounds detected included car-
clip o "^ estefs, phthalates, n-alkanes and polycy-
tha "Omatic hydrocarbons. The quantities observed in
M&SS s wel? near tne detection lirnits of tne QC/
«,rT°llvl analysis, and blanks of the instrumental
• solvent, procedure and filter elements were
to identify artifacts introduced. Filter and
~^ks contained compounds in the same or
itity ranges as did the filter samples, indi-
*««," "ld teflon elements of the dichotomous filters
we not cleaned sufficiently prior to use.
, *Gas analysis, "Aerosols, 'Organic com-
Samples, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
enJin "rot"atography, Mass spectroscopy, Laboratory
*»tec« m! ConcentrataXComposition), 'Air pollution
", ion chromatography, Procedures.
pc A04/MF A01
ar«i« n Env>ronmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
A rul? 'Nc-
of Beneficial Uses of Warm
m. lrom Condenser* of Electric Generating
North nal "*&• MaV 75-Apr 80,
L La States Power Co-. Minneapolis, MN.
^ ooyd, G. c. Ashley, J. S. Hietala, R. V. Stansfield,
09Q ' C- Tonk'nson. May 80, 75p EPA-600/7-80-
m cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
i results of a project to demonstrate
i cooling water from condensers of electric
lams can effectively and economically
ouses. The 0.2-hectare demonstration
.„„.._—e, at Northern States Power Co.'s Sher-
Waw. uuntv
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Volumetric analysis, "Bromides, 'Water
analysis, Water pollution, Sampling, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection.
PB80-196934 PC A02/MF A01
Intel-laboratory Study of the Cold Vapor Tech-
nique for Total Mercury In Water. Journal article,
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
OH. Methods Development and Quality Assurance Re-
search Leb.
J. A. Winter, and H. A. Clements. 1975,16p EPA-600/
J-75-002
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
STP 573 p566-580 1975.
The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducted a joint study of the cold vapor tech-
nique for total mercury in water, before formal accept-
ance of the method by each organization. The method
employs an acid-permanganate-persulfate oxidation
step with heat. Following Youden's design, samples
were prepared in pairs as similar yet different concen-
trates in sealed glass ampuls. Analysts added an ali-
quot of each to distilled water and to a natural water of
choice. Single analyses were made on each sample
and recovenes compared.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Mercury(Metal), Water
pollution, Chemical analysis, Trace elements, Oxida-
tion, Samples, Reprints, 'Water quality, 'Water pollu-
tion detection.
PB80-196942 PC A03/MF A01
Experiments on Stably and Neutrally Stratified
Flow Over a Model Three-Dimensional Hill. Journal
article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. C. R. Hunt, and William H. Snyder. 1980,38p EPA-
600/J-80-025
Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Univ. (Eng-
land). Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical
Physics. Pub. in Jnl. of Fluid Mech., v96 pt4 p671-704
1980.
The flow structure over a bell shaped hill (reciprocal of
a fourth order polynomial in cross section and height h)
was studied in large and small stably stratified towing
tanks (with uniform density gradients) and in an unstra-
tified wind tunnel. Observations were made at Froude
numbers F=U/(Nh) over the range 0.1 to 1.7 and at
F=infinity (U is the towing speed and N is the Brunt-
Vaisala frequency). For F greater than or equal to 0.4,
the observations verify Drazins' (1961) theory for low
Froude number flow over 3-dimensional obstacles and
establish limits of applicability. For Froude numbers of
order 1, the study shows that a classification of the lee
wave patterns and separated flow regions observed in
2-dimensional flows also appears to apply to 3-dimen-
sional hills. Flow visualization techniques were used
extensively to produce both qualitative and quantita-
tive information on the flow structure around the hill.
Representative photographs of dye tracers, potassium
permanganate dye streaks, shadowgraphs, surface
dye smears, and hydrogen bubble patterns are includ-
ed. While emphasis is centered on obtaining a basic
understanding of flow around 3-dimenslonal hills, the
results are applicable to estimating air pollutant disper-
sion around hills.
Keywords: *Wind(Meteorology), 'Hills, Stratification,
Froude number, Flow separation, Flow visualization,
Unsteady flow. Air pollution, Reprints, Atmospheric
boundary layer, Atmospheric dispersion.
PB80-187064 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demonstration of a Closed Loop Reuse System In
a Flberglas Textile Plant Final rept. May 73-Dec 79,
Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp., Toledo, OH.
S. H. Thomas, and D. R. Walch. Jan 80,109p EPA-
600/2-80-040
Grant EPA-S-801173
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-271 990.
The report describes work done toward providing a to-
tally recycled water system for Owens-Coming's tex-
tile fiber manufacturing plant at Anderson, SC. (The
work was based on pre-1968 pilot plant work by
Owens-Corning that resulted in development of totally
recycled industrial wastewater systems for all of their
insulation manufacturing plants). Water quality require-
ments for the Anderson plant were considerably more
stringent than for insulation manufacturing. Test and
engineering design work started in 1973. Design work
was compfeted in March 1977 and actual field work
was started. All sanitary wastes from the plant were
segregated for separate treatment. Much modification
to the existing treatment was required to improve the
quality of primary and secondary effluent for tertiary
treatment. In the final process, biologically treated ef-
fluent is sand-filtered, followed by activated carbon ad-
sorption and disinfection with chlorine. Major items of
equipment added were a commercial upflow pressure
sand filter and three upflow activated carbon columns
with backwash capabilities. The quality of treated efflu-
ent is completely satisfactory for all plant operating re-
quirements. Total recycle of treated effluent was real-
ized in mid-1978 and has continued since then. Com-
plete closed-loop operation had not yet been
achieved. Discharge to Betsy Creek has been greatly
reduced.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, "Textile industry, Textile processes,
Design, Performance evaluation, Sand filtration. Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Circulation, Disinfection,
Process charting, Coagulation, Reclamation, 'Waste
water reuse.
PB80-197072 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control Assay Development Methodology and
Laboratory Verification. Final rept Jul 78-.M79,
Catalytic, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
W. F. Longaker, S. M. Hossain, and A. B. Cherry. Jan
80,141pEPA-600/7-80-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2167
The report describes Control Assay Development
(CAD), a data acquisition program designed to evalu-
ate the potential applicability of various treatment
processes for the control of solid, liquid, and gaseous
emissions from coal conversion plants. The CAD pro-
gram described could be used to provide data for eval-
uating selected treatment technologies for coal con-
version wastewaters. Detailed descriptions of all CAD
screening procedures and equipment required for out-
fitting a mobile laboratory are presented. Laboratory
tests were conducted to assess the adequacy of the
proposed designs and operating procedures, and to
verify the use of a dry bacterial culture for biological ox-
idation studies. A number of design modifications were
recommended, based on the laboratory tests. Insuffi-
cient benefit is derived from the use of a dry bacterial
culture during the bio-oxidation screening procedure to
warrant its adoption in the testing procedure.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, 'Environmental surveys,
'Chemical analysis, Technology, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solid wastes disposal, Gas analysis, Parti-
cles, Coal gasification, Oxidation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Leaching, Water
analysis, Methodology, Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment, Design, Control Assay Development Program,
CAD program.
PB80-197320 PC A1S/MF A01
Carbon Adsorption Isotherms for Toxic Organlcs.
Research rept. Aug 72-Mar 80,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Richard A. Dobbs, and Jesse M. Cohen. Apr 80,332p*
EPA-600/8-80-023
An experimental protocol for measuring the activated
carbon adsorption isotherm was developed and ap-
plied to a wide range of organic compounds. Methods
for treatment of the isotherm data and a standard
format for presentation of results are shown. In the
early phase of the study selection of compounds for
testing in the experimental program presented a formi-
dable task. Initial selections were based on the follow-
ing criteria: (1) annual quantity produced, (2) critical
concentration required to produce an adverse environ-
mental effect, (3) probability of occurrence in water or
wastewater, (4) persistence in the water environment,
and (5) solubility. During the course of the study the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration's
(OSHA) list of regulated carcinogens and the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Consent Decree list
of priority pollutants were developed. These com-
pounds were added to those previously selected for
the experimental phase of the study.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic corn-
pounds, 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Isotherms, «"
sorption, Solubility, Industrial wastes, Tables(Daw;|
Streams, Potable water, Sewage, Physical chemical
treatment.
PB80-197346 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Researc"
Triangle Park, NC. .„ ,„,
A Study to Improve EPA Methods 15 and 1» «"
Reduced Sulfur Compounds. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX. .
Henry F. Hamil, and Nollie F. Swynnerton. Apr 80, wp
EPA-600/4-80-023
Contract EPA-68-02-2489
EPA source test methods for reduced sulfur corn-
pounds, Method 15 for Claus sulfur recovery ?»"»
and Method 16 for Kraft pulp mills have been «**2l
ed, and information is provided for the user, isj"
niques and procedures for the gas chromatograp'^'
measurement of hydrogen sulfide, carbonoxysuirow
carbon disulfide, methylmercaptan, dimethylsumuo
and dimethyldisulfide were studied. Absorption w
these species on the surfaces of the chrornatograP"™
system was found to be the main source of Ifp'J'jjJKiL
o
and inaccuracy in the analysis. Permeation device
containing the above sulfur compounds were foonID »
permeate at uniform rates after one year of use."'" ' j
num cylinders containing compressed gas mixtures
the compounds under investigation were analyzeo w
four months. Results showed them to be staDie n
some instances and to be promising candidates iw
quality assurance materials. Comparison of an el'fc;L.
lytic conductivity detector with a flame photometncw
tector showed the former to be valuable for the anw
sis of reduced sulfur compounds under laboratory cw
ditions.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Sulfur inorganic corn-
pounds, 'Sulfur organic compounds, 'Gas detecw™
Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment. Trace,J"r
ments, Design, Performance evaluation, Gas cn,°"L.
tography, Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon disulfide, e™£L|
cal resistance, 'Air pollution detection, *EPA meinu"
15, *EPA method 16, Disulfide/dimethyl, Carbonyl»"'
fide, Methane thiols, Sulfide/dimethyl.
PB80-197361 PCA11/MFA01
User's Guide for MPTER, A Multiple Polnl: 2S5
slan Dispersion Algorithm with Optional Term"
Adjustment,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., _.
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Di*
Thomas E. Pierce, and D. Bruce Turner. Apr 80,29
EPA-600/8-80-016
• • irt '«direct-
ed to air pollution scientists interested in applyirK! ?
quality simulation models. MPTER is the designawj!
for Multiple Point source algorithm with TERrain »j
justments. This algorithm is useful for estimating "
quality concentrations of relatively nonreactive P&L,
ants; hourly estimates are made using the GauwjjjL
steady-state model. The algorithm is most app"0^,..,
for source-receptor distances less than 10 km ano y-
locations with level or rolling terrain where a simp
wind vector for each hour adequately approxirnaw
the flow over the source and receptor sites. The <0"*
adjustment option is limited in application to receP""!
whose elevation is no higher than the lowest stac« »jj
elevation of the sources considered. Calculations«"
performed on the hourly meteorological data thai"L
model requires: wind direction, wind speed, temp""
ture, stability class, and mixing height. Emission 1™"',
mation required of the point sources are source co°J"
nates, emission rate, physical height stack diarnew •
stack gas exit velocity, and stack gas temperature. >
addition to terrain adjustment, options are available ]r
stack downwash, gradual plume rise, and buoyancy-'.
duced dispersion. All printed output is optionally a"*'
able so the user can avoid unneeded output voi""'
General information is contained in the Execui".|
Summary and the first three chapters. The tecnnjr
basis for the algorithm Is given in Chapter 4 and rr
pendlces A ancTB. The remaining material herelnrf
lates to use and understanding of the computer pi"
gram for the algorithm.
900 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, *At-
A ,
wsphenc diffusion, Guidelines, Algorithms,
^^nirat|on(Cornposition), Terrain, Computer pro-
Alr qualitv' Gaussian plume models, MPTER
er program.
Er"!£197544 PC A10/MF A01
P.* K^ental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Canir i S"'06 0< Air Quality Planning and Standards.
VoiV.I, . Technlt'ue» 'or Lead Air Emissions.
ppSf • I: Chapters 1-3. Final rept.,
. "wonmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
t Augenstein, Tom Corwin, Robert Hearn,
7K7a!ari> and James sPerber' Dec 77' 214P EPA"
Contract EPA-68-02-1375
197551 urne 1- Copter 4 ' Appendix B, PB80-
(Pb? JfPfrt documents atmospheric emissions of lead
Ms fn compounds from various sources, meth-
£»»».« controlling these emissions, and approximate
mate, , 'mplementing these control methods. Esti-
for «rl ,V,ener9y and environmental impacts are given
or specific model plants.
tr!au£rd.S: *Air Pollution control. "Lead(Metal), Indus-
sis T e?' Combustion products, Sources, Cost anal-
s. Trends, Sampling, Metal industry, Electric batter-
Manufacturing. Pigments, Exhaust
ve emissions.
PC A16/MF A01
Pa*"{!l!ma"S' Protection Agency, Research Triangle
~ «• NU Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Techniques for Lead Air Emissions.
Chapter 4 - Appendix B. Final rept,
ironmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
genstein, Tom Corwin, Robert Haarn,
450^ ^atari, and James Sperber. Dec 77,370p EPA-
S&*;fct |EPA-68-02-1375
-*• aiso Volume 1, Chapters 1-3, PB80-197544.
leariifil!blioation describes sources of atmospheric
nSMTD) emissions in the United States and deals with
contrniS r°' 8mis8.ion control and estimated costs of
In thi« Lead emissions have been almost ubiquitous
metou, W and have arisen from automobiles, the
teadui?9 industry, fuel combustion, and many
bu*tu»'n9 manufacturing processes. Gasoline com-
(IseSl contributed 90.4 percent of the 141.4 Gg
'araai?? tons) total lead emissions in 1975. The next
m,"!*" wad emitters were waste oil disposal, primary
CjjJJf^,smelting, and solid waste incineration. Signifi-
IXJM-;?urces of fugitive lead emissions are primary
Ltart a°us smelters and secondary lead smelters.
of i«L;!ision8 from gasoline have consisted mostly
amnni. oxides; lead alkyl manufacture emits small
.jwmts of those alkyls as vapors. Control of lead
> from automobiles Is being achieved by re-
pr elimination of lead in gasoline. Paniculate
emissions from Industry are being controlled by
rn°'atic precipitators and fabric filters, up to effi-
of about 99.5 and 99.9 percent, respectively.
*erL H ' ^odel plants were described, and equations
on ^P wived for capital and annualized costs, based
B M ih ust flow rate and annual labor hours. Appendix
diusSS document shows how the equations may be
to either new or retrofit construction.
'Air poHution control, "Lead(Metal), Cost
Exhaust emissions, Combustion products,
e» iar«lysis, Metal industry, Manufacturing, Smelt-
aasne, Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters,
costs. Sources, Electric batteries, Lead
"Sments, Pesticides, Fabric filters, Fugitive
"Wb«b!9,7669 pc A09/MF A01
angfo p~^Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
SlB?rcrltlcal Fluid Regeneration of Activated
Jar>v;n..for Adsorption of Pesticides. Final rept.
The report describes the development of a new proc-
ess for regenerating activated carbon, using supercriti-
cal C02 as a desorbent. Supercritical CO2 in the range
of 30-250 C and at pressures > 80 atm. is a good sol-
vent for organics. A series of pesticides was tested for
treatment by carbon adsorption and supercritical CO2
regeneration. Alachlor and atrazlne, selected for fur-
ther study, both permitted regeneration over multiple
cycles with a low average loss per cycle. All pesticides
tested showed a substantial capacity decline (30-
plus%) after one generation, but after several cycles
both alachlor and atrazlne exhibited a stable working
capacity. Regeneration is rapid. Water In the carbon
pores is not detrimental, at least not at 120 C. Shorter
exposure time of carbon to adsorbent resulted In less
first-cycle decline. Desorption rates increased in-
creased with temperature, and higher regeneration
pressures (150-275 atm.) gave improved regenerabl-
lity. Treatabillty studies on a plant sample of atrazine
manufacturing wastewater indicated a stable but low
working capacity of carbon. Working capacities of 0.05
to 0.08 g TOO per g carbon were obtained at regenera-
tion pressures of 150-275 atm. at 120 C.
Keywords: "Activated carbon, "Deaorption, 'Pesti-
cides, "Water pollution control, Carbon dioxide, Re-
generation, Supercritical flow, Recirculation, Industrial
waste treatment, Manufacturing, Materials recovery,
phs(Charts), Concentration(Cornposition), Design,
Graphs
fl p fOT««fD.j, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Mortoi, f "'PPi' v. J. Kyukonis, R. J. Robey, and M.
Gram": Mar 80,198pEPA-600/2-80-054
v*WtEPA-R^04554
Performance evaluation, Isotherms, Economic analy-
sis, Atrazine, Alachlors.
PB80-197577 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Solvent Extraction of Wastewaters from Acetic-
Acid Manufacture. Final rept. 1 Jun 75-30 Sep 78,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
N. Lawrence Ricker, and C. Judson King. Apr 80,171 p
EPA-600/2-80-064
Grant EPA-R-803773
Solvent extraction was evaluated as a potential treat-
ment method for wastewaters generated during the
manufacture of acetic acid. Possible goals lor an ex-
traction process were considered. For the wastewater
samples studied, extraction appeared to be too expen-
sive to be practical unless recovery of a marketable
chemical were possible. Long-chain, tertiary alkyl
amines, dissolved in organic diluents, appeared to be
the most promising extractants, except for certain
wastewaters containing chlorinated acetaldehydes.
Amlne extractants were studied extensively In small-
scale experiments to determine phase equilibria, ex-
tractant regenerability, mass-transfer characteristics,
and emulsification tendencies. A cost estimate was
prepared for an extraction process to recover acetic
acid from a 22,700-kg/h (100-gpm) wastewater con-
taining 5 wt.% acid. Estimated direct-fixed-capltal was
$1,030,000, with an annual operating cost of
$253,000/year ($5.90/1000 gal), resulting In a return
on investment before taxes (FTOIBT) of 244% per year.
The ROIBT, for a 1 wt.% acetic acid wastewater was
only about 30%; however, this might be increased by
further optimization of the amine/diluent combination.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Solvent extrac-
tion, "Chemical industry, "Acetic acid, Industrial waste
treatment, Samples, Manufacturing, Organic solvents,
Cost analysis. Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Ma-
terials recovery.
PB80-197585 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Eplchlorohydrln and Eplbromohy-
drln. Final technical rept.,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Joseph Santodonato, Sheldon S. Lande, Philip H.
Howard, Denlse Orzel, and Dennis Bogyo. Mar 80,
157p* TR-80-543, EPA-560/11-80-006
Contract EPA-68-01-3920
This report reviews the potential environmental and
health hazards associated with the commercial use of
epichlorohydrin and epfbromohydrln. Epichlorohydrin
is used primarily as a chemical intermediate in the pro-
duction of glycerin and epoxy resins, with small
amounts exported or used for elastomers or other
products. Epibromohydrin was last produced on a
commercial scale In 1975; the only current use of epi-
bromohydrin appears to be as a laboratory research
reagent. Information on physical and chemical proper-
ties, production methods and quantities, commercial
uses and factors affecting environmental contamina-
tion, as well as information related to health and bio-
logical effects, are reviewed and evaluated.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Epichlorohydrin,
Elastomers, Manufacturing, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Bromine organic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical reactions, Oxi-
dation, Photolysis, Toxicity, Public health, Animals,
Regulations, Standards, "Epibromohydrin.
PB80-197619 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Multimedia Environmental Goals for Environmen-
tal Assessment. Volume I. Supplement A. Rept. for
Oct 78-Oct 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. L. Klngsbury, J. B. White, and J. S. Watson. Mar 80,
224p EPA-600/7-80-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3132
See also report dated Nov 77, PB-276 919, and
Volume 2, PB80-115108.
The report supplements Volume I (PB-276 919) of the
two-volume 19/7 EPA report that introduced a meth-
odology to establish Multimedia Environmental Goals
(MEGs) for chemical pollutants. It summarizes the
original methodology and introduces minor improve-
ments. Improvements include the assignment of a
unique identification number to each MEG compound
and modification of the original model used to derive
MEG values for land or solid waste. Its appendices in-
clude: revised category descriptions, an updated
master list of organic compounds, a candidate list of
compounds to be considered for future MEGs, tabulat-
ed discharge MEG values, and hazard potential
values. It also includes graphical summaries of MEGs
for 586 organic chemicals. The Supplement is to be
used in coordination with MEG Volumes III and IV
(PB80-115108 and PB80-115116) which contain back-
ground information summaries and MEG charts for or-
ganic compounds in the new MEGs master list.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pollution control,
"Assessments, 'Chemical compounds, Tables(Data),
Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds, Toxicity,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Public health, Ecology,
Concentration(Composition), "Multimedia Environ-
mental Goals, Listings, Solid wastes.
PB80-197775 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Ethyl Turbulent Flow Manifold
Lean Mixture Induction System as Applied to a
BMW Two-Litre Automobile. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
May 75,12p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-23
For many years, Ethyl Corporation engineers have
conducted research into engine operation at lean air-
fuel ratios. They were interested in lean-mixture com-
bustion because of the inherently low emissions and
good fuel economy that are possible with a properly
controlled lean engine. Some of their recent research
efforts have been to demonstrate the potential of lean-
mixture control techniques to meet the future emis-
sions standards of the European Economic Communi-
ty. Part of the recent work at Ethyl has been with vehi-
cles that use small high-performance engines, on
which significant reductions in emissions have been
achieved. The Emission Control Technology Division,
consistent with Its continuing interest in the evaluation
of advanced automotive emission control technology,
requested a vehicle for testing, and a BMW 2002,
equipped with Ethyl's Turbulent Flow Manifold induc-
tion system, was made available.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption, Carburetors, Combustion, Manifolds,
Intake systems, Air pollution, BMW vehicles, British
Leyland Limited vehicles.
PB80-197783 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy from a
Volvo Three-Way Catalyst Prototype Vehicle.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
December 1983 901
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mar 75,12p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-18
In its continuing interest to keep abreast ol technologi-
cal developments in the area of emission controls, the
Environmental Protection Agency requested Volvo of
America Corporation to allow EPA to perform emis-
sions testing on a prototype Volvo fitted with their
three-way-catalyst system (TWC). Volvo agreed and
sent a vehicle from Sweden which arrived in Ann Arbor
on November 8,1974. The catalyst had 4000 miles ac-
cumulated on it and had been tested for emissions
prior to shipment; results indicated that emissions
levels were below the 1977 Federal Emissions Stand-
ards of .41 grams per mile hydrocarbons (HC), 3.4
grams per mile carbon monoxide (CO), and 2.0 grams
per mile oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Keywords: * Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Exhaust gases, Air pollution, Catalytic
converters, Air pollution control equipment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Volvo vehicles, Volvo of America Cor-
poration.
PB80-197791 PC A02/MF A01
Vehicle Fuel Economy: Track versus Dynamome-
ter. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Bruce Grugett. Jun 80,8p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-8
In a recently completed program a 1979 Chevrolet
Nova was operated over EPA driving cycles on a test
track at the Transportation Research Center in Ohio
and on a chassis dynamometer at the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emission
Laboratory In Ann Arbor. The data obtained in this pro-
gram provide an opportunity to compare road and dy-
namometer fuel economy. This report discusses the
results obtained from this program and discusses a dy-
namometer modification which would make the dyna-
mometer fuel economy a more accurate predictor of
fuel economy obtained by the vehicle on the road.
Keywords: 'Performance tests, Dynamometers, Road
tests, Fuel consumption, Automobiles, 'Fuel econo-
my.
PB80-197809 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A Two-Mode Free-Surface Numerical Model for'
the Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Currents
In Large Lakes. Final rept,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Oept. of
Earth Sciences.
Y. Peter Sheng, and Wilbert Lick. May 80,73p EPA-
600/3-80-047
Grant EPA-R-803704
A two-mode, free-surface model based on vertically-
stretched coordinates and a vertically-implicit scheme
has been developed and applied to Lake Erie under
non-stratified conditions. A brief description of the gen-
eral equations and boundary conditions is first given.
The detailed equations for a two-mode, free-surface
model are then described. Finite-difference proce-
dures including the finite-difference equations are
listed in detail. The model is first applied to Idealized
basins and then to Lake Erie for two wind conditions.
Keywords: 'Lake waves, "Water flow, 'Lakes, 'Lake
Erie, Mathematical models. Coordinates, Hydrodyna-
mics, Circulation, Finite difference theory, Equations of
state, Time, Dispersing, Topography, Depth, Three di-
mensional flow, Boundary layer flow, Wind velocity,
Turbulent flow, Elevation, Landsat satellites.
PB80-197833
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
A Bethnlc Bloassay Using Time-Lapse Photogra-
phy to Measure the Effect of Toxicants on the
Feeding Behavior of Lugworms
(Polychaeta:Arenlcolldae). Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Btol-
Norman I. Rubinstein. C1979,13p EPA-600/J-79-097
Grant EPA-R-804458
Pub. in Marine Pollution: Functional Responses, 0341-
3511979.
A benthic assay was developed utilizing time-lapse
photography to measure the feeding activity of a lug-
worm, Arenicola cristata. Automated 35 mm cameras
were used to record formation of feeding funnels at 12-
hour Intervals. Substrate surface area reworked by lug-
worms held under Identical conditions in separate
aquaria was plotted against time to determine sub-
strate reworking rates for each group. Rates were sub-
jected to linear regression analysis and compared to
demonstrate that no significant difference between the
slopes of the calculated lines existed. Therefore, a dif-
ference in slope when one group is exposed to a toxi-
cant could provide a measure of effect on lugworm ac-
tivity. Lugworms also were exposed to the pesticide,
Kapone, and their rate of substrate reworking was
compared with unexposed lugworms. Kepone was
acutely toxic to lugworms at a concentration of 29.5
micrograms/l. A significant difference in substrate re-
working rates was observed following exposure to
concentrations as low as 2.8 micrograms/l Kepone in
seawater. It is suggested that a behavioral response to
toxicity testing provides a sensitive and realistic ap-
proach for evaluation of ecological impact of pollutants
on the marine environment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Bioassay, Meas-
urement, Photography, Ingestion(Biology), Exposure,
Activity, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentratton(Composttion), Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Arenicola cristata, Lugworms, Kepone.
PB80-197841 PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Textile Mill Effluents to Freshwater
and Estuarlne Algae, Crustaceans and Fishes.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gerald E. Walsh, Lowell H. Bahner, and William B.
Horning. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-023, CONTRIB-388
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 21, p169-
1791980. K
The toxicity of secondary waste effluents from textile
manufacturing plants was determined with freshwater
(Selenastrum capricomutum, Daphnia pulex, Pime-
phales promelus) and estuarine (Skeletonema costa-
tum, Palaemonetes pugio, Cyprinodon variegatus) or-
ganisms. Daphnia pulex was generally the most sensi-
tive animal, but no animal responded to all wastes.
Growth of the algae S. capricomutum and S. costatum
was affected by all wastes, through either inhibition or
stimulation. Some wastes were stimulatory to S. costa-
tum at low concentrations (< 1 %) but Inhibitory at high
concentrations (>60%). The concentration of waste
that stimulated growth of S. costatum by 20% com-
pared with controls (SC20) was calculated and used
with EC50 values for the survival of D. pulex to esti-
mate the potential Impact ol the wastes In relation to
volume of discharge.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Waste water, 'Textile indus-
try, Industrial plants, Fresh water biology, Estuaries,
Algae, Fishes, Crustacea, Shellfish,
Concentration(Biology), Water pollution, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, Selenastrum capricomutum,
Daphnia pulex, Plmephales promelus, Skeletonema
costatum, Palaemonetes pugio, Cyprinodon variega-
tus, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB80-197916 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems: Termi-
nology Reference Manual. Final rept. May-Nov 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. J. Larkin, and B. Ballard. Feb 80,225p EPA-600/8-
80-011
Contract EPA-68-02-2699
The report is a general reference manual on the termi-
nology used to enter and retrieve information from the
Environmental Assessment Data Systems (EADS), a
group of interrelated computerized data bases that de-
scribe multimedia discharges from energy systems
and industrial processes, me EADS was designed to
aid researchers In environmental assessment, source
characterization, and control technology development
The report contains the standard nomenclature or ter-
minology used to describe certain data categories In
the waste stream data bases. To selectively retrieve
data from the waste stream data bases, consistent ter-
minology must be used It the computer search is to
obtain an exact match. The report contains terminolo-
gy to be used to categorize sources, describe control
technology, Identify chemical compounds and ele-
ments, describe analytical methods In sample analy-
sis, and list other data. The terminology applies to par-
ticle, gas, liquid, and solid discharge effluent streams.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, SoM
waste disposal, 'Information systems, Mama™"
sessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion P««"*
Pollution control, Chemical compounds, Tecnmww
•Environmental assessment data systems.
PBao-197957 PC A09/.MnF nc
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, *~
Office of Toxic Substances.
. , .-.a
Investigation of Selected Potential Em*0!*"?*
Contaminants: Haloalcohols. Final technical repi-*,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for cnerm-
Hazard Assessment. u/w/ard.
Sheldon S. Lande, Dennis A. Bogyo, Philip H. How*"1
Joseph Santodonato, and William M. Meylan. Marw,
177p* TR-80-534, EPA-560/1 1-80-004
Contract EPA-68-01-3920
This report reviews the potential environment
associated with the commercial use of a large ..
chemicals that are used mostly as chemical tn«"|JJ
diates - haloalcohols. Ten commercial oompounas »
covered in the report including the following ta&*SL
mercial products: 2-chloroethanol (ethylene cWor°»».
drin) -intermediate for ethylene oxide; ^ehloro-i-P«;
panol and l-chloro-2-propanol (P«>Py|en^,rhinro-i-
drin) -intermediate for propylene oxide; 2,3-dlcnioi •.
propanol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (aPna'Jjn
beta-dichlorohydrin) -intermediate for epicnl°|™ ore-
Information on physical and chemical prop6™8!!^*)
ductjon methods and quantities, commercial U8°°Z^\
factors affecting environmental contamination, »J'M
as information related to health and biological enw •
are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds,
'Environmental surveys, Physical properti**- p"?^,
cal properties, Molecular structures, Manufactuniw
Design, Process charting, Hydrolysis, Oxidatton, r"£
radicals, Photolysis, Animals, Regulations, tantw™"
Toxicity, Public health, Samples, Trends,
,
Substitutes, Storage, Path of pollutants, EtnanS
bromo, Ethanol/chloro, Ethanol/trichloro, Ethane''"/
fluoro, Propanol/chloro, Propanol/dibromo, Propane-
dichloro, Propane diol/chloro.
PB80-197985 PC A18/MFAJJ
Proceedings of National Conference on urn",
Erosion and Sediment Control: Institutions •""
Technology, Held at St Paul, Minnesota on ucw
her 10-12, 1980, „ rireat
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. «"""
Lakes National Program Office. ,„ annra
William L. Downing. Jan 80. 375p* EPA-905/9-80-W*
The purpose of the Conference was to revte*J!J,.
state-of-the-art on urban erosion and sediment; oj»
trol. This conference brought together many """Jl.
uals with a great deal of expertise to discuss soil •»
sion and sediment problems, in the urban &"*"£
fringe areas, and satellite growth centers. '* *??.«,
cused attention on land management tecnniqu"
social and institutional structures, and other me"
nisms by which soil erosion and water problems n»»
be reduced to acceptable levels.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Erosion control,
areas, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings, 'Reviews, o-"i
ments. Land management, Social welfare, La"0.1:^.
Storm sewers, Construction, Regulations, CoQfTiM..
tton, Estuaries, Swamps, Streams, Vegetation, ew-
tion, Soil properties, Institutional framework.
PB80-197999 PCA04/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., «"•
OK. j-o,
Caprolactam Recovery from Aqueous Manuw^
hiring Streams. Final rept 1 May 75-28 Feb 78,
Union Carbide Corp., Tarrytown, NY.
John H. Dibble. Apr 80,59p EPA-600/2-80-062
Grant EPA-R-803737
Pilot-plant runs using plant samples have demonstf* \
ed the feasibility of a novel extraction process forjg.
prolactam recovery from dilute aqueous solutions, r
lowing extraction, aqueous effluent caprolactam »"
centrations as low as 30 ppm were obtained. f """i,
effluent treatment by activated carbon adsorption <
duced the level to less than 2 ppm. In contrast, «jj
commercial multi-effect evaporation process is Jjjj
economical because much more water Is vappn* ,
and the condensate typically contains up to 0.1*1
902 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sea wl£?ic!nt caprolactam. Various physical proper-
tha k«u «;? 8rmined- ln particular, vapor pressures tor
N8r£temnlrnp.onems were determined using a special
^ ure- low-pressure (vacuum) apparatus
specifically for this application.
K Water pollution control, "Materials recov-
•rnteal industry, Manufacturing, Pilot plants,
""faction, Activated carbon treatment, Ad-
rason K^^sical Properties, Vapor pressures, Sepa-
'^epino7XxahydromS' Performance 6valuation'
S^.980?! PCA10/MFA01
AnS.7, ° Airborne Pollutants on Wilderness
EnvJonvS"? $? Minnesota-Ontario Border,
- """"""-mtal Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
•~i, and Orie L. Loucks. May 80,201p EPA-
in cooperation with Institute of Ecology, Indi-
**Wed n !s study was to examine previously unan-
ProBostoH AT10"8 concerning potential effects of the
tenSirTfc ASkokan. Ontario power plant on ecosys-
(BWCA\ W9J°oundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
«ota Ki' an,d Voyageurs National Park (VNP) of Minne-
,*„... UX usino the most relevant data and analytical
inoipal steps were to focus on: (1) the
osition of emissions from the plant (rather
Pollutant concentrations), (2) the use of a
grid model with provision for atmospheric
abteZtTf10"3' and <3) a detailed review of all avail-
Wlutanta tne re9ion on etmospherlc deposition of
c°n»idt»!!rf*ater ^ua|Ky. and effects. The results are
rsBfau!0'™ m relation to a review of responses by ter-
1 aquatic organisms to changes in the chem-
environment.
* Pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Fisheries,
'',. Electric power plants, Deposition, Parks,
models, Plumes, Mercury(Metal), Aquat-
l' Concentration(Compositfon), Ertviron-
,
* aSn Tlficts, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric dioxide, Sulfu-
"»ln vSiu ltric acid, Fly ash, Minnesota, Canada, Acid
W ess areas, 'Precipitation washout, Water
PC AOS/MF A01
Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
il Effect* of Western Coal Surface
.., - VII. Mlcroblal Effect on the Quality of
Final' fr°m East*rn Mont*na Coal Mine
p«triSr I
8'
'., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
Wmble, and Kenneth L. Temple. May 80,
5,PB80-186621.
evSS! Portions of test cores from the overburden of
tttta ui M°orhead coal deposit In southeastern Mon-
itor «? examined for possible addition to leach
f« suth, K wJ&stances and for the presence of iron
Uaehai^oacteria wnicn mi9M contribute to leaching.
the e£~? were evaluated by measuring pH, lead, and
«*»ay ** of the leachates on the Selenastrum algal
: >Coal minin9- 'Bacteria, 'Water pollution,
Toxlcity, Iron, Sulfur, Bacteria,
fComposition), pH. Lead(Metal), Spoil,
afnation. Bloassay, Montana, 'Mine acid
Selenastrum, Leachates.
„ Pc A07/MF A01
Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
£ltable Control Technology) for Stetlon-
- ,
'' Mountain view, CA.
Up8' c- Castaldini, K. Davis, and M.
79' 15°P 79-22/EE. EPA-90S/9-79-002
"«8 MM, 3 evaluations of stationary source NOx con-
SpA fSS c°nducted and are reported here to support
IX I" determining whether the NOx emis-
l rules in the EPA approved State Imple-
Plan (SIP) and the recently submitted SIP
for the Los Angeles and San Diego areas
an adequate level of NOx emission control
for stationary sources. This report documents the fol-
lowing: A summary of the stationary source NOx emis-
sion control rules contained In the SIPs; 'Available
Control Technology (ACT)' specifications for NOx
sources in these areas; and a summary of NOx rules
for other areas in the U.S. The ACT specification In-
cludes estimates of baseline and controlled emissions
levels, the limitations and operational impacts, and the
control costs associated with ACT. Sources consid-
ered include utility and industrial boilers, gas turbines,
internal combustion engines, and industrial processes.
Control technologies include several levels of combus-
tion modifications and post combustion cleanup.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Regulations, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution, State government, Standards, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, California, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, 'EPA region 9, Stationary sources,
Emission factors, State implementation plans, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning program, Los
Angeles(California), San Dlego(Californla).
PB80-198369 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions from a Diesel-Powered Volks-
wagen Rabbit Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Oct 75,16p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-06
Volkswagenwerk A.G. has developed a small Diesel
engine for installation in the VW Rabbit. This engine
potentially offers low exhaust emissions and high fuel
economy. A prototype Diesel-powered Rabbit was
made available to the EPA for an evaluation of its
emission and fuel economy performance.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Exhaust gases, Air pollution, Perform-
ance evaluation, Volkswagen vehicles, Volkswagen
Rabbit automobiles.
PB80-198401 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Method Development for Determination of Poly-
chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Municipal Sludg«.
Final rept.
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Charles F. Rodriguez, William A. McMahon, and
Richard E. Thomas. Mar 80,75p EPA-600/2-80-029
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
The method provides a procedure for analysis of pesti-
cides and PCB'8 in municipal sludge. The method In-
cludes extraction by a centrifuge technique of the
chlorinated compounds from the sludge matrix; clean-
up of the extract to remove interferences by sulfur pre-
cipitation as mercury sulfide, and by gel permeation of
florlsil chromatography; quantttatton of the chlorinated
compounds by an electron capture detector with GC
chromatrography; and confirmation of the chlorinated
compounds by GC/MS/computer. The method pro-
vides confirmation of single component pesticides at
0/3 mg of pesticide per Kg of sludges. The recom-
mended extracting solvent ia 15% methylene chloride,
2% acetone and 83% hexane.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Chemical analysis, Extraction,
Centrifuging, Chlorine organic compounds, Gas chro-
matography, Mass spectroscopy, 'Polychlorinated W-
phenyls, 'Sewage sludge.
PB80-198427 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Application of Buoyant Mass Transfer Media to
Hazardous Material Spill*. Rnal rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richtand, WA.
G. W. Dawson. J. A. McNeese, and J. A. Coates. May
80,48p EPA-800/2-80-078
Contract EPA-68-03-2204
A prototype system was designed and developed to
slurry buoyant activated carbon Into a static body of
water. The process was developed to remove spilled
soluable hazardous compounds from a watercourse.
In a simulated spill, up to 98% removal of Diazlnon, an
organophosphorus pesticide, was achieved by adsorp-
tion on activated carbon and by dispersion of the
spilled material. The basic system was barge-mounted
with an intake pump, a jet-slurrier, a surge tank, and a
slurry pump. The buoyant carbon was fed into the slur-
rier by gravity .from a floating, hopper-bottom tote bin.
Since no acceptable buoyant activated carbon is com-
mercially produced in the United States at this time, a
method of making buoyant activated carbon by using
microballoons and a carbon coating mix was devel-
oped. Estimated cost per pound of media was $3.50
on a small-batch basis.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Activated carbon,
'Water pollution control, Adsorption, Pesticides, Cost
analysis, Injection, Field tests, 'Buoyant activated
carbon, 'Hazardous materials spills, Chemical spills.
PB80-198435 PC AOS/MF A01
Standards Support and Environmental Impact
Statement. Volume 2: Promulgated Standards of
Performance for Grain Elevator Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Apr 78,92p EPA-450/2-77-001B
See also Volume 1, PB80-194152.
Standards of performance for the control of paniculate
matter emissions from new, modified, and reconstruct-
ed grain terminal elevators and certain storage eleva-
tors at grain processing plants are being promulgated
under the authority of section 111 of the Clean Air Act.
The promulgated standards will reduce uncontrolled
paniculate matter emissions by more than 99 percent
and will, reduce paniculate matter emissions by 70 to
90 percent compared to emission limits contained in
typical state or local air pollution regulations. An analy-
sis of the significant changes in the environmental and
economic effects associated with the promulgated
standards is Included In this document.
Keywords: 'Grain elevators, 'Air pollution control,
'Dust control, 'Performance standards, Particles, En-
vironmental Impacts, Dust explosions, Fire hazards,
Economic impact, Legislation, Regulations, Particu-
lates, Clean Air Act, National Fire Codes.
PB80-198460 PC A21/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards: April - September, Fiscal Year 1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1979,497p
See also report for October 1977-March 1978, PB-289
857.
Section I lists research, documentation, training, and
fellowship awards by State, program, and grantee
name. Each record provides applicant name, munici-
pality, program element, title, project director, grant
identification number, type of grant award, date and
dollar amount of award. Section II contains brief
prelect descriptions for research and demonstration
projects administered by Headquarters and is ar-
ranged in ascending order by the grant identification
number. An Index Is provided for cross-referencing the
information between Sections I and II.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Water pollution, 'Grants, Research
projects, Education. Pesticides, Water supply, Thermal
pollution, Project planning. Descriptions, Describing,
Universities, Indexes(Oocumentation).
PB80-198484 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W*t/Dry Cooling Tower Test Module. Final rept.
Aug 77-Jul 79,
Southern California Edison Co., Rosemead.
D. M. Burkart. Apr 80,61 p EPA/600/7-80-078
Grant EPA-R-805220
The report gives results of an evaluation of the engi-
neering performance of a single-cell wet/dry cooling
tower (about 25 MW) in an 18-month field test at San
Bernardino, CA. Test objectives included determina-
tion of the water conservation and operating charac-
teristics, and verification of a mathematical model for
the wet/dry cooling tower.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, 'Water conservation,
•Performance evaluation, Mathematical models, Oper-
ations, Field tests, Moisture, Drying, Air flow, Water
pollution, Damping, Savings, California.
December 1983 903
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-198500 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Multlspectral Techniques for Remote Monitoring
of Sediment In Water: A Feasibility Investigation,
Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Ronald J. Holyer. Mar 80,173p EPA-600/4-80-019
Contract EPA-68-03-2153
A data acquisition and analysis program has been un-
dertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of remote multi-
spectral techniques for monitoring suspended sedi-
ment concentrations in natural water bodies. Two hun-
dred surface albedo measurements (400 to 1,000 nan-
ometers) were made at Lake Mead with coincident
water sampling for laboratory analysis. Water volume
spectral reflectance was calculated from the recorded
surface albedo, and volume reflectance-suspended
sediment relationships were investigated. Statistical
analysis has shown that quantitative estimates of non-
filterable residue (105C) and nephelometrlc turbidity
can be made from volume spectral reflectance data
with sufficient accuracy to make the multispectral tech-
nique feasible for sediment monitoring.
Keywords: 'Turbidity, 'Suspended sediments, 'Water
pollution, Remote sensing, Albedo, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Feasibility, Statistical
analysis, Nephelometers, Lake Mead, Reflectance,
Multlspectral.
PB80-198518 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Emission Measurements of Volatile Or-
ganic Chemicals. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 79,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
George W. Scheil, Fred J. Bergman, and Harold
Owens. Jul 80,48p EPA-600/2-80-166
Contract EPA-68-02-2977
Analytical methods for measuring volatile organic
compounds were reviewed. Two commercially avail-
able instruments were selected and evaluated in the
laboratory; one was judged unacceptable. The other
analyzer was evaluated during a limited field test; re-
sults were satisfactory and averaged 3% higher than
results produced by a concurrently operated gas chro-
matograph system.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'water analysis, 'Laboratory equipment, Chemical
analysis, Water pollution, Air pollution, Performance
evaluation, Field tests, 'Water pollution detection, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB80-198526 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Solid Adsorbents for Collecting At-
mospheric Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Chemistry.
Terry F. Bldleman, W. Nell Billings, and Charles G.
Simon. Jul 80,67p EPA-800/2-80-167
Grant EPA-R-804716
The comparative efficiency of polyurethane foam
(PUF) and Tenax-GC resin for collecting polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls (PCS) and chlorinated pesticides from
300-1600 cu m air was determined by side-by-side
sampling with each adsorbent in the city of Columbia,
South Carolina.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Adsorbents, Air pollution, Polyurethane resins,
Foams, Sampling, Field tests, 'Air pollution sampling,
Columbia(South Carolina), Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Tenax GC resins.
PB80-198575 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Management and Technical Procedures for Oper-
ation and Maintenance of Air Pollution Control
Equipment,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
David B. Rimberg. Jun 79,141p EPA-905/2-79-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
This manual supplies agencies and industrial users
with management and technical guidelines for effec-
tive operation and maintenance of air pollution control
equipment. The manual covers four major topics. Sec-
904 Vol. 83, No. 26
tiqn 1 discusses organization of maintenance oper-
ation, maintenance job planning and scheduling, main-
tenance work measurement, preventive maintenance,
maintenance material control, budgets, and training.
Sections 2 through 4 discuss the three major types of
air pollution control equipment: baghouses, electro-
static precipitators, and scrubbers. Emphasis is placed
on simplified startup, operating, and shutdown proce-
dures. Routine inspection procedures are supplement-
ed with detailed checklists. A general program is pre-
sented for troubleshooting air pollution control equip-
ment. Case histories for a pulse-jet baghouse, dry and
wet electrostatic precipitators, venturi scrubber, and
packed tower are included in the appendix to provide
the user with a sample program for improving equip-
ment performance reliability. Section 5 discusses
equipment and components common to all types of air
pollution control equipment, such as hoods, ducts,
fans, and stacks. Section 6 provides the details of the
tools and equipment required to perform inspection
and maintenance satisfactorily.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Scrubbers, Manuals, Design,
Maintenance, Guidelines, 'Baghouses, Fabric filters,
Stationary sources.
PB80-198583 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Upgrading Primary Tanks with Rotating Biological
Contactors. Final rept. Sep 76-Aug 79,
Bogert (Clinton) Associates, Fort Lee, NJ.
Alonso Gutierrez, Ivan L Bogert, O. Karl Scheible, and
Thomas J. Mulligan. Mar 80,218p EPA-600/2-80-003
Prepared in cooperation with Hydroscience, Inc.,
Westwood, NJ.
A one-year experimental program was conducted at
Edgewater, New Jersey, to evaluate the concept of up-
grading existing primary wastewater treatment plants
to the primary sedimentation tanks. The basic concept
was to horizontally divide a primary sedimentation tank
into two zones by installing an intermediate floor at
mid-depth. Four RBS's were placed in the upper zone
above the intermediate floor. This zone provided sepa-
rate biological contact and treatment of the incoming
wastes, while the lower zone functioned as a second-
ary sedimentation zone. Such a configuration would
minimize the need for additional tankage and clarifiers,
and would be especially suited to plants with limited
space. The experimental program was conducted in
three phases over a full year.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Upgrading, 'Urban
areas, Settling, Sedimentation tanks, Clarification, Bio-
Chemical oxygen demand, Mathematical models, Iron
chlorides, New Jersey, Rotating disk process.
PB80-198617 PC A14/MF A01
Handbook of Procedures: Construction Grants
Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works (Second Edition). Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
1980,311 p
Supersedes PB-257 263.
This handbook identifies and explains the many proce-
dures to be followed by those in the Regional Offices
and the States who are responsible for bringing munic-
ipal wastewater treatment projects from their concep-
tion to completion. The procedures are set forth se-
quentially and are expressed in logical and concise
terms. The operational tasks described are applicable
to the program as a whole and are intended to serve
as an operational standard so that this complex, multi-
faceted Construction Grants Program can move for-
ward as a national program, uniformly administered.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Metropolitan areas,
'Grants, 'Construction, Government policies, Hand-
books, Legislation, State government, Recommenda-
tions, Standards, 'Application processing, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, 'Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972, Procedures, Prior-
ities.
PB80-198633 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of Two Honda Automobiles Pow-
ered by 91 CID Stratified Charge CVCC Engines.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
1976,14p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-03
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency i---••-u.
information about many systems which appear to 01w
potential for emission reduction or fuel economy '
provement compared to conventional engines ano y
hides. This evaluation of two Honda Compou'"
Vortex Controlled Combustion (CVCC) vehicles is »'
third opportunity for the EPA's Emission Control! eui
nology Division to report on the emission ana wj
economy performance of vehicles incorporating ".
stratified charge engine that Honda Motor Company"
Japan announced publicly in the Fall of 1972. ™r?yc
tember of 1973 EPA requested the loan of a CW^
powered Civic for use in comparison tests pew«•
various stratified charge, Diesel, and conventional •"-
gined vehicles. In response to this request, two w1 i
cles were provided by Honda for an indefinite "
time. This report covers the first series of
evaluations of the vehicles loaned by Honda
comparison program. Further testing and compansoi
with other vehicles will be drawn in future EPA repo'«"
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *F4f
consumption, Stratified charge engines, Cafbare^
Performance evaluation, Honda civic vehicles, n°"
Motor Company.
PB80-198765 PC A02/MFA<£
The Effect of Tire Inflation Pressure on veniw
Fuel Economy. Technical rept., .a
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Bruce Grugett. Apr 80,17p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-04
The technical literature indicates that most vehicles^
the road are operated with underinflated tires. j>'""jj
tire energy dissipation increases at lower tire '""""Sdi
pressure and vehicle fuel consumption increasesi"
increasing tire energy dissipation, a vehicle with unu •
inflated tires will consume more fuel than it wouw "'*
property inflated tires. Consequently, a program wjg.
crease average tire inflation pressure on in-use v»»
cles would result in significant fuel savings. Tfjf crvl-
emission factors program conducted by the U.S. cr
ronmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle> tr»"
sion Laboratory provided an opportunity to gatner'
inflation data from in-use vehicles. This reporto"J
cusses the analysis of these data and P'WyZnt
simple approach to increase tire inflation pressure w
reduce U.S. fuel consumption.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, Pressurizing, Fuel co
sumption, Automobiles, 'Fuel economy.
PB80-198872 PC A10/MF AjJ
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnar>«
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standaro
Digest of Ambient Partlculate Analysis and *•
sessment Methods. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO. .
James A. Throgmorton, and Kenneth Axetell. Sep'«"
208pEPA-450/3-78-113
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
A compendium of techniques is provided which j
scribes approximately 25 techniques for analysis •»
interpretation of ambient paniculate data. The w
niques can be grouped categorically as follows:Vi Ef-
poral Patterns; Spatial Patterns; Meteoroli
fects; Emissions Assessment; Interpreting Criei
Elemental and Morphological Data; and Interp
Particle Size Data. The techniques are described
ly, and references for a more thorough treatise o. -flt
subject are provided. The techniques span a ran'£at
complexity, cost and effectiveness. They are evan^
ed in terms of cost effectiveness and resource requ -
ments. The digest provides the user with guideline»
the use of the techniques in terms of their pr°bl® ,io|v
plicabhity, resource requirements and interredwfa
ships. It provides a framework for designing 8tu?',| or
analyses to interpret data from ambient particular
any similar pollutant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles,
Cost analysis, Monitoring, Data analysis, Field
Trends, Diurnal variations, , ,nln-
Precipitation(Meteorology), Wind(Meteorology)- °°
parison, 'Air quality.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PC AOS/MF A01
ervr -won PC AOS/MF A01
S Srental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Measurements of Selected Toxic Or-
SBI l« - nerr" reP-
S"! International, Menlo Park, CA.
' L J- Salas' A- Srnith. a
.
Salas' A- Srnith. and H- Shigeishi. Jul
PA-805990-01
fl![J?8Pneric concentrations of 37 selected toxic or-
gf"~ cnemicals, including aromatic hydrocarbons, ha-
jjjwocaroons, and secondary organic pollutants
soSLmea8ured unde.r varyinfl meteorological and
i „, 4 s«ength conditions at several urban locations -
IBM i59Ses' California; Phoenix, Arizona; and Oak-
chami , rnia- Ambient air measurements of these
,
mS? i 5 Were conducted from a suitably equipped
? laboratory using specifically developed analyti-
Pr
and
reliminary results on concentrations
ai avera9e da"v exposure dosage, diurnal
anru.l ' and atmospheric distribution, abundance,
** 'ate are presented.
analysis, "Organic compounds, Air
tration(Composition), Hydrocarbons,
nSs?! Lor9anic compounds, Transport properties, At-
"ToK)0 c dltt"si°n, Chemical analysis, Field tests,
poi|utjL!ubstance8i *Air pollution detection, Path of
, PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Cinoinnati,
Approach to Beach Protection for Oil
e "fWwt*. Phase I. Feasibility Study,
Paul B mlrnational' lnc- Latham, NY.
Sty c- oakeman, Jr., and Albert L. Armstrong. Oct 75,
QrantEPA.R.803067-01
hireport is a product of the above efforts. The beach
£ liftSt 2," •Wtem studied in this program is designed
OrtanM environmental damage caused by oil spills
PortatK"9 from oil exploration, production and trans-
TI2P' sorbent-based beach protection system
'"vestiated and tested for deployment on
in the intertidal zones of beaches.
« "Crude oil- 'Beaches, "Shore protection,
(fanSSIS'1 Damage, Environmental impacts, Cargo
Sva3£rtation. Intertidal zone, Hazards, Evaluation,
"wrtis analysis, Adsorption, Field tests, *Oil spills.
pc A06/MF A01
Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
Long-Term Air Pollution Model: Adap-
Application to Eastern North America.
u9>B-Mar8
n,,
C. i ["Rational, Menlo Park, CA.
Thwiitar ralkar> R- L Mancuso, D. E. Wolf, R. A.
039 "*• and K. C. Nltz. Jul 80, 103p EPA-600/4-80-
^"fl-term EURMAP-1 model, a trajectory-type re-
\HP * pollution model extensively evaluated and
i Europe in conjunction with studies of interre-
sulfur transport and deposition, was adapted,
and applied to eastern North America. The
"i version, ENAMAP-1, was used to calculate
. seasonal, and annual distributions of sulfur
•no i*!.8™ sulfate (S02 and SO4(-2» concentrations
State. and drV depositions over the eastern United
n. J?*' as well as over the southern portions of the Ca-
\ provinces of Quebec and Ontario. This geo-
" area was partitioned into 13 different regions
~~9lonal sulfur exchanges calculated. Model
) were based on emission data that Includ-
i specialized data prepared for the Sulfate
, Experiment (SURE) and the U.S. Environ-
'rotectlon Agency's National Emissions Data
1 (NEDS). Model results using emissions and
oioglcal data for the year 1977 are presented.
1 Include tables showing the calculated Interre-
"xchanges of sulfur deposition between 13 re-
IIIIH. . eastern North America. Comparisons were
804?.Between calculated and measured SO2 and
vu.z*i ^concentrations. Calculated and measured
' reasonable agreement and Indicate that
ts In the calculated values may be
refinements in the modeling of mixing
i stability. Results are also shown for an ap-
plication of the model using projected 1985 emissions
in conjunction with meteorological data for 1977.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Sulfur dioxide, "Sulfates, Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
United States, Canada, Eastern Region(United
States), EURMAP-1 model.
PB80-199045 PC A07/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7). Supple-
ment No. 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb80,147p' AP-42-ED-3-SUPPL-10
See also Supplement no. 9, PB-295 614.
In this Supplement to AP-42, new, revised and updated
emissions data are presented for mobile sources; air-
craft; transportation and marketing of petroleum liq-
uids; waste solvent reclamation; tank and drum clean-
ing; hydrofluoric acid; phosphoric acid; sulfur recovery;
wine making; harvesting of grain; primary lead smelt-
ing; coal cleaning; glass fiber manufacturing; phos-
phate rock processing; coal conversion; taconite ore
processing; plywood veneer and layout operations;
woodworking waste collection operations; and explo-
sives detonation. There is also an expansion and revi- office of Policv Analysis
sion of the Appendix A, miscellaneous data and con- j^i Horowitz Nov 76 11
version factors.
aesthetically acceptable and meets environmental
standards. The material has demonstrated usefulness
as a soil amendment stimulative to plant growth. If rel-
atively simple control procedures are followed, the
compost appears to be free of primary human patho-
gens because of the lethal effect of heat generated
during the composting process on such organisms.
The composting procedure represents a major ad-
vance over previously known composting methods. It
is adaptable to practical use in municipalities of widely
varying size. In many situations its short startup time
will allow its use as an emergency interim solution for
sludge management. Key Information Is presented on
the economics of the process, and on the marketing
and use of the product as a soil conditioner to Improve
plant growth.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Sewage sludge,
Sewage disposal, Aerobic processes, Composts, Cost
estimates, Utilization, Marketing, Technology, Photo-
graphs.
PB80-199367 PC A02/MF A01
Would Declaring Federal Smog Days Reduce
Automobile Travel In the Washington, DC. Area:
The Results of a Survey of Travel by EPA Employ-
Ms on AprlM9,1976,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
/sis.
'6,19p EPA/400-11/76-002
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Plywood, Wastes, Oils, Solid
waste disposal, Incinerators, Exhaust emissions, Sol-
vents, Woodworking, Taconite, Iron ores, Coal gasifi-
cation, Manufacturing, Reclamation, Process charting,
Design, Tanks(Drums), Cleaning agents, Chemical In-
dustry, Coal preparation, Lead ores. Smelting, Lead In-
organic compounds, Chlorine, Hydrofluoric acid, Phos-
phoric acid, Hydrogen sulflde, Sulfur, Fermentation,
"Emission factors, Stationary sources, Fugitive emis-
sions, Open burning. Sewage sludge, Phosphate rock.
PB80-199186 PC A02/MF A01
Electronic Engine Controls - Availability, Durabili-
ty, and Fuel Economy Effect* on 1983 and Later
Model Year Light-Duty Trucks. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Nugent, Zachary Dlatchun, and Timothy Cox.
Jun 80,19p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-11
The application of microprocessor technology to opti-
mize the functions of the internal combustion engine is
underway. Passenger car model years 1980 and 1981
have seen the widespread introduction of electronic
engine controls of varying degrees of complexity.
These controls hold the promise of lowering engine
emissions and raising engine fuel economy through
the optimization of the combustion processes at all
engine operational conditions. This paper examines
the potential of this technology for use In the future
light-duty truck fleet. The Implications of this technolo-
gy on fleet fuel economy, in conjunction with the more
stringent emission standards in 1983, are examined
along with projections as to the future availability and
durability of these microprocessors and their associat-
ed engine sensors.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, Electric
equipment, Internal combustion engines, Control
equipment. Technology assessment, Exhaust emis-
sions, "Light duty vehicles, "Electronic engine con-
trols, "Microprocessors.
PB80-199359 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Manual for Composting Sswags Sludge by th*
Beltsvlll* Aerat«d-PII« Method. Final rept.,
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD.
Q. §. Willson, J. F. Parr, E. Epstein, P. B. Marsh, and R.
L. Chaney. May 80,83p EPA-600/8-80-022
In producing clean water from sewage, wastewater
treatment plants also produce sludge. Most of the
commonly used methods to dispose of this material
are now considered to be either environmentally unac-
ceptable, wasteful of energy, or very expensive. To
ease this situation, a relatively simple, rapid, and Inex-
pensive sludge composting process has been devel-
oped. The method makes possible the conversion of
undigested sludge into a composted product that Is
It Is sometimes suggested that the intensity of smog
episodes in the Washington D.C. area could be re-
duced by asking Federal employees in the area not to
go to work on days forecast to be smoggy, thereby re-
ducing the volumes of automobile travel and emissions
during smog episodes. Estimates of the reduction in
automoble travel that might be achieved suggest that
declaring a Federal smog day might reduce Federal
employee automobile trips by 18 to 42 percent and
Federal employee vehicle miles traved by 37 to 50 per-
cent.
Keywords: 'Smog, "Air pollution abatement, "District
of Columbia, Crankcase fumes, Automobiles, Travel,
Government policies, National government, 'Work
travel patterns, Commuters, Commuting, Journey to
work.
PB80-199375 PC AOS/MF A01
Transit Requirements for Achieving Large Reduc-
tions In Los Angeles Area Automobile Travel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Joel Horowitz. Nov 76,79p EPA/400-11 /76-001
The paper describes the structure and application of a
model for estimating aggregate supply characteristics
of bus transit systems that are capable of carrying sub-
stantial fractions of the person trips in a urban area.
Given the number and geographical distribution of trips
that must be carried on transit, the model enables a
range of transit options for carrying these trips to be
developed. Each option Is characterized by the
number of buses it requires, the geographical area
served by transit, the transit schedule frequency, the
transit mode split that must be achieved in the transit
service area, average transit travel time and cost per
trip, and the average travel time and cost that would
result if bus travelers used automobiles.
Keywords: "Urban transportation, *Buses(Vehicles),
Transportation models, Estimates,
Oemand(Economlcs), Services, Urban areas, Travel
time, Requirements, Automobiles, California, Los
Angeles(Callfornla), Public transportation.
P880-199383 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Load and Inertia on Partlculate
Emissions. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danlelson. Jan 80,7p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-1
This report summarizes paniculate emissions data
from light-duty dlesel trucks operating over a range of
road loads and inertia weights. The results Indicate
that dlesel paniculate emissions are relatively Insensi-
tive to road load but are significantly influenced by
changes In vehicle Inertia weight. Information of this
nature Is useful in determining differences in panicu-
late emissions that can be expected when the same
December 1983 905
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
engine is applied to vehicles of different sizes and
weights.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Weight(Mass), Static loads, Air pollution, 'Light
duty vehicles.
PB80-199706 Not available NTIS
Concurrent Neoplastlc and Protlstan Disorders In
the American Oyster (Crassostrea Vlrglnlca). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
John A. Couch, and James T. Winstead. c1979,8p
EPA-600/J-79-099
Prepared in cooperation with University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Dept. of Biology.
Pub. In Haliotis 8, p249-254 1979.
One of 373 oysters examined as part of a histological
survey of oysters from Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA,
had a concurrent blood cell proliferative disorder and a
protistan infection. The neoplastic blood cells (leuko-
cytes) were found throughout the vesicular connective
tissues and blood spaces in sections of the oyster.
These proliferating cells resembled the neoplastic
cells described by Couch (1969) and Farley (1969)
from other specimens of Crassostrea virginica from
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. Mitotic figures were
abundant in foci of the neoplastic tissue. Epithelial tis-
sues of the gut of this oyster were infected by spore
and schizogonic stages of Dermocystidium marinum, a
presumed pathogenic protist of oysters. Spores of this
protist and other proliferative stages were observed in
connective tissues and blood spaces. There was no
morphological evidence that the neoplastic blood cells
were related to the protist life cycle stages.
Keywords: 'Oysters, Blood cells, Shellfish, Inverte-
brates, Histology, Florida, Apalachicola Bay,
Tissues(Biology), Leukocytes, Morphology, Reprints,
Infections, Crassostrea virginica, Dermocystidium mar-
inum, Pathogens.
PB80-199805 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
The Revised Organic Chemical Producers Data
Base System. Interim final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. E. Wilkins, C. H. Tucker, and E. D. Gibson. Jul 80,
172p RAD-TN-200-223, EPA-600/2-80-164
Contract EPA-68-03-2623
This report describes the revised Organic Chemical
Producers Data Base (OCPDB), an automated chemi-
cal information system developed for the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA). Improvements have
been made in two ways: (1) expansion of the data base
to include more chemicals and more information about
each and (2) implementation of the systerrf through a
data base management system. The revised data
base includes almost 600 chemicals and more than
1300 producers. Chemicals are described by Chemical
Abstracts Services (CAS) registry number, Wiswesser
Line Notation (WIN), industrial process descriptions,
chemical uses, synonyms, toxicity, economic data, and
producers. Priority Pollutants identified as a result of
NRDC vs. EPA are marked and process descriptions
are cross-referenced with another EPA reference
source, The Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use (IPPEU). Locations of producers are de-
scribed by city, state, EPA region, and river basin. The
chemicals produced at each location are listed, along
with nameplate capacities, when available. Retrieval is
possible through use of 'key' data elements: chemical
name, synonyms, OCPDB number, CAS numbers,
WLN, priority pollutant markers, process ID number,
IPPEU numbers, producer company name, parent
company name, city, state, river basin, and EPA
region.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Organic com-
pounds, Manufacturing, Chemical industry, Information
retrieval, 'Organic Chemical Producers Data Base,
OCPDB system.
PB80-199813 PC A13/MF A01
Proceedings: Industry Briefing on IERL-RTP
Lime/Limestone Wet Scrubbing Test Programs
(5th) (December 1979),
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John E. Williams. Jun 80,287p EPA-600/9-80-032,
IERL-RTP-1059
See also report dated Mar 79, PB-296 517.
The proceedings document presentations made
during the December 5,1979, industry briefing confer-
ence which dealt with the status of EPA/IERL-RTP's
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) research, development,
and application programs. Subjects considered includ-
ed: lime/limestone scrubbing test results involving the
organic buffer, adipic acid; limestone type and grind
tests at lERL-RTP's pilot plant; lERL-RTP's program
on waste solids disposal; the TVA/Shawnee lime/
limestone design economic study computer program;
alkali feedrate automatic control for limestone scrub-
bers; tests on the concurrent scrubber at TVA/Shaw-
nee; and forced-oxidation tests at the Widow's Creek
Unit 8 full-scale limestone scrubber. The conference
provided developers, vendors, users, and those con-
cerned with regulatory guidelines with a current review
of progress made in lERL-RTP's FGD technology de-
velopment program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Scrubbers, 'Meetings, Calcium
oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Pilot
plants, Oxidation, Flue gases, Sludge disposal, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing, Wet methods, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB80-199821 PC AOS/MF A01
Air Pollution Concentrations Associated with
Stagnation and Restricted Visibility, Eastern
North America, August 1976,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. Jul 80,82p EPA-600/4-80-038
August 16 to 22,1976, was designated as a stagnation
the Korshover technique, and Lyons and his associ-
ates judged August 16 to 28 to be a stagnation period.
The effect of the 13 days of stagnation on five pollut-
ants (total suspended participates, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, ozone and sulfates) and the association
of various pollutants with restricted visibility are dis-
cussed in detail. Because long-range transport contrib-
utes to high concentrations of pollutants, trajectory
analyses are included to indicate the approximate
source-receptor relationships.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Sulfates, 'Eastern
Region(United States).
PB80-199839 PC A06/MF A01
Western Energy Resource Development: A Net-
work for Monitoring the Impact on Surface Water
Quality. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Robert W. Thomas. Jul 80,109p EPA-600/4-80-036
A monitoring network to assess the impact of energy
resource development on surface water quality in
Western Mountain States is developed. A literature
review of energy resource development activities,
known and potential pollutants, monitoring strategies,
and data requirements for statistical analyses located
the river systems most likely to be affected, deter-
mined parameters of interest, and identified deficien-
cies in existing monitoring operations.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water pollution, Water
quality, Environmental impacts, Monitoring, Montana,
Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona,
'Energy source development, Resource development,
Western Region(United States).
PB80-200017 PC A02/MF A01
Pesticides: Their Impact on the Estuarine Environ-
ment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
DelWayne R. Nimmo. 1979,14p EPA-600/J-79-098,
CONTRIB-366
Pub. in Marine Pollution: Functional Responses, p259-
2701979.
Published research factors influencing the use of pes-
ticides are discussed. One section reviews recent re-
search on the effects of new pesticides that include
insect growth regulators, including Permethrin(R),
Altosid(R), and Dimilin(R). In life-cycle toxicity tests
with the mysid Mysidopsis bahia, the 96-hr LC50 of ui-
milin was 2.06 micrograms/l (95%) CL= 1.63 to*-°r
micrograms/l and estimated concentration of 75 rra-
crograms/l (parts per trillion) significantly reduceal,j
number of young produced by each female "V";:
Author concludes: (1) more emphasis is needed on
predicting or monitoring obvious potential 80urce*(Ja
accidental estuarine contamination, as is being JJ"?!
,
possible by recent toxic substances legislation; W"'
ecological importance of non-point source of Pf"".
cides is documented from reports of effects O"
on field populations of non-target animals exposea w
a number of pesticides; (3) laboratory studies may u"j
derestimate the potential for environmental damage
the field.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Oxygen orjgj*
compounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, cm or »
organic compounds, Lethal dosage, Bioassay, u"
cycles, Concentration(Composition), lnaeCaM%.
Ecology, Estuaries, Reprints, Toxic substances, w»
fluoro, Entocon ZR-515, Dodecadienoic
pyl-methoxy-trimethyl.
PB80-200033 Not available NTIS
A Marine Algal Bioassay Method: Result* «»"
Pesticides and Industrial Wastes. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. fl
Gerald E. Walsh, and Shelley V. Alexander. 14 Sep ""
13p EPA-600/J-80-024, PUB-385 , -_n
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 13 p45-5519"0'
A simple marine algal bioassay method is de8C"jJJ.
for short- and long-term studies on pesticides ana
dustrial wastes. It can be used for rapid screening «
variety of substances with single-species and mure
species tests and gives relative toxicities of tne pj
ants tested. Algae are grown in optically matcneo <•
ture tubes that fit directly into a spectrophotomeiwi
lowing population density to be estimated by aw°
bance without removal of samples, 96 h EC5- 8,w
braska consist of records of stage, discnarHr^g,
water quality of streams; state and contents 0.^ |n
and reservoirs; and water levels and water 9"rharaa
wells and springs. This report contains urrntgf»r
records for 161 gaging stations; stage and c(^ragM
10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for e" %| flow
stations, 10 ungaged stations, 34 partial-reco'« ^
stations, and 276 wells; and water levels for 6J %£$.
vation wells. Also included are 7 crest-stage \>
record stations.
906 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
s: "Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nebras-
ka, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Water wells, Tem-
perature, Tables(data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
'°8ic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-200363 PC A04/MF A01
gaustnal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
•ft- Extraction Technology Branch.
rv .!y81* °' Selected Samples for Metals Uptake.
»aft rept. (Final) Sep 78-Mar 79,
."'"roan Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
EPi £hultz'13 Mar 79- 62P HIT-C0194/002-78-765D,
EPA-600/7-80-098
Contract EPA-68-03-2664
S??» samples were collected from the Contrary
hui 1D> Bovd Smith reclamation protect of the Virgin-
min»a\er QualitV Control Board and the Anvil Points
wi.ro treatment experimental facility. Fish samples
e-rf .c°"ected from the EPA's mine water treatment
Vimin-m82tal facility's sludge pond near Crown, West
cadnv SamPles. were analyzed for arsenic, boron,
lithium cnrorn'um, copper fluorine, iron, mercury,
I™"!, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus,
COM ?eler|ium, vanadium, and zinc. Various quality
caiiui P'Pr°cedures were applied and analyzed statistl-
v*l|y m the report.
tiS[WOrds: *Metels, 'Oil shale, 'Mining, 'Water pollu-
Conx. . Sampling, Grasses, Fishes,
um ~Intration(Composition), Arsenic, Boron, Cadmi-
Uhi,, omiurn' Copper, Fluorine, Iron, Mercury(Metal),
Leariru' Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel,
drain! tal)- Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc, 'Mine acid
wai Sulfur mining.
PCA08/MFA01
nvironmental Research Ub., Research Tri-
GPA/ie NC.
Pllrm lr"RTP Procedures Manual: Laval 2 Sam-
Do-S al™ Analysis of Oxidized Inorganic Com-
TRW tbf lnal rcpt- Jul 76-A"9 79,
i 6 and Space Svsterns Group, Redondo
CA
. L. E. Ryan, R. G. Delumyea, and J. A.
' 172pEPA-600/2-79-200
lder,t»5?rt Ascribes Level 2 analysis procedures for
""enter « oxldizet* inorganic compounds in environ-
Thenr,JrmPle8 frorn energy and industrial processes.
Bon (ai i™,!"68 include: (1) initial sample characteriza-
U9| 'noi. , lk sample characterization, and (3) individ-
interfewn cnaracterization. The theory, sensitivity
tor08' 8ample preparation, application, and in-
611 are described for each procedure.
a 8teP in the development of a general
for analysis of process samples. It de-
concaPte of Level 2 analyses and reviews
ed Drn*ava/lable Procedures. It does not define a
c|udes rt 7°°' because the complexity of samples pre-
n«tion £ BTln™°'1 of specific procedures without exami-
"" or analysis.
The
PouridSu?|- priernical analysis, 'Inorganic com-
w«stBs'r fcnY"ronmerrtal surveys, Oxidation, Industrial
tion products, Water pollution, Air pol-
n ' Thermal analysis, Anions, Neutron
? ,ana|y8is. X ray fluorescence, Electron mi-
cor» ,. , -
fn detaM-cles' *Air Potion detection, 'Water pollu-
°8copy &QfM wastes, Fourier transform spec-
PCA13/MFA01
mental Research Lab., Research Tri-
6$, rark,Nc.
?Uld..l\n}*r|t1|i Assessment Data Syeteme User
s. •• """Id Effluent* Data System. Final rept.
. Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
_Jan 80,284p EPA-600/8-80-008
EPA-68-02-2699
'ZS user guide to the Liquid Effluents Data
(ST08)'a cornPuterized data base on liquid ef-
|.EEci*a8tewater) from stationary point sources.
aw ls one of four waste stream data bases
ornponent8 of tne Environmental Assess-
tems (EADS). The EADS concept has
to aid researchers in environmental as-
sessment, emissions characterization, and control
technology development. LEDS contains data from
source sampling which may include: conventional
wastewater pollutant concentrations; design and typi-
cal operating data on control technology applied to the
liquid effluent stream; analysis of any fuel or feedstock
to the process producing the effluent stream; results of
chemical, physical, radiological, and biological/eco-
logical tests of liquid samples; process descriptions of
the sources; and descriptions of the sampling equip-
ment and techniques employed. The LEDS protocol is
consistent with Level 1 and 2 reporting requirements.
The guide gives detailed instructions for encoding
LEDS data sets, defines procedures for submitting and
retrieving data, and contains standard nomenclature to
facilitate data encoding. It also contains a program li-
brary that describes analytical software available to
the user and provides instructions for its use. It also
discusses ways for the user to access LEDS.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Information systems,
'Manuals, Assessments, Data acquisition, Data re-
trieval, Sources, Ecology, Sampling, 'Liquid effluents
data system, LEDS system, Stationary sources, Envi-
ronmental assessment data systems.
PB80-200S46 PC A99/MF E02
Process Design Manual for Sludge Treatment and
Disposal. Technology transfer series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Heseach Information.
Sep 79,1135p* EPA-625/1-79-011
Supersedes PB-259151.
The purpose of this manual is to provide the engineer-
ing community and related industry with a new source
of information to be used in the planning, design, and
operation of present and future wastewater pollution
control facilities. This manual supplements this exist-
ing knowledge by describing new treatment methods
and by discussing the application of new techniques
for more effectively removing a broad spectrum of con-
taminants from wastewater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, Manuals, Reviews, Processing, Oper-
ations, Design, Municipalities, Waste water, Sludge
disposal, Technology transfer, Optimization, Flow
charting, 'Sewage treatment plants, 'Sludge treat-
ment.
PB80-200561 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Development of Methods to Improve Perform-
ance of Surface Mine Sediment Basins. Rept. on
phase I,
Skelly and Loy, Harrisburg, PA.
Charles E. Ettinger. Apr 80,187pEPA-600/7-80-072
Contract EPA-68-03-2677
The control of erosion and sedimentation from dis-
turbed lands is a subject of increasing interest, particu-
larly in the area of surface mining. Because of the hy-
drologic conditions and steep terrain in Appalachia, a
large share of the eroded material comes from surface
mines, largely controlled through the use of sedimen-
tation ponds. With the passage of the 1977 Clean
Water Act which has a specific effluent limitation of
total suspended solids from surface mine sedimenta-
tion basins, the Environmental Protection Agency has
mandated that sediment basins be designed to
achieve a specific effluent quality. Two methods for
achieving this goal have been investigated during this
study, physical modifications to sediment basin design
parameters and the use of chemical coagulants. As a
result of this study, methods have been determined for
upgrading sediment pond efficiencies by physical
modifications and coagulant usage.
Keywords: "Surface mining, 'Coal, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Sewage treatment, Sedimentation, Design criteria,
Coagulation, Upgrading, Mine waters, West Virginia,
Settling, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Clean Water Act of
1977, Appalachian Region(United States).
PB80-200595 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Guidelines for NOx Control by Combustion Modi-
fication for Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Procedures
for Reduction of NOx Emissions and Maximization
of Boiler Efficiency. Special rept. Jun 74-Dec 79,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Florham Park,
NJ.
E. H. Manny. May 80,102pEE.116E.79, EPA-600/8-
80-027
Contract EPA-68-02-1415
The report, which has been reviewed by industry ex-
perts, reflects the experience developed in successful-
ly applying combustion modifications to reduce NOx
emissions from coal-fired utility boilers. Although the
report emphasizes coal-fired equipment, the same
principles can be applied to gas- and oil-fired systems.
Techniques, methods, and step-by-step procedures
are detailed by example to guide utility personnel who
may desire to conduct their own NOx emission reduc-
tion programs. Background information on operating
parameters affecting NOx, necessary to understand-
ing NOx emission control, is also included. Field stud-
ies were conducted from 1971 to 1979 to assess the
feasibility of combustion modification to control NOx
and other pollutants from large utility boilers. During
these investigations, significant NOx reductions were
demonstrated. For example, using a combination of
staged combustion, low excess air firing, and other
techniques reduced NOx by an average of 38%, over a
range of 12 to 62%, in more than 35 utility boilers.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Boilers, 'Guidelines, Electric power plants, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Revisions, Field tests,
Inspection, Maintenance, Sampling, *Coal fired power
plants.
PB80-200793 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Analytical Procedures for Determining Organic
Priority Pollutants In Municipal Sludges. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, G. A. Jungclaus, T. M. Engel, R. M.
Riggin, and C. C. Chuang, Mar 80,58p EPA-600/2-80-
030
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
An analytical procedure was developed for the deter-
mination of 54 semi-volatile organic priority pollutants
in sludge at levels down to 0.01 microgram/g wet
weight. The procedure involved extraction with methyl-
ene chloride or chloroform, cleanup of groups of com-
pounds having common properties, and in most cases
analysis of the fractions by GC-MS using high-resolu-
tion glass capillary columns and selected ion
searches. The final analyses involved the analysis of
three separate fractions, namely benzidines, phenols,
and neutrals. The benzidines were determined by
HPLC analysis using an electrochemical detector in-
stead of by GC-MS because GC-MS sensitivity for
these compounds was too low. Quantitation in the GC-
MS analyses involved the internal standard method
applied to selected ion responses. Relative response
factors obtained from the analysis of standard solu-
tions were used as correction factors.
Keywords: 'Sludges, 'Chemical analysis, 'Organic
compounds, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Solvent extraction, Sewage treatment, Separa-
tion, Phenols, High performance liquid chromatogra-
phy, Benzidines.
PB80-200801 PC A02/MF A01
Carbon Balance and Volumetric Measurements of
Fuel Consumption. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Terry Newell. Apr 80,11p EPA-AA-SDS8-80-05
A recently completed EPA test program investigated
the effects on emissions and fuel consumption of dif-
ferent types and brands of tires. In that program, fuel
consumption was measured using both the carbon bal-
ance and volumetric methods. The number of tests
ponducted provided adequate data for a comparison
of the results obtained by these different methods. A
previously conducted investigation into the differences
between carbon balance and volumetric measure-
ments of fuel consumption concluded that a consistent
difference exists between them. Fuel consumption
measured volumetrically was found to average three
percent higher than when measured by the carbon bal-
December 1983 907
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ance method. This report presents another analysis of
this question.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Fuel consumption, Ex-
haust emissions, Volumetric analysis, Exhaust gases,
Carbon balance testing.
PB80-200819 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Partlculsts Control at High Temperature and Pres-
•urt Using Augmented Granular Bad Filters. Final
rept. Dec 78-Dec 79,
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
Shul-Chow Yung, R. G. Patterson, and Seymour
Calvert. Fab 80,106p EPA-600/7-80-035
Contract EPA-68-02-2183
The report gives results of experimental measure-
ments (in fixed- and moving-bed filters) of the effect of
electrostatic augmentation on granular bed filter parti-
cle collection efficiencies. Experimental findings in-
cluded: (1) either polarizing the bed or charging the
particles significantly increased the collection efficien-
cy of the filter (efficiency increased with increasing ap-
plied voltage across the bed); (2) both polarizing the
bed and charging the particles caused the bed to
become very efficient in collecting particles (efficiency
of a 15 cm deep bed of 1.6 mm diameter alumina
spheres with a polarizing field strength of 1.31 kV/cm
was above 98% for all particle sizes); (3) polarizing the
bed and/or charging the particles has no effect on
pressure drop across a clean bed; (4) a filter cake in-
creases the collection efficiency of the granular bed
filter (the increase depends on the cake structure and
the amount of dust retained in the beds); (5) DC polar-
ization Is much more effective than low frequency AC
polarization; and (6) fixed bed filters show a higher col-
lection efficiency and a higher pressure drop than
moving beds (in moving beds, lower recirculation rates
also have lower rates of attrition of retaining grids and
granules and lower rates of dislodging and reentraining
the collected particles).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment. 'Particles,
High temperature tests, High pressure tests. Electro-
statics, Performance evaluation, Filtration, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Grapns(Charts),
'Granular bed filters.
PB80-200827 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
attribution of Orally Administered Chrysotlle As-
bestos In Newborn Baboon Body. Final rept. 1 Oct
78-30 Sep 79,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
Kusum J. Patel-Mandlik. May 80,27p EPA-600/1-80-
022
Contract EPA-CA-8-3307-J
This report presents the results of transmission elec-
tron microscopic analyses for asbestos in ten organs
of the newborn baboon which was orally administered
chrysotile asbestos. The feeding period consisted of
nine days with a cumulative dose of 3 xio to the 13th
power chrysotile fibers per kilogram. Analyses of the
same ten organs of a control newborn baboon is also
included. The test tissues showed higher levels of as-
bestos than respective control tissues. The highest
concentration of chrysotile fibers was found in the
kidney cortex followed by lymph nodes, spleen, colon,
esophagus, kidney medulla, stomach, and liver. Fiber
size distribution of the fibers recovered from all organs
is presented.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Toxicology,
Serpentine, Primates, Electron microscopy, Fibers,
Tissues(Biology)> Concentration(Composition),
Kidney, Laboratory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Ba-
boons, Drinkind water, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB80-200835 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Alternate Enzymes for Use In Chollnssterase An-
tagonist Monitors, (CAM'S). Final rept. Nov 76-Sep
77,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Louis H. Goodson, and Vicki J. Appleman. May 80,84p
EPA-600/2-80-083
Contract EPA-68-03-0299
The Cholinesterase Antagonist Monitors ('CAM's')
normally use Cholinesterase as the sensor in the de-
tection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides.
The present investigation has been concerned with a
search for alternate enzymes that could be used in the
CAM system and that would enable it to detect a varie-
ty of other types of environmentally important toxic
chemicals including chlorinated hydrocarbons, phen-
ols, aryl phosphates, cyanide, heavy metals, etc. Five
enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, carboxyl es-
terase, glucose oxidase, carbonic anhydrase, and hex-
okinase have been incubated with dilute solutions of
toxic chemicals and the degree of enzyme inhibited by
low levels of toxic test compounds. It is concluded that
these and similar enzymes are of potential value in the
detection and monitoring of toxic substances in water.
Keywords: 'Enzymes, 'Cholinesterase inhibitors,
'Monitors, Organic phosphates, Carbamates, Pesti-
cides, Substitutes, Chemical agent detection, Water
pollution, Sampling, Water pollution detection.
PB80-200843 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions of Reactive Volatile Organic Com-
pounds from Utility Boilers. Final rept. Aug 79-Apr
80,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Bernard Jackson, Lou Scinto, and Chris Shih. May 80,
49p EPA-600/7-80-111
Contract EPA-68-02-3138
The report gives results of the measurement of emis-
sion factors for reactive volatile organic compounds
(VOC) from 43 utility boilers firing bituminous coal, lig-
nite, oil, and natural gas. The boilers ranged in size
from 9 to 910 MW. The median reactive VOC emission
factors were determined to be between 0.47 and 1.85
ng/J for coal- and lignite-fired sources (excluding
stoker data); between 0.03 and 1.48 ng/J for residual-
oil-fired sources; and between 0.01 and 1.00 ng/J for
gas-fired sources. Approximately 50% of the coal- and
lignite-fired plants and a majority of the oil- and gas-
fired plants were emitting reactive VOC below the 100-
ton per year level.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Boilers, 'Organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Elec-
tric power plants, Tables(Data), Sites, 'Emission fac-
tors, 'Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB80-200876 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems, User
Guide, Gaseous Emissions Data System. Rept. for
Sep78-Sep79, '
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. J. Larkin. Jan 80,280p EPA/600/8-80-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2699
The report is a user guide to the Gaseous Emissions
Data System (GEDS), a computerized data base on
gaseous emissions from stationary point sources.
GEDS is one of four waste stream data bases which
are components of the Environmental Assessment
Data Systems (EADS). The EADS concept has been
designed to aid researchers in environmental assess-
ment, emissions characterization, and control technol-
ogy development GEDS contains data from source
sampling which may include: design and typical oper-
ating data on control technology applied to the gase-
ous effluent stream; analysis of any fuel or feedstock
to the process producing the effluent stream; results of
chemical, physical, radiological, and biological/eco-
logical tests of gaseous samples; process descriptions
of the sources; and descriptions of the sampling equip-
ment and techniques employed. The GEDS protocol is
consistent with Level 1 and 2 reporting requirements.
The guide gives detailed instructions for encoding
GEDS data sets, defines procedures for submitting
and retrieving data, and contains standard nomencla-
ture to facilitate data encoding. The guide also in-
cludes a program library that describes analytical soft-
ware available to the user and provides instructions for
its use. The guide also discusses procedures which
will allow its users to access GEDS directly by comput-
er or through the EPA project officer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems,
'Manuals, Assessments, Sources, Design, Ecology,
Sampling, Data retrieval, 'Gaseous emissions data
system, GEDS system, Stationary sources, Environ-
mental assessment data systems.
PB80-201007 PC A03/MF A01
An Investigation of the Fuel Economy Effects o'
Tire Related Parameters. Technical rept., ...
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, w-
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn Thompson, and Marty Rememan. May 80, 35p
EPA-AA-SDSB-80-9
A program was conducted on a test track to deterrninf
the fuel consumption effects of radial vs. bias-ply w»*
two radial tires from different manufacturers, and in-
creased tire pressure. The program was designed"'
eliminate ambient effects by running two identical «••*
vehicles simultaneously and alternating the parsmelr'
of interest between the two vehicles. Five different we
types were used (including the original equlprwj"
manufacturer tires from the vehicles). This study owr
onstrated that radial tires were six percent more ww
efficient than bias-ply tires; the radial tires from one
manufacturer were four percent more fuel effloenj
than radial tires from a different manufacturer; ano
radial tires inflated to 28 psig were three percent mow
fuel efficient than radial tires inflated to 20 psig. >"»
program also determined that laboratory rrwaau'*!:
ments of rolling resistance are good predictors of trac"
fuel consumption.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Fuel consumption, RW"
ing contact loads, Rolling friction, Internal pressure
'Radial tires, 'Bias ply tires.
PB80-201049
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrate*
Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant. „, ,
Reclamation and Treatment of Clam Wash Wsier.
New York Sea Grant Inst., Albany. _j
R. R. Zall, L. F. Hood, W. J. Jewell, R. L. Conway, ana
M. S. Switzenbaum. Dec 76, 28p NYSG-RR-80-08,
NOAA-80052803 Cnn(i
Pub. in Proceedings of National Symposium on row-
Processing Wastes (7th), Environmental ProtecTO"
Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-304, 25p Dec 78.
Waste generated from food processing activities l*£
comes troublesome and difficult to handle. The <»9ra
ic material wasted from clam processing sites |
burden on sewage systems. If discharged
treatment, it probably pollutes waters near f
where these types of plants operate. The pi
this project was to assist the clam processing nw» '
in developing methods to create salable Prod,uct8m aht
sewage where the economics of waste handling ""JL,
be turned into a credit rather than debit to the Indus"
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Food processing, Shellfish,
teins, Reclamation, Byproducts, Waste water,
New York, Sea Grant program.
PB80-201346 PC A03/MF AjJ
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., cmoni
OH. .. pa-
A Handbook on Scrap Futures Markets arm
tures Trading. Final rept.,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC. . A\Q
Roger C. Dower, and Robert C. Anderson. Mar 80, « r
EPA-600/9-80-002
Grant EPA-R-804309-01
Market prices for secondary materials are
characterized by a high degree of variability a
tainty. Futures markets may be an effective
nism for stabilizing these prices, and encoa
covery of secondary materials from solid
desirability and feasibility of implementing M****,*
kets for ferrous scrap and wastepaper were 1™"*°$} in
ed and the results presented at a Symposium n» ^
New Orleans, Louisiana on May 14-15, ^'J°-^Sam
book was prepared and distributed to the SymPj^ien-
participants as a basis for the discussions. Tnej »njit*
tials of the handbook and a summary of the eomrrw
by those attending are contained in the report.
Keywords: 'Handbooks, 'Scrap. Metal
papers, Meetings, Supply contracts, Negotiaw"
tracts, Prices, Investments, Sales manager"8"1'
chasing, 'Futures trading, Stock market.
908 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
[JB80-201577 PC A05/MF A01
goustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati.
*w>d Watte a* a Power Plant Fuel In the Ozarks.
2ral "W"
Missouri Univ.-Rolla. Depl. of Mechanical Engineering.
Q» f cfi!Pan- MaV 80- 88P EPA-600/7-80-103
QrantEP&R-804270-010
!„'' nJport discusses the testing program conducted
jjj* chaln-grate stoker boiler with a blended coal and
iRivLw?8te fuel- Tne boller was designed to produce
i^jw Ib/hr of saturated steam at 150 psig. The ob-
SST!0 ?'tne tests was to determine the difference, if
c£jiin ne Performance and the emissions of the boiler
rr'lr'ng wood and coal as compared to firing coal
ten?.8' our dWwent coals with different sulfur con-
o£? *?'* flred with the wood waste. The wood waste
Content was varied up to 2/3 by volume.
-. 'Wood wastes, 'Electric power plants,
i, Chips, Fuels, Coal, Blends, Environmental im-
. Air pollution, Performance tests, 'Boiler fuel,
RenL « ,r®d J>ower Plants, Ozark Mountain
n8flion(Umted States).
PC A03/MF A01
ntal Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
tlo*1,0" 0( Motor Vehicle Emlaalon* Inspec-
I. E»J**l"tw>8nce Programs for Michigan. Volume
CA
'
Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
Bha'ti2d?«on' J. Randall, G. Pan, E. Vodonick, and V.
CorX lt°,ct 79- 3°P EPA-905/2-79-003A
™
.
AnahBinn '?, cooperation with Systems Control, Inc.,
alsovxi ' GA- Environmental Engineering Dlv. See
"° Volume 2, PB80-201817.
of Michigan, pursuant to the Clean Air Act as
uon/M°i /1977)> '8 required to consider an Inspec-
State ?[!!enance (|/M> program for part or all the
*B«i an"88 the 'Ive-county Detroit metropolitan
cabin oi, 8t>is expected to be unable to meet appli-
1Wah»*quallly standards prior to the 1982 deadline.
conftaiiS! eva'uates a range of possible I/M program
list ofart ons to a88l8'in 'he identification of a short
Ban Th«T«P8*'e8 that would be appropriate in Michi-
volu'mo.T Jjndlngs of this study are presented in two
Hong Volume I explores a broad range of I/M op-
Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
ncep, , ement, 'Michigan, Inspection, Mainte-
°te Inspect? con8umPtion' Co8t analysis, 'Motor vehl-
?SSnSllT,B PCA16/MFA01
V. °nrr|ental Protection Agency, Chicago. IL. Region
fJoniS" of Motor Vehicle EmlHlona Inapec-
u "••Wtenanca Programa for Michigan. Volume
CA. flc Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
^. J. Randall, G. Pan, E. Vodonick, and V.
SwfflLiWT).
PB80-201809. Prepared in coop-
tems Control, Inc., Anaheim, CA. Envi-
in, pursuant to the Clean Air Act as
required to consider an Inspec-
«,— becalZL1^ (I/M> Program for part or all the
••.anS? f6 the flve-county Detroit metropolitan
Sjbie air 7? ,'J8 expected to be unable to meet appli-
Jhis «Sd5» 7 standards prior to the 1982 deadline.
iJ/ifigurDilj aluates a range of possible I/M program
*»l of ahoS Ito assist in the identification of a short
Sfcri. Th.rE^*8 that would be appropriate in Michi-
study are presented in two
of
me, s suy are presene n wo
of£,:?lurn« 'I performs a comprehensive evalua-
for a matrix of 24 program
dif
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-202336 PC A02/MF A01
Portable, Hand-Operated Cycle Sieve For Wash-
Ing Macrolnvertebrate Samples. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
William T. Mason, Jr. Jan 76,5p EPA-600/J-76-103
Pub. in The Progressive Fish-Culturist, v38 n1 p30-32
Jan 76.
Methods for speeding the collection and analysis of
macroinvertebrate samples are urgently needed to in-
crease sampling precision and to reduce cost. The
cycle sieve described in the present paper is practical
for most freshwater work from small boats because it
is light and portable, the major components are avail-
able commercially, and the parts are easily assembled.
Because the samples are washed by hand at boatside,
no special fixtures or energy sources are required. The
entire sample is washed at one time, without risk of
losing material, and the sieving effort is standardized.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, 'Washers(Cleaners),
'Invertebrates, Sampling, Accuracy, Cost analysis,
Sieves, Boats, Fisheries, Reprints, Standing crops.
PB80-202344 PC A02/MF A01
Leeches (Annelida: Hlrudlnea) Found In North
American Mollusks. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Donald J. Klemm. 1976,16p EPA-600/J-76-104
Pub. in Jnl. of Malacological Review, v9 p63-76 1976.
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor. Museum of Zoology.
Aquatic leeches are important as parasites and preda-
tors of many groups of animals. Eleven species are re-
ported living in North American snails and clams, 7 of
which are known to behave as parasites, 2 are as-
sumed to be parasitic, and the other 2 are not parasitic.
In this paper these leeches are listed, a key is provided
to the species, their known molluscan hosts are indi-
cated, and aspects of their taxonomy are dicussed.
Keywords: 'Leeches, 'Aquatic animals, Ecology, An-
nelida, Fisheries, Parasites, Mussels, Mollusca, Snails,
Clams, Taxonomy, Distribution(Property), North Amer-
ica, Reprints, Predators.
PB80-2023S1 PC A02/MF A01
Kansas Leeches (Annelida: Hlrudinea) With Notes
on Distribution and Ecology. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Donald J. Klemm, Donald G. Muggins, and Mark J.
Wetzel. 1979,12p EPA-600/J-79-096
Pub. in Technical Publ. State Biological Survey,
Kansas, v8p38-46 1979.
In comparison to the other aquatic macroinvertebrate
groups of Kansas, the leech fauna is an unusually ne-
glected group. This preliminary survey of Kansas
leeches include 20 species, 13 of which are new to this
state.
Keywords: 'Leeches, 'Ecology, Fishes,
Distribution(Property), Surveys, Identifying, Annelida,
Kansas, Reprints.
PB80-202369 PC A02/MF A01
A New Species of Leech, 'Batracobdella crypto-
branchll' n. sp. (Annelida: Hlrudlnea), Parasitic on
the Ozark Hellbender. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl.OH.
Guy M. Johnson, and Donald J. Klemm. 1977,8p EPA-
600/J-77-176
Pub. in Transactions of the American Microscopical
Society, v96 n3 p327-331 Jul 77. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Milwaukee Public Museum, Wl. Dept. of Inver-
tebrate Zoology.
Batracobdella cryptobranchii, parasitic on Ozark Hell-
benders, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, is found In the
North Fork of the White River, Ozark County, In Mis-
souri. B. cryptobranchii reaches a length of 17 mm;
dorsum is smooth; color pattern or metameric mark-
Ings are absent The anus opens dorsally with two pos-
tanal annuli. Caudal sucker is circular, directed ventral-
ty, and is distinct from the body on a very short pedicel.
Keywords: 'Leeches, 'Taxonomy, Annelida, Para-
sites, Fresh water fishes, Invertebrates,
Distribution(Property), Marking, Color, Missouri, Re-
prints, Batracobdella cryptobranchii, Cryptobranchus
alleganiensis, Ozark County(Missouri).
PB80-202377 PC A04/MF A01
Impact of Natural Hydrocarbons on Air Quality,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joseph J. Bufalini. May 80,70p EPA-600/2-80-086
The emissions, reactivities, and ozone-forming poten-
tial of natural hydrocarbons are discussed. A review of
the data available on emission levels for natural hydro-
carbons indicates that much more information is
needed in order to quantify the absolute emission
levels, because emissions data do not agree with am-
bient air measurements. These ambient air measure-
ments suggest that the previous published value of 9 x
10 to the 8th power ton/yr needs to be lowered to 10
to the 6th power - 10 to the 7th power ton/yr. Emis-
sions may be overpredicted by a factor of 15 to 20, as
indicated by back calculations using a simple diffusion
trajectory model. Isoprene, when compared to the
monoterpenes, is much more efficient in producing
ozone through photoxidation in the presence of NOx.
This greater ozone production apparently occurs be-
cause of the large amount of carbon consumed in the
formation of aerosols for the monoterpenes. Since
rural areas have very low levels of NOx, vegetative
emissions may in fact act as sinks for ozone rather
than as sources. All areas investigated show very low
levels of natural hydrocarbons, suggesting that even if
NOx were available, very low levels of ozone would be
produced. Air quality is thus not found to be significant-
ly affected by vegetative emissions.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution, Ozone,
Sources, Smog, 'Air quality, 'Biological processes.
PB80-202385 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Membranes for
Treatment of Electroplating Rlnsewater. Final rept.
1May76-190ct77,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Kenneth J. McNulty, and Peter R. Hoover. May 80,54p
EPA-600/2-80-084
Grant EPA-R-804311
Prepared in cooperation with Abcor, Inc., Wilmington,
MA. Walden Div.
Because of the limited pH range over which current
commercially available reverse osmosis membranes
can be applied, a test program was initiated to define
the applicability of new membrane materials to the
treatment of rinsewaters with extreme pH levels and
high oxidant levels (chromic acid). Life tests were con-
ducted with the PA-300, PBIL, NS-100, NS-200, SPPO,
B-9, and CA membranes on rinsewaters from copper
cyanide, zinc cyanide, acid copper, and chromic acid
plating baths. The PA-300 membrane exhibited superi-
or performance for the treatment of copper cyanide,
zinc cyanide, and chromic acid rinsewaters, and fur-
ther development and demonstration of this mem-
brane is recommended.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Osmosis, Mem-
branes, Tests, pH, Chromic acid, Copper acid, Copper,
Cyanimides, Zinc, Rinsing, Oxidizers, Electroplating,
Reverse osmosis.
PB80-202419 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
Genetic and Cellular Effects of Microwave Radi-
ations. Final rept. 8 May 75-31 Dec 79,
Howard Univ., Washington, DC. Dept. of Botany.
S. K. Dutta. May 80,4Sp EPA-600/1 -80-027
Grant EPA-R-803561
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of determining genetic and cellular effects
from exposure of unicellular organisms to selected fre-
quencies of CW and pulsed microwave radiation which
is prevalent in the biosphere. Several tester strains of
the bacterium Salmonella typimurium, TA-98, TA-100,
TA-1536 and TA-1538; the bacterium Escherichia coli,
W3110 (pol A) and p3438 (pol A-, repair deficient); and
the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, D3, D4 and DS
were tested for lethal and mutagenic events. Effects of
known elevated temperatures were studied to distin-
guish microwave induced temperature effects from the
direct temperature effects. Three kinds of microwave
exposure systems were used in these studies: (1) far-
field antenna (for 2.45 GHz and 8.5 - 9.5 GHz), (2) wa-
veguide (for 8-10 GHz) and (3) TEM (transverse elec-
tric and magnetic mode) transmission lines for 915
MHz radiation. The SAR (specific absorption rate) for
varipus exposures ranged from 0.1 W/kg to 40 W/kg.
Pulse repetition rates were 400 Hz and 1000 Hz for
pulsed microwave radiations. The studies revealed no
increase in mutations or of gene conversions when
cells were exposed to microwave radiations, but yeast
and bacterial strains showed cellular lethality caused
by temperature rises (greater than 10C) at higher
power levels.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, Sacchar-
omyces cerevisiae, Genetics, Cells(Biology), Expo-
sure, Salmonella typimurium, Escherichia coli, Lethal
dosage, Temperature, Mutagenesis.
PB80-202427 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Investigation of the Persistence and Replication
of Nuclear Polyhedrosls Viruses In Vertebrate and
Insect Cell Cultures by the Use of Hybridization
Techniques,
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA.
William Meinke, D. A. Goldstein, Cynthia Alvidrez, John
Spizlzen, and C. B. William. May 80,58p EPA-600/1 -
80-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2209
Prepared in cooperation with IRT Corp., San Diego,
The Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, conducts a coordinaged environmental
health research program in toxicology, epidemiology,
and clinical studies using human volunteer subjects.
These studies address problems in air pollution, non-
ionizing radiation, environmental carcinogenesis, and
the toxicology of pesticides as well as other chemical
pollutants. The Laboratory develops and revises air
quality criteria documents on pollutants for which na-
tional ambient air quality standards exist or are pro-
posed, provides the data for registration of new pesti-
cides or proposed suspension of those already in use,
conducts research on hazardous and toxic materials,
and Is preparing the health basis for non-ionizing radi-
ation standards. The majority of the registered pesti-
cides are chemical agents. A few, however, are biolog-
ical in nature because the active Ingredients are micro-
bial. Of these micro-organisms, viruses are perhaps
the most unique in structure, biology, and the Intimacy
of their parasitic relationship with their hosts. This
report considers whether potential biohazards to
human health and other biological components of the
environment exist when insect viruses are used as
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Hybridization, 'Viruses, Breeding, Genet-
ics, Cell cultures, Vertebrates, Insects, Replicating,
Pesticides, Humans, Polyhedrosis viruses.
PB80-202468 PC A05/MF A01
Department of Energy, Chicago, IL. Chicago Oper-
ations Office.
Health Effects of Fossil-Fuel Combustion Prod-
ucts: Needed Research.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Div. of
Medical Sciences.
1980,81 p*
Contracts DE-AT02-76CH93010, EPA-68-01-3938
This report is intended to assist researchers in provid-
ing Information that would be useful to regulatory
agencies concerned with the protection of workers
and the general public from adverse health effects
arising from the use of fossil fuels. It examines the re-
search needed to expand and clarify our understand-
ing of the products of fossil-fuel combustion, chiefly
that taking place in stationary sources of power.
Keywords: 'Fossil fuels, 'Combustion products, Air
pollution, Research, Epidemiology, Protection, Public
health, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Sulfates, Nitrogen
dioxide, Particles, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons,
Mutagenesis, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air qual-
ity, Monitoring, Environmental health, Photochemical
oxidants.
910 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-202690 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Tunable I
Tunable Diode Laser Stack Monitor for Sulfurlc
Acid Vapor. Final rept. Sep 78-Mar 80,
Laser Analytics, Inc., Bedford, MA.
Edwin F. Pearson, and Arlan W. Mantz. 1979,72p
EPA-600/2-80-174
Contract EPA-68-02-2990
A field prototype instrument for continuous in-situ mon-
rtoring of sulfuric acid vapor in industrial smoke stacks
has been developed. The method of detection is dual
wavelength differential absorption in the infrared. Two
tunable diode lasers are locked to two specific fre-
quencies that provide analytical and background ab-
sorption information. The difference between the ana-
lytical and background absorption yields the net ab-
sorption due to sulfuric acid. Calibration of the monitor
depends upon a precise determination of the differen-
tial absorption coefficient for the analytical and back-
ground frequencies. Measurements made as a part of
this program yield a value of 0.00122/ppm/m and tend
to resolve the discrepancies between previously pub-
lished values. Temperature gradients in the absorption
cells severely influenced previous measurements. The
monitoring system was field tested at a 650 MW elec-
trical generation plant burning high sulfur oil of Ven-
ezuelan origin. The excess air supplied to the boiler
combustion chamber was varied from 0.5 to 1.5 per-
cent. Measured baseline concentration of sulfuric acid
ranged from 3 to 15 ppm. As the excess air was
stepped up from 0.5 to 1.5 percent, the average meas-
ured increase in concentration was 39 ppm. The
system gave consistent results during the brief test
period.
Keywords: "Gas detectors, 'Sulfuric acid, Monitors,
Laboratory equipment, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Flue gases, Infrared lasers, Calibrating, Ab-
sorption, Concentration(Compositlon), Air pollution,
Field tests, *Air pollution detection, 'Tunable lasers.
PB80-202708 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Raman Microprobe Analyst* of Stationary Source
(•articulate Pollutants. Final rept. Aug 77-Jul 79,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
John J. Blaha, Edgar S. Etz, and Kurt F. J. Heinrich.
1979,33p EPA-600/2-80-173
The application of Raman spectroscopy to the molec-
ular characterization of individual particles from sta-
tionary sources is described. The NBS-developed
Raman microprobe has been used to characterize mi-
eroparticles of oil- and coal-fired power plant emis-
sions and boiler samples collected and described by
the Environmental Protection Agency. The samples
were examined on an 'as received' basis and the re-
sults reported do not take into account any sample
modifications that may have occurred during sample
collection. Raman microprobe analyses of a number of
dense agglomerations of largely submicrometer parti-
cles, from a sample collected by the EPA and de-
scribed as coal fly ash, show no Raman spectral fea-
tures to indicate a glassy material when the particles
are first exposed to laser excitation.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Raman spectroscopy,
Particles, Air pollution, Electric power plants, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products. Sampling, Vanadium
oxides, Probes, Comparison, Fly ash, 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB80-202716 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Basic OC/MS (Qas Chromato-
Oraphlc/Mass Spectrometrlc) Computer Analysis
Technique for Pollutant Analysis. Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Bunch, N. P. Castillo, D. Smith, J. T/Bursey, and
E. D. Pellizzari. 1979,207p EPA-600/2-80-171
Contract EPA-68-02-2998
The basic gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric/
computer technique for the analysis of vapor-phase or-
ganic compounds collected on a solid sorbent was
evaluated. Emphasis was pieced on the assessment
of performance and improvement in techniques in the
following areas: (1) wide-bore wall coated columns for
organic vapor-phase analysis; (2) gas chromatogra-
phy/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry/
computer analysis of halogenated/hydrocarbons in
ambient air; (3) the concentration of vapor-phase or-
ganics from the atmosphere on solid sorbents (in situ
reactions); and (4) qualitative and quantitative analysis
of vapor-phase organics utilizing the improved technol-
ogy.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Chemical analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chroma-
tography, Sorbents, Technology, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-202781
PC A05/MF A01
Wool Manufac-
Source Category Survey: Mineral
hiring Industry. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 80,97p EPA-450/3-80-016
This report contains background information which
was used for determining the need for new source per-
formance standards (NSPS) for the mineral wool man-
ufacturing industry in accordance with Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. Air pollution emissions and growth
trends of the mineral wool Industry are examined. Man-
ufacturing processes, control strategies, and state and
local air pollution regulations are discussed. The
impact of a potential NSPS on paniculate and carbon
monoxide emissions is calculated.
Keywords: 'Rock wool, 'Air pollution, Standards, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Industrial wastes, Indus-
tries, 'Mineral wool industry, 'New source perform-
ance standards, Clean Air Act, Stationary sources.
PBSO-202906 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Design Considerations for Minimizing Operation
and Maintenance Problems of Partlculate Control
Equipment
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Mar 80,52p EPA-905/2-80-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
This report addresses various operation and mainte-
nance problems frequently associated with three types
of air pollution control equipment: electrostatic preclpi-
tators, scrubbers, and fabric filters. The report dis-
cusses Instrumentation, materials of construction, and
design considerations In partlculate control equipment
that Improve performance. Such improvements In-
clude reduction or prevention of malfunction, early de-
tection of malfunction, and easier maintenance and
operation of equipment. Because-some problems can
never be completely eliminated, methods of reducing
downtime are also addressed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Design, Maintenance, Electrostatic preclpitators, Air
filters, Dust collectors, Scrubbers, Performance eval-
uation, Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Fabric
filters.
PB80-202997 PC A14/MF A01
Electric Arc Furnaces In Ferrous Foundries -
Background Information for Proposed Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 80,306p EPA-450/3-80-020a
Contract EPA-68-02-3059
Standards of Performance for the control of emissions
from electric arc furnaces In ferrous foundries are
being proposed under the authority of Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act These standards would only apply
during periods of malting and refining in the furnace.
This document contains background Information and
environmental and economic Impact assessments of
the regulatory alternatives considered in developing
proposed standards.
Keywords: "Electric arc furnaces, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Air pollution control, Foundries, Environmental
impacts. Air pollution. Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal. Particles, Economic Impact, Regulations, Per-
formance standards, 'Iron and steel foundry Industry,
Stationary sources, Clean Air Act, Participates.
PB80-203128 PC A19/MF A01
Methods for the Determination of Chemical Con-
taminants In Drinking Water - Participants Hand-
book. Training manual.
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Mar 80,439p* EPA-430/1 -80-006
Supersedes PB-284 392.
This laboratory manual is designed to contain analyti-
cal procedures for all parameters listed in the National
Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NIPDWR). Some procedures may be carried out by
operators or laboratory technicians with little or no ex-
perience (chlorine, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate) while
other parameters require understanding and experi-
ence in using sophisticated analytical equipment
(atomic absorption, gas chromatography). Parameters
included are procedures for sliver, cadmium, chromi-
um, lead, mercury, arsenic, selenium, nitrate, fluoride,
barium, chlorine, turbidity, pesticides, herbicides. It is
written in a step-by-step format.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Manuals,
Instructional materials. Chemical analysis, Education,
Metals, Silver, Codmium, Chromium, Lead(Metal),
Mercury(Metal), Arsenic, Regulations, Laboratory
equipment, Herbicides, Pesticides, Turbidity, Seleni-
um, Inorganic nitrates, Fluorides, Barium, Chlorine,
"Water pollution detection, Drinking water.
PB80-203136 PC A02/MF A01
Passenger Car Hydrocarbon Emissions Specla-
tlon. Final rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Frank Black, and Larry High. May 80,25p EPA-600/2-
80-085
Emission factors for over 60 individual hydrocarbon
compounds were determined for four passenger cars.
The cars included a 1963 Chevrolet, a 1977 Mustang,
and 1978 Monarch, and 1979 LTD II. The speciation
data is reported for both tailpipe and evaporative emis-
sions. The tailpipe emissions were for the urban driving
conditions of the Federal Test Procedure used in
motor vehicle certification. The evaporative emissions
were for both diurnal and hot soak conditions, also pre-
scribed in the Federal Test Procedure for certification.
The vehicle tests Involved four gasoline fuels of vary-
ing composition.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Hydrocarbons, *Alr
pollution. Monitoring, Evaporation,
Concentration(Composition), 'Emission factors,
'Automobile exhaust, Fugitive emissions.
PB80-203144 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Domes-
tic Wastewater; Mesa, Arizona: Irrigation Site.
Rept. for Jan 76-May 78,
Stone (Ralph) and Co., Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
Ralph Stone, and James Rowland. Apr 80,267p EPA-
600/2-80-061
Contract EPA-68-03-2362
This report presents the results of an assessment of
the long-term impacts on crops, soils, and groundwat-
er resulting from irrigation with secondary-treated mu-
nicipal effluent. The concentrations of pathogens, nu-
trients, heavy metals, and salts in soils, groundwater,
and crops Irrigated with secondary-treated wastewater
were compared to the concentrations in soils, ground-
water, and crops irrigated with conventional water sup-
plies. Test and control sites at Mesa, Arizona, were se-
lected as case studies for comparisons.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Sewage disposal, 'Irriga-
tion, 'Farm crops, Waste water, Soils, Ground water,
Environmental impacts, Concentratlon(Compositlon),
Plant pathology, Nutrients, Metals, Inorganic salts, Ly-
slmeters, Leaching, Arizona, 'Land application,
Mesa(Arizona).
PB80-203151 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
December 1983 911
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection
and Maintenance Programs for Indiana. Final rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Donna L Vlasak, Lee A. Coda, Theodore P. Midurski,
Robert O. Phillips, and Nancy K. Roy. Oct 78,296p
GCA-TR-78-45-G(B),EPA-905/2-78-008
Sponsored in part by Indiana State Board of Health, In-
dianapolis.
Data reported for the State of Indiana indicate that cer-
tain National Ambient Air Quality Standards will not be
attained in all areas of the state by 1982, even if all rea-
sonable available control technologies are applied. In
view of this, it is likely that the state will request from
U.S. EPA an extension of the compliance data beyond
1982. In order for this request to be considered, the
state must, among other things, have adopted a firm
schedule for implementing a motor vehicle inspection
and maintenance (I/M) program in the highly urban-
ized nonattainment areas. Currently, the State of Indi-
tation of an I/M program. As part of this initial effort,
several alternative programs have been analyzed from
the standpoint of costs, benefits, and other require-
ments. These analyses, which are reported herein, will
provide the basis for the state to select one specific al-
ternative that will eventually be implemented.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air
pollution, 'Indiana, Inspection, Maintenance, Fuel con-
sumption, Air pollution control, Benefit cost analysis,
'Motor vehicle inspection.
PB80-203193 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Groundwater Quality Monitoring of Western Coal
Strip Mining: Preliminary Designs for Reclaimed
Mine Sources of Pollution,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
Lome G. Everett, and Edward W. Hoylman. Jun 80,
50p GE79TMP-43, EPA-600/7-80-109
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report is the fourth in a series of studies to assess
in the western United States. Presented are prelimi-
nary groundwater monitoring design guidelines for re-
claimed mine areas, including regarded spoils and rec-
lamation aids. The study area for this report is Camp-
bell County, Wyoming, which overlies one of the major
coal fields in the Powder River Basin.
Keywords: "Coal mining, 'Earth fills, 'Water pollution,
'Ground water, Monitoring, Assessments. Environ-
mental impacts, Design, Land reclamation, Spoil, Solid
waste disposal, Strip mining, Observation wells, Septic
tanks, Cost estimates, Power River Basin, Wyoming,
Campbell County(Wyoming).
PB80-203219 PC AOO/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Qroundwater Quality Monitoring of Western Oil
Shale Development: Monitoring Program Develop-
ment,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
Guenton C. Slawson, Jr. May 80,200p GE78TMP-90,
EPA-600/7-80-089
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report presents the development of a preliminary
design of a groundwater quality monitoring program for
oil shale operations, such as proposed for Federal Pro-
totype Lease Tracts U-a and U-b in eastern Utah. A
preliminary decision framework for monitoring design
for this type of oil shale operation is presented. Includ-
ed under the broad topic of the monitoring plan are
recommendations for developing background data
bases on pollutant source characteristics, the hydro-
geologic framework of the study area, existing water
quality, and infiltration, as well as recommendations for
monitoring pollutant quality, and infiltration, as well as
recommendations for monitoring pollutant mobility.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Oil shale, 'Water pollu-
tion. Ranking, Sources, Assessments, Monitoring,
Design, Hydrogeology, Water quality. Fluid infiltration,
Motion, Recommendations, Utah, National govern-
ment, Regulations, Path of pollutants, Baseline stud-
ies.
PB80-203227 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Copper Smelter Fugitive Emissions.
Final rept. Mar 76-Oct 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Timothy W. Devitt. May 80,115p EPA-600/2-80-079
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
This report deals with fugitive emissions from copper
smelting and with related emission control measures.
The study involved evaluation of the controls now
used in the copper smelting industry and development
of suggestions for alternative control devices and
practices. A brief overview of copper smelting process-
es is followed by a more detailed analysis of the con-
ventional processes identifying portions of the operat-
ing cycle that produce fugitive emissions. Emphasis is
placed on Pierce-Smith Converting which is one of the
major emission sources in copper smelting. Some al-
ternate processes now in limited use In the U.S. are
described including estimations of fugitive emissions
from these conventional and alternative copper smelt-
ing processes. A specific report on the utilization of the
Hoboken Converter is being prepared at the time of
this report. The USEPA should be contacted if a copy
of this report is desired.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Smeltering, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Substitutes, Design,
Performance evaluation, 'Copper smelters, 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Hoboken converters.
PB80-203359 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of the St. Louie RAMS (Regional Air Mon-
itoring System) Ambient Paniculate Data. Volume
I: Final Report,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Trijonis, John Eldon, John Gins, and George
Berglund. Feb 80,142p EPA-450/4-80-006A
See also Volume 2, P880-203367.
In this report, a variety of data analysis methods are
used to study the 1976 paniculate data from the Re-
gional Air Monitoring System (RAMS) in St. Louis. The
aerosol data, collected at ten sites, include hi-vol
measurements of total suspended participate mass
(TSP), as well as dichotomous sampler measurements
of inhalable particulate mass (IP). IP is subdivided into
fine particles (less than 2.4 micrometers In diameter)
and coarse particles (between 2.4 and 20 micrometers
in diameter). This study also includes dichotomous
sampler data for eight trace elements (S, Si, Al, Ca, Pb,
V, Ti, and Fe) and data for 11 meteorological param-
eters. The analyses characterize the spatial pattern of
particulate matter in-and-near St. Louis; background
aerosol concentrations and particulate transport; tem-
poral patterns of particulate concentrations, the de-
pendence of aerosol concentrations on meteorology;
and the relationship between hi-vol data and dichoto-
mous data. Averaged over the RAMS network, IP
mass consists of 50% fine particles and 50% coarse
particles. Sulfates, secondary aerosols occurring on a
large (air basin and synoptic) scale, constitute 53% of
fine mass and 29% of IP. Crustal material, mostly con-
sisting of manmade fugitive dust, comprises 83% of
coarse mass and 47% of IP. That sulfate is the major
source of fine mass and that crustal material domi-
nates coarse mass are the two major themes apparent
in the spatial, temporal, and meteorological patterns of
the dichotomous data.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Aerosols, Fines,
Trace elements, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Sulfur, Aluminum, Calcium, Lead(Metal), Silane,
Iron, Vanadium, Titanium, Missouri, Regional air moni-
toring systems, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB80-203367 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of the St. Louis RAMS (Regional Air Mon-
itoring System) Ambient Particulate Data. Volume
II: Technical Appendices,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Trijonis, John Eldon, John Gins, and George
Berglund. Feb 80,115p EPA-450/4-80-006B
See also Volume 1, PB80-203359.
Contents:
1976 annual and monthly statistics for particulate
and meteorological data;
Maps of particulate elemental concentrations;
Tables relating particulate element concentrations
to site characteristics;
Tables of interstation correlations;
Methodology for the regional upwind/downwind
analysis;
Detailed data on hebdomadal and diurnal patterns
at sites 103 and 105, organized quarterly and
annually;
Weekend-weekday differences of twelve
particulate parameters at the ten RAMS sites;
Decision-trees relating fine and IP to elemental
concentrations;
Decision-trees relating TSP, IP, fine, coarse, and
eight elemental concentrations to
meteorological variables;
Decision-trees relating IP/TSP ratio to elemental
concentrations and meteorology.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Sites, Fines,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Trace ele-
ments, Sulfur, Silane, Aluminum, Calcium,
Lead(Metal), Vanadium, Titanium, Iron, Missouri, Re-
gional air monitoring systems, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB80-203425 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Science Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
Impact of a Primary Sulfate Emission Source on
Air Quality. Final rept.,
York Research Corp., Stamford, CT.
K. R. Boldt, C. P. Chang, E. J. Kaplin, J. M. Stansfieid,
and B. R. Wuebber. May 80,218p EPA-600/2-80-109
Contract EPA-68-02-2965
A one-month study was carried out at an isolated oil-
fired power plant in New York State to assess the
impact of primary sulfate emissions on air quality.
Emissions of total sulfate from the source varied from
22 kg/hr 19 82 kg/hr per boiler with the sulfuric acid
concentration averaging 74% of the total sulfate. Par-
ticulate emissions ranged from 12 kg/hr to 70 kg/hr
per boiler with between 32% and 67% of the particle
mass as water soluble sulfate. Vanadium was implicat-
ed as the driving force in the magnitude of the primary
sulfate emissions. Measurements taken 5 km down-
wind of the plant indicated a source sulfate contribu-
tion of from 30% to 60% of the 24 hr average ambient
levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfates, 'Electric power
plants, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Particles, Sources, New York, 'Air quality.
PB80-203557 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Water Treatment Project: Observations on Uee of
QAC In Practice. Final rept. 23 Feb 79-31 Aug 79,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Tom D. Reynolds, and Scott J. Hawkins. May 80,34p
EPA-600/1-80-023
Grant EPA-C-2557-NAEX
The objectives of this project were: (1) to determine If
granular activated carbon (QAC) adsorption beds ap-
plied in water treatment practice slough-off organic
materials during the spring warm-up and (2) to evalu-
ate the feasibility of the dilute or low-level COD proce-
dure for the control of GAC beds in water treatment
applications. Nine water treatment plants were studied
for a period of five months during the spring of 1979.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, Feasibility, Spring season, Biochemical oxyc
demand, Organic compounds, Temperature, Stati
cal analysis, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB80-203565 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Enforceablllty Aspects of RACT for Factory Sur-
face Coating of Flat Wood Paneling. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Catherine E. Jarvis, Cathie L. Gardinier, and Thomas
C. Ponder, Jr. Apr 80,68p EPA-340/1 -80-005
Contract EPA-68-01-4747
Revised State Implementation Plans must include con-
trols for emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOC's) from factory surface coating of flat wood pan-
eling. This report identifies 57 coalers to which the
912 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
VOC regulations apply. Methods currently used to con-
trol VOC emissions are: use of water-based coatings,
use of ultraviolet-curable and electron-beam curable
coatings, and incineration. Use of water-based coat-
ings, the most widely applied method, is significantly
reducing VOC emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Wood products, Coating processes, Industrial
plants, Particles, Regulations, Standards, 'Wood fin-
ishing industry, Particulates, Wood paneling, Volatile
organic compounds, Implementation air pollution plan-
ning, Reasonably available control technology.
PB80-203615 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Evaluation of the Impact of Landfill Leachata on
Ground-Water Quality at the Lexington County,
South Carolina Landfill Site,
South Carolina State Dept. of Health and Environmen-
tal Control, Columbia. Hydrology Div.
Joseph O. Lewis, and D. A. Duncan. Apr 80,156p
EPA-904/9-80-050
Contract EPA-68-01 -3959
The report describes efforts made to monitor the
(eachate impact on the groundwater at the Lexington
County, South Carolina Landfill. The geology and hy-
arogeology of the region, as well as the landfill in par-
ticular, are discussed in detail to help determine the
movement of groundwater near the landfill. The pur-
Pose of the report was to isolate the groundwater ef-
fects of a nearby abandoned site, Cayce Dump. Four-
teen strattgraphic test holes, six monitoring wells, and
three existing wells were used for groundwater moni-
toring.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Earth fills, 'Water pollu-
tion, Monitoring, Leaching, Hydrogeology, Water wells,
Aquifers, Percolation, South Carolina, Lexington
County(South Carolina).
PB80-203623 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Evaluation of Ammonia 'Fixation' Components In
Actual Refinery Sour Waters. Final rept. Mar 76-
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, DC.
May 80,124p API-PUB-954, EPA-600/2-80-081
Grant EPA-R-804364010
Prepared in cooperation with SRI International, Menlo
Park, CA.
High ammonia concentrations (fixed ammonia) in
stripped sour waters from petroleum refining are
caused by weak organic acids and both weak and
strong sulfur acids. The sulfur acids result from oxida-
tion of sulfldes present in sour water. Fixed ammonia
can be eliminated by adding its molar equivalent of
caustic to the top of the stripping column. Caustic addi-
tion does not interfere with sulfide removal. Recom-
mended techniques for measuring cyanide and sulfide
concentrations in sour waters are inadequate. Ammo-
nia concentration may be overestimated when the rec-
ommended procedure is used because ammonia can
be generated from organic nitrogen compounds which
are present in refinery sour waters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Ammonia, 'Re-
fineries, *Stripplng(Dlstillation), 'Water analysis, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Chemical analysis, Alkaline earth compounds,
Sulfur inorganic compounds, Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Metals, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Separation, Cyanides, Hydrogen sulfide,
Water pollution detection, Heavy metals.
f B80-203771 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Upgrading Primary Tanke with Rotating Biological
Contacton. Final rept Sep 76-Aug 79,
Bpgert (Clinton) Associates, Fort Lee, NJ.
Alonso Gutierrez, Ivan L Bogert, O. Karl Scheible, and
Thomas J. Mulligan. Mar 60,218p EPA-600/2-80-003
Grant EPA-R-804854
Prepared in cooperation with Hydro-science Associ-
ates, Inc., Westwood, NJ.
A one-year experimental program was conducted at
Edgewater, New Jersey, to evaluate the concept of up-
grading existing primary wastewater treatment plants
to secondary treatment by the installation of rotating
biological contactors (RBC's) In the primary sedimen-
tation tanks. The basic concept was to horizontally
divide a primary sedimentation tank into two zones by
installing an intermediate floor at mid-depth. Four
RBC's were placed in the upper zone above the inter-
mediate floor. This zone provided separate biological
contact and treatment of the incoming wastes, while
the lower zone functioned as a secondary sedimenta-
tion zone. Such a configuration would minimize the
need for additional tankage and clarifiers, and would
be especially suited to plants with limited space.
Keywords: 'Upgrading, 'Sewage treatment, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Clarification, Benefit cost analy-
sis, Mathematical models, Oxygen, Iron chlorides,
New Jersey, Rotation disc process, Edgewater(New
Jersey).
PB80-204068 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effects ot Sludge Irrigation on Three Pacific
Northwest Forest Soils,
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO, WA.
David D. Wooldridge, and John D. Stednick. Mar 80,
188p EPA-600/2-80-002
Grant EPA-R-802172
A sprinkler irrigation system developed for uniform ap-
plications of anerobically digested, municipal-industrial
sewage sludge initially applied up to 5.8 mt/ha/wk.
Reduced infiltration of sludge occurred due to phys-
ically blocking of soil pores, causing ponding of sludge
in the micro-depressions. Sludge loading rates were
decreased to 10,20,30 and 40 mt/ha/yr. The renovat-
ing capacity of forest soils for most suspended and dis-
solved constituents in sludge was very good (95 to
99+%). Optimum loading rates of 20 to 30 mt/ha/hr.
of sludge show trends to increased surface soil total N,
organic material and cation exchange capacity. Analy-
ses for virus at all depths in the son and from the soil
solution at corresponding depths were negative, nor
were human pathogens of the bacteria type isolated
from the limited numbers of soils and soil solutions
analyzed.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sprinkler irrigation,
'Forest land, Soil properties, Nitrogen, Leaching, Ions,
Ground water, Phosphorus, Viruses, Nitrification, Bac-
teria, Growth, Forest trees. Soil chemistry, Pacific
Northwestern Region(United States), Land applica-
tion.
PB80-204233 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Generation and Attenuation of Leachate from Flu-
idlzed-Bed Combustion Solid Wastes: First Year
Progress Report. Annual rept. Aug 78-Nov 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. W. Grimshaw, D. N. Gamer, W. F. Holland, A. G.
Lamkin, and W. M. Little. May 80,323p EPA-600/7-80-
095
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
The report gives results of a study of the environmen-
tal effects of Improperly disposing of fluidized-bed
combustion (FBC) residues. It includes: an analysis of
representative FBC residues and their interaction with
natural environmental media; and development of a
method of ensuring environmental protection from the
impacts of FBC wastes on a case-by-case basis. Resi-
dues from pressurized FBC and their interaction with
six representative disposal media were studied. It
gives detailed results of laboratory and field studies of
leachate generation and attenuation for Ca, B, and
SO4. More cursory examination of these parameters
and 17 others was conducted by comparing volume-
weighted averages of leachate concentrations with pri-
mary and secondary drinking water standards, Multi-
media Environmental Goals (MEGs), and Quality Crite-
ria for Water (QCW).
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Solid waste disposal, Leaching, Environmental
impacts, Potable water, Residues, Physical properties,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Field tests, Comparison,
Forecasting, Standards, Water quality.
PB80-204241 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility: Advanced Pro-
gram - Final Report (October 1974-June 1978),
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
D. A. Burbank, and S. C. Wang. May 80,385p EPA-
600/7-80-115
Contract EPA-68-02-1814
See also PB-245 279.
The report summarizes results of advanced testing
(from October 1974 through June 1978) of 30,000-
35,000 acfm (10 MW equivalent) lime/limestone wet
scrubbers for SO2 and paniculate removal at TVA's
Shawnee power station. Reliable scrubber and mist
eliminator operations were demonstrated. It Is shown
that the mist eliminator is much easier to keep clean
when the scrubber is operated under conditions giving
high alkali utilization. Mathematical models were de-
veloped for predicting SO2 removal in limestone, lime,
and magnesium-enhanced lime/limestone scrubbers.
Forced oxidation with two scrubber loops was devel-
oped on the venturi/spray tower system with lime-
stone, lime, and limestone/MgO slurry. Bleed stream
oxidation was successful only with limestone/MgO
slurry. Forced oxidation with a single scrubber loop
was developed on the TCA system with limestone
slurry. Other test blocks included limestone type and
grind, automatic limestone feed control, Cellcote egg-
crate packing in the TCA, and flue gas emission char-
acterization.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Scrub-
bers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Particles, 'Electric power
plants, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Mathematical models, Flue
gases, Magnesium oxides, Performance evaluation,
Fly ash, Design, Tests, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Mag-
nesium oxide scrubbing, Wet methods, Turbulent con-
tact absorbers, Mist eliminators, Solid wastes, Alkali
scrubbing.
PB80-204373 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants. Volume I: Introduction and Technical
Background, Metals and Inorganics, Pesticides
and PCBs. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Michael A. Callahan, Michael W. SlimaK, Norman W.
Gabel, Ira P. May, and Charles F. Fowler. Dec 79,
487p* EPA-440/4-79-029A
Contract EPA-68-01-3852
Sponsored in part by Grant EPA-68-01-3867. Prepared
in cooperation with SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
See also Volume 2, PB80-204381.
This report is a literature search and summary of rele-
vant data for the individual fate processes (hydrolysis,
biodegradation, photolysis, etc.) which might be ex-
pected to occur if a pollutant were introduced into an
aquatic system. The report is organized into 101 indi-
vidual chapters for pollutants or small groups of pollut-
ants, and four introductory chapters. Each chapter has
its own references so the chapters can be used inde-
pendently. The approach taken by this report is to
summarize data on the individual processes which
might be important in describing the transport and fate
of pollutants introduced at low concentrations (e.g.,
ppm or less) into aquatic environments. If transport
processes will result in significant pollutant transfer to
another medium (e.g., air, sediments), data are includ-
ed where available to describe what happens to the
pollutant in the medium to which the pollutant was
transferred. A list of the literature covered in the
search is included. Results of the literature search are
that a significant amount of information on most pollut-
ants was found, but that the information was more
useful in making qualitative judgements about the pol-
lutant transport and fate than for making quantitative
predictions of concentrations in the environment
Availability of rate constants useful in mathematical
fate models was limited.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Transport properties,
Conoentration(Composition), Metals, Inorganic com-
pounds, Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds,
•Path of pollutants, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
December 1983 913
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-204381 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants. Volume II: Halogenated Aliphatic Hy-
drocarbons, Halogenated Ethers, Monocyclic Aro-
matlcs, Phthalate Esters, Polycycllc Aromatic Hy-
drocarbons, Nltrosamlnes, and Miscellaneous
Compounds. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Michael A. Cailahan, Michael W. Slimak, Norman W.
Gabel, Ira P. May, and Charles F. Fowler. Dec 79,
673p* EPA-440/4-79-029B
Contract EPA-68-01-3852
See also Volume 1, PB80-204373. Sponsored in part
by Grant EPA-68-01-3867. Prepared in cooperation
with SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
This report is a literature search and summary of rele-
vant data for the individual fate processes (hydrolysis,
biodegradation, photolysis, etc.) which might be ex-
pected to occur if a pollutant were introduced into an
aquatic system. The report is organized into 101 indi-
vidual chapters for pollutants or small groups of pollut-
ants, and four introductory chapters. Each chapter has
its own references so the chapters can be used inde-
pendently.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Ethers, Aromatic compounds, Phthalates,
Esters, Nitroso compounds, Amines, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Concentration(Composition),
Transport properties, *Path of pollutants.
PB80-204696 PC A02/MF A01
The Influence of Sieve Mesh Size Selectivity on
Benthlc Invertebrate Indices of Eutrophlcatlon.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
William T. Mason, Jr., Philip A. Lewis, and Patrick L.
Hudson. Oct 75,15p EPA-600/J-75-003
Pub. in Verh. International Verein. Limnology, v19
p1550-1561 Oct 75. Prepared in cooperation with
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin,
Bethesda, MD., and Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, DC.
The selective retention of benthic invertebrates by
sieves of various mesh sizes was demonstrated by
Jonasson (1955, 1958) who reported that decreasing
the mesh opening from 0,62 to 0,51 mm (effective de-
crease on one-third mesh opening area) resulted in
samples with an average of 47% more Tanypus chir-
onomid larvae. Sieve mesh size was also found to be
highly selective toward oligochaetes of particular size
ranges. Studies supported Jonasson's findings that
the head capsule width of chironomid larvae governed
their retention.
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Invertebrates, 'Samplers,
'Water pollution, Sieves, Aquatic biology, Worms,
Benthos, Larvae, Diptera, Indicator species, Reprints,
Eutrophication.
PB80-204712 PC A02/MF A01
A Review of the Leeches (Annellda:Hlrudlnea) In
the Great Lakes Region. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Donald J. Klemm. 1977,24p EPA-600/J-77-173
Pub. in Michigan Academician, v9 n4 p397-4181977.
The leeches of the Great Lakes region compose a sig-
nificant part of the North American freshwater fauna in
numbers of species (43 taxa) and are considered bio-
logically important as parasites and predators. This
report presents the taxonomy and identification of
these for the Great Lakes Region.
Keywords: 'Leeches, 'Taxonomy, 'Great Lakes
Region, Reviews, Annelida, Invertebrates, Fresh
water, Parasites, Distribution, Reprints.
PB80-204720 PC A14/MF A01
Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Nutrients. Student
reference manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Audrey Donahue Kroner. Jun 76,312p EPA-430/1-76-
006
Supersedes PB-261 290.
A manual is provided for students in a chemistry
course designed for the treatment plant operator or
technician who is required to monitor effluent dis-
charges under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System permit, and who has had little or no previ-
ous experience in wastewater analysis. The proce-
dures are for phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand,
Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite as Ni-
trogen, oil and grease. Also given are procedures for
related basic skills, such as using a spectrophotometer
and preparing calibration graphs.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Manuals, 'Monitoring,
'Nutrients, Chemical analysis, Phosphorus, Spectro-
photometers, Laboratory equipment, Ammonia, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Nitrates, Oils, Greases, Calibrating, Ni-
trogen, Tables(Data), 'Water pollution detection,
Chemical oxygen demand, Procedures, Kjeldahl
method, Selective ion electrodes.
PB80-204746 PC A04/MF A01
Report to Congress - Industrial Cost Recovery.
Supplemental Analysis and Recommendations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
May 80,61p
See also PB-292 171.
This document presents the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's (EPA) supplemental report to the
Congress on its Industrial Cost Recovery (ICR) Study
as directed by the Congress in Section 75 of Public
Law 95-217, the Clean Water Act of 1977. It presents
evidence concerning the relative efficiencies of the
ICR systems of various grantees, and the construction
and operational burdens imposed on grantees by in-
dustrial users. It also transmits specific recommenda-
tions to the Congress for improving the efficiency of
the ICR program.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Grants, Financing, Cost analysis, Legislation,
Government policies, National government, Recom-
mendations, Sewage treatment plants, Clean Water
Act of 1977, Water pollution control.
PB80-204936 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technology Assessment Report for Industrial
Boiler Applications: Oil Cleaning. Final rept. Jun 78-
Sep 79,
Catalytic, Inc., Charlotte, NC.
E. A. Comley, R. T. Keen, and M. F. Tyndall. Nov 79,
274p*EPA-600/7-79-178B
Contract EPA-68-02-2604
See also report dated Aug 79, PB80-150881.
This study assesses the applicability of oil cleaning
technology to industrial boilers and is one of a series of
technology assessment reports to aid in determining
the technological basis for a New Source Performance
Standard for Industrial Boilers. The status of develop-
ment and performance of alternative oil cleaning tech-
niques were assessed and the cost, energy, and envi-
ronmental impacts of the most promising processes
were identified.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, *Desulfurization,
Boilers, Residual oils, Distillates, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Particles, Environmental impacts, Clean-
ing, Technology assessment, Cost analysis, 'Boiler
fuel, Low sulfur fuels, New source performance stand-
ards. Industrial sector, Particulates, Emission factors,
Energy consumption.
PB80-205198 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Portable Device to Collect Sul-
furlc Acid Aerosol. Final rept. Sep 76-Sep 78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Herbert C. Miller, David W. Mason, and William J.
Barrett. May 80,100p EPA-600/2-80-087
Contract EPA-68-02-2468
See also report dated Feb 77, PB-264 257.
A quantitative, interference-free method for collecting
sulfuric acid aerosol on a filter was developed and field
tested. Since previous research found that severe
losses of sulfuric aicd were caused by ammonia, ambi-
ent paniculate material, and other interferents, a
method was needed that converts sulfuric acid to a
stable derivative for subsequent analysis. Methods
evaluated for direct fixation of sulfuric acid aerosol
were not found to be selective. Therefore, a sampling
method was investigated that uses a combination of
selective volatilization of the sulfuric acid, prefiltration
of particulate interferents, and derivatization of the va-
porized acid on an alkali-impregnated filter. Research
on the volatilization, prefiltration, and derivatization
technique, and the development and field evaluation
of a prototype sampler based on this technique are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Chemical analysis, 'Aero-
sols, 'Filters, Portable equipment, Field tests, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Particles, Sam-
pling, Flame photometry, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Exhaust emission. Electric power plants,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-205255 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Four Leachate-Generatlon Proce-
dures for Solid Waste Characterization In Environ-
mental Assessment Programs. Final rept. May 79-
Jan 80,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Daniel E. Bause, and Kenneth T. McGregor. May 80,
107pEPA-600/7-80-118
Contract EPA-68-02-3129
The report gives results of an evaluation of four leach-
ate-generating procedures in terms of their general ap-
plicability, reproducibility, compatibility with environ-
mental assessment methods, and leaching character-
istics. The generated leachates were analyzed for nine
metals by atomic absorption, and for F(-), Cl(-), and
SO4(») by ion chromatography. Seven energy process
wastes (oil shale, FBC waste, two flyashes, boiler slag,
scrubber sludge, and hopper ash) were extracted to
evaluate the general applicability of the leachate tests.
The ASTM methods had the best reproducibility, and
the EP method, the poorest. The EP and CAE proce-
dures leached the largest quantities of trace metals
from the wastes. However, based on the total metal
concentraion in the sample, the leachate methods
generally extracted < 1 %. The EP and ASTM-B meth-
ods caused some problems with flameless AA analy-
ses. Based on the RCRA criteria, five of the energy
wastes would be classified as hazardous by at least
one leachate procedure. Se usually exceeded the
threshold value for the leachate. Based on this study,
the ASTM-A and CAE procedures are preferred for
leachate generation. Regardless of the leachate-gen-
erating method selected for waste characterization,
the experimental procedure must be defined more pre-
cisely with respect to preparation, preservation, and
other aspects.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Leaching, Assess-
ments, Industrial wastes, Environmental impacts,
Earth fills, Extraction, Sites, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis.
PB80-20S297 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
The Effects of Environmental Regulations on
Cement Production and Expansion In EPA Region
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael Szabo, Vijay Patel, and Richard Gerstle. Jun
79,112p EPA-905/5-79-001
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
The report presents the results of a study to evaluate
the effect of environmental regulations on present pro-
duction and future expansion capabilities of the 24
active cement plants in U.S. EPA Region V. This study
was done in response to allegations that environmen-
tal regulations are a significant factor in the present
Midwest cement shortage. The results of a survey of
these 24 plants show that environmental regulations
are not significantly affecting overall cement produc-
tion in Region V. However, retirement of 13 percent of
present cement capacity in Region V without replace-
ment, from 1975 to 1978, has probably aggravated the
shortage situation. Environmental regulations are ap-
parently a major factor in the reluctance of cement
companies to expand capacities. This situation may
change in the near future as rising cement prices im-
prove the return on investment from plant expansion,
and as acquisitions of smaller cement companies by
914 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
larger corporations increase the financial capability to
expand.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Production, 'Cements,
Supply(Economics), Economic impact, Return on in-
vestment, Industrial plants, Shortages, Fixed invest-
ment, Prices, Cost analysis, Production capacity, 'En-
vironmental protection, 'Great Lakes Region(United
States), Industrial development.
PB80-205594 PC A02/MF A01
first Florida Record of Taphromysis loulslanae'
(Crustacea: Mysldacea). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. L Hamaker, and E. Matthews. 25 Apr 80,4p EPA-
600/J-79-101, CONTRIB-393
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v3 n2 p112-113 Dec
79,
First sighting of the mysid shrimp Taphromysis loui-
sianae Banner, 1953, Is reported ffom Milton, Florida in
November 1978 and January 1979 in the Blackwater
River estuary. The known range of this species is ex-
tended approximately 550 km eastward.
Keywords: 'Shrimps, 'Blackwater River Estuary, Sam-
pling, Animal migrations. Depth, Identifying, Abun-
dance, Salinity, Florida, Reprints. 'Taphromysis loui-
sianae, Milton(Florida).
PB80-205636 Not available NTIS
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
of Dust Collected Using a Vertical Elutrlator
Cotton Oust Sampler. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
n. E. Fornes, R. D. Gilbert, S. P. Hersh, and T. G.
Dzubay. 1980,10pEPA-600/J-80-028
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. School of Textiles.
Pub. in Textile Research Journal, v50 n5 D297-304
May 80.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has been used
to analyze trace element concentrations in cotton
ousts collected on verticle elutriator filter media.
Twenty-three samples collected from ten bales of
cotton processed in a model card room have been
analyzed. The major elements in the dust detected by
the XRF technique are Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe,
wi, Zn and Ba. The XRF method has been shown to
Owe reproducible results and may be used to show dif-
ferences between airborne dusts in a card room. Simi-
"ar analyses are reported of cotton dusts collected on
areal sample.
Keywords: 'Dust, 'Cotton fibers, 'Chemical analysis,
* ray fluorescence, X ray analysis, Air pollution,
^pncentration(Composition), Sampling, Aluminum,
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorides, Potassium, Manga-
nese, Silicon, Calcium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Barium, Re-
Prints, 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-205768 PC A05/MF A01
Above Ground Gamma Ray Logging of Edgemont,
South Dakota and Vicinity. Technical note (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Jack E. Thrall, Joseph M. Hans, Jr., and Vonni
Kallemeyn. Feb 80,80p ORP/LV-80-2
Prepared in cooperation with South Dakota Dept. of
Water and Natural Resources, Pierre, SD.
]J]!s report summarizes the results of the 1971-72 and
1978 surveys to locate suspected tailings use areas. It
also presents and discusses other gamma measure-
ments made in and around Edgemont.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, Tailings, Uranium,
solid waste disposal, Environmental surveys, South
Dakota, Tables(Data), *Edgemont(South Dakota).
PB80-205792 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Air Pollution Studies Near a Coal-Fired Power
Plant Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study. Final
[apt. Jul 75-Jul 78,
Wisconsin Untv.-Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
peerin-
. ji W. Ragland, Bradley D. Goodell, and Terry L.
Coughlin. May 80,117p EPA-600/3-80-048
grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
Concentrations of dry deposition of sulfur dioxide were
investigated near a new 540-MW coal-fired generating
station located in a rural area 25 miles north of Madi-
son, Wisconsin. Monitoring data for 2 yr before the
start-up in July 1975 and for the year 1976 were used
to assess the impact of the plume and to investigate
the hourly performance of the Gaussian plume model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electric power plants,
'Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur oxides, Deposition, Atmospheric
diffusion, Dispersions, Monitoring, Wisconsin, Comput-
er programs, 'Dry deposition, 'Coal fired power plants,
Plumes, GAUSPLM computer program, Gaussian
plume models.
PB80-205800 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Sorbents for Industrial Sludge
Leachate Treatment. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep 79,
New Jersey Inst. of Tech., Newark.
Paul C. Chan, John W. Liskowitz, Angelo Perna, and
Richard Trattner. Jun 80,59p EPA-600/2-80-052
Grant EPA-R-803717-02
A laboratory and outdoor pilot-scale investigation was
conducted on the use of selected sorbents for remov-
ing leachate contaminants from three industrial
sludges. The laboratory results indicated that, rather
than a single sorbent, a combination of acidic and
basic sorbents is required in a layered system for re-
moval of all the measurable contaminants from the
leachates. These combinations are illite, vermiculite,
and a natural zeolite for the acidic leachate; illite,
acidic fly ash for the neutral leachate; and illite, kaolin-
ite, and a natural zeolite for the alkaline leachate. The
sorbent capacities exhibited by the natural sorbents
are comparable to those exhibited by refined sorbents.
The outdoor pilot study, which was limited to the treat-
ment of the calcium fluoride sludge leachate, using ly-
simeters, some 80 times larger than the laboratory Tysi-
meters, revealed that the sorbent effectiveness de-
pends on the velocity of the leachate through the sor-
bents and the sorbent removal capacity for specific
contaminants. Except for magnesium, effective reduc-
tions of the measurable leachate constituents were
achieved with the use of illite, acidic fly ash, and a zeo-
lite in the weight ratio of 2:2:1. Sorbent costs have
been estimated for various combinations required for
treating leachate from calcium fluoride sludge over a
ten-year period of landfill operation. For the illite/acidic
fly ash/zeolite combination and the illite/acidic fly
ash/basic fly ash combination, costs are $1.37 and
$0.45 per ton of sludge, respectively.
Keywords: 'Sorbents, 'Sludge disposal, Leaching,
Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, industrial wastes,
Performance evaluation, Ion exchange resins, Fly ash,
Illite, Vermiculite, Kaolinite, Design, Calcium fluorides.
PB80-205826 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Full-Scale Sugar Beet Transport
Water Solids Dewaterlng System. Final rept. Sep
76-OC178,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
M. F. Figueroa. F. A. Brunner, f. S. Williams, and J. C.
Buzzell, Jr. May 80,124p EPA-600/2-80-089
Contract EPA-68-01 -3289
The objectives of this study were to evaluate a full-
scale vacuum filtration system for dewatering solids re-
moved from the transport water in an operating beet
sugar plant in terms of operational reliability and effi-
ciency, economics, and ultimate disposal of the dewa-
tered solids. At the plant study site the solids in the
beet transport water are removed in a clarifier and
piped to the Mud House. Waste lime mud'from the
sugar processing Is added to the clarifier underflow to
serve as a filter aid. The combined sludge is dewatered
on two vacuum filters. The filter cake is pumped to a
storage lagoon adjacent to the Mud House.
Keywords: 'Sugar beets, 'Sludge disposal, 'Vacuum
filtration, Sludge drying, Dewatering, Sedimentation,
Clarification, Lagoons(Ponds), Odors, Odor detection,
North Dakota.
PB80-205834 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Algal Bloassays with Leachates and Distillates
from Western Coal,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Biology.
David Z. Gerhart, Joseph E. Richter, Sidney J. Curran,
and Thomas E. Robertson. May 80,79p EPA-600/3-
80-051
Grant EPA-R-803932
The objective of this research was to assess the ef-
fects on freshwater algae of materials derived from
coal storage piles. Coat leachates and distillates were
prepared in the laboratory from low-sulfur Montana
coal. Three types of algal bioassays were conducted:
(1) A laboratory stream facility was constructed which
supported periphyton communities of 50-80 species
growing on artificial substrates. These communities
generally showed stimulation of growth and some spe-
cies composition changes in response to coal lea-
chates. Coal distillates inhibited growth. Periphyton ex-
posed to distillates accumulated aliphatic hydrocar-
bons. (2) Short-term laboratory bottle tests with test
species of algae generally showed growth inhibition in
response to leachates and distillates. When distillates
were bubbled to remove volatile organic compounds,
growth stimulation was observed. (3) Three in-situ ex-
periments in a small lake were conducted with coal
distillates. Increases in algal biomass and bacterial
populations in distillate-treated enclosures were ob-
served in each of these tests.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Toxicology, Leaching, Algae, Bio-
assay, Distillates, Assessments, Fresh water biology,
Lake Superior, Vaporizing, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), 'Toxic substances.
PB80-205842 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. '
Choosing Offshore Pipeline Routes: Problems
and Solutions. Final rept.,
New England River Basins Commission, Boston, MA.
Ann M. Gowen, M. J. Goetz, and I. M. Waitsman. May
80,107p* EPA-600/7-80-114
The report discusses the environmental and fisheries
problems associated with offshore pipelines. The
report focuses on how these problems can be ad-
dressed during the pipeline planning and route selec-
tion process. Geologic hazards are highlighted as the
major factors related to pipeline failure which can be
addressed through the pipeline routing process. Habi-
tats and ecosystems are particularly susceptible to in-
stallation-related disturbances. These areas as well as
those where geologic hazards are most likely to be en-
countered are described. Fishing problems highlighted
include loss of access to fishing areas due to pipelines
both from platform to shore and between platforms.
The effects of obstructions on bottom fishing gear are
also considered. The concept of pipeline trenching for
safety and stability is discussed. Finally, criteria to use
in analyzing a proposed pipeline route are presented.
Topics discussed include general industry siting crite-
ria, geologic and environmental areas to avoid in pipe-
line siting and methods for minimizing unavoidable im-
pacts. The report is designed to be used by scientists
or engineers involved in offshore petroleum pipeline
planning.
Keywords: 'Underwater pipelines, 'Route surveys,
Pipeline transportation, Offshore structures, Environ-
mental impacts, Fishing grounds, Problem solving,
Geologic investigations.
PB80-205D59 PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Air Monitoring for Benzene. 24-Hour In-
tegrated Sampling In Six Cities. Final rept. 1 Jun
77-1 Apr 80,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Barry E. Martin, Thomas Clark, Joseph Bumgarner,
and Gary F. Evans. May 80,41 p EPA-600/4-80-027
This monitoring program was initiated to assess the
population exposure to ambient levels of benzene in
conjunction with the announcement of benzene as a
hazardous material. The program was conducted
during the summer and fall of 1977. Average benzene
concentrations of 5, 18, and 19 microgram/cu in, re-
spectively, were measured in the widely separated
cities of Dallas, Chicago, and Los Angeles. The preci-
sion of these data is estimated to bo + or - 26 percent
December 1983 915
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of the measured values. The improvement of benzine
monitoring and analysis technology was an important
secondary objective of this program. However, further
research is needed to identify a more favorable collec-
tion medium than the Tenex that was used in this
study.
Keywords: 'Benzene, "Hazardous materials, 'Gas
analysis, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Laboratory
equipment, Sampling, Quality control, Illinois, Texas,
California, 'Air pollution detection, *Air quality,
Chicago(lllinpis), DallasfTexas), Los
Angeles(California).
PB80-205B67 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxlclty, Interactions, and Metabolism of Form-
•mldlne Pesticides In Mammals,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Entomology.
R. M. Hollingworth, and G. K. W. Yim. May 80, 116p
EPA-600/1-80-028
Contract EPA-R-S03965
The overall goal of this research project was to investi-
gate the mechanism(s) of acute toxicity of formamidine
pesticides in mammals using chlordimeform (N'-(4-
chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine) and its meta-
bolites as the primary model compounds. The role of
biotransformations, particularly N-demethylation reac-
tions, in generating potentially toxic metabolites was
also studied. By comparing the effects of hepatic mi-
crosoma! mixed function oxidase inducers and inhibi-
tors administered in vivo on the toxicity, metabolism,
and distribution of metabolites in mouse tissues, it was
concluded that although N-demethylation products are
innately more toxic than chlordimeform, they are also
less stable, and the best correlation of toxicity was ob-
tained with the total level of formamidjnes in the brain,
rather than with the level of any individual metabolite.
In a series of studies with dogs, rabbits, and cats, the
cause of death was found to be cardiovascular col-
lapse accompanied by respiratory arrest. Cardiovascu-
lar collapse resulted primarily from a peripheral local
anesthetic-like effect of chlordimeform. Monoamine
oxidase inhibition was not a major factor in lethality.
Respiratory arrest was central in origin. Several other
central effects of the formamidines were described,
some of which may be local anesthetic actions, and a
behavioral profile for chlordimeform poisoning in the
rat was developed. The effectiveness of various drug
treatments as potential therapeutic aids for formami-
dine intoxication were studied. Formamidines also
have aspirin-like actions due to an inability to inhibit
prostaglandin synthesis.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Mammals, Metabolism, Interactions, In
vivo analysis, Insecticides, Mice, Distribution, Labora-
tory animals, Bioassay, 'Chlordime form, 'Formami-
dines, Metabolites, Formamidine/N-(chloro-tolyl)-N-N-
dimethyl.
PB80-205883 PC A04/MF A01
A Summary of the Interlaboratory Source Per-
formance Surveys for EPA Reference Methods 5,
6, and 7 - 1978. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
R. G. Fuerst, and M. R. Midgett. May 80,58p EPA-
600/4-80-029
A national survey of methods in stationary source tests
was conducted in 1978 by the Quality Assurance Divi-
sion of the Environmental Monitoring Systems Labora-
tory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. In this program, quality
assurance samples were sent to interested partici-
pants for the measurement of a gas volume (Method 5,
dry gas meter only) or the analysis of liquid samples
simulating collected sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
(Method 6 and 7, respectively). Each participant re-
turned the analytical results to the Source Branch,
Quality Assurance Division, for evaluation. An individ-
ual report was returned to each participant after proc-
essing. This report summarizes the survey results for
those three source test methods.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, 'Sur-
veys, Monitoring, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Samples, Statistical
analysis, *EPA method 5, *EPA method 6, 'EPA
method 7, 'Stationary sources.
PB80-206030 PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for Collection of Ambient Non-Methane
Organic Compound (NMOC) Data for Use In 1982
Ozone SIP Development, and Network Design and
Siting Criteria for the NMOC and NOx Monitors.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 80,27p EPA-450/4-80-011
Guidance is given on the selection, siting and use of
NMOC monitoring instruments for use in preparing
1982 Ozone SIPs. Some of the commercially available
NMOC continuous monitors can provide data useful
for modeling and for development of NMOC abate-
ment strategies, if they are carefully maintained and
calibrated. Collection of grab samples of ambient air
for subsequent analysis by GC methods may be
needed if a photochemical model is to be used, but this
may be better done by a contractor.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Monitoring, Air pollu-
tion, Sites, Nitrogen oxides, Management planning,
State government, Sampling, 'Air pollution sampling,
State implementation plans, Implementation air pollu-
tion planning program.
PB80-206960 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Economic Impact of Implementing RACT (Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology) Guidelines
In the State of Kentucky. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Florham Park, NJ.
Foster D. Snell Div.
Apr 79,431 p EPA-904/9-79-037
Contract EPA-68-02-2544
Prepared in cooperation with Public Management
Technology Center, Bethesda, MD.
The economic impact was assessed for the following
categories of industrial hydrocarbon emissions; sur-
face coating (paper, fabrics, automobiles, metal furni-
ture; and large appliances); solvent metal cleaning; pe-
troleum refineries; bulk gasoline terminals; bulk gaso-
line plants; storage of petroleum liquids In fixed roof
tanks; gasoline dispensing stations-Stage I; and use
of cutback asphalt. Also assessed was the economic
impact of imposing sulfur dioxide emissions limits rep-
resenting RACT on fuel combustion sources. The
scope of this project was to determine the costs and
direct impact of control to achieve RACT limitations for
these industrial categories in Kentucky.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Kentucky, 'Eco-
nomic impact, Legislation, Metal cleaning, Coating
processes, Petroleum refineries, Terminal facilities,
Storage tanks, Gasoline, Asphalts, Sulfur dioxide,
Sulfur oxides, Economic analysis, Reasonably avail-
able control technology, Clean Air Act Amendments of
1977, Industrial sector, Stationary sources.
PB80-207046 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-day Field Tests of Industrial Boilers: Site 2 -
Resldual-oll-fIred Boiler. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar 80,
KVB. Inc., Irvine, CA.
W. A. Carter, and R. J. Tidona. Apr 80,195p EPA-600/
7-80-085B
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
This report is a final one for a test program to evaluate
the long-term effectiveness of combustion modifica-
tions on industrial boilers. Previous short-term tests
had been performed on industrial boilers to determine
the effect of combustion modifications on such air pol-
lutant emissions as NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and particu-
late. The objective of this program was to determine if
the combustion modification techniques which were
effective for the short-term tests are feasible for longer
periods. The report gives results of a 30-day field test
of a 28.4 MW output (90,000 Ib steam/hr) residual-oil-
fired boiler using staged combustion air and low
excess air to control NOx emissions. Results Indicate
that these combustion modifications are effective
long-term NOx controls for this type of residual-oil-fired
boiler. The as-found NOx concentration was 158 ng/J
(281 ppm at 3% O2, dry). With staged combustion and
low excess air firing, the mean NOx emission level was
110 ng/J (196 ppm at 3% O2, dry). Boiler efficiency in-
creased by 0.7% under low NOx firing conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Field tests,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Revisions, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydro-
carbons, Particles, Residual oils.
PB80-207376 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Lung Cancer/Mortality In Proximity to a Pesticide
Plant Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Genevieve M. Matanoski, Emanuel Landau, James
Tonascia, Christiana Lazar, and Elizabeth A. Elliott.
Mar 80,80p EPA-560/11 -80-013
Contract EPA-68-01 -3859
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ.,
Baltimore, MO. School of Hygiene and Public Health.
This interim report covers a study of excess mortality
from cancer in the population residing near a chemical
plant in Baltimore which had produced insecticides for
75 years. Cancer deaths were examined for a five and
nine year period surrounding census years to deter-
mine not only the absolute mortality but the changing
trends. Four index census tracts including the one con-
taining the plant were selected based on the require-
ment that at least 50 percent of the area lay within a
three-quarter mile radius of the plant. Comparison
tracts were selected based on matching the index
tracts by age, sex, and socio-economic status. Em-
ployee deaths were subtracted. The lung cancer death
rate on an age adjusted basis had been found to be
significantly higher in the census tract containing the
plant. It had been rising rapidly since the mid-sixties. A
study of the validation of hospital records and the pa-
thology of cancer cases Indicates that the excess risk
of lung cancer represents a real risk in mortality and is
not the result of local diagnostic and certification prac-
tices. A corollary study of soil arsenic indicated highest
levels in the tract with increased lung cancer mortality.
The pattern of high soil levels appeared to be related
to rail transport of the arsenical material. Further re-
search is required to determine whether other factors
may play a role in the excess of lung cancer.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Mortali-
ty, Pulmonary neoplasms, Exposure, Epidemiology,
Maryland, Insecticides, Death, Soil analysis, Lung,
Respiratory system, Baltimore(Maryland), Cancer,
Death certificates, 'Toxic substances.
PB80-207426 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Human Enteric Virus Survival In Soil Following Irri-
gation with Sewage Plant Effluents. Final rept. 26
Jul 75-27 Jan 79,
Texas Univ. at San Antonio. Center for Applied Re-
search and Technology.
Bernard P. Sagik, Barbara E. Moore, and Charles A.
Sorber. Jun 80,154p EPA-600/1 -80-004
Grant EPA-R-803844-03
The wastewater treatment processes at Kerrville and
Uvalde, Texas, were evaluated in terms of their effica-
cy In reducing human enteric viruses. (Data on the re-
duction of TOG, BODS, suspended solids, orthophos-
phate, nitrogenous compounds, total coliform, fecal
coliform, and bacteriophage were also obtained). En-
teric viruses were reduced by greater than 99% at
Kerrville and at least 99% at Uvalde. These waters are
used for Irrigation without disinfection. Soil samples at
the Kerrville and Uvalde application sites yielded both
fecal coliforms and bactenophages. In addition, two
confirmed enterovirus isolations were made at the
Kerrville site. Lysimeters placed 1.5 ft, 3.0 ft, and 4.5 ft
depths at the Kerrville site yielded large numbers of
bacteriophage Isolates. In addition, tenlysimeter sam-
ples yielded a total of 29 confirmed viral isolates. This
Is a strikingly high number of isolations of indigenous
enteric viruses, relative to the irrigation pond which
was demonstrably low in viruses (when assayed on the
same cell lines). Cell changes (CPE) but no confirmed
isolations were made from five monitoring wells. These
studies of wastewater treatment plants processing
dilute to moderate strength sewage in efficient treat-
ment schemes represent a 'best possible case' for the
use of undlslnfected, domestic wastewater effluents
for irrigation. The Isolation of enteroviruses in water
from lysimeters but not from the monitoring wells sug-
gests that depth to groundwater should be a critical
factor in the selection of irrigation sites. From data de-
veloped in this study, it appears that a depth of 4.5 ft Is
not sufficient for effective viral attenuation In soils such
as those described In this report.
916 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, 'Waste disposal, *Sewage
treatment. Waste treatment, Public health, Water re-
sources, Lyslmeters, Humans, Soils, Texas, Efficacy,
evaluation, Conform, Bacteriophages, Water pollution,
Monitoring, Southwest Region(United States),
Kerrvllleffexas), UvaldefTexas), 'Water pollution con-
trol.
PB80-207798 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Courw 427:
Combustion Evaluation, Student Manual,
Associated Environmental Consultants, Chariottes-
ville,VA.
J. Taylor Beard, F. Antonio lachetta, and Lemblt U.
Ulleleht. Feb 80,364p EPA-450/2-80-063
Contract EPA-68-02-2893
See also PB80-207806.
This Student Manual is used In conjunction with
Course No. 427, 'Combustion Evaluation as applied to
air pollution control situations. This manual was pre-
pared by the EPA Air Pollution Training Institute (APTI)
to supplement the course lecture materials and to
present detailed reference information on the following
topics; combustion fundamentals, fuel properties,
combustion system design, pollutant emission evalua-
tions, combustion control, gas, oil, and coal burning,
solid waste and wood burning, incineration of wastes,
sewage sludge Incineration, waste gas flares, hazard-
ous waste combustion, NOx control, and improved
combustion systems. Note: There is also an Instruc-
tor's Guide to be used In conducting the training
course - (EPA-450/2-80-065) and a Student Workbook
to be used for homework and in-class problem solving
•(EPA-450/2-80-64).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Manuals, 'Hand-
books, Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Wood, Fuels, Catalysts, Incinerators, Solid
waste disposal, Design, Burners.
PBBO-207806 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 427:
Combustion Evaluation, Instructor's Quids,
Associated Environmental Consultants, Charlottes-
v«le,VA.
J- Taylor Beard, F. Antonio lachetta, and Lembit U.
Ulleleht. Feb 80,275p' EPA-450/2-80-065
Contract EPA-68-02-2893
See also PB80-207798.
This Instructor's Guide Is used in conjunction with
Course No. 427, 'Combustion Evaluation' as applied to
air pollution control situations. The teaching guide was
Prepared by the EPA Air Pollution Training Institute
JAPTI) to assist instructors in presenting course No.
427. The guide contains sections on the following
topics: combustion fundamentals, fuel properties,
combustion system design, pollutant emission calcula-
tions, combustion control, gas, oil, and burning, solid
waste and wood burning, incineration of wastes,
sewage sludge incineration, flame and catalytic Incin-
eration, waste gas flares, hazardous waste combus-
J°h, NOx control, improved combustion systems.
Note: There is also a Student Workbook to be used for
nomework and in-class problem solving (EPA-450/2-
80-064) and a Student Manual for reference and addi-
tional subject material (EPA-450/2-80-063).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Manuals, 'Handbooks, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, Burners, Wood, Catalysis, Solid
waste disposal, Incinerators, Fuels, Nitrogen oxides.
£B80-2067M PC A13/MF A01
Chemical Hazard Information Profiles (CHIPs).
roxlcs Integration Information series, 1 Aug 76-20
NOV79.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Apr 80,296p EPA-660/11 -80-011
jWs collection of 40 Chemical Hazard Information Pro-
ng (CHIP) reports was prepared by the Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances (OPTS) between August
'• 1876, and November 20, 1979. Chemicals are
chosen for CHIP preparation on the basis of Informa-
tion indicating potential for adverse health or environ-
mental effects of significant exposure. The CHIP itself
Is a brief summary of readily available information con-
cerning health and environmental effects and expo-
sure potential of a chemical. Information gathering for
a CHIP is generally limited to a search of secondary lit-
erature sources and Is not intended to be exhaustive;
however, In depth searches on specific topics may be
done on a case-by-case basis. In general, no attempt
is made to evaluate or validate information at this
stage of assessment. Preparation of a CHIP is part of
the first stage in the OPTS Chemical Risk Assessment
Process. The purpose of the CHIP is to enable OPTS
to make a tentative decision on an appropriate course
of action for the subject chemical and to identify and
characterize problems that may require more thorough
investigation and evaluation.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, Exposure, Public
health, Toxicity, Environmental surveys, 'Chemical
hazard Information profiles.
PB80-208895 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 413:
Control of Partlculte Emissions, Instructor's
Qulde,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Beacnler, G. Aldina, and J. Jahnke. Mar 80,303p*
EPA-450/2-80-068
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
The Instructor's Guide for the Air Pollution Training In-
stitute Course 413, 'Control of Particulate Emissions,'
contains complete information for conducting a 4 day
course in paniculate emissions control. The Guide
contains course goals and objectives, preparation in-
structions, lesson plans, exams and exam keys, solu-
tions to problem sets, and copies of handout materials.
The lesson plans Include keys to 35 mm slides devel-
oped for the course and suggested Instructional tech-
niques. This Guide is Intended for use In conjunction
with the Student Manual (EPA 450/2-80-066) and the
Student Workbook (EPA 450/2-80-067) for APTI
Course 413.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Handbooks, 'Manuals, Specialized training, Instruc-
tional materials, Dust collectors, Particle size, Electro-
static precipitators, Air filters, Maintenance, Inspec-
tion, Cost analysis, Cyclone separators, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, Fabric filters.
PB80-209034 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Portland
Study. Final r
Hamilton Teat 5
David A. Smith. (
Contract EPA-I
Element II. I/M Effectiveness
stems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
f 79,233p EPA-460/3-79-003
-2513
See also report dated Mar 79, PB80-151210.
An exhaust emissions test program was conducted in
Portland, Oregon on a sample of privately-owned
1972-77 mode) year automobiles. The objective of the
study was to collect data on the effectiveness of a
mandatory vehicle exhaust inspection/maintenance
(I/M) program. Cars were recruited from Portland,
where they are subject to the Oregon vehicle inspec-
tion program, and from Eugene, where they are not.
The Eugene cars thus served as the experimental con-
trol. The Portland and Eugene fleets were identical in
make, model, and model year mix, both representative
of the Oregon automobile population of the model
years tested. The Portland fleet consisted of equal
numbers of cars passing and failing the state inspec-
tion when Initially recruited. Each car was tested In as-
received condition, Initially and at 3-month intervals for
a year. Portland fall cars were also tested after mainte-
nance. The test sequence included the state Idle test,
two Federal short tests, the 75 FTP, and the Highway
Fuel Economy Test. Complete engine diagnostic
checks and owner Interviews regarding maintenance
were also conducted at each sequence. Emissions
and fuel economy data are presented for all tests on
every car In the program.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance tests,
Fuel consumption, Tables(Data), Oregon, 'Motor vehi-
cle Inspection, Motor vehlcles(1972 models), Motor
vehicles(1973 models), Motor vehicles(1974 models),
Motor vehicles(1975 models), Motor vehicles(1976
models), Motor vehicles(1977 models),
Portland(Oregon).
PB80-209125 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental and Technological Analysis of the
Use of Surplus Wood as an Industrial Fuel. Final
rept. Sep 77-Dec 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. H. Hall, J. E. Burch, M. E. Eischen, and R. W. Hale.
Jun 80,107p EPA/600/7-80-102
Grant EPA-R-805050-01-0
The report examines the technology and the environ-
mental aspects of the use of surplus wood as an Indus-
trial fuel. It includes a review of various wood-burning
technologies and a listing of existing facilities. Informa-
tion on operational problems obtained through site
visits is summarized. Estimates are presented of the
reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions achieved by burn-
ing wood inatead of coal or oil. Industrial fuel require-
ments are compared with the quantities of unused
wood residues available on both regional and national
levels. Ecological impacts of wood residue utilization
and non-technical barriers to the use of wood fuel are
explored.
Keywords: 'Wood, *Alr pollution control, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Technology, Environ-
mental surveys, Boilers, Sulfur dioxide, Fuels, Cost,
Solid waste disposal, 'Fuel substitution.
PB80-209133 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Potential Health Effects from Persistent Organic*
In Wastewater and Sludges Used for Land Appli-
cation. Final rept. 1978-Feb 80,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
Vimala A. Majeti, and C. Scott Clark. May 80,63p*
EPA-600/1-80-025
Grant EPA-R-805445-01
The potential health problems associated with the
presence of persistent organic chemicals in
wastewater and sludge, when applied to agricultural
lands, are reviewed. The type and amounts of organic
chemicals present in wastewater and sludge, their fate
on land, and available control measures are dis-
cussed. The potential health effects of organic chemi-
cals on workers/populations who come in contact with
them during wastewater treatment, transportation,
and/or application are considered. The review con-
cludes that there is not sufficient information at
present to assess the full extent of long-term health
risks of exposure to organics in the wastewater treat-
ment plants or at land application sites. Recommenda-
tions are made concerning guidelines and further re-
search. Further research is recommended on the
uptake of organic chemicals by food crops. Long-term
follow-up is also recommended for populations who
have had acute short-term exposure to organic chemi-
cals from waste materials.
Keywords: 'Organic wastes, 'Ground water, 'Industri-
al wastes, Public health, Water quality, Waste water,
Chemical removal(Water treatment), Hazardous mate-
rials, Irrigation, Water pollution, Land, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution control, 'Health risks.
PB80-209141 PC AOS/MF A01
An Evaluation of the ASTM (American Society for
Testing and Materials) Standard Method for De-
termining the Performance of a Wind Vane,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
Peter L. Flnkelsteln. Feb 80,77p EPA-600/4-80-028
The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) has proposed a standard method for testing
the performance characteristics of a wind vane. This
report presents the procedures used to test and evalu-
ate the ASTM method, and the results of that evalua-
tion. Twelve wind vanes were borrowed from their
manufacturers and tested using the ASTM proce-
dures. The theory of wind vane dynamics is briefly re-
viewed. Description of the equipment and procedures
used Is given. Measurements of starting threshold,
starting accuracy, delay distance, overshoot ratio, and
damped wavelength were made. Damping ratio and
December 1983 917
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
natural wavelength were computed from the measure-
ments.
Keywords: "Wind direction indicators, 'Wind vanes,
'Performance evaluation, Field tests, Accuracy,
Damping, Reliability, Starting Quality assurance.
PB80-209356 PC A11 /MF A01
Atmospheric Loading* to Waters of the Four
Upper Great Lakes. A Status Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Charles T. Elly. Fab 80,240p EPA-905/80-002
This report contains a summary of loadings to the
lakes for 33 parameters including pH, conductance,
solids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrogens, phosphorus, and
23 metals, during the period from August, 1978 to July,
1979. The report also contains an assessment of prob-
lems which plague the program and recommendations
to follow in order for Region V to obtain useable at-
mospheric loading data.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, Deposition,
pH, Conductivity, Inorganic sulfates, Chlorides, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Metals, Air pollution, Pesticides,
Solids, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota,
Tables(Data), Organic loading, 'Water quality data.
PB80-209463 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Temperature on Hatching Success and
Survival of Larvae In the White Bass. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. Howard McCormlck. Oct 78,7p EPA-600/J-78-092
Pub. in Progressive-Fish Culturist, v40 n4 p133-137
Oct 78.
Temperature effects on the hatching success of eggs
of the white bass (Morone chrysops) were determined
by exposing sample lots of recently fertilized eggs to
10 constant temperatures, 6 through 30C. Different
lots of eggs were exposed to test temperatures before
gastrulation, and after closure of the blastopore In the
embryo. The percentages of normal larvae hatched
were not significantly (P > 0.05) impaired in eggs ex-
posed before gastrulation at temperatures from 18
through 26C, nor in those first exposed after closure of
the blastopore at temperatures from 14 through 26C.
Eggs incubated In 14C hatched 4.5 days after fertiliza-
tion, and those incubated at 26C required only 1 day.
The 24-h TL50 for white bass larvae exposed within 24
h of hatching and acclimated to 14, 18, 20 and 26C
was between 30 and 32C, and was not altered by the
acclimation temperatures tested.
Keywords: 'Bass, Larvae, 'Temperature, 'Ecology,
Acclimatization, Reproduction(Biology),
Tolerances(Physiolqgy), Heat tolerance, Fresh water
fishes, Embryos, Survival, Acceptability, Mortality,
Water pollution, 'Morone chrysops, Water pollution
affect8(Animals).
PB80-209471 PC A02/MF A01
Refinements of the Lognormal Probability Model
for Analysis of Aerometrlc Data. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Statistical and Technical Analysis
Branch.
David T. Mage, and Wayne R. Cm. 1978,5p EPA-600/
J-78-109
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v28 n8
p796-798Aug78.
Logarithmic probability plots of air quality data, com-
monly described as 'approximately straignt lines', are
shown to have consistent curvature. These curves
appear to follow the form of a censored three-parame-
ter lognormal distribution. A procedure for fitting these
data Ts discussed in which a statistical criterion for
goodness-of-fit is used to guide the analyst.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, Air pollution, Sulfur
dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Air
quality, 'Lognomal distribution functions.
PBBO-209489 PC A02/MF A01
Ablologlcal Methylatlon of Mercury In Soil. Journal
article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Robert D. Rogers. 1977,8p EPA-600/ J-77-146
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v6 n4 D463-467
1977.
The results from this work define several factors influ-
encing the methylation of mercuric ion in soil. Two of
the most important findings were that is is possible to
extract the mercury methylating factor from soil with a
solution of 0.5/V sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and that
this factor is responsible for the abiological methyla-
tion of Hg in the soils under investigation.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Soil analysis, 'Methyla-
tion, 'Environmental surveys, Solvent extraction, Tem-
perature, pH, Ion density(Concentration), Dialysis, Sol-
ubility, Precipitation(Chemistry), Reprints.
PB80-209505 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Failure to Produce Arsenic Neurotoxlclty In the
Rat. An Experimental Study. Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Herbert H. Schaumburg. May 80,17p EPA-560/11 -80-
022
Prepared in cooperation with Albert Einstein Coll. of
Medicine, Bronx, NY. Inst. of Neurotoxicotogy.
Prolonged, low-level exposure to inorganic arsenic can
produce peripheral neuropathy in humans, and is a se-
rious industrial health hazard. The clinical expression
of arsenic neuropathy is similar to other toxic neuro-
pathies of the dying-back type. No satisfactory animal
model of arsenic neuropathy has been devised. Rats
underwent weekly intraperitoneal injections with solu-
tions of arsenic tnoxide. Strengths of 2mg/kg, 5mg/kg,
10mg/kg and 15mg/kg were used. The 15 mg/kg ani-
mals died shortly after receiving the injection. The
other animals survived and, after eighteen months, ap-
peared normal. Histopathological study of the periph-
eral and central nervous systems of these animals was
unremarkable. It appears that the rat is not the appro-
priate species for the study of inorganic arsenic neuro-
toxiclty.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Arsenic, Rats, Exposure,
Humans, Parenteral infusions, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Compositlon), Nervous systems, 'Toxic
substances, Histopathology, 'Neurotoxins, Animal
models.
PB80-209539 PC A18/MF A01
Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of Marine Environmental Implica-
tions of Offshore Drilling In the Eastern Qulf of
Mexico. Conference/Workshops Held at St. Pe-
tersburg, Florida on January 31, February 1, 2,
1974. Final rept.
State Univ. System of Florida Inst. of Oceanography,
St. Petersburg.
Mar 74,423p BLM/YM/ES-74/4
Contract DI-08550-CT4-5
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and American Petroleum
Inst., Washington, DC.
The impending Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil ex-
ploration and production activities in the eastern Qulf
of Mexico have catalyzed the interest and concern of a
significant cross section of individuals and organiza-
tions. The conference/workshops were planned and
held to properly define by priority the critical research
and/or information needs in the subject area, to dis-
cuss the development of a scientifically sound and rel-
evant interdisciplinary program and to identify the per-
sons to implement same. The conference/workshop
sessions were attended by 352 persons; participants
came from many parts of the United States.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural resources, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Continental shelves, 'Mexico Qulf, 'Meetings.
Offshore drilling, Marine meteorology, Marine geology,
Objectives, Recommendations, Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, 'Outer continental shelves, Baseline studies.
PB80-209778
PC A02/MF A01
Reference Method 24-Determlnatlon of Volatile
Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume
Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings.
Reference Method 25-Determlnatlon of Total Gas-
eous Nonmethane Organic Emissions as Carbon.
Background Information for Promulgated Test
Methods. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Jul 80,22p EPA-450/3-79-030C
Reference Method 24 is used to determine the volatile
organic compound (VOC) content of coating materials,
and Reference Method 25 is used to determine the
percentage reduction of VOC emissions achieved by
emission control devices. These methods were pro-
posed on October 5,1979, as an appendix to the pro-
posed standards of performance for automobile and
light-duty truck surface coaling operations. This docu-
ment contains information on the public comments
made after proposal and EPA responses to the com-
ments.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Gas analysis,
'Coatings, Air pollution control, Chemical analysis.
Automobiles, Trucks, *EPA method 24, *EPA method
25, 'Air pollution detection, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Procedures, Light duty vehicles.
PB80-209786 PC A11/MF A01
Proposed Sewerage Facilities In the Marlon
County Lake Improvement District, Marlon
County, Kansas. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Apr 80,231 p EPA-907/9-80-002
Prepared In cooperation with Sverdrup and Parcel and
Associates, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement examined
five alternatives for the Improvement of sewerage fa-
cilities in the Marion County Lake Improvement Dis-
trict, Marion County, Kansas. The environmental,
social, and economic impacts of each of these alterna-
tives were evaluated, along with appropriate mitigation
measures.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statement-draft,
'Sewage treatment, 'Kansas, Water quality, Econom-
ic impact, Environmental impact, Sewers, Marion
County(Kansas), Sewage treatment plants.
PB80-209877 PC A04/MF AOl
Emission Laboratory Correlation Study Between
EPA and the Japan Automobile Manufacturers As-
sociation, Inc. Technical rept, .
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Emission Control Technology Div.
Richard E. Lowery. Apr 74, S4p EPA-AA-CORR-74-06
This report presents the results of an extensive corre-
lation study between EPA and the Japan Automobile
Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JAMA). It specifically
compares the test facilities of Nissan and Toyota to
EPA's Ann Arbor Laboratory. No significant differ-
ences were discovered between the Toyota and EPA
laboratories. Emission levels produced by vehicles
tested at both laboratories were very similar. Signifi-
cant differences In emission levels of vehicles tested
at both Nissan and EPA laboratories were experi-
enced. Vehicle variability appeared to be a major
cause of the discrepancies.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Test facilities, 'Compari-
son, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, Technolo-
gy transfer, Calibration, Correlation techniques, Japan
Automoble Manufacturers Association, Inc.
PB80-209919 PC A14/MF AOl
Dry Creek Interceptor Project C200442 In Wichita,
Sedgwlck County, Kansas. Environmental impact
statement (Final). _
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO-
Region VII.
Fob 80, 305p EPA-907/9-80-001
The primary purpose of the Dry Creek Interceptor Is to
transport the domestic wastes generated by a popula-
tion of approximately 18,500 people within the 4.8
square mile sewer district. However, the existing sewlfr
is often overloaded by rain water leaking into the
918 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sewer through cracks, breaks and unapproved con-
nections. In order to eliminate this condition, the City of
Wichita applied to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) for a grant to replace the existing inter-
ceptor with a larger pipe which will eliminate this over-
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, 'Dry Creek, Kansas, Improve-
ment, Law(Jurisprudence), Decision making, Soils,
gtream erosion, Ground water, Sewers, Water quality,
surface waters, Construction, Wildlife, Natural re-
sources, Forest land, Noise(Sound), 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Wichita(Kansas).
PB80-209927 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Chrysler Lean Burn Vehicle. Tech-
nical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
°ct75,12p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-07
Lean mixture combustion engines are attractive be-
cause of the low emissions and good fuel economy
mat are possible with a properly controlled lean burn
engine. Chrysler Corporation has conducted research
into engine operation at lean air-fuel ratios and is now
Planning to market lean burn vehicles. The U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Emission Control
lechnology Division (ECTD) has tested several lean
Durn vehicles. However, none of these were full sized
vehicles. Also none of the previous vehicles used sys-
tems that would possibly be marketed soon. ECTD re-
quested a vehicle for testing. Chrysler Corporation
made available a lean burn vehicle that ECTD was
testing for sulfate emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution. Exhaust gases, Fuel sys-
tems, Performance evaluation, Chrysler vehicles,
Uirysler Corporation, Lean burn vehicles.
PB80-210065 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
proposed Wactewater Treatment Plant, Olathe,
*«n*a*. Draft environmental impact statement.
overdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
Jul 80,291 p EPA-907/9-80-003
"The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) eval-
rated 11 alternatives to build a wastewater treatment
Plant and interceptor system for that part of Olathe,
Kansas that is in the Cedar Creek Basin. Based on a
-proparatlve analysis of both monetary and nonmone-
«ry Impacts of the alternatives, EPA has identified a
Preferred alternative project. The preferred alternative
ponslsts of staged construction of a 3 MOD
™astewater treatment plant with gravity interceptors,
U™ JJalor lift stations and two major force mains. The
aJSfty interceptors are generally aligned with Cedar
«w Little Cedar Creeks. One major lift station would
wmp around Emle Miller Nature Center Park, and the
otner ii« station would pump around Olathe Lake.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
"" statements-draft, Kansas, Construction, Gravl-
, Pumping, Sewers, Cedar Creek, Little Cedar
_—k, Olathe Lake, Environmental impacts, Pollution,
wound water, Land use, Taxes, 'Sewage treatment
wants, Olathe(Kansas), Alternative planning.
PC A03/MF A01
Triangle
Final
""rawest Research Inst, Raleigh, NC.
iun 80,45p EPA-450/3-80-030
^ntract EPA-68-02-3059
Background information is presented on the detergent
Jjanufacturing Industry for the purpose of assessing
rje need for new source performance standards. The
LJJPort contains information on industry statistics and
Crosses, air emissions, and emission control equip-
ISfnt associated with spray-dried powdered detergent.
i dryer used to produce powdered detergent
y major source of paniculate emissions. No
... ' spray dryers are expected to be constructed, re-
'•onstructed, or modified within the next 5-10 years.
The report recommends that standards of perform-
ance should not be developed at this time.
Keywords: 'Detergents, 'Air pollution control, Surfac-
tants, Sources, Industrial wastes, Standards, Surveys,
Spray dryers, Design, Sampling, Performance evalua-
tion, 'New source performance standards.
PB80-210305 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Ethyl Lean Reactor System Ap-
plied to a Dodge Coronet. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
NOV75,14pEPA-AA-TAEB-76-05
For many years, Ethyl Corporation engineers have
conducted research into engine operation at lean air-
fuel ratios. They were interested in lean-mixture com-
bustion because of the inherently low emissions and
good fuel economy that are possible without catalytic
aftertreatment with a properly controlled lean engine.
Some of their recent research efforts have been di-
rected toward a demonstration of the potential of lean-
mixture control techniques to meet emissions stand-
ards. The EPA's Emission Control Technology Division
(ECTD) tested on Ethyl lean burn car equipped with a
Turbulent Flow Manifold (TFM). The system was in-
stalled on a BMW 2002. This vehicle met the 1975
Federal emission standards and gave excellent fuel
economy. Ethyl has done similar work on full-sized ve-
hicles. They have achieved significant reductions in
emissions on these vehicles and one vehicle has com-
pleted mileage accumulation. ECTD requested a vehi-
cle for testing. Ethyl Corporation provided a Dodge
Coronet equipped with their TFM induction system and
exhaust aftertreatment.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Manifolds,
Exhaust systems, Performance evaluation, Ethyl Cor-
poration, Lean burn vehicles.
PB80-2104S3 PC A02/MF A01
Exhauat Emission* and Fuel Economy of Three
Prototype Honda Motorcyclea. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Apr 76,20p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-19
Early in 1976, the Honda Motor Company, Ltd., of
Japan, offered to make available for EPA testing three
prototype motorcycles designed to meet the proposed
1978 Federal emission standards for motorcycles.
These motorcycles incorporated improvements In fuel
metering and combustion control to reduce exhaust
emissions, and improvements In durability to maintain
the reduced exhaust emissions over the useful life of
the vehicle. One motorcycle would be equipped with
an auxiliary hydrocarbon control device In the exhaust
system. Data supplied by Honda Indicated that the pro-
totype motorcycles would achieve the proposed 1978
standards with considerable Improvement In fuel econ-
omy over that delivered by their current production mo-
torcycles. The EPA agreed to test the three prototype
motorcycles, and also requested that three current
production motorcycles (which have uncontrolled ex-
haust emissions) be supplied with the prototype motor-
cycles so that comparisons between current produc-
tion motorcycles and the prototype motorcycles could
be made.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Perform-
ance evaluation, Honda motorcycles, Honda Motor
Company.
PB80-210511 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
nati, OH.
A Guide to the Naldldae (Annelida: Clltellata: Oll-
gochaeta) of North America. Final rept,
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Ml. Great
Lakes Fishery Lab.
Jarl K. Hlltunen, and Donald J. Klemm. Jun 80,60p
EPA-600/4-80-031
See also report dated Jul 73, PB-227183.
In North America the aquatic annelid worms
(Clrtellata:Oligochaeta), belonging In the family Naldl-
dae, are composed of 21 genera and 62 species. All
taxa can be identified by external morphological fea-
tures. This guide presents the following: an introduc-
tion to the general biology of the Naldldae, collecting
and processing methods, a species list, an illustrated
key, a glossary, an annotated systematic list, and a se-
lected bibliography which includes the references
cited In the text and other publications which provide
additional information on naidid taxonomy ana ecolo-
gy-
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Fisheries, 'Freshwater biology,
•Water pollution, Indicator species, Annelida, Worms,
Taxonomy, Distribution(Property), Collecting methods,
Morphology, Aquatic biology, Invertebrates, Manuals,
North America.^Naididae, Oligochaeta, Clltellata.
PB80-210529 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of Physical Coal Cleaning on Sulfur Con-
tent and Variability. Final rept. Jun 78-Apr 80,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
D. H. Sargent, B. A. Woodcock, J. R. Vaill, and J. B.
Strauss. May 80,96p EPA-600/7-80-107
Contract EPA-68-02-2136
The report gives results of a statistical analysis of the
sulfur content and heating value data for 53 different
coal-source/cleaning-plant combinations, both to doc-
ument the operational effectiveness of commercial
coal cleaning plants in reducing sulfur and enhancing
heating value, and to define the effect of physical coal
cleaning on sulfur variability. Cleaning plants, for which
matched pairs of feed and product coal data were
available, showed 24-50% reductions (from feed to
product) in the mean lb/SO2 million Btu. These empiri-
cal data are consistent with the calculated perform-
ance of hypothetical coal cleaning plants.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, Desulfurization, Air pol-
lution, Variability, Sulfur dioxide, Sources, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Physical treatment.
PB80-210652 PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical Effects of Inhalation of Sulfurlc Acid
Mist by Human Subject* While at Reat. Rept. for 15
Jan-1 May 79,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Studies Div.
Suzanne Chaney, Wendy Blomquist, Keith Muller, and
Paulette DeWitt. Oct 79,29p EPA-600/1-79-042
A total of 20 human subjects were exposed to 100 mi-
crograms/cu m (0.033 uM) sulfuric acid aerosol (0.5
micrometers mean mass diameter) for four hours per
day for two consecutive days. A total of 17 human sub-
jects were exposed to four hours of ambient air on
both exposure days. The subjects were at rest during
both exposures. Seven biochemical blood parameters
were measured pre and post exposure and 20 hours
after the second exposure: serum glutathione, red
blood cell glutathione reductase, red blood cell glu-
cose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lysozyme, serum
glutamic oxaloacetlc acid transamlnase, serum vitamin
E and 2,3-dlphosphoglycerate. The results indicate no
significant response In any of the seven biochemical
blood parameters measured.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sulfuric acid, Respiration,
Biochemistry, Humans, Mist, Aerosols, Exposure,
Blood chemical analysis, Glutathione, Tocopherol,
Physiological effects, Glutathione reductase, Glucose-
phosphate dehydrogenase, Muramidase, Aspartate
aminotransferase, Diphosphoglycerates, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB80-211303 PCA11/MFA01
The Consequence* and Frequency of Selected
Man-Originated Accident Event*. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jun 80,233p EPA-520/3-75-016
Data are compiled for man-caused accidents where
there were ten or more fatalities, thirty or more injuries,
or three million dollars or more in property damage for
the period, 1953 through 1973. Data are also summa-
rized in various classifications, such as transportation,
hazardous materials, etc. A bibliography Is Included.
Discussions are made of the limitations on use of the
data, difficulties when comparing the data classes, and
problems encountered In identifying voluntary or Invol-
untary risks. This compilation may be quite useful as
basic information for accident risk assessments. How-
ever, accidents caused by natural events are not in-
cluded.
December 1983 919
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Accidents, Risk, Radioactive materials,
Aviation accidents, Fires, Cargo ships, Forest fires,
Statistical analysis, 'Hazardous materials transporta-
tion, Railroad accidents, Ship accidents, Human fac-
tors, Accident causes, Pipeline accidents.
PB80-211386 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-day Field Tests of Industrial Boiler*: Site 1 •
Coal-fired Spreader Stoker. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar
80,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
W. A. Carter, and H. J. Buening. Apr 80,213p EPA-
600/7-80-085A
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB80-207046.
This is a final report for a test program to evaluate the
long-term effectiveness of combustion modifications
on Industrial boilers. Previous short-term tests had
been performed on industrial boilers to determine the
effect of combustion modifications on air pollutant
emissions such as NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and paniculate.
The objective of this program was to determine if the
combustion modification techniques which were effec-
tive for the short-term tests are feasible for longer peri-
ods. The report gives results of a 30-day field fest of a
29.3 MW output (100,000 Ib steam/hr) coal-fired
spreader stoker. Low excess air was used to control
NOx emissions. Results indicate that low excess air
firing is an effective long-term NOx control for spread-
er stokers. The as-found NOx concentration was 243.9
ng/J (400 ppm at 3% 02, dry) with the boiler load at
80% of design capacity. Firing in the low excess air
mode reduced the as-found condition by about 20%.
Low excess air firing also increased efficiency by about
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Field tests, Revisions, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Industrial wastes, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Particles, Monitor-
ing.
PB80-211428 PC A03/MF A01
Amltraz (BAAM): Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
4 Jun 79,50p* EPA/SPRD-80/25
See also report dated 6 Jan 79, PB80-211436.
The report is a preliminary risk assessment of Baam. It
gives a preliminary examination of its use, environmen-
tal residues, and health effects including toxicology
data. Limited informatin is provided for exposure and
extent of risk. Results of a literature search are provid-
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Residues, Ecology, laboratory animals, Toxici-
ty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
'Baam, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide res-
idues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, Methanimidamlde/N-
(dimethylphenyl)N-((dimethylphenyl)-imino-N-.
PB80-211436 PC A05/MF A01
Amltraz (BAAM): Position Document 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
6 Jan 79,84p* EPA/SPRD-80/24
See also report dated 4 Jun 79, PB80-211428.
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Baam.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information Is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Residues, Ecology, laboratory animals, Toxici-
ty. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Baam,'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide res-
idues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, Methanlmidamide/N-
(dimethylphenyl)N-(((dimethylphenyl)-imino)methyl)-N-
PBSO-211469 PCA06/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Cyanide Removal from Refinery Wastewater
Using Powdered Activated Carbon. Final rept. Sep
75-Feb 77,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
James E. Huff, and Jeffrey M. Bigger. May 80,112p
EPA-600/2-80-125
Contract EPA-R-804029-01
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Inst. for Environ-
mental Quality, Chicago, IL.
The objective of this project was to evaluate the re-
moval of low level cyanide in petroleum refinery
wastewater by the addition of powdered activated
carbon and cupric chloride to an activated sludge unit.
The activated carbon and cupric chloride act as a cata-
lyst In the oxidation and destruction of the cyanides. A
two-phase study was carried out to develop the proc-
ess. The first phase consisted of a bench-scale study
using solutions of metal-cyanide complexes In order to
determine the mechanics of cyanide destruction. The
second phase consisted of bench-scale tests using
actual refinery wastes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Cyanides, 'Acti-
vated carbon, 'Activated sludge process, Refineries,
Industrial waste treatment, Petroleum industry, Cata-
lysts, Oxidation.
PB80-211741 PC A06/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Directory of Federal Interagency Groups Con-
cerned with Environmental Health (Second Edi-
tion).
Geomet, Inc., Qaithersburg, MD.
Apr 80,116p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -5773
This document is a reference directory that describes
33 Interagency committees and their subcommittees
or components that deal with environmental health.
The directory was developed and compiled by the
interagency Task force on Environmental Cancer and
Heart and Lung Disease. The directory is intended to
promote coordination and information exchange
among the listed groups and the Agencies and Institu-
tions involved in identifying problems and initiating re-
search in environmentally related cancer and heart
and lung diseases. Information reported for each com-
mittee Includes membership listings and Agency affili-
ations, charter, statement of activities and accomplish-
ments, listing of publications, products, meeting
schedule, committee duration, and work groups. This
is the second edition of the directory. The member
Agencies of this Task Force include: Environmental
Protection Agency; National Cancer Institute; National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health; National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences; National Center for
Health Statistics; Center for Disease Control; and
Food and Drug Administration.
Keywords: 'Directories, Preventive medicine, Occupa-
tional diseases, Committees, Cancer, Heart, Lung,
Safety, Diseases, Toxicology, Blood diseases, Epide-
miology, Etiology, Public health, 'Environmental
health, 'Federal agencies, 'Occupational safety and
health.
PB80-211832 PCA12/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD Survey: January-March 1980.
Quarterly rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Mella, and N. Gregory. May 80.262p
EPA-600/7-80-029B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
See also report for Oct-Dec 79, PB80-176811.
The report is the first of three supplements updating
the October-December 1979 report (EPA-600/7-80-
029a) and should be used In conjunction with It. The
report, generated by a computerized data base
system, presents a survey of operational and planned
domestic utility flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) systems,
operational domestic particle scrubbers, and Japa-
nese coal-fired utility boiler FGD Installations. It sum-
marizes Information contributed by the utility Industry,
process suppliers, regulatory agencies, and consulting
engineering firms. Domestic FGD systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically by development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process, and waste disposal
practice. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. It includes unit by unit dependability param-
eters and discusses problems and solutions associat-
ed with the boilers and FGD systems. Process flow
diagrams and FGD system economic data are append-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Scrubbers, Boilers, Design, Sur-
veys, Electric utilities, Performance, 'Flue gas desul-
funzation.
PB80-211881 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Study of the Effect of Whole Animal Exposure to
Acid Mists and Partlculates on the Pulmonary Me-
tabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene In the Isolated Per-
fused Lung Model. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
D. Warshawsky, R. W. Nlemeier, and E. Blngham. Jul
80,178p EPA-600/1-80-029
Contract EPA-68-02-1678
Prepared In cooperation with National Inst. for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH., and Occu-
pational Safety and Health Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Lung cancer represents the highest single cause of
cancer deaths In the U.S. Epidemiologies! and experi-
mental evidence indicates that the interplay of multiple
environmental factors is responsible for the induction
of lung cancer. Man is exposed to a complex mixture
of potentially hazardous materials, including specific
carcinogens and a variety of agents which may modify
the manner in which the lung disposes of inhaled ma-
terials. One such carcinogen Is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)
a ubiquitous environmental pollutant formed during the
destructive distillation of coal and In other processes
that involve incomplete combustion of organic materi-
al. BaP in combustion with various agents, such as
ferric oxide, has been used in animals to experimental-
ly induce tumors of bronchogenlc origin. Evidence de-
scribes the necessity for this compound, BaP, to be
metabolized to produce the carcinogenic response.
However, the metabolism of BaP in the lung has not
been fully Investigated. Since at least three enzymes
are involved in the metabolism of this compound and
some of these systems can be inhibited by the pres-
ence of Fe2O3, SO2, or CAP to produce different met-
abolic patterns, a study of all the metabolites in the
lung is necessary in order to determine if the rate or
pattern of formation has changed. Therefore, an isolat-
ed perfused rabbit lung preparation suitable for meta-
bolic studies has been developed to study BaP In
crude air paniculate and/or SO2.
Keywords: 'Pulmonary neoplasms, 'Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials, Epidemiology, Exposure, Animals,
Mists, Malignant neoplasms, Carcinogens, Lungs,
Models, Respiratory systems, Particulates, 'Benzopyr-
ene, Cancer, Environmental factors, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Metabolites.
PB80-211998 PC A08/MF A01
Bacteriological Methods In Water Quality Control
Programs: Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Rocco Russomanno. Apr 80,1 S9p* EPA-430/1 -80-
004
Supersedes PB-235 902.
This Training Manual is designed for laboratory per-
sonnel who can perform basic bacteriological proce-
dures such as sample Inoculations, transfers, weigh-
ings, and related skills. The manual contains theoreti-
cal information and analytical procedures for param-
eters listed in the Federal Register (Wednesday, De-
cember 1, 1976, Part II) Water Programs: Guidelines
Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pol-
lutants. Procedures are as described in the Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 14th Edition, 1976. It is written In an out-
line form.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Water quality, Manuals, Micro-
biology, Collform bacteria, Waste water, Indicator spa-
920 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cies, Streptococcus, Filters, Culture media, Chlorine,
Bloindicators, "Water pollution control.
PB80-212046 PC A02/MF A01
Amltru (BAAM): Position Document 1.
environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
4 Mar 77, 23p" EPA/SPRD-80/23
Jne report is a preliminary risk assessment for Baam.
it gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
Provided.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
ifwcology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Residues, Ecology, laboratory animals, Toxici-
y. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
oaam, "Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide res-
cues, Path of pollutant^. Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bjoaccumulation, Methenimidamide/N-
Wimethylphenyl)N-((dimethylphenyl)-imino)-N-.
£880-212111 PCA18/MFA01
Jwpnatt Roofing Manufacturing Industry - Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards. Final
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ram, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Jun 80, 41 9p EPA-450/3-80-021 A
Standards of Performance for the control of emissions
HI '*""* owiiuwuo nuuiu afvjij uiuy vj ocuuiaiuia,
wowing stills, storage tanks, and mineral handling and
worage operations in asphalt roofing plants, and blow-
«ig stills and storage tanks in oil refineries and asphalt
processing plants. This document contains back-
ground Information and environmental and economic
"ripact assessments of the regulatory alternatives con-
sidered in developing proposed standards.
Keywords: "Roofing, "Asphalts, "Standards, "Air pol-
'unon control, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Economic impacts, Particles,
^ources, revisions, Substitutes, Monitoring, "New
source performance standards, "Air pollution abate-
mer>t. Stationary sources.
fcry« '<«» PC A17/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Applications Branch.
Vurabliny Demonstration of Systems for Control
*i Sulfurlc Acid. Final rept. Nov 76-Sep 79,
jfumwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
"jeMn N. Ingalls. Nov 79,377p EPA-460/3-80-007
Contract EPA-68-03-2481
I"* report describes development testing, optimiza-
jwi, and durability testing of emission control systems
SSI8™6 of meeting 1981 gaseous emission standards
"•n™ maintaining low sulfate emissions. Four emission
h™Vtr°l systems were investigated (1) oxidation cata-
22 Wnn air modulation system, (2) high temperature
jwiaust system, (3) threeway catalyst with feedback
Carburetor, and (4) threeway plus oxidation with air
Modulation system and feedback fuel injection. In
rnase I of the project, the air modulation system and
"™ 'hreeway catalyst system were selected for optlmi-
2™°rt and durability testing. The usual gaseous emls-
rpr18, plus nonmethane hydrocarbons, total cyanide
JJJfl ammonia were measured on both systems. The
JWdatton system was operated on a test car for 24100
!"J and the threeway catalyst system for 32200 km,
J™> emission tests every 8050 km. The durability dis-
j«nce accumulation was halted on both cars because
gnissions levels exceeded the 1981 standards. In
~~ ) project, a threeway plus oxidation cata-
i was developed, optimized and tested for
' for 64,400 km. During the durability testing,
-ere performed every 8050 km.
_s: "Air pollution control, "Sulfurlc acid, Dura-
.... ' "taust emissions, Performance evaluation, Oxi-
JJWton. High temperature tests, "Catalytic
l*actors(Exhau8t systems).
PB80-212228 PC A06/MF A01
Assessment of 1978 Water Quality Conditions In
the Upper Potomac Estuary. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Leo J. Clark, Stephen E. Roesch, and Molly M. Bray.
Mar 80,103pEPA-903/9-80-002
The second successive intensive monitoring program
in the Potomac Estuary was performed by the Annap-
olis Field Office, U.S. E.P.A., during the period of July
to September, 1978. This program consisted of three
distinct elements: (1) slack tide sampling over a sixty-
five mile reach of the upper estuary; (2) sampling of the
effluents at the eight major wastewater treatment
plants in the Washington Metropolitan Area and (3)
special field and laboratory studies which addressed
specific aspects of the dissolved oxygen budget for
mathematical modelling purposes as well as the
chronic problem of eutrophication.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Potomac River Estuary,
Sampling, Waste water, Sewage treatment, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Mathematical models, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Nutrients, Diurnal variations, Algae,
Eutrophication, Pseudanabaena catenota.
PB80-212236 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Solubilities of Acid Gases and Nitrogen In Metha-
nol. Final rept. Sep 79-Apr 80,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, R. W. Rousseau, and J. N. Matange. May
80,88p EPA-600/7-80-116
Grant EPA-R-804811
The report describes a thermodynamic model, devel-
oped to predict the equilibrium behavior of carbon di-
oxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and methanol mix-
tures. The model uses the four-suffix Margules equa-
tion to describe liquid-phase nonideallties and the
Soave modification of the Redlich-Kwong aquation of
state to describe the gas phase. Model parameters
were obtained from previously published binary vapor/
liquid equilibrium data. Vapor/liquid equilibrium data
were obtained experimentally for CO2/H2S/N2/meth-
anol mixtures at temperature and liquid compositions
compared favorably with experimentally measured
values.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical equilibrium,
"Liquid phases, "Vapor phases, "Mathematical
models, "Solubilities, Methyl alcohol, Carbon dioxide,
Nitrogen, Hydrogen sulfide, Thermodynamics, Coal
gasification, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Mixtures, Numerical solution.
PB80-212483 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmenal Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems User
Guide: Solid Discharge Data System. Final rept.
Sep 78-Sep 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. J. Larkin. Jan 80,265p EPA-600/8-80-009
Contract EPA-68-02-2699
The report is a user guide to the Solid Discharge Data
System (SDDS), a computerized data base on solid
waste discharges from stationary point sources. The
SDDS Is one of four waste stream data bases which
are components of the Environmental Assessment
Data Systems (EADS). The EADS concept has been
designed to aid researchers In environmental assess-
ment, emissions characterization, and control technol-
ogy development. The SDDS contains data from
source sampling which may include: design and typical
operating data on control technology applied to the
solid waste effluent stream; analysis of any fuel or
feedstock to the process producing the effluent
stream; results of chemical, physical, radiological, and
biological/ecological tests of solid waste samples;
process descriptions of the sources; and descriptions
of the sampling equipment and techniques employed.
The SDDS protocol is consistent wtth Level 1 and 2 re-
porting requirements. The guide gives detailed proce-
dures for encoding SDDS data sets, defines proce-
dures for submitting and retrieving data, and contains
standard nomenclature to facilitate data encoding. It
also contains a program library that describes analyti-
cal software available to the user and provides instruc-
tions for its use. The report also discusses procedures
which allow its users to access the SDDS directly or
through the EPA project officer.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Solid wastes dis-
posal, "Manuals, Assessments, Industrial wastes,
Sources, Samples, Data storage, Data retrieval, 'Solid
discharge data system, "Stationary sources, Environ-
mental assessment data systems.
PB80-212665 PC A07/MF A01
2,4,5-T: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
15 Mar 79,150p" EPA/SPRD-80/76
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for T 2-4-5
herbicides. It gives a preliminary examination of Its
use, environmental residues, and health effects includ-
ing toxicology data. Limited information is provided for
exposure and extent of risk. Results of a literature
search are provided.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Herbicides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Regulations, *T 2-4-5
herbicides, "Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation.
PB80-212673 PCA12/MFA01
Evaluation of Health and Environmental Effects of
Extra High Voltage (EHV) Transmission. Final rept
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Sur-
veillance and Emergency Preparedness Div.
Jun 80,254p* ORP/SEPD-80-13
In March 1975 to respond to concerns about the possi-
ble adverse health and environmental effects of Extra
High Voltage (EHV) transmission lines, the Environ-
mental Protection Agency requested data and infor-
mation from the public (through a Federal Register
Notice) on the health and environmental effects of 60
Hz transmission lines energized at 700 KV or higher. A
review and analyses of more than 50 replies totaling
over 6,000 pages is presented in this document.
Keywords: "Power transmission lines, "Environmental
impacts, "Pollution, Electric fields, Public health. Mag-
netic fields, Standards, Exposure, Humans, Acoustic
measurement, Ozone, Hazards, Microorganisms,
Electromagnetic induction, Fuels, Ignition, Vapors,
Extra high voltage, Noise pollution effects(Humans),
Noise levels.
PB80-212723 PC A07/MF A01
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) Fuel Use
Report (1977). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 80,127p EPA-450/4-80-004
See also report for 1976, PB80-146905.
This report summarizes annual estimates of total con-
sumption of major fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural
gas, gasoline, and diesel fuel. Estimates of the con-
sumption of a number of other comparatively minor
fuels are also included. The data are distributed ac-
cording to major categories of air pollutant emissions
sources and are reported for the nation as a whole and
for individual states, territories, and the District of Co-
lumbia.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Air pollution. Coal,
Fuel oil, Natural gas, Gasoline, Diesel fuels, United
States, States(Unlted States), Tables(Data), District of
Columbia, "National Emissions Data System, Point
sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB80-212780 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Options to Limit Air Quality Degrada-
tion Due to Misuse of Leaded Gasoline In Cars
Equipped With Catalytic Converters. Paper (Final).
Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, VA. Program
Analysis Div.
D. Dacy, P. Cutchis, R. Kuenne, J. Magnin, and R.
Oliver. Oct 79,67p IDA-P-1426
Contract EPA-68-01-5150
December 1983 921
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this study the authors analyze three short-term and
eight intermediate-term options to limit the use of
leaded gasoline in cars equipped with catalytic con-
verters. The short-term options analyzed are (1) man-
dated price differential between leaded and unleaded
gasoline, (2) temporary suspension of ban on MMT,
and (3) increased lead use in leaded gasoline. The in-
termediate-term options analyzed are (1) delay in intro-
ducing the three-way catalytic converter, (2) tax-subsi-
dy schemes, (3) closing down self-service stations, (4)
federal law against misfueling, (5) inspection-down
self-service stations, (6) public relations program, (7)
gasoline rationing, and (8) use of additives and blend-
ing materials to increase supply of unleaded gasoline.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, "Gasoline, "Catalytic
converters, Degradation, Air pollution, Air pollution
control equipment, Inspection, Allocations,
Law(Jurisprudence), 'Misfueling, 'Unleaded gasoline.
PB80-212798 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Papers Related to Gasoline Supply, Misfueling
and Environmental Air Quality for the Summer of
1979. Paper (Final),
Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, VA. Program
Analysis Div.
D. Dacy, P. Cutchis, F. Giertz, R. Kuenne, and J.
Magnin. Oct 79,170p IDA-P-1445
Contract EPA-68-01-5150
This volume contains nine back-up essays to the
study, 'Analysis of Options to Limit Air Quality Degra-
dation Due to Misuse of Leaded Gasoline in Cars
Equipped with Catalytic Converters,' IDA P-1426.
Thus, the essays pertain to the problem of 'misfueling'
which was a prominent feature of the gasoline short-
age in the summer of 1979.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Gasoline, 'Catalytic
converters, Degradation, Air pollution, Air pollution
control equipment. Inspection, Allocations,
Law(Jurisprudence), 'Misfueling, 'Unleaded gasoline.
PB80-212822 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment-Site I. Final rept. Apr-May 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L. Langsjoen, J. 0. Burlingame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. May 80,79p EPA-600/7-80-136A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01 -2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA. See also PB-285 172.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on a 70,000 Ib steam/hr coal-fired overfeed stoker
with traveling grate. The effects of various parameters
on boiler emissions and efficiency were studied. Pa-
rameters include overfire air, excess oxygen, grate
heat release, and coal properties. Measurements in-
clude O2, C02, NO, SO2, S03, uncontrolled particu-
late loading, particle size distribution of the uncon-
trolled flyash, and combustible content of the ash. In
addition to test results and observations, the report de-
scribes the facility tested, coals fired, test equipment,
and procedures. Uncontrolled paniculate loading on
this unit averaged 1.2 Ib/million Btu at full load. Full-
load NO emissions ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 Ib/million
Btu.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Boilers, 'Stokers, Industrial
heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases, Combustion
products. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur trioxide, Particle size distribution, Coal, Combus-
tion, Efficiency.
PB80-212848 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Proceedings of a Symposium on Economic Ap-
proaches to Solid Waste Management Held at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 19 and
20,1978. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Robert J. Anderson, Jr. May 80,259p EPA-600/9-80-
001
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
The Symposium sponsored by the Municipal Environ-
mental Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio) provid-
ed an opportunity for economists interested in solid
waste problems to exchange ideas and views on the
potential role of pricing in municipal solid waste man-
agement. This report contains the formal papers pre-
sented at the Symposium.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Meetings,
Demand(Economics), Mathematical models, Econo-
metrics, Proceedings, User charges, Solid wastes.
PB80-212855 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Pollution Control Processes: Upper
Thompson Sanitation District. Final rept. May 76-
Sep 79,
Upper Thompson Sanitation District, Estes Park, CO.
Bob A. Hegg, Kerwin L. Rakness, Larry D. DeMers,
and Robert H. Cheney. Jun 80,235p EPA-600/2-80-
016
Grant EPA-R-803831
Prepared in cooperation with M and I, Inc., Fort Collins,
CO.
The Upper Thompson Sanitation District (UTSD) ad-
vanced wastewater treatment facility, located in Estes
Park, Colorado, incorporated several unique unit proc-
esses. Among these were flow equalizaton, attached
growth nitrification, mixed media filtration and ozone
disinfection. Plant design flow was 5,680 cu m/day
(1.5 mgd to 1.0 mgd). The activated sludge, nitrification
and filtration processes have two parallel trains. By se-
lectively using one half of the available units design
flow conditions were achieved at one-half the plant
design flow rate. Overall plant performance in terms of
BODS and TSS removal was consistent, averaging 95
percent and 96 percent, respectively. Ammonia oxida-
ton was not as consistent, due to loading extremes
and cold weather operationg conditions. Performance
characteristics of two nitrification tower media types
(plastic dumped and redwood slats) were different.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Sewage treatment, Disinfection, Ozone,
Nitrification, Growth, Performance, Nitrogen cycle,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Filtration, Ammonia, Ox-
idation, Flow rate, Colorado, 'Denitrification, Design
flow.
PB80-212863 PC A02/MF A01
Dlallate: Position Document 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
James Stewart. 18 Apr 77,24p* EPA-SPRD-80/26
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Dlallate.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Sulfur organic compounds, Carbamates,
Chlorine organic compounds, Residues, Ecology, Lab-
oratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure, Physiological ef-
fects, Regulations, 'Diallate, 'Toxic substances.
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS
2303-16-4, Carbamic acid/(dichloroallyl-ester)-diiso-
propylthio.
PB80-212905 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Foam Flotation Treatment of Industrial
Wastewaters: Laboratory and Pilot Scale,
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN.
David J. Wilson, and Edward L Thackston. Jun 80,
146p EPA-600/2-80-138
Grant EPA-R-804438
A floe foam flotation pilot plant reduced lead and zinc
in dilute solution to very low concentrations. The re-
sults suggest a number of design improvements. A
simple diffusion model does not adequately describe
axial dispersion at high column leadings. The floe foam
flotation of zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium (III), and
simple and complexed cyanides was carried out. Modi-
fied procedures make floe foam flotation of copper
compatible with several precipitation pretreatments.
The flotation of ferric hydroxide floes is profoundly af-
fected by polyvalent anions such as silicates and
phosphates. The flotation of mixtures of copper, lead
and zinc was successfully carried out. A surface ao-
sorption model for floe foam flotation was analyzea
and found to account for the effects of ionic strengtn,
specifically adsorbed ions, surfactant concentration,
and surfactant hydrocarbon chain length.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Industrial waste
treatment, Pilot plants, Flotation, Metals, Zinc, Cobaii,
Nickel, Chromium, Cyanides, Lead(Metal), Copper,
Surfactant, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Froth flotation.
PB80-212921 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler*
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site E (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.
Nov 78-Jan 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. O. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, W. M. Jackson, and J.
D. Demont. Apr 80,255p KVB-15900-531, EPA-600/7-
80-064B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
The Data Supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical in the final
technical report. It is intended to provide the necessary
details to other researchers who are interested in per-
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
ment and procedures, interpretations and conclusions.
The final technical report also contains data summa-
ries not found in this supplement. The Supplement
contains panel board data for each test, detailed par-
ticulate, 02, CO2, CO, NO, SO2, and SO3 data, parti-
cle size distribution data, modified smoke spot data,
chemical analysis of the coal, and coal size consisten-
cy data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Stok-
ers, Industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Particle size
distribution, Efficiency, Combustion, Coal.
PB80-212939 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Utility Boiler Com-
bustion Modification NOx Controls: Volume 2. Ap-
pendices. Final rept. Mar 77-May 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
K. L. Lim, L. R. Waterland, C. Castaldini, Z. Chiba, and
E. B. Higginbotham. Apr 80,208p ACUREX/TR-78-
105, EPA-600/7-80-075B
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
The report gives results of an evaluation of combustion
modification techniques for coal-, oil-, and gas-fired
utility boilers, with repect to NOx control reduction ef-
fectiveness, operational impact, thermal efficiency
impact, capital and annualized operating costs, and
effect on emissions of pollutants other than NOx. For
gas- and oil-fired boilers, 30 to 60% NOx reductions
are achievable with the combined use of staged com-
bustion, flue gas reclrculation and low excess air at an
annualized cost of $0.50 to $3.00/kW-yr. For retrofit
control of existing coal-fired boilers, low NOx burners
and/or staged combustion yields a 30 to 60% NOx re-
duction at an annualized cost of $0.40 to $1.20/kW-yr.
For new sources, modified furnace design with low
NOx burners and/or overfire air can achieve emission
levels of 260 to 170 ng/J (40 to 60% reduction). De-
tailed emission tests on a 200 MW coal-fired boiler
showed that changes in trace specie emissions due to
combustion modifications were small compared to the
benefit of reduced NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Nitro-
gen oxides, 'Combustion, Effectiveness, Combustion
products, Assessments, Cost analysis, Analysis of
variance, Regression analysis, Emission, Data, Modifi-
cations.
922 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-212947 PC A05/MF A01
inaustnal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
JI«W Te»i8 Of industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
•or Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
JWnt - Site H. Final rept. Mar-Apr 79,
WB inc., Minneapolis, MN.
r- L. Langsjoen, R. J. Tidona, and J. E. Gabrielson.
May 80,89p KVB-15900-542, EPA-600/7-80-112A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
The report gives test results on a coal-fired, overfeed,
'r|yf ling-grate stoker. The boiler tested is rated at
^3,000 Ib/hr saturated steam at 140 psig. Measure-
ments include gaseous emissions (O2, CO2, CO, NO,
MUZ, S03, and HC), uncontrolled particulate mass
!°2ain9. particle size distribution of the flyash, combus-
"ble content of the bottom ash and flyash, and boiler
« ]Sencv- Measurements were made at loads repre-
senting 50, 75, and 100% of design capacity, several
excess air levels, and both high- and low-overfire air
pressure settings. Increased overfire air pressures de-
creased particulate loading, CO, and HC. Particulate
reading was 1.0 Ib/million Btu under full-load high-
oyerfire-air conditions. NOx averaged 0.416 Ib/million
Btu (307 ppm> at full load.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Stokers, 'Boil-
ers, industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
r T?U8tion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
D^U monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur trioxide,
•"article size distribution, Efficiency, Combustion, Coal.
£680-212954 PC A06/MF A01
inoustnal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
2JWI Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
w Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment-site H (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
"• J- Tidona, J. E. Cook, W. M. Jackson, and M. G.
he coal, coal size consistency data, and combusti-
b|e analysis data.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Stok-
°rs, Industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
v>mbustion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
sulfur trioxide, Particle size distribution, Coal, Combus-
*». Efficiency.
PB80-212962 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Resesarch Lab., Research
Bangle Park, NC.
fteld Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
!?r Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - site I (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.
JPf-May 79,
KvB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J.- O. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, J. E. Cook, W. M.
Jackson, and J. D. Demont. May 80,122p KVB-4-
15900-544, EPA-600/7-80-136B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
**sociation, Arlington, VA.
^ne Data Supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical in the final
JUphnical report It is intended to provide the necessary
Jtetails to other researchers who are interested in per-
'orrning their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
ment and procedures, interpretations, and conclu-
sions. The final technical report also contains data
summaries not found in the Supplement. The Supple-
ment contains panel board data for each test, detailed
particulate, 02, CO2, NO, SO2, and 803 data, particle
size distribution data, chemical analysis of the coal,
coal size consistency data, and combustible analysis
and overfire air traverse data.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Stok-
ers, Industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Particle size
distribution, Coal, Combustion, Efficiency.
PB80-212970 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site J (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. O. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, W. M. Jackson, and J.
D. Demont. May 80,146p KVB-4-15900-545, EPA-
600/7-80-137B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01 -2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
The Data Supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical in the final
technical report. It is intended to provide the necessary
details to other researchers who are interested in per-
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
ment and procedures, interpretations, and conclu-
sions. The final technical report also contains data
summaries not found in ths supplement. The Supple-
ment contains panel board data for each test, detailed
particulate, O2, CO2, NO, SO2, and SOS data, particle
size distribution data, chemical analysis of the coal,
coal size consistency data, and combustible analysis
and overfire traverse data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Stok-
ers, Industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
Combustion products. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Particle size
distribution, Coal, Combustion, Efficiency.
PB80-212988 PC A1 t/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site K (Data Supplement). Supplement rept.
Oct-Nov 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. 0. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, W. M. Jackson, and J.
D. Demont. May 80,240p KVB-4-15900-548, EPA-
600/7-80-138B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
The Data Supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical In the final
technical report. It is intended to provide the necessary
details to other researchers who are interested in per-
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
ment and procedures, interpretations, and conclu-
sions. The final technical report also contains data
summaries not found in this Supplement. The Supple-
ment contains panel board data for each test, detailed
particulate, O2, C02, CO, NO, N02, S02, and SO3
data, particle size distribution data, chemical analysis
of the coal, coal size consistency data, and combusti-
ble analysis data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Boilers, 'Stok-
ers, Industrial heating, Field tests, Data, Flue gases,
Combustion products. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
Sulfur trioxide, Coal, Combustion, Efficiency, Particle
size distribution.
PB80-213036 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Coal-Fired Utility Boilers, Phase Three Report,
Sensitivity Studies for the Selection of a Revised
Standard. Final rept.,
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Engineering Div.
Andrew J. van Horn, George C. Ferrell, Richard M.
Brandi, and Richard A. Chapma. Jun 79,206p EPA-
600/7-79-215
Contract EPA-68-01-3092
See also report dated Mar 78, Volume I, PB-285 854.
This report summarizes a study of the projected ef-
fects of several potential revisions to the current New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for sulfur diox-
ide (S02) emissions from coal-fired electric utility boil-
ers. The revised NSPS (RNSPS) is assumed to apply
to all coal-fired units with a generating capacity of 25
megawatts or more, beginning operation after 1982. A
principal purpose of this phase of the RNSPS analysis
is to present to decision makers the critical uncertain-
ties that will influence utility costs, coal choices, and
pollution control measures adopted by utilities in re-
sponse to alternative standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Electric
power plants, Boilers, Electric utilities, Environmental
impacts, Economic analysis, Air pollution control,
Standards, Revisions, 'Coal fired power plants, 'New
source performance standards. Air quality.
PB80-213085 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical and Biological Treatment of Thermally
Conditioned Sludge Recycle Liquors. Final rept
Jan69-Mar78,
Burgess and Niple Ltd., Columbus, OH.
Mark B. Heyda, James D. Edwards, and Richard F.
Noland. Jun 80,78p EPA-600/2-80-020
The objective of this research project was to demon-
strate and evaluate the feasibility of treating undiluted
heat treatment liquor prior to Its rerouting back to the
head of the sewage treatment plant. Chemical and bio-
logical treatment processes were studied. Chemical
treatment was effected by the addition of hydrated
lime followed by clarification both in bench-scale facili-
ties and at full-scale in a 3200 gallon reactor. Biologi-
cal treatment was achieved in a 2800 gpd high rate ac-
tivated sludge pilot plant. Heat treatment liquor was
generated by a Zurn heat treatment system, 16 gpm,
at the Mentor, Ohio, wastewater treatment plant.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Thermal properties,
'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge process, Liq-
uids, Feasibility, Calcium oxides, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Clarification, Metals, Phosphorus, Removal,
Heat treatment, Ohio.
PB80-213119 PCA10/MFA01
The RAPS (Regional Afr Pollution Study) Helicop-
ter Air Pollution Measurement Program, St. Louis,
Missouri, 1974-76. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
David T. Mage, Roy B. Evans, Charles Fitzsimmons,
Norman Hester, and Frank Johnson. Dec 79,208p
EPA-600/4-79-078
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of providing measurement of air pollution and
temperature gradient over the St. Louis, Missouri/Illi-
nois, metropolitan area to complement surface meas-
urements of air pollution by the Regional Air Monitoring
System (RAMS) of the Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS). This report describes in detail the helicopter
data collection program and catalogs the missions
flown by date, time, flight pattern and purpose. These
data, collected on magnetic tape, are deposited In the
RAPS data bank maintained by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Sufficient examples are provided,
with figures and tables, to enable the prospective
users of these data to understand the measurements
and their limitations and to facilitate usage of the data
bank.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Temperature inversions,
Data acquisition, Mathematical models, 'Air quality
data, 'Saint Louls(Missouri), Regional air pollution
study, 'Air pollution sampling, Regional air monitoring
system.
December 1983 923
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-213135 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
A Partial Differential Equation Model of Fish Popu-
lation Dynamics and Its Application In Impinge-
ment Impact Analysis. Final rept. Oct 78-Feb 80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Dlv. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
P. A. Hackney, T. A. McDonough, D. LDeAngelis, and
M. E. Cochran. Mar 80,118p TVA-EDT-101, EPA-600/
7-80-068
Sponsored in part by Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
The report gives results of a study to: (1) develop a
mathematical model describing fish populations as a
function of life process dynamics and facilities that
Impose additional mortality on fish populations; and (2)
Improve objective impingement impact prediction. The
model accounts for hatching, growing, and mortality as
functions of time and permits computer simulation of
Impingement impact. It also accounts for the genetic
and environmental heterogeneity effects on the
growth of a cohort of fish. Gizzard shad data collected
By TV A were used to corroborate the model.
Keywords: Intake systems, Impingement, 'Fresh water
fishes, 'Water pollution, Mathematical models, Elec-
tric power plants, Life cycles, Mortality, Reservoirs,
Growth, Survival, Partial differential equations, Age,
Tables(Data), Computer programs, 'Berkley reservoir.
PB80-213143 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Collection and Analysis of Purgeable Organlcs
Emitted from Wastowater Treatment Plants. Final
rept. Jun 78-Mar 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edo D. Pelllzzari, and Linda Little. Mar 80,218p EPA-
600/2-80-017
Contract EPA-68-03-2681
An analytical method was developed for the analysis
of volatile priority pollutants in airstreams passing
through wastewaters using a Tenax GC cartridge In
combination with gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry/computer. A sampling system was designed
and field tested for sampling airstreams passing
through grit chambers and activated sludge systems.
Recovery of the volatile priority pollutants was accom-
plished by thermal desorption, purging with helium Into
a Itquld-nltrogen-cooled nickel capillary trap, and re-
leasing the vapors onto a gas chromatographic
column. Characterization and quantification of the pri-
ority pollutants was accomplished by GC-mass spec-
trometry.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Sewage treatment, Waste water, Mass
spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance, Sampling, Sewage treatment plants.
PB80-213432 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental Sources of Trlchloroethylene Ex-
posure: Source Contribution Factors. Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Dlv.
Myles E. Morse. May 80,75p* EPA-560/11 -80-009
Contract EPA-68-01-5863
This study is intended to assist the Assessment Divi-
sion, Office of Testing and Evaluation of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, In the assessment of
human health risks associated with trichloroethylene
exposure. The levels and frequency of occurrence of
trichloroethylene In the various environmental media
(air, food, and drinking water) have been Identified.
The relative contribution of each of these sources to
an Individual's total daily trichloroethylene uptake is
determined through an exposure/uptake approach. It
Is anticipated that such an approach In combination
with other exposure information can be used In the
support of regulatory decision making under the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA). Available occurrence
data, although limited, Indicate a greater persistence
of trichloroethylene In ground water than in the atmos-
phere or surface water. Numerous instances of trich-
loroethylene occurrence In drinking water (supplied by
aquifers) were cited. The suggested no adverse re-
sponse level was found to be exceeded In all situations
considered above the average value scenario. The
fetus, children and those consuming ethyl alcohol
were subunits of the general population qualitatively
identified as hypersensitive to trichloroethylene.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys. Exposures, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Food, Potable water,
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Public health,
Metabolism, 'Ethylene/trichloro.
PB80-213465 PC A03/MF A01
Support Document: Approaches to Exposure As-
sessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 80,28p EPA-560/11 -80-017
The various activities Involving a chemical (manufac-
turing, processing, use, distribution In commerce, and
disposal) and how the activities lead to exposure ae
described. Environmental releases from these activi-
ties are estimated an integrated with chemical and en-
vironment data, sometime through mathematical mod-
elling, to determine whether there is a potential for oc-
cupational, consumer, or general population exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Assessment, Exposure, Math-
ematical models, Humans, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Consumers, Disposal, Environmental
health, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB80-213523 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Human Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Environ-
mental Health Factor* In Rural Egyptian Commu-
nities. A Report of the U.S.-Egyptlan River Nile
and Lake Nasser Research Project. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
F. DeWolfe Miller. Mohamad Hussein. Khalll H. Mancy,
and Morton S. Hilbert. Jul 80,163p EPA-600/1-80-024
Prepared in cooperation with Alexandria Univ. (Egypt).
Higher Inst. of Public Health.
A survey of common intestinal parasites was complet-
ed in three areas of the Egyptian Nile Valley: The Nile
Delta, Upper Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt. The relo-
cated Nubian population was also Included. The total
sampling Included 15,664 persons in 41 villages. More
than 95% attended and approximately 90% provided a
stool specimen. Environmental health observations
and measures were made in each of the households
from which a family was selected and in the village en-
virons. Sampling within a study site (which included
one or more villages) was designed to provide a proba-
bility of selection. Stool specimens were preserved
and examined for parasites and ova at a central labo-
ratory using the MIFC technique. The findings indicat-
ed a very low prevalence for all helminthic Infections. A
low prevalence of Ancylostoma and the Ascaris infec-
tions was found. Important features such as the
household stable, the zir (a water storage container),
and cooking fuel were evaluated. Considerable Infor-
mation on water and wastewater use was developed.
Also, a review of the available Information on the para-
sitic infections of interest and environmental health
conditions for rural Egypt was compiled for the first
time.
Keywords: 'Egypt, 'Disease vectors, 'Infectious dis-
eases, Parasites, Public health, Rural areas. 'Environ-
mental health.
PB80-213531 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
The Effect of Nltrllotrlacetlc Acid (NTA) on the
Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communi-
ties In Streams. Final rept.,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA.
Thomas L. Bott, Ruth Patrick, Richard Larson, and
Charles Rhyne. Jul 80.167p EPA-600/3-80-050
Grant EPA-R-801951
Communities established in microcosms and ecosys-
tem streams in a greenhouse were exposed to .02-2
mg/l NTA, a range including most expected environ-
mental levels. Higher concentrations were used in
some laboratory and screening experiments. NTA at 2
and 20 mg/l had only slight effects on algal community
structure and function and 2 mg/l protected organisms
from the toxic effects of approximately 100 mlcrog
Cu(-t- +)l. Protection from the toxlclty of 30 microg
Cu(++)/! was also obtained in a 3 month experiment
conducted in ecosystem streams with natural sedi-
ments and more complex communities.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, 'Acetic acid, 'Water
pollution, 'Ecology, 'Streams, Algae, Bacteria,
Copper, Manganese, Chelation, Magnesium, Nitrogen
inorganic compounds. Photochemical reactions, Oxi-
dation, Metabolism, Glucose, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Zinc, Iron, Acetic acid/
nitrilo-tri, Nitrilotriacetic acid, Ecosystems, Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB80-213SS6 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Overview of Foreign Nonferrous Smelter Technol-
ogy,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
A. Christian Worrell, III, and Mary A. Taft. Jun 80,129p
EPA-600/2-80-159
Contract EPA-68-03-2577
Numerous production and pollution control processes
that are not used in the United States are in use or
under development by foreign nonferrous metal pro-
ducers. Although some do not apply to U.S. conditions,
others can reduce pollution, increase production, or
lower costs. Many of these foreign processes are de-
scribed in this report. The descriptions are divided Into
five categories: pyrometallurgical processes, hydrome-
tallurgical processes, electrolytic processes, air pollu-
tion control processes, and water pollution control
processes. If data were available, each process de-
scription includes a discussion of economic, environ-
mental, and energy considerations, as well as a dis-
cussion of the basic operation principles. A detailed
analysis of each process Is not attempted in this
report. For additional information, the reader is re-
ferred to the list of references and bibliography follow-
ing each process description.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smelters, Reviews,
Pyrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy, 'Foreign technolo-
gy, Water pollution control.
PB80-213655 PC A04/MF AOl
Summary of Occupational Radiation Exposure •'
Nuclear Power Plants 1969 through 1977. Final
rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Dlv.
Donald N. Rasch. Aug 79, 55p ORP/TAD-79-11
The report summarizes radiation exposures to workers
at nuclear power plants as reported by the utilities or
other owners for 1969-1977. The report provides an
analysis of occupational exposures at light water reac-
tors to determine if a correlation exists between sucn
exposures and the additional waste management ac-
tivities required due to the installation and operation of
effluent control systems to meet more restrictive dis-
charge limits and environmental standards.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Irradiation, Indus-
trial medicine, Exposure, Radioactive wastes, Utilities,
Public health, 'Occupational safety and hearth, Envi-
ronmental health.
PB80-213846 PC A08/MF A01
Dlmethoat*: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
19 Nov 79,163p* EPA/SPRD-80/32
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for dimeth-
oate. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, envi-
ronmental residues, and health effects including toxi-
cology data. Limited Information is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Sulfur organic compounds, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, foxlcity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Dimethoate,
•Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis. Oncogenesls, Bloac-
cumulation, Phosphorodithioic acid/(dimethyl-esler)-
(N-methyl-carbamoyl-methyl).
924 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-213853 PC A10/MF A01
pibromochloropropane (DBCP): Final Position
Document,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
Jeff Kemper, and Mitchell H. Bernstein. 6 Sep 78,
217p' EPA/SPRD-80/20
The report is a preliminary risk assessment lor dlbro-
rnochloropropane (DBCP). It gives a preliminary exam-
ination of Its use, environmental residues, and health
effects Including toxicology data. Limited Information Is
Provided for exposure and extent of risk. Results of a
literature search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
Toxicology, Fungicides, Residues, Ecology, Labora-
tory animals, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Bromine
•Jjpathlc compounds, Toxlclty, Exposure, Physiological
effects, Regulations, 'Propane/chloro-dlbromo,
Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
rath of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesls, Bloac-
cumulatlon.
PB80-213881 PC A04/MF A01
Undine: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
17 Jan 77.58p* EPA/SPRD-80/43
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for llndane.
it gives a preliminary examination of Its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects Including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited Information Is provided for exposure
*nd extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, "Lln-
ermlnaUon Concerning a Rebuttable Presump-
tion Against Registration of Pesticide Products
Containing 2-<2,4,S-Trlchlorophsnoxy) Proplonlc
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
9 Jul 79,114p' EPA/SPRD-80/52
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for Sllvex.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects Including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information Is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Herbicides, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
lclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
"Silvex, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide res-
idues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesls,
Bioaccumulation, Propionlc acld/2-(2-4-5-trlchloro-
phenoxy).
PB80-213903 PC A04/MF A01
Ethylsne Oxide: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
14 Oct 77,73p* EPA/SPRD-80/40
The report la a preliminary risk assessment for ethyl-
ene oxide. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited Information Is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, 'Ethylene oxide, Residues, Ecology, Lab-
oratory animals, Toxlclty, Exposure, Physiological ef-
fects, Regulations, 'Toxic substances, Health risks,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Oncogenesls, Bioaccumulation.
PB80-213911 PC A06/MF A01
Pronamlde: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
15 Jan 79,88p* EPA/SPRD-80/88
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for prona-
mide. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, envi-
ronmental residues, and health effects Including toxi-
cology data. Limited Information Is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Herbicides, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals,
Amides, Toxlcity, Exposure, Physiological effects,
Regulations, 'Kerb SOW, 'Toxic substances. Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, Benzamide/dich-
loro-N-(dimethyl-propynyl), CAS 23950-58-5.
PB80-213929 PC A05/MF A01
Chlorobenzllate: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
13 Feb 79,88p' EPA/SPRD-80/36
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for chloro-
benzllate. It gives a preliminary examination of its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited information is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
icity, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Chlorobenzilate, 'toxic substances, Health risKs,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, 'Benzillc adic/dich-
loro-(ethyl-ester), CAS 510-15-6.
PB80-213937 PC A05/MF A01
Trlfluralln (Tretlan): Position 1/2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
22 Aug 79,83p* EPA/SPRD-80/21
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for triflura-
lin. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, envi-
ronmental residues, and health effects including toxi-
cology data. Limited information is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Fluorine aliphatic compounds, Herbi-
cides, Amines, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Toxiclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regu-
lations, 'Trtfluralin, 'Toxic substances, Health risks,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Oncogenesls, Bioaccumulation, Benzene amlne/dlnl-
tro-N-N-dlpropyl-trlfluoromethyl.
PB80-214141 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
Hazardous Material Spills and Responses for Mu-
nicipalities. Final rept.,
Allegheny County Sanitary Authority, Pittsburgh, PA.
George A. Brlnsko, Frederick J. Erny, Edward J.
Martin, Andrew P. Pajak, and David M. Jordan. Jul 80,
88pEPA-600/2-80-108
Grant EPA-S-801123
See also report dated Dec 77, PB-276 724. Prepared
In cooperation with Environmental Quality Systems,
Inc., Rockvllle, MO.
The report presents an assessment of the effect of
spills of certain hazardous materials on the operation
of biological wastewater treatment plants. The results
of the report may be used by treatment plant operators
to assess what the effects of potential hazardous ma-
terial spills might be on their plants. The report may be
used by wastewater collection and treatment system
managers as a pattern for the development of contin-
gency plans and approaches to mitigate the adverse
effects of hazardous material spills on the consistent
and effective operation of their systems.
Keywords; 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Sewage treatment, Industrial plants, Metals, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Contingency planning, Chemical ef-
fluents.
PB80-214182 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Fabric Filtration Analyses for Three Utility Boiler
Flyashss. Final rept. Jun 79-May 80,
QCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Dlv.
Hans A. Klemm, John A. Dlrgo, and Richard Dennis.
Sep 80,141pGCA-TR-80-37-G, EPA-600/7-80-157
Contract EPA-88-02-2607
The report gives results of fabric filter analyses of
flyash from three utility boilers. A major aim of the pro-
gram was to augment the present data base for model-
ing fabric filter systems designed to control inhalable
particulate (IP) emissions from coal-fired boilers. Em-
phasis was placed on the determination of K sub 2, the
flyash specific resistance coefficient, and a sub c, a
parameter describing fabric cleanabillty. Fabric filter
design, operating, and performance data were ana-
lyzed with the assistance of utility personnel from Har-
rington and Monticello stations of K sub 2 were made
for flyash produced by the three plants because K sub
2 could not be estimated from field data alone.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Air pollution control, 'Filtration,
Boilers, Electric power plants, Mathematical models,
Analyzing.
PB80-214240 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Government and University ON Shale Directory.
Final rept,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
William N. McCarthy, Jr., and Nicholas Lailas. Mar 80,
162p* EPA-600/9-80-023A,, DOE/RA-0048
Contract EPA-R-807202-01-0
See also PB80-214257.
This directory lists all people in government (federal,
state and local) and universities Involved in scientific,
engineering and management activities related to oil
shale.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Oil shale, 'Personnel, Gov-
ernment employees, Engineers, Scientists, Manage-
ment, National government, State government, Local
government, Universities.
December 1983 925
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-214257 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Government and University OH Shale Telephone
Directory. Final rept,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
William N. McCarthy, Jr., and Nicholas Lailas. Mar 80,
18p* EPA-600/9-80-023B
Contract EPA-R-807202-01-0
See also PB80-214240.
This directory provides an easy to use list of phone
numbers of scientist, engineers and managers in gov-
ernment and universities who are currently involved in
activities relating to oil shale.
Keywords: "Directories. "Oil shale, 'Personnel. Gov-
ernment employees, Engineers, Scientists, Manage-
ment, National government. State government, Local
government, Universities, Telephone exchanges.
PB80-215411 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Testing
Regulations for Chloromethane and Chloroben-
zenes. TSCA Economic Analysis Series,
Mathtech, Inc., Arlington, VA.
David Mayo, Joanne Collins, and Barrett Riordan. Jun
80,147p 2152-185, EPA-560/11 -80-021
Contract EPA-68-01-5864
Support Document for Proposed Health Effects Test
Rule, Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 4.
This report presents the methodology that will be used
for analyzing the economic impact of this and future
test rules. The methodology follows a two-stage ap-
proach. All chemicals are subjected to a Level I Analy-
sis. This analysis consists of evaluating four market
characteristics: demand sensitivity, costs, Industry
structure, and market expectations. The results of the
Level I analysis (along with a consideration of the
costs of the required tests) indicate the potential for
significant adverse economic impacts. Where the Indi-
cation is negative, no further economic analysis Is re-
quired. However, for those chemical substances or
groups where the Level I analysis indicates a potential
for significant economic impact, a more detailed and
comprehensive analysis Is conducted. This Level II
analysis attempts to predict more accurately whether
or not this potential will be realized, and, If so, Its mag-
nitude. The Level I analysis for chloromethane indi-
cates that the proposed health effects test rule will not
impose any significant economic impact on manufac-
turers of chloromethane. For the chlorobenzenes
group, the results of the Level I analysis indicated that
a potential for economic impacts exists; however, the
Level II analysis concludes that the economic impacts
are expected to be minor.
Keywords: "Chloromethanes, 'Chlorobenzenes,
'Regulations, 'Toxicology, Economic impact, Tests,
Economic analysis, Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB80-21S429 PCA04/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of an Electrostatic Preclpltator for
Control of Emissions from a Copper smelter Re-
verberatory Furnace,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Qrady B. Nichols, Joseph D. McCain, James E.
McCormack, and Wallace B. Smith. Jun 80,75p EPA-
600/2-80-151
Grant EPA-R-804762
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-285 935.
This report describes tests to evaluate the perform-
ance of an electrostatic preclpitator installed on a
copper reverberatory furnace. Particle size measure-
ments were made with modified Brink cascade Impac-
tors in order to calculate the ESP fractional efficiency.
The particle size distributions at the inlet and outlet
were both found to be bimodal. The overall mass
median diameter of the inlet distribution was greater
than 10 micrometers. The SRI-EPA computer model
was used to simulate the ESP performance. Values of
the mass collection efficiency were found by instack fil-
ters to be 96.7%, and by cascade impactora to be
98.6%. The computer model predicted an overall effi-
ciency to be 96.8%, which is also the design efficiency.
The paniculate matter was found to be very cohesive
and hygroscopic, and the composition (color) varied
from Impactor stage to stage. There was no evtence of
electrical problems due'to particle resistivity or space
charge.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Air pollution
control equipment, Smelters, Copper, Reverberatory
furnaces, Evaluation.
PB80-215684 PC A21/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis of the Economics of Water Supply In the
Washington Metropolitan Area. Final rept. Sep 78-
Apr 80,
ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
Robert M. Clark, James I. Gillean, W. Kyle Adams, and
James A. Goodrich. Jul 80,483p EPA-600/2-80-136
Contract EPA-68-03-2506
As a result of a controversy arising over available
water supply in the Washington Metropolitan Area, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, administrator
for Region III, requested that a cost analysis of the
water supply system in the Washington, D.C. area be
made. The analysis required a survey of the major
water purveyors within the WMA which draw water
from the Potomac River or have plans to do so in the
near future. The data included in this document pro-
vides the basis for an in-depth analysis of the water
supply situation within the WMA and represents a new
approach in projecting water supply needs through the
year 2050.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water supply, 'Urban
areas, 'Regional planning, 'Water pollution, Sewage
treatment, water distribution, Surveys, Reservoirs,
Water consumption, Dams, District of Columbia, Mary-
land, Virginia, Water conservation,
Demand(Economics), Allocations, Waste water reuse,
Operating costs, Losses, Water storage, Washington
Metropolitan Area.
PB80-215734 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment of After-
burner Combustion Systems. Final rept. Mar 77-Jun
80,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Richard E. Barrett, and Phillip R. Sticksel. Jun 80,125p
IERL-RTP-1081,, EPA-600/7-80-153
Contract EPA-68-02-2629
The report gives results of an environmental assess-
ment of afterburner control systems (fume inciner-
ators). It consisted of a review of available data and lit-
erature, and the planning of a subsequent experimen-
tal program, intended to consist of laboratory and/or
field emission measurements to provide data not pres-
ently available. The report describes the use of exist-
ing data to estimate the potential national usage of af-
terburners based on emissions. It also reports on an
evaluation of field tests data from the files on one local
air pollution control agency. Results of the analyses
show that the average efficiency of in-service after-
burners may be significantly less than that reported in
much of the literature.
Keywords: 'Afterburners, 'Incinerators, 'Air pollution
control, Assessment, Fumes, Combustion, Hydrocar-
bons, Organic compounds, Particles, Field tests, Effi-
ciency, Refuse disposal. Afterburning, Smog, Aero-
sols, Fume incinerators.
PB80-216013 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, Ml.
Phytoplankton Composition and Abundance In
Southern Lake Huron. Final rept. 1974-76,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
E. F. Stoermer, and R. G. Kreis, Jr. Jul 80,398p EPA-
800/3-80-061
Grant EPA-R-803086
Southern Lake Huron contains a diversity of phyto-
plankton assemblage types ranging from assemblages
characteristic of ollgotrophlc waters to those which
usually occur under highly eutrophic conditions. The
offshore waters are generally characterized by oligo-
trophlc associations and most eutrophic associations
are associated with the Saginaw Bay Interface waters.
Under certain conditions, populations which are gener-
ated within Saginaw Bay are found mixed with offshore
assemblages, apparently as a result of passive disper-
sal. The most widely dispersed populations Include
nuisance-producing blue-green algae such as Aphani-
zomenon flos-aquae. During the period of study, floris-
tic modification resulting from inputs from Saginaw Bay
was usually found along the Michigan coast south of
the bay, but cases were noted where greatest effect
was found at stations north of the bay or eastward into
the open lake.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Huron, Phytoplankton, Saginaw Bay, Toxicity, Canada,
Populations, Interfaces, Limnology, Seasonal vari-
ations, Environmental impacts, Distribution(Property),
Sampling, Species diversity, Oligotrophy, Eutrophica-
tion.
PB80-216161 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Metals and Stationary Conventional Com-
bustion Processes: Volume 1. Technical Report
Final rept. May 79-May 80,
Radian Corp., Austin, f X.
Larry O. Edwards, Charles A. Muela, Ralph E. Sawyer,
Carol May Thompson, and Damon H. Williams. Aug 80,
454p RAD-80-202-187-54-23, EPA-600/7-80-155A,,
IERL-RTP-1079
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also Volume 2 dated 25 Apr 80, PB80-216179.
The report gives results of a search of U.S. literature to
identify published information about trace metals and
Stationary Conventional Combustion Processes
(SCCPs). The report summarizes the information
found in the literature and includes specific references.
It summarizes what has been published about ambient
trace metals in air, water, and soils. A survey, reporting
the trace metal concentration in combustible fuels,
identifies coal as the fuel of most concern; generally,
trace metal levels in coal are similar to their crustal
abundances. It reviews conventional combustion tech-
nology. It discusses trace metal flows and partitioning
around various types of boilers and pollution control
devices, and reports data from cited studies. In addi-
tion to coal, the report gives data for oil, municipal
refuse, and wood. It also covers emissions to air,
water, and soil, including trace metal leaching. It docu-
ments the health and environmental effects of trace
metals. Where possible, it assesses specific contribu-
tions from SCCPs. It covers environmental transport
systems, as well as special problems associated with
radioactive metals and SCCPs.
Keywords: 'Trace metals, Combustion products, Alf,
pollution, Water pollution, Fuels, Coal, Air pollution
control, Boilers, Fuel oil, Refuse, Wood, Leaching, En-
vironmental impacts, Radioactive materials, Reviews,
'Stationary sources, Land pollution, Health hazards,
Solid wastes.
PB80-216178 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Metals and Stationary Conventional Com-
bustion Processes: Volume 2. Bibliography. Final
rept May 79-May 80,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Larry O. Edwards, Charles A. Muela, Ralph E. Sawyer,
Carol May Thompson, and Damon H. Williams. Aug 80,
107p RAD-80-202-187-54-23, EPA-600/7-80-155D,,
IERL-RTP-1080
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
See also Volume 2 dated Aug 80, PB80-216161.
The report gives results of a search of U.S. literature to
identify published information about trace metals and
Stationary Conventional Combustion Processes
(SCCPs). It summarizes what has been published
about ambient trace metals in air, water, and soils, and
reviews conventional combustion technology. It dis-
cusses trace metal flows and partitioning around vari-
ous types of boilers and pollution control devices, and
reports data from cited studies. In addition to coal, the
report gives data for oil, municipal refuse, and wood. It
also covers emissions to air, water, and soil, including
trace metal leaching. It documents the health and envi-
ronmental effects of trace metals. Where possible, it
assesses specific contributions from SCCPs. It covers
environmental transport systems, as well as special
problems associated with radlc "
SCCPs.
radioactive metals and
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Radioactive materials, Combustion products,
926 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Goal, Boilers, Fuel oil, Wastes, Refuse, Wood, Leach-
ing, 'Stationary sources. Point sources.
PB80-216237 PC A16/MF A01
Journal Holdings Report -1980.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
information Resources and Services Branch.
May 80,375p* EPA-IRSB-80-10
See also report for 1979, PB80-121171.
The report is the seventh annual Journal Holdings
Report of the EPA Library System. It represents the
Holdings of all EPA Librarian and contains approxi-
mately 3,600 titles and 8,900 holdings.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, 'Catalogs(Publications),
Ubraries, Books, Periodicals, Abstracts. Public health,
'•oils, Subject indexing, Environmental surveys, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Ocean environments, Manage-
ment, Noise pollution, Pesticides, Urban areas,
nants(Botany), Animals, Wastes, Ecology, Authors,
Mediation, National government, 'Union catalogs. En-
vironmental Protection Agency.
PB80-216575 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
vJH.
Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes
Controlling Vapor Movement In Soil. Rept. for 14
Jun74-13Sep76,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
waiter J. Farmer, Ming-Shyong Yang, John Letey, and
William F. Spencer. Aug 80,82p EPA-600/2-80-119
Contract EPA-68-03-2014
Prepared In cooperation with Science and Education
Administration, Riverside, CA.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent, fat-soluable
organic compound of low aqueous solubility present in
jpme Industrial wastes. Transport In water moving
through soil will be negligible but Its long term persist-
wice and appreciable vapor pressure allows signifi-
cant volatilization to occur. Conditions tor soil covers
jnat would control the movement of HCB out of land-
raw-.and other disposal/storage facilities Into the sur-
rounding atmosphere were studied. The volatilization
'luxes of HCB from industrial wastes (hex wastes)
were determined in a simulated landfill under con-
Tolled laboratory conditions. Coverings of water and
Mil were found to be highly efficient in reducing volatil-
«ation. Polyethylene film was less efficient when com-
Pared on a cost basis. Volatilization flux through a soil
cover was directly related to soil air-filled porosity and
was greatly reduced by Increased soil compaction and
water content. An organic liquid phase associated with
™ hex waste was heavier than water and contained
iu i HCB bv weight. The presence of HCB in this
Wid phase creates the potential for rapid transport of
nCB in porous media. A procedure Is proposed for
u«ng the results of this study to design a landfill cover
"Wt will limit the volatilization flux of HCB and other
compounds.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes. 'Coverings, 'Earth fills,
vapors, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Soil chemistry, Vaporizing, Benzene/hexach-
IOro, 'Land disposal, Hazardous materials, 'Liquid
wastes, Toxic substances.
PB80-216724 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Ume Precipitation for Treating
Boiler Tube Cleaning Wastes. Final rept Apr 78-
-*ec 79,
"Htman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
P J. Rogoshewskl, and 0. D. Carstea. Mar 80,114p
EPA-600/7-80-052
Contract EPA-68-02-2684
"The report gives results of an evaluation of lime pre-
cipitation for treating boiler tube cleaning wastes. In
J™s project, wastewater samples were collected from
wx boiler tubeslde chemical cleanings, using complex-
"Jfl and chelating agents. The samples represented:
(1) ammonlacal Cremate/hydrochloric acid, (2) thiou-
rea-hydrochloric acid, (3) hydroxyacetfc-formlc add,
(4) ammoniated citric acid, and (5) ammonlated EDTA
cleaning systems. Wastewater samples were also col-
lected from boiler fireside and air preheater washes. A
treatment methodology was Investigated that involved:
dilution of the boiler tubeslde cleaning wastewater with
a mixture of the fireside and air preheater wash
wastewaters, precipitation with lime, and addition of
polymers for clarification. After settling of the solids,
the supernatant was analyzed for total and dissolved
iron, copper, nickel, zinc, and total suspended solids.
Major variations in testing Included adjustments in pH
and dilution ratio. Results indicate that, on a bench
scale, the treatment methodology effectively reduced
the concentration of iron, copper, and zinc in the tube-
side cleaning wastewater to < 1 mg/l. Attainable
nickel residuals were also < 1 mg/l for wastes from all
except the ammoniated EDTA system, for which nickel
residuals were not < 5 mg/l.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Calcium oxides,
•Boiler tubes, Waste water, Sampling, Clarification,
Polymers, Solutions, Chemical cleaning. Ammonium
halides, Hydrochloric acid, Formic acid, Citric acid,
EDTA, Chelation, Concentratlon(Composltion), Iron,
Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Hydrochloric acld/thlo-urea,
Acetic acid/hydroxy.
PB80-216732 PC A03/MF A01
Toxaphene: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
19 Apr 77,37p* EPA-SPRD-80/55
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for Toxa-
phene. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, en-
vironmental residues, and health effects including toxi-
cology data. Limited information is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Terpenea, Insecticides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals,
Toxiclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Toxaphene, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesti-
cide residues, Path of pollutants, Mirtagenesls, Onco-
genesls, Bioaccumulatlon.
PB80-216740 PC A03/MF A01
Malolc Hydrazlde: Position Document 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
Bipin Gandhi. 28 Oct 77,46p* EPA/SPRD-80/46
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Malelc
hydrazkle. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited Information is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Resits of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds. Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxteity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Maleto hydrazkte,
•Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesls, Bioac-
cumulatlon, Pyridazlne dlones.
PB80-216757 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Effects of Underground Coal Mining on Ground
Water In the Eastern United States. Final rept Sep
76-Sep 79,
Geraghty and Miller, Inc., Annapolis, MD.
Jeffrey P. Sgambat, Elaine A. LaBella, and Sheila
Roebuck. Jun 80,201p EPA-600/7-80-120
Contract EPA-68-03-2467
This report addresses the past effects and the possi-
ble future effects of underground coal mining activities
on ground-water resources in the region east of the
100m meridian. Such effects are highly dependent on
the location of the mine with respect to natural flow
system. Recharge-discharge relationships in the vicini-
ty of active mines may be altered, and lowered ground-
water levels may not recover to pre-mlning conditions
after closure. Studies indicate that contamination of
ground water exists In many places In the Immediate
vicinity of coal mines. Many refuse piles and Impound-
ments likely affect stream and shallow ground-water
quality. From the viewpoint of the value of ground-
water resources, It Is most likely that future under-
ground mining in the Eastern Interior Basin and the
southern Appalachians will result In adverse ground-
water effects In only very limited areas.
Keywords: 'Ground water recharge, 'Mine waters,
'Coal mining, 'Water pollution, Underground mining,
Refuse, Environmental impacts, Hydrogeology, Leach-
ing, Aquifers, Waste disposal, Pennsylvania, West Vir-
ginia, Mine acid drainage, Water levels, Appalachian
RegionfUnited States).
PB80-216773 PC A03/MF A01
Kepone: Position Document 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
19 Aug 76,29p* EPA/SPRD-80/62
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for
Kepone. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited information is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
Icity, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Kepone, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide
residues. Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bfoaccumulation, Cyclobutapentalenone/decach-
lorooctahydro.
PB80-2167B1 PC A03/MF A01
BHC (Benzene hexachlorlde): Position Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
4 Oct 76,45p* EPA/SPRD-80/58
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for BHC in-
secticide. It gives a preliminary examination of its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited information Is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
iclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Benzene/hexachloro, 'Toxic substances, Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sls, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB80-2167M PC A03/MF A01
Pentachloronitrobmzene (PCNB): Position Docu-
ment 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Drv.
26 Jul 77,40p' EPA-SPRD-80/49
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Pen-
tachloronltrobenzene. It gives a preliminary examina-
tion of its use, environmental residues, and health ef-
fects including toxicology data. Limited Information is
provided for exposure and extent of risk. Results of a
literature search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Nltrobenzenes, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
iclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
'Benzene/nltro-pentachloro, 'Toxic substances,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PBBO-216607 PC A03/MF A01
Strychnine and Strychnine Sulfate: Position Docu-
ment 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
Richard D. Schmitt 1 Dec 76,28p' EPA/SPRD-80/15
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for strych-
nine and strychnine sulfate. It gives a preliminary ex-
amination of Its use, environmental residues, and
health effects Including toxicology data. Limited infor-
mation is provided for exposure and extent of risk. Re-
sults of a literature search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxiclty, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Strychnine, 'Toxic
December 1983 927
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of
pollutants, Mutagenesls, Oncogenesls, Bloaccumula-
tion, 'Strych nine sulf ate.
PB80-216B15 PC A04/MF A01
EPN (O-Ethyl-O-p-nltrophsnyl phsnylphoaphon-
othloats): Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
4 Sep 79,70p' EPA/SPRD-80/91
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for EPN In-
secticide. It gives a preliminary examination of its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited Information is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys. 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
Iclty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•EPN Insecticide, 'Toxic substances. Health risks,
Pesticide residues. Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Oncogenesls, Bloaccumulation, Phosphonothiolc
acld/(ethyl-88ter)-(nltrophenyl-ester)-phenyl.
PB80-216623 PC A02/MF A01
Compound 1080 and 1081: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
1 Dec 78,25p* EPA/SPRD-80/11
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for Sodium
Fluoroacetate and Fluoroacetamide. It gives a prelimi-
nary examination of Its use, environmental residues,
and health effects including toxicology data. Limited In-
formt.Jon Is provided for exposure and extent of risk.
Results of a literature search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Fluorine organic compounds, Rodentl-
cldes, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxici-
ty. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Fluoroacetamide, 'Toxic substances, Health risks,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesls,
Oncogenesls, Bloaccumulation, 'Acetic acid/fluoro.
PB80-218831 PC A02/MF A01
FluoroacetBmlde (Compound 1081): Position Doc-
ument 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
28 Fob 80,23p* EPA/SPRD-80/12
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Fluor-
oacetamide. It gives a preliminary examination of Its
use, environmental residues, and hearth effects includ-
ing toxicology data. Limited information is provided for
exposure and extent of risk. Results of a literature
search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Fluorine organic compounds, Rodenti-
ddes. Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxici-
ty, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
•Fluoroacetamide, 'Toxic substances, Health risks,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Oncogenesls, Bloaccumulation.
PB80-216849 PC A04/MF A01
Olallate: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
Apr 80,80p* EPA/SPRD-80/27
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Diallate.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys. 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Sulfur organic compounds, Carbamates,
Chlorine organic compounds, Residues, Ecology, Lab-
oratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure, Physiological ef-
fects, Regulations, 'Diallate, 'Toxic substances,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS
2303-16-4, Carbamic acid/(dichloroallyl-ester)-diiso-
propylthio.
PB80-216856 PC A02/MF A01
Thlophanate-Methyl: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Dlv.
Esther Salto. 1 Dec78,25p* EPA/SPRD-80/01
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Thlo-
phanate. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use,
environmental residues, and health effects including
toxicology data. Limited Information Is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Fungicides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Regulations, Nitrogen
organic compounds, "Thlophanate, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pol-
lutants, Mutagensls, Oncogenesls, Bloaccumulatlon,
Carbamic acid/(phenylene bis
(Iminocarbonothloyl))bl8-(dlmethyf-ester).
PB80-216880 PC A25/MF A01
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
Symposium on Energy and Human Health: Human
Costs of Electric Power Generation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Mar79,580p
Sponsored In part by Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate
School of Public Health.
The six sessions were devoted to: Occupational prob-
lems In coal and uranium mining; Methodological prob-
lems in detecting health effects; Health aspects of
fossil-fueled power plants; Health aspects of transpor-
tation and transmission; Health problems in nuclear
power generation; and Future areas of concern.
Keywords: 'Electric power generation, 'Health,
•Meetings, Coal mining, Uranium, Nuclear power
plants, Solid waste disposal, Radiation hazards, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Proceedings, Occupational
safety and health, Fossil-Fuel power plants, Energy
transports, Uranium mining.
PB80-216922 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
On-Llne Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrosco-
py for Mercury Analysis In OH Shale Oases,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
D. C. Girvin, and J. P. Fox. Jun 80,112p EPA-600/7-
80-130
Contract EPA-68-03-2667
This publication describes the development and initial
testing of instrumentation for continuous on-line ana-
lytical measurement of mercury concentrations in
complex gas streams or in ambient air, in the presence
of smoke, organic vapors, and oil mist from oil shale
processing plants. The technique was Zeeman atomic
absorption spectroscopy. The mercury monitor de-
scribed is not susceptible to Interferences which
plague other methods and thus may be used to char-
acterize mercury emissions on a realtime basis. This
mercury monitor will find immediate application for the
characterization of synfuel and other industrial emis-
sions, mobile source identification, and environmental
health monitoring.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Gas detectors, 'Moni-
tors, Zeeman effect. Atomic spectroscopy, Design,
Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution detection,
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Indoor air pollution.
PB80-217243 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos-Containing Materials In School Build-
ings: Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance
Program. Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. P. Brantly, Jr., and D. E. Lentzen. Aug 80,32p EPA-
560/13-80-23
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
EPA has Initiated a quality assurance (QA) program for
laboratories claiming capability in the polarized light
microscope (PLM) analysis of bulk samples for asbes-
tos. Commercial and non-commercial laboratories par-
ticipating In the program received samples of four fi-
brous materials: chrysotile, anthophylllte, fiberglass,
and mineral wool. Laboratories had difficulty identify-
ing anthophylllte and two false positives were reported
for the mineral wool sample. All laboratories property
Identified chrysotile. A performance rating based on
proper Identification of positive (asbestos) and nega-
tive (non-asbestos) samples was scored for and re-
ported to the commercial laboratories. Reference re-
ports were sent to all participating laboratories. Con-
tinuation of the program with future sample sets Is an-
ticipated.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Measurement, School build-
Ings, Quality assurance, Serpentine, Glass fibers, Min-
eral wool, Laboratory tests, Amphiboles, Anthophylllte.
PB00-217276 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Helena, MT.
Economic Alternatives to Tepee Burners tor tns
Disposal of Wood Residue In Montana. Final rept.,
Geomet, Inc., Galthersburg, MD.
Michael B. Harrington, Patricia O. Tlerney, and
Demetrios J. Moschandreas. 15 May 80,138p
GEOMET-ESF-820, EPA-908/1 -80-001
Contract EPA-68-01-4144
Sponsored In part by Montana State Dept. of Health
and Environmental Sciences, Helena.
During the spring of 1980, there were still over 30
tepee burners operating within the State of Montana.
Though these burners are useful to sawmills still em-
ploying them, the burners are expensive to operate,
consistently violate Montana's air quality rules, and are
an extremely wasteful method for disposing of an In-
creasingly valuable natural resource. This study was
conducted to determine the problems facing mills em-
ploying tepee burners that might prevent them from
shifting away from the burning of wood residues to-
wards marketing them, and to determine steps that the
State of Montana and/or the U.S. Government mlgnt
take to encourage that shift without levying an undue
hardship on these mills or the forest products Industry.
Keywords: 'Wood wastes, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air
pollution abatement, Sawmills, Substitutes, Incentives,
Marketing, Montana, 'Tepee burners, Wood products
industry.
PB80-217342 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Coal Prshsatsr.
Final rept. Mar 78-Mar 80,
York Research Corp., Stamford, CT.
T. K. Sutherland, J. P. Bilotti, and E. M. Whitlock. May
80,166p EPA-600/2-80-082
Contract EPA-68-02-2819
This report evaluates emissions associated with a coal
preheater system. The primary objectives of the study
were to: Characterize particulate and organic emis-
sions from the coal preheater system; Identify and
quantify polycyclic organic materials (POM) which may
be present in the emissions; Relate emission charac-
teristics to the processing conditions of the preheater
system.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Heating equipment,
Coal, Scrubbers, Dust, Particles, Air pollution, Polycy-
clic compounds, Organic compounds, Performance
tests, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Particulates,
Stationary sources, Cerchar coal preheater.
PB80-217649 PC A02/MF AOl
Evaluation of the Contamination Effects of Dlessl
Exhaust on a Critical Flow Sample System. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Eugene Danielson. May 80,14p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-12
Testing has been conducted to determine (1) the ef-
fectiveness of complete diluted diesel exhaust stream
filtering in preventing contamination of a CFV sample
system, and (2) the effect of this filtering on diesel gas-
eous emission measurements. Contamination was
evaluated by observing the repeatability of gaseous
emissions measurements from a gasoline vehicle
which was operating between each of several diesel
test sequences.
928 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Diesel engines, "Critical flow, Contamina-
tion, Gas sampling, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Filtra-
tion, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Tests.
PB80-217680 PC A04/MF A01
REDEQL.EPAK: Aqueous Chemical Equilibrium
Computer Program. Rept. for Jul 77-Nov 79,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sara E. Ingle, James A. Keniston, and Donald W.
Schults. May 80,67p* EPA-600/3-80-049
See also report for Jul 75-Jul 77, PB-280 149.
This user's guide is a companion to the previously pub-
lished report A User's Guide for REDEQL.EPA which
explains the use of a computerized chemical equilibri-
um program for metals and ligands in aqueous sys-
tems. Changes in this guide include temperature cor-
rection for equilibrium constants and activity coeffi-
cients, calculations of degree of saturation for selected
solids, attainment of an electrically neutral solution,
and the use of an adsorption routine. Use of the pro-
gram including these modification is illustrated with a
sample case of river water. Also included in the guide
are sample input data sheets and illustrations of redox
reactions under various pH and redox conditions.
Keywords: 'Chemical equilibrium, 'Water chemistry,
Limnology, Manuals, Solutions, Metals, Complex com-
pounds, Adsorption, REDEQL computer program.
PB80-217698 PC A02/MF A01
independent Coastdown Road Load Power Deter-
mination for Ten Diverse Production Vehicles.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Terry Newell. Aug 80,13p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-15
As part of the continuing effort by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to verify the integrity and ac-
curacy of alternative determinations of dynamometer
power absorber (PAU) settings, a test program involv-
ing ten various production vehicles was conducted.
The objective of this program was to determine the ap-
propriateness of the dynamometer PAU settings, sub-
mitted to EPA by the vehicle manufacturers as part of
the 1979 model year certification process, for produc-
tion vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles. 'Performance tests, 'Dyna-
mometers, Power factor, Force, Velocity, Power meas-
urement, Motor vehicles(1979 models), Vehicle certifi-
cation.
PB80-217706 PC A02/MF A01
Acutely Lethal Levels of Cadmium, Copper, and
Zinc to Adult Male Coho Salmon snd Steelhead.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. Western
Fish Toxicology Station.
Gary A. Chapman, and Donald G. Stevens. 1978, 5p
EPA-600/J-78-172
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, V107 n6p837-840 1978.
Flow-through acute toxicity tests of cadmium, copper,
and zinc were conducted with adult male coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) and adult male Steelhead
(Salmo gairdneri).
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Salmon, 'Trout, Cadmium,
Copper, Zinc, Dosage, Mortality, Alkalinity, Compari-
son, Reprints, 'Oncorhynchus Kisutch, 'Salmo gaird-
nori.
PB80-217714 PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations for Inorganics:
Part S. Joumalarticle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
§H
Thomas J. Sorg, and Gary S. Logsdon. Jul 80,13p
EPA-600/J-80-042
See also Part 3, PB-292 533. Pub. in Jnl. of the Ameri-
can Water Works Association, p411 -422 Jul 80.
The fifth in a series summarizing existing treatment
technology to meet the InorganicNational Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations, this report describes
current methods for removing barium and radionu-
clides from drinking water.
Keywords: 'Barium, 'Potable water, 'Water treatment,
Inorganic compounds, Regulations, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Radio, Public health,
Dosage, pH, Coagulation, Water wells, Removal, Ion
exchanging, Calcium oxides, Flow charting, Drinking
water.
PB80-217722 PC A02/MF A01
Response of Microorganisms to Hot Crude Oil
Spills on a Subarctic Taiga Soil. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Elena B. Sparrow, Charlotte V. Davenport, and Ronald
C. Gordon. 1978,16p EPA-600/J-78-173
Text in English; summary In French. Pub. in ARCTIC,
v31 n3 p324-336 Sep 78. Prepared in cooperation with
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst. of Water Resources.
This study was conducted on the short-term effects of
seasonal spills of hot Prudhoe Bay crude oil on micro-
organisms in a taiga soil in interior Alaska.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Ecology, 'Oil pollution,
Crude oil, Alaska, Seasonal variations, Winter, Bacte-
ria, Yeasts, Fungi, Prudhoe Bay, Environmental im-
pacts, Alaska, Tundra, Oil spills, Frozen soils, Taiga.
PB80-217730 PC A02/MF A01
The Impact of Broadly Applied Effluent Phospho-
rus Standards on Eutrophlcatlon Control. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Jack H. Gakstatter, A. F. Bartsch, and Clarence A.
Callahan. 27 Jul 78,5p EPA-600/J-78-174
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v14 n6 pl155-
1158 Dec 78.
The potential trophic benefits to lakes and reservoirs
of a 1-mg/l and zero-discharge total phosphorus efflu-
ent standard for municipal sewage treatment plants
were examined by using two phosphorus mass bal-
ance models. The analysis included 255 lakes and res-
ervoirs receiving municipal sewage treatment plant ef-
fluents and located in the eastern half of the United
States.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
•Reservoirs, Mathematical models, Standards, Nutri-
ents, Algal, Concentratlon(Composition), 'Eutrophica-
tlon, Trophic level.
PB80-217748 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Infiltration Control to Achieve Mine Water
Pollution Control: The Dents Run Watershed Dem-
onstration Project. Final rept. Jun 71-Jan 79,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
John 0. Robbins. Jun 80,190p EPA-600/7-80-128
Contract EPA-68-03-2586
Prepared by Robins and Associates, Mechanicsburg,
PA.
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ef-
fectiveness of surface mined land reclamation meas-
ures in establishing surface water infiltratin control to
prevent or reduce pollution from acid mine drainage.
The Dents Run watershed, located in Monongalla
County, West Virginia, was the site selected for the
study. The project was Initiated with a comprehensive
field investigation of the watershed to locate and char-
acterize each mine site and underground mine open-
Ing.
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Drainage, 'Surface waters,
'Water pollution control, 'Land reclamation, Fluid infil-
tration, Watershed, Subsurface structures,
Mlnes(Excavattons), Sites, Openings, West Virginia,
•Mine acid drainage, Monongalia County(West Virgin-
ia).
PB80-21775S PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
A Study of Emissions from 1876-1978 Ught-Duty
Trucks. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Mar 80,859p EPA-460/3-80-008
Contract EPA-68-032739
Emission tests were performed on a sample of light-
duty trucks operating In Denver, Phoenix, Los Angeles
and St. Louis. A total of 1,495 vehicles were tested:
375 in Denver, Phoenix and Los Angeles, and 370 in
St. Louis. Model years 1975 through 1979 were tested
in all cities. The St. Louis sample also included twenty
diesel-powered trucks. The purpose of this program
was to gather Information for use in calculations and
projections of air quality, a review of the EPA Vehicle
Certification process and evaluation of current and
possible vehicle Inspection/Maintenance programs.
The St. Louis vehicles were subjected to the 1979
Federal Test Procedure with methane measurement,
the EPA Highway Fuel Economy Test, the Federal
Short Cycle Test, the Two Speed Idle Test and the
Federal Three Mode Test. In addition, modal tests
using the Surveillance Driving Sequence were per-
formed on 166 vehicles including the diesel powered
trucks. The Evaporative Emission Test using the
SHED Technique was performed on 100 vehicles.
Twenty-five vehicles also underwent an additional test
sequence under low temperature conditions. This was
comprised of a replicate 1979 Federal Test Procedure,
Highway Fuel Economy Test and the Three Short
Tests. The vehicles tested in Denver, Phoenix and Los
Angeles were subjected to only the Two-Speed Idle
Test and the Federal Three-Mode Test.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust
emissions, Performance evaluation, Inspection, Ex-
haust gases, Air pollution, Colorado, California, Arizo-
na, Missouri, Tables(Data), Light duty vehicles,
Denver(Colorado), PhoenixfArizona), Los
Angeles(California), Saint Louis(Missouri), Motor vehi-
cles^? 5 models), Motor vehicles(1976 models),
Motor vehicles(1977 models), Motor vehicles(1978
models), Motor vehlcles(1979 models).
PB80-217979 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1979. Volume 3. Dolores River Basin, Green River
Basin, and San Juan River Basin. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Apr 80,453p USGS/WRD/HD-80-049, USGS-WDR-
CO-79-3
See also Volume 3 for Water Year 1978, PB80-
119969.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1979 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, 93 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 200 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
143 gaging stations and 130 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Dolores River, Green River, San Juan River,
•Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-217987 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Collection and Interpretation of Level 1 IR and
LRMS Data. Final rept. Oct 78-Jul 80,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
Alvia Gaskill, Jr., and William F. Gutknecht. Sep 80,
284pEPA-600/2-80-177
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
The report gives results of an evaluation of approach-
es to measurement and interpretation of infrared (IR)
and low resolution mass spectra (LRMS) taken by four
EPA contractors, following Level 1 environmental as-
sessment program guidelines. The evaluation involved
supplying each contractor with test spectra and sam-
ples for analysis and interpretation. Using IR, the con-
tractors identified 55-85 percent of the structural moie-
ties present In the various samples or indicated by the
various test spectra, with 85 percent being approxi-
mately the maximum attainable. Error sources in IR
measurement included analyst-to-analyst variation in
signal location of + or - 5-10 wave numbers and failure
to optimize signal intensity through proper loading of
the salt plates or KBr pellets. IR interpretation errors
December 1983 929
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
disclosed were errors of omission and assignment.
The contractors identified 50-90 percent of the com-
pound classes represented using LRMS. LRMS inter-
pretation errors disclosed were failure to find molecu-
lar ions, reporting molecular ions as fragment ions and
vice versa, incorrectly identifying molecular ions, and
Incorrectly assigning ions to homologous series.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Infrared spectrosco-
py, Chemical analysis, Evaluation, Interpretation,
Spectroscopic analysis, Low resolution mass spec-
troscopy.
PB80-217995 PC A02/MF A01
Biliary Excretion and Tissue Distribution of Cad-
mium-109 Administered to Rats. Project rept,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Anita A. Mullen, and Robert E. Mosley. Aug 80,17p
EPA-600/3-80-085
The difference in the excretion of cadmium in urine
and feces was measured in rats with either ligated or
Intact bile ducts. Three days following a single oral-ad-
ministration of cadmium-109 plus stabe cadmium chlo-
ride, 0.004 percent of the dose was excreted in the
urine of rats with intact bile ducts, while 0.05 percent
was excreted in urine of rats with ligated bile ducts.
While 82 percent of the dose was excreted via the
feces of intact rats, 71 percent was recovered in feces
from rats with ligated bile ducts. The amount of the
dose recovered in tissue was 13 percent for intact rats
and 30 percent for ligated rats. Following intravenous
administration of cadmium, rats with intact bile ducts
excreted about 0.5 percent of the dose in urine versus
2 percent for rats with ligated bile ducts. About 8 per-
cent of the dose was excreted via the feces of rats with
intact bile ducts compared to only about 0.6 percent by
ligated rats. The amount of the dose recovered in the
tissues was 91 and 96 percent respectively for intact
and ligated rats. The liver appeared to be the primary
organ of concern during the course of this study, al-
though cadmium was also retained in the kidneys and
bone.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Biliary system, Radiobiology,
Tlssues(Biology), Indicator species, Animal species,
Animal physiology, Distribution, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Rats, Excretion, Labora-
tory animals, Urine, Feces, Bile ducts,
Ingestion(Biology), Parenteral infusions, Bioindicators,
'Bloaccumulation.
PB80-218050 PC A04/MF A01
Summary and Analysis of Comments Received In
Response to Draft EPA Procedures for the Meas-
urement of Tire Rolling Resistance and Subse-
quent Grading and Labeling of Tires. Technical
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Jul 80,74p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-14
As the initial step in developing a standardized accept-
able test procedure for measuring tire rolling resist-
ance EPA prepared a technical report, Determination
of Tire Energy Dissipation-Analysis and Recommend-
ed Practices, in April 1978. This report and its draft rec-
ommended practice for determining tire energy dissi-
pation was circulated to the automotive and tire Indus-
tries with a request for comments. The comments re-
ceived were compiled and analyzed In a subsequent
EPA technical report, Summary and Analysis of Com-
ments Received In Response to the EPA Report, De-
termination of Tire Energy Dissipation, Analysis and
Recommended Practices, which was released in Janu-
ary 1979. As a result of this first analysis of comments
the proposed recommended practice for determina-
tion of tire energy dissipation was substantially revised.
This revised draft test procedure, together with a draft
proposal for guarding and labeling of tires for rolling re-
sistance was again distributed with a request for com-
ments to the automobile and tire industries in April
1980. This report presents, summarizes and analyzes
the comments received in response to the April 1980
distribution of the Draft EPA Recommended Practice
for Determination of Tire Rolling Resistance Coeffi-
cients and the Draft EPA Recommended Practice for
Grading and Labeling of Tires for Fuel Efficiency.
Keywords: 'Tires, 'Rolling friction, Performance tests,
Fuel consumption, Tolerances(Mechanics). Dynamo-
meters.
PB80-218266 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems: Sys-
tems Overview Manual. Report for Sep 78-79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Robert Larkin. Jan 80,164p EPA-600/8-80-005
Contract EPA-68-02-2699
Supersedes PB-286 004.
The report is a systems overview manual and technical
reference guide for the Environmental Assessment
Data Systems (EADS), a group of related computer-
ized data bases which describe multimedia discharges
from energy systems and industrial processes. The
EADS have been designed to aid researchers in envi-
ronmental assessment, source characterization, and
control technology development. The EADS data
bases are categorized as either waste stream data
bases or reference data bases, and the report de-
scribes in detail the structure and data content of each
category. Separate user guides will be issued for each
data base component of the EADS. This report ad-
dresses the purpose and scope of the EADS and dis-
cusses the component data bases from an engineer-
ing (rather than computer) viewpoint. The Systems
Overview Manual provides the user with a general
knowledge of the contents and capabilities of the
EADS. Specific instructions on the use of each data
base are given in the individual user guides. This report
also contains program library abstracts for available
user software.
Keywords: 'Information systems, Systems analysis,
'Environmental assessment data systems, Data
bases, Environmental impact assessments, Pollution
control.
PB80-218613 PC A05/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Support Studies In Fluidlzed-Bed Combustion.
Annual rept. Oct 78-Sep 79,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
Irving Johnson, K. M. Myles, W. M. Swift, S. H. D. Lee,
and 1 A. Shearer. Aug 80, 81o ANL-CEN-FE-79-14,
EPA-600/7-80-156, ,1ERL-RTP-1082
Contract W31 -109-ENG-38
See also PB80-112758.
The report gives results of working in support of devel-
opment studies for atmospheric and pressurized fluid-
ized-bed coal combustion. Laboratory and process de-
velopment studies are aimed at providing needed in-
formation on limestone utilization, removal of particu-
lates and alkali metal compounds from the flue gas,
control of SO2 and trace pollutant emissions, the
mechanism of attrition in fluidized beds, a method of
determining the attrition resistance of sorbents, and
other aspects of f luidized-bed coal combustion.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Coal, 'Air pol-
lution control, Fluidized bed processing. Calcium
oxides, Particles, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides, Alkali
metals, Fluidizing, Calcium carbonates, Leaching, Sor-
bents, Granular materials, Filters, Comminution.
PB80-218621 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
An Analysis of Alternative Policies for Dealing
with New Source Growth In Nonattalnment Areas:
Oxldants. Study Area: Houston-Galveston AQCR.
Final rept. 1976-87.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 80,179p EPA/OPE/EAD-80-02
Contract EPA-68-01-5042
This study evaluates the potential of five air pollution
control strategies to meet ozone attainment deadlines
in Houston-Galveston. The scenarios analyze: (1) pre-
1979 regulations, (2) A State Implementation Plan
(SIP) based on Reasonable Available Control Technol-
ogy (RACT), (3) A RACT SIP which requires emission
offsets for new sources, (4) A RACT SIP which allows
no major source construction after 1979, and (5) A SIP
which bans construction after 1979 and requires exist-
ing sources to retrofit with Lowest Achievable Emis-
sions Rate (LAER) technology.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollu-
tion, Air pollution control, Oxidizers, Policies, Forecast-
ing, Scenarios, *Houston(Texas), *Galveston(Texas),
Stationary sources. Clean Air Act, Reasonable avail-
able control»technology, Point sources, Mobile
sources.
PB80-218639 PC Ap8/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
An Analysis of Alternative Policies for Dealing
with New Source Growth In Nonattalnment Areas:
Oxldants. Study Area: Philadelphia AOCR. Final
rept. 1976-87.
Engineering-Science. Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 80,170p EPA/OPE/EAD-80/01
Contract EPA-68-01-5042
This study evaluates the potential of five air pollution
control strategies to meet ozone attainment deadlines
in Philadelphia. The scenarios analyze: (1) pre-1979
regulations, (2) A State Implementation Plan (SIP)
based on Reasonable Available Control Technology
(RACT), (3) A RACT SIP which requires emission off-
sets for new sources, (4) A RACT SIP which allows no
major source construction after 1979, and (5) a SIP
which bans construction after 1979 and requires exist-
ing sources to retrofit with Lowest Achievable Emis-
sions Rate (LAER) technology.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollu-
tion, Air pollution control, Policies, Forecasting, Sce-
narios, 'Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Stationary
sources, Clear Air Act, Reasonable available control
technology, Mobile sources, Point sources.
PB80-218647 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
An Analysis of Alternative Policies for Dealing
with New Source Growth In Nonattalnment Areas:
Oxides of Nitrogen. Study Area: Philadelphia
AQCR. Final rept. 1976-87
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 80,90p EPA/OPE/EAD-80/03
Contract EPA-68-01 -5042
This study evaluates the potential of five air pollution
control strategies to meet Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) at-
tainment deadlines in Philadelphia. The scenarios ana-
lyze: (1) pre-1979 regulations, (2) A State Implementa-
tion Plan (SIP) based on Reasonable Available Control
Technology (RACT), (3) A RACT SIP which requires
emission offsets for new sources, (4) A RACT SIP
which allows no major source construction after 1979,
and (5) A SIP which bans construction after 1979 and
requires existing sources to retrofit with Lowest
Achievable Emissions Rate (LAER) technology.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution abatement,
Air pollution, Air pollution control, Policies, Forecast-
ing, Scenarios, 'Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Point
sources, Stationary sources, Clean Air Act, Reasona-
ble available control technology, Mobile sources.
PB80-218779 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Cadillac Proto-
type with Modulated Displacement Engine. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Apr 80,15p EPA-AA-TEB-80-
The deactivation of one or more engine cylinders is a
method that has been proposed as offering potential
for vehicle fuel economy improvements. At Tow power
output, the throttle is nearly closed. This introduces a
throttling loss, which is the energy that the engine must
expend to draw the fuel/air mixture through the carbu-
retor throttle opening. By operating an engine on a re-
duced number of cylinders and operating these cylin-
ders at higher power levels, the throttling losses are
appreciably reduced. The operating cylinders are
therefore run at a high brake-mean-effective pressure
(BMEP) and therefore potentially more efficiently. A
cylinder deactivation system is being considered for
use in several 1981 Cadillac models. Other cylinder
deactivation systems are currently under development
in the United States. Because EPA had not recently
tested a cylinder deactivation system designed for cur-
rent vehicles, EPA contacted the Cadillac Motor Divi-
sion of GM and requested the loan of a vehicle with a
cylinder deactivation system installed. Cadillac made
available a system installed in a prototype vehicle.
930 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Exhaust gases, Air pollution, Throttling,
Carburetors, Fuel systems, Cadillac automobiles,
Motor vehicles(1979 models).
PB80-218969 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Theoretical Analysis _ . _..
In a M«tharw/Alr Turbulent Diffusion Flam*. Final
A Theoretical Analysis of Nitric Oxide Production
rept. Jan 78-Apr 79,
TRW Defense and !
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
Frank E. Marble, and James E. Broadwell. Jan 80,72p
EPA-600/7-80-018
Contract EPA-68-02-2613
Prepared in cooperation with California Inst. of Tech.,
Pasadena.
The report gives results of a theoretical analysis of
nitric oxide production in a methane/air turbulent diffu-
sion flame. In the coherent flame model used, the
chemical reactions take place in laminar flame ele-
ments which are lengthened by the turbulent fluid
motion and shortened when adjacent flame segments
consume intervening reactant. The rates with which
methane and air are consumed and nitric oxide gener-
ated in the strained laminar flame are computed nu-
merically in an independent calculation. The model
predicts nitric oxide levels of approximately 80 ppm at
the end of the flame generated by a 30.5 cm (1 ft) di-
ameter Jet of methane issuing at 3050 cm/sec (100 ft/
sec). This level varies directly with the fuel jet diameter
and inversely with the )et velocity. A possibly important
nitric oxide production mechanism, neglected in the
analysis, can be treated in a proposed extension to the
model.
Keywords: 'Flames, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Combus-
tion, Air pollution, Turbulence, Diffusion flames, Mathe-
matical models, Methane, Shear flow.
PB80-219074 PC A03/MF A01
Observations of Flow Around Cinder Cone Butte,
Idaho. Fluid modeling rept. no. 9,1 Oct 79-29 Fob 80,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
. Snyder, Robert E. Lawson, Jr., Roger S.
on, and George C. Holzworth. Aug 80,37p
EPA-600/7-80-150
P/epared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A preliminary one-week flow-visualization study was
conducted on a 100 m high, isolated hill in a flat, broad
Tver basin. Limited meteorological observations were
made to aid in the interpretation of the flow-visualiza-
tion results. The site was judged to be well-suited for
the first phase of extensive studies to gain understand-
ing of the physical mechanisms governing flow and dif-
fusion of pollutants in complex terrain, in particular,
Plume impingement under stable flow conditions.
Keywords: 'Wind(Meteorology), 'Flow visualization,
Air pollution, Hills, Atmospheric diffusion, Terrain,
flumes, Impingement, Cleanng, Stratification, Recom-
mendations, Instrumentation, Idaho, 'Cinder Cone
Butte.
fB80-2190»0 PC A05/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Truck Washing Terminal Water Pollution Control.
final rept. 1976-79,
Matlack, Inc., Lansdowne, PA.
John E. O'Brien. Jun 80,93p EPA-600/2-80-161
Grant EPA-S-803656-01
A laboratory and pilot-scale investigation of a treat-
ment sequence, including physical, chemical, and bio-
logical treatment steps led to a full-scale installation
for the treatment of tank truck washing wastewater.
The system included gravity separation, equalization,
neutralization, dissolved air flotation, mixed-media fil-
tration, carbon adsorption, and biological treatment.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Tank trucks, *Water
Pollution control. Cleaning, Ozone, Gravity concentra-
tors. Separators, Filtration, Cost analysis, Neutraliza-
tion, Flotation, Oils, Removal, Biodeterioration, Dela-
ware River, Greases, Toxicity, Organic compounds,
Adsorption.
PB80-219108 PC AQ3/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
Effects of Chloroform In the Drinking Water of
Rats and Mice: Ninety-Day Subacute Toxicity
Study. Final rept. on Phase 1,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Ted A. Jorgenson, and Carol J. Rushbrook. Jul 80,46p
EPA-600/1-80-030
Contract EPA-68-03-2616
This research was initiated to provide toxicologic and
range finding data sufficient for setting dose levels for
the chronic phase testing of chloroform In drinking
water of male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. A 90-day subchronlc study was de-
signed to investigate the effects of chloroform in drink-
ing water at levels of 200, 400, 600, 900, and 1800
ppm In both the rats and mice, and 2700 ppm level In
the mice. Body weights, water consumption, chloro-
form concentration in blood serum, kidney fat-to-
kidney weight ratios (for rats), liver fat-to-liver weight
ratios (in mice), and gross and microscopic pathology
findings were examined. Results showed that the body
weights of both rats and mice receiving the high chlo-
roform levels were affected by treatment, but the var-
iances were low and the mice body weights returned to
that of controls after one week. There was no effect on
the percentage of kidney fat (rats) but a significant in-
crease in liver fat (mice) was seen in the 2700 ppm
group. Data in this study indicated that all chloroform
levels examined in the 90-day study are acceptable for
use in the chronic study.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Chloroform, 'Potable water,
Bioassay, Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals, Dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Body weight, Blood
serum, Kidney, Liver, Pathology, 'Toxic substances,
Drinking water.
PB80-219116 PCA08/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Considerations for a Thermal Decomposi-
tion Analytical System,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
Wayne A. Rubey. Aug 80,161p EPA-600/2-80-098
Grant EPA-R-805117-01 -0
Controlled high-temperature incineration is one of the
most promising methods for obtaining safe and perma-
nent disposal of highly toxic organic wastes. A sophis-
ticated laboratory system has been designed and as-
sembled to provide fundamental thermal decomposi-
tion data on a wide assortment of organic materials.
This thermal decomposition analytical system (TDAS)
is a specially designed, closed, continuous system
consisting of a versatile and fully instrumented thermal
decomposition unit which is connected to dedicated in-
line gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and
data reduction equipment. The TDAS has been de-
signed to generate fundamental thermal decomposi-
tion data rapidly, economically, and safely. These labo-
ratory data should be instrumental in establishing ac-
ceptable criteria for controlled high-temperature incin-
eration of toxic organic wastes.
Keywords: 'Decomposition reactions, 'Laboratory
equipment, Organic compounds, Furnaces, Gas analy-
sis, Design, Incinerators, Liquid wastes, Solid wastes,
'Toxic substv.. ices.
PB80-219124 PC A04/MF A01
Environmenal Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Determination of Atmospheric Phosphorus Addi-
tion to Lake Michigan. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-MiTwaukee. Center for Great Lakes
Studies.
S. J. Eisenreich, P. J. Enroling, and A. M. Beeton. Jul
80,63p EPA-600/3-80 063
Grant EPA-R-803238
Bulk precipitation was collected on a monthly basis in
the Lake Michigan basin for 18 months during 1975-
1976 to determine atmospheric P loadings to Lake
Michigan. The sampling network consisted of bulk col-
lectors at 23 land stations and 2 in-lake buoys located
off urban and rural areas. Annual TP loading to Lake
Michigan for 1976 based on loading rates of 0.184 and
0.303 micrograms/sq cm/mo for the north and south
basins, respectively was 1.69x10 to the 6th power kb/
year, representing approx. 16% of the total P budget.
North and south basins showed different TP loading
properties with approx. 62% depositing In the south
basin. Seasonal variations in loading rates showed
maxima in late spring and early summer, and minima in
winter.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Phosphorus,
'Pollution, 'Lake Michigan, Rainfall, Buoys, Urban
areas, Rural areas, Seasonal variations, Atmospheric
loading, Dryfall.
PB80-219249 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental/Engineering Support for EPA's FBC
Program: Final Report. Volume II. Paniculate, Ni-
trogen Oxide, and Trace Element Control. Final
rept. Dec 75-Dec 78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
D. F. Ciliberti, M. M. Ahmed, N. H. Ulerich, M. A. Alvin,
and D. L. Keairns. Jan 80,181p EPA-600/7-80-015B
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also Volume 1, PB80-188402, and Volume 3,
PB80-219256.
The report gives results of an investigation of particu-
late, NOx, and trace element control for atmospheric
and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) sys-
tems used with coal. A model, developed previously to
project the loading and size distribution of particulate
emissions from FBC systems, was used to permit an
integrated analysis of particle control options for FBC.
An experimental 150 scf/sec high-temperature/-pres-
sure particulate control test facility, treating simulated
flue gas, was constructed and shaken down to permit
investigation of alternative particulate control devices.
Available data on NOx emissions from FBC, and on
NOx formation and decomposition, are reviewed to
identify significant FBC operating parameters affecting
NOx emissions, and to assess formation/decomposi-
tion mechanisms that may be controlling In FBC. The
previous thermodynamlc projections of trace element
emissions from FBC were expanded to include alumi-
num, iron, titanium, cobalt, chromium, manganese,
molybdenum, and nickel. These projections provide a
first-level approximation of the distribution of volatile
and condensed phases of compounds of these metals
in FBC effluent streams.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
essing, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Nitro-
gen oxides, Trace elements, Particle size distribution,
Metals, Design criteria, Electric power plants, Perform-
ance evaluation.
PBBO-219256 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental/Engineering Support for EPA's FBC
Program: Final Report Volume III. Solid Residue
Study. Final rept. Jan 77-Dec 78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
C. C. Sun, C. H. Peterson, and D. L. Keairns. Jan 80,
230p EPA-600/7-80-015C
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also Volume 2, PB80-219249.
The report gives results of experimental studies of the
leaching properties and thermal activity of solid resi-
dues from the fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) of coal.
Means for processing the residues, to reduce the envi-
ronmental impact of their disposal, are also studied.
Previous leaching and thermal activity tests were ex-
panded to include residues from additional experimen-
tal FBC units, including both atmospheric and pressur-
ized systems. Leaching tests were conducted on both
untreated residues and residue samples processed
into a cement-like material. Results indicate that the
major potential contaminants in the leacnate from the
FBC residues are the high pH, total dissolved solids,
and sutfate levels, all of which are above drinking
water regulations. Heat release when initially exposed
to water, due to calcium oxide hydration, may also
create a handling problem. Trace metals in the leach-
ate do not generally exceed drinking water regulations.
Processing of the residues caused some reduction In
leachate contaminant levels. Additional tests on proc-
essing and utilizing FBC residues are also reported.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fluidized waste dis-
posal, Leaching, Thermal properties, Residues, Water
pollution, Potable water, Sulfates, Environmental Im-
pacts, Sorbents, Electric power plants, Regulations,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
December 1983 931
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-219298 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Formation and Significance of N-Chloro Com-
pounds in Water Supplies. Final rept. 1 Apr 75-30
Jun 79,
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Div. of Applied Scienc-
es.
J. Carrell Morris, Neil Ram, Barbara Baum, and
Edmund Wajon. Jul 80,362p EPA-600/2-80-031
Contract EPA-R-803631
Many naturally occurring nitrogenous organic com-
pounds readily react with aqueous chlorine, exerting
significant chlorine demands. Several N-organic com-
pounds also produce chloroform upon reaction with
chlorine with maximum formation occurring between
pH 8.5 and pH 10.5. The correlation between chloro-
form formation and chlorine demand, however, is tenu-
ous. It also appears that intermediates may be formed
under neutral or slightly acidic conditions which
produce chloroform upon exposure to more alkaline
conditions. Available analytical methods used to differ-
entiate between free and combined chlorine are sub-
ject to interference from organic chloramines. Some
differentiation, however, may be achieved using am-
perometric titration.
Keywords: 'Chlorinatlon, 'Water supply, 'Municipali-
ties, Nitrogen organic compounds, pH, Chloroform, Ex-
posure, Alkalinity, Mass spectroscopy, Methanes, Gas
chromatography, Amines, Fluorescence,
Concentration(Composition), Haloforms.
PB80-219314 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for North Dakota, Water
Year 1979. Annual rept. 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Bismarck, NO. Water Resources
Div.
May 80,797p USGS/WRD/HD-80/039, USGS/WDR/
ND-79/1
See also report for Water Year 1978, PB80-126253.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for North
Dakota consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report contains dis-
charge records for 14B gaging stations; stage only
records for 16 gaging stations; stage and contents for
12 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 99 gaging
stations, 44 lakes, 7B wells and water levels for 32 ob-
servation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'North
Dakota, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells,
Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality data, *Hy-
drologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB80-219330 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report - Wellman-Galusha (Ft. Snell-
Ing) Low-Btu Gasification. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec
79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. P. Kilpatrick, R. A. Magee, T. E. Emmel, and G. C.
Page. May 80,609p RAD-80-218-143-116, EPA-600/
7-80-097
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
The report gives results of a source test and evaluation
of a Wellman-Galusha gasifier at the U.S. Bureau of
Mines' Twin Cities Metallurgy Research Center at Ft.
Snelling. The gasifier is operated as part of the Bu-
reau's Investigation of the use of low-Btu gas as a fuel
for iron ore palletizing. Program objectives were to pro-
vide survey data from which a preliminary assessment
of potential environmental impact could be made, and
to identify potential problems which would require fur-
ther characterization or pollution control technology
implementation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Coal gas-
ification, Iron ores, Pelleting, Dust, Lignite, Particles,
Environmental impacts, •Wellman-Galusha process,
Stationary sources, Low btu gas, Solid wastes, Particu-
lates,
PB80-219363 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Technology for Control of Arsenic
Emissions at the Campbell Red Lake Gold Smelt-
er,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
G. H. Merchant, and R. L. Meek. Jun 80,69p EPA-600/
2-80-141
Grant EPA-R-804955
The Campbell Red Lake Mines Gold Smelter at Bal-
merton, Ontario, Canada, has developed and imple-
mented a successful control strategy for arsenic emis-
sions from a nonferrous smelting operation. The Red
Lake smelter uses cyclones and a hot electrostatic
precipitator to recover metal values from roaster dusts
with subsequent air quenching to condense (or desub-
lime) arsenic trioxide which is recovered in a low-tem-
perature baghouse. This report presents the results of
the test program conducted at the Red Lake gold
smelter during the period September 18-28,1978. The
overall efficiency for the control of paniculate emis-
sions using a combination of a hot electrostatic precip-
itator, an air quench in a mixer-cooler, and a cold bagh-
ouse exceeded 99.9%. Collection of paniculate ar-
senic in the baghouse was greater than 99.95%; how-
ever, overall arsenic collection efficiency in the bagh-
ouse was slightly less due to passage of As2O3
vapors. Total arsenic emissions from the system were
only 11 mg/dscm (6.8 x 10 to the minus 7 power Ib/
dscf or 0.20 Kg/hr (0.44 Ib/hr)).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smelters, 'Arsenic,
Electrostatic precipitators, Cyclone separators, Ar-
senic oxides, Gold, Efficiency, Technology assess-
ment, 'Foreign technology.
PB80-219413 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quantitative Separation of Asbestos In Environ-
mental Samples. Final rept. Aug 78-Aug 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Edward T. Peters, and Emmett M. Smith. Aug 80,55p
EPA-600/2-80-172
Contract EPA-68-02-2967
Evaluations were made of a novel approach for sepa-
rating chrysotile asbestos from other paniculate matter
to improve the application and detection limit of a
broad beam x-ray diffraction analysis method devel-
oped by the Naval Research Laboratory. The separa-
tion method is based on Selective Nucleation of Crys-
tal Growth (SNCG) whereby treatment of a paniculate
sample with a special reagent results in the nucleation
and growth of crystals along asbestos fibers but not on
other matter. The fibers can be thereby increased sub-
stantially in mass, volume and density. The reagent
previously developed for chrysotile asbestos consists
of mixed salts of Agl and Kl in ethylene glycol-acetone-
water solution, with Agl crystals (density of 5.67 g/cc)
being the decorating agent. Attempts to develop a
comparable reagent for amphibole asbestos were un-
successful. Minerals structurally or chemically related
to chrysotile gave no reagent response except for
moderate response by lizardite and slight response
from antigorite. Mixed mineral samples consisting of
known amounts of chrysotile and quartz were reagent-
treated, resulting in Agl overgrowths of up to 25 mi-
crometers in diameter. Separation of the decorated as-
bestos from quartz by a high density liquid with and
without centrifugation and by Stokes settling more un-
successful; recoveries of about 50 percent of both
chrysotile and quartz were found in the separated frac-
tion. Further work is required to improve the separation
process.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Chemical analysis, 'Serpen-
tine, Separation, Asbestos, X ray diffraction, X ray
analysis, Sampling, Crystal growth, Solutions, Nuclea-
tion, 'Air pollution detection.
PB80-219421 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy
Process: Bralntree Municipal Incinerator,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. Golembiewski, K. Ananth, G. Trischan, and E.
Baladl. Aug 80,230p EPA-600/7-80-149
Contract EPA-68-02-2166
Midwest Research Institute conducted an array of fie|d
tests at the Braintree Municipal Incinerator facility in
Braintree, Massachusetts, for the purpose of providing
data on multimedia emissions to help determine ad-
verse environmental impact and pollution contol tech-
nology needs. There are two incinerators at the Brain-
tree facility; both are of the waterwall type and are de-
signed to burn unprocessed mixed municipal refuse at
a rate of 120 tons/day each. Air pollution control is
provided by electrostatic precipitators. Primary empha-
sis was placed on evaluating air emissions. Analyses
were carried out for criteria pollutants (participates,
NOx, SO2, CO, and hydrocarbons) as well as for po-
tentially hazardous compounds such as polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The Environmental Protection Agency-designed
Source Assessment Sampling System train was also
used as per the Environmental Protection Agency's
Level 1 environmental assessment protocol. The data
obtained were used to evaluate emissions in each ef-
fluent stream on the basis of existing standards or cri-
teria and also through the use of the Environmental
Protection Agency's recently devised Source Analysis
Model (SAM-1A).
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Incinerators, Field tests, As-
sessments, Sampling, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Air pollution contol, Electrostatic precipitators,
Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Boilers, Fly
ash, Carbon monoxide, Refuse, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbon's, Chlorine organic compounds, Hydro-
carbons, 'Solid wastes, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB80-219447 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Washabllity Characteristics of Arkansas and
Texas Lignites: Report of Investigations. Final
rept. Jan 77-Sep 78,
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA. Pittsburgh
Mining Technology Center.
J. A. Cavallaro, and A. F. Baker. Jun 79,55p PMTC-
5(79),EPA-600/7-79-149
The report describes the washability characteristics of
11 channel samples of lignite: 4 from Arkansas and 7
from Texas. The two samples collected from Dallas
County, Arkansas, could be upgraded to meet the cur-
rent EPA New Source Performance Standard (NSPS)
of 1.2 Ib SO2/million Btu. The other nine samples, al-
though averaging only a little over 1 % total sulfur, were
relatively high in organic sulfur and could not be up-
graded to meet the NSPS. Physically cleaning these
samples provided significant ash reduction which may
reduce the potential for boiler fouling. It was also
shown that much of the sodium can be removed from
these lignites. Analyses showed 37 to 91% reductions
of sodium oxide after treatment with a solution contain-
ing calcium ions.
Keywords: 'Lignite, 'Coal preparation, 'Washing,
Samples, Air pollution, Desulfurization, Sodium oxides,
Arkansas, Texas, 'Physical treatment, 'Air pollution
abatement, New source performance standards.
PB80-219470 PC A04/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC.
Study of Deep Mining Operational Economics.
Volume I. Simulation Development and Study of
Obstacle Effects,
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, CA.
David R. Peterson, and Philip B. Grote. Sep 79,58p
BUMINES-OFR-9S(1)80
Contract J0177131
See also Volume 2, dated Sep 79 PB80-219488.
This report presents a deep ocean mining operational
simulation that is capable of describing the response
of the bottom collection unit to specified mining ship
maneuvers and the corresponding operation of the
mining ship maneuvering system. Bathymetry, obsta-
cles, collector and pipe dynamics, and snip maneuver-
ing capabilities are included in the simulation. The sim-
ulation is capable of evaluating the technical require-
ments and operating costs for specified mine plans.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Cost analysis, 'Ocean environ-
ments, 'Undersea mineral deposits, Manganese nod-
ules, Bathymetry, Deep water, PipesfTubes), Simula-
tion, Drag, Ship maneuvering, Trajectories, Weather,
Terrain, Design, Operations, Barriers, Hydrodynamics,
Mathematical models, Operating costs, 'Underwater
mining, DOMOPS program.
932 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-219512 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-day Field Tests of Industrial Boilers: Site 3 -
Pulverlzsd-coal-flred Boiler. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar
KVB, Inc., Irvine. CA.
W. A. Carter, and H. J. Buenlng. Apr 80,159p EPA-
600/7-80-085C
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB80-219520.
This is a final report for a test program to evaluate the
long-term effectiveness of combustion modifications
'or Towering emissions from industrial boilers. Previous
short-term test had been performed on industrial boil-
ers to determine the effect of combustion modifica-
tions on such air pollutant emissions as NOx, SOx, CO,
HC, and paniculate. The objective of this program was
to determine If the combustion modification tech-
niques which were effective for the short-term tests
are feasible for longer periods. The report gives results
of a 30-day field test of a pulverized-coal-flred, water-
tube boiler rated art 76.2 MW (260,000 Ib steam/hr)
output. Staged combustion air and low excess air were
used to effectively control NOx emissions. However,
such additional operational problems as flame Instabil-
ity can be encountered. The baseline NO measure-
ment was 498 ng/J (815 ppm at 3% 02, dry) with the
unit operating at about 70% of capacity. At the same
load low NOx operations yielded NO at an emission
level of 422 ng/J (691 ppm at 3% 02, dry) for a 15%
NO reduction. During 30 days of firing under low NOx
operation with loads of 15 to 63 MW, the average NO
emission level was 340 ng/J (557 ppm at 3% Oz, dry).
Boiler efficiency increased about 1 % under low NOx
nnng conditions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Pulverized
fuels, Coals, Field tests, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Revisions, Design criteria, Performance evaluation.
PB80-219520 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-day Field Tests of Industrial Boilers: Site 4 -
Coai-fired Spreader Stoker. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
W. A. Carter, and J. R. Hart. Apr 80,178p EPA-600/7-
80-085D
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB80-211386, and PB80-219512.
This is a final report for a test program to evaluate the
long-term effectiveness of combustion modifications
on Industrial boilers. Previous short-term tests had
been performed on industrial boilers to determine the
effect of combustion modifications on such air pollut-
ant emissions as NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and paniculate.
i he objective of this program was to determine If the
combustion modification techniques which were effec-
tive for the short-term tests are feasible for longer peri-
ods. The report gives result of a 30-day field test of a
38.1 MW (130,000 Ib steam/hr) output coal-fired
spreader stoker. Low excess air was used to control
NOx emissions. Results Indicate that low excess air
tiring Is an effective long-term NOx control for spread-
er stokers. The as-found NOx concentration was 240
ng/J (409 ppm at 3% O2, dry) with the boiler load art
80% of design capacity. Firing in the low excess air
mode reduced the as-found condition by about 19%.
Low excess air firing also Increased efficiency by about
1 -2% and decreased particulates by about 22%.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Field tests, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Revisions, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon
jnonoxide, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
ConcentratlontComposition), Performance evaluation,
Design criteria.
PB80-219538 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compilation of Environmental Assessment Data,
February 1978-March 1979.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
AugBO, 1419p-in3v
Set Includes PB80-219546, PB80-219S53, and PB80-
219561.
No abstract available.
PB80-219546 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compilation of Environmental Assessment Data,
February 1978-March 1979. Volume I. Studies 1-7.
Final rept. Feb78-Mar 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
N. Q. Sexton, and L. I. Southerland. Jul 80,614p RTI/
1699-12/01S-VOL-1, EPA-600/2-80-175A,, IERL-
RTP-1073
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
See also Volume 2, PB80-219553.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB80-
219538.
The three-volume report compiles all data from EPA/
lERL-RTP's phased environmental assessment pro-
gram for the period 2/78-3/79. It includes data from 14
environmental assessment studies, compiled in stand-
ard format. The formatted Level 1 data are organized
within each study by the analytical technique used to
generate the data. Inorganic data as generated by
spark source mass apectroscopy, atomic absorption,
gas chromatography, chemllumlnescence for oxides
of nitrogen, anTon analysis, and aqueous analysis pre-
cede the organic data generated by gas chromatogra-
phy for C1-C6/C7 or C7-C17, liquid chromatographic
fractionation, Infrared spectroscopy, and low resolu-
tion mass spectroscopy. Sampling and analytical tech-
niques that were used, that are not specified In Level 1,
are documented in the summaries and data pages.
Each Level 1 data section is followed by a Level 2 data
section and/or an additional data section. Tables and
figures in the Level 2 and additional data sections have
been reproduced from the documents originally pub-
lished by the organization conducting the study. The
studies are organized by industrial type: (Vol. I) chemi-
cally active fluidized-bed combustion, coal-fired boiler
and oil-fired boiler, coal-fired power plant, and coal
gasifier.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes, Tables(Data), Assessments, Sampling, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Coal
gasification, Concentration(Composition), Fluldized
bed processing, Boilers, Electric power plants, Com-
bustion products, Coal fired power plants, Chemically
active fluid bed process.
PB80-219SS3 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compilation of Environmental Assessment Data,
February 1978-March 1979. Volume II. Studies 8
and 9. Final rept. Feb 78-Mar 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
N. G. Sexton, and L. I. Southerland. Aug 80.421 p RTI/
1699-12/01S-VOL-2, EPA-600/2-80-175B,, IERL-
RTP-1074
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
See also Volume 1, PB80-219546, and Volume 3,
PB80-219561.
Also availabL in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB80-
219538.
The three-volume report compiles all data from EPA/
lERL-RTP's phased environmental assessment pro-
gram for the period 2/78-3/79. It includes data from 14
environmental assessment studies, compiled in stand-
ard format. The formatted Level 1 data are organized
within each study by the analytical technique used to
generate the data. Inorganic data as generated by
spark source mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption,
gas chromatography, chemiluminescence for oxides
of nitrogen, anTon analysis, and aqueous analysis pre-
cede the organic data generated by gas chromatogra-
phy for C1-C6/C7 or C7-C17, liquid chromatographic
fractionation, infrared spectroscopy, and low resolu-
tion mass spectroscopy. Sampling and analytical tech-
niques that were used, that are not specified in Level 1,
are documented in the summaries and data pages.
Each Level 1 data section is followed by a Level 2 data
section and/or additional data section. Tables and fig-
ures In the Level 2 and additional data sections have
been reproduced from the documents originally pub-
lished by the organization conducting the study. The
studies are organized by industrial type: (Vol. II) coke
production, and ferroalloy process.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes, Assessments, Sampling, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composltlon), Coking, Iron containing
alloys, Combustion products.
PB80-219561 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compilation of Environmental Assessment Data,
February 1978-March 1979. Volume III. Studies 10-
14. Final rept. Feb 78-Mar 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
N. G. Sexton, and L. I. Southerland. Aug 80,384p RTI/
1699-12/01S-VOL-3, EPA-600/2-80-175C,, IERL-
RTP-1075
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
See also Volume 2, PB80-219553.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB80-
219538.
The three-volume report compiles all data from EPA/
lERL-RTP's phased environmental assessment pro-
gram for the period 2/78-3/79. It includes data from 14
environmental assessment studies, compiled In stand-
ard format. The formatted Level 1 data are organized
within each study by the analytical technique used to
generate the data. Inorganic data as generated by
spark source mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption,
gas chromatography, chemllumlnescence for oxides
of nitrogen, anTon analysis, and aqueous analysis pre-
cede the organic data generated by gas chromatogra-
phy for C1-C6/C7 or C7-C17, liquid chromatographic
fractionation, infrared spectroscopy. Sampling and an-
alytical techniques that were used, that are not speci-
fied in Level 1, are documented in the summaries and
data pages. Each Level 1 data section is followed by a
Level 2 data section and/or an additional data section.
Tables and figures In the Level 2 and additional data
sections have been reproduced from the documents
originally published by the organization conducting the
study. The studies are organized by industrial type:
(Vol. Ill) the remaining industrial processes.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial
wastes. Assessments, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Solid waste disposal, Combustion products, Sam-
pling.
PB80-21964S PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Selective Erosion Control Tech-
niques. Piedmont Region of S. E. United State*.
Final rept. May 77-Jan 78,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Geology.
Herb Buxton, and Frank T. Carucclo. Dec 79,1zop
EPA-600/2-79-124
Grant EPA-S-803724
Color illustrations reproduced In black and white.
Commercially available soil stabilizers, including chem-
ical tackifiere, hydromulches and blanket (netting)
products and combinations thereof, were tested in the
Piedmont of South Carolina. The test site was de-
signed to measure sediment yields to provide a quanti-
tative assessment of treatment effectiveness. Follow-
ing a severe rain, during the period before the estab-
lishment of a dense grass cover, it was found that the
blanket products and straw mulches provided the soil
with maximum protection from erosion. Some tacki-
flers were effective In stabilizing the fine fraction of the
soil. Some hydromulches tended to be washed away
and were not effective in inhibiting soil erosion. Each
treatment contained a standard lima, seed and fertiliz-
er mixture to test the ability of the technique to
produce a dense vegetative cover.
Keywords: 'Erosion control, Soil stabilization,
Mulches, Sediments, Effectiveness, Seeds, Fertilizers,
Vegetation, Grasses, Cost analysis, Protection, Con-
struction, Highways, CM engineering, Adhesives,
•Piedmont Region(United States).
PBBO-219662 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Attenuation of Water-Soluble Polychlorlnated Bl-
phenyls by Earth Materials. Final rept.,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
December 1983 933
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. A. Griffin, and E. S. K, Chian. May 80,104p EPA-
600/2-80-027
Grant EPA-R-804684-01-0
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst. of Tech.,
Atlanta. School of Civil Engineering.
The aqueous solubility, adsorption, mobility, microbial
degradation, and volatility of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) were studied under laboratory conditions, me
dissolution of Aroclor 1242 in water required five
months to reach equilibrium. Generally, the water-solu-
ble fractions of the PCQ fluids were richer in the lower
chlorinated isomers than in the original mixture of iso-
mers in the fluid.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, Biodeterioration, *Bi-
phenyl, Adsorption, Chlorine organic compounds,
Degradation, Microorganisms, Solubility, Mobility, Vol-
atility, Pollution, Soils, Rocks, Plants(Botany), Water,
* Polychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclor 1242.
PB80-219660 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
Development of a High Current Ollboom/Sklm-
mer. Final rept.,
Ultrasystems, Inc., Irvine, CA.
Blair A. Folsom. Jun 80,124p EPA-600/2-80/140
Contract EPA-68-03-0403
A low drag oil spill recovery device has been devel-
oped to retain and recover floating oil slicks in currents
up to 3.0 m/sec (8 knots) and low wave conditions
typically encountered in small lakes and harbors,
smooth flowing streams and other inland waterways.
The streamlined oil boom/skimmer utilizes a slightly
submerged slotted hydrofoil to skim a thin layer of oil
and water into an attached sump where the kinetic
energy of the high speed flow is dissipated and the oil
and water are separated by gravity. The excess water
is discarded and the oil is retained in the sump under
conditions similar to a conventional low speed oil
boom. The retained oil is recovered as required by a
built-in secondary skimmer. Because of the system's
simplicity and low drag, it can be deployed as a high
speed skimmer supported by a catamaran or as high
current boom with several adjacent sections spanning
a high current area. The development effort focused
on bow, sump and stability control system design and
the testing of the complete streamlined oil boom
system at OHMSETT. Thruput efficiencies as high as
99+ percent and 87 percent were measured under
calm surface conditions at 2.0 and 3.0 m/sec (4 and 6
knots) respectively. Performance degraded in test with
Keywords: Oil pollution, Control equipment. Skimmers,
Water pollution control, Booms(Equipment), Hydro-
foils, Inland waterways, *Oil retention booms, Oil pollu-
tion control, Oil spills, Oil slicks.
PB80-219678 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sodium Carbonate Industry - Background Infor-
mation ior Proposed Standards. Final rept
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Jun 80,350p EPA-450/3-80-029A
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
Standards of performance to control emissions of par-
ticulate matter from new, modified, and reconstructed
calciners, dryers, and bleachers in natural process
sodium carbonate plants are being proposed under
Section III of the Clean Air Act. This document con-
tains information on the sodium carbonate Industry
and emission control technology, a discussion of the
selected emission limits and the supporting data and
the alternatives which were considered, and analyses
of the environmental and economic Impacts of the pro-
posed standards.
Keywords: 'Sodium carbonates, 'Standards, "Chemi-
cal industry, 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, Industrial
wastes, Sources, Revisions, Pollution control, Regula-
tions, Substitutes, Environmental impacts, Economic
Impact, 'Environmental impact statements-draft, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB80-219686 PC A14/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Ethylbenzene/Styrene
Industry-Background Information for Proposed
Standards. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 80,325p EPA-450/3-79-035A
A National Emission Standard for the control of ben-
zene emissions from ethylbenzene/styrene plants is
being proposed under the authority of Section 112 of
the Clean Air Act. The proposed standard would apply
to both new and existing sources. This document con-
tains background information and environmental and
economic assessments of the regulatory alternatives
considered In developing the proposed standard.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Chemical industry, 'Standards,
'Air pollution, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Regulations, Substitutes, Ethyl benzene,
Styrene, Environmental impacts, Exposure, Industrial
hygiene, Marketing, Economic impact, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements-draft, Energy use.
PB80-219744 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Teats of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site J. Final rept.
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L. Langsjoen, J. O. Burllngame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. May 80,83p EPA-600/7-80-137A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also report dated Apr 80, PB80-187271. Spon-
sored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Asso-
ciation, Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on a 70,000 Ib stream/hr coal-fired overfeed stoker
with chain grate. The effects of various parameters on
boiler emissions and efficiency were studied. Param-
eters include overfire air, excess oxygen, grate heat re-
lease, and coal properties. Measurements include O2,
CO2, NO, SO2, SO3, uncontrolled and controlled par-
ticulate mass loading, and combustible content of the
ash. In addition to test results and observations, the
report describes the facility tested, coals fired, test
equipment, and procedures. Full-load uncontrolled
paruculate loading on this unit averaged 0.89 Ib/million
Btu, while full-load controlled paniculate loading aver-
aged 0.20 Ib/milllon Btu. Full-load NO emissions aver-
aged 0.38 Ib/million Btu.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Field tests, Efficiency, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Particles, Oxygen,
Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Revi-
sions, Sulfur trioxide, Fly ash, Particle size distribution,
Sampling, Flue gases.
PB80-220007 CP T02
Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Sub-
stance* Inventory: Cumulative Supplement, July
1960. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Chris Harvey, and Fred Connan. Jui 80, mag tape EPA-
560/13-80-025, EPA/DF-80/008
Source tape is In EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products If you have ques-
tions.
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Cumula-
tive supplement lists names for more than 11,000
chemical Substances. The two flies included in the
Supplement are: File 1: TSCA CAS Registry Numbers
(a listing of chemical names by CAS Registry No.). File
2: TSCA Synonyms (an alphabetical listing of syno-
nyms).
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
'Toxic Substance Control Act.
PBM-220031 PC A02/MF A01
A Simple Continuous-Flow Toxicant Delivery
System. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Ronald R. Garton. 1980.6p EPA-600/J-80-033
Pub. in Water Research, v14 p227-2301980.
The paper describes a simple continuous-flow toxicant
delivery system for use In testing toxicity of dissolved
or suspended compounds to aquatic organisms. Its
advantages are simplicity, ease of construction, and
capacity for high flow rates. The system consists of a
glass headbox and diluter box, a toxicant pump, a
framework for support, and a system to tubes to deliv-
er a series of toxicant concentrations to the test
aquirla. Methods are given for construction and cali-
bration of the system.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Laboratory equipment,
Aquatic biology, Toxicity, Concentration(Compositlon),
Construction, Calibrating, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB80-220049 PC A02/MF A01
An Estimate of the Possible Contribution of Blo-
genlc Sources to Airborne Hydrocarbon Concen-
trations. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Ernest W. Peterson, and David T. Tingey. 17 Jul 79,5p
EPA-600/J-80-030
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v14 p79-81 1980.
The importance of plants as sources of photoreactive
hydrocarbons, oxidant precursors, is widely discussed.
The two main questions appear to be: (1) are natural
hydrocarbons emissions large enough to result in sig-
nificant atmospheric concentrations (2) do naturally
emitted hydrocarbons contribute significantly to ozone
formation. This note addresses the first question.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution, Estimates,
Concentration(Composition), Plants(Botany), Vegeta-
tion, Reprints.
PB80-2200S6 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Cadmium on the Root and Nodule Ultra-
structure of 'Alnus rubra'. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Carlos Wickllff, and H. J. Evans. 1980,25p EPA-6007J-'
80-032
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 21, p287-
306 1980. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State
Univ., Corvallls. Lab. for Nitrogen Fixation Research.
--,,,•. • -**
Alnus rubra (Bong.) was grown for three months in a
greenhouse and given 0,6,12,31 and 62 migrograms
cadmium/liter of nitrogen-free nutrient solution for 11
weeks. Segments of nodules and secondary roots
were collected from plants grown at the different Cd
levels. Thin sections were made for transmission elec-
tron microscopy and the ultrastructure of root and
nodule cells was then Investigated. Endophyte reaorp-
tion advanced In the nodules ad the number of starch
grains In root xylem parenchyma cells tripled as the
cadmium concentrations increased from 12 to 62 mi-
crograms/liter of nutrient solution. Nucleoli increased
in prominence in the nuclei of the root xylem parenchy-
ma cells as the cadmium concentration in the nutrient
solution was raised from 12 to 62 micrograms/liter.
Observations of root and nodule cell ultrastructure of
Alnus rubra suggest that cadmium exerts its toxic
effect in roots and nodules by decreasing the number
of endophyte structures capable of fixing nitrogen and
reducing the rate of respiration and growth by hose
plant cells.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Plants(Botany),
Electron microscopy, Reprints, * Alnus rubra, 'Toxfc
substances.
PB80-220064 PC E13
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnatl,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Drv.
Dloxlns.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun80,499p-in3v
Set includes PB80-220072, PB80-220080, and PB80-
220098.
No abstract available.
PB80-220072 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnatl,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
934 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dioxins. Volume I. Sources, Exposure, Transport,
and Control. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. P. Exposito, H. M. Drake, J. A. Smith, and T. W.
Owens. Jun 80,270p* EPA-600/2-80-156
Contract EPA-68-03-2577
fee also Volume 2, PB80-220080.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB80-
220064.
Concern about the potential contamination of the envi-
ronment by dibenzo-p-dioxins through the use of cer-
tain chemicals and disposal of associated wastes
prompted this study. The volume reviews the exten-
sive body of dioxin literature that has recently become
available.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Pesticides, 'Herbi-
cides, 'Reviews, Waste disposal, Toxicology, Biode-
terioration, Public health, Hazardous materials, Expo-
sure, 'Dioxins.
PB80-220080 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Dioxins. Volume II. Analytical Method lor Industri-
al Wastes. Final rept. Oct 78-Mar 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. 0. Tiernan, M. L Taylor, S. D. Erk, J. G. Solch, and
G. Van Ness. Jun 80,80p EPA-600/2-80-157
Contract EPA-68-03-2659
See also Volume 1, PB80-220072 and Volume 3,
PB80-220098.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB80-
220064.
The overall objective of this research project was to
develop a unified analytical approach for use in quanti-
ppt levels of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
3's) In various chemical wastes. Waste samples
i plants manufacturing trichlorophenol, pentachlor-
ophenol, and hexachlorophene, and from processing
wood preservatives were provided by the EPA. The ex-
traction procedure developed for isolating the TCDD's
from the various types of sample matrices is fully de-
scribed. Analysis was accomplished using highly spe-
cific and sensitive coupled gas chromatograpnic-mass
spectrometric (GC-MS) methods. Both low and high
resolution MS techniques were employed. This meth-
odology is also described in detail. The procedures
Presented In this report were acceptable for most of
the industrial process samples provided.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Quantitative analysis,
Pollution, Manufacturing, Wood preservatives, Phen-
ols, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Mass spec-
troscopy, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Dioxins.
PB80-220098 PC A07/MF A01
wdustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatt,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Otoxlns. Volume III. Assessment of Dloxln-Form-
Jng Chemical Processes. Final rept.,
Walk, Haydel and Associates, Inc., New Orleans, LA.
Forrest E. Dryden, Harry E. Ensley, Ronald J. Rossi,
fnd E. Jasper Westbrook. Jun 80,149p EPA-600/2-
80-158
Contract EPA-68-03-2579
fee also Volume 2, PB60-220080.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E13, PB80-
220064.
Chemical reaction mechanisms by which dioxins may
be formed are reviewed, particularly those likely to
occur within commercially significant processes. Vari-
ous routes of formation are identified in addition to the
classical route of the hydrolysis of trichlorophenol.
°*&ic organic chemicals and pesticides with a reason-
able potential for dioxin byproduct contamination are
surveyed as to current and past producers and produc-
tion locations.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Pesticides, Chemi-
cal reactions, Hydrolysis. Classifications, Phenols,
Benzene, Tables(Data), Dioxins, Phenol/trichloro, Dl-
benzo-p-Dloxins.
PMO-2201M PC A04/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
further Study of Adlplc Acid Degradation In FOO
Scrubbers. Final rept. Apr 79-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. B. Meserole, D. L Lewis, and F. T. Kurzawa. Aug 80,
75p RAD-202-187-72, EPA-600/7-80-152
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
The report gives results of investigations of adiplc acid
degradation to account for losses observed during ear-
lier studies where it was used as an additive to improve
S02 scrubber performance. Bench-scale experiments
identified the major species resulting from the oxida-
tive degradation of adipic acid, which are: valeric acid,
glutaric acid, CO2, CO, carbonate, methane, ethane,
propane, and butane. Material balances based on vari-
ous measurements-including gas chromatography,
ion-chromatography, and total organic carbon analy-
ses-indicate that all by-products were indentified in
the laboratory tests: imbalances were less than 10%
of the total carbon used. Field tests conducted on a
prototype limestone scrubber using adiplc acid addi-
tive detected only valeric acid and glutaric acid as deg-
radation products. Scrubber sludge was shown to
retain 200-500 ppm adipic acid by surface adsorption.
In addition, the solids contained 300-800 ppm of oc-
cluded adipic acid when precipitated as calcium sulflte;
occlusion was only SO ppm when the solids were oxi-
dized to gypsum.
Keywords: 'Adipic acid, 'Decomposition reactions,
•Scrubbers, 'Air pollution control, Additives, Oxida-
tion, Limestone, Sulfur dioxide, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB80-220221 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Cadmium and Lead Levels In Human Blood and
Kidney: A Literature Search,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf, Fay M. Martin,
and John T. Ensminger. Jun 80,82p* ORNL/EIS-168,
EPA-560/13-80-020
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Sub-
stances Survey and Analysis Division. This centralized
resource of body-burden information was Inspired by
the concern of government scientists over continuing
reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Data are obtained primarily from the open litera-
ture through manual searches of selected journals.
Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and has
yielded over 2000 pertinent documents of which ap-
proximately 800 have been entered Into the data base
as of this report. These sources identify over 500
chemicals which have been found in human biological
media. A specific search of the data base for cadmium
and lead levels In blood and kidney Is presented In this
report. This report was prepared by the EPA OPTS
survey and Analysis Division's Design and Develop-
ment Branch in support of the World Health Organiza-
tion's Biological Monitoring Project.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, *Lead(Meti
Humans, Blood, Kidney, Reviews,
Data bases, Body fluids, 'Toxic substances, Bo
burden.
PBBO-220239 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
The Development of Potential Thin Standards for
Calibration of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
P. A. Pella. Jun 80,50p EPA-600/7-80-123
Thin films containing known concentrations of metals
are important for the calibration of X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry (XRF), especially for the analysis of col-
lected airborne particulate matter. A focused Ion-beam
sputtering technique has been Investigated as a candi-
date method for fabricating thin glass films containing
know concentrations of metals on polycarbonate sub-
strates. Glass targets were fabricated at NBS for these
studies, and parameters such as ton-acceleration volt-
age and Ion current were systematically varied to de-
termine any changes In film composition. It was found
that rather severe changes In Instrumental parameters
do not affect the elemental composition of the film*
appreciably. Up to eight substrates were coated at one
time and the compositional reproduoMty as meas-
ured by XRF for Si, Ca, Zn, and Pb for 13 samples was
within five percent relative standard deviation at mass
loadings of glass from 160 190 micrograms/cm. Glass
films containing phosphorous and sulfur were also pre-
pared to demonstrate the feasibility of preparing glass
films containing such elements of low atomic number.
Additional studies consisted of the deposition of finely
ground synthetic glasses on membrane filters, and the
characterization of some selected commercial thin
films prepared by thermal evaporation.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, *X ray spectrometers, X ray
fluorescence, Standards, Calibrating, Sampling, Thin
films, Air pollution, Glass fibers, Chemical analysis,
•Air pollution detection.
PB80-220296 PC A08/MF A01
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series. Assessment
of Testing Needs: Chlorinated Benzenes. Support
Document for Proposed Health Effects Test Rule,
Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
JUI80,172p* EPA-560/11-80-014
Since chlorobenzenes are used as chemical interme-
diates and for other industrial purposes as well as in
consumer products, there is very broad potential expo-
sure. Thus, there Is known or potential exposure of
workers involved In chlorobenzene production, proc-
essing, and use, and of the general population, both di-
rectly from consumer products and indirectly through
the environment. For this reason and on the basis of
limited toxic effects studies, EPA has proposed that
certain chlorobenzenes be tested to assess their po-
tential to cause chronic, reproductive, teratologlcal,
and oncogenic effects. Following resolution of meth-
odology issues the Agency has raised, EPA will pro-
pose at a later date test rules for neurotoxic and muta-
genic effects. Further, the Agency has decided not to
propose test rules for acute toxicity and epidemiologi-
cal studies.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chlorobenzenes, Exposure,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds,
Physiological effects, Assessments, Laboratory ani-
mals, Nervous system, Signs and symptoms, Testing,
Exposure, 'Toxic substances, Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act, Public Law 94-469.
PB80-220304 PC A05/MF A01
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series. Assessment
of Testing Needs: Chloromethane. Support Docu-
ment for Proposed Health Effects Test Rule,
Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul 80.88p* EPA-560/11-80-015
In 1979 approximately 497 million pounds of chloro-
methane were produced in the United States solely for
domestic consumption. It Is used almost exclusively as
an intermediate, primarily In the manufacture of sili-
cone and tetramethyllead. Chloromethane exposure
has been reported to result in a wide range of systemic
' ' "t following both acute and chronic exposure. Al-
i effects on the liver, kidney, heart, and hematc-
system have been demonstrated in both
s and animals, the most sensitive organ seems
to be the central nervous system (CNS). Chlorometh-
ane has been reported to possess mutagenic activity
In bacterial systems that detect gene mutations and to
cause chromosomal aberration. Evidence of its muta-
genic activity, its in vitro and in vivo alkylating capabili-
ties, and its structural relationship to known or sus-
pected oncogens suggest that Chloromethane may
possess oncogenic potential. EPA Is also concerned
with the danger of both structural malformation and
behavioral alterations that may be posed by chloro-
methane.
Keywords: •Chloromethanes, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds,
Physiological effects, Assessments, Laboratory ani-
mals, Nervous system, Signs and symptoms, Testing,
Exposure, 'Toxic substances, Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act, Public Law 94-489.
December 1983 935
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-220312 PC A03/MF A01
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series. Assessment
of Testing Needs: Acrylamlde. Support Document
for Decision Not to Require Testing for Health Ef-
fects, Toxic Substances Control Act, Section 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul 80,37p* EPA-560/11-80-016
It has bean found that acrylamide is neurotoxic, pro-
ducing central-peripheral axonopathies. The animal
species In which this effect was demonstrated include
rats, mice, cats, dogs, baboons, and monkeys. In addi-
tion, there are at least 48 published cases of the occu-
pational toxicity and 5 cases of the nonoccupational
toxicity of acrylamide to humans, many of whom mani-
fested a measurable degree of neurotoxiclty (central-
peripheral axonopathy). In humans, the predominant
signs of neurotoxicity are related to peripheral nerve
involvement and, to a lesser extent, central nervous
system involvement. A variety of other signs and
symptoms also are generally reported, the most
common ones occurring in the skin, hands, and feet.
The onset of effects may be reversible, although this is
not always the case. Based on laboratory data, EPA
has concluded that acrylamide is a potent neurotoxi-
cant at very low levels. This conclusion has been sub-
stantiated by a 1-year (oral administration) study in
cats indicating a no-effect level of 0.3-1.0 mg/kg/day.
EPA does not plan to require the health effects testing
recommended by the Interagency Testing Committee.
Instead, EPA plans to evaluate acrylamide for possible
regulatory controls.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Physiological effects, Recom-
mendations, Assessments, Laboratory animals, Nerv-
ous system, Signs and symptoms, Testing, Exposure,
'Toxic substances, 'Acrylamides, Toxic Substances
Control Act, Public Law 94-469, Neurotoxins.
PB80-220320 PC A12/MF A01
Protecting Visibility: An EPA Report to Congress.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct79,265p* EPA-450/5-79-008
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report is prepared in response to the require-
ments of Section 169A(a) of the Clean Air Act. It dis-
cusses methods for meeting the visibility goal, includ-
ing methods for determining visibility impairment, mod-
eling and other methods for evaluating source im-
pacts, methods for preventing and remedying pollu-
tion-derived visibility impairment, and pollutants and
sources that may impair visibility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Visibility, Air pol-
lution, Haze, Particles, Nitrogen dioxide, Dust, Smog,
Plumes, Atmospheric models, Measurement, Method-
ology, Recommendations, Fugitive emissions, Station-
ary sources, Clean Air Act, Point sources.
PB80-220502 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Qroundwater Quality Monitoring of Western Coal
Strip Mining: Preliminary Designs for Active Mine
Sources of Pollution,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
Lome G. Everett, and Edward W. Hoylman. Jun 80,
116p GE79TMP-27, EPA-600/7-80-110
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
Three potential pollution source categories have been
Identified for Western coal strip mines. These sources
Include mine stockpiles, mine waters, and miscellane-
ous active mine sources. TEMPO'S stepwise monitor-
Ing methodology (Todd et al., 1976) is used to develop
groundwater quality monitoring designs for each
source category. These designs include description of
monitoring needs, alternative monitoring approaches,
and preliminary recommendations. Generic and exam-
ple case studies are presented for stockpile and mine
water sources. General case considerations are given
for miscellaneous sources. Unit cost estimates for the
monitoring designs, based on preliminary recommen-
dations, are given.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Strip mining, 'Ground water,
•Water quality, Surface mining, Coal mines, Mine
waters, Guidelines, Monitoring, Wyoming, Methodolo-
gy, 'Mine wastes, Solid wastes.
PB80-220627 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy
Process: Burlington Electrlc's Wood and Oil Co-
Fired Boiler,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Mark A. Golembiewski. Aug 80,179p EPA-600/7-80-
148
Contract EPA-68-02-2166
The No. 1 boiler at Burlington Electric, which was
tested for this study, is fueled by a combination of
wood chips and No. 2 fuel oil. Four effluent streams
were sampled and analyzed for this assessment pro-
gram: bottom ash; primary collector ash; secondary
collector ash; and stack emissions. Common to all
streams were characterizations for elemental compo-
sition and potentially hazardous compounds such as
polychlorinated blphenyls and polycycllc aromatic hy-
drocarbons. In addition, the boiler exhaust gases were
analyzed for paniculate, NOx, SO2, CO, and total hy-
drocarbon concentrations.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Wood wastes, 'Boilers, 'Air pollu-
tion, Chips, Fuel oil, Electric power generation, Solid
waste disposal, Environmental impact, Particles, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydro-
carbons, 'Boiler fuel, Participates,
BurlingtonfVermont).
PBBO-220734 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Regulatory Impact Assessment for the September
5, 1979 Proposed Regulations for Prevention of
Significant Deterioration,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
David Dunbar, Barbara Blagun, Larry Gibbs, Joe
Carvetti, and Jack Wunderle. Jun 80,150p EPA-450/
2-80-073
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
Report provides a relative impact assessment of sev-
eral proposed changes to the current prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD) regulations. These
changes fundamentally affect what sources and modi-
fications must obtain a PSD permit before construct-
ing. The changes include revisions to the definitions of
potential to emit, baseline concentration, and major
modifications, additional monitoring and BACT require-
ments, and the inclusion of certain minimum size cutoff
for exempting projects from PSD review. The existing
regulations and the proposal were compared in terms
of number and size of sources subject to review,
amount of emissions captured, degree of air quality de-
terioration, and estimated review costs.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Air pollution abatement, Re-
visions, Environmental impacts, Comparison, Cost
analysis, 'Air quality, 'Significant deterioration(Air pol-
lution).
PB80-220775 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Coal.
East Hartford,
Final rept. May 78-Jan 80,
United Technologies Research Center,
CT.
D. G. Hamblen, P. R. Solomon, and R. H. Hobbs. May
80,163pEPA-600/7-80-106
Contract EPA-68-02-3116
The report describes an automated scanning electron
microprobe method of analyzing sulfur forms and min-
eral matter in coal. The microprobe is used to measure
the spatial distribution of a number of elements (includ-
ing Fe, S, Si, Al, Ca, and K) on a scale where individual
grains can be observed. These data are then analyzed
to extract the following information: organic sulfur con-
centration; mineral sulfur concentration; total sulfur
concentration; major mineral concentrations, including
AI2O3, SIO2, K2O, and CaCOS; and stoichiometry of
iron sulfide, FeSx. The procedure is fully automated: all
of the above information is obtained on a 200 mg coal
sample In less than 15 minutes. Sulfur forms and total
sulfur were reproducible to within 0.1 wt%. In addition,
estimates of the pyrite particle size for two coals were
obtained from the spatial distribution of the Fe and S
data, and these estimates are compared with the re-
sults of a washability study. A commercial elemental
analyzer, evaluated for use in determining nitrogen in
coal,
to witfiin 3%.
Keywords: 'Coal, Chemical analysis, Particle size dis-
tribution, Electron probes, Sulfur, Pyrite, Data.
PB80-220817 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Site K,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MM.
P. L. Langsjoen, J. O. Burlingame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. May 80,99p EPA-600/7-80-138A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-285 172. Sponsored
in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Association,
Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements made
on a 50,000 Ib stream/hr coal-fired overfeed stoker
with traveling grate. The effects of various parameters
on boiler emissions and efficiency were studied. Pa-
rameters include overfire air, excess oxygen, grate
heat release, and coal properties. Measurements In-
clude 02, CO2, CO, NO, SO2, SO3, incontrolled partic-
ulate loading, particle size distribution of the uncon-
trolled flyash, and combustible content of the ash. In
addition to test results and observations, the report de-
scribes the facility tested, coals fired, test equipment,
and procedures. On the primary coal, full-load uncon-
trolled paniculate loading on this unit averaged 0.78
Ib/million Btu, while full-load controlled paniculate
loading averaged 0.14 Ib/million Btu. Full-load NO
emissions averaged 0.31 Ib/million Btu.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers,
Field tests, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Efficiency, Performance evaluation. Design criteria, Ni-
trogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide,
Oxygen, Dust, Fly ash, Revisions, Hydrocarbons,
Sulfur oxides, Sampling, Sites, Panicle size distribu-
tion, Air pollution sampling.
PB80-220957 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Utility Boiler Com-
bustion Modification NOx Controls: Volume 1>
Technical Results. Final rept. Mar 77-May 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
K. J. Lim, L. R. Waterland, C. Castaldini, Z. Chiba, and
E. B. Higginbotham. Apr 80,434p* TR-78-105, EPA-
600/7-80-075A
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
The report gives results of an evaluation of combustion
modification techniques for coal-, oil-, and gas-fired
utility boilers, with respect to NOx control reduction ef-
fectiveness, operational Impact, thermal efficiency
impact, capital and annualized operating costs, and
effect on emissions of pollutants other than NOx. For
gas- and oil-fired boilers, 30 to 60% NOx reductions
are achievable with the combined use of staged com-
bustion, flue gas recirculation, and low excess air at an
annualized operating costs, of $0.50 to $3.00/kW-yr.
For retrofit control of existing coal-fired boilers, low
NOx burners and/or staged combustion yields a 30 to
60% NOx reduction at an annualized cost of $0.40 to
$1.20/kW-yr. For new sources, modified furnace
design with low NOx burners and/or overfire air can
achieve emission levels of 260 to 170 ng/J (40 to 60%
reduction). Detailed emission tests on a 200 MW coal-
fired boiler showed that changes in trace specie emis-
sions due to combustion modifications were small
compared to the benefit of reduced NOx emissions.
Keywords: Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Electric power plants, Revisions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Assessments, Perform-
ance evaluation, Cost analysis, Burners, Sources,
Technology, Environmental impacts, Economic
impact.
PB80-221005 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Method for Determining the Compatibility of
Hazardous Wastes. Final rept,
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
936 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. K. Hatayama, J. J. Chen, E. R. de Vera, R. D.
Stephens, and D. L. Storm. Apr 80,165p* EPA-600/2-
80-076
Grant EPA-R-804692
Color Illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report describes a method for determining the
compatibility of the binary combinations of hazardous
wastes. The method consists of two main parts,
namely: (1) the step-by-step compatibility analysis pro-
cedures, and (2) the hazardous wastes compatibility
crtart. The key element in the use of the method is the
compatibility chart. Wastes to be combined are first
subjected through the compatibility procedures for
uentification and classification, and the chart Is used
«> predict the compatibility of the wastes on mixing.
rhe chart consists of 41 reactivity groups of hazardous
*astes designated by Reactivity Group Numbers
(nQN). The RGN are displayed in binary combinations
on the chart, and the compatibility of the combinations
are designated by Reaction Codes (RC). The method
is applicable to four categories of wastes based on
available compositional information: (1) compositions
Known specifically, (2) compositions known nonspecl-
jcaiiy by chemical classes or reactivities, (3) composi-
"ons known nonspecifically by common or generic
names of wastes, (4) compositions unknown requiring
chemical analysis.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Compatibility,
gnomical compounds, Chemical reactions, Stability,
Procedures.
fB80-221021 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Mn.
Evaluation of Full-Scale Tertiary Wastewater Fll-
*•»• Final rept. 9 Nov 74-18 Aug 78,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL.
*A. FrbPatrick, and C. L. Swanson. May 80,223p
EPA-600/2-BO-005
wantEPA-R-803212
Conventional methods for treatment of municipal
wastewaters frequently produced effluents that will not
meet local discharge requirements. Granular media fil-
ters are being installed to provide terltary treatment for
increased removals of suspended solids and BOD.
'«• report provides performance data for full-scale
"Wary filters from eight treatment plants and dis-
cusses effects of various design and operating prac-
"Ces. Semi-empirical mathematical models In the
{"Port relate filter clarification efficiency to characteris-
JJ-s of secondary effluent particulate matter and to
inter operating parameters. The models developed in
J»s study may be applied with some caution to predict
wer suspended solids removal or clarification efficien-
cy without pilot-scale tests. An Important design con-
"deration for small scale tertiary wastewater filters
*?* found to be the ability to handle shock loads
caused by secondary process upsets. This consider-
ation generally favors those designs with slow rate of
neadloss development. Clarification efficiency is only
weakly dependent on filter media depth and media
wain size. Better correlations of filter clarification effi-
rency have been obtained for grab compared to com-
£°wte sample data. Composite process variables gen-
-rally fit a log normal distribution best and normal dis-
"nDution second best.
„,. s: "Sewage treatment, 'Filtration, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Particles, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Clarification, Mathematical
"jodels, "Tertiary treatment, Physical chemical treat-
"tent, Granular bed filters.
P5*0-221039 PC A05/MF A01
gjtostrtal Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
P*inon*tratlon of Carbon Adsorption Technology
ISf Petroleum Dry Cleaning Plants. Final rept. Get
l£-Apr 79,
'nW Environmental Engineering Dlv., Redondo
|«ach.CA.
f • J. Lutz, S. W. Mulligan, and A. B. Nunn. Jun 80,98p
EPA-600/2-80-145
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
A carbon adsorption system was designed and in-
•Wled on the exhaust outlet from a dryer at an indus-
!"» dry cleaning plant utilizing Stoddard solvent for
cleaning purposes. Selected design and operating pa-
rameters were varied to determine their effect on an-
nuallzed operating costs and system performance.
After optimization, the carbon adsorber achieved a
demonstrated efficiency in reducing hydrocarbon
emissions of 95 percent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dry cleaning,
'Carbon, Adsorption, Industrial wastes, Technology,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Error analy-
PB80-221062 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series: Mine
Drainage Bibliography 1929-1980. Final rept.,
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroeville, PA.
Virginia E. Gleason. May 80,197p* EPA-600/7-80-113
Grant EPA-R-805336-02
Sponsored in part by Office of Surface Mining Recla-
mation and Enforcement (Dl), Washington, DC. See
also report dated Apr 79, PB-298191.
Some of the topics covered in this Bibliography are for-
mation and effects of acid mine drainage; erosion sedi-
mentation; sediment control technology; the effects of
coal mining on ground water quality and on hydrology;
and drainage from coal storage piles. In addition to the
abstracts, this volume Includes an Author Index and a
General Index.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Bibliographies, Water pollu-
tion, Land pollution, Coal, Mlnes(Excavations), Strip
mining, Surface mining, Drainage, Waste disposal, Ab-
stracts, Indexes(Documentation), 'Acid mine drain-
age, 'Mine acid drainage, Mine wastes, Coal mine
spoil, Mine draining.
PBSO-221195 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors and Boiler Water Ad-
ditives: Potential for Nltrosamlne Formation. Task
III. Chemical Technology and Economic* In Envi-
ronmental Perspective*. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Alfred F. Meiners, Howard Gadberry, Bonnie L
Carson, Harold P. Owens, and Thomas W. Lapp. Jul
80,99p EPA-560/11 -80-023
Contract EPA-68-01-3896
Study Investigated volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs)
and the use of amines as boiler water additives. The
major VCI's are dicyclohexylammonium nitrite
(.Dichan), 'nonnitrite' Dichan substitutes, and benzo-
triazole. The present market is about 310,000 kg/year;
over 90% of the use is In the preparation of Impregnat-
ed paper and other wrapping materials. Dichan can be
converted to the corresponding nitrosamine; commer-
cial products can contain up to 1 ppm of the nitrosa-
mine. Nonnitrite subsltutes are less likely to be con-
verted to nitrosamlnes but can likely be readily nitro-
sated under environmental conditions. Benzotriazole
is likely to be environmentally stable and not converted
to the corresponding nitrosamine. Population expo-
sure to VCI's Is large since It Is estimated that over 20
million Individual Items are wrapped In VCI impregnat-
ed paper. Two cases of nitrosamine detection at levels
of 100 and 90 ppm in VCI wrapping paper have been
reported. A number of amines are employed for treat-
ing boiler water. T..a total market in 1978 was estimat-
ed to be 9,000 to 10,300 metric tons. The two most
widely used neutralizing amines are cyclohexylamlne
and morpholine; octadecylamlne is the most common
film-forming amlne. There Is no experimental evidence
to indicate whether or not nitrosamlnes are formed In
boilers as a result of the addition of these amines.
Keywords: 'Corrosion inhibitors, 'Nitroso compounds,
•Toxicology, Feedwater, Additives, Amines, Water pol-
lution, Packaging materials, * Nitrosamlnes, Toxic sub-
stances, Benzotriazolea, Cyclohexylamines.
PB80-221229 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Impact of Proposed and Alternative 'De Minimi*'
Level* for Criteria Pollutant*,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
David Dunbar, Barbara Blegun, and Jeff Smith. Jun 80,
78pEPA-450/2-80-072
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
The report estimates the Impact of the prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD) regulations under vari-
ous applicability size cutoffs for criteria pollutant emis-
sions. The analysis is based on the information ob-
tained from completed PSD permitting actions. The
report summarizes existing permit data by showing dis-
tributions of: (1) emissions levels of criteria pollutants;
(2) actual and effective stack heights; (3) maximum
downwind air quality Impact; and (4) emissions associ-
ated with specific air quality Impacts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, Licenses, Air
quality, Environmental impacts, Sources, Rates(Per
time), Concentratlon(Composltlon), Mathematical
models, Protection, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Distributlon(Property), Wind velocity, Carbon monox-
ide, Plumes, Objectives.
PB80-221237 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Health Impacts, Emissions, and Emission Factor*
for Noncrlterla Pollutant* Subject to De Minimi*
Guidelines and Emitted from Stationary Conven-
tional Combustion Processes,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
D. G. Ackerman, M. T. Haro, G. Richard, A. M. Takata,
and P. J. Weller. Jun 80,106p EPA-450/2-80-074
Contract EPA-68-02-3138
Prepared In cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH.
The report presents a literature survey of the health
and ecological effects associated with various air qual-
ity levels of noncriterla pollutants that are regulated
under the Clean Air Act. These noncriterla pollutants
Include mercury, beryllium, asbestos, sulfuric acid mist,
vinyl chloride, hydrogen sulflde, methyl mercaptan, di-
methyl sulfide, dimethyl dlsulfide, carbon disultide and
carbon sulfide. Nationwide emissions are estimated for
each noncriterla pollutant with particular emphasis on
contributions from fossil fuel combustion at stationary
sources. Factors for quantifying emissions from fossil
fuel combustion processes are discussed for each
noncriterla pollutant.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Air quality, Legislation,
Law(Jurisprudence), Mercury(Metal), Beryllium, As-
bestos, Sulfuric acid, Vinyl chloride, Hydrogen sulfide,
Trace elements, Emission, Sampling, Methyl mercap-
tan, Literature surveys, Clean Air Act, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Heavy metals, Sulflde/dlmethyl, Dl-
sulfide/dlmethyl, Carbon sulfide, Ecosystems.
PB60-221245 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Removal and Recovery of Metals and Phosphates
from Municipal Sewag* Sludge. Research rept. Sep
76-Oct 78,
Waterloo Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
Donald S. Scott. Jun 80,45p EPA-600/2-80-037
Grant EPA-R-804669
The purpose of this work was to look at the technical
and economical aspects of add extracting heavy
metals and phosphates from municipal chemical
sludges and subsequently recovering them by lime
neutralization. The results showed that such a process
was technically feasible, but the cost of the process
was economically unattractive. The results should be
valuable In assessing similar technology for removing
heavy metals from municipal sludges.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Sludge,
•Municipalities, 'Sewage treatment, Calcium oxides,
Neutralization, Economic factors, Recovery, Process-
Ing, Cost analysis, Assessments, Removal, 'Heavy
metals.
PB80-221262 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Critical Review of Virus Removal by Coagulation
PTOCMM* and pH Modification*. Final rept Oct 77-
May 79,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Otis J. Sprout. Jun 80,49p* EPA-600/2-80-004
Grant EPA-R-805771
Operation of advanced wastewater and water supply
treatment plants to assure vlrological safety of the ef-
December 1983 937
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fluent relies on each unit process removing a finite
number of viruses. These treatment plants frequently
use chemical coagulation and precipitation at high pH
with hydrated lime as part of the process. These treat-
ment methods offer important opportunities for remov-
al and inactiyatlon of viruses from water and
wastewater. This report is a literature review which ex-
amined the effectiveness of these processes in remov-
ing viruses.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Sewage treatment, pH, Waste
water, Polyelectrolytes, Safety, Calcium oxides, Effec-
tiveness, Water treatment.
PB80-221260 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Program to Prevent the Significant Deterioration
of Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbons, Ni-
trogen Dioxide, and Lead. Interim rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
David R. Dunbar, and Roy A. Paul. Mar 80,718p* EPA-
450/2-80-071
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Section 166 of the 1977 Clean Air Act requires EPA to
conduct a study and to promulgate regulations to pre-
vent significant deterioration of air quality resulting
from carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic com-
pounds (VOC) or hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and lead (Pb). The regulations which are to be
promulgated shall provide specific numerical meas-
ures against which permit applications may be evaluat-
ed. The regulations must also provide a framework for
stimulating improved control technology, protection of
air quality valves, and the fulfillment of the goals and
purposes of the PSD program which are set forth in
Section 160 of the Act. This report identifies and evalu-
ates various alternatives for implementing the PSD
program and describes in detail a number of issues
which need to be resolved in order for the PSD pro-
gram to be effectively carried out. The report identifies
various sources to be affected by the PSD program for
CO, VOC or HC, ozone (O3), NOx and Pb. It also pro-
vides an assessment of the impact in terms of poten-
tial growth which may be precluded as a result of the
PSD program for CO, VOC or HC, O3, NOx and Pb as
compared to the current PSD program for TSP and
SO2. Finally, the report provides an assessment of the
potential consequences of no further regulatory action
for PSD.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Carbon monoxide, Organic
compounds, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Lead(Metal), Ozone, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Substi-
tutes, Sources, *Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement,
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB80-221435 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Shale Symposium: Sampling, Analysis and
Quality Assurance-March 1979. Symposium Pro-
ceedings rept.,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Charles Gale. Jun 80, 618p EPA-600/9-80-022
Grant EPA-R-806156-01
The objective of this symposium was to provide a
forum for the statement of the state-of-the-art in sam-
pling, analysis, and quality assurance of the oil shale
industry pollutants. Opinions from governmental and
industrial research organizations were solicited as to
the future needs in these areas.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Meetings, 'Pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Health, Industries, Sampling,
Quality assurance, Analysis, Proceedings, 'Oil shale
industry, Fugitive emissions, Health hazards, State of
the art.
PB80-221567 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Static Coal Storage - Chemical Effects on the
Aquatic Environment,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior.
Nathan A. Coward, and Joseph W. Horton. Aug 80,
85p EPA-600/3-80-083A
Grant EPA-R-803937-02-0
The aqueous leaching of heavy metals from soft coal
has been examined under a variety of conditions. Vari-
ables examined were pH, particle size, rate of flow,
time of contact, and oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere.
Simple leaching of coal from Western mines with pure
water does not remove large amounts of metal. Metal
removed was in most cases about 0.1 % to 0.5% of the
total metal in the coal. Extended, successive leaches
(of about one week duration) and leaches in a mildly
acid (acetic acid-acetate buffer; pH approximately
equals 4.7) tended to remove larger amounts of some
metals. Leaching with a strong complexing agent re-
moves relatively larger amounts of metal. When
placed in contact with water previously spiked with
metal ions, the coal actually reduces the aqueous con-
centration of many metal ions.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Coal, 'Aquatic biology, Water
pollution, Leaching, Storage, pH, Particle size, Flow
rate, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Mine waters, Acidity, Ions,
Acetic acid, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water
pollution effects(Plants).
PB80-221575 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Preliminary Investigation of the Role of Aquatic
Macrophytes In Heavy Metal Uptake from Water
with Coal Particles,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior.
Rudy G. Koch. Aug 80,23p EPA-600/3-80-083B
Grant EPA-R-803937-02-0
A survey was made and representative samples of
vascular macrophytes from the Superior, Wisconsin-
Duluth, Minnesota Harbor were collected in August
1975 and stored in a frozen condition until processed.
The processed samples were analyzed for environ-
mentally sensitive metal concentrations by flameless
atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Coal, 'Water pollution, 'Aquatic
plants, Atomic spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Growth, temperature,
Humidity, Plant growth, Barium, Zinc, Lead(Metal),
Cobalt, Copper, Manganese, Lake Superior, 'Minne-
sota Harbor, Lemna minor, Vascular plants.
PB80-221583 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Static Coal Storage - Biological Effects on the
Aquatic Environment,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior.
Robert D. Morden. Aug 80,29p EPA-600/3-80-083C
Grant EPA-R-803937-02-0
Benthic samples taken from four regions of the ORBA
Coal dock facility indicated that the aquatic environ-
ment was moderately polluted as indicated by the
kinds of benthic species present and by the diversity
index value. An efficient rearing technique for benthic
organisms results in low mortality. The life cycle from
hatching to pupal formation in the Chironomus sp.
takes 21.9 days at 20.5C. Stress factors and swimming
behavior are also discussed. Heavy metal concentra-
tions in Helobdella stagnalis were found at all sites
during the collecting penod. An inventory of benthic or-
ganisms present in six regions of the St. Louis River
during the spring, summer and all of 1975 is included.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Metals, 'Aquatic biology, 'Water
pollution, Ecology, Benthos, Life cycles. Saint Louis
River, Seasonal variations, Aquatic plants, Aquatic ani-
mals, Storage, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Oata), Lake Superior, Animal behavior, Helob-
della stagnalis, Heavy metals, Chironomus, Species di-
versity, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB80-221591 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Uvermore Regional Air Quality (LIRAQ) Model;
Transfer to EPA. Final rept,
California Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Livermore Lab.
William H. Duewer, John J. Walton, Keith E. Grant, and
Hoyt Walker. Aug 80,230p EPA-600/4-80-041
Methods were developed to convert data from the Re-
gional Air Pollution/Regional Air Monitoring Study
(RAPS/RAMS) into a format compatible with the Liver-
more Regional Air Quality (LIRAQ) models. Changes
made in the LIRAQ models include (1) improved map
plotting routines, (2) updated chemical mechanism,
and (3) a partial S02 oxidation mechanism. Several
appendices are intended to serve as a user's guide to
the LIRAQ models and the associated data conversion
routines.
Keywords: 'Data acquisition, 'Mathematical models,
'Air pollution, Conversion, Air quality data, * Livermore
Regional Air Quality models, Regional Air Pollution
Study, 'Regional Air Monitoring Study.
PB80-221609 PC A99/MF A01
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series. Chemical
Screening: Initial Evaluations of Substantial Rl*k
Notices, Section 8(e), January 1, 1977-June 30,
1979. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 80,606p EPA-560/11-80-008
This collection of Status Reports (initial evaluations)
was prepared by scientists in the EPA Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances (OPTS) on submissions
received between January 1,1977 and June 30,1979
from chemical manufacturers, processors, and distrib-
utors under Section 8(e) of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA). The volume is being published for two
reasons. First, the collection of status reports in a
single volume will make that information more accessi-
ble to the public. Second, the volume may, by provid-
ing specific examples of submitted information and
EPA's evaluation of it, help anyone subject to Section
8(e) to understand better the types of information that
should be submitted to the Agency. To date, no infor-
mation submitted under Section 8(e) has resultecr in
immediate regulatory action under TSCA or any other
act, although some submitted information has trig-
gered further data gathering and evaluation that may
lead to proposal of regulations in the future.
Keywords: 'Risk, 'Chemical compounds, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Regulations, Standards, Forecasting,
Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB80-221674 PC A04/MF A01
Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds.
Guideline series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 79,68p* EPA-450/2-78-041, OAQPS-1.2-115
This document discusses the rationale of total volatile
organics stationary source emission measurement
through the determination of organic carbon mass
concentration. A conceptual approach for writing emis-
sion regulations in terms of volatile organic carbon is
recommended, and drafts of two specific test methods
are presented for regulation implementation. The
methods are the measurement of total gaseous non-
methane organics as carbon by the chromatographic
oxidation/reduction procedure, and the relative organ-
ic measurement derived by direct application of the
flame ionization analyzer.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, Oxidation
reduction, Gas chromatography, Sampling, Substi-
tutes, Chemical analysis, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution detection,
Flame ionization detectors, Procedures.
PB80-221682 PC A04/MF A01
Perspectives on the Top SO Production Volume
Chemicals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
J. Fitzgerald, D. Viviani, C. Berlin, and D. Sterling. Jul
80, 73p EPA-560/13-80-027
Part I examines the Top 50 in light of the Federal regu-
latory and other 'lists' containing them, with specific
emphasis on the TSCA Inventory of Chemicals in
Commerce. A comparison of this data base and two
others is then made with regard to production volume.
Part II contains a general discussion of the chemical
'trees' in which these chemicals are found and the im-
plications of higher energy prices on their manufac-
ture. Part III illustrates the use of the specific regulatory
status and other lists summarized in Part I (as well as
generally available production and use information) to
characterize four members of the Top 50 list.
Keywords: 'Information, Chemical compounds, Deci-
sion making, Data, Regulations, 'Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Lists, Environmental protection.
938 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-221872 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, H.
Quantity-Quality Simulation (QQS) A Detailed Con-
tinuous Planning Model for Urban Runoff Control.
Volume II. Users's Manual. Final rept. Sep 77-Jul 79,
person Consult Ltd., Toronto (Ontario).
Wolfgang F. Geige, and Helmut R. Dorsch. Aug 80,
359pEPA-600/2-80-116
Grant EPA-R-805100
See also Volume 1, PB80-190507.
To calculate urban stormwater and combined sewer
overflow pollution and means for its control, a compre-
hensive mathematical model is presented. The model
(Quantity-Quality Simulation) operates in a continuous
mode and accounts for the unsteady runoff and over-
flow behavior of total drainage systems. Lumping tech-
niques that calculate the runoff from drainage areas
are combined with detailed flow routing through main
and interceptor sewers as well as other structures
such as branches, overflows, basins, pump stations,
control gates and treatment facilities. The computer
Program calculates the runoff in the storm or combined
sewer system and in the receiving waters.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, "Water pollution con-
trol, 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, Manuals, Mathematical
models, Storm sewers, Drainage, Overflows, Control
equipment, Fortran, Flow rate, Pumping, Flood routing,
Sewers, Canada, Computer programs, Fortran 4 pro-
gramming language, Urban hydrology, DTCHCK com-
puter program.
PB80-221930 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Size Measurement by Electrical Mobility
and Diffusion Analysis - A Comparison of Meth-
ods. Final rept. Sep 76-Sep 79,
Paris-6 Univ. (France).
J- Bricard, G. Madeleine, and M. L. Pen-in. Sep 80,79p
EPA-600/3-80-088
Grant EPA-804370
The principle of the electrical aerosol analyzer method
!s reviewed and the diffusion battery method is de-
scribed in detail. An appendix explains the basis of the
calculations used. The diffusion battery method is
complicated by counting losses of very small particles,
inherent to condensation nuclei counters. A calibration
pi such counters is described, and results are intro-
duced into the diffusion battery method; the mathe-
matical details of this correction are discussed in a
second appendix. Thus, the real size distribution of a
Polydisperse, ultrafine aerosol is obtained.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, *Air pollution, Particle size, Dif-
jusion, Mathematical models, Condensation nuclei,
Reviews, Calibrating, Radiolysis, Electric analyzers, Di-
ameters, Measurement.
PBW-221948 PC A03/MF A01
Fate of Toxic and Hazardous Materials In the Air
environment. In-house rept.,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Larry T. Cupitt. Aug 80,35p EPA-600/3-80-084
Tfte atmospheric fate of potentially toxic/hazardous
chemicals currently undergoing assessment by EPA
"as evaluated. Both chemical and physical removal
Processes are discussed. Mathematical descriptions
Of physical removal mechanisms were developed and
applied to specific chemicals, i.e., acrylonitrile, ethyl-
er>e dichloride, perchloroethylene, vinyjidene chloride
and benzo(a)pyrene. Estimates of physical removal by
rainfall suggest half-lives of 300 days or longer for
jnese compounds. Calculations based on reported
Pnoto-decomposition rates of halomethanes in con-
"Ct with silica surfaces (e.g., desert sands) suggest
"alf-lives on the order of 25 years for such halogenat-
80 chemicals, and dry deposition of the other com-
Pounds of interest is probably equally slow. Adsorption
on aerosol particles is a reasonable removal mecha-
nism only for benzo(a)pyrane, and all physical removal
Processes are generally demonstrated to be rather in-
etjicient. Forty-six individual materials were evaluated
Dative to their probable fates and tropospheric life-
j"nes. Known or theoretical rate constants are listed
'Or reaction with hydroxyl radicals and ozone. The
Probability of photolysis and of physical removal was
assessed, and residence lifetimes assigned. Probable
Products of tropospheric oxidation processes were
a'so tabulated.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, Photo-
chemical reactions. Reaction kinetics, Scavenging,
Adsorption, Dissolving, Deposition, Half life, 'Toxic
substances.
PB80-221B55 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Fugitive Dust from Western Surface Coal Mines.
Final rept,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Frank Cook, Arlo Hendrikson, L. Daniel Maxim, and
Paul R. Saunders. Aug 80,257p EPA-600/7-80-158
Contract EPA-68-03-2477
Field measurement of fugitive dust levels were made
250 to 500 meters downwind of mining activities and
areas at four surface coal mines in the Northern Great
Plains during three different climatic conditions. Ambi-
ent dust levels were also monitored. Wide ranges of
temperature, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation,
soil moisture, and mining activity levels are represent-
ed in the field data. Statistical data analyses were ex-
tensively employed to examine trends, test hypoth-
eses and explore relationships.
Keywords: 'Coal dust, 'Air pollution, Coal mines,
Measurement, Monitoring, Trends, Statistical data,
Statistical analysis, Tables(Data), 'Fugitive emissions,
Northern Great Plains Region(United States), Western
Region(United States).
PB80-222037 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of Thermal Pollution of Pelagic Larvae of
Crustacea. Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
A. N. Sastry. Jul 80,65p EPA-600/3-80-064
Grant EPA-R-800981
Larvae of six species, Cancer irroratus, C. borealis and
Homarus americanus of coastal waters (high salinity),
and Palaemonetes pugio, Pagurus longicarpus and
Rhithropanopeus harrisii, from the estuarine region
(variable salinity) were studied. Larvae were cultured
at various combinations of temperature and salinity
and highest survival rates and limits for complete de-
velopment determined. Coastal species have a more
restrictive temperature range. Thermal tolerance limits
for larvae of the primarily estuarine P. pugio were
higher compared to larvae of coastal species, C. irrora-
tus and H. americanus. When temperature and low dis-
solved oxygen stresses were combined, thermal toler-
ance limits of C. irroratus larvae were altered. Survival
was better for C. irroratus larvae cultured under certain
daily cyclic regimes vs. a constant temperature. In con-
trast, larvae of P. pugio showed no significant differ-
ences in either survival or developmental rate when
under cyclic vs. constant temperatures.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Ecology, 'Larvae, 'Thermal
pollution, 'Estuaries, Thermal stresses. Salinity,
Ocean temperature, Survival, Coasts, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Growth, Tolerances(Physiology), Me-
tabolism, Diurnal variations, Shrimps, Rhode Island,
Cancer irroratus, Cancer borealis, Homarus ameri-
canus, Palaemor-tea pugio, Pagurus longicarpus,
Rhithropanopeus harrisii.
PB80-222045 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Dissolved Oxygen Measurements In Ohio Streams
Following Urban Runoff. Final rept. Mar 77-Dec 78,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Water Resources Center.
Robert C. Stiefel. Jul 80,84p EPA-600/2-80-092
EPA-R-805201
Thirteen towns and cities in Ohio, situated on streams
and rivers having different mean daily flow rates, were
investigated during the summer and spring of 1977 to
determine their suitability as sites for more extensive
field studies on the impacts of urban runoff on dis-
solved oxygen (D. O.) levels in the streams. The towns
included Akron, Bucyrus, Delphos, Findlay, Lancaster,
Lima, Newark, Norwalk, Tiffin, Upper Sandusky, Wapa-
koneta, Washington Court House and Wooster.
Among factors considered in the selection process
were a demonstrable impact of the urban runoff on D.
O. levels, accessibility to stream sampling locations,
and the availability of stream and precipitation gages.
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Surface water runoff, 'Dis-
solved gases, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Streams, Precipitation(Meteorology), Seasonal vari-
ations, Rain gages, Sites, Combined sewers, Ohio,
'Urban hydrology, Storm water runoff.
PB80-222052 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Experimental/Engineering Support for EPA's FBC
Program: Final Report. Volume IV, Engineering
Studies. Final rept. Dec 75-78,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
J. R. Hamm, D. F. Ciliberti, R. W. Wolfe, R. A. Newby,
and D. L. Keairns. Jan 80,112p EPA-600/7-80-015d
Contract EPA-68-02-2132
See also PB80-219256.
The report gives results of engineering studies ad-
dressing several aspects of fluidized-bed combustion
(FBC) system design and performance, as applied to
coal. It reviews an evaluation of the impact of SO2
emission requirements of FBC system performance
and cost. Stringent S02 emission requirements can be
satisfied economically if design and operating param-
eters are properly selected. An alternative SO2 control
concept for pressurized FBC (PFBC), pressurized
scrubbing of the products of combustion with water, is
evaluated.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Air pollution
control, Coal, Sulfur oxides, Scrubbers, Performance
evaluation, Gas turbines, Particles, Dust, Cost analy-
sis, Environmental impacts.
PB80-222086 PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Long-Term Rapid Infiltration System
Studies,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Lowell E. Leach, Carl G. Enfield, and Curtis C. Harlin,
Jr. Jul 80, 59p EPA-600/2-80-165
This report was initiated with the objective of summa-
rizing and comparing the data published in individual
reports of four long-term rapid infiltration municipal
wastewater systems. Evaluation of this data provides
the user community with a condensed assessment of
the treatment received at each of these sites from
which projected treatment of planned systems can be
estimated.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Fluid infiltration, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Municipalities, Design criteria, Land use,
Seepage, Chemical properties, Soil properties, Phos-
phorus, Coliform bacteria, Field tests, Operations,
Flow rate, Tables(Data), Rapid infiltration.
PB80-222409 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Waste and Water Management for Conventional
Coal Combustion Assessment Report-1979.
Volume III. Generation and Characterization of
FGC (Flue Gas Cleaning) Wastes. Final rept. Sep
77-Aug 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, R. R. Lunt, C. B. Cooper, D. E.
Klimschmidt, and I. Bodek. Mar 80,259p EPA-600/7-
80-012C
Contract EPA-68-02-2654
See also Volume 1, PB80-158884.
The report, the third of five volumes, focuses on trends
in generation of coal ash and FGD wastes (together
comprising FGC wastes) and the characteristics of
these wastes. With increasing use of coal, the genera-
tion of FGC wastes is expected to increased dramati-
cally: to about 115 million tons of coal ash and 38.7
million tons of FGD wastes by the year 2000. Most of
these wastes will be disposed of on land. Data on the
chemical characteristics of fly ash, bottom ash, and
both treated and untreated FGD wastes in this report
include data on principle components, composition
ranges for trace components, and leaching behavior.
Based on the characteristics of FGD wastes, a catego-
rization of these wastes is also presented. Ongoing
programs on chemical characterization are assessed.
The fundamental physical properties of FGC wastes
are density, size, and crystal morphology. The critical
physical and engineering properties are those relating
December 1983 939
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to handling characteristics, placement and filling char-
acteristics, long-term stability, and pollutant mobility.
The report includes information on index properties,
consistency-water retention, viscosity vs. water con-
tent, compaction/compression behavior, dewatering
characteristics, strength parameters, permeability, and
weathering characteristics. Further efforts in this area
are recommended: key is data from full-scale disposal
sites.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Water pollution, Fly
ash, Air pollution control, Trace elements, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Physical properties,
Management planning, Leaching, Dewatering, Assess-
ments, Electric power plants, Flue gas desulfurization,
Land disposal.
PB80-222425 PC A03/MF A01
Thermal Analysis of the (SCO 1680 Portable
Wastewater Sampler,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natl, OH.
Philip C. L. Lin. Jun 80,49p EPA-600/4-80-033
A mathematical model was developed to simulate the
operation of the (SCO 1680 automatic wastewater
sampler. This study was similar to the one carried out
earlier with the Manning S-4000 sampler. The objec-
tive was to determine the feasibility of developing an
automatic sampler with adequate ice compartment for
sample preservation. The model was used to confirm
the validity of sample cooling predictions under vari-
able conditions. Experimental measurements on the
sample cooling process were also conducted. Data
obtained during operation of the ISCO sampler cooling
system under varying conditions indicated that the ac-
curacy of the mathematical model was within + or -
2C.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Automatic control equipment,
'Waste water, Mathematical models, Cooling, Feasi-
bility, Operations, Accuracy, Preserving, Sampling.
PBBO-222433 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems User
Guide: Fine Particle Emissions Information
System. Final rept. Sep 78-Sep 79,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. P. Reider, and R. J. Larkin. Jan 80,290p EPA-600/8-
80-007
Contracts EPA-68-02-2641, EPA-68-02-2699
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA. Energy and Environmental Div.
The report is a user guide to the Fine Particle Emis-
sions Information System (FPEIS), a computerized
data base on particulate emissions from stationary
point sources. The FPEIS is one of four waste stream
data bases which are components of the Environmen-
tal Assessment Data Systems (EADS). The EADS con-
cept has been designed to aid researchers in environ-
mental assessment, emissions characterization, and
control technology development. The FPEIS contains
data from source sampling which may include: particle
size distributions; design and typical operating data on
control technology applied to the particle-laden efflu-
ent stream; analysis of any fuel or feedstock to the
process producing the effluent stream; results of
chemical, physical, radiological, and biological/eco-
logical tests of particulate samples; process descrip-
tions of the sources; and descriptions of the sampling
equipment and techniques employed. The FPEIS pro-
tocol is consistent with Level 1 and 2 reporting require-
ments. The guide gives detailed instructions for encod-
ing FPEIS data sets, defines procedures for submitting
and retrieving data, and contains standard nomencla-
ture to facilitate data encoding. It also contains a pro-
gram library that describes analytical software avail-
able to the user and provides instructions for its use.
The report also discusses procedures which will allow
its users to access the FPEIS.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution,
•Fines, 'Manuals, Particles, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Oust, Data
storage. Data retrieval, Particle size distribution, 'Fine
particle emissions Information system, 'Stationary
sources, Environmental assessment data systems.
PB80-222474 PC A02/MF A01
Electric Fields Under Power Lines (Supplement to
'An Examination of Electric Fields Under EHV
(Extra-High-Voltage) Overhead Power Transmis-
sion Lines'). Final rept.,
Office of Naval Research Scientific Liaison Group,
APO San Francisco 96503.
Marc Wigdor. Mar 80,25p ORP/EAD-80-1
See also report dated Apr 77, PB-270 613.
The electric field strengths under 115KV electric
power transmission lines was measured and com-
pared to results from an earlier study.
Keywords: 'Power transmission lines, 'Electric fields,
Safety engineering, Field strength, High voltage, Data.
PB80-222506 PC A05/MF A01
Radiation Exposures from Solidification Process-
es for Hlgh-Level Radioactive Liquid Wastes.
Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
William F. Holcomb, William N. Crofford, Raymond L.
Clark, and Frederick C. Sturz. May 80,82p* EPA-520/
3-80-007
The Office of Radiation Programs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (ORP/EPAj has prepared this anal-
ysis as technical support for EPA's proposed environ-
mental radiation protection standards, 40 CFR 191,
concerning the management and disposal of high-
level radioactive wastes. For Subpart A of 40 CFR 191,
waste management and storage operations, EPA pro-
poses to extend the limitations of 40 CRR 190 to these
operations. EPA/ORP developed a generic high-level
liquid waste solidification .plant and assessed the po-
tential environmental impact of atmospheric dis-
charges during normal operations in four solidification
processes: fluidized-bed calcination, spray calcination
and glassification by in-can melting and continuous
melting. The authors used a newly developed comput-
er code, AIRDOS-EPA, to perform the assessment.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Solidification,
Standards, Air pollution, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Radioactive wastes,
'Liquid wastes, Radioactive waste management.
PB80-222532 PC A19/MF A01
National Emissions Report, 1977: National Emis-
sions Data System of the Aerometrlc and Emis-
sions Reporting System. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Mar 80,437p EPA-450/4-80-005
See also report dated Jul 78, PB-292 252.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: particulates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Summa-
ry data are presented for the nation as a whole, for in-
dividual states, and for Air Quality Control Regions and
individual interstate portions thereof.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Estimates, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, United States, States(United
States), Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
'Air quality data, National Emissions Data System,
Aerometric and Emissions Reporting System, Clean
Air Act, Air quality control regions.
PB80-2226S6 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Pollutant Control Techniques for Crushed and
Broken Stone Industry. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Atul Kothari, and Richard Gerstle. May 80,270p EPA-
450/3-80-019
Contracts EPA-68-01-4177, EPA-68-02-2603
Air pollutant control technologies for the control of par-
ticulate emissions from crushed and broken stone pro-
duction facilities are evaluated. Specific control tech-
nologies considered include the use of local ventilation
followed by fabric filter collection and wet dust sup-
pression techniques. Performance data based on
mass particulate measurements and visual observa-
tions are presented. In addition, the capital and annua-
lized emission control costs for several model plant
sizes are estimated. The environmental and energy Im-
pacts associated with each control technology evalu-
ated are also presented. Alternative regulatory options
available are identified and evaluated in terms of their
enforceability, impact on the environment, cost and
impact on energy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Crushed
stone, Industrial wastes, Technology, Sources, Dust,
Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Monitoring,
Regulations, Performance evaluation, Crushing,
Design criteria, Equipment, Fugitive emissions, Energy
PB80-222672 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Determination of Pentachlorophenol and Hexach-
lorobenzene Residues. Final rept. Jan-Jul 80,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Duane B. Lakings, Wilma Subra, and John Going. Jun
80,99p EPA-560/13-80-030
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
Prepared in cooperation with Gulf South Research
Inst., New Orleans, LA.
An evaluation of possible exposure to pentachloro-
phenol (PGP) by residents in Madison County, Ken-
tucky, who had obtained ammunition crate wood treat-
ed with PCP from the Blue Grass Army Depot was con-
ducted. Serum and unconjugated urine levels of PCP
were determined in 51 test cases and 47 control indi-
viduals and in 7 special cases (residents of log homes
treated with PCP). In addition, air, food product, and
wood samples collected at the residences were ana-
lyzed for PCP residues. The results showed smilar PCP
levels in the serum and urine of the test cases and
control individuals. No PCP was detected in the air col-
lected from these groups' residences; and the levels of
PCP exposure from the ammunition crate wood. How-
ever, high PCP levels were found in the serum and
urine of the special cases, particularly three young chil-
dren who had PCP serum levels above 1,000 ppo (40
times the control individual average). Air and wood
samples from a special case residence also contained
PCP. Thus, the special cases were being subjected to
PCP exposure and additional studies on log home resi-
dences are recommended to define the exposure level
and the possible adverse health effects. No hexachtor-
obenzene was found in any samples.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Evaluation, Resi-
dues, Kentucky, Blood serum, Urine, Wood, Food
products, Quality conrol, Blood chemical analysis,
Madison County(Kentucky), 'Phenol/pentachloro,
'Benzene/hexachloro, 'Toxic substances, Analytical
methods.
PB80-222730 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstration of Debris Basin Effectiveness In
Sediment Control. Final rept. 1971-79,
Kentucky Dept. of Natural Resources and Environ-
mental Protection, Frankfort.
R. E. Bednar, D. J. Fluke, and L. Robert Kimball. Aug
80,112p EPA-600/7-80-154
Grant EPA-S-801276
Prepared in cooperation with Kimball (L. Robert) and
Associates, Ebensburg, PA.Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.
This report presents the results of a demonstration of
the effectiveness of debris basins in controlling solids
in water discharging from surface mine operations. A
site in Eastern Kentucky was selected for study in an
area where very little erosion-causing activity has oc-
curred and where surface mining was to be initiated.
An adjacent 'virgin' watershed was also selected to
provide background data on water quality where man's
activities have been very limited.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Mine waters, 'Catch basins,
'Sediments, Erosion control, Surface mining, Drain-
age, Solids, Feasibility, Performance,
Precipitation(Meteorology). Atmospheric temperature,
Flow rate, Watersheds, Kentucky.
PBBO-223043 PC E99
Treatabillty Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jul80,3333p-in5v
940 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fet Includes PB80-223050, PB80-223068, PB80-
223076, PB80-223084, and PB80-223092.
No abstract available.
PB80-223050 PC A99/MF A01
Treatabillty Manual. Volume I: Testability Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
office of Research and Development.
Jul80,1035pEPA-600/8-80-042A
fee also Volume 2, PB80-223068.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB80-
Volume I is a compendium of treatabllity data for spe-
cific compounds. Volume I of the Treatability Manual
supplies data on specific compounds. It is intended to
provide facile reference to physical data on the pollut-
ants, their occurrence patterns, and methods of treat-
ment and/or removal.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water pollution control,
Manuals, Inorganic compounds, Metals, Ethers,
"Jthalates, Nitrogen, Aromatic compounds, Hydrocar-
°ons, Blphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Halohy-
wpcarbon. Phenols, Polycycllc compounds, Pesti-
wles, Oxygen.
PB80-223068 PC A99/MF A01
Treatabllity Manual. Volume II: Industrial Descrip-
tions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
y»ice of Research and Development.
Jul 80,978p EPA-600/8-80-042B
g«e also Volume 1, PB80-223050 and Volume 3,
PB80-223076.
Atao available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB80-
Volume II of the Treatability Manual provides generic
Process descriptions lor the industrial categories
listed. The objective of this volume is to characterize
me wastewaters dischared on a facility by facility
oasis, prior to treatment and after treatment, the pollu-
"on control methods used with the treated final efflu-
ent pollutant concentrations are also provided.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Industrial waste treatment,
water pollution control, Standard, Electric power
Plants, Wood, Textiles, Paints, Metals, Wood pulp,
J-eather, Copper, Mineral ores, Explosives, Plastics,
Machinery, Adhesive, Iron and steel industry, Inorganic
compounds, Coal mining, Electroplating, Automobiles.
PBflO-223076 PC A99/MF A01
".'••lability Manual. Volume III: Technologist for
Control/Removal of Pollutant*.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"trice of Research and Development.
Jul 80,730p EPA-600/6-60-042C
gee also Volume 2, PB80-223068 and Volume 4,
PB80-223084.
all? available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB80-
JW» volume presents performance data and related
27 micrograms Cd/liter, 17 to 38
micrograms Cu/liter, and 93 to 815 micrograms Zn/
liter. Steelhead were consistently more sensitive to
these metals than were Chinook salmon. When a sen-
sitive life stage for acute toxicity tests with metals Is
sought, the more resistant newly hatched alevins
should be avoided. Although tolerance may increase
with age, all later juvenile life stages are more sensitive
and should give similar results.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Cadmium, 'Copper, *Zinc,
Salmon, Trout, Lethal dosage,
Cpncentration(Composition), Tolerances(Physiology),
Fishes, Water pollution, Reprints, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha, 'Heavy metals, 'Toxic substances,
Steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB80-223821 PC A02/MF A01
Water Treatment Modal for Pollutant Exposurs
Assessment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Kenneth F. Hedden. 8 Apr 80,23p EPA-600/J-80-041
Pub. in Jnl. Environ. Set. Health A15(4), p2B5-305
1980.
A mathematical model of potable water treatment for
toxic substance removal for use in exposure assess-
ment modeling has been developed, the sedimenta-
tion, coagulation-flocculation, filtration, aeration,
chemical oxidation, and granular activated carbon ad-
sorption treatment processes are modeled. The re-
sults of an example run of the model are presented.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Water pollution, Potable
water, Mathematical models, Exposure, Assessments,
Sedimentation, Coagulation, Flocculating, Filtration,
Oxidation, Adsorption, Reprints, Drinking water, 'Toxic
substances, Toxic Substances Control Act, Public Law
94-469.
PB80-223639 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Multichannel Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer Modified
to Minimize and Correct Scattered Light Effects.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Charles E. Taylor, and Terrance L. Floyd. 23 Oct 79,
10pEPA-600/J-80-040
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v34 n4 p472-477 1980.
In a study of an Inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometer, data from an early commer-
December 1983 941
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
clally available instrument are compared with data
from the same instrument after modifications to cor-
rect observed Inadequacies were made. Results show
negligible changes in powers of detection but consid-
erable reductions in scattered light interferences fol-
lowing the installation of a holographic grating.
Keywords: 'Atomic spectroscopy, Spectrometers,
Laboratory equipment, Design, Reprints.
PB80-223662 PC A03/MF A01
Revision to State Implementation Plans - Proce-
dures for Approval/Disapproval Actions. Guideline
series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 76,45p OAQPS-1.2-005A
Regional EPA offices are delegated maximum respon-
sibility allowed under the law to process rulemaking
actions. Consequently, EPA headquarters review re-
sponsibilities will be reduced to be consistent with the
increase in the Regional Office's responsibility in proc-
essing SIP rulemaking actions. However, despite in-
creased Regional Office responsibility, EPA headquar-
ters will retain the concurrence role in 'special action'
cases. This document supersedes Interim Guideline
OAQPS1.2-005A (Revised) to implement this policy.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, National govern-
ment, Government policies, 'Guidelines, 'Implemen-
tation Air Pollution Planning program, 'State imple-
mentation plans, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB80-223670 PC A02/MF A01
Guidelines for the Interpretation of Air Quality
Standards. Guideline series rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 74,22p OAQPS-1.2-008F
This guideline document discusses a series of issues
concerning the interpretation of air quality data as it re-
lates to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQSJ. The issues presented deal with points of in-
terpretation that have frequently resulted in requests
for further clarification. This document states each
issue with a recommendation and a discussion indicat-
ing our current position. It is hoped that this document
will serve as a useful step in the evolutionary develop-
ment of a uniform and consistent set of criteria for re-
lating ambient air quality data to the NAAQS.
Keywords: Air pollution, Interpretation, Standards,
•Guidelines, 'Air quality data, 'National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, *Air pollution standards.
PB80-22368« PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for Air Quality Monitoring Network
Design and Instrument Siting. Supplement A. CO
Siting. Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 75,44pOAQPS-1.2-012R1
The purpose of this supplement Is to provide further
assistance in resolving questions which commonly
arise in the siting of CO monitors. The main body of the
guideline document (OAQPS No. 1.2-012) contains
summaries of the information provided In detail. This
supplement represents the most current OAQPS posi-
tion on the siting of CO instruments and supersedes all
previous guidance material previously issued.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Site surveys, Air pollu-
tion, 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution sampling, Monitoring.
PB80-223896
PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for Air Quality Monitoring Network
Design and Instrument Sitting (Revised). Guideline
series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 75, SOp OAQPS-1.2-012R2
A series of scoping tests designed to explore the effect
of shroud heating on Zlrcaloy cladding deformation
was conducted In the single-rod test facility, which was
recently modified to permit Independent heating com-
parison of the test results, the series Included tests
under conditions used previously. Significantly greater
deformation was observed In heated shroud tests than
would be greater from unheated shroud tests. Fabrica-
tion of fuel pin simulators for the B-5 (8x8) bundle test
continued with 90% of the required number being
completed. Five fuel pin simulators, identical to the
simulators used in the Japanese Atomic Energy Re-
search Institute multirod bundle burst tests, were deliv-
ered by the Japanese manufacturer. The surface tem-
peture distribution of the simulators was characterized
for several heating rates by infrared scanning and was
compared to similar characterizations of Oak Ridge
National Laboratory simulators. Plans are under way
for conducting burst tests on the Japanese simulators
in the single-rod facility.
Keywords: 'Nuclear fuel rods, 'Nuclear reactor
safety, Nuclear fuel assemblies, Nuclear fuel claddings,
Nuclear fuel pins, Nuclear reactor accidents, Loss of
coolant, Reactor safety experiments, Shrouds.
PB80-223704 PC A03/MF A01
Procedures for Flow and Auditing of Air Quality
Data. Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 74,45p OAQPS-1.2-013R
The purpose of this guideline is to provide the Regional
Offices of EPA with guidance on data auditing tech-
niques that should be followed as part of the proce-
dure for inputting air quality data into the National Aer-
ometric Data Bank. In conjunction with this Guideline,
the MDAD is also developing sophisticated data edit,
validation and quality control programs which should
help smooth the transition between current and
planned Regional Office air quality data responsibil-
ities. This report will serve on an interim basis until
more explicit and detailed guidance is developed.
Keywords: 'Data acquisition, Air pollution, Input, 'Air
quality data, 'National Aerometric Data Bank, 'Guide-
lines.
PB80-223712 PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Air Quality
Trends. Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 74,33p OAQPS-1.2-014
•ocedures
that can be employed by the air pollution data analyst
to evaluate trends in air quality. Trends will be general-
ly considered as the broad long-term movement in the
overall time sequence of historical air quality measure-
ments. It will be examined in two ways. First will be in
the form of a trend line or curve over time. Second will
be a statistical categorization of the general direction
of the movement over time, i.e., upward, downward, or
no change. Associated with the second approach can
be estimates of the rate of change of deterioration of
improvement in the air quality. Most trend analysis can
be performed upon aggregate measures of air quality
estimates such as averages.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, Statistical analysis,
'Guidelines.
PB80-223720 PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Air Quality Data.
Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 74,37p OAQPS-1.2-015
The purpose of this guideline doucment is to present
the basic elements of air quality data analysis that are
essential In preparing reports describing the air quality
status of a given region. With this aim in mind, empha-
sis has been placed upon describing both the conven-
tions and the methodology to be employed with mini-
mum discussion of the associated statistical theory.
Much of the material that is presented has been treat-
ed before but for the sake of completeness, is reiterat-
ed in this document with appropriate references indi-
cated.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Statistical analysis, Evalua-
tion, 'Guidelines, Air quality data.
PB80-223738 PC A06/MF A01
Control Strategy Preparation Manual for Photo-
chemical Oxldant. Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 77,105p OAQPS-1.2-047
The Clean Air Act, as amended, provided that for each
national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) promul-
gated by the EPA, a State Implementation Plan (SIP)
was to be developed which was to contain emission
control measures that would provide for attainment
and maintenance of such national standards, generally
within three years of the approval of the SIP. This Con-
trol Strategy Preparation Manual for Photochemical
Oxidant has been prepared to provide guidance to
State and local control agencies on the development
of an approvable control plan. The procedures out-
lined in this document should be followed by States, or
EPA where necessary, in developing an approvable
control strategy for photochemical oxidant. Section I
provides an overview of the various factors to be con-
sidered in the development of an approvable control
strategy for photochemical oxidant. Section II sets
forth a fairly concise step-by-step procedure that a
control strategy developer should follow in preparing
an approvable control strategy. Section III provides, in
question-and-answer format, additional Information to
provide a more detailed explanation of the recom-
mended procedures outlined in Section II. Section IV
includes additional information on existing inspection/
maintenance programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Oxidizers, Local
government, State government, Methodology, Strate-
gy, 'Guidelines, 'Photochemical oxidants, *State im-
plementation plans, 'Implementation Air Pollution
Planning programs, National ambient air quality stand-
ards.
PB80-223746 PC A08/MF A01
SIP (State Implementation Plan) Preparation
Manual for NOx. Guideline series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangte
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 76.171 p OAQPS-1.2-048
The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1970, provided that
for each national ambient air quality standard
(NAAQS) promulgated by the Administrator, a State
Implementation Plan (SIP) for each Air Quality Control
Region (AQCR) was to be developed which was to
contain emission control measures that would provide
for attainment and maintenance of the SIP. It is now
believed that continued growth of nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions from mobile and stationary sources in a
number of cases will make it difficult to maintain na-
tional standards in some areas where they are not
presently being exceeded. Thus, additional NOx emis-
sion control measures may be necessary in some
areas to assure attainment and maintenance of nation-
al standards. This SIP Preparation Manual for NOx has
been prepared to provide guidance to EPA Regional
Offices and State and local control agencies on the
development of in approvable control strategy for ni-
trogen oxides.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement, State government, Local government,
'Guidelines, 'State implementation plans, "Implemen-
tatin Air Pollution Planning program.
PB80-2237S3 PC A02/MF A01
Regulatory and Technical Control Stragetles for
Fine Particles. Guideline series rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Joseph Padgett, and J. D. Bachmann. Jun 77,17p
OAQPS-1.2-076
This paper discusses the Implications of available in-
formation for the development of technical and regula-
tory control strategies for fine paniculate matter. Al-
though it has been widely assumed to be a desirable
goal, results of research activities in recent years have
led to questions regarding the effectiveness and desir-
ability of an undlfierentlated fine particle standard.
Control of specific categories of fine particles, with
continued reliance on the current TSP, may be a more
effective regulatory approach.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Particles, 'Fires,
Strategy, 'Guidelines.
942 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-223761 PC A04/MF A01
Guideline on Procedures lor Constructing Air Pol-
Wnon Isopleth Profiles and Population Exposure
Analysis. Guideline series rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
jrark, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
0« 77,74p OAQPS-1.2-083, EPA-450/2-77-024A
=«ealsoPB80-223779.
This guideline document provides an overview of
methodologies that exist for constructing pollutant iso-
Pieth displays and for estimating population exposure
JJ «r pollutants from air monitoring data. Actual exam-
Pjes of the methodologies are presented for applica-
W>ns to data for the New York-New Jersey-Connecti-
«« area and for the Los Angeles area. This report is to
•ssist the EPA's Regional Offices and States in re-
viewing their data bases to determine feasibility of per-
jpmiing isopleth/population exposure analyses, and to
guide regional, stete, and local air pollution control
agencies in actually conducting such analyses. A pop-
ulation exposure analysis, which combines air quality
°ata and demographic data to estimate population ex-
posure to air pollution, is outlined. A companion 'Users
Manual' describes existing computer software applica-
Keywords: "Populations, "Air pollution, "Exposure,
Nomographs, Methodology, Estimating, Spatial dlstri-
ouoon, Mapping, "Guidelines, Procedures.
fB80-223779 PC A08/MF A01
"••re Manual for Preparation of Air Pollution Iso-
»i»h Profile* and Population Exposure Analysis.
.,
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Neil H. Frank, and Margaret Swann. Oct 77, 1 22p
UAQPS-1 .2-083A, EPA-450/2-77-024B
See also PB80-223761.
This report is a companion document to the Guideline
°n Procedures for Constructing Air Pollution Isopleth
profiles and Population Exposure Analysis (OAQPS
JJp. 1.2-083). It contains an overview of the analysis
Procedures and documentation for computer software.
II.I58 Programs (SYMAP, Tricon and Hybrid) can be
"&ed to produce computer-drawn maps for isopleth
analysis. Two programs (LPEM and SPEM) are used
"or spatial interpolation and population exposure anal-
ysis.
Keywords: "Populations, "Exposure, "Air pollution,
Nomographs, Manuals, Methodology, Computer pro-
grams, Estimating, Spatial distribution, "Guidelines,
procedures, Long Term Population Exposure Model,
an*rt Term Population Exposure Model.
£880-224041 PC A03/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
gegtanvill.
!)•£•* of 802 Control Alternatives for Colstrlp
Xnjjj No. 3 and No. 4,
C/L ^nvironmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
J- C. Seme, and Norman A. Huey. Jan 78, 45p EPA-
808/1-78-006
^ntract EPA-68-01 -41 40
Montana Power Company is planning construction of
jwo additional coal-fired electric generating units at its
;acility at Colstrip, Montana. Colstrip Units no. 3 and
no. 4 will be equipped with scrubbers to remove partic-
SJtea and sulfur dioxide, as required to meet New
source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Class I
prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) regula-
™ns. The objective of this study Is to evaluate the 5O2
Control alternatives for Units no. 3 and no. 4. The
r^an and performance of the scrubbers serving Units
*>• 1 and no. 2 are described. SuHur dioxide emission
rates from Units no. 3 and no. 4 are predicted, assum-
!"9 a similar scrubber design and performance as re-
Pprted for the existing units. Potential modifications to
?* Planned scrubber design which might be expected
j° Improve SO2 collection efficiencies are described. A
P"8' summary of alternative S02 control systems po-
*"t)«lly available for Colstrip Units no. 3 and no. 4 is
Cost estimates, Performance tests, Montana, Coal-
fired power plants, Colstrip.
PB80-224058 PC A03/MF A01
NOx National Emission Inventory Estimates. Tech-
nical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mark Wolcott. Aug 80,32p EPA-AA-TEB-80-19
This report presents the current and projected esti-
mates of the national emissions inventory for oxides of
nitrogen (NOx). A description of the methodology used
to calculate the inventory Is also provided. These in-
ventories were used in the acid rain analysis per-
formed in support of the Draft Regulatory Analysis, En-
vironmental Impact Statement and Nox Pollutant Spe-
cific Study for Proposed Gaseous Emission for 1985
and Later Model Year Light Duty Trucks and Heavy
Duty Engines. The emphasis of this report is on the
projected change in national NOx emissions from
1977 to 1999. The impact of the proposed regulations
on rain acidity is assumed to be proportional to total
NOx emissions. While the inventories were used to
support the draft regulatory analysis, they can also be
used independently since an inventory is presented for
the currently promulgated regulations as well as for the
proposed regulations.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Air pollution, Exhaust
emissions, Nitrogen oxides, Exhaust gases, Inventory
models, Regulations.
along with cost performance Information
jnd associated environmental and engineering sacri-
: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution con-
"Sulfur dioxide, Scrubbers. Air pollution, Design,
PB80-224082 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Gasohol, TBA (Tertiary Butyl Alcohol), MTBE
(Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) Effects on Light-
Duty Emissions. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowski. Oct 79,148p EPA-460/3-79-012
Contract EPA-68-03-2377
This report describes the laboratory testing of unlead-
ed gasoline and gasoline mixtures containing ethanol,
tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), and methyl tertiary butyl
ether (MTBE). Four different vehicles were employed
in this study. Analytical procedures for the measure-
ment of TBA and ethanol in exhaust and evaporative
emissions were developed. Regulated and several un-
regulated emission rates were determined during the
entire Federal Test Procedures (FTP) for each vehicle
using several gasolines. The exhaust emission rates of
hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of
nitrogen (NOx), individual hydrocarbons (IHC), and al-
dehydes are reported In grams per kilometer. Evapora-
tive emissions for total hydrocarbons, TBA, and etha-
nol are reported in grams.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Automotive fuels, Fuel
additives, Gasoline, Ethanols, Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution, Unleaded gasoline, Gasohol.
PB80-224231 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Sampling Strategies 'or Water Quality In the Great
Lakes. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Raymond P. Canale, Leon M. DePalma, and William F.
Powers. Jun 80,88p EPA-600/3-80-055
Grant EPA-R-803754
The major goal of this project was to investigate the
potential applications of Kalman filtering and modern
optimization techniques to the design of sampling
strategies for water quality in the Great Lakes. Two
representative problems of general limnological inter-
est with considerably different characteristics were
studied.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Sampling, "Great Lakes,
Limnology, Concentratk>n(Compo8ition), Chlorides,
Phosphorus, Mathematical models, Lake Michigan,
Saginaw Bay.
PB80-224249 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
nati.OH.
Identification and Detection of Water-Borne Vi-
ruses by Immunoenzymitlc Methods. Final rept.
Apr75-Mar80,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
John E. Herrmann. Jun 80,46p EPA-600/4-80-034
Grant EPA-R-803360
A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) was used for identification of viruses selected
as representative water-borne viruses: pollovirus 1,
echovirus 6, coxsackievirus A9, and coxsackie B vi-
ruses. Partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific
antibodies were absorbed to polystyrene spectropho-
tometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be re-
ported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifi-
cally reacting. Inhibitors in diluents used to prevent
non-specific adsoption of immunoreagents caused de-
sorption varied with the type of preparation used, and
antibody desorption was dependent on the concentra-
tion of antibody initially adsorbed. For specific identifi-
cation of a given enterovirus type by the ELISA
method, approximately 100,000 plaque-forming units
of virus per assay tube were required. To alleviate the
problem of antibody and virus desorption, antibodies
and virus were immobilized by covalent linkage on
nylon balls for use in solid-phase enzyme-linked im-
munoassays. A higher percentage of virus could be im-
mobilized by this method than was possible by adsorp-
tion to polystyrene, and enzyme-linked immunoassay
on nylon was sufficiently specific to differentiate the
three polioviru i types.
Keywords: "Viruses, Detection, Identifying, Waste
water, Water, "Immunoenzyme technics. Monitoring.
PB80-224256 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Diesel Paniculate Control: Particle
Size Measurements. Final rept. Nov 78-Nov 79,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
Joseph D. McCain, and M. Gregory Faulkner. Dec 79,
26p SORI-EAS-79-778, EPA-600/7-79-232C
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
The report gives results of tests on an Oldsmobile 98
diesel automobile to obtain data on parameters typical
of a light duty vehicle. Data are presented for oper-
ations under four simulated driving conditions. (The in-
creasing appearance of the diesel engine on the pas-
senger car market has led to concern over paniculate
emissions (smoke) from these engines. Possible con-
trol strategies involving paniculate collection In the hot
exhaust stream requires knowledge of the concentra-
tions and size distributions of the paniculate matter at
exhaust conditions.)
Keywords: "Exhaust gases, "Diesel engines, *Air pol-
lution, Assessments, Dust, Smoke, Particles, Air pollu-
tion control, Automobiles, Particles size, Cooling,
Concentration(Composition).
PB80-224686 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Limnology of Michigan's Nearshore Waters of
Lakes Superior and Huron. Final rept. 1974-76,
Michigan Dept of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
R. E. Beach, C. H. Pecor, R. C. Waybrant, and D. E.
Kenaga. Jut 80,191p EPA-600/3-80-059
Grant EPA-R-005146-01
Limnological assessments, including water and sedi-
ment chemistry, bacterial densities, zoo- and phyto-
plankton and benthic macroinvertebrate community
structure, and fish contaminants, were performed at 24
locations In Michigan's nearshore waters of Lakes Su-
perior and Huron in 1974 and 1975. The nearshore
waters of Lake Superior were all oligotrophic with gen-
erally high water quality as reflected by consistently
high dissolved oxygen, reactive silica and nitrate, and
low phosphorus, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloro-
phyll a and bacterial densities. A statistical trend analy-
sis based on 1974 through 1976 (GLECS) data Indicat-
ed significant increases in the concentrations of dlel-
drin, DDT and mercury in Lake Superior lake trout.
These same data show no statistical changes In PCB
concentrations from 1974 to 1976.
Keywords: "Limnology, "Algae, "Water pollution, "In-
vertebrates, "Lake Superior, 'Lake Huron, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Pesticides, Mercury(Metal), Trout,
DDT, Dleldrfn, Inorganic silicates, Inorganic nitrates,
Phosphorus, Concentration(Composition), Biphenyl,
Chlorine organic- compounds, Michigan, Ollgotrophy,
Trophic level.
December 1983 943
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-224736 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Surface
Mining. Part VIII. Flah Distribution In Trout Creek,
Colorado, 1975-1976. Final rept.,
Colorado Div. of Wildlife, Fort Collins. Fisheries Re-
search Center.
John P. Goettl, Jr., and Jerry W. Edde. Jul 80,39p
EPA-600/3-80-070
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also Part 7, PB80-198245.
A study was conducted on Trout Creek in northwest-
ern Colorado during 1975-1976 to assess the effects
of drainage from an adjacent surface coal mine on the
distribution of fishes in the creek, and to relate their
distribution to physical and chemical variables. A
second objective was to determine the possible toxici-
ty of surface coal mine drainage water on fish stocked
in ponds receiving surface and groundwater run-off
from the mine. Results did not indicate any direct ef-
fects of mine drainage water on the distribution of
fishes In Trout Creek, although possible effects may
have been masked by elevation, stream flow, stream-
bed alterations, and agricultural irrigation return flows.
Keywords: *Coal mining, 'Fishes, 'Water pollution,
'Trout Creek, Drainage, Mine waters, Toxicity, Runoff,
Distrlbutlon(Property), Stream flow, Irrigation, Trout,
Survival, Ecology, Lagoons(Ponds), Temperature, Col-
orado, Mine acid drainage, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Salvellnus fontinalis, Salmo gaird-
neri, Salmo trutta, Cottus bairdi, Rhinlchthys osculus.
PB80-224744 PC A07/MF A01
Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Ra-
dioactivity In Drinking Water. In-house rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Herman L. Krieger, and Earl L. Whittaker. Aug 80,143p
EPA-600/4-80-032
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-253 258.
Appropriate radiochemical procedures have been
complied in a laboratory manual for use in the analysis
of gross alpha activity, gross beta activity, 134/137CS,
1311, 226/228Ra, 89,90Sr, 3H, uranium, and the acti-
nide elements, in drinking water. These methods pos-
sess the necessary sensitivity for aerifying the maxium
contaminant levels recommended by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency in its Interim Primary Drink-
Ing Water Regulations. The method capabilities and
minium detection levels have been determined by rep-
licate testing, by an Internal quality assurance pro-
gram, and collaborative test studies specifically de-
signed for the nuclides.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Water
pollution, 'Radioactive contaminants, Radium iso-
topes, Strontium 90, Uranium, Iodine Isotopes,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Distillation, Radiochemistry,
Actinlde series, 'Drinking water, Iodine 131, Radium
228, Radium 226.
PB80-224827 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Impact of Proposed 1986 and Later
Model Year Light Duty Truck and Heavy Duty Ve-
hicle Emissions Standards for Oxides of Nitrogen
- Summary of Results. Technical rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mark Wolcort. Jul 80,52p EPA-AA-TEB-80-21
This report describes the data, assumptions and meth-
odology for assessing the air quality impact of the pro-
posed 1985 and later model year light duty truck (LOT)
and heavy duty vehicle (HDV) emission standards for
oxides of nitrogen. The proposed 0.9 gram per mile
LOT and the 1.7 gram per brake horsepower hour HDV
standards were assumed to apply to 1985 and later
model year vehicles in this analysis. These standards
represent a 75 percent reduction from 1972-1973
baseline NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution,
Data bases, Standards, Light duty vehicles, Heavy
duty vehicles, Motor vehicle(l985 models), Air quality.
PB80-224868 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Bibliography of Aquatic Ecosystem Effect*, Ana-
lytical Msthods and Treatment Technologies for
Organic Compounds In Advanced Fossil-Fuel
Processing Effluents. Volume 2,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Zoology and Physi-
Linda B. Zeveloff, Michael Parker, Michael D. Marcus,
and Harold L. Bergman. Sep 80,224p EPA-600/3-80-
086
Contracts DOE-ET-77-S-03-1761, DOE-ET-78-C-03-
1761
See also report dated Feb 80, PB80-177140.
Advance fossil-fuel processing operations, including
oil-shale retorting, coal gasification, coal liquifaction
and tar-sands recovery, can result in chemically com-
plex aqueous waste effluents. This bibliography com-
piles much of the recent literature (including 1979)
concerning effects of organic compounds in advanced
fossil-fuel processing effluents when discharged into
aquatic ecosystems, plus Information available on ana-
lytical methods and treatment technologies for these
organics. The bibliography contains 1135 citations
which are indexed by chemicals, key words, taxonomic
categories and authors.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Fuels, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Bibliographies, Combustion products, Organic
compounds, Coal gasification, Bituminous sands, OH
shale, Tar, Coal, Toxicology, Fossil fuels, Ecosystems.
PB80-225030 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Vehicle
Equipped with the Eaton Valve Selector. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Apr 80,17p EPA-AA-TEB-80-
16
The deactivation of one or more engine cylinders is a
method that has been proposed as offering potential
for vehicle fuel economy improvements. At Tow power
outputs the throttle is nearly closed. This introduces a
'throttling loss', which is the energy that the engine
must expend to draw the fuel/air mixture through the
carburetor throtte opening. By operating an engine on
a reduced number of cylinders, and operating these
cylinders at higher power levels, the throttling losses
are appreciably reduced. A cylinder deactivation
system is being considered for use in several 1981
Cadillac models. Other cylinder deactivation systems
are currently under development in the United States.
Since EPA had not recently tested a cylinder deactiva-
tion system designed for current vehicles, EPA con-
tacted the Eaton Corporation and requested the loan
of a vehicle with the Eaton Valve Selector System in-
stalled. Eaton made available a system installed In a
development vehicle.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control, Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel consumption, Engine cylinders,
Throttling, Cadillac automobiles.
PB80-226048 PC A23/MF A01
Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Units 4
and 5. Technical Support Documents. Volume I.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, QA. Region
Sep 80, 541 p EPA-904/9-80-048a
See also Volume II, PB80-225055.
Florida Power Corporation Proposes to construct and
operate two 695 MW (Gross) capacity coal-fired elec-
tric generating plants at the existing Crystal River com-
plex in northwest Citrus County, Florida. This EIS ex-
amines project alternatives, impacts and mitigatlve
measures related to groundwater, air, surface water,
ecological, and socioeconomlc and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements-draft,
Electric power plants, 'Coal fired power plants, Citrus
County(Florida).
PB80-225055 PC A20/MF A01
Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Units 4
and S. Technical Support Documents. Volume II.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 80, 454p EPA-904/9-80-048b
See also Volume I, PB80-225048.
Florida Power Corporation Proposes to construct and
operate two 695 MW (Gross) capacity coal-fired elec-
tric generating plants at the existing Crystal River
Complex in Northwest Citrus County, Florida. This EIS
examines project alternatives; Impacts and mitigatlve
measures related to groundwater, air, surface water,
ecological, and socioeconomlc and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft.
Electric power plants, 'Coal fired power plants, Citrus
County(Florida).
PB80-225071 PC A13/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. .
Chemically Active Fluid Bed for SOx Control:
Volume II. Spent Sorbent Processing for Dlapos-
at/Utlllzatlon. Final rept. Jul 75-Oct 79,
Westing house Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
C. H. Peterson. Dec 79,299p EPA-600/7-79-158b
Contract EPA-68-02-2142
See also Volume III, PB80-225089.
The report describes the processing of spent calcium-
based sulfur sorbents (limestones or dolomites) from
an atmospheric-pressure, chemically active fluid bed
(CAFB) gasification process, using a regenerative
sulfur sorbent process that produces low- tointermedi-
ate-Btu gas. Data are developed to provide a basis for
evaluating process concepts to minimize the environ-
mental impact (heat release, H2S release, and poten-
tial leachates) or possibly for spent sorbent utilization.
Flow diagrams and cost estimates were prepared for
five processing options.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Pollution,
Dolomite(Rock), Calcium oxides. Goaf gasification.
Waste disposal, Calcium carbonates, Hydrogen sul-
fide, Calcium compounds, Aggregates, Briquetting.
Combustion, Heat transfer, Cost estimates, Sulfur, Cal-
cium sulfates, Flow charts, Sorbents.
PB80-225089 PC A06/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research tab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed for SOx Control:
Volume III. Sorbent Disposal. Final rept. Feb 76-79,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
C. C. Sun. Jul 79,122p EPA-600/7-79-158C
Contract EPA-68-02-2142
See also Volume II, PB80-225071.
The report describes a laboratory investigation of three
areas of the chemically active fluidlzed-bed (CAFB)
process: residue characterization, leaching property,
and thermal activity. Results Indicate that further proc-
essing is required to meet environmental constraints-
The environmental Impact of CAFB residue disposal is
also compared with results of conventional residues
(flue gas desulfurization and lignite ash) from parallel
tests. The Impact of the recently enacted Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act Is assessed. The
CAFB process was developed to convert high-sulfur
heavy oils and low-grade coal to clean, medium heat-
Ing value fuel gas In conventional boilers. Disposal °'
the spent sorbent, which consists of varying amounts
of CaO, CaS, and CaSO4, may cause environmental
concerns associated with potential air, water, odor,
and heat pollution.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Pollution,
Waste disposal, Environmental impacts, Residue, Oils,
Coal, Calcium oxides, Calcium compounds, Sulfide
minerals, Calcium sulfates, Sulfidlzation, Leaching.
Sorbents, Heat transfer.
PB80-22S097 PC A05/MF AOl
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Lake Erie Nutrient Control: Effectiveness Regard-
Ing Assessment In Eastern Basin. Final rept.
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Buffalo. Great Lakes
Lab.
Jul 80.10Op EPA-600/3-80-067
Grant EPA-R-802706
A three-year synoptic monitoring program was con-
ducted on 26 stations from 1973-75. Data generated
Included major nutrients, temperature structure and
oxygen depletion as well as phytoplankton, zooplank-
ton, and benthlc macrolnvertebrate dynamics.
944 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution,
/.h9 ^"8i Monitoring, Temperature, Anoxia, Bio-
cnemical oxygen demand, Phytoplankton, Inverte-
oraies, Nitrogen, Algae, Growth, New York, 'Eutrophi-
cation, Mesotrophy.
PB80-225105 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
A Qulde to Freshwater Molluska of the Laurentlan
m Ukes wltn Special Emphasis on the Genus
Pl»ldlum,
„ -.,-.. Jniv. (Ontario).
58rry L. Mackie, David S. White, and Thomas W.
Gra tVU' 8°'153p EPA-600/3-8°-068
in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
' for the freshwater snails (Gastropoda), mus-
.. Unionidae), and fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae)
wnich have been collected from the Laurentian Great
«Kes. Including subspecies and forms, 121 taxa are
uiscussed: 47 Gastropoda, 39 Unionidae, and 35
^P.naenidae. Relations to substrate preferences and
pollution are summarized where known. Special em-
pnasis is given to the sphaeriid genus Pisidium.
Bywords: 'Fresh water, 'Mollusca, 'Great Lakes,
«nimal ecology, Dlstributlon(Property), Snails, Taxon-
™ny. Substrates, Morphology, Gastropoda, Great
wkes, Pisidium, Unionidae, Sphaeriidae.
["880-2251 13 PC A04/MF A01
jnaustnal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Electrolytic Treatment of Oily Wastewater from
7'nufacturlng and Machining Plant*. Final rept.,
rord Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
n. L. Gealer, A. Golovoy, and M. H. Weintraub. Jun 60,
58PEPA-600/2-80-143
QrantEPA-S-804174
^continuous electrolytic treatment is being developed
'o remove emulsified oil from dilute oily wastewater
g|!°ams, such as is generated in metal working oper-
th"°ns- In this process, the wastewater permeates
"J°ugh an iron chip bed anode and steel mesh catti-
sh A potential is applied to the electrodes, forming
oril°¥Llons at lne anode and hydroxyl ions at the cath-
j*™- The ferrous ions react in a complex manner with
"le emulsifying agents, destabilizing the emulsion and
Derating an oil rich floating sludge and essentially
""•rree water. A pilot plant unit capable ol processing
«»Ut 5700 |/day (1500 gal/day) was designed, con-
?"wted, and evaluated at an actual plant site. Operat-
,$ Parameters and process equipment were evaluat-
B.» . as«ess the potential and problems of the proc-
=«». Wastewater with initial oil concentrations in the
range of 300 to 7,000 ppm of solvent extractables has
"™n reduced to less than 50 ppm in 90% of the test
luns, and to less than 25 ppm in 38%.
: 'Oils, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water
>utran control, 'Metal working, Emulsions, Industrial
,
rwtes, Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Electro-
'Wte cells, Iron hydroxides, Oil pollution control.
?*80-225253 PC A21/MF A01
'^strial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
r, NC.
r**e»sment ol Atmospheric Emissions from Pe-
Rn ,um Raining: Volume 1. Technical Report.
2?S rePt. Mar 76-Jun 79,
S^an Corp., Austin, TX.
ciT- Wetherold, and D. D. Rosebrook. Apr 80, 482p
§>A-600/2-80-075a
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
**» also Volume 2. PB80-225261 .
The
report gives results of a 3-year program to assess
tho ^>'ulv 8w» rBsuire 01 a o-yaar program 10 assess
'^environmental impact of petroleum refining atmos-
("Jfnc emissions. Fugitive process emissions were ex-
Ir?n«ively sampled at 13 refineries In the U.S. Non-
j|™'nane hydrocarbon emission rates were measured
jwn valves, flanges, pump and compressor seals,
Epcess drains, relief valves, cooling towers, and
"astewater treating units.
'Petroleum refining, 'Air pollution, Hydro-
Refineries, Assessments, Organic com-
, Cooling towers, Seals(Stoppers), vapors. Llq-
U|u8, Leakage, Screenings, Air pollution control, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Populations, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Sources, Flue gases.
PB80-225261 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from Pe-
troleum Refining: Volume 2. Appendix A. Final
rept. Mar 76-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold, and C. D. Smith. Apr 80,205p EPA-
600/2-80-075b
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also Volume 3, PB80-225279.
The report gives results of a 3-year program to assess
the environmental impact of petroleum refining atmos-
pheric emissions. Emissions from fugitive and process
emission sources were sampled, and emission rates
were determined. The sampling methodologies used
for baggable sources (valves, flanges, pump and com-
pressor seals, relief valves) and process stacks (fluid
catalytic cracking units, sulfur recovery units, process
heaters) are described in this volume. Also included
are descriptions of the experimental design for the
sampling program and the analytical techniques em-
ployed in the field sampling segment of the assess-
ment study.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air pollution, Assessments, Dust, Catalytic
cracking, Sources, Recovery, Sulfur dioxide, Gas chro-
matography, Aldehydes, Particles, Mass spectrosco-
py, Experimental design, Vapors, Hydrocarbons, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Ammonia.
PB80-225279 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from Pe-
troleum Refining: Volume 3. Appendix B. Final
rept. Mar 76-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold, L. P. Provost, and C. D. Smith. Apr 80,
553p EPA-600/2-80-075C
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also Volume 5, PB80-225287.
The report gives results of a 3-year program to assess
the environmental impact of petroleum refining atmos-
pheric emissions. This volume contains a detailed
compilation of the data and a summary of the results
obtained from measurements taken at 13 refineries
throughout the U.S. The sampled sources included
valves, flanges, pump and compressor seals, relief
valves, drains, cooling towers, oil/water separators,
dissolved air flotation units, and various process
stacks.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air pollution, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Sources, Distribution(Property), Refineries, Leakage,
Maintenance, Sewage treatment, Flue gases, Sam-
pling, Cooling towers, Selection, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Vapors, Methodology.
PB80-225287 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from Pe-
troleum Refining: Volume 5. Appendix F. Final rept
Mar 76-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold. Apr 80,423p EPA-600/2-80-075e
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also Volume 1, PB80-225253.
The report gives results of a 3-year program to assess
the environmental impact of petroleum refining atmos-
pheric emissions. This volume gives a detailed charac-
terization of petroleum refinery technology, prepared
as part of the program. Peteroleum refineries In the
U.S. are listed, characterized, and classified according
to their types and complexities. It describes four types
or sets of refinery models which could be used to simu-
late the entire refinery Industry. It gives the characteris-
tics of crude oils, other raw materials, and intermediate
and final products. A major portion of this volume is a
detailed description of current refinery process tech-
nology and auxiliary operations. It describes the pur-
pose, operation, energy needs, and utility require-
ments. It includes simple flow diagrams for most proc-
esses. It gives a detailed estimate of the number of fu-
gitive emission sources for each process type. It also
includes detailed estimates of process and fugitive
non-methane hydrocarbon emissions for major refin-
ery process units.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air pollution, Sewage treatment, Refineries,
Classifications, Processing, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum
industry, Assessments, Mathematial models, Ecology,
Crude oil, Separation, Coking, Catalytic cracking,
Cleaning, Alkylation, Sludge disposal, Hydrocracking.
PB80-226709 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Zooplankton Grazing and Population Dynamic*
Relative to Water Quality In Southern Lake Huron,
State Univ. of New York at Albany. Dept. of Biological
Sciences.
Donald C. McNaught, Marlene Buzzard, David
Griesmer, and Mlchele Kennedy. Jul 80,145p EPA-
600/3-80-069
Grant EPA-803178
Plantonic herbivores controlled the growth of Phyto-
plankton in the open waters of Southern Lake Huron
during the late summer and fall; larger algae remained
untouched during the spring diatom bloom. Over a
growing season these crustaceans grazed 0.3 to
41.9% of the standing crop of phytoplankton. Imma-
ture copepods (nauplii and copepodites) were the
most effective grazers. Selective grazing by crusta-
ceans centered on nannoplankton (less then 22 mi-
crometers), whereby 92 to 2804% of the daily produc-
tivity was grazed by large cladcerans and immature co-
pepods. In contrast, netplankton was harvested to a
much lesser degree. Laboratory experiments rein-
forced this picture of selective cropping. Presently in
Lake Huron such selective grazing accounts for an ef-
fective biological control over algal production.
Keywords: 'Zooplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Huron, Diatoms, Algae, Crustacea, Biological produc-
tivity, Saginaw Bay, Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Growth, New York, Bioindicators.
PBBO-225717 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 28 Primary Zinc Industry.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jul 80,89p EPA-600/2-80-169
Contract EPA-68-03-2577
The primary zinc industry as defined for this study con-
sists of mining, beneficiation, smelting, and refining. A
profile of the industry is given including plant locations,
capacities, and various statistics regarding production
and consumption of zinc, co-products, and by-prod-
ucts. The report summarizes the various commercial
routes practiced domestically for zinc production in a
series of process flow diagrams and detailed process
descriptions. Each process description includes avail-
able data regarding input materials, operating condi-
tions, energy and utility requirements, waste streams
produced (air, water, and solid waste), and control
technology practices and problems.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Zinc industry, Industrial
plants, Air pollution, Water pollution, Mining, Refining,
Air pollution control. Water pollution control.
PB80-22572S PC A06/MF AQ1
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sulflde Precipitation of Heavy Metals. Final rept
Oct 77-Ju\ 79,
Boeing Commercial Airplane Co., Seattle, WA.
Alan K. Robinson, and Joyce C. Sum. Jun 80,121 p 06-
42205-5, EPA-600/2-80-139
GrantEPA-S-805413
The research program was initiated with the objective
of evaluating a new process, the sulfide precipitation of
heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. The proc-
ess was expected to effect a more complete removal
of heavy metals than conventional lime processing be-
cause of the much lower solubilities of metal sultides
than hydroxides. Five processes were compared In
bench-scale, continuous-flow equipment: conventional
lime processing, conventional lime processing plus fil-
tration, lime with a sulfide polishing and filtration, lime
December 1983 945
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with sulflde, and lime with sulfide plus filtration. Sam-
ples of actual wastewaters from 14 metal working in-
dustries (including Boeing) were processed through
the bench-scale equipment using all five processes.
Reductions in the concentrations of cadmium, chromi-
um, copper, nickel, and zinc, plus selected other
metals were measured by atomic absorption chemical
analysis. Capital and operating costs for the five proc-
esses were comprised for three plants sizes: 37.85 cu
m/day (10,000 gal/day), 757 cu m/day (200,000 gal/
day), and 1,893 cu m/day (500,000 gal/day). The
report recommends that, to reduce the levels of cad-
mium, copper, nickel, or zinc, from a wastewater treat-
ment plant using conventional lime processing, the ad-
dition of a final filtration should be considered first. The
sulflde process did not significantly reduce the levels
of these metals. Details are included on the use of a
specific ion electrode for the control of sulfide addi-
tions. The report does not include comparison testing
of the commercial Sulfex process.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, "Precipitation, 'Sulfidization, Metals, Elec-
troplating, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Zinc,
Inorganic sulfides, Performance evaluation, Calcium
oxides, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Heavy
metals.
PB80-225733 PC A13/MF A01
Stone (Ralph) and Co., Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
Long-Term Effects of Land Application of Domes-
tic Wastewater: Camarlllo, California, Irrigation
Site. Rept. for Jan 76-Feb 78,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Ralph Stone, and James Rowlands. May 80,282p
EPA-600/2-80-080
Contract EPA-68-03-2362
This report presents the results of an assessment of
the long-term impacts on crops, soils, and grondwater
resulting from irrigation with secondary-treated munici-
pal effluent. The concentrations of pathogens, nutri-
ents, heavy metals and salts in soils, groundwater, and
crops irrigated with secondary-treated wastwater were
compared to the concentrations in soils, groundwater,
ad crops irrigated with conventional water supplies.
Test and control sites at Camarillo, California were se-
lected as case studies for comparisons.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Land use, 'Irrigation,
"Sewage treatment, Environmental impacts, Farm
crops, Soils, Ground water, Metals, Nutrients, Inorgan-
ic salts, Concentration, Composition, Field tests, Lysi-
maters. Water wells, Leaching, California, 'Land appli-
cation, Camarillo(California).
PB80-225881 PC A03/MF A01
Octane Requlremants of 1975 Model Year Auto-
mobiles Fueled with Unleaded Gasoline. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Aug 75,2§p EPA-AA-TAEB-75-28
Some concern has been voiced that a large portion of
1975 model year automobiles will have engine knock
problems when operating with unleaded gasoline of 91
RON/83 MON. Unleaded fuel of 9.1 RON/83 MON is
the only unleaded gasoline that will be available at
most of the retail pump outlets. This will occur because
most of the gasoline companies will limit their produc-
tion to satisfying only the minimum requirements of the
current EPA regulations. These regulations require
availability of unleaded gasoline of 'not less than 91
Research Octane Number'. The concerned groups in-
dicate that the percentage of cars satisfiedwith this
unleaded gasoline will be much lower than the per-
centage of past years. These concerned groups point
out that too many cars will have to resort to spark
retard for elimination of knock, and that this will result
in a substantial loss in fuel economy. The purpose of
this report Is to document and discuss, concisely, that
information which is relevant to this potential problem
concerning engine knock.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Automotive fuels, 'Knock,
Octane number, Fuel consumption, Performance eval-
uation, 'Unleaded gasoline, Motor vehicles(1975
models).
PB80-225923 PC A06/MF A01
Decision and Emergency Order Suspending Reg-
istrations for the Forest, Rignts-of-Way, and Pas-
ture Uses of 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxyacetlc Acid
(2,4,5-T). Notice of Intent to Cancel the Forestry,
Rlghts-of-Way and Pasture Registrations of Pesti-
cide Products Containing 2,4,5-T. Suspension
Order for 2,4,5-T.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div,
28 Feb 79,113p EPA/SPRD-80/103
A suspension order is an agency determination that is
necessary to prevent an imminent hazard during the
time required to cancel registration or classification
proceedms (the Rebuttable Presumption Against Reg-
istration process-RPAR). This determination is made
under Section 6(B)(2) of the Federal Insecticide, Fun-
gicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). This notification
immediately suspends the registration of the chemical
under Agency review, prohibiting its use, sale, or distri-
bution during the cancellation or classification change
proceedings.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Forestry, Standards, Li-
censes, Environmental impacts, Protection, Sales,
pistribution(Property), Acetic acides, Chlorine aromat-
ic compounds, T2-4-5 herbicide, Acetic acid/trichloro-
phenoxy.
PBBO-225972 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 4.
Computer User's Manual for Retrieving and Up-
dating Cost Data. Final rept.,
Culp/wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
Thomas S. Lineck, Robert C. Gumerman, and Russell
L. Gulp. Aug 79, 88p EPA-600/2-79-162D
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
See also Volume 3, PB80-148455.
This report discusses unit processes and combina-
tions of unit processes that are capable of removing
contaminants included in the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water treatment, Manuals,
Construction costs, Operating costs, Activated carbon
treatment, Maintenance, Removal, Asbestos, Cost es-
timates, Water supply, Energy, Processing, Computer
programs, Fortran, Capitalized costs, Drying, Sands,
Calcium oxides, WATER computer program, Safe
Drinking Water Act.
PB80-225980 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Mapping Vegetation Complexes with Digitized
Color Infrared Film: Wisconsin Power Plant
Impact Study. Final rept. Jul 75-77,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Warren J. Buchanan, and Frank L. Scarpace. Jun 80,
72p EPA-600/3-80-054
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power and
Light Company, Madison Gas and Elctric Company,
Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin
Public Service Commission, Madison, and Wisconsin
Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.Color illustra-
tions reproduced in black and white.
Since environmental impact assessment has become
a requisite for many large-scale works, such as power
plant construction, the need for efficient techniques to
inventory natural resources of site environs has arisen.
The specific intention of this study was to determine
the versatility, accuracy, and cost efficiency in terms of
time and money of digitized film analysis for mapping
vegetation complexes.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Infrared mapping, Invento-
ries, Electric power plants, Remote sensing, Seasonal
variations, Color film, Infrared film, Environmental im-
pacts, Grassland, Forest land, Aquatic plants, Hook
Lake, Dosimetry, Cost effectiveness.
PB80-225998 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Impacts of Coal-Fired Power Plants on Local
Ground-Water Systems: Wisconsin Power Plan*
Impact Study. Final rept. Jul 75-Jun 78, ,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Charles B. Andrews, and Mary P. Anderson. Aug 80,
215pEPA-600/3-80-079
Grant EPA-R-803971 .
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power ana
Light Company, Madison Gas and Electric Company'
Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin
Public Service Commission, Madison, and Wisconsin
Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
Quantitative techniques for simulating the impacts of a
coal-fired power plant on the ground-water system ota
river flood-plain wetland were developed and testea
Effects related to the construction and operation of tne
cooling lake and ashpit had the greatest impact
Ground-water flow system models were used to sirnu-
late ground-water flows before and after the cooling
lake and ashpit were filled. The simulations and neia
data indicate that the cooling lake and ashpit altered
local flow systems and increased ground-water dis-
charge. Chemical changes in the ground-water system
were minor. Contaminated ground water was confineo
to a small area near the ashpit. Thermal changes in the
ground water are a major impact of the cooling lake-
Changes in water temperature and levels have altered
the vegetation of the wetland, a major ground-water
discharge area. Ground-water temperatures near tne
cooling lake were monitored. A model was used to
simulate the response of subsurface temperatures to
seasonal changes in a lake and air temperatures.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Environmental impacts,
'Cooling water, 'Thermal pollution, Electric power
plants, Coal, Flood plains, Substrates, Chemical prop-
erties, Temperature, Water flow, Flow rate, Artesian
water. Mathematical models, Wetlands.
PB80-226004 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Limnologies) Conditions In Southern Lake Huron,
1974 and 1975, _.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research DW-
Claire L. Schelske, Russel A. Moll, and Mila S.
Simmons. Jul 80,189p EPA-600/3-80-074
Grant EPA-R-803086
In 1974 and 1975, several studies were conducted on
southern Lake Huron and outer Saginaw Bay to obtain
seasonal data on limnological conditions. In 1974, 44
stations were sampled on each of eight cruises con-
ducted from April to November. Each station was sam-
pled at multiple depths so that more than 200 samples
were taken on each cruise. Data obtained for each
sample included water temperature, pH, specific con-
ductance, chloride, total phosphorus, soluble reactive
silica, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen,
chlorophyll a, and phaeopigments. In 1975, five spe-
cial cruises were conducted. Four of these were useo
to compare phytoplankton productivity and nutrient of-
namics in the frontal zone between highly enriched
Saginaw Bay and the relatively low productivity waters
of southern Lake Huron.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Huron,
'Saginaw Bay, Phosphorus, temperature measure-
ment, pH, Conductivity, Chlorides, Growth, Silicon w-
oxide, Phytoplankton, Biological productivity, Inorganic
nitrates, Chlorophylls, Standing crops.
PB80-226103 PC A04/MF A01
Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA.
Noise Reduction Retrofit for a 'New Look' Flexible
Transit Bus: Service Bulletin. Final rept. Jun 78-Jan
80, .
Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District or
Oregon, Portland.
Michael C. Kaye. Sep 80,66p DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-16,
, UMTA-OR-06-0005-80-1
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
This document presents instructions on how to apply *
noise treatment to a contemporary city transit bus
without extensive structural alteration. Baseline bus
configuration, noise ratings, and performance bench-
marks are presented for a Flexible 111DC-DO61 tran-
sit bus powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V-71N engine.
The concepts and much of the hardware described in
946 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
this report are transferable to similar buses. The infor-
mation presented herein is of interest primarily to Iran-
8|i bus operators wanting to reduce noise by practical
means, and to government agencies, manufacturers,
and planners concerned with reducing the noise of
buses in service at a moderate cost. In this report in-
structions are given on how to retrofit the engine with a
"^bo-charger and ancillary hardware. Acoustic bene-
«ts and performance side-effects are given. One bene-
ncial side-effect, because of turbo-charging, is reduced
"armful exhaust emissions. Another, because of small-
er injectors and reduced exhaust back pressure, is fuel
conservation. The instructions in this report are com-
plete with sources for manufactured components and
"aw materials, and with mechanical drawings for com-
ponents to be locally fabricated. Illustrations and text
wect installation as well as effects of noise ratings
fu. Performance side-effects are also presented. In
mis report practical application is coupled with theoret-
ical explanation throughout.
Keywords: *Buses(Vehicles), 'Noise reduction, Diesel
'"Qines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, Cost
estimates, Noise pollution, Air pollution, Urban trans-
Potation.
PB80-22817B PC A05/MF A01
"•moval of Drums of Hazardous Substances In
Stump Qap Creek Area, West Point, Kentucky.
Technical rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
°'v. of Oil and Special Materials Control.
AUQ 8p, 88p EPA-430/9-80-013
"-•oior illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Jhis document is a report outlining the key actions of
we Federal On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) who direct-
fa Federal pollution control efforts at the captioned
went. The OSC report is required by Section 1510.56
« the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollu-
jon Contingency Plan (Federal Register, Vol. 45, No.
S5- Wednesday, March 19, 1980).
Keywords: 'Removal, 'Hazardous materials, 'Stump
«ap Creek, Photographs, Observations, Damage,
Campling, Naphthalenes, Cost estimates, Equipment,
^rgo transportation, Sites, Kentucky.
UjMO-226186 PC A04/MF A01
"Hnol» Central Gulf Train Derailment - Claxton,
Kentucky. Technical rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
""V- of Oil and Special Materials Control.
£"9 80, 56p EPA-430/9-80-012
*-°lor illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This document is a report outlining the key actions of
Jy Federal On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) who direct-
•p Federal pollution control efforts at the captioned
went.
s: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollution, 'Water
i control, Safety, Tank cars, Sodium chlorate,
_,--,' chloride, Hydrofluoric acid, Chlorates, Kentucky,
^axtonfKentucky).
PB80-226194
Jrjltoy of the Drums'
'echnical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
«v. of Oil and Special Materials Control.
80, 53p EPA-430/9-80-014
r illustrations reproduced in black and white.
PC A04/MF A01
Bullltt County, Kentucky.
This document is a report outlining the key actions of
™JP Federal On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) who direct-
Federal pollution control efforts at the captioned
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollution, 'Water
Pollution control, 'Wilson Creek, Oils, Safety, Water
gfatment, Sediments, Water quality, Containment,
^.tographs. Hydrocarbons, Aerations, Kentucky, Bul-
littCounty(Kentucky).
fBen-226210 PC A04/MF A01
"jpustrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Reducing Emissions from the Wood Furniture In*
dustry with Waterborne Coatings. Final rept. 25
May 78-15 Jun 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
H. Van Noordwyk. Jul 80,66p EPA-600/2-80-160
Contract EPA-68-03-2584
This program was initiated to develop meaningful, de-
fensible, and reliable data on emission reduction bene-
fits from the use of reduced hydrocarbon finishes. The
program also included assessing add-on emission
control options and considering installation aspects
such as costs. This program, based on currently avail-
able technology, represents the best efforts of finish
suppliers and furniture manufacturers to produce furni-
ture coated with lower hydrocarbon finishes. All major
finish suppliers participated using waterborne or low-
solvent finishes rather than other finish technologies
(e.g., powders). The participating furniture companies
represented the industry in product line, styles, quality,
degree of technical and merchandising sophistication,
and processing capabilities.
Keywords: 'Furniture, 'Finishes, Coatings, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement, Waterborne coatings.
PB80-226251 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of Oll-ln-Water Monitor. Phase II.
Research rept. May 78-May 79,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
H. S. Silvus, Jr, F. M. Newman, and J. H. Frazar. Aug
80,47p EPA-600/4-80-040
Grant EPA-R-805817-01
A novel approach to quantitatively monitoring sus-
pended hydrocarbons in water. This new oil-in-water
monitor technique brings together for the first time two
previously unrelated technologies: (1) reversed-phase
liquid chromatography and (2) fiber optics. A special
organophilic optical fiber, created by a chemical treat-
ment process routinely used in reversed-phase liquid
chromatography, collects and concentrates suspend-
ed hydrocarbon materials on its surface.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Monitoring, Hydrocarbons,
Crude oil, Shale oil, Gas chromatography, Liquids,
Fiber optics, Biphenyl, Benzene, Aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Coal.
PB80-226269 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Calibration of a 90 degree V-Notch Weir Using Pa-
rameters Other Than upstream Head. Rept. for Jul
77-Apr 80,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Robert Eli, Harald Pedersen, and Ronald Snyder. Jul
80,122pEPA-600/4-80-035
Grant EPA-R-805312-01-1
Traditional calibration of 90 degrees V-Notch Weirs
has involved the establishment of a head-discharge re-
lationship where the hp°d is measured upstream of
weir drawdown effects. This parameter is often difficult
to mesure in field weir installations. Two other param-
eters are proposed for use as correlation parameters
to weir discharge. These parameters are depth and
width of flow at the weir notch. Techniques for measur-
ing these parameters are proposed that result in less
than 10% error in discharge at the 95% probability
level in the laboratory environment.
Keywords: 'Weirs, 'Flow measurement, Row rate,
Open channel flow, Statistical data.
PB80-226335 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
EPA Utility FGD (Flue Gas Dasulfurlzatlon) Survey:
April-June 1980. Quarterly rept. Apr-Jun 80,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, and N. Gregory. Jul 80,312p EPA-
600/7-80-029C
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
See also report dated May 80, PB80-211832.
The report, which is generated by a computerized data
base system, presents a survey of operational and
planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
systems, operational domestic particle scrubbers, and
Japanese coal-fired utility boiler FGD installations. It
summarizes information contributed by the utility in-
dustry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies, and
consulting engineering firms.
Keywords: 'Flue gases, Pollution, Electric utilities,
Waste disposal, Boilers, Desulfurization, Scrubbers,
Coal, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fuels,
Tables(Data), Oils, Natural gas.
PB80-226376 PC A06/MF A01
Decision and Emergency Order Suspending Reg-
istrations for Certain Uses of 2-(2,4,5-Trlchloro-
phenoxy) Proplnlc Acid (Sllvex). Notice of Intent
to Cancel Certain Registrations of Pesticide Prod-
ucts Containing Sllvex. Suspension Order for
Sllvex.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
28 Feb 79,113p EPA/SPRD-80/102
This is an agency determination that an emergency
exists to health or the environment which prohibits
holding a public hearing on a proposal to suspend reg-
istration on a chemical under cancellation or classifica-
tion change reveiw. This order immediately suspends
registration of the pesticide, prohibiting its use, sale, or
distribution until final regulatory action is taken on the
pesticide.
Keywords: *Law( Jurisprudence), 'Pesticides, Li-
censes, Toxicology, Organic compounds, Environ-
mental impacts, Dosage, Reproduction(Biology),
Mammals, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act, 'Silvex, Propionic acid/2-(2-4-5 Trichnoro-
phanoxy).
PBBO-226384 PC A02/MF A01
Perthane 3(c)(2)(B) Letter.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
28 Apr 80,12p EPA/SPRD-80/97
A 3(c)(2)(B) letter is notification under Section
3(c)(2)(B) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act that the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency had determined that additional data are
required to maintain registrations of products contain-
ing chemicals under Agency review. Companies must
generage and submit data to EPA within scheduled ti-
meframes to maintain registration. The notice lists
what data are needed, gives schedules for submitting
data, and procedures for requesting waivers and ex-
tensions of time.
Keywords: *Law(Jurisprudence), 'Pesticides, Li-
censes, Toxicology, Organic compounds, Environ-
mental impacts, Dosage, Reproduction(Biology),
Mammals, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act, Perthane.
PB80-226418 PC A02/MF A01
Isocyanurate 3(c)(2)(B) Letter.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
26 Mar 80,20p EPA/SPRD-80/100
A 3(c)(2)(B) tetter is notification under Section
3(c)(2)(B) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act that the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has determined that additional data are re-
quired to maintain registrations of products containing
chemicals under Agency review. Companies must
generate and submit data to EPA within scheduled ti-
meframes to maintain registration. The notice lists
what data are needed, gives schedules for submitting
data, and procedures for requesting waivers and ex-
tensions of time.
Keywords: *Law(Jurisprudence), 'Pesticides, Li-
censes, Toxicology, Organic compounds, Environ-
mental impacts, Dosage, Reproduction(Biology),
Mammals, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act, 'Isocyanurate.
PB80-226558 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of NRG No. 1, A Fuel Additive. Techni-
cal rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
December 1983 947
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Feb 78,11 p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-19
NRG No. 1 Is a fuel additive developed and marketed
by NRG International Inc. of Clayville, New York. A rep-
resentative of NRG supplied EPA with results of tests
conducted by Scott Environmental Technology, Inc.
which showed that use of the additives resulted in in-
creased fuel economy as well as significant reductions
In HC and CO emissions. On the basis of this data,
EPA decided to conduct confirmatory tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel additives, Spark igni-
tion engines, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption,
Performance evaluation, NRG 1 fuel additive.
PB80-226586 PC A03/MF A01
Test Remits of a Dodge Dart Equipped with the
Holley Sonic Carburetor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Dec 77, 32p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-14
Under EPA contract, the Holley Carburetor Division of
Colt Industries developed an application of the Dress-
er Sonic Carburetor design for evaluation by EPA. The
Holley Sonic Carburetor was tested for emissions and
fuel economy in a 1975 California model Dodge Dart
with a 3.7 litre (225 cu. in.) six cylinder engine. The test
results were compared to those of the same vehicle in
baseline condition (production carburetor and emis-
sion control system). Factors such as the air/fuel ratio,
Idle enrichment, and air injection were varied to opti-
mize the emissions. After an optimum setting was
found, the emissions were still generally higher than
the same vehicle in baseline condition. Addition of a
three way catalyst reduced NOx below baseline, but
HC, fuel consumption, and especially CO values were
still greater than baseline.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Carburetors, Exhaust emis-
sions, Fuel consumption, Performance evaluation,
Chrysler Motor Corporation, Dodge Dart vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1975 models).
PB80-226574 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of Manual Transmission Shift Points
on Emissions and Fuel Economy of a 1977 Chev-
rolet Chevette When Tested by the Hot LA-4 Pro-
cedure. Technical rapt.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
F. Peter Hutchins. Dec 77,13p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-15
The EPA is presently conducting studies which are di-
rected to identifying differences in fuel economy as
measured on the FTP test and reported in the Mileage
Guide compared to in-use vehicle measurement. One
of these studies is directed to the identification of dif-
ferences in the fuel economy performance of produc-
tion vehicles relative to the counterpart certification ve-
hicle. A brief study of the effects on emissions and fuel
economy of variations in manual transmission shift
points was conducted on one of these production vehi-
cles. The results of this transmission shift point study
are contained in this report. The conclusions from
these tests can be considered to be quantitatively valid
only for the specific type of vehicle used in the study,
although it is reasonable to extrapolate the results to
other types of vehicles in a directional or qualitative
manner.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Manual transmissions, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Fuel consumption, Performance
evaluation, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Chevrolet
Chevette automobiles, Motor vehicles(1977 models).
PB80-226824 PC A04/MF A01
Quid* to EPA Libraries and Information Centers
(Fifth Edition),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Library Systems and Services.
Barbara A. Pedrini. Aug 80,52p EPA-OLSS-80-11
The fifth edition of this Guide provides background on
the formation of each EPA library and describes the
collection and services available. The Guide also lists
each library's location, library code, hours of operation,
commercial and FTS numbers.
Keywords: 'Libraries, 'Information centers, National
government, Sites, Coding, Librarians, 'Environmental
Protection agency.
PB80-226640 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Water Constraints In Power-Plant Siting and Oper-
ation: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Nathaniel Tetrick, and Erhard Joeres. Jul 80,129p
EPA-600/3-80-077
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power and
Light Company, Madison Gas and Electric Company,
Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin
Public Service Commission, Madison, and Wisconsin
Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
A conceptual study of water quality in the Wisconsin
River between Wisconsin Dells and Lake Wisconsin
was performed to determine the range of choices that
might be available for determining the trade-off be-
tween organic waste discharges and heat assimilation
from possible power plant sites. The QUAL-3 river
quality model, as modified by the Wisconsin Depart-
ment of Natural Resources for use on the upper Wis-
consin and lower Fox Rivers, was used for preliminary
simulations of the effect of potential heat discharges
from three possible power plant sites on the levels of
dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and
algae growth during times of extremely low flow. Hy-
draulic parameters for the QUAL-3 model were exti-
mated from simulations employing the Army Corps'
HEC-2 water surface profile model.
Keywords: 'Cooling water, 'Ecology, 'Thermal pollu-
tion, 'Wisconsin River, Electric power plants, Sitas, Or-
ganic wastes, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Sewage treat-
ment, Biochemical oxygen demand, Heat transfer,
Mathematical models, Wisconsin.
PB80-2266S7 PC A12/MF A01
Proceedings of the Third USA-USSR Symposium
on the Effects of Pollutants Upon Aquatic Ecosys-
tems: Theoretical Aspects of Aquatic Toxicology.
In-house rept,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Wayland R. Swain, and Virginia R. Shannon. Jul 80,
260pEPA-600/9-80-034
Prepared in cooperation with Soviet Academy of Sci-
ences, Borok, Jaroslavl Oblast, USSR. Inst. for the Bi-
ology of Inland Waters.
The Joint US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the
Field of Environmental Protection was established in
May of 1972. These proceedings resulted from one of
the projects, Project 02.02-13, Effects of Pollutants
Upon Aquatic Ecosystems and Permissible Levels of
Pollution. In general, mankind is faced with very similar
environmental problems regardless of the national of
political boundaries.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, 'Water pollution,
'Meetings, Phosphorus, Fishes, Pesticides, Stream
flow, Toxicity, Benthos, Trout, Bioassay, Plankton, Nu-
trients, Sewage treatment, Great Lakes,
Concentration(Composition), Salmon, USSR, United
States, Ecosysems, 'Water pollution effects(Plants),
'Water pollution erfects(Animals).
PB80-228665 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
An Evaluation of Emission Factors for Waste-to-
Energy Systems. Final rept. Nov 78-79,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
G. M. Rinaldi, T. R. Balckwood, D. L Harris, and K. M.
Tackett. Jul 80, 53pMRC-DA-921, EPA-600/7-80-135
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-275 525.
This report contains a summary of emission factors for
the combustion of refuse for the purpose of providing
energy recovery or volume reduction. This study was
conducted to provide an up-to-date compliance of
these factors for use In planning and assessing the
benefits and risks from this industry.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Air pollution control, Bi-
phenyl, Assessments, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Chlorine organic compounds, Combustion
products, Decision making, Hydrogen chloride, Hydro-
carbons, Environmental impacts, Petroleum industry,
Metal industry. Food Industry, Minerals, Paper industry,
Chemical Industry, Refuse, 'Emission factors, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB80-226715 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH
Feasibility of Primary Copper Smelter Weak Sulfur
Dioxide Stream Control. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
I. J. Weisenberg, T. Archer, F. M. Winkler, T. J.
Browder, and A. Prem. Jul 80,542p EPA-600/2-80-
152
Contract EPA-68-03-2398
The major source of uncrolled emissions of SO2 from
primary copper smelters in the U.S. is the reverberato-
ry furnace becaus gas strength is too low for direct
processing in a sulfuric acid plant, the accepted con-
trol approach in this industry. Systems and techniques
that experience indicates, either singly or in combina-
tion, can be used to control weak SO2 emissions from
copper smelters are identified, analyzed and dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Sulfer dioxide, 'Air pollution.
Coal, Smelting, Metals, Air pollution control, Exhaust
gases, Metallurgy, Furnaces, Scrubbers, Cleaning,
Magnesium oxides, Design criteria. Processing, Slags,
Oxygen, Calcium oxides, Ammonia, Desulfurization.
PB80-226723 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN. .
Sediments of Southern Lake Huron: Elemental
Composition and Accumulation Rates. Final rept,,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Drv.
John A. Robbins. Aug 80,332p EPA-600/3-80-080
Grant EPA-R-803086
It is widely recognized that most metal contaminants In
lakes are primarily associated with paniculate matter
and are conveyed to underlying deposits in association
with fine-grained materials such as organic debris, hy-
droxides of iron, and manganese or clay minerals. This
report describes the composition and rates of accumu-
lation of metal contaminants in he depositional basins
of southern Lake Huron.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Benthos, 'Water pollution,
Accumulation, Particle size, Metals, Lake Huron.
PB80-226731 PC A05/MF AOJ
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. .
Calculations of Painting Wasteloads Associated
with Metal Finishing. Final rept. Dec 74-76
Coating Consultants, Brighton, Ml.
George E. F. Brewer. Jun 80,85p EPA-600/2-80-144
Grant EPA-R-803467
Twelve mathematical equations have been developed
which provide a method for predicting the wasteloao
that will be generated in planned painting operations
and for determining the actural waste load in current
operations. The waste load generated during the Pal9*t
ing of metal products is governed by four factors: painj
composition; painting equipment; curing method; ana
miscellaneous unavoidable losses.
Keywords: 'Paints, 'Industrial wastes, Metal rod fin-
ishing, Mathematical models, Curing, Organic com-
pounds, Predictions, Losses, Nonmetalllc coatings.
Equipment.
PB80-227044 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangw
Park, NC.
Simulated Precipitation Reference Materials, III,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
E. R. Deardorff, T. C. Rains, and W. F. Koch. Sep 80,
25pNBSIR-79-1953
See also Number 2, PB-273 945. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangw
Park, NC., and Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
This report describes the preparation of a third series
of reference materials for the chemical analysis of nat-
ural precipitation samples. They will be used as 8
means of intercalibratlng atmospheric monitoring sta-
tions. These materials consist of high and low concen-
trates which upon dilution simulate the range of anion
and cation concentrations typically found in natural
rainwater. Two separate reference samples which are
948 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
t° be used undiluted are provided for evaluation of
acidity measurements.
Keywords: *Raln, 'Water analysis, Chemical analysis,
TOc!pltatlon(Meteorology), Acidity, Sampling,
WirKsentratlonlComposftfon), Cations, Sulfates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Fluorides, Reference materials.
JJMO-227507 PC A04/MF A01
source Category Survey: Ceramic Clay Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 80,72p EPA-460/3-80-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3068
This report contains background Information which
was used for determining the need for new source per-
formance standards (NSPS) for the ceramic clay in-
ftjty in accordance with Section 111 of the Clean Air
"01 Air pollution emissions and growth trends of the
ceramic clay Industry are examined. Manufacture
Pollution regulations are discussed.
Keywords: 'Ceramics, 'Air pollution control, 'Clays,
standards, Manufacturing, Sources, Performance,
owe government, Local government, Industries.
EJW-227623 PC A04/MF A01
p^onniental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
i**)NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
*PP cation of Photochemical Models. Volume II.
Applicability of Selected Models for Addressing
?*>"• Control Strategy Issues. Rnal rept.,
2*§oc|atlon of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
pona'd Y. Wada, M. Jane Wong, Eugene Y. Leong,
S*1! H. Robinson, and Rob E. DeMandel. Dec 79,
SSpEPA-450/4-79-026
gOntract EPA-68-02-3046
Prepared In cooperation with Bay Area Air Quality
Management District, San Franclaco, CA.. Lawrence
uyermore National Lab., CA., and Systems Appllca-
19248°" San Rafa81' CA> See a>8° Volums 1> ™80'
This document is an assessment of the applicability of
"number of selected photochemical models to a varl-
«y of ozone control strategy Issues.
'Ozone, 'Photochemical reactions, *Alr
on control, Mathematical models, Hydrocar-
> Nitrogen oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Assessments.
PC A03/MF A01
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
catlon of Photochemical Models. Volume IV.
Li?S?p*ri»on °* th» 8AI Airshed Model and the
22*5 Model. Final rept.,
SJ*pclation of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
LoW Y- Wada. M. Jane Wong, Eugene Y. Leong,
2™! H. Robinson, and Rob E. DeMandel. Dec 79,
gPEPA-450/4-79-036
pOnfract EPA-68-02-3046
[["Pared in cooperation with Bay Area Air Quality
management District, San Francisco, CA., Lawrence
j National Lab., CA., and Systems Applies-
ioo!'Jrc-'San Rafael, CA. See also Volume 1, PB80-
'82495.
I^.8 document compares the technical features of the
' Airshed Model with the Livermore Regional Air
""" '""'Q) Model. These two state-of-the-art
dispersion models are compared ac-
I to their theoretical formulation, components,
and outputs. The model components compared
1 horizontal transport, vertical transport, emls-
', chemistry, and numerical solution procedures.
•: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Air pollution
Reviews, Mathematical models, Chemical re-
I, Advectlon, Turbulent diffusion,
cp T11
r HlwAY-2, TEM8, MESO Models. Model-Simu-
guort,
Sjyjfonmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
XV* Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Dry.
S Bruce Turner, William B. Petersen, and Adrian D.
HU*»e. 17 Jul BO, mag tape EPA/DF-80/007
Source tape Is In ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half Inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions. Price
Includes documentation, PB80-227556, PB80-227564,
PB80-227S72, PB80-227580, PB80-227598, PB80-
227796, PB80-227804, PB80-227812, and PB80-
228042.
This NTIS tape contains 9 files. The following atmos-
pheric dispersion models are made available on this
tape. (1) PAL version 80080 is an update of version
78310. PAL Is a method of estimating short-term dis-
persion using Gaussian-Plume steady-state assump-
tions for Point. Areas, and Line Sources. (2) HIWAY-2
version 80080 Is an update to the HIWAY model. This
steady-state Qaussian model can be applied to deter-
mine air pollution concentrations downwind of 'at-
grade' and 'cut-section' highways. (3) TEM8 Is a For-
Fran program designed to predict ground level, short-
term concentrations of atmospheric pollutants from
point and area sources. (4-6) MESOPLUME, MESO-
PUFF, and MESOGRID are three variable-trajectory
regional-scale atmospheric dispersion models. They
are designed to simulate the air quality Impacts of mul-
tiple point sources at long transport distances. MESO-
PLUME and MESOPUFF are Qaussian dispersion
models while MESOQRID Is a grid model, based on
the Egan-Mahoney method of moments. T he three re-
maining flies are: MESOPAG, a meteorological pre-
processor program. MESOFILE, a postprocessing
system designed for file management, file merging, file
manipulations, statistical analyses, and graphical dis-
play. MESOTEST, an example data base for the ME-
SOPLUME, MESOPUFF and MESOGRID dispersion
models...Software Description: The system Is written In
the Fortran programming language for Implementation
on an UNIVAC computer using the 33R operating
system. 7K bytes of core storage for HIWAY-2,92K for
MESOQRID are required to operate the system.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, *Alr pollution, 'Atmos-
pheric models, Magnetic tapes, Dispersions, Algo-
rithms, Fortran programming language, PAL computer
program, HIWAY-2 computer program, TEM8 comput-
iram, MESO-
omputer pro-
.. . J.- . . . SOFILEcom-
puter program, MESOTEST computer program.
PB80-227566 PC AOS/MF A01
User's Quid* for HIWAY-2. A Highway Air Pollu-
tion Model.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
WlRian B. Petersen. May 80,84p EPA-60078-80-018,
EPA/DF-80/007A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227649. See
also report dated Feb 75, PB-239 944.
A computer model, called HIWAY-2, can be used to
estimate the concentrations of nonreactive pollutants
from highway traffic. This steady-state Gaussian
model can be applied to determine air pollution con-
centrations at receptor locations downwind of 'at-
grade' and 'cut section' highways located In relatively
uncomplicated terrain. With the exception of receptors
directly on the highway or within the cut, the model is
applicable for any wind -.,-ection, highway orientation,
and receptor location. The model was developed for
situations where horizontal wind flow occurs. The
model cannot consider complex terrain or large ob-
structions to the flow such as buildings or large trees.
Keywords: 'Highway transportation. 'Air pollution,
'Atmospheric motion, Highways, Mathematical
models, Computerized simulation, Wind(Meteorology),
Turbulent diffusion, Computer programs, Fortran,
HIWAY-2 computer program.
PB80-227664 PC A08/MF A01
User's Guide for PAL A Gaussian-Plume Algo-
rithm for Point Area, and Line Sources,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
William B. Petersen. Feb 78,167p EPA-600/4-78-013,
EPA/DF-80/007B
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
PAL is a method of estimating short-term dispersion
using Gaussian-plume steady-state assumptions. The
algorithm can be used for estimating concentrations of
non-reactive pollutants at 99 receptors for averaging
times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a limited number of
point, area, and line sources (99 of each type). This al-
gorithm is not Intended for application to entire urban
areas but Is Intended, rather, to assess the Impact on
air quality, on scales of tens to hundreds of meters, of
portions of urban areas such as shopping centers,
large parking areas, and airports. Level terrain Is as-
sumed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Urban areas, Shopping cen-
ters, Airports, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathematical
models, Algorithms, Computer programs, Computer-
ized simulation.
PB80-227672 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Texas Episodic Model, User's Guide. Final rept.
Texas Air Control Board, Austin.
Oct 79,224p EPA/DF-80/007C
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
The Texas Episodic Model Version 8 (TEM8) Is a For-
tran computer program designed to predict ground
level, short-term concentrations of atmospheric pollut-
ants. This model uses a technique, first Introduced In
the Texas Cllmatologlcal Model, that requires much
less computer time than most short-term models. Pre-
dictions are based upon the steady-state Gaussian
plume hypothesis, Brlggs plume rise formulations, and
Pasquill-Gulfford dispersion coefficient approxima-
tions. The TEM8 Is a general purpose model that has
many applications. Ground level concentrations for
one or two pollutants can be determined for time peri-
ods from 10 minutes to 24 hours. TEM8 maintains the
assumption that the mass of the plume cross section Is
conserved for all averaging times. Up to 300 individual
point sources and up to 50 area sources may be input
to the model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathe-
matical models, Computer programs, Computerized
simulation, Wlnd(Meteorology), Texas, Fortran, Point
sources, Area sources, TEMB computer program.
PB80-227580 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 1. Comparative Sensitivity Stud-
ies of PUFF, PLUME, and GRID Model* for Long
Distance Dispersion. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, and
Charles S. Morris. Sep 79,221 p EPA-600/7-80-056,,
EPA/DF-80/007D
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.Color
illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report provides detailed comparisons and sensi-
tivity analyses of three candidate models, MESO-
PLUME, MESOPUFF, and MESOGRID. This was not a
validation study; there was no suitable regional air
quality data base for the Four Corners area. Rather,
the models have been evaluated by analyzing: model
response to varying mesoscale flow regimes, model
sensitivity to systematic variations In meteorological
and model design parameters; and model accuracy
versus computational requirements and costs.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Computer
programs, Fortran, MESOPLUME computer program,
MESOPUFF computer program, MESOGRID comput-
er program, Southwestern Reglon(United States).
PB80-227S96 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 2. User's Guide to MESOPLUME
(Mesoscale Plume Segment) Model. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, and
Charles S. Morris. Sep 79.141p EPA-600/7-80-057,,
EPA/DF-80/007E
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
December 1983 949
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Highly user-oriented, MESOPLUME provides a range
of flexible options, and its clean, modular structure per-
mits further modifications with ease. It is designed to
be driven by user-specified meteorological scenarios,
of arbitrary duration, constructed by a suitable meteor-
ological preprocessor model (e.g., MESOPAC). It out-
puts spatially-gridded concentration arrays averaged
over arbitrary time intervals of one hour or more and is
designed to be coupled to a postprocessor model
(e.g., MESOFILE) to provide additional graphical and
statistical analyses. Routines are provided for: plume
rise; plume growth; fumigation; linear conversion of
S02 to SO4; and dry deposition of S02 and S04.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Computer
programs, Fortran, MESOPLUME computer program,
Point sources.
PB80-227630 PC A02/MF A01
Emission* and Fuel Economy Tests of the Univer-
sity of Florida Hybrid Bus. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Dec 77, 25p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-10
Several years ago the University of Florida began stud-
ies of hybrid vehicles under the sponsorship of the
State of Florida Department of Transportation. Initially
they designed and built a small gasoline-electric hybrid
automobile. The program was later expanded to the
design and construction of a hybrid diesel-electric bus
with funding provided by UMTA for the demonstration
phase of the project. Extensive testing of the bus was
conducted over the last two years. The vehicle was
also placed in sen/ice in Gainesville for a considerable
part of this time. In January, 1977, UMTA asked EPA to
conduct emission and fuel economy tests of the hybrid
bus.
Keywords: *Buses(Vehicles), "Exhaust emissions,
•Fuel consumption, Electric automobiles, Exhaust
gases, Diesel engines, Spark ignition engines, Per-
formance evaluation, Electric hybrid vehicles.
PB80-227796 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 3. User's Guide to MESOPUFF
(Mesoscale Puff) Model. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, and
Charles S. Morris. Sep 79,122p EPA-60077-80-058,,
EPA/DF-80/007F
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
MESOPUFF is a variable-trajectory regional-scale
Gaussian puff model especially designed to simulate
the air quality impacts of multiple point sources at long
transport distances. Highly user-oriented, MESOPUFF
provides a range of flexible options, and its clean,
modular structure permits further modifications with
ease. It Is designed to be driven by user-specified me-
teorological scenarios, of arbitrary duration, construct-
ed by a suitable meteorological preprocessor model
(e.g., MESOPAC). It outputs spatially-gridded concen-
tration arrays averaged over arbitrary time intervals of
one hour or more and is designed to be coupled to a
postprocessor model (e.g., MESOFILE) to provide ad-
ditional graphical and statistical analyses. Routines are
provided for: plume rise; plume growth; fumigation;
linear conversion of SO2 to SO4; and dry deposition of
SO2andSO4.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Computer
programs, Fortran, MESOPUFF computer program,
Point sources.
PB80-227804 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 4. User's Guide to MESOGRID
(Mesoscal* Grid) Model. Final rept,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, and
Charles S. Morris. Sep 79,107p EPA-600/7-80-059,,
EPA/DF-80/007G
950 Vol. 83, No. 26
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
MESOGRID Is a regional-scale grid model, based on
the Egan-Mahoney method of moments, especially de-
signed to simulate the air quality impacts of multiple
sources at long transport distances. Highly user-orient-
ed, MESOGRID provides a range of flexible options,
and its clean, modular structure permits further modifi-
cations with ease. It is designed to be driven by user-
specified meteorological scenarios, of arbitrary dura-
tion, constructed by a suitable meteorological pre-
processor model (e.g., MESOPAC). It outputs spatial-
ly-gridded concentration arrays averaged over arbi-
trary time intervals of one hour or more, and is de-
signed to be coupled to a postprocessor model (e.g.,
MESOFILE) to provide additional graphical and statis-
tical analyses. Routines are provided for: plume rise;
fumigation; linear conversion of S02 to SO4; and dry
deposition of SO2 and SO4.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Computer
programs, Fortran, MESOGRID computer program,
Point sources.
PB80-227812 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 5. User's Guide to the MESOFILE
Postprocessing Package. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Techno
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, Charles
S. Morris, and John E. Beebe. Sep 79,65p EPA-600/
7-80-060,, EPA/DF-80/007H
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
Technology, Inc., Con-
The MESOscale FILE manag ,____
age (MESOFILE) is a highly flexible postprocessing
system designed especially for interface with the ME-
SOPLUME, MESOPUFF, and MESOGRID regional-
scale air quality models, and the MESOPAC meteorol-
ogy package. The MESOFILE package is composed of
five distinct program modules consisting of file man-
agement, file merging, file manipulation, statistical
analysis, and graphical display. The file management
system automatically catalogues input parameter
values and output file locations of all regional-scale
model simulations; any set of regional-scale model
output can, therefore, be easily accessed for postana-
lysis. Postprocessing capabilities include multiple file
averaging, multiple file addition, point-by-point and
bulk statistical comparison of two files, contour plots of
concentration and most meteorological fields, and
vector plots of wind fields.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions, Data
processing, Wind(Meteorology), Computer program-
ming, Fortran, MESOFILE computer program, Point
sources.
PB80-228034 PC A17/MF A01
Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Units 4
and 5. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
15 Sep 80,393p EPA-904/9-80-048
See also Volume 1, PB80-225048 and Volume 2,
PB80-225055.
Florida Power Corporation proposes to construct and
operate two 695 MW (gross) capacity coal-fired elec-
tnc generating plants at the existing Crystal River com-
plex in northwest Citrus County, Florida. This EIS ex-
amines project alternatives, impacts and mitigative
measures related to groundwater, air, surface water,
ecological, and socioeconomic and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Construction, Waste dispos-
al, Cooling water. Runoff, Ground water, Air pollution,
Archaeology, Land use, Florida, Crystal River, Ecolo-
gy, Recreation, Coal, Citrus County(Florida).
PB80-228042 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Development of Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation
Models. Volume 6. User's Guide to MESOPAC (Me-
soscale Meteorology Package). Final rept..
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Arthur Bass, Carl W. Benkley, Joseph S. Scire, and
Charles S. Morris. Sep 79,73p EPA-600/7-80-061,,
EPA/DF-80/007I
Contract NOAA-03-6-02-35254
For system on magnetic tape, see PB80-227549.
MESOPAC is a mesoscale meteorological preproces-
sor program; it is designed to provide meteorological
data to regional-scale air quality simulation models.
Radiosonde data routinely available from National
Weather Service (NWS) radiosonde ('upper air') and
surface stations are used to produce spatially-interpo-
lated, time-sequenced mesoscale meteorological data
fields. These include: (a) horizontal (u.v) wind compo-
nents; (b) mixing depth; (c) Pasquill-Gifford-Turner
(PGT) stability class. An interpolation/iterative relax-
ation scheme Is used to construct the wind field. The
mixing depth and PGT stability fields are created with a
new physically appealing algorithm. MESOPAC is a
fully-independent program, easily coupled to any rea-
sonably modular transport-diffusion model. Currently,
it is used to drive the MESOPUFF, MESOPLUME, and
MESOGRID models. MESOPAC is highly user-orient-
ed: easy to understand; easy to use; easy to modify. If
offers a range of features including: user-specified grid
resolution (maximum resolution is 40 x 40 elements);
arbitrary grid orientation and size; user-specified data
stations and significant data levels (e.g., surface, 850
mb, 700 mb); user-controllable minimization of wind
field divergence; time-weighted (centered) interpola-
tion of data fields; arbitrary duration of meteorological
episode; and multiple choices of output time interval
(1,2,3,4,6, or 12 hours).
Keywords: *Air pollution, Plumes, Dispersions,
Wind(Meteorology), Mathematical models, Computer-
ized simulation, Computer programs, Fortran, MESO-
PAC computer program, Point sources.
PB80-904200 Subscription
EPA Publications Bibliography. Quarterly Abstract
Bulletin. Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Li-
brary Systems Branch.
1980,4 issues*
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $60.00/year; single copy price
PCS15.00, MF$15.00; all others write for quote.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished In December 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
ports generated by EPA and Its predecessor agencies
and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976.
Access points to this cumulative are by Report Title;
Subject (keyword); Corporate or Personal Author, Con-
tract Number; and Accession/Report Number. Begin-
ning In March 1977, quarterly update supplements
were published listing and indexing EPA technical re-
ports and journal articles entered into the NTIS collec-
tion during the preceding quarter. An additional Index
titled Sponsoring EPA Office was included as well. The
fourth issue of the year contains bibliographic citations
with abstracts for the preceding quarter and cumula-
tive indexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Subject index-
ing, Research, Waste disposal, Water supply, Land
use, Public health, Authors, Technical reports, Agricul-
ture, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Combus-
tion products, Pesticides, Oil pollution, Radiation, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Air quality maintenance, Stand-
ards compliance. Air pollution effects(Anlmals), Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials),
Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB80-911601 MFI35.00
Pesticide Label File Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1980,42p
Update to NTISUB/C/116.
Microfiche copy only.
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act requires that the Labels of all registered pesticides
contain certain specific types of Information. Incuded
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in the information of the labels are active ingrediervt(s)
and percentages of same; common name, if any, of
active chemical; sites and pests for usage, as well as
dosage; safety information; and the product name and
manufacturer for that specific product.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Documentation, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Rodenticides,
Herbicides, Businesses, Labels, Microflm, Safety,
Dosage.
PB80-921900 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Set
AandB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1980,2 issues
Supersedes NTISUB/C/219. Includes NTIS/PR-380,
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
Guide (5th Edition).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$150.00; ail others write for quote.
The report includes pesticide information on product
names, manufacturers, active ingredients, tolerances
for residues, and site and pest information for particu-
lar products and active chemical ingredients. Also it
contains Pest/Site Data.
Keywords: "Documentation, "Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Businesses, Toxic tolerances,
microfilm, Labels, Information, Consumer products.
PB80-922000 Standing Order
PMtlclde Product Information on Microfiche: Set
A.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1980,2 issues
Supersedes NTISUB/C/220. Includes NTIS/PR-380,
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
Guide (5th Edition).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$40.00; all others write for quote. Also available with
SetB.asPBSO-921900.
The report includes pesticide information on product
names, manufacturers, active ingredients, tolerances
for residues, and site and pest information for particu-
lar products and active chemical ingredients.
Keywords: "Documentation, "Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Businesses, Toxic tolerances, Microfilm,
Information, Consumer products.
PB80-922100 Standing Order
PMtlclde Product Information on Microfiche: Set
B(Slte/PMt).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1981,2 Issues
Supersedes PB-265 550. Includes NTIS/PR-380, Pes-
ticide Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
Guide (5th Edition).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$120.00; all others write for quote. Also available with
SetA.asPB80-921900.
The report includes pesticide information on product
names, manufacturers, active ingredients, tolerances
for residues, and site and pest information for particu-
lar products and active chemical ingredients. Also it
contains Pest/Site Data.
Keywords: "Documentation, "Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Businesses, Toxic tolerances,
Microfilm, Labels, Information, Consumer products.
PB81-100281 PC A02/MF A01
The Ordination of Aquatic Nematode Communl-
tlM as Affected by Stream Water Quality. Journal
article.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Betheeda, MD.
C, A. Callahan, V. R. Ferris, and J. M. Ferris. 1979,22p
EPA-600/J-79-107
Pub. In Environmental Biomonitoring, Assessment,
Prediction, and Management-Certain Case Studies
and Related Quantitative Issues, p101-116 1979. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
Dept. of Entomology.
Benthlc nematodes were sampled at 16 sites on two
streams to investigate the relationships of nematode
community structure to various water quality factors. A
prominence value for each species was calculated for
use in three-dimensional community ordination. Spe-
cies composition of the sites, nematode density, and
species interaction with certain physico-chemical fac-
tors were significant in determining the pattern, or clus-
tering, of the sites in the ordinations.
Keywords: "Nematodes, "Streams, "Water pollution,
Indicator species, Density(Mass/volume), Nitrogen, In-
organic phosphates, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Statis-
tical analysis, Benthos, Substrates,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Bioindicators,
"Water quality data.
PB81-100299 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Effect* of Increased Coal Utiliza-
tion: Ecological Effect* of Gaseous Emissions
from Coal Combustion. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Norman R. Glass. 1979,25p EPA-600/J-79-106
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v33 p249-
2721979.
This report is limited to an evaluation of the ecological
and environmental effects of gaseous emissions and
aerosols of various types which result from coal com-
bustion. It deals with NOx, SOx, fine paniculate, photo-
chemical oxidant and acid precipitation as these pollut-
ants affect natural and managed resources and eco-
systems. Also, synergistic effects involving two or
more pollutants are evaluated as well as ecosystem
level effects of gaseous pollutants.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Aerosols, "Coal,
"Air pollution, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Photochemical reactions, Combustion, Aquatic
biology, Marine biology, Cost analysis, Reprints, *Acid
precipitation, Ecosystems.
PB81-100307 PC A02/MF A01
Distribution and Movement of Toxaphane In An-
aerobic Saline Mar*h Soil*. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
John L Gallagher, Sarah E. Robinson, William J.
Pfeiffer, and Denlse M. Sellskar. 1 Jan 78,9p EPA-
600/J-79-102
Pub. in Hydrobiologia, v631 p3-91979.
The distribution and method of movement of a hydro-
phobic pesticide through anaerobic saline marsh soils
profiles was investigated. In the study are the flooding
tidal water containing low concentrations of toxa-
phene. The compound accumulated only slightly In the
marsh soils not flooded dally by the tides. Pesticide
concentrations in the marsh soils generally decreased
with depth. Highest pesticide concentrations were as-
sociated with the dead roots.
Keywords: "Soils, "Pesticides, "Marshes, "Pollution,
Dlstrlbutlon(Property), Salinity, Leaching. Soil profiles,
Plant tissues, Reprints, Path of pollutants, Spartina al-
terniflora.
PB81-100316 PC A02/MF A01
Temperature and Oxygen-Nitrogen Qa* Ratio*
Affect Fl*h Survival In Air-Supersaturated Water.
Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Alan V. Nebeker, A. Kent Hauck, and Faye 0. Baker.
16 Aug 78,6p EPA-600/J-79-103
Pub. in Water Research, v13 p229-3031979.
Juvenile steelhead trout and Juvenile chinook, coho
and sockeye salmon were tested at different tempera-
tures at the same concentration of air-supersaturated
water. Supersaturated water concentrations in differ-
ent tests were 115, 116,117, 118 and 120% satura-
tion. Increased temperatures cause a significant (P
<0/005) Increase In steelhead mortality.
Keywords: "Salmon, "Fisheries, "Supersaturation,
"Water pollution, Oxygen, Gases, Temperature, Sur-
vival, Air, Toxlclty, Nitrogen, Reprints, "Ictalurus melas,
'Brevoortla tyrannus.
PB81-100323
PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Light and Temperature on Monoter-
pene Emission Rate* from Slash Pine. Journal arti-
cle,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
David T. Tingey, Marybeth Manning, Louis C.
Grothaus, and Walter F. Burns. 26 Dec 79,7p EPA-
600/J-80-031
Pub. in Plant Physiology, v65 p797-801 1980. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Cor-
vallis, OR. Revision of report dated 17 Sep 79.
There is growing awareness of vegetation's role as a
source of potentially reactive hydrocarbons that may
serve as photochemical oxidant precursors. This study
assessed the influence of light and temperature, Inde-
pendently, on monoterpene emissions from slash pine
(Pinus elliotti). Plants were preconditioned in a growth
chamber, then transferred to an environmentally con-
trolled gas exchange chamber. Samples of the cham-
ber atmosphere were collected; the monoterpenes
were concentrated cryogenically and measured by gas
chromotography.
Keywords: "Temperature, "Light(Visible radiation),
"Pine trees, "Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, Photochemi-
cal reactions, Cultivation, Terpene hydrocarbons, Gas
chromatography, Reprints, "Pinus elllottii.
PB81-100331 PC A02/MF A01
Cadmium Effect* on the Nitrogen Fixation System
of Red Alder. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Carlos Wickliff, Harold J. Evans, Kevin R. Carter, and
Sterling A. Russell. 1980,7p EPA-600/J-80-035
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v9 n2 p180-194
1980.
Red alder (Alnus rubra) was grown in sand culture in
the greenhouse to obtain data on the effects of cadmi-
um (Cd) on a symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation system
which contributes to the fertility of forest soils. Treat-
ment of red alder seedlings for 11 weeks with 0.545 to
136 micrometers CdCI2 in N-free nutrient solution de-
creased in situ nitrogenase activity 25 to 89%, N fixa-
tion 23 to 98%, ana the number of nodules per plant
29 to 74%, when compared to plants receiving no Cd.
Similar reductions were observed in plant growth.
Treatment with 0.054 to 0.545 micrometers CdCI2 de-
creased nitrogenase activity 6 to 31 %.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Forest trees, "Nitrogen fixa-
tion, Plant growth, Abundance, Nitrogen, Soil fertility,
Accumulation, Seeds, Concentratlon(Composition),
Reprints, "Alnus rubra, Red alder trees.
PB81-100349 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Seedling
Emergence and Growth of Eleven Woody Spe-
cie*. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Jeffrey J. Lee, and David E. Weber. 20 Sep 78,9p
EPA-600/J-79-105
Pub. In Forest Science, v3 n25 p393-3981979.
Seeds of eleven woody species were exposed to 2.3
cm/wk of simulated sulfurlc acid rain at pH values of
3.0, 3.5, or 4.0, or to a simulated control rain at ap-
proximately pH 5.6. All treatments also contained a
neutral mixture of cations and anions based on con-
centrations reported for Hubbard Brook, N.H. Seeds or
seedlings were subject to ambient conditions, except
for precipitation. Ambient rainfall was excluded by a
partial covering which allowed some dry deposition.
Seeds were planted in winter, 1977; seedlings were
harvested the following summer. The dry weights of
the tops and roots of each seedling were recorded.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Precipitation(Methodologv), "Air
pollution, "Water pollution, Sulfuric acid, Cations,
Anions, Seeds, Forest trees, Shrubs, New Hampshire,
Reprints, Acid precipitation, Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB81-100358 PC A02/MF A01
Enrichment of Cadmium-Mediated Antlblotic-Re-
*l*tant Bacteria in a Douglas-Fir 'Pseudotsuga
menzlMir Litter Microcosm. Journal article,
National Heart, Luna, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Bruce Llghthart. 20 Fob 79,5p EPA-600/ J-79-110
Pub. In Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v37
n5p859-6611979.
December 1983 951
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A set of Douglas-fir needle microcosms was amended
with cadmium, acid, a combination of both, or neither.
After 2 weeks of Incubation, bacterial colony counts
were made of litter homogenates Inoculated onto agar
media containing an antibiotic (streptomycin, chloro-
mycetin, ampicilltn, or gentamlcln), cadmium, both, or
neither. In all microcosms bacterial abundance was
similar but the quality was very dissimilar. Cadmium-
treated microcosms had populations enriched for cad-
mium and gentamicln resistance and streptomycin and
chloramphenlcol sensitivity.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, *Flr trees, Bacteria, Refuse,
Antibiotics, Sensitivity, Chloroamphenlcol, Streptomy-
cins, Abundance, Reprints, Microcosm, Pseudotsuga
menzlesll.
PB81-100364 PC A08/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Upgrading Environmental Radiation Data: Health
Physics Society Committee Report HPSR-1
(1880).
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Aug 80, 116p EPA-520/1-80-012
This report Is a collection of nine Individual Health
Physics Society subcommittee reports on different as-
pects of environmental radiation data associated with
nuclear power plants. The subcommittee reports in-
clude: Environmental Radiation Monitoring Objectives,
Definition of Critical Pathways and Radlonuclldes for
Population Radiation Exposure at Nuclear Power Sta-
tions, Propagation of Uncertainties In Environmental
Pathway Dose Models, Detection of Changes In Envi-
ronmental Levels Due to Nuclear Power Plants, Quality
Assurance for Environmental Monitoring Programs,
Reporting of Environmental Radiation Measurements
Data, Statistical Methods for Environmental Radiation
Data Interpretation, Effective Communication with the
Public, Environmental Radiological Surveillance-
Mechanisms for Information Exchange.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Health physics,
•Radiation dosage, Electric power plants, Models, Sur-
veillance, Radioactive Isotopes, Detection, Exposure,
Measurement, Quality assurance, Environmental
health, Monitoring.
PB81-100489 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Contribution of Wind Blown Dust
from the Desert to Level* of Paniculate Matter In
Desert Communities. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
Frank A. Record, and Lisa A. Baci. Aug 80,113p EPA-
450/2-80-078
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
This report uses existing data and studies to assess
the Impact of windblown desert dust on the attainment
of TSP standards in major cities situated in desert envi-
ronments in the Southwestern U.S. Primary emphasis
is placed on four cities: Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona;
and Las Vegas and Reno, Nevada. It is concluded that:
(1) the contribution of windblown dust from the undis-
turbed desert floor to particulate levels in desert com-
munities is very small and should be considered as
part of the background; (2) If human activities repeat-
edly break up the desert crust, local violations of the
24-hour standards are likely; (3) there is substantial
agreement on the principal source categories of fugi-
tive dust contributing to the nonattainment problem
and the characteristics of urban areas most affected
by each category.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Dust, De-
serts, Wind(Meteorology), Air pollution standards.
•Total suspended particulates, Southwest
Region(United States), Phoenix(Arizona),
Tucson(Arizona), Las Vegas(Nevada), Reno(Nevada),
Cities.
PB81-100497 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaners - Background In-
formation for Proposed Standards.
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Aug 80,171 p EPA-450/3-79-029A
Contract EPA-68-02-3063
Standards of Performance for the control of emission
from perchloroethylene dry cleaning facilities are being
proposed under the authority of section 111 (b) of the
Clean Air Act. These standards apply to new, modified,
or reconstructed perchloroethylene dry cleaning facili-
ties, the construction or modification of which began
on or after the date of proposal. This draft document
contains background information, environmental and
economic Impact assessments, and the rationale for
the standards as proposed under 40 CFR Part 80,
Subpart 00.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statement-draft,
•Vinyl chloride, 'Dry cleaning, Standards, Revisions,
Economic impact, Substitutes, Regulations, Sources,
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, Stationary
sources.
PB81-101669 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Washington County Project: A Final Report. De-
velopment and Implementation of a Sediment
Control Ordinance or Other Regulatory Mecha-
nism: Institutional Arrangements Necessary for
Implementation of Control Methodology on Urban
and Rural Lands. Final rept. May 74-May 79,
Wisconsin Board of Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
tricts, Madison.
F. W. Madison, J. L. Arts, S. J. Berkowltz, E. E. Salmon,
and B. B. Hagman. Nov 79,142p EPA-905/9-80-003
Grant EPA-G-005139
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Unlv.-Exten-
sion, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison,
and Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Com-
mission, Waukesha.
The primary objective of thia project was to demon-
strate the effectiveness of land control measures In Im-
dlnance applicable to Incorporated and unincorporat-
ed areas on a county-wide basis.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Erosion, 'Water pollution
control, Economic Impact, Social effect, Nutrients,
Land use, Ordinances, Wisconsin, Land treatment,
Washington County(Wisconsin), Institutional frame-
work.
PB81-101677 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Catalyst Poisoning and Catalyst Recovery Due to
Mlsfuellng. Final rept.
California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
31 Oct79,250p EPA-460/3-80-022
Contract EPA-68-03-2783
Two fleets of catalyst equipped vehicles were tested
for exhaust emissions to generate data on the rate of
deterioration of catalyst efficiency due to misfuellng
and on the rate of recovery of catalysts which had
been poisoned by one tankful of leaded gasoline.
There were ten vehicles in the catalyst poisoning test
program, four with oxidation catalysts and six with
three-way catalysts. A five-car fleet was used for the
catalyst recovery test program. This report presents
the data generated from the two test programs. Under
the contract, analysis of the test data Is not required.
The test results are therefore not discussed or ana-
lyzed in this report.
Keywords: 'Catalytic converters, Motor vehicles, De-
terioration, Catalysis, Recovery, Gasoline, Data,
•Poisoning(Reaction Inhibition), Misfuellng.
PB81-101885 PC A03/MF A01
An Investigation of Future Ambient Diesel Particu-
late Levels Occurring In Large-Scale Urban Areas.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel P. Heiser. Nov 79,39p EPA-AA-SDSB-79-30
The Environmental Protection Agency proposed a par-
ticulate standard for diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
in February, 1979, and is in the process of promulgat-
ing this standard. One of the prime inputs to this proc-
ess is the effect of diesel particulate emissions on air
Quality. The purpose of this report is to determine the
diesel's effect on ambient particulate levels over large
urban areas. Past studies are examined and combined
with original projections to arrive at the best estimate
of ambient diesel particulate levels In U.S. cities. A
companion study Is being conducted to determine the
diesel's impact In smaller, local areas where the
Impact may be significantly larger (e.g., street can-
yons).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Diesel engines, Urban
areas, Standards, Motor vehicles, ^Particulates,
'Diesel engine exhaust, Air pollution standards, Air
quality.
PB81-101974 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
An Experimental Study of Lake Loading by Aero-
sol Transport and Dry Deposition In the Southern
Lake Michigan Basin. Flnalrept. 1 Jun 76-31 Jul 79,
Governors state Univ., Park Forest South, IL. Coll. of
Environmental and Applied Sciences.
Herman Sleverlng, Menul Dave, Donald A. Dolske,
Richard L Hughes, and Patrlc McCoy. Jul 79,197p
EPA-905/4-79-016
Grant EPA-R-005301-01
Prepared in cooperation with Natinal Center for Atmos-
pheric Research, Boulder, CO. Research Aircraft Fa-
cility.
A Lake Michigan experimental program to assess the
contribution to Great Lakes loading by atmospheric
transport and dry deposition of aerosol was conduct-
ed. A midlake and nearshore trace element and nutri-
ents data base with associated meteorology capable
of establishing a climatology for mass transfer to Lake
Michigan was collected during 1977 and 1978. Signifi-
cant data for Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Tl, Zn, total P,
NO3 and 804 were obtained. A strong linear depend-
ence upon atmospheric thermal stability In the variabil-
ity of all twelve aerosol constituents was found, but no
linear dependence upon wind speed was found. Bulk
deposition velocities as a function of overlake climatol-
ogy were used to calculate dry deposition atmospheric
loadings to Lake Michigan.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, "Air pollution, 'Water pollution,
•Lake Michigan, Air water Interactions, Industrial
wastes, Heat transfer, Wind velocity, Metals, Trace
elements, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Deposition, Particle size,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Mathematical models, Thermodynamic proper-
ties, Drag, Trajectories, Micrometeorology, 'Acid pre-
cipitation.
PB81-102188 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Two Concepta for Protection of
Fish Larvae at Cooling Water Intakes. Final rept.
May 75-Mar 80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
D. A. Tomllanovich, J. H. Heuer, J. B. Brellenthln, J. T.
Johnson, and S. H. Magliente. May 80,110p TVA-
EDT-102, EPA-600/7-80-094
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Morris. Office of Natural Resources.
The report gives results of a laboratory evaluation of
'Implnge-release' and 'fish-avoidance' concepts for
protecting fish larvae at cooling water intakes. Im-
pinge-release requires a vertical-traveling screen that
limits Impingement time to several minutes, the maxi-
mum time depending on the species to be protected. A
stationary slotted screen in flowing water was used to
evaluate the ability of fish to avoid entrapment. Both
concepts showed high potential for protecting larvae
as well as older life stages.
Keywords: 'Cooling water, 'Fishes, -Water pollution,
Impingement, Larvae, Intake systems, Electric power
plants, Protection, Water Intakes.
PB81-102204
PC AOS/MF A01
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Control of Indoor
Radon Daughter Levels In New Structures,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Joseph E. Fitzgerald, Jr., Richard J. Guimond, and
Roger A. Shaw. Nov 76,88p EPA-520/4-76-018
952 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An evaluation is presented on state-of-the-art radon
daughter control measures for proposed structures
which have radon exhalation through the foundations.
Five technologies are evaluated for cost-effective-
ness: ventilation, polymeric sealants, excavation, ven-
tilated crawl space construction, and improved slab
construction. The implementation of these control
measures by the builder through interaction with local
health authorities is also evaluated.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Residential buildings, *Air pollu-
tion control, Ventilation, Sealing, Construction, Exca-
vation, 'Indoor air pollution, Radon daughters, Phos-
phate industry.
PB81-102626 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Water Quality Studies of Lower and Middle Green
Bay, 1938-1977. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
Judith Henningson, Tim Coughlin, and Marc Phillips.
Sep 78,64p EPA-905/4-78-003
Grant EPA-R-005332-01
Research with quantitative water quality data from
Green Bay was located and evaluated by objective cri-
teria. Data from 'high priority' studies were entered into
Enviromental Protection Agency computer systems
(chemical data in STORE! and biological data in
BIOSTORET). A summary of the data stored is pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Green Bay, Monitoring,
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Chlorophylls, pH,
Temperature, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Chlorides,
Transparence, Metals, Tables(Oata), Lake Michigan,
'Water quality data.
PB81-102659 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants: Styrene, Ethylbenzene, and Relat-
ed Compounds. Final rept,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Joseph Santodonato, William M. Meylan, Leslie N.
Davis, Philip H. Howard, and Denise M. Orzel. May 80,
279pTR-80-569, EPA-560/11-80-018
Contract EPA-68-01-3250
This report reviews the potential environmental hazard
from the commercial use of four related compounds:
ethylbenzene, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, and divin-
ylbenzene. Both ethylbenzene and styrene are pro-
duced In 6-7 billion pounds per year while the other two
compounds are produced in much smaller quantities.
Ethylbenzene is used to produce styrene and styrene
and the other monomers are used to make polystyrene
and other resins, elastomers, and rubbers. Significant
non-commercial sources of the compounds are also
possible including automobile exhaust, gasoline, and
other combustion sources. Ethylbenzene and styrene
have both been detected in air and water samples. In-
formation on physical and chemical properties, pro-
duction methods and quantities, commercial uses and
factors affecting environmental contamination and in-
formation related to health and biological are re-
viewed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Styrene. Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Toxicity, Exposure, Chemical
reactions, Manufacturing, Monitoring, Sampling, Sites,
Transport properties, Regulations, Standards, Cargo
transportation, 'Benzene/ethyl, 'Styrene/methyl,
'Benzene/dMnyl, Path of pollutants.
PB81-102709 PC A03/MF A01
A Review of Radiation Exposure Estimates from
Normal Operations In the Management and Dis-
posal ol Hlgh-Level Radioactive Wastes and
Spent Nuclear Fuel. Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
William F. Holcomb. Aug 80,34p EPA-520/3-80-008
The Office of Radiation Programs, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared this analysis of the radio-
active releases during normal waste management op-
erations and the resulting radiation doses as technical
support for EPA's proposed environmental radiation
protection standards, 40 CFR 191. Our review includes
preparation for storage or disposal, and emplacement
in a disposal repository. The author found that they are
small compared to the releases and doses in EPA's
uranium fuel cycle standards, 40 CFR 190. For Sub-
part A of 40 CFR 191 on waste management and stor-
age operations, EPA proposes to extend the limita-
tions of 40 CFR 190 to these operations.
Keywords: 'Exposures, Radiation dosage, Estimates,
Radiation protection, Standards, Storage, Packaging,
'Radioactive waste disposal, 'High level radioactive
wastes, Spent fuels, Environment protection, Radioac-
tive waste storage, Emplacement, Radioactive waste
management, Transuranium elements.
PB81-102717 PC A05/MF A01
Package Water Treatment Plants. Volume 2. A
Cost Evaluation. Final rept. Jun 77-Jun 79,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Richard G. Stevie, and Robert M. Clark. Jul 80,78p
EPA-600/2-80-008B
Many small and rural systems have both cost and qual-
ity problems. Their unit costs tend to be higher be-
cause of the small number of connections they serv-
ice. As shown by the Community Water Supply Survey
of 1969, many small systems have trouble meeting
minimal drinking water standards. These problems are
likely to be compounded in the future as drinking water
standards are raised. The cost of building a conven-
tional water treatment plant to provide higher quality
water for a small community may be prohibitive. A pos-
sible alternative to a conventional water treatment
plant is a package water treatment plant. These plants
are self-contained units that can be installed for a mini-
mum cost. Results from a study of 36 package plants
in Kentucky, West Virginia, ana Tennessee snow that
treatment plants can provide water that meets the tur-
bidity requirement of the National Interim Drinking
Water Standards.
Keywords: 'Construction costs, 'Water treatment,
Cost analysis, Operating costs, Cost effectiveness,
Performance evaluation, Water supply, Water distribu-
tion, Turbidity, Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee,
Package water treatment plants.
PB81-102725 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Bibliography of Selected Reports on Electron Mi-
croscopy and Its Use In Monitoring Asbestos.
Final rept. 1 Jan 68-1 Jun 80,
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockvllle, MD.
M. Virginia Shreve. Jun 80,29p TRACOR-JITCO-302-
106-28, EPA-560/13-80-019
Contract EPA-68-01-6021
Presented at the Asbestos International Association's
(3rd) Colloquium on Dust Measuring Techniques and
Strategy Held at Cannes, France on June 10-12,1980.
A bibliography of selected do~iments and reports
issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
on electron microscopy has been assembled as a
quick reference document; several additional reports
from other government agencies are also included.
This document also includes summaries of electron
microscopy studies currently sponsored by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. It was prepared for
international distribution at the Asbestos International
Association's Third Colloquium on Dust Measuring
Techniques and Strategy held in Cannes, France,
June 10-12,1980.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Asbestos, 'Electron mi-
croscopy, 'Environmental surveys, Monitoring, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis.
PB81-102790 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Dlv.
Restorative Maintenance Evaluation of High Mile-
age, Catalyst-Equipped Vehicles. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
7 Nov 79,133p EPA-460/3-80-025
Contracts EPA-68-03-2413, EPA-68-03-2612
During this work effort a series of inspection and re-
storative maintenance actions were performed on a
sample of nine 1975 through 1977 vehicles randomly
selected from the St. Louis metropolitan area. Eacn
vehicle within the test sample had been driven a mini-
mum of 75,000 miles prior to acceptance into the pro-
gram. A sequence of emission tests were performed
before and after all adjustments or corrective mainte-
nance. Such test sequences consisted of a Federal
Test Procedure, a Highway Fuel Economy Test, the
Federal Short Cycle, a Two Speed Idle Test and the
Federal 3-Mode Test. While in their as-received condi-
tion, each vehicle was subjected to a sequence of
tests followed by an inspection for engine maladjust-
ments and intentional disablements to the emission
control system. Any problems discovered during this
examination were corrected and the vehicle was re-
tested. An Emission Component Function check was
performed after the initial inspection and any subse-
quent tests. This procedure included an evaluation of
each component in the emission control system. All
malfunctioning or defective components were repaired
or replaced after the Emission Component Function
check. Following a retest of the vehicles, each was
fitted with a catalyst bypass and tested again. The
bypass units were then removed and a new catalyst
was installed prior to a final test sequence.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Catalytic converters, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Performance evaluation, 'Corrective mainte-
nance, Motor vehicles(1975 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1976 models), Motor vehicles(1977 models).
PB81-102808 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
A Study of the Effects of Fuel Switching on Cata-
lyst Equipped Vehicles. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Aug 80,220p EPA-460/3-80-023
Contract EPA-68-03-2693
This work effort consisted of a series of emission and
fuel economy tests on seven 1979 vehicles. The ob-
jectives of this effort were (1) to assess the effect of
operating a catalyst equipped vehicle on commercially
available leaded fuel, (2) to evaluate the emission
characteristics of the vehicle at a point where gross
catalytic poisoning and stabilization had occurred, (3)
to examine catalyst rejuvenation efforts, and (4) to ex-
amine misfueling and rejuvenation effects on the
oxygen sensor for vehicles equipped with a three-way
catalyst. Each of the seven vehicles received a series
of baseline tests, mileage accumulation tests using un-
leaded fuel, catalyst evaluation tests, mileage accumu-
lation tests using leaded fuel and a final series of tests
utilizing various combinations of fuel, catalyst status
and oxygen sensor status.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Catalytic converters,
'Automotive fuels, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, 'Unleaded gasoline.
PB81-102931 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Eccono-Jets Air Bleed Idle Screws.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Mar 78,11p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-21
Eccono-Jets are replacement idle mixture screws that
are marketed by Eccono Corporation of Detroit, Michi-
gan. Tests of Eccono-Jets conducted at Olson Labs
showed that use of Eccono-Jets resulted in significant
reduction of HC and CO emissions. On the basis of this
data, EPA decided to conduct confirmatory tests.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Carburetors,
'Screws, Fuel consumption, Exhaust emissions, Per-
formance evaluation.
PB81-103111
PC A04/MF A01
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol and Its Sodium and Potassi-
um Salts: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
28 Feb 79.70p' EPA/SPRD-80/79
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for trlchlor-
ophenol. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use,
environmental residues, and health effects Including
toxicology data. Limited information Is provided for ex-
posure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds, Residues,
December 1983 953
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Phenol/trichloro,
'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioac-
cumulation.
PB81-103137 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Kansas, Water Year
1979. Volume 2. Arkansas River Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS. Water Resources
Div.
Jul 80, 373p USGS/WRD/HD-80/044, USGS-WDR-
KS-79-2
See also Volume 1, PB80-195803.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for
Kansas consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality in wells. This report contains discharge
records for 65 gaging stations; stage and contents for
7 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 62 gaging sta-
tions; and water levels for about 319 observation wells
and water quality for about 243 wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Kansas,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water table,
Temperature, Arkansas River Basin, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB81-103277 PC A20/MF A01
Innovative and Alternative Technology Assess-
ment Manual. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Feb80,471p* EPA-430/9-78/009, EPA/MCD-53
This four chapter, six appendix manual presents the
procedures and methodology as well as the baseline
cost and energy information necessary for thee analy-
sis and evaluation of innovative and alternative tech-
nology applications submitted for federal grant assist-
ance under the innovative and alternative technology
provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977. The manual
clarifies and interprets the intent of Congress and the
Environmental Protection Agency in carrying out the
mandates of the innovative and alternative provisions
of the Clean Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Municipalities,
Manuals, Cost analysis, Evaluation, Classifications,
Cost effectiveness, Toxicity, Soil properties,, Equip-
ment, Sewage treatment, Environmental impacts, Acti-
vated carbon process, Risk, Legislation, Energy, Alter-
native planning, Clean Water Act of 1977.
PB81-103285 PC A06/MF A01
Air Quality Trends In Region VIII (1979 Data). Final
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
William H. Tabor, Thomas A. Entzminger, and Stephen
C. Bell. Sep 80,116p EPA-908/2-80-002
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Air quality trends and status for the calendar year 1979
were determined for the six states in Region VIII.
These states include Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. Data resi-
dent in the SAROAD national data bank was analyzed.
Statistical test which detect significant differences be-
tween two populations were utilized to identify trends.
The status and severity of air pollutants was reported
as a direct measure of air quality in each nonattain-
ment area.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Trends, Colorado, Montana,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, Stand-
ards, Tables(Data), Sites, 'Air quality data, *EPA
region 8, Storage and retrieval of aerometric data.
PB81-103350 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects on Measured Emissions of a Modified
FTP (Federal Test Procedure) Driving Cycle. Tech-
nical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Anthony E. Barth. Nov 77,21 p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-16
EPA has been testing vehicles for many years using
the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). However, localized
control strategies or specific problems often require
data that is not normally generated using the standard
FTP. To meet these needs, specific test programs are
undertaken to answer the questions raised. One
recent program extensively investigated the effects of
vehicle soak temperatures on emissions. To comple-
ment this effort, a short test series was undertaken to
quantify the probable emission effects of a modified
driving cycle and the results are the subject of this
report. Specifically, this test program was designed to
determine the effects of delaying vehicle warm-up.
This was accomplished by substituting slow speed
start-stop driving for the higher speeds normally used
at the start of the standard driving cycle.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Ex-
haust gases, Performance evaluation.
PB81-103475 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Biological Monitoring of Toxic Trace Metals.
Volume 1. Biological Monitoring and Surveillance,
Jenkins (Dale W.), Sarasota, FL.
Dale W. Jenkins. Sep 80,227p* EPA-600/3-80-089
Contract EPA-68-03-0443
See also Volume 2, Part 1, PB81 -103483.
The needs and priorities in using biological accumula-
tor organisms for monitoring toxic trace metals in
plants and animals are analyzed. The toxic trace
metals selected for study are antimony, arsenic, beryl-
lium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium. Data on
the toxicity to humans, abundance, production, use
and emissions of trace elements are presented and
sources and pathways to plants and animals listed.
Volume 1 of the two volumes evaluates available data
for the purpose of selecting biological monitoring orga-
nisms to monitor the 14 selected toxic metals, and rec-
ommends various organisms for use in national and
international monitoring systems and networks. This
study is based on the data compilation in Volume 2.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Indicator species, Antimony,
Arsenic, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Nickel,
Selenium, Tin, Vanadium, Surveillance,
Plants(Botany), Animals, 'Heavy metals, 'Trace
metals, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Monitor-
ing, 'Bioindicators.
PB81-103483 PC A22/MF A01
Environmenal Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Biological Monitoring of Toxic Trace Metals.
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals In Plants and Ani-
mals of the World. Part I,
Jenkins (Dale W.), Sarasota, FL.
Dale W. Jenkins. Sep 80,512p* EPA-600/3-80-090
Contract EPA-68-03-0443
See also Volume 1, PB81 -103475 and Volume 2, Part
2, PB81-103491.
The needs and priorities in using biological accumula-
tor organisms for monitoring toxic trace metals in
plants and animals are analyzed. The toxic trace
metals selected for study are antimony, arsenic, beryl-
lium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium. Data on
the toxicity to humans, abundance, production, use
and emissions of trace elements are presented and
sources and pathways to plants and animals listed.
Volume 2 brings together the majority of the significant
data on bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of the
14 trace metals discussed, which are considered to be
of most importance to man and his food organisms.
This volume provides a concise reference of oaseline
data for delineating the background or 'normal' levels
of toxic trace metals as well as levels that occur under
various pollutant conditions.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Indicator species, Antimony,
Arsenic, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Nickel,
Selenium, Tin, Vanadium, Surveillance,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Heavy metals, 'Trace
metals, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Monitor-
ing, 'Bioindicators.
PB81-103491 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Biological Monitoring of Toxic Trace Metals.
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals In Plants and Ani-
mals of the World. Part II,
Jenkins (Dale W.), Sarasota, FL.
Dale W. Jenkins. Sep 80,485p* EPA-600/3-80-091
Contract EPA-68-03-0443
See also Volume 2, Part 1, PB81-103483 and Volume
2, PartS, PB81-103509.
The needs and priorities in using biological accumula-
tor organisms for monitoring toxic trace metals in
plants and animals are analyzed. The toxic trace
metals selected for study are antimony, arsenic, beryl-
lium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium. Data on
the toxicity to humans, abundance, production, use
and emissions of trace elements are presented and
sources and pathways to plants and animals listed.
Volume 2 brings together the majority of the significant
data on bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of the
14 trace metals discussed, which are considered to be
of most importance to man and his food organisms.
This volume provides a concise reference of baseline
data for delineating the background or 'normal' levels
of toxic trace metals as well as levels that occur under
various pollutant conditions.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Indicator species, Antimony,
Arsenic, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Nickel,
Selenium, Tin, Vanadium, Surveillance,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Heavy metals, 'Trace
metals, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Monitor-
ing, 'Bioindicators.
PB81-103509 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Biological Monitoring of Toxic Trace Metals.
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals In Plants and Ani-
mals of the World. Part III,
Jenkins (Dale W.), Sarasota, FL.
Dale W. Jenkins. Sep 80,297p* EPA-600/3-80-092
Contract EPA-68-03-0443
See also Volume 2, Part 2, PB81 -103491.
The needs and priorities in using biological accumula-
tor organisms for monitoring toxic trace metals in
plants and animals are analyzed. The toxic trace
metals selected for study are antimony, arsenic, beryl-
lium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium. Data on
the toxicity to humans, abundance, production, use
and emissions of trace elements are presented and
sources and pathways to plants and animals listed.
Volume 2 brings together the majority of the significant
data on bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of the
14 trace metals discussed, which are considered to be
of most importance to man and his food organisms.
This volume provides a concise reference of baseline
data for delineating the background or 'normal' levels
of toxic trace metals as well as levels that occur under
various pollutant conditions.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Indicator species, Antimony,
Arsenic, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Nickel,
Selenium, Tin, Vanadium, Surveillance,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Heavy metals, 'Trace
metals, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Monitor-
ing, 'Bioindicators.
PB81-10371S PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ecological Studies of Fish Near a Coal-Fired Gen-
erating Station and Related Laboratory Studies.
Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
John L. Magnuson, Frank J. Rahel, Michael J. Talbot,
Anne M. Forbes, and Patricia A. Medvick. Jul 80,123p
EPA-600/3-80-078
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
Construction of a coal-fired electric generating station
on wetlands adjacent to the Wisconsin River has per-
954 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
manently altered about one-half of the original 1,104-
na site. Change in the remaining wetlands continues
as a result of waste heat and ashpit effluent produced
by the station. Leakage of warm water from the 203-ha
cooling lake is causing a shift in the wetlands from
shallow to deep-water marsh. Coal-combination by-
products enter the wetlands from the station's ashpit
drain. Since this area was known to have a diverse fish
community and to be a spawning ground for Wisconsin
River game fish, the authors studied the effects of this
habitat loss and degradation on fish populations.
Keywords: * Ecology, "Cooling water, 'Fishes, 'Ther-
mal pollution, 'Wisconsin River, Electric power plants,
Leakage, Marshes, Coal, Reproduction(Biology), Sur-
vival, Tolerances(Physiology), Wisconsin, Habitats.
PB81-103764 PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Assessment of the Critical Populations at Risk
Due to Radiation Exposure In Structures,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. School of Nuclear Engi-
neering.
Bernard Kahn, Geoffrey G. Eichholz, and Frank J.
Clarke. Jun 79,116p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4601
In preparation for a survey of radiation doses in U.S.
structures, information on survey criteria, techniques,
and results was reviewed and evaluated, some survey
procedures and calculation^ methods were devel-
oped and tested, and a protocol for a nationwide
survey was prepared. Measures to prevent or remedy
significantly elevated doses from building materials
were reviewed from the viewpoint of cost-effective-
ness, application of several measures was recom-
mended under specific conditions, and a selected
method was tested. In the U.S., building materials may
contain elevated levels of radionuclides if they contain
shale, granite, and pumice among naturally occurring
materials, and phosphate slag, pnosphogypsum, and
fly ash among industrial byproducts. Some additional
materials have been identified in other countries. The
highest gamma radiation exposure rates found in U.S.
structures due to building materials are attributed to
concrete that contains phosphate slag from the ther-
mal process for phosphorus production.
Keywords: 'Irradiation, 'Structures, 'Radiation
dosage, Risk, Assessments, Exposure, Surveys, Pro-
cedures, Cost effectiveness, Buildings.
PB81-103830 PC A23/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Atmospheric Emissions from Pe-
troleum Refining: Volume 4. Appendices C, D, and
E. Final rept. Mar 78-Jun 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
L. P. Provost, R. G. Wetherold, G. E. Harris, M. W.
Hooper, and W. R. Phillips. Apr 80, 529p EPA-600/2-
80-075D
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
See also Volume 1, PB80-225253.
The report gives results of a 3-year program to assess
the environmental impact of petroleum refining atmos-
pheric emissions. This volume contains Appendices C,
D, and E. Appendix C presents the quality assurance
program and a statistical analysis of the emissions
data. It describes quality control procedures for
screening, sampling, analyzing, species identification,
and data validation. It discusses the accuracy and pre-
cision of the various data types. Appendix D descnbes
the procedures used to develop a detailed environ-
mental assessment of refineries. Refinery emission
rate data were used to predict ambient pollutant levels
near a model refinery. The environmental effects and
the potential hazard to the public are discussed. Ap-
pendix E is a detailed review and evaluation of pollu-
tion control technology. The state-of-the-art of fugitive
and process emission controls in refineries is re-
viewed. Available controls are described. Control tech-
nologies used in related industries are examined for
potential applicability in the refining industry.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Petroleum industry, 'Refin-
eries, Assessments, Air pollution control, Technology,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Statistical
analysis, Hydrocarbon, Sampling, Leaking, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Design criteria, Quality con-
trol.
PB81-104168 CP T05
EXEC/OP FORTRAN Source Code. Software,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Lewis A. Rossman. Jun 80, mag tape* EPA/DF-80-
009
Source tape Is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared In most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products If you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB80-174220,
andPB81-104176.
EXEC/OP is a Fortran computer program that per-
forms preliminary design synthesis of municipal
wastewater treatment and sludge disposal systems. It
selects the components in the wastewater treatment
and sludge disposal trains from a list of candidate
process units with fixed design characteristics so that
criteria on effluent quality, cost, energy, land utilization,
and subjective undesirability are best satisfied. The
computational procedure uses implicit enumeration
coupled with a heuristic penalty method that accounts
for the impact of return sidestream from sludge proc-
essing. The program can consider eight different types
of wastewater treatment processes and thirteen differ-
ent types of sludge treatment processes. This comput-
er magnetic tape file contains the Fortran source code
for Version 1.2 of the EXEC/OP program.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge
disposal, Design criteria, Systems analysis, Land use,
Cost analysis, Optimization, Energy, Fortran 4 pro-
gramming language, PDD-11/70 computers.
PB81-104176 PC A08/MF A01
EXEC/OP Reference Manual, Version 1.2, Rept. for
Feb-Mar 80,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Lewis A. Rossman. Jun 80,166p EPA-600/2-80-182,
EPA/DF-80/009A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB81-104168. See
also PB80-174220.
The original version of EXEC/OP, a Fortran computer
program that synthesizes municipal wastewater treat-
ment system designs from a specified list of unit treat-
ment processes, has been updated. Revisions have
been made in several of the unit process performance
sub-models to produce results that conform more
closely to accepted design practices. This new refer-
ence manual describes the elements of the EXEC/OP
program, gives instructions on how to prepare input
data for the program, and illustrates its application to a
sample design problem. Also included is a listing of the
updated Fortran source code and definitions of the
program's variables. A computer tape of the Fortran
source code is available through NTIS.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Computer programs, MunicipaliUs, Fortran, Design
criteria, Manuals, Flow charting, Settling, Sedimenta-
tion, Dlgestion(Decomposition), Anaerobic processes,
Trickling filtration, Activated sludge process, Vacuum
filtration, Chlorination, Flotation, Gravity, Thickening,
Centrifuging, Unit processes.
PB81-104499 PC A06/MF A01
Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC.
A Study of Visibility In Carbon and Emery Coun-
ties, Utah. Data rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD. Air Resources Labs.
Paul A. Allee, and Rudolf F. Pueschel. Jul 80,113p
NOAA-DR-ERL-ARL-1, NOAA-80082606
Sponsored in part by Bureau of Land Management,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Visibilities were measured at Cedar Mountain, Utah
during 10 non-consecutive periods of 4 weeks each
between November 1976 and October 1978. Annual
means of 126 kilometers from the photographic
method and of 160 kilometers from telephotometry
with a phototopic filter were derived. Except for the un-
usually clear period from November 1976 to January
1977 the average visual range had remained unaltered
within one slgma standard deviation for seasonally
comparable periods. No effects of local or regional
power plants on visibility could be delineated. Visibili-
ties varied by as much as 3.5 times during individual
observation periods in response to changes in meso-
meteorology. In support of the visibility study, aerosols
were collected on filters for size, shape, and elemental
composition analyses. X-ray fluorescence, induced by
alpha-particles for bulk analysis, and by electrons for
single-particle analysis, was used to determine the ele-
mental composition of the aerosol. No statistically sig-
nificant correlation between visibility and aerosol ele-
mental composition could be established.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Air pollution, Cloud cover, Elec-
tric power plants, Aerosols, Lead(Metal), X ray fluores-
cence, Particles, Concentration(Compositlon), Carbon
County(Utah), Emery County(Utah).
PB81-104739 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pesticide Effects on Prenatal Cardiovascular
Physiology. I. An Electrocardlographlc Study of
Mlrex-Exposed Rat Fetuses and Newborns. II. An
Analysis of the Causes of Perinatal Deaths In-
duced by Prenatal Exposure to Mlrex,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Biology.
Casimer T. Grabowski. Sep 80,46p EPA-600/1-80-
032
Grant EPA-R-8053010
Sperm-positive rats were intubated with Mirex in oil (5
to 10 mg/kg) on days 8-1/2 to 15-1/2. Controls were
untreated or oil-fed. Testing was done on day 18-1/2.
Fetuses were sequentially exposed and ECG's ob-
tained with the fetus attached to the placenta and
uterus. Counterparts of standard leads, I, II and II were
used. Fetuses were weighed and examined after-
wards. Swollen fetuses were rated on a scale of 1
(slight edema under chin) and 5 (3 mm edema across
back). ECG's from 81 controls and 205 Mirex fetuses
were obtained. They were evaluated for rate of heart
beat, regularity of beat, PR intervals and other fea-
tures. One control exhibited an abnormality, a transito-
ry period of premature atrial contractions. Mirex-fed fe-
tuses exhibited tachycardia, closely correlated with
degree of edema. The heart rate increased from 150/
min in controls to 180 in slightly swollen to 224 in swol-
len fetuses. Mean PR intervals increased with degree
of swelling and with dose. The frequency of first
degree heart block was also dose-related, ranging
from 20% to 77%. Second degree heart blocks were
found in 8%, 3% showed arrhythmias, and one had
atrial flutter/fibrillation. These cardiovascular prob-
lems seem primarily related to Mirex-induced edema
and demonstrate that fetal edema is not innocuous.
These data demonstrate the usefulness of fetal elec-
trocardiography to detect functional teratology.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Cardiovascular
system, Pregnancy, Chlorine organic compounds,
Rats, Physiological effects, Electrocardiography, Bio-
assay, Ingestion(Biology), 'Toxic substances, Mirex,
Fetuses.
PB81-104747 PC A05/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
The Environmental Impact of Coal Transfer and
Terminal Operations. Final rept. Dec 78-Dec 79,
Hampton (Delon) and Associates, Silver Spring, MD.
L. Pelham, L. A. Abron-Robinson, M. Ramanathan,
and D. Zimmora. Oct 80,88p* EPA-600/7-80-169
This study was conducted to assess current environ-
mental impacts, and to define potential control tech-
nology that will minimize the pollution resulting from
coal transfer/terminal operations. Environmental im-
pacts from coal transfer/tormina! operations can be
lessened by employing proper control methods, which
should be incorporated into the early states of plan-
ning and design. Coal transfer is an expanding tech-
nology, and the construction, operation, and closure/
abandoment of new transfer facilities should be moni-
tored and reported. In addition, experiences related to
the transfer of western coals should be monitored and
reported, since a limited amount of experience has
been reported on the handling of these coals.
Keywords: 'Coal handling, 'Terminal facilities, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Pipeline transportation, Cargo
transportation, Slurries, Bulk cargo, Conveyors.
PB81-104788 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 955
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Carbon Reactivation by Externally-Fired Rotary
Kiln Furnace. Final rapt. Oct 75-Jan 78,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, CA.
Ching-lln Chen, and Leon S. Directo. Aug 80,45p EPA-
600/1-80-146
Contract EPA-14-12-150
An externally-fired rotary kiln furnace system has been
evaluated for cost-effectiveness In carbon reactivation
at the Pomona Advanced Wastewater Treatment Re-
search Facility. The pilot scale rotary kiln furnace was
operated within the range of 682 kg/day (1,500 Ib/day)
to 909 kg/day (2,000 Ib/day). The rotary kiln furnace
was found to be as effective as the multiple hearth fur-
nace in reactivating the exhausted granular activated
carbon. The operating and maintenance of the rotary
kiln system required less operator skill than the multi-
ple hearth furnace system. However, the corrosion
rate was higher In the rotary tube than in the multiple
hearth furnace. Cost estimates based on a typical re-
generation capacity of 182 kg/hr (400 Ib/hr) have
been made for both rotary kiln and multiple hearth fur-
nace systems. These indicate that the capital cost for
the multiple hearth furnace is about two times that of
the rotary kiln furnace. The operation and mainte-
nance costs for both furnace systems are similar. The
overall process costs for the multiple hearth and rotary
kiln furnace systems are estimated to be 33.2 cents/
kg (15.1 cents/lb) of carbon regenerated and 29.2
cents/kg (13.3 cents/lb) of carbon regenerated, re-
spectively.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Solid waste
disposal, Furnaces, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Water pollution
control, 'Physical chemical treatment, 'Waste recy-
cling.
PB81-104796 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Porous Pavement. Phase I. Design and Operation-
al Criteria. Final rept. 1 Feb-1 Aug 79,
Austin, TX.
EMdlo V. Diniz. Aug 80,100p* EPA-600/2-80-135
Grant EPA-R-806338
Prepared by Espey, Huston and Associates, Inc., Albu-
querque, NM.
Design and operational criteria, utilization concepts,
benefits and disadvantages, as well as other charac-
teristics of porous pavements are presented In this
report. Particular emphasis Is placed on porous as-
phalt pavements, but the criteria and design approach
are applicable to all other porous pavement types. The
design considerations presented in this report Include
siting problems, load bearing design, and hydrologic
design. A brief history of porous pavement develop-
ment and previous experience with porous pavement
by several designers, contractors, and operators are
described. A computer model for hydrologic perform-
ance evaluation of existing or proposed porous pave-
ment systems is also described in this report. Load
bearing design criteria are based on previous work
conducted for porous asphalt pavements. Appendices
to this report include a sample set of specifications for
porous asphalt construction and a list of soils and their
permeability classes as prepared by the U.S. Soil Con-
servation Service.
Keywords: 'Flexible pavements, 'Design criteria,
Structural design, Asphalts, Pavement bases, Porous
materials, Mathematical models.
PB81-106017 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Guidelines for Water Reuse. Final rept.,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
John F. Donovan, and John E. Bates. Aug 80,118p
EPA-600/8-80-036
Contract EPA-68-03-2686
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
Identified an immediate short-term objective of devel-
oping a wastewater-reuse guidelines document that
will significantly increase interest In and assist imple-
mentation of wastewater reuse for nonpotable pur-
poses. Irrigation and agriculture, industrial, recreation,
and nonpotable domestic use. The guidelines have
been developed to make water managers and re-
source planners aware of proven reuse possibilities
that may exist nearby.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Water reclamation,
Waste water reuse, Irrigation, Agriculture, Industries,
Recreation, Economic factors, Law(Jurisprudence),
Domestic water.
PB81-105371 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Generation to Simulate Specific Industrial
Fine Particle Effluents. Journal article, Jan 75-Apr
77,
Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA.
J. W. Carroz, F. K. Odencrantz, W. G. Finnegan, and D.
C. Drehmel. Feb 80,10p EPA-600/J-89-071
Also pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association
Jnl.41,p77-84Feb80.
The article describes techniques that were developed
to generate large quantities of fine particle metal oxide
aerosols, by burning flammable solutions containing
appropriate soluble compounds (nitrates) of the de-
sired elements. In the flame these compounds gener-
ally decomposed to oxides. The generated aerosol
flow rates were as a high as 42 cu m/min (1500 cfm);
mass concentrations were as high as 16.8 g/cu m at
STP. For most aerosols, particle concentrations were
of the order of 10 to the 9th powerpartVcu m. Electron
microscopic pictures (SEM and TEM) of precipitated
particles show that many of the larger particles (20 mi-
crometers) are hollow and that the smaller particles
(0.01 micrometer) are aggregated. Specific aerosols
were generated to simulate the fine particle effluents
generated by combustion of pulverized coal (electricity
generation), electric arc and basic oxygen furnaces
(iron and steel production), and zinc smelters. Meth-
ods were developed to vary the SO2 concentration
and the electrical resistivities of the simulants for coal
combustion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fines, 'Oxides, Aerosols,
Particles, Sampling, Comparison, Combustion prod-
ucts, Laboratory equipment, Metals, Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Coal, Reprints, 'Metal
oxides.
PB81-105397 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1979.
Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin. Water-data
rept (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 80,193p USGS/WRD/HD-80-053, USGS-WDR-
OH-79-2
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground-water wells. This report In three volumes
contains records for water discharge at 197 gaging
stations; stage and contents at 32 lakes and reser-
voirs; water quality at 54 gaging stations and 49 wells;
and water levels at 157 observation wells. Also Includ-
ed are data for 58 crest-stage partial-record stations;
26 low-flow partial-record stations, and 311 coal hy-
drology synoptic sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Ohio,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams. Reservoirs, Coal mining, Water table,
Temperature, Saint Lawrence River Basin, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water),
Water levels.
PB81-105769 PC A06/MF A01
Cost-Risk Analysis of Protective Actions for s
Low-Level Deposition of Radlonuclldes. Contract
rept. (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
S. Finn, V. Dura, and G. L. Simmons. May 80,99p
ORP/CR-80-1
Contract EPA-68-01-3549
Prepared by Science Applications, Inc., McLean, VA.
This report summarizes the results of a cost-effective-
ness analysis of protective actions following a low-
level deposition of radionuclides. The media contami-
nated were land, property, water supplies, persons,
and biota. The end products of the investigation of
such phase are dose and costs associated with dose
reduction techniques. The mechanisms by which ra-
dionuclides may be taken up by humans were mod-
elled, and control technologies (protective actions)
which result in a reduction in the dose were defined.
With the exception of Phase VI, the consequences
were expressed as the 100-year collective dose com-
mitment equivalent, in person-rem. In Phase VI, the
dose calculated was the dose equivalent, also expres-
sin in person-rem. The dose commitment is defined as
the sum of all doses to individuals over the entire time
period that radioactive material persists in the environ-
ment in a state available for interaction with humans.
There are two time periods involved, (1) the intake
period, during which radionuclides are taken up by
humans, in this study taken to be 100 years, and (2)
the time interval over which the dose rate is integrated,
which was seventy years. The collective dose commit-
ment Is obtained by integrating the individual dose
commitments over the affected population.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Economic analy-
sis, 'Radiation protection, Aerosols, Cost effective-
ness. Deposition, Protection, Risk, Error analysis,
Dosage, 'Health risks, Critical pathways, Environmen-
tal health.
PB81-10S793 PC A02/MF A01
Watersheds as the Basic Ecosystem: This Con-
ceptual Framework Provides a Basis for a Natural
Classification System. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Frederick B. Lotspeich. Aug 80, 9p EPA-600/J-80-069
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v16 n4 p581-586
Aug 80.
A scheme is outlined to classify watersheds as ecosys-
tems, based on their natural attributes. Two physical
factors of the environment, climate and geology, are
selected as state factors. Climate is the master factor
that supplies energy and water to all ecosystems; geo-
logic structure supplied the material from which the
forces of climate carve landforms to establish ecosys-
tems. At the next lower level, soil and vegetation Inter-
act in a succession of transactions to produce a
mosaic of tesseras within each watershed. It is these
interacting tesseras that moderate climate and store
energy within the ecosystem that influences the em-
bedded stream. Thus, there is a controlling force con-
sisting of two elements (Climate and geology), a react-
ing force (soil and vegetation) that responds by circular
conditioning to controlling forces, and at the lowest
level, the stream which responds to all factors of the
living system within Its watershed.
Keywords: 'Classifications, 'Watersheds, Ecology,
Climate, Geologic structures, Soils, Vegetation,
Streams, Landforms, Ecosystems.
PB81-105850 PC A20/MF A01
Northglenn Water Management Program, City of
Northglenn, Colorado. Appendix. Final environmen-
tal impact statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Weston W. Wilson, William Rothenmeyer, Al Udin, and
Paul Seeley. 27 Jun 80,454p EPA-908/5-79-002C
Prepared In cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Denver, CO. See also PB80-150246.
This is a final Environmetal Impact Statement (EIS) for
proposed construction of facilities to provide water
supply, wastewater treatment and agriculture reuse of
sewage effluent for the City of Northglenn, Colorado.
Under an exchange agreement with the Farmers Res-
ervoir and Irrigation Company, approximately 5,000
acre-feet annually will be diverted for Northglenn's mu-
nicipal use, treated, augmented from other sources,
stored, and then returned for Irrigation purposes. The
recommended action is to construct an 8 mile Inter-
ceptor, aerated lagoon and a storage reservoir. Imple-
mentation of the exchange program negates the pend-
ing water condemnation actions that are In progress.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-final, Waste water reuse, Ir-
rigation, Construction, Water storage,
Lagoons(Ponds), Odors, Runoff, Water conservation,
Recommendations, Colorado, 'Sewage Irrigation,
Northglenn(Colorado).
PB81-106892 PC A02/MF A01
Fste of Selected Fungicides In a Terrestrial Labo-
ratory Ecosystem. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
956 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jay D. Glle, and James W. Glllett. 1980,8p EPA-600/
J-79-115
Pub. In Agricultural and Food Chemistry, p1159-1164
Nov-Dec 79.
The disposition of (14)C-labeled pentachloronitroben-
zene (PCNB), two of Its analogues pentachlorophenol
(POP) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and captan was
examined as seed-protectant coatings In a terrestrial
microcosm chamber (TMC) In comparison to a refer-
ence compound, dleldrln (HEOD). The TMC contained
a synthetic soil medium, agricultural crops, numerous
Invertebrates, and a gravid gray-tailed vole (Mlcrotus
canlcaudus). Captan and PCP degraded more rapidly
In soil and plants than did PCNB, which was degraded
somewhat more quickly than HCB and HEOD, By 45
days post-planting, total soil residues (parent + meta-
bolites + bound residues) had declined from a nomi-
nal 3 ppm to about 1 ppm for all chemicals but captan
(0.26 ppm), while parent residues become undetecta-
ble for PCP and captan. Residues In Invertebrates and
the vole were low for all chemicals, but HCB and
HEOD showed ecological magnification Indices (EMs)
in the vole of 17.7 and 2.1 respectively, as compared
to 1.2 for PCNB. None of the chemicals adversely af-
fected vole survival, although the PCNB-exposed vole
had no surviving pups. Only HEOD greatly decreased
cricket survival.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, Ecology, Isotoplc labeling,
Soils, Plants(Botany), Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, 'Path of pollutants, Benzene/nitro-pentach-
loro, Phenol/pentachloro, Benzene/hexachloro,
Captan, PNCB fungicide, Cyclohexene dlcarboxlmlde/
N-trlchloromethyl.
PB81-105900 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
An Approach for Describing Electrical Character-
istics of Precipitated Dust Layers. Journal article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Jack R. McDonald, Ronald B. Mosley, and Leslie E.
Sparks. Apr 80,7p EPA-600/J-80-070
Contract EPA-68-02-2193
Pub. In Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v30
rut 0372.376 Apr 80.
The paper proposes an approach for describing the
electrical characteristics of electrostatically precipitat-
ed dust layers. It describes the macroscopic electrical
properties of the dust layer, by couplinag the current
transport equation and Poisson's Equation. It at-
tributes the electrical breakdown of the dust layer to
enhanced values of the local electric field due to the
combined effects of polarization in the dielectric layer
and the contribution to the electric field from the space
charge distribution in the layer. Models based on this
approach appear to offer the potential for describing
the observed electrical behavior. It also discusses the
experimental data which are needed for developing
this approach.
Keywords: 'Dust, Space charge, Polarization, Dielec-
tric breakdown, Electrostatic precipitation, Mathemati-
cal models, Pollution, Reprints, Air pollution control.
PB8M05934 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Capital and Operating Costa tor Industrial Boilers.
Final rept. Apr-Jun 79,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Larry L. Gibbs, John P. AbrahaM, N. David Noe, Duane
S. Forste, and Harry T. Kimball. Jun 79,271 p EPA-
450/5-80-007
Contract EPA-68-02-3074
The report provides estimates of capital and operating
costs for Industrial boilers. Costs are related to the
type of fuel fired, firing design and rated capacity. Both
package and field-erected boilers are evaluated. Fuels
considered include coal, residual oil, distillate oil and
natural gas. Firing designs for coal include underfeed-
stoker, spreader-stoker and pulverized. Rated capac-
ities range from 15(10 to the 6th)Btu/hr for oil and gas
to 700(10 to the 6th)Btu/hr for coal. Costs are devel-
oped on a study estimate basis. Individual boiler cost
estimates were plotted and cost equations developed
for total equipment, installation (direct and indirect)
and operating costs (variable and fixed).
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Cost analysis, 'Air pollution, Cost
estimates. Labor estimates, Materials estimates, Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Design criteria, Indus-
trial plants, Tables(Data), Expenses, Fixed Invest-
ments.
PB81-106942 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coat-
Ing Industry - Background Information for Pro-
posed Standards. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Don R. Goodwin. Aug 80,327p EPA-450/3-80-003A
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from pressure sensitive tape and label surface coating
operations are being proposed under the authority of
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards
would apply to release, precoat, and adhesive coating
lines which emit more than 15 megagrams (16.5 tons)
of volatile organic compounds per year and for which
construction or modification began on or after the date
of proposal of the regulations. This document contains
background Information and environmental and eco-
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered In developing proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Labels, 'Standards, 'Organic
compounds, Industrial wastes, Regulations, Adhe-
slves, Economic Impact, Substitutes, Assessments, Air
pollution control, Reviews, Water pollution, Environ-
mental impacts, 'Air pollution abatement, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Stationary sources, Solid wastes.
PB81-1059SO PC A13/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Effect of Agricultural Land Development on Drain-
age Waters In the North Carolina Tidewater
Region,
North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst., Ra-
leigh.
R. W. Skaggs, J. W. Gilllam, T. J. Sheets, and J. S.
Barnes. 1980,299p 159, W81-00037,, OWRT-B-102-
NC(1)
Contract DI-14-34-0001-7174, Grant EPA-R-804778
Also pub. as Rept. no. EPA-600/3-80-087.
A three year study was conducted to determine the ef-
fects of agricultural drainage and development on hy-
drology and runoff water quality on high organic soils In
the North Carolina Tidewater Region. Experiments
were conducted on paired developed and undevel-
oped sites of three different soils that span the range
of soils being developed in the Tidewater Region.
Each of the six sites (three developed, three undevel-
oped) were instrumented to continuously measure the
rate of runoff, to sample for water quality and pesticide
analyses, and to determine other variables such as
rainfall and water table depth. Peak runoff rates occur
earlier and are three to four timer higher on developed
than on slmlllar undeveloped lands. One potential
water quality problem is the movement of fecal orga-
nisms from grazed pastures into drainage water.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, 'Waterpollution, Soil
properties, Pesticides, Rainfall, Water table, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Drainage, Conform bacteria, Livestock,
Flow rate, Biochemical oxygen demand, Conductivity,
Tables(Data). North Carolina, 'Agricultural water-
sheds, Tidewater Reglon(North Carolina), Pesticide
residues.
PB81-10S987 PC A08/MF A01
Glass Manufacturing Plants - Background Infor-
mation for Promulgated Standards of Perform-
ance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
SepSO, 175p EPA-450/3-79-005B
See also report dated Jun 79, PB-298 528.
lated
ol par-
Standards of performance are being promulg
under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act to control
ticulate matter emissions from new, Modified, and re-
constructed glass manufacturing plants. This docu-
ment contains a detailed summary of the public com-
ments on the proposed standards (44 FR 34840), re-
sponses to these comments and a summary of the
changes to the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Glass Industry, 'Standards, 'Air pollution,
Particles, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, Environmental Impacts, Economic
impact, Revisions, Substitutes, 'Environmental Impact
statements-final, Energy use.
PB81-105991 PC A08/MF A01
APT) (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 444.
Air Pollution Flsld Enforcement. Student Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
C. W. Gruber, and P. M. Glblln. Mar 80,175p EPA-450/
2-80-075
Contract EPA-68-02-3014
The report Is a student manual to be used In the air pol-
lution training course 444 entitled 'Air Pollution Field
Enforcement* It Is essentially a textbook for the 3 1/2
day course for governmental air pollution control
agency personnel responsible for enforcement of air
pollution regulations. Topics covered Include the role
of the field enforcement officer; the enforcement proc-
ess; surveillance techniques; handling Odor com-
plaints; Inspection techniques; emission control equip-
ment; legal procedures; and enforcement programs.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, *Alr pollution, Spe-
cialized training, Air pollution control equipment, Manu-
als, Students, Education.
PB81-106015 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Continuous Zinc Exposure on Sockeye
Salmon During Adult-to-8molt Freshwatsr Resi-
dency. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Gary A. Chapman. 1978,11pEPA-600/J-78-171
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, V107 n6, p828-8361978.
This chronic zinc toxicity with sockeye salmon (Oncor-
hynchus nerka) consisted of a 3-mo adult exposure fol-
lowed by an 18-mo exposure of embryonic through
smolt stages. The zinc concentrations utilized were 30
to 112 microgram/llter during the adult-to-smolt expo-
sure period, and an additional 242 mlcrogram/llter
concentration was used for the embryo-to-smolt expo-
sure period. These zinc concentrations produced no
adverse effects on survival, fertility, fecundity, growth,
or on the subsequent survival of smolts transferred to
seawater.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Toxicity, 'Salmon, 'Water pollution,
Concentratlon(Compo8Jtion), Exposure, Survival, Fer-
tility, Growth, Fecundity, Mortality, " - - • -
'Oncorhynchus
effects(Animals).
nerka,
Sea water, Reprints,
Water pollution
PB81-106023 PC A02/MF AQ1
A Bloassay for the Toxicity of Sediment to Marine
Macrobenthos. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
R. C. Swartz, W. A. DeBen, and F. A. Cole. May 79,
10p EPA-600/J-79-111
Pub. In Jnl. of Water Pollution Control, v51 n5 p944-
949 May 79.
The final Revision of Ocean Dumping Regulations and
Criteria published by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) requires, under certain conditions,
bloasseys of the liquid, suspended paniculate, and
solid phases of dredged sediments proposed for dis-
posal In the marine environment. The objective was to
develop a test for the acute toxicity of the settleable
components. The bioassay was designed not to be
sensitive to burial or changes In sediment particle size
distribution.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicity, 'Benthos, Water pol-
lution, Sediments, Yaqulna Bay, Coos Bay, Puget
Sound, Sklpanon River, Duwamlsh River, Atlantic
Ocean, Mexico Gulf, Raritan River, Reprints, Ocean
waste disposal, Water pollution erfects(Animals).
PB81-106031 PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Drilling-Mud Blocldes to Developing
Estuarlne Macrobenthlc Communities. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, and J. L. Oglesby. 25 Apr 80,
10p EPA-600/J-79-100, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-
391
December 1983 957
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science v3 n2 p88-9S Dec
1979. Prepared in cooperation with University of West
Floifda, Pensacola. Faculty of Mathematics and Statis-
tics.
The effects of various biocides, as used in drilling
muds for exploratory drilling for oil offshore, were de-
termined by comparing macrobenthic communities
that developed from planktonic larvae in treated and
untreated aquaria. Surflo(R)-B33 and Aldacide(R)
were tested simultaneously. Harvest at seven weeks
yielded 1,941 animals, representing 37 species of 6
phyla. The effects of Surflo-B33 (25% dichlorophenol
and other chlorophenols) on these communities were
similar to those of pentachlorophenol, a biocide known
to be toxic to many aquatic organisms.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Drilling fluids, 'Marine biology,
•Biocides, Water pollution, Offshore drilling, Crude oil,
Benthos, Algae, Larvae, Marine microorganisms,
Aquatic animals, Molluscs, Annelida, Phenols, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Degradation, Aldehyde poly-
mers, Estuaries, Reprints, Phenol/dichloro, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB81-106049
PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Wastewater Phosphorus Removal
on Shagawa Lake, Minnesota: Phosphorus Sup-
plies, Lake Phosphorus and Chlorophyll A. Journal
article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
David P. Larsen, John Van Sickle, Kenneth W. Malueg,
and Paul D. Smith. 23 May 79,16p EPA-600/J-79-112
Pub. in Water Research, v13 p1259-1272 May 79.
In early 1973, the phosphorus supply to Shagawa
Lake, Minnesota, was reduced by about 80% when a
tertiary wastewater treatment plant began operating.
Significant reductions In total and soluble reactive
phosphorus concentrations have occurred In the lake
since that time. By 1976 the average (volume weighted
over the lake) total and soluble reactive phosphorus
concentrations had declined from about 51 and 21 mi-
crograms/l to about 30 and 4.5 micrograms/l, respec-
tively, corresponding to 40 and 80 reductions. During
1975 and 1976, chlorophyll a (averaged over the top 5
m) had decreased to less than 50% of the pretreat-
ment level during May-June but during July and August
little change haa occurred.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, "Water pollution, 'Shagawa
Lake, Concentration(Composition), Sewage treatment,
Mathematical models, Sediments, Recovery, Minne-
sota, Reprints.
PB81-106056 PC A02/MF A01
The Influence of Light and Temperature on Iso-
prene Emission Rates from Live Oak. Journal arti-
cle,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
David T. Tingey, Marybeth Manning, Louis C.
Grothaus, and Walter F. Burns. 5 Jun 79,9p EPA-600/
J-79-108
Pub. in Physiologia Plantarum 47, p112-1181979.
There is a growing awareness of the role of vegetation
as a source of reactive hydrocarbons that may serve
as photochemical oxidant precursors. A study was de-
signed to assess independently the influence of vari-
able light and temperature on isoprene emissions from
live oak (Quercus virginiana). Plants were conditioned
in a growth chamber and then transferred to an envi-
ronmentally controlled gas-exchange chamber. Sam-
ples of the chamber atmosphere were collected; iso-
prene was concentrated cryogenically and measured
by gas chromatography. A logistic functions was used
to model isoprene emission rates.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Isoprene, *Oak trees, 'Air
pollution, Photochemical reactions, Light(Visible radi-
ation), Temperature, Gas chromatography, Ozone, Ox-
idizers. Reprints, "Quercus virginiana, Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB81-106084 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Divalent Metal Chlorides on Respiration
and Extractable Enzymatic Activities of Douglas-
Fir Needle Litter. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst,, Bethesda, MD.
Brian P. Spalding. 1979,8p EPA-600/J-79-109
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v8 n1 p105-109
1979.
The rates of COS evolution from Douglas-fir (Pseudot-
suga menzlesli Franco) needle litter, following applica-
tion of divalent metal (Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu)
chlorides at rates of 10, 100, and 1,000 microgram/g
and Ca chloride at 7, 68, and 683 microgram/g were
monitored at 2- to 3-day intervals for 4 weeks; extract-
able enzymatic activities, were also measured on addi-
tional samples 1 day, 2, and 4 weeks following treat-
ment. All metals except Pb inhibited respiration when
applied at the highest level. Cellulase activity was de-
pressed by treatment of 1,000 microgram/g of either
Hg or Cd after 4 weeks but was not affectedinitially (1
day after). After 4 weeks, xylanese activity was also
depressed by the 1,000-microgram/g Hg treatment.
Apparently these enzymatic activities declined due to
decrease enzyme synthesis associated with inhibited
microbial growth rather than by direct enzymatic inhibi-
tion.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Metals, 'Fir trees, 'Pol-
lution, Mercury(Metal), Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Nickel,
Zinc, Copper, Chlorides, Respiration, Enzymes, Re-
prints, Pseudotsuga menzlesli, Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB81-106130 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Qreen Bay Phytoplankton Composition, Abun-
dance, and Distribution. Final rept,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Eugene F. Stoermer, and R. J. Stevenson. Mar 79,
113pEPA-905/3-79-002
Grant EPA-R-005340-01
This project was Initiated to evaluate the water quality
of northern Green Bay. Green Bay phytoplankton as-
semblages were characterized by high abundances
and domination by taxa indicative of nutrient rich con-
ditions. The most significant components of the com-
munities were diatoms and cryptomonads In May and
blue-green algae In August and October.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Green
Bay, Monitoring, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Diatoms, Sili-
con dioxide, Lake Michigan, Abundance,
DistributJon(Property), Bioindicators.
PB81-106213 PC E99
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Technical Support of Standards for Hlgh-Level
Radioactive Waste Management
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1979,1364p-ln4v
Set includes PB81-106221, PB81-106239, PB81-
108247, and PB81 -108254.
No abstract available.
PB8M06221 PC A15/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Technical Support of Standards for Hlgh-Level
Radioactive Waste Management. Volume A.
Source Term Characterization. Task A rept. Mar-
Aug 77.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1979,330p EPA-520/4-79-007A
Contract EPA-68-01-4470
See also Volume B, PB81-106239.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
106213.
This report is the result of work performed under the
first part (Task A) of a four-part contract to gather tech-
nical information to evaluate environmental accept-
ability of various high-level waste disposal options, me
other tasks are: B-Effecttveness of Engineering Con-
trols; C-Assessment of Migrations Pathways; D-As-
sessment of Accidental Pathways. The scope of Task
A includes: characterization of commercial high-level
waste, including comparisons of source terms from
various fuel cycles and fuel mixes; characterization of
government high-level waste, and comparison with
commercial waste; estimation of existing and project-
ed quantities of high-level waste.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Standards, Radioactive wastes, Compari-
son, Technology, Sources, Transport properties, As-
sessments, 'Radioactive waste disposal.
PB81-106239 PC A12/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Technical Support of Standards for Hlgh-Level
Radioactive waste Management. Volume B. Engi-
neering Controls. Task B rept. Mar-Aug 77.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1979,272p EPA-520/4-79-007B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4470
See also Volume A, PB81-106221, and Volume C,
PB81-106247.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
106213.
This report is the result of work performed under the
second part (Task B) of a four-part contract to gather
technical information to evaluate enviornmental ac-
ceptablity of various options for disposing high-level
wastes. The other tasks are: A-Source Term Charac-
terization; C-Assessment of Migration Pathways; D-As-
sessment of Accidental Pathways. The scope of work
for Task B was divided Into 2 major steps: analysis of
technology for engineering control of high-level
wastes, and projections of costs for various alternative
disposal technologies. Primary emphasis has been
placed in non-reprocessed spent fuel. Brief consider-
ation has been given to lower-level transuranic con-
taminated wastes which arise primarily from ptutonium
fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants. The objective
of this limited review is to provide some insight into the
state of the art for applying engineering controls to
such wastes, Including, where necessary, direct burial
with high-level wastes in a geologic disposal facility.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Standards, Radioactive wastes, Compari-
son, Cost analysis, Technology, Substitutes, Plutoni-
um, 'Radioactive waste disposal, State of the art.
PB81-106247 PC A10/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Technical Support of Standards for Hlgh-Level
Radioactive Waste Management. Volume C. Mi-
gration Pathways. Task C rept. Mar-Aug 77.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1979,213p EPA-520/4-79-007C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4470
See also Volume B, PB81 -106239, and Volume D,
PB81-106254.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
106213.
This report is the result of work performed under the
third part (Task C) of a four-part contract to gather
technical information to evaluate environmental ac-
ceptability of various options for disposal of high-level
wastes. The other risks are: A-Source Term Character-
ization; B-Effectiveness of Engineering Controls; and
D-Assessment of Accidental Pathways. Task C report
has three principal objectives; to assess geologic site
selection factors; to review available Information and
quantify the potential for the migration of nuclldes
through the geosphere to the biosphere, and to con-
sider dose-to-man implications of a repository for high-
level waste containing large quantities of radionuclides
in high concentrations that might become dispersed
into the biosphere over geologic times. Task C at-
tempts to summarize the influences on nuclide migra-
tion potential and thereby identify critical inadequacies
in the data and analytical method.
Keywords: 'Management planning, "Environmental
surveys, 'Standards, Radioactive wastes. Sites,
Transport properties, Concentration(Compo8itk>n),
'Radioactive waste disposal, Path of pollutants.
PB81-106254 PC A23/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Technical Support of Standards for Hlgh-Level
Radioactive waste Management Volume D. Re-
lease Mechanisms. Task D rept. Mar-Aug 77.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Mar 80, 549p EPA-520/4-79-007D
Contract EPA-68-01 -4470
See also Volume C, PB81 -106247.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
106213.
This volume is the result of work performed under the
fourth part (Task D) of a four-part contract to gather
technical information to evaluate environmental ac-
ceptability of various options for disposal of high-level
wastes. The other tasks under the contract are: A-
Source Term Characterization, B-Effectiveness of En-
958 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gineering Controls; and C-Migration Pathways. Task D
analyzes the potential for the release of radionudides
from a deep-mined repository (generic in nature) for ra-
dioactive wastes. Repositories in five different geolog-
ic media were considered-bedded salt, dome salt,
granite, basalt and shale. Various containment failure
mechanisms are considered and compared to deter-
mine their relative importance. Ten failure mechanisms
were selected for detailed modeling. The results of
Task D can be combined with radlonuclide transport
and dose calculations to assess the potential effects
of a repository on human health.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Standards, Salt deposits, Radioactive
wastes, Transport properties, Public health, Dosage,
Technology, 'Radioactive waste disposal.
PB81-106288 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Western Energy: Tha Interregional Coal Analysis
Model. Technical bulletin,
economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service,
Washington, DC. Natural Resource Economics Div.
John W. Green. Aug 80,264p* TB-1627, EPA-600/7-
79-139
This report describes a method for anticipating some
of the impacts of coal development under different
policy options. The Interregional Coal Analysis Model
(ICAM) for the Western States, projects the likely shins
in the patterns of coal production, transportation, and
utilization which might result from alternative policy
strategies. It describes the structure of and the data In
two models. The 1975 model describes the coal
mining-large electrical generation plant Interactions
which existed in 1975. It develops a base solution
against which alternative scenario solutions are com-
pared. The 1985 model portrays a reasonable refer-
ence case for 1985. It also develops a base solution
for use In comparing scenario analyses.
Keywords: 'Coal, Coal mining, Electric power plants,
Electric power generation, Policies, Production, Trans-
portation, Utilization, Scenarios, Forecasting, 'West-
em coal, 'Energy models, 'Energy source develop-
ment, Western Region(United States), Energy
demand, Coal fired power plants, Energy policy, Inter-
regional coal analysis model.
PB81-106387 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arm Arbor, Ml.
Great Lakes National Program Office.
Phytoplankton Assemblages of the Nearshore
Zone ol Southern Lake Michigan. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Eugene F. Stoermer, and Marc L. Tuchman. Mar 79,
99pEPA-903/3-79-001
Grant EPA-R-005337-01
Phytoplankton samples from nearshore stations along
the Indiana coast of Lake Michigan were analyzed to
determine the composition and seasonal abundance
of phytoplankton populations. Occurrence patterns of
major populations and population groups were In-
spected. As might be expected in a local inshore
region where physical mixing and advection processes
are relatively intense, phytoplankton distribution is
highly variable. The largest general effect noted is a
continuing increase in groups other than diatoms, ap-
parently as a result of silica depletion. The singular ex-
ception to this trend is the abundant occurrence of Cy-
dotella comensls, a diatom which has only recently
become abundant in Lake Michigan and can apparent-
ly tolerate very low silica levels. Specific to the region
is an atypically high abundance of members of the
diatom genus Nitzschia during some sampling periods.
Keywords: * Phytoplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Michigan, Monitoring, Abundance,
Distrtbutlon(Property), Silicon dioxide, Diatoms, Nitro-
gen, Ammonia, Populations, Tolerances(Physiology),
Cyclotella comensis.
PB81-106586 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Solid Sorbentt for Water Sampling.
Final rept. Sep78-Sep 81.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. C. Harris, M. J. Cohen, 2. A. Grosser, and M. J.
Hayes. Oct 80,91 p ADL-C-82480-42, EPA-600/2-80-
193..IERL-RTP-1100
Contracts EPA-68-02-2150, EPA-68-02-3111
The report describes a systematic evaluation of the
applicability of macroretlcular resins for general and
compound-specific sampling of organlcs. The first por-
tion is an extensive review of current pertinent litera-
ture concerned with the use of macroretteular resins
for sampling and analysis of organic compounds in an
aqueous matrix. The main body of the report describes
and presents results of a laboratory investigation of se-
lected solid adsorbents that appeared promising for
sampling, based on the literature review. Results of
screening a variety ol sorbent-solute pairs indicate that
a combination of two dissimilar resins is the most
promising approach to a general purpose sorbent
sampling system. In particular, a combination of XAD-2
and XE-347 resins offers the possibility of collection
and recovery of both non-polar and polar organic spe-
cies. This XAD-2/XE-347 system was, for the most
part, found to be comparable with solvent extraction in
regards to recovery; polar species such as phenols
and pyrrole were recovered in higher yield from the
cartridge.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Sorbents, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Trace elements, Comparison, 'Water pollution
detection, XAD-2 resins, XE-347 resins.
PB81-106593 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Minimizing the Pollution Impact of Kraft Pulping
Through Oxygen Bleaching. Final rept. 19 Jun 72-
18NOV75,
Chesapeake Corp. of Virginia, West Point.
A. W. Plummer, and W. D. South. Oct 80,271 p EPA-
600/2-80-189
Grant EPA-S-800740
In December, 1972, The Chesapeake Corporation
started up a unique three-stage oxygen bleaching
system (D/COD) to produce 272 metric air dry tonsper
day of 88+ brightness hardwood market pulp. This
system cost less than conventional chlorination and
offered potential for reducing bleach effluents. Exces-
sive fiber losses from, and stress corrosion of the twin
roll press were the most serious operating problems
experienced on start-up. These problems were satis-
factorily solved. Total effluent BODs and color levels
indicated no decrease in BODs and a 36 percent de-
crease in color over conventional chlorination se-
quences. With oxygen-stage effluent recycle and com-
plete recovery of a 40 percent reduction in BODs and a
65 percent reduction In color could be realized. Prior to
and following the bleach plant start-up certain In-proc-
ess changes were made, and systems using nigh-
purity oxygen for wastewater tree'-tent and weak BIO
were piloted and installed. Also an on-site cryogenic
air separation plant was Installed to provide low-cost
oxygen to these systems. The oxygen plant, waste
treatment plant, and BLO systems have operated with-
out major process problems since 1974.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Surfate pulping,
'Bleaching, Oxygen, Industrial waste treatment,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Waste recycling.
PB81-106742 PC A99/MF A01
User's Manual for the Dynamic (Delaware) Estuary
Model. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Robert B. Ambrose, Jr., Stephen E. Roesch, and Leo
J.Clark. Jan 80,708p
This report discusses the baste principles and theories
underlying the Dynamic Delaware Estuary Model. A
description of the water quality Interactions modeled In
the Delaware are also presented. Being a User's
Manual, this report also contains listings ofthe hydrau-
lic and water quality models, a detailed description of
each program and Its logical structure, variable defini-
tions, data deck sequences, and sample Input/output.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Estuaries, 'Delaware River Estu-
ary, Mathematical models, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Hydraulic conductivity, Regression analysis, Hydraulic
models, Computer programs, Flow charting, Subrou-
tines, Manuals, REGAN computer program,
computer program, DYNDELA model.
DYNHYD
PB81-106833 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Element Flow In Aquatic Systems Surrounding
Coal-Fired Power Plants. Wisconsin Power Plant
Impact Study,
Wisconsin Untv.-Madlson. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Anders Andren, Marc Anderson, Nicholas Loux, and
Robert Talbot. Jul 80,96p EPA-600/3-80-076
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
Water quality parameters of a 192-ha (480-acre) cool-
Ing pond adjacent to the Columbia Generating Station,
Portage, Wisconsin, have been investigated. Analyses
were made for major and minor elements, nutrients,
pH, alkalinity, 02, cnlorogranics, phenols, and polyaro-
matic hydrocarbons. Similar parameters were also
measured in the nearby fly ash discharge basin and its
associated drainage stream. Laboratory dissolution
and precipitation studies of fly ash were performed in
an effort to understand the chemistry of the dis-
charged ash water and its potential effects on receiv-
ing waters. Mass balance calculations were made and
are presented to ascertain whether the cooling pond
acts as an efficient sink for inorganic and organic com-
pounds, and If so, what the fate of these compounds
Keywords: 'Cooling water, 'Ponds, 'Water pollution.
Electric power plants, Fly ash, Coal, Chemical analy-
sis, Nutrients, pH, Alkalinity, Oxygen, Phenols, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Land use, Wisconsin.
PB81-106841 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Projection of 1985 Market Potential for FGD (Flue
Qas Desulfurization) Byproduct Sulfur and Sulfu-
ric Acid In the U.S. Final rept. Jan 79-Apr 80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
W. E. O'Brien, W. L. Anders, and J. D. Veitch. Jul 80,
67pTVA-EDT-115,EPA-600/7-80-131
The report projects the 1985 market potential for flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) byproduct sulfur and sulfuric
add in the U.S. The projection is 165,000 tons of sulfur
from 11 power plants and 554,000 tons of acid from 6
power plants, with a combined benefit to the affected
Industries of $20 million. FGO technology improve-
ments and cost Increases, particularly for fuel oil, en-
hanced the FGD sulfur market potential and de-
creased the FGO suKuric acid potential, relative to pre-
vious projections. The 1979 revised New Source Per-
formance Standards (NSPS), and the requirement (in
many cases) for FGD waste treatment, improved the
potential for both products. The revised NSPS, which
preclude low-sulfur coal as an option, greatly Increase
the FGD market potential for plants coming on line
after the mid-1980s. Fuel-oil cost escalation Is impor-
tant In reducing FGD sulfuric acid market potential, as
are process modifications for chloride control. Lime-
stone scrubbing with waste sludge ponding remains
the economically predominant option. The limestone
scrubbing advantage is decreased, however, when ex-
tensive waste treatment and landfill are required.
Keywords: 'Market surveys, 'Electric power plants,
'Sulfuric add, 'Sulfur, Economic forecasting, Market-
Ing, Supply(Economlcs), Demand(Economics), By-
products, Production, Flue gases, Air pollution control,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Solid
wastes, 'Flue gas desulfurization.
PB8M06866 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
InacUvatlon of Naturally Occurring Enterovlrusss.
Final rept. Oct 76-May 79,
Miami Univ., FL. Dept. of I
pt of Microbiology.
Annie R. Beasley, Wolf Llchter, and Larry L. Wellham.
Sep 80,29p EPA-600/2-80-185
Grant EPA-R-804780
December 1983 959
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The goal of this project was to compare the kinetics of
chlorine Inactivation of a naturally-shed virus and Its
tissue culture grown counterpart. Since motivation
studies require purified preparation possessing high in-
fectlvity titer and low chlorine demand a major part of
this project was devoted to elucidate the best scheme
of obtaining material with the necessary criteria. The
scheme found most satisfactory was a combination of
Freon 113 extraction, zonal sucrose gradient contrlfu-
gatlon (T1-15 rotor, 25,000 rpm for 3 hours) and pelle-
flzatlon (SW 27 rotor, 27,000 rpm tor 3 hours). Using
this scheme purified virus preparations derived from
naturally shea or tissue culture source were tested for
their susceptibility to chlorine Inactivation. Preliminary
results show that for their susceptibility to chlorine In-
activation. Preliminary results snow that the rate of
chlorine Inactivation differs with virus derived from
fecal material (naturally shed) and that derived from
tissue culture. The rate of Inactivation Indicates that
the tissue culture derived virus Is more susceptible to
chlorine Inactivation as compared to naturally shed
virus.
Keywords: 'Enterovlruses, 'Water treatment, 'Disin-
fection, Chlorlnatlon, Viruses, Faces, Pollovlruses, Pu-
rification, Tissue cultures, Microorganisms, Public
health, 'Water pollution control.
PB81-106890 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Acid Precipitation. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Norman R. Glass, Gary E. Glass, and Peter J. Rennle.
1979, 9p EPA-800/J-79-113
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, v13
n11 pi 350-1355 Nov 79.
Recent reviews of available data Indicate that precipi-
tation In a large region of North America Is highly acidic
when ,>s pH is compared with the expected pH value of
6.65 for pure rain water in equilibrium with C02. A
growing body of evidence suggests that acid rain Is re-
sponsible for substantial adverse effects on the public
welfare. Such effects, which are discussed In this
report. Include the acidification of lakes and rivers, with
resultant damage to fish and other components of
aquatic ecosystems; acidification and demlneralization
of soils; possible reductions in crop and forest produc-
tivity, and deterioration of manmade materials.
Keywords: 'Preclpitation(Meteorology), 'Environmen-
tal surveys, pH, Water pollution, Air pollution, Soils,
Farm crops, Forests, Sulfates, Ecology, Lakes, Rivers,
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Reprints, 'Acid rain.
PB81-107021
PC A03/MF A01
An Evaluation of the Fuel Economy Performance
of Thirty-One 1977 Production Vehicles Relative
to Their Certification Vehicle Counterpart*. Tech-
nical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
F. Peter Hutchins, and James Kranig. Jan 78,48p
EPA-AA-TAEB-77-18
The EPA conducted a number of studies to Identify the
magnitude and causes of reported differences be-
tween the fuel economies of In-use production vehi-
cles and certification vehicles as reported in the Mile-
age Guide. The purpose of the study reported herein
was to Investigate through a modest test program the
magnitude of the differences (If any) In fuel economy
between production and certification vehicles when
both types of vehicles are tested at equivalent mileage
(4000 miles) and state of time on the dynamometer
using the Standard Federal Test Procedure. The pro-
gram was experimentally directed toward the highest
fuel economy vehicles represented in the Mileage
Guide and was not designed to be representative of
the wide range of model offerings (ana fuel economy)
In the Guide
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Exhaust
emissions, Dynamometers, Performance tests.
PB81-107070 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Lake Erie Nutrient Control Program - An Assess-
ment of Its Effectiveness In Controlling Lake Eu-
trophlcatlon. Final rept. 1973-76,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Charles Herdendorf. Jul 80,382p EPA-600/3-80-062
Grant EPA-R-802543
A three-year assessment of nutrient control efforts
was conducted in the western and central basins of
Lake Erie during the period June 1973 to June 1976.
The objective of the study was to determine recent
trends in lake eutrophication and water quality which
may be related to recent attempts to control nutrient
loadings to these basins. The assessment was accom-
plished by visiting approximately 50 stations at nearly
monthly intervals during the Ice-free periods. Over 25
water quality, meteorological and biological param-
eters were routinely determined shipboard or on sam-
ples collected at a typical station. Measurements were
taken at several depths In order to characterize the
various strata of water In the lake and to permit
volume-weighted calculation of nutrient concentra-
tions and quantities. Data from previous limnologlcal
surveys as far back as 1928 were compared with the
results of the present study to establish longterm
trends, as well as recent trends since the last compre-
hensive survey In 1970.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution control, 'Lake
Erie, Tables(Data), Surveys, Assessments, Limnology,
Periodic variations, Benthos,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Temperature, Bacteria,
Viruses, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Comparison, 'Eutropnlcatlon, Organic loading.
PB81-107088 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastewater Contaminate Removal for Qround-
water Recharge at Water Factory 21. Final rept. Jul
77-Dec 78,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Perry L. McCarty, Martin Reinhard, James Graydon,
Joan Schrelner, and Kenneth Sutherland. Aug 80,
165pEPA-600/2-80-114
Grant EPA-S-803873
Prepared In cooperation with Orange County Water
District, Fountain Valley, CA. See also report dated Jun
78,PB-285053.
This is the second report in a series which describes
the performance of Water Factory 21, a 0.66 cu m/s
advanced wastewater treatment plant designed to re-
claim secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater
treatment plant so that it can be used for injection and
recharge of a groundwater system. Included in this
evaluation of the second one and one-halt years of op-
eration are data on the efficiency and reliability of Indi-
vidual processes and the overall system for removal of
general inorganics, heavy metals, virus, and a broad
range of organic materials. Probability distributions of
the various contaminants in the influent and effluent
from the system are included along with a general sta-
tistical analysis of data.
Keywords: 'Ground water recharge, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Water reclamation, Performance evaluation,
Metals, Viruses, Organic compounds, Probability distri-
bution functions, Injection wells, Activated carbon
process, Filtration, Chlorlnatlon, Osmosis, Chloroform,
Methane, Chlorine organic compounds, Strippers,
'Tertiary treatment, Reverse osmosis.
PB81-107096 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Significance of Size Reduction In Solid Waste
Management. Volume 2. Final rept. 25 Jul 78-79,
California Univ., Berkeley.
George M. Savage, and George J. Trezek. Aug 80,
182pHPA-600/2-80-115
Grant EPA-R-805414
See also report dated Jul 77, Volume 1, PB-272 096.
This report presents results of shredder tests using
raw municipal solid waste, air-classified light fraction,
and screened light fraction. The tests simulated single-
end multiple-stage size reduction, using a 10-ton per
hour swing hammermlll and a small, high-speed fixed
hammer shredder. The tests are generalized so that
the characteristic partlJe size and energy consump-
tion can be predicted. Various hardfacing materials
and their ability to perform with different solid waste
materials were also tested.
Keywords: 'Refuse, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Shred-
ders, 'Comminution, 'Municipalities, Particle size,
Design, Performance evaluation, Moisture content,
Electric power consumption, Optimization, Flow rate,
Mathematical models, Computerized simulation, Labo-
ratory tests, Grinding machinefTools).
PB81-107104 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oxidation of Water Supply Refractory Specie* by
Ozone with Ultraviolet Radiation. Final rept. Sep
76-Feb 80,
North Texas State Univ., Denton. Inst. of Applied Sci-
ences.
William H. Glaze, Gary R. Peyton, Francis Y. Huang,
Jlmmie L. Burleson, and Priscllla C. Jones. Aug 80,
323pEPA-600/2-80-110
Grant EPA-R-804640
The use of ozone with ultraviolet radiation was studied
as an advanced treatment process for the removal of
mlcropollutants and trlhalomethane precursors from
drinking water. The model compounds chloroform,
bromo-dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene and
2,2',4,4',6,6i-hexachlorobtphenyl were treated with
ozone/UV as well as UV and ozone Individually In both
highly purified water and lake water. Kinetic rate ex-
pressions which express the dependence of the reac-
tion rate on ozone dose rate, UV Intensity and sub-
strate concentration were developed. The trlhalometh-
ane formation potential of a natural lake water was
monitored as a function of ozone/UV treatment time.
Products resulting from the ozone/UV treatment of
some model compounds and lake water were studied.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Water
treatment, Oxidation, Decomposition, Potable water,
Reaction kinetics, Design, Chloroform, Vinyl chloride,
Chlorine organic compounds, Blphenyl, Methane, Cost
estimates, pH, Substrates, Dose rate, Ozonlzatlon,
Cost analysis, Purification.
PB81-107112 PCA04/MFAQ1
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Information Program* Affect Attitude* Toward
Sewage Sludge U*e In Agriculture. Final rept.,
Ohio Farm Bureau Development Corp., Columbus.
Ned M. Musselman, Lawrence G. Welling, Sandy C.
Newman, and David A. Sharp. Jul 80,62p EPA-600/2-
80-103
Grant EPA-R-804703
A survey was conducted of rural farmers, rural non-
farmers, urban and suburban residents to determine
attitudes toward land application of sludge. After a
thorough educational meeting devoted to a discussion
of benefits and risks in sludge use, the groups were
again quizzed and the answers compared to assess
the effectiveness of the educational program. It was
found that farmers who had used sludge, or were ac-
quainted with Its use, were more amenable to its use
than those with no prior experience with It.
Keywords: 'Farms, 'Sludge disposal, 'Water quality,
Attitude surveys, Risk, Metals, Education, Question-
naires, Land application.
PB81-107120 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Movement and Effect* of Combined Sewer Over-
flow Sediment* In Receiving Water*. Final rept.
Aug 78-Nov 79,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Engineering Re-
search Center.
Stanley L. Klemetson, Thomas N. Keefer, and Robert
K. Simons. Aug 80,150p EPA-600/2-80-126
Grant EPA-R-806111
Sponsored in part by Sutron Corp., Fairfax, VA.
The research work described here was a joint effort of
Colorado State University (CSU) and the Sutron Cor-
poration. The study had two primary objectives. The
first objective was to determine from available litera-
ture the characteristics of combined sewer overflow
(CSO) sediments and the factors affecting their trans-
port properties. The second objective was to make use
of the Information on characteristics to evaluate a cur-
rent sediment model capable of predicting the fate of
CSO sediments.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Water
pollution control, Mathematical models, Sediment
transport, Environmental impacts, Streams, Suspend-
ed sediments, Flow charting, Particle size, Roads,
Aquatic biology, Plankton, California.
960 Vol. 83, NO. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-107138 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
Planned Community: Eutrophlcatlon Potential of
Surface Waters In a Developing Watershed. Final
rept. Jul 73-Dec 76,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
C. H. Ward, and J. M. King. Aug 80,99p EPA-600/2-
80-127
Grant EPA-802433
The purpose of this research was to characterize the
algal populations in a developing area (The Wood-
lands) to evaluate the impact of urbanization on the
aquatic flora in The Woodlands. Several aquatic habi-
tats were sampled on a regular bais to identify factors
which influence algal population dynamics. Nutrient
limitation studies were conducted to determine which
nutrient was most limiting for algal growth during con-
ditions of low flow and stormwater runoff. Water from
Hunting Bayou and Westbury Square, developed com-
munities near Houston, Texas, were used in bioassay
experiments. The impact of urbanization on edaphic
algal populations was also determined. Nutrient limita-
tion studies in Panther Branch and the Conference
Center Lakes showed that phosphorus additions to
low-flow water increased algal cell yields, while yields
in stormwater samples were increased by nitrogen ad-
ditions. Undisturbed soil had more diverse algal popu-
lations, but smaller standing crops, than disturbed
soils, even though concentrations of nitrogen and
phosphorus were higher than in most disturbed soils.
Keywords: *Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Ecology,
'Streams, 'Urbanization, Runoff, Environmental im-
pacts, Primary biological productivity, Bioassay, Nitro-
gen, Soil properties, Plant growth, Forest land, Leach-
ing, Phosphorus, Carbon, Ratios, Chemical analysis,
Abundance, Distribution(Property). Texas,
Houston(Texas), 'Eutrophication, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), Low flow.
PB8M07146 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removing Potential Organic Carcinogens and
Precursors from Drinking Water. Volume I and Ap-
pendix A. Final rept. 22 Jun 76-30 Jun SO,
Florida International Univ., Miami.
Paul R. Wood, Daniel F. Jackson, James A. Servers,
Doris H. Waddell, and Louis Kaplan. Aug 80,391 p
EPA-600/2-80-130A
Grant EPA-R-804521
Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade Water and
Sewer Authority, FL, and Dade County Dept. of Public
Health, Miami, FL See also Volume 2.
Feasible and economical methodologies were needed
to remove existing organic contaminants-specifically,
four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodlcnlorometh-
ane, chlorodlbromomethane, and bromoform)-from
and prevent development of potential carcinogens in
the public water supplies in Dade County, Florida.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Water treatment, Potable
water, Activated carbon treatment, Organic com-
pounds, Adsorption, Absorption, Chloroform, Feasibili-
ty, Bromoform, Methane, Cost effectiveness, Florida,
DadeCounty(Florida).
PB81-107153 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Urban Stormwater Management and Technology:
Case Histories. Final rept. Dec 77-Nov 79,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
William G. Lynard, E. John Finnemore, Joseph A.
Loop, and Robert M. Finn. Aug 80,357p EPA-600/8-
80-035
Contract EPA-68-03-2617
See also PB-240 687.
This report is the third in a series on urban stormwater
and combined sewer overflow management. It pre-
sents 12 case histories representing most promising
approaches to stormwater control. The case histories
were developed by evaluating completed and oper-
ational facilities or ongoing demonstration projects
that have significant information value for future guid-
ance. Essential elements of the case history evalua-
tions cover approach methodology, design consider-
ations, costs, effectiveness, ana environmental and
socioeconomic impacts. Eight of the case histories
assess Best Management Practices (BMPs) and
expand the data base on source control methodology,
focusing principally on planning and storage alterna-
tives. Special considerations are given to flood and
erosion control measures also having a dual benefit of
stormwater control.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Sewage treatment,
'Urban areas, Combined sewers, Overflows, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Storm sewers, Remote control, Control
equipment, Water storage. Design criteria, Floods,
Erosion control, Chemical engineering, Environmental
impacts.
PB81-107989 PC A07/MF A01
Landsat Estuarlne Water Quality Assessment of
Silviculture and Dredging Activities,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
John M. Hill. Aug 80,130p EPA-600/4-80-043
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report describes the application of Landsat multi-
spectral scanning to estuarine water quality, with spe-
cific reference to dredging and silviculture practices.
Water quality data collected biweekly since 1972 in the
Apalachicola, Bay, Florida, by Florida State University,
and Landsat data covering the same geographical
area were used as data base for these correlative in-
vestigations. The research indicates that Landsat can
provide temporal cause and effect information relating
to land-use changes and water quality.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Apalachicola Bay,
Remote sensing, Land use, Color, Seasonal vari-
ations, Dredging, Surface waters, Ocean tides, Forest
land, Chlorophylls, Drainage, Maps, 3raphs(Charts),
Florida, * Landsat satellites, Silviculture.
PB81-108003 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Volatilized Lubricant Emissions from Steel Rolling
Operations. Final rept. Apr 78-Apr 79,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
C. J. Mackus, and K. N. Joshi. May 80,217p EPA-600/
2-80-105
Contract EPA-68-02-2606
The report gives results of a study of the volatilization
of lubricants used In steel rolling. Data from nine steel
mills were used to: define the volatilized portion of lu-
bricants used in rolling; and prepare total oil, grease,
and hydraulic material balances for actual and typical
cold and hot rolling operations. Air Pollution from cold
and hot rolling was estimated from data acquired from
questionnaires, plant visits, and emission source sam-
pling. Introductory and background information on
steel rolling, lubrication practices, rolling mill lubri-
cants, and rolling emulsion application techniques Is
also presented. Study results generally agree with
those of a previous study which estimated mat for a
typical integrated steel plant, with a raw steel produc-
tion capacity of 3.6 million metric tons per year, 6530
metric tons per year of oils, greases, and hydraulic
fluids are used throughout the plant. Since about 83%
of these lubricants are used In steel rolling and finish-
ing, this study concentrated on these operations. For a
typical cold strip mill, total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions
were estimated to be 358 metric tons per year. There-
fore, the total HC emission rate for all cold strip mills in
the U.S. Is an estimated 7160 metric tons per year. It
was also estimated that for a typical hot strip mill, total
HC emissions were 94.7 metric tons per year (2460
metric tons per year for all US hot strip mills).
Keywords: 'Lubricants, 'Air pollution. 'Metal rolling,
Rolling mills, Steels, Vaporizing, Steel plants.
PB81-108078 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Dry Bottom Utility Boilers
Firing Pulverized Bituminous Coal. Final rept. May
74-Aug 80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. G. DeAngelis, R. B. Reznik, D. S. Ruffin, J. N.
Rigano, and W. R. McCuriey. Oct 80,21 Op MRC-DA-
997, EPA-600/2-80-042C
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
The report describes and assesses the potential
impact of air emissions, wastewater effluents, and
solid wastes from dry-bottom utility boilers firing pul-
verized bituminous coal. Consuming about 320 million
metric tons of the coal per year, this is the primary
method of firing coal in utility boilers. Air emissions
were characterized from literature data, supplemented
by field sampling. Significant emissions from coal com-
bustion were particulate matter, SOx, NOx, hydrocar-
bons, polycyclic organic materials, and a number of
elements emitted as particles and vapors. The poten-
tial environmental impact of each emission species
(after passing through state-of-the-art controls) was in-
dividually assessed using a calculated quantity known
as ambient source severity (the ratio of the maximum
ground level concentration-determined through dis-
persion equations-to an ambient environmental goal).
No species were found to have an ambient source se-
verity greater than 1.0; NOx (0.97) and SOx (0.93) had
the highest severities. It was estimated that the human
population around an average source In this category
exposed to an ambient severity greater than 0.05 was
about 300,000 persons for NOx and SOx. Pollutant
concentrations were also determined in wastewater
and solid waste streams. Effluent source severities
and solid waste discharges were both found to be
minor, with controls.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Environmental surveys, 'Electric
power plants, Air pollution, Water pollution, Bituminous
coal, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Sources, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Polycyclic compounds, Concentration(Composition),
Combustion products, Solid wastes.
PB81-108508 PC A04/MF A01
A Quid* to Regulations and Guidance for the Utili-
zation and Disposal of Municipal Sewage Sludge.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Sep 80, 58p EPA/MCD-72, EPA-430/9-80-015
This document provides a concise outline of the differ-
ent Federal regulations and guidelines that pertain to
each alternative for sludge utilization and disposal and
points out how these regulations and guidelines should
be addressed.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Water pollution control,
•Municipalities, Manuals, Regulations, National gov-
ernment, Incinerators, Mulches, Earthfills, Marketing,
Hazardous materials, Law(Jurisprudence), Ocean
waste disposal, Land application.
PB81-108789 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Nine High-Mileage Catalytic
Converters for EPA. Final rept,
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
R. Q. Lyben, and L M. Nlebylski. Sep 79,116p EPA-
460/3-80-024
Contract EPA-68-03-2693
Prepared in cooperation with Ethyl Corp., Research
Labs., Ferndale, Ml.Color illustrations reproduced in
black and white.
This study was a pilot project designed to analyze the
efficiency and condition of in-use catalysts on high-
mileage vehicles. These 1975 model year vehicles
were originally all public-owned and were obtained
from an earlier EPA project (Restorative Maintenance
Evaluation of High Mileage, Catalyst-Equipped Vehi-
cles, conducted for EPA by Automotive Testing Lab-
oratories, Inc., EPA Contract No. 68-03-2413). Tables I
and II present descriptions, miles accumulated and
FTP results for these nine vehicles from this past
report. For the current project the catalysts were re-
moved from the vehicles and tested for conversion ef-
ficiency and pressure drop. The catalysts were then
subjected to visual, chemical and physical analysis to
provide data on their In-use condition.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Motor vehicles, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Performance evaluation, Efficiency,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts),
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Catalytic converters,
'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
December 1983 961
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-108605 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Evaluation of Sludge Management Systems: Eval-
uation Checklist and Supporting Commentary.
Technical rept,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA.
Gordon L. Gulp, Justine A. Faisst, Daniel J. Hinrichs,
and Bruce R. Winsor. Feb 80,250p EPA-430/9-80-
001,,EPA/MCD-61
Contract EPA-68-01-4833
This Bulletin is intended to be an aid for review of facili-
ty plans, designs, specifications, and Operation and
Maintenance manuals which deal with sludge manage-
ment systems. The document is divided into three
parts: Facility Planning, Design and Specifications, and
Operation and Maintenance Manuals. Each part is
complete and independent of the others so it is only
necessary to use those portions relevant to the project
under review.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Sludge disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Manuals, Design, Maintenance, Specifi-
cations, Thickening, Volume, Ground water, Toxicity,
Air quality, Bacteria, Viruses, Metals, Nutrients,
Barges, Pipelines, Combustion, Dewatering, 'Land ap-
plication.
PB81-109092 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation and Application of SOx Measurement
Procedures for Kraft Recovery Furnaces. Project
rept Jul 76-Sep 80,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement Inc., New York.
A. K. .'aln, R. O. Blosser, D. B. Newport, and H. S.
Oglesby. Sep 80,63p EPA/600/2-80-186
Grant EPA-R-804644
The objective of this investigation was to determine
the sulfuric acid (SO3/H2SO4) and sulfur dioxide
(SO2) emissions from kraft recovery furnaces using an
extractive sampling system. The Goksoyr and Ross
controlled condensation technique was chosen.
Equipment was designed and fabricated to evaluate
the effect of coil length, grit porosity, temperature, flow
rate, and concentration upon the efficiency of capture
of H2SO4 in the modified Grahm condenser. The opti-
mum design and operating conditions to minimize
SO3/H2SO4 losses In filter holders used in the sam-
pling train for particulate separation were determined,
and the effects of recovery furnace particulate upon
SO3/H2SO4 losses were investigated. Sampling of
five representative Kraft recovery furnace stack gases
showed that the SO3/H2SO4 concentrations varied
from 0 to 2.98 ppm, while the range of SO2 concentra-
tions was from 14 to 416 ppm. A comparison of these
emissions with the SO3/H2SO4 and SO2 emissions
from oil and coal fired utility boilers shows the kraft re-
covery furnace emissions to be much lower.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfuric acid, *Sul-
fate pulping, 'Sulfur dioxide, Furnaces, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sulfur oxides, Sam-
pling, Concentratfon(Composition), Flue gases, Chem-
ical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Air filters, Electrostatic pre-
clpitators, Gas analysis, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB81-109100 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy
Process: QSA/Pentagon Co-Fired Boiler Teats.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Mark A. Golembiewski. Oct 80,58p EPA-600/7-80-
170
Contract EPA-68-02-2166
Midwest Research Institute (MRI), in conjuction with
the General Services Administration (GSA) and the
National Center for Resource Recovery (NCRR), con-
ducted a series of emission tests at the Virginia Heat-
ing and Refrigeration Plant (VHRP) in Arlington, Virgin-
ia (this plant provides steam heat or refrigerated air to
the Pentagon building). The study was designed to
obtain emission data while one of the steam boilers
was co-fired with different blends of coal and densified
refuse-derived fuel (d-RDF).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Fuels, Boilers, Coal, Mix-
tures, Blends, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Sampling, 'Boiler fuel,
Refuse fueled boilers, Refuse derived fuels, Particu-
lates.
PB81-109118 PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Analysis and Evaluation of a Radioactive Waste
Package Retrieved from the Atlantic 2600 Meter
Disposal Site. Technical note,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
P. Colombo, R. M. Neilson, Jr., and M. W. Kendig. Sep
79,119pBNL-51102, EPA-ORP/TAD-79-3
During the 1976 Atlantic 2800 meter radioactive waste
disposal site survey, the first recovery of a radioactive
waste package from a radioactive waste disposal site
was performed by the EPA Office of Radiation Pro-
grams. The retrieved 80-gallon radioactive waste
package was transported to Brookhaven National Lab-
oratory where container corrosion and matrix leach
rate and degradation studies were conducted.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, Site surveys, Con-
tainers, Corrosion, Leaching, Tests, Atlantic Ocean,
Cements, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Marine dispos-
al.
PB81-109126 PC A12/MF A01
Quality Assurance Program; Guidelines and Spec-
ifications, Criteria and Procedures, Region V.
Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Surveil-
lance and Analysis Div.
James H. Adams, Jr. 15 Jan 80, 259p EPA-905/4-80-
001
This manual documents the Quality Assurance Pro-
gram for Region V, U.S. EPA, that will produce a nu-
merical estimate o1 the reliability of all data values re-
ported or used by the Region. Revisions will be made
per the requirements of the finalized Quality Assur-
ance Plan of the Agency. The elements of a quality as-
surance program are discussed, including Region V's
QA Policy Statement, Objectives and Milestones,
Quality Assurance Management, Personnel, Facilities,
Equipment and Services, Review of Program Plans,
Project Plans or Study Plans, Data Collection, Data
Processing, Corrective Actions, Data Quality Assess-
ment, Data Quality Reports, Chain of Custody and
Specific Guidance.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control,
'Guidelines, 'Environmental surveys, Management
planning, Sampling, Regulations, Standards, Data
analysis, Assessments, *EPA region 5, Procedures.
PB81-109217 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Community Noise Control: Measurement and Reg-
ulation. Proceedings of a Conference Held at
Tucson, Arizona on April 9-10,1980.
California Univ., Richmond. Center for a Quiet Environ-
ment.
Apr80,83p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX.
Proceedings of a conference held in Tucson, Arizona,
April 9-10, 1980, cosponsored by EPA, Center for a
Quiet Environment, and Arizona State Department of
Health Services. Presentations cover noise and
acoustic terminology, health effects and subjective re-
actions to noise, the role of citizens and government In
noise control, practical hints for noise control, and de-
scriptions of noise programs in Salt Lake City, Utah,
and Sacramento County, California.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Regulations, Standards, Public
health, Law enforcement, Exposure, Motor vehicles,
Acoustics, Sound waves, Utah, California, 'Noise pol-
lution, Sacramento County(California), Salt Lake
City(Utah), Numerical solution.
PB81-1092S8 PC A09/MF A01
Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Move-
ment Study. Phase I. Final rept.
New York City Transportation Administration. Office of
the Administrator.
Jun 76,179p UMTA-UPM-02-80-1
Contract DOT-OS-30053.
See also Appendix Volume \, PB81 -109266.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
109241.
The City of New York, with the U.S. Department of
Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, has embarked on the Manhattan Garment
Center Urban Goods Movement Study in order to
better understand the goods movement process, to
develop techniques to alleviate the difficulties of urban
goods movement, and to implement these techniques.
This Garment Center study represents the first major
effort to investigate the goods movement problems ex-
isting in a major, highly urbanized environment. The
project is a comprehensive study of urban goods
movement and is organized to meet several objec-
tives: (1) to be accessible and responsive to the com-
munity; (2) to develop, design, evaluate, and imple-
ment short-term, low capital improvements for the
goods movement system; and (3) to identify long-term
solutions to goods movement difficulties. This report
presents a summary of Phase I of the Manhattan Gar-
ment Center Urban Goods Movement Study. Phase I
consists of the development of a data base, analysis of
the goods movement problem, and the implementa-
tion of short-range proposals to improve the move-
ment of goods and people. It addresses such issues as
the economic structure of the garment industry; pat-
tern of land use; volume and patterns of traffic and
curbside parking; air and noise pollution levels associ-
ated with the garment industry; and the implementa-
tion of a program of short-range low capital improve-
ments. This Phase I report states that the analyses,
policy recommendations, and experiences of this
project are appropriate for a study of urban goods
movement in any area, particularly small metropolitan
Keywords: "Cargo transportation, 'Urban transporta-
tion, Systems analysis, Central city, Parking facilities,
Air pollution, Economic analysis, Data processing,
Problem solving, New York, Clothing industry, Noise
pollution,' New York City(New York), ManhattanfNew
York).
PB81-109286 PC A08/MF A01
Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Move-
ment Study. Phase I. Appendix Volume I.
New York City Transportation Administration. Office of
the Administrator.
Jun 76,167p UMTA-UPM-02-80-2
Contract DOT-OS-30053
See also Phase 1, PB81-109258 and Appendix
Volume 2, PB81-109274.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
109241.
The Appendix Volume I, provides a detailed descrip-
tion of the activities and analyses conducted during
Phase I of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban
Goods Movement Study. Volume I provides an over-
view of the Garment Center including goods move-
ment and the apparel industry; basic traits and industry
trends of the apparel industry; outward movement of
contractors; future trends; and an appendix discussing
the Standard Industrial Classification System. The
report also discusses the apparel industry question-
naire Including method of data collection; summary or
observations; general characteristics; location of con-
tractor's facilities; characteristics of freight; and exhib-
its charting the apparel industry questionnaires. The
third part of this volume discusses land use and eco-
nomic data, including building analysis; zoning; as-
sessed value; employment; rents and vacancy rates;
and sample block segments.
Keywords: 'Cargo transportation, 'Urban transporta-
tion. Systems analysis, Central city, Commoditie*.
Economic analysis, Data processing, Industries,
Trends, Problem solving. New York, Clothing industJY,
Noise pollution, New York City(New York).
Manhattan(New York).
962 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-109282 PC A08/MF A01
Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Manhattan Garment Canter Urban Goods Move-
man! Study. Phase I. Appendix Volume III.
New York City Transportation Administration. Office of
the Administrator.
Jun 76,157p UMTA-UPM-02-80-4
Contract DOT-OS-30053
See also Volume 2, PB81-109274 and Phase 2, PB81-
109290.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
109241.
The report Is Appendix Volume III of the Phase I Final
Report of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban
Goods Movement Study. The environmental effort of
this study includes an analysis of the public costs of
goods movement in terms of air and noise pollution
and accidents. The public costs of goods movement
also include an analysis of carbon monoxide emis-
sions; estimation of the health costs of air pollution;
ambient noise conditions; and the relationship of ve-
hicular activity and congestion to accident costs in the
New York City Garment Center. This report also pre-
sents some of the tools developed during the course
of this study for the collection of data. The report con-
tains a bibliography that includes previous Garment
Center studies as well as a list of readings.
Keywords: 'Cargo transportation, 'Urban transporta-
tion, Systems analysis, Central city, Pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Economic analysis, Data processing, Health, Ve-
hicular traffic, Accidents, Problem solving, New York,
Clothing industry, Noise pollution, New York City(New
York), Manhattan(New York), Environment protection.
PB81-109316 PC A08/MF A01
TOustrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of EPA Facilities for Solar Thermal Energy
Applications. Final rept. 1 Nov 77-30 Jun 78,
AcurexCorp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
f • V. Nelson, P. T. Overly, and D. M. Bell. Oct 80, 155p
ACUREX-80-40/EE.EPA-600/7-BO-176
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
A study was done to assess the feasibility of applying
solar thermal energy systems to EPA facilities. A
survey was conducted to determine those EPA facili-
««8 where solar energy could best be used. These sys-
jems were optimized for each specific application and
we system/facility combinations were ranked on the
oasis of greatest cost effectiveness.
Keywords: Site surveys, Planning, Cost analysis,
Design, Feasibility, Benefit cost analysis, 'Solar heat-
ing systems, 'Environmental Protection Agency.
PB81-10»340 PC A09/MF A01
rinal Environmental Impact Statement Northglenn
Management Program City of Northglenn,
,
environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
"fgionVIII.
Weston W. Wilson, William Rothenmeyer, Al Udin, and
jraul Seeley. 27 Jun 80, 1 79p EPA-908/5-79-002B
*«« also report dated 1 1 Jan 80, PB80-1 50246.
P* is a final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
'w proposed construction of facilities to provide water
*"PPly, wastewater treatment and agriculture reuse of
?**age effluent for the City of Northglenn, Colorado.
rnaer an exchange agreement with the Farmers Res-
JUJwr and Irrigation Company, approximately 5,000
•cre-feet annually will be diverted for Nortnglenn's mu-
"«pai use, treated, augmented from other sources,
«ored, and then returned for irrigation purposes. The
Commended action is to construct an 8 mile inter-
"•"Ptor, aerated lagoon and a storage reservoir.
s: 'Reservoirs. 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
{"•ntal impact statements-final, Water supply, Irrlga-
.r*88'6 water reuse, Lagoons(Ponda), Construc-
i Water storage, Urban areas, Agriculture. Air qual-
._ Odors, Safety, Water quality, Colorado,
Qlenn(Colorado), Flow augmentation.
PB81-109357 PC A03/MF A01
Record ot Decision Northglenn Water Manage-
ment Program City of Northglenn, Colorado. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Weston W. Wilson. 9 Sep 80, 47p EPA-908/5-79-002D
This is a public record of decision regarding proposed
construction of facilities to provide water supply,
wastewater treatment and agriculture reuse of sewage
effluent for the City of Northglenn, Colorado. Under an
exchange agreement with the Farmers Reservoir and
Irrigation Company, approximately 5,000 acre-feet of
water will be diverted annually for Northglenn's munici-
pal use, treated, augmented from other sources,
stored, and then returned for irrigation purposes.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Sewage treatment, 'Con-
struction, 'Water supply, Decision making, Irrigation,
Waste water reuse, Lagoons(Ponds), Water storage,
Environmental impacts, Colorado,
Northglenn(Colorado), Water management(Applied),
Alternative planning.
PB81-109415 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Manual for Premlnlng Planning of Eaatern
Surface Coal Mining. Volume 2. Surface Mine En-
gineering. Final rept. Jun 75-Jul 78,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Mineral Engineering.
R. V. Raman!, C. J. Bise, C. Murray, and L. W.
Saperstein. Oct 80,374p* EPA-600/7-80-175
Grant EPA-R-803882
See also Volume 1, PB-287 086.
A comprehensive summary of the analyses required to
layout a surface mine, taking into consideration the
limitations imposed by geology, equipment, reclama-
tion, economics, and environmental control require-
ments is provided. Methods, techniques, and alterna-
tives are recommended for selecting and designing
mining systems that include soil handling and storage,
overburden removal, and minimization of environmen-
tal effects of drilling, blasting, off-highway transporta-
tion, coal loading, and steep slopes.
Keywords: 'Mining engineering, 'Surface mining,
'Coal mining, 'Manuals, Strip mining, Exploration,
Mining equipment, Mine haulage, Land reclamation,
Cost analysis, Planning, Guidelines, Recommenda-
tions, Eastern Region(United States).
PB81-109449 PC A03/MF A01
Captan: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
22 Jul 80,44p' EPA/SPRD-80/104
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for captan.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals,
Toxicity, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
'Captan, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation, Cyclohexene dicarboxImide/N-
((trichloromethyl)thio).
PB81-109456 PC A04/MF A01
Ethylene Dlbromlde: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
14 Dec 77,71 p' EPA/SPRD-flO/73
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for ethyl-
ene dlbromide. It gives a preliminary examination of Its
use, environmental residues, and health effects includ-
ing toxicology data. Limited information is provided for
exposure and extent of risk. Results of a literature
search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Bromine organic compounds, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Ethane/dibromo,
'Toxic substances, Health risks. Pesticide residues.
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesls, Bioac-
cumulation.
PB81-109464 PC A04/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
18 Oct 78,70p* EPA/SPRD-80/85
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for pen-
tachlorophenol. it gives a preliminary examination of
its use, environmental residues, and health effects In-
cluding toxicology data. Limited Information is provided
for exposure and extent of risk. Results of a literature
search are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Phenol/pentach-
loro, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesls,
Bioaccumulation.
PB81-109472 PC A03/MF A01
Pronamlde: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
1 Apr 77,31p* EPA/SPRD-80/67
See also report dated 15 Jan 79, PB80-213911.
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for kerb
SOW. It gives a preliminary examination of its use, envi-
ronmental residues, and health effects Including toxi-
cology data. Limited information is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Nitrogen organic compounds, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Kerb SOW, 'Toxic
substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of
pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumula-
tion, Benzam!de/N-(dimethyl-propynyl)-dlchloro.
PB81-109480 PC A06/MF A01
Endrln: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
3 May 79,82p* EPA/SPRD-80/39
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for endrln.
It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited information is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, 'Endrin, Chlorine organic compounds,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Regulations, Dtmethan-
onaphthalenes, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesti-
cide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Onco-
genesis, Bioaccumulation.
PBB1-1W605 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Qreat
Lakes National Program Office.
Menomonee River Pilot Watershed Study. Volume
1. Summary and Recommendation*. Final rept.
May74-Dec79,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
John G. Konrad, G. V. Simslman, and Gordon
Cheaters. Dec 79,91 p EPA-905/4-79-020-A
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared In cooperation with Wisconsin Unh/.-Madl-
son. Water Resources Center.
This project was In support of the U.S./Canada Great
Lakes Water Quality Agreement The objectives are
described under the reference-Pollution from Land
Use Activities Reference Group. Several special study
areas within the Menomonee River Watershed were
sampled, analyzed, and evaluated. The water quality
was measured, both surface and groundwater. Air dep-
osition was measured to see how the quality of atmos-
pheric Inputs effected the water quality of the surface
runoff.
December 1983 963
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Land use, 'Runoff, 'Menomonee River
Watershed, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Michigan, Sus-
pended sediments, Mathematical models, Regression
analysis, Ground water, Plumes, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Metals, Concentration(Composition),
Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Monitoring,
Phosphorus, Organic loading, Point sources, Nonpoint
PB81-109S96 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Compendium on Solid Waste Management by Ver-
micomposting. Final rept.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
Aug 80,72p* EPA-600/8-80-033
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
Vermicomposting of municipal solid wastes has been
attempted only in the last five years and there are
presently no full-scale operations. This report assess-
es the technical and economic feasibility of vermicom-
posting and is based on several pilot-scale studies
conducted by private entrepreneurs. The assessment
is based on examining facilities and costs for a munici-
pal operation serving (1) a community of 50,000 per-
sons and (2) a community of about 500,000 persons.
Vermicomposting is compared to three other methods
of solid waste management: sanitary landfill, windrow
composting, and combustion. Vermicomposting was
estimated to cost about $24 to $32 per ton of waste
processed.
Keywords: "Worms, 'Composts, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Municipalities, Assessments, Cost analysis, Earth-
fills, Revenue, Combustion, Chemical reactions, Aer-
ation, Temperature, Processing, Capitalized costs,
'Vermicomposting, Earthworms, Eisenia foetida, Lum-
bricus rubellus.
PB81-110199 PCA07/MFA01
Water Quality Trends In Region VIII (1979 Data).
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
Thomas A. Entzminger, Richard Sotiros, and W. T.
Willingham. Oct 80,145p EPA-908/2-80-001
Water quality trends and status for the calendar year
1979 were determined for the six states in Region VIII.
These states include Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota/South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. Statistical
tests which detect significant differences between two
populations were utilized to show trends in water qual-
ity. The status and severity of stream pollutants were
determined by comparing observed parameter con-
centrations to state Water Quality Standards or recog-
nized criteria.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Statistical tests, Colorado,
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming, Trends, Streams, Indexes(Ratios), Standards,
Comparison.
PB81-110462 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Continuous Chlorlnatlon on Entrained
Estuarlne Plankton. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Johns Island, SC.
Bears Bluff Field Station.
Stanton J. Erickson, and Howard R. Foulk. Jan 80,6p
EPA-600/J-80-081, ERL-GB-J0078
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control, vS2 n1 p44-47 Jan
80.
The effects of continuous chlorination on entrained
plankton are investigated in tests using running sea
water and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an indica-
tor of biomass. Effects were measured by biolumirjes-
cence with the use of luciferin-luciferase reagents from
firefly lanterns for the analysis of ATP present in plank-
ton from seawater samples.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Chlorination, 'Water pollution
control, 'Toxicity, Entrainment, Biomass, Adenosine
phosphates, Sea water, Measurement, Sodium hypo-
chlorlte, Halohydrocarbons, Mortality, Damage as-
sessment, Reprints.
PB81-110470 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, PL
Toxic Residues and Pollutants. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Ralph C. Dougherty. 1979,20p EPA-600/J-80-077,,
ERLGB-0063
Grant EPA-R-806334
Pub. in Biochemical Applications of Mass Spectrome-
try, Supplementary Volume 1 ch32A p951 -9681980.
The author discusses sample preparation, separation
of xenobiotic chemicals from the bulk of the environ-
mental substrate, and problems associated with pollut-
ant analysis. The application of mass spectrometry
(MS) to the detection of chemicals foreign to biology is
reviewed, and cases are cited to demonstrate the use
of MS in identifying or quantifying xenobiotic chemicals
in samples obtained from the food chain, from contact
sources, or from studies of human tissues and bio-
fluids.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Residues, Gas chromatography, Mass spectros-
copy, Sampling, Tissues(Biology), Food chains, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-110488 Not available NTIS
Marine and Estuarlne Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Donald J. Reish, Gill C. Geesey, Thomas J. Kauwling,
Frank G. Wilkes, and Alan J. Mearns. Jun 80,45p EPA-
600/J-80-097, ERL-GB-J072
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Fed., v52(6)
p1533-1575 Jun 80.
This literature review summarizes current data on the
effects of pesticides on marine organisms, aquatic en-
vironmental research methods, bioaccumulation of
pesticides by estuarine and marine organisms, and
biota residue. Results of studies of the environmental
effects of dredging, dumping, and wastewater sludge
are reported. The occurrence of diseases and tissue
abnormalities in fishes is discussed, as well as re-
search related to marine oil pollution.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Pesticides, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Reviews, Aquatic animals, Birds, Microbiology,
Trace elements, Metals, Oil pollution, Hydrocarbons,
Metabolism, Environmental impacts, Fishes, Animal
diseases, Reprints, Pesticide residues, Ocean waste
disposal.
PB81-110496 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Yeasts from the North Sea and Amoco Cadiz Oil.
Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
D. G. Ahearn, and S. A. Crow. 1980,5p EPA-600/J-80-
078,, ERL.GB-0067
Contract EPA-R-804477
Pub. in Botanica Marina. v23 p125-1271980.
The species and densities of yeasts isolated from
North Sea waters before and after the production of oil
were compared. Debaryomyces hansenii was the pre-
dominant species, but after oil production, Candida
guillieromondii, a hydrocarbonoclastlc yeast, was more
commonly isolated and the frequency of Aureobasi-
dium pullulans decreased. Relatively few fungi were
isolated from Amoco Cadiz oil collected twelve days
after the start of the spill.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'North Sea. 'Yeasts,
'Marine biology, 'Water pollution, Fungi, Marine
microorganisms, Reprints, Oil spills, Amoco Cadiz, De-
baryomyces hansenii, Candida guilliermOndii, Aureo-
basidium pullulans.
PB81-110850 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chronic Toxicity of Lead and Cadmium. I.
Changes In the Central Nervous System of the Pa-
rental Generation of Rate After Chronic Intoxica-
tion with Lead and Cadmium. Interim rept.,
Slaska Akademia Medyczna, Katowice (Poland). Cen-
tral Animal Farm.
Zbigniew S. Herman, Krystyna Kmieciak-Kolada,
Ryszard Szkllnik, Ryszard Brus, and Kernel Ludyga.
Jan 80,23p EPA-600/1 -80-012
This paper examines the effects of chronic exposure
to trace amounts of lead and cadmium on the central
nervous system of male Westar rats. Treatments con-
sisted of two levels of lead (5 or 50 ppm), two levels of
cadmium (0.1 or 5 ppm), and two combined dosages
(5 ppm lead and 0.1 ppm cadmium, or 50 ppm lead and
5 ppm cadmium). Treatments were administered in
buffered drinking water. The lower dosages generally
produced hyperactivity, while higher dosages pro-
duced hypoactivity. Effects of lead and cadmium on
biogenic amines varied with dose and area of the
brain. Biochemical analysis of blood and urine showed
no changes in the hematocrit or hemoglobin, but the
activity of Delta-ALA dehydratase and serum phospha-
tase were differentially affected. Concentrations of
lead and cadmium in the liver and kidney increased,
and positive interaction effects were noted. The results
suggest that the level of biogenic amines in discrete
brain areas is a very sensitive indicator of central nerv-
ous system toxicity to lead and/or cadmium.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), 'Cadmium, Bio-
assay, Rats, Exposure, Central nervous system,
Dosage, Laboratory animals, Experimental data, Blood
chemical analysis, Liver, Kidney,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, 'Toxic
substances, Urinalysis, Hyperkinesis, Biogenic
amines.
PB81-110892 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Benefits of Maintaining a Chlorine Residual In
Water Supply Systems. Final rept. Jul 76-Jan 79,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hy-
giene and Public Health.
Michael C. Snead, Vincent P. Olivieri, Cornelius W.
Kruse, and Kazuyoshi Kawata. Jun 80,190p EPA-600/
2-80-010
Grant EPA-R-804307
The protection afforded the water consumer by the
maintenance of a chlorine residual in water distribution
systems was evaluated in laboratory holding tanks and
reservoirs and existing municipal water distribution
systems. In the laboratory studies, tap water, adjusted
to the appropriate pH, temperature, and chlorine resid-
ual, was challenged with varying levels of autoclaved
sewage seeded with Shigella, Salmonella conforms,
poliovirus 1, and f2 bacterial virus. Comparative surviv-
als of these microorganisms were evaluated over two
hour periods. As expected microbial inactivation was
increased by lower pH, higher temperature, higher ini-
tial chlorine concentration, and lower sewage concen-
tration. An initial free chlorine concentration was more
effective than an equivalent initial combined chlorine
residual. The maintenance of a free chlorine residual
was found to be the single most effective measure for
maintaining a low plate count in the distribution
system. More than 6000 plate count isolates were
studied and classified into functional groups based on
seven biochemical characteristics.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Chlorination, Conform
bacteria, Shigella, Salmonella, pH, Temperature,
Concentration(Composition), Drinking water, 'Water
pollution control.
PB81-110900 PCA08/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Control Strategies for the Activated Sludge Proc-
ess. Final rept. Mar 76-Jun 77,
Clemson Univ., SC.
Thomas K. Keinath, and Bryan S. Cashion. Aug 80,
175pEPA-600/2-80-131
Grant EPA-R864357-01 -0
The focus of this research centers on strategies to
control both mean solids retention time (MSRT) and
food to microorganism ratio (F/M). Two solids Invento-
ry control strategies were examined: (1) control of the
recycle flow rate when provision has been made for a
fixed volume storage chamber; and (2) control of the
recycle flow rate when provision has been made for a
variable volume storage chamber. Both strategies
were evaluated by simulation using a structured model.
The first strategy was also evaluated through a pilot
study conducted at the Blue Plains Pilot Waste Treat-
ment Facility.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Automatic control, Solids, Flow rate, Process
control, Bacteria, Mathematical models, Settling,
Ratios, Clarification, Aeration, Pilot plants, Computer
programs, Biochemical oxygen demand, Evaluation,
Organic loading, Denitrification, Return flow, MACRO
computer program.
964 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-110918 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Obtaining Improved Products from the Organic
Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste. Final rept.,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
N. L Hecht, D. S. Duvall, A. A. Ghazee, and B. L. Fox.
Aug80,126pEPA-600/2-80-121
Grant EPA-R-804421-01
This project has investigated several processes for the
conversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid
waste (MSW) to a powder. The study concentrated on
two types of processes: (1) conversion of MSW to a
powdered carbon char by low-temperature pyrolysis,
and (2) embrittlement of cellulose waste by thermal-
chemical treatment. This report describes results of
these studies. The first phase of this project was de-
voted to identifying processes that offer a potential for
enhanced product recovery, an evaluation of chemical
treatment to improve carbon recovery from pyrolysis
processes, an evaluation of laboratory processes for
the production of gaseous and liquid fuels, and a labo-
ratory investigation of embrittlement processes for cel-
lulose wastes. The second phase of the program was
concerned with further laboratory studies or the em-
brittlement process, pilot studies of the embrittlement
process with shredded newsprint and refuse derived
fuel, and an engineering and economic assessment for
a plant to process powdered cellulose for use as fuel.
A comprehensive description of Phase I was present-
ed in an earlier report entitled 'Investigation of Ad-
vanced Thermal Concepts for Obtaining Improved
MSW-Derived Products' (EPA-600/7-78-143). This
report summarizes the results of Phase I and provides
a comprehensive review of the work conducted in
Phase II of the program.
Keywords: 'Depolymerization, 'Cellulose, 'Carboniza-
tion, Pilot plants, Pyrolysis, Chemical reactors, Embrit-
tlement, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Fuels, Refuse, 'Solid wastes, Refuse derived fuels.
PB81-110926 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 27 Primary Lead Industry.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jul 80,83p* EPA-600/2-80-168
Contract EPA-68-03-2577
The primary lead industry as defined for this study con-
sists of mining, beneficiation, smelting, and refining. A
profile of the industry is given including plant locations,
capacities, and various statistics regarding production
and consumption of lead, co-products, and by-prod-
ucts. The report summarizes the various commercial
routes practiced domestically for lead production in a
series of process flow diagrams and detailed process
descriptions. Each process description includes avail-
able data regarding input materials, operating condi-
tions, energy and utility requirements, waste streams
produced (air, water, and solid waste), and control
technology practices and problems.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Industrial wastes, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Mining.
Beneficiation, Smelting, Refining, Industries, 'Lead in-
dustry, Solid wastes, Pollution control, Ore processing.
PB81-110934 PCA04/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Package Water Treatment Plants. Volume 1. A
Performance Evaluation. Final rept. Jun 77-Jun 79,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
James M. Morand, Craig R. Cobb, Robert M. Clark,
and Richard G. Stevie. Jul 80,56p EPA-600/2-80-
008A
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Volume 2, PB8M02717.
Many small and rural water systems have both cost
and quality problems. Their unit costs tend to be higher
because of the small number of connections they serv-
ice. As shown by the Community Water Supply Survey
of 1969 many small systems have trouble meeting
minimal drinking water standards. Their problems are
likely to be compounded in the future as drinking water
standards are raised. The cost of building a conven-
tional water treatment plant to provide higher quality
water for a small community may be prohibitive. Pack-
age water treatment plants are a possible alternative
to conventional water treatment. These plants are self-
contained units that can be installed for minimum cost.
Results from a study of 36 package plants in Kentucky,
West Virginia and Tennessee snow that these treat-
ment plants can provide water that meets the turbidity
limits established under the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Standards.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Water treat-
ment, 'Rural areas, Design, Operating costs, Turbidity,
Coliform bacteria, Filtration, Capitalized costs, Clarifi-
cation, Maintenance, Tables(Data), 'Package water
treatment plants, Water quality data.
PB8M10942 PC AOS/MF A01
Sources of Toxic Compounds In Household
Wastewater. Rept. for Jan 79-Jan 80,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Steven W. Hathaway. Aug 80,92p EPA-600/2-80-128
This report presents the results of a literature search
Into the occurrence of EPA's selected 129 priority pol-
lutants in household wastewater. The study identifies
consumer product categories and general types of
products containing the toxic compounds used in and
around the home which may eventually end up in the
wastewater. The most frequently used products con-
taining toxic chemicals are household cleaning agents
and cosmetics. Solvents and heavy metals are the
main ingredients of these products which are used on
a daily basis. Deodorizers and disinfectants, contain-
ing naphthalene and phenol and chlorophenols, are
also high on the frequency list. Pesticides, laundry
products, paint products, polishes, and preservatives
are wasted infrequently but are commonly wasted in
large volumes. Thus, the fate of low level frequent dis-
charges and high level infrequent discharges of toxic
chemicals must be addressed in further research work
with individual wastewater treatment systems or small
community systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Waste water, 'Sewage
treatment, Metals, Households, Sources,
Tables(Data), Cleaning, Solvents, Disinfectants, Cy-
cloalkane hydrocarbons, Phenols, Chlorine organic
compounds, Paints, Pesticides, Septic tanks, Photo-
graphic materials, *Toxic substances, 'Household
wastes, Heavy metals, Consumer products.
PB81-110959 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pyrolytlc Oils - Characterization and Data Devel-
opment for Continuous Processing. Rept. for Jun
76-Mar80,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Engineering Experi-
ment Station.
J. A. Knight, L. W. Elston, D. R. Hurst, and R. J. Kovac.
Aug 80,199p EPA-600/2-80-122
Grants EPA-R-804416, EPA-R-806403
Pyrolytic oils produced by the pyrolysis of forestry resi-
dues in a vertical bed, countercurrent flow reactor
have been thoroughly characterized. The pyrolytic oils
were produced in a 500-lb. per hour pilot plant and In a
50-ton per day field development facility. The overall
chemical and physical properties have been deter-
mined by standard analytical techniques. The oils are
dark brown to black with a burnt, pungent odor and
have a boiling range of about 100C to approximately
200C at which point thermal degradation begins to
occur. Pyrolytic oils contained phenolics, polyhydroxy
neutral compounds and volatile acidic compounds.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fuels, Pyrolysis,
Weed, Agricultural wastes, Technology, Extracting,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Phenols,
Sewage disposal, 'Pyrolytic oils, 'Chemical feed-
stocks.
PB81-110967 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Mathematical Models of Water Quality In Large
Lakes. Part 2. Lake Erie. Final rept.,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
Dominic M. Dl Toro, and John P. Connolly. Jul 80,250p
EPA-600/3-80-065
Grant EPA-R-803030
This research was undertaken to develop and apply a
mathematical model of the water quality In large lakes,
particularly Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay (Part 1) and
Lake Erie (Part 2). A mathematical model was devel-
oped for analysis of the interactions between nutrient
discharges to Lake Erie, the response of phytoplank-
ton to these discharges, and the dissolved oxygen de-
pletion that occurs as a consequence. Dissolved
oxygen, phytoplankton chlorophyll for diatoms and
non-diatoms, zooplankton biomass, nutrient concen-
trations in available forms and inorganic carbon are
considered in the model. Extensive water quality data
for Lake Erie was analyzed and statistically reduced.
Recent developments in phytoplankton growth and
uptake kinetics are included In this analysis.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie, Mathematical
models, Ecology, Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay, Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Chlorophylls, Inorganic compounds,
Carbon, Biomass, Phosphorus, 'Water quality data.
PB81-110975 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.- Duluth, MN.
Seasonal Fluctuations of Major Diatom Species at
Five Stations Across Lake Michigan, May 1970-
October 1972. Final rept. 1 Apr 77-Jun 79,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, Dept. of Atmospheric and
Oceanic Science.
Ruth E. Holland. Jul 80,97p EPA-600/3-80-066
Grant EPA-R-805133
From 27 May, 1970 to 4 October, 1972, the authors
collected water samples from five stations on a tran-
sect across Lake Michigan from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
to Ludlngton, Michigan. At all stations in the three
years sampled, diatoms reached their highest num-
bers in lake spring or summer. These periods of great-
est abundance of total diatoms were the result of the
rapid growth of one or two species. Stephanodlscus
hantzschii was the dominant species at Station 1, off
Milwaukee, and Rhizosolenia eriensis was the domi-
nant species or one of the predominant forms at the
other 4 stations. Solar radiation appeared to be the
limiting factor in the productivity of winter plankton.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Primary biological productivity,
'Lake Michigan, Diatoms, Growth, Abundance,
Spring/Season), Summer, Tables(Data), Solar radi-
ation, Seasonal variations.
PB81-110983 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Preparation and Evaluation of Powdered Activat-
ed Carbon from Ugnocelluloslc Materials. Final
rept. Nov 76-Oct 79,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Paul V. Roberts, Douglas M. Mackay, and Fred S.
Cannon. Aug 80,139p EPA-600/2-80-123
Grant EPA-R-803188
This research project was conceived as a preliminary
evaluation of the technical feasibility of converting
solid wastes into adsorbents suitable for wastewater
treatment. The work emphasized the pyrolysis of solid
wastes rich in organic constituents, mainly agricultural
wastes. The char prepared from one of these materials
(prune pits) was subsequently activated for compari-
son with activated carbons that are widely used In
water and wastewater treatment. The chars so pre-
pared showed specific surface areas of 300 to 650
sqm/g, measured by CO2-BET adsorption (195K), but
the pores were so small that the solids were penetrat-
ed only slowly by N2. Pyrolysis at 700 to 900C resulted
in a greater char specific surface than did pyrolysis at
500C. The activated carbons made from prune pits
demonstrated favorable adsorption performance,
when compared with an activated carbon widely used
in water and wastewater treatment. The prune pit char
activated at 60 min. demonstrated a higher adsorption
capacity and superior adsorption kinetics compared to
the commercial product (Filtrasorb 400), when judged
according to the uptake of dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) from secondary effluent. This difference coin-
cided with a greater surface area and macro- and tran-
sitional (3 to 300 nm) pore volume for the activated
carbon made from prune pits. An adsorbent made by
activation of prune pit char for 42 min. was approxi-
mately equivalent to Filtrasorb 400 in every respect.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Activated carbon treatment, 'Char, Adsorbents, Py-
rolysis, Agricultural wastes, Performance evaluation.
Comparison, Ugnocellulose, 'Waste recycling, Refuse
derived fuels.
December 1983 965
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-110991 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Study of Nitrate Respiration In the Activated
Sludge Process. Final rapt. Jul 68-Jul 75,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Carl Beer. Aug 80,169p EPA-600/2-80-154
Grant EPA-17050-EDL
In an experimental, 570-cum/day (0.15-mgd) activated
sludge plant treating domestic wastewater from a cor-
rectional facility, 76 to 87 percent nitrogen removal
was obtained via sludge synthesis and biological deni-
trification using endogenous H-donors in a compart-
mentalized reactor with alternating aerobic and anoxic
zones. Between 27 and 48 percent of the influent nitro-
gen was removed by denrtrification and between 37
and 49 percent via sludge synthesis. The process was
operated for 8 mo. under comprehensive analytical
control. Ferric chloride (FeCI3) was used to enhance
phosphorus removal. The lowest winter temperature
measured in the aeration tank was 15.9C. An in-line
surge tank was employed for flow equalization. Pri-
mary settling was not utilized in the first 5 mo. of oper-
ation during the 1974-75 winter. This change in treat-
ment strategy reduced nitrogen removal from 82 per-
cent to 78 percent by reducing sharply the amount of
nitrogen removed via sludge synthesis.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Nitrification, Aerobic processes, Iron chlorides,
Chlorination, Phosphorus, Settling, Temperature
measurement, Removal, Flow rate, Nitrogen, Respira-
tion, Chemical analysis, 'Denitrification.
PB81-111007 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastewater In Receiving Waters at Water Supply
Abstraction Points. Final rept. Aug 77-Jan 79,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Redmond, WA.
Michael D, Swayne, Gregory H. Boone, David Bauer,
and John Scott Lee. Jul 80,200p EPA-600/2-80-044
Contract EPA-68-03-2592
The purpose of this project was to determine how
much wastewater and wastewater-derived material
from discharges is present in the surface water sup-
plies of U.S. cities of over 25,000 population. The study
identifies 1246 municipal water supply utilities using
surface water from 194 basins serving 525 cities with
populations greater than 25,000. The results are tabu-
lated to show for each utility: the number of upstream
wastewater dischargers by type, estimation of cumu-
lated wastewater discharge flow and the ratio of
wastewater flow to stream or river flow. The results
ranged from 142 utilities with no dischargers identified
to many utilities where the wastewater constitutes a
major portion of the water supply.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Sewage treatment, •Mu-
nicipalities, Waste water reuse. Potable water, Stream
flow, Flow rate, Populations, Surface waters, Potable
water, Public utilities, Water services, Drinking water,
Low flow.
PB81-111015 PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of 19 On-Site Waste Treatment Sys-
tems In Southeastern Kentucky. Final rept. Feb 78-
Sep 79,
Parrott, Ely, and Hurt, Lexington, KY.
Jack L. Abney. Jul 80,85p EPA-600/2-80-101
This report provides a summary of the design, installa-
tion, operation and maintenance, performance, and
costs of nineteen prototype on-site systems originally
installed in 1970-1972 by the Appalachian Environ-
mental Health Demonstration Project. These systems
included electric and gas-fired Incinerating toilets, re-
cycling toilets, extended aeration units followed by
open sand filters, septic tanks followed by horizontal
sand filters, and septic tanks followed by soil absorp-
tion trenches.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, Toilet facilities, Septic
tanks, Sewage treatment, Filtration, Absorption,
Design, Cost estimates, Installing, Maintenance, Per-
formance, Rural areas, Kentucky, Prototypes, Inciner-
ation.
PB81-111023 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Selenium Removal from Ground Water Using Acti-
vated Alumina. Research rept. Aug 78-Jun 80,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
R. Rhodes trussed, Albert Trussed, and Peter Kreft.
Aug 80,162p EPA-600/2-80-153
Contract EPA-68-03-1515
Laboratory studies were performed to determine opti-
mum conditions for using activated alumina to remove
selenium from drinking water supplies. Column tests
showed that the capacity of alumina for Se IV de-
creased as influent pH increased. Best removal of Se
IV occurred at pH 5 where 1200 bed volumes of water,
with influent concentration of 0.2 mg/l, were treated
before breakthrough (Se cone. <0.0 1/2 mg/l) oc-
curred. Tests showed that the fluorometric technique
can be used to determine Se IV concentrations.
Keywords: 'Selenium, 'Water treatment, Potable
water, Adsorption, Aluminum oxide, Tests, pH, Cost
analysis, Ground water.
PB81-111031 PCAOS/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Pretreatment on the Filtration of Low
Turbidity Secondary Effluent. Final rept. Apr 74-
May 78,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Leon S. Directo, Ching-lln Chen, and Robert P. Miele.
Aug 80,86p EPA-600/2-80-148
Contract EPA-14-12-150
A pilot study of filtration of secondary effluent was con-
ducted. Turbidity and solids removal were similar for
dual vs. trlmedla filters, but headloss was higher
across the latter. Coagulation-flocculatlon and sedi-
mentation pretreatment resulted In a filter effluent su-
perior to that when in-line coagulation alone was used
and a lower rate of head loss build up. However, the
latter produced acceptable results at a much lower
cost.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Filtration,
'Sewage treatment, Activated sludge process, Turbidi-
ty, Coagulation, Flocculatlon, Sedimentation, Pilot
plants, Cost analysis, Maintenance, Chemical analysis.
PB81-111049 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ultraviolet Disinfection of Municipal Wastewater
Effluents. Final rept. Jun 74-Aug 76,
Dallas City Water Utilities Dept., TX.
Albert C. Petrasek, Jr., Harold W. Wolf, Steven E.
Esmond, and D. Craig Andrews. Aug 80,283p EPA-
600/2-80-102
Grant EPA-R-803292
Prepared In cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station.
During this project two different UV exposure and irra-
diation systems were studied. The first system Investi-
gated was the Kelly-Purdy Unit, which consisted of a
shallow-tray exposure chamber with 13 UV lamps
mounted horizontally 10 cm above the bottom of the
chamber. This unit was operated under varying condi-
tions of both flow and depth and generally provided in-
adequate disinfection, although fecal collform densi-
ties were usually reduced by approximately three logs.
The second UV system used during the project was
the Model EP-50 manufactured by Ultraviolet Purifica-
tion Systems, Inc. This exposure chamber consisted of
a stainless steel pressure vessel with nine UV lamps
running longitudinally through the chamber.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Disinfection,
•Sewage treatment, Municipalities, Collform bacteria,
Polloviruses, Monitoring, Flow rate, Dosage, Bacterio-
phages. Microorganism control(Water).
PB81-111066 PCA06/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Adsorption, Movement, and Biological Degrada-
tion of Large Concentrations of Selected Pesti-
cide* In Soils. Rept tor 1 Aug 76-31 Oct 77,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
J. M. Davidson, P. S. C. Rao, L T. Ou, W. B. Wheeler,
and D. F. Rothwell. Aug 80,124p EPA-600/2-80-124
Grant EPA-R-803849
Because of the importance of soil In biologically reduc-
ing the quantity and retarding the rate of pollutant
movement into graundwater, this laboratory study was
Initiated to evaluate the adsorption, mobility, and deg-
radation of large concentrations of the pesticide atra-
zlne, methyl parathlon, terbacil, trifluralin, and 2,4-D In
soils representing four major soil orders in the United
States. Solution concentrations ranged from zero to
the aqueous solubility limit for each pesticide. The mo-
bility of each pesticide increased as its concentration
in the soil solution phase increased. These results
were in agreement with the adsorption isotherm data.
Pesticide degradation rates and soil microblal popula-
tions generally declined as the pesticide concentration
in soil increased; however, some soils were able to de-
grade a pesticide at all concentrations studied, while
others remained essentially sterile throughout the in-
cubation period (60 to 80 days). As shown by measure-
ments of 14CO2 evolution, total CO2 evolution was
not always a good indication of pesticide degradation.
Several pesticide metabolites were formed and identi-
fied. Bound residues of trifluralin and atrazine at the
end of the incubation period appeared to be related to
types of metabolites formed. The observed increase in
pesticide mobility for large pesticide concentrations in
the soil invalidates, in many cases, the usefulness of
the existing low concentration data base for designing
pesticide waste disposal sites.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soils. Water pollution, Herbi-
cides, Adsorption, Biodeterioratlon,
Concentration(Composition), Mobility, Insecticides,
United States, Soil chemistry, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Metabolites,
Atrazine, Trlazlne/chloro-ethylamino isopropylamino,
Methyl parathion, Phosphorothioic acid/O-O-(dimeth-
yl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl-ester), D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic
acid/dichlorophenoxy, Terbacid, Uracil/tert-butyl-
chloro-methyl, Trifluration, Toluidine/dinitro-N-N-dl-
propyl-rifluoro.
PB81-111064 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Planning Wastewater Management Facllttte* for
Small Communities. Final rept. Sep 77-Jun 79,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Patricia L. Deese, and James F. Hudson. Aug 80,
160p* EPA-600/8-80-030
Contract EPA-68-03-2814 . , •
This manual presents a set of procedures for planning
wastewater management facilities for small communi-
10,000. It is designed to aid engineers and the commu-
nities they serve in evaluating various options for treat-
ment and disposal of wastewater, which range from
septic tanks and on-site disposal fields to conventional
gravity sewers and centralized treatment plants. Infor-
mation and techniques are presented for recognizing
and evaluating wastewater management problems fre-
quently faced by small communities and for planning
the range of facilities which will solve those problems,
giving due consideration to costs, community charac-
teristics, and growth management.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban areas, Manu-
als, Sewage disposal, Septic tanks, Sewers, Gravity,
Cost analysis, Grants, Allocations, Regulations, Eval-
uation, Design, Maintenance, Environmental impacts,
Population growth, 'Small communities, Alternative
planning, Trade offs.
PB81-111072 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastewater Solids Utilization on Land Demon-
stration Project. Final rept. Jun 72-Oct 76.
Ocean County Sewerage Authority, Bayville, NJ.
Aug 80,165p EPA-600/2-80-090
Grant EPA-S-801871
Prepared In cooperation with Cook Coll., New Bruns-
wick, NJ.
This Is a summary report of a four-year field study of
the techniques and environmental effects of applying
liquid digested municipal sludge at various rates to
sandy coastal plains soils In a humid temperature cli-
mate. Some of the most Important observations and
measurements were effects on groundwater move-
966 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
merit and quality, crop quality and yields, air quality,
soil properties, and wildlife. Recommendations for
sale beneficial sludge use under conditions of the
study are presented. The report should be valuable to
planners and designers of sludge disposal facilities
and to managers of land application sites in humid
temperate areas.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Land reclamation,
"water pollution, Ground water, Trace elements, Farm
crops, Metals, Soil properties, Yield, Wildlife, Soil
water, Coasts, Sands, 'Land application.
PB81-111060 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot Study of Fluoride and Arsenic Removal from
Potable Water. Research rept. Jun 78-Apr 79.
Aluminum Co. of America, Alcoa Center, PA.
Frederick Rubel, Jr., and Fred S. Williams. Aug 80,45p
EPA-600/2-80-100
Contract EPA-68-03-1351
Pilot plant studies were conducted on the removal of
fluoride and arsenic from potable water using activated
alumina as the adsorbent. The tests were run using
water from the community of Why, Arizona, that con-
tained 3 mg/L fluoride and 0.15 mg/L arsenic. The ex-
perimental data show that activated alumina Is an ef-
fective means of treating this water. Major facts shown
by the data are that: (a) arsenic is preferentially ad-
sorbed on the activated alumina, (b) a stronger sodium
hydroxide solution (4%) is required during regenera-
tion of the activated alumina for arsenic than is re-
quired for fluoride (1 %), and (c) the capacity of the alu-
mina for removing fluoride is decreased by any arsenic
remaining in the alumina. The pilot studies indicate that
the preferred method of treating water with these com-
bined contaminants is the use of two activated alumina
columns in series. A schematic of a full-sized treat-
ment plant is included, along with engineering esti-
mates of operating and capital equipment costs for
small communities. Operating costs are approximately
5 cents/Id- of treated water. (19 cents/1000 gal.)
Keywords: *Water treatment, 'Fluorides, "Arsenic, Po-
table water, Pilot plants, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, Adsorption, Aluminum oxide,
*Why(Arizona).
PB81-111098 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Ouluth, MN.
Toxiclty of 1,1-Dlchloroethylane (Vlnylldene Chlo-
ride) to Aquatic Organlams. Final rept.,
Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Ml.
D. C. Dili, W. M. McCarty, H. C. Alexander, and E. A.
BarMett. Jul 80,27p PUB/B-600-147-80, EPA-600/3-
80-057
Studies were conducted to determine the acute toxlci-
ty toxicKy of 1,1 -dlchloroethylene ((vinylidene chloride)
VDC) to fish and macrolnvertebrates. The methods in-
cluded a 96-hour static toxicity test using fathead
minnow, Plmephales promelas Rafinesque; a 48-hour
static toxlcity test using water fleas, Daphnla magna
Straus; and a 13-day flow-through toxicity test using
the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafines-
que. The 96-hour static LCSO value for fathead
minnow was 169 (161 to 179)* mg/L. The LCSO value
is the calculated concentration of toxicant which would
kill SO percent of the test organisms within a specified
time period, e.g., 96 hours. The 46-hour static LCSO for
Jjaphnlds was 11.6 (9.0 to 14.0) mg/L. The 96-hour
now-through LCSO value for fathead minnows was 108
(85 to 117) mg/L. The threshold LCSO value in flowing
water was demonstrated after 7 days to be 29 (23 to
34) mg/L. The threshold LCSO value is achieved when
there Is no further decline In the LCSO value over a
Period of three to four days or more. Loss of body equi-
librium (swimming disorientatlon) was the major suble-
thal toxic effect noted In the static and flow-through
fish tests. Many fish affected in the static test recov-
ered In 48 hours, perhaps because of volatilization of
the toxicant, However, all affected fish In the flow-
through test died by day 7. The 24- and 48-hour LCSO
water flea test values were Identical, probably because
W volatilization of the teat material during the first 24
hours. The difference In the static and flow-through
»sh toxlcity values stresses the Importance of conduct-
Ing a flow-through test with volatile chemicals to ade-
quately determine acute and longer term exposure ef-
96 hours).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Lethal dosage, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Bloassay, Fishes, Invertebrates,
Concentratlon(Compo8itlon), 'Ethylene/trichloro, Fat-
head, Plmephales promelas, 'Toxic substances,
Daphnla magna.
PB81-111106 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Field Test Using CoahdRDF Blends In Spreader
Stoker-Fired Boilers. Final rept. Jun 76-Jul 78,
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Gerald H. Degler, H. Gregory Rigo, and Boyd T. Rlley,
Jr. Aug 80,237p EPA-600/2-80-095
Contract EPA-68-03-2426
This program was conducted to characterize and dem-
onstrate the technical, economic, and environmental
feasibility of combustion denslfled forms of refuse de-
rived fuel (dRDF) blended with coal In spreader stoker-
fired boilers. A total of 2S8.5 Mg (28S tons) of pelle-
tized 1 /2-inch-dlameter x 3/4-inch-long dRDF was co-
fired with coal in 2.7 x 7.5 kg/sec (60.000 Ib/hr) and
3.6 x 10 kg/sec (75,000 Ib/hr) of 1.03 MPa (150 psig)
saturated steam. The results indicate that coal:dRDF
blends up to 1:2 can be handled and burned in conven-
tional spreader stoker-fired boilers without major
equipment modification. As more dRDF was substitut-
ed lor coal, the flame volume Increased, the opacity
decreased, the fly ash carbon burnout improved, and
the turndown ratio of boiler operation increased. The
emissions from the blend firing decreased slightly In
mass flux, dropped significantly In particulate size and
stack opacity, and had satisfactory particulate resistivi-
ties.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Stokers, Field tests, Sites, Per-
formance evaluation, Particles, Material handling,
Sampling, Air pollution, Spreaders, 'Refuse derived
fuels, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB81-111114 RCA04/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Methodology to Evaluate the Potential for Ground
Water Contamination from Qeothermal Fluid Re-
lease*. Final rept,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
Karen Summers, Steve Gherini, and Carl Chen. Aug
80,178p EPA-600/7-80-117
Contract EPA-68-03-2671
This report provides analytical methods and graphical
techniques to predict potential ground water contami-
nation from geothermal energy development. Over-
flows and leaks from ponds, pipe leaks, well blowouts,
leaks from well casing, and migration from Injection
zones can be handled by the methodology. General
characteristics of geothermal systems and fluids and
probable modes of release are Included In the report to
provide typical data.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Ground water, Environ-
mental impacts, Numerical analysis, Graphs(Charts),
•Resource development, 'Geothermal fluids, Geo-
thermal resources, Geothermal systems, Energy
source development.
PB81-111122 PCA06/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Dlv.
Studies of Methanoganle Bacteria In Sludge. Final
rept. Sep 66-Oct 79,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
P. H. Smith. Aug 80,115p EPA-600/2-80-093
Grant EPA-17070-DJV
Methanogenic bacteria were Isolated from mesophllte
anaerobic digesters. The isolates were able to utilize
H2 and CO2 acetate, formate and metnanol, but were
not able to metabolize proptonate and butyrate. It was
shown the proptonate and butyrate are not substrates
for methanogenlc bacteria but are converted to hydro-
gen, carbon dioxide and acetate by a hydrogenlc ml-
croflora. The reactions leading to methane were quan-
titatively analyzed. It was shown that acetate, propto-
nate and butyrate metabolism were Inhibited by hydro-
gen. The formation of acetate and proplonate ware
shown to be rate limiting In the digestion process, and
that sludge digestion waa not Inhibited by hydrogen
under conditions of excess substrate.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Sludge, Anaerobic bacteria,
Gases, Methane, Hydrogen, Acetic acid, Butyric acid,
Propionlc acid, Fatty acids, Sludge digestion, Organic
acids, Digestion.
PB81-111411 PCA11/MFA01
Environment Midwest, January 1979 through De-
cember 1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
1979,245p
See also report dated Jan 78, PB80-131352.
This document compiles the January 1979 through
December 1979 Issuances of ENVIRONMENT MID-
WEST Into a single volume. This periodical publication
reports on environmental protection efforts in the mid-
western United States within the states of Illinois, Indi-
ana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin and in-
cludes coverage of the Great Lakes basin.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Noise pol-
lution, Periodicals, Industrial wastes, Natural gas,
Sewers, Electromagnetic interference, Smog, Bi-
phenyl, Hazardous wastes, Acid precipitation, Mid-
western Region(United States).
PB81-111445 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Source Category Survey: Refractory Industry.
Final rept,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. S. Jennings, and A. H. Laube. Mar 80,116p EPA-
450/3-80-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This report documents a study assessing the need for
new source performance standards (NSPS) for the re-
fractory industry. The Industry is examined with re-
spect to products product uses, plant distribution, and
growth potential. Emission sources and species are
identified and emissions from these sources are quan-
tified. Present methods of air pollution control are ex-
amined along with their effectiveness. State regula-
tions applying to the Industry are summarized. Based
on the estimated industry growth in new sources and
the emission reduction possible through the use of
best demonstrated control, an estimateTs made of the
total emission reduction achievable through NSPS.
This estimate and other factors Indicate that develop-
ment of NSPS for the Industry Is not warranted.
Keywords: 'Refractories, 'Standards, 'Air pollution,
Assessments, Sources, State government, Manufac-
turing, Trends, Design criteria, Air pollution control,
Regulations, 'New source performance standards,
•Air pollution control, State implementation plans, Im-
plementation air pollution planning program.
PB81-111452 PC A09/MF A01
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 444.
Air Pollution Field Enforcement. Student Work-
book,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
Charles W. Gruber, and Pamela M. Giblin. Mar 80,
199pEPA-450/2-80-076
See also report dated Mar 80, PB81 -105991.
This document is part of an overall package of training
materials to be used in presenting the Air Pollution
Training Institute Course 444. The course Is designed
for governmental air pollution control personnel who
do field Inspection arid enforcement work. The work-
book contains printed materials needed to do class-
room exercises recording visible emission violations
and preparation of a notice of violation thereon; con-
ducting Inspections of Industrial facilities; preparation
of cases for prosecution In court and acting as a wit-
ness In a court case; and handling public complaints
about air pollution. Thla student workbook Is used In
conjunction with the Instructor's Guide PB81-114035
and the Student Manual PB81-105991.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Instructional materials.
•Law enforcement, Regulations, Field tests, Special-
ized training, Manuals, Students, Standards.
December 1983 967
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-111536 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Exposure to Pollutants from Domestic Combus-
tion Sources: A Preliminary Assessment. Final
rept. Aug 79-Feb 80,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT.
Edward T. Brookman, and Amnon Birenzvige. Apr 80,
51pEPA-600/7-80-OB4
Contract EPA-68-02-3115
The report gives results of a preliminary assessment of
exposure to pollutants from domestic combustion
sources, some of which emit airborne participate
matter (PM), CO, and polycyclic organic matter (POM)
near human receptors. Transient ambient concentra-
tions of these pollutants at the receptor (and the corre-
sponding time-averaged exposures) have been deter-
mined for the following domestic combustion sources:
lawn mowing, chain sawing, charcoal cooking, indoor
gas cooking, and indoor side-stream smoke. An exper-
imental test program utilizing personal monitoring
equipment was conducted to acquired data for the
lawn mower, chain saw, and charcoal grill sources. Lit-
erature data were used to assess the indoor sources
of gas cooking and side-stream smoke. Transient am-
bient concentrations of total suspended paniculate
(TSP) matter encountered were as high as 35 times
the 24 hour secondary ambient air quality standard of
150 micrograms/cu m for TSP. However, large quan-
tles on noncombustion-related PM on the filters (e.g.,
grass particles, sawdust), concurrent lower values of
ambient CO relative to ambient air quality CO stand-
ards, and the absence of detectable POM indicate that
these sources probably do not result in exposures to
combustion-generated pollutants that are relatively
significant.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Assessments, Particles,
Sources, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Stoves, Cooking de-
vices, Saws, Exposures, Field tests. Carbon monoxide,
*Air pollution effects(Humans), Indoor air pollution,
Lawn mowers.
PB81-111585 PCA12/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Statistical Study of Coal Sulfur Variability and
Related Factors. Final rept.,
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
George R. Warholic, John E. Morton, Yimin Ngan,
James E. Spearman, and Yvonne Harris. May 80,265p
EPA-450/5-80-008A
Contract EPA-68-02-2592
See also PB81-111593.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Coal analysis data ad power plant continuous monitor-
ing data were gathered, reviewed and analyzed to
assess the impact of fuel coal characteristics on com-
pliance strategies and emission regulations. Coal anal-
ysis data, on a raw and washed basis, were analyzed
by individual mine, composite coal seams and USBM
Producing Districts. The results indicated that compos-
ite coal seam or Producing District data cannot be
used to accurately predict sulfur variabilities for individ-
ual mines. Analyses indicated that the heat content
(Btu/lb) was best approximated by the normal distribu-
tion, which the sulfur content and pounds sulfur/
distribution which was slightly superior to the Tognor-
mal distribution. Analysis of available continuous moni-
toring data supported the inverse relationship between
coal sulfur variability and lot size, i.e., significant reduc-
tions in relative variability of emissions occur as the
averaging time increases. The continuous monitoring
data indicate that while FGD systems reduce mean
emission levels, the relative variabilities of outlet SO2
concentrations are substantially greater than those of
inlet SO2 concentrations. The various analyses of coal
sulfur variability identified no reliable method for coal
suppliers or consumers to predict variability which may
be critical for compliance by some coal-fired boilers to
existing sulfur emission-limiting regulations.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Coal, 'Sulfur, 'Statistical
analysis, Information systems, Regulations, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Monitoring, Methodolo-
gy, Sulfur dioxide, Electric power plants, Coal mines,
Air pollution control, Air pollution abatement.
PB81-111593 PCA12/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Statistical Study of Coal Sulfur Variability and
Related Factors - Documentation for the Coal
Sulfur Variability Data Base and Analytical Pro-
gram. Final rept.,
Foster Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
George R. Warholic, John E. Morton, Yimin Ngan,
James E. Spearman, and Yvonne Harris. May 80, 254p
EPA-450/5-80-008B
Contract EPA-68-02-2592
See also PB81-111585.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The report describes the data structure and the analyt-
ical program developed by Foster Associates, Inc. for
the EPA project 'A Statistical Study of Coal Sulfur Vari-
ability and Related Factors.' Its content and scope are
designed to convey basic and necessary information
about the data base and the computer program to
permit data processing personnel to perform modifica-
tions and improvements to satisfy specific needs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coal, 'Sulfur, 'Information
systems, 'Statistical analysis, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Air pollution control, Electric power
plants, Sampling, Computer programs, Fortran, Air pol-
lution abatement.
PB81-111783 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removing Potential Organic Carcinogens and
Precursors from Drinking Water. Volume II. Ap-
pendix B. Raw Data Tables. Final rept. 22 Jun 76-30
Jun 80,
Florida International Univ., Miami.
Paul R. Wood, Daniel F. Jackson, James A. Gervers,
Doris H. Waddell, and Louis Kaplan. Aug 80,244p
EPA-600/2-80-130B
Grant EPA-R-804521
Prepared in cooperation with Miami-Dade Water and
Sewer Authority, FL., and Dade County Dept. of Public
Health, Miami, FL See also Volume 1, PB81-107146.
Feasible and economical methodologies were needed
to remove existing organic contaminants-specifically,
four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichlorometh-
ane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform)-from
and prevent development of potential carcinogens in
the public water supplies in Dade County, Florida. A
four-phase study was designed to evaluate the effi-
ciency of three adsorbents in removing 19 individual
halogenated organics and trihalomethane precursors.
These adsorbents were XE-340-a carbonized poly-
meric macroreticular resin; IRS-904-a strong base ca-
tonic resin designed to remove large molecular weight
substances such as precursors from water; and granu-
lar activated carbon (GAC). Appendix A contains the
preliminary studies made of the bacterial profile of raw
and finished water and effluent from four GAC col-
umns from the Preston Water Treatment Plant. Raw
water organisms, which apparently can survive exist-
ing treatment plant processes, colonized the initially
bacteria-free GAC columns and released vast num-
bers of bacteria into the water flowing through the col-
umns. The development of bacterial growth in the GAC
columns interfered with backflushing the columns.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Adsorbents, Potable water, Florida, Activat-
ed carbon, Bacteria, Samples, Experimental design,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Dade
County(Florida), 'Methanes, XE-340 resin, IRS-904
resin, Granular activated carbon.
PB81-111809 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Atmospheric Benzene Emissions. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. M. Briggs, J. T. Bertke, and D. W. Augenstein. Aug
77, 208p 3264-A, EPA-450/3-77-029
Contract EPA-68-02-2515
All major potential sources of atmospheric benzene
emissions were reviewed and evaluated to develop a
comprehensive national inventory. Emission sources
are categorized as mobile, stationary and natural. Gas-
oline-powered motor vehicles represent by far the larg-
est overall source. The more diverse stationary
sources are categorized by production, consumption
and storage and transport. Maleic anhydride produc-
tion represents the largest known source in this cate-
gory. Available process control techniques are also
described and, whenever possible, the best control
technology for specific sources is identified. A project-
ed emission inventory for the base year 1985 has been
developed from available emission factor data and
market projections for all of the major source catego-
ries.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Air pollution, 'Sources, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
Trends, Evaporation, Inventories, Organic com-
pounds, Air pollution control, 'Air quality, Stationary
sources, Fugitive emissions, Biological processes,
Emission factors, Maleic anhydride.
PB81-111858 PCA03/MFA01
Thermal Analysis of the Manning S-4000 Portable
Wastewater Sampler,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncin-
nati, OH.
Philip C. L. Lin. Oct 80, 44p EPA-600/4-80-045
This study investigated the feasibility of mathematical-
ly designing a portable sampler with an ice compart-
ment for the preservation of samples collected in se-
quence automatically at about 4C for a 24-hour period
under certain environmental conditions, specifically
35C for both the ambient temperature and the sam-
ples. A Manning S-4000 sampler was selected in this
study. A mathematical model to simulate the sample
cooling process was developed and experimental
measurements on the sampler cooling system were
also conducted. The experimental results indicated
that about 80 to 96 percent of the cooling capacity of
the sampler was lost to the surroundings. A modified
cooling system is suggested in this report. The new
system has a cooling capacity to lower 24 500-ml sam-
ples to about 4C at a cycle time of 1 hour and a tem-
perature of 35C for both the surroundings and the ini-
tial samples over a 24-hour period.
Keywords: 'Automatic control equipment, 'Waste
water, 'Samplers, Cooling systems, Mathematical
models, Design, Temperature, Preserving, Heat trans-
fer, Feasibility, Portable equipment.
PB81-111866 PCA02/MFA01
Remote Sensing of Ozone Using an Infrared Dif-
ferential Absorption System. Technical rept. for
1978,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. L. Guagliardo, R. T. Thompson, Jr., D. H. Bundy, and
M. H. Wells. Nov 80,14p EPA-600/4-80-047
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Power Co., Las
Vegas, NV.
A prototype airborne downlooking infrared differential
absorption system using C02 TEA (transverse excited
atmospheric) lasers is described. The system uses two
wavelengths and topographic reflection to measure
the integrated column concentration of ozone be-
tween the laser source/receiver and a noncooperative
target. A comparison is made between ozone absorp-
tion coefficients measured with TEA lasers and values
reported from other sources. Ground tests utilized two
30-cm long ozone-filled test cells, one in each laser
path. A correlation was observed between measure-
ments of TEA laser pulses backscattered from a build-
ing and ultraviolet determination of ozone concentra-
tion in the cells.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution,
Infrared spectroscopy, Absorption spectra,
Concentration(Cpmposrtion), Monitoring, Laboratory
equipment, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Laser spectroscopy, *Air pollution detection.
PB81-111924 PCA14/MFA01
Passenger Car Fuel Economy: EPA and Road. A
Report to the Congress. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Dillard Murrell. Sep 80,306p* EPA-460/3-80-010
In accordance with the National Energy Conservation
Policy Act of 1978, Title IV, Part 1, section 404, this
report has two objectives. (1) To determine the degree
to which 'EPA MPG' figures used in fuel economy
labels and gas mileage guides provide realistic esti-
mates of average in-use fuel economy. (2) To provide
968 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
a technical basis for revising, as necessary, the label
and guide WPG figures to better agree with average in-
use fuel economy, and, further, to provide information
On the degree to which specific in-use fuel economy in-
fluences can cause departures from the standardized
'abel and guide fuel economy figures.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, * Fuel consumption, Exhaust
emissions, Sampling, Guidelines.
PB81-112062 PC A04/MF A01
Uflht Duty Truck Road Load Determination. Tech-
.
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn D. Thompson. Sep 76, S6p EPA-AA-LDTP-76-4
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The purpose of this study is to develop equations to
Predict the dynamometer adjustment forces appropri-
ate to simulate the on road experiences of light duty
trucks. To accomplish this, equations of road load
versus speed were obtained from a diverse class of
jJBht duty trucks. These data were then converted to
dynamometer adjustment forces appropriate to simu-
late the on road experience of a vehicle. (Portions of
this report are not legible)
Keywords: *Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel con-
sumption, Dynamometers, Performance evaluation,
Air pollution, Light duty vehicles.
PB81-112484 PC A07/MF A01
•n: Pesticide Registration Standard*.
3,O-TetrapropylDlthlopyrophosphate.
^Ironmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
grace of Noise Abatement and Control.
S«P 80, 146p EPA/OPP-80/500
The report contains a comprehensive statement of the
Agency's regulatory position on all pesticide products
containing the same active ingredient. It describes the
<«ta upon which the regulatory position is based, pro-
vides the rationale for the position and states the con-
onions which must be met to register a product under a
standard.
Keywords: "Standards, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Reg-
ulations, Ecology, Labeling, 'Aspon, Environmental
Persistence, Pesticide residues, 'Toxic substances,
' niopyrophosphoric acid/(propyl-ester).
£881-112618 PC AOS/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
glftee of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Recovery of Strait of Juan de Fuca Intertldal Habi-
jat Following Experimental Contamination with
Oil. Annual rept. no. 2, 1979-80,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
J- H. Vanderhorst, J. W. Blaylock, P. Wilkinson, M.
Wilkinson, and G. Fellingham. Jul 80, 86p EPA-600/7-
80-140
Sponsored In part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Seattle, WA. Environmental Re-
search Labs.
This is a second year interim report on the effects of
experimental oiling with Prudhoe Bay crude oil on re-
"•overy of intertidarinfauna and epifauna of the Strait of
Juan de Fuca, Washington State. It describes complet-
ed studies of the recovery of infauna as recovery rate
relates to the experimental oiling, site of study, type of
•ediment, tidal or vertical position on the beach,
season of study, and duration of recovery.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Animal ecology, 'Aquatic ani-
roals, 'Oil pollution, 'Juan de Fuca Strait, Recovery,
pediments, Experimental data, Substrates, Hydrocar-
bons, Concentration(Composltion), DensrMMass/
volume), Abundance, Crustacea, Mollusca, Worms,
Ocean tides, Height, Habitats, Water pollution
1 12626 PC A06/MF A01
Evaluation of Suspected Environmental Contami-
nation of the Hemlock, Michigan Area.
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
0, 77p EPA-905/4-80-009
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted an
investigation in the Hemlock, Michigan area to deter-
mine if a chemical contamination problem existed
there. This investigation was prompted by complaints
of human and animal health problems in that area,
which were alleged to be due to toxicants in aquifers
used for drinking water supplies. In this study approxi-
mately ninety samples, including water, soli, animal tis-
sues, and household dust samples, were analyzed for
a wide variety of parameters. Tests conducted on the
samples included arsenic, cadmium, lead, bromide,
chloride, PCBs, PBBs, pesticides, dioxin, and GC/MS
scans for organics. No evidence of a chemical con-
tamination problem in the Hemlock, Michigan area was
found.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, *Toxicity, 'Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Water supply, Potable water, Pesticides, Ar-
senic, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Biphenyl, Soils, Tlssues(Biology), Bloassay,
Bromine organic compounds,
ConcentrationfComposifion), Michigan, Polybrominat-
ed biphenyls, Blphenyl/bromo, Polychlonnated bl-
phenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Hemlock(Michlgan).
PB81-112534 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation of Air Monitoring Data,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
A. Carl Nelson, Jr., Dave W. Armentrout, and Ted R.
Johnson. Jun 80,135p EPA-600/4-80-030
Contract EPA-68-02-2722
Data validation refers to those activities performed
after the data have been obtained and thus serves as
a final screening of the data before they are used In a
decision making process. This report provides organi-
zations that are monitoring ambient air levels andsta-
tionary source emissions with a collection of data vali-
dation procedures and with criteria for selection of the
appropriate procedures for the particular application.
Both hypothetical and case studies, and several exam-
ples are given to illustrate the use of the procedures.
Statistical procedures and tables are in the appendi-
ces.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, 'Data
acquistion, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition),
Statistical analysis, Stationary sources, Procedures.
PB81-112682 PC AOS/MF A01
Pronamlde: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
15 Jan 79,88p* EPA/SPHD-80/68
The report is a preliminary risk assessment for Kerb
SOW. ft gives a preliminary examination of its use, en-
vironmental residues, and health effe^.j including toxi-
cology data. Limited information is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds. Herbicides,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxlclty, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Regulations, 'Kerb
SOW, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesls, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, Benzamide/N-(dimethyl-propynyl)-
dichloro.
PB81-112690 PC A03/MF A01
Endrln: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA,
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
12 Jul 76,28p* EPA/SPRD-80/37
The report Is a preliminary rtsK assessment for Endrln.
It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, environ-
mental residues, and health effects Including toxicol-
ogy data. Limited Information Is provided for exposure
and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are
provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, * Endrln, Oxygen organic compounds,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxlclty, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects. Regulations, 'Toxic sub-
stances. Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pol-
lutants, Mutagenesls, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB81-112716 PCA04/MFA01
Pronamlde: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
25 Oct 79,64p' EPA/SPRD-80/69
The report Is a preliminary risk assessment for Kerb
SOW. It gives a preliminary examination of Its use, en-
vironmental residues, and health effects Including toxi-
cology data. Limited information Is provided for expo-
sure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search
are provided.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds, Herbicides,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Toxlcity, Ex-
posure, Physiological effects, Regulations, "Kerb,
SOW, 'Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesls, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, Benzam!de/N-(dimethyl-propynyl)-
dichloro.
PB61-112757 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Manual for the Uee of Electrostatic Preclplta-
tors to Collect Fly Ash Particles. Final rept. Dec 78-
Feb 80,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL
Jack R. McDonald, and Alan H. Dean. May 80,785p*
SORI-EAS-80-066,3540-7, EPA-600/8-80-025
Contract EPA-68-02-2114
The report incorporates the results of many studies
Into a manual oriented toward the collection of fly ash
particles (produced by the combustion of pulverized
coal) by electrostatic precipitation (ESP). It presents
concepts, measurement techniques, factors Influenc-
ing ESP performance, data and data analysis from a
practical standpoint. Extensive use of data from full-
size ESPs should familiarize the user with what to
expect in actual field operation. The manual covers
fundamentals of ESP, mechanical and electrical com-
ponents of ESPs, factors influencing ESP perform-
ance, measurement of Important parameters, advan-
tages and disadvantages of cold-side, hot-side, and
flue-gas-conditloned ESPs, safety aspects, mainte-
nance, troubleshooting, the use of a computer model
for ESP, and features of a well-equipped ESP. Studies
considered In this report include those, by various Indi-
viduals and organizations, on comprehensive perform-
ance evaluations of full-scale ESPs, In situ and labora-
tory measurement of fly ash resistivity, rapping reen-
tralnment, evaluations of the effects of flue gas condi-
tioning agents on ESP performance, fundamental op-
eration of hot-side ESPs, basic laboratory experi-
ments, and development of a mathematical model of
ESP. Information from these studies can be used by
power plant personnel to select, size, maintain, and
troubleshoot ESPs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipttators, 'Fly ash, 'Manuals, 'Electric
power plants, Particles, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particle size distribution.
PB81-112849 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Report of the Interageney Ad Hoc Work Qroup for
the Chemical Waste Incinerator Ship Program.
Final rept.
Maritime Administration, Washington, DC.
Sep 80,27Sp' MA-SC-700-81022
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Coast Guard, Washington,
DC.
and National Bureau of Standards, Washington,
The United States Is faced with a serious and massive
hazardous materials disposal problem. The public
health and the nation's environment are being threat-
ened by the accumulation of uncontrolled, ever In-
creasing volumes of hazardous waste. Incineration at
sea aboard specially designed or modified ships has
been demonstrated to be a safe, effective, and envi-
ronmentally acceptable means for the destruction of
liquid hazardous organic chemical wastes. The Inter-
agency Ad Hoc Work Group for the Chemical Waste
Incinerator Ship Program was established In February
1980 to conduct a study of at-sea Incineration technol-
ogy and to examine various alternatives available to
trie Federal Government leading to the design, con-
December 1983 969
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
structlon, and operation of the findings of the Inter-
agency Ad Hoc Work Group for the Chemical Waste
Incinerator Ship Program.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators,
'Ships, Technology, Safety, Design criteria, Equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, "Liquid wastes, Inter-
agency Chemical Waste Incinerator Ship Program.
PB81-112864 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Operation and Maintenance Factors
Limiting Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Performance. Phase II. Final rept. Oct 77-Apr 79,
M and I. Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Bob A. Hegg, Kerwin L. Rakness, James R. Schultz,
and Larry 6. DeMers. Aug 80,171 p EPA-600/2-80-
129
Contract EPA-68-03-2572
See also Phase 1, PB-300 331.
Many of the country's wastewater treatment plants do
not meet design expectations and NPDES permit
standards. A research project was initialed to identify,
quantify and rank the causes of this poor performance
by comprehensive evaluations of 50 plants in nine
western states. The identified highest ranking causes
of limited plant performance reflect an inability of in-
plant personnel to optimize process control and the
performance of existing facilities. Deficiencies in
design features also ranked high. The performance of
each plant is typically limited by a unique combination
of problems which require individual identification and
elimination. The Composite Correction Program (CCP)
was introduced and demonstrated. This approach to
improving the performance of existing facilities was
conducted at selected facilities. Areas of special eval-
uation include aerator and clarifier design, sludge pro-
duction in activated sludge plants, aerobic digester op-
eration, reference materials used in treatment plants,
operator time and tasks before and after a CCP, and
the effects of toxic substances on well-operated treat-
ment facilities.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Performance evalua-
tion, Maintenance, Standards, Sites, Activated sludge
treatment, Clarifiers, Aeration, Aerobic processes.
PB81-112872 PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Physical Chemistry of Virus Adsorption and Deg-
radation on Inorganic Surfaces - Its Relation to
Wastewater Treatment. Final rept. Sep 76-Mar 78,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Applied Earth Sciences.
James P. Murray. Aug 80,80p EPA-600/2-80-134
GrantEPA-R-805016
The DLVO-Lifshitz theory of colloid stability is applied
to adsorption of poliovirus on oxide surfaces common
in soil and aquatic environments. Excellent agreement
was found between colloid stability theory and adsorp-
tion free energies calculated from mass-action princi-
ples. Colloid stability theory now provides an organized
frame of reference with which to understand virus ad-
sorption in the environment. On some surfaces, nota-
bly beta-Mn02, CuO, and Al metal, kinetic analysis of
data from multiple extractions and sedimentation anal-
ysis reveals that virus was actually degraded by ad-
sorption. A column experiment also indicated that Al
metal also effectively degraded virus in the presence
of secondary wastewater effluent. Potential applica-
tions to wastewater treatment are suggested.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Adsorption, "Viruses,
"Surface chemistry, Water treatment, Soils, Thermo-
dynamics, Equations of state, Degradation, Reaction
kinetics, Laboratory equipment, Potable water, Alumi-
num, Copper oxides, Manganese oxides, Colloids, Sta-
bility, Numerical solution.
PB81-112880 PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources In a
Planned Community: Contributions of Refractory
Compounds by a Developing Community. Final
rept. Sep 73-Dec 76,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Biology.
F. M. Fisher. Aug 80,82p EPA-600/2-80-113
Grant EPA-802433
See also PB80-116205.
Water, soil and biotic components from a natural drain-
age system in the Woodlands, a developing communi-
ty in Texas, were assayed for halogenated com-
pounds. PCB's were highest during year one (about
350 ppb in soil and animal samples) and diminished to
1710 of those values during the second and third years
of study. The highest residue values were coincident
with the period of development when cut and fill oper-
ations, roadbed construction, and service installation
were being effected. Mirex and chlordane were found
in soil, water, and organisms from the drainage system
around the golf course. These were also observed
compounds in mosquitofish collected from the same
area. Both compounds entered lakes by storm water
arid/or washed in by returning irrigation water from the
golf course. Organisms from a stream which received
storm waters from the lakes contained less insecticide
than the golf course sampling.
Keywords: "Surface water runoff, Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Chlorohydrocarbons, Biphenyl, Chlorine
organic compounds, Lakes, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Insecticides, Concentration(Composition),
Soil analysis, Texas, Polychlorinated blphenyls, ChJor-
odan, Mirex, Houston(Texas).
PB81-112898 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of Photochemical Models. Volume III.
Recent Sensitivity Tests and other Applications
of the LIRAQ Model. Final rept.,
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
Ronald Y. Wada, M. Jane Wong, Eugene Y. Leone,
Lewis H. Robinson, and Rob E. DeMandel. Dec 79,
104pEPA-450/4-79-027
Contract EPA-68-02-3046
Prepared in cooperation with Bay Area Air Quality
Management District, San Francisco, CA., Lawrence
Livermore Lab., CA., and Systems Applications, Inc.,
San Rafael, CA. See also Volume 2, PBBO-227523.
A series of photochemical modeling experiments,
using the LIRAQ model applied to the San Francisco
Bay Area, was performed to investigate: (1) model
sensitivity to the spatial resolution of the gridded emis-
sions, (2) the impact of future HC and NO controls on
the future Bay Area NO2 levels, and (3) the future
impact of Bay Area HC and NO reductions on O3 in ad-
jacent downwind valleys. The emission resolution ex-
periments consisted of three simulations wherein
emissions were smoothed over (1) 5 x 5 km areas, (2)
10 x 10 km areas, and (3) distributed according to pop-
ulation. Changing from 5 km to 10 km resolution
changed the 03 maximum concentration by up to
10%. When emissions were distributed proportional to
population substantial changes occurred in the timing
and magnitude of the O3 maxima. The short-term NO2
experiments consisted of simulating O3 and NO2
fields under meteorological conditions favoring high
N02 buildups. Sensitivity runs were made which sug-
gest that HC control is the most effective strategy for
both 03 and NO2. The long range transport experi-
ments consisted of modifying LIRAQ to simulate an ex-
panded 160 x 160 km region that included portions of
the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys as a 'recep-
tor' region. The results showed that for the prototype
day used, downwind 03 was more strongly influenced
by initial and boundary conditions than by Bay Area
emissions changes.
Keywords: "Mathematical modeling, "Hydrocarbons,
"Nitrogen oxides, "Ozone, "Air pollution control, Fore-
casting, San Francisco Bay, Transport properties, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Assessments, Photochemistry, "Air quality.
PB81-113003 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Addendum to: 'Environmental Assessment:
Source Test and Evaluation Report-Chapman
Low-Btu Gasification1. Final rept. Mar 79-Sep 80,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. Scott Lewis, and G. C. Page. Nov 80,100p EPA-
600/7-80-178,, IERL-RTP-1111
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB-289 940.
The report contains detailed organic analysis data on
six streams, trace element and organic data on the
solid waste leachates, and trace element data on the
feed coal, all of which were not included in the original
report, (PB-249 940). Samples from six streams were
analyzed to provide a detailed organic characterization
of emissions and potential fugitive emissions form an
operating Chapman low-Btu gasifer using Virginia bitu-
minous coal, the streams were: coal feeder vent dis-
charge, separator vent discharge, separator liquor,
separator tar, gasifier ash, and cyclone dust. All
streams except the ash and dust contained organic
compound concentrations of concern to health when
evaluated using SAM/IA methodology. Phenols in the
separator vent discharges and liquor and fused polycy-
clics in the coal feeder vent discharge and the separa-
tor tar were of greatest concern. When compared to
screening data, potential effects were lower, but rela-
tive ranking of streams was essentially unchanged.
The ash and dust were subjected to leachate extrac-
tion tests using the RCRA method and deionized
water. No organics were found in the leachates. Con-
centrations of trace elements in the RCRA and deion-
ized water leachates were different, but were found to
have low potential for causing adverse health or eco-
logical effects.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Water pollution con-
trol, "Coal gasification, Leaching, Trace elements, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Assessments,
Sources, Sampling, Organic compounds, Chemical
analysis, Gas analysis, Water analysis,
Concentration(Composition), "Chapman process,
"Solid wastes, Fugitive emissions. Low btu gas.
PB81-113045 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Predicting Cattle Feedlot Runoff and Retention
Basin Quality. Final rept. 1 Oct 77-30 Sep 79,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural En-
gineering.
J, Ronald Miner, James K, Koelliker, and Marshall J.
English. Nov 80, 207p EPA-600/2-80-192
Grant EPA-R-805499
A procedure was devised to predict the quantity and
quality of cattle feedlot runoff entering a runoff reten-
tion basin whenever precipitation occurs in excess of
the surface holding capacity of the lot or whenever ac-
cumulated snow would melt. These predictions are
based upon size and location of the feedlot, previous
conditions, and daily climate data. Runoff retention
basin liquid content and quality are predicted on a daily
basis. The model considers inputs and outputs as well
as chemical and biological changes which are occur-
ring on a continuous basis. The quality parameters
which are predicted on a daily basis include: chemical
oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia ni-
trogen, total phosphorus, total solids, fixed dissolved
solids, total coliforms, fecal conforms and fecal strep-
tococcus. A cattle feedlot in Illinois was sampled inten-
sively to adjust the various coefficients of the predic-
tive tool.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, "Runoff, "Waste dis-
posal, "Water pollution control, Cattle, Mathematical
models, Diurnal variations, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Lagoons(Ponds),
Coliform bacteria, Ammonia, Losses, Sprinkler irriga-
tion, Evaporation, Computer program, Illinois, Feedlot
wastes, ROM computer program.
PB81-113052 PCA09/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: EPA/Industry Forum on Coal Lique-
faction Held at Chicago, Illinois on October 23 and
24,1979,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Dorothy G. Weatherby. Sep 80,179p HIT-C1005/402-
80-938, EPA-600/9-80-054,, IERL-RTP-1112
Contract EPA-68-02-3147
The proceedings document presentations made at the
EPA/Industry Forum on Coal Liquefaction, October 23
and 24,1979, in Chicago. The forum brought together
representatives of government and industry with the
goal of sharing information and increasing cooperation
Between the two groups. Following an overview of
EPA's activities in the area of synthetic fuels, stand-
ards-setting procedures, activities, and plans relating
to coal liquefaction were discussed for air emissions,
solid wastes, and liquid effluents. EPA permit proce-
dures were summarized for coal liquefaction plants.
EPA's research and development activities in coal liq-
uefaction were described, as were plans and activities
of EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laborato-
970 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ry (RTP) in coal liquefaction. State government partici-
pation in coal liquefaction development was discussed
for Kentucky and Illinois. Industry plans in the area of
coal liquefaction were presented by representatives of
several firms actively involved in development and use
of the technology: Exxon Research and Engineering
Co., Ralph M. Parsons Co., Hydrocarbon Research,
Inc., Mobil Research and Development Corp., Texas
Eastern Corp., and Fluor Corp.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Coal liquefaction, Solid wastes.
PB81-113193 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Economic/Financial Analysis of Urban Water
Quality Management Problems. Final rept. Jun 75-
Apr 79,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
James P. Heaney. Oct 80, 227p EPA-600/2-80-187
Grant EPA-R-802411
Procedures for evaluating the technical, economic,
and financial aspects of urban water quality manage-
ment planning problems are presented. Accepted prin-
ciples of benefit-cost analysis are used to conduct the
economic analysis. Benefits are measured as the re-
duction in damages as controls are employed. A case
by case procedure for examining wet-weather impacts
is recommended. Production functions which provide a
summary characterization of the performance of the
control units, are presented for a relatively wide variety
of control options. The economic optimization proce-
dures utilize the production functions along with asso-
ciated cost data to find the most cost-effective solu-
tion. The financial analysis combines existing proce-
dures with new concepts from N person game theory
to provide improved methods for solving this important
problem. Several case studies are presented to illus-
trate the procedure.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Water pollution con-
jfol. 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban areas, Runoff, Com-
bined sewers, Mathematical models, Weather, Optimi-
sation, Financing, Water storage,
Demand(Economics), Game theory. Allocations.
£881-113417 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Alternatives for Hazardous Waste Management In
the Petroleum Refining Industry,
Jacobs Engineering Co., Pasadena, CA.
«• Krishnan, and R. Hlavin. 1979, 245p EPA/530/SW-
I f 2G
Contract EPA-68-01-4167
The overall objective of this study was to assess the al-
ternatives to land disposal for treatment and disposal
°< potentially hazardous wastes generated by petrole-
um refining industry. The aim of this project was to
'"entity promising resource recovery and detoxification
oriented treatment techniques which are applicable to
U-lfi86 wastes- This study provides information on fea-
sible alternatives to current inadequate disposal meth-
ods.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Oil recovery, 'Materi-
als recovery, 'Reclamation, Sludges, Petroleum refin-
"|8. Cost analysis, Cost estimates, Solid waste dispos-
al, Industries, 'Petroleum refining industry.
13425 PC A08/MF A01
"municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
«H. Wastewater Research Div.
Infects of Water Conservation Induced
<*Mtewater Flow Reduction: A Perspective. Final
W- Oct 78-May 80,
California State Dept. of Water Resources, Sacramen-
Jjmmy S. Koyasako. Aug 80, 1 73p EPA-600/2-80-1 37
^rrtract EPA-R-806262
Tljia study examines the effects of indoor water con-
servation induced wastewater flow reduction in select-
!° areas in California. The effects are quantified in
?°onomlc terms by viewing the net economic gain to a
"VPothetical community which characterizes average
««ewide conditions. In addition, the major benefits
"id costs of indoor water conservation and a perspec-
tive of their relative values are presented. Various mu-
nicipal wastewater dischargers that experienced
actual flow reduction during the 1976-77 drought in
California provided data on the operation of their col-
lection and treatment systems prior to, during, and
after the drought.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Water reclamation,
'Water quality, 'Municipalities, Waste water reuse,
Flow rate, Requirements, Odor control, Sewage treat-
ment, Cost analysis. Savings, Droughts, California, Re-
cycling, 'Domestic water.
PB81-113581 PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hindrance of Conform Recovery by Turbidity and
Non-Collforms. Final rept. 13 Mar 77-15 Aug 79,
Delaware Univ., Newark. School of Life and Health
Sciences.
Diane S. Herson, and Hugo T. Vlctoreen. Aug 80,79p
EPA-600/2-80-097
Grant EPA-R-805102
Prepared in cooperation with Wilmington Water Dept.,
Delaware.
The objectives of this project were to evaluate the re-
coverability of conforms from waters which have: (1)
High populations of non-coliform organisms, and (2)
high levels of turbidity due to natural mineral turbidity,
hydrated oxides and organic debris. After initial isola-
tion and identification of conforms and non-coliforms
from raw and distribution water interactions between
these two groups of organisms were studied. The out-
come of the interaction was found to be dependent
upon numerous factors. These included: the specific
non-coliform, the number of each type of organism, the
nutrient environment in which the interaction occurred,
the physiological status of the interacting organisms
and the type of media used to recover the conforms.
Turbidity augmentation and reduction experiments
were done to distinguish non-bacterial turbidity inhibi-
tion of coliforms from the inhibition caused by other
bacteria. The more serious inhibition to coliform detec-
tion seemed to be caused by the large populations of
non-collforms which exceeded the resident conforms
in water mains by factors of 100 to 100,000. Turbidity
per se was not an impediment to coliform growth, but it
did make it more difficult to recognize coliforms on
membrane filters. These results will be of interest to in-
dividuals concerned with water quality and interpreta-
tion of microbiological data.
Keywords: 'Coliform bacteria, 'Potable water, 'Tur-
bidity, Brandywine River, Escherichia coli, Flavobac-
terium, Inhibition, Microorganisms, Interactions,
Oxides, Evaluation, Water quality, Minerals, Isolation,
Identifying, 'Water pollution control, Acinetobacter,
Arthrobacter.
PBS 1-113599 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
POM (Polyoycllc Organic Matter) Source and Am-
bient Concentration Data: Review and Analysis.
Final rept. Sep 78-Jan 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. White, and R. R. Vanderslice. Mar 80,147p EPA-
600/7-80-044
Contract EPA-68-02-2612
The report gives results of an analysis of source and
ambient concentration data for polycyclic organic
matter (POM). Based on the literature reviewed, POM
data were summarized and the sampling and analytical
techniques were critiqued and evaluated against state-
of-the-art technology. The objective was to determine
the scientific and engineering credibility of a previously
established POM data base by an evaluation of the
sampling and analytical techniques employed. (POM is
an unregulated class of pollutants which la a potential
candidate for regulatory action as outlined in Section
122a of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977). It was
concluded that sampling techniques contain uncer-
tainties that limit the usefulness of these data in an en-
vironmental assessment of POM. The uncertainties in-
clude the possibility of the incomplete capture of POM
during emission sampling, the chemical degradation of
the collected sample during both emission source and
ambient sampling, and the unproven reliability of
benzo(a)pyrene as an indicator of total POM from
emission sources or in ambient media. The uncertain-
ties may be compounded by losses during analysis.
Also, since It \s not feasible to quantify all the POM
which may be present in an environmental sample, the
number of POMs reported will reflect the scope of the
analytical strategy and the limitations of the analytical
technique employed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Polycyclic compounds, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sources,
Technology, Chemical analysis, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Reviews, Path of pollutants, State of
the art.
PB81-113615 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Combus-
tion. Part III. The Water Quality of Rosebud Creek,
Montana. Final rept.,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab. •
R. K. Skogerboe, M. M. Miller, D. L. Dick, R. V.
Thurston, and R. C. Russo. Jul 80,70p EPA-600/3-80-
071
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also Part 2, PB-291 211. Prepared in cooperation
with Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
The results of a study on Rosebud Creek, Montana,
designed to assess the impacts on water quality of sur-
face coal mining and/or coal combustion at Oolstrip
are summarized herein. A general degradation of
water quality has been observed along the stream
course but direct impacts of groundwater from the
mine areas have not been demonstrated. Influxes of
arsenic, mercury, selenium, and polynuclear aromatic
compounds during snowmelt periods have been linked
by analyses of snow samples to their accumulation in
snowfall via scavenging of the power plume and sub-
sequent delivery to the stream via surface runoff. Al-
though this contaminant transfer route may prove
highly significant, it is emphasized that this will depend
on site specific conditions.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Water pollution, 'Rosebud
Creek, Environmental impacts, Assessments, Degra-
dation, Arsenic, Mercury(Metal), Selenium, Trace ele-
ments, Electric power plants, Runoff, Graphs(Charts),
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Montana, Coal
combustion.
PB81-113870 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Decomposition of Residential and Light Commer-
cial Solid Waste In Test Lyslmeters. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
Robert K. Ham. Oct 80,113p EPA/530/SW-190C
Contract EPA-68-03-0315
The monitoring of eight large test lysimeter cells has
given information about the decomposition of, and
feachate anc) gas production from, shredded and un-
processed refuse. Six of the cells were originally 4 to 5
feet deep and held 100 tons each of residential-light
commercial municipal solid waste. Two cells were
originally 8 to 10 feet deep and held 200 tons each. All
cells were exposed to the climate at Madison, Wiscon-
sin, for 5 to 7 years. Cell monitoring was designed to
indicate changes in leachate quantify and composition
and gas composition, as a result of: (1) shredding or
not shredding the waste, (2) covering or not covering
the waste with soil, (3) increasing the depth of a lift
from 4 to 8 feet, and (4) building an 8-foot layer In a
landfill in one or two lifts. Increased peak concentra-
tions of contaminants in leachate were common with
shredded refuse, in comparison with unprocessed
refuse. The effect of soil cover on the cells was to pro-
long the period of production of leachate high in con-
taminant concentrations. The cells left uncovered pro-
duced initially a highly contaminated leachate, fol-
lowed by rapid stabilization to consistently low concen-
trations of contaminants.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Decom-
position, 'Lysimeters, 'Refuse disposal, Design crite-
ria, Monitoring, Leaching, Waste balance,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Chemical oxygen
demand.
December 1983 971
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-113904
PC A10/MF A01
Beverage Can Surface Coating Industry - Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards. Draft
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Don R. Goodwin. Sep 80,225p' EPA-450/3-80-036A
Standards of Performance for the control ol emissions
from the beverage can surface coating industry are
being proposed under the authority of section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to all
beverage can surface coating lines for which construc-
tion of modification began on or after the date of pro-
posal of the regulations. This document contains back-
ground information and environmental and economic
assessments of the regulatory alternatives considered
In developing the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Coatings, "Cans, "Standards, *Air pollu-
tion, 'Organic compounds, Regulations, Industial
wastes, Assessments, Economics, Substitutes, Air
pollution control, Design criteria, Revisions, Environ-
mental impacts, Water pollution, State government,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Air pollution
abatement, Solid wastes, Volatile organic compounds.
PB81-113912 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Source Category Survey: Ammonia Manufacturing
Industry. Final rept.
TRW Energy Systems Group, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Aug 80,61 p* EPA-450/3-80-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3063
The report described the ammonia manufacturing in-
dustry, the process, emission sources, and available
control technology. The domestic ammonia manufac-
turing industry is entering a sustained period of no
growth in production capacity. While there will be an in-
crease in demand for ammonia, particularly in the form
of nitrogen fertilizers, the domestic industry has suffi-
cient excess capacity to meet demands at least
through 1985. In 1979 a total of 101 synthetic ammo-
nia plants with a rated production capacity of 22.5 Tg
(24.8 x 10 to the 16 power tons), or 73 percent of ca-
pacity. Approximately 75 percent of the ammonia pro-
duced in the United States is used as fertilizer, the re-
maining ammonia is used as a raw material in the man-
ufacture of polymeric resins, explosives, nitric acid,
and other products.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Chemical industry, 'Stand-
ards, 'Air pollution, Manufacturing, Sources, Surveys,
Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Combustion prod-
ucts, Fertilizers, Air pollution control.
PB81-113920 PCA03/MFA01
Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating
Operations-Background Information (or Promul-
gated Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Sep 80,35p EPA/450-3-79-030B
See also report dated Sep 79, PB80-123540.
This document contains a summary of public com-
ments, EPA responses, and a discussion of differ-
ences between the proposed and promulgated stand-
ards of performance to control volatile organic com-
pounds (VOC) emissions from new, modified, and re-
constructed automobile and light-duty truck surface
coating operations in the U.S. The standards are being
promulgated under Section III of the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Coating processes, 'Air pollution control,
Trucks, Automobile industry, Standards, Organic com-
pounds, Volatility, Coatings, Economic impact. Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'Light duty vehicles.
PB81-113938 PC A18/MF A01
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 80,406p EPA-450/3-80-007A
Standards of performance to control emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from new, modified,
and reconstructed metal furniture surface coating fa-
cilities are being proposed under Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. This document contains information on
the background and authority, regulatory alternatives
considered, and environmental and economic impacts
of the regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Furniture, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Standards, Industrial wastes, Regulations,
Substitutes, Economic impact, Cost analysis, Revi-
sions, Air pollution control equipment, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, *Air pollution abatement,
'Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB81-113946 PCA07/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed for SOx Control.
Volume I. Process Evaluation Studies. Final rept.
Jul 75-Oct 79,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
D. L. Keairns, W. G. Vaux, N. H. Ulerich, E. J. Vidt, and
R. A. Newby. Dec 79,149p EPA-600/7-79-158A
Contract EPA-68-02-2142
See also Volume 2, PB80-225071.
The report describes selected process evaluation
studies supporting the development of an atmospher-
ic-pressure, fluidized-bed, chemically active gasifica-
tion process, using a regenerative limestone sulfur sor-
bent to produce low- to intermediate-Btu fuel gas.
Limestone sorbent selection and attrition, alternative
metal oxide sorbents, particulate control, fuel supply,
and an updated process assessment are investigated.
Limestone sorbent selection results are presented for
the EPA-sponsored CAFB demonstration plant. Sor-
bent attrition and economics are the main criteria as
most limestone are not limited by sulfur removal. Trace
element, regeneration, and disposal characteristics
should be considered. Feasibility tests of air oxidation
for disposal of gasifier solids for once-through oper-
ation show up to 70% conversion of the CaS. Methods
for improving performance are identified. A procedure
was developed to measure the attrition tendency of
the sorbent selected. Brownwood limestone has inter-
mediate attrition resistance showing 5.4% mass loss
by attrition for this test, compared with three reference
stones ranging from 0.5 to 9.1%. Sixteen alternative
metal oxide sulfur sorbents that could reduce the envi-
ronmental impact of solids disposal and may improve
process economics were screened. CaO/CaO3, ZnO,
and FeO are sorbents identified for further study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, Fluid-
ized bed processing, Coal gasification, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Calcium oxides, Parti-
cles, Sorbents, 'Chemically active fluid bed.
PB81-113953 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cost Benefits Associated with the Use of Phys-
ically Cleaned Coal. Final rept. May 78-Nov 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Dallas, TX.
G. A. Isa cs, R. A. Ressl, and P. W. Spaite. May 80,
127pEPA-600/7-80-105
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
The report identifies and quantifies several benefits as-
sociated with the use of physically cleaned coal in the
operation of utility electric power plants. The benefits
occur in: coal and ash handling, boiler operation, and
gas handling and cleaning. Cleaning removes sulfur
from the coal, thus reducing the emission of SO2 into
the atmosphere. In most cases, however, the power
plant must install supplemental control equipment to
reduce emissions enough for compliance with environ-
mental regulations. The cost of this supplemental
equipment is less than the cost of a control system for
use with uncleaned coal, but the cost decrement is
usually insufficient to offset coal cleaning costs. Typi-
cally, however, the total of all benefits addressed in the
report exceeds the cost of cleaning the coal. In a typi-
cal case, the cost of coal cleaning is $4.85 per ton of
cleaned coal; whereas, total benefits associated with
cleaning the coal are $7.20 per ton of cleaned coal.
The report recommends additional projects aimed at
quantifying coal cleaning benefits, and presents an an-
notated bibliography of related studies.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Benefit cost analysis,
'Electric power plants, Desulfurization, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide, Boilers,
Cost analysis, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Physical
treatment.
PB81-113961 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Abundance of Trace and Minor Elements In Or-
ganic and Mineral Fractions of Coal. Final rept. Nov
75-May 79,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
J. K. Kuhn, F. L. Fiene, R. A. Cahill, H. J. Gluskoter, and
N. F. Shimp. Jan 80, 75p* EPA-600/7-80-003
Contract EPA-68-02-2130
The report gives results of subjecting 27 U.S. coals to
float/sink, acid, and ion-exchange treatments. From
these treatments, coal fractions were obtained and
analyzed to determine the organic and mineral asso-
ciations of 45 elements. Of the elements studied, B,
Be, Br, Ge, and Sb were consistently classified organ-
ic; sulfide-forming elements (Zn, As, Cd, and Fe) were
classified inorganic; and others (e.g., Al, Ca, Ga, Ni, P,
Si, and Ti) were intermediate, or variable in their asso-
ciation. Three general observations were made; (1) the
total concentration of an element in coal is not indica-
tive of its concentration in the organic phase; (2) be-
cause concentrations vary widely, an accurate ap-
praisal of trace and minor element associations re-
quires that each coal be evaluated separately; and (3)
the highest concentrations of trace and minor ele-
ments in coal occur in the mineral matter. Despite evi-
dence that many elements exhibit some degree of or-
ganic association, most of the trace and minor ele-
ments in these coals were in a mineral form. Thus
many elements could be significantly reduced by phys-
ical cleaning. The degree of reduction depends on the
mineral, its size, and its distribution.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Chemical analysis, 'Trace ele-
ments, 'Minerals, Coal preparation, Organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Ions,
Air pollution, 'Air pollution abatement, Physical treat-
ment.
PB81-114035 PCA13/MFA01
APT! (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 444.
Air Pollution Field Enforcement Instructor's
Guide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
C. W. Gruber, and P. M. Giblin. Mar 80,288p EPA-450/
2-80-077
See also PB81-105991.
The Instructor's Guide for the Air Pollution Training In-
stitute Course 444 'Air Pollution Field Enforcement'
contains complete information for conducting a 3 1 /2
day training course. The Guide contains course objec-
tives, course agenda, information about past students,
examinations and answer keys and 19 lesson plans
with keys to visual aids. The training course is de-
signed for field inspectors responsible Tor enforcement
of air pollution regulations. It covers identification of air
pollution violations; gathering evidence for violation
abatement; conduct as a witness; handling public com-
plaints about air pollution; compliance testing; and the
other related subjects. The Instructor's Guide is used
in conjunction with a Student Manual PB81 -105991
and a Student Workbook PB81-111452.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Instructional materials,
'Law enforcement, Regulations, Standards, Special-
ized training, Manuals.
PB81-114043 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical and Biological Characterization of Lea-
chates from Coal Solid Wastes. Final rept. Sep 76-
Jun 79,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
R. A. Griffin, R. M. Schuller, J. J. Suloway, N. f. Shimp.
and W. F. Childers. Mar 80,112p EPA-600/7-80-039
Contract EPA-68-02-2130
The report gives results of the chemical and mineral-
ogical characterization of coal solid wastes. The
wastes included three Lurgi gasification ashes, mineral
residues from the SRC-1 and H-Coal liquefaction proc-
esses, two chars, two coal-cleaning residues, and a
fly-ash-and-water-quenched bottom ash (slag) from a
coal-fired power plant. Leachates generated from the
solid wastes at eight pH levels and under two different
gas atmospheres were analyzed for more than 40
chemical constituents. Thermodynamic speciatlon of
972 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inorganic tons and complexes In solution were mod-
eled The modeling demonstrated that similar mineral
phases controlled the aqueous solubility of the major
tonic species for all wastes. Adsorption and co-precipi-
tation of trace metals with iron, manganese, and alumi-
num oxides and hydroxides were thought to be the
likely controls on trace metal concentrations in the lea-
chates. A high degree of attenuation of the leachates
constitutes by soils was observed. Soil properties con-
trolled the degree of attenuation to a greater extent
{nan did the chemical concentrations of the leachates.
Results of acute 96-hour static bioassays using fat-
head minnows identified mortality as being caused by
the combined effect of pH and total ionic strength of
the leachate.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Coal preparation,
Leaching, Concentration(Composition), Industrial
wastes, Residues, Trace elements, Metals, Solubility,
Adsorption, Precipltation(Chemlstry), pH, Bioassays,
Solid wastes, "Coal liquefaction.
PB8M14100 PCA99/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
/he Emissions Inventory System/Point Source
U»«'s Guide,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Larry R. McMaster. May 80,824p EPA-450/4-80-10
Contract EPA-68-02-3011
When dealing with atmospheric pollution, it is neces-
Wry to amass, catalog, sort, evaluate and perform cal-
culations upon large volumes of data. The Emissions
inventory System/Point Source (EIS/PS) provides air
Pollution control agencies with the capability to create
and maintain their own data bases of point source data
and to retrieve data and generate reports from those
data bases. This report contains step by step proce-
dures for the operation of each program in the system.
Each program has sections containing a description,
•"e formats, options, error messages, catalogues JCL
(IBM), warnings and special instruction, cost consider-
ations, and related programs and procedures. The
|eport is structured along system functional lines; I.e.,
[lie creation and maintenance, data accessing and ma-
nipulation, and reports. There is also a section dealing
with inter-functional procedures and one which deals
with JCL and general topics. The EIS/PS is compatible
with NEDS and will automatically handle EPA reporting
requirements.
Bywords: 'Information systems, "Air pollution, "Pro-
gramming manuals, Computer programs, Inventories,
Point sources, Emission inventories, Procedures.
£881114191 PCA99/MFA01
juetltle C, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (RCRA). Final Environmental Impact
{Statement Part I. Final Draft.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
0"ioe of Solid Waste.
J980,789p EPA/530/SW-188C
*»ee also PB81-114209.
This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) examines
•ne potential impacts that could result both from pro-
"wgation of the baseline regulations and guidelines
•"o from five regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: "Environmental Impact statements-final,
hazardous materials, "Wastes, "Solid waste dispos-
S1: Health, Environmental impacts, Garbage, Refuse,
gewage sludge, Industrial wastes, Agricultural wastes,
Regulations, Guidelines, "Liguid waste disposal. Mine
1976 ' Re8ource Conservation and Recovery Act of
£681-114209 PCA99/MFA01
?*™tltle c, Resource Conservation and Recovery
H* of 1Q76 (RCRA). Final Environmental Impact
Statement Part I. Appendices. Final Draft,
swlronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
gfflce of Solid Waste.
own O'Boyle. Oct 80,1037p EPA/530/SW-189C
2*8 also PB81-114191. Prepared in cooperation with
M«re Corp., Springfield, VA.
IJj's study was designed to provide information on the
J^Jmulative Environmental Impacts resulting from the
'"VPIementation of Subtitle C of the Resource Conser-
*«ton and Recovery Act. Subtitle C of the Resource
^nservatlon and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) re-
quires the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) to develop cri-
teria that will identify hazardous wastes and promul-
gate standards that will regulate generators, transport-
ers, handlers, and disposers of hazardous wastes. The
preparation of this EIS was to assist EPA In (a) com-
paring trade-offs among alternative courses of action,
(b) promoting public understanding of Agency deci-
sions, (c) facilitating public participation in the decision
making process, and (d) identifying areas where addi-
tional information and data was needed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statement-final,
"Hazardous materials, "Wastes, "Solid waste dispos-
al, Garbage, Refuse, Sewage sludge, Industrial
wastes, Agricultural wastes, Environmental impacts,
Regulations, Guidelines, 'Liquid waste disposal, Mine
wastes, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976.
PB81-114217 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Ml.
Mathematical Models of Water Quality In Large
Lakes. Part 1: Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. Final
rept.,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
Ing and Science Program.
Dominic M. DiToro, and Walter F. Matystlk, Jr. Jul 80,
183pEPA-600/3-80-056
Grant EPA-R-803030
This research was undertaken to develop and apply a
mathematical model of the water quality In large lakes,
particularly Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay and Lake
Erie. A mathematical model of phytoplankton biomass
was developed which incorporates both phytoplankton
and zooplankton as well as phosphorus, nitrogen and
silica nutrient forms. Extensive water quality data for
Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay was analyzed and statis-
tically reduced. The model was then calibrated by
comparison of computed results to these data. An ex-
haustive treatment of the kinetics employed for model-
ing the eutrophication process Is presented.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Huron, "Saginaw
Bay, Mathematical models, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sili-
con dioxide, Reaction kinetics, Mortality, Seasonal
variations, Chlorophylls, Growth, Nitrification, Eutro-
phication, Organic loading.
PB81-114306 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollutants from Synthetic Fuels Production: Envi-
ronmental Evaluation of Coal Gasification Screen-
Ing Tests. Final rept. Aug 78-Jul 79,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. G. Nichols, J. G. Cleland, D. A. Green, P. O. Mixon,
and T. J. Hughes. Aug 79,152p EPA-6'"V7-79-202
Grant EPA-R-804979
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-287 730.
The report gives results of an environmental evalua-
tion of 38 screening test runs using a laboratory-scale,
fixed-bed coal gasmer to study pollutants generated
during the gasification of various coals. Pollutants
were identified and quantitative analyses performed
for tars, aqueous condensates, volatile organics, pri-
mary gases, and reactor residues. Tar partition frac-
tions were also generated and studied for each coal
providing distributions of insolubles, organic acids and
bases, polar and nonpolar neutrals, and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons. Showing the greatest poten-
tial for adverse health effects are: oxygen-containing
species and PNAs in the tars and aqueous conden-
sates; carbon monoxide, benzene, and hydrogen aul-
fide in the primary gas streams; and certain trace ele-
ments in the reactor residues. Bioassays of various
coal gasification effluents showed the crude tars and
selected tar fractions to have a potentially mutagenic
character.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, 'Gas analysis, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Organic compounds,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Benzene, Hydrogen sulfide, Chemical analysis, Trace
elements, Residues, Tars, Sampling, Public health,
Bioassay, "Air pollution detection.
PB81-114316 PCA03/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Case Study In the Use of Ambient Data for
Source Assessment. Final rept. May-Aug 79,
Research Corp. of New England, Wethersfield, CT.
Edward T. Brookman, and John E. Yocum. Apr 80,36p
EPA-600/7-80-080
Contract EPA-68-02-2615
The report is a case history for an environmental man-
agement study to determine what pollution sources
are the principal determinants of environmental quality
in Allegheny County, PA. The study was conducted for
the Allegheny County Health Department, Bureau of
Air Pollution Control, in Pittsburgh, PA. Results were
State Implementation Plan for achieving air quality
standards for total suspended paniculate matter
(TSP). Techniques used In this ambient-correlation
study include: (1) analysis of present air quality and
trends; (2) log-normal distributions; (3) relative fre-
quency of TSP levels; (4) monthly variations in TSP
levels; (5) weekday/weekend analysis; (6) wet-day/
dry-day analysis; (7) analysis of pollution roses; (8)
wind frequency analysis; (9) isopleth maps; (10) contri-
bution of steel plant emissions by modeling; and (11)
paniculate identification analysis. The report describes
the integrated application of these techniques to deter-
mine the background traditional and nontradltlonal
components of the ambient TSP levels. Study results
include estimates of the relative source strengths of
the participates, the relative impacts of the sources,
and the level of confidence of these results.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Management planning.
Sources, Air pollution, Assessments, Pennsylvania,
Sites, Sampling, Particles,
Concentratlon(Composition), 'Air quality, 'Allegheny
County(Pennsylvania).
PB81-114555 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Review.
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for
New Source Coal Gasification Facilities. Interim
rept. (Final),
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Robert N. Rickles, and D. Keith Whltenight. Aug 80,
108pEPA-130/6-80-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4157
This report provides guidance for evaluating the envi-
ronmental impacts of proposed new source coal gasifi-
cation facilities. Because EPA has not yet issued new
source performance standards for the coal gasification
industry, the guidelines are published in interim final
form. The guidelines are intended to assist in the iden-
tification of potential environmental impacts, and the
information requirements for evaluating such impacts,
in documents prepared under the National Environ-
mental Policy Act. The report includes guidance on (1)
identification of potential waetewater effluents, air
emissions and solid wastes from coal gasification fa-
cilities, (2) assessment of the impacts of such residu-
als on the quality of the environment, (3) state-of-the-
art technology for in-process and end-of-process con-
trol of waste streams, (4) evaluation of alternatives,
and (5) environmental regulations that apply to indus-
try. In addition, the guidelines include an 'overview1
chapter that gives a general description of the coal
gasification industry, significant problems associated
with It, and recent trends in location, raw materials,
processes, pollution control, and the demand for In-
dustry output.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Guidelines,' "Stand-
ards, 'Environmental impact, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, As-
sessments, Regulations, Trends, Design criteria,
Sources, Toxicity, Pollution control, Technology, Sites,
Solid wastes.
PB81-114571 PCA08/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Review.
Environmental Impact Guidelines for New Source
Leather Tanning and Finishing Industries,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Robert P. Stevens, and Don McCombs. Aug 80,169p
625-050, EPA-130/6-80-002
Contract EPA-68-01-4157
This document has been prepared in seven sections,
organized in a manner to facilitate analysis of the vari-
ous facets of the environmental review. The initial sec-
December 1983 973
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion includes a broad overview of the industry intended
to familiarize the audience with the processes, trends,
impacts and applicable pollution regulations common-
ly encountered in the leather tanning and finishing in-
dustry. Succeeding sections provide a comprehensive
identification and analysis of potential environmental
Impacts, pollution control technologies available to
meet federal standards, and siting and process alter-
natives. The document concludes with three sections:
a listing of federal regulations (other than pollution
control) which may apply to the new source applicant,
a glossary of terms pertaining to the leather tanning
and finishing industry, and a comprehensive listing of
references for further reading.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Guidelines,
'Leather, 'Tanning materials, Water pollution control,
Sources, Regulations, Water pollution, Standards,
Substitutes, Sites, Trends, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Air pollution control, Technology,
'Water pollution abatement, Solid wastes.
PB81-114597 PCA04/MFA01
Biological Processes Affecting the Distribution of
Pollutants In Marine Sediments. Part II. Blodeposl-
tlon and Bloturbatlon. Journal article.
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Lab., New-
port, OR. Marine Science Center.
Henry Lee, II, and Richard C. Swartz. 1960,53p EPA-
600/J-80-076
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v2 p555-606
1980.
Activities of benthic organisms modify the physical and
chemical nature of marine sediments. This chapter ex-
amines the rates and mechanisms of biodeposition
and bioturbation in relation to the fate and transfer of
pollutants. It constitutes the second part of a review on
biological processes affecting the distribution of pollut-
ants. The major emphasis in this review is on biological
alterations of sediments and their chemistry rather
than sediment effects on the biota. The report reviews
literature on organism-sediment interactions and com-
pile rates of various processes, emphasizing differ-
ences in the rates and mechanisms or sediment modi-
fication among groups of functionally similar species.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Marine biology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Substrates, Food chains, Invertebrates, Oysters,
Deposits, Interactions, Microorganisms, Organic com-
pounds, Polysaccharides, Reprints.
PB81-114613 PCA18/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Muskegon County Wastewater Management
System, Progress Report 1968 through 1975,
Muskegon County Board, Ml. Dept. of Public Works.
Y. A. Demiriian, D. R. Kendrick, M. L. Smith, and T. R.
Westman. FebBO, 402p EPA-905/2-80-004
Grant EPA-R-802457
The Muskegon County Wastewater Management
System is a lagoon-impoundment, spray irrigation
treatment facility which serves 13 municipalities and
five major industries. The system consist of a 4,455
hectare site (11,000 acre) site which contains three
aeration ponds, two storage lagoons totaling 688 hec-
tare (1700 acres) and 2,200 hectares (5,500 acres) of
land irrigated by center-pivot irrigation rigs. The system
is provided with a network of subsurface drains, open
Interception ditches and shallow walls to make possi-
ble the monitoring and control of the quality of water
throughout the treatment process. Studies on various
aspects of treatment performance, agricultural produc-
tivity, and the interrelationships of soil-crop-nutrient
chemistry are reported.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, Drains,
Lagoons(Ponds), Ditches, Water wells, Farm crops,
Production, Waste water, Water quality, Agricultural
engineering, Operations, Aeration, Pumping, Michigan,
Land application, 'Sewage irrigation, Muskegon
County(Mfchigan).
PB81-114878 MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The International Mussel Watch.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
May 80,265p ISBN-0-309-03040-4
Contract EPA-68-01 -2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 80-80896.
Microfiche copy only.
The report provides a 'state-of-the-art' evaluation of
the use of bivalves In marine monitoring. Its primary
audience will be those Investigators concerned with
costal zone management, but it will also be of value to
researchers in international programs examining near-
costal pollution and effects of ocean dumping.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Mussels, 'Water pollution,
'Meetings, 'Reviews, Indicator species,
Concentratiqn(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Sedi-
ments, Fossil fuels, Organic compounds, Monitoring,
Arsenic, Halohydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Histol-
ogy, Gas chromatography, Metals, Radioactive iso-
topes, Americium, 'Bioindicators, 'Mytilus edulis.
PB81-114910 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Implementation of Long-term Environmental Ra-
diation Standards: The Issue of Verification.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1979,76p ISBN-0-309-02879-5
Contract EPA-68-01-3931
Library of Congress catalog card no. 79-87667.
Microfiche copy only.
In response to a request from the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), the National Research
Council, through a Panel of the Committee on Radio-
active Waste Management, studied the problems of
verifying the satisfactory implementation of (i.e., com-
pliance with) environmental radiation standards for
deep geologic repositories for high-level radioactive
wastes. This report contains the major conclusions
and recommendations of the study. The report begins
with a summary of the Panel's major conclusions and
recommendations. Important background information
on radioactive wastes-thelr origin, the amounts pres-
ently in existence, and possible permanent disposal of
the wastes in deep geologic formations-is discussed
in Chapter 1. The potential risks posed by these
wastes is described in Chapter 2. The long-term envi-
ronmental radiation standards that EPA is required to
establish, and the feasibility and means of assuring
compliance with such standards are examined in
Chapter 3. The information that Is required for pur-
poses of assuring long-term compliance is described
in Chapter 4, ana the status and limitations of current
knowledge are examined in Chapter 5.
Keywords: Waste disposal, Radioactive wastes, Re-
quirements, Standards, Radiation hazards, Contain-
ment, Radiation protection, 'Radioactive waste man-
agement, Radioactive waste disposal, 'High-level ra-
dioactive wastes, 'Underground disposal, 'Environ-
ment protection, US NRC, Health hazards.
PB81-114926 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Regulating Pesticides.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1980,302p ISBN-0-309-02946-5
Contract EPA-68-01 -3962
Library of Congress catalog card no. 80-11103.
Microfiche copy only.
The report reviews the legislative and legal status of
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentieide
Act of 1947; recommends procedures for determining
the order in which pesticides are to be considered for
further analyses; scrutinizes the methods by which
risks to public health and the environment and eco-
nomic benefits are assessed by OPP, with special em-
phasis on the assessment of carcinogenic risk and the
benefits of agricultural pesticide use, and examines
the effects of alternative regulations on the risk-benefit
assessment. It also considers the generation of alter-
native regulatory options and the comparison of the ef-
fects of the alternative options studied as a function of
the administrative decision-making process and tests
the feasibility of the proposed recommendations
during a review of the pesticide chlorobenzilate by the
authoring committee.
Keywords; 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Legislation,
Risk, Assessments, Benefits, Evaluation, Public
health, Chlorine organic compound, Fungicides, Ro-
dentlcides, 'BenzTlic acld/chloro, Environmental
health, Health risks.
PB81-114969 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Controlling Airborne Particles.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Apr 80,136p ISBN-0-309-03035-8
Contract EPA-68-02-2890
Library of Congress catalog card no. 80-13769.
Microfiche copy only.
This report describes current knowledge about ambi-
ent concentrations of particles in the air, their sources,
and techniques for their control. Its purpose is to
assess the availability of technology for protecting the
population from potentially harmful exposures. The
contents are as follows: Introduction; Ambient parti-
cles and their measurement; Sources of atmospheric
particles; Control measures; Relationships between
emissions and air quality.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Meetings,
Forecasting, Sources, Exhaust emissions, Trends, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Monitoring,
Sampling, Fines, Concentration(Composition), "Air
quality, Fugitive emissions.
PB81-114977 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Long-Range Environmental Outlook. Proceedings
of a Workshop Held at Washington, DC. on No-
vember 14-16,1979.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
May 80,21 Op ISBN-0-309-03038-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 80-16190.
Microfiche copy only.
Responding to an often repeated Academy recom-
mendation suggesting development of anticipatory re-
search programs by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), the Office of Research and Develop-
ment requested that the Environmental Studies Board
conduct a workshop to address a long-range environ-
mental outlook. It was recognized at the outset that a
more narrow focus would be needed in order to plan a
useful meeting. Thus, four general areas were chosen
from among a wide range of potential topics. Task
groups were established to discuss future trends In
energy, agriculture, toxic substances, and hazards of
facility siting and the potential environmental problems
that may develop. The charge for each group was to
identify specific future problems, establish the priority
of importance and recommend research that would
assist EPA and other agencies in resolving these prob-
lems.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Fore-
casting, Trends, Environmental impacts, Agriculture,
Pesticides, Fertilizers, Technology, Nuclear power
plants, Sites, Industrial wastes, Energy research devel-
opment, Toxic substances, Land use.
PB81-114993 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Protection against Depletion of Stratospheric
Ozone by Chlorof luorocarbons.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commit-
tee on Impacts of Stratospheric Change.
Dec 79,408p ISBN-0-309-02947-3
Contract EPA-68-01-4607
Library of Congress catalog card no. 79-57247.
Microfiche copy only.
This report provides the most recent information avail-
able on the nature and extent of the danger posed by
depletion of stratospheric ozone and the available al-
ternatives for reducing ozone depletion by CFCs. The
report begins by pointing out what is known and not
known about the increases In stratospheric ozone
caused by the release of CFCs, the resultant increase
in damaging ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's
surface, and the consequences for plant and animal
life, human health, and world climate and food supply.
It then discusses steps that can be taken to control or
eliminate the release of CFCs due to human activity.
Areas of discussion focus on the feasibility, costs, and
impacts of various technological alternatives for reduc-
ing CFC emissions, as well as the regulatory or eco-
nomic-Incentive measures that would be required to
bring about these technological changes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Ozone, "Stratosphere,
•Chlorine organic compounds, 'Fluorine organic com-
pounds, Transport properties, Substitutes, Ecology,
974 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Public health, Cost analysis, Regulations, Feasibility,
Technology, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB81-115040 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking
Water Supply at Glen Cove, New York. Phase I,
Nebolslne Kohlmann Ruggiero Engineers, New York.
Opmlnick D. Ruggiero, and Robert Ausubel. Nov 80,
87pEPA-600/2-80-198
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of obtaining relevant design parameters and
capital and operating costs of both adsorption and aer-
ation techniques for the removal of specific organic
contaminants from the City of Glen Cove's drinking
water supply. Major contaminants present are trichlor-
oetnylene, tetrachloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethy-
lene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. A pilot plant was con-
ducted and operated by using water from one of the
cny s contaminated wells and treating a portion of It via
synthetic resin (Ambersorb XE-340) and diffused aer-
ation. Resin depths of one foot, two feet, and four feet
were used, and in most cases, virgin resin lowered the
concentration of all contaminants of concern to below
' mterogram/L. Steam regeneration of the exhausted
resin took place, but, although promising, the results
achieved in the laboratory by the resin manufacturer
could not be duplicated under pilot plant conditions.
Aeration tests were conducted at air to water ratios of
3":1, 20:1, 15:1 and 5:1 and 60-95 percent removals
were obtained.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Potable water, Design criteria, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Pilot plants,
Glen Cove(New York), Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/
'etrachloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethane/trichloro.
_.—1-115081 PCA04/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
Besting Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues. (Test Group No. 1). Technical
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
JJ- Anthony Ashby. 1979,68p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
See also PB81-115099.
2jty-one (51) privately owned in-use vehicles
equipped with three-way catalyst emission control sys-
™rri8 were recruited and tested. The tests conducted
an Idle Test, FTP, and HFET at the HTS facility. A
^agnostic check was performed on each vehicle prior
to being preconditioned for the FTP. Thirty four vehi-
cles with suspected EGR System malperformance
were recruited for Test Group No. 5.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Maintenance, Inspection, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Exhaust gases, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), Oregon.
PB81-11S107 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Testing Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues (Test Group Nos. 3, 4 and 7).
Technical rept.,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
H. Anthony Ashby. 1979,186p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
See also PB81-115099 and report dated Jul 79, PB80-
150907.
The tests were performed to gather vehicle emissions
data to evaluate deterioration effects of exhaust emis-
sions over short periods of time. The deterioration ef-
fects were determined by measuring the exhaust emis-
sions after Inspection and maintenance, measuring the
exhaust emissions after a specific time interval, and
comparing the results of the two test sequences. The
time Intervals selected were one month, two months,
and three months. To assist in determining the cause
of deterioration, vehicles that exhibited significant de-
terioration in exhaust emissions were adjusted to man-
ufacturers specifications, tested and then retested
after one month. The Intention of Test Group No. 7
was to evaluate the effects of mechanic training on
emission reductions achieved by motor vehicle inspec-
tion and maintenance (I/M) programs.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Inspection, Maintenance, Mainte-
nance personnel, Performance evaluation, Oregon,
Tables(Data).
PB81-116097 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Profile of Air Quality In Region V,
Envlrodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
Carlton Hamlln. 1 Jul 80,68p 1641-TASK-1, EPA-905/
9-80-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3178
Color Illustrations reproduced In black and white.
This document illustrates the attalnment/non-attain-
ment designations for the five criteria pollutants (sulfur
dioxide, total suspended participates, ozone, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen dioxide) for the "ates compris-
ing USEPA - Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Min-
nesota, Ohio and Wisconsin). The air quality designa-
tions detailed In these maps are based upon informa-
tion available as of July of 1980. For additional infor-
mation regarding current air quality data, legal and pro-
cedural requirements for attainment areas, etc., the
appropriate regional, state or local environmental
agencies should be contacted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Data), Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wiscon-
sin, Sites, 'Air quality data, 'EPA region 5.
PB81-116212 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Aircraft Nols* and the Community. Conference
Proceedings Held at University of California, Los
Angeles, California on September 21-22,1978,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
William C. Meecham. Sep 78,188p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX.
The report contains proceedings of a UCLA/EPA con-
ference held in Los Angeles on September 21-22,
1978. It covers health aspects of aircraft noise, airport
planning, noise at general aviation airports, police heli-
copter noise, aircraft/airport noise rating scales, Cali-
fornia State airport noise regulations, and political and
legal aspects of airport noise.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Aircraft noise, 'Noise pollu-
tion, 'Meetings, Physiological effects, Nolse(Sound),
Urban planning, Law(Jurisprudence).
PB81-116485 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, OC.
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume V. Manpower for Environ-
mental Pollution Control.
National Research Council, Washington, OC.
Aug 77,448p ISBN-0-309-02634-2
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-85200.
Microfiche copy only. Paper copy available from: Na-
tional Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution
Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC. 20418. PC $11.25.
The report endeavors to set guidelines for achieving a
well-coordinated environmental manpower program,
analyzing the best available data and interpreting the
relevant gaps in the body of knowledge in this field.
Appendixes to the main report supply information on
the legal aspects of EPA's role in developing environ-
mental personnel, on the methodology and analysis of
manpower data, and on current and future demands
for environmental manpower by federal, state, and
local governments and by industry and private sectors.
Keywords: 'Manpower, 'Environmental engineering,
Professional personnel, Pollution, Abatement, Re-
quirements, Education.
PB81-116493 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume II. Decision Making In the
Environmental Protection Agency.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Jul 77,262p ISBN-0-309-02627-X
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
See also Volume 1, PB-266 025. Library of Congress
catalog card no. 77-78394.
Microfiche copy only. Paper copy available from: Na-
tional Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution
Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC. 20418. PC $8.75
While examining current Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) decision-making processes, this report
also suggests ways in which the EPA can respond
more effectively to acquire and use scientific informa-
tion in solving the problems of pollution control. The
report recommends that the EPA state the objectives
of its decisions, identify alternatives, and analyze the
consequences of these alternatives; make use of the
wide range of scientific and engineering expertise that
exists outside the EPA; and take Into account the bar-
riers to the implementation of EPA regulations when
the regulations are formulated.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Decision making,
'Pollution, Problem solving, Data acquisition, Regula-
tions, Consultants.
PB81-116501 MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Volume VI. Implications of Envi-
ronmental Regulation* for Energy Production and
Consumption.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Aug 77,250p ISBN-0-309-02632-6
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-85279.
Microfiche copy only. Paper copy available from: Na-
tional Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave.,
N.W., Washington, DC. 20418. PC $8.25.
This report evaluates the energy, economic, and envi-
ronmental implications of selected controversial feder-
al environmental regulations-offshore oil and gas pro-
duction; automobile emissions; thermal water pollu-
tion; sulfur dioxide emissions from electric power
plants; as low as practicable radioactive emissions;
surface coal mining and the National Environmental
Policy Act; and prevention of significant deterioration
of air quality.
Keywords: Production, Fossil fuels, Uranium, Oil re-
covery, Thermal pollution, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Radiation hazards, Environmental Impacts, Eco-
nomic Impact, 'Pollution regulations, 'Energy sup-
December 1983 975
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plies, Energy shortages, Energy consumption, Air qual-
ity, National Environmental Policy Act.
PB81-116683 PC A02/MF A01
Disease Outbreaks Caused by Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Gunther F. Craun. 1980.7p EPA-600/J-80-160
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v52
n6p1833-1839 1980.
A review of the medical, scientific, and engineering lit-
erature for 1979 was conducted for disease outbreaks
caused by drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Diseases, Public health,
Reviews, Reprints, "Drinking water.
PB81-116808 PCA09/MFA01
Interim NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System) Compliance Blomonltorlng
Inspection Manual. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Oct79,177pEPA/MCD-62
This is one of several monitoring documents produced
by EPA to be used in assessing NPDES permit compli-
ance and monitoring the quality of waste water dis-
charges into the Nation's waters. This particular
manual provides guidance to instruct NPDES inspec-
tors in the proper use of those biomonitoring tech-
niques that have been officially recognized for EPA
use.
Keywords: *Monitoring, 'Water pollution control,
Manuals, Licenses, Toxicity, Waste water, Sewage dis-
posal, Microorganisms, Viruses, Test methods, Sam-
pling, Equipment, Chemical properties, Physical prop-
erties, Requirements.
PB81-116816 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Chemical Aids Manual for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
Nancy E. Heim, and Bruce E. Bums. Dec 79,199p*
EPA/430/9-79-018,, EPA-MO-25
Contract EPA-68-01-5085
The purpose of this manual is to assist wastewater
treatment plant operators in the proper use of com-
monly used chemicals in wastewater treatment proc-
esses. Emphasis has been placed on providing practi-
cal guidance on the use of chemicals to overcome
temporary operational problems or to upgrade per-
formance without extensive design work or plant modi-
fications. The manual specifically addresses: The use
of chemicals as a temporary aid in solving operational
problems; Selection of chemicals to be used in terms
of treatment efficiency, cost and other considerations;
Selecting points for injection of the chemicals; Deter-
mining proper chemical dosages; Sludge consider-
ations associated with chemical additions; Identifica-
tion of equipment for proper feeding and handling of
chemicals; General information on each chemical in-
cluding uses, available forms, commercial strength,
cost, safety consideratons, feeders, storage, handling
materials and major manufacturers.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatments, 'Manuals, Design cri-
tena, Equipment, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Ozonation, Materials handling, Utilization, Chemical
compounds, Safety, Cost analysis, Storage, 'Chemical
treatment, Sludge treatment.
PB81-116956 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Electrochemical Detection In Liquid Chromatogra-
phy: Application to Organometalllc Speclatlon.
Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
W. A. MacCrehan, R. A. Durst, and J. M. Bellama.
1977,14p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Analytical Letters 10, n14 p1175-1188 1977.
The development of a new technique for the measure-
ment of organometallic species is presented. It com-
bines the resolution of high performance liquid chro-
matography with sensitive electrochemical detection
used in a reductive mode. Past difficulties with this de-
tection system have been overcome including the
choice of a suitable working electrode and purification
of the solvent.
Keywords: 'Metal containing organic compounds,
'Electrochemistry, 'Chemical analysis, Performance
evaluation, Electrodes, Solvents, Reprints, 'High per-
formance liquid chromatography.
PB81-117038 PCA15/MFA01
Alaska Petrochemical Company Refinery and Pe-
trochemical Facility, Valdez, Alaska. Final environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Apr 80.349p EPA-910/9-79-064
Prepared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
The objective of this project is the issuance of a New
Source National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit for wastewater discharge
from the proposed Alaska Petrochemical Company
(ALPETCO). ALPETCO proposes to build a new refin-
ery and petrochemical facility to process 150 thousand
barrels per day of Alaskan North Slope crude oil to
supply the west coast petroleum fuels market. Other
facilities would include a products shipping dock, the
industrial wastewater treatment plant and an onsite
power plant.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
•Refineries, 'Petroleum industry, 'Industrial water, Pe-
troleum refining, Air pollution, water pollution, Ecology,
Oil pollution, Industrial wastes, Land use, Environmen-
tal impacts, Alaska, 'Alaska Petrochemical Company,
Valdez(Alaska).
PB81-117095 PCA10/MFA01
Reeder Reservoir Maintenance Operations. An
Element of the Rogue Valley Water Quality Man-
agement Plan. Final environmental Impact State-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Aug 80, 208p EPA-910/9-79-059
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
This environmental impact statement provides infor-
mation that assisted EPA and the public in making the
decision to approve the Reeder Reservoir element of
the Rogue Valley Council of Governments' Water
Management Plan. The document identifies problems
associated with the removal of accumulated debris
and sediment that flows into the reservoir, specifically
with sluicing as a method of removal by the City of
Ashland, Oregon. A major portion of the statement
deals with the impacts of viable alternatives to sluicing.
Details on the topography, geology, soils, climate and
hydrology of the Ashland watershed and the Bear
Creek Basin in Southwestern Oregon are given.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Water qualify management,
'Environmental impact statements-final, Removal,
Sediments, Refuse, Decision making, Sluice gates, To-
pography, Hydrogeology, Environmental Impacts,
Salmon, Turbidity, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Oxygen, Oregon, 'Reeder Reservoir,
Ashland(Oregon).
PB81-117145 PCA12/MFA01
Publication Rotogravure Printing - Background In-
formation for Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 80,259p EPA-450/3-80-031A
Standards of Performance for the control of emissions
from publication rotogravure printing presses are being
proposed under the authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply only to
presses printing saleable products and for which con-
struction or modification began on or after the date of
proposal of the regulation. This document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Graphic arts, 'Standards, 'Printing, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Air pollution, Regulations, Substi-
tutes, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Environmental Im-
pacts, Economic impact, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Water pollution, Sources, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB81-117236 PCA14/MFA01
Federal Activities In Toxic Substances. Toxics inte-
gration information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Judith Colle, Elaine Schosman, and Kathryn Slike. May
80,323p' EPA-560/13-80-015
There are nearly two dozen Federal statutes governing
toxic substances as well as a comparable number of
Federal agencies responsible for the research, regula-
tory, and advisory provisions of these various acts, ef-
fective integration of toxic substances activities re-
quires an awareness and comprehension of the many
Federal statutes involved as well as an understanding
of the organizational structure and relevant activities of
the agencies responsible for implementing these stat-
utes. This document is an outgrowth of the efforts on
the part of the staff of EPA's Office of Toxics Integra-
tion to develop the knowledge and expertise needed
to integrate and coordinate Federal toxic substances
regulatory activities. The scope of this first edition Is
limited to 17 offices located within 8 Federal agencies
or departments which have a primary role In the con-
trol of toxic substances. The information on each office
is divided into several sections. The first section de-
scribes the organization of the office and highlights
those divisions, branches, etc., which are concerned
with toxic substances. The second section summa-
rizes the statutory authority for the office and briefly ex-
plains those subsections of the statute which pertain
to toxics. The third section (for regulatory agencies
only) highlights the regulatory development process
followed by that agency. The final section briefly de-
scribes the various toxics-related programs and activi-
ties.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'National government, 'Gov-
ernment agencies, 'Toxic substances, 'Federal g°v'
ernment, Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Council on Environmental Quality, Department of Agri-
culture, Department of Health and Human Services,
Department of Labor, Department of Transportation,
Environmental Protection Agency, 'Health programs.
PB81-117251
see individual report for order number and
price
Ambient Water Quality Criteria. _
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Oct 80,64 issues
No abstract available.
PB81-117251
see individual report for order number and
price
Ambient Water Quality Criteria.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Oct 80,64 issues
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C.
1314(a)), requires EPA to publish and periodically
update water quality criteria. These criteria are to re-
flect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable
effects of pollutants on public tiealth and welfare,
aquatic life, and recreation. This report presents water
quality criteria for the titled chemical. It presents con-
centration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations
for humans, and in the case of suspect or proven car-
cinogens, gives various levels of incremental cancer
risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a qualita-
tive or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a
water constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which,
when not exceeded, will ensure a water quality suffi-
cient to protect a specified water use. Under the Act a
criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment, it does not reflect considerations
of economic or technological feasibility nor is it a water
quality standard and in itself has no regulatory effect.
Other individual documents are also available:
EPA-440/5-80-15. Acenaphthene. Oct 80, 49pPC
A03, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 782 PB81-
117269
976 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA-440/5-80-016, Aorolein. Oot 80,103p PC A06,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 788 PB81-
117277
EPA-440/5-80-017. Acrylonitrile. Oct 80,155p PC
A08, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 915 PB81-
117285
EPA-440/5-80-018. Benzene. Oct 80, 127p PC
A07, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 421 PB81-
117293
EPA-440/5-80-019. Aldrin/Dieldrin. Oct 80,155p
PC A08, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 916
PB81-117301
EPA-440/5-60-020. Antimony. Oct 80,113p PC
A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 789 PB81-
117319
EPA-440/5-80-021. Arsenic. Oct 80,214p PC A10,
MFA01, supersedes PB-292 420 PB81-
117327
EPA-440/5-80-022. Asbestos. Oct 80,162p PC
A08, MF A01. supersedes PB-297 917 PB81-
117335
EPA-440/5-80-023. Benzidine. Oct 80,73p PC
A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 918 PB81-
117343
EPA-440/5-80-024. Beryllium. Oct 80, 88p PC A05,
MFA01, supersedes PB-292 422 PB81-
117350
EPA-440/5-80-025. Cadmium. Oct 80,192p PC
A09, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 423 PB81-
117368
EPA-440/5-80-026. Carbon Tetrachloride. Oct 80,
132p PC A07, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 424
PB81-117376
EPA-440/5-80-027. Chlordane. Oct 80,69p PC
A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 425 PB81-
117384
EPA-440/5-80-028. Chlorinated Benzenes. Oct 80,
216p PC A10, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 919
PB81-117392
EPA-440/5-80-029. Chlorinated Ethanes. Oct 80,
148p PC A07, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 920
_ PB81-117400
EPA-440/5-80-030. Chloroalkyl Ethers. Oct 80,
108p PC A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 921
PB81-117418
EPA-440/5-80-031. Chlorinated Naphthalene. Oct
80,70p PC A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292
426 PB81-117426
EPA-440/5-80-032. Chlorinated Phenols. Oct 80,
183p PC A09, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 790
_. PB81-117434
EPA-440/5-80-033. Chloroform. Oct 80,70p PC
A04, MF A01. supersedes PB-292 427 PB81-
117442
EPA-440/5-80-034.2-Chlorophenol. Oct 80,64p
PC A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 428
_ PB81-117459
EPA-440/5-80-035. Chromium. Oct 80,115p PC
A08, MF A01, supersedes PB-297 922 PBB1-
_ 117467
EPA-440/5-80-036. Copper. Oct 80,172p PC A08,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 791 PB81-
_. 117475
EPA-440/5-80-037. Cyanides. Oct 80,81 p PC A05,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 792 PB81-
„ 117483
EPA-440/5-80-038. DDT. Oct 80,166p PC A08, MF
_ A01, supersedes PB-297 923 PB81-117491
EPA-440/5-80-039. Dichlorobenzenes. Oct 80,
106p PC A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 429
_ PB81-117509
EPA-440/5-80-040. Dichlorobenzidine. Oct 80,47p
PC A03, MF A01 supersedes PB-296 793
_ PB81-117517
EPA-440/5-80-041. Dichloroethylenes. Oct 80,62p
PC A04, MF A01 supersedes PB-292 430
_ PB81-117525
EPA-440/5-80-042.2,4-Dichlorophenol. Oct 80,
73p PC A04, MF A01 supersedes PB-292 431
_ PB*1-117533
EPA-440/5-80-043. Dlchloropropane and
Dichloropropene. Oct 80,61 p PC A04, MF A01,
_ supersedes PB-296 799 PB81-117541
EPA-440/5-80-044.2,4-Dimethylphenol. Oct 80,
64p PC A04, MF A01 supersedes PB-292 432
_ PB81-117568
EPA-440/5-80-045. Dinitrotoluene. Oct 80,93p PC
A05, MF A01 supersedes PB-296 794 PB81-
_ 117566
EPA-440/5-80-046. Endosulfan. Oct 80,156p PC
A08, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 783 PB81-
_ 117574
EPA-440/6-80-047. Endrin. Oct 80,113p PC A06,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 785 PB81-
117662
EPA-440/5-80-048. Ethylbenzene. Oct 80, 53p PC
A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 784 PB81-
117590
EPA-440/5-80-049. Fluoranthene. Oct 80,86p PC
A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 433 PB81-
117608
EPA-440/5-80-050. Haloethers. Oct 80,32p PC
A03.MFA01, supersedes PB-296 796 PB81-
117616
EPA-440/5-80-051. Halomethanes. Oct 80,137p
PC A07, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 797
PB81-117624
EPA-440/5-80-052. Heptachlor. Oct 80,115p PC
A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 434 PB61-
117632
EPA-440/5-80-053. Hexachlorobutadiene. Oct 80,
57p PC A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 435
PB8M17640
EPA-440/5-80-054. Hexachlorocyclohexane. Oct
80,110p PC A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-297
924 PB81-117657
EPA-440/S-80-055. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
Oct 80,10Op PC A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-
292 436 PB81-117665
EPA-440/5-80-056. Isophorone. Oct 80,51p PC
A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 798 PB81-
117673
EPA-440/5-80-057. Lead. Oct 80,161p PC A08,
MF A01, supersedes PB-292 437 PB81-
117681
EPA-440/5-80-05B. Mercury. Oct 80,225p PC A10,
MF A01, supersedes PB-297 925 PB81-
117699
EPA-440/5-80-059. Naphthalene. Oct 80,76p PC
A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 786 PB81-
117707
EPA-440/5-80-060. Nickel. Oct 80,215p PC A10,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 800 PB81-
117715
EPA-440/5-80-061. Nitrobenzene. Oct 80,74p PC
A04.MFA01, supersedes PB-296 801 PB81-
117723
EPA-440/5-80-062. Diphenylhydrazine. Oct 80,
40p PC A03, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 795
PB81-117731
EPA-440/5-80-063. Nitrophenols. Oct 60,162p PC
A08, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 802 PB81-
117749
EPA-440/5-80-064. Nitrosamines. Oct 80,90p PC
A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 438 PB81-
117756
EPA-440/5-80-066. Pentachlorophenol. Oct 80,
98p PC A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 439
PB81-117764
EPA-440/5-80-066. Phenol. Oct 80,95p PC A05,
MF A01, supersedes PB-296 787 PB81-
117772
EPA-440/5-80-067. Phthalate Esters. Oct 80,112p
PC A06, MF A01, supersedes PB-296 804
PB81-117780
EPA-440/5-80-068. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Oct
80,200p PC A09, MF A01, supersedes PB-296
803 PB81-117798
EPA-440/5-80-069. Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. Oct 80,202pPCA10, MF A01,
supersedes PB-297 926 PB81-117806
EPA-440/5-80-070. Selenium. Oct 80,132p PC
A07.MFA01, supersedes PB-292 440 PB81-
117614
EPA-440/5-80-071. Silvei. Oct 80,221pPC A10,
MFA01, supersedes PB-292 441 PB81-
117822
EPA-440/5-80-073. Tetrachloroethylene. Oct 80,
60p PC A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 443
PB81-117830
EPA-440/5-80-074. Thallium. Oct 80,73p PC A04,
MFA01, supersedes PB-292 444 PB81-
117848
EPA-440/5-80-075. Toluene. Oct 80,96p PC A05,
MFA01, supersedes PB-296 805 PB81-
117856
EPA-440/5-80-076. Toxaphene. Oct 80,122p PC
A06.MFA01, supersedes PB-296 806 PB81-
117863
EPA-440/5-80-077. Trlchloroethylene. Oct 80,68p
PC A04, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 445
PB81-117871
EPA-440/5-80-078. Vinyl Chloride. Oct 80,99p PC
A05, MF A01, supersedes PB-292 446 PB81-
117889
EPA-440/5-80-079. Zinc. Oct 80,169p PC A08, MF
A01, supersedes PB-290 807 PB81-117897
PB81-117939 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Treated Water Demand and the Economic* of Re-
glonallzatlon. Volume 2. Economic* of Regional-
izatlon: The Electric Power Example. Final rept. Apr
76-Dec 79,
Alabama Univ., University.
Donald L. Hooks. Aug 80,62p EPA-600/2-80-163
GrantEPA-R-805617
This two volume report examines the present and
future demands and costs for residential water In view
of the new requirements for water quality standards
under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. This
volume investigates consolidation in the electric power
supply industry as an example of a possible method of
offsetting the increased costs of water treatment that
will be incurred under the new Federal regulations. The
structure of the power industry Is examined and the
history advantages, and cost benefits of coordination
are evaluated. Several alternatives to the present
system are considered, including consolidation of ex-
isting systems, encouragement of competitive mar-
kets, and public ownership of generation and transmis-
sion facilities.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Water treatment,
'Regional planning, Consolidation, Public utilities,
Electricity, Financing, Electric power plants, Transmis-
sion lines, Water supply, Demand(Economics), Regu-
lations, Government policies, Competition, Benefit
cost analysis, Ownership, Cooperatives, Drinking
water, Industrial structure.
PB81-117947 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Responses of Stream Invertebrates to an Ashpit
Effluent, Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
John J. Magnuson, Anne M. Forbes, Dorothy M.
Harrell, and Judy D. Schwarzmeier. Aug 80,167p EPA-
600/3-80-081
Grant EPA-R-803971
Fly ash from the 527 -MW Coal-fired Columbia Gener-
ating Station Unit I (Columbia Co., Wisconsin) is dis-
charged as a slurry into an adjacent ashpit. Water from
the ashpit is pumped to a ditch that joins the ashpit
drain and Rocky Run Creek before they reach the Wis-
consin River. Habitat alterations have been noted as
relatively minor changes in water quality parameters
(e.g., alkalinity, hardness, pH, and turbidity), as in-
creased amounts of some dissolved trace elements
(Cr, Ba, Al, Cd, and Cu), and as the precipitation of
trace elements (Al, Ba, and Cr) into a floe that coats
the stream bottoms. The ashpit drain became an un-
suitable habitat for aquatic invertebrates after Colum-
bia I began operating. Rocky Run Creek is still a suita-
ble habitat for many aquatic invertebrates, but evi-
dence of sublethal stresses and habitat avoidance
exists.
Keywords: 'Animal ecology, 'Fly ash, 'Invertebrate,
'water pollution, 'Rocky Run Creek, Electric power
plants, Drainage, Turbidity, Trace elements, Crusta-
cea, Precipitation(Chemistry), Aluminum, Barium,
Chromium, Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Wis-
consin River, Wisconsin, Habitats, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB81-117954 PCA16/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development and Application of a Water Supply
Cost Analysis System. Volume II. Final rept. Sep
78-79,
ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
James I. Glllean, Rex D. Osborn. William L. Britton, Jr.,
and Robert M. Clark. Jul 80,354p EPA-600/2-80-012B
Contract EPA-68-03-2506
A cost analysis for system water supply utility manage-
ment has been developed and implemented in Kenton
County, Kentucky, Water District No. 1. This volume
contains the program documentation for the cost anal-
ysis system.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water supply, Computer
programs, Accounting, Cost effectiveness, Flow chart-
ing, Directories, Cobol, Kentucky, IBM-370 computers,
Kenton County(Kentucky).
December 1983 977
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-118051 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Optimization of the Chlorlnatlon Process.
Volume II. Comparison of Acute Toxlclty of Chlor-
inated Effluents from Optimized and Existing Fa-
cilities. Final rept. Feb 77-Sep 78,
California State Dept. of Fish and Game, Rancho Cor-
dova. Water Pollution Control Lab.
B. J. Finlayson, J. L. Nelson, and R. J. Hansen. Aug 80,
125pEPA-600/2-80-133
Grant EPA-S-803459
The California Department of Health Services in coop-
eration with the Califprnia Department of Fish and
Game developed and implemented a chlorine optimi-
zation study of eight wastewater treatment plants in
northern California. Two mobile units were constructed
for the project: a pilot chlorination plant and a mobile
toxlcity testing and water quality laboratory. The pilot
chlorination plant tested several optimized chlorination
design criteria against existing wastewater treatment
plant chlorination systems. The mobile laboratory eval-
uated the toxicity of the optimized and existing chlorin-
ated effluents. The toxicity associated with the existing
unchlorinated and dechlorinated effluents increased
with un-ionized ammonia concentrations. Most of the
toxicity associated with the unchlorinated and dechlor-
inated effluents, however, was tha result of an artificial
increase in pH created by a toxicity test design prob-
lem. The optimized chlorinated effluents, with one ex-
ception, had lower and more stable chlorine residuals
than did the existing chlorinated effluents and hence,
were generally less toxic. The toxicity of all effluents in-
vestigated increased proportionately with increased
chlonne residual.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine, "Disinfection,
Water pollution, California, Water quality, Design crite-
ria, Fishes, Ammonia, Coliform bacteria, Waste treat-
ment, Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition),
Fathead minnows, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB81-118374 PCA18/MFA01
Proceedings of the American-Soviet Symposium
on the Use of Mathematical Models to Optimize
Water Quality Management (2nd) Held at Bloom-
field Hills, Michigan on August 27-30,1979,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Wayland R. Swain, and Virginia R. Shannon. Jul 80,
412p EPA-600/9-80-033
This report contains the proceedings of the papers
presented at the Second US-USSR Symposium on the
Use of Mathematical Models to Optimize Water Quality
Management. Some of the subject areas covered are:
Circulation or hydrodynamics of lakes, reservoirs and
bays; sediment transport; and water chemistry of pol-
lutants.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water quality
management, 'Meetings, Lakes, Hydrodynamics,
Sediment transport, Information retrieval, Great Lakes,
Circulation, Lake Erie, Phytoplankton, Alkalinity,
Chesapeake Bay, Ecology, Lake Baikal, USSR, United
States, Three dimessional flow, Reservoirs, Eutropni-
cation, Water quality data.
PB81-118382 PCA19/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Handbook for Automation of Activated
Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plants. Final rept.
Jul 77-Feb 79,
EMA, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Alan W. Manning, and David M. Dobs. Aug 80,428p*
EPA-600/8-80-028
Contract EPA-68-03-2573
This report is a systems engineering handbook for the
automation of activated sludge wastewater treatment
processes. Process control theory and application are
discussed to acquaint the reader with terminology and
fundamentals. Successful unit process control strate-
gies currently in use are discussed. Alternative meth-
ods of control implementation are presented where
other considerations such as reliability or flexibility are
Important. A method for preparing a cost effective
analysis is detailed through the use of examples. Cur-
rently available instrumentation is reviewed to serve as
a guide for the selection of instruments for specific ap-
plications. The design guide section reviews some of
the aspects of control system design and includes ex-
amples of documentation required to convey the engi-
neer's and user's requirements. The concluding sec-
tion presents recommendations for further studies
which will advance the application of automation in
wastewater treatment.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Handbooks,
'Sewage treatment, Automation, Cost analysis, Sub-
stitutes, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fore-
casting, Technology.
PB81-118390 PCA09/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fate and Effects of Partlculates Discharged by
Combined Sewers and Storm Drains. Final rept.
Oct 77-Jul 79,
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA.
Richard D.Tomlinson, Brian N. Bebee, Andrew A.
Heyward, Sydney G. Munger, and Robert G. Swartz.
Aug 80,185p EPA-600/2-80-111
Grant EPA-R-805602-01-0
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle.
This report provides the details of an evaluation of the
distribution and biological impacts of paniculate mate-
rials in combined sewer and storm drain discharges in
the Seattle, Washington region, and presents the
extent of the urban runoff problem in terms of statistics
and observed and anticipated impacts on water quality
in Lake Washington and Puget Sound. The potential
public health risk related to enteric viruses associated
with such particulates is also addressed.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Granular materials, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Lake Washington, Viruses, Runoff, Environmental im-
pacts, Benthos, Toxicity, Metals, Hydrocarbons, Oils,
Greases, Nutrients, Correlation, Tables(Data), Puget
Sound, Washington(State), 'Particulates.
PB81-118408 PCA23/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility of Primary Copper Smelter Weak Sulfur
Dioxide Stream Control. Final rept,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
I. J. Weisenberg, T. Archer, F. M. Winkler, T. J.
Browder, and A. Prem. Jul 80,542p EPA-600/2-80-
152
Contract EPA-68-03-2398
The major source of uncontrolled emissions of SO2
from primary copper smelters in the U.S. is the rever-
beratory furnace because gas strength is too low for
direct processing in a sulfunc acid plant, the accepted
control approach in this industry. Systems and tech-
niques that experience indicates, either singly or in
combination, can be used to control weak SO2 emis-
sions from copper smelters are identified, analyzed
and discussed. Two overall approaches to weak SO2
stream control are (1) increasing the concentration of
SO2 to a range where it is feasible to produce sulfuric
acid or other useabte byproducts or (2) neutralizing the
effluent as a waste product. Process modifications to
minimize the use of air such as in-leakage control and
oxygen enrichment can significantly increase SO2
concentration. The use of add on systems to concen-
trate the weak SO2 such as the magnesium oxide, am-
monia and citrate systems have demonstrated applica-
bility. The lime or limestone neutralization process
where forced oxidation is used to produce gypsum has
been demonstrated as an approach to producing a
'throw away' product. Coal reduction to sulfur also
shows sufficient promise for serious consideration.
Product markets are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, *Re-
verberatory furnances, Feasibility, Smelters, Sulfuric
acid, Byproducts, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Gypsum, Calcium oxides, Limestone, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Process charting,
'Copper smelters.
PB81-118432 PC A02/MF A01
Advances In Particle Sampling and Measurement.
Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Benjamin Y. H. Liu, Otto G. Raabe, Wallace B. Smith,
Herbert W. Spencer, III, and William B. Kuykendal. Apr
80,8p EPA-600/J-80-074
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis, California Univ., Davis, Southern Research
Inst., Birmingham, AL, and Joy Manufacturing Co., Los
Angeles, CA. Pub. in Environmental Science and
Technology, v14 p392 Apr 80.
The paper, by five authorities who contributed signifi-
cantly to the second symposium on advances to parti-
cle sampling and measurement (October 1979 in Day-
tona Beach, FL) summarizes salient developments In
the field. Current techniques were described as being
expensive, complicated, and less accurate than desir-
able. Significant improvements would result in such
benefits as: (1) better understanding and quantification
of control device behavior (which could expedite the
evolution of more efficient control devices); (2) more
accurate assessment of environmental and health ef-
fects related to various pollution sources; and (3) use
of particulate emission measurements as forms of
process monitors. In addition to new developments,
there was also considerable interest in inhalable parti-
cles (airborne particles with aerodynamic diameters of
15 micrometers or less) since new particulate air-qual-
ity standards based on inhalable particles are likely to
be established by the EPA. Discussed during the sym-
posium were: impactors (including virtual impactors),
aerodynamic particle size analyzers, sample collection
and dilution, real-time monitors and data reduction,
and prototype instruments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Meetings, Dust,
Aerosols, Impactors, Particle size, Sampling, Monitor-
ing, Public health, Laboratory equipment, Sources,
Piezoelectricity, Concentration(Composrtion), Re-
prints.
PB81-118630 PCA06/MFA01
Technical Feasibility of the Proposed 1982-1983
High Altitude Standards for Light Duty Vehicle*
and Light Duty Trucks. Technicalrept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert I. Bruetsch, John J. McFadden, and William M.
Pidgeon. Aug 80,106p EPA-AA-CTAB/TA-80-03
Proposed high altitude standards for the 1982 and
1983 model years (MY) were published on January 24,
1980. These standards are for light duty vehicles
(LDVs) and light duty trucks (LDTs). This document
presents an evaluation of the technical feasibility of
the proposed high altitude standards.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Alti-
tude, Standards, Performance evaluation, 'Light duty
vehicles.
PB81-118697 PC A07/MF A01
Construction Costs for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plants: 1973-1978. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Apr 80,129p EPA/430/9-80-003, FRD-11
Prepared by Sage Murphy and Associates, Inc.,
Denver, CO.
This report presents the costs associated with the con-
struction of publicly owned wastewater treatment fa-
cilities. These costs are all derived from the actual win-
ning bid documents for treatment plants eligible to re-
ceive monies from the Constructs Grants Program of
the Environmental Protection Agency EPA . The EPA
published in January, 1978, a report entitled 'Construc-
tion Costs for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants:
1973-1977,' EPA 430/9-77-013, MCD-37. The MCD-
37 report was the initial effort by EPA to gather actual
construction costs and empirically derive cost func-
tions for complete plants, unit processes, and compo-
nent costs for those facilities granted Federal funds.
All treatment plants in that data base were for PL 92-
500 projects only.
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Cost analysis, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Municipalities, States(United States),
Grants, Processing, Upgrading, Project planning,
Design criteria, Activated sludge process, Aerobic
processes, Digestion(DecomposTtion), Trickling filters,
Pumping, Lagoons(Ponds), Aeration, Filtration,
Tables(Data), Sewage treatment plants.
978 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBC1-118721 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Community Environmental Education: Three
Models of Organization tor PSD Set II. Final rept,
Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC.
Peter BurKe. Jun 80, 57p EPA-450/2-80-079
The study undertakes an examination of models of
community environmental education relevant for PSD
Set II. Issues of sufficient technical information, as-
Pects of citizen participation, organizational theory,
and politics are examined. Community environmental
education is deemed to be feasible here, and three po-
tential organizational models are presented: one fo-
cuses on the Cooperative Extension Service, one on
regional planning bodies, and one on the community
school network.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Citizen participation,
Education, Environments, Community relations. Deci-
«on making, Standards, Consumers, Models.
PB8M 18739 PC A06/MF A01
Guideline for Use of City-Specific EKMA In Pre-
paring Ozone SIPs. Draft rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
G- L. Glpson, W. P. Freas, R. F. Kelly, and E. L. Meyer.
OctSO, f07pEPA-450/4-80-027
Report describes how to use the city-specific EKMA
model as a means for estimating emission control re-
quirements needed to demonstrate attainment of the
ozone NAAQS in 1982 SIP'S. Topics addressed in-
cjjwe (1) use of air quality, meteorological and emis-
8t°ns measurements or estimates for generating
ozone isopleth diagrams; (2) application of the ozone
«opleth diagrams in estimating controls needed to
warn the ozone NAAQS at each monitoring site; and
W estimation of the city-wide control requirement for
"win the SIP.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution control, "Guidelines,
|-oncentration(Composition), Organic compounds, Ni-
«pgen oxides, Nomographs, Urban areas, Monitoring,
standards, "Empirical kinetic modeling approach, "Air
quality, "National Ambient Air Quality Standards, State
"npiementatton Plans, Implementation air pollution
Planning program.
£881-118747 PC A02/MF A01
Ammonium Sulfate Manufacture - Background In-
formation for Promulgated Emission Standards.
.
gnvlronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
£ark, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 80, 22p EPA-450/3-79-0348
Contract EPA-68-02-3061
See also report dated Dec 79, PB80-1 401 63.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
'rom ammonium sulfate manufacture plants In the U.S.
«re being promulgated under Section 11 1 of the Clean
"" Act. The standards apply to new, modified, or re-
constructed facilities at caprolactam by-product, syn-
"]etic and coke oven by-product ammonium sulfate
manufacturing plants.
Keywords: "Ammonium sulfate, "Standards, "Chemi-
cal Industry, "Air pollution control, Manufacturing, In-
Sjjwlal wastes, Combustion products, Regulations,
sources, Monitoring, Environmental impacts, Perform-
fjce evaluation, Revisions, Byproducts, *Environmen-
S Impact statements-final, "Air pollution abatement,
Clean Air Act.
p"1 18796 pc A10/MF A01
federal Interagency Committee on the Health and En-
j™jonmental Effects of Energy Technologies, McLean,
Effects of Coal Technologies: Research
WITHE Corp.,rMcLean, VA. METREK Div.
fJSna"l D. Brown. Sep 80, 210p* MTR-79WO0 15902,
DOE/HHS/EPA-05
Contract DE-AC01-79EV10018
See also report dated Aug 79, PB-299 040.
J1* report provides an assessment of health effects
L^earch needs associated with the coal-based tech-
!i )2?'68 of conventional coal, chemical coal cleaning,
"uidlzed bed combustion, magnetohydrodynamlcs,
coal-oil mixtures, cocombustion with municipal solid
waste, and in situ coal gasification. Background infor-
mation providing technology descriptions, and charac-
terization of air emissions, water effluents, and physi-
cal disturbances associated with these technologies is
provided in another report (NTIS No. PB-299 040;
Committee No. DOE/HEW/EPA-04).
Keywords: "Coal, "Public health, "Environmental sur-
veys, Industrial hygiene, Technology, Coal prepara-
tion, Fluidized bed processing, Coal gasification, In situ
combustion, Coal mining, Storage, Fuels, Desulfuriza-
tion, Exposure, "Air pollution effects(Humans), "Occu-
pational safety and health, Solid wastes.
PB61-118895 PCA07/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Cost of Alternative Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon
(FGD) Sludge Disposal Regulations. Rept. for Sep
76-Apr 80,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
John P. Woodyard, and Howard L. Rishel. Nov 80,
135pEPA-600/2-80-178
Contract EPA-68-03-2471
In this report, the state of FGD acceptance in the utility
industry is described. The various sludge treatment
and disposal options are then delineated. Current fed-
eral and state regulations affecting FGD disposal are
discussed, and then placed in a conceptual framework
from which regulatory scenarios are developed. The
scenarios are then applied to the current (1980) and
projected (1985) FGD capacity to estimate what
changes, if any, would need to be made in current utili-
ty operations to achieve compliance. Using the best
available cost data base for these disposal alterna-
tives, region-specific cost estimates are developed for
10 model power plants for each of five disposal op-
tions. Applying each regulatory scenario, the cost
impact on the utility industry is then estimated for the
50 different situations.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Regulations, "Electric
power plants, 'Cost analysis, Flue gases, National
government, Air pollution control, Substitutes, State
government, Technology, Water pollution control,
Sources, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Scrubbers, Stationary sources, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB81-118911 PCA11/MFA01
Evaluation of Ozone Calibration Procedures. Final
rept,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Kenneth A. Rehme, John C. Puzak, Michael E. Beard,
and C. Frederick Smith. Nov 80,227p EPA-600/4-80-
050
In October of 1976, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency announced that the calibration procedure then
currently in use for reference methods for the meas-
urement of ozone in the atmosphere - the neutral buf-
fered potassium iodide procedure - had been found
variable and in some cases inaccurate and would be
discarded. Four alternative calibration methods would
be investigated as possible replacements: the ultravio-
let photometry procedure, the gas phase titration with
excess nitric oxide procedure, the gas phase titration
with excess nitric oxide procedure, the gas phase titra-
tion with excess ozone procedure, and the boric acid-
potassium iodide procedure. This publication summa-
rizes the evaluation effort of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to select an alternative calibration
procedure. Each method was subjected to a prelimi-
nary investigation to review the procedural descrip-
tions and to assess the critical performance param-
eters. Variability studies were subsequently conducted
to estimate the precision and accuracy of ozone cali-
brations using the four methods. The results of these
studies were then compared. The ultraviolet photome-
try procedure was determined to be the most depend-
able and accurate and was designated the replace-
ment procedure.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Volumetric analysis, "Calibrating,
Chemical analysis, Potassium iodides, Performance
evaluation, Photometry, Ultraviolet equipment, Vapor
phases, Air pollution, Gas analysis, 'Air pollution de-
tection, lodometry, Procedures.
PB81-118929 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Processes Affecting the Distribution of
Pollutants In Marine Sediments. Part I. Accumula-
tion, Trophic Transfer, Blodegradatlon and Migra-
tion. Journal article,
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Lab., New-
port, OR. Marine Science Center.
Richard C. Swartz, and Henry Lee, II. 1980,22p EPA-
600/J-80-090
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v2 p533-553
1980.
The seabed is the ultimate sink for virtually every class
of marine pollutant. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, petro-
leum hydrocarbons, metals and radionuclides are de-
posited in sediments and may persist there long after
original sources of contamination are eliminated. This
chapter deals with the biological processes that affect
the biogeochemical cycling of contaminants in benthic
ecosystems. Six processes were selected for discus-
sion: bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, migration, bio-
degradation, biodeposition and bioturbation.
Keywords: "Ocean bottom, "Sediments, "Marine biol-
ogy, "Water pollution, Biochemical cycles, Food
chains, Hydrocarbons, Metals, Accumulation, Biode-
terioration, Cadmium, Reprints, Path of pollutants.
PB81-118937 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Tissue Organ Distribution and Behavioral Effects
of Platinum Following Acute and Repeated Expo-
sure of the Mouse to Platinum Sulfate. Journal arti-
cle,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Center for
Air Environment Studies.
Bradley A. Lown, John 8. Morganti, Carl H. Stineman,
Rosemary B. D'Agsotino, and Edward J. Massaro.
cFeb 80,12p EPA-600/J-80-099
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York
Coll. at Buffalo, and State Univ. of New York at Buffalo.
Dept. of Biochemistry.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v34 p203-
2121980.
Platinum sulfate was administered intragastrically (IG)
to adult male Swiss mice in a single dose at the 7 day
LD5 or LD25 level. Control groups received 0.25M
H2SO4 (pH 0.85) or 0.14M NaCI. Open field behavior
(ambulations, rearings) was measured, and tissue/
organ Pt levels determined at 4 hr, or 1, 3, or 7 days
post administration. At all times, the LD25 depressed
ambulations significantly and rearings marginally. It did
not effect exploratory ('hole-in-board') behavior. The
LD25 resulted in disproportionately high tissue Pt
levels relative to the LD5. There were significant in-
verse correlations between behavior and tissue Pt
levels for most tissues, but not for brain. In related ex-
periments, adult male mice were subjected to repeat-
ed IG administration of PT(SO4)2 at the LD1 level (one
dose every 72 hr for up to 10 doses). Three days after
administration of the final dose of each series, open-
field and exploratory performance were measured and
tissue/organ Pt levels determined. Tissue/organ Pt
levels were variable but generally increased with dose
number. No Pt was detected in the brain. Activity and
explorations were marginally depressed. Only rearings
correlated significantly with tissue Pt levels.
Keywords: "Platinum, "Toxicology, Ingestion(Biology),
Bioassay, Mice, Laboratory animals, Metals, Lethal
dosage, Behavior, Tissues(Biology), Sodium chloride,
Platinum inorganic compounds, Reprints, "Platinum
sulfate, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-118945 PC A02/MF A01
Recovery of the Macrobenthos at a Dredge Site In
Yaqulna Bay, Oregon. Journal article,
Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Lab., New-
port, OR. Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, W. A. DeBen, F. A. Cole, and L. C.
Bentsen. 1980,19p EPA-600/J-80-083
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v2 P391-408
1980.
Knowledge of the resilience of biological communities
is important in assessing the ecological consequences
of human disturbances in the marine environment. Bio-
logical recovery partly depends on the kind and degree
of perturbation. This report deals with the resilience of
the benthos following sediment defaunation by dredg-
ing and addresses a physical, nontoxic disturbance
whose ecological effects can be compared with those
December 1983 979
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of other kinds of pollution that involve chronic chemi-
cal contamination. A small dredging operation in Ya-
quina Bay, Oregon in October of 1975 provided an op-
portunity to monitor the temporal pattern of the recov-
ery of a disrupted macrobenthic community.
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Sediments, 'Ecology, 'Water
pollution, 'Yaquina Bay, Dredging, Abundance, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Worms, Recovery, Oregon, Re-
prints, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB81-118952 PCA02/MFA01
Dlethanolamlne-Carbon Dioxide Buffer Produces
Ethylene. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
David T. Tingey, Richard M. Raba, and Walter F.
Bums. 1980, 7pEPA-600/J-80-088
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Botany, v31 n120 p347-
361 Feb 80. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Carbon dioxide concentrates in containers are fre-
quently controlled by using a diethanolamine-bicar-
bonate buffer. Current studies show that this buffer
produces ethylene and that the production increases
with increasing pH and/or time in the incubation
vessel. Ethylene is not produced when 3-amino-1-pro-
panol is used instead of diethanolamine in the buffer
solution. The modifier buffer is equally or more effec-
tive in contollino, the CO2 concentrations around
plants incubated in the light or dark than the diethano-
lamine buffer.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Buffers(Chemistry),
Concentration(Composition), pH, Byproducts, Bicar-
bonates, Ethylene, Reprints, Ethanol/imino-di, Propa-
nol/amino, 'Chemical treatment.
PB81-119075 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Steam Electric Point Source Category. Interim
rept.,
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
John W. Lum, and Teresa F. Wright. Sep 80,618p*
EPA-440/1-80/029B
Contract EPA-68-01-5163
Supplement to report dated Oct 74, PB-240 853.
This document provides a technical basis for the revi-
sion of chemical effluent limitations guidelines for the
Steam Electric Power Industry reflecting the Best
Available Technology Economically Achievable
(BATEA) for existing sources, New Source Perform-
ance Standards (NSPS) and Pretreatment Standards.
The analysis of pollutants and the technologies appli-
cable to their control has been based on specific was-
testreams of concern.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Steam electric
power generation, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Regu-
lations, 'Water pollution control, Standards, Technolo-
gy, Sources, Guidelines, Tables(Data), Water pollution
control equipment, Fly ash, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Water pollution standards, Best technology, New
source performance standards.
PB81-119331 PCA12/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Waste Activated Sludge Processing. Final rept. Jun
73-Sep 76,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Scott R. Austin, Jack R. Livingston, and Uberato
Tortorici. Aug 80,254p EPA-600/2-80-147
Contract EPA-14-12-150
A study was made at pilot scale of a variety of process-
es for dewatering and stabilization of waste activated
sludge from a pure oxygen activated sludge system.
Processes evaluated included gravity thickening, dis-
solved air flotation thickening, basket centrifugation,
scroll centrrfugation, aerobic digestion, and anaerobic
digestion (mesophillic and thermophillic). In addition
combinations of processes were evaluated including:
scroll centrrfugation after anaerobic digestion, basket
centrrfugation after anaerobic digestion, centrrfugation
of mixtures of anaerobically digested primary sludge
and anaerobically digested waste activated sludge.
980 Vol. 83, No. 26
centrifugation after thermal conditioning and compost-
ing after digestion and centrifugal dewatering. Data are
presented on all of the processes above and optimum
economic combinations are identified.
Keywords: 'Dewatering, 'Sludge disposal, 'Sludge di-
gestion, Processing, Activated sludge process, Stabili-
zation, Pilot plants, Thickening, Centrifuging, Aerobic
processes, vacuum filtration, Flotation, Aerobic diges-
tion, Composting.
PB81-119356 PCA03/MFA01
Comparison of Owner Perceived and EPA Meas-
ured Fuel Economy. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Applications Branch.
James A. Rutherford. Aug 77,42p EPA-AA-CAB-77-2
Data from 1099 vehicles (model years 1974-1976) in
the Fiscal Year 1975 Emission Factor Program are uti-
lized in examining the differences between owner esti-
mated fuel economies and fuel economies derived
from EPA tests on the same in-use, consumer-owned
vehicles. The discrepancies are examined in terms of
absolute differences and percentages. Various vehicle
classification, maintenance and utilization factors are
investigated to determine their relationship to these
discrepancies. The agreement in ranking of vehicles
on fuel economy between owner determined and EPA
determined economies is also investigated.
Keywords: Fuel consumption, Automobiles, Trucks,
Motor vehicles, Performance tests, Estimates, Percep-
tion, Opinions, Comparison, 'Fuel economy.
PB81-119398 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions from a Ford Pinto Equipped
with the General Dynamics Electrosonlc Control
System. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Oct 76,18p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-02
The EPA receives information about many systems
which appear to offer potential for emission reduction
or fuel economy improvement compared to conven-
tional engines and vehicles. One such system has
been developed jointly by General Dynamics and Au-
totronic Controls Corporation. This system is called the
Electronic engine Control System (Electrosonic), and
utilizes the principles of lean-burn combustion to con-
trol exhaust emissions. The Electrosonic system is de-
signed to control engine parameters affecting exhaust
emissions. As such, the system controls ignition
timing, air-fuel ratio and idle speed. The system does
haveEGR control capability, although EGR was not on
the 1976 Ford Pinto MPG supplied to the EPA for eval-
uation.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control equipment. Ignition systems, Internal
combustion engines. Fuel consumption, Ford automo-
biles, Ford Pinto automobiles.
PB81-119422 PC A02/MF A01
Flue das Desulfurlzation Pilot Study: Summary of
Phase I and Phase II Reports.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 80,17p EPA-600/8-80-043
The initial phase of this study consisted of a survey of
existing FGD systems used on larger combustion proc-
esses in the NATO countries and Japan.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sur-
veys, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-119448 PC A07/MF A01
Livestock Grazing Management and Water Quality
Protection (State of the Art Reference Docu-
ment). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elbert Moore, Eric Janes, Floyd Kinslnger, Kenneth
Pitney, and John Sainsbury. Nov 79,147p EPA-910/9-
79-67
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Manage-
ment, Denver, CO., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Denver, CO. Region VIII.
The report is a State of the Art Reference of methods,
procedures and practices for including water quality
considerations in livestock grazing management activi-
ties. The document identifies existing and potential
hazards to water quality, practices or methods suitable
for preventing or minimizing water quality impacts, and
alternatives for the assessment of a rangeland water-
shed's total runoff and pollution production.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Range grasses, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Reviews, Hazards, Environmental im-
pacts, Runoff, Soil erosion, Pesticides, Vegetation,
Erosion control, Land use, Water quality management,
Mathematical models, Prescribed burning, Best man-
agement practices, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB81-119455 PC A20/MF A01
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Species Data
Manual. Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 80,465p* EPA-450/4-60-015
See also report dated Dec 78, PB80-113822. Prepared
in cooperation with KVB, Inc., Tustin, CA.
This document contains tables of potential emissions
of organic compounds for selected source categories.
The species profile table format has been organized to
be particularly useful in preparation of emission inven-
tory inputs to photochemical modeling. Accompanying
each VOC profile table is a brief narrative that de-
scribes process, emissions, controls, and basis Of
source report and data quantification. The chemical
classifications include paraffin, olefin, aromatic, car-
bonyl (aldehydes and ketones), methane, non-reactive
other than methane, and miscellaneous. Data confi-
dence levels for each profile table have been as-
signed. Reports, published data, and names and titles
of personal contacts are referenced for each source
category.
Keywords: 'Volatility, 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Manuals, Tables(Data), Inventories,
Alkene hydrocarbons, Aromatic compounds, Alde-
hydes, Storage, Printing industry, Coatings, Ketones,
Methane, Exhaust emissions, Industrial wastes, Clean-
ing solvents, Fuels, Textile industry, Petroleum indus-
try, Minerals, Agricultural, Combustion products,
Chemical industry, Food industry, Metals, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Emission inventories, Photochem-
istry, Point sources. Fugitive emission.
PB81-119679 MF A01
Petroleum In the Marine Environment.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Jan 75,120p ISBN-0-309-02311 -4
Proceedings of a Workshop on Inputs, Fates, and v»
Effects of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, Ainie,
Virginia, May 21-15,1973. Library of Congress catalog
card no. 74-18572. .
Paper copy available from: National Academy of Sci-
ences, 2IOI Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington,
DC. 20418, PC $9.00.
Provides a comprehensive assessment of existing in-
formation in this crucial area of ocean research, in*"
eating gaps in knowledge and suggesting directions tor
new investigation on the fates and effects of petroleum
hydrocarbons (PHCs) in the oceans. Discussions in-
clude primary sources of oil pollution, estimate?
amounts of hydrocarbons entering the seas each year.
analytical methods for measuring effects of PHCs, arw
known adverse effects of PHCs on aquatic organisms.
populations, communities, and human populations.
Keywords: 'Petroleum products, 'Water pollution, Hy-
drocarbons, Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Rum*
health, Oceans, Sampling, 'Oil pollution, 'Path of P°'
lutants, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollu-
tion detection, Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB81-119887
Economic
PCA03/MFA01
Analysis for the Proposed "•vlil"l!JJI
Steam-Electric Utility Industry Effluent Limitation*
Guidelines, _.-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, u*-"
Office of Planning and Evaluation. „ m0o.
Jeffrey Wasserman. Sep 80,47p' EPA-440/1 -80/02»
Prepared In cooperation with Temple, Barker a1*
Sloane, Inc., Lexington, MA.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report provides an economic and financial analy-
sis of the proposed revisions to the effluent limitation
guidelines for the Steam Electric utility Industry. It con-
siders the economic effects associated with BAT and
pretreatment standards for once-through and reclrcu-
latlng cooling water as well as NSPS for both cooling
water streams and fly ash transport water. The analy-
sis was conducted at both the plant and national
levels. Although the proposed regulations will require
that the Industry spend up to $80 million annually to
comply and its cumulative capital expenditures win In-
crease by $200 million over the period 1960-1995,
these Increases are very small relative to the baseline
Industry costs. The analysis concludes that the pro-
Posed regulations will not significantly add to the costs
of generating electricity.
Keywords: 'Steam electric power generation, 'Water
Pollution, Economic analysis, Guidelines, Cooling
water, Waste water, Revisions, Electric utilities, Water
Pollution control.
£801-119802 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1979. Volume 1: Atlantic Slop* Basins,
Hudson River to Cape May. Water-data rept.
ual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
gical Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
,367p USQS/WRD/HD-80-055, USGS/WDR-
Prepared In cooperation with New Jersey Dept. of En-
vironmental Protection, Trenton. See also report dated
Jun 79, PB80-116528 and Volume 2, PB81 -119810.
Water Resources data for the 1979 water year for New
J*rsey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
Duality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
Import contains discharge records for 75 gaging sta-
yons; tide summaries for one station; stage and con-
'•ms for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 111
•unace water sites and 110 wells; and water levels for
35 observation wells. Also Included are data for 44
crest-stage partial-record stations and 47 low-flow par-
"ai-record stations.
K«ywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
, Water quality, Tablea(Data), Stream flow, Flow
akes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
, Temperature, Hudson River, Cape May. 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water),
•vater levels.
EB«1-11»828 PC A89/MF A01
jnvlrpnmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
{("Approach to Water Resources Evaluation of
non-Point Silviculture! Sources (A Procedural
Final rept, Dec 76-Dec 79.
e, Washington, DC.
i. 647p' EPA-600/8-80-012
J^js handbook provides an analysis methodology that
JJjn be used to describe and evaluate changes to the
7«w resource resulting from non-point sllvicultural ac-
Si,Tnl8 state-of-the-art approach for analysis and
notion of pollution from non point sllvicultural acttvi-
,is a rational estimation procedure that is most
' In making comparative analyses of manage-
Mternatives. This handbook also provides quantl-
1 techniques for estimating potential changes In
H, surface erosion, soil mass movement,
rrtial sediment discharge, and temperature.
i descussions of the Impacts of silviculture!
an,;;™84 on dissolved oxygen, organic matter, nutri-
W1W- and Introduced chemicals are Included.
s: 'Forest land, 'Water pollution control, 'Re-
- Handbooks, Sites, Stream flow. Soil erosion,
t transport, Landslides, Harvesting. Nutrients,
atlon(Compo8ition). Oxygen, Dissolved
Humus, Pesticides, Environmental impacts,
tteal models, Tables(Data). Silviculture,
*heds source8- Prescribed burning, 'Forest water-
PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
>ng Rock Trickling Filter* to Plastic Media:
•nd Performance. Final rept. 15 Mar 76-16
•nd Caldwell, Walnut Creek, CA.
Richard J. Stenqulst, and Kathryn A. Kelly. Aug 80,
192pEPA-600/2-80-120
Contract EPA-68-03-2349
This investigation was undertaken with the objectives
of reviewing the conversion of trickling filters at the
Stockton, California, Regional Wastewater Control Fa-
cility from rock media to plastic media and to develop
general design considerations for similar conversions
which might be carried out elsewhere. The Stockton
plastic media trickling (liters are designed to operate In
two modes: (1) to oxidize carbonaceous material
during the canning season when plant loadings are
high (design flow =» 220,000 cu/day or 58 mgo) and,
(2) to provide combined carbon oxidation-nitrification
during the noncannlng season when loadings are low.
To evaluate plant performance, a special 1 -yr sampling
program was carried out.
Keywords: 'Trickling filters, 'Sewage treatment, Rock,
Upgrading, Plastics, Performance evaluation, Oxida-
tion, Nitrification, Biochemical oxygen demand, Tem-
perature, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Phosphorus,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, pH, California,
Stockton(Callfornla).
PB81-120008 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ambient Air Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Monitor.
Final rept. Oct 77-Jul 60,
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp., Newport
Beach, CA. Aeronutronlc Div.
Darrell E. Burch. Dec 80,49p U-6624, EPA-600/2-80-
201
Contract EPA-68-02-2776
A monitor has been developed with adequate sensitivi-
ty and accuracy to measure continuously the concen-
tration of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in ambi-
ent air. The monitor consists of pump and manifold
system along with two basic Instruments, a methane
monitor and a flame-lonlzatlon detector (FID). The
methane monitor, which employs gas-filter correlation
techniques, makes use of the infrared absorption char-
acteristics of methane to measure Its concentration. A
slight interference in the measurement of methane by
H2O vapor in the sample air Is accounted for from the
simultaneous measurement of the H2O concentration.
The flame-lonlzatlon detector measures the concen-
tration of the total hydrocarbons (THC), including
methane. The concentration of non-methane hydro-
carbons Is found by subtracting the methane concen-
tration from the THC concentration. The noise-equiva-
lent concentrations (peak-to-peak) of the methane
monitor and the FID are approximately 50 ppb and 5
ppb of carbon, respectively. The estimated uncertainty
In the measurement of a typical low-level NMHC con-
centration Is between 20 ppb and 50 ppb. Concentra-
tions as high as approximately 70 ppm can be meas-
ured.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Monitors, 'Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Laboratory equipment,
Water, 'Flame lonlzatlon detectors, 'Air pollution de-
tection.
PB81-120024 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Metal Paniculate Emissions from Stationary
Source*. Volume 1. Standard Sampling and Analy-
sis Method. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Edward T. Peters, James R. Valentine, and Jeffrey W.
Adams. Dec 80,104p EPA-600/2-80-202
Contract EPA-68-02-1219
A program was undertaken to develop reliable meth-
ods for measuring trace elements In emission streams.
This program concerns a sampling and analysis
method for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, man-
ganese, nickel, lead, selenium, and vanaduim. Based
upon a review of the literature, atomic absorption
spectrophotometry was selected as the analysis
method for all metals. To approximate a stationary
source, a simulation system consisting of a fuel oil
combustion chamber and stack with sampling ports
was constructed. Known amounts of metals were in-
troduced to the system as organometallic additives to
the fuel. Flue gas sampling was carried out simulta-
neously with two trains, permitting a direct comparison
of changes in configuration, Implnger solutions and
sample recovery procedures. Based upon relicate ex-
periments, precisions of 7 to 11 percent were obtained
for all elements except As (15 percent) and Se (21 per-
cent). Accuracies of Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, Cr and V were
within 15 percent at the 100mg level, with Pb being 31
percent high and As and Se being low by 32 and 48
percent, respectively.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Particles, 'Trace elements,
'Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sampling, Arsenic, Absorption
spectra, Atomic spectroscopy, Vanadium, Selenium,
Lead(Metal), Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt,
Manganese, Flue gases, Spectrophotometry, Labora-
tory equipment, Beryllium, Mercury(Metal), 'Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution detection.
PB8M20131 PC A03/MF A01
Viruses In Waste, Renovated, and Other Watere.
1978 Literature Abstracts,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
natl, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, and F. Dlanne White. Jan 80,45p EPA-
600/9-80-018
The report comprises the abstracts of the published
papers and books on viruses In waste, renovated, and
other waters for 1978.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Waste water, 'Bibliographies,
Abstracts, Microorganisms, Sewage, Author Indexes,
Water pollution.
PB81-120164 PC A10/MF A01
Procedure* for the Preparation of Emission In-
ventories for Volatile Organic Compound*;
Volume I. Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
William H. Lamason II, and Tom Lahre. Sep 80,206p
EPA-450/2-77-028-2
See also Volume 1 dated Dec 77, PB-275292.
Procedures are described for compiling emission In-
ventories of volatile organic compounds (VOC) for use
In less data-intensive models such as rollback and the
Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA). Such in-
ventories generally represent annual emissions (per-
haps with some seasonal Information) and are com-
plied for larger geographical areas such as counties.
The basic Inventory elements-planning, data collec-
tion, emission estimates, and reportlng-are all dis-
cussed. No single prescriptive methodology is present-
ed; rather, a set of procedures Is described so that the
agency may choose the most appropriate techniques
to meet its needs in Its ozone program. Various exam-
ples are Included to aid the agency In the understand-
ing and utilization of this document.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution, 'In-
ventories, 'Ozone, Sources, Mathematical models, Ni-
trogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Planning, Surveys,
Field tests. Exhaust emissions, Combustion products,
'Volatile organic compounds, Procedures, Point
sources, Fugitive emissions.
PB8M20446 PC A06/MF A01
Numerical Simulation of Aerated Sludge Corn-
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert Smith, and Richard Q. Ellers. Nov 80,78p EPA-
600/2-80-191
This report describes development of a time-depend-
ent computerized model for composting of wastewater
treatment plant sludge with forced aeration of the pile.
The work was undertaken because, in the past, devel-
opment of the composting process for wastewater
sludge has been almost wholly experimental. The
model is two-dimensional because piles are long com-
pared to dimensions of the trapezoidal cross-section.
The cross-sectional area of the pile Is divided Into rec-
tangular and triangular area! increments. The pressure
source for the forced aeration is along the longitudinal
plane of symmetry at ground level. The air flow regime
Is established first using an Iterative solution to La-
Place's equation. Mass flow rates for water vapor,
oxygen, and enthalpy are computed around each area!
Increment. The biological decomposition rate Is treat-
ed as a function of temperature and moisture content
of each areal increment. Properties such as tempera-
December 1983 981
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ture, moisture content, and oxygen concentration are
found for each areal increment at each time point. A
time interval of 15 minutes was found to give satisfac-
tory results. Physical properties of compost were de-
rived. Measurements made on mechanically aerated
piles by the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
were used to test the validity of the model.
Keywords: *Mulches, "Sludge drying, 'Aeration, Math-
ematical models, Air flow, Flow rate, Water vapor, De-
composition, Temperature, Moisture content, Microbi-
ology, Oxygen, Heat transfer, Physical properties,
Field tests, California, Composting.
PB81-120S78 PC A03/MF A01
Source Test Data (SOTDAT) System Information.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov80,36p EPA-450/4-80-025
The Source Test Data (SOTDAT) System is an auto-
mated data processing system used by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to store data from test-
ing and analysis of emissions from stationary sources
of air pollution. This booklet Is designed for persons
who are not familiar with SOTDAT, to provide a de-
scription of the system and examples of the computer-
ized SOTDAT reports that are available upon request.
To meet these objectives, this booklet includes: (1)
and overview of the data contained in SOTDAT, (2) de-
scriptions of related publications, (3) a description of
procedures for requesting SOTDAT data and (4) a de-
scription of SOTDAT report capabilities and examples
of available computerized report formats. A list of addi-
tional references is provided for background informa-
tion.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Information systems, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Sources, 'Source
Test Data System, 'Stationary sources, Emission fac-
tors.
PB81-120776 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Characterization of Ambient Air Near a
Commercial Uirgl Coal Ossification Plant, Kosovo
Region, Yugoslavia. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX,
K. J. Bombaugh, G. C. Page, C. H. Williams, L. O.
Edwards, and W. D. Balfour. Nov 80,139p RAD-TN-
202-187-42-04, EPA-600/7-80-177
Contract EPA-68-02-2608
Ambient air samples were collected continuously from
May 14-29,1980 to determine if the emissions from a
commercial Uirgi coal gasification plant could be iden-
tified downwind of the facility. Physical, inorganic, and
organic analyses were carried out on the collected aer-
osol samples, and organic constituents were deter-
mined on the vapor-phase sample catches. The total
atmospheric particle loading was higher immediately
downwind from the Kosovo industrial complex that in-
cludes the gasification plant. Coal dust resulting from
the handling, grinding and transporting of the coat was
probably a major contributor to the particle burden. A
very complex organic mixture was found in the vapor-
phase and adsorbed on the paniculate matter. Maxi-
mum Individual concentrations were 8 micrograms/cu
m for naphthalene in the vapor and 0.08 micrograms/
cu m for the benzopyrene isomer group adsorbed on
the particles. The naphthalene loadings were found to
correlate positively with the percent of downwind sam-
pling time. The GC-MS profile of organic compounds
found in the ambient air samples also correlated well
with those expected from emission sources at the gas-
ification plant (represented by the middle oil, one of the
coal gasifier's by-products). Thus the compounds
found can be considered characteristic of the emis-
sions from the Kosovo Lurgi coal gasification plant.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Aerosols, 'Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Air pollution, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Yugoslavia, Particles, 'Lurgi process,
*Alr pollution detection, Kosovo Region(Yugoslavia).
PB81-120784 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modified Factor Analysis of Selected RAPS (Re-
gional Air Pollution Study) Aeroeol Data. Final
rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Daniel J. Alpert, and Philip K. HopKe. Nov 80,85p EPA-
600/2-80-195
Target transformation factor analysis (TTFA) has been
applied to an analysis of a subset of the aerosol-com-
position data acquired during the Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) for St. Louis, MO. The purpose of the
study was to evaluate the capability of TTFA to resolve
sources of airborne paniculate matter in a set of ambi-
ent-aerosol samples. Only the samples from July and
August 1976, both fine and coarse fractions, were ex-
amined in this study. Because of the large number of
different sources in the St. Louis area, superior results
were obtained from the examination of the variation in
aerosol composition with time at a single location
rather than the spatial variation of over multiple sites
during a shorter time period.
Keywords: 'Factor analysis, 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution,
Sampling, Particles, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), 'Air quality data, Numeri-
cal solution.
PB81-120792 > PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to
Air Pollution Problems. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ. Research Foundation, Columbus.
John H. Shaw, and Jack G. Calvert. Nov 80,140p EPA-
600/3-80-093
Grant EPA-R-803868
See also report dated Jun 78, PB-285 077.
The nature of information that cart be retrieved from
spectra obtained with Fourier transform spectroscopy
is discussed. Nonlinear, least-squares analysis of
spectra is capable of retrieving information that is
beyond the reach of conventional methods and has
improved precision and accuracy. These studies have
allowed the approval of experimental design to the
analysis of spectra to be placed on a quantitative
basis. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy was
used to study quantitatively the kinetics and mecha-
nisms of several chemical reactions that are of Interest
to atmospheric chemists and are important in the de-
velopment of air pollution control strategies. The sys-
tems studied include the metastable, reactive, gase-
ous species, peroxynltric acid, hypochlorous acid, and
dimethylnitrosamine. Rate constants related to the for-
mation and decay of these species and infrared extinc-
tion data necessary for the quantitative analyses of
these compounds were determined.
Keywords: 'Infrared spectra, 'Gas analysis, 'Atmos-
pheric composition, Least squares method, Photo-
chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics, Chemical analy-
sis, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, *Alr pollution detection, Nltrosamine/dl-
methyl, Hypochlorous acid, Peroxynitric acid.
PB81-120800 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility Study for an Asbestos Aerosol Moni-
tor. Final rept. Jul 76-Jun 78,
Vermont Univ., Burlington. Dept. of Physics.
Robert W. Detenbeck. Dec 80,143p EPA-600/2-80-
200
Grant EPA-R-804562
The feasibility of discriminating and counting asbestos-
fiber aerosol particles by means of their shapes, using
a two-detector, optical, aerosol counter was deter-
mined. The assymmetry of their optical diffraction pat-
terns would distinguish fibers from other, more regular
aerosol particles. A laboratory prototype was de-
signed, constructed, tested, modified and retested.
The feasibility of counting fibers by means of their opti-
cal diffraction patterns, using two detectors, was dem-
onstrated. In the latest version the aerosol fibers were
aligned by a combination of fluid-velocity-gradient and
electric fields. A description of the latest version, Its ca-
pabilities and limitations, and a theoretical model of the
alignment process are presented.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Asbestos, 'Aerosols, Particles,
Air pollution. Feasibility, Light scattering, Diffraction,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial hy-
giene, Public health, 'Air pollution detection.
PB81-120818 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Aerosol Characterization Study. Interim
rept. Jun 78-Nov 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Gary K. Tannahill, David C. Jones, and W. David
Balfour. Dec 80,159p EPA-600/3-80-098
Contract EPA-68-02-2954
An intensive field study of ambient aerosols was con-
ducted in Houston between September 14 and Octo-
ber 14, 1978. Measurements at 12 sites were made
using (1) two relocatable monitoring systems Instru-
mented for aerosol and gaseous pollutants, (2) a net-
work of high volume samplers and automated virtual
dichotomous samplers, and (3) an upper air system in-
corporating pilot balloon launches at two locations.
Monitoring was conducted to characterize four diverse
sources of air impacting Houston air quality: ship chan-
nel area, the urban area, incoming maritime air, and in-
coming continental air. The data are organized into a
computer compatible, uniform data archive for further
analysis. The major findings from a preliminary analy-
sis of the data are presented in this report, along with
recommendations for additional areas of study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, Field tests, Texas,
Sampling, Experimental design, *Houston(Texas), *Alr
quality, Procedures.
PB81-120941 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Dlv.
Recommendations from Value Engineering Stud-
lee on Waetewater Treatment Works. Technical
rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA.
Robert B. Williams, Robert G. Gumerman, William R.
Whittenberg, and Nancy E. Helm. Sep 80,229p* EPA-
430/9-80-010,, EPA/MCD-69
Contract EPA-68-01 -5938
This publication summarizes the best ideas/recom-
mendations from 93 value engineering (VE) reports
which were completed under EPA's mandatory Vfc
program for 75 construction grant projects. Data ab-
stracted from these reports provided the basis for an
overall evaluation of the VE program. Application of Vc
ideas/recommendations and evaluation results pre-
sented in this publication should enhance the effec-
tiveness of VE (n the design of future wastewater treat-
ment facilities.
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Value engineering, 'Water
pollution control, 'Municipalities, Recommendations,
Design criteria, Grants, tanks(Containera), Fluid ni-
ters, Clarifiers, Pumps, Dewatering, Conveyers, Pro-
posals, Concepts, Aeration, Flow rate, Hydraulics,
Structures, Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Energy conservation.
PB81-121063 PC A02/MF AOl
Comparison of Hot to Cold Tire Fuel Economy-
Technical rept., .
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mlt
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Myrlam Torres, and Richard N. Burgeson. Dec 78,13p
EPA-AA-LDTP-78-16
As part of a comprehensive tire rolling resistance
measurement program, a tire study was conducted on
33 different sets of tires at ambient temperature (ap-
proximately 75F). Each set of tires was installed on tne
rear two wheels of a fully warmed-up vehicle. The vero-
cle was then driven over an FTP driving schedule one
single large-roll dynamometer and the emissions ano
fuel economy values were determined for each Phaff
of the schedule. The fuel economy changes due to tire
warm-up are summarized and analyzed. In addition,
the effect of tire type, size and manufacturer on tne
fuel economy values are investigated. Finally. W*
effect of tire warm-up on tire rolling resistance is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, Automobiles, Tires, F"*'
consumption, Rolling friction, Temperature, Compari-
son, Tables(Data), 'Fuel economy.
982 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-121071 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Measurement of Hydrocarbon Emissions
from Fugitive Sources In Petroleum Refineries.
Journal Article, Mar 76-Jan 80.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Robert G. Wetherold, Donald D. Rosebrook, Lloyd P.
Provost, and Ally Jefcoat. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-
093,, IERL-RTP-P-356
Contracts EPA-68-02-2147, EPA-68-02-2665
pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers, v76
nl96p389-3941980.
The paper gives preliminary results of measurements
of hydrocarbon emissions from a number of petroleum
refineries. Sampled sources included valves, flanges,
Pump and compressor seals, pressure relief devices,
drains, and cooling towers. The paper discusses sam-
pling techniques and describes the analyses and cor-
relation of the sampling data. Data obtained to date
supported the following conclusions: (1) Emissions
'orm flanges are not significant (2) Compressor seats
nave the highest average leak rate of the baggable
*ources. (3) Valves contribute more emissions than
any other single baggable source. (4) Most leakage
occurs from a relatively few sources of each source
we. (5) The type of process stream has a substantial
wect on the source emissions. (6) Losses from cool-
Ing towers are quite low.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons. 'Petroleum
Industry, 'Refineries, Leakage, Sampling, Sources,
Reprints, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB81-121089 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treat-
"»nt and Disposal. Journal article,
psalth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
N. E. Kowal, and H. R. Pahren. Nov 80,14p EPA-600/
J-80-118
pub. in Jnl. WPCF, v52 n6 p1312-1325 Jun 80.
A review of the annual literature on health effects as-
sociated with wastewater treatment and disposal.
Keywords: 'Wastewater, 'Waste disposal, Epldemiol-
~V. Sewage treatment, Public health, Hepatitis, Re-
ts, 'Water pollution control, 'Environmental
PC A03/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
•jfenventlonal Combustion Environmental Assess-
["•nt Program. Journal article Mar 77-May 78,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METHEK Div.
Wade H. Ponder, and Deepak C. Kenkeremath. 1980,
*1p EPA-800/J-80-123,, IERL-RTP-P-118
Contracts EPA-68-01-3188, EPA-68-01-3539
in AlChE Symposium Series 196, v76 p66-94
Jne report describes the development and initial re-
JJJw of EPA's Conventional Combustion Pollutant As-
!**ament (CCEA) program planning effort, a recently
""ablished EPA program to consolidate the several
•Jdments of Its research on the environmental effects
2L Pollutants from conventional combustion processes
» * comprehensive integrated effort. (In the past,
U*jcn of EPA's environmental effects research has
S**n performed in conjunction with control technology
rfvelopment) Fossil fuels are now the Nation's princi-
™u source of energy for Industrial, commercial, and
{"•Ktentlal use. The conventional combustion of fossil
2** and their derivatives Is likely to remain our pri-
JJUJy means of obtaining useful energy for several dec-
J?*a- EPA has, since Its Inception, conducted re-
L*arch on the environmental effects of fossil fuel com-
j|r*«pn. The three principal purposes of such research
?* (1) to assess the health and environmental effects
PB81-121105 PC A10/MF A01
Chemical Testing and Assessment Research
Committee - Research Strategy 1979-1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Oct 80.209p EPA-600/9-80-049
This document was developed by the Chemical Test-
ing and Assessment Research Committee and it pre-
sents a multi-year strategy for ORD's programs on
Toxic Substances. This strategy Is Intended to serve
as a basis for preparing each fiscal year's program pro-
posals and for reviewing the progress of ORD's ongo-
ing effort. The document will be updated annually by
the Research Committee to refine the strategy and
help assure the program's responsiveness to emerg-
ing concerns and priorities.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Regulations,
•Chemical compounds, 'Toxicology, Law enforce-
ment, Public health, Monitoring, Assessments, Haz-
ardous materials, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Toxic
substances, Solid wastes.
PB81-121113 PCA03/MFA01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Works Con-
struction Grants Program. Program Requirements
Memoranda. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Aug80,43pEPA-MCD-02.10
This handbook contains the replacement pages and
policy directive after the Manual of References was
published. This represents the tenth In a series of Pro-
gram Requirements Memoranda for the construction
of sewage treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Sewage treatment,
'Grants, 'Municipalities, Manuals, Government poli-
cies, Requirements, Financing, Bids, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants.
PB81-121147 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Formation from Diesel Exhaust and SO2.
A Chamber Study. Final rept Sep 78-Mar 80,
Calspan Advanced Technology Center, Buffalo, NY.
R. J. Anderson, and J. T. Hanley. Dec 80,110p EPA-
600/3-80-095
Contract EPA-68-02-2987
Dilute diesel emission systems were studied In a 600
cu m indoor smog chamber under various conditions
likely to be encountered in an urban environment. Aer-
osol formation and growth In an Irradiated diesel emls-
sion/SO2/propylene system was primarily attributed
to sulfate formation. During Irradiated experiments, the
rate of SO2 oxidation experienced a maximum of
about 5 percent/hr In the period when tlr: 03 concen-
tration was increasing rapidly. Following the peak in
the O3 concentration, the rate of SO2 oxidation de-
creased to about 1 percent/hr. The presence of the
primary diesel aerosol appeared to Increase the rate of
S02 oxidation and the amount of aerosol sulfate
formed as well as minimize the formation of new aero-
sols In irradiated experiments. In most irradiated ex-
periments, the production of organic and nitrate aero-
sols represented minimal contributions to aerosol for-
mation and growth. The results of the Ames tests were
as follows: (1) UV irradiation produced no significant
changes, (2) UV irradiation in conjunction with ozone
production decreased mutsaenictty and resulted in a
change in mutagen type demonstrated by Increases in
direct acting response over that requiring metabolic
activation, (3) dark reaction of the exhaust gas with the
aerosols resulted in increased mutageniclty, both with
and without metabolic activation.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Sulfur
dioxide, •Photochemical reactions. Aerosols, Urban
area, Test chamber, Oxidation, Mutagens, Ozone, Ul-
traviolet radiation, 'Diesel engine exhaust.
the release of combustion pollutants; (2) to
n'» the need for technology to control the release
EL?16*8 pollutants; and (3) to develop standards to
"™t emissions.
jJ?X*ords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fossil fuels, Stand-
K?i. Combustion products, Assessments, Public
**tn> Substitutes, Reprints, 'Air pollution abatement.
Contract EPA-68-02-1219
The literature on filtration theory and past experimental
work was reviewed and critiqued with regard to the
needs of the EPA relative to stationary source sam-
pling. A laboratory evaluation of aerosol collection effi-
ciency and flow resistance of filters potentially useful In
EPA sampling programs was designed with respect to
several variables, Including particle size (0.05, about
0.1 and 0.5 micrometers MMD); gas velocity (4,12,30,
83 and 126 cm/sec); and aerosol composition and
density (g/sq cm)-DOP(1.0), Na Cl (2.17),Be S04 . 2
H2O(2.36), Pb (NO3)2 (4.53), and Cd I (5.67). Filter
collection efficiencies were measured for the various
evaluation parameters with a OOP penetrometer or
sodium flame photometer. With two exceptions, col-
lection efficiencies of greater than 99 percent were ob-
tained for all filters and test conditions. The excep-
tions, tested with 0.3 micrometers MMD Na Cl aerosol,
were Mlllipore Mitex and Whatman 41 filters, with col-
lection efficiencies of 75 and 50 percent, respectively.
The other membrane filters (Mitllpore AA and Fluoro-
pore) exhibited high flow resistance at 30 and 83 cm/
sec and could not be tested at higher flow rates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Air filters, 'Particles, Sam-
pling, Filtration, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Laboratory equipment, Chemical analysis, Parti-
cle size, Performance evaluation, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Membranes, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, Air pollution detection, Stationary
PB81-1211S4 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Metal Paniculate Emissions from Stationary
Sources. Volume 2. Characterization of Collection
Filters. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Edward T. Peters, J. Ronald Lawter, and Arthur L.
Benson. Dec 80.58p EPA-600/2-80-203
PB81-121436 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
APT! Courss 435, Atmospheric Sampling. Instruc-
tor's Quids,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. L. Wilson, D. F. Ellas, R. C. Jordan, K. C. Joerger,
and B. M. Ray. Fob 80,252p* EPA-450/2-80-008
Contract EPA-66-02-2374
See also PB81-121444.
The Instructor's Guide for Air Pollution Training Insti-
tute Course 435 'Atmospheric Sampling' contains
guidelines for conducting a four and one-half day
course In ambient sampling. The Guide contains
lesson plans, laboratory Instructions, exams, and solu-
tions to problem sets. The lesson plans include keys to
APTI audio visual materials and suggested instruction-
al techniques. These materials are Intended for use In
conjunction with Student Manual PB81-121444 and
Student Laboratory and Exercise Manual EPA 450/2-
80-005.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Handbooks, 'Manuals,
•Education, Guidelines. Sampling, Particles, Safety,
Laboratory equipment, Sites, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB81-121444 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
APTI Course 43S, Atmospheric Sampling. Student
Manual,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. L. Wilson, D. F. Ellas, R. C. Jordan, O. G. Durham,
and K. C. Joerger. Sep 80,392p' EPA-450/2-80-004
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
See also PB81-121436.
Contents:
An introduction to atmospheric sampling;
Basic gas properties and mathematical
manipulations;
Air measuring instruments;
Particulate sampling;
Gaseous sampling;
Generation of standard test atmospheres;
Standard methods for criteria pollutants;
Continuous air monitoring instrumentation;
Design of surveillance networks;
Statistical techniques employed In atmospheric
Theory and calibration procedures for a rotameter;
Federal register reference methods.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, •Handbooks, 'Manuals,
Sampling, Gas analysis, Laboratory equipment, Parti-
cles, Monitoring, Statistical analysis, Rotametera,
Chemical analysis, Gas laws, Physical properties,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), 'Air pollution sampling,
Air pollution detection.
December 1983 983
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-121782 PC A05/MF A01
Carbon Tetrachlorlde: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
15 Oct 80,83p EPA/OPP-80/107
The report Is an examination of possible unreasonable
risks associated with uses of pesticide and a gathering
of all available information to determine whether or not
this or any other risk does exist. The research Initiates
literature search and evaluated risk data. The report
limits Information on exposure to forecast extent of
risk.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carbon tetrachlorlde, Metab-
olism, Risk, Assessments, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Tolerances(Phyalology), Occurrence, Air,
Water, Regulations, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Health risks, 'Toxic substances, Terato-
genesis.
PB81-121949
PC A02/MF A01
Report Impact Analysis for th» Proposed Heavy-
Duty Diesel Paniculate Regulation. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and support Branch.
Daniel Helser. Aug 80,8p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-10
EPA Is preparing to propose a paniculate emission
standard for 1965 and later model year heavy-duty
diesel vehicles. Under Executive Order 12044, Improv-
ing Government Regulations, government agencies
must report new reporting burdens or record keeping
requirements before new significant regulations are
adopted. EPA requires a 'report Impact analysis' to
comply with executive Order 12044. This analysis has
been performed in fulfillment of this requirement. This
report will examine the information already required
and determine the additional information that will have
to be submitted. Also to be addressed are the reasons
for requesting this additional Information.
Keywords: "Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution, Standards, test equipment, Heavy duty en-
gines.
PB81-121966 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of EPA Measured Fuel Economy with
the Mileage Qulde. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Characterization and Applications Branch.
James A. Rutherford. Aug 77, 24p EPA-AA-CAB-77-1
Data from 842 vehicles (model years 1975-1976) in
the Fiscal Year 1975 Emission Factor Program are uti-
lized to examine the differences between fuel econo-
mies derived from EPA tests on in-use, consumer
owned vehicles and the appropriate values for each
vehicle which appear In the Gas Mileage Guides. The
discrepancies are examined In terms of absolute differ-
ences and percentages. Various vehicle classification,
maintenance and utilization factors are investigated to
determine their relationship to these discrepancies.
The agreement in ranking of vehicles on fuel economy
between EF and guide determined economies is also
investigated.
Keywords: Fuel consumption, Performance tests,
Comparison, TableslData), Measurement, Automo-
biles, Motor vehicles, Trucks, 'Fuel economy.
PB81-121964 PC A02/MF A01
The Aftermarket Costs of Heavy-Duty Dleeel Muf-
flers. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel Helser. Jut 80, 14p EPA-AA-SDSB-BO-13
EPA is preparing to propose a heavy-duty diesel panic-
ulate emission standard. One possible control tech-
nique is the trap-oxidizer. The addition of a trap-oxidiz-
or will require the use of an exhaust system that will
last the lifetime of a vehicle (i.e., a stainless steel
system). The trap-oxidizer has also been shown to
reduce engine noise as well as current mufflers. Thus,
its use should eliminate the need for the muffler. This
elimination would reduce maintenance costs, since the
muffler would no longer need to be replaced. These
savings would need to be taken into account when de-
termining the net cost per vehicle of adding a trap-oxl-
dizer. To estimate these savings, the aftermarket costs
of mufflers must be known. Representative aftermar-
984 Vol. 83, No. 26
ket muffler costs will thus be estimated in this report
for the various heavy-duty vehicle classes.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Engine mufflers, Cost
analysis, Exhaust systems, 'Heavy duty engines.
PB81-122004 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of Emission Control System Malfunc-
tions or Maladjustment* on Exhaust Emissions.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Oct 78,15p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-01
The Environmental Protection Agency Is currently un-
dertaking programs that measure the exhaust emis-
sions of in-use vehicles. One of these programs, the
Emission Factors Program (EFP), has generated data
Indicating that a high percentage of In-use 1975 auto-
mobiles nave exhaust emissions exceeding the Feder-
al emission standards for 1975-1978 light-duty vehi-
cles. Typical falling vehicles have very high CO emis-
sions. High CO emissions may be Indicative of Improp-
er adjustment of either the Idle mixture or the choke.
Since Idle mixture and choke adjustments are easily
accessible and adjusted on most cars, it seems proba-
ble that the maladjustment of these two items may be
responsible for some of the high emission levels
measured in the EFP. In order to further investigate
these possibilities, a test program was conducted by
the EPA to quantify the effects of various engine mal-
adjustments on exhaust emissions. This test program
would help Identify maladjustments resulting in the
types of failures encountered In the EFP.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Carbon
monoxide, Fuel systems, Chokes(Fuel systems), Ex-
haust gases.
PB81-122129 PC A06/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Phosphate Fertilizer Industry • Revised.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,83p EPA-450/3-79-038R
Since promulgation of new source performance stand-
ards (NSPS) for fluoride control In the phosphate fertil-
izer industry, in 1975, commercial applications of a few
new systems that reduce air pollution from phosphate
plants have been reported. These include scrubbing
system modifications that reduce the size of ponds
used to cool process water, and reduce pond fluoride
emissions. Also, a proprietary new process produces a
stable granular triple superphosphate (GTSP) directly.
This process reduces or eliminates the emissions of
fluorides and fugitive paniculate during the curing, stor-
age period. The new GTSP process also eliminates
the scrubbing of certain process gas, thus reducing re-
quired cooling pond area and pond fluoride emissions.
There is currently insufficient process experience and
source test data for firm conclusions about fluoride
control potential. The recommendation Is therefore
made not to develop NSPS revisions now, but to
assess additional developments in this Industry in four
years, and then reconsider possible revision.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Fluorides, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Inorganic phosphates, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products. Sources, Scrubbers, Revisions, Par-
ticles, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'New
source performance standards, Fugitive emissions,
Wet methods, Phosphate rock.
PB81-122202 PCA99/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Second Symposium of the Transfer and Utiliza-
tion of Paniculate Control Technology: Volume I.
Control of Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers.
Rept. for Jun 79-Jun 80,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Sep 80,639p EPA-800/9-80-039A,, IERL-RTP-1061
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 2, PB81-122210.
The proceedings document the approximately tao
presentations at the EPA/IERL-RTP-sponsored sym-
posium, attended by nearly 800 representatives of a
wide variety of companies (including 17 utilities). The
keynote speech for the 4-day meeting was by EPA's
Frank Princiotta. This volume Includes electrostatic
preclpitators, fabric filters, and scrubbers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Meetings, 'Boilers, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Electrostatic preclpitators, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Air filters, Scrub-
bers, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Fabric filters.
PB81-122210 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Second Symposium on the Transfer and UtIIW;
tlon of Paniculate Control Technology: Volume II.
Electrostatic Preclpltatora. Rept. for Jun 79-Jun 80,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
SepSO, 537p EPA-600/9-80-039B,, IERL-RTP-1062
Grant EPA-R-805726
See also Volume 4, PB81 -122228.
The proceedings document the approximately 120
presentations al the EPA/IERL-RTP-sponsored sym-
posium, attended by nearly 800 representatives of' a
wide variety of companies (Including 17 utilities). Tn«
keynote speech for the 4-day meeting was by EPA '
Frank Princiotta. This volume contains four dlfferem
aspects on electrostatic preclpitators. They are as fol-
lows: fundamentals, operation and maintenance, ad-
vanced design, and Industrial applications.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
•Electrostatic preclpitators, 'Meetings, Industrw
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Maintenance, Design criteria, Technology, "»°'
plants.
PB8M22228 PC A24/MF AOJ
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Second Symposium on the Transfer and UtIM*
tlon of Paniculate Control Technology: Volunw
IV. Special Applications for Air Pollution Measure-
ment and Control. Rept. for Jun 79-Jun 80,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Sep80, 557p EPA-600/9-80-039D,, IERL-HTP-1064
Grant EPA-R-805725 . ,
See also Volume 1, PBS 1-122202 and report datea
Feb 79, PB-295 228.
The proceedings document the approximately 120
presentations at the EPA/IERL-RTP-sponsored sym-
posium, attended by nearly 800 representatives or»
wide variety of companies (Including 17 utilities). I""
keynote speech for the 4-day meeting was by EPA*
Frank Princiotta. This volume discusses high temp9"",
ture and pressure applications, fugitive emissions, arm
measurement and analysis of particles.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control equipment, *P*r2cJ2iI'
'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion produc"'
High temperature tests, High pressure tests, Air row™1
Exhaust emissions, Cyclone separators, Sarnp""«j
Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipltators, Fluldized o*"
processors, Dust, Roads, Fugitive emissions.
PB8M22818 PC A09/MF AjjJ
Planning Workshops to Develop Recommeno*;
tlons for a Ground Water Protection Strategy, *r
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 80,194p EPA/ODW-2
See also PB81 -122624.
June 22-27, 1980 in Reston, Virginia were
provide a small, knowledgeable group of ret
tlve State, local, environmental, business and in
public interest and professional persons an oPP°"j w
ty to explore and analyze ground water issues »w
recommend preferred policies. Based on ln'onir™#*
currently available, these technical papers del nf Jj^
nature and extent of the ground water problem,W'Ljj
the major policy choices, estimate related ^rJTm
Implications, and make recommendations for acw
certain areas.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Water resources, *MJ*
ings, Protection, Government policies. National 9"
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emment. Water pollution, Water law, Water quality
management, State government, Project planning,
Earth Tills, Water wells, Hazardous materials.
PB81-122624 PC A05/MF A01
Punning Workshops to Develop Recommenda-
tion* for a Ground Water Protection Strategy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun80,81pEPA/ODW-1
See also PB81-1 22616.
A pair of Planning Workshops to Develop Recommen-
dations for a Ground Water Protection Strategy held
June 22-27, 1980 in Reston, Virginia were set up to
provide a small, knowledgeable group of representa-
tive State, local, environmental, business and industry,
Public interest and professional persons an opportuni-
ty to explore and analyze ground water issues and to
recommend preferred policies. This document was
Prepared as a study guide for workshop participants of
varying technical backgrounds; it outlines goals and
options available for maintaining levels of ground
water protection ranging from nondegration to protect-
no only drinking water sources. The document also
lists several management approaches and technical
requirements.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water resources, 'Meet-
ings, Protection, Government policies, Potable water,
recommendations, Water consumption, Sewage dis-
POfa'' Hazardous materials, Water quality manage-
ment, Standards, Best management practices.
£881-122632 PC A99/MF A01
"•veiopmerit Document for Propoeed Effluent
umitatlons Guidelines, New Source Performance
jjtmidards, and Pretreatment Standards (or the In-
JJnjanlc Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source
£j««gory,
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
"Wood E. Martin, Dwight Hlustick, and G. Edward
'"Wall. Jun 80, 1 182pf EPA-440/1-80-007B
TJjja document presents the findings of a study of the
"•wganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Cat-
Jjjj'y for the purpose of developing effluent limitations
"no guidelines for existing point sources and stand-
•jos of performance and pretreatment standards for
X* and existing point sources to implement Sections
2;) '304, 306, §07, SOB, and 501 of the Clean Water
2" We Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972, 33 USC 1251 et. seq., as amended by
Thl. jn Water Act 0< 1977> P-L 95-217) (the 'Act').
nw document was also prepared in response to the
Colm ment Agreement in Natural Resources Defense
JOTCil, Inc. v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), modi-
2™ March 9, 1979. The Information presented in this
rrrnent provides technical support for regulations
oani & in JulX 1 98° *°r 1 1 subcategories of the Inor-
nT f? Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Catego-
Dri«t . Pfons of the treatment technologies appro-
Inn ?.or achieving the limitations as well as support-
nSn? ,' °°*t estimates, and rationale for the develop-
™>< of the proposed effluent limitations, guidelines.
r«port ° of Performance are contained in this
W?"**. 'Inorganic compounds, 'Chemical Indus-
Guidelines, ^Standards, 'Water pollution, Hegula-
18- Sources, Methodology, Technology. Cost analy-
s Me88ntents, Design criteria, Industrial waste
'
s , ,
AnSJJjnt, 'Federal Water Pollution Control Act
form.* nte of 197Z> Polnt sources, New source per-
grmanee standards. ^
pc A04/MF A01
In PartlculaM Control for Coal-
Plants. Journal article,
., Research Tri-
l- 01980, 74p EPA-600/J-80-092,
l«t« E?per discusses recent developments in partlcu-
rnertta . ol tor coal-fired power plants. The develop-
... » S/A responding to a double challenge to con-
coal-flred power plant emissions control
" (1) lower paniculate emissions require
' control devices; and (2) lower SOx emls-
xl with low-sulfur coal combustion are
""n poor electrostatic preclpitator (ESP) per-
formance. Possible solutions to these problems in-
clude conditioning, hot-side ESPs, and novel ESPs.
Novel ESPs include the Buell Trielectrode ESP, the
University of Denmark Pulse Generator/ESP, and the
Cold Electrode ESP. Also under development are two-
stage ESPs using novel charging sections; e.g., the
Southern Research Institute Precharger, the APS High
Intensity Ionizer, and the University of Tokyo Boxer
Charger. As an important alternative to ESPs, bagh-
ouses have shown general success in controlling
emissions from coal-fired power plants. Current bagh-
ouses are installed at the Cameo, Harrington,
Holtwood, Kramer, Martin Drake, Nucla, and Sunbury
power stations. When operating properly, baghouses
can limit emissions to <5 mg/cu nm at pressure drops
of <2 kPa. Not all baghouses have been completely
successful; e.g., both high pressure drop and bag loss
have been experienced at the Harrington station.
(Copyright (c) 1980 AICHE.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Technology, Sulfur oxides, Performance evaluation,
Electrostatic precipitators, Substitutes, Scrubbers, Re-
prints, 'Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Baghouses.
PB81-122715 Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charge Measurements on Individual Particles Ex-
iting Laboratory Precipitators with Positive and
Negative Corona at Various Temperatures. Journal
article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Jack R. McDonald, Martin H. Anderson, Ronald B.
Mosley, and Leslie E. Sparks. c1980,14p EPA-600/J-
80-091,, IERL-RTP-P-304
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physics 51 (7) Jul 80.
The paper reports measurements of charge values on
individual particles exiting three different laboratory
electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) in an experimental
apparatus containing a Mllllkan cell. Dloctylphthalate
(OOP) droplets and fry ash particles were measured at
temperatures from 23 to 343 C. At comparable vol-
tages and currents for positive and negative coronas,
the data show that the ratio of the values of negative-
to-positlve charge for radii in the range 0.6-1.3 microm-
eters increases from about 1 to 2 as the temperature
increases from 37 to 343 C. Predictions of a mathe-
matical model of ESP using an Ionic charging theory
show good agreement with all positive charging data,
but show good agreement with negative charging data
only at temperatures below 37 C. The differences in
the measurements and the model predictions are con-
sistent with the postulation of free electron charging at
elevated temperatures In negative corona. (Copyright
(c) 1980 American Institute of Physics.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Electric charge, "Electric corona,
Particles, Temperature, Mathematical models, Re-
prints.
PB8M22723 Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measured Fine Particle Collection Characteristic*
of Four Novel Scrubbers. Journal article, Jun 74-Jan
78,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Joseph D. McCain, and Dale L. Harmon. c1980,9p
EPA-600/J-80-089,, IERL-RTP-P-107
Contracts EPA-68-02-1480, EPA-68-02-2181
Pub. In AlChE Symposium Series 196, v76 p346-352
1980.
The report gives results of performance tests to deter-
mine tne fine particle collection of four novel scrub-
bers: a Lone Star Steel Steam-Hydro Scrubber, an
Aronetlcs (Chemlco) Two-Phase Jet Scrubber, an En-
toleter Centrifleld Scrubber, and a CEA Variable-
Throat Venturi Scrubber. The energy consumption of
the scrubbers ranged from about 3000 to 400,000 J/
std cu m (dry). Collection efficiencies for 1-micrometer
diameter particles ranged from about 75% for the col-
lector operating with the lowest energy consumption to
99.995% for the highest. Fractional collection efficien-
cies were measured using a variety of Inertlal, optical,
diftustonal, and electrical methods for particle diame-
ters of from about 0.01 to about 5 micrometers for
each device tested. In addition, the overall collection
efficiency was measured using either EPA Method 5 or
7. Two of the devices were controlling emissions from
primary metallurgical processes; one, from an asphalt
batching plant; and one, from a pulverized-coal-fired
utility boiler. (Copyright (c) The American Institute of
Chemical Engineers, 1980.)
Keywords: *Alr pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
'Scrubbers, Particles, Energy consumption, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Reprints.
PB81-122731
PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Halogenated Organic Compounds on
Photosynthesis In Estuarlne Phytoplankton. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Stanton J. Erickson, and Cynthia E. Hawkins. c1980,
8p EPA-600/J-80-080, ERL-GB-J830
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v24 p910-915 1980.
Chlorine oxidants (chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite,
and calcium hypochlorite) are used as biocides to con-
trol fouling in seawater cooled power generating plants
and to kilf pathogens in sewage effluents entering es-
tuarine waters. The effects of chlorinated by-products
on estuarine phytoplankton are not known. Experi-
ments reported in this study examine singly the effects
of 15 commercially available compounds on photosyn-
thesis by estuarine phytoplankton.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Photosynthesis, 'Phyto-
plankton, Estuaries, Electric power generation, Bio-
cides, Reprints, Pathogens, Sewage treatment ef-
fluents.
PB81-122749 Naot available NTIS
Kepone Effects on Larval Development of Mud-
Crab and Blue-Crab. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. G. Bookhout, J. D. Costlow, Jr., and R. Monroe.
C1980,21p EPA-600/J-80-095
Grant EPA-R-803838
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 13, p57-77 19BO.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine
the effects of Kepone on the larval development of the
mud-crab, Rhlthropanopeus harrisii, and the commer-
cial blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, from the time of
hatching until the 1st crab stage was reached. Differ-
ential survival of R. harrisli from hatching to 1st crab
stage occurred in a range of 35 to 125 ppb Kepone,
whereas differential survival of C. sapidus over the
same period of development occurred in a range of 0.1
to 1.0 ppb. Statistical analysis indicated that, for every
10 ppb Kepone added, duration from hatching to 1st
crab stage of R. harrisii was increased by 0.391 plus or
minus 0.043 days; whereas for each increase of 0.1
ppb, the duration from hatching to 1st crab stage of C.
sapidus is prolonged by 0.38 plus or minus 0.10 days.
The 1st and 2nd zoeal stages of R. harrisii were the
most sensitive developmental stages to Kepone, but
the 1st zoeal stage of C. sapidus was not sensitive,
statistically, to any concentration of Kepone tested. In
zoeal stage of C. sapidus was not sensitive, statistical-
ly, to any concentration of Kepone tested. In zoeal
stages II, IN and IV, there were significant increases In
mortality of C. sapidus over the previous stage In all
media tested.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Development,
Concentration(Composltion), Insecticides, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Crabs, Larvae, Reprints, 'Kepone,
'Toxic substances, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Callin-
ectes sapidus.
PB81-1229A6 PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Gas Phase Hydrocarbon Emis-
sions from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles and
Light-Duty Vehicles Equipped with Diesel En-
gine*. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Penny Carey, and Janet Cohen. Sep 80,31 p EPA-AA-
CTAB/PA/80-5
The purpose of this document is to consolidate much
of the existing data on gas phase hydrocarbon exhaust
emissions from both gasoline vehicles and vehicles
equipped with dlesel engines. This subject Is of Inter-
December 1983 985
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
est because new studies have shown diesel emissions
to contain compounds of high molecular weight. This
high molecular weight component is dominated by par-
ticle-bound hydrocarbons; however, the potential
health risk associated with heavy hydrocarbons merits
examination of the gas phase as well. Particular em-
phasis will be placed on the comparison of emissions
and their potential carcinogenicity. Other areas to be
discussed include evaporative hydrocarbon emissions
and the effect of fuel composition on gasoline gaseous
hydrocarbon emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Diesel
engines, Gasoline engines, Air pollution, Hydrocar-
bons, Carcinogens.
PB81-123028 PC A03/MF A01
Results of Sulfate Tests on Prototype Vehicles.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Sep 76,46p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-03
In January, 1976, the Office of Mobile Source Air Pollu-
tion Control (OMSAPC) of the EPA distributed a report
on the results of the sulfuric acid baseline program.
The report contained results of tests on 56 non-cata-
lyst and catalyst equipped vehicles designed to meet
various light duty vehicle emission standards. Since
that time, EPA-OMSAPC has continued testing various
prototype vehicles with advanced emission control
systems. This report discusses the results of OMSAPC
testing since completion of the last baseline program
report. Fourteen vehicles were tested for gaseous and
sulfate emissions during this period. The objective was
to further characterize sulfuric acid omissions from ve-
hicles with technologically advanced emission control
systems.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Ex-
haust gases, Air pollution control equipment, Air pollu-
tion, Catalytic converters.
PB81-123093 PC A12/MF A01
Air Quality Data -1979 Annual Statistics. Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 80,275p EPA-450/4-80-014
See also report dated Nov 78, PB-294187.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1979. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, and total oxidants. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the oxidant standard and monitoring for hy-
drocarbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards, Tables(Data),
Particles, Concentration(Composition), Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Oxidizers,
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, States(United States), Mon-
itoring, *Air quality data, Storage and retrieval of aero-
metric data.
PB81-123499 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Testing Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues (Test Group Nos. 6 and 8).
Technical rept,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
H. Anthony Ashby. 1979,47p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
See also PB81-115099.
The intention of test group no. 6 was to evaluate the
effect on exhaust emissions of disabling the heated air
intake system. Ten vehicles were selected from the
leaner fleet and were tested before and after disable-
ment of the heated air intake system. No discernible
difference was found between the before and after re-
sults. This result was attributed to the short period of
time the heated air damper remained in the open posi-
tion for the 'before disablement' test. Since all vehicles
were cold soaked at a nominal temperature of 77 F,
the temperature rapidly reached an operating temper-
ature to close the damper. The intent of test group no.
6 was to provide test data to be used to evaluate the
ability of various catalyst diagnostic tests to diagnose
poisoned catalysts. The poisoning of the catalyst was
accomplished by accumulating mileage using tankfuls
of leaded fuel. After repeated tankfuls of leaded fuel
were consumed, mileage was accumulated using tank-
fuls of unleaded fuel to provide data for evaluation of
the rejuvenation process of the catalytic converter.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Mainte-
nance, Inspection, Diagnosis(General), Catalytic con-
verters, Air pollution, Leaded gasoline, Unleaded gas-
oline.
PB81-123515 PC A02/MF A01
A Summary of Industry Comments Received on
Manganese Fuel Additive (MMT). Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas M. Baines. Feb 77,19p EPA-AA-TAEB-77-04
Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl
(MMT) is currently in use as an octane 'trimming'
agent. The Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory (EMSL) of EPA is currently monitoring
manganese (Mn) levels of gasolines sampled from
service stations throughout the United States. The re-
sults of this survey have shown that an increasing per-
centage of the samples taken contain sufficient Mn to
indicate MMT has been used to 'trim' the octane of
that sample. The latest sampling report (September,
1976) indicated 10% of the samples taken during the
first half of 1976 contained significant Mn levels. This
coupled with predictions of much greater use by the oil
companies necessitated EPA requiring MMT be
present in Certification service accumulation fuel be-
ginning with the 1979 model year. EPA has been very
interested in the MMT developments, especially be-
cause of the results of a number of EPA and industry
studies that have recently been completed or are cur-
rently in progress. Some of the results from these stud-
ies show a potential negative influence of MMT on ex-
haust emissions. In order to more fully evaluate the re-
search results of these industry studies, the Emission
Control Technology Division of the EPA Office of
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control invited the submis-
sion of MMT/emission control related data that has
been developed by various companies.
Keywords: 'Fuel additives, 'Manganese, 'Gasoline,
'Air pollution, Manganese organic compounds, Sam-
pling, Exhaust emissions, Octane number, 'Manga-
nese/cyclopentadienyl-methyl-tricarbonyl.
PB81-123572 PC A10/MF A01
Metal Coll Surface Coating Industry - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 80,216p EPA-450/3-80-035A
Contract EPA-68-02-3056
This document contains information used as the basis
for developing proposed New Source Performance
Standards for the metal coil surface coating industry.
The document includes an industry description, de-
scriptions of model plants and regulatory alternatives
considered, and environmental, energy, and economic
impact analyses of the regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Industrial wastes, 'Standards,
'Coils, Regulations, Substitutes, Air pollution control,
Economic impact, Environmental impacts, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, 'New source per-
formance standards, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB81-123804 PC A09/MF A01
Chloroneb: Pesticide Registration Standard*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Sep 80,181pEPA/SPRD-80/510
A comprehensive statement of the Agency's regulato-
ry position on all pesticide products containing the
same active ingredient. The document, which dis-
cusses chloroneb, describes the data upon which the
regulatory position is based, provides the rationale for
the position and states the conditions which must be
met to register a product under a standard.
Keywords; 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chemistry, Manu-
facturing, Environmental surveys, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, Ecology, Regulations, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Cnloroneb, Benzene/dichloro-dimethoxy,
Path of oollutants.
PB81-123612 PC A04/MF A01
Fumarln: Pesticide Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Sep 80,58p EPA/SPRD-80/515
A comprehensive statement of the Agency's regulato-
ry position on all pesticide products containing the
same active ingredient. The document, which dis-
cusses Fumarin, describes the data upon which the
regulatory position is based, provides the rationale for
the position and states the conditions which must be
met to register a product under a standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chemistry, Manu-
facturing, Environmental surveys, Toxicology, RBS|-
dues, Ecology, Regulations, Coumarins, Organic salts,
'Fumarin, Coumarm/acetonylfurfuryl-hydroxy, Path of
pollutants.
PB81-123820 PC A08/MF A01
Metolachlor: Pesticide Registration Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Sep 80,173p EPA/SPRD-80/520
A comprehensive statement of the Agency's regulato-
ry position on all pesticide products containing the
same active ingredient. The document, which dis-
cusses metolacnlor, describes the data upon which
the regulatory position is based, provides the rationale
for the position and states the conditions which must
be met to register a product under a standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chemistry, Manu-
facturing, Environmental surveys, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, Ecology, Regulations, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Metolacnlor, Acetamide/chloro-N-(ethy-
methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-methylethyl), Path of pol-
lutants.
PB8M23960 PC A06/MF A01
Strychnine: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Sep 80,122p EPA/OPP-80/16
The report is a risk/benefit analysis. It includes qualita-
tive and quantitative risks of the pesticide, value of
crop uses, availability of alternative pesticides, and ex-
posure to mana and environment. Identification of risK
reducing regulatory options and proposed Agency
action are also included.
Keywords: 'Strychnine, 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, CNS
stimulants, Exposure, Animals, Criteria, Risk, Substi-
tutes, Regulations, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Production, Toxicity, Lethal dosage, Anti-
coagulants, Fumigation, 'Toxic substances, Heal"1
risks, Benefits, Zinc phosphides.
PB81-124349 PC A02/MF A01
Concentration of Pollovlrus In Water by Molecular
Filtration. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Donald Berman, Mary-Ellen Rohr, and Robert S.
Safferman. Aug 80,6p EPA-600/J-80-161
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v*°
n2p426-428Aug80.
The efficiency of concentrating poliovirus 1 from dis-
tilled water samples was determined by using a recir-
culatlng-flow molecular filtration system. The most effi-
cient recoveries were achieved against membranes
with a 10,000 nominal molecular weight limit pretreat-
ed with flocculated beef extract. This procedure yield-
ed a mean virus recovery of 67%.
986 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Water quality, 'Filtration, Waste
water, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Meth-
ods, Reprints.
PB81-124414 PC A10/MF A01
Organic Analyse* In Water Quality Control Pro-
gram* - Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Charles Feldmann. Nov 80, 209p* EPA-430/ 1-80-01 1
Supersedes PB-297 71 3.
A lecture /laboratory manual dealing with the analysis
pj selected organic pollutants. Intended for use by
those having little or no experience in the field, but
naving one year (or equivalent) of college organic
chemistry, and having basic laboratory skills (volumet-
[ic glassware, titration assemblies, analytical and trip
balances). Topics include dissolved oxygen, biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, carbon
analysis chemical oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and
grease phenolics, gas chromatography, and polychlo-
rinated biphenyls.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Manuals, Chemical analysis, Handbooks, Dissolved
Qases, Oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand,
sources, Ammonia, Organic nitrates, Laboratory
equipment, Industrial wastes, Phenols, Volumetric
analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Surfactants,
Oils, Water pollution, Greases, Gas chromatography,
Water pollution detection, 'Water quality, Polychlori-
"ated biphenyls, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB81-124539 PC A99/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
vJH.
Proceeding*: Flr*t National Symposlum/Work-
*hop on Rotating Biological Contactor Technolo-
gy Held at Champion, Pennsylvania on February
H 1980. Volume I,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
yeun C/VVu, Ed D. Smith, E. J. Opatken, R. D. Miller,
and J. A. Borchardt. Jun 80, 792p EPA-600/9-80-046A
sponsored in part by Army Construction Engineering
research Lab., Champaign, IL. See also Volume 2,
pB81 -124547.
This document is a compilation of 68 papers presented
« we First National Symposium/Workshop on Rotat-
£9 Biological Contactor (RBC) Technology sponsored
PJ' the University of Pittsburgh in cooperation with the
us Army Construction Engineering Research Labora-
tory (Champaign, IL) and the USEPA Office of Re-
search and Development's Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio). The Symposi-
um/Workshop was held February 4-6, 1980 at Cham-
pion, Pennsylvania. The papers presented in the three-
pay Symposium and the findings of the research needs
workshop comprise the major portion of these pro-
ceedings. The Symposium/ Workshop proceedings will
Document present knowledge regarding RBC technol-
ogy. The papers are divided Into 1 1 major topic areas:
Perspective, overview, history, process variables and
j"OTilm properties, municipal wastewater treatment,
°jokinetic studies, air drive and supplemental aeration,
naustrial wastewater treatment, concepts and models,
"Pgrading primary and secondary waste treatment
systems with RBC's, design and operation, nitrification
and denitriflcation, and selections and economics.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
{T0{> 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Meetings, Films,
surfaces. Kinetics, Aeration, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Technology, 'Rotating biological
^ntactors, Numerical solutions.
?.8«1-124547 PC A99/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
froceedinge: First National Sympoeium/Work-
•nop on Rotating Biological Contactor Technolo-
jy Held at Champion, Pennsylvania on February
S«,1980.Volumell,
rntsburgh Univ., PA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
c. Wu, Ed D. Smith, E. J. Opatken, R. D. Miller,
, , ,
|"tl J. A. Borchardt. Jun 80, 738p EPA-600/9-80-046B
gPonsored in part by Army Construction Engineering
Lab., Champaign, IL. See also Volume 1,
PB81-124539.
This document is a compilation of 68 papers presented
M the First National Symposium/Workshop on Rotat-
ing Biological Contactor (RBC) Technology sponsored
by the University of Pittsburgh in cooperation with the
US Army Construction Engineering Research Labora-
tory (Champaign, IL) and the USEPA Office of Re-
search and Development's Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio). The Symposi-
um/Workshop was held February 4-6,1980 at Cham-
pion, Pennsylvania. The papers presented in the three-
day Symposium and the findings of the research needs
Workshop comprise the major portion of these pro-
ceedings. The Symposium/Workshop proceedings will
document present knowledge regarding RBC technol-
ogy. The papers are divided into 11 major topic areas:
perspective, overview, history, process variables and
biofilm properties, municipal wastewater treatment,
biokinetic studies, air drive and supplemental aeration,
industrial wastewater treatment, concepts and models,
upgrading primary and secondary waste treatment
systems with RBC's, design and operation, nitrification
and denitrification, and selections and economics.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Meetings, Mathe-
matical models, Films, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Kinetics, Economics, Nitrification, Sur-
faces, 'Rotating biological contactors, Numerical solu-
tion, Denitrification.
PB81-124901 PC A08/MF A01
Summary of Audit Performance: Measurement of
302, N02, Sulfate, Nitrate, Lead, HI-Vol Flow Rate,
1978,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Steven M. Bromberg, Robert L. Lampe, and Berne I.
Bennett. Jun 80,157p EPA-600/4-80-017
The report summarizes the results of the quality assur-
ance audits for the period from January, 1978 through
December, 1978. Pollutants for which audits were con-
ducted and results reported are SO2, NO2, sulfate, ni-
trate, lead, and hl-vol flow rate. The operation of the
EPA audit program is also described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, 'Audits,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Lead(Metal), Flow rate.
PB81-124992 PC A22/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1979. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 76-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Aug 80,516p USGS/WRD/HD-80-047, USGS-WDR-
CO-79-1
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Colorado.
See also report dated Aug 79, PB80-119944.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1979 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, 93 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 200 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
143 gaging stations and 130 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, Rio Grande River Basin, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, Dlscharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB81-125007 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gaseous and Paniculate Ammonia and Nitric Acid
Concentration*, Columbus, Ohio Area-Summer
1980. Interim rept.,
University of South Florida, Tampa.
Robert S. Braman, and Timothy J. Shelley. Dec 80,
34pEPA-600/7-80-179
Grant EPA-R-806688
Data is presented for gaseous ammonia and nitric acid
and paniculate ammonium ion and nitrate ton concen-
trations in air samples collected in support of the
PEPE-NEROS study during the summer of 1980.
Ground-level samples were collected near Croton,
Ohio; aerial samples were also taken from an aircraft
during several flights. Sampling and analyses were ac-
complished using the hollow and packed tube tungstic
acid method that permits short sampling times of 10-
30 minutes. Feasibility of sampling from aircraft was
established. Quality control was maintained by meas-
uring the preconcentration tube efficiency before and
during field analysis.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Particles, 'Nitric acid,
•Ammonia, Sampling, Air pollution, Field tests, Aerial
surveys, Ohio, Concentration(Compositlon), 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB81-125015 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
PoTynuclear Aromatic Compound*. Synthetic and
Purification. Final rept.,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Chemistry.
E. J. Eisenbraun. Dec 80,100p EPA-600/2-80-204
GrantEPA-R-805419
See also report dated Jan 78, PB-277 469.
The synthesis and/or purification of a group of polynu-
clear aromatic (PNA) compounds commonly found as
pollutants in the environment are reviewed and dis-
cussed. Details of the experimental procedures and
techniques as well as chromatographlc and spectros-
copic evidence of structure and purity of the com-
pounds supplied to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency are presented. In addition, the apparatus de-
signed and constructed to meet the synthesis needs
together with safety improvements for handling toxic
compounds are described. Publications resulting from
this work and manuscripts In preparation are cited.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Air
pollution, 'Synthesis(Chemlstry), 'Purification, Chemi-
cal reactions, Molecular structure, Nuclear magnetic
resonance, Laboratory equipment, Industrial wastes,
Spectrochemical analysis, Samples.
PB81-125296 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Production of Non-Food-Chain Crops with
Sewage Sludge. Research rept.,
PEER Consultants, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Lilia A. Abron-Robinson, Cecil Lue-Hing, Edward J.
Martin, and David W. Lake. Nov 80,109p* EPA-600/2-
80-199
Contract EPA-68-03-2743
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Quality
Systems, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Feasibility and market potential were determined for
non-food-chain crops cultivated using sewage sludge.
Non-food-chain crops that are currently being sold on
the open market or that have a good potential for mar-
ketability were selected. From a list of 20 crops, 3 were
selected and subjected to a cost analysis to determine
how the costs for cultivation using sewage sludge
compared with the costs for cultivation using commer-
cial fertilizer. Cotton, sod, and energy biomass trees
were determined to have the best potential for cultiva-
tion using sewage sludge, based on the market values
and nutrient requirements for each crop, and on the
hectares presently under cultivation for production of
these crops. Results indicate that large quantities of
sewage sludge can be used, based solely on the nitro-
gen and phosphorus requirements for the cultivation of
these crops.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Fertilizers. 'Plant
growth, 'Cost effectiveness, Feasibility, Market value,
Cotton plants, Grasses, Forest trees, Biomass, Market
research, Cost analysis, Transportation, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Requirements, Production, Cost compari-
son, *Land application.
PB81-126601 PC A04/MF A01
Region V's Guidance for Developing a State Mal-
function Notification and Correction Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Henry Onsgard. Dec 80,74p EPA-805/2-80-006
December 1983 987
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report is intended to summarize the development
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Region V's malfunction policy, Region V's States mal-
function regulations and to provide assistance to the
States outside of Region V in reviewing their malfunc-
tion regulations.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Regulations, Failures, *EPA
region 5, 'Malfunctions.
PBB1-125676 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pentachlorophenol In the Environment: Evidence
for He Origin from Commercial Pentachlorophenol
by Negative Chemical lonlzatlon Mae* Spectrome-
try. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Douglas W. Kuehl, and Ralph C. Dougherty. 18 Jan 80,
5p EPA-600/J-80-085,, ERL.GB-J0070
Grant EPA-R-806334-00-10
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v14 n4 p447-449 Apr 80.
Commercial Pentachlorophenol (PCP) contains signifi-
cant quantities of tetrachlorophenol (TCP). The occur-
rence of TCP In environmental samples provides a
chemical marker for PCP originating from commercial
formulations. Negative chemical lonTzation mass spec-
trometry has been used to examine a commercial PCP
formulation and a series of environmental and human
samples. Tetrachlorophenol was determined by the
Ion current at m/z 229, tetrachlorophenoxide, and PCP
was determined by the Ion current at m/z 267, pen-
tachlorophenoxide. The Ion current at m/z 267 may In-
clude contributions from the oxygen/chloride ex-
change product of hexachlorobenzene, an environ-
mental precursor of PCP. The ratio of PCP to TCP In
Dowclde G-ST, a commercial PCP formulation was 2.5
plus or minus 0.1. The ratio of m/z 267 to m/z 229 in a
jellyfish, Mnemlopsls macrydl, from the Gulf of Mexico
was 2.7 plus or minus 0.1, In human seman It was 4.1
plus or minus 0.1, and in human adipose tissue It was
15.5 plus or minus 0.1. PCP in the seman was concen-
trated in the sperm cells by a factor of 9.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pollution, Samples,
Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Chemical lonlzatlon
mass spectroscopy, 'Phenol/pentachloro, 'Biological
samples, Phenol/tetrachloro.
PB81-125684 PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Sediment Sorptlon on Mlcroblal Degra-
dation of Toxic Substances. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
William C. Steen, Doris F. Paris, and George L.
Baughman. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-132
Pub. In Contaminants and Sediments, v1 p477-482
1960.
The degradation of compounds at concentrations nor-
mally encountered in environmental samples can be
adequately described by a second-order rate expres-
sion, which accounts for sorption in sedimentwater
systems. ATP is used as a measure of population size.
It will be shown that sorption of toxics to suspended
sediments rendered the compound unavailable for
degradation In the absorbed state. Further testing of
this kinetic expression Is needed, however, for broader
classes of compounds having wider ranges of sorptlve
properties.
Keywords: 'Degradation, 'Solution, 'Sediments,
ConcentrationfComposrtton), Microorganisms, Water,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Adenoslne triphoaphate.
PB81-125692 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
'Rlvulus marmoratus': A Unique Fl«h Useful In
Chronic Marine Bloa«*ay* of Halogenated Organ-
ic*. Journal article,
Charleston Coll., SC. Qrtee Marine Biological Lab.
Christopher C. Koenig, and Claudia McLean. 1980,9p
EPA-600/J-80-155, .ERL.GB-0099
Grant EPA-R-805489
Pub. In Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v3 p827-8331980.
Results are reported for chronic marine bioassays ex-
posing the cyprinodontid fish Rlvulus marmoratus, to
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol. Purpose of the study was to
Illustrate the value of R. marmoratus as a chronic bio-
assay animal. Results demonstrated the relative Insen-
sltivrty of R. marmoratus to chronic toxic effects of the
chemical, but pathological changes were observed.
Fish at least two-months-old showed gill damage rang-
ing from severe (at the highest exposure concentra-
tion) to moderate and slight (at the lowest concentra-
tion). Such pathological changes might not be seen in
chronic laboratory experiments with organisms of
greater sensitivities.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, Indicator species,
Bloassay, Histology, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Pa-
thology, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, Bioin-
dicators, Rivulus marmoratus, 'Toxic substances,
'Phenol/tetrachloro.
PB81-125700 PC A02/MF A01
Quantitative Expreselon of Blotransformatlon
Rate. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
George L. Baughman, Doris F. Paris, and William C.
Steen. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-80-120
Pub. In Biotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in the
Aquatic Environment, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy, Washington, DC., p105-111 1980.
Methodologies and approaches to the study of micro-
bial transformation of organic compounds In natural
waters and sediments are outlined. Tentative evidence
is given to demonstrate that use of rate constants is a
reasonable approach. Application of second-order ki-
netics incorporating the effects of organic compound
concentration, bacterial concentration, and sorption by
suspended sediment Is made to natural systems.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Kinetics, Sediments,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Organic compounds,
Blodeterloration, Waters, Reprints.
PB81-125718 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Thin-Layer Separation of Citric Acid Cycle Inter-
mediates, Lactic Acid, and the Amlno Add Tau-
rlne. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallls. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
Ronald T. Rlley, and Michael C. Mix. 31 Jul 79,5p EPA-
600/J-80-082,, ERL.GB-J0079
Grants EPA-R-804427010, NOAA-04-5-158-2
Pub. In Jnl. of Chromatography, vi89 p286-288 1980.
This paper describes a two-dimensional mixed-layer
method for separating citric acid cycle intermediates,
lactic acid and the amlno acid taurlne. The method
cleanly separates all citric acid cycle Intermediates
tested, excepting citric add and isocltric acid. The sol-
vents are Inexpensive and the method allows for the
rapid and quantitative removal of isolated 14C-labeled
acids by utilizing a simple cellulose acetate stripping
mixture.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Thin layer Chromatog-
raphy, 'Citric acid, 'Lactic acid, Separation, Isotopic
labeling, Amino acids, Sampling, Reprints.
PB81-125817 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Monitoring In the Vadoee Zone: A Review of Tech-
nical Element* and Method*,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. Center for
Advanced Studies.
L. Q. Wilson. Jun 80,166p EPA-600/7-80-134
Contract EPA-V-0591 .NALX
This report covers the topics of (1) principles of pollut-
ant movement in the vadose zone (zone of aeration or
unsaturated zone), (2) basic chemical reactions of
fluids In the zone, (3) state-of-the-art monitoring tech-
niques, and (4) the relative advantages and disadvan-
tages of the different monitoring techniques. Recent
intense concern over hazardous waste disposal has
Indicated the need for Instruction on how to monitor In
the vadose zone and to identify the potential gains
from the limitations of the methods available for moni-
toring in this zone. This report provides technical infor-
mation needed by regulating agencies and Industrial
concerns In dealing with waste disposal problems.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water wells, 'Aquifers,
•Water pollution, Monitoring, Waste disposal, Hazard-
ous materials, Aeration, Earth fills, Fluid In filtration,
Porosity, Well logging. Perched water, Chemical reac-
tions, Soil water, Water storage, Neutrons spectrosco-
py, Piezoelectric gages, Hydraulic conductivity,
'vadose water.
PB81-125825 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Data Systems U*er
Guide: Project Profile System. Final rept. Aug 79-
Apr 80,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
J. P. Reider. Jun 80,195p EPA-600/8-80-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
The report is a user guide to the Project Profile System
(PPS), a computerized data base on projects of vari-
ous types that pertain to specific industrial categories.
PPS Is one of five data bases which are components of
the Environmental Assessment Data Systems (EADS),
designed to aid researchers in environmental assess-
ment, emissions characterization, and control technol-
ogy development. PPS contains data from nine gener-
al projects: source monitoring; integrated assessment;
transport, transportation, and fate; socioeconomics;
sampling methods development; fuels; control tech-
nology; ecological effects; and health effects. Each
project described in the PPS is identified by its spon-
sor, contractor, and other administrative information.
The PPS contains an abstract of each project reported
in text form and lists pertinent references. The specific
data in the PPS depends largely on the type of project
being reported; however, sufficient detail is available to
report on a particular pollutant being sought or identi-
fied during the project. The PPS does not give results
(e.g., pollutant concentrations, process data); it tells
what the project involved. The guide gives detailed in-
structions for encoding PPS datasets, defines proce-
dures for submitting and retrieving data, and contains
standard nomenclature to facilitate data encoding. The
guide also discusses procedures to access PPS.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Guidelines, Assessments, Data retrieval, 'Envi-
ronmental assessment data systems. Project profile
system.
PB81-126351 PC A09/MF AO»
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Regional Air Pollution Study: Effect* of Airborne
Sulfur Pollutant* on Material*. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Creve Coeur, MO. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
F. Mansfeld. Jan 80,180p EPA-600/4-80-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2093
Samples of galvanized steel, weathering steel, A1
2014 and 7079 stress samples, silver, marble, nylon
and two types of house paint were exposed at nine
sites of the Regional Air Monitoring System in the at
Louis area. Wind speed and direction, temperature,
dew point, total sulfur, S02, H2S, 03, NOx, total hydro-
carbons, total suspended paniculate matter, surfate
and nitrate were recorded. For galvanized steel a pro-
nounced effect of time of first exposure was observed.
The corrosion behavior of weathering steel was not
seasonally dependent. House paint showed discontin-
uous erosive behavior. Exposure to the south was
more erosive than exposure to the north. Rates for
latex paint were higher than for oil based paint. The
erosion rate of marble decreased with time. At some
sites 50% reflectance loss of sliver occurred after 3
months exposure. All samples of A1 7079 at 25 K»
failed In less than 255 days, while complete failure at
15 Ksi occurred between 277 and 630 days. For A1
2014 more scatter was observed. The pollution level*
In St. Louis were found to be rather low. Ozone
showed similar seasonal changes as the temperature.
Sites close to the center of St. Louis had lower ozone
but higher NOx and total hydrocarbon levels. Surfate
was about twice as high in summer as In winter. A flw
attempt at multiple regression analysis was made. Ap-
parent inconsistencies in the estimated effects are be-
lieved to be due to multicollinearlty.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Deterioration, Material*
tests, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Ozone, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Particles, Sulfates, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Galvanized materials, Steels, Silver,
Marble, Nylon, Paints, Samples, Aluminum, Exposure,
Weathering, 'Air quality data.
PB81-126369 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
988 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Development of a Chemical Toxlclty Assay for
Pulp Mill Effluents. Final rept. 1 Mar 79-31 Aug 80,
British Columbia Research Council, Vancouver.
J- M. Leach, and L. T. K. Chung. Dec 80,105p EPA-
600/2-80-206
Grant EPA-R-804977-01
A chemical analysis procedure was developed to
measure within 1.5 hours compounds responsible for
the toxlclty of pulp mill effluents to fish. Analytical re-
sults for 113 samples of raw and biologically-treated
bleached and unbleached kraft, sulphite and ground-
wood effluents were converted via toxic units into esti-
mates o1 acute lethal toxicity. Agreement between 96-
n median lethal concentrations calculated by this
method, and values from bioassays of the effluents
"sing rainbow trout was within 30% for 73% of the
samples examined. Biological treatment was highly ef-
fective in removing the known toxic compounds at pulp
mills on the Willamette River, OR. and the Androscog-
flln River, NH. and ME., based on estimates of toxicant
loadings Into and out of the biobasins.
Keywords: "Paper industry, "Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, Samples, Concentration(Composltlon), Bio-
assay, Fishes, Toxcity, Gas chromatography,
Tables(Data), "Water pollution effects(Animals), Bio-
'Qfllcal Industrial waste treatment.
£881-126377 PC A12/MF A01
tnvironmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
gC/Ms Analysis of Ambient Air Aerosols In ths
Houston, Texas Area. Final rept. Aug 78-Dec 79,
research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Charles M. Sparaclno. Nov 80,263p RTI-/1680/00,
EPA-600/2-80-194
Contract EPA-68-02-2963
Ambient air aerosols and vapor samples were collect-
fa by Radian Corp., Austin, TX. In the Houston, Texas
area using three different samplers. A High Volume
sampler and dlchotomous sampler were used for the
collection of particulate matter; vapor-phase organic
samples were collected with a resin trap sampler de-
veloped by Illinois Institute of Technology Research In-
stitute (tITRI). The Research Triangle Institute (RTI)
was responsible for qualitative and quantitative analy-
ses of these samples. Vapors were analyzed by ther-
mal desorption from the resin bed followed by glass
fSS'Jary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
w^/MS). HI-Vol samples were extracted and solvent-
Partitioned prior to analysis by GC/MS. Dlchotomous
"I'ers were extracted and the concentrated extracts
analyzed directly by GC/MS. Results showed the pres-
JUJoe of many saturated and unsaturated hydrocar-
oons In all samples. Vapor-phase organics (IITRI sam-
Pies) consisted predominantly of hydrocarbons (C4-
J*'5), alkylated benzenes and some chlorinated com-
pounds. Results from the dlchotomous samples indi-
cate insufficient collection of material for comprehen-
sive analysis. The extracts from HI-Vol filters contained
•mall quantities of organics. Their analysis was further
Complicated by the presence of background contami-
nants, tentatively identified as siloxanes. Quantitative
analysis was carried out for selected components from
^acn sample type.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Aerosols, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Air pol-
""pn, Sampling, ConcentratlonfComposition), Sites,
laboratory equipment, Design criteria, TableafOata),
w pollution detection, "HoustonfTexas), Air pollution
Campling.
JJBB1-126443 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Trl-
a"9tePark,NC.
Antique of Methods to Messure Dry Deposition;
workshop Summary. Final rept.,
S'QOnne National Lab., IL
evil* B' Hlok8'Marvln L Wesely, and Jack L. Durham.
U0t 80,82p EPA-600/9-80-050
t^Jhe Workshop on Dry Deposition Methodology, held
—iber 4 and 5,1979, at the Argonne National Lab-
1 In Argonne, Illinois, dry deposition measure-
Jchniques were assessed for routine monitoring
u ' majority opinion was reached that commonly-
K~I|p techniques such as surrogate surfaces and col-
nS on vessels are not sufficiently accurate for use In
^•"worka, because the highly varied properties of the
ouo»r?' 8urfaces of interest cannot be simulated ade-
Huately. Further research was recommended on dry
deposition parameters In order to estimate dry deposi-
tion rates, if possible, from measurements of atmos-
pheric concentrations at a single height, together with
observations of surface properties and micrometeoro-
logical parameters. The ability to perform such Investi-
gations In the field is critically dependent upon ad-
vances In chemical and physical capabilities to provide
methods with standard relative errors of less than 1
percent for a single instrument on successive meas-
urements, or with time responses of less than 1
second. These requirements are not being achieved
for many pollutant species. At present, the most prom-
ising methods for monitoring are eddy accumulation,
modified Bowen ration, and variance. Alternative views
are presented in Appendix C.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Deposition, "Meetings,
Monitoring, Acids, Concentration(Composltlon),
Flux(Rate), "Air quality, Dry methods, Procedures.
PB81-126450 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Study of Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas In
Fresh-Water Lakes In Virginia. Final rept. Oct 76-
Jan 80,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond.
Richard J. Duma. Dec 80,145p EPA-600/1-80-037
Grant EPA-R-805014
Pathogenic free-living amebas may produce fatal In-
fection of the central nervous system known as Pri-
mary Ameblc Meningoencephafltls (PAM). In Rich-
mond, Virginia, 17 cases have occurred, more than In
any other location In the world. The objectives were to
examine freshwater lakes In the Richmond, VA area
for pathogenic amebas, particularly Naeglerla, and
gain some understanding of conditions which might
affect their occurrence. Nine lakes with different llmno-
logical characteristics were sampled biweekly. Amebo-
flagellates consistent with Naeglerla were often Isolat-
ed from all lakes, but pathogenic ones were found in-
frequently. The reason for this finding appeared to be
temperate climate and short periods of time (days to
weeks) that sustained elevations of water temperature
(>26C) occurred. No quantitative relationship of con-
form bacteria to pathogenic amebas or ameboflagel-
lates was found, but Pseudomonas fluorescens and
Serratla marcescens appeared In the laboratory to be
inhibitory to pathogenic Naegleria. In virtually every
lake from which Ps. fluorescens was consistently Iso-
lated, no pathogenic Naegleria were found. The major-
ity of pathogens and the most virulent organisms were
isolated from the North Anna Reservoir complex which
contained several coolant lagoons and canals for a nu-
clear power plant. Studies of this complex suggested
that if natural fresh waters are artificially heated for a
selected or concentrated, even in a cold or hostile cli-
mate, possibly serving as a source for contaminating
other nearby waters. Pathogenic Naegleria were Iso-
lated only with thermal enrichment, but .ot before or
after.
Keywords: "Amoeba, "Protozoal diseases, Inverte-
brates, Lakes, Virginia, Fresh water biology, Limnolo-
gy, Surface waters, "Pathogens, Rlchmond(Vlrglnla),
Menlngoencephalltis, Naegleria.
PB81-126468 PC A02/MF A01
Validity of Fecal Conforms, Total Conforms, and
Fecsl Streptococci as Indicators of Viruses In
Chlorinated Primary Sewage Effluents. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
natl, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, Daniel R. Dahllng, Gerald A. Brown, and
Donald Berman. 13 Sep 78,7p EPA-600/J-78-175,
EMSL-189
Pub. In Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v36
n6p880-884Dec78.
Quantities of combined chlorine that usually destroyed
more than 99.999% of the Indigenous fecal conforms,
total conforms, and fecal streptococci In primary
sewage effluents destroyed only 85 to 99% of the in-
digenous viruses present. Viruses were recovered
from five of eight chlorinated primary effluents from
which fecal conforms were not recovered by standard
most-probable-number procedures. The limited vol-
umes of such chlorinated effluents that can be tested
for indicator bacteria with currently available multiple-
tube and membrane filter technics restrict the value of
fecal conforms, fecal streptococci, and even total con-
forms as indicators of viruses In these effluents. Al-
though fecal conforms and fecal streptococci are
useful indicators of viruses In effluents from which
these bacteria are recovered, the absence of these
bacteria and even total conforms from disinfected ef-
fluents (In standard tests) does not assure that viruses
are also absent.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Indicator species, "Viruses,
Coliform bacteria, Streptococcus, Validity, Chlorina-
tlon, Water pollution, Microorganisms, Reprints, Bloln-
dlcators, Sewage treatment effluents.
PB81-128476 PC A02/MF A01
Method for Recovering Viruses from River Water
Solids. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
Gerald Berg, and Daniel R. Dahllng. Apr 80,6p EPA-
600/J-80-157,EMSL-191
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v39
n4p850-853Apr80.
Small numbers of vlrions (pollovirus 1) that had been
adsorbed to river water solids were eluted by mixing
the solids for 30 minutes with a 10% solution of beef
extract that contained sufficient Na2HP04 to bring the
molarlty of the salt to 0.05 and sufficient citric acid to
bring the pH to 7. The virlons were recovered by Inocu-
lating the beef extract onto cell cultures. With this
method, 39 to 63% of the poliovlrlons that had been
adsorbed onto the river water solids were recovered.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Pollovlruses, "Recovery, "Isola-
tion, Rivers, pH, Cell cultures, Water, Reprints, "Water
pollution control.
PB81-126484 PC A02/MF A01
Application of Fabric Filtration to Combustion
Sources. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
James H. Turner. 1980,12p EPA-600/J-80-112
Pub. in AlChE Symposium Series 196, v76 p369-379
1980.
The report gives results of a study of the application of
fabric filtration to combustion sources, with emphasis
on research and development efforts directed toward
assessment and documentation of full-scale baghouse
operation, better understanding of the filtration proc-
ess, and improvements in current technology.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Air filters, Performance
evaluation, Technology, Boilers, Incinerators, Re-
prints, "Fabric filters, "Baghouses.
PB61-126492 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Status of Flue Qas Desulfurlzstlon on Utility end
Industrial Boilers In the United Statee and Japan.
Journal article,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
N. Kaplan, M. A. Maxwell, T. Devltt, and B. Laseke.
1980,24p EPA-600/J-80-109,, IERL-RTP-P-149
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
Pub. in American Inst. of Chemical Engineers Sympo-
sium Series, 196, v76 p95-1161980.
The report quantifies the U.S. sulfur oxide (SOx) emis-
sions problem, and attributes it, proportionately, to Its
various significant sources. It briefly presents the regu-
latory framework applicable to the control of SO2 air
pollution, and mentions projected regulatory changes.
It cites various SOx control technologies, but empha-
sizes flue gas desulfurlzation (FGD). Itbrtefly describes
processes for currently operating full-scale FGD sys-
tems. It discusses the current status of FGD systems
applied to utility and industrial boilers, with emphasis
on utility systems. It gives the number of units and con-
trolled capacity for systems currently operating, under
construction, and planned. It discusses major prob-
lems Incident to the application of FGD systems, with
respect to their Impact on system dependability. It tab-
ulates capital and annual costs of FGD systems for
actual operating systems, and presents adjusted costs
for these systems to permit system/type comparisons.
It also gives cost estimates for generalized or model
plant designs, and compares these estimates with re-
ported and adjusted actual system costs. (Projected
growth of FGD use is based on currently planned utility
December 1983 989
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
units and more stringent regulations.) The report com-
pares these projected growth rates of utility FGD appli-
cations with a projected need for FGD. The status of
FGD systems in Japan is also described.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur oxides, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Technology, Cost anal-
ysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, 'Foreign technology, Flue gas
desulfurization.
PB81-126559 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlcologlcal and Physiological Response* of the
Fish, 'Lelostomus xanthuru*', Exposed to Chlo-
rine Produced Oxldants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Douglas P. Middaugh, Louis E. Burnett, and John A.
Couch. Jun 80,13p EPA-600/J-80-094, CONTRIB-
378
Pub. in Estuaries, v3 n2 p132-141 Jun 80. Prepared in
cooperation with Belle W. Baruch Inst. for Marine Biol-
ogy and Coastal Research, Columbia, SC.
The sublethal and lethal effects of chlorine produced
oxidants (CPO) on juveniles of the estuarine teleost,
Leiostomus xanthurus, were investigated in flowing
water tests conducted at 30 plus or minus 1C and 26 to
31 % salinity. Short-term LT50 tests were conducted at
two nominal concentrations of NaOC11.0 and 1.4 mg/l
(respective measured CPO concentrations 0.09 and
0.12 mg/l) which were sublethal in 2,880 minute expo-
sures; and three nominal concentrations, 1.6,1.8, and
3.2 mg/l NaOCI (respective measured CPO concen-
trations 0.13 and 0.37 mg/l) which were acutely toxic.
Opercular ventilation rates in exposed spot were much
higher than in control fish, but returned to rates only
slightly above those of controls during the latter por-
tion of the 2,880 minute exposure of the two sublethal
CPO concentrations. Opercular rates at the three
acutely toxic CPO concentrations remained much
higher than control rates until the exposed fish died.
Oxygen uptake by spot was depressed at all the meas-
ured concentrations of CPO tested. Histopathological
examinations showed that gill respiratory ephithelial
tissues sloghed away from the underlying pillar cells.
Complete denudation of circulatory tissues and he-
mangiectlc secondary lamellae were observed in gill
tissues from fish exposed to the highest CPO concen-
trations of 0.37 mg/l.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Chlorine, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
Estuaries, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Ox-
idizers, Responses(Biology), Salinity, Reprints, Leios-
tomus xanthurus, 'Toxic substances, Sewage treat-
ment effluents.
PB81-126567 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The Uptake of Aromatic and Branched Chain Hy-
drocarbons by Yeast Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
S. A. Crow, S. L. Bell, and D. G. Ahearn. 1980,7p EPA-
600/J-80-087,, ERL.GB-J0080
Contract N00014-76-1058, Grant EPA-R-80477
Pub. in Botanical Marina, v23 pH 7-1201980.
Studies of the hydrocarbon utilizing yeasts, Candida
maltosa and C. lipolytJca, have shown that both were
capable of reducing recoverable amounts of branched
chain and aromatic hydrocarbons in a mixture of naph-
thalene, tetradecane, hexadecane, pristane (tetra-
methylpentadecane). Cells of C. llpolytica grown on
either glucose or tetradecane were capable of binding
(rendering unextractable) nearly 50% of the hydrocar-
bon mixture within 3 hours. In contrast cells of C. mal-
tosa bound hydrocarbons only after growth on a hydro-
carbon medium. Uptake of selected paraffinic hydro-
carbon was not altered by the presence of naphtha-
lene. Pristane uptake was concentration dependent
for C. maltosa but not for C. lipolytica. Uptake, trans-
port, and metabolism of hydrocarbons In C. maltosa
and C. lipolytica differ.
Keywords: 'Yeasts, 'Hydrocarbons, Plants(Botany),
Naphthalene, Reprints, Candida maltosa, Candida li-
polytica, Tetradecanes, Hexadecanes, Pentadecane/
tetramethyl.
PB81-126575 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Determination of 1,2-Dlols by Indirect Atomic Ab-
sorption with Digested Lead Perlodate. Journal ar-
ticle,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Chemistry.
Barrie Tan, Paul Melius, and Melvin V. Kilgore. 7 Dec
79,5p EPA-600/J-80-079,, ERL.GB-J0074
Grant EPA-R-806213-010
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v52 p602-6041980.
Techniques are described for the determination of 1,2-
Diols by indirect atomic absorption with digested lead
periodate. Preliminary experiments indicate that sty-
rene glycol can be determined in the presence of sty-
rene epoxide. This is of particular Interest because ep-
oxlde hydrase catalyzes the hydrolysis of an epoxide
to a 1,2-diol. The procedure may lend itself to the de-
termination of the enzyme activity of epoxide hydrase,
known for its pivotal role in the metabolism of many
carcinogens and toxic compounds.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Glycols, 'Carcino-
gens, Atomic spectroscopy, Absorption spectra, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Biological samples, Atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, Lead periodate.
PB81-126583 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Reseach Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Mlcromethods for Toxic Residue Screening by
Negative Chemical lonlzatlon Mass Spectrometry.
Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Douglas W. Kuehl, Michael J. Whitaker, and Ralph C.
Dougherty. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-086
Grant EPA-R-8063340010
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 52, p935-9401980.
Methods were developed for the analysis of polychlori-
nated chemical residues found in milligram quantities
of biological samples. Sample preparation by micro-
continuous liquid-liquid extraction steam distillation or
by micro gel-permeation chromatography gave suffi-
ciently clean residue extracts for negative chemical
ionizatlon analysis. With these techniques, chemicals
such as chlorophenols and chlorobiphenyls have been
confirmed In human adipose samples as small as 12.5
mg. These methods make It possible to screen less
than 1-g samples of biological substrates for contami-
nation with perslstant toxic substances at part-per-bil-
llon levels.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Residues, Sampling, Mass spectroscopy, Sol-
vent extracts, Distillation, lonization, Reprints, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic substances, 'Biological
samples, Gel permeation chromatography, Chemical
ionizatlon mass spectroscopy.
PB81-126591 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Nonselectlve Biochemical Methods for the Deter-
mination of Fungal Mass and Community Struc-
ture in Estuarine Detrltal Mlcroflora. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
D. C. White, R. J. Bobbie, J. S. Nickels, S. D. Fazio, and
W. M. Davis. 1 Oct 79,15p EPA-600/ J-80-084
Grants EPA-R-080614-30-10, NOAA-04-7-158-4406
Pub. in Botanica Marina, v23 D239-250 1980. Spon-
sored In part by Grant NSF-OCE78-21174.
Assay of llpid and cell wall components can readily
provide differentiation in reciprocal mixtures of bacte-
ria and fungal monocultures. To test natural microbial
assemblies, small plastic sheets were exposed in a
subtropical estuary. The sheets were then transferred
to a laboratory where estuarine environments that in-
hibit prokaryotlc growth and stimulated fungal growth
were compared with and environment where eukaryo-
tic growth was Inhibited and prokaryotic growth was
stimulated. The morphology determined by scanning
electron microscopy showed typical mycelial networks
where eukaryotic growth was stimulated and none
were inhibited. The stimulation of eukaryotic growth
produced a greater biomass measured in terms of llpid
phosphate, respiratory activity or extractable adeno-
slne nucleotldes, but with a slower synthesis of phos-
pholiplds and DMA and a smaller concentration of mur-
amaic acid (a unique prokaryote wall component). The
stimulation of eukaryotic growth Increased the rate of
sulphollpid synthesis relative to DNA or phospholipld
synthesis.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Fungi, 'Llplds, CellsfBiology),
Morphology, Plants(Botany), Biochemistry, Estuaries,
Escherichia coli, Cultures(Biology), Reprints, Spartina
alterniflora, Neurospora crassa.
PB81-126609 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Adaptation on Blodegradatlon Rates In
Sediment/Water Coree from Estuarine and Fresh-
water Environments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Jim C. Spain, P. H. Pritchard, and A. W. Bourquin. Oct
80,11p EPA-600/J-80-007, CONTRIB-410
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v40
n4 p726-734 Oct 80.
Experiments were devised to determine whether expo-
sure to xenobiotics would cause microbial populations
to degrade the compounds more rapidly during subse-
quent exposures. Studies were done with water/sedi-
ment systems (eco-cores) taken from a salt marsh and
a river. Systems were tested for adaptation to the
model compounds methyl parathion and p-nitro-
phenol. 14CO2 released from radioactive parent com-
pounds was used as a measure of mineralization.
River populations pre-exposed to p-nltrophenol at con-
centrations as low as 60 micrograms/l degraded the
nltrophenol much faster than control populations.
River populations pre-exposed to methyl parathion
also adapted to degrade the pesticides more rapidly,
but higher concentrations were required. Salt marsh
populations did not adapt to degrade methyl parathion.
p-Nltrophenol-degradlng bacteria were isolated from
river samples, but not from salt marsh samples. Num-
bers of nitrophenol-degrading bacteria increased 4 to
5 orders of magnitude during adaptation. Results Indi-
cate that the ability of populations to adapt depends on
the presence of specific microorganisms. Biodegrada-
tion rates in laboratory systems can be affected by
concentration and prior exposure; therefore, adapta-
tion must be considered when such systems are used
to predict the fate of xenobiotics in the environment.
Keywords: 'Adaptation, 'Blodeterioration, 'Toxtool*
ogy, Nltrophenols, Estuaries, Exposure, Water, Sedi-
ments, Rivers, Concentration(Composition), Pesti-
cides, Bacteria, Reprints, Salt marshes, Parathion,
'Toxic substances.
PB81-126617 PC A02/MF A01
Correlation of Microbial Degradation Rates with
Chemical Structure. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. Lee Wolfe, Doris F. Paris, William C. Steen, and
George L. Baughman. 17 Mar 80,4p EPA-600/J-80- _,
151
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v14
n9p1143-1144 Sap 80.
Structure-reactivity relationships are established for
the microbial degradation of selected organic com-
pounds. Second-order microbial degradation rate con-
stants determined in natural water samples for six
compounds correlate with the second-order alkaline
hydrolysis rate constants. Also, second-order microbi-
al degradation rate constants for four phthalate esters
obtained with organisms from sediment-water samples
correlate with the second-order alkaline hydrolysis rate
constants. Similar correlations are demonstrated for
the rates of oxidation of substituted phenols by mixed
microbial cultures isolated from soils and Hammett
delta constants.
Keywords: 'Degradation, 'Hydrolysis, 'Pesticides,
Correlation, Kinetics, Rates(Per time), Microorga-
nisms, Phthalates, Phenols, Reprints.
PB81-126716 PC A06/MF A01
Terrazole: Pesticide Registration Standard 5-
Ethoxy-3-trtohloromethyM,2,4-thladlazola.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Sep 80.124p EPA/OPP-80/525
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
A comprehensive statement of the Agency's regulato-
ry position on all pesticide products containing the
same active ingredient. The document on terrazofe de-
scribes the data upon which the regulatory position i»
based, provides the rationale for the position and
states the conditions which must be met to register a
product under a standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, Ecology, Regulations, Chlorine organic com-
990 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pounds, 'Terrazole, Thiadiazole/ethoxy-trlchloro-
methyl, Path of pollutants.
PB81-127490 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
HF (High Frequency) Radar Measurement* of Cir-
culation In the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca
Near Protection Island (July, 1979). Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
Shelby Frlsch. Jun 83,143p EPA-600/7-80-129
During July 1979 the surface currents in the Eastern
Strait of Juan de Fuca were mapped with a High Fre-
quency (HF) radar system (CODAR). These currents
were measured simultaneously over several hundred
square kilometers continuously for five days. The
strong tidal currents and estuarine flow dominated the
circulation during most of this period of time, while the
relatively weak winds seemed to play a minor role. The
radar sites were selected to provide Ocean current In-
formation along the proposed pipelines.
Keywords: 'Ocean currents, 'Juan de Fuca Strait,
Radar mapping, Water flow, Ocean tides, Feasibility,
Pipelines, Protection Island, Admiralty Inlet, Doppler
radar, Periodic variations, Romote sensing,
Washington(State), Maps, Ocean circulation.
PB81-127608 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
HF (High Frequency) Radar Measurements of Cir-
culation In the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca
(August, 1978). Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
Shelby Frisch, and James Holbrook. Apr 80,277p
EPA-800/7-80-096
During August, 1978, the surface currents in the East-
ern Strait of Juan de Fuca were mapped with a High
Frequency (HF) radar system (CODAR). The surface
currents were measured simultaneously over several
hundred square kilometers at one hour Intervals con-
tinuously for five days. Strong tidal currents, estuarine
[tow, and wind driven circulation were all Identified as
Influential forces in the strait. These measurements
were compared with those obtained with surface drift-
ers and current meters, which were observed by the
other participants in this experiment. The radar and
current-meter measured currents generally were in
agreement to within a few centimeters per second.
Keywords: 'Radar mapping, 'Ocean currents, 'Juan
de Fuca Strait, High frequencies, Flowmeters, Com-
parison, Windward drift, Estuaries, Accuracy,
Washlngton(State), Ocean circulation, CODAR.
PB81-127S16 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Northern Puget Sound Marine Mammals. Final rept.
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA.
Robert D. Everitt, Clifford H. Fiscus, and Robert L.
Belong. Jul 80,153p EPA-600/7-80-139
A baseline study of the marine mammals of northern
J~uget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca was un-
dertaken from November 1977 to September 1979
emphasizing certain aspects of the biology of the
"arbor seal, which is the most abundant marine
mammal In this area. The local abundance and distri-
bution of 21 species of marine mammals identified In
•hese waters Is presented.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Seals(Mammals), 'Mammals,
Marine biology,' Puget Sound, 'Juan de Fuca Strait,
Surveys, Abundance, DlstrlbutionfProperty), Environ-
mental impacts, Cetacea, Whales, Porpoises, Marking.
Dolphin8(Mammal8), MESA project, Baseline studies,
"aortais.
£881-127813 PC A04/MF A01
QC/M8 Methodology for Priority Organics In Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Treatment Final rept,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
'. Bishop. Nov 80,52p EPA-600/2-80-196
A state-of-the-art review Is presented on the current
GC/MS methodology for the analysis of priority toxic
organics In municipal wastewater treatment. The
review summarizes both recent published and unpub-
lished literature on GC/MS methods for analysis of
toxic organics in municipal wastewaters and sludges.
The EPA has developed methodology for the meas-
urement of these priority toxic organics based on GC/
MS technology. Succinctly, the methodology sepa-
rates the purgeable priority organics from the environ-
mental sample by purging with Inert gas and trapping
of the organics on a Tenax and silica gel trap. The or-
ganics are then desorbed, Identified and quantltated
with packed column GC/MS analysis. The methodolo-
gy separates the extractable organics by extracting
with methylene chloride, first at pH II and then at pH 2,
and then Identifies and quantitates the organics In the
base/neutral and acid extracts by packed column GC/
MS analysis. Municipal wastewaters and sludges con-
tain a wide variety of extractable organics which can
interfere in the GC/MS analysis. Thus, the extracts
may require clean-up or organics separation before
the GC/MS analyses. Principal classes of organic
Interferences Include lipids, fatty acids and saturated
hydrocarbons. The approaches to separate the desira-
ble priority organics from the Interferences Include
acid/base separation, molecular size separation and
polarity separation.
Keywords: 'Sewage, 'Water analysis, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Waste disposal, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Samples, Sludges, Pesticides, Chemi-
cal analysis, Separation, Industrial wastes, Extraction,
'Water pollution detection, 'Toxic substances, State
of the art.
PB81-128514 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Cost Comparisons of Treatment and Disposal Al-
ternatives for Hazardous Wastes. Volume I. Final
SCSEnglneers, Inc., Redmond, WA.
Warren G. Hansen, and Howard L. Rlshel. Dec 80,
272p*EPA-600/2-80-188
See also Volume 2, PB81-128522.
Unit costs are estimated for 16 treatment and 5 dis-
posal techniques applicable to hazardous wastes from
the organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and elec-
troplating and metal finishing industries. Each technol-
ogy was evaluated by unit processes or modules, and
computer-linked models developed for calculating
capital and operating costs at the unit process level
Costs were aggregated at the technology level Includ-
ing applicable indirect costs and maintenance costs.
Data files were designed to Indicate economies of
scale for 5 levels of throughput. Life cycle average unit
costs are presented in both tabular and graphic form.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Economic analysis,
'Solid waste disposal, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Electroplating, Metal finishing, Manage-
ment planning, Comparison, Technology, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Substitutes, 'Solid waste man-
agement.
PB81-128522 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Cost Comparison* of Treatment and D)*po*al Al-
ternative* for Hazardous Waste*. Volume II. Ap-
pendices. Final rept,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Redmond, WA.
Warren G. Hansen, and Howard L Rishel. Dec 80,
100p* EPA-600/2-80-208
Contract EPA-68-03-2754
See also Volume 1, PB81-128514.
Treatment and disposal alternatives and costs for haz-
ardous wastes from the organic chemicals, Inorganic
chemicals, and electroplating and metal finishing In-
dustries are evaluated. The 16 treatment and 5 dispos-
al technologies were based on applicability to the In-
dustry categories, availability of cost and performance
data, and effectiveness In reducing or eliminating haz-
ardous waste constituents. Costs were aggregated at
the technology level and entered in computer-linked
models at the unit cost or component level. Volume II
contains applicable portions of the Resource Conser-
vation ana Recovery Act, capital unit cost and oper-
ation/maintenance cost data files, curve fitting for cost
files, module descriptions, and system variable equa-
tions. Volume II is intended for those desiring the sup-
porting data for Volume I.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Economic analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Substitutes, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Electroplating, Metal finishing, Manage-
ment planning, Comparison, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, Numerical solution.
PB81-128639 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Housing and Urban Development,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy Development and
Research.
Residential Water Conservation: An Annotated
Bibliography.
Pabon, Sims, Smith and Associates, Washington, DC.
6 Feb 80,122p' HUD-0001757,, EPA/FRD-16
Contract HUD-H-5091
This annotated bibliography of 155 references lists
publications on water conservation tips, water conser-
vation devices, water conservation projects, and eco-
nomics regarding residential water conservation and
regional variables. Useful Information Is summarized
from the references and Is included In the booklet in
tables and a narrative following the listings. It pertains
to water conservation projects cost/savings, energy/
water savings, and residential water use. Some of The
areas covered include: Conservation projects, cost
savings, energy requirements, energy/water savings,
seweness wastewater disposal devices, regional
Issues, residential water use, water rates, and water
saving tips.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Bibliographies, Res-
idential buildings, Cost effectiveness, Research
projects, Savings, Water consumption, Plumbing,
Waste water reuse, Toilet facilities, Grasses,
Plants(Botany), 'Water saving devices.
PB81-129009 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Summary of the Western Energy Overhead Moni-
toring Project Final rept. 1 Jul 75-31 Oct 79,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV. Remote Sensing Lab.
Paul Ishikawa, Jr., and G. A. Shelton. Nov 80,38p
EPA-600/4-80-051
Contract EPA-68-03-2636
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Nation-
al Aeronautics and Space Administration entered into
a five-year overhead monitoring project in June, 1975.
The purpose of this joint project was to transfer, from
NASA to EPA, hardware and software technology for
processing remotely sensed digital data and to assist
EPA In developing and maintaining an operational
remote sensing monitoring system. The overall objec-
tive was to define, develop, and demonstrate oper-
ational remote sensing techniques to rapidly monitor,
In a cost-effective manner, the success with which an
energy-related extraction site has been, or is being, re-
habilitated. This report discusses the technology trans-
fer that has successfully taken place. It also describes
the remote sensing monitoring system EPA has estab-
lished.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, Surface mining, Land
reclamation, Strip mining, Monitoring, Vegetation,
North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New
Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Data processing, Data acquisi-
tion, Photographs, Instrumentation, Technology trans-
fer, Western RegionfUnited States), Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB81-128017 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Reconnaissance Study of Leachate Quality from
Raw Mined Oil Shale - Laboratory Column*. Final
rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
David B. McWhorfer. Dec 80.56p EPA-600/7-80-181
Grant EPA-R-806278
This report presents the results of the chemical char-
acterization of leachates generated from laboratory
columns of several unretorted mined oil shales, un-
December 1983 991
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mined shales, and soils. The findings are Indicators of
the levels of common and trace species that can be
expected to occur In field generated leachatea. For fur-
ther Information contact the Energy Pollution Control
Division.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Leach-
Ing, Water pollution, Trace elements, Soil chemistry,
Environmental Impacts, Tables(Oata), Graphs(Charts),
Colorado, Solid wastes.
PB81-12902S PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Innovative Destruction of Complex Industrial
Wastes - Auto Oxidation of Tannery Beamhouse
Wastewater. Final rept. 1978-79,
Science and Education Administration, Philadelphia,
PA. Eastern Regional Research Center.
David G. Bailey, and Mark J. Stutsman. Dec 80,37p
EPA-600/2-80-210
This report documents a study of the effectiveness of
an auto-oxidation technique for treating potentially
toxic pollutants from a manufacturing source. The par-
ticular waste used for evaluation was a tannery unhair-
Ing effluent. Tannery unhalring waste was treated In a
pilot plant scale auto-oxidation unit designed and built
by Technical Associates for Industry, Inc., Red Bank,
New Jersey 07701. This waste is highly alkaline with a
pH generally higher than 11 and has a COD greater
than 50,000 mg/liter, consisting largely of protein and
sulflde. The auto-oxidation pilot plant in static tests ef-
fectively and rapidly removed sulflde from the waste.
Removal of COD, nitrogen, and suspended solids was
considerably less effective. Combining the auto-oxlda-
tlon with ultraviolet light and a hydrogen peroxide addi-
tion improved the COD removals very little.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Oxidation, 'Tan-
ning materials, Industrial waste treatment, Pilot plants,
Nitrogen, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Chemical oxygen demand.
PB81-129033 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatablllty Studies of Pesticide Manufacturing
Wastewaters: Dazomet Final rept. Aug-Oct 79,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edward Mortnig, Ruth A. Zwektinger, and Mary
Warner. Dec 80,41 p EPA-600/2-80-077B
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
The report gives results of laboratory studies of the
treatabllity of manufacturing wastewater from synthe-
sis of the pesticide, dazomet. A tiered approach was
taken: the least costly and most available treatments
were investigated first. Effluent from the manufacture
of dazomet was tested for treatabllity by activated
sludge systems when diluted to 1:100, 1:500, and
1:1000 In municipal wastewater. At 1:100, dazomet
showed greater than 95% reduction after biological
treatment; however, effluent COD levels were unac-
ceptably high at an average of 160 mg/llter. At 1:600,
effluent COD was much closer to the control effluent;
however, nitrification of ammonia was severely ham-
pered. At 1:1000, dazomet wastewater had a variable
effect on nitrification while effluent COD levels were
close to those of controls. It Is recommended that da-
zomet wastewater be diluted to at least 1:1000 in mu-
nicipal wastewater to minimize the negative effects on
the nitrification of ammonia during the activated sludge
treatment process.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Pesticides, Sulfur
organic compounds, Manufacturing, Industrial waste
treatment, Activated sludge process, 'Dazomet, 'Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment, Thladiazine thione/
tetrahydro-dlmethyl, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB81-128041 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Textile Warp SIM Reclamation Using Thermal Pre-
cipitation. Final rept. Mar 77-Dec 79,
Auburn Univ., AL.
Warren S. Perkins, Robert P. Walker, and Leo J. Hirth.
Dec 80,69p EPA-600/2-80-209,, IERL-RTP-1120
Grant EPA-R-805128
The report describes a novel method for reclaiming
size based on precipitation of the size material by heat-
Ing the dealze washwater. The method uses hydroxy-
propyl cellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellu-
lose (HPMC) which are soluble In cool water but Insol-
uble in warm water. Reclaiming size would eliminate
most of the BOD typically resulting from sizing and de-
sizing. Since maximum system temperature with HPC
Is about 50C, compared to 95C for a conventional
system, considerable energy Is conserved. Strength
and elongation of yarns sized with virgin HPC and with
reclaimed HPC were not significantly different from
those of yarns sized with the conventional size, polyvl-
nyl alcohol (PVA), at similar add-on levels. Abrasion re-
sistance of yarns sized with HPC was lower than that
of yarns sized with PVA at similar add-on levels. Weav-
ing of HPC-slzed 50/50 polyester/cotton yarns in the
laboratory was successful. In production weaving of
percale sheeting, HPC accumulated on the shuttle
caused poor weaving efficiency. The capital invest-
ment for reclaiming HPC using thermal precipitation Is
much lower than for reclaiming PVA using ultrafiltra-
tion. Operating costs for recovering HPC by thermal
precipitation and for recovering PVA by ultrafiltration
represent a savings over conventional sizing and de-
sizing without reclaiming size.
Keywords: 'Textile processes, 'Sizing(Surface treat-
ment), 'Water pollution control, 'Water reclamation,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Reclrculation,
Preclpltatlon(Chemlstry), Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Thermal recovery methods,
Design criteria, 'Cellulose/hydroxypropyl, Chemical
oxygen demand.
PB81-129124 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Treatment of Primary Effluent by Rapid Infiltra-
tion. Final rept. Nov 78-Oct 79,
Boulder, CO.
R. B. Hartman, K. D. Linstedt, E. R. Bennett, and R. R.
Carlson. Dec 80,116p EPA-600/2-80-207
Grant EPA-R-803931
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Univ. at Boul-
der.
Treatment performance of three rapid infiltration
basins receiving primary treated municipal treated
wastewater Is evaluated and compared with a previous
study In which secondary treated municipal
wastewater was applied at the City of Boulder, Colora-
do, Sewage Treatment Plant. The prime objectives of
the project are evaluation of the pretreatment provid-
ed, the hydraulic load to the soil, duration of wetting
and drying cycles, and climatic Influences on system
performance.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Fluid Infiltration,
Ground water, Purification, Soli properties, Perform-
ance evaluation, Climate, Nutrients, Removal, Colora-
do, 'Land application, Primary treatment,
Boulder(Colorado).
PB81-129207 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Public Health Effects from Industrial Amines Pro-
duction, A Preliminary Evaluative Approach.
Volume I. Final rept. Jun 77-Apr 79,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. Briggs, M. Karaffa, C. Sawyer, and P. Spalte. Nov
80,129p EPA-600/7-80-174A,, IERL-RTP-1106
Contracts EPA-68-02-2603, EPA-68-02-2149
Prepared in cooperation with Spalte (Paul W.) Co., Cin-
cinnati, OH. See also Volume 2, PBB1 -129215.
The report gives results of a study to assess the
degree to which available data on health effects of
chemical exposure, data from the National Cancer In-
stitute, and information on production and use of class-
es of chemicals suspected of being carcinogenic might
be used to Identify possible cancer-related operations
needing field Investigation. The search for exposure in-
tensity data confirmed that such data is not available
from the open literature. Although published data are
available on national production of some large-volume
chemicals, site-specific data on such things as produc-
tion rates, process losses, and process discharges are
almost completely lacking. Until better sources of in-
formation are available, studies such as this will have
to be supplemented with considerable field investiga-
tion to identify specific operations that are suitable for
in-depth study. Until some way Is established to devel-
op such information so that it can be used with existing
health data for identification of potential hazards,
kepone and vinyl chloride incidents will continue to be
dealt with after considerable damage has already been
done. The data analysis techniques presented can be
useful In identifying process discharges that must be
studied In detail for definition of their potetial environ-
mental Impact.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Amines, Public
health, Carcinogens, Epidemiology, Nitroso com-
pounds, Toxlcity, Assessments, Hazardous materials,
Identifying, Exposure, 'Occupational safety and
health, Environmental health, 'Toxic substances, Car-
clnogenesis, Nitrosamines.
PB81-129215 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Public Health Effects from Industrial Amines Pro-
duction, A Preliminary Evaluative Approach.
Volume 2: Appendices. Final rept. Jun 77-Apr 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. Briggs, M. Karaffa, C. Sawyer, and Paul W. Spaite.
Nov 80,21 Op EPA-600/7-80-174B,, IERL-RTP-1107
Contracts EPA-68-02-2803, EPA-68-02-2149
Prepared in cooperation with Spaite (Paul W.) Co., Cin-
cinnati, OH. See also Volume 1, PB81-129207.
The volume gives five appendices In support of a
report giving results of a study to assess the degree to
which available data on health effects of chemical ex-
posure, data from the National Cancer Institute, and In-
formation on production and use of classes of chemi-
cals suspected of being carcinogenic might be used to
Identify possible cancer-related operations needing
field investigation. The appendices are: (a) a master
list of commercially significant Industrial amlne chemi-
cals; (b) a summary of amines production; (c) an eplde-
mlological analysis for point sources; (d) facility and
county data for 14 counties Included in the epidemic-
logical analysis; and (e) cancer mortality rates for se-
lected counties versus their contiguous counties.
Volume 1 summarizes results of the study.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Amines, Public
health, Carcinogens, Epidemiology, Nitroso com-
pounds, Toxiclty, Assessments, Hazardous materials,
Identifying, Exposure, 'Occupational safety and
health, Environmental health, 'toxic substances, Car-
clnogenesis, Nitrosamines.
PB81-129223 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Municipal Solid Waste Disposal In Estuaries and
Coastal Marshlands. Final rept.,
Management of Resources and the Environment,
Qlastonbury, CT.
Kenneth A. MacGregor, Michael S. Klein, Johanna S.
Bazzolo, and Mary Ellen Delaney. Dec 80,183p EPA-
600/2-80-212
Contract EPA-68-03-2517
This report Is a survey of the existing situation with re-
gards to municipal solid waste disposal in the coastal
zone. Both the scientific literature and the regulatory
community were surveyed to determine the state-of-
knowledge of the impact of such disposal on the envi-
ronment, past and present disposal techniques, and
the attitudes of the regulatory community.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution, En-
vironmental Impacts, Estuaries, Leaching, Surveys,
Legislation, Regulations, Recommendations, 'Coastal
regions, Municipal wastes.
PB81-128447 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The Effects of Contaminated Sediments on Rep-
resentative Estuarlne Species and Developing
Benthlc Communities. Chapter 21. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Blol-
Norman I. Rubinstein, Charles N. D'Asaro, Chamell
Sommers. and Frank G. Wllkes. 1980,7p EPA-600/J-
80-154,,ERLGB-J907
Grant EPA-R-804458
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v1 p445-461
1980.
Bioassay techniques developed to examine acute and
sublethal effects of dredged sediments on marine life
are described. Results are reported for laboratory tests
992 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conducted to determine sublethal and acute effects of
Kepone-sorbed sediment and dredged spoil material
from the James River and the Houston Ship Channel
on the mysid shrimp, Mysidopsis bahia; oyster, Cras-
sostrea virginica; and polychaete, Arenicola cristata.
Keywords: 'Tpxicity, 'Animal ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, * Insecticides, Bioassay, Shrimps, Oysters, Sedi-
ments, Worms, Spoil, Chlorine organic compounds,
Dredging, Survival, Abundance, Adsorption(Biology),
TissuesfBiology), Mortality, James River, Reprints,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Houston Ship Chan-
nel.
PB81-129462 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Reaction Products from the Chlorlnatlon of Sea-
water. Chapter 34. Journal article,
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci-
ence, Miami, FL.
James H. Carpenter, Carroll A. Smith, and Rodney Q.
Zika. 1980, 7p EPA-600/J-80-156,, ERL.GB-0100
Grant EPA-R-803893
Pub. in Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v3 p379-385 1980.
Much of the present information on the products
formed when seawater is chlorinated is based on ob-
servations of laboratory experiments in which chlorine
was added to seawater to stimulate conditions of elec-
tricity generating plants. Results are reported for a field
study at the Port Everglades power plant of the Florida
Power and Light Company to investigate reaction
Products from the chlorination of seawater. Observa-
tions indicate that reaction products may be quantita-
tively as important as the more extensively studied ha-
loforms, with unknown environmental significance.
Keywords: *Sea water, 'Chlorination, 'Water pollu-
tion, Electric power plants, Florida, Oxidizers, Polarity,
Reprints, Port Everglades(Florida).
PBB1-129470 PC A02/MF A01
Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophoblc Pollutant* In
Natural Sediment*. Chapter 11. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Samuel W. Karickhoff. 1980,14p EPA-600/J-80-105
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v2 p193-205
1980.
The sorption kinetics of pyrene and phenanthrene in
well-stirred sediment suspensions can be resolved
into two time segments. The first is rapid (limited pri-
marily by mixing) and presumably involves sorption to
surface sites directly accessible to the bulk water
Phase. The second sorptive process involves sites ac-
cessed by a much slower mechanism. Desorption
{starting with the chemical in the sorbed state) was
jound to be a reversal of the adsorption process, with
temporal resolution of two phases. The rate of the
jong-time desorptive step tended to be slightly slower
man the absorptive complement.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Sediments, 'Sorption,
Kinetics, Concentration(Composition), Soils, Thermo-
Jjynamic equilibrium, Pesticides, Pyrenes, Phenan-
tnrene compounds, Reprints, Path of pollutants, Nu-
merical solution.
£881-129486 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
"•tabollMn of Dlbenzo-p-DloxIn and Chlorinated
plbenzo-p-Dloxln* by a Beijerinckla Specie*. Jour-
nal article,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Microbiology.
Gary M. Klecka, and David T. Gibson. 1980,9p EPA-
600/ J-eo-131,. ERLGB-0091
grant EPA-R-804525
£*. In Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v39
n2p288-296Feb80.
Whole cells of the parent strain of Beijerinckla, grown
WW succlnate and biphenyl, oxidized dlbenzo-p-dloxln
and several chlorinated dioxins. The rate of oxidation
°T the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dloxons decreased with
»n increasing degree of chlorine substitution. A mutant
strain (B8/36) of Beijerinckia oxidized dibenzo-p-dioxln
jo ci8-1,2-dlhydroxy-1,2-dihydrodlbenzo-p-dioxln. The
IJWant organism also oxidized two monochlorinated
Jroenzo-p-dioxins to cls-dihydrodiols. No metabolites
"We detected from two dichlorinated dibenzc-p-diox-
''Growth of the parent strain of Beljerinckia was in-
after 4 hr when 0.05% dibenzo-p-dtoxin was
present in the culture medium. Resting cell suspen-
sions of the parent organism, previously grown with
succinate and biphenyl, oxidized dibenzo-p-dloxin to a
compound identified as 1,2-dihydroxydlbenzo-p-dioxin.
Further degradation of this metabolite was not detect-
ed, as the compound was found to be a potent mixed-
type inhibitor of two ring-fission oxygenases present in
this organism.
Keywords: 'Metabolism, 'Bacteria, 'Toxicology, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Oxygen organic compounds,
Reprints, "Dibenzodioxins, Beijerinckia, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Dibenzodloxin/chloro, Dibenzodioxin/dihy-
droxy-dlhydro, Dihydrodiols, Dlbenzodioxln/dihydroxy.
PB81-129496 PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technology to Meet the Interim Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations for Inorganic*:
Part 4. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Thomas J. Sorg. Aug 79,13p EPA-600/J-79-114
Pub. in Jnl. AWWA, p454-466 1979.
EPA established drinking water regulations for ten in-
organic substances and radionuclides that became ef-
fective on June 24,1977. As a result of these new reg-
ulations, many communities may be required to con-
struct new treatment facilities or to modify existing
ones. This paper on chromium and mercury reviews
existing treatment technology for meeting the EPA
drinking water regulations. The effectiveness of con-
ventional coagulation, lime softening, ion exchange,
activated carbon, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis
for the removal of the two contaminants are discussed.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Mercury(Metal), 'Water treat-
ment, 'Water supply, Regulations, Coagulation, Ion
exchanging, Activated carbon treatment, Electrodialy-
sis, Calcium oxides, Chemical removalfWater treat-
ment), 'Drinking water, Reverse osmosis.
PB81-129504 PC A02/MF A01
The Inhibition of Acetylchollnestera*e Activity In
Pink Shrimp 'Penaeu* duorarum' by Methyl Par-
athlon and it* Oxon. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. Peter Schoor, and James Brausch. 1980,9p EPA-
600/J-80-147, ERL.GB-J935
Pub. in Archives Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v9 p599-605 1980.
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, E.C.3.1.1.7,
animals were exposed to these compounds In water
(in vivo), AChE activity of the Isolated nerve cord was
significantly depressed by MPT only In moribund
shrimp after exposure for six hr to 1 mlcrogram/L (96
hr LC50 - 1.9 mlcrograms/L). Methyl paraoxon (96 hr
LCSO = 13.6 micrograms/L) did not depress AChE ac-
tivity in surviving animals after exposure for 74 hr to
0.98 micrograms/L. Exposure of the excised ventral
nerve cord directly (in vitro) resulted in Inhibition of
100% after exposure for one hr to 60 mlcrograms/L
MPT, 100% after exposure for one hr to 300 micro-
grams/L MPO. Implications with regard to the use of
AChE activity as a monitor of water pollution by inhibi-
tors of this enzyme are discussed.
Keywords: 'Acetylcholinesterase, 'Pesticides, 'Toxi-
cology, Crustacea, Enzymes, Insecticides, Shellfish,
Water pollution, Inhibitors,
Concentration(Compo8ltion), Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Methyl paraoxon, Penaeus duor-
arum, "Methyl parathion, 'Toxic substances, Phos-
phorothioate/dlmethyl-nitrophenyl.
PB81-129612 PC A02/MF A01
Succession of Mlcrofungl In Estuarln* Micro-
cosm* Perturbed by Carbaryl, Methyl Parathion
and Pentachlorophenol. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. L Cook, Denise Fiedler, and A. W. Bourquln.
C1980,5p EPA-600/J-80-098, ERL/GB/CONTRIB-
397
Prepared In cooperation with Georgia State Univ., At-
lanta. Dept of Biology. Pub. in Bofanica Marina, v23
p129-131 1980.
The effects of carbaryl, methylparathion and pentacn-
lorophenol on the mlcrofunga! succession of an estua-
rlne microcosm were examined. Resident fungi were
succeeded by Fusarium in the carbaryl-treated micro-
cosm; by a fungus in the Penicillium chrysogenum
series in the methyl parathion-treated microcosm; and
by a fungus In the Penicillium canescens series in the
pentachlorophenol treated microcosm. Small quanti-
ties of 14CO2 were released from the xenobiotic mole-
cules by fungi selected from the microcosms.
Keywords: 'Fungi, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Estu-
aries, Insecticides, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Carbon dioxide, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Micro-
cosms, 'Carbaryl, 'Parathion, Penicillium chryso-
genum, Penicillium canescens, 'Phenol/pentachloro.
PB81-129S20 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Five-Stage Cyclone System for In Situ Sampling.
Journal article Apr 76-Jun 77,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
Wallace B. Smith, Rufus R. Wilson, Jr., and D. Bruce
Harris. C1979,8p EPA-600/J-79-116,, IERL-RTP-P-
233
Contract EPA-68-02-2131
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, v13
n11p1387-1392Nov79.
The paper describes the development and calibration
of a five-stage cyclone system for in situ sampling of
process streams. Cyclones may be used to advantage
for collecting large samples and in sampling aerosols
of high paniculate concentration. At 25C, 28.3 L/min,
and for a particle density of 1,0 g/cu cm, the D50 cut
points of the cyclone system were 5.4, 2.1, 1.4, 0.65,
and 0.32 micrometers for cyclones I-V, respectively.
Results from calibrating the cyclones at several flow
rates, temperatures, and particle densities suggest
that the D50 cut points are: (1) proportional to the flow
rate of the gas raised to an exponent between -0.63
and -1.11, (2) linearly proportional to the viscosity of
the gas, and (3) proportional to the reciprocal of the
square root of the particle density. (Copyright (c) 1979
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Cyclone separators, 'Air pollution, 'Aero-
sols, Sampling, Particles, Viscosity, Density(Mass/
volume), Concentration(Composition), Design criteria,
Performance evaluation.
PB81-129538 PC A02/MF A01
The EPA Program for Dispersion Model Develop-
ment for Sources In Complex Terrain. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
George C. Holzworth. 1980,5p EPA-600/J-80-122
Pub. in Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Appli-
cations of Air Pollution Meteorology (2nd) Held at New
Orleans, LA. on Mar. 24-27,1980,0465-468 1980.
This paper describes the status of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's program to develop dis-
persion models with demonstrated improved reliability
for large sources In complex terrain. Due to finite re-
sources, the initial effort focuses on modeling maxi-
mum one-hour concentrations on prominent terrain
obstacles Impacted by stable plumes. Workshop rec-
ommendations on the foregoing problem and other
considerations in formulating a project plan are dis-
cussed along with the future direction of the program.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Terrain, Mountains, Wlnd(Meteorology), Recom-
mendations, 'Atmospheric dispersion.
PB81-128548 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C-B*ndlng of Chromosome* from Three Estab-
lished Marine Fl*h Cell Line*. Journal article,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.
Paula E. Gregory, Patricia N. Howard-Peebles,
Rudolph D. Blender, and Billy J. Martin. 1980,3p EPA-
600/ J-80-148,, ERL.GB-0093
Grant EPA-R-804527
Pub. In Copeia, n3 p545-5471980.
mor-
de-
Many fish karyotypes possess a large group of i
phologlcally similar chromosomes. The authors
scribe a technique developed through modification of
a C-banding procedure that produces distinct bands
and thus allows Identification of the heterochromatic
regions of Individuals pairs of fish chromosomes. The
December 1983 993
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
technique has bean applied to three established
marine fish cell lines.
Keywords: "Chromosomes, 'Fishes, Genetics, Marine
biology, Analyzing, Reprints, 'Cell lines, Fibroblasts.
PB81-129553 PC A02/MF A01
Destruction by Anaerobic Mesophlllc and Ther-
mophlllc Digestion of Viruses and Indicator Bac-
teria Indigenous to Domestic Sludges. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Gerald Berg, and Donald Berman. Feb 80,9p EPA-
600/J-80-158
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v39
n2p361-36BFeb80.
In raw sludges and in mesophilically and thermophili-
cally digested anaerobic sludges, large variations in
numbers of viruses occurred over narrow ranges of
numbers of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, and fecal
streptococci, demonstrating that the bacteria are poor
quantitative reflectors of the numbers of the viruses
detected. Mesophilic and thermophilic digestion of an-
aerobic sludges destroyed all three indicator bacteria
more rapidly than such digestion destroyed the vi-
ruses. The relative rates for the destruction of viruses,
fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci In the digested
sludges were consistent over the 17-month study.
Fecal coliforms were 7 to 8 times more sensitive than
the viruses to mesophilic digestion and 9 to 10 times
more sensitive to thermophilic digestion. Total coli-
forms were even more sensitive. The rates at which
fecal streptococci were destroyed by mesophilic and
thermophilic digestion of anaerobic sludges ap-
proached those at which the viruses were destroyed
by those processes; this suggested that the rates at
which fecal streptococci in sludges are destroyed by
those processes may serve as useful indictors for the
rates at which viruses in sludges are destroyed by
those processes.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Viruses, 'Bacteria,
Water pollution, Feces, Streptococcus, Coliform bac-
teria, Digestion, Destruction, Anaerobic conditions,
Sludge, Reprints, 'Bioindicators, 'Water pollution con-
trol.
PB81-129561 PC A02/MF A01
Automated 4AAP Phenolic Method. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
naW, OH.
Morris E. Gales, Jr., and Robert L. Booth. Oct 76,5p
EPA-600/J-76-105
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Assn., v68 n10
Oct 76.
An automated colorimetric method for the determina-
tion of phenol in water and wastes is presented. This
method is an automated version of the 4AAP method,
capable of analyzing from ten to twenty samples per
hour. The minimum detectable levelis 1 microgram
phenol/I.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Phenol, 'Colorimetric
analysis, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, Automation, Reprints, 'Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB8M29679 PC A02/MF A01
Phthalate Ester Hydrolysis: Linear Free Energy
Relationships. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L Wolfe, W. C. Steen, and L. A. Burns. 1980,6p
EPA-600/J-80-016
Pub. in Chemosphere, v9 p403-4081980.
Alkaline hydrolysis rate constants were measured for
dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-butyl, di-iso-butyl, and di-(2-eth-
ylhexyl) phthalate esters in water. A linear free energy
relationship (LFER) was established for estimating al-
kaline hydrolysis rate constants for other phthalate
esters. Dimethyl phthalate hydrolyzes to phthallc acid
with the nono ester as an intermediate. The rate ratio
for the second-order alkaline hydrolysis rate constants
of the diester to the monoester is 12. Water solubilities
for dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-butyl, and di-n-octyl and di-(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate esters were measured and com-
pared with literature values.
Keywords: 'Phthalates, 'Hydrolysis, 'Reaction kinet-
ics, 'Water pollution, Esters, Solubility, Reprints,
'Linear free energy relationships, Path of pollutants,
Phthalic acid/bis(ethylhexyl-ester), Phthalic acid/(di-
butyl-ester), Phthalic acid/(dimethyl-ester), Phthalic
acid/(diethyl-ester), Phthalic acid/(dioctyl-ester).
PB81-129587 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Analysis of a Marine Fish Cell Line from a Male
Sheepshead. Journal article,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Dept.
of Biology.
Paula E. Gregory, Patricia N. Howard-Peebles,
Rudolph D. Ellender, and Billy J. Martin. 1980,5p EPA-
600/J-80-130,, ERL.GB-0089
Grant EPA-R-804527
Pub. in Jnl. of Heredity, v71, p209-211 1980.
Chromosomes from consecutive culture passages of a
developing cell line from fin fibroblasts of a male
sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) were
analyzed. It was demonstrated that the modal chromo-
some number is 48. The chromosome types found in
these cells included 8 submetacentrics, 8-12 acrocen-
trics, and 28-32 telocentrics. Evidence suggests that
the primary type of chromosomal alteration that oc-
curred in cultured SHR-1 cells is aneuploidy; a large
metacentric chromosome of undetermined origin was
observed.
Keywords: 'Chromosomes, 'Fishes,
Cultures(Biology), Males, Cells(Biology), Genetics, Re-
prints, Cell lines, Archosargus probatocephalus, Kar-
yotype.
PB81-129876 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Lead and Cadmium In Fish and
Clam Tissue by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
with a Molybdenum and Lanthanum Treated Pyro-
lytlc Graphite Atomizer. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
J. E. Poldoski. Jun 80, 5p EPA-600/J-80-182
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v52 n7 p1147-1151 Jun
80.
A molybdenum and lanthanum treated pyrolytically
coated graphite tube is employed for the furnace
atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead
and cadmium directly in nitric-perchloric acid tissue di-
gests. Lanthanum tends to promote the formation of a
smooth lead atomization peak for aid in peak quantita-
tion. Both molybdenum and lanthanum help reduce
chemical interference and Interference from uncom-
pensated background signals during analyte atomiza-
tion. Under typical conditions, the average analytical
recoveries are within the 90-110% range for both lead
and cadmium, and peak height reproducibillty is about
2-3% when working sufficiently above detection limits.
Accuracy of the method is assessed by analyzing the
NBS SRM 1577 bovine liver standard and performing
alternate determinations by anodic stripping voltam-
metry.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Lead(Metal), 'Chemical analy-
sis, Spectrometers, Atomizers, Fishes, Chemical anal-
ysis, Clams, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-129884 PC A02/MF A01
Growth and Survival of Channel Catfish and
Yellow Perch Exposed to Lowered Constant and
Dlurnally Fluctuating Dissolved Oxygen Concen-
trations. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Anthony R. Carlson, John Blocher, and Lawrence J.
Herman. 1980,6p EPA-600/J-80-192
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v42 n2 p73-77 Apr
80.
Growth and survival were determined for duplicate lots
of juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and
yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed for 69 and 67
days, respectively, to nearly constant dissolved
oxygen (DO) concentrations at near air saturation
(control), 6.5,5.0,3.5, and 2.0 mg/l. The following year
juveniles of the same species were exposed to DO
concentrations that gradually fluctuated diurnally at
about 1.0 to 1.5 mg/T above and below the constant
lowered DO levels of the previous year. At mean con-
stant DO concentrations of 3.5 mg/l or less, channel
catfish consumed less food and growth was signifi-
cantly reduced. Survival of both species was unaffect-
ed by the reduced DO exposures.
Keywords: 'Dissolved gases, 'Oxygen, 'Fresh water
fishes, 'Water pollution. Growth, Animal ecology, Diur-
nal variations, Concentration(Composition), Survival,
Catfishes, Perch, Reprints, Perca flavescens, Ictalurus
punctatus.
PB81-129892 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Waste Oil on the Survival and Repro-
duction of the American Flagflsh, 'Jordanella flort-
dae'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Steven F. Hedtke, and Frank A. Puglisi. 1980,11p
EPA-600/J-80-191
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, V37 n5 p757-764 1980.
Short-term lethality tests, tests on the 30-d survival of
10d-old larvae, and a life cycle test showed that used
crankcase oil adversely affected the survival and re-
production of the American flagfish, Jordanella flori-
dae. Based on the compounds identified in the water-
soluble fraction, previous toxicity date, and tissue resi-
due analyses, the authors speculate that zinc, lead,
and cadmium probably contribute significantly to the
toxicity of the waste oil tested.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Toxicity,
'Oil pollution, Survival, Mortality, Larvae, Metals, Ex-
posure, Reproduction(Biology), Life cycles, Hydrocar-
bons, Bioassay, Lead(Metal), Cadmium, Zinc, Tests,
Canada, Reprints, Jordanella florida, American flag-
fish.
PB81-129900 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Linear Free Energy Relationships and an
Evaluative Model to Assess the Fate and Trans-
port of Phthalate Esters In the Aquatic Environ-
ment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L Wolfe, L. A. Burns, and W. C. Steen. 1980,12p
EPA-600/J-80-017
Pub. in Chemosphere, v9 p393-402 1980.
Linear free energy relationships for selected phthalate
esters were used to estimate the rate constants for hy-
drolysis, biolysis, sediment-water partition coefficients,
and blosorption required for modeling. The fate and
transport behavior of dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-butyl, di-n-
octyl, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate esters were as-
sessed by use of an evaluation model, the Exposure
Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS). Four EXAMS en-
vironments were defined: a pond, an oligotrophjc lake,
a eutrophic lake, and a river using environmental pa-
rameters representative of the Southeastern United
States. Results suggest that higher molecular weight
esters are not significantly transformed and that export
from the ecosystem is the dominant process.
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, * Phthalates, Models, Environ-
ments, Fresh water, Reprints, Ecosystems.
PB81-129918 PC A02/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol In the Environment Evidence
for Its Origin from Commercial Pentachlorophenol
by Negative Chemical lonlzatlon Mass Spectrome-
try. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Douglas W. Kuehl, and Ralph C. Dougherty. 1980,6p
EPA-600/J-80-183
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v14
P447-449 Apr 80. Prepared in cooperation with Florida
State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Commercial pentachlorophenol (PCP) contains signifi-
cant quantities of tetrachlorophenol (TCP). The occur-
rence of TCP in environmental samples provides a
chemical marker for PCP originating from commercial
formulations. Negative chemical ionization mass spec-
trometry has been used to examine a commercial PCP
formulation and a series of environmental and human
samples. Tetrachlorophenol was determined by the
ion current at m/z 229, tetrachlorophenoxide, and PCP
was determined by the ion current at m/z 267, pen-
tachlorophenoxide. The ion current at m/z 267 may in-
clude contributions from the oxygen/chloride ex-
change product of hexachlorobenzene, an environ-
mental precursor of PCP. The ratio of PCP to TCP in
Dowcide G-ST, a commercial PCP formulation, was
2.5 plus or minus 0.1. The ratio of m/z 267 to m/z 229
in a jellyfish, Mnemiopsis macrydi, from the Gulf of
Mexico was 2.7 plus or minus 0.1, in human semen it
was 4.1 plus or minus 0.1, and in human adipose tissue
994 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
it was 15.5 plus or minus 0.1. PGP in the semen sam-
ples was concentrated in the sperm cells by a factor of
9.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Chlorine organic compounds, Samples, Separa-
tion, Mass spectroscopy, Industrial wastes,
Tlssue(Biology), Distillation,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, *Phenol/pen-
tachloro, 'Phenol/tetrachloro, Chemical ionizaton
mass spectroscopy.
PB81-129926 PC A02/MF A01
Outbreaks of Waterborne Disease in the United
States, 197S. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Charles E. Haley, Robert A. Gunn, James M. Hughes,
Edwin C. Lippy, and Gunther F. Craun. Jun 80, 6p EPA-
600/J-80-175
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v141 n6 p794-797
Jun 80. Prepared in cooperation with Center for Dis-
ease Control, Atlanta, QA.
Surveillance of outbreaks of waterborne disease Is
jointly conducted by the Center for Disease Control
(CDC), Atlanta, Ga., and the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio. Waterborne outbreaks
are reported to the CDC and EPA by state and local
health departments and by water supply agencies, and
the data are tabulated annually. In 1978 more cases of
waterborne disease were reported than in any year
since surveillance was initiated in 1971, and for the
first time, two agents, Campylobacter fetus subspecies
iejuni and a Norwalk-like virus, were well documented
as causes of waterborne disease outbreaks. This
report summarizes reported outbreaks of disease re-
lated to drinking water that occurred in the United
States in 1978.
Keywords: 'Diseases, 'Potable water, Public health,
United States, Surveillance, Water pollution, Viruses,
Reprints, Drinking water, Center for Disease Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Campylobacter fetus.
PB81-129934 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty and Bloaccumulatlon of Endrin and Meth-
oxychlor In Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Richard L. Anderson, and David L DeFoe. 1980, 15p
EPA-600/J-80-185
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 22, p111-
1211980.
Stoneflies, caddis-flies, isopods, snails and bullheads
were exposed to endrin or methoxychlor in a flowing-
Water test system for 28 days. Endrin was more toxic
than methoxychlor. Behavior changes in the caddis-fly
Brachycentrus americanus and in the stonetty Pteron-
arcys dorsata were observed within 4 days at 0.07 and
0.15 mlcrogram/liter of endrin, respectively. The LC50
values decrease with increasing exposure times. The
28-day LC50 was less than 0.03 microgram/liter for B.
americanus and 0.07 microgram/liter for P. dorsata.
The 28-day LC50 for the bullhead Ictalurus melas was
0-10 microgram/liter. Methoxychlor, at the concentra-
tions tested, did not affect all the species. The isopod
"•sellua communis was the most sensitive; behavioral
changes occurred within the first 4 days. The 28-day
LC50 was 0.42 microflram/liter. The LC50 for the
caddis-fly Hydropsyche sp. decreased from 2.9 micro-
grams/liter at 14 days to 1.3 microgram/liter at 28
days. The stonefly P. dorsata and the snail Physa Inte-
gra did not die at the highest concentration tested (4.2
Aerograms/liter), although behavioral changes were
Wen at 2.2 mlcrograms/liter for the stonefly.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Water pollution,
"loassay, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides,
pehavior, Concentration(Composition), Lethal dosage,
'"vertebrates, Fishes, Aquatic biology, Exposure, Re-
Pnnts. • Endrin, 'Bioaccumulation, Brachycentrus
wnericanus, Pteronarcys dorsata, Ictalurus melas,
Shui-Chow Yung, Seymour Calvert, Harry F. Barbarika,
and Leslie E. Sparks. 1978,6p EPA-600/J-78-176,,
IERL-RTP-P-376
Contract EPA-68-02-1328
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v12
n4p456-459Apr78.
The paper presents a new model for predicting the
particle collection performance of venturi scrubbers. It
assumes that particles are collected by atomized liquid
only in the throat section. The particle collection mech-
anism is inertial impaction, and the model uses a single
drop collection efficiency equation based on the iner-
tial impaction parameter. The model takes the form of
an analytic expression for the particle penetration
based on particle diameter and venturi scrubber pa-
rameters. No arbitrary empirical constants are used. A
relation for the maximum throat length necessary for a
venturi Is also presented. The model is compared with
exprimental data from small- and large-scale venturi
scrubbers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Mathematical models, 'Particles, Performance
evaluation, Efficiency, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Reprints, 'Venturi scrubbers, Numerical so-
lution.
PB81-129959 PC A02/MF A01
Liquid Entralnment from a Mobile Bed Scrubber.
Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Seymour Calvert, Shi-Chow Yung, and Leslie E.
Sparks. 1977,5p£PA-600/J-77/177
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v27
n8 p768-770 Aug 77. Prepared in cooperation with
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
The paper gives results of the measurement of liquid
entrainment rate and drop size distribution in the ex-
haust gas stream from a mobile bed scrubber. The
pilot plant scrubber was 46 cm square and was packed
with 3.8 cm diameter hollow polyethylene spheres to a
static depth of 25 cm. Entrainment flow depends on
both gas and liquid rates. At a liquid/gas ratio of 6.7 I/
cu m and a superficial gas velocity of 2.6 m/sec, the
entrainment flow rate was 0.0064 l/cu m; at 3.75 m/
sec, It was 0.031 l/cu m. The mass median drop diam-
eter was about 400 micrometers at a liquid/gas ratio of
6.7 l/cu m. The drop size distribution appears to be bi-
modal. Dye impregnated paper and cascade impactor
techniques were used to measure drop size.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, Liquids, Drops(Liquids), Pilot plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, r
scrubbers.
, Reprints, 'Mobile bed
communis, Hydropsyche, Physa Integra,
Methoxychlor, 'Toxic substances.
fB81-129942 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
?/X|lePark,NC.
*Mturl Scrubber Performance Model. Journal arti-
A-P-T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
PB8M29W7 PC A02/MF A01
Survival and Growth of 'Tanytarsus dlsslmllls'
(Chlronomldae) Exposed to Copper, Cadmium,
Zinc, and Lead. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Richard L. Anderson, Charles T. Walbridge. and
James T. Fiandt. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-80-181
Pub. in Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 9, p329-335
1980.
Tanytarsus dlsslmilis (Johannsen) was exposed to four
heavy metals. Static exposure began during embryo-
genesis and continued through hatching and larval de-
velopment to the 2nd or 3rd instar. The LC50 concen-
trations for cadmium, copper, and zinc were 3.8,16.3,
and 36.8 mlcrograms/l. the LC50 for lead was 258 mi-
crogram/l. Growth was not reduced at exposure con-
centrations less than the LC50. The LC50 concentra-
tions obtained in this insect exposure are as much as
ed In the literature. This is probably due to a combina-
tion of exposure of this Insect during Important life
cycle events and species-specificity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Metals, Insects, Lethal
dosage, Water pollution, Exposure,
ConcentrationfComposltlon), Copper, Cadmium, Zinc,
Lead(Metal), Growth, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
'Heavy metals, Tanytarsus dlsslmllls.
PB81-130502 . PC A20/MF A01
Modesto Wastewater Facilities Improvements. En-
vironmental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Dec79,460p
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA., Gruen, Gruen and Asso-
ciates, Esmalll (H.) and Associates, Clean Water Con-
sultants, and Hydroscience, Inc.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.
The current project planning focuses on a change from
river discharge to agricultural reuse of treated effluent
as the primary disposal mode. About 19,000 acre-feet
of effluent would be made available annually for agri-
cultural reuse. Continuous effluent discharge to the
San Joaquin River would be replaced with intermittent
winter discharge of higher quality effluent at greatly in-
creased flow rates. This Els has emphasized an eval-
uation of the Impacts of urbanization, particularly those
affecting prime and unique farmland. The city of Mo-
desto has adopted or Is actively considering a variety
of planning and zoning measures to mitigate the pro-
jected urbanization impacts.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Irrigation, Construction,
Waste water reuse, Farms, Sludge disposal, Fishes,
Wildlife, Vegetation. Urbanization, Water quality, Air
quality, Population growth, Public health, Economic Im-
pacts, California, Modesto(California).
PB81-130538 PC A20/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: IX. Fluoride. Final rapt.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
John S. Orury, John T. Ensminger, Anna S. Mammons,
James W. Holleman, and Eric B. Lewis. Sep 80,464p'
ORNL/EIS-85, EPA-600/1-78-050
This document is a review of the scientific literature on
the biological and environmental effects of fluoride. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to fluoride and specific fluorine-containing
compounds: physical and chemical properties; occur-
rence; synthesis and use; analytical methodology; bio-
logical aspects in microorganisms, plants, wild and do-
mestic animals, and humans; and distribution, mobility,
and persistence in the environment. The document
also contains an evaluation of potential hazards result-
ing from fluoride contamination of the environment and
suggests current research needs. More than 1000 ref-
erences are cited.
Keywords: 'Fluorides, 'Environmental surveys, Re-
views, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
SyntheslsfChemistry), Utilization, Microorganisms,
Animals, Humans, Biological processes, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB81-130783 PC A03/MF A01
National Municipal Policy and Strategy for Con-
struction Grants, NPDES Permits, and Enforce-
ment Under the Clean Water Act Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Oct79,50p
To respond to the municipal noncompllance problem,
EPA developed In October, 1979, a National Municipal
Policy and Strategy for more effectively managing mu-
nicipal compliance with the Clean Water Act. Its goal Is
to integrate permits, enforcement, and construction
grant activities. The report describes the processes
and procedures municipalities must meet to comply
with the program.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Municipalities,
Government policies, Regulations, Law enforcement
Licenses, Grants, Sewage treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Clean water Act of 1977.
PB81-131658 PC A17/MF A01
Wastewater Alternatives for Small Communities,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Steven W. Hathaway. Dec 80,385p EPA-600/9-80-
062
December 1983 995
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceedings of a Seminar Presented to EPA Regional
Coordjnators and State Small Community Systems
Coordinators, August, 1978.
This report is a compilation of many papers presented
at two of EPA's Seminars on Wastewater Alternatives
for Small Communities in August 1978. Titles of papers
are: On-Site Alternatives; On-Site Systems Residuals;
Pressure Sewer Systems; Alternative Sewer Systems
and Costs of Alternatives; Small Flows Clearinghouse;
Generating and Analyzing Alternatives; Institutional
Considerations in Implementing On-Site and Small
Community Wastewater Management Programs.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Communities, Sites, Waste water reuse. Soil science,
Sewers, Management, Sand filters, Packaged sewage
plants, Calcium oxides, Disinfection, Chlormation, Oxi-
dation, Alternative planning, Pressure sewers.
PB8M31666 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
The Development of a Deployable Water Quality
Monitoring System. Rept. for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Div. of Engineer-
ing Research.
C. A. Whitehurst, G. D. Whitehouse, and Victor W.
Lambou. Nov 80,66p EPA-600/4-80-052
Grant EPA-R-806313
The stability and accuracy of current off-the-shelf
water quality sensors are evaluated. Biological fouling
was deemed one of the most serious problems in nulli-
fying sensor capability. Methods to reduce biofouling
were evaluated. Of the potential measures to eliminate
biofouling, the focal 'kill-zone' approach appears to be
most feasible and the simplest to implement.
Keywords: 'Detectors, 'Water pollution, 'Perform-
ance evaluation, Accuracy, Fouling organisms, Anti-
fouling coatings, Field tests, Fouling prevention, Cali-
brating.
PB81-131674 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of the At-Sea Inciner-
ation of Uquld Sllvex. Interim rept. Nov 79-May 80,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
D. G. Ackerman, L. L. Scinto, R. J. Johnson, T. L
Sarro, and R. ScofieW. Jan 81,205p EPA-600/2-81-
001A,,IERL-RTP-1121
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report is an interim environmental assessment of
the disposal of suspended liquid silvex herbicide for-
mulations. Several alternative means of disposal, in-
cluding no action, were evaluated. The evaluation led
to the selection of at-sea incineration aboard a chemi-
cal waste incineration ship as the preferred alternative
disposal action. The other alternatives were rejected
because of undeveloped technology, adverse environ-
mental impacts, high cost, or excessive disposal dura-
tion. The analyses presented in the report show that
potential environmental impacts of the preferred and
principal alternative disposal actions will be insignifi-
cant and transient. Impacts of potential accidents and
malfunctions were considered, and means of mitiga-
tion are discussed.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Herbicides, 'Environmental
surveys, Air pollution control, Water pollution control.
Assessments, Substitutes, Pesticides, Ships, Sea
water, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Silvex, 'Liquid
wastes, 'Ocean waste disposal, Proptonic acid/(trfch-
lorophenoxy).
PB81-131971 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Loss Control Management In the Kraft Pulping In-
dustry. Final rept. Nov 75-Apr 80,
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and
Stream Improvement Inc., New York.
George W. Gove, James J. McKeown, and Albert J.
Carlson. Dec 80,203p EPA-600/2-80-211
Grant EPA-R-804086-01 -1
Because spills and losses of process materials are un-
avoidable consequences of production processes,
and because the processes comprising the production
of chemical wood pulp use large amounts of water to
transport heat, chemicals and product through the
processes, there is a need for a management strategy
and system to control these intermittent spills and
losses. In order to develop feasible strategies, exami-
nation and characterization of process effluents from
many kraft pulp mills and investigation of existing loss
control systems in the industry were conducted. Dy-
namic computer modelling, using data obtained from
monitoring process effluents, was employed to illus-
trate the utility of this technique to arrive at various loss
control strategies for particular process configurations.
The installation of a loss control system for other than
environmental reasons should show a return on invest-
ment. Examples were presented, using data obtained
from the monitoring effort, of the net economic benefit
which may accrue from recovery of chemicals and or-
ganic solids. A loss control strategy was developed for
the pulping, pulp washing, ana chemical recovery
areas of a large kraft pulp mill. The strategy was imple-
mented and operated in the existing spill control
system of the mill and control was successfully effect-
ed utilizing a digital computer. In addition to managing
process losses, the direct digital control system also
allowed gathering, processing and managing data ob-
tained from the sensors monitoring the system.
Keywords: 'Sulfate pulping, 'Paper industry, 'Water
pollution, 'Spills, Economic analysis, Industrial wastes.
Monitoring, Management planning, Leaking, Effluents,
Computer applications.
PB81-132003 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of pH Increases and Sodium Chloride Ad-
ditions on the Acute Toxlclty of 2,4-Dlchloro-
phenol to the Fathead Minnow. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Gary W. Holcombe, James T. Fiandt, and Gary L.
Phipps. 1980,7p EPA-600/J-80-193
Pub. in Water Research, v14 p1073-1077 1980.
The observable toxic effects produced by short-term
exposure of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
to 2,4-dichlorophenol were reduced when the pH of
the test water was increased by the addition of NaOH.
After exposure for 192 h to 7.43 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol
1-1, the average survival of fathead minnows ranged
from 28% at pH 7.57 to 100% at pH 9.08. Normal
schooling behavior was completely disrupted, and the
equilibrium of most fish was affected after a 24-h expo-
sure to 7.43 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol 1-1 at pH 7.57, but
neither schooling nor equilibrium were affected even
after 192 h at pH 8.68 and 9.08. Schooling and swim-
ming behavior of fathead minnows exposed to 12.33
mg 2,4-dichlorophenol 1-1 were affected at all pH
levels. Survival of these fish after 24 h ranged from 0%
at pH 7.84-46% atpH 8.81. Sodium chloride in con-
centrations ranging from 0 to 13.9 mg/l had no observ-
able effects on the acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol
to fathead minnows.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Survival, pH, Exposure, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fishes, Sodium hydroxide,
Behavior, Equilibrium, Sodium chloride, Reprints,
* Phenol/dichloro, Fathead minnows, Pimephales pro-
melas, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
erfects(Animals).
PB81-132011 PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Waterborne Qlardlasls - California, Colorado,
Oregon, Pennsylvania. Journal article,
Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services,
Olympla.
A. Keifer, and E. C. Llppy. 1980,5p EPA-600/J-80-198
Pub. In Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, v29 n11
P121-123.21 MarSO.
Several recent reports exemplify the increasing fre-
quency with which Giardia Is being implicated as the
cause of waterbome outbreaks of diarrhea. These and
past outbreaks have several features in common,
namely that they occur in communities in which (1) sur-
face water (streams, rivers, lakes), not well water, is
used; (2) chlorination is the principal method for disin-
fecting water; and (3) water treatment does not include
filtration, or existing filters have structural or operation-
al defects.
Keywords: 'Giardiasls, 'Parasites, 'Potable water,
Chlorination, Disinfection, Infectious diseases, Diar-
rhea, Parasitic diseases, California, Colorado, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Water pollution, Reprints, Drinking
water.
PB81-132029 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
'Giardia' Prevalence In Commercially Trapped
Mammals. Journal article,
Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services,
Olympia.
Floyd Frost, Byron Plan, and Bill Liechty. 1980,7p
EPA-600/J-80-197
Grant EPA-R-805809
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health, v42 n5 p245-249
Mar-Apr 80.
Recent outbreaks of giardiasis have been linked to
Giardia contamination of municipal water supplies.
Human or animal contamination of drinking water has
been implicated in most of the outbreaks. Of particular
interest to water utility operators and water supply en-
gineers is the possible animal contamination of water
supplies which are protected from human contamina-
tion. A giardiasis outbreak in Camas, Wash., was
thought to have resulted from aquatic mammai con-
tamination of an otherwise protected water supply.
Following this outbreak, the Washington State Health
Services Division undertook a series of aquatic
mammal surveys to estimate the prevalence of Giardia
infection in Washington's wild beaver and muskrat
population and to determine if animal contamination of
other water supplies could occur. Many Washington
State water supplies use chlorination as the only treat-
ment for surface water, and since chlorination may not
inactivate Giardia cysts, there was concern that a
number of cities were vulnerable to giardiasis out-
breaks.
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Potable water, 'Parasites, Proto-
zoa, Invertebrates, Water pollution, Contamination,
Giardiasis, Humans, Animals, Washington(State), Re-
prints, Drinking water, Camas(Washington).
PB81-132037 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Toxlclty of Hexavalent Chromium to the
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Q. H. Pickering. 1980,11 p EPA-600/J-80-194
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 9, p405-413 1980.
The chronic effects of hexavalent chromium on the fat-
head minnow (Pimephales promelas) were investigat-
ed. Survival was affected only at the high test dbncen-
tration of 3.95 mg Cr/L. All chromium concentrations,
including 0.018 mg/L, the lowest tested, retarded the
early growth of first-generation fish, but this effect was
only temporary. Growth of second-generation fish was
not affected at concentrations of 1.0 mg/L or lower.
Reproduction and hatchability of eggs were not affect-
ed at any chromium concentration tested. The maxi-
mum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for
fathead minnows in hard water (209 mg/L as CaCO3
at pH 7.7) was based on survival and lies between 1.0
and 3.95 mg Cr/L, respectively. The application factor
(MATC/96-nr LC50) is between 0.03 and 0.11.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, 'Fishes,
Bioassay, Survival, Growth, Reproduction(Biology),
Metals, Fresh water, Concentration(Composition),
Water pollution, Fathead minnows, 'Heavy metals, Pi-
mephales promelas, 'Toxic substances, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB81-132151 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Proposed Sludge Management Program for the
Los Angeles/Orange County Metropolitan Area.
Los Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Project, Whittier.CA.
Apr80,55p
Grant EPA-C-06-1042-011
See also PB81-132169.
This Summary of the Draft Environmental Impact
Statement/Environmental Impact Report (DEIS/
DEIR) and Facilities Plan evaluates the Proposed
Sludge Management Program for the Los Angeles/
Orange County Metropolitan Area. The Proposed Pro-
gram was designed for environmentally, socially and
economically cost-effective recovery of resources
from wastewater sludges and reliable management of
wastewater sludge to minimize the public health risks
and environmental degradation. The Proposed Pro-
996 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gram Is divided Into three separate entitles, which
would provide for sludge management in the Los An-
geles County Sanitation Districts, Orange County Sani-
tation Districts, and the City of Los Angeles.
Keywords: 'Sludge treatment, 'Sludge disposal, Cali-
fornia, Public health, Management planning, Design
criteria, Process charting, Substitutes, 'Environmental
Impact statements-draft, Los Angeles(Callfornia),
Orange County(California).
PB81-132169 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Calif. Region IX.
Proposed Sludge Management Program lor the
Los Angeles/Orange County Metropolitan Area.
Appendices.
Los Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Project, Whittier, CA.
Apr 80,290p
See also PB81-132151.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Environ-
mental Impact Report (DEIS/DEIR) and Facilities Plan
evaluates the Proposed Sludge Management Program
for the Los Angeles/Orange County Metropolitan
Area. The Proposed Program was designed for envi-
ronmentally, socially and economically cost-effective
recovery of resources from wastewater sludges and
reliable management of wastewater sludge to mini-
mize the public health risks and environmental degra-
dation. The Proposed Program is divided into three
separate entities, which would provide for sludge man-
agement in the Los Angeles County Sanitation Dis-
tricts, Orange County Sanitation Districts, and the City
of Los Angeles.
Keywords: 'Sludge treatment, 'Sludge disposal, Cali-
fornia, Public health, Management planning, Design
criteria, Process charting, Substitutes, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Los Angeles(California),
Orange County(California).
PB81-132409 PC A21/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Review of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: X. Toxaphene. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Patrick R. Durkin, Philip H. Howard, Jitendra Saxena,
Sheldon S. Lande, and Joseph Santodonato. Nov 79,
498pORNL/EIS-130, EPA-600/1-79-044
Contract W-7405-eng-26
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment,
and Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Veteri-
nary Medicine.
The environmental effects of toxaphene are extensive-
'V reviewed. Information is presented on chemical
Properties and analytical techniques, environmental
occurrence, cycling, and fate, as well as on food chain
interactions. Biological aspects of toxaphene in micro-
organisms, plants, wild and domestic animals, and
nurnans ana test animals are reviewed, Including me-
tabolism, toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutageniclty, and
teratogenicity.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Insecticides,
Toxicology, Food chains, Reviews, Chlorine organic
compounds, Camphene, Chemical properties, Toxici-
Qfi Public health, Soil analysis, Microorganisms,
Jrlantsf Botany), Animals, Physical properties, Air pollu-
npn, Water pollution, 'Toxaphene, Carcinogenesls,
Mutagenesls, Path of pollutant, Biological processes,
Teratogenesis.
£881-132979 PC A02/MF A01
*" Evaluation of Sealed Idle Mixture Adjustment
on 1977 Bulcks. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Karen E. Marschall. Nov 80,22p EPA-AA-TEB-81-8
This report describes the results of an EPA program
conducted on 48 in-use passenger cars. Each of these
vehicles was a 1977 Buick equipped with a 350 CID
engine and a four barrel carburetor. Some of these en-
gines were equipped with special carburetors which
"ad lead plugs covering their idle mixture screws to
Prevent maladjustments. The purpose of this program
was to gather information on current vehicles which
"IN allow EPA to project the effectiveness of similar
future vehi-
cles. The program included direct mall solicitation, a
parking lot survey, and complete FTP testing. This
work was conducted in the Detroit area and at EPA's
Laboratory in Ann Arbor during the summer of 1980.
The results indicate that this technique for sealing the
idle mixture screws is an effective method for prevent-
ing the adjustment of the idle mixture. Average Idle
emission test results for the sealed carburetor vehicles
were similar to the results for untampered vehicles
with conventional carburetors. Average idle emissions
from vehicles with broken or missing Tlmiter caps were
substantially higher.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Carburetors, 'Exhaust
emissions, Mixtures, Screws, Seals(Stoppers), Air pol-
lution control equipment, Internal combustion engines,
Performance tests, Buick vehicles, Idle adjustment
PB81-133001 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of Aquablast's Wyman Valves.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 73,6p EPA-AA-TEB-74-3
Representatives from Aquablast Inc. of Scarborough,
Ontario, Canada, contacted the Emission Control
Technology Division inquiring about the possible test-
ing by EPA of vehicles with their Wyman valves in-
stalled. Data was supplied showing significant reduc-
tions of carbon monoxide on vehicles with the valves
installed. ECTD agreed to test their product on two ve-
hicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Carburetors, 'Needle
valves, 'Air pollution control equipment, Performance
evaluation, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, In-
ternal combustion engines, Wyman needle valves.
PB81-133142 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions from a Turbocharged Texaco
Combustion Process (TCP) Stratified Charge
Engine. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C. Thomson. Apr 70,9p EPA-AA-TEB-80-5
Prepared in cooperation with National Air Pollution
Control Administration, Ann Arbor, Ml. Div. of Motor
Vehicle Pollution Control.
Texaco, Inc., through a U.S. Army contract has built an
updated version of their stratified charge engine. Be-
cause preliminary Texaco data showed a significant
reduction in emissions from previous NAPCA results,
an emission test program was conducted on the new
engine. The engine was installed in the same M-151-
1/4 ton Army Jeep used in the previous test. Tests
were conducted on the chassis dynamometer using
both continuous analysis and the constant volume
sampling system. Two fuels, and a mixture of the fuels, -
were used and both hot and cold starts were moni-
tored.
Keywords: 'Stratified charge engines, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Fuel injectors, Ignition systems, Superchargers,
Air pollution, Performance evaluation.
PB81-133183 PC A03/MF A01
Airborne Partlculate Radioactivity Measurements
In Pocatello. Idaho. Technical note (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Gregory G. Eadie, and Donald L. Lambdln. Aug 79,39p
ORP/LV-79-4
This report describes a study conducted In the Poca-
tello, Idaho area to evaluate the ambient airborne par-
ticulate concentration of naturally occurring radioac-
tive materials. Reported here are the airborne concen-
trations of isotopic uranium and thorium, and radium-
226. Technical difficulties prevented the full assess-
ment of the radiological Impact of polonium-210 and
lead-210.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, Uranium 235, Thori-
um Isotopes, Radium Isotopes, Uranium isotopes,
Idaho, Pocatello(ldahq), Airborne, Uranium 234, Urani-
um 238, Thorium 230, Thorium 232, Radium 226.
PBB1-133399 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Comprex Pres-
sure Wave Supercharged Diesel. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth, and Richard N. Burgenson.
Oct 80,10p EPA-AA-TEB-81-1
In order to increase public interest In vehicles
equipped with dlesel engines, methods of Improving
diesef-fueled engine performance, as compared to
current gasoline-fueled counterparts, are being investi-
gated. One method to increase performance is to su-
percharge or turbocharge the engine. This report de-
tails an EPA assessment of a supercharging technique
previously evaluated, however, since that evaluation,
specific areas of operation have been refined.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Fuel consumption, Performance evaluation, Exhaust
gases, Pressurization.
PB81-133548 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions from a Pick-up Truck Retrofitted with a
Nissan Dlssel Engine. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 73,7p EPA-AA-TEB-74-1
Equipment Sales, Inc., of West Chicago, Illinois deals
in the retrofitting of pick-up trucks with Crysler-Nissan
6N633 swirl chamber diesel engines. This type of vehi-
cle was of interest to the EPA's Emission Control
Technology Division (ECTD) as it relates both to ECTD
programs in the areas of exhaust emissions from
medium duty vehicles and exhaust emissions from
small diesel engines which may be applicable to pas-
senger cars. ECTD contacted the President of S&S
and asked if he was interested in having EPA test one
of his vehicles. It was agreed and the vehicle tested
was a 1973 Ford F-250 pick-up truck with 4-speed
manual transmission, retrofitted with a Chrysler-Nissan
6N633 swirl chamber diesel engine. The engine has 6
cylinders with 198 CID. At the time of testing over
10,000 miles had been accumulated on the vehicle.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Fuel consumption, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Per-
formance evaluation, Medium duty trucks.
PB81-133589 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of ths Gould Incorporated NOx Cata-
lyst. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jul 73,5p EPA-AA-TEB-74-2
Gould Incorporated has has a long-term development
program In the area of NOx catalysts. Because their
catalyst has demonstrated potential for good NOx
control, a test program on a low mileage vehicle was
undertaken by the Test and Evaluation Branch.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Catalytic
converters, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution control
equipment, Exhaust gases, Performance evaluation,
Air pollution.
PB81-133696 PC A06/MF A01
Water Rasourcss Data for Maryland and Dels-
war*, Water Ysar 1971. Part 2. Water Quality
Records. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 70-30 Sep
71.
Geological Survey, Towson, MD. Water Resources
Div.
Mar 73,120pUSGS/WRD/HD-78/188, USGS-WDR-
MD-DE-71-2
See also Part 1, PB-289 645.
Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Mary-
land and Delaware consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams, and water quality of lakes and
reservoirs. This report contains water quality for 45
gaging stations. Additional water data were collected
at various sites, not part of the systematic data collec-
tion program, and are published as miscellaneous
analyses. These data represent that part of the Nation-
al Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal
agencies In Maryland and Delaware.
December 1983 997
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Mary-
land, 'Delaware, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water
wells, Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality data,
'Hydrologlc data, Oischarga(Water), Water levels.
PB81-134710 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Operation of a Pilot Motor Vehicle Inspection Sta-
tion In Houston, Texas. Final rept,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
Anthony J. Arrigo. Nov 80,225p EPA-460/3-80-026
Contract EPA-68-03-2894
In conjunction with an EPA project to assess methods,
costs, projected effectiveness and acceptability of var-
ious motor vehicle exhaust emissions inspection and
maintenance (I/M) alternatives, and to support the
State of Texas in complying with its implementation
plan, the Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency assisted
the Texas Air Control Board in establishing a pilot
motor vehicle emissions inspection and maintenance
program in Houston, Texas. A portion of the program
involved the operation of a centralized vehicle emis-
sions inspection station which performed Idle tests, un-
derhood inspections of emission control systems and
components, and physical/functional I/M tests to sim-
ulate the operation of the various alternative configura-
tions for the legislatively mandated I/M program.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Maintenance, Performance evaluation, Air
pollution control equipment, Exhaust gases, Data
processing, Texas, 'Vehicle Inspection, Inspection
stations, Houston(Texas).
PB81-135329 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Uptake, Metabolism, and Disposition of Xenoblo-
tic Chemicals In Fish. Wisconsin Power Plant
Impact Study,
Medical Coll. of Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee.
John Lech, and Mark Melancon. Aug 80,157p EPA-
600/3-80-082
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Elec-
tric Co., Wisconsin, Wisconsin Public Service Corp.,
Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commission,
Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources,
Madison.
The effects and fate in fish of a number of chemicals,
Including hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons,
have been examined. The interactions between these
chemicals and fish have been studied using several
approaches. The uptake an elimination of 140-labeled
napthalene, 2-methylnapthalene, 1,2,4-trichloroben-
zene, pentachlorophenol, and pentachloroanisole
were studied. Each of these chemicals was taken up
rapidly by rainbow trout. Increasing the duration of ex-
posure to l4C-napthalene or 14C-2-methylnapthalene
affected the elimination of 14C-contalnlng compo-
nents from these fish. Activities of cytochrome P-450-
relatad xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rainbow
trout livers were induced. The quantities of biliary me-
tabolites in these fish were considerably higher than
those found in non-induced trout. Piperonyl butoxide
reduced levels of biliary metabolites of pentachloranl-
sole and di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate in trout and In-
creased tissue levels of these chemicals. The high
levels of biotransformation products of these chemi-
cals found in fish bile during and after exposure to the
chemicals in these studies support the possible use of
bile sampling in pollutant-modelling programs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Toxicology, Fishes, Or-
ganic compounds, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Toxicity, Cycloalkane hydrocarbons, Public
health, Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Coal fired power plants, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Naphthalene,
Naphthalene/methyl, Phenol/pentachloro, Anisole/
pentachloro, Benzene/trichloro.
PB81-135360 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The Effect of Ozonatlon of Organic* in
WMtewater. Rept. for 1 May 76-30 Apr 79,
Colorado Univ. at Denver.
Wlllard R. Chappell, Robert E. Slevers, and Robert H.
Shapiro. Jan 81,148p EPA-600/1 -81 -005
Grant EPA-R-804472
The effect of ozone treatment of domestic wastewater
and various model compounds has been determined
with respect to trace organic components. Organic
constituents were Identified in wastewater that was
treated with ozone at the Upper Thompson Sanitation
District Treatment Plant, Estes Park, Colorado. The
primary products of ozonatton of this wastwater are n-
alkanes and n-aldehydes. Additional wastewater from
this and other sources, including paper mills and
chemical manufacturing facilities, were ozonated
under laboratory conditions to determine the chemical
effect of ozone treatment. Laboratory studies were
made of ozonatlon of several model compounds, In-
cluding caffeine, oleic acid, saturated aldehydes, dicy-
clopentadiene, diisopropylmethylphosphonate, an p-
chlorophenylmethyl sulfone and reaction products de-
termined.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Ozonatlon,
'Sewage treatment, 'Industral waste treatment,
'Water pollution control, Disinfection, Trace elements,
Paper industry, Chemical Industry, Aldehydes, Xanth-
ines, Pyrimidines, Fatty acids, Reaction kinetics, Mo-
lecular structure, Chemical reactions, Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Samples, Mass spectoscopy,
Water pollution detection, Estes Park(Colorado),
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB81-135378 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Organic Emission In the Flexible
Packaging Industry. Final rept. May 78-Nov 79,
WAPORA, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
David B. Boies, Estelle K. Schumann, and Francis C.
Scofield. Jan 81,141 p EPA-600/2-81 -009
Contract EPA-68-03-2580
A survey of solvent use and emissions, control tech-
nology, and operating characteristics of individual pro-
duction machines was conducted in cooperation with
the Flexible Packaging Association. Responses were
obtained from 154 plants containing 799 prime ma-
chines.
Keywords: 'Packaging materials, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Organic compounds, 'Solvents, Assessments,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Technology,
Incinerators, Adsorption, Cost analysis, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB«1-135980 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Emissions Inventory System/Area Source (EIS/
AS) Test Run Series Documentation,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Larry R. McMaster. Oct 80,282p EPA-450/4-80-018
Contract EPA-68-02-3011
This manual documents the EIS/ AS test run series re-
leased by the Environmental Protection Agency. The
test run series Is divided into two major areas: basic
test runs and ad hoc test runs. The basic test runs ex-
ercise each program in EIS/AS at least once and pro-
vide the user with a means of determining whether or
not his installation of EIS/AS has been successful.
The ad hoc test runs futher exercise the capabilities of
the EIS/AS programs. The ad hoc test runs also pro-
vide the user with examples of how various combina-
tions of EIS/AS programs may be used to generate
certain reports or to accomplish special tasks. Any pro-
grams added to the original EIS/AS system are exer-
cised by ad hoc test runs. The EIS/AS User's Guide
should be used as a reference in conjunction with this
manual. Appendix A of this manual provides a cross-
reference of test, procedures, and programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Computer programming,
Data processing, Documentation, Computer pro-
grams, Particles, System analysis, 'Emission Invento-
ry System, 'User manuals(Computer programs), File
maintenance, Emission factors.
PB61-136061 PCA02/MFA01
Exhaust Emissions from a Passenger Car
Equipped with a DuPont Exhaust Emission Con-
trol System. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C. Thomson. May 70,7p EPA-AA-TEB-70-4
Prepared In cooperation with National Air Pollution
Control Administration, Ann Arbor, Ml. Dlv. of Motor
Vehicle Pollution Control.
The exhaust emission characteristics of a vehicle
equipped with a DuPont exhaust emission control
system were measured to provide a comparison with
other low emission vehicles having the potential for
meeting proposed 1975 Federal Standards. To obtain
emission data, DuPont delivered for test a 1970 Chev-
rolet equipped with their latest reactor system. This
was a typical vehicle with the following modifications:
exhaust manifold reactor, exhaust gas recirculatlon,
manifold air injection, participate traps with special ex-
haust systems, and carburetor modifications. The vehi-
cle used a 350 cubic inch engine with automatic trans-
mission. All tests were run using Indolene 30 fuel.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Carburetors, Performance
evaluation, Chevrolet vehicles, Motor vehicles(1970
models).
PB81-136103 PC A08/MF AP1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The SEAS (Strategic Environmental Assessment
System) Region Model: An Assessment of Current
Status and Prospects,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
T. R. Lakshmanan, Peter Kroll, Bill Barron, Lata
Chatterjee, and M. Pappas. May 79,162p EPA-600/7-
79-119
Grant EPA-R-804869-01
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., MA.
This document describes the research performed in
response to a recognized need for Improvement of the
regional component (REGION) of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Strategic Environmental
Assessment System (SEAS), a computer model of the
nation's economic-environmental-energy interactions
designed to assess alternative environmental and
energy policy scenarios.
Keywords: Economic analysis, Environmental Impacts,
Economic impact, Government policies, National gov-
ernment, Interactions, 'Regional analysis, Strategic
environmental assessment system model, Input-
output analysis, Multireglonal model of regional econo-
my and energy demand, Energy analysis, Economy,
Energy policy.
PB81-136160 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Residential Combustion of
Wood. Final rept. Nov 76-Feb SO,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. G. DeAngelis, D. S. Ruffin, J. A. Peters, and R. B.
Reznik. Mar 80,102p* MRC-DA-974, EPA-600/2-80-
0428
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also report for May 74-Aug 80, PB81 -108078.
The report gives results of an estimate of the potential
environmental impact of the residential combustion of
wood. About 16.6 million metric tons of wood was
burned in the residential section in 1976. About 30% of
this was burned for primary heating In about 912,000
residential units. Geographic distribution of wood-fired
heaters is related to the natural forest regions in the
U.S. By 1985, over 10 million homes will be using some
wood fuel. Emissions from wood-fired residential heat-
ers Include participates, SOx, NOx, CO, hydrocarbons
(HC), and polycyclic organic material (POM). The
impact of these emissions has been assessed by
source severity, involving estimating maximum ground
level concentrations of pollutants and comparing
these concentrations to a National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for criteria pollutants or to a reduced thresh-
old limit value for non-criteria pollutants. A compara-
tive analysis of source severities for residential wood
combustion with other stationary sources Indicates
that residential wood combustion is a major source of
POM. Particulate, HC, and CO emissions from all resi-
dential wood-fired sources were estimated to contrlb-
998 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ute 1.0,1.5, and 3.8%, respectively, of the total nation-
al emission burden for those species In 1976.
Keywords: 'Residental buildings, * Air pollution control,
'Wood, Combustion products, Particles, Sulfur oxides,
Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Po-
lycycllc compounds, Concentration(Composition), As-
sessments, Sources, Trends.
PMV136106 PC A22/MF A
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Compilation of BACT/LAER (Best Available Con-
trol Technology)/(Lowest Achievable Emission
Rate) Determinations, Revised. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jack A. Wunderle. May 80, 530p EPA-450/2-80-070
Contract EPA-68-01 -447
The report gives the results of a survey of Regional
files for PSD and nonattainment permits issued The
original permit applications in the Regions' files were
reviewed and summary sheets completed from the
data contained in the applications. The main purpose
of the summary sheets was to let people know where
similar source category determinations have been
made. Only a selected number of determinations per
category are shown on the summary sheets followed
by a total listing of locations where all other similar cat-
egory determinations have been made. The vast ma-
jority of these determinations are BACT and up to Jan-
uary 1979.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Tables(Data), Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Performance eval-
uation, Concentration(Composition), Sources.
PB81-136509 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Evaluation of the Tentative Standard Method for
Enteric Virus Concentration from Large Volumes
of Tap Water. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Mark D. Sobsey, J. Steven Glass, Robert J. Carrick,
Robert R. Jacobs, and William A. Rutala. 1980,10p
EPA-600/J-80-196
GrantEPA-R-804218
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association,
v72(5) p292-299 May 80.
During 24 months of evaluation the tentative standard
method was found to be inetficient-and sometimes in-
effective-for concentrating low levels of laboratory-
grown and naturally occurring sewage-extracted enter-
ic viruses from 380-L(100-gal) volumes of experimen-
tally contaminated tap water.
Keywords: "Potable water, *Enteroviruses, 'Viruses,
Water pollution, Evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Efficiency, Reprints,
* Drinking water, 'Water pollution control.
PB81-136517 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Modifications of the Tentative Standard Method
for Improved Virus Recovery Efficiency. Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Mark D. Sobsey, J. Steven Glass, Robert R. Jacobs,
and William A. Rutala. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-195
GrantEPA-R-804218
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association,
v72(6),p350-355Jun80.
Deficiencies in the tentative standard method (TSM)
for concentrating viruses from water (explored by the
authors in the May Journal) can be overcome or cir-
cumvented by certain procedural modifications. These
modified procedures can improve virus adsorption by
polyvalent cation enhancement or the use of alterna-
tive adsorbent filters, and can also enhance elutlon of
adsorbed viruses.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Concentration(Composition), Effi-
ciency, Water pollution, Methodology, Adsorption, Fil-
ters, Reprints, 'Water pollution control.
PB81-136525 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Endotoxlns, Algae and 'Llmulus' Amoebocyte
Lysate Test In Drinking Water. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Jan L Sykora, Georg Keieti, Richard Roche, David R.
Volk, and George P. Kay. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-
199
Grant EPA-R-805368
Pub. in Water Research, v14 p829-8391980.
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to deter-
mine the distribution of algae and bacteria, and investi-
gate sources of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) in
drinking water. The field survey was performed on five
1000 Vol. 83, No. 26
drinking water systems located in Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania during the spring and summer of 1978.
The highest concentrations of phytoplankton were
found in uncovered finished water reservoirs. The
major source of 'endotoxic' response as measured by
the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) gelation test was
a non-specific reaction caused by algae. This was doc-
umented by a highly positive correlation of phytoplank-
ton concentrations occurring in the reservoirs with re-
spective LAL liters. Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta)
was the most common alga, whereas Schizothrix calci-
cola was the most dominant Cyanobacterium found in
the five water systems. LAL gelation with C. vulgaris
grown in the laboratory verified the phenomenon ob-
served on samples collected in the field and indicated
a non-specific reaction, whereas S. calcicola cultures
under identical conditions produced a specific re-
sponse. Alkali and lysozyme treatments were success-
ful in distinguishing specific and non-specific LAL reac-
tions. These two techniques in conjunction with LAL
test are recommended for drinking water quality as-
sessment.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Bacteria, 'Potable water, 'Lipopo-
lysaccharides, Distribution, Surveys, Pennsylvania,
Phytoplankton, Reprints, Drinking water, Chlorella vul-
garis, Schizothrix calcicola, Limulus, Allegheny
County(Pennsylvania).
PB81-138075 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Testing of New Technology: Three-Way Catalyst
Equipped Vehicles In Los Angeles. Final rept.,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA.
Alan D. Jones. Aug 80,164p EPA-460/3-80-027
Contract EPA-68-03-2881
This report presents and summarizes exhaust emis-
sions test data and other related information obtained
in the testing and inspection of 116 in-use passenger
cars. The test fleet consisted of 1979-1980 automo-
biles equipped with three-way catalyst emission con-
trol systems. The test vehicles were obtained random-
ly from private owners in the Los Angeles and Orange
County areas. The testing was completed August
1980. Each vehicle was tested in as-received condi-
tion and given an underhood emissions control com-
ponent inspection. The test sequence consisted of the
1975 Federal Test Procedure, a Highway Fuel Econo-
my test, a Bagged Idle test, a 50 mph Cruise test, a
Four-Speed Idle test and a Loaded Two-Mode test.
Twenty-five of the 116 vehicles received an evapora-
tive emissions test using the SHED technique. Nine-
teen of the 116 vehicles received restorative mainte-
nance repairs and additional testing. Twenty-three of
the 116 vehicles were specially selected Cadillacs with
four of these undergoing selective malperformance
testing.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Catalytic converters, Exhaust gases,
Performance tests, Maintenance, Air pollution, Motor
vehicles)"! 979 models), Motor vehicles(1980 models).
PB81-138471 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Federal Agency Noise Control Technology: Re-
search, Development, and Demonstration
Projects on Industrial Manufacturing, Mining and
Construction Equipment during the Fiscal year
1980.
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
JulBO, 107p* EPA-550/9-80-317
Contract EPA-68-01-5040
The report identifies Federally sponsored noise tech-
nology research projects in the areas of industrial ma-
chinery, mining, and C9nstruction equipment to control
occupational and environmental noise. More than 35
projects sponsored by 12 Federal agencies are identi-
fied. Only projects that were active, recently complet-
ed, or impending as of January 1980 and reported by
the Federal agencies to EPA are described. Identified
for each project are objectives, accomplishments,
status, schedule, funding project officer, and investiga-
tor. The report also contains a bibliography of all noise
technology reports on the above subject matter com-
pleted by Federal agencies, and released and avail-
able to the public in years 1978,1979, or 1980.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Research projects, Re-
search management, National government, Construc-
tion equipment, Mining, Machinery, Industrial plants,
Noise pollution, Technology assessment.
PB6M40493 PCA16/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Pollution Abstracts. Volume 7, Number 1 (Jan-
uary 1980-June 1980). Quarterly rept.,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Henry W. Offen, Helmut Ehrenspeck, Christine
Matuck, Dorothy Hannan, and Rosemary Stefani. Jan
81, 355p* EPA-600/2-81-005
Grant EPA-R-807366-01-0
See also Volume 6, Number 4, PB80-191067.
OIL POLLUTION ABSTRACTS is a semi-annual basic
reference guide to current scientific and technical liter-
ature relevant to terrestrial and aquatic oil pollution.
This issue contains 750 bibliographic entries with ab-
stracts, covering the years 19/7 to 1980. The entries
are arranged in eight major topical categories compris-
ing thirty-seven specific subcategories. The major cat-
egories are as follows: Oil pollution detection, analysis
and evaluation; oil pollution prevention response and
control; environmental impacts of oil pollution; fate of
oil in the environment; pollution aspects of oil explora-
tion, development and production; pollution aspects of
oil transport, transfer and storage; petroleum and pe-
trochemical industry waste treatment and disposal;
and miscellaneous publications. A permuted Subject
Keyword Index provides access to every entry, and
author and patent index are included.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies, Environmen-
tal impacts, Water pollution control, Marine transporta-
tion, Marine terminals, Industrial wastes, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Research projects, Indexes(Documentation), Ab-
stracts, 'Oil spills.
PB81-1406S9 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fine Solids Removal Following Combined Chemi-
cal-Trickling Filter Treatment. Final rept. Sep 73-
Mar 75,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
James C. Brown. Jul 80,36p EPA-600/2-80-099
Contract EPA-68-03-0225
This research project was designed to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of settling ponds and several types of
granular media filters for removing residual fine solids
from the effluent of a conventional, high-rate, rocK
media trickling filter plant when alum is applied ahead
of secondary clarification. Two pilot settling ponds,
one covered and one open, were operated at deten-
tion times ranging from 8 to 30 hr. two pilot granular
media filters were operated at filtration rates ranging
from 1.0 to 2.0 1 /sec/sq m (1.5 to 3.0 gpm/sq ft). The
filters were operated in both downflow and upflow
modes, with various media used in each operational
mode. Very modest improvement in final effluent qual-
ity, generally less than 25 percent, was observed.
Keywords: 'Trickling filtration, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), 'Sewage treatment, up-
grading, Clarification, Settling, Lagoons(Ponds), co-
agulation, Aluminum sulfate, Gravel, Filters, Perform-
ance evaluation, Pilot plants, Water quality, Removal,
Suspended solids.
PB81-141137 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D°-
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology-
Petroleum Blodegradatlon Potential of Northern
Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca Environ-
ments. Final rept. Aug 78-Oct 79,
Alberta Univ., Edmonton. „,
D. W. S. Westlake, and F. D. Cook. Jun 80, 147p EPA-
600/7-80-133
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Seattle, WA. Environmental He-
search Labs.
The oil-degrading activity of the microbial Hora
in marine samples from three sites in the nortner''
Puget Sound-Samish Bay, E. Fidalgo and Pt. Pa^fSf
and several sites in the Pt. Angeles area were lnve8"/
gated in this study. Activity was measured in ••row"
changes in the n-alkane and isoprenoid gas chromaKj'
graphic profile of the saturate fraction and reported »
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
terms of a 'Degradatiye Capacity Index'. Oil-degrading
activity was greatest in areas adjacent to oil refineries
and areas of relatively high levels of commercial activi-
ty. The levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were the pri-
mary environmental factors controlling the activity of
the oil-degrading microbial flora. The fact that oil-de-
grading bacterial populations were readily isolated
under enrichment conditions similar to those existing
in the natural environment whereas fungi and yeast
were only obtained under selective enrichment condi-
tions (i.e. low pH) suggests that bacteria would be the
most active group in removing oil spilled from this envi-
ronment. Oil-degrading populations consisted pre-
dominantly of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas
genera with occasional populations containing a pre-
dominance of members of Acinetobacter and Alcali-
genes genera.
Keywords: 'Marine atmosphere, 'Microorganisms,
Biodeterioration, Cargo transportation, Sites, Sam-
pling, Bacteria, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Canada, Wash-
ington, Gas chromatography, Yeasts, Fungi, Isotopic
w&eling, 'Oil spills, 'Water pollution sampling,
Seartle(Washington), Vancouver(Canada).
PB81-141525 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Chemistry of Selected Sulfur-Con-
wlnlng Compounds Outdoor Smog Chamber
Study - Phase 1. Final rept. Sep 76-Feb 78,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
J- E. Sickles, II, R. S. Wright, and Bruce W. Gay, Jr. Dec
79,307p EPA-600/7-79-227
Contract EPA-68-02-2437
The chemical behavior of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl
sulfide, carbon sulfide, methanethiol, ethanethiol,
fnethyl sulfide, ethylsulfide, methyl-disulfide, ethyldisul-
"00. methylethylsulfide, thiophene, 2-methylthio-
Pnene, 3-methylthiophene, 2,5-dimethyl-thiophene
and propene (used as a control) was investigated
jjnder atmospheric conditions in outdoor smog cnam-
oers. Target initial concentrations of 2.0 ppm carbon of
•test compound and 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm NOx
were Investigated simultaneously in four Identical
«nog chambers. A total of twenty 2-day four-chamber
juns, or eighty 2-day experiments involving irradiated
sulfur specles-NOx or propene-NOx systems was con-
Ducted. The results of experiments conducted with
«ach compound were analyzed by examining the influ-
ence of Initial conditions on the following selected re-
parameters: the time to NO-NO2 crossover;
"™wmum concentration of O3, N02, PAN, SO2, par-
"cuiate, and condensation nuclei; nitrogen mass Dal-
•nee; time to one-half consumption of the test species;
r]» second-day net ozone concentration. Subse-
quently, selected reaction parameters were compared
across test compounds.
£|V*ord8: 'Air pollution, 'Test chambers, 'Ozone,
ouitur Inorganic compounds, 'Sulfur organic com-
K~unds, Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Combus-
2°n products, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
^ncentratlon(Compo8ltlon).
- PC A14/MF A01
."•"TOnmental Protectton Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
SJdEvaluatton Branch.
Support for an Evaluation of a Houston
and Functional Inspectlon/Mslntsnsnce
. Final rept.
e Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
XT"*), 31 4p EPA-460/3-80-021
'-Ontract EPA-68-03-2935
Was
for determination of the effects of in-
XrF™00 and maintenance on a sample of passenger
fa* operating In the Houston area. This sample was
H*> used for obtaining abbreviated emission test
™*>n; cyc|e test), fuel economy, and emission compo-
,Jg"Jsystem maladjustment and disablement and
Mi. j8- Four-hundred eighty vehicles were inspect-
"jaer the program: one-hundred from the 1980
year' one-hundred 1979 vehicles, one-hundred
Chicles, sixty 1977 vehicles, sixty 1976 vehicles
from the 1975 model year. Both domestic
rted auto makes were examined. All vehicles
iled an Initial inspection, a total of 206 vehl-
£"». were subject to a baseline and set of replicate
iff" •squences comprised of the FTP, the 50 Cruise
Two'iT?. Highway Fuel Economy Test, the Loaded
™° Mode Test and the Four Speed Idle Test. A pre-
scribed maintenance step preceded each of the repli-
cate sequences. Failed vehicles were further subject
to an emission control system maladjustment/disable-
ment and status inspection, driveability evaluations
and owner-interviews to obtain vehicle maintenance
and useage data.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Maintenance, Performance evaluation, Air
pollution control equipment, Exhaust gases, Fuel con-
sumption, Data processing, Texas, 'Vehicle Inspec-
tion, Inspection stations, HoustonfTexas).
PB81-141566 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Frequency of Leak Occurrence for Fittings In Syn-
thetic Organic Chemical Plant Process Units. Final
rept. Nov 79-Sep 80,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. R. Blacksmith, G. E. Harris, and G. L. Langley. Jan
81,169p EPA-600/2-81-003
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes results of a study of the fre-
quency of leak occurrence in the synthetic chemical
manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The frequency of oc-
currence of fugitive emissions was determined by in-
strumental screening, defined as measurement or the
concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
as close as possible to the point of suspected leakage
(e.g., the valve stem, pump seal). The screening value
is the maximum repeatable VOC concentration detect-
ed for any given source expressed In parts per million
by volume (ppmv). A total of 24 process units in the
SOCMI were tested. The frequency of fugitive emis-
sions sources with screening values equal to or great-
er than 10,000 ppmv was tabulated for all units com-
bined, for each type of chemical process, and for each
process unit.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, Leakage,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Organic compounds, 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB81-141574 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Chemistry ol Selected Sulfur-Con-
taining Compounds. Outdoor Smog Chamber
Study. Phase 2. Final rept. Jul 78-Mar 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, II, and R. S. Wright. Jan 81,224p EPA-
600/7-81-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2969
The photochemical behavior of mixtures of selected
sulfur containing species, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen
oxides was examined In outdo*,, smog chambers.
Sulfur dioxide, H2S. CH3SH, COS, and thiophene are
the sulfur species tested. A surrogate ambient hydro-
carbon mixture comprised of 25 percent propene and
75 percent butane known as the EKMA mix was se-
lected. An experimental matrix was designed where
Initial EKMA mix concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 2.0
ppmC, Initial NOx concentrations ranged from 0.0 to
0.4 ppm, resulting In initial HC/NOx ratios of 0. to 40.
The impact of the sulfur species on the behavior of the
EKMA MIx-NOx system was examined by conducting
experiments at various points on the matrix with and
without 1 ppm of each sulfur species. A total of 172
single-chamber experiments was conducted over 43
test days. The experimental results were analyzed to
determine the Impact of each test sulfur species on the
production of ozone, SO2 (where appropriate), and
particulate sulfur. In selected cases, the Influence of
each test species on the average hydroxyl radical con-
centration was examined.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Sulfur Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Sulfur organic compounds, 'Test chambers,
'Ozone, Smog, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Tables(Data), Nitro-
gen oxides.
PB81-141682 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
CHI Pollution Abstracts. Volume 7, Number 2 (July
1080-Novtmber 1980). Semiannual rept,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Marine Science Inst.
Helmut Ehrenspeck, Christine Matuck, and Kim
Judson. Jan 61,233p EPA-600/2-81 -004
Grant EPA-R-807366
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-191067.
This is the twenty-third and final issue of Oil Pollution
Abstracts, a basic reference guide to current scientific
and technical literature relevant to terrestrial and
aquatic oil pollution. This Issue contains 450 biblio-
graphic entries with abstracts, covering the years 1977
to 1980. The entries are arranged In eight major topical
categories comprising thirty-seven specific subcate-
gories. The major categories are as follows: Oil pollu-
tion detection, analysis and evaluation; oil pollution
prevention, repsonse and control; environmental Im-
pacts of oil pollution; fate of oil in the environment; pol-
lution aspects of oil exploration, development and pro-
duction; pollution aspects of oil transport, transfer and
storage; petroleum and petrochemical industry waste
treatment and disposal; and miscellaneous publica-
tions.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Bibliographies, Research
projects, Indexes(Documentation), Environmental im-
pacts, Marine transportation, Water pollution control,
Social effect, Economic Impact, 'Oil spills, Legal as-
pects, Biodegradatlon.
PB81-141590 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Processing Equipment for Resource Recovery
Systems. Volume II. Magnetic Separators, Air
Classifier and Ambient Air Emissions Testa. Final
rept,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
B. W. Simlster, and David Bendersky. Jul 80,172p
EPA-600/2-80-007B
Contract EPA-68-03-2387
This report presents the results of a study of equip-
ment and systems for processing municipal solid
wastes Into energy related products. The study was di-
vided Into three phases. The first phase was devoted
to a study of the state of the art and formulation of the
research needs. The second phase was devoted to
field tests of magnetic separators, air classifier and air
emissions. The third phase Is involved with field tests
of shredders.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Fuels, Equipment,
Sewage treatment, Magnetic separators, Shredders,
Air classifiers, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Process charting, *Refuse derived fuels, State of the
art.
PB81-141608 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Subchronlc Tox-
Iclty Testing Held at Denver, Colorado on May 20-
24,1979. Final rept,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Norbert Page, Dallrt Sawhney, and Michael G. Ryon.
Nov 80,69p ORNL/EIS-189, EPA-560/11-80-028
Contract W-7405-eng-26
This workshop was held at Denver, Colorado, May 20-
24,1979, to assist the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances In developing guidelines for subchronlc
toxlcity testing under the Toxic Substances Control
Act. the participants were organized Into committees
to discuss the relationship of protocol design to chemi-
cal class, the experimental design (route of exposure,
dose, duration, test species, and age and number of
animals), the evaluation of toxic effects (clinical obser-
vations, clinical laboratory tests, and pathology), the
criteria for data extrapolation from one route of admin-
istration to another route, and limitations of acute and
subchronlc tests. Research recommendations submit-
ted by each committee for their topic areas are pre-
sented In the document.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, Guidelines,
Dosage, Time, Extrapolation, Methodology, Tests, Pa-
thology, Laboratory animals, Physiological effects, Cri-
teria, Evaluation, 'Toxic substances. Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act, Public Law 94-489.
December 1983 1001
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-141616 PC A07/MF A01
Support Document, Test Data Development
Standards, Physical/Chemical and Persistence
Characteristics: Density/Relative Density, Melting
Temperatures, Vapor Pressure, Octanol/Water
Partition Coefficient, Soil Thin Layer Chromatog-
raphy. Proposed Rule, Section 4, Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
George I. Armstrong, Robert H. Brink, and Asa Leifer.
Oct 80,147p EPA-560/11 -80-027
This technical Support Document provides the ration-
ale for the development of test standards to develop
data on density/relative density, melting temperature,
vapor pressure, octanol/water partition coefficient,
and soil thin layer chromatograpny of chemical sub-
stances. EPA will use the data on these physical/
chemical characteristics to evaluate the manner and
extent of environmental transport, fate and places of
deposit as an aid in assessing health and environmen-
tal effects of chemicals under TSCA. For density/rela-
tive testing, an analysis is given of available methods
of determining this property of particular classes of
materials with different physical characteristics. For
melting temperature testing, available methods are
analyzed in terms of materials with different physical
characteristics. For vapor pressure, two procedures
are given, the isoteniscope procedure for pressures of
0.1 to 100 kPa and a gas saturation (transpiration) pro-
cedure for pressures of .00001 to the 1,000 Pa. The
Knudsen effusion procedures are also given. How to
determine the numerical values of the octanol/water
partition coefficient are given. Soil thin layer chroma-
tography, an experimental method for determining the
relative mobility of organic chemicals in soils, is dis-
cussed, including scientific aspects of soil leaching,
economic aspects of the method, and specific history
and the rationale for selection of experimental condi-
tions for this method.
Keywords: * Environmental surveys, Density(Mass/
volume), Soil analysis, Transport properties, Tempera-
ture, Vapor pressure, Chemical analysis, Separation,
Leaching, Thin layer chromatography, Standards, Spe-
cific gravity, Melting points, Land pollution, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB81-141624 PC A05/MF A01
Regulatory Analysis: Proposed Premanufacture
Notification and Review Procedures. Proposed
Rule, Section 5, Toxic Substances Control Act
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 80,81p EPA-560/12-80-006
Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
requires manufacturers and importers to notify EPA 90
days before they manufacture or import a new chemi-
cal substance. New substances are those that are not
on the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory, which
was first published on June 1, 1979, and supplement-
ed on July 30,1980, by a Revised Inventory. EPA pro-
posed regulations to implement section 5 require-
ments and to establish premanufacture notice and
review procedures in the Federal Register of January
10, 1979 (44 FR 2242), October 16, 1979 (44 FR
59764), and August 15, 1980 (45 FR 54642). In this
draft Regulatory Analysis, EPA explains the rationale
for its proposal. The Regulatory Analysis also dis-
cusses the major issues raised by the proposed rules
and describes the different alternatives the Agency
considered for resolving the issues. The analysis is in
part based on the proposed 'Economic Impact Analy-
sis of Proposed Section 5 Notice Requirements,' pre-
pared by ICF Incorporated of Washington, DC.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Regulations, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Manufacturers, International
trade, 'Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB81-141632 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Section 5
Notice Requirements. Part I: Analysis of the Im-
pacts on the Chemical Industry of Proposed Sec-
tion 5 Notice Requirements. Part II: Issue Papers,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Robert Dresser, James Edwards, Joseph Kirk, and
Stuart Fribush. SepSO, 240p* EPA-560/12-80-005
Contract EPA-68-01-5878
This report presents the analysis of the economic
impact of TSCA section 5 rules on the chemical indus-
try. The industry will be impacted when it introduces
new chemicals. Of the six distinguishable consequenc-
es for the chemical industry, the most important are
the nonquantifiable uncertainty consequences. The
more unclear EPA's rationale in making section 5
notice decisions, the greater are the uncertainties.
There will likely be a short-run drop in the number of
new chemicals introducted into commerce as chemi-
cal companies shift their innovation activities into
'safe' chemicals. Current data do not allow a quantita-
tive estimate to be made of the rate of chemical intro-
ductions, or the extent of the reduction caused by the
section 5 notice requirements; and, even If the data
were available, It is doubtful that accurate quantitative
predictions could be made. Smaller companies will
face greater uncertainties and the direct costs will
more often be a factor in company decisions. In the
long run, this regulation may cause the chemical indus-
try to be composed of a fewer number of larger com-
petitors better able to absorb the direct costs and reg-
ulatory uncertainty associated with the requirement.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Regulation, 'Chemical industry, Economic anal-
ysis, International trade, Manufacturers, Product de-
velopment, Marketing, Reporting, International trade,
'Toxic Substances Control Act, Commercialization, In-
dustrial structure.
PB81-141640 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Identifica-
tion and Notification Rule on Friable Asbestos
Containing Materials In Schools. Proposed Rule,
Section 6 Toxic Substances Control Act. Final
rept.,
Young (Arthur) and Co., Washington, DC.
Susan Wright, Stephen Schoepke, and Philip Mathias.
Sep 80,294p* EPA-560/12-80-004
Contract EPA-68-01-3930
This study examines the economic impact of the de-
tection and notification of schools which have areas
contaminated with friable asbestos-containing materi-
als. The problem is identified by geographic area and
by square footage of asbestos-containing materials
per school. Unit costs are examined by region for in-
spection and analysis of samples by X-ray diffraction,
electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. The total
impacts of Asbestos Schools Rule No. 1 are also pre-
sented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materials, Eco-
nomic analysis, Exposure, Public health, Air pollution,
Environments, Dust, Fibers, Minerals, Tests, Schools,
'Economic impact, Environmental health, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB81-141657
PC A06/MF A01
Support Document for Proposed Rule on Friable
Asbestos-Containing Materials In School Build-
ings. Health Effects and Magnitude of Exposure.
Proposed Rule, Section 6 Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Charles Poole, and Harry Teltelbaum. Oct 80,123p*
EPA-560/12-80-003
The Agency has determined that exposure to asbestos
health. Expqusre to asbestos fibers can lead to serious
and irreversible diseases. Friable asbestos-containing
materials release ashestos fibers Into the ambient en-
vironment. A sizeable proportion of schools contain
asbestos-containing materials. In certain conditions
these materials release fibers in concentrations which
pose increased risks of developing the disease.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materials, Expo-
sure, Public health, Air pollution, Environments, Dust,
Fibers, Minerals, Tests, Schools, Risk, Assessments,
Environmental health, Air pollution control, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB81-141913 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Methodology for Evaluating the Impact and
Abatement of Combined Sewer Overflows. A
Case Study of Onondaga Lake, New York. Final
rept. Jun 77-Oct 79,
Stearns and Wheeler, Cazenovia, NY.
Peter E. Moffa, John C. Byron, Steven D. Freedman,
John M. Karanik, and Randy Ott. Nov 80,139p EPA-
600/8-80-048
Grant EPA-R-805096
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Drainage
ana Sanitation, Onondaga County, NY.
A general methodology is presented for the evaluation
of the impact and abatement of combined sewer over-
flows on receiving waters. It was developed from expe-
rience with Onondaga Lake, an urban lake in central
New York that receives combined sewer overflows
from the City of Syracuse via three tributary streams.
Field measurements were made of representative
combined sewer overflows and the receiving water for
the purpose of developing individual mathematical
models. These models were employed to project the
magnitude of pollutant load from a combined sewer
system for different storm conditions and the associat-
ed receiving water impact, respectively. The results of
these two models can be combined to express the
abatement cost to achieve different water quality
standards.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Onondaga Lake, Storms, Overflows,
Mathematical models, Monitoring, Volume, Rainfall,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Sulfides,
Metals, Collform bacteria, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Temperature, Cost effectiveness, Compari-
son, New York, SWMM model, SSWMM model.
PB81-141939 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chlorine Minimization/Optimization for Condens-
er Blofoullng Control: Final Report. Rept. for Dec
75-Mar80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Oiv. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
R. D.Moss, H. B. Flora, II, R. A. Hiltunen, C. V.
Seaman, and Julian W. Jones. Aug 80,268p EPA-600/
7-80-143
The report summarizes results of a chlorine minimiza-
tion/optimization study for the control of biofouling on
the surface of condenser tubes at TVA's John Sevier
Plant from December 1975 to December 1978.
Keywords: 'Fouling prevention, 'Condenser tubes,
'Chlorine, Optimization, Chlorination, Water quality,
Steam power plants, Water pollution control, Biofoul-
ing.
PB81-142143 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Study of Emissions from Passenger Cars In Six
Cities, FY79. Volume I. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Oct 80,879p EPA-460/3-80-020A
Contract EPA-68-03-2774
See also Volume 2, PB81-142150.
The standard mass emission test (Federal Test Proce-
dure) was performed for emission factors determina-
tion on samples of passenger cars operating in Los
Angeles. Houston, Denver, Phoenix, St. Louis and
Washington, DC. these samples were also used for
obtaining abbreviated emission test (short cycle test),
fuel economy test, emission related maintenance and
other data. Two-thousand forty-two (2,042) vehicles
were tested under the program. The FTP and the High-
way Fuel Economy Test were performed on all vehi-
cles at all sites. Some vehicles which exceed Federal
standards (excluding the Houston site) were subjected
to a restorative maintenance evaluation. The evalua-
tion employed in Los Angeles was designed to ad-
dress three-way catalyst technology. Some vehicles In
all but the Los Angeles site were used to evaluate
commercial repair facility performance in relation to
idle speed and mixture adjustments. Other actions
were taken In relation to each vehicle tested. These in-
cluded an emission control system maladjustment/dis-
ablement and status inspection drtveabilify evaluations
and owner interviews to obtain vehicle maintenance
and usage data.
1002 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption. Exhaust gases, Performance tests,
Maintenance. Inspection, Catalytic converters, Air pol-
lution, Motor vehicles(1975 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1976 models), Motor vehicles(1977 models),
Motor vehicles(1978 models), Motor vehicles(1979
models), Motor vehicles(1980 models).
PB81-142150 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Study of Emissions from Passenger Cars In Six
Cltlss, FY79. Volume II. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO.
Oct 80,899p EPA-460/3-80-020B
Contract EPA-68-03-2774
See also Volume 1, PB81 -142143.
The standard mass emission test (Federal Test Proce-
dure) was performed for emission factors determina-
tion on samples of passenger cars operating in Los
Angeles, Houston, Denver, Phoenix, St. Louis and
Washington, DC. These samples were also used for
obtaining abbreviated emission test (short cycle test),
fuel economy test, emission related maintenance and
other data.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Exhaust gases, Performance tests,
Maintenance, Inspection, Catalytic converters, Air pol-
lution, Motor vehicles(1975 models), Motor vehi-
cles(l976 models), Motor vehicles(1977 models),
Motor vehicles(1978 models), Motor vehicles(1979
models), Motor vehicles(1980 models).
PB81-142192 PC A09/MF A01
Assessment of Energy Resource Development
Impact on Water Quality: The Yampa and White
River Basins. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
S. M. Melancon, B. C. Hess, and R. W. Thomas. Sep
80,185p EPA-600/7-80-151
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biology.
The Yampa and White River Basins are key areas in
the Nation's search for untaped resources to supple-
ment increasing energy demands. The basins contain
vast beds of low-sulfur, strippable coal that potentially
will support a large number of coal-fired powerplants
as wet) as some of the richest oil shale deposits in the
United States. However, conversion of these energy
resources into commercially usable power and fuells
expected will have considerable impact on water re-
sources in the Yampa and White River Basins. De-
creased flows from energy developments will accom-
pany increased salt and sediment loadings. Water
quality monitoring needs in the basins are addressed
with priority listings of parameters for measurement to
detect changes in water quality as a result of energy
resource development.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Water pollution, Moni-
toring. Yampa River Basin, White River Basin, Strip
mining, Coal, Oil shale, Runoff, Environmental im-
pacts, Stream flow, Water supply, Irrigation, Salinity,
Ground water, Sediments, Colorado, Wyoming, Energy
source development, 'Energy demand, Water quality
data.
PB81-142325 PC A99/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Troubleshooting 5 ft. M Problems In Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Instructor Manual.
Southern Illinois Univ. at Edwardsville. Environmental
Resources Training Center.
1980,1607pEPA-430/1-77-001
Grant EPA-T-900783-01-1
Supersedes PB-283 216.
The Instructor Notebook is designed for use by instruc-
tors who wish to teach a short-term education/training
course on the process of troubleshooting operation
and maintenance problems in wastewater treatment
facilities. The materials are geared toward procedures
for identifying and isolating a problem, formulating al-
ternative actions and solutions, and combining correc-
tive action with short and long-range followup. Both
interpersonal and technical skills are stressed in this
15 unit course which Includes both Instructor and train-
ee materials. The units cover the majority of liquid and
solid waste treatment processes and operations com-
monly encountered in municipal wastewater treatment
facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Handbooks, Activat-
ed sludge process, Anaerobic processes, Disinfection,
Performance evaluation, Maintenance, 'Liquid
wastes, 'Solid wastes.
PB81-142473 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Impact of Urban Storm Runoff on Stream Quality
Near Atlanta, Georgia. Final rept. Oct 75-Oot 77,
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water
fishes, Oysters, Shrimps, Sea grasses, Sediments,
Microorganisms, Adsorption, Bfoaasay, Emzymes,
Fatty acids, Animal diseases, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB81-142630
PC A12/MF A01
Dlv.
Resources
James B. McConnell. Aug 80,66p EPA-600/2-80-094
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of
stormwater runoff from point and nonpoint sources on
the water quality of receiving streams in the Atlanta
area. Emphasis was placed on the collection of water-
quality data in the summer and autumn to determine
the impact on streams from runoff produced by thun-
derstorms during the dry-weather seasons. Compared
to dry-weather flow, stormwater runoff significantly in-
creased the average concentration of suspended sedi-
ment, BODS, total organic carbon, total ammonia nitro-
gen, total phosphorus, fecal conform bacteria, and
trace metals in most receiving streams in the Atlanta
Metropolitan Area. Stormwater runoff increased the
mean concentration of most constituents 2- to 5-fold.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution,
'Streams, Assessments, Concentration(Composition),
Suspended sediments, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Bacteria, Metals, Pesti-
cides, Georgia, 'Storm water runoff, Water quality
data, Atlanta(Georgia).
PB81-142481 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Septage Management. Final rept. Jul 75-Apr 77,
Rezek, Henry, Meisenheimer and Gende, Inc., Liberty-
ville, IL.
Joseph W. Rezek, and Ivan A. Cooper. Aug 80,140p
EPA-600/8-80-032
Contract EPA-68-03-2231
This report presents state-of-the-art information for im-
plementing cost effective and environmentally sound
solutions to the nationwide problem of septic tank
sludge (septage) treatment and disposal. Current
hauler practices, septage characterization, and regula-
tory control are presented. Design concepts of full
scale and pilot installations are presented for land dis-
posal schemes, for separate septage treatment proc-
esses in areas with sufficient septage volumes to sup-
port such a facility, and for septage "sposal at sewage
treatment plants (STP). Actual system costs and envi-
ronmental and socio-economic acceptability for many
actual and proposed treatment schemes are detailed
to assist in the selection of the best treatment scheme
for a particular locale at the least possible cost. A sig-
nificant bibliography is presented which embodies
most of the pertinent U.S. references on the subject.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, Design criteria, Manage-
ment planning, Substitutes, Performance evaluation,
Equipment, Sewage treatment, 'Septic tank sludge,
'Sludge treatment, Land disposal, State of the art.
PB81-142499 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Fats and Effect of Oil In the Aquatic Environment
- Qulf Coast Region. Final rept,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State.
Lewis R. Brown, and C. Stanford Hegre. Jul 80,115p
EPA-600/3-80-058A
Contract EPA-68-01-0745
The purpose of this research Investigation was to de-
termine the fate and effect of crude oil in the aquatic
environment of the coastal Gulf of Mexico. Emphasis
was placed on the long-term, low-level chronic effects
of oil pollution on the ecosystem. Of the five crudes
employed in the investigation, Empire Mix crude was
studied most intensively.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Marine biology, 'Ecology, 'Oil
pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Hydrocarbons, Toxiclty, Blode-
terioration, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Marine
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
The Removal of Metals and Viruses In Advanced
Wastewater Treatment Sequences. Final rept. Jun
72-Dec 73,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Steven E. Esmond, Albert C. Petrasek, Jr., Harold W.
Wolf, and D. Craig Andrews. Aug 80, 261 p EPA-600/2-
80-149
Grant EPA-S-801 026
An extensive study of metals and virus removals by ad-
vanced wastewater treatment processes was conduct-
ed In Dallas, Texas from June 1 972 through December
1973. Processes applied to a biologically nitrified efflu-
ent included chemical coagulation with alum and/or
lime, high-pH lime treatment with and without recar-
bonation, filtration through multi- and dual-media fil-
ters, and carbon adsorption. The high-pH lime treat-
ment with recarbonation provided a most effective
treatment for both metals removals and disinfection.
Boron surfaced as a material that may require other
means of control. Although high-pH lime treatment
was indicated to be extremely effective for virus re-
moval (or inactivation), metals removal were not of the
same order of magnitude. Thus, efforts to control
metals at points of discharge are strongly supported.
The removal of some metals by biological processes
appeared to be influenced by their concentration.
Median values were observed to be more indicative of
the plant processes than mean values. Coliphages
were observed to provide essentially the same virus
removals values as polioviruses. The suggestion is
made that all wastes should be subject to biological
treatment, and if such treatment is found ineffective,
then other means of control are warranted.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Viruses, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water reclamation, Potable water, Texas, Equipment,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Coagulation,
Calcium oxides, Alums, Pilot plants, Disinfection,
'Heavy metals, 'Water quality, 'Tertiary treatment,
DallasfTexas).
PB81-142648 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Review of Alternatives for Evaluation of Sewer
Flushing Dorchester Area—Boston. Final rept.,
Bogert (Clinton) Associates, Fort Lee, NJ.
Herbert L. Kaufman, and Fu-hsiung Lai. Aug 80,100p
EPA-600/2-80-118
Contract EPA-68-01-4617
Alternatives employing sewer flushing were developed
for the Dorchester area of Boston and their cost effec-
tiveness compared with the decentralized combined
sewer overflow (CSO) storage/treatment and disinfec-
tion facilities proposed as Eastern Massachusetts Met-
ropolitan Area (EMMA) Alternative 1. Thirty-three alter-
natives were evaluated. These alternatives included
sewer flushing, off-line storage, in-pipe storage, stor-
age/treatment facilities, and a combination of the
above. A study objective was to determine if additional
expenditures to develop sewer flushing techniques
and devices were indeed appropriate. Continuous sim-
ulation runs using 16 years (1960-1975) of hourly rain-
fall data from May through November were made to
determine the level of CSO pollution control obtained.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Storm
sewers, 'Sanitary sewers, 'Sewage treatment, Rain-
fall, Overflows, Mathematical models, Cost effective-
ness, Flushing, Water storage, Cost analysis,
Tables(Data), Evaluation, Computer programming,
Massachusetts, 'Alternative planning,
Boston(Massachusetts), 'Sewer flushing.
PB81-142855 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD Survey: July - September 1960.
Quarterly rept,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, N. Gregory, and M. Groeber. Oct
80,343p EPA-600/7-80-029D
December 1983 1003
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also report dated Jan SO, PB80-176811.
This report is the last of three supplements updating
the October-December 1979 report (PB80-176811)
and should be used in conjunction with it. The report,
which is generated by a computerized data base
system, presents a survey of operational and planned
domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems,
operational domestic particle scrubbers, and Japa-
nese coal-fired utility boiler FGD installations. It sum-
marizes information contributed by the utility industry,
process suppliers, regulatory agencies, and consulting
engineering firms. Domestic FGD systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically by development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process and waste disposal
practice. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. It includes unit by unit dependability param-
eters and discusses problems and solutions associat-
ed with the boilers and FGD systems. Process flow
diagrams and FGD system economic data are append-
ed.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Flue gases, Surveys, Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Scrubbers, Tables(Data), Cost
analysis, Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Listings.
PB81-142663 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Monitoring Septage Addition to Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Volume II. Vacuum Filtration of
Septage. Final rept. Jan IB-Dec 79,
Lowell Univ., MA.
Charles R. On, and Burton A. Segall. Aug 80,159p
EPA-800/2-80-112
Grant EPA-R-805406
See also report dated Nov 79, PB80-143613.
The study examined the feasibility of using convention-
al vacuum filtration to dewater conditioned septage
sludge, alone and in combination with thickened waste
activated sludge. The septage was conditioned with
aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and sulfuric acid,
each used independently. Lab experiments were con-
ducted with a filter leaf apparatus that simulates a coil
spring vacuum filter. The capillary suction test, CST,
was used to estimate filterability. Field studies, utilizing
a full-scale vacuum filter and large quantities of sep-
tage, were conducted at the Medtield, Massachusetts
wastewater treatment plant The studies showed that
vacuum filtration of a combined mixture of the thick-
ened waste activated sludge and septage conditioned
with either alum, ferric chloride, or acid is feasible. Ex-
cellent cake yields and filtrate quality were obtained.
The cost of treating septage in the solids handling train
at Medfield was less than the cost of adding septage
to the liquid stream at the plant inlet.
Keywords: 'Sewage filtration, 'Sludge disposal,
•Vacuum filtration, ^Septic tanks. Dewatering, Feasi-
bility, Activated sludge process, Field tests, Cost anal-
ysis, Sewage treatment, Solid waste disposal,
Sewage sludge, 'Physical chemical treatment,
•Septic tank sludge.
PB81-143406 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Risk* of Human Exposure to Wastewater,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center. OH.
C. S. Clark, C. C. Linnemann, Jr., G. L. Van Meer, G. M.
Schiff, and P. S. Gartside. Jan 81,182p EPA-600/1 -
81-002
Grant EPA-R-803643
The primary objective of this research was to deter-
mine the hearth effects, if any, associated with occupa-
tional exposure to biological agents present in munici-
pal wastewater. An additional objective was to deter-
mine the sensitivity of the methodology for detecting
potential health impacts of other wastewater expo-
sures such as recreational contact with surface water
receiving wastewater effluents. The procedure was a
prospective seroepidemiologfc study applied to munic-
ipal wastewater workers and controls In three metro-
politan areas: Cincinnati, Chicago, and Memphis. A
total of over 500 volunteers participated in the study in-
cluding both subjects and controls. The protocol in-
volved: quarterly collection of blood, throat and rectal
swabs; yearly medical examinations; collection of ill-
ness Information; work observations; and environmen-
tal monitoring. Final specimens in all cities were col-
lected in the fall of 1978. The serological survey includ-
ed testing for antibodies to a large group of viruses and
bacteria and determination of immunoglobulin levels.
Work observations were used to evaluate the level of
the workers' contact with wastewater and, in conjunc-
tion with the biological air monitoring, to assess the
extent of contact with aerosols. The environmental
monitoring included viral and bacterial analyses of
wastewater and the use of six stage Andersen sam-
plers to determine respirable concentrations of bacte-
ria in the work area of the plant.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Industrial medicine, 'Bio-
logical agents, Humans, Exposure, Serology, Munici-
palities, Detection, Methodology, Cincinnati, Chicago,
Memphis, 'Health risks, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Occupational safety and health.
PB81-144073 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Montana, Water Year
1979. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Helena, MT. Water Resources Div.
Jul 80,857p USGS-WRD-HD-80-070, USGS-WRD-
MT-79-1
See also report dated Dec 79, PB80-160872. Prepared
in cooperation with the State of Montana.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for Mon-
tana consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This
report contains discharge records for 226 gaging sta-
tions; stage only records for 1 lake station; stage/con-
tents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 137
stations, 3 lakes, water levels for 23 observation wells.
Also Included are 172 crest-stage partial-record sta-
tions and 43 smaller reservoirs. Additional water data
were collected at various sites, not part of the system-
atic data collection programs, and are published as
miscellaneous measurements. These data represent
that part of the National Water Data System operated
by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State
and Federal agencies in Montana.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Mon-
tana, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, DischargefWater), Water levels.
PB81-1441S6 PC A06/MF A01
Four Corners Air Monitoring,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
M. J. Pearson, M. Pitchford, and R. N. Snelling. Nov 80,
105p EPA-600/4-80-053
This report presents data on mean seasonal total sus-
pended particulates (TSP), sulfates, nitrates and ele-
mental concentrations collected by a 28-station, high
volume sampler network operated over a 3-year priod
in the Four Corners area of Arizona, New Mexico. Utah
and Colorado. Estimates of data quality are made
based on results of an external quality assurance audit
program. TSP values generally range from 10 to 50 mi-
crograms per cubic meter and the sulfate/nitrate con-
centrations are generally less than 3 micrograms per
cubic meter. All the data collected in this program are
available in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Acrometric
Data) data system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Concentration(Composltion), Monitoring, Particles,
Graphs(Charts), Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado,
Quality assurance, 'Air quality data, Total suspended
particulates.
PB81-144362 PC A03/MF A01
Modification* of Models Predicting Trophic State
of Lakes: Adjustment of Modal* to Account for
HM Biological Manifestations of Nutrient*. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, L. R. Williams, and W. D.
Taylor. Jan 81,49p EPA-600/3-81-001
The strong relationship between total phosphorus and
phytoplankton biomass in lakes has been clearly con-
firmed. What is presently needed in order to predict
algal biomass for management decisions on individual
lakes is a quantitative understanding of the range In
biomass (as measured by chlorophyll a) per unit of
phosphorus which extends over order of magnitude.
Data collected from lakes were analyzed determining
the environmental factors affecting the response of
phytoplankton chlorophyll a to total phosphorus. It was
found that light attenuation from other than non-chlo-
rophyll a related interferences can dramatically affect
the quantity of phytoplankton biomass in many U.S.
lakes. It was found that many U.S. lakes would be clas-
sified lower (i.e., less eutrophic) if chlorophyll a was
used as the trophic classification criteria rather than
total phosphorus.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Chlorophylls,
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Phytoplankton, LJght(yisible ra-
diation), Ratios, Mathematical models, Classifications,
'Eutrophication, Trophic level.
PB81-144446 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Hot Acid Treatment for Municipal
Sludge Conditioning. Final rept.,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
Kenneth J. McNulty, Ann T. Malarkey, Robert L.
Goldsmith, and Henry A. Fremont. Aug 80, 1 78p EPA-
600/2-80-096
Contract EPA-68-03-2459
Prepared in cooperation with Champion International
Corp., Hamilton, OH.
Bench-scale tests were conducted to evaluate the
technical and economic feasibility of the hot acid proc-
ess for stabilization/conditioning of municipal sewage
sludge. This process involves acidification of the
sludge (pH 1.5-3) and heating to temperatures below
boiling (approximately equal to C). Test results indicate
that me process improves the dewaterability of the
sludge, destroys essentially all pathogens, and prefer-
entially solubilizes certain heavy metals relative to ni-
trogen and organics. The process demonstrated the
potential for good solubillzation and removal of toxic
heavy metals including cadmium, zinc, and nickel with
minimal solubilization of nitrogen. Thus the hot acid
process improves the desirability of sludge solids for
land application. A preliminary economic analysis of
the process indicates that it is quite cost-competitive
with alterntive stabilization/conditioning processes.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Sludge disposal, Dewater-
Ing, Cadmium, Zinc, Nickel, Economic analysis-
Metals, Substitutes, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Solubility, Design criteria, Copper, Molybdenum,
Sewage treatment, 'Sewage sludge, 'Heavy metals,
'Chemical treatment, Land disposal.
PB8M44453 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Preventing Haloform Formation In Drinking Water-
Final rept. May 77-Feb 79, . .
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology,
City.
Leland L. Harms, Robert W. Looyenga, and O. Thomas
Love, Jr. Aug 80, 104p EPA-600/2-80-091
Grant EPA-R-8051 49
The Huron, South Dakota, water distribution system
was monitored for trihalomethanes at several lo°»"
tlons. Deposits from within the distribution system
were evaluated as potential precursor material ana
were found to be precursors for the haloform reaction.
Field tests designed to determine the extent of t"™"°j
methane formation that occurs as a result of the pip* •
deposits were inconclusive. The deposits appear to W
a precursor source, but they do not substantially •"•!
the terminal trihalomethane concentration. Ammpnwrn
sulfate was used to convert to a combined chlorine re-
sidual In the distribution system. A significant droPjn
trihalomethane concentrations was obtained aionti
with maintenance of adequate disinfection. Pn"™J
disinfection was obtained by lime softening followM w
a free chlorine residual. Land used upstream from v"
raw water intake was evaluated for potential *™X
form formation. Peak concentrations occurred "»•
marshes, where cattle watered, and where the nve»
was stagnant. Nine raw water quality parameters wer"
monitored and correlated with THM formation, i JJ
best correlations were obtained with specific conau*"
ance and turbidity.
1004 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment. 'Halo-
gen organic compounds, Disinfection, Monitoring,
Samples, South Dakota, Chlorlnation, Chloroform,
Sites, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Water
quality data, *Huron(South Dakota), 'Water pollution
sampling.
PB81-144461 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Characteristics of Benthlc Algal Communities In
the Upper Great Lakes,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Dlv.
E. F. Stoermer, and Nelson A. Thomas. Jul 80, 81 p
EPA-600/3-80-073
Grant EPA-R-803037
The upper Great Lakes contain a diverse array of
benthic algal communities. Characteristic communities
occupy substrates from the supralittoral to depths in
excess of 30 m. Diatoms are the dominant taxonomic
group present in terms of numbers, and usually in
terms of biomass, except in eutrophic areas. Commu-
nities in areas receiving minimal direct anthropogenic
Impact are extremely diverse in terms of both species
richness and population evenness. The populations
which comprise these communities are generally re-
ported from extremely oligotrophic habitats. A signifi-
cant number of populations found in undisturbed habi-
»ts in the upper Great Lakes have not been previously
reported from North America. Benthic communities in
"Jpre eutrophic areas are characterized by a greater
abundance of eurytopic and widely distributed taxa.
Many of these species are familiar elements of the
noras of smaller, mesotrophic to eutrophic lakes. The
communities of directly impacted areas contain a more
"mited suite of very tolerant populations, usually occur-
ring in high abundance.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Lakes, 'Water quality, Upper
weat Lakes, Characteristics, Fresh water,
Plams(Botany), Lake Michigan, Lake Huron. Lake Su-
Perior, Ecosystems.
PB81-144479 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Dk
Phosphorus Removal In Lower Great Lakes Mu-
?! Pal Treatment Plants. Final rept. Jun 79-Apr 80,
PA H°n CM- ot Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
yivil and Environmental Engineering.
£22* V. DePinto, James K. Edzwald, Michael S.
, Thomas C. Young, and Edwin F. Barth.
£"9 80, 162p EPA-600/2-80-1 17
Contract EPA-R-80681 7
This
fnent
report discusses a survey of phosphorus treat-
ches and accomplishments for all lower
^7- -~r.es basin plants with flows greater than 1
'W; field operation monitoring studies to evaluate the
|™normance of four municipal treatment plants prac-
of «? Phosphorus removal, including a determination
anr! blo»allab«tty of the wastewater phosphours;
tnr.Lfn arlalysis of costs at each of four plants moni-
rnrw?' '"eluding incremental costs to achieve a 0.5
can* 8tandard- Of the 229 plants in this survey, 52 per-
c«n. ar,e achieving an effluent total phosphorus con-
ni"\ra«on of 1.0 mg/l, while only 8.3 percent (19
fonts) are meeting a 0.5 mg/l standard.
J: 'Phosphorus, 'Sewage treatment, 'Great
Basin, Surveys, Waste water, Sampling, Activat-
sludge process, Filtration, Chemical
e treatment), Performance evaluation,
. Standards, Operating costs, Regression
Chemical analysis, 'Sewage treatment
lanic loading.
Munt'i144487 PC A05/MF A01
0-'ncipa| Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
Run«MQuilHty *nd Biological Effects of Urban
B.."W on Coyote Creek. Phase I - Preliminary
Interim rept. Nov 77-May 79,
•Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
and Martin Bozeman. Aug 80,85p EPA-
UrbeJ?5limin»ry report describes the characteristics of
runoff n2? ""eoung Coyote Creek, sources of urban
ContrnC;"uta"ts. effects of urban runoff and potential
018 for urban runoff. Local urban runoff character-
ization information is summarized, and sources of
urban runoff pollutants are being Investigated and in-
clude sampling from source areaa such as street sur-
faces, parking lots, landscaped areas and rooftops.
Various biological sampling techniques were used to
evaluate the fish, benthlc macrolnvertebrates and at-
tached algae conditions In the creek, above and within
the urban area. Creek water and sediment samples
were also obtained and analyzed for a broad list of pa-
rameters. In most cases, very pronounced gradients of
these creek quality indicators were observed, with the
urbanized portion of the creek being significantly de-
graded. Current additional monitoring is being con-
ducted to identify the urban runoff control goals neces-
sary to improve creek quality to adequate levels.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Runoff, 'Coyote Creek,
Urban areas, Surface water runoff, Sources, Streets,
Sampling, Watersheds, Tissue extracts, Sediments,
"Water quality, Storm water runoff, Biological process-
PB8M44792 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Long Term Effects of the Barge FLORIDA OH Spill.
Final rept.,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
Howard L. Sanders, J. Frederick Grassle, George R.
Hampson, Linda S. Morse, and Susan Garner-Price.
Jan 81,225p EPA-600/2-81-012
Grant EPA-R-801001-02
The report describes the effects on the marine and es-
tuarine benthos of no. 2 fuel oil spilled by the barge
FLORIDA off West Falmouth, Massachusetts. Analy-
ses of hydrocarbons established that pollution was
greatest and most persistent in the intertidal and subti-
oal zones of Wild Harbor River, less severe in degree
and duration at stations farthest from shore. Plants,
crustaceans, fish, and birds suffered both high mortali-
ty immediately after the spill, and physiological and be-
havioral abnormalities directly related to high concen-
trations of the fuel oil.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Benthos, 'Oil pollution, 'Estu-
aries, Damage assessment, Sampling, Fuel oil, Degra-
dation, Hydrocarbons, Invertebrates, Sediments,
ConcentratlonfCompositlon), Mortality, Aquatic plants,
Marine fishes, Birds, Abundance, Animal behavior,
Coasts, Massachusetts, 'Oil spills, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB81-144800 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
tlculate Control Technology (2nd) Held at Denver,
Colorado on July 23-29,1970. Volume III. Partlcu-
late Control Devices. Rept. for Ju.. 79-Jun SO,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti. J. A. Armstrong, and Michael Durham.
Sep 80,549p EPA-600/0-80-039C,, IERL-RTP-1063
Grant EPA-R-805725
The proceedings document the approximately 120
presentations at the EPA/IERL-RTP-sponsored sym-
posium, attended by nearly 800 representatives of a
wide variety of companies (Including 17 utilities). The
keynote speech for the 4-day meeting was by EPA's
Rank Princiotta. The meeting included a plenary ses-
sion on enforcement. Attendees were polled to deter-
mine Interest areas: most (488) were interested In op-
eration and maintenance, but electrostatic preclplta-
tors (ESPs) and fabric filters were a close second (422
and 418, respectively). Partlculate scrubber Interest
appears to be waning (288). Major activities ot atten-
dees were: users, 158; manufacturers, 184; and R and
D, 182. Technical presentations drawing great Interest
were the application of ESPs and baghouses to power
plants and the development of novel ESPs. As impor-
tant alternatives to ESPs, baghouses were shown to
have had general success In controlling coat-fired
power plant emissions. When operating properly,
baghouses can limit emissions to less than 5 mg/cu
nm at pressure drops of less than 2 kPa. Not all bagh-
ouse Installations have been completely successful.
Both high pressure drop and bag loss have occurred
(at Harrington Station), but these problems appear to
be solved.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Meetings,
Technology, Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters,
Scrubbers, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Substitutes, Performance eval-
uation, Design criteria, Coal fired power plants, Fabric
filters, Baghouses, Granular bed filters.
PB81-14481B PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year
1979. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK. Water Resources
Dlv.
Nov 80.375p USGS/WRD/HD-80/002, USGS-WDR-
AK-79-1
See also report dated Nov 79, PB80-143910. Prepared
in cooperation with the State of Alaska.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for
Alaska consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and water quality of
lakes; and water levels and water quality in wells and
springs. This report contains discharge records for 111
gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging sta-
tions; water quality for 56 stations; and water levels for
30 observation wells. Also included are 62 low-flow, 69
crest-stage, and 24 water-quality partial-record sta-
tions.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Alaska,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate.
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water table,
Temperature, 'water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-144875 PC A14/MF A01
California Univ., Davis.
Long-Term Effects of Air Pollutants: In Canine
Species. Series no. 8,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
J. F. Stara, D. L. Dungworth, J. G. Orthoefer, and W. S.
Tyler. Jul 80,306p EPA-600/8-80-014
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Davis.
School of Veterinary Medicine.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 as amended in 1977 re-
quires that a comprehensive data base be established
to assess human health effects caused by air pollution
from mobile sources. The spectrum of potential toxic
effects can be viewed from two perspectives: The first
is the identification of toxic effects from combined low-
level effects of the individual major ambient air pollut-
ants, which are combustion by-products of automotive
exhaust. Ideally, the major components of a data base
used to develop health risk assessments are well-de-
signed epidemlological studies and long-term, low-
level animal studies. The 9-year study presented in this
monograph reviews the effects following exposure of
dogs for 68 months to automotive exhaust, simulated
smog, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, and their
combinations. Studies using canine species over ex-
tended periods of time have proven useful in the eval-
uation of risk to humans, especially when combined
with epidemlological studies and human clinical inves-
tigations. All of the data were reviewed at a conference
held at Asilomr, California by invited expert scientists.
Their evaluations and Judgments form a significant
segment of this monograph.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Cardiovascular system, Res-
piratory system, Dogs(Mammals), Exposure, Humans,
Air pollution, Physiological effects, Radiology, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Health
risks.
PB81-145187 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Combustion Systems: Volume IV. Commer-
cial/Institutional Combustion Sources. Final rept.
Sep 76-Dec 80,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
N. F. Surprenant, P. Hung, R. Li, K. T. McGregor, and
W. Piispanen. Jan 81,207p EPA-600/7-81-003B,,
IERL-RTP-1122
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also Volume 3, PB81-145195 and Volume 1 dated
May 79, PB-298 494. Also pub. as GCA Corp., Bed-
ford, MA. GCA Technology Div. rept. no. GCA-TR-79-
62-G.
The report characterizes air emissions from commer-
cial/institutional external combustion sources and re-
ciprocating engines and is the fourth of a series of five
December 1983 1005
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
project reports characterizing emissions from conven-
tional combustion sources. This characterization was
based on a critical examination of existing data, fol-
lowed by a modified Level 1 sampling and analysis ap-
proach to resolve data gaps. The major deviation from
Level 1 procedures was the additional of GC/MS anal-
ysis for polycycllc organic matter (POM). Tests were
conducted at 22 external and six internal combustion
sites. Results of the environmental assessment indi-
cate that air emissions from these sources represent a
potential environmental hazard. Emissions of criteria
pollutants, except for CO, from most of the source cat-
egories tested are environmentally significant. Particu-
late, 804, and SOS emissions from the coal- and
wood-fired sources are also significant. In addition,
emissions of several trace elements are of concern:
Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, K, Li, Na, Ni, P, Pb,
Si, and V from coal-fired external combustion sources;
Ni from distillate oil sources; and Ni, Cl, Cr, and V from
residual oil sources. Several potentially hazardous
POM compounds were tentatively identified in the
emissions from solid-fuel-fired sources, particularly
from one wood-fired stoker tested.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Commerical buildings, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Polycyclic compounds, Assess-
ments, Trace elements, Sources, Furnaces, Boilers,
Particles, Trace elements, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Water pollution, Combustion products, Sam-
pling, Field tests, 'Stationary sources, Solid wastes.
PB81-145195 PCA21/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Systems: Volume III. External Combustion
Sources for Electricity Generation. Final rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Oiv., Redondo
Beach, CA.
C. C. Shih, R. A. Orsini, D. G. Ackerman, R. Moreno,
and E. L. Moon. Jan 81,477p EPA-600/7-81-003A,,
IERL-RTP-1125
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
The report characterizes multimedia emissions from
external combustion sources for electricity generation.
Study results indicate that external combustion
sources for electricity generation contribute signifi-
cantly to the nationwide emissions burden. Flue gas
emissions of NOx, SO2, and paniculate matter from
these sources account for approximately 50, 57, and
25%, respectively, of these pollutant emissions from
all stationary sources. Additionally, flue gas emissions
of sulfates and several trace elements from coal- and
oil-fired utility boilers also require further attention.
POM compounds in flue gas emissions are mostly
naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. However,
dobenz(a,h)anthracene and possibly benzo(a)pyrene,
both active carcinogens, were detected at a limited
number of coal-fired sites. A second major source of
air emissions is vapors and drifts from cooling towers.
Air emmissions of Cl, Mg, P, and sulfates from me-
chanical draft cooling towers were found to be compa-
rable to flue gas emissions of these pollutants from oil-
fired utility boilers. The multiple use of water in steam-
electric plants results in wastewater streams from sev-
eral operations. Overall, concentrations of Fe, Mg, Mn,
Ni, and P are at levels that may be harmful. Average
organic levels ranged from 0.01 mg/l for ash pound ef-
fluents to 6.0 mg/ffor boiler blowdown. No ROMs were
detected.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, * Air pollution, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Assessments, Industrial wastes,
Combustin products, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Flue gases, Boilers, Polycyclic compounds,
Water pollution, Leakage, Sources, Trace elements,
'Stationary sources, Fugitive emissions, Solid wastes.
PB81-14S260 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Potential Health Effect* from Viable EmlMlon*
and Toxins Associated with Wastewater Treat-
ment Plants and Land Application Sites. Final rept.
Feb78-MaySO.
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
Vimala A. Maietl, and C. Scott Oak. Jan 81,84p' EPA-
600/1-81-006
Grant EPA-R-805445
This report summarizes the potential health effects
from viable emissions and toxins associated with
wastewater treatment plants and land application fa-
cilities to the workers and nearby populations. The dif-
ferent types of microorganisms present In wastewater
and sludge and the effectiveness of the various treat-
ment processes In their removal or inactivatlon Is dis-
cussed briefly. The monitoring of microorganisms and
toxins In aerosols generated at wastewater treatment
plants and land application sites, the disadvantages In
using coliform organisms as Indicators to represent the
actual levels of pathogenic microorganisms In aero-
sols, and the various mathematical models that are
used to predict the microorganism levels in aerosols
are also reviewed. The levels of microorganisms de-
tected in aerosols at wastewater treatment plants and
land application facilities from some of the recent stud-
ies are presented.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Toxins, Public health, Aero-
sols, Microorganisms, Mathematical models, Waste
treatment, Water pollution, Irrigation, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health.
PB81-145617 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.,Cincinnati,
OH.
Treated Water Demand and the Economics of Re-
glonallzatlon. Volume 1. The Residential Demand
for Treated Water. Final rept. Apr 78-Dac 79,
Alabama Univ., University.
Billy P. Helms, and J. F. Vallery. Aug 80,93p EPA-600/
2-80-162
GrantEPA-R-805617
See also Volume 2, PB81 -117939.
The two-volume report examines the present and
future demands and costs for residential water in view
of the new requirements for water quality standards
under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (PL92-523).
Volume I investigates the determinants of residential
water demand (including water price, family income,
and appliance ownership) and develops a methodolo-
gy by which utilities can determine future customer
demand. A data base has been developed, and results
of the analysis are given. These data can be used to
test many hypotheses other than those examined in
this study, and then could be a valuable tool for further
research into the household demand for water. One of
the most significant products of this research is the de-
velopment of a information collection format that can
be used by a water utility to collect data on household
water use.
Keywords: 'Water supply, Water consumption, Prices,
Costs, Regional planning, 'Domestic water, 'Water
demand.
PB81-145682 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Pennsylvania, Water
Year 1979. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin. Water-
data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
Sep 80,297p USGS/WDR/HD-80/071, USGS-WDR-
PA-79-1
See also Volume 2 for 1979, PB80-198864. Prepared
In cooperation with Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmen-
tal Resources, Harrisburg.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reser-
voirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This
volume contains records for water discharge at 73
gaging stations; contents at 11 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality at 38 gaging stations; and water levels at
16 observation wells. Also Included are data for 43
crest-stage, 28 low-flow, and 43 water-quality partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Pennsyl-
vania, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, Delaware River Basin, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologlc data, Discharge(Water),
Water levels.
PB81-146708 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Lawrence Avenue Underflow Sewer System. In-
terim Report Planning and Construction. Rept. for
1966-78,
Chicago Dept. of Public Works, IL. Bureau of Engineer-
ing.
Louis Koncza, Donald H. Churchill, and G. L. Miller.
Mar 80, 88p EPA-600/2-80-014
See also report dated Nov 70, PB-210 854.
A new and bold concept in design of urban drainage
systems was developed as a step forward in the solu-
tion of combined sewer overflow problems. A deep
tunnel In bed rock about 200 to 250 feet (61 to 76 m)
below the surface was designed and constructed for
the Lawrence Avenue drainage basin In Chicago. Utili-
zation of modern tunnel boring machines made the
project economically competitive with conventional
sewers while reaping additional benefits of ease In
construction, no disturbance to traffic and least Incon-
venience to public. In addition, the tunnel sewer will
serve as a reservoir totally capturing smaller storms,
and trapping a significant portion ofthe first flush of
pollutants from larger storms. The entrapped pollu-
tional load will be pumped to a treatment plant through
a pumping station to be operated only at the end of the
storm, for dewatering the tunnel. The project is expect-
ed to reduce, to a large extent, the combined sewer
overflows to the waterways.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers,
'Tunneling(Excavation), Tunneling machines, Mining
equipment, Photographs, Contracts, Urban hydrology,
Storm water runoff, Chicago(lllinois).
PB81-145732 PC A07/MF A01
Chemical Screening: Initial Evaluations of Sub-
stantial Risk Notices, Section 8(e) July 1, 1979 to
January 31,1980. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul 80,134p EPA-560/11-80-020
This collection of Status Reports (initial evaluations)
was prepared by scientists in the EPA Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances (OPTS) on submissions
received between July 1, 1979 and January 31, 1980
from chemical manufacturers, processors, and distrib-
utors under Section 8(e) of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA). The volume is being published for two
reasons. First, the collection of status reports in a
single volume will make that information more accessi-
ble to the public. Second, the volume may, by provid-
ing specific examples of submitted information and
EPA's evaluation of It, help anyone subject to Section
8(e) to understand better the types of information that
should be submitted to the Agency. To date, no infor-
mation submitted under Section 8(e) has resulted in
Immediate regulatory action under TSCA or any other
act, although some submitted information has trig-
gered further data gathering and evaluation that may
lead to proposal of regulations in the future.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Risk, Public health, Environ-
mental surveys, Manufacturing, Law enforcement,
* Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB81-145765 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Research Outlook 1980,
Delamer, Inc., Cupertino, CA.
Elaine Fitzbach. Feb 80,225p EPA-600/9-80-006
This report is submitted to Congress annually j°
The report focuses on such areas as Toxic Sub-
stances, Air, Water Quality, Wastewaters and Splll>>
Drinking Water, Solid and Hazardous Wastes, Pe*«'
cldes, Non-ionizing, Radiation, Noise, and Energy.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Environmental surveys, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Potable water, Pesticides,
Radioactive contaminants, Noise pollution, Hazardous
materials, Management planning, Water quality, Toxic
substances, Solid wastes.
PB81-145773
PC A04/MF A01
Status of the Community Health and Environmen-
tal Surveillance System (CHESS), ...
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Office of Research and Development.
Roberta Cahill. Nov 80, 52p EPA-600/1 -80-033
Thts report has been prepared in response to a re-
quest by the U.S. House of Representatives' Commit-
tee on Science and Technology. The Committee f*"
quested that the Administrator of EPA: '...immediately
1006 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(within 90 days) prepare and submit to the Committee
a comprehensive and substantial report on the status
of the analysis of CHESS data and on any results ob-
tained with particular emphasis on methods used to
assure the soundness of any results. The report
should also describe any pressure the Agency has re-
ceived to force them to publish or not publish any
CHESS results.' From 1969 to 1975 EPA conducted a
series of epidemlologlc studies on the health effects of
air pollution. These studies, together known as the
Community Health and Environmental Surveillance
System (CHESS) studies, were performed In several
cities across the United States.
Keywords: Data processing. Epidemiology, Air pollu-
tion, Urban areas, United States, Community health
services, "Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Community
Health and Environmental Surveillance System.
PB81-145880 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
Procurement and Emissions Testing of 1969 and
1972/73 Model Year Gasoline Powered Light Duty
Trucks, (8001-8500 Ibs. QVWR). Final rept. 26 Jul
78-26 May 80,
EG and Q Automotive Research, Inc., San Antonio,
L. Kevin Kott, Albert Naegelln, and Jerry Wallingford.
Jun 80,128p EPA-460/3-80-011
Contract EPA-68-03-2683
Twenty-three 1969 and twenty-five 1972/73 in-use
light duty trucks were obtained from the public, 'tuned-
up' according to manufacturer's specifications and
tested for exhaust emissions utilizing the Federal Test
Procedure. Triplicate FTP test data are presented
along with duplicate Tests of idle emissions lor each
vehicle. Eighteen engines were removed from pro-
cured vehicles and shipped to EPA for engine dyna-
mometer testing.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, Inspection,
Maintenance, Carburetors, Exhaust gases, Air pollu-
*». 'Light duty trucks, Motor vehicles(1972 models),
Motor vehicles(1973 models), Motor vehicles(1969
models).
£881-146898 PC A08/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
twice of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Section 6
Jjotlce Requirements. Appendix: volume I. Support
document?
£F Inc., Washington, DC.
"Obert Dresser, James Edwards, Joseph Kirk, and
Stuart Fribush. Sep 80,169p* EPA-560/12-80-005A
Contract EPA-68-01 -5878
see also Volume 2, PB81 -145906.
This report presents the analysis of the economic
impact of TSCA section 5 rules on the chemical indus-
*¥• The Industry will be Impacted when It introduces
"** chemicals. Of the six distinguishable consequenc-
°* for the chemical industry, the most important are
?)e nonquantifiable uncertainty consequences. The
unclear EPA's rationale in making section 5
decision, the greater are the uncertainties.
will likely be a short-run drop in the number of
2J* chemicals Introduced Into commerce as chemical
companies shift their innovation activities into 'safe'
jnemlcais. Current data do not allow a quantitative es-
jmate to be made of the rate of chemical introduc-
jj|n*. or the extent of the reduction caused by the sec-
-°n 6 notice requirements; and, even if the data were
Stable, It is doubtful that accurate quantitative pre-
("cUons could be made. Smaller companies will face
wpftter uncertainties and the direct costs will more
2;|*n be a factor in company decisions. In the long run,
"™ regulation may cause the chemical industry to be
Composed of a fewer number of larger competitors
°fjter able to absorb the direct costs and regulatory
uncertainty associated with the requirements.
Bywords: 'Economic Impact, 'Chemical industry,
Regulations, 'Environmental surveys, Cost esti-
HJ'W, Assessments, Feasibility, Economic analysis,
recounted cash flow, Return on investment, Exports,
2y°rt«, 'Toxic Substances Control Act, Industrial
iructure.
PB81-145906 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Section 5
Notice Requirements. Appendix: Volume II. Sup-
port document,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Robert Dresser, James Edwards, Joseph Kirk, and
Stuart Fribush. Sep 80,330p* EPA-560/12-80-005B
Contract EPA-68-01 -5878
See also Volume 1, PB81-145898.
This report presents the analysis of the economic
Impact of TSCA section 5 rules on the chemical indus-
try. The Industry will be impacted when it introduces
new chemicals. Of the six distinguishable consequenc-
es for the chemical industry, the most important are
the monquantifiable uncetainty consequences. The
most unclear EPA's rationale in making section 5
notice decisions, the greater are the uncertainties.
There will likely be a short-run drop in the number of
new chemical introduced into commerce as chemical
companies shift their Innovation activities into 'safe'
chemicals. Current data do not allow a quantitative es-
timate to be made of the rate of chemical introduc-
tions, or the extent of the reduction caused by the sec-
tion 5 notice requirements; and, even if the data were
available, it is doubtful that accurate quantitative pre-
dictions could be made. Smaller companies will face
greater uncertainties and the direct costs will more
often be a factor in company decisions. In the long run,
this regulation may cause the chemical industry to be
composed of a fewer number of larger competitors
better able to absorb the direct costs and requlatory
uncertainty associated with the requirements.
Keywords: 'Economic Impact, 'Chemical industry,
•Regulations, 'Environmental surveys, Assesss-
ments, Feasibility, Economic analysis, Production,
Commerce, Sales, International trade, Economic fac-
tors, Manufacturers, 'Toxic Sustances Control Act, In-
dustrial structure.
PB81-145914 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Paniculate Emission Factors Applicable to the
Iron and Steel Industry. Final rept,
Midwest Research lost., Kansas City, MO.
Thomas A. Cusclno, Jr. Sep 79,155p EPA-450/4-79-
028
Contract EPA-68-02-2814
An intensified effort has occurred In the last 3 years to
update the Iron and steel industry participate emission
factors presented in AP-42 and to add, for the first
time, fugitive source emission factors. It is the objec-
tive of this report to present the results of this data
gathering and analysis effort. The report Is divided Into
three major areas. First, backgrou. J information will
be presented related to the processes In the Iron and
steel Industry along with a process flow chart. Second,
all of the particulate source test data will be presented
and summarized In chart form. Third, the methodology
for selecting single source specific emission factors
and the resulting particulate emission factors will be
presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iron and steel Industry,
'Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Furnaces, Sources, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Tables(Data), 'Emission factors, 'Fugitive
emissions.
PB81-146698 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Implications of Regulating Nonaerosol
Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions: An Executive
Briefing. Final rept,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Adele Palmer, William E. Mooz, Timothy H. Qulnn, and
Kathleen A. Wolf. Jul 80,35p R-2575-EPA, EPA-560/
12-80-001A
Contracts EPA-68-01-3882, EPA-68-01 -6111
See also PB81-146706.
This report documents a briefing presented to the En-
vironmental Protection Agency on November 29-30,
1970. It summarizes the results of a three year Rand
study of the economic implications of alternative policy
approaches for controlling emissions of chtorofluoro-
carbons (CFCs) In the United States.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Economic impact,
'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Fluorine organic com-
pounds, Incentives, Demand(Economlcs), Substitutes,
Sources, Foam, Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Clean-
Ing agents, Sterilization, Electronic devices, Regula-
tions, Cost analysis.
PB81-146706 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Flexible Urethane Foams and Chlorofluorocarbon
Emissions. A Support Document for Economic Im-
plications of Regulating Chlorofluorocarbon
Emissions from Nonasrosol Applications. Final
rept.,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
William E. Mooz, and Timothy Quinn. Jun 80,74p N-
1472-EPA, EPA-560/12-80-001C
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3882, EPA-68-01 -6111
See also PB81 -146698.
This report records the research in the single product
area of flexible urethane foams. It is used to support
the Rand Corporation's original report: PB81-146698,
Adele R. Palmer, et al., Economic Implications of Reg-
ulating Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions from Nonaero-
sol Applications. It serves as a detailed exposition of
the data and of the methods used to proceed from the
historical data to the analysis of policies that might
reduce CFC emissions. Flexible urethane foam plants
are a significant source of CFC emissions. Each plant
represents an extremely large point source of emis-
sions, with hundreds of thousands of pounds of CFC-
11 used and emitted annually per facility. Either CFC
recovery or methylene chloride conversion could sub-
stantially reduce CFC releases to the atmosphere. The
use of CFC in foam products is very sensitive to the
price of CFC-11. The analysis suggests that substan-
tial reductions in use can be induced by moderate
price increases.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Urethanes,
'Air pollution control, Fluorine organic compounds,
'Economic impact, Foam, Demand(Economics), Utili-
zation, Substitutes, Chloromethanes, Manufacturing,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Return on In-
vestment, Cost analysis, Point sources.
PB81-146714 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Supporting Innovation: A Policy Study. Final rept,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Center for
Policy Alternatives.
Christopher T. Hill, and Richard A. Andrews. Sep 80,
226p EPA-560/12-80-002
Contract EPA-68-01 -5878
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
After several years of debate the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) was enacted into law in 1978. The
purpose of the present project is to design, analyze,
and assess alternative policies that might be used to
address the problems TSCA might create for Innova-
tion, while maintaining the dominant thrust of TSCA to
protect health and the environment from unreasonable
risk of injury and disease. The ongoing policy discus-
sions and the literature on technological innovation
yield many suggestions of such policy options, and a
major concern of this research has been to assess and
analyze the potential of those options to contribute to
the solution of the problem at hand In a cost-effective
and responsible manner.
Keywords: 'Technology innovation, 'Regulations,
•Chemical industry, Environmental impacts, Product
development, Chemical compounds, Economic
impact, Government policies, Financing, Public health,
•Toxic Substances Control Act, ^Environmental
health, Industrial structure.
PB81-146722 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos Analytical Programs Bulk Sample Analy-
sis: New York City and Maryland,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. V. Rao, Corette Parker, Deborah Whttehurst, Don
Lentzen, and Ty Hartwell. Sep 80,41 p EPA-560/13-
80-21
Contract EPA-6B-01 -5848
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
December 1983 1007
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This document describes the statistical analyses of
bulk sample data taken from school buildings in two lo-
cations: New York City and Maryland. The bulk sam-
ples were analyzed for asbestos by various laborato-
ries and the results given to the Research Triangle In-
stitute for analysis. In particular, Section I of this report
describes the analysis of the New York City data which
reported the presence or absence of asbestos (Amo-
site or Chrysotile) in 474 bulk samples taken from vari-
ous types of building material in New York City
schools. Section II describes the analysis of the Mary-
land data which contains analysis of 37 split-asbestos
bulk samples taken from Maryland public schools. The
split-samples in Maryland were sent to two or more
laboratories which determined presence or absence of
asbestos (Amphibole and Chrysotile) as well as actual
levels of asbestos found.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Schools, 'Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Maryland, New York, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), New York City(New
York).
PB81-146987 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Review of NOx Emission Factors for Stationary
Fossil Fuel Combustion Sources. Final rept.,
AcurexCorp., Mountain View, CA.
R. J. Milligan, W. C. Sailor, J. Wasilewski, and W. C.
Kuby. Sep 79,71 p EPA-450/4-79-021
Contracts EPA-68-02-2611, EPA-68-01 -4142
A review of recent NOx test data was performed, and
summaries of emission factors presented for various
types of stationary source combustion and for various
fossil fuels. The effects of combustion modifications
on NOx emissions are quantified. Background data are
given to help the user determine the reliability of each
factor in particular applications.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sources, Reviews,
Fossil fuels, Revisions, Boilers, Electric power plants,
Commercial building, Reciprocating engines, 'Emis-
sion factors, 'Stationary sources.
PB81-146995 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
Assessing the Representativeness of Ozone Mon-
itoring Data. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
F. L. Ludwig, and E. Shelar. Jan 80,75p EPA-450/4-
80-001
Contract EPA-68-02-2548
Areas within which the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is likely to have been ex-
ceeded are shown to be related to the observed
annual second-maximum ozone concentrations. AH
sets of SAROAD stations separated by 500 km or less
that had nearly complete annual data sets were con-
sidered for the years 1974 to 1977 to determine the
probability that the NAAQS would be exceeded at one
station of the pair, given the observed second-maxi-
mum ozone concentration at the other and their sepa-
ration. Circles were drawn around each SAROAD
monitoring site to show the area within which it is 95 %
probable that the 120 ppb NAAQS has been exceeded
for two or more hours during one or more years. The
report describes meteorological situations and sea-
sons during which high ozone concentrations are most
likely in various parts of the country, so that special
monitoring studies can be designed to supplement ex-
isting data. An aircraft monitoring protocol is given that
will provide observations that are representative of
ground-level conditions. Conditions that cause ozone
data to be unrepresentative are described as are un-
certainties associated with instrumental and calibra-
tion factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Assess-
ments, Sites, Tables(Data), 'Air quality data, 'Air pol-
lution sampling, National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
PB81-147001 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Measurement of Asbestos Air Pollution Inside
Buildings Sprayed with Asbestos,
Midwest Research lost., Kansas City, MO.
P. Sebastien, M. A. Billlon-Galland, G. Dufour, and J.
Bignon. Aug 80, 75p EPA-560-13-80-026
Contract EPA-68-01 -5915
Trans, of document prepared for the French Ministry of
Health and the French Ministry for the Quality of Life-
Environment, 1977.
This report is a translation of a document prepared in
1977 for the French Ministry of Health and the French
Ministry for the Quality of Life-Environment on the
measurement and assessment of airborne asbestos
levels in buildings throughout Paris. The methods of air
sampling and transmission electron microscopic anal-
ysis, as well as a discussion of the results, are present-
ed. Also included are extensive tables and figures
summarizing the data collected. The study was com-
pleted in 1977, by the Laboratoire d'Etude des Parti-
cules Inhalees (Prefecture de Paris) and the Institut de
Recherches Universitaires Sur I'Environment (Univer-
site' Paris-Val de Marne). Mr. Patrick Sebestien (Pre-
fecture de Paris) provided this revised update of the
study in July 1980.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution, Sampling, Build-
ings, Concentration(Composition), Translations, 'For-
eign technology, 'Indoor air pollution, Paris(France).
PB81-147027 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Residential and Commercial Area Source Emis-
sion Inventory Methodology for the Regional Air
Pollution Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
R. E. Holden, and W. E. Zegel. Sep 75,63p EPA-450/
3-75-078
Contract EPA-68-02-1003
One of the major objectives of the Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study (RAPS) is to provide data on the emissions
of air pollutants, meteorological conditions and ambi-
ent air quality with unprecedented density and resolu-
tion as to allow the testing and development of spec-
trum of mathematical models to simulate relationships
between emissions of pollutants and air quality. As
iutant emissions from stationary residential and com-
mercial-institutional area sources on an hour-by-hour
basis and apportioning them to the RAPS grid system
is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Com-
mercial buildings, Residential buildings, Inventories,
Hydrocarbons, Evaporation, Solid waste disposal, Fuel
consumption, 'Regional air pollution study, 'Air qual-
ity.
PB81-147035 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Dietary Consumption Distributions of Selected
Food Groups for the U.S. Population. Final rept.,
Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, IN. Div. of
Sponsored Programs.
K. J. Yost, and L. J. Miles. 20 Feb 80,74p EPA-560/
11-80-012
Contract EPA-68-01-4709
Food consumption habits of U.S. population are ana-
lyzed and a determination is made of the extent to
which fruits and vegetables are homegrown versus
commercially produced. Population distributions are
given for the consumption of six food groups by both
persons who consume meat and do not consume
meat. The six food groups are grains and cereals, po-
tatoes, leafy vegetables, legume vegetables, root
vegetables, and garden fruits. Both entire U.S. popula-
tion and 15 to 20-year-old male subpopulation are
studied. The six food groups comprise 441 g/peroon/
day of the average U.S. diet, and 564 g/person/day for
the 15-20 year old male. Dietary consumption data are
reported for percentage of households having home
gardens and for consumption which is home-grown.
Data are reported for urban, rural nonfarm, rural farm,
and all households. Roughly 44 percent of U.S. house-
holds have gardens; 50 percent of these have garden
areas greater than 750 square feet. Home gardens
constitute approximately 6 million acres, approximate-
ly equivalent to the acreage used for commercial fruit
and vegetable production. Annual value of home-
grown produce is estimated at $14 billion.
Keywords: 'Food consumption, Diets, Human nutri-
tion, Males, Surveys, United States, Fruits, Vegeta-
bles.
PB81-147043 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Study of the Nature of Ozone, Oxides of Nitrogen,
and Nonmethane Hydrocarbons In Tulsa, Oklaho-
ma. Volume III. Data Analysis and Interpretation,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, M.I. Saeger, W. D. Bach, J. E. Sickles, II,
and C. E. Decker. Sep 79,296p EPA-450/4-79-008C
Contract EPA-68-02-2808
See also Volume 1, dated Apr 79, PB-300 481.
The 1977 Tulsa study was conducted to provide the
EPA with a high quality data base for use in testing var-
ious photochemical simulation models. The monitoring
program was designed to facilitate the observation of
incoming pollutant transport and the formation of
ozone downwind. Pollutant and meteorological meas-
urements were made from ground level monitoring
sites and aboard an instrumented aircraft. This volume
reports on the analysis and interpretation of measured
parameters. Included are analyses of (1) the meteoro-
logical representativeness of the study area, (2) the
statistical relationship of ozone to other parameters,
(3) the hydrocarbon and aircraft ozone measurements,
and (4) case studies of periods of high ozone concen-
trations.
Keywords: Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Monitoring,
Meteorological data, Diurnal variations, Aerial surveys.
'Air pollution sampling, 'Tulsa(Oklahoma).
PB81-147092 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Spearflsh Sewerage Needs, Lawrence County
near Spearflsh, South Dakota. Draft Environmen-
tal Impact Statement. Draft rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
Weston W. Wilson, and Paul Seeley. 10 Oct 80,131P
EPA-908/5-80-002A
This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) evaluates
the environmental consequences of alternative meth-
ods of wastewater disposal in the outlying areas of
Spearfish, South Dakota. This EIS is prepared in re-
sponse to documented groundwater and surface water
pollution problems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Sewage disposal, 'Water pollution, Ground water,
Surface waters, Environmental impacts,
*Spearfish(South Dakota), Lawrence CountyfSouth
Dakota), Interceptor sewers, Spearfish Valley sanita-
tion district, Higgins GulchlSouth Dakota), Mountain
Plains(South Dakota), Christensen Drive(South
Dakota), Belle Fourche(South Dakota).
PB81-147340 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Transport and Transformation of Sulfur Oxides
through the Tennessee Valley Region,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
Timothy L. Crawford, and Lawrence M. Relsinger. Jun
80,152p EPA-600/7-80-126
This report is directed to scientists interested In the
long-range atmospheric transport and transformation
of sulfur compounds. Statistical and climatological
analyses of historical data and the results of two long-
range transport studies are presented. The two long-
range atmospheric transport field studies were con-
ducted over a 300-sq km area of the southern United
States centered on the Tennessee Valley region. The
first study was conducted during the spring of 1976,
and the second was conducted during the summer of
1977. The field study region contains seven large coal-
fired power plants and one large city. Results indicate
that the predominant flow and mass transport direction
Is from the southwest to the northeast. Also, aerome-
tric measurements obtained by aircraft and ground
sampling compared favorably with results obtained
with an analytical transport-transformation model de-
veloped for this study. Results indicate that, during
prevailing southwesterly airflow, large sulfur Influxes
are present. These influxes, which are at the same
1008 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
order pf magnitude as the Tennessee Valley regional
emission fluxes, can only partly be explained by
upwind anthropogenic sources. Natural source emis-
sions are hypothesized to account for about half of this
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, "Transport properties, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, Tennessee valley,
Reid tests, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sampling, Mathematical
"lodels, Concentration(Composition), Coal fired power
Plants, Numerical solution.
PB81-147373 PC A03/MF A01
State Administrative Models for Toxic Substances
Management. Toxics Integration Policy Series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Barbara Faust, and Murray Newton. Jul 80,29p EPA-
560/13-80-018
This paper describes examples of State administrative
responses to toxic substances problems. It is an initial
effort in a continuing exploration of Federal-State co-
operation for toxic substances control. The authors
nope the products of this new focus will provide useful
information to States about State problems and pro-
prams. Through continued information exchange and
legislative policy analysis, the Program Integration Di-
vision (PID) plans to assist States to develop their own
toxic substances strategies. These strategies when
implemented in cooperation with EPA's Regional Of-
nces enhance the probability of successful, nationwide
toxic substances management.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Programs, Models, Manage-
ment, State government, Responses, National govern-
ment, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-148346 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Field study of Nutrient Control In a Multlcell
JJJOoon. Final rept. Jul 75-Feb 80,
"-paries County Community Coll., La Plata, MD.
William T. Engel, and Thomas T. Schwing. Aug 80,84p
EPA-600/2-80-155
Grant EPA-R-803637
This report covers nutrient control in a serially ar-
ranged, multicell aerated lagoon system over a three
year period. The objective was to develop reliable
technology for reducing phosphorus and for convert-
ng ammonia-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen. A six-cell
'agoon was modified into two independent three-cell
systems. One system was maintained as a control and
•» other was the test system used for nutrient control.
Alum was added to the third cell of the test system. An-
other test was conducted with alum being fed to the
"ret cell. The alum addition in the third cell was more
enective in reducing phosphorus. A plastic media
rower was added after the third cell in the test system
jor nitrification of ammonia-nitrogen. Consistent nitrifi-
cation was achieved during the warmer months and re-
duced efficiencies were obtained during the cold
*eather months.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Nutrients, "Sewage
Jfeatment, Field tests, Nitrification, Technology, Sam-
P'ing, Phosphorus, Alums, Aeration, Methodology.
5881-148454 PC A02/MF A01
Arterial Blood Oases, Pulmonary Function and Pa-
JPology in Rats Exposed to Q.7S or 1.0 ppm
|*one. Journal article,
{"With Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
"Illiam E. Pepelko, Joan K. Mattox, and You Yen
Jang. 1980.14p EPA-600/J-80-179
£UD. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
°9y3,p247-2591980.
Arterial blood gases, residual lung volume (RV), defla-
•pn pressure volume (PV) curves, pulmonary patholo-
9V and body weight changes were studied in rats ex-
gosed up to 14 days to either 0.75 or 1.0 ppm ozone.
Arterial PO2 and body weights decreased progressive-
1 with length of exposure while PaCOZ and RV in-
creased. The slope of the PV curve decreased in all
groups exposed to oione. Pathological changes in the
UIH) increased in severity with concentration and
Hth of exposure. The present findings have shown
t arterial blood gas measurements represent a sen-
sitive index of altered lung function in rats, a species
very sensitive to ozone exposure.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Pathology, Exposure, Body weight, Blood gas
analysis, Respiratory system, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-148587 PC A02/MF A01
Analytical Methodology for the Determination of
Chlorophenols In Human and Environmental Sam-
ples.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Aug 80,11p EPA-600/2-80-181
Methodology is presented for the determination of
Chlorophenols in human and environmental media.
The methodology for air samples is a modification of
the analysis of Chlorophenols in blood and has not
been fully investigated as to quantitative reliability.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Humans, 'Phen-
ols, 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Samples, Blood analysis, Urine, Gas analysis, Air
pollution, Pesticides, Methodology, Reprints.
PB81-148702 PC A02/MF A01
Pressure Transducer for Remote Data Acquisi-
tion. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Carl G. Enfield, and Curtis V. Gillaspy. C1980,5p EPA-
600/J-80-208
Pub. in Transactions of the American Society of Agri-
cultural Engineers, v23 n5 p1195-11961980.
An inexpensive transducer which gives a frequency
output as a function of pressure input has been devel-
oped and tested under field conditions. The linearity of
20.000-80,000 Pa (0.2 to -0.8 bars) of pressure. The
transducer is linearly temperature-dependent due to
the dielectric properties of the materials used In as-
sembly. (Copyright (c) 1980 American Society of Agri-
cultural Engineers.)
Keywords: 'Pressure sensors, Data acquisition, Re-
prints.
PB81-148710 PC A02/MF A01
Organophosphate and Organophosphorothlonate
Esters: Application of Linear Free Energy Rela-
tionships to Estimate Hydrolysis Rate Constants
for Use In Environmental Fate Assessment Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. Lee Wolf. C1980,9p EPA-600/J-8: 206
Pub. in Chemosphere, v9 p571 -5791980.
Hydrolysis rate constants required for assessing the
environmental fate of certain Organophosphate and or-
ganophosphorothionate esters may be estimated by
use of linear free energy relationships (LFERs). LFERs
for the second-order alkaline rate constants and the
pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving groups were
established for 0,0-diethyl-O-substituted phosphates
and phosphorothionates. Also, the second-order alka-
line hydrolysis rate constants of selected triaryl phos-
phates were correlated with the Hammett-sigma con-
stants. Existing LFERs for diaryl phosphate ester
anlons along with monoaryt phosphate ester mono-
end dlanions were used to predict hydrolytic half-lives
under reaction conditions that are characteristic of
aquatic environments. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Press
Ltd. 1980.)
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Organic
phosphates, 'Phosphorus organic acid esters, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys. Assessments, Esters, Reprints,
•Path of pollutants, 'Phosphorothionates.
PB81-148728 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Particular Emissions from In-
Use Diesel Vehicles. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Richard E. Gibbs, James D. Hyde, and Stanley M.
Byer. C1980,25p EPA-600/J-80-209
Pub. in Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Techni-
cal Paper Series No. 801372, p1 -22 1980.
Paniculate emissions data are presented from a group
of 19 in-use diesel automobiles. Five driving cycles
and three fuel/lubricating oil combinations have been
used to obtain paniculate emissions data and also to
collect paniculate samples for chemical and bloaesay
characterization studies. Paniculate samples are sol-
vent extracted with dlchloromethane to obtain the
soluble organic fraction (SOF) of the emitted particu-
late. Paniculate and SOF data are presented for emis-
sion/distance, emission/time and emission/fuel con-
sumed basis by vehicle manufacture, driving cycle,
and fuel/oil subcategory. Some SOF samples nave
been used in the bioassay test of Ames, and these re-
sults are presented for different vehicles and driving
cycles. Paniculate emissions, SOF emissions and bio-
assay activity results are presented in terms of mileage
accumulation effects. (Copyright (c) 1980 Society of
Automotive Engineers, Inc.)
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Particles, Exhaust emis-
sions, Automobiles, Laboratory equipment, Sampling,
Bioassay, Organic compounds, Bioassay, Filters, Re-
prints, 'Diesel exhaust.
PB81-148736 PC A02/MF A01
Small Water Systems: Role of Technology. Journal
article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark. 26 Mar 79,18p EPA-600/J-80-207
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental EngineeringDivislon,
American Society of Civil Engineers, v106 nEE1 pi 9-
35Feb80.
Over 90% of the nation's water supplies serve fewer
than 10,000 people, less than 25% of the total popula-
tion. Many of these small systems have problems. One
of the major problems is their lack of operating reve-
nues. They cannot benefit from economies of scale as
do large urban systems because they are small in
terms of the number of connections served. These
technological systems include package treatment
plants and reverse osmosis plants. Management sys-
tems include cost accounting systems.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
supply, 'Water distribution, Communities, Potable
water. Operating costs, Populations, Diseases, Osmo-
sis, Revenue, Reprints, Packaged sewage treatment
plants, Reverse osmosis.
PB81-148744 PC A02/MF A01
Organlcs in the Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
William L. Budde, and James W. Eichelberger. May 79,
5pEPA-600/J-79-117
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, p567A-574A May 79.
With the large number of measurement techniques
available, the designer of an environmental monitoring
system must select those most appropriate for the sit-
uation. Although many tools exist, each has a different
capability, cost, and complexity of operation.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Monitors, Sampling, Cost analysis, Laboratory
equipment, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Reprints, Electron capture detectors, Flame ionization
detectors.
PB81-148884 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Elevated Levels of Sodium In Community Drinking
Water. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst.
Edward J. Calabrese, Robert W. Tuthill, Janelle M.
Klar, and Thomas L. Sieger. Nov 80,7p EPA-600/J-
80-204
Grant EPA-R-805612-02
Pub. in Jnl. AWWA 72. n11 p645-647 Nov 80.
A comparison study of students from towns with differ-
ing levels of sodium in drinking water revealed statisti-
cally significantly higher blood pressure distributions
among the students from the town with high sodium
levels. Differences were found In both systolic and dla-
stollc readings, in boys as well as girls.
December 1983 1009
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Potable water, "Sodium, 'Toxicology,
Metals, Blood pressure, Students, Communities, Re-
prints, 'Drinking water, Hypertension, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-150583 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Concentration Technologies for Hazardous Aque-
ous Waste Treatment. Interim rept.,
Touhill, Shuckrow and Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
Alan J. ShucKrow, Andrew P. Pajak, and Jerome W.
Osheka. Feb81,358p* EPA-600/2-81-019
Contract EPA-68-03-2766
A stepwise evaluation of the potential applicability of
the candidate technologies to the identified contami-
nation problems was carried out. Technology profiles
describing the pertinent processes and current appli-
cations were prepared. These profiles formed the
basis for the initial screening of the applicability of indi-
vidual technologies to concentration of hazardous
constituents of aqueous wastes. Certain technologies
were eliminated from further consideration for reasons
discussed in the individual technology profiles. Re-
maining technologies were carried forward for more
detailed review. Compounds identified in the waste
streams fell into one of thirteen chemical classes: al-
cohol, aliphatic, amine, aromatic, halocarbon, metal,
miscellaneous, PCB, pesticide, phenol, phthalate, or
polynuclear aromatic. The next step in the evaluation
process was an extensive literature review which fo-
cused on the technologies and upon chemical com-
' i classes. It was concluded that six processes:
il treatment, chemical coagulation, carbon ad-
n, resin adsorption, membrane processes, and
stripping have the greatest potential broad range and
immediate applicability. In most cases, no single unit
process would be sufficient in itself to adequately treat
the diverse contamination problems likely to be en-
countered. Five candidate process trains were formu-
lated as being most broadly applicable to the types of
known contamination. A desktop analysis then was
performed to assess the ability of each process train to
treat each of three selected contamination problems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Dialysis, Density(Mass/volume), Separation,
Crystallization, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Alcohols,
Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Distillation, Centrifugation, Ca-
talysis, Design criteria, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Pnthalates, Phenols, Amines, Aromatic com-
pounds, Halogen organic compounds, Pesticides,
Evaporation, Filtration, Flocculation, Ion exchanging,
Adsorption, Solvent extraction, Membranes, 'Liquid
wastes, Biological industrial waste treatment, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Reverse osmosis, Ultrafiltration.
PB81-150617 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Impact of the Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act on FBC Residua Disposal. Final rept. May
79-May80,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
C. C. Sun, R. A. Newby, and D. L Keairns. Feb 81,
103pEPA-600/7-81-011
Contract EPA-68-02-3110
The report gives results of an assessment of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of
1976 and its current regulations with respect to both
fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) residue disposal and,
of special importance, the proposed Sec. 3001 regula-
tions for hazardous waste identification.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fluidized bed proc-
essing, 'Water pollution abatement, Legislation, Regu-
lations, Coal, Leaching, Trace elements, 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Fluidized bed
combustion, Solid wastes.
PB81-160765 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sensitive Biochemical and Behavioral Indicators
of Trace Substance Exposure. Part 1. Cerium,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Center for
Air Environment Studies.
Edward J. Massaro, John B. Morganti, Bradley A.
Lown, Carl H. Stineman, and Rosemary B. D'Agostino.
Jan81,73pEPA-600/1-81-011
Contract EPA-68-02-1768
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York
at Buffalo.
At various times after exposure of the adult mouse to
single or repeated (multiple) doses of Cerium (Ce) cit-
rate, the tissue/organ distribution and effects of Ce on
selected behavioral parameters (ambutations and
rearings in the open field, hole-in-board exploratory be-
havior, passive and active avoidance learning, and an
aspect of social behavior) were investigated. Effects of
Ce on the gravid and lactating female and on param-
eters of embryonic, fetal and postnatal development
and behavior of offspring of Ce exposed dams also
were studied.
Keywords: 'Cerium, 'Toxicology, Mice, Exposure,
Metals, Animal behavior, Physiological effects, Epide-
miology, Histology, Liver, Trace elements, Environ-
mental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-150831 PC A14/MF A01
Phytoplankton Water-Quality Relationships In U.S.
Lakes. Part VIII: Algae Associated with or Re-
nsible for Water-Quality Problems. Rept. for 7
spons
Mar-1
ar-14Nov73,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou,
and F, A. Morris. Dec 80, 325p EPA-600/3-80-100
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Environmental data are presented for 1 1 7 species and
24 genera of freshwater algae that have been associ-
ated with or are responsible for water quality problems.
The environmental data are based upon algal occur-
rence records from 250 lakes sampled in Eastern and
Southeastern States. The water quality problems ad-
dressed include eutrophication, organic pollution, taste
and odor, filter clogging, toxicity, and aesthetic nui-
sance. Data presented illustrate that most genera and
species associated with eutrophic conditions also
occur in nutrient-poor waters; thus limiting their indica-
tor value with respect to nutrient enrichment.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Distribution(Property), Sampling, Taste, odors, Toxici-
ty, Classifications, Nutrients, Turbidity, Temperature,
Phosphorus, Tables(Data), Indicator species, Eastern
Region(United States), Southeastern Hegion(United
States).
PB81-150898 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Integrated Iron and Nitrogen Control for Lake
Restoration,
Carr Research Lab., Inc., Wellesley, MA.
Jerome B. Carr. Nov 79,175p
Grant EPA-S-804696010
Sponsored in part by Wellesley Dept. of Public Works,
MA.
The project is unique in that nitrogen is the focus of the
lake management program; whereas phosphorus is
the focus in all the other Clean Lake Programs. In addi-
tion, this program is unique in that it deals with the
impact of the micro-nutrient iron in the aquatic environ-
ment. By controlling iron, nuisance blue-green algal
blooms may be brought under control. Morses Pondin
Wellesley, Massachusetts was given three different
treatments to remove the iron and control the algae.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Morses Pond, 'Water pollution
control, Iron, Plankton blooms, Nitrogen fixation,
Dredging, Alums, Potassium permanganate, Field
tests, Massachusetts, 'Eutrophication.
PB81-150955 PC A05/MF A01
Responses of Saglnaw Bay, Lake Huron, to Re-
ductions In Phosphorus Loadings from the Sagl-
naw River,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Victor J. Bierman, Jr., and David M. Dolan. Dec 80,87p
EPA-600/3-80-099
Results of phosphorus load reductions are presented
for parameters that relate most directly to the water
quality issues in Saginaw Bay. These parameters in-
clude taste and odor in the municipal water supply, ana
annual average total phosphorus concentration. Re-
sults are also presented for total phytoplankton bio-
mass and total blue-green phytoplankton biomass.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Saginaw Bay, 'Phospho-
rus, Lake Huron, Saginaw River, Phytoplankton, Math-
ematical models, Computerized simulation.
PB81-150963 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. ^_
Effect of Industrial Paniculate Samples on Alveo-
lar Macrophaaes,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
Catherine Aranyi. Jan 81,49p EPA-600/1 -81-003
Grant EPA-R-805141
Toxic ranking of the <3 micrometer size fraction of
particulate samples by in vitro rabbit alveolar macro-
phage assay showed generally low to intermediate cy-
totoxicity for samples obtained from a steel foundry, an
electric arc furnace steel plant and from four coal-flred
power plants. Particulates obtained from an aluminum
and from a copper smelter were highly toxic to alveo ar
macrophages as monitored by viability, total cellular
protein and ATP levels. The two smelter samples also
contained soluble components that significantly con-
tributed to their cytotoxicity. None of the particulate
samples tested were true emission or effluent sam-
ples, but were collected from in-plant control devices.
Inhalation of copper smelter particle aerosols pro-
duced significant changes in more of the parameters
than inhalation of the coal fly ash. Thus, the overall ob-
jective of these studies was realized by demonstrating
the validity of prediction of inhalation hazard on the
basis of the in vitro screening assay.
Keywords: 'Macrophages, "Toxicology, Steel plants,
In vitro analysis, Rabbits, In vivo analysis, Inhalation,
Exposure, Air pollution, Bioassay, 'Toxic substances,
'Particulates, Cytotoxicity, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB81-150989 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chronic Toxicity of Lead and Cadmium. H-
Changes In the Central Nervous System of the Ft
Generation of Rats after Chronic Intoxication with
Lead and Cadmium. Interim rept.,
Slaska Akademia Medyczna, Katowice (Poland). Cen-
tral Animal Farm.
Z. S. Herman, K. Kmieciak-Kolada, R. Szkilnik, R. Brus,
and J. J. Jonek. Jan 81,24p EPA-600/1-81-013
See also report dated Jan 80, PB81 -110850.
This paper examines the effects of chronic exposure
to the trace elements, lead and cadmium, on the cen-
tral nervous system of F1 generation Wistar rats. Both
the parental and F1 generation received treatments
consisting of two levels of lead (S or 50 ppm), two
levels of cadmium (0.1 or 5 ppm), and two combined
dosages (5 ppm lead and 0.1 ppm cadmium, or 50 ppm
lead and 5 ppm cadmium). Treatments were adminis-
tered in buffered drinking water. Behavioral changes,
as measured by locomotor activity, were found to be
both dose and age dependent. Changes in brain bio-
genie amino levels were also both dose and age de-
pendent. In general, lead treatment caused decreases
in blood ammolevulinio acid dehydrotase while cadmi-
um caused increases in brain acetylcholinesterase
and monamine oxidase. This study suggests that both
behavior and biogenic amine level changes in discrete
brain areas can occur as early as 30 days of age and
these changes may be sensitive signs of chronic expo-
sure to leadand/or cadmium.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), 'Cadmium,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Rats, Expo-
sure, Central nervous system, Dosage, Laboratory ani-
mals, Blood chemical analysis, Liver, Kidney,
Ingestion(Blology), Behavior, Trace elements, 'Toxic
substances, Urinalysis, Hyperklnesis.
PB81-150997 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newton Fish Toxicology Station.
1010 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effect* of Fluctuating, Sublethal Applications of
Heavy Metal Solutions Upon the Gill Ventilation
Response of Bluegllls (Lapomls macrochlrus),
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
John Cairns, Jr., Kenneth W. Thompson, and Albert C.
nendricks. Jan81,104pEPA-600/3-81-003
QrantEPA-R-805274-010
Tne ventilatory response of the bluegill 19 fluctuating,
sublethal amounts of heavy metals was investigated.
Non-contact submerged, stainless steel electrodes
were used to detect the weak electrical potentials that
are produced when fish ventilate their gills. These sig-
nals were amplified using high-gain amplifiers which
were interfaced with a minicomputer. These ventilatory
data were accumulated continuously, and both the
ventilatory rates and average signal amplitude were re-
corded on electronic tape for later analysis. The re-
sponse to these toxic solutions was an increase in rate
as well as a decrease in signal amplitude. The latter re-
sponse was shown to be a real response of the fish
and not due to changes in the electrical properties of
{fie water when toxicant was added. Due to the ex-
treme smoothing of the data, the analysis of variance
was unable to detect any differences between the toxi-
cant application patterns. It was significant to note,
nowever, that the fish were capable or reacting to each
subsequent pulse of toxicant in a similar manner.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Metals, "Toxicology, Ventilation,
Responses, Electrical properties. Analysis of variance,
uetection, Bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, Heavy
metals, Gills, 'Toxic substances.
£881-151045 PC A14/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
F«te and Effect of Oil In the Aquatic Environment
•Gulf Coast Region. Final rept,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State.
Lewis R. Brown. Jul 80,306p EPA-600/3-80-058B
Contract EPA-68-01-0745
This report is an appendix to EPA 600/3-80-058a. The
Project was multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional in
scope and involved both laboratory and field sized
Pilot-plant ecosystem studies. Emphasis was placed
on the long-term, low level chronic effects on oil pollu-
tion on the ecosystem. Of the five crudes employed in
'ne investigation, Empire Mix crude was studied most
intensively;
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Water pollution, Crude oil,
Aquatic biology, Ecology, Oysters, Shrimp, Shellfish,
Aquatic animals, Plankton, Marine fishes, 'Gulf Coast
"egfon(United States).
JJB81-151433 PC A13/MF A01
°enzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Tanks
'Background Information for Proposed Stand-
•r
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-1S2142
PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Manpower and Technical Information
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 413:
Control of Particular Emissions. Student Work-
book,
Northrop Services, Inc.. Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. S. Beachles. Apr 80, 36p EPA-450/2-80-067
Contract EPA-68-02-2374
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-208895.
This workbook contains problems for the Air Pollution
Training Institute's Course 41 3, 'Control of Paniculate
Emissions'. The problems cover calculation of collec-
tion efficiencies, pressure drop values, and particle
size distributions for such emission control devices as
settling chambers, cyclones, electrostatic precipita-
tors, baghouses, and wet collectors. The workbook,
when used with the Student Manual, EPA 450/2-80-
066, during the lecture sessions, is part of comprehen-
sive training in paniculate control. The course also has
an Instructor's Guide, PB80-208895, which should be
used in conducting the course.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
'Manuals, Specialized training, Instructional materials,
Performance evaluation, Dust collectors, Particle size
distribution, Cyclone separators, Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Air filters, Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB81-152167 PCA11/MFA01
VOC Fugitive Emissions In Synthetic Organic
Chemicals Manufacturing Industry - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. Draft environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,245p EPA-450/3-80-033A
Standards of performance to control fugitive emissions
of VOC from new, modified, and reconstructed Syn-
thetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry
(SOCMI) plants are being proposed under Section III
of the Clean Air Act. This document contains informa-
tion on SOCMI, emission control technology for fugi-
tive emissions of VOC, Regulatory Alternatives which
were considered, analyses of environmental, energy,
costs, and other technical data to support the standard
of performance.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Chemical industry,
'Organic compounds, Manufacturing, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Regulations, Stand-
ards, Sources, Leakage, Revision, Cost analysis, Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'Fugitive emissions, 'volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Environmental impact statements-
draft.
PC A04/MF A01
gency, Research Triangle
3 Technical Information
PB81-1S2175
Environmental Protection A
Park, NC. Manpower an
Branch.
APTI (Air Pollution Training Institute) Course 427
Combustion Evaluation, Student Workbook,
Associated Environmental Consultants, Charlottes-
ville, VA.
J. Taylor Beard, F. Antonio lachetta, and Lembit U.
Ulleleht. Feb 80,65p EPA-450/2-80-064
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
See also report dated Feb 80, PB80-207798.
This Student Workbook is used in conjunction with
Course 427, 'Combustion Evaluation' as applied to air
pollution control situations. The workbook was pre-
pared by the EPA Air Pollution Training Institute (APTI)
to provide problem solving exercises of typical com-
bustion calculations as a supplement to the course
lecture materials. Sample problems are presented for.
Combustion fundamentals, Combustion design, Emis-
sion calculations, Pollutant concentrations, Afterburn-
er design, and Fuel requirements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Manuals, 'Hand-
books, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Design criteria, Concentration(Composition), Perform-
ance evaluation, Furnaces, Afterburners, Numerical
solution.
PB81-1S21B3 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development and Application of a Water Supply
Cost Analysis System. Volume I. Final rept. Sep 78-
Sep 79,
ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
James I. Gillean, William L. Britton, Jr., John H. Brim,
and Robert M. Clark. Jul 80,81 p EPA-600/2-80-012A
Contract EPA-68-03-2506
See also Volume 2, PB81 -117954.
The Environmental Protection Agency is concerned
with the Safe Drinking Water Acrs economic impact
on the water supply industry. Experience has shown
that although most utilities maintain an accounting
system, the data provided by the system are main-
tained in different formats and are therefore incompati-
ble among utilities. To help remedy this deficiency, the
Drinking Water Research Division has initiated a pro-
gram to develop standardized techniques for analyzing
data within a utility accounting framework. Volume I
describes the development and application of this
system to Kenton County, Kentucky water District No.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water supply, Accounting,
Cost effectiveness, Cost comparison, Allocations,
Water treatment, Water distribution, Water storage,
Kentucky, Kenton County(Kentucky).
PB61-152361 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Effect of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite, and Nitrite on
Mice with Low and High Levels of Glucose-6-
Phoephate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) In their Eryth-
rocytes. Final rept. Oct 77-Oct 78,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
Gary S. Moore, and Edward J. Calabrese. Feb 81,93p
EPA-600/1-81-014
Grant EPA-R-805557
Mice exposed to chlorine dioxide for 30 days at 100
ppm exhibited no significant differences from controls
in any of the blood parameters measured. There were
no additive or synergistic effects between chlorine di-
oxide and nitrite based on these same measurements.
When A/J (high G6PD) and C57L/J (low G6PD) mice
were exposedto various levels of sodium chlorite (0.0,
1.0, 10.0, and 100 ppm) for 30 days in their drinking
water, there were a number of blood parameters that
varied significantly with respect to treatment. However,
with the exception of an increase in hemoglobin for the
CS7L/J strain at the 1.0 and 10.0 ppm level, all signifi-
cant changes were associated with the 100 ppm expo-
sure. There were no significant strain versus treatment
interactions for any level of chlorite exposure.
Keywords: 'Chlorine oxides, 'Chlorttes, 'Nitrites,
'Toxicology, Bioassay, Mice, Erythrocytes, Blood
cells, Ingestion(BiologV), Exposure, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, 'Dehydrogenase/glucose phos-
phate, Synergism.
PB81-152472 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Retrospective Monitoring of Inorganic Materials,
Iowa Univ., Oakdale. Inst. of Agricultural Medicine and
Environmental Health.
C. Tuthill, W. Schutte, and C. W. Frank. Jan 81,52p
EPA-600/3-81-002
The development of chronological reference points to
which present levels of inorganic pollutants can be
compared is increasingly needed. The requirements
for retrospective monitoring methods are discussed In
relation to their attainability. The literature has been re-
viewed for biological samples which are datable and
have been characterized for one or more inorganic
chemicals. These data are evaluated with respect to
their known or estimated past exposures. It is conclud-
ed that only selected repository samples and tree rings
appear to fulfill the requirements for retrospective
monitoring materials.
Keywords: 'Inorganic compounds, 'Metals, Exposure,
Recommendations, Comparison, Contaminants,
Plants(Botany), Mollusca, Fishes, Monitoring, Bioaccu-
mulation, 'Heavy metals, 'Pollution monitoring.
PB81-162480 PC A03/MF AOl
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of 2 percent Venous Carboxyhemoglobln
on Exercise-induced Angina Pectorls. Final rept.,
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach,
CA.
Wilber S. Aronow. Jan 81,49p EPA-600/1-81-012
In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 14 pa-
tients with angina pectoris who breathed carbon mon-
oxide 50 ppm for 1 hour to raise the mean venous car-
boxyhemoglobin from 1.09 to 2.02% had a reduction in
mean exercise time until angina pectoris from 321.7 to
289.2 seconds, P< 0.001. After breathing com-
pressed, purified air to reduce the mean venous car-
boxyhemoglobin from 1.07 to 1.00% , there was an in-
significant increase in mean exercise time until angina
pectoris from 324.5 to 330.3 seconds. In comparison
with the control period or after breathing compressed
purified air, a 2.02% venous carboxyhemoglobin level
caused a reduction in exercise time until angina pecto-
ris, P<0.001, no significant change in resting sytolic
blood pressure times heart rate, a reduction in systol
blood pressure times heart rate at angina pectoris,
P<0.001, and no significant change in exercise-in-
duced ischemis S-T segment depression. These data
indicate that a 2% venous carboxyhemoglobin level
aggravates angina pectoris.
Keywords: 'Angina pectoris, 'Carbon monoxide,
'Toxicology, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Coronary artery disease, Patients,
Exercise(Physiology), Epidemiology, Risk, Air quality,
'Carboxyhemoglobin, Angina pectoris, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental health, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB81-152498 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Pollution and Health Effects In Children Resid-
ing In Akron, Ohio,
Akron Univ., OH.
Richard A. Mostardi, Nancy R. Woebkenberg, Daniel
Ely, Glenn Atwood, and Mary Conlon. Jan 81,129p
EPA-600/1-81-004
Grant EPA-R-804256
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects
of ambient air pollutants on respiratory function, inci-
dence, and severity of acute respiratory illness, nature
of pulmonary epidemiology, and trace element accu-
mulation, in 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children in Akron,
Ohio. Air pollutants were measured at three locations
and included sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2), total suspended particulates (TSP) and from
the Hi-Vol filters, suspended sulfates (S04=) and sus-
pended nitrates (NO3-). The filters and bubblers were
run on a twenty-four hour daily schedule and chemical
analyses were carried out by Community Health As-
sessment Monitoring Program (CHAMP) contractors.
On the basis of available aerometric information it is
concluded that S02 in combination with NO2 is primar-
ily responsible for the reduction in lung function tests
and the exacerbations seen in the children at the Sei-
berling school.
Keywords: 'Children, 'Toxicology, Air pollution, Ohio,
Respiratory systems, Epidemiology, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen dioxide, Sulfates, Nitrates, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Akron(Ohio), Environmental health,
Trace elements, Btoaccumulation, 'Toxic substances,
Particulates.
PB81-162506 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chromosome Aberrations In Peripheral Lympho-
cytes of College Students as a Response to Pho-
tochemical Air Pollution,
Loma Linda Univ., CA. School of Health.
Allan R. Magie, David E. Abbey, and Willard R.
Centerwall. Jan 81,164p EPA-600/1-81-007
Grant EPA-R-804806-02
This research project was designed to confirm and
extend to a more homogeneous group the observa-
tions of Scott and Burkart (9) in their study of chromo-
some aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes of stu-
dents attending the University of Southern California.
The primary objective of this study was to compare
whether the incidence of chromosome aberrations in
peripheral lymphocytes of young adults emigrating
from and Immigrating to an area of low levels differed
1012 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
significantly from students Indigenous to the respec-
tive erea.
Keywords: 'Chromosome abnormalities, 'Lympho-
cytes, 'Toxicology, Air pollution, Students, Blood cells,
^alifornla, Physiological effects, Responses, Epidemi-
ology, *Alr pollution effecls(Humans), Photochemical
oxldants, Environmental health, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-162S14 PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
investigation of Effect* of Prolonged Inhalation
of Nickel-Enriched Fly Ash In Syrian Golden Ham-
Batteile Pacific Northwest Labs., Rlchland, WA.
Alfred P. Wehner. Jan 81, 151p EPA-600/1-81-009A
Contract EPA-68-03-2457
Groups of 102 Male Syrian Golden hamsters were
wtfpnically exposed to approx. 70 micrograms/l resol-
uble Nickel Enriched Fly Ash aerosol (high NEFA
8'oup), approx. 17 micrograms/l (low NEFA group), or
approx. 70 mlcrograms/r FA 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week
>or 4 a, 12, 16 and 20 months. Identical control groups
received sham exposures. The NEFA particles of res-
Pirable size contained approximately 6% nickel, com-
pared to about 0.3% for FA. Exposure to NEFA had no
wsniflcant effect on the apparent well being, body
weight and life span of the animals although heavy de-
posits of NEFA In the lungs were found. The lung
weights and mean lung volumes of the high NEFA and
FA exposed animals were significantly higher and
wfler, respectively, than for the low NEFA and control
groups. There was a 100% Incidence of dust deposi-
tion (anthracosis) and significantly higher Incidence
PIUS severity of Interstitial reaction and bronchlollzatlon
in me dust-exposed groups than the controls. The se-
of lung reactions was significantly lower In the
NEFA group than the high NEFA and FA groups.
i he results of this study conclude that the addition of
nickel to fly ash under these conditions did not signifi-
cantly (p< o.os) enhance the pathogenlcity (Including
carclnogenlcity) of fly ash in this animal model.
Bywords: 'Nickel. 'Toxicology, 'Fly ash, Hamsters,
laboratory animals, Exposure, Aerosols, Inhalation,
*ir pollution effects(Anlmals).
£8*1.162522 PC A05/MF A01
"ealth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
[jyectt of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds on
•"•Metabolism of Foreign Organic Compounds,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
)»ary p. Carlson. Jan 81, 85p EPA-600/1-81-010
Q'antEPA-R-805070
This work was initiated to extend the previous findings
* the Induction of xenoblotic metabolism by the halo-
«enated benzenes. Particular interest was focused on
further the relationship between their long-
jerrn Induction and their storage In body fat. A second
oojectlve was to determine if trie bromlnated benzenes
caused hepatic porphyria similar to that observed with
J» fungicide hexachlorobenzene. A third aim was to
extend the observations to other halogenated ben-
«nea in the enhancement of esteratic pathways of
•enobiotic metabolism. In contrast to hexachloroben-
«nkei tne brominated benzenes, including the fully
•uostJtuted hexabromobenzene, did not Induce hepat-
~ Porphyria to any significant degree and did not
r"U8e increases in the secretion of porphyrins. Studies
P" the distribution and elimination of 1,2,4-trlchloro-
Xfnzene and 1,2,4-trlbromobenzene indicated that
2™ prolonged Inductive effects are related to their
r°rage and slow release from body stores, particularly
r*»Pose tissue. The administration of Aroclor 1254 re-
fjr116" In prolonged Increases In xenoblotic metabo-
"wn which could also be enhanced by starvation.
: 'Porphyrla, 'Aromatic compounds, 'Meta-
diseases, Organic compounds, Fiats, Laboratory
assay, Metabolic diseases, Liver diseases,
Halogens, Adipose tissue, Benzene/hex-
, Benzene/trlbromo.
P*8t-162530 PC A10/MF A01
'naustrlal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
fanning Study to Mods! and Monitor Coal Pile
5gno«. Phase 1. Final rept. Jun 79-Jul 80,
£P Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
G. T. Brookman, J. A. Rlpp, P. B. Kate, B. C.
Middlesworth, and D. K. Martin. Feb 81,220p EPA-
600/7-81-016,, IERL-RTP-1115
Contract EPA-68-02-3115
Sponsored In part by Edison Electric Inst, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report describes a planning study for predicting
and monitoring the hydrologlc and chemical character-
istics of effluent streams resulting from precipitation
Impacting on open storage of coal.lt Includes: a survey
of utilities on storage habits and treatment systems for
coal pile runoff, the development of a runoff model, a
work plan to field test the model, and procedures for
the field program. The survey Includes information
from 81 plants on size, shape, and handling practices
for coal stocks and criteria used to design coal pile
runoff treatment. The model developed in this program
is In two sections: a hydraulic model TRCH20 and a
quality model TRCCOAL. The model is capable of de-
scribing the surface and Interior reaction In the coal
pile as well as in the groundwater. A sensitivity analysis
of several model parameters is also provided.
Keywords: 'Coal storage, Pollution, Leaching, Runoff,
Field tests, Surveys, Monitoring, Forecasting, Mathe-
matical models, *Coal pile runoff, TRCH20 model,
TRCCOAL model.
PB81-152655 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Sludge Management Alternatives for the Los An-
geles/Orange County Metropolitan Area. Final
rept.
Los Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Proiect,Whlttler,CA.
May77,77p
Grant EPA-C-06-1042-010
See also PB81-152548.
Results of analysis of candidate systems for sludge
management are summarized. Least attractive candi-
date systems are Identified and deferred from further
study. Fundamental sludge management alternatives
are described and changes In the LA/OMA Project
workplan are defined.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage sludge, 'Solid
waste disposal, Sewage treatment, Regional plan-
ning, Metropolitan areas, California, "Los
Angeles(Callfornia), Orange County(Callfornla).
PB8MS2647 PC A18/MF A01
Stats and Local Grant Awards, April-September
1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Olv.
1979,401 p EPA-GAD/2-79-03
SeealsoPBSO-157316.
This publication provides Information about the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's State and Local Assist-
ance Program Grants awarded during the period April
1979 - September 1979. The data is listed by State,
program, and grantee name.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution control,
'Grants, Construction, Municipalities, Tables(Data),
United States.
PB81-152662 PC A12/MF A01
Rsmsdlsl Action Standards for Inactive Uranium
Processing Sites (40 CFR 192). Draft environmental
impact statement.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Dec 80,269p EPA-520/4-80-011
The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing
standards for disposing of uranium mill tailings from In-
active processing sites and for cleaning up contami-
nated open land and buildings. These standards were
developed pursuant to the Uranium Mill Tailings Radi-
ation Control Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-604). This Act
requires EPA to promulgate standards to protect the
environment and public health and safety from radio-
active and nonradioactlve hazards posed by uranium
mill tailings at designated inactive processing sites.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement examines
health, technical, cost, and other factors relevant to
determining standards. The proposed standards for
disposal of the tailings plies cover radon emissions
from the tailings to the air, protection of surface and
ground water from radioactive and nonradioactlve con-
taminants, and the length of time the disposal system
should provide a reasonable expectation of meeting
these standards. The proposed cleanup standards
limit Indoor radon decay product concentrations and
gamma radiation levels and the residual radium con-
centration of contaminated land after cleanup.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
Radioactive contaminants, Radon isotopes, Radiation
hazards, Ground water, Water pollution, Radium Iso-
topes, Standards, Gamma irradiation, 'Uranium mills,
•Mill tailings, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Uranium
Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978, Cost.
PB81-152878 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Test of Corrosion Control to Protect Asbes-
tos-Cement Pipe. Final rept. Nov 76-Dec 79,
Greenwood Commissioners of Public Works, SO.
Clarence E. Grubb. Jan 81,23p EPA-600/2-81-023
Grant EPA-R-804888-01
This work was performed to determine If adding zinc
orthophosphate to potable water could cause an as-
bestos-cement pipe to be coated with zinc sufficiently
to prevent asbestos fibers from entering the water.
Keywords: 'Asbestos cement products, 'Water pipes,
Protective coatings, Zinc coatings, Potable water, Ad-
ditives, Zinc phosphates, Field tests, Asbestos, Inhibi-
tion.
PB8M52894 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry.
Estimating the Potency of Mutagens: Cytotoxlclty
as an Obligatory Conssqusncs of Mutagenlclty.
Interim rept. Jan 78-Jan 70,
California Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Livermore Lab.
June H. Carver, Elbert W. Branscomb, and Frederick
T. Hatch. Aug 79,22p UCRL-81690-REV-2, EPA-600/
7-79-172
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Rapid and reliable screening methods are required for
identifying environmental mutagens and estimating
their mutagenic potency In preparation for use of more
elaborate tests to assess the genetic risk to man. On
theoretical grounds, one expects a certain minimum
cytotoxlc potency to correlate with mutagenic potency,
particularly when the latter Is measured using forward
mutations that result In inactive gene products. Fur-
thermore, as cells cannot divide unless a substantial
fraction of their genome is functionally Intact, muta-
genic agents should also be obligatory cytotoxlc
agents, with a given mutagenlclty conferring a certain
Irreducible Cytotoxlclty. The authors show here that the
cytotoxlc potency of 22 chemical mutagens is highly
correlated with their mutagenic potency as assayed In
five rodent and human In vitro cell systems. This rela-
tionship Implies that the maximum potential mutagenic
potency of such compounds may be reliably estimated
from rapid and straightforward measurements of their
cytotoxlc potency, the latter defined as the failure of
cultured cells to undergo continued cell division. The
estimate Is necessarily a maximum one, as an agent
may exert cytotoxlc effects by pathways indpendent of
Its mutagenic action.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Identi-
fying, Estimating, Screening, In vitro analysis, Hazards,
Cells(Biology), Cytotoxicity, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-152902 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
PCB Residue Levels In Human Adipose Tissue; a
Statistical Evaluation by Racial Grouping. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Robert M. Lucas, Mitchell D. Erickson, Phil V.
Piserchia, and Stephen R. Williams. Nov 80,102p
EPA-560/13-79-015
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
The proportion (or percent) of persons with greater
than 3 ppm PCB and the proportion with detectable
PCB residue are investigated with an emphasis on
comparing differences between racial groups. The
December 1983 1013
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemical analysis technique used to quantify the resi-
due amounts is studied. The technique of using only
one isomer (out of many) to quantitate aggregate PCS
may result in bias that affect statistical significance
levels of the racial differences. Hence, the apparent
racial differences could not be confirmed nor denied.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Regression anal-
ysis, Insecticides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Humans, Demography, Concentration(Composition),
Design, Chemical analysis, 'Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, 'Pesticide residues, Monitoring, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Race.
PB8M52910 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Tennessee. Final rept. Aug-Dec 80,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Robert D. Cox, Kenneth W. Lee, Gary K. Tannahill, and
Hugh J. Williamson. 3 Dec 80,83p RAD-81 -240-016-
01$7,EPA-904/9-80-055
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
This document describes the collection of nonmeth-
ane hydrocarbon transport data to be used in Level III:
EKMA-OZIPP analysis for Louisville, Kentucky and
Nashville, Tennessee. Ambient air samples were col-
lected during September, 1980, at sites normally
upwind of these cities. Integrated samples were col-
lected at each site from 6:00 am to 9:00 am daily for
two weeks. Samples were collected in Tedlar bags
then transferred to stainless steel canisters for ship-
ment and analysis. Cryogenic trapping with liquid
oxygen was used to concentrate the hydrocarbon spe-
cies and to separate methane and nonmethane hydro-
carbons. Nonmethane hydrocarbons were thermally
desorbed in a gas chromatograph and quantitated with
a flame lonization detector (FID). This method was
thoroughly tested and data in support of it are present-
ed within the report. Nonmethane hydrocarbon
(NMHC) concentrations (6-9 am average) near the
upwind monitoring site for Louisville, Kentucky, ranged
from 0.11 to 0.96 ppmv-C with a mean value of 0.30
ppmv-C and a median of 0.22 ppmv-C. NMHC concen-
trations near the upwind monitoring site for Nashville,
Tennesee ranged from 0.06 to 0.34 ppmv-C with a
mean value of 0.12 ppmv-C and a median of 0.09
ppmv-C.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Transport
properties, Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
'Louisville(Kentucky), 'NashvillefTennessee), 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection.
PBB1-152Q28 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Ammonium Nitrate Manufacturing Industry - Tech-
nical Document. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Jan 81,306p EPA-450/3-81 -002
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This report presents information on the emission
levels, control techniques, and costs associated with
the control of particulate emission sources and facili-
ties in the ammonium nitrate solids producing Industry.
Sources of emissions include prill towers, granulators,
predryers, dryers, and coolers. Alternative control
techniques and supporting data are described and dis-
cussed, and an analysis of environmental and eco-
nomic Impacts of control techniques are presented.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Ammonium nitrate,
•Particles, 'Air pollution control, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Scrubbers, Cost analysis, Man-
ufacturing, Substitutes, Process charting, Granulators,
Air pollution control equipment, Environmental im-
pacts, Wet methods.
PB81-163116 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Facilities Plan/Program, Proposed Sludge
Management Program for the Los Angeles/
Orange County Metropolitan Area. Draft rept.
(Final).
Los Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Project, Whittier, CA.
Apr80,538p
Grant EPA-C-046-1042-011
Sponsored in part by California State Water Resources
Control Board, Sacramento, Los Angeles, CA., Los An-
geles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA., and
Orange County Sanitation Districts, CA.
Development of sludge management facilities pro-
posed for the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County
Sanitation Districts, and Orange County Sanitation Dis-
tricts Is discussed in detail. Facilities are described for
each agency to accommodate sludge loads projected
to the year 2000. Policy actions, continuing research
needs, and implementation schedules are also speci-
fied.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage sludge, 'Solid
waste disposal, Technology assessment, Facilities
management, Environmental impacts, Cost analysis,
Transportation, Regional planning, California, Los
Angeles(California), Orange County(California),
Sludge treatment.
PB81-153132 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Final Facilities Plan/Program and Summary of
Final EIS/EIR, Propossd Sludge Management Pro-
gram for the Los Angeles/Orange County Metro-
politan Araa. Final rept.
LOB Angeles-Orange County Metropolitan Area
Project, Whittier, CA.
Oct80,58p
Grant EPA-C-06-1042-010
Sponsored in part by California State Water Resources
Board, Sacramento, Los Angeles, CA., Los Angeles
County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA., and Orange
County Sanitation Districts, CA.
A proposed program has been selected to serve the
sludge management needs of the City of Los Angeles,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, and Orange
County Sanitation Districts. The proposed program
provides for complete cessation of ocean discharge of
sludge and recovery of useable resources from the
sludge. For the City of Los Angeles, a system of dehy-
dration and thermal processing for volume reduction
and energy recovery has been selected. For the Los
Angeles County Sanitation Districts, a combination of
dehydration and thermal processing for volume reduc-
tion and energy recovery, advanced windrow compost-
ing and recycling, and landfill disposal of sludge has
been selected. Truck transport of dewatered sludge to
ig has Been
Districts.
wool i aoim«ia\j. 11 uon 11 eii iopv/11 vi uanciroi ou j
an offsite location for composting/air drying I
selected for the Orange County Sanitation Dis
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage sludge, Solid
waste disposal, Environmental impacts, Cost analysis,
Facilities management, Regional planning, Los
Angeles(California), Orange County(Callfornia).
PB81-153215 PCA06/MFA01
NPDES Compliance Sampling Inspection Manual.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
May79,155pEPA/MCD-51
This publication offers guidelines for performing
NPDES Compliance Sampling Inspections by State
and Federal Compliance Inspectors.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Manuals, 'Inspection, Law
enforcement, Sampling, Licenses, Industrial wastes,
Sewage, Sites, Water pollution, Guidelines, 'National
pollutant discharge elimination system, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB81-163231 PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Monitoring Guidelines for Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,82p EPA/450/4-80-012
See also report dated May 78, PB-283 696.
Ambient air monitoring guidelines are described for
sources that may be required to monitor the air quality
under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
regulations. Some step-by-step discussion is present-
ed for a source to determine if monitoring will be nec-
essary. Situations where existing air quality and mete-
orological data, modeling, and use of assumed back-
ground concentrations for certain areas may be used
In lieu of monitoring, are shown. If a source must un-
dertake a monitoring program, general guidance Is
given for pollutants to be monitored, number and loca-
tion of monitoring sites, equipment, frequency and du-
ration of sampling, and data reporting. More detailed
guidance is discussed for air quality monitoring probe
citing criteria for various pollutants, meteorological
monitoring, and quality assurance procedures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, Regulations,
Monitoring, Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Sam-
pling, Probes, Sulfur dioxide, Sites, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Lead(Metal), Particles, Quality assur-
ance, 'Air quality, *Alr pollution sampling, 'Prevention
of Significant Deterioration regulations, 'Significant
deterlorationfAir pollution), Total suspended particu-
lates, Numerical solution.
PB81-1S3389 PC A03/MF A01
Radioactive Emissions from Yellowcake Process-
ing Stacks at Uranium Mills. Technical note,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Charles W. Fort, Jr., Richard L Douglas, and William E.
Moore. Oct 80,48p ORP/LV-80-3
A sampling program was undertaken to evaluate the
releases of uranium concentrate from uranium mills.
This concentrate, known as yeltowcake, Is the final
product of the mill. It Is routinely released to the envi-
ronment through stacks which exhaust air from both
the yellowcake drying and packaging operations.
During this study, samples were taken in these stacks
at six mills to evaluate the total yellowcake emission
rates. This paper describes the sampling and analyti-
cal methods used, and presents the results obtained.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Uranium iso-
topes, Environmental impacts, Polonium 210, Radi-
ation hazards, New Mexico, Colorado, 'Uranium mills,
Yellowcake, Thorium 230, Radium 226, Lead 210.
PB81-153496 PC A04/MF A01
Analysis of the Emission Inspection Analyzer.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
William B. Clemmens. Sep 80,66p EPA-AA-IMS-80-5-
A
Recently, there has been more emphasis on checking
the performance of in-use vehicles. This Is occurring
through the Implementation of state inspection and
maintenance (I/M) programs as well as the forthcom-
ing emission repair warranty regulations (207(b)) au-
thorized by the Clean Air Act. Practically all of the I/M
data will be generated by field emission inspection
analyzers (as opposed to laboratory equipment) in
both centralized programs (i.e. central inspection
lanes) and decentralized programs (i.e. inspection
conducted by independent service centers). This data
will affect the consumer through required mainte-
nance, the automobile manufacturer through warranty
claims, the State through emission credits, and the
EPA through its ability to judge the effectiveness of the
individual I/M programs. Obviously, a fundamental
Issue that an I/M program must deal with is the accura-
cy and validity of the test data taken under these pro-
grams. An Inseparable part of that issue is the quality
of trie equipment used to obtain the data. Various state
and trade associations have developed standards to
control the quality of the equipment used, but as yet
there are no nationally accepted minimum standards
for Inspection analyzers. An examination of the data
validity issue should then encompass both - Is the
data generated under present conditions sufficiently
valid, and - Is there a need for minimum quality stand-
ards for Inspection analyzers. The subject of this report
deals with these questions and issues.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Reg-
ulations, Maintenance, Standards, State government.
1014 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-153504 PC A06/MF A01
"•commanded Specifications lor Emission In-
•JMctlon Analyzers. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
fPection and Maintenance Staff.
VVKIlam B. Clemmens. Sep 80, 121p EPA-AA-IMS-80-
5-B
Recently, there has been more emphasis on checking
Jne performance of in-use vehicles. This is occurring
'"rough the implementation of state Inspection ana
maintenance (I/M) programs as well as the forthcom-
JJB emission repair warranty regulations (207(b)) au-
thorized by the Clean Air Act. Practically ail of the I/M
data will be generated by field emission inspection
analyzers (as opposed to laboratory equipment) in
Doth centralized programs (i.e. central inspection
lanes) and decentralized programs (i.e. inspection
conducted by independent service centers). This data
"III affect the consumer through required mainte-
nance, the automobile manufacturer through warranty
claims, the State through emission credits, and the
fPA through its ability to judge the effectiveness of the
individual 1/M programs. Obviously, a fundamental
issue that an I/M program must deal with Is the accura-
°V and validity of the test data taken under these pro-
Bjams. An inseparable part of that issue is the quality
°i the equipment used to obtain the data. Various state
and trade associations have developed standards to
control the quality of the equipment used, but as yet
Were are no nationally accepted minimum standards
'Or inspection analyzers. An examination of the data
validity Issue should then encompass both - Is the
oata generated under present conditions sufficiently
•alia, and -- Is there a need for minimum quality stand-
ards for inspection analyzers. The subject of this report
Oeals with these questions and issues.
Keywords: *Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, *ln-
apection, *Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Reg-
ulations, Maintenance, Standards, State government.
5881-183881 PC A02/MF A01
Summary Report of Several Ambient Carbon Mon-
oxide Studies. Technical rept,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mark Wolcott. Nov 80, 24p EPA-AA-TEB-81-9
The Federal Clean Air Act assigns to the United States
environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the responsi-
bility to promulgate National Ambient Air Quality
standards (NAAQS) regarding carbon monoxide (CO).
«n August 8, 1980 EPA proposed CO standards of 25
Parts per million (ppm) maximum allowable one hour
?xpected concentration level and 9 ppm maximum al-
;°WaDle expected eight hour average concentration
Jfw. In an effort to achieve these standards the Clean
2" Act also assigns to EPA the responsibility to pro-
Wgate regulations regarding the amount of CO new
olS ay, ven'cles may emit from the tailpipe. To prop-
any fulfill this second mandate, it is necessary to un-
Jjjretand the conditions associated with high ambient
JjO concentrations. The five studies summarized in
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report covers the environmental, operational, and
economic aspects of thirteen-fl3) current and devel-
oping technologies as applied to the generation of
electric power, steam generation, and the conversion
of fossil energy into alternative foorms. The following
technologies are addressed: (1) Conventional Bolldr;
(2) Diesel Engine; (3) Fluidized-Bed Combustion; (4)
Combined Cycle Systems; (5) Low/Medlum-Btu Gasifi-
cation; (6) Chemically Active Fluid Bed; (7) Indirect
Coal Liquefaction; (8) High-Btu Gasification; (9) Sur-
face Shale Oil Processing; (10 In situ Shale Oil Proc-
essing; (11) Direct Coal Liquefaction; (12) Fuel Cells;
and (13) Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). the present
status of each technology is discussed along with
prospects for commercial implementation.
Keywords: 'Technology assessment, 'Diesel engines,
"Coal gasification, 'Fuel cells, 'Magnetohydrodyna-
mics, Boilers, Oil shale, Environmental Impacts, Eco-
nomic analysis, Performance, Steam electric power
generation, Reviewing, 'Energy source development,
Coal fired power plants, *Fluidized-bed combustion,
'Combined-cycle power plants, *CAFB process, 'Coal
liquefaction, *l-situ retorting.
PB81-154015 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Review of the Department of Energy's Conserva-
tion and Solar Energy Programs: A Report to the
President and Congress. Final rept.
Calculon Corp., Arlington, VA.
Jan81,80p EPA-600/7-81-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3078
This report summarizes findings and views gathered
during the past year on Section II of the Federal Non-
nuclear Energy Research and Development Act
(Public Law 93-577). Individuals from various sectors
of the government and private industry met In a series
of workshops and a National hearing to review Federal
energy conservation and solar energy programs. The
discussion focused primarily on four key Issues:
energy policy analysis; program evaluation; DOE state
and local assistance programs; research, develop-
ment and application.
Keywords: Legislation, Federal assistance programs,
Government policies, National government, Project
management, Research management, Solar energy,
Planning, 'Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and
Development Act, Energy policy, Energy conservation.
PB81-154064 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effect* on
Vegetation: Spectroradlometry,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL Office
of Natural Resurces.
C. Daniel Saop. Sep 80,54p TVA/ONR-80/11, EPA-
600/7-80-159
Remote measurements of spectral reflectance were
made in a laboratory to study sulfur dioxide (SO2) ef-
fects on the foliage of soybean (Glycine max (I.) Merr.)
and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants. The rela-
tionship between spectral reflectance and foliar Injun/
from S02 was analyzed by separating injury Into Its
components-chlorosis and necrosis-and reflectance
Into bands within the visible and near-infrared spectra.
Results Indicate that, for winter wheat, total visible re-
flectance as well as individual wavelength bands could
be used to distinguish the SO2 effects. Three classes
of chlorosis and four classes of necrosis, based on se-
verity, could be distinguished by their visible reflec-
tance characteristics. These results indicate that
remote sensors that measure visible reflectance may
be able to distinguish moderate to severe Injury to
wheat from low altitudes. Scans of soybeans provided
less positive results. There was no statistically signifi-
cant (alpha = .05) difference among the means of
blue, green, red, or near-Infrared reflectance or the IR/
R ratio when unaffected and chtorotic soybean classes
were compared. However, significant (alpha = .05)
differences in the means of green, red, and near-infra-
red reflectance (but not blue and the IR/R ratio) were
found when unaffected and moderately to severely ne-
crotic soybean classes were compared. Evidently,
unless the SO2 injury to soybeans involves necrosis,
reflectance-measuring remote sensors are not likely to
detect it from even alow-flying (appro*. 500 m above
ground level) airborne platform, the necrosis symptom
is generally associated with severe levels of foliar
Injury, whereas chlorosis usually predominates at mod-
erate and light levels.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Sulfur dioxide, *Spec-
troradlometers, 'Vegetation, Air pollution,
Plants(Botany), Radiation measuring Instruments,
Soybeans, Wheat, *Alr pollution effects(Plants), Gly-
cine max, Triticum aestivum.
PB81-154098 PC A19/MF A01
Conservation and Alternative Fuels In the Trans-
portation Sector. Technical rept.
Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO.
25 Jun 80,439p
This report presents a set of new transportation
energy conservation policy Initiatives. From an energy
efficiency viewpoint trie efforts to Improve the efficien-
cy of automobiles, airplanes and trucks can be most
effective. Likewise, shifting passengers from automo-
biles and airplanes to buses and trains, and shifting
freight from aircraft and trucks to trains (and where
practical, marine or pipeline modes) will provide the
largest energy savings.
Keywords: Aircraft, Automobiles, Trucks, Buses, Rail
transportation, Motor vehicles, Automotive fuels, Rec-
ommendations, 'Energy conservation, 'Transporta-
tion sector.
PB61-164320 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Testing to Determine ths Presence or Ab-
sence of Sulfur Dloxfds Emissions from Old In
situ OH Shsle Field-Sites.
Science Applications, Inc., East Brunswick, NJ.
Dec 80,28p EPA-600/7-80-182
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Laramle,
WY. Laramle Energy Technology Center.
One of the major technology needs In the develop-
ment of the oil shale industry Is to adopt and develop
methods for controlling the release of pollutants to the
environment. Large quantities of sulfur dioxide may be
generated from oil shale retorting operations. Sulfur di-
oxide is a pollutant when released to the atmosphere
and must be controlled when concentrations exceed
legal standards. This project was a brief field testing
effort to determine If sulfur dioxide emissions were
being released from old (In situ) oil shale sites.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Oil shale, 'In situ combus-
tion, Sampling, Sites, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Field tests, Sulfur dioxide, technology, Organ-
ic compounds, Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB81-154462 Not available NTIS
Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.
Certification of Clinical and Environmental Trace
Organic RM's. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
H. S. Hertz. 1980,8p
Sponsored In part by Food and Drug Administration,
Washington, DC., National Institutes of Health, Be-
thesda.MD., Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC., and Department of Energy, Washington,
Pub. In Proceedings of International Symposium on the
Production and Use of Reference Materials, Bunde-
sanstalt fuer Materialpruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germa-
ny, November 13-16, 1979, Paper in Production and
Use of Reference Materials, p393-3981980.
The United States National Bureau of Standards has
recently issued Its first Standard Reference Material
(SRM) for trace organic analysis (an RM for anticonvul-
sant drugs in serum). During the coming year, three ad-
ditional trace organic SRMs will be Issued: generator
columns for producing saturated aqueous solutions of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, a shale oil certi-
fied for several toxic organic compounds, and human
serum certified for normal clinical analytes. The meth-
ods used for the accurate and precise trace organic
analyses required for the certifications of these materi-
als form the basis for this paper. The methods of great-
est current utility Include capillary column gas chroma-
tography, high performance liquid chromatography,
and isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Trace elements,
'Chemical analysis, Standards, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Shale oil, Blood serum, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Environmental surveys,
Reprints, 'Foreign technology, 'Standard reference
materials.
PB81-1S5061 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnatl,
OH.
Hydrologlc Impacts from Potential Coal Strip
Mining - Northern Cheysnne Reservation. Volume
I. Final rept. Jun 75-Dec 79,
Northern Cheyenne Research Project, Lame Deer,
MT.
William W. Woessner, Thomas J. Osborne, Edward L.
Heffern, Charles Andrews, and Jason Whlteman. Feb
81,322p EPA-600/7-81-004A
Grant EPA-R-803566
See also Volume 2, PB81 -161960.
This report presents the results of a large scale hydro-
logic study performed on the Northern Cheyenne Res-
ervation. Data from surface water monitoring, ground-
water monitoring, and geologic profiles is combined to
estimate potential disruptions from future coal mine
development on the reservation.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Hydrology, 'Water pollution,
Monitoring, Surface waters, Ground water, Aquifers,
HydrogeoTogy, Environmental Impacts, Montana,
Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation.
PB8M65145 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Reuse and Rtcycls of Wastswstsrs •
Literature Rsvlsw. Final rept.,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada,
OK.
John E. Matthews. Dec 80,21 Op* EPA-600/2-80-183
A review of the literature on reuse/recycle of
wastewaters by industry is presented In this report.
The principal time period reviewed was 1967-1978. A
total of 912 references are cited. Since the literature
on reuse/recycle is voluminous, It was Impossible to
include all references on the subject; however, an at-
tempt was made to include the most prominent for
nine different Industrial categories. In addition, the
report includes sections on industrial use of municipal
wastewater, reclamation processes, and economics of
water reuse/recycle.
Keywords: 'Industrial water, 'Waste water reuse, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Reviews, Food processing,
Textile Industry, Petroleum Industry, Chemical Industry,
Iron and steel industry. Metal finishing, Electrodlalysls,
Flocculating, Filtration, Clarification, Paper industry,
Cost analysis, Water reclamation, Leather industry,
Reverse osmosis.
PB81-165202 PC A08/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Engi-
neering and Applied Science.
Abstracts of Technical Papsrs and Postsr Presen-
tations, Water Reuse Symposium Held at Wash-
ington, DC. on March 25-30,1979,
American Water Works Association Research Foun-
dation, Denver, CO.
Wllfiam J. Cooper. 1979,156pNSF/RA-790555
Grant NSF-PFR78-21313
Sponsored In part by Office of Water Research and
Technology, Wshington, DC., Army Medical Research
and Development Command, Washington, DC., Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and
Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC.
This document consists of 150 abstracts of technical
papers and poster presentations dealing with the topic
of water reuse. Titles include: Applied science and Its
role In addressing problems relating to renovation and
reuse of water; Department of Defense involvement In
water reuse; The President's national water policy in
relation to water reuse; Reclamation of secondary ef-
fluent for high-quality Industrial reuse In Saudi Arabia;
and Hygienic aspects of the dispersion of the enteric
bacteria and viruses by sprinkled irrigation of
wastewater.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Water conservation,
'Meetings, Abstracts, Government policies, Public
health, Bacteria, Viruses, Industrial water, Irrigation,
Water reclamation.
1016 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-155251 PC A99/MF A01
Soil Biology as Related to Land Use Practices:
Proceedings ol the International Soil Zoology Col-
loquium (7th) of the International Society of Soil
Selene* (ISSS) Held at Syracuse, New York on
July 29-August 3,1979, Daniel L. /Dindal
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1980,698p EPA-560/13-80-038
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York
at Syracuse. Con. of Environmental Science and For-
estry.
Partial contents:
Influence of pesticides on soil organisms;
Human waste disposal and soil organisms;
Anthrophilic relationships of soil organisms;
Relationships of soil organisms to agronomic
practices and animal wastes;
Influence of mining site modification and
rehabilitation or soil organisms;
effects of silvicultural practices on soil organisms;
Human impact on tropical soil ecology;
Basic soil ecology:
Nutrient cycling, microorganism-faunal
relationships, feeding and reproductive
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Invertebrates, 'Soils,
Meetings, Insecticides, Toxicity, Humus, Cultivation,
Waste disposal, Herbicides, Mites, Arthropods, Soil
compacting, Nematoda, Mining, Grassland, Forestry,
Forest fires, Ecology, Reproduction(Biology), Earth-
worms, Deserts, Arctic regions, Tropical regions.
£681-165269 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Sol-
vent Cleaning Operations In the State of Illinois,
GCA Corp., Bedford. MA. GCA Technology Drv.
Malcolm W. Petroccia, William K. Glynn, and Andrea
M. Kiddie. Jan 81, 91 p EPA-905/4-BO-008
Contract EPA-68-02-3510
This report provides data on solvent cleaning equip-
ment and emissions for nine counties in two urban oxi-
pant nonattainment areas near Chicago and East St.
Louis, Illinois. A telephone survey of over 500 facilities
'n 12 SIC categories was performed in a representative
sample area to obtain data that was projected to the
nine counties. The purpose of this study is to provide
jufflcient data for a determination of equivalency be-
ween the presumptive norm of U.S. EPA's solvent
"total cleaning CTG document and lEPA's Rule
Keywords: 'Solvent cleaning, 'Air pollution control, Illi-
nois, Organic compounds, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, fables(Data),
^oncentration(Composition), 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, SIC 75.
pBBI-155293 PC A99/MF A01
'noustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
electrostatic Preclpltator Technology Assess-
ment Visits In Japan, November 1977 - Appendl-
«e». Final rept. Nov 77-Apr 78,
J[0uthem Research Inst, Birmingham, AL
5*ady B. Nichols. Jun 78,700p EPA-600/7-78-110A
Contract EPA-68-02-2610
See also PB-298 389.
^he report gives results of a paniculate control tech-
nology assessment visit to Japan by a team of U.S. in-
vestigators. The visit included discussions with per-
fonnel from universities, industries, and other major In-
stallations involved with paniculate control. Significant
research activities were noted in both the academic
•nd Industrial sectors related to paniculate control and
[Measurements. The report summarizes results of the
'"dividual discussions, observations during the tour,
and discussions of technical papers. Many valuable
technical papers supplied to the U.S. team are repro-
duced In the Appendix of the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
JHatic precipitatora, 'Particles, Assessments, Technol-
ogy, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Foreign
wchnology, 'Japan.
PB81-155327 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Emissions from Motor Vehi-
cles Designed for Low NOx Emissions. Final rept.
Mar 77-Jun 80,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Lawrence R. Smith. Aug 80,545p EPA-600/2-80-176
Contract EPA-68-02-2497
Tailpipe emissions were characterized for four ad-
vanced low NOx catalyst equipped passenger cars
under a variety of cyclic driving conditions. All of the
vehicles had three-way catalysts, three with feedback
carburetors and exhaust gas recirculation, and two
with oxidation catalysts following the three-way cata-
lysts. The emission rates of several unregulated pollut-
ants including aldehydes, organic amines, sulfur diox-
ide, nitrous oxide, several individual hydrocarbons (in-
cluding benzene), hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, organic
sulfides, nickel carbonyl, ammonia, sulfate, trace
metals, and N-nitrosodimenthylamine were deter-
mined. Additionally, the emission rates of the regulated
pollutants, total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
oxides of nitrogen were determined along with carbon
dioxide and oxygen. Using three test fuels of varying
sulfur content, the emissions were examined at an ini-
tial mileage and at 5,000-mile intervals to 15,000 miles.
Using a toxicity criteria, the most significant emissions
were the currently regulated pollutants; sulfate was the
most significant unregulated pollutant. Using commut-
er exposure models, exposures less than 0.07 OSHA
8-hour Threshold Limit values are projected for typical
congested freeway situations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Al-
dehydes, Amines, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfur,
Cyanides, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Metals, Trace
elements, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB81-155426 PC A99/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, Ml.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Urban Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflow
Impact on Receiving Water Bodies, Proceedings
of the National Conference Held at Orlando, Flori-
da on November 26-28,1979,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Coll. of Engi-
neering.
Yousef A. Yousef, Martin P. Wanielista, Waldron M.
McLellon, and James S. Taylor. Dec 80,674p EPA-
600/9-80-056
GrantEPA-R-806715
The conference provided a forum for researchers,
practitioners and others to receive an update on the
state-of-the-art and to learn about res—»rch findings
dealing with Stormwater Impact. The main topical
areas considered included: Combined sewer overflow
costs vs. benefits; impacts on lakes, rivers and estu-
aries; ecological response to Stormwater and method-
ologies for Stormwater impact assessment; and storm-
water management through the use of receiving water
quality models for planning and abatement methodolo-
gy-
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Runoff, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Urban areas, 'Meetings, Overflows, Streams,
Environmental Impacts, Cost effectiveness, Mathe-
matical models, Ecology, Stream flow, Benthos,
Aquatic biology, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Rainfall,
'Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB81-186517 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Effect of Ambient Temperature and Driving Cycle
on Exhaust Emissions. Final rept,
Department of Energy, Bartlesvllle, OK. Bartlesvllle
Energy Technology Center.
W. F. Marshall. Jun 80, 75p EPA-460/3-80-012
Data on exhaust emissions were obtained from two ve-
hicle fleets (1970 and 1979 model-year) operating over
a range of ambient temperatures. The work Is provid-
ing a baseline against which current-production vehi-
cles can be compared, thus enabling a more complete
assessment of automotive emissions reduction
achievements. The baseline fleet represented the
1970 MY nationwide mix. The 37 cars were tested at
25, 75, and 100 F over the urban Federal Test Proce-
dure, Highway Fuel Economy Test, and New York City
Cycle. Both temperature and driving cycle were found
to have significant effects on exhaust emissions. The
conditions which yielded the greatest adverse effects
on emissions were (1) low temperature-urban driving
cycle, and (2) high temperature-New York City driving
cycle. The data also Indicate that the use of air condi-
tioners causes Increased emission levels. These re-
sults apply directionally to both fleets. However, the In-
fluences of temperature and driving cycle on emission
rates of the current model-year fleet were significantly
less than on those of the baseline fleet.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution control equipment, Air con-
ditioners, Performance evaluation, Test equipment,
Test facilities.
PB81-155574 PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Mutagenlatlc Testing of Industrial Wastes from
Representative Organic Chemical Industries. Final
rept. 17 Apr 79-17 Apr 80,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada.
Susan Stinnett, Don Noble, Elmer Brown, and Harry
Love. Jan 81,33p EPA-600/2-81 -007
Grant EPA-R-806557
The general applicability of the Ames test for screen-
ing wastewater samples was investigated. Application
of the Ames test to raw and treated wastewaters from
representative organic chemical industries involved
the investigation of several problems: (1) the feasibility
of using the Ames test to detect mutagens In
wastewater samples; (2) the relative effectiveness of
various waste treatment processes; (3) the mechanics
of establishing an Ames testing program; and (4) the
economics of using the test in routine environmental
screening. Sample results were analyzed on the basis
of relative increases in revertant colonies on test
plates as compared to control spontaneous reversion
plates. For a sample to be scored 'positive', six repli-
cate test plates gave an average count of at least
twice the control value. Of 46 samples provided, 6
were interpreted as positive, 22 were interpreted as
negative, and 18 were not tested.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Water pollution, 'Industrial
wastes, Bioassay, Methodology, Carcinogens, Salmo-
nella, Procedures, Organic compounds, Ames test.
PB81-156168 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Analysis of Reporting Forms, Proposed
Rule Section 8(a) of TSCA (Toxic Substances
Control Act) for Commercial and Industrial Uses
of Asbestos. Support document,
Young (Arthur) and Co., Washington, DC.
Susan Wright, Katherine Douglass, and Philip Mathlas.
Dec 80,40p EPA-560/4-81-001
Contract EPA-68-01-3930
The study presents the estimated cost to the various
segments of the asbestos industry of the proposed
TSCA section 8(a) rule reporting commercial and in-
dustrial use of asbestos. The economic impacts of the
proposed rule are examined for the primary processing
segment of the industry. Gross profits of firms by size
are examined and the percent impact of the proposed
rule determined. For primary processors in the size
range of 11 to 30 employees, the economic impact is
seen to be roughly 0.1% of gross profits. Impacts are
greater for firms of less than 10 employees but these
are not required to report under the proposed rule.
Keywords: 'Reporting, 'Utilization, 'Asbestos, Eco-
nomic impact, Cost estimates, Regulations, Industrial
plants, Commercial buildings, Government policies,
'Toxic Substances Control Act, Environment protec-
tion.
PB81-166287 PC A04/MF A01
The Anns Teat Curve Fitting Program. A User's
Guide,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vic Hasselbald, Andy Stead, John Creason, and
Violette Kasica. Sep 80,60p EPA-600/2-80-184
December 1983 1017
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Ames Test Curve Fitting program is a Fortran pro-
gram which fits a nonlinear dose-response curve to
count (Poisson) data. The program was written specifi-
cally for analyzing Ames test data, although it is possi-
ble that the program could have other applications.
The curve fitted is of the form (a+exp(b+clogX)exp(-
dx)) where a, b, c and d are parameters to be estimat-
ed. If the parameter d is very near zero, then d is
dropped from the model, and a reduced model is fitted.
Tests of goodness-of-fit and for the significance of the
parameters are made using likelihood ratio tests. The
program has optional graphics capability for producing
plots of the data and the estimated curve.
Keywords: "Curve fitting, 'Computer programs, Statis-
tical analysis, Programming manuals, Fortran, Maxi-
mum likelihood estimation, UNIVAC-1110 computers,
Parameter estimation, Goodness of fit tests, Likeli-
hood ratio tests.
PB81-156564 PC A05/MF A01
Economic Impacts of 40 CFR 191: Environmental
Standards and Federal Radiation Protection Guid-
ance for Management and Disposal of Spent Nu-
clear Fuel, Hlgn-Level and Transuranlc Radioac-
tive Wastes,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Andrew J. Leiter. Dec 80, 94p EPA-520/4-80-014
This report estimates the potential economic impacts
of EPA's proposed standards and guidance for the
management and disposal of spent fuel, high-level,
and transuranic radioactive wastes. The economic
analysis assumes that the standards and guidance will
have an incremental effect on the reference waste
management programs that are assumed to take
place in the future. Both commercial and defense
waste management programs are covered. For the
commercial sector, the impact of the standards on
electricity rates is investigated.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, Radioactive wastes,
Standards, Transuranium elements, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, 'Radioactive waste management,
High-level radioactive wastes, Spent fuels.
PB81-156689 PC A07/MF A01
Aquaculture Systems for Wastewater Treatment:
An Engineering^Assessment. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jun 80,135p EPA-430/9-80-007, EPA/MCD-68
This publication contains the results of an effort to
assess the current status of aquaculture technologies
for wastewater treatment. The assessment includes
an overview and individual engineering assessments
covering various wastewater aquaculture systems in-
volving wetlands processes, aquatic plant processes,
and combined aquatic processes.
Keywords: 'Marshes, 'Sewage treatment, 'Aquacul-
ture, Ponds, Aquatic plants, Removal, Metals, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Biochemical oxygen demand, Waste
water, Minnows, Shellfish, Carp, wetlands.
PB81-156697 PC A09/MF A01
Bacteriological Methods In Water Quality Control
Programsilnstructor's Guide,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Rocco Russomanno. Sep 80,184p EPA-430/1-80-015
This manual is designed for use by instructors who will
have to teach others how to perform analyses for bac-
teriological parameters. It is to be used in conjunction
with the training manual bearing the same title (EPA-
430/1-80-004). It includes topics related to the presen-
tation of training courses in which the analyses would
be taught. These topics include: the course descrip-
tion, personnel needed to conduct the training, the
course agenda, a milestones list for planning and pre-
paring the course, instructional resources available to
support the instruction and a list of equipment and
supply requirements. Also included are Instructional
Package Worksheets (lesson plans) giving details rela-
tive to presenting instruction regarding each of the
analyses coveredin the associated student reference
manual.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water quality, 'Bacteriology,
Conform bacteria, Specialized training, Education, En-
vironment, Microbiology, Streptococcus, 'Water pollu-
tion control.
PB81-156705 PC A21/MF A01
Aquaculture Systems for Wastewater Treatment:
Seminar Proceedings and Engineering Assess-
ment. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Sep 79,490p EPA-430/9-80-006, EPA/MCD-67
This publication contains an engineering assessment
and the proceedings of a seminar held at the Universi-
ty of California-Davis on September 11-12, 1979, on
the use of aquatic systems for the treatment of munici-
pal wastewater. Case studies drawn from throughout
the United States are used to illustrate the engineer-
ing, design, operation, and management of various
wastewater aquaculture systems, including projects in-
volving wetlands processes, aquatic plant processes,
and combined aquatic processes.
Keywords: 'Marshes, 'Sewage treatment, 'Aquacul-
ture, 'Meetings, Waste water, Municipalities, Aquatic
plants, Aquatic animals, Lagoons(Ponds), Ecology,
Energy, Economic analysis, Wetlands.
PB81-1S6762 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Effects of Western Coal Combus-
tion. Part IV. Chemical and Physical Characteris-
tics of Coal Fly Ash. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
David F. S. Natusch, and David R. Taylor. Nov 80,
218pEPA-600/3-80-093
Grant EPA-R-803950
See also Part 3, PB81-113615.
Coal fly ashes from different sources were extensively
studied. Fly ash consists of as many as 12 different
particle types, made up mainly of Si, Al, Ca, K, Na, and
Fe. Many p potentially volatile trace elements (As, Se,
Ga, In, Pb, Cd) are always preferentially associated
with more respirable particles. Marry other minor and
trace elements may also show an inverse particle size
dependence, depending on the coal fly ash. Elements
showing no dependence include Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Fe, K,
Mg, Rb, Sc, Si, Ta, Ti, and the rare earths. Many of the
more volatile and potentially hazardous trace elements
are surface associated. Most potentially hazardous in-
organic species in fly ash can be leached into aqueous
solution but are unlikely to give rise to solution concen-
trations of great concern. The physical and chemical
characteristics and behavior of polycyclic organic
matter (POM) associated with coal fly ash was also
studied. Theoretical models show that adsorption of
POM on coal fly ash will occur in seconds in a typical
emission stream and that the process is highly temper-
ature dependent. Surface-adsorbed POM is highly re-
active to some nitrogen and sulfur oxides at levels ex-
pected to be found in power plumes. It was found that
some POM absorbed on fly ash are stabilized aganist
photochemical decomposition, while other com-
pounds decompose readily upon adsorption. Although
fly ash emitted to the atmosphere contains much more
POM than precipitator ash, there is an insufficient
amount to make a discernible impact on any terrestrial
aquatic system.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Physical properties, 'Chemical
properties, 'Air pollution, Particles, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Trace elements, Metals, Organ-
ic compounds, Density(Mass/volume), Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Plumes, Electric power plants,
Surfaces, Mass, Coal combustion, Chemical composi-
tion.
PB81-156887 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
RACT (Reasonably Available Control Technology)
Determination for Five Industry Categories In
Florida,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Ron L. Hawks, Steve P. Schlesser, Don L Loudin, and
Edwin A. Pfetzing. Nov 80,207p PN-3450-18, EPA-
904/9-81-067
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
Section 172(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act as amended
August 1977, requires that SIP revisions 'provide for
the implementation of all reasonably available control
measures as expeditiously as practicable.' The use of
HACT for stationary sources is defined as the lowest
emission limit that a particular source is capable of
meeting by the application of control technology that Is
reasonably available considering technological and
economic feasibility. The purpose of this report has
been to identify control techniques that best represent
RACT for particular emission sources in TSP nonat-
tainment areas in the State of Florida. These sources
include phosphate process operations; portlana
cement plants; electric arc furnaces; sweat or pot fur-
naces; materials handling, sizing, screening, crushing,
and grinding operations.
Keywords: 'Florida, 'Air pollution control, Particles,
Regulations, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Standards, Grinding(Material remov-
al), Crushing, Size screening, Sizing(Surface treat-
ment), Inorganic phosphates, Portland cement, Elec-
tric arc furnaces, Pot furnaces, Materials handling,
'Reasonably available control technology, 'Total sus-
pended particulates, 'State Implementation Plans,
'Air pollution abatement, Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1977, Stationary sources.
PB81-156945 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Processing Sludge: Sludge Characterization Stud-
ies. Final rept. Mar 75-Jun 77,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
J. L. Crowe, and S. K. Seale. May 80, 94p TVA-EDT-
109, EPA-600/7-80-100
The report gives results of slurry and solids character-
ization studies of 167 samples from the TVA/Shawnee
turbulent contact absorber and venturi-spray tower
scrubbing systems. It summarizes the range of varia-
bility of solids and correlation of this variability with
plant operating conditions. It gives regression models
characterizing settled solids and bulk density as func-
tions of calcium sulfite solids and solids recirculated.
Keywords: 'Sludge, Gas scrubbing, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Calcium, Sulfites, Calcium
carbonates, Calcium oxides, Gypsum, Analyzing, Sta-
tionary sources, Pollution control, Calcium sulfites.
PB81-156986 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Emission Inventories for Urban Airshed Model
Application In Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Sep 80,268p EPA-450/4-80-021
Contract EPA-68-02-2584
This report describes the detailed development of a
spatially and temporally resolved inventory for the
Tulsa urban area. Hourfy emission rates of paraffins,
oleflns, aromatics, carbonyls and ethylene, as well as
NO, NO2, CO, SOx and paniculate, were all estimated
for each of 1550 (2 km square) grid cells comprising a
124 km by 50 km grid overlying Tulsa. The preparation
of an Urban Airshed modelers tape is described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, In-
ventories, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Sulfur oxides, Particles, Alkene hy-
drocarbons, Aromatic compounds, Alkanes, Carbonyl
compounds, Computer programming, Computer pro-
grams, Burning, Combustion products, Oklahoma,
Spatial distribution, Sources, Exhaust emissions, In-
dustrial wastes, Tulsa(Oklahoma), Point sources, Tem-
poral factors.
PB81-157133 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Llmnologlcal Survey of Lafayette Reservoir,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
momas C. Ginn, Thomas M. Grieb, Donald B.
Porcella, and Marc W. Lorenzen. Feb 81,127p EPA-
600/3-81-009
Grant EPA-R-805672-01-2
Lafayette Reservoir is located in Lafayette, California,
approximately 20 miles east of San Francisco. The
reservoir is an emergency standby water supply and
recreational facility. The purpose of the project was to
monitor selected chemical and biological characteris-
tics of the reservoir in order to evaluate limnological
conditions before the implementation of restoration
1018 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
measures (hypolimnetic aeration in conjunction with
alum treatment). These studies were conducted for a
Period of 15 months from April 1978 to June 1979.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lafayette Reservoir,
Monitoring, Nutrients, Runoff, Oxygen. Dissolved
Qases, ConcentrationtComposition), Phosphorus, Ni-
frogen, Alkalinity, Temperature, pH, ~
ette(Califorriia). Water quality data.
California,
£881-187141 PCA04/MFA01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Aerosol Analysis (or the Regional Air Pollution
Study. Final rept,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
J' M, Jaklevic, R. C. Garti, F. S. Goulding, B. W. Loo,
8nd A. C. Thompson. Feb 81, 54p EPA-600/4-81-006
Contract EPA-79-D-X071 2
See also PB-285 681.
Beginning in May 1975 and continuing through April
'»' ', a total of 35,000 individual ambient aerosol sam-
ples were collected at ten selected sampling sites in
jjj- Louis, as part of the Regional Air Pollution Study
(HAPS). The samples consisted of membrane filters
°n which the coarse and fine paniculate fractions were
collected separately using automatic dichotomous air
samplers. The samples were returned to Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) for analysis following col-
lection at the field sites. Mass concentrations were de-
Wfmined by a beta-particle attenuation method. This
[squired measurement of tare weights for each individ-
ual filter before being sent to the field sites and subse-
quent measurement on their return. Elemental analysis
°i the partlculate samples was performed for 27 ele-
ments using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence
analysis. Optimal sensitivities were obtained using
Pulsed excitation, and automated data handling was
employed to facilitate the 35,000 data sets. This report
oiscusses In detail the procedures used in the aerosol
y mpling and analysis, and in data processing and val-
uation.
'Aerosols, 'Gas analysis, Air pollution,
Campling, Chemical analysis, X ray fluorescence,
™«lght(Mass), Humidity, Laboratory equipment,
J^sign criteria, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution
Detection, Saint Louis(Missouri), Regional air pollution
Study.
£881-157638 PC A14/MF A01
"••derai Activities In Toxic Substances. Toxics Inte-
gration Information series,
{=jvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
VJce of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Judith Coiie, Elaine Schosman, and Kathryn Slike. May
B°. 319p EPA-560/13-80-015
Contents:
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC);
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ);
Department of Agriculture (DOA);
Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS);
Department of Labor (DOL);
Department of Transportation (DOT);
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);
National Toxicology Program (NTP).
Bywords; 'Toxicology, National government, 'Feder-
al government, 'Toxic substances, Consumer Product
safety Commission, Council on Environmental Quality,
"apartment of Agriculture, Department of Health and
yuman Services, Department of Labor, Department of
iranspprtation, Environmental Protection Agency, Na-
•°nal Toxicology Program.
£881-167687 PC A19/MF A01
w"ter Resource* Data for Washington, Water
J«ar 1979. Volume 1. Western Washington. Water-
<5*fc rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
t 80, 448p USGS-WRD-HD-80-010, USGS-WRD-
f«e also Volume 2 for Water Year 1679, PB81-
167695.
]J[ater Resources data for the 1979 water year for
••ashlngton consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground-water wells. This report in
two volumes contains records for water discharge at
237 gaging stations; stage only at 5 gaging stations;
stage and contents at 43 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality at 135 gaging stations (including 6 lakes and
reservoirs) and 100 wells; and water levels at 164 ob-
servations wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
'Washington(State), Water quality, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs,
Water wells, Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, DischargefWater), Water
levels, Western Reglon(Washington).
PB8MS769S PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Washington, Water
Year 1979. Volume 2. Eastern Washington. Water-
data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Div.
Oct 80,328p USGS-WRD-HD-80-011, USGS-WRD-
WA-79-2
See also Volume 1 for Water Year 1979, PB81-
157687, and Volume 1 for Water Year 1978, PB80-
193402.
Water Resources data for the 1979 water year for
Washington consist of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage; contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground-water wells. This report in
two volumes contains records for water discharge at
237 gaging stations; stage only at 5 gaging stations;
stage and contents at 43 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality at 135 gaging stations (including 6 lakes and
reservoirs) and 100 wells; and water levels at 164 ob-
servations wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
•Washinaton(State), Water quality, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs,
Water wells, Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, DischargefWater), Water
levels, Eastern RegionfWashington).
PB81-157760 PC A04/MF A01
Interim Guidance for Visibility Monitoring. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 80, 73p EPA-450/2-80-082
This report is designed to summarize the substantial
information available regarding visibility monitoring
methods presently in use. It does not specify a refer-
ence method, but recommends measures for Interim
visibility monitoring.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Aerosols, Moni-
toring, Sources, Laboratory equipment, Nephelo-
meters, Particles, Telephotometers.
PB81-157778 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
Oil Field In the Northwestern Quit of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume I. Investigations of Surflclal
Sediments, Suspended Partlculstes and Volatile
Hydrocarbons at Buccaneer Qas and OH Field,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
J. M. Brooks, E. L. Estes, D. A. Wlesenburg, C. R.
Schwab, and H. A. Abdel-Rehelm. Nov 80,129p
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-47, NOAA-80123104
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation
with Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of
Oceanography.
The objectives of the report were (1) to Identify and
document the types and extent of biological, chemical
and physical alterations of the marine ecosystem as-
sociated with Buccaneer Qas and Oil field, (2) to deter-
mine specific pollutants, their quantity and effects, and
(3) to develop the capability to describe and predict
fate and effects of Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field con-
taminants. This report describes the results of a four-
year study of the surflclal sediments, suspended par-
ticulate material and volatile organic hydrocarbons
around the structures.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Ecology, 'Water
pollution, Mexico Gulf, Sediments, Environmental Im-
pacts, Hydrocarbons, Chlorophylls, Biomass, Particle
size, Nutrients, Carbon compounds, Brines, Calcium
carbonates, Clay minerals, Oil wells, 'Outer continen-
tal shelves, Bioindicators.
PB81-1S7794 PC A03/MF A01
Acid Rain.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jul 80,40p EPA-600/9-79-036
Acid precipitation has become one of the major envi-
ronmental problems of this decade. It is a challenge to
scientists throughout the world. Researchers tram
such diverse disciplines as plant pathology, soil sci-
ence, bacteriology, meteorology and engineering are
investigating different aspects of acid precipitation.
Despite some unknowns, the preponderance of our
evidence to date points to the need to control the
emissions of acid-forming sulfur and nitrogen com-
pounds. Given the potential for damage from acid pre-
cipitation, prudence dictates that we act soon to avoid
far more serious problems In the future. EPA's regula-
tory standards for new power plants and motor vehi-
cles are a major step in the right direction. Further
steps may be required in the near future. This back-
ground document tells what we know - and don't know
- about acid precipitation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, pH, Acids,
Transport properties, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Marine atmospheres, Ecosystems, Soils,
Plants(Botany), Vegetation, Public health, Exhaust
system, Sources, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, 'Acid rain.
PB81-1S7810 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Review of Standards of Performance for New Sta-
tionary Sources - Ferroalloy Production Facilities.
Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. W. Gerstle, W. F. Kemner, and L. V. Yerino. Dec 80,
98pPN-3450-10, EPA-450/3-80-41 , .
In 1979, ferroalloy production was 1.6 Tg (1,830,000
tons), which represents a 21.5% decline since 1971.
The number of electric, submerged-arc furnaces has
also decreased from a total of 158 to 89 for ferroalloys
and 7 for calcium carbide. No new furnaces have been
built since 1974, and none are subject to the NSPS.
Tests made to determine compliance with state regu-
lations showed paniculate emission rates in the range
of 0.07 to 0.2 kg/MW-h (0.10 to 0.44 Ib/MW-h). Fabric
filter control systems are widely used on open type fur-
naces, and high-pressure-drop scrubbers are used on
semlsealed and closed furnaces. Flares are used to
reduce CO emissions. Limited organic emissions data
showed a range of 0.15 to 0.29 kg/MW-h (0.33 to 0.63
Ib/MW-h) prior to the flare. Because of lack of growth
and an absence of new technology, no changes in the
NSPS are recommended.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Air pollution,
'Regulations, Standards, Reviews, Iron alloys, Parti-
cles, Furnaces, Monitoring, 'New source performance
standards, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB81-157851 PC A08/MF A01
Ethylene Olbromlde: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
1980,158pEPA/SPRD-81/74
This document determines what regulatory actions
EPA should take under FIFRA to change the current
use patterns of pesticides containing EDB. Included
are discussions about the risks and benefits of the
pesticidal uses of EDB, and explanations about the ra-
tionale for the Agency's proposed final decision. This
document is written in five chapters. Chapter I is this In-
troductory section. Chapter II summarizes and evalu-
ates the comments received on the RPAR, evaluates
the potential health risks of EDB, and briefly describes
the laboratory evidence of toxiclty, available exposure
data, available epidemiology data and the Agency's re-
vised risk assessment. Chapter III summarizes the
use-by-use economic benefits of EDB and the as-
sumptions and limits of these estimates. Chapter IV
December 1983 1019
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
describes!
of risks. Chapter V evaluates the risks and benefits
and adverse Impacts of each possible action for each
of the nine general categories of the registered uses of
EDB, and selects the regulatory action the Agency Is
proposing for each use.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Benefit cost
analysis, Insecticides, Exposure, Humans,
Reproductlon(Blology), Risk, Epidemiology, Assess-
ments. 'Ethylene/dTbromo, Health risks, Benefits, En-
vironmental health, Mutagenesls, Oncogenesls,
'Toxic substances.
PB81-157889 PC A06/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey-1979.
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
May 80,102pEPA-330/1 -80-001
The National Enforcement Investigations Center In-
spected 2,499 vehicles for tampering with emission
control devices. Ail vehicles inspected were classified
Into one of four mutually exclusive categories: tam-
pered (at least one control device removed or ren-
dered Inoperative), arguably tampered (potential, but
not clear-cut tampering, malfunctioning, and OK (all
control devices present and apparently operating
properly). The results were: tampered-18.0% arguably
tampered-46.5%, malfunctlonlng-2.2%, and OK-
33.3%.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Alr pollution control equip-
ment, Inspection, Exhaust emissions, Data acquisition,
Surveys, Tampering.
PB81 -1S7877 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Forecasts of the Quality and Composition of Solid
Watte. Final rapt.,
International Research and Technology Corp.,
McLean, VA.
Ralph M. Doggett, Mary K. O'Farrell, and Andrea L
Watson. May 80,171pEPA-600/5-BO-001
Contract EPA-68-03-2649
Projections of the quantity and composition of solid
waste Involving 14 materials In 21 product categories
are made to 1990 under five different scenarios. Re-
sults of the scenarios are compared with other studies,
Including the EPA Annual Reports to Congress on Re-
source Recovery and Waste Reduction, and projec-
tions by Midwest Research Institute In Base Line Fore-
casts of Resource Recovery, 1972-1990, prepared for
trA.
Keywords: Refuse, Scrap, Recycling, Reclamation,
Materials recovery, Scenarios, Forecasting, 'Solid
wastes, Solid waste disposal.
PB81-167885 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Workbook for Estimating Visibility Impairment,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Douglas A. Latimer, and Robert Q. Ireson. Nov 80,
392p EPA-450/4-80-031
Contract EPA-68-02-0337
This workbook Is designed to provide three screening
procedures to assist In determining the potential Im-
pacts of an emissions source on a Federal Class I
area's visibility. It does not address the cumulative im-
pacts of multiple sources on regional haze. A level-1
analysis Involves a series of conservative screening
tests to eliminate sources with little potential for visibili-
ty Impairment during hypothetical worst-case meteoro-
logical conditions. If Impairment Is Indicated, a more re-
source Intensive level-2 analysis Is warranted. If both
analyses Indicate Impairment, a level-3 analysis using
a plume visibility model should be used. Two example
applications are provided; for a coal-fired power plant
and a cement plant
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Handbooks,
Plumes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Elec-
tric power plants, Cements, Sources, Nitrogen oxides,
Atmospheric diffusion, Sulfates, Mathematical models,
Coal fired power plants, Numerical solution.
PB81-157901 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Development of a Protocol for Testing Effects of
Toxic Substances on Plants. Final rapt.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
C. Ray Thompson, Gerrit Kats, Philip Dawson, and
Denise Doyle. Feb81,45pEPA-600/3-81-006
Grant EPA-R-806270
This study was designed to devise a rapid, simple, re-
producible bioassay procedure to determine effects of
so-called 'toxic substances in the environment' on
vegetation and provide a standardized procedure for
evaluation and comparison of effects of diverse com-
pounds. Eight different plant species were grown and
evaluated for speed of growth, e.g., rapid production of
leaf tissue, uniformity within the particular cultivar,
plant habitus, e.g., structural characteristics that make
It suitable for this particular application, and the poten-
tial for high ethylene production when exposed to mild
stress. Of the varieties grown In the growth chambers,
pink kidney beans and cucumbers were selected as
most suitable. Seven compounds were tested by the
procedure devised: two organic herbicides: Paraquat
and Endothall; three Inorganic plant toxicants: Phytar,
sodium fluoride and sodium chlorate; and two Insecti-
cides: Orthene and Diasinon. The statistical param-
eters, slope Intercept and correlation coefficient were
recorded. Reproducibility of the method was tested
with two successive runs with Endothall. The slopes
were 143.6 and 136.6 with correlation coefficient of
0.91 and 0.96 respectively. Analysis of covariance
showed there was no significant difference between
these slopes at the 95% confidence Interval.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology,
Concentratlon(Composition), Tests, Development,
Procedures, Plants(Botany), Vegetation, Evaluation,
Comparison, Growth, Air pollution, Dosage, Ethylene,
Equipment, 'Toxic substances, Protocols, 'Air pollu-
tion erfects(Plants).
PB8M57919 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Second Survey of Dry 8O2 Control Systems. Final
rept. Mar-Sep 80,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Mary E. Kelly, and S. A. Shareef. Feb 81,80p RAD-80-
203-001-15-12, EPA-600/7-81-018
See also PB80-166852.
The report is an updated assessment of dry flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) systems that reviews current
and recently completed research, development, and
commercial activities in the U.S. since October 1979,
Including: (1) spray dryers with a fabric filter or an elec-
trostatic precipitator (ESP), (2) dry injection of alkaline
material Into flue gas combined with partlculate collec-
tion In an ESP or fabric filter, and (3) combustion of
coal/alkali fuel mixtures. Spray drying remains the only
commercially applied dry FGD process. Slflce the last
survey, completed late In 1979, eight utility and two in-
dustrial spray drying systems have been sold. Nine of
them use lime as the sorbent, and nine use a fabric
filter for particulate collection. Removal guarantees for
S02 range from 82 to 85%, depending on coal sulfur
content. Two full-scale industrial spray drying systems
are currently operating. The first large utility system Is
scheduled for startup early In 1981. Several publicly
and privately funded pilot-scale programs have been
completed in the past year. EPA is currently funding
three such programs (two spray drying and one dry in-
jection), as well as development of two combustion
modification processes for SO2 control (combustion of
coal/limestone pellets and of a pulverized coal/alkali
mixture in a low-NOx burner). The DoE and others are
studying dry injection on a pilot scale.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Flue gases, Electrostatic precipitators, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Spray drying, Elec-
tric power plants, Air filters, Assessments, Infection, Al-
kalies, 'Dry methods, Rue gas desulfurization, Fabric
filters, Limestone injection.
PB81-157927 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Halocarbon Production from Oxlditive Blocldes
In Estuarlne Waters. Final rept. 1 Aug 75-31 Jul 77,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
George R. Helz, Rong Yew Hsu, and Richard Sugum.
Feb 61,44p EPA-60073-81-010
Grant EPA-R-803839-01/02
The formation of halo-organic compounds by chlorine-
tion of estuarine waters has been investigated under
both laboratory and field conditions. HaToforms are
readily generated in the laboratory with chlorine doses
of 1 to 10 mg/l, the range employed by many coastal
power plants. At salinities above 1 g/kg, Br is the prin-
cipal halogen in the haloform products. On a molar
basis, more than 4% of the chlorine was converted to
haloforms in some tests. Ozone in the laboratory a so
generated haloforms in estuarine water; the yields
were similar to those obtained from chlorine. However,
only traces of haloforms were found in a power plant
field site, where apparently haloform-bypassing reac-
tions consume free chlorine much faster than In the
laboratory. Identification of these reactions is uncer-
tain, but they may involve formation of stable haloge-
nated macromolecules. A large sewage treatment
plant served as a volatile halocarbon source to study
the fate of these compounds. The major loss mecha-
nism appears to be volatilization to the atmosphere.
Rates for this process are estimated. However, there
appears to be some loss under winter ice cover, per-
haps because of chemical or biological degradation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Chlorinatlon, Ozonation, Electric power
plants, Estuaries, Sewage treatment, Field tests, In-
dustrial wastes, Comparison, Fouling prevention,
Chalk Point(Maryland).
PB81-15793S PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Ultraetructured and X-ray Microanaylsls of Macro-
phages Exposed to Non-Criteria Pollutants, wltn
Emphasis on Certain Metals. Final rept.,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
John D. Shelburne, Peter Ingram, Susan R. Walker,
and Catherine R. de Vries. Feb 81,163p EPA-600/1-
81-018
Grant EPA-R-805460
Rabbit alveolar macrophages (RAMs) and cultured
Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHOs) were exposed to
vitro to the noncriteria pollutants manganese, cadmi-
um, vanadium, nickel, lead, copper and cobalt, In
either soluble or particulate form. To prevent the redis-
tribution of soluble ions which occurs during conven-
tional chemical fixation, methods of fixation by ultra-
rapid freezing were developed which were applicable
both to cells in suspension and to cell moriolayers.
Using chemical and freeze fixation, cellular and sub-
cellular reactions to toxic elements were defined by
both scanning and transmission electron microscopy-
By exposing RAMs to red lead (Pb3O4), which is insol-
uble at pH 7 in tissue culture medium, It was shown
that lead enters the cells through the phagosomal
system and from that acid micro-enviroment Is redis-
tributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. This
system can be used as a model to study the move-
ment of a toxic material on the surface of a particle
within a lysoaome Into the interior of the cell.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Phagocytes, In vitro analysis,
Respiratory system, Rabbits, Contaminants, Manga-
nese, Cadmium, Vanadium, Nickel, Lead, Copper.
Cobalt, 'Alveoli, 'Toxic substances, Cell morphology.
PB81-157943 PC A06/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnatl,
OH.
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from
Drum-Mix Asphalt Plant*. Final rept. 1979-80,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Thomas W. Beggs. Feb 81,78p EPA-600/2-81-026
Contract EPA-68-03-2585
This research program was undertaken in order to de-
velop a quantitative estimate of the emission of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from drum-mix asphalt
plants. The study was carried out by field sampling of
five drum-mix plants under a variety of operating condi-
tions. Included in these plants was a plant that proc-
essed a mixture of recycled pavement of virgin aggre-
gate, and a plant that employed a wet scrubber, which
was tested both at the stack and also upstream of the
scrubber to determine If wet scrubbing provides any
significant VOC removal. The sampling method used
was EPA Proposed Method 25, modified to filter out
particulate emissions which would Interfere with the
1020 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
laboratory determination of VOC concentration in the
collected samples. Results are the VOC emission fac-
tors for drum-mix plants are on the order of 0.1 to 0.4
Pounds of VOC (as carbon) per ton of asphalt concrete
Produced. VOC emissions appear to be independent
of operating parameters, over the normal range of
Plant operation and within the limited scope of the sta-
tistical testing employed. It appears that a wet scrub-
°er reduces VOC emissions somewhat but the reduc-
tion Is difficult to quantify because of variation in the re-
sults. The nationwide emission of VOCs from all drum-
rnlx asphalt plants is estimated to be about 20,600
tons per year.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Asphalt plants, Organic
compounds, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Concentration(Composition), 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Emission factors.
PB8M58289 PC A21/MF A01
proposed Issuance of a New Source National Pol-
Want Discharge Elimination System Permit to
catocn General Chemicals Corporation, Duett*
Mine, Manatee County, Florida. Final environmental
Wact statement.
environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
19 Aug 80,497p EPA-904/9-80-051
prepared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers,
Jacksonville, FL. Jacksonville District.Portions of this
Document are not fully legible.
Estech General Chemicals Corporation has proposed
an open pit phosphate mine, beneficiatlon plant and
rock dryer on a 10,394 acre site in northeastern Mana-
tee County, Florida. Mining will involve 6,600 acres, of
which will be reclaimed, and will produce 3 million tons
Per year for 21 years. The EIS examines alternatives,
'mpacts and mitigative measures related to surface
water, groundwater, air, wetlands, and other natural
and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Phosphate deposits, 'Mines, 'Beneficia-
"On, Environmental surveys, Ground water, Surface
water, Water pollution, Air pollution, Florida, Substi-
tutes, 'Environmental impact statements-final, 'Mana-
ge County(Florida), National Pollutant Discharge
tiifninatlon System.
£881-158297 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
fouree Separation Collection and Processing
Equipment. Final rept,
[^source Planning Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
^Jrry Oliva, Janice Huffman, and Jerry Powell. 24 Jul
80,96p EPA-530/SW-192C
This report provides detailed descriptions of equip-
"**ijt. examples of its uses, including cities where the
•NU pment is used, and specific recommendations on
Jpiuipment design and use. The report also summa-
TCes the research effort behind the user's guide and
Wntains copies of Important research tools.
Keywords: 'Equipment, Containers, Separation, Col-
jection, Storage, Materials recovery, Trucks, 'Solid
waste collection systems, 'Waste processing, Solid
wastes, Waste recyling.
£681-158404 PC A04/MF A01
protocol for Assessment of Human Exposure to
Airborne Pesticides. User's Guide,
jjeatth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Robert G. Lewis, Merrill D. Jackson, and Kathryn E.
MacLeod. Aug 80,58p EPA-600/2-80-180
JJie Environmental Protection Agency has been given
"•* authority for monitoring the air for pesticides. This
Protocol reports on methodology that has been devel-
oped to assure that the air samples collected will give
adequate information on the exposure of the general
Population to pesticidal air pollutants. Descriptions are
9'ven of pumps, sorbents, calibration methods, and
Preparations necessary for accurate data collections.
• ne determination of sampling efficiencies and respi-
ratory exposure is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecticides, Na-
•onai government, Exposure, Data collection, Aero-
?5»8, Assessments, Humans, *Air pollution
efectsOHumans), Monitoring, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Air sampling, Protocols, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-158412 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemicals Indentlfled In Human Biological Media:
A Data Base. Volume II, Part 1. October 1980.
Annual rept. no. 2, Sep 79-Sep 80,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf, Fay M. Martin,
and John T. Ensminger. Jan 81,495p ORNL/EIS-163/
V2-P1, EPA-560/13-80-036A
Contract W-7405-eng-26
See also Volume 1, Part 1, PB80-183288.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified In
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances Exposure Evaluation (formally
Survey and Analysis) Division. This centralized re-
source of body-burden Information was inspired by the
concern of government scientists over continuing re-
ports of toxic chemicals In human tissues and Body
fluids. Body burden is a reflection of exposures to food,
air, and water contaminants, as well as Pharmaceuti-
cals. The systematic acquisition of body-burden data
will facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to toxic chemicals and xenoblotics than was
previously possible using environmental contamina-
tion levels. Data were obtained primarily from the open
literature through manual searches of selected jour-
nals. Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and
has yielded over 3000 pertinent documents of which
approximately 1000 have been entered Into the data
base as of this report. These sources identify over 500
chemicals which nave been found in human biological
media.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Humans, Tissues(Blology),
Body fluids, Residues, Data bases, 'Toxic substances,
Body burden.
PB8M58446 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Catalytic Incineration of Low Concentration Or-
ganic Vapors. Final rept. Oct 78-Mar 80,
Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corp., Union, NJ.
Norman A. Martin. Feb 81,79p EPA-600/2-81 -017,.
IERL-RTP-1135
Contract EPA-68-02-3133
The report gives results of a demonstration of the cata-
lytic abatement of low concentration hydrocarbon
vapors on both a pilot- and full-scale system. The tests
were conducted on industrial exhausts containing CO
and volatile hydrocarbons. An economic comparison
was made between thermal and catalytic abatement
systems, utilizing this data. The pilot-scale data was
obtained over a 5-month period from a plastic printing
plant where the major solvents were ethanol, n-propyi
acetate, and heptane. The full-scale data was ob-
tained over a 9-month period from a Formox (Relchold
Chemical Co.) formaldehyde plant exhaust containing
CO, dimethyl ether, methanol, and formaldehyde. The
pilot- and full-scale units were able to convert 97-99%
of the pollutants to CO2 and water.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Cata-
lysts, 'Incinerators, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydro-
carbons, Pilot plants, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation. Cost analysis.
PB81-158743 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Cancer Mortality and Public Drinking Water In St.
Louis City and County. Journal article,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
Carl J. Marienfeld, Michael D. Collins, Harley T. Wright,
Ravula Reddy, and Gary Shoop. Nov 80,7p EPA-600/
J-80-203
Pub. in Jnl. AWWA 72, n11 p649-654 Nov 80.
The results of recent studies do not appear to impli-
cate drinking water as a major factor In producing the
considerably higher cancer mortality rates in the city of
St. Louis than in St. Louis County, pointing instead to
such socioeconomic factors as low income, low edu-
cational level, and occupation as a laborer and to air
pollution.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Malignant neoplasms,
•Mortality, Public health, Missouri, Socioeconomic fac-
tors, Reprints, Drinking water, Saint Louis(Missouri),
Cancer, saint Louis County(Missouri).
PB81-158925 PCA17/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Dlv.
Urea Manufacturing Industry - Technical Docu-
ment. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Jan 81,386p EPA-450/3-81-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This report presents information on the emission
levels, control techniques and costs associated with
the control of paniculate emission sources and facili-
ties In the urea solids producing industry. Sources of
emissions include prill towers, granulators and coolers.
Alternative control techniques and supporting data are
described and discussed, and an analysis ot environ-
mental and economic impacts of control techniques
are presented.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Urea, 'Air pollution
control, 'Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Manufacturing, Cost analysis, Air pollution
control equipment, Process charting, Fluidized bed
processors, Scrubbers, Granulators, Environmental
impacts, Wet methods.
PB81-159097 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatablllty Studies of Pesticide Manufacturing
Wastewatera: Qlyphosata. Final rept. Feb 78-Mar
80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edward Monnig, Ruth A. Zweidinger, Mary Warner,
Rosemary Batten, and Dora Llverman. Dec 80,54p
EPA-600/2-80-077D
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
See also PB81 -129033.
The report gives results of subjecting various combina-
tions of glyphosate production wastestreams to biolog-
ical treatment following lime-pretreatment to reduce
high levels of glyphosate. Bench-scale biological treat-
ment demonstrated that glyphosate did not appear to
interfere with biological degradation at concentrations
up to 105 mg/L. Glyphosate itself showed only partial
reduction with biological reduction (28-45%). The
mechanism of this removal is not fully understood but
may include sorption on sludge. No evidence for me-
tabolism of glyphosate was generated in oxygen
uptake studies. While the test does not provide any
evidence for metabolic uptake of glyphosate, it is inter-
esting to note that fairly high concentrations of the
compound do not Inhibit other microbial processes In
acclimated sludge. Biological treatment significantly
reduced the toxlcity of these effluents to algae (Selen-
astrum capricarnutum) and invertebrates (Daphnia
magna). Additional treatment options were investigat-
ed in an attempt to reduce glyphosate concentrations
in the biologically treated effluents. These options In-
cluded ozonation, adsorption, and ion exchange.
These options only marginally reduced glyphosate
concentrations in biologically treated effluents.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Waste water, Nitrogen organ-
ic compounds, Waste treatment, Ammonia, Toxlcity,
Nitrogen, Oxygen demand, 'Roundup, Industrial proc-
esses, 'Water pollution control, Glycine/N-(phos-
phonomethyl).
PB81-159113 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Evironmental Research Lab., OR.
Ice Fog Abatement and Pollution Reduction at a
Subarctic Coal-Fired Heating Plant. Final rept,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks.
L. E, Leonard, R. Seifert, J. Zarling, and R. Johnson,
Feb 81, 7Sp EPA-600/3-81 -020
Grant EPA-R-804833-01-2
An experimental cooler-condenser system was con-
structed at the coal-fired heating and electric plant on
the Fairbanks campus of the University of Alaska to
evaluate Its potential to reduce Ice fog and other pol-
lutant stack emissions in a subarctic environment. This
experiment advanced the work began by Porteous and
Wallis (1965) to a stage of field evaluation for a less
than full scale system. Flue gas was diverted from the
December 1983 1021
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
existing power plant stack through the experimental
system for test purposes. A cold water spray was di-
rected into the muzzle of the experimental stack
counter-current to the direction of flue gas flow to cool
the gas, condense combustion-produced water vapor
and scrub the gas stream of potential pollutants before
they were released to the atmosphere. Because of
several factors, the system at this stage of develop-
ment proved ineffective for its main function of ice fog
reduction. Some of the problems could be prevented
by changes in the design of the system and some
remain inconclusive and not well understood. Results
show that the scrubbing function was more successful.
Environmental considerations such as process water
treatment and disposal presented no major obstacles,
however, the potential to recover waste from the
system does not appear favorable.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Ice fog, Electric
power plants, Alaska, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Coolers, Condenser, Scrubbers, Design cri-
teria, Water pollution, 'Coal fired power plants,
Fairbanks(Alaska).
PB81-159121 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Cold Climate Oil Spills: A Terrestrial and Freshwa-
ter Research Review. Final rept,
Alaska Univ., Palmer.
Jay D. McKendrick, Jacqueline D. LaPerrler, and
Thomas E. Loynachan. Feb 81,93p* EPA-600/2-81-
030
Grant EPA-R-803843
The first part of this study reviews world-wide research
on cold climate oil spills on land to identify some of the
terrestrial environmental factors In cold regions affect-
ed by oil spills and some of the techniques for measur-
ing impacts and terrestrial systems, primarily soils. The
second part of the study reviews cold climate research
on oil spills into fresh water. The final part of the report,
surveys Alaskan hydrocarbon spills in the period Janu-
ary 1974 through May 1976. These studies will be of
interest to all those concerned with cold climate oil
spills on land and into fresh water.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oil pollution, 'Arctic re-
gions, 'Reviews, Soils, Environmental impacts, Fresh
water, Surface waters, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, De-
composition, Bacteria, fungi, Oxidation, Permafrost,
Temperature, Yeasts, Alaska, 'Oil spills, Cold regions,
'Land pollution.
PB81-159139 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Analysis System for Total Sulfurlc Acid In Ambi-
ent Air. Development and Preliminary Evaluation.
Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
James D. Barden. Feb 81,69p EPA-600/2-81 -013
Contract EPA-68-02-2465
A total sulfuric acid analysis (TSAA) system was devel-
oped and shown to provide quantitative determina-
tions of sulfuric acid in air at concentrations as low as
0.26 micrograms/cu m. Quantitation at lower concen-
trations appears to be possible. The general approach
in the design and development effort emphasized
sample conditioning, rather than detector selectivity, to
provide unambiguous detection. Separation of the acid
from other sample components was accomplished by
stagewise condensation and revaporizatlon; therefore,
paniculate filters were not required. Effects of major
potential interferences (SO2, NH3, and ammonium
sulfates) apparently were eliminated by the addition of
a small amount of hydrogen chloride to the sample.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution. Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment, 'Air pollution detection.
PB81-159147 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Some Effects of Petroleum on Nearshora Alaskan
Marine Organisms. Final rept.,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst. of Marine Science.
D. G. Shaw, L E. Clement, and D. J. Mclntosh. Feb 81,
93pEPA-600/3-81-018
Grant EPA-R-803922
The overall objective of this project was to better un-
derstand the effects of chronic, low-level oil pollution
on nearshore Alaskan marine organisms. The bivalve
mollusc Macoma balthica accumulated hydrocarbons
during 180 days of continuous exposure to Prudhoe
Bay crude oil in flowing seawater dispersions with
nominal concentrations of 0.03 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l and 3.0
mg/l. An oil in seawater concentration of 3.0 mg/l
caused severe dysfunction in the clams including a de-
creased burial rate, increased respiration rate, and in-
hibition of growth leading to high mortalities.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Clams, "Oil pollution, Sea
water, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Animal behavior, Ex-
posure, Growth, Respiration, Mortality, Alaska,
'Macoma balthica, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB61-159386 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Physical/Chemical Treatment of Blast Furnace
Wsstewaters Using Mobile Pilot Units. Final rept.
Feb 78-Apr 80,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
R. Osantowski, A. Qeinopolos, J. Kane, and G.
Rollinger. May 80,343p EPA-600/2-80-107
Contract EPA-68-02-2671
Color Illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The report documents an in-depth pilot-plant investi-
gation of the applicability of advanced waste treatment
methods for upgrading ironmaking blast furnace
wastewaters to Best Available Technology Economi-
cally Achievable (BATEA) levels. Mobile treatments fa-
cilities, designed to operate at a flow rate of 19 liters/
mln (5 gpm), were used. The methods studied included
alkaline chiorlnation, chemical treatment/clarification,
filtration (both dual media and magnetic), ozonation,
activated carbon, and reverse osmosis, either singly
and/or In combination. These technologies removed
such residual contaminants from the wastewater as
suspended solids, oil and grease, phenol, cyanide, am-
monia, sulfide, and dissolved solids. For each treat-
ment investigated, samples and operational data were
obtained for later use in assessing and comparing the
adequacy of the method. Priority pollutant samples
were also collected from each process investigated.
The investigation indicated that: alkaline chlorination,
ozonation, and reverse osmosis effectively reduced in-
fluent contaminants to below BATEA levels (for all
three, proper pretreatment would be required); alkaline
chlorination was the least-cost alternative, based on
expected capital and operating costs; and ozonation
had the smallest space requirements of the three most
promising technologies investigated.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, 'Blast furnaces,
Industrial waste treatment, Pilot plants, Chlorination,
Ozonation, Filtration, Clarification, Osmosis, Activated
carbon, Technology, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, 'Physical chemical treatment, Best tech-
nology, Bethlehem Steel Corporation.
PB81-159543 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Who's Who V: The Interagency Energy/Environ-
ment R and D Program Directory and Index. Deci-
sion series rept.,
Automation Industries, Inc., Silver Spring, MD. Vitro
Labs. Div.
Gary M. Sitek, Daryl L. Kaufman, and Kathleen E.
Dlxon. Jan 80,82p* EPA-600/9-79-017
Contract EPA-88-01-2934
The report is part of EPA's Energy/Environment R & D
decision series. Its Directory Format is designed to fa-
cilitate identification of projects, policymakers, re-
searchers, research managers, and others involved in
the Federal Interagency Energy/Environment R & D
Program. 'Who's Who' also Includes some of the many
Individuals and organization outside of the interagency
program who are Involved In related work.
Keywords: 'Professional personnel, 'Environments,
•Directories, Energy, Ecology, Earth atmosphere, Hy-
drology, Limnology, Information systems, Consultants.
PB81-169592 PC AOO/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and
Vermont. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30 Sep
79.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
Dec 80,187p USGS/WRD/HD-80/018, USGS-WDR-
NH-VT-79-1
See also PB80-145295.
Water-resources data for the 1979 water year for New
Hampshire and Vermont consist of records of stage,
discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and
contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report contains discharge
records for 78 gaging stations, stage records for 3
lakes, monthena contents for 26 lakes and reservoirs,
water-quality data for 9 gaging stations, and water
levels for 40 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
Hampshire, 'Vermont, Water quality, Tables(Data),
Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs,
Water wells. Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels. •
PB81-159676 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Health Assessment of Occupational Exposure to
Polybromlnated Blphenyl (PBB) and Polybromln-
ated Blphenyloxlde (PBBO). Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Anita K. Bahn, Ora Blalik, Jacqueline Oler, Lome
Houten, and Emanuel Landau. Oct 80,72p EPA-560/
6-80-001
Contract EPA-68-01-3859
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Univ.,
Philadelphia. School of Medicine.
In August, 1978, a comprehensive medical evaluation
was conducted on 42 out of 96 workers from a plant
that manufactured decabromobiphenyl and decabro-
mobiphenyl oxide and on 96 control workers from
neighborhood industry not involving P8B use. The ex-
posed workers were employed in a plant which manu-
factured only brominated products, where 96 regular
employees had been employed since January 1973.
PBB serum level were significantly higher among the
exposed group than among the non-exposed group.
An unexpectedly high prevalence of primary hypothyr-
oidism was found among the PBB workers. Their sural
sensory and peroneal motor velocities were signifi-
cantly reduced when contrasted with controls. Howev-
er, no significant dermatological, neurological or other
adverse health effects were clinically demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bromine organic compounds,
Industrial medicine, Assessments, Chlorine organic
compounds, Epidemiology, Hypothyroidism, Exposure,
'Polybromlnated biphenyloxide, 'Polybrominated bl-
phenyls, 'Biphenyl/chloro, Occupational safety and
health, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-159808 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sewage Effluent Disposal for the City of Bend,
Oregon. Environmental impact statement (Final).
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Dec 80,130pEPA-910/9-80-074
The purpose of this final EIS is to present to the public
EPA's position on disposal of treated wastewater from
the newly constructed Bend, Oregon wastewater treat-
ment plant. Treated wastewater was originally to be
disposed of through the use of drill holes, lava sink
tubes or fractured rock. This proposed action was
found by EPA to have significant, long term adverse ef-
fects on regional groundwater. Six alternative disposal
systems are evaluated in this EIS and an interim alter-
native for effluent disposal discussed.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Environmental impact
statements-final, Environmental impacts, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Oregon, 'Sewage treatment ef-
fluents, 'Sewage treatment plants, Bend(Oregon).
PB81-159816 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The Molluscan Shell: Biological Record of Envi-
ronmental Change. Final rept.,
Yale Univ., New Haven, Ct. Dept. of Geology and
Geophysics.
D. C. Rhoads, and R. A. Lutz. Feb 81,340p EPA-600/
3-81-019
Grant EPA-R-804909
1022 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Maine Univ., Walpole. Ira
C. Darling Center for Research, Teaching and Service.
This manual of molluscan shell growth has been pre-
pared so that the pollution biologist confronted with
after-the-fact monitoring problems can extract Infor-
mation about recruitment, growth, and mortality re-
sponses of molluscs to past and present changes In
environmental quality. This information is stored within
individual molluscan shells in the form of ontogenetic
records for growth and development: larval top shells,
internal mlcrogrowth increments, and changes in shell
mlcrostructures. An example of how internal growth in-
crements can be used in this way is given for Mercen-
arla mercenarla exposed to a power plant thermal
plume.
Keywords: "Molluscs, 'Manuals, Shellfish, Growth,
Environments, Aquatic animals, Clams, 'Shells, Mer-
cenaria mercenarla.
PB8M69915 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Handbook for Obtaining Chemical UM and Relat-
ed Economic Information. Final rept. Sep 79-Dec
80,
Romar Consultants, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. Technical
Information Dlv.
Marcus Slttenfield. Dec 80,163p* EPA-560/2-80-001
Contract EPA-68-01-5926
The handbook describes methods of finding chemical
use and economic Information in reference, on-line,
and industry sources, and evaluates many current
sources which contain information such as physical/
chemical properties, chemical functions and applica-
tions, and production/consumption quantities. Sec-
tions 1-3 describe steps that can be followed to learn
basic Information about the uses of a chemical and the
economics of those uses, either by chemical or by use.
Appendix A evaluates over 100 sources In a standard
format that displays the type of Information In the
source, the means of access to the Information, orga-
nization of the information, and limitations or difficulties
In utilizing the sources. Appendices B- provide lists of
sources for different kinds of Information and lists of
different kinds of sources.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Economics, 'Utili-
zation, 'Handbooks, Manufacturing, Sources, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Industrial plants.
Toxic Substances Control Act, Listings.
PB81-169923 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Mlr«x Residua Level* In Human Adipose TlMue: A
Statistical Evaluation. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Carol Lelninger, Donna Lucas Watts, Charles
Sparacino, and Stephen Williams. Nov 80,117p TRI/
1864/17-OOF, EPA-580/13-80-024
Contract EPA-68-01 -5848
Mirex is an insecticide which has a specific geographic
region of application in the United States. The Mlrex
Special Study was undertaken in 1975 by the National
Human Monitoring Program In an attempt to obtain In-
formation about the prevalence and levels of Mlrex In
human adipose tissues in areas of Mirex application. A
sample of human adipose tissue specimens was se-
lected from Mirex treated areas In eight southern
States. Detectable levels of Mlrex were found In 141 of
624 human adipose tissue specimens in the sample.
The data were analyzed with respect to three demo-
graphic variables (race, age, and sex) and two geo-
graphic variables (Census Division and State). Geo-
i levels of concentration of Mirex In the sample stud-
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecticides,
Humans, Demography, Age, Sex, Geography,
Concentration(Composltion), Tissues(Biology), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Adipose
tissue, Mlrex, •Pesticide residues, Race, Monitoring.
'Toxic substances.
PB81-1S9964 PC A07/MF A01
User's Guide to MOBILE1: Mobile Source Ernie-
eJon* Model»
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Lewis E. Guthman. Aug 78,144p EPA-400/9-78-007
Contract EPA-68-01-3840
See also report dated Mar 78, PB-295 672.
This document is the User's guide to MOBILE 1, a com-
puter program that calculates composite emission fac-
tors for Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) from motor vehicle,
using the methodology and factors presented in
Mobile Source Emission Factors, Final Document, PB-
295672, published In March, 1978. The User's Guide
describes the input data requirements and organiza-
tion, the output generated by MOBILE1. In addition,
several examples of how to run MOBILE1 are includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Guidelines, Computer programs,
Motor vehicles, Fortran, Motorcycles, Trucks, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, 'Emis-
sion factors, MOBILE1 computer program, Light duty
vehicles, Numerical solution, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB81-159972 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Waetewater Treatment Facilities for the City of
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Draft environmental Impact
statement.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Dec 80,191p EPA-910/9-80-076
Coeur d'Alene, like much of northern Idaho, has expe-
rienced rapid growth In the last five to ten years. Coeur
d'Alene's sewage treatment plant Is resulflngly near
capacity and periodically falls to meet NPDES effluent
quality requirements. The city Is developing a facilities
plan for needed improvements to the treatment plant.
The upgraded facilities would not only Improve effluent
quality out also expand service to city residents and
residents of adjacent urbanizing unincorporated areas.
EPA has prepared this environmental impact state-
ment to evaluate the consequences of the construc-
tion of Coeur d'Alene's wastewater treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Upgrading, Construction,
Land use, Sludge disposal, Ground water, Water pollu-
tion, Fisheries, Archaeology, Idaho, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Coeur d'Alenefldaho).
PB81-160145 PC A11/MF A01
Proposed Sewerage Fadlltlee, Marlon County
Lake Improvement District Marlon County,
Kansas. Environmental Impact statement (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Barbara Bowerman, and Norman Crisp. Dec 80,234p
EPA-907/9-80-004
See also report dated Apr 80, PB80-20C.. 86.
The Final Environmental Impact Statement examined
five alternatives for the Improvement of sewerage fa-
cilities in the Marion County Lake Improvement Dis-
trict, Marion County, Kansas. The environmental,
social, and economic Impacts of each of these alterna-
tives were evaluated, along with appropriate mitigation
measures.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, Water quality, Economic impact,
Environmental Impacts, Septic tanks, Social effect,
'Marion County(Kansas), Sewage treatment plants,
Social Impact.
PB61-160228 PC A02/MF A01
Standard* of Performance for New Stationary
Source* Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing
Manufacture: Enforcement Aspects Statement
and Reports Impact Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
1980,14p
The recommended standards of performance will limit
the emission of paniculate matter from asphalt roofing
manufacturing plants and from blowing stills and as-
phalt storage tanks at oil refineries and asphalt proc-
essing plants. These standards Include both mas* and
visible emission limitations. The control systems used
by the asphalt roofing Industry Include high velocity air
filters (HVAF), electrostatic precipltatora (ESP), after-
burners (A/B), baghousea, and mist eliminators. As-
formance are discussed In the report.
Keywords: 'Asphalt plants, "Roofing, 'Air pollution
control, 'Particles, Manufacturing, Standards, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Monitoring, 'Stand-
ards of performance, 'Stationary sources, *Air pollu-
tion abatement, Fugitive emissions.
PB81-160269 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Information Needs of Water Supply Management.
Final Report. Phase II. Evaluation of the Model
State Information System,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. S. Ranade, and J. M. McCarthy. Nov 80,91 p RTI/
1610/02-03F
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
In general, all the information required for manage-
ment of state water supply programs is contained In
the Model State Information System (MSIS) files, and
MSIS does produce the required Federal reports. The
MSIS compliance determination procedure is oper-
ational In the hands of experienced users, although
many users indicate a need for more efficient data
entry and preedlting procedures. Through the use of
the recently released Data Retrieval Subsystem, users
are able to tailor reports from the MSIS files to their in-
dividual needs. The objective of this report Is to identify
the Information needs of water supply managers in
meeting their responsibilities.
Keywords: 'Informational retrieval, 'Water supply,
'Water quality management, Evaluation,
States(Unlted States), Allocations, Law enforcement,
Interviews, Records management, Budgeting, Data
management.
PC A03/MF A01
it* for 1982 Ozone
PB81-160434
Emission Inventory Requirement* for
State Implementation Plans. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 80,41 p EPA-450/4-80-016
This guidance document describes the final emission
inventory requirements related to preparation and sub-
mission of 1982 Ozone State Implementation Plans
(SIP's) for those States which requested and have
been granted an extension beyond July 1982 of an at-
tainment date for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. Addressed in the docu-
ment are emission inventory requirements relating to
geographic area of coverage, point source cutoff size
specifications, pollutants ofinterest, data reporting for-
mate, documentation requirements, quality of data
base, years to be addressed, and specific inventory
techniques to be employed.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, "Regulations, Fore-
casting, Standards, Exhaust emissions, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Emission inventories,
•Air pollution abatement, Air quality, State implemen-
tation plans, Point sources, Implementation air pollu-
tion planning program.
PB81-160668 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Wastewater Management Plan for the Lake Wash-
ington/Green River Basin*. Draft environmental
Impact statement.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Dec 80,289p EPA-910/9-80-077
EPA has given the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
(METRO) a grant to plan wastewater treatment Im-
provements for a 620 square mile area of the Lake
Washington/Green River Basin. The resulting
wastewater management plan addresses three Issues:
(1) The operating capacity of the Metro Renton treat-
ment plant ha* been reached and needs expansion to
accommodate future growth; (2) Increasing quantities
of secondary effluent from the Renton plant are dis-
charged into the Green/Duwamlsh River; (3) New de-
velopment within the study area will be using on-slte
technologies and these systems have the potential to
adversely affect water quality. EPA has prepared this
draft EIS to make a decision on approval of the Metro
December 1983 1023
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
wastewater management plan and to partially fund
projects called for In the plan. Three elements are em-
phasized In this document: land use, costs, and water
quality.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
Impact statements-draft, "Puget Sound, Construction,
Sewers, Land use, Population growth, Agriculture,
Water quality, Air quality, Soil properties, Ground
water, Marine biology, Fisheries, Outfall sewers, Cost
analysis, Washlngton(State), 'Sewage treatment
plants, Ocean waste disposal.
PB81-160772 PC A03/MF A01
Interlaboratory Comparison Acute Tatting Set,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Armond E. Lemke. Feb 81,29p EPA-600/3-81 -005
A multiple laboratory (6) set of tests was conducted
using a single Test Standard Method. The tests con-
sisted of static and dynamic aquatic bloassays with
two species of fish and static tests with Daphnla
magna in duplicate. The extreme values for any one
test were one order of magnitude while the extremes
of the means were only a factor of 12.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Water pollution,
Laboratory animals, Daphnia magna, Protocols, 'Toxic
substances, 'Water pollution detection.
PB81-160848 PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mutagenesl* Screening of Pesticides 'Drosophlla'.
Final rapt,
WARF Inst., Inc., Madison, Wl.
Ruby Valencia. Feb 81,82p EPA-600/1-81-017
Contract EPA-68-01 -2474
Drosophila melanogaster males were exposed by
feeding (plus contact and possibly inhalation). The ge-
netic test found most sensitive and appropriate was
the sex-linked recessive lethal test. For this, males of
the Canton-S wild type stock were exposed. They
were mated individually and brooded to sample the
entire range of germ cell development stages. Very
large number of tests (over 7000 were accumulated for
each compound in two or more replicate experiments.
Concurrent negative controls were done with each,
and positive controls were run occasionally. Thirty pes-
ticides and seven other misellaneous compounds
were tested and four reference mutagens were run
through the system, some of the latter at a series of
'doses' (exposure concentrations). Of the pesticides
which could be tested at adequate concentrations, 4
(Captan, Folpet, Bromacil and Simazlne) were found to
be weak mutagens. One (Cacodylic Acid) was ques-
tionable but called negative. The rest of the pesticides
were sotoxlc that only very low concentrations (0.1 -
Sppm) could be used (usually for a reduced exposure
time), and those are not considered adequately tested,
in view of results obtained with reference mutagens at
these concentrations.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, In-
secticides, Screening, Males, Genetics, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory animals,
'Mutagenesis, 'Toxic substances, Drosophila melano-
PB81-160889 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Analysis of Particle Size Fraction* from
Glass Melting Furnaces. Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. D. Spinosa, and R. A. Holman. Feb 81,42p EPA-
600/2-81-015
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
The purpose of this research was to identify the size
fraction distribution of the various chemical constitu-
ents of glass furnace emissions. This would assist re-
searchers in identifying emissions characteristic of
glass furnaces; thus, providing design requirements for
control technology development programs. The analy-
sis included mass of paniculate emissions, paniculate
size distributions, and analysis of trace metals concen-
trations in each size fractions.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Particle size distribution,
'Glass industry, Furnaces, Metals, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution,
Emission spectroscopy, Selenium, Chromium, Air pol-
lution control, Sodium, Calcium, Lead(Metal), 'Air pol-
lution detection, Heavy metals.
PB81-160897 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sensitive Biochemical and Behavioral Indicators
of Tract Substance Exposure - Part II, Platinum.
Final rept.,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Center for
Air Environment Studies.
Edward J. Massaro, Bradley A. Lown, John B.
Morganti, Carl H. Stineman, and Rosemary B.
D'Agostino. Feb81,68pEPA-600/1-81-015
Contract EPA-68-02-1768
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. Coll. at Buffa-
lo, NY. Oept. of Psychology and State Univ. of New
York at Buffalo. School of Medicine.
The tissue/organ distribution of platinum (Pt) was ex-
amined in the adult mouse at various times after expo-
sure to single or serially repeated (multiple) doses of
Pt(SO4)2 or Na2PtCI6. Effects of exposure Pt on se-
lected parameters of open field, exploratory and social
behavior and passive and active avoidance learning
were Investigated. Effects of Pt on the gravid female
(per se) and on the embryo/fetal and postnatal devel-
opment of offspring of Pt exposed dams also were In-
vestigated.
Keywords: 'Platinum, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, Pregnan-
cy, Distribution, Mice, Exposure, Dosage, Animal be-
havior, Ingestion(Biology), Lethal dosage, Bioassay,
'Toxic substances, Bioindicators.
PB81-161176 PCA99/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, A
Data Base, Second Annual Report, October 1980.
Volume II, Part 2,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf, Fay M. Martin,
and John T. Ensminger. Jan 81,685p ORNL/EIS-163-
VOL-2-PT-2, EPA-560/13-80-036B
Contract W-7405-eng-26
See also Volume 1, Part 2, PB80-183296.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances Exposure Evaluation (formally
Survey and Analysis) Division. This centralized re-
source of body-burden information was inspired by the
concern of government scientists over continuing re-
ports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Body burden is a reflection of exposures to food,
air, and water contaminants, as well as Pharmaceuti-
cals. The systematic acquisition of body-burden data
will facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to toxic chemicals and xenobiotics than was
previously possible using environmental contamina-
tion levels. Data were obtained primarily from the open
literature through manual searches of selected Jour-
nals. Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and
has yielded over 3000 pertinent documents of which
approximately 1000 have been entered Into the data
base as of this report. These sources identify over 500
chemicals which nave been found in human biological
media.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Humans, Tissues(Biology),
Body fluids, Residues, Data bases, 'Toxic substances,
Body burden.
PB81-161333 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Philadelphia Oxldant Enhancement Study: Hydro-
carbon Analysis. Final rept,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
H. Westberg, and P. Sweany. 25 Aug 80,187p EPA-
450/4-80-022
Contract EPA-68-02-3339
An extensive hydrocarbon monitoring program, includ-
ing ground level and aerial sampling, was conducted in
the Philadelphia area during July and August of 1978.
Individual hydrocarbon identities and concentrations
were determined in approximately 150 samples. One-
hour integrated samples were collected each day
during the 0600-0700 and 0800-0900 EOT time peri-
ods at two Philadelphia locations. Airborne sampling
was performed by an EPA-Las Vegas helicopter.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, Sampling,
Sites, Aerial surveys, Concentration(Composition), Ox-
idlzers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Penn-
sylvania, 'Phlladelphia(Pennsylvania), 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB81-161358 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Summary of Comments and Response* on the
May 22, 1980 Proposed Regulations for Visibility
Protection for Federal Class t Areas. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Oct 80, 231 p EPA-450/2-80-083A
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
This report summarizes the comments received on the
proposed Visibility Regulations and accompanying
guidelines by major issue. It also provides discussion
of EPA's position on these issues and subsequent
changes to the final rules.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Air pollution, 'Regulations,
Clean Air Act, Stationary sources.
PB81-161549 PC A15/MF A01
Guidelines for Determining Best Available Retrofit
Technology for Coal-Fired Power Plants and
Other Existing Stationary Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,350p EPA-450/3-80-009B
Guidelines for the effectiveness and costs of retrofit-
ting coal-fired power plants and other major stationary
sources for control of participates, NOx, and SOS per
the provisions of Section 169A of the Clean Air
Amendments of 1977.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Visibility, 'Guide-
lines, Electric power plants, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Parti-
cles, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Technology,
'Coal fired power plants, 'Stationary sources, 'Best
technology, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB81-161788 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES): Main
Report.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Jan 81,337p EPA-600/7-81-008
Grants EPA-R-804816, EPA-R-805585
Sponsored In part by Grant EPA-R-805588.
This study investigated the potential environmental,
social, economic, and public health Impacts of existing
and proposed concentrations of electric utility generat-
ing plants in the coal-rich basin. The study examined
nine scenarios representing a range of possible pat-
terns of energy development in the region, identified
the potential impacts associated with each and exam-
ined public policy options available for dealing with
these Impacts. Types of impacts examined Include air
quality, water quality and availability, land use, ecologi-
cal, health, and economic effects. Particular attention
is given to local and long-range transboundary move-
ment of air pollutants. Interjurisdictional transport of
pollutants associated with acid rain is examined.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power plants,
Electric power generation, Environmental impacts,
Social effect, Economic impact, Air pollution, Water
quality, Water supply, Land use, Ecology, Health,
'Energy source development, Air quality.
PB81-161812 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmentat Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Nationwide Assessment of Receiving Water Im-
pacts from Urban Stormwater Pollution. Volume I:
Summary,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
James P. Heaney, Wayne C. Huber, and Melvin E.
Lehman. Feb 81,153p EPA-600/2-81 -025
1024 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-805663
Results of this nationwide search for documented
case studies of impacts of urban runoff on receiving
waters indicate that well-documented cases are
scarce. Impacts previously attributed to urban storm-
water runoff may be point source impacts in disguise,
or they may be masked by greater contributions from
other sources. Results for every urbanized area in the
United States have been summarized by the quantity
or urban runoff, the available dilution capacity in the
primary receiving water, the number of times the urban
area was cited as having a 'problem', the type of re-
ceiving waters, the impaired beneficial uses, and the
problem pollutants. The report results suggest the
need to intensify monitoring programs so that receiv-
ing water impacts can be more realistically evaluated.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Urban areas, Assessments, Water flow, Dilution,
Streams, Environmental impacts, Tables(Data), Eval-
uation, States(United States).
PB81-161846 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Helminth and Heavy Metals Transmission from
Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll" of Veterinary
Medicine.
Paul R. Fitzgerald. Feb 81,67p EPA-600/2-81-024
GrantEPA-R-805315
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan Sanitary
District of Greater Chicago, IL.
This report discusses a study designed to determine
the practical survival and transmission of the ova of
the nematode worm Ascaris sp. through a modern
sewage and sludge treatment process. Four large ex-
periments and three smaller ones involving 178 specif-
ic pathogen free (SPF) pigs were used. Transmission
of Ascaris sp. from liquid anaerobically digested
sewage sludge, that had been stored for several years,
ments. Also, Ascaris sp. transmission from Nu-earth, a
dried and stored anaerobically digested sewage
sludge, also occurred in pigs. In general, ova in anaer-
obically digested sludge or in Nu-earth remained un-
embryonated until after they were exposed to the air.
Within six weeks after air exposure the ova began to
embryonate and became infective for pigs. Swine were
also exposed to different amounts of anaerobically di-
gested and Nu-earth sludges containing heavy metals
and organic compounds. Chemical analyses of kid-
neys, livers, hearts, diaphragm muscles and bones
were conducted to determine uptake of heavy metals,
cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, lead, chromium and
nickel. Only cadmium showed significant tissue
uptake. Neither control nor experimental pigs showed
significant visceral fat uptake of organic compounds.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Microorganism
control(Sewage), 'Tissue extracts, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Metals, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, Iron,
Lead(Metal), Chromium, Nickel, Chemical analysis,
Swine, Worms, Nemotoda, Pathology, 'Heavy metals,
'Sewage sludge, Ascaris.
PB81-161853 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Powdered Activated Carbon for Re-
moval of Trace Organics at New Orleans, Louisi-
ana. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep 79,
Weston (Roy F.), Houston, TX.
John D. DiFlllppo, Larry G. Copeland, and Kelly M. Peil.
Feb 81,87p EPA-600/2-81 -027
Grant EPA-R-804404
This research effort studied the effect of powdered ac-
tivated carbon on the removal of trace organics In the
water treatment process at New Orleans, LA. The
water treatment processes were modeled in bench
scale reactors that allowed control of treatment varia-
bles. A series of experiments was conducted that in-
corporated the same treatment parameters as the full
scale plant. Three powdered activated carbon dos-
ages of S, 50, and 500 mg/l were added at different lo-
cations in the bench scale treatment scheme and the
results were compared to no PAC treatment. The re-
sults of the study showed that a dosage of 5 mg/l did
not improve the removal of trace organics over the
normal full scale treatment system. Only the 500 mg/l
dosage performed well enough to achieve the promul-
gated standard of not more than 0.1 mg/l trihalometh-
ane remaining in the finished water.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Organic
compounds, 'Water treatment, Trace elements, pota-
ble water, Sampling, Water analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, 'Water pollution detection, New
Orleans(Louisiana).
PB81-161861 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Field Study to Obtain Trace Element Mass Bal-
ances at a Coal-Fired Utility Boiler. Final rept. May
75-Sep 80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
Robert Evers, V. E. Banderfriff, and R. L Zielke. Oct
80,146p EPA-600/7-80-171
The report gives results of a study to identify mass flow
rates of minor and trace elements from streams of a
coal-fired utility boiler (Colbert Steam Plant Unit No. 1).
This information was used to obtain a mass balance
for 25 elements. The mass balances used inlet and
outlet flows associated with three major pieces of
equipment: the pulverizer, boiler, and electrostatic pre-
clpltator. This provided a mass balance for each ele-
ment for the various parts of the system. Along with
the trace elements which were being measured, or-
ganic samples were obtained and analyzed from vari-
ous streams for polychlorinated blphenyls (PCBs) and
polynuclear organic matter (ROMs). Thus, the mass
balance reflected a fairly complete picture of the boiler
under normal operating conditions. The mass bal-
ances show that sampling techniques need to be im-
proved. First, the analysis of the vapor-phase samples
reported all concentrations below the detection limit
for each element. Second, the mass balances of only
10 elements (representing 61% of the total ash flow)
closed within + or -10% for at least two of the three
major pieces of the system.
Keywords: 'Mass flow, 'Trace elements, 'Air pollu-
tion, Field tests, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Particles, Electric
power plants, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Compositton), Sampling, Electric power
plants, 'Coal fired power plants, Air pollution detec-
tion, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB81-161879 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement Conference
Held at Atlanta, Georgia on June 17,1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV. '
Oct 80,152p EPA-904/9-80-066
The environmental Impact statement meetings con-
tained the following: Welcome speech; NEPA and the
decision-making process; Progress In agenxies' imple-
mentation of CEQ NEPA regulations; Energy and the
environment; Community conservation guidelines - a
federal initiative towards conserving urban communi-
ties; Environmental impact statement preparation and
review; Urban impact analysis; Scoping; The consult-
ant's viewpoint; Closing remarks; List of attendees;
List of Washington offices for NEPA activities.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Energy conservation, Urban
areas, Environmental Impacts, Regulations, 'Environ-
mental impact statements.
PB81-161937 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Assessment: Cotton and Synthetic Woven
Fabric Finishing. Final rept. Mar 77-Jan 80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
W. D. McCurley, and G. D. Rawllngs. Jan 80,196p
MRC-DA-995, EPA-600/2-80-042A
Contract EPA-68-02-1874
See also PB-271 986.
The report gives reliable data to enable EPA to deter-
mine the need for developing control technology for air
and water pollution emissions from cotton and synthet-
ic woven fabric finishing plants. The data supplements
that in an earlier state-of-the-art report on the same
subject (PB-271 986) and stems from actual sampling
and analysis plus literature sources not available when
the earlier report was published. Plants processing
cotton and synthetic fiber blends are included in the
study, since finishing of blends includes treatments
similar to those used on the pure fibers. Wool and knit
fabric finishing were excluded from the study since the
operations involved are distinctly different from those
for cotton and synthetics. Finishing operations for
cotton and synthetics include generaltreatments such
as bleaching, dyeing, and printing and associated op-
erations such as desizing, setting, and drying. Special-
ized treatments, such as flameproofing, mlldewproof-
ing, mercerizing, embossing, and wrinkleproofing are
also included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Textile industry, 'Environmental surveys, Cotton
fabrics, Woven fabrics, Textile finishing, Industrial
wastes, Sources, Design criteria, Technology, 'Solid
wastes, State of the art.
PCA11/MFA01
Agency, Seattle, WA.
PB81-181945
Environmental Protection
Region X.
Attainment Status and PSD Increment Analyses
for Port Angeles, Washington,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, A. J. Anderson, H. E. Cramer, and J. R.
Bjorklund. Nov 80,243p TR-80-151-01, EPA-910/9-
80-075
Contract EPA-68-02-3532
Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service,
Denver, CO., and Washington State Dept. ol Ecology,
Olympia.
This report describes a dispersion model analysis of
the air quality impact of emissions from the existing
and proposed sulfur dioxide (SO2) sources in the Port
Angeles, Washington area. The existing SO2 sources
are the Crown Zellerbach and ITT Rayonier Pulp Mills
and the proposed sources are the tankers involved in
the Northern Tier Pipeline Company (NTPC) project.
The specific objectives of the study described in this
report were to: (1) determine, for the existing sources,
the attainment status of the Port Angeles area with re-
spect to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for SO2; (2) evaluate the effects of various
emission control strategies for the existing sources if
Port Angeles is found to be a non-attainment area for
the NAAQS; (3) determine Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (PSD) Increment consumption of the pro-
posed NTPC sources in Class I and Class II PSD
areas; and, (4) determine if the proposed NTPC
sources will cause any area that currently is an attain-
ment area for the NAAQS to become a non-attainment
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Sources,
Washington(State), Transport properties,
Concemratlon(Composition), Sampling, 'Air quality,
•Prevention of Significant Deterioration, 'Port
Angeles(Washington), 'Air pollution sampling, Nation-
al Ambient Air Quality Standards.
PB81-1619S2 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chlorlnatlon of Aquatic Humlc Substances. Final
rept. Jul 76-Aug 80,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. F. Christman, J. D. Johnson, D. L Norwood, W. T.
Liao, and J. R. Mass. Jan 81,178p EPA/600/2-81-016
Grant EPA-R-804430
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of increasing our understanding of the chem-
ical structures of aquatic humic material and their be-
havior during chemical oxidation in particular with chlo-
rine. Experimental methods were devised for the Isola-
tion of humic and fulvic acid fractions from natural sur-
face waters. These methods involve the classical pre-
cipitation of humic acids from large volumes of raw
water followed by concentration through settling and
centrifugation. Futvic acid materials were concentrated
by adsorption on macroreticular XAD-2 resin followed
by base eluUon. Experimental conditions were devised
for the controlled oxidation of these samples with
KMnO4 and with aqueous chlorine solutions followed
by solvent extraction, formation of methyl esters and
GC/MS analysis. The criteria for identification of deg-
radation products employing low resolution El, high
resolution El, and Cl mass spectrometry are Included
December 1983 1025
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In appended material. Chlorination experiments were
also conducted on selected model compounds as dic-
tated by the results of the whole sample degradation
experiments.
Keywords: 'Humic acids, 'Chlorination, 'Water analy-
sis, Oxidation, Gas chromatography, Mass spectros-
copy, Precipitation(Chemistry), Chemical analysis,
Chemical reactions, Potable water, Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Molecular structure, 'Water pollution
detection, XAD 2 resin.
PB8M61960 PC A26/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Hydrologlc Impact* from Potential Coal Strip
Mining - Northern Cheyenne Reservation. Volume
II. Final rept. Jun 75-Deo 79,
Northern Cheyenne Research Project, Lame Deer,
MT.
Charles B. Andrews, Thomas J. Osborne, and Jason
Whlteman. Feb 81,581 p EPA-600/7-80-004B
Grant EPA-R-803566
See also Volume 1, PB81 -155061.
This volume contains data gathered as part of a grant
to the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council to study po-
tential hydrologic impacts resulting from coal develop-
ment.
Keywords: 'Coalmining, 'Hydrology, 'Waterpollution,
Environmental impacts, Hydrogeology, Surface
waters, Ground water, Stream flow, Tables(Data),
Montana, 'Water quality data, Northern Cheyenne
Indian Reservation.
PB81-161978 PC A04/MF A01
Heal'li Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Water Quality In Open Finished Water Reservoirs
- Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Final rept.,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
Jan L Sykora, Richard Roche, Fred L. Kriess, Mark A.
Barath, and Dave Volk. Jan 81,72p EPA-600/1-81-
008
Grant EPA-R-805368
The purpose of this investigation was to study water
quality changes occurring in open reservoirs in the dis-
tribution systems of five water supplies located in Alle-
gheny County, Pennsylvania. Results of chemical, bac-
teriological, and biological analyses showed deteriora-
tion of water quality in the reservoirs, and a significant
improvement in water quality occurred after two of the
reservoirs were covered. A highly significant relation-
ship was observed between density of autotrophic or-
ganisms and endotoxin concentration in the open res-
ervoirs, and a similar relationship between total bacte-
rial population and endotoxin concentration.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Water pollution, Algae, Bac-
teria, Toxictty, Monitoring, Distribution systems, Bioas-
say, Pennsylvania, 'Endotoxins, Allegheny
County(Pennsylvania).
PB81-161986 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Developments at Tenth International Conference
on Water Pollution Research Held at Toronto,
Canada on June 23-27,1980.
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research.
Feb 81,264p* EPA-600/9-81 -012
Grant EPA-R-807269
See also report dated Sep 78, PB-288 650.
This report is an interpretive analysis of formal and in-
formal developments at the Tenth International Con-
ference on Water Pollution Research held in Toronto,
Canada, on June 23-27, 1980. Pertinent conference
developments are summarized and categorized as fol-
lows: modelling of lakes, pathogen removal, eutrophl-
catJon, land disposal, methane fermentation, water-
quality modelling and management, urban runoff, gas
transfer, sludge treatment, toxic materials, biological
wastewater treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus re-
moval, physical-chemical treatment, water reuse,
groundwater, and ocean disposal.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings,
Lakes, Mathematical models, Sludge digestion, Phos-
phorus, Runoff, Urban areas, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Waste water reuse, Acti-
vated sludge process, Nitrification, Canada, Eutrophi-
cation, Ocean waste disposal.
PB81-162083 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Relative Emissions from Double
Mechanical Pump Seals to other Types of Pump
Shaft Seals. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
L. P. Provost, J.E. Tobias, and S. L. Preston. Feb 81,
15p RAD-80-203-001 -21 -01, EPA-600/7-81 -019,,
IERL-RTP-1137
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a comparison of pump seal
data from nine petroleum refineries, to evaluate emis-
sions from double mechanical pump seals versus
those from other types o1 pump shaft seals. Light- and
heavy-liquid service seals were compared separately.
Non-methane leak rates for single and double seals
were compared using schematic plots. Centrifugal/
mechanical pump, centrifugal/packed pump, and re-
ciprocal/packed pump leak rates were also compared
using schematic plots. The percentages of seals leak-
ing and 95 percent confidence intervals about the per-
centage leaking were calculated to evaluate the tend-
ency for pump shaft seals to leak. In all cases, the con-
fidence intervals for the three types of pumps over-
lapped, indicating no significant difference between
pump types for either single or double seals and light-
er heavy-liquid service.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Seals(Stoppers),
*Packings(Seals), 'Petroleum industry, Leakage,
Pumps, Shafts(Machine elements), Comparison,
Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Refineries, 'Fugitive
emissions, Emission factors.
PB81-162190 PC A13/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards. Rept. for Oct 79-Mar 80.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
Mar 80,287p EPA-GAD/1 -80-01
See also PB80-185630.
This publication provides information about the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's State and Local Assist-
ance Program Grants awarded during the period Octo-
ber 1979 - March 1980. It is a companion publication to
Research, Demonstration, training, and Fellowship
awards which lists grants awarded during this time
period other than those to State and Local agencies.
The data is listed by State, program, and grantee
name. Each record provides applicant name, munici-
pality, title, project director, grant identification
number, type of grant award, date and dollar amount of
award.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Grants, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Research projects, Education, Abstracts,
Public health, Tables(Data), Pesticides.
PB81-162372 PC A07/MF A01
Proposed Federal Radiation Protection Guidance
for Occupational Exposure. Background rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
16Jan81,139p* EPA-520/4-81-003
In 1975, the latest year for which comprehensive sta-
tistics are available, there were almost one and a quar-
ter million people potentially exposed to ionizing radi-
ation in their jobs or as students. The Federal radiation
protection guidance noe in effect for most occupation-
al exposure was developed by the Federal Radiation
Council (FRC) and was promulgated by President Ei-
senhower on May 18,1960. Although additional Feder-
al guidance was issued in 1971 for the special case of
exposure of underground uranium miners to radon
decay products, the basic guidance which governs the
exposure of the vast majority of workers has not been
reviewed or modified since it was established in 1960.
In 1970 the President abolished the FRC and trans-
ferred its functions to the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA has developed
recommendations for new radiation protection guid-
ance for workers pursuant to this responsibility to
advise the President on radiation matters affecting
health. This report contains the support for these new
recommendations, which would replace the guidance
now used by Federal agencies to regulate all occupa-
tional exposure to ionizing radiation except the expo-
sure of underground uranium miners to radon decay
products.
Keywords: 'Radiation protection, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Health physics, Exposure, Requirements, Dosage,
Personnel, 'Occupational safety and health, Federal
government, Health risks, Maximum permissible expo-
PB81-162505 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Information System
(FGDIS) Data Base User's Manual,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith. Mar 81,127p*
Sponsored in part by Industrial Environmental Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
This manual is intended to provide a guide to the use
of the Flue Gas Desulfurization Information System
(FGDIS) data base which is a collection of data files
consisting of information pertaining to the design and
performance of flue gas desulfunzation (FGD) sys-
tems. The files are stored at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency National Computer Center (NCC),
Research Triangle Park, NC. Access to these files and
manipulation of the data therein is accomplished via
System 2000, general data base management system
developed by INTEL Corp. and supported by the NCC
Univac 1100 hardware.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution,
'Manuals, Flue gases, Boilers, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, 'Flue gas desulfurization informa-
tion system.
PB81-162943 PC A03/MF A01
Leaching of Radioactive Isotopes from Waste
Solids,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Donald S. Cohen. Jan 81,31 p EPA-520/8-81 -001
The most commonly used empirical model for the
quantity Q of a radioactive isotope leached from a so-
lidified waste as a function of time t is Q = a(t to the 1 /
2 power) + bt, where a and b are empirically deter-
mined constants for a specific leach process involving
a specific isotope. This formula works well for many
solid wastes and can be derived theoretically from a
model employing Ficklan diffusion. However, the for-
mula is known to be totally inaccurate for many other
solids and also in particular for glassy solids which de-
vitrify. Since devitrification and other symptoms of
aging are commonly-occurring processes in the long
term storage of radioactive waste, it is important to
have a correct alternative formula for Q and even more
important to understand the physical processes in-
volved in leaching. A theoretical model involving a gen-
eralized, non-Fickian mechanism for diffusion is de-
rived In this paper and applied to determine Q as a
function of time t. It is found, on the basis of this type of
diffusion which occurs in devitrified glassy solids and
other solid waste materials, that Q=A(t to the 1/4
power) + B{t to the 3/4 power). Here A and B are con-
stants which can be determined empirically, and they
can also be determined phenomenologically in terms
of the fundamental parameters of the diffusion model.
When both formulas are normalized to a common
value, at some instant the new formula predicts larger
initial quantities and faster initial leach rates.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Leaching, Diffusion
theory, Mathematical models, Solid wastes.
PB81-162984 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Screening for the Early Detection of Disease In In-
dividuals Exposed to Vinyl Chloride. Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Carlos H. Tamburro, Charles Kupchella, Kenneth
Taylor, Emanuel Landau, and Hildegarde Maricq. Jan
81,18pEPA-560/6-81-002
Contract EPA-68-01-3859
Prepared in cooperation with Louisville Univ., KY.,
South Carolina Univ., Charleston, and Yale Univ., New
Haven, CT.
1026 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A prospective collaborative study was conducted to
compare the effectiveness of four clinical techniques
In the detection of liver damage due to vinyl chloride
monomer exposure. A chemically exposed and medi-
cally monitored worker population was identified by
histopathological and biochemical documentation.
Three techniques were non-invasive: (a) grey scale ul-
trasonography of the liver, (b) microvasular skin capil-
lary assessment, and (c) urinary analysis of glycosa-
minoglycan excretion. The fourth technique was the
standard 99mTc sulfur colloid radionucleotide liver
spleen scan. The screening studies were performed
on a randomly selected single cohort of chemical
workers. All four techniques were analyzed for their
sensitivity and specificity as compared to results of the
liver biopsy and biochemical blood test classification.
Although all four screening techniques had a sensitivi-
ty and specificity sum greater than one, none were sig-
nificantly better than could be explained by chance or
the use of the biased coin. Reclassification of the pop-
ulation Into those with more severe biochemical abnor-
malities Improved the sensitivity of all screening tests,
but only the sensitivity and specificity sum for the GAG
teststatistlcally significant at the 0.05 level. There was
no Significant correlation between any pair of screen-
Ing test. None of the four screening tests agreed with
the biopsy results better then might be obtained by
biased coin or chance. These screening studies as
presently constituted, do not provide sufficient sensi-
tivity and specificity to warrant their use In community
screening for subclinlcal asymptomatic hepatic Injury
due to chemical exposure.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Toxicology, Industrial hy-
giene, Chlorine organic compounds, Exposure, Liver,
Clinical chemistry, 'Health screening, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Disease detection, *Alr pollution
effects(Humans), Hlstopathology.
PB81-163172 PC A04/MF A01
Benthlc Invertebrates and Data Reporting Chemi-
cal, Physical and Chlorophyll Concentrations of
the Klamath, Smith, and Trinity River Systems
California,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Ala-
meda, CA.
Arthur Noble. Sep 69,62p
As part of the Klamath Basin Comprehensive Study,
benthic invertebrate surveys were conducted of the
Trinity River System in May, August, and October,
1968, and of the Smith and Klamath Systems in May,
1968. The majority of the organisms enumerated were
those which spend a relatively long period of their lives
In an aquatic environment and which require clean
water, high in dissolved oxygen. Accompanying chemi-
cal, physical and chlorophyll data are included. All the
findings suggest that the Trinity, Klamath, and Smith
are clean water systems.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Invertebrates, 'Water pollution,
'Trinity River, 'Klamath River, 'Smith River, Monitor-
ing, Chlorophylls, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, California,
•Water quality data.
PB61-163206 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Removal of Nitrate from Contaminated Water
Supplies for Public Use. Interim rept. Jul 78-Apr 80,
Boyle Engineering Corp., Bakersfield, CA.
Gerald A. Guter. Feb 81,108pEPA-600/2-81-029
Grant EPA-R-805900-01
This research program has the objective to evaluate
the general applicability of three treatment processes
for removal of nitrate from public water supplies. The
processes are reverse osmosis (R.O.), ion exchange,
and the combination of R.O. followed by ion exchange.
The evaluation consists of using laboratory size and
field-test equipment to establish design criteria and op-
erating experience useful for designing a full-scale
plant of approximately 1 mgd capacity.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Inorganic nitrates, Po-
table water, Ion exchanging. Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Adsorption, Cost analysis, Reverse
osmosis.
PB81-1B3214 PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Natural Variation In Abundance of Salmonld Popu-
lations In Streams: A Review,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
James D. Hall, and Ned J. Knight. Feb 81,95p EPA-
600/3-81-021
Grant EPA-CC-80988-J
Literature on stock size and production of salmonid
populations in streams has been reviewed In this
report. The objective is to bring together data on the
magnitude of natural variation in population size and to
relate this variability to environmental conditions
where possible. Recommendations are presented for
the use of this information In designing studies to esti-
mate the impact of nonpoint source pollution.
Keywords: 'Salmon, 'Ecology, 'Streams, 'Water pol-
lution, Reviews, Abundance, Stream flow, Animal mi-
grations, Populations, Feeding stuffs, Environmental
impacts, Habitats.
PB81-163271 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Firefly Luclferaae ATP Assay Davalopmant for
Monitoring Bacterial Concentrations In Water
Supplies. Final rept. 15 Apr 76-30 Jun 77,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Greenbelt, MD. Goddard Space Flight Center.
Grace L. Plcclolo, Emmett W. Chappelle, Jody W.
Demlng, Richard R. Thomas, and David A. Nlbley. Feb
81,37pEPA-600/2-81-014
This research program was Initiated to develop a rapid,
automatable system for measuring total viable micro-
organisms In potable drinking water supplies using the
firefly luclferase ATP assay. The assay was adapted to
an automatable flow system that provided comparable
sensitivity with established methodology 100,000 bac-
teria per ml) and assays in less than 2 minutes. Quality
controls for required reagents were established. To
achieve the sensitivity necessary for bacterial meas-
urements in water, the sample must be concentrated
prior to assay. Filtration systems were evaluated for
ability to concentrate bacteria from large sample vol-
umes rapidly, efficiently, and without damage to the or-
ganisms. Results indicated a limited capability of most
systems to meet project criteria. Promising results
(200 to 600-fold concentration and up to 88% recov-
ery of bacteria) were obtained using hollow fiber con-
centration systems modified to incorporate repeated
backwash steps. Due to manpower constraints, God-
dard Space Flight Center had to discontinue projects
not directly rotated to the space mission and was
unable to continue evaluation and development of a
satisfactory concentration system to oo with the flow
system for the ATP assay.
Keywords: 'Water supply, Enzymes, Bloassay, Devel-
opment, Concentration(Composition), Bacteria, Auto-
mation, Potable water, Microorganisms, Sensitivity,
Quality control, Filtration, 'Adenoslne triphosphate,
'Luciferase, Monitoring, 'Water pollution detection.
PB81-163297 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
User's Manual for the Plume Visibility Model
(PLUVUE). Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Clark D. Johnson, Douglas A. Latimer, Robert W.
Bergstrom, and Henry Hogo. Nov 80,423p EPA-450/
4-80-032
Contract EPA-68-02-0337
The plume visibility model (PLUVUE) is designed to
predict the Impacts of a single emissions source on
visibility in Federal Class I areas. The objective of the
model Is to calculate visual range reduction and at-
mospheric discoloration caused by plumes consisting
of primary particulates, nitrogen oxides and sulfur
oxides. The model uses the Gaussian equation for
transport and dispersion. The spectral radiance Is cal-
culated for views with and without the plume to calcu-
late other parameters related to perceptibility and con-
trast reduction. Plume optics calculations are made for
two modes, plume-based and observer-based. Four
types of calculations can be performed at each down-
wind distance: effects for horizontal lines of sight with
a clear sky background; effects of the plume on hori-
zontal views with white, grey or black viewing object;
views looking down the plume centertlne toward the
source.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Mathematical
models, 'Manuals, Plumes, Particles, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur oxides, Transport properties, 'Plume visibility
model.
PB81-163305 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of Scrubbing Operating Conditions on
Adlplc Acid Degradation. Final rept. Feb-Aug 80,
Acurex Corp., Morrisville, NC.
John C. S. Chang. Feb 81,30p ACUREX/FR-80-17/
SR, EPA-600/7-81-017,, IERL-RTP-1136
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
The report gives results of adlplc acid degradation
tests at EPA\ IERL-RTP limestone S02 scrubber, to
Investigate the effects of operating variables on unac-
countable adiplc acid loss. It was found that: (1) adiplc
acid degradation could not be totally quenched by only
lowering the pH below 5.0; (2) pH change did signifi-
cantly affect unaccountable adlplc acid loss (other fac-
tors may Increase the adlplc acid degradation rate at
both high and low pH); (3) an appreciable amount of
adlplc acid loss was caused by copreclpltatlon with cal-
cium sulflte; and (4) forced oxidation could aggravate
the adiplc acid degradation loss even at pH below 5.0.
Adlplc acid loss could be reduced: at high sulflte con-
centrations (the adlplc acid degradation rate could be
decreased by lowering the destructive free radical con-
centrations by high total sulflte); In the presence of
manganous Ion at low pH (the metal Ion might act as
an Inhibitor to the oxldatlve degradation reaction at low
pH); and with high natural oxidation (the adlplc acid co-
preclpltatlon loss might be reduced with the high natu-
ral oxidation). Adlplc acid degradation (toss) data were
compared from four different; teat facilities. Most of the
data also support these conclusions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Degradation, 'Sulfur dioxide, Adlplc acid, pH,
Oxidation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Comparison, Sulfites, 'Limestone scrubbing.
PB81-1634S3 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Outlook 1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Aug 80,843p EPA-600/8-003
See also report dated Jan 80, PB80-166572.
While in many respects more a blueprint for future re-
ports than a comprehensive assessment of future en-
vironmental trends, this 1980 report marks progress
toward providing participants in the long-range re-
search and development planning process an over-
view of likely environmental futures and an interpreta-
tion and analysis of potentially significant future envi-
ronmental problems.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Environmental Im-
pacts, Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Toxlclty, Radiation hazards, Trends, Forecast-
Ing, 'Industrial sector, Solid wastes, Energy source de-
velopment, SEAS system, Strategic environmental as-
sessment system.
PB6M63677 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Land Treatment and Reuse of Sewage Effluent by
Irrigation: A Perspective for Hawaii. Technical
rept,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Water Resources Research
Center.
L. Stephen Lau. Feb 78, SSp EPA-430/9-78-005
Surrounded by an ocean, the Hawaiian Islands are lim-
ited In their natural freshwater resources. The studies
and current practice utilizing land treatment and reuse
of sewage effluents as irrigation water in Hawaii are
summarized and the probable impact on irrigation
practices and attendant waste water treatment and
monitoring are discussed. Such practices could easily
serve as a model for other areas In the nation that face
future water shortages and Increased water demand.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Irrigation, Waste
water reuse, Water supply, Fresh water, Ground water,
Sugar crops, Grasses, Hawaii, Sewage irrigation,
Water shortage, Water demand.
December 1983 1027
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-163727 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Characterization of Geoklnetlcs'
In-sltu OH Shale Retorting Technology. Final rept.
Nov 78-Jun 80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
G. M. Rinaldi, J. L. Delaney, and W. H. Hedley. Feb 81,
81p MRC-DA-989-1, EPA-600/7-81-021
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
Air emissions and water effluents from true in-situ oil
shale retorting were physically, chemically and biologi-
cally characterized by sampling of Qeokinetics Retort
No. 17, a pilot-scale unit which produced 30 barrels of
crude shale oil per day during testing from July 16 to
July 26, 1979. the potential pollution sources tested
were the retort off-gases before and after mist elimina-
tion, exhaust from thermal incineration of the demister
outlet gases, fugitive gas seepage through the retort
surface and around well castings, retort water after oil
separation, and evaporation pond water. The three
stack gas streams were analyzed for ammonia, arsine,
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen cyanide,
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, paniculate matter, and
trace elements. Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide
were quantified in the fugitive emissions samples.
Water quality parameters, organic priority pollutants,
and trace elements were measured in the two water
samples. Selected air and water pollution samples
were tested for biological activity, using the Ames mu-
tagenicity assay, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
clonal toxicity assay, and the rabbit alveolar macro-
phage (RAM) cytotoxicity assay.
Keywords: *Oil shale, *ln situ combustion, *Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, Sampling, Technology, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Incinerators, Evapo-
ration, Ponds, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Arsine, Ammonia, Hydrogen cyanide, Bioassay, Toxici-
ty, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur, Particles, Trace elements,
Sites, Design criteria, Air pollution sampling, "In-situ
retorting, Mist eliminators, Fugitive emissions.
PB81-163735 MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Characterization of Qeokinetics'
In-sltu OH Shale Retorting Technology: Field and
Analytical Data Appendices. Final rept. Nov 78-Jun
80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
G. M. Rinaldi, J. L. Delaney, and W. H. Hedley. Feb 81,
162p MRC-DA-989-2, EPA-600/7-81-021B
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Microfiche copy only because of poor quality.
Air emissions and water effluents from true in-situ oil
shale retorting were physically, chemically and biologi-
cally characterized by sampling of Geokinetics Retort
No. 17, a pilot-scale unit which produced 30 barrels of
crude shale oil per day during testing from July 16 to
July 26, 1979. the potential pollution sources tested
were the retort off-gases before and after mist elimina-
tion, exhaust from thermal incineration of the demister
outlet gases, fugitive gas seepage through the retort
surface and around well casings, retort water after oil
separation, and evaporation pond water. The three
stack gas streams were analyzed for ammonia, arsine,
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen cyanide,
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, paniculate matter, and
trace elements. Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide
were quantified in the fugitive emissions samples.
Water quality parameters, organic priority pollutants,
and trace elements were measured in the two water
samples. Selected air and water pollution samples
were tested for biological activity, using the Ames mu-
tagenicity assay, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
clonal toxicity assay, and the rabbit alveolar macro-
phage (RAM) cytotoxicity assay.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, *ln situ combustion, *Alr pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, 'Tables(Data), Sampling, Tech-
nology, Industrial wastes, Combusion products, Incin-
erators, Evaporation, Field tests, Ponds, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Arsine, Ammonia, Hydrogen
cyanide, Bioassay, Toxicity, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur,
Particles, Trace elements, Sites, Design criteria, Air
pollution sampling, ' In-situ retorting, Mist eliminators,
Fugitive emissions.
PB81-163743 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Summary of U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Ohmsett Testing, 1974-1979. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Gary W. Smith, and Henry W. Lichte. Feb 81,365p
EPA-600/9-81-007
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Research to evaluate and improve the ability to re-
spond effectively to spills of floating oil and hazardous
materials has been performed at the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's OHMSETT test facility since
August 1974. Over 84 devices were tested under 73
research programs from August 1974 through Novem-
ber 1979. This summary report describes results of
tests on commercial, prototype, and model devices de-
signed to control, contain, recover, detect or measure
floating oil and hazardous material spills. It also de-
scribes research into oil weathering, environmental
monitoring, spill behavior and chemical treating
agents. Conclusions, data tables, and lists of available
reports and films are included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hazardous materials,
Tests, Performance evaluation, Booms(Equipment),
Skimmers, Monitoring, Cleaning, 'Oil spills, Oil pollu-
tion control, Oil pollution removal.
PB81-163867 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Quantitative ultratrace Transition Metal Analysis
of High Salinity Waters Utilizing Chelatlng Resin
Separation: Application to Energy-Related Envi-
ronmental Samples,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Howard M. Kingston. Aug 79,87p EPA-600/7-79-174
In order to accurately evaluate the impact of energy re-
lated activities, such as offshore drilling on the sea
water, it is necessary to measure trace element con-
centrations in the presence of considerably higher
levels of alkali and alkaline earth elements. This report
describes a technique which was developed for the
elimination of the alkali and alkaline earth elements
Na, K, Ca and Mg from the trace transition elements in
sea water samples.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water analysis, 'Transi-
tion metals, 'Offshore drilling, Separation, Sampling,
Trace elements, Chelating resins, Chemical analysis,
Sea water, Neutron activation analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Atomic spectroscopy, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Spark source mass spectroscopy.
PB81-164329 PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Ground Water Protection Strategy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Nov 80,66p EPA/ODW-3
See also report dated Jun 80, PB81-122624.
Public hearings on the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Ground water Protection Strategy were held in
five U.S. cities during January, 1981. This document
outlines the proposed strategy with a discussion of the
assumptions, goal and objectives of the strategy, man-
agement approaches, and technical requirements. An
introductory section provides background material on
ground water and involvement of states, industry,
public Interest groups and others.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water supply, Protection,
Potable water, Government policies, Hazardous mate-
rials, Recommendations, Water quality management,
Objectives.
PB81-164378 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Interagency Workshop on In-sltu Water-Quality
Sensing (2nd): Biological Sensors, Held at Pensa-
cola Beach, Florida on April 28-30, I960,
National Marine Pollution Program Office, Rockville,
ML).
Edwin D. Kennedy. 1980,248p NOAA-81012915
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington. DC., Corps of Engineers, Wash-
ington, DC., and Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
The 2nd Interagency Workshop on In-Situ Water-Qual-
ity Sensing: Biological Sensors, was convened at Pen-
sacola Beach, Florida during the period April 2-30,
1980. The purpose of the workshop was to review the
potential of biological mechanisms and organisms as
tools for bioassay, measurement and detection of
water-quality parameters, with a view toward the de-
velopment of automated in-situ sensors. A total of 14
papers were presented at the workshop. They covered
traditional biological measurements, organism re-
sponses as tools for detection, enzymes as tools for
detection, and organisms as samplers and bioaccumu-
lators.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings,
Aquatic biology, Toxicity, Algae, Fishes, Enzymes, Bio-
assay, Hazardous materials, Bioluminescence, Bacte-
ria, Marine biology, Indicator species, "Bioindicators.
PB81-164402 PC A99/MF A01
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
World Survey of Current Research and Develop-
ment on Roads and Road Transport (1980). Annual
rept.
International Road Federation, Washington, DC.
Dec 80,839p* FHWA/RD-80-201
Contract DOT-FH-11 -8893
See also report for 1979, PB80-140155. Prepared in
cooperation with Organization for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development, Paris (France) and Transporta-
tion Research Board, Washington, DC.
This is the fifteenth annual report of the International
Road Federation's continuing World survey of current
Research and Development on Roads and Road
Transport. It covers a total of 54 countries, including
the United States. Since 1965 the series has reported
on the activities in 77 countries, having included a cu-
mulative total of 72,414 entries, corresponding to
some 33,000 individual projects. Thirty-five in-depth
studies on selected technical subjects have also been
completed under the program. It represents the only
world-wide inventory of highway research in progress,
being a cooperative effort of the Federal Highway Ad-
ministration and the International Road Federation.
The purpose of the R & D report is to provide for all
who may be interested in highway matters a simple,
timely record and summary of current highway re-
search and development throughout the World. The
purpose is not only to compile and record the existing
projects, but to encourage an interchange of informa-
tion among researchers. The ultimate goal is to assist
the countries in developing more productive highway
research programs which will mean better and safer
roads, lower maintenance costs and better living.
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Highway transportation, 'Re-
search projects, Transportation management, Foreign
countries, Highway planning, Construction, Pave-
ments, Maintenance management, Urban transporta-
tion, Traffic engineering, Construction materials, Traf-
fic safety, 'Foreign technology, Transportation plan-
ning, Roadside development.
PB81-164428 PC A18/MF A01
World Meteorological Organization, Geneva (Switzer-
land).
Global Monitoring of the Environment for Select-
ed Atmospheric Constituents -1975.
National Climatic Center, Asheville, NC.
Sep 77,424p NOAA-81012910
Sponsored in part by World Meteorological Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland), and Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC.
The World Meteorological Organization established a
network of baseline and regional air monitoring sta-
tions and in 1972 invited member countries to partici-
pate in a global turbidity and precipitation chemistry
measurement program. It is the aim of the organization
through this program to determine current levels of at-
mospheric pollution, and to identify long-term trends in
the concentration of significant constituents which
may affect the environment sufficiently to induce cli-
matic changes. This publication presents atmospheric
turbidity computations, contributed worldwide precipi-
tation chemistry data, and carbon dioxide (CO2) meas-
urements are also included for each parameter when
available. Atmospheric turbidity observations submit-
ted to the National Climatic Center on a monthly basis
serve as input to tabulations given in this publication.
Tabulations are presented for 19 countries.
1028 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric composition,
Monitoring, Turbidity, Carbon dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Preolpitation(Chemistry).
PB81-164600 CP T13
UNAMAP (Version 4), User's Network tor Applied
Modeling of Air Pollution. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
D. Bruce Turner, and Adrian D. Busse. 25 Feb 81, mag
tapeEPA/DF-81/001
Supersedes Rept. no. EPA/DF-78/005, PB-277 193.
Source tape Is in ASCII character set. Restricted to 9
track 1 /2 inch tape. Identity mode by specifying densi-
ty only. Price includes documentation, PB-294 791,
PB-294 792, PB-271 360, PB-227 346, PB-274 040,
PB-213 091, PB-239 944, PB-274 054, PB-281 306,
PB80-227572, PB80-197361, PB80-227556, PB80-
133044, PB80-133051, PB81-164618, PB81-164626,
PB81-164634, PB81-164642, PB81-164659, PB81-
164667.
The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollu-
tion UNAMAP (Version 4) contains 21 air quality simu-
lation models (AQSM). These models input emission
and meteorological data to calculate projected air pol-
lutant concentrations. UNAMAP contains state-of-the-
art dispersion research algorithms supported by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of
Research and Development. The UNAMAP (Version
4) contains ten (10) new models. In addition, most of
the original UNAMAP models have undergone exten-
sive revision. The models are: COMPLEX II - is a multi-
ple point source code with terrain adjustment. COM-
PLEX I - is a multiple point source code with terrain ad-
justment representing a sequential modeling bridge
between VALLEY and COMPLEX II. BLP (Buoyant
Line and Point Source Dispersion Model) - is a gaus-
sian plume dispersion model associated with alumi-
num reduction plants. RAM - Short-term gaussian
steady-state algorithm estimates concentrations of
stable pollutants. CRSTER - estimates ground-level
concentrations resulting from up to 19 collocated ele-
vated stack emissions. CDM - this climatological dis-
persion model determines long-term quasi-stable pol-
lutant concentrations. CDMOC - CDM altered to pro-
vide implementation of calibration and of averaging
time transformations. APRAC - computes hourly aver-
ages of carbon monoxide for any urban location.
HlWAY - computes the hourly concentrations of non-
reactive pollutants downwind of roadways. VALLEY -
is a steady-state, univariate gaussian plume dispersion
algorithm. TEM (Texas Episodic Model) - is a short
term, steady-state gaussian plume model for determin-
ing short-term concentrations of non-reactive pollut-
ants. TCM (Texas Climatological Model) is a climato-
logical, steady-state gaussian plume model for deter-
mining long-term average pollutant concentrations of
non-reactive pollutants. PAL (Point, Area, Line Source
Algorithm) - this short-term gaussian steady-state al-
gorithm estimates concentrations of stable pollutants-
trom point, area, and line sources. PTPLU - is a point
source dispersion gaussian screening model for esti-
mating maximum surface concentrations for one-hour
concentrations. MPTER - is a multiple point-source
gaussian model with optional terrain adjustments.
HIWAY2 - update of HlWAY. ISCST (Industrial Source
Complex Short-Term) is a steady-state gaussian
Plume model which can be used to access pollutant
concentrations from an industrial source complex.
ISCLT (Industrial Source Complex Long-Term) - is a
steady-state gaussian plume model which can be used
to access pollutant concentrations from an industrial
source complex. PTMAX - performs an analysis of the
maximum short-term concentrations from a single
Point source as a function of stability and wind speed.
[•TDIS - Estimates short-term concentrations directly
downwind of a point source at distances specified by
[he user. PTMTP - estimates for a number of arbitrarily
located receptor points at or above ground level, the
concentrations from a number o1 point
sources...Software Description: The system is written
"1 the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
nwmtatlon on a UNlVAC 1100/82 computer using the
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
program which performs an analysis of the maxium,
short-term concentration from a point source as a
function of stability and wind speed. PTDIS is an inter-
active program which computes short-term concentra-
tions downwind from a point source at distances speci-
fied by the user. PTMTP is an Interactive program
which computes, at multiple receptors, short term con-
centrations resulting from multiple point sources. All of
the models are part of the UNAMAP version 4 collec-
tion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
Mathematical models, Manuals,
Concentration(Composition), *UNAMAP models,
•PTMAX model, 'PTDIS model, 'PTMTP model, User
guides, Air quality, Point sources.
PB81-164683 PC A17/MF A01
Proceedings of the Symposium on the Develop-
ment, Use and Value of Water Quality Criteria and
Standards at Washington, DC, on June 23-25,
1980,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Bruce A. Bell, and Charles R. Bostater. 1980,379p*
Grant EPA-T-901119
Sponsored in part by Maryland Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Annapolis, Virginia State Water Control
Board, Richmond, District of Columbia Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Services, Washington, and George Wash-
ington Univ., Washington, DC. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
A Symposium on The Development, Value and Use of
Water Quality Criteria and Standards was held at The
George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. on
June 23 through 25,1980. The purpose or the Sympo-
sium was to provide a forum for policy and scientific
presentations concerning the current and future role of
water quality criteria and standards in water quality
management. The primary areas covered are: Ap-
proaches to Water Quality Management; Implementa-
tion of Water Quality Criteria and Standards; Human
Health Effects in Development of Criteria and Stand-
ards; Protection of Aquatic Biota in Developing Criteria
and Standards; Monitoring, Sampling and Analysis to
Support Criteria and Standards; Predicting Concentra-
tions of Chemicals in the Environment.
Keywords: 'Policies, 'Water quality management,
'Meetings, Water pollution, Standards,
Law(Jurisprudence), Public health, Aquatic animals,
Aquatic plants, Hazardous materials, 'Water quality
criteria.
PB81-164824 PC A03/MF A01
Evaporative and Exhaust Emissions of Two Auto-
mobiles Fueled with Volatility Adjusted Oasohol.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
David C. Lawrence, and Daniel J. Niemczak. Dec 80,
28pEPA-AA-TEB-81-12
This paper presents the objectives and results of a ve-
hicle emission test program conducted by trie U.S.
EPA in July 1980. The program was designed to inves-
tigate the effects of using various gasonol blends on
vehicle evaporative and exhaust emissions. Particular
emphasis was directed towards a blended gasonol
whose volatility characteristics were adjusted to match
as closely as possible those of a baseline gasoline.
Two vehicles received triplicate tests on each of four
fuels. The analysis also included a gas chromatograph
characterization of the SHED vapors for ethanol con-
centrations and a comparison of carbon balance fuel
economy versus volumetric fuel economy.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Exhaust emissions,
Gasoline, Ethanols, Exhaust gases, Fuel consumption,
Volumetric analysis, Chromatographlc analysis, Air
pollution, 'Gasohol.
PB81-164915 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 29 Primary Copper Industry.
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jul 80,155p EPA-600/2-80-170
Contract EPA-68-03-2577
See also Chapter 28, PB80-225717.
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environ-
mental Use was developed as an aid in defining the
environmental impacts of industrial activity in the
United States. Entries for each industry are in consist-
ent format and form separate chapters of the study.
The primary copper industry as defined for this study
consists of mining, beneficfation, smelting, and refin-
ing. A profile of the industry Is given including plant lo-
cations, capacities, and various statistics regarding
production and consumption of copper, co-products,
and by-products. The report summarizes the various
commercial routes practiced domestically for copper
production in a series of process flow diagrams and
detailed process descriptions. Each process descrip-
tion includes available data regarding Input materials,
operating conditions, energy and utility requirements,
waste streams produced (air, water, and solid waste),
and control technology practices and problems.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Metal industry, 'Environmental
surveys, Air pollution control, Water pollution control,
Mining, Refining, Smelting, Profiles, Manufacturing,
Process charting, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts.
PB81-165128 PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Modifications of K2-Temperature Rela-
tion and Least Squares Estimates of BOD (Bio-
chemical Oxygen Demand) Parameters. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Linfield C. Brown, Michael K. Stenstrom, and Thomas
O. Barnwell, Jr. Dec 80,14p EPA-600/J-80-211
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering Division,
Proceedings of American Society of Civil Engln
V106 nEE6p1197-12021980.
Engineers,
A technique Is presented for finding the least squares
estimates for the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) and rate coefficient for the BOD reaction with-
out resorting to complicated computer algorithms or
subjective graphical methods. This may be used in
stream water quality surveys and operational studies
of sewage treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Streams, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
•Water quality, 'Sewage treatment, Mathematical
models, Least squares method, Reprints.
PB81-165144 PC A02/MF A01
Summary and Analysis of Comments to the Draft
Recommended Practice for Measurement of Qas-
eous and Paniculate Emissions from Heavy-Duty
Diesel Engines under Transient Conditions. Tech-
nical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel Heiser. Nov BO, 25p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-22
EPA will soon publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemak-
Ing (NPRM) for the control of heavy-duty diesel panic-
ulate emissions for 1985 and later model year engines.
Because the early establishment of a test procedure is
essential for obtaining test data in response to the pro-
posal, a draft paniculate test procedure was distribut-
ed to interested parties in May 1979. The document
was accompanied by a request for comments and sug-
gested modifications. Two heavy-duty diesel manufac-
turers, Cummins and Caterpillar, submitted comments
addressing the draft paniculate test procedure. This
report consists of a review of these comments and
recommendations for changes to the draft test proce-
dure.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Exhaust emis-
sions, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Reprints, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
•Diesel exhaust.
PB81-165161 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Barlte on Melofauna In a Flow-Through
Experimental System.
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
Frank R. Cantelmo, M. E. Tagatz, and K. Ranga Rao.
1980,12p EPA-600/J-79-118,, EHL.GB-J108
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 0141-1136/
79/0002-0301, p301-309 1979.
The effects of barite (BaSO4), a major constituent of
drilling muds used In marine oil drilling operations, on
meiofauna were studied In an experimental flow-
through system. Aquaria containing sand or varying
proportions of barite and sand received a continuous
supply of unfiltered seawater from Santa Rosa Sound,
Florida, for ten weeks. At the end of this period the
composition, biomass and vertical distribution of the
meiofauna were determined. Rotifera, Foramlnlfera,
Hydrozoa, Turbellaria, Ostracoda, Polychaeta and Bi-
valvia did not exhibit significant differences between
control and experimental aquaria. A marked decrease
in meiofaunal density was evident in aquaria contain-
ing 5.5 cm of sand covered with a 0.5 cm layer of
barite.
Keywords: 'Barite, 'Marine biology, 'Water pollution,
Offshore drilling, Drilling fluids, Abundance, Toxicity,
Nematoda, Foraminifera, Marine microorganisms, Re-
prints, Water pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB81-166169 PC A02/MF A01
Contribution of Marine Algae to Trlhalomethane
Production In Chlorinated Estuarlne Water. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Allan M. Crane, Stanton J. Erickson, and Cynthia E.
Hawkins. 19 Nov 79,13p EPA-600/J-80-215
Pub. in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 2, p239-
2491980.
Three species of marine algae representing major tax-
onomic groups of phytoplankton, Isochrysis galbana
(Chrysopnyceae), Carteria sp. (Chlorophyceae), and
thalasslosira pseudonana (Bacillariphyceae), were uti-
lized to investigate the potential of natural occurring
chlorophyll a of living algae to produce trihalometh-
anes during the chlorination of saline waters. Chlorina-
tlon of filtered natural estuarine water (sallnity-23
p.p.t.) from the North Edisto River, South Carolina, re-
sults in rapid formation of 201-221 microgram/l trlhalo-
methanes comprised mainly of bromoform (CHBr3)
and chlorodibromomethane (CHBr2CI). In the pres-
ence of 10 to the 6th power cells /ml Isochrysis gal-
bana, chlorination of filtered estuarine water with
sodium hypochlorlte (NaOCI) to a nominal 10 mg/l
chlorine increased the total trihalomethane concentra-
tion by an average of 41% (N=6). The presence of
Thalasslosira pseudonana resulted In an average 24%
decrease (N=6) while Carteria sp. did not produce a
statistically significant effect upon the total trihalo-
methane concentration formed.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Chlorination, 'Estuaries, 'Water
pollution, Halogen organic compounds, North Edisto
River, South Carolina, Chloroform, Chlorophylls, Bro-
moform, Reprints, Isochrysis galbana, Carteria, Tha-
lassioslra pseudonana.
PB81-165177 Not available NTIS
Waterbome Qlardlasls: A Communltywlde Out-
break of Dlaease and a High Rate of Asymptomat-
ic Infection. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Carlos E. Lopez, Abuert C. Dykes, Dennis D. Juranek,
Susanne P. Sinclair, and Judity M. Conn. c1980,14p
EPA-600/J-80-214
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v112 n4 p495-
507 1980.
A communitywide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness
due to Giardla lamblia Infection occurred in the city of
Berlin, New Hampshire, during April and May 1977.
The clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory aspects of
this outbreak are described here. In 213 predominantly
symptomatic cases of G. lamblia infection diagnosed
at the local hospital laboratory in a 6-week period, ill-
ness was characterized by prolonged diarrhea
(median duration 10 days) and 13% of symptomatic in-
fections required hospltallzatlon. Treatment with either
qulnacrlne or metronldazole was generally followed by
symptomatic improvement. A communitywide survey
of the city residents revealed that the majority (76%) of
G. lamblia Infections occurring during the epidemic
period were asymptomatic and ran a self-limited
course without treatment No significant secondary,
person-to-person spread occurred and no enteric
pathogens other than G. lamblia were implicated.
Keywords: 'Diseases, 'Infectious diseases, New
Hampshire, Epidemiology, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Signs and symptoms, Glardiasis, Gastrointestinal
diseases, Viruses, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Infections, Giardla lamblia, Berlln(New Hampshire).
1030 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-165186 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Fate of Inhaled Fly Ash In Hamsters. Journal arti-
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Rlchland, WA.
A. P. Wehner, C. L. Wilkerson, J. A. Mahaffey, and E.
M. Mllliman. 22 Nov 79,16p EPA-600/J-80-205
Contract EPA-68-02-2457
Pub. In Environmental Research 22, p485-49S 1980.
To determine pulmonary deposition, translocation, and
clearance of inhaled fly ash, hamsters received a
single 95-min nose-only exposure to neutron-activated
fly ash. Over a period of 99 days postexposure, the
hamsters were sacrificed in groups of six animals.
Lungs, liver, kidneys, decapitated and skinned car-
cass, pelt, head, gastrointestinal tract, urine, and feces
were collected for analysis of the radionuclide tracers
46Sc, 59Fe, and 60Co by gamma-ray spectrometry.
The fly ash burden estimates as determined by the ra-
dionuclides 46Sc and 59Fe are In good agreement for
the majority of samples analyzed. Such close agree-
ment indicates fly ash particulate levels in the lungs,
carcass, head, pelt, Gl tract, and feces rather than
[eached radionuclides. Relative to the 46Sc and 59Fe-
based estimates, fly ash deposition estimates ob-
tained with the isotope 60Co were appreciably lower
'or the lungs and appreciably higher for one or more
sacrifice times for carcass, liver, head, pelt, and urine
samples. This indicates that 60Co (and thus the ele-
ment cobalt) selectively leached from fly ash deposit-
ed in the deep lung, translocated to other sites, and
was excreted in the urine. An estimated average of 63
micrograms fly ash, or 2 to 3% of the inhaled fly ash,
was Initially retained in the respiratory tract. The esti-
mated biological half-times of the fly ash were 2.6 and
34.5 days, probably for the airways and for the deep
lung, respectively. After 99 days, the mean lung
burden had decreased to about 10% of its initial value.
Keywords: *Fly ash, "Toxicology, Pathology, Ham-
sters, Laboratory animals, Air pollution, Exposure, La-
beled substances, Radioactive isotopes, Respiration,
Reprints, *Alr pollution effects(Animals), Particulates,
Toxic substances, Biological effects.
PB81-165193 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma as an Ion
Source lor Mass Spectrometrlc Determination of
Trace Elements. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Robert S. Houk, Velmer A. Fassel, Gerald D. Flesch,
Harry J. Svec, and Alan L. Gray. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-
80-216
Contract W-7405-eng-82
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v52 nl4 p2283-2289
1980. Prepared in cooperation with Surrey Univ., Guild-
ford (England).
Solution aerosols are injected into an Inductively cou-
pled argon plasma (ICP) to generate a relatively high
number density of positive ions derived from elemental
constituents. A small fraction of these Ions Is extracted
through a sampling orifice into a differentially pumped
vacuum system housing an ion lens and quadrupole
mass spectrometer. The positive ion mass spectrum
obtained during nebulizatlon of a typical solvent (1 per-
cent HNO3 in H20) consists mainly of ArH(+), Ar(+),
H30(-(-), H20(+), N0(+). 02(+), HO(+), Ar2(+),
Ar2H(+), and Ar(+2). The mass spectra of the trace
elements studied consist principally of singly charged
monatomte (M+) or oxide (MO+) ions in the correct
relative Isotoplc abundances. Analytical calibration
curves obtained In an integration mode show a work-
Ing range covering nearly 4 orders of magnitude with
detection limits of 0.002-0.06 microgram per milliliter
for those elements studied. This approach offers a
direct means of performing trace elemental and iso-
topic determinations on solutions by mass spectrome-
try.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Trace elements,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment, Isotopes,
Argon compounds, Water, Heavy water, Oxygen, Ni-
trogen oxides, Solutions, Reprints, 'Plasma spectros-
copy, Hydroxyl radical.
PB8M6B227 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Guide to TVA-HYSIM. A Hydrologlc Pro-
gram for Quantifying Land-Use Change effects.
Final rept. Jun 75-Nov 80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris.
Roger P. Betson, Jerad Bales, and Harold E. Pratt. Nov
80,98p EPA-600/7-80-04B
TVA-HYSIM is a computer package containing com-
plex hydrologic models specifically designed for ease
of application in land-use planning studies. This user's
guide outlines the information required to operate the
programs and how this Information is obtained, shows
examples of input and output, and provides examples
of job controls needed to operate the program. TVA-
HYSIM is not adapted to handling dynamic land-use
conditions, but rather is designed to be used as a plan-
ning tool, so that the end effects of the land-use
change can be evaluated before the change occurs.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Land use, Mathematical
models, Stream flow, Runoff, Watersheds, Soil proper-
ties, Permeability, Drainage, Flooding, Rainfall, Sedi-
ments, Erosion, Fortran, Computerized simulation,
Storm water runoff, 'Unit hydrographs, TVA-HYSIM
models.
PB81-165243 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
EPA Program Conference Report Oil Shale, Pro-
ceedings of the EPA/Industry Forum (1st) Held at
Denver Stauffer Inn, Denver, Colorado on January
23-24,1979,
CK GeoEnergy Corp., Las Vegas, NV.
H. F. Coffer, Alden Christiansen, William N. McCarthy,
Jr., Harry Pforzhelmer, and Terry L. Thoem. Jul 79,70p
EPA-600/9-79-025
Contract EPA-68-01-5029
Seventy-five representatives of industry, the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy,
and the Colorado state government participated in the
first EPA/Industry oil shale forum. Highlights of the
meeting included reviews of eleven active oil shale de-
velopment projects by representatives of the operating
companies.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Oil shale, Environmental Im-
pacts, Projects, Reviewing, Proceedings, 'Resource
development, 'Oil shale industry.
PB81-185326 PC A02/MF A01
Chlronomldae Toxlclty Tests-Biological Back-
ground and Procedures. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN
R. L. Anderson. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-217
Pub. in Aquatic Invertebrate Bloassays, ASTM STP
715, p70-80 1980.
Toxicity tests must be based on an understanding of
the test animal's life cycle. The first section of this
report describes the biological information needed to
develop toxicity test procedures. The second section
describes three categories of toxicity test systems -
short-exposure, partial life-cycle, and life-cycle expo-
sures. Each researcher has developed a procedure to
solve a particular problem. Therefore, it is Impossible
to provide specific recommendations for a general tox-
.Icity test. In practice, anyone using chironomids should
establish a clear experimental objective and then
select the test species. The required biological infor-
mation and test procedure can then be obtained from
the literature or developed by experimentation.
Keywords: 'Bloassay, 'Toxicology, 'Life cycles, Dlp-
tera, Tests, Invertebrates, Aquatic biology, Proce-
dures, Reprints, Chlronomidae, Midges.
PB81-165334 PC A02/MF A01
Volatile Halocarbon Production from the Chlorlna-
tlon of Marine Algal Byproducts, Including D-Man-
nltol. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Allan M. Crane, Peter Kovacic, and Eric D. Kovaclc.
1980,6p EPA-600/J-80-221, ERL.GB-J928
Pub. In Environmental Science and Toxicology, v14
n11 p1371 -1374 Nov 80. Prepared in cooperation with
Wisconsin Unlv.-Milwaukee. Dept. of Chemistry and
Harvard Univ., Cambridge. MA. Dept. of Chemistry.
The ability of various exudates of marine algae to
produce chloroform during solution chlorinatlon was
Investigated. D-Mannitol generated amounts that In-
creased markedly with Increase In pH, whereas glycer-
ol under similar conditions yielded little product. L-Pro-
line exerted an inhibiting effect. The mechanism of the
D-mannitol reaction Is believed to proceed via forma-
tion of a ketolactone which undergoes ring opening by
chloride, followed by the classical haloform process.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Chlorination, 'Water pollution, pH,
Halogen organic compounds, Sugar alcohols, Glycer-
ol, Proline, Reprints, Isochrysls galbana, Thalasslosira
pseudonana, Carterla, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms.
PB81-166342 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Hazardous Organic Chemicals In
Fish from the Ashtabula River, Ohio, and Wabash
River, Indiana. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Douglas W. Kuehl, Edward N. Leonard, Kenneth J.
Welch, and Gilman D. Velth. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-80-
220
Pub. in Jnl. of Association of Official Analytical Chem-
ists, v63 n6 p1238-12441980.
Composite fish samples from the Wabash River, Indi-
ana, and the Ashtabula River, Ohio, were analyzed by
conventional pesticide procedures for PCBs, DDTs,
chlordane components, and hexachlorobenzene. Ad-
ditional aliquots of each sample were processed by gel
permeation chromatography and were analyzed with
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by using both
electron Impact and negative chemical ionization
modes. These analyses resulted in the identification of
a series of chlorinated alkanes, chlorinated alkenes,
chlorinated alkylamines containing 2-5 carbons, and
polychlorinated styrenes in the Ashtabula River
sample, and a series of chlorinated norbornenes, pen-
tachlorobenzyl alcohol, and pentachlorophenol in the
Wabash River sample.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Fishes, 'Tissue extracts, Sampling, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Pesticides, DDT, Chlordan,
Ashtabula River, Ohio, Wabash River, Indiana, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Benzene/
hexachloro, Phenol/pentachloro, Alcohol/benzyl-pen-
tachloro, Chlorinated norbornenes.
PB81-165359 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Ion Mobilities In Air and Sulfur
Dioxide-Air Mixtures as a Function of Tempera-
ture. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Phil A. Lawless, and Leslie E. Sparks. 20 Sep 79,8p
EPA-600/J-80-225,, IERL-RTP-P-385
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v14 p481-483 1980.
The paper discusses the measurement of ion mobili-
ties for air with varying concentrations of water vapor
and for dilute SO2/air mixtures. The conditions used
were fairly comparable to those experienced in elec-
trostatic precipKators (ESPs), both laboratory and full-
scale units. The mobilities of the negative ions exhibit-
ed a fairly strong temperature dependence. The re-
duced mobilities tor S02/air mixtures were compara-
ble to the reduced mobility for air. The results should
be useful in ESP modeling applications.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ionic mobility, 'Elec-
trostatic precipitators, Sulfur oxides, Mathematical
models, Temperature, Mixtures, Water vapor, Re-
prints.
PB81-165367 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Spray Charging and Trapping Scrubber for Fugi-
tive Particle Emission Control. Journal article,
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
Shui-Chow Yung, Seymour Calvert, and Dennis C.
Drehmel. Oct80,6p EPA-600/J-80-226,, IERL-RTP-
P-384
Contract EPA-68-02-3109
Pub. lnJAPCA,v30n11 p1208-1211 Nov 80.
The paper gives results of theoretical and experimen-
tal evaluations of the control of fugitive process emis-
sions (FPE) with a Spray Charging and Trapping
(SCAT) scrubber. Theoretical calculations showed that
December 1983 1031
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
collection is better than 90% for all particle sizes. The
SCAT uses an air curtain or jets to contain, convey,
and divert the FPE into a charged spray scrubber. Ex-
periments were performed on an 8000-cfm bench
scale spray scrubber to verify the theory and feasibility
of collecting fugitive particles with charged water
spray. The results of the experiments and the compari-
son between theory and data are presented. The air
curtain, developed for conveying the FPE to the spray
scrubber, for collecting the crosswind, and containing
hot buoyant plume, can achieve a smaller expansion
angle and a lower entrapment rate than those report-
ed in the literature. The design and air flow field for the
air curtain are presented. The air curtain successfully
deflected crosswind up to 15 mph and containing hot
buoyant plume. At an air curtain/spray scrubber sepa-
ration of 3 m, an air curtain with slot width of 5.1 cm
and air exit velocity of 20 m/s can contain a hot plume
rising at a velocity of 200 cm/s and has a temperature
of470C.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Scrub-
bers, * Particles, Leakage, Dust, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Reprints, 'Fugitive emissions,
•SCAT scrubbers, Numerical solution.
PB81-165391 PC A17/MF A01
Energy Conservation In Municipal Wastewater
Treatment. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
George M. Wesner, Gordon L. Culp, Thomas S.
Lineck, and Daniel J. Hinrichs. Mar 78,390p EPA-430/
9-77-011.EPA/MCD-32
This technical report provides information for primary
and some secondary energy use and primary energy
conservation in the EPA municipal wastewater treat-
ment construction grants program. Primary energy is
the energy used in the operation of a facility, such as
the electricity used in the various processes and space
heating. Secondary energy for the purposes of this
report is defined as the energy required to manufac-
ture chemicals and other consumable materials used
in municipal wastewater treatment. Secondary energy
requirements for treatment plant construction materi-
als, such as concrete and steel, were not determined
in this study. In addition to identifying energy utilization
and conservation for a wide range of treatment alter-
natives available to meet the standards, the report will
aid in screening alternatives for their energy reduction
potential. The report should be useful to municipalities,
since municipal operations including energy costs are
financed by user charges.
Keywords: *Sewage treatment, Water pollution con-
trol, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic processes, Sewage filtration,
'Energy conservation, Incineration, Anaerobic diges-
tion, Energy requirements, Sewage treatment plants,
Sludge treatment.
PB81-165425 PC A10/MF A01
Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Units 4
and 5, Citrus County, Florida. Final Environmental
Impact Statement for Proposed Issuance for a
New Source National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System Permit
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jan 81,213p EPA-904/9-81 -056
See also PB80-228034, PB80-225048, and PB80-
225055.
Florida Power Corporation proposes to construct and
operate two 695 MW (gross) capacity coal-fired elec-
tric generating plants at the existing Crystal River com-
plex in northwest Citrus County, Florida. The EIS ex-
amines project alternatives, impacts, and mitigative
measures related to groundwater, air, surface water,
ecological, and socioeconomic and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Electric power plants, Environmental impacts, "Coal
fired power plants, Citrus County(Florida).
PB81-165441
PC A14/MF A01
Spokane County Comprehensive Wastewater
Management Plan. Draft Environmental Impact
Statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb81,309p EPA-910/9-81-079
1032 Vol. 83, No. 26
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
In 1979 Spokane County initiated a comprehensive
wastewater management plan to identify ways to elimi-
nate on-site waste disposal facilities in the highly ur-
banized unincorporated areas that surround the city of
Spokane. The draft plan recommends a phased pro-
gram of constructing trunk interceptors, storage
basins, and collection systems in the county. In this
draft EIS, EPA has examined the environmental con-
sequences of both phases of Spokane County's com-
prehensive wastewater management plan.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Construction, Sewers, Water
storage, Odors, Land use, Noise pollution, Recreation,
Dust, Esthetics, Washington(State), Spokane
County(Washington).
PB81-165508 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Resource Extraction and Handling Div.
Evaluation of Fugitive Dust Emissions from
Mining. Draft rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
George Jutze, Kenneth Axetell, and Robert Amick.
1980,127p EPA-600/9-76-001
Contract EPA-68-02-1321
This evaluation of fugitive dust air pollution from mining
operations identifies and compiles currently available
information on emission sources and rates, regulatory
approaches, control techniques, measuring and moni-
toring techniques, health and welfare effects, and re-
search programs related to mining activities. The as-
sembled information serves as a basis for the design
of near-term research and development programs that
might be implemented by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. The scope of the study includes both sur-
face and underground mining plus related operations
normally performed at the mine sites, such as crushing
and storage. Nearly all paniculate emissions at mines
are categorized as fugitive dust because they general-
ly are emitted at ground level as a result of equipment
activity or material transfer rather than from stacks.
Keywords: 'Mines, 'Air pollution, Particles, Sources,
Monitoring, Regulations, Air pollution control, Public
health, Dust, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB81-165623 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Sulfur Emission: Control Technology and Waste
Management,
Calculon Corp., Arlington, VA.
Charles R. Beek. May 79,33p EPA-600/9-79-019
Contract EPA-68-02-3078
This report describes the environmental impacts from
uncontrolled sulfur emissions and types of emission
control technologies used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Coal,
Coal preparation, Cleaning, Coal gasification, Fluidized
bed processes, Flue gases, Sulfur dioxide, Environ-
mental impacts, Solid waste disposal, Reviews, Re-
viewing, Environmental engineering, Coal liquefaction,
Fluidized bed combustion, State of the art.
PB81-165789
PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Spontaneous Abortion and Exposure during Preg-
nancy to the Herbicide 2,4,5-T. Final rept.,
Amencan Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Maureen Hatch, and Jennie Kline. Feb 81,62p EPA-
560/6-81-006
Contract EPA-68-01-3859
Prepared in cooperation with Columbia Univ., New
York.
The purpose of this study is to identify locations in the
United States where community exposure to the phen-
oxy herbicide 2,4, 5 can be examined in relation to the
risk of spontaneous abortion and other adverse preg-
nancy outcomes. Prior ecologic studies evaluating the
reproductive consequences of exposure to 2, 4, 5-T
have produced equivocal results. In this report, the au-
thors consider what research strategies and what pop-
ulations may be used to generate evidence that can be
more readily interpreted. Issues relating to the nature
of the exposure (e.g. seasonal use, unknown dose
level and fate in the environment) and to ascertain-
ment of spontaneous abortions (e.g., memory bias,
variability in medical service use) are discussed. Two
candidate study areas are investigated. Research ap-
proaches suitable to each site are set out and as-
sessed for their potential to provide a powerful, valid
test of the relationship of 2,4, 5-T use to spontaneous
abortion.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Pa-
cific Northwest Region(United States), Pregnancy,
Chlorine organic compounds, United States, Expo-
sure, Risk, Abortion, Reproduction(Biology), Epidemi-
ology, Communities, Arkansas, Questionnaires, *T 2-
4-5 herbicide, 'Toxic substances, Acetic acid/trichlor-
ophenoxy, Health risks, Environmental health.
PB81-165797 PC A03/MF A01
Processing Procedures for SIP Revisions (And
111(d) Plans),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ted Creekmore, and Joseph Sableski. Mar 81,49p
EPA-450/2-81-002
The guideline summarizes State Implementation Plans
(SIPs) processing procedures used by EPA's Regional
Offices and Headquarters to propose and promulgate
SIP provisions. The guideline contains a discussion of
how SIPs are classified as normal or special action,
and how SIPs are processed according to these classi-
fications. It also contains a description of the role of
various EPA Headquarters offices in SIP review, and a
brief discussion of the components of a Federal Regis-
ter action.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Re-
visions, Guidelines, 'Implementation air pollution plan-
ning, State implementation plans, Clean Air Act of
1977, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB81-165821 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Negative Chemical lonlzation Studies of Human
and Food Chain Contamination with Xenoblotlc
Chemicals. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Ralph C. Dougherty, Michael J. Whitaker, Lawrence M.
Smith, David L. Stalling, and Douglas W. Kuehl, Nov
80,15pEPA-600/J-79-119
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v36 p103-
118 1980. Prepared in cooperation with Columbia Na-
tional Fishery Lab., MO.
Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry with
a mixture of isobutane, methylene chloride, and
oxygen as the reagent gas has been used to explore
contamination of environmental substrates with xeno-
biotic chemicals. The substrates in question, fish
tissue, human seminal plasma, and human adipose
tissue, were cleaned up by one of the following three
cleanup procedures: (1) continuous liquid-liquid extrac-
tion steam distillation; (2) gel-permeation chromatog-
raphy; and (3) adsorption on activated carbon followed
by elution with toluene. The third procedure was used
only for the examination of planar polychlorinated aro-
matic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Using
these techniques, the authors have found evidence for
contamination of fish samples with polychloronaphtha-
lenes, polychlorostyrenes, polychlorobiphenyls, po-
lychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorodibenzodioxins
among other chemicals. The polychlorodibenzodioxins
appeared only in the spectra of extracts of fish ob-
tained from the Tittabawassee River at Midland, Michi-
gan. The polychlorpdibenzofuran ions appeared in NCI
mass spectra of fish that were significantly contami-
nated (above 2 ppm) with polychlorobiphenyls. Toxic
substances occurring in human seminal plasma includ-
ed pentachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene, DDT me-
tabolites, and polychlorobiphenyls. The authors have
investigated toxic substances in human seminal
plasma because of the apparent decrease in sperm
density in U.S. males over the last 30 years.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Contamination, Public health, Food chains, Extrac-
tion, Adsorption, Activated carbon, Chlorine organic
compounds, Mass spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Distillation, Reprints,
'Chemical ionization mass spectroscopy, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Xenobiotic chemicals, Gel permeation chro-
matography.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-165839 PC A02/MF A01
A Comparison of Methods for the Analysis of Hy-
drocarbons In Marine Sediments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
James L. Lake, Crandall W. Oimock, and Curtis B.
Norwood. Mar 81,20p EPA-600/J-80-228, ERLN-
B022
Pub. In Petroleum In the Marine Environment. Ad-
vances in Chemistry Series 185. American Chemical
Society, p349-380 1980.
The ability of several methods to extract polycyclic ar-
omatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and petroleum hydrocar-
bons from marine sediments was examined. Compari-
sons of soxhlet and methylene chloride reflux methods
save extraction efficiencies that showed no statistical
difference in the return of PAHs; however, the return
when using ball-mill tumbling was significantly lower.
The relative content of individual parent PAH com-
pounds, parent compound distributions (PCDs), and
alkyl homologue distributions (AHDs) of PAHs was cal-
culated using capillary column GC-MS. The similarities
of the distributions showed that any of the three meth-
ods could have been used to calculate these distribu-
tions. An examination of several extraction methods
commonly used for the extraction of petroleum hydro-
carbon material from sediment samples showed differ-
ences in results that depended on the extraction
method employed. In addition, the methods varied in
their ability to extract resolved versus unresolved ma-
terial and to return aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon
compounds.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Sediments, 'Chemical
analysis. Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Petroleum products, Water pollution, Potycyclic com-
pounds, Comparison, Reprints, 'Water pollution de-
tection.
PB81-165847 PC A02/MF A01
Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Air Pollution
Studies. Journal article,
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William F. Herget, and James D. Brasher. 19BO, 9p
EPA-600/J-80-244
Pub. in Optical Engineering, v19 n4 p508-514 Jul/Aug
80.
A commercial Fourier transform infrared interferome-
ter system has been Installed in a van and used to
make longpath absorption and single-ended emission
measurements of gaseous pollutant concentrations at
a variety of pollutant sources. The Interferometer
system Is described and results of recent emission
measurements of a jet engine, brick kiln, gypsum
Pond, and industrial stacks are presented. The system
covers the infrared spectral region from 650 to 6000/
cm at a maximum resolution of 0.06/cm. In the absorp-
tion mode, many gaseous pollutants can be detected
at parts-per-blllion levels m. over a one-kilometer path.
In the emission mode, warm gases exiting Industrial
stacks can be detected at parts-per-million levels. The
temperature of the stack oases can be determined di-
rectly from the spectra. In the jet engine measure-
ments, acetylene, ethylene, and formaldehyde (among
others) were observed; H2SO4, SO2, HF and HC1
were among the species seen at the brick kiln; and re-
motely determined temperatures were within ten per-
cent of instack values.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Remote sensing,
Concentratlon(Composition), Infrared spectroscopy,
Calibrating., Acetylene, Ethylene, Formaldehyde, Sulfu-
ric add, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen fluoride, Hydrogen
chloride. Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Re-
prints, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy, Longpath op-
tical measurements.
PB81-166864 PC A02/MF A01
The Comparative Photobehavlor of Laboratory-
Hatched and Plankton-Caught 'Batanu* Improvl-
•us' (Darwin) Nauplll and the Effects of 24-Hour
Starvation. Journal article,
environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
William H. Lang, Martha Marcy, Patricia J. Clem, Don
C. Miller, and Michael R. Rodelll. Mar 81,12p EPA-
600/J-80-229, ERLN-J136
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v42p201-2121960.
Stage II nauplll of Balanus improvisus were obtained
from laboratory maintained adult barnacles. The imme-
diate phototactlc and photoklnetlc response of labora-
tory nauplii to light stimuli of known wavelength (460-
540 nm) and quantal intensity was determined. Spec-
tral and light Intensity responses were compared with
previous results. Responses of fed and 24-h starved
laboratory nauplii were also compared at three differ-
ent salinities. Starvation for 24 h, although inducing no
major change in photopositlve and photokinetlc re-
sponse of nauplii, can slightly depress spontaneous
swimming speed and raise the threshold of intensity
response for phototaxis.
Keywords: 'Barnacles, 'Animal behavior, Light(Visible
radiation), Photosensitivity, Starvation, Responses,
Swimming, Reprints, Balanus improvisus.
PB81-165862 PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of the Aerosol In the Great
Smoky Mountains. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert K. Stevens, Thomas Q. Dzubay, Robert W.
Shaw, Jr., William A. McClenny, and Charles W. Lewis.
1980,11p EPA-600/J-80-237
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v14
n12p1491-1498Dec80.
A 6-day field study was conducted In the Great Smoky
Mountains to measure the composition of the aerosol
that pervades this region. Sampling was performed
with three dichotomous samplers, a mobile laboratory
containing instruments to measure gaseous pollutants,
and two gas chromatographs for measuring halocar-
bons. Suifate and its associated cations represented
61% of the particle mass.
Keywords: 'Smoky Mountains, 'Aerosols, *Alr pollu-
tion, Sampling, Concentratk>n(CompO8ltion), Gas
chromatography, Sulfates, Nitric add, Sulfur hexafluor-
Me, Organic compounds, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides. Sulfur dioxide, Reprints, 'Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB81-165870 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Organic Compounds In a Muta-
genlc Extract of a Surface Drinking Water by a
Computerized Qaa Chromatography/Maa* Spec-
trometry System (QC/MS/COM). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab.. Cincinnati, OH.
W. Emlle Coleman, Robert G. Melton, Frederick C.
Kopfler, Karen A. Barone, and Theresa A. Aurand.
1980,15p EPA-600/J-80-238
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, p576-
588 May 80.
The organlcs In a Cincinnati, Ohio driving water
sample were concentrated by a reverse osmosis (RO)
process. The dlethyl ether soluble extract of the RO
concentrate which proved to be mutagenlc In studies
using the Ames test, was partitioned Into acid and
base/neutral fractions. The unpartitioned ethyl ether
concentrate, an acid and methylated acid fraction, the
unpartitioned base/neutral extract, and five base/neu-
tral eluants from a silica gel microcolumn were ana-
lyzed for the presence of organlcs using a computer-
ized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system
(GC/MS/COM) equipped with glass capillary columns.
Analysis of individual fractions Indicated a predomi-
nance of polycnlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlor-
inated aromatlcs In the second base/neutral partition
and many polynuclear aromatics (PNA) In the fourth
base/neutral partition. Approximately 460 compounds
were identified in this tap water extract, Including 41
PNAs, 15 PCBs, and a number of amines, amides, and
other halogenated species.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
•Potable water, Water pollution, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Chlorine organic compounds,
Amides, Aromatic polycyclic compounds, Reprints,
•Water pollution detection, •Cinclnnatl(Ohlo), Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB81-165888 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Ceramic Filter Tests at the EPA/Exxon PFBC
(Pressurized Fluldlzed Bed Coal Combustion) Min-
jplant. Journal article,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ.
Michael Ernst, Michael A. Shackfeton, and Dennis C.
Drehmel. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-239,, IERL-RTP-P-
315
Contract EPA-68-02-1312
Pub. in Staub-Reinhalt. Lufl 40, p515-522, Nr 12 Dec
80. Presented at the Symposium on the Transfer and
Utilization of Paniculate Control Technology (2nd)
Held at Denver, CO., on July 23-27,1979.
The paper describes the performance of the Acurex
ceramic bag filter operating at temperatures up to
880C and pressures up to 930 kPa on particulate-
laden flue gas from a pressurized fluidlzed-bed coal
combustion (PFBC) unit on a slipstream of gas taken
after the second stage cyclone. Particle concentra-
tions before and behind the filter, filter face velocities
during the tests, and the pressure drop across the filter
before the start of the cleaning cycle and Immediately
after the cleaning cycle were described. Three western
and midwestern coals were used. Tests, ranging from
4.5 to 17 hours, in general showed that the filter could
achieve high efficiency collection and was able to sta-
bilize pressure drop with the cleaning cycle. This signif-
icant achievement In the high-temperature, high-pres-
sure environment indicates that the ceramic floor filter
concept should receive further study to Investigate
longer term performance and scale-up for potential ap-
plication as the final cleanup device for PFBC.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, *Alr filters,
Flue gases, Particles, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Concentratlon(Composition), Performance
evaluation, Fluldized bed processors, Reprints, 'Bagh-
ouses.
PB81-185812 PCS1255.00/MFJ71.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle*.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1981,25057p-ln13v
Set Includes PB81-165920, PB81-165938, PB81-
165946, PB81-165953, PB81-165961, PB81-165979,
PB81-165987, PB81-165995, PB81-166001, PB81-
166019, PB81 -166027, PB81 -166035, and PB81-
166043.
No abstract available.
PB81-165920 PC$B3.25/MF«8.26
Environmental-Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Modal Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motor* Corpora-
tion.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1981,1565p EPA/460-A-81-1
See also PB81 -165938, and PB80-142532.
Also available.In set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MFS71.00, PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission teat pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems. Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehlcles(198l models), American
Motors Corporation, Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-165938 PCJ64.00/MF$7.26
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* • Alf* Romeo.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
1981,1178p EPA/460-A-81-2
See also PB81-165920, PB81-165946, and PB80-
188931.
December 1983 1033
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00, PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
baste engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehlcles(1981 models), Alfa
Romeo Incorporated, Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-186946 PC$43.76/MF$8.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application (or Certification 1981 Model Yew
Light-Duty Vehicle* - BMW of North America, Inc.
BMW of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1981,755p EPA/480-A-81 -3
See also PB81-165938, PB81-18S953, and PB80-
142540.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00, PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), BMW of
North America Incorporated, Compliance, Certifica-
tion, Emission control, Air pollution control.
PB81-165953 PC$233.75/MF$16.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1981,4573p EPA/460-A-81 -4
See also PB81-165946, PB81-165961, and PB80-
142508.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Chrysler
Corporation, Compliance, Certification, Emission con-
trol, Air pollution control.
PB81-165961 PC$188.50/MF$14.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1981,3669p EPA/480-A-81 -5
See also PB81-165953, PB81-165979, and PB80-
142557.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00, PB81-185912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles/I 981 models), Ford
Motor Company, Compliance, Certification, Emission
control, Air pollution control.
PB81-165979 PC$223.50/MF$15.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification Model Year 1981
tight-Duty Vehicles - General Motors Corporation.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1981,4369p EPA/460-A-81-6
See also PB81-165961, PB81-165987, and PB80-
188949.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), General
Motors Corporation, Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-165987 PC$72.25/MF$7.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification Model Year 1981
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Honda Motor Co.,
Inc.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1981,1344p EPA/460-A-81 -7
See also PB81 -165979, PB81-165995, and PB80-
188956.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB8M65912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehlcles(1981 models), American
Honda Motor Company Incorporated, Compliance,
Certification, Emission control, Air pollution control.
PB81-165996 PCS12.7B/MFI4JO
Application for Certification 1981 Model Yew
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Maseratl.
Olson Engineering, Inc., Huntlngton Beach, CA. Auto-
motive Research Center.
1981,153pEPA/460-A-81-8
See also PB81 -165987, and PB81 -166001.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$ 1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Maserati,
Compliance, Certification, Emission control, Air pollu-
tion control.
PB81-166001 PC$69.25/MF|8.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda-Toyo Kogyo.
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
1981,1683p EPA/460-A-81-9
See also PB81 -165995, PB81-166019, and PB80-
188972.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00, PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
1034 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Mazda -
Toyo Kogyo, Compliance, Certification, Emission con-
trol, Air pollution control.
PB81-168019 PCS74.00/MFI7.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification Modal Year 1981
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Mltaublahl Motora Corpora-
tion.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1981,1378p EPA/460-A-81-10
See also PB81-166001, PB81-166027, and PB80-
142474.
Also available In set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year, These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Mitsubishi
Motors Corporation, Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-166027 PCS86.50/MFW.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
light-Duty Vehicles - Renault.
Renault U.S.A., Inc., Detroit, Ml.
1981,1630pEPA/460-A-8M1
See also PB81-166019, PB81-166035, PB-294 368,
and PB-287 033.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00.
MF$71.00, PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor ver>icles(1981 models), Renault
Incorporated, Compliance, Certification, Emission con-
trol, Air pollution control.
PB81-18603S PC$50.00/MF$6.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Saab.
SAAB-SCANIA of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1981,897p EPA/460-A-81 -12
See also PB81-166027, PB81-166043, and PB80-
142490.
Also available in set of 13 reports PCS1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems. Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehlcles(1981 models), Saab
Scania Incorporated, Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-166043 PCI98.25/MFS9.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Secaucus, NJ.
1981,1863p EPA/460-A-81 -13
See also PB61 -166035, and PB-294 383.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC$1255.00,
MF$71.00,PB81-165912.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a dc.ailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Exhaust emissions, Maintenance, Test methods,
Design, Fuel consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Light
duty vehicles, Motor vehlcles(198l models), Toyota
Motor Company, Compliance, Certification, Emission
control, Air pollution control.
PB81-166316 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Testing Support tor Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues, Test Qroup No. 11. Technical
rept.
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
1980,64p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
See also report dated 1979, PB81-123499.
The intention of this test group was to investigate sev-
eral vehicle types for possible shortfalls between their
EPA certification test fuel economy levels and their in-
use fuel economy as measured by the same test.
Twenty different types of vehicles were evaluated with
a total of 129 vehicles being tested. The vehicles were
model years 1978-1980 and were recruited from the
Portland, Oregon tri-county area.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Maintenance, Inspection, Performance
tests, Air pollution control equipment.
PB81-166332 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hydrologlc Simulation on Solid Waste Disposal
Sites (HSSWDS). Draft rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Eugene R. Perrler, and Anthony C. Gibson. Sep 80,
125pEPA/530/SW-868C
The document presents an Interactive computer pro-
gram for simulating the hydrologlc characteristics of a
solid hazardous waste disposal site operation. Using
minimal Input data from the user, the model will simu-
late daily, monthly, and annual runoff, deep percola-
tion, temperature, soil-water, and evapotranspiratlon.
The manual provides sufficient Information and com-
mands so that an Inexperienced user may perform the
operation. The model Is designed for conversational
use, that Is, Interaction with the computer Is direct and
output Is received Immediately.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Manuals, Hydrolo-
gy, Runoff, Drainage, Evapotransplratlon, Covering,
Computerized simulation, Municipal wastes, Sanitary
landfills.
PB81-188340 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluating Cover Systems for Solid and Hazard-
ous Waste. Draft rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
R. S. Lutton. Sep 80,68p EPA/530/SW-867C
The manual Is a guide for evaluation of closure covers
on solid and hazardous wastes. It provides a guide to
the examination of soil, topographical, and climatologi-
cal data, closure cover evaluation recommendations,
and a discussion of post-closure plans.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Manuals, Soil chemistry, Soil erosion, Topography,
Climatology, Solid waste disposal, 'Impoundments,
Closures, Coverings, Land disposal, Toxic substances.
PB81-166357 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Landfill and Surface Impoundment Performance
Evaluation Manual. Draft rept.,
Qeotechnics, Inc., Columbus, OH.
Charles A. Moore. Sep 80, 73p EPA/530/SW-869C
Contract EPA-68-03-2932
The manual Is intended to provide guidance in evaluat-
ing designs to predict the movement of liquids through
and out of landfills and surface impoundments. It In-
cludes a discussion of acceptable operating proce-
dures, design configurations, analysis procedures, and
techniques for Interpretation of results as they apply to
impacts on ground and surface water.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Ground water, Design, Performance eval-
uation, Mathematical models, Surface waters, 'Im-
poundments, Toxic substances, Land disposal.
PB81-166365 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Lining of Waste Impoundment and Disposal Facili-
ties. Draft rept.,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
Suren Dakessian, Michael Fong, and Richard White.
Sep 80,411 p EPA/530/SW-870C
Contract EPA-68-03-2173
This report provides Information on performance, se-
lection, and installation of specific liners and cover ma-
terials for specific disposal situations, based upon the
December 1983 1035
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
current state of the art of liner technology and other
pertinent technology. It contains descriptions of
wastes and their effects on linings; a full description of
various natural and artificial liners; liner service life and
failure mechanisms; Installation problems and require-
ments of liner types; costs of liners and Installation;
and tests that are necessary for preinstallation and
monitoring surveys.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Linings, 'Manuals, Serv-
ice life, Cost estimates, Installing, Monitoring, Design,
Performance tests, Performance evaluation, 'Im-
poundments, Toxic substances, Municipal wastes.
PB81-166399 PC$125.00/MF$10.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1981,2199p-in4v
Set includes PB81-166407, PB81-166415, PB81-
166423, and PB81-166431.
No abstract available.
PB81-166407 PC$31.50/MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles - Chrysler Corpora-
tion.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1981,530p EPA/460-A-81-
14
See also f>B81 -166415, and PB80-188899.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MF$10.00, PB81-166399.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1981 models), Compliance, Certifica-
tion, Emission control, Air pollution control, Chrysler
Corporation.
PB81-16641S PC$31.50/MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicle* - Ford Motor Com-
Forcfo
I Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1981,530p EPA/460-A-81 -15
See also PB81 -166407, PB81-166423, and PB80-
142607.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MF$10.00, PB81-166399.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Sumary Sheet Input Form on which is-
suance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1981 models), Compliance, Certifica-
tion, Emission control, Air pollution control, Ford Motor
Company.
PBB1-166423 PC$28.75/MF$5.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles - General Motors
Corporation.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1981,475p EPA/460-A-81-16
See also PB81-166415, PB81-166431, and PB80-
188907.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MFS10.00, PB81-166399.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, Gasoline engines,
'Heavy duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1981 models),
Compliance, Certification, Emission control, Air pollu-
tion control, General Motors Corporation.
PB81-166431 PC$38.25/MF$5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles - International Har-
vester Corporation.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN.
1981,664p EPA/460-A-81-17
See also PB81 -166423, and PB80-188915.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC$125.00,
MF$10.00, PB81-166399.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems,
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
International Harvester Company, Motor vehi-
cles(1981 models), Compliance, Certification, Emis-
sion control, Air pollution control.
PB81-166506 PC A13/MF A01
Organic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams; Instructor's Guide for Conducting the
Course,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Charles Feldmann. Sep 80,299p EPA-430/1-80-012
See also report dated Nov 80, PB81 -124414.
This manual is designed for use by instructors who will
have to teach others how to perform analyses for se-
lected organic pollutants. It includes topics related to
the presentation of training courses in which the analy-
ses would be taught. Also included are Instructional
Package Worksheets (lesson plans) giving details rela-
tive to presenting instruction regarding each of the
analyses covered in the associated student reference
manual.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Manuals, Chemical analysis, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Ammonia, Or-
ganic nitrates, Carbon, Industrial wastes, Laboratory
equipment, Volumetric analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Surfactants, Oils, Greases, Water pollution,
Gas chromatography, 'Water pollution detection,
Chemical oxygen demand, Instructional materials.
PB81-166548 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution Control Practices: Multimedia Environ-
mental Goals. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. D. Baasel, R. A. McAllister, and G. L. Kingsbury.
OctaO, 17pEPA-600/J-80-224, IERL-RTP-P-327
Pub. in jnl. Chemical Engineering Process 76:10, p37-
510ct80.
The paper reviews the development and evolution of
the Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEGs) data for
air, water, and land (solid waste) for discharge streams
(DIPPR) Data Compilation.
comparing the potential health and ecological damage
from components, streams, and processes is present-
ed. Cost effectiveness comparisons of alternate pollu-
tion control strategies using the MEGs are also out-
lined.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ecology, Public health, 'Multimedia
Environmental Goals, Land pollution, Solid wastes.
PB81-166589 PC A02/MF A01
Interference of Animal Source Ammonia with Ex-
posure Chamber Atmospheres Containing Acid
Particulate from Automobile Exhaust. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Malanchuk, N. P. Berkley, and G. L. Contner. 1980,
14pEPA-600/J-80-223
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4, p265-276 1980.
A study was designed to test the effect of animal
source ammonia on some component concentrations
in test atmospheres produced to measure the health
effects of pollutants in the exhaust emissions of gaso-
line-powered engines equipped with oxidative catalyst
converters. The dominantly acidic nature of the ex-
haust participate phase required an evaluation of test
chamber concentrations of the alkaline components
contributed by the test animals. The animal population
in the chamber was critical in maintaining the essential
integrity of the pollutant atmosphere. Measures to min-
imize the production of the animal-produced
interferent(s) were helpful in attenuating the interfering
effect.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Interfer-
ence analyzers, ConcentrationfComposition), Rats,
Laboratory animals, Evaluation, Reprints, Automobile
exhaust, 'Air pollution effects(Anlmals), Catalytic con-
verters, Particulates.
PB81-166597 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Colonization Potentials of Male and Female E. coll
K 12 Strains E coll B and Human Fecal E. coll
Strain* In the Mouse Gl Tract Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Microbiology.
Paul S. Cohen, Robert W. Pilsuckl, M. Lynn Myhal,
Craig A. Rosen, and David C. Laux. 1960,10p EPA-
600/J-80-222
Grant EPA-R-805488-01
Pub. in NIH Recombinant DNA Bulletin, p106-113
1980.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
In order to compare the colonization potentials of Indi-
vidual Escherichla coli strains, the authors developed
1036 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
a simple animal system In which both freshly Isolated
human strains and laboratory strains (i.e. E. coll B and
E. coll K 12 strains) survive In the large intestine (or
long periods of time when fed to these animals alone.
Once this condition was achieved the colonization po-
tential of each E. coli strain relative to others was de-
termined by feeding the animals two or more strains si-
multaneously. In the present investigation the authors
report that mice whose normal facultative microflora is
reduced by the addition of streptomycin to their drink-
ing water can be used to compare the intrinsic large in-
testine colonization potentials of E. coli strains, includ-
ing E. coli B male and female strains of E. coli K 12,
and E. coli strains recently isolated from human feces.
Keywords: 'Escherichia coli, 'Cultures(Biology), Intes-
tines, Males, Females, Humans, Mice, Microorga-
nisms, Reprints, 'Animal models.
PB81-166605 PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Toxlclty of Arsenic Compounds and
Their Accumulation In Invertebrates and Fish.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Robert L Spehar, James T. Flandt, Richard L.
Anderson, and David L. DeFoe. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-
80-218
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 9, p53-631980.
The toxicity of arsenic III, arsenic V, sodium dimethyl
arsenate, and disodium methyl arsenate to stoneflles,
snails, amphipods, and trout, and the bioaccumulation
of these compounds were studied during a 28-day
flow-through test. Oaphnia magna were exposed for
21 days in static tests to determine life-cycle effects.
All animals were exposed to concentrations of ap-
proximately 100 to 1000 micrograms/L (as arsenic) of
each of the compounds. Arsenic III, the most toxic
compound, caused a significant reduction in the sur-
vival of amphipods at 1000 micrograms As/L after
seven days. None of the compounds significantly af-
fected the survival of other test species after 28 days
or reduced young production in Daphnia after 14 days
of exposure. The concentration of accumulated ar-
senic in stoneflies, snails, and Daphnia was as much
as 131, 99, and 219 times greater than the water con-
centration, whereas amphipods and rainbow trout con-
tained arsenic residues similar to the controls. Resi-
dues in stoneflies, snails, and Daphnia exposed to
1000 micrograms As/L were higher than those in ani-
mals exposed to 100 micrograms As/L, but appeared
to reach a steady state after 14 days. Total arsenic ac-
cumulation was greatest in organisms exposed to inor-
ganic arsenic, particularly at 100 micrograms/L.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Fishes, Invertebrates, Expo-
sure, Residues, Life cycles, Water pollution, Survival,
Snails, Concentration(Composition), Arsenic organic
compounds, Reprints, •'Bioaccumulation, Daphnia
magna, 'Toxic substances, 'Arsenic, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Stoneflies, Arsenic acid/dimethyl-
(sodium-salt), Arsenic acid/methyl-(disodium-salt).
PB81-186613 PC A02/MF A01
waterbome Disease: Occurrence la on the Up-
swing. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Edwin C. Lippy. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-81-035
Pub. in Jnl. of AWWA 73, Issue 1, p57-62 Jan 81.
Three of the waterborne disease outbreaks in 1979
typified problems common to many water systems. In-
vestigation of the outbreaks identified as causative
factors deficiencies in water treatment practices and
plant operation and a breakdown in surveillance activi-
ties designed to protect public health. Preliminary In-
formation indicates that a total of 45 outbreaks oc-
curred during 1979, Increasing the annual average of
outbreaks to 36 for the four-year period from 1976 to
1979. This represents a SO percent increase over the
1971-75 average of 24. The five-year averages have
steadily Increased from an annual average of ten
during 1951-55. Before that period the trend was de-
clining.
Keywords: 'Diseases, Microorganism control(Water),
Water quality, Public health, Occurrence, Water pollu-
tion, Infectious diseases, Water treatment, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB81-166621 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Formation and Transport of Ozone and Aerosol*
in Power Plant Plumes. Journal article,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Noor V. Gillanl, and William E. Wilson. 1980,24p EPA-
600/J-80-227
GrantEPA-R-805918
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v338p276-296,15May80.
The purpose of this study was to gather definitive sci-
entific results about the formation and transport of
ozone and fine aerosols. Such information would
greatly aid in designing a rational control strategy for
secondary pollution, based on the control of precursor
emissions. The co-occurrence of elevated levels of
ozone and light scattering aerosols, particularly sul-
fates, has been shown in regional scale episodes, in
large urban plumes, In aging power plant plumes and
in smog chambers. In this report, MISTT data from the
Labadie power plant plume is re-examined to investi-
gate the ozone-aerosol link more closely and to identi-
fy the ambient conditions most conducive to the gen-
eration of the smog-haze pollution. A variety of air
quality as well as meteorological and navigational pa-
rameters were continuously measured from aircraft.
Based on theoretical and empirical grounds, findings
show a close link between the formation of ozone and
aerosols in power plant plumes. The conditions of the
background air mass into which the plume is emitted
and plume background interactions were found signifi-
cant in the co-generation of ozone and aerosols during
long range transport of power plant plumes. Ozone for-
mation was found to be a significant factor. Total ni-
trate formation may well exceed aerosol sulfate forma-
tion during the first several hours of plume transport.
This subject deserves more attention in future re-
search.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Aerosols, 'Electric
power plants, 'Transport properties, Plumes, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Smog.
PB81-166704 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of Multipoint
Rollback as Applied to Smelters In the Hayden,
Arizona Area. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Richard H. Thulllier, and Harold L. Javitz. May 79,26p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4137
In 1978, EPA promulgated a final rule for the control of
sulfur oxide emissions at existing nonferrous smelters
in Arizona. Emission limits, determined from a 1973-74
data base, were set by proportionally rolling back the
24-hourly average smelter emissions estimated by
sulfur balance or other methods for the day on which
the maximum three-hour-average ambient concentra-
tion of sulfur dioxide was observed. In response to the
EPA rule, an alternative approach to calculating
copper smelter emission limits based on a statistical
model was proposed by Arizona. EPA contracted with
SRI International for an evaluation of both rules. The
analysis suggests that emission limits imposed by the
current EPA rule provide lor a greater confidence in
achieving ambient air quality standards than do the
limits suggested in the report by Arizona; and that the
feasibility of implementing the multipoint rollback
method at a smelter to produce a specific enforceable
distribution of emissions has yet to be demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, Arizo-
na, Feasibility, Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Standards, Law enforcement, Smelters,
Copper, 'Copper smelters, 'Hayden(Arizona), 'Air
quality, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB81-166720 PC A04/MF A01
Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy Labeling. Tech-
nical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Oct 80,51p EPA-AA-CTAB-FE-81-6
Errata sheet inserted.
EPA Is initiating rulemaking proceedings to upgrade
certain aspects of the EPA/DOE Fuel Economy Infor-
mation Program. This report provides technical input to
those rulemaking proposals. The results of five sur-
veys of consumers' opinions on fuel economy, and on
various vintages of the fuel economy Information pro-
gram, are summarized. They Indicate a general credi-
bility problem with the current EPA fuel economy fig-
sented, and the need is established for their use in de-
riving fuel economy ratings for untested vehicles. Road
adjustment factors developed from recent in-use fuel
economy survey data are given for a number of differ-
ent labeling strategies, and the strategies compared
and contrasted. Results of a detailed analysis of the
effects on label 'accuracy' of inclusion/exclusion of
road adjustment factors and varying levels of vehicle-
specificity in labeling are given. From this study, the in-
cremental benefit of progressive levels of departure
from the current (1981) model type labeling system
can be estimated.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Design
criteria, Sensitivity, Surveys, Confidence level, Accura-
cy, Fortran, Computer programs, Light duty vehicles.
PB81-166746 PC A03/MF A01
Criteria lor Development of Emlstlons Averaging
for Heavy-Duty Engines and Light-Duty Trucks.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Glenn Passavant, Chester France, and John
Anderson. Dec 80,32p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-23
With the final implementation of the 'bubble policy' for
stationary sources, EPA is now investigating the possi-
ble implementation of an averaging concept for mobile
source emissions. Emissions averaging is meant to
provide motor vehicle manufacturers with greater flexi-
bility in determining the mix of vehicles/engines to
produce and the control technology to apply, while at
the same time permitting no degradation in the air
quality benefits derived from controlling motor vehicle
emissions. This paper will examine the major benefits
of the averaging concept and will identify the important
design considerations which should affect the final
form of any averaging concept. The analysis of these
important design considerations will be used to identify
design criteria which will be necessary for a successful
averaging program.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Design criteria, Air pollution, Acceptable quality
level, Environmental impacts, Technology innovation,
Light duty vehicles. Heavy duty vehicles.
PB81-166894 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab..Cincinnati,
OH.
Closure of Hazardous Waste Surface Impound-
ments. Draft rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
A. W. Wyss, H. K. Willard, R. M. Evans, R. J. Schmitt,
and R. G. Sherman. Sep 80,103p* EPA/530/SW-873
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
Prepared in cooperation with Metcalf and Eddy, Inc.,
Palo Alto, CA.
This manual describes the methods, tests, and proce-
dures involved in closing a site to minimize potential
environmental hazards. Included is a discussion of the
considerations that have been overlooked in aban-
doned impoundments that have caused severe envi-
ronmental Insults. The techniques Involved are perti-
nent to closing an impoundment either by removing
the hazardous wastes or by consolidating the waste
ensile and securing the site as a landfill. Technical cri-
teria for implementing the closure, specifically, those
regarding aspects substantially different from a landfill,
are given.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
•Manuals, Water pollution control, Leaching, 'Im-
poundments, Toxic substances, Land disposal, Clo-
sures.
PB81-167638 PC A04/MF A01
Mobil* Source Emlaclon Inventory. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mark Wolcott. Dec 80,59p EPA-AA-TEB-81-11
Within the Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
(OMSAPC), a Program Assessment Group has been
December 1983 1037
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
established to evaluate and direct mobile source con-
trol programs. This paper focuses on one input into
that evaluation, the development of emission inventory
estimates for a variety of mobile pollution sources.
Both current (1977) and future (up to 2005) year inven-
tories are estimated. Eighteen different types of mobile
sources are considered to ascertain the contribution of
unregulated as well as presently regulated sources.
Virtually all counties in the United States and its territo-
ries are included for one portion of the analysis. The
majority of the analyses include only those counties
that have the potential to violate the National Ambient
Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide
(CO), ozone (O3) or nitrogen oxides (NOx). This paper
begins by projecting future baseline emissions and is
founded on a set of assumptions consistent with past
air quality analyses. From this baseline the sensitivity
of those estimates to the underlying assumptions used
is examined. Twelve sensitivity scenarios are consid-
ered. In each scenarios one of the baseline assump-
tions is altered. Then, the result of the alteration is in-
terpreted in terms of its likely air quality impact.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Invento-
ries, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Particles, Sulfur oxides,
Concentration(Composition), 'Emission inventories,
* Air quality, Emission factors.
PB81-167736 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Characterization of Two Cora Holes from the
Naval OH Shale Reserve Number 1. Final rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
R. D. Giauque, J. P. Fox, and J. W. Smith. Mar 81,190p
LBL-10809, EPA-600/7-81-024
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Laramie, WY. Laramie Energy Technology Center.
Raw oil shale from two core holes on the Naval Oil
Shale Reserve was analyzed to determine the strati-
graphic distribution of 46 major, minor and trace ele-
ments and to determine their mineral associations.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, Trace elements, Stratigraphy,
Drill core analysis, Geochemistry, Piceance Basin, Col-
orado.
PB81-188015 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Seminar/Workshop Proceedings: Persistent Ele-
vated Pollution Episodes, March 1979, Durham,
North Carolina,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Harry L. Hamilton, Jr., and N. Stuart Jones. Mar 81,
599p EPA-600/9-81-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3000
A Seminar/Workshop was convened by the Regional
Field Studies Office of the Environmental Protection
Agency's Environmental Sciences Research Labora-
tory to provide for the exchange of research results
and to discuss the state-of-the-art of instrumentation
and investigative techniques applicable to studies of
regional scale persistent elevated pollution episodes
(PEPE's). This report comprises the results of four
workshops conducted after 2 1/2 days of formal pres-
entations of scientific papers. The workshops, held
concurrently, were charged with the responsibility of
providing definitive recommendations on the conduct
of future field studies of PEPE's. The subjects covered
by the workshops were: experiment design, measure-
ment strategy and tactics and communication require-
ments; meteorology, transport and validation; and in-
strumentation. The instrumentation workshop was di-
vided into two sessions: instrumentation for the study
of transformation of pollutants and Instrumentation for
remote sensing of pollutants. Separate reports are in-
cluded for each of these sessions.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Atmospheric motion, 'Remote
sensing, Air pollution, Measurement, Instrument, Moni-
toring, * Air pollution episodes, Persistent elevated pol-
lution episodes.
PB81-16M56 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine
(North and East of Caps Elizabeth). Volume 1,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,206p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB81 -168064. Sponsored In part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development and Corps of En-
gineers, Washington, DC.
Also available In set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
Partial contents:
Organization of the characterization;
(The ecosystem level, the system level, the species
population);
The coastal Maine ecosystem;
(Geography, climate, geology, hydrology, the
socioeconomy);
Human impacts on the ecosystem;
Regulations governing human activities in the
biological systems of coastal Maine.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine, Ge-
ography, Climate, Geology, Hydrology, Environmental
impacts, Ground water, Food chains, Aquatic animals,
Birds, Air pollution, Water pollution, Industries, Recrea-
tion, Fisheries, Agriculture, Ecosystems, Baseline
studies.
PB81-168064 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine
(North and East of Cape Elizabeth). Volume 2,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Comer, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,443p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB81 -168056 and Volume 3,
PB81-168072. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Re-
search and Development and Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
Partial contents:
The marine system;
The estuarine system;
The riverine system;
The lacustrine system;
The palustrine system;
The forest system;
Agricultural and developed lands.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine,
Ocean tides, Ocean temperature, Climate, Plankton,
Algae, Invertebrates, Food chains, Biological produc-
tivity, Nutrients, Forest land, Land use, Biomass,
Lakes, Environmental impacts, Farms, Estuaries, Eco-
systems, Baseline studies.
PB81-168072 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Main*
(North and East of Caps Elizabeth). Volume 3,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,4l6p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-3
See also Volume 2, PB81-168064 and Volume 4,
PB81-168080. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Re-
search and Development and Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
Partial contents:
Fishes;
Commercially important invertebrates;
Marine mammals;
Waterbirds;
Terrestrial birds;
Terrestrial mammals;
Reptiles and amphibians;
Commercially important forest types;
Endangered, threatened and rare plants.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine,
Fishes, Life cycles, Abundance, Water pollution, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Invertebrates, Shellfish, Mammals,
Aquatic animals, Reproduction(Biology), Birds, Rep-
tiles, Forest trees, Plants(Botany), Habitats, Baseline
studies.
PB81-168080 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Main*
(North and East of Cape Elizabeth). Volume 4: Ap-
pendices,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,527p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-4
See also Volume 3, PB81-168072 and Volume 5,
PB81-168098. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Re-
search and Development and Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
The report is a collection of information which will aid
decision makers on key environmental issues that
impact fish and wildlife resources and their supporting
ecosystems on the coast of Maine.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine,
Waste disposal, Industrial wastes,
Law(Jurisprudence), Wildlife, Fishes, Oceanographlc
data, Seals(Mammals), Aquatic plants, Abundance,
Birds, Wetlands, Habitats.
PB81-168098 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Maine
(North and East of Cape Elizabeth). Volume 6:
Data Source Appendix,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,275p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-5
See also Volume 4, PB81-168080 and Volume 6,
PB81-168106. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Re-
search and Development and Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
The Data Source Appendix is a computerized data
base containing information on (1) all data sources and
references used in the Maine Characterization and (2)
general references pertaining to the Maine coast.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine,
Indexes(Documentation), Bibliographies.
PB8M68106 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
An Ecological Characterization of Coastal Mains
(North and East of Cape Elizabeth). Volume 6:
Atlas,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Comer, MA.
Stewart I. Fefer, and Patricia A. Schettig. Oct 80,25p
FWS/OBS-80/29-VOL-6
See also Volume 5, PB81-168098. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office nf Research and Development and Corps of En-
gineers, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
168049.
The Maine Coast ecological characterization atlas is a
spatial representation of natural resource information
of coastal Maine from Cape Elizabeth to Eastport. It Is
designed to complement the characterization narrative
by providing a visual display of existing information on
the natural resources of coastal Maine. The character-
ization atlas and text may serve the needs of adminis-
trators, planners, and scientists, when making deci-
sions on land-use planning and natural resource man-
agement, and when seeking information on the status
of specific resources.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pollution, 'Coasts, 'Maine, At-
lases, Land use.
PB81-168288 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
1038 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effect* of Sulfur Oxide Pollutant* on Respiratory
Function, Particle Deposition and Bronchial Clear-
ance. Final rapt.,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst. of Environ-
mental Medicine.
Morton Lippmann. Nov 80, 52p EPA-666/1 -80-035
Contract EPA-68-02-1716
The effects of sulfur oxide pollutants on respiratory
function, particle deposition, and bronchial clearance
were explored In a series of three studies, two on don-
keys and one on humans. In the first study, the effects
of one-hour inhalation exposures to 0.3 - 0.6 micro-
grams H2SO4 and (NH4J2SO4 aerosols in the donkey
were studied in terms of alterations in pulmonary flow
resistance and dynamic compliance, and changes In
the regional deposition and tracheobronchial mucoci-
nary clearance of an inert test aerosol. In the second
study, the effect of chronic inhalation exposures to sul-
juric acid mist upon mucoclliary clearance from the
lungs was studied, using the donkey as an analogue
for man. Four animals were exposed one hour per day,
we days per week, for six months; two to a concentra-
tion of 102 micrograms/cu m, the other to 106 micro-
grams/cu m. In the final study, the mucociliary particle
nonsmokers exposed to 1/2 micrometer H2SO4 at I
(control), 100, 300, and 1,000 micrograms/cu m for
one hour per day for four days were examined.
Keywords: "Sulfur oxides, "Toxicology, Respiratory
system. Physiological effects, Bronchi, Donkeys, Lab-
oratory animals, Inhalation, Exposure, Aerosols, Lung,
Ammonium aulfate, Sulfuric acid, Mist,
Concentration(Cornposition), 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Toxic substances.
PB81-168403 PC A07/MF A01
Awesement of Current Information on Overland
Row Treatment of Municipal Wastewater,
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Daniel J. Hinrichs, Justine A. Faisst, and David A.
Pivettl. May 80,150p EPA-430/9-80-002, EPA/MCD-
66
This report provides a technical discussion of recent
Information on design and performance of the over-
land-flow treatment process. Overland-flow treatment
of municipal wastewaters is a rapidly developing tech-
nology which Is attractive as a simple and low cost so-
lution for smaller communities. It Is the land treatment
approach which is suited to locations with imperme-
able soils that could not be used lor other land treat-
ment approaches.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, "Sewage treatment, "Munici-
palities, Design, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Ugoons(Ponds), Oxidation, PIpesfTubes), Diagrams,
Slopes, Weather, Cost estimates, Vegetation,
Grasses, Regulations, Maryland, Mississippi, "Land
application, "Sewage irrigation, Organic loading.
PB81-168700 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Tradwcantla MCN (MIcronuclelHn-Tetrad Muta-
gen T*et-on-Slte Monitoring and Further Valida-
tion. Final rept,
Western Illinois Univ., Macomb.
Te-Hsiu Ma. Mar81,37p EPA-600/1-81-019
Grant EPA-R-806422
Tradescantla paludosa (Splderwort) clone 03, an ex-
tensively cultivated experimental plant for cytological
studies, has been utilized exclusively for the present
investigation. Year-round growth and reproduction of
this plant can be maintained in the greenhouse with
supplemented artificial light during the short-day
season thus facilitating the uninterrupted supply.
Taking the advantages of high degree of synchrony
and differential sensitivity of the melotic stages, a
short-term bioassay was developed for testing envi-
ronmental mutagens. This was done by treating the
synchronized, sensitive early prophase I meiotlc chro-
mosomes and observing the damaged chromosomes
in the form of micronuclel in the sychronlzed early
tetrad stage In order to attain the highest efficiency.
This test Is called Tradescantia Mlcronucleus (Trad-
MCN) Bioassay and has been utilized to screen a
group of chemicals in gaseous or liquid forms and
monitor the air pollutants at some chosen sites. Of 16
chemicals tested, 8 had relatively higher mlcronucleus
frequencies (0.01 level of significance) than their con-
trols. Of 11 sites monitored, 3 sites showed higher mi-
cronucleu frequencies than their controls. According
to these results, the TRAD-MCN bioassay showed
high efficiency and versatility. It is suitable for prelimi-
nary screening of environmental pollutants and in situ
monitoring.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Indicator species, Mutations,
Bioassay, Plants(Botany), Air pollution, Dosage,
Concentration(Composftlon), Ionizing radiation, Cyto-
toxicity, "Air pollution effects(Plants), "Bioindlcators,
Mutagenesis, Tradescantla paludosa, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Pollution monitoring.
PB81-168726 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Interrelationship of Bacterial Count* with Other
Finished Water Quality Parameters within Distri-
bution Systems. Final rept. 1 Nov 76-31 Jan 79,
Salem and Beverly Water Supply Board, Beverly, MA.
J. Kevin Reilly, and Joyce S. Kippin. Feb 81,53p EPA-
600/2-81-035
Grant EPA-R-804724
The objective of this research program was to obtain
realistic information concerning the interrelationships
between temperature, chlorine, turbidity, coliforms,
and Standard Plate Count (SPC) densities present in
finished water after treatment and distribution. Bacte-
rial identifications were performed to determine types
and densities of isolates from the SPC and coliform
tests. The frequency of coliform isolation was inde-
pendent of free chlorine, turbidity, and temperature.
SPC were not contingent upon low level turbidity and
varied with respect to free chlorine residual and tem-
perature. SPC exhibited no interrelationship with coli-
form counts (MF) when the SPC was less than 50 or-
ganisms/mL A slight inverse relationship was noted
between free chlorine residual and turbidity. Of the
physical and chemical parameters measured, free
chlorine residual had the greatest influence on the mi-
crobial population. Encapsulated Klebsiella pneumon-
ias, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter aero-
genes and Enterobacter cloacae exhibited the ability
to survive a free chlorine residual of 0.2 mg/L or more.
The diversity of organisms identified by the SPC
method strongly suggests the phenomenon of an es-
tablished microbial ecosystem with the distribution net-
works.
Keywords: "Water quality. "Bacteria. Water pollution,
Potable water, Coliform bacteria, Temperature, Turbid-
ity, Water treatment, Distribution, Massachusetts, Bio-
chemistry, Chlorination, "Drinking water,
SatemtMassachusetts), Beverly(Massachusetts),
Klebsiella pneumonlae, Enterobacter agglomerans,
Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae.
PBS 1-168734 PC A04/MF A01
Development of a Helicopter Water Quality Moni-
toring/Sampling System,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
H. Michael Lowry. Feb 81,53p EPA-600/4-81-005
This report describes the helicopter water quality sam-
pling system developed for use by the National Eutro-
phication Survey and subsequently used in support of
other water quality projects. It also describes the sa-
lient problems associated with the use of a helicopter
as a sampling platform and the modifications made In
the system to fulfill the needs.
Keywords: "Helicopters, 'Sensors, "Water pollution,
Monitoring, Performance evaluation, Design, Hazards,
Pumping, Vibration, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Air-
borne equipment, Calibrating, Maintenance, Reliability,
Eutrophlcatlon, "Water pollution sampling.
PBS 1-168742 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Summary of Coal-Based Synthetic Fuel Initiatives.
Final rept Jun-Nov 80,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Carvltti, M. Szabo, and W. Kemner. Feb 81,45p*
PN-3450-21, EPA-600/7-81-023
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
The report was prepared to assist EPA's Office of En-
vironmental Engineering and Technology In the collec-
tion and verification of Information on the status of
demonstration and commercial-scale plants for the
production of coal-based synthetic fuels through gasifi-
cation and liquefaction. Data on the scope of this
emerging Industry, funding sources, products, and
costs were obtained by reviewing current literature and
contacting the primary vendors or licensors of the
processes found. These data are as reported; no
modifications have been attempted. Of the 88 synthet-
ic fuel projects identified, 66 represent gasification
processes (29 for the production of low-Btu gas and 37
for the production of high-Btu gas) and 22 represent
liquefaction processes. One tabulation shows the
breakdown of these projects by process and status as
of mid-August 1980. Maps show their locations
throughout the U.S. Further tabulations show spon-
sors, production capacity, estimated production costs,
scale, type of coal involved, feed rate of coal, capital
cost, and operating and maintenance costs. The
report also contains a brief commentary on each iden-
tified project.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Environmental surveys,
Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Cost analysis, Technology, Assessments,
Tables(Data), "Coal liquefaction.
PB81-168932 PC A02/MF A01
The Precision of the ASTM Bloconcentratlon Test,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Patricia Kosian, Armond Lemke, Karen Studders, and
Qilman Veith. Oct 80,24p EPA-600/3-81-022
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
The ASTM method for measuring the bioconcentratlon
factor (BCF) of chemicals was evaluated using 1,2,4-
trlchlorobenzene (TCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB),
and p,p'-DDE (DDE). Four replicate, 28-day exposures
of the chemicals to fathead minnows were used to de-
termine the precision of the test method. Using the 28-
day values, the mean BCF for TCB, HCB, and DDE
were 1,700 (+ or - 70), 35,000 (+ or - 3,300), and
50,000 (+ or - 4,800), respectively. The results
showed that steady-state residues are not attained for
highly bioaccumulative chemicals in the 28-day expo-
sure, and the calculation of the BCF by dividing the 28
day residues by the mean water concentration is inad-
equate. Two alternate methods of calculating the BCF
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Residues, Chlorine aromatic
compounds. Precision, Concentration(Compoaitlon),
Minnows, Fishes, Exposure, 'Bioaccumulation, ASTM
analysis, Depuration, Analytical methods, "Bioconcen-
tration test, 'Benzene/hexachloro, * Benzene/trich-
loro, *Benzene/dlchloroethylldene-bls(chloro), DDE
insecticide, Fathead minnows.
PB81-168965 PC A05/MF A01
Remote Monitoring of Organic Carbon In Surface
Waters,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Michael Bristow, and David Nielsen. Feb 81,93p EPA-
600-4-81-001
This study shows that the intensity of the Raman nor-
malized fluorescence emission induced in surface
waters by ultraviolet radiation can be used to provide a
unique remote sensing capability for airborne monitor-
ing the concentration of dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Trace concentrations of hydrocarbons, both
manmade and natural In origin, are the predominant
source for this fluorescence. Water, on the other hand,
is nonfluorescent under UV irradiation, but emits an in-
tense Raman band of constant amplitude relative to
the incident light. This Raman emission can be used as
an Internal reference or normalizing standard with
which to correct the fluorescence emission for the ef-
fects of attenuation, for variations in system sensitivity,
and for changes In sensor elevation. It is suggested
that a direct calibration of the airborne fluorescence
data in terms of equivalent DOC concentration be ac-
complished by making DOC measurements on sam-
ples obtained at a small number of reference sites
under the aircraft flight path at the time of the airborne
survey. Airborne laser fluorosensors that utilize this
principle will provide a synoptic survey capability for
rapidly and cost-effectively producing isopleth maps
that show concentrations of surface water DOC.
These Isopleths can be used for delineating gradients,
temporal changes and anomalies in the distribution of
December 1983 1039
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
total dissolved organics in the surface layers of rivers,
lakes and costal waters.
Keywords: "Remote sensing, 'Water pollution, 'Hy-
drocarbons, Surface waters, Raman spectroscopy,
Fluorescence, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
Equipment, Nomographs, Laser spectroscopy.
PB81-168999 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Trachea! Organ Culture as Air Pollution Damage
Indicator. Final rept.,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Leonard J. Schiff. Mar 81,99p EPA-600/1 -81 -021
Grant EPA-R-805049
This report presents the results of a study conducted
to determine the effects of various energy-related ef-
fluents on respiratory tract epithelial tissue. Measure-
ment of mucoiliary activity and characterization of the
morphological alterations induced by such effluents
was carried out in hamster tracheal organ culture. Dif-
ferent combinations of in vivo and in vitro exposure
and/or maintenance were used to determine the rela-
tionship between in vivo exposure danger and adverse
effects observed in organ tissue. The pollutants as-
sessed included participate effluents from mobile and
stationary sources of both conventional and advanced
energy processes. Included were fly ash (from coal-
fired and oil-fired sources), cigarette smoke conden-
sate, and diesel fuel exhaust extract, with
benzo(a)pyrene serving as a positive control. Both
acute (72-hr) and long-term 14-day studies permitted
assessment of tissue specific effects. In addition to
acute and long-term toxicity studies, testing was con-
ducted to determine the effects of selected participate
effluents on the pathogenesis of viral infections.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Epithelium, 'Effluents,
'Toxicology, Respiratory system, Tissues(Biology),
Morphology, Pathology, Hamsters, Laboratory ani-
mals, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Air pollution, Fly
ash, Diesel fuels, 'Bioindicators, 'Toxic substances,
'Air pollution effects(Animals), Cigarette smoking.
PB81-169864 PC A17/MF A01
Wastewater Aerosols and Disease, Proceedings
of a Symposium Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on Sep-
tember 19-21,1979,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Herbet R. Pahren, and Walter Jakubowski. Dec 80,
384p EPA-600/9-80-028
The Health Effects Research Laboratory of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a Sym-
posium on Wastewater Aerosols and Disease on Sep-
tember 19-21, 1979, in Cincinnati, Ohio. This syposium
brought together scientists, engineers, physicians, and
public health officials from all over the world to present
and discuss current state-of-knowledge on human
health aspects of exposure to microbiological agents
emitted as aerosols from wastewater treatment plants.
Sessions on the nature of the contaminants, health as-
pects, epidemiological studies, and aerosol suppres-
sion and a panel discussion assessing the information
were held. The proceedings consist of 22 invited
papers and associated discussions.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Meetings, 'Microorga-
nisms, Aerosols, Exposure, Effluents, Public health,
Humans, Contaminants, Epidemiology, Bacteria, Vi-
ruses, Air pollution, State of the art, Sewage treatment
effluents, Microbial aerosols, Environmental health,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), Pathogens.
PB81-170748 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Animal Investigation Program 1978 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
D. D. Smith, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. R. Giles. Dec 80,
74p EPA-600/3-80-096, DOE/DP-0059-038
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Las
Vegas, NV. Nevada Operations Office. See also report
dated 1977, EMSL-LV-OS39-26.
Data are presented from the radio-analysis of tissues
collected from cattle and wildlife that resided on or
near the Nevada Test Site. Gamma-emitting radionu-
clides were detected infrequently with the exception of
short-lived radionuclides found in samples from ani-
mals collected soon after a nuclear test by the Peo-
ple's Republic of China. Plutonium and Strontium-90
concentrations in tissues from deer, cattle, and desert
bighorn sheep were consistent with those of recent
years. Tritium concentrations were generally within ex-
pected environmental limits with the exception of ani-
mals exposed to sources of contamination. Radionu-
clide tissue concentrations were generally higher in
the tissues of animals residing in Area 15 than in simi-
lar animals collected from pther Nevada Test Site
areas. Hypothetical dose estimates to man were cal-
culated on the basis of the daily consumption of 0.5
kilogram of liver or muscle from animals that contained
peak radionuclide levels. The highest postulated dose
was 1.4 millirems for tritium in tissues from a mule
deer. The movements of 13 mule deer outfitted with
collars containing a radio transmitter unit were moni-
tored on a weekly basis. During the winter deer left
their summer range and migrated 40 to 60 kilometers
south and west. A deer originally captured in 1977 was
killed by hunters approximately 120 kilometers from its
capture point. No gross or microscopic lesions were
found in necropsied animals that could be directly at-
tributed to the effects of ionizing radiation.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Radiobiology, Sur-
veillance, Beef cattle, Wildlife, Pathology, Radio telem-
etry, Tissues(BiolOQy), Peoples Republic of China,
Fallout, Concentration(Composition), Contamination,
Humans, Plutonium, Strontium, Cesium, Metals, Deer,
Bioaccumulation, 'Nevada Test Site, Histopathology.
PB81-171043 PC A02/MF A01
Survey of the Huntlngton and Philadelphia River
Water Supplies for Purgeable Organic Contami-
nants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. An-
napolis Field Office.
Frederick A. Dreisch, Marilyn Gower, and Thomas O.
Munson. Nov80,24p EPA-903/9-81-003
Raw river water from the Schuylkill and Ohio Rivers
was analyzed for purgeable organic halogenated and
non-halogenated compounds. The Schuylkill River
water contained chloroform ranging from zero to 13.5
micrograms/l (ppb). Eleven additional compounds oc-
curred at <1 ppb values. The Ohio River water con-
tained nine identifiable compounds with all the com-
pounds present below 1 ppb with the exception of
chloroform which ranged from zero to 8.9 ppb. No non-
halogenated compounds were found in either river
with the exception of toluene in one Schuylkill River
sample. Among the more prominent compounds found
in both rivers were: chloroform, carbontetrachloride,
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trich-
loroethane.
Keywords: 'Water quality, Ohio River, Schuylkill River,
Water quality data, Huntington(West Virginia),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB81-171183 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Effects of Pollutants on Mfcroblal Activities In Es-
tuarlne Surface Films,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
D. G. Ahearn, W. L. Cook, and S. A. Crow. Mar 81,28p
EPA-600/4-81-009
Grant EPA-R-804477
Samples of inshore surface films from Escambia Bay,
Florida and from sites in the North Sea yielded popula-
tions of aerobic, heterotrophic microorganisms up to
10 to the 8th power per ml or 1,000,000 per sq. cm. Hy-
drocarbpnoclastic organisms were in relatively low
populations. A comparison of species of yeasts preva-
lent in North Sea waters before and after oil production
activities indicated a shift to a more widespread distri-
bution of hydrocarbonoclastic forms with possible inhi-
bition of a non-hydrocarbon utilizing species. Examina-
tion of various hydrocarbons and chlorinated com-
pounds with the potential of being sequestered in natu-
ral films indicated that 66% could potentially alter mi-
crobial metabolic processes in the slick. In microcosm
studies of estuarine systems representative com-
pounds demonstrated a selective effect for microfungi.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Toxicology, Escambia
Bay, Metabolism, Hydrocarbons, Florida, North Sea,
Yeasts, Chlorine organic compounds, Estuaries, 'Oil
slicks, 'Water pollution effect8(Microorganisms), Mi-
crocosms, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-171191 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Methodology for Designing an Optimum Air Qual-
ity Monitoring Network,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Mei-Kao Liu, and Joel Avrin. Feb 81,60p 158-EF79-
146R4, EPA-600/4-81-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2446
A two-step objective method is presented for deter-
mining the optimum number and disposition of ambient
air quality stations in a monitoring network. The
method uses a data base consisting of a comprehen-
sive set of simulated or measured air quality patterns
representative of the region of interest. In the first step,
the most desirable monitoring locations are identified
and ranked. The minimum number of required loca-
tions is determined in the second step through elimi-
nating redundancies among the locations identified in
the first step with regard to spatial coverage over the
region of interest. As a demonstration, the method Is
applied to the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada for the pol-
lutant species carbon monoxide.
Keywords: 'Site selection, Statistical analysis, Meth-
odology, Ranking, Air pollution, Monitoring, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB81-171233 PC A03/MF A01
Vapor Pressure Distribution of Selected Organic
Chemicals. Final rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
Edison, NJ. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Robert C. Weber, Phillip A. Parker, and Melanie
Bowser. Feb 81,39p EPA-600/2-81-021
A tabulation of vapor pressures for organic chemical
products currently considered for inclusion in fugitive
emissions regulations was prepared. For each of the
378 chemicals (or groups of chemicals) identified by
the Emission Standards and Engineering Division, the
following data have been collected: (a) physical state
at 20C and 101.3 kPa (1 atmosphere); (fa) vapor pres-
sure at the same conditions of temperature and pres-
sure; and (c) references for each vapor pressure. From
these data, physical state and vapor pressure summa-
ries and distributions have been prepared. It is impor-
tant to note that the vapor pressure data presented
herein do not represent experimentally determined
values at 20C and 101.3 kPa. Rather, they are esti-
mates developed from primary references for the pur-
pose of generating reasonable vapor pressure distribu-
tions using the most widely accepted and accurate
methods.
Keywords: 'Vapor pressure, Organic compounds,
Tables(Data), Volatile organic compounds.
PB81-171282 PC AOS/MF A01
United States - Canada Transboundary Air Pollu-
tion Work Group 3A Interim Report on Strategies
and Implementation. Rept. for Aug 80-Feb 81.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of International Activities.
Feb81,83p
This is one of a set of four reports which represent an
initial effort to draw together currently available infor-
mation on transboundary air pollution, with particular
emphasis on acid deposition, and to develop a con-
sensus on the nature of the problem and the measures
available to deal with it.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollution,
Smelters, Thermal power plants, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Cooperation, International relations,
Canada, United States, Research management,
Project planning, Coordination, 'Acid rain.
PB81-171316 PC A09/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Evaluation Inspection Manual.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement.
Jan 81,181pMCD-75, EN-338
This Manual is a guide for the professional field staff In
carrying out their responsibilities in field surveillance,
facility Inspection, and enforcement activities. It con-
tains the authorities, objectives, responsibilities, poli-
cies, and procedures required by the field staff to do a
1040 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
thorough and effective job. This Manual is not intended
to coyer every possible situation confronting an in-
spection team; but it should enable the inspector, es-
pecially the new inspector, to deal objectively with the
many complex situations that arise during a CEI.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Manuals, Inspec-
tion, Policies, Evaluation.
PB81-171597 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
QH.
Evaluation of Mixing Systems for Blogaslflcatlon
of Municipal Solid Waste. Final rept. 1976-79,
«>ystems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Joseph T. Swartzbaugh, and Ralph B. Smith. Mar 81,
°2pEPA-600/2-81-031
Contract EPA-68-03-2105
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
Jhe concept originally to be evaluated entailed mixing
ine organic residual from a solid waste, materials re-
covery system with municipal wastewater sludge and
'nen processing this mixture via anaerobic digestion to
Produce a methane rich fuel gas. The undigested ma-
terial was dewatered for evaluation as a solid fuel. The
Process was not fully successful, due in part to Inad-
equate mixing in the 378,000-liter test vessel. The
study scope was therefore increased to include an
evaluation of 'state of the art' mixing methods as ap-
Pted to solid waste digesters. The results of that
mixjng study are presented. Two specially selected
mixing systems were tested and evaluated to deter-
mine how effectively they could prevent the formation
Of fibrous mats and stringers.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion,
Digestion(Decomposition), "Mixing, Anaerobic condi-
tions, Performance evaluation, Digesters, Design,
Refuse derived fuels, 'Anaerobic digestion, Biocon-
version.
JJB8M71621 PC A23/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Louisiana, Water Year
u?80- Volume 1. Central and Northern Louisiana.
Water-data rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Dtv.
°9C80,540pUSGS/WRD/HD-80/020, USGS-WDR-
?ee also Volume 1 for Water Year 1979, PB80-
15329Q.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report, in three vol-
umes, contains records for water discharge at 75
gaging stations (including stage for 71 of these sta-
tions); stage only for 38 gaging stations and 11 lakes;
contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 124 surface-
water stations (including 34 gaging stations, 107 mis-
cellaneous sites, and 15 lakes), and 268 wells; and
water levels for 506 observation wells. Also included
are data for 271 crest-stage and flood-profile partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Louisi-
ana, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
fate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, 'Water quality data, "Hydrologlc
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-171639 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Bacterial Degradation of Dlbenzo-p-dloxln and
Chlorinated Dlbenzo-p-dloxlns. Final rept Dec 76-
Nov 79,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Microbiology.
«• M. Klecka, and D. T. Gibson. Mar 81,74p EPA-600/
4-81-016
Grant EPA-R-604525
This report sought to determine the initial oxidative
pathways for dlbenzodioxin and dibenzofuran com-
pounds by bacteria in aquatic systems. Bacterial cul-
tures were isolated and oxidized dlbenzo-p-dioxin and
mono-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; however, dl-
phlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, were not metabolized
by either strain. The metabolite, 1,2-dihydrodlbenzo-p-
dioxin, was a potent inhibitor of further oxidation. Pseu-
domonas sp. N.C.I.B. 9816, strain II, when grown on
salicylate in the presence of dibenzo-p-dioxin, accu-
mulated cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzo-p-dioxin
and 2-hydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin in the culture medium.
Crude cell extracts prepared from the parental strain
grown with naphthalene oxidized cis-1,2-dihydroxy-
1,2-dihyrodibenzo-p-dioxin under both aerobic and an-
erobic conditions to 1,2-dihydroxydlbenzo-p-dloxin.
Further degradation of this metabolite was not detect-
ed. Whole cells of the parent strain of Beijerinckia,
grown with succlnate and biphenyl, oxidized dibenzo-
p-dioxin and several chlorinated dioxins. The rate of
oxidation of the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins de-
creased with an increasing degree of chlorine substitu-
tion. A mutant strain (B8/36) of Beijerinckia oxidized
dibenzo-p-dioxin to cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodi-
benzo-p-dioxin.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, Oxidation, Oxygen heter-
ocyclic compounds, Chlorine aromatic compounds,
Pseudomonas, Bacteria, Inhibitors, Growth regulators,
'Dibenzodioxins, "Dibenzofurans, Toxic substances,
Dioxins, Beijerinickia, Biodegradation, Metabolites.
PB81-171647 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park,' NC.
Experimental Protocol for Determining Oione Re-
action Rate Constants. Interim rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
James N. Pitts, Jr., Arthur M. Winer, Dennis R. Fitz,
Sara M. Aschmann, and Roger Atkinson. Mar 81,41 p
EPA-600/3-81-024
Grant EPA-R-806661
An experimental protocol for the determination of
room temperature rate constants for the reactions of
ozone with chemicals in the gas phase has been de-
veloped and is described in detail. This protocol will
thus provide a basis for evaluating the relative impor-
tance of one atmospheric reaction pathway (i.e. attack
by ozone) of organic substances which may be emitted
into the environment. The experimental technique is
based upon monitoring the decay of ozone (initially
present at approximately 1 ppm) in the presence and
absence of known excess concentrations of the test
compound, with pure air as a diluent gas. The ozone
reaction rate constants are then calculated from the
dependence of the observed ozone decay rates on the
concentration of the test compound. The reactions are
carried out in approximately 150-180 liter Teflon reac-
tion bags. The reaction bag is initially divided into two
approximately equal sub-chambers. Ozone rate con-
stants 10 to the -20 cu cm/molecule/pec car 'TO read-
ily measured for test compound concentrations of ap-
proximately 0.1 torr (i.e. 100 ppm), which encom-
passes the reactivities of interest from an atmospheric
point of view.
Keywords: 'Ozone, Reaction kinetics, Methodology,
Measurement, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB81-171654 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Effects of In situ Gasification of
Texas Lignite. Final rept. Oct 78-Mar 80,
Texas Univ. at Austin.
T. F Edgar, M. J. Humenick, W. R. Kaiser, and R. J.
Charbeneau. Mar 81,161pEPA-600/7-81-035
Grant EPA-R-806261
A general survey of the environmental effects of the in-
situ gasification of Texas lignite was undertaken. The
survey emphasized the following subjects: Identifica-
tion of location, quality and quantity of resources; As-
sessment of applicable in-situ gasification technol-
ogies; Determination of possible adverse air, water
and land environmental impacts resulting from gasifi-
cation; Evaluation of dispersion and mathematical
models to predict pollutant transport; Assessment of
control technology for water pollutants.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, ••Environmental impacts,
Lignite, Air pollution, Water pollution, Water pollution
control, Mathematical models, Manufactured gas,
Texas, Reviewing, 'In situ gasification, Land pollution,
Synthetic fuels.
PB81-171662 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Automotive Crankcase Oil: Detection In a Coastal
Wetlands Environment. Final rept.,
Hunter Coll., New York.
John T. Tanacredi, and Dennis Stainken, Mar 81,68p
EPA-600/2-81-045
Samples from four sewage treatment facilities which
discharge into Jamaica Bay, New York, were analyzed
for the presence of waste automotive oil products. UV-
fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were utilized
to qualitatively Identify waste petroleum hydrocarbons
in effluents of water pollution control plants by compar-
ison of sample profiles to profiles generated by stand-
ard reference oils. Within the Bay, surface waters and
a benthic bivalve (Mya arenaria L.) were also analyzed
for petroleum hydrocarbons using fluorescence tech-
niques, and gas chromatography. GC-Mass spectros-
copy was used to further aid in establishing the pres-
ence of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Waives. Syn-
chronized excitation fluorescence spectroscopy was
used in this Investigation to confirm the presence of
waste automobile oil in the environmental samples.
Results strongly indicated the presence of hydrocar-
bons associated with waste automotive petroleum
products in most of the extracts of effluent samples,
surface water samples and bivalves.
Keywords: 'Lubricating oils, 'Water analysis, Ultravio-
let spectroscopy, Fluorescence, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Spectroscopic analysis, Clams,
'Oil pollution detection, Sewage treatment effluent
'Water pollution detection, Ultraviolet fluorescence
spectroscopy, Jamaica Bay, Wetland, Mya arenaria.
PB81-171829 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determining Effect of Pollutants on the Immune
System. Final rept.,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
A. Zarkower, J. Davis, F. Ferguson, and D. Strickler.
Mar 81,95p EPA-600/1 -81 -020
Contract EPA-68-02-2472
The purpose of this project was to determine the ef-
fects of fly-ash inhalation on the ability of animals to
resist infections, neoplastic growth, and the develop-
ment of hypersensitive responses. Mice were exposed
to fly ash from two different sources, carbon black, and
filtered ambient air only. Following exposures of vari-
ous lengths (days to months), a variety of tests were
done to determine the immunologic competence of
lymphocytes, neutrophiles, and macrophages. Fly ash
had a suppressive effect on the ability of mice to re-
spond to Escherichia coll antigens given by aerosol;
this suppression was much less severe than that fol-
lowing exposures to carbon black. Fly ash had little
effect on the ability of B and T lymphocytes to respond
to mitogens and to be stimulated lor cytolytic response
against tumor cells. The cellular response of BCG-sen-
sitized mice to purified protein derivative of tuberculin
was enhanced. The effect of fly ash on macrophages
was more pronounced, involving decreased phagocyt-
ic activity, decreased antibody-dependent cytolosis, in-
creased cytoxic activity against tumor cells, and de-
creased ability to activate T cell mitogenesis.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Immunologic diseases. Inhala-
tion, Neoplasms, Exposure, Escherichia coli, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Antigens, Aerosols, Lymphocytes,
'Immune responses, Infections, 'Air pollution
erfects(Animals).
PB81-171837 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Potential Flow Model for Gaussian Plume Interac-
tion with Simple Terrain Features. Final rept. 1977-
79,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
A. Bass, D. G Strimaitis, and B. A. Egan. Mar 81,202p
EPA-600/4-81-008
Contract EPA-68-02-2759
The theory of turbulent plumes embedded within po-
tential flow fields Is discussed for flows modified by
special complex terrain situations. Both two-dimen-
sional and three-dimensional isolated terrain obstacles
are considered. Concentration estimates are evaluat-
ed using a Gaussian solution to the appropriate diffu-
sion equation; dispersion coefficients are modified to
account for terrain-Induced kinematic constraints, and
December 1983 1041
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plume centerline trajectory is obtained from a stream
line of the potential flow. Specific limitations to the
theory and its applicability are reviewed. A computer
algorithm is developed and documented to perform
these calculations. Dispersion estimates and ground-
level concentrations are given for a variety of meteoro-
logical situations. Parameters of the problem include
obstacle height, effective source height, distance be-
tween source and obstacle, crosswind aspect ratio of
the obstacle, and atmospheric stability. The potential
flow theory, originally applicable to neutral flows, is ex-
tended by an empirical approximation to slightly stable
flows. Model computations are compared to laboratory
experimental results for neutral and stable flows, and
to field measurements from the Tennessee Valley Au-
thority Widow Creek Power Plant.
Keywords: "Terrain models, "Air pollution, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Comparison, Plumes, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Dispersion, Concentration(Composition), Electric
power plants, Computer programs, Gaussian plume
models, Numerical solution.
PB81-171845 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Production In Coastal Silt Marshes of Southern
California,
California State Univ., Fullerton. Dept. of Geography.
H. Peter Ellers. Mar 81,100p EPA-600/3-61-023
Grant EPA-R-805438-01-1
Production ecology In southern California coastal salt
marshes was Investigated by harvesting macrophytes
and monitoring environmental factors (substrate salini-
ty, pH, nitrogen, redox, water content, temperature,
and tide level) at four locatlons-Sweetwater River Es-
tuary, Los Penasquitos Lagoon, Upper Newport Bay,
and Bolsa Bay-over an annual cycle beginning fall
1977. High levels of production in Sallcornla vlrglnlca
and Frankenla grandlflora at Los Penasquitos Lagoon
suggests that production In some plant species may
be increased by reduced tidal contact.
Keywords: 'Primary biological productivity, 'Marshes,
'Coasts, Aquatic plants, Monitoring, Substrates, pH,
Salinity, Nitrogen, Moisture content, Ocean tempera-
ture, Ocean tides, Biomass, California, 'Salt marches,
Habitats.
PB81-171852 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Btodegradatlon and Carbon Adsorption Carcino-
genic and Hazardous Organic Compounds. Final
rept. 6 Aug 79-6 Aug 80,
lit Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Edward G. Fochtman. Mar 81,45p EPA-600/2-81 -032
Contract EPA-68-03-2834
This research program was conducted to determine
the capability of biological treatment and activated
carbon adsorption to remove chemical carcinogens
and other hazardous organic compounds from water
and wastewater. Compounds studied were benzidine,
4-nitrobiphenyl, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidlne,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(a)pyrene,
dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, 2-acetyl-aminofluorene,
benzo(k)fluoranthene, 4-aminobiphenyl, 3,4-benzo-
fluoranthene, and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. All of
the compounds tested exhibited some degree of bio-
logical degration. Carbon adsorption was also effec-
tive in removing the compounds from aqueous solu-
tion. Large polynuclear aromatic compounds exhibited
reduced adsorption capacities due to exclusion from
the small diameter pores of the carbon.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated carbon
treatment, Adsorption, Decomposition, Biodegrada-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Carcinogens, Physical chemi-
cal treatment, Benzidines, Benzopyrene, Benzidine/
dichloro, Biphenyl/nitro, Benzoperylenes, Diben-
zoanthracenes, Fluorantheses.
PB81-172256 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
mum Meteorological and Air Pollution Sam-
I Network Selection In Cities. Volume III: Ob-
• Variations! Analysis Model,
rch Triangle Inst., Research Tn'angle Park, NC.
Walter D. Bach, Jr., and Fred M. Vukovich. Mar 81,69p
EPA-600/4-81-012
Contract EPA-68-03-2187
This report is the third in a series of reports on the de-
velopment and application of a procedure to establish
an optimum sampling network for ambient air quality in
urban areas. In the first report, the theoretical aspects
and the model algorithms for the procedure and an op-
timum network for St. Louis were presented (EPA-
600/4-78-030). The results of the comparison of the
wind field obtained from the optimum network in St.
Louis and that obtained from all available data were
described in the second report (EPA-600/4-79-069).
This report discusses the development and application
to St. Louis of the Objective Variational Analysis Model
which is used to provide the air pollution distribution.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Wind(Meteorology),
•weather stations, Networks, Sampling, Wind direc-
tion, Flow distribution, Air pollution, Missouri, 'Air qual-
ity, Air pollution sampling.
PB81-172264 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
XAD-2 Thermal Blank Determination. Final rept.
May 78-Jun 79,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Paul M. Gross Chemical Lab.
C. H. Lochmueller, and Eric C. Jensen. Mar 81,31 p
EPA-800/2-81-047,, IERL-RTP-1091A
Grant EPA-R-805494-01
Porous polymer adsorbents have proven to be effec-
tive for collection and preconcentratlon of organic ma-
terials In air streams. As part of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory-RTP Level 1 Procedure (1) for environmen-
tal assessment, XAD-2 resin, a polystyrene-dlvlnylben-
zene porous polymer, Is used in an adsorbent trap for
the collection of volatile organic species. The purpose
of this study was to examine the stability of XAD-2
resin, particularly Its thermal stability under simulated
use conditions. While the bulk thermal stability of the
resin may be good, Introduction of contaminants on
the milligram scale can be sufficient to give a large
blank value in relation to the total collected material.In
the present study, the magnitude of the thermally-In-
duced blank was assessed primarily by measurement
of the Total Chromatographable Organic (TCO) frac-
tion of the resin extract. In addition, a gas chromatog-
raphy/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) study of several
of the extracts was carried out to identify the compo-
nents of the blank.
Keywords: 'Gas sampling, 'Adsorbents, Thermal sta-
bility, Performance evaluation, Styrene copolymers,
"XAD-2 resins, Volatile organic compounds, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB81-172272 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hlgh-Level Ozone Disinfection of Municipal
Wastewater Effluents. Final rept. Nov 75-Dec 80,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
Enos L. Stover, Robert N. Jarnis, and James P. Long.
MarSI, 106pEPA-600/2-81-040
Grant EPA-R-804946
Prepared in cooperation with Commonwealth of Mas-
sachusetts, Boston and City of Marlborough, MA.
A 20 month operating experimental program was con-
ducted at Marlborough, Massachusetts to evaluate the
feasibility, engineering, and economic aspects of
achieving high levels of effluent disinfection with
ozone. The ozone research pilot facility was designed
to operate at a constant wastewater flow rate or with
diurnal flow characteristics. Two effluent qualities (fil-
tered nitrified and filtered secondary) were evaluated
to assess the impacts of water quality on disinfection
performance with ozone. The absorbed ozone con-
centration required to achieve specific levels of disin-
fection was found to depend on water quality. Ab-
sorbed ozone concentrations of 15 to 20 and 35 to 40
mg/l were required to achieve high level disinfection to
less than 2.2 total coliforms per 100 ml with filtered ni-
trified and filtered secondary effluents, respectively.
Absorbed ozone concentrations of 5 to 8 and 15 to 20
mg/l were required to achieve disinfection to 70 total
coliforms per 100 ml with the filtered nitrified and sec-
ondary effluents, respectively. Impacts of carrier gas
ozone concentration, carrier gas flow rate, gas/liquid
ratio and applied ozone dose on contactor transfer ef-
ficiencies with both effluent quality were defined.
Water quality, transfer efficiency and absorbed ozone
concentration are key factors affecting disinfection
performance that must be evaluated for efficient
design of ozone disinfection systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Ozonization, Disin-
fection, Performance evaluation, Process control, Cost
analysis, Feasibility.
PB81-172280 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Reaction Products from the Chlorlnatlon of Sea-
water. Final rept. 15 Jul 75-14 Jul 80,
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci-
ence, Miami, FL.
James H. Carpenter, Carroll A. Smith, and Rodney G.
Zika. Mar 81,62p UM-RSMAS-80006, EPA-600/4-81 -
010
Grant EPA-R-803893
Chemical treatment of natural waters, In particular the
use of chlorine as a bloclde, modifies the chemistry of
these waters In ways that are not fully understood. The
research described in this report examined both Inor-
ganic and organic reaction products from the chlorine-
Son of seawater using a variety of analytical approach-
es. Some analytical methods In widespread current
use underestimate the residual oxldants in chlorinated
seawater by as much as 70% depending upon the
detail of the procedures. The chlorlnation of seawater
In the presence of light produces substantial quantities
of bromate ions which can influence standard analyti-
cal procedures and represents an unknown factor In
estuarlne and coastal waters. The copper complexion
capacity of Blscayne Bay, Florida water was found to
be substantially reduced with the addition of chlorine.
Analysis was made by anodic stripping voltammetry on
water samples after successive additions of copper
sulfate solution. Laboratory chlorlnatlon of water from
the Intake of the Port Everglades, Florida power plant
produces bromoform levels comparable to that found
In the plant discharge. These results are in contrast to
results reported In the literature for a power plant on
the Patuxent estuary in Maryland, so that bromoform
production appears to be site-specific. Chloroform ex-
tracts of chlorinated Biscayne Bay water are found to
contain halogenated compounds which are new and
different, and which pose unusual analytical problems.
Studies using GC/ECD, GC/MS, HPLC, H NMR, differ-
ential pulsed polarography and other techniques on
natural extracts and synthesized compounds are re-
ported.
Keywords: 'Sea water, "Chlorination, Water chemis-
try, Oxidizers, Bromates, Biocides, Cooling water,
Electric power plants, Copper inorganic compounds,
Bromoform, Halogenated hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Biscayne Bay.
PB81-172298 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Epidemiologies! Study of 'Klebslella Pneumonias'
Among Pulp and Paper Mill Workers,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
M. S. Kanarek, and N. R Caplenas. Mar 81,77p EPA-
600/1-81-023
Contract EPA-C-3043NAEX
This one-year study measured fecal coliform and Kleb-
siella bacteria densities in several of Wisconsin's pulp
and paper mill processing wash waters, treated
waters, and waters receiving pulp and paper mill efflu-
ent discharge. The isolation of fecal coliform bacteria
ranged from as low as the minimum detectable level of
less than 10 organisms/1000 ml water sample to as
high as an estimated 1,000,000 organisms/100 ml
water sample. Water data were obtained from an efflu-
ent survey of twenty plants and a within-plant survey of
three mills. The findings from this study support previ-
ous investigations concerning the selective growth of
coliform bacteria in pulp and paper mills utilizing proc-
essed water recycle loops.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, Pulp mills, Epidemiol-
ogy, Public health, Bacteria, Paper industry, Coliform
bacteria, Water pollution, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB81-172308 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
1042 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Analytical Methods Evaluation tor Applicability In
Leachate Analysis. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Environmental
Health.
Foope B. DeWalle, Theodore Zeisig, John F. C. Sung,
Donald M. Norman, and Jack B. Hatlen. Mar 81 , 340p
EPA-600/2-81 -046
Grants EPA-R-804883, EPA-R-805753
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst. of Tech.,
Atlanta. Dept. of Civil Engineering, and Stanford Univ.,
CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
In this study a round robin analysis of 10 leachate sam-
ples was conducted by 32 laboratories in the United
States and Canada. Samples were analyzed for up to
28 parameters, including physical parameters (ph, oxi-
dation reduction potential, conductivity, turbidity, and
residue), organics (chemical oxygen demand, total or-
ganic carbon, organic nitrogen, and free volatile fatty
acids), anions (sulfate, phosphate, chloride, nitrate,
and bicarbonate), and cations (alkali metals, alkaline
earth metals, transition metals, and heavy metals). It
was noted that the overall coefficients of variation
ranged from 32% for the chemical oxygen demand to
210% for the cadmium determination. Significant dif-
ferences were noted between results from colorimetric
methods and tttrimetric and physical methods. The av-
erage recovery for spiked parameters in one leachate
sample was 81 % but varied widely for individual pa-
rameters. Results obtained using automated methods
commonly deviated from those of other methods. Rec-
ommendations were made for selection of the most
applicable method for analysis of each parameter. The
"sage of the standard addition technique is required in
each laboratory to determine the matrix depression or
enhancement for each type of leachate sample.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution,
Chemical analysis, Leaching, Sites, Ground water,
Surface water, Sampling, Physical properties, Organic
compounds, Cations, Anions, Volumetric analysis, Col-
orimetric analysis, Metals, Tables(Data),
Qraphs(Charts), Statistical analysis, 'Water pollution
detection, Chemical oxygen demand.
{•881-172413 PC A08/MF A01
wmethoate: Petition Document 4.
environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
1980, 156p EPA/SPRD-81/33
Agency Regulatory Decision on Registration of Pesti-
cide: Also contains comments from USDA and Scien-
unc Advisory Panel and EPA's response to these con-
cerns on economic, agricultural, environmental and
health impact of the regulatory decision.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Risk, Exposure,
Toxlcity, Diets, Insecticides, Reproductlon(Biology),
£etus, Industrial atmospheres, Requirements, Bene-
nts, 'Dimethoate, Oncogenesis, Mutagenesis, Health
"sks, Teratogenesis, Neurotoxins.
£881-172421 PC A08/MF A01
occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation In
Jne United States: A Comprehensive Summary for
*• Year 1075. Final rept.,
yfnce of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
, .
R. Cook, and DeVaughn R. Nelson. Nov 80, 1S2p
EPA-520/4-BO-001
The report summarizes the results of a study of 1975
occupational exposures to ionizing radiation in the
United States. Exposure data for all workers exposed
10 radiation are unavailable, so many of the results are
estimates based on extrapolation of partial data that
way not be representative of some groups of workers.
The primary findings are: (1) About 1.1 million United
states workers were exposed to ionizing radiation in
'"76. About 370,000 received measurable occupa-
tional doses; (2) The collective dose to the work force
"M nearly 130,000 person-rems. The approximately
3.5% of the work force that received more than 500
rnrem accounted for about 75% of this collective dose;
w) The average annual dose to all workers was 120
mrem; for workers with measurable doses, It was 350
mrem; and for workers receiving more than 500 mrem,
"was 1.600 mrem; and (4) About 87% of the work
jorce received less-than-measurable doses; about
"5% received doses of 500 mrem or less; and about
0.15% received doses exceeding 5 rem. Many other
""dings and observations are Included.
Keywords: 'Ionizing radiation, 'Industrial medicine,
'Health physics, United States, Exposure, Dosage,
Data sources, Reporting, 'Occupational safety and
health, Environmental health, Monitoring.
PB81-172561 PC A02/MF A01
Radioactivity Standards Distribution Program,
Fiscal Year 1981-1982. Interim rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Loren E. Thompson. Oct 80,19p EPA-600/4-80-044
A program for the distribution of calibrated radioactive
samples, as one function of EPA's quality assurance
program for environmental radiation measurements, is
described. Included is a discussion of the objectives of
the distribution program and a description of the prep-
aration, availability, and distribution of calibrated radio-
active samples. Instructions and application forms are
included for laboratories desiring to participate in the
program. This document is not a research report. It is
designed for use by personnel of laboratories partici-
pating or desiring to participate in the Radioactivity
Standards Distribution Program, which is a part of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's quality assur-
ance program.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Standards, Quality
assurance, Quality control, Calibrating, Radioactivity,
Radioactivity Standards Distribution Program, Refer-
ence materials.
PBS 1-172629 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of Analytical Test Procedures for
Organic Pollutants In Waetewater - Application to
Pesticides. Final rept. Sep 78-May 79,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Hope Miller, Paul Cramer, Arbor Drinkwine, Alice Shan,
and Glenn Trischan. Mar 81,90p 4586-A1, EPA-600/
4-81-017
Contract EPA-68-03-2711
The Environmental Protection Agency's Environmen-
tal Monitoring and Support Laboratory at Cincinnati
has been engaged in the development of test proce-
dures for a multitude of organics in water. A study was
performed on a group of 54 pesticides. The objective
was to develop procedures that were as similar to
each other as possible and were sensitive to 1 micro-
gram/liter. By using a standard method, at least as a
starting point, and making adjustment as necessary,
the number of unique procedures was kept to a mini-
mum. The experimental approach was to test each
pesticide against the standard method, e.g., .nethyl-
ene chloride extraction-Kuderna-Danish evaporation-
Florisil cleanup-gas chromatographic determination.
Problem areas such as poor recovery, inadequate
cleanup, etc., were identified and modifications to cir-
cumvent these problems were devised. One major de-
viation was the use of HPLC for several classes of pes-
ticides. The general classes or individual pesticides
studies (and the number of compounds in the classes)
were: organochlorine (6); organonitrogen (7); organo-
phosphorus (19); triazines (9); carbamates and ureas
(7); carbendazin and benomyl; cyanazine; carbofuran;
4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline); and dinoseb.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Chromatographic
analysis, 'Pesticides, 'Water analysis, Evaluation,
Chlorine organic compounds, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Triazines, Carbamates, 'Water pollution
detection, Toxic substances, 'Liquid chromatography,
High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB81-172637 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Phenolic Compound* from Wood Pre-
serving Wastewaters. Final rept. 20 Nov 78-20 May
80,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Bruce K. Wallin, Arthur J. Condren, and Roy L. Walden.
Mar 81,150p EPA-600/2-81 -043
Contract EPA-88-03-2605
Laboratory and pilot-scale studies were undertaken to
develop economically feasible technologies for the
treatment of wastewaters from wood preserving oper-
ations. Of prime concern was the removal of phenol
and its chlorinated derivatives, in particular, pentach-
lorophenol. Screening analysis of the wastewater Indi-
cated that pentachlorophenol was the only chlorinated
derivative consistently present in concentrations of ap-
proximately 100 mg/l. Treatment technologies investi-
gated for the treatment of these wastewaters included:
(1) adsorption; (2) biological oxidation; (3) chemical ox-
idation; (4) coagulation; (5) extraction; and (6) pH ad-
justment. Each of the above, along or in combination,
was capable of yielding a measurable reduction In the
concentration of total phenols and pentachlorophenol
in the untreated wastewater. Two technologies yielded
consistently high levels of treatment: pH adjustment of
the wastewater, followed by adsorption with bentonlte
clay and final polishing by the polymeric adsorbent,
XAD-4; and pH adjustment of the wastewater, followed
by extraction with a mixture of No. 2 fuel oil and a co-
solvent such as still bottoms from amyl alcohol produc-
tion.
Keywords: 'Wood preservatives, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Phenols, Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Adsorption, Solvent extrac-
tion, Reviews, Ion exchange resins, Oxidation, Wood
processing, Phenol/pentacnloro, State of the art.
PB81-172645 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Limestone-Lime Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
- Full Scale. Final rept. Oct 68-Oct 77,
Peabody Coal Co., St. Louis, MO.
David G. McDonald, and Alten F. Grandt. Mar 81,205p
EPA-600/7-81-033
The nation-wide problems related to acidic discharges
from-coal mining operations are well documented in
both popular and technical literature. Neutralization is
and will continue to be a necessary short-term meas-
ure in numerous instances, while long-range programs
are being developed to prevent and/or arrest acid pro-
duction at the source. Considerable effort has been
expended in investigating the neutralization of acid
mine drainage with limestone, lime, and soda ash. A
combination limestone-lime process has been shown
to have cost advantages with improved effluent quality
and sludge settling characteristics. This document is
the final and summary report on the neutralization
studies. Utilizing a full scale neutralization plant, the
effect of detention time, sludge recirculation, flow pat-
tern, and treatment pH have been observed using
limestone and lime separately and in combination.
Data have been accumulated on highly acidic ferric
iron acid mine drainage to determine the most eco-
nomical method of treatment. Plant operation indi-
cates that combination limestone-lime treatment with
sludge recirculation on both treatment lines is the most
economical scheme of treatment
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Neutralizing,
'Limestone, 'Coal mines, Pilot plants, Performance
evaluation, Cost analysis, 'Mine acid drainage.
PB81-172660 PC A05/MF A01
Dleflt: A Distribution Fitting System 1. Discrete
Distributions, A User's Guide,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Victor Hasselblad, Andy Stead, and Helen Anderson.
Jan 81,85p EPA-600/2-81 -010
The DISFIT system is a series of programs and sub-
routines to fit distributions to data. This first volume de-
scribes the routines to fit discrete distributions. The
distributions included are the binomial, truncated bino-
mial, mixture of two binomials, beta binomial, Poisson,
truncated Poisson, mixture of two Poissons, negative
binomial, truncated negative binomial, and logarithmic.
All parameters are estimated using maximum likeli-
hood techniques. Any of the parameters may be speci-
fied instead of estimated. Variances of estimated as-
ymptotic variances of the parameter estimates are
also given. Some tests of hypotheses are possible
using likelihood ratio tests. This guide contains the de-
scriptions, calling sequences, documentation, and ex-
amples for each distribution. The program Is written
entirely in Fortran, and a listing of the program Is in the
appendix.
Keywords: 'Statistical distributions, 'Binomial density
functions, 'Poisson density functions, 'Computer pro-
grams, Statistical data, Curve fitting, Fortran, 'DISFIT
system, 'Logarithmic density functions, Maximum like-
lihood estimation, Parameter estimation, UNIVAC-
1100 computers, Goodness of fit tests.
December 1983 1043
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-172878 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Guidelines for Environmental
Health Research,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. A. Cunningham, K. W. Gold, T. J. Hughes, L. E.
Myers, and C. E. Tatsch. Jan 81,149p* EPA-600/2-
81-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3226
This document provides conceptual guidelines for the
development, implementation and evaluation of re-
search task quality assurance plans for the staff of the
Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL/RTP) of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. It is designed to assist
project officers in applying quality assurance concepts
to each phase of a research task, from the initial plan-
ning through final report preparation. It is designed to
assist management staff in evaluating these plans in
the implementation of Agency QA policy. The guide-
lines describe the HERL-RTP OA organization and the
OA responsibility of both management and technical
research personnel in relation to the mandatory
Agency QA policy and task data quality requirements.
Aspects of research tasks that must be considered by
project officers in the development or review of QA
elements are treated in detail. Specific guidelines for
atmosphere generation, dose monitoring and animal
research are also included.
Keywords: 'Research projects, Policies, Guidelines,
Research, Development, Implementation, Evaluation,
Air pollution, Quality control, Animals, Plans, Sampling, .
'Quality assurance, 'Environmental health, Monitor-
ing.
PB81-172710 PC A04/MF A01
Generic Facilities Plan for a Small Community;
Stabilization Pond and Oxidation Ditch. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Feb81,63pEPA/FRD-18, EPA-430/9-81-007
The wastewater treatment problems and facilities
planning issues of small communities and rural areas
are different from those of large cities or more populat-
ed areas. EPA has developed an approach that recog-
nizes these differences and the nature of small com-
munity participation in the construction grants pro-
gram. This report is one of the tools for use by small
communities. It contains a generic facilities plan and a
procedure to identify communities with the potential for
using the generic facilities plan.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Rural areas,
Lagoons(Ponds), Oxidation, Evaluation, Question-
naires, Assessments, Environmental impacts, Con-
struction costs, Instructions, 'Small communities,
Construction grants program.
PB81-172744 PC A09/MF A01
Analytical Reference Standards and Supplemental
Data for Pesticides and Other Organic Com-
pounds,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Morton Beroza, and Robert L. Caswell. Dec 80,190p*
EPA-600/2-81-011
See also report dated May 78, PB-284 224.
Contents:
List of available pesticide standards and ordering
information;
Compounds deleted from 1978 stock and name
changes;
List of non-pesticide organic chemical standards;
Safe handling of primary reference standards;
Preparation and storage of reference standards;
Decoding residue analytical method references;
List of contributing pesticide producing companies;
Index of pesticide equivalent names;
Mailing list confirmation;
Availability of analytical reference standards.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, Stand-
ards, Tables(Data), Storage, Materials handling,
Chemical analysis, Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungi-
cides, Residues, 'Standard reference materials, List-
ings, Toxic substances.
PB81-173064 PC A09/MF A01
United States - Canada Memorandum of Intent on
Transboundary Air Pollution. Atmospheric Model-
Ing, Work Group 2 Interim Report. Rept. for Aug
80-Mar 81,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of International Activities.
H. L. Ferguson, and L. Machta. 11 Mar 81,184p
This is one of a set of four reports which represent an
initial effort to draw together currently available infor-
mation on transboundary air pollution, with particular
emphasis on acid deposition, and to develop a con-
sensus on the nature of the problem and the measures
available to deal with it.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollution,
Sulfur oxides, International relations, Canada, United
States, Mathematical models, Research management,
Project planning, Coordination, Cooperation, 'Acid
rain.
PB81-173312 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Effect of Colllslonal Lifetime In Optoacoustlc De-
tection of Pollutant Gases. Final rept. Feb 79-Feb
80,
Allegheny Coll., Meadville, PA. Dept. of Physics.
Wolfgang Christian. Mar 81,28p EPA-600/7-81 -026
Grant EPA-R-806439-01
The optoacoustic technique shows promise for pollu-
tion monitoring due to its small size and high sensitivi-
ty. This technique is fundamentally different from most
spectroscopy in that absorbed energy is measured in-
directly as a pressure change in the surrounding gas.
Not all the absorbed energy is detected as a pressure
change, the actual value depending on the collisional
and thermal relaxation times. This research shows that
relaxation effects in carbon dioxide begin to reduce the
optoacoustic signal below 100 Torr. At 50 Torr the op-
toacoustic signal contains only half the absorbed
energy. Collisional and thermal relaxation times of 7.5
micro sec and 0.1 sec are shown to correctly predict
the decrease in the optoacoustic signal. A new calibra-
tion technique employing a piezoelectric crystal was
developed for this research. The piezoelectric calibra-
tion was necessary because the microphone sensitivi-
ty varied by a factor of 3 as a function of total gas pres-
sure. This technique is generally applicable in account-
ing for changes in microphone sensitivity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution detection, 'Gas analysis, 'In-
frared spectroscopy, Molecular relaxation, Calibrating,
Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(N20), Ultrasonic radi-
ation, Optoacoustics.
PB81-173320 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pilot Program for the National Environmental
Specimen Bank - Phase I,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Sally H. Harrison, Rolf Zeisler, and Stephen A. Wise.
Mar81.61p EPA-600/1-81-025
The work was performed under a joint NBS/EPA re-
search program to develop state-of-the-art protocols
for the sampling, storage, and analysis of biological
and environmental-type matrices. This report summa-
rizes the procedures used in the initial phase of a pilot
program for determining the feasibility of the National
Environmental Specimen Bank. A Special clean labo-
ratory/storage facility has been completed for use in
this program. Detailed protocols for sampling, storage,
and analysis of human liver samples are described.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chemical analysis, Proce-
dures, Sampling, Storage, Feasibility study, Liver,
Humans, Analyzing, State of the art, Protocols, 'Speci-
men handling, Monitoring, 'Environmental health.
PB81-173338 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Etlologlcally Defined Respiratory Infec-
tions on Lung Function and Its Growth In an Area
of Low Air Pollution - Splrometry In Young Chil-
dren When Illness-Free,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Albert M. Collier, Gerald L. Strope, Ronald W. Helms,
Lisa Morrissey LaVange, and Wallace A. Clyde, Jr. Mar
81,60p EPA-600/1-81-022
Grant EPA-R-804577
This longitudinal study was performed in a group of 3-
12 year old children to document normal lung growth
patterns as measured by spirometry. By clinical and
laboratory parameters, these children were free of ill-
ness at the time of study and had been for the preced-
ing 21 days. Spirometry was performed prospectively
over a period of six years in 69 children (27 black fe-
males, 23 black males, 10 white females, and 9 white
males) all from a day care center. Eight hundred fifteen
spirometric tests were made on these children. Six spi-
rometric parameters were measured: forced vital ca-
pacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second
(FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PER, forced expiratory
flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25-75%),
and maximum expiratory flows after 50% and 75% of
the FVC have been exhaled (Vmax50% and
Vmax75%, respectively). There were significant differ-
ences between the regression lines (considering slope
and intercept) for all six parameters when black fe-
males were compared to black males, white females to
white males, black females to white females and black
males to white males, except for Vmax75% for the
comparison of black females to black males and white
females to white males. These slopes and intercepts
were similar to those reported by others for children of
similar age and height. This study demonstrates that
spirometry can be performed reliabley at an early age
in a day care center population, that there are signifi-
cant racial and sexual differences in spirometric
volume and flow parameters and that the variability of
these measurements is proportional to height rather
than being a constant.
Keywords: 'Respiratory infections, 'Children, Etiology,
Lung, Growth, Males, Females, Air pollution, Respira-
tory systems, 'Spirometry, Race, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB81-173346 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB (Polychlorl-
nated Blphenyl) Waste Oil. Volume I. Summary.
Final rept. May-Dec 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
S. G. Zelenski, Joanna Hall, and S. E. Haupt. Mar 81,
85p EPA-600/2-81-033A
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The report documents the permitting process followed
by the State of Michigan before allowing a trial destruc-
tion burn of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the
General Motors (GM) Chevrolet Bay City plant. Volume
| includes a chronology of events and a matrix depict-
ing the interaction of federal, state, and local govern-
ment agencies and GM in the permitting process. The
matrix presents a list of who requested and who re-
sponded to each need for additional information. An
analysis of the significance of interactions, including
interagency communications, private sector/public
communication, and the flow and quality of information
developed is provided. Finally, recommendations that
are based on this permit application process and that
might facilitate subsequent applications for burns of
hazardous materials are made.
Keywords: 'Chlorine aromatic compounds, 'Liquid
waste disposal, Licenses, Combustion, National gov-
ernment, State government, Local government, Inter-
actions, Incinerators, Hazardous materials, 'Biphenyl/
perchloro, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB81-173809 PC A25/MF A01
Health Effects of Diesel Engine Emissions: Pro-
ceedings of an International Symposium Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on December 3-5,1979. Volume I,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. E. Pepelko, R. M. Danner, and N. A. Clarke. Nov 80,
591p* EPA-600/9-80-057A
See also Volume 2, PB81 -173817.
The purpose of this Symposium was to bring together
scientists and engineers from the public and private
sectors to discuss their research findings on the health
effects of diesel engine emissions and to conclude
with a discussion of health risk assessment of diesel
exhaust. The Proceedings are organized into eight
main sections corresponding to the format of the Sym-
1044 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
posium and addressing Physical and Chemical Char-
acteristics of Diesel Emissions, In Vitro Carcinogenic
and Mutagenlc Effects of Diesel Emissions and Com-
ponents, and Biochemical and Metabolic Effects. The
Proceeding papers, in some cases, are more compre-
hensive than the original presentations in order to pro-
vide more thorough coverage of the particular topic.
Edited discussions are included with each paper and
wherever possible the Identity of each questioner Is in-
dicated. The list of registrants will enable the reader to
contact a speaker fonurther Information.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Meetings, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Air pollution, Assessments, Epidemiology, Lung,
Morphology, Diesel fuels, Public health, Carcinogens,
Diesel engine exhaust, Environmental health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Health risks, Mutagenesls,
Carcinogenesis, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-173817 PC A99/MF A01
HNIth Effect* of Dleeel Engine Emleslons: Pro-
ceedings of an International Symposium Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on December 3-6, 1979. Volume
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. E. Pepelko, R. M. Danner, and N. A. Clarke. Nov BO,
632p« EPA-600/9-80-057B
See also Volume 1, PB81 -173809.
The Proceedings are organized into eight main sec-
tions corresponding to the format of the Symposium
and addressing Toxicologies! Effects of Inhaled Diesel
Emissions, Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Potency of
extracts of Diesel and Related Environmental Emis-
sions, Mutagenlcity of Inhaled Diesel Emissions, Carci-
nogenic Effects of Exposure to Diesel Emissions, Epi-
demic-logical Studies, and lastly a panel discussion on
Health Risk Assessment of Diesel Emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Meetings, 'Toxicol-
ogy. Air pollution, Assessments, Epidemiology, Lung,
Morphology, Diesel fuels, Public health, Carcinogens,
Diesel engine exhaust, Environmental health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Health risks, Mutagenesis,
Carcinogenesis, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-173825 PC A13/MF A01
Management of Bottom Sediment* Containing
roxlc Substances, Proceeding* of the U.S.-Japan
Experts' Meeting (5th) Held at New Orleans, Lou-
isiana on November 1979.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Spencer A. Peterson, and Karen K. Randolph. Sep 80,
277p* EPA-600/9-80-044
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-272 684.
This report Is the compilation of papers presented at
the Fifth United States-Japan Experts Meeting on the
Management of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic
Substances, one of the 10 identified areas.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings,
Ocean bottom, Dredging, Coasts, Fishes, Metals,
Mercury(Metal), Trace elements, Ecology, Lakes,
Spoil, Sewage disposal, Biphenyl, Toxiclty, United
States, Japan, Soil stabilization, Polychlorfnated bi-
Phenyls, Heavy metals.
PB81-173833 PC A09/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Drift Cerd Observations In Northwestern Wash-
ngton Along Portion* of Two Propoeed Oil Plpe-
Nne Route*,
Evans-Hamilton, Inc., Seattle, WA. Western Region.
•Jeffrey M. Cox, Curtis C. Ebbesmeyer, Jonathan M.
Helseth. and Carol A. Coomes. Dec 80,196p EPA-
600/7-80-186
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Seattle, WA.
During April 1978 and July 1980, a total of 5257 drift
cards were released along portions of two pipelines
Proposed to carry crude oil across Washington State.
The thin floatable plastic cards, having a specific gravi-
ty close to most crude oils, drift predominantly under
the influence of local currents and winds until
beached. Their reported recovery assists in determin-
ing possible trajectories and shoreline impact areas of
Potential surface and near surface oil spills.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Puget Sound, 'Juan de
Fuca Strait, Drift, Crude oil, Ocean currents, Pipelines,
Trajectories, Environmental Impacts, Shores, Recov-
ery, Maps, Washington(State), 'Oil spills.
PB81-173841 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A Remote Sensing Technique to Monitor 'Clado-
phora1 In the Great Lake*. Final rept. 1975-77,
Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Fred J. Tanis. Jul 80,38p EPA-600/3-80-075
Grant EPA-R-803811
Color illustrations reproduced In black and white.
The feasibility of using an airborne multispectral scan-
ner to monitor shoreline algae problems has been
demonstrated. Multispectral data were collected at
two sites on the U.S. Lake Ontario shoreline. Comput-
er generated color maps were produced to show spa-
tial distribution of Cladophora in the nearshore zone
and to estimate standing crop. Spectral features of
Cladophora were related to measured standing crop.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Algae, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Lake Ontario, Abundance,
Distributlon(Property), Feasibility, Optical detection, In-
frared scanners, Optical scanners, Radiance, Aerial
reconnaissance, Data processing, Maps, Great Lakes,
'Cladophora, Eutrophlcatlon, Standing crops.
PB81-173858 PC A11/MF A01
Proceeding* Stormwater Management Model
(SWMM) User* Group Meeting, 19-20 June 1980.
Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Harry C. Torno. Dec 80,245p* EPA-600/9-80-064
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-177876.
This report includes eleven papers on topics related to
the development and application of computer-based
mathematical models for water quality and quantity
management presented at the semi-annual meeting of
the Joint U.S. Canadian Stormwater Management
Model Users Group held 19-20 June 1980 in Toronto,
Ontario, Canada. Topics covered include descriptions
of three urban runoff models; a discussion of use of
the Soil Conservation Service TR-55 model; applica-
tions of several models in planning, analysis and
design; and a discussion of kinematic design storms.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Mathemati-
cal models, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Meetings,
Overflows, Reservoirs, Water storage, Drainage,
Urban areas, Design, Rainfall, PipesfTubes), Comput-
er programming, 'Storm water runoff, 'SWMM model,
Urban hydrology.
PB81-173866 PC E99
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Proceeding* of the Annual Research Symposium
(7th) Held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March
16-18,1981.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Mar81,997p-in3v
Contract EPA-68-03-2962
Set Includes PB81-173874, PB81-173882 and PB81-
173890.
No abstract available.
PB81-173874 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Ol*po*al: Municipal Solid Watte, Proceed-
ing* of the Annual Reeearch Symposium (7th)
Held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 16-
18,1981. Final rept. 20 Sep 80-Mar 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and David Black. Mar 81,258p' EPA-
600/9-81-002A
Contract EPA-68-03-2962
See also PB81-173882 and report dated Aug 79,
PB80-114291.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
173866.
The Seventh Annual SHWRD Research Symposium
on land disposal of municipal solid waste and industrial
solid waste and resource recovery of municipal solid
waste was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on
March 16,17, and 18,1981. These proceedings are a
compilation of papers presented by the symposium
speakers. The technical areas covered are gas and
leachate production, treatment and control technol-
ogies and economics.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse disposal,
'Meetings, Earth fills, Leaching, Gases, Linings, Con-
tainment, Water pollution, Methane, Cost analysis,
'Land disposal, 'Municipal wastes, Sanitary landfills,
Pollution control.
PB81-173882 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Disposal: Hazardoua Waste, Proceeding* of
the Annual Research Symposium (7th) Hera at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 16-18, 1981.
Final rept. 20 Sep 80-Mar 81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and David Black. Mar 81,421 p' EPA-
600/9-81-002B
Contract EPA-68-03-2962
See also PB81-173874 and PB81-173890.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
173866.
These proceedings are a compilation of papers pre-
sented by the symposium speakers. The technical
areas covered are hazardous waste characterization,
transport and fate of pollutants, hazardous waste con-
tainment, land treatment of hazardous wastes, hazard-
ous waste treatment, uncontrolled sites/remedial
action, and economics.
•
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Refuse disposal, 'Meetings, Earth fills, Leaching,
Water pollution, Linings, Containment, Cost analysis,
'Land disposal, 'Municipal wastes, Sanitary landfills,
Pollution control.
PB81-173890 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Municipal Solid Waste: Resource Recovery, Pro-
ceedings of the Annual Research Symposium
(7th) Held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March
16-18,1981. Final rept. 20 Sep 80-Mar 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and David Black. Mar 81,300p* EPA-
600/9-81-002C
Contract EPA-68-03-2962
See also PB81 -173882 and report dated Aug 79,
PB80-114283.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
173866.
These proceedings are a compilation of papers pre-
sented by the symposium speakers. The technical
areas covered include equipment and processing, re-
•covery and use of materials, environmental aspects
and economics/impediments and special studies.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Reclamation,
'Refuse disposal, 'Meetings, Recyling, Environmental
impacts, Economic analysis, Equipment, Shredders,
Constraints, Materials recovery, 'Municipal wastes.
PB81-174112 PCA12/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
A Survey of Operating Inspection/Maintenance
Programs. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. F. Klausmeier, and D. K. Kirk. 17 Apr 80,257p EPA-
460/3-80-018A
Contract EPA-68-02-2538
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has esti-
mated that 28 states and the District of Columbia will
need to implement vehicle Inspection/Maintenance (I/
M) programs In order to comply with the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977. In addition, several areas al-
ready have I/M programs. Each I/M program is
unique. Its design is strongly influenced by the local
economic and political factors and less so by the tech-
nical factors. However, in planning for an I/M program,
there are basic issues that need to be addressed The
ministrators and technical personnel with information
which will aid them in the implementation of an inspec-
tion/maintenance program. The report is divided into
two sections: The first is a narrative discussion of the
results of the survey. Section two contains tables that
summarize the different aspects of an inspection/
maintenance program.
December 1983 1045
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, Sur-
veys, Air pollution control equipment, Tables(Data),
Quality control, California, Arizona, Ohio, Nevada, New
Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island.
PB81-174393 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions Measurement
•nd Control (4th) Held at New Orleans, LA., on
May 28-30,1960. Proceedings rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT.
Christine Wlbberley. Dec 80,455p* EPA-600/9-80-
041
Contract EPA-68-02-3115
See also report dated Aug 79, PB80-130891.
The objective of the Symposium was to provide a
forum for the exchange of information among con-
cerned representatives of industrial, research and gov-
ernmental organizations relative to recent develop-
ments in industrial and energy-related fugitive emis-
sions measurement and control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meetings, Dust, Particles,
Air pollution control equipment, Emission, Water pollu-
tion, Industrial plants, Fugitive emissions.
PB81-174419 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Thermal Challenge on Conditioned
Feeding Forays of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
B. N. Munson, J. H. McCormick, and H. L Collins.
1980,6p EPA-600/J-78-179
Pub. in Jnl. Transactions of the American Fisheries So-
ciety 109, p116-121 1980.
Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) conditioned to
traverse a 2.4-m-long channel to receive a food reward
where subjected to in-transit thermal challenges. Con-
ditioning was to a criterion that required 80% of the
fish to leave the 'home' area and reach the 'reward'
area within 2 minutes of release. Challenges were at
successive 3C increments above acclimation or the
previous challenge temperature. Fish were first ob-
served to delay their entrance into the intervening
heated water at challenge temperatures of 12-15C
above acclimation. Above their critical thermal maxi-
mum (CTM) the reward was achieved even at the ex-
pense of deaths among the achievers. Responses
were the same whether fish were challenged individ-
ually or as groups.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Animal behavior, Temperature,
Animal migrations, Acclimatization, Heat stress, Mor-
tality, Exposure, Reprints, Salmo gairdneri.
PB81-174427 PC A02/MF A01
An Enzyme-Immobilization Procedure for the
Analysis of Enzyme-Inhibiting Chemicals In Water.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. M. Christensen, and B. L. Rledel. 10 Jun 80,6p
EPA-600/J-80-243
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry 8, p277-2821980.
The enzymes cholinesterase and urease were mixed
Individually with gelatin and immobilized onto the
inside surface of glass capillary tubes. After the gela-
tin-enzyme mixture had dried, water samples contain-
ing various enzyme Inhibiting test chemicals were
pumped through the tubes to enable Interaction to pro-
ceed between the foreign agents and the enzymes.
Substrate for each enzyme was later passed through
the tubes and any difference in relative enzyme activity
determined. This procedure may be useful for health
and environmental studies, particularly in the rapid
testing for micro- and nanomolar quantities of enzyme-
inhlbrang pollutants in natural waters and complex ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Urease, 'Cholinesterase, 'Water analysis,
Enzymes, Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, 'Immobilized enzymes, 'Enzyme technology.
PB81-174435 PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, R. W. Carlson, A. E. Lemke, D. I. Mount,
and Q. H. Pickering. 1980,66p' EPA-600/J-81-084
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
52(6), p1703-1768 1980. See also report dated Jun 78,
PB-284761.
A review of the 1980 world literature was conducted on
the effects of pollution on freshwater fish. This review
contained 401 references and included papers on
water quality such as dissolved gases and pH; chemi-
cal pollutants such as insecticides, herbicides, pisci-
cides and anesthetics; inorganics, organics and indus-
trial and municipal effluents including chlorine and
wastewater and pulp and paper. Papers from reviews
and symposia and those dealing with physical factors
were also included. Within the above sections, papers
were organized Into general articles, surveys, toxicol-
ogy, bioaccumulation, physiology and behavior.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Reviews, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Residues, Pesticides, Animal physiology, Water
juality, pH, Effluents, Surveys, Behavior, Reprints,
"'ater pollution effects(Anlmals), State of the art,
Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances.
qua
•Wi
PB81-174809 PC A12/MF A01
Florida Power Corporation Crystal River Units 4
and 5. Environmental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jan 81,275JJ EPA-904/9-81-056
See also PB80-228034.
Florida Power Corporation Proposes to construct and
operate two 695 MW (Gross) capacity coal-fired elec-
tric generating plants at the existing Crystal River com-
plex in northwest Citrus County Florida. This Environ-
mental impact statement examines project alterna-
tives, impacts and mitigative measures related to
groundwater, air, surface water, ecological, and socio-
economic and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Construction, Waste disposal,
Runoff, Water pollution, Cooling towers, Inorganic
salts, Air quality, Land use, Vegetation, Crystal River,
Florida.
PB81-174716 PC A06/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Dis-
ease: Annual Report to Congress (3rd).
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
7 Aug 80,104p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -5773
See also report dated Apr 80, PB80-211741.
This report to Congress presents the accomplish-
ments and activities of the Task Force on Environmen-
tal Cancer and Heart and Lung Disese in its third year.
Research recommendations are made in four scientific
areas, including multimedia pollutant exposure and
health effects, transport and fate of pollutants in the
biosphere and food chain, biological and chemical
measurement methodology and data analysis, and
pollutants in ground and surface water sources. An-
other major recommendation is the establishment of
the Interagency Education Program Liaison Group
(IEPLG), within the Tast Force, to coordinate and stim-
ulate Federal activities in environmental and occupa-
tional health professional education. The IEPLG also
includes curriculum, faculty, student, continuing edu-
cation and research subrecommendations. A mecha-
nism to generate an interagency inventory of research
programs to identify areas of overlap or oversight is
described. Information exchange and liaison activities
with related groups are presented; these include infor-
mation interchange on data bases, risk assessment,
and disease costs and publication of a monthly calen-
dar of events and two editions of a directory of inter-
agency Federal groups concerned with environmental
health. Task Force subcommittee activities are sum-
marized for health professional environmental health
education, environmental exposure and metabolic
mechanisms, and standardization of measurements
and testa.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Heart diseases,
'Malignant neoplasms, 'Occupational diseases, Toxi-
cology, Preventive medicine, Research, Recommen-
dations, Food chains, Air pollution, Blood diseases,
Epidemiology, Etiology, Metabolic diseases, Public
health, Toxic diseases, Environmental health, Federal
government, Health education.
PB81-174724 PC A09/MF A01
United States - Canada Memorandum of Intent on
Transboundary Air Pollution. Emissions, Costs
and Engineering Assessment, Interim Report,
Work Group 3B. Rept. for Aug 80-Feb 81.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of International Activities.
Feb81,177p
This is one of a set of four reports which represent an
initial effort to draw together currently available infor-
mation on transboundary air pollution, with particular
emphasis on acid deposition, and to develop a con-
sensus on the nature of the problem and the measures
available to deal with It.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollution con-
trol, Smelters, Thermal power plants, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis, International relations,
Canada, United States, Research management,
Project planning, Coordination, Cooperation, 'Acid
rain.
PB81-174930 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Processing Equipment for Resource Recovery
Systems. Volume I. State of the Art,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
David Bendersky, Daniel R. Keyes, Marvin Luttrell,
Mary Simister, and Denis Viseck. Jul 80,208p* EPA-
600/2-80-007A
Contract EPA-68-03-2387
See also Volume 2, PB81-141590.
The purpose of this project was to study processing
equipment and systems to convert municipal solid
waste (MSW) into a fuel or a fuel feedstock. The first
phase was to review the present state of the art and
Identify the research needs required to advance the
technology of waste-to-energy systems. Test plans
were then formulated and field tests conducted to
meet some of the research needs. The study Is intend-
ed to provide information useful in the design, selec-
tion and operation of fuel and feedstock preparation
equipment for existing and future waste-to-energy sys-
tems. Volume I presents the results of the first phase
of the project and covers two principal subjects: (1) the
present state of the art, and (2) the additional research
needs concerning processing equipment for waste-to-
energy systems.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Fuels, Equipment,
Refuse disposal, Materials recovery, Shredders, Mag-
netic separators, Air classifiers, Design, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Reviews, 'Refuse de-
rived fuels, Solid wastes, Municipal wastes, State of
the art.
PB81-175366 MF A01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Update. A Report to the President's Commission
on the Accident at Three Mil* Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,333p EPA-600/4-
81-013A
See also Volume 1, PB81-175374 and report dated
FebSO, PB81-100885.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected In the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28. 1979 accident
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report was
printed In September 1979 and the update was re-
leased in December 1979. Also included In this update
Is a listing of whole-body counting data obtained by the
NRC to assess the quantity of Internally deposited ra-
dionuclides in TMI workers and volunteer residents
within a three-mile-radius of TMI. No reactor-related
radionuclides were identified in any of the whole-body
counting data.
1046 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Tables(Data), Pennsylvania, 'Three
Mile lsland-2 reactor, Radiation monitoring, Health
hazards, Whole-body counting.
PB81-175374 MF A01
Three Mil* Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume I. A Report to the President's Commission
on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,762p EPA-600/4-
81-013B
See also Volume 2, PB81 -175382.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report was
printed In September 1979 and the update was re-
leased In December 1979. Volume 1 consists of the
following 5 tables: Table 1-Measurements made by
principal participants; Table 2-Cross-check program
Instituted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) for iodine-131 In milk. Table 3-Comparison of
EPA and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
air data collected at the Three Mile Island (TMI) Obser-
vation Center; Table 4-Summary of EPA Environmen-
tal Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas (EMSL-
IV) and EPA Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility-
Montgomery (EERF-Montgomery) sampling and ana-
tytlcar procedures; Table 5-Computer printout of envi-
ronmental data collected by EPA.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal Impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Pennsylvania, Iodine 131,
Tables(Data), 'Three Mile lsland-2 reactor, Radiation
monitoring, Health hazards, Computer printouts.
PB81-175382 MF A01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume II. A Report to the President's Commis-
sion on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,578p EPA-600/4-
81-013C
See also Volume 3, PB81 -175390.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report was
printed in September 1979 and the update was re-
leased In December 1979. Table 6-Summary of De-
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)
sampling and analytical procedures; Table 7-Comput-
er printout of environmental data collected by HEW;
Table 8-Summary of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion (NRC) sampling and analytical procedures.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal Impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Pennsylvania, Tables(Data), 'Three
Mile lsland-2 reactor, Radiation monitoring, Health
hazards, Computer printouts.
JB81-176390 MF E03
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume III. A Report to the President's Commis-
sion on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,1347p EPA-600/
4-81-013D
See also Volume 4, PB81 -175408. Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. This volume consists of
Table 9 Computer printout of environmental data col-
lected NRC.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal Impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, TablesfData), Pennsylvania, 'Three
Mile lsland-2 reactor, Radiation monitoring, Health
hazards, Computer printouts.
PB81-175408 MF A01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume IV. A Report to the President's Commis-
sion on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,385p EPA-600/4-
81-013E
See ateo Volume 5, PB81 -17541 e.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report was
printed In September 1979 and the update was re-
leased in December 1979. This volume consists of the
following: Table 10 Summary of U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) sampling and analytical procedures;
Table 11 Computer printout of environmental data col-
lected by DOE; Table 12 Summary of Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania sampling and analytical procedures;
Table 13 Computer printout of environmental data col-
lected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Table
14 Summary of State of New Jersey sampling and ana-
lytical procedures; Table 15 Computer printout of data
collected by the State of New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal Impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Tables(Data), Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, 'Three Mile leland-2 reactor, Radiation moni-
toring, Health hazards, Computer printouts.
PB81-175416 MF A01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume V. A Report to the President's Commis-
sion on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,771 p EPA-600/4-
81-013F
See also Volume 8, PB81-175424.Porfions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC. DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. This volume consists of
the following 2 volumes: Table 16 Summary of Metro-
politan Edison Company (Mat-Ed) sampling and ana-
lytical procedures; Table 17 Computer printout of data
collected by Met-Ed.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Tablesfpata), Pennsylvania, 'Three
Mile lsland-2 reactor. Radiation monitoring, Health
hazards, Computer printouts.
PB81-175424 MF A01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Volume VI. A Report to the Preeldent's Commis-
sion on the Accident at Three Mile Island,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Erich W. Bretthauer, R. Frank Grossman, Daryl J.
Thome, and Allan E. Smith. Mar 81,158p EPA-600/4-
81-013G
See also Volume 5, PB81-175416.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
This report contains a listing of environmental radiation
monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile
Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident.
These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE,
HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the
Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report was
printed in September 1979 and the update was re-
leased in December 1979. This volume contains the
appendix.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Environmen-
tal Impacts, 'Radioactivity, Nuclear power plants, Ra-
diation hazards, Pennsylvania, 'Three Mile lsland-2 re-
actor, Radiation monitoring, Health hazards.
PB81-175465 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment-Site D (Data Supplement). Rept. for Jul-Sep
78,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. O. Burlingame, R. A. Parker, W. M. Jackson, and J.
D. Demont. Dec 79,234p EPA-600/7-79-237B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored In part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Washington, DC. See also PB80-
144991 .Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The data supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical in the final
technical report It provides the necessary details to
other researchers who are interested In performing
their own analysis. Readers are referred to the final
technical report for Information on objectives, descrip-
tion of facility tested and coals fired, test equipment
and procedures, interpretations, and conclusions. The
final technical report contains data summaries not
found in this supplement. The supplement contains
panel board data for each test, detailed paniculate,
O2, CO2, CO, NO, S02, and SOS data, particle size
distribution data, modified smoke spot data, chemical
analysis of the coal, and coal size consistency data.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, Field tests,
Combustion products, Sieve analysis, Particle size dis-
tribution, Fly ash, Air pollution, Air pollution sampling,
Coal combustion.
PB81-175796 PC A03/MF A01
Method Development for the Assessment of Pos-
sible Human Exposure to Pesticides and Industri-
al Chemicals,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thomas R. Edgerton, R. F. Moseman, and L H,
Wright. Mar 81,47p EPA-600/1 -81 -024
The determination of chlorinated phenols In urine can
be used as a means for assessing exposure to pesti-
cides and industrial chemicals in the human popula-
tion. A method was developed for the analysis of chlor-
inated phenols which involves the derivatizatlon of me-
tabolites from the urine of rats fed hexachlorobenzene
(HCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). This method was
then applied to urine samples taken from the general
human population to gain a background level. Pen-
tachlorophenol was detected In greater than 90% of
the human samples analyzed. The only other metabo-
lites detected were tetrachloropyrocatechol and te-
trachlorohydroqulnone along with large amounts
(greater than 3 ppm) of PCP. Pentachlorothlophenol, a
major metabolite of HCB fed to rats, was not detected
in human urine. The analysis of human urine for underi-
vatlzed chlorinated phenols using a direct gas chroma-
tographic method not requiring derivatizatlon detected
quantifiable levels of 2,5-d!chloro-2,5-d!chloro-2,4,5-
trlchloro-,2,3,4,6-tetrachloro- and pentachloro-pheno-
December 1983 1047
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lis greater than 90% of the samples examined. Ap-
proximately 50% of the samples, contained detectable
levels of 2,6 and 3,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trlchlor-
ophenol.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Phenols, Humans, Exposure, Development,
Gas chromatography, Rats, Laboratory animals, *Uri-
nalysis, Analytical methods, Metabolites, 'Benzene/
hexachloro, 'Phenol/pentachloro.
PB81-175804 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Integrated Control of Combined Sewer Regula-
tors Using Weather Radar. Final rept. Aug 79-Oct
80,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York. Urban
Water Resources Research Council.
M. B. McPherson. Mar 81,88p EPA-600/2-81-041
Grant EPA-R-806702
Integrated operation was simulated of ten dynamic
combined sewer regulators on a Montreal interceptor.
Detailed review of digital recording weather radar ca-
pabilities indicated that it is potentially the best rainfall
estimation means for accomplishing the runoff predic-
tion that would be required. Auxiliary uses for such
radars In metropolitan areas were considered, particu-
larly potentials for thler exploitation as part of urban
flood warning systems, using metropolitan Denver as a
case study.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Flow reg-
ulators, 'Water pollution control, Automatic control,
Rainfall, Meterological radar, Recording Instruments,
Floods, Warning systems, Runoff.
PB81-175911 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Sampling Techniques for Atmos-
pheric Emissions from Sintering In the Iron and
Steel Industry. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 81,54p EPA-600/4-81 -023
Contract EPA-68-02-2725
Tests were conducted at two sintering plants of the
Iron and Steel Industry to evaluate a test method
under consideration by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. In field tests, four modified Method 5
sampling trains, operating simultaneously at a single
point in the stack, yielded four samples per sampling
run. Each sample was analyzed for front-half filterable
particulates and back-half organic solvent extractables
(OSE). In addition, the effects of filter and probe tem-
peratures on filter collection efficiency, and the effects
of sample handling, storage conditions, and recovery
procedures on sampling results were studied. Temper-
ature fluctuations from 65 - 120C (150 - 250F) did not
significantly affect the paniculate concentrations, nor
did additional dessication greater than the convention-
al time period. Chromatographic experiments indicated
that pH 7 was preferable for OSE extraction.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iron and steel industry,
Sampling, Sintering, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Particles,
Filtration, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution sampling,
EPA method 5.
PB81-175929 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Batch Pretreatment Process Technology for
Abatement of Emissions and Conservation of
Energy In Glass Melting Furnaces. Phase I. Proc-
ess Design Manual,
Corning Glass Works, NY.
R. E. Miller, K. R. Jones, N. J. Camacho, G. B.
Boettner, and J. H. Bruns. Mar 81,317p EPA-600/7-
81-038
Contract EPA-68-02-2640
The Environmental Protection Agency contracted with
Coming Glass Works for the development of glass
batch pretreatment process which would abate emis-
sions and reduce energy usage in the melting furnace.
The contract consists of two phases of work. Phase I,
now completed and reported in this document, was a
laboratory phase to supply the information needed to
design a pilot plant system, and based on this design,
to estimate the energy, pollution, and economic ad-
vantages of the program. Phase II will consist of con-
structing and operating a batch preheating pilot plant
test facility to confirm the bench scale test results and
to provide the necessary design and operating infor-
mation for a full scale production facility. The Phase II
results will also be used to update the energy, pollu-
tion, and economic advantages of the process.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Energy conserva-
tion, 'Glass, 'Furnaces, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Design criteria, Economic anal-
ysis, Technology, 'Corning Glass Works.
PB81-175937 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Aspects of Synfuel Utilization.
Final rept. Mar 80-Feb 81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, and R. S. Iyer. Mar 81,404p* EPA-600/
7-81-025
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives results of a review of the environmen-
tal concerns relating to the distribution, handling, and
end use of synfuel products likely to enter the market
place by the year 2000, and assigns priority rankings to
products from the stand-point of environmental con-
cerns. The report: reviews available data on the physi-
cal, chemical, and health effects characteristics of syn-
fuel products and the environmental significance of
such characteristics; analyzes the potential environ-
mental impacts and regional implications associated
with the production ana end use; and ranks the prod-
ucts from the standpoint of environmental concerns
and mitigation requirements. Review results indicate
that: (a) wide-scale transportation, distribution, and
end use of certain synfuel products can present signifi-
cant threats to the environment and the public health;
(b) based on gross characteristics, synfuel products
appear to be similar to petroleum products, but de-
tailed characterization data are not available to judge
their relative safety; and (c) synfuel test and evaluation
programs currently underway or planned provide ex-
cellent opportunities for the collection of some of the
required environmental data.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Byproducts, Coal
gasification, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Public health, Utilization, Oil shale, 'Synthetic fuels,
Coal liquefaction.
PB81-175945 PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Evaluation of the Health Risks Associated with
the Treatment and Disposal of Municipal
Wastewater and Sludge. Final rept. 22 Feb 78-21
May 80,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
C. S. Clark, H. S. Bjornson, J. W. Holland, V. J. Ella,
and V. A. Maieti. Mar 81,252p* EPA-600/1-80-030
Grant EPA-R-805445
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., FL. Inst. of
Environmental Sciences.
In this study, started in 1977, clinical and serologlc
evaluations of workers involved in composting of
wastewater treatment plant sludge by the aerated pile
method was initiated to evaluate the potential health
effects of exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus and other
viable and nonviable components of sludge. A health
study consisting of analysis of blood specimens for
liver and kidney function parameters, determination of
serum and urine bile acid concentrations, physical ex-
aminations, interviews, and air and water monitoring
was conducted of residents exposed to carbon tetra-
chloride and other toxic chemicals in drinking water as
a result of contamination of domestic wells by a nearby
hazardous waste dump. A study was undertaken to de-
termine if evidence of exposure to hexachlorocyclo-
pentadiene (HEX), hexachlorobicycloheptadiene
(HEX-BCH). heptachlorobicycloheptane, and chlor-
dene could be detected by urine analysis of workers
exposed to chlorinated insecticide substances dis-
charged to the sewer by a pesticide formulator. In
order to assess the potential for health risks associat-
ed with the spray irrigation of wastewater, a clinical
and. virus serologic evaluation of workers and
wastewater and air monitoring for viruses, pathogenic
bacteria, and volatile organic chemicals was conduct-
ed. A field ecosystem study was carried out to evaluate
the effects of land application of heat dried municipal
wastewater treatment plant sludge (Milorganlte) on
vegetation, insects and meadow voles. The potential
health effects associated with sludge Incineration and
pyrolysis are also presented.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Refuse disposal,
'Hazardous materials, Fungi, Composts, Exposure,
Evaluation, Humans, Serology, Pesticides, Viruses,
Bacteria, Aerosols, Epidemiology, Environmental
health, Municipal wastes, 'Health risks, 'Sewage
sludge, 'Occupational safety and health, Asperglllus
fumigatus, Monitoring, Air sampling.
PB81-175952 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
National Exposure to Highway Noise through the
Year 2000. Final rept.,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, VA.
Kenneth J. Plotkin. Jul 79,113p WR-77-13
Contract EPA-68-01-3514
Calculations have been made of the exposure of
people to highway noise in urban areas of the United
States from 1974 through 2000. Roadside noise level
contours and the numbers of people exposed were
calculated in ten sample cities, using a previously de-
veloped noise model, traffic parameters obtained from
local authorities, and U.S. Census tract data. National
totals and future exposure were projected using
census bureau data and projections. Future noise ex-
posure was calculated for several scenarios. Including
do nothing, existing EPA regulations, and several pro-
posed regulations. Parametric analyses were made of
operational regulations versus new vehicle standards,
automobile versus truck noise, and high speed versus
low speed noise. Conclusions were made as to the ef-
ficacy of various approaches and the relative impor-
tance of driveline versus tire noise and automobiles
versus trucks.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Environments, Motor ve-
hicles, Noise reduction, Models, Predictions, Trucks,
Automobiles.
PB81-176000 PC A21/MF A01
Research, Demonstration, Training, and Fellow-
ship Awards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
Sep 79,485p EPA-GAD/1-79-02
See also PB80-185630.
Section I lists research, demonstration, training, and
fellowship awards by State, program, and grantee
name. Each record provides applicant name, munici-
pality, program element, title, project director, grant
identification number, type of grant award, data and
dollar amount of award. Section II contains brief
project descriptions for research and demonstration
projects administered by Headquarters and is ar-
ranged in ascending order by the grant Identification
number. An Index is provided for cross-referencing the
Information between Sections I and II.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Grants, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Research projects, Education, Abstracts,
Pesticides, Thermal pollution, Project planning, Univer-
sities, Indexes(Documentation), Bibliographies.
PB81-176018 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Acid Rain Research Inventory FY 79-80. Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
David A. Bennett. Sep 80,63p EPA-600/9-80-038
Contract EPA-68-02-5051
The Inventory contains a description of Environmental
Protection Agency funded acid rain research projects
inFY79andFY80.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Rainfall, 'Pollution, Re-
search projects, Inventories, Environmental impacts,
Lakes, Fishes, Aquatic animals, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Coal, Farm crops, 'Acid precipitation.
PB81-176087 PC A24/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
1048 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceedings of a Workshop on Catalytic Combus-
tion (4th) Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on May 14-15,
1980. Rept. for Sep 78-May 80,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
John P. Kesselring. Aug 80,561p EPA-600/9-80-035,,
IERL-RTP-1077
Contract EPA-68-02-3122
See also PB-293 336.
The proceedings document the major presentations at
the Fourth Workshop on Catalytic Combustion, held in
Cincinnati, OH, May 14-15, 1980. Sponsored by the
Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industrial En-
vironmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle
Park), the workshop served as a forum for the presen-
tation of results of recent research in the areas of cata-
lyst performance, components and applications of
catalytic combustion systems, and the use of alterna-
tive fuels in catalytic combustors. The workshop pro-
vided Industrial, university, and government represent-
atives with the current state of the art in the application
of catalyst systems for pollution control and perform-
ance improvement. Applications include fire tube and
water tube boilers, and gas turbines for utility, industri-
al, automotive, and aircraft systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
Meetings, 'Catalysts, Combustion products, Exhaust
emissions, Fuels, Performance evaluation, Design cri-
teria, Boilers, Catalytic converters, High temperature
tests, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), 'Station-
ary sources, Cincinnati(Ohio), State of the art.
PB81-176398 MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Evaluation of Solvent Lou from Vapor Degreaser
System*. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. W. Gerstle, V. S. Katari, and E. S. Schindler. Mar 81,
7l5pEPA-600/2-81-042
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
Available Microfiche only because of poor quality.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is evaluat-
ing pollution reduction capabilities of vapor degreasers
and new developments in vapor degreasing systems
and operations. The principal objectives of this project
are to develop and implement a program for assessing
solvent loss from degreasing systems of various de-
signs, and to report the test conditions, procedures, re-
sults, and conclusions in a form usable by air pollution
agencies and industry. Tests were performed from Oc-
tober 1978 to July 1979 to evaluate the effects of dif-
'erent variables on the rate of solvent loss from de-
Qreasers. The variables tested include the following
oegreaser modifications and operating conditions:
freeboard ratio, load cross-sectional area, refrigerated
freeboard chiller, hoist speed, lip exhaust, crosscurrent
air velocity, degreaser size, solvent type and lid. The
post of each modification was analyzed based on cap-
"al costs, annual expenses, and solvent saved be-
cause of the modification. The evaluations of solvent
toss or savings were based only on the degreaser op-
erating period; idle time (the solvent boiling and cool-
'ng period) was disregarded.
Keywords: 'Vapor degreasing, 'Air pollution, Organic
folvents, Measurement, Cost effectiveness, Design,
Degreasers.
PB81-176414 PC A10/MF A01
Chemical Activities Status Report Second Edl-
Jjon. Volume I.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
g«c 80,223p EPA-560/13-80-040A
Supersedes PB-301 366. See also 2nd edition,
Volume 2, PB81-176422.
The Chemical Activity Status Report (EPACASR) is de-
fined to provide a guide to Agency activities relating
J° chemical substances. It Is easily accessed by chem-
fcal via Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry
Number. The activities listed In this second edition,
tPACASR-2, are not limited to chemical regulatory ac-
yittes. Developed with the assistance of a number of
"Qency programs, the report includes such entries as
jecnnical assistance Information, preregulatory as-
sessments, chemical and biological testing and moni-
JJJnng programs, and labeling requirements-both com-
peted and ongoing. This publication is the fifth mono-
Waph in the Toxics Integration Information Series and
supersedes EPACASR-First Edition. EPACASR-2 is
current to July 1980 and, unlike EPACASR-First Edi-
tion, includes the chemical-oriented activities of the
Office of Research and Development.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Water pollution, Air pollution, Radioactive con-
taminants, Potable water, Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Solid wastes, Listings.
PB81-176422 PC A99/MF A01
Chemical Activities Status Report, Second Edi-
tion. Volume II.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 80,620p EPA-560/13-80-0408
See also 2nd edition, Volume 1, PB81 -176414.
In brief, this report is organized into three sections. (1)
Alphabetized Chemical Name Reference Listing (an
index of names used for chemicals Included in the
text). (2) Chemical Name Synonym List (showing all
synonyms for chemicals in the text, and arranged by
CAS Registry Number). (3) EPA Chemical Activities
Report (arranged sequentially by CAS Registry
Number). Sections 1 and 3 are in Volume I, Section 2 Is
In Volume II.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Water pollution, Air pollution, Radioactive con-
taminants, Potable water, Pesticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Solid wastes, Listings.
PB81-176489 PC A04/MF A01
Results of Research Related to Stratospheric
Ozone Protection - Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 80,58p EPA-600/9-80-043
This is the second EPA report to Congress on federal
research required biennially under Section 153(g) of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (Public Law
95-95). It emphasizes the findings of EPA-supported
research and related studies and presents the latest
assessment and understanding of stratospheric ozone
depletion by chlorofluorocarbons as reported by the
National Academy of Science in 1979. This EPA report
does not describe all the relevant research results ob-
tained by other federal agencies since Section 154 of
the Clean Air Act requires them to submit separate re-
ports, but their results are incorporated to the extent
possible. Research supported by EPA has focused on
analyzing the effects of increased UV-B exposures on
humans and nonhuman biological systems. The poten-
tial for significant adverse environmental effects has
been suggested by research accomplished to date. It
has been established that additional research, both
short- and long-term, Is needed to identify and quantify
the direct and indirect effects of ozone depletion in all
areas-human health, other biological/ecological sys-
tems, climate monitoring, economics, and social
issues.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Stratosphere, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fluorine organic compounds,
Law enforcement, Public health, Plants(Botany), Ani-
mals, Climatology, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB81-178539 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
An Evaluation Study for the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model. Final rept.,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, and A. J. Anderson. Jan 81,260p EPA-
450/4-81-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3323
This report summarizes the results of an evaluation
study for the new Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dis-
persion Model (see PB80-133036). The ISC Model,
which is designed to assess the air quality impact of
emissions from large Industrial source complexes,
contains several features which are not contained in
any of the dispersion models recommended in the cur-
rent Guideline on Air Quality Models (EPA, 1978). The
most important of these new features are the gravita-
tional settling/dry deposition option and the building
wake effects option. (The ISC Model's distance-de-
pendent plume rise option Is considered in this report
to be an Integral part of the building wake effects
option.) Because many of the basic components of the
ISC Model have been previously tested by EPA and
others, the focus of the ISC Model evaluation study
was on testing the key features which distinguish the
model from the other generally available dispersion
models. It is important to note that the available data
sets were not sufficient in number or detail to validate
the new features of the ISC Model in a strict statistical
sense. However, it was possible to compare the per-
formance of the ISC Model with that of current models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Atmospheric diffusion, Math-
ematical models, Evaluation, Settling, Deposition, Par-
ticles, Plumes, Buildings, *ISC model, 'Atmospheric
dispersion, Dry deposition.
PB81-176646 PC A17/MF A01
Seminar on Water Quality Management Trade-
offs (Point Source vs Diffuse Source Pollution),
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Ralph G. Christensen, and Clifford Rlsley, Jr. Sep 80,
400p EPA-905/9-80-009
This report is a collection of technical papers present-
ed at the 'Seminar on Water Quality Management
Trade-Offs' Point Source vs Diffuse Source Pollution
held in Chicago, Illinois September 16-17, 1980. The
seminar pointed out the need for nonpoint source con-
trol implementation to meet 1983 water quality goals.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Meetings, Water quality
management, Sewage treatment, Waste water, Sedi-
ments, Phosphorus, Land use, Runoff, Standards,
'Point sources, * Nonpoint sources, Land application,
Trade offs.
PB81-176661 PC AOS/MF A01
Chambers Creek Interceptor, Pierce County,
Washington. Draft Environmental Impact State-
ment Supplement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Mar 61,86p EPA-910/9-81-062
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
During 1975 Pierce County, Washington and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency prepared separate
environmental impact statements for the Chambers
Creek sewerage system. Since that time, the project
as proposed in those documents proceeded in various
stages of development. The design and construction
of the main sewer interceptor into the treatment facility
was to coincide with the design and construction
schedule for the treatment plant. However, preliminary
soil investigations revealed that the proposed inter-
ceptor route was unsuitable due to unstable soils con-
ditions. Because of those findings, a tunneling alterna-
tive was suggested. This supplemental environmental
impact statement examines the Impacts associated
with the new tunnel alternative.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewers, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Construction, Water
tunnels, Ground water, Water quality, Noise pollution.
Land use, Tunnellng(Excavation), Solid waste dispos-
al, Roads, Traffic, Washington(State), Pierce
County (Washington).
PB81-176695 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Post-PLUARQ Evaluation of Great Lakes Water
Quality Management Studies and Programs.
Volume I. Progress rept. Oct 79-Mar 80,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Rose Ann C. Sullivan, Paul A. Sanders, and William C.
Sonzogni. Mar 80.166p EPA-90S/9-80-006A
See also Volume 2, PB81-176703.
This report represents the results of recent efforts by
the Great Lakes Basin Commission staff to update and
Integrate the findings and recommendations of the
International Joint Commission's Pollution from Land
Use Activities.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Great Lakes,
Sediments, Phosphorus, Watersheds, Agriculture,
Runoff, Lake Erie, Water pollution control, Research
projects, Cultivation, Erosion control, Forest trees,
Harvesting, Cost effectiveness, Nonpoint sources, Or-
ganic loading.
December 1983 1049
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-176703 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Post-PLUARG Evaluation of Great Lakes Water
Quality Management Studies and Programs.
Volume II. Progress rept. Apr-Sep 80,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Rose Ann C. Sullivan, Timothy J. Monteith, and William
C. Sonzogni. Sep 80,150p EPA-905/9-80-006B
See also Volume 1, PB81-176695.
This report presents the results of recent efforts by the
Great Lakes Basin Commission staff to update and in-
tegrate the findings and recommendations of the Inter-
national Joint Commission's Pollution for Land Use Ac-
tivities Reference Group (PLUARG) with other related
studies.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, *Great Lakes,
Land use, Soil erosion, Cultivation, Phosphorus, Waste
disposal, Fertilizers, Runoff, 'Nonpoint sources, Or-
ganic loading.
PB81-176778 PC A99/MF A01
Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington,
DC.
Proceedings of the National Workshop on Substi-
tutes for Asbestos Held at Arlington, VA., on July
14-16, I960,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Artene Levin. NovSO, 675p* EPA-560/3-80-001
Sponsored in part by Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, Washington, DC., and Interagency Regulatory
Liaison Group, Washington, DC.
The purpose of the National Workshop on Substitutes
for Asbestos was to obtain more information on the
technical and economic feasibility and possible health
problems of substitutes for asbestos, for use in consid-
ering regulation of asbestos. Some of the topics dis-
cussed include: Non-asbestos friction materials; Dis-
cussion on friction products; Gaskets and packings;
Asbestos in plastics; Discussion on plastics and floor-
ing; Single-ply roofing as a substitute for asbestos
roofing felt; Mill applied coatings for underground pipe-
lines; Discussion on pipeline wrap; Discussion on tex-
tiles; Asbestos substitutes in roof coatings, sealants,
and cements; Substitutes for asbestos-cement sheet;
Inhalation, deposition, and clearance of particles;
Man-made vitreous fibers and health; Discussion on
the translocation and fate of sized man-made mineral
fibers; Exposures to mineral wool; Toxicology, aspects
ceramic fibers and Aramid fibers; Discussion on wol-
lastonite; Health considerations in the perlite industry;
Cross-sectional epidemiologic and industrial hygiene
survey of talc workers; and Occupational exposures in
the manufacture and application of polyurethane and
urea formaldehyde insulation systems.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Meetings, 'Synthetic fibers,
'Glass fibers, 'Carbon fibers, 'Ceramic fibers,
'Fibers, 'Industrial hygiene, Substitutes, Polyimide
resins, Epidemiology, Polyethlene fibers, Polyacryloni-
tride, Polyamide resins, Silica minerals, Talc, Polyure-
thane resins, Economic analysis, Exposure, Toxicol-
ogy, Corncobs, Perlite, 'Occupational safety and
health, Environmental health.
PB81-176976 PC A04/MF A01
Synthetic Fuels Projects Status Report. Colorado,
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Scott R. Grace, and Terry L Thoem. Nov 80,52p EPA-
908/4-80-001
Energy resources are abundant in the six Federal
Region 8 States of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. This publication
provides a compilation of available data on energy re-
sources and projected levels of development.
Keywords: 'Research projects, Oil shale, Coal gasifi-
cation, Bituminous sands, Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, 'Synthetic
fuels, Listings, Coal liquefaction, Oil sands, Energy re-
PB81-177024 PC AOS/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
crlptlon of the Regulatory Process for the Chl-
o, Illinois Case Study. Final Task I Report.
Descrl
cago,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
Jan 79,91 j>
Contract EQ8AC106
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report begins with an overview of the history and
organization of the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency and the Chicago Department of Environmental
Control, describes in detail their regulatory programs,
including funding, and summarizes several case stud-
ies which illustrate phases of the regulatory process.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Li-
censes, Monitoring, Budgeting, Illinois,
'Chicago(lllinois), 'Stationary sources.
PBB1-177032 PC A09/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Description of the Regulatory Process for the Chi-
cago, Illinois Case Study. Final Task II Report.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
Aug79,179p
Contract EQ8 AC 106
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The Task II objective was to measure the control
agency effectiveness in fostering compliance by the
stationary sources. The study identifies emission prob-
lems based on the case histories. Emphasis is on the
identification of the time of detection of violations and
on the extent to which the identified violations were
corrected and further reoccurrence prevented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, In-
dustrial plants, Air pollution control, Economic impact,
Cost analysis, Monitoring, Performance,
'Chicago(lllinois), 'Stationary sources.
PB81-177040 PC A07/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Effectiveness of the Regulatory Process and
Source Performance, Chicago, Illinois Case Study.
Final Task III Report.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
Sep 79,140p
Contract EQ8AC106
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The Task III objective was to evaluate the relationship
between stationary source performance over time and
the regulatory process. Emphasis is on the effective-
ness of the state/city regulatory activities without
regard to which agency is implementing them. The
report includes suggestions for the incremental modifi-
cation of the regulatory system and for further analysis
involving major modifications of the regulatory proc-
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Poli-
cies, Air pollution control, Cost analysis, Monitoring,
Performance, 'Chicago(lllinois), 'Stationary sources.
PB81-177057 PC A09/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Performance Case Studies, San
Diego, California (1971-1978). Final rept on task 2,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
R. Cunningham, B. Bryan, G. Freeman, T. McCabe,
and J. Moore. Jun 79,194p
Contract EQ8AC106
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report presents the findings on performance of 29
stationary sources in the San Diego Air Pollution Con-
trol District.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, In-
dustrial plants, Air pollution control, Economic impact,
Cost analysis, Monitoring, Performance, 'Stationary
sources, 'San Diego County(California). San Diego
County air pollution control district.
PB81-177065 PC A08/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Description of the Regulatory Process for the San
Diego, Caljfornla Case Study. Final rept. on task 1 ,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
R. Cunningham, R. Bryan, T. McCabe, and W. J.
Moore. Jul79, 1 53p
Contract EQ8AC1 06
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report discusses the development of regulations,
the growth and organization of the San Diego County
Air Pollution Control District, the allocation of funds by
category of expenditure, source of funds, the regulato-
ry process, the general nature of sources regulated,
and the application of sanctions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Li-
censes, Monitoring, Budgeting, California, 'San Diego
County(California), 'Stationary sources, San Diego
County air pollution control district.
PB81-177073 PC A06/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Preliminary Evaluation of the City of Houston
(Texas) Department of Health's Programs to Reg-
ulate Air Pollution from Stationary Sources. Final
rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jun 79, 11 9p
Contract EQ8AC01 5
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation. Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
This report on Task I describes and evaluates the air
pollution control program administered by the Houston
Department of Health. It is based on interviews with
staff of the DoH, the Texas Air Control Board, the At-
torney General's Office, and the Houston Legal De-
partment as well as written documents and records.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Per-
sonnel, Salaries, Salary surveys, State government,
Local government, Policies, Project management,
*Houston(Texas), 'Stationary sources.
PB81-177081 PC A08/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Case Studies of Stationary Source Compliance
with Houston, Texas Air Pollution Control Re-
quirements. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jul79,171p
Contract EQ8AC015
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
This report presents the results of 20 plant inspections
conducted in Texas. One of the principal purposes of
the plant inspections was to evaluate the effectiveness
of the Houston City Agency regulatory policies with re-
spect to the attainment and continued maintenance of
regulatory emission limits.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Air
pollution control, Industrial plants, Performance,
*Houston(Texas), 'Stationary sources, Standards
compliance.
PB81-177099 PC A03/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Final Evaluation of the City of Houston (Texas)
Department of Health's Programs to Regulate Air
Pollution from Stationary Sources. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jul 79,35p
Contract EQ8AC015
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
In order to evaluate Houston's effectiveness in pro-
moting both Initial and continuing compliance, this
report Integrates the findings from the Task I review
and the Task II examination of emissions performance
1050 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at 20 stationary sources. Based on the findings, it rec-
ommends changes to the programs which will
strengthen their effectiveness, particularly in the pro-
motion of continuing compliance.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, Regulations, Air
pollution control, Industrial plants, Project manage-
ment, Performance, Recommendations,
Hou»ton(Texaa), 'Stationary sources, Standards
compliance.
1*881-177354 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Source Category Survey: Starch Manufacturing
Industry. Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Durham, NC.
Nov 80,64p EPA-450/3-80-040
Contract EPA-68-02-3061
This report documents a study assessing the need for
new source performance standards (NSPS) for the
starch manufacturing industry. This industry is basical-
ly contained in SIC 2046, Wet Corn Milling, and in-
cludes the manufacture of corn starch, corn oil, corn
syrups, wheat starch, wheat gluten (protein), potato
starch, and by-product animal feeds. Starches can
also be refined to produce ethanol alcohol for gasohol.
Information and assessments concerning the prod-
ucts, processes, product uses, plants, historical statis-
tics, and growth potential of the industry are present-
ed. Air pollution emissions are identified and quantified
at feasible with the limited data. Animal feed and
March dryers are the major sources of particulate
emissions. Present methods of air pollution control
and their effectiveness are examined. State regula-
tions applying to the industry are summarized. Based
on the estimated industry growth in new sources and
the emission reduction attainable using the best avail-
able control, an estimate of the total emission reduc-
tion achievable through a NSPS is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Starches, "Stand-
ards, Manufacturing, Sources, Surveys, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Fuels, Ethanol, Parti-
cles. Feeding stuffi, Proteins, Corn plants, Potatoes,
New source performance standards, "Air pollution
abatement, Gasohol.
PB81-177370 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Magnetic Lung Measurement* In Relation to Oc-
cupational Exposure In A*be*to* Miners and Mil-
ler* of Quebec. Final rept.,
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
David Cohen, and Thomas Crowther. Jan 81,50p
EPA-580/6-81-005
Contract EPA-68-01 -3859
prepared In cooperation with Massachusetts Inst. of
Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Fe3O4 particles (magnetic) are often attached to as-
bestos fibers (non-magnetic) in the primary asbestos
industries; therefore, a measurement of Fe3O4 could
help determine the amount of asbestos in the lungs of
workers in these Industries. As a first assessment of
this method of determining retained dust, magnetic
measurements were made of the amount of Fe304 in
the lungs of 115 miners and millers of chrysotlle asbes-
tos. The performance of these measurements at an in-
dustrial site was found to be feasible and practical. A
relatively large amount of Fe3O4 was seen In the lungs
of those with welding experience, which masked the
Fe3O4 contributed by asbestos, therefore this group
was considered separately. For the remainder (non-
Welders), the amount of Fe3O4 was plotted against a
total dust exposure index which was available for each
Individual. The correlation between these quantities
was not high, but was statistically significant at the
0.01 level. For the non-smokers within that group, the
correlation was higher and the amount of Fe304 was
relatively greater. These results suggest that the mag-
netic measurement of a chrysotile miner and miller re-
flects, at least to some extent, the amount of asbestos
In his lung; the scatter could be due to individual differ-
ences in deposition and clearance, to which this meas-
urement should be sensitive. These results are also
consistent with the possibility that less dust is deposit-
ed or retained In smokers than in non-smokers.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Iron oxides, "Asbes-
tos, Air pollution, Exposure, Lung, Measurement, Dust,
Canada, 'Foreign technology, 'Occupational safety
and health, Miners, Millers, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Cigarette smoking,
Quebec(Canada).
PB81-177388 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project -
Determination of Organic Specie* Profile* for
Gasoline Liquid* and vapor*.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Dec 80,37p EPA-450/4-80-036A
Contract EPA-68-02-2524
The Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) is undertaking a large program to validate
and demonstrate photochemical oxidant diffusion
models. This report presents the results of a study to
determine organic species profiles for gasoline liquids
and vapors for 20 samples of gasollne(s) collected
from the five metropolitan areas. The purposes of this
study were (1) to determine organic species profiles
for gasoline vapors for use in photochemical modeling
applications, (2) to compare organic species profiles
for gasoline vapors to organic species profiles of gaso-
line liquids, and (3) to determine the effect of tempera-
ture on gasoline vapor speciation. For each of the 20
samples, both the liquid organic species profile and
the vapor organic species profile at an equilibrium tem-
perature of 80F (2/C) were determined by gas chro-
matography (GC) analysis. The Exxon regular leaded
and Exxon regular unleaded Philadelphia samples
were also analyzed for vapor organic species at an
equilibrium temperature of 60F (16C), 100F (38C), and
120F(49C).
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Vapors, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition).
PB81-177412 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Material* Balance for Benzene: Level II. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Robert L Hall, Ronald Burger, and Frank Montecalvo.
May 80,242p EPA-560/13-80-009
Contract EPA-68-01-5793
A Level II materials balance was performed on ben-
zene. Data are reported for benzene production from
petroleum by four processes (catalytic reformation, tol-
uene dealkylation, toluene dlsproportionation, and Iso-
lation from pyrolysis gasoline) for production from coal
during coking. Amounts of benzene consumed ,or the
synthesis of eight direct derivatives (ethylbenzene,
cumene, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene, maleic anhy-
dride, mono- and dichlorobenzene, alkylbenzenes,
and biphenyl) and exports are presented. These uses
constitute approximately 99 percent of total benzene
usage. Nonconsumptive uses (solvents and pesticide
component) are also tabulated. Releases due to each
of the above processes are reported or estimated
where possible using published and unpublished data.
In addition, releases due to indirect production (refin-
ery operation, coke oven operations, oil spills, non-fer-
rous metals manufacturing, ore mining, wood process-
ing, coal mining, and two phases of the textile industry)
are presented. Production of benzene as a component
of gasoline and releases due to all phases of gasoline
use are estimated. Locations of sites with high levels
of benzene releases due to production and use are
tabulated: the major 'hotspots' are Baton Rouge, Lou-
isiana; Houston/ualveston, Texas; Midland, Michigan;
and Puerto Rico. The uncertainty ranges of all num-
bers used or derived in this report are evaluated when
possible and tabulated. Data gaps are evaluated and
general recommendations are presented. The results
of the report are summarized In two figures: the Envi-
ronmental Flow Diagram for benzene In Appendix A,
and the Materials Balance Flow Diagram In the Execu-
tive Summary.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Material balance, Petroleum,
Coking, Gas wells, Manufacturing, Refineries,
Sources, Sites, Toluene, Design criteria,
Synthesis(Chemlstry), Gasoline, Pyrolysis, Catalysis,
Dealkylation, Dlsproportionation, Consumption, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Solid wastes, Air pollution, Fugitive
emissions.
PB81-177453 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Monitoring Qroundwater Quality: The Impact of
ln-*ltu Oil Shale Retorting,
General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, CA. TEMPO.
Guenton C. Slawson, Jr. Jun 80,320p GE78TMP-103,
EPA-600/7-80-132
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report presents the initial phase of a research pro-
gram which will develop a planning methodology for
the design and implementation of cost-effective
(MIS) oil shale retorting. This initial phase In-
cludes (1) a review of MIS development with regard to
potential Impacts and a review of current MIS monitor-
Ing programs, and (2) identification of key issues, un-
certainties, and unknowns with regard to design and
implementation of monitoring programs.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Mine wastes, "Oil shale,
"Water pollution, Monitoring, Leaching, Aquifers, Hy-
drogeology, Concentration(Cpmposltion), Calcium car-
bonates, Conductivity, Fluorides, Chlorides, Sulfates,
Carbon, Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Re-
torting, Dissolved solids.
PB81-177461 PC A06/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Preliminary Evaluation of North Carolina's Pro-
gram to Regulate Air Pollution from Stationary
Source*. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jun 79,116p
Contract EQ8AC015
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Envlronmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
CEQ and EPA sponsored five studies examining the
response of sources to the regulatory approach to
controlling air pollution, with emphasis on the post-
compliance emissions history. This final report on Task
I describes and evaluates North Carolina's regulatory
requirements, procedures, and programs.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "North Carolina,
Regulations, Licenses, Monitoring, Budgeting, Project
management, 'Stationary sources, Standards compli-
ance.
PB81-177479 PC A12/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Case Studies of Stationary Source Compliance
with North Carolina Air Pollution Control Require-
ment*. Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jul79,263p
Contract EQ8AC015
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
This report on Task II presents the results of 20 plant
inspections conducted in North Carolina. One of the
principal purposes of the plant inspections was to
evaluate the effectiveness of EPA regulatory policies
with respect to the operation and maintenance of the
control equlpi
ulatory modifications are considered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'North Carolina,
Regulations, Policies, Air pollution control, Cost analy-
ses, Monitoring, Performance, 'Stationary sources,
Standards compliance.
PB81-177487 PC A03/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Final Evaluation of North Carolina'* Program to
Regulate Air Pollution from Stationary Source*.
Final rept.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1 Jul 79,49p
Contract EQ8AC015
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored in part by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
In order to evaluate North Carolina's effectiveness in
promoting both Initial and continuing compliance, this
report Integrates the findings from the Task I review
December 1983 1051
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and the Task II examination of emissions performance
at 20 stationary sources. Based on the findings, it rec-
ommends changes to the programs which will
strengthen their effectiveness, particularly in the pro-
motion of continuing compliance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, *North Carolina,
Regulations, Licenses, Monitoring, Performance, Air
pollution control, 'Stationary sources, Standards com-
pliance, Financial Incentives.
PB81-177594 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Quality Effects Related to Blending Waters
In Distribution Systems. Final rept. Oct 76-Oct 78,
Southern California Metropolitan Water District, Los
Angeles.
Warren K. Schimpff, and Harold E. Pearson. Aug 80,
98pEPA-600/2-80-132
Grant EPA-R-804709
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of
blending two or more waters of different quality and to
relate their composition to the corrosive effects and
calcium carbonate deposition tendency of the water
on distribution systems. The EPA mobile water quality
monitoring laboratory was deployed at 30 selected
sites in Southern California where Imported waters
from the Colorado River and California aqueducts are
used as delivered or blended with local groundwaters.
Eighteen computer-controlled parametric systems on
board the laboratory analyzed and recorded field data
to assess water quality factors associated with corro-
sion and stability. The waters studied could be classi-
fied as having moderate to high hardness, alkalinity
and total dissolved solids content. Cost comparisons
for corrosion control by use of caustic soda to adjust
pH and zinc phosphate as a corrosion Inhibitor were
made.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Water quality, Cor-
rosion prevention, Tests, Chemical analysis, Calcium
carbonates, Alkalinity, pH, Ground water, Cost analy-
sis, Zinc, Copper, Steels, Iron, Corrosion inhibitors,
Sodium hydroxide, Zinc phosphates, California.
PB61-177802 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Survey of Pathogen Survival during Municipal
Solid Watte and Manure Treatment Processes.
Final rept,
Ebon Research Systems, Washington, DC.
Sylvia A. Ware. Aug 80,121 p* EPA-600/8-80-034
Contract EPA-68-03-2460-5
Municipal solid waste (MSW) and animal manures may
contain microorganisms that can cause disease in
man and animals. These pathogenic microorganisms
Include enteric bacteria, fungi, viruses, and human and
animal parasites. This report summarizes and dis-
cusses various research findings documenting the
extent of pathogen survival during MSW treatment.
The technologies discussed are composting, Inciner-
ation, landfill, and anaerobic digestion. There Is also a
limited examination of the use of the oxidation ditch as
a means of animal manure stabilization. High gradient
magnetic separation (HGMS), and gamma radiation
sterilization are mentioned as future options, especial-
ly for animal waste management. Several standard
methods for the sampling, concentration, and Isolation
of microorganisms from raw and treated solid waste
are also summarized.
Keywords: 'Fertilizers, 'Wastes, 'Mircoorganlsms,
•Refuse disposal, Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites,
Survival, Sampling, Humans, Animals, Diseases, Com-
posts, Earth fills, Public health, Isolation,
ConcentrationfCompoaition), 'Pathogens, Manure,
•Solid waste disposal, Incineration, Municipal wastes.
PB81-177644 PC A09/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment Facilities for the City of
Post Fate, Idaho. Draft environmental Impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
Mar 81,191p EPA/910/9-81-080
Prepared In cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.Color Illustrations repro-
duced In black and white.
1052 Vol. 83, No. 26
The city of Post Falls, Idaho has applied to the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) for funds to de-
velop a facilities plan for the construction of a central
wastewater collection, treatment and disposal system
to serve city residents. The wastewater treatment
system is needed to terminate the use of individual on-
site wastewater disposal systems which are suspected
of contaminating the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer. This aq-
uifer serves as a drinking water supply for 338,000
people in the Spokane River basin. Construction of a
wastewater treatment system for Post Falls will comply
with aquifer protection policies. EPA has prepared this
draft environmental Impact statement to evaluate the
consequences of the proposed wastewater treatment
facility.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
Impact statements-draft, Construction, Land use, Agri-
culture, Noise pollution, Dust, Fisheries, Water quality,
Recreation, Sewage disposal, Public health, Archaeol-
ogy, Idaho, Sewage treatment plants, Post
Falls(ldaho).
PB81-177701 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Flue Qas Desulfurlzation Pilot Study. Phase II. Ap-
plicability Study. Final rept,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
R. L. Torstrick, S. V. Tomllnson, J. R. Byrd, J. D. Veitch,
and Richard W. Gerstle. May 80,350p EDT-114, EPA-
800/7-80/142
See also Number 95, PB-295 003. Prepared in coop-
eration with PEDCO-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati,
OH.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on
the Challenges of Modern Society (NATO-CCMS) Flue
Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Study Group prepared
status reports on 12 FGD processes. Results of this
work are summarized In NATO Report No. 95 titled
'Flue Gas Desulfurlzation Pilot Study Phase I - Survey
of Major Installations - Summary of Survey Reports on
Flue Gas Desulfurization Processes.' The Phase I re-
ports were reviewed by the NATO-CCMS delegates In
April 1978 and nine of the processes were selected for
comparative economic evaluations as Phase II of the
study. The purpose of the Phase II study is to provide
procedures and technical and economic data for the
selection of FGD processes for specific applications.
ic evaluations developed by the U.S. Tennessee
Valley Authority (TVA) and a decision-chart selection
procedure developed by PEDCo Environmental, Inc.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control, Flue
gases, Selection, Performance evaluation, Scruffers,
Gas scruffing, Magnesium oxides, Limestone, Cost
analysis, Sodium sulfltes, Technology, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Flue gas desurfuriza-
tion, Limestone scruffing, Wellman process, Waste
gas recovery.
PB81-177784 PC A08/MF A01
NEDS National Emissions Data System Informa-
tion. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Charles O. Mann. Jul 80,104p EPA-450/4-80-013
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The National Emissions Data System (NEDS) Is an
automated data processing system used by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency for storage of data
on sources of air pollution. NEDS Is a part of the com-
prehensive Aerometric and Emissions Reporting
System (AEROS). The Booklet describes the NEDS
System for an individual who is unfamiliar with NEDS.
The Information booklet Includes, an overview of the
data contained In NEDS, an explanation of available
air emissions publications, a description of procedures
for requesting data, and a description and example of
the most Important computerized reports.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Information systems, Data,
Data retrieval, 'National Emissions Data System, Air
quality data.
PB81-177958 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of the Automotive
Cylinder Deactlvator System (ACDS). Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Oct 80,40p EPA-AA-TEB-81-7
The deactivation of one or more engine cylinders is a
method that has been proposed as offering potential
for vehicle fuel economy improvements. At Tow power
output the throttle is nearly closed. This introduces a
'throttling loss', which is the energy the engine must
expend to draw the fuel-air mixture through the carbu-
retor throttle opening. By operating an engine on a re-
duced number of cylinders and operating these at high
power levels, the throttling losses are appreciably re-
duced. The operating cylinders are therefore run at a
high brake-mean-effective pressure (BMEP) and
therefore potentially more efficiently. EPA received a
request from Automotive Cylinder Deactivator System
(ACDS) to perform a 511 evaluation of their cylinder
deactivator. Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act (15 USC 2011) requires EPA
to evaluate fuel economy. Retrofit devices with regard
to both emissions and fuel economy, and to publish
the results In the Federal Register. Such an evaluation
is based upon valid test data submitted by the manu-
facturer and, if required, EPA testing.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Fuel consumption,
*Alr pollution, Engine cylinders, Exhaust emissions,
Performance evaluation.
PB81-177966 PC A04/MF A01
Derivation of 1981 and Later Light Duty Vehicle
Emission Factors for Low Altitude, Non-Callfomla
Areas. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Nov 80,68p EPA-AA-IMS-80-8
The purpose of this document is to describe the meth-
odology used in revising the emission factor equations
for the post-1980 light duty vehicle fleet. The available
data will be presented and discussed and the pertinent
assumptions and analyses will be outlined. Low alti-
tude, non-California, gasoline-fueled light duty vehicles
will be the only category of vehicles covered In this
report.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Alr
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Automo-
bile engines, Fuel systems, Exhaust systems, 'Light
duty vehicles.
PB81-177974 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of General Enforcement.
An Investigation of Corrosion In Partlculate Con-
trol Equipment. Final rept.
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Thomas E. Mappes, and Robin D. Terns. Feb 81,189p
EPA-340/1-81-002
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
This document presents the results of an investigation
of corrosion problems In paniculate control equipment
During the Investigation, corrosion problems In 38
fabric filters, wet scrubbers and electrostatic preclplta-
tors were observed and 7 control equipment manufac-
turers were interviewed. The document also contains
guidelines to assist control equipment users and en-
forcement personnel In reducing paniculate emission*
resulting from corrosion-related malfunctions. Key pa-
rameters discussed include scrubber liquor composi-
tion, materials selection, the sulfuric acid dewpolnt,
and thermal insulation. Controlled paniculate emis-
sions sources discussed Include rotary dryers and
kilns, cupolas, incinerators, and steam boilers.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, 'Air pollution control
ment, 'Scrubbers, 'Electrostatic preclpltators,
cles, Erosion, Corrosion prevention, 'Fabric filters.
PB81-177982 PC A08/MF A01
US. Environmental Protection Agency Intrc*
Agency Task Force Report on Air Quality Indica-
tors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
W. F. Hunt, Jr., G. Akland, W. Cox, T. Curran, and N.
Frank. Feb81,114pEPA-450-4/81-015
The Intra-Agency Task Force on Air Quality Indicators
was established to recommend standardized air qual-
ity Indicators and statistical methodologies for present-
Ing air quality status and trends In national publica-
tions. This report summarizes the recommendations of
the Task Force grouped Into four categories: data
base, data analysis, data interpretation and data pres-
entation. The report Includes the position papers pre-
pared by the Task Force members dealing with preci-
sion and accuracy data, detecting and removing out-
liers, area of coverage and representativeness, data
completeness and historical continuity, statistical indi-
cators and trend techniques, inference and conclu-
sion, data presentation, and continuity of year-to-year
reports.
Keywords: Air pollution, Standards, Statistical analysis,
Accuracy, Reports, *Air quality.
PB81-178014
PC A05/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant EmlMlon Factor*,
Third Edition, Supplement 11.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 80,85p AP-42-ED-3-SUPPL-11
See also Supplement no. 10, PB60-199045.
jri this Supplement for Compilation of Air Pollutant
emission Factors, AP-42, revised and updated emis-
sions data are presented for Nitric Acid; Pharmaceuti-
cals Production; Maleic Anhydride; Normal and Triple
Superphates and Ammonium Phosphates; Coke Man-
ufacturing; Primary Copper Smelting; Iron and Steel
Production; Secondary Lead Processing; and Petrole-
um Refining.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial plants, Nitric acid,
"rugs, Maleic anhydride, Iron and steel industry,
arnelters, Copper, Lead, Metal industry, Food Industry,
Wiemlcal industry, Petroleum refining, Coke ovens,
petroleum industry, Solid waste disposal, Manufactur-
"HJ, 'Stationary sources, Ammonium phosphates, Su-
perphosphates, Wood products industry, Mineral prod-
ucts industry.
JJB81-178105 PC A03/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide Study, Spokane, Washington,
November 21-Dec«mber 19, 1980. Executive sum-
mary, •
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Jon W. Schwelss. Feb 81,32p EPA-910/9-81-083
*£> ambient air sampling program was designed and
implemented to obtain Information relative to the mag-
nitude and spatial distribution of carbon monoxide
revels in Spokane's central business district. Integrat-
J2 bag samples were collected from a 16 site study
rvjfork during 20 weekdays spanning November and
iu?°ember °' 1980. Samples from each site were ana-
T™d by the non-dispersive infrared method to yield a
•«% 8-hour average concentration for comparison
"jro values reported by the four permanent monitors
•"wo in the study area. The permanent monitoring net-
™°rk adequately represented the maximum carbon
^"jpxlde concentration reported from the study net-
lork, compared without respect to day of occurrence.
r> balance, the study results indicate that the carbon
jonoxlde problem is areawide In the study portion of
"owntown Spokane, and Is primarily the result of highly
raized contributory factors. Further, the study estab-
tho ,he P0'8"11*1 efficacy of using data generated by
tM ex'8"ng permanent monitoring network to charac-
«nze carbon monoxide levels at other locations in the
°«ntral business district.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Air pollution,
T*T*nington(State), Concentration(Composition),
JS*|?(Data). 'Air quality data,
fcpokaneO/Vashlngton).
B8*1;178188 PC A15/MF A01
n^a'opment Document for Proposed Effluent
oration* Guidelines, New Source Performance
{"•ndarcu, and Pretreatment Standards for the
El",.Formulatlng Point Source Category,
KJWonmenlal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"fluent Guidelines Div.
James R. Berlow, Douglas M. Costle, Robert B.
Schaffer, and John E. Rlley. Dec 79,345p EPA-440/1-
79/090B
Contract EPA-68-02-4865
This document presents the findings of a study of the
Ink Manufacturing Industry for the purpose of develop-
ing effluent limitations and standards, and pretreat-
ment standards for existing and new sources to Imple-
ment Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 and 501 of the
Clean Water Act. The study covers approximately 460
ink manufacturing facilities in SIC Group 2893. Effluent
limitations guidelines are set forth for the degree of ef-
fluent pollutant reduction attainable through applica-
tion of best available technology economically achiev-
able which must be attained. The standards of per-
formance for new sources (NSPS) set forth the degree
of effluent pollutant reduction that is achievable
through the application of the best available demon-
strated control technology. Pretreatment standards for
exisiting and new sources (PSES and PSNS) set forth
the degree of effluent pollutant reduction that must be
achieved in order to prevent the discharge of pollut-
ants that pass through, Interfere with, or are otherwise
Incompatible with the operaton POTW. The proposed
regulations for BAT, NSPS, PSES and PSNS are
based on application of contract hauling to completly
eliminate the discharge of pollutants from ink plants.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Industrial
waste treatment, Standards, Inventories, Cost analy-
sis, 'Ink Industry, SIC 2893, Best technology, Water
pollution standards, 'New source performance stand-
ards.
PB81-178196 PC A13/MF A01
Wattewater Management for Boise, Eagle, and
Ada County, Idaho. 2 Volume*. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 81,289p EPA-910/9-81-084
See also PB81-178246. Prepared in cooperation with
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
In Ada County, Idaho, the city of Boise and the Eagle
Water and Sewer District have initiated wastewater
treatment facility planning programs under the Clean
Water Grant Program. Grant funds have also been re-
quested by the Ada Planning Association to evaluate
wastewater management alternatives in the rural por-
tions of Ada County. The Environmental Protection
Agency decided that a single environmental Impact
statement should be prepared to evaluate these pro-
posed wastewater management projects in th Boise
area. This environmental Impact statement, together
with the technical appendix, evaluate the significance
of the project-specific impacts from an areawide per-
spective.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
Impact statements-draft, Construction, Land use,
Sewers, Agriculture, Ground water, Water pollution, Air
quality, Fisheries, Wildlife, Noise pollution. Erosion,
Drainage, Population growth, Idaho, Ada
County(ldaho), Sewage treatment plants.
PB81-178248 PC A08/MF A01
Wattewater Management for Bol*e, Eagle, and
Ada County, Idaho. Appendix A Through H. Draft
environmental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 81,166pEPA/910/9-81-084-APP
See also PB81-178196. Prepared In cooperation with
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Contents: Emission Inventory and forecasting proce-
dures; Fiscal overview on Ada County; Population pro-
lections for Ada County EIS analysis; Drainage; Partial
species list, Ada County; Hourly carbon monoxide
emissions by community planning area: 1977, 1980,
1987 and 2000; Summary of existing carbon monoxide
monitoring data; Procedures used to evaluate future
air pollution potential In Ada County.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environment Impact
statements-draft, Air pollution, Exaust gases, Invento-
ries, Populations, Drainage, Plants(Botany), Carbon
monoxide, Idaho, Ada County(ldaho).
PB81-178261 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Development of Bloa**ay Procedure* for Defin-
ing Pollution of Harbor Sediment*. Part I,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
Donald A. Bahnlck, William A. Swenson, Thomas P.
Markee, Daniel J. Call, and Craig A. Anderson. Mar 81,
199pEPA-600/3-81-025
Grant EPA-R-804918-01
This research Investigates bioassay methods which
may be useful in assessing the degree of pollution of
harbor sediments. Procedures studied Include 96 hr.
toxlcity tests employing Hexagenia llmbata, Daphnla
magna and Pontoporefa afflnis as biological probes,
monitoring cough frequencies of bluegill sunfish (Lepo-
mls macrochirus) In interstitial water derived from sedi-
ments, chemical analyses of sediment-water systems,
and chemical analysis of chironomids and Hexagenia
limbata exposed to the sediments, Additional experi-
ments involved Investigation of the degree of removal
of chemical constituents from sediments due to ex-
traction with Lake Superior water and the use of re-
verse phase liquid chromatography in detecting the
presence of chemical compounds with high bioaccu-
mulation potential in the sediments.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Indicator species, 'Toxicology,
Development, Procedures, Sediments, Harbors, Water
pollution, Assessment, Survival, Chemical analysis,
Enzymes, 'Biolndlcators, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
pollution erfects(Animals), Haxagenia limbata, Daph-
nia magna, Pontoporeia affinis, Lepomis macrochirus,
Bloaccumulatlon, Chlronomldae.
PB8M78270 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Qreenhouce Production of Bedding and Foliage
Plant* with Industrial Heat. Final rept. Aug 76-Aug
79,
Fort Valley State Coll., GA.
Isaac J. Crumbly. Mar 81,48p EPA-600/7-81 -034,,
IERL-RTP-1047A
Grant EPA-R-S04499
The report gives results of an evaluation of potentially
beneficial uses of industrial waste heat for production
of bedding and foliage plants, using conventionally and
warm-water heated greenhouses in Fort Valley, GA.
Each greenhouse was a plastic covered, 30 x 72-ft
quonset. The research greenhouse was heated and
cooled with simulated warm condenser cooling water;
the control greenhouse was conventionally heated
and cooled during the 9-month test. During 1979, cultl-
vars of 10 leading ornamental plants, 8 species of foli-
age plants, and tomatoes used as bedding plants were
studied for growth rate, survivablllty, and susceptibility
to disease In the humid greenhouses. No statistically
significant difference in growth rate for 7 of 10 orna-
mental and 4 of 8 foliage plants was observed in the
two greenhouses.
Keywords: 'Cooling water, 'Heat recovery, 'Green-
houses, 'Ornamental plants, Industrial wastes, Plant
growth, Survival, Heating, Cooling, Plant diseases,
Evaluation, Water pollution control, Georgia, 'Waste
heat utilization, Foliage plants.
PB81-178287 PC A03/MF AQ1
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
FacllKIa* Evaluation of High Efficiency Boiler De-
struction PCB Waata. Research brief Jan-Apr 60,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
J. E. Cotter, and R. J. Johnson. Mar 81,45p EPA-600/
7-81-031,, IERL-RTP-1102A
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives results of an evaluation of destruction
in two different high-efficiency boilers (as an alterna-
tive to landfill disposal) of waste (a rendering plant by-
product, yellow grease) found to be contaminated by
PCBs from a transformer leak. (The PCB content-
under 500 ppnv-determines the disposal method
under 40 CFR Part 761.) At the first boiler: (1) logistics
and fuel handling requirements were found to be feasi-
ble to set up In a short time; (2) boiler size and resi-
dence time were determined to be likely to allow high
destruction efficiency; (3) with 99.9% destruction of
PCBs, downwind concentration was estimated to be
less than CSHA limits for Industrial exposure; and (4)
fuel characteristics of the yellow grease were used to
support the recommendation for 100% grease fired as
December 1983 1053
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fuel. At the second boiler: (1) the size and facilities
were determined to satisfy all prerequisites for high ef-
ficiency boilers (40 CFR Part 761); (2) best operation
was by blending the waste with the normal fuel oil
supply; and (3) a 30% waste blend was found to be
completely miscible and feasible with respect to logis-
tical support. A verification test burn was recommend-
ed and outlined for either candidate site. Current EPA
protocol and policy developments for PCS destruction
were found to be appropriate for the preparation of a
candidate facility test plan and an example public
notice.
Keywords; 'Solid waste disposal, 'Greases, Fats,
Combustion, Boilers, Chlorine aromatic compounds,
Performance evaluation, 'Biphenyl/perchloro, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 'Incineration, Rendering plants.
PB81-178303 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Preliminary Feasibility Study for an Offshore
Hazardous waste Incineration Facility. Summary
rept. Apr-Jun 80,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
R. J. Johnson, F. E. Flynn, and P. J. Weller. Mar 81,
34p EPA-600/2-81-044A,, IERL-RTP-1101A
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report summarizes a feasibility study of using an
existing offshore oil platform, being offered to the Gov-
ernment, as a site for incineration of hazardous wastes
and related research. The platform, located in the Gulf
of Mexico about 100 km south of Mobile, AL, has po-
tential as an environmentally safe site for operational
and research oriented incineration. The study indi-
cates that an incinerator, capable of destroying a wide
range of waste types at up to 3 metric tons/hour, can
be installed on the platform along with the necessary
support facilities. An environmental assessment of
worst-case air and water quality impacts from waste in-
cineration revealed insignificant air quality effects at
the nearest land point and on the platform. Water qual-
ity effects will not be significant for most wastes. For
highly toxic and persistent substances, an activated
carbon scrubber water treatment system can be pro-
vided. Estimated capital costs, labor, offshore person-
nel subsistence, fuel, transportation, maintenance, de-
preciation, and land lease costs were estimated.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Offshore structures, Cost analysis,
Air pollution control, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Design, Toxic substances.
PB81-178386 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Cost Recovery Systems - Construction
Grants Program Information. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Nov 76,66p EPA/MCD-44
See also PB-257 651.
This document of supplemental information is intend-
ed to describe the essential requirements of the 'Fed-
eral Guidelines - Industrial Cost Recovery Systems'.
These guidelines are for the construction grant pro-
gram and will assist the grantees in the design, instal-
lation and implementation of their own systems.
Keywords: 'Financing, 'Sewage treatment, 'Munici-
palities, Construction, Grants, Cost engineering, Pay-
ment, Engineering costs, Industries, Sewage treat-
ment plants.
PB81-178451
PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume V. Hydrocarbons, Blocldes
and Sulfur.
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
B. S. Middleditch. Nov 80,106p NOAA-TM-NMFS-
SEFC-51.NOAA-81020201
See also Volume 1, PB81-157778. Prepared In coop-
eration with Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Chemistry.
This report describes studies of the hydrocarbons, bio-
cides, sulfur, and related substances discharged from
structures in the Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field, their
distribution and fates in the surrounding environment,
and the assessment of their ecological effects. More
than 120 substances have been identified in produced
water discharges from the production platforms, how-
ever the major pool of contaminants in the region of
the Buccaneer Field is in the surficial sediments. They
contain concentrations as high as 50 ppm of 'fresh' pe-
troleum alkanes, and concentration gradients are
clearly seen.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Ecology, 'Water
pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Biocides, Sulfur, Concentration(Composition), Algae,
Plankton, Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Sediments, Off-
shore drilling. Monitoring, Environmental impacts,
Food chains, Texas, 'Oil spills, Buccaneer gas and oil
field.
PB81-178469 PC A03/MF A01
1980 Ambient Assessment-Air Portion. Annual
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
William F. Hunt, Jr., and Edward J. Lillis. Feb 81,45p
EPA-450/4-81-014
This report presents national ambient air quality and
emission trends through 1979 for total suspended par-
ticulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen di-
oxide and ozone. Ozone is treated in greater depth fo-
cussing on monitoring states as well.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, State
implementation plans.
PB81-178535 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Coal-ash Leachate on Ground Water
Quality. Final rept. May 75-Nov 79,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
Jack D. Milligan, and Richard J. Ruane. Mar 80,128p
EPA-600/7-80-066
The report gives results of research to: (1) develop
methodology for the field-collection of coal-ash leach-
ate; (2) chemically characterize ash leachates from
power plants using different coal sources; (3) deter-
mine the characteristics of the hydrogeochemical envi-
ronment in which the leachate occurs; and (4) deter-
mine the attenuation of coal-ash leachate by various
soil types. Groundwater monitoring wells were in-
stalled around ash ponds at two TV A plants. Continu-
ous soil-core samples were collected and analyzed pe-
riodically. Ash leachate was percolated through differ-
ent clays and soils to study attenuation rates.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Ground water, 'Water pollution,
Ashes, Fly ash, Sampling, Leaching, Waste disposal,
Electric power plants, Concentration(Composition),
Barium, Iron, Calcium, Sulfates, pH, Soil water, Metals,
Water wells, Leachates, Coal ash.
PB81-178741 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Effects of Swimming In Lake Pontchartraln
at New Orleans. Final rept. 20 Jul 77-19 Jul 79,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. School of Public
Health and Tropical Medicine.
Virginia K. Ktsanes, Ann C. Anderson, and John E.
Diem. Mar 81,47p EPA-600/1 -81 -027
This two-year study measured health effects of swim-
ming in marine recreational waters in a sub-tropical cli-
mate by testing the association between reported
post-swim symptom rates and density of bacterial indi-
cator organisms. The study replicated previous investi-
gations conducted at beaches in temperate climates.
Variation in water quality at the same site provided
bacterial exposure levels for swimmers. Data were ob-
tained from approximately 5400 swimmers and 2300
nonswimmer controls over the two years. The rates for
gastrointestinal (Gl) symptoms and the highly credible
portion thereof were higher for swimmers than nons-
wimmers during both years of the study. This was also
true of upper respiratory symptoms In 1978. Both in
1977 and 1978, the swimming associated rates for
children than for adults. In both years a relationship be-
tween enterococci densities and gastrointestinal
symptom rates in swimmers over age 9 establishes the
importance of this indicator as a criterion of swimming
water quality. Non-consistent findings for children with
respect to E. coli do not rule out importance of this indi-
cator but suggest perhaps a criterion level that could
not be adequately tested in the second year.
Keywords: 'Lake Pontchartrain, 'Swimming, 'Water
quality, Louisiana, Recreation, Bacteria, Gastritis, En-
teritis, Epidemiology, Indicator species, Signs and
symptoms, Water pollution, Interviews, Statistical data,
Diseases, Public health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), New Orleans(Louisiana), Environ-
mental health, illnesses, "Bioindicators, Water sam-
pling.
PB81-178774 PC A15/MF A01
The Bloenvlronmental Impact of a Coal-Fired
Power Plant, Sixth Interim Report, Colstrlp, Mon-
tana, August, 1980. Interim rept. Dec 77-Dec 80,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Eric M. Preston, David W. O'Guinn, and Ruth A.
Wilson. Feb 81,346p EPA-600/3-81 -007
See also report dated Apr 79, PB80-125107.
The EPA has recognized the need for a rational ap-
proach to the incorporation of ecological impact infor-
mation into power facility siting decisions in the north-
ern great plains. In the summer of 1975, field stressing
experiments were begun to provide the data neces-
sary to develop dose-response models for SO2 stress
on a grassland ecosystem. These experiments involve
continuous stressing of one acre grassland plots with
measured doses of SO2 during the growing season
(usually April through October). Results of the 1979
field season's investigations are summarized In this
publication.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental impacts,
Sulfur dioxide, Electric power plants, Ecology, Monitor-
ing, Montana, Aerosols, Grasses, Plants(Botany),
'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Animals), Colstrip(Montana).
PB81-178782 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Mlcroanalysls of Individual Layered Particles by
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Dale E. Newbury. Jun 80,70p EPA-600/7-80-122
Secondary ion mass spectrometry is evaluated for ap-
plication to the determination of the composition and
structure of individual particles. Analyses of many ele-
mental constituents at the ppm level carl be'bbtalnea'
in individual particles as small as micrometers in diam-
eter. Molecular signals, both organic and inorganic,
can be detected from particles above 20 micrometers
in diameter. Quantitative analyses of elemental con-
stituents can be made with a relative accuracy of 25
percent by means of empirical relative sensitivity fac-
tors and within a factor of two by means of a physical
model. Multielement depth profiles can be obtained
from Individual particles as small as 4 micrometers in
diameter. Depth profiles of individual particles from
SRM 1648 Urban Air Paniculate reveal pronounced
surface concentrations of lead and barium, implemen-
tation of SIMS depth profiling requires automation to
make use of the full spectral information and to elimi-
nate matrix effects by normalization.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Microanalysis, 'Particles,
Molecular structure, Chemical composition, Sampling,
Comparison, Chemical analysis, Glass, 'Secondary
ion mass spectroscopy, 'Air pollution detection.
PB81-178824 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Liquid Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer Inter-
face with Continuous Sample Preconcentratlon.
Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
R. G. Christensen, H. S. Hertz, S. Meiselman, and E.
White. Feb 81,4p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Analytical/Chemistry 53, n2 p171-174 Feb 81.
A liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer system
which performs ennchment of the sample in the efflu-
ent of a conventional liquid chromatograph prior to its
being introduced Into a differentially pumped quadru-
pole mass spectrometer is described. The effluent
from the liquid chromatograph is concentrated by
1054 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
evaporation of most of the solvent. Solvent evapora-
tion is accomplished by allowing the effluent to flow
down an electrically heated wire with the current to the
wire controlled by a feedback loop from a volume-
fensina photocell. The concentrated effluent flows
"trough a very small needle valve which regulates the
'low into and thereby the pressure inside the mass
spectrometer. The valve is constructed such that liquid
is sprayed Into the ion source of the mass spectrome-
ter. The application of the system to polynuclear aro-
matlc hydrocarbon characterization and to quantitation
of phenolic compounds in alternate fuels is shown.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, Sampling, Evapora-
tion, Concentration(ComposKion), Aromatic polycyolic
Hydrocarbons, Phenols, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Reprints, * Liquid chromatography.
PB8M78832 PC A20/MF A01
Proceeding* of the Research Planning Workshop
on Health Effects of Oxldants Held at Raleigh,
North Carolina on January 28-30,1980.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Jan 81,4S3p* EPA-600/9-81-001
The report includes presentations at the Research
Planning Workshop on Health Effects of Oxidants. The
Participants include scientists, administrators, and reg-
ulatory personnel from the following agencies and In-
stitutions: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Inhalation
Toxicology Research Institute, EPA Science Advisory
Board, California Air Resources Board, University of
California - Los Angeles. University of Southern Cali-
Jomla, University of California - Davis, University of
California - Santa Barbara, and University of Roches-
ter. The focus of the entire volume is the EPA-funded
research that is planned or in progress under Theme 1
(Health Effects of Criteria and Non-Criteria Pollutants
Tom Fossil Fuel Combustion) of the Energy Interagen-
cy Health and Ecological Effects Program. The rel-
evance of component projects to EPA regulatory ac-
twiTOB is a frequent topic of informal discussion.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Oxidizers, "Toxicology, Air pol-
Hrtfon, Regulations, Planning, Research, Reviews,
"zone, Fly ash, Nitrogen oxides, Physiological effects,
Hypertension, Erythrocytes, Pathology, Malignant neo-
plasms, Cadmium, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Toxic substances, Compliance, Biological effects,
Uvonicobstructive lung disease, Cancer.
PB81.178640 PC A03/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatablttty Studies of Pesticide Manufacturing
Wastewaters: Dlnoseb and Atrazlne. Final rept.
May-Aug 79,
Research Triangle lost., Research Triangle Park, NC.
coward Monnig, and Ruth A. Zweidinger. Dec 80, SOp
Contract EPA-68-02-2688
The report gives results of laboratory and pilot studies
of the treatability of pesticide manufacturing
dividual pesticide manufacturing wastewaters for dis-
charge to biological treatment systems, whether on
we or publicly owned. Aqueous effluents from the
roanulacture of dinoseb and atrazine were evaluated
m a hierarchical approach: the least costly treatments
were evaluated first. Preliminary activated carbon fil-
tration (to remove pesticides) followed by biological
treatment (to reduce oxygen demand due to other or-
fjanlcs) was found effective. Other treatments found
inadequate were dilution with municipal wastewater
and biological treatment and chemical pretreatment to
hydrolyze the pesticide followed by biological treat-
rnent. Activated carbon filtration alone greatly reduced
the phytotoxictty of the pesticide wastewater even
though substantial breakthrough of some organic com-
pounds occurred.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Pesticides, Man-
ufacturing, Nitrogen organic compounds, Chlorine or-
Oanlc compounds, Activated carbon, Filtration, Chemi-
pal properties, Ecology, Hydrolysis, Industrial waste
treatment, 'Aatrex, 'Dinoseb, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Phenol/butyl-dinitro, Trlazine/chloro-
ethylarnino-teopropylamina.
PB81-178857 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Aerosols Generated by Liquid Sludge Application
to Land. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
H. J. Harding, R. E. Thomas, D. E. Johnson, and C. A.
Sorber. Mar 81,114p EPA-600/1 -81 -028
Grant EPA-R-805909-010
Prepared In cooperation with Texas Univ. at San Anto-
nio.
A preliminary screen was conducted at six sites to
characterize sludge with regard to bacterial and viral
microorganisms, trace metals, organoechtorine pesti-
cides, and PCB's, and to evaluate each site for its suit-
ability for aerosol monitoring. Four sites were selected
for aerosol monitoring, two practicing tank truck appli-
cation and two practicing spray gun application. From
five to eight aerosol monitoring runs were made at
each of the four sites, and a special enterovirus aero-
sol run was conducted at one of the spray sites. The
preliminary screens were used to Indicate what levels
of microbiological and chemical constituents could be
routinely expected in liquid sludge. The aerosol data
were used to indicate whether there was aerosoliza-
tion of microbiological constituents and as Input to dis-
persion modeling. There was some evidence of aero-
solization at the tank truck sites and strong evidence at
the spray sites, particularly in the fecal coliform and
fecal streptococci data. Modeling of the results proved
difficult and there Is considerable uncertainty in the
data presented. No human enteric viruses were de-
tected on the special run, which translates into a con-
centration of less than 0.0016 pfu/m3 at a distance of
40 m downwind from the spray gun. The inability to
detect viruses In the air most likely resulted from the
low concentration In the sludge and from their adsorp-
tion into the solid matter In the sludge which Is not
easily aerosolized.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Sludge disposal, "Sewage dis-
posal, Monitoring, Microorganisms, Sites, Trace ele-
ments, Metals, Chemical compounds, Sampling,
"Liquid wastes, "Land disposal.
PB81-178865 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Molecular Sieves for Sampling NOx
Emissions at Electric Utility Plants. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Henry F. Hamil. Apr 81,28p EPA-600/4-81 -024
Contract EPA-68-02-2489
A field study was conducted to evaluate the u&» of mo-
lecular sieves for collection of NOx (NO + NO2) emis-
sions from utility boilers. It was found that NOx could
be collected efficiently (99%) at sample flow rates of 1
L/mln over 20- to 40-mln sampling periods at the NOx
levels encountered in modem utility boilers. The re-
moval of the stack gas moisture by use of an Implnger
train or condenser ahead of the sample train was
shown to be necessary for efficient NOx collection.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Nitrogen oxides, "Electric
power plants, Sampling, Boilers, Combustion products.
Industrial wastes, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
"Molecular sieves.
PB81-179012 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Applicability of a Lead-Sensitive
Test Paper as a Diagnostic Tool for Detecting Ha-
bitual Mlsfuellng of Cataryst-Equlpped Motor Ve-
hicles. Technicalrept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Bill Smuda. Jul 80.8p EPA-AA-IMS-80-6
Use of leaded fuel In a catalytic converter equipped ve-
hicle (misfuellng) adversely affects the ability of the
catalyst to reduce undesirable emission levels through
poisoning of the catalytic material. A quick reliable
method of detecting habitual mlsfueling would be a
valuable diagnostic tool for detecting lead poisoned
catalysts. PLUMBTESMO Is a lead sensitive test paper
that according to its manufacturer's product literature
can be used to detect metallic lead. When applied to
the inside surface of a tailpipe containing lead depos-
its, the originally white test paper develops red spots
and streaks within a few minutes. This test can be ap-
plied to cold or hot tailpipes. The reaction appears to
take place in less time when the tailpipe is hot The I/M
staff has conducted an evaluation of PLUMBTESMO
on a sample of vehicles in the Ann Arbor area. This
report describes that evaluation and its results.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Gaso-
line, Lead(Metal), Automobiles, "Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), "Misfuellng,
PLUMBTESMO test paper.
PB81-179103 PC A11/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Sewage Sludge Viral and Pathogenic Agents In
Soll-Plant-Anlmal Systems. Final rept. Sep 76-Dec
80,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Inst. of Food and Agricultural
Sciences.
G. T. Edda, and J. M. Davidson. Mar 81,248p* EPA-
600/1-81-026
Grant EPA-R-804570
A multidisciplinary study was carried out to determine
the ultimate fate of various toxic elements or patho-
gens associated with Florida and Chicago municipal
sludges when applied to soil-plant-water systems and
to determine physiologic, pathologic, growth, and re-
productive responses of cattle, swine, and poultry fed
sludges, grains, or forages from soils pretreated with
urban liquid digested sludges as well as health effects
In mice receiving liver or kidney tissues from steers
and swine exposed to such feeds or contaminants.
Minimal differences occurred in growth performance
or egg production in cattle, swine, or poultry fed forage
or grain from soils pretreated with a variety of urban
sewage sludges. Cattle and swine tissues, when fed to
mice, resulted in alterations of the normal mineral bal-
ance as well as reproductive performance. Tissues
from animals intended for human consumption ex-
posed to sarcocyst contaminated sewage sludges
may serve as health hazards for animals and humans.
Application of urban sewage sludges at 19.8 t/hectare
produced equivalent plant growth stimulation for corn,
barley, wheat, and sorghum as commercial fertilizers.
Certain bacteria, commonly associated with sludges,
disappear in a few days after soil or plant application;
however certain viruses and parasites were shown to
persist.
Keywords: "Refuse disposal, "Toxicology, Soils, Flori-
da, Illinois, Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Mice, Contaminants,
Bloassay, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Physiologi-
cal effects, Plants(Botany), Bacteria, Viruses, Para-
sites, "Pathogens, Municipal wastes, "Sewage sludge,
Solid waste disposal, Cnicago(IHinois), "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-179194 PC A03/MF A01
How to Obtain Federal Grants to Build Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works. Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IDC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jan81,48p*EPA/MCD-04
See also report dated May 76, PB-257 655.
In providing Federal funds for the construction of cer-
tain sewage treatment facilities, the Act requires that
the parties to this undertaking follow a series of steps
designed to insure that the best possible project re-
sults from the time, effort and money expended. This
handbook has been prepared to assist municipal offi-
cials In this effort. It contains a summary of the require-
ments of the Construction Grants Program and the re-
sponsibilities that each participant bears.
Keywords: "Project planning, "Grants, "Sewage treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, Handbooks, Instruc-
tions, Construction, Municipalities, Local government,
Sewage treatment plants, Federal assistance pro-
grams.
PB81-179236 CP T11
Mesoscale Air Quality Simulation Models. Model
simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
D. Bruce Turner, William B. Petersen, and Adrian D.
Busse. 23 Feb 81, mag tape EPA/DF-81 /002
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track one-half inch tape only.
Call NTIS Computer Products, if you have questions.
Price Includes documentation, PB80-227796, PB80-
227804, PB80-227812, PB80-227580, PB80-227598,
and PB80-228042.
December 1983 1055
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contents:
File 1 Description of contents of tape;
File 2 MESOPAC, a meteorological preprocessor
program for the MESOSCALE series of air
pollution models;
File 3 MESOPUFF, a variable-trajectory regional-
scale atmospheric dispersion model based on
the Gaussian Puff equation;
File 4 MESOPLUME, a variable-trajectory regional-
scale atmospheric dispersion model based on
the Gaussian Plume equation;
File 5 MESOFILE, a postprocessing system
designed for file management, file merging, file
manipulations, statistical analyses, and
graphical display;
antf File 6 Output of MESOPAC, MESOPUFF and
MESOPLUME in 132 character format.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, "Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Atmospheric models, Dispersions,
•Air quality.
PB81-1792S1 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hoi Metal Deeulfurlzatlon, BOF (Basic Oxygen
Furnace) Charging and Oxygen Blowing: Level 1
Environmental Assessment. Final rept. Aug 79-Nov
80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. Westbrook. Mar 81,138pEPA-600 72-81-036,,
IERL-RTP-1146
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
The report gives results of an EPA/IERL-RTP Level 1
environmental assessment of fumes generated at one
steel plant. Purpose of the assessment was to develop
preliminary Information on the organic and inorganic
matter generated in three processes: (1) external hot
metal desulfurization (HMDS), (2) hot metal charging
to the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and (3) oxygen
blowing of the BOF. Fumes generated (before emis-
sion control) during HMDS contained about 0.64 kg of
paniculate and 0.001 kg of organic per Mg of metal de-
sulfurized. Sufficiently high concentrations of some
metals were found to require that highly efficient dust
capture and environmentally sound disposal be prac-
ticed. Fumes generated (before control) during BOF
hot metal charging contained about 0.053 kg of panic-
ulate and 0.00058 kg of organic per Mg of hot metal
charged. Sufficiently high concentrations of some
metals were found to require that good dust capture
and disposal be practiced. Dust from the BOF bagh-
ouse also contained about 100 mg PNA/kg of dust;
the PNA source was not determined. About 11 kg of
paniculate and 0.004 kg of organic per Mg of steel
processed in the BOF is captured by the primary emis-
sions of control scrubber during the oxygen blow
period. Concentrations of some metals in the clarified
recycle water would be of concern if discharged to sur-
face waters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Iron and steel indus-
try, Assessments, Particles, Design criteria, Furnaces,
Dust collectors, Concentratlon(Compositlon), Scrub-
bers, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), Hot metal desulfurization, Baghouses,
Organic matter.
PB81-179269 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Selective Enhancement of RDF Fuel*. Final rept. 1
Aug 79-31 Jul 80,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
N. L Hecht, D. S. Duvall, A. A. Ghazee, and B. L Fox.
Mar 81,54p EPA/600/2-81 -050
Grant EPA-R-806535010
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
Conversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid
waste to a powdered fuel offers a number of advan-
tages for improving both the quality and marketability
of the product Cellulose embrittlement processes
have been developed to convert the organic fractionof
MSW to a powder. This project concentrated on im-
proving the embrittlement process developed in an
earlier study and characterizing the properties of the
powdered fuel obtained. Over 363 kg. (800 Ib) of pow-
dered fuel were processed for characterization stud-
ies. The processing procedures used for converting
the RDF from the Americology plant in Milwaukee is
described. In the initial phase of this project, the physi-
cal, chemical and thermal properties of the powdered
fuel were evaluated. Panicle size distribution, morphol-
ogy and density were measured. Proximate, ultimate
and ash analysis were determined and TGA, DTA and
heat content were established. In the second phase of
this project, the combustion characteristics of the
powder alone and mixed with powdered coal and oil
were extensively evaluated. This work was conducted
In fulfillment of Grant No. R-806535010 by the Univer-
sity of Dayton Research Institute under the sponsor-
ship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: Organic compounds, Fuels, Cellulose, Em-
brittlement, Combustion, Powder(Particles), Slurries,
•Refuse derived fuels, 'Solid wastes.
PB81-179277 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Ozone on Leukocyte DNA,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
Stephen G. Chaney. Apr 81,26p EPA-600/1 -81 -031
Grant EPA-R-80511401
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of determining whether exposure to ozone
could damage the DNA of peripheral blood cells. An
animal model system was designed in which glycogen
was used to stimulate the production of peritoneal exu-
date cells (PECs) In mice. These PECs were labeled by
repeated I. v. Injection of 3H-thymidlne. The labeled
PECs circulated briefly through the peripheral blood
and eventually accumulated in the peritoneal cavity.
The experimental animals were either exposed to
ozone or ambient atmosphere (sham treated) during
the period of time when the PECs were circulating
through the peripheral blood. These PECs were then
harvested and their DNA analyzed for single strand
breaks on alkaline sucrose gradients. At very high
levels of ozone exposure (5 ppm 9800 micrograms/cu
m 24 hours) DNA damage was readily apparent. At
lower levels of ozone (1 ppm for 24 hours), some DNA
damage may have occurred. In each experiment at this
level, some decrease in the average molecular weight
of the DNA from ozone exposed animals was detect-
ed. However, the data were not statistically significant
in terms of increased number of single strand breaks.
No attempt was made to assess DNA damage at even
lower ozone levels.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Leuko-
cytes, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Exposure, Blood cells,
Molecular biology, Mice, Laboratory animals, Patholo-
gy, Animal models, 'Air pollution effects(Animals),
Toxic substances.
PB81-179327 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Methode end Analysis of Partlcu-
late Sampler Data from RAPS (Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study). Final rept.,
System Sciences, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Sandor J. Freedman, and William M. Yeager. Mar 81,
212pEPA-600/4-81-021
Contract EPA-68-02-2495
Methods were formulated, tested and demonstrated to
statistically analyze and graphically process analytical
data derived from dichotomous paniculate samplers
operating at ten Regional Air Monitoring System
(RAMS) stations in the greater St. Louis area. Statisti-
cal techniques and computer programs are document-
ed in this report. Time series plots of 24 hr averages of
total mass and sulfate for high volume and dichoto-
mous sampler instruments are presented. Quarterly
means and standard deviations of total mass and sul-
fate are tabulated for each station for high volume and
dichotomous samplers. Correlations between high
volume and dichotomous sampler measurements of
total mass and sulfate are computed for each station.
Frequency distributions are plotted for the fine/total
ratio of total mass, sulfate, and lead at each station for
dichotomous sampler measurements. Correlations be-
tween the fine and coarse fractions for 23 elements
plus total mass at each station for dichotomous sam-
pler measurements are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Samplers, Sites,
Monitoring, X ray analysis, Fluorescence, Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), Missouri, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Air pollution sampling, Regional Air Moni-
toring System, Saint Louis(Mlssouri).
PB81-179378 PC A11/MF A01
U.S.-Canada Memorandum of Intent on Trans-
boundary Air Pollution. Impact Assessment. Inter-
im rept. Aug 80-Feb 81.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of International Activities.
10Feb81,227p
This Is one of a set of four reports which represent an
initial effort to draw together currently available infor-
mation on transboundary air pollution, with particular
emphasis on acid deposition, and to develop a con-
sensus on the nature of the problem and the measures
available to deal with it.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, Air pollution,
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Environmental impacts,
International relations, Canada, United States, Re-
search management, Project planning, Coordination,
Cooperation, 'Acid rain.
PB81-179590 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Mutagenic Activity and Chemical Characterization
for the Palo Alto Wasteweter Reclamation and
Qroundwater Injection Facility. Final rept. 30 Jul
78-31 Mar 80,
Stanford Univ., CA.
Perry L. McCarty, John Kissel, Thomas Everhart,
Robert C. Cooper, and Carole Leong. Mar 81, 77p
EPA-600/1-81-029
Grant EPA-R-804431
Prepared In cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley.
At the Palo Alto Reclamation Plant 0.044 cu m/s (1
mgd) of secondary effluent is reclaimed through a
series of wastewater treatment processes. Mutagenic
activity was consistently found to be present In the
secondary treated municipal wastewater influent to the
amation Facility. This activity was not reduced sig-
Recla
nificantly by high lime treatment, air stripping, recar-
bonatlon, or ozonation, even though these processes
did remove a portion of the overall organic content of
the wastewaters and many of the volatile organic com-
pounds. Activated-carbon adsorption was effective in
removing mutagenic activity to such a degree that mu-
tagenic activity could not be found in water used for in-
jection or that taken from monitoring wells. Chlorlna-
tion resulted In an increase in mutagenic activity: A lab-
oratory study demonstrated that this increase in activi-
ty would not result if chlorine dioxide rather than chlo-
rine were used for disinfection. Chlorination resulted In
the production of a significant concentration of non-
purgeable, but otherwise unidentified, chlorinated or-
ganic compounds, as well as trihalomethanes. Forma-
tion or removal of such compounds did not seem to
correlate with changes in mutagenic activity. Air strip-
ping by the fountain-spray system was most effective
In removing volatile organic compounds, while activat-
ed carbon was responsible for removals obtained for
most other organic materials.
Keywords: 'Water reclamation, 'Toxicology, 'Recla-
mation, Chemical compounds, Mutagens, Effluents,
Chlorination, Activity, Water treatment, Activated
carbon, Sampling, Statistical data, 'Mutagenesls,
'Waste water reuse, Palo Alto Reclamation plant,
'Toxic substances, Biological effects, Analytical meth-
ods.
PB81-179772 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technique for Measuring Reduced Forme of
Sulfur In Ambient Air. Rept. for Aug 79-Oct 81,
University of South Florida, Tampa.
Robert S. Braman, and James M. Ammons. Apr 81,
58pEPA-600/7-81-041
Grant EPA-R-806688
A new technique for measuring low concentrations of
volatile sulfur compounds in ambient air is discussed.
The technique consists of preconcentration of sulfur
compounds by chemisorption on gold metal coated
sand or gold foil surface followed by thermal desorp-
tlon, separation, and detection by flame photometry.
Breakthrough capacities are on the order of 1 micro-
gram total sulfur compounds. The unique aspect of
1056 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
this research is the derivation of thiol type compounds,
principally H2S and CH3SH, by ethyl iodide lor partial
separation of H2S, DMS, SO2, COS, and CH3SK Best
suited for the 0.01-5 ppb range, the technique has
been used to detect trace sulfur compound concentra-
tions as low as 0.001 ppb by volume with 100L and
larger sample volumes. Sample size detection limits
depend upon the type of flame photometric detector
used but are generally in the 0.1 ng range. Repeatabi-
lity of measurements is + or - 5-8% relative standard
deviation. Accuracy depends upon the compound.
DMS and SO2 are detected as individual compounds.
H2S, CS2 and COS are detected as a single com-
pound on gold foil. Methylmercaptan and dimethyldis-
ulfide appear as a single compound. Field studies at
two sites, Cedar Island NC and Prairie View, Texas,
have demonstrated that the technique is practical for
field use and for determining vertical profiles up to 10
meters above ground level. Hydrogen sulfide, dimeth-
ylsulfide, sulfur dioxide and carbonylsulfide were the
principal reduced forms of sulfur detected at these
Sites.
Keywords: "Sulfur inorganic compounds, *Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Chemisorption, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Sulfur dioxide, Sampling, Diurnal varia-
tion, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Field tests, 'Air
pollution detection, Sulfide/dimethyl, Flame photome-
try, Sulfate/dimethyl, Carbonyl sulfides.
PB81-179806 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air, Land and Water Use.
The Use of Existing and Modified Land UM Instru-
ments to Achieve Environmental Quality. Final
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Michael R. Alford, and James F. Hudson. Mar 79,384p
EPA-600/5-79-006
Contract EPA-68-01-3231
The report reviews the application and potential of the
Police power at the local level of government as it is
used to achieve environmental planning objectives.
The first section presents an overview of the interac-
tions of various municipal regulations and ordinances
as they affect the environment. Subsequent sections
examine the potential of conventional, locally avail-
able, legal tools to affect residuals productlon-these
include transportation and parking ordinances, build-
Ing codes, on-site wastewater management and main-
tenance permits, stormwater management ordi-
nances, noise control ordinances, solid waste ordi-
nances, and subdivision permit procedures. In each
section, examples of successful or model ordinances
are supplied, preceded by a discussion of the technical
issues involved in associated environmental programs.
The last section of the report is a two-part appendix
that elaborates on the impacts of various commonly
used ordinances on individual factors of environmental
quality; it serves as an extension of the overview pre-
sented in the first section.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Environments,
Regulations, Law enforcement, Local government,
Land use, Police, Urbanization.
PBB1-179830 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Effects of Sewage Aerosols: Additional Se-
rologlcal Surveys and Search for 'Leglonella
pneumophlla' In Sewage.
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
R. Northrop, C. Becker, R. Cordell, M. Sulita, and N.
Altman. Apr 81,50p EPA-600/1-81-032
Grant EPA-R-805003
Antibody levels to Legionella pneumophila, serogroup
1 and Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) were determined for 433
persons living within a 1.6 km radius of an activated
sludge plant. Sera of children 6 to 13 years of age were
also tested for antibody to Norwalk Virus. The antibody
prevalence rates for L. pneumophlla, HAV and Nor-
walk Virus were 23.2%, 31.55 and 7.1%, respectively.
The prevalence of L. pneumophila antibody was higher
than expected but not the others. SeroconversTons
were not observed except for a 4-fold rise in HAV anti-
body in one pair of sera suggesting new infections did
not occur in the 8-month study period by any of these
agents. Using an index of exposure for the number of
viable organisms generated at the plant to which par-
ticipants were exposed, the average index for persons
with antibody to L. pneumophila, or HAV, was not dif-
ferent from the averages of those without antibody, in
addition, there was no association between how close
people lived to the plant, or how long they lived in the
study area, and being seropositive. These findings
augment but still did not prove the previous findings
that sewage aerosols emitted from this plant had no
overt health effects.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Viruses, Aero-
sols, Serology, Sewage sludge, Antibodies, Public
health, Exposure, Air pollution, Guinea pigs, Laborato-
ry animals, Parenteral infusions, Microorganisms, Nor-
walk virus, Environmental health, Legionella pneumo-
phila, Hepatitis A, 'Sewage treatment effluents, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air sampling, Particulates.
PB81-179848 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Measurements of Trace Pollutants;
Long Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectros-
copy. Final rept. Jun 76-May 80,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Ernesto C. Tuazon, Arthur M. Winer, Richard A.
Graham, and James N. Pitts, Jr. Apr 81,104p EPA-
600/3-81-026
Grant EPA-R-804546
Described are the results of a four-year study to meas-
ure trace pollutant concentrations in polluted atmos-
pheres by kilometer pathlength Fourier transform infra-
red (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy. The study covers
selected smog episodes during the years 1976 to
1979. During 1976 and 1977 the FT-IR facility was op-
erated In Riverside, CA, and recorded spectra from
smog episodes which provided valuable benchmark
data. In 1978 and 1979 the FT-IR facility was operated
in Claremont, CA, a location chosen to characterize
episodes closer to the Pasadena Azusa area which ex-
periences the highest smog levels. During 1978 the
study focussed on extended monitoring periods and
succeeded in recording a 'classic1 stagnant air episode
with pollutant 'carryover' and progressively increasing
oxidant levels. Research in 1979 consisted of collabo-
rative studies to validate newly developed analytical
and sampling techniques for measuring HNO3, NH3,
and HCHO. fn these studies the km pathlength FT-IR
spectroscopic technique served as the reference
method. The ambient air data collected for trace pol-
lutant concentrations over the four-year period, togeth-
er with the results of several collaborative studies to
validate new methods, will provide a critically needed
data base for stringently testing the chemicai kinetic
submodels of the current generation of widely used
urban airshed models.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Gas analysis, Infrared
spectroscopy, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Nitric acid, Ammonia,
Formaldehyde, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy, 'Air
pollution detection, 'Long path infrared spectroscopy.
PB81-179855 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Methods for Level 2 Analysis by Organic Com-
pound Category. Final rept. Nov 78-Jan 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. E. than, J. C. Harris, C. E. Rechstelner, and D. J.
Sorlln. Mar 81,326p EPA-600/7-81-029
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
See also PB-293 800.
The report gives Level 2 procedures, including results
of a laboratory evaluation of detailed methods for ana-
lyzing organic chemicals in particular compound cate-
gories. The report, supplementing an earlier Level 2
procedures manual, provides an initial experimental
data base as a resource for laboratories undertaking
Level 2 studies. The Level 2 methods were designed
to provide more detailed and more accurate data con-
cerning specific compounds whose presence in the
cal analysis of Level 1. A systematic laboratory evalua-
tion of the methods for Level 2 analysis of each major
category of organic compounds was conducted. Meth-
ods were evaluated using sets of model compounds
spanning a range of molecular weights and boiling
points in each category. Evaluation criteria included:
detection limit, retention time, chromatographlc resolu-
tion, and precison and accuracy of the method. Specif-
ic detailed Level 2 methods have been recommended
for 25 categories of organic compounds. Most ol the
primary recommendations are based on packed-
column gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry, with
alternative procedures suggested where appropriate
for particular sample matrices or compound types. An-
alytical data using the specified example conditions
are usually illustrated for each recommended method.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Molecular
weight, Boiling points, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Air pollution, Water pollution, Gas analy-
sis, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, High performance liquid chromatography, Air pol-
lution sampling, Water pollution sampling.
PB81-180192 PC A07/MF A01
Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Irrigation Water Use and Management
Interagency Task Force on Irrigation Efficiencies.
Jun 79,142p
Sponsored In part by Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, DC., Department of Agriculture, Washington,
DC., and Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC.
The potential for improving the efficiency of irrigation
water use and management in the United States has
been assessed by the task force. Although significant
investments already are being made, the task force
has determined that public and private investments of
up to $5 billion should be made over the next three
decades to implement needed water conservation
measures. Investments of this magnitude can result in
decreasing gross annual diversions by 15 to 20 million
acre-feet and making 2 to 5 million acre-feet of water
available for new uses. The various Federal programs
would be called upon to assist State and local entitles
through technical assistance and financing as appro-
priate.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Irrigation, Invest-
ments, Policies, National government, State govern-
ment, Technical assistance, Financing, Canal linings,
Pipes(Tubes), Water loss, Seepage, Water rights,
Competition, 'Irrigation efficiency, Cost sharing.
PB81-180457 PC A1S/MF A01
Regulatory Analysis for the Noise Emission Regu-
lations for Motorcycles and Motorcycle Exhaust
Systems. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 80,339p* EPA-550/9-80-217
See also PB81 -180473.
This document presents the technical data and analy-
ses used by EPA in developing the noise emission reg-
ulations for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust sys-
tems. The information presented includes a detailed
discussion of: the motorcycle and motorcycle exhaust
systems industry; baseline noise levels for current mo-
torcycles; the noise control technology available; the
adverse health and welfare impacts of motorcycle
noise and the potential benefits of regulation; the ex-
pected costs and potential economic effects of regula-
tion; and the noise measurement methodology.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Noise pollution, 'Regula-
tions, Exhaust systems, Noise reduction, Economic
impact, Environmental impacts, Acoustic measure-
ment, 'Noise levels, Data bases, Mopeds.
PB81-180466
PC A18/MF A01
Regulatory Analysis Appendices for the Noise
Emission Regulations for Motorcycles and Motor-
cycle Exhaust Systems. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 80,411 p* EPA-550/9-80-218
See also PB81-180457.
This document includes detail information that supple-
ments section 1 through 8 of the regulatory analysis. In
addition It includes an analysis of State, local, and for-
eign motorcycle noise regulations and a summary of
the motorcycle national emphasis plan.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Noise pollution, 'Regula-
tions, Exhaust systems, Noise reduction, Economic
December 1983 1057
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
impacts, Environmental impacts, Acoustic measure-
ment, 'Noise levels, Mopeds.
PB81-180473 PC A07/MF A01
Docket Analysis for the Noise Emission Regula-
tions for Motorcycles and Motorcycle Exhaust
Systems. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 80,131p* EPA-550/9-80-220
See also PB81-180481.
This document presents all comments received from
the public regarding the proposed noise emission reg-
ulations for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust sys-
tems and the Federal government's responses to each
comment. The comments include written submissions
received during the 90-day public comment period,
and testimony received at the three public hearings.
The comments and Agency responses address: health
and welfare benefits of the regulation; economic ef-
fects of the regulation; noise control technology; en-
forcement of the regulation; test procedures; Acousti-
cal Assurance Period and Sound Level Degradation
Factor; labeling; mopeds; and general comments. The
document also presents a statistical breakdown of all
comments.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Noise pollution, 'Public
opinion, Regulations, Exhaust systems, Noise reduc-
tion, Economic impact, Environmental impacts, Trans-
portation noise, Mopeds.
PB81-180481 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement tor the Noise
Emission Regulations for Motorcycles and Motor-
cycle Exhaust Systems. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 80,29p* EPA-550/9-80-221
See also PB81-180465.
This document presents an assessment of the expect-
ed benefits and impacts of the final noise emission re-
gulations for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust sys-
tems. The information presented includes a descrip-
tion of the motorcycle and motorcycle exhaust noise
problem, the statutory basis for action, a summary of
the regulation, State and local programs complemen-
tary to Federal noise emission standards for motorcy-
cles and motorcycle exhaust systems, the rationale for
regulation, the expected benefits of the regulation, the
potential economic effects of the regulation, public
comments on the draft environmental impact state-
ment, and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Noise pollution, 'Environ-
mental Impact statements(Final), Exhaust systems,
Noise reduction, Regulations, Economic factors, Eco-
nomic impacts, Transportation noise, 'Noise levels,
Mopeds.
PB81-180903 PC A16/MF A01
State and Local Grant Awards, October-March
1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1980,365p EPA-G AD/2-8-02
See also PB81-152647.
This publication provides information about the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agnecy's State and Local Assist-
ance Program Grants awarded during the period Octo-
ber 1979 - March 1980. It is a companion publication to
Research, Demonstration, training, and Fellowship
awards which lists grants awarded during this time
period other than those to State and Local agencies.
The data is listed by State, program, and grantee
name.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution control,
•Grants, Construction, Municipalities, Tables(Data),
United States, Listings.
PB81-160946 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Evaluation of Texas Air Control Board Manage-
ment and Operations Systems Requirements. Part
I: Identification of TACB Data Needs. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dec 80,83p EPA-906/9-80-004A
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
See also Part 2, PB81-180952.
The purpose of this report is to provide information for
the design of management and operations systems to
effectively implement and control the collection, stor-
age, verification, and dissemination of emissions in-
ventory information within the Texas Air Control Board
(TACB). Part I identifies all essential emissions inven-
tory information to meet TACB operational require-
ments, develops the priority order in collecting, verify-
ing, and storing the inventory information, and estab-
lishes the formats for data use.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data storage and retrieval,
'Texas Air Control Board, 'Emissions inventories, 'Air
quality data.
PB81-1809S2 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Evaluation of Texas Air Control Board Manage-
ment and Operations Systems Requirements. Part
II: Appendices to the Part I Report. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dec 80,251 p EPA-906/9-80-004B
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
See also Part 1, PB81 -180945.
The purpose of this report is to provide information for
the design of management and operations systems to
effectively implement and control the collecion, stor-
age, verification, and dissemination of emissions in-
ventory information within the Texas Air Control Board
(TACB). Part II includes three appendices to the Part I
report: Emissions Inventory Data Requirements and
General Collection Methodology, Emissions Inventory
Data Dictionaries, and List of Phase II Interviewees.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data storage and retrieval,
'Texas Air Control Board, 'Emissions inventories, 'Air
quality data.
PB81-181190 PC A03/MF A01
Proceedings of the Workshop on Aquatic Weeds:
Control and Its Environmental Consequences
Held at Gulf Breeze, Florida on February 25-26,
1980,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gerald E. Walsh. Feb 81,31 p EPA-600/9-81-010
The report reviews the state-of-the-art of the chemical,
biological, mechanical, and integrated control of
aquatic weeds. Participants discuss problems in the
field of aquatic weed control and the role of EPA in
working toward their solution. Guidelines are proposed
for the evaluation of research proposals designed to
develop environmentally safe methods for the control
of aquatic weeds. The use of chemicals is proposed as
part of an integrated scheme developed for specific
areas on the basis of local conditions.
Keywords: 'Aquatic weeds, 'Weed control, 'Meet-
ings, Herbicides, Toxicity, Aquatic animals, Insects,
Plant diseases, Cutting, Harvesting, Biological weed
control.
PB81-181372 PC A05/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owner* and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. Standards for Preparedness and Prevention
(40 CFR 264, 265, Subpart C); Standard* for Con-
tingency Plan and Emergency Procedure* (40
CFR 264,265, Subpart D). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr60,88p
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically Pre-
paredness and Prevention, (Subpart C), and Contin-
gency Plan and Emergency Procedures, (Subpart D).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Facilities, Safety, Standards, 'Waste disposal,
'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Emergen-
cy plan.
PB81-161380
PC A03/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. Standards for Personnel Training (40 CFR
264.16); Interim Status Standards for Personnel
Training (40 CFR 265.16). Background paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,49p
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically those
covering personnel training requirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Facilities, Personnel development, Standards,
'Waste disposal, 'Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act.
PB81-181398 PC A03/MF A01
Standard* Applicable to Owners and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. Standards for Security (40 CFR 264.14); In-
terim Statue Standards for Security (40 CFR
265.14). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,50p
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers standards appli-
cable to hazardous waste management facilities, spe-
cifically those covering security requirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Facilities, Regula-
tions, Standards, Security, 'Waste disposal, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB81-181406 PC A04/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owner* and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. General Waste Analyst* (40 CFR 264.13); In-
terim Status Standards for General Waste Analy-
sis (40 CFR 265.13). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec80,69p
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically those
covering waste analysis requirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Facilities, Standards, 'Waste disposal, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB81-181414 PC A03/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. General Issues Concerning Interim Status
Standard* (40 CFR 265). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr80,49p
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities with 'Interim status'-
that is, they were in existence on November 19, 1980
(effective date of regulations), have notified EPA of
their activities and have applied for a permit, which has
not yet been processed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Facilities, Standards, 'Waste disposal, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB81-181422 PC A07/MF A01
Monitoring Method* Development In the Beau-
mont-Lake Charles Area, Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
1058 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
OctSO, 145pEPA-600/04-80-046
In 1978, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ini-
tiated a study in the Beaumont, Texas-Lake Charles,
Louisiana area (BLCA) as a preliminary step to devel-
op, demonstrate and test methods for monitoring
levels of chemicals, primarily in air and water, and to
measure effects of the atmosphere on indicator orga-
nisms, all within a defined geographic area. The BLCA
was selected because of its established petrochemical
industries, and its residential, commercial, transporta-
tion and agricultural character. The selected study
area includes Jefferson and Orange Counties in Texas
and Calcasieu and Cameron Parishes in Louisiana.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Water pollution, "Lake
Charles, Monitoring, Chloroethanes, Vinyl chloride,
Water supply. Asbestos, Organic compounds, Halohy-
drocarbons, Gas chromatography, Bioassay, Fishes,
Sediments, Food, Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), Louisiana, Texas,
Tables(Data), Air pollution monitors.
PB81-181430 PC A24/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
ln
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Application of statistical tests to the RAM (Real-Time
Air-Quality Model) using the RAPS (Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study) data base is reported. Earlier work de-
scribed the statistical tests in detail. Application of the
statistical tests as described herein fulfilled two pur-
poses: to quantify the overall performance of the RAM
and to provide diagnostic information about the causes
of poor model performance. Results of the diagnostic
tests serve to identify specific weaknesses in the
model formulation and some localized errors in the
emission inventory. Two microfiche accompany this
report: 1976 STL SO2 RAM HOURLY DATA BASE,
and 1976 STL SO2 RAM EVALUATION PROGRAM
LISTINGS. This model is part of the UNAMAP version
4 software package.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Atmospheric diffusion,
•Mathematical models, Evaluation, Plumes,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide, *RAM
model, 'UNAMAP models, Gaussian plume models.
PB81-182065 PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Plan to Develop and Implement a Quality Assur-
ance Program for the Ames/Salmonella Test,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. Sexton, L. Myers, and T. Hughes. Apr 81,99p* EPA-
600/2-81-054
Contract EPA-68-02-3226
This document discusses a plan to develop and carry
out a quality assurance program for the Ames/Salmo-
nella test. The Ames test is in one of the 13 categories
of tests mentioned in the Federal Insecticide, Fungi-
cide, and Rodenticide Act legislation and is chosen as
a model for presenting a QA program for all test cate-
gories. There are three main sections contained
herein. An introductory section describes the laws re-
quiring this testing and the objectives of this quality as-
surance plan. The second section defines quality as-
surance terms, describes applicable quality assurance
methods, and discusses the mailable audit materials
approach that was chosen for these purposes. The
third section details the mailable audit materials pro-
gram and discusses selection of chemicals, prepara-
tion of samples, shipment of audit samples, pilot-scale
audits, scheduling, other audit programs as models,
data gathering procedures, data analysis, reporting of
results, and costs.
Keywords: * Pesticides, 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, De-
velopment, Implementation, Legislation,
Law(Jurisprudence), Plans, Methodology, Audits, Ob-
jectives, Sampling, Data collection, Tests, Bacteriolo-
gy, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Screening, 'Quality assur-
PB81-182107 PC A89/MF E01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hazardous Waste Land Treatment. Draft rept,
Brown (K.W.) and Associates, Inc., College Station,
K. W. Brown, and L Deuel. Sep 80,994p* EPA/530/
SW-874
Contract EPA-68-03-2940
The document entitled 'Hazardous Waste Land Treat-
ment' presents a dynamic design approach for land
treatment facilities. This design strategy is based upon
sound environmental considerations and is structured
into a total system approach. The manual discusses
site assessment procedures aimed at selecting ac-
ceptable location. This site assessment procedure
consists of (1) technical consideration of site charac-
teristics and (2) sociographical considerations of area
land use. In addition, the manual describes specific
land treatment components and explains why they are
Important to an effective design. These components
include: the land treatment medium, hazardous waste
streams, preliminary tests and pilot experiments on
waste-soil interaction, facility design and manage-
ment, monitoring, changing wastes, contingency plan-
ning, and site closure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Sites, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Sources, Technology, In-
dustrial wastes, Monitoring, Design criteria, Manage-
ment planning, Soils, Plants(Botany), Water pollution,
Leaching, Solid waste disposal, Organic compounds,
Inorganic compounds, 'Land disposal, Best technolo-
gy.
PB81-182339 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Guidelines for the Disposal of PCBs (Polychlorl-
nated Blphenyls) and PCB Items by Thermal De-
struction. Final rept. Oct 79-Apr 80,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
D. G. Ackerman, L. L. Scinto, P. S. Bakshi, R. G.
Delumyea, and R. J. Johnson. Feb 81,319p EPA-600/
2-81-022
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report is a resource and guidelines document to
aid EPA Regional Offices in interpreting and applying
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regulations to the ther-
mal destruction of PCBs. As background material, the
report describes fundamental processes of combus-
tion, thermal destruction systems, sampling and analy-
sis methodology, and flame chemistry relative to PCB
incineration. Administrative considerations, including
public involvement, are discussed. Detailed guidelines
on the evaluation of Annex I incinerators, high efficien-
cy boilers, and the several stages of the approval proc-
ess are presented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Incinerators, 'Guidelines,
'Regulations, 'Solid waste disposal, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, Air pollution control, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyl, Liquid wastes.
PB81-182354 PC E99
Section 74 Seafood Processing Study, Executive
Summary. Report to Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Donald Anderson. Aug 80,1498p-in 3v
Set includes PB81-182362, PB81-182370, and PB81-
182388.
No abstract available.
PB81-182362 PC A23/MF A01
Section 74 Seafood Processing Study, Executive
Summary. Appendix, Volume I. Report to Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Donald Anderson. Aug 80,536p EPA-440/1-80/020A
See also Volume 2, PB81 -182370.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
182354.
Section 74 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 requires the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to investigate
the ecplogical effects of seafood waste discharges
and to identify treatment and waste utilization technol-
ogies applicable to seafood processing operations.
The objective of the study reported here was to exam-
ine the maine environment in the vicinity of Dutch
Harbor with emphasis on areas which had formerly, or
were presently receiving seafood processing wastes.
Over a period of 24 hours in June 1978, an inventory of
dominant infaunal species was made together with se-
dimentological measurements at certain stations.
Water column measurements included hydrography
and nutrient chemistry.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic animals, 'Sewage dis-
posal, 'Dutch Harbor, Food processing, Waste water,
Seafood, Anoxia, Water quality, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Sulfides, Salinity, Temperature, Invertebrates,
Abundance, Tables(Data), Outfall sewers, Alaska,
'Water pollution, Ocean waste disposal.
PB81-182370 PC A99/MF A01
Section 74 Seafood Processing Study, Executive
Summary. Appendix, Volume II. Report to Con-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Donald Anderson. Aug 80, 769p EPA-440/1-80/020B
See also Volume 1, PB81-182362, and Volume 3,
PB81-182388.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
182354.
Section 74 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 requires the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to investigate
the ecological effects of seafood waste discharges
and to identify treatment and waste utilization technol-
ogies applicable to seafood processing operations.
The present report summarizes ecological investiga-
tions on the effects of effluents from fish cannery
wastes and the municipal treatment plant in outer Los
Angeles Harbor over a period of some eight years.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic animals, 'Sewage dis-
posal, 'Water pollution, 'Los Angeles Harbor, Plank-
ton, Fishes, Birds, Biological productivity, Larvae, Bac-
teria, Invertebrates, Abundance, Bioassay, Food proc-
essing, Waste water, Seafood, Biomass, Inorganic
phosphates, Tables(Data), Seafood industry, Species
diversity.
PB81-182388 PC A09/MF A01
Section 74 Seafood Processing Study, Executive
Summary. Appendix, Volume III. Report to Con-
gress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Aug 80,193p EPA-440/1-80/020C
See also Volume 2, PB81 -182370.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
182354.
Section 74 of the Clean Water Act requires that the
United States Environmental Protection Agency evalu-
ate and report to Congress the effects of seafood
processes which discharge untreated natural wastes
into marine waters. To help meet that requirement, this
report identifies and describes in-plant waste manage-
ment techniques and end-of-pipe wastewater treat-
ment technologies which are applicable to the seafood
industry's pollution control efforts. Also described are
secondary product and byproduct manufacturing op-
tions and solid waste handling and disposal methods
which can help the industry better utilize or more ac-
ceptably dispose of its waste materials.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Food processing,
Seafood, Shellfish, Separation, Activated sludge proc-
ess, Trickling filters, Lagoons(Ponds), Flotation, Earth-
fills, Barges, Production, Byproducts, Fish protein con-
centrates, Chitins, Production.
PB81-182438 PC A02/MF A01
A Comparison of Sound Power Levels from Porta-
ble Air Compressors Based Upon Test Method-
ologies Adopted by U.S. EPA and the CEC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec80,22p
Prepared in cooperation with Commission of the Euro-
pean Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Environmental
and Consumer Protection Service.
On December 30,1975, the United States government
issued a regulation which set limits on the amount of
noise emitted from portable air compressors. This reg-
ulation also specified the noise test procedure to de-
termine the maximum sound pressure level of com-
pressors. On April 5,1978, the Commission of the Eu-
ropean Communities (CEC) submitted a proposed di-
rective to the Council of the European Communities,
that also would set limits on the noise emitted by porta-
ble air compressors within the European Economic
Community (EEC). The proposed directive also speci-
fied the test procedure to determine the sound power
emitted from a compressor. It became evident that
both U.S. and European manufacturers may need to
perform two separate noise tests on their compressors
if they intend to meet both existing U.S. and the pro-
posed EEC noise standards. At the request of industry,
U.S. government representatives entered into discus-
sions with representatives of the CEC in November
1975. These discussions led to an agreement between
the CEC and the U.S. EPA to jointly conduct compara-
tive noise tests of various size compressors to assess
the potential for alignment of the existing U.S. and the
proposed CEC test procedures. The test results pre-
sented in this report are the end product of those bilat-
eral discussions and technical cooperation between
the CEC and the EPA.
Keywords: 'Air compressors, 'Noise pollution, Acous-
tic measurement, Sound pressure, Standards, Tech-
nology assessment, 'Noise levels.
PB81-182644 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
1060 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Coal Conversion Control Technology. Volume III.
Economic Analysis; Appendix. Final rept. Apr 77-
Nov 78,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
L. E. Bostwick, M. R. Smith, D. O. Moore, and D. K.
Webber. Oct 79,376p EPA-600/7-79/228C
Contract EPA-68-02-2198
See also Volume 2, PB80-126477.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
This volume is the product of an information-gathering
effort relating to coal conversion process streams.
Available and developing control technology has been
evaluated in view of the requirements of present and
proposed federal, state, regional, and international en-
vironmental standards.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, *Air pollution control,
'Water pollution control, "Solid waste disposal, Eco-
nomic analysis, Bibliographies, Information systems,
"Coal liquefaction, Listings.
PB81-183311 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Stream Use In Southern Il-
linois.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Dec 80,48p GERPDC-81 -583
Grant EPA-P-005461-01
The report identifies and locates 97 stream reaches in
the 10-county Southern Illinois 208 area. Use of these
stream reaches by the public is documented together
with information regarding uses to which the public
would like to put these stream uses in the future.
Standard stream use categories developed by Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency are used. Report
data was transmitted to IEPA for agency use in the
Preparation of new water quality standards for Illinois
streams.
Keywords: "Streams, "Water quality management,
Land use, Dams, Sewage treatment, Recreation,
Channel improvements, Illinois, Local studies.
PB81-183329 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Public Participation: 1980.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL
DecSO, 150pGERPDC-81-582
Grant EPA-P-005461-01
This report documents water quality management
Public participation activities in Franklin, Gallatin, Ham-
ilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jefferson, Perry, Saline, and
Williamson Counties, Illinois. Included are activities of
the Regional Water Quality Coordinating Council and
its supporting committees plus various activities relat-
ed to the 1980 project work program.
Keywords: "Citizen participation, "Water quality man-
agement, Objectives, Education, Illinois, Local studies.
PB81-183337 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Erosion Control Priorities
and Progress Reporting: Jackson County.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Dec 80,43p GERPDC-81-584
Grant EPA-P-005461-01
As one of four demonstration counties in Illinois, Jack-
son County was analyzed for estimated soil loss in 54
watershed segments using the universal soil loss
equation. Soil losses above tolerance were reported
for 30 of these watersheds. Watershed segments
which gave soil loss estimates more than 1 f tons/
acre/year were assigned first priority for concentration
of soil conservation measures. Estimated soil loss, av-
erage tolerance, percentages of land use, slope data,
ana composite K and C factors are given for each wa-
tershed segment.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, "Water quality management,
Erosion control, Vegetation, Cultivation, Soil conserva-
tion, Slope, Land use, Illinois, Jackson County(lllinois),
Local studies, Priorities.
PB81-183345 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chigago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Soil Erosion Potential of
•Reclaimed Agricultural Lands.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Dec 80,33p GERPDC-81-580
Grant EPA-P-005461-01
The report describes the soil erosion potential of re-
claimed agricultural lands for Southern Illinois. It fo-
cuses on the potential for increased soil erosion of re-
claimed strip mine land. The emphasis was on identify-
ing factors which contribute to increase in soil erosion
rates on reclaimed agriculture lands.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, "Water quality management,
Erosion control, Farms, Watersheds, Sedimentation,
Vegetation, Surface mining, Illinois, Local studies.
PB81-183352 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Oilfield Brine: A Survey of
Land Damage In Hamilton County.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Dec 80,65p GERPDC-81 -579
Grant EPA-P-005461 -01
The report was prepared under Section 208 of the
Water Pollution Control Act as amended. It focuses on
the acreage of oil field brine damaged land in Hamilton
County, Illinois and relates the estimated soil loss from
this land to the proximity of area streams. Its purpose
is to verify the potential for sources of major sediment
and chemical contaminants directly related to oil pro-
duction regions.
Keywords: "Brines, "Water quality management, Soil
erosion, Erosion control, Streams, Oil fields, Water pol-
lution, Illinois, Local studies, Hamilton County(lllinois).
PB81-183360 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.. ,egion
Areawlde Waste Treatment and Water Quality
Management Planning. Orchard Land Conversion
and Water Quality.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Dec 80,56p GERPDC-81 -581
Grant EPA-P-005461-01
This document is part of the continuing planning proc-
ess under the areawide waste treatment and water
quality management plan for Southern Illinois. It de-
scribes potential water quality problems resulting from
soil erosion through the conversion of orchard lands to
other uses within the watershed of Cedar Lake.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, "Water quality management,
Fruit crops, Water pollution, Pesticides, Land use, Illi-
nois, Local studies.
PB81-183394 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Handbook for OH Spill Protection and Cleanup Pri-
orities. Final rept. Aug 78-Jul 79,
Rockwell International, Anaheim, CA.
Jon D. Byroade, Ann M. Twedell, and J. Peter LeBoff.
Feb81,145p* EPA-600/8-81-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
Prepared by Veraar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
This handbook was developed In an easily accessible
yet extensive field format for use by federally designat-
ed on-scene coordinators (OSC) to guide them in as-
sessing priorities during all phases of an oil spill re-
sponse, the guidelines presented will enable the OSC
to (1) determine pertinent facts about a particular oil
discharge, (2) identify the resources and Installations
that may be affected, and (3) establish priorities for
protecting and cleaning up these sensitive resources
and installations. Special attention is given to re-
sponse activities.
Keywords: "Protection, "Oil pollution, Manuals, Clean-
ing, Natural resources, Removal, Spreading, Deterio-
ration, Oils, Ratings, Weather, Decision making, Con-
tainment, "Oil spills.
PB81-183477 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Matrix Approach to Biological Investigation of
Synthetic Fuels.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
David L. Coffin. Mar 81,79p EPA-600/9-81-009
Proceedings of a conference held at Research Trian-
gle Park, North Carolina on April 26,1979. Sponsored
in part by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Documentation is provided for a conference cospon-
sored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and Oak Ridge National Laboratory and held in Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina on April 26,1979.
The general topic is lexicological assessment of health
effects from the rapidly developing synthetic fuels In-
dustry. In particular, the discussions focus on the
Paraho crude shale oil that was produced by Develop-
ment Engineering, Inc. (Anvil Points, Colorado) and re-
fined into diesel and jet fuels by the Standard Oil Com-
pany of Ohio. Summaries of both operations are pre-
sented. Also discussed is the collection, storage, and
distribution to toxicologists of sample materials from
these operations by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency/U.S. Department of Energy Fossil Fuels Re-
search Materials Facility (Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory). Other chapters survey ongoing and planned test-
ing of the Paraho shale oil materials by investigators
from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Battelle Pacific
Northwest Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore Labora-
tory, and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The application of microbial, cellular, and whole animal
bioassays is considered.
Keywords: "Fuels, "Toxicology, Assessment, Fossil
fuels, Research, Evaluation, Combustion products, Oil
shale, Operations, Bioassay, Toxicity, Genetics, Envi-
ronmental health, "Synthetic fuels, Toxic substances.
PB81-183501 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Cost Estimations for Emission Control Related
Components/Systems and Cost Methodology De-
scription Heavy Duty Trucks. Final rept. Jul-Nov 77,
Rath and Strong, Inc., Lexington, MA.
Dec 77,321 p" EPA-460/3-80-001
Contract EPA-68-03-3505
See also PB-279195.
This report presents estimates of the retail price equiv-
alent (RPE) or 'sticker price1 for a variety of automotive
exhaust emission control related components/sys-
tems. The author began with a three-level assumption
as to industry makeup (supplier, vehicle assembly,
dealer) and used this standard approach along with
assumptions as to production volume and the amounts
of labor, overhead, tooling, administrative, and depre-
ciation expenses and prom at the supplier level, tool-
ing, research and development, and administrative ex-
penses and profit at the vehicle assembly level, and
labor, overhead, and profit at the dealer level to deter-
mine the RPE. Where little physical description of a
component could be found, a 'best guess' effort was
made. A methodology description is also included. It
should be noted that since a specific production
volume was assumed in each case, the RPE estimates
are valid only within some relevant range of production
volumes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
"Cost analysis, Injection, Recirculation, Catalytic con-
verters, Carburetors, Gasoline engines, Diesel en-
gines, Actuators, Thermal reactors, Ignition systems.
PB81-183618 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Wastewater Management Plan for the Durango
Area, La Plats County, Colorado. Draft Environ-
mental Impact Statement,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
John M. Brink, and Gary L. Potter. Fob 81,184p EPA-
908/5-81-001A
December 1983 1061
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental effects of wastewater management
were considered for six areas outside of the Ourango
City limits in La Plata County, Colorado. Three basic
wastewater management alternatives were proposed
for each Study Area: (1) No Action, (2) Formation of a
Maintenance District, and (3) Sewers, either with a
local treatment facility or with connections to the City
of Durango's system. Environmental impacts of the No
Action and Maintenance District alternatives include
possible degradation of water quality, potential public
health threats, and septage and sludge disposal. While
it would reduce these impacts and save electrical
energy, the sewer alternative might lead to increased
growth rates, strip development along the sewer lines,
and increased population density.
Keywords: "Sewers, *Sewage treatment, •Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Sludge disposal,
Public health, Water quality, Population growth, Sur-
face waters, Runoff, Colorado, La Plata
County(Colorado), Durango(Colorado).
PB81-183626 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Wastewater Management Plan for the Durango
Area, La Plata County, Colorado. Environmental
Impact Statement, Appendices,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
John M. Brink, and Gary L. Potter. Feb 81,217p EPA-
908/5-81-001B
The report contains detailed descriptive material and
background data on the environmental setting of the
wastewater management plan analyzed in the Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement for the Durango area, La
Plata County, Colorado.
Keywords: "Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Ground water, Sur-
face waters, Water quality, Wildlife, Vegetation, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Soil erosion, Geological faults,
Hazards, Colorado, Water quality data.
PB81-184319 PC A04/MF A01
Corroslvlty Characteristic (40 CFR 261.22); Identi-
fication and Listing of Hazardous Waste Under
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001. Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May80,70pMS-1941.24
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document explains how EPA iden-
tified corrosiveness, the property that makes a sub-
stance capable of dissolving materials with which-it
comes in contact, as a hazardous waste characteristic.
Keywords: * Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Cor-
rosion, 'Resource Conservation Recovery Act regula-
tions,'Solid wastes.
PB81-184384
PCE99
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Dlv.
Douglas M. Coatle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L Dulaney. Dec 80,2953p-
in6v
Set includes PB81-184392, PB81 -184400, PB81-
184418, PB81-184426, PB81-184434 and PB81-
184442. Prepared in cooperation with NUS Corp.,
Pittsburgh, PA.
No abstract available.
PB81-184392 PC A20/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory. Volume 1-Qeneral,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L. Dulaney. Dec 80,464p
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V1
See also Volume 2, PB81 -184400. Prepared in coop-
eration with NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
Contents:
Introduction;
Remand issues on prior regulations;
Industry Subcategorization;
Selection of regulated pollutants;
Control and treatment technology;
Development of cost estimates;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
the best available technology economically
achievable;
Best conventional pollutant control technology;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
new source performance standards;
Pretreatment standards for plants discharging to
publicly owned treatment works.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Standards,
'Water pollution control, Technology, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Sources, Cost analysis, Manu-
facturing, 'Point sources, 'New source performance
standards, Best technology.
PB81-184400
PC A20/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory. Volume 2-Coke Making Subcategory, Sin-
tering Subcategory, Iron Making Subcategory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L Dulaney. Dec 80,45Bp
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V2
See also Volume 1, PB81-184392 and Volume 3,
PB81-184418. Prepared in cooperation with NUS
Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
Contents:
Introduction;
Subcategorization;
Water use and waste characterization;
Wastewater pollutants;
Control and treatment technology;
Cost, energy, and nonwater quality impacts;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
BPT technology;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
BAT technology.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Standards, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Technology, Cost analysis, Sources, 'Point sources,
'New source performance standards, Best technolo-
gy-
PB81-184418 PC A22/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
CflstlnQ Suboteoory
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L Dulaney. Dec 80,513p
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V3
See also Volume 2, PB81-184400 and Volume 4,
PB81 -184426. Prepared in cooperation with NUS
Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
Contents:
Introduction;
Subcategorization;
Water use and waste characterization;
Wastewater pollutants;
Control and treatment technology;
Cost, energy, and nonwater quality impacts;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
the best available technology economically
achievable;
Best conventional pollutant control technology;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
new source performance standards;
Pretreatment standards for discharges to publicly
owned treatment works.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Standards, Manufacturing, Regulations,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Technology,
Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, 'Point sources, 'New
source performance standards, Toxic substances,
Best technology.
PB81-184426
PC A17/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory. Volume 4-Hot Forming Subcategory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L. Dulaney. Dec 80,384p
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V4
See also Volume 3, PB81-184418 and Volume 5,
PB81-184434. Prepared in cooperation with NUS
Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
Contents:
Introduction;
Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics;
Wastewater pollutants;
Control and treatment technology;
Cost, energy, and nonwater quality impacts;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
BPT technology;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
BAT technology;
Best conventional pollutant control technology;
Effluent quality attainable through the application of
new source performance standards;
Pretreatment standards for discharges to publicly
owned treatment works.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Standards, Manufacturing, Sources, Tech-
nology, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Tables(Data),
Process charting, 'Point sources, 'New source per-
formance standards, 'Hot forming, Best technology.
PB81-184434
PC A23/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory. Volume 5-Scale Removal Subcategory,
Acid Pickling Subcategory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L Dulaney. Dec 80,530p
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V5
See also Volume 4, PB81 -184426 and Volume 6,
PB81-184442. Prepared In cooperation with NUS
Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
This document (in six volumes) describes the technical
basis for the proposed effluent limitations for the steel
industry as published in the Federal Register (46 FR
1858) on January 7,1981. This volume covers the cat-
egories of scale removal and acid pickling.
1062 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Standards, Manufacturing, Technology, Cost
analysis, Regulations, 'Point sources, 'New source
performance standards, Best technology.
PB81-1B4442 PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitation* Guideline*, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Iron and Steel Manufacturing Point Source Cate-
gory- Volume 6-Cold Forming Subcategory, Alka-
line Cleaning Subcategory, Hot Coating Subcate-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Steven Schatzow, Jeffery Denit,
Ernst P. Hall, and Edward L. Dulaney. Dec 80,604p
EPA-440/1-80/024B-V6
See also Volume 5, PB81-184434. Prepared in coop-
eration with NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
184384.
This document (in six volumes) describes the technical
basis for the proposed effluent limitations for the steel
industry as published in the Federal Register (46 FR
1858) on January 7,1981. This volume covers the fol-
lowing categories: cold rolling, cold worked pipe and
tube and hot coating.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, "Standards, Manufacturing, Sources, Regula-
tions, Technology, Cleaning, Coatings, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, 'Point sources, 'New source
performance standards, Best technology, Cold form-
ing.
PB81-184574 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Emission and Ozone Trends In the
Houston Area. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Marilyn Davis, and John Trljonis. Apr 81.134p EPA-
600/3-81-027
Contract EPA-68-02-2976
An analysis of historical trend data for emissions and
air quality in Houston for period of 1974-78 is conduct-
ed for the.purposes of checking the EKMA 03-predict-
"ig model and of exploring empirical relations between
emission changes and O3 air quality in the Houston
area. Results from the EKMA testing analysis were in-
juring the 1974-78 period were very small. Results
from the emIssions-to-air quality empirical relationship
analysis explained the previously noted paradox that
ine O3 air quality did not improve despite substantial
control of hydrocarbon emissions during 1974-78. The
explanation is that source growth during that period
nearly offset the effect of emission controls and that
many such controls were installed prior to 1974.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Trends,
Wind(Meteorology), Nomographs, Comparison, 'Air
quality, 'Empincal kinetic modeling approach,
HoustonfTexas).
PB81-184707 PC A02/MF A01
Cadmium Toxiclty to Three Species of Estuarlne
invertebrates. Journal article,
environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gerald G. Pesch, and Nelson E. Stewart. Mar 81,12p
EPA-600/J-80-235, ERLN-J134
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 3, p145-156
Three species of estuarine invertebrates, Palaemon-
etes puglo (grass shrimp), Pagurus longicarpus (hermit
wab) and Argopecten Irradians (bay scallop), were ex-
Posed to Cd In flowing seawater at concentrations of
Q-06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/lltre. Incipient LC50
values of 0.53 and 0.07 mg/lltre were estimated for
Day scallop and hermit crab, respectively. The toxiclty
curve for grass shrimp had not stabilized, but the Incipi-
ent LC50 value was estimated to fall within a range of
"•2 to 0.3 mg/litre. Short-term response, as measured
by time to 50% mortality at the highest Cd concentra-
uon, was 10,21 and 23 days for the bay scallop, hermit
crab and grass shrimp, respectively. Scallop growth
was inhibited at all exposure concentrations with a
measured 42-day EC50 value of 0.078 mg/litre Cd.
Bvssal thread detachment precedes death in bay scal-
lops. An EC50 value of 0.54mg/litre Cd for gyssal de-
tachment was measured on day 8 of the bioassay
before appreciable mortality. This compared favorably
with the incipient LC50 value of 0.53mg/litre Cd. Cad-
mium accumulation occurred at all concentrations in
bay scallop and grass shrimp.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, 'Invertebrates,
Toxicity, Estuaries, Metals, Bioassay, Lethal dosage,
Reprints, Palaemonetes pugio, Grass shrimp, Pagurus
longicarpus, Hermit crab, Argopecten irradians, Bay
scallop, Bioaccumulation.
PB81-184715 PC A02/MF A01
'Neanthes arenaceodentata' (Polychaeta: Anne-
lida), a Proposed Cytogenetlc Model for Marine
Genetic Toxicology. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gerald G. Pesch, and Carol E. Pesch. Mar 81, 4p EPA-
600/J-80-233, ERLN-J132
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, v37 n8 p1225-1228 1980.
Genetic toxicants are present in polluted marine envi-
ronments and may represent a long-term threat to
populations of marine organisms. This paper presents
details of an In vivo application of sister chromatid ex-
change (SCE) analysis to a marine polychaete worm
Neanthes arenaceodentata. This species exhibits a
dose response to mitomycin C (MMC) at concentra-
tions comparable to those eliciting responses in in vivo
mammalian systems. A dose of 5 x 10 to the minus 7th
power mol/L MMC increased the rate of SCE from a
baseline frequency of 0.14/chromosome to 0.5/chro-
mosome. The chromosomes of N. arenaceodentata
may provide a useful model for identifying and studying
the effects of genetic toxicants in marine environ-
ments.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Annelida, Chromosomes,
Models, In vivo analysis, ConcentrationfComposition),
Reprints, 'Neanthes arenaceodentata, Sister chroma-
tid exchange, Mitomycin, 'Cytogenetics.
PB81-184723 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Concentration of Adsorbing Solid*
on the Partition Coefficient Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Donald J. O'Connor, and John P. Connolly. Apr 81, 9p
EPA-600/J-80-265, CONTRIB-396
Prepared In cooperation with Manhattan Coll., ^ronx,
NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Pub. in Water Re-
search, v14 p1517-1523.
The results of a number of laboratory studies are pre-
sented to demonstrate an inverse relationship be-
tween concentration of adsorbing solids and partition
coefficient. Various functional forms which define the
relation are developed and correlated with the data. A
power-law dependence of partition coefficient on con-
centration of solids is shown. The signficance of this
relationship In assessing the fate of hydrophobia pol-
lutants in natural water systems is discussed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Solids, 'Organic com-
pounds, Adsorption, Desorption,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Partition coef-
ficients, 'Heavy metals, Numerical solution.
PB81-184731 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Montlcello, MN.
Acute Toxiclty of Ammonia and Nitrite to Cut-
throat Trout Fry. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert V. Thurston, Rosemarie C. Russo, and Charlie
E. Smith. Apr 81,10pEPA-600/J-78-182
Grant EPA-R-800861
Prepared in cooperation with Fish and Wildlife Service,
Bozeman, MT. Fish Cultural Development Center. Pub.
in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
107(2), p361 -368 1978.
The toxiclty of ammonia and of nitrite was tested on
cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) fry (1-3 g) for periods up
to a month in eight laboratory flow-through bioassays.
Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for ammo-
nia (mg/llter un-ionized NH3) were 0.5-0.8 for 96
hours, and 0.3-0.6 for 36 days. Nitrite LC50 values
(mg/llter N02-N) were 0.5-0.6 for 96 hours, and 0.4 for
36 days. Tissues of fish exposed for 29 days to 0.34
mg/llter un-ionized ammonia evidenced degenerative
changes In gills, kidneys, and livers. Cutthroat trout fry
are comparable to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fry
in their susceptibility to acute toxicity from aqueous
ammonia and nitrite.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ammonia, 'Nitrites, Bioas-
say, Fishes, Concentration(Compositlon), Lethal
dosage, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, Cutthroat trout,
Salmo clarki, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-184749 PC A02/MF A01
Yolk Utilization In Summer Flounder ('Parallchthys
dentatus') Embryos and Larvae Reared at Two
Temperatures. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. M. Johns, and W. H. Howell. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-
80-242, ERLN-J131
Pub. In Marine Ecology - Progress Series, v2 p1-8
1980,
The influence of rearing temperature on growth and
yolk utilization in embryos and larvae of the summer
flounder Paralichthys dentatus has been investigated.
Rates of development, growth and yolk conversion ef-
ficiencies were determined for embryos and larvae
reared at 16 and 21 C. Larvae reared at 21C completed
total yolk absorption sooner than did larvae reared at
16C. However, no significant differences were found in
total body length, ash-free dry weight or yolk utilization
efficiency for larvae from the two groups. The similarity
in growth and yolk utilization efficiency for larvae
reared at the two temperatures suggests that the phys-
iological mechanisms involved are able to compensate
for temperature changes.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Growth, Temperature, Embryos,
Larvae, Seasonal variations, Reprints, 'Paralichthys
dentatus, 'Yolk sac, Flounder.
PB81-1B47S6 PC A02/MF A01
Multlvariate Analysis of the Effects of Manganese
on the Reproductive Physiology and Behavior of
the Male House Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Leon Earl Gray, Jr., and John W. Laskey. Apr 81, 9p
EPA-600/J-80-251
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 6,
P861-867 1980.
Chronic exposure to MN3O4 in the diet at 1050ppm
Mn retarded the sexual development and lowered re-
active locomotor activity levels in male mice. A multi-
variate analysis of variance indicated that testis, semi-
nal vesclle, and preputial gland weights were signifi-
cantly smaller as a result or Mn administration. These
results support earlier observations of altered locomo-
tor activity levels and reproductive development in
male rats In the absence of other signs of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Manganese oxides,
•Reproduction(Blology), 'Toxicology, Males, Mice,
Diet, Ingestion(Biology), Physiological effects, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-184764 PC A02/MF A01
Altered Function and Histology In Guinea Pigs
after Inhalation of Diesel Exhaust. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Wlester, R. lltis, and W. Moore. 1980,15p EPA-
600/J-81-030
Pub. in Environmental Research 22, p285-2971980.
Health effects of inhaled diesel engine exhaust were
evaluated in infant guinea pigs following 4 and 6 weeks
of exposure. Animals were exposed to 1 part exhaust
diluted by 13 parts clean air for 20 hr/day, 7 days/
week. Lung function, electrocardiogram, growth rate,
and hlstopathology were assessed following exposure.
After 4 weeks, animals exposed to irradiated exhaust,
showed a 35% Increase In pulmonary air flow resist-
ance, and a small but significant decrease In heart
rate. Necropsy, after 8 weeks, showed exhaust ex-
posed animals to have black discoloration of the lungs
and increased lung to body weight ratios. Microscopic
examination of the lungs from these animals revealed
black paniculate material In the cytoplasm of alveolar
macrophages and in draining lymph nodes.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Air pollu-
tion, Exhaust gases, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals,
December 1983 1063
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Histology, Exposure, Reprints, Diesel engine exhaust,
'Air pollution effects(Animals), Toxic substances.
PB81-184772 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Distributional Kinetics of NI2(+) In the Rat
Lung. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
S. J. Williams, K. M. Holden, M. Sabransky, and D. B.
Menzel. 7 Apr 80,10p EPA-600/J-80-073
Grant EPA-R-806337
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 55, p85-
931980.
The kinetics of removal of Ni2(+) from the airways of
the rat lung was studied in vivo and ex vivo. The uptake
of Ni2(+) from the vasculature was investigated ex
vivo. For ex vivo studies, the isolated, ventilated, and
perfused lung (IVPL) was prepared using negative
pressure ventilation and was perfused with Krebs-Hen-
seleit buffer solution at 37C. Rates of removal of
Ni2(+) from the airways were determined following In-
tratracheal instillation of 1,10, or 127 nmol 63NICI2 in
100 micro-liters of isotonic sucrose. The Ni2(+) re-
maining in the lung was calculated from the 63Ni2(+)
activity which appeared in the perfusate. Ex vivo stud-
ies revealed a concentration dependent alteration in
lung permeability which was not observed in vivo. Also
the rate of removal of Ni2(+) from the airways was in-
hibited by the presence of Ca2(+) and Mg2(+) in the
perfusate. Uptake of Ni2(+) from the vasculature was
studied in the IVPL supplied with NICI2 at 0.01,0.1,1.0,
and 10 micromole/mm. The net rate of Ni2(+) varied
with the supply rate and did not appear to be saturable.
A two-compartment model described the efflux of
Ni2(+) from the vasculature. These studies suggest
that the airways of the mammalian lung are largely im-
permeable to inhaled Ni2(+) in the presence of phys-
iologic concentrations of divalent cations, while uptake
from the vasculature is relatively rapid.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Kinetics, 'Lung, Rats, Air routes,
Concentration(Composition), In vivo analysis, Re-
prints.
PB81-184780 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Single-Breath Diffusing Capacity and Lung Vol-
umes In Small Laboratory Mammals. Journal arti-
cle,
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Jun Takezawa, Fred J. Miller, and John J. O'Neil. Jun
80,9p EPA-600/J-80-249
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 48(6), p1052-1059
1980.
The authors measured the single-breath diffusing ca-
pacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), total lung
capacity(TLC), functional residue capacity(FRC), and
residual volume(RV) in anesthetized male hamsters,
rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits whose weights varied
from 40 to 3,500g. TLC (defined as an airway pressure
of 25 cmH20) was calculated by neon dilution. The
DLco was estimated by a modification of the single-
breath method. There was a high correlation between
body weight and the measurement of both the diffus-
ing capacity and the lung volumes. No significant dif-
ference in DLco was observed in rats when measured
In different body positions, at airway pressures of 10 or
20 cmH20, from FRC or RV, in male or female rats, or
following hyperventilation.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Lung, 'Laboratory
animals, Capacity, Diffusion, Mammals, Residues,
Comparative physiology, Hamsters, Rats, Guinea pigs,
Rabbits, Body weight, Hyperventilation, Reprints.
PB81-184798 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Toxlclty of Copper to Cutthroat Trout ('Salmo
clarkl') under Different Conditions of Alkalinity,
pH, and Hardness. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Charles Chakoumakos, Rosemarie C. Russo, and
Robert V. Thurston. Apr 81, 9p EPA-600/J-79-122
Grant EPA-R-800861
Prepared in cooperation with Maine Univ. at Farming-
ton, ME. Dept. of Chemistry. Pub. in Environmental
Science and Technology, v13 213p Fob 79.
1064 Vol. 83, No. 26
Median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) values for
acute copper toxicity to 3-10 g cutthroat trout (Salmo
clarki) have been determined for nine different combin-
ations of alkalinity, hardness, and pH. Equilibrium cal-
culations were performed on the copper LC50 values;
seven different soluble species of copper were consid-
ered: Cu2 + , CuOH + , Cu(OH)20, Cu2-(OH)22 + ,
CuHCO3 + , CuHCC-30, and Cu(C03)22-. The acute
toxicity of copper was inversely correlated with water
hardness and alkalinity. At a given alkalinity, hardness
determined the LC50; at a given hardness, alkalinity
determined the LC50. At a given alkalinity and hard-
ness, the concentrations of the copper species were
determined by the pH of the water. Under the condi-
tions tested, Cu2 + , CuOH + , Cu(OH)20, and
Cu2(OH)22+ were toxic forms of copper to cutthroat
trout; CuHCO3+, CuCOSO and cu(CO3)22- were not
toxic. Results of 11 96-h copper toxicity bioassays on
1- to 26-g rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) under uni-
form water chemistry conditions also reported.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Toxicology, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Fishes, pH, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
Salmo clarki, Cutthroat trout, Rainbow trout, Salmo
gairdneri, 'Heavy metals.
PB81-184806 PC A02/MF A01
Modeling the Ames Test. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Andrew G. Stead, Victor Hasselblad, John P. Creason,
and Larry Claxton. 15 Aug 80,16p EPA-600/J-80-062
Pub. in Mutation Research 85, p13-27 1981.
Despite the value and widespread use of the Ames
test, little attention has been focused on standardizing
quantitative methods of analyzing these data. In this
paper, a realistic and statistically tractable model is de-
veloped for the evaluation of Ames-type data. The
model assumes revertant colony formation at any
dose follows a Poisson process while the mean
number of revertants per plate is a nonlinear function
of up to 4 parameters. An exponential decay term can
be included in the model to adjust for toxicity. The re-
sultant system of nonlinear equations is solved using a
modified Gauss-Newton iterative scheme to obtain
maximum likelihood estimates of the model param-
eters. Significance of the key parameters is tested by
fitting reduced models and using likelihood ratio tests.
The model's performance is demonstrated on data
from organic extracts of various environmental con-
taminants. Among the advantages of the proposed
model are (1) no data is discarded in the parameter es-
timation process, (2) no arbitrary constants need to be
added to zero counts or doses and (3) no mathemati-
cal transformation of the data is required.
Keywords: 'Models, 'Tests, Data processing, Toxicity,
Evaluation, Reprints, 'Ames test, Analytical methods.
PB81-184814 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Upper Yellowstone River, Montana: Macrolnverte-
brate Distribution and Water Analysis 1973-1974.
Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert V. Thurston, Robert J. Luedtke, and Rosemarie
C. Russo. Apr 81,13p EPA-600/J-76-107
Grant EPA-R-800861
Pub. in Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sci-
ences 36, p37-49 1976. See also PB-248 072.
Macroinvertebrate and water chemistry samples were
taken at seven stations in the Yellowstone River be-
tween August 1973 and August 1974. The stations
were located between Gardiner and Laurel, Montana.
Macroinvertebrate samples were collected on six, and
water chemistry samples on eight occasions, at 1-2
month intervals, throughout the year. The chemical
analyses data show no water quality degradation; all
concentrations were well below levels considered to
be harmful to aquatic organisms. The observed differ-
ences in the macroinvertebrate community are be-
lieved to be attributable to ecological factors other
than water chemistry.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic animals, 'Waterquality,
'Yellowstone River, Monitoring, Abundance, Insects,
Temperature, pH, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen, Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, Montana, Reprints, Species diversity.
PB81-184947 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Feasibility of Identifying Mystery Oil Spills.
Final rept.,
Maine Dept. of Environmental Protection, Augusta.
Bureau of Water Quality Control.
Gardner S. Hunt, Dana W. Mayo, and Donald B.
Horton. Apr 81,86p EPA-600/2-81 -060
Grant EPA-R-801006
Prepared in cooperation with Bowdoin Coll., Bruns-
wick, ME., and Research Inst. of the Gulf of Maine,
Portland.
Several off-the-shelf passive tagging techniques for
identifying the origin of mystery oil spills were evaluat-
ed to determine the viability of enforcement provisions
of Maine's Oil Conveyance Law. Duplicating the oper-
ating conditions experienced during every-day marine
terminals activities, ship's samples of all crude oil ship-
ments received during 15 day intervals in Portland
(Maine) Harbor were collected. Selected samples from
those collected during a test interval were subjected to
artificial spills in 500 gallon tanks exposed to outdoor,
sea-side ambient conditions experienced in Portland,
Maine. Subsamples of each artificial spill were taken
during the 15 day test interval to determine the effect
of weathering. Attempts were made to match weath-
ered unknowns to collections of known oil containing
the 'mystery' oil. Several passive tagging techniques
were used such as the comparison of high resolution
and low resolution gas chromatography, vanadium-
nickel ratios, sulfur nitrogen ratios, and infrared spec-
tra. Successes, failures, and limitations of the passive
tagging methods are discussed.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Chemical analysis, Identifi-
cation, Marking, Crude oil, Weathering, Chromatogra-
phic analysis, Vanadium, Nickel, Ratios, Sulfur, Nitro-
gen, Feasibility, Comparison, Marine, Infrared spec-
troscopy, 'Oil spills.
PB81-184962 PC AOS/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section 3001. Criteria for
Identifying Characteristics of Hazardous Waste
(40 CFR 261.10); Criteria for Listing Hazardous
Waste (40 CFR 261.11); Petitions to Amend Part
261 to Exclude a Waste Produced at a Particular
Facility (40 CFR 260.22). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington^, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr80,92pMS-1941.22
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document describes the basis and
purpose that EPA used in establishing final (1) criteria
for identifying characteristics of hazardous waste, (2)
criteria for listing hazardous waste, and (3) procedures
for delisting hazardous wastes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation Recovery Act regulations, 'Solid
wastes, Listings.
PB81-184988 PC A04/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section 3001. Reactivity
Characteristic (40 CFR 261.23). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May80,69pMS-1941.25
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document explains how EPA iden-
tified reactivity as a hazardous waste characteristor.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations,
Chemical compounds, Stability, 'Resource Conserva-
tion Recovery Act regulations, 'Solid wastes, Listings.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-185001 PC AOS/MF A01
Standard* Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and DIs-
POMl Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004. Interim Status Standards tor Surface Im-
poundments (40 CFR 265.220). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
O^e of Solid Waste.
Apr80,95pMS-1941.19
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tors represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers standards appli-
cable to hazardous waste management facilities, spe-
cifically, it concerns standards for surface impound-
ments, with 'Interim Status'-that is, they were in exist-
ence on November 19,1980 (the effective date of reg-
ulations) have notified EPA of their activities and have
applied for a permit, which has not yet been proc-
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Hazardous materials, Man-
agement planning, Standards, 'Resource Conserva-
tion Recovery Act regulations.
PBai-185019 PC A06/MF A01
wwrtlflcatlon and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section 3001. Hazardous
Wuto from Discarding of Commercial Chemical
Products and the Containers and Spill Residues
Thereof (40 CFR 261.33). Background document.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
OH ice of Solid Waste.
May80.110pMS-1941.27
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
j!?n Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Jl-onservatlon and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
«pns represent the Initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document explains the basis for
regulations concerning discarded commercial prod-
ucts. Commercial chemical products or manufacturing
chemical intermediates are divided Into two catego-
ries: those which are acutely hazardous and subject to
stringent exclusion levels; and those which are hazard-
ous and which are regulated in the same manner as
°™r hazardous wastes. These regulations concern
commercial chemical products and associated off-
•Pecification chemical products, spill cleanup resi-
oues, and debris. For acutely hazardous chemical, the
regulations also cover containers and inner liners
which contained the acutely hazardous chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Regulations, Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Resource conservation recovery act
regulations, 'Solid wastes, 'Liquid wastes, Listings.
fBBI-186027 PC A08/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001. EP Toxlclty
Characteristic (40 CFR 261.24). Background docu-
ment
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 80,172pMS-1941.26
This document Is one of a series providing support lor
regulations issued by the U.S. Envlronmentarprotec-
£>n Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
Jtons represent the initial effort for nationwide control
o> hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
Jjate disposal. This document explains how EPA Iden-
tified extraction procedure toxicity as a hazardous
charateristlc.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Toxic-
S'. Chemical compounds, 'Resource Conservation
Recovery Act regulations, 'Toxic substances, 'Solid
*astes. Listings
PB81-18S118 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Use and Limitations of In-Stack Impactors. Final
rept.,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Dale A. Lundgren, and W. David Balfour. Feb 80,126p
EPA-600/2-80-048
Grant EPA-R-803692
A systematic evaluation of the operating parameters
for four commercially available in-stack cascade im-
pactors was carried out with polydisperse test aero-
sols. Test aerosols used were polystyrene latex
spheres, uranine, sodium chloride, dioctyl-phthalate,
or dinonyl phthalate. The effect upon the apparent
measured size distribution of each polydisperse test
aerosol was noted for various gas sampling rates (flow
rates), types of Impactor collection surfaces (glass
fiber, uncoated aluminum, and aluminum coated with
silicone), stage loadings and Interstage losses. Collec-
tion surfaces were further characterized as to their
weight loss during exposure to elevated temperatures
and their tendency to be blown off by an impinging |et
of air. Measurements revealed that Interstage losses
may amount to 30% of the total collected mass; how-
ever, there is little effect upon the apparent measured
size distribution when these losses are ignored. The
useful range of flow rates available for the impactors
was defined at the lower end by a loss of useful sizing
data and at the upper end by the presence of particle
bounce off the latter stages. In general, the impactors
were found to give similar apparent measured size dis-
tributions when operated at various flow rates within
this useful range. Recommendations were made for:
(1) optimum operation of the Impactor when sampling
various types of aerosols, and (2) accounting for ob-
served or known errors In the data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Aerosols,
Particle size distribution, Performance evaluation, Lab-
oratory equipment, Design criteria, Sampling, Sur-
faces, Coatings, 'Cascade impactors.
PB81-18S563 PC A14/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Methods for Ecological Toxicology. A Critical
Review of Laboratory Muttlapecles Tests. Final
rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab.. TN.
A. S. Hammons. Feb 81,317p' ORNL-5708, EPA
560/11-80-026
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
This document provides a review and evaluation of
laboratory methods for measuring the effects of
chemicals on aquatic and terrestrial population inter-
action and ecosystem properties. The use of mathe-
matical models in ecotoxlcologlcal assessment is also
addressed. More than 450 references are cited and a
bibliography of 700 references is included. Laboratory
tests are evaluated for their potential for standardiza-
tion for use In the ecological hazard and risk assess-
ment processes under the Toxic Substances Control
Act. The criteria used for these evaluations Include
whether or not the tests are: rapid, reproducible, rela-
tively Inexpensive, unequivocal, sensitive, socially and
economically relevant, predictive, generallzable, and
well-developed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ecology, Methodology, Re-
views, Evaluation, Measurement, Mathematical
models, Assessment, Tests, Hazards, Ecosystems,
Toxic Substances Control Act, "Toxic substances.
PB81-185613 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report, Koppers-Totzek Process. Final
rept. Aug 79-Dec 80,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach. CA.
C. A. Zee. J. F. Clausen, and K. W. Crawford. Jan 81,
89p' EPA-600/7-81-009
Contract EPA-68-02-2635
See also PB-243 694.Color Illustrations reproduced In
black and white.
The report gives results of a source test program at a
Koppers-Totzek (K-T) coal gasification plant operated
by AECI, Ltd. at Modderfonteln, Republic ol South
Africa. Much of the effort was focused on wastewater
streams. Wastewater treatment, consisting of a clarifi-
er and settling pond, was adequate to produce a final
discharge that had lower pollutant levels than the fresh
input waters supplied to the plant. The report contains
complete data and describes the K-T process and the
Modderfontein plant.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Water pollution, Indus-
trial water, Industrial waste treatment, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, 'Koppers-Totzek process, Coal
gasification plants, Modderfontein(South Africa).
PB81-185621 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fate of Semlvolatlle Priority Pollutants In a
Wastewater Treatment Plant Final rept. Apr-Sep
80,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
JIIIArV. Meuser, and W. Marcus Gooke. Apr 81,62p
EPA-600/2-81-056
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
This study was designed to measure the removal effi-
ciency of a demonstration wastewater treatment plant
for a series of semivolatile priority pollutants. Twenty-
two representative organic priority pollutants were
continuously dosed Into the Influent side of a dual-
stream demonstration plant at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Test and Evaluation Facility in
Cincinnati, Ohio. These organic pollutants were admin-
istered at an average concentration of 50 ppb (W/V).
Representative aqueous and sludge samples were
taken at several points in the treatment sequence to
study the fates of the added compounds. Wastewater
samples showed the residual pollutant burden carried
forward in each treatment step, and sludge samples
revealed the amount of the organic pollutants retained
In the sludge (or In the case of activated sludge, chemi-
cally altered by the sludge Itself).
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Performance evalua-
tion, Sampling, Design criteria, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Concentratlon(Composltion),
Sludges, Organic compounds, Water analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Tables(Data), Ohio, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Path of pollutants, Cincinnati(Ohlo).
PB81-185639 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Meadowland Natural Treatment Processes In the
Lake Tahoe Basin: A Field Investigation. Final
rept.,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sclenc-
F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, T. S. Mlchaud, and L R.
Williams. Apr 81,191p* EPA-600/4-81-026
Contract EPA-68-03-2619
The report investigates the effectiveness of using nat-
ural meadowlands and wetlands to trap nutrients and
sediments on land from surface and storm water runoff
before they reach Lake Tahoe. Seven systems con-
sisting of four streams and three drainage areas were
studied. The study systems can be divided into those
which remained channelized and those which spread
as sheet flow across meadowlands. In the channelized
systems, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended sediments,
and organic carbon concentrations usually remained
unchanged or Increased from the Inlet to the outlet of
the meadow. The sheet flow systems exhibited reduc-
tions up to 93% of total P, 71% of NH3(-)N, 96% Of
NO2(-)NO3(-)N, 82% of Kleldahl-N, 94% of turbidity,
75% of TOO, 91 % of POC, 91 % of total residue, and
97% of non-flltrable residue. The effectiveness of nu-
trient removal In the functional systems approached
that of conventional tertiary treatment.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution
control, 'Lake Tahoe Basin, Nutrients,
Concentration(Composltlon), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Carbon, Turbidity, Removal, Suspended sediments,
Nevada, California, 'Wetlands, 'Meadowlands.
PB8M86670 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter System Study: Annual Report (2nd).
Rept. for Oct 76-Oct 79,
Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarlllo, TX.
December 1983 1085
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
K. L. Ladd, R. L. Chambers, O. C. Plunk, and S. L.
Kunka. Mar 81,203p* EPA-600/7-81-037,, IERL-
RTP-1150
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
See also PB80-102601.
The report describes the second year's activities of a
comprehensive EPA-funded study of a commercial
fabric filter on a 350-MW low sulfur coal-fired unit at
Southwestern Public Service Company's Harrington
Station, near Amarillo, Texas. Special tests were per-
formed to characterize gaseous and participate emis-
sions, to evaluate fabric performance, and to optimize
the fabric filter system's performance. Tests will con-
tinue. Test results confirmed that the unit can operate
in compliance with the existing New Source Perform-
ance Standard (NSPS) of 0.1 Tb/million Btu. Because
NOx concentrations were consistent at all five sam-
pling locations, NOx will be excluded from future test-
ing. Test results from the stack indicated that the unit
can meet existing NSPS for SO2; results correlated
well with stoichiqmetric calculations. During other
tests: mass emissions of paniculate measured at the
stack ranged from 0.007 to 0.034 Ib/million Btu; aver-
age paniculate collection efficiency was about 99.3%;
the mean particle diameter was 5.4 micrometers at the
stack exit; SO2 emissions were within NSPS of 1.2 Ib/
million Btu; NOx emissions were consistent across the
entire baghouse; and SOS emissions ranged from 0.3
to 3 ppm.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, Air filters, Texas,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Particles, Per-
formance evaluation, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
Electric power plants, "Fabric filters, "Coal fired power
plants, Amarillo(Texas), -• -
Standard, Baghouses.
New Source Performance
PB81-18S696 PC A02/MF A01
'CraMostrea vlrglnlca' a* an Indicator of Cadmi-
um Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Q. E.Zaroogian. Mar 81,12p ERLN-J130, EPA-600/J-
80-236
Pub. injnl. Marine Biology 58, p275-284 1980.
As much as 89,176 and 292 mg Cd per kg dry weights
were accumulated by adult Crassostrea virginica after
treatment for 40 wk with 5,10 and 15 mg Co per kg, re-
spectively, in flowing seawater at ambient salinity and
temperature without mortalities. Cadmium accumula-
tion Increased with increased concentrations of cadmi-
um In seawater; greater amounts were accumulated
during the summer months. At seawater temperature
below 6C cadmium concentrations in the total soft
parts varied significantly between treatments, but not
within treatments. Cadmium concentration in the total
soft parts varied inversely with dry weight, whereas
cadmium content varied directly.
Keywords: "Indicator species, "Oysters, "Cadmium,
Metals, Salinity, Temperature,
Concentration(Composition), Shellfish, Reprints,
"Bioindicators, Crassostrea virginica, Bioaccumula-
tion, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB81-185704 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Organic Contaminants by the
Qrob Closed-Loop-StrlppIng Technique. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. Emile Coleman, Robert G. Melton, Robert W.
Slater, Frederick C. Kopfler, and Stephen J. Voto. Feb
81, 9p EPA-600/J-81-004
Pub. In Jnl. AWWA 73 (2), p119-125 Feb 81.
A modified Grab closed-loop-stripping device is cur-
rently being used to concentrate organic contaminants
from drinking water. The identification and quantifica-
tion of organic contaminants at the nanogram per liter
(part-per-trillion) level are accomplished By a comput-
erized glass capillary gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry system. Applications of closed-loop-stripping
analysis (CLSA) for monitoring water by water utilities,
for studying the use and effects of alternative disinfect-
ants in drinking water, and for providing data on the re-
moval of organic contaminants from water by granular
activated carbon (GAC) treatment are discussed. An
attempt to validate the method using statistical compu-
tations is also included.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Potable water, "Organic
compounds, Concentration composition, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Reprints, 'Grab closed
loop stripping device, "Water pollution detection.
PB81-185712 PC A02/MF A01
Field and Laboratory Methods for Investigating a
Marine Gasoline Spill. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Crandall W. Oimock, James L. Lake, Curtis B.
Norwood, Robert D. Bowen, and Eva J. Hoffman. Mar
81, 5p ERLN-J129, EPA-600/J-80-240
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 14,
P1472-1475 1980. Prepared in cooperation with
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Samples of water and bivalve mollusks were collected
during the 2-day period immediately following a spill of
gasoline in Block Island Sound, Rl, and were analyzed
by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry. These analyses showed gasoline
compounds in the water column at concentrations up
to 20 micrograms/L even though a visible slick was not
present. Additionally, very low levels of hydrocarbons,
which might have originated from the gasoline spill,
were detected in bivalves from the area. The analytical
protocol used for examining these water samples was
carefully evaluated for Its expediency and accuracy in
detecting gasoline compounds in a field sampling situ-
ation. The method proved to be rapid, Introduced only
minimal levels of contamination, and consistently re-
turned 60% of the gasoline compounds. Although It Is
difficult to quantitatively handle volatile organic com-
pounds In a field sampling situation, this study indicat-
ed that a marine gasoline spill could be quickly and ef-
ficiently monitored by using the described methods.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Gasoline, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composltlon), Water pollution, Organic
compounds, Samples, Reprints, 'water pollution de-
tection.
PB81-185720 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of the Water-Accommodated Fraction
of No. 2 Fuel Oil on Energetics of 'Cancer Irrora-
tus' Larvae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. M. Johns, and J. A. Pechenik. Mar 81,10p ERLN-
J133, EPA-600/J-80-241
Pub. in Marine Biology 55, p247-254 1980. Prepared in
cooperation with Tuns Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Bi-
ology.
The influence of the water-accommodated fraction of
No. 2 fuel oil on aspects of larval development of
Cancer irroratus (Say) has been investigated. Rates of
survival, respiration, ingestion and growth were esti-
mated for both oil-treated and untreated larvae. Larvae
reared in oil-treated water exhibited lower survival to
megalopa than did larvae reared in untreated water.
The presence of oil also altered several aspects of
larval energetics. Reductions were seen in food con-
sumption and growth rate while the metabolic cost of
maintenance increased. One overall effect that may
occur as a result of lowered larval survival and growth
rate would be the reduction in larval recruitment in oil-
polluted areas.
Keywords: 'Fuel oil, 'Crabs, "Toxicology, Crustacea,
Larvae, Survival, Respiration, Ingestion(Biology),
Growth, Reprints, Cancer irroratus, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Oil pollution, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-185738 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Mlcroblal Sampling Variables and Recreational
Water Quality Standards. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
Gary R. Brenniman, Saul H. Rosenberg, and Robert L.
Northrop. Apr 81, 9p EPA-600/J-81 -123
Grant EPA-R-804569
Pub. in American Jnl. Public Health 71, p263-289
1981.
A study was conducted at two beaches on Lake Erie to
evaluate the water sampling design for the collection
of several microbiological indicator organisms in rela-
tion to day, time, ana location of collection. The con-
centrations of these organisms were generally found
to vary significantly (P 0.05) by the specific time of day
and day of weekend that collection took place. Howev-
er, the concentrations of these organisms did not vary
significantly (P 0.05) at various locations in the bathing
area. Future studies investigating the health effects of
recreational water as related to microbiological varia-
bles should be designed to collect water samples at
the specific time of day and day of weekend that an in-
dividual was exposed. In addition, sampling at various
locations in the bathing area should probably be con-
sidered for those beaches having poor dispersion of
fecal waste sources.
Keywords: "Lake Erie, "Indicator species, "Water
Suality, "Sampling, Microorganisms,
oncentration(Composition), Recreation, Standards,
Water pollution, Bacteria, Conform bacteria, Reprints,
'Water sampling, Bioindicators.
PB81-186025 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Skeletal Variants as an Indicator of Biological Ef-
fects of Environmental Contaminants,
Wheaton Coll., Norton, MA. Dept. of Biology.
Sidney L Beck. Apr 81,213p EPA-600/1-81-034
Grant EPA-R-805420
The skeletal variant assay system (SVAS) explores the
possible detection of subtle biological effects of in
utero exposure to noxious substances. This was at-
tempted even In the absence of gross malformations
by an examination of a series of variations in develop-
ment of adult skeletons. Several pesticides and a
number of known teratogens were among the tested
compounds. When necessary, toxiclty tests were per-
formed. Eighty-eight variants were selected for the
study, using CD-1 mice. Prenatal studies included fetal
skeletal parameters to provide comparability to terato-
gen studies.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Teratogens, Mice, Musculos-
keletal system, Contaminants, Exposure, Examination,
Detection, Bioindicators, Biological effects, 'Toxic
substances, Environmental health, 'Teratogenesls,
Prenatal.
PB81-186033 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Louisiana, Water Year
1980. Volume 2. Southern Louisiana. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Div.
1980,383p USGS-WDR-LA-80-2, USGS/WRO/HD-
80/025
See also report for 1979, PB80-177579.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report, in three vol-
umes, contains records for water discharge at 75
gaging stations (including stage for 71 of these sta-
tions); stage only for 38 gaging stations and 11 lakes;
contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 124 surface-
water stations (including 34 gaging stations), 107 mis-
cellaneous sites, and 15 lakes, and 268 wells; and
water levels for 506 observation wells. Also included
are data for 271 crest-stage and flood-profile partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Louisi-
ana, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
DischargefWater), Water levels.
PB81-186058 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Evaluation of Sulfur-ln-Fuel OH Regulation Revi-
sion (Rhode Island). Final rept.
Atlantic Environmental Associates, Inc., Waltham, MA.
29 Dec 80,279p EPA-90179-80-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2540
Sponsored in part by Rhode island Dept. of Environ-
mental Management, Providence.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The existing sulfur-in-fuel oil regulations for the state of
Rhode Island limit sulfur content to 1.0 percent for
both area and point sources. In part as a result of this
regulation, the Rhode Island portion of the Metropoli-
tan Providence Interstate Air Quality Control Region
(AQCR) is presently designated as attainment with re-
1066 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
spect to sulfur dioxide (SO2). The chief output of the
study is an assessment of the potential impacts on air
quality with respect to the applicable air pollution regu-
lations (National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration
(PSD) Increments) for each conversion scenario.
Thus, the report provides a technical basis for a poten-
tial amendment to the existing Rhode Island State Im-
plementation Plan (SIP) concerning the sulfur-in-fuel
limitations.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Fuel oil. "Regulations, "Rhode
island, Sulfur dioxide, Air pollution, Sources, Methodol-
ogy, Mathematical models, Standards, "Air pollution
abatement, "Air quality, State implementation plans.
PB81-186694 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Evaluation of Continuous Monitoring System* for
Pressurized Baghouses. Final rept,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
Theodore B. Michaelis. Mar 81,49p" EPA-905/2-81 -
Contract EPA-68-01-4146
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Color il-
lustrations reproduced in black and white.
Pressurized baghouses (PB) are frequently used In
[arge systems for controlling partlculate discharges.
Preliminary tests indicate that there is striation of the
pas streams in baghouse cells, so some equipment
failures may not be registered by continuous opacity
monitoring (COM) equipment. Reliable monitoring de-
pends on a representative gas stream passing the
COM beam, but significant equipment failure can exist
with discharge opacity less than 3%. Many existing
systems could be modified to provide gas blending.
equipment exists which can detect partlculate loading
far below the 3% opacity level, but this equipment
does not relate directly to opacity. Parameters neces-
sary for a successful COM installation In a PB are: the
aas stream must be blended; the COM beam must not
exceed 100 feet; the COM output must be expanded
so that 3% opacity covers a reasonable portion of the
scale; path-length corrections should be permitted
only where there is a difference in measured path
'ength and discharge path length; and the COM beam
should not be affected by external climatic effects.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, "Monitors,
failure analysis, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion. Calibrating, "Baghouses.
PB81-186728 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Turbulence and Pollutant Dispersion
Nnr Roadway*,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
s- Trivikrama Rao, Michael T. Keenan, Gopal Sistla,
and John S. Wilson. Dec 80,142p EPA-600/4-80-054
Grant EPA-R-806017-01
"The major objectives of this investigation are: (1) to de-
termine the time and space scales of the eddies gener-
ated by the traffic, (2) to study the effects of traffic-in-
auced turbulence on the near-field dispersion of pollut-
ants, (3) to evaluate several commonly used highway
a|r pollution dispersion models, and (4) to improve
methods of modeling pollutant dispersion near road-
ways. To this end, meteorological and tracer concen-
tration data from two field experiments, namely, Gen-
eral Motors and New York State, are used.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Roads, "Exhaust emissions,
Mathematical models, Carbon monoxide, Turbulence,
Qraphs(Charts), Tables(Data).
£681-186843 PC A06/MF A01
Special Requirements for Hazardous Waste Gen-
erated by Small-Quantity Generators (40 CFR
$1-5); Identification and Listing of Hazardous
waste Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and
"•covery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001. Back-
wound document.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
0«ice of Solid Waste.
APr80,115pMS-1941.21
Jhls document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers the exclusion of
those generating small quantities of hazardous waste
from the regulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Regulations, "Re-
source Conservation Recovery Act regulations, "Solid
wastes.
PB81-188876 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U. S. Directory of Environmental Sources (4th Edi-
tion). National Focal Point of the United National
Environment Program/International Referral
System for Sources of Environmental Information
(UNEP/INFOTERRA).
United States International Environmental Referral
Center, Washington, DC.
Feb 81,999p" EPA/840-81/011
See also report dated Jan 79, PB-294 950.
A directory of 1,495 United States environmental orga-
nizations (sources) registered with the U.S. National
Focal Point of the United Nations Environment Pro-
gram's International Referral System-INFOTERRA.
Information about each organization Includes address,
telephone number, subject coverage, description of or-
ganization plus Its sponsorship, community of users,
activities, function, this Directory Includes four sec-
tions: Subject attribute listing; Directory of sources; Al-
phabetical listing of registered sources; and Geo-
graphical listing by State and City.
Keywords: "Directories, Subject Indexing, Sources,
States(United States), Urban areas, Organizations,
"Environmental organizations, Listings.
PB81-186942 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Perspective on the Emerging OH
Shale Industry.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
OH.
Dec 80,348p EPA-600/2-80-205A
The report conveys EPA's understanding and per-
spective of oil shale development by providing (a) a
summation of available Information on oil shaL re-
sources, (b) a summary of major air, water, solid waste,
health, and other environmental impacts, (c) a brief
overview of applicable pollution control technology, (d)
suggestions for the sampling, analysis, and monitoring
of emissions, effluents, and solid wastes from oil shale
processes, and (e) suggestions for interim objectives
for emissions, effluents, and solid waste control. The
report provides a brief summary discussion of the envi-
ronmental problems of oil shale development. For the
reader not acquainted with oil shale technology, it also
provides a summation of the major retorting methods
and their probable emissions, effluents, and solid
wastes.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, Oil shale, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Health,
Sampling, Monitoring, Guidelines, Technology, "Oil
shale industry, "Resource development, Health haz-
ards, Pollution control.
PB81-186883 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Construction Noise Control Technology Initia-
tive*. Technical rept. Jul-Sep 80,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
C. W. Patten, W. Benson, J. Kirkland, L. Ronk, and B.
Rudman. Sep 80,225p ORI/TR-1789
Contract EPA-68-01 -6154
Prepared in cooperation with Innovative Systems Re-
search, Inc.
The objective of this report Is to develop construction
noise technology Initiatives which could be implement-
ed by the Technology and Federal Programs Division,
Office of Noise Abatement and Control, U.S. EPA
during the period FY1981-FY1985. The report includes
background information on the impact of construction
noise, actions that have been carried out by Federal,
State and local governments to control construction
equipment and construction site noise, and a forecast
of construction activity for the period 1980-1985. Con-
struction noise technology needs are developed by:
(1) analyzing the noise problems and needs of State
and local governments reported in several EPA spon-
sored surveys; (2) interviews with knowledgeable per-
sons in the Federal government, and (3) a telephone
survey of equipment manufacturers, construction con-
tractors and trade organizations. Technology initiatives
are identified based on the analysis of needs. Project
descriptions for each initiative are included in the Ap-
pendix. The relative priority for implementing each
project is determined using a priority ranking scheme.
Finding and conclusions based on the expressed
needs, the technology initiatives, and the priority for
implementing the technology projects are presented.
Keywords: "Construction equipment, "Noise pollution,
"Noise reduction, Earth handling equipment, Materials
handling equipment, Excavating equipment, Pile driv-
ers, Rock drills, Pneumatic equipment, Technology as-
sessment, Noise levels.
PB81-187197 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effectiveness of Activated Carbon for Removal of
Toxic and/or Carcinogenic Compound* from
Water Supplies. Final rept. Apr 76-Mar 80,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
Water Resources Engineering.
Walter J. Weber, Jr., and Massoud Plrbazari. Apr 81,
392pEPA-600/2-81-057
Grant EPA-R-804369
This research addressed quantification of the perform-
ance of fixed-bed granular activated carbon processes
for treatment of public water supplies. It included eval-
uation of the adsorption of selected toxic and/or carci-
nogenic trace compounds of man-related origin, In-
cluding carbon tetrachloride, benzene, two commer-
cial mixtures of PCB's dleldrin, and p-dichlorobenzene.
The adsorption behavior of the predominant class of
natural organic matter and trihalomethane (THM) pre-
cursor, humic substances, was also characterized.
The Michigan Adsorption Design and Applications
Model (MADAM) was tested and found generally able
to simulate and predict the performance of fixed-bed
adsorbers for removal of the compounds investigated,
with the exception of humic acids.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Activated carbon.
Carbon tetrachloride, Benzene, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Adsorption, Humic acid, Potable water,
Graphs(Charts), Laboratory equipment, Performance
evaluation, "Toxic substances, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Dieldrin, Benzene/dichloro, Organic matter,
Ethane/dichloro.
PB81-187205 PC A1S/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Chemical Spoliation of Flue Gas Oesulfurlzatlon
Sludge Constituents. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Jasenka Vuceta, John P. Woodyard, and James C. S.
Lu. Apr 81,332p EPA-600/2-81-062
Contract EPA-68-03-2471
Prepared In cooperation with Cal Science Research,
Inc., Huntington Beach, CA.
This project addresses the problem of flue gas desul-
furization (FGD) sludge disposal to land. Specifically,
the chemical species of FGD sludge constituents are
thermodynamically modeled using the equilibrium con-
stant approach, in an attempt to predict the constituent
concentrations in fresh and aged FGD wastewaterand
sludge. This method involves solving the stoichiomet-
ric equations of various chemical species, which are
subject to constraints imposed by the equilibrium con-
stants as well as mass balance and charge balance re-
lations. Diagrams, such as Eh-pH plots, ton-ratio plots,
concentrations pH figures, and species distribution fig-
ures, are then used to display the stability field and
speclation results.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Water pollution, Air pol-
lution control, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Chemical compounds, Sulfur oxides, Leaching, Soils,
Solid waste disposal, Graphs(Charts), Ions, pH,
Concentration(Composltion), * Land disposal, Flue gas
disulfurization.
December 1983 1067
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8M87213 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Production and RelMM of Plant Material In
Braeklah and Freshwater Watlanda. Final rept. May
78-May79,
Georgia Univ., Sapelo Island. Marine Inst.
Paul L. Wolf, and Donald Klnsey. Apr 81,79p EPA-
600/3-81-028
Grant EPA-R-80583310
Production, decomposition, and transport of detritus
were investigated in the fresh-water and brackish
water wetlands of the Altamaha River Delta, Georgia
from April 17,1978-April 1979. Maximum live standing
crop biomass of Spartina cynosuroides, a brackish
water marsh plant, was observed in July. Live material
was absent in January. Standing dead material ranged
from a high of 1800 + or - 275 g dry wt sq m in Novem-
ber to a Tow of 158 + or - 57 in March. Net aerial pri-
mary productivity (NAPP) of S. cynosuroides was 2029
g/sq m/yr with no differences in productivities of plots
relative to the distance from the riverbank because of
minimal tidal activity in the entire area. Maximum live
standing crop biomass of Zizaniopsis miliacea, a fresh-
water marsh plant, was observed in October. Rates for
marsh grasses were generally higher in the spring
dropping to a low in fall and winter.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Primary biological pro-
ductivity, 'Altamaha River, Biomass, Fresh water,
Brackish water, Plant residues(Organic), Decomposi-
tion, Seasonal variations, Detritus, Georgia, Spartina
cynosuroides, Zizaniopsis miliacea.
PB81-187221 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Pollution Potential of Coal-Slurry Pipeline*.
Final rept. Jun 77-Dec 80,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Howard S. Peavy, P. W. Jennings, and George A.
Murgel. Apr 81,78p EPA-600/7-81 -082
Grant EPA-R-805176-01
Prepared in cooperation with Stahly and Associates,
Kalispell, MT.
This report characterizes those contaminants associ-
ated with transport waters from coal-slurry pipelines.
This was accomplished through tests using a rotating
bench scale reactor. Tests consisted of coal mixed
with (1) tap water, (2) tap water with additives, (3) syn-
thetic saline water, and (4) synthetic saline water with
additives. Tests were performed for a period of 12
days each. The results of the research will be useful to
pipeline planners and regulatory agencies as a prelimi-
nary tool to assist them with decisions regarding slurry
water quality, water reuse possibilities, and treatment
and utilization options for spent slurry liquids.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Pipeline transportation,
Coal, Metals, Trace elements, Organic compounds.
Carbon compounds, Chemical analysis, Chemical
tests, 'Slurry pipelines.
PB61-187239 PC A06/MF A01
State-of-the-Art Report on Structure-Activity
Methods Development,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Oilman D. Veith. Apr 81,119p EPA-600/3-81-029
The overall objective of this project is to provide the
Agency wtth the technical basis for estimating the tox-
tefty and environmental behavior of organic chemicals
from molecular structure. The project is directed
toward the evaluation of quantitative structure-activity
relationships (QSAR) for use by EPA Program Offices
and toward the development of new data and OSAR
methods to extend the technique to meet Agency
needs. Specifically, the objective of the Structure-Ac-
tivity Project is to develop methods to predict the toxic-
ity, persistence, and treatability of large numbers of un-
tested chemicals using QSAR based on structural,
chemical, and biological properties of representative
reference data bases. Development of QSAR is being
tailored for use in the (1) initial screening of chemicals
under TSCA, (2) development of risk assessment
strategies, (3) prioritizatton of chemicals for Water
Quality Criteria development, and (4) the optimization
of national monitoring programs for toxic chemicals.
Thte report summarizes the progress during the first six
months of the project The report provides a literature
review and perspective for applying structure-activity
methods to aquatic toxloMy of industrial chemicals. Ex-
perimental work centered on developing methods for
estimating molecular descriptors such as log P and
connectivity indexes and on the development of a sys-
tematic structure-activity data base for aquatic toxicity.
A new program for entering structures into a computer
and calculating connectivity indexes is discussed. A
general model for predicting 96 hour LC50 for narcotic
chemicals is presented.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Molecular struc-
ture, 'Toxicity, Environmental surveys, Mathematical
models, Information systems, Water pollution, Monitor-
ing, Assessments, 'Toxic substances, 'Quantitative
structure activity relationship, State of the art, Numeri-
cal solution, Water quality.
PB81-187247 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Evaluation of a Swirl Degrltter at Tamworth,
New South Walea, Australia. Final rept.,
Shelley (G.J.), Cammeray (Australia).
G. J. Shelley, P. B. Stone, and A. J. Cullen. Apr 81,
104pEPA-600/2-81-063
Grant EPA-R-806746
This field evaluation program was initiated with the
overall objective of providing information on the be-
haviour of a full scale swirl degritter designed and con-
structed in accordance with the shapes and propor-
tions developed during model studies. The swirl degrit-
ter was designed for the pre-treatment of river water
prior to its entrance into the rising main in order to
reduce wear and tear on the raw water pumps and also
to reduce the solids loading of the rising main and that
of the balance tank of the water treatment works. Re-
sults of the solids removal had been evaluated in
terms of three parameters: solids larger than 0.2 mm -
the classical size aimed at in grit chambers -, solids
larger than 0.088 mm and total settleable solids. The
field evaluation tests carried out at Tamworth, New
South Wales, Australia, prove the validity of the system
interms of its hydraulic efficiency.
Keywords: 'Grit chambers, 'Sewage treatment, Per-
formance evaluation, Flow rate, Prototypes, Grit re-
moval, Efficiency, Pumps, Design, Sampling, Cost
analysis, Graphs(Charts), Australia, Storm water
runoff.
PB81-187254 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Cropping Systems for Treatment and Utilization
of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge. Final rept.
Jun 77-May 80,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Crop and
Soil Sciences.
B. G. Ellis, A. E. Erickson, L. W. Jacobs,, J. E. Hook,
and B. D. Knezek. Apr 81,207p EPA-600/2-81 -065
Grant EPA-R-805270
The efficiency of nitrogen stripping by intercropping
forages with corn is evaluated in a three-year study at
Muskegon County Wastewater Treatment Facility in
Michign. Corn is grown as the major cash crop at the
Muskegon treatment facility, but experience has
shown that corn is not efficient in removing nitrogen
from applied wastewater except during a few short
weeks during its growing season. Studies were de-
signed to evaluate the improved nitrogen removal for
the entire irrigation season when corn is no-till planted
in a number of selected forage crops. In addition to ni-
trogen stripping studies, sludge compatibility and
metal contaminated sludge studies were evaluated to
determine the feasibility of applying sludge to land
which is being used in a wastewater treatment system.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Nitrogen, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Irrigation, Corn plants, Removal, Inorganic
nitrates, Metals, Leaching, Ground water, Soil proper-
ties, Cation exchanging, Plant tissues, Michigan,
'Land application, Sewage Irrigation, 'Nitrogen strip-
ping.
PB81-187262 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Joint Dry/Wet Weather Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater at Ctatskanle, Oregon. Final rept. Jul
78-Sep80.
Whiteley-Jacobsen and Associates, Portland, OR.
Arthur H. Benedict, and Vernon L. Roelfs. Apr 81,117p
EPA-600/2-81-061
Grant EPA-R-806003
This report describes the two year plant scale evalua-
tion of physical and biological processes used for joint
treatment of dry weather and storm generated sanitary
sewer flow. The project was conducted in Clatskanle,
OR at the City's new joint dry/wet weather sewage
treatment plant. The purpose of the project was to re-
search and define the performance capability of the
new plant for potential nation-wide application.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Municipalities, Sewers, Overflows, Fluid infiltra-
tion, Performance evaluation, Flotation, Clarification,
Weather, Storms, Design, Cost effectiveness, Oregon,
'Air flotation, Clatskanie(Oregon).
PB81-187270 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of PCB Destruction Efficiency In an In-
dustrial Boiler Audit Report. Final rept. Aug-Sep
80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. F. Collins, and G. F. Hunt. Apr 81,35p* EPA-600/2-
81-055B
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
The report gives results of systems audits and an eval-
uation of the quality of data obtained by GM and GCA
in the analysis of a test burn oil for PCB conducted by
Research Triangle Institute. Audits included inspection
of documentation and records, discussion of analytical
methodology and data with personnel of the organiza-
tion being audited, and independent data reduction.
The analytical data reported by GM and GCA were
subsequently confirmed by separate analyses by
EPA's Health Effects Research Laboratory (RTP) and
are reported in Appendix A.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Auditing, 'Boilers, Chlorine
organic compounds. Flue gases, Performance evalua-
tion, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Michigan, 'Polychlc-
rinated biphenyls, Bay City(Michigan).
PB81-187288 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Oil Shale Retort Wastewater
Treatment and Control Technology: Phase* I and
II. Final rept. May 79-Mar 80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. R. Klieve, G. D. Rawlinss, and J. R. Hoeflein. Apr 81,
100p EPA-600/7-81-081
Contract EPA-68-03-2801
Oil shale retorting is a synthetic fuel production tech-
nology on the verge of commercialization in the United
States. In order to ensure that the emerging oil shale
industry will have minimal adverse effects upon sur-
face and/or groundwater where recoverable reserves
of oil shale are found, demonstrated technologies to
upgrade oil shale wastewaters must be available to de-
velopers. To this end, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has contracted with Monsanto Research
Corporation to conduct a three-year, five-phased study
to: (1) summarize known information concerning oil
shale retort wastewater sources and characteristics;
(2) identify potentially applicable control technologies
capable of treating the identified wastewater streams;
and (3) design, construct, and operate pilot-plant facili-
ties to evaluate the selected technologies. This report
presents results of Phases I and II, in which literature
and other information sources were surveyed to obtain
relevant data about oil shale retorting technologies,
wastewater sources and characteristics, potential
wastewater uses, and potentially applicable treatment
technologies. As a result of the study, data gaps were
identified, and recommendations for bench-scale
treatability studies were made.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Oil shale, Tech-
nology, Assessments, Industrial waste treatment, Sur-
face water, Ground water, Design criteria, Process
charting.
PB8M876SO PCA08/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1068 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparison of Static-Replacement and Flow-
Through Bloassays Using Duckweed, 'Lemna
Bibbs' G-3. Final rept.,
Breedlove Associates, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
John A. Davis. Jan 81,106p EPA-560/6-81-003
Contract EPA-68-01-5776
Static-replacement and flow-through tests were con-
ducted using CuSO4.5H20, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and
o-cresol to determine it they gave similar LCSO's and
ECso's lor duckweed, Lemna gibba G-3. Static-re-
placement tests also were conducted using ethylene
mco\ and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Mortality, repro-
duction, dry weight, and root length were used to
measure effect levels of the toxicants. LCSO's and
tCSO's were calculated using quadratic regression
with log transformation of the independent variable
(concentration) and with several different transforma-
tions for the dependent variables. ANOVA's were used
to test for differences between the two types of tests,
tests within types, and replicates within tests. A proce-
dure also was provided for estimating the number of
jests and replicates necessary to obtain confidence
limns within a given percentage of the mean. Mortality
and reproduction produced the best results. The high-
est variation occurred among tests, regardless of type,
and the smallest variation was generally within tests
(i.e. among replicates). Therefore, the best allocation
of resources would be to replicate static-replacement
lasts in time, using four replicates per test.
>rds: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Comparison, Mor-
Reproduction(Biology), Data processing, Cost
analysis, Cresols, Chlorine organic compounds, Ethyl-
ene glycol, Duckweed, Lemna gibba, *Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Copper
sulfate, TCP 2-4-6 herbicide, Phenol/trichloro, Phthalic
acld/b!s(ethylhexyl-ester).
{•B81-187728 PC A03/MF A01
gata Summary Tables on the Effects of Specific
Maintenance types on the Emissions from In-Use
Light Duty Vehicles Falling Idle Test Outpoints.
Technical rept,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
°avid Brzezinski. Dec 80,28p EPA-AA-IMS-80/11
The tables in this report were compiled from data se-
lected from the computer data records from several
testing programs. Except In the Portland Study NOx
Analysis Tables, only vehicles which received at least
one repair and retest sequence were selected from the
tasting programs for summary in this report. No effort
™as made to create a sample which would contain a
specific mix of model years or vehicle types. Caution
would be used In extrapolating any measured
cnanges from this report to real world changes which
Wit oe observed in an in-use fleet. Vehicles which
a'd not receive all test sequences in programs with
more than one repair and retest step have had their
"rnlssion levels from their previous test sequence car-
Jjed forward to any missing test sequence. This re-
flects the fact that the repair in the missing sequence
was not judged as necessary in the testing program
and therefore the previous test sequence would repre-
sent the properly 'repaired' emission levels of that ve-
nicie for the missing test sequence.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Maintenance, 'Exhaust
efrosions, Inspection, Fuel consumption, Statistical
"ata, Carburetors, 'Light duty vehicles.
£881-187742 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity:
^•clay Mine and Refractory Plant,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
vernon E. Andrews. Feb 81,41 p ORP/LVF-81 -1
Atmospheric emissions of naturally occurring radioac-
™y«y were measured at a fireclay mine and the associ-
ated plant that produces refractory brick products. The
°niy significant radioactive emission from the mine
*as radon-222. An analysis of the ore radioactivity and
surface area of the mine indicated that the radon re-
"aaaed is comparable to that from any similar surface
«ea of similar radioactivity. The major paniculate ra-
aioactivity from the refractory operation was polonium-
flu, released as the brick was fired. Approximately 26
Percent of the polonlum-210 in green brick was driven
°«in the kilns.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Fireclay refractor-
•e*. 'Airborne wastes, Underground mining, Mine
gases, Uranium isotopes, Thorium isotopes, Polonium
210, Bricks, Radon 222, Newell(West Virginia).
PB81-187783 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD (Flue Gas Desulf urlzatlon) Survey:
October - December 1980. Volume I. Categorical
Summaries of FGD Systems. Quarterly rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, N. Gregory, and K. Scalf. Jan 81,
353p EPA-600/7-81 -012A
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also Volume 2, PB81-187791.
This report is the first full compilation (not a supple-
ment) since the October-December 1979 report (EPA-
600/7-80-029a). Because the next three reports are to
be supplements, this issue should be retained for ref-
erence throughout the year. The report, which is gen-
erated by a computerized data base system, presents
a survey ol operational and planned domestic utility
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, terminated do-
mestic utility FGD systems, operational domestic parti-
cle scrubbers, ana Japanese coal-fired utility boiler
FGD installations. It summarizes information contribut-
ed by the utility industry, process suppliers, regulatory
agencies, and consulting engineering firms. Domestic
FGD systems are tabulated alphabetically by develop-
ment status (operational, under construction, or in
planning stages), utility company, process supplier,
process, an waste disposal practice. It presents data
on boiler design, FGD system design, fuel characteris-
tics, and actual performance. It includes unit by unit
dependability parameters and discusses problems and
solutions associated with the boilers and FGD sys-
tems. Process flow diagrams and FGD system eco-
nomic data are appended. Section 3 of this report, be-
cause of its length, appears in Volume IIPB81-187791.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Boilers,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Flue gases,
Surveys, 'Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuri-
zation.
PB81-187791 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Survey:
October - December 1980. Volume II. Design and
Performance Data for Operational FGD Systems.
Quarterly rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, N. Gregory, and K. Scalf. Jan 81,
739p EPA-600/7-81-012B
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also Volume 1, PB81-187783.
This report is the first full compilation (not a supple-
ment) since the October-December 1979 report (EPA-
600/7-80-029a). Because the next three reports are to
be supplements, this issue should be retained for ref-
erence throughout the year. The report, which is gen-
erated by a computerized data base system, presents
a survey of operational and planned domestic utility
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, terminated do-
mestic utility FGD systems, operational domestic parti-
cle scrubbers, ana Japanese coal-fired utility boiler
FGD installations. It summarizes information contribut-
ed by the utility Industry, process suppliers, regulatory
agencies, and consulting engineering firms. Domestic
FGD systems are tabulated alphabetically by develop-
ment status (operational, under construction, or In
planning stages), utility company, process supplier,
process, and waste disposal practice. It presents data
on boiler design, FGD system design, fuel characteris-
tics, and actual performance. It includes unit by unit
dependability parameters and discusses problems and
solutions associated with the boilers and FGD sys-
tems. Process flow diagrams and FGD system eco-
nomic data are appended. Because of Its length, Sec-
tion 3 of this report is published as a separate volume;
the remainder of the report Is in Volume I PB81-
187783. The report Front Matter and Appendices B, C,
and D are repeated here to assist the reader.
PB81-187890 PC AOS/MF A01
Identification and Ustlng of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section 3001. Ignltabllity
Characteristic (40 CFR 261.21). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Off ice of Solid Waste.
2May80,89pMS-1941.23
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document explains how EPA iden-
tified ignitability as a hazardous waste characteristic.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Igni-
tion, 'Resource Conservation Recovery Act regula-
tions, Solid wastes, Listings.
PB81-188021 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
The Trl-Met Quiet Transit Bus Project A Case
Study. Technical rept. Apr 79-Dec 80,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Reynold Greenstone, and William Benson. Dec 80,
122pORI/TR-1849
Contract EPA-68-91-5040
SeealsoPB80-226103.
»
This report details the cooperative activities of a
number of agencies at the Federal, State and local
levels both to improve downtown transit-bus service
and to reduce the noise associated with that service.
Starting from a baseline of 80 dBA a reduction of about
4 dBA nas been achieved, and the reduction involved
only the use of 'operationally acceptable' noise treat-
ments. Additional quieting seems attainable with appli-
cation of advanced technology concepts. 'Operation-
ally acceptable' in the context of this study means
noise treatments that the management of Tn-Met ac-
cepted as not having a detrimental effect on mainte-
nance. For those Portland buses that had 80 dBA
noise levels initially, the operationally acceptable noise
treatment will give a reduced noise level of 76 dBA.
Keywords: 'Urban transportation, 'Transportation
noise, *Buses(Vehicles), Noise pollution, Noise reduc-
tion, Modification kits, Economic assistance, Technol-
ogy innovation, Urban planning, Urban development.
PB81-188138 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Demonstration of a Long Range Tracer System
Using Perfluorocarbons,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD. Air Resources Labs.
Gilbert J. Ferber, Kosta Telegadas, Jerome L. Heffter,
C. Ray Dickson, and Russell N. Dietz. Jan 81,105p
EPA-600/7-81-006
Prepared in cooperation with Brookhaven National
Lab., Upton, NY., and Department of Energy, New
York. Environmental Measurements Lab. Errata sheet
inserted.
Regional-scale tracer experiments are needed to vali-
date atmospheric dispersion aspects of air pollution
models. The capability of a new system, using perfluor-
ocarbon tracers (PFTs), for long-range dispersion ex-
periments at reasonable cost, was demonstrated in
two experiments. Two PFTs were released simulta-
neously with SF6 and two heavy methanes. The PFT
system uses automatic sequential samplers and pro-
vides rapid, inexpensive analyses down to .002 ppt.
PFT concentrations were measured 600 km away, up
to three days after release. Performance of the PFT
system was excellent and a very consistent set of
tracer data was obtained.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Boilers,
Keywords: 'Fluorine organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Transport properties, Atmospheric diffusion,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Flue gases, Sampling, Concentration(Composltion), Tables(Data),
Surveys, 'Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuri- Graphs(Charts), 'Tracer studies, 'Air pollution sarrt-
zation.
pling, Path of pollutants.
December 1983 1069
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-188161 PC A06/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001. 'Degree of
Hazard' as an Approach to Defining and Managing
Hazardous Wastes. Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,109p*MS-1941,20
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document deals with the subject of
'degree of hazard,' which says that hazardous wastes
can be defined and grouped according to their degree
of hazard (or level of risk to public health and the envi-
ronment) and that management standards can be writ-
ten defining management requirements corresponding
to wastes of different degrees of hazard.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Hazardous materials,
Standards, Management planning, 'Resource Conser-
vation Recovery Act regulations.
PB81-188344 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume II. Fishes and Macro-Crusta-
ceans/BlofoulIng Communities. Technical memo.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
B. J. Gallaway. Nov 80,115p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-
48, NOAA-81021102
See also Volume 1, PB81-157778. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Prepared in cooperation with LGL Ecological Re-
search Associates, Inc., Bryan, TX.
Environmental and ecosystem alterations associated
with the development and release of contaminants
from an active gas and oil field were found to have
been primarily related to the presence of the structures
and the discharge of produced water. The presence of
the structures contributed to turbulent mixing, and al-
lowed for the development of a rich and diverse bio-
fouling community. The resulting artificial reefs were
found to serve as points of aggregation for reef fishes
as well as species which prey upon them. The pro-
duced waters contained low levels of contaminants
and were toxic at varying degrees to all organisms
tested. The effects of the recreational fisheries associ-
ated with petroleum platforms in the Gulf on the stocks
of red snapper appear to represent a major area of
concern.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Ecology, 'Fisher-
ies, 'Water pollution, Mexico Gulf, Offshore structures,
Environmental impacts, Marine fishes, Crustacea,
Bacteria, Benthos, Fouling organisms, Abundance,
Food habits, Oil fields, Biomass, Reefs, Outer conti-
nental shelves, Baseline studies, Species diversity.
PB81-188351 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
Oil Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume IV. Current Patterns and Hy-
drography of the Buccaneer Field and Adjacent
Waters. Technical memo.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
R. S. Armstrong. Nov 80,63p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-
60.NOAA-81021103
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report presents a synthesis of results from four
years of Investigations in the Hydrodynamics Work
Unit of the Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study. Goals
of the Work Unit have been to describe the hydro-
graphic conditions and circulation in and around the
Buccaneer Field and to model the transport and dis-
persion of potential contaminants that may have been
introduced into the marine environment from petrole-
um operations In the Buccaneer Field.
Keywords: 'Ocean currents, 'Water pollution, 'Mexico
Gulf, Crude oil, Oil wells, Dispersing, Circulation, Hy-
drodynamics, Sediments, Baseline studies, Path of
pollutants, Oil spills.
PB81-188542 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of Parameters of Filtration on Dust Clean-
Ing Fabrics. Final rapt. 1976-79,
Institute of Industry of Cement Building Materials,
Opole (Poland).
Jan R. Koscianowski, Lidia Koscianowska, Eugeniusz
Szczepankiewicz, Bronislaw Werynski, and Stanislaw
Bethke. Mar81,466p' EPA-600/7-81-028
See also PB-251 145.
The report summarizes 4 years of laboratory and large-
scale tests on the dust filtration process and the basic
filtration parameters that determine performance.
Physical parameters describing fabric and dust cake
structure were defined and three basic dust filtration
mechanisms were considered: selective precipitation,
inertia! sedimentation, and diffusion. From test results
of two Polish polyester fabrics filtering separated fly
ash, three-dimensional probabilistic models of dust
collection efficiency and filtration resistance were in-
troduced. Also developed was a general filtration
model, based on random field theory, that included full
mathematical augmentation. The effect of electrostat-
ic phenomena on dust filtration was examined in an at-
tempt to define its influence. Study conclusions includ-
ed: (1) air flow through a clean fabric and the dust filtra-
tion process are normal stochastic processes; (2) dust
filtration is a specific dry filtration process, differing
from the air filtration process or the nigh-efficiency air
filtration process; (3) dust collection efficiency during
the dust filtration process depends on three basic fil-
tration mechanisms related to the aerosol particle size
distribution; and (4) woven filtration matenals are het-
erogenous and anistropic media characterized by peri-
odic structure that, at high face velocity values exhibit
transition region flow of Kl.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Dust fil-
ters, Performance evaluation, Fabrics, Polyester
fibers, Electrostatic charge, Mathematical models, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particles,
'Fabric filters.
PB81-188575 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory Inter-
comparison Studies Program: Fiscal Year 1980-
1981. Interim rept. 1980-81,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Arthur B. Jarvis, and Leonard Siu. Feb 81,24p EPA-
600/4-81-004
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's intercom-
parison studies program for laboratories involved in
environmental radiation measurements is described.
The types of environmental samples distributed, the
analyses required for each sample, the distribution
schedule, and the statistical analysis and reporting of
results are discussed. Instructions and application
forms are included for laboratories desiring to partici-
pate in the program.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, Laboratories,
Monitoring, Quality control, Milk, Food, Water supply,
Sampling, Accuracy, Statistical analysis, Instructions,
Samples, Concentration(Compositlon).
PB81-188757
PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the Applicability of Inspection/Main-
tenance Tests on a Chevrolet Camaro Z-28. Tech-
nical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Bill Smuda. Dec 80,32p EPA-AA-IMS/80-10
This report presents test results which were gathered
to determine the suitability of existing I/M short tests
on a Chevrolet car with a computer based emission
control system. This car had a microprocessor based
engine control system with a dual bed catalyst. After
suitable baselines were established, various compo-
nents were made inoperative in the emission control
system. Complete FTP, HFET, and I/M tests were run
for each vehicle condition. Also an on-board system di-
agnostic check was performed for each configuration
after the Initial baselines. This report presents the
measured data taken during the tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Inspection, 'Maintenance,
Electronic control, Microprocessors, Exhaust emis-
sions, Air pollution control equipment, Catalytic con-
verters, Diagnosis(General), Chevrolet automobiles,
Chevrolet Camaro Z-28 automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles(1981 models).
PB81-188922 PC A03/MF A01
Recommendations Regarding the Selection of
Idle Emission Inspection Outpoints for Inspection
and Maintenance Programs. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Douglas Noddings. Jan 81,34p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -1
Careful attention should be given when selecting Idle
emission standards (cutpoints) as this choice will
effect several factors of an I/M program. The cutpoints
used will determine how many vehicles fail the emis-
sion test which in turn will determine the cost of incon-
venience to consumers for maintenance as well as the
additional capacity needed to reinspect those failed
vehicles. With stricter cutpoints, more vehicles will be
maintained and the repairs made will result in higher
emission reduction benefits. There is also some poten-
tial for cutpoints to influence the balance between hy-
drocarbon and carbon monoxide reductions. Not all I/
M prgrams will be in areas requiring reductions of both
ozone and CO. Some programs may consider select-
ing outpoint which would achieve acceptable emission
reduction benefits for only one of these pollutants by
failing most or all vehicles for that pollutant (E.G. HC
for ozone) while keeping the total number of failed ve-
hicles constant. For all of these reasons, simply adopt-
ing another area's cutpoints may not be in the best in-
terest of the I/M program if more effective cutpoints
can be found to fulfill the program's emission reduction
needs.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Performance evaluation, Automation, Inspec-
tion, Computer programs, Fortran.
PB81-188930 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Evaluation of Statistical Procedures for Grading
Fuel Efficient Engine Oils. Final rept,
Falcon Research and Development Co., Buffalo, NY.
S. Kaufman, H. T. McAdams, and N. Morse. Nov 80,
78p 3520-2/BUF-40, EPA-460/3-81-012
Contract EPA-68-03-2835
In March 1980 the EPA distributed for industry com-
ment a draft 'EPA Recommended Practice for Evaluat-
ing, Grading, and Labeling the Fuel Efficiency of Motor
Vehicle Engine Oils.' EPA requested Falcon Research
and Development Co. to 'Analyze comments
received...with regard to the recommended statistical
procedure.' As a follow-up effort, Falcon was request-
ed to provide an independent assessment of certain
aspects of the proposed statistical procedure. Particu-
lar areas identified for consideration were: (1) compar-
ative accuracy of carryover and non-carryover effect
procedures, (2) means for encouraging (rewarding) ac-
curate testing, (3) dealing with outliers in fuel economy
test data and (4) the impact of variability in oil effects
across car models on the meaningful grading of oils.
An investigation of these areas, and cursory examina-
tion of some additional topics form the subject of this
report.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Fuel consumption,
'Lubricating oils, Evaluation, Performance tests, Sta-
tistical tests, Accuracy, Fuel efficient oils.
PB81-189326
PC A10/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004.
Financial Requirements (40 CFR 264 and 266, Sub-
part H): Final and Reproposed Regulations. Back-
ground document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec80,224pMS-1941.11
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities with 'Interim Status'-
that is, they were in existence on November 19, 1980
(the effective date of the regulations), have notified
1070 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA of their activities, and have applied for a permit,
which has not yet been processed. The first part of
Subpart H addresses requirements for financial assur-
ance for closure and postclosure care and related
issues. The second addresses requirements for liabil-
ity coverage.
Keywords: * Hazardous materials, Regulations, Stand-
was, Waste disposal, Financing, Economic analysis,
Facilities, Liabilities, 'Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Waste management.
PB81-189342 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Control Technology Re-
March Strategy, 1980-1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
°ec 80, 149p« EPA-600/9-80-055
This document presents the research strategy adopt-
ed by the Municipal Wastewater and Spills Prevention
Research Committee in the area of municipal
Wastewater pollution control. The strategy document is
intended to facilitate the Research Committee's exer-
cise of its oversight function by identifying research
Planned for the 1980 through 1984 timeframe and ra-
wing It to the research requirements of headquarters
ar>d regional offices. Roughly 185 individual research
requirements solicited from five headquarters and ten
l offices are arrayed against the nine techno-
logical areas of research as well as the supporting
"earth effects research program. The identified re-
QUirements are then matched against the program of
research planned by Office of Research and Develop-
ment through 1984. Where gaps have been identified
corrective steps such as the reprogramming of funds
have been taken.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Water pollution control, 'Municipalities, Government
Policies, Research projects, Runoff, Wastewater
reuse, Public health, Prelect planning. Financing, Haz-
ardous materials, Requirements, Chlorination, Water
conservation, Biodeterioration, Land application, Prior-
roes, Storm water runoff.
{•881-189359 PC A20/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Management of Hazardous Waste Ueachate. Draft
[?Pt,
jouhill, Shuckrow and Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
Alan J. Shuckrow, Andrew P. Pajak, and C. J. Touhlll.
Sep80,464p'
Contract EPA-68-03-2766
This manual 'Management of Hazardous Waste
J-eachate' presents management options that a permit
writer or hazardous wastelandfill operator may consid-
er in controlling a leaching problem. The manual con-
tains the following: a general discussion of leachate
generation; a section on leachate composition provid-
'"9 the permit writer with possible guidelines for deter-
mining the relative hazard of a particular leachate; a
Jjacussion of five potential management options for
"» off-site treatment of leachate or the on-site treat-
went of hazardous waste; and a discussion of treat-
"•ent technologies.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
Wai waste treatment, Filtration, Aeration. Manuals, Or-
ganic compounds, Classifications, Activated carbon
treatment, Trickling filters, Lagoons(Ponds), Ozone,
'°n exchanging, Electrodialysis, Oxidation, Chlorina-
I Sludge disposal, Tables(Data), Safety, Activated
"* process, Love Canal, 'Leacnates, Reverse oe-
, Unit processes.
^1-189765 PCA11/MFA01
fKanctard* Applicable to Owner* and Operator* of
jjjardou* Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dto-
al Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004.
erel Facility Standard* for Location of Faclll-
H** (40 CFR 264.18). Background document.
^Mronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
D*C80,233pMS-1941.32
This document is one of a series providing support for
reputations issued by the U.S. Environmentarprotec-
Spri Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
•ons represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers standards appli-
cable to hazardous waste management facilities, spe-
cifically to location of new facilities.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Facilities management, Standards, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Site surveys, Planning, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Site selection.
PB81-189763 PC A07/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Interim Status Standard* and General Status
Standard* for Closure and Postclosure Care (40
CFR 264 and 265, Subpart G). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Off ice of Solid Waste.
Dec 80,136pMS-1941.10
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilties, specifically the non-
technical aspects of closure and postclosure for facili-
ties with Interim Status-thai is, they were in existence
on November 19,1980 (the effective date of the regu-
lations), have notified EPA of their activities, and have
applied for a permit, which has not yet been proc-
essed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Stand-
ards, Waste disposal, Facilities, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Waste management.
PB81-189771 PC A04/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owner* and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Interim Status Standard* for Thermal Treatment
Processes Other Than Incineration and for Open
Burning (40 CFR 266, Subpart P). Background dcx-'i-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr80,64pMS-1941.17
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, facilities
for hazardous waste thermal treatment other than In-
cineration.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Thermal utilization,
Regulations, Heating, Waste disposal, Standards, Fa-
cilities, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Waste management.
PB81-1B9789 PC A06/MF A01
Standard* Applicable to Owner* and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Interim Status Standard* for Landfills (40 CFR
265, Subpart N). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,125pMS-1941.15
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, It pro-
vides the rationale for the standards for landfills with
'Interim Status'- that Is, they were In existence on No-
vember 19, 1980 (the effective date of the regula-
tions), have notified EPA of their activities, and have
applied for a permit, which has not yet been processed
(Subpart N).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials. Regulations, Facili-
ties, Waste disposal, Standards. Earth fills, 'Landfills,
'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Waste
management.
PB81-189797 PC A07/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operator* of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Ground-water Monitoring (40 CFR 265, Subpart F).
Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 80,143pMS-1941.9
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically to moni-
toring groundwater at facilities with 'Interim Status'-
that is, they were in existence on November 19,1980
(the effective date of the regulations) have notified
EPA of their activities, and have applied for a permit,
which has not yet been processed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
Regulations, Ground water, Monitoring, Facilities,
Waste disposal, Standards, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Waste management.
PB81-190001 PC A03/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Standards for Inspection (40 CFR 264.15) and In-
terim Status Standards for Inspection (40 CFR
265.15). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
AprSO, 26pMS-1941.18
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, those
for inspection requirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Facilities, Regula-
tions, Standards, Waste disposal, 'Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act, Waste management.
PB81-190019 PC A99/MF E06
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001; Health and En-
vironmental Effect Profile* (40 CFR 261). Back-
ground document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct80,2069pMS-1941.29
for
rotec-
This document is one of a series providing support
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Prot
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This appendix describes health and en-
vironmental effect profiles compiled to support the list-
ing of approximately 1 70 of the hazardous constituents
identified on Appendix VIII in the regulations (40 CFR,
Part 261). These profiles are also being used to sup-
port the listing of hazardous wastes In Subpart D of
Part 261 , due to the presence In the wastes, of these
hazardous constituents. Many of these profiles have
been summarized from the water quality criteria docu-
ments prepared in support of various programs under
the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Water
pollution, Chemical compounds, Environmental sur-
veys, 'Resource conservation and recovery act,
•Water quality, Listings.
PB81-190027 PC A99/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001; Fate and Tram-
port of Hazardous Constituent* (40 CFR 261).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 80,865p MS-1941.30
This appendix is divided Into two sections. The first is a
compilation of the physical and chemical properties of
195 hazardous constituents, many of which are Includ-
ed as the constituents of concern In lists of hazardous
waste In the regulations. The second section provides
December 1983 1071
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
estimates of the migratory potential/persistence of the
constituents of concern based on a model in which the
waste is disposed of in unconfined landfills and/or la-
goons.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Water pollution, En-
vironmental impacts, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Land pollution.
PB81-190035 PC A99/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001; Listing of Haz-
ardous Waste (40 CFR 261.31 and 261.32). Back-
ground document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
MaySO, 618pMS-1941.28
This document covers listing of hazardous wastes
from specific and nonspecific sources.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Waste
disposal, 'Solid wastes, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Listing.
PB81-190043 PC A07/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Manifest System, Recordkeeplng, and Reporting
(40 CFR 264 and 265, Subpart E). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,144pMS-1941.8
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically those
covering requirements for manifest system compli-
ance, recordkeeping, and reporting, (Subpart E).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Stand-
ards, Waste disposal, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Compliance, Waste management.
PB81-1900SO PC A07/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
General and Interim Status Standards for Tanks
(40 CFR 264 and 265, Subpart J); Interim Status
Standards for Chemical, Physical, and Biological
Treatment (40 CFR 265, Subpart Q). Background
document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 80,147pMS-1941.13
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, the
management of hazardous waste in tanks, (Subpart J)
and in chemical, physical, and biological treatment fa-
cilities other than surface impoundments and land
treatment facilities (Subpart Q).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Storage tanks,
Regulations, Waste treatment, Facilities, Waste dis-
posal, Standards, 'Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Waste management.
PB81-190068 PC A07/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Interim Status Standards for Land Treatment Fa-
cilities (40 CFR 265, Subpart M). Background docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr80,127pMS-1941.14
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, provides
the rationale for the standards established for land-
treatment facilities with 'Interim Status'-that is, they
were in existence on November 19,1980 (the effective
date of the regulations) have notified EPA of their ac-
tivities, and have applied for a permit, which has not
yet been processed (Subpart M).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Standards, Waste disposal, Facili-
ties, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
'Land disposal, Waste management.
PB81-190076 PC A08/MF A01
Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3001; Listing of Haz-
ardous Waste; Flnallzatlon of July 16, 1980, Haz-
ardous Waste List (40 CFR 261.31 and 261.32).
Backgound document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jan81,162pMS-1941.28A
This document covers listing of hazardous Wastes
from specific and nonspecfic sources. The solid
wastes of concern in this document are muds from
brine purification, and wastewater treatment sludges
from the mercury cell process in chlorine production.
The constituent of concern in these wastes is the toxic
heavy metal mercury.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Metals,
Mercury, Sludge, 'Solid wastes, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Listings.
PB81-190092 PC A12/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Incineration Standards (40 CFR 264 and 265, Sub-
part 0). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec80,265pMS-1941.16
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document covers standards applicable to hazard-
ous waste management facilities, specifically, it con-
cerns standards for incinerators.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Stand-
ards, Waste disposal, Facilities, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, 'Incinerators, Waste manage-
ment.
PB81-190480 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Report of Workshops on Epldemlologlc Studies
of Airborne Partlculates Held at Research Trian-
gle Park on April 3-4,1980, and University of Pitts-
burgh on June 9-10,1980. Final summary rept.,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
Edward P. Radford. Apr81,43p EPA-600/1-81-039
Grant EPA-R-806815-01-1
This report represents the cumulative effort of both the
menbers of the Workshop on Epidemiologic Studies of
Airborne Particulates and EPA staff. The workshop
was conducted after EPA developed a Problem Defini-
tion Study for Epidemiologic Studies on Airborne Parti-
cles. The report presents the recommendations that
the workshop members prepared to assist the EPA in
developing a research program to ascertain the bio-
medical effects of inhalable particulate matter. This
definition of research was accomplished by identifica-
tion of gaps in current knowledge, Identification of re-
search that needs to be performed to fill these gaps,
and determination of research that has a high probabil-
ity of providing a clear examination of the health ef-
fects of particles.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution, Respiratory dis-
eases, Morbidity, Exposure, Air pollution, Epidemiolo-
gy, National government, Sampling, Cardiovascular
diseases, Behavior, Psychological effects,
Reproduction(Biology), Risk, 'Particulates, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Quality assurance, Health
risks.
PB81-190498 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Interaction of Acid Sulfates and the Respiratory
System. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
D. Covert, M. Morgan, T. Larson, N. Frank, and N.
Horike. Apr81,49p EPA-600/1-81-036
Grant EPA-R-80378
The objective of the research performed under this
grant was to study certain aspects of the interaction of
acid sulfate aerosol particles with the respiratory
system.
Keywords: 'Respiratory system, Particles, Aerosols,
Interactions, Dogs, Laboratory animals, Ammonia,
Neutralizing, 'Acid sulfates.
PB81-190506 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Conventional and Advanced Coal Con-
version By-Products on the Pulmonary System,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
Catherine Aranyi, and Jeannie Bradof. Apr 81,42p
EPA-600/1-81-038
GrantEPA-R-805317
To evaluate the environmental impact of different
energy technologies, fly ash samples collected from a
coal-fired and from an oil-fired electric power plant
were used in aerosol inhalation exposures of mice.
The effects of multiple 3-h exposures to the fly ash
particles at 2 and 1 mg/cu m aerosol mass concentra-
tion and <0.5 micrometer MMAD were evaluated in
male and female mice by examining the changes in
their pulmonary free cells, in their susceptibility to
streptococcus infection, and in the bactericidal activity
in their lungs to inhaled Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gener-
ally, no consistent differences could be discovered in
the effects of the exposures between the two sexes.
However, in a combined evaluation of both sexes more
and greater significant changes relative to controls
were observed in the experimental parameters after in-
halation of the oil power plant fly ash than after expo-
sure to the coal fly ash. Thus, the overall results of the
study indicate that the pulmonary defense system of
mice was more adversely affected by the oil-fired
power plant fly ash, a true stack emission effluent, than
by the coal fly ash collected by electrostatic preciptta-
tor, an in-plant control device.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Respiratory system,
Concentration(Composition), Electric power plants,
Mice, Exposures, Aerosols, Laboratory animals,
Energy, Males, Females, Byproducts, Environmental
impacts, Particulates, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB81-190514 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Asthmatic
Subjects,
National Jewish Hospital/National Asthma Center,
Denver, CO.
Robert A. Kinsman, Hyman Chai, David W. Dickey,
Richard Jones, and Callis G. Morrill. Apr 81,83p EPA-
600/1-81-033
Contract EPA-68-02-3208
While much remains to be understood, individuals with
respiratory disease appear to be affected by high
levels of air pollution as Indicated by subjective re-
ports, clinic and hospital visits, and morbidity. Sus-
pended particulates make up a substantial part of
urban air pollution, and specific components of particu-
late, such as sulfates and nitrates, when combined
with moisture, form acids with properties potentially ir-
ritating to the lung. The available research literature
has not clearly implicated the components of suspend-
ed particulates which do exert an immediate effect
upon the health status of individuals with respiratory
disease. The present study focuses upon the acute or
short-term effects of suspended particulates upon
asthmatic individuals. It has incorporated several
unique features.
Keywords: 'Asthma, 'Respiratory diseases, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Allergic diseases, Immunologlc diseases, Morbidi-
ty, Sulfates, Nitrates, * Particulates, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances.
1072 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-190522 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
The Analysis of Oil Shale Wastes: A Review. Inter-
im rept. Apr 79-Apr 80,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
John R. Wallace. Apr 81,298p EPA-600/7-81-084
Contract EPA-68-03-2791
This report summarizes the current status of methods
>or chemical analysis of oil shale effluents. It focuses
°n inadequacies in standard methods, adapted to oil
shale analyses, particularly addressing needs of
chemists, engineers, and biologists attempting to
select an analytical scheme suitable for oil shale
waste, including: sampling, analysis and quality assur-
ance. Especially for the methods of questionable valid-
ity, the literature has been searched extensively so
that alternate techniques could be included.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, Validity, Effluents, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Analyzing, Methodology, Analyti-
cal methods, Quality assurance, Oil shales, Waste
water, Retorting, Pollution control.
PB81-190928 PC A05/MF A01
gdustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Electroplating Wastewater Sludge Characteriza-
tion. Research rept. 26 Mar 79-29 Jun 80.
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Apr 81,97p EPA-600/2-81 -064
grant EPA-R-880026
yepared in cooperation with CENTEC Corp., Reston,
This report provides an evaluation of the teachability of
petal finishing sludges tested according to the EPA's
Extraction Procedure, (EP).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
industrial wastes, Metal finishing, Electroplating,
sludge, Environmental impacts, Leaching.
PB81-190936 PC A03/MF A01
nealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Carcinogenic Potential of Rotenone: Subchronlc
wal and Peritoneal Administration to Rats and
Chronic Dietary Administration to Syrian Golden
Hamsters,
ftautfer Chemical Co., Westport, CT.
»• I. Freudenthal, A. P. Leber, D. C. Thake, and R. L.
°aron. Apr 81,47p EPA-600/1 -81-037
jjOntraQt EPA-68-02-1505
prepared in cooperation with PPG, and Battelle Memo-
rial Inst.
Three long-term studies were performed to evaluate
jne carcinogenic potential of the pesticide rotenone in
narnsters and rats. Rotenone was administered orally
|p Wistar rats and by intraperitoneal injection to Spra-
gue-Dawley rats, which were maintained and observed
[pr 14 and 18 months, respectively. Syrian golden
narnsters were maintained for 18 months on diets con-
jaining rotenone in concentrations up to 1000 ppm.
Rowing these studies the animals were subjected to
extensive necropsy. No evidence of an increased inci-
aence of mammary or any other type of neoplasm was
noted In the two rat studies. At all dosage levels in the
"arnster dietary study, no gross or histopathological
evidence was obtained to suggest that rotenone in-
°uced the formation of mammary tumors. Three adre-
nal cortical carcinomas were observed in 65 hamsters
|[orn the highest dosage group; while suspicious, it is
questionable that this occurrence was related to rate-
none treatment. There were no other indications of
"eoplastic events. In ancillary studies there was pre-
liminary evidence that rotenone at levels of 500 ppm in
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
form of the nonlinear moisture flow equation. Salt dis-
tributions were considered for cases of equal irrigation
amounts, but with intake rates varying over space. De-
terministic calculations based on the mean velocity
and apparent diffusion coefficient gave erroneous re-
sults for both fluxes and distributions of salts in the
profile. The true average distribution is much more dis-
persed with more salts reaching deep depths and also
more salts near the surface. Similarly, the mass emis-
sions of salts averaged over a field appears earlier
than would be calculated by using mean velocities.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Flux rate, Irrigation, Drain-
age, Salts, Diffusion, Water, Velocity, 'Soil water
movement.
PB81-191132 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Design of a Laboratory for Paniculate Analysis,
United States Steel Corp., Monroeville, PA. Research
Lab.
R. J. Lee, J. S. Lally, and R. M. Fisher. May 81,80p*
EPA-600/4-81-032
Contract EPA-68-02-3247
The effects on human health resulting from asbestos
exposure in various environments are a subject of na-
tional concern and debate. In recognition of the need
for a 'state-of-the-art' laboratory for particulates analy-
sis, with emphasis on asbestos, the Environmental
Protection Agency commissioned the design of a suit-
able facility and the development of recommendations
for equipment and personnel. In this report the need
for such a facility Is reviewed; the considerable Invest-
ment in equipment and large annual operating ex-
penses are justified, and a conceptual framework for a
particulates analysis laboratory Is formulated. The
basis for selection of optimum equipment, the results
of a detailed survey of equipment manufacturers, the
design layout of the proposed laboratory, the availabil-
ity of skilled personnel, and a review of analysis meth-
odology are summarized.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Laboratory
design, 'Asbestos, Concentration(Composition),
Public health, Industrial hygiene, Optical microscopes,
Electron microscopy, Monitoring, Indoor air pollution,
State of the art.
PB81-191140 PCA03/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Teratology and Postnatal Studies In Rats of the
Propylene Qlycol Butyl Ether and Isooctyl Esters
of 2,4-Dlchlorophenoxyacetlc Acid. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Timothy M. Unger, Janet Kliethermes, Dan Van
Goethem, and Robert D. Short. Apr 81,27p* 4604-
B(3), EPA-600/1-81-035
Contract EPA-68-02-2982
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the terato-
genic potential of the propylene glycol butyl ether
(PGBE) and isooctyl (IO) esters of 2,4-dichlorophenox-
yacetic acid (2,4-D). Accordingly, groups of pregnant
CD rats received daily oral doses of PGBE or IO equiv-
alent to 0, 6.25,12.5,25.0, or 87.5 mg/kg/day of 2,4-D
from day 6 through day 15 of gestation, and fetuses
were observed for gross, soft tissue, and skeletal de-
fects. In addition, a postnatal study was performed on
rats receiving 0,12.5, or 87.5 ME/kg/day PGBE or IO
to determine the effect of treatment on growth and sur-
vival of pups. No adverse effects were observed on
maternal welfare, nor was there any evidence of
embryo or fetal lethality in any of the treated groups. Of
the anomalies observed, the incidence of lumbar
i the groups given the 87.5 mg/kg/day doses of both
PGBE and IO. No other anomaly reached a level of
statistical or lexicological significance. The number of
pups per litter was significantly reduced on postpartum
days 4 and 7 in dams receiving 87.5 ME/kg/day 10.
However, mean pup body weight remained normal.
Postnatal growth and survival of pups receiving PGBE
were not adversely affected. It was concluded that
PGBE and 10 caused minor embryotoxicity which was
not deleterious to growth and survival, and therefore
was not teratogenic to offspring of treated rats.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology,
Ingestion(Bk)logy), Rats, Pregnancy, Chlorine organic
compounds, Esters, Ethers, 'Acetic acid/dichloro-
(isooctyl-ester)-phenoxy, 'Acetic acid/dichloro-(pro-
pylene-glycol-butyl-etherj-phenoxy, D 2-4 herbicide,
Acetic acid/dichloro-phenoxy, 'Teratogenesis, 'Toxic
substances.
PB81-191157 PCE99
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Betty A. Hilton, and R. Frank Grossman. Mar 81,
1559p-in3v
Set includes PB81-191165, PB81-191173, and PB81-
191181.
No abstract available.
PB81-191165 PCA22/MFA01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Update 2, Volume I,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Betty A. Hilton, and R. Frank Grossman. Mar 81,520p
EPA-600/4-81-014A
See also Volume 2, PB81 -191173.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
191157.
The original report contains a listing of environmental
radiation monitoring data collected in the vicinity of
Three Mile Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979
accident. These data were collected by the EPA, NRC,
DOE, HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or
the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report
was printed In September 1979 and the update was re-
leased In December 1979. This final update consists of
additional data for 1979 by the same participating or-
ganizations, which has not been previously reported.
Results of intercomparlson studies carried out by the
EPA to measure the reliability of the surveillance data
entered into the data base, are also included in this
final update.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Nuclear reactor
accidents, Radiation hazards, Radioactive isotopes,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Food contamination,
Milk, Three Mile Island reactors, Thermoluminescent
dosimetry.
PB81-191173 PCA21/MFA01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Update 2, Volume II,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Betty A. Hilton, and R. Frank Grossman. Mar 81,489p
EPA-600/4-81-014B
See also Volume 1, PB81-191165, and Volume 3,
PB81-191181.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
191157.
The original report contains a listing of environmental
radiation monitoring data collected in the vicinity of
Three Mile Island (TMI) following the March 28,1979
accident. These data were collected by the EPA, NRC,
DOE, HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or
the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report
was printed in September 1979 and the update was re-
leased in December 1979. This final update consists of
additional data for 1979 by the same participating or-
ganizations, which has not been previously reported.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Nuclear reactor
accidents, Radiation hazards, Radioactive isotopes,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Food contamination,
Milk, Three Mile Island reactors, Thermoluminescent
dosimetry.
PB8M91181 PCA23/MFA01
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor Accident of
March 1979. Environmental Radiation Data:
Update 2, Volume III,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Betty A. Hilton, and R. Frank Grossman. Mar 81,550p
EPA-600/4-81-014C
See also Volume 2, PB81-191173.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
191157.
The original report contains a listing of environmental
radiation monitoring data collected In the vicinity of
Three Mile Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979
accident. These data were collected by the EPA, NRC,
DOE, HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or
the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. The original report
was printed in September 1979 and the update was re-
leased in December 1979. This final update consists of
additional data for 1979 by the same participating or-
ganizations, which has not been previously reported.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, 'Nuclear reactor
accidents. Radiation hazards, Radioactive isotopes,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Food contamination,
Milk, Three Mile Island reactors, Thermoluminescent
dosimetry.
PB81-191199 PCA06/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Soil Temperature and Sewage Sludge Effect* on
Plant and Soil Properties. Interim rept. 1 May 75-30
Sep 79,
Science and Education Administration, Beltsville, MD.
C. C. Sheaffer, A. M. Decker, R. L Chaney, G. C.
Stanton, and D. C. Wolf. Apr 81,102p' EPA-600/2-81-
069
Prepared In cooperation with Minnesota Univ., St
Paul, Maryland Univ., College Park, and Arkansas
Univ., Fayettevllle.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the in-
fluence of soli temperature and sewage sludge on
growth and composition of corn (Zea mays L.).
Changes In soil organic matter, extractable metals, pn,
bulb density, aggregation, fecal collform, and fecal
streptococcus were determined. Soil temperature*
studied were 16, 27, 35, and 22 C (ambient). Sludge
was applied at rates of 0, 56, and 112 metric tons per
hectare. Com yields and growth were reduced by 16 C
soil temperature, and increased by heating the soil to
35 C in 1976, but the warmer soil did not significantly
increase yields in 1975. The effects of soil temperature
on heavy metal concentrations in plants varied accord-
ing to year, metal, and plant part. Zinc concentrations
generaljy increased with increased soil temperature.
Sludge increased concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co
in corn, radishes, legume and small grain tissues. Cd
increased significantly in corn seedlings with soil tem-
perature increase, but not in stover. The highest rate of
fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus addition and the
longest survival times in soil were on plots receiving
the highest sludge application. Survival time varied di-
rectly with soil temperature.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Plants(Botany), 'Sludge
disposal, Temperature, Field tests, Corn, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Solid waste disposal,
Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, Sewage sludge, Coli-
form bacteria, Streptococcus bacteria, Organic matter,
Heavy metals.
PB81-191553 PC A04/MF A01
Regulations Affecting Generator* and Transport-
ers Under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act), Section* 3002 and 3003; Explanation
of Revision* In Reporting Burden Estimates (40
CFR 262 and 263). Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
MarSO, 63pMS-1941.31
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document is one of a series providing support for
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers the reporting
burden placed on generators and transporters of haz-
ardous waste.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Legis-
lation, Planning, Transportation, Cost analysis, Re-
viewing, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Pollution control, Waste disposal.
1074 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-191629 PC A02/MF A01
Prototype 1981 Peugeot Diesel Emissions Tests.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Mar 80,8p EPA-AA-TEB-80-
15
feugeot inquired about possible EPA interest in test-
'ng a prototype 1981 diesel with progressive EQR and
turbocharging. Since EPA had tested only a limited
number of EQR equipped diesels, arrangements were
rnade to run an evaluation program. The vehicle ar-
rived in December and was tested during December
'979 and January 1980.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, * Diesel engines, 'Exhaust
omissions, Automobile engines, Superchargers, Air
Pollution control equipment, Performance evaluation,
Peugeot automobiles, Motor vehicles(1981 models),
exhaust gas recirculation.
£881-191751 CP T03
Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity (RCRA).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Art Glazer, Brenda Daly, and Diane Rivinus. 9 Jan 81,
Jag tape EPA/DF-81 /003
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set and certain
nelds contain packed decimal data. Character set re-
stricts preparation in 9 track one-half inch tape only.
j* n% recording mode by specifying density only. Call
™TIS Computer Products if you have questions.
This file contains data compiled on hazardous waste
activity. The file will be updated with information com-
Ptted from the Application for a hazardous waste
Permit. The data includes names and addresses of the
••cHtty owner and operator, transportation modes,
"nether generator or transporter or desposer and the
code number of waste generated.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, Waste
fBSI-191876 PC A05/MF A01
jndustrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
havlor-Qenetlc Analysis. Journal article,
National Center for lexicological Research, Jefferson,
AR.
Robert C. MacPhail, and Timothy F. Elsmore. c1980,
12pEPA-600/J-80-263
Pub. In Neurotoxicology 1, D825-634 1980.
Acute ethanol toxicity was evaluated in genetically de-
fined mice by employing the condltloned-flavor-aver-
slon paradigm. Mice of the C57BL/6 and BALB/c
strains, and the F1 cross between C57BL/6 males and
BALB/c females, were accustomed to consume water
during daily 4-hour periods of availability. Saccharin
solution (0.1 % w/v) was then substituted for water and
4 hours later each mouse received ethanol (0,1.5,3.0,
4.5, or 6.0 g/kg b. wt) via gastric Intubation. Beginning
one week later, saccharin intake was measured during
24-hour periods of availability at weekly intervals for 4
weeks. C57BL/6 and F1 mice that had not received
ethanol consumed less saccharin than respective con-
trol mice that had not received ethanol. The decrease
in saccharin intake was generally related to the dose
and gradually diminished over subsequent exposures
December 1983 1075
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to saccharin without ethanol. Saccharin intake in
BALB/c mice that had received ethanol did not differ
from the intake of control mice. These data suggest
that genetic variables may determine the extent to
which toxicant-induced conditioned flavor aversions
can be established In mice.
Keywords: 'Ethanols, "Toxicology, 'Saccharin, Mice,
Males, Females, Behavior, Genetics, Flavor, Reprints,
'Toxic substances.
PB81-191942 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Short-Term Exposures to Sulfurlc Acid
and Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols Upon Bronchial
Airway Function In the Donkey. Journal article,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst. of Environ-
mental Medicine.
Richard B. Schlesinger, Morton Lippman, and Roy E.
Albert. C1978,14p EPA-600/J-78-181
Contract EPA-68-02-1726
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association Jnl.
39, p275-2861978.
The effects of one-hour inhalation exposures to 0.3-
0.6 micrometers H2SO4 and (NH4J2 aerosols in the
donkey were studied in terms of alterations in pulmo-
nary flow resistance and dynamic compliance, and
changes in the regional deposition and tracheobron-
chial mucociliary clearance of an inert test aerosol.
Short-term slowing of clearance followed certain
single exposures to H2SO4 at 194-1364 micrograms/
cu m in three of four animals while two of the four dem-
onstrated a more persistent slowing of their clearance.
These exposure levels produced no measurable
change in resistance, compliance or regional deposi-
tion. Exposures to (NH4) SO4 up to 2000 micrograms/
cu m had no measurable effect upon resistance, com-
pliance, regional deposition or mucociliary clearance.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Ammonium sulfate, 'Toxi-
cology, Exposure, Aerosols, Respiratory system, Inha-
lation, Reprints, Donkeys, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-191959 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Transfectlon with Baculovlrus DMA. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ento-
mology.
John P. Burand, Max D. Summers, and Gale E. Smith.
C1980, 8p EPA-600/J-80-257
Grant EPA-R-805232-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology 101, p286-290 1980. Errata
sheet inserted.
Purified DNA from the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of
Autographa californica (AcM NPV) and Rachiplusia ou
(RoMNPV) were found to be infectious in TN-368 cells
employing the calcium phosphate precipitation tech-
nique (F.L Graham and A.J. van der Eb, Virology, 52,
456-467, 1973). Transfection with AcMNPV produced
3600 PFU/microgram DNA compared to 2900 PFU/
microgram DNA with RoMNPV. Of eight baculovirus
DNAs tested, only AcMNPV DNA and RoMNPV DNA
could transfect TN-368 cells. The in vitro host range of
AcMNPV DNA was determined to be the same as
AcMNPV extracellular virus. AcMNPV Form 1 DNA
was fourfold more infectious in TN-368 cells than Form
II DNA.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Deoxyribonucleic acid, Molecu-
lar biology, Microorganisms, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
Autographa californica, Rachiplusia ou, 'Transfection.
PB81-181987 PC A02/MF A01
Induction of Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tissue
by Radlofrequency Radiation: Effect of Sample
Number and Modulation Frequency on the Power-
Density Window. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
C. F. Balckman, S. G. Benane, J. A. Elder, D. E. House,
artdJ.A. Lampe. 1980, 1 1p EPA-600/J-80-252
Pub. In Bioelectromagnetics 1, p35-43 1980.
Changes have been found in calcium-ion binding to
brain tissue exposed in vitro to a specific power density
(0.83mW/cu cm) of 147-MHz radiation, amplitude
modulated by a 1 6-Hz sine wave. This report replicates
and extends this previous work. To define more pre-
cisely the range of effective power densities, two dif-
ferent numbers of samples were treated in a Crawford
cell. In one series, four brain tissues were exposed at a
time; in the other series, four brain tissues plus six
dummy loads were exposed together. While the four-
sample configuration produced a narrow power-densi-
ty window, the ten pseudosample configuration result-
ed in a broader power-density window. The reason for
the sample-number dependence is unresolved, but
may be due to interactions between samples and field
distortions caused by the close spacing, the ten pseu-
dosample configuration was used to test for the pres-
ence and range of a power-density window at a sinus-
oidal modulation frequency of 9 Hz. The response
curve at 9 Hz was essentially identical to the results for
16-Hz sinewave modulation.
Keywords: 'Calcium, 'Radiation effects, Brain,
Tissues(Biology), Exposure, In vitro analysis, Reprints,
Nonionizing radiation.
PB81-191975 PC A02/MF A01
Improved Method for Hexachlorobenzene and
Mlrex Determination with Hexachlorobenzene
Confirmation In Adipose Tissue: Collaborative
Study. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
1980,9p EPA-600/J-80-261
Pub. in Jnl. of Official Analytical Chemists, v63 n5
p1128-1134 1980.
A previously published method for determination and
confirmation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in adipose
tissue was also applied to mirex residues. A modified
procedure for both residues was collaboratively stud-
ied by 12 laboratories. The procedure specifies direct
application of an extracted or rendered fat sample to a
Florisil cleanup column and one-fraction elution. Mirex
and HCB are determined by direct GLC of the concen-
trated eluate. HCB residues are then confirmed by re-
action with isopropanol to form the disubstituted bis-
isopropoxytetrachlorobenzene (BITB) derivative. Mirex
residues are destroyed by this reaction. All participants
were asked to analyze an unknown standard mixture
of HCB and mirex and 10 rendered chicken fat sam-
ples consisting of one blank and 9 samples fortified
with unknown amounts of HCB and mirex. The 9 forti-
fied samples represented 3 samples at each of 3 forti-
fication levels. The HCB fortifications of 20.0,33.3, and
50.0 ppb yielded average interlaboratory recoveries of
89.6, 87.4, and 92.6%, respectively. The respective
coefficients of variation (CV) for HCB results were 9.1,
6.8, and 10.0%. The mirex fortifications of 150, 300,
and 500 ppb yielded average interlaboratory recover-
ies of 89.0,90.2, and 92.3%, respectively. The respec-
tive CV values for mirex results were 7.6,16.5, and
18.1%. The method has been adopted official first
action.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, Residues, Chlorine organic
compounds, Reprints, Adipose tissue, 'Mirex, *Ben-
zene/hexachloro, 'Analytical methods.
PB81-191983 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Physical Maps of 'Autographa californica' and
'Rachiplusia ou' Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Re-
comblnants. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ento-
Max D. Summers, Gale E. Smith, John D. Knell, and
John P. Burand. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-259
Grant EPA-R-805232-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, v34 n3 p693-703 Jun 80.
TN-368 cells were infected simultaneously with the
closely related Autographa californica (AcMNPV) and
Rachiplusia ou (RoMNPV) nuclear polyhedrosis vi-
ruses. Progeny viral isolates were plaque purified, and
their DNAs were analyzed with restriction endonu-
cleases. Of 100 randomly cloned plaques, 7 were
AcMNPV and RoMNPV recombfnants, 5 were
RoMNPV, and 88 were AcMNPV. The recombinants
contained DNA sequences derived from both parental
genomes. By comparing the restriction cleavage pat-
terns of parental and recombinant DNAs, the cross-
over sites were mapped. A single double crossover
was detected in each of the seven recombinant gen-
omes. In addition, six of the seven recombinants re-
vealed a crossover site mapping between 78 and 89%
of the genome. The structural polypeptides of the
seven recombinants and two parental viruses were
analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and
their polyhedrins were identified by tryptic peptide
mapping. An analysis of the segregation of three en-
veloped nucleocapsid proteins and of the polyhedrins
among the recombinants located the DNA sequences
coding for AcMNPV structural polypeptides with mo-
lecular weights of 37,000 (a capsid polypeptide),
56,000, and 90,000 and the RoMNPV structural poly-
peptides with molecular weights of 36,000 (a capsid
polypeptide), 56,000, and 91,000: The AcMNPV and
RoMNPV polypeptides of molecular weights 37,000
and 36,000, respectively, mapped within 78 to 89% or
1 to 29% the polypeptides of molecular weights
55,000 and 56,000 mapped within 78 to 29%, and the
polypeptides of molecular weights 90,000 and 91,000
mapped within 19 to 56% of the genome.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Deoxyribonucleic acid, 'Genes,
Molecular biology, Microorganisms, Chromosomes,
CellsfBiology), Peptides, Reprints, Autographa califor-
nica, Rachiplusia ou.
PB81-191991 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prediction of Agricultural Worker Safety Reentry
Times for Organophosphate Insecticides. Journal
article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL.
Herbert N. Nigg. C1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-262
Grant EPA-R-806474-01
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association Jnl.
41,p340-3451980.
Concepts and current methods of determining worker
safety reentry times are reviewed. Comparison of
human monitoring studies, factors in a worker reentry
episode and exposure estimation methods illustrate
the advantages of estimation methods. Research
needs for worker reentry times are discussed. A sys-
tematic view of the worker reentry situation is suggest-
ed.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Predictions, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Safety, Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health, Ag-
ricultural workers.
PB81-192007 PC A02/MF A01
Stimulation of Oxldant Production In Alveolar Ma-
crophages by Pollutant and Latex Particles. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gary E. Hatch, Donald E. Gardner, and Daniel B.
Menzel. 27 Dec 78,18p EPA-600/J-80-260
Pub. in Environmental Research 23, p121-1361980.
Air pollutant dusts as well as chemically defined parti-
cles were examined for their activating effect on oxi-
dant production (O2- and H2O2) in guinea pig alveolar
macrophages (AM). Oxldant production was measured
as chemiluminescence of albumin-bound luminol. All
particles examined stimulated the AM In a dose-de-
pendent manner to different maximal levels of oxidant
production. Amphlbole asbestos samples were the
most active of all agents studied. Various immune
reactants as well as silica, metal-oxide-coated fly ash,
polymethyl methacrylate beads, and chrysotile asbes-
tos had Intermediate activity, while fugitive dusts, poly-
bead carboxylate microspheres, glass and latex
beads, uncoated fly ash, and fiberglass had the lowest
activity. In addition to direct stimulatory action on AM,
particles also lowered the subsequent responsiveness
of the cells to the bacterial peptide stimulant, N-formyl-
methionyl phenylalanine. This effect was only partially
due to the cytotoxicity of the particles. While some re-
lationship appeared to exist between stimulatory activi-
ty and cytotoxicity of the particles, the exact role of 02-
in mediating cytotoxic effects is still open to question.
Oxidant production in AM is a parameter which may be
important in determining the pathological effects of
particles as well as of materials absorbed to their sur-
faces.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Air pollution, Guinea pigs,
Dusts, Particles, Latex, Respiratory system, Reprints,
•Oxidants, 'Air pollution effects/Animals), 'Macro-
phages, 'Toxic substances.
1076 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-192015 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An Electrocardiograph^ Study of Cardiovascular
Problems In Mlrex-Fed Rat Fetuses. Journal article,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL.
CasimerT. Grabowskl, and Doris B. Payne. C1980,13p
EPA-800/J-80-255
grant EPA-R-805301-010
Pub. In Teratoltigy 22, p167-177 1980.
Sperm-positive female rats were intubated with pesti-
cide, Mlrex, in oil (5 to 10 rng/kg) on days 8 1/2 to 15
y2. Controls were untreated or oil-feel. Testing was
Oone on day 18 1/2. Fetuses were sequentially ex-
Posed and ECGs obtained with fetus attached to the
• and III were used. Fetuses were weighed and exam-
ined afterwards. Swollen fetuses were rated on a scale
°| 1 (slight edema under chin) to 5 (3mm edema
across back). ECGs from 81 controls and 205 Mirex fe-
juses were obtained. They were evaluated for rate of
neart beat, regularity of beat, PR intervals, and other
'eatures. One control exhibited an abnormality, a tran-
ftoy period of premature atrial contractions. Mlrex-
Te° fetuses frequently tachycardia, closedly correlated
with degree of edema. The heart rate increased from
iSO/mlnute In controls to 180 In slightly swollen to 224
n swollen fetuses. Mean PR intervals Increased with
jjegree of swelling and with dose. The frequency of
nrst degree heart-block was also dose-related, ranging
[rom 20% in the 5 mg/kg group to 77% in the 10 mg/
£B group. Second-degree heart-blocks were found In
J"», 3% showed arrhythmias and one had atrial flut-
ier/fibriliation. These cardiovascular problems seem
Primarily related to the Mirex-lnduced edema and dem-
onstrate that fetal edema Is not Innocuous. These data
Demonstrate the usefulness of fetal electrocardlo-
flraphy to detect functional teratology.
Keywords: 'Electrocardiography, 'Cardiovascular dis-
eases, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Rats, Females, Em-
wyos, Reprints, Fetuses, Mirex.
jBei-192023 PC A02/MF A01
Multiple Problt Analysis with a Nonzero Back-
ground. Journal article,
Park Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
yjcto'r Ha'sselblad, Andrew G. Stead, and John P.
Reason. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-256
pub. in Biometrics, v36 n4 p659-663 Dec 80.
l!?e-,'EM' (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm is ap-
P led to probit analysis with multiple independent varie-
ties and a nonzero response rate. The equations for
jne maximum likelihood estimators are relatively
™nple, and converge in all the cases so far examined.
Jjn animal bioassay example Is used to demonstrate
we method. Likelihood ratio tests are used for signlfl-
cance tests In the analysis.
Keywords: Probability theory, Convergence, Algo-
jjwms, 'Problt analysis, Maximum likelihood estima-
SfJ:182031 PC A02/MF A01
Park N Etfe0t8 Researoh Lab- Re8earcn Triangle
Uytolmmtinoassay Analysis of Baculovlrus Gran-
"'Ins and Polyhedrlns. Journal article,
"was A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ento-
SSJ D- Summers, and Pepper Hoops, d 980,12p
|PA-600/J-80-258
grant EPA-R-805232-01
r"b. In Jnl. of Virology 103, p89-981980.
Granulin and polyhedrin proteins were purified by pre-
Parat^e sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide
««i electrophoresis from the baculoviruses Autogra-
^.callfomica, Rachiplusia ou, Heliothls zea, Hellothis
I™Qera, Tricnoplusia ni, and Spodotera frugiperda.
M™°— were raised against Autographa canfomica
yhedrin and Tricnoplusia ni (Tn) granulin and
i for homologous and heterologous Immunor-
by immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay
c polyhedrin and Tn granulin antlsera recog-
1 antigenic determinants on several baculovirus
drin and granulin proteins even though the het-
xis proteins had different immunoreactJvities
7"en compared by competition radioimmunoassay.
?*™9enlc differences among granulin and polyhedrin
~"i were also detected by altered slopes of the
competition reaction curves. Antlserum raised against
Ac polyhedrin which was purified in the presence of
SDS was tested by competition RIA for Its ability to
detect and react with native polyhedrin produced In the
infected TN-368 cells. Ac polyhedrin antiserum had
similar If not Identical ability to bind to native polyhedrin
and to polyhedrin purified In the presence of SDS.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Proteins, Reprints, 'Radioim-
munoassay, Autographa callfornica, Rachiplusia ou,
Heliothls zea, Hellothis armigera, Trichoplusla nl, Spo-
dotera frugiperda, 'Granullns, 'Polyhadrlns.
PB81-192049 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Qlutathlone and Msrcapturlc Acid Conjugations In
the Metabolism of Naphthalene and 1-Naphthyl N-
Methylearbamate (Carbaryl). Journal article,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Ke-Chang Chen, and H. Wyman Dorough. c1979,23p
EPA-600/J-79-120
Grant EPA-R-805143
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology. v2 n4 p331-354
1979.
The formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugate in the
detoxification of (1-14C)-naphthalene and (naphthyl-
14C)-carbaryl was investigated using rat liver homog-
enate. The mercapturlc acid conjugate in rats was also
Investigated by collection of urine after Intraperitoneal
Injection of 14C substrates. The formation of water-
soluble metabolites in vitro from naphthalene was de-
pendent on the amount of glutathione added, but this
was not seen in carbaryl metabolism. In vitro, the me-
tabolism of (1-14C)-naphthalene produced 50% GSH
conjugate In the incubation mixture, whereas in vivo
the metabolism of this compound produced 65% mer-
capturic acid conjugate in the urine. There was no evi-
dence of GSH or mercapturic acid conjugate in the
metabolism of (naphthyl-14C)-carbaryl in vitro and in
vivo. This conclusion was made by comparing the
nature and chemical characteristics of GSH and mer-
capturic acid conjugates formed in (1-14C)-naphtha-
lene metabolism. With the aid of the specific enzyme
(e.g. B-glucuronidase and sulfatase) and acid hydroly-
sis, the water-soluble metabolites of (naphthyl-14C)-
carbaryl were tentatively recognized as glucuronide or
sulfate conjugated mainly with 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihy-
droxycarbaryl or N-hydroxymethyl carbaryl and their
hydrolytic products. This data demonstrated that the
substJtuent group on the naphthalene molecule may
affect the significance of GSH conjugation.
Keywords: 'Glutathione, 'Naphthalene, Rats, Liver,
Metabolism, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Carba-
mates, Nitrogen organic compounds, Reprints, 'Car-
baryl, 'Cystelne/N-acetyl, Carbamic acid/naphthyl-N-
methyl.
PB8M920S6 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Restriction Map of 'Rachiplusia ou' and 'Rachiplu-
sia ou-Autographa callfornica' Baculovlrus Re-
comblnants. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ento-
mology.
Gale E. Smith, and Max D. Summers. 1980,11 p EPA-
600/J-80-253
Grant EPA-R-805232-01
Pub. In Jnl. of Virology, v33 n1 p311-319 Jan 80.
The restriction sites of Rachiplusia ou nuclear polyhe-
drosis virus (RoMNPV) DNA were mapped for the en-
donucleases Smal, Kpnl, BamHI, Sacl, Xhol, and
EcoRI. Of the 60 DNA restriction sites of RoMNPV, 35
mapped in similar positions as compared to the restric-
tion sites of Autographa caiifomica nuclear polyhedro-
sis virus (AcMNPV) DNA. Two plaque-purified viruses,
obtained from randomly picked plaques of a wild-type
isolate of RoMNPV, were recombinants of RoMNPV
and AcMNPV. The recombinants were shown to have
RoMNPV and AcMNPV restriction fragments as well
as structural polypeptides from each parental virus.
Both recombinant viruses had a major RoMNPV
capsld protein but were occluded in the AcMNPV poly-
hedrin protein.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Deoxyribonucleic acid, 'Genes,
Molecular biology, Microorganisms, Chromosomes,
CellsfBiology), Peptides, Reprints, Autographa califor-
nlca, Rachiplusia ou.
PBB1-192064 PC A02/MF A01
Tests of Mutagenssls and Reproduction In Mais
Rats Exposed to 2,450-MHz (CW) Mlcrowavse.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ezra Berman, Hershell B. Carter, and Dennis House.
26 Dec 79,13p EPA-600/J-80-264
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 1, p65-761980.
Tests of mutagenesls and reproduction were conduct-
ed in male rats which were irradiated by 2,450-MHz,
continuous-wave (CW) microwaves, 4 hr/day from day
6 of gestation to 90 days of age at 5 mW/sq. cm.; or 5
hr/day for five days beginning on the 90th day of age
at 10 mW/sq. cm.; or 4 nr/day, 5 days/wk four weeks,
beginning on the 90th day of age. During selected
weekly periods after treatment, the rats were bred to
pairs of untreated, normal female rats that were exam-
ined in late pregnancy by means of the dominant lethal
assay. The reproductive efficiency of these males, as
reflected In their breeding, was also examined for
changes relating to their microwave experience. No
significant experience of germ-cell mutagenesis was
detected when data of microwave-exposed males
were compared with those of sham-exposed males,
even though there were significant Increases in rectal
and intratestlcular temperatures at a power density of
28 mW/sq. cm. Temporary sterility, as indexed by
fewer pregnancies, was seen at the highest power
density.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects,
'Reproductlon(Blology), Males, Rats, Mutations, Re-
prints, 'Mutagenesls.
PB81-192072 PC A02/MF A01
Extrapulmonary Effects of NO2 as Reflected by
Pentobarbltal-lnduced Sleeping Time In Mica.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Frederick J. Miller, Judith A. Graham, Joseph W. Illlng,
and Donald E. Gardner. 22 Apr 80,10p EPA-600/J-80-
254
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 6, p267-274 1980.
The influence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on
pentobarbital(PEN)-induced sleeping time (ST.) was
investigated in mice. Acute exposure to concentra-
tions as low as 470 micrograms NO2/cu m (0.25 ppm)
caused a significant Increase in PEN-induced S.t. No
significant effects on PEN-induced S.T. were detected
after 1 or 2 days (3 h/day) exposure to 235 micro-
grams N02/cu m (0.125 ppm). None of the exposure
regimens affected the time required for the drug to
induce sleep. When the effects of repeated dally expo-
sures (3 h/day) to 9400 micrograms NO2/cu m 5 ppm)
were compared in male and female mice, the females
had a significantly increased PEN-induced S.T. after 1
and 2 days of exposure. However, an increase in PEN-
induced S.T. was not observed in males until the 3rd
day of exposure. Since the duration of PEN-induced
S.T. Is primarily determined by hepatic mixed function
oxidase activity, It is possible that NO2 may alter some
aspects of xenbiotic metabolism.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Pentobarbital, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Barbiturates, Mice, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Sleep, Concentration(Composition), Males, Females,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-192080 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
East Oallatln River, Montana: Macrolnvertabrate
Distribution and Water Analysis 1973-1974. Jour-
nal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert J. Luedtke, Rosemarie C. Russo, and Robert V.
Thurston. 1976,18p EPA-600/J-76-106
Grant EPA-R-800861
Pub. in Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sci-
ences 36, p21 -36 1976.
Macro-invertebrate samples from seven stations and
water chemistry samples from 10 stations In the East
Gallatin River, Montana, were collected on thirteen
dates throughout the year between June 1973 and
August 1974. The stations were selected to cover a
stretch of the river both above and below the City of
Bozeman sewage treatment plant. Marked changes in
the macroinvertebrate populations were observed in
December 1983 1077
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the region immediately downstream from the sewage
outfall. Recovery, in terms of increasing numbers of
species and total numbers of clean-water forms and
decreasing numbers of tolerant forms, appeared to be
complete with 15-20 km below the outfall. Several spe-
cies diversity indices were calculated but failed to be il-
lustrative of the observed changes in the benthic
Insect community. Concentrations of a number of the
chemical species measured showed a marked in-
crease immediately below the sewage outfall; NH3-N
and PO4-P showed the greatest increase (five- to
seven-fold). These higher concentrations gradually di-
minished until at approx. 50 km downstream they were
comparable to levels above the sewage outfall. With
the exception of NO2-N, none of the variables meas-
ured reached concentrations generally considered to
be acutely toxic to fishes or aquatic macroinverte-
brates.
Keywords: 'East Gallatin River, 'Invertebrates,
'Water analysis, Distribution, Montana, Water chemis-
try, Concentration(Composltlon), Reprints.
PB81-192098 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Photochemical Behavior of Vari-
ous Humlc Substances In Water: II. Photosensi-
tized Oxygenatlons. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, George L. Baughman, and Patricia F.
Schlotzhauer. 9 Dec 80,10p EPA-600/J-81-127
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n1 p119-1261981.
The photochemical oxygenation of 2, 5-dimethylfuran
(DMF) in water was studied under a variety of reaction
conditions employing various humic substances as
photosensitizers. As predicted by theory, the reactions
at low DMF concentrations were first order with re-
spect to DMF, and the reaction rate constants were di-
rectly proportional to the average light intensity and to
the concentration of humic substance. The rate of oxy-
genation photosensitized by the humic matter from a
river was independent of hydrogen ion activity in the
pH 5 to 9 range. Wavelength studies indicate that oxy-
genations photosensitized by humic substances are in-
duced by ultraviolet and blue radiation. Rate constants
computed for this photosensitized reaction in sunlight
were in close agreement with experimental values.
Calculations also show that the ratio of the sunlight
rate constants to total visible solar irradiance (400 to
700 nm) is approximately constant. Therefore, it may
be possible to calibrate rate constants for photosensi-
tized reactions in terms of commonly measured units
of visible light intensity such as foot candles.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Humlc acids,
'Oxygenation, 'Water pollution, Reaction kinetics,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, *Furan/di-
methyl, Numerical solution.
PB81-192106 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Photochemical Behavior of Vari-
ous Humlc Substances In Water I. Sunlight In-
duced Reactions of Aquatic Pollutants Photosen-
sitized by Humlc Substances. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, George L. Baughman, and Patricia F.
Schlotzhauer. 1981,11pEPA-600/J-81-129
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n1 p109-1171981.
Humic substances are shown to photosensitize trans-
formations of several types of synthetic chemicals that
do not photoreact when exposed to sunlight in distilled
water. In most cases, photoproducts were the same in
colored natural waters and In solutions of soil-derived
humic substances, including those obtained commer-
cially. Kinetic studies In sunlight Indicated that the effi-
ciencies of the reactions photosensitized by humic
substances of various origins were the same within a
factor of 2.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Humic acids,
'Water pollution, Reaction kinetics, Reprints.
PB81-192114 PCA03/MFA01
Mlcroblal Bloconcentratlon of Organic Pollutants
from Aquatic Systems - A Critical Review. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
George L Baughman, and Doris F. Paris. 1981,26p
EPA-600/J-81-126
Pub. in Critical Reviews in Microbioloy 8(3), p205-228
1981.
Bioconcentration of pollutants by aquatic microorga-
nisms has been of interest to environmental scientists
for several years because of the position of these or-
ganisms in the food chain. Also, similarities between
accumulation by microbial species and higher orga-
nisms are of interest from a mechanistic viewpoint.
Thus, an exhaustive review of the literature has been
conducted and the state of knowledge critically evalu-
ated with respect to the kinetics, mechanisms, and
magnitude of accumulation. Particular emphasis in the
evaluation is directed toward demonstrating that most
available data are consistent with a simple mechanism
that is Jiassive' rather than active in the biological
sense. Further, it is shown that reliable measurements
of the extent of accumulation must take into account
both time and biomass concentration. Methods cur-
rently in use for experimental measurement and data
analysis are discussed to show that many common
limitations can be avoided. Some of the more impor-
tant aspects to be considered involve the use of la-
beled materials, washed cells, Freundlich isotherm,
and molecular structure. In addition, data are present-
ed to show that the octanal-water partition coefficient
can be used to predict the potential extent of accumu-
lation.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Water pollution, Aquatic
animals, Food chain, Concentratlon(Composition), Re-
prints, 'Bioaccumulation.
PB81-192122 PC A02/MF A01
Motor Activity: A Survey of Methods with Poten-
tial Use In Toxtolty Testing. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lawrence W. Reiter, and Robert C. MacPhail. 1979,
16pEPA-600/J-79-121
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology, v1 suppl 1 p53-66
1979.
Activity measurements are expected to have wide-
spread use in toxicity testing. The multifaceted nature
of motor activity will directly influence the selection of a
measurement technique since the relative contribution
of various motor acts to any particular measurement
will depend upon the detection method. Because of
the apparatus-dependent nature of motor activity
measurements, it is recommended that consideration
be given to how accurately the various devices meas-
ure locomotive activity. In the present paper, two types
of body movement will be considered as locomotor ac-
tivity: ambulation (horizontally directed movement) and
rearing (vertically directed movement). Discussion fo-
cuses on the various methods currently used to record
motor activity, the various components of motor activi-
ty which are likely to be recorded, and the advantages
and disadvantages of these techniques for the meas-
urement of locomotor activity. Finally, consideration is
given to studies which have compared treatment ef-
fects on motor activity derived from two or more meas-
urement techniques.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Tests, Measurement, Physio-
logical effects, Reprints, 'Motor activity, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-192163 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Thermal Requirements of the Early Life History
Stages of Walleye, 'Stlzostedlon vltreum vltreum',
and Sauger, 'Stlzostedlon canadense'. Journal arti-
cle,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Entomology, Fish-
eries, and Wildlife.
Walter M. Koenst, and Lloyd L. Smith, Jr. 22 Dec 75,
12pEPA-600/J-76-108
Grant EPA-R-800704
Pub. in Jnl. Fish. Res. Board Can., v33 p1130-1138
1976. Also pub. as Minnesota Agricultural Experiment
Station, St. Paul. Journal Ser-9141.
Walleye Stizostedion vitreum and sauger Stizostedion
canadense eggs were exposed to temperatures rang-
ing from 6 to 21C to determine temperature effects on
fertilization, incubation, and fry survival. Optimum fertil-
ization temperatures were 6-12C for walleye and 9C
for sauger. Optimum incubation temperatures were 9-
15C for both walleye and saugar. When acclimated at
10-26C, the 96-h upper lethal temperatures for sauger
juveniles was 26.6-30.4C, in order as with the walleye.
Keywords: 'Acclimatization, 'Fresh water fishes,
'Thermal pollution, Life cycles, Temperature measure-
ment, Exposure, Survival, Reprints, Stizostedion vi-
treum, Stizostedion canadense.
PB81-192189 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
Oil Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume III. Bacteriology of a Gulf of
Mexico Qas and Oil Field,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
R. K. Sizemore, and K. Olsen. Nov 80,54p NOAA-TM-
NMFS-SEFC-49, NOAA-81012801
See also PB81-188344. Prepared in cooperation with
Houston Univ., Galveston, TX. Sponsored in part by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
A three year study of the bacteriology of a 20 year old
active gas and oil field in the Gulf of Mexico was com-
pleted. The bacterial community of the production plat-
form area was In general Identical to the control site.
Taxonomlc groups and genera diversity were essen-
tially the same for the two sites.
Keywords: 'Oil fields, 'Bacteria, 'Water pollution, Gas
fields, Mexico Gulf, Environmental Impacts, Bacteriolo-
gy, Offshore sites.
PB81-192197 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
Oil Field In the Northwestern Qulf of Mexico,
1975-1980. Volume VI. Trace Metals,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
J. B. Tillery, William B. Jackson, and E. Peter Wllkens.
Nov 80,72p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-52, NOAA-
81012802
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared In cooperation
with Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
This report provides an overview of four years (1976-
1980) of trace metal investigations conducted as a
part of a larger multidisciplinary, marine, environmental
assessment program of the Buccaneer gas and oil
field. Concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr.
Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl and Zn have been
determined in surficial sediments, subsurface sedi-
ments, suspended particulate matter, seawater, pro-
duced brine, crude oil and various tissues of biological
organisms collected seasonally near two petroleum
production platforms. Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr.
Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sr, Hg and Zn in surficial sediments
have been related to the platforms or activities on
them.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Metals, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Oil fields, Gas fields, Mexico Gulf, Environmental
impacts, Offshore sites.
PB81-192403 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume II. Investigations of Surficial
Sediments and Suspended Partlculates at Bucca-
neer Field. Annual rept.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
J. M. Brooks, W. H. Huang, and E. L. Estes. Nov 80,
286p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-36, NOAA-81021707
See also Volume 3, PB81-192411. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station. Dept. of Oceanography.
Water column samples were taken at stations around
two production platforms and near a well jacket and
flare stack in the Buccaneer Oil Field during summer,
fall, winter and spring periods (1978-1979). Large sea-
sonal variations in the suspended load of the water
column were observed. During the winter, concentra-
tions of total suspended matter (TSM) were significant-
ly higher than in other seasons. The Buccaneer Field
productions platforms do not measurably alter the bulk
composition of suspended participates or biological
activity in their immediate vicinity.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Mexico Gulf, Sampling, Particle size, Carbon, Organic
1078 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compounds, Clay minerals, Nutrients, Carbonates, Oil
"elds, Gas fields.
£681.19241 1 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
ON Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume III. Effects of Gas and OH Field
structures and Effluents on Pelagic and Reef
nshes, Demersal Fishes and Macrocrustaceans.
Annual rept.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
wstonLab.
5; J- Gallaway, and L. R. Martin. Dec 80, 81 p NOAA-
rM-NMFS-SEFC-37, NOAA-81021706
gee also Volume 2, PB81 -192403 and Volume 4,
£081-192429. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Detection Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in co-
operation with LGL, Ecological Research Associates,
Bryan,TX.
?ernersal nekton communities in the Buccaneer Oil
"eld during research year 1978-79 were dominated by
"wcrocrustaceans, particularly sugar shrimp, Trachy-
penaeus similis. The most abundant fish was the shoal
"punder, Syacium gunteri. The effects of substrate and
Pwform type on seasonal and areal distributional pat-
^Ps are provided for dominate, demersal species.
^weral Important species, including sugar shrimp,
™ere indicated more abundant at production platforms
"Jan at control structures having the same bottom
Keywords: "Offshore structures, 'Crustacea, *Oil pol-
lution, 'Mexico Gulf, Marine fishes, Nekton, Shrimps,
Abundance, Dlstribution(Property), Oil fields, Gas
fields, Water pollution effects(Animals), Baseline stud-
'es.
£681-192429 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
""Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
J878-1979. Volume IV. Bacterial Communities.
^"nual rept,
Rational Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
.
JJ- K. Slzemore, and K. Olsen. Dec 80, 63p NOAA-TM-
JJMFS-SEFC-3B, NOAA-81021705
gee also Volume 3, PB81-192411 and Volume 5,
PjJWerial numbers and taxonomic types were found to
P? the same in the oil field as in the control area. No
wjerence in bacterial diversity or biomass was noted
**wreen stations but a change did occur between sea-
•prial samples. Members of the genera Vibrio, Pseudo-
??na8, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter were found to
predominate In the sediment and fish samples. The
"acterial population of the oil field sites contained
|P°fe oil degrading and sulfur oxidizing bacteria than
"* control site.
[keywords: "Bacteria, 'Biodeterioration, 'Water pollu-
H°n. 'Mexico Gulf, Sampling, Abundance, Marine
™hes, Sulfates, Brines, Oil fields, Vibrio, Aeromonas,
f'seudomonas.Alkanes.
£B»1-192437 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Asseaement of Buccaneer Gas and
r" Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
o?78-1979. Volume V. Effect* of Gas and Oil Field
SPycture* and Effluents on Fouling Community
Jyoductlon and Function. Annual rept.,
""attonal Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
i*»ton Lab.
S- L. Howard, G. S. Boland, B. J. Gallaway, and G. D.
"ennis. Dec 80, 91 p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-39,
SJ2.AA-81021704
gee also Volume 4, PB81 -192429 and Volume 5,
^081-192445. Sponsored in part by Environmental
rjwactton Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in co-
gPeration with LGL, Ecological Research Associates,
/an, TX.
acterized by a high oxygen demand and to increase
the respiratory rates of the biofouling community. Sta-
tions near the produced water discharge were ob-
served to have significantly lower biofouling biomass
than other platform supports and platforms with pro-
duced water discharges had lower microalgae bio-
mass than control structures. Sets of the small barna-
cle species are typically overgrown by B. tintinnabulum
in the Buccaneer Oil Field.
Keywords: 'Fouling organisms, 'Oil pollution, 'Mexico
Gulf, Barnacles, Abundance, Offshore structures, Bio-
mass, Oil fields, Algae, Gas fields, Tables(Data), Ba-
lanus tintinnabulum.
PB81-19244S PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume VI. Currents and Hydrography
of the Buccaneer Field and Adjacent Waters.
Annual rept,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
L. J. Danek, and M. S. Tomlinson. Nov 80,65p NOAA-
TM-NMFS-SEFC-40, NOAA-81021703
See also Volume 5, PB81-192437 and Volume 8,
PB81 -192452. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in co-
operation with Hazeleton Environmental Sciences,
Northbrook, IL.
Four seasonal hydrographic surveys were conducted
in the vicinity of the Buccaneer Oil Field in an effort to
describe the physical environment in and around a
producing oil and gas field. The measurements made
included currents, wind, waves, total suspended
solids, and hydrographic parameters including temper-
ature, salinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and
transmissivity. The results of the study indicated that
the area can best be described as a mixing zone for
coastal and offshore waters.
Keywords: 'Ocean currents, 'Oceanographlc data,
'Water pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Offshore structures,
Environmental impacts, Ocean temperature, Salinity,
Conductivity, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, pH, Oil fields,
Gas fields.
PB81-192452
PC A07/MF A01
rch performed during 1978-79 was designed to
additional Information about the effects of off-
SJWe. platforms and effluents on biofouling communi-
5? antl to obtain information about the functioning of
108 system. Produced water was confirmed to be char-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume VIII. Trace Metals. Annual rept,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
J. B. Tillery. Nov 80,127p NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-42,
NOAA-81021702
See also Volume 6, PB81 -192445 and Volume 10,
PB81-193229. Sponsored in part by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in co-
operation with Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio,
TX.
Concentrations gradients of Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sr,
and Zn in surficial sediments at platform structures are
not related to the hydrated iron fraction of the sedi-
ments or the sediment grain size. This suggests these
metals have an input that is related to the platform
structures or petroleum production activities. There
are seasonal variation in the concentration and distri-
bution of these metals in the sediments near the plat-
form structures. Produced brine samples contain
higher concentrations of Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn and Sr relative
to sea water. Seasonal variations in heavy metal con-
centrations in sheepshead and spadefish are not nec-
essarily related to the platform structures.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
•Mexico Gulf, Offshore structures,
Concentration(Composltlon), Barium, Chromium, Iron,
Manganese, Strontium, TablesflData), Oil fields, Gas
fields, Seasonal variations, Atomic spectroscopy,
Fishes, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB81-192833 PC A06/MF A01
Radioactivity In Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
C. Richard Cothern. Jan 81,79p EPA-570/9-81 -002
This general overview is designed to assist those in-
volved with public health and drinking water to better
understand, interpret and implement EPA's regulation
for radioactivity in drinking water. In this presentation
"the general nuclear properties are shown using natu-
rally occurring isotopes such as radium, radon and ura-
nium as examples, the units of radio-activity (curie, rad
and rem) are explained and demonstrated in describ-
ing natural radiation; in our surroundings and bodies as
well as man-made radiation from medical x-rays, TV,
fallout, industrial uses and nuclear power plants and
other sources. The health effects discussed Include
birth defects, genetic damage, cancers, leukemias and
others. Several specific examples are given in each
disease area as well as their relative importance or
rate of occurrence. The risk (in deaths/million people
exposed/yr) is tabulated for radioactivity and com-
pared to several other cases including disease, acci-
dents and weather. Possible methods Tor reducing the
radioactivity In drinking water are described. Flow
charts are provided that show how to interpret the radi-
ation regulations for drinking water.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Potable
water, 'Health physics, 'Radiation effects, 'Radioac-
tivity, Radiation hazards, Regulations, Public health,
Drinking water, Health hazards, Environmental health.
PB81-193021 PC AOS/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owner* and Operators of
Hazardous waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004;
Proposed Additions to Standard* for Hazardous
Wast* Incineration (40 CFR 284.342 and 264.343).
Background document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jan81,93pMS-1941.33
These are the major technical requirements which pro-
vide the basis for issuing permits under Part 122 of the
regulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Regulations, Waste
disposal, Requirements, Facilities, Licenses, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Waste man-
agement.
PB81-193229 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Qas and
OH Field In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume X. Hydrodynamlc Modeling.
Annual rept.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
G. Smedes, J. Caiman, and J. Beebe. Nov 80,115p
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-44, NOAA-81021701
See also Volume 8, PB81-192452. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Research
ana Technology, Houston, TX.
A dispersion model has been developed for pollutant
discharges from the Buccaneer Oil Field in the Gulf of
Mexico. The model requires input data for subsurface
currents, wind speed and direction, platform geometry,
pollutant source strength, and particle size distribution,
at regular time intervals. The distributions of floating,
sinking, and vertically mixed pollutants are calculated
separately. Output from the model includes graphs
which show the growth of the turbulent wake down-
stream from the platform, the change In pollutant con-
centrations over time and distrance transported, tra-
jectories of floating and subsurface pollutants, and set-
tling times for particles of various sizes.
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Ocean currents, 'Water
pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Dispersing, Mathematical
models, Oil fields, Gas fields, Wind velocity, Offshore
structures, Mixing, Particle size, Tables(Data).
PB81-183246 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentration*
of Selected Chemical*.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
1980,1219p-in3v
Set Includes PB81-193252, PB8M93260, and PB81-
193278. Sponsored in part by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
December 1983 1079
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
No abstract available.
PB81-193262 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentration
of Selected Chemicals. Volume I.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
1980,500p
See also Volume 2, PB81 -193260. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.Portions of this document are not fully legi-
ble.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
193245.
Population exposure was estimated for 29 selected
chemicals or groups of chemicals emitted Into the am-
bient air. The exposure assessments identify types
and locations of sources of air pollution; estimate
emissions, ambient concentrations, and surrounding
populations; and provide rough order-of-magnitude es-
timates of the number of people exposed to various
concentrations of the individual chemicals on a nation-
wide basis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology, Data bases, Ex-
posure, Concentration(Composition), Dosage, Public
health, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Envi-
ronmental health, 'Toxic substances, Health risks.
PB81-193260 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentrations
of Selected Chemicals. Volume II.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
1980,434p
See also Volume 1, PB81-193252, and PB81-193278.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
193245.
Population exposure was estimated for 29 selected
chemicals or groups of chemicals emitted Into the am-
bient air. The exposure assessments identify types
and locations of sources of air pollution; estimate
emissions, ambient concentrations, and surrounding
populations; and provide rough order-of-magnltude es-
timates of the number of people exposed to various
concentrations of the individual chemicals on a nation-
wide basis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology, Data bases, Ex-
posure, Concentratlon(Composition), Dosage, Public
health, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Envi-
ronmental health, 'Toxic substances, Health risks.
PB81-193278 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentrations
of Selected Chemicals.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
1980,285p
See also PB81 -193260. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
193245.
Population exposure was estimated for four chemicals
emitted into the ambient air. The exposure assess-
ments identify types and locations of sources of air
pollution; estimate emissions, ambient concentrations,
and surrounding populations; and provide rough,
order-of-magnitude estimates of the number of people
exposed to various concentrations of the individual
chemicals on a nationwide basis.
Keywords: 'Acrylonitriles, 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology,
Data bases, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Dosage, Public health, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Environmental health, 'Toxic substances,
Health risks.
PB81-19362S
PC A05/MF A01
Needs Survey (1980): Cost Estimates for Con-
struction of Publicly-Owned Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Dlv.
Feb81,99pEPA-430/9-81-001,
efficient method of selecting controls. In answering
these questions, the authors draw a sharp owtincroii
between bias caused by confounding In the P°Pulf™£"
and bias caused by the method used to select nw
sample.
FRD-19
This report has a detailed estimate of the cost of con-
struction of all needed publicly-owned treatment works
in all of the States, to meet the 1983 goals of the Act.
Also included in this report are estimates of the total
current expenditures for municipal waste treatment in
the Nation, as well as projections of those costs to the
year 2000.
Keywords: 'Construction costs, 'Cost estimates,
'Sewage treatment, Surveys, Expenses, Allocations,
National government, States(United States), Urban
areas, Rural areas, Tables(Data), 'Sewage treatment
plants.
P881-194094 PCA03/MFA01
Evaluation of the Applicability of Inspection/Main-
tenance Tests on a Toyota Cellca Supra. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Bill Smuda. Dec 80, 42p EPA-AA-IMS/80-9
This report presents test results which were gathered
to determine the suitability of existing I/M short tests
on a Toyota car with a computer based emission con-
trol system. This car had a microprocessor based fuel
Injection system and a small light-off catalyst followed
by a three-way catalyst. After suitable baselines were
established, various components were made inoper-
ative in the emission control system. Complete FTP,
HFET, and I/M tests were run for each vehicle condi-
tion. This report presents the measured data taken
during the tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Catalytic converters, Air pollution,
Performance evaluation, Toyota Celica Supra automo-
biles.
PB81-194102 PC A03/MF A01
Derivation of I/M Benefits for Post-1980 Light
Duty Vehicles for Low Altitude, Non-California
Areas. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Dave Hughes. Jan 80,28p EPA-AA-IMS/81-2
This report discusses the derivation of I/M benefits for
the post-1980 Federal fleet as contained In EPA's
emission factor model MOBILE2. As is widely recog-
nized, the post-1980 model year fleet will be predomi-
nantly composed of vehicles which employ what has
become known as three way catalyst technology. This
technology incorporates a sophisticated microproces-
sor-based engine control system which holds the air/
fuel ratio very close to stoichiometry, thereby allowing
the three way catalyst to simultaneously convert hy-
drocarbons JHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) to harmless by-products. As could be
expected, such a significant shift in technology will
have an impact on the expected in-use emissions per-
formance of these vehicles both with and without an
inspection and maintenance (I/M) program.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance evalua-
tion, Catalytic converters, Computer programs,
MOBILE2, computer program.
PB81-194110 PCA03/MFA01
Confounding and Selection Blae In Case Control
Studies,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Roderick J. A. Little, and Paul R. Rosenbaum. Jan 81,
27pEPA-520/8-81-004
In case-control studies, the role of adjustments for
bias, and in particular the role of matching, has been
extensively debated. However, the absence of a
formal statement of the problem has led to disagree-
ments, confusion, and occasionally to erroneous con-
clusions. This paper formulates precisely and answers
the following questions. (1) When is it necessary to
adjust for a variable Z. (2) Given that the data analysis
will adjust for the variable Z, is matching on Z the most
Keywords: 'Biometrics, 'Epidemiology, Re88"?)'
Design, Methodology, Populations, Statistical analysis-
PB81-194128 PC A12/MF A01
Water Quality and Pollutant Source Monitoring.
Field and Laboratory Procedures. Training
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Mar 81 , 261 p EPA-430/1 -81 -008
This report is designed for personnel engaged '" P™J
grams concerned with monitoring the quality of surtac"
waters. The report describes suitable methods, teen-
niques, and instrumentation used in field and laborato-
ry sampling and measurements in the chemical, DW"
logical, and bacteriological areas of water quality "«""'
torlng.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, Manuals,
Laboratories, Field tests, Collecting methods, Marine
biology, Sewage treatment, Chemical analysis, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Turbidity, Conductivity, cali-
brating, Bacteriology.
PB81-194189 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trlangw
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
proach to Urban Areas. Volume I: San Francisco/
Sacramento. Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whltten, H. Hogo, and R. G. Johnson. Jan 81 ,
1 16p SAI-32R-EF80-139, EPA-450/4-81 -005A
Contract EPA-68-02-3376
The EKMA was evaluated by comparison with more
complex models using common data bases for tns
San Francisco and Sacramento areas. The basic
model used in the EKMA is a simple, moving-air-
parcel, or trajectory, model that uses a detailed chemi-
cal mechanism for the surrogate propylene and butane
hydrocarbons. Time-dependent, precursor-emission
factors can be treated, along with expansion of the air
parcel, but entrainment is treated by assuming tnw
constant concentrations exist outside the parcel. This
basic model Is used to generate ozone isopleth dia-
grams for estimating ozone response to hydrocarbon
and nitrogen oxide controls. The comparison study in-
volved several levels of the EKMA system, from parts
of the basic model to control strategy predictions. For
the San Francisco area, the EKMA was compared with
the LIRAQ model, which had been used for the 1979
AQMP. For the Sacramento area, the EKMA was com-
pared with the SAI Airshed Model. When carefully ap-
plied, the EKMA produced results that typically agreed
with the more complex models. However, the evalua-
tion confirmed that care must be exercised in applying
the model to situations involving wind shear, complex
terrain features, and highly nonuniform emission den-
sities, and that caution must be used in Interpreting the
results of model applications to situations involving
these factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Nomographs, Urban areas, California, Hydro-
carbons, Nitrogen oxides, Propylene, Butanes, 'EKMA
models, 'San Francisco(California),
'Sacramento(Ca)ifornla), Emission factors.
PB81-194375 PC A18/MF A01
Report to Congress Industrial Cost Exclusion.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Water Program Operations.
Mar81,402p
This report Is a study of the effect of the Industrial Cost
Exclusion (ICE) on the construction grants program.
This study and the report were directed by the Con-
gress in section 4 of a recent amendment to the Feder-
al Water Pollution Control Act (Public Law 96-483).
The report reflects the full range of opinions expressed
to the Agency during the conduct of our study. Com-
ments and data were provided by water pollution con-
trol agencies of the several States, communities and
1080 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Industries that will be affected by the industrial cost ex-
mi M Tne reP°.rt analyzes the impacts on rural com-
munities and on industries in economically distressed
areas and areas with high unemployment.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water pollution control,
instruction, Grants, Industrial wastes, Financing,
Municipalities, Communities, TablesfData), National
government, Savings, States(United States), Inflation,
Economic indicators.
££81-196513 PC E14
federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
JJJice of Environment and Energy.
Nitric Oxide Measurement Study.
united Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
May80,436p-in3v
Contract DOT-FA77WA-4081
Set includes PB81-195521, PB81-195539 and PB81-
185547.
No abstract available.
Keywords: NTISEPAMAP.
£881-195521 PC A10/MF A01
pederal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
"ffloe of Environment and Energy.
Nitric Oxide Measurement Study: Optical Callbra-
*>n- Volume I,
united Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
L ?• Dodfi6-M-B' °°lket' I'1'M'F- Zabielski, J. Dusek,
and D. J. Seery. May 80,223p R79-994150-1, FAA-
te-80-28,, EPA-460/3-80-013
Contract DOT-FA77WA-4081
«ee also Volume 2, PB81-195539.
*lsp available in set of 3 reports PC E14, PB81-
185513.
Calibration devices suitable for providing known
amounts of nitric oxide (NO) at temperatures ranging
Jfom 300 K to 2000 K and pressures of 0.5 atm
JwykPa) to 2.0 atm (203kPa) are described with their
aesign considerations. Methods for confirming nitric
oxide concentrations are given. The spectroscopic
(neory for the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the
9amma(0,0) band of nitric oxide is reviewed. Experi-
mental values for oscillator strengths and broadening
Parameters for NO with various collision partners are
Provided. Experimental results confirming the adequa-
cy of a computer spectral model and, hence, the cali-
bration are presented along with the details of the
model. Finally, the results of an empirical calibration of
an infrared gas correlation spectrometer are given.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Air pollution, 'Gas
analysis. 'Optical measuring instruments,
Voncentration(Composition), Comparison, Upper at-
mosphere, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Infrared spectros-
jttpy, Calibrating, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
jon, Chemical analysis. Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollu-
»on detection, Numerical solution, NTISEPAMAP,
NTISDODAF, NTISNASA, NTISDOTFAA.
£681-195539 PC A06/MF A01
pederal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
Since of Environment and Energy.
Nnrtc Oxide Measurement Study: Probe Methods -
Volume II,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
CT.
M. B. Colket, III, M. F. Zabielski, L. J. Chlappetta, L. G.
Podge, and R. N. Guile. May 80,115p R79-994150-2,
fAA-EE-80-29,, EPA-460/3-80-014
Contract DOT-FA77WA-4081
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E14, PB81-
195513.
Experimental facilities used in studying the perform-
ance of probes and sampling systems for measuring
NO are described. A critical review of the literature on
Probe measurements of NOx is given with emphasis
on reported results indicating that probes may perturb
we total concentration of NOx in a flame. Also, sample
Hne and chemiluminescent analyzer phenomena are
reviewed. A model of probe aerodynamics including
neat transfer Is presented. Kinetics of NO loss are ex-
amined and quenching criteria for measuring nitric
oxide in flames are given. Sampling probes are de-
scribed that were designed to preserve NO and are
suitable for measurements on small and large com-
bustors. Probes were designed to cool the gases both
convectively and aerodynamically. Performance of
these probes is compared with model predictions.
Concentrations of nitric oxide were measured using
several probes for each of three flame environments.
The values measured with each probe are compared
and related to seed levels of NO. In addition, concen-
tration profiles required to compare probe measure-
ments with optical measurements are provided.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Air pollution, 'Gas
analysis, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Che-
miluminescence, Reaction kinetics, Aircarft, Exhaust
emissions, Comparison, Burners, Design criteria,
Chemical reactions, Mathematical models, 'Probes,
'Air pollution detection, Numerical solution, NTISEPA-
MAP, NTISDOTFAA, NTISDODAF, NTISNASA.
PB61-195547 PC A05/MF A01
Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
Office of Environment and Energy.
Nitric Oxide Measurement Study: Comparison of
Optical and Probe Methods - Volume III,
United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford,
M. F. Zabielski, L G. Dodge, M. B. Colket, III, and D. J.
Seery. May 80,98p R80-994150-3, FAA-EE-80-30,,
EPA-460/3-80-015
Contract DOT-FA77WA-4081
See also Volume 2, PB81 -195539.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E14, PB81-
195513.
Nitric oxide (NO) was measured in the exhaust of three
different combustion systems by in situ ultraviolet ab-
sorption and by chemiluminescent analysis after gas
sampling with several probe designs. The three com-
bustion systems were: (1) a flat flame burner fueled
with CH4/N2/O2; (2) a research swirl burner fueled
with C3H8/air; and, (3) a modified FT12 combustor op-
erated on Jet A/air. Each combustion system was run
at several different conditions so that probe and opti-
cal measurements could be obtained over a wide
range of exhaust environments encompassing prod-
ucts from lean, stoichiometric, and rich flames, laminar
to turbulent flows, and temperatures at centerline from
600 K to 1800 K. The results obtained with the metal-
lic, water-cooled probes of different designs (all expan-
sion-type) agreed with the optical results to within 25
percent. Some small losses of NO (10-15 percent)
were observed in a lean methane flame at 1800 K with
an uncooled stainless steel probe, but under fuel-rich
conditions up to 80 percent NO destruction was ob-
served. Experimental facilities are described, previous
results are discussed, and a summary of the major
findings of this study is given.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Air pollution,
'Probes, 'Optical measuring instruments, 'Gas analy-
sis, Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Ex-
haust emissions, Sampling, Burners, Design criteria,
Aircraft, Chemiluminescence, Ultraviolet spectrosco-
py, 'Air pollution detection, NTISEPAMAP, NTISDOT-
FAA. NTISDODAF, NTISNASA.
PB81-195760 PC A03/MF A01
Recommended Specifications for Emission In-
spection Analysers: Change Notice Number 1.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
William B. Clemmens. Mar 81.36p EPA-AA-IMS-80-5-
C
See also report dated Sep 80, PB81 -153504.
In September of 1980, EPA first published two techni-
cal reports dealing with I/M inspection analyzers. The
first report, 'Analysis of the Inspection Analyzer' dis-
cussed background information on the analyzers
themselves, provided a brief comparison of analyzer
specifications, listed some sample cost calculations,
and indicated a few policy implications. The second
report, 'Recommended Specifications for Emission In-
spection Analyzers' (PB81 -153504) IMS-80-5B de-
tailed the I/M Staffs findings on analyzer specifica-
tions for both a manually operated Inspection analyzer
and a computer operated inspection analyzer. The
technical report format used by the Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control has no formal mechanism
for Instituting a change to previous reports other than
publishing a new report This report constitutes such a
change notice to PB81-153504, and when published.
officially supersedes those portions of 80-5-B.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution, Performance evaluation,
Regulations, Maintenance, Standards, State govern-
ment, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-195885 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Maryland and Dela-
ware, Water Year 1980. Water-data rept.
Geological Survey, Towson, MD. Water Resources
Div.
Mar 81,441 p USGS-WDR-MD-DE-80-1, USGS/WRD/
HD-81/033
See also PB80-179211.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Mary-
land and Delaware consist of records of stage, dis-
charge, and water quality of streams; stage and con-
tents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground-water wells. This volume con-
tains records for water discharge at 110 gaging sta-
tions; stage and contents at 1 reservoir; water quality
at 46 gaging stations and 19 wells; and water levels at
27 observation wells. Also included are data for 14
crest-stage, 56 low-flow, and 4 tidal crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Mary-
land, 'Delaware, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels, NTISDIQSHD,
NTISDODA, NTISEPAG. NTISDINPS.
PB81-196420 PC A02/MF A01
Guidelines for the Interpretation of Air Quality
Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb77,22p
Supersedes PB80-223670.
This revised guideline document discusses a series of
issues concerning the interpretation of air quality data
with respect to the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards (NAAQS). This revision supersedes the original
August 1974 version of this document. The issues pre-
sented deal with points of interpretation that have fre-
quently resulted in requests for further clarification.
Each issue is presented with a recommendation and a
discussion indicating our current position. It is hoped
that this document will continue to be useful in the evo-
lutionary development of a uniform and consistent set
of criteria for relating ambient air quality data to the
NAAQS.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Guidelines, Air pollution, 'Air
quality data, 'National Ambient Air Quality Standards,
'Air pollution standards, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-196446 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Dynamometer and Track Measurement of Passen-
ger Car Fuel Economy. Final rept,
Falcon Research and Development Co., Buffalo, NY.
Jeffrey Bernard, and Sol Kaufman. Mar 81,137p EPA-
460/3-81-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2835
This report is an analysis of data obtained under a test-
Ing program conducted by the EPA. The analysis deals
with a subject of the wide range of factors that contrib-
ute to fuel economy differences measured on a road in
consumer service as compared to EPA estimates
using a dynamometer. Specifically, this report ana-
lyzes the relationship between the fuel economy of
production cars tested on dynamometer equipment
and the fuel economy they achieve when operated
over the same driving sequence on a test track. The
test track simulates a subset of driving conditions that
might be encountered In actual driving.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Dyna-
mometers, Performance evaluation, Road testa, Anal-
ysis of variance, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-196487 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
December 1983 1081
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Atmospheric Chemistry of PCBs and PAHs.
Volume 9. Final rept. 1974-79,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
A. W. Andren, P. V. Doskey, and J. W. Strand. Mar 80,
126p EPA-905/4-79-029-I
Grant EPA-R-005142
The air over Lake Michigan was sampled during 1977
to develop a collection method for PCBs and obtain
data about their atmospheric transport and dry deposi-
tion onto the lake. A resin, XAD-2, was the most effi-
cient collection medium for PCS vapor and was incor-
porated into standard high volume air samples for the
collection of paniculate and vapor phase PCBs. PCS
concentrations in air samples taken over Lake Michi-
gan were lower than those taken from urban areas;
i.e., Milwaukee. Aroclors 1242 and 1254 were the main
components of vapor phase PCBs while in some in-
stances the paniculate phase PCBs contained Aroclor
1260. The paniculate phase PCBs over Lake Michigan
contained a larger percentage of the more volatile mix-
tures than those reported in urban areas such as Chi-
cago and Milwaukee. PCBs tend to associate with par-
ticulates 0.002 to 0.1 micrometer in diameter. The
amount and organic carbon content of the paniculate
phase appear to control vaporization and revolatiliza-
tion of PCBs.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Lake Michigan, 'Pesticides,
'Water pollution, Panicles, Transport properties, Dep-
osition, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Vapor-
ization, Volatilization, Flux(Rate), 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Air-water interfaces, Aroclor 1242, Aroclor
1254, XAD-2 resin, Aroclor 1260, Numerical solution,
NTISEPAELA.
PB81-196503 PC A04/MF A01
Sediment Removal as a Lake Restoration Tech-
nique,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Spencer A. Peterson. Feb81,63p* EPA-600/3-81-013
Sediment removal as a lake restoration technique is
reviewed to examine its positive and negative aspects.
The effectiveness and longevity of the process is con-
sidered in terms of retarding eutrophication and reduc-
ing the impacts of toxic substances. Freshwater lake
sediment removal is usually undertaken to deepen a
lake thereby increasing its volume to enhance fish pro-
duction, to remove nutrient rich sediment, to remove
toxic or hazardous material, or to reduce the abun-
dance of rooted aquatic plants. Review of more than
60 projects and examination of five case histories re-
veals that the first three objectives are usually met
through sediment removal.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Dredging, 'Lakes, 'Water
pollution control, Removal, Nutrients, Aquatic plants,
Hazardous materials, Cost analysis, Drawdown, Exca-
vation, Earth handling equipment, Hydraulic equip-
ment, Phosphorus, Eutrophication, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196511 PCA03/MFA01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Precipitation and Inactlvatlon of Phosphorus as a
take Restoration Technique,
Kent State Univ., OH. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
G. Dennis Cooke, and Robert H. Kennedy. Feb 81,
49p*EPA-600/3-81-012
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer Water-
ways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Many eutrophic lakes respond slowly following nutrient
diversion because of long water retention times, and
the recycling of phosphorus from sediments and other
internal sources. Treatment of lakes with aluminum
sulfate and/or sodium aluminate Is a successful
method for removing phosphorus from the water
column. Twenty-eight lake projects treated with alumi-
num salts are reviewed and summarized. The tech-
nique is successful when sufficient doses of aluminum
are applied, however, a few undesirable side effects
such as reduced planktonic micro-crustacea species
diversity an increases in rooted plant biomass may
occur. Two methods for determining aluminum sulfate
doses are compared. Maximum dose, is defined as
that dose which reduces pH to 6, a pH favorable for
forming insoluble aluminum hydroxide and for assuring
that dissolved aluminum remains below potentially
toxic concentrations. Lake dosage can be easily deter-
mined prior to application by titrating several lake
water samples of varying alkalinity with aluminum sul-
fate, determining maximum dose for each sample, and
establishing a relationship between alkalinity and
dose.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution
control, pH, Aluminum sulfate, Crustacea, Sodium,
Aluminates, Dosage, 'Eutrophication, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196560 PC A06/MF A01
The Effects of a Squat Building on Short Stack Ef-
fluents: A Wind Tunnel Study. Fluid modeling rept.
no. 8,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Alan H. Huber, William H. Snyder, Roger S. Thompson,
and Robert E. Lawson, Jr. Dec 80,118p EPA-600/4-
80-055
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
In a wind tunnel study, the influence of the highly turbu-
lent region found in the lee of a model building upon
plumes emitted from short stacks was examined
through smoke visualization and tracer gas concentra-
tion mappings. The study was conducted in the Mete-
orological Wind Tunnel of the EPA Fluid Modeling Fa-
cility. A thick, simulated atmospheric boundary layer
was used to provide background dispersion. A rectan-
gular shaped building with its length equal to twice its
height and width was oriented perpendicular to the ap-
proaching wind. In all phases of this study each situa-
tion was repeated with the building removed. This al-
lowed for a simple demonstration of the building wake
effects. A simple mathematical model provided good
estimates of concentrations in the building wake. The
building influence was found to be reduced with in-
creases in the effective source height. Application of
the '21 /2 times rule,' that is, an effective source height
greater than 21/2 times the height of the building,
avoids significant influence by the building on the maxi-
mum ground-level concentration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chimneys, 'Atmospheric
diffusion, 'Wind tunnels, Plumes, Mathematical
models, Wake detection, Concentration(Composition),
Smoke, Gaussian plume models, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196578 PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Function and Pathology In Cats Ex-
posed 28 Days to Diesel Exhaust. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
William E. Pepelko, Joan K. Mattox, You Yen Yang,
and Wellington Moore, Jr. 10 Nov 80,11 p EPA-600/ J-
80-180
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4-2,3:449-4581980.
Young adult male cats were exposed 28 days, 20
hours per day, to a 1:14 dilution of diesel exhaust emis-
sions. Following termination of exposure, the following
pulmonary function measurements were carried out:
lung volumes, maximum expiratory flow rates (MEF),
MEF at 50%, 25% and 10% of vital capacity (VC):
forced expiratory volume (FEV) after 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4
seconds, dynamic compliance, resistance and helium
washout at 25,50,75 and 100 breaths per minute. The
only significant functional change was a decrease in
MEF at 10% of VC (P= .02). The lungs of the exposed
cats appeared charcoal grey with frequent focal black
spots visible for the pleural surface. Pathologic
changes in the exposed cats included a predominantly
peribronchiolar localization of black-pigmented macro-
phages within the alveoli producing a focal pneumoni-
tis or alveolitis. In general, evidence of serious lung
damage was not observed following the 28-day expo-
sure period.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Exhaust gases, Pathology,
Respiratory system, Cats, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Concentration(Composition), Lung, Reprints,
•Diesel engine exhaust, 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollu-
tion erfects(Animals), NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196S86 PC A02/MF A01
Asbestos-Cement Materials Used In Water Supply.
An Assessment of Current Information on the Oc-
currence and Question of Health Risk of Asbestos
Fibers In Drinking Water Supplies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Millette, M. F. Pansing, and R. L Boone. 23 Apr
81,6p EPA-600/J-80-115
Pub. in Water Engineering and Management
128(3):48,51,60,97 Mar 81.
An assessment of current information on the occur-
rence and question of health risk of asbestos fibers in
drinking water supplies.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Fibers, Cements, Occurrence, Reprints, Drinking
water, Health risks.
PB81-196594 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Measurement Methodology for
Evaluating Fugitive Partlculate Emissions,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Edward E. Uthe, John M. Livingston, Clyde L. Witham,
and Norman B. Nielsen. May 81,71 p EPA-600/2-81-
070
Contract EPA-68-02-2752
A measurement methodology to evaluate fugitive par-
ticulate emissions was developed and demonstrated.
The project focused on the application of the lidar
(laser radar) technique under field conditions, but in
circumstances that simplified and controlled the varia-
bles of the general problem. The lidar was used to
make elevation scans perpendicular to an aerosol
plume generated by controlled release of paniculate
material into the atmosphere. The lidar backscatter
and these values were related to independently meas-
ured paniculate emission rates. Very high correlation
was obtained between time-averaged lidar observa-
tions and emission rates (correlation coefficients of 0.8
or better in most runs), with substantially less correla-
tion for individual lidar observations. Relatively high
correlation also was obtained between smoke reader
data (opacity) with smoke emission rate and with lidar
backscatter. For dense smokes, attenuation of the
lidar energy was shown to be of importance in inter-
preting data in terms of smoke concentration. The lidar
was used at the site of an actual fugitive paniculate
source to demonstrate that appropriate data can be
collected for measurement of source emission rate.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Optical radar,
Remote sensing, Methodology, Field tests, Plumes,
Smoke, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Sampling, 'Fu-
gitive emissions, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196602 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH-
Environmental Perspective on the Emerging OH
Shale Industry. Volume 2. Appendices.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Apr 81,442p EPA-600/2-80-205B
Contract EPA-68-03-2569
See also Volume 1, PB81 -186942.
This report contains the following appendices: Status
and development of the oil shale industry; Procedures
for ambient air monitoring; Environmental monitoring
activities-past, present and proposed; Applicable Fed-
eral, state and local legislation, standards and regula-
tions; Quality assurance bibliography; Federal and
state permits required for operation of an oil shale fa-
cility.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Oil shale, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Health,
Sampling, Legislation, Regulations, Standards, Li-
censes, Monitoring, Guidelines, 'Oil shale industry,
•Resource development, Health hazards, Pollution
control, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196610
PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
EPA Program Status Report: Oil Shale 1980
Update.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Jul 80,73p EPA-600/7-80-069
Contract EPA-68-01 -5845
See also PB-294 998.
This report provides the reader with an overview of
current EPA oil shale research and development (R &
D) and projects funded by EPA monies passed-
through to other Federal agencies under the five year
old, 17-agency Interagency Energy/Environment R &
D Program. Chapter 1 Introduces the purpose, back-
ground, and rationale of EPA's efforts; Chapter 2 sum-
1082 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
, 67p EPA-600/7-
fnarizes EPA program goals in these areas: overall as-
sessments, processing extraction and handling,
energy-related processes and effects and end use;
Chapter 3 presents the scope of work and status for all
current projects. A table summarizes these projects,
[rating project, title, project contact, duration, contrac-
w, and funding. The following appendices are includ-
es: World Resources and Development History, Glos-
sary of Terms, Glossary of Abbreviations, General Bib-
liography on Oil Shale.
Keywords: *Oil shale, 'Research projects. Objectives,
environmental impacts, Ecology, Reserves, Extrac-
"on, Air pollution, Water pollution, Monitoring, Proc-
essing, Mining, Vegetation, Solid waste disposal, Re-
t P£"' ^ace elements, Geochemistry, 'Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Fugitive emissions, Health ef-
'ects, Synthetic fuels, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196628 PC A04/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-fired Boilers
'or Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment - Sites L1-L7. Final rept. Feb 78-May 79,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
J-W. Davis, and H. K. Owens. Feb 81,67p
81-020A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA. See also PB80-212988.
The report gives results of field measurements to de-
jjjrmine partlculate emission rate and particle size dis-
tribution for seven institutional-type stoker-fired boilers
"ring bituminous coals. Operational data were record-
ed during the tests to provide information for evaluat-
lr|g boiler emissions as a function of boiler load, heat
release rates, coal size and characteristics, percent
excess combustion air, and flue gas temperature. All
"Oilers were tested under normal operating conditions
« loads of 50-75% of maximum boiler capacity. The
Wes of stokers tested included single retort under-
jeed, multiple retort underfeed, traveling grate over-
'eed, and vibrating grate overfeed. The report de-
scribes the seven boiler-stoker units, test port loca-
"ons, and test equipment and procedures, and sum-
marizes test results and operations. The paniculate
"lass emission rate from high stack velocity sites was
greater than from lower stack velocity sites, whether or
not a collector was used: the statistical correlation co-
efficient was 0.83 with collectors and 0.98 without. The
units tested can operate at 50-75% load with uncon-
trolled particulate emission rates, well below the calcu-
ated value of five times the weight percentage of ash
in coal recommended in 'Compilation of Air Pollution
Factors,' AP-42. Data indicate that 50% of the mass at
the boiler outlet consists of less than 30 micrometer di-
ameter particles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Boilers, 'Stokers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particle size
Distribution, Performance evaluation, Flue gases, Field
tests, Efficiency, Sites, Sampling, Design criteria, NTI-
PB81-196636 PC E08/MF A01
Uke Michigan Intensive Survey 1976-1977. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
David C. Rockwell, David S. DeVault, III, Marvin F.
Palmer, Clyde V. Marion, and Robert J. Bowden. Dec
80,199p EPA-905/4-80-003A
Includes five sheets of 24X reduction microfiche. ,
The Great Lakes monitoring program is a cooperative
effort involving several government agencies and uni-
versities with the USEPA's Great Lakes National Pro-
gram Office providing overall coordination. A complete
description is provided of methods and locations for all
nearshore and open lake cruises in 1976 and 1977. In
comparing the southern basin survey data from 1976
with the 1977 observations, a large and apparently
natural removal of phosphorus occurred between the
two surveys. The observed decrease of phosphorus
may be due to the severe winter and extensive ice
cover of 1976-1977.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Great
Lakes, Monitoring, Phytoplankton, Nutrients, Sodium,
Chlorides, Depth, Turbidity, pH, Temperature, Nitro-
gen, Ammonia, Bactena, Metals, Conductivity,
Tables(Data), Sites, Primary biological productivity,
NTISEPAELA.
PB81-196644 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps 1948-1952.
Appendix A. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
David E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,321 p EPA-600/3-80-043B
Grant EPA-R-803896
See also PB81-196974 and Appendix B, PB81-
196651.
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1948-1952.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Trends, Seasonal variations,
Air masses, Tables(Data), Maps, Eastern
RegionfUnited States).
PB81-196651 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps 1953-1957.
Appendix B. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
David E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,352p EPA-600/3-80-043C
Grant EPA-R-803896
See also Appendix C, PB81-196669.
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1953-1957.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Trends, Seasonal variations,
Air masses, Tables(Data), Maps, Eastern
Region(United States).
PB81-198669 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps 1968-1962.
Appendix C. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Daivd E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway. and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,349p EPA-600/3-80-043D
Grant EPA-R-803896
See also Appendix D, PB81 -196677.
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1958-1962.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Trends, Seasonal variations,
Air masses, Tables(Data), Maps, Eastern
Region(United States).
PB81-196677 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps 1963-1967.
Appendix D. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
David E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,350p EPA-600/3-80-043E
Grant EPA-R-803896
See also Appendix E. PB81 -196685.
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1963-1967. Daily mean extinction coefficient
maps illustrate the formation and movement of air
masses with reduced visibility; they are supplemented
by tables and stripcharts of regional meteorological
parameters..
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Trends, Seasonal variations.
Air masses, Eastern Region(United States).
PB81-196685 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps 1968-1972.
Appendix E. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
David E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,350p EPA-600/3-80-043F
Grant EPA-R-803896
See also Appendix A, PB81 -196644.
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1968-1972. Daily mean extinction coefficient
maps illustrate the formation and movement of air
masses with reduced visibility; they are supplemented
by tables and stripcharts of regional meteorological
parameters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Seasonal variations, Air
masses, Tables(Data), Maps, Eastern Region(Unlted
States).
PB81-196743 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Augmenting In-Use Fuel Economy Data Bases
with Topographic, Demographic and Climatic
Data. Final rept.,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Gins, Carol Furutani, and George Rakuljic. Apr
81,100p* EPA-460/3-81-004
Contract EPA-68-03-2837
The EPA asked Technology Service Corporation
(TSC) to augment several in-use fuel economy data
files >"ith information on the climatic, topographic, and
demographic conditions under which the in-use data
were collected. This report describes the type of varia-
bles and data sources added to the in-use data, the
method for augmenting specific In-use data files, and
how the appended data were analyzed to determine
vehicle exposure regions. In-depth information about
the in-use fuel economy data is not provided in this
report.
Keywords: Motor vehicles, Fuel consumption, Climate,
Climatology, Demography, Topography, Computer
programming, 'Fuel economy.
PB81-196768 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Removal of Trace Organlcs from Drinking
Water Using Activated Carbon and Polymeric Ad-
sorbents. Final rept. Jun 76-May 80,
Missouri Unlv.-Columbia. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
John T. O'Connor. Diane Badorek, and Leon Thiem.
May 81,111p' EPA-600/2-81 -077
Grant EPA-R-804433
A pilot plant was operated at the Kansas City Missouri
Water treatment Plant to study adsorption as a means
of removing trihalomethanes and total organic carbon
from drinking water. The pilot plant consisted of 15 col-
umns 6 Inches in diameter and each containing about
a 3 ft depth of a granular adsorbent. Granular activated
carbons and polymeric adsorbents were compared in
four extended tests conducted over periods of 183,
111, 65 and 129 days. The pilot plant studies demon-
strated the effects of regeneration, variations in trace
organic concentration, and depth of adsorbent on
trace organic removal including effluent concentration
and adsorption capacity.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Ad-
sorbents, 'Organic compounds, Chemical
removalfWater treatment), Polymers, Activated
carbon, Pilot plants, Concentration(Composltlon),
Kansas City(Missouri).
December 1983 1083
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-196776 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Bench Scale Evaluation of Resins and Activated
Carbons for Water Purification. Final rept. Jun 76-
May BO,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champalgn. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
V. L Snoeylnk, W. A. Chudyk, D. D. Beckmann, P. H.
Boenlng, and T. J. Temperly. May 81.62p* EPA-600/
2-81-078
Grant EPA-R-804433
Prepared in cooperation with American Water Works
Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
Adsorption isotherms and bench scale column studies
were used to compare the performance of five types of
commercially available activated carbon and four
types of resin for the removal of humic acids, fulvlc
acids, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and chloroform from
water. For the adsorption of humic materials, some of
the activated carbons and the weak base phenol form-
aldehyde resins performed satisfactorily. The same
activated carbons provided satisfactory removal of
MIB although the capacity was reduced somewhat in
the presence of humic acid. The carbonaceous resin
and one of the activated carbons had about the same
capacity for chloroform removal at concentrations
under 0.5 mg/l. The presence of 10 mg/l of humic acid
had little effect on their capacity for adsorbing chloro-
form.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Adsorption, Activated
carbon treatment, Ion exchange resins, Performance
evaluation, Humic acids, Fulvlc acids, Chloroform, Iso-
borneol/methyl, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196784 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trace Organlcs Removal Using Activated Carbon
and Polymeric Adsorbents. Final rept. Jun 76-May
80,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Engineering Research Inst.
Charles Oulman. May 81,53p* EPA-600/2-81-079
Grant EPA-R-804433
Prepared In cooperation with American Water Works
Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
A survey of trace organic matter in 14 water supplies
was conducted and an Investigation was made to com-
pare the effectiveness of granular activated carbon
with polymeric adsorbents for removing the trace or-
ganic matter from one of these water supplies. The
study was conducted In three parts by three universi-
ties. The water quality survey was conducted by the
Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University to determine
monthly concentrations of trihalomethanes and TOG,
as well as the occurrence of selected organic com-
pounds listed In the Federal Register and mutagenicity
as measured by the Ames test. Most of the water sup-
plies tested should be able to meet trace organics re-
quirements with conventional treatment methods.
Bench scale tests were conducted at the University of
Illinois-Urbane to select a granular activated carbon
and a polymeric adsorbent for side-by-slde compari-
son In a pilot plant at the Kansas City Missouri Water
Treatment Plant. The pilot plant was operated by the
University of Missouri-Columbia. The pilot plant tests
demonstrated that the kinds of granular activated
carbon that are used in water supply applications are
capable of removing organic matter covering a wide
range of molecular weights. The polymeric resins were
much more limited in the range of organic matter they
would remove.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Adsorbents, Potable
water, Polymers, Activated carbon, Pilot plants, Com-
parison, 'Organic matter, Granular activated carbon
treatment, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196792 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Synoptic Survey of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Input* to the Southern California Bight Volume I:
Summary Report. Final rept. Oct 72-May 76,
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Authority, Long Beach.
David R. Young, Theadore C. Heesen, and Deirdre J.
McDermott. May 81,70p EPA-600/3-81-031A
Grant EPA-R-803707
See also Volume 2, PB81 -198800.
Of the seven input routes investigated (municipal
wastewater, direct industrial discharge, vessel antifoul-
ing paints, harbor flushing, surface runoff, dry aerial
fallout, and ocean current advection), during 1971-72
the largest quantities of DDTs and PCBs (the major
residues observed) were carried via the submarine dis-
charge of municipal wastewater. The inputs decreased
sharply between 1971 and 1975 and dry aerial fallout
became the predominant input route. Distributions of
DDT residues in bottom sediments and organisms
showed distinct gradients toward the predominant
source, the Los Angeles County municipal wastewater
outfalls, where concentrations exceeded control levels
by factors of 100-1000. PCBs and chlorinated ben-
zenes were found to be ubiquitous contaminants of the
municipal wastewaters studies.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Southern California
Bight, 'Water pollution, DDT, Dieldrin, Benzene, Mu-
nicipalities, Waste water, Surface water runoff, Har-
bors, Sea water, Fallout, Sediments, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196800 PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Synoptic Survey of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
Inputs to the Southern California Bight. Volume II:
Appendices. Final rept. Oct 72-May 76,
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Authority, Long Beach.
David R. Young, Theadore C. Heesen, and Deirdre J.
McDermott. May 81,190p EPA-600/3-81-031B
Grant EPA-R-803707
See also Volume 1, PB81-196792.
This volume lists the several thousand individual
values obtained for various chlorinated hydrocarbons
under this grant, plus related data and supportive infor-
mation. The eleven appendices are entitled Analytical
Procedures, Municipal Wastewater, Direct Industrial
Discharges, Vessel Antifoullng Paints, Harbor Flush-
ing, Surface Runoff, Aerial Fallout, Ocean Current Ad-
vection, Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Dispersion Mecha-
nisms, HCB in Wastewater, and Publications Pro-
duced.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Southern California
Bight, 'Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Antifouling
coatings, Harbors, Surface water runoff, Fallout,
Ocean currents, Harbors, Sea water, Bacteria, Algae,
Dispersing, Sediments, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-1M834 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation Reaction* In Aqueous
Solution*. Final rept. Aug 77-Dec 80,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA. Chemistry and
Physics Lab.
L. R. Martin, D. E. Damschen, and H. D. Judeikis. May
81,38pATR-81(7700)-1,EPA-600/7-81-085
Contract EPA-68-02-2702
This is the final report on a three year protect to study
the kinetics and mechanisms of some 105 reactions
involving the aqueous oxidation of sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides In mixed catalyst-oxidant systems at
low pH (0-3). The 105 systems involve six redox reac-
tion types: SO2/02; S02/NOx; SO2/H202; SO2/O3;
NOx/03; NOx/H2O2. Mn(+2) and Fe(+2) are the
only Important metal catalysts. In the SO2/NOx
system the reaction Is rapid producing N20. The SO2/
H2O2 is extremely rapid and coulcf account for the
rapid formation of sulfate In the atmosphere when sig-
nificant amounts of aerosol are present. The SO2/O3
reaction is not as rapid as the peroxide but the relative
concentrations of the two makes the ozone reaction
also significant.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Reaction kinetics, Oxidation, Solutions, Catal-
ysis, Ozone, Laboratory equipment,
ConcentrationjComposition), 'Atmospheric chemistry,
Procedures, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196925 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Irrigation Tallwater Management Rnal rept.,
California Univ., Davis. Dept of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
Kenneth K. Tanji, James W. Blggar, Robert J. Miller,
William O. Pruitt, and Gerald L. Horner. Mar 81,130p
EPA-600/2-81-034A
Grant EPA-R-803603
Prepared in cooperation with Economics, Statistics,
and Cooperatives Service, Davis, CA.
This study was undertaken to obtain information and
data on irrigation tail-water and other components of ir-
rigation return flows from two representative sites In
the Central Valley of California. Extensive data on the
quality and quantity of supply and drainage waters
were collected for the 1975-77 period from the 664 sq
km Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District and the 113 kffl
Colusa Basin Drain in the Sacramento Valley, and the
1,620 sq km Mendota-Crows Landing Return Flow
Group in the west side of the San JoaquTn Valley.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
Irrigation canals, Licenses, Drainage, Water flow, Cost
analysis, Water pollution control, Feasibility, California,
'Return flow, Tailwater, Water costs, Best manage-
ment practice, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-196933 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Engineering Assessment of Vermlcompostlng Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Sludges. Final rept. Jun 79-Jun
80.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
May 81,88p EPA-600/2-81-075
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
Vermlcompostlng - the biological degradation of or-
ganic matter that occurs as earthworms feed on waste
materials - has been advocated by some as a means
of stabilizing and disposing of municipal wastewater
sludges. Vermicomposting is being attempted on an
experimental scale, the process has been found to be
feasible and potentially competitive economically with
conventional sludge-stabilization techniques such as
landspreadlng of liquid sludge and static-pile compost-
ing. Only vermicomposting of liquid primary and waste
activated sludges appears competitive at present
stages of development. Costs developed for the ver-
micomposting of liquid sludges in protected facilities
are estimated at $105 to $235 per ton. The question of
whether vermicomposting is the equivalent of conven-
tional processes in stabilizing sludge and reducing
pathogens in It remains to be answered at demonstra-
tion scale.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sludge digestion, Bio-
deterioration, Dewatering, Activated sludge process,
Cost estimates, Worms, Life cycles, Performance eval-
uation, Design, Equipment, Market value, Marketing,
Public health, Odors, Runoff, Cost comparison, 'Ver-
micomposting, Earth worms, Land application, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-196941 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Waste Discharge Monitoring Requirement* Under
the NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System) Permit* Program. Final rept. 30 Oct
78-30 Jan 80,
Systems Research Co., Philadelphia, PA.
Susan R. Moore. May 81,517p EPA-600/4-81-033
Contract EPA-68-03-2750
This manual was prepared to provide a tool to aid the
Equivalency staff of the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory - Cincinnati in evaluating applica-
tions for alternate analytical methods under the Na-
tional Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Permits Program. The 'Effluent Guidelines
and Standards' point source category subparts were
examined to identify the appropriate Standard Industri-
al Classification codes, and the analytical parameters
for required testing for Best Practicable Technology,
1977 and Best Available Technology, 1983. A sample
of 1051 actual NPDES Permits from the ten Environ-
mental Protection Agency Regions was analyzed to
determine which parameters are required to be moni-
tored by each Industry.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste water, 'Water
analysis, Monitoring, Licenses, Regulations,
Tables(Data), Manuals, Detergents, Metals, Asbestos,
Mine waters, Chemical compounds, Food processing,
Seafood, Wood products, Hydrocarbons, Classifica-
tions, Chemical analysis, Best available technology,
NTISEPAORD.
1084 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-196974 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S., Dally
and Quarterly Extinction Coefficient Contour
Maps. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
pavld E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolph
Husar. May 80,116p EPA-600/3-BO-043A
Qrant EPA-R-803896
The changes and causes of reduced visibility In the
eastern UTS. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps of local midday extinction coef-
ficients (Inversely related to visibility) are presented.
pally mean extinction coefficient maps Illustrate the
formation and movement of air masses with reduced
visibility; they are supplemented by tables and strip-
charts of regional meteorological parameters. Plots of
quarterly average extinction coefficients Illustrate the
long term seasonal and spatial trends of visibility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, Trends, Seasonal
variations, Sites, Qraphs(Charts),
Concentratlon(Compoaltion), 'Eastern Reglon(Unlted
States), 'Air pollution sampling, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-197089 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
f ark, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Methodology to Conduct Air Quality Assessments
of National Mobile Source Emission Control Strat-
egies. Final rept,
energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
James H. Wilson, Jr., and Mark A. Scruggs. Oct 80,
103p' EPA-450/4-80-026
Contract EPA-88-02-3371
This report describes a methodology for conducting air
quality assessments of national mobile source emis-
sion control strategies using the Modified Rollback
Model and standard EKMA isopleths. Both modified
rollback and EKMA are simple models which do not re-
quire extensive data bases. As such, they are most
useful for estimating the impact of an emission control
strategy on air quality In nationwide studies where a
number of alternative control strategies must be ana-
lyzed In a great many areas. Recommended method-
ologies and data assumptions are consistent with
those used in the regulatory Impact analyses for alter-
native national air standards for ozone and carbon
monoxide.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Assessments, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nomo-
graphs, Methodology, Nitrogen dioxide. 'Air quality,
EKMA models, Modified Rollback Models.
PB81-197220 PC A07/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Monitoring and Modeling Analyses of the Kenne-
eott Corporation Smelter In McQIII, Nevada. Final
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
George J. Schewe. Mar 81,140p EPA-909/9-81-001
Contract EPA-88-02-3173
An independent assessment of the paniculate control
strategy for the Kennecott Copper Smelter in McGill,
Nevada was conducted to support EPA Region IX In
determining whether revisions to the EPA approved
Nevada State Implementation Plan (SIP) represent an
adequate level of control. The report presents a review
of information submitted by the State of Nevada and
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
John G. Ferrante. May 81,50p* EPA-600/4-81 -031
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
Drilling fluids represent an Important aspect of off-
shore and land based drilling operations. Periodically,
the fluids must be changed or they become old and the
spent fluids are disposed of in on-land facilities. Intro-
duction into the environment of the chemically com-
plex fluids has prompted effects research addressing
terrestrial and freshwater habitats and their respective
biological components. Studies with terrestrial plants
in laboratory and field experiments show that the fluids
and some fluid components exhibit phytotoxicity prop-
erties reducing seed germination, growth and yield.
Phytotoxicity in whole drilling fluids is attributed to solu-
ble salt concentrations. Preference/avoidance reac-
tions were observed in experiments with whole drilling
fluids are also discussed. The range of lethal concen-
trations of fluid components in toxiclty studies was
from < 1 to 75,000 mg/l and that for whole drilling
fluids from 0.29 to 85% by volume.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Waste disposal, 'Water
pollution, Plants(Botany), Toxiclty, Germination, Expo-
sure, Aquatic animals, Surface waters, Ground water,
Trout, Mortality, Salinity, Exposure, Water pollution
effects(Plants), Water pollution erfects(Anlmals), NTI-
SEPAORD.
PB81-197774 PC A03/MF A01
Filter Media for Collecting Diesel Paniculate
Matter. In-house rept,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Frank Black, and Lisa Doberstein. May 81,37p' EPA-
600/2-81-071
Certification of paniculate emissions from dlesel motor
vehicles involves filtration of measured allquots of the
total air diluted exhaust. Seven commercially available
filter media were examined for this purpose. The media
included a variety of PTFE membrane filters, glass
fiber filters, and PTFE coated glass fiber filters. Rela-
tive flow resistance (pressure drop), collection efficien-
cy, and gas phase adsorption were examined. Filter
structural differences, which Influence partlculate col-
lection mechanisms, sample flow rates and pressure
drops, were studied microscopically. Two media, a
membrane and a fiber filter, were also examined mi-
croscopically with varying levels of paniculate load to
determine the role of collected particles on the filtra-
tion of subsequent particles. The results obtained Indi-
cate that under the defined test conditions the mem-
brane filters yield low gram per mile emissions rates
due to difficulties with collection of Federal Test Proce-
dure phase 1 emissions, and the Gelman A-E glass
fiber filter high rates due to adsorption of gas phase
emissions. The mechanics of particle collection are
similar for both membrane and fiber filters as applied.
Diffusion deposition is important with fiber filters for
about 5 percent of the collected particulate matter, the
remaining 95 percent collected primarily by direct inter-
ception. With the membrane filters direct interception
is the dominate process.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Exhaust emissions, 'Air filters, Membranes, Electro-
static precipitation, Sampling, Design criteria, Glass,
'Diesel engine exhaust, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-197873 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Emissions and Control Technology
for Industrial Stoker Boilers. Final rept. Oct 77-Oct
80,
Bartelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Robert D. Giammar, Russell H. Barnes, David R.
Hopper. Paul R. Webb, and Albert E. Weller. May 81,
266p* EPA-600/7-81-090,, IERL-RTP-1187
Contract EPA-68-02-2627
The report gives results of a three-phase program to
evaluate emissions and control technology for industri-
al stoker boilers. In Phase I, emission characteristics
were determined for a variety of coals fired In a 200-
kW stoker boiler. It was observed that significant
amounts of sulfur were retained in the lignite and west-
em subbltuminous coals. Fuel nitrogen conversion to
NO was found to be between 10 and 20%. In addition,
a limestone/coal fuel pellet was developed and found
effective in capturing 80% of the fuel sulfur. Phase II
focused on identifying and evaluating potential control
concepts. Using an 8-MW spreader stoker boiler, It
was found that improved control of combustion air (i.e.,
underfire and overiire air) resulted in lower excess air
operation (improved efficiency), reduced paniculate
loading, smoke, CO and NO emissions, and no effect
on SO2 levels. The limestone/coal pellet (Ca/S=7)
was successfully fired, achieving 75% SO2 reduction.
In Phase III, the limestone/coal fuel pellet was refined.
A pellet was produced that had physical properties
that could survive an industrial coal handling system.
This pellet (Ca/S=3.5) was fired in the 8-MW boiler,
achieving sulfur captures of 50%. The cost of this
pellet would add approximately $1 /million Btu to the
cost of the raw high-sulfur coal.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Stokers, 'Boilers,
Sulfur, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Nitro-
gen oxide(NO), Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Par-
ticles, Calcium oxides, Technology, Pellets, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-198160 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Lime Stabilization and Ultimate Disposal of Munic-
ipal Wastewater Sludges. Final rept. Jun 79-Mar 80.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
May 81,191p' EPA-600/2-81-076
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
Twenty-eight lime stabilization facilities were visited.
None of these plants were originally designed for
sludge lime stabilization. Lime stabilization was Institut-
ed either as a permanent sludge handling mechanism
to replace a more costly process, as an Interim sludge
handling technique, as a back-up process, or as a sea-
sonal practice. Three general techniques of lime stabi-
lization were observed. Lime addition to a liquid sludge
before land application. Lime addition to a liquid sludge
before cake dewatering. Lime addition to a dewatered
sludge cake. Bacterial analyses performed at some of
the facilities demonstrate that liming a sludge to a pH
of 12 is an effective means of total and fecal coliform
inactivation. The lime stabilized sludge product is
either landfilled, land applied as a liquid sludge, applied
to land as a cake, or stockpiled prior to landfilling or
land application. Stockpiling of sludge has in some
cases resulted In odors upon pile breakdown. Indica-
tions are that with pH drop in stockpiles regrowth of or-
ganisms can occur. Lime stabilized liquid sludge and
cake sludge are land applied to farms and to test
areas. According to operators at several facilities,
farmers willingly accept the product reporting reduced
soil liming requirements and satisfactory crop growth.
Despite this, some facilities encountered difficulties in
acquiring suitable land application sites.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, Water pollution control,
Solid waste disposal, Calcium oxides, Stability, Sites,
Cost analysis, 'Sewage sludge, Land disposal, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-198293 PC A03/MF A01
Dependence of Nephelometer Scattering Coeffi-
cients on Relative Humidity. Evolution of Aerosol
Bursts. In-house rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
George W. Griffing. May 81,38p EPA-600/4-81 -030
Observations on the temporal dependence of the
nephelometer scattering coefficient on relative humidi-
ty are presented and discussed for four different
cases. For each case, the weather at the Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina was dominated by an anti-
cyclonic weather system. By taking simultaneous
nephelometer scattering coefficient observation at two
different relative humidities, it was possible to con-
clude that with nocturnal stable atmospheric condi-
tions: In general, the scattering coefficient increases
from sundown to sunup due to aerosol growth and an
Increasing trend of the aerosol number density: In gen-
eral, the relatively rapid Increase and subsequent de-
crease of the scattering coefficient during a 2 to 3 hour
period after sunup Is due to a relatively rapid aerosol
growth and shrinkage. The latter behavior of the scat-
tering coefficient was called an aerosol burst.
Keywords: 'Nephelometers, 'Humidity, 'Aerosols,
•Weather, Ughtfyislble radiation), Scattering, Solar ra-
diation, Gases, Aerosol burst, Antlcyclonlc weather,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-198954 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Natural Variation In Abundance of Salmonld Popu-
lations In Streams and Its Implications for Design
of Impact Studies. A Review,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
James D. Hall, and Ned J. Knight. Fob 81,95p EPA-
600/3-81-021
Literature on stock size and production of salmonid
populations in streams has been reviewed. The objec-
tive is to bring together data on the magnitude of natu-
ral variation in population size and to relate this varia-
bility to environmental conditions where possible. Rec-
ommendations are presented for the use of this infor-
mation In designing studies to estimate the impact of
non-point source pollution. A partially annotated bibli-
ography of 260 relevant reference Is Included.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Salmon, 'Water pollution, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Damage, Stream flow, Abundance,
Animal migrations, Blomass, Populations, Nonpoint
sources, Habitats.
PB81-199176 Not available NTIS
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Determination of Phenolic Compounds In Alter-
nate Fuel Matrices. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
F. R. Guenther, R. M. Parrls, S. N. Chesler, and L. R.
Hllpen. 1981.6P
Sponsored In part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Pub. In Jnl. of Chromatography 207, p256-2611981.
The gas-chromatographic determination of underiva-
tized, methyl substituted phenols In shale oil and sol-
vent refined coal is described. A simple acid/base ex-
traction procedure was followed by Injection onto a 20
meter Pluronlc L64 capillary column. Fourteen phenols
were separated and Identified including phenol,'the
cresols, and all the dimethyl phenols. Identification
was done on a GC/MS equipped with a Pluronte L64
capillary column. Isomers were further verified by com-
parison of pure standard retention times. Quanntatlon
was done utilizing an Internal standard procedure.
Quantitative data is given for seven phenols in the
range of 168 microgram/g to 29100 microgram/g.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Chemical analysis, *Shate dfr,
Extraction, Gas Chromatography, Separated, Mass
spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Solvent refined coal, NTIS-
COMNBS, NTISDE, NTISEPAG.
PB81-199275 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U.S. Gasoline Demand: Will the Decline Continue.
Paper (Finali
Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, VA. Program
Analysis Div.
R. William Thomas, and Mark S. Carey. Nov 80,56p*
IDA-P-1539
Contract EPA-68-01-5150
This study uses an empirical economic model to study
the recent decline in U. S. gasoline demand. The
model's predictions are compared to actual experi-
ence over 1978-80 and projections of future demand
are made through 1990. The model predicts the stock
of automobiles, average fuel efficiency, and vehicle
miles driven. These forecasts all combined to yield es-
timates of gasoline consumption. The model forecasts
unleaded gasoline, leaded gasoline, and dlesel usage
separately for cars, trucks, and other users.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Gasoline, Diesel
fuels, Economic forecasting. Economic models,
Energy demand, Energy models.
PB81-199358
PCA11/MFA01
Program Requirements Memoranda for Fiscal
Year 1981: Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Works Construction Grants Program. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jan 81,241p* EPA/MCD-02-11
See also PB81-121113.
1086 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
To assure national uniformity in program implementa-
tion and to provide policy direction in integrating the
various complex requirements of the Federal water
Pollution control program, EPA headquarters periodi-
cally issues Program Requirements Memoranda
(PRM's). The PRM^s convey basic program policy to
which adherence is mandatory for those to whom it is
directed. This booklet contains all PRMs which are ef-
fective In Fiscal Year 1981 beginning with the date of
this publication.
Keywords: "Construction, "Sewage treatment,
Grants, "Municipalities, "Water pollution control,
Manuals, Government policies, Financing, Bids, Li-
censes, Requirements, Sewage treatment plants.
PB81-199366 PC A04/MF A01
A Summary of the EPA National Source Perform-
ance Audit Program • 1979. Final rapt,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Olv.
R. G. Fuerst, E. W. Strelb, and M. R. Midgett. Apr 81,
«3p'EPA-600/4-81-029
A national quality assurance audit program for meth-
ods used In stationary source tests was conducted in
1079 by the Quality Assurance Division of the Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. In this program, quality assurance ma-
terials were sent to Interested participants for the
measurement of a gas volume (Method 5, dry gas
meter only) or the analysis of liquid samples simulating
collected sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (Method 6
and 7, respectively). Each participant returned the ana-
lytical results to the Source Branch, Quality Assurance
DMslon, for evaluation. An individual report was re-
turned to each participant after processing. This report
summarizes the audit results of 1979 for those three
source test methods.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Pollution, Performance, Sulfur
woxlde, Nitrogen oxides, Trends, Stationary sources,
EPA method 5, EPA method 6, EPA method 7.
£881-199374 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Granular Acti-
vated Carbon Adsorption and Aquaculture for Re-
moving Toxic Compounds from Treated Petrole-
um Refinery Effluents. Final rept. Aug 77-Jul 79,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
Sterling L Burks. Apr 80,72p EPA-600/2-81-067
Grant EPA-R-805307-01
Activated carbon adsorption isotherms of prepared
aqueous solutions of toluene, 2,4-dimethyl phenol,
naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, pyrene, ace-
naphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and fluorene
on activated carbon were determined by laboratory
studies to estimate the optimum loading capacity
under ideal conditions. The adsorption capacity and
loading capacity of the pulverized activated carbon for
the specific organic compounds was calculated with
the Freundllch equation. Effectiveness of activated
carbon for removal of organic compounds from a pe-
troleum refinery wastewater was evaluated with a pilot-
scale treatment system on-slte at a refinery. Compari-
son of effluent quality from the activated carbon versus
conventional biological treatment and aquaculture in
aerated lagoons as measured by chemical criteria and
continuous flow bioassaya with fathead minnows and
benthic macroinvertebrates showed the activated
carbon to be effective in removing organic compounds
and reducing toxiclty of the wastewater. A literature
review of activated carbon treatment indicated consid-
erable variation in estimates for both capital Invest-
ments and annual operating costs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Petroleum Indus-
try, 'Organic compounds. Refineries, Activated
carbon, Industrial waste treatment, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Aquaculture, Adsorption, Biological
industrial waste treatment, Granular activated carbon
treatment, Chemical oxygen demand, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-199382 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of the Walkthrough Survey Method for
Detection of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks.
final rept,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clncinnati,
Edison, NJ. Industrial Pollution Control Dlv.
Robert C. Weber, and Kenneth Mims. Apr 81,70p
EPA-600/2-81-073
During 1978 and 1979, the Emission Standards and
Engineering Division of EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards conducted a fugitive volatile
organic compound (VOC) emission sampling program
in organic chemical manufacturing plants and petrole-
um refineries. As a part of their sampling program, sev-
eral 'walkthrough surveys,' also called'unit area sur-
veys,' were conducted. The assistance of EPA's In-
dustrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincin-
nati was requested in the analysis of the walkthrough
survey data. Fourteen walkthrough surveys were ana-
lyzed, from four plants. The analysis reported here fo-
cuses on the variability and reproducibillty of the
survey method. One indicator of variability which was
studied was the coefficient of variation (Cv). The CV's
ranged from 55% to 408%, for each pair of walkth-
rough surveys. Further, the linear correlation coeffi-
cients for each set of surveys ranged from 0.046 to
0.98. No attempt was made to evaluate the sources of
the variability.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical Industry,
'Petroleum Industry, 'Surveys, Standards, Air pollu-
tion, Refineries, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sampling, Leaking, 'Volatile organic compounds,
"Air quality, Fugitive emissions, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-199390 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Secondary Formation Product* In Power Plant
Plume*. Final rept Aug 79-Dec 80,
Radian Corp., Austin. TX.
W. D. Balfour, L. O. Edwards, and G. K. Tannahlll. May
81,78p' EPA-600/7-81-092
Contract EPA-68-02-3249
Source and airborne measurements were made In Oc-
tober 1979, at the TVA Widows Creek Steam Plant In
northeastern Alabama. Primary emissions from the
flue gas stacks were determined including total mass,
particle size distribution, SO2, NOx, and SO3/H2SO4.
An Instrumented fixed wing airplane was used to ac-
quire plume data at various altitudes and downwind
distances. This data was used to establish secondary
pollutant formation rates. Sulfate transformation rates
were measured between 4.3 percent/hr and 0.8 per-
cent/hr for a well-defined plume at 1.1 hr and 2.2 hr
plume ages respectively. A chemical element balance
around the scrubber Indicates that as much as 40% of
the total mass exiting the scrubber was generated
from entrained liquor. This accounts for 90% of the
unit's sulfate emissions. These primary emissions ac-
count for between 4 and 17% of the total sulfates
measured downwind in the plume.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Plumes, "Air pollu-
tion, Flue gases, Mass, Particle size distribution, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfuric acid,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sources,
Chemical analysis, Aerial surveys, Reaction kinetics,
Sulfates, Scrubbers, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition).
PB81-199721 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
EPA Industrial Boiler FQD (Flue Gas Desurfurlza-
tlon) Survey • 1979. Annual rept. Mar 80-Mar 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jay R. Hoover. Apr 81,40p RAD-81 -203-001 -13-16,
EPA-600/7-81-083
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
SeealsoPB-279214.
The report gives results of a survey of vendors and op-
erators of flue gas desulfurlzatlon (FGD) systems ap-
plied to Industrial boilers for the 1979 calendar year. A
total of 123 FGD units were operated throughout 1979.
Once-through sodium systems accounted for 102 of
these units, of which 74 were applied to small oil-fired
steam generators In the California oil fields. The
second most prevalent FGD process was the dual
alkali system typically used on large coal-fired boilers,
primarily in Illinois and Ohio. In addition, there were 98
planned Industrial boiler FGD units, most of which are
once-through sodium systems applied to oil-field
steam generators. The performance data (SO2 remov-
al) for once-through sodium units Is high, with all re-
porting systems achieving greater than 96% removal.
The lime/limestone units achieved 85 to 92% SO2 re-
moval. The dual alkali units averaged greater than
90% S02 removal. Reported reliability for FGD units at
seven sites averaged about 95% with sodium systems
generally achieving greater than and lime/limestone
systems less than 95%.
Keywords: *Alr pollution control equipment, "Boilers,
"Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Design criteria, Calcium oxides, Lime-
stone, Performance evaluation, Comparison, Scrub-
bing, "Dual alkali scrubbing, "Limestone scrubbing,
"Sodium sulfite scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-199952 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Impact of Gasohol on Automobile Evaporative
and Tailpipe Emissions. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
John M. Lang, and Frank M. Black. Apr 81,14p EPA-
600/J-81-137
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Also pub. as Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.,
Warrendale, PA. SAE Technical Paper Series 810438.
Held at the International Congress and Exposition,
Cobo Hall, Detroit, Michigan, on February 23-27,1981.
National Interest Is growing In the use of gasohol, a
blend of ethanol and unleaded gasoline, as an alter-
nate fuel to gasoline. In order to assess Its viability as a
transportation fuel, gasohol's Impact on vehicle emis-
sions, fuel economy, and drlveabllity must be consid-
ered, along with the cost of production and the physi-
cal compatibility of ethanol with gasoline.
Keywords: "Automotive fuels, "Exhaust emissions,
Ethyl alcohol, Gasoline, Blends, Cost analysis, Manu-
facturing, Evaporation, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Air pollution, "Gasohol, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-199978 PC A02/MF A01
A Partial Bibliography of 'Cyprlnodon varlegatu*'
(Octelchthyee: Cyprlnodontldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
David A. Bengtson. May 81,11 p EPA-600/J-80-278,
ERLN-J-149
Pub. in Gulf Research Reports, v6 n4 p349-357 1980.
A partial bibliography of the sheepshead minnow Cy-
prinodon varlegatus Lacepede, 1803, Is presented.
Scientific works related to systematics and general bi-
ology are listed along with references to recent work
involving lexicological bioassays. An extensive search
of the literature on parasites of C. varlegatus was not
conducted.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Fishes, "Minnows, Bioas-
says, Toxicology, Reprints, Sheepshead minnows,
"Cyprinodon varlegatus, NTISEPAOHD.
PB81-199986 PC A03/MF A01
Impact of Low Ambient Temperature on 3-Way
Catalyst Car Emissions. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
James B. Braddock. Apr 81,32p EPA-600/ J-81-136
Also pub. as Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.,
Warrendale. PA. SAE Technical Paper Series 810280.
Held at International Congress and Exposition, Cobo
Hall, Detroit, Michigan, on February 23-27,1981.
Regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from
four late model 3-way catalyst passenger cars were
measured over the urban dynamometer driving sched-
ule of the Federal Test Procedure as a function of am-
bient temperature (50 F-81 F). Fuel economy, regulat-
ed emissions HC, CO, NOx, and unregulated emis-
sions NH3, HCN, N2O, CH4, COS, H2S, SO2, SO4,
and C6H6 were studied. It was found that reduced am-
bient temperature operation (less than 68 F) signifi-
cantly increased the regulated emissions HC and CO,
and slightly increased several unregulated emissions.
Within the limitations of this study, none of the unregu-
lated emissions were emitted at concentrations that
could be considered hazardous to the public.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
Sampling, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur diox-
ide, Sulfates, Hydrogen sulflde, Ammonia, Nitrogen
oxide(N2O), Hydrogen cyanide, "Catalytic
December 1983 1087
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
reactors(Exhaus1 systems), Carbonyl sulflde, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-1M994 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Preliminary Grazing Studies with Rumen-Flstulat-
ed Steers at Selected Nuclear-Test Sltea,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
D. 6. Smith, and K. W. Brown. Jan 81,41 p EPA-600/3-
81-004, DOE-DP/0059-039
Contract DE-A108-76PD00639
Rumen-fistulated steers (steers with a capped tube in-
serted Into a permanent surgical opening Into the
stomach) were allowed to graze the fallout zones of six
selected nuclear-test sites on the Nevada Test Site
and Tonopah Test Range. Ingests samples were ana-
lyzed for radlonucllde and botanical content to provide
Information on the inventory of radlonuclldes present
and on the condition of the range at each site. The
greatest variety and concentrations of gamma-emitting
radlonuclldes were present In the Ingests from the
Cabriolet-Palanquin Site. The highest levels of Plutonl-
um-238 and -239 were found at the Clean Slate II Site.
Strontlum-90 levels were highest at the Smoky Site
while tritium levels were highest at the Schooner Site.
Each site's carrying capacity for grazing animals was
determined. Food habit analyses were also performed
for each animal. These data plus the radlonucllde data
were considered In the recommendation that the Cab-
riolet-Palanquin Site be selected for any future long-
term grazing studies.
Keywords: 'Grazing land, 'Radioactive Isotopes,
Cattle, Beef cattle, Livestock, Fallout,
Ingestlon(Blology), Plants(Botany), Plutonium 238,
Plutonium 239, Gamma emission, Strontium 90, Triti-
um, Surveys, "Bioaccumulatlon, Nuclear test sites,
Nevada test site, NTISEPAORD, NTISDE.
PB81-200107 PC$230.00/MF$16.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines.
Caterpillar Trs " '
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peorla, IL
1981,4048p-ln8v
Set includes PB81 -200115 through PB81 -200180.
No abstract available.
PB81-200116 PCI30.25/MFI5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines • Caperplllar.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peorla, IL
1981,503p EPA/460-A-81 -27
See also PB81-200123, and PB80-100795.
Also available in set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MFS16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck englnes(198l models), Corrective main-
tenance, Caterpillar Tractor Company.
PB81-200123 PCS18.50/MFJ4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Cummlne.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
1981,270p EPA/460-A-81 -28
See also PB-287 059, PB81-200115, and PB81-
200131.
Also available In set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 18 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, *Alr pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck englnes(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, Cummins Engine Company Incorporated.
PB81-200131 PC$73.00/MF$7.76
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines • International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN.
1981,13S6p EPA/460-A-81-29
See also PB80-188915, PB81-200123, end PB81-
200149.
Also available In set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81 -200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck engines(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, International Harvester.
PB81-200149 PCI19.50/MFI6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfleld, Ml.
1981,290p EPA/460-A-81-30
See also PB80-100803, PB81-200131, and PB81-
200156.
Also available in set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck englnes(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, Isuzu Motors America Incorporated.
PB81-200166 PCI27.78/MFI5.Z5
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines • Mack Trucks.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1981,451 p EPA/460-A-81-31
See also PB80-100811, PB81-200149, and PB81-
200164.
Also available In set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, *Alr pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck engines(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, Mack Trucks Incorporated.
PB81-200164 PC$15.75/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model'Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1981,201p EPA/460-A-81-32
See also PB80-142615, PB81-200156, and PB81-
200172.
Also available In set of 8 reports PC$230.00/
MF$16.00,PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck englnes(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation.
PB81-200172 PC$20.00/MF$5.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Saab-Scanla.
SAAB-SCANIA of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1981,296p EPA/460-A-81 -33
1088 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB-287 037, PB81-200164, and PB81-
200180.
Also available in set of 8 reports PCS230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
"gnt-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
uasic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, *Diesel engines, *Fuel
consumption, *Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems. Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, "Heavy duty en-
pines, Truck engines(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, SAAB SCANIA of America Incorporated.
PB81-200180 PC$39.25/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - General Motors.
general Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1981,681p EPA/460-A-81 -35
See also PB81 -200172, and PB81-166423.
Also available In set of 8 reports PC$230.00/
MF$16.00, PB81-200107.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
Basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
8nd exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Truck englnes(1981 models), Corrective main-
tenance, General Motors Corporation.
PB81-200198 PC$520.00/MF$32.00
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
*—• n for Certification 1981 Model Year
.-.. -_./ Vehicles.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1981,9756p.in10v
Set includes PB81-200206 through PB81-200297.
No abstract available.
PB81-200206 PC$60.00/MF$7.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Modal Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Audi.
yolkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1981,1096pEPA/460-A-81-18
fee also PB80-142524, and PB81-200214.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MFS32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Audi auto-
mobiles.
PB81-200214 PC$10.SO/MF$4.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1981,109p EPA/460-A-81 -19
See also PB81-165979, PB81-200206, and PB81-
200222.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MFS32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Alr
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehiclea(1981 models), General
Motors automobiles.
PB81-200222 PCI58.00/MFS7.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfleld, Ml.
1981,1059p EPA/460-A-81 -20
See also PB-287 041, PB81-200214, and PB81-
200230.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC$520.00/
MF$32.00,PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile Industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Isuzu trucks,
Isuzu Motors America, Incorporated.
PB81-200230 PC$60.25/MF$7.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1981,1102pEPA/460-A-81-22
See also PB80-188964, PB81-200222, and PB81-
200248.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MFS32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles! 1981 models), Mercedes
Benz Incorporated, Mercedes Benz of North America,
Incorporated.
PB81-200248 PC$77.00/MF$7.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, N J.
198T, 1438p EPA/460-A-81-23
See also PB80-188980, PB81-200230, and PB81-
200255.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MF$32.00, PB81-200198.
Eveiy year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Peugeot of
America limited, Peugeot automobiles.
PB81-2002S6 PC$56.75/MF$6.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar Rover Triumph, Inc.
(British Leyland).
British Leyland Motors, Inc., Leonla, NJ.
1981,1031 p EPA/460-A-81 -21
See also PB-294 370, PB81 -200248, and PB81-
200263.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC$520.00/
MF$32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engl-
December 1983 1089
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, *Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, * Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Jaguar auto-
mobiles, British Leyland Motors Incorporated.
PB81-200263 PC$37.50/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Rolls Royce.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1981,650p EPA/460-A-81-24
See also PB80-142466, PB81-200255, and PB81-
200271.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MF$32.00,PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements tosbe
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles! 1981 models), Rolls Royce
automobiles, Rolls Royce Motors, Incorporated.
PB81-200271 PC$12.50/MF$4.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Secaucus, NJ.
1981,147p EPA/460-A-81-25
See also PB81-166043, PB81-200263, and PB81-
200289.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MFS32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
baste engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Toyota auto-
mobiles, Toyota Motor Company Limited.
PB81-200289 PC$96.25/MF$9.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1981,1824p EPA/460-A-81 -26
See also PB80-142516, PB81-200271, and PB81-
200297.
Also available in set of 10 reports PCS520.00/
MF$32.00, PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Volkswagen,
Volkswagen of America, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-200207 PC$70.00/MF$7.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1981 Model Year Mo-
torcycle - Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1981,1300pEPA/460-A-81-34
See also PB-287 030, and PB81 -200289.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC$520.00/
MF$32.00,PB81-200198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Automobile industry, Regulations, Mainte-
nance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Honda auto-
mobiles, American Honda Motor Company Incorport-
ed, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-200420 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Annotated Bibliography of Literature on Flue Qat
Conditioning (1966-1980). Final rept.,
York Services Corp., Stamford, CT.
Pankau R. Desai, Timothy K. Sutherland, and Anthony
J. Buonicore. Dec 80,141p* EPA-340/1-80-018
Contract EPA-68-01 -4138
This report presents a comprehensive bibliography of
literature on Flue Gas Conditioning. It was developed
through search of numerous data oases including Air
Pollution Abstracts (APTIC), Chemical Abstracts, Engi-
neering Index (COMPENDEX), Environmental Ab-
stracts (ENVIROLINE), National Technical Information
Service (NTIS), etc. Publications of Electric Power Re-
search Institute, Edison Electric Institute, and Depart-
ment of Energy are also included. Information is pro-
vided on the assigned U.S. patents related to Flue Gas
Conditioning. The literature is organized under four
separate categories: (1) general theory, (2) specific
methods and agents, (3) specific installations using
FGC, and (4) legal and regulatory aspects.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Flue gases, 'Air pollution
control, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Abstracts, Regula-
tions, Fly ash, Combustion products, Industrial wastes.
Particles, Electric power plants, Technology, 'Coal
fired power plants, NTISEPAOE.
PB81-200453 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Covering Bottom Sediments as a Lake Restora-
tion Technique. Journal article,
Kent State Univ., OH. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
G. Dennis Cooke. May 81, 8p EPA-600/J-81 -178
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v16 n5 p921-926
OctSO.
Sediment covering to control macrophytes and sedi-
ment nutrient release is reviewed. It is concluded that
fly ash application to control sediment phosphorus re-
lease presents more dangers to the lake than benefits
and should not be used. Polyethylene sheeting has not
had long term effectiveness due to macrophyte re-
growth on its surface. PVC-coated fiberglass screen Is
expensive but nontoxic and appears to give long term
macrophyte control. Similar results may be obtained
with spun bonded polypropylene. Sand, clay, and
sheeting to retard nutrient release have received insuf-
ficient attention.
Keywords: 'Ptants(Botany), 'Weed control, 'Water
pollution control, 'Lakes, Nutrients, Fly ash, Sedi-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Pol-
yethylene, Fiberglass reinforced plastics, Clay soils,
Sheets, Swimming, Beaches, Reprints, Macrophytes,
'Eutrophication, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-200487 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Volatile Organic Compound RACT (Reasonably
Available Control Technology) Sources Missing
from NEDS (National Emissions Data System).
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Feb 81,290p* EPA-450/4-81 -018
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is demon-
strating and evaluating the use of photochemical
models. These models require accurate and complete
inventory data bases. To insure that all major volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources are included in
emission inventory data bases, and to insure that VOC
emission inventones for photochemical nonattainment
areas include all sources that are subject to Reason-
ably Available Control Technology (RACT), a directory
of VOC sources covered by RACT requirements has
been derived independently of EPA inventory data.
The National Emission Data System (NEDS) was com-
pared against this directory to determine VOC sources
missing from NEDS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Directories, Sources, Inven-
tones, Organic compounds, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Tables(Data), 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Reasonably Available Control Technology,
'Emission inventories, 'National Emission Data Sys-
tems, NTISEPAAQP.
PC A06/MF A01
Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
PB81-200S11
Environmental
Region VIII.
A Technical Assistance Program Report Solid
Waste Disposal In Climatically Severe Area*. Final
rept.,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., New York.
S. Caretsky, N. Grundahl, B. Lokey, F. Lorincz, and J.
Rogers. Mar 81,120pEPA-908/6-81-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4942
This report characterizes the operational problems of
solid waste landfill disposal in severely cold, mountain-
ous, or plains regions typical of the States of Colorado,
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wy-
oming, and offers alternative approaches to these
problems. An extensive literature search on the cli-
mate, geology, soils, and hydrology of climatically
severe areas was conducted and ten landfill sites In
1090 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
climatically severe areas of U.S. EPA Region VIII were
visited.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Colora-
do, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming. Climate, Geology, Soils, Hydrology, NTISE-
PB81-200529 PC A08/MF A01
Guideline for Applying the Airshed Model to
urban Areas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
OctBO, 174pEPA-450/4-80-020
Guidance is provided to potential model users on the
capabilities of the Airshed Model, its data require-
Hjerrts, and its application to control strategy analyses.
i ne Airshed Model is an urban-scale, grid-based, pho-
tochemical dispersion model. Its greatest utility lies in
studying the relationship of emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds and nitrogen oxides to ambient
ozone levels observed in major metropolitan areas.
However, the model may be used to estimate ambient
short-term concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and
carbon monoxide as well. The guideline should enable
air pollution control agencies and others to carry out
the planning activities and to evaluate the level of re-
sources needed to apply the model.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Guidelines,
Mathematical models, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone,
jjoncentration(Composition), Management planning,
Sources, Sampling, Organic compounds, 'Airshed
model, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-200545 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Annual Report on Irrigation Tallwater Manage-
ment 1975-1976. Water science and engineering
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
Kenneth K. Tanji, J. W. Biggar, G. L Homer, R. J.
Miller, and W. O. Pruitt. May 81,204p WSEP-4011,
EPA-600/2-81-034B
Grant EPA-R-803603
Prepared in cooperation with Economic Research
Service, Davis, CA.
This study was undertaken to obtain information and
data on irrigation tailwater and other components of ir-
rigation return flows from two representative sites in
the Central Valley of California. Extensive data on the
quality and quantity of supply and drainage waters
were collected for the 1975-77 period. This annual
report presents the data and results obtained during
the period of March 10, 1975 to March 9, 1976. Fac-
tors affecting tailwater production and quality are dis-
cussed in some detail.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation,
Water quality management, Drainage, Waste water
[euse, Runoff, Farm crops, Water flow, Pesticides,
Chemical analysis, Salinity, Turbidity, Tables(Data),
Cost _.
NTISEP,
|RD.
California, 'Tailwater, 'Return flow,
£681-200552 PC A11 /MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Annual Report on Irrigation Tallwater Manage-
ment 1976-1977. Water science and engineering
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
Kenneth K. Tanji, J. W. Biggar. G. L Horner. R. J.
Miller, and W. O. Pruitt. May 81.250p WSEP-4014,
EPA-600/2-81-034C
Grant EPA-R-803603
Prepared in cooperation with Economic Research
Service, Davis, CA.
This study was undertaken to obtain information and
data on irrigation tailwater and other components of ir-
rigation return flows from two representative sites in
the Central Valley of California. Extensive data on the
quality and quantity of supply and drainage waters
were collected for the 1976-77 period. This annual
report presents the data and results determined during
the period of March 10, 1976 to March 9, 1977. De-
tailed results from the field studies in the San Joaquin
and Sacramento Valleys are presented.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Irrigation, 'Central Valley, Agricultural econom-
ics, Drainage, San Joaquin Valley, Water flow, Sacra-
mento Valley, Cost analysis, Wildlife, Sediments,
Waste water reuse, Pesticides, California, 'Tailwater,
Return flow, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-200610 PC A07/MF A01
Facilities Planning 1981. Municipal Wastewater
Treatment. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Mar81,129pEPA-430/9-81-002, FRD-20
Facilities Planning 1981 (FP 81) Is a new approach to
guidance on facilities planning. FP 81 is one of a series
of efforts which are underway to simplify, deregulate,
and delegate the construction grants program. It repre-
sents a commitment to reduce the requirements of the
facilities planning process, to publish new require-
ments only once during a fiscal year, to avoid Imposing
retroactive requirements (with the exception) of those
specified by law), and to facilitate delegation to the
States of the review and approval of facilities plans.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Construction, Grants, Requirements, Project plan-
ning, State government, Evaluation, Water quality
management, Environmental impacts, Waste water,
Wildlife, Cost analysis, Sewage treatment plants, NTI-
SEPAOWP.
PB81-200628 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Measurements of Selected Hazard-
ous Organic Chemicals. Interim rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. B. Singh, L. J. Salas, A. Smith, R. Stiles, and H.
Shigeishi! May 81,55p EPA-600/3-81 -032
See also report dated Jul 80, PB80-198989.
Methods were developed for the accurate analysis of
an expanded list of hazardous organic chemicals in the
ambient air. On-site analysis using an instrumented
mobile laboratory was performed for a total of 44 or-
ganic chemicals. Twenty of these are suspected muta-
gens or carcinogens. Toxicity studies for severe'
others are currently pending. Six important meteoro-
logical parameters were also measured. Four field
studies, each about two-weeks duration, were con-
ducted in Houston, Texas; St. Louis, Missouri; Denver,
Colorado; and Riverside, California. An around-the-
clock measurement schedule (24 hours per day, seven
days a week) was followed at all sites, permitting ex-
tensive data collection. Widely varying weather condi-
tions facilitated observations of pollutant accumulation
and wide variabilities in concentrations of pollutants at
a given site. Concentrations, variabilities, and human
exposure (daily dosages) were determined for all
measured pollutants. The diurnal behavior of pollut-
ants was studied. Average daily outdoor exposure
levels of all four sites were determined to be 197 mi-
crograms/day for halomethanes (excluding chloro-
fluorocarbons), 140 micrograms/day for haloethanes
and halopropanes, 89 micrograms/day for chloroal-
kenes, 32 micrograms/day for chloroaromatics, 1,394
micrograms/day for aromatic hydrocarbons, and 479
micrograms/day for secondary organics. Exposure
levels at Houston, Denver, and Riverside were compa-
rable, but levels were significantly lower at St. Louis.
Keywords: 'Organ compounds, 'Gas analysis, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicity,
ConcentrationfCompos'tion), Chemical analysis, Trace
elements, Field tests, Air pollution, Houston(Texas),
Saint LouisJMissouri), DenvertColorado,
Rrverslde(Califomia), 'Air pollution detection, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-200636 PC A03/MF A01
AEROS Manual Series. Volume 5. AEROS Manual
of Codes. Update Number 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 81,50p EPA-450/2-76-005-3, OAQPS-1.2-042-3
See also Volume S, Number 2, PB-298 578.
Contents:
General geographical codes;
NEDS specific codes;
SAROAD specific codes;
SOTDAT specific codes;
HATREMS specific codes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data storage, 'Manuals,
'Coding, Tables(Data), 'Aerometric ana emissions re-
porting systems, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-200768 PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Report on the Mutageniclty of Car-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Vicki Vaughan-Dellarco. Jan 81,48p EPA-600/6-81-
001
Carbaryl has been reported to cause point mutations in
bacteria, Drosophila, and mammalian cells in vitro; un-
scheduled DMA synthesis in human cells In culture;
and chromosome effects (including spindle effects) in
plants, mammalian cells in vitro, and animals. Although
there are Inadequacies in these studies, the results
when considered together are strongly suggestive that
carbaryl may have the intrinsic ability to act as a muta-
gen. It should be noted that because carbaryl appears
to act as a weak mutagen in the experimental test sys-
tems, it Is likely to act as a weak mutagen in humans as
well. To cause heritable effects in humans, however,
carbaryl and/or an active metabolite(s) must reach the
germinal tissue. Evidence that carbaryl reaches the
mammalian gonad is considered suggestive. Adverse
gonadal effects, e.g., abnormal sperm morphology
(Degraeve et al. 1976), reduction in the number of
spermatogonia and spermatozoa In the seminiferous
tubules, (Kitagawa et al. 1977) reduced sperm motility
(Shtenberg and Rybakova 1968), and decreased fertil-
ization index (Collins et al. 1971) have been reported in
rodents exposed to carbaryl. In addition, abnormal
sperm head morphology has been reported in workers
with known exposure to carbaryl (Wyrobek et al. 1980).
Therefore, carbaryl may have the potential to act as a
germ-cell mutagen.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, Carbamates,
Mutations, In vitro analysis, Bacteria, Drosophila,
Cells(Biology), Chromosomes, Bioassay, 'Carbaryl,
•Mutagenesis, Metabolites.
PB81-200784 PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay. Research summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
May 80,37p EPA-600/8-80-019
What is the environmental future of Chesapeake Bay.
EPA's Office of Research and Development, in con-
junction with the Agency's Regional Office in Philadel-
phia, is sponsoring a cooperative effort among the
concerned public, private Institutions, and state and
federal agencies to document both the Bay's environ-
mental quality and the management of its resources.
This report describes these resources and manage-
ment of them.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Aquat-
ic plants, Toxicity, Hazardous materials, Herbicides,
Ecology, Fertilizers, Shellfish, Fisheries, Sediment
transport, Eutrophicatlon, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-200792 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Wastewater. Research summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jun 80,35p EPA-600/8-80-026
This document contains: federal legislation, NRDC
consent degree, regulations, the research program,
and the different treatments used for petrochemistry,
pesticides, inorganic chemicals, batteries,'metal finish-
Ing, Iron and steel, electric power, textiles and leather
industries.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, National government, Regulations, Revisions,
Technology, Path of pollutants, waste recycling, NTI-
SEPAORD.
PB81-200800 PC A03/MF A01
Controlling Sulfur Oxides. Research summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
December 1983 1091
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aug 80,31 p EPA-600/8-80-029
This Research Summary describes EPA's program to
develop new and improve existing technologies for
sulfur oxides control. As we increasingly turn to coal as
the primary utility and industrial fuel, while trying to deal
with the problems of acid precipitation, visibility degra-
dation, and unhealthy air, we will have to confront the
fact that most of the sulfur oxides which will be emitted
over the next two decades will come from plants exist-
ing today. If we vigorously pursue the successful dem-
onstration of control technologies and then take ad-
vantage of them, especially those which can reduce
emissions from existing plants, the adverse health and
environmental effects of the troublesome sulfur oxides
can be significantly reduced.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur oxides, Sources,
Public health, Visibility, Standards, Coal preparation,
Flue gases, Oxidation, Scrubbing, Fluidized bed proc-
essing, Coal gasification, Cost analysis, Technology,
Precipitation washout, Flue gas desulfurization, Coal
liquefaction, MTISEPAORD.
PBB1-201089 PC E99
Mammoth Cave Area, Kentucky. Draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Apr81,861p-in4v
Set includes PB81-201097, PB81-201105, PB81-
201113, and PB81-201121.
No abstract available.
Keywords: NTISEPAEKA.
PB61-201097 PC A12/MF A01
Mammoth Cava Area, Kentucky. Draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Apr 81,260p EPA/904/9-81-071
See also Volume 1, PB81 -201105.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
201089.
This Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for the Mammoth Cave Area cities of Horse Cave,
Cave City, Park City and Munfordville, Kentucky and
the Mammoth Cave National Park. Eight wastewater
management alternatives have been evaluated with
particular attention to the sensitivity of the cave envi-
ronment to wastewater discharges, the resource value
and importance of the caves, the complexity of the
area's subsurface hydrology and the financial impacts
of the alternatives on the communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Caves, Hydrogeology, Fi-
nancing, Economic impact, Waste water, Natural re-
sources, Value, Subsurface investigations, Environ-
mental impacts, Parks, Ground water, Kentucky,
Sewage treatment plants, 'Mammoth Cave, NTISE-
PAEKA.
PB81-201105 PCA15/MFA01
Mammoth Cave Area, Kentucky. Volume I. Envi-
ronmental Inventory Technical Reference Docu-
ment Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Apr 81,341p EPA-904/6-81-071A
See also PB81-201097, and Volume 2, PB81-201113.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
201089.
This Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for the Mammoth Cave Area cities of Horse Cave,
Cave City, Park City and Munfordville, Kentucky and
the Mammoth Cave National Park. Eight waatewater
management alternatives have been evaluated with
particular attention to the sensitivity of the cave envi-
ronment to wastewater discharges, the resource value
and importance of the caves, the complexity of the
area's subsurface hydrology and the financial impacts
of the alternatives on the communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Caves, Hydrogeology, Fi-
nancing, Economic Impact, Waste water, Natural re-
sources, Value, Subsurface investigations, Environ-
mental impacts, Parks, Ground water, Kentucky,
Sewage treatment plants, 'Mammoth Cave, NTISE-
PAEKA.
PB81-201113 PCAOS/MFA01
Mammoth Cave Area, Kentucky. Volume II. Alter-
natives Development Technical Reference Docu-
ment. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Apr 81,78p EPA-904/9-81-071B
See also Volume 1, PB81-201105, and Volume 3,
PB81-201121.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
201089.
This Draft EIS addresses proposes wastewater facili-
ties for the Mammoth Cave Area cities of Horse Cave,
Cave City, Park City and Nunfordville, Kentucky and
the Mammoth Cave National Park. Eight wastewater
management alternatives have been evaluated with
particular attention to the sensitivity of the cave envi-
ronment to wastewater discharges, the resource value
and importance of the caves, the complexity of the
area's subsurface hydrology and the financial impacts
of the alternatives on the communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Caves, Hydrogeology, Fi-
nancing, Economic impact, Waste water, Natural re-
sources, Value, Subsurface investigations, Environ-
mental impacts, Parks, Ground water, Kentucky,
Sewage treatment plants, 'Mammoth Cave, NTISE-
PAEKA.
PB81-201121 PC A09/MF A01
Mammoth Cave Area, Kentucky. Volume III. Alter-
natives Evaluation Technical Reference Docu-
ment. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Apr 81,182p EPA-904/9-81 -071C
See also Volume 2, PB81 -201113.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB81-
201089.
This Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for the Mammoth Cave Area cities of Horse Cave,
Cave City, Park City and Munfordville, Kentucky and
the Mammoth Cave National Park. Eight wastewater
management alternatives have been evaluated with
particular attention to the sensitivity of the cave envi-
ronment to wastewater discharges, the resource value
and importance of the caves, the complexity of the
area's subsurface hydrology and the financial impacts
of the alternatives on the communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Caves, Hydrogeology, Fi-
nancing, Economic impact, Waste water, Natural re-
sources, Value, Subsurface investigations, Environ-
mental impacts, Parks, Ground water, Kentucky,
Sewage treatment plants, 'Mammoth Cave, NTISE-
PAEKA.
PB81-201139 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The Activity of Environmental Samples In a Cell
Culture Teat for Aabe*tos Toxicity. Journal article,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY. Naylor
Dana Inst. for Disease Prevention.
Betti Reiss, James R. Millette, and Gary M. Williams.
15 Jan 80,9p EPA-600/J-80-277
Grant EPA-R-803998
Pub. in Environmental Research 22, p315-321 1980.
The inhibition of colony-forming efficiency of cultured
human embryonic intestine-derived epithelial (I-407)
cells was utilized in order to assay the toxic potential of
six coded samples of paniculate matter provided by
the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). The results of the assay indicated that the most
toxic of the EPA samples tested 'blindly' was amosite
which was equal in toxicity to the amosite used, by
chance, as a positive control. The toxicities of the par-
ticulates from drinking water were approximately 100-
fold less than the amosite; of these, the order of toxici-
ty of the samples was San Francisco > Seattle >
Duluth. The samples of attapulgite clay and taconite
tailings displayed approximately half the toxicity of the
drinking water particulates. These results indicate that
this assay provides a sensitive and accurate method
for screening asbestos and asbestiform contamination
for potential toxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Cultures(Biology), 'Asbes-
tos, Water pollution, Cells(Biology), Bioassay, Potable
water, Contaminants, Reprints, Particulates, Drinking
water, 'Water pollution control, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201147 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Acute and Subchronlc Inhalation Exposures of
Hamsters to Nickel-Enriched Fly Ash. Journal arti-
cle,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Biol-
ogy Dept.
Alfred P. Wehner, Owen R. Moss, Edward M. Milliman,
Gerald E. Dagle, and Roger E. Schirmer. May 81,18p
EPA-600/J-79-125
Contract EPA-68-03-2457
Pub. in Environmental Research 19, p335-3701979.
One 6-hr inhalation exposure of hamsters to Ni-en-
riched fly ash (NEFA) aerosol (respirable aerosol con-
centration approx. 200 micrograms/liter) deposited
about 80 micrograms in the deep lung, of which 75 mi-
crograms was still present 30 days postexposure. The
animals tolerated the exposure well during the 30-day
postexposure observation period. Two-month expo-
sures of hamsters to NEFA or fly ash (FA) aerosols
(approx. 185 micrograms/liter) resulted in a deep lung
burden of about 5.7 mg, dark discoloration of lungs,
heavily dust-laden macrophages, and significantly
higher lung weights than in controls, but only minimal
inflammatory reaction and no deaths. There was no
difference between NEFA and FA effects. The NEFA
contained 9% Ni; FA contained 0.03% Ni. The resutts
of this study indicate low acute and subchronic toxicity
and slow lung clearance of NEFA and FA.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Toxicology, Nickel, Respiration,
Exposure, Hamsters, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Lung, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic sub-
stances, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201154 PCA02/MFA01
Qametogenesls and Early Development of the
Temperate Coral 'Astrangla danae' (Anthozoa:
Scleractlnla). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Alina Szmant-Froelich, Paul Yevich, and Michael E. Q.
Pilson. May 81,16p ERLN-J137, EPA-600/J-80-273
Pub. in jnl. Biol. Bull., v158 n2 p257-269 Apr 80. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,. Kings-
ton. Graduate School of Oceanography.
The growing interest in coral reefs and coral biology
has not led to many studies of reproduction. While n
seems likely that patterns of reproduction in corals
may be similar to those in anemones, the authors lack
detailed studies of the corals themselves. Our present
knowledge is largely based on the studies during the
Great Barrier Reef Expedition. This report presents the
results of an 18-month study of the reproductive activi-
ties of the temperate scleractinian coral Astrangia
danae living near the northern limit of its geographic
distribution. Along the southern end of Narragansett
Bay, Rhode Island, A. danae occurs as small encrust-
ing colonies on rocky surfaces and shells (Agassiz and
Fewkes, 1889). It is found in nature both with and with-
out the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known as zoox-
anthellae and is remarkable among corals in tolerating
an annual temperature range of -2C to 22C.
Keywords: 'Coral, 'Reproduction(Biology), Reefs,
Embryos, Ecology, Narragansett Bay, Temperature,
Reprints, 'Astrangia danae, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201170 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Directory of Volatile Organic Compound Sources
Covered by Reasonably Available Control Tech-
nology (PACT) Requirements,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dilip H. Mehta, and John E. Spessard. Feb 81,1042p-
in3v
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Set includes PBS 1-201188, PBS 1-201196 and PB81-
201204.
No abstract available.
Keywords: NTISEPAAQP.
1092 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-201188 PCA12/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Directory of Volatile Organic Compound Sources
Covered by Reasonably Available Control Tech-
nology (PACT) Requirements. Volume I: Group I
RAcf 'Categories,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
gillp H. Mehta, and John E. Spessard. Feb 81,273p*
EPA-450/4-81-007A
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
fee also Volume 2, PB81 -201196.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
201170.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is demon-
strating and evaluating the use of photochemical
models. These models require accurate and complete
inventory data bases. To insure that all major volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources are included in
emission inventory data bases, and to insure that VOC
emission Inventories for photochemical oxidant nonat-
tainment areas include all sources that are subject to
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT),
this directory of VOC sources covered by RACT re-
quirements has been derived independently of EPA in-
ventory data. This report is Volume 1 of a 3-volume
series.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Directories, Sources, Or-
ganic compounds, Coatings, Tables(Data), Oxidlzers,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Reasonably Available Control
Technology, "Emission inventories, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-201196 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Directory of Volatile Organic Compound Sources
Covered by Reasonably Available Control Tech-
nology (RACT) Requirements. Volume II: Group II
RACT Categories,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dilip H. Mehta, and John E. Spessard. Feb 81,289p*
EPA-450/4-81-007B
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
201170.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is demon-
strating and evaluating the use of photochemical
models. These models require accurate and complete
inventory data bases. To insure that all major volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources are included in
emission inventory data bases, and to insure that VOC
emission inventones for photochemical oxidant nonat-
tainment areas include all sources that are subject to
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT),
this directory of VOC sources covered by RACT re-
quirements has been derived independently of EPA in-
ventory data. This report is Volume 2 of a 3-volume
series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Directories, Sources, Or-
ganic compounds, Coalings, Refineries, Chemical in-
dustry, Tires, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Dry cleaning, Printing, Tables(Data),
Volatile organic compounds, 'Reasonably Available
Control Technology, 'Emission Inventories, NTISE-
PAAQP.
PB81-201204 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Directory of Volatile Organic Compound Sources
Covered by Reasonably Available Control Tech-
nology (RACT) Requirements. Volume III: Group
HI RACT Categories,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dilip H. Mehta, and John E. Spessard. Feb 81,460p*
EPA-450/4-81-007C
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also Volume 2, PB81 -201196.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
201170.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is demon-
strating and evaluating the use of photochemical
models. These models require accurate and complete
inventory data bases. To insure that all major volatile
organic compound (VOC) sources are included in
emission inventory data bases, and to insure that VOC
emission inventories for photochemical oxidant nonat-
tainment areas include all sources that are subject to
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT),
this directory of VOC sources covered by RACT re-
quirements has been derived Independently of EPA in-
ventory data. This report Is Volume 3 of a 3-volume
series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Directories, Sources, Or-
?anic compounds, Coatings, Tables(Data), Oxidizers,
extile industry, Printing, Chemical Industry, Manufac-
turing, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sty-
rene butadiene resins, Elastomers, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Reasonably Available Control Technolo-
gy, 'Emission inventories, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-201311 PCA02/MFA01
The Need to Control Asbestos Fibers In Potable
Water Supply Systems. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Millette, R. L Boone, M. T. Rosenthal, and L. J.
McCabe. 1980,14p EPA-600/J-81-183
Pub. In The Science of the Total Environment 18, p91-
1021981.
Occupational studies have shown that asbestos is a
human carcinogen. Because many Inhaled asbestos
fibers deposited In the lung are cleared and swallowed,
workers are also exposed through Ingestion. Of the
millions of current and former workers who have been
heavily exposed to asbestos, one in ten will die from
cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. A number on the
order of 1 in 1,000 ingested asbestos fibers penetrate
the digestive tract and Ingested fibers have been re-
covered in such tissues as kidney, Intestine, liver, and
urine. One animal study showed tumor production re-
lated to ingestion of asbestos-containing material but,
in general, the results of seven animal feeding studies
have been inconclusive. A statistically significant rela-
tionship between male lung and stomach cancer and
female peritoneal, gall bladder, and esophageal
cancer and asbestos counts in drinking water was de-
termined in one epidemiology study. Increased rates
for male stomach and lung, and female pancreatic
cancer related to asbestos in drinking water were re-
ported in another study but possible occupational ex-
posure made it difficult to draw conclusions. Data on
excess gastrointestinal cancer among occupational
groups has been used to estimate that drinking water
containing 300,000 asbestos fibers per liter over a life-
time will result in one additional cancer among 100,000
people.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, Fibers, Malig-
nant neoplasms. Reprints, 'Water pollution control,
Health risks, Cancer, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201329 PC A02/MF A01
Contaminant Levels In Animal Feeds Used for
Toxlclty Studies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. Emile Coleman, and Robert G. Tardiff. May 81,12p
EPA-600/J-79-124
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 8, p693-702 1979.
Samples of commercial feeds for laboratory rats,
guinea pigs, cats, monkeys rabbits, and hamsters were
collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively
for selected antibiotics, trace metals, pesticides (or-
ganophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons), natu-
ral agents, and polychlorinated blpnenyls (PCBs). The
results indicated that antibiotics, parathlon, diazinon,
aldrin, and the aflatoxins were not detected, whereas,
metals, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (except
aldrin), and PCBs were continually present. Malathion
and estrogen were found occasionally.
Keywords: 'Laboratory animals, 'Food contamination,
'Toxicology, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analy-
sis, Antibiotics, Pesticides, Diazinon, Metals, Estrogen,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
Trace metals, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Parathion,
Aldrin, Aflatoxins, Malathion, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201337 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Level Drawdown as a Macrophyte Control
Technique. Journal article,
Kent State Univ., OH. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
G. Dennis Cooke. Apr 80,8p EPA-600/J-81-179
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v16 n2 p317-322
Apr 80.
Lake drawdown as a management or restoration tech-
nique for controlling macrophytes in eutrophic lakes is
reviewed for effectiveness, longevity, and positive and
negative Impacts. Drawdown can be effective but Is
species specific, and some nuisance plants are resist-
ant or stimulated. The responses of 63 nuisance plants
are reviewed. Advantages of the technique Include low
cost, absence of toxic chemicals, enhancement of
fisheries, and the opportunity to carry out other lake
improvements. Drawbacks include nutrient release,
algal blooms, low dissolved oxygen, lake user dissatis-
faction during the process, and failure to refill.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Weed control, 'Lakes,
'Water pollution, Drawdown, Responses, Cost analy-
sis, Algae, Dissolved gases, Fisheries, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201394 PC AOS/MF A01
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Dlv. of Physical Sciences and Engineering.
A Prototype Gas Analysis System Using a Minia-
ture Gas Chromatograph,
Stanford Univ., CA.
James B. Angell, John H. Jerman, Stephen C. Terry,
and Sohell Saadat. Apr 81,81 p EPA-700/7-80-184
Contract PHS-NIOSH-210-77-0159
The techniques of integrated circuit processing have
been utilized to miniaturize the main components of a
gas chromatography system. These components are
combined with a sophisticated microcomputer system,
consisting of a microprocessor, solid state memory,
analog-to-digital converter, keyboard, and display, to
form an advanced, portable gas analysis and data log-
ging system. The system can automatically sample the
air, measure the concentration of up to 10 contaminant
vapors, calculate and store contaminant concentra-
tions, and estimate average worker exposures. The in-
strument can be used as an exposure monitor to
sample the air at 1.5 minute intervals for an 8-hour
shift, or it can be used as a survey instrument to take
and analyze samples and provide concentration infor-
mation within 30 seconds of sampling. The small size,
advanced capabilities, and ease of operation of the
system should have a significant impact on the fields
of industrial hygiene and occupational safety and
health. The instrument will greatly expand the ability to
monitor workers' exposures to toxic gases and there-
fore aid In the reduction of such exposures, and pro-
vide better epidemological data in future health stud-
ies.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Laboratory equipment, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Industrial hygiene, Concentration(Composition),
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Indoor air pollution, Computer applications,
NTISEPAORD, NTISHEWOSH, NTISHEWCDC.
PB81-201402 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Operation Manual for Automatic Dlchotomous
Samplers, Application to Beckman Dlchotomous
Samplers. Final rept. Jun-Oct 79,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Environmental Health Sciences.
John D. Spongier, William A. Turner, F. Peter Falrchild,
Jane E. Slaughter, and Thomas G. Dzubay. Mar 81,
105p EPA-600/8-81-007
Operation, calibration and maintenance procedures
for the Beckman Automatic dichotomous sampler are
described. This sampler is one of several currently
available that simultaneously collect coarse and fine
airborne particles. The manual is intended for use by
technicians and operators. It presents discussions of
the nature of atmospheric particles and the basic oper-
ating principles as a means of providing operators with
a more complete understanding of the instrument and
its use. Factors to be considered in site selection are
discussed, followed by instructions for installation and
checkout once the most suitable site has been identi-
fied. Special attention is given to checking for leaks in
the flow system, as field experience has shown this to
be a potential problem. Other areas of concern, such
as operating instructions, calibration techniques, main-
tenance schedules, quality assurance, and trouble
shooting are also addressed. The manual should serve
as an effective supplement to information given in the
manufacturer's Instruction manual.
December 1983 1093
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Particles, 'Manuals, Cali-
brating, Fines, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Air filters, Maintenance, 'Beckman automatic dl-
chotomous samplers, 'Air pollution detection, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-201410 PC A09/MF A01
Guideline for Fluid Modeling of Atmospheric Dif-
fusion. Fluid modeling rept. no. 10,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William H. Snyder, Apr 81,200p EPA-600/8-81 -009
The fundamental principles for fluid modeling of flow
and dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric bound-
ary layer are reviewed. The usefulness of fluid models
are evaluated from both scientific and engineering
viewpoints. Because many detailed decisions must be
made during the design and execution of each model
study, and because the fundamental principles fre-
quently do not provide enough guidance, extensive
discussion of the details of the most common types of
modeling problems are provided. The hardware re-
quirements are also discussed. This guideline is in-
tended to be of use both to scientists and engineers in-
volved in operating fluid modeling facilities and to air
pollution control officials in evaluating the quality and
credibility of the reports from such studies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
'Mathematical models, 'Guidelines, 'Fluid dynamics,
Plumes, Boundary layer flow, Reynolds number, Nu-
merical solution, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-201527 PC A22/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Por-
celain Enameling Point Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Jeffery D. Denit, Ernst P. Hall, and Catherine M. Lowry.
Jan 81,516p EPA-440/1 -81-072B
See also report dated Dec 80, PB81 -201535.
This document is a technical background document
for proposed regulations to limit effluent discharges to
waters of the United States and introductions of pollut-
ants into publicly owned treatment works from facilities
engaged in porcelain enameling. The purpose of this
proposal is to provide effluent limitation guidelines for
'best practicable technology,' 'best available technolo-
gy,' and 'best conventional technology,' and to estab-
lish new source performance standards and pretreat-
ment standards under the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution control,
'Regulations, Standards, Drainage, Outfall sewers,
Runoff, Porcelain enamels, Industries, Performance
evaluation, Waste water reuse, Cost estimates,
Pipes(Tubes), Chromium, Chemical removal(Sewage
treatment), Cyanides, Filtration, Calcium oxides,
Carbon, Best practicable technology, Point sources,
NTISEPAWPS.
PB81-201535 PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Pulp,
Paper and Paperboard and the Builders' Paper
and Board Mills Point Source Categories,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Douglas M. Costle, Jeffery D. Denit, and Robert W.
Dellinger. Dec 80,659p EPA-440/1 -80-0258
See also report dated Jan 81, PB81-201527.
This document presents the findings of a study of the
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard and the Builders' Paper
and Board Mills Point Source Categories for the pur-
pose of developing effluent limitations guidelines for
existing and new point sources and to establish ore-
treatment standards for existing and new dischargers
to publicly owned treatment works.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution control,
•Regulations, Cost analysis, Standards, Wood pulp,
Paper Industry, Paper mills, Drainage, Sewage treat-
. . ^ Pulping, Papermaking, Bleach-
. Spent iiquors(Pulping), Toxlctty,
, Activated sludge process, Best avail-
able technology, Reverse osmosis, Pre
Treatment(Water), Point sources, NTISEPAWPS.
PB81-201675 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Historical Visibility Over the Eastern U.S. Appen-
dix F. Dally Extinction Coefficient Contour Maps,
1973-1977. Final rept. Jan 78-Jan 79,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
David E. Patterson, Janet M. Holloway, and Rudolf B.
Husar. May 80,350p EPA-600/3-80-043G
Grant EPA-R-803896
The changes and causes of reduced visibility in the
Eastern U.S. during the past three decades were ex-
amined. Contour maps or local midday extinction coef-
ficients (inversely related to visibility) are presented for
the years 1973-1977. Dally mean extinction coefficient
maps Illustrate the formation and movement of air
masses with reduced visibility; they are supplemented
by tables and stripcharts of regional meteorological
parameters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Meteorological
data, Haze, Absorptivity, Seasonal variations, Air
masses, Tables(Data), Maps, Eastern Region(United
States), NTISEPAORD.
PB81-202715 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Applicability of the INCOLL Proce-
dure as an I/M Strategy. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Bill Smuda. Nov 80,53p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -5
This report presents testing results which were gath-
ered to investigate the suitability of using the INCOLL
procedure as an emissions inspection and mainte-
nance (I/M) testing procedure compared to existing I/
M testing procedures. The INCOLL procedure utilizes
engine and transmission inertial forces to produce
pressures and temperatures in the engine that will
generate significant quantities of exhaust emissions.
The existing I/M test procedures utilize steady state
engine operating modes to produce significant quanti-
ties of exhaust emissions. The test sequency consist-
ed of FTP, INCOLL, LA-4 and I/M cycles. The test se-
quence was applied to six vehicles in various states of
tune.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Air pollution, Test equipment,
INCOLL test method, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-203028 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The IJC Menomonee River Watershed Study:
Land Use, Population and Physical Characteris-
tics. Volume 2. Final rept 1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
S. G. Walesh, F. Scarpace, J. Goodrich-Mahoney, G.
V. Simslman, and R. Bannerman. Dec 79,124p EPA-
905/4-79-029-B
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, and the Southeastern Wis-
consin Regional Planning Commission.
The Menomonee River Watershed is described in
order to establish a factual base upon which to draw
conclusions concerning the Interactions of the ecosys-
tem and the impact of water quality. The description in-
cludes natural and cultural features such as popula-
tion, land use, climate, physiography and .
soils and water storage areas. Also included in the de-
scription are the characteristics and management
practices existing in the drainage areas of the main-
stream and predominantly single land use monitoring
sites.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Water pollution, 'Menomonee
River, Management, Climate, Geomorprtology, Hydro-
geology, Soils, Remote sensing, Populations, Water
storage, Monitoring, Watersheds, Wisconsin, NTISE-
PAELA.
PB81-203036 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The UC Menomonee River Watershed Study: Sur-
face Water Monitoring Data. Volume 3. Final rept.
1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
R. Bannerman, J. G. Konrad, D. Becker, G. V.
Simsiman, and G. Chesters. Dec 79,316p EPA-905/4-
79-029-C
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared In cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, and Southeastern Wisconsin
Regional Planning Commission.
The quality of runoff from nine malnstem river stations
and three inner harbor stations were monitored be-
tween 1975 and 1977. Automatic flow recording and
water sampling instruments were used at the main-
stem river stations. Seasonal flow and concentration
data for 26 parameters monitored throughout the study
are documented, although discussion is focused on
the key parameters-suspended solids, total and solu-
ble-P and lead-to demonstrate seasonal and site dif-
ferences. Bacterial counts and PCB concentrations
determined sporadically are also included. Evaluation
made on the concentration data includes (1) compari-
son with water quality criteria, (2) correlation to show
relationships between parameters and (3) behavior of
parameter concentration and loading rates during an
event.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
Monitoring, Concentration(Composition), Sites,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), watersheds, Meno-
monee River, Bacteria, Wisconsin, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-203051 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The IJC Menomonee River Watershed Study: Sim-
ulation of Pollutant Loadings and Runoff Quality.
Volume 5. Final rept. 1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
V. Novotny, D. Balsiger, R, Bannerman, J. G. Konrad,
and G. V. Simsiman. Dec 79,172p EPA-905/4-79-029-
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, Marquette Univ., Milwaukee,
Wl, and Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning
Commission.
Simulations of sediment loadings for various land uses
In 48 subwatersheds of the Menomonee River Water-
shed are preformed using the LANDRUN model. In
order to determine ratios estimated for pervious areas
In each subwatershed. The Model Enhanced Unit
Loading (MEUL) method utilizing the LANDRUHmodel
has been developed to simulate potential pollutant
loadings from urban and non-urban land uses.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, * Menomonee
River, Mathematical models, Storm sewers, Sedi-
ments, Land use, Watersheds, Wisconsin, Nonpolnt
sources. LANDRUN model, MEUL method, Organic
loadings, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-203069 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The IJC Menomonee River Watershed Study:
Ground Hydrology- Volume 7. Final rept. 1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
M. P. Anderson, C. C. Elsen, R. N. Hotter, John G.
Konrad, and Gordon Chesters. Dec 79,166p EPA-
905/4-79-029-G
Grant EPA-R-005142
The research was a comprehensive study of the quan-
tity and quality of groundwater discharged Into the
Menomonee River System, southeastern Wisconsin.
The Menomonee River Watershed comprises three
aquifer systems: the deep artesian sandstone, the Ni-
agara dolomite and the glacial aquifers. Groundwater
discharge into the river system Is supplied mainly by
the shallow glacial aquifer, with only a minor compo-
nent of discharge supplied by the dolomite aquifer.
During the 1 year study, groundwater was found to ac-
count for 45 to 65% ofthe non-event flow in the Meno-
monee River. Discharges from sewage treatment
plants and of industrial waste waters supplied the re-
mainder of the non-event flow.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Meno-
monee River, Aquifers, Glacial deposits,
Dolomite(Rock), Sewage disposal, Waste water,
1094 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
flow, Solid waste disposal, Correlation tech-
PAELA Gravel' Wl800n8in' Sand8t°nes, NTISE-
PB81-203077 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Tn* UC Menomonee River Watershed Study: At-
mospheric Chemistry of Lead and Phosphorus.
Volume 8. Final rept. 1974-79,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
*•W. Andren, and T. R. Stolzenburg. Dec 79,98p
EPA-905/4-79-029-H
Grant EPA-R-005142
See also Volume 9, PB81 -196487.
Air monitoring stations were located in five different
•and use types of the Menomonee River Watershed.
lotal suspended paniculate concentrations were high-
est in the industrial valley, decreasing to the residen-
JWl. transition-urban, mixed rural and rural. Even the
rural station experienced effects from local urban
emission sources. All stations exhibited similar tempo-
ral trends of suspended load.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Phosphorus, Particles, Air
PoHution, Monitoring, Concentration(Composition),
urban areas, Rural areas, Deposition, Water sheds,
n-ecipitation(Meteorology), Industrial wastes, Sites,
Menomonee River, Wisconsin, 'Total suspended par-
ticulates, 'Air pollution sampling, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-203085 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The |JC Menomonee River Watershed Study: Ef-
fete of Tributary Inputs on Lake Michigan During
Huh Flows. Volume 10. Final rept. 1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
n. Bannerman, J. G. Konrad, and D. Becker. Dec 79,
57p EPA-905/4-79-029-J
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, and Southeastern Wisconsin
Regional Planning Commission.
This study was in part of TASK D of the Pollution from
Land Use Activities Reference Group (PLUARG) ob-
jwtive to diagnose the degree of Impairment of Great
Lmes-wtter quality. The overall objective of this study
was to determine the effects of input from the Milwau-
kee, Menomonee and Kinnlckinnic Rivers.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Land use, 'Water pollution,
Lake Michigan, 'Menomonee River, Sediments, Or-
ganic compounds, Phosphorus, Inorganic phosphates,
Sewage disposal, Kinnlckinnic River, Wisconsin, Mil-
waukee River, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-203168 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
Testing Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues (Test Groups No. 9 and 10).
Technical rept,
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
H. Anthony Ashby. 1980,102p
Contract EPA-88-03-2829
See also report dated 1979, PB81 -123499.
The intention of test group no. 9 was to evaluate ex-
haust emissions from vehicles in Portland, Oregon
which are subject to a state inspection and mainte-
nance (I/M) program with those in Vancouver, Wash-
ington, which are not subject to I/M. Fifty 1976 and fifty
1978 model year vehicles were recruited from Vancou-
ver and tested. Matching vehicles were then recruited
from Portland and tested. The intention of test group
no. 10 was to evaluate the effect of specific mainte-
nance tasks on emissions from vehicles which have
high emission levels as determined by a state I/M pro-
gram. Thirty-five vehicles from the Vancouver, Wash-
ington area which failed the Oregon State Inspection
Test as part of the testing required for test group no. 9
were selected for this group.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Mainte-
nance, Inspection, Diagnosls(General), Air pollution,
Oregon, Washlngton(State), Portland/Oregon),
VancouverCWashington), NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-203333 PC A03/MF A01
Update on the Fuel Economy Benefits of Inspec-
tion and Maintenance Programs. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
R. Bruce Michael. Apr 81, 29p EPA-AA-IMS-81-10
The purpose of this report is to present an updated as-
sessment of the fuel economy benefits of Inspection
and Maintenance (I/M) programs, in terms of individual
vehicle and fleetwide savings, using the latest EPA
test data. The fuel economy benefits which will result
from a basic I/M program and the incremented bene-
fits due to adding options to the basic program are pre-
sented. The basic of 'typical' I/M program analyzed is
an annual one with idle emissions inspections of all
gasoline powered passenger cars of model years 1968
and newer. The three options which are analyzed are a
more effective test for 1981 and later vehicles, a me-
chanic training program, and a tire pressure check
conducted as part of the I/M inspection.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Benefit cost analy-
sis, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-203341 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the Applicability of Inspection/Main-
tenance Tests on a 1981 Cadillac Seville with
Throttle Body Fuel Injection. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Bill Smuda. Apr 81,37p EPA-AA-IMS-81-12
This report presents test results which were gathered
to determine the suitability of existing I/M short tests
on a Cadillac car with a computer based emission con-
trol system. This car had a microprocessor-based
engine control system with throttle body fuel injection
(T6I), modulated displacement and a dual bed cata-
lyst. After suitable baselines were established, various
components were made inoperative in the emission
control system. Complete FTP, HFET, and I/M tests
were run for each vehicle condition. Also an on-board
system diagnostic check was performed for each con-
figuration. This report presents the measured data
taken during the tests.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Inspection, Maintenance, Exhaust emissions,
Microcomputers, Fuel injectors, Catalytic converters,
Exhaust emissions, Cadillac Seville automobiles,
Motor vehicles(1981 models), NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-203580
PC A06/MF A01
EPA I/M Model Program Guidelines Request for
Contract Proposal (RFP). Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
William B. Clemmens, David Brezezlnski, Becky
Waring, and Fred lacobelli. NovSO, 89p EPA-AA-IMS-
80-7
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Bureau of Vehic-
ular Inspection.
After legislative authority to implement an I/M program
has been passed by the State Legislature, those ad-
ministrators responsible for the program are faced with
the 'how to do it' aspects of implementation. One im-
.
mediate concern Is the decision on the type of pro-
gram to be implemented-centralized or decentralized.
If a centralized program is selected, the Administrator
must deal with the task of developing a network of in-
spection facilities. The development of the Inspection
networks as well as the operation of Inspection facili-
ties is often performed by the private sector under con-
tract to the state. For those states choosing to use the
contractor approch for either construction or oper-
ation, the state has the responsibility to develop a doc-
ument specifying the services that the state wants.
This document is generally called an RFP (Request for
Proposal) and contains the detailed specifications re-
quired. The question is 'How much detail.' and'What
services.' should be included in the state RFP. To pro-
vide guidance or appropriate suggestions to these
questions, the EPA staff has developed the included
•Model RFP'.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Maintenance, 'Inspec-
tion, 'Contract administration, Proposals, Guidelines,
Specifications, Contract terms, Contracted services,
Bids, 'Request for propoal, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-203713 PC A05/MF A01
Flow Reduction: Methods, Analysis, Procedures,
Examples. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Mar 81,96p*
This report is a study of the effect of the Industrial Cost
Exclusion (ICE) on the construction grants program.
This study and the report were directed by the Con-
gress in section 4 of a recent amendment to the Feder-
al Water Pollution Control Act. The report reflects the
full range of opinions expressed to the Agency during
the conduct of our study. Comments and data were
provided by water pollution control agencies of the
several States, communities and industries that will be
affected by the industrial cost exclusion, interested
public and private interest groups and other parties.
The impacts of ICE have been assessed from both the
industrial and municipal perspectives in order to objec-
tively analyze the potential consequences. Further, the
report analyzes the impacts on rural communities and
on industries in economically distressed areas and
areas with high unemployment. Specific communities
and projects are identified and each State is analyzed
in terms of short-term and long-term effects of ICE.
Keywords: 'Flow rate, 'Water conservation, Water
supply, Construction, Grants, Savings, Capitalized
costs, Environmental impacts, Rural areas, 'Dis-
tressed areas, Flow reduction, NTISEPAOWP.
PB81-203762 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Air and
Hazardous Materials Div.
Determination of Capture and Destruction Effi-
ciencies of Selected Volatile Organic Compound
Control Device* In the State of Illinois. Final rept.
Aug-Dec 80.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Apr 81,112p RAD-81-240-016-03-09, EPA-905/2-80-
005
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
This report provides technical support for the develop-
ment of the Illinois State Implementation Plan for sur-
face coating industries, and more specifically, paper
and can coating. A source testing program was con-
ducted at three paper coating and two can coating fa-
cilities in Illinois to determine the efficiency of capture
and destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
using either carbon adsorption or afterburner systems.
At the paper coaters, the VOC collection efficiencies
were 91-94%, but at the can coating plants, collection
efficiency was undetermined. On the paper coating
lines, two carbon adsorbers showed 79 and 98% con-
trol efficiency and a thermal afterburner was perform-
ing at 95% efficiency. The three afterburners at the
can coating plants were controlling only 26 to 73% of
the VOC's because operating temperatures were rela-
tively low. EPA Method 25 was used to determine the
VOC concentration in the vapor streams.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Air pollution, 'Coatings, Organic
compounds, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Afterburners, Design criteria, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, State implementation plans,
Implementation air pollution planning program, NTISE-
PAELA.
PB81-203804 PC A05/MF A01
Evaluation of Procedures for Identification of
Hazardous Wastes. Part 1. Sampling, Extraction,
and Inorganic Analytical Procedures. Rept. for May
79-Jul8o"
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas. NV.
L R. Williams, E. P. Meier, T. A. Hinners, E. A. Yfantis,
and W. F. Beckert Apr 81,94p' EPA-600/4-81-027
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Las Vegas, NV.
A study was performed to evaluate the sampling, ex-
traction, and analytical procedures (inorganic) pro-
posed in the RCRA regulations for identifying wastes
as hazardous by the toxlclty characteristic. Twenty-
seven different wastes were sampled and analyzed in
accordance with the RCRA regulations. The high
degree of heterogeneity found In many wastes under-
scores the need for a carefully designed sampling pro-
tocol to reproduclbly obtain representative samples
from each waste source. A protocol was developed
December 1983 1095
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and tested for obtaining composite samples from
waste ponds or lagoons. Samplers tested, the pond
sampler and the COLIWASA (composite liquid waste
sampler), were found too acceptable for sampling haz-
ardous waste, when used in a well-designed sampling
protocol. Reliability and reproducibility of the EP were
evaluated (RSD less than 15%). The blade-type rotary
extractor (as cited in the proposed regulations), a tum-
bling-type extractor, and a wrist-arm-type shaker were
compared. These three types yielded similar EP ex-
tracts. The supporting analytical methods (atomic ab-
sorption spectrometry) were found to be highly repro-
ducible for Cr and Pb, and somewhat less for the Ba
(RSDs less than 3.1 %, 4.6%, and 16.4% respectively).
Independent analyses of the same waste extracts by
two laboratories were highly reproducible, i.e., the vari-
ance from analyses was negligible. However, differ-
ences in the EP extracts produced by the two laborato-
ries show the need for a detailed and concise protocol
for conducting the EP. Problems with sample contami-
nation from the blade-type extractor (chromium) and
the filtration apparatus (barium) were identified.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical analysis,
'Solid waste disposal, Sampling, Extraction, Inorganic
compounds, Regulations, Cargo transportation, Site,
Leaching, Atomic spectroscopy, Lead(Metal), Chromi-
um, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Proce-
dures, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-204067 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Water Quality Planning Activities In the U.S. Great
Lakes Basin: A Review of State and Areawlde
Agency Five Year Strategies and Work Programs.
Progress rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Paul A. Sanders, Rose Ann Sullivan, and William C.
Sonzogni. Feb 80,109p EPA-905/9-80-007
This report represents the five year strategies and
annual work programs developed by state and
areawide planning agencies in the basin that will
review and propose studies with particular relevance
to Great Lakes issues and problems identified. Major
water pollution problems are highlighted in the reports
and programs proposed for pollution abatement are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Water pollution, 'Great
Lakes, Research projects, Sludge, Toxicity, Air pollu-
tion, Benefit cost analysis, Fly ash, Dredging, Ground
water, Hazardous materials, Land use, Nonpoint
sources, Point sources, Wetlands, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-204075 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Equilibrium Fluoride Capacity of Activated
Alumina. Determination of the Effects of pH and
Competing Ions. Final rept. Jul 78-Dec 80,
Houston Univ., TX.
Gurinderjit Singh, and Dennis A. Clifford. May 81,71 p
EPA-600/2-81-082
Grant EPA-R-806073
This report describes research on the determination of
the equilibrium fluoride adsorption capacity of small
columns of acid pretreated activated alumina (Alcoa F-
1 grade). The experimental observations verified the
expectation that fluoride is very favorably adsorbed in
preference to the common anions: sulfate, chloride
and bicarbonate. However, the adsorption capacities
were found to be four to five times higher than what
has been reported in the early literature for municipal
defluoridation processes. Fluoride adsorption capacity
is significantly affected and is decreased with an in-
crease in pH beyond seven. The alumina selectivity
sequence determined by experiments was the same
as has been reported in the early literature, OH(-1)
greater than F(-1) greater than SO4(-2) greater than
l(-1) greater than HCO3(-1). Although fluoride anions
are preferred over sulfate ions, the sulfate ions com-
pete significantly at the levels found in ground water
supplies. Experiments with high ionic strength ranging
up to 56 millimoles per liter (5600 ppm as CaCO3) indi-
cate that the total adsorption capacity increases slight-
ly. Fluoride adsorption capacity decreases only slightly
with the very significant increases in the concentra-
tions of the other anions. These equilibrium data will
prove useful in utilizing the maximum adsorption ca-
pacity of activated alumina in municipal defluoridation
processes.
Keywords: 'Chemical equilibrium, 'Fluorides, 'Water
treatment, Adsorption, pH, Ions, Isotherms, Potable
water, 'Activated alumina, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-204109 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Water Quality and Mangrove Ecosystem Dynam-
ics,
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci-
ence, Miami, FL. Div. of Biology and Living Resources.
Samuel C. Snedaker, and Melvin S. Brown. Apr 81,
95pEPA-600/4-81-022
Grant EPA-R-803340
Field studies were made to determine the relationship
between general water quality parameters, with em-
phasis on pesticides and metal pollutants, and the
functioning of the halophytic mangroves. It was con-
cluded, from a broad range of ecological sample analy-
ses, that mangroves are relatively insensitive to toxic
materials in the parts per million range and lower. Fur-
ther, they do not significantly concentrate synthetic or-
ganics or metals to levels which could be considered
harmful to detritus feeders.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Aquatic plants, 'Trees(Plants),
'Water pollution, Pesticides, Plant ecology, Toxicity,
Biochemistry, Hazards, Decomposition, Salinity, Peat,
Runoff, Puerto Rico, Florida, 'Mangroves, Halophytes,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-204950 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Viruses, Organlcs, and Other Health-Related Con-
stituents of the Occoquan Watershed and Water
Service Area. Part II. Viruses. Final rept. 1975-77,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Robert C. Hoehn, and Clifford W. Randall. Mar 81,
139pEPA-570/9-80-002
Grant EPA-68-01-3202
This study reports data from a two-year monitoring
effort (1975-77) for several health-related constituents
of drinking water in a northern Virginia system (Fairfax
County Water Authority) which serves about 640,000
residents. This study addresses a broad range of inter-
ests with respect to viruses in detail and depth, with re-
spect to a single, urbanizing reservoir and water serv-
ice area. Since this project involved not only environ-
mental studies but also a major basic testing of com-
parative virus sampling, concentrating and analytical
schemes, its results will be of interest not only to water
supply engineers but also to virologists and other sci-
entists concerned with virus sampling, concentrating
and analytical schemes, its results will be of interest
not only to water supply engineers but also to virol-
ogists and other scientists concerned with virus meas-
urement technology and assessments.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Potable water, Monitoring,
Urban areas, Reservoirs, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Waste water, Compari-
son, Public health, Assessments, Environmental im-
pacts, Virology, Water supply, Equipment,
Tables(Data), Bioassay, 'Drinking water, NTISE-
PACSD.
PB81-205254 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineenng and Technology.
Problems of Modeling Local Impacts of Energy
Development: Proceedings of the Great Plains Re-
search Coordinating Committee Number 8 (GPC-
8) Held at Denver, Colorado on March 18-19,1980.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication,
Great Plains Agricultural Council.
F. Larry Leistritz, Lloyd D. Bender, Karen L Clauson,
Thomas H. Shillington, and Marjorie Powers. Aug 80,
167p GPAC-96, EPA-600/9-80-036
The Committee on Social and Economic Implications
of Energy Extraction, Conversion, and Transportation
(GPC-8) of the Great Plains Agricultural Council spon-
sored a workshop on Modeling Local Impacts of
Energy Development in Denver, Colorado in March,
1980. The workshop included nine major papers, each
dealing with the current state of the art and/or new
concepts in the development and utilization of socio-
economic impact models. Topics which were empha-
sized in the workshop included: (1) Present status of
socioeconomic impact models and techniques with
recommendations for future work; (2) Long-term struc-
tural changes in rural economies and their Implications
for impact modeling; and Labor market implications of
large-scale energy development.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Economic impact, Mathemati-
cal models, Economic models, Rural areas, Manpow-
er, Unskilled workers, Social effect, Proceedings,
'Energy source development, Socio-economic fac-
tors, Social impact, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-205S8S PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Fuel Economy Differences on •
1978 Volvo for Two Different Motor Oils. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Pennlnga, and Dave Lawrence. Nov 80,
29pEPA-AA-TEB-81-10
This report presents the results which were gathered
to determine the fuel economy difference between a
low viscosity multigrade, synthetic motor oil and a
straight 30 weight motor oil. The test vehicle was a
1978 Vo|vq which was modified to give consistent ve-
hicle emissions and fuel economy. The car was tested
with each oil at ambient temperatures of 40 degrees F,
75 degrees F and 90 degrees F. The low viscosity syn-
thetic showed no improvement on the Federal Test
Procedure (FTP) at 40 degrees F and 90 degrees r
and a .74% increase in fuel economy for the 75 de-
grees F tests. The Highway Fuel Economy Tests
(HFET) showed a 2.13% increase at 40 degrees F,
2.48% increase at 75 degrees F, and 2.71 % at 90 de-
grees F for the low viscosity synthetic multigrade oil.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Lubricating oils, 'Fuel con-
sumption, Synthetic oils, Viscosity, Performance tests,
Statistical data, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-205619 PC A19/MF A01
User's Guide to MOBILE2 (Mobile Source Emis-
sions Model). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Feb 81,447p EPA-460/3-81-006
This document is the User's Guide to MOBILE2.
MOBILE2 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from .highway
motor vehicles. The program uses the calculation pro-
cedures and emission factors presented in Compila-
tion of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Highway Mobile
Sources, March 1981 (EPA 460/3-81-005). MOBILE2
calculates emission factors for eight individual vehicle
types in three regions of the country. MOBILE2 emis-
sion estimates depend on various ambient, vehicle
usage, and local conditions such as temperature,
speed, mileage accumulation and accrual distribu-
tions, vehicle-miles-traveled distributions, etc.
MOBILE2 will estimate emission factors for any calen-
dar year between 1970 and 2020, inclusive. The 20
most recent model years are considered in operation
in each calendar year. MOBILE2 supersedes
MOBILE1. Compared to MOBILE1, MOBILES incorpo-
rates several new options, calculating methodologies,
emission factor estimates, emission control regula-
tions, and internal program designs, As such,
MOBILE2 should be easier to maintain, transport, alter
and comprehend.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Com-
puter programming, 'Manuals, 'Mathematical models,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Regulations, Motor vehicles, Fortran, Computer pro-
grams, 'Emission factors, 'Mobile source emissions
model, MOBILE 2 computer program, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-205783 PC A03/MF A01
Economic Development Administration, Washington,
DC.
Rhode Island/Southeastern Massachusetts Jew-
elry, Electroplating and Metal Finishing Industries
Environmental Assistance Project.
Rhode Island State Dept. of Economic Development,
Providence.
May81,46pEDA-81-082
Grant EDA-99-26-07051-10
This report is a summary of the findings of an 18 month
study funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce
1096 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Economic Development Administration, the Manufac-
«jnng Jewelers and Silversmiths of America, Inc., and
•]• Rhode Island Department of Economic Develop-
{nem. The purpose of this study is to assist the metal
wtshers, predominantly jewelry metal finishers, in
complying with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
wastewater pretreatment regulations requiring pollu-
"on control of sewer discharges by October 1 988. Due
» the high cost of pollution control, USEPA's forecast
wat 2% of the electroplating job shops would go out of
Business due to the controls.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Water pollution control,
•r^elty, 'Electroplating, Regulations, Forecasting,
jclustrial waste treatment, NTISCOMEDA, NTISE-
JJB81-205825 PC A08/MF A01
tjwonrnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
economic Impact Analysis of Alternative Pollution
vontrol Technologies, Wood Preserving Subcate-
jjortes of th« Timber Products Industry. Technical
W. (Final).
V™e (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jan 81, 162p EPA-440/2-80-087
Contract EPA-68-01-41 94
•"onions of this document are not fully legible.
The report includes an industry characterization (proc-
?»W8, market structure and financial information), in-
austry costs of compliance with the effluent limitations
•no an economic impact analysis for existing and new
Jjurces resulting from the effluent limitations for the
inS°3 Pres8rv!nQ Industry. Wood treating processes
[nciuoe pressure and non-pressure systems. The two
pressure processes used are Boulton or Steam proc-
Kaywords: 'Wood preservatives, 'Water pollution
"Patement, 'Economic impact, Water pollution con-
{•oj, Effluents, Prices, Profits, Cost analysis, Marketing,
jnoustrial plants, Industrial water, Industrial structure,
•-ornpllanee, NTISEPAWPS.
JJB81-205932 PC A06/MF A01
tnwonmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Jjonttorlng Techniques for Carbon Fiber Emls-
g°«« Evaluation A,
g££ Corp.. Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
J?*0 Lflienfeld. Mar 81,85p EPA-600/2-81 -048
Infract EPA-68-02-3274
An investigation was carried out of methods and tech-
""JJjaa applicable to the detection and monitoring of
Carbon fibers as they are emitted in processes involv-
["8 their manufacture or their use. The specific actlvi-
™s of these programs were: (a) to perform a detailed
ijerature search on relevant information about candi-
Jjate measurement methods, (b) to determine the typi-
cal effluent conditions under which carbon fibers are
fitted to the atmosphere, (c) to evaluate the various
applicable candidate monitoring techniques, (d) to per-
'orrn a comparison of these methods, and (e) to select
8 Preferred monitoring technique. The following con-
tusions were reached: (a) routine carbon fiber emis-
*®ns to the atmosphere are, at present, negligible; (b)
no extant Instrument is capable of selective detection
onttonnQ. Amono
JW most promising candidate techniques identified
*wln this investigation is the photothermal detection
"^thod. This approach Is discussed in detail, and pre-
"rninary design criteria for an instrument Incorporating
"* technique have been developed.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Gas detectors, 'Gas anal-
*. Monitoring, Air pollution, Performance evaluation,
criteria, Comparison, 'Air pollution detection,
PAORD.
££•1.206940 PC A05/MF A01
•Jiyrtcal, Chemical and Biological Conditions of
*• Sagavanlrktok River and Nearby Control
Streams. Shavlovlk and Canning Rivers. Final rept.,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda. MD.
SgorW. Schallock, and Ernst W. Mueller. May 81. 99p
cPA-800/3-81-034
Biological, physical and chemical data were collected
Tom 28 stations on the Sagavanirktok River and five of
its tributaries, the Canning River, Shaviovik River, two
tundra lakes and Galbraith Lake. These stations are lo-
cated on the North Slope of Alaska and in the area im-
pacted by the oil industry. Macrobenthic community
samples collected from streams were dominated by
Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Diptera, although An-
nelida, Arcari, and other groups were also present.
Within the Diptera, Chironomidae was usually numeri-
cally dominant although in some areas, Simullldae,
Ceratopogonidae, Tlpulidae, and Tabanldae were im-
portant. Lake habitat supported Mollusca, Copepoda,
Anostraca, Cladocera, Amphfpoda, and Trichoptera.
Piscifauna included the arctic grayling, arctic char, lake
trout, pike, slimy sculpin, nine-spine stickleback, ling
cod, and round whitefish. Total and fecal coliform bac-
teria values in the stream waters are low. Ranges and
patterns of 23 chemical and physical parameters In the
aquatic environment were discussed. Measurements
of specific cations and anions included dissolved
oxygen, phosphorus, silica, sodium, potassium, calci-
um, magnesium, iron, chloride and nitrogen forms. Col-
lective parameters such as specific conductance, alka-
linity, total hardness, pH, total organic carbon and fixed
suspended solids were also measured.
Keywords: 'SagavanirktoK River, 'Fuel oil, 'Water pol-
lution, Canning River, Shaviovik River, Lakes, Gal-
braith Lake, Alaska, Cations, Anions, Benthos, pH, Al-
kalinity, Sampling, Fishes, Arctic region, Tables(Data),
Carbon, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-205957 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
A Lldar Polarlmeter Technique for Measuring Sus-
pended Solids In Water. Final rept..
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Remote Sens-
ing Center.
D. W. Presley, and R. W. Newton. May 81,191 p EPA-
600/4-81-036
Grant EPA-R-806351
This study investigates the capability of the lldar polar-
imeter to measure the concentration of suspended
solids in water for a variety of measurement condi-
tions. Previous laboratory and field measurements
have demonstrated the potential of the system to
measure turbidity, transmittance and suspended solids
under field conditions. The instrument measures two
orthogonally polarized components of laser energy
back-scattered from a scene which in this study Is
sediment-laden water. The results of the data analysis
show the direct dependence of the back-scattered
measurements to scattering particle concentration for
all of the measurement conditions examined. This
direct dependence confirms the ability of the lidar po-
larlmeter to measure suspended solids In water. How-
ever, further laboratory measurements and field ex-
periments to better determine particular particle ef-
fects are recommended.
Keywords: 'Optical radar, 'Polarimeters, 'Sediments,
•Remote sensing, Concentration(Compositlon), Sam-
a, Turbidity, Transmittance, Laboratory equipment,
tests, Water pollution, Tables(Data), 'Water
quality, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-20S965 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Facultative Lagoon Effluent Polishing Using
Phase Isolation Ponds. Final rept. Sep 77-Sep 80,
Environmental Protection Systems, Inc., Jackson, MS.
E. Corbin McGriff, Jr. May 81,168p EPA-600/2-81 -084
Grant EPA-R-805296
An investigation Into the performance of 'Phase Isola-
tion' as a means of upgrading facultative lagoons was
conducted at Clinton, Mississippi, using 2 facultative
lagoons arranged in series followed by 2 isolation
ponds used alternately for final polishing. The isolation
ation periods varying from 20-44 days. The object of
this study was to evaluate this 'Phase Isolation' proc-
ess for its potential for upgrading facultative lagoons.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'LagoonsfPonds), 'Upgrading,
'water pollution control. Performance evaluation,
Separation, Monitoring, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Isolation, Wastewater, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases. pH, Coliform bacteria, Urban areas, Mississippi,
ClintonfMlsslsslppi), Suspended solids, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-205973 PC A04/MF A01
Temporal Variability of Toxic Contaminants In
Animal Diets,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. P. Bercz, and W. Emlle Coleman. May 81,75p EPA-
600/1-81-040
Uncertified commercial research animal feed (Purina
Chow TM) was analyzed over forty-one months to de-
termine essential and trace elements and toxic con-
taminants. Parametric statistics and graphic chrono-
logic progressions of the results are presented for cat,
monkey, rodent (rat/mouse), guinea pig and dog diets.
Concentrations of toxic contaminants are discussed In
terms of Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC)
proposed by EPA. The impact of undesirable contami-
nants on In vivo animal studies in analyzed. Practical
aspects of cost-effectiveness of feed analysis in a
major research setting is discussed.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Feeding stuffs, Trace ele-
ments, Diets, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Compositlon), In vivo analysis, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Nutrition, Statis " '
Statistical data, 'Toxic sub-
stances, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-20S981 PC A03/MF A01
Oxygen-Consuming Organlcs In Nonpolnt Source
Runoff: A Literature Review,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
A. Ray Abernathy. May 81,38p EPA-600/3-81 -033
Much research has been carried out on the pollutions!
strength of nonpolnt source runoff and the potential
effect of the runoff upon freshwater systems of the
United States. This report Is an attempt to pull together
the more significant findings on the oxygen-demanding
strength of both urban and rural nonpolnt source
runofr. The objectives were to survey the recent litera-
ture, especially EPA Research Reports, and to sum-
marize the findings on loadings of oxygen consuming
material discharged to freshwater by nonpoint source
runoff. Once the loadings of oxygen-using material
were available, the next objective was to estimate the
impact of these loadings upon the dissolved oxygen
resources of freshwater systems and the ecologtealef-
fects upon freshwater environments. Unfortunately,
there Is a serious shortage of data upon surface accu-
mulation rates, stream-side loading rates, and dis-
solved oxygen concentrations resulting from nonpolnt
source Inputs all measured concurrently within the
same watershed. The data available Indicate that the
oxygen-demanding loadings from urban runoff can be
very significant, but that estimates of effects upon fish
and other aquatic organisms must await more Informa-
tion.
Keywords: 'Runoffs, 'Water pollution, Oxygen, Btode-
tenoratlon, Urban areas, Rural areas, Dissolved gases,
Fishes, 'Nonpoint sources, Water pollution
effects(Anlmals), NTISEPAORD.
PB81-205999 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Wood Preserving Industry Multimedia Emission
Inventory. Final rept. Apr 78-Jun 80,
Acurex Corp., Mountain view, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Bruce DaRos, Bill Fitch, Carole Franklin, Mike
Friedman, and Richard Merrill. Apr 81,269p ACUREX-
FR-80-53/EE, EPA-600/2-81-066
Contract EPA-68-03-2584
Restriction of the discharge of wastewater generated
during the preservation of wood has resulted In the In-
creased use of evaporation techniques by the wood
preserving Industry. This report discusses emissions
that may occur during evaporation and projects the
pollutant burden on the environment. The Information
presented includes a description of the wood preserv-
ing Industry, Its products, the regulations impacting rts
emissions, and the nature of Its emissions. The appli-
cation of preservatives Is discussed In detail and In-
cludes discussions of the waste streams generated
during the treatment process. Disposal of the generat-
ed wastewater Is the primary topic of discussion, sup-
ported by laboratory and field sampling data. The
measured emissions are compared to evaporation
models, followed by an Industrywide projection of the
emission of organlcs If evaporation Is used for the dis-
posal of wastewater. The Impact of regulations on
future emission rates Is also projected. The primary
December 1983 1097
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conclusions of this work are that organic compounds
are emitted to the atmosphere during evaporation. The
rate of release is based on the type of evaporation
system used: solar ponds, thermal (pan) evaporators,
spray ponds or cooling towers; the temperature (ther-
mal) driving force used; the molecular weight and vola-
tility of the substances; and the concentration of each
component in solution following wastewater pretreat-
ment.
Keywords: "Wood preservatives, 'Water pollution
control, 'Evaporation, Solid waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion, Industrial waste treatment, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Particles, Tables(Data), Cresote,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Emission inventories,
Phenol/pentachloro, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-20600S PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Maintenance for Fugitive VOC Emis-
sions Control. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. J. Langley, and R. G. Wetherold. May 81,243p
EPA-600/2-81-080
Contract EPA-68-03-2776
The U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards (OAQPS) has the responsibility for formulating
regulations for the control of fugitive emissions of vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC). 'Fugitive emissions'
generally refers to the diffuse release of vaporized hy-
drocarbon or other organic compounds. Fugitive emis-
sions originate from equipment leaks as well as large
and/or diffuse sources, the study reported here was
undertaken by the Office of Research and Develop-
ment to assist OAQPS in the development of regula-
tions. The project was designed to quantify the effec-
tiveness of routine (on-line) maintenance in the reduc-
tion of fugitive VOC emissions from in-line valves. An
overall emission reduction of approximately 70% was
achieved by tightening the bolts on the valve packing
gland. This level of control was sustained for up to
about six months. The rates of leak occurrence and re-
currence were also evaluated, as well as the time re-
quired to conduct the on-line maintenance.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Organic compounds, 'Air
pollution control, Equipment, Leakage, Regulations,
Performance standards, Maintenance, Evaluation,
Standards, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Air quality, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206013 PC A03/MF A01
The Carcinogen Assessment Group's Final Risk
Assessment on Arsenic. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 May 81, 34p EPA-600/6-81-002
An estimate of the potential cancer hazard to popula-
tions exposed to airborne arsenic is given. Data ana-
lyzed are from occupational studies, estimates of am-
bient exposure and the number of cancer cases in-
duced in the general or 'non-industrial' exposed popu-
lations. Using a linear model and data from three stud-
ies (Pinto et al. (1977), Ott et at. (1974), and Lee and
Fraumeni (1969)), it is estimated that the increase in
the lung cancer rate per increase of 1 micrograms/cu
m of atmospheric arsenic was 9.4%, 17.0% and 3.3%
respectively, with a geometric mean of these values
calculated to be 8.1 %. Using this value and data from
a revised 1979 Stanford Research Institute arsenic ex-
posure assessment, lifetime risk of respiratory cancer
to those near cotton gins is calculated to be as high as
0.0134 and higher than 0.00001 for about 2.81 million
people due to all sources of air arsenic exposure. Total
atmospheric arsenic caused deaths due to respiratory
cancer is estimated to be within a 95% confidence in-
terval of 19.4 to 1.2 deaths annually.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Toxicol-
~~ 'Carcinogens, Industrial medicine, Air pollution,
sure, Estimates, Hazards, Risk, Assessments,
ilic health, Occupational diseases, Mathematical
models, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Cancer, Envi-
ronmental health, Health risks, 'Toxic substances, Oc-
cupational safety and health, Carcinogenesis, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-206021 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Physical/Chemical Treatment of Coke Plant
Wastewater. Final rept. Jan 78-Feb 80,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
Richard Osantowski, Anthony Geinopolos, and Gary
Rollinger. Apr 81,207p EPA-600/2-81 -053
Contract EPA-68-02-2671
The report documents a pilot-plant study of the use of
advanced waste treatment methods in upgrading met-
allurgical cokemaking wastewaters to Best Available
Technology (BAT) levels. Mobile treatment units, oper-
able at a flow rate of 19 1/min, were used. Two physi-
cal/chemical treatment trains were studied: (a) alka-
line-chlorlnation/filtration/activated-carbon, and (b) al-
kaline-chlorinatlon/sodium-bisulfite-dechlorination/
filtration. For each treatment studied, samples (includ-
ing toxic pollutants) and operational data were ob-
tained for later use in assessing and comparing treat-
ment adequacy. Chlorination was effective in consist-
ently reducing pollutant concentrations to below BAT
levels, except for total cyanide. Filtration was essential
as an adjunct to alkaline Chlorination for post-treat-
ment suspended solids removal. Activated carbon and
sodium bisulfite were efficient in removing excess
chlorine resulting from treatment by alkaline Chlorina-
tion, although carbon was more effective in removing
organic priority pollutants.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Water pollution control, Industrial
waste treatment, Pilot plants, Filtration, Activation
carbon, Chlorination, Technology, Dechlorination,
'Physical chemical treatment, Best technology,
Sodium bisulfite, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206039 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Data Analysis and Nutrient Budget Modeling,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. School of Forestry and Envi-
ronmental Studies.
Kenneth H. Reckhow. Feb 81,72p EPA-600/3-81 -011
Several quantitative methods that may be useful for
lake trophic quality management planning are dis-
cussed and illustrated. An emphasis is placed on sci-
entific methods in research, data analysis, and model-
ing. Proper use of statistical methods is also stressed,
along with considerations of uncertainty in data analy-
sis and modeling. Following an introductory discussion
of scientific methods, limnological variables important
to lake quality management are reviewed. Methods of
data acquisition, or sampling design are then present-
ed, along with techniques for analyzing, summarizing,
and presenting data (with an emphasis on robust
methods). The concept of summary statistics forms a
logical introduction to the next section on lake water
quality indices. This is followed by methods for acquir-
ing nutrient budget data which are of prime importance
to the succeeding section on lake trophic quality mod-
eling. Included in this section is a step-by-step proce-
dure for the prediction of phosphorus concentration,
and the estimation of the prediction uncertainty, from
land use information and certain lake characteristics.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water quality, Limnology, Eutro-
phication, Experimental design, Methodology, Mathe-
matical models, Statistical analysis, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206047 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Manual for Premlnlng Planning of Eastern
Surface Coal Mining - Volume 5: Mine Drainage
Management and Monitoring. Final rept. Jun 75-Jan
80,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Harold L. Lovell, Richard Parizek, Donald Forsberg,
Deborah Richardson, and Ariene Weiner. Mar 81,
168pEPA-600/7-81-022
Grant EPA-R-803882
See also Volume 2, PB81-109415.
This volume is the fifth in a series of six reports de-
signed to provide the surface coal mining industry and
its regulators with a comprehensive review of the best
available methods for extracting coal while protecting
the environment. The six-volume report examines the
surface mining of coal in the Eastern United States
and sets guidelines for developing, evaluating, and se-
lecting mining and reclamation plans that will be the
least detrimental to the environment This report is di-
vided into four major areas of concentration. The first
area provides a general overview of the problem of
mine drainage control and the nature of mine drainage
water. The second area presents a review of tech-
niques commonly used for drainage abatement ana
water quality control in surface mining. The third area
examines a number of experimental techniques cur-
rently being considered as having some potential TW
controlling mine drainage water. The fourth area re-
views the various aspects of the monitoring programs-
Keywords: 'Mining engineering, 'Surface mininfli
'Coal mining, 'Mine waters, 'Manuals, Water pollution
control, Water quality, Monitoring, Planning, C"
lines, Recommendations, 'Acid mine drainage,
acid drainage, Eastern RegionfUnited States), '
PAORD.
PB81-2060S4 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The Dilution/Flushing Technique In Lake Restora-
tion,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
E. B. Welch. Apr 81,20p EPA-600/3-81 -016
Dilution/flushing has been documented as an effectivs
restoration technique for Moses and Green Lakes in
Washington State. The dilution water added in botn
lakes was low in nitrogen and phosphorus content rel-
ative to the lake or normal input water. Consequently.
lake nutrient content dropped predictably. Dilution or
flushing rates were about ten times normal during the
spring-summer periods in Moses Lake and three times
normal on an annual basis in Green Lake. Improve-
ment in quality (nutrients, algae, and transparency)
was on the order of 50 percent in Moses Lake ana
even greater in Green Lake.
Keywords: 'Flushing, 'Dilution, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Moses Lake, *Green Lake, Nutrients, Seasonal
variations, Algae, Transparence, Washington(State).
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206229 PC A02/MF A01
Emergency Spills Research Strategy 1980-1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Dec 80, 25p EPA-600/9-80-063
This document presents the results of the planning ef-
forts of EPA's Municipal Wastewater and Spill Preven-
tion Research Committee on emergency spills re-
search and development required by the Agency. The
research strategy addresses the prevention and con-
trol of the spillage of oils and hazardous substances. It
also analyzes each of these areas and recommends
an allocation of Agency resources to perform the pro-
posed research and development.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Oil pollution, Con-
trol, Prevention, Allocations, Manuals, Scheduling,
Monitoring, Quality, Environmental impacts, 'Water
pollution, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206237 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sampling Strategies for Estimating the Magnitude
and Importance of Internal Phosphorus Supplies
In Lakes,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Lab.
Robert E. Stauffer. Apr 81,98p EPA-600/3-81 -015
The physical and chemical factors controlling sedi-
ment release and water column cycling of phosphorus
and other nutrients (internal loading) are discussed
within a 'systems' framework. Applying the systems
approach, time-dependent nutrient storage within
identified compartments, and fluxes between compart-
ments are identified and interpreted mechanistically-
The lake 'system' is partitioned into four main compart-
ments, the lake water, atmosphere, tributary land
drainage, and underlying sediments. The lake water
and adjacent sediments are further partitioned along
the vertical axis to reflect seasonal thermal stratifica-
tion, and sedimentation processes. The important
mechanistic paradigms applied to the 'system' include
transport phenomena in density stratified fluids sub-
jected to wind power, and the interacting geochemis-
tries of iron, phosphorus and sulfur in bicarbonate-buf-
fered natural waters. The purpose of the model is to
identify the chemical and morphological factors regu-
lating phosphorus recycling in lakes, and lay a mecha-
nistic foundation for a general model of the phospho-
rus 'economy' of the epilimnion.
1098 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'normal pollution, Mathematical models, Nutrients,
sediments, Thermoclines, Drainage, Systems analy-
sis, Density(Mass/volume), Fluid flow,
"ind(Meteorology), Geochemistry, Iron, Sulfur, Bicar-
oonates, Thermal stratification, Epilimnion, Eutrophi-
oation, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-206260 PC A02/MF A01
JJUyndments io the Report on Development of a
"tgnway Driving Cycle for Fuel Economy Meas-
urements. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
C. Don Paulsell. Apr 74,10p EPA-AA-ECTD-74-2
This report addresses several changes which have
peen made to the highway driving cycle described In
Jne report entitled 'Development of a Highway Driving
l-ycle for Fuel Economy Measurements', dated March
1974 (EPA-AA-ECTD-74-1). The purpose of this report
" ro explain the reasons for modifying the driving cycle
and to summarize the characteristics of the updated
tabulation of the cycle. The objective of this report is to
produce an amended speed versus time tabulation of
the highway driving cycle that is compatible with all
•*-»=- Dynamometers
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Per-
formance tests, Statistical data, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-206476 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Review of Dry FGD Systems and Eco-
nomic Evaluation of Spray Dryer FGD Systems.
nnal rept. May 79-Nov 80,
' ennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
energy Demonstrations and Technology.
i .A. Burnett, and K. D. Anderson. Feb 81,279p* EDT-
'27.EPA-600/7-81-014
The report gives results of an extensive study of dry
™» gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, involving dry
"lection of absorbents or spray drying. (The study was
undertaken because they appear to have both process
and economic advantages over wet FGD.) Design con-
cepts (e.g., type of absorbent and atomizer, approach
io flue gas saturation temperature, and paniculate col-
'"Ction method) remain to be demonstrated at full
scale. Most vendors prefer a lime slurry system with
[otary atomizers and fabric filter paniculate collection,
"fine all systems now under contract to utilities apply
>o low-sulfur coal. SO2 removal efficiencies sufficient
'or high-sulfur coal applications at stable operating
conditions and economically feasible absorbent utiliza-
tion rates have not yet been demonstrated. In concep-
fS? desi8n cost comparisons based on a new 500-MW
wlity power generation unit, a lime spray dryer/fabric
"iter combination had lower capital investments and
wnual revenue requirements for 0.7% sulfur western
«)al and both 0.7 and 3.5% sulfur eastern coal than a
wet limestone scrubbing process. With lignite fuel,
similar cost advantages were evident for dry (relative
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Bioassay, In vitro analysis,
Enzymes, TissuesfBlology), Solubility, Stability, Labo-
ratory animals, 'Neurotoxins, 'Toxic substances, Es-
terases. NTISEPAORD.
PB81-208167 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinncinnati,
OH.
Origin and Chemical Composition of Androscog-
gin Rlvsr Foam. Final rept. 4 May 78-10 Sep 80,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Bruce K. Wallin, and Brian T. Bisson. May 81,235p
EPA-600/2-81-087
Contract EPA-68-03-2605
A sampling and analysis program on the Androscoggin
River and at International Paper Company's Andros-
coggin Mill In Jay, Maine was undertaken to determine
the origin and chemical composition of Androscoggin
River foam. The report documents an extremely com-
plex chemical composition of river foam. A mass bal-
ance of downstream river foam accounts for approxi-
mately SO percent of both organic and inorganic
matter. River samples downstream of both industrial
and municipal point sources foamed, but locations up-
stream of any point sources foamed as well.
Keywords: "Foam, 'Water pollution, 'Androscoggin
River, Concentration(Composition), Paper industry,
Sampling, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Municipalities, Foaming, Tablesfpata), Cleaning,
Esters, Cost analysis, Surfactants, Fatty acids, Maine,
Chemical composition, Point sources, Jay(Maine),
Methyl esters, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-208175 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Ion Exchange Technology for Toxic
and Non-Conventional Pollutant Reduction In
Bleach Plant Effluent*. Final rept. 24 Jan-1 Oct 80,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
James H. Fitch, Jr. May 81,284p EPA-600/2-81-086
Contract EPA-68-03-2605
This research program was designed to evaluate the
applicability of ion exchange technology in reducing
trie pollutional effects of pulp, paper, and paperboard
bleach plant effluents. To gain some perspective on
the state-of-the-art concerning ion exchange, a litera-
ture review was undertaken to assess the effective-
ness of this technology in reducing toxic and non-con-
ventional pollutants. Three ion exchange design
schemes have been developed for treating bleach
plant effluents: the Dow process, the Rahm & Haas
process, and the Billerud Non-Polluting Bleach Plant
Concept. Of these systems, only the Billerud Non-Pol-
luting Bleach Plant Concept has been used on a full-
scale basis in the pulp, paper, and paperboard indus-
try. Batch and pilot plant ion exchange installations of
the Billerud Non-Polluting Bleach Plant Concept at Bil-
lerud Uddeholm AB in Skoghall, Sweden were evaluat-
ed as a portion of this project. This assessment was
undertaken to ascertain actual operation parameters
and removal efficiencies, as well as associated prob-
lems and costs. Capital, operation, and maintenance
costs were projected for a full-scale computer con-
trolled plant of the Billerud Non-Polluting Bleach Plant
Concept to serve a 110,000 ton/year bleach plant.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Bleaching, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Ion exchanging, Technology, Industrial
waste treatment, Pilot plants, Cost analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, Op-
erating costs, Best technology, State of the art,
Skoghall(Sweden), NTISEPAORD.
PB81-208183 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Virus InactlvaHon In Wastewater Effluenta by
Chlorine, Ozone, and Ultraviolet Light,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. A. Fluegge, T. G. Metcatt, and C. Wallis. May 81,
77p EPA-600/2-81-088
Grant EPA-R-804991
Prepared In cooperation with New Hampshire Univ.,
Durham. Dept. of Microbiology, and Baylor Univ.,
Houston, TX. Dept. of Microbiology.
In this investigation four wastewater treatment plants
were studied and compared in their ability to inactivate
naturally occurring enteroviruses. Of the four plants
tested, two used chlorine as the disinfectant, one used
ozone, and one used ultraviolet light. Results of field
testing are summarized as follows. Both virus liters
and Isolation rates (percentage of samples positive for
virus) were low in the undislnfected effluents. As a
result there was no consistent correlation between
virus numbers and any of the traditionally measured
bacteriological indicators. Also, no seasonal variation
in virus tilers was detected in any of the effluents.
However, a diurnal variation was observed in one of
the plants during two separate samplings. Virus liters
and isolation rates In the disinfected effluents were sig-
nificantly lower than in the undisinfected controls.
However, the numbers were too low to detect differ-
ences between plants or disinfectants. At least 10 dif-
ferent virus types were isolated in the tested effluents.
The predominant virus type was poliovirus 1. Seeding
experiments with attenuated strains of poliovirus were
performed to evaluate the recovery efficiency in each
effluent. Efficiencies were low and markedly variable.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Waste water, 'Chlorine,
'Ozone, 'Ultraviolet radiation, Effluents, Enterovir-
uses, Microorganisms, Disinfectants, Water pollution,
Sewage treatment effluents, Water pollution control,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-208191 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sources of Halogenated Hydrocarbons In an
Urban Water Supply. Final rept. 1 May 76-15 Jan 80,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ. Dept. of
Environmental Science.
J. V. Hunter, and T. Sabatino. May 81,106p EPA-600/
2-81-089
Grant EPA-R-804394
The sources of halogenated hydrocarbons in the Pas-
sale River basin have been investigated from several
viewpoints. The distribution and concentration of both
low and high boiling halogenated hydrocarbons and
halogenated pesticides were determined in the follow-
ing surveys: general stream survey; sewage treatment
plant effluent survey; industrial waste treatment plant
effluent survey; source, finished and delivered drinking
water survey. This extensive portion of the survey -
monitoring effort was performed through the grant
period. Intensive sampling programs centered around
the variation of halogenated material contained in both
raw and finished drinking water processed at the Pas-
saic Valley Treatment Plant, located in Little Falls, New
Jersey. Several intensive studies were conducted
using short and long sampling frequencies. It was ob-
served that resulting halogenated hydrocarbon con-
centrations varied to a greater extent when a smaller
sampling period was employed. Additional investiga-
tions of the trihalomethane formation potential and
rate of trihalomethane production for stream samples
were performed.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Water pol-
lution, Pesticides, Surveys, Monitoring, Potable water,
Sampling, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-208951 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Microwaves, Hyperthermla, and Human Leuko-
cyte Function,
Rochester Univ., NY. School of Medicine and Dentist-
Norben
ert J. Roberts, Jr., Shin-Tsu Lu, and Sol M.
Michaelson. May 81,34p* EPA-600/1 -81 -041
Grants EPA-R-806390, AFOSR-80-0111
The objective of this study is to determine whether ex-
posure to microwaves (2450 MHz) affects the function
of human leukocytes In the resting state and during an-
tigenlc or mltogenic challenge. This publication is a
summary report of the construction and calibration of a
waveguide exposure facility for in vitro Irradiation of
human leukocytes. Calorimetric determinations of spe-
cific absorption rates (SAR) were made using heating
curves measured with a microwave transparent Vltek
101 Electrothermia Monitor. The correlation between
SAR and forward power was highly significant
(r=0.95). At a forward power of 0.55 W the average
SAR was approximately 33 mW/ml. However, inhomo-
genelty and significant resonance absorption were
noted in the dual vial waveguide exposure facility. A
30-point measurement of SAR distribution revealed
that the SAR at any of the measured points could
range between 0.12- and 3.94-fold of the average SAR
within the given vial. Measurements indicated that this
variability in SAR values did not create significant ther-
mal gradients within the vials when external agitation
was applied.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Leuko-
cytes, 'Hyperthermia, Humans, Blood cells, Exposure,
Irradiation, In vitro analysis, Absorption, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-208977 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Sulfuric Acid Mist Exposure on Pulmo-
nary Function. Final rept. 1 Apr 77-31 Aug 80,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst. of Environmental
Stress.
Steven M. Horvath, Lawrence J. Folinsbee, and John
F. Bedi. Jun 81,92p* EPA-600/1-81-044
Grant EPA-R-804853
Effects of 2-hr exposure to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on
pulmonary functions in male nonsmokers were exam-
ined. Subjects were exposed to air and 233, 418 and
939 micrograms/cu m H2SO4 at 22C DB/55% RH or
air and 314,600 and 1107 micrograms/cu m H2S04 at
35C DB/85% RH. Mass media diameter was 0.92 mi-
crometer, a sequence of 20-mln exercise (VE of 30 1/
min) and 20-min rest was repeated three times during
each exposure. Pulmonary /unctions (forced vital ca-
pacity, lung volumes, maximum voluntary ventilation,
airway resistance, total gas volume) were measured
pre- and post-exposure. In addition, forced vital capac-
ity was determined following each exercise period. No
significant changes in pulmonary functions were ob-
served for H2SO4 exposure. An increased prevalence
of symptoms, such as cough, dry throat or throat irrita-
tion, was observed for H2SO4 exposure, suggesting
that H2SO4 may have caused some pulmonary irrita-
tion though not sufficient to induce functional changes.
It was concluded that 2-hr exposure, with intermittent
exercise, to H2SO4 in the one micrometer size range
and in concentrations up to 1100 micrograms/cu m
had relatively minor effects on the pulmonary system.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Respiratory system, Males,
Inorganic acids, Mist, Exposure, Air pollution, Signs
and symptoms, Humans, Exercise(Physiology),
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-20898S PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determinants of Cancer and Cardiovascular Dis-
ease Mortality In Asbestos Mining Counties of
California. Final rept. 12 Sep 79-12 Mar 80,
Science Applications, Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
R. A. Ziskind, D. F. Smith, J. L. Hahn, and G. Spivey. 1
May81,115p* SAI-1-068-81-514, EPA-600/1-81-042
Contract EPA-68 -02-3258
The purpose of this work was to design an epidemio-
logical study protocol to further evaluate the hypothe-
sis that asbestos related health effects have been ob-
served among populations without occupational expo-
sure. A case-control mortality protocol was developed.
The hypothesis was formalized as deaths due to respi-
ratory tract cancer, mesothelioma, and cardiovascular
disease are associated with length of residence proxi-
mal to asbestos mining activities after controlling for
the effects of cigarette smoking, occupation and ge-
netic susceptibility. Study areas selected were the two
commercial asbestos mining and milling regions of
California. Anthropogenic and natural emission
sources of asbestos were delineated. In concert with
protocol design a questionnaire for survivors was draft-
ed, ore-tested, reused and submitted. California death
certificate tapes from 1970 will be utilized to define the
study subjects and examine mortality in the prime
study areas - Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Mortality, Epidemiology, Eval-
uation, Public health, Malignant neoplasms, California,
Questionnaires, Mining, Exposure, Protocols, Cancer,
Calaveras County(Callfornia), Tuolumne
County(Callfornia), Environmental health, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Quality assurance, NTISE-
PAORD.
1100 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
£881-209017 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Bpttrflsh Sewerage Needs, Lawrence County
Near Spearfish, South Dakota. Final environmental
Impact statement,
Engineering-Science. Inc., Denver, CO.
Weston W.Wilson, and Paul Seeley. 10 OctSO, 161p
EPA-908/5-80-002B
See also PB81 -147092.
The draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
issued October 10,1980, evaluated the environmental
consequences of alternative methods of wastewater
disposal in the outlying areas of Spearfish, South
Dakota. This Is the final EIS which responds to com-
ments received on the draft and specifies EPA's deci-
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Sewage disposal, 'Water pollution, Ground water,
Surface waters, Environmental impacts,
Spearfish(South Dakota), Lawrence CountyfSouth
Dakota), Interceptor sewers, Spearfish Valley Sanita-
tion district, Higgins Gulch(South Dakota), Mountain
Plains(South Dakota), Chrlstensen Drive(South
Dakota), Belle FourchefSouth Dakota), NTISEPAEOA.
PB81-209272 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Characterization of Bollden's Sulflde - Lime Pre-
cipitation Plant. Final rept. Jan 79-Oct 80,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
neering,
Gary M. Blythe, K. Schwltzgebel, J. C. Terry, Christina
Sund-Hagelberg, and Dibakar Bhattacharyya. May 81,
78pEPA-600/2-81-081
Grant EPA-R-807760
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin,
TX., and Boliden Metall Aktiebolag, Skelleftehamn
(Sweden).
This report provides information on the soluble sulfide
Precipitation process (Na2S) used at a copper/lead
smelter for treatment of wastewater. The study pre-
sents the results of a sampling study which aimed to
define the process kinetics of a full scale plant. The
generation of H2S gas, metals removal, and sludge
handling are discussed. Excellent removal of most
metals, Including arsenic was shown. Process control
Problems presented 99% + removal of all metals how-
ever.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, 'Sulfide, "Calcium
oxides, Precipitation(Chemistry), Sludge disposal,
Tests, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Sam-
pling, 'Foreign technology, 'Lead smelters, 'Copper
smelters, 'Sulfide lime treatment process, Heavy
metals, Boliden metall aktiebolag, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209371 PC A03/MF A01
Uaefa Manual for Mixing Height Computer Pro-
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Dlv.
Robert F. Kelly. May 81,30p EPA-450/4-81 -022
See also report dated Oct 80, PB81 -118739.
A Fortran-language computer program has been de-
veloped to estimate mixing height values for use in the
empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach/Ozone Isopleth
Plotting Package (EKMA/OZIPP). This program uses
temperature, pressure and height values measured at
a surface site, and from atmospheric vertical profiles
(e.g., radiosondes). The manual contains instructions
on how to use the program, including a description of
the data needed, how to format the data, and an expla-
nation of the output from the program. Examples of
Input and output are also included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Computer programming,
Manuals, Fortran, Ozone, Urban areas, Nomographs,
Temperature, Pressure, 'Empirical Kinetic Modeling
Approach, 'Ozone isopleth plotting package, 'Air
quality, 'Mixing heights, NTISEPAAQP.
£681-209561 PC A06/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Evaluation of Remote 8»n»lng Data tor Input Into
Hydrologies! Simulation Program-FORTRAN
«*••=• ^nal rept. Mar 79-Jun 80,
p, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
D. D. Franz, and S. M. Lieu. Jun 81,107p EPA-600/3-
81-037
Contract EPA-68-01-5801
This report describes an evaluation of the feasibility of
using a remotely sensed data base as Input into the
Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF). Re-
motely sensed data from the satellite LANDSAT and
conventionally obtained data were used to set up the
input parameters of HSPF. Simulations were run to
compare the two sets of data. The remotely sensed
data set performed as least as well as the convention-
al one when compared with observed data. In addition,
it was estimated to offer savings of 30 to 50 percent In
the cost of set up and operations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hydrology, Remote
sensing, Feasibility, Scientific satellites, Fortran, Com-
parison, Surveys, Mathematical models, Savings,
Computer programming, Land use, Occoquan water-
shed, Cost effectiveness, Sediments, Bed load, Vege-
tation, Physical properties, Landsat satellites, Data
base, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209579 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Investigation of Enzymatic Screening Taata for
Mutagens In Environmental Pollutants from Syn-
fuel Operations,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
J. J. Schmidt-Collerus, N. L Couse, J. King, and L.
Leffler. May 81,90p* EPA-600/4-81-038,, ERL.GB-
150
Contract EPA-R-805671
The objective of this research program was to develop
an enzymatic screen for chemical carcinogens based
on the selective In vitro stimulation of microspmal bi-
phenyl-2-hydroxylase by known chemical carcinogens.
An attempt was made to repeat published work using a
spectrophotofluorometric assay for biphenyl metaboll-
ties. It was found that this assay system is not valid for
use with complex mixtures, and that metabolites must
be separated from interfering compounds prior to
quantitation. A high pressure liquid chromatography
method was developed which permitted rapid separa-
tion of metabolites. Nanogram quantities of metabo-
lites were detectable using this chromatographic sepa-
ration in conjunction with a spectrophotofluorometric
detector. Using this method, it was not possible to
demonstrate in vitro stimulation of biphenyl-2-hydroxy-
lase by chemical carcinogens. Alternative assays were
also examined. Terphenyl is metabolized to at least
three different compounds by hamster microsomes.
Further work is necessary to validate the utility of this
substrate in an enzymatic screen for carcinogens. A
marine protozoan, Parauronema acutum metabolizes
biphenyl in vivo to 2- and 4-hydroxyblphenyl. This orga-
nism may provide a reliable, inexpensive source of oi-
phenyl hydroxylase for an in vitro enzymatic assay
system.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Carcinogens, 'Screening, In
vitro analysis, Enzymes, Biphenyl, Liquid chromatogra-
phy, Terphenyls, Protozoa, Water pollution, Marine bi-
ology, Estuaries, 'Synthetic fuels, Metabolites, Paraur-
onema acutum, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Ecosystems, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209587 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of a System to Protect Groundwater
Threatened by Hazardous Spill* on Land. Final
rept,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
K. R. Huibregtse, and K. H. Kastman. May 81,143p'
EPA-600/2-81-085
Contract EPA-68-03-2508
Prepared in cooperation with Soil Testing Services,
lnc.,Northbrook,IL.
The purpose of this project was to establish an alterna-
tive approach to treatment of hazardous materials
spills on land other than the frequently limited ap-
proach of excavation or flushing of the area with water.
Direct grout injections enveloped spills to isolate them
from groundwater and a mobile in-situ containment/
treatment unit was constructed and mechanically
tested. Grouting procedures were most applicable in
gravel, sand and some sllty soils. Treatability agents
added to four soils during flow-through tests showed
99 percent detoxification.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Hazardous materials, 'Ground
water, 'Water supply, Land use, Protection, Grout,
Containment, Construction, Mobile equipment, Waste
treatment, Gravel, Sands, Silts, Detoxification, Soils,
Water pollution control, Spills, Land, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209595 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Microcosms aa Teat Systems for the Ecological
Effects of Toxic Substances: An Appralaal with
Cadmium. Final rept. May 78-Sep 80,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Inst. of Ecology.
Paul f. Hendrix, Christine L. Langner, Eugene P.
Odum, and Carolyn L. Thomas. Jun 81,186p* EPA-
800/3-81-038
Grant EPA-R-805860
A two-phase set of experiments was conducted to ad-
dress some of the problems inherent in ecological
screening of toxic substances in aquatic microcosms.
Phase I was a 4 x 4 factorial experiment (four levels of
cadmium versus four levels of nutrient enrichment) on
the interactive effects of cadmium and nutrients using
static microcosms. Phase (I was a 2 x 4 factorial exper-
iment (continuous and pulsed cadmium Inputs versus
phosphorus limited and non-limited Inputs) using
flowthrough microcosms to study temporal aspects of
system behavior in response to nutrient limitation and
chronic versus acute cadmium perturbations. General-
ly, as cadmium concentration increased, parameters
changed to indicate more system stress, except that
high nutrient levels reduced somewhat the stress
effect of cadmium. Of the variables measured, com-
munity metabolism, community composition by trophic
groups, and output/input ratios for NO3-N, MN and Fe
provided the best indicators of system response to
cadmium. Nutrient enrichment and phosphorus limita-
tion significantly influenced cadmium effects on most
of the variables studied. Pulsed cadmium early in suc-
cession significantly affected system response to cad-
mium pulses later in succession. A bibliography of mi-
crocosm literature is included.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Water pollution,
Aquatic microbiology, Screening, Microorganisms, Nu-
trients, Metals, 'Toxic substances, Bioindicators,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Ecosystems, 'Mi-
crocosms, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209686 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Improved Scoring of Chemical Transformation of
C3H/10T1/2 Cells. Final rept.,
University of Southern California Cancer Center, Los
Angeles.
Charles Heidelberger. Jun 81,46p* EPA-600/1-81-
046
Grant EPA-R-80-5208
This research program was undertaken to improve the
scoring of the transformation by chemical carcinogens
of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo flbroblasts. (1) A prob-
abilistic view of transformed focus formation in these
cells Induced by methylcholanthrene (MCA) treatment
has been formulated and validated. (2) 5-Azacytldine
induces differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells into both
muscle cells and adlpocytes. Although phorbol-ester
related tumor promoters inhibit muscle cell formation,
this Is not affected by inhibitors of tumor promotion;
moreover, other classes of tumor promoters do not in-
hibit this differentiation. (3) The powerful tumor pro-
moter, 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA),
produces temporary and reversible rounding up of the
cells and loosened adhesion to the substratum. (4) A
quantitative study of the 'natural history' of clones de-
rived from various morphological types of transformed
foci was carried out. (5) The cell-surface morphology
was studied in the scanning electron microscope
(SEM). (6) Preliminary experiments revealed that mon-
oclonal antibodies common to transformed clones,
which are probably against oncofetat antigens, can be
prepared, and should be useful for scoring transforma-
tion. (7) Mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by
BCG treatment selectively kill chemically transformed,
but not nontransformed C3H/10T1 /2 cells.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, Transformation, Mice, Em-
bryos, Molecular biology, 'Rbroblasts, 'Cell cultures,
Carcinogenesis, Cholanthrene/methyl, Azacvtidines,
Acetic acid/tetradecanyl-phorbol, NTISEPAORD.
December 1983 1101
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-209694 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Methods for the Recovery of Organic Carcino-
gens from Water. Final rept. 1 Nov 77-31 Oct 78,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
Kenneth Ehrlich, George Cawley, and Elias Klein. May
81,41p* EPA-600/4-81-039,, ERLGB-148
Grant EPA-R-805656
The organic carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene, dleldrin, and
N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene were recovered on XAD-2
macroretlcular resin in yields of 90 percent or more
from distilled water or seawater and in yields of 40 per-
cent or more from Lake Pontchartrain water containing
a high concentration of organic material. The original
solutions contained less than 500 parts per trillion of
carcinogen. These results show that XAD-2 provides
an efficient means for recovering nonpolar organic car-
cinogens from dilute solutions. More polar carcinogens
such as dimethylniirosamine were not effectively re-
covered on XAD-2 columns. Since XAD-2 binding
would not be selective for carcinogens, the authors in-
vestigated methods which might bind carcinogens se-
lectively from a mixture of organic compounds. We
tested the ability of the above carcinogens to bind to
nucleic acid using direct binding, equilibrium dialysis,
nuclei binding, and binding to DNA-cellulose. Radio-la-
beled carcinogens were used to quantify the amount
bound. Either rat liver nuclei (0.1 mg DNA) or DNA-cel-
lulose (1 mg DNA) bound 18 percent of the acetylamin-
ofluorene and up to 66 percent of the dieldrin from so-
lutions containing 150 to 280 nmoles of compound. Up
to 30 percent of the benzo(a)pyrene from solutions
containing as much as 320 pmoles was bound. Ten-
fold or lower recoveries were found when direct-bind-
ing or equilibrium-binding methods were used.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Organic compounds,
'Estuaries, Dieldrin, Carcinogens, Laboratory animals,
Nitrogen organic compounds, Industrial wastes, Sepa-
ration, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Isotopic labeling,
'XAD-2 resins, Benzopyrenes, Fluorene/N-acetyl-
amino, Oil spills, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-209900 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Menomonee River Pilot Watershed Study. Volume
I. Summary and Recommendations. Final rept. May
74-Dec 79,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
Gordon Cheaters, John G. Konrad, and G. V.
Simsiman. Dec 79,91 p EPA-905/4-79-020-A
Grant EPA-R-005142
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, and Southeastern Wisconsin
Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha.
This project was In support of the U.S./Canada Great
Lakes water quality agreement. The objectives are de-
scribed under the reference-Pollution from Land Use
Activities Reference Group (PLUARG). This work was
done under Task C of the work plan. Several special
study areas within the Menomonee River Watershed
were sampled, analyzed, and evaluated. The water
quality was measured, both surface and groundwater.
Air deposition was measured to see how the quality of
atmospheric inputs effected the water quality of the
surface runoff.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution,
'Menomonee River, Great Lakes, Sediments, Metals,
Runoff, Ground water, Rainfall, Remote sensing, Lake
Michigan, Mathematical models, Soils, Nitrogen, Trace
elements, Lead(Metal), Atmospheric disturbances,
Chemical analysis. Recommendations, Biphenyl/
chloro, Potychlorinated blphenyls, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-209918 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
The IJC Menomonee River Watershed Study: DIs-
psrslblllty of Soils and Elemental Composition of
Soils, Sediments, and Dust and Dirt from the Men-
omonee River Watershed. Volume 6. Final rept.
1974-78,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
A. Dong, G. Chesters, and G. V. Simsiman. Dec 79,
64p EPA-905/4-79-029F
Grant EPA-R-005142
See also Volume 2, PB81 -203028. Prepared in coop-
eration with Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Waukesha.
This project was in support of the U.S./Canada Great
Lakes Water Quality Agreement to direct the Interna-
tional Joint Commission to conduct studies of the
impact of land use activities on the water quality of the
Great Lakes Basin and to recommend remedial meas-
ures for maintaining or improving Great Lakes water
quality.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Soils, 'Water pollution,
'Menomonee River, Land use, Great Lakes, Recom-
mendations, Solids, Sources, Dispersing, Clay soils,
Particle size, Soil erosion, Measurement, Ultrasonic ra-
diation. Acoustic detection,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Wisconsin,
Urban areas, NTISEPAELA.
PB81-210080 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Potency Ranking of Chemicals Based on En-
hancement of Viral Transformation. Rept. for Jun-
Aug 80,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Bruce C. Casto. Jun 81,41 p EPA-600/1 -81 -045
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Treating primary hamster embryo cells with various
classes of chemical carcinogens and mutagens leads
to enhancement of transformation by simian adeno-
virus SA7. It appears that carcinogenic chemicals
render the individual cells more sensitive to viral trans-
formation, thus increasing the total number of cells in-
tegrating SA7 DNA. Enhancement of viral transforma-
tion appears to be a sensitive indicator for chemical
agents with the potential to damage cell DNA by either
direct or indirect means and thus may be useful as a
screening tool to detect these chemicals in the envi-
ronment. This report summarizes and compares the
results for 134 chemicals (both carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic) assayed for enhancement of SA7 trans-
formation, chemical transformation, and induction of
DNA strand breaks and DNA repair synthesis. In addi-
tion, these chemicals are ranked by lowest effective
concentration in the assay for enhancement of viral
transformation.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Mutagens, 'Viruses,
'Adenoviruses, 'Transformations, Cells(Biology), Em-
bryos, Hamsters, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
ConcentrationfComposltion), Synthesis(Chemlstry),
Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, Simian adenoviruses,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-210106 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Level 1 Environmental Assessment of Electric
Submerge-ARC Furnaces Producing Ferroalloys.
Final rept. Jun 78-Dec 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. Westbrook, and D. P. Daugherty. Mar 81,332p
EPA-600/2-81-038
Contract EPA-68-02-2630
The report gives results of an EPA/IERL-RTP Level 1
multimedia environmental assessment of the ferroal-
loy industry. It contains general industry statistics and
results of sampling and analysis at three plants (six fur-
naces total). It indicates that the potential for serious
environmental problems exists in some segments of
the Industry, but It does not prove that the pollution
problems are occurring. Specifically, the pollution po-
tential for covered (mix-sealed and sealed) furnaces is
substantially higher than for open furnaces, primarily
due to the high concentration of organics in gases gen-
erated by the former. Covered furnaces generate poly-
cyclic organic material (POM) at the rate of about
1,230-11,080 kg/yr per MW of furnace capacity (or
208,800-1,878,800 kg/yr for all U.S. covered fur-
naces). Open furnaces generate POM at about 100-
900 kg/yr per MW furnace capacity (or 134,500-
1,210,500 kg/yr for all U.S. open furnaces). No growth
is expected in the use of covered furnaces, comprising
only 14% of the industry's production capacity. The
estimated nationwide POM generation rates (before
emission control devices) are in the same order of
magnitude as those of slot-type coke ovens, which
EPA considers to be major emitters; however, the con-
trol devices used on all U.S. ferroalloy furnaces
remove most of this material from the gas stream.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Arc furnaces, *Alr
pollution control, 'Ferroalloys, Assessments, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Particles, Solid waste disposal, Water pollu-
tion, Organic compounds, Scrubbers, Forecasting,
Sampling, Smelting, Manufacturing, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, 'Environmental impact as-
sessments, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-210171 PC A04/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1979. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
1980,60p
The Clean Air Act as amended Section 313 of the
Clean Air Act requires the EPA Administrator to report
yearly on meaures taken toward Implementing the pur-
pose and intent of the Act. This report covers the
period January 1 to December 31,1979, and describes
the Issues involved in the prevention and control of air
pollution and the major elements of progress toward
that goal that have been made since the last report. In
addition, this report also includes three other EPA re-
ports to Congress required under the Clean Air Act as
amended: (1) Section 202 report on measures taken In
relation to motor vehicle emission control (Chapter VI);
(2) Section 306 (e) report on Federal procurement and
violating Facilities (in Chapter VII); and (3) Section 127
(b) report on major emitting facilities (in Chapter IV).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Regulations, Ex-
haust emissions, Standards, Law enforcement. Na-
tional government, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, *Alr pollution abatement, 'Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1979, 'Air quality, Stationary sources,
NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-210189 PC A04/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1978. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
1980,65p
See also report for 1979, PB81 -210171.
Section 313 of the Clean Air Act requires the EPA ad-
ministrator to report yearly on measures taken toward
implementing the purpose and intent of the Act This
report covers the period January 1 to December 31,
1978, and describes the Issues involved in the preven-
tion and control of air pollution and the major elements
of progress toward that goal that have been made
since the last report. In addition, this report also in-
cludes several other reports to Congress required
under the Clean Air Act as amended: (1) Section 202
report on measures taken in relation to motor vehicle
emission control (Chapter VI); and (2) Section 306 (e)
report on Federal procurement and violating facilities
(in Chapter IV).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Regulations, Ex-
haust emissions, Standards, Law enforcement, Na-
tional government, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Clean Air Act
Amendments of1978, 'Air quality, Stationary sources,
NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-210197 PC A06/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution fn 1977. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
1980,117p
See also report for 1978, PB81 -210189.
Section 313 of the Clean Air Act requires the Adminis-
trator of EPA to report yearly on measures taken
toward implementing the purpose and intent of the Act.
This report covers the period January 1 to December
31,1977, and describes the issues involved in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution and the major ele-
ments of progress toward that goal that have been
made since the last report. In addition, this report also
includes two other EPA reports to Congress required
under the Clean Air Act as amended: (1) Section 202
report on measures taken in relation to motor vehicle
emission control (Chapter VII); and (2) Section 306 (e)
report on Federal procurement and violating facilities
0n Chapter IX).
Keywords: *Alr pollution control, 'Regulations, Ex-
haust emissions, Standards, National goverment, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Law enforce-
1102 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
went, *Alr pollution abatement, *Clean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1977, *Alr quality, Stationary sources, NTI-
PB81-210205 PC A08/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1976. Annual rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
1980,158p
See also report for 1977, PB81-210197.
Section 313 of the Clean Air Act requires the Adminis-
trator of EPA to report yearly on measures taken
toward implementing the purpose and Intent of the Act.
This report covers the period January 1 to December
31, 1976, and describes the issues involved in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution and the major ele-
ments of progress toward that goal that have been
made by EPA since the last report. In addition, for the
first time, two other EPA reports to Congress required
by the Clean Air Act as amended have been Included:
(1) Section 202 report on measures taken In relation to
motor vehicle emission control (Chapter VII); and (2)
^fiction 306 (e) report on Federal procurement and
violating facilities (in Chapter IX).
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Regulations, Ex-
faust emissions, Standards, National government,
Law enforcement, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts. *Air pollution abatement, 'Clean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1976, *Air quality, State Implementation
Plans, Stationary sources, NTISEPAAQP.
PB81-210270 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
font-Duty Vehicle Drlveablllty Procedure Investi-
gation. Final rept.,
Amoco Oil Co., Naperville, IL Research and Develop-
ment Dept.
W. C. Williams. Apr 81 . 84p EPA-460/3-81 -009
Contract EPA-68-03-2875
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The EPA's interest in driveability stems from evidence
the range of 50% to 90% of the total uncertainty that
can be caused by ignorance of the tides. It is also
shown that the uncertainty In trajectory position is
strongly affected by our inability to predict the baro-
clinic motions in the region. Over small times, less than
10 hours, the dispersion is mainly tidal, and the tidal
current subprogram contributes Importantly to the pre-
diction of position.
Keywords: *Ocean currents, *Air water interactions,
•Oil pollution, 'Juan de Fuca Strait,
Wind(Meteorology), Mathematical models, Ocean
tides, Trajectories, Dispersing, Motion, Stratification,
Density(Mass/volume] pressure, Sea water. Compari-
son, Maps, 'Oil spills, MESA project, Baroclinic waves,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-211450 PC AOS/MF A01
Comparison of Grab Closed-Loop-StrlppIng Anal-
ysis (CLSA) to Other Trace Organic Methods.
Rept. for 1 Jan-1 Feb 80,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. G. Melton, W. E. Coleman. R. W. Slater, F. C.
Kopfler, and W. K. Allen. Feb 81,100p EPA-600/D-81 -
060
Presented at the Chemical Congress of the North
American Continent (2nd), August 25, 1980, Las
Vegas, NV. Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Co-
lumbus Labs., OH.
This paper presents a comparison of experimental re-
sults from the analysis of drinking water before and
after water treatment using 1 million gallon per day
(mgpd) granular activated carbon (GAC) contactors at
the Cin Jnnati Water Works. The following methods of
organic analysis were used: (1) Grob closed-loop strip-
ping analysis (CLSA) using capillary GC/MS/DS, (2)
Bellar purge and trap (P&T) using packed column GC/
Hall/DS, le, EPA Method 601, (3) Batch Liquid - Liquid
Extraction (BLLE) using capillary GC/MS/DS, and (4)
XAD-2 adsorption - ethyl ether elution (XAD-EEE) cap-
illary GC/MS/DS. At least twice as many 'consent
decree' organics (23) and the 'EPA Office of Drinking
Water chemical indicators of industrial contamination1
(18) were measured by Grob CLSA than by Bellar P&T,
BLLE, and XAD-EEE analyses. Furthermore, Grob
CLSA produced this superior analysis at a low cost-
per-compound-analyzed figure. Of the 183 different or-
ganics which were measured by the four methods, six
organics were detected by Bellar P&T, 107 by Grob
CLSA, 90 by BLLE. and 58 by XAD-EEE analysis. A
historical review of Grob CLSA Is presented, as well as
a brief review of current U.S. P&T methods. The design
of a superior analytical scheme for the comprehensive
analysis of purgeable organics in drinking water is indi-
cated by the data. The combined use of Bellar P&T
(EPA Methods 601 or 502). Grob CLSA, and BLLE
analyses provides useful data on the level of many
EPA regulated organics in drinking water.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Water analysis, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Comparison, Potable water, Chemi-
cal analysis, Trace elements, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Adsorption, Trace elements,
'Grab closed-loop stripping analysis, EPA method
601, Bellar purge and trap analysis, XAD-2 resin, NTI-
SEPAORD.
PB81-2116W PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Elevated Water Temperature on Insect
Emergence In Outdoor Experimental Channels.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
Kathleen J. Nordfie, and John W. Arthur. 1981,13p
EPA-600/J-81-210
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 25, p53-65
1981.
Emergence of adult aquatic Insects was evaluated
weekly with plexiglass traps positioned in two outdoor
experimental channels from April through August
1977. One channel was seasonal Mississippi River
water temperature and the other maintained at 10C
above. Maximum water temperatures reached 31.0C
in the ambient and 40.8C In the heated channel. Chir-
onomlds comprised 84% of the insects collected in
both channels. The temperature In the heated channel
(1OC above ambient) advanced the emergence of two
Chironominae. one Orthocladiinae, one Ceratopogonl-
dae and one Zygopteran species by one to four weeks.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Insects, 'Mississippi
River, Entomology, Thermal gradients, Dlptera,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Temperature, Ecology,
Channels(Waterways), Field tests, Reprints, Chirono-
midae, Water pollution effects(Animal0), Emergence,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212011 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Technical Evaluation of Transportation Control
Measures for the St. Louis Area. Final rept.,
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, DC.
Oliver Schueftan. Apr 81,120p 289-51323-36, EPA/
907/9-81/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3506
The report presents engineering warrants, or guide-
lines, to enable the East-West Gateway Coordinating
Council to translate sketch planning level transporta-
tion control measures to specific projects in the St.
Louis area. Warrants are documented for exclusive
bus lanes on existing facilities, reversible traffic lanes,
signal synchronization/modification, intersection and
interchange improvements, road and bridge widening
and railroad grade separation. They can be used to
assist in identifying promising sites for Implementing
transportation control measures. In addition, analytical
procedures for estimating the reduction in air pollution
emissions for various transportation control measures
are described. Specific procedures covered corre-
spond to the following transportation control meas-
ures: signal synchronization, railroad grade separa-
tions, widen roads or bridges, add lanes, major new fa-
cilities, intersection and jnterchange improvements
and simple signal turning changes.
Keywords: 'Transportation, 'Air pollution, Abatement,
Project planning, Engineering costs, Traffic signals,
Intersections, Facilities, Missouri, Saint
Louis(Missouri), NTISEPAENA.
PB81-212037 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Industrial Process Fugitive Emissions Inventory
for the Region V Great Lakes Shoreline. Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Elmhurst, IL.
Charles Mackus, and Eddy Un. 1980,261 p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4140
This report was the result of a limited-scope prelimi-
nary study of participate fugitive emissions from major
industrial sources located within the six states of U.S.
EPA Region V. This study revealed that approximately
229,000 to 531,000 tons of fugitive particulates were
deposited Into the Great Lakes during 1978. Large in-
dustrial cities such as Chicago, Gary, Cleveland,
Toledo, Detroit, and Milwaukee were found to have the
largest concentration of major fugitive emission
sources. Iron and steel industries were found to be the
largest fugitive emission sources bordering the lakes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Water pollution, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Iron and steel
industry, Great Lakes, Forecasting, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, * Emission Inventories, Water quality, Air-water
interfaces, EPA region 5.
PB81-212110 PC A02/MF A01
Compere Nitrate Removal Methods: For Some
Communities, Ion Exchange May Be the Most Ec-
onomical, Practical Way of Handling Nitrate-Con-
taminated Qroundwater. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
OH.
Thomas J. Sorg. Dec 80,5p EPA-600/J-80-279
Pub. in Water and Wastes Engineering, vl7 n12 p26-
31 Dec 80.
Nitrate is a ground water contaminant that results from
fertilizers and septic tank wastes. Many treatment
methods have been Investigated for nitrate removal
but only ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electro-
dialysis are considered to be practical. Of these three
methods, ion exchange is the most economical and
thereby will be the method selected by most communi-
ties. The most important aspect of Ion exchange treat-
ment Is the level of sulfate In the source water because
ion exchange resins are more selective for sulfate re-
moval than nitrate removal. Cost comparison of nitrate
removal methods are presented and compared with
other treatment techniques such as lime softening, Ion
exchange softening, and activated alumina treatment
for fluoride removal
December 1983 1103
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Inorganic nitrates, "Water treatment,
Ground water, Fertilizers, Sewage, Ion exchanging,
Electrodialysis, Cost analysis, Sulfates, Fluorides, Alu-
minum oxide, Potable water, Reprints, Reverse osmo-
sis, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212128 PC A02/MF A01
Induction of Skin Paplllomas In the Sencar Mouse
as a Tier 2 Carclnogenesls Bfoassay. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, M. Robinson, J. Glass, 0. Cmehil, and J.
Orthoefer. 1981,6p EPA-600/J-81-189
Pub. in lexicologist, v1 n1 p129-130 1981.
The Toxic Substances Control Act mandates the test-
ing of industrial chemicals for which insufficient evi-
dence of safety exists. One of the more critical areas In
chemical carcinogenesis testing is a dependable ap-
proach to confirmatory tests (tier 2) of identified posi-
tives at a screening level (tier 1). The present work was
undertaken as part of a systematic evaluation of a
series of short-term in vitro and in vivo tests which pos-
sess properties thought desirable for tier 2 testing. Ex-
periments were designed to determine whether the
mouse skin responds to initiating doses of carcinogens
selected from the major carcinogen classes adminis-
tered by four routes, oral, IP, Sub Q and topical. Experi-
ments to date include testing of diethylnitrosamlne,
urethane, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, DMBA, aflatoxin
B1, methylmethane sulfonate, azobenzene, FANFT
and lead acetate. Two weSks following application of
the initiating doses of each carcinogen a 20 week pro-
motion schedule involving the application of lug of 12-
0-tetradecanoyl phorbo|-13-acetate (TPA) was initiat-
ed. On the basis of preliminary data it is apparent that
papilloma development in response to chemical car-
cinogens varies with route of exposure. For example, it
is apparent that the response to urethane adminis-
tered orally exceeds that observed by the topical route
by 3-fold. Conversely, the response of the mouse skin
to benzo(a)pyrene is more than 10-fold by the topical
vs. systemic routes of exposure. Route specific re-
sponses to DMBA, benzene, diethylnitrosamine and
aflatoxin B1 are also apparent.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, In
vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Mice, Skin(Anatomy),
Pathology, Reprints, 'Carcinogenesis, Papillomas,
•Toxic substances, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212136 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Causes of Death among Anesthesiologists: 1930-
1946. Journal article,
Northwestern Univ.-McGaw Medical Center, Chicago,
Harry W. Linde, Paul S. Mesnick, and Norbert J. Smith.
1981, 9p EPA-600/J-81 -143
Grant EPA-R-805473-01
Pub. in Anesthesia and Analgesia, v60 n1 p1 -7 Jan 81.
The causes of death among anesthesiologists from
1930 through 1946 were determined and compared to
the causes of death for contemporaneous physicians
as well as anesthesiologists in later eras. Names of US
white male anesthesiologists listed in the annual Direc-
tories of Anesthetists compiled by the International An-
esthesia Research Society were searched for in the
death files of the American Medical Association.
Among those listed in the Directories 274 deaths were
located. Causes were ascertained for 269 deaths and
259 causes were verified from death certificates. The
leading causes of death of anesthesiologists and other
physicians of the same era were cardiovascularrenal
diseases and malignant neoplasms. The death rate
from all causes was lower among anesthesiologists
than among contemporaneous white men and other
physicians. Death rates among anesthesiologists from
1930-1946 were similar to those among anesthesiol-
ogists in 1947-1956, but greater than those for 1957-
1971. Among deaths from malignant neoplasms,
those of the digestive organs were the most frequent
and those of the respiratory tract the least. Anesthesi-
ologists practicing in the earlier part of this century had
lower death rates and they were less likely to die of
malignant neoplasms than contemporaneous white
men. The death rates for these anesthesiologists were
similar to those for anesthesiologists during 1947-
1956, but greater than rates observed for anesthesiol-
ogists during 1957-1971. This suggests that exposure
to the fluorinated anesthetic agents introduced in the
mid-1950s may not be an important health hazard.
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Death, 'Physicians, Medical
personnel, Malignant neoplasms, Cardiovascular dis-
eases, Heart diseases, Reprints, 'Anesthesiologists,
Cancer, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212144 PC A02/MF A01
Binding of Chemical Carcinogens and Mutagens
to Rat Hemoglobin. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, and Una W. Chang. 7 Aug 80,8p EPA-
600/J-81-148
Pub. in Chem.-Biol. Interactions 33, p301-3051981.
The alkylation of hemoglobin is a proposed dose moni-
tor for chemical carcinogens and mutagens. The bind-
ing of fifteen chemical carcinogens and mutagens to
rat hemoglobin was determined. Direct acting carcino-
gens and indirect acting carcinogens including aromat-
ic amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrosamines,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxin B1 and
benzene bound hemoglobin. The efficiency of carcino-
gen and mutagen hemoglobin was dose dependent
and ranged from 0.007 to 2.3% of an oral dose. The
binding of chemical carcinogens and mutagens to he-
moglobin would appear to be generic so that it could
be developed into a dose monitor for a large number of
known carcinogens and mutagens.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Mutagens, 'Binding, 'He-
moglobins, Rats, Blood proteins, Reprints, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-212151 PC A02/MF A01
R-Plasmld Transfer to and from 'Escherlchla coll'
Strains Isolated from Human Fecal Samples. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
T. L. Corliss, P. S. Cohen, and V. J. Cabelli. 29 Jan 81,
10pEPA-600/J-81-226
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v41
n4 p959-966 Apr 81. Prepared in cooperation with
Rhode Island Univ., Kinston.
Strains of Escherichia coli recently isolated from
human feces were examined for the frequency with
which they accept and R factor (Ri) from a dere-
pressed fi+ strain of E. coli K-12 and transfer it to
fecal and laboratory strains. Colicins produced by
some of the isolates rapidly killed the other half of the
mating pair; therefore, conjugation was conducted by a
membrane filtration procedure whereby this effect was
minimized. The majority of fecal E. coli isolates accept-
ed the R factor at lower frequencies than K-12 F-, vary-
ing from 10-2 per donor cell to undetectable levels.
The frequencies with which certain fecal recipients re-
ceived the R-plasmid were increased when its R +
transconjugant was either cured of the R1 plasmid and
remated with the fi+ strain or backcrossed into the pa-
rental strain. The former suggests the loss of an In-
compatibility plasmid, and me latter suggests the
modification of the R1 -plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). In general, the fecal R+ E. coli transconju-
gants were less effective donors for K-12 F- and heter-
ologous fecal strains than was the fi+ K-12 strain,
whereas the single strain of Citrobacter freundii exam-
ined was generally more competent. Passage of the
R1 -plasmid to strains of salmonellae reached mating
frequencies of 10-1 per donor cell when the recipient
was a Salmonella typhi previously cured of its resident
R-plasmid. However, two recently isolated strains of
Salmonella accepted the R1-plasmid from E. coli K-12
R+ or the R+ E. coli transconjugants at frequencies
of 5x10-7 or less.
Keywords: 'Escherichia coli, 'Bacteria, 'Transferring,
Humans, Feces, Reprints, 'Plasmids, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212169 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Asbestos-Cement Pipe. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
James R. Millette. Apr 81, 3p EPA-600/J-81 -230
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v23 n4 p226 Apr
81.
Concerning the use of asbestos-cement (A/C) pipe for
the distribution of drinking water, the status of the in-
gested asbestos health research underway in the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency is briefly described.
At the present time there are no U.S. standards for as-
bestos in drinking water. The Agency has initiated reg-
ulatory proceedings to control A/C pipe as a result of a
citizen's petition granted by the Administrator on Oct.
18,1979. This means the Agency included A/C pipe in
Its overall assessment of asbestos as a toxic material.
The primary reason for concern about drinking *»'"
containing asbestos fibers is the association Dawee"
occupational asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal
iu aiiuuiiit* aaueaiust 11 nua ueaii uiweuiy UOMIW««"- — j
that a high percentage of inhaled fibers deposited in
the lung are cleared and swallowed. So, they are also
exposed to ingested fibers. There have been a f""™r'
of recent studies which have shown that asbesio*
fibers can penetrate the digestive tract and even are
excreted through the urine. Available studies and on-
going research are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Toxicology, 'Potable wataf,
Ingestion(Biology), PipesfTubes), Cement, Repnnw.
•Toxic substances, 'Drinking water, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212177 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emission Patterns from Two Light-Duty
Diesel Automobiles. Journal article, . -A
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Peter A. Gabele, Frank M. Black, Foy G. King, Jr., Roy
B. Zweidlnger, and Rex A. Brittain. 1981,17p EPA-
eOO/J-BI-fSS , .
Pub. in Society of Automotive Engineers Technical
Paper Series No. 810081,16p1981.
Particulate and gaseous emissions from two USh^H^
dlesel automobiles were examined over six operating
cycles. Particulate characterizations included maw
emission rate, soluble organic content, and trace «»•
ment content determinations. The particulate matter
was sampled using both a total filtration system having
20 x 20 inch filters and a conventional probe arrangjj-
ment employing 47 mm filters. Bioassay of s6'66!?;
diesel particulate extract was carried out using tj16
Ames test procedure. Gaseous characterization in-
eluded real-time analysis of regulated exhaust emis-
sions. A special operating schedule was developed for
termine the effect of acceleration rate on regule
gaseous emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust
emissions, Performance evaluation, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Reprints, 'Light duty vehicles, Volkswagen auto-
mobiles, Oldsmobifo automobiles, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212185 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Water Pollutants and Other Chemical*
Upon the Activity of LJpase 'In vitro'. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. M. Christensen, and B. Riedel. 1981, 9p EPA-600/
J-81-209
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 10, p357-3631981.
Lipase preparations were treated in vitro with 100
chemicals of various classes, many of which are envi-
ronmental pollutants, to determine their effect upon
enzyme activity. The greatest inhibition was caused by
mercuric ion and certain heavy metal cations; almost
as inhibiting were pentachlorophenol, dicofol, 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol, and DDT. Less inhibition was found
with other inorganic salts, organo-metals, other organ-
ic chemicals, and some pesticides. Apart from dicnro-
mate ion, the anlons studied had a low to negligible
effect on lipase. A mixture of 10 inorganic salts had an
approximately cumulative inhibition effect on enzyme
activity. None of the chemicals studied caused a
measurable activation of the enzyme.
Keywords: 'Lipase, 'Toxicology, Enzymes, In vitro
analysis, Water pollution, Activity, Inhibition, DDT, Pes-
ticides, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects, Heavy
metals, 'Toxic substances, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212193 PC A02/MF A01
Unusual Polyhalogenated Chemical Residue*
Identified In Fish Tissue from the Environment
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl. 1981,12p EPA-600/J-81-190
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n3 p231 -2421981.
A review of polyhalogenated xenobiotic chemicals
identified in fish obtained from environmental sampling
is presented. The review does not include chemicals
1104 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
routinely reported in pesticide and polychlorinated bi-
pnenyl monitoring, nor chemicals studied in fish bioas-
say experiments.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Fishes, Sampling, Residues,
i ssues(Biolqgy), Reprints, *Toxic substances, 'Xeno-
Oiotics, NTISEPAORD.
£581-212201 PC A02/MF A01
evidence of Migration of Ingested Asbestos Into
various Baboon Organs. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Kusum J. Patel-Mandlik, and James R. Millette. 1980,
10pEPA-600/J-81-192
iQ
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
St. Joseph, Missouri has been designated a paniculate
nonattainment area. Identification of paniculate
sources was necessary in order to develop paniculate
control measures. Five techniques were used: (1) sta-
tistical analyses of historic paniculate sampling data;
(2) microlnventories around sampling sites and evalua-
tion with the empirical modeling technique; (3) short-
term paniculate sampling at additional locations; (4)
chemical and microscopic evaluations of paniculate
samples; and (5) evaluation of major point sources.
The analysis indicated that 24 to 35 percent of the par-
ticulate concentration at urban sites is generated by
St. Joseph area sources as opposed to extra-regional
sources. Specific sources identified by location are
reentrained dust from streets, automobile emissions,
industrial process and point source emissions, and ex-
posed areas.
Keywords: 'Panicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Industrial
wastes, Sampling, Sources, Sites, Combustion prod-
ucts, Boilers, Incinerators, Missouri, 'Saint
Joseph(Missouri), 'Air pollution sampling, Point
sources, Reasonably available control technology,
Emission factors, NTISEPAENA.
PB81-212839 PC A02/MF A01
Review of Freshwater Bloassay Procedures for
Selected Amphfpods. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
J. W. Arthur. 1980,11p EPA-600/J-80-270
Pub. in Aquatic Invertebrate Bioassays, American So-
ciety for Testing and Materials Special Technical Pub.
715, p98-108 1980.
Methods previously used for performing gammarid
bioassays and several important life-cycle require-
ments are reviewed. The discussion is largely based
on methodology for the amphipods Gammarus fascia-
tus, Gammarus lacustris, and Gammarus pseudolim-
naeus, but additional evidence, gathered from other
selected freshwater crustacean tests, is included. The
survival rate, acclimation period, test chamber size,
and age of the amphipods are discussed for short-term
tests. The survival rate, isolation versus nonisolation of
gravid females, sex ratios during the reproductive
period, and test duration are considered for the long-
term tests. Primary emphasis should be placed on
flow-through methods. The particular problem under
investigation will ultimately determine the methods and
species required. At present, the choice of species
may be G. lacustris because a higher success in labo-
ratory culturing has been achieved for this species,
and more information is available about its life-cycle
requirements.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Fresh water, Inver-
tebrates, Procedures, Life cycles, Crustacea, Survival,
Aquatic animals, Reprints, Gammarus fasciatus, Gam-
marus lacustris, Gammarus pseudo limnaeus, "Am-
phipoda, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212847 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The Influence of Naturally and Artificially Elevated
Level* of Sodium In Drinking Water on Blood
Pressure In School Children. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
Robert W. Tuthill, Cynthia Sonich, Andrea Okun, and
Daniel Greathouse. Jun 81,12p EPA-600/J-80-293
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4-2, n3p173-181 1980.
Building on prior work on sodium (Na) in drinking water
and its effects on blood pressure (BP), two variations
of the initial University of Massachusetts studies were
carried out in order locations using the same method-
ology as the original investigations. A Texas/Oklaho-
ma study compared the BP of 7th graders in two eco-
nomically similar communities whose drinking water
Na levels were 25 mg/L and 275 mg/L, a difference
two and one-half times that In the original University of
Massachusetts studies. A second study in Ohio, within
only one community, compared the BP's of the 7th
graders with a home water softener to their peers
drinking the same water unsoftened (400 ppm total
hardness). Although both studies have some compli-
cating factors, the preliminary results indicate some
effect of elevated Na in drinking water upon blood
pressure in normotensive children.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Sodium, 'Blood pressure,
Children, Ohio, Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Drink-
ing water, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-212946 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Gasoline Rationing and Gasoline Shortages: Ef-
fects on Misfueling. Final rept.,
Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, VA. Science
and Technology Div.
R.G. Oliver. Oct80,104p* IDA/HQ-80-22647, P-1514
Contract EPA-68-01 -5150
This report considers misfueling (use of leaded gaso-
line in cars calling for unleaded) induced under fuel-
short conditions, and its prevention, without and with
rationing in place, according to the plan passed by
Congress in July of 1980.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, Allocations, Automotive fuels,
'Energy shortages, Misfueling, NTISIDA, NTISEPAG.
PB81-213043 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos In Drinking Water and Cancer Incidence
In the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Marty S. Kanarek, Paul M. Conforti, Lorene A.
Jackson, Robert C. Cooper, and Jack C. Murchio.
C1980, 21 p EPA-600/J-80-280
Grant EPA-R-804366
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v112 n1 p54-72
1980.
Age-adjusted, sex- and race-specific 1969-1971
cancer incidence ratios for the 722 census tracts of
the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area were compared with measured chryso-
tile asbestos counts in tract drinking waters. The water
supplies serving the area have varying contact with
naturally occurring serpentine. The t test for multiple
regression coefficients and the t test for correlation co-
efficients showed significant (p less than 0.01) rela-
tionships between chrysotile asbestos content of tract
drinking water and white male lung, white female gall
bladder and pancreas, and peritoneal cancers in both
sexes. Of weaker significance (0.01 less than 0.05)
were female esophagus, pleura and kidney, as well as
stomach cancers in both sexes. These associations
appeared to be independent of income, education, as-
bestos occupation, marital status, country of origin and
mobility.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Malignant
neoplasms, California, Water pollution, Reprints,
'Drinking water, San Francisco(California), 'Cancer,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213050 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Adsorption of Enterovlruses to Soil Cores and
Their Subsequent Elutlon by Artificial Rainwater.
Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Edward F. Landry, James M. Vaughn, McHarrell Z.
Thomas, and Cheryl A. Beckwith. 16 Apr 79,10p EPA-
600/J-79-127
Grant EPA-R-804776-01
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v38
n4p680-687Oct79.
The adsorption and elution of a variety of human enter-
oviruses in a highly permeable, sandy soil was studied
by using cores (43 by 125 mm) collected from an oper-
ating recharge basin on Long Island. Viruses studied
included field and reference strains of polioviruses
types 1 and 3 and reference strains of coxsackie virus
B3 and echovirus types 1 and 6. Viruses suspended in
treated sewage effluent were allowed to percolate
through soil cores, and the filtrate was assayed for un-
adsorbed viruses. To determine the likelihood of de-
sorption and mobilization, soil-bound viruses were sub-
jected to a rinse with either treated sewage effluent or
simulated rainwater which reflected the anion, cation,
and pH characteristics of a typical northeastern United
States rainfall. The results demonstrated that all polio-
viruses tested, including both reference and field
strains, adsorbed extremely well to cores. Adsorption
was somewhat reduced when clean, unconditioned
soils were used. Soil-bound poliovirus strain LSc was
not significantly mobilized by flooding columns with
either a sewage effluent or rainwater nnse. One vims
was mobilized by both types of rinses. The amount of
viruses mobilized by rainwater rinses ranged from 24
to 66%. Variable adsorption-elution results were ob-
served with other enteroviruses. Two guanidine-resist-
ant mutants of poliovirus LSc demonstrated a soil ad-
sorption-elution profile different from that of the parent
strain. The data support the conclusion that soil ad-
sorption-elution behavior is strain dependent and thai
poliovirus, particularly strain LSc, represents an inap-
propriate model.
Keywords: 'Enterovlruses, 'Viruses, 'Elution, "Soils,
•Adsorption, Rain, Water, Artificial precipitation, Re-
prints, *Water pollution control, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213068 PC A02/MF A01
Disease Outbreaks Caused by Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Gunther F. Craun. Jun 80,9p EPA-600/J-80-290
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v52
n6p1833-1839 Jun 80.
A review of the medical, scientific, and engineering lit-
erature for 1979 was conducted for disease outbreaks
caused by drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution, 'Diseas-
es, Public health, Reviews, Reprints, 'Drinking water,
Literature surveys, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213076 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Poliovirus Retention In 75-crn Soil Core* After
Sewage and Rainwater Application. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Edward F. Landry, J. M. Vaughn, and Wayne F.
Penello. Dec 80,9p EPA-600/J-80-291
Grant EPA-R-804776-01
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v40
n6p1032-1038Dec80.
The adsorption rate of a guanidine-resistant strain of
poliovirus LSc 2ab was measured in Long Island soils
with in situ field cores (10.1 by 75 cm). The test virus
was chosen because it exhibited soil adsorption and
elution characteristics of a number of non-polioviruses.
After the inoculation of cores with seeded sewage ef-
fluent at a 1-cm/h infiltration rate, cores were extract-
ed, fractionated, and analyzed for total plaque-forming
units per each 5-cm fraction. The results showed that
77% of the viruses were adsorbed in the first 5 cm of
soil. An additional 11% were found in the 5- to 10-cm
fraction, and a total of 96% of the viruses were ad-
sorbed by 25 cm. The remaining 4% were uniformly
distributed over the next 50 cm of soil, with a minimum
of 0.23% in each soil section. Few viruses (less than
0.22%) were observed in core filtrates. Analysis of the
viral distribution pattern in seeded cores, after an appli-
cation of a single rinse of either sewage effluent or
rainwater, indicated that large-scale viral mobilization
was absent. However, localized areas of viral move-
ment were noted in both of the rinsed cores, with the
rainwater-rinsed cores exhibiting more extensive
movement. All mobilized viruses were resorted at
lower core depths.
Keywords: 'Polioviruses, 'Soils, 'Sewage, 'Rain,
Water, Artificial precipitation, Reprints, Retention,
'Water pollution control, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213084 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Comparative Toxlcltlet of Different Forms of As-
bestos In a Cell Culture Assay. Journal article,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY. Naylor
Dana Inst. for Disease Prevention.
Betti Reiss, Sondra Solomon, John H. Weisburger, and
Gary M. Williams. c1980,23p EPA-600/J-80-282
Grant EPA-R-803998
Pub. in Environmental Research 22, p109-129 1980.
Three forms of Union Internationale Centre le Cancer
(UICC) asbestos, amosite, crocidollte, and chrysotile,
were assayed for their cytotoxicity (inhibition of colony
formation) in cell culture. Using embryonic human in-
testine-derived (I-407) and adult rat liver-derived (ARL-
6) epithelial cells, the order of cytotoxicity was
chrysotile > amosite >crocldolite. All three asbestos
types were more toxic to I-407 than to ARL-6 cells.
Chrysotile, amosite, and crocidollte were also tested
for inhibition of colony formation in cultures of mouse
colon-derived epithellal-like (MCE-1) cells; these cells
1106 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were more resistant than the 1-407 cells to all three
IL if ^P681 altnou9h similar to the ARL-6 cells in sensi-
w«y to chrysotile and amosite, the MCE-1 cells were
"we sensitive to crocidolite than the ARL-6 cells.
Leaching of the three asbestos forms for 3 days in
sterile deionized water did not appreciably affect the
cytotoxicity of I-407 or ARL-6 cells. Leaching in hydro-
2* , acidl "owevar, greatly decreased the cytotoxi-
city of chrysotile on these cells and particularly in cul-
jwes of ARL-6 cells slightly increased the cytotoxicity
or amosite and crocidolite. Leaching in deionized
U? i r .altered the composition of the asbestos as re-
vealed by release of substantial levels of Mg2+ and
£a2+ into the leaching fluid. Greater liters of these
ns were released during leaching in hydrochloric
pet walls, were studied using the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analy-
sis (EDXA). The micrographs from the SEM showed
that the surfaces can be corroded, exposing and re-
leasing fibers to the drinking water. The EDXA spectra
showed that the surfaces of the asbestos cement ma-
terials can be chemically altered to cause the release
of fibers. Also, these spectra showed that certain
chemical inhibitors, under specific conditions, can coat
the surfaces of pipe and presumably impede any fiber
release.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Corrosion, In-
hibitors, Cement, Fibers, Ingestion(Biology), Water pol-
lution, Reprints, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution con-
trol, NTISEPAORD.
"Asbestos, 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Inhibi-
«pn, Cells(Biology), Reprints, Cell cultures, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Cytotoxicity, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213092 PC A02/MF A01
SS8T?Miv« Water. Assessing the Extent of the
Pfobtom. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
James R. Millette, Arthur F. Hammonds, Michael F.
oSn?nS- Edward C. Hanson, and Patrick J. Clark. May
80, 8p EPA-600/ J-80-286
pub. in Jnl. AWWA 72(5), p262-266 May 80.
fnat corrosion caused by aggressive water not only
Barnes the threat of distribution system deterioration
out also poses a potential health hazard is generally
recognized. But just how widespread is the problem.
«na how serious. A national survey covering water
Appiers serving approximately one fifth of the US
population shows almost 70 percent of the representa-
we utilities to have moderately to highly aggressive
waters.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Corrosion, 'Water pollu-
PAOR "° nealtn- RePnnts, 'Drinking water, NTISE-
|*81-213100 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
"*Mttos Cement Pipe and Cancer In Connecticut
1956-1974. Journal article,
rale Univ., New Haven, CT. School of Medicine.
J- Wister Metas, Stephen D. Walter, Jean F. Heston,
James R. Milfette, and Gunther F. Craun. 1 980, 7p
EPA-600/J-80-283
Contracts EPA-68-03-2444, N01-CP-3-3235
gponsored in part by National Cancer Inst, Bethesda,
Mo. Contract N01-CP-6-1002. Pub. in Jnl. of Environ-
"Wital Health, v42 n4 p1 87-1 91 Jan/Feb 80.
The associations of the use of asbestos-cement (A/C)
Ppe in public potable water distribution systems with
cnanges in Connecticut cancer incidence rates were
analyzed. Eight measurements related to asbestos in
[own water, population density, and socioeconomic
"Cores were tested for their association with increased
jaws of cancer incidence, using multiple regression.
NO consistent patterns of association were found. The
5U£X provided no evidence for changing current water
attribution policies for Connecticut public water sup-
Plies because of A/C pipe use.
s: 'Potable water, 'Asbestos, 'Connecticut,
Malignant neoplasms, Public health, Reprints,
Cancer, NTISEPAORD.
5B81-2131 18 PC A02/MF A01
**S?to»'C«»'n«nt Product* In Contact with Drink-
"9 Water: SEM Observation*. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Cl
coj; Clark> J- R- Millette, and R. L. Boone. 1 980, 8p
EPA-600/J-80-281
ion ln Scanning Electron Microscopy 1, p341-346
i860.
jn studying the health effects of asbestos fibers Ingest-
*d In drinking water it is Important to know whether
water can corrode the surface of asbestos-cement
Products to facilitate the release of the fibers to the
water. Also, in the case of asbestos-cement pipe, it is
"nportam to know whether chemical inhibitors can
coat the surface of the pipe to curtail this release. Be-
cause of these needs, the effects of water on the sur-
"tees of three asbestos-cement materials, namely,
water pipes, cistern collecting tiles, and reservoir para-
PB81-213126 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Efficiency of Beef Extract for the Recovery of Po-
llovlrus from Wastewater Effluents. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Edward F. Landry, James M. Vaughn, McHarrell Z.
Thomas, and Thomas J. Vicale. 26 Jul 78,7p EPA-
600/J-78-183
Grant EPA-R-804776-01
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v36
n4 p544-548 Oct 78.
The efficiency of poliovirus elution from fiber glass car-
tridge filters (K27), epoxy-fiber glass-asbestos filters
(M780), and pleated cartridge filters was assessed by
using 3% beef extract (pH 9.0) or 0.1 M glycine (pH
11.5). Poliovirus type I, strain LSc, was seeded into 20-
to 25-gallon (ca. 75.6- to 95.6-liter) samples of treated
sewage effluent and concentrated by using a filter ad-
sorption-elution technique. Virus elution was accom-
plished by using either two 600-ml portions of 3% beef
extract (pH 9.0), or two 1 -liter portions of 0.1 M glycine
(pH 11.5). In all experiments, beef extract elution fol-
lowed by organic flocculation was found to be superior,
yielding a mean recovery efficiency of 85%, with re-
coveries ranging from 68 to 100%. Elution with 0.1 M
glycine (pH 11.5) followed by inorganic flocculation re-
sulted in a mean recovery efficiency of 36%. The vari-
able range of recoveries with beef extract could not be
significantly improved by varying the type of beef ex-
tract or by extending the elution time to 30 min.
Second-step reconcentration of 1-liter seeded sewage
effluent and renovated wastewater samples indicated
that organic flocculation was a more efficient method
for virus recovery than inorganic flocculation. Beef ex-
tract concentrations of less than 3% were found to be
efficient in the recovery of poliovirus from renovated
wastewater.
Keywords: 'Polioviruses, 'Waste water, 'Effluents,
'Efficiency, Viruses, Filters, Reprints, Beef extract,
Sewage treatment effluents, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213134 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Virus Removal during Groundwater Recharge: Ef-
fects of Infiltration Rate on Adsorption of Poliovi-
rus to Soil. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
James M. Vaughn, Edward F. Landry, Cheryl A.
Beckwith, and McHarrell Z. Thomas. Jan 81,11p EPA-
600/J-81-208
Grant EPA-R-804776-01
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v41
n1p139-147Jan81.
Studies were conducted to determine the influence of
infiltration rate on poliovirus removal during ground-
water recharge with tertiary-treated wastewater ef-
fluents. Experiments were conducted at a uniquely de-
signed, field-situated test recharge basin facility
through which some 62,000 cu. m of sewage had been
previously applied. Recharge at high infiltration rates
(75 to 100 cm/h) resulted in the movement of consid-
erable numbers of seeded poliovirus to the groundwat-
er. Moderately reduced infiltration rates (6 cm/h) af-
fected significantly improved virus removal. Very low
infiltration rates (0.5 to 1.0 cm/h), achieved by partial
clogging of the test basin, yielded the greatest virus re-
moval efficiencies.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Viruses, 'Polioviruses, 'Adsorp-
tion, Reprints, 'Water pollution control, Infiltration,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213142 PC A02/MF A01
The Behavior of Asbestos-Cement Pipe Under
Various Water Quality Conditions: A Progress
Report. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Ralph W. Buelow, James R. Millette, Earl F. McFarren,
andJames M. Symons. 1980,14p EPA-600/J-80-285
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v72
n2p91-102Feb80.
Asbestos-cement pipe has had a reputation for resist-
ing attack by aggressive waters that cause corrosion
of metal pipe materials. The results of this study sug-
gest that asbestos-cement pipe behaves much like
other piping materials, except PVC, that are commonly
used for potable water distribution.
Keywords: 'Water pipes, 'Asbestos cement products,
Piping systems, Deterioration, Water pollution, Potable
water, Reprints, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213159 PC A02/MF A01
Concentration and Size of Asbestos In Water Sup-
plies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
James R. Millette, Patrick J. Clark, Michael F. Pansing,
and James D. Twyman. Feb 80,15p EPA-600/ J-80-
284
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v34 p13-
251980.
A review of the results of over 1500 asbestos analyses
from U.S. water supplies suggests that the majority of
water consumers are not exposed to asbestos con-
centrations in their drinking water over 10 to the 6th
power fibers per liter. There are, however, some popu-
lations that are exposed to waterborne asbestos con-
centrations over 10 x 10 to the 6th power fibers per
liter caused by natural erosion, mine processing
wastes, waste pile erosion, corrosion of asbestos
cement pipe, or disintegration of asbestos tile roofs
running into cisterns. The distribution of fiber sizes in
the water is dependent on the source of the fibers. The
average length of chrysotile fibers found in an asbes-
tos cement distribution system was 4 micromoles,
while the average fiber length of chrysotile fibers con-
tributed to a water supply by natural erosion was 1 mi-
crornole.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Asbestos, 'Water pollu-
tion, Exposure, Concentration(Compositlon), Public
health, Reprints, 'Drinking water, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213167 PC A02/MF A01
Preparation of Extrapulmonary Tissues and Body
Fluids for Quantitative Transmission Electron Mi-
croscope Analysis of Asbestos and Other Mineral
Particle Concentrations. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Philip M. Cook. 1979,10p EPA-600/J-79-123
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v330 p717-724,14 Dec 79.
The preparation of tissue and body fluid samples is a
critical step in the determination of microscopic parti-
cle concentrations and characteristics by electron mi-
croscopy. A critical review of tissue preparation tech-
niques reported in the literature is provided with em-
phasis on analytical sensitivity and accuracy and the
problem of particle contamination. Details of a method
devised for analysis of mineral fibers in urine samples
are provided as an example of how the basic require-
ments for insuring quantitative particle analysis are
achieved.
Keywords: 'Electron microscopy, 'Tissues(Biology),
'Body fluids, Particles, Concentration(Composition),
Characteristics, Reviews, Sensitivity, Accuracy, As-
bestos, Particles, Reprints, Urinalysls, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213209 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Post-Implantation Exposure to Select-
ed Pesticides on Reproductlvtty In Rats. Final
rept,
Southern Univ., Baton Rouge, LA.
Fitzgerald Spencer. Jun 81,33p EPA-600/1-81-048
Grant EPA-R-804974
The post-implantational effects of dinoseb, PCBs (Aro-
clor 1254), rotenone and zlneb on reproductive sys-
December 1983 1107
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
terns were examined using decidualized pseudopreg-
nant rat as a model. Uterine protein, uterine glycogen,
uterine water, and ovarian protein were studied in day
10 decidualized pseudopregnant rats fed the toxicants
from days 6 through 9 of pseudopregnancy. Dinoseb
reduced uterine protein and uterine glycogen in rats
fed 25 ppm and higher concentrations. Uterine water
and uterine weight were reduced at the highest dosage
of 750 ppm. Ovarian protein was diminished at 150
ppm and higher concentrations. PCBs lowered uterine
glycogen, but uterine protein content was not reduced
in a dose-related manner. Ovarian protein content was
diminished at 50 ppm and higher concentrations. Uter-
fed up to 1000 ppm of the PCBs. Rotenone reduced
uterine protein in rats fed 200 ppm and higher concen-
trations. In day-16 pregnant rats fed rotenone (100,
200, 400, and 600 ppms) from days 6-;6 of pregnancy,
placental protein, placental glycogen, ovarian protein,
and maternal body weight were reduced. Additionally,
these dosing regimens reduced fetal survival rate.
Fetal weight of fetus delivered from rotenone-fed
dams was not affected. The decidualized pseudopreg-
nant uterine, and placental functions, and fetal survival
rate of rats were not affected by zineb up to 2500 ppm.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Pesticides, "Toxi-
cology, Rotenone, Rats, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Pregnancy, Proteins, Glycogens, Moisture con-
tent, Feeding, Biochemistry, 'Toxic substances,
Animal models, Biphenyl/chioro, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Dinoseb, Phenol/butyl-dinitro, Zineb, Ethyl-
ene bls(dithiocarbamate)zinc, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213217 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
ENAMAP-1 (Eastern North American Model of Air
Pollution) Long-Term SO2 and Sulfate Pollution
Modal: Further Application to Eastern North
America. Final rept. Feb-Aug 80,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
C. M. Bhumralkar, R. L Mancuso, D. E. Wolf, K. C. Nib,
and W. B. Johnson. Jun 81,128p* EPA-600/7-81-102
Contract EPA-68-02-2959
A study was carried out to apply and test the Eastern
North American Model of Air Pollution (ENAMAP-1), a
regional trajectory-type model that is an adapted ver-
sion of the European Model of Air Pollution (EURMAP-
1) developed by SRI International (SRI) for the Federal
Republic of Germany. The ENAMAP-1 model calcula-
tions were based on all available wind and precipita-
tion data and on specialized emission data prepared
for the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE) program.
The ENAMAP-1 model has been tested to determine
the variability of the model's seasonal calculations
caused by year-to-year changes in wind and precipita-
tion patterns. Sulfur emission data for 1977 were used
with meteorological data and annual sulfur concentra-
tions, depositions, and regional exchanges. The calcu-
lated results appeared to Be in reasonably good agree-
ment with the available air quality measurements. The
effects of yearly variations in the transport winds were
most noticeable in the monthly SO=4 concentration
patterns and in the SO=4 wet-deposition fields; the
latter also showed strong sensitivity to. yearly vari-
ations in precipitation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
•Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, Wind(Meteorology),
Precipitation(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), 'ENAMAP 1 model, Air
quality, Numerical solution, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-21322S PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Overland Flow Treatment of Poultry Processing
Wastowater In Cold Climate*. Final rept. Nov 1976-
Oct 1979,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Uoyd H. Ketehum, Jr., Robert L. Irvine, and Arthur J.
Cunningham. Jun 81,129p EPA/600/2-81 -093
Grant EPA-R-804677
This project evaluates a full-scale wastewater treat-
ment facility emphasizing the overland flow process in
northern Indiana, which has a cold climate. The other
processes Include mechanical pretreatment, a storage
lagoon, a lagoon for batch chemical treatment of the
overland flow effluent, and rapid infiltration. The report
describes the design, construction and operation of
the system and includes the many problems asaoclat-
1108 Vol. 83, No. 26
ed cold weather. The efficiency of the overland flow
process via seasons is given along with recommended
changes in design and operation.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Poultry, Waste disposal, Lagoons(Ponds),
Industries, Indiana, 'Land disposal, Food processing
industry. Liquid wastes, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213233 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Case Studies In the Application of Air Quality
Modeling In Environmental Decision Making: Sum-
mary and Recommendations,
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge,
MA.
Catherine G. Miller. May 81,92p EPA-600/4-81 -034
Grant EPA-R-805558-01
Eleven case studies of the application of air quality
models were undertaken in order to examine the prob-
lems encountered when trying to use these models in
making environmental policy decisions. The case stud-
ies of air pollution control decisions describe the deci-
sion process, the models used, the critiques of the
models, and the participation by outside interest
groups in the decision process. The studies include
two cases of federal decisions, seven state decisions,
one local decision, and a review of the evolution of
modeling requirements in the Clean Air legislation. The
time covered is from 1970 to the present and includes
several cases for which a final decision has not yet
been made. The results of this investigation show that
indeed the well-known technical and political con-
straints exist but that unresolved policy issues, the
management of the decision process and conflicting
institutional and organizational interests also cause
problems. Recommendations are made on how to im-
prove the technical planning and management of the
decision process so that the air quality models can
become a better policy tool within the state-of-the-art,
political and organizational constraints.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, National govern-
ment, Regulations, Air pollution, State government,
•Air quality, State of the art, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213241 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastewater Treatment by Rooted Aquatic Plants
In Sand and Gravel Trenches. Final rept. Aug 77-
Aug 79,
Moulton Niguel Water District, Laguna Niguel, CA.
Pamela R. Pope. Jun 81,31 p EPA-600/2-81 -091
Grant EPA-R-805279
The objective of this project was to evaluate a patent-
ed process developed by the Max Planck Institute
(MPI) of West Germany for the treatment of industrial
wastes, as an energy-efficient method for the treat-
ment of municipal waatewater. The major goal was to
achieve effluents meeting the United States Federal
Effluent Standards by this novel biological treatment
process that uses a minimal amount of mechanical
equipment and does not require a great amount of
manpower for normal operation. An eleven-month
study demonstrated that raw screened wastewater ap-
plied to the trench system at a rate not exceeding 95
m3/d (25,000 god) could be treated to secondary ef-
fluent quality. Spatial requirements were about the
same as for a septic tank system.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Sewage treatment, •Mu-
nicipalities, Sands, Gravel, Waste water, Harvesting,
Effectiveness, Ditches. Reeds(Plante), Manpower,
Energy, Equipment, California, Phragmites, Scirpus,
Reeds, Bulrush, Secondary treatment, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-2132S8 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Bibliography on Hazardous Materials Analysis
Method*. Final rept,
Aerospace Corp., Germantown, MD.
Jean R. Simons. Jun 81,88p* EPA-600/2-81 -094
Contract EPA-68-03-2609
A comprehensive annotated bibliography of analytical
methods for 67 of the chemicals on the Environmental
Protection Agency's Hazardous Substances List is
presented. Literature references were selected and
abstracts of analytical methods were compiled to fa-
cilitate rapid and accurate identification of the sub-
stances when discharged into the environment. Litera-
ture search procedures are outlined and general selec-
tion criteria for the analytical methods are discussed.
Cross references are included for methods applicable
to more than one of the hazardous substances.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "BL...„
'Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys,
PAORD.
hies,
ISE-
PB81-213266 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Behavior of DDT, Kepone, and Permethrln In Sedi-
ment-Water Systems under Different Oxidation-
Reduction and pH Conditions. Final rept. Oct 76-Jul
79,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
Robert P. Gambrell, C. N. Reddy, Vicki Collard, Gloria
Green, and W. H. Patrick, Jr. Jun 81,110p* EPA-600/
3-81-038
Grant EPA-R-908940
A study was conducted to determine the effects of pH
and oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions of soil and
sediment-water systems on the persistence of three
insecticide compounds. Three pH levels, ranging from
moderately acid to mildy alkaline, were studied for
each compound. Four redox potential levels (-150, 50,
250, and 450 mv) were studied ranging from strongly
reduced (anaerobic) to well oxidizecT(aerobic). The in-
secticide-substrate combinations included in the
project were DDT in a Mobile Bay (Mobile AL) sedi-
ment material, Kepone in the sediment material of a
tributary of the James River (Hopewell VA), and Per-
methrin in an Olivier soil material (Baton Rouge LA).
Sample aliquots were removed from the laboratory mi-
crocosms to determine the recovery of the added
compounds with time. A substantial redox potential
effect was noted for DDT where recovery decreased
from the spiking level of around 25 parts per million
(ppm) to near 0 ppm within a few days at -150 mv
(strongly reduced condition). A less rapid loss of DDT
was noted at 50 mv (moderately reduced condition),
but the pesticide appeared stable under better oxi-
dized conditions dunng the 45-day incubations. The
levels of Kepone recovered did not change apprecia-
bly during 56 days of incubation under any of the com-
binations of imposed pH and redox potential condi-
tions. The recovery of Permethrin was affected by both
pH and redox potential conditions over 25-day incuba-
tions. Unlike DDT, Permethrin was lost more rapidly
under oxidizing conditions.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Soils, "pH, 'Oxidation reduction re-
actions, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides,
Sampling, Degradation, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic
processes, Diffusion, "Sediment-water interfaces,
•Kepone, 'Permethrin, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213274 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility Study of Open Tank Oxygen-Activated
Sludge wastawater Treatment. Final rept. May 73-
Oct 74,
FMC Corp., Englewood, CO.
Kerwin R. Rakness. Jun 81,65p EPA-600/2-81 -095
Grant EPA-S-801790
The pilot plant for this study consisted of one oxygen-
ation basin and two clarifiers. The system treated pri-
mary clarifler effluent from the Englewood, Colorado,
treatment facility. The influent flow rate was adjusted
to attain average aeration reactor detention times
ranging from 0.94 to 3.3 hr. The pilot plant operation
was conducted in two phases. Treatment performance
during both phases was excellent. Final effluent BODS
concentration and secondary BODS removals aver-
aged less than 20 mg/l and greater than 90 percent,
respectively. No degradation in process removal effi-
ciency occurred even at organic loadings as high as
1.23 kg BODS applied/day /kg MLVSS (1.23 Ib BODS
applied/day/lb MLVSS) and volumetric loadings as
high as 4.07 kg BODS applied/day/cu m (254 Ib BODS
applied/day/1000 cu ft) of reactor capacity. Analysis
of pilot plant operations indicated that somewhat less
sludge was produced with the oxygen system when
compared to literature-cited, typical air sludge produc-
tion. This decreased sludge production occurred and
became more pronounced at higher organic loadings.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparisons were made between literature-cited, typl-
^i air-sludge and oxygen-sludge settling characteris-
es. In all cases, the oxygen sludge Initial settllngve-
locity was greater than typical air sludge at given TSS
concentrations. Average oxygen utilization efficiency
was 92 percent.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
KiS.ntir"ot Plants, Biochemical oxygen demand, Feasi-
bility. Colorado, Performance evaluation, Clarification,
«oncentratlon(Comp08ltlon), Comparison, Oxygen-
Bnnn Tl_u_>.i- r\__i__ —i*:I.j-.
Won,
criteria,
lion, Technology, Deslg
;nfltowood(Colorado),NTISEPAORD.
5*881.213888 PC A08/MF A01
^•Ith Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
rn» University of Akron Urban Air Pollution and
JVnwn Health study,
Awpn Univ., OH.
ntahard A. Mostardl, Daniel L. Ely, Nancy
"Oebkenberg, Mary Conlon, and Marcla Jarrett. Jun
|1,16apEPA-800/1-81-050
Q«ntEPA-R.804628
Approximately 360 volunteers from East Cleveland,
"rnp and 320 counterparts from Elyrla, Ohio were
•Wed for the chronic effects of air pollution. The East
^•veland area was chosen for Its proximity to heavy
ndustrial air pollution, and Elyrla, because It Is an
"[ban area with an excellent past record lor air quality.
2" quality was monitored by two aerometrlc stations In
••oh city using total suspended participates, suspend-
ed *ulfate, suspended nitrate, sulfur dioxide, and nltro-
8en dioxide as criteria. The results of this study Indl-
SJte that there are some significant differences In the
young age groups for lung function tests and question-
naire responses which favor Elyria residents. Differ-
•ncea are also found In the older age groups, and
""me not as significant, favor the Cleveland residents.
' nese results nave many ramifications, the more obvi-
ous being that there Is some selective migration asso-
°wed with the Cleveland study area. It would appear
"JJ1 there may be an air pollution effect on the younger
volunteers taut more detailed study would be neces-
8«y for more definitive conclusions.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Toxicology, Ohio, Age
jl'Oups, Exposure, Air pollution, Hazardous materials,
gPidemlology, Physiological effects, Questionnaires,
fj «i Blood chemical analysis, Respiratory system,
Sleveland(Ohlo), Elyrta(Ohlo), *Air pollution
JJjectstHumans), Synergism, Health risks, Lung func-
«>n tests, "Environmental health, NTISEPAORD.
JJB81-213308 PC A04/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
SJjOnetlc Drum Separator Performance Scalping
Trommel Underflow at Nominal Design Condi-
H0"* Teet No. 4.01, Recovery 1, New Orleans.
•"raonal Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
Won. DC.
. .
«<" 81 , 71p EPA-600/2-81 -1 00
Contract EPA-68-01-4423
also PB81-213316, PB81-213324, and PB81-
' 1 3332.
?*• report describes the first test of the magnetic
arum separator that was designed to scalp the under-
2°* of the trommel, or rotary screen, at the New Orle-
S"»i Louisiana, resource recovery facility. The objec-
Jjye of the test was to document the performance of
pe trommel-undere magnetic drum separator with the
rpwmel processing raw municipal solid waste at the
nominal design feed rate of 62.5 tph.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Reclamation, 'Solid
~B*te disposal, 'Magnetic separators, Iron alloys,
:;?8ign, Performance tests, Performance evaluation,
' dat&1 Munlclpal wastes' S0*1 wastes, NTI-
PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
.
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
Won, DC.
i* 81, 56p EPA-600/2-81 -101
PA-68-01 -4423
See also PB81-213324, PB81-213332, and PB81-
213308.
This report describes the first test of the shredded
trommel overs magnetic drum separator at the New
Orleans, Louisiana, resource recovery facility. Shred-
ded trommel overs refers to waste which reports to the
oversize discharge from the trommel and is subse-
quently shredded For this test, the trommel processed
raw municipal solid waste at the design feed rate, 62.5
tph,
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Reclamation, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Magnetic separators, Iron alloys,
Design, Performance tests, Performance evaluation,
Shredding, Statistical data, Municipal wastes, Solid
wastes, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213324 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ferrous Metals Recovery at Recovery 1, New Or-
leans: Performance of the Modified System. Teat
No. 4.06 and Teat No. 4.09, Recovery 1, New Orle-
ans. Final rept.,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Perry Bagalman. Jun 81,40p EPA-600/2-81-102
Contract EPA-68-01 -4423
See also PB81-213316, PB81-213332, and PB81-
213308.
This report documents two series of samplings and the
monitoring of enery consumption and shredder
hammer wear of the upgraded ferrous recovery
system that produces a light ferrous product from the
processing of municipal refuse at the New Orleans re-
source recovery project. A series of system samplings
was conducted for each of two refuse processing lines
that provide ferrous to the ferrous recovery system:
Line No. 1-primary trommel and shredder; Line No. 2--
shredder only. Beyond the trommel unders and shred-
ded material primary magnets, the upgraded ferrous
recovery system includes an air knife to remove loose
contamination and separate light and heavy-gauge fer-
rous, a light ferrous shredder to liberate attached con-
tamination and density the light ferrous, and a second-
ary magnet for cleaning of the shredded light ferrous.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Reclamation, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Magnetic separators, Iron alloys,
Shredders, Shredding, Design, Performance tests,
Performance evaluation, Statistical data, Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes, Energy consumption, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-213332 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Improvement of Magnetically Separated Ferrous
Concentrate by Shredding: A Performance Teat.
Test No. 4.07, Recovery 1, New Orleans,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Kelly Q. Runyon. Jun 81,59p EPA-600/2-81 -103
Contract EPA-68-01 -4423
See also PB81-213316, PB81-213324, and PB81-
213308.
This report describes a series of test runs In which fer-
rous product magnetically recovered from municipal
waste was further shredded In a small (50 hp) ham-
mermlll to free attached or entrapped contaminant. A
belt magnet was then used to separate metal from the
liberated contaminant. The report details test results
and describes the equipment used, test procedures,
and methods of sample analysis.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Reclamation, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Magnetic separators, Iron alloys,
Shredding, Shredders, Design, Performance tests,
Performance evaluation, Statistical data, Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes. NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213340 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Maintenance of the Organic Chemical Producers
Data Base. Final rept. Mar 79-Dec 80,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Barbara B. Lee. Jun 81,127p* EPA-600/2-81 -099
Contract EPA-68-03-2776
This report describes the maintenance and operation
of the Organic Chemical Producers Data Base
(OCPDB) from March 1979 to December 1980. During
this period the OCPDB, an automated chemical Infor-
mation system developed for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, was expanded and updated by
Radian Corporation. Concurrently, the data base pro-
vided users with economic, toxiclty, use, and produc-
tion Information about more than 600 Industrial organic
chemical products. During the 1979-1980 mainte-
nance task, the list of OCPDB chemical products was
expanded to more than 600 from the 590 contained in
the previous version of the OCPDB. Fifteen individual
chemical, plastic, resin, and fiber products replaced six
less-specific product groups.
Keywords: 'Maintenance, 'Information systems,
'Chemical compounds, Manufacturing, 'Organic
chemical producers data bate, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-2133S7 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chlorine Dioxide for Wastewater Disinfection: A
Feasibility Evaluation. Final rept. Sep 77-Jun 80,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept, of Civil Engineering.
Paul V. Roberts, E. Marco Aleta, James D. Berg, and
Bruce M. Chow. Jun 81,159p EPA-600/2-81-092
Grant EPA-R-805426
Chlorine dioxide was compared with chlorine for the
disinfection of wastewater In laboratory experiments.
Disinfection with chlorine dioxide was also demon-
strated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Cri-
teria for comparison Included conform kill, Inactlvatlon
of pollovlrus and other Indicators, and formation of hal-
ogenated organic by-products. In general, chlorine di-
oxide accomplished a given fractional kill of total con-
forms with a smaller product (residual x time) than
chlorine. The required mass doses of the disinfectants
were approximately equal for treating conventional ac-
tivated-sludge effluent. The required dose of chlorine
was approximately 2 to 10 times greater than that of
chlorine dioxide for treating filtered, nitrified effluent,
depending on the coliform standard. Chlorine dioxide
was found to be more effective for inactivating Polio-
virus I and natural populations of coliphage in both
n n-nitrified and filtered, nitrified wastewater effluents.
Chlorine dioxide treatment formed no measurable
amounts of trihalomethane by-products, whereas chlo-
rine treatment formed 0.5 to 5 micro Mpl per liter of trl-
halomethanes, chiefly chloroform, in experiments
using wastewater effluents. Based on a total coliform
standard of 1000 per 100 ml disinfection with chlorine
is estimated to cost 0.3 to 1.7 cents per cu m (1.1 to
6.4 cents per 1000 gallons), depending on plant size,
compared with 1.5 to 3.5 cents per cu m (5.8 to 13.4
cents per 1000 gallons) for disinfection with chlorine
dioxide (1979 price levels).
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Disinfection, 'Chlorine
oxides, Feasibility, Coliform bacteria, Reaction kinet-
ics, Virus, Halogen organic compounds, Cost analysis,
Microorganisms, Chlorinatlon.
PB81-213365 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Dtv.
Effect of Flue Oaa Cleaning Sludgea on Selected
Liner Materials. Final rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, MS.
Clarence R. Styron, III, Zelma B. Fry, Jr., and Gordon
L. Carr. Jun 81, 97p* EPA-600/2-81-O98
This project examines the effects of two flue gas de-
sulfurlzation (FGD) sludges on 18 liner materials used
to contain them. Seventy-two special test cells were
constructed 1 ft. in diameter by 2 ft. high. Devices were
Installed to collect the leachate from each test cell for
determination of the quantity of leakage and the leak-
age rate (permeability), and to provide storage for sub-
sequent chemical analyses. Ten admix liner materials
were mixed with a clayey silt and compacted In the
bottom 6 in. of the test cells. Six spray-on and two pre-
fabricated membrane liners were placed over 6 in. of
compacted ailty sand. Four gallons of sludge was then
added to each test cell along with enough tap water to
bring the liquid to within 4 In. of the top. Each test cell
was covered and pressurized to simulate a disposal
area approximately 30 n. deep. Physical and chemical
tests were conducted on the liners before exposure to
December 1983 1109
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the FGD sludges, and after 12 and 24 months of expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Sludges, *Air pollution control, 'Linings,
'Solid waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Flue
gases, Exposure, Tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Water pollution control, Economics, Flue gas
desulfurizatlon, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213373 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Modification of Optical Instruments for In-Stack
Monitoring of Particle Size. Final rept. Sep 79-Aug
80,
Leeds and Northrup Co., North Wales, PA.
A. L Wertheimer. Jun 81,46p EPA-600/2-81-096
Contract EPA-68-02-32S3
A light scattering instrument for in-situ measurements
of particles In the 0.2 to 20 micrometer diameter size
range Is described, and field test results are presented.
The instrument Is a modified version of an earlier pro-
totype. The upper limit of the size response has been
extended from 10 to 20 micrometers, and several com-
ponent and packaging changes have been Incorporat-
ed to make the unit more suited to stack paniculate
emission survey applications. The completed Instru-
ment was tested at a coal-fired electric power generat-
ing facility. During the test a cascade impactor was
used as a referee device and both instruments were
run side by side in the outlet duct of the electrostatic
preclpitator. Results show an excellent correlation be-
tween the two instruments with regard to the Identifica-
tion of a 1 micrometers diameter peak in the particle
size distribution. A second peak around 20 microme-
ters was defined by the optical instrument, but could
not conclusively be confirmed through the impactor
data. The optical instrument handled well during the
field test.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Optical measuring instru-
ments, 'Particle size, Monitoring, Revision, Field tests,
Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Light scattering, 'Coal fired power plants,
•Air pollution detection.
PB81-213381 PC A02/MF A01
Hematologlc and Immunologlc Studies of Humans
Exposed to SO2,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mirdza L. Peterson, Shirley Harder, Delores Elliott,
Vetva Milholland, and Geraldine Orlando. Jun 81,22p
EPA-600/1-81-047
Immunologlc and hematologic parameters were used
to evaluate the effects in humans of a single 2 hour ex-
posure to either clean air or 0.75 ppm SO2. Venous
blood Samples were obtained before, immediately
after, and 24,48, and 72 hours following the end of ex-
posure. Parameters studied included complete blood
counts, enumeration of lymphocyte populations using
surface membrane receptor markers, evaluation of
lymphocyte mitogen stimulated response, and con-
centration of secretary Immunoglobulin A (s-lgA) con-
tent of nasal washings. No statistically significant
changes were seen in s-lgA, blood erythrocytes or im-
munologic parameters examined. A possibly signifi-
cant decrease was found in monocytes 48 hours fol-
lowing SO2 exposure, but this recovered after 72
hours. A stimulatory effect (not statistically significant)
was noted at 48 and 72 hours post-SO2 in s-lgA and in
lymphocyte numbers bearing receptors for the Fc por-
tion of IgG, while a decrease occurred in active T-lym-
phocytes with receptors for sheep red blood cells.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Hematology, 'Immunolo-
gy, 'Toxicology, Evaluation, Humans, Exposure, Blood
chemical analysis, Physiological effects, Air pollution,
•Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-213407 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Determination of Dissolved Kepone by Direct Ad-
dition of XAD-2 Resin to Water. Journal article,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point
Richard L. Harris, Robert J. Huggett, and Harold D.
Slone. Jun 81, 4p VIMS-CONTR1B-929, EPA-600/J-
80-292,, ERLGB-153
Grant EPA-R-804993
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, n52 779p 1080.
Analytical procedures are described for the determina-
tion of Kepone in water, using benzene, toulene-ethyl
acetate, or ethyl ether-hexane as solvents. The proce-
dure is presently being used to quantify dissolved
Kepone concentrations of less than 15 ng/l in the
James River and thus provide further information on its
behavior In natural waters. Preliminary results show
dissolved Kepone concentrations of 3.0-10 ng/l in the
vicinity of Skiffes Creek along the James River.
Keywords: 'Kepone, 'Water analysis, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Skiffes Creek, Pesticides, Reprints, 'XAD-2 resin,
'Water pollution detection, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-213415 PC A04/MF A01
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Public
Awareness Guidance for Inspection and Mainte-
nance Programs. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Jan 81,55p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -3
This document was prepared for use by affected
states or local agencies during the development and
Implementation of the public Information element of
their Inspection/maintenance programs. The I/M
public awareness objectives are to achieve a wide-
spread public understanding that air pollution is a seri-
ous problem, that vehicle emissions are major contrib-
utors to this problem, and that I/M is an effective way
to solve the problem. This guidance recommends an
approach to accomplish these objectives.
Keywords: 'Inspection, 'Maintenance, *Alr pollution,
'Exhaust emissions, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-213423 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Impact of Organic Solvents on the Integrity of
Clay Liners for Industrial Waste Disposal Pits: Im-
plications for Qroundwater Contamination. Final
rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Environmental En-
gineering Program.
William J. Green, G. Fred Lee, and R. Anne Jones. Jun
79,149p
Grant EPA-R-804549
This research project was aimed toward development
of procedures by which to evaluate the potential for
groundwater contamination by hazardous industrial
wastes disposed of on land. Studies were conducted
to describe the attenuative properties of the soil, soil
permeability, and the effects of a number of common
components of hazardous wastes on the characteris-
tics of soils and standard clays. This study represents
the first systematic effort to determine the effects of
bulk organic solvents and solvent/water mixtures on
the characteristics of clays. An attempt was also made
to develop a model to predict the potential impact on
groundwater quality that may result when a particular
type of hazardous waste is disposed of onto a particu-
lar type of land or remolded clay barrier (liner).
Keywords: 'Organic solvents, 'Water pollution, 'Lin-
ings, Industrial wastes, Ground water, Soils, Clays,
'Land disposal, 'Liquid wastes, Water quality, NTISE-
PAEJB.
PB81-213498 PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Approaches to Evaluating the Role
of Environmental Factors In the Development of
Cardiovascular Disease. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
P. T. McCauley, and R. J. Bull. 1980,25p EPA-600/J-
80-289
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4-2,3 p27-501980.
Epidemiologic studies have suggested factors in drink-
ing water influence on the human cardiovascular
system. A clear identification of the factors involved re-
quires more invasive techniques and more strict exper-
imental controls than can usually be applied in epide-
miologic studies. Consequently laboratory animals are
often used to expand and support epidemiologic data.
For laboratory purposes cardiovascular toxicology
must be broken down to effects on the myocardium,
the vasculature and the kidney. Further division may
be necessary to take into account the Influence of the
neuroendocrine system or other systems that influ-
ence the function of the cardiovascular system. Since
enviromental influences upon the cardiovascular dis-
ease are relatively subtle (versus the acute effects of
some drugs) it is assumed that major difficulties are
chronic in nature. Accordingly, it is suggested that lab-
oratory experimentation focus on either chronic toxin
cally susceptible animals. A variety of in vivo and in
vitro tests may be necessary to relate the toxicity real-
ized in animals to what might be expected In man.
Wide species differences with respect to the suscepti-
bility of particular target tissues must be taken into ac-
count to clearly apply the results to man. Similarly, spe-
cial characteristics of stressed and genetically suscep-
tible animals must be understood to avoid deceptive
results.
Keywords: 'Cardiovascular diseases, Development,
Epidemiology, Humans, Potable water, Reprints, *En-
vironmentar factors, Drinking water, Health risks, NTI-
SEPAORD.
PB81-213795 PC A02/MF A01
Airborne Radiological Sampling of Mount St
Helens Plumes,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Vernon E. Andrews. Apr 81,20p ORP-LVF-81 -2
Participate and gaseous samples for radlologlal analy-
ses were collected from the plumes created by erup-
tions of Mount St. Helens. The sampling aircraft and
equipment used are routinely employed In aerial radio-
logical surveillance at the Nevada Test Site by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Laboratory In Las Vegas, Nevada. An
Initial sample set was collected on April 4,1980, during
the period of recurring minor eruptions. Samples were
collected again on May 19 and 20 following the major
eruption of May 18. The Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Radiation Programs analyzed the
samples for uranium and thorium Isotopes, radium-
226, lead-210, polonium-210, and radon-222. Other
laboratories analyzed samples to determine particle
size distribution and elemental composition. The only
samples containing radioactivity above normal ambi-
ent levels were collected on May 20. Polonium-210
concentrations in the plume, determined from *
sample collected between 5 and 30 km from the
crater, were approximately an order of magnitude
above background. Radon-222 concentrations in sam-
ples collected from the plume centerline at a distance
of 15 km averaged approximately four times the aver-
age surface concentrations. The small increases in ra-
dioactivity would cause no observable adverse health
effects.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Air pollution,
•Mount Saint Helens, Plumes, Particle size distribu-
tion, Aerial surveys, Sampling, Uranium, Thorium,
Radium, Lead(Metal), Polonium, Radon,
Concentration(Composition), Volcanic ejecta.
PB81-214108 PC A03/MF AOl
Update on the Cost-Effectiveness of Inspection
and Maintenance. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Emission Control Technology Dlv.
Tom Darlington. Apr 81,31 p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -9
Inspection/maintenance cost effectiveness was mod-
eled by having an example fleet of one million vehicle
(gasoline light-duty vehicle only) participate for flv«
years in a hypothetical I/M program starting in 1983.
The design of the hypothetical I/M program was typi-
cal of programs now being implemented. Total costs
were determined by adding together repair costs and
inspection costs for the five year period, then subtract-
ing fuel savings attributable to the I/M program for the
five year period. Inspection and repair costs were esti-
mated using data from currently operating and planned
programs. Emission reductions were obtained using
MOBILE 2 (EPA's model for predicting the emission
behavior of a fleet of vehicles with and without I/M) to
estimate the masses of HC and CO emissions that
would be removed during the five year period by the
hypothetical I/M program.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Inspection, 'Maintenance,
Cost effectiveness, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution,
Statistical data, 'Light duty vehicles, NTISEPAMAP.
1110 Vol.83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
t PC A02/MF A01
•raining for Inspection and Maintenance Pro-
gram*. Technical rapt
Swonmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
•Pectlon and Maintenance Staff.
Audrey F. Chijner. Apr 81, 17p EPA-AA-IMS-81-14
Jha successful implementation of an inspection/main-
wnance program requires that certain people undergo
•raining. The purpose of this report is to provide guid-
"]<* to I/M program administrators on the develop-
"jwt of training for inspectors, auditors, investigators,
*™ mechanics. The report will review the experiences
«ia problems encountered by currently operating I/M
programs and provide recommendations as to course
°°ntent and coordination of training efforts.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Inspection, 'Maintenance,
'•ersonnel development, Maintenance personnel, Vo-
cational guidance, Project planning, NTISEPAMAP.
Mll-214249 PC A08/MF A01
Emlmlon Reduction Credit*: A Hand-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Janei, 165pEPA-230/3-81-002
38*™ Presented at the Conference on Brokering
emission Reduction Credits held at the Washington
"Mon Hotel on January 26, 1981 .
£°ntrolled trading allows industry and individuals to
JJOtlt from pollution control by allowing plants to de-
crease emissions below required levels and obtain
mate-approved credit for the reduction. They can then
"•e these emission reduction credits (ERCs) them-
•"yes or sell to other firms. The Brokers' Handbook
includes: a description of EPA's Controlled Trading
;*r°flram; an examination of the potential benefits
available to firms contemplating ERG transactions and
"•xploration of the many services ERC brokers could
Perform; a case study of one California firm's brokering
experience; an examination of how brokers can deter-
mine supply and demand for ERCs and for brokers in a
wen area; a discussion of options trading in ERCs;
"id an examination of tax considerations related to
""S financing, creation, banking, and use of ERCs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sales manage-
rn*nt, Meetings, Profits, Cost engineering, Air pollution
control, Industrial plants, Marketing, Taxes, Financing,
Commerce, 'Emission reduction credits, NTISE-
pAOPE.
£681-214298 PC A13/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
gfta Reduction Techniques for Aerosol Size DIs-
Jfibutton Measuring Instruments. Progress rept,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Particle Technology
L
Abde Kapadia. Jun 80, 297p PUB-413, ESRL-RTP-481
grant EPA-R-804600
Doctoral thesis.
pata reduction methods for the electrical aerosol ana-
taer (EAA) and the diffusion battery+condensation
nuclei counter (DB+CNC) are presented. Both the
EAA and DB+CNC can be modeled by the Fredholm
integral Equation of the First Kind. Thus, the data re-
duction methods for both the instruments are similar.
"he data reduction methods for both the instruments
were analyzed with simulated and experimental data.
For the EAA, the comparison between the different
data reduction methods for the number distribution Is
excellent The agreement between the number distri-
bution retrieved by the three data reduction methods
'or the DB+CNC was found to be good. Finally, it was
shown that for large number mean diameters, the re-
sponse of the diffusion battery does not change signifi-
cantly with a considerable change in the dispersion pa-
rameter, sigma(g). Thus, the resolution of sigma(g)
with the diffusion battery is poor.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Monitors, 'Air
Pollution, Aerosols, Calibrating, Exhaust emissions,
Concentratlon(Composition), Thesis, Electric batter-
ies, Diffusion coefficient, *Alr pollution detection.
PB81-214579 PC A04/MF A01
MAXDOSE-EPA: A Computerized Method for Esti-
mating Individual Doses From a High-Level Radio-
active Waste Repository,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Barry L Serini, and Bruce Smith. May 81,75p EPA/
520/4-81-006
The MAXDOSE-EPA computer code is a methodology
developed by the Office of Radiation Programs to esti-
mate the potential radiation doses from accidental re-
leases of radionuclides from a repository for high-level
radioactive wastes sited in deep geologic media. The
code is intended to be applicable to a generic reposi-
tory. The model parameters describing the character-
istics of the repository and its environment can be
varied to show the effects of different characteristics.
This report describes the equations used to obtain the
radionuclide concentrations in the environment and to
calculate radiation doses to man via inhalation of air
and ingestlon of water, milk, crops, beef, and fish. A
listing of the code, an input guide, and a sample prob-
lem are Included. The code Is written In Fortran, re-
quires less than 200 K storage, and runs In less than
30 seconds. The code calculates the maximum dose
and makes many conservative assumptions that short-
en the run time to under 30 seconds.
Keywords: 'Computer programs, Radioactive Iso-
topes, Radiation hazards, Fortran, 'Radiation doses,
•High-level radioactive wastes, Radioactive waste
storage, MAXDOSE-EPA computer code, Radionu-
clide migration, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-214769 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Alternative Pollution
Control Technologies: Wet Process and Insulation
Board Subcategories of the Timber Products In-
dustries. Final technical rept.
Little (Arthur 0.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jan 81,92p EPA-440-2-80-089
The Economic Impact Analysis Assessment of the
Hardboard/lnsulatlon board industry is a support doc-
ument for the effluent limitations (Best Available Tech-
nology, Pretreatment Standard for Existing Source,
Pretreatment Standards for New Source, New Source
Performance Standards) promulgated pursuant to
Sections 301,304 and 306 of the Clean Water Act, on
January 7,1981. The report Includes an industry char-
acterization (processes, market structure and financial
information), industry costs from compliance from the
effluent limitations and an economic impact analysis
for existing and new sources resulting from the effluent
limitation. Wet process hardboard Is made from inter-
felted wood fiber, using a wet forming and either a wet
or dry pressing process. Hardboard products include
interior paneling, exterior siding and industrial use
products. There are 16 wet process plant operated by
11 producers. In 1976, the median, after-tax profit for a
200-mlllion-square foot wet process hardboard plant
was about 7%; the Industry range was from 1 % to
13%.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Economic
impact, 'Insulating boards, Assessments, Technology,
Standards, Regulations, 'Handboards, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, Best technology, Wet methods.
PB81-214900 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Solid Waste: Methodology for Evaluation. Volume
I: Tests for Potential Mobility of Toxic Compo-
nents as Leachates,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. M. McKown. J. S. Warner, R. M. Rlggin, M. P. Miller,
and R. E. Heffelflnger. Jan 81,136p
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
See also Volume 2, PB81 -214918.
Battelle Columbus Laboratories conducted this re-
search program to develop a method for assessing po-
tential mobility of organic compounds from a waste co-
disposed in a municipal landfill. Inorganic constituents
were monitored to provide a basis for comparison with
previous research In the field using distilled water, 0.6
N acetic acid titration (extraction procedure-EP), and
other leaching media. A literature survey and contacts
with key scientists served as the basis for assessing
state-of-the-art leachate research. A quality assurance
study to assess the precision and accuracy of analyti-
cal methods to be used to evaluate the leachates and
wastes was conducted prior to Initiation of leachate re-
search. An interiaboratory comparison study of poten-
tial mobility procedure developed by Battelle and the
total content method developed by Southern Re-
search Institute (SoRI) was performed Jointly by both
laboratories. The ink pigment and still bottoms wastes
were used for the interiaboratory comparison of the
methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the
various analytical methods used throughout the pro-
gram to determine metals and organics are discussed
in detail. It was concluded that the leaching procedure
and analytical methods used meet all of the original
objectives of the program including feasibility of imple-
mentation at a cost of under $1850 per sample.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Organic
compounds, 'Chemical analysis, Methodology, Leach-
ing, Quality assurance, Comparison, Transport proper-
ties, Metals, Sampling, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Extraction, 'Solid wastes, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, State of the art, Procedures.
PB81-214918 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Solid Waste: Methodology for Evaluation. Volume
II: Analysis of Residual Wastes. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Herbert C. Miller, Ruby H. James, and Walter R.
Dickson. Dec80,349p
Contract EPA-68-02-2685
See also Volume 1, PB81 -214900.
This report presents the results of a program of eval-
uation of analytical methods for Total Content' of re-
sidual wastes. Candidate methods were first studied
and modified, and then evaluated by analyzing a varie-
ty of Industrial residuals for a broad range of organic
compounds and metals. The results, based on statisti-
cal analysis of over 10,000 data points, are quoted pri-
marily In terms of observed accuracy and precision.
The methods depend on extraction, gel permeation
chromatography cleanup, preconcentration, and GC/
MS analysis lor identification and quantitatlon of semi-
volatile organics; purge-and-trap and GC/MS for pur-
geable organics; ana acid digestion combined with
AAS or ICP determinations for metals. An edited text of
the evaluated methods is presented In the format
specified by EMSL-Clncinnati for standard methods as
an appendix to this report. Southern Research Institute
and Battelle-Columbus Laboratories exchanged meth-
odologies developed for Total Content and Potential
Me Jility and applied these procedures to the analyses
of samples in an interiaboratory study. Results of
SoRI's contribution to the Interiaboratory study are
presented in the appendices to this report.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, Residues, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Organic compounds,
Extraction, Methodology, Sampling, Leaching, 'Solid
wastes, Gel permeation chromatography, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB81-215428 PC AM/MF A01
Protective Action Evaluation. Part I. The Effective-
ness of Sheltering as a Protective Action Against
Nuclear Accidents Involving Gaseous Releases.
Final rept,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
George H. Anno, and Michael A. Dore. Apr 78,116p
EPA-520/1-78-001A
Based on a study to assess the application and utility
of sheltering and evacuation as specific protective
measures in the event of accidental releases of gase-
ous radioactive material from nuclear power plants,
this report is the first of two that deal specifically with
the effectiveness of public shelter structures. The
second report evaluates both sheltering and evacua-
tion protection measures from the standpoint of pro-
viding technical guidance In formulating emergency
planning procedures.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Airborne
wastes, 'Radioactive protection, 'Fallout shelters, Nu-
clear power plants, Radioactive wastes, Gamma rays,
Radiation hazards, 'Radiation accidents, 'Radioactive
aerosols, Reactor accidents, Emergency plan, NTISE-
PAORP.
PB81-215444 PC A02/MF A01
Recommendations Regarding the Selection of
Idle Emission Outpoints for Inspection and Main-
tenance Programs Requiring Only Carbon Monox-
ide Emission Reductions. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
December 1983 1111
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Susan Vintllla. May 81,15p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -13
See also PB81-188922.
This report is a supplement to EPA-AA-IMS/81-1,
'Recommendations Regarding the Selection of Idle
Emission Inspection Outpoints for Inspection and
Maintenance Programs', which was developed as a
part of EPA's Model Program guidance. The original
report described methods for selecting HC and CO
outpoints given an Idle emission data base, and recom-
mended specific HC and CO outpoints by model year
groupings for desired program failure rates. The rec-
ommended outpoints In the original report were Intend-
ed for use In I/M programs In areas which require only
HC, or both HC and CO, emission reduction In order to
attain the National Ambient Air Qualify Standard for
ozone, or ozone and CO. This report Is intended to aid
I/M programs which only require CO reductions In the
selection of outpoints, prediction of failure rates, and
estimation of I/M emission benefits. Its recommenda-
tions are therefore applicable to I/M In areas that have
already attained the ozone standard or that are pro-
tected to attain the ozone standard by 1962 without I/
M.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Performance evaluation, Inspection, Mainte-
nance, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-216451 PC A04/MF A01
Protective Action Evaluation. Part II. Evacuation
•nd Sheltering a* Protective Action* Against Nu-
clear Accidents Involving Osseous Release*. Final
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
George H. Anno, and Michael A. Dore. Apr 78,73p
EPA-520/1-78-001B
Based on a study to assess the application and utility
of sheltering and evacuation as specific protective
measures In the event of accidental releases of gase-
ous radioactive material from nuclear power plants,
this report is the second of two parts that deal specifi-
cally with the effectiveness of sheltering and evacua-
tionas protective actions. The first report focused on
the benefits of sheltering and this report compares the
relative merits of evacuation and sheltering for vari-
ations of basic conditions.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor accidents, 'Airborne
wastes, 'Radiation protection, 'Fallout shelters,
*Evacuating(Transportatlon), Nuclear power plants,
Radioactive wastes, Gamma rays, Radiation hazards,
'Radiation accidents, 'Radioactive aerosols, Reactor
accidents, Emergency plan, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-215899 PC A06/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Qastall Device Under Sec-
tion 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Co*t Saving* Act Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Feb 81,123p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-8
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Qastell' device under provisions of
section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act. On November 11, 1979, the EPA re-
ceived a request from Automotive Devices, Inc. for
evaluation ot a fuel saving device termed 'Qastell'.
This device is designed to provide the vehicle operator
visual and audible Indications of Inefficient engine op-
erating conditions so that the fuel-conscious drivers
can modify their driving habits to obtain Improved effi-
ciency. An evaluation has been made and the results
are described In this report.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Warning
systems, Acceleration, Efficiency, Performance eval-
uation, GASTELL device, Driving habits.
PB81-216923 PC A02/MF A01
Some Application* of Locomotor Response In
Pollution Effect* Monitoring. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Don C. Miller. 1980,10p EPA-600/J-80-287, ERLN-
J158
Pub. in Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 179,
p154-181 1980.
The potential for behavioral tests In a pollutant effects
aquatic monitoring program is discussed. Various
types of Individual and Inter-lndlvldual behavioral re-
sponses are noted, but emphasis is placed on individ-
ual behaviors since they are of a lees complex nature
and may be easier to use routinely. Measurement of
undirected (nonslmulated) locomotor activity may pro-
vide an Index of neuromotor function. Locomotor re-
sponses to specific external stimuli may also be uti-
lized to test specific motor and sensory capacities. Lo-
comotor activity has been employed extensively In
mammalian behavlorlal toxicology, this parameter may
also be valuable with aquatic organisms. This paper re-
views past and some current research on the effects
of pollutants on the locomotion In aquatic organisms,
examining In some detail undirected activity, photore-
sponses, thermal regulatory responses and rheotaxls.
Several criteria are cited to evaluate behavioral tests
for monitoring purposes and some research needs In
this area are enumerated.
Keywords: 'Behavior, Water pollution, Responses,
Aquatic animals, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effectsjAnlmals), Monitoring, 'Locomotor, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-216046 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Compatibility of Source Separation and Mlxed-
Waate Processing for Resource Recovery. Final
rept.,
Gilbert Associates, Inc., Reading, PA.
M. G. Klett, W. H. Fischer, B. N. Murthy, H. H. Fiedler,
and L. M. Ollva. Jun 81,194p EPA-800/2-81 -097
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
Prepared In cooperation with Resource Planning Asso-
ciates, Washington, DC., and Crystal Planning and
Communications, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Existing source separation programs and mixed-waste
processing facilities were analyzed to develop typical
options for assessment. Source separation options in-
clude high-efficiency multi-material recovery, low-effi-
ciency multi-material recovery, high-efficiency news-
print recovery, low-efficiency newsprint recovery, and
beverage container recoveries. Mixed-waste process-
ing alternatives Included unprocessed combined
waste combustion and ferrous recovery, processed
combined waste combustion and ferrous recovery,
refuse-derived fuel production and ferrous recovery,
and modular incineration. The analysis considered the
viewpoints of the mixed-waste plant operator, the mu-
nicipality, and the nation. Within four broad areas of
concern (energy and materials conservation, environ-
mental impacts, institutional and technological im-
pacts, and economic impacts), Issues identified as
most important for each viewpoint are assessed for
each combination of options and alternatives. Among
the Issues addressed are changes in production of
useful energy from a mixed-waste processing facility,
air, land, and water pollution emissions, contractors'
employment, operator profitability, total solid waste
collection costs, and quantities of recycled materials.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Recirculation, As-
sessments, Materials recovery, Substitutes, Compari-
son, Environmental Impacts, Economics, Technology,
'Source separation method, 'Mixed-waste processing
method, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-216368 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance and Cata-
lyst Replacement on Exhaust Emissions from
Eight Very High Mileage Passenger Car* In 8t.
Loul*. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. Jun 79,19p EPA-AA-TAEB-79-10
The purpose of this effect is to gather Information on
catalyst-equipped passenger cars which have exceed-
ed their defined 'useful life'. The following areas were
to be addressed: (1) Emission performance in as-re-
ceived condition, (2) Extent of malperformance in the
emission control system, (3) Capability of restorative
maintenance in reduction of emission levels, (4) Effec-
tiveness of both old and new catalysts on emission
levels. A total of eight catalyst-equipped passenger
cars were procured from private owners in the St.
Louis area. Vehicles of each of the three major domes-
tic manufacturers were chosen to constitute the test
fleet. The actual vehicles were sought to obtain a gen-
eral representation of popular models and engines
with the final selection based on odometer reading.
Each vehicle was subjected to a prescribed series of
tests, inspections and maintenance actions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Catalytic converters, Mainte-
nance, Inspection, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-216426 PC A03/MF A01
A Strategy for Small Alternative Wa*t*water Sys-
tem* (SAWS). Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DO.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Dec80,46p
The objective of this Strategy paper Is the develop-
ment of a comprehensive planning and management
approach to promote the use of and Improve the pe>-
formance of small alternative wastewater systems
(SAWS). This Strategy covers a wide range of techno-
logical and managerial approaches to meet the
wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal need*
of small communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Substitutes, Manage-
ment planning, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic proc-
esses, Soils, Absorption, Filtration, Sites, Technology-
Water supply, 'Sewage disposal, 'Water quality, Phys-
ical chemical treatment, Land disposal.
PB61-216622 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MM.
Montlcello Ecological Research Station.
Reipon** of Phytoplankton to Acidification In Ex-
perimental Stream*. Master's thesis,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Thomas Walter Weber, II. Jun 81,52pEPA-600/3-81-
042
In order to examine the response of stream phyto-
plankton communities to acidification, three artificial
streams along the Mississippi River were sampled at
biweekly Intervals. This study took place at Montlcello,
Minnesota, during late spring-early summer, 1979.
One stream served as a control with an ambient pH of
8.1, and two streams were maintained at pH 6.3 and
5.3 by the addition of sulfuric acid. The streams provid-
ed a unique replicate system whereby physical and
chemical parameters could be controlled and contin-
ually monitored In a field situation. The phytoplankton
samples were filtered onto membrane filters and the
constituent phytoplankton species were enumerated.
The diversity of phytoplankton was similar throughout
all three pH regimes. However, phytoplankton commu-
nity similarity decreased over the course of the six
week experimental period. Blomass, measured by in
vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and as the density of the
algal cells, showed a similar pattern. The pattern of
algal community development differed across the pH
treatments. The phytoplankton at pH 6.3 and 8.1 at-
tained their maximum biomass during the first month of
sampling (June). There Is a lag In the population
maxima of phytoplankton at pH 5.3, possibly due to a
slower division rate caused by a less than Ideal pH en-
vironment. Species composition was nearly identical
across the pH range, dominated by diatoms In each
stream. The most extreme pH value, pH 5.3, seemed
to be a sublethal value for the diatoms existing there.
Keywords: ' Phytoplankton, 'Acidification, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Sampling, Responses, Mississippi River, pH, Sul-
furic acid, Plants(Botany), Biomass, Streams, Water
pollution, Reviews, In vivo analysis,
Monticello(Mlnnesota), 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-216848 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fugitive Emission Source* and Batch Operation*
In Synthetic Organic Chemical Production. Final
rept.,
IT Envlrosclence, Knoxvllle, TN.
Dwight G. Erikson, Parrel D. Hobbs, Owen D. Ivins,
Victor Kalcevic, and William L. Troxler. May 81.94p
EPA-600/2-81-083
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This survey report was developed for the EPA for use
in assessing the potential magnitude of fugitive volatile
organic compound (VOC) emissions from agitator
seals, cooling towers and batch operations in the pro-
1112 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Auction of 378 designated chemicals. The information
Presented in this report has been developed based on
f. review of the available open literature. Included in
"118 review were published articles and reports, select-
ep state air emission inventory questionnaires, and trip
reports from visits to specific plant sites. Information
on the type of operation, i.e., batch or continuous, and
™je Quantity of specific fugitive source types associat-
•o with each process was evaluated and overall indus-
"7 estimates were made. Tabular groupings were de-
veloped and are presented for each of the designated
cnemicals in Part A of this report. A qualitative assess-
ment of miscellaneous fugitive VOG emissions unique
» batch operations is presented in Part B of this
report.
feywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical industry,
*» pollution, Surveys, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Methodology, Sources,
""ugitive emissions, Volatile organic compounds.
PB81-217036 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
h*l-
{jyalcal Properties and Leach Testing of Solldl-
fleoVStablllzed Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes.
jwmy Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
owg, MS. Environmental Lab.
JU'81,173pEPA-600/2-81-116
Results of testing to determine the physical properties
and chemical leaching characteristics of five different
)^e gas cleaning (FGC) sludges and the stabilized/so-
TOIfied products from five commercially available treat-
ment processes are reported. This study suggests that
folWification/stabilizatton of FGC wastes may be a
feasible method of reducing their pollutant potential in
•andfilllng. However, a great deal more study is neces-
*ary before the behavior of treated FGC sludges under
actual field conditions can be adequately understood.
: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal, Air
control, Flue gases, Physical properties,
— , Earth fills, Electric power plants, Solidifica-
tion, Stabilization, Gypsum, Calcium oxides, Lime-
stone, NTISEPAORD.
JB81-217077 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Ohio, Water Year 1980.
Volume 2. St Lawrence River Basin. Water-data
rept, (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Columbus, OH. Water Resources
QiV.
Apr 81,268p USGS-WRD-OH-80-2, USGS/WRD/HD-
81/038
See also Volume 2, dated 1979, PB81-105397.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Ohio
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage and contents, and water quality of
[akes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity ol groundwater wells. This report in two volumes
and one appendix contains records for water dis-
charge at 169 gaging stations; stage and contents at
39 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 57 gaging sta-
tions and 83 wells; and water levels at 183 observation
wells. Also included are data from 84 crest-stage par-
tial-record stations; 91 low-flow partial-record stations,
and 537 coal hydrology synoptic sites. Additional water
data were collected at various sites not involved in the
systematic data-collection program and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Ohio.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Ohio,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, Saint Lawrence River Basin, 'Water quality data,
Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-217473 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Restorative Maintenance Retestlng
of Passenger Cars In Detroit Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. Jan 79,41 p EPA-AA-TEB-79-5
The report describes the results of an exhaust emis-
sion testing program in which twenty-seven vehicles
received prescribed sequences of testing, corrective
maintenance, and retesting at different time intervals.
The purpose of this program was to study the effects
of age and mileage on emission levels, control system
durability and ultimate restorability.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Passenger vehicles,
Maintenance, Automobiles, Tests, NTISEPAMAP.
PB81-217630 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Aspects of Fluldlzed-Bed Combus-
tion. Final rept. Jan-Dec 80,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
J. M. Robinson, R. J. Kindya, C. W. Young, R. R. Hall,
and P. Fennelly. Apr 81,80p GCA-TR-80-108-G, EPA-
600/7-81-075
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report reviews the environmental aspects of f luid-
ized-bed combustion (FBC) with respect to environ-
mental media and specific pollutants. Emissions data
indicate that FBC technology is a viable alternative to
conventional coal combustion. Adverse impacts on
health or the environment appear to be minimal; at
worst, they'are no different than for conventional coal
combustion systems. To support this conclusion, spe-
cific results of FBC sampling and analysis from work
performed through late 1979 are discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fluidized bed
processing, Technology, Industrial wastes, Reviews,
Sampling, Water pollution, Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Bioassays, Solid wastes, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-217648 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Relative Environmental Hazards
from a Coal Qaslfler. Final rept. Nov 76-Apr 81,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. K. Gangwal, J. G. Cleland, and R. S. Truesdale. Jun
81,108p RTI/1934/00-02F, EPA-600/7-81-100
Grant EPA-R-804979
The report gives results of an evaluation of relative en-
vironmental hazards from a laboratory-scale coal gasi-
fler. Detailed chemical analyses of four effluent
streams (gas, aqueous condensate, tar, and ash) were
performed for more than 30 gasification runs on a vari-
ety of coals, from lignite to bituminous. It briefly de-
scribes the gasification reactor, the associated sam-
pling and analysis system, problems encountered with
analyses, and special techniques for analyzing com-
plex samples. Relative environmental hazards were
determined using the Multimedia Environmental Goals
methodology. Toxicity and mutagenicity were as-
sessed using bioassay data. More than 400 effluent
stream constituents were identified. Environmentally,
the most significant effluent stream is aqueous con-
densate, followed by tar, product gas, and ash. Howev-
er, on an equivalent weight basis, the tar stream is
more toxic and mutagenic than aqueous condensate.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic bases
are the most mutagenic fractions of the tar. Coal pyrol-
ysis and gasification at higher temperatures leads to
reduced tar mutagenicity. The most environmental sig-
nificant constituents (by stream) are: (1) product gas-
CO, benzene, H2S, and carbonyl sulflde; (2) aqueous
condensate-phenol/cresols/xylenols (PCX), NH3,
sulfides, thiocyanates, CN, As, and chlorides; and (3)
ash-As. Ni, Be, and Se.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Bioassay,
Toxicity, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Performance
evaluation. Carbon monoxide. Benzene, Hydrogen sul-
fide, Phenol, Cresols, Xylenols, Chemical reactors, Se-
lenium, Barium, Nickel, Ammonium, Sulfides, Thio-
cyanates, Cyanides, Arsenic, Chlorides, Carbonyl sul-
fide, Environmental hazards, 'Toxic substances, NTI-
SEPAORD.
PB81-217655 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Emissions from Residential Wood
Burning by Combustion Modification. Final rept.
Jun79-Nov80.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
John M. Allen, and W. Marcus Cooke. May 81,10Op
EPA-600/7-81-091
Contract EPA-68-02-2686
The report describes an exploratory study of factors
contributing to atmospheric emissions from residential
wood-fired combustion equipment. Three commercial
appliances were operated with both normal and modi-
fied designs, providing different burning modes: up-
draft with a grate, updraft with a hearth, crossdraft,
downdraft, and a high-turbulence mode utilizing a
forced-draft blower. Fuels were naturally dried com-
mercial oak cordwood, commercial green pine cord-
wood, oven-dried fir brands, and naturally dried oak cut
into reproducible triangles. Continuous measurements
of stack gases included O2, CO2, CO, NO, S02, and
total hydrocarbons (FID) as an indication of the total
organic species in the stack gases during batch type
operation. Several combustion modification tech-
niques were identified which have an appreciable
effect on emission factors and, therefore, can be de-
veloped and applied to reduce emissions In consumer
use. The more promising design modifications include:
prevention of heating the inventory of wood within the
stove but not yet actively burning, focusing the air
supply into the primary burning area with high turbu-
lence, and increasing the temperatures in the second-
ary burning regions of the appliances.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Wood, Stores, Com-
bustion products, Revisions, Residential buildings,
Equipment, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Sulfur dioxide, Hydrocarbons,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-217663 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Test of an Eddy Currant Separator for ths Recov-
ery of Aluminum from Municipal Waste. Test No.
5.01, Recovery 1, New Orleans. Final rept.
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Jul 81.29p EPA-600/2-81-117
Contract EPA-68-01 -4423
The report documents three series of test runs (collec-
tively, Test No. 5.01) of the eddy current separator that
recovers principally aluminum cans from a processed
p- rtion of municipal refuse at the New Orleans Re-
source Recovery Project (Recovery 1). The objectives
were to measure differences in efficiency and product
rate which accompany an acceleration in AIMag
throughput, i.e., test points of 2, 3, and 4 tph, respec-
tively. The output streams of the eddy current separa-
tor from each test run were analyzed for aluminum-can
content in three can-shape categories; the product
stream was also analyzed for four categories of con-
tamination. The efficiency of the eddy current separa-
tor in recovering each shape category of aluminum
cans, as well as product purity, was determined for
each test run and averaged for each test point.
Keywords: 'Separators, 'Materials recovery. Alumi-
num, Cans, Tests, Separation, 'Eddy current separa-
tors, Municipal wastes, Waste processing, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-217671 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Further Testing of an Eddy Currant Separator for
the Recovery of Aluminum from Municipal Wast*.
Tsst No. 5.02, Recovery 1, New Orleans.
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Jul 81.31p EPA-600/2-81-118
Contract EPA-68-01 -4423
The report documents three series of test runs (collec-
tively, Test No. 5.02) of the eddy current separator that
recovers mainly aluminum cans from a processed por-
tion of municipal refuse at the New Orleans resource
recover prelect (Recovery 1). This was accomplished
by holding the feed rate constant and varying the belt
speed to convey the fixed amount of material through
the magnetic field faster or slower. For comparison,
there is also one test run at each belt speed with only
aluminum feed cans as the feedstock. The output
streams of the eddy current separator from each test
were analyzed for aluminum can content In three can-
shape categories; the product stream was also ana-
lyzed for contamination. The efficiency of the eddy cur-
rent separator in recovering each can-shape category
as well as product purity were determined for each test
run.
December 1983 1113
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Separators, 'Materials recovery, 'Alumi-
num, Cans, Tests, Separation, 'Eddy current separa-
tors, Municipal wastes, Waste processing, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-217689 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance of an Air Classifier to Remove Light
Organic Contamination from Aluminum Recov-
ered from Municipal Waste by Eddy Current Sepa-
ration. Test No. 5.03, Recovery 1, New Orleans.
Final rept.
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Jul 81,26p EPA-600/2-81 -119
Contract EPA-68-01-4423
The report describes a test in which aluminum cans re-
covered from municipal waste, together with known
amounts of contaminant, were processed by a 'zig-
zag' vertical air classifier to remove aerodynamically
light contaminant. Twelve test runs were conducted;
the proportions of contaminant were varied and ma-
chine performance observed. For each run, the two
output streams of the air classifier were analyzed to
find the amount of aluminum cans and contaminant re-
porting to lights and heavies. The efficiency of the ma-
chine was found to vary with contaminant loading and
air flow rate. Results of these analyses, a description
of the equipment under test, and a discussion of econ-
mic factor which pertain to the use of this device in an
aluminum recovery system are included in this report.
Keywords: 'Classifiers, 'Materials recovery, 'Alumi-
num, Organic wastes, Separation, Tests, Air classifi-
ers, Waste processing, Municipal wastes, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-217697 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Test of a Double-Deck Vibrating Screen Employed
as an Aluminum and Glass Concentrator. Test No.
5.07, Recovery 1, New Orleans. Final rept.,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Perry M. Bagalman, and Kelly Runyon. Jul 81,65p
EPA-600/2-81-120
Contract EPA-68-01 -4423
The report documents a performance test, at nominal
design conditions, of the double-deck vibrating screen
at Recovery 1 that separates the 'heavies' from air
classification of scalped primary trommel unders into
an overs stream that is discarded, a middlings stream
that is the feedstock for the aluminum recovery sub-
module and an unders stream that is the feedstock for
the glass recovery submodule. Three test runs were
conducted at the nominal design throughput capacity
of the primary trommel, 62.5 tph. Samples of the three
output streams from the doubledeck vibrating screen
were analyzed for bulk density, moisture content, parti-
cle size, and composition; screening efficiencies, by
refuse component, were determined.
Keywords: 'Vibrating screens, 'Concentrators, 'Size
screening, 'Materials recovery, 'Aluminum, 'Glass,
Tests, Municipal wastes, Waste processing, NTISE-
PAORD.
PB81-218315 PC A04/MF A01
An Evaluation of the Hewlett-Packard S993B Gas
Chrpmatograph-Mass Spectrometer,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Denis L. Foerst. Jun 81,53p EPA-600/4-81 -043
This report gives the results of an evaluation of a Hew-
lett-Packard Model 5993B computerized gas chro-
matograph/mass spectrometer. The evaluation was
done according to the procedures found in EPA re-
search report number EPA-600/4-80-025, 'Perform-
ance Tests for the Evaluation of Computerized Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Equipment and
Laboratories. Changes in the 'Performance Test'
specifications for the BFB spectrum validation test
have been made and are noted in the results for Tests
1 and 8. The system performed satisfactorily during
the evaluation and is acceptable for the analyses of or-
ganic compound using methods similar to EPA Meth-
ods 624 and 625. The HP-5993B system produced
valid mass spectra, exhibited good to excellent stabili-
ty, and gave a satisfactory detection limit. The preci-
sion and accuracy for external or internal quantitation
using direct sample injection or purge and trap were
excellent. Both 14 AMU and PBS mass spectral library
searches were accurate; however, the search times
using the PBS library search were longer than the re-
quirements 'Performance Tests'. Some problems, par-
ticularly with brominated compounds, were discovered
during this evaluation. The manufacturer corrected the
instrument to alleviate these problems.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrosco-
py, 'Water analysis, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Ions, Water pollution. Chemical analysis, Sedi-
ments, Bromine organic compounds, 'Computer aided
analysis, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water quality,
EPA method 624, EPA method 625, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-218323 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Filter Treatment of Heat
Treatment Liquor. Final rept. Nov 76-Dec 79.
Hydroscience, Inc., Westwood, NJ.
Jul 81,116p EPA-600/2-81-114
Contract EPA-68-03-2484
This investigation was undertaken to demonstrate the
application of the anaerobic filter in the treatment of
liquor waste resulting from heat treatment of raw
sludge in municipal sewage treatment plants. The
liquor which contains high concentrations of soluble
wastes is often returned to the heat end of a plant,
where it can impose an additional load on the plant's
operation and reduce its efficiency. Two pilot anaero-
bic filter columns were operated over a period of 18
months at the Muddy Creek Plant of the Metropolitan
Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati. Operational data
demonstrated high levels of BOD and COD removals
from the raw heat treatment liquor. The generated gas
contained 65 to 70 percent methane. Based on the
pilot column studies, a suggested design and costs for
an anaerobic filter unit were developed. These costs
were compared to costs of other means of treatment
such as the aerobic alternative. The anaerobic filter
process had lower capital and operating costs than
other modes of treatment. The gas produced was cal-
culated to provide fuel to maintain the temperature of
the filter at 35C, and provide additional capacity for
other plant uses. These calculations show a net profit
in operating costs. Further investigations to optimize
design configurations are suggested.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Filters, 'Heat
treatment, Concentration(Composition), Pilot plants,
Desing criteria, Performance evaluation, Operating
costs, Biochemical oxygen demand, "Sewage sludge,
'Liquid wastes, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB81-218331 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Behavioral Assays for Effects of Drilling Muds on
Marine Animals. Final rept. 1 Jul 78-31 Mar 80,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
Paul V. Hamilton. Jun 81,63p EPA-600/4-81-050
Grant EPA-R-806121
This report describes an electronic method for moni-
toring the shell movements and water pumping of bi-
valved molluscs, data on the influence of whole drilling
mud and other particulate materials on the shell move-
ments of scallops (obtained using the electronic moni-
tor), and a Submersible Monitoring Unit (SMU) for re-
cording these behaviors from bivalves held in field
conditions. The electronic monitor employs integrated
circuit chips and receives input from inductance trans-
ducer (shell movements) and thermistor (water pump-
ing) sensors. Whole drilling mud caused significantly
more major Rapid Valve Closures (RVC's) at concen-
trations of 400 ppm and higher, and a significantly
greater cumulative magnitude of all RVC's at 200 ppm
and higher. Barite, lignosulphonate and calcium car-
bonate revealed no clear dose-response relationship
for these two shell movement parameters, but all three
of these particulates produced similar patterns of
effect. The SMU is completely self-contained; a bat-
tery powered circuit and tape recorder permit record-
ing shell movement data on a magnetic tape, which is
later retrieved for analysis.
Keywords: 'Mollusca, 'Electrophysiologic recording,
'Behavior, 'Drilling fluids, Bioassay, Aquatic animals,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds,
Monitoring, Particulates, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-218349 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Water Temperature Dynamics In Experimental
Field Channels: Analysis and Modeling,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. St. Anthony Falls Hy-
draulic Lab. ,
Heinz G. Stefan, John Gulliver, Alex Y. Fu, and Michael
G. Hahn. Feb 81,191 p EPA-600/3-81 -008
Grants EPA-R-803686, EPA-R-804736
This study is on water temperature dynamics in the
shallow field channels of the USEPA Monticello Eco-
logical Research Station (MERS). The hydraulic and
temperature environment in the MERS channels was
measured and simulated to provide some background
for several biological studies at the Research Station,
including one of the effects of artificially high water
analysis of the temperature measurement problem,
the channel temperature regime, microhabitat condi-
tions, and temporal and spatial water temperature dy-
namics was essential for the investigation.
Keywords: *Channels(Waterways), 'Temperature
measurement, 'Invertebrates, 'Thermal pollution,
'Ecology, Fresh water fishes, Tolerances(Physiology)i
Cooling, Waste disposal, Streams, Hydraulics, Flow
rate, Roughness, Permeability, Diffusion, Soil proper-
ties, Rocks, Habitats, Riffles.
PB81-218489 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Test and Evaluation Report: D. H. Mitchell
Unit 2, Northern Indiana Public Services Co. Task
final Sep79-Mar 81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
R. A. Orsini, T. L Sarro, and J. A. Wilson. Apr 81,
118p*IERL-RTP-1204
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
The report gives results of a comprehensive multime-
dia emissions assessment on NIPSCo's Dean H.
Mitchell unit 11 boiler, equipped with an ESP for partic-
ulate control and a Wellman-Lord/Allied Chemical flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) system. Levels 1 and 2 pro-
cedures were used to characterize pollutant emissions
in gaseous, liquid, and solid waste streams. Flue gas
analyses indicated SO2 emissions of 266 ng/J after
89% removal by FGD. Primary sulfate emissions of
20.8 ng/J comprised 5 mole % of the total sulfur spe-
cies emitted. Average emissions of NOx (as NO2)
were 265 ng/J at the 70% boiler load maintained
during the test. CO emissions were estimated to be 16
ng/J, on the average, based on measurements at the
air heater inlet. Particulate emissions (exclusive of
H2SO4 aerosol) were 2.6 ng/J: 98% of the particles
were smaller than 3 micrometers in diameter. H2HO4
aerosol emissions were 3.7-10.4 ng/J, or more, and
were generally smaller than 0.5 micrometer in diame-
ter. Total organic emissions were 0.5-1.3 ng/J, con-
sisting primarily of C1-C6 compounds. POMs were not
detected at either the scrubber inlet or outlet. Concen-
trations of elements in flue gas after scrubbing were
below DMEGs and AMEGs in all cases. Elemental
concentrations in clarifier overflow, the only liquid
waste discharged from the site, did not exceed health
DMEGs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Boilers, 'Scrubbers, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Particles,
Sulfur oxides, Water pollution, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, 'Northern Indiana Public Service
Company, *Wellman process, Air pollution detection,
Solid wastes, Flue gas desulfurization, Emission fac-
tors, Fourier transform spectroscopy, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-218S05 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Classifying Solid Waste Disposal Facilities. Guid-
ance manual.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Jan 81,283p* EPA/SW-199C
Contract EPA-68-01-4767
1114 Vol.83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Guidance Manual for the Classification of Solid
yaste Disposal Facilities assists States in evaluating
existing solid waste disposal facilities. Evaluations are
"jade to identify those facilities which do not comply
with the 'Criteria for classification of Solid Waste Dis-
osal Facilities and Practices' (the Criteria). As defined
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976, facilities which do not comply with
riteria are 'open dumps'. Those facilities that
™j| evaluated by the States and found not to comply
™i
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Sur-
veys, Flue gases, Air filters, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Particles, Electrostatic precipitators,
Sorbents, Calcium oxides, Dry methods, Fabric filters,
Flue gas desulfurization, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-219024 PC A08/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities Under RCRA, Subtitle C, Section
3004.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 80,157pMS-1941.12
This document is one of a series providing supporMor
regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under Subtitle (C) of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The regula-
tions represent the initial effort for nationwide control
of hazardous waste from point of generation, through
transportation, treatment, and storage, to point of ulti-
mate disposal. This document covers standards appli-
cable to hazardous waste management facilities, with
'Interim Status'-that is, they were in existence on No-
vember 19, 1980 (the effective date of the regula-
tions), have notified EPA of their activities, and have
applied for a permit, which has not yet been proc-
essed. It covers storage of hazardous wastes in con-
tainers (Subpart I) and piles, (Subpart L).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, Con-
tainers, Standards, Storage, Leaking, Ground water,
Water pollution, 'Waste management, Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act Regulations, Solid wastes.
PB81-219032 PC A02/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Qas Melser I Under Section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,21 p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-1
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Gas Meiser I' device under provi-
sions of section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. On December 17, 1980, the
EPA received a request from Gas Meiser I. This device
is claimed to'.. .increase fuel economy by pre-heating
the fuel.' The device consists principally of a gasoline
hose wrapped around the vehicles's upper radiator
hose.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Gaso-
line, Heating equipment, Fuel hose, Performance eval-
uation, Gas Meiser I units.
PB81-219123 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineenng and Technology.
Evaluation of the Full-Scale Application of Anaer-
obic Sludge Digestion at the Blue Plains
Wastewater Treatment Facility, Washington, DC.
Final rept. Jan 80-Jan 81,
WAPORA, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Robert France, and Robert Stevens. Jun 81,179p*
EPA-600/2-81-105
Contract EPA-68-01 -5913
The mesophllic-thermophilic digestion process is a
new two-step concept for treating municipal waster-
water sludges. The first step operates under mesophi-
lic process conditions (digestion with anaerobic micro-
organisms that thrive at 90 to 100F). The second step
operates under thermophilic process conditions (di-
gestion with anaerobic microorganisms that thrive at
120 to 130F). Results at the Rockaway Pollution Con-
trol Plant in New York City indicate that the physical
characteristics of mesophllic-thermophilic sludge are
changed to the extent that the economics of dewater-
Ing are significantly improved. The evaluation at Blue
Plains concludes that (1) a limited expansion of di-
gester capacity is required to handle the entire sludge
stream; (2) digester gas would be available for sale to
outside interests after Internal heating requirements
were satisfied; and (3) the cost of sludge handling
could be reduced by $24 to $31 per million gallons of
influent flow (from $72/MG to $41 -48/MG). The analy-
sis also indicates that the improved characteristics of
the mesophllic-thermophilic digested sludge could
reduce chemical conditioning requirements so that the
cost would be almost $7/MG less than mesophilic di-
gestion and almost $4/MG less than thermophilic di-
gestion. Under the present circumstances, the thermo-
philic digestion option would require the least capital
expenditure and would be the most expedient, cost-ef-
fective solution to the sludge management problems
at Blue Plains.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, 'Anaerobic processes,
Thermophiles, Cost analysis, Tests, 'Sewage sludge,
NTISEPAORD.
PB81-219156 PC AOS/MF A01
Best Management Practices Guidance, Discharge
of Dredged or Fill Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Robert E. Thronson. Sep 79,100p EPA/440/3-79-
023, EPA/440/3-79-028
Before any decisions can be made regarding the dis-
charge of dredged or fill materials into waters of the
United States, all probable impacts and feasible alter-
native sites must be considered. This will include eval-
uation of such factors as the necessity for discharges;
sensitivity of the area to environmental impacts, both
long and short term; possible alternative sites or a
scheduling of operations; and effectiveness of avail-
able site-specific Best Management Practices to pre-
vent, or minimize the impacts. Discharges of dredged
or fill materials must comply with guidelines prepared
by the Administrator of EPA pursuant to Section 404
(p) (1) of Public Law 95-217. This 'Best Management
Practices Guidance' document has been prepared to
provide State and areawide water quality management
agencies, other State and Federal agencies, and the
concerned public with information on readily-available
processes, procedures, methods, and techniques that
can be used to minimize or prevent environmental im-
pacts that could result from the discharge of dredged
or fill materials. It has been written in a manner that the
reader does not have to be an expert in the discipline
to be able to understand what the problems are and
some of the solutions that are presently available.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution
cor trol, Sites, Environmental Impacts, Runoffs, Sedi-
ments, Turbidity, Water flow, Streams, Wetlands, Wa-
terways, 'Dredge spoil, 'Water quality, Solid wastes,
Best technology.
PB81-219339 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
New Hampshire and Vermont Point Source Inven-
tory Update for NECRMP. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Mahesh C. Shah, Sue Ellen Haupt, and John N.
McHenry.Apr81,32pGCA-TR-80-126-G, EPA-450/4-
81-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3510
The objective of this effort was to update the point
source emission inventories of New Hampshire and
Vermont for subsequent use in the Northeast Corridor
Regional Modeling Project (NECRMP). Sources meet-
ing the prescribed criteria were identified. Updated
data were obtained from the state agencies and proc-
essed into NEDS.
Keywords: 'New Hampshire, 'Vermont, 'Air pollution,
Reviews, State government, Sources, Regulations, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
'Emission inventories, 'Point sources, 'Northeast
Corridor Regional Modeling Project, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB81-219347 PC A03/MF A01
A Study of the Effectiveness of Mechanic Training
for Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Mainte-
nance Programs. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
R. Bruce Michael. Apr 81,35p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -11
This report describes a study to determine if a short,
practical training course for emissions repairs has a
supplementary emission reduction and fuel economy
benefit to an inspection and maintenance program.
The study was performed in the early part of 1980 in
Portland, Oregon. Two matched samples of 21 vehi-
cles each were sent to ten repair facilities before and
December 1983 1115
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
after the facilities received training. The experiment
was blind In that the ten repair facilities did not know
that the study was in progress or that the 42 vehicles
were In any way connected with EPA. The training
course used was a 16 hour course in repairing vehicles
which fail an idle emissions test. Vehicles were tested
before and after repairs on the Federal Test Procedure
and various short tests for emissions and fuel econo-
my. Contractor laboratory personnel then attempted to
restore the vehicles to their specifications and vehicles
were retested.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Maintenance personnel,
'Education, Performance evaluation, Specialized
training, Maintenance, Inspection, Learning curve.
PB81-219354 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL
Guidance for BAT-Equlvalent Control of Selected
Toxic Pollutants. Final rept,
Patterson Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL.
James W. Patterson. May 81,40p EPA-905/2-81 -003
Prepared In cooperation with Patterson Associates,
Chicago, IL.
This manual is intended to provide guidance to federal
and state NPDES permit and pretreatment staffs In de-
termining appropriate limitations for the discharge of
selected toxic pollutants in the wastewater from Indus-
trial facilities where applicable Effluent Guidelines reg-
ulations are not available. From his extensive knowl-
edge and comprehensive review of the treatment tech-
nology available to Industry, the author has deter-
mined, In his best professional judgement, the final ef-
fluent concentrations that can be achieved using his
estimate of best available technology (BAT) for the fol-
lowing toxic pollutants: arsenic, barium, cadmium, hex-
avalent chromium, total chromium, copper, cyanide,
fluoride, Iron, mercury, nickel, silver, and zinc. It is con-
cluded that, aside from a few extraordinary situations
Involving unusual chemical Interferences, the treatabil-
tty levels provided in the manual should be applicable,
Independent of Industrial category.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Manuals, Point
sources, Technology, Industrial waste treatment, Illi-
nois, Concentration(Composltion), Metals, Cyanides,
Reviews, Precipitatlon(Chemistry), Performance eval-
uation, 'Best technology, Toxic substances, Point
sources.
PB81-219438 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Detection and Interpretation of Trends In Oxldant
Air Quality. Final rept,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
Lowell G. Wayne, Katherine W. Wilson, and Clarence
L Boyd. Oct 76,129p EPA-450/3-76-034
Contract EPA-68-02-1890
Trends in ambient levels of oxldants over periods of
five years or more are reviewed for seven locations in
the United States. Statistically significant downward
trends were Identified in the San Francisco Bay Area
and in Denver. Trends in emissions of organic and
NOx precursors over comparable periods are also re-
viewed. Only in San Francisco were the data sufficient
to note a statistically significant relationship between
precursor emission trends and the trend In ambient ox-
Idant. Downward oxidant trends are most pronounced
In the western part of the Bay area. Indications are that
a five year period may not be sufficient to Identify sta-
tistically significant trends in many areas. Downward
trends in trie Bay Area are much more pronounced
when 13 years of records are examined.
Keywords: 'Oxidteers, *Alr pollution, Trends, San
Francisco Bay, Organic compounds, Nitrogen oxides,
Colorado, Sites, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling,
Denver(Colorado).
PB81-219537 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Planform Geometry on Tidal Flushing
and Mixing In Marinas. Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 79,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. E. Nece, E. P. Richey, J. Rhee, and H. N. Smith. Jun
81,84p EPA/600/3-81 /039
Grant EPA-R-806146
Physical hydraulic models of marinas possessing rec-
tangular planforms were tested to determine effects of
various geometrical parameters on tidal flushing and
internal circulation in small harbors. Parameters inves-
tigated were: (1) Planform geometry aspect ratio; (2)
ratio of entrance cross-sectional area to basin plan-
form area; (3) effect of rounding of corners in the basin
interior; (4) orientation and location of a single en-
trance; (5) effect of two entrances versus a single en-
trance. It is concluded that for rectangular planform
basins, optimum exchange is achieved when the basin
length to width (aspect) ratio lies between 0.5 and 2.0,
the interior corners are rounded and the single en-
trance centrally located on the seaward side of the
harbor. Rounding has little effect on average flushing
but does increase the uniformity of local exchange
throughout the basin. Results were obtained through a
photographic technique incorporating the use of a
photodensitometer.
Keywords: 'Flushing, 'Hydraulic models, 'Harbors,
'Marinas, Rectangles, Circulation, Orientation, Length,
Width, Photodetectors, Densitometers,
Washington(State), Planform basins.
PB81-219660 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Coal Cleaning Program. Progress rept. Oct 78-
Sep 79,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Moore, D. Sargent, and B. Hylton. Apr 81,95p EPA-
600/7-81-070
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
The report describes work during Fiscal Year 1979 by
12 organizations, both public and private, under EPA's
Coal Cleaning Program, a program that explores the
possibilities for wider use of coal as an environmentally
acceptable energy source. Many aspects of coal were
studied, including the use of low sulfur coal, removal of
coal sulfur by coal cleaning, and measurement of
emissions from the cleaning processes. Seventeen
projects were active in three major research catego-
ries: environmental assessment, technology assess-
ment and development, and pollution control technolo-
gy. Several projects were aimed at achieving a better
Knowledge of the characteristics of estimated coal re-
sources. One approach was to develop and under-
standing of the effects of geologic formation process-
es on the properties of the resulting coal-especially
sulfur and ash content. Another was to develop empiri-
cal data bases from multiple source sampling pro-
grams, past and present, to help identify constituents
of coal deposits and relate them to environmental and
economic concerns. Other studies evaluated certain
coal cleaning techniques, equipment, and systems to
assess possibilities for their improvement. Alternative
strategies were explored for compliance with S02
emission rules for coal combustion, as were assess-
ment and control of pollution from coal cleaning.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Technology, Assessments, Sulfur dioxide, Regula-
tions, Air pollution control, Standards, Water pollution
control, Beneficiation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Air pollution abatement, Solid wastes.
PB81-219594 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Vapor-Phase Cracking and Wat Oxidation as Po-
tential Pollutant Control Techniques for Coal Gas-
ification. Final rept. Nov 76-Apr 81,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. J. McMlchael, S. K. Gangwal, D. A. Green, and F. 0.
Mixon. Jun 81,56p RTI/1934/00-01 F, EPA-600-7-81-
096
The report gives results of an investigation of two tech-
niques (hydro-cracking of heavy organics in the raw gas
prior to quency, and wet oxidation of the gasifier con-
densate) for pollutant control in coal gasification proc-
esses. Bench-scale experiments were used to deter-
mine rates of hydrocracklng and wet oxidation as a
function of process conditions and catalyst used. A ml-
croreactor system, capable of holding 1.0 cc of materi-
al to be screened for catalytic activity, was used In the
hydrocracking studies. Benzene and alkylated ben-
zene compounds were used as model compounds in
determining the potential of various materials for
cracking rates. Thlophene was used as a model com-
pound for catalyst poisoning studies. Cracking rates
were determined for coal-derived materials produced
from bituminous and subbituminous coals and materi-
als containing iron and nickel compounds. Experi-
ments were carried out at 300 to 800 C and approxi-
mately atmospheric pressure. The most promising ma-
terial screened was a triply-promoted iron oxide am-
monia synthesis catalyst. It had the greatest activity ai
temperatures of practical interest for a control device
and showed more sulfur resistance than the other ma-
terials screened. However, the catalyst was poisoned
by sulfur: attempts to regenerate it by air oxidation
were unsuccessful. Wet oxidation appeared competi-
tive.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Air pollution control,
'Oxidation, 'Cracking process, Catalysts, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Aromatic compounds,
Sulfur, 'Hydrocracking, Wet methods.
PB81-219602 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Combined Sawer Overflow Abatamant Program,
Rochester, NY-Volume 1:Abatement Analysis.
Final rept. May 74-Noy 76,
O'Brien and Gere Engineers, Inc., Syracuse, NY.
Frank J. Drehwing, Cornelius B. Murphy, David J.
Carleo, and Thomas A. Jordan. Jul 81,178p EPA-600/
2-81-113
Grant EPA-Y005141
Pollution abatement analyses conducted in conjunc-
tion with system network modeling studies and sup-
ported by combined sewer overflow (CSO) monitoring
and sampling were initiated with the ultimate goal or
formulating a cohesive and workable Master Plan for
CSO reduction and control. Overflow monitoring and
sampling data from thirteen CSO locations within the
Rochester, New York Pure Waters District Served as
the basis for network modeling studies. The receiving
water models were used to evaluate various CSO pol-
lution abatement alternatives. Nonstructural, minimal
structural, and structural, and structurally intensive al-
ternatives were defined and evaluated by these
models.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Urban areas, Mathematical
models, Decision making, Water storage, Sewage
treatment, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Structures, Ben-
efit cost analysis, Vegetation, Catch basins, New York,
Drainage, Rochester(New York), Nonstructural alter-
natives, Best Management Practices, Storm water
runoff.
PB81-219636 PC EW
Sources of Toxic Pollutants Found in Influents to
Sawaga Treatment Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
1979,981 p-ln5v
Set includes PB81-219644 thru PBS 1-219685.
No abstract available.
PB81-219644 PC A13/MF A01
Sources of Toxic Pollutants Found In Influents to
Sawaga Treatment Plants. II. Muddy Creak Drain-
age Baaln, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rept. no. 6 (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
P. Levins, J. Adams, K. Tnrun, S. Coons, and A.
Wechsler. Jun 79,300p EPA/440/4-81-004
See also Volume 3, PB81 -219651.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
219638.
This report represents the initiation of a program to de-
termine the types of sources of priority pollutants and
the magnitude of their contribution to publicly owned
treatments works (POTW). The initial phase, described
in this report, is designed to study the non-heavy In-
dustry contributors. Thus, residential, commercial and
light Industry-type sources have been identified as
those of primary Interest. The complete study is to be
carried out in phases and this report describes the
result of the first phase of the program which was de-
signed to develop a general approach, obtain back-
ground information, test alternative procedures and
develop the basis for detailed planning of the full study.
A detailed quality control program was implemented
for this study. A total of 69 composite samples were
collected for the generation of 140 samples for analy-
1116 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sis, the increment comina from the quality control pro-
gram. Samples were analyzed for all 129 priority pollut-
ants (excluding asbestos) plus manganese and the
classical parameters of pH, TEMP, TSS, TOO, BOD,
COD, ammonia, oil and grease. Approximately 20 or-
ganic species were detected In the POTW influent and
sewer samples, mostly at concentrations near the de-
tection limit. Only several organic species were found
above 10 mg/l, namely chloroform and other halo-
methanes, phenol, toluene and naphthalene (each at
one sewer site) and three phthalates.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water pollution, 'Muddy
Creek, 'Sewage treatment, 'Resldental buildings,
Commercial buildings, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Sites, Concentration (Composition), Quality assurance,
Pesticides, Tables(Data), Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Water pollution
detection, Clncinnatl(Ohio).
PB81-219651 PC A10/MF A01
Source* of Toxic Pollutant* Found In Influent* to
Sewage Treatment Plant*. III. Coldwater Creek
Drainage Basin, St. Loul*, Missouri. Rept. no. 10
(final),
Environ
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
P. Levins, J. Adams, P. Brenner, S. Coons, and K.
Thrun. Oct 79,21 Op EPA/440/4-81 -005
See also Volume 2, PBS 1-219644 and Volume 4,
PB81-219669.
Also available In set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
219636.
This report represents the second In a series of studies
of sewage treatment basins undertaken In order to de-
termine the relative Importance of major sources of
Pollutants found at the Influent of publicly-owned treat-
ments works (POTWs). The general categories of resi-
dential, commercial and Industrial have been Identified
as appropriate classifications for this study. This
second study was carried out in the drainage basin of
the Coldwater Creek treatment plant in the metropoli-
tan St. Louis, Missouri area. In contrast to the predomi-
nantly residential character of the Muddy Creek basin
•n Cincinnati, the Coldwater Creek basin area had a
reasonable amount of flow from commercial and in-
dustrial sources in addition to the residential flow. The
relative flow from these source types in the basin was:
Residential: 78%, Commercial: 10%, Industrial: 12%.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water pollution, 'Cold-
water Creek, 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial wastes,
Commercial buildings, Missouri, Sources, Sampling,
Sites, Residential buildings,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Water
analysis, Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Water pollution detection, Saint
Louis(Mlssouri).
PB81-219669 PC A08/MF A01
Source* of Toxic Pollutant* Found In Influent* to
Sewage Treatment Plant*. IV. R. M. Clayton Drain-
age Ba*ln, Atlanta, Georgia. Rept No. 10 (Final),
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
P: Levins, J. Adams, P. Brenner, S. Coons, and K.
Thrun. Oct 79.173p EPA/440/4-81 /006
See also Volume 3, PB81-219651 and Volume S,
PB81-219677.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
219636.
Jhls report represents the third in a series of studies of
drainage basins undertaken to determine the relative
importance of major sources of pollutants found at the
influent of publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs).
The general categories of residential, commercial,
aand Industrial have been identified as appropriate
classifications for this study. This drainage basin pro-
vided the opportunity to sample a larger fraction of
commercial activity, Including an entire downtown
area, and had the largest ana most chemically inten-
sive industrial areas studied to date.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water pollution, *R. M.
Clayton Drainage Basin, 'Sewage treatment, 'Com-
mercial buildings, 'Industrial wastes, Georgia, Sam-
pling, Chemical analyses, Water analysis, Sources,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Sites, Residential build-
ings, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Atlanta(Georgla).
PB81-219677 PC A08/MF A01
Source* of Toxtc Pollutant* Found In Influent* to
Sewage Treatment Plant*. V. Hartford Water Pol-
lution Control Plant, Hartford, Connecticut. Rept.
no. 13 (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
P. Levins, J. Adams, P. Brenner, S. Coons, and C.
Freitas. Nov 79,173p EPA/440/4-81/007
See also Volume 4, PB81-219669 and Volume 6,
PB81-219685.
Also available In set of S reports PC E99, PB81-
219636.
This fourth study was carried out In the drainage basin
of the Hartford Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP)
In Hartford, Connecticut. For the most part, this drain-
age basin provided the opportunity to sample an area
comprised largely of commercial and residential flow,
with minimal Industrial Interference. The sampling sites
did Include a downtown site, similar to the downtown
site in Atlanta, which contained a minor Industrial park.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water pollution, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Commercial buildings, 'Residential budd-
ings, Connecticut, Sources, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Water analysis, Sites, Quality assurance, 'Hartford
water pollution control plant, Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Water pollution detection,
Hartford(Connecticut).
PB81-219685 PC A06/MF A01
Source* of Toxic Pollutant* Found In Influent* to
Sewage Treatment Plant*. VI. Integrated Interpre-
•entatlon,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
P. Levins, J. Adams, P. Brenner, S. Coons, and G.
Harris. Dec 79,125p EPA/440/4-81 /008
See also Volume 5, PB81-219677. Also pub. as Little
(Arthur D.), Cambridge, MA. rept. no. ADL-81099-63.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB81-
219636.
A study has been carried out to determine the relative
significance of the major sources type-residential,
commercial, industrial-contributions of priority pollut-
ants to POTW influents. A service area in each of four
cities-Cincinnati, St. Louis, Atlanta, and Hartford-has
been studied in detail. In each city, specific sampling
sites were selected to represent each of the major
source categories. In total, 11 residential, 10 commer-
cial and 5 industrial sites have been sampled, in addi-
tion to the tap water and POTW influents. This report
presents a summary analysis of the data made possi-
ble by integrating the results obtained from each of the
cities and treating the data by source category. The
data have been analyzed to determine the frequency
of occurrence of toxic pollutants (specifically the list of
129 priority pollutants), their concentration levels, the
sources of these pollutants, and the impact of the
source contributions on the POTW Influent. Manga-
nese and several classical parameters (7XX series)
were also measured and Included in the data base.
The analysis has been carried out within the con-
straints Imposed by the Inherent characteristics of
each of the major source categories - residential, com-
mercial, industrial - concerning the range of discharge
levels which was observed for each category.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
pollution, 'Residential buildings, 'Commercial build-
ings, 'Industrial wastes, Sources, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composltlon), Methodology,
Cinclnnatl(Ohio), Saint Louls(Mlssourf),
Atlanta(Georgla), Hartford(Connectlcut).
PB81-219778 PC A89
Farmland Industrie*, Inc., Pho*phat* Mine,
Hardae County, Florida. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
May8l,1106p-in3v
Set Includes PB81-219784, PB81-219792 and PB81-
219800.
No abstract available.
PB81-219784 PC A1S/MF A01
Farmland Industrie*, Inc., Pho*ph*t* Mine,
Hard** County, Florid*. Draft environmental Impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
May 81,349p EPA-904/9-81 -072
Prepared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers,
Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville District. See also
Volume 1.PB81-219792.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC A99, PB81-
219776.
Farmland Industries, Inc. has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine and beneficlation plant on a 7810-
acre site In west central Hardee County, Florida.
Mining and processing will Involve 5280 acres, all of
which will be reclaimed, and will produce 2 million tons
of phosphate rock per year for 20 years. The EIS ex-
amines alternatives, Impacts and mitlgatlve measures
related to air, geology, radiation, ground water, surface
water, ecology and other natural and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements-draft,
Water pollution, Ground water, Surface water, Air pol-
lution, Beneficlation, Florida, Ecology, Sites, 'Phos-
phate mining, 'Farmland Industries, Inc., Phophate
rock, Phosphate Industry.
PB81-219792 PC A19/MF A01
Farmland Industrie*, Inc., Phosphate Mine,
Hardee County, Florid*. Supplemental Information
Document Volume 1. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
May 81,448p EPA-904/9-81 -072A
Prepared by Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Clifton,
NJ. Environmental Systems Div. See also PB81-
219784 and Volume 2, PB81-219800.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC A99, PB81-
219776.
f-armland Industries, Inc. has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine and beneflciation plant on a 7810-
acre site In west central Hardee County, Florida.
Mining and processing will involve 5280 acres, all of
which will be reclaimed, and will produce 2 million tons
of phosphate rock per year for 20 years. The EIS ex-
amines alternatives, Impacts and mitigative measures
related to air, geology, radiation, groundwater, surface
water, ecology and other natural and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-Draft,
Substitutes, Florida, Water pollution, Air pollution,
'Phosphate mining, 'Phosphate industry, 'Farmland
Industry, Hardee County(Florlda).
PB81-219800 PC A14/MF A01
Farmland Industries, Inc., Phosphate Mine,
Hardee County, Florida. Supplemental Information
Document Volume 2. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
May 81,309p EPA-904/9-81 -072B
Prepared by Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Clifton,
NJ. Environmental Systems Div. See also Volume 1,
PB81-219792.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC A99, PB81-
219776.
Farmland Industries, Inc. has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine and beneficlation plant on a 7810-
acre site In west central Hardee County, Florida.
Mining and processing will involve 5280 acres, all of
which will be reclaimed, and will produce 2 million tons
of phosphate rock per year for 20 years. The EIS ex-
amines alternatives, impacts and mitigative measures
related to air, geology, radiation, groundwater, surface
water, ecology and other natural and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
Florida, Substitutes, Ground water, Ecology, Surface
water, Air pollution, Site, Runoff, 'Phosphate mining,
'Farmland Industries, Inc., Hardee County(Florida),
Phosphate industry, Air quality.
December 1983 1117
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-220048 PC A24/MF A01
Control Technique* for Sulfur Oxide Emissions
from Stationary Source*. Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
AprSI, 560p EPA-450/3-81-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB-190 252.
Control Techniques for Sulfur Oxide Emissions From
Stationary Sources presents recent developments of
control techniques which have become available since
preparation of the first edition of Control Techniques
for Sulfur Oxide Air Pollutants PB-190 252. This edition
presents available data on characterization and sam-
pling methods for sulfur oxides, descriptions of station-
ary sources of sulfur oxides and control techniques
used to reduce sulfur oxide emissions. Control costs
and energy and evironmental impact of controlling
sulfur oxide emissions are also discussed.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Sulfur oxides, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Trends, Calcium oxides, Lime-
stone, Scrubbing, Flue gases, Coal preparation, Desul-
furization, Adsorption, 'Stationary sources, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Flue gas desulfurlzation, Double alkali
scrubbing, Ammonia scrubbing, Wellman process,
Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Dry methods, Citrate
process.
PB81-220246 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Predictions of the Performance and Exhaust
Emissions Produced by Small Light Duty Vehicle*
Powered by Dl and ID) Diesel Engine*. Final rept.
Ricardo and Co. Engineers (1927) Ltd., Shoreham-by-
Sea (England).
Feb 81,15p EPA-460/3-81 -011
This report describes an exercise In which a computer
simulation program was used to predict the likely per-
formance, fuel economy and exhaust emission levels
of light duty vehicles weighing from 1000 to 2000 Ib.
when powered by naturally aspirated diesel engines of
0.8 litre displacement having direct injection (Dl) and
indirect injection (IDI) combustion systems. It was as-
sumed that the vehicles were fitted with an efficient
continuously variable transmission.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Diesel engines, Fuel Injectors, Pre-
dictions, Computerized simulation, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Continuously variable transmissions.
PB81-220493 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Final rept.
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
Dec 80,3662p-in 10v
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
Set includes PB81-220501, PB81-220519, PB81-
220527, PB81-220535, PB81-220543, PB81-220550,
PB81-220568, PB81-220576, PB81-220584 and
PB81-220592.
No abstract available.
PB81-220S01 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 1: Pro-
gram Report Final rept,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
R. E. White. Dec 80,92p' EPA-450/3-80-023
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 2, PBS 1-220519.
Also available In set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
under Section llfof the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental Impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated Into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume contains a brief history of the four
year project and includes emission ranking information
for 140 manufactured organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution, Ranking, Regulations, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, 'New source performance
standards, Clean Air Act, Volatile organic compounds.
PB81-220519 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 2: Proc-
ess Source*. Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
J. W. Blackburn, and R. L Standifer. Dec 80,249p*
EPA-450/3-80-024
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 1, PB81 -220501 and Volume 3,
PB81-220527.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
EPA is developing new source performance standards
under Section III of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental Impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume covers the following process emis-
sion sources within organic chemical plants: air oxida-
tion reactions, reactions involving carrier gases,
vacuum producing systems, suHuric acid recovery op-
erations, and process upsets.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution, Sources, Standards, Process charting,
Sulfuric acid, Oxidation, Manufacturing, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'New source perform-
ance standards, Clean Air Act, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB81-220527 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 3: Stor-
age, Fugitive, and Secondary Source*. Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
D. Q. Erikson, J. J. Cudahy, V. Kalcevic, and R. L.
Standifer. Dec 80,344p* EPA-450/3-80-025
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
EPA is developing new source performance standards
under Section IIP of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume covers emissions from storage
tanks, fugitive sources (pump seals, valve seals, etc.),
and secondary sources (emissions arising from treat-
ment or disposal of process wastes).
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, 'Organic
compounds, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Storage tanks, Solid waste disposal, Manu-
facturing, Technology, Assessments, 'New source
performance standards, Fugitive emissions.
PB81-220S36 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 4: Com-
bustion Control Device*. Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
J. W. Blackburn, J. A. Key, H. S. Basdekis, and V.
Kalcevic. Dec 80,354p* EPA-450/3-80-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 3, PBB1 -220527 and Volume 5,
PB81-220543.
Also available In set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
under Section III of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental Impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume covers the following devices that
can be used to control VOC emissions: thermal incin-
erators, catalytic incinerators, and flares.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution control,
'Organic compounds, Standards, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Manufacturing, Incinerators,
Flares, Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, 'New
source performance standards, Clean Air Act.
PB81-220543 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing, volume 6: Ad-
sorption, Condensation, and Absorption Device*.
Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
H. S. Basdekis, D. G. Erikson, C. S. Parmele, and R. L.
Standifer. Dec 80,335p* EPA-450/3-80-027
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 4, PB81 -220535 and Volume 6,
PB81-220550.
Also available In set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
under Section IN of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising .this
report. This volume covers the following devices that
can be used to control VOC emissions: carbon ad-
sorbers, condensers, and absorbers.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution control equipment, Adsorption, Absorp-
tion, Cost analysis, Standards, Industrial wastes/Com-
bustion products, Condensers(Liquefiers), 'New
source performance standards, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Clean Air Act.
PB81-220550 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 6: Se-
lected Processes. Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
W. D. Burce, J. W. Blackburn, V. Kalcevic, S. W.
Dylewski, and R. E. White. Dec 80,404p* EPA-450/3-
80-028A
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 5, PB81 -220543 and Volume 7,
PB81-220568.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
EPA is developing new source performance standards
under Section III of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume presents in-depth studies of sever-
al major organic chemical products.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
•Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Manufacturing, Cyclohexane, Cyclohexanols, Cyclo-
hexanones, Chlorobenzenes, Ethyl benzene, Styrene,
Adlpic acid, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, 'New source performance standards,
Volatile organic compounds. Clean Air Act, Maleic an-
hydride.
1118 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-220588 PC A17/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 7: Se-
»ct*d Processes. Final rept.,
y Envirosclence, Knoxvllle, TN.
f- 0. Hobbs, C. W. Stuewe, S. W. Dylewski, D. M. Pitts,
. A. Peterson. Dec 80, 398p* EPA-450/3-80/
fPA-68-02-2577
gge also Volume 6, PB81 -220550 and Volume 8,
PB81 -220576.
available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
*
EPA Is developing new source performance standards '
under Section III of the Clean Air Act and national
imfeslon standards for hazardous air pollutants under
JrSfJlpn 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
J.VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
in support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental Impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
™w assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
"sport. This volume presents in-depth studies of sever-
al major organic chemical products.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, "Organic compounds,
Air pollution control, Industrial wastes, Combustion
Products, Standards, Manufacturing, Nltrobenzenes,
Anilines, Cumine, Phenol, Acetone, Benzene, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, *New source per-
'Ormance standards, Volatile organic compounds, Iso-
cyanlc acld/(methylphenylene-ester), Terephthallc
acid. Terephthallc acld/(dlmethyl-ester).
PB81-220676 PC A16/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 8: Se-
!*cwl Processes. Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
J- A. Key, C. W. Stuewe, R. L. Standifer, F. D. Hobbs,
and D. M. Pitts. Dec 80, 363p* EPA-4SO/3-80-028C
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
gee also Volume 7, PB81 -220568 and Volume 9,
PB81 -220584.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
EPA is developing new source performance standards
under Section llfof the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Action 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated Into the ten volumes comprising this
report This volume presents In-depth studies of sever-
al major organic chemical products.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
Air pollution control, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
'Combustion products, Standards, Fluorine organic
compounds, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloromethanes,
Chtorination. Chlorine organic compounds, 'New
source performance standards, Ethane/dichloro,
volatile organic compounds, Clean Air Act, chloroethy-
PB81-220584 PC A23/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 9: Se-
wcted Processes. Final rept,
[T Envirosclence, Knoxville, TN.
R. J. Lovell, J. A. Key, R. L. Standifer, V. Kalcevic, and
J. F. Lawson. Dec 80, 545p* EPA-450/3-80-028D
Contract EPA-68-02-2577r
See also Volume 8. PB81-220576 and Volume 10,
PB81-220592.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB81-
220493.
EPA Is developing new source performance standards
under Section IIFof the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 tor volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
in support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume presents in-depth studies of sever-
al major organic chemical products.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution control, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Standards, Manufacturing, Cost analysis,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Formalde-
hyde, Catalysts, Methyl alcohol, Sources, 'New
source performance standards, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB81-220592 PC A2S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Organic Chemical Manufacturing. Volume 10: Se-
lected Processes. Final rept,
IT Envirosclence, Knoxville, TN.
C. A. Peterson, J. A. Key, F. D. Hobbs, J. W. Blackburn,
and H. S. Basdekis. Dec 80,578p* EPA-450/3-80-
028E
Contract EPA-68-02-2577
See also Volume 9, PB81-220584.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99. PB81-
220493.
EPA is developing new source performance standards
under Section III of the Clean Air Act and national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants under
Section 112 for volatile organic compound emissions
(VOC) from organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
In support of this effort, data were gathered on chemi-
cal processing routes, VOC emissions, control tech-
niques, control costs, and environmental Impacts re-
sulting from control. These data have been analyzed
and assimilated Into the ten volumes comprising this
report. This volume presents In-depth studies of sever-
al major organic chemical products.
Keywords: 'Chemical Industry, 'Organic compounds,
•Air pollution control, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Manufacturing, Standards, Sources, Propyl-
ene oxide, Acrylonltriles, Glycerin, Acrylic acid, Esters,
Methyl methacrylate, Chloroprenes, Sulfuric acid,
Methyl ethyl ketone, Butadienes, Acetic acid, Fermic
acid, Ethyl acetate, 'New source performance stand-
ards, Volatile organic compounds, Clean Air Act,
Acetic anhydride.
PB81-220840 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Autosaver Under Section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Coat
Savings Act Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,26p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-3
The document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Autosaver' device under provisions
of section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act On April 16,1980 the EPA received
a request from Mr. Y. Mori for evaluation of a fuel
saving device termed 'Autosaver'. This device is de-
signed for use on conventional, contact point, Ignition
systems. This device Is claimed to save fuel and
reduce pollution by Instantaneously providing the high
voltage to the spark plugs In an ideal manner.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Automobiles, Motor
vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Spark plugs. Ignition sys-
tems, Evaluation.
PB81-220M4 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Computer Assisted Procedure for the Design and
Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment System*
(CAPDET) Program User's Guide. Technical rept.
Army Engineer waterways Experiment Station, Vteks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Jan 81,391 p
Sponsored In part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Program Op-
erations.
This manual provides guidance for the selection of
wastewater treatment processes and systems and cri-
teria for the design of wastewater treatment facilities
using the Computer Assisted Procedure for the Design
and Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Systems
(CAPDET). The information presented in this manual
may be of Interest to all persons concerned with the
planning, design, and cost estimating associated with
construction of new or upgraded wastewater treatment
facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Computer program-
ming, 'Manuals, "Mathematical models, Computer
programs, Design criteria, Cost analysis, 'CAPDET
programs.
PB81-221087 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
River Quality Model for Urban Stormwater Im-
pacts. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Miguel A. Medina, Jr., Wayne C. Huber, James P.
Heaney, and Richard Field. Jun 81,13p EPA-600/J-
81-234
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville.
A simplified continuous receiving water quality model
has been developed as a planning guide to permit pre-
liminary screening of areawide wastewater manage-
ment strategies. The model simulates the hypothetical
response of the stream or tidal river system to the sep-
arate and combined effects of waste Inputs from up-
stream sources, dry-weather urban sources and wet-
weather urban sources. The total hours of runoff-pro-
ducing rainfall throughout a year are separated into
storm events. For a given storm event, the runoff and
pollutant loads are summarized, and critical dissolved
oxygen concentrations are estimated as a function of
several hydrodynamlc and biochemical parameters.
An application to the Des Molnes River at Des Moines,
Iowa, is presented.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Des Molnes River, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Urban areas, Mathematical models, Sewage
treatment, Water pollution control, Combined sewers.
Hydrology, Biochemical oxygen demand, Iowa, 'Storm
water runoff.
PB81-221095 PC A02/MF A01
3econd-Order Model to Predict Mlcroblal Degra-
dation of Organic Compounds In Natural Water*.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. South-
east Environmental Research Lab.
Doris F. Paris, William C. Steen, George L. Baughman,
and John T. Bamett. Jun 81, 9p EPA-600/J-80-018
The reliability of second-order rate constants for as-
sessing mlcrobial degradation kinetics in natural
waters was examined by using three compounds that
undergo hydrolytic degradation. The butoxyethyl ester
of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid was studied in water
samples from 31 sites, malathion was examined in
water from 14 sites, and chlorpropham was studied in
samples from 11 sites. The coefficient of variation for
rate constants for each compound was less than 65
percent over all sites. Additional studies indicated that
the rate conformed to second-order kinetics; that Is,
the rate was proportional to both bacterial and xeno-
btotic concentrations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Deg-
radation, 'Mathematical models, Sites, Sampling, Bac-
teria, Concentration(Comp08ltion), Malathion, Chlorine
organic compounds, Carbamates, Reprints, Acetic
add/(butoxy-ethyl-ester)-dlchloro-phenoxy, DBE 2-4
herbicide, Phosphorodithioates, Chlorpropharm.
PB81-221301
PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
velopment.
Coal Qaslfler Parameter* Influencing Envlronn
Office of Research and Develc
tal Pollutant Production,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. A. Green, J. G. Cleland, D. P. Daugherty, W. J.
McMlchael, and F. O. Mlxon. Jun 81,95p* RTI/1934/
00-03F, EPA-600/7-81-098
Grant EPA-R-804979
See also PB-287 730.
A series of fixed-bed coal gasification and pyrolysls
tests have been performed In a laboratory-scale reac-
tor of 6.6 cm Inside diameter. Chemical analyses were
conducted on the product gas, the aqueous conden-
sate, the tar, and the solid residue from the tests. The
effects of process variables, such as feed mode, cata-
December 1983 1119
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lytlc treatment, pressure, mesh size, and coal type,
upon byproduct and pollutant yields are described.
The production of gaseous sulfur compounds, ben-
zene and derivatives (BTX), phenollcs (phenol, cre-
sols, and xylenols), and tar have been measured, and
the fate of trace elements such as arsenic, selenium,
and lead has been determined. Byproduct production
associated with the pyrolysls phase of gasification has
been Investigated with emphasis on the effects of par-
ticle size, residence time, and atmosphere. Experi-
ments conducted with six U.S. coals ranging from lig-
nite to anthracite are described. Continuous operation
was found to result In greatly reduced tar and phenolic
production. When the entire mass of coal was Intro-
duced at the beginning of the test, effluent stream
compositions more closely approached those of larger
scale, fixed-bed gaslflers. Initial work on this project
was reported In PB-287720; three more recent reports
were EPA-800/7-79-200 through EPA-800/7-79-202.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Gas analysis, Chemical
reactors, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Pyrolysls, Sulfur Inorganic
compounds, Benzene, Phenols, Trace elements, Sele-
nium, Lead(Metal), Sampling.
PB81-221350 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
User's Quid* for Survey Meter and Film Badge
Doslmetry Data Baeee.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
William G. Phillips, Stephen Sherman, and Ron Young.
May 81,33p EPA/600/4-81 /035, DOE/DP-00539-041
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
This manual describes the Nevada Test Site data stor-
age and retrieval system designed by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. This system contains two
distinct subsets of off-site radiological measurements
collected during early nuclear atmospheric tests at the
Nevada Test Site. The purpose of the manual is to
present the methods for using the EPA system to ex-
amine all or any portion of either data subset.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Information systems, 'Radi-
ation effects, Health physics, Methodology, Dosimetry,
'Nevada Test Site, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB81-221657 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Selected Radloitotopes In Animal Tissues In
Nevada: 90Sr and 137C* Measurements from 1956
to 1977.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, and V. E. Andrews. Apr 81,62p EPA-600/
3-81-027, DOE/DP-00539-040
Measurements have been made since 1956 of the
strontium-90 and cesium-137 concentrations in tissues
from cattle, deer, and bighorn sheep living on and
around the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Examination of
this data cumulation Indicates that the measured
tissue concentrations reflect global fallout rather than
local sources of these Isotopes. Maximum strontium-
90 concentrations in bone are related to exposure
during maximum bone growth. During, or Immediately
following, periods of high fallout, younger animals ex-
hibited higher concentrations of strontium-90 in bone.
During low-fallout periods older animals, which had
been young during heavy fallout periods, had the high-
est concentrations of strontium-90 in bone. The effec-
tive half-life of strontium-90 In bone of desert bighorn
sheep Is estimated to be 4.8 years while the effective
half-life of cesium-137 in soft tissue appears to be only
a few weeks. The maximum observed concentration of
ceslum-137 In edible tissue was 2,900 plcocurles per
kilogram In liver from a deer collected 5 weeks after a
nearby nuclear craterlng experiment. Using standard-
man data, the dally consumption of 600 grams of such
tissue would result in an annual dose of 32 milllrem,
which is 6.4 percent of the radiation protection guide
established for Individuals of the general population.
The husbandry, necropsy, and histopathological
records of the NTS beef herd indicate that the nuclear
testing program has had no observable long-term
Impact on the herd.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Strontium 90,
'Cesium 137, Concentration(Compo8ttion),
Tlssues(Biology), Animals, Cattle, Sheep, Deer,
Bones, Liver, 'Nevada Test Site.
PB81-221883 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Liners of Natural Poroua Materials to Minimize
Pollutant Migration. Final rept. Oct 75-Sep 77,
Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson,
Wallace HT Fuller. Jul 81,86p* EPA-600/2-81-122
Grant EPA-R-803988
When landfills are not completely impermeable then
underlying groundwater may be contaminated by
leachate constituents If these are not adequately re-
tained by soils. Research on Industrial waste disposal
has centered on use of manufactured products such
as plastics and cementing roadbed materials such as
asphalt and concrete to alleviate this problem by com-
pletely preventing liquid movement out of the landfill.
Little attention has been given to use of natural low-
cost materials as barriers for minimizing pollution mi-
gration out of landfills by retaining contaminants from
liquids as they pass. This is a report of the relative ef-
fectiveness of natural low-cost liners of crushed lime-
stone, clayey soli, hydrous oxides of Iron, and crushed
pecan hulls for minimizing the migration of Be, Cd, Cr,
Fe, Nl, Zn, and total organic carbon constituents of
municipal solid waste landfill leachates. Several leach-
ate variables such as aqueous dilution, aeration, pH,
and flux were also studied for their effect on movement
of metals through 11 representative U.S. soils. The re-
search was conducted on a laboratory scale using soil
columns as a first step in screening for potential liners
and manipulation practices. Limestone and hydrous
iron oxide were found to be potentially useful as
porous liners for retention of metallic leachate con-
stituents. The amounts of these materials In natural
soils were also found to be useful predictors of con-
taminant removal.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Lining, Earth fills,
Ground water, Leaching, Limestone, Clays, Iron
oxides, Transport properties, Beryllium, Cadmium,
Copper, Chromium, Iron, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal),
Zinc, Sewage.
PB81-221871 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series: Bibli-
ography on Disposal of Mine and Cleaning Plant
Refuse. Interim rept,
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroeville, PA.
Virginia E. Gleason. Jul 81,294p' EPA-600/7-81-107
Grant EPA-R-807277
Sponsored In part by Office of Surface Mining Recla-
mation and Enforcement (Dl), Washington, DC. See
also PB80-221062.
This volume is the fifth to appear in the 'Coal and the
Environment Abstract Series' and Is an updated edi-
tion of the 'Bibliography on Disposal of Mine and Clean
Plant Refuse'. Other volumes In the series are 'Recla-
mation of Coal Mined Land' and 'Mine Drainage Bibli-
ography'. In addition to the abstracts, this volume In-
cludes an Author Index and a General Index.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Solid waste disposal,
Coal, Refuse disposal, Coal mining, 'Mine wastes,
'Coal preparation plants, Solid wastes, NTISEPAORD.
PB81-221889 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Hazard Potential from Combustion
of Wastes In Industrial Boilers. Final rept. Jun 80-
Apr81,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Harrison, J. B. White, and W. J. King. Jul 81,
122p' EPA-600/7-81-108
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of a study to determine the
extent of the present onsite use of waste fuel in indus-
trial boilers and related process equipment, the nature
and quantities of the materials so disposed of, and cur-
rent regulations concerning such use. The study re-
sponds to a request for comment and advice on re-
cently promulgated hazardous waste regulations that
allow the onsite use of wastes as fuels with few restric-
tions. Based on contacts with federal, state, and local
environmental protection officials, industry personnel,
and the open literature, the study concludes that: a
wide variety of materials have been burned as fuel in
standard or appropriately modified combustion equip-
ment; the practice can be expected to expand due to
the economic pressures of hazardous waste disposal
and rising fossil fuel costs; virtually no emission data
on waste fuel combustion (except through Inciner-
ation) Is available; under conditions of inefficient com-
bustion, significant paniculate matter and high molecu-
lar weight (Including polycyclic organic compounds)
emission rates can be expected; and, within the scope
of this study, no current regulations were found to De
directed specifically at waste combustion. The study
recommends increased Industry contacts, representa-
tive site selection, and a field program in conjunction
with a coordinated regulatory program.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Hazardous materials, Regula-
tions, Combustion, Assessments, Industrial wastes.
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Air pollution, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Refuse derived fuels, Solid wastes.
PB61-222002 PC A03/MF A01
Short- and Long-Term Leach Ratea of Solidified
Waste from a Cylindrical Container,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Kerry Landman. Jun 81,29p EPA-520/8-81-007
The short- and long-term leach rates of radionuclldes
for the three-dimensional diffusive flow and for purely
axial diffusive flow from a finite cylinder of solidified
waste are determined here. These analytical results
are compared with the ones obtained numerically by
Hung for purely axial flow.
Keywords: 'Radionuclides, Leaching, Containers, Ra-
dioactive wastes, Diffusion, Solid wastes, Numerical
solution.
PB81-222226 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Some Factors Influencing the Distribution of the
Snail Nerltlna recllvata. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
H. K. Lehman, and P. V. Hamilton. Jun 81, 7p EPA/
600/J-80/295
Grant EPA-R-8016121
Pub. In Northeast Gulf Science, v4 n1 p67-72 Sep 80.
An experiment was conducted to determine whether
epiphytic algae, bottom detritus, Vallisneria detritus,
and sand were ingested by Neritina recllvata. These
materials were considered to be the primary potential
foods either attached to or settling on surface Inhabit-
ed by the snail. Results showed that N. reclivata in-
gested epiphytic algae but did not Ingest sand.
Keywords: 'Snails, Ingestion(Blology), Aquatic ani-
mals, Gastropoda, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Distribu-
tion, Reprints,' Neritina recllvata.
PB81-222234 PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenesls and Morphological Transformation
of Mammalian Cells by a Non-Bay-Region Polycy-
clic Cyelopenta(cd)pyrene and Its 3,4-Oxlde1.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Avram Gold, Stephen Nesnow, Martha Moore, Helen
Garland, and Gaynelle Curtis. 27 Aug 80,5p EPA-600/
J-80-304
Pub. in Cancer Research 40, 04482-4484 Dec 80.
Cyclopenta(cd)Pyrene, a constituent of environmental
emissions, has been found to mutate and transform
mammalian cells in culture. Cyclopenta(cd)pyrene 3,4-
oxlde, a presumed metabolite, was found to a be
direct-acting mutagen and to transform mammalian
cells. These results suggest that cyclopenta(cd)pyrene
3,4-oxlde may be an ultimate mutagenic form of the
parent hydrocarbon.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Cells(Biology), 'Morphology,
Mammals, Cultures(Biology), Mutations, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Reprints. 'Cyclopentapyrene, *Mu-
tagenesis, 'Toxic substances, Cell cultures, Metabo-
lites, Cyclopentapyrene oxide.
1120 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Newton.
1225
pC A04/MF A01
ap Environmental Research Lab.. Research Tri-
luil?r!?ance Evaluation of the Bralntree Electric
Jan 76-j Partment Dry Coolln8 Tow«r-
Beck (R.w.) arid Associates, Denver, CO.
jY;,^, Henderson, C. H. Armstrong, and D. H.
Gnu* «?P EpA-600/7-81-109, , (ERL-RTP-1
Grant EPA-S-803757
DBM^ in co°Peration with Braintree Electric Light
UePt.,EastBraintree,MA.
Tte report gives results of a 5-year evaluation of the
£f"°[ •nance of a dry cooling tower for the 20-MW
bir«? e,ctric generation portion of an 85-MW com-
wnea-cycle power plant. Ob|ectives of the study were
ijlj Demonstrate dry cooling tower technology at a
heat . setts seacoast site, document and optimize
Jr<" rejection performance, evaluate the effect of dry
£5" "8 tower operation on the environment, and
,
tne effect of environmental conditions on dry
cooling tower performance.
f(SH"'ords: *Cooling towers, Electric power plants, Per-
wmance evaluation, Pollution.
pc A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
gngePark.NC.
"ixing Phenomena In Industrial Fume Afterburner
g 79-Jun 81 ,
enomena In Indus
Batt«iim?; ToP'cal rept. Aug 7
aattehe Columbus Labs., OH.
oumbus Labs., OH.
7.H1 PuJ,nam' and H. A. Arbib. Jul 81, 107p EPA-600/
£?1;110,,IERL-RTP-1224
Contract EPA-68-02-2629
vr? report reviews the physical-mixing phenomena in-
"ived in the reactions that occur in afterburners or
frnnf '"c'nerators. It considers mixing in after-burners
M™ three points of view. It first covers typical designs
j" anerburner components that are involved in the
,"™n9 Phenomena: with the paucity of performance in-
wrnation available, there is no clear-cut indication of
!"• superiority of any particular design. Secondly, it
s the possible application of mathematical
j principles developed for studies of conven-
furnaces to afterburner design: although the
"~n for the afterburner is basically simpler, practi-
•"""- I of mathematical modeling still seems
^nponents: these relations permit an estimate of
tw 'temperature histories of various flow paths
JCfough different afterburner designs. Overall, the
. -.-... u, oue^uate afterburners from the mixing point
UI view seems well within the current state of the art.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'After burners, *ln-
"nerators, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
gn criteria, Performance evaluation, Math-
els, State of the art.
[^1-222267 PC A09/MF A01
"austnal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
p°?tr°l of Utility Boiler and Gas Turbine Pollutant
pml««lons by Combustion Modification-Phase II.
gnal repf. Jun 76-Jun 79,
fjyon Research and Engineering Co., Florham Park,
IL.H. Manny, and A. R. Crawford. Mar 81 , 1 78p
SE-5E.81, EPA-600/7-81-039
Contract EPA-88-02-1 41 5
See also PB-281 078.
report gives results of Phase II of a field study to
ss the applicability of combustion modification
techniques to control NOx and other pollutant
fissions from utility boilers and gas turbines without
{gusing deleterious side effects. Comprehensive, sta-
"Jttoalry designed tests were used to evaluate the
Wect of CM. The most extensively studied CM for utlll-
•Jjjoilers was staged firing at low excess air, which can
reduce NOx emissions by up to about 50%, baaed on
results of short-term tests. Tests of B and Ws low-
*Ox, dual-fired utility boilers, special attention was
Paw to the determination of potentially adverse side
wects: increased combustible emissions, unwanted
changes in paniculate mass loading and size dlstribu-
"pn, reduced boiler efficiency, increased furnace slag-
8'ng. and tube wall corrosion. Short-term tests indicate
that staged combustion may be applied to coal-fired
utility boilers. The extent of furnace tube wall corrosion
and slagging could not be determined conclusively,
based on results of short-term (300-hour) corrosion
probing runs under low NOx and baseline operating
conditions. It was found, however, that corrosion
probes exposed for longer periods (300-1000 hours)
may more effectively correlate with actual furnace tube
corrosion rates.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, *Gas tur-
bines, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Electric power plants, Revi-
sions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Parti-
cles, Performance evaluation, Coal fired power plants.
PB81-222333 PC A03/MF A01
Qeothermal Environmental Assessment- Behavior
of Selected Qeothermal Brine Contaminants In
Plants and Soils. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. W. Brown. Jun 81,36p EPA-600/4-81 -052
The behavior of selected elements found in the Roo-
sevelt Hot Springs KQRA geothermal fluids was inves-
tigated in both plant and soil systems. The kinetics of
these potential environmental containments were
studied by using soil columns and selected cultivated
and native plant species.
Keywords: Lithium, Leaching, Plants(Botany), Soil
chemistry, Soils, Vegetation,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Chemical
analysis, 'Geothermal fluids.
PB81-222341 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Storm and Combined Sewer Storage Treatment
Theory Compared to Computer Simulation. Final
rept.Ju!77-Oct79,
Howard (Charles) and Associates Ltd., Vancouver
(British Columbia).
Charles D. D. Howard. Paul E. Flatt, and Urt Shamir. Jul
81,58p EPA/600/2-81/125
Grant EPA-R-805109
In the field of storm water management there Is a need
complex to simple. To compliment detailed simulation
techniques, so called mathematical or statistical tech-
niques have been developed. Although complex in de-
velopment, the statistical techniques are quick and
simple to apply. This volume presents a comparison
between two statistical techniques, a statistical analyti-
cal and a statistical moments method. The basis of
comparison between the two methods is their ability to
reproduce results obtained from detailed simulation.
The comparisons for 5 U.S. cities Indicate that both
procedures exhibit apparent strengths and weakness-
es. This volume provides basic information required to
use either procedure.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Water pollution control,
'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Management planning, Runoff, Storage
tanks, Watersheds, Statistical analysis, Comparison,
'Storm water runoff, Computer applications, STORM
computer program.
PB81-222366 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH
Reduction of Toxldty to Aquatic Organisms by In-
dustrial Wastewater Treatment Journal article,
EG and G Bionomics, Wareham, MA.
George A. Gary, and Michael E. Barrows. Jul 81,72p*
EPA-600/3-81-043
Contract EPA-68-03-2631
The specific goal of this research was to conduct 24-
hour static acute bioassays with 'untreated' influent
and 'treated' effluent using fathead minnows (Pime-
phales promelas) and water flea (Daphnia magna) to
biologically evaluate the effectiveness of industrial
wastewater faculties in reducing effluent toxicity to
aquatic organisms. Of primary interest to the EPA was
an evaluation of the capacity of the wastewater treat-
ment facilities of the pesticide industry for reducing
toxiclty. To accomplish the stated goal, on-site 24-hour
static acute toxiclty tests were performed during ten
consecutive workdays at seven Industrial sites. Five of
the test sites are defined as pesticide manufacturers,
while the remaining sites consisted of an organo-
chemical manufacturer and a bleached-kraft paper
mill. The effectiveness of the treatment plants was de-
termined by performing static acute toxicity tests with
the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the
water flea (Daphnia magna) on samples of the
wastewater collected before and after treatment. Re-
sults of the studies are expressed in terms of both
median lethal concentrations (LCSO's) as % effluent
and lethal units. The data from these studies indicate
that the wastewater treatment plants provided an aver-
age efficiency of 98% in reducing the toxicity of 'un-
treated' wastewaters. Neither species tested proved to
be a more sensitive indicator of toxicity, though a
jarger data base is required to make valid appraisal. Of
interest was the observation that while some
wastewater treatment facilities provide good efficiency
(98+%) In reducing toxicity, the resulting effluent still
represented a relatively high number of lethal units.
This was a result of the fact that the 'untreated' influent
entering the waste treatment system contained a very
high level of lethal units and a subsequent 98% reduc-
tion of that level still resulted in a toxic wastewater.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Industrial waste treatment,
Sampling, Bioassay, Effectiveness, Aquatic biology,
Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition), Statisti-
cal data, 'Toxic substances, Pimephales promelas,
Daphnia magna. Water sampling, Fathead minnows,
Water fleas, fWater pollution effects(Animals).
PB81-222382 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC. b
New Approaches to Quantltatlng the Pulmonary
Effects of Inhaled Pollutants. Final rept. 25 Jul 77-
24 Jul 80,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
Philip A. Bromberg, R. C. Boucher, M. Friedman, M. J.
Hazucha, and R. L Pimmell. Jul 81,33p EPA-600/1-
81-052
Grant EPA-R-805184
The authors have developed a variety of non-invasive
and other techniques to study effects of Inhaled pollut-
ant'- on the lung. In the area of airway mechanics they
have developed and applied a diameter gauge to
make continuous measurements of large airways cali-
ber. The gauge provides an electric output, the au-
thors have also developed and validated rapid meth-
ods for non-invash/ely measuring respiratory mechan-
ics using forced random noise excitation at the mouth.
The resulting respiratory impedance data are applied
to appropriate models to obtain values for parameters
such as 'central' and 'peripheral' airways resistance. In
the area of repiratory epithelial function they have de-
veloped a nontraumatic technique to measure transe-
plthellal potential difference across respiratory (nasal
and airways) epithelium. The authors have also meas-
ured tracheal epithelial permeability in vivo, demon-
. strafing increased permeability and decreased perm-
selectivity in guinea pigs exposed to 4 ppm, 1 ppm and
0.3 ppm 03. In the area of pulmonary vasculature, they
have developed a rapid noninvasive multi-gas re-
breathing technique to measure lung water and used It
to develop an O3 - induced pulmonary caine model of
delayed pulmonary edema using 1 ppm O3.
Keywords: 'Quantitative analysis, 'Respiratory
system, 'Blood chemical analysis, Measurements,
Guinea pigs, Respiration, Lung, Methodology, Blood
circulation, Ozone, Noninvasive tests, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB81-222408 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Exposure and Pulmonary Metabolic Ef-
fects of Mediators and Hormones. Final rept. 20
Nov 76-31 Aug 80,
Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE.
Ibert C. Wells. Jul 81,25p EPA-600/1-81-051
Grant EPA-R-804585
Several physiological effects of ozone exposure in-
volving smooth muscle contracting substances have
been studied in Sprague-Dawley derived, male rats
whose body weights were in the range of 180-250
grams and whose ages were In the range of 45-60
days. The ozone concentration of Interest was 0.5-1.0
ppm and the exposure time was four hours. However,
higher concentrations of ozone and longer exposure
times were sometimes employed. It was observed that
December 1983 1121
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the exposure of these rats to ozone concentrations of
0.5 or 1.0 ppm for 4.0 hours produced the following ef-
fects in their lungs: (a) caused the release of prostag-
landin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and thromboxane A2
(TXA2), (b) increased the angiotensin converting
enzyme activity, and (c) decreased the uptake of sero-
tonin from the blood. Histamine and slow reacting sub-
stance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) were not released nor
was the histamine forming capacity of the lung altered.
Edema formation was observed in the rats from one
supplier, but not in those from another and succinoxi-
dase activity was observed to be decreased by short
exposure to ozone and increased by long exposure, as
reported by previous investigators.
Keywords: *Ozone, 'Toxicology, Physiological effects,
Rats, Age, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Lung, Muscles, Respiratory system, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-222689 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NO.
Inhibition of Induced Differentiation of C3H/1OT
1/2 Clone 8 Mouse Embryo Cells by Tumor Pro-
moter*. Journal article,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Sukdeb Mondal, and Charles Heidelberger. Jut 81,8p
EPA-600/J-80-306
Grant EPA-R-805208
Pub. in Cancer Research 40, p334-3381980.
C3H/10T 1/2 cells were induced to differentiate into
muscle cells by treatment with 5-azacytidine, and the
effects of tumor promoters, npnpromoters, and inhibi-
tors of tumor promotion on this induced differentiation
were investigated. Cell morphology was dramatically
changed within 30 min after treatment with phorbol
ester-related tumor promoters and mezereine but not
with other tumor promoters. There was a good correla-
tion between the tumor-promoting activity of the com-
pounds and their inhibitory action on differentiation
except in case of phenobarbital; this promoter of liver
carcinogenesis did not inhibit differentiation. Inhibitors
of tumor promotion, dexamethasone, fluocinolone
acetonide, retinoic acid, and antipain, also inhibited the
5-azacytidine-induced differentiation with 12-0-tetra-
decanpylphorbol-13-acetate, a potent tumor promoter,
and simultaneously with one of those inhibitors of
tumor promotion, the inhibitory action of 12-0-tetrade-
canoylphorbol-13-acetate was not affected. From
these facts, it is evident that using a single phenome-
non produced by one class of tumor promoter as a cri-
terion for screening environmental tumor promoters in
not justifiable.
Keywords: 'Inhibitors, 'Cells(Biology), Muscles, Neo-
plasms, Cell morphology, Mice, Embryos, Reprints,
Azacytldine, 'Tumor promotors.
PB81-222697 PC A02/MF A01
Blotorptlon of Hydrophoblc Organic Pollutants by
Mixed Mlcroblal Populations. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
William C. Steen, and Samuel W. Karickhoff. 24 Nov
80,8p EPA-600/ J-81 -200
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n1 p27-321981.
In recognition of the need to estimate biosorption for
natural microbial populations, the variability of partition
coefficients for two hydrophobic pollutants to natural
populations from a variety of aquatic systems was in-
vestigated. Biosorption partition coefficients for pyrene
(2.461+0.8) X 10,000) and phenanthrene (6.34(+1) x
1,000) were nearly constant over 14 different microbial
sources, consisting of sediments and soils from eight
states. For these condensed ring aromatics, semi-em-
pirical equations were developed relating biosorption
partition coefficients to octanol/water partition coeffi-
cients and to water solubility and melting point. Con-
cepts and relationships developed for these materials
should extend to other families of hydrophobic com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Contaminants, Organic
compounds, Pyrenes, Phenanthrene, Sediments,
Soils, Water pollution, Hazardous materials, Reprints,
'Btoaccumulation.
PB81-222705 PC A02/MF A01
An Analogue Echogram Range Gate Tracker for
Clinical Echocardlography. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mathew L. Petrovick, George S. Malindzak, and
Edward D. Haak. 1979,14p EPA-600/J-79-131
Pub. in Jnl. of Medical Systems, v3 n1/2 p95-106
1979.
The fundamental purpose of this paper is to present
the results of a feasibility study for an on-line, real-time
automatic range gate tracker (ARGT) for clinical echo-
cardiography specifically for the purpose of determin-
ing cardiac output noninvasively and in real time. The
basic ARGT design represents an implementation of
specific algorithms and a system controller that permit
user interaction and interpretation of clinical echocar-
diograms. In its analytical mode, the ARGT automati-
cally tracks cardiac echoes as visually perceived and
selected by the user. While tracking specific cardiac
echoes, the ARGT converts the complex ultrasonic
echogram into a pair meaningful analogue signals
(corresponding to the motion of the anterior and poste-
rior left ventricular walls) from which dimensional infor-
mation corresponding to dynamic geometric changes
of the heart are derived. From this information, the car-
diac output is computed in real time.
Keywords: 'Medical equipment, Feasibility study,
Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Echocardiography,
Noninvasiye tests, 'Medical computer applications,
'Diagnostic equipment.
PB81-222713
PC A02/MF A01
Response of Lead Solubility to Dissolved Carbon-
ate In Drinking Water. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Michael R. Schock. 1980,12p EPA-600/ J-80-294
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v72
n12 p695-704 Dec 80. Errata sheet inserted.
A model is presented showing the detailed response
of the theoretical solubility curves for lead to changes
in dissolved inorganic carbonate concentration (TIC)
and pH at 25 C. Aqueous Pb(ll) ion, lead carbonate
complexes, lead hydroxide monomers and polymers,
and the solids lead hydroxide, cerussite and hydrocer-
ussite were considered. Results of pipe loop solubility
experiments at log TIC(mol/L) values of -3.6, -3.0 and -
2.7 (25, 100 and 200 mg/L as CaC03) are presented.
The model agrees very well with these data, as well as
with previously published pipe coupon tests and pre-
cipitation data at high TIC. The predicted minimum
molar solubility of lead is shown to increase by a factor
of approximately 2 to 10,000 over that predicted by
previous two-solid phase models that ignored lead car-
bonate complexes. Further, a general reversal in trend
occurs with increasing TIC and curve shapes are
greatly changed in contrast with those previous
models. Reduction of lead levels to below 0.05 mg/L
in standing samples purely by hydroxide and carbon-
ate solubility considerations is possible, but only under
very restricted pH and TIC conditions.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Lead(Metal), 'Mathemati-
cal models, Solubility, Carbonates,
Concentration(Composition), Pipes(Tubes), Plumbing,
Public health, Comparison, Water pollution, Reprints,
Drinking water.
PB81-222721 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesti-
cides and Related Compounds In Human and En-
vironmental Samples,
Lafayette Coll., Easton, PA. Dept. of Chemistry.
Joseph Sherma. Apr 81,468p* EPA-600/2-81 -059
Contract EPA-68-02-2474
See also Jan 79, PB-298 711.
This manual provides the pesticide chemist with a sys-
tematic protocol for the quality control of analytical
procedures and the problems that arise in the analysis
of human or environmental media. It also serves as a
guide to the latest and most reliable methodology
available for the analysis of pesticide residues in these
and other sample matrices. The sections dealing with
inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the evalua-
tion and standardization of materials used, and the op-
eration of the gas chromatograph are intended to high-
light and provide advice in dealing with many problems
which constantly plague the pesticide analytical chem-
ist. Many aspects of the problem areas involved in ex-
traction and isolation techniques for pesticides in vari-
ous types of samples are discussed. Techniques tor
confirming the presence or absence of pesticides in
sample materials are treated at some length. This
highly important area provides validation of data op-
tamed by the more routine analytical procedures. Trie
gas chromatograph, being the principal instrument cur-
rently used in pesticide analysis, often requires simple
servicing or troubleshooting. A section addressing
some of these problems is included. Last, but by no
means least in importance, is a short dissertation 01
the value and need for systematic training programs
for pesticide chemists.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Quality
control, 'Manuals, Sampling, Gas chromatography.
Performance evaluation, Thin layer chromatograpny.
Separation, Urine, Residues, Carbamates, Extraction,
Concentration(Composition), Extractions, Phosphorus
organic compounds, High performance liquid chroma-
tography, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB81-223067 CP T08
MOBILE2: Computer Tape Containing Program to
Simulate Mobile Source Emissions, Generating
Emission Factors for Three Pollutants. Model-Sim-
ulation, .
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Jay Wallace, and Lois Platte. Mar 81, mag tape* EPA/
DF-81/007 ,
Supersedes Rept. no. EPA/DF-81/005, PB81-208035.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can M
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, ana
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
MOBILE2 is an integrated set of FORTRAN routines
for use in the analysis of the air pollution impact 01
highway mobile sources. MOBILE2 can be utilized In a
wide variety of air pollution planning functions-
MOBILE2 is an undate of its predecessor MOBILE!.
MOBILE2 calculates emission factors for three emis-
sions (HC, CO, and NOx) and eight vehicle types in
three regions of the country. Further, MOBILE2 calcu-
lates emission estimates for various ambient, usage.
and locality dependent conditions such as tempera-
ture, speed, mileage accumulation distributions, vehi-
cle miles travelled distributions, etc.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, *Ex-
haust emissions, Computer programming, Fortran, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Mag-
netic tapes, 'MOBILE 2 system, Emission factors.
PB81-223265 PC A08/MF A01
Ad Hoc International Meeting of Regulatory Offi-
cials on Alignment of Noise Test Procedures Held
at Washington, DC., on December 9-12,1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30Apr81,167p*
The information is presented in six product categories:
Construction Equipment, Domestic Appliances, Mis-
cellaneous, Railroads, Motor Vehicles, and Aircraft.
For each category, two charts are presented. The flr»'
identified the specific products within the category.
and the status (existing, under development, or antici-
pated) of regulation development, by country. The
second chart presented detailed information on the
regulations on a product by product basis.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Meetings, Construction
equipment, Electric appliances, Boats, Agricultural ma-
chinery, Railroads, Motor vehicles, Aircraft, Noise re-
duction, Regulations, Noise sources.
PB81-223299 PC A06/MF A01
Geothermal Environmental Assessment Baselln*
Study: Vegetation and Soils of the Roosevelt Hot
Springs Geothermal Resource Area,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. W. Brown, and G. B. Wiersma. Jul 81,109p EPA-
600/4-81-060
Identification and elemental concentrations of indige-
nous soil and plant systems found on the Roosevelt
1122 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hot Spring KGRA are described. Twenty-three dlffer-
ent soils and five separate plant communities are geo-
Qfaphically mapped and identified. One hundred forty-
seven plant species were identified. Forbs, shrubs,
and grasses are represented by 58,53, and 36 species
respectively. Three sites, each measuring 25 hectares,
were selected for long-term vegetative assessment. At
'nese locations a permanent enclosure measuring
24.4 meters x 24.4 meters was constructed to assess
long-term effects of livestock grazing. Biomass, plant
species, percentage composition, ground cover and
livestock carrying capacities were determined at each
sne. Surface sons and Artemisia tridentata leaf tissue
were collected for elemental analysis.
Keywords: Vegetation, Soils, Soil analysis, Soil chem-
istry, Grasses, Shrubs, Lithium, Plants(Botany), 'Roo-
sevelt Hot Springs, 'Geothermal resources, KGRA,
isothermal fluids.
PB81-223471 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Resource Recovery from Plastic and Glass
Wastes. Final rept.,
pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
Jon Huls, and Tom Archer. Jul 81,161 p EPA-600/2-
81-123
Contract EPA-68-03-2708
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of assessing and evaluating State-of-the-Art
'or recovery of glass and plastic from solid waste. Lit-
erature was gathered from numerous sources, con-
tacts were made with industrial and recycling organiza-
"013, and questionnaires were distributed among ap-
plicable firms involved in glass and plastic recovery.
Uata derived from literature was collected, reduced
and evaluated for technical, economic, and environ-
Jnental content. Both glass and plastic industries were
Characterized by processes, material flows, economic
jtyhamics, and waste generated. Methods for recov-
ery, (e.g., collecting, aggregating, processing and tran-
sportating), and recycling were identified. Economic
and environmental parameters are provided. Currently,
*bor-intensive source separation of glass and plastic
Predominate, although mechanical recovery will
achieve greater importance in the years ahead. Finally,
fesearch activities and State-of-the-Art activities in for-
™9n countries are identified. Where feasible, their rela-
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Glasses, Plastics, Re-
cfcuiation, Economic analysis, Industrial wastes, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Technology, 'Solid wastes,
Waste recycling, 'Glass recycling, 'Plastics recy-
cling, state of the art.
f 881-223505 PC A06/MF A01
'ndustrtal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Economic Analysis of Wet Versus Dry Ash Dis-
posal Systems. Final rept. Jan 79-Sep 80,
'ennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga.
Michael P. Bahor, and Ken L Ogie. Jan 81,125p EPA-
600/7-81-013
The report gives results of an analysis of the econom-
*s of both wet and dry methods of coal ash disposal,
under a specific series of assumptions. It indicates
{Tends in ash disposal costs and includes an evalua-
vpn of system components including: in-plant handling
systems (vacuum, pressure), transportation systems
JWpellne, truck, conveyor, pneumatic systems), dis-
jjosal area (flat topography, narrow valley, wide valley),
jjnd environmental/engineering considerations (liner
"*• no liner, compaction vs. no compaction). The effect
P.'Power plant size (300, 600, 900, 1300, and 2600
]™W) was also evaluated. For each case considered,
capitel and first year operating and maintenance costs
were calculated, then evaluated over the estimated
35-year plant life, using both present worth and total
system cost analyses. Study conclusions included: of
*" factors considered, site topography has the great-
est Influence on ash disposal costs; dry disposal Is the
'east-cost alternative for flat sites and for many valley
sites; and for small plants or short hauling distances,
"fuck transport is the least-cost alternative for dry ash
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fly ash, 'Economic
analysis, Coal, Trends, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Substitutes, Electric power plants, Air pollution,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Coal fired
power plants, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB81-224180 PC A99/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1980. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
Apr 81,632p USGS/WRD/HD-80037, USGS-WRD-
MI-80-1
See also 1979, PB80-208556.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels, water
quality, and water temperature of ground-water wells.
This report contains discharge records for 180 gaging
stations; stage only records for 4 gaging stations;
stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water
quality for 62 continuous-record stations; and water
levels for 52 observation wells. Also included are 87
crest-stage partial-record stations and 62 low-flow par-
tial-record stations. Additional water data were collect-
ed at various sites, not part of the systematic data-col-
lection program, and are published as miscellaneous
measurements. These data represent that part of the
National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Ge-
ological Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies In Michigan.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Water table, Reservoirs, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Dfscharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-224289 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Materials Balance for Dyes and Pigments from
Benzldlne and Three Benzldlne Derivatives. Final
rept,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Thomas W. Lapp, Thomas L. Ferguson, Howard
Gadberry, Fritz Hoffmeister, and Fred Hopkins. May
81,223p EPA/560/2-81 /001
Contract EPA-68-01 -3896
The processes for and losses resulting from the manu-
facture of dyes and pigments are presented. Con-
sumption profiles and estimated losses are summa-
rized for bisazobiphenyl (BAB) dyes in the textile,
leather, and paper industries and for pigments in the
rubber, plastics, printing ink, textile printing, and coat-
ings industries. During dye production, losses occur in
by-products, process venting, process losses, product
filtration, and transfer and handling of solid dyes. For
1978, about 80% of the total BAB dye used in the tex-
tile, paper, and leather industries was incorporated into
the final product and 20% was lost to solid waste or
wastewater. Losses in wastewater were about 50%
greater than in solid waste. During pigment production,
losses result from soluble by-products and handling
and transfer losses. In 1978, estimated total losses
due to handling and transfer of pigments during pro-
duction were 190,000 to 558,000 Ib. The printing ink in-
dustry consumed the majority of the total pigment pro-
duction. In 1978, about 75% of the total pigment used
in the five industries was incorporated into the final
product and 25% was lost to wastewater or solid
waste. Essentially all of the pigment loss was as solid
waste with very small quantities in wastewater.
Keywords: 'Material balance, 'Dyes, 'Pigments, Tex-
tile Industry, Paper industry, Sampling, Plastic, Paints,
Rubbers, Manufacturing, Leather, Tanning materials,
Printing, 'Benzidine, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB81-224362 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Protein Recovery From Beef Packing Effluent
Final rept. 1977-81,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
John C. Ward, Walter Adams, and H. Chr. Isaksen. Jun
81,178p' EPA/600/2-81/112
Grant EPA-S-804505
Prepared in cooperation with Sterling Colorado Beef
Company, Sterling, CO. and Alwatech, Oslo, Norway.
The wastewater from a beef packing plant contained
4,600 mg/1 COD and 2,500 mg/1 of suspended
solids. A physiochemical wastewater treatment proc-
ess that recovers protein removed 80% of the oxygen
demand and suspended solids, and 94% of the fat, oil,
and grease. Total cost was $3 per 1,000 gallons (44%
capital costs). About 2 pounds of protein were recov-
ered per head. A price of 42 cents per pound of protein
would pay all costs. The discharge of BOD was re-
duced to less than 3 pounds per head. For every
pound of BOD entering the wastewater treatment
plant, 0.77 pounds of product was recovered with a
composition of 38% protein, 11 % grease and oil, 27%
inorganic solids, and 24% other solids (dry weight
basis). This wastewater treatment process can be
used as a pretreatment process for beef packing efflu-
ent prior to discharge to a conventional sewage treat-
ment plant. A literature survey covering 7 different beef
packing wastewater treatment processes was devel-
oped from 87 papers and reports. The cost figures
given above were observed in a full scale plant and
should not change significantly with different size
wastewater treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Proteins, 'Water pollution control, 'Food
packaging, 'Beef, Industrial waste treatment, Materi-
als recovery, Cost analysis, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Operating costs, Capitalized costs.
PB81-224420 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Inorganic Contaminant Removal from Drinking
Water by Reverse Osmosis,
Charlotte Harbor Water Association, Inc., Harbour
Heights, FL.
Martin R. Huxstep. Jul 81,73p* EPA-600/2-81 -115
EPA-R-805207
The experimental data show the high-pressure system
to be much more effective than the low-pressure
system for the removal of all contaminants and natural
constituents. The high-pressure system had rejections
ranging from 78 to 99 percent, and the low-pressure
system from 20 to 85 percent. Rejections varied with
the specific contaminants, but the order from best to
least was the same for both systems: arsenic V, fluo-
ride, arsenic III, and nitrate. Because of the low rejec-
tions, the low-pressure system was able to achieve the
EPA maximum contaminant levels when the feed
water concentrations were only slightly above them.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Inorganic compounds,
Potable water, Pilot plants, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, High pressure tests, Low
pressure tests, Fluorides, Inorganic nitrates, Arsenic,
'Reverse osmosis.
PB81-224982 PC A03/MF A01
An Evaluation of Three-Way Control Single and
Dual Bed Catalysts as Applied to Hsavy-Duty Gas-
oline Engines. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Thomas Nugent. Apr 81,30p EPA-AA-SDSB-81 -4
A test program to evaluate the applicability of three-
way control (TWO) and dual-bed catalysts (TWC and
Oxidation Catalysts) in combination with a closed-loop
Pollution Control Laboratory. Testing was conducted
according to the Federal test procedure for the heavy-
duty transient cycle. The test program consisted of
forty-six cold-start tests, fifty-eight confirmatory hot-
start tests run to insure accuracy and precision of the
cold-start tests, and fourteen hot-start tests run to
identify the effects of air/fuel ratio control points on
NOx emissions. The effects of various combinations of
catalysts, EGR, air/fuel ratio control points, carburetor
response times and air pump capacity on emissions,
fuel economy and engine power were examined.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Gasoline engines, 'Cata-
lytic converters, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Fuel consumption, Carburetors, Feed-
back control, Performance evaluation, Heavy duty ve-
hicles, Heavy duty engines.
December 1983 1123
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-225S42 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Summary of Technical Information for Selected
Volatile Organic Compound Source Categories.
Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
May 81,235p* EPA/400/3-81 /007
Contract EPA-68-01-4146
This document is a compilation of existing information
of varying detail based on a review of the technical lit-
erature, published and unpublished EPA, State and
local agency reports, and State or local air pollution
control regulations concerning eighteen stationary
sources of volatile organic compound emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Organic compounds,
Sources, Regulations, State government, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Station-
ary sources.
PB81-225559 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Combustion Systems: Volume V: Industrial
Combustion Sources. Final rept. Sep 76-Apr 81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
N. F. Surprenant, W. Battye, D. Roeck, and S. M.
Sandberg. 1981,203p EPA-600/7-81 -003c
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also Volume 3, PB81-145195.
The report characterizes air emissions from industrial
external combustion sources and is the last of a series
of five reports characterizing emissions from conven-
tional combustion sources. The emissions character-
ization of industrial combustion sources was based on
a critical examination of existing data, followed by a
modified Level 1 sampling and analysis approach to
resolve data gaps. Tests were conducted at 32 exter-
nal combustion sites. Emissions assessment results
indicate that air emissions from these sources repre-
sent a potential environmental hazard. Criteria pollut-
ant emissions, except for CO, from most of the source
categories tested are environmentally significant. Par-
ticulate sulfate emissions from coal- and wood-fired
sources and SO3 emissions from two coal-fired
sources are also significant. In addition, emissions of
several trace elements are of concern: As, Be, Cl, Co,
Cr, Fe, K, Li, Na, Ni, P, and Pb from coal-fired external
combustion sources; Ni, Cr, P, and V from distillate oil
sources; and Cl, Cr, Na, Ni, Si, and V from residual oil
sources. Several potentially hazardous POM com-
pounds were tentatively identified in the emissions
from solid-fuel-fired sources; however, further study is
needed to positively identify the compounds.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Sources, Polycyclic compounds, Field tests, Boilers,
Electrical power plants, Sulfur trioxide, 'Stationary
sources.
PB81-225773 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Survey.
Quarterly rept. Jan-Mar 81,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, N. Gregory, and K. Scalf. Aug 81,
308p EPA-600/7-81-012C
Contract EPA-68-01-6310
See also PB81-187791.
This report is the first of three supplements updating
the October-December 1980 report PB81-187791 and
should be used In conjunction with It. The report, which
is generated by a computerized data base system, pre-
sents a survey of operational and planned domestic
utility flue gas desulfurlzation (FQD) systems, oper-
ational domestic particle scrubbers, and Japanese
coal-fired utility boiler FGD installations. It summarizes
information contributed by the utility Industry, process
suppliers, regulatory agencies, and consulting engi-
neering firms. Domestic FGD systems are tabulated al-
phabetically by development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process and waste disposal
practice. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. It includes unit by unit dependability param-
eters and discusses problems and solutions associat-
ed with the boilers and FGD systems. Process flow
diagrams and FGD system economic data are append-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Electric power plants,
Waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Boilers, Design criteria, Scrubbers, Flue gases,
Surveys, Economic analysis, 'Coal fired power plants,
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-225823 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos In Schools. Final rept. May 79-Mar 81,
Bartelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Janice L. Patton, Carl W. Melton, Eric W. Schmidt,
Julius S. Ogden, and Curtis Bridges. 31 Mar 81',264p
EPA-560/5-81-02
Contract EPA-68-01-3858
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Four approaches to assessing the potential for asbes-
tos exposure in schools were evaluated: (1) a pro-
posed exposure-ranking system or algorithm, (2) bulk
sampling and analysis of the asbestos-containing ma-
terials, (3) a measurement of stimulated fiber release,
and (4) air sampling. The scoring consistency was
evaluated for the factors in the algorithm; friability and
activity was scored with the least consistency, and ex-
posure and the presence of air-moving systems with
the most consistency. Scoring consistency improved
with rater training. The variability in the determination
of asbestos content was found to be associated with
process. False negatives were found to occur, even at
asbestos levels greater than 10 percent. The potential
for release of fibers by physical disturbance of the as-
bestos-containing material was demonstrated with the
use of a vibrator in contact with ceilings in schools; the
releasability was found to increase with asbestos con-
tent and friability. Only a limited effort was devoted to
air sampling, it was done for short periods (1 hour), and
the analyses were done by phase microscopy (which
detects only the fibers longer than 5 microns with an
aspect ratio greater than 3:1). The airborne fiber levels
were less than 0.07 fibers/cc in all cases but one.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, Exposures,
Sampling, Tables(Data), Air pollution, Algorithms,
Concentration(Composition), 'Indoor air pollution.
PB81-225849 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos-Containing Materials In School Build-
Ings: Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance
Program. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
E. P. Brantly, Jr. Mar 81,34p 4901-A26, EPA-560/5-
81-001
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst,
Research Triangle Park, NC. See also report dated
Aug80,PB80-217243.
The second round of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) voluntary quality assurance (QA) pro-
gram for commercial laboratories claiming capability in
the polarized light microscope analysis of bulk sam-
ples for asbestos was conducted in August and Sep-
tember, 1980. Seventy-six laboratories each received
bulk samples of two asbestiform minerals and two
nonasbestos materials: amosite, crocidolite, cellulose,
and wollastonite. A performance rating based on cor-
rect classification of positive (asbestos) and negative
(nonasbestos) samples was scored for and reported to
participating laboratories. Among the inaccurate re-
sults reported were 3 false negatives (crocidolite) and
32 false positives (3 cellulose, 29 wollastonite). QA
program results are made available to the laboratories,
the EPA, and the public. Continuation of the QA pro-
gram with future sample sets is anticipated.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, Sampling,
Quality assurance, Performance evaluation Cellulose,
Tables(Data), Air pollution, 'Indoor air pollution, Amo-
site, Crocidolite, Wollastonite.
PB81-225948 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
FGDIS Primer: Major Equipment/Component Clas-
sifications, Problem/Solution Access Codes, and
Definitions Related to FGD Systems as Contained
In the Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Information
System (FGDIS).
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
May81,135p*
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also report dated Mar 81, PB81 -162505.
This document was prepared to acquaint users of the
FGDIS data base (and to a lesser extent, EPA utility
FGD survey report recipients) with the major equip-
ment and component classification used in the system.
In addition, it contains such things as the problem ana
solution codes used in conjuntion with the FGD system
performance data, as well as definitions of common
terminology used to describe FGD systems and power
plants in general. Along with the classifications of the
various complex equipment items and components
that comprise FGD systems, brief functional descrip-
tions and illustrations are provided. This is intended to
provide FGDIS systern users with a basic understand-
ing of these major equipment items.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution, Flue
gases, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Equipment, Design criteria, *ehia
gas desulfurization information system.
•Flue
PB81-226078 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA-
Region III.
Calculations from Compliance Emissions of Lonfl-
and Short-Term SO2 Concentrations In the South-
west Pennsylvania Air Quality Control Region.
Final rept. 1979-80.
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
May81,235pTR-81-136-01, EPA-903/9-81-001
Contract EPA-68-02-2547
This report describes the results of dispersion-model
calculations of maximum annual, 24-hour and 3-hour
average ground-level SO2 concentrations for selected
areas in the Southwest Pennsylvania Air Quality Con-
trol Region (AQCR). The primary purpose of the model
calculations was to assist EPA Region III and the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Re-
sources in determining the attainment or non-attain-
ment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for SO2 in the Beaver Valley and Monongs-
hela Valley Air Basins exclusive of Allegheny County-
All of the dispersion-model calculations were made
using the LONGZ and SHORTZ dispersion models
with 1980 compliance emissions inventories contain-
ing 492 major SO2 sources located within the South-
west Pennsylvania AQCR and in Ohio and West Virgin-
ia near the western border of the AQCR. The only cal-
culated maximum that exceeds the NAAQS for SO2 is
the maximum annual average concentration at an iso-
lated grid point located on high terrain about 1 kilome-
ter north of the Monessen Plant of Wheeling-Pitts-
burgh Steel. The model calculations also indicate con-
tributions of major SO2 sources located along the Ohio
River in Ohio and West Virginia to the air quality in the
Southwest Pennsylvania AQCR.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Concentration(Composition), Pennsylva-
nia, Transport properties, Monitoring, Inventories, *Alf
quality control region, Numerical solution.
PB81-226110 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Use of a Vegetative Filter Zone to Control Fine-
Qralned Sediments from Surface Mines. Final rept.,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Steve C. Albrecht, and Billy J. Barfield. Mar 81,171p
Prepared in cooperation with Hittman Associates, Inc.,
Lexington, KY. Appalachian and Midwestern Regional
Office.
This project was initiated with the specific purpose of
conducting a field test on vegetation as a viable sedi-
ment trapping medium. From the onset, the project
was wholly designed for a field evaluation under typical
mining conditions. The filter area was constructed di-
rectly below an abandoned surface mine bench, on
typical soil types found in mined areas of Eastern Ken-
tucky. The outslope located above the filter was the
primary area from which sediment-laden drainage was
to be diverted to the inlet monitoring station. Sediment-
1124 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
laden water samples were collected at the inlet flume
for comparison with samples collected at the outlet
flume to permit evaluation of the sediment removal ca-
pability of the vegetative filter.
Keywords: *Coal mines, "Vegetation, 'Soil stabiliza-
tion, 'Water pollution control. Surface mining, Field
tests, Drainage, Monitoring, Removal, Traps, Design
criteria, Effectiveness, Surface waters, Rivers, Mining,
Kentucky, Tables(Data).
PB81-226128 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
A Statistical Evaluation of OHMSETT Testing. Final
got.
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
Diane M. Foster, Sol H. Schwartz, and Gary F. Smith.
Jul 81,39p EPA-600/2-81 -124
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
This program was initiated to provide a statistical eval-
uation of performance data generated at the USEPA's
Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental
Test Tank (OHMSETT). The objective was to investi-
gate the value of replicate testing in developing effi-
cient test programs giving the maximum reliable infor-
mation from the minimum number of tests. This study
was set up in two separate programs, each consisting
of 24 tests: one program where 24 different conditions
were tested and a second program where three repli-
cates each of eight different conditions were tested. A
comparison was then possible between the two types
of programs. The 3-replicate test matrix was dupficat-
• ed to produce six replicates and the validity of the non-
replicate and 3-replicate programs was evaluated with
respect to the 6-replicate data. Parameters affecting
device performance studied in this program were tow
speed, wave condition, oil type, and oil slick thickness.
These parameters were tested at various levels, with
device performance evaluated in terms of throughput
efficiency (the ratio of oil collected to oil encountered).
Comparisons between point estimates and confidence
intervals, graphic trend analysis, and analysis of vari-
ance were all examined. The results of this program in-
dicate a need for replicate testing to provide accurate
estimates of performance parameters, significant ef-
fects and performance trends.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, Water pollution, Tests, Per-
formance evaluation, Comparison, Trends, 'Oil and
hazardous materials simulated environmental test
tank.
PB81-226136 PC A03/MF A01
Heath Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
— •«**• btAiviim miiwiiy 0nmiiiivi». r IMCU 10^1.,
Vale Univ., New Haven, CT. Dept. of Epidemiology and
Public Health.
Rebecca L Calderon, and Eric W. Mood. May 81,50p
Grant EPA-80234
Two epidemiological studies of otitls extema were con-
ducted, one was a prospective study conducted In the
summer of 1979 which compared boy scouts at camp
that swam In a fresh water lake with boy scouts at an-
other camp that swam in a chlorinated swimming pool,
and the other was a retrospective study conducted at
Vale University during the summer of 1980. The pro-
spective study yielded no cases of otitls externa; the
retrospective study compared 29 cases with 29 con-
trols who were matched by age and sex. In the pro-
spective study a higher relative humidity at the camp
where the boy scouts swam in a chlorinated pool was
associated with a greater degree of abnormal flora col-
onization of the ear (Gram-negative bacteria and S.
aureus). In the retrospective study, positive associa-
tion was demonstrated with cases of otitis extema for
ambient air temperatures, water temperature, less
than 18 years of age, being female, swimming and
length of time spent swimming. There was no associa-
tion between cases of otitls externa and water quality
as measured by fecal coliforms enterococci and P.
aeruginosa and between abnormal flora colonization
of the ear with bacterial indices of water quality.
Keywords: *Ear diseases, Epidemiology, Infectious
diseases, Fresh water, Age, Sex, Swimming pools,
Chlorinatlon, Humidity, Temperature, Pseudomonas,
Coliform bacteria, Aquatic microbiology, 'Otis externa,
Staphylococcus aureus.
PB81-226144 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities South Shore
Lake Tahoe Basin: South Tahoe Public Utility Dis-
trict, Douglas County Sewer Improvement District
No. 1. Environmental Impact Statement (Final).
Sedway/Cooke, San Francisco, CA.
May 81,218p
Prepared in cooperation with Sedway/Cooke, San
Francisco, CA.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement on the
wastewater treatment programs, proposed by the
South Tahoe Public Utility District and the Douglas
County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, contains
EPA's recommendations on the proposed projects, a
mitigation program, and responses to public comment
and resultant revisions and additions to the Draft EIS,
issued in October of 1979. This document provides a
summary of the many events that have occurred since
the Draft EIS was published, events which have al-
tered the projects originally proposed by the
wastewater agencies. Based on the impact analysis of
various growth scenarios performed in the Draft EIS
and commitments to mitigate primary and secondary
adverse impacts, EPA recommends for South Tahoe
Public Utility District a 7.5 mgd maximum dally flow
wastewater treatment plant which produces second-
ary treated and filtered effluent for agricultural irriga-
tion in Alpine County, California. Possible further plant
expansion is contingent upon approval by various local
and regulatory agencies and adequate performance
under the mitigation program. With respect to the
Douglas County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, a
lack of progress in developing a mitigation program
has resultea in an Agency decision to postpone finaliz-
ing the EIS for that district. Two appendices have been
prepared as part of the Final EIS. Appendix A contains
the written comments submitted on the Draft EIS. Ap-
pendix 6 contains the mitigation program, including im-
plementation statements from the responsible agen-
cies.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Lake Tahoe Basin, Air
pollution, California, Scenarios, Substitutes, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-final, Water quality, Solid
wastes, Land use.
PB81-226151 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
High Altitude Testing of Residential Wood-Fired
Combustion Equipment. Final rept,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
J. A. Peters, and D. G. DeAngelis. Jan 81,48p EPA-
600/2-81-127
Contract EPA-88-03-2550
See also rept. dated Mar 80, PB80-182066.
To determine whether emissions from operating a
wood stove at high altitude differ from those at low alti-
tude, a high altitude sampling program was conducted
which was compared to previously collected low alti-
tude data. Emission tests were conducted In the Identi-
cal model stove using the same type of wood with the
same moisture content, amount of wood charged,
burning rate, air flow rate, and identical sampling Inter-
vals and port locations. Paniculate emissions, carbon
monoxide, and polycyclic organic matter were ana-
lyzed.
Keywords: 'Stoves, *Alr pollution, 'Oak wood, Com-
bustion, Flue gases, Organic compounds, Carbon
monoxide, Residential buildings, Performance tests,
'Wood burning appliances, Particulates.
PB81-226185 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Detection of OH In Water by a Flame Emission
Technique. Final rept.,
NUCOR Corp., Denville, NJ.
Manfred Pragar, and D. Stainken. Jul 81,52p*
Contract EPA-68-03-0205
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Edison, NJ. Region II.
A flame emission technique and basic instrument
design is presented for measuring low concentrations
of oilin oil-contaminated water. The flame emission in-
strument developed in this report would be useful as a
detector for petroleum oils. The flame emission tech-
nique utilizes the selectivity of the hydrocarbon emis-
sion signal (at 431 nm) and oil detection is a function of
the total hydrocarbon concentration. Interference of
metal ions is avoided by employing steam distillation
and condensation techniques to vaporize oil from
sample solutions. The prototype instrument success-
fully detected oil concentrations down to 10 ppm for
oils with vapor pressure equal to or higher than No. 4
fuel oils.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Water analysis, 'Flame
photometry, Water pollution, Hydrocarbons, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, 'Water pollution
detection, 'Flame emission spectroscopy.
PB81-226201 PC EM
Tampa Electric Company, Big Bend Unit 4. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul81,1516p-in3v
Set includes PB81-226219, PB81 -226227, and PB81-
226235.
No abstract available.
PB81-226219 PC A19/MF A01
Tampa Electric Company, Big Bend Unit 4. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul 81, 450p EPA-904/9-81-070
See also Volume 1, PB81 -226227.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
226201.
Tampa Electric Company proposes to construct and
operate a 417 MW (NET) capacity coal-fired electric
generating plant at the existing Big Bend complex ad-
jacent to Hillsborough Bay in west-central Hillsborough
County, Florida. The EIS examines project alterna-
tives, impacts, and mitigative measures related to
groundwater, air, surface water, ecological, and socio-
economic and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
•Electric power plants, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Water quality, Coal, Air pollution, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Tampa Bay, Florida, Coal fired power
plants, Tampa Electric Company, Hillsborough
County(Florida), Water pollution control, Air pollution
control, Air quality.
PB81-226227 PC A19/MF A01
Tampa Electric Company, Big Bend Unit 4. Techni-
cal Reference Document Volume 1. Draft environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 81,439p EPA-904/9-81-070A
See also PB81-226219 and Volume 2, PB81-226235.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
226201.
Tampa Electric Company proposes to construct and
operate a 417 MW (NET) capacity coal-fired electric
generating plant at the existing Big Bend complex ad-
jacent to Hillsborough Bay In west-central Hillsborough
County, Florida. The EIS examines project alterna-
tives, impacts, and mitigative measures related to
groundwater, air, surface water, ecological, and socio-
economic and cultural systems. Volume I describes
the area of interest, discusses power generation alter-
natives, management and site alternatives and alter-
native plant systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
•Electric power plants, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Water quality, Coal, Air pollution, Sulfur oxides. Ni-
trogen oxides, Tampa Bay, Florida, Coal fired power
plants, Tampa Electric Company, Hillsborough
County(Florlda), Water pollution control, Air pollution
control, Air quality.
PB81-226235 PC A89/MF A01
Tampa Electric Company, Big Bend Unit 4. Techni-
cal Reference Document. Volume 2. Draft environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 81,627p EPA-904/9-81-070B
December 1983 1125
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also Volume 1, PB81 -226227.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB81-
226201.
Tampa Electric Company proposes to construct and
operate a 417 MW (NET) capacity coal-fired electric
generating plant at the existing Big Bend complex ad-
jacent to Hillsborough Bay in west-central Hillsborough
County, Florida. The EIS examines project alterna-
tives, impacts, and mitigative measures related to
groundwater, air, surface water, ecological, and socio-
economic and cultural systems. Volume 2 describes
the environmental of the proposed project, discusses
the environmental impacts of the proposed plant as
well as the mitigating measures and monitoring pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
* Electric power plants, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Water quality, Coal, Air pollution, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Tampa Bay, Florida, Coal fired power
plants, Tampa Electric Company, Hillsborough
County(Florida), Water pollution control, Air pollution
control, Air quality.
PB81-226268 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
VOC Emission Control Technologies for Ship
Painting Facilities: Industry Characterization. Final
rept. Mar80-Feb81,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
J. W. Meredith, M. Moskowitz, J. G. Kresky, and D.
Harrison. Jul 81,74p EPA/600/2-81 /131
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the re-
sponsibility of reducing the levels of VOC emissions
from the nation's stationary and mobile sources. The
project was directed at assessing the levels of VOC
emissions from ship painting operations with the intent
of determining the need for research activity in this in-
dustry. A secondary objective was to Identify control
technologies or new technology concepts which may
be used or developed and demonstrated that lowers
the levels of VOC emissions during ship painting. The
investigators reviewed the literature and made direct
contact with the ship building and repairing industry to
develop their conclusions and recommendations on
technology concepts. On a combined basis the 76
largest shipyards in the U.S. were found to currently
emit 41 to 95 metric tons (45 to 105 short tons) of VOC
into the atmosphere each operating day. Military paint-
ing account for approximately 50 percent of that
volume. The technology approach for potentially re-
ducing the VOC emissions levels are paint reformula-
tion and increase transfer efficiency of the painting
equipment.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Painting, Ships,
Technology, Organic compounds, Assessments,
Metal coatings, 'volatile organic compounds.
PB81-226342 PC E99
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
May79,1181p-in6v
Set includes PB81 -226359, PB81-226367, PB81-
226375, PB81 -226383, PB81 -226391 and PB81-
226409.
No abstract available.
PB81-226359 PC A16/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
May 79,358j> EPA-430/1 -79-002
Grant EPA-T900-710-02
See also PB81-226367.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented is a compilation of over 3000 abstracts on
print and non-print materials related to water qualify
and water resources education. Entries are included
from all levels of governmental sources, private con-
cerns, and educational institutions. Each entry In-
cludes title, author, cross references, descriptors, and
availability. Also Included are procedures Illustrating
how instructors and program developers in the water
quality control field can locate instructional materials
to meet their program needs and requirements.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System, "Water quality.
PB81-226367 PC A09/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Supplement I (1979-80).
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Nov79,184p
Grant EPA-T900-710-03
See also PB81 -226359 and PB81 -226375.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented are abstracts and indexes to selected print
and non-print materials related to wastewater treat-
ment, water quality, and water resources education
and instruction. Entries are included from all levels of
governmental sources, private concerns and educa-
tional institutions. Each entry Includes: title, author,
cross references, descriptors, and availability. Also In-
cluded are procedures illustrating how Instructors and
program developers In the water quality control field
can locate Instructional materials to meet their needs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System, 'Water quality.
PB81-226375 PC A07/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Supplement II (1980).
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Mar 80,147p
Grant EPA-f 900-710-03
See also PB81 -226367 and PB81 -226383.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented are abstracts and indexes to selected print
and non-print materials related to wastewater treat-
ment, water quality, and water resources education
and instruction. Entries are included from all levels of
governmental sources, private concerns and educa-
tional institutions. Each entry includes: title, author,
cross references, descriptors, and availability. Also in-
cluded are procedures Illustrating how instructors and
program developers in the water quality control field
can locate instructional materials to meet their needs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System,'Water quality.
PB81-226383 PC A08/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Supplement III (1980),
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
JulSO, 167p
Grant EPA-T900-710-03
See also PB81-226375 and PB81-226391.
Also available In set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented are abstracts and Indexes to selected print
and non-print materials related to wastewater treat-
ment, water quality, and water resources education
and instruction. Entries are included from all levels of
governmental sources, private concerns and educa-
tional institutions. Each entry Includes: title, author,
cross references, descriptors, and availability. Also In-
cluded are procedures illustrating how instructors and
program developers in the water quality control field
can locate instructional materials to meet their needs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System, 'Water quality.
PB81-226391 PC A09/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Supplement IV (1980).
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Oct 80,185p
Grant EPA-T901-184-01
See also PB81-226383 and PB81 -226409.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented are abstracts and indexes to selected print
and non-print materials related to wastewater treat-
ment, water quality, and water resources education
and Instruction. Entries are Included from all levels of
governmental sources, private concerns and educa-
tional institutions. Each entry includes: title, author,
cross references, descriptors, and availability. Also in-
cluded are procedures illustrating how Instructors and
program developers in the water quality control field
can locate instructional materials to meet their needs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System, 'Water quality.
PB81-226409 PC A09/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Water Quality Instructional Resources Informa-
tion System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to
Water Quality and Water Resources Materials.
Supplement V (1981).
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Mar 81,1800
Grant EPA-T901-184-01
See also PB81 -226391.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB81-
226342.
Presented are abstracts and Indexes to selected print
and non-print materials related to wastewater treat-
ment, water quality, and water resources education
and instruction. Entries are included from all levels of
governmental sources, private concerns and educa-
tional institutions. Each entry includes: title, author,
cross references, descriptors, and availability. Also In-
cluded are procedures illustrating how instructors and
program developers in the water quality control field
can locate instructional materials to meet their needs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Bibliographies, Educa-
tion, Abstracts, Instructional materials, Information
systems, 'Instructional Resources Information
System,'Water quality.
PB81-226680 PC A02/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the ULX-15 and ULX-1SD Under
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,25p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-4
On January 19,1981, the EPA received a request from
Fuelteck Corporation for evaluation of a fuel saving
device termed ULX-15 and ULX-15D. These devices
are fuel additives that are claimed to Improve gasoline
and dlesel engine combustion and thereby increase
fuel economy. This document announces the conclu-
sions of the EPA evaluation of the ULX-15 and ULX-
15D additives under provisions of section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Fuel
additives, Automotive fuels, Exhaust emissions, Eval-
uation, ULX-15 additives, ULX-150 additives.
1126 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-226706 PC A03/MF A01
ePA Evaluation of tha Platinum Qaaavar Device
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
von and Coat Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C. Shelton. May 81,36p EPA-AA-TEB-511-81-14
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
"Valuation of the 'Platinum Gasaver' device under pro-
vistons of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. On February 1.1981, the EPA
[ecelved a request from Pegusus Enterprises for eval-
uation of a fuel saving device termed 'Platinum Ga-
saver'. This device is claimed '...to improve mileage at
™ast 20% and to cut down on harmful emissions.'This
oevice consists of a Gasaver instrument which is filled
with 12 ounces of Gasaver solution. A line from the
{jjasaver instrument is connected to a vacuum line at
jro base of the carburetor. The Gasaver solution is
Bubbled at a slow rate into the engine.
Keywords: •Automobiles, *Fuel cons"mption, 'Fuel
auditives,' Technology assessment, evaluation, Ex-
haust emissions, Automotive fuels, Platinum gasavers,
Retrofit devices.
PB81-226938 PC A04/MF A01
Determination of Residual Chlorine and Turbidity
Jf Drinking Water: Student Manual. Final rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Jack Pfaff. Aug 78,56p EPA-430/1-78-010
'his classroom/laboratory manual is for use by opera-
IOIB of drinking water plants who must analyze sam-
ples for residual chlorine and turbidity. It contains
Background Information on both tests; e.g., Federal re-
yjlrements for compliance on residual chlorine and
;""*%. principles involved in the tests, and factors af-
JBctlng test results. It also contains laboratory proce-
uures for conducting the two tests. Reagent prepara-
jbn-and Instrument care are included. Miscellaneous
u, '.Kerns are In the manual: an agenda, if the manual
|? to be used in the presentation of a training course, a
Pfe- and post-course test, and a copy of the Federal
negister which relates to the measurement of residual
chlorine and turbidity. For those who desire to present
instruction in these two determinations, there is an as-
joelated Instructor's manual PB81-226946, titled as
above.
•Water treatment, 'Chlorine, "Turbidity,
•Handbooks, Potable water, Water pollu-
tion.
££81-226946 PC AOS/MF A01
.["•Determination of Residual Chlorine and Tur-
™«ty In Drinking Water Instructors Manual. Final
Rational Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Jack Pfaff. Dec 78, 77p EPA-430/1-78-011
Jjjjs Instructor's Manual is for use by persons teaching
Pfhers the determination of residual chlorine and tur-
SSJty- K Is to be used with the Student Manual PB81-
j-26938, titled as above. This manual is a complete
Plan for Instruction. Included are such items as: pre-
course activities, milestones, resources available to
"fust in the instruction, a course agenda, descriptions
°! slides, a pre- and post-course test and a list of
"•eded equipment and reagents.
-_j: 'Water treatment, 'Handbooks, 'Manuals,
tonne, 'Turbidity, Water pollution, Potable water.
£881-227043 PC A03/MF A01
SpA Evaluation of tha Petromizer System Device
Under Section 611 of tha Motor Vehicle Informa-
«on and coat Savings Act Technical rept,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
•nd Evaluation Branch.
f ward Anthony Barth. May 81,27p* EPA-AA-TEB-
5'1-81-9
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
•valuation of the Petromtzer system device under pro-
ywtens of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
•nd Costs Savings Act On January 13,1981, the EPA
received a request from Chandler Associates, Inc. for
•valuation of a fuel saving device termed 'Petromizer
System'. This device is claimed '...to better control ex-
haust emissions and increase the miles per gallon of
automobile engines.' This device consists of two units:
(1) a carburetor base plate adapter which admits addi-
tional air and swirls the air-fuel mixture, and (2) a fuel
line diverter valve to regulate fuel pressure.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Carburetors, 'Fuel con-
sumption, Exhaust emissions, Performance evalua-
tion, Petromizer devices.
PB81-227167 PC A17/MF A01
Methods for the Determination of Bacteriological
Contaminants In Drinking Water: Training Manual.
Final rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Rocco Russomanno. Aug 79,395p EPA-430/1-79-007
This laboratory manual is for use by those who must
analyze drinking/potable water samples for bacterio-
logical constituents. Each of the laboratory procedures
is written in a step-by-step format. For each procedure,
an equipment and reagent list are provided. Topics In
the manual: (1) Collection and Handling of Drinking
Water Samples, (2) Coliform test by the MPN Method
for Drinking Water, (3) Completed Test for the MPN
Method for Drinking Water, (4) Total Coliform Test for
Drinking Water by the Membrane Filter Method, 5
Verified Membrane Filter Test for Drinking Water, (6)
Standard Plate Count, (7) Residual Chlorine and Tur-
bidity, (8) Coliform Test by the Multiple Dilution Tube
Method (MPN), (9) Completed Test for the MPN
Method, (10) total Coliform Test by the Membrane
Filter Method, (11) Laboratory Safety Practices.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Potable water, 'Manuals, Con-
taminants, Water pollution, Methodology, Procedures,
Coliform bacteria, Microbiology, 'Drinking water.
Training programs.
PB81-227209 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Nickel Recovery from Electroplating Rlnaewaters
by Electrodlalysls. Final rept.,
Risdon Mfg. Co., Waterbury, CT.
John L. Eisenmann. Jul 81,55p EPA-600/2-81-130
Contract EPA-R-803742
A program to demonstrate the feasibility of metal salt
recovery and pollution control on a Watts-type nickel
plating line by electrodlalysis was conducted. Each of
two reclaim rinse tanks, arranged In series following
plate tanks, was treated by recirculatlng the rinse solu-
tions through separate eiectrodialysls stacks. The first
rinse solution was maintained at 2-5 g/1 nickel and the
second rinse held at 0.3-0.4 g/1 nickel over several
months of plating operations. The nickel salts recov-
ered from the rinse solutions were concentrated 20-
fold by the electrodialysis treatment and could be re-
turned directly to the plate tanks for reuse. Several
operational problems are discussed and recommenda-
tions made. It Is concluded that electrodialysis can be
a useful and economically viable process for the treat-
ment of at least some types of electroplating rinses.
Both plating-metal recovery and pollution control are
accomplished. A cost estimate based on the data ob-
tained during the demonstration indicates that 95% of
the nickel lost from untreated rinses could be recov-
ered and that ancillary benefits in sludge disposal, use
of treatment chemicals, etc. could be realized. Pay-
back periods of less than 18 months are anticipated for
commercial units.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Materials recovery, 'Electrodialy-
sis, Electroplating, Inorganic salts, Rlnsewaters, Water
pollution control.
PB81-227282 PC A22/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Timber Prod-
ucts Processing Point Source Category. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Richard Williams. Jan 81,522p EPA-440/1-81/023
This document presents the f Indways of a study of the
wood preserving, Insulation board, and not process
hardboard segments of the Timber Products Process-
Ing point source category for the purpose of develop-
ing effluent limitations and guidelines for existing point
source standards of performance and pretreatment
standards for new and existing point sources as man-
dated by the Clean Water Act (P. L. 95 - 217). The in-
formation presented In this document supports regula-
tions promulgated In January 1981 for the Timber
Products Processing Point Source Category. Prescrip-
tions of the treatment technologies appropriate for
achieving the limitations are contained within this doc-
ument, as well as supporting data, costs estimates and
rationale for the development of the proposed effluent
limitations, guidelines, and standards of performance.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Wood products,
Regulations, Wood preservatives, Insulating boards,
Standards, Guidelines, Cost analysis, Sources, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'New source performance stand-
ards, Hardboards, Point sources, Clean Water Act.
PB81-227308 PC A14/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1980. Volume 1. Eaatern New York Excluding
Long Island. Water-resources investigations (Annual)
1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
Apr 81,322p USGS/WRD/HD-81/030, USGS-WRD-
NY-80-1
See also Volume 2,1980, PB81-211484.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-
water wells. This volume contains records for water
discharge at 105 gaging stations; stage only at 10
gaging stations; ana stage and contents at 20 gaging
stations and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water qual-
ity at 33 gaging stations; and water levels at 25 obser-
vation wells. Also included are data for 63 crest-stage
and 27 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Saint Lawrence River Basin, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water),
Water levels, North Atlantic slope basins, Eastern
Region(NewYork).
PB81-227316 PC A12/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
I960. Volume 3. Western New York. Water-re-
sources Investigations (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
Apr 81,257p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /032, USGS-WDR-
NY-80-3
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains
records for water discharge at 83 gaging stations;
stage only at 14 gaging stations; stage and contents at
6 gaging stations and 2 other lakes and reservoirs;
water quality at 19 gaging stations; 5 quality of precipi-
tation stations; and water levels at 19 observation
wells. Also included are data for 52 crest-stage and 16
low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Saint Lawrence River Basin, Ohio River
Basin, 'Water quality data, * Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, North Atlantic slope
basins, Western Region(New York).
PB81-228181 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Mutagenlc Potentials of Plati-
num Compounds. Final rept,
North Carolina Central Univ., Durham. Dept. of Biol-
Shahbeg Sandhu. Aug 79,41p EPA-600/1-79-033
Grant EPA-R-803299
December 1983 1127
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Five platinum compounds, cis-platinum diaminodich-
loride (cis-PDD), trans-platinum diaminodichloride
(trans-PDD), platinum diaminodinitrite, platinum dichlo-
ride (PtCI2), and platinum tetrachloride (PtCW) were
evaluated for their mutagenic activity at the thymidine
kinase locus in the mouse lymphoma cells line
L5178Y. Three of these compounds, i.e., cis-PDD,
trans-PDD and P1CI4 yielded significantly higher muta-
genic frequencies as compared to the control. Two
platinum compounds, i.e., cis-PDD and RCI4, were
also judged to be mutagenic on the basis of results ob-
tained in the Phaseolus mungo plant test system.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Platinum inorganic com-
pounds, 'Environmental surveys, Toxicology, Metals,
Evaluation, Mice, Bioassay, Mutagenesis, Cell lines,
'Toxic substances, Platinum diaminodichloride, Plati-
num diaminodinitrite, Platinum dichloride, Platinum tet-
rachloride.
PB81-228199 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Membrane Technology to Power
Generation Waters,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
T. L. Don Tang, Tien-Yung J. Chu, and Ralph D.
Boroughs. Mar 80,173pTVA-EDT-103, EPA-600/7-
80-063
Three membrane technlogies (reverse osmosis, ultra-
filtration, and electrodialysis) for wastewater treatment
and reuse at electric generating power plants were ex-
amined. Recirculating condenser water, ash sluice
water, coal pile drainage, boiler blowdown and makeup
treatment wastes, chemical cleaning wastes, wet SO2
scrubber wastes, and miscellaneous wastes were
studied. In addition, membrane separation of toxic sub-
stances in wastewater was also addressed. Waste
characteristics, applicable regulations, feasible mem-
brane processes, and cost information were analyzed
for each waste stream. A users' guide to reverse os-
mosis was developed and is provided in an appendix.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Membranes,
'Electric power plants, Technology, Regulations, Re-
circulation, Radioactive contaminants, Boilers, Scrub-
bers, Substitutes, 'Waste water reuse, Reverse osmo-
sis, Ultrafiltration, Electrodialysis.
PB81-2282S6 PC AOS/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Automotive Cylinder Deac-
tlvator Syatem (ACDS) Under Section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,99p* EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-7
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Automotive Cylinder Deactivator
System' device under provisions of section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. On
October 2, 1979, the EPA received a request from
ACDS, Inc. for evaluation of a fuel saving device
termed 'Automotive Cylinder Deactivator System
(ACDS).' This device is designed to deactivate engine
cylinders as a means of Increasing a vehicle's fuel
economy.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Engine cylinders, 'Fuel
consumption, Performance evaluation, Exhaust emis-
sions, Cylinder deactlvator systems.
PB81-228413 PC A16/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards, and Pretreatment Standards for the
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category. Pro-
posed,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
John Lum, and John Cunningham. Dec 79,371 p EPA-
440/1-79/014-b
The report summarized EPA's review of the petroleum
refining industry with respect to discharge of toxics into
waters of the U.S. Information in the report included
profile of industry by refining capacity and wastewater
generation rate, characteristics of wastewater
streams, current wastewater treatment practices, pol-
lution abatement technologies, cost of these technol-
ogies and EPA's assessment and recommendations of
proposed controls to be required by BAT, NSPS, and
pretreatment standards. EPA recommendations is the
reduction of pollutants discharge via flow reduction,
powdered activated carbon, etc.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, 'Refining, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Regulations, 'Guidelines, Standards,
Mathematical models, Technology, Cost analysis, In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Water pollution abatement,
Water quality, Point sources.
PB81-228546 PC E19
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Time Settlement Behavior of Processed Refuse.
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
Jul81,726p-in4v
Set includes PB81-228553, PB81-228561, PB81-
228579 and PB81-228587.
No abstract available.
PB81-228553 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Time-Settlement Behavior of Processed Refuse.
Part I: Mathematical Model for Solid Waste Settle-
ment. Rept. for 1 Mar 71-31 May 75,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. G. Franklin, R. E. Zimmerman, and J. E. Quon. Jul
81,224p* EPA-600/2-81 -133
Grant EPA-800654
See also Part 2, PB81 -228561.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB81-
228546.
The material investigated in this study is municipal
refuse which has been processed in a hammer mill to
produce a relatively fine-textured material in which the
constituents are uniformly mixed. Such a material
offers several advantages from an operational point of
view, so that it is likely that the milling process will
come into widespread use in the future. This material,
in contrast to that of conventional sanitary landfill,
lends itself to study and analysis because of its relative
homogeneity. To model the time-settlement behavior
of this material a generalized time-pore pressure dissi-
pation relationship is combined with a rate process
function which describes secondary consolidatipn to
produce two simultaneous equations, one of which is
non-linear. This model includes the effects of finite
strains, biological and chemical activity, time variations
in saturation, and large creep displacements. Func-
tions are proposed to relate the instantaneous geome-
try and saturation to the instantaneous permeability,
and the instantaneous geometry to the instantaneous
compressibility. These are tentatively quantified using
previously published data on the behavior of peat,
which like the material studied is composed primarily
of cellulose. The effects of the possible partial satura-
tion on the stress distribution and compressibility are
discussed. Under conditions of total saturation, con-
stant compressibility-permeability ratio, small strains,
and no changes due to biochemical activity, the model
reduces to the classical Terzaghi case.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Hammer mills,
•Solid waste disposal, Earth fills, Settling, Sites, Bio-
chemistry, 'Municipal wastes, Numerical solution.
PB81-228S61 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Time-Settlement Behavior of Processed Refuse.
Part II: Swelling Pressure and Permeability In
Milled Refuse. Rept. for 1 Mar 71-31 May 75,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. G. Franklin, S. L Gupta, and J. E. Quon. Jul 81,48p*
EPA-600/2-81-134
Grant EPA-800654
See also Part 1, PB81 -228553, and Part 3, PB81-
228579.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB81-
228546.
This report presents the results of permeability tests
and swelling pressure tests on samples of a milled
refuse at various compacted dry densities. Permeabil-
ity tests were done with special attention being given
to assure saturation of the sample; for this purpose,
the sample was flushed with deaired water and was
subjected during testing to back pressures as great as
75 psi. The dependence of engineering permeability
on dry density is represented in a semi-logarithmic plot
by a bilinear relationship showing a very rapid de-
crease of permeability with increasing dry density
values above approximately 37 Ibs/cu ft. Swelling
pressure tests were done by a method designed to ap-
proximate a zero deflection condition. It has been ob-
served that potential swelling pressures increase wit"
increasing compacted density; the highest swelling
pressure observed being 600 Ibs/sq ft for a dry density
of 48.02 Ibs/cu ft.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Permeability,
'Pressure, 'Hammer mills, Saturation, Sample*.
Tests, Earth fills, Technology, Swelling, Settling, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes.
PB81-228579 PC A05/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Time-Settlement Behavior of Processed Refuse.
Part III: Anaerobic Digestion of Milled Refuse.
Rept. for 1 Mar 71-31 May 75,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. G. Franklin, C. Chakraverty, and J. E. Quon. Jul 81,
91pEPA-600/2-81-135
Grant EPA-800654
See also Part 2, PB81 -228561, and Part 4, PB81-
228587.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB81-
228546.
The objectives of this laboratory investigation were to
gain an understanding of the decomposition of milled
refuse under anaerobic conditions, the rates of decom-
position, and the gas production and composition. The
rates of decomposition of cellulose and cellulosic ma-
terials, gas production per unit weight of materials di-
gested and the CH4 to CO2 ratios were obtained from
the literature for different systems. Similar data from
laboratory experiments on the anaerobic decomposi-
tion of milled refuse were analyzed and compared with
the information obtained from the literature. The rate
constant decomposition, Ke at 37C, reported in the lit-
erature for the different systems, varied from .000033
to 1.97/day. Gas production ranged from near zero to
14 cu ft per pound of volatile matter digested and the
CH4 to CO2 ratio varied between 0.3 and 1.86. For an-
aerobic digestion of milled refuse in the laboratory ex-
periments, the rate constant (normalized to 37C) for
the reduction of volatile matter varied between
0.00105 and 0.00216/day. The low rates were ob-
served for the digesters which were either seeded with
a non-acclimatized culture or not seeded at all. Gas
production ranged from 6.9 to 12.8 cu ft/lb of volatile
matter digested. The averaged CH4 to CO2 ratio, for
the initial phase of gas production, varied from 0.13 to
1.09, the lowest ratio being observed for the digester
which was operated at the lowest temperature, 20C.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Settling, Decomposition, Cellulose, Methane,
Carbon dioxide, Reaction kinetics, Gas production,
'Municipal wastes.
PB81-228687 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Time-Settlement Behavior of Processed Refuse.
Part IV: Consolidation of Milled Refuse, Volume 1,
Volume 2-Appendlx. Rept. for 1 Mar 71-31 May 75,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Dept. of Civil Engi-
A. G. Franklin, W. H. Chen, and J. E. Quon. Jul 81,
363p'EPA-600/2-81-136
Grant EPA-800654
See also Part 3, PB81 -228579.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E19, PB81-
228546.
A previously developed mathematical model for the
prediction of the time-settlement behavior of a sanitary
landfill of milled refuse, taking into account the effects
of finite deformations, large creep strains, and biologi-
cal and chemical decomposition of the material with
accompanying gas and liquid generation, is reviewed.
Modifications and refinements of this model have been
made in light of consolidation test data obtained in the
1128 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
uSFk 8tudy from the laboratory testing of both raw
»7i,°.lao°ratory aged milled refuse samples. An appara-
d«Ll?r the consolidation testing of milled refuse was
a back Pressure of "R to
ta temPer<>n and amillary operations, active mining, F bitu-
"WOU8, anthracite and lignite coal, and the reclama-
"on phase of mining.
: 'Coal mining, 'Standards, 'Water pollution
Regulations, Technology, Drainage, Cost
capitalized costs, 'Point sources, 'Water
abatement, Water quality, Best technology,
source performance standards.
£51-229866 PC AO?/MF AOI
Evaluation of the FUEL-MAX Device Under
of the Motor Vehicle Information and
s Act Technical rept.,
g^ronmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
I"? Evaluation Branch.
?7*ard Anthony Barth. Jun 81 , 1 40p EPA-AA-TEB-
B11-81-10A, EPA-AA-TEB-51 1-81-1 OB
Jto document announces the conclusions of the EPA
^valuation of the 'FUEL-MAX' device under provisions
™ section 51 1 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
r°*t Savings Act. On January 18, 1980, the EPA re-
r*
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
To explain a carrier frequency dependence reported
for radiofrequency (RF)-induced calcium-ion efflux
from brain tissue, a chick-brain hemisphere bathed in
buffer solution is modeled as a sphere within the uni-
form field of the incident electromagnetic wave. Calcu-
lations on a spherical model show that the average
electric-field intensity within the sample remain the
same at different carrier frequencies if the incident
power density (Pi) is adjusted by an amount that com-
pensates for the change in complex permittivity (epsi-
ion r*) and the change of wavelength, as a function of
carrier frequency. The resulting formula for transform-
ing Pi is seen to follow the pattern of both positive and
regative demonstrations of calcium-ion efflux that
have been observed at carrier frequencies of 50, 147,
and 450 MHz. Indeed, all results obtained at these •
three frequencies when related by Pi's that produce
the same average electric-field intensity within the
sample, are seen to be in agreement; no prediction is
contradicted by an experiment.
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Radiofrequencies,
Tissues(Biology), Field strength, Carrier frequencies,
Reprints, "Calcium ion efflux.
PB81-230922 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Hazardous Material Spills from Bot-
toms of Flowing Waterbodles. Final rept. Jul 72-
Dec 74,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
Charles A. Hansen, and Robert G. Sanders. Jul 81,
113p EPA/600/2-81-137
Contracts EPA-68-03-0181, EPA-68-03-0182
Prepared in cooperation with Industrial Bio-Test Labs.,
Inc. Nortnbrook, IL.
This report documents the results of a study to deter-
mine the feasibility of removing spilled insoluble haz-
ardous materials from the bottom of flowing water-
courses. Descriptions are given of two full-scale sys-
tems developed to suck up spilled materials and con-
taminated bottom mud, remove excess water from the
pumped slurry, and decontaminate the water removed
so that it can be returned to the stream.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Dredging, 'Activat-
ed carbon, *Waterways(Watercourses), 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Little Menomonee River, Creosote,
Vacuum apparatus, Design criteria, Mobile Beach, Ad-
sorption, Feasibility, Coagulation, Removal, Separa-
tion, Dewatering, Sand filtration, Cleaning, Mud, Wis-
consin, Oil spills.
PB81-230930 PC A02/MF A01
Storage Stability of Chlorinated Phenols In Urine.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thomas R. Edgerton. 20 Oct 80,4p EPA-J-80-138
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 29,
0415-4161981.
The storage stability of chlorinated phenols in urine
has been Investigated. A decrease of greater than
40% was noted in urine fortified with known amounts
of chlorophenols and analyzed over a 36-day period
with repeated freezing and thawing. A sample storage
technique is presented which allows for the stability of
chlorophenols in urine for up to 40 days with little or no
decomposition noted.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Urine, Stability, Storage, Re-
prints, 'Chlorophenols.
PB81-23095S PC A03/MF A01
Respiratory Carclnogenlclty of Diesel Fuel Emis-
sions,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
Alan M. Shef ner. Jul 81,35p EPA/600/1 -81 -054
Grant EPA-R-806326
The objective of this program was to evaluate the pos-
sible respiratory carcinogenic effects of diesel fuel
emission particles and organic extracts of these parti-
cles in suitable animal models. Because of our previ-
ous experience in the use of the Schreiber method for
localized tumor induction and the rapid response time
observed in this model with certain known direct acting
carcinogens it was planned to initiate our studies with
this model. Subsequently studies were to be initiated
using the Saffiotti technique for intratracheal instilla-
tion of life-time effects. This report also describes cer-
tain studies which were initiated but not completed due
to decisions concerning program relevance and to
choices made concerning the expenditure of available
program funds.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Diesel fuels, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Evaluation, Respiratory system, Animal models,
'Carcinogenesis, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB81-231029 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Acquisition and Chemical Analysis of Mother's
Milk for Selected Toxic Substances. Final rept. 23
Jan 78-18 Apr 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mitchell D. Erickson, Benjamin S. H. Harris, III, Edo D.
Pellizzari, Kenneth B. Tomer, and Richard D. Waddell.
Dec 80,164p EPA/560/13-80/029
Contract EPA-68-01-3849
Samples of mother's milk were collected from Ba-
yonne, NJ; Jersey City, NJ; Pittsburgh, PA; Baton
Rouge, LA; and Charleston, WV, and analyzed for
volatile (purgeables) and semivolatile (extractable) or-
ganics using glass capillary gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry/computer. In the volatile traction,
26 halogenated hydrocarbons, 17 aldehydes, 20 ke-
tones, 11 alcohols, 2 acids, 3 ethers, 1 epoxide, 14
furans, 26 other oxygenated compounds, 4 sulfur-con-
taining compounds, 7 nitrogen-containing compounds,
13 alkanes, 12 alkenes, 7 alkynes, 11 cyclic hydrocar-
bons, and 15 aromatics were found, including major
peaks for hexanal, limonene, dichlorobenzene, and
some esters. The levels of dichlorobenzene appeared
to be significantly higher in the samples from Jersey
City and Bayonne than in samples from other sites.
Jersey City samples also appeared to have significant-
ly higher levels of tetrachloroethylene. Charleston and
Jersey City samples appeared to have significantly
higher levels of chloroform; however, chloroform was
observed in the blanks at about 20% of that in the
samples. Due to the small sample size and lack of con-
trol over the solicitation of sample donors, the data
cannot be used to extrapolate to the general popula-
tion. Fewer semivolatile compounds of interest were
found. Polychlorinated naphthalenes, polybrominated
biphenyls, chlorinated phenols, and other compounds
were specifically sought and not detected (limit of de-
tection about 20-100 ng/mL milk). Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCBs) and DDE were found.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Milk, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Toxicology, Humans, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Sampling, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Mothers milk,
'Toxic substances, Benzene/dichloro, Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Polychlorinated naphthalenes, Polybro-
minated biphenyls, DDE insecticide.
PB81-231094 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Probabilistic View of the Transformation of Cul-
tured C3H/10T1/2 Mouse Embryo Flbroblasts by
3-Methylcholanthrene (Cell Transformation/
Chemical Carclnogenlsls). Journal article,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Alberto Fernandez, Sukdeb Mondal, and Charles
Heidelberger. Jul 81, 8p EPA/600/J-80-309
Grant EPA-R-805208
Pub. in Proceedings National Academy of Science,
V77 n12 p7272-7276 Dec 80.
When C3H/10T112 cells are treated with a given con-
centration of a chemical carcinogen, the transforma-
tion frequency can vary over 4 orders of magnitude,
depending primarily upon the number of cells plated.
To explain this phenomenon, the authors have devel-
oped a probabilistic theory of the formation of trans-
formed foci in this system. The authors define P1 as
the probability that a cell will be activated by carcino-
gen treatment, P2 as the probability per cell generation
that an activated cell will be transformed, and P3 as
the probability per cell generation that an activated cell
will be deactivated. The equation we have derived: log
(F/N) = log (2p1p2(1-p3)/2(1-p3)-1) + n Iog(1-p3)
describes focus formation; F is mean number of foci
per dish after carcinogen treatment, N is number of
cells in a dish at confluence, and n is number of cell
generations to confluence. This equation has been
verified experimentally; p3=0.24 and p1p2=3.8X10
to the minus 6 power at a single concentration of 3-
methylcholanthrene. This relationship explains previ-
ously inexplicable effects of cell density on transforma-
tion frequency.
Keywords: 'Methylcholanthrene, Toxicity, Carcino-
gens, Mice, Embryos, Probability theory, Transforma-
tions, Reprints, 'Flbroblasts, Carcinogenesis.
PB81-231102 PCA02/MFA01
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Teratogenlclty of Cyclophosphamlde In a Coupled
Microsomal Activating/Embryo Culture System,
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kirk T. Kitchin, Beat P. Schmid, and Mrinal K. Sanyal.
Jul 81, 8p EPA/600/J-80-060
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology v30 p59-64 1981-
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst. of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Using the coupled microsomal activating/embryo cul-
ture system, in vitro experiments were performed to
establish the role of metabolism in the embryo toxiclty
and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide. Cyclophos-
phamide in the coupled microsomal activating/embryo
culture system produced characteristic morphological
lesions as well as a general inhibition of embryo and
yolk sac growth. Increasing concentrations of micro-
somes and cyclophosphamide produced progressively
greater response. These effects did not occur when
microsomes and NADPH were present in the serum
medium for the first 2 hours of incubation followed by
one washing and then culturing of the conceptuses
from hr 2 to hr 48 in a medium containing cyclophos-
phamide alone. Cytochrome P-450-depleted micro-
somes did not bioactivate cyclophosphamide to tenv
togenic or toxic metabolites. The results indicate that
cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal metabolism
of cyclophosphamide is required for the embryotoxic
and teratogenic effects observed in vitro.
Keywords: 'Cyclophosphamide, Toxicity, In vitro anal-
ysis, Oxygen heterocyclic compoundSi
Cultures(Biology), Embryos, Metabolism, Reprints,
'Teratogenesis.
PB81-231110 PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Simplified Radlolmmunoassay for Detection of
Human Rotavlrus In Stools. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
George Cukor, Mary Kay Berry, and Neil R. Blacklow.
C1981, 7p EPA/600/J-78/184
Grants EPA-R-805169, EPA-R-806591-01-0
Pub. in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, v138 no
p906-910Dec78.
A simplified radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was
developed to facilitate the diagnosis of human rota-
virus in stools of infants with diarrhea. This microtiter
solid-phase RIA utilizes as a critical reagent hyperim-
mune serum against a tissue culture-grown simian ro-
tavirus that is immunologically closely related to the
human agent. One hundred thirteen pediatric stool
samples were tested. Thirty-five specimens known to
be positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy were
also positive by RIA. All RIA-posjtive reactions (36)
were shown to be specific for rotavirus by means of an
antibody-blocking test. Nonspecific RIA-positlve reac-
tions were not encountered. This accurate, sensitive
RIA technique is practical for use in diagnostic labora-
tories because critical serum reagents are prepared
against culture-grown virus and not against rotavirus
derived from carefully selected stools of humans or ex-
perimentally infected gnotobiotic animals.
Keywords: 'Diagnosis, Humans, Infants, Electron mi-
croscopy, Repnnts, 'Radioimmunoassay, 'Rotavir-
uses.
PB81-231128
PC A02/MF A01
The Recognition of Dlazlnon, An Organopho
phorus Pesticide, When Found In Samples In tl
Form of Decomposition Products. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Wayne Sovocool, Robert L. Harless, Diane E.
Bradway, Lynn H. Wright, and Emile M. Lores. Apr 81,
10pEPA-600/J-80-246
1130 Vol.83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v5 p73-80 1981.
The contents of a bottle, from which a human being
was reported to have drunk and which were believed
Lesponsible to an organophosphorus poisoning, were
submitted for chemical analysis. Initial screening by
«as chromatography with phosphorus, sulfur and nitro-
gen specific detectors failed to identify any intact or-
ganophosphorus pesticide. Mass spectrometric tech-
™ques were applied to the identification. Field ioniza-
w>n, field desorption, chemical ionization, exact mass
measurements at high resolution, and GC/low resolu-
wn mass spectrometry were used to help define the
qualitative and partial quantitative nature of the sample
components. Results of this study were consistent
with the virtually complete conversion of the pesticide
oiazmon into a mixture of at least twenty-six chemically
oistmct products or impurities. The most abundant
cnamicai compounds found in the sample included: 2-
raopropyl-4-methyl-6-mercaptopyrimidine (2814-20-2);
i8opropy|-4-methylpy
"lethylpyrimidine (72799-31-6); 4-thioethoxy-2-isbpro-
Py'-o-methylpyrimidine; triethylphosphorothionate and
j"etnyiphorothiolate. Also found were several potent
acetylcholinesterase inhibiters: monothionotetraethyl-
Pyrophosphate; dithionotetraethylpyrophosphate
(3689-24-5), tetraethylpyrophosphate. Model decom-
position studies verified the formation of these com-
pounds. These results were then used to identity com-
pounds in two other samples.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Diazinon, 'Toxicity,
rnosphorus organic compounds, Decomposition, Gas
cnrornatography, Pesticides, Mass spectroscopy, Re-
pnnts.
JB81-231136 PCA02/MFA01
" swept-Frequency Magnitude Method for the 01-
•'•ctrlc Characterization of Chemical and Biologi-
?*> Systems. Journal article,
Park Ettects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Mark A. Hollis, Carl F. Blackman, Claude M. Weil, John
**•Allis, and Daniel J. Schaefer. 24 Jan 80,13p EPA-
°PO/J-80-052 •
T^Lin IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
'«chniques,vMTT-28n7p791-801 1980.
A swept-frequency system is described which permits
""—inient evaluation of many RF parameters of
and chemical samples. This system is capa-
highly accurate magnitude measurements which
iff Provide not only absorption information but also
rrLcomP|ex permittivity when processed through a
™mPuterized algorithm. Data have been taken on
r»priized water and on an aqueous triglycine solution,
«na there is close agreement with the more time-con-
suming but precise fixed-frequency measurements of
"»o references. This measurement system is particu-
*»y useful for the examination of frequency- and
power-specific responses over narrow ranges.
*j*y*ords: 'Laboratory equipment, 'Chemical analy-
8lsi Bioassay, 'Adsorption spectra, 'Dielectric prop-
rffes, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Re-
pnnts, Numerical solution.
A??..1 ~231144 PC A02/MF A01
In .K* Toxicity of Phenol and Substituted Phenols
? the Fathead Minnow. Journal article,
environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
SfV L. Phipps, Gary W. Holcombe, and James T.
r«ndt. Jul81,11pEPA/600/J-81-293
Inn 9e h and 192 h LC50s were determined for phenol
™'o 11 substituted phenols. The freshwater flow-
JVr°ugh tests with measured concentrations and
L^wy identical test conditions used the fathead
Th"no.w Pimephales promelas as the test organism.
' "e tish were checked for uniformity in toxicity re-
ff°r>se using 48 h static reference tests with 2,4-dich-
•uropnenol as the toxicant. The results of these 12
:?F* produced a mean 48 h LC50 of 8.6 mg/L plus or
imH".? 1-1 mg/L. The mean of duplicate 96 h LCSOs
nrS 'in ascending order of toxicity were: pentachlor-
"Rienol, 0.22; 4,6-dinitro-o<:resol, 2.0; 2,4,6-tribromo-
H"enol, e.6; 2,4-dichlorophenol, 8.2; 2-chlorophenol,
.i62.4-dinitrophenol, 17; 2,4-dimethylphenol, 17; 2,6-
^ Iphenol, greater than 27; phenol, 29; 4-nitro-
61; and 3-methoxyphenol, 76.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Toxicology, Fishes, Lethal
dosage, Fresh water, Responses, Reprints, Fat head
minnows, Pimephales promelas.
PB81-231235 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Laboratory Studies of Priority Pollutant Treatabll-
Ity. Final rept. Apr 78-Mar 80,
Walk, Hyde! and Associates, Inc., New Orleans, LA.
James K. Smith, Robert J. Planchet, E. Jasper
Westbrook, and Frederick J. Zak. Jul 81,138p EPA-
600/2-81-129
Contract EPA-68-03-2579
This study investigated several methods currently
available to reduce the level of pollutants in an industri-
al plant wastewater stream. Its purpose was to screen
these treatment processes. As a result of this screen-
ing, further in-depth evaluations should be considered.
The study was limited to a detailed evaluation of only
five priority pollutants in order to minimize the analyti-
cal workload on the project. The five selected for test-
ing the effectiveness of carbon adsorption, resin ad-
sorption, and steam stripping represented compounds
occurring at significant levels in the sample, the re-
sults of the study indicated high removal efficiency for
these five priority pollutants by carbon adsorption and
resin adsorption. Although steam stripping reduced
chlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene and nitrobenzene
concentrations by at least fifty percent, it is not effec-
tive, under the test conditions, for the priority pollutants
phenol or dinitrotoluene. Costs for treatment of
streams similar to the stream tested are expected to
be high, in the order of $2 to $3 per 1000 liters (265
gallons) for flows of about 1130 liters per minute (300
gallons per minute). Cost effectiveness may favor use
of carbon adsorption over resin adsorption. Combina-
tion systems are of doubtful value based on the pollut-
ant levels present in the sample stream since they of-
fered no economic advantage over single process op-
erations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Industrial waste
treatment, Chlorobenzenes, Nitrobenzenes, Phenol,
Dinitrotoluene, Economic analysis, Adsorption, Per-
formance evaluation, Technology, Steam stripping,
Total organic carbon.
PB81-231243 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstration of Zinc Cyanide Recovery Using
Reverse Osmosis and Evaporation. Final rept.,
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
Kenneth J. McNulty, and John W. Kubarewicz. Jul 81,
43p*EPA-600/2-81-132
Grant EPA-R-805300
Prepared by Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.
A field test was conducted to demonstrate closed-loop
recovery of zinc cyanide at a job plating facility. Since
the zinc cyanide bath operates at room temperature
with very little evaporation from the bath, reverse os-
mosis (RO) treatment of the rinsewater must be sup-
plemented by evaporation in order to achieve the
volume reduction necessary for return of a concen-
trate to the plating bath. The permeate from the RO
unit was recycled to the first nnse after plating while
the distillate from the evaporator was recycled to the
second rinse after plating. Continuous, unattended op-
eration of this system was demonstrated with no ad-
verse effects on plating quality. The economics of the
combined RO evaporation system were assessed for a
system designed to provide rinsing equivalent to the
present two-stage counter-current nnse at the demon-
stration site. The analysis showed that the total operat-
ing cost (Including amortization) was somewhat less
for the combined RO evaporation system than the
evaporation alone. The minimum cost occurred for
90% water recovery in the RO system. However, cred-
its for rinsewater recovery were insufficient to com-
pletely off-set the total operating cost of the recovery
system.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electroplating,
'Materials recovery, Zinc inorganic compounds, Evap-
oration, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Process charting, Technology, Recirculation,
Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, 'Zinc cyanide,
'Waste recycling, Reverse osmosis, Heavy metals.
PB81-231250 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Characterizing Baghouse Performance to Control
Asbestos Manufacturing Source Emissions. Final
rept. Jun 77-Sep 79,
lit Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
David R. Jones. Jul 81,72p IITRI-C6397, EPA/600/2-
81-126
Contract EPA-68-03-2558
The report gives results of a study of the performance
of a fabric filter baghouse operated at several levels of
important parameters. The primary measure of the ef-
fectiveness of control was the fiber concentration in
the baghouse effluent, since overall mass efficiency is
too high to detect small differences. EPA Method 5
was used to collect the samples, and the analyses
were performed using an electron microscope. The
tests performed showed that the optimum conditions
for asbestos fiber control involve using long intervals
between shakes to allow the filter matrix to build on the
bag. No adverse effect on pressure drop was detect-
ed, while a 5 fold reduction in emission was demon-
strated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Asbes-
tos, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Air fil-
ters, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Combus-
tion products, Assessments, Technology, Sites,
'Baghouses, 'Fabric filters.
PB81-231284 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Securing Containerized Hazardous Wastes by En-
capsulation with Spray-On/Brush-On Resins. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc., Hawthorne,
CA.
H. R. Lubowitz, and R. W. Telles. Jul 81,73p EPA-600/
2-81-140
Contracts EPA-68-03-2483, EPA-68-03-2993
Methods were investigated for securing containerized
hazardous wastes in the field with spray-on or brush-
on resins at ambient temperatures. Laboratory-scale,
cylindrical specimens of containerized sodium chloride
(which simulated soluble salts containing heavy
metals) were fabricated 63.5 mm in diameter by 68.9
mm high (2.5 by 3.5 in.). The salt was confined in fiber-
glass-reinforced, thermosetting resin casings and then
sealed with a water-based polyurethane to provide a
tough exterior jacket that would protect the contents
from leaching and mechanical stress. The specimens
exhibited functional stiffness and kept their contents
stable when subjected to leaching stresses. The exte-
rior jackets did not fail when specimens were com-
pressed to about 80% of their original heights. Under
heavy compression, however, the jackets ruptured
where they were thinnest. Several coatings were
needed to produce sufficiently thick, tough jackets.
This report is a companion to two other documents on
the use of plastics to encapsulate corroding hazardous
waste containers: Securing Containerized Hazardous
Wastes with Polyethylene and Fiberglass Encapsu-
lates and Securing Containerized Hazardous Wastes
with Welded Polyethylene Encapsulates PB81-
231292.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Encapsulating,
'Sprayed coatings, Resins, Fiberglass reinforced plas-
tics, Polyurethane resins, Containers.
PB81-231292 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Securing Containerized Hazardous Wastes with
Welded Polyethylene Encapsulates. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc., Hawthorne,
CA.
H. R. Lubowitz, R. W. Telles, S. L. Unger, and R. R
Phillips. Jul 81,90p EPA-600/2-81-139
Contracts EPA-68-03-2483, EPA-68-03-2993
Full-scale encapsulation of 208-liter (55-gal) drums
was studied as a means for managing corroding con-
tainers of hazardous wastes in the field and rendering
them suitable for transport and safe deposit within a
final disposal site such as a landfill. Polyethylene (PE)
receivers with 6.35-mm-(1 /4-in.-) thick walls and wide
mouths were employed for fabricating encapsulates.
After insertion of drums, the receivers were weld-
December 1983 1131
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sealed with 6.35-mm (1/4-in.) sheet PE. A prototype
apparatus, which was designed and constructed to
fabricate the PE encapsulates by welding. The appara-
tus, which was light weight and transportable, was
analogous to that employed in the commercial butt
welding of PE pipe. Precision alignment of pieces and
high regularity of surfaces to be joined were found to
be unnecessary. Furthermore, only minimal mechani-
cal pressures were needed to form the welded joints.
Results indicated plastics welding to be an effective
method for encapsulating corroding drums of hazard-
ous wastes. This report Is a companion to two other
" rtii "
capsulation of corroding containers of hazardous
wastes: Securing Containerized Hazardous Wastes
with Polyethylene and Fiberglass Encapsulates (PB81-
232449) and Securing Containerized Hazardous
Wastes by Encapsulation with Spray-on/Brush-on
Resins.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Encapsulating,
'Welding, Containers, Polyethylene, Waste disposal,
Earth fills, Plastics.
PB81-231474 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Power Plant Cooling System Water Consumption
and Nonwater Impact Reports. Executive summary
Aug79-Apr81,
United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Philadelphia,
PA.
M. C. Hu, G. F. Pavlenco, and G. A. Englesson. Jul 81,
70pEPA-600/7-81-112
Contract EPA-68-02-3156
See also PB-285 397.
This study dealt with water evaporation and consump-
tion of power plant cooling systems and evaluated six
simple generic evaporation prediction models, one for
cooling towers and five for cooling ponds/lakes using
field data provided by twelve utilities. Also evaluated in
the study is a regional comparison of evaporation rates
of cooling towers and cooling ponds/lakes with the ob-
jective of determining which of the two cooling system
types is more water consumptive in terms of evapora-
tion only.
Keywords: 'Steam power plants, 'Electric power
plants, 'Water cooling, 'Water consumption, Cooling
towers, Water supply, Evaporation, 'Closed-cycle
cooling systems, Cooling ponds, Stationary sources.
PB81-231490 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Comparative Study of the Acquisition of Antibody
to Norwalk Virus In Pedlatric Populations. Journal
article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
George Cukor, Nell R. Blacklow, Peter Echevem'a,
Mary K. Bedigian, and Hermogenes Puruggan. Aug 80,
4pEPA-600/J-80-298
Grants EPA-R-805169, EPA-R-806591
Pub. in Infection and Immunity, v29 n2 p822-823 Aug
80.
Analysis by radioimmunoassay of pediatric sera from
three populations showed that antibody to Norwalk
virus is acquired at a significantly earlier age in a less
developed and tropical area (Philippines) than in two
more developed and nontropical countries (United
States and Taiwan).
'Immune serums, 'Viruses, 'Antibodies,
s, Taiwan, United States, Children, Reprints,
unoassay.
PB81-231S08 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A Comparison of Argo Merchant Oil and Sediment
Hydrocarbons from Nantucket Shoals. Journal arti-
cle,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Eva J. Hoffman, and James G. Quinn. Jul 81,12p
EPA/600/J-80-315
Grant EPA-R-802724
Pub. in In the Wake of the Argo Merchant, p80-88 Jan
78. Sponsored In part by Contract NOAA-03-7-002-
35123. Proceedings of a symposium held at Kingston,
Rhode Island on January 11-13,1978.
Surface sediment samples collected from the Nan-
tucket Shoals Argo Merchant wreck site area in Febru-
ary, 1977, were analyzed for hydrocarbon content by
gas chromatography. Analysis of sediment grab sub-
sections revealed no clear trend of hydrocarbon con-
tamination as a function of depth in sections as deep
as 10 cm. The high degree of physical activity on the
shoals is probably responsible for the areal patchiness
and the inhomogeneous mixing of hydrocarbons with
depth in the sediments. Although chemical, physical
and biological weathering could be responsible for the
observed decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations at
the wreck site, turbulent mixing on the shoals probably
transported the contaminated sediments out of the
area or buried them under clean sand.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Hydrocarbons, 'Sediments, Comparison, Chemical
analysis, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Oil pol-
lution, Argo Merchant ship.
PB81-231516 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Coarsely Grouped Data from the Log-
normal Distribution. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Victor Hasselblad, Andrew G. Stead, and Warren
Galke. Jun 80,10p EPA-600/J-80-299
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Statistical Association 75,
n372p771-7781980.
A missing information technique is applied to blood
lead data that is both grouped and assumed to be log-
normally distributed. These maximum likelihood tech-
niques are extended from the simple lognormal case
to obtain solutions for a general linear model case.
Various models are fitted to the data, and likelihood
ratio statistics are computed to test for significance of
various parameterizations. The techniques are applied
to a data set of over 130,000 blood lead values collect-
ed by the city of New York. The data collected from
1970 to 1976, are part of a large-scale screening pro-
gram and have implications for the current ambient air
lead standard.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Blood chemical analysis,
Statistical data, Reprints, 'Health statistics.
PB81-231524 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gas Chromatographlc Analyses of Argo Merchant
OH and Sediment Hydrocarbons at the Wreck Site.
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Eva J. Hoffman, and James G. Quinn. Jul 81, 7p EPA/
600/J-79-132
Grants EPA-R-802724, EPA-R-805477
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v10 p20-24 1979.
Sponsored in part by Contract NOAA-03-7-022-35123.
Hydrocarbon concentrations were determined in sur-
face sediments in the vicinity of the Argo Merchant
wreck site. Of the 4000 sq km area surveyed, contami-
nated sediments were found in a 10-15 sq km section
around the wreck site in February 1977. The contami-
nation was in the form of small tar particles (or oil drop-
lets) inhomogeneously mixed into the sandy sedi-
ments by the turbulent shoal tidal currents. Although
there was no clear trend of hydrocarbon concentra-
tions as a function of depth, contamination extended
at least to 8-13 cm in depth. Stations which were con-
taminated in February were reoccupied on a cruise in
July 1977. Only one station showed any trace of hydro-
carbon contamination and this level was significantly
lower than found at this site in February.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Sediments, 'Hydrocar-
bons, 'Gas chromatography, Trace elements, Chemi-
cal analysis, Water pollution, Sampling, Reprints, 'Oil
pollution, 'Water pollution detection, Argo Merchant
ship.
PB81-231532 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Waste Lubricating Oil Disposal Practices In Provi-
dence, Rhode Island: Potential Significance to
Coastal Water Quality. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Eva J. Hoffman, Anne M. Falke, and James G. Quinn.
1980,12p EPA-600/J-80-316
Grant EPA-R-802724
Pub. in Coastal Zone Management Jnl. 8 p337-347
1980.
A 1979-80 survey of Providence, R.I., residents indi-
cated that approximately 35 percent changed their
own automotive lubricating oil, disposing of this oil by a
variety of methods. The most popular method of dis-
posal reported by the respondents was putting the oil
in the garbage can (41 percent), followed by dumping it
in their backyard (30 percent), pouring it down sewers
or storm drains (8 percent), giving it to a service station
(7 percent), pouring it on the road (5 percent), and
taking it to a town dump (3 percent). The practice of
pouring the waste oil on the road or into sewers on a
weight basis can account for 44 metric tons of petrole-
um hydrocarbons discharged into the city's combined
storm and sanitary sewage treatment system. This
amount could account for 44 metric tons of petroleum
hydrocarbons discharged into the city's combined
storm and sanitary sewage treatment system. This
amount could account for approximately 19 percent of
the total hydrocarbons discharged annually by this
plant. Providence residents indicated a high degree of
willingness to participate in a recycling program under
consideration by the State Legislature of Rhode
Island.
Keywords: 'Lubricating oil, 'Water pollution, Roads,
Sewers, Water pollution, *Providence(Rhode Island),
•Water quality, 'Liquid waste disposal, Waste recy-
cling.
PB81-231581 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Investigation of New Techniques for Control of
Smelter Arsenic Bearing Wastes. Volume I: Exper-
imental Program. Final rept. Sep 77-Sep 80,
Montana Coll. of Mineral Science and Technology,
Butte. Mineral Research Center.
Anil K. Mehta. Jul 81,295p EPA-600/2-81-049A
Grant EPA-R-804595
See also Volume 2, PB81-231599.
In 1976, the Industrial Environmental Research Labo-
ratory at Cincinnati sponsored a research program at
the Mineral Research Center, Montana Tech Alumni
Foundation, to investigate a variety of approaches to
the fixation of arsenic bearing wastes, particularly
smelter flue dusts, to render them harmless to the en-
vironment. The enclosed document reports the find-
ings of this work. A comprehensive program was un-
dertaken to investigate various methods of fixing ar-
senic bearing flue dust wastes produced in smelting of
nonferrous metal concentrates. The program was
comprised of three principal elements: (1) separation
of the arsenic from metal values by leaching; (2) incor-
poration of the arsenic into a fixation matrix; and (3)
leach testing of samples of the fixed product to deter-
mine suitability for environmental protection. Stabiliza-
tion of the arsenic by incorporation in slag matrices
and in cements, mortars, clays, and concrete was in-
vestigated. The most promising technique found was
stabilization by dissolution in the slag matrix to form a
solid solution upon cooling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smeltering, 'Ar-
senic, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, leach-
ing, Flue gases, Separation, Dust, Metals.
PB81-231599 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Investigations of New Techniques for Control of
Smelter Arsenic Bearing Wastes. Volume II: Liter-
ature Review. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep 77,
Montana Coll. of Mineral Science and Technology,
Butte. Mineral Research Center.
Anil K. Mehta. Jul 81,136p EPA-600/2-81 -0498
Grant EPA-R-804595
See also Volume 1, PB81-231581, and Spanish ver-
sion, PB81-230567. Sponsored in part by National
Energy Policy Commission.
In 1976, the Industrial Environmental Research Labo-
ratory at Cincinnati sponsored a research program at
the Mineral Research Center, Montana Tech Alumni
Foundation, to investigate a variety of approaches to
the fixation of arsenic bearing wastes, particularly
smelter flue dusts, to render them harmless to the en-
vironment. The enclosed document reports the find-
ings of this work. A comprehensive program was un-
dertaken to investigate various methods of fixing ar-
1132 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sanic bearing flue dust wastes produced in smelting of
nonferrous metal concentrates. The program was
comprised of three principal elements: (1) separation
oi me arsenic from metal values by leaching; (2) incor-
poration of the arsenic into a fixation matrix; and (3)
leach testing of samples of the fixed product to deter-
mine suitability for environmental protection. Stabiliza-
»on pf the arsenic by incorporation in slag matrices
and in cements, mortars, clays, and concrete was in-
vestiaated. The most promising technique found was
stabilization by dissolution in the slag matrix to form a
solid solution upon cooling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smelting, 'Arsenic,
gdustrial wastes, Combustion products, Leaching,
Mue gases, Separation, Dust, Metals, Stability, Chem-
wy, Technology, 'Solid waste disposal.
£881-231623 PC A04/MF A01
5nyironmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
^uH Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Sublethal Metabolic Responses of the Hermatyplc
-o™ Madracis decactls Exposed to Drilling Mud
enriched with Ferrochrome Llgnosulf onate,
".was A and M Univ., College Station.
7c ,?£' August Krone, andDouglas C. Biggs. Jun 81,
/SpEPA-erJoM-ei^a
Grant EPA-R-805441
Madracis decactis corals were exposed for 17 days in
"Moratory aquaria to suspensions of 100 ppm dolling
"lud spiked with 0, 3, and 10 ppm ferrochrome ligno-
S^onate (FCLS). During the first week of exposure,
jnese corals increased their oxygen consumption and
ammonium excretion, relative to uncontaminated con-
"P». These corals exposed to the highest enrich-
IJwnts of FCLS demonstrated the greatest increases in
respiration and excretion and also the largest vari-
ations in respiration and excretion between individual
Experimental animals. Corals reached their highest av-
Jfafle rates of respiration and excretion by the end of
. "w first week of continuous exposure. Rates then de-
ceased during the next week and, after a secondary
'"crease in excretion and respiration between days 10-
J" which was most pronounced in those corals ex-
Posed to FCLS enrichment, leveled off at near-initial
rates by the end of the second week. All corals ex-
josed to FCLS reacted by reducing their polyp expan-
!2n behavior, although only the two showed mass
Pp"yp mortality. When exposure to drill mud + FCLS
™as discontinued, respiration and excretion of surviv-
'nQ corals remained low and stable while their polyp
activity returned to normal levels within 48 hours.
Bywords: 'Coral, 'Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Ex-
jOsure, Responses, Sulfonates, Oxygen consumption,
J"nmonia, Excretion, Respiration, Water pollution,
"•wosulfonic acid/(chrom!um iron-salt), 'Madracis
jjecactis, 'Toxic substances, Ferrochrome lignosul-
'onate D, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
2?«1-231680 PC A02/MF A01
2!nJfnWng Occupational Exposure to Pesticides:
[^•pnnel Monitoring. Journal article,
Dearth Effects Research Lab., Wenatehee, WA. Field
Studies Section.
James E. Davis. Jut 81,20p EPA/600/ J-80-301
H"b. In Residue Review, v75 p33-501980.
JJ1'8 communication is presented with two objectives
JJ mind. The first objective is to provide an Introduction
"> Wrsonnel monitoring of occupational exposure to
Pf sticides for those who are not familiar with this field
oj Investigation. The second objective is to stimulate
r»°us8ion, which will result in the formation of recom-
^•endatlons for research necessary for material Im-
Pjovement of exposure assessment. Two principles
E*? observed in the development of the methods cur-
rently used at Wenatehee and should be preserved by
anyone considering modifications. First, all possible
Sfe was taken to ensure that any error was on the
y* of safety, that Is, it would result in overestimation
°T exposure. Second, no technique was considered
acceptable if it would increase a test subject's expo-
sure over what he would receive under normal working
Conditions.
: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Pesticides, Exposure.
rersonnel, Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health,
""onitoring, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-231698 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
anale Park, NC.
Environmental Hazard Rankings of Pollutants
Generated In Coal Gasification Processes. Final
rept Feb-Apr 1980,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J G Cleland. Jun 81.400p EPA/600/7-81-101
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of an evaluation and ranking of
environmental hazards associated with coal gasifica-
tion Applied chemical analytical data were provided by
(1) research with an experimental gaslfier, and (2)
sampling of four commercial gasification processes.
Gas liquid tar, and solid streams were quantitatively
analyzed for almost 300 substances. Levels of produc-
tion stream concentrations, and estimated hazard po-
tential of individual substances are included. Hazard
potential was measured. A worst-case approach was
taken in this summary, with maximum stream concen-
trations emphasized for all processes. These process-
es represent packed-bed, low- to medium-Btu gasifers,
which are known to produce significant contaminant
loadings relative to other gasifiers. Coals tested
ranged from lignite to anthracite. Approximately 50
representative pollutants were emphasized and
ranked according to relative environmental hazard po-
tential. Relative hazard potentials by stream type and
process were also estimated.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal gasification,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Ranking.
PB81-232035 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Deve -
oping Hamster Tracheal Epithelium In Organ Cul-
ture. Journal article,
(IT Research Inst, Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
L. J. Schrff, M. M. Byrne, K. V. Ketels, W. T. Brown, and
J. A. Graham. Apr 79,9p EPA-600/J-81-029
Grant EPA-R-805049
Pub. in Differentiation 15, p49-551979.
The ultrastructural surface features of tracheal epithe-
lium at various times of development in organ culture
were compared with those in the trachea of Syrian
golden hamsters of similar age using scanning elec-
tron microscopy. Whole tracheal organ cultures, pre-
pared from 3-day-old hamsters, were maintained in
HEPES buffered CMRL 1066 medium with 0.2%
bovine serum albumin. The ventral epithelial surface of
trachea from 3-day-old animals was characterized by
numerous microvillous cells, occasional well-devel-
oped cilia, and cells containing short cilia representing
various stages of ciliary differentiation. After seven
days in culture, an increased number of ciliated cells
as well as developing cilia were seen. The epithelium
after 14 days in culture appeared to have equal num-
bers of ciliated and microvillous cells, a pattern strik-
ingly similar to that observed in vivo. After 21 days in
culture, groups of well-developed cilia were inter-
spersed with nonciliated cells covered with short,
poorly developed surface mlcrovilll. A similar pattern
was found in the trachea of comparable age (24 days),
with the exception of the mlcrovilloua cells; many being
dome-shaped containing cluster of mlcrovilll with
prominent outlines. The tracheal organ culture, as de-
veloped In this investigation, appears to represent an
excellent model for studying age-related effects of
toxic and infectious agents on ciliated epithelial cells.
Keywords: 'Electron microscopy, 'Epithelium, Ham-
sters, Cultures(Biotogy), Trachea, Reprints.
PB81-232043 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Effect of l2-0-TetradecanoylphorboH3-Acjtate
on the Morphology and Growth of C3H/10TI/2
Mouse Embryo Cells. Journal article,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Craig Boreiko, Sukdeb Mondal, K. Shankar Narayan,
and Charles Heidelberger. Dec 80.10pEPA-600/J-81-
215
Contract EPA-R-805208
Pub. in Cancer Research 40, D4709-47161980.
The effects of the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-0-
tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the mor-
phology and growth properties of C3H/10T112 clone 8
cells were examined. The morphology of these cells
was changed within 30 min following treatment with
0.1 micrograms of TPA per ml; they become smaller
and retractile with long beady processes. Such
changes were observed in both logarithmic and conflu-
ent cultures and lasted about 72 hr. Subsequent treat-
ments were much less effective in inducing these
changes. Scanning electron microscopy showed cell
retraction and rounding as the most significant immedi-
ate effects of TPA treatment; many cells remained par-
tially rounded 48 hr afterwards. Long-term surface
modifications ascribable to TPA treatment were not
detected. TPA had only minor effects on the growth of
cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells in the presence of 10%
fetal calf serum. Slight increases in plating efficiencies
and saturation densities were generally observed in
the presence of TPS but not with the related non-
tumor-promoting compound phorbol. The cells grew
slowly In 1 % fetal calf serum and demonstrated serum
batch-dependent alterations in their growth properties
when exposed to TPA. Under conditions that produce
doubling times of 70 hr or greater, TPA, but not phor-
bol, reduced the doubling time to about 50 hr. Satura-
tion densities were also increased by TPA in 1 % fetal
calf serum. The effects of TPA on the growth of an on-
cogenically transformed variant of C3H/10T1/2 were
qufte different. While minimal effects of TPA were ob-
served when transformed cells were treated in tne
presence of 10% fetal calf serum, TPA treatment in
1 % fetal calf serum significantly inhibited cell growth.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Cells(Biology), Mice, Em-
bryos, Morphology, Growth, Reprints, ^Tetradecanoyl-
phorbol acetate.
PB81-232050 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolation of Mutants Temperature-Sensitive for
Expression of the Transformed State from Chemi-
cally Transformed C3H/10TI/2 Cells. Journal arti-
els
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Craig Boreiko, and Charles Heidelberger. 14 Nov 80,
17pEPA-600/J-80-307
Contract EPA-R-805208
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v1 n12 p1059-10731980.
58 MCA Cl 16 is an oncogenic methylocholanthrene-
transformed variant of the non-transformed mouse
embryo fibroblast cell line, CaHMOTI/a Cl 8. Using
two different protocols, they have isolated six tempera-
ture-sensitive mutants from N-methyl-N' - nitro N-nitro-
soguanidine treated cultures of 58 MCA Cl 16. C3H/
10T1/2 Cl 8, 58 MCA Cl 16 and the six mutant lines
were characterized with respect to several properties
associated with the transformed state: morphology,
saturation density, anchorage independence, cell sur-
face morphology and growth in medium containing 1 %
fetal calf serum. In general, C3H/10T1/2 cells be-
haved as non-transformed, whether grown at 33 C or
39.5 C. The transformed parental line and all six mu-
tants behave as transformed cells at 33 C. At 39.5 C
only the parental transformed line retained the trans-
formed phenotype. Three of the mutants revert to-
wards non-transformed behavior at 39.5 C for all of the
properties rested. The remaining mutants are tempera-
ture-sensitive for some, but not all, transformed char-
acteristics. Thus, while the expression of these trans-
formed properties is sometimes coupled, the authors
have been able to dissociate the expression of traits
such as saturation density, anchorage independence
and transformed morphology from each other. These
mutants should prove to be valuable tools in the study
of the mechanisms which underly the expression of
the chemically-Induced transformed state.
Keywords: Sensitivity, Embryos, Mice, Isolation, Tem-
perature, Reprints, 'Fibroblasts, 'Cell lines.
PB81-232068 PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Tissue Distribution of Mlrex and
Chlordecone In Fetal and Neonatal Rats. Journal
article
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Robert J.'Kavlock, Neil Chernotf, Ellen Rogers, and
Douglas Whitenouse. Aug 80,11 p EPA-600/J-80-141
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 14,
P227-2351980.
The transport of mirex and chlordecone (Kepone)
across the placenta! during late gestation and through
December 1983 1133
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the milk during lactation was investigated in the rat. In
the placental transport study, doses of 5 mg/kg were
administered on Day 15,18 or 20 of gestation and ani-
mals were killed 4, 24, or 48 hr after treatment. Both
compounds crossed the placental and were present in
the fetus at all examination times. Maternal tissue
levels exceeded fetal tissues. No effects of gestatlonal
age at time of treatment or of the fetus in the uterus
were seen. In the lactation study, doses of 1 or 10 mg/
kg/day were administered on Days 2-5 postpartum
and pups were killed at intervals up to 12 days after
treatment. The secretion of milk appeared to be a
major route of elimination for both pesticides for nurs-
ing females, and the greater amount of mirex excreted
via the milk as compared with chlordecone is in agree-
ment with differences in their reported octanol-water
partition coefficients. Initially, mirex entered the milk
more rapidly than chlordecone. After cessation of
treatment, mirex milk levels fell quickly, but chlorde-
cone levels remained fairly constant. In the pups,
mirex tissue levels paralleled milk levels; chlordecone
levels, however, continued to increase in the tissues
throughout the observation period.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Rats, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Distribution, Tissues(Biology), Placenta,
Dosage, Laboratory animals, Insecticides, Reprints,
Mirex, Kepone, Gestation, Lactation, Fetuses.
PB81-232076 PC A06/MF A01
TSCA Chemicals In Commerce Inventory: Region-
al and State Perspective*. Toxics Integration Infor-
mation series 1980,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Daryl L. Kaufman, Bob Janney, Donn Viviani, Jean
Bolllnger, and Denny Daniels. Aug 81,106p EPA-560/
TIIS-81-005
Using the CICIS Inventory it was possible to determine
which chemical substances were produced exclusively
in each of the 10 EPA regions. Slightly less than 50%
of the inventory is region-specific. Confidential Inven-
tory runs do not affect this finding. A regulatory status
of the top 440 high production volume chemicals (a
production volume range of 10-50 million Ibs/yr was
selected as a cut-off point) was completed and it ap-
peared that only 95 specific chemical substances were
undergoing any sort of assessment, regulation devel-
opment, or were already regulated. Document will pro-
vide the regions guidance In their priority setting.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Inventories, Reg-
ulations, State government, Regional analysis.
PB81-232084 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Commercial Simian Virus Antlsera that Inhibit
Virus Replication In Primary Monkey Kidney Cell
Cultures. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Coll. of Medicine.
John H. Hughes, and Vincent V. Hamparian. May 81,
6pEPA-600/J-81-292
Grant EPA-S-805189
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v13 n5 p824-827
May 81.
The incorporation of hyperimmune serum into cell cul-
ture medium to control endogenous viral infections of
primary cells can have a significant effect on the repli-
cation of other viruses. When commercial simian virus
5 or simian virus 40 antiserum was used with primary
monkey kidney cell cultures, the authors found a signif-
icant inhibition (>90%) of the replication of parain-
fluenza virus types 2 and 3 and reovirus type 1. In the
viral diagnostic laboratory, the use of hyperimmune
serum with primary monkey kidney cells may result In
failure to isolate certain viruses if these cells are not
first washed free of hyperimmune serum.
Keywords: 'Cell cultures, 'Immune serums, 'Viruses,
Monkeys, Culture media, Kidney, Reprints.
PB81-232092 PC A02/MF A01
The QENE-TOX Program: Genetic Activity Evalua-
tion. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Michael D. Waters, and Angela Auletta. Feb 81, 6p
EPA-600/J-81-267
Pub. In Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences, v21 n1 p35-381981.
The GENE-TOX (evaluation of current status of bioas-
says In genetic toxicology) is a systematic scientific
evaluation of selected bioassays currently used for de-
tecting mutagenicity and presumptive carclnogeniclty
of chemicals. This program Is sponsored and directed
by the Office of Testing and Evaluation (OTE) within
the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Its pri-
mary purpose is to aid EPA in establishing standard
genetic testing and evaluation procedures for the regu-
lation of toxic substances. On a broader scale, the
data compiled through this program and its appraisals
of existing methodology for determining mutagenicity
and presumptive carclnogeniclty will be invaluable to
scientists working in genetic toxicology and related
areas.
Keywords: 'Bioassays, 'Toxicology, Detectin, Genet-
ics, Activity, Evaluation, Reprints, Carcinogenesis, Mu-
tagenesis, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-232100 PC A02/MF A01
A Field Study of the Chemical Degradation of Par-
aquat Dlchlorlde Following Simulated Spillage on
Soil. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
D. C. Staiff, L. C. Butler, and J. E. Davis. 1981, 8p EPA-
600/J-80-104
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contam. Toxicology 26,
p16-21 1981.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate degradative
procedures that might prove useful for treatment of
paraquat spills. The two chemical treatments tested
were reduction and hydrolysis. Both reactions should
result in the elimination of the possibility of cyclic re-
duction-oxidation with resultant generation of superox-
ide radicals, which has been proposed as the primary
event responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis caused by
paraquat (BUS et al. 1974). This pulmonary fibrosis
can occur with oral or intravenous administration of
local instillation of paraquat.
Keywords: 'Degradation, Field tests, Soils, Reduction,
Hydrolysis, Pesticides, Bipyridinium compounds, Re-
prints, 'Chemical spills, 'Paraquat herbicide, 'Chemi-
cal treatment, Bipyridinium dichloride/dimethyl.
PB81-232118 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental and Biological Effects Following
Application of Dlazlnon Impregnated Strips Within
a Laboratory Animal Room. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Donald K. Hinkle, Joseph E. Suggs, and Merrill D.
Jackson. Dec 80,5p EPA-600/J-80-302
Pub. in Laboratory Animal Science, v30 n6 p981-983
1980.
Rats were exposed to diazinon impregnated strips in a
conventional laboratory animal room. The air in the
room was monitored for the pesticide. Erythrpcyte ace-
tylochollnes terase and plasma pseudocholinesterase
activities were determined periodically. Air concentra-
tion of the pesticide never exceeded 1.34 micrograms/
cu.m. No significant change in enzyme activities were
observed.
Keywords: 'Diazinon, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insec-
ticides, Concentration(Compositlon), Enzymes, Air pol-
lution, Physiological effects, Reprints, Biological ef-
fects, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-232126 PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Organlcs In Tannery Effluents
by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athena, 3A.
Alfred D. Thurston, Jr., and John M. McGulre. 20 Feb
80,6p EPA-600/J-81-287
Pub. in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, v8 n2 p47-50
1981.
Combined high performance liquid Chromatography
mass Spectrometry using a moving belt Interface has
been used to study extracts from five tannery and
leather finishing Industry discharges. Liquid chromato-
graphic separation was performed with a Zorbax CN
column using a normal phase solvent system of
hexane+methytene chloride+methanol. Twenty dif-
ferent compounds were Identified. Binaphthyl suffone,
which could not be gas chromatographed successful-
ly, was one of the major components found In all flvfl
tannery extracts.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Leather, 'Tanning
materials, 'Water analysis, Industrial wastes, Chemi-
cal analysis, Solvents, Extraction, Water pollution, Re-
prints, 'High performance liquid chromatography,
'Water pollution detection.
PB81-232134 PC A02/MF AOl
Photolysis of 3,4-Dichloroanlllne In Natural
Waters. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Glenn C. Miller, Richard Zisook, and Richard Zepp. J"l
81,6pEPA/600/J-80-314
Pub. in Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry, «»
n6 p1053-1056 1980. Prepared in cooperation witn
Nevada Univ., Reno.
Sunlight irradiation of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) in nat-
ural water samples resulted In both direct and sensi-
tized photoreactions. A procedure is described for sep-
arating the effects of competitive light absorption 01
the water from sensitized processes. Although trie
overall photolysis rates of DCA were slower in the nat-
ural waters than in distilled water (depth 6.2 cm), the
rates in natural waters were faster than expected, on
the basis of sunlight received by the DCA. Kinetic re-
sults were qualitatively the same when a commercial
humic acid solution with similar light absorption char-
acteristics was used. TCAB (3,4,3', 4'-tetrachloroaco-
benzene) was produced in two rice-field waters con-
taining .0000061 to .00029 M DCA. The concentration
of TCAB produced was greater in the more concentrat-
ed DCA solutions, although the yields were in no case
greater than 1% of the reacted DCA. The chemical
yield of TCAB was considerably lower in the commer-
cial humic acid solutions than in the natural water sam-
ples. TCAB was not observed in distilled water.
Keywords: 'Photolysis, 'Environmental surveys, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Sampling, Solutions, Photo-
chemical reactions, Concentration(Composition), Hy-
drolysis, Herbicides, Reaction kinetics, Reprints, *Anl-
line/dichloro, Benzene/tetrachloro-azo, Procedures.
PB81-232142 PC A02/MF AOl
Comparison of Photochemical Behavior of Vari-
ous Humic Substances In Water III. Spectrosco-
plc Properties of Humic Substances. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, and Patricia F. Schlotzhauer. 16 Apr
81,10pEPA-600/J-81-202
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n5 p479-486 1981. See
also pt. 2, PB81 -192098.
Spectral absorption coefficients and fluorescence
quantum efficiencies were determined for humic sub-
stances from a variety of sources. Specific absorption
coefficients, K(h), for humic substances at wave-
lengths lambda from 300 to 500 nm can be closely de-
scribed by the relation Ae supB(450-lambda), where A
and B are constants. When the K(h) values are in units
of liter (mg organic carbon) meter and wavelength
lambda is in nanometers, mean values of A and B for
aquatic humus in the 12 water bodies studied were 0.6
+ or - 0.3 and 0.014 + or - 0.001, respectively. Spec-
tral absorption coefficients of dissolved organic matter
in blackwater rivers, of the 'yellow substance' in the
sea, and of fulvic acids extracted from soils are very
similar. Fluorescence quantum yields of humic sub-
stances were low and more variable than the absorp-
tion coefficients, ranging from 0.0005 to 0.012 with ex-
citation at 350 nm (average of 0.0045 + or - 0.0038 for
6 waters). Fluorescence spectra for the humic sub-
stances were remarkably similar with maximum emis-
sion at 430 to 470 nm. Results of this study can be
used to compute photolysis rates of pollutants as a
function of depth In natural water bodies.
Keywords: 'Humic acids, 'Water analysis, 'Spectro-
chemical analysis, 'Photochemical reactions, Fluores-
cence, Comparison, Absorption spectra, Water pollu-
tion, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection.
PB81-232159 PC A02/MF AOl
Automated Gel-Permeation System for Removal
of Uplds In Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectro-
metrfc Analysis of Fatty Tissues for Xenoblotlc
Chemicals. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
1134 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Velth- and DouQlas W. Kuehl. Jun 81 , 4p
. J-8 1-294
m Analytical Chemistry 53, p1 1 32-1 1 33 1 981 .
nh?/!Hterference of natural lipids in gas chromatogra-
Sfe i «ss spectrometric analysis of xenobiotio chemi-
«ra in tatty tissue can be substantially reduced using
Th Jr meation chromatographic removal of the lipids.
can J*Per Presents an inexpensive controller which
to ' °? "sed with any manual gel-permeation system
llnw^2?ate the isolation of trace chemicals from
rK .? coroner is especially suited for the prepa-
id,,, lafge samples required for gas chromatogra-
spectrornetric identification of its trace con-
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, 'Viruses, 'Antibodies, Re-
prints, 'Immune responses, 'Radioimmunoassay.
*Cnemical analysis, *Tissues(Blology).
Trar i cr|romatography, Mass spectroscopy,
[»"•? elements, Samples, Laboratory equipment,
•SSKL criteria, Performance evaluation, Reprints,
^'cnromatography.
En^832167 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab. Cincinnati,
\ of Phthalatea In Industrial and Mu-
'ers. Final rept,
jftu...-—• .=0=01eh Inst, San Antonio, TX.
j"™; W. Rhoades, Richard E. Thomas, Donald E.
81 -063 "'and John B'Tilletv'Jul 61'77p EPA-600/4-
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
2jj? report describes the systematic evaluation of
[""BS of parameters leading to the development of a
ini£Iocedurefor six Prlority Pollutant phthalate esters
(Wastewaters. A study of the effect of pH, tempera-
2"». and residual chlorine on the aqueous stability of
teph2>mpound8 leads to recommended preservation
Solvent extraction procedures, gas chro-
column packings, GC detectors and
ttdures are examined and optimized. The
test procedure is applied to selected
The-.:•""»• '" uovoiup auuuracy ana precisic
„?« study included the following compounds: d
S™|wate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phtheJate, dioctyl
g™}alate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and benzylbutyl
i: dimethyl
dioctyl
•Water analysis, 'Phthalatea, 'Industrial
ewage treatment, Esters, Assessments,
:•--. analysis, Water pollution, Gas chromatogra-
oorvent extractions, 'Water pollution detection,
"lie add/(dimethyl-ester), Phthalic acid/(diethyl-
Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-ester), Phthalic acid/
ester), Phthalic acid/bis(ethylbutyl-ester),
add/(butyl-ester)-benzyl.
Hew!?!2209 PC A02/MF A01
hSr" Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
(TJlyne Response and Prevalence of Antibody to
3£J*»* Enteritis Virus as Determined by fls-
i^'rnrnunoassay. Journal article,
Wchusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
\Blacklow, George Cukor, Mary Kay Bedigian,
— B. Greenberg. Jul 81, 9p
-805169, EPA-R-806591
ournal of Clinical Microbiology, p903-909 Dec
r->n*w iMM*iwumi i auiwiiiii iiui iwoooay Woe OaUUr*
for the detection of Norwalk virus and Its antJ-
wttn clinical materials from human volunteers
usry studied in Massachusetts as reagents. A
of 308 Massachusetts residents showed that
J*um antibody to Norwalk agent was rarely present
S"**I childhood but was detectable In approximately
v£» <" adults. All volunteers Inoculated with Norwalk
Jjjjw who developed illness seroconverted (10/10),
Jjereas only one-third (5/15) of nonlll volunteers ser-
{jonverted (P=0.0009). The 10 nonill. nonserocon-
SjnjI subjects had undetectable to low preexisting
rj^wody levels. Paradoxically. 10/13 subjects with
Cowing antibody became III, whereas 17/25 lack-
M anflbody did not (P=0.009). All 3 subjects with ore-
tufting antt-Norwalk radtoimmunoassay blocking ac-
•wty in duodenal intraluminal fluids became III, where-
tt> ^7 ?/11 lacking such activity developed illness
jft« The"e data "•
PB81-232290 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Determination of Haloethers In Industrial and Mu-
nicipal Wastewaters. Final rept. 25 Oct 77-31 Dec
78,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Paul L. Sherman, Joseph M. Kyne, Roger C. Gable,
John V. Pustinger, and Carl R. McMillln. Jul 81,78p
EPA/600/4-81-062
Contract EPA-66-03-2633
This document describes an analytical method, not
based on mass spectrometry, for the analysis of ha-
loethers In water and wastewater. The following ha-
loethers were originally included in this study: 2-chlor-
oethyl vinyl ether, bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, bis(2-
chloroethyl) ether, bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane, 4-
chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4-bromophenyl phenyl
ether, and (bischloromethyl) ether. The 2-chloroethyl
vinyl ether and the bis(chloromethyl) ether were later
deleted from the project because of extreme volatility
and hydrolytic instability, respectively. A literature
search was conducted to acquire published informa-
tion on the hydrolytic stability of the haloethers, meth-
ods for the detection of haloethers in water, and
method for the isolation, concentration, and analysis of
haloethers. Gas chromatography studies were com-
pleted to compare different packings for use with ha-
loethers and to compare the results obtained using a
Hall electrolytic conductivity detection with those ob-
tained using an electron capture detector. The work-
able method developed in this program for the analysis
of haloethers in wastewater consisted of a liquid/liquid
extraction using methylene chloride, an evaporation
step using Kunderna-Danish (K-D) evaporators, a
column chromatographic cleanup procedure using
Florisil, another K-D evaporation of the fraction from
the Florisil column, and subsequent analysis by gas
chromatography using an electrolytic conductivity de-
tector.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Ethers, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes,
Gas chromatography, Sewage, Extraction,
ConcentrationJComposition), 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Ether/(chloroethyl)-vinyl, Ether/
bis(chloro!sopropyl), Ether/bis(chloroethyl), Methane/
bis(chloroethoxy), Ether/(chlorophenyl)-phenyl,
Ether/(bromophenyl)-phenyl, Ether/dichloro-methyl.
PB81-232365 PC A10/MF A01
Formation and Fate of Atmospheric Nitrates:
Workshop Proceedings.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jun 81,217p EPA-600/9-81 -025
Articles based on formal presentations given October
22-23, 1979, at the 'Workshop on the Formation and
Fate of Atmospheric Nitrates' are documented in the
report. The authors discuss nitrate formation from both
theoretical (gas and aerosol formation models) and
applied (smog chamber and field measurement pro-
grams) aspects. The fate of atmospheric nitrates is dis-
cussed in terms of wet and dry removal processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Meet-
ings, Thermodynamics, Reaction kinetics. Ammonium
nitrate, Nitrogen oxides, Test chambers, Smog, Sam-
pling, Nitric add. Trends, Oxidation, Ozone Sites,
•Path of pollutants. "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Heterogeneous reactions.
jettons with this agent, whereas others are Incapa-
w« of developing infection. ^
PB81-232449 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Securing Containerized Hazardous Wastes with
Polyethylene Rssln and Fiberglass Encapsulates.
Final rept,
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc., Hawthorne,
CA.
H. R. Lubowta, and R. W. Telles. Jul 81,82p EPA/600-
2-81-138
Contracts EPA-68-03-2483, EPA-68-03-2993
This study Investigates the fabrication and use of poly-
ethylene resin and fiberglass to encapsulate and
secure containerized hazardous wastes. Laboratory-
scale encapsulates of composite structure were made
from powdered, high-density polyethylene (HOPE) and
epoxy-resin-wetted fiberglass. Methods are described
for fabricating encapsulates with seamless polyethyl-
ene walls backed by fiberglass, and a demonstration is
given of their high performance under severe leaching
and mechanical stresses. The objective of the study
was to develop a method for securing hazardous
wastes held either in small, corroding containers or in
large ones such as 55-gal drums. The drums would be
encapsulated on an as-is basis (i.e., their contents
would not be emptied). Encapsulation would make
them safe to transport and to deposit within a final dis-
posal site such as a landfill. This study is a companion
to two other documents investigating the use of plas-
tics for the encapsulation of corroding containers of
hazardous wastes: Securing Containerized Hazardous
Wastes with Welded Polyethylene Encapsulates
(PB81-231292) and Securing Containerized Hazard-
ous Wastes by Encapsulation with Spray-on/Brush-on
Resins.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Encapsulating,
'Polyethylene, 'Fiberglass reinforced plastics, Epoxy
resins, Waste disposal, Plastics, Performance evalua-
tion, Containers, Safety, Earth fills, Tests, Compres-
sion, Tensile strength, Leaching.
PB81-232472 PC A02/MF A01
Recycling Urban Stormwatar for Profit Journal ar-
ticle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, and Chi-Yuan Fan. Jul 81, 6p EPA-600/
J-81-281
Pub. in Water/Engineering and Management, p30-33
Apr 81.
Rainfall runoff becomes contaminated as it passes
over urban land. Billions of gallons of water can be re-
covered for beneficial uses if urban stormwater is
properly controlled and treated. The Storm and Com-
bined Sewer Program of the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency Office of Research and De-
velopment has continuously supported the develop-
ment and demonstration of stormwater control sys-
tems and treatment processes. Water quality of the
treated storm runoff can meet the required standards
for subpotable usage. Current urban stormwater con-
trol and treatment technology are discussed, leading
to the feasibility of urban stormwater reuse for various
purposes in industry, irrigation and recreation. A hypo-
thetical case study illustrating the cost effectiveness of
reclaiming urban stormwater for complete industrial
supply is presented.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Waste water reuse, 'Urban
areas, Water conservation, Profits, Water consump-
tion, Water pollution, Water supply, 'Storm water
runoff, Recycling.
PB81-232S06 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Group Treatment Evaluation tor Mttal Finishers.
Report for Feb-Jun 80,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
E. Comfort, D. Harrison, and D. Sherman. Aug 81,88p
EPA-600/2-81-143
Contract EPA-68-03-2907
Group treatment is one alternative for firms faced with
the problem of compliance with pretreatment regula-
tions whereby they may achieve the benefits of econo-
my of scale. A preliminary study of the concept as ap-
plied to the plating firms within Huntingdon Industrial
Park, Providence, Rl, was conducted. It was found
that, with the assumed ten participating firms, substan-
tial savings could be realized. The effects of financing
cost and wastewater hauling charge on savings
achieved were investigated, as were the benefits of in-
stallation of a piped wastewater collection system. The
most cost-effective decision for each participating firm
was Identified. An approach to financing the proposed
facility Is outlined. K.«t~~~
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Water pollution control,
Feasibility, Industrial waste treatment, Sites, Technolo-
gy, Economic analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Group
treatment, Hu'htington Industrial Park,
ProvldencefRhode Island).
December 1983 1135
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-232530 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Concentration and Toxlclty of Trlfluralln In CD-1
Mica, Presented Intragastrlcally of Intraperlton-
eally. Journal article,
Wheaton Coll., Norton, MA. Oept. of Biology.
Sidney L. Beck. C1978,9p EPA/600/J-78/185
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v20 p554-560 1978.
This report presents the results of experiments involv-
ing administration of the herbicide Trifluralin, dissolved
in corn oil, delivered at different concentrations for
each dose, either by intragastric intubation or intraperi-
toneal injection. The investigations produced several
surprising results. These included the fact that, in per
ora administration there were clear cut differences in
toxicity such that for each dose which did cause death,
there was inverse relationship between toxicity and
concentration. This relationship was not seen in the in-
traperitoneal treatment groups. Further, there was no
apparent difference in LD-50 in the two routes, and the
time to death was greater in the intraperitoneally treat-
ed animals.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Toxicity, Lethal dose,
Dosage, Concentration(Composition), Mice, Laborato-
ry animals, Ingestion(Biology), Parenteral infusions,
Reprints, *Trifluralin, "Toxic substances.
PB81-232548 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Restriction Maps of Five Autographs California
MNPV Variants, Trichoplusia NI MNPV, and Gal-
lerla Mellonella MNPV DMAs with Endonucleases
Smal, Kpnl, BamHI, Sacl, Xhol, and EcoRI. Journal
article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Oept. of Ento-
Gale E. Smith, and Max D. Summers. Jul 81,13p EPA/
600/J-79-130
Grant EPA-R-805232
Pub. in Journal of Virology, v30 n3 p828-838 Jun 1979.
The restriction sites of Autographa californica nuclear
polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) E2 DNA were mapped
for the endonucleases Smal, KpnK, BamHI, Sacl,
Xhol, and EcoRI. The restriction maps of four other
AcMNPV variants, Trichoplusia ni (TnMNPV), and Gal-
leria mellonella (GmMNPV) genomes were determined
and compared to the endonuclease cleavage maps of
AcMNPV E2 DNA. The viral structural polypeptldes of
AcMNPV variants S3, E2, S1, M3, and R9 were the
same when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electro-
phoresis. The major structural polypeptides of
GmMNPV and TnMNPV had the same pattern In po-
lyacrylamide gels as did AcMNPV structural polypep-
tides. GmMNPV and TnMnPV had several minor struc-
tural protein differences as compared with AcMNPV,
AcMNPV variants, TnMNPV, and GmMNPV were dis-
tinct but with very similar genomes and protein struc-
tures.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Deoxyrlbonuclelc acids, Reprints,
'Autographa californica, Trichoplusia ni, Gallerla mel-
lonella.
PB61-232571 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Urge Lakes Research Station.
Equilibrium Model of Fate of Mlcrocontsmlnants
In Divers* Aquatic Food Chain*. Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
R. V. Thomann. 1981,20p EPA-600/J-81-295
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, v38n3p280-2961981.
Bioconcentration and bioaccumulatlon factors of PCB,
239Pu, and 137Cs are compiled from the literature as
a function of organism size. The distribution of field-ob-
served bioaccumulatlon factors varies markedly be-
tween each substance but similarly to order of magni-
tude within each substance across diverse food
chains. It can be inferred from the literature that PCB
levels in top predators are due primarily to food chain
transfer. A steady state compartment food chain
model is derived for estimation of the relative effect of
uptake directly from water versus food chain transfer.
The model food chain transfer number f, given by
alpha C/K + G for alpha = chemical absorption effi-
ciency, C •= specific consumption, K = excretion rate,
and G = net organism growth rate indicates the
degree of food chain accumulation. For f > 1, food
chain transfer is significant; for f < 1, uptake from
water is more significant. Application of the model sug-
gests that (a) PCB body burden in top predators is due
almost entirely to consumption of contaminated prey,
(b) for 239Pu all of the body burden is due to uptake
from the water only, and (c) observed 137Cs concen-
tration factors are due principally to food chain transfer
with a high dependence on the salinity-dependent phy-
toplankton adsorption.
Keywords: 'Food chains, 'Contaminants, Models,
Aquatic biology, Plutonium 238, Cesium 137, Reprints,
'Bioaccumulation, Biphenyl/chloro, Polychlorinated/
biphenyls.
PB81-232589 PC A02/MF A01
Astrovlrus-LIke, Coronavlrus-LIke, and Parovlrus-
Llke Particles Detected In the Dlarrhesl Stools of
Beagle Pups. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. P. Williams Jr. 26 May 80, Up EPA-600/J-80-296
Pub. in Archives of Virology 66, p215-261980.
Astrovirus-like, coronavirus-like, and parvovirus-like
particles were detected through electron microscopic
(EM) examination of loose and diarrhea! stools from a
liner of beagle pups. Banding pattern obtained from
equilibrium centrifugations in CsCI supported the EM
identification. Densities associated with the identified
particles were: 1.34g/ml for astrovirus, 1.39 g/ml for
'full1 parvovirus, and 1.24-1.26 g/ml for 'typicar coron-
avirus. Convalescent sera from pups aggregated these
three particle types as observed by immunoelectron
microscopy (IEM). Only coronavirus-like particles were
later detected in formed stools from these same pups.
Coronavirus and parvo-like viruses are recognized
agents of canine viral enteritis, however, astrovirus has
not been previously reported in dogs.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Dogs, Electron microscopy, Vet-
erinary medicine, Reprints, Astroviruses, Coronavir-
uses, Parvoviruses.
PB81-232720 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Using Coherent Water Jets to Control OH Spills.
Final rept,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Michael K. Breslin. Aug 81,108p* EPA-600/2-81-141
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
The ability of coherent water streams to induce a sur-
face current in water and thus control a floating oil slick
was examined at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (USEPA) Oil and Hazardous Materials Simu-
lated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT). The ob-
jective of the tests was to evaluate coherent water
streams as an alternative to fabric booms and water
sprays In concentrating, diverting, and containing oil
slicks. The water jets were constructed from standard
pipe fittings and supplied with water from common
centrifugal water pumps. They were mounted on the
main towing bridge, built into small floats that were
angled across the direction of tow, and extended from
the bows of a catamaran. Currents of up to six knots
were induced by towing the water Jets from the main
bridge. The tests showed that coherent jets could
induce a significant surface current and move an oil
slick with Tittle oil entrapment. The non-breaking
waves produced by the OHMSETT wave generator did
not greatly affect performance except where the jet
nozzels were cantilevered off the front of the catama-
ran. The best position for the untended water jets
tested was to be vertically directed at the surface of
the water with the outlet 0.4 to 1.0 meters above the
surface. The vertical component of a coherent water
stream was found to be as useful, if not more so, as
the horizonal component. A water jet supplied by a 30
Kw electric motor/centrifugal pump system performed
better than a source of compressed air (210 KPA) ex-
tended 0.6 m below the surface supplied by a 50 Kw
gasoline-driven air compressor.
Keywords: 'Hydraulic jets, Substitutes, Water pollu-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Oil pol-
lution control, 'Oil spills.
PB81-232811 PC A03/MF A01
Metabolism Summaries of Selected Halogensteo
Organic Compounds In Human and Envlronm«n»
Media, A Literature Survey: First Update. Final
rept., nf.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IA*
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. .
Syed M. Naqvi, and Marion C. Blois. Dec 80,44p EPA-
560/13-79-018
This is the first update to an earlier EPA report entiti**
'Metabolism Summaries of Selected Halogenated ur-
ganic Compounds in Human and Environment"
Media, A Literature Survey' (EPA-S60/6-79-008). Tn»
update provides additional information on fifteen naio-
carbons covered in the original report as well as intor-
mation on four new halocarbons. As did the earlier '»•
erature summary, this update deals with the uptake, re-
tention, distribution and elimination patterns, identifica-
tion of metabolites, and metabolic pathways of the na-
locarbons.
Keywords: 'Metabolism, 'Halohydrocarbons, Distribu-
tion, Identifying, Physiology, Literature surveys, Meta-
bolitea, Bioaccumulation.
PB81-232951 PC A02/MF A01
An Investigation of Photoacoustlc Spectroscopy
as a Technique for Measuring Diesel PartlculaM
Emissions. Technical rept., ...
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel P. Heiser. Sep 80,11p EPA-AA-SDSB-80-19
EPA is in the process of proposing a particulate emis-
sion standard for heavy duty diesel vehicles. With this
mandated requirement to regulate particulate emis-
sions, EPA must propose a test procedure for the
measurement of particulate emissions from diesel en-
gines. A draft recommended practice for measuring
particulate emissions from heavy duty diesel engines
has already been developed and described in a previ-
ous report. In the draft recommended practice, tne
necessary additions and changes to the current Feder-
al Test Procedure (FTP) were discussed and generally
involved (1) the use of a dilution tunnel coupled with a
constant mass sampler and (2) the use of filter media
to collect the particulate matter over both the cold ana
hot start portions of the test The latter of these two re-
quirements (i.e., filter measurements) is of special in-
terest here. The technique of photoacoustic spectres-
copy may be an attractive alternative to filter measure-
ments in that it would bring about instantaneous meas-
urement and a short data processing time. This report
will investigate present applications of photoacoustic
spectroscopy, and discuss the feasibility of this tech-
nique as an alternative to filter measurements for certi-
fication testing of light-duty disesel vehicles and heavy
duty diesel engines.
Keywords: 'Particles, Air pollution, Feasibility, Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution detection, 'Photoacoustic
spectroscopy, *Di<
cies, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB81-232969 PC A04/MF A01
Toxic Substances Control Act Grants to States-
Toxics Integration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Robert E. Janney. Jun 81,71p EPA-560/TIIS-81-003
The report describes State projects funded under sec-
tion 28 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Section
28 allows Federal assistance to States wishing to de-
velop toxic substances investigation and control pro-
grams. Approximately $4.5 million was awarded, over
a three-year period, to nine States - Illinois, Maryland.
Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina.
Ohio, Puerto Rico and Wisconsin.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Toxicology, StatesftJnlted
States), Legislation, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Ne*
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Puerto Rico,
Wisconsin, 'Toxic Substances Control Act, Public La*
94-469, Funds.
PB81-232977 CP T02
CICIS - Chemical Production Information Tap*
{TOSCA). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1136 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Denny Daniel, and Susan Bloodworth. Apr 81, mag
tepe*EPA/DF-81/004
supersedes Rept. no. EPA/DF-80/005, PB80-155153.
oource tape Is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes 1or one-halt inch tape. Identify recording mode
n..Lred-,by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
This tape is a computer readable version of the pro-
auction and plant site information associated with the
< oxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Sub-
siance Inventory: Initial Inventory. For a complete un-
derstanding of the data contained on this tape it is nec-
essary to read the introductory material in the hard-
copy version. This description will only touch on a few
important points. This tape contains two major sec-
uons. The first section is a file describing the produc-
«>n or importation volumes of each chemical at each
«!? j Tne second section is a file containing informa-
tion describing the plants that manufacture or import
we chemicals in the inventory. On this tape, chemicals
we identified only by CAS Registry Number.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys. Inventories, Chemical industry,
Manufacturing, 'Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB81-232993 PC A03/MF A01
"•commendation on Feasibility for Onboard Re-
EHeiing Loss Control. Technical rept.
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
^wnaards Development and Support Branch.
gee 78,50p EPA-AA-LDTP-78-15
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
5^£le"nflloss hydrocarbon emissions, estimated to be
•i the range of 4-5 g/gallon, can be controlled by use
™ control equipment at the service station (Stage II
vwtrol) or by use of control equipment in the vehicle
wnuoard control). As required by the 1977 amend-
ments to the Clean Air Act, the Emission Control Tech-
Poioay Division (ECTD) of EPA has reviewed and ana-
£»a available data on the feasibility and desirability of
?njj°ard refueling loss control which will be discussed
"Jtnis report. This information will be combined by the
ymce of Po|jcy Ana|ySis wlth available Stage II control
'"'ormation to provide the basis upon which the Ad-
ministrator may choose the best of the two strategies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Refuel-
£9. Leakage, Automobiles, Feasibility, 'Fugitive amis-
*«n. Onboard refueling, Service stations.
•"881-233017 PC A02/MF A01
'(ramification of Fecal Indicator Bacteria Isolates
Jjorn an Ice-Covered River,
Rational Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
f?ena B. Sparrow, Charlotte V. Davenport, and Ronald
c- Gordon. Jul 79,22p EPA-600/3-79-073
The membrane filter technique was used to enumerate
™je total colHorm (TC), fecal conform (FC), and fecal
jjjreptococcus (FS) populations at seven sample sta-
"°ns on an ice-covered river downstream from a major
jjource of domestic pollution. From each membrane
niter population (m-TC, m-FC, and m-FS), 210 typical
ponies (30 per station) were selected for verification
•nd biochemical differentiation of the component
genera. The 210 m-TC isolates were Klebsiella pneu-
Ppniae (46.2%), Escherichia coli (20.5%), Entero-
r sp. (18.6%). other total conforms (5.2%), and
which did not verify as total conforms. Among
m-TC cultures, 114 were verified as fecal coif
(gas production in EC broth at 44.5C). These
'14 fecal collforms were principally K. pneumonias
W3.5%) and E. coli (35.1 %). In contrast, the 210 m-FC
Allures were predominantly E. coli (77.6%), with K.
Pneumoniae (10.0%), other fecal conforms (3.8%),
5"a those not verified as fecal collforms (8.6%). Of the
2£ m-FS isolates, 167 were identified as enterococci,
"™i 165 being Streptococcus faecalis biotypes. The
"•suits suggested the majority of these indicator bacte-
J^aoriginated from warm-blooded animal feces. Also,
J™»n each population, no overall differences In low
•*"iperature survival of the component genera were
"Qted. However, the evidence does suggest that ge-
Ppnc selectivity of the m-TC and m-FC techniques
°*ases determination of the FC population composi-
2?f. and that the m-FC technique underestimates the
!-C population density.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Bacteria, Streams,
Conform bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Feces, 'Bioindicators,
•Water pollution detection.
PB81-233033 PCA17/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mitigation of Worker Exposure to Ethylene Oxide,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Renee Goldgraben, and Neal Zank. Mar 81,387p
MTR-80W333, EPA/540/9-81-00
Contract EPA-68-01-5944
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Gaseous ethylene oxide (ETO) is widely used to steri-
lize and fumigate a wide variety of goods which may be
otherwise damaged by alternative treatment tech-
niques. Workers engaged in ETO sterilization/fumiga-
tion procedures may be commonly exposed to ETO.
Such exposure may be associated with adverse health
consequences. This report describes the equipment
and treatment procedures in use at selected sites and
identifies and categorizes situations leading to worker
exposure to ETO. Existing engineering, workplace
design, and work practice measures to control worker
exposure are identified and categorized. The extent to
which these measures have been implemented is also
presented. In addition, this report briefly describes
techniques and equipment available for ambient ETO
monitoring and Identifies their advantages and limita-
tions.
Keywords: * Ethylene oxide, 'Industrial medicine, Ex-
posure, Equipment, Indoor atmospheres, Air pollution,
Procedures, 'Occupational safety and health, Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Monitoring.
PB81-233062 PC A03/MF A01
Population Exposure to External Natural Radi-
ation Background In the United States,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Sur-
veillance and Emergency Preparedness Div.
Kenneth T. Bogen, and Abraham S. Goldin. Apr 81,
43p*ORP-SEPD-80-12
This report revises estimates of population exposure
to external natural background made by D. T. Oakley in
1972. The revisions include more recent estimates of
dose equivalents from cosmic rays, use of 1970 U.S.
census data, and corrections for building shielding and
for self-shielding in the body. The dose equivalents
calculated are those from cosmic rays and terrestrial
radiation, and do not include doses from natural radio-
active materials in the body.
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Health physics,
Census, Exposure, Cosmic rays, United States, Esti-
mates, Statistical data.
PB81-233116 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Production of Arthropod Pests and Vectors In
Coal Strip Mine Ponds. Program rept,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
Eugene Pickard. Jun 81,38p' TVA/ONR/WR-81 /4,
EPA-600/7-80-180
The objective of this study was to determine what spe-
cies of medically important arthropods, particularly
mosquitoes, are breeding in coal strip mine ponds, to
what extent, and whether these breeding sites will
serve as a focus of annoyance or a potential outbreak
center of arthropod-borne diseases to surrounding
communities. Pond age was compared with physical
and chemical characteristics of the water and associ-
ated vegetation communities. Various sampling tech-
niques were used to determine the composition and
density of all life stages of the aquatic insect fauna.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Coal mining, 'Culicidae, 'Ponds,
Strip mining. Arthropods, Breeding, Diseases, Abun-
dance, Life cycles, Production, Sites, Larvae, Eggs,
Females, Aquatic plants, Anopheles punctipennis,
Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Cutex erraticus.
PB81-233405 PC A02/MF A01
Chromosome Complement of the Marine Worm
'Neantnes arenaceodentata' (Polychaeta: Anne-
lida). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gerald G. Pesch, and Carol E. Pesch. 31 Oct 79,6p
EPA-600/J-80-321, ERLN-J128
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, V37 n2 p286-288 1980.
The chromosome complement for the marine worm,
Neanthes arenaceodentata, consists of nine pairs; one
pair has a median centromere, seven pairs have sub-
median centromeres, and one pair is polymorphic with
either a subterminal or terminal centromere. A tech-
nique for studying polychaete chromosomes is de-
scribed. This species was selected as a model for
studying cytogenetic effects of toxicants in marine en-
vironments because it has a suitable katyotype, is
easily cultured, and as a benthic organism It Is repre-
sentative of an ecologically important group of orga-
nisms.
Keywords: 'Wprms, 'Chromosomes, Marine biology,
Genetics, Reprints, 'Neanthes arenaceodentata.
PB81-233413
PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Equilibration Time on Photoreactlvlty
of the Pollutant DDE Sorbed on Natural Sedi-
ments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Richard G. Zepp, and Patricia F. Schlotzhauer. Jul 81,
10pEPA-600/J-81-201
Pub. in Chemosphere, v10 n5 p453-4601981.
Photolysis of the hydrophobic pollutant 1,1 -bis(p-chlor-
ophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene (DDE) was studied in
aqueous suspensions of three well-characterized sedi-
ments. Results of the study can be described by equa-
tions that are based on a kinetic model that takes Into
account sorption kinetics. Analysis of the kinetic data
using this model indicates that the sorted DDE Is, at
equilibrium, about half in reactive sites and half in sites
where the DDE is unreactive.
Keywords: 'Sorption, 'Sediments, 'Chemical equilibri-
um, Reaction kinetics, Mathematical models, Chlorine
organic compounds, Reprints, 'DDE insecticide, Ethyl-
ene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro.
PB81-233579 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes by Use of
Ferrous Sulflde. Final rept.,
Colt Industries, Inc., Paris, TN. Holley Carburetor Div.
M. B. Yeligar, G. Bagenski, and R. M. Schlauch. Jul 81,
100p* EPA-600/2-81-142
Grant EPA-S-804648
Prepared in cooperation with Permutit Co., Inc., Mon-
mouth Junction, NJ.
This demonstration was performed to study the oper-
ation, performance and economics of a new sulflde
precipitation process ('Sulfex'TN), for treating metal
finishing wastewaters. The study was performed by
Holley Carburetor Division of Colt Industries, with as-
sistance from the Permutit Company, at the carburetor
manufacturing plant in Paris, Tennessee. Here 'Udy-
lite' processes are used for chromate conversion coat-
ings on aluminum and zinc parts before assembly. A
newly installed SulfexTN system removes chromium
and zinc from the plant's metal finishing wastewater. It
also removes suspended material such as precipitated
aluminum, iron and phosphates. Major steps in the
system are: equalization and neutralization of untreat-
ed wastewater, precipitation of metals and sedimenta-
tion of suspended solids, polishing of settler effluent
with dual media filtration, and finaldewatering of set-
tled sludge. Results show all metals and suspended
solids were removed to levels well below both the city
sewer system limitations and the state guidelines. Ex-
cellent sludge dewatering resulted in the filter press
without use of additional conditioning agents. No hy-
drogen sulfide odor was detected from the reaction
process, treated effluent, or the solid waste produced.
Jar tests were used for controlling effective
wastewater treatment and economical operation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal finishing,
Industrial waste treatment, Performance evaluation,
Economic analysis, Precipitatlon(Chemistry), Zinc,
Chromium, Aluminum, Iron, Inorganic phosphates,
Sedimentation, 'Sulfex process.
December 1983 1137
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-233637 PC A02/MF A01
The Separation of the Isomerlc Phenols of
Benzo(a)Pyrene by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Elsayed A. Elnenaey, and W. Peter Schoor. Jul 81,10p
EPA-600/J-80-125
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry III, p393-400 1981.
A technique has been developed to separate a mixture
of the twelve isomeric phenols of benzo(a)pyrene by
using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with
fluorescence detection and various sequences of
methanol/water gradients. Detection by fluorescence
has increased the sensitivity of the method when com-
pared with UV detection. The effects of flow rate, tem-
perature, and various types of gradients on the separa-
tion of the isomeric phenols are discussed. It has been
found that under the conditions normally employed to
separate these phenols from other metabolites of
benzo(a)pyrene, several of the phenols are not sepa-
rated possibly leading to incorrect identification as well
as quantitation. Diols and diones of benzo(a)pyrene
are also separated by this procedure.
Keywords: "Phenols, "Environmental surveys, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Separation, Fluores-
cence, Ultraviolet spectroscqpy, Reprints, 'Benzopyr-
enes, 'High performance liquid Chromatography.
PB81-233645 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlclty and Sublethal Behavioral Effects
of Copper on Barnacle Nauplll 'Balanus Improvl-
sus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. H. Land, R B. Forward, Jr., D. C. Miller, and M.
Marcy. 1980,9p EPA-600/J-80-320, ERLN-J127
Pub. in Marine Biology 58, pi 39-1451980. Prepared in
cooperation with Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine
Lab.
This study documents the effects of short-term (24 h)
sublethal copper exposures on undirected swimming
activity and photobehavior of Balanus improvisus
stage II nauplii. All Cu treatments were static, with tem-
perature and salinity conditions at 20 C and 15 or 30
percent. The 24 h LC 50 estimate for Cu is 88 ppb at
15 percent and > 220 ppb at 30 percent. Sub-lethal
Cu concentrations cause reductions in swimming
speed, which decrease progressively with increasing
Cu dose. At 50 ppb Cu, this was significant primarily at
light intensities below the phototactic threshold. At
high Cu concentrations, significant reductions in mean
linear velocity occurred at most light intensities tested.
At 30 percent, 50 and 100 ppb Cu also reduce the
positive phototactic response and 150 ppb Cu causes
reversal of phototaxis at optimal intensities. Photokine-
sis is reduced at 100 ppb Cu and disappears at 150
ppb Cu. At 15 percent, the behavioral effects of 50 ppb
Cu resemble those occurring with 150 ppb Cu at 30
percent. Swimming speed and photobehavior show
promise as sensitive behavioral indicators of copper
toxicity. Additional research is required to determine if
these responses apply to a broad range of pollutants
and to other planktonic organisms. There is also a
need to further evaluate the significance of these be-
havioral effects ecologically.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Copper, 'Behavior, 'Barna-
cles, Metals, Exposure, Swimming, Temperature, Sa-
linity, Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, Balanus improvisus, Heavy metals, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB81-233652 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos in Drinking Water and Cancer In the San
Francisco Bay Area: 1969-1974 Incidence. Journal
article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Biomedical and En-
vironmental Health Sciences.
Paul M. Conforti, Marty S. Kanarek, Lorene A.
Jackson, Robert C. Cooper, and Jack C. Murchio. Jul
81.16p EPA/600/ J-81 -277
Grant EPA-R-804366
Pub. in Jnl. Chron. Dis., v34 p211-224 1981. See also
PB81 -213943. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin
Univ.-Madison and Association of Bay Area Govern-
ments, Berkeley, California.
The relationship between ingested asbestos (through
drinking water) and cancer of various body sites was
examined. This study was a follow-up to another article
that investigated this relationship. Age-adjusted, sex
and race specific 1969-1974 cancer incidence ratios
for 410 census tract groupings ('super tracts') of the
San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statis-
tical Area were compared with measured chrysotile as-
bestos counts in drinking waters of super tracts. The
earlier article analyzed cancer data for the 3 yr. period,
1969-1971. The present study used that data and an
added set of cancer cases for 1972-1974. The water
supplies serving the area have varying contact with
naturally occurring serpentine. The t-test for multiple
regression coefficients and the t-test for correlation
coefficients showed significant (p<0.01) relationships
between chrysotile asbestos content of super tract
drinking water and white male digestive tract, esopha-
geal, stomach and pancreatic cancers. For white fe-
males, significant (p<0.01) relationships on these
tests were found for esophageal, stomach, digestive
related organs, and pancreatic cancers. These asso-
ciations appeared to be independent of income, edu-
cation, asbestos occupation, marital status and mobili-
ty.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Potable water, 'Malignant
neoplasms, California, Water pollution, Reprints,
'Drinking water, San Francisco(California), 'Cancer.
PB81-233793 PC A02/MF A01
Studies on the Depuration of Cadmium and
Copper by the American Oyster 'Crassostrea vlr-
glnlca'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gerald E. Zaroogian. 1979, 9p EPA-600/J-79-135,
ERLN-J135
Pub. in Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol.-23, p117-122
1979.
Few studies concerned with the accumulation of trace
metals by the oyster have dealt with depuration. De-
puration, or a loss of metal, has been observed during
gametogenesis. Spawning has also been implicated in
metal loss from the oyster. Some depuration studies
have been performed under controlled conditions
while others have been performed under natural condi-
tions. In most studies, some depuration of metals was
observed. The effect of seawater temperature on
metal depuration from the oyster remains uncertain.
Shuster and Pringle (1969) reported that metal depura-
tion proceeded more slowly at seawater temperatures
of 4-12 degrees than at 20 degrees. The study of Cun-
ningham and Tripp (1975) indicated that mercury
clearance in oysters was greater when temperature
was held constant at 25 plus or minus 2 degrees C
than in a declining temperature regime (25 to 5 de-
grees C). However, Mandelli (1975) reported that
winter conditions were more favorable for copper de-
pletion in oysters. This study was an attempt to estab-
lish under laboratory conditions whether treated oys-
ters would depurate accumulated cadmium and
copper when returned to cleaner waters containing
natural concentrations of these metals. In addition, an
attempt was made to determine if cadmium accumula-
tion would promote copper loss in the oyster.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Copper, 'Oysters, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Metals, Shellfish, Water pollution, Reprints, 'De-
puration, Crassostrea virginica, Heavy metals, 'Toxic
substances.
PB61-233801 PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Infection of the Respiratory Tract
with Mycoplasma Pneumonlae. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ping-Chuan Hu, Jerome M. Kirtz, Donald E. Gardner,
and Dwight A. Powell. Jul 81,8p EPA/600/J-81-028
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v35 p101-
1061980.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common human respira-
tory pathogen, has been studied experimentally for
years using intranasal inoculation of the golden Sytrian
hamster. Because of recent evidence outlining the role
in pulmonary immune development of particle size and
depth of mycoplasma deposition in the hamster lung,
the authors developed an aerosol chamber for the re-
producible aerosolization of radiolabeled M. pneumon-
iae. Organisms were labeled to high specific activity by
the incorporation of 3H-oleic acid and aerosolized
under air-flow and humidity conditions creating a mean
particle diameter of 2.0 micrometers. Under these con-
ditions, viable mycoplasmas were reproducibly and
evenly distributed to all major lobes of the lung. Exami-
nation of radioactive clearance and organism viability
within the lung during the first 48 hr after aerosolization
have suggested a minimal role for macrophage myco-
plasmacidal activity and a more prominent rote for cili-
ary clearance. Data from aerosol infections of ham-
sters with radio-labeled M. pneumoniae should provide
a unique opportunity to examine in a high|y controlled
manner the effects of air pollutants on the initial stages
of infection as well as effects on the development of
pulmonary immunity and histologic alterations.
Keywords: 'Respiratory system, 'Infectious diseases,
'Immunity, Aerosols, Hamsters, Laboratory animals,
Labeled substances, Lung, Reprints, Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, Pathogens.
PB81-233819 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Origins of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In
Estuarlne Sediments. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
James L. Lake, Curtis Norwood, Crandall Dimock, and
Robert Bowen. 20 Jul 79,11p EPA-600/J-79-134
Grant EPA-R-802724
Pub. in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v43
p1847-1854 1979.
In order to determine the origin of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Narragansett
Bay, Rhode Island, the PAH assemblages from the
sediments and from possible origin materials were
analyzed by gas chromatographic and gas chromato-
graphic-mass spectrometric techniques. Analyses in-
cluded determinations of: (1) the relative content of
non-alkylated PAH parent molecules, i.e. parent com-
pound distributions (PCDs); (2) alkylation patterns of
these PAH molecules, i.e. alkyl homolog distributions
(AHDs); and (3) phenanthrene/anthracene (P/A)
ratios. Samples from the Narragansett Bay transect,
which began at a sewage outfall for the City of East
Providence, Rhode Island, and ended 20km to the
south, showed rapidly decreasing concentrations of
PAH compounds with increasing distance from Provi-
dence. The PAH assemblages in transect sediments
surrounding tarred piers were contaminated by coal tar
used to coat the pilings. The close resemblance of
PCDs from bay sediments and combustion products
indicated that the PAHs in the transect sediments were
predominantly combustion generated. While evidence
for the input of PAHs from petroleum to bay sediments
appeared in some AHDs of upper bay transect sedi-
ments, AHDs from the lower (less polluted) end of the
transect showed less influence of petroleum PAH con-
tamination. In general, the shapes of AHDs from tran-
sect sediments of Narragansett Bay appeared to be
best explained by a combination of inputs of PAHs
from petroleum and combustion processes, rather
than by the solubility alteration of PAH assemblages
on incoming airborne material.
Keywords: * Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments, Water pollution, Nar-
ragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Petroleum products,
Sampling, Gas Chromatography, Reprints, 'Water pol-
lution detection.
PB81-233827 PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Report on Nationwide Study of Drink-
Ing Water ana Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Daniel G. Greathouse, and Rebecca H. Osborne. Jul
81,15p EPA/600/ J-80-297
Pub. in Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxi-
cology , v4-2 n3 p65-76 1980.
This study was designed to further investigate the
association(s) of cardiovascular diseases and drinking
water constituents. A sample of 4200 adults were ran-
domly selected from 35 geographic areas to represent
the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the con-
tiguous United States. Each participant was inter-
viewed and given a thorough physical examination. A
tap water grab sample was collected from each partici-
pant's residence and analyzed for 80 inorganic chemi-
cal constituents. This paper is limited to measures of
association between mortality rates and mean inor-
ganic chemical constituent levels for the 35 study
areas. Limited statistical analyses of associations
among some of the chemical constituent levels are
also included. Hardness and calcium appear to follow
the normal trend of negative associations with the
mortality rates for most groups of cardiovascular dis-
eases, whereas the area means for copper and lead
1138 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
are positively associated. Zinc and cadmium associa-
tions were examined, but the range of constituent
levels in the sampled drinking waters is too small for
meaningful interpretation of the results. Unexpectedly,
the area sodium means were negatively related to the
male and femaio cardiovascular mortality rates; the as-
sociations were statistically significant (P<0.05) for
both the male and female total cardiovascular-renal
and ischemic heart disease mortality rates.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Cardiovascular diseases,
Mortality, Water pollution, Medical examination, Inter-
views, Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Drinking water,
Environmental health.
PB81-233835 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The Argo Merchant OH Spill and the Sediments of
Nantucket Shoals: Research, Litigation and Legis-
lation. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Eva J. Hoffman, and James G. Quinn. Jul 81,36p
EPA/600/J-80-319
Grant EPA-R-802724
Pub. in Contaminants and Sediments, v1 p185-218
1980.
On December 15,1976, the tanker Argo Merchant ran
around on Fishing Rip of Nantucket Shoals off the
coast of Massachusetts. After several days of stormy
weather she broke apart releasing her entire cargo of
28 X 10 to 3rd power metric tons of No. 6 fuel oil into
the ocean. Federal and state government agencies
and the New England scientific community launched a
massive study of the spill. Lawsuits were filed and a
concerned populace demanded legislative action. This
chapter reviews the research findings relative to the
interaction of the Argo Merchant oil with the sediments
of Nantucket Shoals, and the interaction of the con-
taminated sediments with the organisms living there
and in the waters above; summarizes the legaf action
filed in the federal court system relating to this spill;
and reviews the government legislation and regula-
tions influenced by the spill.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Legislation, 'Oil pollution,
'Nantucket Shoals, Interactions, Law(Jurisprudence),
Governments, Regulations, Reprints, 'Oil spills, Argo
Merchant vessel.
PB81-233843 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Comparison of UV Fluorescence and Gas Chro-
matographlc Analyses of Hydrocarbons In Sedi-
ments from the vicinity of the Argo Merchant
Wreck Site. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Eva J. Hoffman, James G. Quinn, J. Richard Jadamec,
and Scott H. Fortier. Jul 81,10p EPA/600/J-79/133
Grant EPA-R-802724
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v23 p536-543 1979. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Coast Guard Research and Development
Center, Groton, CT.
On December 15, 1976, the tanker ARGO MER-
CHANT ran aground on Fishing Rip of Nantucket
Shoals off the Massachusetts coast. Within one week
she had broken into three parts. Chemists from the
U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center
(USCGRDC) using u.v. fluorescence spectroscopy
conducted on-board hydrocarbon screening of water
and sediment samples collected on three of these
cruises. As in the previous cruises, USCGRDC chem-
ists screened the sediments for their hydrocarbon con-
tent immediately after collection. These data were
used to assign additional stations to provide more
detail within the planned sampling grid. In addition to
the analyses provided by the Coast Guard, the sedi-
ments were also analyzed at the Graduate School of
Oceanography (URI) using gas chromatography. Since
both groups analyzed samples from the same contain-
er, it was hoped that the two sets of data would provide
an opportunity to compare, using actual field samples,
two different analytical techniques for determining
sediment petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations. The
environmental significance of these studies has been
discussed elsewhere.
Keywords: •Hydrocarbons, 'Chemical analysis, 'Oil
pollution, 'Sediments, Water pollution, Environmental
impacts, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Fluo-
rescence, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, ARGO
MERCHANT Ship.
PB81-234031 PC A03/MF A01
Tissue Assays and Population Characteristics of
Roosevelt Hot Springs' Animals (1977-1978).
Project rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Z. C. Nelson, and W. W. Sutton. Aug 81,48p EPA-600/
4-81-072
Geothermal energy exploration is being conducted at
several locations in the United States including a site
at Roosevelt Hot Springs in southwest Utah. To
assess any possible impact and to help design a moni-
toring strategy for geothermal development, element
concentrations in animal tissues and selected animal
population characteristics were determined at Roose-
velt Hot Springs for the 1977-1978 period. The infor-
mation can be used as baseline data as it was collect-
ed before any extensive industrial development had
taken place. Concentrations of barium, boron, cadmi-
um, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, stronti-
um and zinc were determined for livestock and wildlife
samples. In some cases, concentration values for ad-
ditional elements (e.g., arsenic, lithium, magnesium,
potassium and sodium) were also established. Smalt
mammal populations (primarily rodents and laga-
morphs) were also characterized as part of the effort
to conduct baseline surveys prior to extensive geother-
mal development. Objectives of the limited population
survey were to present information on habitat associa-
tions and species diversity as well as to provide an es-
timate of animal abundance both adjacent to and dis-
tant from the KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource
Area).
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Roosevelt Hot
Springs, Utah, Concentrations(Composition), Charac-
teristics, Animals, Tissues(Biology), Geothermal pro-
specting, Mammals, Water pollution, Heavy metals,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-234049 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Measurement of Benzene Body-Burden for Popu-
lations Potentially Exposed to Benzene In the En-
vironment. Final rept. 7 Dec 77-10 Jun 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Ruth A. Zweidinger, Stephen D. Cooper, Benjamin S.
H. Harris, III, Tyler D. Hartwell, and Ralph E. Folsom,
Jr. Aug 80,206p EPA-560/13-80-028
Contract EPA-68-01-3849
A pilot study was performed to assess the measure-
ment of benzene body-burden for populations poten-
tially environmentally exposed to benzene. Probability
sampling was used to select the participants in the two
study geographical sites, Harris County, TX and St.
Louis, MO plus parts of Wood River, Roxana, South
Roxana and Hartford, IL. Benzene levels were meas-
ured for the air and water environmental exposure for
each participant and the benzene body-burden was
measured through breath levels and, in a subsample,
blood levels. A pretest of occupationally exposed and
non-exposed individuals was used to test analytical
methodology and the concept of breath as an indicator
of body-burden. The blood benzene levels expected
and observed required analytical methods capable of
measuring -1 micrograms/L or below. This methodol-
ogy did not exist and had to be developed for the pre-
test and pilot study. Benzene levels for smokers and
non-smokers were compared in the pretest. The range
of air benzene levels found in the Harris County study
(49 participants) was 2 to 45 micrograms/cu m with a
weighted means of 16.1 micrograms/cu m; breath
levels ranged from 0 to 14 micrograms/cu m with a
weighted mean of 2.9 micrograms/cu m. In the St.
Louis (68 participants) study the range of air benzene
levels was 3 to 125 micrograms/cu m with a weighted
mean of 26.8 micrograms/cu m; breath levels ranged
from 1 to 26 micrograms/cu m with a weighted mean
of 8.5 micrograms/cu m.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Toxicology, Blood chemical
analysis, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Assess-
ments, Air pollution, Water pollution, Measurement,
Texas, Missouri, Smoking, Exposure, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-234098 PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard: 2-Ethyl-1,3-Hex-
anedlol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 81,80p EPA-540/RS-81-005
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing 2-Ethyl-1,3-
Hexandediol (6-12), including how to register under a
registration standard, regulatory position and rationale,
and summaries of data requirements and data gaps.
Also included is a bibliography containing citations of
all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions
and conclusions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Standards, Pesticides, Regulations,
Oxygen organic compounds, Ecology, Residues, Toxi-
cology, 'Hexane diol/ethyl, Path of pollutants.
PB81-234114 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Effects of Pollutants from Coal
Combustion: 2. The Colstrlp, Montana Power
Plant,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Office of Weather Research and Modifi-
cation.
C. C. Van Valin, R. F. Pueschel, and D. L. Wellman. Apr
81, 70p NOAA-TM-ERL-OWRM-3, NOAA-81062609
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Aerosol samples from the plume of the Colstrip, Mon-
tana, power plant were analyzed for the presence of
sulf ates and nitrates with the transmission electron mi-
croscope using the BaCI2 and Nitron tests. Plume pro-
file measurements provided width and thickness di-
mensions that could be compared to the estimations
obtained from numerical plume models. Tracking of
the plume of the Colstrip power plant plume with the
aircraft provided some examples of plume trajectories
that were apparently influenced by the underlying ter-
rain by being diverted by as much as 20 from the wind
direction at plume altitute, or by being ducted along a
valley. Ice nuclei measurements on plume samples, as
done with the filter and the acoustic counter methods
are in conflict, with the former method indicating no dif-
ference in ice nucleus concentrations between plume
and ambient atmosphere, and the latter showing an in-
crease of an order of magnitude, or more, in the plume.
The difference in response between the two methods
may be due to the deactivation of the deposition and
condensation-followed-by-freezing modes of nuclea-
tion by the surface adsorption of soluble sulfates.
Keywords: 'Sulfates, 'Inorganic nitrates, Aerosols,
Plumes, Montana, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Air pollution, Electric power plants, Electron mi-
croscopy, Adsorption, Aerial surveys, Freezing, Con-
densation, 'Colstrip(Montana), *Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Coal fired power plants.
PB81-234221 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Energy Use Patterns and Environmental Implica-
tions of Direct-Fired Industrial Processes. Final
rept. 16 Jun-19 Dec 79,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jay R. Hoover, James R. Blacksmith, and Paul W.
Spaite. Aug 80,93p* RAD-80-230-139-20-03, EPA/
600/7-61-132
Energy consumption patterns and environmental im-
pacts of direct-fired processes in the industrial sector
were identified. The potential effects of fuel switching
in several of these processes were determined. An ex-
tensive bibliography lists the sources consulted in this
study.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Electric power
demand, Food industry. Paper industry, Chemical in-
dustry, Petroleum industry, Petroleum refining, Glass
industry, Metal industry, Environmental impacts, Indus-
tries, 'Energy consumption, 'Industrial sector, Fuel
substitution.
PB81-234239 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1139
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental and Economic Comparison of Ad-
vanced Processes tor Conversion of Coal and
Biomass Into Clean Energy. Final rept. Sep 77-Dec
78,
Bechtel National, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
R. A. Stenzel, B. T. Kown, M. C. Weekes, B. R. Gilbert,
and C. M. Harper. Aug 81,402p EPA-600/7-81-133
Contract EPA-68-02-2616
Biomass and coal conversion into clean energy is
compared on an economic and environmental basis in
three regional scenarios: (1) electric power from direct
combustion of wood versus conventional coal com-
bustion in the South Central U.S., (2) synthetic pipeline
gas from anaerobic digestion of wheat straw and
manure versus high-Btu gasification of coal (HYGAS)
in the Midwest, and (3) synthetic fuel oil from wood liq-
uefaction versus coal liquefaction (H-Coal) in the
Northeast. Conceptual commercial-scale plants are
described. Capital and operating costs are presented
for each of the six plants, and the biomass versus coal
economics are compared. General environmental im-
pacts of biomass and coal resource collection are as-
sessed and compared in the scenario contexts. Plant
environmental emissions were estimated where possi-
ble, and relative environmental impacts are discussed.
Conclusions are given about the conversion concepts
which seem the more promising routes to clean
energy, and areas needing further study are identified.
Keywords: *Coal gasification, *Biomass, 'Economic
Impact, 'Environmental impacts. Comparison, Wood,
Electric power plants, Anaerobic processes, Straw, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Fuels, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, Technology, *Coal lique-
faction, Manure.
PB81-234254 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Fugitive Emis-
sion Data - High Density Polyethylene Process
Unit. Final rept. Jan-May 81,
PEOCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Cynthia M. Harvey, and A. Carl Nelson, Jr. Jun 81,
106pEPA-600/2-81-109
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
The report gives data from a 10-month study of volatile
organic compound (VOC) fugitive emissions from a
high density polyethylene process unit. It gives statis-
tics on leak frequency, leak occurrence, and leak re-
currence, with a leak defined as having a screening
value equal to or greater than 10,000 ppmv. The statis-
tics are broken down into gas and light-liquid service.
The report also includes a valve maintenance pro-
gram; the data provide statistics on repair effective-
ness.
Keywords: 'Polyethylene, 'Air pollution, Organic com-
pounds, Leaking, Maintenance, Valves, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB81-234262 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Response of Portable VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) Analyzers to Chemical Mixtures. Final
rept. Dec80-May81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. A. DuBose, G. E. Brown, and G. E. Harris. Jun 81,
61pEPA-600/2-81-110
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB81 -234254.
The report gives the responses of two types of porta-
ble VOC analyzers (Century Systems OVA-108 and
Bacharach TLV Sniffer), calibrated with methane and
used to measure a variety of chemical vapor mixtures.
Instrument response data for both binary and ternary
mixtures of selected chemicals are presented. Various
empirical models were evaluated to determine an ap-
propriate method of estimating mixture concentration
based on instrument response. The evaluation con-
cluded that the instrument response for a mixture falls
between the responses expected for the pure com-
pounds In the mixture. Thus, an interpolation or weight-
ed average model can be used to predict the response
for mixtures based on known responses for individual
chemicals. Both linear and logarithmic weighted aver-
age models are applied to the data and presented with
estimates of accuracy. In general, these models pre-
dicted the instrument response to within 30% of the
observed value.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, Calibrating, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Mathematical models, Air
pollution, Portable equipment, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution detection, 'Century systems
OVA-108 analyzer, 'Bacharach TLV sniffer analyzer.
PB81-234270 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of SOCMI (Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry) VOC (Volatile Organic
Compound) Fugitive Emissions Data. Final rept.
Dec80-May81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. J. Langley, S. M. Dennis, L. P. Provost, and J. F.
Ward. Jun 81,228p EPA-600/2-81 -111
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB81-234262.
The report gives results of an examination of fugitive
emission data from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manu-
facturing Industry (SOCMI) processing units (Collected
under earlier EPA studies) for correlations between
process variables and leak frequency. Although line
temperature did not have a consistent relationship with
leak frequency, the data showed that leak frequency
increased with increasing line pressure. Also, emission
factors for three process types (vinyl acetate, cumene,
and ethylene) were developed and presented. In-
creases in mass emissions due to occurrence and re-
currence of leaks for these three process types are
also estimated. Finally, the effect of adjusting portable
hydrocarbon readings by chemical response factor
curves on leakage frequency estimates is investigated.
Despite the wide range of response factors encoun-
tered, the adjusted leak frequencies were essentially
the same as the unadjusted frequencies.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, Organic
compounds, Leaking, Temperature, Vinyl acetate,
Cumene, Ethylene, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Fu-
gitive emissions, Emission factors.
PB81-234288 PCA14/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities South Shore
Lake Tahoe Basin: South Tahoe Public Utility Dis-
trict, California, Douglas County Sewer Improve-
ment District No. 1, Nevada. Appendix A: Com-
ments on DEIS. Final environmental impact state-
ment.
Sedway/Cooke, San Francisco, CA.
May81,319p
See also Appendix B, PB81 -234296.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement on the
wastewater treatment programs, proposed by the
South Tahoe Public Utility District and the Douglas
County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, contains
EPA's recommendations on the proposed projects, a
mitigation program, and responses to public comment
and resultant revisions and additions to the Draft EIS,
issued in October of 1979. This document provides a
summary of the many events that have occurred since
the Draft EIS was published, events which have al-
tered the projects originally proposed by the
wastewater agencies. EPA recommends for South
Tahoe Public Utility District a 7.5 mgd maximum daily
flow wastewater treatment plant which produces sec-
ondary treated and filtered effluent for agricultural irri-
gation In Alpine County, California. With respect to the
Douglas County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, a
lack of progress In developing a mitigation program
has resulted in an Agency decision to postpone finaliz-
ing the EIS for that district
Keywords: 'Lake Tahoe Basin, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental Impact statement-final, Air quality, En-
vironment impacts, Construction, Water flow, Irriga-
tion, Agriculture, Sewers, Project planning, Recom-
mendations, Nevada, California, Douglas
County(Nevada), Alpine County(Calitomia), Sewage
treatment plants.
PB81-234296 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Wastewater Treatment Facilities South Shore
Lake Tahoe Basin: South Tahoe Public Utility Dis-
trict, California, Douglas County Sewer Improve-
ment District No. 1, Nevada. Appendix B: Mitiga-
tion Program. Final evironmental impact statement.
Sedway/Cooke, San Francisco, CA.
May81,434p
Prepared in cooperation with South Lake Tahoe Miti-
gation Task Force. See also PB81 -226144, and Ap-
pendix A, PB81 -234288.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement on the
wastewater treatment programs, proposed by the
South Tahoe Public Utility District and the Douglas
County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, contains
EPA's recommendations on the proposed projects, a
mitigation program, and responses to public comment
and resultant revisions and additions to the Draft EIS,
Issued in October of 1979. This document provides a
summary of the many events that have occurred since
the Draft EIS was published, events which have al-
tered the projects originally proposed by the
wastewater agencies. Based on the impact analysis of
various growth scenarios performed in the Draft EIS
and commitments to mitigate primary and secondary
adverse impacts, EPA recommends for South Tahoe
Public Utility District a 7.5 mgd maximum daily flow
wastewater treatment plant which produces second-
ary treated and filtered effluent for agricultural irriga-
tion in Alpine County, California. With respect to the
Douglas County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, a
lack of progress in developing a mitigation program
has resulted in an Agency decision to postpone finaliz-
ing the EIS for that district.
Keywords: 'Lake Tahoe Basin, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-final. Air quality,
Environment impacts, Construction, Water flow, Irriga-
tion, Agriculture, Sewers, Project planning, Recom-
mendations, Nevada, California, Douglas
County(Nevada), Alpine County(California), Sewage
treatment plants.
PB81-234312 PC A09/MF A01
Methods for the Determination of Chemical Con-
taminants In prinking Water. Final rept.,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
John D. Pfaff. Jul 81,182p EPA-430/1-81-023
See also rept. dated Mar 80, PB80-203128.
This handbook is designed for use by instructors who
will have to teach others how to perform National Inter-
im Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NIPDWR) anal-
yses. It is to be used in conjunction with the partici-
pants handbook bearing the same title (PB80-
203128). It includes topics related to the presentation
of training courses in which the analyses are to be
taught. These topics include: examples of course an-
nouncements, agendas, registration procedures, and
records; consideration of staff, equipment and facilities
required to conduct the training. There are Instructor
Lesson Plans containing details about presenting in-
struction for each analysis. Pre- and Post-tests and
student feedback forms are also Included.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Manuals,
Instructional materials, Chemical analysis, Education,
Water pollution, Silver, Cadmium, Lead(Metal),
Mercury(Metal), Pesticides, Barium, Fluorides, Inor-
ganic nitrates, 'Water pollution detection, Drinking
water, Procedures.
PB81-234387 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Workshop on Energy Development Issues Af-
fecting Appalachla. Final rept,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockvllle, MD.
Benjamin L Blaney, Victor F. Jelen, Michael Waldman,
James Evans, and Robert Bovee. Aug 81,88p EPA-
600/7-81-130
Contract EPA-68-03-2674
This report describes the results of a workshop involv-
ing representatives of private industries, government
agencies and public interest groups that was held In
January of 1979 to raise and discuss issues related to
Appalachian energy development.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Coal, Environmental Impacts,
Regulations, Regional planning, 'Appalachian Moun-
1140 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tain Reglon(United States), "Resource development,
energy policy, Energy source development.
PB81-234480 PC A04/MF A01
n*Mth Impac: Assessment of Carbon-14 Emla-
eions from Normal Operations of Uranium Fuel
Cycle Facilities. Final rept.,
unice of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jed W. Fowler, and Christopher B. Nelson. Jun 79,
88pEPA-520/5-80-004
A 1978 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency estimated the public health Impact of C-14 dis-
charges from the light-water-cooled reactor (LWR) nu-
ciear power Industry. The study reported on here eval-
uates the environmental Impact of C-14 discharges
"•om LWR's and LWR fuel reprocessing facilities and
"Pdates the 1976 EPA estimates. The results of this
study will be used to help deliberate the need for a na-
™onai environmental standard for carbon-14 emissions
"orn normal operations of uranium fuel cycle facilities.
Keywords: 'Carbon 14, 'Radiation effects, 'Health
Physics, Nuclear fuel reprocessing, Public health, As-
•easments, Environmental Impacts, Radiation haz-
, ,
™as, Environmental Impacts, Light water reactors,
F"el reprocessing plants.
PBB1-234742 PC AOS/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
'
Studies on Paraho Retorted Oil Shale Lysl-
Leachate, Vegetation, Moisture, Salinity,
«M Runoff, 1977-1980. Final rept.,
Hwrado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
M- K. Kllkelly, H. P. Herbert, III, and W. A. Berg. Aug 81,
»8pEPA-600/7-ei-131
QrantEPA-R-804719
^disposal scheme for Paraho retorted shale utilizing
^meters to simulate a low-elevation (dry site) and a
"JBh-eievation (moist site) was constructed. Objectives
y 'he study were to Investigate (1) vegetative stabiliza-
"on of Paraho retored shale, as affected by leaching
{jo soil cover treatments; and (2) moisture and solu-
te salt movement through the soil/shale profile. After
'"tensive management and four growing seasons, only
"•Parse (2% to 3%) cover of perennial vegetation re-
yuited on the Paraho retorted shale. In contrast, good
!? excellent cover was established and maintained on
£f aoil control and soil-covered retorted shale treat-
"*hte. Initial leaching and irrigation for plant establish-
DBM Produced percolate from drains below the com-
rjjcted shale zone. The percolate from the Paraho re-
"jned shale treatment measured a maximum electrical
conductivity (EC) of 35 mmhos/cm and pH of 11.4.
~"? soil control produced percolate with a maximum
wXi?' 8-5 mmhos/cm and a pH of 8.3. Each spring the
"W-elevation lysimeter received supplemental Irriga-
£>" to simulate a zone of higher precipitation. Perco-
?e Produced from these irrigations exhibited a gener-
~ ovsrall reduction in both EC (33 to 11.4 mmhos/cm)
2™ PH (11.4 to 8.6) by 1980 on the Paraho retorted
•naie treatment. The low-elevation lyslmeters did not
™celve additional spring irrigations and no percolate
"aa produced from the unleached treatments.
'Solid waste disposal, 'Oil shale, 'Lysi-
, 'Management planning, 'Mathematical
Ejte'a. Environmental Impacts, Leaching, Vegetation,
"ure, Salinity, Runoff, Soil chemistry. 'Land dls-
. Paraho process, Water quality.
PC AOS/MF A01
Ann Arbor, Ml.
{$•1-234769
c"*J Economy Retrofit Devices.
|"ylronmental Protection Agency,
ifti'eeton Control Technology Drv.
^L~'i99p
960 also report dated Feb 81 , PB81 -21 5899.
Jhla document announces the conclusions of the EPA
of the 'GasteC device under provisions of
1 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Act On November 11, 1979, the EPA re-
a request from Automotive Devices, Inc. for
Thuatton of a fuel saving device termed 'Gaetell.'
' nl» Device Is designed to provide the vehicle operator
r*ual and audible Indications of inefficient engine op-
:*a«ng conditions so that the fuel-conscious drivers
r^jmodrfy their driving habits to obtain improved effl-
ISPSt- An evaluation has been made and the results
•'•described.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Warning
systems, Acceleration, Efficiency, Performance eval-
uation, GASTELL devices, Driving habits.
PB81-234817 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Response Factors of VOC Analyzer* at a Meter
Reading of 10,000 ppmv for Selected Organic
Compound*. Final rept. Dec 80-Feb 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. A. DuBose, and G. E. Harris. Mar 81,30p EPA/600/
2-81-051
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB81-136194.
The report summarizes results of a ^Interpretation of
data generated In a laboratory study of the sensitivity
of two types of portable hydrocarbon detectors to a va-
riety of organic chemicals. (A previous report, PB81-
136194, describes and gives original results of the lab-
oratory study.) Detector sensitivity is quantified by a re-
sponse factor for each chemical where the response
factor equals the actual concentration of the chemical
divided by the observed concentration from the detec-
tor. The previous report estimated response factors at
10,000 ppmv actual concentration of the chemical.
This report presents response factors estimated for a
10,000 ppmv detector reading. The Instruments were
calibrated to 7993 ppmv methane gas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Organic compounds, Cali-
brating, Performance evaluation, Gas detectors, Meth-
ane, Concentration(Composition), Comparison, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, 'Response factors, Numeri-
cal solution, OVA-108 analyzer, TLV-sniffer analyzer.
PB81-234825 PC A12/MF A01
Risk AMeaament on (2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxy)
Acetic Acid (2,4,6-T), (2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxy)
Proplonlc Acid, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-P-
Dloxln (TCDD).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
Jul 81,275p EPA-600/6-81 -003
Carcinogenic responses have been Induced in mice
and rats at low doses of TCDD. TCDD has been shown
to be a cancer promoter. These results, together with
the strongly suggestive evidence in epidemiology stud-
ies, constitute substantial evidence that TCDD is likely
to be a human carcinogen. It appears that TCDD Is a
more potent carcinogen than aflatoxln B1 which is one
of the most potent carcinogens known. The levels of
TCDD (contained as an unavoidable contaminant of
the 2,4,5-T) used in the 2,4,5-T studies apparently
were too small to produce an observable response In
those experiments. The lack of a statistically signifi-
cant tumor Incidence In most of the studies on the
2,4,5-T product may be attributed to the very low levels
of TCDD in the product relative to the levels at which it
produced carcinogenic effects In rats and mice, as well
as to deficiencies of those studies. However, since
TCDD is a carcinogen, any product containing TCDD,
Including 2,4,5-T and sllvix, can be considered to pose
a human carcinogenic hazard. Furthermore, a rat study
on specially purified 2,4,5-T provides highly suggestive
evidence that essentially pure 2,4,5-T may be a human
carcinogen. Quantitative assessments have been cal-
culated for the carcinogenic risk posed to humans.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Carcinogens,
Dosage, Chlorine organic compounds, Laboratory ani-
mals, Mice, Rats, Malignant neoplasms, Epidemiology,
'Dloxln/tetrachloro-dlbenzo, 'Carcinogenesls, Toxic
substances, 'Sllvex, *T 2-4-5 herbicide, Cancer.
PB81-234833 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
78-Jun 80,
General Battery Corp., Reading, PA.
Norman I. Shaplra, Han-Lien Liu, John Baranskl, and
David Kurzweg. Aug 81,96p EPA-600/2-81 -147
Grant EPA-S-805748
This project was undertaken to evaluate the capability
of croasflow microflltration to remove suspended toxic
metal and metal hydroxides from battery manufactur-
ing wastewaters. The demonstration was conducted at
the General Battery Corporation plant at Hamburg,
Pennsylvania. A full scale system capable of process-
ing 150,000 liters per day (40,000 gal/day) was con-
structed and installed at the General Battery facility.
The following conclusions were determined from the
demonstration at General Battery: (1) Cross-flow filtra-
tion will effectively remove suspended solids and sus-
pended metal hydroxides Including arsenic hydroxide
and antimony hydroxide from battery manufacturing
wastewaters, (2) reasonable flux rates can be
achieved with the use of the microfiltratlon membrane
filters, (3) sludges of up to 35 percent solids can be
easily generated significantly reducing the sludge gen-
eration rate. Suspended solid In feed ranging as nigh
as 180,000 ppm were typically reduced to less than 5
ppm in the permeate. Lead was reduced from several
hundred ppm In the feed to less than .10 ppm In the
permeate. The pH of the wastewater was maintained
between 8 and 9.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Electric batteries,
Filtration, Industrial waste treatment, Manufacturing,
pH, Lead(Metal), Field tests, 'Heavy metals, •Microfll-
tration, Water quality.
PB81-234874 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB Waete Oil.
Volumell. Documentation. Final rept. May-Dec 79,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
S. G. Zelenskl, Joanna Hall, and S. E. Haupt. Mar 81,
220p EPA/600/2-81/033B
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB81-173346.
The two-volume report documents the permitting proc-
ess followed by the State of Michigan before allowing
a trial destruction burn of polychlorinated blphenyls
(PCBs) at the General Motors (GM) Chevrolet Bay City
plant, volume I includes a chronology of events and a
matrix depicting the interaction of federal, state, and
local government agencies and GM in the permitting
process. The matrix presents a list of who requested
and who responded to each need for additional infor-
mation. An analysis of the significance of interactions,
including interagency communications, private sector/
public communication, and the flow and quality of in-
formation developed, is provided. Finally, recommen-
dations that are based on this permit application proc-
ess and that might facilitate subsequent applications
for burns of hazardous materials are made, volume II
contains the relevant documents summarized In the
Volume I lists. Recommendations include: (1) identifi-
cation of all groups that may play an important role In
future permitting processes; (2) contacting these
groups by letter or in person; (3) developing a relation-
ship of cooperation with these groups; (4) determining
the level of support for proposed action; and (5) deter-
mining the necessary course of action based on the
level of support.
Keywords: 'Liquid waste disposal, Chlorine organic
compounds, Licenses, State government, National
government, Interactions, Forecasting, Local govern-
ments, Hazardous materials, 'Bipnenyl/perchloro,
'Polychlorinated blphenyls, 'Spill clean up.
PB81-235046 PC AOS/MF A01
Policy iMuea Papers: Six Paper* On Controlled
Trading,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jan Bush, Brent Carson, Janet Lyders, Malcolm
Weiss, and David Foster. Aug 81,10Op EPA-230/3-81 -
004
Contents:
Emission allocation - a tool for air quality planning
and Implementation of reasonable further
progress;
An emission offset and banking regulation for the
Puget Sound Region;
The Puget Sound emissions banking experience;
Emission reductions from shutdowns - Their role In
banking and trading systems;
The potential of generating emission reduction
credits from solar and energy conservation
under innovative reforms in air pollution control;
Indirect offsets - A supplemental program to
facilitate Interflrm trades In emission reductions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Shutdowns, Regulations,
Puget Sound, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
December 1983 1141
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Solar energy, Energy conservation, Sources, Econom-
ic analysis, Air quality, Ventura County(California).
PB81-235384 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Environmental Regulation* and Technology: The
Dry Cleaning Industry. Final rept. May 79-May 81,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Steven J. Lute. May 81,20p EPA/625/10-81-002
Grant EPA-C-2782
This document reports current and proposed Federal
pollution regulations that will affect the dry cleaning in-
dustry and describes several techniques that dry
cleaning facilities can use to comply with regulations.
Control technologies and costs for applying the tech-
nologies are discussed to reduce hydrocarbon emis-
sions for the three solvent systems: perchloroethylene
(perc), petroleum distillate (specifically Stoddard Sol-
vent), and fluorocarbon (specifically F-113).
Keywords: 'Dry cleaning, 'Regulations, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol, Industrial hygiene, Technology, Economic analy-
sis, Fluorine organic compounds, Petroleum, Solvents,
Industrial wastes, Freons, Ethylene/tetrachloride,
Solid wastes, Freon-113, Ethane/trichloro-trifluoro.
PB81-235491 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Economic Impact of Environmental Regulations
on Housing. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Sarah Welnstein, Peter Hall, Robert McMahon, Mark
Hunsberger, and Robert Burke. Jul 81,297p* EPA-
230/3-81-003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6012
Over the past decade housing prices have increased
dramatically. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency sponsored this study to gain a better under-
standing of the effect of federal environmental regula-
tions on the cost of housing. The study has three parts:
a literature survey, case studies of Boston and Dallas,
and an econometric analysis. Both the case studies
and the literature search suggest that costs from envi-
ronmental regulations are dependent on the charac-
teristics of the proposed development and the political
and administrative context In which this development
must be reviewed.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Regulations, Pollution,
Cost analysis, Legislation, Prices, Residential build-
ings, 'Housing, 'Environmental protection,
DallasfTexas), Boston(Massachusetts).
PB81-235772 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Sodium and Blood Pressure In
Children: A Second Look. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
Robert W. Tuthill, and Edward J. Calabrese. Jul 81,
10pEPA-600/J-81-289
GrantEPA-R-805612
Pub. in AJPH, v71 n7 p722-729 Jul 81.
A previous study by the current authors demonstrated
a statistically significant and clinically important eleva-
tion of 3-5 mmflg in mean systolic and diastolic blood
pressure in high school sophomores in a community
with 108 mg/L of sodium in the water supply when
compared to their peers in an appropriately matched
community with 8 mg/L of sodium. The current Investi-
gation, employing identical techniques but studying
third graders in the same two communities, showed
similar results. This second look considered dietary
intake and urinary excretion of sodium. Since the dif-
ference in 24-hour dietary sodium consumption was
300 milligrams between the communities, an Intake of
one liter of high sodium tap water represented approxi-
mately 25 per cent of the difference in total sodium
Intake between the two communities. These studies
suggest that sodium consumption in both drinking
water and diet may be contributing to the difference in
blood pressure distributions among the normotenslve
children In the two communities.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Hypertension, 'Children,
'Sodium, Blood pressure, Physiological effects,
Metals, Diets, Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PB81-23S780 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Rat Conceptus Development In Vitro: Compara-
tive Effects of Alkylatlng Agents. Journal article,
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. K. Sanyal, K. T. Kitchin, and R. L. Dixon. 18 Apr 80,
8pEPA-600/J-81-272
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 57, p14-
191981.
Conceptuses removed from the rats In the eleventh
day of gestation were cultured in vitro for 2 days.
Growth and differentiation of the major organs of the
embryo in vitro resembled those developed In vivo.
Embryonic development and organogenesls were
markedly affected when the alkylating agents TEM
(2,4,6-triethylenlmlno-1,3,5-trlazine) and nitrogen mus-
tard (mechlorethamine hydrochloride) were added to
the culture medium. At concentrations of 1 and 5 mi-
crograms/ml medium, these teratogens were highly
embryptoxlc and affected both growth and differentia-
tion. DMA and protein content of embryos and yolk
sacs was reduced significantly (p<0.001) from the
controls. Development of conceptuses in the culture
medium that contained cyclophosphamide (0.35 mM)
alone apparently were normal. However, addition of
cyclophosphamide (0.35 mM), mlcrosomes (0.5 mg
protein/ml), and NADPH (1 mM) to the culture medium
induced marked deleterious effects on the conceptus
growth and defferentiation. ONA and protein contents
were significantly (p> 0.001) reduced by the combined
treatment indicative of formation of reactive metabo-
lites and their interference with macromolecular bio-
synthesis. Aminopyrine which has not been shown to
be teratogenic, in equimolar amounts to cyclophos-
phamide, under identical conditions of culture, did not
affect conceptus development.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, In
vitro analysis, Culture media, Reprints, 'Alkylating
agents, 'Embryos, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-235798 PC A02/MF A01
A One-Step Derivatization Procedure for Several
Carbamate Pesticides. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Merrill D. Jackson, and Stephen D. Soileau. Jul 81,7p
EPA-J-80-246
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contam. Toxicology 26,
P97-101 1981.
A review by KUHR and DOROUGH (1976) discusses
several procedures for the direct conversion of carba-
mates to compounds amenable to GC analysis. The
purpose of this study was to determine if any of these
carbarnate derivatization procedures could be applied
to a wide range of carbarnate pesticides at the residue
level and stilluse the standard gas chromatographlc
columns and operating conditions as described in the
EPA manual (Thompson 1977) for ECGC. Herein, the
authors report the results of the use of pentafluoroben-
zyl bromide as a derivatization reagent with 23 carba-
mates of widely different structure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carbamates, 'Chemical anal-
ysis, Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys,
Reviews, Reprints, Procedures.
PB81-235806 PC A02/MF A01
Health Aspects of Wastewater Aerosols. Journal
article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
H. R. Pahren, and W. Jakubowski. Jul 81, 6p EPA-600/
J-81-290
Pub. in Wat. Sci. Tech., v13 p1091 -10961981.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency arranged for several
studies, by universities or research institutions, to
gather information on health effects associated with
wastewater aerosols. Five studies were conducted at
wastewater treatment plants and all have been com-
pleted. The comprehensive Investigations described
leave little doubt that working at or living near a
wastewater treatment plant does not present a micro-
biological hazard to the people from the aerosols.
However, it should always be kept In mind that sewage
contains pathogenic agents and the potential for infec-
tion or illness is present.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Waste water, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Reprints, 'Environmental health, Water
pollution control.
PB81-23S814 PC A03/MF ACM
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Mutagenlc Effects of Diesel Emis-
sions: I. Tests for Heritable and Germ-Cell Effects
In the Mouse. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
L. B. Russell, W. M. Generoso, W. L. Russell, and E. F.
Oakberg. Aug 81,35p EPA/600/1 -81 /056
Contract EPA-79-DX-0710
The Environmental Protection Agency, under the
Clean Air Act, is charged with the responsibility for reg-
ulating the emissions from new motor vehicles. In
order to assess potential heritable effects of diesel ex-
haust, mice were exposed to whole diesel exhaust by
inhalation and a number of genetic end points were
studied. Exposure times varied from 5 to 10 weeks for
the different groups. The diesel paniculate concentra-
tion averaged 6 mg/cu. m. during the exposure period
of 8 hours per day and 7 days of the week. The results
of all genetic assays in both sexes were negative; how-
ever, small but unequivocal effects on the reproductive
performance of females of one strain were observed.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Mutagens, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Evaluation, Mice, Bloassay, Exposure, Laboratory
animals, Respiration, Air pollution, 'Mutagenesls.
•Diesel engine exhaust, 'Air pollution
effects(Anlmals).
PB81-23S970 PC A02/MF A01
Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tissue: Power-Den-
sity Versus Internal Field-Intensity Dependencies
at 50-MHz RF Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. F. Blackman, S. G. Benane, W. T. Joines, M. A.
Hollls, and D. E. House. Jul 81, 9p EPA-600/J-80-311
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 1, p277-2831980.
In previous experiments changes were found In calci-
um-ion efflux from chick-brain tissue that had been ex-
posed in vitro to 147-MHz radiation across a specific
range of power densities when the field was amplitude
modulated at 16 Hz. In the present study, 50-MHz radi-
ation, similarly modulated as a sinusoid, was found to
produce changes in calcium-ion efflux from chick
brains exposed in vitro in a Crawford cell. Exposure
conditions were optimized to broaden any power-den-
sity window and to enhance the opportunity to detect
changes in the calcium-ion efflux. The results of a
power-density series demonstrated two effective
ranges: One spanning a range from 1.44 to 1.67 MH/
sq. cm, and the other Including 3.64 mW/sq. cm, which
were bracketed by no-effect results at 0.72, 2.17, and
4.32 mW/sq. cm. Peaks of positive findings are associ-
ated with near-identical rates of energy absorption: 1.*
mlcrowatts/g at 147 MHz, and 1.3 mlcrowatts/g at 50
MHz, which indicates that the enhanced-efflux phe-
nomenon Is more dependent on the intensity of fields
in the brain that on the power density of incident radi-
ation. In addition, the phenomenon appears to occur at
multiples of some, as yet unknown, rate of radlofre-
quency (RF) energy absorption. Because of the ex-
tremely small increments of temperature associated
with positive findings (<4 X 0.0001 degrees C), and
the existence of more than one productive absorption
rate, a solely thermal explanation appears extremely
unlikely.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, Tissues(Biology), Expo-
sure, 'Calcium ion efflux.
PB81-236101 PC AM
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aug81,1682p-in5v
Set Includes PB81-236119, PB81-236127, PB81-
236135, PB81-236143 and PB81-236150. Sponsored
1142 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
JT^part by the Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto,
No abstract available.
£881-236119 PC A05/MF A01
electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
jTpojadlng of the Joint Symposium on Stationary
Combustion NOx Control. Volume I: NOx Emission
••"•a and Invited Papers,
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
gno.lePark,NC.
J°bfrt E. Hall, and J. Edward Cichanowicz. Aug 81,
wp EPA-600/9-81-028A, IERL-RTP-1083A
by th 1° Volume Zi PB61-236127. Sponsored in part
£*° available In set of 5 reports PC A99, PB81-
2* Proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
?ntatlons made during the symposium, October 6-9,
"oop, In Denver, CO. The symposium was sponsored
Dy the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
al Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC, and the Electric Power Research Insti-
fan? (EPR5' Pal° Alt0' CA- Maln toP|cs lncluded utility
rr™|' field tests; NOx flue gas treatment; advanced
jjornbustlon processes; environmental assessments;
, commercial, and residential combustion
sources; and fundamental combustion research.
Ujywords: *Air pollution control, 'Meetings, "Nitrogen
owaes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Regu-
"rapns, Standards, California, 'Stationary sources,
*>' pollution abatement, Air quality, Acid rain.
S*?1-236127 PC A23/MF A01
geetric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
.„ mj of the Joint Symposium on Statlon-
2>'Combustion NOx Control. Volume II: Utility
"O'ler NOx Control by Combustion Modification,
"Wustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
«HJlePark.NC.
"Obert E. Hall, and J. Edward Cichanowicz. Aug 81,
SJOP EPA-600/9-B1-028B, IERL-RTP-1084A
g|| also Volume 1, PB81-236119 and Volume 3,
£081-236135. Sponsored in part by the Electric Power
"^search Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
23R Callable in set of 5 reports PC A99, PB81-
Jna proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
i2S?on8 rnade during the symposium, October 6-9,
'"op, in Denver, CO. The symposium was sponsored
°y the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
r! environmental Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
FWe Park, NC, and the Electric Power Research Insti-
£|e (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. Main topics included utility
rj^er field tests; NOx flue gas treatment; advanced
J*ornbu8tion processes; environmental assessments;
, commercial, and residential combustion
JrHrc«s; and fundamental combustion research. This
rpiume relates to the use of combustion modification
10 control NOx emissions from utility boilers.
: *Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Nitrogen
ft,rvl°?i Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Boil-
~<*. Electric power plants, Revisions, Technology, Flue
aa>es, Pilot plants, Burners, 'Stationary sources,
power plants.
P° A13/MF A01
nst., Palo Alto, CA.
. of the Joint Symposium on Station*
yy Combustion NOx Control. Volume III: Utility
IM* N0x Control by Flue Qas Treatment,
[Uustrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
Sjwert E. Hall, and J. Edward Cichanowicz. Aug 81 ,
f2fc EPA-600/9-81 -028C, IERL-RTP-1 085A
gfe also Volume 2, PB81-236127 and Volume 4,
£881-236143. Sponsored in part by the Electric Power
^search Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
~ao available in set of 5 reports PC A99, PB81-
<38101.
Ijje proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
i a?*0"8 rnade during the symposium, October 6-9,
L*°0, in Denver, CO. The symposium was sponsored
r» we Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
* environmental Research Laboratory, Research Trl-
?"8'e Park, NC, and the Electric Power Research Instl-
we (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. Main topics Included utility
boiler field tests; NOx flue gas treatment; advanced
combustion processes; environmental assessments;
industrial, commercial, and residential combustion
sources; and fundamental combustion research. This
Volume relates to the treatment of flue gases from utili-
ty boilers to control NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Flue gases, Electric power plants, Field tests, Technol-
ogy, Boilers, Catalysis, 'Stationary sources, Coal fired
power plants.
PB81-236143 PC A19/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Volume IV: NOx
Control and Environmental Assessment of Indus-
trial Process Equipment, Engines, and Small Sta-
tionary Sources,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Hall, and J. Edward Cichanowicz. Aug 81,
446p* EPA-600/9-81-028D, IERL-RTP-1086A
See also Volume 3, PB81-236135 and Volume 5,
PB81 -236150. Sponsored In part by the Electric Power
Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC A99, PB81-
236101.
The proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
entations made during the symposium, October 6-9,
1980, in Denver, CO. The symposium was sponsored
by the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
al Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC, and the Electric Power Research Insti-
tute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. Main topics Included utility
boiler field tests; NOx flue gas treatment; advanced
combustion processes; environmental assessments;
Industrial, commercial, and residential combustion
sources; and fundamental combustion research. This
volume relates to NOx control and environmental as-
sessment of Industrial process equipment, engines,
and small stationary sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Technology, Revisions, Residential build-
ings, Field tests, Performance evaluation, 'Stationary
sources.
PB81-2361SO PC A14/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Volume V: Funda-
mental Combustion Research and Advanced
Processes,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Hall, and J. Edward Cichanowicz. Aug 81,
325p* EPA-600/9-81-028E, IERL-RTP-1087A
See also Volume 4, PB81-236143. Sponsored in part
by the Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC A99. PB81-
236101.
The proceedings document the approximately 50 pres-
entations made during the symposium, October 6-9,
1980, in Denver, CO. The symposium was sponsored
by the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
al Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC, and the Electric Power Research Insti-
tute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA. Main topics included utility
boiler field tests; NOx flue gas treatment; advanced
combustion processes; environmental assessments;
industrial, commercial, and residential combustion
sources; and fundamental combustion research. This
volume relates to NOx control as applicable to both
fundamental combustion research and advanced
processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Meetings, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Combustion, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Flames, Catalysis, 'Stationary sources.
PB81-23712S PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Testing Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues, Teet Group No. 12. Technical
rept
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
1980,60p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
See also PB81-166316.
The intention of this test group was to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of the Portland inspection maintenance (I/
M) program on light duty trucks (LDT's). 105 LOT'S
were recruited from the Portland area and tested in
their as-received condition. The testing on each LDT
consisted of a DEQ Idle Test, HTS Idle Test, FTP,
Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET), 50 MPH Cruise
Test, Two Mode Test, two Four Mode Tests (one with
a spark plug disconnected), Propane Gain Checks and
a complete diagnostic check. All LDT's which failed
the DEQ inspection test were taken to local repair fa-
cilities upon completion of the initial test sequence.
The mechanics were told to make the necessary re-
pairs to pass the DEQ Inspection test with no mention
being given that the vehicle was involved in a test pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Maintenance, Inspection, Performance
tests, Air pollution control equipment.
PB81-238024 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fate of Priority Pollutants In Publicly Owned
Treatment Work: Documentation for TOXET Data
Set,
Burns and Roe Industrial Services Corp., Paramus, NJ.
Howard Feller. Oct 79,403p EPA-440/1-79-301
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
Initiated a program to study the occurrence and fate of
129 selected toxic organic and Inorganic pollutants
(priority pollutants) by means of a sampling program,
at 40 publicly owned treatment works (POTW's). The
first phase of this work was a pilot study at two
POTW's to select the parameters of interest and es-
tablish detailed technical procedures that will be used
for the overall project In this report, data obtained
from the two POTW's selected for the pilot study are
presented. Since these tw9 plants have different pro-
portions of industrial contributions and priority pollut-
ant levels in POTW Influents is examined. Additionally,
other specific phenomena were studied, including the
overall removal of toxic pollutants, removal of toxic
pollutants, removal mechanisms, concentration of
toxic pollutants in sludge and the formation of chlorin-
ated hydrocarbons during chlorine hydrocarbon during
chlorine disinfection. EPA protocol for collection, sam-
pling and analysis of priority pollutants was followed
for each procedure performed in the study, except
where noted. Details of specific goals of the pilot study
are outlined below.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment. Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Sampling,
Concentration(Compositlon), Sites, Chemical analysis,
Tables(Data), Activated sludge process, 'Path of pol-
lutants, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution detection,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Publicly owned treatment
work.
PB81-238073 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Soil Filtration of Sewage Effluent of a Rural Area.
Final rept Jun 77-Sep 80,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
B. R. Savey, K. A. Barbarick, and N. A. Evans. Aug 81,
115p EPA/600/2-81-151
Grant EPA-R-805401
The treatment performance of irrigation using primary
lagoon treated municipal sewage is compared to
normal stream or ditch water irrigation when applied to
mountain meadows and crops In a high altitude climate
during summer months. The two irrigation waters are
applied at different rates to plots that have both natural
drainage and tile underdralns. A special winter oper-
ation is evaluated for applying primary lagoon treated
municipal wastewater to ridge and furrow basins after
they have been covered with an insulating sheet of ice
and snow. Development of winter operations allow
capital cost of constructing winter storage to be drasti-
cally reduced for small rural treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Fluid filtration. 'Soils, 'Farm crops, 'Irriga-
tion, 'Sewage treatment, Summer, Lagpons(Ponds),
Operations, Ice, Rural areas, Soil water, Ground water.
December 1983 1143
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Elevation, Land use, Capitalized costs, Storage,
Winter, Land application.
PB81-238156 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Cttalytlcally and Noncatalytleally TrMttd Auto-
mobile Exhaust: Biological Effects In Rat*. Journal
article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
G. P. Cooper, James P. Lewkowskl, Lloyd Hastings,
andM.Malanchuk.Jun8l, 14p EPA/600/J-77-181
Contract EPA-68-03-0492
Pub. In Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Health, v3 p923-934 1977.
Chronic exposure to catalytically treated or noncataly-
tlcally treated automobile exhaust significantly de-
pressed the spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) of
rats. Exposure to H2S04 alone or CO at comparable
levels did not alter the SLA. Exposure to noncatalyti-
cally treated exhaust resulted in significant reductions
In growth rate and food and water Intake. However,
these effects were not evident in the exposure to cata-
lytically treated exhaust or in the control H2S04 and
CO exposures. Blood acid-base analyses Indicated
that exposure to either catalytically treated exhaust or
H2SO4 elicits a metabolic alkalosis, while exposure to
CO alone results In a metabolic acidosls. All acid-base
parameters were within the normal range several
weeks after the termination of exposure.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Sulfuric acid. Carbon
monoxide, Growth, Physiological effects, Blood chemi-
cal analysis, Reprints, Biological effects, Automobile
exhaust, "Toxic substances, Motor activity.
PB61-238305 PC A18/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors:
Highway Mobile Sources. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mar 81,408p EPA-460/3-81 -005
See also PB81 -223067.
This is the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Fac-
tors: Highway Mobile Sources, March 1981 (EPA 460/
3-81-005) document. It summarizes the emission fac-
tors and calculation methodologies used in the
MOBILE2 computer program. The emission factors
are presented for eight individual vehicle types in three
regions of the country. This document describes the
basic test procedures used to collect the hydrocarbon
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) emissions and the generalized emission factors
calculation equations. The emissions presented in this
document are the basic exhaust emissions, the crank-
case and evaporative HC emissions, January 1 basic
exhaust emission levels, and idle exhaust emissions.
Further, non-methane HC fractions and particulates
are presented. In addition to the standard test proce-
dure emissions, emission correction factors are pre-
sented to adjust the emissions for various ambient and
vehicle usage conditions such as speed, temperature,
and humidity for NOx.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Particles, California, Motorcycles, Trucks,
Gasoline, Highways, 'Emission factors, Diesel engine
exhaust, Light duty vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles, Nu-
merical solution.
PBB1-238463 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
The Mass Spectra and Isotoplc Purity of Com-
pounds Proposed for Use In the Master Analytical
Scheme tor the Analysis of Organic Compounds
In Water,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC,
E. White, V. J. M. Welch, and H. S. Hertz. Nov 80,62p
NBSIR-80-2160
Mass spectra for 24 deuterated organic compounds
are given In tabular and graphical form. The mole per-
cent deuterium at labelled positions as determined by
mass spectrometry for 23 compounds Is given.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
•Mass spectroscopy, Tables(DataT, Purification, Iso-
topes, Deuterium compounds, Chemical analysis,
Concentratlon(Compositlon).
PB81-238644 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Test and Evaluation Report: Cane Run
Unit No. 6, Louisville Qas and Electric Co. Final
rept. Sep 79-Jun 81,
TRW Environmental Engineering Dlv., Redondo
Beach, CA.
L. L. Scinto, R. F. Maddalone, D. K. McNeil, and J. A.
Wilson. Aug 81,114p EPA-600/7-81-134,, IERL-RTP-
1234
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
The report gives results of a comprehensive multime-
dia emissions assessment of a coal-fired boiler
equipped with electrostatic precipltators (ESPs) and a
dual-alkali flue gas desulfurlzation system. Flue gas
pollutant concentrations were measured at the inlet
and outlet of both control devices. Scrubbing efficien-
cy for S02 was 88%. Partlculate removal efficiencies
were 99.7% across the ESPs and 19% across the
scrubbers for a total removal efficiency of 99.86%.
Particulates (exclusive of H2S04 aerosol) less than 3
micrometers in diameter accounted for 59% by
weightof total paniculate emissions. Emissions of pri-
mary sulfate removal efficiencies were 48% across the
ESPs and 77% across the scrubbers. Partlculate sul-
fate emissions after scrubbing accounted for about
50% by weight of total paniculate emissions. The two
liquid streams discharged from the site showed con-
centrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Fe, Mn, Nl, P, and Pb at
levels of potential environmental concern. However, In
most cases, the levels discharged to the river were not
significantly different from those found in makeup
water from the river. Waste solids consisted of three
collected ash streams and scrubber filter cake. The
ashes contained several elements of potential health
and ecological concern but few organics (0.04-0.48
mg/kg).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Electro-
static precipitators, Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Scrubbers, Panicles,
Electric power plants, Flue gases, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Aluminum, Cadmium, Calcium,
Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Phosphorus,
•Louisville Gas and Electric Company, Coal fired
power plants, Flue gas desuifurization.
PB81-238842 PC AOS/MF A01
Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockville, MD.
Quldea for Naturally Occurring and Accelerator-
Produced Radioactive Materials (HARM). Rept. for
Jul77-Jun81.
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Jun 81,82p' DHHS/PUB/FDA-81-8025,, FDA/BRH-
81/91
Contract PHS-223-79-6010
Supersedes PB-272 303. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.,
and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Products containing naturally occurring and accelera-
tor-produced radioactive materials (NARM) (other than
uranium, thorium, and tailings produced in their extrac-
tion) are not subject to regulation by the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, nor are they comprehensively
controlled by any other Federal agency. In the interest
of uniform control for radioactive materials, the Confer-
ence of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc., es-
tablished a Teak Force to develop guidance for the in-
dividual State's evaluation of NARM products. The
Task Force consisted of representatives from State
Radiation Control Programs; the Bureau of Radiologi-
cal Health, FDA; the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commfs-
sion; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The Bureau of Radiological Health funded the Task
Force activities end provided the secretariat for the
project. These guides are intended to assist those per-
sons or agencies interested in the uniform require-
ments governing the manufacture, assembly, and dis-
tribution of radioactive products.
Keywords: 'Radioactive materials, Guidelines, Con-
trol, Requirements, Manufacturing, Distribution, Mate-
rials handling, Particle accelerators, Quality control,
Labels, Safety engineering, Medical equipment, Envi-
ronmental protection, Radio-pharmaceutical agents.
PB81-238883 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Association between Birth Defects and Expoaunt
to Ambient Vinyl Chloride. Final rept.,
Laval Univ., Quebec.
Gllles P. Therlault, Hilda Iturra, and Suzanne Gingra*.
Aug81,106pEPA-600/1-81-057
Contract EPA-68-02-2780
To better define the association between exposure to
vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and the occurrence or
birth defects, this epidemlological study was made in
Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada, where a vinyl cniono"
polymerization plant has operated since 1943. Blrtn-
defect rates In Shawinigan during the last 15 years
were compared with rates In three other communities.
and seasonal and spatial variations in Shawinigan *
birth-defect rate were correlated with estimated VOM
concentrations In the environment. Shawinigan had an
excess of birth defects which fluctuated seasonally «
a way that could correspond to changes in VCM con-
centration In the environment. Mothers who gave birm
to malformed children were younger on average in
Shawinigan than In the comparison communities-
However, there was no excess of stillbirths In ShawW-
gan, the excess of birth defects involved most sys-
tems, and variation in birth-defect rates among scnooi
districts could not be accounted for by estimates OT
VCM in the atmosphere. The occupational and resi-
dential histories of parents who gave birth to mal-
formed infants were compared with those of parents °'
normal Infants. The two groups did not differ in occu-
pational exposure or closeness of residence to tne
vinyl chloride polymerization plant.
Keywords: "Vinyl chloride, "Congenital abnormalitie*.
"Toxicology, Air pollution, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Exposure, Canada, Epidemiology.
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variation*.
•Foreign technology, 'Birth defect*.
Shawlnigan(Quebec), 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB81-239030 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. .
Environmental Asseasment: Source Test ana
Evaluation Report - Coal Preparation Plant NO. r
Final rept. Mar 79-Feb 81,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Buroff, J. Strauss, A. Jung, and L. McGilvray. Aug 81,
299p EPA-600/7-81-071A
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
The report gives results and conclusions of a source
test and evaluation of a coal preparation plant. The
plant was classified Site Category 1 with a low soil neu-
tralization potential, low pyritic sulfur content coal, hign
area rainfall, and high technology level of cleaning.
The major objective of the program was an environ-
mental assessment of the planfs waste streams and
fugitive emissions. The chemical analysis Indicated
that all streams, except for fugitive particles, contained
constituents which may have a harmful health and/or
ecological effect. For streams which showed potential
for ecological effects, Mn was of concern; for those
which showed a potentially harmful health effect, the
heavy metals Mn and Cr were of prime concern. Con-
trary to previous studies, high NH3 concentration*
were also observed, warranting further Investigation.
Bioassays for all fugitive particulates were negative.
The sedimentation pond waters, the coarse refuse,
and fine refuse slurry solid samples Indcated moderate
biological effects. For leachate, all health-related
bloassaya showed a low or nondetectable effect; how-
ever, the coal and coarse refuse leachate composite
and the pond sediment composite produced a moder-
ate effect on the ecology-related algae test. The as-
sessment identified tailing ponds and associated sedi-
ments as the sources of greatest potential hazard.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Technology, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology, in-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particles, De-
sulfurizatlon, Assessments, Leaching, Sediments,
Sites, Bioaasay, Sampling, Chemical analysis, *Air pol-
lution abatement, Fugitive emissions, Solid wastes.
PB81-239311 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reactions In Overland
Flow of Wastewater. Final rept. Mar 75-Jun 79,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
1144 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Piw £nalld- '•c-R- Holford, M. N. Mixon, and W. H.
S™1*!^. Aug 81,192p EPA-600/2-81 -150
«rantEPA-R-§o36i2
Biochemical transformations of labelled ammonium-ni-
flrvST and nitrate-nitrogen resulting from the overland
""".featment of simulated wastewater are studied in
"man-scale test models. The factors controlling the ni-
m». «n and denitrification a,re discussed and the ulti-
"we fate of the nitrogen species are determined. The
"wcnanisms of phosphorus sorption and desorption
^investigated under both laboratory and overland
: "Sewage treatment, 'Overflows, "Nitrogen,
_rus, Chemical reactions, Nitrification, Sorp-
on, Uesorption, Mathematical models. *Land dispos-
«'. i racer studies, Denitrification, Path of pollutants.
E|J«1-239402 PC A04/MF A01
""uonai Performance Audit Program: 1979 Profl-
S*ncy Surveys for Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dlox-
"JJi.Carbon Monoxide, Sultate, Nitrate, Lead and
ffah Volume Flow,
.!™'ro'jrnental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
SWe Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
ArTl8, '• Bennett, Robert L. Lampe, and John C. Puzak.
*Pf 81,64p EPA-600/4-81 -025
Jjje Quality Assurance Division of the Environmental
Park N "•§- |yste.ms Laboratory, Research Triangle
ni A ' rth Carolina, administers semiannual Surveys
oliHnalytioal Proficiency for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen di-
carbon monoxide, sulfate, nitrate and lead.
le material, simulating ambient air pollution sam-
as closely as possible, are furnished to participat-
iabpratories. Surveys of hi-vol sample flow are con-
wd annually using a modified orifice. The various
•™J>Pte materials are monitored by the Quality Assur-
rjce division to assure that samples are stable, of uni-
^"/Ipornposition and are representative of pollutant
^"peptration levels encountered under field sampling
•taSi "* and tnat aH material* conform to prescribed
juarKJards of accuracy. Sample materials are required
££*similar enough to true air pollution matrices not to
"woduce unrealistic conditions of sample preparation
"impose handling techniques that are not a part of
""enormal monitoring and analytical activity. A major
rjjvey objective is the assessment of routine analyti-
J? Performance. After results are evaluated by the
Jjwirty Assurance Division, an individual report is
gprnptiy returned to each participant. This report con-
•wns a summary of survey results for the year 1979.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. * Gas analysis, Sulfur dioxide,
PWl-239709 PC A02/MF A01
Sjwonmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
HjotolyslB of 3,4-Dlchloroanlllne In Natural
Jwers. Journal article,
Nevada Univ., Reno.
rj?w C. Miller, Richard Zisook, and Richard Q. Zepp.
Cl 981 , 6p EPA-600/J-80-31 3
P103in Jnl' of A9ricultural and Food Chemistry 26, n6
^"jHght irradiation of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) in nat-
{{[« water samples resulted in both direct and sensi-
"~ed photoreactions. A procedure is described for sep-
S""ng the effects of competitive light absorption of
•• water from sensitized processes. Althought the
°v?rally photolysis rates of DCA were slower in the
""Ural waters than in distilled water (depth 6.2 cm),
"" rates in natural waters were faster than expected,
U" the basis of sunlight received by the DCA. Kinetic
results were qualitatively the same when a commercial
nun>fc add solution with similar light absorption char-
acteristics was used. TCA8 (3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroaco-
{•enzene) was produced in two rice-field waters con-
jJninQ .0000061 to .00029 M DCA. The concentration
9* TCAB produced was greater in the more concentrat-
8(1 DCA solutions, although the yields were in no case
gffater than 1% of the reacted DCA. The chemical
j™jd of TCAB was considerably lower In the commer-
<*al numic acid solutions than in the natural water sam-
ples. TCAB was not observed in distilled water. (Copy-
(c) 1 960 by the American Chemical Society.)
chemical reactions, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Aniline/dichloro.
PB81-240012 PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Development of Methodology for Determining
Risk Assessment When Sludge Is Applied to
Land. Final rept. 15 May 78-15 Oct 80,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Peter R. Jutro, and Anil Nerode. Aug 81,193p EPA-
600/1-81-058
Grant EPA-R-805781
This project explored the feasibility of developing a risk
assessment methodology that could be applied to
sludge management decision making. It examined
cadmium, since this substance is one of the best stud-
ied and most extensively reported contaminants. The
methodology developed allows determination of the
proportion of the population experiencing given levels
of exposure to a toxic substance under specified man-
agement strategies. In addition, it provides for the eval-
uation of the damage caused by such exposure. When
both the dosage-response analysis and the exposure
population analysis are joined, the distribution of popu-
lation Into levels of response can be established. Each
requires separate categories data. The first is the
result of controlled experiments and carefully de-
signed epidemiological statistical studies. The second
consists of ongoing data bases on a national scale, in-
cluding both measurements of background levels of
the toxic substance and data on the actual levels at
the various stages of the disposal and dispersal proce-
dures. This report establishes that these data bases
are required. The problems associated with both cate-
gories of data are considered and discussed.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Toxicology, Risk, Feasi-
bility studies, Assessments, Methodology, Exposure,
Management, Dosage, Responses, Epidemiology,
Data bases, 'Health nsks, 'Toxic substances.
PB81-240020
PC A02/MF A01
Keywords: 'Water pollution. 'Photolysis, Samples,
Reaction Kinetics, Concentration(Composltion), Photo-
Heavy Duty Truck Evaporative Emissions Regula-
tions Development: A Progress Report Technical
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John Corcoran. Jul 76,14p EPA-AA-HDV-76-2
Heavy duty gasoline fueled vehicles are not currently
covered by any evaporative hydrocarbon standard,
except in California where they must meet the light
duty standard of 2 grams/test. This is a status report
on the Heavy Duty Truck Evaporative Emissions
Project. The specific goals of this project are as fol-
lows: (1) Develop a preliminary test procedure using
the large enclosure (SHED) at MVEL. (2) Use the pre-
liminary test procedure to get initial estimates of the
magnitude of the evaporative losses from uncontrolled
and controlled heavy duty trucks. (3) Apply these initial
rest results to a revised air quality impact assessment.
(4) Estimate the performance potential of current con-
trol systems through an in-house technology assess-
ment program. (5) Evaluate the alternative compliance
assurance strategies. (6) Develop a complete regula-
tions package including standards, and a finished test
procedure. The areas that will be covered in this report
are: (1) Initial test procedures, (2) Initial test results,
and (3) Procedure development
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Standards, Diurnal variations, Gasoline en-
gines, Hydrocarbons, Heavy duty vehicles, Evapora-
tive emissions.
PB81-240061 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Sampling and Analysis of Potential Qeothermal
Sites. Final rept. Apr 78-Apr 79,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. Sung, G. Houser, D. Strehler, and K. Scheyer. Aug
81,205p" EPA-600/7-81 -138
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
This document contains general information on the
physical, chemical and radiochemical data of geother-
mal manifestations (wells and springs) in areas with
the most probable potential for development Informa-
tion contained in mis document, together with other
existing data, can be used to evaluate control technol-
ogies and to ultimately establish emission/discharge
standards for the emerging geothermal Industry.
Keywords: 'Geothermal prospecting, Geochemistry,
Geophysical prospecting, Sampling, Resource devel-
opment, Geothermal wells, Geothermal energy, Geo-
thermal resources.
PB81-240186 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Potential Environmental Problems of Enhanced
Oil and Qas Recovery Techniques. Final rept,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Ron Beck, Robert Shore, Terry Ann Scriven, and
Melinda Lindquist. Aug 81,297p* EPA-600/2-81 -149
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
This report provides: (a) an Identification of and analy-
sis of available data regarding EOR/EGR related pol-
lutants; (b) an assessment of potential environmental
impacts and an identification of possible controls; and
(c) recommendations as to research needs. The fol-
lowing processes were studied: steam injection, in situ
combustion, carbon dioxide miscible flooding, micel-
lar/polymer flooding, alkaline flooding, improved wa-
terflooding, advanced hydraulic fracturing, chemical
explosive fracturing, and directional drilling. The exist-
ing EOR/EGR environmental impact Information (pub-
lished and unpublished) is critically reviewed and sum-
marized. The effect of EOR/EGR processes on air
quality, groundwater quality, water quantity, noise
levels, and secondary impacts is the main area of anal-
ysis.
Keywords: 'Oil recovery, 'Gas production, 'Environ-
mental impacts, Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise
pollution, 'Resource development, 'Enhanced recov-
ery, Land pollution.
PB81-240319 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Resources and Sulphur Emission Regula-
tions: A Summary of Eight Eastern and Midwest-
ern States. Final rept. Apr 79-Mar 81,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Richard A. Chapman, and Marcella A. Wells. May 81,
112p* EPA-600/7-81-086
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
Prepared by Teknekron Research, Inc., McLean, VA.
The report gives results of an analysis of coal re-
sources, current coal use, and the effectiveness of
SO2 control strategies for use by coal users, regula-
tors, and administrators in future coal-related deci-
sions. The report focuses on the eight major eastern
and midwestem coal-producing states: Alabama, Illi-
nois, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Vir-
ginia, and Indiana. Each state's analysis includes a
general overview of the coal industry, an overview of
coal properties, a description of major coal seams, an
analysis of the quantity of coal available to meet vari-
ous SO2 emission regulations, and information regard-
ing the sulfur content of coals used by utilities In 1979.
The report emphasizes physical coal cleaning and the
use of low-sulfur coal as viable emission control strate-
gies; flue gas desulfurization is discussed to a lesser
extent. Data on coal resources, coal properties and
washability, coal production, and deliveries to utilities
were compiled from several sources and organized
into computer data bases. The Coal Assessment Proc-
essor model was developed to operate on these data
bases to determine the quantity of coal that would be
available in each state to meet various SO2 emission
regulations using one or a combination of alternative
S02 control technologies.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Utilization, Coal preparation, Regulations, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Desulfurization,
State government. Coal handling, Flue gases, Electric
power plants, Forecasting, Fuel consumption, 'Air pol-
lution abatement Energy use, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-240327 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Preliminary Investigation of Ughtduty Diesel
Catalysts. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowskl. Jan 80.56p EPA-460/3-80-002
December 1983 1145
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-2220
Errata sheet inserted.
This report describes the laboratory testing of proto-
type Diesel catalytic converters on a production light-
duty Diesel vehicle. Two manufacturers submitted
catalysts which were retrofitted on the vehicle's ex-
haust system individually. Regulated and several un-
regulated emission rates were determined during the
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel
Economy Test (HFET) for each system. Paniculate
rates and paniculate collection for Ames bioassay was
also determined. In addition to fresh Diesel catalysts,
an aged Diesel catalyst was also evaluated. The emis-
sion rates of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), individual hydrocar-
bons, aldehydes, sulfates, and particulates are report-
ed in grams per kilometer.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Exhaust
emissions, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Aldehydes, Sulfates, Particles, Catalysts,
"Light duty vehicles, "Catalytic reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems), *Diesel engine exhaust.
PB81-240335 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Gasoline
Loading by Refrigeration Systems. Final rept. Dec
80-Apr81,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Diy.
William Battye, Patricia Brown, David Misenheimer,
and Frederick Seufert. Jul 81, 56p EPA-600/7-81 -121
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The report gives results of a study of the capabilities of
.reti.jeration systems, operated at three temperatures,
to control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
from truck loading at bulk gasoline terminals. Achieva-
ble VOC emission rates were calculated for refrigera-
tion systems cooling various gasoline/air mixtures to -
62 C, -73 C, and -84 C by estimating vapor/liquid equi-
librium compositions for VOC/air mixtures. Emission
rates were calculated for inlet streams containing
vapors from low- and high-volatility gasolines at con-
centrations of 15, 30, and 50% by volume (22.5, 45,
and 75% measured as propane). Predicted VOC emis-
sion rates for systems cooling various inlet streams to -
62 C ranged from 48 to 59 mg VOC/liter of gasoline
loaded. Predicted VOC were 21 to 28 mg/l loaded for
systems operating at -73 C and 8.7 to 12 mg/l loaded
for systems operating at -84 C. Compressor electrical
requirements and relative capital costs for systems op-
erating at the above temperatures were estimated for
modersystems using the results of a computer simula-
tion. Compressor electrical requirements ranged from
0.11 to 0.45 Whr/l loaded, depending on the inlet VOC
concentration and the outlet temperature. The capital
cost to build a system designed to cool vapors to -84 C
is estimated to be about 9% higher than for a system
designed to operate at -73 C.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Hydrocarbons,
"Gasoline, "Loading procedures, Refrigerating, Leak-
age, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Concentration(Composition), Operating costs, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, "Volatile organic
compounds.
PB81-240509 PC A04/MF A01
Composting Processes to Stabilize and Disinfect
Municipal Sewage-Sludge. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jul 81,55p EPA/430/9-81 /011, EPA/MCD-79
This Bulletin was written to provide guidance for the
design and operation of sewage sludge composting fa-
cilities. It also will serve as an aid in their effective es-
tablishment and will help alleviate problems that may
arise during everyday normal operation. The guidance
consists pnmarily of recommended operational proce-
dures and performance levels related to the compost-
ing facilities. The performance levels, recommended
within this Bulletin, are flexible to make allowances for
innovation in composting system designs. The recom-
mendations will also assure that adequate sludge sta-
bilization and disinfection (pathogen reduction) are
achieved.
Keywords: "Composts, "Sludge, "Municipalities,
"Water pollution control, Performance evaluation,
Design, Stabilization, Disinfection, "Sewage sludge.
PB81-240798 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Two-Stage Biological Treatment of Coke Plant
Wastewater. Final rept. Jan 78-Feb 80,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
R. Osantowski, A. Geinopolos, James Meverden, and
Joseph Milanowski. Apr81,243p* EPA-600/2-81-052
Contract EPA-68-02-2671
The report documents a pilot-plant study of the use of
advanced waste treatment methods in upgrading met-
allurgical cokemaking wastewaters to Best Available
Technology (BAT) levels. Mobile treatment units, oper-
able at a flow rate of 191/min, were used. Methods
used included two-stage activated sludge treatment
for removal of organic carbon compounds and ammo-
nia; filtration and activated carbon were also studied
as polishing steps. For each treatment studied, sam-
ples (including toxic pollutants) and operational data
were obtained for later use in assessing and compar-
ing treatment adequacy. The study showed that high
levels of organic pollutant removal were achieved in
the 1st stage of biological oxidation. Abnormal operat-
ing conditions in the coke plant wastewater pretreat-
ment system during the testing resulted in ammonia
levels as high as 2000 mg/l, making it necessary to
dilute the 2nd stage feed before nitrification could be
achieved. Ammonia reductions of >97% were
achieved in the 2nd stage. Activated carbon and filtra-
tion effectively removed suspended solids, total organ-
ic carbon, color, and thiocyanate.
Keywords: "Coking, "Water pollution control, Pilot
plants, Activated sludge treatment, Organic com-
pounds, Ammonia, Filtration, Activated carbon treat-
ment, Oxidation, Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment, Best technology.
PB81-240814 PC A02/MF A01
Bacterial Dynamics In a Water Supply Reservoir:
A Case Study. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Edwin E. Geldreich, Harry D. Nash, Donald F. Spino,
and Donald J. Reasoner. Jul 81,12p EPA/600/J-80-
323
Pub. in Research and Technology, v72 n1 Jan 80.
Adequate appraisal of the status of stored water qual-
ity and the detection of subtle ecological changes that
may be occurring requires a microbiological sampling
protocol that is sensitive to the three-dimensional as-
pects of a large body of water.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Water quality, Detection, Sam-
pling, Microorganisms, Reprints.
PB81-240830 PC A02/MF A01
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Influence of Crystallization Habit of Minerals on
•In Vitro' Cytotoxlclty,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Lalita D. Palekar, Charles M. Spooner, and David L.
Coffin. 14 Dec 79,16pEPA-600/J-79-136
Contracts EPA-68-02-2566, EPA-68-02-2771
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
330, p673-6861979.
Four samples of cummingtonite-grunerite series in var-
ious crystallization habits were tested in vitro. The cy-
totoxicity to Chinese hamster ovary cells and hemoly-
sis to sheep erythrocytes was inversely proportional to
the structural faults and surface defects of the miner-
als. At a comparable surface area, asbestiform gruner-
ite (UICC amosite), semi-asbestiform cummingtonite,
acicular cummingtonite, and acicular grunerite were
found to be cytotoxic and hemolytic in a decreasing
order. The influence of particle size on hemolysis and
cytotoxicity was observed with acicular grunerite. Al-
though samples of relatively large particle size were
found 19 be inert, samples of smaller particle size were
cytotoxic as well as hemolytic. No apparent relation-
ship between surface charge and hemolysis as well as
cytotoxicity was observed.
Keywords: "Minerals, "Toxicology, Cells(Biology), He-
molysis, In vitro analysis, Erythrocytes, Reprints, 'Cy-
totoxicity.
PB81-240848 PC A02/MF A01
The Occurrence of Microorganisms In Water Main
Encrustations. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Martin J. Allen, Raymond H. Taylor, and Edwin E.
Geldreich. Jul 81,14p EPA/600/J-80-322
Pub. in Research and Technology, Nov 80.
Colonization of microorganisms and resultant high
bacterial populations often occur on or within protec-
tive encrustations or tubercules inside a distribution
system. Formation of these encrustations is affected
by a variety of physical, chemical, and biological activi-
ties within the pipes, which can be examined in situ by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM photo-
graphs demonstrate graphically the survival of micro-
organisms in the distribution system and their possible
role in tubercle formation.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, 'Water pipelines, Occur-
rence, Pipelines, Water pollution, Electron microscopy,
Reprints.
PB81-240863 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of the Blocldal Efficiency of Alterna-
tive Disinfectants. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
John C. Hoff, and Edwin E. Geldreich. Aug 81,6p EPA-
600/J-81-309
Pub. in Research and Technology, Jan 81.
Of the current potential alternatives to free residual
chlorine for drinking water disinfection (ozone, chlorine
dioxide, and chloroamines), ozone is the most potent
biocide. Chlorine dioxide is about on a par with hypo-
chlorous acid, but in contrast to free residual chloride,
its efficiency increases substantially as pH increases in
the range at which disinfection is usually applied.
Chlorammes are weaker biocides than hypochlonte
ion, the least efficient form of free residual chlorine.
Precise quantitative ranking of biocidal efficiencies is
not possible because efficiencies differ with different
microorganisms and experimental conditions. Labora-
tory studies are not always directly applicable to disin-
fectant use in the field.
Keywords: 'Biocides, "Disinfectants, Ozone, Compari-
son, Efficiency, Potable water, Reprints, Drinking
water, Chlorine oxide(CIO2), Chloroamines.
PB81-240871 PC A02/MF A01
Aclnatobacter Spp.: Distinct Morphology on Eosln
Methylene Blue Agar as an Aid to Identification In
Drinking Water. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D. F. Spino, and E. E. Geldreich. Aug 81,4p EPA-600/
J-81-308
Pub.in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v41
n4p1063-1064Apr81.
'Acinetobacter calcoaceticus', frequently found in
drinking waters and implicated in nosocomial infec-
tions, was presumptively identified by its tiny, blue co-
lonial appearance on Levine eosin methylene blue
agar. All of the 33 isolates from drinking water showing
this distinctive colonial appearance were identified as
A. calcoaceticus.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Bacteria, Infectious dis-
eases. Morphology, Water pollution, Reprints, "Acine-
tobacter calcoaceticus, Drinking water, Pathogens.
PB81-241481 PC A03/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Selection Methods: An Annotated Bibli-
ography. Toxics integration information series (Final),
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Judy Hoffman, John N. Gevertz, Elaine Bild, and
Douglas W. Sellers. Nov 80,33p* EPA-560/TIIS-80-
001
Contract EPA-68-01 -6021
See also PB81 -176422.
Regulatory agencies charged with control of toxic
chemicals have examined and are examining various
methods to select chemicals of concern from the uni-
verse of chemical substances. Chemical selection
refers to such activities as priority setting, ranking, In-
1146 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
flexing, and sorting. These efforts have included the
development of various systematic selection methods
such as scoring systems. This annotated bibliography
is intended to provide interested individuals with a vari-
ety of methods for chemical selection.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, 'Bibliographies,
Pesticides, Water pollution, Air pollution, Radioactive
contaminants, Abstracts, 'Toxic substances, Toxic In-
tegration Information Series, Listings, Solid wastes.
PB81-241655 PC A09/MF A01
Regional OH and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan: Region 5 Inland,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
George H. Madany. May 81.186p
See also PB-257 640.
This plan, including the annexes, provides for a pattern
of coordinated and integrated response by depart-
ments and agencies of the federal government to pro-
tect the environment from the damaging effects of pol-
lution discharges. It promotes the coordination and di-
rection of federal, state, and local response systems
and encourages the development of local government
and private capabilities to handle discharges.
Keywords: *Oil pollution, 'Hazardous materials,
Water pollution control, National government, State
government, Local government, Regulations, Regional
flanning, Law enforcement, Legislation, Oil spills,
Hazardous materials transportation, Contingency
Planning, Transportation safety.
PB81-241986 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
emission Control Technology Div.
jMvelopment of Adjustment Factors for On-Road
ruel Economy. Final rept,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Robert Crawford, Peter Forshay, and Robert Dulla.
Mar81, 219p EPA-460/3-81-003
Contract EPA-68-03-2888
The purpose of this analysis has been to evaluate and
quantify the differences between EPA test-measured
and actual on-road fuel economy. It is expected that
the methodology and the adjustment factors devel-
oped in this analysis will form the basis for a labeling
system that, in future model years, will discount the
EPA test measurements of new cars to estimate on-
foad fuel economy. Because new cars employ a grow-
ing percentage of fuel efficient technologies having
distinctly lower levels of shortfall than traditional ones,
this analysis has carefully evaluated and, to the extent
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
terns and methods used In the United States of Amer-
ica.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Data acquisition, Informa-
tion retrieval, Management planning, Data retrieval,
Assessments, Mathematical models, *Alr pollution
abatement, 'Emission Inventories, NATO furnished,
Emission factors.
PB81-242406 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
State Integrated Toxics Management: Fact and
Challenge. Toxic Integration Policy series.
National Governor's Association, Washington, DC.
Jul 81.324p EPA-560/TIPS-81-001
Grant EPA-R-807966-01 -0
Integration (EPA/OTI) is interested In substantially
strengthening federal-state cooperative mechanisms
for the control and management of toxic substances.
Designing a framework for federal-state cooperation
and coordination depends heavily upon states' per-
spectives on their needs and potential roles. In coop-
eration with EPA/OTI the National Governors' Asso-
ciation's Center for Policy Research undertook a three
month review of state perspectives on overall hazard-
ous materials management, focusing on toxic sub-
stances, to support the development of this federal-
state cooperative strategy. NGA stresses the wide
range of state accomplishments In this area. The
report divides states Into three groups along a set of
qualities indicating their organization for toxics man-
agement and the sophistication of their approach. Dif-
ferent relationships with the Federal government, and
different requirements for support, are Indicated for
each group. In general, the sophisticated states need
program flexibility, those moderately involved need
technical assistance, and the least advanced need in-
formation about the seriousness of the problem and
workable models of Improved systems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Toxicology, State
government, National government, Cooperation, Co-
ordination, Management, Legislation, Projects, 'Toxic
substances, 'Intergovernmental relationships, Pro-
grams.
PC AOS/MF A01
ncy, Washington, DC.
>ment.
PB81-242497
Research Highlights, 1980.
Environmental Protection A
Office of Research and Devel
Jun 81,82p* EPA-600/9-81-026
Color Illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This document describes accomplishments made by
the Office of Research and Development In 1980. ft
also Illustrates how the Office of Research and Devel-
opment's research helps people-helps to keep them
healthy and to be more productive. Research areas
covered in this year's Highlights Include: environmen-
tal emergencies, hazardous waste disposal, stand-
ards, air pollution, waste-water, energy, oil and gas
from coal, health effects, modeling, new technology,
and integrated management.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Regulations,
Hazardous materials, Standards, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Public health, Mathematical models, Tech-
nology.
PB81-242513 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot-Scale Development of a Low-NOx Coal-Fired
Tangential System. Final rept. Sep 78-Feb 81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. T. Kelly, R. A. Brown, E. K. Chu, J. B. Wightman, and
R. L Pam. Aug 81,239p* EPA-800/7-81-137,, IERL-
RTP-1233
Contract EPA-68-02-1885
A 293 kWt (1 million Btu/hr) pilot-scale facility was
used to develop a low-NOx pulverized-coal-fired tan-
gential system. Conventional tangential system burner
and vortex characterization tests defined the major
system design requirements for a low-NOx system.
Given these requirements, a burner concept was de-
veloped which achieves low NOx by directing the fuel
and a fraction of the secondary combustion air into the
center of the furnace, with the remaining secondary
combustion air directed horizontally and parallel to the
furnance walls. Such separation of secondary com-
bustion air creates a fuel-rich zone in the center of the
furnace where NOx production is minimized. This com-
bustion modification technique has lowered NOx 64%,
relative to conventional tangential firing, by injecting
85% of the secondary air along the furnace walls.
Under these conditions, NO emissions were 180 ppm
corrected to 0% 02. Also at these conditions, CO,
UHC, and unburned carbon emissions were less than
40 ppm, 3 ppm, and 2.4%, respectively, comparable to
conventional tangentially fired pilot-scale results. Also,
the modification places a blanket of air on the furnace
walls which reduces wall corrosion and slagging. With
the modification, 02 concentrations above the burner
level (near the furnace wall) were 12%, nearly three
times conventional tangential pilot-scale system wall
oxygen concentrations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Burners, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Furnaces, Technology, Electric power plants, Coal
fired power plants, Stationary sources.
PB81-242S39 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Analysis of Human Activity Profiles: User's
Manual. Final rept,
Wyle Research, El Segundo, CA.
Marilyn Auerbach, and Richard Peterson. Jul 80,
154p*WR-79-39
Contract EPA-68-01 -4922
The Human Activities Profile is composed of two
human activity bases which identify the respondents'
and their spouses' use of time in terms of their se-
quence of activities throughout the day, including each
activity duration, location, and presence of human
company, and background Information on each re-
spondent. In its entirety, the combined data base rep-
resents human activities for over 3500 individuals cov-
ering a sample of over 8000 person-days of activities.
The data base for human activities has been stored in
a computer. The computer program developed in the
study allows six main types of analyses to be per-
formed on any selected sample of respondents from
these two data bases, and also provides a systematic
means of integrating this unique data base on human
activity so that it will be available for any additional
analysis not covered in the study. The six types of
analyses or output modules which can be performed
on any specified sample to produce the desired tables
are: (1) correlation of activity and location for any spec-
ified company situation; (2) analysis of time duration of
activity for any specified location and company; (3)
analysis of time duration with location for any specified
activity and company; (4) analysis of time sequence
and activity (time profile) for any specified location and
company; (5) investigation of the relationship between
primary and secondary activities for any specified loca-
tion and company; and (6) analysis of activity se-
quence for any specified location and company.
Keywords: 'Human factors engineering, 'Time stud-
ies, Human behavior, Computer programming, Group
dynamics.
PB81 -242604 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Polyethylene Encapsulates for Hazardous Wast*
Drums. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc., Hawthorne,
CA.
S. L. Unger, H. R. Lubowltz, R. W. Telles, and C. C.
Wiles. Aug 81,4p EPA-600/J-81-301
Contract EPA-68-03-2993
This capsule report summarizes studies of the use of
polyethylene (P.E.) for encapsulating drums of hazard-
ous wastes. Flat PE sheet is welded to roto moded PE
containers which forms the encapsulates. Plastic pipe
welding art was used, but the prototype welding appa-
ratus required construction, welded seams were In-
spected by optical microscopy and found to be contin-
uous and void-free.
Keywords: 'Polyethylene, 'Encapsulating, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Reprints.
PB81-242950 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnau,
OH
Pipeline Landfalls: A Handbook of Impact Man-
agement Techniques, ..
New England River Basins Commission, Boston, M"-
Ann W. Gowen, and Michael J. Goetz. Apr 81 , 210p
See also rept. dated Aug-Dec 78, PB80-1 65848. Spon-
sored in part by the Municipal Environmental Researcn
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
This project was undertaken to provide detailed infor-
mation on the environmental impacts associated wwj
outer continental shelf (OCS) pipelines. The report »
designed to be used by scientists or engineers in-
volved in offshore petroleum pipeline planning, Vr\,,
line corridors, and pipeline landfalls. Major technicw
and environmental constraints discussed 'ncllK;5
physical, geological, and biological characteristics 01
suggested sites. Factors influencing site selectwni
such as coastal topography adjacent to offshore de-
velopment areas, economics, existing onshore infra-
structure, and state and local coastal policy are also
presented. Emphasis is placed on the site, high-US'"'
ing site specific methods of installation and restora-
tion.
Keywords: 'Pipeline transportation, 'Underwater pipe-
lines, 'Technology assessment, Regulations, Marine
terminals, Gas pipelines, Petroleum pipelines, Site sur-
veys, Route surveys, Environmental impacts, Uniteo
States, North Sea, 'Landfalls, 'Outer continent*
shelf.
PB81-243008 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D°-
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Manual for Development of Format for the Pr***
•ntatlon of Community Noise Assessment Data,
Wyle Labs., El Segundo, CA.
Marilyn Auerbach, and Katharina R. Geissler. Jul 81,
105p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4909
The manual provides a comprehensive and computer-
ized system for assessing the noise problems of •
community and then planning a noise control strategy
for its abatement. The purpose of this manual is to pro-
the data generated by the Community Noise Assess-
ment Manual. In this way effective communication °'
noise data to elected officials, administrators and other
community personnel will be facilitated.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Environ-
mental surveys, Noise reduction, Surveys, Sociopsy-
chological surveys, Noise sources, Noise levels.
PB81-243016 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Simplified Noise Strategy Manual,
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Mones E. Hawley. Jul 81,98p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4944
This manual's objectives are the same as those de-
scribed in the 'Strategy Guidelines for Developing a
Community Noise Control Program.' It provides how-
ever a simplified and manual system for planning the
noise control strategy for abating a community's noise
problems. It assists communities in determining, in an
objective manner, the efficient allocation of funds for
reducing the adverse effects of noise in their communi-
ty. By following a step-by-step written procedure, a
noise planner can be assisted in selecting the most
cost-effective noise abatement measures and the
amount of money which should be spent on each. The
primary criterion for optimization is based on economic
and acoustical data gathered In the community.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Noise re-
duction, Specifications, Cost effectiveness, Building
codes, Environmental surveys, Noise sources, Noise
levels.
PB81-243024 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
1148 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PreSS ^ NolM *»»«»*m*nt Manual: Computer
"oorarna for the Strategy Guidelines for D*v*l-
\f Community No)** Control Program,
h, El Segundo, CA.
nn.Ju!81,2
Pottl.L. t7 *? ' tal «wyui iuu, ^
gmpk K. Glenn. Jul 81,263p*
Contract EPA-68-01-3921
"•oraons of this document are not fully legible.
rwuired°f™pr0vl!Jes S c?J?y of the computer j
onTn™ Aor running the 'Strategy Guidelines i ,-,
a£ma a Commun|ty Noise Control Program.' The pro-
sou»i i Deen Wrlt1en for a UNIVAC 1108. The
*nn,S 'anguege used la Fortran 4. A listing of the
wurce programs are Included In the report.
i: *Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Envlron-
surveys, Noise reduction, Cost effectiveness,
'er Programming, Fortran, User needs, Noise
FnrtrV '* NO|ZOP computer program, Nolae levels,
putera pr°9ramrn|ng language, UNIVAC 1108 com-
PB81.243131 PCA21/MFA01
Ol2h°**i Wa«*w*t«r Treatment Facilities,
(plnal) "***• Environmental impact statement
Environm»n»a| protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
are
ornas F. Lorenz. Mar 81, 480p EPA-907/9-81-002A
not *«? p,B81-243l49.Portlons of this document ar
"M fully legible.
u«Lf 'If E nvlronmental Impact Statement (EIS) eval-
MrT J 'alternatives for wastewater treatment for that
Bfl«i ofD°latrie, Kansas that Is In the Cedar Creek
t«ru Based on a comparative analysis of both mone-
m2L?nd "^monetary impact of the alternatives, Envi-
aito?e']Jal Protection Agency has Identified a preferred
ofsiSJSX? Proleot' The preferred alternative consists
0 wastewater treatment plant with a gravity in-
1 one maJ°r lift station, a force main and at-
— ..... equalization basins. The gravity intercep-
'* generally aligned with Little Cedar Creek. The
«ne major lift station would pump around the east side
°' Ernie Miller Park. The facilities proposed for the
ypper Cedar Creek Basin were not included in the final
draft Els' alternative- Tne final EIS is a 00PV of the
j^S^ords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
jnpact statements-final, Kansas, Construction, Gravi-
B, Pumping, Sewers, Cedar Creek, Little Cedar
•Olath&Lake, Environmental impacts, Pollution,
,
r3l°.nd water, Land use, Taxes, 'Sewage treatment
P'ants, Olathe(Kansas), Alternative planning.
«1-243149 PC A06/MF A01
d Wastewater Treatment Facilities,
Kansas. Appendix. Draft environmental
statement (Final),
Reair°nmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Jhomas F. Lorenz. Mar 81,115pEPA-907/9-81-002B
'•ee also PB81-243131 andPB81-210065.
Jjje Final Environmental Impact Statement Appendix
contains the transcript of the public hearing held on
August 28,1980.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
statements-final, Kansas, Construction, Pro-
, Lifts, Pumping, Sewers, Cedar Creek, Little
Creek, Public opinion, Olathe Lake, Envlron-
l Impacts, Pollution, Ground water, Land use,
,'axes. 'Sewage treatment plants, Olathe(Kansas), Al-
FW1-243166 PC A23/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
TocMdlngK Symposium on Flu* Qaa Desulfurl-
»«on, Houston, October 1980. Volume 1,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Aver. Apr 81,548p* EPA-600/9-81-019A
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also Volume 2, PB81-243164, and report dated
Mar79,PB80-133168.
The two-volume proceedings document presentations
at EPA's Sixth Symposium on Rue Gas Desulfurlzatlon
(FQD), October 28-31,1980, in Houston, Texas. Pres-
entations covered such subjects as approaches for
control of acid rain, the Nation's energy future, eco-
nomics of FGD, legislative/regulatory developments,
FGD research/development trends, FGD system op-
erating experience, FGD byproduct disposal/utiliza-
tion, developments In dry FGD, and Industrial boiler ap-
plications.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Meetings, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Flue gases, Economic analysis,
Regulations, Trends, Electric power plants, Sulfur di-
oxide, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Dual
alkali scrubbing, Limestone scrubbing, Precipitation
washout, Flue gas desulfurizatlon, Scrubbing.
PB81-243164 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flu* Oat Desulfurl-
zatlon, Houston, October 1980. Volum* 2,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Aver. Apr 81,551 p* EPA-600/9-81-019B
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also Volume 1, PB81 -243156.
The two-volume proceedings document presentations
at EPA's Sixth Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurlzation
(FGD), October 28-31,1980, in Houston, Texas. Pres-
entations covered such subjects as approaches for
control of acid rain, the Nation's energy future, eco-
nomics of FGD, legislative/regulatory developments,
FGD research/development trends, FGD system op-
erating experience, FGD byproduct disposal/utiliza-
tion, developments in dry FGD, and industrial boiler ap-
plications.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Meetings, Flue gases, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, By products,
Sludge disposal, Monitoring, Solid waste disposal,
Sulfur dioxide, Regulations, Design criteria, Texas,
Technology, Boilers, Standards, Performance evalua-
tion, Nitrogen oxides, *Houston(Texas), Precipitation
washout, Scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-243172 PC A04/MF A01
Engine Horsepower Modeling for Diesel Engines.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Chester J. France. Oct 76, 74p EPA-AA-HDV-76-03
The EPA is conducting a cycle development project for
heavy duty engines. Ultimately the project will produce
dynamometer cycles. The data being used in the cycle
development data analyses are the data collected in
the CAPE-21 survey. Forty-four trucks and three buses
were surveyed in Los Angeles, and forty-four trucks
and four buses were surveyed in New York City. For
the trucks surveyed, speed (MPH), engine rpm, road
and traffic descriptions, and an engine load parameter
(rail pressure for Cummins diesel engines, rack posi-
tion for Detroit Diesel Allison (DDA) diesel engines,
throttle position for caterpillar diesel engines, and
manifold vacuum for gasoline engines) were recorded
at approximately one second intervals. For cycle de-
velopment, it is desirable to have the load (power) pa-
rameter in terms of % engine HP. The purpose of this
report is to summarize the analyses, subsequent re-
sults, and conclusions in developing a normalized
horsepower model for diesel engines.
Keywords: 'Trucks, *Buses(Vehicles), 'Diesel en-
gines, Performance evaluation, Velocity measurement,
Data acquisition, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Heavy duty
engines, Horsepower.
PB81-243180 PC A05/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide and Non-FTP (Federal T**t Pro-
cedures) Ambient Temperature. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert I. Bruetsch. Feb 81,90p EPA/AA/CTAB/TA/
81-7
The objectives of this report were to summarize the
available information regarding motor vehicle emis-
sions under non-FTP temperature conditions, Investi-
gate ambient air quality data to determine the extent to
which CO emissions must be reduced to achieve ambi-
ent air quality standards, evaluate vehicle teat data
under non-FTP temperature conditions, estimate the
difference between in-use vehicle emission levels and
certification laboratory emission levels, and make con-
clusions and recommendations based on these objec-
tives to provide a baseline from which to consider the
need for development of regulations or guidelines for
motor vehicle operation under non-FTP temperature
conditions and future testing procedure revisions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Carbon
monoxide, Air pollution, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, Motor vehlcles(1975
models), Motor vehlcles(l976 models), Motor vehi-
cles^ 977 models).
PB81-243495 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Research Outlook, 1981,
Delamer, Inc., Cupertino, CA.
Ellssa Feldman. Dec 80,195p* EPA-600/9-80-061
Contract EPA-68-02-3644
See also report dated 1980, PB81-145765.
Research Outlook 1981 Is the sixth in a series of EPA
annual reports mandated by Congress. It describes the
research currently performed and the program that la
expected to be Implemented over the next five years.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Environmental surveys, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Potable water, Pesticides,
Radioactive contaminants, Noise pollution, Hazardous
materials, Management planning.
PB81-243603 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Identifying Potential Asbestos Exposures In
School*: The Montgomery County Exp*rl*nc*,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Terry L. Wright, and Everett E. Logue. Sep 80,61 p
EPA/560/13-80-039
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report summarizes the experience of the Mont-
gomery County Combined General Health District in
their asbestos-in-schools control program. A survey of
all schools within the District's jurisdiction was com-
pleted. Bulk samples of friable materials were collect-
ed and analyzed for their asbestos content, and as-
bestos exposure scores were obtained for those areas
where asbestos was present. Recommendations for
appropriate abatement procedures were made based
upon exposure scores, and the values of score com-
ponents.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Environment surveys, Ohio,
Exposure, Schools, Public health, Air pollution, Inspec-
tion, Sampling, Assessments, 'Montgomery
County(Ohio), 'Air pollution control, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Air sampling.
PB81-243586 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos-Containing Material* In School Build-
ing*: Guidance for Asbestos Analytical Program*,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Lucas, T. Hartwell, and A. V. Rao. Dec 80,106p
EPA-560/13-80-017A
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
This document Is one In a series prepared in support of
the EPA Asbestos-ln-Schools Program. It was devel-
oped to provide guidance to local school officials and
their staffs in determining the presence or absence of
asbestos In school buildings. Data and information
generated during the EPA Technical Assistance Pro-
gram have been used to design a rigorous sampling
and analysis scheme for bulk materials. Implementa-
tion of the enclosed sampling protocol will reliably doc-
ument the presence or absence of asbestos In the bulk
materials and provide an Interval estimate of the as-
bestos content.
Keywords: 'School buildings, 'Asbestos, Sampling,
Materials tests, X ray diffraction, Quantitative analysis,
Quality assurance, Air pollution.
PB81-243826 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
December 1983 1149
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparison of Various Methods for Predicting
the Loudness and Acceptability of Noise. Final
rept,
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA.
B. Scharf, R. Hellman, and J. Bauer. Aug 77,148p
EPA-550/9-77-101
Contract EPA-68-01-4223
The objective of the investigation was to compare
commonly employed frequency weightings and calcu-
lation rating schemes with respect to their ability to
predict the subjective effect of sound. The report pre-
sents the results of a detailed examination of 23 stud-
ies in which listenersjudged either the loudnesa or ac-
ceptability of sound. These studies Included data avail-
able from both the laboratory and the field, and en-
compassed a wide variety of natural and simulated
noise stimuli. The following parameters were exam-
ined: (1) subjective attribute judged, (2) type of noise,
(3) presence or absence of tonal components, (4)
mode of sound presentation, and (5) effect of sound
pressure level on observed discrepancies between
measurements and predictions.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Acoustic measurement,
Loudness, Acceptability, Sound pressure, Statistical
analysis, Auditory perception, Noise reduction, Human
factors.
PB81-244030
PC A04/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Baseline Program and NOx
Emission Standard Development (1972-73). Tech-
nical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Timothy Cox, Zachary Diatchun, Thomas Nugent,
Glenn Passavant, and Larry Ragsdale. Mar 81,69p
EPA-AA-SDSB-81-01
The Environmental Protection Agency was mandated
by the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments to determine
the statutory NOx emission standard for 1985 heavy-
duty engines. The standard was to be based on a 75
percent reduction from the average measured emis-
sions for uncontrolled (1972-73 model year) gasoline-
fueled heavy-duty engines. To establish the amount of
NOx emissions from The uncontrolled heavy-duty gas-
oline-fueled engines, ECTD began a baseline testing
program. This program consisted of four sections: (1)
engine procurement, (2) restorative maintenance, (3)
testing the engine emission levels using the transient
test procedure, and (4) determination of the average
measured emissions. Twenty-six engines were tested
with 73 valid tests to obtain the average NOx emis-
sions. Based on the results of these emission tests,
the average NOx emission level is 6.8 g/BHP-hr. The
CAAA of 1977 calls for a 75 percent reduction in NOx
emissions as the statutory emission standard; comply-
ing with this requirement the 75 percent reduction pre-
scribed yields a heavy-duty engine NOx emission
standard of 1.7 g/BHP-hr.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Stand-
ards, Exhaust emissions, Gasoline engines, Regula-
tions, Heavy duty vehicles, Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1977.
PB81-244048 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Diesel Emissions as a Func-
tion of Fuel Variables. Final rept. Sep 79-Mar 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowski. Apr 81,288p EPA/460/3-81 -015
Contract EPA-68-03-2707
Several properties of a refinery 'straight-run kerosene',
which had a narrow boiling range approximating the
middle of a No. 1 dlesel flier were altered to study their
effects on regulated and unregulated exhaust emis-
sions. Eleven fuel blends, representing changes in nl-
•trogen content, aromatic level, boiling point distribu-
tion, olefln content, and cetane number, were evaluat-
ed in a 1975 Mercedes-Benz 240D. Statistical analy-
sis, including regression, was performed using select-
ed fuel properties as Independent variables. Higher ar-
omatic levels were generally associated with in-
creased emissions, while increased olefln levels were
generally associated with decreased emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Diesel fuels, 'Air pol-
lution, Blends, Particles, Smoke, Statistical analysis,
Hydrocarbons, 'Diesel engine exhaust.
PB81-244089 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Gastell: A Device to Modify Driving
Habits,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Feb 81,50p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -
13
In general, the EPA testing of the Gastell Device did
not show a positive benefit from its use. None of the
Phase I chassis Dynamometer tests with the device In-
stalled showed a positive fuel economy effect. Four
vehicles of varying size and power-to-weight ratio were
road tested in San Antonio (with from one to two driv-
ers each) and only one vehicle/driver combination
showed a fuel economy improvement (5%). It Is con-
cluded from the test data available that only drivers
with aggressive driving behavior (or other driving
habits that Involve excessive throttle manipulation)
could benefit from use of this device and then only if:
(1) their vehicle happended to have the fuel economy
response characteristics that favorably matched the
activation setting of the device, and (2) the driver con-
sistently responded to the device signal and refrained
from such aggressive driving.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Throt-
tling, Performance evaluation Acceleration(Physlcs),
Gastell devices, Driving habits.
PB81-244097 PC A10/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7). Supple-
ment 9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul79,203p
See also report dated Mar 79, PB-295 614.
In this Supplement for Compilation of Air Pollution
Emission Factors, AP-42, revised and updated emis-
sions data are presented for waste oil disposal; trans-
portation and marketing of petroleum liquids; cutback
asphalt, emulsified asphalt and asphalt cement; sol-
vent decreasing; synthetic ammonia; carbon black;
lead alkyl; bread baking; urea; beef cattle feedlots; de-
foliation and harvesting of cotton; primary copper
smelting; secondary copper smelting and alloying;
storage battery production; lead oxide and pigment
production; miscellaneous lead products; leadbearing
ore crushing and grinding; concrete batching; and
woodworking operations. There is also an updated
NEDS Source Classification Code listing, and a Table
of Lead Emission Factors Is included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Wastes, Oils, Petroleum products, As-
phalts, Ammonia, Degreasing, Solvents, Carbon black,
Lead(Metal), Smelting, Cotton plants, Storage batter-
ies, Concretes, Woodworking, Lead ores, Beef cattle,
'Emission factors, Fugitive emissions, Stationary
sources.
PB81-244162 PC A02/MF A01
Emission and Fuel Economy of FUEL-MAX, a Ret-
rofit Device. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
F. Peter Hutchlns, and John T. White. May 81,13p
EPA-AA-TEB-81-15
This report describes the results of testing the 'FUEL-
MAX* device as part of an evaluation under Section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act. The FUEL-MAX is an air-bleed device which re-
places a vehicle's Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
valve. The amount of air bled into the intake manifold
Is determined by the vacuum signal which once con-
trolled the action of the EGR valve. This device is
claimed to conserve fuel. The primary purpose of this
project was to evaluate the effect of the FUEL-MAX on
exhaust emissions and fuel economy. Testing of three
typical 1979 model year passenger cars was conduct-
ed during March, 1981. The basic test sequence in-
cluded the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the
Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET). These tests
were performed both before and after installation of
the FUEL-MAX. As a result of the testing, average hy-
drocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions decreased
somewhat while oxides of nitrogen displayed substan-
tial Increases. Fuel economy was found to Increase
approximately three percent on the FTP but exhibited
no change over the HFET. The occurrence of engine
knock was obvious on two of three vehicles. EPA's
Office of Enforcement has determined that the FUEL-
MAX can violate the anti-tampering provisions 01 me
Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, *p"
haust emissions, Performance evaluation, Air po luwn
control equipment, Exhaust gases, Fuel-Max devices.
PB81-244188 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water Year
1980, Volume 1: Great Basin and Snake River
Basin above King Hill. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1
Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Boise, ID. Water Resources Dw.
Jun 81,384p USGS/WRD/HD-80/052, USGS-WRD-
ID-80-1
See also PB81 -244196 and PB81 -120909 V1.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Idaho
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality or
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of ground water. This report in two volumes con-
tains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; stage
only records for 2 gaging stations; stage only for 11
lakes and reservoirs; contents only for 16 lakes ana
reservoirs; water quality for 85 gaging stations, 43 par-
tial-record stations, 196 wells, and 5 precipitation sites,
and water levels for 366 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Idaho,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Great Basin, Snake River, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-244196 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water Year
1980, Volume 2; Upper Columbia River Basin and
Snake River Basin below King Hill. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Boise, ID. Water Resources Div.;
Jun 81,393p USGS/WRD/HD/80-053, USGS-WRD-
ID-80-2 I
See also PB81 -244188. . • >
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Idaho
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents, and water quality ot
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quar
ity of around water. This report in two ViOJuaMAiW*
tains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; stage
only records for 2 gaging stations; stage only for 11
lakes and reservoirs; contents only for 16 lakes ana
reservoirs; water quality for 85 gaging stations, 43 par-
tial-record stations, 196 wells, and 5 precipitation sites,
and water levels for 366 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Idaho,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Columbia River, Snake River, 'Water quality data, *Hy-
drologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB81-244295 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Community Noise Attltudlnal Survey Guidelines.
Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Inst. for Survey Re-
search.
Jul81,147p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3840
The report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise
Abatement and Control, in support of its function to
provide technical assistance to communities. It is one
of nine which comprises the Community Noise As-
sessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehen-
sive and computerized system tor assessing the noise
problems of a community and then planning a noise
control strategy for Its abatement. This report provides
a procedure for implementing a survey of people's atti-
tudes toward noise. An attitudinal questionnaire to be
administered to city residents is provided. The survey
technique to be employed is telephone interviewing.
Also, provided are the procedures for using a probabili-
ty sampling technique to estimate the characteristics
of the population. A method for analyzing the collected
data is discussed.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Urban areas, Attitude
surveys, Problem solving, Sampling.
1150 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SS1"244362 PC A1 1 /MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
community Noise Assessment Manual: Strategy
uuloellnM for Developing a Community Noise
control Program.
Bl
Contract EPA-68-01-3921
IK8 report assists communities in determining, In an
~PC*« manner, the efficient allocation of funds for
jeaucing the adverse effects of noise in their communi-
jy- oince the number of possible combinations of noise
•ources and corresponding countermeasures to
hSr? tnelr impact can be quite large, a computer-
ised approach is therefore used to develop optimum
scenarios for noise control expenditures. This manual
jraiizes an optimization computer model, which selects
«n!i 208t oost-efectlve noise abatement measures
r™"!8. amount of money which should be spent on
"faon. The primary criterion for optimization Is based on
JOnomic and acoustical data gathered in the commu-
'Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Environ-
mental surveys, Soclopsychological surveys, Attitude
Jfveys, Questionnaires. Noise reduction, Cost effec-
"veness, Computer programs, Noise sources, VESTA
computer program, Noise levels.
£881-244360 PC A24/MF A01
Sjyironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
gnee of Noise Abatement and Control.
Community Noise Assessment Manual: Social
Workbook.
p-"—w. t.PA-68-01-4694
L™Pared In cooperation with California Univ., Los An-
Wes. Inst. for Social Science Research.
Jhta report Is a workbook which provides specific in-
••ructions for the design and administration of a social
•urvey of community attitudes toward noise. There are
J*o separately bound volumes to the workbook. The
"TO provides detailed Instructions for survey design
•no: management. The second volume is a set of ap-
pendices providing forms and special handbooks for
jwminlstering the survey. The major areas of the work-
jjjok are: an attitudlnal questionnaire, sample selec-
rpn procedures, data processing procedures and
fcohniquesfor analyzing the data.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Environ-
jnantal surveys, Sociopsychological surveys, Attitude
*«veys, Personnel selection, Questionnaires, Noise
jeoxiction, Computer programming, Noise sources,
Notes levels.
£B81-244436 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Research Ub., Duluth. MN.
Influence of Diet and Starvation on Toxicity of
Endrln to Fathead Minnows (Plmephales prome-
«»).
Goeteborg Univ. (Sweden).
Goran Dave. Aug 81,95p EPA/600/3-81 -048
Grant EPA-R-806860
Endrin toxlcity to fathead minnows, Pimephales pro-
Jelas, was determined In flow-through toxlcity tests at
«5 C for periods of up to 30 days. Three months prior
to endrin exposure six groups of fish were fed artificial
™ets containing an increasing percentage of fat, and
wo groups were fed either a high or low ration of
frozen brine shrimp. Fish fed frozen brine shrimp
wowed better growth, survival and fewer deformities
(hemorrhagic kidney lesions and lordosis) than fish fed
artificial diets. Based on 96-hr LC50 values, fish fed
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB81-244790 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Testing of the Soviet OII/Debrla
Skimmer. Final rept..
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
H. W. Llchte. Aug 81,42p* EPA-600/2-81-154
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Performance evaluation of a Soviet oil skimmer was
conducted at the United States Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's OH and Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank In 1979. The skimmer was
provided by the Black Sea Central Planning and De-
signing Bureau, Odessa. The test program was de-
signed at OHMSETT to evaluate the oil skimming ca-
pability of a specially modified Soviet skimmer, Model
2550/4. The self-propelled vessel Is 17.7 meters long
and weighs 39 metric tons. The 111 kilowatt dlesel
engine drives a ducted propeller water jet propulsion
system. The vessel Is capable of five knots forward
speed and skims effectively at speeds from zero to two
knots. The unique combination of various weir designs
Into one system, vessel mobility, the efficient use of
energy, a series type oil/water gravity separator, and
the propulsion techniques all suggest It to be an effec-
tive harbor skimmer. The oil recovery rate of 12.4 cubic
meters per hour was confirmed using OHMSETT
heavy test oil (1.5 pascal seconds and 0.95 specific
gravity) In calm water conditions. Recovery efficiency
was 85 percent at 1.5 knots forward speed and
throughput efficiency was 90 percent at one knot for-
ward speed. Performance dropped for skimming light
oils at faster speeds and higher wave conditions. The
skimmer collected 64 percent of the 81.3 cubic meters
oil volume encountered during the test program.
Keywords: "Skimmers, *0il pollution, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, "Oil spills.
PB81-244808 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology for 1980 Held at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 18-20,
1980,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Ayer. Mar 81,628p EPA-600/9-81 -017,,
IERL-RTP-1161
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
See also PB80-176258.
The report documents presentations at the second
EPA-sponsored symposium on iron and steel pollution
abatement technology, in Philadelphia, PA, November
18-20, 1980. (The first was in Chicago, IL, in October
1979.) The symposium provided participants an oppor-
tunity to exchange information on technology prob-
lems related to air, water, and solid waste pollution
control In the iron and steel Industry, and included a
keynote address, presentations on the environmental
aspects of a proposed formcoke demonstration plant,
and the future of steel technology and the environ-
ment. Sessions were conducted on: (1) air pollution
abatement, covering coke plant emission control, fugi-
tive emission control, innovative air pollution control
technology, Iron and steelmaking emission control,
and InhaTable participates; (2) water pollution abate-
ment, covering recycle/reuse of water, coke plant
wastewater treatment, and coke plant wastewater new
developments; and (3) solid waste pollution abate-
ment.
Keywords: *lron and steel Industry, 'Environmental
surveys, "Meetings, Technology, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Forecasting, Particles, Coking,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Solid wastes,
Fugitive emissions, Waste water reuse.
PB81-244840 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide.
Informatics, Inc., Rockvllle, MD.
Oct 79.324p EPA-600/8-79-022
Contract EPA-68-02-2799
See also PB-190 261.
This document summarizes current scientific Informa-
tion regarding carbon monoxide (CO) as a component
of the ambient atmosphere and the effects of CO upon
man and the environment. The observed effects, as
presented herein, constitute the basis for the criteria
upon which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) will review the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS) for CO. In the CO criteria docu-
ment the following questions have been addressed: At
what level of COln the ambient air do detectable ad-
verse health effects occur. What are these adverse
health effects. What are the major sources of CO. Are
there synerglstlc effects from CO exposure In humans
living at high altitudes. Are present monitoring meth-
ods adequate to determine human exposure to CO.
What are the global effects of Increased CO emission
Into the atmosphere. It Is In response to these and re-
lated questions that this document has been prepared.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, Public
health, Sources, Exposures, Monitoring,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Toxlclty, Laboratory ani-
mals, Vegetation, Exhaust emissions, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution
effects(Humans), High altitudes, Emission factors,
Path of pollutants, * Air quality.
PB81-244915 PC A03/MF A01
Quantifying Environmental Impacts,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
C. A. Shenk, and William Riley. May 81,46p* EPA-
910/9-81-086
How can environmental impacts be Included In cost-ef-
fectiveness determinations. What methodologies and
research are usable for quantifying those Impacts.
These questions are the subject of this report. It was
prepared to assist the Bonneville Power Administration
In developing a methodology to assess the cost-effec-
tiveness of proposed electric power projects. The
report discusses difficulties in physically measuring en-
vironmental impacts, and in subsequently placing
dollar values on them. Impact mitigation costs and
expert judgement techniques are also reviewed to de-
termine their appropriateness for this process. Sug-
gestions are made for properly structuring the deci-
sion-making process (related to Northwest power
planning) to avoid the need for comparing completely
unlike alternatives.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Economic analy-
sis, Electric power plants, Cost analysis.
PB81-244980 PC A05/MF A01
Testing of Six Engine Oils In Accordance with the
'EPA Recommended Practice for Testing, Qradlng
and Labeling the Fuel Efficiency of Motor Vehicle
Engine Oils'. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
F. Peter Hutchins, and Thomas J. Penninga. May 81,
97p'EPA-AA-TEB-81-16
In January/February 1980, the EPA assembled the
'EPA Recommended Practice for Evaluating, Grading
and Labeling the Fuel Efficiency of Motor Vehicle
Engine Oils' (Appendix 1). This procedure used the
ASTM approach for carryover oils and incorporated
four fuel economy grades for engine oils as well as a
label for Identification. In March 1980, the EPA Initiated
a testing program In accordance with the EPA recom-
mended procedure, using two sets of test vehicles to
evaluate the feasibility of the procedure. This report
covers the results of that testing.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Lubricating oils,
'Fuel consumption, Performance evaluation.
PB81-244998 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of the Moleculetor Fuel Energlzer on
Emission* and Fuel Economy. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. May 81,22p EPA-AA-TEB-81-18
This paper describes a program designed to evaluate
the effects of the Moleculetor Fuel Energlzer on ex-
haust emissions and fuel economy. Three late model
passenger cars were subjected to a series of test se-
quences both before and after installation of the
device. Each test sequence Included the current Fed-
eral Test Procedure (for exhaust emissions only) and
the Highway Fuel Economy Test. Test vehicles were
selected on the basis of high sales volume and were
set to manufacturer's specifications before entering
the program. Based on the results of this testing, there
Is no reason to believe that the Moleculetor conclu-
sively had an effect on the fuel economy and emission
levels of the test vehicles. The changes that were
shown were quite small and were not Inconsistent with
trends found by EPA on other fleets of test vehicles
which were subjected to mileage accumulation.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Performance evaluation, Air pollu-
tion, Air pollution control devices, Exhaust gases, Mo-
leculetor fuel energlzers.
PB81-246045 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research
Trlanlge Park, NC.
Symposium Proceedings: Environmental Aspects
of Fuel Conversion Technology, V (September
1980, St. Louis, MO). Rept. for Feb-Aug 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer, and N. S. Jones. Jan 81,665p EPA-600/9-
81 -006
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also part 4, PB80-134729.
The report documents presentations at the fifth EPA-
sponsored symposium on the environmental aspects
of fuel conversion technology, In St. Louis, MO, 9/16-
19/80. The symposium served as a colloquium on en-
vironmental Information related to coal gasification, In-
direct liquefaction, and direct liquefaction. The pro-
gram Included sessions on program approach, envi-
ronmental assessment, and environmental control, in-
cluding the development of EPA's pollution control
guidance documents. Process developers and users,
research scientists, and State and Federal officials
participated in the symposium.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
'Meetings, Assessments, Technology, 'Coal liquefac-
tion.
PB81-245128 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boiler*
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment-Site F. Data Supplement Dec 78-Feb 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
R. J. Tidona, H. L. Stlx, J. E. Cook, and M. G. Gabriel.
Apr 80, 220p EPA/600/7-80-065B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01 -2609
See also PB80-183023.
The Data Supplement is a compilation of test data pre-
sented in greater detail than was practical in the final
technical report. It is intended to provide the necessary
details to other researchers who are interested in per-
forming their own analysis. Readers are referred to the
contract final report for information as to objectives,
description of facility tested and coals fired, test equip-
ment and procedures, interpretations, and conclu-
sions. The final technical report also contains data
summaries not found in this Supplement. The Supple-
ment contains panel board data for each test, detailed
paniculate, O2, C02, NO, SO2, and SO3 data, particle
size distribution data, chemical analysis of the coal,
and coal size consistency data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests, Par-
ticles, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO),
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxlde, Particle size distribution,
Concentration(Composltlon), Fly ash, Tables(Data).
PB81-245219 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-balance: A
Monitor for Short-Term Measurement of Fine Aer-
osol Mass Concentration. Final rept. Oct 77-Oec 80,
Dudley Observatory, Albany, NY.
Harvey Pateshnick, and Georg Rupprecht. Aug 81,
41pEPA-600/2-81-148
Grant EPA-R-805222
A new Instrument for short-term monitoring of ambient
aerosol fine mass concentration has been developed
based on a unique device called a Tapered Element
Oscillating Mlcrobalance (TEOM). The detector con-
sists of a tapered hollow tube fixed at the wide end and
holding an exchangeable filter cartridge at the narrow
1152 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
end. Air is drawn through the filter cartridge down the
nollow tube. Particulates deposit on the filter cartridge.
i ne tapered tube is maintained in continuous oscilla-
tion in a clamped-free mode whose frequency is accu-
rately monitored. As particulates load on the filter car-
r]??6' the frequency changes in relation to the mass
added. A microprocessor-based electronics system
collects and processes the data. Output is printed in a
format consisting of time and aerosol concentration
'svel in microgram/cu m. The time resolution of the in-
strument, i.e., the time required to measure an air pol-
in'Sn level °' 10 microgram/cu m with an accuracy of
10% is 30 minutes. The inlet is equipped with a cy-
clone preseparator having a outpoint of 2.5 microme-
5? Jaerodynamic diameter), resulting in a system
ni»k "Provides a direct fully automated measurement
°' the fine mass concentration of ambient aerosol.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Mass, "Gas detectors, Air pol-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Design criteria,
performance evaluation, Fines, Monitoring, 'Tapered
element Oscillating Microbalance, 'Air pollution detec-
JB81-245250 PC A20/MF A01
water Resources Data for Georgia, Water Year
1880. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Jun 80, 470p USGS/WRD/HD-80-/061 , USGS/
WDR/QA-80/1
&ee also PB81 -120933.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
ueorgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report
Contains discharge records for 105 gaging stations;
stage for 9 gaging stations; stage and contents for 17
wes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 continuous
•rations, 129 periodic stations and miscellaneous
sites; peak stage and discharge only for 109 crest-
Ijage partial-record stations and 15 miscellaneous
sites; measurements of discharge at 108 low-flow par-
tial-record stations and 69 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels of 28 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Georgia,
water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
u|scharge(Water), Water levels.
£881-245425 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
j-notoacoustlc Detection of Paniculate Carbon,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Carles A. Bennett, and Richard R. Patty. Aug 81 ,
52p*EPA-600/7-81-129
want EPA-R-805332
A Photoacoustic technique for the mass monitoring of
carbonaceous aerosols deposited on filter substrates
"as been developed. The technique involves the use
°" a specially designed photoacoustic cell. Photoa-
coustic response is calibrated as a function of elemen-
|a carbon loading using laboratory-generated elemen-
tal carbon standards. The nature of the photoacoustic
response is examined at several chopping frequencies
"sing these calibration standards, and the physical
Principles necessary for an adequate interpretation of
the experimental results Is presented in detail. Practi-
cal considerations concerning ambient carbon moni-
jorirtg are outlined; in particular, the perturbation due to
the presence of scattering particulates is examined
and limited experimental quantification of this pertur-
bation is reported.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Particles, 'Gas detectors, Moni-
toring, Air pollution, Filters, Performance evaluation,
Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 'Air pollution detection,
Numerical solution.
£881-245714 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Impact on Emissions and Fuel
economy of Converting Two Vehicles to Com-
pressed Natural Gas Fuel. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Penninga. Jun 81 , 18p EPA-AA-TEB-81-19
The EPA was requested by the Department of Energy
to perform testing on two late model vehicles which
had been converted with on-the-market systems to run
on compressed natural gas (CNG). The EPA was re-
quested to measure vehicle emissions, fuel economy,
and acceleration characteristics of the vehicles in
stock configuration, modified running on gasoline, and
modified-running on natural gas. The testing was run
over a three week period with triplicate tests run in
each condition. This report presents the results of the
testing; but does not attempt to analyze the feasibility
of CNG powered vehicles in the market place.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Natural gas, Automotive fuels, Per-
formance evaluation, Air pollution.
PB81-245722 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Dresserator System Test Vehicle.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Penninga. Jun 81,38p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -21
A test vehicle supplied by Dresser Industries was
tested at the EPA Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory
to determine the feasibility of the Dresser Sonic Flow
Carburetor system as applied to a 3-way catalyst
system. The testing conducted included the standard
Federal Testing Procedure, Highway Fuel Economy
Testing, testing at 20, 40, 60, and 70 degrees F and
sulfate testing. The test vehicle achieved emission
levels below the 1981 and subsequent model year
standards of .41 gm/mile hydrocarbon, 3.4 gm/mile
carbon monoxide and 1.0 gm/mlle NOx. The vehicle
suffered starting problems at lower temperatures but
had no driveabiHty problems when warmed up. An ex-
tended idle period at the beginning of the cold start
test procedure was also used at lower temperature.
This modified FTP procedure Improved driveability and
lowered vehicle emissions somewhat.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Catalysts, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
'Dresserator systems.
PB81-245730
PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Mutagenlc Characteristics of Diesel
Hydrocarbons. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Penninga. Jul 81,18p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -22
The organic materials extracted from diesel paniculate
produce a positive mutagenlc response in the Ames
Salmonella test. Since a small amount of high molecu-
lar weight hydrocarbon material passes through panic-
ulate filters in a gaseous form, there has been a per-
sistent concern that these gaseous organlcs may also
be mutagenic. Several attempts at developing a test
procedure to collect the gaseous organics behind par-
ticulate filters have falleddue to inadequacy of the hy-
drocarbon absorbing media. This study evaluates pre-
viously exposed diesel paniculate filters as a collection
medium after the filters have been baked at about
1000 F to remove the particulate-bound organlcs.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution, 'Particles,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Diesel engine exhaust.
PB81-245862 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Monitoring.
Acute and Chronic Parathlon f oxlcity to Fish and
Invertebrates. Final rept,
Union Carbide Corp., Tarrytown, NY. Environmental
Services.
Anne Spacie, Alglrdas G. Vilkas, Gerald F. Doebbler,
William J. Kuc, and Gerald R. Iwan. Aug 81,80p* EPA-
600/3-81-047
Contract EPA-68-01-0155
Acute and chronic aquatic bioassays were conducted
with a variety of organisms using parathion (0,0-diethyl
O-(p-nitrophenyl) pnosphorothioate) as the challenge
compound. Acute LC50 values ranged from a low of
0.38 micrograms/l In Invertebrates to a high of 2.0 mg/
I in freshwater fish. Non-lethal effects were document-
ed in bluegill and brook trout chronically exposed to
parathion concentrations in excess of 0.17 micro-
grams/I and 32.0 micrograms/l respectively. Chronic
exposure of fathead minnows to concentrations of 4
micrograms/l resulted in deformation and reproductive
impairment. Bioconcentration of parathion in freshwa-
ter fish tissue ranged from five to several hundred
times that of the exposure water. Chronic no effect
concentration of parathion for D. magna was 0.08 ml-
crograms/l, for G. fasciatus less than 0.04 micro-
grams/I and for C. tentans less than 3.1 micrograms/l.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Bioassay, Insecti-
cides, Phosphorothiolc acid/0-0(dimethyl-ester)-0-(ni-
trophenyl-ester), Fishes, Invertebrates, Water pollu-
tion, Hazardous materials, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
TissuesfBiology), Parathion, 'Water pollution
effects(AnimaTs), 'Toxic substances.
PB81-246126 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Innovative and Alternative Technology: Case
Studies. Technical rept.,
Culp, Wesner, Gulp-Clean Water Consultants, El
Dorado Hills, CA.
Daniel J. Hinrichs, Nancy E. Helm, Justine A. Faisst,
and Bruce E. Burris. Jan 81,50p EPA-430/9-81-010
See also report dated Feb 80, PB81 -103277.
This report provides case studies of eleven projects
which have received additional grant funds through the
Innovative and Alterative (I/A) Program. The purpose
of this report is to present information gathered during
investigation of eleven case studies.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Municipalities,
Manuals, Cost analysis, Evaluation, Classifications,
Cost effectiveness, Toxicity, Soil properties, Equip-
ment, Sewage treatment, Environmental impacts, Acti-
vated carbon process, Risk, Legislation, Energy, Alter-
native planning, Clean Water Act of 1977.
PB81-246233 PC A04/MF A01
Results of the 'One Week Follow-Up' with Partici-
pants In the FY79 Emission Factors Testing Pro-
gram. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. Mar 81,64p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -14
This paper describes the results of a follow-up survey
with participants in EPA's Emission Factor Testing
Program. The survey was conducted in the form of a
questionnaire which program participants were asked
to complete and return about one week after their car
was tested and returned to them. The questions per-
tained to the efficiency of the lab personnel and the
performance of the participant's vehicle after it had
been tested. Some comparisons are possible in that
almost half of the vehicles received maintenance as
part of the test program. The results show that practi-
cally all participants felt that they were treated courte-
ously and efficiently by the lab personnel. The vast ma-
jority felt (whether or not their vehicles received main-
tenance) that their vehicle displayed either no change
or an improvement in its performance after it under-
went testing. Compared to owners whose vehicles
were not maintained, a greater percentage of the re-
spondents whose vehicle received maintenance felt
that there was an improvement in its performance. Of
the respondents that were not satisfied with the
present performance of their vehicles after mainte-
nance, most were dissatistifed before the maintance
and testing had been performed. Overall, the informa-
tion from this survey concludes that the majority of par-
ticipants were satisfied with the testing and the mainte-
nance actions that their vehicles received.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Questionnaires, Performance evalua-
tion, Opinions, Attitude surveys.
PB81-248308 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Solvent Loss from Vapor Degreaser
Systems. Phases 2 and 3: Effect of Crosscurrent
Air Velocity on Control System Performance. Final
rept. Jul 70-Nov 80,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. W. Gerstle, and E. S. Schindler. May 81,99p EPA-
600/2-81-072
Contracts EPA-68-02-2535, EPA-68-02-2907
December 1983 1153
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB81-176398.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated
available pollution reduction capabilities of vapor de-
greasers lilted with add-on control systems and sup-
plied by greaser manufacturers. The principal objec-
tives of this project were to develop and implement an
experimental program for assessing solvent loss from
decreasing systems of various designs, and to report
the test conditions, procedures, results, and conclu-
sions in a form usable by air pollution agencies and in-
dustry. Tests were performed from October 1978 to
June 1980 to evaluate the effects of different variables
on the rate of solvent loss from degreasers. The varia-
bles tested include the following degreaser control op-
tions and operating conditions: freeboard ratio, load
cross-sectional area, refrigerated freeboard chiller,
hoist speed, lip exhaust, crosscurrent air velocity, de-
greaser size, solvent type, and automatic cover. Vari-
ous relationships between the test variables are pre-
sented in the report. The factor most likely to ensure
long periods of operation with minimum solvent loss,
regardless of the mix of control options, is installation
in an area where crosscurrent velocity can be mini-
mized.
Keywords: 'Vapor depressing, *Air pollution, Organic
solvents, Design criteria, Cost effectiveness.
PB81-246316 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demonstration ol Wellman-Lord/Allied Chemical
FGD Technology: Demonstration Test Second
Year Results. Final rept. Feb 73-Oct 79,
TRW, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R C Adams, S. W. Mulligan, and R. R. Swanson. Aug
8i,410pEPA-600/7-81-140
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
See also report dated Sep 79, PB80-146897.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the per-
formance (over a 2-year period) of a full-scale flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) unit to demonstrate the Well-
man-Lord/Allied Chemical process. The process is re-
generable, employing sodium sulfite wet scrubbing,
thermal regeneration of the spent scrubber solution,
and reduction to elemental sulfur of the recovered
S02. Tests indicate that 89-90% of the SO2 can be re-
moved readily from the flue gas in a long-term depend-
able manner. However, best performance of the re-
generation system for 1 year was limited to only 61 %
of the time called upon to operate. Major operating lim-
itations were reduction unit problems, but unscheduled
evaporator and booster blower outages, as well as
start-ups and shutdowns, also contributed to down-
time. As expected, process energy requirements, pri-
marily for thermal regeneration of the scrubber solu-
tion and subsequent recovery of SO2, were quite
large, amounting to 12% of the boiler heat input de-
rived from fuel. Actual annualized operating cost was
14.9 milla/kWh, at 1978 prices for raw materials and
utilities. Credits for the sale of byproduct sulfur were
only 0.2 mills/kWh. The reported operation and per-
formance occurred after some modification to the
boiler to increase inlet flue gas temperature and after
Implementing FGD plant improvements identified
during initial operation.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Operating costs, Scrubbers, Performance eval-
uation, Cost analysis, Sulfur, Technology, 'Wellman
process, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-246324 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Critical Factors Controlling Vegetation Growth on
Completed Sanitary Landfill*. Final rept.,
Cook Coll., New Brunswick, NJ.
Edward F. Gilman, Ida A. Leone, and Franklin B.
Flower. Sep 81,213p EPA-600/2-81 -164
Grant EPA-R-805907
This study identifies some of the critical factors that
affect tree and shrub growth on reclaimed sanitary
landfill sites and determines which woody species are
adaptable to the adverse growth conditions of such
sites. Trees planted at the Edgeboro Landfill, East
Brunswick, New Jersey produced less shoot and stem
growth and shallower roots than trees on the adjacent
control plot. Of 19 woody species planted 4 years ago
on a 14-year-old landfill, black gum and Japanese
ash and hybrid poplar the least tolerant to landfill con-
ditions. Root systems of the more tolerant species
proved to be shallower than those of the landfill intol-
erant species.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Trees(Plants), 'Shrubs, 'Plant
growth, 'Land reclamation, Plant nutrition, Plant physi-
ology, Soil chemistry, Pine trees,
Tolerances(Physiology), New Jersey, 'Land applica-
tion, Black gum trrees.
PB81-246332 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Investigation of Contaminant Loss from
Chemically Stabilized Industrial Sludges. Final
rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
R. J. Larson, P. G. Malone, J. H. Shamburger, J. D.
Broughton, and D. W. Thompson. Sep 81,124p EPA-
600/2-81-163
Four sites where stabilized industrial wastes had been
disposed were examined to determine the effects of
stabilized wastes on surrounding soils and groundwat-
er. All areas selected for study were in the humid east-
ern or southern United States where rainfall was suffi-
cient to produce abundant leachate. The sludges had
all been fixed using the same proprietory process in-
volving addition of cementitious materials to form a
stable, soil-like product. Two of the industrial waste
sites contained auto assembly (metal finishing)
wastes, one site contained electroplating wastes and
the fourth bite contained refinery sludges. A randomi-
zation procedure was used to determine if consistent
significant differences existed between samples from
under and outside the waste disposal area.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Soil
analysis, 'Water pollution, Ground water, Hazardous
materials, Stability, Sites, Leaching, Field tests, Physi-
cal properties, Electroplating, Automobile industry,
Metals.
PB81-246340 PC E20
Hazardous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,500p-in10v
Set includes PB81-246357, PB81-246365, PB8V
246373, PB81-246381, PB81-246399, PB81-246407,
PB81-246415, PB81-246423, PB81-246431, and
PB81-246449.
No abstract available.
PB81-246357 PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities: Overview. Background
document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,10pMS-1941.33
See also PB81 -246365.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E10, PB81-
246340.
Provides background information used in developing
performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA's
proposed regulations on February 5,1981.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246365 PC AM/MFAOl
Hazardous Waste Management System: Gene™3
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators w
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, ano I wr
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Perm It &*
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting «•
Land Disposal Facilities: Surface Impoundments-
Background document no. 1 . -f
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, u"-
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,9pMS-1941.34 „_„,
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E20, PB81'
246340.
Provides background information used in |
performance standards for hazardous waste land ow-
posal facilities. The standards were published in fcr« »
proposed regulations on February 5, 1 981 .
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246373 PC A02/MF AOl
Hazardous Waste Management System: General,
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators o^
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and aw-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities: Waste Piles. Background
document no. 2. _,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DI*
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,11pMS-1941.35
See also PB81-246365, and PB81-246381 .
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E20,
246340.
Provides background information used in developifK)
performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA »
proposed regulations on February 5, 1 981 .
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246381 PC A05/MF AOl
Hazardous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities: Land Treatment. Back-
ground document no. 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,77pMS-1941.36
See also PB81 -246373, and PB81 -246399.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E20, PB81-
246340.
Provides background information used in developing
performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA s
proposed regulations on February 5, 1 981 .
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246399 PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities: Landfills. Background
document no. 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,75pMS-1941.37
See also PB81-246381 , and PB81 -246407.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E20, PB81-
246340.
Provides background information used in developing
performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA's
proposed regulations on February 5, 1981 .
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal, Sanitary
landfills.
1154 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
, . . PCA03/MFA01
H.WaSte Management System: General;
andous fiS ?abr lo Owner» a"d OPWO" °»
Poial F«rmfi te Tr«atment, Storage, and DIs-
Sratn Mr? SSS' and Ha*ardous Waste Permit Pro-
nd 8E-CFR, I60' 264- and 122>- Permitting of
nd tinny0881 ^duties: Underground Injection
o 5 er9round Seepage. Background document
A(jency' Washln8t°n, DC.
no 5
Ateo
246340
' and PB81-246415.
S8t ot 10 reports PC E20' PB81-
Perfo?mLbaok?round information used in developing
Posal tea?i?,e S'andard8 'or hazardous waste land dis-
-
i ™ stan(Jards were published In EPA's
regulations on February 5, 1 981 .
8;-*Haza''dous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
a, Legislation, Land disposal.
po2, ??"•„ ."»«** Treatment, Storage, and DIs-
gram ffifJ.'!'*: and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
Und n? CFR 26°- 264- and 122>- P«""lttlnfl of
men,, ?'8P?«" Facilities: Information Require-
umSrrt no 6 ltt'n9 D'»cnar8e»- Background doc-
Washin9ton' DC'
wast
SL81;132pMS-1941.39
Afcl "L80 PB81 -246407. and PB81 -246423.
246340 '" S6t °f 1° rep0rtS PC E20' PB81~
DerFn^8 backQround information used in developing
P0!»rman-ce standards for hazardous waste land dis-
br~r!'acuities. The standards were published in EPA's
"Posed regulations on February 5,1981.
Is: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
'lations, Legislation, Land disposal.
al
.
PC A03/MF A01
i Waste Management System: General;
.„.„ Applicable to Owners and Operators of
pT-wwjus Waste Treatment, Storage, and DIs-
™»» Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
—>sal Facilities: Ground-Water Protection
Background document no. 7.
sr°'.39pMS-1941.40
2* also PB81-246415, and PB81 -246431.
246340 e in 8et Of 10 reports PC E2°- PB81'
DI2'|des background information used in developing
^"wmance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
"
. The standards were published in EPA's
t"°Posed regulations on February 5, 1 981 .
- -•-Js: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
Water lat'0nSl Le9'slat'on. Land disposal. Ground
JJB81-246431 PC A03/MF A01
gaairdous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
U^ardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and DIs-
£*«l Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gam MO CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
band Disposal Facilities: Ground-Water and Alr-
Ejnisslon Monitoring. Background document no. 8.
"wonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1,38pMS-1941.41
81 -246423, and PB81 -246449.
in set of 10 reports PC E20, PB81-
Provides background information used in developing
Performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
Posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA's
Proposed regulations on February 5,1981.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al. Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246449 PC AOS/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management System: General;
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities; and Hazardous Waste Permit Pro-
gram (40 CFR 260, 264, and 122). Permitting of
Land Disposal Facilities: Performance Standards
for Land Disposal Facilities. Background document
no. 9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul81,81pMS-1941.42
See also PB81-246431.
Also available In set of 10 reports PC E20, PB81-
246340.
Provides background Information used in developing
performance standards for hazardous waste land dis-
posal facilities. The standards were published in EPA's
proposed regulations on February 5,1981.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Legislation, Land disposal.
PB81-246662 PC A17/MF A01
The Use of Lidar for Emissions Source Opacity
Determinations: Second Edition,
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
Arthur W. Dybdahl. Jul 81,399pEPA-330/1-79-003-R
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Lidar, an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging, is a
laser radar which can be used to measure the opacity
of particulate emissions from stationary sources. Ex-
tensive test results support the promulgation of the
lidar technique as an alternate method to Reference
Method 9, that uses trained visible emissions observ-
ers. Three tests demonstrate lidar precision and accu-
racy: one using an aerosol chamber to generate a con-
trolled particulate plume, the second using an optical
generator to simulate lidar return signals, the third
using fabricated screen targets of constant fixed opac-
ity. Correlation of lidar opacity values and visible emis-
sions observations was measured by the Lidar - Refer-
ence Method 9 Collaborative Test. The Colorado
Smoke Generator Test correlated lidar opacity with a
calibrated in-stack transmissometer. Advantages of
lidar over VEOs are the ability to measure opacity
during darkness and independently of background
contrast conditions, and also the lidar is not subject to
time and endurance constraints. Requirements and
procedures needed to facilitate routine use of lidar
were developed. Twelve tables, 65 figures. Appendix A
- Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources. Appendix B - Omega 1 Lidar: Computer Soft-
ware. References.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Air pollution, 'Particles,
'Optical radar, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Tests, Computer programs, Fortran, Technology, 'Sta-
tionary sources.
PB81-246712 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Parallel Evaluation of Air- and Oxygen-Activated
Sludge. Final rept. Feb 75-Dec 76,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Scott Austin, Fred Yunt, Donald Wuerdeman, and
Walter E. Garrison. Aug 81.53p EPA-600/2-81-155
Contract DI-14-12-150
To provide data on the relative merits of air and oxygen
in the activated sludge process, two 1900-cu m/day
(0.5-mgd) activated sludge pilot plant, one air and one
oxygen system, were operated side-by-side at the
Joint Water Pollution Control Plant, Carson, California.
Both of the pilot plants met the applicable discharge
limitations for everything but three trace metals, but
the oxygen system provided a more stable operation.
Primary differences in performance concerned ammo-
nia nitrogen removals and energy consumption. Differ-
ences in sludge production were not significant.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, Oxygen, Air, Pilot plants, Performance eval-
uation.
PB81-247066 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Foreign Research In Tire Noise. Final rept.,
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Robert English, and Carl Modig. Aug 80,149p" EPA-
550/9-81-318
Contract EPA-68-01-4477
The research of fourteen countries is represented in
this compilation of current and planned research out-
side the U.S. in tire noise research and tire noise con-
trol technology including both passenger car tires and
truck tires. Topics covered include mechanisms of tire
noise generation, on-the-road and laboratory meas-
urement methods, influence of tire variables (tread
type, aspect ratio, material, bias vs. radial, tread wear,
sldewall stiffness), operating variables (pressure, tem-
perature, speed, load) road surface variables (texture
depth, surface material, wet vs. dry, grooving), tire
screens, studded tires, tradeoffs with other design vari-
ables such as safety (traction, skid resistance), and
recommendations for further research. Included are
104 references.
Keywords: 'Tires, 'Noise pollution, Acoustic measure-
ment, Treads, Skid resistance, Pavements, Surface
roughness, Technology assessment, 'Foreign tech-
nology, Noise sources, Noise levels.
PB81-24716S PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Effects of Experimental Oiling on Recovery of
Strait of Juan de Fuca Intertldal Habitats. Final
rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
J. R. Vanderhorst, J. W. Blaylock, P. Wilkinson, M.
Wilkinson, and G. Fellingham. May 81,144p EPA-600/
7-81-088
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Rockville, MD. Office of Marine
Pollution Assessment.
Experimental studies of the effects of Prudhoe Bay
crude oil on the recovery of inter-tidal infauna and epi-
fauna were conducted in the Strait of Juan de Fuca
region of Washington State. The studies experimental-
ly evaluated the effect of oil treatment, site, substrate
type, season, and tide level on the composition, densi-
ty, and species richness of organisms colonizing sub-
strates which were initially free of organisms. Signifi-
cant differences for some biological parameters were
demonstrated for each of the types of treatment con-
trast (site, substrate type, season, tide level, and oil).
Significant biological effects were demonstrated to be
due to oil treatments for 70% of 56 biological param-
eters evaluated in detail. Full recovery following con-
tamination with oil was predicted for sediment-borne
infauna based on oil retention time and recovery of in-
fauna in unoiled sediments.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Ecology, 'Marine biology,
'Water pollution, 'Juan de Fuca Strait, Recovery, Sub-
strates, Abundance, Ocean tides, Sites, Marine micro-
organisms, Clams, Sands, Concretes, Sediments,
Evaluation, Intertidal zone, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB81-247223 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
On-Slte Meteorological Instrumentation Require-
ments to Characterize Diffusion from Point
Sources: Workshop Report Final rept. Sep 79-Sep
80,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
David Strimaitis, Gale Hoffnagle, and Arthur Bass. Apr
81,124p EPA-600/9-81-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3282
Results of a workshop entitled 'On-Site Meteorological
Instrumentation Requirements to Characterize Diffu-
sion from Point Sources' are summarized and report-
ed. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency in Raleigh, North Carolina.
on January 15-17, 1980. Its purpose was to provide
EPA with a thorough examination of the meteorologi-
cal instrumentation and data collection requirements
needed to characterize airborne dispersion of air con-
taminants from point sources and to recommend,
based on an expert consensus, specific measurement
technique and accuracies. Secondary purposes of the
workshop were to (1) make recommendations to the
National Weather Service (NWS) about collecting and
archiving meteorological data that would best support
December 1983 1155
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
air quality dispersion modeling objectives and (2) make
recommendations on standardization of meteorologi-
cal data reporting and quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Laboratory equipment, 'Me-
teorology, 'Meetings, Data analysis, Quality assur-
ance, Standards, 'Point sources, 'Air quality.
PB81-247405 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fate of Toxic and Nonconventlonal Pollutants In
Wastewater Treatment Systems Within the Pulp,
Paper, and Paperboard Industry. Final rept. Jun 78-
Jun 80,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Bruce K. Wallin, and Arthur J. Condren. Sep 81,104p
EPA-600/2-81-158
Contract EPA-68-03-2605
Field studies were undertaken to determine the fate of
toxic and nonconventional pollutants present in the
wastewaters discharged from the pulp, paper, and pa-
perboard industry. A sampling and analysis program
was conducted at two deink mills and a groundwood
fine paper mill. Each mill employed a wastewater treat-
ment system which included primary clarification, high
rate biological treatment, secondary clarification, and
combined primary/secondary sludge dewatering.
Through a sampling program of primary clarifier influ-
ent, biological treatment effluent, air emissions above
the aeration tanks, and dewatered sludge solids, it was
the objective of the study to complete a mass balance
of the pollutants under study. Analysis of primary clari-
fier influent samples was by both GC and GC/MS
techniques; analysis of the remaining samples was GC
method alone. In general, 50 percent of the mass of
each pollutant found in the mill's raw wastewaters
were accounted for in the program. The accountability
of the volatile organic pollutants ranged from 27 to 55
percent. The accountability of semi-volatile pollutants
ranged from 6 to 933 percent with three pollutants ac-
counted for In excess of 100 percent.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Water pollution control,
Industrial waste treatment, Field tests, Pulps, Paper-
boards, Clarification, Dewatering, Sludges, Sampling,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Water anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Organic compounds, 'Path of
pollutants, 'Water pollution detection, Biological in-
dustrial waste treatment, Volatile organic compounds,
Toxic substances.
PB81-247413 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Monitoring Techniques for Carbon Fiber Emis-
sions: Evaluation B. Final rept,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Edward T. Peters, Kenneth T. Menzies, Edward J.
Cook, and Michael Rossetti. Aug 81,81 p EPA-600/2-
81-145
Contract EPA-68-02-3275
See also evaluation A, PB81-205932.
An evaluation of available measurement methods for
continously monitoring the number and mass of
carbon fibers emitted from source operations was con-
ducted. A total of eleven candidate monitoring meth-
ods were identified based on contact (electrical), local-
ly sensing (optical, microwave) and remote sensing
(microwave, radar). Each method was rated on the
basis of measurement (sampling), detection and in-
strumental parameters, and their useful concentration
and length range were compared to three emission
scenarios representing textile weaving, machining and
waste incineration. Five methods have merit for certain
conditions and are recommended for further study: for
moderate to high concentrations and lengths greater
than 1 mm. microwave-OSGEF and electrical grid-arc
methods; for moderate to high concentrations and
lengths less than 1 mm, optical scattering-rotating lens
and fiber aerosol monitor (FAM) methods; and for very
high concentrations in absence of other paniculate
matter (i.e., process upset), the optical-LED method.
Microwave-OSGEF Is the only method that is specific
to carbon fibers alone. The electric grid-arc method
can be arranged to sample a major portion of the air
stream, providing representative sampling. These two
methods are recommended as having highest priority
for further development.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Air pollution, Composites,
Monitoring, Concentration(Composition), Particles,
1156 Vol. 83, No. 26
Design criteria, Manufacturing, Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, Optical measuring instruments,
Microwave equipment, Electric measuring instru-
ments.
PB81-247421 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Limestone Dual Alkali Prototype
System Plant Scholz: System Design and Program
Plan. Final rept. Oct 78-Mar 80,
Thyssen-CEA Environmental Systems, Inc., New York.
J. A. Valencia, R. R. Lunt, and G. J. Ramans. Aug 81,
68pEPA-600/7-81/141A
Contract EPA-68-02-3128
See also PB-269 904.
The report describes the (Phase I) design of both a
limestone dual alkali system at Gulf Power Co.'s
Scholz steam plant and a related test program. The
limestone dual alkali process will be tested at an exist-
ing 20 MWe prototype facility at the Scholz plant. The
intent of the project is not only to demonstrate the
technical feasibility of the process at a prototype level
but also to supply technical and cost information relat-
ed to the implementation of the process at a full com-
mercial scale. The project is being carried out in three
phases: Phase I, project planning; Phase II, procure-
ment, recommissioning, and construction; and Phase
III, startup, testing, decommissioning, and data analy-
sis. Recommissioning costs at Scholz were about
$800,000. Capital and operating costs (in 1979 dollars)
projected for a new 500 MW limestone dual alkali
system based on the prototype experience are esti-
mated to be $95/kW and 4.5 mills/kWh, respectively.
The process was developed by Combustion Equip-
ment Associates, Inc. and Arthur D. Little, Inc.; CEA's
Air Pollution Division was sold to Thyssen-CEA Envi-
ronmental Systems, Inc. in late 1980.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Cost anal-
ysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Technology, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, 'Limestone scrubbing,
'Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB81-247439 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Alternatives for Sodium Cyanide for Flotation
Control. Final rept. Feb 78-Jan 81,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. J. Mezey, D. W. Neuendorf, G. Ray Smithson, Jr.,
and James F. Shea. Aug 81,88p BATT-G-6617-0800,
EPA-600/2-81-157
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
Cyanide has long been looked upon as the classical
poison and has been listed by EPA as a priority pollut-
ant. The mineral dressing industry has long used cya-
nide in its concentration and extractive metallurgy op-
erations. Cyanide plays a role of varying importance in
the metallurgy of gold, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt,
lead, zinc, molybdenum, and cadmium. In the copper,
lead, and zinc industries the primary uses for cyanides
are as depressants for the flotation of iron and zinc
minerals and for the reactivation of copper minerals in
the flotation of molybdenite. This study was made to
determine the technical, and if possible, the economic
feasibility of substituting alternative reagents for cyan-
ides as depressants for iron in the flotation of copper,
lead, and zinc ores. The study was carried out in two
phases. The first consisted of a literature search, an
evaluation of the data obtained in the search, and final-
ly a suite of laboratory-scale flotation experiments to
test the three selected reagents. These experiments
were made on copper ores, copper-lead-zinc ores, and
zinc ores supplied by industry. The three reagents se-
lected and tested were sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide,
and sodium thiosulfate. Phase II consisted of inter-
viewing company officials and operators in the copper-
lead-zinc industry. Visits were made to 11 companies
operating 17 mills in these fields.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal industry,
'Cyanides, Beneficiation, Substitutes, Sodium surfites,
Sodium thiosulfates, Industrial waste treatment, 'Froth
flotation, Sodium sulfide.
PB81-247520 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Use of Coal Cleaning for Compliance with S02
Emission Regulations. Final rept. Jun 77-Jun 81,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. H. Hall, A. W. Lemmon, Jr., G. L. Robinson, F. K.
Goodman, and J. H. McCreery. Sep 81,438p EPA-
600/7-81-146,, IERL-RTP-1244
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
The report gives results of an evaluation of coal clean-
ing as a means of controlling SO2 emissions from
coal-fired stationary sources. Coal cleaning was exam-
ined in the light of various existing and proposed S02
emissions regulations to determine applications in
which the technology would be most useful. Barriers
were identified that prevent wider application of coal
cleaning. Actions are described which should be taken
to overcome these barriers. Much information about
coal is compiled as resource data on the coal reserve
base, present and projected coal production, coal
cleanability, current and projected coal use by utilities
and industry, size and age distribution of coal-fired fa-
cilities, and the nature of coal contracts. Environmen-
tal impacts of coal cleaning are compared with those
of other sulfur removal strategies such as flue gas de-
sulfurization and the use of low-sulfur coal. Similarly,
costs of the various SO2 control alternatives are com-
pared. Cost analyses show an economic superiority for
physical coal cleaning generally, even if supplemental
application of another method, FGD, must be used to
achieve full compliance with NSPS or SIP emission
limits.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Sulfur dioxide, Desul-
furization, Standards, Technology, Economic analysis,
Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Water pollution,
Flue gases, 'Air pollution abatement, Solid wastes.
Stationary sources, Physical treatment, Chemical
treatment, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB81-247702 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Analysis for the 1984 High Altitude
Report to Congress: Summary of Results. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Mark Wolcott. Apr 81, 71 p EPA-AA-TEB-81-17
This report describes the data, assumptions, and
methodology used in the air quality analysis for the
1984 High Altitude Report to Congress. Detailed de-
scriptions of the strategies examined and the mobile
source emission factors associated with each strategy
are included in this report only by reference.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Air qual-
ity, 'High altitude areas, Emission factors, Light duty
vehicles.
PB81-247728 PC A09/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Instructional Resources Monograph Series:
Safety In Wastewater Treatment Systems. Select-
ed Instructional Activities and References,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Herbert L. Coon. Jun 81,185p EPA-430/1-81-014
Grant EPA-T-901184
Presented is a compilation of selected materials relat-
ed to safety in wastewater treatment systems and
water quality education. Part I provides examples of
available teaching/learning materials on such general
aspects of safety as: management and worker respon-
sibilities, plant design and general operation, chemi-
cals, electricity, fire and explosion, laboratory oper-
ation, and manholes and traffic. Part II cites abstracted
reference materials and Identifies films, slide/tape
presentations, and print materials that are available.
Keywords: 'Accident prevention, 'Water pollution,
Education, Protection, Safety, Waste water, Sewage
treatment, Manuals.
PB81-247942 PC A06/MF A01
Evaluation of the Moleculetor Fuel Energlzer
Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. May 81,121 p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -81-11
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Iuil,dnt de Nemours (E.I.) and Co., Deepwater, NJ.
Chambers Works.
"any W. Heath, Jr. Sep 81, 164p EPA-600/2-81-159
Grant EPA-S-804943
^lor illustrations reproduced in black and white.
and cost data on startup and the initial 30
Inn s of operation of a 150,000 cu m/day (40-MGD)
pArT- wastewater treatment plant using Du Font's
J'W'T process are reported. The process effectively
gL°vides secondary/tertiary treatment by adding pow-
"., red activated carbon to the aerator in an activated
wuage process. Removals of BODS and color were
w* and 68%, respectively, exceeding expectations.
removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) was
rf%! approximately equal design. Removals were
J-oris stem even though the waste contained many rel-
atively toxic, non-biodegradable organics and varied
n» kj "X 'n composition. A synergistic enhancement
"'Biological activity in the presence of activated
rr™°n was observed. Operation at over 25 days
wuage age reduced the required carbon dose from
l"0"* than 170 mg/liter to 120 mg/liter. Activated
carcon was regenerated in a multiple-hearth furnace.
™ 80% yield with recovery of 63% of virgin carbon
properties, production rate and quality recovery were
"wow expectations. Performance was hurt by under-
"joigned filtration and solids conveying equipment
wnich limited throughput and in-time. Excluding depre-
cation, operating costs for secondary/tertiary treat-
ment alone have averaged $0.16/cu m ($0.61/1,000
gai-). Including depreciation, costs have averaged
*0.33/cu m ($1 .27/ 1 ,000 gal.).
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Chemical indus-
"»• Industrial waste treatment, Activated carbon treat-
ment, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Performance
^valuation, Activated sludge treatment, *Du Font's
•'ACT process.
£881-248130 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Nutritional Requirements of Marine Larval and Ju-
venile Fish. Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Kenneth L Simpson, Paul S. Schauer, Cynthia R.
feidel, and Leslie M. Richardson. Aug 81, 52p EPA-
600/3-81-049
GrantEPA-R-803818
'n 1 975, a cooperative research effort was initiated to
evaluate a variety of diets and diet regimes for the lab-
oratory culture of a marine larval fish. The Atlantic sil-
verside Menidia menidia was chosen on the basis of its
regional availability, ease of handling in the laboratory
and its use as a bioassay organism. A major consider-
ation was to develop a diet that would provide good
growth and survival and provide a test fish similar to its
wild counterpart.
Keywords: 'Animal nutrition, 'Larvae, 'Marine fishes,
Diets, Growth, Survival, Amino acids, Fatty acids, Bio-
assay, ' Menidia menidia.
PB81-248148 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Nonmetalllc Inorganic Ions:
Nitrate and Sulfate for 1977 and 1978 from the Na-
tional Air Surveillance Networks. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gary F. Evans, John C. Puzak, John E. Frazer, and
Allan Riley. Sep 81,146p EPA-600/4-81 -074
See also report dated 1976, PB-300 458.
The National Air Surveillance Networks provide infor-
mation on air quality for many urban and nonurban lo-
cations within the United States. This report summa-
rizes the network data for two nonmetallic inorganic
ions (nitrate and sulfate) determined from high volume
samples collected during 1977 and 1978. Concentra-
tion values are presented in the form of cumulative fre-
quency distributions. Arithmetic and geometric sample
statistics are also reported, as are measures of the
precision and bias associated with the analytical meth-
ods employed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Inorganic nitrates, *Sul-
fates, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Urban
areas, Tables(Data), 'Air quality data, 'National Air
Surveillance Networks.
PB81-248155 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings of the Conference on Wood Com-
bustion Environmental Assessment Held at New
Orleans In February 1981. Rept. for Oct 80-Jun 81,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Ayer. 1981,330p* EPA-600/9-81 /029,,
IERL-RTP-1235
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
These proceedings document presentations at the
conference. The objective of the conference was to
disseminate recent research and development find-
ings on the subject of residential wood combustion.
The conference sessions dealt with: (1) and oyerviw of
environmental assessment activities, (2) specific emis-
sions and heating efficiency assessments, (3) emis-
sions control techniques, (4) highlights of the first three
sessions, and (5) residential wood combustion issues
and their resolution. In summary, the previously report-
ed high concentrations of polycyclic organic matter
(POM) in residential wood stove emissions were veri-
fied by several papers. One paper even reported high
POM concentrations in the indoor environment of
homes with wood stoves. High ambient values were
not attributed to residential wood combustion, but
many of the ambient impact studies were Just begin-
ning. Emission control techniques which were consid-
ered for controlling organic emissions Included sec-
ondary combustion and the introduction of a combus-
tion catalyst. These two control techniques were al-
ready being marketed; however, their reliability and
structural stability were questioned by several re-
searchers. Future regulation of wood stove emissions
was considered unlikely due to problems relating to
enforcing a residential emission standard.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Wood, 'Meetings,
Residental buildings, Combustion products, Stoves,
Assessments, Catalysts, Standards, Polycyclic com-
pounds.
PB81-248163 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste In-
cineration. Final rept. Mar-Sep 81,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
T. A. Bonner, C. L. Cornett, B. O. Desai, J. M.
Fullenkamp, and T. W. Hughes. Sep 81,487p* MRC-
DA-1090, EPA/SW-889
Contract EPA-68-03-3025
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) authorizes the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate owners/opera-
tors of facilities that treat hazardous waste in inciner-
ators. Pursuant to the legislative mandates specified in
RCRA, the EPA has proposed regulations to ensure
that hazardous waste incinerators are operated in an
environmentally responsible manner. Specifically, the
proposed regulations include an operational perform-
ance standard, general design and construction re-
quirements, combustion and destruction criteria, waste
analysis, trial bums, monitoring and inspections, rec-
ordkeeping and reporting, emission control criteria,
control of fugitive emissions, and closure. The pro-
posed regulations rely upon the technical advisory in-
formation contained in this document - Engineering
Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration. The pro-
posed regulations provide very little specificity pertain-
ing to actual hazardous waste Incineration perform-
ance requirements. Permitting official will set a 'stand-
ard' for each hazardous waste incineration facility
based on the application of the criteria or factors con-
tained in the proposed regulations and this document.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Reg-
ulations, Air pollution, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Standards, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Fugitive emissions, State of the art.
PB81-248841 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Review and Update of Modeling Analysis of
Carbon Monoxide Emissions In Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 81,115p EPA-904/9-81-080
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
An updated technical analysis of the carbon monoxide
emissions was conducted using the state-of-the-art
modeling techniques. The techniques, once calibrated
with the measured concentrations, were used to fore-
cast ambient CO concentrations at three existing mon-
itoring sites as well as at other anticipated 'hotspots'
where high concentrations might occur. The results of
the analysis indicates four locations where ambient
violations may occur at the end of 1987. The results of
this analysis will be used to compile a control plan for
the scheduled State Implementation Plan Revision in
1982 which will be able to show these hotspots in com-
pliance with the ambient standard by the end of 1987.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Mathematical models,
•Air pollution, North Carolina,
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Exhaust
emission, Tables(Data), 'Mecklenburg County(North
Carolina), 'Air quality, State of the art, State Imple-
mentation Plans.
PB81-249229 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Trlchlor-
oethylene: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature. Final rept. 1930-81.
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
JUI81, 344p* EPA-560/7-81-016
Contract EPA-68-01-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Trichloroethy-
lene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 79-
01-6) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations
have been selected from a thorough literature search,
and broadly classified as having primarily environmen-
tal or biological emphasis. The sources used in the
search are identified, and for the portion performed on
line, the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, Public health, Environments, Epidemiology,
Physiological effects, Pollution, Safety, Control, Regu-
lations, Literature surveys, 'Environmental health,
CAS 79-01-6, 'Ethylene/trichloro.
PB81-249351 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of 1,1,2-Trtch-
loroethane: A Comprehensive Bibliography of
Published Literature. Final rept. 1930-81.
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81.52p* EPA-560/7-81-015
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of 1,1,2 Trichlor-
oethane (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
79-00-5) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The cita-
tions have been selected from a thorough literature
search, and broadly classified as having primarily envi-
ronmental or biological emphasis. The sources used in
the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on line, the search strategies are also included.
December 1983 1157
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, Chlorine organic compounds, Public health,
Environments, Epidemiology, Physiological effects,
Pollution, Safety, Control, Regulations, Literature sur-
veys, 'Environmental health, 'Ethane/trichloro, *Tri-
cloroethanes, CAS 79-00-5.
PB81-249450 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Cost Analysis Methodology and Protocol Esti-
mates: OECD Minimum Pro-Market Data Test Pro-
tocols,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Janis C. Kurtz, and Allan Cohen. Jan 81,48p EPA-
560/4-81-002
Contract EPA-68-01-5864
The purpose of the study is to estimate the cost of the
protocols for the Organization for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development (OECD) Minimum Premarket
Data (MPD). OECD is an international organization of
24 member nations whose membership includes the
major chemical producers of the non-communist
world. The MPD is designed for premarket assessment
of the new chemicals in the OECD member nations.
The base set of premarketing data which EPA is rec-
ommending is identical to the MPD developed by the
OECD. The protocols were costed by first breaking
them down into the various cost components and then
costing each component separately.
Keywords: 'Chemical tests, Chemical industry, Cost
estimates, Labor estimates, Chemical compounds.
Chemical properties, Toxicity, Manpower, "Protocols.
PB81-249625 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Acrylonl-
trlle: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Published
Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81,118p* EPA-560/7-81 -007
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document Is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Acrylonitrile
(Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 107-13-
1) for the period 1930 to May 1981. the citations have
been selected from a thorough literature search, and
biological emphasis. The sources used In the search
are identified, and for the portion performed on line,
the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, "Acrylonitriies, Public health, Environments,
Epidemiology, Physiological effects, Pollution, Safety,
Control, Regulations, Nitrites, Literature surveys, "En-
vironmentalnealth, CAS 107-13-1.
PB81-249633 , PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Adlpate
Esters: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature 1930-1981. Final rept
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81,44p* EPA-560/7-81-008
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of selected
Adipic acid esters (Di-(2-ethylhexyl); Di-n-octyl; Di-2-
butoxyethyl; Diisodecyl; Diisooctyl; N-hexyl-n-decyl; Di-
(2-butoxyethyl)ethyl; N-octyl-n-decyl; Dimethyl; Din-
onyl; C7-C9 linear; Dicapryl; Diisopropyl; DHridecyl;
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers 103-23-
1; 123-79-5; 141-18-4; 27178-16-1; 1330-86-5; 22707-
35-3; 141-173; 110-29-2; 627-93-0; 151-32-6; 68515-
75-3; 108-63-4, 6938-94-9; 16958-92-2 respectively)
for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations have
been selected from a thorough literature search, and
broadly classified as having primarily environmental or
biological emphasis. The sources used in the search
are identified, and for the portion performed on line,
the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Adlpates, Public health, Environments, Epi-
demiology, Physiological effects. Pollution, Safety,
Control, Regulations, Esters, Literature surveys, 'Envi-
ronmental health, CAS 103-23-1, CAS 123-79-5, CAS
141-18-4, CAS 27178-16-1, CAS 1330-86-5, CAS
16958-92-2, CAS 22707-35-3, CAS 141-17-13, CAS
110-29-2, CAS 627-93-0, CAS 151-32-6, CAS 68515-
75-3, CAS 108-63-4, CAS 6938-94-9.
PB81-249641 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of alpha-Chlor-
otoluene: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81,45p* EPA-560/7-81 -009
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of alpha Chloro-
toluene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
100-44-7) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The cita-
tions have been selected from a thorough literature
search, and broadly classified as having primarily envi-
ronmental or biological emphasis. The sources used in
the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on line, the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Benzyl chloride, Public health, Environ-
ments, Epidemiology, Physiological effects, Pollution,
Safety, Control, Regulations, Literature surveys, 'Envi-
ronmental health, CAS 100-44-7, Toluene/chloro.
PB81-2496S8 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Bromoethy-
tone: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Published
Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81,34p' EPA-560/7-81-010
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on hearth and environmental aspects of Bromoethy-
lene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
593-60-2) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The cita-
tions have been selected from a thorough literature
search, and broadly classified as having primarily envi-
ronmental or biological emphasis. The sources used in
the search are Identified, and for the portion performed
on-line, the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, Public hearth, Environments, Epidemiology,
Physiological effects, Pollution, Safety, Control, Regu-
lations, Bromine organic compounds, 'Ethylene/
bromo. Literature surveys, 'Environmental nealth,
CAS 596-60-2.
PB81-249666 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Cyclohexyl-
amlne: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul 81,64p' EPA-560/7-81-012
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of puDished citations
on hearth and environmental aspects of Cyclohexyla-
mine (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
108-91-8) and its simple nitrite, sulfate, and hydrochlo-
ride salts (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Num-
bers 24407-06-5; 27817-50-1 and 4998-76-9 respec-
tively) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations
have been selected from a thorough literature search,
and broadly classified as having primarily environmen-
tal or biological emphasis. The sources used in the
search are Identified, and for the portion performed on
line, the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies. 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, Public health, Environments, Epidemiology,
Physiological effects, Pollution. Safety, Control, Regu-
lations, Nitrogen organic compounds, "Cyclohexyla-
mlne, Literature surveys, 'Environmental hearth, CAS
108-91-8. CAS 24407-06-6, CAS 27817-50-1, CAS
4998-76-9.
PB81-249674 PC A03/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Hexachloro-
ethane: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul81,49p' EPA-560/7-81-013
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Hexachloro-
ethane (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
67-72-1) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The cita-
tions have been selected from a thorough literature
search, and broadly classified as having primarily envi-
ronmental or biological emphasis. The sources used in
the search are Identified, and for the portion performed
on-line, the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous
materials, Public health, Environments, Epidemiology!
Physiological effects, Pollution, Safety, Control, Regu-
lations, Chlorine organic compounds, "Ethane/hex-
achloro, Literature surveys, 'Environmental health,
CAS 67-72-1.
PB81-249682 PC A08/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Tetrachlor-
oethylene: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Pub-
lished Literature 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jul81,155p* EPA-560/7-81-014
Contract EPA-68-06-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Tetrachlor-
oethylene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Number 127-17-4) for the period of 1930-1981. The ci-
tations have been selected from a thorough literature
search, and broadly classified as having primarily envi-
ronmental or biological emphasis. The sources used in
the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on line, the search strategies are also Included.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous
materials, 'Tetrachloroethylene, Public health, Envi-
ronments, Epidemiology, Physiological effects, Pollu-
tion, Safety, Control, Regulations, Literature surveys,.
•Environmentalhealth,CAS 127-17-4, ...... >,„ •-">
PB81-249971 PC A07/MF A01
Operation and Maintenance Costs for Municipal
Wastewater Facilities. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Dlv.
Sep81,140p EPA/430/9-81-004, FRD-22
See also PB-283 471.
The report presents the results of the latest and most
comprehensive effort to obtain and analyze O&M
costs for wastewater treatment works. It summarizes
data from more than 900 treatment plants and almost
500 conveyance systems throughout 40 of the 48 con-
tiguous United States, including all ten EPA regions. In-
cluded Is information on administrative costs, sludge
handling costs, and staffing. The basic information for
this report was obtained from visits to selected sites,
and from earlier studies. This basic information was
combined into a simple data base, and examined for
relationships between total O&M costs, facility design
parameters and plant operation parameters, these re-
lationships were developed for the general national
level and, where possible, for smaller geographic units.
Where appropriate in analyzing the data, total O&M
costs were reduced to their major components.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Maintenance. 'Water
treatment, 'Wastewater, Operating costs, Facilities
management, Municipalities.
PB81-904200 Subscription
EPA Publications Bibliography. Quarterly Abstract
Bulletin. Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Li-
brary Systems Branch.
1981,4 issues*
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $60.00/year, single copy price
PC$15.00, MF$15.00; all others write for quote.
1158 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Italic • r,Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
contain De,pernber 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
on*? * a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
PWS generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies
ASL« r1d into the NTIS collection through 1976.
&ISL;8. point8 to this cumulative are by Report Title;
traS M 'Keyword); Corporate or Personal Author; Con-
ninn ^Tlper; and Accession/Report Number. Begin-
J'".1" March 1977, quarterly update supplements
j££ Polished listing and indexing EPA technical re-
rt rnal articles entered into the NTIS collec-
«' aunng the preceding quarter. An additional index
fo.7.1 sponsoring EPA office was included as well. The
wKh ,ue of the vear contains bibliographic citations
tiveinH acts for the Preceding quarter and cumula-
te indexes for the calendar year.
i?: *Air Pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
«»i SA,raot8' Subject indexing, Research, Waste
o •? ' Water SUPPV' Land use, Public health, Au-
E»h=,'...echnioal reports, Agriculture, Industrial wastes,
OU rXn ,»-emi88ion8' Combustion products, Pesticides,
?"• Radiat>on, Regulations, Standards, 'Envi-
, Air quality maintenance, Stand-
. — ,
K.fojpPliance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pol-
Alr iv,e tIscts(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials),
"» Pollution effects(Plants), NTISEPAEJB.
Subscription
. Product Information on Microfiche:
Ubel File.
Offtronm,?ntal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
IBB^ « • Pesticide Programs.
K/-.1 'ssue and 2 updates
on u2 8s.NpS/PR-380, Pesticide Product Information
Micmfl h ohe: A User>s Guide <6th Edition).
available on subscription, North American
price $250.00/year; all others write for
SfAoV
'I We.
; of updated and new
I index to entire compact
'rds: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Microfilm,
, , ,
nSrS ' ""formation, Indexes(Documentation), Photo-
s'apns, Consumer products, Updati
ating.
p?H^31900 Standing Order
T-JKieWe Product Information on Microfiche: Sets
*
.
oJnlronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"«tee of Pesticide Programs
Jwl, 2 issues
P«ESf??de8 PB80-921900. Includes NTIS/PR-380,
ftnu?6 Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
S?^"' required. North American Continent price
» ' WJ.OO/yean all others write for quote.
* contains product manager assignments, pesti-
> companies listed numerically and alphabetically,
imiral cross reference file alphabetically and nu-
y, tolerance file by chemical and commodity,
v—.»d chemical/registration number, pesticide label
««a, 24c applications by state, chemical/site/pest/
SJp Permit number and chemical index. Set B contains
J™> slte/pest/chemical/reglstration number and the
^wmical/site/pest/registration fiche sets with indices.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Manuals,
J-nemical compounds, Businesses, Toxic tolerances,
""icrofilm, Labels, Information, Sites, Herbicides, Fun-
flicioes, Consumer products.
PB81-922000 Standing Order
^•MteMa Product Information on Microfiche: Set
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1981,2issues
gupersedes PB80-922000. Includes NTIS/PR-380,
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
guide (6th Edition).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
fount required. North American Continent price
*40.00/yean all others write for quote. Also available
with Set B, as PB81-921900.
Set A contains product manager assignments, pesti-
»de companies listed numerically and alphabetically,
chemical cross reference file alphabetically and nu-
merically, tolerance file by chemical and commodity,
inverted chemical/registration number, pesticide label
data, 24c applications by state, chemical/site/pest/
24c permit number and chemical index.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Businesses, Toxic tolerances, Microfilm,
Labels, Information, Licenses, Consumer products.
PB81-922100 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Sat
B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1981,2 issues
Supersedes PB80-922100. Includes NTIS/PR-380,
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: A User's
Guide (6th Edition).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$120.00/year; all others write for quote. Also available
with Set A, as PB81-921900.
Set B contains the site/pest/chemical/registration
number and the chemical/site/pest/registration fiche
sets with indices which permit qualifiers and three
levels of site specificity for each discipline related
subset (herbicides, fungicides, etc.).
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Businesses, Toxic tolerances,
Microfilm, Labels, Information, Pests, Licenses, Sites,
Herbicides, Fungicides, Consumer products.
PB82-100074 MF A01
National Emissions Report (1978): National Emis-
sions Data Systems (NEDS) of the Aerometric and
Emission* Reporting System (AEROS). Annual
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Dec 80,388p EPA-450/4-80-029
Microfiche copies only.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: partlculates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Source
emissions data are reported to the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency under provisions of Section 110 of
the Clean Air Act, as amended 1977, and EPA Regula-
tions, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part
51.321. Summary data are presented for the nation as
a whole, for individual states, and for Air Quality Con-
trol Regions and individual interstate portions thereof.
The data compilations result from the operations of the
National Emissions Data System (NEDS), which func-
tions as a component of the comprehensive EPA air in-
formation system-the Aerometric and Emissions Re-
porting System (AEROS). AEROS Is managed by the
National Air Data Branch, Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency at Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, 'Na-
tional emissions data system, Aerometric and emis-
sions reporting system.
PB82-100306 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Foreign Noise Research In Surface Transporta-
tion, 1978-1981,
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Dick Barber, and Carl Modkj. May 81,373p EPA-550/
9"8i"317
Information on foreign research projects In surface
transportation noise abatement was collected from
both individuals and organizations. These contacts
were queried on the research they either were con-
ducting or funding and the names and addresses of
other surface transportation noise researchers. In
total, some 700 researchers were contacted. They
were asked to respond with information about re-
search projects that deal with: highway vehicle noise
control (trucks, buses, cars, etc.); vehicle component
noise control (engines, exhaust mufflers, cooling sys-
tems, power trains, tires, etc.); roadway surface materi-
als, tire/road interaction; path control (barriers, insula-
tion, highway planning and land management); high-
way noise analysis (prediction models, propagation
theory, etc.); rail noise (guided mass transit, light rail,
elevated structures, wheel/rail interaction); off road
and recreational vehicle noise; measurement, monitor-
Ing and enforcement research. From these contacts,
294 surface transportation noise research projects
were identified.
Keywords: 'Transportation noise, 'Research projects,
Noise reduction, Technology assessment, Highway
transportation, Rail transportation, Research manage-
ment, Cost analysis, Abstracts, Project management,
Noise pollution, 'Foreign technology, 'Noise sources.
PB82-100488 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Asbestos Analyses of Crushed Stone Samples.
Final rept,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
David R. Jones. Apr 81,491 p EPA-450/3-80-039
Contract EPA-68-02-2617
The purpose of this study was to determine the pres-
ence and concentration of asbestiform minerals in
seven (7) rock quarries. Generally, each of the partici-
pating quarries submitted samples of its product for
analysis on a weekly basis for approximately twelve
(12) weeks. A representative aliquot was obtained
from each sample and consecutive weekly samples
were composited. Analysis of the samples was per-
formed on a transmission electron microscope, using
morphology and selected area electron diffraction pat-
terns as primary criteria, with the aid of non-dispersive
x-ray spectra on difficult on selected fibers. Each fiber
observed was categorized and sized. The size data
was used to compute mass estimates for chrysolite
and amphibole fibers. The concentration of chrysotile
or amphibole was computed on a weight percent
basis. Several of the quarries were found to contain
asbestos.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Chemical analysis, 'Quarry-
Ing, Rocks, Air pollution, 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-100835 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Design Optimization of the Chlorlnatlon Process.
Volume I: Comparison of Optimized Pilot Syatem
with Existing Full-Scale Syatem*. Final rept. Feb
77-Sep79,
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
Endel Snepp, and Paul Bao. Sep 81,135p EPA-600/2-
81-167
Grant EPA-S-803459
See also Volume 2, PB81 -118051.
Parallel wastewater effluent chlorinatlon studies were
done on a mobile optimized chlorination pilot system
and the full-scale system at eight different treatment
plants. Disinfection efficiency was measured by total
coliform enumeration and chlorine residual tests. Par-
allel flow-through fish bloassays were also conducted
at each location. The objectives of the study were as
follows: achievement of adequate disinfection with
minimum use of chlorine; reduction of cholerine-in-
duced toxiclty; and writing of a design manual. At 7 of
the 8 plants studied the optimized pilot plant achieved
an equivalent level of disinfection with significantly
lower chlorine dosage, in some cases more than 50%
lower, than the full-scale plants. The pilot plant chlo-
rine residuals were also lower by the same propor-
tions. The reasons for the better pilot plant results
were rapid initial mixing, improved chlorine control, and
plug flow contact. In most cases the bacterial survival
ratio could be expressed as a function of the product
of chlorine residual and contact time. There appeared
to be, however, a limiting contact time to which this re-
lationship applied. The degree of coliform reduction
obtained during Initial mixing appeared to be a function
of chlorine residual.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chlorination, Disin-
fection, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants, Compari-
son, Industrial waste treatment, Design criteria, Sulfur
dioxide, Dechlorination.
PB82-100843 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab,, Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1159
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Literature Study of the Blodegradabllity of Chemi-
cals In Water. Volume 1: Blodegradabllity Predic-
tion, Advances In and Chemical Interferences
with Wastewater Treatment. Final rept. Jul 79-Apr
811
Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
John Geating. Sep 81,248p* EPA-600/2-81 -175
Grant EPA-R-806699
See also Volume 2, PB82-100850.
Post-1974 literature on wastewater treatment was re-
trieved by on-line searching of eight databases. From
1,000 articles critically examined, 600 were used to
generate a three-tiered permutated index keyed to,
and presented with the 600 articles bibliography in
Volume 2; the three levels of the index are name of
chemical, name of microbe affecting or affected by
said chemical, and treatment process involved. These
same 600 articles were used to generate separate bio-
degradable and nonbiodegradable lists of chemicals,
on which a successful feasibility study was carried out
to create an algorithm to predict biodegradability using
only substructural fragments and molecular weight.
The results of this study, in Volume 1, indicated 93%
accuracy for biodegradables, but only 70% for nonbio-
degradables due to the inadequate selection available.
Also in Volume 1 is a report on technological advances
in wastewater treatment gleaned from the 1,000 docu-
ments. In the same selection, in tabular format, are ref-
erences to commercial literature and some journal arti-
cles, supplied with this report to EPA, obtained by can-
vassing Japanese and West German manufacturers in
this field. Hounding out Volume 1 is a condensation of
abstracts from the 1913-1974 literature dealing only
with adverse effects of chemicals on wastewater treat-
ment, also in tabular format; it is intended to comple-
ment references to this topic in the permutated index.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Bibliographies,
•Biodeterioration, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Information systems, Industrial waste
treatment, Indexes(Documentation).
PB82-100850 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Literature Study of the Blodegradabllity of Chemi-
cals In Water. Volume 2: Permutated Index of
Chemicals, Mlcroblal Populations, and
Wastewater Treatment Systems with Bibliogra-
phy. Final rept. Jul 79-Apr 81.
Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Sep 81,157p* EPA-600/2-81-176
Grant EPA-R-806699
See also Volume 1, PB82-100843.
Post-1974 literature on wastewater treatment was re-
trieved by on-line searching of eight databases. From
1,000 articles critically examined, 600 were used to
generate a three-tiered permutated index keyed to,
and presented with the 600 article bibliography in
Volume 2; the three levels of the index are name of
chemical, name of microbe affecting or affected by
said chemical, and treatment process involved. These
same 600 articles were used to generate separate bio-
degradable and nonbiodegradable lists of chemicals,
on which a successful feasibility study was carried out
to create an algorithm to predict biodegradability using
only substructural fragments and molecular weight.
The results of this study, in Volume 1, indicated 93%
accuracy for biodegradables, but only 70% for nonbio-
degradables due to the inadequate selection available.
Also in Volume 1 is a report on technological advances
in wastewater treatment gleaned from the 1,000 docu-
ments. In the same section, in tabular format, are refer-
ences to commercial literature and some journal arti-
cles, supplied with this report to EPA, obtained by can-
vassing Japanese and West German manufacturers in
this field. Rounding out Volume 1 is a condensation of
abstracts from the 1913-1974 literature dealing only
with adverse effects of chemicals on wastewater treat-
ment, also in tabular format; it is intended to comple-
ment references to this topic in the permutated index.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Bibliographies,
'Biodeterioration, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Information systems, Industrial waste
treatment, Indexes(Documentation).
PB82-100868 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
1160 Vol. 83, No. 26
Coal: dRDF (Denslfled Refuse Derived Fuel) Dem-
onstration Test In an Industrial Spreader Stoker
Boiler. Use of Coal: dRDF Blends In Stoker-Fired
Boilers. Volume I. Final rept.,
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Ned J. Kleinhenz. Sep 81,146p EPA-600/2-81 -183
Contract EPA-68-03-2426
See also Volume 2, PB82-100876.
This study program has the overall objective of evalu-
ating boiler performance and environmental feasibility
when combusting densified forms of refuse derived
fuels (dRDF) blended with coal and fired in a modern
industrial spreader stoker-fired boiler. The results re-
ported herein represent the second phase of a two-
phase evaluation program. Phase 1 was conducted in
an institutional spreader stoker heating boiler. During
Phase 1 285 tons of dRDF were combusted. The re-
sults of that test are reported in EPA Report No. 600/
2-80-095. Phase 2 demonstration testing was conduct-
ed in a larger industrial spreader stoker boiler. In a
period of 402 hours, 1702 tons of dRDF were co-fired
with coal. An additional 231 hours of coal baseline
testing was completed to provide a basis of compari-
son for the test results.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Stokers, 'Solid waste disposal,
Performance evaluation, Feasibility, Environmental
surveys, 'Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-100876 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Coal: dRDF (Denslfled Refuse Derived Fuel) Dem-
onstration Test In an Industrial Spreader Stoker
Boiler. Use of Coal: dRDF Blends In Stoker-Fired
Boilers, Appendices A, B, C, and D. Volume II.
Final rept,
Systems Technology Corp., Xenia, OH.
Ned J. Kleinhenz. Sep 81,250p EPA-600/2-81-184
Contract EPA-68-03-2426
See also Volume 1, PB82-100868.
This study program has the overall objective of evalu-
ating boiler performance and environmental feasibility
when combusting densified forms of refuse derived
fuels (dRDF) blended with coal and fired in a modern
industrial spreader stoker-fired boiler. The results re-
ported herein represent the second phase of a two-
phase evaluation program. Phase 1 was conducted in
an institutional spreader stoker heating boiler. During
Phase 1 285 tons of dRDF were combusted. The re-
sults of that test are reported in EPA Report No. 600/
2-80-095. Phase 2 demonstration testing was conduct-
ed in a larger industrial spreader stoker boiler. In a
period of 402 hours, 1702 tons of dRDF were co-fired
with coal. An additional 231 hours of coal baseline
testing was completed to provide a basis of compari-
son for the test results.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Stokers, 'Solid waste disposal,
Performance evaluation, Environmental surveys,
'Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-100926 PC A21/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Nebraska, Water Year
1980. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Lincoln, NE. Water Resources Div.
May 81,483p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /060, USGS-WDR-
NE-80-1
See also report for water year 1979, PB80-200157.
Prepared in cooperation with Nebraska Dept. of Water
Resources, Lincoln, Nebraska Univ.-Lincoln. Conser-
vation and Survey Div., and Nebraska Natural Re-
sources Commission, Lincoln.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Ne-
braska consist of both surface water and ground
water. This report contains water-discharge records
for 158 streamflow-gaging stations, 53 partial-record
or miscellaneous streamflow stations, and 5 crest-
stage, partial-record streamflow stations; stage and
content records for 10 lakes and reservoirs; water-
quality records for 58 streamflow stations, 44 ungaged
streamsites, and 192 wells; and water-level records for
60 observation wells. Additional water-discharge data
were collected at various sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Nebras-
ka, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
DischargefWater), Water levels.
PB82-101114 PCA08/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml-
Emission Control Technology Div.
Estimating Mobile Source Pollutants In Mlcroscw*
Exposure Situations. Final rept. Jan 80-Feb 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Melvin N. Ingalls. Jul 81,162p EPA-460/3-81-021
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
The goal of this study was to provide a method of esti-
mating the concentration of any vehicle generated pol-
lutant in areas where people are in close proximity to
vehicles (microscale exposure situations). A list 01
common exposure situations was extracted from sev-
eral hypothetical daily activity routines. These situa-
tions were: residential garages, parking garages, tun-
nels, street canyons and expressways. For each of the
situations an appropriate dispersion model was select-
ed from the literature for use in obtaining pollutant con-
centrations. To determine the exposure level for eacn
case, the pollutant concentrations were calculated for
typical and severe actual situations. The range ot
physical variables for each type of situation was ob-
tained from a search of the literature, to define the typi-
cal and severe cases for each situation. Using the
physical variables describing the typical and severe
cases, actual locations were chosen to represent the
typical and severe exposure for each situation. Pollut-
ant concentrations were calculated for these actual lo-
cations using the chosen dispersion models. Concen-
trations were calculated using one gram per mile for
tunnel, street canyon, and expressway situations, and
one gram per minute for residential and parking ga-
rages. To use the calculated concentrations with emis-
sion factors other than one gram per mile or one gram
per minute, the concentrations given in the report are
multiplied by the desired emission factor in the correct
units.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Urban areas, 'Air pollu-
tion, Limited access highways, Garages, Sidewalks,
Vehicular tunnels. Exhaust emissions, Exposure.
PB82-101130 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi-
Emission Control Technology Div.
Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from Non-Cata-
lyst Baseline Cars Under Malfunction Conditions.
Final rept. Jun 80-May 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Charles Urban. May 81,185p EPA-460/3-81 -020
Contract EPA-68-03-2884 - •• •'••'•"
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from 1970 model non-catalyst gasoline automobiles
operating under malfunction conditions. Four automo-
biles were evaluated over three driving schedules in
the unmodified configuration and in up to three engine
and/or emission control system malfunction configura-
tions. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in ad-
dition to the currently regulated emissions, include:
particulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines,
metals and several additional elements and com-
pounds. Additional evaluations, in each of the configu-
rations, involved the measurement of the regulated
emissions over four short-test procedures.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Failure, Exhaust gases, Fuel consumption,
Motor vehicles(1970 models), Dodge Challenger auto-
mobiles, Chevrolet Monte Carlo automobiles, Ford
Fairiane automobiles, Oldsmobile Delta 88 automo-
biles.
PB82-101148 PCA06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Effect of Cooling System Design on Truck Noise.
Technical rept. (Final),
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Michael A. Staiano, and Robert A. Major. Jan 81,103p
ORI/TR-1863, EPA-550/9-81-319
Contract EPA-68-01-6154
Improving cooling system performance, thus, reducing
the fan aerodynamic requirement is a key to quieter
fans. Relative to an existing gasoline-engined medium
truck cooling system, increased top tank temperature
permits an airflow reduction estimated to allow an 11
dB reduction in fan noise. Use of a multi-pass radiator
in this configuration adds a further 1.5 dB reduction, as
estimated in a non-optimized case. Fan aerodynamic
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DroufJ?, c_?' performance is most significantly im-
5e»i™. yl?c?ucin9 blade tip-to-shroud clearance. Fan
vkte th £lch include integral (rotating) shrouds pro-
noiL AI. est aerodynamic performance and least
enain^n, nativelv'low l'P clearance fans using fixed
(dErm°unted shrouds or radiator-mounted fans
Mrhvm a lexible coupling), will also provide superior
ufaM,, ce- Aerodynamic test data provided by man-
than i,.e.rs.tends to use tip clearances much smaller
are »?»Tlnable in practice. Standard test procedures
cooi?.1!0, unavailable for acoustical testing of engine
noise S I?ns' Consequently, current production fan
ed if, 1ormanceis almost completely undocument-
for'Johi2rynamic and acoustical fan test procedures
stallort « applications which reasonably represent in-
datoV,* should be developed and performance
..,
z£" on commercially available fans be catalogued to
°Pme ' fan selection and encourage fan devel-
°Pment
: 'Trucks, 'Cooling systems, *Noise pollu-
PBM-IOIISS PCA03/MFA01
"Wonmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
""ice of Noise Abatement and Control.
c""|p of Acoustical Engine Enclosures on Truck
^ywing System Performance. Technical rept.
Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
"* *>. Major, Michael A. Staiano, and William M.
Jan81,41pORI/TR-1854,EPA-550/9-81-
c°ntractEPA-68-01-6l54
^airflow through a truck engine compartment con-
BaV?.0'a complex system of series and parallel flow
JJ™w. This system can be modeled in terms of a net-
SnP'equivalent ductwork elements. The detailed
thie nP''on of engine compartment airflow provided by
J^odel can be used as a means of predicting the
JT-oi of acoustical engine enclosures when the duct-
Z?"l element parameters are altered. The initial Imple-
ein., S00 of l™8 model will require the performance of
iiurnrjer of component and truck wind tunnel tests;
n^aata should be obtained to permit the use of the
• In-service monitoring of either engine or gear-
""" *-•--j performance requires the recording 8
•s plus clock time for an adequate de-
i of vehicle behavior. This monitoring should
led at the initial vehicle startup and continued
JV-oughout the day, including periods of engine shut-
Kr™n-.A total daily test period of approximately 10
^**» w expected. The sampling data rate of 1 /min for
ThE, P^aroeter is sufficient for monitoring purposes.
inav ""Coring requirement can be met by a relatively
"ensiye data logger plus suitable transducer signal
**jWords: 'Truck engines, 'Cooling systems, 'Engine
{5*3-101213 PC A09/MF A01
•*roonium Sulfate; Primary Aluminum; Secondary
*'urnlnum; Gray Iron Foundries; Steel Foundries; Sec-
HJpary Zinc; Asphaltic Concrete; Asphalt Roofing;
geDS Source Classification Codes and Emission
hactor Listing; and Table of Lead Emission Factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Solid waste disposal, Evapo-
jyon, Chemical industry, Food industry, Agriculture,
"™tal industry, Petroleum Industry, Manufacturing,
^oke ovens, Smelters, Iron and steel industry, Wood,
Combustion, Industrial plants, Copper, Lead, Petrole-
Jjro refining, 'Stationary sources, Mineral products in-
dustry, Wood products Industry, Fugitive emissions.
PB82-101338 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Dakota, Water
Year 1980. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30
Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Huron, SD. Water Resources Oiv.
May81,465pUSGS/WRD/HD-81/036,USGS-WDR-
SD-80-1
See also report dated 1979, PB80-195936. Prepared
in cooperation with the State of South Dakota.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
South Dakota consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells. This report contains discharge records for 112
gaging stations; stage and contents for 10 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 22 gaging stations; and
water levels for 6 observation wells. Also included are
37 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water
data were collected at various sites, not part of the
systematic data-collection program, and are published
as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in South
Dakota.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Dakota, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 0*Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-101346 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Scrubbed and Unscrubbed
Power Plant Plumes. Final rept. Jun 80-Apr 81,
Meteorology Research, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.
Gregory R. Markowski, Jeffrey L Stith, and L Willard
Richards. Jun 81,60p EPA-600/3-81-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3418
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-181225.
Airborne measurements of scrubbed and unscrubbed
plumes from the Widows Creek Steam Plant were
made during August 17 to 25,1978, under the SCRUB
program. Data from the flight program (except size dis-
tribution data) and preliminary data analysis results
have been previously published In a Data Volume. This
report briefly describes the flight program and method-
ology of the SCRUB program and gives the results of
the analysis of the data gathered during the flight pro-
gram. The analysis results cover plume chemistry, pri-
mary aerosol, aerosol size distributions, and aerosol
formation rates among the scrubbed and mixed
plumes. Little difference was seen in photochemical
aerosol and sulfate formation In the scrubbed and un-
scrubbed plumes. However, measurement noise and
plume mixing may have obscured moderate differ-
ences. The submicron primary emissions from the
scrubbed unit were only about 14 percent of those
from the unscrubbed unit.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, 'Plumes, 'Scrubbers, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Aerosols, Sulfates, Particle size dis-
tribution, Nitrogen oxides, 'Widows Creek Power
Plant.
PB82-101353 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Testing of Four Skimming Systems.
Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Henry W. LicMe, Michael K. Breslin, Gary F. Smith,
Douglas J. Graham, and Robert W. Urban. Sep 81,92p
EPA-600/2-81-189
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Prepared in cooperation with PA Engineering, Code
Madera.CA.
Performance tests were conducted at the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's oil and hazardous sim-
ulated environmental test tank (OHMSETT) on four
commercial oil spill cleanup devices: the Sapiens
Slrene skimming system, the Oil Mop remote skimmer,
the Troil/Destroil skimming system, and the Versatile
Bennett arctic skimmer. The objective of the test pro-
gram conducted during the 1979 test season was to
evaluate skimmer performance in collecting oil floating
on water using several wave conditions, tow speeds,
and skimmer operating parameters. Tests described in
this report were sponsored by the OHMSETT Inter-
agency Technical Committee (OITC). Members of the
1979 OITC were the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S. Navy-SUPSALV, U.S. Navy-NAVFAC,
U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Geological Survey, and Envi-
ronment Canada. A 16-mm film report, entitled '600
Foot Ocean', was produced to summarize the results
presented In this report. This film is available through
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Oil and Hazardous Mate-
rials Spills Branch, Edison, New Jersey 08837.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oil pollution, 'Skimmers,
•Oil spills.
PB82-101361 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Treatment Effectiveness: Oil Tanker Ballast Water
Facility. Final rept. Apr 78-Jan 81,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Ihor Lysyi. Sep 81,189p EPA-600/2-81 -192
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
A study dealing with the effectiveness of large-scale
treatment of ballast water was conducted at the termi-
nal facility of the TransAlaska Pipeline in Valdez,
Alaska. The plant was found to be generally effective
in reducing the petroleum content of the ballast water.
On the average, the oil content of Incoming ballast
water (ranging between 7,000 and 10,000 ppm) is re-
duced to an organic load equal to 10 to 11 milligrams
carbon per liter (mgC/L) in the final effluent. The bulk
of the organic content reduction takes place In the
gravity separators. Typically, the final treated effluent
contains 45% to 50% volatile aromatic hydrocarbons,
35% to 40% dissolved nonvolatile organlcs, and 10%
to 20% suspended organic matter. It was found that
the treated effluent did not mix uniformly with the re-
ceiving waters of Port Valdez during periods of thermal
and density stratification. The maximum concentration
of aromatic hydrocarbons was found at a depth of 50
meters in early summer and at a depth of 65 meters In
late summer. The horizontal spread of hydrocarbon
contamination extended as far as 2 to 3 kilometers
(km) from the plant outfall.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water pollution
control, Concentration(Composltlon), Alaska, Ballast
tanks, 'Oil pollution, Valdez(Alaska), Organic matter.
Fjord study.
PB82-101395 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Marine Fish Larvae Growth and Survival: Effects
of Density-Dependent Factors: Spotted Seatrout
' i nueblosus') and Lined Sole ('Achlrus
('Cynosclon nueblosus') and
llneatus'). Final rept.,
Rosenstiel School of Marine
and Atmospheric Sci-
ence, Miami, FL.
Edward D. Houde, and Keith Taniguchi. Sep 81,77p
EPA-600/3-81-052,, ERLN-X1
GrantEPA-R-804519
Standard culture methods were developed for larvae
of two common marine fishes, the spotted seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus and the lined sole Achlrus llnea-
tus. Culture methods were described and the relation-
ships of survival, growth and yield to temperatures,
food concentrations and egg stocking densities were
determined. Two different diets, a laboratory-cultured
diet based on the rotifer, supplemented In some ex-
periments with brine shrimp, and a net-collected zoo-
plankton diet were compared. Survival rates at meta-
morphosis In excess of 50% could be routinely ob-
tained for both seatrout and lined sole when food,
stock and temperature levels were near optimum.
Keywords: 'Larvae, 'Aquaculture, 'Trout, 'Marine
fishes, 'Growth, 'Diets, 'Cynoscion nebulosus,
•Achlrus llneatus.
PB8M01478 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
Energy Consumption Patterns: Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia
(1975),
River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL
December 1983 1161
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
James P. Hartnett, and Jan L. Saper. Apr 81, 80p EPA-
800/7-81-066
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Circle.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplmary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. It presents energy consumption
data for the year 1975 for the states of Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, as
well as for the United States as a whole. The entire
state of Kentucky and substantial portions of the five
other states comprise the ORBES region. Energy use
Is examined both by consuming sector and by fuel
source. The principal components of each sector are
described briefly, and detailed comparisons are made
among national, six-state, and individual state con-
sumption patterns for 1975. Preliminary estimates are
given for total energy consumption in the United
States, the six states, and individual states for the
years 1976,1977, and 1978.
Keywords: *Fuel consumption, 'Electric power
demand, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylva-
nia, West Virginia, United States, Electric utilities,
'Energy consumption, Residential sector, Industrial
sector, Transportation sector, Commercial sector.
PB82-101494 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study: Social Values and
Energy Policy,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Harry R. Potter, and Heather J. Norville. Apr 81,152p
EPA-600/7-81-053
Grants EPA-R-806451, EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette,
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. The objectives of the analysis are
to identify American social values and to examine their
relationship to energy production and use within the
framework of ORBES. The major topics are (1) an
overview of social values and energy policy, (2) an
identification of values implicit in the ORBES scenar-
ios, (3) a secondary analysis of survey data, and (4) a
discussion of variations in social values by social and
demographic characteristics.
Keywords: Public opinion, Surveys, Social perception,
Social effect, Ohio River Basin, 'Energy policy.
PB82-101635 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of On-Slte Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal Options. Final rept. Oct 77-Oct 78,
SCS Engineers, Reston, VA.
David H. Bauer, E. T. Conrad, and Donald G. Sherman.
Sep81,234p* EPA-600/2-81-178
Contract EPA-68-03-2627
A literature review of published and unpublished data
was conducted to identify all conceivable alternative
on-site systems, including wastewater manipulation,
treatment and disposal options. Wastewater manipula-
tion options included flow reduction, wasteload reduc-
tion and waste segregation. Treatment options includ-
ed disinfection, biological, and physical/chemical
methods. Disposal options included air, soil and sur-
face water methods, and practical combinations. Both
tested and untested systems were identified, and com-
binations of the various components were developed.
An equipment inventory was then performed to deter-
mine the availability of hardware for the systems and
system components identified. Data on engineering,
economic, and environmental acceptability character-
istics were collected. These systems were evaluated
on the basis of performance, operation and mainte-
nance, environmental acceptability, and total annual
cost for 15 specific site conditions. Site conditions
were defined by soil percolation rate, soil depth, slope,
available land area, direct discharge effluent require-
ments, and net evaporation.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes, Filtration,
Chemical removal(Sewage
Lagoons(Ponds), Coagulation, Reviews.
treatment),
PB82-101643 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstration Physical Chemical Sewage Treat-
ment Plant Utilizing Biological Nitrification. Final
rept. Jun 73-Dec 78,
Sanitation District No. 1 of Campbell and Kenton
Counties, Covlngton, KY.
E. Brenton Henson. Sep 81,88p* EPA-600/2-81 -173
GrantEPA-S-802719
This demonstration project in a small residential com-
munity in Kentucky was Initiated to show the feasibility
of treating sewage with a physical-chemical type of
wastewater treatment plant with a biological process
for nitrification. The 50,000 gallon per day system had
unit processes consisting of screening, flow equaliza-
tion, chemical clarification using lime, biological nitrifi-
cation, filtration, and activated carbon adsorbtion. A
significant feature of the demonstration was the reli-
ability with which a high quality effluent could be pro-
duced in spite of the numerous equipment and oper-
ational problems encountered. Plant removal efficien-
cy, as measured by the removal of BODS and sus-
pended solids was 93% and 97%, respectively. Phos-
phorus levels were reduced by more than 80% during
the chemical clarification step. Total nitrogen concen-
tration was reduced by up to one-third during the treat-
ment Effluent BODS and suspended solids levels
were significantly lower for this process than the aver-
age values obtained from seven various types of bio-
logical treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Feasibility, Nitrifica-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Clarifica-
tion, Calcium oxides, Filtration, Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Physical chemical treatment, Biological proc-
PB82-101650 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Deployment Configurations for Improved OH Con-
tainment with Selected Sorbent Booms. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Gary F. Smith. Sep 81,32p EPA-600/2-81 -168
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Performance tests on three catenary oil containment
configurations using sorbent booms sections alone
and in conjunction with a conventional containment
boom, were conducted at the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulat-
ed Environmental Test Tank (U.S. EPA OHMSETT).
Other test variables included wave condition, tow
speed, and oil quantity encountered. Maximum no-oil-
loss containmenUow speed was determined for each
wave and oil quantity tested. The use of an all-sorbent
boom with a multilayer sorbent raft at the apex exhibit-
ed average increases in no-oil-loss tow speed of 0.13
m/s over previous results using a single layer boom in
calm water. Use of a sorbent raft inside the apex of a
conventional containment boom increased turbulence
and caused oil loss at lower speeds than use of the
conventional boom alone. No-oil-loss tow speeds
using the sorbent boom raft at the boom apex also de-
creased from previous results using a single layer sor-
bent boom in the 0.3-m harbor chop wave. Loss was
due to increased turbulence from raft sections striking
each other from the wave action. Recovery of sorbed
fluid and regeneration of the boom sections was un-
successfully attempted using a commercially available
sorbent and wringer.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Containment,
*Booms(Equipment), Sorbents, Deployment,
Regeneration(Engineering), Water pollution.
PB82-101668 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Fundamental Considerations for Preparing Densl-
fled Refuse Derived Fuel. Final rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering.
George J. Trezek, George M. Savage, and Daniel B.
Jones. Sep 81,59p EPA-600/2-81-180
GrantEPA-R-805414
A series of pilot-scale tests were conducted to deter-
mine the effects of various parameters on the densm-
cation of refuse derived fuel (RDF). The experiments
included a series of bench-scale experiments involving
a single die arrangement, as well as larger-scale stud-
ies in which a commercial pellet mill was used. The
bench-scale tests (tests in which the pellets were indi-
vidually formed), were conducted both to provide data
needed for an analysis of the basis dynamics of pellet
formation and as an aid in the interpretation of results
obtained with the pellet mill. The energy required to
overcome die friction was studied independently of the
energy consumed in material deformation and com-
pression. By so doing, it became possible to determine
the specific effects of die length, diameter, and taper.
The results also suggested explanations for the exces-
sive die wear, and for the decreasing energy require-
ments for increasing the mass throughput observed in
commercial pellet mills.
Keywords: Densification, Pelleting, Pellet mills, Fuels,
Refuse disposal, Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse de-
rived fuels, 'Synthetic fuels, Municipal wastes.
PB82-101676 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Production Engineering and Marketing Analysis of
the Rotating Disk Evaporator. Final rept. Sep 78-
May 79,
Environmental Resources Management, Inc., West
Chester, PA.
Phillip L. Buckingham. Sep 81,52p EPA-600/2-81 -179
Contract EPA-68-03-2738
Recent EPA-funded research into the onsite, mechani-
cal evaporation of wastewater from single family
homes revealed that a rotating disk evaporator (RDE)
coujd function in a nondischarging mode. Such a
device has potential use where site limitations pre-
elude conventional methods of onsite disposal. This
report documents a marketing analysis made of the
RDE. The marketing analysis defined the market po-
tential for RDE systems, developed a practical design,
estimated production and installation costs, and re-
fined market estimates based on cost comparisons.
Total installed cost of an RDE system (including stor-
age tank) was estimated to be in excess of $20,000
(1979). Because of the high cost, the potential RDE
market is limited to very expensive homes, second
homes with no winter occupancy, and high cash flow •
low sewage flow commercial establishments. Further-
more, unfavorable climatic conditions eliminate much
of the nation from consideration.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, Cost analysis, Evapora-
tion, 'Rotating disk evaporators.
PB82-101684 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Dlspersant Application System for the U.S. Coast
Guard 32-Foot WPB (Waterways Patrol Boat).
Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Michael Borst, and Gary F. Smith. Sep 81,32p EPA-
600/2-81-172
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
This illustrated report describes details of the fabrica-
tion, assembly, and operation of a lightweight, easily
assembled system for dispensing chemical disper-
sants on oil spills. This system is designed to be fitted
onto the aft deck of the U.S. Coast Guard 32-foot wa-
terways patrol boat (WPB), a vessel stationed in many
areas where oils are commonly transferred or trans-
ported. This report is intended to provide those de-
tailed instructions necessary to the man actually doing
the fabrication, assembly, or operation. Sixteen illus-
trations and parts lists are also provided.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Dispersants, 'Shipboard
handling equipment, Boats, Water pollution,
Booms(Equipment), Supports, Oil spills. Recovery
booms.
PB82-101742 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology-
Pennsylvania Baseline,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
1162 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maurice A. Shapiro. Apr 81,632p EPA-600/7-81 -059
Grant EPA-R-805608
Prepared by Pittsburgh Univ., PA.Color illustrations re-
produced in black and white.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
oasin Energy Study (ORBES), a. multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Its purpose is to provide baseline
information on Pennsylvania, one of the six states In-
cluded partly or totally in the ORBES region. The
TOPICS covered are a historical synopsis of human ac-
tivities in western Pennsylvania; geology, climatology,
and soils; terrestrial ecology; surface hydrology; water
Quality; aquatic ecology; and socioeconomic charac-
teristics.
Keywords: 'Pennsylvania, 'Environmental surveys, Air
Pollution, Water pollution, Soils, Rivers, Hydrology,
Limnology, Sources, Standards, Ecology, Assess-
ments, Geology, "Baseline measurements, Socio-eco-
nomic factors.
PB82-101759 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Long-Range Transport and Transformation of
302 and Sulfate: Refinement, Application, and
Verification of Models. Final rept. May 80-Mar 81,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
'eizi Henmi, and Elmar R. Reiter. Aug 81,88p EPA-
600/4-81-070
want EPA-R-805271
See also report for May 77-Apr 79, PB80-134950.
A long-range transport model of S02 and sulfate for
wenty-four-hour concentration distributions was re-
tined and applied to calculate distribution patterns of
concentration and deposition of SO2 and sulfate over
the area between 35N and 45N and between 75W and
85W for January 25 and July 11,1976. The calculated
concentrations and the observed concentrations were
compared. A climatological model of long-range trans-
Port of S02 and sulfate was also refined to calculate
average monthly distributions of SO2 and sulfate con-
centrations as well as the acidity of precipitation due to
sulfate and the budget of sulfur over eastern North
America. The model has been applied for the months
°< January 1977 and March 1979 over the area be-
ween 35N and 55N and between 62W and 95W. The
results are described. Empirical studies of precipitation
chemistry data were conducted and indicate that inclu-
sion of NOx/NO3 in the long-range transport model is
'mportant to improve the predictability of precipitation
acidity.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates,
Mathematical models, 'Transport theory,
ConcentrationfComposition),
precipitation(Meteorology), Acidity, Graphs(Charts).
PB82-101783 PC A02/MF A01
Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emissions of a Metha-
npl-Fueled Chevette,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
H. Anthony Ashby. May 81,7p' EPA-AA-TEB-81-23
This report presents the results of a series of tests
conducted over a period of several months on a 1979
Chevrolet Chevette powered by anhydrous methanol.
Baseline tests with gasoline were also conducted
about three months before the methanol test series
began. The exhaust emissions from this car were
greatly affected by air-fuel ratio and state of tune. Dri-
veabilrty was not good during most tests when CO met
Federal standards. The best optimized adjustments
Save a 10 percent better energy efficiency on pure
methanol than on gasoline with approximately similar
exhaust emission levels.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Automotive fuels, 'Carbin-
ols, 'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust emissions, Perform-
ance evaluation, Statistical data, Chevrolet Chevette
automobiles, Motor vehicles(1979 models).
£882-101908 PC A07/MF A01
Example Emission Inventory Documentation for
1982: Ozone Stats Implementation Plans (SIPs).
engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
Mar81,148p EPA-450/4-80-033
Contract EPA-68-02-3506
Prepared in cooperation with Peat, Warwick, Mitchell
ana Co., Washington, DC.
This report contains example documentation showing
the items and format required as part of the VOC/NOx
emission inventory submittals for the 1982 ozone SIPs.
EPA's summary reporting tables are exemplified. Doc-
umentation on point, area, and highway vehicle
sources is included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, Exhaust
emissions, Inventories, Sources, Coatings, Solvents,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Emission in-
ventories, 'State implementation plans, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Implementation air pollution plan-
ning programs, Point sources.
PB82-101932 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modeling of SO2 Oxidation In Smog. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
David F. Miller. Jun 81,150p EPA-600/3-81-040
Grant EPA-R-805335
Smog chamber experiments were conducted to inves-
tigate the (1) kinetics of free radical reactions of S02 in
smog and (2) S02 transformation to sulfate for atmos-
pheric simulations. Rate constants were derived for
the following reactions: S02+HO+M yields sulfate
(60), S02+H02 yields sulfate (61), SO2+CH302
yields sulfate (64); k(60) = 1600 K(61 less than 0.2,
k(64) less than 0.8 ppm min. Oxidation of SO2 by HO
led exclusively to paniculate sulfate. Even under favor-
able NOx conditions, paniculate nitrate was not a
product. Hydrocarbon mixtures typical of urban envi-
ronments promoted SO2 oxidation faster than hydro-
carbons selected to represent rural conditions. Maxi-
mum rates of SO2 oxidation occurred during periods of
peak NO2 formation. SO2 oxidation rates for aged
smog were 25-35% of the maximum values. Model
calculations indicated that reaction 60 dominates sul-
fate production from S02 in polluted air. Models that
adequately estimate (HO) in smog should suffice to ap-
proximate the conversion rates. The model used in this
study indicated that SO2 oxidation depends strongly
on solar radiation intensity and pollutant conditions.
For clear-sky and a variety of HC-NOx conditions,
maximum SO2 conversion rates ranged from 3.7-
7.4%/hr. Models used to simulate reactions in power
plant plumes showed that S02 oxidation is strongly
dependent on plume dispersion rates coupled to the
same parameters governing SO2 oxidation in ambient
air. Generally the rates of SO2 oxidation in plumes are
bound by the ambient rates, although exceptions will
occur for certain HC-NOx conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Smog, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Oxi-
dation, 'Mathematical models, Reaction kinetics, Sul-
fates, Chemical reactions, Test chambers, Hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides.
PB82-102104 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Mexico, Water
Year 1979. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 78-30
Sep 79.
Geological Survey, Albuquerque, NM. Water Re-
sources Div.
Sep 80,760p USGS/WRD/HD-80/069, USGS-WDR-
NM-79-1
See also report for water year 1978, PB80-160864.
Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico.
Water resources data for the 1979 water year for New
Mexico consist of records of discharge and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, contents and water qualify of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity in wells and springs. This report contains discharge
records for 229 gaging stations; stage and contents for
24 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 97 gaging
stations, 13 partial-record stations, 2 reservoir, 18
springs and 143 wells; and water levels for 86 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 126 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 2 low-flow partial-record stations.
Additional water data were collected at various sites,
not part of the systematic data collection program, and
are published as miscellaneous measurements. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in New
Mexico.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
Mexico, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-102112 PCA16/MFA01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey. Volume 1:
Atlantic Slope Basins, Hudson River to Cape May.
Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
Jun 81,374p USGS/WHD/HD-81 -057, USGS-WRD-
NJ-80-1
See also Volume 2, PB82-102120. Prepared in coop-
eration with New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Pro-
tection, Trenton.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 75 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for one (1) station; stage and
contents for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for
84 surface-water sites and 108 wells; and water levels
for 34 observation wells. Also included are data for 43
crest-stage partial-record stations; 22 tidal crest-stage
gages; and 47 low-flow partial-record stations. Addi-
tional water data were collected at various sites, not
part of the systematic data collection program, and are
published as miscellaneous measurements. These
data represent that part of the national water data
system operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in New
Jersey.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
Jersey, Water quality, Stream flow, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Hudson River, Flow rate, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels. Atlantic
slope basins.
PB82-102120 PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey. Volume 2:
Delaware River Basin and Tributaries to Delaware
Bay. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
Jun 81, 298p USGS/WRD/HD-81-058, USGS-WRD-
NJ-80-2
See also Volume 1, PB82-102112, and report dated
1979, Volume 2, PB81-119810. Prepared in coopera-
tion with New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protec-
tion, Trenton.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 27 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 3 stations; stage and con-
tents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 59
surface-water sites and 95 wells; and water levels for
16 observation wells. Also included are data for 27
crest-stage partial-record stations, 7 tidal crest-stage
gages, and 19 low-flow partial-record stations. Addi-
tional water data were collected at various sites, not
part of the systematic data collection program, and are
published as miscellaneous measurements. These
data represent that part of the national water data
system operated by U.S. Geological Survey and coop-
erating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
Jersey, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Delaware River Basin, 'Water quality
data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB82-102286 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Density Levels of Pathogenic Organisms In Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Sludge: A Literature Review.
Final rept,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dana C. Pedersen. Sep 81,298p EPA-600/2-81 -170
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
This report presents a critical review of the literature
from laboratory and full scale studies regarding density
December 1983 1163
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
levels of Indicator and pathogenic organisms in munici-
pal wastewater sludges and septage. The effective-
ness of conventional municipal sludge stabilization
processes (mesophllic anaerobic and aerobic diges-
tion, composting and lime stabilization) and dewater-
Ing processes (drying beds, lagooning/storage, and
sludge conditioning/mechanical dewatering) was eval-
uated for reducing density levels of indicator and path-
ogenic organisms. To accomplish this objective, a
comprehensive review was performed of all literature
published on this topic between 1940 and 1980. An
annotated bibliography presents all citations reviewed,
with pertinent abstracts and methods used by re-
searchers.
Keywords: * Sewage sludge, *Density(Mass/volume),
'Reviews, 'Microorganisms, Stability, Bibliographies,
Dewatering, Solid waste disposal, Land disposal.
PB82-102294 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Halogen* on 'Glardla' Cyst Viability.
Rept. for Aug 78-Dec 80,
Oregon Univ. Health Sciences Center, Portland.
Ernest A. Meyar. Sep 81,25p EPA-600/2-81 -174
Grant EPA-R-806032
The objective of this research was to determine the
effect of chlorine and other disinfecting agents on
Glardla lamblia cyst viability. The agents studied in-
cluded free residual chlorine and six different methods
recommended for emergency disinfection of small
quantities of water. The effect of chlorine concentra-
tion on Giardia lamblia cyst viability was tested under a
variety of conditions. At 25C, 1.5 mg/l chlorine for 10
min killed all cysts at pH 6, 7, and 8. At 15C, 2.5 mg/l
for 10 mln killed all cysts at pH 6; but at pH 7 and 8,
small numbers of viable cysts remained after 30 min,
but not after 60 min. At 5C, 1 mg/l chlorine for 60 min
failed to kill all cysts at any pH tested. Contact with 2
mg/l chlorine for 60 min killed all cysts at pH 6 and 7,
but not at pH 8. A chlorine concentration of 4 mg/l
killed all the cysts at all three pH values after 60 mm,
but not after 30 min. A chlorine dose of 8 mg/l killed all
cysts at pH 6 and 7 aftr 10 min contact and at pH 8
after 30 min. The ability of six small-quantity water dis-
infection methods to destroy Giardia cysts was also
studied. Two water qualities (cloudy and clear) and two
temperatures (3 and 20C) were tested. At 20C, using
cloudy and clear water, all of the methods proved com-
pletely effective. But, at 3C in cloudy water, one
method (saturated iodine) was not completely effec-
tive, and in clear water, four methods (bleach, Globa-
line, tincture of iodine and saturated iodine) failed to
destroy all the cysts. The failure of these methods ap-
peared to be related to either an insufficient halogen
residual or contact time.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Disinfection, Potable
water, Microorganisms, Chlorination, pH, Iodine, Per-
formance evaluation, Halogens, Parasites, Zoomasti-
glna, Microorganisms, 'Giardia lamblia.
PB82-102302 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Impediment* to Energy and Materials Recovery
Faculties for Municipal Solid Waate. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., and Fritz W. Efaw. Sep 81,
229p* EPA-600/2-81-181
Contract EPA-68-03-2761
Prepared in cooperation with Franklin Associates, Prai-
rie Village, KS.
Public anticipation that recycling would eventually
solve the solid waste disposal problem, and simulta-
neously conserve natural resources, has persisted
since enactment of the Resource Recovery Act of
1970 (P.L. 91-512). Progress toward these goals has
fallen considerably behind initial expectations, howev-
er. Various explanations for the slow progress have
been suggested, and federal research has focused
mainly on the technological difficulties associated with
resource recovery. In 1978 the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency contracted with Mathtech, Inc., a
subsidiary of Mathematics, to study the impediments
to recycling municipal solid waste. The eight facilities
selected for Indeptn analysis represented a cross-sec-
tion of technologies, ownership types, geographical lo-
cations, and recovered products. None of the facilities
were economical in the context of providing the least
cost mode of disposal, and all eight facilities experi-
enced net operating losses. A major impediment en-
countered by most of the facilities was competition
from lower-cost landfills.
Keywords: 'Sewage, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials
recovery, 'Fuels, Recirculation, Technology, Econom-
ic analysis, Sites.
PB82-102310 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Engineering and Economic Assessment of Auto-
heated Thermophlllc Aerobic Digestion with Air
Aeration. Final rept.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
Sep 81,48p EPA-600/2-81 -171
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
A major disadvantage of aerobic digestion is that it re-
quires long detention times, particularly in colder cli-
mates, to insure adequate stabilization. Autoheated
thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) offers the po-
tential to decrease the required detention time. ATAD
takes advantage of the heat generated by microorga-
nisms as they degrade organic material. Heat losses
are controlled so that the system will be self heating
(authothermal) and reach thermophilic range (at least
45C). This study performs engineering and economic
analyses of earlier work done on ATAD. ATAD has
been shown to be feasible with a mixture of thickened
waste activated and primary municipal sludge. ATAD
systems appear economical compared with ambient
aerobic digestion and anaerobic digestion. The system
is also more effective in decreasing the pathogen con-
tent of sludge. However, further testing is needed to in-
vestigate the proper selection of an aerator. These
studies should provide designers with adequate design
tools so that the system capabilities could be maxi-
mized.
Keywords: 'Aerobic processes, 'Sludge digestion,
Active sludge process, Sewage sludge, Economic
analysis, Assessments, Feasibility, 'Autoheated ther-
mophilic aerobic digestion process, 'Organic material,
'Sludge treatment, Solid wastes.
PB82-102328 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Burning Coal In Catalytic Combus-
tors. Final rept. May-Nov 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
P. M. Goldberg, E. K. Chu, and J. T. Kelly. 1981,93p
EPA-600/7-81-150,, IERL-RTP-1248
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
The report gives results of a study, showing that pul-
verized coal can be burned in a catalytic combustor.
Pulverized coal combustion in catalytic beds is mark-
edly different from gaseous fuel combustion. Gas com-
bustion gives uniform bed temperatures and reaction
rates over the entire bed length; however, depending
on flow conditions and bed geometry, little combustion
may occur downstream of the bed. For the bed con-
figurations, fuel supplies, and test conditions studied,
pulverized coal combustion results in significant tem-
perature and reaction gradients over the bed length
and substantial combustion downstream of the bed.
Thus, for pulverized coal combustion, the bed acts
mainly as a combustion initiator and stabilizer. A signif-
icant portion of the combustion process, primarily that
associated with char burnout, occurs downstream of
the bed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Catalysis, 'Coal,
Feasibility, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Pulverized fuels, Performance evaluation.
PB82-102336 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Wactewater Dechlorlnatlon State-of-the-Art Field
Survey and Pilot Studies. Final rept. Jun 73-Sep 79,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
Ching-lm Chen, and Henry B. Gan. Sep 81,104p EPA-
600/2-81-169
Contracts EPA-14-12-150, EPA-68-03-2745
A study of dechlorination was conducted in the County
Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County to deter-
mine the utility and efficiency of the sulfur dioxide
method and to provide a cost-effectiveness compari-
son of sulfur dioxide and two other methods of dech-
lorination, namely, activated carbon and holding tanK
processes. Study objectives were accomplished
through three mam phases of work: literature review,
pilot-scale testing, and full-scale evaluation in the field.
The pilot-scale testing indicated that no degradation of
physical and chemical water quality occurred in the
dechlorinated effluents from any of the three dechlor-
ination processes investigated. However, a one to two
order of magnitude increase in total coliform density in
the 10-minute samples following dechlorination was
commonly observed among the three dechlorination
processes. The increase seemed to originate from
contamination by the existing microorganism commu-
nities in the dechlorinated effluent rather than from the
reactivation of injured bacterial cells. The field survey
involved the canvassing of 55 operating plants in Cali-
fornia by mail, telephone, and site visits to selected fa-
cilities. Although overdosing of sulfur dioxide was fre-
quently necessary to meet the residual chlorine dis-
charge standards, most installations found pH adjust-
ment and reaeration of the dechlorinated effluent un-
necessary. Process cost estimates indicated that
sulfur dioxide process is the most cost-effective
method for dechlorination.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Chlorination, 'Sulfur
dioxide, Surveys, Pilot plants, Field tests, Cost analy-
sis, Performance evaluation, 'Dechlorination, State of
the art.
PB82-102344 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Parasites In Southern Sludges and Disinfection by
Standard Sludge Treatment,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. School of Public
Health and Tropical Medicine.
R. S. Reimers, M. D. Little, A. J. Englande, D. B.
Leftwich, and D. D. Bowman. Sep 81, 203p EPA-600/
2-81-166
Grant EPA-R-805107
Major objectives were to: (a) assess types and densi-
ties of parasites in municipal wastewater sludges In the
southern United States, (b) investigate the inactivation
of parasites by lime stabilization of sewage sludges
seeded with selected intestinal parasites, (c) assess
conventional sewage sludge treatment processes
from laboratory and field data for the control of para-
sites. Sludge samples examined in each of the four
seasons from 27 municipal wastewater treatment
plants indicated the following: (a) viable eggs of Asca-
ris and Toxocara were observed at least once from
every plant; (b) viable eggs of T. vulpis and T. trichiura
were observed at least once from 26 and 15 plants, re-
spectively, and (c) viable eggs of at least 10 other hel-
minths and cysts of a few protozoa were observed In
fewer numbers and less frequently. Certain drying bed
conditions such as previous sludge stabilization, high
temperature, and low moisture content appear to inac-
tivate parasite eggs synergistically between 60% to
5% sludge moisture content. Laboratory studies indi-
cate that destruction of resistant parasite eggs is pri-
marily due to temperature and not to a specific diges-
tion process. The application of lime to primary, aero-
bic digested, and anaerobic digested sludge was
found to be effective with greater than 80% reduction
of Ascaris viability in 5 days following aerobic digestion
at a lime dosage of about 1,000 mg/gram of sludge
solids. Laboratory experiments showed that at certain
combinations of ultrasonic frequency intensity, and ex-
posure time Toxocara eggs could be destroyed.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Parasites, 'Disinfec-
tion, Assessments, Calcium oxides, Aerobic process-
es, Anaerobic processes, Solid waste disposal, Sludge
digestion, 'Sludge treatment, Ascaris, Toxocara
vulpis, Toxocara trichiura.
PB82-1023S1 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fuel NOx Control by Catalytic Combustion. Final
rept. Oct 78-Apr 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
E. K. Chu, K. D. Seifert, R. M. Kendall, and J. P.
Kesselring. Sep 81,103p EPA-600/7-81-151,, IERL-
RTP-1247
Contract EPA-68-02-2611
1164 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
I1]6 report gives results of an experimental study to:
u; Define operating conditions for catalytic combus-
K* ^at 9lve low I6*619 of NOx emissions 'or fuel-
opund nitrogen compounds, and (2) quantitatively de-
hnlirne the fate ot fuel nitrogen during catalytic com-
32r?n- Tests were conducted with platinum and
nickel oxide catalysts over a range of test conditions,
"8|ng ammonia and methylamine as model fuel nitro-
aen compounds. Fuel NOx emissions were found to be
strongly dependent on catalyst type; however, varying
mass throughput, bed temperature, fuel, and fuel nitro-
gen type had virtually no effect on fuel NOx. The domi-
nant nitrogenous products resulting from the catalytic
combustion of a nitrogen-containing fuel were NO, N2,
Nn3, and HCN.
Kg/words: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
-S^'yste. Platinum, Nickel oxides, Nitrogen
owoe(NO), Nitrogen, Ammonia, Hydrogen cyanide, In-
austnal wastes, Combustion products, Path of pollut-
PB82-102401 PC A10/MF A01
"jvironmnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
"nice of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
potential Water Quantity and Water Quality Im-
r*vt« of Power Plant Development Scenarios on
"•for Rivers In the Ohio Basin,
Unio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
|- Downey Brill, Jr., Shoou-Yuh Chang, Robert W.
R^ssie. and Randolph M. Lyon. Apr 81 , 225p EPA-
600/7-81-045
grant EPA-R-805588
prepared by Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
This report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
oasin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
refection Agency. Water consumption levels associ-
ated with power plant cooling were estimated for differ-
ent energy development scenarios for the Ohio River
» 5 ' P°'errtial impacts of power plant consumption
ana pollutant emissions on ambient water quality were
™so estimated. Cumulative water consumption was
Compared to the 7-day 10-year low flow values for vari-
ous locations along the tributaries and main stem of
J"8 Ohio River. The total potential consumption asso-
ciated with projected municipal and non-power indus-
jnai use was also evaluated. Potential water quality im-
pacts were estimated by assuming that constituents
were conservative and were concentrated as a result
w consumptive losses; this simplified approach led to
"few insights. The projected cumulative effects of
Power plant cooling generally appear minor (e.g., less
jnan 1 o% of low flows), although in some cases the el-
'ects would be much greater. For example, Scenario 1
specifies dispersed plant locations to ameliorate air
Pollution impacts, but more plants are located on the
smaller tributaries and the potential water qualify im-
pacts would be greater than under other scenarios. In
aeneral, potential Impacts on water quality would result
mainly from plant consumption; thus, such impacts
would generally be small in comparison to background
levels although exceptions are noted.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Electric power plants,
Water consumption, Concentration(Composition),
^nto Basin, Sewage, Irrigation, Cooling systems, As-
sessments, Scenarios, 'Water quality, Numerical solu-
£682-102435 PC A10/MF A01
tnvironmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
impact of Topographic Circulations on the Trans-
Port and Dispersion of Air Pollutants. Final rept.
Oct/B-AprBi;
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences.
Roger A. Pielke, and Richard T. McNider. Aug 81 , 224p
EPA-600/4-81-068
Grant EPA-R-806207
A numerical mesoscale model is utilized to examine
slope flows and the classic mountain-plain circulation
|or idealized topography. Special emphasis is given to
turbulent parameterization in the stable boundary layer
and the unique characteristics of turbulent mixing in
!"« slope flows. The numerical simulations for ideal-
tted valley-plain configurations produced results con-
sistent with observations such as shallow sidewall
lows, the pooling of cool air in the valley, and a deep
mountain flow out of the valley. A Lagrangian particle
model, operating in the terrain following coordinate
system of the mesoscale model, was developed to ex-
amine pollutant transport in the modeled circulations
while a Markov statistical process was used to evalu-
ate turbulent dispersion. Higher order turbulence pa-
rameters needed for the statistical model were directly
computed from the numerical model. Results of dis-
persion tests in the modeled slope flows showed en-
hanced vertical dispersion in the slope flows com-
pared to flow over a flat boundary, and, importantly,
that normal surface scaling parameters for pollutant
dispersion such as friction velocity were Inappropriate
for the slope flows.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'To-
pography, Transport properties, Diffusion.
PB82-102468 PC A03/MF A01
An Energy Demand Model for Light-Duty Vehicles,
with Concepts for Estimating Fuel Consumption.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Terry Newell. Apr 81,34p EPA-AA-SDSB-81 -2
This report describes the development of the energy
demand modeling program, the use of the program,
and the verification of using the energy demand con-
cept to estimate vehicle fuel consumption. In addition,
several applications of the model are presented and
other potential applications are discussed.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Automobiles, Mathe-
matical models, Computer programs, 'Energy models,
Energy demand.
PB82-102476 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Potential Atmospheric Carcinogens, Phase 2/3:
Analytical Technique and Field Evaluation. Final
rept.Nov78-Oct80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
D. S. West, F. N. Hodgson, J. Brooks, D. G. DeAngelis,
and A. G. Desai. Jun 81,267p MRC-DA-1078, EPA-
600/2-81-106
Contract EPA-68-02-2773
See also report for Phase 1, PB80-131428.
A sampling system was developed for collecting 20
significant probable or possible atmospheric carcino-
gens from ambient air. The sampling system is based
on a combination of solid sorbent materials consisting
of Tenax-GC, Porapak R, and Ambersorb XE-340 ar-
ranged in series. Air samples are drawn through this
system using a Nutech Model 221-1A pump. The
system was evaluated in sampling trips to Los Ange-
les, Niagara Falls, and Houston. The results for the
analyses for the 20 selected compounds as well as ad-
ditional broad-scan data are presented. Analyses of
the samples were accomplished using thermal desorp-
tion of the sorbent materials followed by capillary
column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/
MS). A sample collected in Houston was also analyzed
using a multi-detector capillary column GC system
having a conventional flame ionization detector, a N-P
flame ionization detector, a photoionization detector
and an electron capture detector. A comparison of the
GC/MS and multidetector GC results was made.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Sampling, 'Air pollution,
'Carcinogens, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Field tests, Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), Sorbents, Comparison,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Flame
ionization detectors.
PB82-102484 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Revegetatlng Strip-Mined Land with Municipal
Sewage Sludge. Final rept. Nov 76-Oct 79,
Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Resources, Har-
risburg.
William E. Sopper, and Son|a N. Kerr. Sep 81,162p*
EPA-600/2-81-182
Grant EPA-S-804511
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania State
Univ., University Park. Inst. for Research on Land and
Water Resources.
Three sites representative ot abandoned, barren bitu-
minous and anthracite mines were treated with various
types of municipal sludge at high and low application
rates and broadcast seeded with a mixture of grasses
and legumes. A monitoring system was installed at
each demonstration site to determine the effects of
the sludge applications on groundwater and soil perco-
late water chemical and bacteriological quality, chemi-
cal properties of the soil, and quality and growth of
vegetative cover.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, 'Sludge disposal,
'Sewage sludge, 'Surface mining, Vegetation, Strip
mining, Coal, Land disposal.
PB82-102492 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Granular Activated Carbon Installations. Final
rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Cameron Park, CA.
Russell L. Culp, Justine A. Faisst, and Clinton E. Smith.
Sep 81, 296p EPA-600/2-81 -177
Contract EPA-68-03-2516
This report complies and summarizes design criteria,
performance data, and cost information from twenty-
two operating granular activated carbon (GAC) instal-
lations. These plants produce municipal water for
drinking, treat municipal and industrial wastewaters,
and process food and beverage products. It provides
guidance in estimating the cost of GAC treatment for
public water supplies. The manual is intended for use
in connection with a previous series of EPA reports on
'Estimating Water Treatment Costs' to obtain project-
specific cost estimates. This manual is not a design
manual. Rather, it describes how to obtain design cri-
teria for water systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water treatment,
'Sewage treatment, Food industry, Beverages, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, 'Granular activat-
ed carbon treatment.
PB82-102500 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Federal Initiative for Clean Air: Inspection and
Maintenance.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
Feb 81,87p EPA-907/9-81 -001
Contract EPA-68-02-2535
Errata sheet inserted.
It is the responsibility of the Federal Motor Vehicle
Control Program to regulate new car emissions and to
ensure the production of vehicles that, if properly
maintained, will meet applicable emission standards
throughout their useful life. As a complementary pro-
gram, Inspection/maintenance (I/M) alms at the con-
trol of motor vehicle emissions and the reduction of air
pollution through required periodic inspection of motor
vehicles and maintenance of those that do not pass in-
spection. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) estimates that a properly operated designed I/M
program can reduce auto air pollution emissions by 20-
30 percent after several years of program implementa-
tion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Exhaust emissions, Standards, Carbon mon-
oxide, Hydrocarbons, Sampling, State government,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, *Claan Air
Act Amendments of 1970, State of implementation
plans.
PB82-102518
PC A10/MF A01
I Stor-
oposad
. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 81,213p EPA-450/3-81-003A
Contract EPA-68-02-3063
VOC Emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid !
age Tanks-Background Information for Prop)
Standards. Draft rept.
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid (VOL) storage
tanks are being proposed under the authority of Sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply to all new and existing storage tanks having a ca-
pacity of 75 cubic meters or larger, which are to be
used for the storage of VOL. This document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
December 1983 1165
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Storage tanks,
•Regulations, Standards, Economic impact, Substi-
tutes, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Clean Air Act.
PB82-102526 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Assessment and Control of Chrysolite Asbestos
Emissions from Unpaved Roads. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Raleigh, NC.
Robert K. Serra, and Michael A. Connor, Jr. May 81,
105pEPA-450/3-81-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3059
This document summarizes the findings of field sur-
veys and a test program to assess chrysolite asbestos
emissions generated by vehicular use of unpaved
roads surfaced with crushed serpentinite rock. Includ-
ed in this document are discussions of Federal asbes-
tos regulations, sampling and analysis procedures,
human health effects, and various emission control
techniques. EPA believes that asbestos emissions
which occur from unpaved roads and other dusty
sources surfaced with serpentinite should be reduced
to the greatest extent practical. Local, State, and Fed-
eral agencies responsible for road maintenance in the
limited areas where asbestos emissions occur are in
the best position to assess local conditions and imple-
ment the most appropriate control measures.
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Construction materials, 'Serpen-
tine, 'Air pollution, Asbestos, Serpentinite, Hazards,
'Unpaved roads, 'Fugitive dust.
PB82-102591 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
The Ohio River Basin Energy Facility Siting Model.
Volume I: Methodology,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Gary L. Fowler, Robert E. Bailey, Steven I. Gordon, J.
C. Randolph, and Steven D. Jansen. Apr 81,196p
EPA-600/7-81-042
Grants EPA-R-805588, EPA-R-805589
Sponsored in part by Grant EPA-R-805609. Prepared
by Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. See also PB81-
161788.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. The siting model developed for
ORBES Is specifically designed for regional policy
analysis. The region Includes 423 counties in an area
that consists of all of Kentucky and substantial por-
tions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West
Virginia.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power plants,
Site surveys, Planning, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Vir-
ginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Regional planning,
'Energy facilities.
PB82-103045 PC A06/MF A01
Manual of Ground-Water Quality Sampling Proce-
dures,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Marion R. Scalf, James F. McNabb, William J. Dunlap,
Roger L Cosby, and John S. Fryberger. Sep 81,105p
EPA-eOO/2-81-160
Prepared In cooperation with Engineering Enterprises,
Inc., Norman, OK.
Recent environmental legislation has recognized the
importance of ground water quality protection and the
stresses that man's activities, especially waste dispos-
al, place on this vital national resource. To provide a
realistic assessment of current and potential pollution
environment This report presents some procedures
currently utilized to sample ground water and subsur-
face earth materials for microbial and Inorganic and or-
ganic chemical parameters.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Ground water, 'Water
pollution, Microorganisms, Sampling, Organic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Manuals.
PB82-103268 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
An Economic Analysis of the Electric Utility
Sector In the Ohio River Basin Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL
Patrick C. Mann, and Tom S. Witt. Apr 81,106p EPA-
600/7-81-047
Contract EPA-R-805588
Prepared by West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Bureau
of Business Research.
This report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. The potential effects of these dif-
ferent pricing mechanisms on capacity requirements,
load factors, and fuel costs are discussed, with particu-
lar attention paid to their implications for the ORBES
region.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric utilities, Elec-
tric power demand, Regulations, Prices, Economic
analysis, Rates(Costs), Cost analysis, Illinois, Indiana,
Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Regional
planning.
PB82-103326 PC A02/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions from High-Mileage Catalyst-
Equipped Passenger Cars. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Gary T. Jones. Jul 81,15p* EPA-AA-TEB-81 -20
This report consolidates results from a number of
emission testing programs on in-use passenger cars.
Vehicles from the 1975 through 1981 model years
were involved. The purpose of this effort was to exam-
ine the effect of 'high mileage' on levels of exhaust
emissions. The emission levels from the vehicles in-
volved were examined from four basic views: (1) 'As
received' results of the top 15% (by odometer) versus
similar results from the bottom 15% and 85%; (2) 'as
received' results of vehicles with over 50,000 miles
versus those with under 50,000; (3) the effects of re-
storative maintenance on high mileage vehicles; and
(4) the effects of catalyst replacement on high mileage
vehicles. The results show that the high mileage vehi-
cles exhibit higher average HC and CO emissions than
the lower mileage vehicles. The higher emission levels
appear to be due to an increased rate of maladjust-
ments, disablements and defective parts. It was also
found that on the average, catalytic converters remain
active beyond a vehicle's statutory 'useful life' of
50,000 miles and that restorative maintenance is an ef-
fective method to reduce average emission levels.
Even further reductions were possible, especially In
HC, through replacement of the catalytic unit
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Auto-
mobiles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Mainte-
nance, 'Catalyst reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB82-103334 PC A09/MF A01
Assessment of the Region V Water Monitoring
Activities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Jan 81,179p EPA-905/4-81 -001
A review has been completed of the water monitoring
activities within the Region to determine the adequacy
of existing monitoring activities to meet program
needs. Following a determination of program needs
and an identification of the programs and program ob-
jectives established to satisfy those needs, an assess-
ment was made of both the State and Federal activi-
ties against the program objectives. Evolving issues,
primarily the need to develop monitoring capability for
toxics and hazardous materials were also reviewed. In
addition, the changing direction in resource utilization
evident from strategy papers under development by
Headquarters have also been taken into consider-
ation. From this assessment and review, findings and
recommendations were formulated which lead to a
monitoring management strategy which will result in
the coordination of resource utilization and the re-di-
rection of monitoring resources needed to ensure a
meaningful data base for use by program managers
during the period 1981-1985. The findings, recommeri"
dations and strategy are described in Chapters 1 ana
2. The supporting information on program needs, mon-
itoring program objectives and the assessment of cur-
rent programs are described in the Appendices. The
base year for the review was CY 1979.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Assessments,
Reviews, State government, *EPA region 5, 'Water
pollution sampling, 'Water quality.
PB82-103573 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. .
Environmental Assessment: Source Test ana
Evaluation Report - Coal Preparation Plant No. 2-
Final rept. Sep 79-Mar 81,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Buroff, J. Strauss, A. Jung, and L. McGilvray. Apr 81,
304pEPA-600/7-81-071b
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
See also report dated Mar 79-Feb 81, PB81 -239030.
The report gives results and conclusions of a source
test and evaluation program at a coal preparation
plant, representing cleaning plants that process run-of-
mine coal with high pyritic sulfur content, use high
technology coal cleaning processes, operate in a hign-
rainfall environment, and have a low soil-neutralization
potential. The major objective of the program was to
perform an environmental assessment on the plant 8
waste streams and fugitive emissions. Chemical analy-
sis results indicated that all streams, except fugitive
particulates, contained constituents which may have a
potentially harmful health and/or ecological effect. For
streams showing potential for ecological effects, MO
was of concern; for streams showing a potentially
harmful health effect, Mn and Cr were of prime con-
cern. Contrary to previous studies, high NH3 concen-
trations were observed in the leachate. Further investi-
gation of the NH3 source is warranted. Bioassays for
fugitive particulates, sedimentation pond waters, and
fine refuse slurry solid samples indicated moderate bi-
ological effects. For leachates, all health-related
bioassays showed a low or nondetectable effect; how-
ever, the coal and coarse refuse leachate composite
and the pond sediment composite produced a moder-
ate effect on the ecological related algae test.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environment surveys.
Assessments, Technology, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Manganese, Chromium, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Concentration(Composition), Leak-
age, Desulfurization, Leaching, Bloassay, Ecology-
Chemical analysis, Sampling, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Solid wastes, Fugitive emissions.
PB82-103581 PC A03/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology;
Environmental and Economic Aspects of Indirect
Coal Liquefaction Processes: A Report Emphasiz-
ing the Relationship between Product Mix and Ef-
ficiency,
Hoffman-Holt, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Lawrence Hoffman. Sep 81,40p EPA-600/7-81 -153
Contract EPA-68-02-3671
This report covers environmental and economic as-
pects of three indirect liquefaction processes. Specifi-
cally, the following are addressed: U.S. coal resources;
the Lurgi/Methanol, Lurgi/Methanol/Mobil M, and the
Lurgi/Fischer-Tropsch indirect coal liquefaction proc-
esses; and environmental and economic aspects as-
sociated with the considered processes. Even though
our coal resources are considered very large, the lite
expectancy of currently defined reserves would bs
quite limited if we were to derive an appreciable part of
our fossil-fuel-derived energy from coal. The conserva-
tion of coal resources would be affected by conversion
efficiencies, which vary with process and product mix.
For the processes considered, for similar liquid-to-gas
ratio values (product mix), the coal-to-methanol is the
most efficient while the Fischer-Tropsch is the least ef-
ficient. For these processes, the cost per Btu of prod-
uct at reasonable equivalent liquid/gas ratios is great-
est for Fischer-Tropsch and the least for the coal-to-
methanol process.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Economic analy-
sis, Methyl alcohol, Air pollution, Water pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Technology, Thermal efficiency,
1166 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sS?«^ 'Reaction, Lurgi process, Fischer-Tropsch
«yntnesis, Solid wastes.
PC A07/MF A01
p cs Research Lab.. Cincinnati, OH.
I5ft?allonal Water Quality and Health. Final rept.
/ISeP 76-14 May 79,
""nois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. .
p'fcJ Northrop, G. R. Brenniman, S. H. Rosenberg, R.
VafSjIg0"' and C. S. Hesse. Sep 81 , 1 44p EPA-600/
Grant EPA-R-804569
anri 2Ve,ra" oblective of this pilot study was to develop
•jw evaluate methods to determine the effect of qual-
hirtw re,creaWonal waters on the health of persons
°«™ng in those waters. There is little scientific evi-
y«ice upon which to base water quality standards for
n»n ^ 0< Persons using recreational waters for pri-
nSLS°ntact- Results of this study indicated that it is
gobble to recruit families and follow them via tele-
i*u lnterviews over a three-week period with low at-
Si« ; ?, Promotional letter used in conjunction with
"*• atudy had no positive effect in reducing the attri-
JS." rate. The concentrations of the water variables
•rare found to be significantly different (p<0.05) de-
fjKling on the time of day and day of weekend that
were collected. On the whole, there were no sig-
m differences (p>0.05) in the water variables
i measured at five different water sampling loca-
2JW at each beach. This pilot study does not provide
JV information about the relationship of health and
^reattonal water quality. However, a subsequent
(jT-py can now be conducted to survey a large popula-
wn at beaches of differing water quality to evaluate
108 relationship of water quality and health.
a$*°rds: 'Water quality, 'Indicator species, 'Recre-
12°"; Environmental health, 'Water pollution
""actsfHumans).
{£**-103607 PC A05/MF A01
gj^pn Monoxide Commuter Exposure Data
g!^ronrnental Sciences Reseafc^eLab'., Research Tri-
8 e Park, NC.
B. Peterson, Rodney H. Allen, Richard A.
. and Michael B. Rogozen. Aug 81 , 77p EPA-
jl In cooperation with Comp-Aid, Inc., Re-
Triangle Park, NC., and Science Applications,
Los Angeles, CA. Energy-Environment Systems
t concern about carbon monoxide exposure to
""commuter population prompted the U.S. Envlron-
Protection Agency to conduct a five-day field
*o assess the CO exposure to Los Angeles
ters. The purpose of this report Is to document
' field project and to provide the data collected
the project to the public. The data collected
this project Includes measurements of Interior
n monoxide, exterior carbon monoxide and vehl-
r* *Peed for three vehicles traveling typical commute
^Jes during the morning and evening peak traffic pe-
£*"• In addition, hourly average CO measurements
r?T« taken from eight South Coastal Air Quality Man-
rSSjrwnt District fixed-site monitoring stations and six
rjwornla Transportation Agency vans in the proximity
01 "» commuter routes.
: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollution, Exhaust
I^J"""U"B« Sites, Concentration(Composition), Moni-
torir>g, California, 'Los Angeles(California).
- PC A25/MF A01
S™
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in terms of one or more of the following: water loading
In the tubes, air loading over the fins, log mean humidi-
ty difference, outlet water temperature, Reynolds
number, and air-flow rate. Acoustic data were fitted to
a series of curves for each of the eight octave bands.
Attempts to model plume data failed. The report also
describes the test facility, test procedures, instrumen-
tation, data acquisition, and data reduction.
Keywords: "Cooling towers, Tests, Mass transfer,
Heat transfer, Plumes. Pollution, 'Mechanical draft
cooling towers.
PBB2-103789 PC A19/MF A01
Proposed Issuance of a New Source National Pol-
lutant Discharge Elimination System Permit to
Mississippi Chemical Corporation, Hardee County
Phosphate Mine, Hardee County, Florida. Draft en-
vironmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Aug 81,444p EPA-904/9-81 -058
Prepared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers,
Jacksonville, FL. Jacksonville District. See also PB82-
103797.
Mississippi Chemical Corporation has proposed to op-
erate an open pit phosphate mine and beneficiation
plant and rock dryer on 14850 acres in west central
Hardee County, Florida. Mining and processing will
produce 3 million tons of phosphate rock per year for
32 years. The EIS examines project alternatives, im-
pacts, and mitigative measures related to air, ground-
water, surface water, radiation, ecological, socioeco-
nomic, and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Beneficiation, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Ecology, Ground water, Sub-
stitutes, Comparison, Florida, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, 'Mississippi Chemical Corporation,
'Phosphate rock slime, Hardee County(Florida), Dry
methods, Land pollution.
PB82-103797 PC A21/MF A01
Mississippi Chemical Corporation, Hardee County
Phosphate Mine, Hardee County, Florida. Techni-
cal Support Document. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Aug 81,477p EPA-904/9-81 -058A
See also PB82-103789.
Mississippi Chemical Corporation has proposed to op-
erate an open pit phosphate mine and beneficiation
plant and rock dryer on 14850 acres in west central
Hardee County, Florida. Mining and processing will
produce 3 million tones of phosphate rock per year for
32 years. The EIS examines project alternatives, im-
pacts, and mitigative measures related to air, ground-
water, surface water, radiation, ecological, socio-eco-
nomic, and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Beneficiation, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Ecology, Ground water, Sub-
stitutes, Comparison, Florida, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, 'Mississippi Chemical Corporation,
'Phosphate rock slime, Hardee County(Florida), Dry
methods, Land pollution.
PB82-103813 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removing Water-Soluble Hazardous Material
Spills from Waterways with Carbon. Final rept. Jun
78-Jan 79,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
George R. Schneider. Sep 81,67p EPA-600/2-81-195
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
A model for the removal of water-soluble organic ma-
terials from water by carbon-filled, buoyant packets
and panels is described. Based on this model, equa-
tions are derived for the removal of dissolved organic
compounds from waterways by buoyant packets that
are either (a) cycled through a water column, or (b)
suspended in the waterway by natural turbulence, and
by panels mechanically suspended in waterways.
Computed results are given for phenol spills. The ef-
fects of turbulence on the suspension of buoyant
packets and of turbulent mixing and longitudinal dis-
persion of spills in waterways on the removal of water-
soluble hazardous materials, are considered. Buoyant
packets are found to be ineffective for removing spills
from waterways. The rapid dilution of spills also ren-
ders panels ineffective unless the spill is massive and
the response is rapid.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Mathematical models, Feasibility, Perform-
ance evaluation, Solubility, 'Hazardous materials spill,
Numerical solution.
PB82-103870 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Restoring Hazardous Spill-Damaged Areas: Tech-
nique Identification/Assessment. Final rept.,
Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, VA.
Randall S. Wentsel, Roberta H, Foutch, William E.
Harward, III, William E. Jones, III, and Judith F.
Kitchens. Sep 81,374p EPA-600/2-81-208
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
The goal of this study was to identify and assess meth-
ods that could be used to accelerate the restoration of
lands damaged by spills of hazardous materials. The
literature was reviewed to determine what response
methods had been used in the past to clean up spills
on land and identify other techniques that could be de-
veloped for detoxification of hazardous, spill-damaged
lands. Four biological techniques were evaluated for
accelerating the restoration of spill-damaged lands in
the laboratory for Phase 2. The techniques and the
chemicals used were the following: (1) Enhancement
of microbial degradation by indigenous for chloroben-
zene and ethion organisms. (2) Addition of mixed
microorganisms from primary sewage for formalde-
hyde and aniline. (3) Addition of adapted/mutant mi-
crobial cultures for dinitrophenol and chlordane. (4)
Selective absorption by harvestable plants for lead
and cadmium. The accelerated removal of one or both
chemicals was observed in techniques 2,3, and 4. The
effects of the spilled chemical on the soil chemistry
and microorganisms were also monitored. In Phase 3,
a plan for field testing of techniques 2 and 4 was de-
signed. Recommended land restoration methods for
spills of the 271 hazardous chemicals listed in the Fed-
eral Register (1978) were also compiled in Phase 4.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Pesticides, Chemi-
cal compounds, Assessments, Plants(Botany), Water
pollution, Microorganisms, Soils, Chlorobenzenes,
Formaldehyde, Chlordan, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Ani-
lines, 'Hazardous materials spills, 'Land restoration,
'Biological process, Land pollution, Ethion.
PB82-103888 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Pollution Abatement Alternatives:
Plclllo Property, Coventry, Rhode Island. Final
rept.,
MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA.
Nancy L. Cichowicz, Robert W. Pease, Jr., Paul J.
Stoller, and Harold J. Yaffe. Sep 81,95p EPA-600/2-
81-186
Contract EPA-68-01-5051
This report describes the second phase of a two-
phase investigation undertaken by the MITRE Corp. to
determine the nature and severity of ground and sur-
face water contamination at the Picillo property in Cov-
entry, Rhode Island and to make recommendations for
permanent abatement of the situation. The following
Phase II activities were subsequently carried out to
obtain the necessary additional information and to pro-
vide further elaboration on the problem: Bedrock sam-
pling, installation of bedrock wells, and field permeabil-
ity testing, exploratory excavation of drums, ground-
penetrating radar survey, seismic refraction survey,
and collection and chemical analysis of additional soil,
ground water, and surface water samples.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Ground water, Surface
waters, Rhode Island, Sampling, Soils, Hazardous ma-
terials, Chemical compounds, Substitutes,
Coventry(Rhode Island), Bedrocks.
PB82-103896 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Use of Remote Sensing Techniques In a System-
atic Investigation of an Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Site. Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA.
Nancy L. Cichowicz, Robert W. Pease, Jr., Paul J.
Stoller, and Harold J. Yaffe. Sep 81,79p EPA-600/2-
81-187
Contract EPA-68-01-5051
This report describes the use and evaluation of several
remote sensing techniques in conjunction with direct
sample collection in order to develop a systematic ap-
proach for subsurface investigations at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. Remote sensing techniques
(electrical resistivity, seismic refraction, ground-pene-
trating radar, and metal detection) were employed to
determine the extent (and sequence) to which they
may be integrated with the more conventional meth-
ods of test drilling, installation of monitoring wells, and
excavation for determining information such as the fol-
lowing: nature and extent of ground water contamina-
tion, presence and number of buried drums, topogra-
phy and condition of bedrock, and costs and effective-
ness of several abatement methods. Both the remote
sensing and conventional sampling methods were
used at an abandoned hazardous waste dump in Cov-
entry, Rhode Island.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Remote sensing,
'Water pollution, Sampling, Sites, Ground water,
Rhode Island, Cost analysis, Coventry(Rhode Island),
Bedrocks.
PB82-103904 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Denelflcatlon of Refuse-Derived Fuels: Prepara-
tion, Properties and Systems for Small Communi-
ties. Final rept.,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Jay Campbell, and Marc L. Renard. Sep 81,163p*
EPA-600/2-81-188
Grant EPA-R-804150
Densified refuse-derived fuel (d-RDF) is produced by
compacting refuse-derived fuel (RDF) into agglomer-
ated pieces sufficiently cohesive to sustain storage
and handling. The use of this d-RDF product as a sub-
stitute for coal in spreader-stoker boilers is a develop-
ing resource recovery alternative. This report covers
an investigation of the operation, performance and
product characteristics of a waste shredding and den-
sHication subsystem for production of d-RDF from air-
classified light fraction and provides a technical and
economic evaluation of d-RDF facilities for small com-
munities.
Keywords: Refuse disposal, Solid waste disposal,
Densification, Shredding, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Syn-
thetic fuels, Municipal wastes.
PB82-104670 PC A13/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Twining Water
and Sanitation District Taos County, New Mexico.
Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Aug 81,284p EPA-906/9-81 -002
The Twining Water and Sanitation District has consid-
ered alternatives for wastewater management which
would solve a pollution problem in the high-quality Rio
Hondo watershed of northern New Mexico. The Dis-
trict proposes construction of a new advanced treat-
ment plant with a capacity of 95,000 gallons per day. A
major alternative is to rehabilitate the existing plant
and provide only the capacity needed to treat existing
wastewater flows (83,000 gallons per day). EPA is con-
sidering approval and funding of either alternative (as
well as providing no funding). Many complex issues
bear on EPA's decision, including impacts on water
quality, water supply, and socio-economic conditions.
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
supply, 'Water pollution, 'Environmental impact state-
ments-draft, Social effect, Economic impact, Land use,
New Mexico, 'Sewage treatment plants, Taos
County(New Mexico).
1168 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-104811 PCA04/MFA01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Uffice of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
energy Consumption In the Ohio River Basin
energy study Region, 1974, by End User and Fuel
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Walter P. Page. Apr 81 , 66p EPA-600/7-81 -048
Grant EPA-R-805585
Prepared by West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Bureau
°f Business Research.
This analysis was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study {ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Energy consumption as of 1974 is
calculated for the ORBES region (substantial parts of
"Unois, Indiana, and Ohio, all of Kentucky, most of
West Virginia, and southwestern Pennsylvania). Sub-
8'8te energy consumption information is obtained at
the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) level and ag-
gregated across BEA areas for an approximation to
me ORBES region; a set of factors is applied to allo-
cate Partial BEA area energy consumption to the
URBES portion of a given BEA area. Comparisons
™so are made between regional energy consumption
and energy consumption in the six-state area and the
United States.
Keywords: *Ohio River Basin, "Fuel consumption, Illi-
n°is, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsyl-
vania, Tables(Data), Statistical data, 'Energy con-
sumption.
£882-105073 PC A02/MF A01
emission Characteristics of 1979 and 1980 Call-
jornla Passenger Cars Equipped with Three-Way
£«w»lysts. Technical rept,
tnvironmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
£ary T. Jones, and Matthew M. Macocha. Aug 81 , 18p
EPA-AA-TEB-81-24
This report presents exhaust emissions data gathered
°n in-use vehicles equipped with three-way catalyst
systems. The test vehicles were 1979 and 1980 pas-
™nger cars of various makes and models. Each of the
1 16 vehicles tested was certified to California stand-
ards. The purpose of the program was to gather infor-
JTation on current systems in customer use for projec-
ts on the ability of the three-way system to meet
emission standards of the future. The results indicated
"jat vehicles equipped with these systems are capable
°' achieving low exhaust emission levels although high
wels do occur due to defects, deterioration or tamper-
In9 with the emission control equipment.
Keywords;. "Automobiles, "Catalytic converters, 'Ex-
"aust emissions, Air pollution control devices, Motor
v«hioles(1 979 models), Motor vehicles(1 980 models).
£882-105131 PC A14/MF A01
i^rvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mlcroblologlcally-Medlated Mutagenlc Activity of
crude Oil. Final rept. 1976-79,
>-oiorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Microbiolo-
°"ioe A. Cummings, and Ronald C. Gordon. Sep 81 ,
J08p EPA-600/3-81-053
want EPA-R-805041
'prude oil was incubated with raw and sterile river water
samples and assayed for mutagenic activity by the
jwies test to determine the ability of naturally-occur-
"ng freshwater microorganisms to form mutagenic bio-
Degradation products from crude oil. River water sam-
ples supplemented with inorganic salts were incubated
™»h one percent crude oil in Erlenmeyer flasks for 1-6
weeks and 4 and 20C with shaking. Replicate flasks
were extracted at various time intervals with 1,1,2-
wichioro-i ,2,2-trifluoroathane, the solvent evaporated
and the residues taken up in dimethyl sulfoxide for mu-
Jagenicity testing. The extracts were assayed for muta-
genie activity by the plate incorporation method of the
7>rnes test with Salmonella tester strains TA 100, TA
J535, TA 1537, TA 1538 and TA 98. Mammalian liver
""Crosomes were not used in the mutagenlcity test
'Wlem as the oil-degrading microorganisms constitut-
°o the enzyme activation system in this study. Prelimi-
f'ary studies in Colorado with lagoon water and Black
follow, Colorado crude oil showed that frameshift mu-
JaQens were produced during microbial degradation of
H* oil. Studies in Alaska with Chena River water and
Hrudhoe Bay, Alaska crude oil showed that both fra-
meshift and base-pair substitution mutagens were
present in the oil after microbial degradation. Mutagen-
ic activity was not detected in either of the crude oils
tested prior to Incubation. The presence of mutagenic
products may be related to the presence of mutagenic
products in microbiologically-degraded crude oil.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Crude oil, 'Biodeterioration,
'Bacteria, *Mutagenesis, *0il pollution removal.
PB82-105172 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
A Land Use Analysis of Existing and Potential
Coal Surface Mining Areas In the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Daniel E. Willard, Michael A. Ewert, Mary Ellen Hogan,
and Jeffrey D. Martin. Apr 81,136p EPA-600/7-81 -068
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. School of
Public and Environmental Affairs.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. It reports on the land use changes
resulting from the surface mining of coal in the Ohio
River Basin, which depend on the distribution of the
coal, the economic attractiveness of the coal demand,
rigor and effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms, and
the resilience of the existing ecosystems. The three
levels of coal demand assumed are taken from
ORBES scenarios. The study analyzes existing indus-
trial and governmental data on distribution, availability,
and extraction of strippable coal. The history of recla-
mation enforcement and compliance is examined, and
several potential land use results of the Federal Sur-
face Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 are
analyzed. All of these factors are compared to existing
patterns of topography, agriculture, and forestry.
Keywords: "Ohio River Basin, 'Land use, "Coal
mining, "Surface mining, Strip mining, Land reclama-
tion, Regulations, Legislation, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Regional plan-
ning.
PB82-105206 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of a Multldetector Petroleum Oll-ln-
Water Monitor. Final rept. May 78-Jan 81,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Robert W. Melvold. Sep 81,90p EPA-600/2-81-206
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
This research report describes an effort to develop a
prototype petroleum oil-in-water monitoring system
that will continuously measure oil (whether free, sus-
pended, dissolved, or emulsified) in water carrying a
variety of potential interfering substances. An exten-
sive desk-top survey of commercially available oil
monitors was carried out. Three devices were selected
for thorough laboratory evaluation: (1) Sigrist Fluores-
cence Monitor Model FU, (2) CE Invalco D.O.W. Moni-
tor, and (3) Horiba OCMA-25 Oil Content Monitor. The
laboratory evaluation of the three oil detectors forms
the majority of this report. The work is described in
detail, including the construction of a flow loop and its
operation, the installation of the selected detectors in
the breadboard system, the development of a data re-
trieval system, the calibration methodology employed,
the initial checkout of the detectors, and the extensive
multidetector evaluation of each detector's perform-
ance for quantifying petroleum oil In the presence of
impurities and other interferents. Included is a compre-
hensive discussion of results and conclusions derived
from the data reduction phase of the work. The inter-
ferent effect and the sensitivity, linearity and accuracy,
repeatability, response speed, and reliability of each
detector are described In detail. Recommendations for
a preliminary design for the prototype system and a
suggested program plan to develop It are also given.
Keywords: 'Detectors, 'Petroleum products, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Oil pollution, 'Water
pollution detection, Sigrist fluorescence monitor model
FU, CE Invalco D.OM. monitors, Horiba OCMA 25
content monitors.
PB82-105214 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of a Treatment Lagoon for Combined
Sewer Overflow. Final rept. Jul 79-Oct 80,
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston, MA.
Daniel J. Connick, William C. Pisano, and Gerald L.
Aronson. Sep 81,117p EPA-600/2-81 -196
This report summarizes the results of a two year study
aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a 143 MG fac-
ultative lagoon for treating combined sewer overflow
and polishing secondary wastewater treatment plant
effluent. The lagoon performance was evaluated for
changes in the degree of aeration. This parameter has
the dual function of mixing the lagoon and increasing
the oxygen levels above that provided by natural
reaeration. The pollutant removal performance of the
lagoon was evaluated for different discharge levels/
detention periods. The effects of the stormwater load-
ings on lagoon performance were assessed so as to
determine the buffering capacity of the lagoon for
treating volumes of highly polluted intermittent flow. A
full scale 18 MGD application of state-of-the-art disin-
fection technology was utilized for bacterial reduction.
Sequential applications of chlorine and chlorine diox-
ide were made to lagoon effluent waters for optimiza-
tion of dose rates and delay times between applica-
tions.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Overflows, 'Combined
sewers, Performance evaluation, Aeration, Oxygen,
Disinfection.
PB82-105230 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Techniques for Handling Landborne Spills of
Volatile Hazardous Substances. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. Brown, R. Craig, M. Edwards, N. Henderson, and T.
J. Thomas. Sep 81,101p EPA-600/2-81-207
Contract EPA-68-02-1323
Response needs of teams charged with handling spills
of hazardous volatile materials on land are considered
by Battelle-Columbus. Items of hardware which could
be adapted or developed to improve spill response ca-
pabilities are suggested. The report examines the
available technology (and the lack thereof) being em-
ployed in current spill responses. An assessment of
the phenomena that accompany spill volatilization is
provided to determine and justify physical/chemical
mechanisms that could potentially be used to control
the hazards arising from volatility. As a result, approxi-
mately 60 items of hardware, which either exist or
could be developed to improve hazardous volatile spill
control responses, are discussed. A set of spill scenar-
ios Is developed to compare the new suggested tech-
nology items with current spill response procedures.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Technology, Assessments, Volatility, Cryogenics,
'Hazardous materials spills.
PB82-105479 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot Field Studies of FGD Waste Disposal at Lou-
isville Gas and Electric. Final rept. May 76-Aug 79,
Louisville Gas and Electric Co., KY.
R. P. Van Ness, A. L. Plumley, N. C. Mohn, C. H.
Ullrich, and D. J. Hagerty. 1981,314p EPA-600/7-81-
155,,IERL-RTP-1252
Contract EPA-68-02-2143
Prepared in cooperation with Combustion Engineering,
Inc., Windsor, CT. Kreisinger Development Lab., and
Louisville Univ., KY. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
The report gives results of pilot field studies of flue gas
desulfurizatlon (FGD) waste disposal at Louisville Gas
and Electric Co. The studies showed that property pre-
pared landfill from FGD sludge/fly ash mixtures can
prevent trace element contamination of underlying
groundwater. Analyses of leachates from the landfill
Impoundments studied showed that trace elements on
the RCRA list of contaminants were found in concen-
trations below those proposed to characterize,hazard-
ous or toxic wastes. Decreasing concentrations, with
time, of trace contaminants were observed In both
leachate and runoff samples from the stabilized sludge
mixtures. Small, synthetically lined, above-ground im-
poundments had higher concentrations of trace con-
December 1983 1169
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
taminants than subsurface impoundments since no at-
tenuation by local soil was provided and vegetation
that might minimize runoff was not established on
these sites. Most sites developed compressive
strengths significantly greater than the minimum re-
quired for recreational or light structural landfill. Water
samples from beneath larger subsurface impound-
ments indicated that the filtering action of soil aids in
decreasing the concentration of contaminants reach-
ing the ground water supply. Certain mixtures have un-
dergone a fixation reaction, reducing the permeability
and minimizing the release of moisture and/or con-
taminants to the surrounding soil.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
•Air pollution control, Earth fills, Water pollution, Flue
gases, Leaching, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Fly ash, Electric power plants, Sampling, Lou-
isville Gas and Electric Company, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Land disposal, Limestone scrubbing.
PB82-105537 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Report of Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludges In the
New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area (Phase
Interstate Sanitation Commission, New York.
Sep 81,82p EPA-600/2-81 -202
Grant EPA-R-804463
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The purpose of this work was to reduce the volume of
municipal wastewater (sewage) sludge in a multiple-
hearth furnance via starved air combustion (pyrolysis)
to determine how it compared with incineration as an
environmentally acceptable method of sludge dispos-
al. Sludge was first dewatered to 35-50 percent solids
content in a plate and frame filter press having ex-
pandable rubber diaphram plates. The dewatered
sludge was then thermally converted to ash and/or
char in a .91 m (36 inch) inside diameter pilot scale
multiple-hearth furnace haying six hearths. Thermal
conversion consisted of incineration at 900 C (1625 F)
and starved air burning (pyrolysis) at 700 C (1290 F) to
900 C (1625 F). Heat contents of the off-gases and the
ash and/or char mixtures were determined. The
amounts of heavy metals retained in the ash and/or
char were determined. Heavy metals retained by each
mode of operation were compared to determine which
process would cause the least air pollution. Toxic or-
ganics in the sludge were reduced below detectable
limits in the ash and particulate emissions. This applied
to all modes of operation. Particulate Emissions from
starved air combustion (pyrolysis) were less than for
incineration in most cases. A cost estimate for conver-
sion of an existing plant to the starved air mode of op-
eration is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Pyrolysis, 'Sewage
sludge, 'Air pollution, New York, New Jersey, Com-
bustion products, Dewatering, Particles.
PB82-105552 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Designing and Conducting Workshops: Lessons
from a Two-Year Project (Onshore Impacts of
Outer Continental Shelf OH and Gas Development:
A Training Project). Final rept.,
American Planning Association, Chicago, IL.
Linda L. Corby, Devon M. Schneider, and John R.
Waxman. Jul 81,79p EPA-600/9-81 -027
Sponsored in part by Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
The report describes the process of developing and
conducting two series of workshops on 'Onshore
Impact of Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Devel-
opment'. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the
workshops from the standpoint of their objectives,
content, teaching methods, workshop materials, facul-
ty, and logistical arrangements. Fifteen 2.5 day work-
shops were held between May 1977 and March 1979,
attracting over 800 local, state and federal officials, oil
industry representatives, and environmentalists from
six different coastal regions. Evaluations by the partici-
pants and the faculty suggest that the workshops were
very successful. The report identifies reasons for this:
(1) early assessment of the information needs of the
participants; (2) clear objectives for each session of
the workshop; (3) effective use of participatory teach-
ing methods; (4) informative workshop matenals and
hand-outs; (5) skilled and qualified workshop faculty;
(6) professional management of workshop logistical
arrangements; and (7) responsiveness to participants'
evaluations.
Keywords: 'Specialized training, 'Regional planning,
Environmental engineering, Meetings, Petroleum in-
dustry, Technology transfer, State government, Local
government.
PB82-105560 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Slick Dispersal Mechanics. Final rept.,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ. Dept. of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering.
Chukwuka A. Osamor, and Robert C. Ahlert. Sep 81,
238p* EPA-600/2-81-199
Grant EPA-R-805901
This study investigates the spreading and dissolution
behavior of small oil slicks formed from spills of 12 oils.
The increases in area covered by the oils during
spreading experiments were determined using photo-
graphic techniques. Spreading equations were derived
and used to correlate experimental data. Derivation of
the equations parallels Fay's development. The rate of
dissolution of the oils in tap water at 25C were investi-
gated by equilibrating oils with water in open static
tests. Limits of solubilities have been established for
the oils from results of long-term equilibration in closed
vessels. Six oils were also equilibrated with salt water.
A segmented mathematical model has been derived
and used to correlate experimental data. The model
describes two processes that occur during equilibra-
tion: soluble and volatile components of oil leach into
solution initially, and later evaporate from solution. Fi-
nally, a detailed description of the mass transfer proc-
ess occurring during chemical dispersion of oil spills
has been made. The primary mechanisms have been
quantified by analogy to homogeneous and heteroge-
neous catalysis and detergency. To evaluate the effec-
tiveness of five commercial dispersants, a large-scale
laboratory system has been designed. Parameters in-
vestigated include oil and dispersant types, oil-to-dis-
persant ratios, degree of agitation, and the effect of
salt water.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Dispersion, Mechanical
properties, Solubility, Evaporation, 'Oil spills, 'Oil
spreading rate.
PB82-105578 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey and Evaluation of Fine Bubble Dome Dlf-
fuser Aeration Equipment. Final rept. Aug 79-Sep
80,
Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies,
Washington, DC.
Daniel H. Houck, and Arthur G. Boon. Sep 81,189p
EPA-600/2-81-222
Grant EPA-R-806990
This research project was initiated with the overall ob-
jective of better defining the oxygen transfer perform-
ance, operation and maintenance (O&M) require-
ments, and proper design approaches for fine bubble
dome diffuser aeration systems used in activated
sludge wastewater treatment. Working in conjunction
with the Water Research Centre of Stevenage, Eng-
land, a survey of 19 wastewater treatment plants with
dome diffuser aeration equipment was carried out.
Thirteen of the plants were located in the United King-
dom, two in The Netherlands, and four in the United
States. As nearly as possible, data on influent and ef-
fluent wastewater characteristics, power demand, air
supply, and process parameters were compiled for a
5-yr period. Maintenance personnel were interviewed
to develop a summary of long-term operation and
maintenance experience. Results of this work indicate
that, relative to other devices, fine bubble dome diffus-
er systems can perform at high energy efficiency when
proper design, operation, and maintenance practices
are followed and when strong alpha-depressing indus-
trial wastes are absent. O&M experience with this
equipment has generally been very good, with 6-10 yrs
or longer, between cleanings. Oxygen transfer per-
formance was found to be highly variable between the
plants. Many plants carried excessive mixed liquor
D.O. in the aeration basins, thereby lowering oxygen
transfer efficiency. Plants with multiple-pass plug flow
basins generally exhibited poorer power economy than
those with single-pass basins.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Aerators,
'Sewage treatment, Energy consumption, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design cnteria, Maintenance, Cost
analyses, 'Dome diffuser aerators.
PB82-105S86 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Detection and Mapping of Insoluble Sinking Pol-
lutants. Final rept. Jun 78-Oct 80,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Raymond A. Meyer, Milton Kirsch, and Larry F. Marx.
Sep 81,92p* EPA-600/2-81 -198
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
A continuous submersible monitor using a cyclically
purged electrical conductivity probe capable of long-
term deployment even when buried in sand or silt has
been conceived, designed, and tested. The submersi-
ble unit, which is battery-powered and has no connec-
tion to the shore-based receiver, will transmit the con-
ductivity data via ultrasonic transmission. The unat-
tended design life of the monitor will be 1 year. Based
upon the reflection principles of high-frequency under-
water acoustics, a commercial 200-kHz depth-finder
system has been extensively modified and tested.
Laboratory tests have indicated that the system is ca-
pable of resolving the echoes from the surface of a 1-
cm-deep layer of carbon tetracrtloride (CCI4) from
those returning from a hard, sandy or muddy bottom.
Field testing indicated that few precursors to the
bottom echo return are present that might mask or
interfere with the detection of an echo from a pollutant
pool. Return echoes were evaluated by 16-mm motion
picture photography and a computer-based compara-
tor-counter technique has been developed for data
management. Recommendations for further develop-
ment and rapid deployment of the pollutant mapping
system are also presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Acoustic detection, 'Underwater sound equipment,
Underwater acoustics, Electrical resistivity.
PB82-10S594 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Urban Stormwater Management and Technology:
Case Study In San Francisco. Final rept. Sep 79-
May 80,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
John A. Lager, Ranjit K. Advani, and Elizabeth M.
Gowen. Sep 81, 59p* EPA-600/2-81-204
Contract EPA-68-03-2877
See also report dated Dec 74, PB-240 687.Color illus-
trations reproduced in black and white.
This report is the fourth in a series on urban storm-
water and combined sewer overflow (CSO) manage-
ment. It presents San Francisco's experience with the
planning, and design of CSO control and treatment fa-
cilities. The development of the San Francisco com-
bined sewer overflow control master plan has been a
continuing process for treatment needs with the costs
and environmental/social impacts in a large urban
area.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Runoffr
'Sewage treatment, 'Urban areas, Mathematical
models, Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Social
effect, Design criteria, California, 'Storm water runoff,
San Francisco(Callfornia), 'SFMAC model, 'Urban hy-
drology.
PB82-105602 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Test Kit for Characterizing Oil-Brine Ef-
fluents from Offshore Drilling Platforms. Final
rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
R. T. Rewick, J. Gates, K. S. Sabo, T. Chou, and J. H.
Smith. Sep 81,42p EPA-600/2-81 -200
Grant EPA-R-806091
This research program was initiated to evaluate test
methods for characterizing oil-brine effluents from off-
shore oil production platforms and to package and de-
liver a field test kit for on-site oil-brine analyses. After
an initial laboratory evaluation and selection of test
methods and equipment, two on-site oil-brine analyses
1170 Vol. 83. No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of production water were conducted in Kenai, Alaska-
one at the AMACO Dillon Offshore Production Plat-
form, and the other at the Shell MGS Joint Onshore
Facility. This report describes the methods developed
•or the field test site, including detailed procedures for
conducting each test method, and the results from the
two on-site analyses.
Keywords: 'Brines, 'Water pollution, 'Offshore drill-
ing, 'Chemical analysis, Field tests, 'Oil pollution, Pro-
cedures.
PB82-105610 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Long-Term Effects of Slow-Rate Land Application
of Municipal Wastewater: A Critical Summary.
Project rep!.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Alax Hershaft, and Bruce Truett. Sep 81,100p EPA-
600/7-81-152
Contract EPA-61-01-5051
Long-term effects of applying partially treated munici-
pal wastewater to croplands were examined at six lo-
cations in the western U.S. All locations had received
wastewater for at least 10 years. The effects on soil,
Qroundwater and crop tissues were measured and
compared with measurements made at nearby control
»tes where crops were irrigated with water from wells
w other conventional sources. Data for some 50 pa-
rameters measured at the six sites are summarized in
jhis report. The data indicate that the soil and plants
wleetively reduce the concentration of most pollutants
m the wastewater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Farm crops, 'Irriga-
"on, Waste water, Soils, Ground water, Potable water,
^oncentrationfComposition), Inorganic nitrates, Nitro-
flen, Municipalities, Manuals, 'Land application, Path
°> Pollutants, 'Sewage irrigation, 'Secondary treat-
ment.
£682-105628 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
(feothermal Effluent Sampling Workshop. Final
[ept.
°enver Research Inst., CO.
Jul 81,60p EPA-600/4-81 -051
Grant EPA-R-807469
This report outlines the major recommendations re-
sulting from a workshop to identify gaps in existing
Jjeothermal effluent sampling methodologies, define
needed research to fill those gaps, and recommend
strategies to lead to a standardized sampling method-
ology.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Sampling, Brines, Methodolo-
9'es, Recommendations, 'Geothermal fluids.
£682-105908 PC A04/MF A01
Current Status of EPA Office of Mobile Source Air
2'onutlon Control Characterization Protect*: Sum-
JWry. Technical rept.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Sfanch.
.Thomas M. Baines. Aug 81,68p Rept no. EPA-AA-
°TAB/PA/81-18
j-fA-OMSAPC is conducting a thorough characteriza-
™°n of {unregulated emissions on a variety of current
ana prototype engines. Extensive work is also under-
way to see now various fuel parameters affect regulat-
ep and unregulated emissions. This latter work in-
cludes prelects on alternate fuels such as methanol as
well as fuels derived from coal or oil shale.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emission,
Fuels, Substitutes, Methyl alcohol, Hydrocarbons,
Particles, Heavy duty vehicles, Light duty vehicles.
JBB2-106982 PC A23/MF A01
"Mtewater Management Plan for the Lake Wash-
mgton/Oreen River Basin*. Final environmental
Wact statement,
environmental Protection Agency. Seattle, WA.
Roger Mochnick. Aug 81,529p EPA-910/9-80-077-F
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.Portions of this document
are not fully legible.
In this final environmental impact statement, the EPA
proposes to approve for federal funding a long-term
wastewater management plan for the Renton study
area. The program includes expansion of the Renton
treatment plant's capacity, and construction of a
tunnel and outfall for treated discharge into Puget
Sound. Of the two locations considered for the outfall,
Alki Point has been chosen as environmentally prefer-
able over Seahurst Park. EPA also recommends addi-
tional studies on the design of the selected route, as
well as on the monitoring procedure for the outfall and
Puget Sound water quality conditions.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Sewage treatment, Sewage disposal, Sludge disposal,
Sewage sludge, Environmental impacts, Green River
Basin, Washington(State), Lake Washington, 'Sewage
treatment plants, Renton(Washington).
PB82-106121 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Comparative Study of Air Classifiers. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
V. Hopkins, B. W. Simister, and G. M. Savage. Sep 81,
294pEPA-600/2-81-221
Contract EPA-68-03-2730
Prepared in cooperation with Cal Recovery Systems,
Inc., Richmond, CA.
This report describes the results of field tests of seven
different air classifier systems. The systems are com-
pared in regard to (a) their capacity to handle refuse
and separate it into a heavy fraction and a light fuel
fraction, (b) their ability to concentrate lights in the light
fraction and heavies in the heavies fraction as com-
pared to the infeed, (c) the quality of the light fraction
for refuse-derived fuel, (d) the yield of combustibles
from the infeed that are collected in the light fraction,
(e) the consumption of air required to handle a given
quantity of infeed, and (f) costs (engineering, capital,
and operation and maintenance) per unit weight of
refuse infeed at design capacity, tests were run on
each classifier at three airflow rates and at 5 to 10
refuse infeed rates. Procedures used to run these tests
are given, and treatment of samples taken from light
and heavy fraction streams is outlined. Each air classi-
fier system is described, operation explained, and con-
clusions and recommendations enumerated.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution, Fuels,
Comparison, Field tests, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Sewage, 'Air classifiers, 'Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-106196 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Community Noise Assessment Manual: Acoustical
Survey of a Community.
Wyle Research, El Segundo, CA.
Jul 81,319p
Contract EPA-68-01-4694
The report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise
Abatement and Control, in support of its function to
provide technical assistance to communities. It is one
of nine which comprises the Community Noise As-
sessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehen-
sive and computerized system for assessing the noise
problems of a community and then planning a noise
control strategy for its abatement. This Manual pre-
sents the technical instructions and guidelines needed
by municipal authorities to carry out an intial noise
survey. This survey will determine average noise levels
and major noise sources for the community as a
Whole. It can be used in planning noise reduction
measures to benefit the entire community or a sub-
stantial portion thereof.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Community develop-
ment, Surveys, Data acquisition, Instructional materi-
als, Abatement, Methodology.
PB82-106212 PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Limestone FQD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Scrub-
bers: User's Handbook. Rept. for Jun 80-Fefa 81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
David S. Henzel, and Bernard Laseke. Aug 81,527p
EPA-600/8-81-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
Prepared in cooperation with Black and Veatch Con-
sulting Engineers, Kansas City, MO.
The handbook, intended for use of utility project man-
agers and project engineers, provides guidance in se-
lection, installation, and operation of a limestone FGD
system, covering all phases from inception of the
project through design, procurement, operation, and
maintenance of the system. It gives detailed accounts
of utility experience with operational limestone scrub-
bing systems. It also deals extensively with optional
process features and with recent innovative process
modifications that enhance the efficiency of the
system. Among the many available processes for de-
sulfurization of flue gas from utility boilers, the lime-
stone wet scrubbing process is widely used and is
being enhanced by numerous technological advances.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Manuals,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Boilers, Revi-
sions, Performance evaluation, 'Limestone scrubbing,
Wet methods.
PB82-106428 PC A10/MF A01
Tallahassee-Leon County Wastewater Manage-
ment, Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. Draft En-
vironmental Impact Statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 81,213p Rept no. EPA-904/9-81-082
This Draft EIS has been prepared in response to
issues raised in opposition to portions of the Tallahas-
see-Leon County 201 Facilities Plan. The EIS address-
es wastewater management needs for growth areas
which will not be served by 201 facilities already ap-
proved by EPA. Alternatives for wastewater manage-
ment in the study area were developed and evaluated
with emphasis on protection of the groundwater re-
sources and sensitive natural systems such as flood-
plains and wetlands. The Draft EIS preferred alterna-
tive includes the expansion of the existing system until
the approved facilities have been constructed. New
growth in wastewater generation will be handled by on-
site systems, small community systems, and by tying
into the existing system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Upgrading, Construction,
Sludge disposal, Environmental impacts, Ground
water, Aquatic plants, Wildlife, Flood plains, Swamps,
'Sewage treatment plants, Leon County(Florida), Al-
ternative planning, Tallahassee(Florida).
PB82-106501 MF A01
Air Quality Data -1980 Annual Statistics Including
Summaries with Reference to Standard*. Annual
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 81,468p EPA-450/4-81-027
Microfiche copies only.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1980. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distribution (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, lead, and ozone. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the ozone standard and monitoring for hydro-
carbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Standards, National govern-
ment, State government, Particles, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons,
Lead(Metal), Ozone, 'Air quality data, National ambi-
ent air quality standards.
December 1983 1171
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-106527 MF A01
National Emissions Report (1979): National Emis-
sions Data Systems (NEDS) of the Aerometrlc and
Emissions Reporting System (AEROS). Annual
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 81,1458p EPA-450/4-81 -029
Microfiche copies only.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: participates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Source
emissions data are reported to the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency under provisions of Section 110 of
the Clean Air Act, as amended 1977, and EPA Regula-
tions, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part
51.321. Summary data are presented for the nation as
a whole, for individual states, and for Air Quality Con-
trol Regions and individual interstate portionsthereof.
The data compilations result from the operations of the
National Emissions Data System (NEDS), which func-
tions as a component of the comprehensive EPA air in-
formation system-the Aerometric and Emissions Re-
porting System (AEROS). AEROS is managed by the
National Air Data Branch, Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards, (J. S. Environmental Protection Agency at Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Keywords: * Air pollution, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, 'Na-
tional emissions data system, Aerometric and emis-
sions reporting system.
PB82-106873
PC A04/MF A01
Directory of Information for Dynamometer Test-
Ing of 1979-1981 Light Duty Motor Vehicles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C. Shelton. Aug 81,62p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -25
See also report dated Oct 80, PB81 -207391.
This report contains information for use in dynamome-
ter testing of 1979 through 1981 model year light duty
vehicles. The information was originally compiled for
use in Emission Factor programs which are conducted
by the Test and Evaluation Branch of the Emission
Control Technology Division. Emission Factor pro-
grams involve testing of large numbers of in-use light-
duty trucks and passenger cars at various locations
throughout the country. An EPA report 'Index to Emis-
sion factor Testing Programs', EPA-AA-TEB-81-3,
contains more information about these programs. The
information contained in this document can be used by
EPA, independent laboratories, and others who con-
duct emission tests on passenger cars and light-duty
trucks for purposes other than certification. The pri-
mary purpose is for laboratories who test vehicles in
Emission Factor programs and for evaluation of retrofit
devices, including fuel additives, oils and oil additives.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Trucks, 'Performance
tests, Dynamometers, Exhaust emissions, Air pollu-
tion, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor vehicles(1979
models), Motor vehicles(1980 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1981 models).
PB82-106881 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Mobile Chemical Company, South Fort Meade
Mine, Polk County, Florida. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Sep 81,38§p EPA-904/9-81 -075
See also PB82-106899.
Mobil Chemical Company has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine, beneficiation plant and transship-
ment facility on a 16,288-acre site in southern Polk
County, Florida. Mining would involve 15,194 acres, all
of which would be reclaimed, and would produce 77
million tons of phosphate products over a 25-year
period. The EIS examines alternatives, impacts and
mitigative measures related to air, geology, radiation,
groundwater, ecology and other natural and cultural
systems.
Keywords: Environmental impacts, Air pollution, Ra-
dioactive contaminants, Ground water, Ecology, Sub-
stitutes, Geology, Florida, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, 'Mobil Chemical Company, 'Phos-
phate mining, Polk County(Florida).
PB82-106899 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Mobile Chemical Company, South Fort Meade
Mine, Polk County, Florida: Supplemental Informa-
tion Document. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Sep 81, 388p EPA-904/9-81 -075A
See also PB82-106881.
Mobil Chemical Company has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine, beneficiation plant and transship-
ment facility on a 16,288-acre site in southern Polk
County, Florida. Mining would involve 15,194 acres, all
of which would be reclaimed, and would produce 77
million tons of phosphate products over a 25-year
period. The EIS examines alternatives, impacts and
mitigative measures related to air, geology, radiation,
groundwater, ecology and other natural and cultural
systems.
Keywords: Environmental impacts, Air pollution, Ra-
dioactive contaminants, Ground water, Ecology, Sub-
stitutes, Geology, Florida, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, 'Mobil Chemical Company, 'Phos-
phate mining, Polk County(Florida).
PB82-107053 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Users Manual for the Social Survey Computer
System.
Computer Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA.
Jul81.229p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3840
The report is one of nine which comprises the Commu-
nity Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides
a comprehensive and computerized system for as-
sessing the noise problems of a community and then
planning a noise control strategy for its abatement.
This Manual consists of a system of computer pro-
grams. It is designed to analyze the raw numbers gen-
erated by the social survey (the attitydinal survey) and
produce from them a series of concise, meaningful re-
ports. The system described in this Manual runs on the
UNIVAC 1110 computer under the EXEC 8 Operating
System as implemented at the EPA's National Com-
puter Center. The programs are written for the
UNIVAC Fortran V computer.
Keywords: 'Attitude surveys, 'Noise pollution, 'Com-
puter programming, Computer programs, Attitudes,
Public opinion, Sociometrics, 'User
manual8(Computer programs), Univac-1110 comput-
ers, Fortran 5 programming language.
PB82-107285 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
On-Slte GC/MS Analysis of Chapman Gasification
Separator Liquor. Final rept. Jul 80-Mar 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C. J. Thielen, R. A. Magee, and R. V. Collins. Aug 81,
45pEPA-600/7-81-136
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report gives results of a characterization of a
wastewater stream from a coal gasification plant, using
on-site extraction and GC/MS analysis. Extractable
material in the wastewater was primarily phenols and
alkylphenols, accounting for about 99% of the total
mass Identified. Several polynuclear aromatic com-
pounds were also identified. The composition of the
sample deteriorated even though the water was held in
amber bottles at 4C: this was most evident in the con-
centration of dimethylphenols which dropped about
75% during 2 weeks of refrigerated storage. Ambient
sample storage produced a greater decrease in the
concentration of phenol, but did not appear to affect
the alkylphenols or the base/neutral compounds as
much. The observed changes in composition should
hamper any off-site wastewater treatbllity studies with
waters of this type. Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) extraction
confirmed the 99-plus % removal efficiency of phenol
which had been demonstrated in previous studies. Wet
oxidation removed organics almost as efficiently as
DIPE extraction, but may have limited use because of
its high operating cost
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Coal gasification, Chemi-
cal analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrosco-
py, Extraction, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Phenols, Stability, Storage, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-107301 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinton, DC.
Solid Waste Data: A Compilation of Statistics on
Solid Waste Management Within the United
States.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
1981,74p'
Contract EPA-68-01 -6000
This report represents a comprehensive compilation of
the most current available information on solid waste
management within the United States. This informa-
tion is presented in tabular form and organized by gen-
eral categories for ease of reference.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse disposal,
Rural areas, Materials recovery, Sewage sludge,
Sludge disposal, Statistical data, Tables(Data),
States(Unlted States), Municipal wastes.
PB82-107483 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Guidelines for the Use of Chemicals In Removing
Hazardous Substance Discharges,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
C. K. Akers, R. J. Pilie, and J. G. Michalovic. Sep 81,
82p* EPA-600/2-81-205
Contract EPA-68-03-2093
This report was undertaken to develop guidelines on
the use of various chemical and biological agents to
mitigate discharge of hazardous substances. Eight cat-
egories of mitigative agents and their potential uses in
removing hazardous substances discharged on land
and in waterways are discussed. The agents are clas-
sified as follows: (1) Mass Transfer Media; (2) Absor-
bents; (3) Thickening and Gelling Agents; (4) Biologi-
cal Treatment Agents; (5) Dispersing Agents; (6) Pre-
cipitating Agents; (7) Neutralizing Agents; and (8) Oxi-
dizing Agents. The classification of each agent is de-
veloped in terms of: (a) Characteristic properties of the
mitigative agent; (b) Potential spill situations on which
the agent could be used; (c) The effects on the envi-
ronment caused by use of the agent; (d) Possible toxic
side effects caused by byproduct formation; and (e)
Recommendations for use of the agent. A counter-
measure matrix that references various classes of miti-
gative agents recommended for treatment of hazard-
ous substances involved in spills near or into a water-
course has been developed and includes a listing of
hazardous chemicals, the corresponding EPA toxicity
classification, and the physical properties of the chemi-
cal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Water pollution control, Byproducts, Physical
properties, Mass, Absorbents(Materials),
Precipitation(Chemistry), Oxidation,
Thickeners(Materials), Neutralizes, 'Chemical treat-
ment, 'Biological processes, 'Land pollution.
PB82-107491 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Options for Resource Recovery and Disposal of
Scrap Tires. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Patricia L. Deese, James F. Hudson, Richard C. Innes,
and Douglas Funkhouser. Sep 81,151p* EPA-600/2-
81-193
Contract EPA-68-03-2725
Currently over 200 million tires are discarded annually
in the United States. In order to devise a means of
dealing with this problem, an extensive background Is
given on the various technologies available for dealing
with discarded tires. These technologies include: re-
treading; using whole tires for reefs, breakwaters, or
barriers, and using shredded tires to produce asphalt-
rubber. In addition, background is given on the use of
both whole and shredded tires as fuel supplements-
Cost analysis of asphalt-rubber and tire-derived fuel
are presented in order to determine the feasibility of
those two alternatives. The tire market structure and
the implications it holds for collection and resource re-
1172 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
coveiy Is Important In all the technologies, and It Is the
main focus of the research, The goal of this report was
to produce a list of public policy options and recom-
mendations for dealing with discarded tires. The au-
thors recommend a product charge on new tires with
the charge revenues distributed to qualified disposers.
Keywords: 'Tires, Technology assessment, Solid
waste disposal, Market surveys, Cost analysis, * Recy-
cled materials.
PB82-107541 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Eltttrlc Rates and Boiler Fuel Choice. Final rept.
May80-Apr81,
gadian Corp., Austin, TX.
K- T. Sherrlli, and J. L. Weatherby, Jr. Sep 81 , 51 p
EPA-600/7-81-157, , IERL-RTP-1242
Contract EPA-68-02-31 71
Prepared In cooperation with Southwest Econome-
W6s, Inc., Austin, TX.
This study was undertaken In response to an EPA/
JERL-RTP request to examine In a 'quick look' fashion
jw economic tradeoffs of using purchased utility elec-
wclty as an alternative to on-slte combustion of fossil
'"els for Industrial steam generation. Specifically, the
""Pacts of marginal or Incremental cost pricing of elec-
wcity and Increasingly stringent Industrial boiler emls-
won controls were examined for a 44 MWt
) Industrial boiler. Data
compared to determine If electricity, despite Its
tower overall thermal efficiency, could be economically
competitive with direct firing of fossil fuels In this size
Bywords: 'Boilers, Economic analysis, Heating, Elec-
•w power, Rates(Costs), Fossil fuels, Steam genera-
tion, Industrial sector, Energy sources.
£M2-107SU PC A04/MF A01
municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
UH.
Attenuation of Polybromlnated Blphenyls and
"'xachlorobenzene by Earth Materials. Final rept.,
"iinpis State Geological Survey Dlv., Champaign.
"•A. Griffin, and S. F. J. Chou. Sep 81 , 60p EPA-600/
QfantEPA-R-804684
The aqueous solubility, adsorption, mobility, and mi-
JJJi hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were studied under
laboratory conditions. Studies indicated that PBBs
ware more than 200 times and HCB more than 2.5
wies more soluble in landfill leachate than In distilled
w.at«r. Also, the solubilities of PBBs and HCB were
Wier in creekwater and landfill leachates than in puri-
;*» waters: this was correlated with a level of dis-
solved organlcs In the waters. HCB showed a greater
wndertcy for adsorption than did PBBs. There was a
"W direct correlation between the total organic
jafbon fTOC) content of soils and the amount ad-
d. PBBs and HCB were strongly adsorbed by the
XE-348, but not so by organic solvents.
°8 an HCB remained immobile when leached with
"•tor or landfill leachate but were highly mobile when
**ched with organic solvents. PBBs and HCB were
'ourtd to be resistant to microblal degradation.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
!•)*. Chlorine organic compounds, Bromine organic
Compounds, Solubility, Transport properties, Adsorp-
!°n, Earth fills, Leaching, 'Polybromlnated biphenyls,
8*raene/hexachloro.
f'B8a.1076«6 PC A06/MF A01
'"dUBtrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
{{•atsblllty Studies of Pesticide Manufacturing
"Mttwaters: Ethyleneblsdlthlocarbamate Fungi-
SWws, Final rept. Jan-Mar 80,
Search Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
£uth A. Zweldinger, Rosemary Batten, R. Wayne
r«idren, Linda W. Little, and Dora Llverman. Dec 80,
SpePA-eOO/2-80-077E, , IERL-RTP-1254
1^-68-02-2688
"•• also report for Feb 78-Mar 80, PB81 -1 69097.
^•report gives results of laboratory and pilot studies
°n the biological treatablllty of wastewaters from the
'manufacture of ethyleneblsdithlocarbamate (EBDC)
fungicide. At concentration levels representative of
EBDC production units and total plant wastewaters
discharged to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) (1 mg/L), results Indicate little reduction In
EBDC levels or In ethylene thlourea (ETU), an Impor-
tant decomposition product of EBDC as a result of bio-
logical treatment. Results of algal (Selenastrum capri-
cornutum) and fish (Daphnla magna) bloassays on the
treated wastewater Indicated Inhibition of algal growth
and fish mobility, although little toxlcity was Indicated.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by the bio-
logical (activated sludge) treatment unit was unaffect-
ed by the fungicide wastewater, although nitrification
was reduced or absent in these units.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Pesticides, Fun-
gicides, Carbamates, Activated sludge process,
Tables(Data), Concentratlon(Composltlon), Algae,
Bloassay, Fishes, * Biological Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Dlthlocarbamlc acld/ethylene-bls, Publicly
owned treatment works, Chemical oxygen demand,
Selenastrum capricornutum.
PB82-107723 PC A09/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
ThlrdEdltlon. Supplement 12.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 81,192p AP-42-ED-3-SUPPL-12
See also Supplement no. 11, PB81-178014.
In this Supplement for AP-42, revised or updated emis-
sions data are presented for Dry Cleaning; Surface
Coating; Storage of Organic Liquids; Solvent Degress-
Ing; Graphic Arts; Consumer/commercial Solvent Use;
Sulfurtc Acid; Beer Making; Ammonium Sulfate; Pri-
mary Aluminum; Secondary Aluminum; Gray Iron
Foundries; Steel Foundries; Secondary Zinc; Asphaltlc
Concrete; Asphalt Roofing; NEDS Source Classifica-
tion Codes and Emission Factor Listing; and Table of
Lead Emission Factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Dry cleaning, Coat-
ings, Storage, Degreaslng, Ammonium sulfate, Alumi-
num, Iron and steel industries, Zinc, Concrete, Roof-
ing, Industrial wastes, 'Emission factors, 'Stationary
sources.
PB62-107863 PC A03/MF A01
Questions and Responses at the 1981 Workshops
on Procedures to Demonstrate Attainment of the
NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)
for Ozone In the 1882 SIPs (State Implementation
Plans). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Edwin L. Meyer, Gerald L. Glpson, and Robert f. Kelly.
Sep 81,44p EPA-450/4-81 -030
Report presents responses to 166 questions asked at
three 1981 workshops describing the basis and appli-
cation of city-specific EKMA. Subject matter discussed
Includes the conceptual basis for EKMA, implications
of the statistical form of the ozone NAAQS, monitoring
support needed for EKMA analyses, generation and
application of ozone isopleth diagrams and results of
efforts to validate EKMA.
Keywords: 'Ozone, *Alr pollution, 'Meetings, Monitor-
Ing, Nomographs, 'State Implementation Plans, Imple-
mentation air pollution planning programs, National
Ambient Air Quality Standard, EKMA models.
PB82-107871 PC A03/MF A01
Permit Fse Guideline. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Joseph Sableskl, Dan deRoeck, Kevin Hannon, and
Ray Freeman. Sep 81,34p EPA-450/2-81 -003
The guideline was developed to assist States In
making revisions to their State Implementation Plans
(SIPs) to address the permit fee requirements of the
Clean Air Act. The guideline Is designed for both agen-
cies that have no functioning fee systems, arm for
those agencies currently revising and upgrading exist-
ing fee systems. The guideline Includes a review of the
Clean Air Act requirement for permit fees, legislative
history and relevant court cases, costs to be consid-
ered, basic program Implementation considerations,
and examples of fee systems currently In effect around
the country.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Licenses, 'Air pollution. Cost
analysis, Regulations, 'State Implementation Plans,
•Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB82-107897 PC E20
Central Hllltborough County-Tamps, Florida. Envi-
ronmental Impact statement (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep81,853p-ln3v
Set includes PB82-107905, PB82-107913, and PB82-
107921.
No abstract available.
PB82-107906 PC A12/MF A01
Central Hlllsborough County-Tamps, Florida:
Wastewater Facilities. Environmental Impact state-
ment (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 81,269p EPA-904/9-81 -078
See also Volume 1.PB82-107913.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E20, PB82-
107897.
This draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the City of Tampa,
the City of Temple Terrace and portions of manage-
ment alternatives have been evaluated with particular
attention to the impacts of alternative management
systems on growth patterns and primary and second-
ary Impacts on wetlands and other area water re-
sources.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
•Environmental Impact statements-draft, Population
growth, Estuaries, Florida, 'Wetlands, Hlllsboro
County(Florida), Tampa(Florlda).
PB82-107913
PC A16/MF AQ1
Central Hlllsborough County-Tampa, Florida: 201
Facilities Plan. Volume 1: Wastewater Facilities
Existing Environment Technical Reference Docu-
ment Environmental impact statement (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 81,373p EPA-904/9-81-078A
See also PB82-107905, and Volume 2, PB82-107921.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E20, PB82-
107897.
This draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the City of Tampa,
the City of Temple Terrace and portions of manage-
ment alternatives have been evaluated with particular
attention to the impacts of alternative management
systems on growth patterns and primary and second-
ary impacts on wetlands and other area water re-
sources.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Population
growth, Estuaries, Florida, 'Wetlands, Hlllsboro
County(Florida), Tampa(Florida).
PB82-107921
PC A10/MF A01
Central Hlllsborough County-Tampa, Florida: 201
Facilities Plsn. Volume II: Alternatives Evaluation
Technical Reference Document. Environmental
Impact statement (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 81,211 p EPA-904/9-81 -078B
See also Volume 1, PB82-10791 S.Portlons of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E20, PB82-
107897.
This draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the City of Tampa,
the City of Temple Terrace and portions of manage-
ment alternatives have been evaluated with particular
attention to the impacts of alternative management
systems on growth patterns and primary and second-
ary impacts on wetlands and other area water re-
sources.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental Impact statements-draft, Population
December 1983 1173
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
growth, Estuaries, Florida, 'Alternative planning,
^Wetlands, Hillsboro County(Florida), Tampa(Florida).
PB82-107947 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Areawlde Stormwater Pollution Analysis with the
Macroscopic Planning (ABMAC) Modal. Part I.
Documentation and Application. Part II. User's
Manual. Final rept. Jun 78-Nov 80,
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
Yoram J. Lltwin, John A. Lager, and William G. Smith.
Sep 81,198p EPA-600/2-81 -223
Grant EPA-R-806357
Prepared in cooperation with RAMLIT Associates,
Berkeley, CA., and Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto,
CA.
A simplified Stormwater management model (ABMAC)
has been developed to provide an inexpensive, flexible
tool for areawide management of nonpoint source pol-
lutants and for preliminary delineation of overall prior-
ities for Best Management Practices. The model is in-
tended for use by local engineers and planners, and is
adaptable for mini-computer applications. The model
is designed to simulate runoff caused by rainfall, stor-
age and treatment balances and to assess the magni-
tude of runoff and storage withdrawals.
Keywords: 'Size determination, 'Combined sewers,
'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution control, Mathe-
maticarmodels, Subroutines, Watersheds, Flow chart-
Ing, California, 'Storm water runoff, 'Nonpoint
sources, Best management practices, 'ABMAC
model.
PB82-107954 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hourly Diurnal Flow Variations In Publicly-Owned
Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Final rept.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Sep 81, 122p EPA-600/2-81 -21 8
Contract EPA-68-03-277S
A survey of 39 sanitary sewer collection systems was
undertaken to determine the magnitude of hourly peak
flows and to identify parameters most influencing the
observed peaks. The significant parameters identified
included: Industrial contribution, collection system age,
depth to aroundwater and low lift pro-plant pumping
stations. Collection systems with larger industrial con-
tributions were observed to have higher peak flows
than those with small industrial contributions. Vari-
ations in observed peak flows were exhibited between
spring and summer periods in high groundwater and
among old-age systems due to infiltration during the
spring season. Low lift pre-plant pumping stations, de-
pending upon their capacity and control, can create
extremely high peak flows and pulses that do not re-
flect normal diurnal influent flow patterns.
Keywords: 'Flow distribution, 'Sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, Fluid infiltration, Age, Surveys, Ground
water, Pumping, Flow rate, Industrial wastes, 'Peak
discharge.
PB82-108119 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Coal Mine Siting for the Ohio River Basin Energy
Study,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Donald A. Blome. Sep 81 , 1 80p EPA-600/7-81 -1 1 6
Grant EPA-R-805590
Prepared in cooperation with Kentucky Univ., Lexing-
ton. Inst. for Mining and Minerals Research.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. In part 1, an overview of the
ORBES-region coal industry is presented. (The region
consists of all of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, and
substantial portions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania.) Topics Include coal production, mine
types, reserves, selected coal properties, coal mar-
kets, employment, working conditions, wages, and
quality of life. In part 2, the procedures for siting coal
mines under the ORBES energy development scenar-
ios are set forth. The coal mine siting analysis projects
at the county level the number ana type of new coal
mines that would be opened in the ORBES region
through the year 2000 under various scenario condi-
tions and constraints. Among these conditions and
constraints are the locational siting pattern of addition-
al power plants in each scenario, the total coal produc-
tion specified for the year 2000 by the ORBES energy
demand model, and the sources of high and low sulfur
coal, by mine type, specified by the ORBES coal
supply analysis.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Site surveys, Technology as-
sessment, Technology Innovation, Underground
mining, Surface mining, Production capacity, Produc-
tion planning, Market surveys, Ohio River Basin.
PB82-108127 PC A04/MF A01
A Summary of the EPA National Source Perform-
ance Audit Program -1980. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. G. Fuerst, E. W. Streib, and M. R. Midgett. Oct 81,
68pEPA-600/4-81-077
See also PB81 -199366.
A national quality assurance audit program for meth-
ods used In stationary source tests was conducted in
1980 by the Quality Assurance Division of the Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. In this program, quality assurance ma-
terials were sent to interested participants for the
measurement of a gas volume (Method 5, dry gas
meter only) or the analysis of liquid samples simulating
collected sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (Method 6
and 7, respectively). Each participant returned the ana-
lytical results to the Source Branch, Quality Assurance
Division, for evaluation. An individual report was re-
turned to each participant after processing. This report
summarizes the audit results of 1980 for those three
source test methods.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Air pollution, Performance eval-
uation, Sources, Quality assurance, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Trends, Sampling, Stationary sources,
EPA method 5, EPA method 6, EPA method 7.
PB82-108143 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance of Trickling Filter Plants: Reliability,
Stability, Variability. Fina"rept,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Richard Haugh, Salar Niku, Edward D. Schroeder, and
George Tchobanoglous. Sep 81,111 p EPA-600/2-81-
228
Grant EPA-R-805097
Effluent quality variability from trickling filters was ex-
amined in this study by statistically analyzing daily ef-
fluent BODS and suspended solids data from 11 treat-
ment plants. Summary statistics (mean, standard devi-
ation, etc.) were examined to determine the general
characteristics of those data. Distributions of most ef-
fluent data were skewed to the right, and dally sus-
pended solids data generally exhibited more variation
than daily BODS data. Five probability distribution func-
tions, chosen through experience and the literature,
were tested to determine which would be best used to
describe daily 7-day average and 30-day average efflu-
ent data distributions. Three distributions, two parame-
ter empirical, gamma and lognormal were found to be
adequate with the lognormaF being preferred because
of ease of application. Daily effluent BODS and sus-
pended solids data were found to contain both random
and non-random components. Weekly cycles were
found in about half the plants studied and significant
month to month variation in effluent quality was found
in every plant. Effluent BOD and suspended solids
concentrations were higher in winter than in summer
when pooled data from all plants was examined. Multi-
ple regression analysis was used to determine the ef-
fects of various process parameters on effluent qual-
ity. In general, primary effluent BODS and suspended
solids concentrations and wastewater temperature
had the greatest effect. Variation due to measurement
effort was estimated to be 5 to 70 percent and 11 to 78
percent for effluent BODS and suspended solids
values, respectively. Methods for Incorporating statisti-
cal concepts into trickling filter design and operation
were discussed.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Trickling filters, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Performance evaluation.
PB82-108150 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of Methods for the Stabilization of
Pyrolytic Oils. Final rept.,
Atlanta Univ., GA.
Malcolm B. Polk, and M. Phingbodhippakkiya. Sep 81,
86p EPA-600/2-81-201
Grant EPA-R-804440
Capillary gas chromatographic, liquid chromatographic
and coupled gas/mass spectrometric analysis proce-
dures were developed to analyze pyrolytic oils pro-
duced from cellulosic waste residues. Some of the
major components identified were: ethanol, 1-butanol;
acetaldehyde; furfuryl alcohol; 5-methylfurfural; and 4-
hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene. The pyrolytic oils con-
tained a number of valuable chemicals. Further investi-
gations on the Isolation of these valuable chemicals
from pyrolytic oils are recommended.
Keywords: 'Pyrolysis, 'Chemical analysis, 'Wood
wastes, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Cellulose, Separation, Stability, Viscosity, Fuels, Ethyl
alcohol, Butanols, Acetaldehyde, 'Pyrolytic oils, 'Solid
wastes, Liquid chromatography, Chemical feedstocks,
Alcohol/furfuryl, Furfural/methyl, Styrene/hydroxy-
methoxy.
PB82-108168 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Data Base for Influent Heavy Metals In Publicly
Owned Treatment Works. Final rept. Aug 77-Dec
80,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxvllle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Roger A. Minear, Roy O. Ball, and Richard L. Church.
Sep 81,285p* EPA-800/2-81-220
Grant EPA-R-805606
Results are presented of a 2-year study involving the
Identification and assembly of a data base existing
within the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) of
the U.S. on Influent heavy metals. The general charac-
ters (among which are % industrial contribution,
combined sewers, % infiltration/Inflow, sample fre-
quency, sample type, analytical method) is provided.
Wastewater treatment plant laboratories were evaluat-
ed in the conduct of the study and generally found to
be satisfactory within the framework of the evaluation
method. Of the 80,000 individual pieces of data from
239 wastewater treatment plants, a substantial data
base was generated for cadmium, copper, nickel, lead
and zinc. Extensive data (but reduced in total volume)
were obtained for silver, arsenic and mercury. Limited
data were obtained for beryllium, cobalt, antimony and
selenium. Aluminum, iron and manganese data were
received as well. Median and mean (computed In vary-
ing manner) are reported and compared. Generally,
log normal distributions were observed for all but the
data extremes. While no associations could be demon-
strated between the median or mean values for the
composite data base and the individual descriptors
using Pearson and Spearman techniques, isolation of
the Tow percent industrial waste category from the
parent data base did show significant differences for 6
of 7 metals. Lead was the metal not showing a differ-
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Water pollution
control, Metals, Industrial waste treatment,
Concentration(Composrtion), 'Heavy metals, Publicly
owned treatment works.
PB82-108176 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of OH Production Volatile Organic
Compound Sources. Final rept. Jan-Sep 80,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
W. S. Eaton, G. R. Schneider, W. Unterberg, and f. G.
Bush, III. Sep81,75p EPA-600/2-81-197
Grant EPA-68-03-2648
An extensive description of oil and gas exploration and
production drilling technology is presented. Emphasis
has been placed on the makeup, use, and disposal oj
drilling fluids. A simple model for assessment of VOC
emissions accompanying drilling is presented, along
with an estimation of the potential VOC emissions as-
sociated with drilling activities. Emissions of volatile of-
1174 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ganic compounds (VOC) from oil production in new
news were estimated, based on three types of infor-
mation: (1) extent of new oil and gas fields (those thai
started production after 1974) in the contiguous 48
states; (2) drilling techniques used for oil and gas ex-
ploration and production wells (and their VOC poten-
tial), with specific emphasis on the drilling fluids; and
V3) equipment and techniques for oil and gas produc-
tion In new fields and their potential VOC sources.
Keywords: *Oil fields, 'Drilling, *Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Sources, Organic compounds, "Volatile organ-
ic compounds.
PB82-108184 PC A04/MF A01
[Jjalth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Mechanisms of Cadmium Absorption In Rats,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
t. C. Foulkes, D. R. Johnson, N. Sugawara, R. F.
opnewitz, and C. Voner. Sep 81,59p EPA-600/1-Sl-
ues
want EPA-R-805840
This study was undertaken in order to help clarify the
'actors which determine the fractional absorption of an
oral load of cadmium (Cd) from the intestine of the rat.
i ne experiments utilized intact segments of intestine,
perfused or incubated in situ with their blood supply
'ntact. Absorption of Cd from the jejuna! lumen can be
ascribed to a saturable membrane system; that is,
°ner short periods of exposure essentially all the metal
[emoved from the lumen was recovered in mucosal
nssue (Step I). The second step in Cd absorption, i.e.,
wanafer of the metal from mucosa Into blood, proceed-
•0 at only 1-2% of the rate of uptake from the lumen
wtep I). NO evidence was obtained for a role of metal-
Knhionein In the mucosal retention of Cd. Step I of Cd
adsorption was Inhibited by a variety of exogenous and
endogenous factors. Thus, zinc was found to depress
jjj; transport in an apparently competitive manner. Ad-
°Won of milk to the lumen also Inhibited Cd uptake, an
""ect entirely due to the Ca content. Bile salts act as
endogenous modulators of Cd absorption; their effect
,"*y be related to micelle formation. The research also
included studies of duodenal and ileal Cd transport.
"eal Cd absorption differed from that In the jejunum by
| relatively much faster Step II. Unlike the low ratio of
Steps ll/l for the toxic metal in the jejunum, the ratio for
jne essential metals Cu and Zn was much higher
jwjput so%). Absorption of Cd by the gut In neonatal
"TO proceeded much faster than in adults; reasons for
erent metals such as Cd and Zn share common ab-
"orptive mechanisms.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Absorption, 'Toxicology,
petals, Intestines, Laboratory animals, 'Toxic sub-
«ances, Heavy metals, Bloaccumulation.
PB82-108333 PC A06/MF A01
fjealth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
f'nlc and Organotln Compounds Leached from
and CPVC Pipe,
an Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
ial Health.
tdward A. Boettner, Gwendolyn L. Ball, Zane
polllngsworth, and Romulo Aquino. Sep 81,116p*
tPA-600/1-81-062
Jne primary objective of this research program was to
Determine whether organotins, contained In heat stabl-
«fers of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated poly-
jtoyl chloride (CPVC) pipe, and other organics present
*] Pipe sealing cement solvents may leach into potable
™ater supplies. Analytical methods for concentrating,
separating Identifying, and quantitatlng these cherrii-
2«» were evaluated. The hydride generation/atomic
jjjworptlon methods of Hodge, Braman, and others
and a Qrignard derivatizatlon technique, followed by
8*8 chromatography mass spectrometry, were used to
Jrjeracterize samples of standard extractant water ex-
P°sed to PVC and CPVC pipe, both fragmented and
J°ops constructed using pipe cement Analyses re-
pealed that alkyltin species and organic pipe cement
"pivents can leach into potable water. The organotin
Caching appears to occur In a blphasic manner. The
Concentration of dimethyltln (as dlchlorlde) in the ex-
' -" ' 37Cwas45
r"ionoej in the extractant water exposed to a CPVC
{JPe loop at 72C was 2.6 ppb on Day 1 and decreased
"cm 1.0 to 0.03 ppb/24 hrs during the ensuing 21
days. Methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran and cyclo-
hexanone leached Into the water in a miniature pipe
loop for more than 14 days. The concentrations of
these solvents ranged from 10 ppm to 10 ppb. This
data and analytical technology will enable the develop-
ment of a better understanding of the health hazards
associated with the transport of potable water in PVC
and CPVC pipes.
Keywords: 'Tin organic compounds, 'Adhesives,
'Water supply, Potable water, Leaching, Polyvinyl
chloride, Water pollution, Water analysis, Chemical
analysis, Stability, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlor-
inated polyvinyl chloride.
PB82-108341 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Livestock and the Environment: A Bibliography
with Abstracts. Volume VII. Final rept. 1 Mar 79-30
Jun 80,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada. Animal
Waste Technical Information Center.
M. L. Rowe, Linda Merryman, and Darla Stettler. Sep
81,186p* EPA-600/2-81-225
Grant EPA-R-80S151
See also Volume 6, PB80-102080.
Management and research Information on animal
wastes has expanded in recent years. This material
has appeared In such diverse sources as journal arti-
cles, conference papers, university publications, gov-
ernment publications, magazine articles, books or
book chapters, and theses. This bibliography was
compiled In order to speed the flow of Information on
findings in one segment of livestock Industry to other
segments that could benefit from this technology.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, 'Bibliographies, Anaerobic processes, Meth-
ane, Air pollution, lndexes(Documentation), 'Feedlot
wastes, 'Waste recycling, 'Biogas.
PB82-108368 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fuel Decomposition and Flame Reactions In Con-
version of Fuel Nitrogen to NOx. Final rept. Jun 75-
Apr 78,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Rocketdyne
Drv.
A. E. Axworthy, D. R. Kahn, V. H. Dayan, and D. O.
Woolery, II. 1978,297p EPA-800/7-81-158,, IERL-
RTP-1253
ContracfEPA-68-02-1886
The report describes an experimental and analytical
research program conducted to provide Information on
the chemical phenomena involved in the conversion of
air and fuel nitrogen to NOx. Under Task 1, Fuel De-
composition, early (preflame) reactions of fuel nitrogen
species were investigated using one- and two-stage
reactors. Inert pyrolysls experiments, carried out with
several fuel oils, showed that the primary nitrogen-con-
taining product was a tarry material that decomposed
to HCN at high temperature (1100 C). Oxidative pyroly-
sis experiments, involving model compounds (pyndlne,
benzonitrile, NH3, and HCN), fuel oils, and coals
showed that the primary products were NH3 and HCN
at lower temperature, and N2 and N2O at higher tem-
perature. Task 2, Combustion Kinetics, was carried out
in a low-pressure flat flame burner. The formation of
thermal, prompt, and fuel NO was Investigated in CH4-
O2-N2 flames doped with NH3 or HCN. In addition, the
formation of fuel NO was investigated in a H2-CO-02-
Ar-NH3 flame. This simulated The combustion of a
future low-Btu fuel containing NH3 as an Impurity. HCN
was shown to be a significant intermediate for all
flames where the fuel contained hydrocarbon. Calcula-
tions were made during Task 3, Data Analysis, on the
H2-CO-O2-Ar-NH3 flame using a detailed kinetic-diffu-
sion model.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, *Alr pollution, 'Decom-
position reactions, Chemical reactions, Pyrolysls, Hy-
drogen cyanide, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Flames, Reaction kinetics.
Heavy Metal Sources and Flows In a Municipal
Sewage System: Literature Survey and Field In-
vestigation of the Kokomo, Indiana, Sewage
System. Final rept. Oct 77-Jan 81,
Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, IN.
K. J. Yost, R. F. Wukasch, T. G. Adams, and Bert
Michalczyk. Sep81,282pEPA-600/2-81-224
Grant EPA-R-805631
The flow of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, PB) and
cyanide in the Kokomo, Indiana, collection system and
wastewater treatment plant is analyzed. The primary
objective Is to determine the relative contributions of
domestic and non-domestic sources to the total pollut-
ant load in the system, and to assess the levels of dis-
charge control required for the disposal of municipal
sludge by landfill or agricultural landspreadinp. Sam-
pling was conducted at point source locations, in major
sewer trunk- and feeder-lines, and at the treatment
plant. Production and waste treatment data are pre-
sented for point sources sampled for the purpose of
characterizing metal and cyanide discharges as a
function of these parameters. A simple statistical ap-
proach is presented for the design of a cost-effective
sampling program for correlating point source and
trunkline pollutant sampling.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Metals, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Sewage disposal, 'Earthfllls, 'Municipali-
ties, 'Reviews, Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium, Zinc,
Lead(Metal), Cyanides, Copper, Indiana, 'Heavy
metals, 'Point sources, 'Land application,
Kokomo(lndlana).
PB82-108368 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
PB82-108374 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Community Health Associated with Arsenic In
Drinking Water In Mlllard County, Utah. Final rept.
1 Nov 78-31 Jan 80,
Utah Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City.
J. W. Southwlck, A. E. Western, M. M. Beck, T. Whitley,
and R. Isaacs. Sep 81,74p EPA-800/1 -81 -064
GrantEPA-R-804617
This study evaluates the health effects of arsenic in
drinking water at levels approximately four times the
maximum allowed by the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations. Physical examinations of
250 people included evaluating dermatologlcal and
neurological health, sampling hair and urine for arsenic
content and testing for anemia. Water consumption
estimates were used to estimate arsenic ingestlon. A
clear relationship was shown between the amount of
arsenic consumed and the amount of arsenic present
in hair and urine samples. Dermatological signs com-
patible with arsenic exposure were rare and, when
found, were scattered singly among both exposed and
control participants rather than being clustered as mul-
tiple signs on individuals with higher arsenic exposure.
Anemia was not found significantly more often among
exposed participants. Nerve conduction slowing did
not correlate significantly with arsenic exposure levels.
Typical signs and symptoms of arsenic intoxication
were not found in any of the study participants.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Toxicology, Utah, Physiological
effects, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Environmental health, Bioaccumu-
lation, Millard County(Utah).
PB82-108382 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Modification of Spill Factors Affecting Air Pollu-
tion. Volume I. An Evaluation of Cooling as a
Vapor Mitigation Procedure for Spilled Volatile
Chemicals. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 80,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
J. S. Greer, S. S. Gross, R. H. Hiltz, and M. J. McGoff.
Sep81,68p80-197-VOL-1, EPA-600/2-81-214
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
See also Volume 2, PB82-108390.
Spilled chemicals that pose a hazard to the land and
water ecosystems can also provide a significant vapor
hazard. Although the vapors released by such chemi-
cals may ultimately be dispersed In the environment
with little long-term effects, they do pose a hazard to
life and property downwind pf the spill. Among the
vapor amelioration techniques that have been consid-
ered is the use of a coolant to lower the temperature of
a spill and reduce Its equilibrium vapor pressure. This
program has been conducted as a feasibility study of
December 1983 1175
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that mechanism. This program has established feasi-
bility of the mechanism, but additional work Is neces-
sary to establish practicality, define materials to which
cooling Is applicable, and optimize the dispensing
equipment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Revisions, Feasibility,
Coolants, Transport properties, Hazardous materials,
•Chemical spills.
PB82-108390 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Modification of Spill Factors Affecting Air Pollu-
tion. Volume II. The Control of the Vapor Hazard
from Spills of Liquid Rocket Fuela. Final rept. Jan-
Dec 80,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
J. S. Qreer, S. S. Gross, R. H. Hlltz, and M. J. McGoff.
Sep 81,30p 80-197-VOL-2, EPA-600/2-81 -215
Contract EPA-68-03-2646
See also Volume 1, PB82-108382.
The hypergolic rocket fuels, hydrazlne and nitrogen te-
troxlde, are volatile hazardous materials of special In-
terest to the Air Force. Through monitoring 01 ongoing
Environmental .Protection Agency programs, the Air
Force has maintained cognizance of the developing
state of the art in spill control. This Air Force supple-
ment to the basic EPA program was a preliminary eval-
uation of the potential of cooling and foam covers to
mitigate the vapor hazard from hydrazlne and nitrogen
tetroxlde. Coolants exhibited some control over vapor
release from the hypergolic fuels. Liquid nitrogen was
the most effective material. Logistics were deemed a
major disadvantage for the anticipated spill scenarios.
Foams using commercial agents were beneficial with
hydrazine but were not effective against nitrogen te-
troxide. Modified foam systems incorporating acrylic
resins were more effective. They were able to maintain
hydrazlne concentrations at or below 0.5 ppm. Some
control was also exhibited with nitrogen tetroxlde, but
there was Intermittent vapor release through the foam.
Based upon the work of this program, the acrylic
foams offer a promising approach to the control of the
vapor hazard from hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Liquid rocket fuels,
Revisions, Assessments, Coolants, Hydrazine, Nitro-
gen dioxide, Foam, Hazardous materials, "Chemical
PB82-108408 PC A21/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Oil Content In Produced Brine on Ten Louisiana
Production Platforms. Final rept.,
Crest Engineering, Inc., Tulsa, OK.
George F. Jackson, Eugene Hume, Michael J. Wade,
and Milton Kirach. Sep 81,495p EPA-600/2-81 -209
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Instruments, Inc.,
Dallas, and Rockwell International Corp., Newbury
Park,CA.
A survey of the oil content of brine effluents from off-
shore crude oil production platforms was conducted
for the Oil and Hazardous Spills Branch of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. The objectives were to de-
termine the amount of oil in the brine, and to determine
the factors affecting brine oil content variability. Ten-
day surveys were conducted on ten platforms. The
platforms selected represented a wide range of char-
acteristics with respect to produced fluids, processing
systems, and water treating systems. Each platform
had a flotation unit for final oil separation before dis-
charge. Minimums of forty gravimetric and twenty Infra-
red oil content tests were run on brine effluents of
each platform. Oil content tests were also run at up-
stream points In the systems. Other brine tests run for
correlation with effluent oil content Included: soluble
oil, oil drop-size distribution, suspended solids, surface
tension, ionic analysis, pH, specific gravity, surface
tension, boiling point distribution, and temperature.
Records were kept of operational factors including:
water cuts, lift methods, pressures, chemical addition
programs, and hydraulic loading of water treating units.
Test data and operational data were analyzed for cor-
relation with effluent oil content data.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Brines, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Surveys, Flotation, Louisiana, Adsorption, Filtra-
tion, Extraction, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion,'Oil pollution.
PB82-108416 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Evaluation of the Tentative Standard Method tor
Enteric Virus Concentration and Detection,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Mark D. Sobsey. Sep 81, 84p* EPA-600/1-81-061
GrantEPA-R-804218
The Tentative Standard Method (TSM) for concentrat-
ing viruses from drinking water was evaluated for nine
viruses using 100-gal tap water volumes experimental-
ly contaminated with about 1 00 plaque-forming units of
virus. The mean recoveries of pollovirus 1 , coxsackle-
vlrus A9 and B3, echovlrus 7, bovine enterovlrus 1,
Minute Virus of Mice (parvovlrus), reovlrus 3, adeno-
vlrus 5 and simian adenovirus 1 1 were 22, 25, 2.5, 6.7,
22, 5.0, 1 , 1 and 1 %, respectively. Although the recov-
ery differences for the five enterovlruses suggested
variable TSM effectiveness depending upon virus type,
subsequent simultaneous testing showed no signifi-
cant recovery differences. TSM recoveries of entero-
viruses obtained from raw sewage and seeded into
100-gal volumes of tap water averaged only 3.9%
which was approximately the same as poliovirus re-
coveries during the same time period. Enterovlrus re-
coveries showed marked seasonal variations that may
be related to water quality changes. Low virus recover-
ies by the TSM were partly due to virus Inactlvation by
the pH 11.6 glyclne-NaOH used for elutlon. Virus re-
coveries with negatively charged filters could be mark-
edly Improved by procedural modifications: (1) use of
aluminum or magnesium chloride to enhance adsorp-
tion, (2) use of less alkaline glyclne or beef extract with
and without EDTA for elution, and (3) recirculatlon of
the eluent through the adsorbent filters. With the ex-
ception of MVM, viruses In beef extract eluents could
be efficiently reconcentrated by organic flocculation.
Improved virus recoveries were also obtained with ad-
sorbent filters that are more electropositive than TSM
filters.
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Potable water,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Detection, Viruses,
'Drinking water, Water pollution detection.
PB82- 108424 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Hazardous Materials Spill Warning System. Final
rept. Jun 74-Dec 78,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Milton Kirsch, Robert Melvold, and John Vrolyk. Sep
81, 69p* RI/RD77-263, EPA-600/2-81 -21 2
Contract EPA-68-03-2080
The Environmental Protection Agency has developed
a list of materials defined as hazardous substances
based on their aquatic toxicity. In addition, certain ma-
terials have been designated as 'priority pollutants.'
Often, a spill of toxic materials into a moving water
stream can occur without the spiller being aware, or
without the spiller notifying authorities. Accordingly, a
system was needed to detect the presence of hazard-
ous toxic materials in streams and rivers. This need
has been filled by providing a spill alarm system, which
was designed, fabricated, and tested prior to delivery.
It consists of nonselective detection components
which together serve to detect all the materials on the
designated hazardous materials list, and the priority
pollutants. The system was mounted on an automotive
trailer and delivered to the Oil and Hazardous Materi-
als Spills Branch in Edison, New Jersey.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Warning systems, Streams, Rivers, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Chemical compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials spill.
PB82-108432 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Studies In Children Exposed to Low Level* of
Lead,
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Herbert L. Needlemen. Sep 81,72p* EPA-600/1-81-
086
Contract EPA-88-02-2217
Two separate studies were conducted with the overall
objective of examining the Impact of lead at low dose
on the neuropsychologlcal function of children. In the
first study, a sample of children Identified as having
elevated lead levels in the dentine of shed deciduous
teeth (N = 19) were compared to children with low
dentine lead (N «= 22) on electroencephalograms and
a panel of 8 auditory and speech processing tasks.
Quantitative electroencephalograms were obtained
from 20 sites under 4 conditions In these subjects. The
spectrum from 0.5 • 32 Hz was examined; four bands
were studied (alpha, beta delta, and theta) under four
conditions. Of the 320 comparisons, 10 differed at P •
0.025 or less (Wilcoxin-Mann, Whitney two sample
test). These 10 features, nine behavioral measures
previously obtained, and maternal I.Q. were then sub-
mitted to multivarlate analysis. A stepwlse linear dis-
criminate function analysis showed that adding the
EEG to behavioral analysis In the model Increased to
discriminating power from P = 0.015 to P = 0.001.
The most useful diagnostic features were EEG slowing
(delta) over the parietal cortex and decreased full
scale I.Q.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Physiological
effects, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-108440 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility of Commercialized Water Treatment
Technique* for Concentrated Waste Spill*. Final
rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Dlv., Redondo
Beach, CA.
Masood Ghassemi, Kar Yu, and Sandra Quinlivan. Sep
81,125p'EPA-600/2-81-213
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
The suitability and economics of using reverse osmo-
sis, ultraflltration, Ion exchange, wet air oxidation, high
purity oxygen activated sludge process, ultraviolet-
ozone oxidation, and coagulation/precipitation for on-
slte treatment of concentrated wastes were evaluated.
Published literature data and data obtained from proc-
ess suppliers provided the basis for the evaluation.
When used alone, none of the processes considered
would be economically applicable to on-slte mobile
unit treatment of the variety of concentrated wastes
encountered, although reverse osmosis, ion ex-
change, and wet air oxidation meet many of the appli-
cation requirements and hence require less pretreat-
ment and/or post-treatment. The estimated capital
costs for a unit suitable for trailer mounting vary from
as low as $35,000 for a 227,000 liters/day (60,000
gpd) ultrafiltration unit to as high as $1.25 to $1.5 mil-
lion for a 54,000 liters/day (14,400 gpd) 2-trailer wet
air oxidation unit. For short-term operation, the operat-
ing cost of the mobile unit Is determined largely by non-
process specific costs (for example, transportation,
labor subsistence, analytical support, etc.), which vary
from situation to situation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, Feasibility, Ion exchanging, Oxidation, Activat-
ed sludge process, Coagulation,
Precipitatlon(Cnemlstry), Filtration, Mobile equipment,
Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Reverse osmosis, Ul-
trafiltration.
PB82-108631 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The Relevance of Multiple Criteria Decision
Making to Priorities for Chemical Regulation*: An
Annotated Bibliography. Final rept.,
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockvllle, MD.
Steve Wllhelm, and Patricia Foreman. Aug 81,66p*
EPA-560/7-81-005
Contract EPA-68-01-8021
The bibliography contains one hundred and thirteen
references and original abstracts on multiple criteria
decision making and multi-attribute utility theory. It is a
selection of representative articles and reviews rather
than an exhaustive review of the literature. This report
was prepared In cooperation with the Office of Toxics
Integration within the Office of Toxic Substances.
Keywords: 'Decision making, 'Bibliographies, Atti-
tudes, Ranking, Criteria, Multl attribute utility functions.
1176 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-108564 PC A09/MF A01
Inorganic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams: Training Manual,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Audrey Kroner. Jul 81,178p EPA-430/1 -81 -015
A lecture/laboratory manual dealing with the analysis
of selected inorganic pollutants. The manual is an in-
structional aid for classroom presentations to those
with little or no experience in the field, but having one
year (or equivalent) of college level inorganic chemis-
try and having basic laboratory skills including use of
balances, volumetric glassware and titration assem-
blies. Topics in the manual are test procedures for
acidity and alkalinity (titrations to pH end points), hard-
ness (EDTA titration), chlorine (amperometric back ti-
tration), total phosphorus (persulfate digestion, ascor-
bic acid reduction, colorimetry), fluoride (SPADNS co|-
orimetry and ion electrode), nitrate and nitrite (cadmi-
um reduction, colorimetry), total and suspended solids
(gravimetric), turbidity (nephelometer), and specific
conductance (Wheatstone bridge conductivity meter).
Other topics are sample handling; compliance meth-
odology', accuracy, precision and error of data; ele-
ments of quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Inorganic compounds,
Handbooks, "Water analysis, 'Manuals, Chemical
analysis, Volumetric analysis, pH, Photometry, Colori-
metric analysis, Gravimetric analysis, 'Water quality,
Procedures.
PB82-108572 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Regional Socloeconomlc Impacts of Alternative
Energy Scenarios (or the Ohio River Basin Energy
Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Steven I. Gordon, and Anna S. Graham. Oct 80,160p
EPA-600/7-81-064
Grant EPA-R-805589
Prepared by Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. It describes projected socioeco-
nomic impacts of the ORBES energy futures, defined
as scenarios, on the region. The region consists of all
of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, and substantial
Portions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
The major impact areas considered are employment
Impacts of coal-fired power plants and of coal mining;
Population impacts of coal-fired power plants and coal
mining; and public service impacts (e.g., water and
sewer systems). The analyses of power plant impacts
was aided by use of the ORBES Labor Impact Model
(OLIM), which projects total county employment over
time by scenario. For coal-mining employment im-
pacts, a set of employment multipliers was developed
using existing data to enable county- and regional-
lever employment changes. The mining employment
data also are used in conjunction with other forecasts
to look at general migration trends within the study
region.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power genera-
Bon, Economic impact, Social effect, Employment,
Coal mining, Electric power plants, Forecasting, Penn-
sylvania, Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois, Indiana,
Ohio, 'Energy source development, Scenarios, Coal
fired power plants, Energy conversion.
PB82-108838 PC A09/MF A01
Wastewater Facilities Southern Region Area, Palm
Beach County, Florida. Draft environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 81,192p EPA-904/9-81 -083
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) ad-
dresses proposed wastewater facilities for the City of
Boca Raton, Florida and adjacent areas of unincorpo-
rated Palm Beach County. Ten wastewater manage-
ment alternatives have been evaluated with particular
attention to water quality in the area's surface and
groundwater resources and the impacts of projected
Population growth on the natural and human resources
of the Southern Palm Beach County Area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
Impact statements-draft, Construction, Feasibility,
Maps, Recreation, Transportation, Cost analysis, Land
use, 'Sewage treatment plants, Palm Beach(County),
Land application.
PB82-108895 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Use of Selected Sorbents and an Aqueous Film
Forming Foam on Floating Hazardous Materials.
Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Michael K. Breslin, and Michael D. Royer. Sep 81,58p
EPA-600/2-81-211
Contract EPA-68-03-0490
This research test program was initiated by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine
the effect sorbent materials and fire fighting foam have
on containment, recovery and vapor suppression of
floatable hazardous materials (HM) spilled on water.
The test plan incorporates some of the equipment
used during a 1975 U.S. EPA hazardous materials test
at the Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environ-
mental Test Tank (OHMSETT). The devices used in
both programs were the Clean Water Incorporated
Harbour Boom and the Industrial and Municipal Engi-
neering Swiss OELA III Skimmer. Dioctyl phthalate
(DOP), octanol, and naphtha served as the hazardous
materials. The sorbent materials were polyurethane
foam cubes, Clean Water, Inc. Sorbent C and Dow
Chemical Co. Imbiber Beads. An aqueous film forming
foam (AFFF), FC-206, from 3M Company was used as
the fire fighting foam. The type of HM, Sorbent, tow
speed, and wave condition served as controlled and
independent variables. Critical tow speed of the boom
(the speed at which oil loss began), HM vapor concen-
tration, and fluid recovered by the skimmer were the
dependent variables. Results of the tests were evalu-
ated in terms of the differences in these dependent
variables when sorbents and foams were distributed
on the HM slick versus a pure HM slick.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Foam, 'Sorbents,
Water pollution control, Polyurethane resins, Naph-
thas, Materials recovery, Fire fighting, 'Chemical
spills, Octanal, Phthalic acid/(dioctyl-ester).
PB82-108994 CP T08
Sewage Sludge Pathogen Transport Model.
Model-Simulation.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun 81, mag tape EPA/DF-81 /006
Source tape is in BDC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB82-109000.
The sewage sludge pathogen transport model predicts
the number of Salmonella, Ascaris, and polioviruses
which might be expected to occur at various points in
the environment along 13 defined pathways. These
pathways describe the use of dried or liquid, raw or an-
aerobically digested sludge as a cropland fertilizer,
dried raw sludge as an animal feed supplement, and
composted sludge as a residential soil amendment.
The model uses a compartment-vector approach in
which a mathematical state represents a discrete point
in a treatment or application pathway where pathogen
populations are computed as a function of time. Within
these compartments, mathematical process functions
describe population changes due to environmental
factors. Pathogen exchanges between compartments
are described By transfer functions. The model permits
user specification of various parameters in both proc-
ess and transfer functions, enabling him to simulate a
unique set of environmental conditions. Five separate
exposure risk calculations provide risk assessment de-
terminations for pathogens associated with airborne
particulates, residue and soil, vegetable crops, meat,
and milk. Certain of the exposure risk calculations can
be modified by the model user to simulate unique ex-
posure conditions. The model can be progressively
modified to accommodate new information, thus con-
stantly enhancing its predictive accuracy...Software
Description: The System is written in the Fortran pro-
gramming language for implementation on a CDC
6600 computer using the NOS/BE Time-Share
(Sandia National Labs.) operating system.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, 'Sludge, Transport,
Models, Magnetic tapes, Salmonella, Bacteria, Polio-
viruses, 'Sewage sludge, 'Pathogens, Ascaris, Biolog-
ical transport, Environmental factors.
PB82-109000 PC A21/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Sewage Sludge Pathogen Transport Modal
Project. Final rept.,
BDM Corp., Albuquerque, NM.
J. F. Dawson, K. E. Main, B. McClure, R. E. Sheridan,
and J. G. Yeager. Jun 81,485p EPA/DF-81 /006A,,
EPA-600/1-81-049A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB82-108994.
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Prepared in cooperation with Sandia National
Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
The sewage sludge pathogen transport model predicts
the number of Salmonella, Ascaris, and polioviruses
which might be expected to occur at various points in
the environment along 13 defined pathways. These
pathways describe the use of dried or liquid, raw or an-
aerobically digested sludge as a cropland fertilizer,
dried raw sludge as an animal feed supplement, and
composted sludge as a residential soil amendment.
The model uses a compartment-vector approach in
which a mathematical state represents a discrete point
in a treatment or application pathway where pathogen
populations are computed as a function of time. Within
these compartments, mathematical process functions
describe population changes due to environmental
factors. Pathogen exchanges between compartments
are described by transfer functions. The model permits
user specification of various parameters in both proc-
ess and transfer functions, enabling him to simulate a
unique set of environmental conditions. Five separate
exposure risk calculations provide risk assessment de-
terminations for pathogens associated with airborne
particulates, residue and soil, vegetable crops, meat,
and milk. Certain of the exposure risk calculations can
be modified by the model user to simulate unique ex-
posure conditions. The model can be progressively
modified to accommodate new information, thus con-
stantly enhancing its predictive accuracy.
Keywords: 'Sludge, Transport, Models, Salmonella,
Bacteria, Polioviruses, 'Sewage sludge, 'Pathogens,
Ascaris, Biological transport, Environmental factors.
PB82-109174 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Testing of the OlPerna Sweeper.
Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Michael K. Breslin. Sep 81,44p EPA-600/2-81 -229
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
The DiPerna Sweeper, a partial-vacuum oil skimmer,
was tested in a two-week test program conducted at
the U.S. Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) in
Leonardo, New Jersey. Forty-three oil recovery tests
were run. The object of the program was to establish a
range of best performance for the skimmer under vari-
ous environmental conditions in light and heavy oils.
The DiPerna Sweeper is a self-contained, floating oil
skimmer that can operate in either a stationary or ad-
vancing mode. Its principle of operation is based upon
drawing oil and water into a sealed container by creat-
ing a slight vacuum in the container. A floating weir
serves as the inlet. The partial vacuum is created by
pumping fluid from the sealed container. The container
serves as an oil/water separator. Separate pumps
draw water from the bottom of the vessel while others
draw oil from the top. The device was able to recover
over 75% of the oil presented to it in calm water at tow
speed up to two knots. Performance decreased in
waves. Modifications are suggested to improve such
performance. The separator functioned well. In one
case, the oil offloaded from the skimmer was 95% free
of water.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Oil pollution, Skimmers,
Floating bodies, Separators, 'Oil skimmers, DIPema
Sweeper, Oil pollution control, Oil pollution removal.
PB82-109208 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
December 1983 1177
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Legal and Institutional Aspects of Interstate
Power Plant Development In the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
James C. McLaughlin. Sep 81,197p EPA-600/7-81 -
115
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Coll. of
Law.
The report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. It discusses both the present legal
and institutional setting of power plant siting and devel-
opment and possible legal and institutional means to
solve problems in this setting. One potential vehicle,
interstate compacts, also receives extensive treat-
ment. The report draws upon experiences in the six
states in the ORBES study region-Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The
specific topics covered include present federal policy
that necessitates efficient interstate coordination of
power development; existing, proposed, and potential
federal laws; state siting law; state law as a solution to
the coordination problem; the interstate compact as a
device for interstate cooperation and coordination; the
interstate compact as a device for interstate coordina-
tion problem; judicial review; and the use of electric
utility industry regional and national organizations.
Keywords: *Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power plants,
Electric power generation, Coordination, Government
policies, Regulations, Electric utilities, Organizations,
Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, "Energy source development.
PB82-109281 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
The Macroeconomlc Impact of Federal Pollution
Control Programs: 1981 Assessment. Final rept.
1970-86.
Data Resources, Inc., Lexington, MA.
17Jul81,37p* EPA-230/3-81-012
See also PB-296 960.
This report analyzes the impact of the cost of Federally
mandated pollution control expenditures on such
measures of macroeconomic performance as real
GNP, price levels, and employment. Using an elabo-
rate econometric model of the economy, DRI adjusts
the appropriate equations to reflect the lower costs as-
sociated with the absence of pollution control regula-
tions, resimulates the economy with the adjusted
equations, and then derives an estimate of the eco-
nomic impact of the regulatory costs by comparing the
resulting simulations. Only costs due to federal regula-
tions are removed.
Keywords: "Economic impact, "Cost estimates, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Regulations, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Maintenance, National govern-
ment, Employment, Investments, Assessments, *Air
pollution abatement, 'Water pollution abatement, 'Air
pollution economics, 'Water pollution economics,
Macroeconomics.
PB82-109323 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Fish Resources and Aquatic Habitat Impact As-
sessment Methodology for the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study Area,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Clara Leuthart, and Hugh T. Spencer. Sep 81,461 p
EPA-600/7-81-052
GrantEPA-R-804816
Prepared in cooperation with Louisville Univ., KY. See
also report dated Jan 81, PB81 -161788.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Its purpose is to provide informa-
tion on the fish resources, water quality, and aquatic
ecology of the Ohio River Basin. This information is
used as background for the assessment of water-relat-
ed impacts under a number of energy development
scenarios.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Ohio
River Basin, Environmental impacts, Coal, Dams,
Shellfish, Cooling water, Stream flow, Entrainment,
Electric power plants, Natural gas, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Taxonomy, 'Energy source de-
velopment, Habitats, 'Low flow.
PB82-1093S6 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Study of Chlorine Dioxide and Its Metabolites In
Man,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Coll. of Medicine.
Joseph R. Bianchine, Judith R. Lubbers, Sudha
Chauhan, and Judy Miller. Sep 81,10Op EPA-600/1 -
81-068
Grant EPA-805643
To assist in the assessment of the relative safety of
chronically administered chlorine water disinfectants in
man, a controlled study was undertaken. The study
was conducted in three phases. Phase I, a rising dose
tolerance investigation, examined the effects of single
dose increasing concentration administration of chlo-
rine disinfectants to normal healthy adult male volun-
teers. Phase II considered the impact on normal sub-
jects of twelve week daily ingestion of the disinfectants
at a concentration of 5 mg/L. In phase III, chlorite, at a
concentration of 5 mg/L, was administered daily to
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient sub-
jects. Physiological impact was assessed by evalua-
tion of a large battery of qualitative and quantitative
tests. In general, the study affirmed the relative safety
and tolerance of normal healthy adult males and
normal healthy adult male G-6-PD deficient individuals
to daily twelve week ingestion of 500 mL of chlorine
disinfectants at a concentration of 5 mg/L.
Keywords: 'Disinfectants, 'Toxicology, Physiological
effects, "Chlorine oxide(CIO2), 'Metabolites, 'Toxic
substances.
PB82-109372 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Nearshore Marine Trace Metal Geochemistry.
Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Michael!. Bender. Aug81,102p EPA-600/3-81-050,,
ERLN-X11
Grant EPA-R-803243
The report summarizes a number of studies on several
aspects of the nearshore geochemistry of trace metals
which give information on consequences of trace
metal pollution attending nearshore waste disposal.
The author has studied the distribution of dissolved
and paniculate trace metals in the Hudson River Estu-
ary; pore water nutrient, carbon and metal geochemis-
try in Narragansett Bay; trace metal adsorption in Nar-
ragansett Bay sediments; and benthic fluxes of transi-
tion metals out of Narragansett Bay sediments.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Narragansett Bay, 'Hudson River Estuary, Geochem-
istry, Carbon, Adsorption,
Concentration(Composition), Manganese, Nickel,
Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Sulfides, Transition metals,
Rhode Island, 'Trace metals.
PB82-109380 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Ohio Basin Interstate Energy Options: Constraints
of Federalism,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Boyd R. Keenan. Sep 80,98p EPA-600/7-81-054
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Circle.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Enery Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. It addresses regional and interstate
approaches to power plant siting and operations in the
ORBES study region, which consists of all of Kentucky
and substantial portions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Among the topics
covered are power plant impacts in the federal con-
text, interstate air quality conflicts and available reme-
dies, air quality control possibilities, water-related con-
siderations, and the interstate structure of the power
industry.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power genera-
tion, Site surveys, Electric power plants, Regional
planning, State government, Government policies, Air
quality, Water supply, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 'Energy source develop-
ment, Air pollution abatement.
PB82-109414 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions Assessment of Conventional Station-
ary Combustion Systems: Summary Report. Final
rept. Sep76-Jul81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
C. C. Shih, and A. M. Takata. Sep 81,77p EPA-600/7-
81-003D
Contract EPA-68-02-2197
See also Volume 5, PB81 -225559.
The report gives results of a characterization of multi-
media emissions from 39 source categories of conven-
tional stationary combustion systems. In the assess-
ment, existing emissions data were first examined to
determine the adequacy of the data base. This was fol-
lowed by a measurement program to fill identified data
gaps. Emissions data obtained from the sampling and
analysis program were combined with existing emis-
sions data to provide estimates of emission levels, and
to define the need for additional data. Study results in-
dicate that flue gas emissions of NOx, SO2, and partic-
ulate matter from the 39 source categories account for
approximately 86, 66, and 36%, respectively, of the
emissions of these pollutants from all stationary
sources. Additionally, flue gas emissions of sulfates
and several trace elements from coal- and oil-fired
combustion sources also require further attention.
POM compounds in flue gas emissions are mostly
naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. However,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene and possible benzo(a)pyrene,
both active carcinogens, were detected at a limited
number of coal- and wood-fired sites. Concentrations
of iron, magnesium, nickel, and phosphorus in waste-
water streams are at levels that may be of environmen-
tal concern. Data on coal fly ash and bottom ash show
11-16 trace elements at potentially harmful levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Sources, Flue gases, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Trace elements, Polycyclic compounds,
Electric power plants, Water pollution, 'Stationary
sources, Polycyclic organic matter, Solid wastes, Land
pollution.
PB82-109588 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Proceedings of the Conference on Innovation In
the Environmental Technology Industry Held at
Washington, DC., on November 5-6,1980.
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Sep 81,323p* EPA-600/9-81 -030
Contract EPA-68-03-2674
This document comprises the proceedings of the Con-
ference on Innovation in the Environmental Technolo-
gy Industry, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), the Water Pollution Control Fed-
eration (WPCF), the Air Pollution Control Association
(APCA) and the Environmental Industry Council (EIC).
The conference was held in Washington, DC, Novem-
ber 5-6,1980. More than forty conference papers are
included, with a glossary of most acronyms appended
at the end. Panel sessions and some of the papers are
followed by brief questions from the floor and re-
sponses by the panelists or speakers. Major areas that
were addressed included: assessment of pollution
control technologies; venture capital constraints and
considerations; impact of regulatory policies on new
markets and development; Federal Patent Policy
changes and impact on innovation; investment firms
perspective for ventures and foreign technology ex-
change, sources, barriers and approaches.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Assessments, Technology,
Regulations, Industry wastes, Sewage treatment, Sub-
stitutes, Hazardous materials, Feasibility.
PB82-109604 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance of Activated Sludge Processes: Reli-
ability, Stability and Variability. Final rept.,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
1178 Vol.83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Salar Nlku, Edward D. Schroeder, George
i chobanoglous, and Francisco J. Samaniego. Sep 81,
165p EPA-600/2-81-227
QrantEPA-R-805097
Jhe objeot|ve of this research study was to statistically
jjnalyze the performance of a large number of actlvat-
ea sludge processes and to develop methods and pro-
cedures for introducing reliability and stability concepts
wo design and operation of treatment plants. The log-
oSIo QisMbutton was found to fit the observed efflu-
ent BOD and SS data more consistently. Using the log-
PO'roal distribution and a coefficient of reliability
JWJR), a probabilistic model and design tables and
graphs have been developed for predicting achievable
emuent BOD and SS concentrations. The proposed
model can be used in design of a treatment process
expected to perform at a certain reliability and/or to
estimate the reliability of an operating treatment plant.
i ne stability of various activated sludge processes
was examined using several statistical measures. The
standard deviation was found to be the most appropri-
ate Indicator of stability. Plants with effluent values
"Blow 10 g/cu m are considered stable; plants with
values greater than 10 g/cu m are considered unsta-
Dle- Correlations and regression analyses have been
u*ed to Investigate the causes of effluent quality var-
ablrty and to identify the extent of the factors contribut-
ng to this variability. No single or group of variables
was found that could be used to characterize the varia-
™«y of effluent quality for all plants in general. The use
°J geometric mean, as a measure of central tendency
01 dally effluent quality data, was recommended for
setting discharge standards. An approach is presented
"nat can be used to design a process stochastically
™nen the effluent standards are deterministic in
nature.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
Jjent, Performance evaluation, Stability,
^oncentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
Demand, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts).
PBa2-109679 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
* Mobil* Stream Diversion System for Hazardous
Materials Spills Isolation. Final rept.,
Scientific Service, Inc., Redwood City, CA.
James V. Zaccor. Sep 81,48p EPA-600/2-81 -219
Contract EPA-68-03-2458
A program was conducted to design and develop a
Prototype mobile system for quick diversion of a
stream flow around a contaminated area. Spill scenar-
'os were analyzed to establish design criteria for a self-
contained, independent system that would maintain
now continuity around a region undergoing decontami-
nation. The design utilized stock items available na-
npnwide, to provide easy maintenance and replaceabi-
"ty. To provide flexibility and reliability, the system was
assembled as two Independent units, mounted on trail-
ers so that spills would be readily accessible via state
onnterstate highways. A quick unloading feature pro-
vided capability for air shipment to more distant loca-
nons. Once onsite, the system could be assembled
and placed in operation by a crew of five in a matter of
nours. Unit operation and ability to deliver a flow rate of
u-35 m3/s a distance of 0.3 km over unprepared
around were evaluated in a shakedown test.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Mobile equipment,
Stream flow, 'Water pollution control, Diverting, Pro-
totypes, Design criteria, Flow rate, Submersible
Pumps, PipesfTubes), Performance evaluation, Speci-
fications, Layout, Spills.
PC A06/MF A01
Washington, DC.
- -—-wi i i*r, umtaoi I, i iwi^dl I L.. UdllOY, U. ^J. ln,
James P. Hartnett, and K. Mastanalah. Sep 81,115p
EPA-600/7-81-061
grants EPA-R-805609, EPA-R-804816
Prepared In cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Crcle, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Indiana Univ.,
Bloomlngton, Pittsburgh Univ., PA., and Louisville
Univ KY. Sponsored in part by Grants EPA-R-805588,
gM EPA-R-B05608. See also report dated Jan 81,
"B81-i617flB.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multldisciplinary policy
research program. The study region consists of all of
Kentucky, most of West Virginia, and substantial por-
tions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. By
1988, coal-fired electrical generating capacity In the
region is expected to total over 100,000 MWe, versus
about 11,000 MWe projected for nuclear-fueled capac-
ity by that year. Thus, the ORBES emphasis was on
coal-fired generation. This report attempts to fill In
some of the gaps in the relative lack of emphasis on
the risks and benefits of nuclear electricity production
in the study region. It covers the following topics: (1)
basic facts about radiation, (2) an overview of the cur-
rent regulatory framework of the nuclear industry, (3)
health risks associated with electricity production by
LWRs, (4) the risks of nuclear proliferation, terrorism,
and sabotage, (5) comparative economics and healthy
risks of coal versus nuclear, and (6) the March 1979
accident at Three Mile Island.
Keywords: *0hio River Basin, 'Nuclear electric power
generation, Nuclear energy, Risk, Nuclear radiation,
Regulations, Health physics, Terrorism, Sabotage,
Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Penn-
sylvania, Electric power generation, 'Energy source
development, Coal fired power plants, Risk assess-
ment, Light water reactors, Nuclear materials diver-
sion, TMl-2 accident.
PB82-109711 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Treis Emulslfler Device
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Pennlnga. Jul 81,44p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -
81-15
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Treis Emulsifler' device under provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. On February 17 1981 the EPA
received a request from Trels International for evalua-
tion of a fuel saving device termed Treis Emulslfier'.
This Device is designed to generate a gasoline, water-
alcohol emulsion. The water is in finite droplet form,
evenly dispersed throughout the gasoline and is
claimed to prevent premature ignition or knock, and
allow a more complete combustion. This Is claimed to
result in improved fuel economy, torque, and engine
life.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Fuel
systems, Emulslfiers(Equlpment), Performance eval-
uation, Treis emulslfiers.
PB82-109810 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnatl,
OH.
Field Studies on USBM and TOSCO II Retorted Oil
Shales: Vegetation, Moisture, Salinity, and Runoff,
1977-1980. Final rept.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
M. K. Kilkelly, W. A. Berg, and H. P. Herbert, III. Aug 81,
120pEPA-600/7-81-139
GrantEPA-R-804719
Field studies were Initiated in 1973 to investigate the
vegetative stabilization of processed oil shales and to
follow moisture and soluble salt movement within the
soil/shale profile. Research plots with two types of re-
torted shales (TOSCO II and USBM) with leaching and
soil cover treatments were established at two loca-
tions: low-elevation (Anvil Points) and high-elevation
(Piceance Basin) in western Colorado. Vegetation was
established by intensive management including leach-
ing, N and P fertilization, seeding, mulching, and Irriga-
tion. After seven growing seasons, a good vegetative
cover remained with few differences between treat-
ments, with the exception of the TOSCO retorted
shale, south-aspect, which consistently supported less
perennial vegetative cover than other treatments. With
time, a shift from perennial grasses to dominance by
shrubs was observed. Rodent activity on some treat-
ments had a significantly negative effect on vegetative
cover.
Keywords: 'Oil shales, 'Vegetation, 'Soil stabilization,
•Land reclamation, Field tests, Salinity, Runoff, Soil
water, Solid waste disposal, Plant growth, Irrigation,
Leaching, Water quality, Piceance Basin, Colorado,
TOSCO process.
PB82-109828 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Stress Function for Evaluating Strategies for
Water Quality Management. Final rept. Sep 77-Mar
80,
Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana.
Warren U. Brigham. Sep 81,104p EPA-600/2-81-217
Grant EPA-R-805614
Prepared in cooperation with Hey (Donald L.) and As-
sociates, Chicago, IL.
This Investigation explored the relationship between
biological communities and the physical and chemical
conditions in the aquatic environment. Seasonal pat-
terns and the duration and probability of occurrence of
chemical conditions and physical events were estab-
lished via computer modelling. An Instantaneous
measure of stress was calculated by summing the dec-
imal fractions of the 96-hr lethal concentrations (for
bluegills) of each of 21 separate toxicants. Stress func-
tions were computed for several locations In a test wa-
tershed in northeastern Illinois.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Fishes, 'Animal ecol-
ogy, 'Stream pollution, Mathematical models, Toxiclty,
Illinois, Baseline studies, 'Water pollution
erfects(Animals), 'Bluegills.
PB82-109836 PC A13/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Implications of Coal Related Energy Devel-
opment: Mining Impacts. Final rept. 1 Jan 78-30 Apr
80,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. A. Zanetos, D. A. Savitz, J. C. Warling, and N.
Sachs. Sep 81,278p EPA-600/1-81-060
Grant EPA-R-805700
The purpose of this project was to establish a method
for prospective epidemiological analysis of the health
effects associated with the development of western
coal sites. Particular emphasis was placed on potential
community health effects related to mining, especially
mining effluents which may enter drinking water sup-
plies in hazardous quantities. The study area is defined
as United States EPA Region VIII which Includes Colo-
rado, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas. This
research effort involved: (1) development of criteria for
selecting communities suitable for future in-depth
study and selection of several such communities; (2)
characterization of health and environmental quality in
the region as a whole; (3) formulation of data require-
ments for a prospective epidemiological study; and (4)
evaluation of the quality of environmental, health, and
demographic data currently available for such a study
in these communities.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Toxicology, Energy, 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Environmental health,
'Toxic substances.
PB82-109869 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
A Model of Migration In the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Steven I. Gordon, and Christopher Badger. Sep 81,
59pEPA-600/7-81-065
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Ohio State Univ., Columbus. See also
report dated JanSl, PB81-161788.
The report waa: prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidiscipiinary policy
research program. It examines the Impact of regional
energy development scenarios and policies on the in-
ternal movements of population and Industry within the
project study region, which covers all of Kentucky,
most of West Virginia, and substantial portions of Illi-
nois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. For any particu-
lar economic and population forecast, some level of
region. No national-level projections were generated
that would allow the generation and use of a model to
predict such migration. Thus, this report covers the at-
tempt to develop such a regional model. First, other at-
tempts to derive empirical models of migration that
relate to the theory behind the model developed here
are reviewed. Data sources are described In terms of
December 1983 1179
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
geography, time, and variable type. The models de-
rived are then described, and the pros and cons of
using each for simulating ORBES regional Impacts are
discussed. Finally, one of these models Is used to sim-
ulate the migration Impacts of the ORBES scenarios
under alternative sets of assumptions.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric power genera-
tion, Population migration, Industries, Forecasting,
Mathematical models, Social effect, Economic impact,
Electric power plants, Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 'Energy source develop-
ment, Scenarios.
PB82-109893 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
The Current Status of the Electric Utility Industry
In the Ohio River Basin Energy Study States,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Jan L. Saper, James P. Hartnett, Vincent P. Cardl,
Gary L. Fowler, and Thomas Sweet. Sep 81,140p
EPA-600/7-81-056
Grants EPA-R-805585, EPA-R-805588
See also PB81-161788. Prepared in cooperation with
Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle, and West Virginia Univ.,
Morgantown.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. It reviews the status of the electric
utility Industry in the six ORBES states: Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.
Topics include the Investor-owned utilities, publicly-
owned utilities and power agencies, rural electric coop-
eratives, electrical generation systems, electrical gen-
erating capacity, comparative financial and operating
statistics for investor-owned utilities, and regulation In
the electric utility Industry.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, 'Electric utilities, Indus-
tries, Statistical data, Electric power generation, Illi-
nois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Vir-
ginia, Energy source development, 'Electric power in-
dustry.
PB82-109919 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Infiltration Land Treatment of Stabilization Pond
Effluent. Final rept. 15 Jun 75-17 Jun 79,
South Dakota State Univ., Brooklngs. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering.
James N. Dornbush. Sep 81,57p EPA-600/2-81-226
Grant EPA-R-803804
A pilot rapid infiltration wastewater treatment system
consisting of three 0.07 hectare basins was operated
for four seasons at Brookings, South Dakota. The ob-
jectives of the study were to demonstrate that rapid in-
filtration land treatment could upgrade stabilization
pond effluent to meet stringent effluent requirements
and to identify winter operating constraints for the
system. After passing through 1.3 m of the soil profile,
the following quality was observed: BODS was less
than 4 mg/l all of trie time and generally less than 2
ma/I; the suspended solids rarely exceeded 4 mg/l;
total phosphorus rarely exceeded 1 mg/l; ammoniacal
nitrogen was less than 2 mg/l and usually less than 1.1
mg/l; and nitrate nitrogen rarely exceeded 10 mg/l.
Winter operation of the pilot units with intermittent ap-
plications was not practical. Ice accumulated with
each successive flooding and operation had to be dis-
continued In early January.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Ponds, Ground
water, Stabilization, Sites, South Dakota, Biochemical
oxygen demand, 'Land disposal, 'Water quality, 'Infil-
tration, Brooklngs(South Dakota).
PB82-110057 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Two-Stage Particle Fractlonator Using Large
Pore Nuclepore Surfaces,
Duke Univ., Durham. NC.
Gale H. Buzzard, Richard D. Parker, and John P. Bell.
Jun 81,90p EPA-600/2-81-107
GrantEPA-R-803018
A fundamental study of the collection efficiency result-
Ing from inertia! deposition of particles onto large pore
Nuclepore filters has been conducted. The theoretical
procedure involved the solution of the Navier-Stokes
equations for steady flow through a representative
filter pore. Stokes' drag forces were applied to a parti-
cle In the flow field and used to determine its trajectory.
The critical trajectory for deposition was found, and the
collection efficiency was determined. The solutions
were obtained numerically. The study was restricted to
continuum flow and assumed negligible particle diffu-
sion. The theory was used to Investigate the influence
of pore Reynolds number, particle density, filter thick-
ness, and filter porosity upon the collection efficiency.
Experimental collection efficiencies were obtained for
laboratory generated particles. The filters were ana-
lyzed using optical fluorescence techniques. The ex-
perimental results obtained for a liquid aerosol are in
good agreement with the theory and are viewed as val-
idation of the impaction theory developed. The experi-
mental results obtained for a solid aerosol fall well
below the theoretical predictions and are viewed as an
indication of particle bounce for a non-sticky aerosol.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Particle size, Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Deposition, Reynolds number,
'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB82-110115 PCA14/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Chloroform:
A Comprehensive Bibliography of Published Liter-
ature, 1930-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jun 81,311p EPA-560/7-81-011
Contract EPA-68-01-5836
This document is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Chloroform
(Chemical Abstacts Service Registry Number 67-66-3)
for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations have
been selected from a thorough literature search, and
broadly classified as having primarily environmental or
biological emphasis. The sources used in the search
are Identified, and for the portion performed on line,
the search strategies are also Included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Chloroform, 'Toxicology,
Public health, Chlorohydrocarbons, Chlorine organic
compounds, Epidemiology, Physiological effects,
Safety, Control, Regulations, 'Environmental health,
CAS 67-66-3, Literature surveys, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-110123 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Acrylamlde:
A Comprehensive Bibliography of Published Liter-
ature, 1960-1981. Final rept.
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Jun 81,83p EPA-560/7-81 -006
Contract EPA-68-01-5836
This document Is a bibliography of published citations
on health and environmental aspects of Acrylamide
(Chemical Abstacts Service Registry Number 79-06-1)
for the period 1930 to May 1981. the citations have
been selected from a thorough literature search, and
broadly classified as having primarily environmental or
biological emphasis. The sources used in the search
are Identified, and for the portion performed on line,
the search strategies are also included.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Toxicology, Public health,
Amides, Epidemiology, Physiological effects, Safety,
Control, Regulations, 'Environmental health, CAS 79-
06-1, Literature surveys, * Acrylamide, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB82-110156 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Hampshire and
Vermont, Water Year 1980. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Dlv.
Jun 81,186p USGS/WRD/HD-81/073, USGS-WDR-
NH-VT-80-1
See also report for 1979, PB81 -159592. Prepared in
cooperation with the States of New Hampshire and
Vermont.
Water-resources data for the 1980 water year for New
Hampshire and Vermont consist of records of stage,
discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and
contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report contains discharge
records for 77 gaging stations, stage records for 3
lakes, monthena contents for 25 lakes and reservoirs,
water-quality data for 4 gaging stations, and water
levels for 40 observation wells. Also included are data
for 4 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional
water data were collected at various sites, not part of
the systematic data-collection program, and are pub-
lished as miscellaneous measurements. A few perti-
nent stations (not included above) in bordering States
and Province of Quebec are also included in this
report. These data represent that portion of the Na-
tional Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geo-
logical Survey and cooperating State and Federal
agencies in New Hampshire and Vermont.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, 'New
Hampshire, 'Vermont, Water quality, Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells,
Water table, Seasonal variations, Tables(Data),
'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-110271 PCA15/MFA01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Airborne Radioactive Emission Control Technolo-
gy. Volume II,
Dames and Moore, White Plains, NY.
L. Skoski, R. Berlin, D. Corby, J. Clancy, and G.
Hoopes. Mar 80,329p ORP-CR-81 -SB
Contract EPA-68-01-4992
See also Volume 1, PB82-111469, and Volume 3,
PB82-110289.
This report reviews the current and future control tech-
nology for airborne emissions from a wide variety of In-
dustries/facilities, including uranium mining and mill-
ing, other nuclear fuel cycle facilities, other NRC-H-
censed and DOE facilities, fossil fuel facilities, select-
ed metal and non-metal extraction industries, and
others. Where specific radioactivity control technology
is lacking, a description of any existing control technol-
ogy is given. Future control technology is assessed In
terms of Improvements to equipment performance and
process alterations. A catalogue of Investigated re-
search on advanced control technologies is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Air pollution control,
Sources, Forecasting, Technology, Uranium mines.
Drugs, Nuclear reactor materials, Metal Industry, Fossil
fuels, Crushed stone, Iron and steel industry, Fluorite,
Bauxite, Copper, Phosphate industry, Geothermal
power plants.
PB82-110289 PCA16/MFA01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Airborne Radioactive Emission Control Technolo-
gy. Volume III,
Dames and Moore, White Plains, NY.
L Skoski, R. Berlin, D. Corby, J. Clancy, and G.
Hoopes. Mar 80,352p ORP-CR-81-5C
Contract EPA-68-01-4992
See also Volume 2, PB81 -110271.
This report reviews the current and future control tech-
nology for airborne emissions from a wide variety of In-
dustries/facilities, Including uranium mining and mill-
ing, other nuclear fuel cycle facilities, other NRC-II-
censed and DOE facilities, fossil fuel facilities, select-
ed metal and non-metal extraction industries, and
others. Where specific radioactivity control technology
is lacking, a description of any existing control technol-
ogy is given. Future control technology is assessed In
terms of improvements to equipment performance and
process alterations. A catalogue of investigated re-
search on advanced control technologies Is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Air pollution control,
Sources, Forecasting, Technology, Uranium mines,
Drugs, Nuclear reactor materials, Metal industry, Fossil
fuels, Crushed stone, Iron and steel Industry, Fluorite,
Bauxite, Copper, Phosphate industry, Geothermal
power plants.
PB82-110321 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
1180 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Energy Facility siting Procedure*, Criteria, and
Public Participation In the Ohio River Basin
Energy study fieglon,
Fourth Ministry of Machine Building, Beijing (China).
|. Earl Whltlatch, and John A. AldrTch. Aug 80, 122p
fPA-600/7-81-051
grants EPA-R-805589, EPA-R-805803
See also PB82-1 10354. Prepared by Ohio State Univ.,
Columbus.
The report was prepared In support of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multldisolpllnary policy
research program. Findings are presented on the ade-
quacy of current review procedures, criteria, and public
Participation in energy facility siting (EPS) for nuclear
and coal-fired power plants. Case studies of EFS are
presented in detail for three coal-fired power plants:
East Bend (Kentucky), Klllen (Ohio), and Mountaineer
[west Virginia). Emphasis is placed on determining as-
Pects of licensing procedures, siting criteria, and siting
methodologies that influence the form and extent of
Public participation. Overall, the report concludes that
jnere has been a lack of public involvement, especially
gpth before and during the Draft Environmental Impact
Statement (DEIS) phase.
Keywords: "Plant locations, "Public opinion, "Environ-
mental surveys, Electric power plants, Sites, Kentucky,
Ohio, West Virginia, Permits, "Coal fired power plants,
Nuclear power plants, Ohio River Basin Energy
otudy.
PB82-1 10339 PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
utflce of Research and Development.
Energy Production and Residential Heating: Tax-
ation, Subsidies, and Comparative Costs,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL
guane Chapman, Kathleen Cole, and Michael Slott.
?«P 81 , 53p EPA-600/7-81 -049
grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
This analysis Is In support of the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy re-
search program supported by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. It examines the effect of economic in-
centives on public and private decisions affecting
energy production and use, focusing on the economics
°f coal and nuclear power generation and of house-
noid space and water heating.
'Nuclear power plants, 'Space heating,
Hot water heating, Economic analysis, Cost analysis,
financing, Comparison, "Coal-fired power plants, Fi-
nancial Incentives.
£882-1 10347 PC A09/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
oftee of Research and Development.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study: Land Use and
Terrestrial Ecology,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
i- C. Randolph, and William w. Jones. Sep 81 , 1 77p
EPA-600/7-81 -062
grant EPA-R-805609
Prepared In cooperation with Indiana Unlv at Bloom-
Ington. See also report dated Jan 81 , PB81 -161 788.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisclpUnary policy
research program. It represents the final technical
report summarizing land use and terrestrial ecology
data and analyses conducted for the study. The
ORBES region consists of all of Kentucky, most of
West Virginia, and substantial portions of Illinois, Indi-
ana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. This I22 million acre
region has a variety of land uses, which are summa-
rized here. Also discussed is the terrestrial ecology of
the region (climate, physiography, soils, flora, fauna,
and ecosystem dynamics). For the various ORBES
energy development scenarios, land use conversion
due to energy-related use was calculated, and impacts
on terrestrial ecology were determined by application
01 the terrestrial ecosystem assessment methodology
developed for ORBES.
Keywords: "Ohio River Basin, "Land use, "Electric
Power generation, Ecology, Environmental impact,
Electric power plants, Natural gas, Nuclear fuels,
Pennsylvania. Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois, Indi-
ana, Ohio, 'Energy source development, Environment
protection, Coal fired power plants, Economic growth,
Energy conservation.
PB82-110364 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Site-Specific Socioeconomic Impacts: Seven Case
Studies In the Ohio River Basin Energy Study
Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Steven I. Gordon, and Anna S. Graham. Aug 80,99p
EPA-600/7-81-063
Grant EPA-R-80SS89
See also PB81-161788, and PB82-110321. Prepared
by Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. The general project focus Is on the
regional Impacts of various alternative energy develop-
ment futures in the study region, which consists of all
of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, and substantial
portions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
However, certain generalizations made at the regional
level remain incompletely tested at the local scale;
these questions may be especially important for some
of the socioeconomic impacts associated with energy
development. In this report, seven case study areas in
the ORBES region are examined in terms of popula-
tion, housing, economic status, and public services,
and impacts of the ORBES scenarios In terms of popu-
lation, housing, services, and taxes are presented. Fi-
nally, a method for generalization of the results is dis-
cussed, and a set of classifications of potentially im-
pacted counties Is presented and compared with the
case study examples.
Keywords: "Energy conservation, "Socioeconomic
status, Forecasting, Scenarios, "Ohio River Basin
Energy Study.
PB82-110545 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Landfill Qas and Leachate Monitoring: Helena,
Montana - A Technical Assistance Panels Pro-
gram Report Final rept.,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
Roger Baker, Marc Jewett, David Jubenville, David
Kuntz, and Burke Lokey. Jul 81,63p EPA-908/6-81 -
002
Contract EPA-68-01-6008
Leachate contamination of ground water and methane
gas production are potential problems associated with
solid wastes deposited In landfills. Expanding urban
areas may utilize former sites for residential building
sites, schools, and parks. This report presents an ex-
ample of a method which can be used to design a per-
manent methane gas and leachate monitoring pro-
gram from a relatively Inexpensive preliminary investi-
gation. The monitoring program was conducted on a
landfill located within the city limits of Helena, Montana
In 1980. A barhole punch survey was conducted to de-
lineate areas of methane gas concentrations and to
guide placement of wells. Seven monitoring wells were
drilled, logged, and samples were collected. An MSA
Model 53 Gaacope was used to measure the percent
of volume of gas In air and the lower explosive limit of
the gas. Water samples were analyzed In a laboratory
under selected parameters. Preliminary findings Indi-
cated that only a moderate amount of methane gas is
being generated and migration of the gas appeared to
be minimal. Leachate from the landfill did not appear to
have contaminated the ground water. The report rec-
ommends that a long term water quality and methane
gas monitoring program be instituted and estimates
costs of such a program.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Solid waste disposal, Leach-
ing, Montana, Methane, Water pollution, Ground
water, Monitoring, Gas production, Sewage, Water
quality, Helena(Montana), EPA region 8.
PB82-110669 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste. '
Data Collection and Analyses Pertinent to EPA's
Development of Guidelines for Procurement of
Highway Construction Products Containing Re-
covered Materials. Volume I: Issues and Technical
Summary.
Franklin Associates Ltd., Prairie Village, KS.
1981,195pEPA/SW/MS-2096-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -6014
Prepared in cooperation with Valley Forge Labs., Inc.,
Devon, PA.
The primary objective of this study Is to prepare a base
of quantitative and qualitative Information relating to
the writing of guidelines for government procurement
of four categories of recovered materials which are
suitable for use In highway construction.
Keywords: 'Materials, recovery, "Construction materi-
als, 'Guidelines, 'Solid waste disposal, Utilization, Fly
ash, Electric power plants, Dust, Kilns, Tires, Inciner-
ators, Cement, Highways, National government, Real-
dues, "Waste utilization, Resource Recovery Act, Tire
recycling.
PB82-110685 PCA06/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Limestone Dual Alkali Prototype
System at Plant Scholz: Final Report. Rept. for Sep
78-Mar81,
Thyssen-CEA Environmental Systems, Inc., New York.
J. A. Valencia, J. F. Peirson, Jr., and G. J. Ramans. Aug
81,113pEPA-600/7-81-141B
Contract EPA-68-02-3128
See also report for Oct 78-Mar 80, PB81 -247421. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Little (Arthur D.), Cambridge,
MA.
The report gives results of a 2-month test (February/
March 1981) of the limestone dual alkali process at an
existing 20 MW prototype facility at Gulf Power Com-
pany's Scholz Steam Plant. The project was Intended
to evaluate the technical feasibility of the process at a
prototype scale and to develop sufficient technical In-
formation leading to the implementation of the process
at a full commercial scale. Due to budgetary limita-
tions, the test was reduced from 6 to 2 months. Al-
though the technology appears to be technically feasi-
ble, further testing is necessary before a conclusive
evaluation Is made; some refinement of the process is
still needed. Excellent SO2 removal efficiencies (over
95%) were achieved; limestone utilizations were also
high, over 97%. The solids properties ranged from ex-
cellent to poor. The generation of poor solids was the
most significant process problem. The solids content
in the filter cake ranged from 35 to 45% (below the an-
ticipated 55%). The soda ash consumption of 0.29
moles of Na2C03/mole of S02 removed far exceeded
the design consumption of 0.04 moles. Much of this
consumption was due to leaks and other liquor losses
In the system.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Electruc power
plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Tech-
nology, Sulfur dioxide, Feasibility, Performance evalua-
tion, Florida, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing, 'Gulf Power Company, Solid wastes,
Sneads(Florida).
PB82-110693 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of Automatic Control System to Maintain
Constant Percentage SO2 Retention In a Pressur-
ized FBC. Final rept. Sep 79-Dec 80,
General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY.
K. J. Daniel, S. D. Flnnigan, and R. M. Relnstrom. Sep
81.174p EPA-600/7-81-154
Contract EPA-68-02-3131
The report gives results of an assessment of the feasi-
bility of using automatic controls to maintain a constant
percentage SO2 removal in a pressurized fluldized-
bed boiler (PFB) system as variations occur; e.g., In
coal sulfur content or sorbent reactivity. The Clean Air
Act amendments of 1977 Indicate that future emission
standards for SO2 should be based on a percentage
reduction (comparing sulfur emissions with sulfur
feed). In a PFB, sulfur feed (coal sulfur content, feed
rate) and sulfur removal effectiveness (sorbent reactiv-
ity, feed rate) vary continually during operation. A tran-
sient model of a PFB plant has been developed, vali-
dated, and used to assess automatic control options.
The preferred control option identified in the assess-
ment would continuously monitor the sulfur content in
the feed coal, and would adjust the sorbent feed rate
to maintain a constant sorbent-calclum/coal-sulfur-
feed ratio. Such a system would minimize, but not
eliminate, the need for excess sorbent feed to ensure
that the PFB did not exceed the specified percentage
SO2 reduction on a 30-day average. The required
techniques to continuously monitor coal sulfur content
have not yet been commercially demonstrated.
December 1983 1181
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Fluidized bed processors, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Air pollution control, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Automatic control, As-
sessments.
PB82-110701 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Evaluation of an Industrial Spray
Dryer for S02 Control. Final rept. Mar 80-Jun 81,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
James A. Kezerle, Steve W. Mulligan, Dave-Paul
Dayton, and Patricia J. Perry. Aug 81,274p EPA-600/
7-81-143
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives results of a test to evaluate the S02
removal performance of the lime-spray-dryer/fabric-
filter system treating flue gas from the stoker-coal-fired
boiler at Celanese's Amcelle plant in Cumberland, MD,
in August/September 1980. Continuous monitors were
used to collect data according to EPA procedures for
compliance testing. Data were collected for 23 days
with the boiler operating at about half load. In addition
to evaluating SO2 removal by dry flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, operating experience with the boiler and spray-
dryer/baghouse system was obtained for 5 months,
ending September 30,1980. Data were reduced to ex-
press SO2 removal on a mass per unit energy input
basis as prescribed by EPA. Test results showed the
mean SO2 removal efficiency to be 70% (standard de-
viation of + or - 9%) when the sulfur content of the bi-
tuminous coal averaged 2%. This efficiency generally
was 60-80%, except during system upsets. During the
last week of testing, daily S02 removal averaged
about 80%. System availability was 73% over the 25
days of testing and 96% over the last week. Report ap-
pendices provide data and computer averages for S02
removal and the computer program used for data re-
duction.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Spray drying, Performance evaluation, Flue gases, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Boilers, Parti-
cles,'Fabric filters.
PB82-110727 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of an Identification Kit for Spilled
Hazardous Materials. Final rept. Jul 76-Mar 79,
Army Armament Research and Development Com-
mand, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Chemical Sys-
tems Lab.
A. Silvestri, M. Razulis, A. Goodman, A. Vasquez, and
A. R. Jones, Jr. Sep 81,88p* EPA-600/2-81 -194
The Chemical Systems Laboratory (CSL) has devel-
oped a field kit to identify spilled hazardous materials
in inland waters and on the ground. The Hazardous
Materials Spills Identification Kit is a two-component
kit consisting 9) an Inverter/shortwave UV lamp unit
for photochemical reactions and a larger package con-
taining reagents and auxiliary equipment. The Identifi-
cation kit was designed as an adjunct to EPA's Haz-
ardous Materials Detector Kit to utilize existing Instru-
mentation, equipment, and procedures. Thirty-six ma-
terials, representative of those with the greatest
hazard potential, were selected and commercial
sources were screened. Procedures selected for the
kit include: thin-layer chromatography, detector tubes,
detector papers, CHEMets, an arsine/Qutzelt test, and
a number of color development procedures for use
with the thin-layer chromatography. In addition, meth-
ods were developed for recovery of contaminants from
water and soil. All information pertinent to Identification
of 36 specific materials was designed Into a compact
data retrieval system, which Is Included In the kit. Two
prototype kits were delivered to EPA. along with a
supply of consumable materials for evaluation. In addi-
tion, manuals, engineering drawings, and parts lists
were provided.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical analysis,
'Kits, Laboratory equipment, Thin layer chromatogra-
phy, Soil analysis, Water analysis, Procedures.
PB82-110735 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Economic Losses In the Columbus SMSA Due to
Long-Range Transport of Airborne Residuals In
the Ohio River Basin Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Walter P. Page, and John M. Gowdy. Oct 81,129p
EPA-600/7-81-161
Grant EPA-R-805585
Prepared in cooperation with West Virginia Univ., Mor-
gantown.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. The ORBES region covers all of
Kentucky, most of West Virginia, southwestern Penn-
sylvania, and substantial portions of Illinois, Indiana
and Ohio. Central Ohio is an area where the long-
range transport of air pollutants is a problem, and a rel-
atively small increase in pollution emitted from sources
within the SMSA could cause the area to violate feder-
al primary standards for sulfur dioxide and particulates.
This report estimates the potential loss in economic
product to the Columbus SMSA by calculating the dif-
ference in economic output between (1) the projected
increase in potential output possible under existing air
quality regulations without additional background pol-
lution from new out-of-area fossil fuel power plants and
(2) the projected increase in output possible when this
additional source of pollution is taken into account. Es-
timated losses are provided for seven different
ORBES scenarios.
Keywords: 'Airpollution, Transport properties, Electric
power plants, Economics, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, In-
dustrial wastes, Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylva-
nia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, 'Ohio River Basin Energy
Study Region, 'Path of pollutants, 'Air quality.
PB82-111378 PCA12/MFA01
Inorganic Analyses In Water Quality Control Pro-
grams: Instructor's Guide,
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Audrey Kroner. Jul 81,253p EPA-430/1-81-016
See also report dated Aug 78, PB-297 714.
This manual is designed for use by instructors who will
have to teach others how to perform analyses for se-
lected Inorganic pollutants. It Is to be used in conjunc-
tion with the training manual bearing the same title
(PB-297 714). It includes topics related to the presen-
tation of training courses in which the analyses would
be taught. These topics include: the course descrip-
tion, personnel needed to conduct the training, the
course agenda, a milestones list for planning and pre-
paring the course, instructional resources available to
support the instruction and a list of equipment and
supply requirements. Also included are Instructional
Package Worksheets (lesson plans) giving details rela-
tive to presenting instruction regarding each of the
analyses covered in the associated student training
manual.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Inorganic compounds,
'Manuals, 'Handbooks, Chemical analysis, Water pol-
lution, Sampling, Safety, Laboratory equipment, Volu-
metric analysis, pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Accuracy, Pho-
tometry, Nitrites, Inorganic nitrates, Fluorides, Calci-
um, Magnesium, Chlorination, Calibrating, Phospho-
rus, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-111469 PCA17/MFA01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Airborne Radioactive Emission Control Technolo-
gy. Volume I,
Dames and Moore, White Plains, NY.
L. Skoski, R. Berlin, D. Corby, J. Clancy, and G.
Hoopes. Mar 80,385p ORP-CR-81-5A
Contract EPA-68-01-4992
See also Volume 2, PB82-110271 .Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
This report reviews the current and future control tech-
nology for airborne emissions from a wide variety of In-
dustries/facilities, Includlmg uranium mining and mill-
ing, other nuclear fuel cycle facilities, other NRC-li-
censed and DOE facilities, fossil fuel facilities, select-
ed metal and non-metal extraction Industries, and
others. Where specific radioactivity control technology
Is lacking a description of any existing control technol-
ogy Is given. Future control technology Is assessed In
terms of improvements to equipment performance and
process alterations. A catalogue of Investigated re-
search on advanced control technologies is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Air pollution control,
Sources, Forecasting, Technology, Uranium mines.
Drugs, Nuclear reactor materials, Metal Industry, Fossil
fuels, Crushed stone, Iron and steel Industry, Fluorite,
Bauxite, Copper, Phosphate industry, Geothermal
power plants.
PB82-111618 PCA17/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Helena, MT.
Impact of Canadian Power Plant Development
and Flow Apportionment on the Poplar Rlv«r
Basin. Final environmental impact statement.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
Jun 81,392JJ TETRAT-TC-3254, EPA-908/5-81 -003
Contract EPA-68-01-4873
A 300 megawatt coal-fired power plant has been con-
structed by Saskatchewan Power Corporation on the
East Fork of the Poplar River about 4 miles north of the
International Boundary, another 300 megawatt unit Is
under construction. The power plant and associated
reservoir will result in a water use and will modify the
transboundary flow of the Poplar River. This Els ad-
dresses the impacts of several flow apportionment al-
ternatives in addition to other potential impacts of the
power plant on the U.S. part of the Poplar River Basin.
The Poplar River flows will be reduced under condi-
tions of the recommended apportionment. These re-
duced flows result in less water available for irrigation
expansion. Fumigation under very stable conditions
could result in elevated SO2 concentrations. The
impact of fumigation events would be minimal because
of the small area affected by one event. Comparison of
the predicted concentrations of SO2, NOx and particu-
lates with acute and chronic threshold limits for select-
ed plant species indicated no detectable impacts on
the terrestrial vegetation.
Keywords: 'Reservoirs, 'Poplar River, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Electric power plants, Alloca-
tions, Irrigation, Water supply, Water flow, Fishes,
Wildlife, Sulfur dioxide, Plants(Botany), Fumigation, Air
pollution, Farm crops, Water consumption, Montana,
'Low flow. :
PB82-111717 PCA11/MFA01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH. ;
O and M Considerations In the Construction
Grants Process: Instructor's Manual. Final rept,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Dan D. Siebeneicher. Jun 81,236p EPA-430/1-80-003
Grant EPA-T901-051-010
SeealsoPB82-111725.
Designed for a 3-112 day course on Operations and
Maintenance (O&M) Considerations in the construc-
tion grants process, this manual outlines procedures in
the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Construction Grants Program which should be taken to
achieve improved operation and maintenance of
wastewater treatment facilities. Contents include
lesson plans, references to handout sheets and the
use of slides.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Manuals, Instructional
materials, Operations, Maintenance, Waste water,
Equipment, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-111725 PCA11/MFA01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
0 and M Considerations In the Construction
Grants Process: Participant Handbook. Final rept,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Dan D. Siebeneicher. Jun 81,250p EPA-430-1-80-
017-8-017
Grant EPA-T901 -051 -010
See also PB82-111717.
Designed for a 3-1/2 day course on Operations and
Maintenance (O&M) Considerations in the construc-
tion grants process, this handbook outlines proce-
dures in the USEPA Construction Grants Program
which should be taken to achieve improved operation
and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities. In-
dividual chapters deal with: 0 and M Considerations In
Steps 1, 2, and 3 of the Construction Grants Process,
1182 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Services, and O and M Concerns in Inspec-
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Handbooks, Mainte-
nance, Inspection, Operations, Checkout, "Construc-
tion Grants program, Priorities.
PB82-111816 PCA05/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
>Jn.
Jf>«fmal Conversion of Municipal Wastewater
Sludge, Phase II: Study of Heavy Metal Emissions.
final rept. Aug 78-Jan 80.
~™ „„, ,lultion Commission, New York.
*ep 81,96p EPA-600/2-81 -203
Grant EPA-R-804463
Prepared by Nichols Engineering and Research Corp.,
Belle Mead, NJ.
The object of this work was to compare and analyze
neavy metal emissions associated with the thermal
conversion (Incineration) processes which can be con-
noted In a multiple-hearth furnace to dry municipal
wastewater (sewage) sludge and reduce its volume by
forming an ash or char. Sludge for this project was ob-
winedlrom Jersey City, New Jersey. It contains about
H percent solids which were increased to between 40
fl! i?° Percent solid by adding polymer as a filter aid
and filtering it in a 4 ft x 4 ft pilot filter press having ex-
pandable rubber diaphragm plates. A pilot scale multl-
P'e-nearth furnace, .91 m (36 inch) 10x6 hearth was
• 2? 'ne thermal conversion process. Sludge was
i. llected to thermal conversion at the conditions: (1)
"jcineration at 900C (1625F); (2) Low Temperature
Aversion at 700C (1290F) (starved air combustion
orpyrolysis); (3) High Temperature Conversion at
2>W; (1290F) (starved air combustion or pyrolysis).
results indicated that the low temperature conversion
substantially retained cadmium, lead, and beryllium in
"w ash or char when compared to incineration. How-
ever, the ash retained far more silver during inciner-
ation than it did during high or low temperature conver-
sion.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Incinerators,
oiudge disposal, Air pollution, Furnaces, Sampling,
..SI,ormance evaluation, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Be-
"Yllium, "Heavy metals, "Sewage sludge.
1*882-112087 PC A08/MF A01
Rational Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
responsibilities to Address O and M Consider-
ations In the Construction Grants Process: Partici-
pant Handbook. Final rept,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Dan D. Siebeneicher. May 81,157p EPA-430/1 -80-
Grant EPA-T901-051-01-0
5>ee also Instructor's Manual, PB82-112095.
Designed for a 1 day workshop on 0 & M Consider-
ations in the construction grants process, this hand-
book outlines procedures In the USEPA Construction
Grants Program which should be taken by local offi-
cials to assure that operation and maintenance are
given full attention throughout the Construction Grants
Process. Individual chapters deal with: Grantee Re-
sponsibilities - What to Look For, Operational Consid-
erations, Plan of Operation, Elements of a Good O & M
Manual, Start-Up Services and Inspections.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Handbooks, Guide-
lines, Maintenance.
JJW2-112095 PC A06/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Responsibilities to Address 0 and M Consider-
ations In the Construction Grants Process: In-
structor's Manual. Final rept,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Dan D. Siebeneicher. Aug 81,118p EPA-430/1 -80-
QrantEPA-T901-051-01-0
See also Participant Handbook, PB82-112087.
Designed for a 1 day workshop on O & M Consider-
ations In the construction grants process, this manual
outlines procedures in the USEPA Construction Grants
Program which should be taken by loca; officials to
assure that operation and maintenance are given full
attention throughout the Construction Grants Process.
Contents include lesson plans, references to handout
sheets and the use of slides.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Handbooks, Guide-
lines, Maintenance.
PB82-112111 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
The Ohio River Basin Energy Facility Siting Model.
Volume II: Sites and On-Une Dates,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Gary L. Fowler, Robert E. Bailey, Steven D. Jansen, J.
C. Randolph, and W. W. Jones. Sep 81,145p EPA-
600/7-81-043
Grants EPA-R-805589, EPA-R-805609
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Circle, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, and Indiana Univ.,
Bloomlngton. Sponsored In part by Grant EPA-R-
805588. See also PB81-161788.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
• research program. The siting model developed for
ORBES Is specifically designed for regional policy
analysis. The region includes 423 counties in an area
that consists of all of Kentucky and substantial por-
tions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West
Virginia. This volume contained detailed schedules of
county-level sites and on-line dates for coal-fired and
nuclear-fueled generating unit additions for each
ORBES scenario.
Keywords: "Ohio River Basin, "Electric power genera-
tion, Site surveys, Mathematical models, Regional
planning, Policies, Nuclear power plants, Electric
power plants, West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Energy source development,
Coal fired power plants, Scenarios.
PB82-112194 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Electrical Generating Unit Inventory, 1976-1986: Il-
linois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and
West Virginia,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Steven D. Jansen. Sep 81,94p EPA-600/7-81-057
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. See also
report dated Jan 81, PB81-161788.
The report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program. The ORBES region consists of all
of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, substantial parts of
Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and southwestern Pennsyl-
capacity in commercial service as of December 1,
1976, and scheduled capacity additions and removals
between 1977 and 1986 in the six ORBES states (Illi-
nois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West
Virginia). The following information is included for each
electrical generating unit: unit ID code, company index,
whether Joint or industrial ownership, plant name,
whether Inside or outside the ORBES region, FIPS
county code, type of unit, size In megawatts, type of
megawatt rating, status of unit, date of commercial op-
eration (actual or scheduled), scheduled retirement
date (H any), primary fuel, alternate fuel, type of cool-
ing, source of cooling water, and source of information.
Keywords: "Ohio River Basin, "Electric power plants,
Electric power generation, Nuclear power plants, Hy-
droelectric power generation, Pennsylvania, Illinois, In-
diana, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia, Energy source
development, Coal fired power plants, Waste neat utili-
zation, Energy conservation.
PB82-112293 PC A04/MF A01
TSCA (Toxic Substances Contra! Act) Statue
Report for Existing Chemicals. Toxics Integration
Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Doreen Sterling, Susan Bloodworth, Patricia Grim, and
Allcemary Leach. Jul 81,67p* EPA-560/TIIS-81 -004
The TSCA Status Report (TSR) for Existing Chemicals
provides current Information on the regulatory/assess-
ment status of chemicals of Interest to the Office of
Toxic Substances under the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA).
Keywords: Assessments, Regulations, Tables(Data),
Chemical compounds, Environmental surveys, "Toxic
substances, Toxic substances Control Act.
PB82-112384 PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Radon Transport Through and Exhalation from
Building Materials: A Review and Assessment. In-
terim rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
R. Colle, R. J. Rubin, L. I. Knab, and J. M. R.
Hutchlnson. Sep 81,107p NBS-TN-1139
Sponsored in part by Office of Radiation Programs,
Washington. DC.
This report was prepared, at the request of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, for the purpose of
reviewing, assessing, and summarizing what is cur-
rently known about radon transport through and exha-
lation from building materials. In four chapters, the
report (1) considers the routes of entry of radon Into
buildings, describes the basic models for radon trans-
port through building materials, critically reviews the
small number of existing values for the necessary
transport coefficients, and summarizes the solutions of
both steady-state and .time-dependent transport
cases; (2) reviews and considers how the mlcrostruc-
tural properties and internal characteristics of building
materials may affect the transport and exhalation or
radon; (3) considers the exhalation process from a
more macroscopic, phenomenological viewpoint, and
summarizes selected experimental data on radium
concentrations in building materials, radon flux and ex-
halation from soils and building materials, and the ef-
fects of meteorological variables on radon exhalation;
and (4) reviews and assesses various measurement
methodologies that are used for laboratory and in situ
studies of radon transport and exhalation. Needs for
further research in each area are also recommended.
Keywords: "Buildings, "Construction materials,
"Radon, "Transport properties, Gas sampling, Flux
density, Fluid flow, Concrete, Permeability.
PB82-112400 PC A02/MF A01
Compilation of Inspection/Maintenance Facts and
Figures. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Jane Armstrong, and Eugene Tierney. Jun 81,22p
EPA-AA-IMS/81-15
Since the passage of the 1977 Amendments to the
Clean Air Act, a great deal of information has been as-
sembled about vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/
M) programs. Laboratory studies, surveys, and investi-
gations of operating I/M programs have been conduct-
ed to quantify the costs and benefits and to project the
impact of these programs on air quality, this report
compiles and summarizes the latest technical informa-
tion available from these studies for the use of policy
makers and planners. The facts and figures in this
report have been gathered from the technical reports
referenced at the end of the document. Interested
readers are encouraged to obtain these reports for ad-
ditional information.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Inspection, "Mainte-
nance, Air pollution, Fuel consumption. Cost analysis,
Cost effectiveness, Public opinion.
PB82-112434 PCA02/MFA01
Discussion of the Selection Coverage and Fre-
quency Alternatives In Inspection and Mainte-
nance Programs. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Jane A. Armstrong. Aug 81,20p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -17
Automobile Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) program
managers are faced with many decisions when design-
ing and Implementing an emissions inspection pro-
gram on how to best serve the needs of their local
area. All of these decisions are Impacted by both tech-
nical and socio-economic considerations. This report
will examine those decisions which concern the cover-
age of the program and the frequency of Inspection.
Specifically, this report addresses the concerns sur-
rounding the selection of the geographic area, vehicle
classes, and model years included In the program. Ad-
ditionally this report discusses the Impact of including
December 1983 1183
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
change-of-ownershlp Inspection and/or random road-
side checks along with the annual cycle.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, Air pollution, Decision making, Scheduling.
PB82-112442 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Super-Mag Fuel Extender. Tech-
nical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
H. Anthony Ashby. Aug 81,14p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -30
The Super-Mag is a retrofit device marketed by Valor
Enterprises, Inc. of West Milton, Ohio. It consists of a
set or magnets and sheet metal plates that are In-
stalled around an automobile's fuel line near the car-
buretor in a box-like arrangement. Valor Enterprises
makes no claim in the Installation instructions nor In its
packaging for Increased fuel economy or reduced
emissions. On the package label this statement ap-
pears, Transforms Molecular Properties of Liquid Fuel
to Maxium Combustion Efficiency.' The conclusions
from EPA device evaluations can be considered quan-
tatlvely valid only for the specific test vehicles used;
however, it Is reasonable to extrapolate the results
from the EPA Evaluation of other vehicles In a direc-
tional manner. That is, to suggest that similar results
are likely to be achieved on other vehicles. Neither fuel
economy or exhaust emissions were affected by the
installation of the Super-Mag device on the cars used
In this evaluation.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Performance evaluation, Air pollu-
tion, Fuel systems, Super-Mag devices.
PB82-112897 PC A04/MF A01
Analysis of LDV and LOT Non-Methane HC Stand-
ards. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jay Wallace, and Mark Wolcott. Sep 81,60p EPA-AA-
TEB-EF-81-2
This report describes the analysis performed by the
Test and Evaluation Branch to support the 1983 and
later model year LDV and LOT non-methane HC regu-
lations being considered by the Standards Develop-
ment and Support Branch. This analysis examined the
air quality impact of such a standard in both low and
high altitude non-California areas under the presence
and absence of Inspection and maintenance (I,M).
Four unique control strategies were examined for each
altitude and I/M combination.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Trucks, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Air pollution control equipment, Catalytic con-
verters, Tables(Data), Light duty vehicles, Light duty
trucks.
PB82-113028 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Evaluation of Alternatives for the Ultimate
Disposal of Krypton-85: Task 1 - Compilation of
Alternatives,
Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah, Inc., Salt Lake City.
B. J. Thamer, C. M. Mlhlfeith, and P. J. Macbeth. Jun
70,214p
Contract EPA-68-01-5001
Task 1 reviews the literature on the immobilization and
storage of krypton-85. In all, seventeen methods are
reviewed including steel cylinders at 500 and 2000 psl
zeolites, ion impFantation/sputtering krypton loaded
solid set in a matrix, etc. A bibliography is provided for
each technique. Task 2 compares twenty immobiliza-
tion/storage techniques in terms of technical feasibili-
ty, safety, relative cost, and 'other factors' which in-
clude retrievability, sociopolitical considerations, and
transportatlonal aspects. Two promising storage tech-
niques (ion Implantation and subatmospheric storage
in tanks), along with the reference cases of 500 psi
and 2000 psi storage in steel cylinders are considered
with respect to ultimate disposal techniques in Task 3.
The ultimate disposal techniques considered are stor-
age In a building, storage in a dry well, storage in deep
geological media and ocean disposal. Specific designs
are described in terms of achlevabillty, environmental
hazards, and comparative costs whenever possible.
Keywords: 'Krypton 85, Storage, Safety, Cost compar-
ison, Cylinders, Radioactive wastes, Radiation haz-
ards, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Marine disposal,
Underground disposal.
PB82-113135 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Dlv.
Sulfurle Acid Health Effects. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie L. Carson, Betty L. Herndon, Harry V. Ellis, III,
Larry H. Baker, and Eileen Horn. Aug 81,187p EPA-
460/3-81-025
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposures to sulfurlc acid was collected, evaluated,
tabulated, and summarized. Approximately 300 docu-
ments were collected from computerized and manual
literature searches covering the period 1931-1981.
Pharmacologists and an M.p. epidemiologist rated the
documents according to their applicability to the study
and their methodology. Those (approx. 150) docu-
ments considered useful for deriving a range of con-
cern for human exposure to sulfuric acid from automo-
tive emissions were tabulated. The 110 pages of*
tables detail the results of acute, repeated dose, and
chronic testing of mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs,
rabbits, cats, monkeys, dogs, sheep, donkeys, and
humans as well as human occupational and epidemic-
logical studies. Most of the documents evaluated are
described in an annotated bibliography.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Res-
piration, Exhaust emissions, Epidemiology, Respirato-
ry system, Toxic tolerances, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Automobile exhaust, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB82-113341 PCAOS/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Envirnmental Engineering and Technology.
An Economic Analysis of Coal Supply In the Ohio
River Basin Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Walter P. Page. Oct81,83p EPA-600/7-81-162
Grant EPA-R-805585
Prepared in cooperation with West Virginia Univ., Mor-
gantown.
This report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidiscipllnary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Using the energy and fuel demand
model developed for the ORBES region (all of Ken-
tucky, most of West Virginia, substantial portions of Illi-
nois, Indiana and Ohio and southwestern Pennsylva-
nia), coal production levels were projected. A separate
research effort allocated the tonnage to producing di
trlcts by mine and coal type. The coal supply work f
cused on Identifying the coal supply districts that have
historically served the ORBES region and estimating
the resource depletion costs associated with expand-
ed levels of coal production between 1974 and 2000.
Keywords: 'Coal, Production, Supply(Economics),
Demand(Economlcs), Ohio River Basin, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, West Virginia,
Tables(Data), Statistical data, 'Energy supplies.
PB82-113374 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Drum Reconditioning Process Optimization. Final
rept. Oct 79-Jun 81,
Touhill, Shuckrow and Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
C. J. Touhill. Sep 81,68p EPA-600/2-81 -233
Contract EPA-68-03-2905
This report completes a three-part EPA program to
assess barrel and drum reconditioning processes. The
intent of the report is to provide recommendations for
upgrading and optimizing drum reconditioning proc-
esses to enable facilities to meet rigorous environmen-
tal standards. Data are summarized for a sampling and
analysis test program conducted at three drum recon-
ditioning plants. Collected data are compared with typi-
cal pollutant concentrations reported for the Industry.
Sampling and analysis results are used to assess the
potentiafenvironmental impact of reconditioning oper-
ations in terms of current regulations for air, water, and
solid waste pollution control. Pollution control needs of
the industry are evaluated, and methods for upgrading
and optimizing current Industry practice are recom-
mended. These recommendations specifically relate
to identified pollutant pathways. In addition, research
needs are Identified tor pollution control processes
and procedures requiring additional effort before they
can be used with confidence.
Keywords: *Drurns(Conta!ners), *Barrel(Contalners),
'Environmental surveys, Solid waste disposal, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Sampling, Assessment, Indus-
trial wastes, Procedures.
PB82-113382 PC A08/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Barrel and Drum Reconditioning Industry Status
Profile. Interim rept. Oct 79-Oct 80,
Touhill, Shuckrow and Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
C. J. Touhill. Sep 81,175p EPA-600/2-81 -232
Contract EPA-68-03-2905
This report is an industry profile of drum reconditioning
process characteristics and the current status of pol-
lutant generation and disposal. An overview of the re-
conditioning industry describes number, location, and
types of facilities, and estimates the volumes of drums
processed. Drum characteristics, new drum produc-
tion, and users are defined. In addition, personnel and
operating procedures commonly employed within the
industry are enumerated. Costs for new and recondi-
tioned drums are compared. Washing and burning
processes for reconditioning are described in detail
along with operating and design criteria for individual
unit operations. The detailed descriptions define typi-
cal Industry practice. Processing procedures which In-
fluence product quality and environmental pollutant
generation are discussed. Special emphasis is given to
the processing of pesticide containers, especially with
regard to the ability of reconditioning procedures to de-
toxify pesticide residuals. Current status of pollution
control practice Is defined in terms of processes and
equipment, operating procedures, disposal practices,
removal efficiencies, and costs. In many cases, U.S.
practice is compared with that abroad.
Keywords: 'Barrels(Containers), *Drums(Containera),
'Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Pesticides, Resi-
dues, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Liquid
wastes, State of the art.
PB82-113390 PCA13/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Testing and Analysis of a Wet-Dry Crossflow
Cooling Towsr, Volume II: Appendices. Final rept
Jul77-May81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Dlv. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
D. L. Ayers, M. R. Hogan, A. E. Hribar, and R. A.
Lucheta. Jul 81,282p TVA/OP/EDT-81 /47B, EPA-
600/7-81-106B
See also Volume 1, PB82-103771. Prepared In coop-
eration with Westinghouse Research and Develop-
ment Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
The report discusses the test program and perform-
ance analysis of a single-cell mechanical-draft wet/dry
cooling tower In Cllffslde, NC. Objectives of the pro-
gram were to obtain performance data and results on
mass transfer, heat transfer, fluid flow, plume forma-
tion, and acoustic characteristics for comparison with
models/theories. Correlations are presented for the
wet-fill mass transfer coefficient, wet-fill water loss,
Colburn j-factor for the finned tubes, and fan efficiency
In terms of one or more of the following: water loading
In the tubes, air loading over the fins, log mean humidi-
ty difference, outlet water temperature, Reynolds
number, and airflow rate. Acoustic data were fitted to a
series of curves for each of the eight octave bands. At-
tempts to model plume data failed. The report also de-
scribes the test facility, test procedures, Instrumenta-
tion, data acquisition, and data reduction.
Keywords: 'Cooling towers, Tests, Mass transfer,
Heat transfer, Plumes, Pollution, 'Mechanical draft
cooling towers.
PB82-113689 PC A06/MF AOl
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Development and Evaluation of an Ambient Viable
Mlcroblal Air Sampler,
IIT Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
Kerby F. Fannin, and Stanley C. Vana. Sep 81,102p
EPA-600/1-81-069
1184 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
grant EPA-R-805864
prepared in cooperation with Institute of Gas Technol-
ogy. Chicago, IL
Studies were performed to evaluate the suitability of
cyclone scrubber samplers and a continuously wetted
substrate for detection of several types of microorga-
nisms. The samplers were evaluated in a dynamic aer-
osol chamber using all-glass impingers as reference
samplers. Comparison or a stainless steel and a glass
cyclone scrubber sampler for detecting Bacillus subti-
"S var. niger spore aerosols of about 1.1-3.3 microme-
ters count median diameter showed no significant dif-
'erences in their relative collection efficiencies. Based
upon ease of construction, present usage, and poten-
wy availability, the glass cyclone scrubber was select-
60 for further evaluation. This sampler showed geo-
metric mean relative collection efficiencies, for B. sub-
™» var. niger spore aerosols, of 52% and 68%, de-
pending upon the composition of the disseminating
mild. In studies using different organisms, in similar
sized aerosols, this relative efficiency was 46% for
aerratia marcescens, 76% for f(2) coliphage, and 92%
w poliovirus type 1 . During the process of aerosoliza-
Jpn and collection, the greatest viability losses in both
me reference and cyclone scrubber samplers were ob-
served with poliovirus, followed by f(2) coliphage, and
a- marcescens. It was recommended that methods
"&W for detection of ambient viable microbial aerosols
DO standardized, that a selected standard sampler be
evaluated under a wide range of conditions for optimi-
zation of critical parameters, and that relative microbial
aerosol evaluations be performed with a reference
Ampler having a sensitivity similar to that of the test
sampler.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Samplers, 'Microorga-
nisms, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Aero-
sols, Scrubbers, Cyclone separators, Scrubbers, Labo-
ratory equipment, Wet methods.
£882-1 13879 PC A08/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
uffice of Research and Development.
•jWmatlng Regional Losses to Agricultural Pro-
ducers from Airborne Residuals In the Ohio River
wjfln Energy Study Region, 1976-2000,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Walter P. Page, James Ciecka, and Gary Arbogast.
I, 157p EPA-600/7-81-164
grants EPA-R-805585, EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with West Virginia Univ., Mor-
Wtown, and DePaul Univ., Chicago, IL.
This report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
°asin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
[^search program sponsored by the Environmental
"rotection Agency. It estimates monetary losses to ag-
ricultural producers from airborne residuals in the
ORBES region ( all of Kentucky, most of West Virginia,
southwestern Pennsylvania, and substantial portions
o' Illinois, Indiana and Ohio). Results are reported for
Wree ORBES energy development scenarios-a base
case; a case assuming non-compliance with state im-
plementation plans (SIPs); and a high electrical energy
growth case. Two different analyses are provided, one
oased on nominal load emissions from ORBES-region
utilities and the other based on peak load emissions.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, *Alr pollution,
Farm crops, Public health, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Scenarios, 'Ohio River Basin Energy
Study Region, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), State Im-
plementation Plans, Peaking power plants.
£B82-1 13887 PC A05/MF A01
nobert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Animal Wast* Effects Upon Crop Production, Soil
JUKI Runoff Waters,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Water Re-
sources Inst.
Maurice L Morton, John L Wiersma, Ronald R.
Schnabel, Ronald E. Beyer, and Charles G. Carlson.
Oct 81 , 88p EPA-600/2-81 -230
Grant EPA-R-803662
This investigation was initiated to study the effects of
application of differing rates of manure to land on
crops, soil, and runoff water. The study was conducted
under field conditions in the sub-humid climate of the
Northern Great Plains. Manure application rates in-
cluded levels from 0 to 180 MT/ha/yr. Manure applied
to field plots was incorporated using a chisel plow as
soon after application as possible. The test crop grown
on the manure treatment plots was corn. One-half of
the field plots were instrumented to automatically col-
lect samples of any runoff waters leaving the plots.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Farm
crops, 'Water pollution control, Volume, Corn plants,
Soil water, Field tests, 'Manure, Land application, High
Plains RegionfUnited States).
PB82-113903 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Capital Requirements and Busbar Costs for
Power In the Ohio River Basin, 1985 and 2000,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Richard Newcomb, and Bruce Bancroft. Oct 81,49p
EPA-600/7-81-163
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. See
also PB81-161788.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multidisciplinary policy
research program supported by the Environmental
Protection Agency. It provides estimates of capital-
output ratios and typical operating costs for the com-
parison of alternative energy development scenarios
in the ORBES region, which consists of all of Ken-
tucky, most of West Virginia, southwestern Pennsylva-
nia, and substantial portions of Illinois, Indiana and
Ohio. Three of the ORBES scenarios are considered: a
base case; an expanded export case, with the added
facilities fueled by nuclear energy; and a high growth
coal forecast.
Keywords: 'Electric power generation, Cost analysis,
Fixed investment, Operating costs, Requirements,
Ohio River Basin.
PB82-114075 PCA14/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report - Lurgl (Kosovo) Medlum-BTU
Gasification. Final rept. Mar 76-Mar 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. W. Lee, W. S. Seames, R. V. Collins, K. J.
Bombaugh, and G. C. Page. Aug 81,325p EPA-600/7-
81-142
Contracts EPA-68-02-3137, EPA-68-02-2147
See also PB80-183098.
The report summarizes an environmental data acquisi-
tion program involving a commercial-scale, medlum-
Btu, Lurgl gasification plant In the Kosovo region of
Yugoslavia. The program is sponsored jointly oy the
U.S. EPA and the government of Yugoslavia. The ob-
jective of the program was to characterize potential
environmental problems associated with coal gasifica-
tion in a Lurgl plant. Since Lurgi plants are being
planned for U.S. gasiflers, the program enabled the
EPA to study firsthand the possible environmental
problems which might be encountered. The Source
Analysis Model/IA fSAM/IA) was applied to the best
values of flow rates and concentrations of chemical
species from all field tests to identify and prioritize po-
tentially harmful discharges. The model was also ap-
plied to specific chemical species plantwide in the gas-
eous discharge streams. The primary conclusion of
this environmental assessment model Is that the proc-
ess exhibits a significant potential for pollution. All dis-
charge streams are potential vehicles for pollutant
transfer from the process to the environment The
streams with the highest priority for control, based on
their potential for adverse health effects In the three
discharge media, are the H2S-rich waste gas, phenolic
wastewater, and heavy tar (solid). When evaluated
using SAM/IA, sulfur compounds posed the largest
health problem from gases.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Coal gasification,
Mathematical models, Assessments, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Yugoslavia, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Sulfur inorganic compounds, Phenols,
Tars, Hydrogen sulfide, 'Lurgi process, Intermediate
btu gas, Solid wastes.
PB82-114224 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
proach to Urban Areas. Volume II: Tulsa,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, and S. D. Reynolds. May 81,
194p49R-81-EF81-116, EPA-450/4-81-005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3376
See also Volume 1, PB81-194169.
The EKMA was evaluated using applications in the
Tulsa area primarily by comparing the trajectory model
that forms the basis of the EKMA (OZIPP) with other,
more sophisticated, models. The study was carried out
at several levels, beginning with evaluation of OZIPP
and ending with an evaluation of the control-strategy
predictions that result from employing the EKMA Iso-
pleth methodology. The OZIPP trajectory model was
compared with the SAI Airshed Model and the SAI tra-
jectory model, as well as with some modified versions
of the original OZIPP model. The basic OZIPP model is
a simple, moving-air parcel, or trajectory, model that
uses a detailed chemical mechanism for the surrogate
propylene and butane hydrocarbons. The model treats
time-dependent, precursor-emission factors along with
expansion of the air parcel; entrapment is treated by
assuming that constant concentrations exist outside
the parcel. The primary emphasis of this comparison
study was directed toward the discovery of features in
the basic OZIPP model that could explain differences
in the results of the OZIPP model from those of some
other model.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Comparison, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Nomographs, Concentration(Comparison), Oklahoma,
•EKMA models, 'Tulsa(Oklahoma), OZIPP models,
SAI Airshed models, SAI Trajectory models, Emission
factors.
PB82-114286 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects of Carbon Monoxide and Ozone.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Jul 81,20p EPA-AA-IMS-81-8
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA.
The purpose of this report is to summarize the informa-
tion known about the health effects of carbon monox-
ide (CO) and ozone (03), and how that information is
used by EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards (NAAQS's). An additional purpose of this report is
to discuss the sources most likely to contribute to high
levels of CO and O3 and how EPA control programs
will reduce emissions from these sources in the future.
For ease in reading, all of the information in this report
is presented in question and answer format.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Ozone, 'Toxicology,
'Exhaust emissions, Standards, Physiological effects,
National government, 'Environmental Protection
Agency, 'Air pollution control, Environmental health,
Air pollution standards.
PB82-114273 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Quality Assurance Audits for SIP and NECRMP
Emission Inventories, New York and New Jersey.
Final rept.,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
L. G. Wayne, and J. Cassamassi. Aug 81,10Op 528,
EPA-902/4-81-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3511
Quality assurance audits were performed covering
emission Inventories for volatile organic compounds
and oxides of nitrogen In the State of New Jersey and
in a portion of the State of New York comprising the
counties of Rockland, Westchester, Nassau, Suffolk,
Bronx, New York, Queens, Kings and Richmond. Point
source listings were compared with EPA's RACT direc-
tory and with State Industrial Directories to compile
lists of possibly missing point sources. Methodology in-
volved in segregating point and area sources, in esti-
mating emissions and in seasonal adjustment of the in-
ventories to a typical summer-day basis was reviewed.
Area source categories and the methodologies and
apportioning factors applied to them were reviewed.
Results are extensively tabulated.
December 1983 1185
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Quality assurance, 'Audits, *Air pollution,
'New York, 'New Jersey, Inventories, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Methodology, Point
sources, Volatile organic compounds, Nitrogen oxides,
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project, State
implementation plans, Implementation air pollution
planning programs.
PB82-114323 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Offsita Environmental Monitoring Report: Radi-
ation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1980,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, R. f. Grossman, W. D. Corkern, D. J.
Thome, and R. G. Patzer. Jun 81,111 p EPA-600/4-81 -
047, DOE/DP-00539-043
Errata sheet inserted.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas
continued its Offsite Radiological Safety Program for
the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and other sites of past un-
derground nuclear tests. For each test, the Laboratory
provided airborne meteorological measurements,
ground and airborne radiation monitoring teams, and
special briefings to the Test Controller's Advisory
Panel. Radioactivity from the NTS was detected in a
compressed air sample collected at Lathrop Wells,
Nevada, following the Riola-Test conducted on Sep-
tember 25, 1980. The only radioactivity from non-NTS
sites of past underground nuclear tests was due to triti-
um in water samples collected from the Project Dribble
Site near Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and the Project
Long Shot Site on Amchitka Island, Alaska.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Underground explosions,
Nuclear explosions, Nevada Test Site, Amchitka
Island, Alaska, Mississippi, 'Radiation monitoring,
Hattiesburg(Mississippi).
PB82-114331 PCA03/MFA01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Interim Environmental Monitoring Report for the
Nevada Test Site, First Quarter 1961.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Aug 81,28p EPA-600/4-81-073, DOE/DP-00539-044
Monitoring results for the first quarter of 1981 are
listed. These include data from air surveillance, noble
gas and tritium, milk surveillance, and TLD dosimetry
networks and the available data from the long-term hy-
drological monitoring network. The only unusual radio-
activity detected was some fission-products attributa-
ble to the nuclear test conducted by the People's Re-
public of China on October 15,1980.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Nevada test site, 'Radi-
ation monitoring.
PB82-114364 PC A14/MF A01
Data Validation Conference Proceedings,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Raymond C. Rhodes, and Seymour Hochheiser. Sep
79,325p EPA-600/9-79-042
The proceedings document technical presentations
made at a 1-day conference on Data Validation for en-
vironmental data. The conference was hosted and
sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park Intel-laboratory Qual-
ity Assurance Coordinating Committee on November
4, 1977, at the Research Triangle Park. Various ap-
proaches and techniques used for data validation are
presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meetings, Quality assur-
ance, Public health, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Catalysts, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), 'Data validation, 'Air
quality.
PB82-114422 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Water Vapor Monitor Using Differential Infrared
Absorption,
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp., Newport
Beach, CA. Aeronutronic Div.
Darrel E. Burch, and David S. Goodsell. Sep 81,36p
EPA-600/2-81-162
Contract EPA-68-02-3238
A water vapor monitor has been developed with ade-
quate sensitivity and versatility for a variety of applica-
tions. Two applications for which the instrument has
been designed are the continuous monitoring of water
in ambient air and the measuring of the mass of water
desorbed from aerosol filters. The sample gas may be
held static, or it may flow continuously through the 56
cc sample cell, which is temperature controlled at 45
degrees C. Infrared energy from a tungsten-iodide bulb
passes through a rotating filter wheel and the sample
cell to a PbS detector. The infrared beam passes
through the sample gas twice to produce a total optical
path of 40 cm. As the filter wheel rotates at 1800 rpm,
the infrared beam passes alternately through two
semicircular narrow bandpass filters; one is centered
in a spectral region of strong absorption and the other
is centered nearby in a region of weak absorption. Ab-
sorption by the water vapor in the sample produces a
30-Hz modulation of the detector signal that is propor-
tional to the water concentration. The zero-setting of
the monitor is maintained quite stable by controlling
the temperatures of the detector and the filters. The
r.m.s. noise level corresponds to approximately 3 ppm
of water. The maximum concentration that can be
measured accurately is approximately 5%; higher con-
centrations could be measured by shortening the
sample cell.
Keywords: 'Water vapor, 'Monitors, 'Infrared spec-
troscopy, 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Performance eval-
uation, Concentration(Composition), Mass, Design cri-
teria, Filters.
PB82-114521 PC A09/MF A01
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazard-
ous Wastes. Project: Thermal Treatment. Project
Leaden Federal Republic of Germany. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
23 Mar 81,183p NATO/CCMS-118
The report focuses on the incineration of hazardous
waste in the participating countries - The situation in
general; details of hazardous waste incineration, co-in-
cineration of hazardous wastes with domestic refuse,
hazardous waste as a fuel substitute in the cement
manufacturing industry, incineration of selected
wastes (PCB, mineral oil wastes), incineration of haz-
ardous wastes at sea, research and development, and
conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Solid
waste disposal, Fuels, Sea, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Mineral oils, Air pollution, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, 'Foreign technology, Refuse de-
rived fuels, Polychlorinatecfbiphenyls.
PB82-114539 PC A07/MF A01
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazard-
ous Wastes: Chemical, Physical, and Biological
Treatment of Hazardous Wastes In NATO Coun-
tries. Project Leader: United States. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
9 Mar81,145p NATO/CCMS-119
Report is result of efforts of members of The North At-
lantic Treaty Organization's CCMS Pilot Study on Dis-
posal of Hazardous Wastes to assemble information
on the state-of-the-art of technology for chemical,
physical and biological treatment of hazardous indus-
trial waste in their respective countries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Materials recovery, Research, Waste management,
'Foreign technology, 'Chemical treatment, 'Physical
treatment, 'Biological industrial waste treatment, State
of the art.
PB82-114547 PC A04/MF A01
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazard-
ous Wastes. Project Landfill Research. Project
Leader Canada. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
16 Feb 81, 56p NATO/CCMS-120
Report is a combination and up-date of the landfill sub-
project completed in 1977 as part of first phase of Pilot
Study on Disposal of Hazardous Waste, NATO/CCMS
Report No. 64. It focuses on the following areas which
reflect main landfill areas being investigated: (1) re-
search conducted on co-disposal, (2) contaminant mi-
gration and attenuation, (3) waste isolation, (4) waste
immobilization, (5) landfill procedures, (6) long-term
effect, (7) leachate treatment, and (8) national guide-
lines and/or regulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, Transport properties, Leaching, Regula-
tions, 'Foreign technology.
PB82-114554 PCA13/MFA01
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazard-
ous Wastes: Metal Finishing Wastes. Project
Leader: France. Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Mar 81,281 p NATO/CCMS-121
Aim of study was to investigate problems set up by
metal finishing industries. It has proved worthwhile to
overlap the treatment approach to hazardous waste;
combining all activities, with the analytic approach of
the industrial sectors which produce them.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Metal finishing,
Regulations, Pollution control, Economic impacts, Ma-
terials recovery, Solid waste disposal, Metal industry,
'Foreign technology, Liquid wastes.
PB82-114562 PC A04/MF A01
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazard-
ous Wastes (Phases I and II). Final rept.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Apr 81,71 p NATO/CCMS-122
Objective of study defined as follows: (1) to define and
analyze technical, organizational and regulating ways
and means for the proper disposal of hazardous
wastes, (2) to compile and evaluate various manage-
ment approaches to the solution of the hazardous
waste problem, and (3) to draw conclusions from the
previous analysis and work out recommendations
where possible. The conclusion, after seven years of
intensive work, is that the pilot study is thus far the
most comprehensive and effective international effort
in the area of hazardous waste management.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste manage-
ment, Pilot plants. Earth fills, Regulations, Cargo trans-
portation, Metal finishing, Solid waste disposal, 'For-
eign technology, Physical treatment, Chemical treat-
ment, Biological process.
PB82-114638 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
The CPU-400 Pilot Plant: Integration and Oper-
ation. Final rept. Jun 72-Mar 77.
Combustion Power Co., Inc., Menlo Park, CA.
Oct 81,191 p EPA-600/7-81 -165
Contract EPA-68-03-0143
A program of research and development was carried
out in an effort to demonstrate the feasibility of burning
municipal solid waste to generate electrical power in a
direct-fired gas turbine. Included in the contract work
were the design, construction, and checkout of a solid-
waste processing station; integration and checkout of
the system with the gas turbine installed; design and
construction of a moving-bed granular filter; ana a pro-
gram of corrosion, erosion, and deposition studies.
Under other sponsorship, the direct-fired gas-turbine
system was tested in 101 hours of wood-waste com-
bustion and 551 hours of burning high-sulfur coal. The
fluid-bed combustor was shown to be a highly efficient
device for burning low-Btu fuel such as solid waste;
combustion efficiency in excess of 99% was readily
achieved. Gaseous emissions from solid-waste fuel
were well within current environmental standards. Ero-
sion and deposition in the turbine limited the system's
capability for continuous operation.
1186 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: Feasibility, Pilot plants, Fluidized bed proc-
essors, *Gas turbine power plants, Waste utilization,
Municipal wastes.
PB82-114646 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
HERL Biological Exposure Chamber Conceptual
Design. Technical note,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
n. M. Parks. Oct 81.49p EPA-600/2-81 -234
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
Because of the current interest in biotesting of poten-
tially hazardous air pollutants, the Health Effects Re-
search Laboratory (HERL) of EPA/RTP has contract-
ed Radian to design biological exposure chambers
that can be used to expose text organisms to the sec-
ondary aerosol effluent of the MARC (Mobile Aerosol
Reaction Chamber). The purpose of this technical note
Is to describe the conceptual design of the biological
exposure chambers. This report describes the cham-
ber design and rationale behind that design. The report
also discusses the connecting of the biochambers to
the MARC.
Keywords: 'Test chambers, Exposure, Air pollution,
Design.
PB82-114752 PC AOS/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Assessment of Future Environmental Trends and
Problems: Agricultural Use of Applied Genetics
and Biotechnologies. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
George H. Kidd, Melanie E. Davis, and Parviz
tsmailzadeh. Sep81,97p EPA-600/8-81-019
Contract EPA-68-02-3640
Battelle's Columbus Laboratories will identify and
define future environmental concerns arising from ap-
plying genetic engineering technology to agricultural
problems. Two genetic emgineering technologies,
Plant tissue culture and recombinant DMA, will be con-
sidered. Potential environmental problems resulting
from the research process (e.g. release or escape of
recombinant organisms into the environment, disper-
sion or reproduction of recombinant organisms or mol-
Bcules) and from applications of genetically engi-
neered organisms (e.g., large-scale cultivation of a ni-
trogen-fixing grain crop) will be assessed. Information
Pertaining to potential problems will be obtained from
the published scientific literature and from telephone
interviews of experts currently active in applied genet-
ics research. A cross-impact analysis program/model
will be used to identify and define some impacts and
vends, e.g., such as political, economic, and social
settings which facilitate the agricultural applications of
recombinant DNA. In addition to identification and defi-
nition of environmental impacts, other outputs would
include identification of organizations and individuals
interested or involved In agricultural genetic engineer-
ing, descriptions of trends that may affect public health
or environmental policy, and identification of major
data gaps and inadequacies in analytical methods.
Keywords: 'Technology assessment, 'Plant genetics,
Trends, Assessments, Environments, Agricultural en-
gineering, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Public health, 'Ge-
netic engineering, Environmental impacts, Analytical
methods
PB82-114976 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Assessing the Feasibility of Epldemiologlc Re-
aearch on DEHP Exposure among Renal Dialysis
Patients. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Ira Marks, Leslie Euinton, George Shreiner, Dorothy
Wellington, and Pauline Wagner. Jul 81,97p EPA-560/
6-81-009
Contract EPA-68-01 -6280
Prepared in cooperation with Georgetown Univ.,
Washington, DC. School of Medicine.
Dialysis patients receive DEHP exposure from two
sources, blood stored In PVC blood bags and tubing
used in dialysis treatment. The Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) conducted a preliminary investiga-
tion into the suitability of using this group for an epide-
miologic study because of their documented exposure
to DEHP. As part of this assessment, the Health and
Human Services (DHHS), End Stage Renal Disease
Medical Information System (ESRD MIS) data base
was evaluated to determine its usability in the conduct
of such a study. The end stage renal disease (ESRD)
patient population was found not to constitute a viable
population for an epidemiolqpic investigation to deter-
mine the health effects of DEHP exposure. The bases
for this conclusion were the complexities of end stage
renal disease and the multiple factors involved in the
treatment of the disease. In addition, the ESRD MIS
data base was found to lack the completeness, con-
sistency, and accuracy necessary to perform meaning-
ful analyses other than demographic analysis.
Keywords: 'Phthalates, 'Toxicology, 'Plasticizers, Di-
alysis, Feasibility studies, Assessments, Epidemiology,
Exposure, Patients, Research, Pathology, Information
systems, 'Phthalatic acid/bis(ethylhexyl-ester), He-
modialysis, Medical research, End stage renal dis-
ease, 'Medical information systems.
PB82-115122 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effects on
Vegetation. Volume I. Summary. Final rept. 1976-
80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris. Office of Natural
Resources.
C. Daniel Sapp. Jul 81,33p TVA/ONR/ARP-81 /5,
EPA-600/7-81-113
See also Volume 2, PB82-115130.
Three techniques for detecting and mapping sulfur di-
oxide (SO2) effects on the foliage of sensitive crops
and trees near large, coal-fired power plants were
tested and evaluated. These techniques were spec-
troradiometry, photometric analysis of aerial photo-
graphs, and computer analysis of airborne multispec-
tral scanner data. Spectroradiometry is a useful,
ground-based technique for measuring the .changes in
reflectance that accompany exposure of sensitive
crops to S02. Photometric analysis of aerial color-in-
frared photographs has some practical advantages for
measuring the reflectances of forest species or for
synoptic point-sampling of extensive areas; these
tasks cannot be done effectively by field crews. The
relationships among reflectance, foliar injury, and yield
of crops are complex and are affected by many extra-
neous variables such as canopy density. The SO2 ef-
fects are easier to detect on winter wheat than on soy-
beans, but in either case they cannot be consistently
detected by airborne remote sensors except under
near-ideal conditions when the injury is moderate to
severe. Airborne multispectral scanner data covering
affected soybean fields were analyzed using three
computer-assisted procedures: unsupervised, super-
vised, and pseudosupervised; the last method provid-
ed the best results. Landsat imagery was also investi-
gated, but the foliar effects of SO2 were too subtle to
detect from orbit.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Air pollution, Electric power plants,
Plants(Botany), Photointerpretation, Vegetation, Infra-
red photography, Photometry, Reflectance, Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants), 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-115130 PCA13/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effects on
Vegetation. Volume II. Data. Final rept. 1976-80,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris. Office of Natural
Resources.
C. Daniel Sapp. Jul 81,284p TVA/ONR/ARP-81 /6,
EPA-600/7-81-114
See also Volume 1, PB82-115122.
Partial contents: Laboratory Spectroradiometry; Field
Spectroradiometry; Interpretation and analysis of aerial
photographs; Analysis of multispectral scanner data.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Air pollution, Electric power plants,
Plants(Botany), Photointerpretation, Vegetation, Infra-
red photography, Photometry, Reflectance, Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants), 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-115163 PCA16/MFA01
Health Assessment Document for Cadmium. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
L. D. Grant, P. Mushak, A. Crocetti, and W. Galke. Oct
81,362p* EPA-600/8-81-023
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, and New York Medical Coll., NY.
This document provides a critical assessment of
health effects and public health risks associated with
environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd). Sources
and routes of exposure are discussed and identified.
Dose-effect/response relationships and populations
at special risk are delineated. Cadmium is naturally
present in most environmental media. Major anthropo-
genic sources are: (1) smelting and mining, (2) certain
manufacturing processes, and (3) waste disposal op-
erations. Food Is the largest environmental source for
most humans, although Cd intake from smoking can
equal or exceed Cd intake from food. Acute non-lethal
exposure is associated with chronic respiratory ef-
fects. However, since most environmental exposures
to Cd are of a long-term, low-level type, primary em-
phasis has been placed on discussing effects of such
chronic exposure. Cadmium's accumulation in the
kidney results in renal tubular dysfunction after many
years of exposure. Estimates of the concentration of
Cd in the renal cortex necessary to induce these ef-
fects and estimates of exposure necessary to produce
the critical renal concentration vary widely, partially
due to individual biological variability. Populations at
special risk to Cd are cigarette smokers, as well as the
older segments of the population (>50 years of age).
Keywords: "Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Assessments,
Public health, Risk, Exposure, Metals, Smoking, Food,
Concentrations(Composition), Physiological effects,
Environmental health, Heavy metals, Cigarette smok-
ing, Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Health risks.
PB82-115296 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Guide for Spill Prevention Control and Counter-
measure Inspectors. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Walter Unterberg, and Robert M. Moorehead. Oct 81,
119p EPA-600/2-81-239
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
This report is intended for use in training and guiding
inspectors performing compliance inspections and
amendment inspections and documenting these in-
spections to implement the Oil Pollution Prevention
Regulations promulgated in 40CFR112 for nontrans-
portatlon-related onshore and offshore facilities. The
report covers the SPCC regulations, the role of the
SPCC inspector, the affected facilities, and procedures
for carrying out the inspection. It contains forms for
use by the inspector in the field and for documentation.
The use of these forms will provide nationwide uni-
formity in SPCC reporting.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Prevention, Inspection, State
government, 'Oil spills, 'Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan.
PB82-115304 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Spray Charging and Trapping Scrubber for Fugi-
tive Particle Emission Control. Final rept. Aug 78-
)80,
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
Shui-Chow Yung, Julie Curran, and Seymour Calvert.
Jul 81,265p EPA-600/7-81 -125
Contract EPA-68-02-3109
See also PB81-165387.
The report gives results of a theoretical and experi-
mental evaluation of the control of fugitive particle
emissions (FPE) with a Spray Charging and Trapping
(SCAT) Scrubber that uses an air curtain and/or jets to
contain, convey, and divert the FPE into a charged
spray scrubber. Experiments on a 225 cu m/min
bench-scale scrubber verified the theory and feasibility
of collecting FPE with charged water spray. The ef-
fects of charge levels on drops and particles, nozzle
type, drop size, gas velocity, and liquid/gas ratio on
December 1983 1187
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
collection efficiency were determined experimentally.
Results show that collection efficiency can be im-
proved by charging the water and/or particles. Meas-
ured particle penetration agrees with theoretical pre-
dictions for the un-augmented scrubber. For the elec-
trostatically augmented scrubber, measured penetra-
tion is lower than predicted. An air curtain was devel-
oped for conveying the FPE to the spray scrubber. The
design and air flow field for the air curtain are present-
ed. A prototype SCAT scrubber was built to study the
effect of crosswind and hot buoyant plume. The air
curtain was successful in deflecting crosswind up to 15
mph and containing a hot buoyant plume. Theories
were developed for predicting the trajectories of the air
curtain Jet stream and the hot buoyant plume.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, "Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Leakage, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Fugitive emissions, 'SCAT scrubbers.
PB82-115312 PCA15/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions and Efficiency Performance of Indus-
trial Coal Stoker Fired Boilers. Final rept. Aug 77-
Nov 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L Langsjoen, J. O. Burlingame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. Jul 81,347p EPA-600/7-81-111A
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
See also Supplement report, PB82-115320. Spon-
sored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers Asso-
ciation, Arlington, VA.
The report gives results of field measurements of 18
coal stoker-fired boilers including spreader stokers,
mass-fired overfeed stokers, and mass-fired under-
feed stokers. The test variables included stoker
design, heat release rate, excess air, coal analysis and
sizing, overfire air, and flyash reinjection. Measure-
ments included O2, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3,
gaseous hydrocarbons, uncontrolled and controlled
particulate mass loading, particle size distribution of
the flyash, combustible content of ash, sulfur retention
in the ash, and boiler efficiency. Particulate loading is
shown to be largely dependent on stoker type and
degree of flyash reinjection. It increases with heat re-
lease rate, but can be controlled with proper use of
overfire air in many cases. Nitric oxide increases with
excess air and grate heat release rate. These relation-
ships are defined in the report. Overfire air, as It exists
in current boiler designs, does not affect NOx. The
report also addresses other relationships between op-
erating variables and measured emissions and effi-
ciency. A separate data supplement is available.
Keywords: 'Stokers, 'Air pollution, Boilers, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Particles, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution control, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Ply ash.
PB82-115320 PCA21/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions and Efficiency Performance of Indus-
trial Coal Stoker Fired Boilers - Data Supplement
Supplement rept. Aug 77-Nov 79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L. Langsjoen, J. O. Burlingame, and J. E.
Gabrielson. Jul 81,494p EPA-600/7-81 -111B
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01 -2609
Supplement to report dated Jul 81, PB82-115312.
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
This is a data supplement. It contains tables and plots
of field test data which, because of their number, could
not be included in the final report. It is intended as a
reference for researchers who wish to examine the
data In greater detail than that provided for in the final
report The tables contain the complete gaseous, par-
ticulate, coal, and efficiency data for all tests at Sites A
through K. The plots correlate the major parameters
with percent boiler design capacity and excess air. A
few additional relationships are also Included In the
plots.
Keywords; 'Stokers, 'Air pollution, Tables(Data), In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Concentration(Composition), Particles, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Field tests, Fly ash.
PB82-115528 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Particulate Emissions from Atmospher-
ic Fluldlzed-Bed Combustion with Fabric Filters
and Electrostatic Preclpltators. Final rept. Dec 79-
Dec 80,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. V. Bubenick, R. R. Hall, and J. A. Dirgo. Jun 81,
77p* EPA-600/7-81-105
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The report gives results of a study of chemical and
physical characteristics affecting the performance of
particulate control equipment, based on five fly ash
samples from full- and pilot-scale atmospheric fluid-
ized-bed combustion (AFBC) units. Analysis of ac-
quired data by fabric filter (FF) and electrostatic precip-
itator (ESP) mathematical models illustrates how con-
trol device performance may be affected by AFBC fly
ash properties.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Performance eval-
uation, Fly ash, Design criteria, 'Fabric filters.
PB82-115858 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Survey.
Final rept. Apr-Jun 81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Smith, M. Melia, N. Gregory, and R. McKibben. Aug
81,335p EPA-600/7-81-012D
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB81-225773.
The report, generated by a computerized data base
system, presents a survey of operational and planned
domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems,
operational domestic particle scrubbers, and Japa-
nese coal-fired utility FGD installations. It summarizes
information contributed by the utility industry, system
and equipment suppliers, systems designers, research
organizations, and regulatory agencies. It presents
data on system design, fuel characteristics, operating
history, and actual performance. Unit by unit depend-
ability parameters are included and problems and solu-
tions associated with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD
systems are discussed. The domestic FGD systems
are tabulated alphabetically by development status
(operational, under construction, or in the planning
stages), utility company, system supplier, process,
waste disposal practice, and regulatory class. FGD
system economic data, definitions, and a glossary of
terms are appended. Current data for domestic FGD
systems show 88 systems in operation, 40 systems
under construction, and 99 planned systems. Project-
ed 1999 FGD controlled capacity in the U.S. is 108,857
MW.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Flue gases, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Eco-
nomic analysis, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Compositlon), Surveys, Coal fired
power plants, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB82-116039 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Hydrogen Cyanide Health Effects. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie L. Carson, Larry H. Baker, Betty L. Herndon,
Harry V. Ellis, III, and Eileen M. Horn. Sep 81,71 p
EPA/460/3-81-026
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposures to hydrogen cyanide was collected, evalu-
ated, tabulated ana summarized. Approximately 170
documents were collected from computerized and
manual literature searches covering the period 1899-
1981. Pharmacologists and an M.D. epidemiologist
rated the documents according to their applicability to
the study and their methodology. The approximately
20 documents considered useful for deriving a range
of concern for human exposure to hydrogen cyanide
from automotive emissions were tabulated. The 25
pages of tables detail the results of acute and repeat-
ed dose testing of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats,
monkeys, dogs, goats, donkeys and humans as well as
human occupational studies. Most of the documents
evaluated are described in an annotated bibliography.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Hydrogen cyanide, Physio-
logical effects, Occupational diseases, Cyanides, Res-
piration, Exposure, Air pollution, Exhaust gases, Bioas-
says, Laboratory animals, Humans, Literature surveys,
Environmental health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Automobile exhausts, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-116047 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Ammonia Health Effects. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie L Carson, Harry V. Ellis, III, Cecily M. Beall,
and Larry H. Baker. Sep 81,108p EPA/460/3-81 -027
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposures to ammonia was collected, evaluated, tabu-
lated, and summarized. Approximately 200 documents
were collected from computerized and manual litera-
ture searches covering the period 1886-1981. Pharma-
cologists and an M.D. epidemiologist rated the docu-
ments according to their applicability to the study and
their methodology. The approximately 50 documents
considered useful for deriving a range of concern for
human exposure to ammonia from automotive emis-
sions were tabulated. The 50 pages of tables detail the
results of acute, repeated dose, and chronic testing of
bats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, chickens, rabbits, cats,
monkeys, dogs, turkeys, swine, and humans as well as
human occupational and accidental studies. Most of
the documents evaluated are described in an anno-
tated bibliography.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ammonia, Occupational dis-
eases, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Physiological
effects, Respiration, Exposure, Air pollution, Exhaust
gases, Bioassays, Laboratory animals, Humans, Liter-
ature surveys, Environmental health, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Automobile ex-
hausts.
PB82-116260 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
An Aerial Noise Monitoring Study, Volume 1:
Technical Dissertation. Final rept.,
Engineering Dynamics, Inc., Denver, CO.
R. C. Chanaud, and Howard N. McGregor. Feb 80,
175p EPA-908/1-79-002A
Contract EPA-68-01-3500
See also Volume 2, PB82-116278.
An aerial monitoring system was developed to meas-
ure the noise produced in communities. The system
consists of a tethered helium filled balloon which lifts
an P.M. telemetry sound measuring system to altitudes
of 300 m. A ground station receiving the telemetry
signal demodulates it so that the noise at the micro-
phone can be heard and analyzed on the ground.
Measurements were taken at 10 sites in Boulder, Colo-
rado, during the winter and summer seasons to evalu-
ate the system's performance and to develop oper-
ational procedures. The test program revealed that the
City of Boulder has on the average the same noise
levels during the winter and summer seasons. Oper-
ational procedures for use of the system by communi-
ties were developed.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Acoustic measurement,
'Balloons, 'Airborne equipment, Telemetering equip-
ment, Site surveys, Noise pollution, Colorado, Acoustic-
measuring instruments, 'Tethered balloons,
Boulder(Colorado).
PB82-116278 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
An Aerial Noise Monitoring Study, Volume 2: Op-
erations Handbook. Final rept.,
Engineering Dynamics, Inc., Denver, CO.
R. C. Chanaud, and Howard N. McGregor. Feb 80,20p
EPA-908/1-79-002B
Contract EPA-68-01-3500
See also Volume 1, PB82-116260.
An aerial noise monitoring system was developed to
measure the noise produced in communities. The
system consists of a tethered helium filled balloon
1188 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
which lifts an P.M. telemetry sound measuring system
to altitudes of 300 m. A ground station receiving the te-
lemetry signal demodulates It so that the noise at the
microphone can be heard and analyzed on the ground.
volume II Is a handbook which presents operational
procedures for the aerial monitoring system.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Acoustic measurement,
Balloons, "Airborne equipment, Telemetering equip-
ment, Site surveys, Noise pollution, Colorado, Acoustic
measuring Instruments, 'Tethered balloons,
Boulder(Colorado).
PB82-116351 PCAOS/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Quit Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
An Investigation of Chemistry and Toxlclty of
Ozone-Produced Oxldants and Bromate to Select-
ed Estuarlne Species,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA.
Dept. of Limnology.
Dennis T. Burton, and Leonard B. Richardson. May 81,
100pEPA-600/4-81-040
Grant EPA-R-804683
This research program was initiated to determine the
chemical and biological effects of ozone in estuarine
systems and to evaluate its suitability as an alternative
to chlorine. Chemical studies were performed to deter-
mine oxidant decay rates and bromate formation in
both natural and artificial estuarine water. Ozonation of
estuarine or marine waters can produce significant
amounts of bromate if the natural levels of ammonia-
nitrogen and other C9mpeting compounds are low and
'he initial residual oxidant and bromide concentrations
are high. Toxicity studies showed that the concentra-
tions of bromate which theoretically could be formed in
an ozonated discharge were not toxic to the early life
stages of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and juvenile
spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). A comparison of the
ozone data obtained in this study with similar chlorine
data from the literature showed that the toxicity of
ozonated and chlorinated estuarine water is similar.
Thus, ozone appears to offer few, if any, advantages
over chlorine in reducing toxicity to estuarine orga-
nisms.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Ozonization,
Estuaries, "Bromates, Oxidizers, Marine animals,
'oxicity, Oysters, Chlorination.
£882-116625 PC A03/MF A01
Rolling Resistance Measurements 106 Passenger
Car Tires. Technical rent.,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Gayle Klemer. Aug 81,44p* EPA-AA-SDSB-81-3
The study investigates a diverse range of tires current-
'V available on the replacement passenger car tire
market. One hundred-six tires from fifty different model
"nes were tested. The rolling resistance of these tires
are analyzed against other tire characteristics (tire
construction, new versus retread, etc.) to gain insight
as to the effects of these characteristics on vehicle
>uel economy.
Keywords: "Passenger vehicles, "Tires, "Rolling fric-
tion, Rolling contact loads, Fuel consumption, Vuel
economy.
PB82-116658 PC A06/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Solar Energy for Pollution Control. Final rept. 1
Jun-31 Oct 78,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
£• Overly, and C. Franklin. Oct 81,103p* FR-80-39/
|E,EPA-800/7-81-166
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
A study was conducted to determine which existing or
emerging pollution control processes are best suited
to make use of solar energy Input and to determine the
Potential benefits of such applications. Pollution con-
trol processes were matched with compatible solar
energy systems, resulting in the following four combin-
ations: Anaerobic digestion/flat-plate collector; Anaer-
obic digestion/parabolic trough concentrator; Bagh-
°use heating/parabolic trough concentrator; SOX
scrubbing/parabolic trough concentrator.
Keywords: "Solar heating, Air pollution control,
Sewage treatment, Anaerobic processes, Benefit cost
analysis, "Energy conservation, "Pollution control
equipment, Solar concentrators, Flat plate collectors,
Solar collectors, Baghouses.
PB82-116716 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, OC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
The Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Che-
moreceptlon and Behavior In the Dungeness Crab
'Cancer Maglster',
National Marine Fisheries Service, Highlands, NJ.
Sandy Hook Lab.
B. L. Olla, W. H. Pearson, P. C. Sugarman, D. L.
Woodruff, and J. W. Blaylock. Jul 81.83p EPA-600/7-
81-093
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific Northeast
Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine Research Lab.
The behavior of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister,
was observed to determine not only whether oil expo-
sure produced behavioral effects, but also whether
crabs could change their behavior to mitigate any ex-
posure effects. Dungeness crabs clearly detected the
presence of petroleum hydrocarbons but did not avoid
oil under all circumstances. The effects of oil exposure
on chemoreception and feeding behavior in Dunge-
ness crabs were determined after measuring the high
sensitivity of the crabs to chemical food cues. After 24
h of continuous exposure to 0.3 mg/1 of oil-contaminat-
ed water, the proportion of crabs showing changes in
antennular behavior was significantly reduced. Within
1 hour after return to clean water the antennular re-
sponse recovered. Field and laboratory experiments
then examined how oiled sediment influenced preda-
tion on littleneck clams by Dungeness crabs. In field
enclosures, crabs consumed more clams from oiled
than clean sand. The potential difficulty in finding food
due to chemosensory disruption by petroleum hydro-
carbons was apparently offset by an oilinduced,
change in prey behavior. To the extent that oiled sedi-
ment renders prey species more vulnerable to crab
predation and crabs switch prey, harvesting of vulnera-
ble prey by crabs would reduce their representation in
the benthic fauna and produce ecological effects far
different than those predicted from a series of conven-
tional toxicity tests.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Crude oil, "Hydrocarbons,
Behavior, Chemoreceptors, Sense organs, Exposure,
Water pollution, Crabs, Sensitivity, Cancer magister,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), "Toxic substances.
PB82-116872 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Organic Emissions Evaluation of a Paint Bake
Oven with Catalytic Incineration. Final rept. Dec
79-Dec 80,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Bruce C. DaRos, Richard Merrill, and William C. Kuby.
Oct 81,57p FR-80-74/EE, EPA-600/2-81-244
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
This report describes a test program conducted at a
paint bake oven facility. The purpose was to measure
total hydrocarbon (THC) concentrations at the inlet
and outlet of an incinerator with heat recovery used to
reduce organic solvent emissions. Data were also col-
lected to evaluate the energy efficiency and econom-
ics of the system compared to other THC control alter-
natives. The incinerator system was designed by
Schweitzer Industrial of Madison Heights, Wisconsin,
and incorporates DuPont'a Torvex catalyst with plati-
num to enhance hydrocarbon reduction in the process
stream. The incinerator system includes a heat ex-
changer following the catalyst bed. The heat exchang-
er 'effectiveness of this configuration was 82 percent,
allowing for a recovery of 35.1 percent of total thermal
energy from the gas stream. Analysis of the annuallzed
costs of thermal and catalytic incineration and carbon
adsorption was performed. Because the concentration
of hydrocarbons to the control device is small, the an-
nuafized cost of carbon adsorption Is less than other
control devices. Measurements conducted at the inlet
and outlet of the incinerator Indicate an average reduc-
tion In emissions of approximately 86 percent. Bypass-
Ing the incinerator with a fraction of the total gas
stream resulted in an emissions reduction to the at-
mosphere of 70 percent.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Catalysts, "Hydrocarbons,
"Air pollution, Economic analysis, Carbon, Adsorption,
Capitalized costs, Ovens, Operating costs, Design cri-
teria, Sampling, Performance evaluation.
PB82-117029 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Wastewater Treatment Facilities-Sludge Manage-
ment System, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Draft en-
vironmental impact statement (supplemental).
Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
Sep81,266p EPA-906/9-81-003
Contract EPA-68-01-5991
The City of Albuquerque proposes a sludge manage-
ment system consisting of sludge thickening and stabi-
lization units at Treatment Plant No. 2, followed by
transfer of sludge via pipeline to Montesa Park where
the sludge will be mechanically dewatered, dried in a
solar greenhouse, disinfected by irradiation with
Cesium-137, and disposed by landspreading on public
lands. EPA has evaluated the City's proposal and 13
additional alternatives.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Sludge disposal, "Sewage sludge, Environmental im-
pacts, Albuquerque(New Mexico).
PB82-117037 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of the Effects of Material from Al-
ternate Energy Sources on the Upper Respiratory
Tract Clearance Mechanism. Part I: In vitro Expo-
sure to Partlculate Pollutants. Part II: In vivo Ex-
posure to Ozone. Final rept.,
Ball State Univ., Muncie, IN.
Dorothy Adalis. Sep 81,75p EPA/600/1-81-067
Contract EPA-68-02-2295
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Studies were conducted to measure the toxic effects
of a variety of substances from the environment on the
clearance mechanism of the upper respiratory tract
using an in vitro hamster model system. Studies using
hamsters for in vivo exposures to ozone were also
conducted to determine the effects of ozone on the
cilia beat frequency and cytopathology of the tracheal
epithelium. Organ cultures or hamster tracheal tissue
were exposed to graded concentrations of pollutants
to determine effects on the respiratory cilia. Param-
eters studied were beat frequency, ciliostasis, cyto-
pathology, and ATP concentration.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Respiratory system, "Clear-
ances, In vitro analysis, Hamsters, Laboratory animals,
Ozone, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, Exposure, Physiologi-
cal effects, Pathology, Cilia, Trachea, Tissue cultures,
"Toxic substances, Animal models, Particulates, Air
pollution effects(Animals), Heavy metals.
PB82-117078 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bloassay and Chemical Analysis for Hazardous
Materials In Residual Oils. Volume 1. Narrative.
Final rept. Jun 77-Jun 80,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
T. D. Kaczmarek, and A. Zervins. Apr 81,322p" EPA-
600/7-81-080A
Contract EPA-68-02-2638
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The report gives results of an examination, including
mutagenic screening, of the chemical composition of
residual fuel oils and their column chromatography
prefractions. A degree of correlation between compo-
sition and mutagenicrty has been achieved. Radionu-
cllde data has been obtained, A novel sample process-
ing technique has been developed for solvent parti-
tioning followed by column chromatography. It con-
centrates mutagenic factors into fractions that retain
their chemical class distinctions but eliminate sample
components that are not of environmental concern. An
as-received residual fuel oil is either non-mutagenlc or
only weakly mutagenic. In this respect, residual oils
would not be considered environmental hazards. A re-
sidual oil can be fractionated so that fractions will be
mutagenic. Some fractions from some oil samples can
be strongly mutagenic. (To determine If physical or
December 1983 1189
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemical processes in use or in the environment could
concentrate or create mutagenicity Is beyond the
scope of this work.)
Keywords: 'Residual oils, 'Chemical analysis, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Bloassay, Sampling, Mutagens, Ra-
dioactive isotopes, Environmental surveys, Public
health, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Separation, Fluidized beds.
PBS2-117466 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings ot United States/Japan Conference
on Sewage Treatment Technology (7th) Held at
Tokyo, Japan on May 19-21,1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development
Dec 80,882p EPA-600/9-80-047
See also PB80-177595.
As part of joint interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan, a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology is held at intervals of
about 18 months. This publication contains papers
from the Japanese group and from the American side
that were presented at the Seventh Conference held in
Tokyo, Japan. Subject matter covered included inno-
vative and alternative technology, regional approach-
es, toxic wastes, health effects, combined sewer tech-
nology and reuse of wastewater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Meetings, Water pol-
lution control, Sewage sludge, Incinerators, Odor con-
trol. Water quality, Water reclamation, Japan, Inciner-
ation, Waste water reuse.
PB82-117540 PC A02/MF A01
Recommended Guideline for Acute Dermal Toxlcl-
ty Test.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Jan81.14p
A test for acute dermal toxicity should evaluate the po-
tential for systemic and local toxic effects of chemicals
expected to come in contact with the skin. The acute
dermal test refers to one period of topical application
of up to 24 hours (the exposure period) and an obser-
vation period of at least 14 days.
Keywords: 'Skin(Anatomy), 'Toxicology, Standards,
Guidelines, Tests, Procedures, Evaluation, Bloassay,
Exposure, 'Dermatitis, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-117557 PC A02/MF A01
Recommended Guideline for Acute Eye Irritation
Testing.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Jan81,14p
This guideline delineates test procedures to evaluate
the toxicity of liquids, solids, aerosols, and liquids pro-
pelled under pressure, to ocular tissues of laboratory
animals. The test should demonstrate the potential of
a substance to produce injury to the human eye. For
humane reasons, substances known to ba corrosive
may be assumed to be eye irritants and should not be
tested in the eye. Furthermore, substances shown to
be severe irritants in dermal toxicity tests may be as-
sumed to be eye irritants and need not be tested in the
eye.
Keywords: 'Eye(Anatomy), "Toxicology, Standards,
Guidelines, Tests, Procedures, Evaluation, Bioassay,
Liquids, Solids, Aerosols, Laboratory animals, 'Irrita-
tion, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-117623 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal-Fired Power Plant Ash Utilization In the TV A
Region. Final rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
Richard L. Church, Dennis W. Weeter, and Wayne T.
Davis. Oct 80,119p' EPA-600/7-80-172
The report gives results of a study: (1) to summarize
(a) production ot coal ash nationally and by TVA's 12
major ash-producing steam/electric power plants, and
(b) the physical/chemical characteristics of coal ash
that affect ash disposal and/or use; (2) to review re-
ported methods of coal ash use, emphasizing potential
markets in the TVA system; and (3) to recommend po-
tential R and D for coal ash use in the TVA system.
Uses discussed include: concrete mixtures, mineral
and magnetite recovery, lightweight aggregate,
wastewater treatment, sanitary landfill liners, cenos-
phere reuse, agriculture, mineral wool insulation, and
bituminous paving mixtures. The TVA region's pre-
dominant historical use of fly ash has been as a con-
crete additive; however, extensive pilot scale develop-
ment is underway to advance ash use in the TVA
region in such areas as mineral and magnetite recov-
ery, and mineral wool insulaton. Recommended stud-
ies include: (1)'the feasibility of converting existing wet
fly ash collection systems to dry collection and stor-
age; (2) mechanical properties of ash to learn how to
separate nonfloating cenospheres from ash; (3) other
mineral recovery process choices {in addition to the
one with Mineral Gas Co.); and (4) the potential uses,
markets, generation points, transportation, and feasi-
bility of extensive coal ash utilization in the TVA area.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, Electric power plants, Utilization,
Coal, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Miner-
als, Feasibility, Air pollution, Materials recovery, Con-
struction materials, Mechanical properties, 'Coal fired
power plants, 'Waste utilization, 'Solid wastes, Ten-
nessee Valley Authority power plant system, Dry meth-
ods.
PB82-117870 PC A03/MF A01
The Determination of a Range of Concern for
Mobile Source Emissions of Sulfuric Acid,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Craig A. Harvey, and Robert J. Garbe. Aug 81,29p
EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-21
This paper describes an effort by the Emission Control
Technology Division of the EPA to establish a range of
concern for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) emissions from
mobile sources. In light of the action called for in sec-
tion 202(a)(4) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and due to a
concern within industry as to what emission levels witl
be used as the basis for the evaluation of current and
future technologies, a methodology was developed in
order to bracket a range of concern for various unregu-
lated pollutants. This paper coordinates the efforts
from two EPA contracts in order to use this methodolo-
gy specifically for an evaluation of sulfuric acid.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfuric acid, Exhaust emis-
sion, Particles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems),
Emission factors, Heavy duty vehicles, Light duty vehi-
cles.
PB82-117896 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Wlcklltf Polarizer Device
Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
JohnC. Shelton. Jun 81,41p EPA-AA-TEB-511-81-17
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Wicklitf Polarizer' device under provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act On March 10,1981, the EPA re-
ceived a request from Country Ford Sales, (nc. for
evaluation of a fuel saving device termed 'Wickliff Po-
larizer.' The device is claimed to reduce emissions and
save fuel. An evaluation by the EPA was made and the
results are described completely in this report.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Magnetic fields, Polarizafion(Charge
separation), Performance evaluation, Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Wickliff Polarizer.
PB82-117904 PC A02/MF A01
A Review of the Compatibility of Methanol/Gaso-
llne Blends with Motor Vehicle Fuel Systems.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert J. Garbe. May 81,18p EPA-AA-CTA8/PA/81 -
12
This literature review of the compatibility effects of
methanol/gasoline blends on vehicle systems has
been undertaken as part ol a larger effort by EPA to
evaluate the request for a waiver of the Section 211f,f)
fuel additive regulations submitted by Anafuel Unlimit-
ed on February 20, 1981. This waiver has been re-
quested by Anafuel for Petrocoal. an oxygenated, un-
leaded gasoline blend containing up to 12% methanol,
up to 6% C-4 alcohols (not identified) and up to 0.033
g/gal but not less than 0.023 g/gal of a proprietary
compound claimed by Anafuel to be a corrosion inhibi-
tor.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Gasoline, 'Fueling sys-
tems, Blends, Reviews, Fuel additives, Regulations,
Gasohol.
PB82-117987 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Age-Dependent Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamlne on
Locomotor Activity In the Rat. Journal article,
Chicago Univ., IL.
Lynda Erinoff, Robert C. MacPhail, Alfred Heller, and
Lewis S. Seiden. 29 Jun 78,13p EPA-600/J-79-138
Pub. in Brain Research 164, p195-205 1979.
This experiment examined the effects on locomotor
activity of intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-
OHDA) administered to developing and adult rats. 6-
OHDA was administered subsequent to pargyline
treatment at 3 and 6 days of age; or 6-OHDA was ad-
ministered subsequent to desmethylimipramine (DNI)
treatment (6-OHDA/DM I) at 3 and 6 days of age, 11
and 14 days of age, 20 and 23 days of age, or 46 and
48 days of age. Locomotor activity of vehicle-treated
rats assessed in stabilimeter cages peaked between
14 and 16 days of age and subsequently declined to
levels characteristic of the adult. Treatment with pargy-
line and 6-OHDA at 3 days of age, or 6-OHDA/DMt at
3 and 6 or 11 and 14 days of age, did not alter the early
rise in locomotor activity but prevented the decline in
activity normally seen during the third and fourth
weeks of life. When tested as adults, locomotor activity
was greater in rats that had been treated with 6-
OHDA/DMI at 3 and 6 and at 11 and 14 days of age
than in those that had been treated at 20 and 23 days
of age. Treatment with 6-OHDA/DMI at 46 and 48
days of age was without significant effect on locomotor
activity.
Keywords: Rats, Laboratory animals, Age, Physiologi-
cal effects, Reprints, 'Hydroxydopamines, •Locomo-
tor activity.
PB82-118126 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Steelhead Sur-
vival In Air-Supersaturated Water. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
M. D. Knittel, G. A. Chapman, and R. R. Garten. 1980,
7p EPA-600/J-80-349
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
109, p7S5-759 1980.
Juvenile steelheads (Salmo gairdneri) were placed In
cages and suspended at various depths in water su-
persaturated with air at levels from 120 to 140% of
normal atmospheric gas pressure. Survival times ol
fish held at 10,50, and 100 cm depth increased with in-
creasing depth at a given level of supersaturation.
When the hydrostatic pressure (7.4 mmHg per 10 cm
of water depth) was subtracted from the excess gas
pressure (relative to surface barometric pressure),
mortality curves (times to 50% mortality versus excess
gas pressure), for fish at all three depths essentially
coincided. The significant measure of supersaturation
appears to be the pressure of dissolved gases in
excess of the sum of barometric and hydrostatic pres-
sures. Steelheads held near the surface in supersatur-
ated water for a near-lethal period and then lowered to
a depth providing total hydrostatic compensation ap-
peared to recover completely in about 2 hours. The
longer fish remained at depth, the longer their survival
time when they subsequently were re-exposed to sur-
face conditions.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Supersaturation, 'Hydrostatic
pressure, Water pollution, Survival, Air, Mortality, Re-
prints, Salmo gairdneri, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
1190 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-118134 PC A02/MF A01
Microwave Radiation (2450 MHz) Alters the Endo-
toxln-lnduced Hypothermia Response of Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NO. Experimental Biology Div.
R. J. Smialowicz, K. L Compton, M. M. Riddle, R. R.
Rogers, and P. L. Brugnolotti. Sep 81,11 p EPA-600/J-
80-327
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 1, p353-361 1980.
The parental administration of bacterial endotoxin to
rats causes a hypothermia that is maximal after ap-
proximately 90 minutes. When endotoxin-injected rats
were held in a controlled environment at 22C and 50%
relative humidity and exposed for 90 minutes to micro-
waves (2450 MHz, CW) at 1 mW/cm, significant in-
creases were observed in body temperature compared
with endotoxin-treated, sham-irradiated rats. The mag-
nitude of the response was related to power density (1
mW/sq. cm. > 5mW/sq. cm. > 1mW/sq. cm.).
Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/
so. cm. (specific absorption rate approximately 1.0
mw/g) showed no significant increase in body temper-
ature compared with saline-injected, sham-irradiated
rats. The hypothermia induced by endotoxin in rats
was also found to be affected by ambient temperature
alone. Increases in ambient temperature above 22C in
the absence of microwaves caused a concomitant in-
crease in body temperature. This study reveals that
subtle microwave heating is detectable in endotoxin-
treated rats that have an impaired thermo-regulatory
capability. These results indicate that the interpretation
of microwave-induced biological effects observed in
animals at comparable rates and levels of energy ab-
sorption should include a consideration of the thermo-
genic potential of microwaves.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Hypo-
thermia, Physiological effects, Responses, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Parenteral infusions, Reprints, 'Endo-
toxins.
PB82-118142 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.:
Nitrogen Dioxide, Pulmonary Function, and Respi-
ratory Disease. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst. of Environmental
Stress.
Steven M. Horvath. 1980,15p EPA-600/J-80-328
Grant EPA-R-804853
Pub. in Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine,
v56 n9 P835-846 Nov-Dec BO.
Concern as to the toxicity of the oxides of nitrogen has
been frequently expressed in clinical and toxicologies!
literature. Oxides of nitrogen are highly reactive com-
pounds and suggest toxic effects on biological sys-
tems. The earliest evidence for potential damage to
man occurred in the chemical industry where as early
as 1804 the death of a man and his dog was recorded
after breathing nitric acid fumes. Other occupational
exposures have been seen with the use of explosives
which generated NO2 during misfires. Welding oper-
ations generate substantial quantities of NOx. Burning
of plastics, shoe polish, and nitrocellulose also results
In potentially excessive quantities of NOx. High con-
centrations of ambient NO2 were clearly associated
with acute pulmonary edema and death. Lowry and
Schuman were among the earliest investigators to
demonstrate that exposures to N02 in excess of 200
ppm. would induce the above effects. Their description
of silo fillers disease clearly identified another potential
occupationally related effect of NO2 exposure, but the
disorder had been recognized much earlier when in
1914 four individuals died suddenly after entering a re-
cently filled silo. These fatalities were mistakenly at-
tributed to high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Respiratory diseases,
Toxicity, Air pollution, Exposure, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB82-118159 PC A03/MF A01
Mobile Source Emissions of Formaldehyde and
Other Aldehydes. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Penny M. Carey. May 81,37p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81 -
11
The available vehicular aldehyde studies were summa-
rized in an attempt to characterize aldehyde emissions
from motor vehicles. Topics covered in these studies
include aldehyde emission factors for unmodified and
malfunction vehicle engine configurations, effects of
fuel, mileage accumulation and temperature variations
and aldehyde emissions from Diesel-equipped vehi-
cles equipped with prototype light-duty Diesel oxida-
tion catalysts. Thus, it was possible to obtain aldehyde
data for standard conditions and for a variety of oper-
ating conditions. The Federal test procedure (FTP)
was used for the light-duty vehicles and the 13-mode
test procedure for the heavy-duty engines. The 2, 4
dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) procedure was used
for the sampling and analysis of the aldehydes. This
procedure is discussed in the Appendix. In addition to
aldehydes, the DNPH procedure detects two ketones,
methylethylketone and acetone. Methylethylketone
measurements are not included in this report. Howev-
er, acetone and two aldehydes, acrolein and propion-
aldehyde are reported together as acetone since they
are not resolved from each other under normal gas
chromatographic operating conditions. The term 'total
aldehydes', as used in this report, includes the ace-
tone measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Formaldehyde, 'Aldehydes,
Exhaust emissions, Diesel fuels, Gas analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Gas chromatography, Acetone,
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, Standards,
Forecasting, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution detection,
Emission factors, Catalytic converters(Exhaust sys-
tems).
PB82-118167 PCA03/MFA01
An Approach for Determining Levels of Concern
for Unregulated Toxic Compounds from Mobile
Sources. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert J. Garbe. Jul 81,42p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-2
This report presents an approach for determining
ranges of concern for vehicle emissions of toxic un-
regulated pollutants. The information used in deriving
this approach was generated either in-house at EPA or
under EPA contract to Midwest Research Institute in
Kansas City, Missouri; and/or Southwest Research In-
stitute in San Antonio, Texas. This work represents an
EPA technical effort designed as one input that may
bear on EPA policy with respect to implementation of
section 202(a)(4) of the Clean Air Act amendments of
1977. As such, this report does not represent EPA
policy at this time. This report will also be of interest to
parties outside EPA, such as the automobile manufac-
turers, who are involved with deciding whether unregu-
lated pollutants from motor vehicles constitute a public
health hazard. This approach, outlined in the subse-
quent sections of this report, has four separate parts,
the last of which is a summary of the previous three.
An example of how the approach works is presented
for a sample mobile source pollutant; sulfuric acid
(H2S04).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Regula-
tions, Public health, Sulfuric acid,
Concentration(Composition), 'Automobile exhaust,
Toxic substances, Kansas City(Missouri), San
AntoniofTexas), Clean Air Act amendments of 1977.
PB82-118175 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Sulfur Oxides and Resplrable Particles
on Human Health. Journal article,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
B. G. Ferris, Jr., F. E. Speizer, J. D. Spengler, D.
Dockery, and Y. M. M. Bishop. Oct 81,1 Sp EPA-600/J-
79-139
Contract EPA-68-02-3201
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v120
p767-7791979.
As part of a study of health effects of sulfur dioxide and
paniculate matter, the authors have established a
cohort of adults 25 to 74 yr of age in 6 communities
who will be followed prospectively. At the conclusion
of the first cycle of measuring the health of adults in 6
sites it was found that, although different sampling
frames were used, samples were close to the distribu-
tion shown in the U.S. Census for age, sex, and occu-
pation, with the possible exception of one city. Analy-
sis of the cross-sectional data indicated that for both
age and height-adjusted values for forced expiratory
volume in 1 s and for selected rates of various respira-
tory symptoms standardized for age, differences
among smoking groups were apparent. Differences in
these parameters between sites suggest trends that
were associated with levels of pollution. Further analy-
ses of the prospective data currently being collected
will be required before definitive statements can be
made about specific levels of exposure.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Toxicology, Particles,
Humans, Exposure, Air pollution, Sampling, Reprints,
*Air pollution effects(Humans), Particulates, Toxic
substances.
PB82-118183 PCA02/MFA01
Empirical Prediction of Organic Pollutant Sorptlon
In Natural Sediments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. S. Brown, and E. W. Flagg. 26 Jun 80,8p EPA-600/
J-80-026
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v10 n3 p382-386
1981.
An empirical relationship between octanol/water parti-
tion coefficients (Kow) and sediment sorption coeffi-
cients (Koc) was determined for nine chloro-s-triazine
and dinitroaniline compounds. Results were compared
with earlier work that reported an excellent correlation
between Kow and Koc for polynuclear aromatic and
chlorinated hydrocarbons. The more polar character of
the present compounds, however, reduced the preci-
sion of estimating sorption from octanol/water parti-
tion coefficients. A fit of the combined data sets for a
total of 19 compounds of widely varied properties (five
orders of magnitude variation in solubility) yielded a re-
lationship that should be useful for predicting simple
partition coefficients (Kp) in a number of modeling and
assessment applications. Reasonable estimates of Kp
or Koc can be obtained from a single determination of
the octanol/water partition coefficient and knowledge
of the organic carbon content of the sediment.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Chemical
analysis, Sorption, Solubility, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Isotherms,
Sampling, Reprints, Triazine/chloro, Numerical solu-
tion, Aniline/dmitro.
PB82-118191 PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Movement of Mercury In Rat Submaxlllary Slices.
Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
LaddW. Smith, and Joseph F. Borzelleca. 9 Oct 80,
10p EPA-600/J-80-339
Grant EPA-R-804318
Pub. in Toxicology 18, n2p169-1751980.
The movement of HgCI2 was studied in slices of rat
submaxillary gland. A steady-state distribution was
reached within 60 min. N2 or metabolic inhibitors failed
to decrease tissue uptake. Increasing the concentra-
tion of Hg2+ produced a corresponding increase in
tissue metal. Decreasing the incubation temperature
decreased uptake. Cd2+ and Fe2+ decreased
uptake but Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ were without
effect. Efflux experiments indicated a firm binding of
Hg2+. The data suggest a passive uptake for Hg2+
with unsaturable, temperature-sensitive binding sites
in the interior of the cell.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), Nitrogen, Inhibitors, Rats,
Tissues(Biology), Concentration(Composition),
Metals, Pathology, Reprints, Submandibular gland.
PB82-118209 PC A02/MF A01
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
Spectrometrlc Analysis of Environmental Samples
Using Ultrasonic Nebullzatlon. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Charles E. Taylor, and Terrance L. Floyd. 5 Jan 81, 8p
EPA-600/J-80-044
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v35 n4 p408-413 1981.
Ultrasonic and pneumatic nebulizers used in inductive-
ly coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-
AES) are compared in the analysis of standard materi-
als and environmental samples. Results verify that
ICP-AES with ultrasonic nebulization is capable of
December 1983 1191
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lower detection limits than ICP-AES with a pneumatic
system. The ultrasonic system used with desolvation,
therefore, Is the more desirable system when ultra-
trace ICP-AES quantitative analyses are required In a
variety of environmental samples.
Keywords: 'Atomic spectroscopy, Ultrasonic radiation,
Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Chemical analysis,
Water analysis, Concentration(Composltion), Reprints,
'Plasma spectroscopy, 'Ultrasonic nebulizers, 'water
pollution detection.
PB82-118217 PCA03/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Pollution and Respiratory Disease. Journal arti-
cle,
Stanford Univ., CA.
Alice S. Whittemore. Sep 81,35p EPA-600/J-817335
Grant EPA-R-804932
Concern about polluted air in our urban and industrial
areas began gathering momentum shortly after World
War II. At that time it seemed obvious that clean air,
like clean water, clean food, and a clean body, was a
worth while goal in itself, requiring no further justifica-
tion. But it soon became evident that this goal is ex-
pensive to attain, and that rigid adherence to stringent
standards of cleanliness diverts limited human re-
sources away from other pressing and critical prob-
lems. Awareness of such facts has reoriented the goal
to one of protecting public health. This emphasis is
clearly stated in the US Clean Air Act of 1963: 'The
Congress...finds that the growth in the amount and
complexity of air pollution brought about by urbaniza-
tion, industrial development, and the increasing use of
motor vehicles, has resulted in mounting dangers to
the public health and welfare'. Two decades later we
ask: What do we know of these dangers and what
must we do to improve our knowledge.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Respiratory diseases,
Urban areas, Morbidity, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Mortality, Reprints, Participates, Photochemical oxi-
dants.
PB82-118225 PC A02/MF A01
Plant Stress Detection by Remote Measurement
of Fluorescence. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
J. C. McFartane, R. D. Watson, A. F. Theisen, R. D.
Jackson, and W. L. Ehrler. 9 May 80,5p EPA-600/J-
80-350
Pub. in Applied Optics, v19 n19 p3287-3289,1 Oct 80.
Chlorophyll fluorescence of mature lemon trees was
measured with a Fraunhofer line discriminator. An in-
crease in fluorescence was correlated with plant water
stress as measured by stomatal resistance and twig
water potential.
Keywords: 'Fluorescence, 'Stress(Physiology),
•Remote sensing, Chlorophylls, Detection,
Trees(Plants), Reprints, Lemons.
PB82-118233
PC A02/MF A01
Behavioral Toxlclty ol Acute and Subacute Expo-
sure to Trlathyltln In ths Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lawrence Reiter, Karen Kidd, Glendora Heavner, and
Patricia Ruppert. Sep 81,16p EPA-600/J-80-330
Pub. in Neurotoxicology 2, p97-1121980.
Triethylttn (TET), the most toxic of the alkyltin com-
pounds is used industrially as both a catalyst and a bio-
clde (NIOSH, 1976). Stoner et al. (1955) determined
the acute toxicity of a series of alkyltlns and reported
that in the rat, the LD50 for TET was 5.7 mg/kg.
Barnes and Stoner (1958) reported that this toxicity
was independent of the route of administration. Within
30 min. of exposure to 10 mg/kg, animals exhibited
generalized weakness, especially in the hindlimbs. In
more severe cases, this condition progressed to both
hindlimb and forelimb paralysis. Magee et al. (1957) re-
ported that TET produced a striking interstital edema
In the white matter of both the brain and spinal cord
characterized by split myelin sheaths which were dilat-
ed and filled with fluid (spongy degeneration). The
spongy degeneration produced by TET is similar to
that observed in rats with hexachlorophene intoxica-
tion (Cammer et al., 1975) and has been reported in
monkeys and cats (Hedges and Zaren, 1969). This
effect is reversible after termination of exposure
(Magee et al., 1957) and also occurs in peripheral
nerves (Graham and Gonatas, 1973). TET-lnduced
brain edema Is associated with a reduction in total
myelin content of the brain although the chemical com-
position of the myelin is normal (Etc et al., 1971). No
change in the blood-brain barrier to trypan blue has
been found (Aleu et al., 1963).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Signs and symptoms, Expo-
sure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Pathology,
Reprints, 'Triethyltin, Toxic substances.
PB82-118241 PCA02/MFA01
COMMENTARY: Neurotoxlcology-Meet the Real
World. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lawrence W. Reiter. Sep 81, 3p EPA-600/J-80-331
Pub. in Neurobehaviorai Toxicology 2, p73-74 1980.
In 1962, world attention became focused on the envi-
ronmental issues surrounding pesticide usage when
Rachel Carson published her third book, 'Silent
Spring'. Citing one case report after another, she docu-
mented how the indiscriminate use of pesticides was
profoundly affecting the balance of nature and pleaded
for a more prudent national policy governing such use.
'I contend furthermore,' she said, 'that we have al-
lowed these chemicals to be used with little or no ad-
vanced investigation of their effect on soil, water, wild-
life and man himself.' To some extent, 'Silent Spring'
ushered in the period of environmental concern which
culminated in the early 1970's. The nationwide turn-out
for the first 'Earth Day' in April of 1970 showed unmis-
takably the nation's new environmental awareness.
Since that time, we have witnessed the passage of
major legislation designed to preserve or enhance en-
vironmental quality. The National Environmental Policy
Act of 1970 led to the formation of the Environmental
Protection Agency which now manages the Clean Air
Act, 1970; the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
1972; the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuar-
ies Act, 1972; the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act of 1948, amended in 1972; the Re-
sources Conservation and Recovery Act, 1976; and
the Toxic Substances Control Act, 1976.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Pollution, Legis-
lation, Reprints, 'Neurotoxicology.
PB82-118258 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Concentration of Pollovlrus from Tap Water Using
Positively Charged Mlcroporous Filters. Journal ar-
ticle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Mark D. Sobsey, and Baxter L. Jones. 8 Dec 78,10p
EPA-600/J-79-140
GrantEPA-R-804218
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v37
n3 p588-595 Mar 79.
Microporous filters that are more electropositive than
the negatively charged filters currently used for virus
concentration from water by filter adsorption-elution
methods were evaluated for poliovirus recovery from
tap water. Zeta Plus filters composed of diatomaceous
earth-cellulose-'charge-modified' resin mixtures and
having a net positive charge of up to pH 5 to 6 efficient-
ly adsorbed poliovirus from tap water at ambient pH
levels 7.0 to 7.5 without added multivalent cation salts.
The adsorbed viruses were eluted with glycine-NaOH,
pH 9.5 to 11.5. Electropositive asbestos-cellulose fil-
ters efficiently adsorbed poliovirus from tap water with-
out added multivalent cation salts between pH 3.5 and
9.0, and the absorbed viruses could be eluted with 3%
beef extract, pH 9, but not with pH 9.5 to 11.5 glycine-
NaOH. Under water quality conditions in which poliovi-
rus recoveries from large volumes of water were less
than 5% with conventional negatively charged filters
and standard methods, recoveries with Zeta Plus fil-
ters averaged 64 and 22.5% for one- and two-stage
concentration procedures, respectively. Electroposi-
tive filters appear to offer distinct advantages over
conventional negatively charged filters for concentrat-
ing enteric viruses from water, and their behavior tends
to confirm the importance of electrostatic forces in
virus recovery from water by microporous filter adsorp-
tion-elution methods.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Filters, 'Pollovlruses,
Potable water, Viruses, Performance evaluation, Com-
parisons, Reprints.
PB82-118268 PC A02/MF A01
Potential Exposure of Workers during S«M
Potato Treatment with Captan. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
Edwin R. Stevens, and James E. Davis. Sep 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-334
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 26, p681 -688 1981.
In 1978 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ac-
cepted captan N-(trichloromethyl) thio 4-cyclohexene
1,2-dicarboximide as a possible candidate for rebuta-
ble presumption against continued registration. Risk
assessment for the use of materials chosen for RPAR
include estimates of worker exposure during various
agricultural operations. Observations during earlier
field studies in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project,
led us to believe that there was considerable use of
captan as a fungicide for seed potatoes. During the
spring of 1979 the authors undertook a study of the po-
tential for exposure to captan of workers involved with
various aspects of potato planting.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Industrial medicine, 'Pota-
toes, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Risk, Exposure,
Reprints, 'Captan, Cyclohexene dicarboximide/N-
((tnchloromethyl)thio), 'Occupational safety and
health.
PB82-118274 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
In situ Voltammetrlc Membrane Ozone Electrode-
Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
Ronafd B. Smart, Ronald Dormond-Herrera, and KhalH
H. Mancy. 4 Sep 79, 7p EPA-600/J-79-142
Grant EPA-R-804834
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v51 n14 p2315-2319 Dec
79.
A new voltammetric membrane electrode for trace
analysis of ozone was developed. The effects of stir-
ring and temperature as well as the response time
were investigated. Using a three-electrode voltamme-
tric cell, and a gas permeable membrane, measure-
ments were done using steady-state and pulse tech-
niques. The advantages of the pulse technique in com-
parison to steady state include a fifty-fold increase in
sensitivity, ability to measure in the part per billion
range, and less dependence on mixing in the test solu-
tion and thickness of the polymeric membrane. The
pulse technique is particularly suitable for monitoring
applications since the electrode sensitivity is less de-
pendent on the accumulation of suspended matter on
the surface of the membrane, when compared to
steady-state measurements. One of the main applica-
tions of this electrode system will be the control of
ozqnation processes based on in situ measurement of
residual ozone.
Keywords: 'Membranes, 'Ozone, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Chemical
reactions, Laboratory equipment, Monitoring, Environ-
mental surveys, Reprints, Ion selective electrodes,
Pulse technique.
PB82-118282 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Differential Pulse Polarography of Phenylarslne
Oxide. Journal article 10 Dec 76-9 Dec 79,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
J. H. Lowry, R. B. Smart, and K. H. Mancy. Aug 78,10p
EPA-600/J-78-188
Grant EPA-R-804834
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v50 n9 p1303-1309 Aug
78.
Differential pulse polarography was applied to analyze
for phenylarsine oxide (PAD) in aqueous solutions at
different pH values. Optimization of the instrumental
artifacts resulted in a detection limit of 10 to the -8th
power M PAO at pH 7.3, a relative standard deviation
of 1.7%, and a maximum sensitivity of 450 microam-
pere/mM PAO. The polarographic reduction of pheny-
larsine oxide was found to be pH dependent. Cyclic
1192 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
jjoltammetry and coulometry were used to character-
ize the electrode process.
s: 'Chemical analysis, pH, Performance eval-
. Oxygen organic compounds, Reprints, 'Differ-
ential pulse polarography, *Arsine oxide/phenyl.
£882-118290 PC A02/MF A01
Jjnvironmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
2®tti OH.
Analysis for Ozone and Residual Chlorine by Dlf-
Jrwitlal Pulse Polarography of Phenylarslrw
81 2*- Journal article 10 Dec 76-9 Dec 79,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
nonald B. Smart, Joe H. Lowry, and Khalil H. Mancy.
W9,7pEPA-600/J-79-141
P..« . r " n-OUHOO*r
•"JiD. in Environmental Science and Technology, v13
n1p89-92Jan?9.
The differential pulse polarography of phenylarsine
oxide (C6H5AsO) as an indirect determination of
Xfone and residual chlorine is investigated. This pro-
«wure is compared with the standard methods of
SPaiysis for these oxidants in water and wastewater.
'ne limit of detection for free chlorine at pH 7 is 3.3
PPj> of Cl, 1.6 ppb of Cl for total chlorine at pH 4, and
<-5 ppb of O3 at pH 4. The described method offers
the advantage of fIxing free chlorine in the field.
i: 'Ozone, 'Chlorine, 'Water analysis, Water
Comparison, pH, Reprints, 'Differential
polarography, "Arsine oxide/phenyl, Water pol-
detection.
£682-118308 PC A02/MF A01
wvironmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
* Transient Current Monitoring and Electrode
rflaracterlzatlon System for a Pulsed Oxygen
g*ftrode. Journal article 10 Dec 76-9 Dec 79,
J™chigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
£• ID. Wise, R. B. Smart, and K. H. Mancy. Oct 81,11 p
EPA-800/J-80-342
grant EPA-R-804834
Ku°. In Analytica Chlmica Acta. 116, p297-3051980.
Non-steady state voltammetry has been applied to
'"ewbrane electrodes to provide Improved sensitivity
r* well as independence of stirring. This paper de-
jyoes if new Instrumentation system based on com-
jjwientary metal oxide-silicon technology for the
Pwacterization of a pulsed oxygen electrode. The
•ystem provides the necessary timing, analog-to-dlgi-
;« conversion, and digital display of the transient cur-
•ent.
ors: 'Electrodes, 'Membranes, Voltammetry,
"wrormance evaluation, Laboratory equipment,
"xygen, Design criteria, Pulse analyzers, Reprints.
p!!!?8'1186M PC A02/MF A01
="vironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
ls of Commercial Cylinder Gases of Nitric
Sulfur Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide at
Concentrations: Results of Audit S. Final
[fPt,
{^search Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
£ E. Decker, W. C. Eaton, R. C. Shores, and C. V.
Wall. Oct 81,24p EPA-600/4-81 -080
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
Manufacturers of commercial cylinder gases supply
"andards with a certified analysis and a statement of
accuracy. Generally, the level of accuracy Is specified
)JjJ accuracy of analyses of commercially available cyl-
JJwr gases, the Environmental Protection Agency
JJ=PA) has initiated a national performance audit pro-
»'am of commercial gas manufacturers. Audit 1 was
Performed In June 1978, Audit 2 was performed in Jan-
"ary 1979, Audit 3 was performed In September 1979.
and Audit 4 was performed in April 1980. A summary of
•[Mae results is Included in this report. The purpose of
Audit 5 was to analyze the concentration of cylinder
vases purchased from a representative sample of
"tanufacturero and determine the accuracy of the
"manufacturers' certified concentrations. Audit 5 Includ-
Wcyllnders of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 90 and 500 ppm,
™Wc oxkto (NO) at 50 and 300 ppm, and carbon mon-
oxide (CO) at 50 and 500 ppm obtained from 14 differ-
ent manufacturers. Audit S was performed from March
through June 1981. Audit 5 results are summarized in
this report.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO),
'Carbon monoxide, 'Gas cylinders, 'Gas analysis,
Concentratin(Compositlon), Audits, Manufacturing,
Standards, Sources, Procedures.
PB82-118670 PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Definitive SOx Control Process Evaluations:
Aqueous Carbonate and Wellman-Lord (Acid,
Allied Chemical, and Resox) FQD (Flue Qas Desul-
furizatlon) Technologies. Final rept. Apr 78-Apr 81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
J. R. Byrd, K. D. Anderson, S. V. Tomlinson, and R. L.
Torstrick. Jun 81,319p EDT-121, EPA-600/7-81 -099
The report gives results of economic evaluations of
two processes: the Rockwell International aqueous
carbonate process (ACP) and the Wellman-Lord proc-
ess, the latter applied to a sulfuric acid plant, the
Foster Wheeler Resox process, and the Allied Chemi-
cal coal reduction process, all for sulfur production.
The ACP uses a spray dryer flue gas desulfurlzation
(FGD) system and molten salt reduction with coal to
make sulfur. For a 500-MW power plant burning 3.5%
sulfur coal, capital investments for the ACP and the
Wellman-Lord (acid, Resox, and Allied) processes are
$119, $131, $138, and $141/kW, respectively. Annual
revenue requirements are 4.81, 5.11, 6.03, and 5.94
mills/kWh, respectively. The ACP has a major cost ad-
vantage because It Incorporates final fly ash and chlo-
ride removal as process functions. Fly ash removal
credits and Wellman-Lord chloride control costs es-
sentially determine the capital investment relation-
ships of the processes. The ACP has a major advan-
tage in annual revenue requirements because It does
not need process or reheat steam. Wellman-Lord
process costs are the same for all three applications.
The cost difference results from end plant costs to
produce acid or sulfur. The cost relationship could be
affected by further development. The ACP, Resox, and
Allied processes have not been operated as commer-
cial FGD systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, Tech-
nology, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Flue
gases, Fly ash, Chlorides, "Wellman process, Flue gas
desulfurizatlon.
PB82-118852 PC A14/MF A01
Kentucky Utilities Company, Hancock County,
Generating Station, Units 1 and 2. Draft environ-
mental Impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 81,320p EPA-904/9-81 -081
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Louisville, KY., and Kentucky Dept. for Natural Re-
sources and Environmental Protection, Frankfort,
KY.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Kentucky Utilities Company proposes to construct
and operate two 650 MW capacity coal-fired electric
generating plants adjacent to Ohio River mile 715 in
northeast Hancock County, Kentucky. The EIS exam-
ines project alternatives, Impacts and mitigatlve meas-
ures related to groundwater, air, surface water, ecolog-
ical, and socloeconomlc and cultural systems.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements, 'Elec-
tric power plants, Qround water, Surface waters, Air
pollution, Ecology, Ohio River, Kentucky, Coal fired
power plants, Hancock County(Kentucky), Water pol-
lution control, Air pollution control, Kentucky Utilities
Company.
PB82-118951 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Assessment of Future Environmental Trends and
Problems: Industrial Use of Applied Genetics and
Biotechnologies. Final rept.,
Teknekron Research, Inc., McLean, VA.
Robert H. Zaugg, and Jeff R. Swarz. Sep 81,169p*
EPA-600/8-81-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3638
The proposed study is to be a technological assess-
ment of genetic engineering as it applies to commer-
cial industries and its potential effects on the environ-
ment. This includes a detailed literature review and
state of the art analysis of genetic engineering, an
analysis of how applied genetics will affect public
health and public welfare, its probable Impact on the
environmental policies and an analysis of knowledge
gaps, including identification of inadequacies of analyt-
ical methods and techniques. Additionally, the socio-
economic Impact of genetic engineering on commer-
cial industry will be examined. The approach will In-
clude a literature review of five key industrial sectors:
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic, Industrial Chemical,
Energy, Food Manufacturing and Preservation, and
Mining. Areas that will be examined at length include:
Environment and Populations, Government Policy, and
Technology. The research will be carried out In three
phases: (1) Development of Data Base, (2) Potential
Hazards' of Genetic Engineering, and (3) Analysis of
Findings.
Keywords: 'Technology assessment, Trends, Assess-
ments, Environments, Reviews, Drugs, Chemical com-
pounds, Energy, Food processing, Mining, Data bases,
Hazards, 'Genetic engineering, State of the art, Litera-
ture surveys, Socloeconomic factors, Cosmetics, Pol-
lution control.
PB82-119033 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions Reductions From Inspection and Main-
tenance: Vancouver Versus Portland Snapshop.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
R. Bruce Michael. Aug 81,27p EPA-AA-IMS-81 -18
The purpose of this study was to compare the emis-
sions from vehicles subject to Inspection/Mainte-
nance (I/M) in Portland with emissions from non-l/M
vehicles (Vancouver). EPA reasoned that the proximity
of these two cities would make a suitable controlled
comparison. No prior study had been performed which
would yield a comparison with as much confidence.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, 'Maintenance, Tests, 'Automobile exhaust,
Vancouver(Washington), Portland(Oregon).
PB82-119074 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Monitoring to Detect Oroundwater Problems Re-
sulting from Enhanced OH Recovery. Final rept,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Ron Beck, B. Aboba, D. Miller, and I. Kaklins. Oct 81,
146p* EPA-600/2-81-241
Contract EPA-6S-03-2648
This report develops a four-stage monitoring program
to detect groundwater contamination events that may
potentially result from enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
projects. The monitoring system design is based on a
statistical analysis evolving from a series of equations
that model subsurface transport of EOR spills. Results
of the design Include both spatial and frequency moni-
toring intervals that depend on properties of the local
geology and dispersion characteristics of the potential
contaminants. Sample results are provided for typical
reservoir characteristics. The number of independent
variables In the analysis dictate that EOR monitoring
systems be designed on a site-specific basis. Sam-
pling designs can be easily formulated to conform to
the peculiarities of chosen EOR sites based on data al-
ready available from federal and state geological sur-
veys and from oil company statistics.
Keywords: 'Oil recovery, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Mathematical prediction, Subsurface Investiga-
tions, Hydrogeology, Dispersing, Sites, Constraints, Ef-
ficiency, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Oil spills, 'En-
hanced recovery, 'Path of pollutants.
PB82-119082 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Synthet-
ic Asphalt Produced from Liquefaction of Sewage
Sludge. Final rept. Sep 79-Apr 81,
Honolulu City and County Dept. of Public Works, HI.
J. M. Donovan, T. R. Batter, R. K. Miller, and R. P.
Lottman. Oct81,67p* EPA-600/2-81-242
December 1983 1193
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-806790
Prepared by Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Rich-
land, WA., and Idaho Univ., Moscow.
Direct thermochemical liquefaction of primary undi-
gested municipal sewage sludge was carried out to
produce a low molecular weight steam-volatile oil, a
nigh molecular weight synthetic asphalt, and a residual
char cake. The latter product is capable of supplying
the thermal energy requirements of the conversion
process. The steam-volatile oil has immediate value as
a synthetic fuel oil. The synthetic asphalt may prove to
be a useful cement for paving with further research, or
can be used as a fuel or coking stock. It is outwardly
similar to petroleum asphalt, but chemically different.
The thermochemical liquefaction process should be
capable of operating technically and in an environmen-
tally acceptable manner in conjunction with many ex-
isting waste-water treatment facilities. The overall fea-
sibility of the process depends on the value of the oil
and synthetic asphalt products as petroleum replace-
ments, and on the costs associated with disposal of
sludge. Projected economics indicate that the process
has considerable promise for many potential sites in
the United States at the present time.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Asphalt, Liquefaction,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Solid waste
disposal, Paving, Economics, Fuels, Chemical feed-
stock.
PB82-119090 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Volatile Organic* In Industrial
and Municipal Wastewatere. Final rept,
Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, NY.
Jerry L. Wilson. Aug 81,81 p* EPA-600/4-81-071
Contract EPA-68-03-2635
Prepared by California Analytical Lab., Sacramento.
This report describes the systematic evaluation of a
series of parameters leading to the development of a
test procedure for 36 volatile priority pollutants in
wastewaters. A study of the effect of pH, temperature,
and residual chlorine on the aqueous stability of the
compounds leads to recommended preservation tech-
niques. Solvent extraction and purge and trap tech-
niques are examined, with special emphasis on trap
material, GC packings and detectors. The resulting
test procedures were applied to selected wastewaters
to develop accuracy and precision data. The study in-
cluded the following compounds: benzene, chloroben-
zene, toluene, ethylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-
dlchloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroeth-
ane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane,
chloroethane, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-
trans-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-cis-
dichloropropene, 1,3-trans-dichloropropene, methyl-
ene chloride, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, bromo-
form, dlchlorobromomethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
chlorodlbromomethane, tetrachloroethene, trichlor-
oethene, vinyl chloride, 2-chloroethyvinyl ether, 2,3-
dlchloropropene, dibromomethane, 1,2-dibromoeth-
ane, 1-chlorocyclohexene, p-dichlorobenzene, acrole-
In, acrylonitrile, dichlorodifluoromethane.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Chemical analysis, Solvent extrac-
tion, Gas chromatography, pH, Temperature, Chlorine
organic compounds, 'volatile organic compounds,
'Water pollution detection.
PB82-119223 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Halogenated Organic* Study for Allen, Kingston,
•nd Shawne* Steam Plant*. Final repf. Jun 79-Feb
81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
C. V. Seaman, H. B. Flora, II, L. 0. Hill, B. W. Vigon,
and T. B. Stanford. May 81,130p TVA/OP/EDT-81 /
25,EPA-600/7-81-094
The report summarizes results or studies of the forma-
tion ot halogenated organics in chlorinated cooling
waters at the Allen, Kingston, and Shawnee Steam
Plants from June through December 1979. The data
Indicate that low levels (generally <20 ppb) of some
halogenated organic compounds are formed during
power plant chlorination. The chlorine dosage appears
to be directly related to the level of the halogenated or-
ganics identified in the condenser cooling water
system. There is no clearcut pattern that definitely sup-
ports any particular relationship between precursors
(e.g., amino acid) and halogenated organic com-
pounds. Precursors show consistent measurements
above the detection limit of the analysis techniques.
Bromide, ammonia, color, and fulvic acid concentra-
tions at the Allen Plant were clearly higher than those
at the other two plants. The average humic acid con-
centration was similar at all plants. A temporal trend
was also apparent. The amino acid data showed con-
sistent measurement below the detection limit of the
analysis techniques. The data displayed no apparent
temporal trends and no obvious tendency toward one
class or structural type of amino acid.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Electric power plants, Chlorination,
Concentration(Composition), Trends, Amino acids,
Cooling water, Bromides, Color, Fulvic acid, Ammonia,
Humic acids, 'Steam power plants.
PB82-119447 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The Potential Atmospheric Impact of Chemicals
Released to the Environment- Proceeding* of
Four Workshop!,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD. Air Resources Labs.
John M. Miller. Jan 81,240p* EPA-560/5-80-001
Four workshops are reported: toxic substances in at-
mospheric deposition, screening chemicals for inad-
vertent modification of the stratosphere, the impact of
chemicals on the radiative transfer imbalance, and the
impact of anthropogenic chemicals on precipitation
processes. These workshops were convened as part
of an effort to assess the impact of toxic chemicals on
the abiotic environment (specifically, the atmosphere),
to assess the feasibility of screening chemicals for
these impacts, and whenever possible to develop a
screening logic. Report contains an extensive litera-
ture survey and bibliography.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Air pollution,
'Meetings, Stratosphere, Feasibility, Revision, Trace
elements, Metals, Concentration(Composition), As-
sessments, Organic compounds, Deposition, Parti-
cles, Clouds, Precipitation(Meteorology), Nucleation,
'Toxic substances.
PB82-119488 PC A02/MF A01
Recommended Guideline for Teratogenlclty Stud-
ies In the Rat, Mouse, Hamster, or Rabbit.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Jan81,15p
This guideline is for use with substances given orally to
the rat, mouse, hamster, or rabbit. The purpose of this
test is to yield data to help determine whether a test
substance is potentially embryolethal and/or terato-
genic. Treatment must be started early enough and
continued long enough to include the period of organo-
genesis for the particular species used.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Guidelines, Rats,
Mice, Hamsters, Rabbits, Congenital abnormalities,
'Teratogenesis.
PB82-119504 PCA02/MFA01
Recommended Guideline for Acute Oral Toxlclty
Testing In Rodent*.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
Jan81,14p
This guideline Is designed for use in acute ingestion
tests using rodents, but is adaptable to other species.
Although several accepted methods for determining
LD50 values have been developed, many important
determinants of toxicity are not represented either by
these values or slopes of dose-response curves for
lethality. These determinants are integral to an evalua-
tion of acute toxicity and should be observed during
the course of an acute toxicity study. Site and mecha-
nism of action, early or delayed death, and recovery
rate may be better indices of toxicity and hazard than
LD50 values per se. Morbidity and/or pathogenesis
may have more lexicological significance than mortali-
ty.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Guidelines.
Ingestion(Biology), Rodents, Lethal dosage, Mortality'
LD50, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-1 19S61 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, Dt/-
Office of Research and Development.
Interactive Effects of Aromatic Hydrocarbon*,
Their Derivatives, and Heavy Metals In Mann*
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. North-
west and Alaska Fisheries Center.
Edward H. Gruger, Jr., Joyce W. Hawkes, and Donald
C. Malins. Jul 81, 121p EPA-600/7-81-128
Marine organisms living in environments containing
toxic chemicals are often exposed simultaneously »
many different classes of compounds, which collec-
lively pose a different threat of lexicological effects
than is posed separately by the individual compounds.
The present research was directed toward elucidating
the effect of xenobiotics which alter the metabolism
and toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons by marine flsn
(salmon and flounder), as evinced through biochemi-
cal changes and altered cellular morphology. The xen-
obiotics used included petroleum aromatic hydrocar-
bons, chlorinated biphenyls, p-cresol, cadmium ana
lead.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Fishes, Exposure, Interactions, Metabolism, Water
pollution, Salmon, Marine biology, Crude oil, CresoW,
Cadmium, Lead(Metal), 'Heavy metals, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Fish), Mutagenesis, Flounder, 'Toxic suD-
stances, Xenobiotics, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB82-1 19975 PC A03/MF A01
National Training and Operational Technology Center,
Cincinnati, OH.
Principle* and Procedures of Aquatic Toxicology:
Training Manual. Bloassays for Toxic and Hazard-
ous Materials. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
C. Medeiros, R. Coler, and N. Ram. Mar 81 , 31 p EPA-
430/1-81-026
The manual is an introduction to the procedures which
are used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical sub-
stances to aquatic life. Such toxicity data are presently
used to determine permissible effluent discharge rates
into the aquatic environment and in monitoring levels
of contaminants in streams with respect to water qual-
ity standards. The manual discusses such topics as:
general procedures and methods of toxicity testing,
test conditions and protocol, calculations and report-
ing, interpretation of toxicity test data, and lab proce-
dures for running screening tests, 96 hour LC 50 deter-
minations, and toxicity threshold evaluations.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Marine atmos-
pheres, 'Toxicology, 'Manuals, 'Water pollution,
Handbooks, Hazardous materials, Bioassays, Tests,
Sampling, Numerical solution, Procedures.
PB82-120056 PC A03/MF A01
Determination of a Range of Concern for Mobil*
Source Emission* of Ammonia. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert J. Garbe. Aug 81 , 34p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA-81 /
20
This paper describes an effort by the Emission Control
concern for ammonia (NH3) emissions from mobile
sources. In accordance with section 202(a)(4) of the
Clean Air Act (CAA), and due to a concern within in-
dustry as to what emission levels will be used as the
basis for the evaluation of current and future technol-
ogies, a methodology was developed in order to brack-
et a range of concern for various unregulated pollut-
ants. This paper coordinates the efforts from two EPA
contracts in order to use this methodology specifically
for an evaluation of NH3. Mathematical models were
previously designed or adjusted for various exposure
scenarios (such as enclosed spaces, expressways,
and street canyons) and were used to calculate the
ambient air concentrations resulting from various
mobile source NH3 emission factors. In conjunction
with this, an NH3 health effects literature search was
1194 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conducted to aid in the determination of the final range
hiu search Provides adequate evidence
he chosen limits of the range.
*Arnmonia, *Air pollution, Mathematical
c°!?centration(Composition), Public health,
Exhaust emissions, 'Air quality, Clean air
a,. PCA03/MFA01
for AI» E?ulv"lent Fuel Economy Determination
Em/irr, nate Automotive Fuels. Technical rept,
environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
Branch °9y Assessment and Characterization
^8 A. Harvey. Aug 81 , 41p' EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-
Ihd!Iep,ort is intended to provide some of the basis for
°un the most appropriate methodology for
tne gasoline equivalent fuel economy of a
8' uses fuel ofher than 9asoline- Once this
cio gy has been determined, it will provide vehi-
aJtarn .• acturers with a way to 9a"9e the effects of
econo markatin9 °Ptions °n 'heir average fuel
: "Automotive fuels, Equivalence, Fuel con-
, Decision making, 'Alternative fuels.
ThIS'rl2.0098 pc A03/MF A01
Mahu iermlnatlon of a Ran9e of Concern for
" Em""on* ot "ydr°flen Cyanide.
re
trol"rTnm.ental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
Br ology Assessment and Characterization
? report describes an effort by the Emission Control
.nnm™3y Division of the EPA to establish a range of
,„_-„ or hydrogen cyanide (HCN) emissions from
ieaii,™ sources. A methodology was developed specif-
J*»y for an evaluation of HCN. Mathematical models
sult£ s«ed to calculate the ambient air contractions re-
£"""9 from various mobile source HCN emission fac-
ha*..i9rams/mile). In conjection with this, an HCN
the 112. ect8 literature search was conducted to aid in
aim. e'emi|nation of the final range of concern. The re-
j~!» of the available emission factor data indicate that
Buhl! emissions are not likely to present a problem to
roue health. Vehicles equipped with a three-way cat-
em8} operating under malfunction modes or low ambi-
anu ~mPeratures, may, make a greater contribution to
01'y Potential human exposure problem.
emy*?rds: "Hydrogen cyanide, 'Air pollution, Exhaust
Scissions, Mathematical models, Public health,
^ncentration(Composition), 'Air quality, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Emission factors.
2!!!2:,120106 PCA11/MFA01
Sent Wa*tewaten Research Strategy Supple-
Ijvlronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
""ice of Research and Development.
*» 81,241 p' EPA-600/9-81 -032
rnltPTP086 of tnis document is to identify the require-
or= Jor Research and Development support of Pro-
Si™*1 Office activities and to present how ORD is re-
r^onamg or intends to respond to the identified re-
quirements. Both short-term requirements and re-
j~arcn responses and long-range research planning
^Presented. These plans are Based on current per-
f research necessary to address anticipated
or technology needs. This document result-
!? from the efforts of the Municipal Wastewater Re-
2?arch Committee. It represents a consensus view of
"» research and development relating to municipal
"astewater needs over the next five years.
Bywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste water reuse,
Water pollution control, 'Municipalities, Research
rojects, Potable water, Industrial wastes, Toxtorty,
[jjzardous materials, Pesticides, Air pollution, Ecolo-
gy. Public health, Environmental impacts, Farm crops,
viruses, Land reclamation, Sludge disposal, Priorities,
tr»rgy conservation, Land application.
PB82-120114
Source Category Survey: OH Shale Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Aug 81,105p* EPA-450/3-81-010
This document contains information used as the basis
for deciding if New Source Performance Standards or
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pol-
lutants are necessary for the oil shale industry. This
document includes an industry description, an analysis
of potential emissions, and a compilation of potential
emission control techniques.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Air pollution control, Standards,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Regulations,
Sources, 'New Source Performance Standards, 'Air
pollution abatement, Emission factors.
PB82-120320 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Appendix to Finding of No Significant Impact,
Clear Creek Interceptor Project,
Dames and Moore, Golden, CO.
Michael A. Gansecki, and Paul Pigeon. Jan 81,246p
EPA-908/5-81-002
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report evaluates the segment of Clear Creek from
Golden, Colorado to its confluence with the South
Platte River. It was determined that additional study
was necessary to define the water flow changes, water
quality, aquatic life and water rights changes that
would occur with the implementation of the Metro Dis-
trict's Clear Creek Interceptor. The study also consid-
ered the added effect of the newly proposed Golden/
Coors wastewater treatment plant. The study effort de-
veloped a flow balance on Clear Creek taking into ac-
count all diversions, return flows, etc. This balance
was then used to predict effects on water quality and
aquatic habitat.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Stream llow, 'Sewage treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, 'Clear Creek, Environ-
mental impacts, Aquatic animals, Farms, Proposals,
Water rights, Colorado, Habitats.
PB82-120932 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
National Interregional Coal Models: Proceedings
on a Workshop, Bozeman, Montana, July 1979.
Great Plains agricultural council publication,
Great Plains Agricultural Council.
John W. Green. Oct 81,275p GPAC-93, EPA-600/9-
80-042
The Great Plains Agricultural Council's Committee on
Social and Economic Implications of Energy Extrac-
tion, Conversion and Transportation (GPC-8) orga-
nized and cosponsored with the Old West Regional
Commission a Workshop on National Interregional
Coal Models in Bozeman, Montana on Jury 26-27,
1979. Detailed information on six large-scale coal
models were presented at the workshop.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Meetings, Environmental impacts,
Social effect, Economic impact, 'Energy models,
Socio-economics, Resource development.
PB82-121062 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Point Source Dispersion Models.
Final rept,
Teknekron Research, Inc., Waltham, MA.
Michael T. Mills, Roger Caiazza, David D. Hergert, and
David A. Lynn. Sep 81,274p EPA-450/4-81 -032
Contract EPA-68-02-3192
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of two
Gaussian point source dispersion models by use of
hourly meteorological, air quality and emissions data
collected at 4 power plant monitoring networks. Two
versions of the EPA CRSTER model, CRSTER
(Turner) and CRSTER (Irwin), were evaluated.
CRSTER (Turner) is the current EPA CRSTER Model
which used the so called Pasquill-Gifford-Tumer (P-G-
T) dispersion curves. CRSTER (Irwin) is a modification
of the model based upon Irwin's horizontal and vertical
dispersion curves. These models differ only in the
PC A06/MF A01 choice of horizontal and vertical plume dispersion co-
efficients (sigma (y) and sigma (z)) and wind profile co-
efficients. The data for this model evaluation consists
of hourly emissions, meteorological and SO2 concen-
tration data collected during the period 1974-1977 at
the following networks operated by American Electric
Power (AEP): Clifty Creek, Tanners Creek, Muskingum
and Gavin-Kyger-Sporn. Three general approaches
were used in this analysis: statistical summaries
(Chapter V), a comparison of the characteristics of the
observed and calculated 3-hour and 24-hour episodes
(Chapter VI), and an analysis of selected individual epi-
sodes (Chapter VII).
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution, Elec-
tric power plants, Monitoring, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Comparison, Monitoring, Disper-
sions, Sulfur dioxide, Concentration(Compositlon),
Transport properties, 'Point sources, 'Gaussian
plume models, 'Air quality, CRSTER models, Disper-
sion coefficients, Numerical solution.
PB82-121161 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental Protocol for Determining Absorp-
tion Cross Sections of Organic Compounds. Inter-
im rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
J. N. Pitts, Jr., A. M. Winer, D. R. Fitz, A. K. Knudsen,
and R. Atkinson. Sep 81,40p EPA-600/3-81-051
Contract EPA-R-806661
An experimental protocol for the determination of gas
phase absorption cross-sections, and calculation of
maximum photolysis rates, has been developed and is
described in detail. Utilization of this protocol will pro-
vide a basis for evaluating the possible relative impor-
tance of one atmospheric reaction pathway (i.e., pho-
tolysis) for organic substances which may be emitted
into the environment. The experimental technique in-
volves measuring the absorption spectrum over the
wavelength region 285-825 nm at various known gas
phase concentrations of the test compound in one at-
mosphere of ultra-pure air. From the measured absor-
bance (averaged over 10 nm wavelength regions) at
the known concentrations of the test compound, ab-
sorption cross-sections (again averaged over 10 nm
wavelength increments) can be calculated. These ab-
sorption cross-sections, together with solar flux data
from the literature, then permit calculation of the pho-
tolysis rates under atmospheric conditions. Since a
photolysis quantum yield of unit is assumed in these
calculations, the resulting photolysis rates are upper
limits. The relative importance of this calculated maxi-
mum photolysis rate as an atmospheric reaction path-
way, relative to reaction with ozone and with the hy-
droxyl radical, can then be assessed. If the photolysis
rate is shown to be of importance, then further experi-
mental data on the quantum yield for photolysis under
atmospheric conditions is required to precisely deter-
mine the actual photolysis rate.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Absorption cross
sections, 'Air pollution, Laboratory equipment, Sam-
ples, Concentration(Composition), Photolysis, Ozone,
Absorption spectra, Reaction kinetics, Troposphere,
Deposition, Hydroxyl radical, Numerical solution.
PB82-121179 PC A07/MF A01
Flow and Dispersion of Pollutants Over Two-Dh
menslonal Hills: Summary Report on Joint Soviet-
American Study. Fluid modeling rept. no. 11,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Leon H. Khurshudyan, William H. Snyder, and Igor V.
Nekrasov. Aug 81,143p EPA-600/4-81 -067
Prepared in cooperation with Maim Geophysical Ob-
servatory, Leningrad (USSR), and Moscow State Univ.
(USSR). Inst. Melchanlki.
Wind tunnel experiments and theoretical models con-
cerning the flow structure and pollutant diffusion over
two-dimensional hills of varying aspect ratio are de-
scribed and compared. Three hills were used, having
small, medium and steep slopes. Measurements were
made of mean'and turbulent velocity fields upwind,
over and downwind each of the hills. Concentration
distributions were measured downwind of tracer
sources placed at the upwind base, at the crest, and at
the downwind base of each hill. These data were com-
pared with the results of two mathematical models de-
December 1983 1195
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
veloped In the U.S.S.R. for treating flow and dispersion
over two-dimensional hills. Measured concentration
fields were reasonably well predicted by the models for
a hill of small slope. The models were less successful
for hills of steeper slope, because of flow separation
from the lee side of the steepest hill and high turbu-
lence and much-reduced mean velocity downwind of
the hill of medium slope.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hills, 'Flow rate, "Diffusion,
Transport properties, Mathematical models, Compari-
son, Wind velocity, Wind tunnel models.
PB82-121336 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Resolution of Polycycllc Aromatic Hydro-
carbons In the Los Angeles Atmosphere: Applica-
tion of a Chemical Species Balance Method with
First Order Chemical Decay. Final rept. Jan-Dec 80,
California Univ., Los Angeles. Dept. of Chemical, Nu-
clear, and Thermal Engineering.
Marc Maurice Duval, and S. K. Friedlander. Sep 81,
65p EPA/600/2-81-161
Grant EPA-R-806404
The chemical mass balance method which was origi-
nally developed for source resolution of chemical ele-
ments was extended in this study to chemically reac-
tive compounds in atmospheric aerosols. The basic
theoretical equation was reformulated to incorporate
atmospheric decay factors for reactive species. The
method was tested with selected polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) using source emission data and
atmospheric concentrations reported in the literature.
Absolute atmospheric concentrations of coronene,
benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(ghi)pyrene,
and anthanthrene measured at 13 sites in the Los An-
geles basin were apportioned between automobile
and refinery emission sources. Refinery emission pat-
terns of PAH in the Los Angeles basin were computed
from an analysis of auto emissions data and ambient
data from a refinery area. Rates of atmospheric degra-
dation of the PAH were calculated from an analysis of
auto emission and ambient air data. Literature reports
on major emissions of PAH from combustion sources
were reviewed and evaluated.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, "Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, "Aerosols, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Exhaust emissions, Refineries, Sources,
Sites, "Los Angeles(California), "Chemical element
balance method, Benzopyrenes, Coronene, Numerical
solution.
PB82-122045 Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Voltammetrlc Membrane Chlorine Dioxide Elec-
trode. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Ronald Dormond-Herrera, and Khalil H. Mancy. C1980,
18pEPA-600/J-80-343
Grant EPA-R-804834
Pub. in Analytical Letters, 13 (A7) p561-5761980.
A voltammetric membrane electrode system has been
modified and applied to the in situ measurement of
chlorine dioxide. The electrode system consisted of a
gold cathode, a silver/silver chloride reference elec-
trode, and a gold counter electrode. Different mem-
brane materials were tested; silicone rubber polymeric
membranes were found to be most suitable. Electrode
applications involved the use of both steady state and
pulse voltammetric techniques. Pulse voltammetry
was primarily used for trace analysis since the sensitiv-
ity observed was about 4200 times greater than under
steady state conditions. This electrode system will find
its widest application in water supply disinfection proc-
i using chlorine dioxide. It offers the unique ad-
vantage of being sensitive to gaseous chlorine dioxide
and not to oxycnlorine ions. Chlorine dioxide is a much
more powerful disinfectant than oxychlorine ions. Fur-
thermore, the electrode system can be used for in situ
monitoring of CIO2 levels and the automatic control of
the generation and dosing of chlorine dioxide.
Keywords: "Electrodes, "Membranes, Chlorine diox-
ide, Water treatment, Potable water, Voltammetry, Dis-
infection, Monitoring, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Reprints, Water pollution detection.
PB82-122144 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Analysis for the Revised Gaseous
Emission Regulations for 1984 and Later Model
Year Light Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Engines.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jay Wallace, and Mark Wolcott. Sep 81,58p GPA-AA-
TEB-EF-81-1
This report describes the analysis performed by the
Test and Evaluation Branch to support the revised
1984 and later model year light duty truck (LOT) and
heavy duty engine (HDV) CO regulations being consid-
ered by the Standards Development and Support
Branch. This analysis examined the air quality impact
of such regulations in both low and high altitude non-
California areas under the presence of inspection and
maintenance (I/M). Six strategies are examined in this
analysis.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, "Exhaust emis-
sions, Carbon monoxide, Air pollution, Inspection,
Maintenance, Standards, Light duty vehicles, Heavy
duty engines.
PB82-122169 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the SYNeRQy-1 Fuel Additive
Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Stanley L. Syria. Jun 81,57p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -81 -
16A
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'SYNeRGy-V device under provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. This additive is intended to im-
prove fuel economy and exhaust emission levels of
two and four cycle gasoline fueled engines.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel additives, Catalysts, Perform-
ance evaluation, SYNeRGy-1 fuel additives.
PB82-123472 PC A25/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Texas, Water Year
1980. Volume 3: Colorado River Basin, Lavaca
River Basin, Gusdalupe River Basin, Neces River
Basin, Rio Grande Basin, and Intervening Coastal
Basins. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Austin, TX. Water Resources Div.
Aug 81,599p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /081
Surface-water data for the 1980 water year for Texas
are presented in three volumes, appropriately identi-
fied as to content by river basins. Data in each volume
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs. Also included are
crest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record sta-
tions, reconnaissance partial-record stations, and low-
flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were
collected at various sites, not part of the systematic
data collection program, and are published as miscel-
laneous measurements. Records for a few pertinent
stations in bordering States are also included. These
data represent that part of the National Water Data
System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
cooperating State and Federal agencies in Texas.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Texas,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Colorado River Basin, Lavaca River Basin, Guadalupe
River Basin, Neces River Basin, Rio Grande Basin,
"Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Qpastal basins.
PB82-123514 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Environmental Impact Guidelines for New Source
Petroleum Refineries. Final rept
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Oct81,128p" EPA-130/6-81-001
Contract EPA-68-01-4157
This guideline document has been prepared to aug-
ment the information previously released by the Office
of Federal Activities entitled Environmental Impact As-
sessment Guidelines for Selected New Source Indus-
tries. Its purpose is to provide guidance for the prepa-
ration and/or review of environmental documents (En-
vironmental Information Document or Environmental
Impact Statement) which EPA may require under the
authority of the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) as part of the new source (NPDES) permit ap-
plication review process. This document has been pre-
pared in seven sections, organized in a manner to fa-
cilitate analysis of the various facets of the environ-
mental review process. The initial section includes a
broad overview of the industry intended to familiarize
the audience with the processes, trends, impacts and
applicable pollution regulations commonly encoun-
tered in the petroleum refining industry. Succeeding
sections provide a comprehensive identification ana
analysis of potential environmental impacts, pollution
control technologies available to meet Federal stand-
ards, and other controllable impacts. The document
concludes with three sections: available alternatives a
listing of Federal regulations (other than pollution con-
trol) which may apply to the new source applicant, and
a comprehensive listing of references for further read-
ing.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Guidelines, "Pe-
troleum industry, "Water pollution, "Air pollution, Re-
fineries, Standards, Pollution control, Technology,
Substitutes, Industrial waste treatment, Trends, "Solid
wastes.
PB82-123522 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Environmental Impact Guidelines for New Source
Phosphate Fertilizer Manufacturing Facilities. Final
rept,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Don R. McCombs, James C. Barber, and Richard
Bonskowski. Oct 81,224p EPA-130/6-81-003
Contract EPA-68-01-4957
This document has been prepared in seven sections,
organized in a manner to facilitate analysis of the vari-
ous facets of the environmental review process. The
initial section includes a broad overview of the industry
intended to familiarize the audience with the process-
es, trends, impacts and applicable pollution regula-
tions commonly encountered in the phosphate fertiliz-
er industry. Succeeding sections provide a compre-
hensive identification and analysis of potential environ-
mental impacts, pollution control technologies avail-
able to meet Federal standards, and other controllable
impacts. The document concludes with three sections:
available alternatives, a listing of Federal regulations
(other than pollution control) which may apply to the
new source applicant, and a comprehensive listing of
references for further reading.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Guidelines, "Fer-
tilizers, "Water pollution, "Air pollution, Inorganic phos-
phates, Manufacturing, Sources, Trends, Technology.
Substitutes, Regulations, Standards, Assessments, li-
censes, "Solid wastes.
PB82-123530 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Environmental Impact Guidelines for New Source
Non-Fertilizer Phosphate Manufacturing Facilities.
Final rept,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Ronald B. McNeil, Mark Cameron, Robert P. Stevens,
and James C. Barber. Oct 81,118p* EPA-130/6-81 -
004
Contract EPA-68-01-4157
This guideline document has been prepared to aug-
ment the information previously released by the Office
of Federal Activities entitled Environmental Impact As-
sessment Guidelines for Selected New Source Indus-
tries. Its purpose Is to provide guidance for the prepa-
ration and/or review of environmental documents (En-
vironmental Information Document or Environmental
Impact Statement) which EPA may require under the
authority of the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) as part of the new source (NPDSS) permit ap-
plication review process. This document has been pre-
pared in six sections; organized in a manner to facili-
tate analysis of the various facets of the environmental
review process. The initial section includes a broad
overview of the industry intended to familiarize the au-
dience with the processes, trends, impacts and appli-
cable pollution regulations commonly encountered in
1196 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the non-fertilizer phosphate Industry. Succeeding sec-
tions provide a comprehensive Identification and anal-
ysis of potential environmental Impacts, pollution con-
trol technologies available to meet Federal standards,
ana other controllable Impacts. The document con-
cludes with two sections: available alternatives, and a
comprehensive listing of references for further read-
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Chemical indus-
Jjy, Inorganic phosphates, 'Guidelines, 'Water pollu-
"on, 'Air pollution, Manufacturing, Pollution control,
substitutes, Standards, Industrial waste treatment,
uesign criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Phosphate
industry, "Solid wastes.
PC A09/MF A01
DC.
PB82-123548 r~ „„„, ,.„
environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Office of Federal Activities.
environmental Impact Guidelines lor New Source
vanned and Preserved Seafood Processing Faclll-
HJ*L Final rapt.,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
Leroyc. Reid, Jr., Shermon U. Smith, Wayne 0. Lee,
*"<> Don R. McCombs. Oct81, 199p* EPA-1 30/6-81 -
This guideline document has been prepared to aug-
"jent the information previously released by the Office
01 Federal Activities entitled Environmental Impact As-
sessment Guidelines for Selected New Source Indus-
F*s. US purpose is to provide guidance for the prepa-
ration and/or review of environmental documents (En-
vironmental Information Document or Environmental
""Pact Statement) which EPA may require under the
Wority of the National Environmental Policy Act
["EPA) as part of the new source (NPDSS) permit ap-
P"catiqn review process. This document has been pre-
pared in six sections, organized in a manner to facili-
[ate analysis of the various facets of the environmental
review process. The initial section includes a broad
overview of the industry intended to familiarize the au-
aience with the processes, trends, impacts and appli-
{•able pollution regulations commonly encountered in
}"e canned and preserved seafood processing indus-
?>• Succeeding sections provide a comprehensive
Pfntrtication and analysis of potential environmental
Impacts, pollution control technologies available to
•jj^et Federal standards, and evaluation of available
jjjjernatives. The document concludes with two sec-
*?ns: a comprehensive listing of references for further
feading, and a glossary of terms common to the indus-
JlVWords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Food industry.
Seafood, 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollu-
?°n, Trends, Pollution control, Standards, Substitutes,
industrial waste treatment, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Solid wastes, State of the art.
£®*8-123670 PC A99/MF A01
water Resources Data for Texas, Water Year
JWO. Volume 1: Arkansas River Basin, Red River
5f*ln, Sablne River Basin, Neches River Basin,
'finny River Basin and Intervening Coastal
5**lns. Water-data rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
geological Survey, Austin, TX. Water Resources Div.
, , . .
fffl 81. 61 Op USGS/WRD/HD-81/079, USGS-WDR-
^•e also Volume 3, PB80-1 94566.
Surface-water data for the 1980 water year for Texas
¥* presented in three volumes, appropriately identi-
"ea as to content by river basins. Data in each volume
Consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
J*y of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs. Also included are
{•rest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record sta-
J°na, reconnaissance partial-record stations, and low-
Jl0* partial-record stations. Additional water data were
^"lected at various sites, not part of the systematic
jwta collection program, and are published as miscel-
laneous measurements. Records for a few pertinent
stations in bordering States are also included. These
gata represent that part of the National Water Data
?Vstem operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and
c°operating State and Federal agencies in Texas.
JJeyworda: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Texas,
water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
Arkansas River Basin, Red River Basin, Sabine River
Basin, Neches River Basin, Trinity River Basin, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologlc data, Dlscharge(Water),
Water levels, Coastal basins.
PB82-123704 PC A08/MF A01
Farmland Industries, Inc. Phosphate Mine, Hardee
County, Florida. Final environmental Impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 81,155pEPA-904/9-81-085
See also PB81-219784. Prepared in cooperation with
Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville, FL. Jacksonville Dis-
trict.
Farmland Industries, Inc. has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine and beneficiatlon plant on a 7810-
acre site in west central Hardee County, Florida.
Mining and processing will involve 5280 acres, all of
which will be reclaimed, and will produce 2 million tons
of phosphate rock per year for 20 years. The EIS ex-
amines alternatives, impacts and mitigative measures
related to air, geology, radiation, groundwater, surface
water, ecology and other natural and cultural systems.
Keywords: Florida, Substitutes, Ground water, Surface
water, Air pollution, Ecology, Sites, 'Phosphate
mining, 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Farmland Industries, Inc., Phosphate rock, Phos-
phate industry, Hardee County(Flonda).
PB82-123712 PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Literature and On-going EPA
Projects Comparing Portable Dosimeters and
Fixed Site Monitors a* Accurate Indicators of Ex-
posure to Carbon Monoxide. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Allan W. Ader. May 81,20p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-14
This report will be primarily concerned with reviewing
and evaluating previous studies comparing personal
dosimeter readings and fixed site monitors. The sec-
ondary objective will be to assess the correlation, if
any, of either or both of these monitoring techniques to
various biological measurements of CO exposure in-
cluding 'end-expired' breath analysis and blood car-
boxy-hemoglobin (COHb). An accurate assessment of
the above parameters is essential especially in urban
areas where CO levels above the National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10 mg/cu m (9 ppm) for
an eight-hour limit and 40 mg/cu m (35 ppm) for a
maximum one-hour limit have been reported.
Keywords: 'Dosimeters, 'Air pollution, 'Carbon mon-
oxide, Gas detectors, Exposures, Monitoring, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions,
Sites, 'Air quality, Indoor air pollution.
PB82-123837 PC A02/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Basko MW Englnecoat
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Mar 80,20p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-80-7
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Basko MW Enginecoat' device under
provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Infor-
mation and Cost Savings Act. 'Basko MW Enginecoat'
is two paint-like products, one designed to insulate
engine components, the second designed to cool
other engine components. Application of these two
coatings to the engine is claimed to improve fuel econ-
omy and performance while reducing emissions. Anal-
ysis of the information submitted by the Applicant did
not prove that the use of 'Basko MW Enginecoat'
would enable a vehicle operator to Improve a vehicle's
fuel economy or emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Motor
vehicle engines, Coatings, Thermal insulation, Cooling,
Basko MW Enginecoat.
PB82-123944 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
Environmental Impact Guidelines for New Source
Underground Coal Mines and Cos) Cleaning Facili-
ties. Final rept,
WAPORA, Inc.. Washington, DC.
Alfred M. Hlrsch, Don R. McCombs, and David H. Dike.
Oct 81,246p" EPA-130/6-81 /002
Contract EPA-88-01 -4957
See also report dated Oct 75, PB-258 527.
This guideline document has been prepared to aug-
ment the information previously released by the Office
of Federal Activities entitled Environmental Impact As-
sessment Guidelines for Selected New Source Indus-
tries. Its purpose is to provide guidance for the prepa-
ration and/or review or environmental documents (En-
vironmental Information Document or Environmental
Impact Statement) which EPA may require under the
authority of the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) as part of the new source (NPDES) permit ap-
plication review process. This document has been pre-
pared in seven sections, organized in a manner to fa-
cilitate analysis of the various facets of the environ-
mental review process. The initial section includes a
broad overview of the industry intended to familiarize
the audience with the processes, trends, impacts and
applicable pollution regulations commonly encoun-
tered in the underground coal mining and coal cleaning
industry. Succeeding sections provide a comprehen-
sive identification and analysis of potential environ-
mental impacts, pollution control technologies avail-
able to meet Federal standards, and other controllable
Impacts. The document concludes with three sections:
available alternatives, a listing of Federal regulations
(other than pollution control) which may apply to the
new source applicant, and a comprehensive listing of
references for further reading.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Coal prepara-
tion, 'In situ combustion, 'Coal mining, 'Guidelines,
'Water pollution, *Air pollution, Assessments, Stand-
ards, Substitutes, Regulations, Desulfurization, Design
criteria, Technology, Environmental surveys, 'Solid
wastes, Air pollution abatement.
PB82-124116 PC A06/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Little Rock
(Adams Field), Arkansas. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Oct 81,118p EPA-906/9-81-005
This EIS has been prepared concurrently with the 201
facilities plan for the Adams Field/Little Maumelle
Planning area in Arkansas. EPA's preferred alternative
is to expand the Adams Field wastewater treatment
plant, to construct an additional interceptor along
Fourche Creek, and continue the use of septic tank
systems on sites with suitable soils in the Little Mau-
melle Valley.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statement-draft, Sewers, Construction, Septic
tanks, Water pollution, Air pollution, Odors, Public
health, Aquatic animals, Sewage, Dissolved gases,
Oxygen, Activated sludge process, Upgrading, Cost
analysis, Arkansas, 'Sewage treatment plants, Little
Rock(Arkansas).
PB82-124215 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Fuel Conservation Device.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas J. Penninga. FebSO, 29p EPA-AA-TEB-511-
80-2
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
On June 21, 1979 the EPA received a request from
FCD Electronics, Inc. for evaluation of a fuel saving
device termed the 'Fuel Conservation Device.' This
document announces the conclusions of the EPA's
evaluation under the provisions of Section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Detec-
tors, Automatic control equipment, Installation, Fuel
conservation devices.
PB82-124231 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Alkyl Phosphates by Extractive Alky-
latlon. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
Diane E. Bradway, Robert Moseman, and Randy May.
Sep 81, 6p EPA-600/ J-81 -033
December 1983 1197
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxi-
cology 26, p520-523 1981.
The development of suitable methods for analysis of
the alkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus
pesticides in urine has been a rather difficult and per-
sistent problem. Currently available methodology suf-
fers from several shortcomings. The extraction of the
compounds from urine is often incomplete and incon-
sistent. The reagent used in derivatization, diazopen-
tane, and its precursor, a substituted nitrosoguanidine,
present unacceptable hazards to the analyst, princi-
pally because of the demonstrated mutaqenicity and/
or carcinogenicity of the reagents. In addition, when di-
methylphosphorothioate and diethylphosphorothiqate
are derivatized with diazoalkanes, they to give two iso-
meric products: a phosphorothionate and a phosphor-
othiolate. It is therefore, uncertain that the ratio of the
isomers is constant. The limit of detection is higher
than would be the case if only one product were
formed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Urine,
'Organic phosphates, Solvent extraction, Isomers,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Phosphoroth-
ioic acid/(dimethyl-ester), Phosphorothioic acid/
(diethyl-ester).
PB82-124249 PC A02/MF A01
Reductive Degradation of Dleldrln and Endrln In
the Field Using Acidified Zinc. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
Larry C. Butler, Donald C. Staiff, G. Wayne Sovocool,
Nancy K. Wilson, and James A. Magnuson. Sep 81,
16pEPA-600/J-81-074
Pub. in Jnl. Environmental Science and Health B16, n4
p395-408 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Wash-
ington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Chemistry.
The reductive dechlorination of dieldrin and endrin was
investigated as a possible procedure for field disposal
of small quantities of these pesticides. The objective
was to convert the parent compounds to environmen-
tally less objectionable materials. Emulsifiable concen-
trate formulations of the pesticides in a soil slurry were
mixed with powdered zinc, dilute acetic acid, and ace-
tone to facilitate reaction. Analysis of the mixtures by
GC-MS indicated essentially complete conversion of
endrin and partial conversion of dieldrin to products
probably formed by replacement of the bridge anti
chlorines with hydrogen. Partial confirmation of the de-
sired antl dechlorodieldrln product was made by nmr.
Disappearance of the parent compounds and produc-
tion of conversion products was monitored for 2 112
years by GC in an outside soil plot, and accelerated
destruction of parent compounds was achieved by the
treatment. By analogy to the bridge anti dechloro prod-
ucts of aldrin and Isodrin, the anti dechloro products
probably are much less toxic than the parent com-
pounds and are therefore environmentally less objec-
tionable.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Dieldrin, 'Endrin,
'Dechlorination, Chlorine organic compounds, Pesti-
cides, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Re-
prints.
PB82-124256 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Tracer Study of Sediment-Water Interaction* In
Eetuarlee. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Miles A. Luedtke, and Michael L. Bender. c1979,11 p
EPA-600/J-79-137,, ERLN-X12
Grant EPA-R-803243
Pub. in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 9, p643-
651 1979.
Rates of sediment bioturbation and advective ex-
change of water across the sediment-water Interface
in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island were studied by ra-
dioactive tracer experiments. The 'biological pumping
rate' of water across the interface (.7 + or - .3 cc/sq
cm day) was calculated from a two box model in which
the decrease In (22)Na concentration in water overly-
ing a box core was ascribed to animal pumping of
water across the sediment-water interface. The 'diffu-
sion coefficient' of solid sediment was determined to
be 3 + or • 10 to the -7th power sq cm/sec from the
depth distribution at the end of the experiment of
(141)Ce tagged microspheres and (S9)Fe (which was
quantitatively scavenged onto particles at the start of
the experiment). The pore water profile determined for
(54)Mn in the cores was similar to stable Mn profiles
previously determined for the site. Of the radioisotopes
added to the water overlying the box core, nearly
100% of the Na and 50% of Sr remained in solution,
while only 10% of the Ba, Mn, and Hg and less than
1 % of the Cd, Zn, and Fe remained in solution when
the experiments were terminated. (Copyright (c) 1979
Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Sediment transport, 'Marine
microorganisms, Mixing, Narragansett Bay, Rhode
Island, Sediments, Sodium, Iron, Manganese, Cadmi-
um, Zinc, Barium, Mercury(Metal), Transport proper-
lies, Reprints, 'Tracer techniques, 'Sediment water
interfaces.
PB82-124264 PC A02/MF A01
A Method for the Determination of Dlalkyl Phos-
phate Residues In Urine. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Stuart J. Reid, and Randall R. Watts. Sep 81, 9p EPA-
600/J-81-151
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v5, p126-132,
May/June 81.
The analysis of urine for dialkyl phosphate residues
provides a measure of mammalian exposure to organ-
ophosphate pesticides. A method is presented for
quantitative determination of six alkyl phosphate uri-
nary metabolites. These metabolites are as follows:
0,0-dimethyl phosphate, 0,0-diethyl phosphate, 0,0-di-
methyl phosphorothionate, 0,0-dimethyl phosphoro-
dithioate, 0,0-diethyl phosphorthionate, and 0,0-diethyl
phosphorodithioate. A screening method is also given
for a rapid assessment of human exposure. Penta-
fluorobenzyl bromide is utilized as the derivatization re-
agent to form pentafluorobenzyl esters. The reaction
products are determined by gas chromatography on
routine pesticide columns utilizing the phosphorus
specific flame photometric detector. Recoveries of all
six dialkyl phosphates are greater than 90% with the
minimum level of detection ranging from 0.04 to 0.13
ppm.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Urine, 'Chemical analysis,
'Organic phosphates, Exposures, Public health, Gas
chromatography, Residues,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Phosphoric
acid/(dimethyl-ester), Phosphoric acld/(diethyl-ester),
Phosphorothionic acid/(dimethyl-ester), Phosphoro-
dlthioic acid/(dimethyl-ester), Phosphorthionic acid/
(diethyl-ester), Phosphorodithioic acid/(diethyl-ester).
PB82-124272 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The Relaxation between Pore Water Chemistry
and Benthlc Fluxes of Nutrients and Manganese In
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Richard J. McCaffrey, Allen C. Myers, Earl Davey,
George Morrison, and Michael Bender. c1980,16p
EPA-600/J-80-324,, ERLN-X13
Grant EPA-R-803243
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography 25, n1 p31-44
1980.
Benthic fluxes of dissolved nutrients and manganese
from biologically disturbed, relatively unpolluted sedi-
ment in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, have been
measured. Analyses of the vertical gradients of chemi-
cal species dissolved in pore waters and the uptake of
(22)Na from the overlying water permits evaluation of
the contribution of biological advection and molecular
diffusion to the transport of dissolved materials across
the sediment-water interface. The activity of bottom-
dwelling organisms appears to be about as important
as molecular diffusion in most cases. The sum of the
independently estimated contributions by both mecha-
nisms is in good agreement with integrated benthic
fluxes measured in situ. Sulfate and oxygen oxidize
comparable amounts of organic matter In these sedi-
ments. (Copyright (c) 1980, by the American Society of
Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Manganese, 'Narragansett
Bay, 'Water chemistry, Rhode Island, Sediments, Or-
ganic compounds, Benthonic zone, Sodium, Soil
water, Reprints, Sediment water Interfaces.
PB82-124280 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Correlation of Airway Resistance with Forced
Random Noise Resistance Parameters. Journal ar-
ticle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
R. L. Pimmel, J. M. Fullton, J. F. Ginsberg, M. J.
Hazuch, and E. D. Haak. Sep 81, 9p EPA-600/J-81-
263
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 51, n1 p33-39 1981.
The correlation between airway resistance (RAW)
measured in a plethysmograph and three respiratory
resistance parameters measured by forced random
noise was evaluated. Forced random noise resistance
parameters were the average resistance between 6
and 9 Hz (R5-9), the average resistance between 20
and 24 Hz (R20-24), and the extrapolated resistance
at 1 Hz (R1). The authors studied 22 healthy, nons-
moking subjects, 10 of whom had a history suggesting
childhood asthma. Serial measurements were made
after inhalation of aerosols containing increasing con-
centrations of methacholine to obtain increasing con-
centrations of methacholine to obtain data in various
stages of bronchoconstriction. There was a broad
range of responsiveness to methacholine; the ratio of
the peak to base-line values of RAW ranged from 1 -1
to 6.3. R1, R5-9, and R20-24 were related to RAW by
linear regression analysis. R1, and R5-9 showed ex-
cellent correlation with RAW (r=0.93 and r=0.91, re-
spectively); R20-24 showed much poorer correlation
(r=0.62). The slopes of the regression equations for
R1 and R5-9 were 1.56 and 0.51, respectively; thus
neither provided an exact measure of RAW. The data
appear to be cpnsistent with a model in which most of
the methacholine-induced increase in resistance oc-
curred in the peripheral airways and only a small frac-
tion in the central airway.
Keywords: Respiration, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Noise(Sound), Reprints,
'Airway resistance, Plethysmography, Methacholine
compounds.
PB82-124298 PC A02/MF A01
A Coupled Mlcrosomal-Actlvatlng/Embryo Cul-
ture System: Toxlclty of Reduced beta-Nlcotlna-
mlde Adenlne Dlnucleotlde Phosphate (NADPH).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Kirk T. Kitchin, Mrinal K. Sanyal, and Beat P. Schmld.
28 Oct 80,10p EPA-600/J-81 -336
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v30 n9 p985-992
1981. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst. of
Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An NADPH-dependent microsomal-activatlng system
has been coupled to a rat embryo culture in vitro. No
embryonic morphological abnormalities or decreaseW
final yolk sac or embryo DNA and protein contents oc-
curred when 0.2 mM NADPH was used in this coupled
system. In contrast, 1 .OmM NADPH alone, or 0.2mM
NADPH In the presence of microsomes and a glucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase-based NADPH-generat-
Ing system, greatly reduced embryo and yolk sac
growth in vitro. The toxicity of NADPH was not due to
lipid peroxidation. Only minor decreases in final yolk
sac protein levels occurred when embryos were grown
in media containing male rat microsomes and 1.0mM
NADPH. The protective effect of rat hepatic micro-
somes on NADPH toxicity does not seem to have been
due to the oxidation of NADPH to the less toxic NADP.
Although cyclophosphamide alone was not toxic to rat
embryos cultured in vitro, in the coupled microsomal-
activating/embryo culture system, cyclophosphamide
reduced yolk sac and embryo growth and caused ab-
normal embryonic differentiation. The uses of the .cou-
pled microsomal-activating/embryo culture system to
study mechanisms in anomalous development as well
as its possible use in embryo toxicity and teratogenicity
testing, are discussed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Cultures(Biology), Embryos,
Rlbosomes, Reprints, 'Nicotinamlde adenine dinu-
cleotlde phosphate.
PB82-124306 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
1198 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
j??*P|rat°ry Responses In Humans Repeatedly
to Low Concentrations of Ozone 1-3.
icle,
Univ., Santa Barbara. Inat. of Environmental
Iif2lln8bee- J- F- Bed|. and s- M- Horvath. 1980,
l)pEPA-6oo/j-8o-329
Contract EPA-68-02-1 723
P43i-439 8rioan Review of Respiratory Disease 121,
The effect of repeated daily exposure to low concen-
f ozone was studied in healthy adult males to
answer 2 questions: (1 ) Is there a cumulative effect of
?*R osure to ozone from day to day, causing an exacer-
anh! n of changes in pulmonary function. (2) Does the
raS develop resistance or adaptation to the respi-
'aiory effects of ozone. The subjects were exposed for
«i Jn an environmental chamber at 35C and 45% to
K. H*» vT SUD
Sr" concentration of ozone: group 1 (n=10), 0.20
HJH1 o' ozone; group 2 (n=10), 0.35 ppm of ozone;
Br>T,;p 3 S/P approx. S/B. S/F
ratios were > 1, suggesting a concentrating effect by
the salivary gland. S/B and S/P ratios for mercury in-
creased with increasing dose; S/B and S/P ratios for
cadmium decreased with increasing dose. Similar
dose-related effects were apparent In the T/B and T/P
ratios.
Keywords: "Saliva, "Excretion, "Cadmium,
"Mercury(Metal), Metals, Blood pressure, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints.
PB82-124793 Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of Hydride
Generation and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorp-
tion Techniques for Determining Organic and In-
organic Arsenic In Complex Wastewaters. Journal
article,
Benedict Coll., Columbia, SC.
James T. Kinard, and Morris E. Gales, Jr. c1981,22p
EPA-600/J-81-322
Grant EPA-R-805237
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science Health, A16(1),
p27-501981.
A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the determi-
nation of arsenic in complex wastewater samples by
hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic ab-
sorption techniques has been conducted. Two hydride
generation techniques were employed. One consisted
of the use of sodium borohydride pellets and argon to
sweep the arsine into a hydrogen flame. In the second,
arsine was produced from a sodium borohydride solu-
tion and swept into an air-acetylene heated quartz
tube. The hydride generation techniques yielded con-
sistent, reliable data for highly complex wastewater
matrices only when arsine generation was preceded
by a closed acid digestion procedure. Complete recov-
ery of arsenic (99%) was achieved using the graphite
furnace technique and was found to be independent of
the complexity of the wastewater matrix and of the or-
ganic form of arsenic present. Hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques were
comparable with regard to sensitivity, reproducibility
and relative detection limits, the latter was somewhat
superior in terms of accuracy and the need for sample
pretreatment. Both types of techniques are suitable for
routine analysis.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Arsenic, "Complex com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Hy-
drides, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Compari-
son, Water pollution, Atomic spectroscopy, Reprints,
"Water pollution detection, Graphite furnace atomic
absorption techniques.
PB82-124801 Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
nati, OH.
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of Hydride
Generation and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorp-
tion Techniques for Determining Organic and In-
organic Arsenic In Complex Wastewaters. Journal
article,
Benedict Coll., Columbia, SC.
James T. Kinard, and Morris Gales, Jr. c1981,25p
EPA-600/J-81-319
Grant EPA-R-805237
Pub. in Environmental Science Health, A16(1), p27-50
1981.
A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the determi-
nation of arsenic In complex wastewater samples by
hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic ab-
sorption techniques has been conducted. Two hydride
generation techniques were employed. One consisted
of the use of sodium borohydride pellets and argon to
sweep the arsine Into a hydrogen flame. In the second,
arsine was produced from a sodium borohydride solu-
tion and swept into an air-acetylene heated quartz
tube. The hydride generation techniques yielded con-
sistent, reliable data for highly complex wastewater
matrices only when arsine generation was preceded
by a closed acid digestion procedure. Complete recov-
ery of arsenic (99%) was achieved using the graphite
furnace technique and was found to be Independent of
the complexity of the wastewater matrix and of the or-
ganic form of arsenic present. Hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques were
comparable with regard to sensitivity, reproducibility
and relative detection limits, the latter was somewhat
superior in terms of accuracy and the need for sample
December 1983 1199
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pretreatment. Both types of techniques are suitable for
routine analysis.
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Arsenic, 'Complex com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Hy-
drides, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Compari-
son, Water pollution, Atomic spectroscopy, Reprints,
'Water pollution detection, Graphite furnace atomic
absorption techniques.
PB82-125014 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Nltrosamlnes In Vehicle Interiors. Final rept. Jun
B0-May81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Lawrence R. Smith. Sep 81,71 p* EPA-460/3-81-029
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
Researchers in the nitrosamine field were contacted
on their views of the TEA analyzer and ThermoSorb/N
Air Samplers for nitrosamine analysis. Gas samples
were taken from vehicle interiors to determine the ef-
fects of vehicle type, vehicle age, mode of operation,
the ambient conditions on interior nitrosamine levels. A
total of fifty-eight vehicles were sampled in the pro-
gram. Occupant exposure levels were estimated using
test vehicle data.
Keywords: 'Amines, 'Nitroso compounds, *Air pollu-
tion, 'Motor vehicles, Samplers, Exposure, Laboratory
equipment, Tests.
PB82-126111 PCA03/MFA01
Preliminary Calculation of Fuel Economy Adjust-
ment Factors. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Jul 81,47p EPA/AA/CTAB/FE-81 -17
See also report dated Mar 81, PB81 -241986.
This report is a dual purpose report: (1) it is a cover
report for EPA Final report 460/3-81-003, 'Develop-
ment of Adjustment Factors for On-Road Fuel Econo-
my' and (2) it is a preliminary determination of fuel
economy adjustment factors in support of on-going
fuel economy rulemaking activity. In its role as a cover
for the EPA report, it extracts key findings, critiques the
findings and offers modifications to the findings where
there is reason to adopt alternate assumptions. In its
rulemaking support role as an initial estimate of MPG
adjustment factors, it compares the EEA (Energy And
Environmental Analysis) results with those of other
recent, significant publications in this area. The result-
ing preliminary adjustment factors herein are thus an
amalgam of the factors derived by these four data
sources.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, Sta-
tistical data, Sampling, Data sources, 'Adjustment fac-
tors.
PB82-126129 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Visibility Benefits Assessment Guidebook, Final
Report,
Abt/West, Denver, CO.
Robert D. Rowe, and Lauraine G. Chestnut. Aug 81,
331pEPA-450/5-81-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3528
See also Executive Summary, PB82-126137,
This guidebook presents concepts and techniques
that can be used to estimate monetary benefits for
changes in visibility aesthetics resulting from alterna-
tive levels of air pollution control. There are several de-
fensible methodologies that can be used to place a
monetary value on visibility aesthetics. This guidebook
focuses upon this one aspect of air quality analysis,
which can be combined with other aspects, such as
health damages of air pollution and costs of emission
controls to producers, to assist in policy decision
making relating to air quality management. This guide-
book introduces these benefit estimation techniques in
recognition of the EPA's need to provide technical
support to those who must evaluate impacts related to
clean air regulations and in recognition that Improved
benefit measurement will lead to more accurate bene-
fit-cost analysis. Finally, documentation of the as-
sumptions, strengths, and limitations of each method
provides Inexperienced users with some technical
basis for Interpreting the results of the various ap-
proaches.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, As-
sessments, Economics, Surveys, Benefit cost analy-
sis, Regulations, 'Air quality, State of the art.
PB82-126137 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Visibility Benefits Assessment Guidebook, Execu-
tive Summary. Final rept.,
Abt/West, Denver, CO.
Robert D. Rowe, and Lauraine G. Chestnut. Aug 81,
38pEPA-450/5-81-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3528
See also Final Report, PB82-126129.
The Executive Summary is a companion volume to the
Visibility Benefits Assessment Guidebook. Its purpose
is to provide an overview of the major concepts and
procedures covered by the guidebook. The Visibility
Benefits Assessment Guidebook provides a compre-
hensive and critical assessment of visibility benefits
analysis as it exists today. The Guideb9ok describes
the relationship between atmospheric chemistry,
visual perception, and theoretical and applied welfare
economics and presents a description of the most
promising methodologies for accomplishing benefits
analysis. Case studies are also included.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, As-
sessments, Economics, 'Air quality.
PB82-126152 PC A02/MF A01
Flushing Study of South Beach Marina, Oregon.
Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Richard J.Callaway. 1981,14pEPA-600/J-81-397
Pub. in Jnl. of the Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean
Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil
Engineers, v107 nWW2 p47-58 May 81.
This report concerns one aspect of the marina permit
evaluation process: water quality impacts related to
marina circulation and flushing efficiency. These physi-
cal properties vary with the wind, tide range, water
density, and physical dimensions of a marina. Water
quality is affected by the degree of flushing, and sedi-
ment redistribution by currents. Detrimental water
quality can determine the fate of migrating juvenile fish
and benthic organisms. Hydraulic model studies of
small harbors provide an alternative method of as-
sessing flushing ability.
Keywords: 'Hydraulic models, 'Marinas, 'Flushing,
•Water quality, Mathematical models, Ocean tides,
Dyes, Wind(Meteorology), Fishes, Sediment transport,
Licenses, Oregon, Repnnts, Tracer studies.
PB82-126160 PC A02/MF A01
Flavor Aversions Induced by Chlordlmeform.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert C. MacPhail, and J. David Leander. 19 May 80,
6p EPA-600/J-80-050
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology, v2 p363-365
1981.
Chlordimeform is a member of the formamidine class
of insecticide/acaricide with many diverse pharmaco-
logical actions. Little is known, however, about its be-
havioral actions, although evidence suggests that it
produces signs of central nervous system stimulation.
The present study was undertaken, therefore, to fur-
ther characterize the behavioral actions of. Chlordime-
form. A flavor-aversion paradigm was selected be-
cause paradigms of this sort have already proven
useful in assessing the behavioral impact of other
types of toxic substances, e.g., methyl mercury lead
and triethyl-tin.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Flavor, 'Toxicology, Chlo-
., , _._ —.-1 nervoua 8y8terni Be-
l-(chloro-toryl)-N-N-di-
rine organic compounds, Central nervous system, Be-
havior, Reprints, Formamidlne/N-(chloro-te
methyl, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-126277 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Fine Sediments on Growth of Juvenile
Coho Salmon In Laboratory Stream. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
M. R. Grouse, C. A. Callahan, K. W. Malueg, and S. E.
Domlnguez. 1981,8p EPA-600/J-81-398
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
110,p281-2861981.
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus klsutch) produc-
tion (tissue elaboration) was monitored in 12 laborato-
ry streams under six replicate treatment levels of fin*
sedimentation. Increasing sedimentation suppressed
fish production. The report data confirms that habitats
of salmonid juveniles, as well as spawning areas,
should be protected against fine sediments.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Salmon, 'Animal ecology,
'Water pollution, Growth, Substrates, Eggs, Survival,
Silts, Particle size, Monitoring, Reprints, Habitats, 'On-
corhynchus kisutch, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-126285 PC A02/MF AOl
Effect of Simulated Sulfurlc Acid Rain on Yield,
Growth, and Foliar Injury of Several Crops. Journal
article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Jeffrey J. Lee, Grady E. Neely, Shelton C. Perrigan,
and Louis C. Grothaus. 1 Oct 80,17p
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v21
n2 p171-185 1981. Also pub. as Oregon State Univ.,
Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment Station Technical
Paper No. 5544.
This study was designed to reveal patterns of re-
sponse of major United States crops to sulfuric acid
rain. Potted plants were grown in field chambers and
exposed to simulated sulfuric acid rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, or
4.0) or to a control rain (pH5.6). At harvest, the weights
of the marketable portion, total aboveground portion
and roots were determined for 28 crops. Of these,
marketable yield production was inhibited for 5 crops
(radish, beet, carrot, mustard greens, broccoli), stimu-
lated for 6 crops (tomato, green pepper, strawberry, al-
falfa, orchardgrass, timothy), and ambiguously affect-
ed \or 1 crop (potato). In addition, stem and leaf pro-
duction of sweet corn was stimulated. Visible injury of
tomatoes might have decreased their marketability.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Tolerances(Physiology).
'Farm crops, 'Air pollution, Yield, Weight(Mass), veg-
etable crops, Grasses, Damage, Corn plants, Plant tis-
sues, Exposure, Tables(Data), Simulation, Oregon,
Reprints, 'Acid precipitation.
PB82-126293 PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Benzene Depletion by Soil Microor-
ganisms. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda. MD.
James C. McFarlane, Amy Cross, Clyde Frank, and
Robert D. Rodgers. 1981,9p EPA-600/J-81-402
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p75-81 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Las Vegas, NV., Iowa Univ., Iowa City,
and Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls.
Gaseous benzene was rapidly depleted in exposure
chambers containing viable soils and plants. When
separate components of the system were analyzed, no
benzene was detected in soils, plants, or water. Soil
microorganisms were shown to be responsible for me-
tabolizing benzene, yielding CO2 as the main product
The rates were sufficiently rapid to suggest that this re-
action forms a major pathway for the elimination of
benzene from the environment.
Keywords: 'Benzene, 'Soil microbiology, Air pollution,
Microorganisms, Carbon dioxide, Plants(Botany),
Ground water, Metabolism, Chemical reactions, Reac-
tion kinetics, 'Air-earth interfaces.
PB82-126301 PC A02/MF A01
Transport and Fate of Organophosphate Insecti-
cides In a Laboratory Model Ecosystem. Journal
article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Jay D. Gile, and James W. Gillett. 5 Jan 81, 8p EPA-
600/J-81-399
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 29,
p616-621 May-Jun 81.
The disposition of 14C-labeled methylparathion, par-
athion, and p-nltrophenol applied as a foliar spray was
examined in the Terrestrial Microcosm Chamber
(TMC) and compared to a reference compound, diel-
drin. the impact of soil type (synthetic vs natural) and
1200 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tnrough the camber on methylparathion
a/ were evaluated. The TMC contained either
Dh« . etlc soil roedium or Willamette sandy loam soil
nroTi59rioultural crops, numerous invertebrates, and a
w« 9fay-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus). Dieldrin
accumulated to a lesser extent than any of the Gr-
ot "°P.n.osPnates in the synthetic soil. Concentrations
aann i VPwathton in the upper layer of Willamette
so«ryjoam soil were consistently lower than those ob-
alte 2 Wlth the synthetic medium. Increased airflows
iW-rl. roethylparathion distribution primarily through
rt eiHased export from the TMC. Although recovery of
oma was lower tnan with equivalent applications of
ti'»anoPhosphates, a significantly greater concentra-
o2"*as detected in the vole. Only dieldrin appeared to
«nect vole survival.
tnnu i Js: 'Organic phosphates, 'Insecticides, *lso-
gP|c labeling, Carbon 14, Nitrophenols, Soils, Dieldrin,
^noentration(Composition), Pesticides, Transport
K°p.er'|es, Standards, Reprints, 'Path of pollutants,
Metnyl parathion, Parathion.
^82-126319 PC A02/MF A01
anlustnal Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
ple Park, NC.
l *u!0/«d Balloon Sampling Systems for Monitor-
IPO Air Pollution. Journal article,
"wiver Research Inst., CO.
S"*8 A- Armstrong, Phillip A. Russell, Leslie E.
J-RIOO and Dennis C. Drehmel. 1981,12p EPA-600/
•o 1-383
wantEPA-R-804829
n» \J2 Jnl-of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n7P735-743Ju!81.
Tho „
• ""> Paper is an overview of recent studies in which
oata .k8' usually tethered, have been used to investi-
6o,7 Je structure and air quality of the planetary
Sjndary layer. It also describes a number of light-
toTin tethered balloon sampling systems, developed
DOM st!?ate Paniculate and gaseous emissions from
hau i? nonpoint sources. The sampling systems
at. otn vertical and horizontal mobility and sample
Of tP,80?l8d altitudes for extended periods of time. Two
an<5k balloon-borne samplers are remote controlled
jJ1> have been used to monitor emissions In the
VBi?88 of P°lnt sources. A third sampler has been de-
WnrP6 to investigate the vertical extent and down-
no transport or particle emissions from fugitive
purees. A fourth sampler, currently being developed,
10 also described.
jteywords: «Air pollution, 'Tethered balloons, Aerial
'~ys, Sampling, Particles, Remote sensing, Re-
, Air quality, Fugitive emissions.
£B«2-12B327 PC A02/MF A01
rorvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
ru!? Efects of Cadmium on the Garden Snail
asparsa'). Journal article,
"Orthrop Services. Inc., Corvallis, OR.
t K. Russell, J. I. DeHaven, and R. P. Botts. 1981, 9p
EPA-600/J-81-403
Contract EPA-68-03-2650
rub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
1 Zoology 26, p634-640 1 981 .
a£ieadin9 treated municipal wastes on agricultural
?jw forests lands is becoming an established method
^ disposal. However, there is concern about the dele-
?nous effects of toxicants, particularly cadmium, in
•w sludges. Cadmium concentrations in sewage
Jjuoge have been reported as high as 1500 ppm. The
"ork reported here Is part of a larger project to investi-
gate the ecological effects of municipal wastes on
.Tj»t lands. Snails, Helix aspersa, were chosen to ex-
rfnine the entrance of cadmium into terrestrial food
{^aws. This experiment was designed to determine
rwftnium accumulation, acute toxicity, and behavioral,
[^Productive and growth responses with increasing
'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Snails, Food
, Behavior, ReproductiortfBloTogy). Growth, Re-
s, Ecology, Reprints, Helix aspersa, 'Toxic
instances, Bioaccumulation.
PB82-126335 PC A02/MF A01
A Method for Comparing Multlcomponent, Multi-
media Pollution Abatement Processes. Journal ar-
ticle,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William D. Baasel, and Mark Greenberg. 1981, 8p
EPA-600/J-81-384
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
n7p758-763Ju!81.
The paper describes a comparison of the cost-effec-
tiveness of four multicomponent, multimedia pollution
abatement options: coal cleaning, limestone, lime-
stone plus adiplc acid, and coal cleaning plus lime-
stone plus adipic acid. The comparison makes cost-ef-
fectiveness evaluations of the options applied to SO2
and paniculate discharges from coal combustion. This
approach can be used to make similar comparisons for
a variety of other pollutants that are components of
complex process streams. It is not the intent to select
one process over another, but rather to illustrate how
the health benefits gained by each option may be
gauged relative to incurred costs. This can determine,
for example, whether money spent on removing 10%
more of pollutant X from a process stream could be
better spent on a process that removes 1 % more of
pollutant Y from the same source. To evaluate abate-
ment systems, the effect of each system on pollutants
of concern in the process stream must be compared.
Comparisons can be made if emissions standards for
chemical species (those for S02 and particulates, for
example) are available. However, since standards
have been established for only a few substances, sur-
rogate goals - derived from a methodology that trans-
lates toxicological data into acceptable levels for pol-
lutants in discharge streams - are used. Multimedia
Environmental Goals (MEG) methodology is an inte-
gral part of the EPA/IERL-RTP program and is used to
guide the development of abatement technology more
effectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal preparation,
'Scrubbers, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Adipic acid, De-
sulfurization, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Comparison, Cost analysis, Reprints, 'Air pollution
abatement, Limestone scrubbing.
PB82-127119 PC A02/MF A01
Development of Scaling Criteria for Terrestrial Mi-
crocosms. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Mostafa A. Shirazi. Oct 81,22p EPA-600/J-80-352
Pub. In ISEM Jnl., v2 n1-2 p97-1161980.
Theoretical developments based on heat and moisture
transfer in soil lead to dimensionless numbers that de-
scribe important processes taking place in a terrestrial
microcosm. These numbers provide preliminary scien-
tific criteria for scaling the results from microcosms
both as a means of comparing two generally similar
but non-identical systems as well as for better under-
standing the real world.
Keywords: 'Heat, 'Moisture. 'Soils, 'Scaling, Criteria,
Transferring, Reprints, 'Ecosystems.
PB82-127127 PC A15/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Carolina, Water
Year 1980. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30
SepSO.
Geological Survey, Columbia, SC. Water Resources
Div.
Jul 81,336p USGS/WRD/HD-81/066, USGS-WDR-
SC-80-1
See also report for 1979, PB80-227069. Prepared in
cooperation with the State of South Carolina.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
South Carolina consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells. This report contains discharge records for 74
gaging stations; stage-only records for 10 gaging sta-
tions; stage and contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 33 gaging stations; and water levels
for 45 observation wells. Also Included are 41 crest-
stage partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, Water
quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Row rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Temperature, Water
table, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrdogic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-127309 Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Particle Collection In Cyclones at High Tempera-
ture and High Pressure. Journal article,
A.P.T., Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. Parker, R. Jain, S. Calvert, D. Drehmel, and J.
Abbott. c1981,10pEPA-600/J-81-352
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
n4p451-458Apr81.
The paper gives results oi an experimental study of cy-
clone efficiency and pressure drop at temperatures up
to 700C and pressures up to 25 aim. The cyclone effi-
ciency was found to decrease at high temperature and
increase at high pressure for a constant inlet velocity.
Available theoretical models could not predict the ob-
served effects of high temperature and high pressure
on collection efficiency. Pressure-drop models predict
the effects of temperature and pressure fairly well. Col-
lection-efficiency data correlated well against Reyn-
olds number and the square root of Stokes' number.
This correlation accurately accounted for the effects of
both temperature and pressure. These data are for a
2-in. diameter cyclone at relatively low velocities (less
than 5 m/s). Data for a 6-in. cyclone of similar configu-
ration and operating at 635 C, 700 kPa, and 36 m/s
also agreed well with this correlation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dust collectors, 'Cy-
clone separators, High temperature tests, High pres-
sure tests, Particles, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Re-
prints.
PB82-127317 PC A02/MF A01
A Comprehensive Scheme for Multimedia Envi-
ronmental Assessment of Emerging Energy Tech-
nologies. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Frank Briden, James Dorsey, and Larry Johnson. Oct
81,22p EPA-600/J-81-353
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v9 p189-208 1981.
The paper discusses new requirements imposed by
the emergence of technologies (being developed to
meet world energy needs) on existing environmental
analytical capabilities. A three-phase, multimedia, en-
vironmental assessment scheme has been designed
and implemented which characterizes the chemical
and biological impact of process streams. Level 1 is a
screening phase which emphasizes completeness of
detection of elements, classes of organic materials,
and acute biological responses. Level 2 seeks to iden-
tify specific substances identified in Level 1 as poten-
tial environmental problems and confirm the biological
response. Level 3 is a quantitative study of the effect
of process variables on the emission rate of specific
substances indicated In Level 2. To demonstrate the
effectiveness of Level 1, the quantitative and semi-
quantitative organic results are derived from experi-
mental data. The Level 1 results are then compared
with the Level 2 technique of gas-chromatography/
mass-spectroscopy. For this data it was seen that
Level 1 is very efficient for the detection of pollutants
while broad enough to cover a complete source char-
acterization.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Assessments, Technology, Chemical analysis, Or-
ganic compounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Industrial wastes, Laboratory equipment, Re-
prints, Spark source mass spectroscopy.
PB82-127325 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Fenvalerate on Field- and Laboratory-
Developed Estuarlne Benthlc Communities. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, and J. M. Ivey. Nov 81,14p EPA-600/J-
81-113
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27, p256-267
1981.
Macrobenthlc animal communities developed in labo-
ratory and in field aquaria during 8 weeks were ex-
posed to various concentrations of the pyrethroid In-
secticide, fenvalerate. Laboratory communities, devel-
oped from planktonic larvae in unfiltered seawater,
were continuously exposed to the toxicant during colo-
nization. Field communities, developed in aquaria
December 1983 1201
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
placed in Santa Rosa Sound, FL, were exposed in the
laboratory to fenvalerate after colonization, for 1 week.
Abundance of amphipods in both laboratory and field
communities was significantly affected by 0.1 micro-
gram fenvalerate/l water (nominal concentration). The
iancelate, Branchipstoma caribaeum, also was very
sensitive to 0.1 micrograms/l in field communities; it
did not occur in laboratory communities. Numbers of
mollusks and annelids in contaminated aquaria were
not significantly reduced from control numbers by the
highest concentrations of fenvalerate tested, 1.1 mi-
crograms/l (measured) in field communities. Of an
overall total of 79 species of animals, only 15 ap-
peared in both laboratory and field studies.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, "Toxicity, 'Insecticides,
'Water pollution, Tests, Exposure, Dosage, Sea water,
Abundance, Tolerances(Physiology), Molluscs, Anne-
lida, Shrimps, Crustacea, Marine fishes, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, 'Fenvalerate, Water pol-
lution eftects( Animals), Benzene acetic acid/
cyano(phenoxyphenyl)methyl-chloro-(methylethyl).
PB82-127333 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Component Loss during Evaporatlon-Reconstltu-
tlon of Organic Environmental Samples for Gas
Chromatographlc Analysis. Journal article,
Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Dept. of Chemistry.
W. D. Bowers, M. L. Parsons, R. E. Clement, and F. W.
Karasek. C1981,12p EPA-600/J-81-474
Grant EPA-R-807028
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ., (Ontario).
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 207, p203-211 1981.
Standard and sample solutions stored in borosilicate
sample vials were allowed to evaporate to dryness at
room temperature. The solutions were analyzed by
gas chromatography-f lame ionization detection before
evaporation and after reconstitution to the original
volume to determine component losses due to evapo-
ration. The standard solutions were also stored in
sample vials which had been treated with a surface de-
activating agent, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chlo-
ride. The standard solution contained n-hydrocarbons,
l-alcohols, phthalates and polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons, the sample solution was benzene extract of
municipal incinerator fly-ash which contained over 200
components including n-hydrocarbons, phthalates, po-
lynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins. At the 95% confidence level, the
differences among mean losses observed with the 100
ng/microliters standard mixture were within random
variations between untreated and deactivated vials.
The random variations between mean losses of the 10
ng/microliters mixture were significantly higher with
the deactivated vials at the 99% confidence level.
Large losses were observed for early-eluting compo-
nents of the standard solutions and the benzene ex-
tract of incinerator fly ash. Losses for polychlorinated
benzo-p-dioxins and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons averaged ca. 10%. (Copyright (c) 1981 Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Gas Chromatography,
Evaporation, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Sam-
pling, Standards, Solid waste disposal, Incinerators,
Organic compounds, Fly ash, Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB82-127341 PC A02/MF A01
Background Hydrocarbon Residues In Fishes
from the Great Lakes and Eastern Montana. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. J. Welch, D. W. Kuehl, E. N. Leonard, G. D. Veith,
and N. D. Schoenthal. Oct 81, 5p EPA/600-J-81 -346
Pub. in Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 26, p724-728
1981.
For the past eight years, this laboratory has been con-
ducting GC/MS exploration studies of organic chemi-
cal residues in fishes from major U.S. watersheds. One
of the frequently occurring classes of chemicals isolat-
ed by multi-class analytical techniques, such as gel
permeation Chromatography, is n-alkanes. Odd-num-
bered alkanes with 13-19 carbon atoms are often the
most abundant, and are predominanted by n-heptade-
cane. The presence of these compounds seem to indi-
cate normal biosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems
(MCINNES et al. 1980), whereas their absence or the
presence of other hydrocarbon mixtures which ob-
scure the natural hydrocarbons may be indicative of an
adverse impact on the ecosystem (VEITH et al. 1979).
This study presents quantitative data for background
levels of these compounds in fishes from selected
eastern Montana watersheds. Sampling sites were
chosen to represent watersheds having coal extrac-
tion and conversion activities and those that do not. In
comparison, data is also presented for Great Lakes
fish.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Hydrocarbons, Residues, Great
Lakes, Montana, Organic compounds, Sampling, Wa-
tersheds, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-127358 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, A. E. Lemke, Q. H. Pickering,, T. H.
Roush, and R. C. Russo. Oct 81,49p EPA-600/J-81 -
347
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Fed., v53 n6
P1028-10761981.
A review of the 1981 world literature was conducted on
the effects of pollution on freshwater fish. This review
contained 376 references and included papers on
water quality such as dissolved gases and pH; chemi-
cal pollutants such as insecticides, herbicides, pisci-
cides and anesthetics; inorganics, organics and indus-
trial and municipal effluents including chlorine and
wastewater and pulp and paper. Papers from reviews
and symposia and those dealing with physical factors
were also included. Within the above sections, papers
were organized into general articles, surveys, toxicol-
ogy, bioaccumulation, physiology and behavior.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Fishes, Pesticides,
Insecticides, Reviews, Water quality, Gases, pH, Ef-
fluents, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Literature surveys, Bioaccumulation.
PB82-127366 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Foam Prevention In Purge and Trap Analysis,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mitchell D. Erickson. Martin K. Alsup, and Patricia A.
Hyldburg. Oct 81, 7p EPA-600/J-81 -380
Contract EPA-68-03-2749
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v53 n8 p1265-1269 Jul
81.
Volatile organics are often separated from water sam-
ples by bubbling an inert gas through the water and
collecting the organics on a sorbent trap, a technique
known as purge and trap. Unfortunately, during the
analysis of many water samples, foam can climb
through the apparatus and contaminate the trap. This
research project has investigated both chemical and
mechanical antifoaming techniques. A total of 27 po-
tential chemical antifoaming agents were evaluated for
their ability to control foam. Two silicone-based com-
mercial antifoam emulsions, Dow Corning Antifoam C
and General Electric AF-72, were rated superior over-
all. The final protocol specifies use of 2 drops of puri-
fied silicone antifoam emulsion (General Electric AF-
72) in a 5.0-mL sample which is purged in a 60-mL
purge flask. The procedure was validated with seven
volatile compounds (29-159 ng) spiked into four
wastewaters. Mean recovery (vs. purge of distilled
water) was 97%.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Foam, Antifoaming
agents, Laboratory equipment, Revisions, Sampling,
Organic compounds, Water pollution, Chemical analy-
sis, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB82-127382 PC A02/MF A01
Rat Bladder Cell-Mediated Mutagenesls of Chi-
nese Hamster V79 Cells and Metabolism of
Benzo(a)Pyrene. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert Langenbach, Linda Malick, and Stephen
Nesnow. Sep 81,7p EPA-600/J-80-101
Pub. in Jnl. of National Cancer Inst. v66 n5 p913-917
1981.
Primary rat bladder epithelial cells were coculivated
with Chinese hamster V79 cells in the presence of car-
cinogens, and the induction of 6-thioguanine resist-
ance in the V79 cells was used as a marker of cell-me-
diated mutagenesis. The carcinogens dimethylnitrosa-
mine, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and
benzo(a)pyrene (BP) were mutagenic to V79 cells in
the presence of bladder cells but not in their absence.
Analysis of BP metabolites formed by bladder cells in-
dicated that 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene,
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinone, and "-
hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene were the major organic-solu-
ble metabolites formed. Glucuronide and sulfate con-
jugates of BP metabolites were also produced by blad-
der cells. Mutagenesis data from the rat bladder
system and previous data from rat liver and lung cell-
mediated mutagenesis systems indicate that the cell-
mediated mutagenesis approach may provide a useful
approach for studying the organotropic effect of chem-
ical carcinogens. Furthermore the finding that rat blad-
der epithelium can metabolize some carcinogens
offers new possibilities for the mechanism of initiation
of bladder cancer.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, Rats,
Ceils(Biology), Metabolism, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Hamsters, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis, 'Benzo-
pyrenes.
PB82-127390 PC A02/MF A01
Fluorescence Depolarization Studies of Red Cell
Membrane Fluidity. The Effect of Exposure to 1.0-
GHZ Microwave Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
John W. Allis, and Barbara L. Sinha. Sep 81,12p EPA-
600/J-80-137
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 2, p13-22 1981.
The internal viscosity of human red blood cell mem-
branes was investigated during exposure to continu-
ous wave 1.0-GHz microwave radiation using fluores-
cence measurements of a lipid seeking molecular
probe, diphenylhexatriene. Samples were exposed in a
Crawford cell arranged so that fluorescence was
measured during microwave exposure; specific ab-
sorption rates calculated from electrical measure-
ments were approximately 0.6, 2 and 15W/kg. Meas-
urements were obtained at selected temperatures be-
tween 15C and 40C and as a function of the duration
of exposure at 23C. Arrhenius-type plots of the tem-
perature profile data were linear and showed no differ-
ence between exposed and control samples. The ex-
posure duration data also showed no difference be-
tween exposed and control samples except for a small
effect of elevated temperature at the highest expo-
sure. The activation energy for motion of the fluores-
cent probe in its environment within the membrane
lipid was not affected by the application of the micro-
wave energy and no evidence for a lipid phase transi-
tion was found. These results indicate that the in-
creased cation efflux from red cells, observed by
others at certain transition temperatures during micro-
wave exposure, was more likely to have been caused
by alteration of the membrane bound protein than by
changes in the lipid constituents of the red cell mem-
brane.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Fluores-
cence, 'Blood cells, Erythrocytes, Exposure,
Membranes(Biology), Viscosity, Reprints.
PB82-127408 PC A02/MF A01
Carcinogenic Activity Associated with Acphaltlc
and Coal Tar Coatings Used In Potable Water
Mains. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Bull, M. Robinson, D. Cmehil, and F. Kopfler. Aug
81,3pEPA-600/J-81-315
Pub. In Pharmacologist 23, p3351981.
Carcinogenic response was assessed with 0.2 ml of 4
asphaltic and 3 coal tar based paints applied topically
in acetone to the shaved back of female SENCAH
mice. Two weeks later a promotion schedule Involving
application of 1 microgram of TPA in acetine 3 x
weekly to the back was instituted. Results after 1*
weeks showed significantly increased numbers of pa-
pillomas with all products. In general coal tar product8
gave rise to 20 to 80 times the tumor response ob-
served with asphaltic based products.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Coal tar, 'Toxicology.
•Asphalts, Activity, Coatings, Paints, Mice, Malignant
1202 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neoplasms, Reprints, Carcinogenesis, 'Drinking water,
Toxic substances, Cancer.
PB82-127416 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Some Determinants of Intestinal Cadmium Trans-
port In the Rat. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
E. C. Foulkes. 1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-333
Grant EPA-R-805840
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 3, p471-481 1980.
The hypothesis was tested that Cd absorption from the
intestinal lumen is mediated by cellular transport sys-
tems. Cd is readily extracted from glucose-saline
during perfusion of |ejunal segments in the living rat.
Over periods as long as 40 minutes, essentially all ex-
tracted Cd is recovered in the wall of the intestine. Cd
uptake by the tissue obeys saturation kinetics with Km
values of the order of 0.1 mM, and Vmax approximate-
ly 0.01 umol/g/min. Although washing after exposure
to 109Cd removes only little radioactivity from the
tissue, it reverses at least partly the saturating effects
of higher Cd concentrations. Unidirectional flux of Cd
into the tissue is inhibited by 10 mM Ca; no effect on
backflux of Cd is seen. In contrast, Zn and EDTA both
accelerate washout of Cd. The Ca content of skimmed
milk fully accounts for the depressing effect of dried
milk on Cd uptake. These results point to the presence
in mucosal cell membranes of a saturable process re-
sponsible for Cd uptake and sensitive to inhibition by
certain solutes in the lumen.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Absorption, 'Intestines,
Cells(Biology), Rats, Tissues(Biology), Physiology, Re-
prints, Uptake, Bioaccumulation.
PB82-127424 PC A02/MF A01
Removal of SO2 from Industrial Waste Gases.
Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Norman Kaplan, and Michael A. Maxwell. Oct 81,11 p
EPA-600/J-77-182
Pub. In Chemical Engineering, Deskbook Issue, p127-
135,170ct77.
The paper discusses technology for sulfur dioxide
JSO2) pollution control by flue gas cleaning (called
scrubbing') in the utility industry, a technology that has
advanced significantly during the past 5 years. Federal
Regulations are resulting in increasingly large-scale
applications for control of coal-fired boilers. With much
less fanfare, control of S02 in industrial process waste
gases has been in use for some time in various indus-
tries. At first most applications were motivated by eco-
nomic or aesthetic reasons; later, more by various pol-
lution control regulations. Although the utility industry
Is responsible for most of the SO2 emissions, emis-
sions from other industrial sources may have a greater
effect, percentagewise, on ambient S02 concentra-
tions in populated areas. This is due mainly to height of
the point of release of the waste gas (stack height),
generally higher for utility systems (point sources) than
for SO2 sources (area sources). With respect to com-
bustion of sulfur-bearing fuels, accounting for more
than 75% of the SO2 emissions, three basic control
approaches can be taken: burn low-sulfur fuel, treat
the fuel to reduce Its sulfur content, and treat the
waste gas to remove SO2. This paper concentrates on
the third approach; treating waste gas to remove SO2.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Technology, Flue gases, Particles, Refineries, Smelt-
ers, Electnc power plants.
PB82-127432 PC A02/MF A01
oopamlne Depletion Slows Retinal Transmission.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert S. Dyer, William E. Howell, and Robert C.
MacPhail. Sep 81,17p EPA-600/J-80-014
Pub. in Experimental Neurology 71, p326-340 1981.
In male hooded rats, depletion of norepinephrine and
dopamine by a-methyl-paratyrosine (AMT) significantly
increased the latencies of early peaks in flash-evoked
Potentials recorded from the visual cortex, lateral ge-
ntculate nucleus, and optic tract. These effects were
not produced by depletion of norepinephrine by FLA-
63, blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by
scopolamine, or blockade of opiate receptors by na-
loxone. AMT effects occurred only when flashes were
used; optic tract stimulation failed to reveal the drug-in-
duced changes. In a dose-response study, haloperidol
produced effects similar to those of AMT. L-Dopa +
R04-4602 reversed some of the effects of AMT. It is
concluded that depletion of retinal dopamine impairs
the timing of retinal responses to light.
Keywords: 'Norepinephrine, 'Eye(Anatomy), 'Retina,
Depletion, Reprints, 'Dopamine.
PB82-127440 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Water Pollutants and Other Chemicals
on Fish Acetylchollnesterase (In vitro). Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. L. Olson, and G. M. Christensen. 10 Apr 79,11 p
EPA-600/J-80-340
Pub. in Environmental Research 21, p327-335 1980.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) preparations from the
muscle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas
Rafinesque) were treated (in vitro) with 74 chemicals
of various classes, many of which are environmental
contaminants, to determine their effect upon enzyme
activity. A highly inhibitory effect was found with sever-
al carbamates, one organo-oxy-phosphate, the arsen-
ite ion, and certain heavy metal cations. Intermediate
inhibition was found with the arsenate ion, other metal
cations, organometals, certain neuroactive agents, or-
ganophosphates, and one organochloride pesticide.
Several organochloride pesticides, alkaline and alka-
line-earth cations, a variety of anions, several drugs,
and other chemicals had little inhibitory effect at the
highest concentration used (0.01 M). The effect of
chemicals in mixtures of known composition was ap-
proximately additive. None of the chemicals tested
caused detectable enzyme activation.
Keywords: 'Acetylcholinesterase, Water pollution,
Fishes, Contaminants, Inhibitors, Enzymes, Reprints,
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB82-1274S7 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab.
Effect of Chlorine and Monochloramlne In Drink-
Ing Water on the Developing Rat Fetus. Journal ar-
ticle,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman, Mark R. Berardi, and
Richard J. Bull. Aug 81,3p EPA-600/J-81-313
Pub. in Pharmacologist 23, p5301981.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of
chlorine and monochloramine on rat fetuses. The per-
centage of total defects (skeletal and soft-tissue) was
increased significantly over control in the 100 mg/L
HOC! group; however, monochloramine did not
produce any significant changes in rat fetuses at any
dose level.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Chlorine, 'Toxicology,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Dosage,
Bioassay, Reprints, Fetuses, Drinking water, 'Toxic
substances, 'Chloramine.
PB82-127465 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuels: Adapting to Un-
certainty. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Kan Chen, Richard C. Winter, and Michael K.
Bergman. Sep 81,15p EPA-600/J-80/325
Pub. in Energy Policy, p318-330 Dec 80.
The paper discusses the general effect and control of
CO2. The world is likely to experience noticeable
global warming by the beginning of the next century if
high annual growth rates of fossil fuel energy use con-
tinue. Only with optimistic assumptions and low growth
rates will CO2-induced temperature increases be held
below 2 degrees C or so over the next century. Con-
servation, flexible energy choices, and control options
could lessen the potential effects of CO2. Though per-
haps impractical from the standpoint of costs and effe-
ciency losses, large coastal centralized facilities would
be the most amenable to CO2 control and disposal.
Yet no country can control CO2 levels unilaterally. The
U.S., however, which currently contributes over 25%
of all fossil fuel CO2 emissions and possesses 25% of
the world's coal resources, could assume a much
needed role in leadership, research, and education.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Carbon dioxide,
Fossil fuels, Industrial fuels, Combustion products,
Temperature, Reprints.
PB82-127473 PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Changes In Humans Upon Exposure
to Nitrogen Dioxide While at Rest. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Suzanne Chaney, Wendy Blomquist, Paulett DeWitt,
and Keith Muller. Sep 81, 7p EPA-600/J-80-108
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v36 n2 p53-
581981.
The biochemical response to controlled exposures of
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied in 19 human sub-
jects exposed to 0.2 ppm N02 for 2 hr and compared
to 15 control subjects exposed to filtered air for 2 hr.
Seven biochemical blood parameters, including gluta-
thione, red blood cell glutathione reductase, 2,3-di-
phosphoglycerate, methemoglobin, vitamine E, com-
plement C3, and IgA were measured prior to exposure,
immediately after exposure, and 22 hr following expo-
sure. The only variable that showed significant change
due to N02 exposure was glutathione. Glutathione is
known to protect the erythrocyte from oxidative stress.
The increase in glutathione observed upon exposure
to NO2 may be a protective reaction of the erythrocyte
to meet the oxidative stress.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, Humans, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Responses, Air pollution, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB82-127481 PC A02/MF A01
Complement Receptor Positive Spleen Cells In
Microwave (2450-MHzHrradlated Mice. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
R. J. Smialowicz, P. L. Brugnolotti, and M. M. Riddle.
Sep 81,7p EPA-600/J-80-166
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power 16(1) p74-771981.
Male CBA/J mice were exposed under far-field condi-
tions in a temperature and humidity controlled environ-
ment to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Mice were ex-
posed once for 30 minutes at a power density of 15,
20, 30, or 40 mW/sq. me. The whole-body-averaged
dose rate was approximately 0.7 mW/g per mW/sq.
cm. Six days after irradiation, the percentage of com-
plement-receptor-positive (CR+) spleen cells was de-
termined. No difference was observed in the percent-
age of CR+ spleen cells of young adult (10-12 week-
old) mice exposed at any of the power densities as
compared with sham-irradiated controls. However, a
significant (P<.05) increase was observed in the per-
centage of CR + cells from 16-week old mice exposed
at 40 mW/sq. cm. This increase in CR+ cells was ac-
companied by a significant (P<.05) decrease in the
number of nucleated cells in the spleens of these
mice. This change in CR+ and nucleated spleen cells
was not consistently produced. The available data indi-
cate that the age and strain of the mouse, the micro-
wave exposure characteristics, and the environmental
conditions may all be sources of variation that affect
the CR+ end point.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Dose
rate, Mice, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Spleen,
Cells(Biology), Reprints.
PB82-127499 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Technology: Pattern Recognition of Be-
havioral Events In the Nonhuman Primate. Journal
article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
W. J. Kernan, Jr., W. J. Higby, D. L. Hopper, W.
Cunningham, and W. E. Lloyd. 1980,14p EPA-600/J-
80-054
Contract EPA-68-02-2288
Pub. in Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumen-
tation, v12 n5 p524-5341980.
December 1983 1203
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Techniques used In computer graphics and pattern
analysis have been applied to the tasks of observing,
classifying, and recording spontaneous behavioral ac-
tivities In the captive primate. The goal in designing this
system was to provide a computer-based pattern rec-
ognition system capable of identifying normal activity
patterns of the primate Macaca fascicularls. If suc-
cessful, this system can be used to detect alterations
in these patterns under conditions of toxicologic and
pharmacologic insult. In this article, the development
of the system, which is called PROBE (pattern recogni-
tion of behavioral events), is discussed. Throughout
this project, the purpose was to solve a unique applica-
tion problem. Existing pattern recognition methods
consistent with the adequate solution of the problem,
were applied.
Keywords: 'Primates, 'Pattern recognition, 'Animal
behavior, Computers, Reprints, Macaca fascicularis.
PB82-127507 PC A02/MF A01
Chlordlmeform Effects on Schedule-Controlled
Behavior In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert C. MacPhail, and J. David Leander. Sep 81,
11DEPA-600/J-80-247
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology v3,
p19-26 1981.
Chlordimeform (CDMF) is a member of a relatively new
class of insecticide/acaricide, the formamidlnes,
which has rather unique effects. Unlike the widely used
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, CDMF
does not appear to inhibit cholinesterases, and intoxi-
cation is not accompanied by signs of cholinergic over-
stimulation. On the contrary, the available evidence
suggests that one of the many actions of CDMF may
be on monoamine-containing neurons in the central
nervous system. CDMF in rats has been shown in vitro
to inhibit hepatic monoamine oxidase and in vivo to in-
crease whole-brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-
HT) and norepinephrine. In addition, some behavioral
effects seen after large dosages have been reported
to resemble those obtained after administration of
agents which effect neuronal release of 5-hydroxytryp-
tamine, either p-chloroamphetamine alone or 1-trypto-
phan in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibi-
tor.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Behavior, 'Toxicology, Rats,
Dosage, Insecticides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Chlordimeform, Form-
amidine/N-(chloro-tolyl)-N-N-dimethyl.
PB82-127515 PC A02/MF A01
Tri-tube Freeze-core Procedure for Sampling
Stream Qravels. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Frederick B. Lotspeich, and Barry H. Reid. Oct 81, 5p
EPA-600/J-80-344
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, 42(2) p96-99 Apr
80.
This paper presents a description of equipment and
methods for sampling streambed gravels by using a
three-tube array of cryogenic samplers and compares
the tri-tube freeze-core sampler with single-tube
freeze-core samplers.
Keywords: 'Gravel, 'Streams, 'Samplers, Salmon,
Substrates, Sediments, Freezing, Comparison, 'Tri-
tube freeze core sampler.
PB82-127523 PC A02/MF A01
Fate of Selected Herbicides In a Terrestrial Labo-
ratory Microcosm. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Jay D. Qile, James C. Collins, and James W. Gillett.
Oct 81, 7p EPA-600/J-80-346
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v14(9)
p1124-1128Sep80.
The transport and metabolism of 14C-labeled herbi-
cides (slmazlne, bromacil, trifluralin, and 2,4,5-T) ap-
plied as a foliar spray (0.28 kg/ha) was examined In a
terrestrial microcosm chamber (TMC). These chemi-
cals were compared to a reference compound, the In-
secticide dieldrln. The TMC contained a synthetic soil
medium, Douglas fir and red alder seedlings, rye grass,
numerous Invertebrates, and a gravid gray-tailed vole
(Mlcrotus canlcaudus). By 20 days postveatment, total
soil residues (parent and metabolites and bound resi-
dues) averaged 0.14 ppm for all chemicals. Except for
dieldrin little extractable parent material was detected
for any of the chemicals in the soil. Concentrations of
14C material in the rye grass shoots ranged from an
average of 2.5 ppm for 2,4,5-T to 16.8 ppm for sima-
zine. 2,4,5-T and trifluralin were more rapidly degraded
than the other chemicals with 2,4,5-T present primarily
as extractable metabolites. 14C materials of dieldrin
was accumulated to a much greater extent than any of
the herbicides in the invertebrates. While concentra-
tions of all chemicals in the vole were low, 14C materi-
al from dieldrin and simazine was present at levels ap-
proximately twice those of the other chemicals. None
of the chemicals could be detected in the ground
water.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Metabolism,
Transport, Laboratory animals, Biological transport,
•Pesticide residues, 'Bioaccumulation.
PB82-127531 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Accuracy and Precision of Matching Inspired
Lung Volume. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst. of Environmental
Stress.
Jeffrey A. Gliner, Lawrence J. Folinsbee, and Steven
M. Horvath. Sep 81,6p EPA-600/J-31-333
Grant EPA-R-804853
Pub. in Perception and Psychophysics 29, n5 p511-
5151981.
Three questions were asked: How accurately can lung
volumes be reproduced. Do the underlying sensory
continue of inspired lung volume subscribe to Weber's
law. Are planned inspirations more accurately repro-
duced than constrained inspirations. The ability to
match inspired lung volume was Investigated utilizing
the psychophysical method of average error. Fourteen
subjects participated in two different conditions in
order to answer these questions. The results indicated
that inspired lung volumes were reproduced much
more accurately than had been previously reported.
The sensitivity of change for planned inspirations was
identical to that of constrained inspirations (k-,018).
However, the absolute threshold was significantly
greater for the constrained group. The underlying sen-
sory continue subscribed to a generalized version of
Weber's law. These results are discussed within the
context of our present knowledge of receptor informa-
tion of movement.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Respiration, Accuracy, Precision,
Sensitivity, Humans, Breathing apparatus, Respiratory
system, Reprints, 'Webers Law.
PB82-127549 PC A02/MF A01
Methyl Parathlon Persistence In Soil Following
Simulated Spillage. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
L. C. Butler, D. C. Staiff, and J. E. Davis. 30 May 80,
10p EPA-600/J-81-337
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 10, p451-458 1981.
Simulated spillage of emulsifiable concentrate (E.C)
and microencapsulated formulations of methyl parath-
ion on soil were studied. Persistence of residues from
both formulations spilled as concentrates and as simu-
lated drum rinses were followed for up to 45 months.
Spillage of encapsulated formulation resulted in the
formulation of a solid cake-like deposit on the soil sur-
face, which could be a particularly attractive hazard to
small children. At 45 months, soil residues had de-
creased by 64% for emulsifiable concentrate spills,
and 68% for the soil beneath the microencapsulated
cake. Residue in the cake itself only decreased by
31 %. Soil residue levels from simulated drums rinses
were essentially innocuous by 45 months for the emu-
slflable concentrate and by one year for the microen-
capsulated material. The leaching of methyl parathlon
from the microencapsulated cake into soil and the re-
lationship between available residue and wet weather
were Investigated.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Pesticides, Residues, En-
capsulation, Insecticides,
ConcentrationJCompositJon), Phosphorus
compounds. Sampling, Reprints, 'Methyl
Chemical spills.
PB82-127556 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Genetic Baals for Using Tradescantla' Clone 4430
as an Environmental Monitor of Mutagens. Journal
article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
M. Emmerling-Thompson, and M. M. Nawrocky. Oct
81,7p EPA-600/J-80-334
Pub. in Jnl. of Heredity 71, p261 -265 1980.
The Tradescantia stamen hair system developed by
the late Dr. Arnold H. Sparrow has been used in a wide
variety of radiobiological studies, and more recently as
an environmental monitor for assessing the potential
genetic hazards of various gasesous chemicals of
both industrial and natural origin. The use of this
system as a genetic monitor necessitates a thorough
genetic analysis of the marker employed to measure
mutagenicity. The phenotypic change in color from
blue To pink in either petal or stamen hair cells has
been used as a genetic marker under the assumption
that the petal and stamen hair cells are heterozygous
for blue, and if the dominant allele for blue color mu-
tates or is lost, the recessive allele determines that the
daughter cells will be pink. It is the purpose of this
communication to present the results of genetic test by
conventional breeding methods involving the pink
locus in Tradescantia clone 4430, the diploid clone
used exclusively in the Mobile Monitoring Vehicle at
Brookhaven National Laboratory. Confirmation of a ge-
netic, as opposed to a physiological, origin of the pink
color in the petal and stamen hair cells of Tradescantia
clone 4430 is essential to evaluating the validity of this
test system.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Mutagens, Genetics, Assess-
ments, Hazards, Plants(Botany), Reprints, Mutagene-
sis, 'Tradescantia Clone 4430.
PB82-127564 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Inhibition of Benzo(a)Pyrene-lnduced Transfor-
mation of C3H/10T1/2 Cells by AUyllsopropylace-
tamlde and Isopropylvaleramlde. Journal article,
Nebraska Univ. Medical Center, Omaha.
Charles Kuszynski, Arpad Somogyl, Stephen Nesnow,
and Robert Langenbach. 1981,7p EPA/600/J-80-107
Pub. in Cancer Research 41, p1893-1897 May 81.
Allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) and isopropylvaleramide
(IVA) have been demonstrated previously to protect in
vivo against the acute toxicity and adrenal necrotic
effect of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. In the
present study, the influence of these two amides on
the In vitro transforming ability of two potent carcino-
gens, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and 7, 12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, on C3H10T1/2 cells was
investigated. Both AIA and IVA showed a dose-de-
pendent inhibition of B(a)P-induced transformation of
C3H10T112 cells when added simultaneously for 24 hr
with the carcinogen. While pretreatment, simultaneous
treatment, and posttreatment of the cells with AIA or
IVA inhibited transformation, the 24-hr post-treatment
was somewhat more effective. The protective effect
did not appear to result from alterations in B(a)P me-
tabolism inasmuch as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
activity and the metabolic products of B(a)P detected
by high-pressure liquid chromatography were not
changed by AIA or IVA treatment. Furthermore, AIA
and IVA did not selectively kill chemically transformed
C3H10T112 cells, as indicated by the absence of their
effect on an established, chemically transformed cell
line. AIA and IVA also inhibited 7, l2-dimethylbenz(a)-
anthracene-induced transformation of C3H10T1/2
cells. These data suggest that AIA and IVA may be
useful protective agents and that they presumably
exert their protective effect at some stage between the
activation of the carcinogen and the expression of the
transformed phenotype.
Keywords: Carcinogens, Drugs, In vivo analysis, Inhibi-
tors, Nitrogen organic compounds, Cells(Biology), Re-
prints, 'Benzopyrenes, 'Acetamlde/allyl-isopropyl-
•Valeramide/isopropyl.
PB82-127572 PC A02/MF AOl
Effects of Certain Cadmium Species on Pure ana
Utter Populations of Microorganisms. Journal arti-
cle,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Bruce Llghthart. 22 Aug 79,9p EPA-600/ J-80-348
1204 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. In Antonle van Leeuwenhoek 46, p161-167 1980.
Cadmium inhibition of microorganisms was found to be
bacterial and chemical species dependent. Escherl-
chla coll Inhibition was a function of the cadmium Ion
concentration Irregardless of the presence of citrate, a
chelator for cadmium that It could not metabolize.
Whereas with a Pseudomonas sp. able to metabolize
citrate, cadmium Inhibition was a function of both the
cadmium ion and the presence of citrate. With no cit-
rate, Inhibition of this organism occurred only at rela-
tively high cadmium Ion concentrations; when citrate
was added to the same cadmium-containing growth
medium Inhibition was observed at a 1000 times lower
cadmium Ion concentration. This observation Is con-
trary to the classical understanding where a chelate re-
duces the toxic form of a metar allowing increased
growth of the organism. The species of cadmium also
differentially Inhibited the Douglas fir litter respiration
and nitrogen fixing community activities.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Microorganisms, 'Inhibitors,
Bacteria, Metals, Escherlchia coli,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Pseudomonas, Culture
media, Citrates, Reprints.
PB82-127580 PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Effect of Pretreatment with Pheno-
barbftal, Aroclor 1254, and beta-Naphthoflavone
on the Metabolism of Llndane. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Robert W.ChadwIck, M. Frank Copeland, M. Leonard
Mole, Stephen Nesnow, and Nathaniel Cooke. 20 Jan
81,19p EPA-600/J-80-186
Pub. In Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 15,
P120-1361981.
An attempt was made to distinguish different patterns
of microsomal enzyme induction by phenobarbltal,
beta-naphthoflavone, and Aroclor 1254 on the bio-
transformation and excretion of the organochlorine in-
secticide llndane. Treated groups of six weanling
female Sprague-Dawley rats, individually housed in
metabolism cages, received diets containing either
600 ppm Aroclor 1254,356 ppm phenobarbltal, or 418
Ppm beta-naphthoflavone. After 1 week all animals,
except one group of controls, were dosed p.o. with
1.89 mg llndane (containing 1.63 mu CI(U-(14)C) lln-
dane). Twenty four hours later the rats were sacrificed
and urine, feces, expired air, and tissue samples were
taken for analysis of radioactivity. Hepatic cytochrome
P-450 content, microsomal phosphollpld content, and
the enzyme activity involved in the dehydrogenatlon of
llndane, the dechlorination of llndane, and the hydroxy-
'atlon of the Intermediate hexachlorocyclohexene
'"ere determined In vitro. Moreover, the effect of pre-
treatment on the excretion of radioactivity and the dis-
tribution of eight llndane metabolites was examined.
even though the rate of lindane metabolism was un-
changed by the beta-naphthoflavone pro-treatment,
results of the study indicated that all three pre-treat-
menta significantly altered llndane metabolism. The
Pre-treatments differed from one another In that they
•electlvely altered specific metabolic pathways.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Drugs, Phenobarbltal, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Metabolism, Insecticides,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Lindane, Naphth-
opyrane/phenyl, Aroclor 1254.
PB82-127588 PC A02/MF A01
Away of Chicken Brain Neurotoxlc Ecterase Ac-
tivity Using Leptophosoxon aa the Selective Neu-
rotoxic Inhibitor. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
falah A. Soliman, and August Curiey. 6 Jun 81, 6p
EPA-600/J-81-235
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v5 p183-186 Jul/
Aug81.
Hen brain microsomal preparation has phenyl valera-
'ehydroryzlng activity associated with neurotoxic ester-
ase activity. Part of that activity Is due to paraoxon-in-
fensrUve esterases and a sub-part of this is sensitive
Jo neurotoxic organophosphates, i.e., mipafox and lep-
tophosoxon. This neurotoxic agent sensitive esterase
Activity Is referred to as neurotic esterase (NTE). Be-
cause of the commercial unavailability and high toxicKy
of mipafox, which is usually used aa the selective inhib-
itor for assaying NTE, leptophosoxon was used as an
alternative to mipafox. Results indicated that the NTE
"action of hen brain microsomal PV-hydrofyzing activi-
ty Is the same target for either mipafox or leptopho-
soxon. The Inhibitory effect of leptophosoxon against
that fraction was much higher than that of mipafox.
The availability of leptophos/leptophosoxon makes
this assay very useful for screening organophosphorus
esters for neurotoxic effects.
Keywords: 'Esterases, 'Toxicology, 'Brain, 'Inhibi-
tors, Chickens, Bloassay, Reprints, Neurotoxlns.
PB82-127606 PC A02/MF A01
Avoidance Reaponaea of Salmon and Trout to
Air-Supersaturated Water. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Donald Q. Stevens, Alan V. Nebeker, and Rocky J.
Baker. 1980,6p EPA-600/J-80-353
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
109, P751-754 1980.
Coho (Oncorhynchus klsutch), sockeye (0. nerka),
and Chinook (O. tschawytscha) salmon smolts, and
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) avoided air-supersatur-
ated water when tested in a shallow round tank. Steel-
heads (S. gairdneri) did not consistently avoid the su-
persaturated water and died from gas bubble disease.
The salmon and rainbow trout generally avoided 145
and 125% saturation but did not always avoid 115%.
Territorial activity reduced avoidance by steelheads
and rainbow trout.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen, 'Avoidance response, 'Marine
fishes, Stress(Physiology), Salmon, Trout, Exposure,
Mortality, Supersaturatlon, Reprints, Gas bubble dis-
eases, Oncorhynchus, Salmo gairdneri.
PB82-127697
PC A03/MF A01
Refuse Management In Developing Nations,
Environmentar Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
John Thompson. Aug 81,29p
This publication is directed toward planning and orga-
nizing the collection and disposal of refuseln develop-
ing nations. The report describes various methods of
collection such as bulk bins and household refuse,
types of equipment used and the costs for each type.
Other pertinent Information on life cycle costing, main-
tenance needs, contract collection, transfer stations,
incineration and composting Is also presented.
Keywords: 'Refuse disposal, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Developing countries, Composts, Equipment, Cost
analysis, Maintenance, Sanitary landfills. Incineration.
PB82-127713 PC A89/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Montane, Water Year
1980. Volume 1: Hudson Bay Basin, Missouri River
Basin. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Dot 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Helena, MT. Water Resources Div.
Jul 81.667p USGS/WRD/HD-81/087, USGS-WDR-
MT-80-1
See also Volume 2, PB82-127721, and Volume 1 for
1979, PB81-144073. Prepared in cooperation with the
State of Montana.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Mon-
tana consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels In wells. Volume
1 of this report contains discharge records for 176
gaging stations; stage only records for 1 lake station;
stage/contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs; water qual-
ity for 118 stations; water levels for 9 observation
wells. Also included are 141 crest-stage partial-record
stations and 23 smaller reservoirs.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Mon-
tana, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Tem-
perature, Water table, Hudson Bay Basin, Missouri
River Basin, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologlc data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-127853 PC A02/MF A01
Stress Ethylene Production - A Measure of Plant
Response to Stress. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
David T. Tingey. 1980,21 p EPA-600/J-80-354
Pub. in HortSclence, v15(5), D630-633 Oct 80.
Contents: Introduction to the symposium; Environmen-
tal data acquisition; Plant organ chambers in plant
physiology field research; Interpreting the metabolic
responses of plants to water stress; Stress ethylene
production.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Plants(Botany), Metabolism,
Data collection, Plant physiology, Stress(Physlology),
Water, Ethylene, Responses.
PB82-127879 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Trls(dlcnloropropyl)phoshate, a Mutagenlc Flame
Retardant: Frequent Occurrence In Human Semi-
nal Plasma. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Thomas Hudec, James Thean, Douglas Kuehl, ana
Ralph C. Dougherty. 18 Nov 80,6p EPA-800/J-81 -341
Pub. In Science, v211 p951-952,27 Feb 81.
Negative-chemical-ionization mass spectral screening
of extracts of human seminal plasma has revealed a
presence of a CI7 ion cluster at a mass-to-charge ratio
(m/z) of 463 in a significant number of the samples ex-
amined (34 out of 123). Experiments with different
gases used to generate the negative-chemical-ionlza-
tion plasma indicated that the ion at m/z 463 was a
chloride adduct of a CI6 molecule with a mass of 428
daltons. Negative-chemical-ionization mass measure-
ment with ions from the iodoform mass spectrum used
as reference peaks gave a mass of 427.882 daltons;
C9H1504PCI6 has a molecular weight of 427.883. Ex-
traction of polyurethane foam with toluene produced
an extract that consistently gave a negatlve-chemical-
ionlzation spectrum containing an intense CI7 Ion at
m/z 463. The component producing this. Ion was Iso-
lated, and its proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectrum confirmed that it was tris(1,3-dichloro-2-
propyl)phosphate, a mutagenic flame retardant. The
negative-chemlcal-ionization screening evidence sug-
gests that this flame retardant or its isomer trls(2,3-
3ichloro-1-propyl)phosphate, or both, are absorbed
into the body from formulations in which they are used
as flame retardants. Remedial action indicated re-
duced human exposure to these compounds.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Fire resistant textiles,
'Toxicology, 'Mutagens, Sampling, Extraction,
Humans, Reprints, 'Phosphoric acid/
trls(dichloropropyl-ester).
PB82-127887 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
On the Role of Metallothloneln In Cadmium Ab-
sorption by Rat Jejunum In situ. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
Dlnko Kello, Naoki Sugawara, Cathleen Voner, and
Ernest C. Foulkes. 7 Nov 79,12p EPA-600/J-79-143
Pub. In Toxicology 14, p199-2081979.
The role of metallothioneln (MT) In the mechanism of
cadmium absorption from the Jejunum was studied In
7-9-week-old-male rats exposed to 50 ppm of cadmi-
um In drinking water for 9 days. Exposed animals con-
tained an average of 144 mlcrograms MT/g of muco-
sal tissue, compared to 40 mlcrograms In control ani-
mals. During jejunal perfusion In situ with 4 MM glu-
cose-saline containing 10-20 nM CdCI2 the Increased
MT content of mucosa exerted no effect either on cad-
mium absorption from the lumen (step I), or on Its fur-
ther transport into the body (step II). Immediately after
perfusion, essentially all cadmium removed from the
lumen was fully recovered in the intestinal mucosa.
About 50% of the mucosal cadmium was found in the
sediment after homogenization and centrifugation; a
large portion of this cadmium In the mucosal cytosol
was not restricted to low molecular weight protein, al-
though cadmium binding capacity in the MT fraction of
controls as well as of exposed animals greatly exceed-
ed actual binding of newly absorbed cadmium. Our re-
sults offer no support for the view that MT In the jejunal
mucosa serves as determinant of cadmium absorp-
tion.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Absorption, Metals, Males,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Ingestlon(Biology), Jejunum, Digestive system, Re-
prints, 'Metallothlonein, Drinking water.
PB82-127895 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
December 1983 1205
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Excretion of Pesticides in Saliva and Its Value
In Assessing Exposure. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
Joseph F. Borzelleca, and Harry L. Skalsky. 1980,26p
EPA-600/J-80-338
Grant EPA-R-804318
Pub. In Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health B15,
n6p843-866190.
The possibility that pesticides are secreted In the
saliva and that this secretion can be used to assess
exposure to pesticides is discussed. Both Kepone and
carbaryl were tested through a series of in vitro studies
and in vivo experiments Including both acute and
subchronic studies. In the in vivo studies, both Kepone
and carbaryl were detected in the saliva in the first
twenty-four hours, but seldom thereafter. Analysis of
urinary samples indicated a rapid clearance of the sub-
stances from the animals. In vitro uptake and efflux
studies suggested that movement of both substances
was by passive diffusion and reached a plateau after
60 minutes of incubation. Efflux rates were unaffected
by experimental conditions, but were ten times faster
for carbaryl.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Saliva, Assessments, Expo-
sure, Excretion, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, De-
tection, Insecticides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Carbamates, Toxicity, Reprints,' Kepone, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Carbaryl, Carbamic acid/methyl-(naphthyl-
ester), Urinalysis.
PB82-127903 PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Largemouth Bass from Different
Latitudes to Elevated Water Temperatures. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
J. Howard McCormick, and Julie A. Wegner. 1981,15p
EPA-600/J-80-341
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
110,0417-4291981.
The effects of elevated temperatures on largemouth
bass (Micropterus s. salmoides), from Minnesota and
Wisconsin (our northern stock) and from Tennessee
(our southern stock), were compared at four first-year
life stages. The purpose of these tests was to deter-
mine the degree of applicability of data gathered from
a sample of fish from one part of its range of distribu-
tion to thermal standard setting for that same species
at some other location within its normal range. Eggs
and embryos, when first exposed early in development
to an array of elevated temperatures, lost 50% of their
maximum hatching success (TL50) at 29.5C for the
northern stock and at 29.1C for the southern stock.
Keywords: 'Heat stress, 'Tolerances(Physiology),
'Bass, Exposure, Eggs, Survival, Acclimatization,
Reproduction(Biology), Reprints, 'Micropterus sal-
moides.
PB82-127911 PC A02/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Marsh Plant* as Vector* In Trace Metal Transport
In Oregon Tidal Marshes. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
John L Gallagher, and Harold V. Klbby. 30 Aug 79, Bp
EPA-600/J-80-345
Grant NSF-DES72-01695
Pub. in American Jnl. of Botany 67(7), p1069-1074
1980. Also pub. as Georgia Univ., Sapola Island.
Marine Inst. Contrib. No. 364.
The role of Pacific coast marsh plants as vectors in the
flux of trace metals was studied in natural and pertur-
bated situations. The flux of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Sr, and Zn
were studied in natural stands of Carex lyngbyei, Dis-
tlchlls splcata, Potentllla pacifica, and Salicornia virgin-
tea. Seasonal fluxes of trace metals into the shoots of
the Irving plants were measured as was their transfer
to the dead plant community through mortality. Disap-
pearance from the latter community (through fragmen-
tation, leaching and excretion) was calculated. Sea-
sonal data were summed to produce annual input-
output budgets. Copper was the only metal accumulat-
ed from contaminated soils in the situations tested.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Metals, 'Marshes, 'Spoil,
Measurement, Blomass, Chromium, Copper, Iron,
Magnesium, Strontium, Seasonal variations, Trace ele-
ments, Leaching, Concentration(Compo8ltlon),
Tables(Data), Oregon, Reprints, 'Salt marshes, Trace
metals.
PB82-127929 PC A02/MF A01
Measuring the Dynamic Performance of Wind
Vanes. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
Peter L. Finkelstein. 28 Jan 81,10p EPA-600/J-81-340
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v20 n5 p588-594
May 81.
The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) has proposed a standard method for testing
the performance characteristics of a wind vane. This
report presents the procedures used to test and evalu-
ate the ASTM method, and the results of that evalua-
tion. Twelve wind vanes were borrowed from their
manufacturers and tested using the ASTM proce-
dures. The theory of wind vane dynamics is briefly re-
viewed. Measurements of starting threshold, starting
accuracy, delay distance, overshoot ratio, and damped
wavelength were made. Damping ratio and natural
wavelength were computed from the measurements.
Keywords: 'Wind direction, 'Wind vanes, Perform-
ance evaluation, Measurement, Accuracy, Test meth-
ods, Reprints.
PB82-127937 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Manganese In Narragansett Bay. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
William Graham, Michael Bender, and Gary P.
Klinkhammer. 8 Mar 76,13p EPA-600/J-76-109,,
ERLN-X14
Grant EPA-R-803243
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography, v21 n5 p665-
6731976.
Concentrations of dissolved manganese and panicu-
late manganese and aluminum were determined in
samples from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, and its
surrounding rivers. Total manganese is approximately
conservative, but dissolved and paniculate manga-
nese are not. Desorption may occur in the tidal rivers
at salinities. Most riverine manganese is dissolved but
manganese in the bay is predominantly paniculate,
probably due to rapid manganese oxidation at bay
water pH.
Keywords: 'Manganese, 'Estuaries, 'Narragansett
Bay, Water chemistry, Aluminum,
Concentration(Composftion), Oxidation reduction re-
actions, pH, Desorption, Salinity, Reprints.
PB82-127945
PC A02/MF A01
Field Disposal of Methyl Parathlon Using Acidified
Powered Zinc. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
Larry C. Butler, Donald C. Stalff, G. Wayne Sovocool,
and James E. Davis. Sep 81,12p EPA-600/J-80-012
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health Sciences B16, n1
p49-581981.
The degradation of methyl parathion In soil with vari-
ous amounts of acidified powdered zinc under field
conditions was studied. Treatment was progressively
more effective with increasing amounts of zinc. Disap-
pearance of parent compound was followed for 21/2
years. The expected conversion product amlnomethyl
parathion and its N-methyl derivative were formed. In
addition, N,N-dimethylamino, and the azo and azoxy
condensation products were characterized by high
resolution mass spectrometry. Aminomethyl parathion
was shown to be identical to an authentic standard.
The other specific positional isomers were considered
likely, but were not proven by mass spectrometry.
Structure elucidation was made with high resolution
mass spectrometry, using the direct Insertion probe,
and with gas chromatography/low resolution mass
spectromefry.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Zinc, Soils, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Molecular structure, Mass spec-
troscopy, Gas chromatography, Sampling,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), Solid waste disposal,
Chemical reactions, Reprints, 'Methyl parathion,
•Land disposal.
PB82-127982
PC AW/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Assistant
Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy.
Inventory of Current Indoor Air Quality-Related
Research,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
C. Beat Meyer, and Robert Hartley. Apr 81,199p EPA-
600/7-81-119
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Re-
newable Energy.
The Inventory lists a total of 171 current or recently
completed projects relating to indoor air quality. It
covers six specific areas or research: monitoring, in-
strumentation, health effects, control technology, risk
assessment and pollutant characterization. It Is cross-
referenced to the following pollutant groups: radon, ni-
trogen oxides, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, as-
bestos, respirable particulates, organlcs, tobacco
smoke, odor, ozone, biological pollutants and multi-
pollutant studies. Information provided for each project
includes the name of the principal Investigator, project
sponsor, funding level and abstract. The Inventory is
designed to be a useful tool for researchers in the field
of indoor air pollution and for analysts, architects,
builders and administrators who need to understand
the problem, as well as possible solutions. Among
other things, the document Identifies experts who can
advise the building industry on any indoor air quality
topic under study.
Keywords: Inventories, Monitoring, Public health, Air
pollution control, Technology, Risk, Radon, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde, Asbestos,
Particles, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality, Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB82-127960 PC A02/MF A01
Nltrosamlnes and Other Hazardous Emissions
from Engine Crankcases. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Thomas M. Baines. Jun 81,15p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/
81-15
The emissions from heavy duty Diesel crankcases
contain a number of hazardous compounds. Research
has discovered some of them and it may be possible
that there are some that have not yet been quantified.
Nitrosamines (a potent carcinogen in animals and
probably also in humans) are emitted from engines
using fresh oil. These emissions seem to be a function
of the type of oil used and some engine parameters
such as crankcase flow rate of NOx compounds. Used
lubricating oil has been shown to contain carcinogenic
compounds such as benzo-a-pyrene. It has also been
shown to be mutagenic. Therefore it can be concluded
that the paniculate portion of the crankcase effluent
stream may start out after an oil change at a level con-
taining few carcinogenic compounds but the level ot
these compounds increases with time. In conclusion,
crankcases emit a variety of hazardous chemicals and
evaluation of the costs and benefits of the control of
these emissions should be seriously considered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitroso compounds,
•Amines, 'Toxicology, Nitrogen oxides, Lubricating oil,
Particles, Hazardous materials, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Crankcases, Ben-
zopyrenes.
PB82-128000 PC A02/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Deep-Sea Food Web Analysis Using Immunologl-
cal Methods: Results of a Feasibility Study,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
Robert J. Feller. Jul 81,25p ORP-CR-81-3
Radioactive waste disposal sites used In the past have
been found to be leaking low levels of radlonuclldes
from containers placed on the sea bed. The potential
exists for food chain transport of radlonuclldes from
deep ocean regions to man, but the mechanisms by
which such reverse transport upward can occur are
largely unknown. When biological samples are ana-
lyzed, It Is frequently found that their stomachs contain
visually unidentifiable remains. Immunologlcal flU>
analysis methods are useful In Identifying such re-
mains. The ability of antibodies to discriminate among
proteins of different organisms depends on the degrs*
to which a given antiserum cross-reacts with antigens
from each organism. The ability of antisera to shallow
1206 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water taxa to descriminate among deep-sea taxa was
tested in hopes that these antisera could discriminate
among higher taxonomic levels of deep-sea orga-
nisms. Preliminary tests using protein extracts of mid-
water planktonio animals were successful and re-
vealed high affinities among shallow-water and mid-
water species of the same taxon. It Is concluded that
the Immunologies! method may provide higher-order
taxon information for predator-prey interactions among
deep-sea organisms. This level of discrimination may
provide data which could not be gathered using tradi-
tional methodologies.
Keywords: 'Food chains, "Immunology, 'Radioactive
Isotopes, Feasibility studies, Oceans, water pollution,
Ocean waste disposal, 'Radioactive waste disposal.
PB82-128018 PC A04/MF A01
Summary of EPA and Other Program* on the Po-
tential Carclnogenlclty of Diesel Exhaust. Techni-
cal rapt.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mj. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Penny M. Carey. Aug 81, 63p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/81-
Much research has been performed to evaluate the
nealth effects associated with exposure to Diesel
emissions. The research performed falls into five gen-
eral areas: mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, non-genetic
effects, characterization and epidemiology. EPA is
conducting a massive research program that includes
studies in each area. Since epidemiological data for
Diesel emissions are limited, a major portion of EPA's
research effort involves determining the relative muta-
Qenic and carcinogenic potency of Diesel emissions
compared to potencies of comparative emissions for
which epidemiological data are available. EPA will use
the results of these studies with epidemiological data
Jw the comparative sources to assess the human
health risk associated with exposure to Diesel emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Diesel engines, Car-
cinogens, Air pollution, Exposure, Epidemiology, Muta-
9sns, Risk, 'Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, 'Diesel
fnglne exhaust, Environmental Protection Agency,
Air pollution effects(Humans), Health risks.
£882-128075 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
May 81, 350p ISBN-0-309-03146-X
Contract EPA-68-01 -4655
Library of Congress catalog card no. 81 -81 738.
Although many of the aldehydes are minor compo-
[jents of the natural environment, it is now recognized
fne potential Impact of some of them on the urban and
indoor environments. Thus, there is a need to study
"heir sources, concentrations, transport, and transfor-
mations and their effects on various environmental
*fKl biologic systems. This report contains: Commer-
cial Production, Properties, and Uses of the Alde-
hydes, Aldehyde Concentrations, Emission, and Envi-
ronmental Generation and Transformation Reactions,
Analytical Methods for the Determination of Alde-
hydes, Health Effects of Formaldehyde, Health Effects
of Some Other Aldehydes, Effects of Aldehydes on
vegetation, and Effects of Aldehydes on Aquatic Orga-
Keywords: 'Formaldehydes, 'Aldehydes. 'Environ-
•Jental surveys, Sources,
goncentration(Composltlon), Transport properties,
Public health, Air pollution, Public health, Vegetation,
Aquatic animals, Chemical reactions, Chemical analy-
*. Manufacturing, Water pollution, Air quality.
fBM-128117 PC A02/MF A01
effect* of Aold Precipitation In North America.
Journal article,
environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
N. R Glass, G. E. Glass, and P. J. Rennle. Oct 81 , 1 0p
|PA-800/J-81-348
Pub. in Environmental International, v4 p443-452
'880,
Decent evidence Indicates that acid rain la a growing
•nvlronmental phenomenon of potentially far reaching
consequences and increasing geographical extent in
North America. Acid rain is but one aspect of the
broader problem of atmospheric deposition which in-
cludes snow, fog, and dry deposition of material. First
noticed and studied In the Scandinavian countries,
acid precipitation has now been well documented in
the United States, first in the Northeast and now more
recently throughout much of the United States east of
the Mississippi River. Numerous streams and lakes in
regions with poorly buffered soils have become devoid
of fish, have an impoverished aquatic flora and fauna,
and are changing toward conditions of low aquatic pro-
ductivity. Evidence also indicates that acid precipita-
tion may cause damage to forest growth, crop produc-
tion, and man-made materials such as buildings,
metals, paints, and statuary.
Keywords: 'North America, 'Toxicology, Air pollution,
United States, Reprints, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Precipitation washout.
PB82-128125 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Toxlclty of Ozonated Estuarlne Water to Juvenile
Blue Craba ('Calllnectea sapldus') and Juvenile At-
lantic Menhaden ('Brevoortla tyrannua'). Journal
article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict, MD. Benedict Estuarine Research Lab.
Leonard B. Richardson, and Dennis T. Burton. c1981,
9p EPA-600/J-81-477
Grant EPA-R-804683
Pub. in Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 26, p171-178
1981.
This study was initiated to provide baseline information
on the toxicity of ozonated estuarine water to two rep-
resentative estuarine species. The blue crab, Callin-
ectes sapidus Rathbun, and the Atlantic menhaden,
Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe, were selected because
of their wide distribution and commercial Importance.
In all cases except one (blue crab, 6-h LCSO), the LC50
computed from the modeling equation fell well within
the 95% confidence limits derived from standard
probit techniques.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Fishes, Crabs, Water
pollution, Lethal dosage, Estuaries, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals), Callinectes sapidus, Bre-
voortla tyrannus, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-128133 PC A02/MF A01
Reliability of Spark Source Mass Spectrometry for
Environmental Asaessment Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Frank Briden, and Donald Lewis. Oct 81,16p EPA-
600/J-81-351
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v9 p249-2641981.
The paper discusses the use of spark source mass
spectrometry (SSMS) for elemental analysis by the
U.S. EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Labora-
tory as part of its phased approach to environmental
source assessment. The assessment Is an evaluation
of the physical, chemical, and biological characteris-
tics of industrial process streams. The first phase.
Level 1, is a screening that emphasizes completeness
of detection of elements and classes of organic mate-
rials. SSMS was chosen for Level 1 analysis because it
is most economical for 73 elements within adequate
limits of detection. Another important consideration is
that SSMS doesn't require dissolution. The trigger
levels that Indicate whether the next assessment
i Level 1 data be precise within a factor of 3. There-
fore, SSMS analysis should provide elemental compo-
sition within the limits of 3 with a reasonable level of
confidence. Results of a recent Level 1 analytical labo-
ratory audit, to evaluate the reliability of SSMS In meet-
ing the assessment goals, Indicate that SSMS general-
ly lulfllls the Level 1 requirements for reliability within
cost limitations. Be, Te, Co, Mn, and Sc did not meet
these requirements. Further studies have been initiat-
ed to Improve analyses of these elements.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Organic com-
pounds, Cobalt, Manganese, Beryllium, Tellurium,
Scandium, Reprints, 'Spark source maas spectrosco-
py.
PB82-128141 PC A02/MF A01
A Simple Technique for Determining the Maximum
Ground Level Concentration of An Elevated Gase-
ous Release. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William D. Baasel. Oct 81, 7p EPA-600/J-81 -344
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
p866-870Aug81.
The paper describes the development of a screening
technique to determine the maximum 1 hour ground
level concentration of a gaseous emission from a
stack located In flat terrain. The method does not re-
quire the use of a computer and eliminates the usual
trial and error calculations. An infinite mixing height is
assumed. It involves a linear or quadratic solution of
the gaussian plume diffusion as a function of the effec-
tive stack height and a linear approximation of the
Briggs plume rise equation. The linear approximation
of the former gives results that are within 5% of the
gaussian plume results for stability criteria A, B, and C.
For stability criterion D, the difference can be as great
as 80%. If a quadratic estimation is used, the differ-
ences are less than 3% for stability criteria A, B, and C,
and are within 18% for stability criterion D. A linear ap-
proximation is used for the Briggs plume rise equation.
This gives results within 4% of the Briggs equation.
Overall, this is a simple, straightforward approximation
which gives results which can be used to determine if
more sophisticated procedures are necessary.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chimneys, Flue gases,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Reprints, Briggs
equations, Gaussian plume models, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB82-128158 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Effect of Fluctuating Exposures on the Acute
Toxlclty of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout (Salmo
galrdnerl) and Cutthroat Trout (S. clarkl). Journal
article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert V. Thurston, Charles Chakoumakos, and
Rosemarie C. Russo. Oct 81,7p EPA-600/J-81-345
Pub. in Water Research, v15 p911 -9171981.
Acute toxicity bioassays in which fish were exposed to
short-term cyclic fluctuations of ammonia were con-
ducted on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and on cut-
throat trout (S. clarki). Companion tests were also con-
ducted in which test fish were subjected to ammonia at
constant concentrations. The tests ranged in duration
from 96 h to 4 weeks. Median lethal concentration
(LCSO) values in terms of both average and peak con-
centrations of ammonia for the fluctuating concentra-
tion tests were compared with LCSO values for the
constant concentration (conventional) tests. Based on
comparisons of total dose exposure, results showed
that fish were more tolerant of constant concentra-
tions of ammonia than of fluctuating concentrations.
Fish subjected to fluctuating concentrations of ammo-
nia at levels below those acutely toxic were subse-
quently better able to withstand exposure to higher
fluctuating concentrations that fish not previously so
acclimated.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ammonia, Lethal dosage,
Bioassay, Fishes, Water pollution, Exposures, Nitro-
gen Inorganic compounds,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Reprints, Salmo gaird-
neri, Salmo clarki, 'Water pollution erfects(Animais).
PB82-128186 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Comparison of Common Solvent Evaporation
Techniques In Organic Analysis. Journal article,
Research TrlangleTnst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mitchell D. Erlckson, Mart T. Glguere, and Donald A.
Whltaker. Oct 81,19p EPA-600/J-81-379
Contract EPA-68-03-2759
Pub. in Analytical Letters, 14(A11), p841-8571981.
Isolation of organic constituents from water frequently
Involves an extraction with a large volume of organic
solvent which must be reduced to achieve the desired
sensitivity. The objective of this research was to evalu-
ate common solvent evaporation techniques to deter-
mine which are acceptable for use In pollutant analy-
sis. Techniques for solvent reduction from 200 to 10
December 1983 1207
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mL (macro) and 8 to 0.2 ml (micro) were evaluated.
The macro concentration techniques Included Ku-
derna-Danish (K-D) concentration, rotary evaporation,
evaporation on a hot plate In an Erlenmeyer flask, and
heated nitrogen blowdown with a modified Snyder
column. A series of model compounds covering a wide
range of boiling points (108 and 3230) and polarity
was used. Based upon recovery efficiency alone, nitro-
gen blowdown was significantly superior to the other
macro techniques; however, Its extreme slowness
gave K-D the highest Figure of Merit. With methylene
chloride as the solvent, nitrogen blowdown with a
column was the superior technique.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Solvent extraction, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Water pollution,
Evaporation, Concentratlon(Composition), Laboratory
equipment, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-128174 PC A03/MF A01
Marine and Estuarlne Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. J. Reish, P. S. Oshida, F. G. Wilkes, A. J. Mearns,
and S. S. Rossi. Nov 81,28p EPA-600/J-81 -069
Pub. In Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Fed., p925-949
Jun 81. Prepared in cooperation with California State
Univ., Long Beach; Southern California Coastal
Wastes, Long Beach; National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Seattle, WA. and Scrlpps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
This literature review summarizes current data on the
effects of pesticides and trace contaminants on
marine and estuarine organisms. Impacts of the petro-
leum industry on marine ecosystems is reviewed from
several viewpoints including world input to the oceans
and French coast, biotransformation, oil spill technolo-
gy, hydrocarbon characterization, toxiclty, blowouts,
and liability.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Contaminants, 'Crude oil,
Oceans, Reprints, Literature surveys, 'Water pollution
erf ects( Animals), Ecosystems.
PB82-128182 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Residual Oxldant Decay and Bromate Formation
In Chlorinated and donated Sea-Water. Journal
article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict, MD. Benedict Estuarlne Research Lab.
Leonard B. Richardson, Dennis T. Burton, George R.
Helz,, and John C. Rhoderlck. c1981, 7p EPA-600/J-
81-476, .ERLGB-0182
Grant EPA-R-804683
Pub. In Water Research, v1S p106719A)0181-74
1981.
Oxidant decay and bromate formation were studied
under light and dark conditions in 5,15 and 30% artifi-
cial sea-water and approximately equal to 5% natural
estuarine water following ozonatlon or chlorination.
For both oxldants, light exposure accelerated the re-
sidual oxidant decay rates which were inversely relat-
ed to sample salinities In artificial sea-water. Signifi-
cant quantities of bromate were produced in light-ex-
posed, chlorinated samples with an Initial residual oxi-
dant concentration of approximately equal to 70 mi-
crometers approximately equal to 5 mg/l as total resid-
ual chlorine but not at lower residual oxidant concen-
trations or in non-photolyzed samples. No bromate
was formed In any of the chlorinated natural estuarine
water samples. Bromate production was much greater
In ozonated samples than in chlorinated ones and was
formed in two distinct stages. Photolytic bromate for-
mation decreased with increasing bromide concentra-
tion In both chlorinated and ozonated artificial sea-
water. Bromate formation was completely inhibited In
the presence of NH3-N and estuarine sediment. The
same free radical mechanism is proposed for both
ozone-induced and photolytic-induced bromate forma-
tion in artificial sea-water. (Copyright (c) 1981 Perga-
mon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sea water, 'Es-
tuaries, 'Ozonation, 'Chlorinatlon, Oxldizers, Bro-
mates, Concentration(Composition), Decay, Sampling,
Bromides, Sunlight, Photochemical reactions, Inhibi-
tors, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Reprints, Antlfoullng agents,
Free radicals, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB82-128190 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Drilling Mud* on the Primary Chemo-
•ensory Neurons In Walking Leg* of the Lobster,
'Homaru* *merlcanu«'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Charles D. Derby, and Jelle Atema. Nov 81,11 p EPA-
600/J-81-128
Grant EPA-R-806630010
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, V38 n3 p268-274 1981.
The effects of whole drilling muds on the normal activi-
ty of walking leg chemosensory neurons were exam-
ined using extracellular neurophyslologlcal recording
techniques. Exposure of legs for 3-5 min to 10-mg/L
drilling mud suspended In sea water altered responses
to food odors of 29% of the chemoreceptors exam-
ined (data polled for the two drilling muds tested); simi-
lar exposure to 100-mg/L drilling mud resulted in inter-
ference with 44% of all receptors studies. The effects
of both of these concentrations are statistically signifi-
cant, although they are not different from each other.
Interference was usually manifested as a marked re-
duction in the number of action potentials in a re-
sponse. In one preparation, the exposure to drilling
mud caused a change in the temporal pattern of the
spikes without affecting the total number of spikes.
Other chemosensory neurons were excited by 10-mg/
L drilling mud itself. However, not all chemoreceptors
are affected by these drilling muds since responses to
feeding stimuli were recorded from the legs of lobsters
that had been exposed to drilling mud for 4-6 d before
the neurophysiological experiments.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Mud, 'Neurons, Lobsters,
Water pollution, Responses, Exposure, Behavior, Ho-
marus americanus, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Chemoreception, Neurophysiology.
PB82-128208 Not available NTIS
StreM-lnduced Tran*ml**on of 'Yersinia ruckerT
Infection from Carrier* to Recipient Steelhead
Trout 'Salmo galrdnerl' Rlchardton,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Valerie A. Hunter, M. D. Knittel, and J. L. Fryer. Oct 81,
8pEPA-600/J-80-347
Prepared In cooperation with National Inst. of Health,
Bethesda, MD, and Oregon State Univ., Corvallls.
Pub. In Jnl. of Fish Diseases 3, p467-4721980.
The transmission of Yersinia ruckeri has been Investi-
gated In Steelhead trout using asymptomatic carriers
of the causative bacterium of enteric redmouth dis-
ease. It was found that unstressed carrier fish did not
transmit the bacterium to recipient fish to cause either
an epizootic or produce new carrier fish. However,
when the carriers were stressed with heat, the bacteri-
um was transmitted from the carrier to recipient fish
producing a lower intestinal carrier state but no deaths.
Examination of experimentally Infected fish to deter-
mine the number of carriers among the survivors Indi-
cated that the frequency varied as a function of time
following Infection. When Immunized fish were chal-
lenged with Y. ruckeri they became temporary carriers
of the bacterium for up to 3 days; but were not able to
transmit the Infection to healthy recipient fish.
Keywords: 'Bacterial diseases, 'Disease vectors, 'In-
fectious diseases, Fishes, Bacteria, Survival, Immunity,
Reprints, Yersinia ruckeri, Salmo gairdneri.
PB82-128216 Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincln-
natl,OH.
An Intralaboratory Comparative Study of Hydride
Generation and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorp-
tion Technique* for Determining Organic and In-
organic Arsenic In Complex Wastewater*. Journal
article,
Benedict Coll., Columbia, SC.
James T. Klnard, and Morris Gales, Jr. c1981,25p
EPA-600/J-81-349
Grant EPA-R-805237
Pub. In Jnl. of Environmental Sci. Health A16(1), p27-
501981.
A detailed intralaboratory comparison of the determi-
nation of arsenic in complex wastewater samples by
hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic ab-
sorption techniques has been conducted. Two hydride
generation techniques were employed. One consisted
of the use of sodium borohydride pellets and argon to
sweep the arsine into a hydrogen flame. In the second,
arslne was produced from a sodium borohydride solu-
tion and swept Into an air-acetylene heated quartz
tube. The hydride generation techniques yielded con-
sistent, reliable data for highly complex wastewater
matrices only when arslne generation was preceded
by a closed acid digestion procedure. Complete recov-
ery of arsenic (99%) was achieved using the graphite
furnace technique and was found to be independent of
the complexity of the wastewater matrix and of the or-
ganic form of arsenic present. Hydride generation and
graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques were
comparable with regard to sensitivity, reproduclblllty
and relative detection limits, the latter was somewhat
superior In terms of accuracy and the need for sample
pretreatment. Both types of techniques are suitable for
routine analysis.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Arsenic, 'Complex com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Hy-
drides, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Compari-
son, Water pollution, Atomic spectroscopy, Reprints,
•Water pollution detection, Graphite furnace atomic
absorption techniques.
PB82-128299
PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Chlordlmeform (A Formamldlne P»»«-
clde) on Schedule-Controlled Responding of Pi-
geons. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. David Leander, and Robert C. MacPhail. Sep 81, 8p
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology 2, p315-321 1980.
The formamldlnes are a relatively new class of pesti-
cides which are effective against mites, ticks, and
other insects. Chlordimeform, a representative of this
class, Is of great lexicological interest because It Is ef-
fective against pests which are resistant to organo-
phosphate and carbamate pesticides. Likewise In birds
and mammals, Chlordimeform produces symptoms of
toxicity which are different from those produced by or-
ganophosphate and carbamate pesticides. In terms of
biochemical effects, Chlordimeform has been shown to
inhibit monoamine oxidase which Increases brain
levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. This effect has
been interpreted as the action by which Chlordimeform
produces the symptoms characteristic of the 'seroton-
ergic syndrome', a behavioral pattern consisting of
forepaw treading, head weaving, hind limb abduction,
rigidity, Straub tail, and tremor. However, other bio-
chemical effects of Chlordimeform have also been
noted. Chlordimeform has actions similar to local an-
esthetic agents; It inhibits prostagland in sysnthesls.
and In the firefly, is an agonist at octopamlne recep-
tors. Because of the paucity of studies on the behav-
ioral effects of Chlordimeform, and the diversity of bio-
chemical effects reported, the present studies were
Initiated. The pigeon was selected for experimental
study because of the extensive use of the pigeon in
characterizing the behavioral effects of drugs and toxi-
cants affecting the central nervous system and the
need for a comparative neurotoxicology in the assess-
ment of a pesticide's impact on the environment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Pest control, Birds, Physio-
logical effects, Signs and symptoms, Inhibitors, Physi-
ological effects, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Pigeons, 'Chlordimeform, Formamidlne/N-
(chloro-tolyl)-N-N-dimethyl.
PB82-128307 PC A02/MF A01
Comparative R«*pon*e* of Speckled Dace and
Cutthroat Trout to Air-Supersaturated Water-
Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Alan V. Nebeker, A. Kent Hauck, Faye D. Baker, and
Stephen L. Weltz. Oct 81, 6p EPA-600/J-80-351
Pub. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
109, p760-764 1980.
Speckled dace (Rhinichtys asculus) are more tolerant
of air-supersaturated water than adult or juvenile cut-
throat trout (Salmo clarki). Speckled dace were tested
in concentrations from 110 to 142% saturation and
had a 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) ot
140%, a 7-day LC50 of 137% and 2-week LCSO's of
129 and 131 % saturation. The estimated mean thresh-
old concentration, based on time to 50% death
(TM50), was 123% saturation. The speckled dace also
exhibited consistent external signs of gas bubble dis-
ease. Cutthroat trout were tested from 111 to 130%
saturation and had 96-hour LCSO's of 119 and 120*
(adults) and 119 and 119% (Juveniles) saturation. Esti-
mated mean threshold concentrations (from TM50
1208 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
values) were 117% (adults) and 114% (juveniles) satu-
ration. Signs of gas bubble disease exhibited by the
cutthroat trout were similar to those seen with other
salmonids examined in earlier studies.
Keywords: "Supersaturation, *Air, Fishes, Water pollu-
tion, Lethal dosage, Concentration(Cpmposition), Re-
sponses, Comparison, Reprints, Rhinichtys asculus,
Salmo olarki, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Dace.
PB82-128315 PC A02/MF A01
Physiology of Ecotyplc Plant Response to Sulfur
Dioxide In 'Geranium carollnlanum' L. Journal arti-
cle,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
G. E. Taylor, Jr., and D. T. Tingey. Oct 81, 9p EPA-
600/J-81-405
Pub. In Oecologia (Berl) 49, p76-82 1981.
Populations of Geranium carolinianum, winter annual
Plant common in disturbed habitats vary in their folair
response to sulfur dioxide and pollution resistance is
characteristic of populations sampled from areas in
which SO2 has been a prominent stress. The physio-
logical basis of this ecotypic response was investigat-
ed using a whole-plant gaseous exchange system in
which leaf resistance to H2O efflux and SO2 influx
were concurrently monitored. Individual plants of dis-
tinct SO2 susceptibility were exposed to pollutant con-
centrations of either 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 microliter/liter in
both the dark and light. Total S02 flux to the plant
which is the sum of leaf adsorptive and absorptive
toss, varied as an inverse function of leaf resistance
and the relationship was modeled using linear regres-
sion techniques. Total S02 flux was partitioned to leaf
surface and internal fractions using estimation proce-
dures with the regression analysis. SO2 flux into the
leaf interior, the pollutant fraction responsible for caus-
ing foliar injury, was strikingly similar for resistant and
sensitive plants at each concentration. Resistant
Plants must absorb 30 percent more SO2 than their
sensitive counterparts in order to exhibit comparable
levels of foliar injury. Therefore, in G. carolinianum the
Predominant explanation for genetically controlled and
Quantitatively inherited differences in plant response to
SO2 is not variable pollutant flux but rather disparate
Physiological-biochemical processes affecting pollut-
ant toxiclty, cellular perturbation and repair.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, 'Plants(Botany), "Toxicol-
ogy, Plant physiology, Responses, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Air pollution
eflects(Plants), Geranium carolinianum.
£862-128323 PC A02/MF A01
Stream System Evaluation with Emphasis on
Spawning Habitat for Salmonids. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Mostafa A. Shirazi, and Wayne K. Seim. Oct 81, 4p
EPA-600/J-81-404
Pub. In Water Resources Research, v17 n3 p592-594
Jun 81. See also report dated Oct 79, PB80-128770.
Prepared In cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife.
This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for
evaluating sedimentation impact on the streambed
Oravels used for spawning by salmonids. It establishes
• relationship between embryo survival of Incubating
eggs and the geometric mean diameter of the sub-
strate. It outlines simple procedures for estimating the
overall composition of the gravel in spawning sites
•long stream reaches and provides the rationale for in-
terpretation of these estimates in terms of overall
embryo survival in a stream system.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Animal ecology, "Salmon,
Water pollution, "Forest land, Substrates, Gravel, En-
vironmental Impacts, Statistical analysis, Assess-
ments, Embryos, Survival, Reprints, Habitats, Non-
Point sources, Pacific Northwest Reglon(United
States).
PB82-128S88 PC A02/MF A01
experimental Biology Dlv.
Calcium Ion Efflux Induction In Brain Tissue by
Radio-Frequency Radiation,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology DK/.
9- F. Blackman, W. T. Joines, and J. A. Elder. Sep 81,
18PEPA-600/S-80-082
Biological Effects of Nonionizing Radiation, Chapter
17,n°571981.
One of the most interesting and controversial papers
on the biological effects ofnonionizing radiation was
published by Bawin, Kaczmarek and Adey in 1975.
They found a 147 MHz carrier wave could elicit and en-
hance efflux of calcium ions from chick brain tissue
only when amplitude modulated at certain sub-ELF fre-
quencies. In addition to being one of the few U. S. re-
ports at that time which described a biological re-
sponse to an exposure at a power below 10 mW/cm.
sq., the results demonstrated a modulation frequency-
specific response with a maximum effect at 16 Hz. This
response was particularly significant because the ef-
fective modulating frequencies were within the range
of frequencies found in the electroencephalogram
(EEG) of the intact animal. An important feature of the
research was the relatively simple biological proce-
dure: halves of chick brains were labeled with a radioi-
sotope (45Ca+ +), exposed to RF fields for a short
time, and the amount of 45Ca++ released into the
medium during irradiation was measured. In 1979, the
authors reported their success in replicating the es-
sential characteristics of the frequency response
curve. However, success was achieved only after ex-
ploring a range of power densities at 147 MHz carrier
frequency, 16 Hz amplitude modulation. The result
demonstrated the existence of a power density
window at 0.83 mW/cm. sq. in that no enhanced calci-
um efflux was found at either higher or lower power
densities. Subsequent to this work, we examined the
effect of 9 Hz modulation on the power density re-
sponse and found that the location of the window was
unchanged.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Brain, "Calcium, Induc-
tion, Tissues(Biology), Physiological effects, Reprints,
Nonionizing radiation, Biological effects.
PB82-128S96 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Energy Conversion Potential of Industrial Waste
Streams. Final rept,
Reynolds, Smith and Hills, Jacksonville, FL.
Ed Coxe, Ed Berger, and Jack Riggenbach. Sep 77,
325p EPA/SW-195C
Contract EPA-68-01 -3569
This study examines the feasibility of using incineration
with heat recovery as an alternate approach for man-
aging hazardous wastes. Industrial wastes from the
following eight major Industries are discussed: organic
chemicals, plastics, Pharmaceuticals, petroleum refin-
ing, tires and inner tubes, fabricated rubber products,
paints, and solvent reclaiming. The study addresses
the theme of whether the value of recovered energy is
sufficient to justify incineration with heat recovery, both
from a technical and a cost basis.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Incinerators, "Heat recovery, Industrial wastes, Or-
ganic compounds, Plastics, Chemical industry, Drugs,
Tires, Elastomers, Paints, Solvents.
PB82-128810 PC A04/MF A01
Introduction to Artificial Ground-Water Recharge,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Wayne A. Pettyjohn. Oct 81,51 p" EPA-600/2-81 -236
Artificial ground-water recharge has been practiced for
scores of years throughout the world. The purpose of
artificial recharge is to increase the rate at which water
infiltrates the land surface In order to supplement the
quantity of ground water In storage. A variety of re-
charge techniques are feasible. Examples given in the
report include methods that Increase well yields,
reduce the rate of decline of ground-water levels,
reduce land subsidence, control seawater Intrusion in
coastal areas, and renovate wastewaters. Two broad
types of artificial recharge are water spreading and
well systems. In the former, large areas of land may be
flooded, basins constructed, ditches or furrows exca-
vated, or existing stream channels modified. Water is
diverted to these structures where it infiltrates. Exam-
ples of successful recharge projects in the United
States are given in the report
Keywords: "Ground water recharge, "Injection wells,
"Water supply, Water wells, Water storage, Yield.
Stream flow, Waste water reuse, Irrigation, Cooling
water, Recharge wells, Salt water intrusion, Subsid-
ence, Fluid Infiltration, Ditches, Flooding, Channel im-
provements, Feasibility, United States, "Artificial re-
charge, Water reuse.
PB82-128927
PC A14/MF A01
Kentucky Utilities Company, Hancock County
Gensratlng station Units 1 and 2: Technical Ap-
pendix, Volume I. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Sep 81,320p EPA-904/9-81-081A
See also Volume 2, PB82-128935.
Kentucky Utilities Company proposes to construct and
operate two 650 MW capacity coal-fired electric gener-
ating plants adjacent to Ohio River mile 715 in north-
east Hancock County, Kentucky. The Environmental
Impact Statement examines project alternatives, im-
pacts and mrtigative measures related to groundwater,
air, surface water, ecological, and socloeconomlc and
cultural systems.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Construction, "En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Ohio River, Site
surveys, Planning, Sewage treatment, Water pollution,
Ground water, Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Cooling
water, Thermal pollution, Employment, Income, Ar-
chaeology, Kentucky, Hancock County(Kentucky).
PB82-128935 PC A10/MF A01
Kentucky Utilities Company, Hancock County
Generating Station Units 1 and 2: Technical Ap-
pendix, Volume II. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 81,367p EPA-904/9-81-081 B
See also Volume 1, PB82-128927.
Kentucky Utilities Company proposes to construct and
operate two 650 MW capacity coal-fired electric gener-
ating plants adjacent to Ohio River mile 715 in north-
east Hancock County, Kentucky. The Environmental
Impact Statement examines project alternatives, im-
pacts and mitigative measures related to groundwater,
air, surface water, ecological, and socioeconomic and
cultural systems.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, Ohio River, Operations, Con-
struction, Ground water, Water pollution, Air pollution.
Ecology, Wildlife, Plant growth, Forest trees, Shrubs,
Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, Employment, Kentucky,
Hancock County(Kentucky).
PB82-129305 PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Louisiana, Water Year
1980. Volume 3: Coastal Louisiana. Water-data
rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Div.
1980, 320p USGS/WRD/HD-80/027, USGS-WDR-
LA-3
See also Volume 1, PB81-171621. Prepared in coop-
eration with Louisiana Dept. of Transportation and De-
velopment.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report, in three vol-
umes, contains records for water discharge at 75
gaging stations (Including stage for 71 of these sta-
aging stations and 1 1 lakes;
ater quality for 124 surface-
tions); stage only for 38 gaging stations and 1 1 lakes;
contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 124 surface-
water stations (including 34 gaging stations), 107 mis-
cellaneous sites, and 15 lakes, and 268 wells; and
water levels for 506 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Louisi-
ana, "Coasts, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water
wells. Temperature, Water table, "Water quality data,
•Hydrologic data. Dlscharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-120412 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Comparison of Ozone and Chlorine Toxiclty to
the Developmental Stages of Striped Bass,
•Morons ssxatllls'. Journal article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict, MD. Benedict Eetuarlne Research Lab.
Lenwood W. Hall, Jr., Dennis T. Burton, and Leonard
B. Richardson. Nov81,9p EPA-800/J-81-475
December 1983 1209
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-804683
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, V38 n7 p/52-757 1981.
Toxicity of ozone-produced oxidants (OPO) to striped
bass, Morone saxatilis, eggs, larvae, and fingerlings
were determined under continuous-flow conditions.
Eggs, tested in both fresh and estuarine water, were
found to be significantly (P< 0.001) more sensitive to
OPO in freshwater. The higher sensitivity found for
striped bass eggs in freshwater suggests that ozone
could have a more pronounced effect if discharged in
freshwater industrial or municipal wastewaters located
in the vicinity of a striped bass spawning area. The
ozone data collected in this study were compared with
previously published chlorine toxicity data for each
striped bass life stage.
Keywords: *Oxidizers, 'Bass, *Toxicity, 'Water pollu-
tion, Ozone, Chlorine, Waste water,
Tolerances(Physiology), Fresh water, Salt water,
Larvae, Comparison, Life cycles, Disinfection, Water
treatment, Comparison, Reprints, * Morone saxatilis.
PB82-129461 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Portable Miniature Sampler for Potential Airborne
Carcinogens In Mlcroenvlronments: Phase 2. Eval-
uation. Final rept. Nov 78-Jun 81,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
D. S. West, F. N. Hodgson, J. J. Brooks, C. L. Heflin,
and T. W. Hughes. Sep 81,208p MRC-DA-1080, EPA-
600/2-81-165
Contract EPA-68-02-2774
See also Phase 1, PB80-150105.
A portable sampling system was developed for the col-
lection and concentration of a broad range of organic
compounds from ambient air. The system is based on
the use of three solid sorbent materials (Tenax-GC,
Porapak R, and Ambersorb XE-340 arranged in series)
through which air is drawn by a portable battery-pow-
ered pump. Two different portable pumps (DuPont
R4000 and Spectrex PAS 3000) were used to power
the portable sampling device in field evaluations of the
system. The system was evaluated in field studies con-
ducted in Dayton, Ohio; Los Angeles, California; Hous-
ton, Texas; Niagara Falls, New York; Research Trian-
gle Park, North Carolina; and Cincinnati, Ohio. Both
Indoor and outdoor environments were included
among those sampled. Analyses were conducted for
selected target compounds as well as additional
broad-scan quantitative analysis of collected organic
compounds. Analyses of the samples were accom-
plished using thermal desorption of the sorbent materi-
als followed by capillary column gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry. Partial pre-analysis fractionation
(based primarily on volatility) was obtained in some of
the sampling applications demonstrating that in certain
environments additional capacity beyond that of
Tenax-GC may be required to sample low level organic
atmospheric pollutants.
Keywords: 'Gas samplers, Laboratory equipment, Air
pollution, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography,
Performance evaluation, Sorbents, Portable equip-
ment, Field tests, Design criteria, *Air pollution sam-
pling, Indoor air pollution.
PB82-129479 PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Short-Term Intermittent Air Pollutants
on Incidence and Severity of Acute Respiratory
Disease: Data Collection and Quality Assurance,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. David Flesh, Margaret L. Riha, and Michelle F.
Miller. 1981,265p EPA-600/1 -81 -065
Contract EPA-68-02-2749
The purpose of this study was to measure the acute re-
sponse of respiratory disease from peak hourly and
dally average exposures to nitrogen dioxide alone and
in combination with other pollutants. The study popula-
tion was made up of families with children attending
public elementary schools and living in four California
South Coast Air Basin study areas: West Los Angeles/
Santa Monica, Garden Grove/Westminster, Glendo-
ra/Covina, and Upland/Ontario. The role and respon-
sibility of the contractor were to collect all background
and health data, to process and assure the quality of
the data, and to prepare this report. Families were re-
cruited for participation during the spring and summer
months of 1978. Recruitment included face-to-face
interviews for the purpose of collecting family back-
ground data. Over 3,000 families were interviewed.
From these, 1,402 families (about 350 per study area)
were selected.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, 'Toxicology, Data
collection, Air pollution, Occurrence, Responses,
Physiological effects, Nitrogen dioxide, Question-
naires, Interviews, Families, California, Quality assur-
ance, *Air pollution effects(Humans), Acute diseases,
•Toxic substances, Environmental health, 'Health sur-
veys.
PB82-129495 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for North Dakota, Water
Year 1980. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30
Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Bismarck, ND. Water Resources
Div.
May 81, 820p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /046, USGS-WDR-
ND-80-1
See also report for 1979, PB80-219314. Prepared in
cooperation with the State of North Dakota.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for North
Dakota consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report contains dis-
charge records for 144 gaging stations; stage only
records for 22 gaging stations; stage and contents for
13 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 87 gaging
stations, 33 partial-record stations, 39 lakes, 80 wells,
and water levels for 32 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'North
Dakota, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells,
Temperature, Water table, 'Water quality data, *Hy-
drologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-129958 PC A21/MF A01
Florida State Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Talla-
hassee.
Jacksonville Electric Authority St. Johns River
Power Park. FDER State Analysis Report. Draft en-
vironmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Oct 81,496p EPA-904/9-81 -088
Sponsored in part by Florida State Dept. of Environ-
mental Regulation, Tallahassee. See also PB82-
129966.
Jacksonville Electric Authority and Florida Power and
Light Company propose to jointly construct and oper-
ate a New Source 1,200 megawatt coal-fired steam
electric generating station known as the St. Johns
River Power Park on a 1,656 acre site in northern
Duval County, Florida. This document assesses the
proposed project and alternatives with respect to im-
pacts on the natural and man-made environments.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Waste disposal, Saint Johns River, Chlorides,
Construction, Operations, Environmental impacts,
Aquatic animals, Noise pollution, Air pollution, Traffic,
Ground water, Water consumption, Land use, Public
health, Economic factors, Florida, 'Saint Johns River
Power Park, Duvall County(Florida).
PB82-129966 PC A99/MF E04
Florida State Dept. of Environmental Regulation, Talla-
hassee.
Jacksonville Electric Authority St. Johns River
Power Park. FDER State Analysis Report Techni-
cal Reference Document. Environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 81, 919p EPA-904/9-81 -088A
Sponsored in part by Florida State Dept. of Environ-
mental Regulation, Tallahassee. See also PB82-
129958.
Jacksonville Electric Authority and Florida Power and
Light Company propose to jointly construct and oper-
ate a New Source 1,200 megawatt coal-fired steam
electric generating station known as the St. Johns
River Power Park on a 1,656 acre site in northern
Duval County, Florida. This document assesses the
proposed project and alternatives with respect to im-
pacts on the natural and man-made environments.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Cooling water, Thermal pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Leaching, Ground water, Solid
waste disposal, Marshes, Construction, Air pollution,
Transmission lines, Operations, Sulfur dioxide, Aquatic
animals, Land use, Traffic, Florida, 'Saint Johns River
Power Park, Duvall County(Florida), Habitats.
PB82-130006 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Selective Quenchofluorometrlc Detection of
Fluoranthenlc Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Pamela L. Konash, Stephen A. Wise, and Willie E.
May. 1981,11p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Jnl. Liq. Chromatog. 4, n8 p1339-13491981.
The phenomenon of fluorescence quenching was
used for selective HPLC detection of fluoranthenic po-
lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Termed a
'Quenchofluorometric' detection system, it employs a
filter fluorimeter or spectrofluorimeter and nitrometh-
ane in the mobile phase as the fluorescence quench-
ing reagent. Chromatograms obtained with and without
the quenching reagent are compared for PAH stand-
ards, a coal tar extract, and a shale oil sample. The
quenchofluorometric detection system provides an in-
expensive method to achieve selective detection for
fluoroanthenic PAH as a group.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Fluo-
rescence, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'High perform-
ance liquid chromatography, 'Quenchofluorometric
detection systems, 'Fluoranthenes.
PB82-130121 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Testing Support for Evaluation of Inspection/
Maintenance Issues, Test Groups Nos. 13 and 15.
Technical rept.
Hamilton Test Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ.
1981, 97p
Contract EPA-68-03-2829
SeePB81-237125.
In Test Group 13, the objective was to evaluate the
emission control performance of 1981 Ford cars with
open-loop three-way catalyst emission control sys-
tems. Testsperformed on the 112 cars in the task in-
cluded the FTP, HFET, and various short tests. Restor-
ative maintenance was performed on selected cars
with excessive emissions. Test group 15 consisted of a
series of tests (FTP and HFET) on three different cars
to evaluate a retrofit device, the Super-Mag Fuel Ex-
tender.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Maintenance, Inspection, Air pollution
control equipment, Carburetors, Fuel systems, Mag-
netic fields, Ford automobiles, Motor vehicles(1981
models), Super-Mag Fuel Extenders.
PB82-130683 PC £16
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Mill Creek Area, Jefferson County, Kentucky.
Gannett, Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
burg, PA.
Sep81,494p-in3v
Set includes PB82-130691, PB82-130709, and PB82-
130717.
No abstract available.
PB82-130691 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Mill Creek Area, Jefferson County, Kentucky. Draft
environmental impact statement.
Gannett, Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
burg, PA.
Sep 81,244p EPA-904/9-81 -079
See also PB82-130709.
1210 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
^58, avai|aWe in set of 3 reports PC E16, PB82-
130683.
This draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
Proposed wastewater facilities for the Mill Creek Area
w southwest Jefferson County, Kentucky. Numerous
wastewater management alternatives ranging from
complete reliance on existing on-slte systems to a full
regional system were evaluated in this EIS. At issue in
S* Mill Creek Area EIS is the need for EPA to provide
'•ederal funds for sewer service to residential areas
currently served by Individual on-lot systems and the
Provision of sewer service to the Louisville-Jefferson
UJunty Riverport Industrial Park. The Draft EIS pre-
™red alternative involves a limited sewer alternative in
"nich the Dixie Highway commercial strip and most, if
not all, of the 26 small wastewater treatment plants will
oe served by a limited sewer.
Keywords: 'Sewers, "Environmental impact state-
"wits-draft, Mill Creek, Sewage treatment, Residential
wildings, Septic tanks, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
i^rtd use, Maps, Kentucky, Jefferson
r*unty(Kentucky), Sewage treatment plants, Gravity
8e*ers, Alternative planning.
£882-130709 PC A05/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
{Mil Cr«*k Area, Jefferson County, Kentucky
£**t«wator Facilities. Appendix A: Financial
iSy*** Analytic. Draft environmental impact state-
ment.
?*rinett, Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
|«P81, 87p EPA-904/9-81-079A
J*e also PB82-1 30691, and Appendix B, PB82-
'30717.
A«o available in set of 3 reports PC E16, PB82-
'30683.
J}"» draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
Proposed wastewater facilities for the Mill Creek Area
~? southwest Jefferson County, Kentucky. Numerous
"••tewater management alternatives ranging from
complete reliance on existing on-site systems to a full
Ijfltonal system were evaluated in this EIS. At issue in
jpe Mill Creek Area EIS is the need for EPA to provide
federal funds for sewer service to residential areas p
{?•] currently served by individual on-lot systems and
?* provision of sewer service to the Louisville-Jeffer-
*°n County Riverport Industrial Park. The Draft EIS
Preferred alternative involves a limited sewer alterna-
te in which the Dixie Highway commercial strip and
2°W. If not all, of the 26 small wastewater treatment
giants will be served by a limited sewer. It is proposed
jnat residential areas now served by on-lot systems in
the Mill Creek area will remain on these systems.
Keywords: "Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
l impact statements-draft, Financing, Revenue,
;r**h flow, Expenses, Mill Creek, Operating costs, Sta-
ijrtfcal analysis, Kentucky, Jefferson
^ountytKentucky), Alternative planning.
£882-130717 PC A08/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
JJJII Crack Area, Jefferson County, Kentucky. Ap-
P*>Kilx B: Qroundwator Program. Draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Jaannett, Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
1, 163pEPA-904/9-81-079B
fee also Appendix A, PB82-1 30709.
^"joavailable in set of 3 reports PC E16, PB82-
Thto draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
Proposed wastewater facilities for the Mill Creek Area
PJ southwest Jefferson County, Kentucky. At issue in
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Between 1946 and 1970 the United States disposed of
low level radioactive waste at several sites In the At-
lantic and Pacific Ocean. In 1972 the Environmental
Protection Agency was authorized under the Marine
Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (PL-92-532)
to regulate all ocean disposal activities, this Act re-
quires EPA to establish a program for reviewing and
evaluating ocean dumping permit applications. Before
EPA can approve permits for ocean dumping of radio-
active waste, it will be necessary to determine how
such wastes may affect marine biota. The purpose of
this study was to test the feasibility of using a marine
coastal worm, Neanthes arenaceodentata, as a cyto-
genetic model for assessing radiation damage to
ocean organisms. Groups of worms were exposed to
cobalt-60, then slide preparations were made and
scored for gross chromosome aberrations and
damage. All the levels of Ionizing radiation tested from
160-660 rads were found to cause significant chromo-
some damage in N. arenaceodentata. The nature of
this damage depended on dose, dose-rate and DNA
repair capability of the worm. Worms responded to the
same dose range as do mice. Since mice are accepted
models for studying radiation effects on humans, this
study supports the utility of using this species to study
radiation effects on marine organisms.
Keywords: 'Ionizing radiation, 'Radiation effects,
'Chromosomes, Marine biology, Indicator species,
Oceans, Physiological effects, Baseline data,
Neanthes arenaceodentata, Marine worms, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals), Bioindlcators, Animal
models.
PB8M31533 PC A05/MF A01
Conveyance, Treatment, and Control of Municipal
Wastewater, Combined Sewer Overflows, and
Stormwater Runoff: Summaries of Technical Data.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
10 Feb 81,92p EPA-430/9-81-008, EPA/FRD-23
See also PB-300 804.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This report is a part of the 1980 Needs Survey report
and Is a supplement to the cost estimate report to Con-
gress JPB81 -193625 entitled '1980 Needs Survey -
Cost Estimates for Construction of Publicly-Owned
Wastewater Treatment Facilities') dated February 10,
1961. It provides detailed summaries of present and
future needs for sewage treatment facilities by State.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Municipalities, Combined sewers, Cost
analysis, Flow rate, States(United States), Popula-
tions, Construction, Estimating, Upgrading, Activated
sludge process, Trickling filters, TablesfData), Sur-
veys, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-131566 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from High
Mileage Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Lawrence R. Smith. Sep 81,191 p* EPA-460/3-81 -024
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from ten 1978 and 1979 high mileage catalyst
equipped gasoline automobiles which nave been
driven for approximately 50,000 miles. The ten auto-
mobiles were evaluated as-received and after a tune-
up to manufacturer's specifications, over the Light-
Duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway
Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFET). Exhaust con-
stituents measured, In addition to the regulated emis-
sions, include: aldehydes, partlculates, sulfides,
amines, metals, and several additional elements and
compounds. Additional evaluations involved the meas-
urement of the regulated emissions over four short-
test procedures.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, Exhaust emissions, Regula-
tions. Aldehydes, Particles, Sulfides, Amines, Metals,
Tests, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composltion),
'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), 'Automobile ex-
haust.
PB82-131681 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Major Non-CTQ VOC Sources In Region 5 Areas
Requiring 1982 Ozone SIPs,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. R. SegalT, and J. C. Thames. Nov 81,388p EPA-
905/9-81-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
States with areas classified as nonattainment with re-
spect to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) for ozone and which were granted exten-
sions for demonstrating attainment until 1987 are to
submit State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions in
1982. These submittals are to contain emission inven-
tories of major reactive volatile organic compound
(RVOC) sources. Included In these inventories are
source categories for which Control Techniques
Guidelines (CTG) defining Reasonably Available Con-
trol Technology (RACT) have not been issued. In order
to assist the states in ensuring completeness in the
1982 SIP submittals, this directory of probable major
non-CTG RVOC sources in the Region V nonattain-
ment areas of Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit,
Louisville, Milwaukee, and St. Louis has been devel-
oped independently of existing state or EPA inventory
information. For the purposes of this directory, a major
source was defined as having RVOC emissions of 50
tons per year or greater to ensure that all appropriate
major sources were included.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Ozone, Sources, Standards,
Revisions, Forecasting, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Emission inventories, *EPA region 5, 'Air pollution
abatement, State implementation plans, National am-
bient air quality standards, Reasonably available con-
trol technology.
PB82-131731 PC A08/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 81,159p EPA-540/RS-81 -005
Errata sheet inserted.
This document contains information regarding reregls-
tratlon of pesticide products containing Phosalone, In-
cluding how to register under the registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
data requirements and data gaps. Also included is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
viewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclu-
sions contained in standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chlorine organic
compounds, Toxicology, Regulations, Ecology, Chem-
istry, 'Zolone, Phosphorodlthioic acid/(diethyl-ester)-
((chloro-oxobenzoxazolinyl-)methyl), Path of pollut-
ants.
PB82-131865 PC A03/MF A01
Carclnogenlclty of Chlorlnatlon By-Products: Trl-
halometnanes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael A. Perelra. Oct 81,28p EPA-600/D-81-335
There Is Insufficient evidence to indicate anything but
the weakest, If any, tumor initiating activity for trlhalo-
methanes. Chloroform in all the tests other than the
low level of DNA binding did not indicate any possible
tumor Initiating activity. The only indication that the
other trihalomethanes are tumor Initiators was their
marginal mutagenic activity In the Ames Salmonella
Assay. The trihalomethanes would appear to possess
tumor promoting activity as indicated by (1) Induction
of regenerative hyperplasia. (2) molecular markers
such as induction of ODC and (3) the apparent weak
promoting activity of chloroform In the rat liver foci bio-
assay. The dose-response relationship of the tumor
promoting activity of chloroform could possess a
threshold as Indicated by the induction of ODC and re-
generative hyperplasia. Therefore, the weight of the
present evidence would indicate that the extrapolation
model employed to estimate the low dose carcinogen-
ic response for chloroform should be different than the
model used for genotoxlc carcinogens. However, It
must be emphasized that confirming evidence is re-
quired to support this conclusion.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Toxicology, Carcinogens,
Deoxyribonucleic acid, Chloroform, Pathology, Car-
cinogenesls, 'Methane/trlhalo.
PB82-132002 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Possible Approaches to the Health Effect* Test-
ing of Fuels and Fuel Additives,
Southwest Foundation for Research and Education,
San Antonio, TX.
Emily M. Gause, Martin L. Meltz, and Nathan D.
Greene. Oct 81,219p EPA-600/2-81 -235
Contract EPA-68-02-2286
This document describes possible approaches to the
testing of fuels and fuel additives for potential health
effects. Such health effects testing Is required of.the
manufacturer of a fuel or fuel additive. The health ef-
fects tests must include but are not limited to carcino-
genic, teratogenic, or mutagenic effects. In order to de-
termine the appropriate protocol for health effects
testing, the following areas are discussed: (1) test ma-
terials, (2) relationship of physical and chemical prop-
erties of test materials to physiological distribution and
biological activity, (3) weighing factors involved in de-
termining an approach to appropriate health effects
testing, (4) route and mode of exposure. The possible
health effects tests described are organized into the
following areas: (1) toxicity (with an emphasis on pul-
monary effects), (2) mutagenesis, (3) carcinogenesis,
(4) teratogenesis and reproductive performance. The
final chapter describes two possible approaches to
testing. This report is a technical background docu-
ment and is not intended to serve as a health effects
testing protocol for fuels and fuel additives.
Keywords: 'Fuel additives, 'Fuels, 'Toxicology!
Reproduction(Biology), Tests, Bioassay, Combustion
products, Air pollution, Data collection, Hazards, Expo-
sure, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Muta-
genesis, Carcinogenesis, Teratogenesis, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB82-132408 Not available NTIS
Package Plant*: A Cost-Effective Solution to
Small water System Treatment Need*. Journal arti-
cle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark, and James M. Morand. c1981,10p
EPA-600/J-81-484
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ. OH.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v73n1p24-30Jan81.
Many small and rural water systems have baft cost
and quality problems. As drinking water quality stand-
ards become more stringent, costs will increase and
both problems will be compounded. One economical
alternative to conventional treatment is the package
plant - a self contained unit that can be installed at
minimum cost. Package Plants are not without prob-
lems however and they require careful operation atten-
tion to insure proper operation.
Keywords: 'Cost effectiveness, 'Water treatment,
Rural areas, Filtration, Coagulation, Design, Clarifica-
tion, Performance evaluation, Reprints, 'Packaged
water treatment plants.
PB82-132416 PC A02/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD.
Seasonal Behavior of Paniculate Matter at ThrM
Rural Utah Sites. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Robert G. Flocchini, Thomas A Cahill, Lowell L.
Ashbaugh, Robert A. Eldred, and Marc Pltchford. 23
May 60,8p EPA-600/ J-81 -483
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, vl 5 p315-3201981 •
Prepared In cooperation with California Univ., Davis.
Crocker Nuclear Lab. Sponsored in part by National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville,
MD.
Elemental analysis of size-segregated paniculate sam-
ples for three rural Utah sites Is presented and dis-
cussed. Dally samples were collected at each site In
three size ranges (15-3.5 m, 3.5-0.5 m, 3.5-0.5 m, and
0.5-0.1 m) for a period of one year. Sulfur Is shown to
be Important In the two smaller size ranges. There Is
no distinctive seasonal pattern In sulfur concentra-
tions. Overall, the mass contribution of the soil related
components to ambient particles is greatest Soil relat-
ed elements dominate In the two larger size ranges
1212 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and are significant (amounting to about 50%) In the
smallest size range. The soils show a distinctive sea-
sonal variation with winter concentrations, about a
'actor of three smaller during the summer. Small parti-
te soils may be a significant cause of visibility degra-
dation.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Seasonal variations, Rural
awes, Utah, Sites, Particle size, Soils,
^ncentrationfComposition), Samples, Reprints, *Alr
Pollution sampling.
£882-132424 Not available NTIS
A Water Supply Cost Model Incorporating Spatial
variable*. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Robert M. Clark, and Richard G. Stevle. c1981,18p
fPA-eoO/J-81-479
Prepared In cooperation with North Carolina Utilities
Commission, Raleigh.
Pub. In Land Economics, v57 n1 p18-32 Fob 81.
Public utilities can be divided Into those providing
jransportatlon services and those which provide serv-
«»8 through physical connection between the plant of
me supplier and the premises of consumers. Water
^PPly services which fall Into the latter category fur-
nish a service that Is often without competition. The
PUnpose of this paper is to examine some of the trade-
offs that may exist between the economies of scale for
Producing water and the diseconomies of transporting
"to a point of use.
Bywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water supply, Water distri-
bution, Water treatment, Water consumption, Mathe-
matical models, Statistical analysis, Populations, Re-
Prints, Tradeoffs.
fB82-132432 PC A02/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect* of Synfuel Use. Journal article,
' "W Energy Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
Masood Ghasseml, Rajan Iyer, Robert Scofleld, and
JoeMcSorley. Nov81,10pEPA-600/J-81-481
HJJb. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
w P866-873 Aug 81.
This paper reviews environmental concerns relating to
lin* distribution, handling, and end use of synfuel prod-
ucts likely to enter the marketplace by the year 2000,
and assigns priority rankings to the products based on
Environmental concerns to aid EPA to focus its regula-
t°ry and research activities. Major products and by-
products from oil shale, coal liquefaction, and coal
OasMcatlon technologies are considered. Results Indi-
cate that: (1) significant quantities of synfuel products
are expected to enter the marketplace during the next
<0 years; (2) large-scale transportation, distribution,
and end use of certain synfuel products can present
JWflcant threats to the environment and the public
"With; (3) based on gross characteristics, synfuel
products appear to be similar to petroleum products,
°ut detailed characterization data are not available
with which to judge their relative safety; and (4) synfuel
J*«t and evaluation programs currently underway or
Planned provide excellent opportunities for collecting
some of the required environmental data. Three likely
scenarios for shale- and coal-based synfuel plant
Buildup are projected. The type and quantity of synfuel
products and by-products likely to enter the market are
identified and their regional market penetration Is esti-
mated. The environmental analysis consists of a
review of available data on the physical, chemical, and
nealth effects characteristics of synfuel products and
environmental significance of their characteristics.
Keywords: 'Synthetic fuels, 'Environmental surveys,
Byproducts, Oil shale. Coal gasification, Technology,
Transport properties, Public health, Assessments, He-
Prints, Coal liquefaction.
£682-132440 PC A02/MF A01
evaluating Coats and Benefits of Alternative Dis-
infectant*. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark. 1981,7p EPA-600/J-81-480
Pub. In Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v?3n2p90-93Feb81.
Environmental Protection Agency regulation of the
maximum contaminant level for total tnhalomethanes,
tics with a sharpness of cut parameter, slgma g, of
1.18. It Is believed that this particular Inlet will meet the
along with the discovery that TRMS are formed during requirements of a high efficiency inlet for sampling in-
the disinfection process, has led to Increased scrutiny halable particles from the ambient atmosphere.
of disinfection practices. An analysis of the cost-bene-
fit ratios of chlorination and other methods of disinfec-
tion concludes that the benefits associated with any
type of disinfection far outweigh the costs.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Disinfectants,
'Chlorlnation, Economic analysis, Public health, Water
treatment, Water quality, Reprints, 'Methane/trlhalo,
Environmental Protection Agency.
PB82-132457 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Report of an Amphlpod Species New to Ohio:
'Qammarus minus Say (Amphlpoda: Gammarl-
dae). Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
David C. Beckett, Philip A. Lewis, and John R.
Holsinger. 24 Mar 77,4p EPA-600/J-77-183
Pub. in Ohio Jnl. of Science 77(4), p242 Sep 77. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk,
Gammarus minus Is reported from two locations In
Southern Ohio. This Is the first record of the species
from Ohio, although It Is very common from other lime-
stone areas of the midwest.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Aquatic biology, Taxonomy,
Dlstrlbution(Property), Sites, Ohio, Reprints, 'Gam-
marus minus.
PB82-132465 PC A02/MF A01
A New Species of 'Stenonema' (Ephemsroptera:
Heptagenlldae) from Eastern North America. Jour-
nal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Dept. of Entomology.
Frank Louis Carle, and Philip A. Lewis. 16 Aug 77,6p
EPA-600/J-78-189
Pub. In Annals of the Entomological Society of Amer-
ica, V71 n3 p285-288,15 May 78.
Adults and nymphs of Stenonema merlrivulanum sp.
are described. Adults are characterized by large dark
spiracular dots, gray margined hind wings, and very
long banded caudal filaments. Nymphs are character-
ized by 'V-shaped pale areas on abdominal terga 7-9,
posterolateral spines on abdominal segments 7-9, and
an unmarked abdominal venter. The species has been
collected from small prlsine streams in the Appalach-
ian Mountains.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Aquatic biology, Taxonomy, Mor-
phology, Ecology, Dlstributlon(Property), Streams, Re-
prints, 'Stenonema, 'Mayflies.
PB82-132473 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aerosol Sampling Inlets and Inhalabl* Particles.
Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Benjamin Y. H. Liu, and David Y. H. Pul. 19 Jun 80,14p
EPA-600/J-81-026
Grant EPA-R-604600
Pub. In Atmospheric Environment, v15 p589-600 1981.
The problem of sampling aerosols from the ambient at-
mosphere has been considered from a theoretical
point of view. Following a review of the various sam-
plers and inlets used In ambient sampling, the factors
contributing to high sampling efficiency for large parti-
cles are discussed. It is pointed out that the major
mechanisms for particle loss In sampling inlets are im-
pactlon on external surfaces and Impaction, turbulent
deposition, and sedimentation on internal surfaces.
Therefore, an efficient inlet Is one for which these
losses are minimized. Based on these theoretical con-
siderations, a new inlet for sampling inhalable particles
(particles with aerodynamic diameter of 15 microme-
ters or less) has been designed, constructed, and
tested. The inlet incorporates an inlet configuration al-
lowing for the efficient entry of large particles Into the
inlet opening, followed by an impactor^p remove the
coarse, non-lnhalable particles. The Inlet has been
found to have essentially wind speed independent
characteristics for wind speeds of up to 9 km/hr, the
maximum wind speed used in the tests. The impactor
has also been found to have sharp cut-off characteris-
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Intake systems,
Particles, Sampling, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Gas samplers, Reprints.
PB82-132481 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Determination of the Sources of Airborne Parti-
cles Collected during the Regional Air Pollution
Study. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Daniel J. Alpert, and Philip K. Hopke. 19 Jun 80,15p
EPA-600/J-81-025
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n5 p675-687
1981.
Target transformation factor analysis (TTFA) has been
applied to an analysis of a subset of the aerosol-com-
Study (RAPS) for St. Louis, Missouri. The RAPS pro-
gram collected a large number of samples with ten,
continuously operated, dlchotomous samplers from
March 1975 to March 1977. The purpose of the
present study was to evaluate the capability of TTFA to
resolve sources of airborne paniculate matter In a set
of ambientaerosol samples. In order to give each ele-
ment a more equal weight in the Identification of
sources, a weighting scheme has been added to the
target transformation rotation procedure. The weight-
ed rotation produces a more sensitive source identifi-
cation and has enhanced the resolution of sources
with simitar element profiles. To determine the most
appropriate way to apply TTFA, two separate sets of
the data were analyzed: (1) All the samples collected
during July and August 1976 at a single station, and (2)
All the samples collected at the ten RAPS stations
during a single week. Each set of samples were further
subdivided into fine- and coarse-faction subsets and
analyzed separately. Because of the large number of
missing values below detection limits, it was necessary
to exclude a sizable fraction of the data from the analy-
ses. Superior results were obtained from the examina-
tion of the variation In aerosol composition with time at
a single location rather than the spatial variation over
multiple sites during a shorter time period.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, Sources, Sam-
pling, Sites, Particle size, Transport properties, Mis-
souri, Reprints, 'Regional air pollution study, Saint
Louls(Mlssouri).
PB82-132499 PC A02/MF A01
Fourier Encoded Data Searching of Infrared Spec-
tra (FEDS/IRS). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. V. Azarraga, R. R. Williams, and J. A. de Haseth. 24
Mar 81, 8p EPA-600/J-81 -144
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Spectroscopy, v35 nS p466-469
1981.
A new library searching technique Is reported that
relies on Fourier transforms of Infrared (IR) absor-
bance spectra. Searching in the time domain Is shown
to be more tolerant to noise than searches In the spec-
tral domain and fewer points are required to encode
i unique characteristics of the Individual spectrum.
the i
This decreases both search time and library storage
requirements. Additionally, time domain classification
of IR spectra is demonstrated and the possibility of In-
dexing the library for a binary search is discussed.
Keywords: 'Infrared spectroscopy, 'Information re-
trieval, 'Searching, Library science, Subject Indexing,
Information systems, Performance evaluation, Com-
parison, Reprints, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB82-132507 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Development of Analytical Test Procedures for
Organic Pollutants In Wsstewater - Application to
Pesticides. Final rept. Sep 78-May 79,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Hope Miller, Paul Cramer, Arbor Drinkwine, Alice Shan,
and Glenn Trischan. Nov 81,92p* 4586-A1, EPA-600/
4-81-017
Contract EPA-68-03-2711
December 1983 1213
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Supersedes PB81 -172629.
The Environmental Protection Agency's Environmen-
tal Monitoring and Support Laboratory at Cincinnati
has been engaged in the development of test proce-
dures for a multitude of organics in water. Midwest Re-
search Institute was contracted to perform in a devel-
opment program directed toward a group of 56 pesti-
cides. The objective was to develop procedures that
were as similar to each other as possible and were
sensitive to 1 micrograms/liter. By using a standard
method, at least as a starting point, and making adjust-
ment as necessary, the number of unique procedures
was kept to a minimum. The experimental approach
was to test each pesticide against the standard
method, e.g., methylene chloride extraction-Kuderna-
Danish evapgratlon-Florisil cleanup-gas chromato-
graphic determination. Problem areas such as poor re-
covery, inadequate cleanup, etc., were identified and
modifications to circumvent these problems were de-
vised. One major deviation was the use of HPLC for
several classes of pesticides. The general classes or
individual pesticides studies (and the number of com-
pounds In the classes) were: organochlorlne (6); or-
ganonitrogen (7); organophosphorus (19); triazlnes (9);
carbamates and ureas (7); carbendazln and benomyl;
cyanazlne; carbofuran; 4,4'-methylene-bls(2-chloroan-
Illne); dinoseb; tokuthion; plperalin; piperonyl butoxlde;
and aldicarb.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, 'Water
analysis, Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Water pollution,
Concentration(Compositlon), Triazines, Carbamates,
Ureas, Solvent extraction, Evaporation, Gas chroma-
tography, Revisions, 'Water pollution detection, High
pressure liquid chromatography.
PB82-132523 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Development of a Mechanical Equipment Nolse-
Controi Permit Scheme for Modal Building Code,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Warren E. Blazier, Jr., Nicholas P. Miller, and David A.
Towers. Aug81,195p* EPA-550/9-81-400
Contract EPA-68-01-4396
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report deals with the development of noise-con-
trol approaches applicable to a mechanical equipment
permit scheme for commercial, business, institutional,
and residential high-rise buildings. The report identifies
and categorizes mechanical equipment as noise
sources. The equipment is classified and rank-ordered
on the basis of potential noise impact. A series of
worksheets and guidelines are presented for use in
performing the calculations necessary to evaluate a
given mechanical design for exterior noise impact. A
mechanical equipment permit scheme is explained for
use by a community. In developing this scheme the au-
thors first examined the strengths and weaknesses of
enforcement strategies currently being used by vari-
ous jurisdictions throughout the country. These exist-
ing strategies are evaluated in terms or effectiveness,
feasibility, enforcement costs and legal provisions. In
making an evaluation emphasis is placed upon those
enforcement practices which increase the probability
that mechanical-equipment noise will be controlled.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Equipment specifica-
tions, 'Building codes, Air conditioning equipment,
Compressors, Generators, Ordinances, Law enforce-
ment, Noise pollution, 'Noise levels.
PB82-132649 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Suit at* Formation In Urban Plume*. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Oceanogra-
Jonn
John W. Winchester. 1980,14p EPA-600/J-80-356
Pub. In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v338p297-308,15May80.
In the concept of an 'urban plume', the combined air
pollutants from several major emission sources In an
urban area are considered to be carried, with air
masses moving across the city, out over nonurban
land or water. A plume may be distinguished from the
unpolluted nonurban atmosphere, which Is not directly
downwind of a city, by its chemical composition and
high concentrations of certain pollutants. However, in
the eastern U.S., where the most abundant paniculate
air pollutants in the plume may be sulfate aerosol
formed by the oxidation of gaseous sulfur oxides, the
urban source areas are spaced closely enough so that
the intervening nonurban regions are often under the
combined influence of several urban plumes. The re-
sulting generally high nonurban average pollutant con-
centrations, especially for sulfate, greatly complicate
the task of tracing the transport of individual urban
plumes, and, of particular importance, of determining
the extent of sulfate formation within them.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Sulfates, Urban
areas, Concentratlon(Compositlon), Particles, Trans-
port properties, Aerosols, Reprints, Path of pollutants.
PB82-132566 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Six* and Composition of Visibility-Reducing Aero-
col* In Southwestern Plumes. Journal article,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Dept. of Chemistry.
Edward S. Macias, Donald L. Blumenthal, Jerry A.
Anderson, and Bruce K. Cantrell. 1980,27p EPA-600/
J-80-357
Pub. In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v338 p233-257, 15 May 80. Prepared in cooperation
with Meteorology Research, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.,
and SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
The southwestern United States desert and mountain
areas are generally characterized by very good visibili-
ty. Until recent years, scenic vistas of natural land-
marks and mountains with a visual range of over 100
miles were common. These vistas have been consid-
ered a major resource of the Southwest, and numer-
ous national parks, forests, and monuments have
been created to preserve them. The tourism resulting
from the Southwest's scenery has played a major role
in the economy of the region. In this paper, the authors
describe the results of the fall 1977 aircraft measure-
ments of Project VISTTA. The Southwest visibility-re-
ducing aerosol Is characterized with regard to spatial
distribution, particle size distribution, and chemical
composition as a function of size. The emissions from
a copper smelter and a coal-fired power plant in the
region, as measured in elevated plumes, are charac-
terized with regard to chemical composition as a func-
tion of size. The contribution of various species to light
scattering is also quantitatively assessed.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution, 'Parti-
cle size distribution, 'Chemical composition, Aerial
surveys, Spatial distribution, Light scattering, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Plumes, Electric
power plants, Reprints, Copper smelters, Coal fired
power plants.
PB82-132564 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Observation* of the Modification of Cloud Con-
densation Nuclei In Wave Cloud*. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Atmospheric Sci-
ences.
Dean A. Hegg, Peter V. Hobbs, and Lawrence F.
Radke. 1980,8pCONTRIB-560, EPA-600/J-80-359
Grant PHS-HS-805263
Pub. in Jnl. de Recherches Atmospheriques 14, p217-
2221980.
Measurements are presented which show enhanced
concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei, active at
various supersaturations, downwind of wave clouds.
Concurrent measurements of particle size spectra cor-
roborate these measurements and suggest particle
growth within the clouds. Modifications In the particle
size spectra are most pronounced at diameters of ap-
proximately 1 micrometer. Measurements and model-
Ing results suggest these observations can be ex-
plained by sulfate production In clouds.
'Condensation
reac-
tions, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Supersaturatton, Re-
prints.
Keywords: 'Clouds(Meteorology), 'Condens
nuclei, Measurement, Particle size, Chemical
PB82-132672.
PC A02/MF A01
Removing Trlhalom*thane* from Drinking Water •
An Overview i
tide,
i of Treatment Technique*. Journal ar-
Muntelpal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James M. Symons, Alan A. Stevens, Robert M. Clark,
Edwin E. Geldreich, and O. Thomas Love, Jr. 1981,
12p EPA-600/J-80-360
Pub. in Water/Engineering and Management, 128,
p50,52, 53,56,61-64 Jul 8f.
In 1974 trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloro-
methane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform)
were discovered to be formed during the disinfection
step of drinking water if free chlorine was the disinfect-
ant. This, coupled with the perceived hazard to the
consumer's health, led the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency to amend the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations to Include a maximum con-
taminant level of 0.10 mg/L tor total trihalomethanes.
For trlhalomethane removal, aeration - either by dlf-
fused-alr or with towers - and adsorption - either by
powdered activated carbon or granular activated
carbon - is effective. The major disadvantage of this
approach Is that trihalomethane precursors are not re-
moved by aeration. For trihalomethane precursor con-
trol, effective processes are: (1) oxidation by ozone or
chlorine dioxide; (2) clarification by coagulation, set-
tling and filtration, precipitative softening, or direct fil-
tration; or (3) adsorption by powdered activated
carbon or granular activated carbon. In addition, some
modest removal or destruction of trihalomethane pre-
cursors can be achieved by oxidation with potassium
permanganate lowering the pH, or moving the point of
chlorination to the clarified water. Lowering of trihalo-
methane precursor concentrations has the additional
advantage of reducing overall disinfectant demand,
thereby reducing the possibility of the formation of an
disinfection byproducts. Neither chlorine dioxide, nor
ozone, nor chloramlnes produce trihalomethanes at
significant concentrations when used alone as disin-
fectants. Furthermore, the cost of any of these unit
processes is very low. The major disadvantage of
using alternate disinfectants for trihalomethane control
relates to the lack of any precursor removal.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Potable water, Disinfection, Chloroform, Bro-
moform, Regulations, Oxidation, Ozonation, Chlorine
oxides, Activated carbon treatment, Coagulation, Fil-
tration, Preclpitation(Chemistry), Adsorption, Reprints,
Methane/bromo-dichloro, Methane/dibromo-chloro,
Granular activated carbon.
PB82-132580 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Trt
angle Park, NC. ^ >• >•* »«i •=•*»
Aerosol Formation In Urban Plume*. Journal arti-
cle,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Kenneth T. Whltby. c1980,21 p EPA-600/ J-80-358
Grant EPA-R-803851
Pub. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
v338p258-275,15May80.
One of the most important questions of the day Is ex-
actly how to measure the contribution of identifiable
sources to the Increasing haze that now covers a good
part of the eastern United States in summer. This con-
cern has resulted In a number of large studies of point
sources, such as power plants. However, the multitude
of small sources In every urban area also combine to
form an urban plume that not only contributes to the
pollution in the downwind areas Immediately under it,
but also to the general haze after the plume has lost Its
Identity. Furthermore, the author has only a sketchy
idea of what such plumes contribute to the general
haze on the days after they have lost their Identity. Al-
though it is well known that secondary aerosol mass
and 03 are formed In the urban plume, quantitative re-
lationships between primary precursors and secondary
products are scarce.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols. 'Urban area*,
Plumes, Electric power plants, Ozone, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Reprints, Point
sources.
PB82-132598 PC A03/MF A01
Organic Water Pollutant Analy*)* by Qa* Chrom*-
tography-M*** Spectrometry. Final rept,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
John M. McGuire, and Ronald G. Webb. 1981,34p
EPA-600/D-82-017
Pub. in Water Quality Measurement: The Modern Ana-
lytical Techniques, p1-31 1981.
1214 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a widely
used technique for the identification of organic chemi-
cals in water. This paper describes the gas chromato-
graph-mass spectrometer system, the preparation and
separation of samples, the selection of ionizing proc-
esses, the integration of a computerized identification
system, and the interpretation of mass spectra to iden-
tify organic chemicals.
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatogra-
Pny, Mass spectroscopy, Samples, Reprints, 'Water
Pollution detection.
PB82-132606 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Cod* of Current Practices for Enforcement of
Noise Ordinances,
Dames and Moore, Cranford, NJ.
f. M. Kessler, and M. Alexander. Sep 81,231 p' DM-
9647-012, EPA-550/9-81-402
Contract EPA-68-01-4430
This report provides communities interested In adopt-
ing a noise control ordinance with measurement pro-
cedures for effective enforcement. The first segment
discusses the theory of sound, terminology, anclcom-
Putation methods, vibration measurement and criteria
are also presented. The second segment of this report
Presents the current measurement procedures. Noise
and vibration measurement procedures are presented
'or stationary noise sources. These include statistical
sampling and steady sound techniques, both weighted
and octave band. Both roadway (passby) and station-
ary sound level measurement methods are provided
for automobiles, trucks, and motorcycles. Sound
measurement procedures are also included for buses,
construction equipment, model vehicles, recreation
vehicles, and refuse collection vehicles. Sketches of
the measurement sites and forms for reporting meas-
ured data are provided for each measurement proce-
dure.
Keywords: *Noise(Sound), 'Noise reduction, 'Law en-
forcement, Acoustic measurement, Motor vehicles,
Construction equipment, Ordinances, Environmental
engineering, Noise pollution.
PB82-132622 PC E10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Marine Bird Populations of the Strait of Juan de
Fuca, Strait of Georgia and Adjacent Waters In
We and 1979,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Coll. of Forest Resources.
Terence R. Wahl, Steven M. Speich, David A.
Manuwal, Katherine V. Hirsch, and Christine Miller. Oct
8l,291pEPA-600/7-81-156
Sponsored In part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Seattle, WA. Includes six sheets
of microfiche.
The threat of oil pollution in the Strait of Juan de Fuca
has prompted this study of marine birds in Washington
State. The study was conducted from 1 January 1978
to 31 December 1979 in the Strait of Juan de Fuca
north to the San Juan Islands and Point Roberts and
west to Sidney, British Columbia. Major objectives
were to determine the time of occurrence, distribution,
abundance, and locations of important concentrations
of marine birds. Data were obtained on breeding
marine birds on 99 geographic units In American
waters.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Animal ecology, 'Oil pollution,
, Juan de Fuca Strait, Abundance, Populations, Aquat-
ic animals, Distribution (Property), Animal migrations,
Animal behavior, Seasonal variations, Taxonomy,
Sites, Washlngton(State), Saablrds, MESA project.
PB82-132M4
PC A06/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard: Carboxln.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 81,120p EPA-640/RS-81 -007
This document contains Information regarding reregls-
tration of pesticide products containing Carboxin, in-
cluding how to register under the registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
paw requirements and data gaps. Also Included Is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
viewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclu-
sions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Ni-
trogen organic compounds, Toxicology, Residues,
Ecology, Chemistry, 'Vltavax, Oxathiin carboxanllide/
dlhydro-methyl, Path of pollutants.
PB82-133463 PC A08
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Method Allowing to Identify Ultimata Develop-
ment Thresholds from th« View Point of the Pro-
tection of the Natural Envlroment (Including Ex-
perimental Tasting of tht Method on the Area of
the Prevailing Tourist Activity). Final rept.,
Instytut Ksztaltowania Srodowlska, Krakow (Poland).
Maria Baranowska-Janota, and Jerzy Kozlowskl. Oct
81,198p EPA-908/5-81-004A
See also Appendices, PB82-133471. Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
The report describes the adaptation of threshold anal-
ysis to environmental planning, with particular empha-
sis on planning to reduce the Impacts of recreation use
on park lands. The technique seeks to define 'ultimate'
environmental thresholds' or stress limits beyond
which an ecosystem would not be capable of returning
to Its original conditions and balance. The report de-
scribes the application of this technique In develop-
ment of a Physical Plan for the Tatra National Park lo-
cated In the Carpathian Mountains in Southern Poland.
Keywords: 'Natural resources, 'Parks, 'Recreation,
Environmental Impacts, Damage, Vegetation, Wildlife,
Water supply, Planning, Capacity, Protection, Forest
land, Poland, 'Tatra National Park, 'Ecosystems,
Tourism, 'Visitors.
PB82-133471 PC A05
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Method Allowing to Identify Ultimate Develop-
ment Thresholds from the View Point of the Pro-
tection of the Natural Environment (Including Ex-
perimental Testing of the Method on the Area of
the Prevailing Tourist Activity). Appendices. Final
rept.,
Instytut Ksztaltowania Srodowlska, Krakow (Poland).
Maria Baranowska-Janota, and Jerzy Kozlowskl. Oct
81,93pEPA-908/5-81-004B
See also PB82-133463.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The appendices to EPA Report no. 908/5-81-004A
(Method Allowing to Identify Ultimate Development
Thresholds from the New Point of the Protection of the
Natural Environment) describe the application of
threshold analysis to fauna, relief and flora, and dis-
cuss interviews and field work undertaken by the au-
thors in conjunction with the study.
Keywords: 'Natural resources, 'Parks, 'Recreation,
National parks, Wildlife, Damage, Environmental Im-
pacts, Vegetation, Terrain, Interviews, Protection,
Poland, 'Visitors, 'Habitats, Hiking, Camping.
PB82-133489 PC A03/MF A01
Population Risks from Uranium Ore Bodies.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
W. Alexander Williams. Oct 80,38p EPA-520/3-80-
009
This report estimates the minimum radiological re-
leases and potential Impact of deep-lying uranium ore,
so that they may be compared with projected releases
and Impacts from radioactive waste. Uranium concen-
tration and groundwater flow rates are used as Input
data for three models developed by EPA for analyzing
the Impact of high-level radioactive waste. One set of
data Is obtained from some ore bodies which are being
mined by the In situ solution process. Another, the min-
imum impact case, Is obtained by using conservative
data on uranium concentrations in uranlferous ground-
waters In conjunction with a model aquifer developed
by EPA.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, Risk, Radioactive
contaminants, Estimates,
Concentratton(Compo8ltlon), Ground water, Radium,
Models.'Hearth risks.
PB82-133S62 PC A06/MF A01
Coumaphoa (O,O-dlethyl O-(3-chloro-4-methyl-2-
oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl) phosphorothloate:
Pesticide Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Jun81,115p* EPA-540/RS-81-013
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tratlon of pesticide products containing O,O-diethylO-
(3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-l -benzopyran-7-yl) phos-
phorothloate (Coumaphos), Including now to register
under a registration standard, regulatory position and
rationale, and summaries of data requirements and
data gaps. Also included is a bibliography containing
citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at
the positions and conclusions contained In the stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chlorine organic
compounds, Regulations, Toxicology, Residues, Ecol-
ogy, Chemistry, 'Co-Ral, Phosphorothioic acid/chloro-
methyl-oxo-benzopyranyl-(dletnyl-ester), Path of pol-
lutants.
PB82-133570 PC A06/MF A01
Ammonium Sulfamate: Pesticide Registration
Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Apr81,115p* EPA-540/RS-81/012
This document contains information regarding reregls-
tratlon of pesticide products containing Ammonium
Sulfamate, including now to register under a registra-
tion standard, regulatory position and rationale, and
summaries of data requirements and data gaps. Also,
included is a bibliography containing citations of all
studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions
and conclusions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
Industrial hygiene, 'Animate, Ammonium sulfamate,
Path of pollutants.
PB82-133638 PC A08/MF A01
Olalifor (O, O-dlethyl S-(2-chloro-1-phthallml-
doethyl) phosphorodithioate): Pesticide Reglstra-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug81,175pEPA-540/RS-81-014
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing O.O-diethylS-
(2-chloro-1-phthalimidoethyl) phosphorodithioate (Dla-
llfor), Including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of data requirements and data gaps. Also In-
cluded Is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained In the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Torak, Phosphoro-
dtthtolcacld/(diethyl-e8ter)-(Chloro-phthalimido-ethyr),
Path of pollutants.
PB82-133846 PC AOS/MF A01
Sulprofoe (O-Ethyl O-(4-(methylthlo)phenyi) S-
propyl phosphorodithioate): Pesticide Registra-
tion Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug81,95pEPA-540/RS-81-008
This document contains Information regarding reregls-
tration of pesticide products containing Sulphofos
(Bolster), including how to register under the registra-
tion standard, regulatory position and rationale, and
summaries of data requirements and data gaps. Also
Included Is a bibliography containing citations of all
studies reviewed by EPA In arriving at the positions
and conclusions contained In the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations,
Sulfur organic compounds, Chemistry, Toxicology,
Residues, Ecology. 'Sulphofos, Phosphorodithloic
acid/(ethyl-e8ter)-((methylthio)-phenyl)-prapyl, Path of
pollutants.
December 1983 1215
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-134066 PC E10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Evaluation of Existing Marine Intertidal and Shal-
low SubtkM Biologic Data,
Mathematical Sciences Northwest, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Judith E. Zeh, Jonathan P. Houghton, and Dennis C.
Lees. Jul 81,278p EPA-600/7-81 -036
Prepared in cooperation with Dames and Moore, Seat-
tle, WA. Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Seattle, WA. Includes two
sheets of microfiche.
This study was initiated in order to evaluate a large set
of marine intertidal and shallow subtidal biologic data
collected in two baseline study programs in the marine
waters of northwestern Washington between 1974
and 1979. This report summarizes and compares
methodologies. Communities in three broad habitat
categorizations-rocky intertidal, soft substrate interti-
dal, and subtidal-were examined by means of cluster
analysis. For the intertidal habitats, numerical assem-
blage parameters such as richness, btomass, and di-
versity were computed and examined by means of
multiple regression and analysis of variance to fulfill
the first study objective.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Marine biology, 'Oil pollution,
•Puget sound, Sampling, Intertidal zone, Substrates,
Regression analysis, Biomass, Populations, Environ-
mental impacts. Abundance, Distribution(Property),
'Habitats, Oil spills.
PB82-134081 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Modal Noise Control Provisions for Building
Codes and an Implementation Manual,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge. MA.
A. S. Harris, D. S. Keast N. P. Miller, and f. J. Schuttz.
Aug 81,105p EPA-550/9-81 -401
A model municipal noise control code for buildings has
been developed. Also included is an implementation
manual for this code. The provisions of the code were
developed with three objectives in mind. First, they at-
tempt to minimize the adverse health and welfare ef-
fects of intruding noise without requiring the construc-
tion of economically unreasonable buildings. Proposed
standards for the outdoor reduction of note levels are
achievable with existing materials and construction
techniques. Secondly, enforcement for the review of
plans and for the acceptance of completed buildings
are described. Thirdly, this material should help turS-
dtetions develop a process of administration and en-
forcement that is compatible with existing building
code procedures. The model provisions of the pro-
posed buNoIng code contain performance standards.
These standards are administered and enforced by
review of plans and inspections during and after con-
struction of buddings.
Keywords: 'Notee(Sound). 'Noise reduction, 'Building
codas. Acoustic measurement. Environmental engi-
neering. Performance standards, Acoustic Insulation,
Noise pollution, 'Noise levels.
lines, Leakage, 'Ocean circulation, 'Oil spills, MESA
project.
— (-134090 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineerfog and Technology.
Cfrcdtfon and Trajectory Calculations In the
Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca Using a COOAR
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
BouUer, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
A. S. Fnsch, and B. L Weber. May 81 , 29p EPA-600/7-
81 -089
During the summer of 1978 and 1979, the surface cur-
rents of the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca were
mapped with a high frequency radar system. This
system measures surface currents over several hun-
dred square kilometers. In this study, the authors have
used data from both years to make a composite pic-
ture of the tidal flow over an area covered by the radar
in aJ the experiments. In addffion, because of the po-
tential impact from an oil teak along the path of a pro-
posed ofl pipeline, the authors have simulated a con-
tinuous retease of a material and computed a trajecto-
ry for a no-wind condrtkxi.
Keywords: Tidal currents, 'Ocean currents, 'Oil pol-
Mfan. 'Juan de Fuca Strait, Radar mapping. Trajector-
ies, Simulation. Numerical analysis. Petroleum pipe-
1216 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB82-134107 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Improvement of Hot-Side Preclpltator Perform-
ance with Sodium Condltlonlng-An Interim
Report. Journal article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. P. Gooch, R. E. Bfekelhaupt, G. H. Merchant, Jr, R.
D. McRanie, and L. E. Sparks. Mar 81, 9p EPA-600/J-
81-482
Pub. in Air Pollution Control Association Jnl, v31 n3
Mar 81. Prepared in cooperation with Electric Power
Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
The article reports on a research project (sponsored
by EPA, EPRI, and Southern Company Services) to
evaluate sodium conditioning as a possible solution to
performance deficiency problems encountered at a
number of major utility plants during the development
of an unexpected, time-dependent degradation of per-
formance of hot-side electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)
collecting ash from certain coals (usually low-sodium
tow-sulfur coals). The article concludes that sodium
conditioning produced by sodium sulfate addition to
the coal supply is an effective way to improve the per-
formance of a hot-side ESP which has undergone the
sodium-depletion high-resistivity pattern of perform-
ance deterioration. Although the reported results are
believed to be of general significance, certain charac-
teristics of the operating parameters at Gulf Power
Co.'s Lansing Smith plant are noteworthy with regard
to the success of the conditioning process. First ash
concentration and composition, and boiler design, al-
lowed the addition of the required amount of sodium
without creating boiler operating problems. Secondly,
the calcium content of the coal was moderate, and
there is some evidence that high calcium concentra-
tions would require more sodium addition for the same
degree of resistivity reduction. Applicability of the proc-
ess for other ash chemistries and operating conditions
remains to be determined.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Electro-
static precipitators, Performance evaluation, Sodium,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Electric
power plants, Fly ash, Reprints, Coal fired power
plants, 'Hot side precipitators.
PB82-134115 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of On-Going and Completed Remedial
Action Projects. Final rept Apr-Oct 80,
SCS Engineers, Covington, KYi
N. Neely. D. GilNaspie, F. Schauf, and J. Walsh. Sep 81,
242pEPA-600/241-246
Contract EPA-68-01-4885
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
During the summer of 1980, a nationwide survey was
conducted to determine the status of remedial actions
applied at uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal
sites. Over 130 individuals were contacted to obtain in-
formation on such remedial action projects. A total of
169 sites were subsequently identified as having been
subject to corrective action. Remedial actions were
found to have been Implemented at many kinds of haz-
ardous waste disposal facilities including drum storage
areas, incinerators, and injection wells, but most fre-
quently landfill/dumps and surface impoundments. At
the sites receiving such remedial actions, ground
water was found to be the most commonly affected
media, followed closely by surface water. Although
several types of remedial measures were identified, re-
medial activities usually consisted of containment
and/or removal of the hazardous waste. Sufficient
money was often not available for complete environ-
mental cleanup (e.g., extraction and treatment*. The
survey determined mat a lack of sufficient funds and/
or selection of improper technologies was responsible
for remedial actions having been applied effectively at
only a portion of the uncontrolled hazardous waste dis-
posal sites. Nine sites were studied in detail to docu-
ment typical pollution problems and remedial actions
at uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Surveys, Earth fills, Incinerators.
Drums(Containers), Storage. Injection wells, Ground
water, Water pollution, Transport properties, Technol-
ogy, 'Solid wastes, 'Liquid wastes.
PB82-134347 PC A09/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard: Chloramben (3
amlno 2,5-dichlorobenzolc acid).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul81,180p* EPA-540/RS-81-015
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing 3 amino 2,5-
dichlorobenzoic acid (Chloramben), including how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Ecol-
ogy, Chemistry, Residues, Manufacturing, Toxicology,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Amiben, Benzoic acid/
amino-chloro, Path of pollutants.
PB82-134404 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Scavenging of Aerosol Particles by Precipitation.
Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Atmospheric Sci-
ences.
Lawrence F. Radke, Peter V. Hobbs, and Mark W.
Eltgroth. 23 Mar 80,10p CONTRIB-534, EPA-600/J-
80-355
Grant EPA-R-805203
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v19 n6 p715-722
Jun 80.
Airborne measurements have been made of aerosol
particle size distributions (>0.01 micrometer) in aged
air masses, in the plumes from several coal power
plants and a large Kraft paper mill, and in the emis-
sions from a volcano, before and after rain or snow
showers. These measurements have been used to
deduce the precipitation scavenging collection effi-
ciencies of aerosol particles ranging in size from ap-
proximately equal to 0.01 to 10 micrometers diameter.
Despite large variations in the nature of the aerosol
particles and the precipitation, the scavenging collec-
tion efficiencies as a function of particle size showed
marked similarities, with some well-defined maxima
and minima values. The measurements agree well with
theoretical calculations for aerosol particles use than 1
micrometer, but for the submicron aerosol particles the
scavenging collection efficiencies are generally much
higher, and the region of very low scavenging efficien-
cies (the 'scavenging gap') much narrower, than cur-
rent theories predict Some possible explanations for
these discrepancies are suggested.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particle size distribution,
•Paper industry. Electric power plants, Plumes, Aero-
sols, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sulfate
pulping, Reprints, 'Coal fired power plants.
PB82-134750 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Assessment of VOC Emissions from Well Vents
Associated wtth Thermally Enhanced OH Recov-
ery. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. E. Harris, K. W. Lee, S. M. Dennis, C. D. Anderson,
andD.L. Lewis. 13 Sep81,121p* DCN-81-240-016-
09-12, EPA-909/9-81-003
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
The objective of this document is to provide improved
data for determining the inventory of VOC emissions
from wellhead casing vents associated with thermally
enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) in California, Both
steam drive and cyclic steam wells are examined in
terms of emissions and population. The study concen-
trates on Kern County. The details of a testing program
conducted to determine the emissions from cyclic
steam wells are presented, along with the results of a
survey of the characteristics of the well, the producing
field, and the steaming operation. The results of corre-
lation studies are also presented. An emission factor
for cyclic wells is developed. The data base presented
consists of a survey of 358 wells of which 58 were
quantitatively tested. Emission data for steam drive
wells is presented in the form of compliance tests for
vapor recovery systems associated with steam drive
operations. This report presents a summary of the ap-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plicable test data which was found and an emission
factor developed from that data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, California, Hydrocarbons, As-
sessments, Sources, Sampling, Gas analysis, Quality
assurance, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Chemical analysis, 'Oil wells, 'Enhanced recovery,
'Volatile organic compounds, Air pollution detection,
Emission factors, Air pollution sampling.
PB82-134768 PC A02/MF A01
The Rote of Conservation Districts and the Agri-
cultural Community In Wastewater Land Treat-
ment Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Sep81,25pMCD-82, EPA-430/9-81-019
This booklet is intended to help municipal officials, on
the one hand, and conservation districts, local land-
owners and tne agricultural community recognize the
opportunities for coordinated action on wastewater
management. Subsequent sections of the report pro-
vide basic information about different land treatment
technologies, with the most attention given to
wastewater irrigation-the approach with most direct
retevence to agriculture. Brief case histories of cooper-
ative efforts between landowners and municipalities
are provided, many of them involving the active partici-
pation of a local conservation district.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, Farms,
Waste water reuse, Filtration, Soil properties, Ground
water, Water conservation, 'Land application,
'Sewage irrigation.
PB82-135989 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
OflD Extramural Program Guide FY 1981,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Richard Laska. Nov 80,90p EPA-600/9-80-052
The Program Guide provides the public with informa-
tion on the Office of Research and Development's cur-
rent extramural research program and serves as a
guide to Office of Research and Development's key
personnel. This publication is updated each fiscal year.
Keywords: 'National government, 'Research projects,
Environments, Pollution, Grants, Financial manage-
ment, Research management
PB82-136102 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Technology and Economics in Environ-
mental Perspective. Task VI - A Survey of Plasti-
dzers: Epoxies, Linear Polyesters, and Trimelll-
tates. Final rept,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Thomas W. Lapp, Charles E. Mumma, and Joseph
Chaszar. Nov 81,74p* 4441 -T(6), EPA-560/2-81 -006
Contract EPA-68-01-3896
See also PB-266 181.
Study investigated the published literature for selected
areas in three classes of plastcizers: epoxies, linear
polyesters, and trimellitates. Areas of interest included
physical and chemical properties, production and use,
health and environmental effects, and plasticizer inter-
changeability. Current production methods, sites, arid
annual volumes are presented for each class. Little in-
formation is available in the published literature on
health effects. No occupational standards exist for any
of the three classes. Unpublished health data are
available for selected tests from manufacturers for
specific materials. Environmental effects were limited
to static fish toxicrty studies for two trimellitates and
studies of fungal and bacterial growth with epoxies and
linear polyesters. Both classes of plasticizers are very
susceptible to fungal and bacterial attack.
Keywords: 'Plasticizers, 'Environmental surveys,
Manufacturing, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Utilization, Public health, Epoxy resins, Sites, Pol-
yester resins, Fishes, Toxicity, Chemical industry, Heat
resistant plastics, Industrial hygiene, Surveys, Method-
ology, Degradation, Polyvinyl chloride, Trimellitates.
PB82-136243 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sludge Composting and Utilization: Rational Ap-
proach to Process Control. Final rept.,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ. Dept. of
Environmental Science.
M. S. Finstein, J. Cirello, S. T. MacGregor, F. C. Miller,
and K. M. Psarianos. Jan 80,221 p RUTGERS/COOK/
ES-81-1
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., New Jersey Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Protection, Trenton, City of Camden, and
Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority.
The interaction between microbial heat output (at the
expense of the waste being treated) and temperature
was identified as the fundamental factor in controlling
the composting process. The concept was implement-
ed by means of a temperature feedback control
system in conjunction with forced pressure ventilation.
Field trials involved raw sewage sludge mixed with
woodchips, on a scale of up to 20-ton piles. The new.
process, which is presently available technology, is
called the 'Rutgers static pile composting process'.
Some of its advantages are as follows: A starting mois-
ture content of 75 percent is decreased to 25 percent
in 12 days; This tendency to dry represents the decom-
position of putrescible (odor-causing) organic matter;
No condensate is produced; The need for a curing
stage can be assessed in terms of specific, objective
criteria; The process is operationally flexible to meet
the vagaries of environmental regulation; The drying
tendency might be exploited in the preparation of bio-
mass-derived fuel.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Fuels, Moisture content, Utilization, Aerobic process-
es, Technology, Composts, Biomass, Performance
evaluation, Bacteria, Microorganisms, 'Rutgers com-
posting process, Solid wastes.
PB82-136334 PC E19
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
ing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement
Jun81,491p-in5v
Set includes PB82-136342 through PB82-136383.
No abstract available.
PB82-136342 PC A04/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
ing: Overview.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement
Jun81,66p
See also PB81-136359.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E19, PB82-
136334.
This document is part of a set of five documents which
make up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Compliance Monitoring Training Pro-
gram. Trie training modules were developed by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (OWEP), to instruct NPDES
inspectors in various aspects of conducting NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. The report is an
overview which examines compliance inspections.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Water pollution
control, Monitoring, Waste water, Licenses, Inspec-
tion.
PB82-136359 PC A05/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
ing: Legal Issues.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement
Jun81.97p
See also PB82-136342, and PB82-136367.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E19, PB82-
136334.
This document is part of a set of five documents which
make up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Compliance Monitoring Training Pro-
gram. The training modules were developed by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (OWEP), to instruct NPDES
inspectors in various aspects of conducting NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. The training
module describes the legal issues.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Water pollution
control, Legislation, Licenses, Law enforcement. In-
spection.
PB82-136367 PC A05/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
Ing: Biomonitoring.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement.
Jun81,97p
See also PB82-136359, and PB82-136375.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E19, PB82-
136334.
This document is part of a set of five documents which
make up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Compliance Monitoring Training Pro-
gram. The training modules were developed by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (OWEP), to instruct NPDES
inspectors in various aspects of conducting NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. The training
module describes biomonitoring procedures.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Water pollution
control, Inspection, Monitoring, Toxicity, Indicator spe-
cies, Tests, Bioassay.
PB82-136375 PC A04/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
Ing: Sampling Procedures.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement.
Jun81,65p
See also PB82-136367, and PB82-136383.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E19, PB82-
136334.
This document is part of a set of five documents which
make up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Compliance Monitoring Training Pro-
gram. The training modules were developed by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (OWEP), to instruct NPDES
inspectors in various aspects of conducting NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. The training
module is on sampling procedures.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Water pollution
control, Sampling, Inspection, Collecting methods,
Samplers, Automatic control.
PB82-136383 PC A08/MF A01
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Train-
ing: Laboratory Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement.
Jun81,166p
See also PB82-136375.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E19, PB82-
136334.
This document is part of a set of five documents which
make up the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Compliance Monitoring Training Pro-
gram. The training modules were developed by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (OWEP), to instruct NPDES
inspectors in various aspects of conducting NPDES
Compliance Monitoring Inspections. The training
module describes procedures for laboratory analysis.
Keywords: 'Instructional materials, 'Water pollution
control, Laboratories, Evaluation, Inspection, Chemi-
cal analysis, Test methods, Laboratory equipment
PB82-136490 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement for Final Inter-
state Rail Carrier Noise Emission Regulation:
Source Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 79,11p EPA-550/9-79-211
This document describes the expected environmental
impacts and benefits of the national regulation, issued
under Section 17 of the Noise Control Act of 1972, to
reduce the level of noise emitted by active retarders,
locomotive load cell test stands, car coupling, and
switcher locomotives. The document briefly summa-
December 1983 1217
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rizes the regulation and details the expected environ-
mental impacts and benefits of the action.
Keywords: "Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Envtonmen-
tal impact statements, Railroad cars, Locomotives,
Acoustic measurement, Noise reduction, Regulations,
"Noise sources.
PB82-136508 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Procedure for Assessing Impact on Public Health
and Welfare Due to Noise Emitted by Household
and Consumer Products. Final repL,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Simone Y. Yaniv, Daniel R. Flynn, Daniel M. Cortey,
and Marilyn A, Cadoff. Sep 80,154p NBSIR-80-
2137(R)
Sponsored hi part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
This report documents the development of a concep-
tual model, and a computer program for its implemen-
tation, for assessing the aggregate impact of noise
from household and consumer products on the health
and welfare of the national population. The computer
program requires input data on population, time utiliza-
tion, dwelling type, noise isolation in dwellings, product
noise emission, and product utilization.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Public health, •Environ-
mental impacts. Acoustic measurement Computer
programs. Consumers, 'Consumer products, 'House-
hold appliances.
PB82-136516 PC A14/MF A01
Review of Criteria for Vapor-Phase Hydrocar-
bons. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Beveny E. Tdton, and Robert M. Bruce. Oct 81,302p
EPA-600/8-81-022
Information on vapor-phase hydrocarbons presented
in this document covers basic atmospheric chemistry
relative to secondary products, especially ozone;
sources and emissions; ambient air concentrations; re-
lationship of precursor hydrocarbons to resultant
ozone levels in ambient air; health effects; and welfare
effects. The principal conclusions from this document
are as follows. Hydrocarbons are a principal contribu-
tor to the formation of ozone and other photochemical
oxidants; however, no fixed single quantitative rela-
tionship between precursor hydrocarbons and result-
ing ozone concentrations can be defined. This rela-
tionship varies from site to site depending on local pre-
cursor mixes, transport considerations, and meteoro-
logical factors. Consequently no single quantitative re-
lationship can be defined nationwide. White specific
hydrocarbon compounds can be of concern to public
health and welfare, as a class this group of materials
cannot be considered a hazard to human health or
welfare at or even well above those concentrations ob-
served in the ambient air.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution, Reviews,
Ozone. Sources, Public health,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB82-136847 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati.
OH.
Mortis. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Envronmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. P. Esposito, T. O. Tieman, and Forrest E. Dryden.
Ncv 80,371p* EPA-600/2-80-197
Contracts EPA-68-03-2577, EPA-68-03-2659
Sponsored in part by Contract EPA-68-03-2579. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Wright State Univ., Dayton,
OH., and Walk, Haydel and Associates, Inc., New Orle-
ans, LA.
This report deals with a group of hazardous chemical
compounds known as cBoxins. The extreme toxicity of
one of these chemicals, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-dioxin
(2A7.8-TCDD), has been a concern of both scientific
researchers and the public for many years. The sheer
mass of pubSshed information that has resulted from
this concern has created difficulties in assessing the
overafl scope of the dtoxin problem. In this report, the
1218 Vol. 83, No. 26
voluminous data on 2,3,7,8-TCDD and other dioxins
are summarized and assembled in a manner that
allows comparison of related observations from many
sources; thus, the report serves as a comprehensive
guide in evaluation of the environmental hazards of
dioxins. Sections 2 and 3 present detailed information
on the chemistry and sources of dioxins. Various
routes of formation of dioxins are discussed, and the
possible presence of doxins in basic organic chemi-
cals and pesticides is addressed. Section 4 details the
development of an analytical method for detecting
part-per-trillion levels of dioxins in industrial wastes.
Sections 5 through 8 discuss routes of human expo-
sure to dioxins, including accounts of public and occu-
pational exposure, and the health effects, environmen-
tal degradation, transport, and disposal of dioxins.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Pesticides, Manu-
facturing, Synthesis(Chemistry), Public health, Industri-
al wastes, Chemical analysis, Sources, Exposure,
Transport properties, Decontamination, 'Dioxins,
Dtoxin/dibenzo-tetrachloro, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms.
PB82-136979 PC A19/MF A01
Noise Emission Standards for Construction
Equipment Proposed Wheel and Crawler Tractor
Noise Emission Regulation. Part 1. Draft Environ-
mental Impact Statement, Economic Impact State-
ment Part 2. Background Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jun 77,432p EPA-550/9-77-250
This document presents an assessment of the expect-
ed environmental benefits and economic effects of the
Proposed Noise Emission Regulations for Wheel and
Crawler Tractors. The information presented includes
the statutory basis for the action, a summary of the
proposed regulation, a description of the existing
wheel and crawler tractor environment the alterna-
tives considered, the expected environmental bene-
fits, the expected economic effects, and conclusions.
In addition, this document presents the background in-
formation used by EPA in developing proposed regula-
tions to limit the noise emissions from new wheel and
crawler tractors, including: the industry and the prod-
uct measurement methodology, baseline noise levels,
health and welfare benefits, noise control technology,
economic analysis, enforcement actions and existing
State, local and foreign regulations.
Keywords: 'Tractors, 'Noise pollution, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements-draft, Construction equipment
Noise reduction, Economic impact Regulations,
Crawler tractors, Wheel tractors.
PB82-137514 PC A08/MF A01
Aluminum Phosphide: Pesticide Registration
Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct81,153p
Contents:
How to register under a registration standard;
Regulatory position;
Summary of data requirements;
Product chemistry;
Environmental fate;
Toxicology;
Residue chemistry;
Ecological effects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Phosphorus inor-
ganic compounds, Regulations, Chemistry, Toxicol-
ogy, Residues. Ecology, 'Aluminum phosphide. Path
of pollutants.
PB82-137555 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed
Revision to RaH Carrier Noise Emission Regula-
tion (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
6 Feb 79,10p EPA-550/9-78-207
This Environmental Impact Statement addresses the
proposed noise emission regulation for railroad activi-
ties, other than line-haul operations. In arriving at the
proposed regulation, the Agency carried out detailed
investigations of railroad yard operations, noise
sources, noise measurement methodologies, available
noise control technology, costs attendant to noise
control methods, possible economic impacts, and the
potential environmental and health and welfare bene-
fits associated with the application of various noise
control measures. Data and information were generat-
ed as a result of these investigations. Summaries are
presented of the more pertinent information regarding
the environmental impacts expected to result from the
proposed action.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements, Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement, Economic analysis, Environmental en-
gineering, Railroad cars, Locomotives, Regulations,
'Noise sources, 'Railyards.
PB82-137563 PC A21/MF A01
Background Document for Proposed Revision to
Rail Carrier Noise Emission Regulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Feb 79,491 p EPA-550/9-78-207
See also PB-251 173.
This document provides the data and information de-
veloped in support of the proposed revision to the rail
carrier noise emission regulation. The revision pro-
posed to include standards that limit noise emissions
from the operations of equipment and facilities of inter-
state rail carriers. The document presents information
and data to support imposition of a property-line type
regulatory standard, and standards for specific pieces
of railroad equipment or operation of equipment The
Background Document discusses an industry profile,
an identification and classification of railroad equip-
ment and facilities, baseline noise emissions, noise
control technology, health and welfare impacts, and
cost and economic impacts.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements, Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement Economic analysis, Environmental en-
gineering, Railroad cars, Locomotives, Regulations,
Noise sources, 'Railyards.
PB82-137571 PC A99/MF A01
Background Document for Final Interstate Rail
Carrier Noise Emission Regulation: Source Stand-
ards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 79,673p EPA-550/9-79-210
This document details the scope, context and breadth
of work conducted in the development of the final
noise emission regulation for four railyard sources:
active retarders, locomotive load cell test stands, car
coupling, and switched locomotives. The Background
Document discusses the physical and economic char-
acteristics of the raijroad industry, railroad equipment
and facilities, baseline noise levels of railroad yard
noise sources, 'best available technology' to reduce
noise emissions from railyard noise sources, results of
the railroad yard noise propagation model and poten-
tial health and welfare benefits associated with various
noise control measures, the costs attendant to noise
control methods, and comments submitted to the
docket
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Environmen-
tal impact statements, Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement Economic analysis, Environmental en-
gineering, Railroad cars, Locomotives, Regulations,
Noise sources, * Railyards.
PB82-137621 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Use of Aquatic Oligochaete, 'Lumbriculus varlega-
tus', for Effluent Btomonrtoring. Industrial environ-
mental research brief,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept, of Biological Scienc-
es.
C. Evan Homig. Dec 80,11 p* EPA-600/D-80-005
Contract EPA-68-03-2619
The report describes a simple, inexpensive static bio-
assay technique using the aquatic oligcnaete (earth-
worm), Lumbriculus variegatus (Muller), to screen
cooling-water effluents for environmental toxicity. (Bio-
logical approaches to the early detection of toxic
agents in industrial effluents and receiving waters gen-
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
erally require complex techniques and equipment, and
are often impractical for use in self-monitoring pro-
grams or large-scale monitoring networks.) The new
method requires only the test organism, holding con-
tainers, and temperature control. The test organisms
are readily available, require little preparation and
maintenance, and are sensitive to a variety of toxi-
cants. Study findings demonstrate the organism's sen-
sitivity to the widely used biocide, sodium pentachloro-
phenate (96-hour LC50 of 0.57 ppm), and to actual in-
dustrial wastes. While further refinement and testing
will be required, this simple bioassay appears to hold
considerable promise for cost-efficient pre-screening
of toxic changes in cooling-water effluents.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Indicator species, 'Worms,
"Toxicology, Detection, Cooling water, Annelida, Sen-
sitivity, Effluents, Lumbriculus variegatus, Bioindica-
tors, Toxic substances, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-137654 PC A02/MF A01
Initial Toxicologlcal Assessment of Ambush,
Bolero, Bux, Dursban, Fentrifanll, Larvln, and
Pydrin: Static Acute Toxiclty Tests with Selected
Estuartne Algae, Invertebrates, and Fish. Rept. for
May79-Aug81,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Patrick W. Borthwick, and Gerald E. Walsh. Sep 81,
13p*EPA-600/4-81-076
Selected static toxicity tests were conducted with
Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dursban, Fentrifanil, Larvin, and
Pydrin to determine the sensitivity of species repre-
senting four major phyla. Algal bioassays were con-
ducted with marine algae to determine the concentra-
tion of pesticide that would inhibit population growth by
50% in 96 h. Static toxicity tests with mollusk larvae
estimated the concentration of pesticide that would
cause 50% of the exposed larvae to develop abnor-
mally in 48 h. Static acute lethality tests with crusta-
ceans and fish determined the concentration of pesti-
cide that is lethal to 50% of the test organisms during a
96-h exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Bioassay, Sensi-
tivity, Algae, Concentration(Composition), Inhibitors,
Exposure, Mollusca, Carbamates, Lethal dosage,
*Toxte substances, Bux ten insecticide, Dursban,
Ambush, Bolero, Fentrifanil, Larvin, Pydrin.
PB82-137662 PC A03/MF A01
Performance Tests for the Evaluation of Comput-
erized Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Equipment and Laboratories,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
William L Budde, and James W. Eichelberger. Apr 80,
43p EPA-600/4-80-025
A series of ten general purpose tests are described
which are used to evaluate the performance of com-
puterized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
systems. All of the tests use the continuous, repetitive
measurement of spectra method of data acquisition,
and no selected ion monitoring tests are included.
Evaluation criteria are given with each performance
test Some of the tests go beyond equipment perform-
ance, and may be used to evaluate the performance of
laboratories using GC/MS for organics analysis.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrosco-
py, 'Organic compounds, 'Environmental surveys.
Performance evaluation, Laboratory equipment, Pro-
cedures, Computer applications.
PB82-137670 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA. Envi-
ronmental Services Div.
Environmental Monitoring for EKMA Modeling of
Nashville, Tennessee and Louisville, Kentucky.
Final rept 1 Jul-19 Sep 81,
Dames and Moore, Atlanta, GA.
Richard R. Boyd, Ervin N. Yawn, and Edward R.
Golaszewski. Nov81,138p 09094-140-07, EPA/904/
9-81-089
Contract EPA-68-02-3508
During the period July 1, 1981 through September 15,
1981, ambient air data collection was conducted in the
greater Nashville, Tennessee and Louisville, Kentucky
metropolitan areas. The data collected included non-
methane organic compounds (NMOC), CH4, NO, NOx,
O3, wind direction, and wind speed, arid are to be used
in city-specific EKMA modeling of the ozone nonattain-
ment areas that encompass these cities. The data
were collected under an approved quality control plan
with a quality assurance program that provided a quan-
titative assessment of the precision and accuracy of
the validated data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Methane, Nitrogen
oxide(NO), Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Monitoring, Or-
ganic compounds, Sites, Tennessee, Kentucky,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
*Nashville(Tennessee), 'Louisville(Kentucky), 'Air
quality data, 'EKMA models, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB82-137779 PC A03/MF A01
The Federal Nonnuelear Energy Research and De-
velopment Act (P.L 93-577) Section 11, Environ-
mental Evaluation. Background Document for Na-
tional Hearings, October 3-5, 1979, Washington,
DC,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Gregory Ondich. Sep 79,42p EPA-600/9-79-033
Under Section 11 of the Federal Nonnuelear Energy
Research and Development Act, the Environmental
Protection Agency is responsible for assessing 'the
adequacy of attention to energy conservation methods
and environmental protection...and the environmental
consequences of the application of energy technol-
ogies'. The 1973 Section 11 activities examine the De-
partment of Energy management process relating to
environmental planning and assessment for energy
technology projects. This pro-hearing document sum-
marizes the concerns and questions raised at a series
of workshops held in July 1979 as well as EPA's own
analysis of how environmental concerns are incorpo-
rated into DOE's Management System. The document
is intended to provide a focus for further thought and
discussion at a National Hearing in October 1979. The
substance of the analysis and the discussions are to
be used in completing the 1979 Section 11 Report to
the President, the Secretary of Energy and Congress.
Keywords: 'Legislation, Environmental impacts, Deci-
sion making, Management planning, 'Federal Nonnu-
elear Energy Research and Development Act, Energy
policy, Energy source development.
PB82-137811 PCA03/MFA01
Health Risks to Distant Populations from Uranium
Mill Tailings Radon. Technical rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Div. of
Criteria and Standards.
Jerry J. Swift. May 81,40p* ORP/TAD-80-1
Uranium mill tailing piles can expose the population to
radiation by several pathways. The author believes the
air pathway to be the most important and radon-222 to
be the principal nuclide. The report illustrates the ef-
fects of tailings piles on a variety of local and regional
populations, assesses the effects of the tailings on dis-
tant populations, and compares EPA methods and re-
sults with assessments by others.
Keywords: 'Radiation hazards, 'Health physics, Risk,
Exposure, 'Uranium mills, 'Mill tailings, 'Radon 222,
'Health risks, Radioactive aerosols, Environmental
health.
PB82-137894 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Analysis of the Amendment to Delete 'Engine
Brake' Deceleration Testing from the Medium and
Heavy Truck Noise Regulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
May 77,75p EPA-550/9-77-200
A presentation of the questions posed and an assess-
ment of the issues related to the consideration of the
amendment to delete deceleration testing from the
medium and heavy truck noise regulation (40 CFR
205) is reported. Although noise emissions from
engine brake operation are unique in character, it ap-
pears that noise control using engine exhaust muffling
for the vehicle acceleration mode also reduces engine
brake deceleration sound levels. Economic impacts of
vehicle deceleration testing using engine brakes
appear minimal if engine brakes are installed at the
point of manufacture. The report contains EPA Regu-
latory Docket No. ONAC 77-3 exhibiting all comments
submitted by interested parties.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Braking, 'Noise pollution. Engine
mufflers, Noise reduction, Regulations, Jacobs engine
brakes.
PB82-137902 PC A99
Official Docket for Proposed Revision to Rail Car-
rier Noise Emission Regulation: Part I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 79,823p EPA-550/9-79-208-1
See also Part 2, PB82-137910.
This document, along with Parts II and III, provides
copies of comments submitted to the public docket for
the proposed revision to the rail carrier noise emission
regulation. Copies of comments from State agencies,
city/county governments, Federal agencies, private
citizens, industry, and associations are provided. In
total, 164 comments are presented in Parts I and II.
Parts I and II make up one document of comments re-
ceived during the official public comment period of
April 17, 1979 until July 2, 1979. Comments received
during the reopened public comment period, January
4, 1980 until April 4, 1980, are presented in Part III, a
separate document.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Regulations,
Environmental impacts, Noise reduction,
Law(Jurisprudence), Public opinion, Transportation
noise, Urban areas, 'Noise sources.
PB82-137910 PC A99
Official Docket for Proposed Revision to Rail Car-
rier Noise Emission Regulation: Part II.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 79,703p EPA-550/9-79-208-2
See also Part 1, PB82-137902, and Part 3, PB82-
137928.
This document, along with Parts I and III, provides
copies of comments submitted to the public docket for
the proposed revision to the rail carrier noise emission
regulation. Copies of comments from State agencies,
city/county governments, Federal agencies, private
citizens, industry, and associations are provided. In
total, 164 comments are presented in Parts I and II.
Parts I and II make up one document of comments re-
ceived during the official public comment period of
April 17, 1979 until July 2, 1979. Comments received
during the reopened public comment period, January
4, 1980 until April 4, 1980, are presented in Part III, a
separate document.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Regulations,
Environmental impacts, Noise reduction,
Law(Jurisprudence), Public opinion, Transportation
noise, Urban areas, 'Noise sources.
PB82-137928 PCA11
Official Docket for Proposed Revision to Rail Car-
rier Noise Emission Regulation: Part III.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jun 80,232p EPA-550/9-80-215
See also Part 2, PB82-137910.
This document, along with Parts I and II, provides
copies of comments submitted to the public docket for
the proposed revision to the rail carrier noise emission
regulation. Copies of comments received during the of-
ficial public comment period, April 17,1979 until July 2,
1979, are presented in Parts I and II. This document
presents those comments received during the re-
opened public comment period of January 4, 1980 to
April 4,1980, and those comments received between
July 2,1979 and January 4,1980. Comments present-
ed here were received from State agencies, city/
county governments, Federal agencies, private citi-
zens, industry, and asssociations. In total, 38 com-
ments are presented in this document.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Regulations,
Environmental impacts, Noise reduction,
Law(Jurisprudence), Public opinion, Transportation
noise, Urban areas, 'Noise sources.
PB82-138280 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
December 1983 1219
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Propagation of Urban Construction Site Notee
Along Street Corridors. Final rapt.
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Engineering Lab
Paul R. Donavan, and J. Craig Wyvill. Apr 79,48p
NBSIR-79-1594
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
An existing urban sound propagation model has been
applied to the specific problem of estimating the prop-
agation of noise from urban construction sites along
street corridors. Discussion summarizes the develop-
ment of the propagation model and computer pro-
grams used to estimate sound propagation. The prop-
agation model has been applied to five different con-
struction site orientations resulting from two city block
configurations. For each of the site orientations, the
estimated values of attenuation versus distance in the
streets surrounding individual sites are presented. As-
suming the sound level at the construction site is
known, the procedure to be used to determine sound
levels in the surrounding streets is also provided.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Construction, 'Noise pollu-
tion. Streets, Sound transmission, Site surveys. Acous-
tic measurement, 'Noise levels, Computer aided anal-
ysis.
PBS2-138520 CPT08
CAPDET (Computer Assisted Procedures for the
Design and Evaluation of Wastswater Treatment
Systems). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Shane L Tinkham, and Joyce Green. Fob 81, mag
tape EPA/DF-817008
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
CAPDET program provides a state-of-the-art tech-
nique for screening wastewater treatment alternatives
and for pretminaiy cost estimating and user charge as-
sessment Basic objective is providing a screening tool
capable of simultaneously designing a number of
wastewater treatment system alternatives meeting
specified effluent criteria and subsequently ranking
them on the basis of their present worth cost from
lowest to highest Conveyance costs are not
considered...Software Description: The model is writ-
ten in Fortran for implementation on an IBM 370/168
computer under OS/VS2.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Substitutes, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion. Assessments, Cost analysis, 'CAPDET computer
program, State of the art
PBS2-138702 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Comparison of Various Methods for PredteUng
thsLoudnes* and AcceptabHty of Notes. Part It
Effects of Sfwctnhf PsiltMn «MM! Tonsl Cotnpo-
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA.
B. Scharf, and R. HeHman. Nov 70,133p EPA-550/9-
79-102
See also PB81-243826.
The present report is a continuation of an earlier report
by Scharf. HeHman and Bauer (1977). The objectives
are (1) to determine whether subjective judgments of
particular types of noise, categorized by spectral
shape, are better approximated by some descriptors
(frequency weightings and calculation procedures)
than by others, and (2) to investigate the rote of tonal
components in these studfes and to assess the ade-
quacy of several tone-correction procedures. The
analysis of data by spectral shape produced a mixed
outcome.
Keywords: *Noise(Sound), 'Acoustic measurement,
Loudness. AcceptabMty, Sound pressure. Statistical
analysis, AurJtory perception. Noise reduction. Human
factors engineering.
PB82-138769 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Occupational Hearing Loss: Workers Compensa-
tion Under State and Federal Programs. Final rept,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Richard E. Ginnold. Sep 79,123p EPA-550/9-79-101
This report investigates the status of State and federal
workers compensation programs for noise induced
hearing loss and the equity and effectiveness of their
hearing loss claims provisions. Presented is a detailed
examination of State and federal hearing loss claims
activity, existing compensation claims procedures,
their scientific and technical basis, and some of the
background judicial decisions and medical, social, po-
litical, and economic forces historically influenced in
the development of compensation programs for noise
induced hearing loss. Included as well are recommen-
dations and suggestions for further research and the
incorporation of less restrictive and more technically
appropriate compensation provisions and criteria to
improve the technical basis of State and federal com-
pensation programs.
Keywords: *Noise(Sound), Federal government State
government, Employees, Effectiveness, Industrial
medicine, 'Hearing loss, 'Workmens compensation,
Claims, Occupational safety and health, Benefits.
PB82-138785 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Annoyance, Loudness, and Measurement of Re-
petitive Type Impulsive Noise Sources. Final rept,
Wyte Labs., B Segundo, CA.
L C. Sutherland, and R. E. Burke. Nov 79,155p EPA-
550/9-79-103
Contract EPA-68-01 -4694
This study was undertaken to evaluate subjective and
" 're aspects of moderate levels of noise from im-
sources. The study excluded evaluation of
j damage risk or annoyance from building vibra-
tion by high level impulsive noise, which were covered
by recent recommendations of the National Research
Council, Committee on Hearing BJoacoustics and Bio-
mechanics, Working Group 69. While the study includ-
ed original investigations into some of the objective as-
pects of impulsive noise, a detailed review of the litera-
ture on the subjective aspects was emphasized.
Based on this available literature, the annoyance and
toudness from a wide variety of repetitive impulse
noises were evaluated. These results were applied to
the evaluation of impulsive noise from a number of
specific noise sources.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Noise pollution,
Acoustic measurement, Sound pressure, Auditory per-
ception. Voice communication, Loudness, 'Noise
sources, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-138827 PC A03/MF A01
D*w%tA«BM«jM UM|MA I *— f* • •
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing naphthalene
including how to register under a registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
data requirements and data gaps. Also included is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
viewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclu-
sions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Naphthalene, 'Standards, 'Pesticides,
Regulations, Chemistry, Toxicology, Ecology, Assess-
ments, Residues, Path of pollutants.
PB82-139478 PC A04/MF A01
Knock Sensor Vehicle Test Program. Technical
repL,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Larry C. Landman. Oct 81,54p EPA-AA-CTAB/TA-82-
1
This test program was designed to explore the impact
of an ignition system with spark knock sensoring and
spark retard on regulated emissions, fuel economy,
and power as a function of the research octane
number (RON) of the test fuel. Currently, General
Motors (GM) incorporates a spark knock sensor in a
feedback ignition system on their turbocharged vehi-
cles. This type of spark timing system is well suited to
turbocharged engines because of their wide range of
spark timing requirements. GM and others are also
currently producing naturally aspirated engines
equipped with knock sensors. The feedback aspect of
this type of ignition system would allow the vehicle to
automatically compensate the timing for the octane of
the fuel being consumed. This technology could im-
prove fuel economy of vehicles in service. It is conceiv-
able that some vehicles incorporating a knock sensor
timing system could have lower exhaust emissions and
higher fuel economy using EPA standard test fuel (In-
dolene HO III) compared to operating with lower
octane commercial unleaded gasolines. The knock
sensor can be integrated into a spark timing system in
a variety of fashions. This design variability precludes
any generalized conclusions about the effects of vary-
ing the fuel octane rating.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Superchargers, Turbomachinery, Igni-
tion systems, Knock, Octane number, Performance
evaluation, General Motors vehicles. Knock sensors.
PB82-139494 PC A03/MF A01
Final Results of the 'One Week Follow-Up' with
Participants during the FY79 and FY80 Emission
Factor Testing Programs. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Thomas C. Bejma. Aug 81,42p EPA-AA-TEB-81 -27
This paper describes the results of a follow-up survey
with participants during the FY79 and FY80 Emission
Factor Testing Programs. The surveys were conduct-
ed in the form of a questionnaire which program par-
ticipants were asked to complete and return, about
one week after their vehicle was tested and returned to
them. The questions pertained to the efficiency of the
lab personnel and the performance of their vehicle
after it had been tested. Over 70% of the 2500 ques-
tionnaires were completed and returned. The results of
both surveys show that practically all participants fed
they were treated efficiently by the lab personnel and
that the vast majority felt that their vehicle displayed
either no change or an improvement in its perform-
ance. Of those respondents whose vehicles received
maintenance, the percentage that felt that there was
an improvement in performance was greater than that
of the owners of vehicles which did not receive mainte-
nance. Of the respondents who were not satisfied with
the present performance of their vehicles after mainte-
nance, both programs indicate that most felt the same
before the maintenance and testing had been per-
formed.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Performance evaluation,
Questionnaires, Opinions, Exhaust emissions, Fuel
consumption, Maintenance.
PB82-139973 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Effects of Noise on Wildlife and Other Animals,
Review of Research Since 1971,
Informatics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Patricia A. Dufour. Jul 80,106p EPA-550/9-80-100
This report represents a survey of the most significant
studies since EPA issued its first report concerning
noise effects on wildlife in 1971. The report has been
divided into three main sections: laboratory animals,
domestic animals, domestic animals, and wildlife.
Studies within each of the three sections are further ar-
ranged by taxonomic groups and/or individual species,
depending on the amount of material available. Re-
ports on each species or taxonomic group are present-
ed in four major categories of noise effects: auditory
physiological, masking, nonauditory physiological, and
behavioral.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Wildlife, Surveys, Labora-
tory animals, Animals, Domestic animals, Behavior,
Physiological effects, Stress(Physiology), Noise pollu-
tion.
PB82-140047 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Method for Assessing Costs of Noise Control Re-
quirements In Multlfamlly Residential and Educa-
tional Buildings. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Engineering Lab.
Stephen F. Weber, Fred F. Rudder, Jr., and Michael J.
Boehm. Dec81,120p NBSIR-81-2366
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
This report presents a methodology developed to
measure the cost impacts of acoustical performance
requirements for new buildings. The methodology can
be applied to a wide range of noise control require-
ments. The cost items addressed by this methodology
are expected changes in construction costs, the cost
of acoustical testing to certify levels of performance,
code administration costs, and energy savings due to
modifications of the building envelope. The building
components considered, which are those most com-
monly affected by noise comtrol requirements, are
doors, windows, interior walls, exterior walls, and floor/
ceiling assemblies. The basic cost assessment
method consists of linear cost estimation equations for
most component designs commonly used in educa-
tional and multifamily residential buildings. Each equa-
tion relates the acoustical performance of the design
to its construction cost so that construction costs as-
sociated with alternate levels of acoustical perform-
ance can be compared. The methodology also in-
cludes a cost minimization model useful for selecting
the least-cost design for a particular level of acoustical
performance.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Noise reduction, 'Construction
costs, Construction materials, Walls, Doors, Windows,
Floors, Ceiling(Architecture), Structural design, Acous-
tic insulation, Cost analysis, Design criteria.
PB82-140443 PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Natural Radioactivity Contamination Problems.
Rept no. 2. (Final).
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors,
Inc.
Sep81,134pNCRCPD-1
Prepared in cooperation with Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission, Washington, DC, and Department of Health
and Human Services, Washington, DC. Bureau of Ra-
diological Health. See also PB-281041.
Levels of naturally occurring radionuclides associated
with the bauxite, columbium-tantalum, phosphate, tin,
pumice, and titanium mineral extraction industries are
reported. Data is also presented on radioactivity meas-
urements in ground water, in selected geothermal
waters, and in oil production brines. Radiation protec-
tion guidance is provided for uranium recovery from
wet-process phosphate plants, for soil contamination
limits, and for radiological exposure in natural caves.
Dose pathways from incidental uses of naturally occur-
ring radioactive materials are presented. Model state
regulations for protecting public health and safety from
use and disposal of naturally occurring radioactive ma-
terial are outlined.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Radioactive con-
taminants, Water pollution, Industrial plants, Regula-
tions, Bauxite, Niobium, Tantalum, Inorganic phos-
phates, Zircon, Tin, Pumice, Titanium, Brines, Urani-
um, Public health, Environmental surveys, State gov-
ernment, Safety, Waste disposal, Ground water, Soils.
PB82-140484 PC A09/MF A01
Sewannee, Tennessee Wastewater Facilities.
Volume II: Alternatives Development and Evalua-
tion Technical Reference Document Draft environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 81,188p EPA-904/9-81-077C
The quality of effluent from the existing Sewannee
wastewater treatment plant does not meet the pending
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permit limitations. Alternatives to the existing
wastewater treatment and disposal scheme, devel-
oped to mitigate present and future water quality prob-
lems, are presented in this document.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewage disposal,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Aerobic
processes, Activated sludge process. Irrigation, Septic
tanks. Nitrification, Lagoons(Ponds), Ground water,
Environmental impacts, Cost analysis, Water pollution,
Odors, Surface waters, Air pollution, Aquatic animals,
Tennessee, *Sewannee(Tennessee), Land applica-
tion, Sewage irrigation, 'Alternative planning.
PB82-140641 PC A10/MF A01
TEMEPHOS: O,O'-(th!od!-4,1-pnenylene) bls(O,O-
dimethyl phosphorothioate), Pesticide Registra-
tion Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug81,204p
Contents:
How to register under a registration standard;
Regulatory position;
Summary of data requirements and data gaps;
Product chemistry;
Environmental fate;
Toxicology;
Residue chemistry;
Ecological effects;
Efficacy.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Phosphoroth-
ioates, Phosphorus organic compounds, Regulations,
Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, 'Abate,
Phosphorothioic acid/O-O-(dimethyl-ester)-O-O-(thio-
diphenol-diester), Path of pollutants.
PB82-140716
PC A09/MF A01
Warfarin and Its Sodium Salt (3-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with ICF, Inc., Washington,
DC.
The study assists the EPA in evaluating the foreseea-
ble availability of the facilities and personnel needed to
perform the to»cok>gical testing required under the
Toxic Substances Control Act The study profiles the
lexicological testing industry which is estimated to
contain 285 commercial toxicology laboratories with
average employment of 57 per laboratory and average
laboratory space, 28,000 sq. ft Annual revenues for
the industry are estimated at $650 million or $2.3 mil-
ton per laboratory and market competition is high with
no individual firm or small group of firms controlling key
resources. The current supply of testing resources is
adequate with industry utilization at about 80 to 85 per-
cent Capital and professional manpower are key re-
sources. Demand for testing and testing resources
should be strong and arises from regulatory sources
including TSCA, FIFRA and FFDCA and non-regulato-
ry sources. Finally, a conceptual supply/demand
model shows it is possible to simulate and assess the
potential economic impacts of regulatory changes as
well as changes in prices, availability of resources and
industry structure, but data and resource requirements
to implement such a model would be substantial.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Test facilities, 'Chemical in-
dustry. Tests, Availability, Resources, Laboratories,
Personnel, Evaluation, In vitro analysis, Bioassay, Eco-
nomic analysis, 'Toxic Substances Control Act, PubHc
Law 94-469, Test personnel.
PB82-140815
PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
rogram Guidance Manual
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Clean Lakes Pr
Dec 80, 249p* EPA-440/5-81 -003
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
This manual has been prepared to guide the States in
developing their own lake restoration and protection
programs, in obtaining Federal dean Lakes Program
assistance, and conducting lake projects. Policy, pro-
cedures, and technology are discussed, making this
manual useful to State environmental and natural re-
sources agency officials, whether ther responsibilities
are technical or administrative. Governmental agen-
cies which carry out lake projects under subagree-
ments with the State, or watershed, lake associations
or citizen groups which initiate a lake project wiH also
find the manual useful.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water pollution control, Manuals,
Classification, Government policies, Legislation, Strati-
fication, Biological productivity, Algae, Monitoring, Nu-
trients, Aeration, Cpculation, Rushing, Drawdown,
Recreation, Financing, Technical assistance, Land
use, •Eutrophication, Thermal stratification, 'Trophic
level.
PB82-141425 PC A24/MF A01
Proceedfcigs of Surface Transportation Exhaust
System Noise Symposium, October 11-13, 1977,
Chicago, IMnoJs. Final rapt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jun 78.554p EPA-550/9-78-206
Contents:
Bench test procedures and exhaust system
performance prediction, P.OAL Davies;
Automotive exhaust system evaluation, D. A.
The method of measuring exhaust system noise-a
study on the reduction of the exhaust noise of
large trucks, Mineichi Inagawa;
Method and apparatus for measuring muffler
performance, Peter Cheng;
Optimum design of mufflers. Dr. Donald Baxa:
Bench test and analog simulation techniques for
engine muffler evaluation, Cecil R. Sparks;
Comments on evaluation techniques of exhaust
system noise control characteristics, D. W.
Rowley;
A bench test for rapid evaluation of muffler
performance, A. F. Seybert
Analytical and experimental testing procedures for
quieting two-stroke engines, Donald L Margofe;
Power or pressure-a discussion of current
alternatives in exhaust system acoustic
evaluation, Larry J. Eriksson;
A computer-aided approach toward performance
predictions for engine exhaust muffler, John E.
Sneckenberger;
Review of internal combustion engine exhaust
muffling, Malcolm J. Crocker;
Shock-tube methods for simulating exhaust
pressure pulses of small high-performance
engines, B. Sturtevant;
Correlation or not between bench tests and outside
measurements for snowmobiles, Jean Nichols;
Measurement of engine exhaust noise in
dynamometer rooms, James W. Moore;
The appfication of the finite element method to
studying the performance of reactive and
dtesjpatove mufflers with zero mean flow, A.
Craggs;
A comparison of static vs. dynamic testing
procedures for muffler evaluation, W. L Rood;
Discussion of proposed SAE recommended
practice XJ1207, measurement procedure for
determination of silencer effectiveness in
reducing engine intake or exhaust sound level,
Larry J.Eriksson;
A theoretical examination of the relevant
parameters for dynamometer testing of the 2-
cyde engine mufflers, Professor G. P. Blair.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust systems, 'Noise
pollution, 'Meetings, Transportation noise, Engine
mufflers, Acoustic measurement. Noise reduction,
Test equipment 'Noise levels, Noise sources, Com-
puter aided design, Bench tests.
PB82-141797 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients and Aque-
ous SotubttUes of Organic Compounds,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Stanley P. Wasik, Yadu B. Tewari, Michete M. Miller,
and Daniel E. Matire. Dec 81,68p* NBSIR-81 -2406
A generator column method for measuring the octa-
noT/water partition coefficient, K(o/w) and the aque-
ous solubility, C sup w sub s, is described. When water
is pumped through a generator column packed with
solid support coated with an organic stationary phase,
an aqueous solution is generated that is in equilibrium
with tire stationary phase. The solute concentration in
the ekitsd aqueous phase was measured either by
high pressure liquid chromatography or by solvent ex-
traction followed by gas chromatographic analysis.
Aqueous sotubSties and octanol/water partition coeffi-
cients of organic solutes, falling into 7 general chemi-
cal classes, have been systematically determined
using the modMed generator column method. From
thermodynamics an equation is derived relating K(o/
w) to the volume-fraction-based solute activity coeffi-
cient in water gamma sup w sub s, the latter being de-
tarminable from C sup w sub s. For each class of com-
pounds, excellent linear correlations are found be-
tween log K(o/w) and log gamma sup w sub s with
slopes close to the theoretical value of unity.
Keywords: 'Solubfflty, 'Organic compounds, 'Water,
Gas chromatography, 'Partition coefficients, 'Octarv
ote. High pressure liquid chromatography, Numerical
solution.
PB82-141979 PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year
1960. Water-data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK. Water Resources
Div.
Nov 81,385p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /004, USGS/WRD/
AK-60-1
See also report dated Nov 80, PB81-144818. Prepared
in cooperation with the State of Alaska.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
Alaska consists of records of stage, Discharge, and
water quaBty of streams; stage and water quality of
lakes; and water levels and water quality in wells and
springs. This report contains Discharge records for 114
gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station;
water quality for 55 stations; and water levels for 33
observation weds. Also included are 56 lowflow, 8
crest-stage, and 2 water-quality partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Alaska,
Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream flow. Row rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table. Tempera-
ture, "Water quality data, 'Hydroiooic data,
DischargefWater), Water levels.
PB82-142050 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Survey of Cadmium Emission Sources.
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
Sep 81,163p* EPA-450/3-81-013
Contract EPA/68-02-3168
This document presents technical data used to sup-
port decision making on the need for listing cadmium
under Section 108(a)(1), Section 112(b)(1)(A), or Sec-
tion 111(b)(1)(A) as required by Section 122 of the
dean Air Act, as amended in 1977. Data are present-
ed describing potential sources of cadmium emissions,
control techniques used for cadmium emission control,
estimated controlled and uncontrolled cadmium emis-
sions, estimated ambient air quality, and compliance
status. The results of special dispersion modeling are
presented for incineration, interaction of smelters, and
for interaction of sources in the New York City - New
Jersey area.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Surveys, 'Air pollution.
Sources, Air pollution control, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Utilization,
Concentration(Composrtion), 'Air quality.
PB82-142100 PC A02/MF A01
An Evaluation of the Landrum Mini-Garbs Air
Bleed. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 76,12p EPA-AA-TAEB-76-24
Data submitted to the Environmental Protection
Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory indicated
that an air-Meed device known as the Landrum Mini-
Carts could cause a reduction in exhaust emissions
and improve fuel economy. Consequently, an EPA
confirmatory test program was set up to investigate
the effects of the Landrum Mini-Carbs on exhaust
emissions and fuel economy. The Mini-Carbs appre-
ciably reduced carbon monoxide emissions from the
test vehicle. A small decrease in unbumed hydrocar-
bon emissions and a small increase in oxide of nitro-
gen emissions also occurred. The effect of the Mini-
Carbs on fuel economy was not significant Ingestion
of poorly filtered air through the Mini-Carbs may have
an adverse effect on the engine and carburetor dura-
bility.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Fuel systems, Carburetors, Airflow, Per-
formance evaluation, Landrum Mini-Carbs, Bleed sys-
tems.
PB82-142548 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Background Research for Missouri Inspection/
Maintenance Regulations. Final rept
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
Sep 81,187p EPA-907/9-81-005
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments defined inspec-
tion and maintenance as a reasonable technique for
the control of CO and O3 and mandated its implemen-
tation in those areas where the states cannot demon-
strate attainment of the standards by December 31,
1982. This document presents the results of the back-
ground research performed for the State of Missouri to
assist in formulating their program and is a compilation
of four separate reports: (1) Emission Analyzer Specifi-
cations; (2) Quality Assurance Procedures; (3) Inspec-
tion Station Requirements; and (4) Standardized Pro-
cedures for Emissions and Tampering Inspections.
The basic procedure was to review the experience ob-
tained in other I/M programs and to formulate a specif-
ic program for the State of Missouri based on their
unique needs. In addition to summarizing the experi-
ence of others, the evaluation of the costs of the vari-
ous aspects of the proposed program are included.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Missouri, Exhaust emissions, Analyzers, Qual-
ity assurance, Equipment specifications, Cost analysis.
1222 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-142837 PC A07/MF A01
Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities Lower
Missouri River Basin, Si Louis, Missouri. Draft en-
vironmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Sep 81,138p EPA-907/-81 -007
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Environmental effects of alternatives to abate
wastewater pollution in the Lower Missouri River
Basin's three watersheds: Creve Coeur, Fee Fee, and
Lower Bonhomme, in St. Louis Courtly were evaluated.
Three basic alternatives were considered: (1) No
Action; (2) Subregional; (3) The applicant-proposed
Regional. Both the regional and subregional alterna-
tives would result in long-term water quality improve-
ment, and would have minor impact on the growth pat-
tern of this approximately 80%-developed study area.
Alternatives were considered: (1) No Action; (2) Subre-
gional; (3) The applicant-proposed Regional. Both the
regional and subregional alternatives would result in
long-term water quality improvement, and would have
minor impact on the growth pattern of this approxi-
mately 80%-developed study area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Water pollution con-
trol, "Environmental impact statements-draft, Sewers,
Aeration, Pumping stations, Upgrading, Vegetation,
Wildlife, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Water quality,
Land use, Missouri, Maps, Saint Louis(Missouri),
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-142845 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Peat Mining: An Initial Assessment of Wetlands
Impacts and Measures to Mitigate Adverse Ef-
fects. Final rept,
JRB Associates. Inc., McLean, VA.
John M. Carpenter, and George T. Farmer. 28 Jul 81,
69p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Small-scale dry peat mining operations are having a
significant environmental impact on inland bogs and
fens in certain regions of the northern United States.
This report characterizes the hydrology, water chemis-
try, vegetation, wildlife utilization, air quality, and non-
consumptive use values of inland bogs and fens to
better understand the ecological significance and
value of these wetlands.
Keywords: 'Peat, 'Surface mining, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Swamps, Drainage, Water pollution, pH, Soil
profiles, Metals, Vegetation, Water supply, Runoff,
Wildlife, Mortality, Air pollution, Land reclamation, Fer-
tilizing, Assessments, 'Wetlands, Habitats, Non con-
sumptive use, Northern Region(United States).
PB82-143223 PC A02/MF A01
Phycoperiphyton (Algae) as Indicators of Water
Quality. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Gary B. Collins, and C. I. Weber. 1978,11 p EPA-600/
J-78-190
Pub. in Transactions of the American Microscopical
Society, v97 n1 p36-43 1978.
The algal community is an important component of
aquatic ecosystems and has unique attributes for
water quality studies which stem not only from its habit
but also from its species composition. Several sam-
pling methods have been developed that provide
useful data on properties of this phycoperiphyton com-
munity. Involved are biomass measurements, pigment
composition, productivity, community structures and
species composition. These features are reviewed in
the report
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Streams, Moni-
tonng, Indicator species, Biomass, Measurement, Sur-
face waters, Biological productivity, Chlorophylls, Re-
prints.
PB82-143231 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Lead on Benzene Metabolism. Journal
article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. E. Denton, G. D. Potter, and J. A. Santolucito. Dec
81,10p EPA-600/ J-80-049
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 7,
p893-9001981.
The possibility that Pb could affect benzene metabo-
lism through inhibition of enzyme synthesis, was exam-
ined by studies of the effects of chronic oral Pb treat-
ments on benzene conversion to phenol. Rats were
given either distilled deionized water or 0.05, 0.58, 17
or 352 ppm Pb solutions as drinking water. After 6, 9,
12, and 15 wk of treatment, rats from each group were
sacrificed and in vitro benzene metabolism by ben-
zene hydroxylase was measured in liver enzyme prep-
arations. After 24 wk, the remaining animals were in-
jected ip with 400 mg/kg benzene and urinary phenol
levels measured daily for 4 d. The enzyme activity,
studied in vitro, was significantly increased in animals
that ingested the 352 ppm solution for 6 wk. Also, Pb
levels in all groups of animals were significantly higher
in tissues from animals that ingested 352 ppm Pb. Al-
though urinary phenol Ivels accounted for 30-40% of
the ip benzene dose, Pb ingestion had no significant
effect on phenol excretion. These results suggested
that oral Pb treatments had a significant effect on the
enzyme responsible for benzene hydroxylation to
phenol. However, unknown factors appear to compen-
sate for these changes in vivo.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), 'Benzene, Me-
tabolism, Enzyme inhibitors, In vitro analysis, Physio-
logical effects. Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB82-143249 PC A02/MF A01
Pollutant Monitoring in the Olympic National Park
Biosphere Reserve. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Kenneth W. Brown. Dec 81,13p EPA-600/J-80-039
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p37-471981.
Interest in global contamination has been instrumental
in the establishment of over 33 Biosphere Reserves in
the United States. These reserves include pristine
areas that have been protected from industrial devel-
opment They serve as areas in which present and
future environmental pollution can be assessed. Pol-
lutant monitoring studies are being conducted in the
Olympic National Park Biosphere Reserve by the U.S.
Park Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Studies are designed to identify levels of trace
element and organic contaminants in physical and bio-
logical media Ten remote sites were selected for in-
tensive sampling. These areas were located in the
Hoh, Quinault, and Dosewallips River drainages; at An-
derson and Grand Pass; near Ozette Lake and, at the
northern edge of Blue Glacier. Their proximity to vehi-
cle-traveled roads varied from 3 to 20 kilometers. Sam-
ples were taken in air, water, soil, litter and vegetation.
Samples will be analyzed for organic and heavy metal
contaminants. Airborne paniculate size and chemical
characterization is being investigated.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Biosphere, Forecasting, As-
sessments, Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Soils, Vegetation, Organic compounds, Particles,
Trace elements, Monitoring, Reprints, 'Olympic Na-
tional Park, Heavy metals.
PB82-143256 PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Benzene Depletion by Soil Microor-
ganisms. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
James C. McFarlane, Amy Cross, Clyde Frank, and
Robert D. Rogers. Dec 81,9p EPA-600/J-80-046
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p75-81, 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Las Vegas, NV; Iowa Univ., Iowa City,
and Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls.
Gaseous benzene was rapidly depleted in exposure
chambers containing viable soils and plants. When
separate components of the system were analyzed, no
benzene was detected in soils, plants, or water. Soil
microorganisms were shown to be responsible for me-
tabolizing benzene, yielding CO2 as the main product
The rates were sufficiently rapid to suggest that this re-
action forms a major pathway for the elimination of
benzene from the environment
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Benzene, 'Soil
microbiology, 'Plants(Botany), 'Microorganisms,
Carbon dioxide, Reaction kinetics, Metabolism, Re-
prints.
PB82-143264 PC A02/MF A01
Base-Line Growth Studies of 'First Lady' Marigold
In Controlled Environments. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. P. Ormrod, P. Allen Hammer, Donald T. Krizek, T.
W. Tibbitts, and J. Craig McFarlane. 1980,9p EPA-
600/J-80-366
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Society for Horticultural
Science, v105(5) p632-638 1980. Prepared in coop-
eration with Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Horticul-
tural Science; Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of
Horticulture; Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville,
MD. Plant Stress Lab.; and Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Dept. of Horticulture.
'First Lady' marigold (Tagetes erecta) was grown 3
times in each of 5 different controlled environment fa-
cilities to establish baseline growth rates for this spe-
cies. Plants were grown under a standardized set of
environmental conditions established with a common
set of standardized instruments. The base-line growth
data, based on the described procedures, can be used
to compare marigold growth in other controlled envi-
ronments and to provide a check on the operational
characteristics of research facilities.
Keywords: 'Plant growth, 'Flowers, Laboratories,
Controlled atmospheres, Atmospheric temperature,
Photoperiodism, Humidity, Measurement,
Weight(Mass), Plant tissues, Length, Comparison, Re-
prints, 'Marigold plants, Tagetes erecta.
PB82-143272 PC A02/MF A01
A Comparison of Skull and Femur Lead Levels In
Adult Rats. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. E. Denton, G. D. Potter, and J. A. Santolucito. 26
Sep 79,8p EPA-600/J-80-367
Pub. in Environmental Research 23, p264-269 1980.
The purpose of the study was to elucidate the relation-
ship between skull and femur lead levels in laboratory
rats. Forty-eight female rats were given one of four
lead chloride drinking water solutions: 0.05, 0.58,17,
or 352 ppm lead. Two animals from each group were
sacrificed after 3, 6, 9,12,15, and 24 weeks of treat-
ment Both femurs and the frontal and parietal bones
of the skull were removed from each animal and ana-
lyzed for lead concentration by atomic absorption
spectroscopy. A significant accumulation of lead was
observed in femurs and skull bones only from animals
in the 352 ppm lead treatment group. The lead con-
centrations of the femurs were significantly higher than
skull lead concentrations for all groups and this rela-
tionship was described using a linear regression equa-
tion.
Keywords: *Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Comparison,
Concentration(Composrtion), Skull, Femur, Bones,
Rats, Reprints, Bioaccumulation.
PB82-143280 PC A02/MF A01
The First Plague, and Why It Keeps Coming Back.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Jan C. Prager. 1981, 8p EPA-600/J-81-486, ERLN-
B026
Pub. in Dangerous Properties of Industrial Matenals
Report, v1 n3 p12-16, Jan/Feb 81.
This review paper discusses the history of red tides,
their relations to human activities, the chemistry and
pharmacology of red tide toxins, the biology of red tide-
causing species, and future prospects for red tide re-
search.
Keywords: 'Dinoflagellata, 'Marine biology, Toxicity,
Shellfish, Humans, Toxins and antitoxins,
Tolerances(Physiology), Salinity, Temperature, Chemi-
cal analysis, Animal diseases, Reprints, 'Red tides.
PB82-143298 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg (Mani-
toba). Western Region.
Environmental Acidification Impact Detection by
Examination of Mature Fish Ovaries. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormtek, G. N. Stokes, and G. J. Portele. Dec
80,12p EPA-600/J-80-363
December 1983 1223
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences. n975, p41-48 1980. Proceedings of
the Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop (6th) Held at
Winnipeg, Manitoba on November 6-7, 1979. Spon-
sored in part by Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
Winnipeg (Manitoba). Western Region.
Fathead minnow egg production and hatching success
at pH 5.3 was scant to non-existent Eggs spawned
and incubated until hatching at pH 8.1 and 6.3 pro-
duced 39.7 and 5.7% normal larvae, respectively;
eggs spawned at pH 6.3 incubated at 5.3 produced
0.5% normal larvae. Reproductive failure at pH 5.3
may have been predicted by ovarian histology. Ovaries
of fathead minnows at pH 5.3 had exceptionally high
proportions of pre-ovulatory corpora atretica relative to
other oocyte stages present The fathead minnow data
were generated as a basis of extrapolation to estimate
reproductive impairment in smallmouth bass inhabiting
acid environments by examination of their ovarian con-
dition.
Keywords: 'Acidity, •Toxicology. Fishes, Water pollu-
tion, Reproduction(Biology), Larvae, Ovaries, Reprints,
Fathead minnows, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-143306 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
SateWte Estimation of the Surface Energy Bal-
ance, Moisture AvaRaMHty and Thermal Inertia.
Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept of Me-
Toby N. Carlson, Joseph K. Dodd, Stanley G.
Benjamin, and James N. Cooper. 23 Aug 80,13p EPA-
600/J-81-478
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v20 n1 p67-67 Jan
81.
A method for inferring the distribution of surface heat
and evaporative fluxes and the ground moisture avail-
ability and thermal inertial (ground conductive capac-
ity) is used to analyze two urbanized areas, Los Ange-
les and St Louis. The technique employs infrared sat-
ellite temperature measurements in conjunction with a
one-dimensional boundary-layer model. Results show
that there is a marked reduction of evaporation and
moisture availability and a corresponding elevation of
sensible heat flux over urbanized areas and over
cropped areas with low vegetative cover.
Keywords: 'Heat balance, 'Evaporation, 'Soil water,
Urban areas, Vegetation, Rural areas, Infrared map-
ping, Thermal radiation, Preciprtation(Meteorology),
Mathematical models, Reprints, 'Heat islands.
PB82-143314
Particle Co
PC A02/MF A01
i by a Pftot Plant Vanturl Scrub-
ber Downstream From a PHot Plant Electrostatic
PredpHator. Journal article.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L E. Sparks. G. H. Ramsey, and B. E Daniel. 4 Feb 80.
10p EPA-600/J-81-320
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 p65-721981.
The paper gives results of pHot plant experiments of
paniculate collection by a venturi scrubber down-
stream from an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The
data, which cover a range of scrubber operating condi-
tions and ESP efficiencies, show that particle collec-
tion by the venturi scurbber is not affected by the up-
stream ESP; i.e., for a given scrubber pressure drop,
particle collection efficiency as a function of particle di-
ameter is the same with the ESP both on and off. The
experimental results are HI excellent agreement with
theoretical predictions. Order of magnitude cost esti-
mates indicate that particle collectjon by ESP scrubber
systems may be economically attractive when scrub-
bers must be used for SOx control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Sulfur oxides, Scrubbers, Pilot
plants. Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Cost
analysis, Reprints, 'Venturi scrubbers.
PB82-143322 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Evaluation of a Two-Stage ESP for High Re-
sistivity Dusts. Journal article,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
D. H. Pontius, P. V. Buch, and L E. Sparks. 1980,7p
EPA-600/J-80-326
Pub. in Staub - Heinhalt Luft v40 n11 p473-477 1980.
The paper gives results of tests of new, two-stage pilot
scale ESP system, consisting of a precharger and a
downstream collector, on a high-resistivity flyash at a
coal-fired power plant Operating on a 0.47 cu m/s
slipstream, the system had a specific collecting area of
50.4 sq m/cu m sec. With an inlet mass loading of 18
g/cu m, and a dust resistivity of 1.97 x 1011 cm, an
overall average collection efficiency of 97.7% was
achieved. When the precharger was turned off, a col-
lection efficiency of 83.4% was recorded. Although the
plate area of the precharger is only about 3% of that of
the entire system, the effect of energizing the pre-
charger is approximately equivalent to doubling the
collecting area of the system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, Field tests, Performance evalua-
tion, Fly ash, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products. Reprints, 'Coal fired power
plants.
PB82-143330
PC A02/MF A01
The Sensitivity of the United States Environment
to Add Precipitation, Journal article,
National Heart Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Norman R. Glass, Charles F. Powers, Jeffrey J. Lee,
Danny L Rambo, and David W. O'Guinn. 1980,4p
EPA-600/J-80-362
Pub. in Proceedings of the International Conference
on Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, SNSF
Project, Norway 1980. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.Color illustra-
tions reproduced in black and white.
There is evidence of the spread of acid precipitation
from the northeast to all the states east of the Missis-
sippi River. In view of this a short-term assessment
program was initiated by the Environmental Protection
Agency in April 1979 to survey the scope of the acid
ram problem in the United States. This survey was
based primarily on existing information and to a lesser
degree, on a series exposure experiments conducted
at the EPA experimental farm in Corvallis, Oregon. The
field studies examined the effects of acidity on field
i and certain forest processes. These short term
p will be useful in formulating a long-term re-
i effort
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Assessments, Surveys, Field
tests, Farm crops. Forests, Oregon, Reprints, 'Acid
rain, Corvallis(Oregon).
PB82-143348 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Human Infective Dose Determinations for Oral Po-
Hovirus Type 1 Vaccine hi Infanta. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
T. E. Minor, C. I. Allen, A. A. Tsiatis, D. B. Nelson, and
D. J. D'AJessio. 1981, 4p EPA-600/J-81 -207
Grant EPA-R-804161
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v13 n2 p388-389
Feb81.
The 50,10. and 1 % human infective doses of polkjvi-
rus type 1 vaccine administered orally to 32 infants
were estimated to be 72,39, and 20 tissue culture in-
fective doses, respectively.
Keywords: 'Vaccines, 'Poltoviruses, 'Immunization,
Humans, Dosage, Infants, Reprints.
P682-1433SS PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Eastern U.S.
Haziness: A Summary. Journal article,
Washington Univ., St Louis, MO.
Rudolf B. Husar, Janet M. Holloway, David E.
Patterson, and William E. Wilson. 17 Feb 81,12p EPA-
600/J-81-485
Grant EPA-R-806606
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n10/11 p1919-
1928 1981 .Portions of this document are not fully legi-
ble.
One of the key features of the optical environment
over the eastern U.S. is the frequent occurrence of re-
gional haziness, particularly during the summer
season. Four historical data bases were examined for
estimation of the regional trend in haziness over the
past 80 years. In the 1970's the lowest visibility oc-
curred in the region of the Ohio River. The strongest in-
crease of haziness was noted in the states adjacent to
the Smoky Mountains: the average visibility there has
decreased from 24 to 10 km since 1948. That region
also exhibits the highest turbidity.
Keywords: 'Haze, Estimates, Visibility, Periodic vari-
ations, Summer, Monitoring, Urban areas, Turbidity,
Weather observations, Trends, Photometers, Reprints,
'Eastern Region(United States).
PB82-143363 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cloud Water Chemistry and the Production of Suf-
fates In Clouds. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Atmospheric Sci-
ences.
Dean A. Hegg, and Peter V. Hobbs. 23 Dec 80,10p
CONTRIB-559, EPA-600/J-81-473
Contract NAS8-33148, Grant EPA-R-005263
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n9 p1597-1604
1981.
Measurements are presented of the pH and ionic con-
tent of water collected in clouds over Western Wash-
ington and the Los Angeles Basin. Evidence for sulfate
production in some of the clouds is presented. Not all
of the sulfur in the cloud water was in the form of sul-
fate. However, the measurements indicate that the
production of sulfate in clouds is of considerable sig-
nificance in the atmosphere. Comparison of field
measurements with model results show reasonable
agreement and suggest that the production of sulfate
in cloud water is a consequence of more than one con-
version mechanism.
Keywords: 'Clouds, 'Water analysis, *pH, 'Surfates,
'Air pollution, Precipitation(Chemistry), Ions, Sulfur di-
oxide, Comparison, Field tests, Sampling, Reprints, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB82-143371 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Predicting Pressure Loss for Pulse Jet Fitters.
Journal article,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Richard Dennis, John E. Wilder, and Dale L. Harmon.
1981,8p
Contracts EPA-68-02-0268, EPA-68-02-1438
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n9p987-992Sep81.
The paper discusses the prediction of pressure toss for
pulse jet filters. The analysis of pressure loss charac-
teristics for the filters suggests that the relationship be-
tween dust adhesion to the fabric and the opposing
force generated by pulse jet action plays a major role
in dust removal. Hence, fabric cleanability is examined
in terms of the adhesion/cohesion forces bonding the
dust to the fabric vs. the intensity and frequency of the
dust dislodgement forces produced by the high energy
air pulses. The effect of jet size and location, jet air
volume, and the intensity (pressure) and duration of
the jet pulses is related to operating pressure loss. The
mechanics of energy transfer from the jet pulse to the
dust-laden fabric are explored in terms of jet pressure,
solenoid varve action, the ratio of delivered pulse air
volume to bag (tube) volume, and the elastic and flex
properties of the felt bags. Effective and actual fabric
dust holdings before and after cleaning are discussed
with respect to steady-state dust deposition and re-
moval rates, and operating pressure losses. Finally,
predictive equations are proposed for estimating pres-
sure loss over a broad range of design and operating
parameters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air filters, 'Dust
'Pressure reduction, Adhesion, Cleaning, Reprints,
'Fabric filters, 'Pulse jet filters.
PB82-143389 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
1224 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Assessment and Control Technol-
ogy for Low-Btu Gasification Works. Journal arti-
cle,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. C. Page, W. J. Rhodes, and T. K. Janes. 1980,12p
EPA-600/J-80-364
Contract EPA-68-02-2147
Pub. in Coal Processing Technology, v6 p56-65 1980.
The paper shows how EPA's Environmental Assess-
ment (EA) methodology can be used to: (1) screen
gaseous, liquid, and solid waste streams for potentially
harmful health and ecological effects (Level 1); (2)
prioritize the waste streams and their components for
detailed analyses (Level 2); and (3) apply these data to
the selection and evaluation of control technologies.
To do this, chemical and biological data, collected
during an environmental test program at a commercial-
size Chapman low-Btu gasifier were used. The paper
concludes that (1) results of the SAM/IA analysis and
bioassay screening tests compared favorably in most
cases (exceptions included the gasifier ash and sepa-
rator liquor); (2) results of the SAM/IA analysis and
bioassay screening tests can be used to prioritize
waste streams and their components for detailed anal-
yses (Level 2); and (3) results of the detailed analyses
can be applied to the selection and evaluation of con-
trol technologies and to chemical parameters that
need to be monitored in the control technology's
waste streams for long-term health and ecological
impact studies. Existing standards determine when a
control technology is required and what pollutants
need to be controlled.
Keywords: "Pollution control, 'Coal gasification, As-
sessments, Technology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Mathematical
models, Bioassay, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Ecology, Public health, Reprints, Low btu gas,
Solid wastes.
PB82-143397 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Airborne Studies of the Emissions from the Vol-
canic Eruptions of Mount St Helens. Journal arti-
cle,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
Peter V. Hobbs, Lawrence F. Radke, Mark W. Eltgroth,
and Dean A. Hegg. 1981, 6p EPA-600/J-81-421
Pub. in Science, v211 p816-818,20 Feb 81.
The concentrations of particles less than 10 microme-
ters in diameter in the ash emissions from Mount St.
Helens have been more than 1000 times greater than
those in the ambient air. Mass loadings of particles
less than 2 micrometers in diameter were generally
several hundred micrograms per cubic meter. In the
ash clouds, produced by the large eruption on 18 May
1960, the concentrations of several trace gases gener-
ally were low. In other emissions, significant, but vari-
able, concentrations of sulfur gases were measured.
The 18 May eruption produced nuees ardentes, light-
ning flashes, and volcanic hail.
Keywords: 'Volcanic ejecta, 'Particle size, 'Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Sulfur, Reprints,
•Mount Saint Helens.
PB82-143405 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trace Analysis for Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Nat-
ural Waters. Journal article,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
Ihor Lysyj, George Perkins, and John S. Fariow. 15 Jan
81.12pEPA-600/J-80-365
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
Pub. in Environmental International, v4 p407-416
1980.
A method of trace analysis of volatile aromatic hydro-
carbons in natural water is described. The method is
based on sparging water samples with nitrogen, ad-
sorption of hydrocarbons on activated charcoal, fol-
lowed by desorption into carbon disulfide and gas
chromatographic analysis. The sensitivity of the
method reaches into the 0.1 to 0.2 mterograms/L con-
centration range for individual aromatic hydrocarbons.
The accuracy and reliability of the method was validat-
ed. The method was used in three field studies: disper-
sion of aromatic hydrocarbons discharged from the
Trans-Alaska Pipeline southern terminal throughout
Port Valdez; survey of the Atigun River Watershed
after the oil spill on June 10,1979; and chemical char-
acterization of treated effluents from offshore oil ex-
traction platforms in the Gulf of Mexico.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Trace elements, Water pollution. Chemical analysis,
Gas chromatography, Field tests, Desorption, Adsorp-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, *Water
pollution detection, Activated charcoal.
PB82-143439 PC A02/MF A01
A Computer Control and Acquisition System for
Atomic Absorption Data. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Lawrence E. Holboke. 1981, 24p EPA-600/J-80-111
Pub. in Chemical, Biomedical, and Environmental In-
strumentation, v11 (1) p27-48 1981.
A system is presented that controls and acquires data
from a Perkin-Elmer 603 or similar atomic absorption
spectrophotometer operating in the flame mode and
equipped with a 200 place auto-sampler. The hard-
ware consists of a PDP11 computer with minimum pe-
ripheral equipment and a simple instrument interface.
The software is primarily a single large Fortran proram
in an RT-11, V3B operating system environment. The
use of overlays reduces memory requirements to
about 24 kilowords. The software provides for perma-
nent storage of verified analytical data on a primary
device and a secondary, backup device, in addition to
printed reports. Data handling techniques allow cor-
rection for baseline and sensitivity drift, detection limit
estimation, calculation of spike recoveries, and the use
of standard additions analysis methods. Emphasis has
been placed on quality control procedures, easily un-
derstood operator dialogue, and data security.
Keywords: 'Atomic spectra, 'Chemical analysis,
'Computer programming, Fortran, Samplers, Quality
control. Reprints, 'Atomic absorption flame spectros-
copy, PDP-11 computers. Computer aided analysis,
Computer applications.
PB82-143447 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Autorhythmometry. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Chronobiology Labs.
Franz Halberg, Renato Laura, and Franca Carandente.
Dec 81,47p EPA-600/J-76-110
GrantEPA-R-804512
Pub. in La Riceria in Clinica e in Laboratorio, v6 r>3
p207-250,1976.Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white.
The authors stress the importance of rhythmometry,
thanks to which the time course and other peculiarities
of any biological phenomenon can be evaluated by ob-
taining serial .measurements, objectively quantifying
their characteristic features, and working out special
models with the aid of computers. Of special interest,
particularly for the evaluation of reference standards,
is autorhythmometry (AR), to be used at least for cer-
tain variables. This is the method by which each sub-
ject studies himself, performing a certain number of
measurements in the course of the day (or month or
year) of his body temperature, blood pressure, cardiac
rhythm, grip strength, etc. In AR, the subject takes an
active part in the study of his condition of health and it
has been shown that in the majority of cases these
measurements are done with the utmost accuracy and
precision, providing that the purpose of the operations
to be performed has been adequately explained. The
wide spread use of AR, during more of less extended
periods in a lifetime, would permit the assessment of
the normal situation for each individual and thus offer
the possibility of diagnosing any disorder at its very
being; it would thus be of great prophylactic value. The
authors refer to the example of arterial blood pressure;
widely different values for the normal levels can be
found in the texts of different authors. They also show
that a certain pressure may be normal for a given sub-
ject at a certain time of day and be a sign of illness for
another subject or even for the same subject at a dif-
ferent time. The authors suggest the introduction of
AR in the curriculum of secondary schools and into the
routine for outpatients and inpatients. This practice
would increase the availability of information on public
health at a lower cost
Keywords: *Rhythm(Biology), 'Orcadian rhythms,
Physiology, Reprints, 'Foreign technology.
PB82-143793 PC A08/MF A01
Mammoth Cave Area Wastewater Facilities, Ken-
tucky. Final environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Aug 81,157p EPA/904/9-81 -076
See also report dated Apr 81, PB81 -201097.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the Mammoth Cave
Area cities of Horse Cave, Cave City, Park City and
Munfordville, Kentucky and the Mammoth Cave Na-
tional Park. Eight wastewater management alterna-
tives have been evaluated with particular attention to
the sensitivity of the cave environment to wastewater
discharges, the resource value and importance of the
caves, the complexity of the area's subsurface hydrol-
ogy and the financial impacts of the alternatives on the
communities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Caves, Ground water, Cost
analysis, Waste water, Subsurface investigations, Na-
tional parks, Environmental impacts, Waste disposal,
Odors, Sewers, Hydrogeology, Kentucky, Green River,
'Sewage treatment plants, Mammoth Cave, Alterna-
tive planning.
PB82-143884 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Groundwater Management Strategy for Michigan.
Task 4: Resource Definition.
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Nov 81,27p MI/DNR/GW-81-01
Grant EPA-P-005588-01
This document determines to what extent Michigan's
groundwater resources have been defined, by describ-
ing the types, location and quantity of groundwater in-
formation in table form. The tables also list descrip-
tions of the type of data, legal authorities for data col-
lection, collecting party, geographic coverage, updat-
ing frequency and if a computerized data base exists.
Appendices include addresses where information can
be obtained or reviewed and maps denoting county
coverage of certain information.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water resources, 'Infor-
mation retrieval, Inventories, Water supply, Sources,
Technical reports, Water quality management
Tables(Data), Water table, Maps, Michigan, Listings.
PB82-145178 PC A13/MF A01
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of Techniques and Methodology for
the Laboratory Culture of Striped Bass, 'Morone
saxatilis' (Walbaum). Rnal rept. Jul 73-Jun 78,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Bruce A. Rogers, Deborah T. Westin, and Saul B.
Saila Dec 80,286p EPA-600/3-80-000
Contract EPA-68-03-0316
This research was undertaken to develop laboratory
culture techniques for striped bass (Morone saxatilis)
that could be used to provide an adequate supply of
various life stages of this important fish species for
water quality and hazard evaluation testing. The work
includes both an extensive literature review of the data
available on all aspects of its life history and a program
of laboratory experiments to determine the optimal
rearing conditions for each life stage. A comprehen-
sive set of procedures was developed and descnbed
in step-by-step manner for use by research personnel
wishing to maintain laboratory populations of striped
bass for physiological and lexicological use.
Keywords: 'Aquaculture, 'Laboratories, 'Bass,
Larvae, Animal physiology, Eggs, Life cycles, Temper-
ature, Salinity, Oxygen, Toxicity, Diets, Animal nutri-
tion, Water pollution, Tolerances(Physiology), Turbidi-
ty, Tables(Data), 'Morone saxatilis.
PB82-145301 PC A05/MF A01
Guideline for Determination of Good Engineering
Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Docu-
ment for the Stack Height Regulations).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
December 1983 1225
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jul 81.87p EPA-450/4-80-023
See also PB82-145327. Errata sheet inserted.
This report provides background information used to
develop a means of computing good engineering prac-
tice (GEP) stack height per the requirements of Sec-
tion 123 of the Clean Air Act as amended. The report
also summarizes the application of the structure-based
formula to determine GEP stack height under different
general building formations.
Keywords 'Buildings, 'Chimneys. *Air pollution,
Structural design, Height Air flow, Bibliographies, Ab-
stracts.
PB82-145327 PC A04/MF A01
Guideline for Use of Fluid Modeling to Determine
Qood Engineering Practice Stack Height
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 81,53p EPA-450/4-81-003
See also PB82-145301.
The report presents guidelines for developing and re-
viewing fluid modeling studies for determining good
engineering practice stack height It includes review of
appropriate fluid modeling theory and a specific report
requirement checklist
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Chimneys, 'Air pollution.
Structural design, Height Air flow, Plumes, Guidelines.
PM2-145335 PC A05/MF A01
Handbook For Measuring Interstate Rail Carrier
Hole* Cmliiloni
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jan 81,10Op EPA-550/9-81 /200
On January 4.1980, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency published a final rule (45 FR 1252) that revised
the Noise Emission Standards for Transportation
Equipment Interstate Rail Carriers (40 CFR Part 201).
The regulation incorporates noise emission standards
for locomotives and rail cars, and for four noise
sources within rail yards: active retarders, car-coupling
impacts, switcher locomotives, and locomotive load
cell test stands. The Federal Railroad Administration
has issued compliance regulations (42 FR 42343) for
locomotives and raffl cars, and will be publishing com-
pliance regulations for the enforcement of the noise
standards for the four rail yard noise sources. The pur-
pose of this handbook is to provide guidance in meas-
uring compliance with the source noise emission
standards. The handbook is directed at compliance of-
ficers, railroad personnel, local residents, and other
concerned individuals interested in assessing whether
or not the noise emissions from a particular rail yard fa-
oXty exceed the regulatory levels.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Transportation nose, Guide-
fines. Noise pollution. Noise reduction, Acoustic meas-
urement Railroad terminals, Handbooks, 'Noise
levels, 'Noise sources, 'Rail yards.
PB82-14S343 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Sampfeg Frequency for Water Quafity Monitoring.
Final rapt,
Wnois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
Robert H. Harmeson, and Michael J. Barcelona. Nov
81,95plSWS-81-CON-279
Grant EPA-R-604337
The results of a comprehensive study of the effect of
sampfing frequency on observations of trends in water
quatty parameters are reported for a 9-station network
in (Knots. The study period covered two discontinuous
annual periods from October 1976 - October 1977 and
June 1978 - June 1979. Based on an acceptable devi-
ation of 10 percent from the annual daily mean values,
optimum sampfing frequencies were found to vary
from monthly to more often than daily. The average
percent deviation due to monthly sampling was found
to be acceptable for the following water quality param-
eters: sodum, chloride, alkalinity, hardness, and total
dtesoived sofids. More frequent sampling seems to be
inclcated for nitrate, ammonium, and dissolved and
total phosphorus. The remaining parameters - ion,
manganese, copper, zinc, and turbidrty - demand
more frequent sampling than on a monthly basis to
ensure acceptable deviations from long-term means.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Streams, 'Lakes, Quality
control, Sites, Periodic variations, Statistical analysis,
Water quality, Sodium, Chlorides. Calcium carbonates,
Inorganic nitrates, Ammonium, Phosphorus, Metals,
Turbidrty, Collecting methods, Tabtos(Data), Illinois,
'Water pollution sampling.
PB8M45384 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Analysis of Potential Methods to Determine Vola-
tilities of Heavy Crude Oils. Final rept,
ErwJneering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
Robert J. Bryan. Dec 81,60p EPA-909/9-81 -004
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
This report covers the investigation of possible alter-
native methods to measure the volatility of heavy
crude oil. The work was restricted to a literature search
and inquiries made to informed government and indus-
try groups. The current method for determining vapor
graph. The technique is not applicable to some heavy
crudes. Also, there can be an undue influence from
methane and ethane. Alternative methods investigate
include developing data to extend the temperature and
vapor pressure range of the correlation nomograph,
modifying the Reid Vapor Pressure Method, use of a
vapor composition approach, and determining evapo-
ration losses under controlled conditions. Sampling
and analytical problems were evaluated for the alter-
natives. A recommendation was made to conduct fur-
ther studies cfl the \rapor composition method.
Keywords: 'Crude oHs, 'Volatility, 'Heavy oils. 'Vapor
pressure, Storage, Nomographs, Substitutes, Evapo-
ration, Cost analysis, 'Reid vapor pressure method.
PB82-147224 PC AOS/MF A01
Proceedingi of the Ad Hoc IntemattoneJ Meeting
of Regulatory Officials on Alignment of Note*
Test Procedures (let) Held at Washington, DC on
December 9-12,1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Nov81,93p*
See also PB82-147232 thru PB82-147257.
This document presents the Proceedings of the first
Ad Hoc International Meeting of Regulatory Officials
on Alignment of Noise Test Procedures. The Ad Hoc
Meeting was held in Washington, DC. on December 9-
12,1980. The proceedings describe the history and ra-
tionale of the meeting, presents the meeting conclu-
sions, details the meeting agenda, lists the partici-
pants, and summarizes the presentations made at the
meeting and the ensuing discussions.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Acoustic measurement
•Standardization. 'Meetings, International relations,
Noise reduction, Imports, Exports, Aircraft noise,
Transportation noise. Construction equipment Regu-
lations, Technology assessment Motor vehicles, 'Do-
mestic appliances.
PB82-147232
(Order as PB82-147224. PC AOS/MF A01)
OHCO Conference on Notae Abatement PoHdee,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Barbara Blum. 9 May 80,41 p
Included in Proceedngs of the Ad Hoc International
Meeting of Regulatory Officials on Alignment of Noise
Test Procedures. p1-3-3-241980.
No abstract available.
PB82-147240
(Order as PB82-147224, PC AOS/MF A01)
Alignment of Procedures for Measurement of
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
D. Freer. 1981.10p
Prepared in cooperation with International Civil Avia-
tion Organization, Montreal (Quebec).
Included in Proceedmgs of the Ad Hoc International
Mooting of Regulatory Officials on Alignment of Noise
Test Procedures, p3-25-3-351980.
No abstract available.
PB82-147257
(Order as PB82-147224, PC AOS/MF A01)
Alignment of Procedures for Measurement of
None from Domestic Appliances,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
David Steel. 1981,24p
Included in Proceedings of the Ad Hoc International
Meeting of Regulatory Officials on Alignment of Noise
Test Procedures, p3-35-4-41980.
No abstract available.
PB82-147265
PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
On Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air
Quality.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Feb81,164p* ISBN-0-309-03137-0
Library of Congress catalog card no. 81 -80676.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (PL 95-95, 91
Stat 731) established a national program to prevent
significant deterioration of air quality (PSD) where the
air is relatively clean. The amendments also mandated
two independent studies of the PSD provisions of the
Act one to be performed by the National Commission
on Air Quality and one by the National Academy of Sci-
ences. This report contains the findings, conclusions,
and recommendations of the Academy's study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sites, Industrial plants, Sub-
stitutes, 'Air quality, 'Prevention of significant deterio-
ration of air quality.
PB82-147315 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Air Quality Maintenance Analysis In Phoenix, Ari-
zona. Final rept Jul 77,
AeroVironment Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Michael W. Chan, Douglas W. Allard. and Sara J.
Head. 11 May 77.231 p AV-FR-7029
Contract EPA-68-02-2349
This report presents results of an analysis for carbon
monoxide and photochemical oxidants in the Phoenix
Air Quality Maintenance Area. Eleven strategies were
proposed for evaluation as to their effectiveness in at-
taining and maintaining the 8-hour CO and 1-hour oxi-
dant standard. Three basic control strategies - traffic
systems improvements, including highway construc-
tion, improved mass transit including transit incen-
tives, and regional development planning - are part of
the ongoing planning process and, therefore, were as-
sumed throughout the analysis. Two other control
strategies - inspection/maintenance and carpooling -
are already in operation but were evaluated in the
same manner as the remaining six strategies. The six
other strategies considered for inclusion in the Phoe-
nix Air Quality Maintenance Plan were: periodic main-
tenance, vapor recovery, dealer emissions and driving
schedule shifts. In 1990 and 1995, the three baste con-
trol strategies alone would be sufficient to attain and
maintain the standard because of decreasing emis-
sions due to stricter controls on automobile emissions.
However, the reduction would not be adequate to
maintain the standard in the year 2000 and there
would again be exceedances.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Oxi-
dizers, 'Maintenance, Arizona, Exhaust emissions,
Mathematical models, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality,
Phoenix(Arizona), Emission inventories.
PB82-147406 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park.
Technical Assistance Document for the Calibra-
tion and Operation of Automated Ambient Non-
Methane Organic Compound Analyzers. Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Frederick W. Sexton, Raymond A. Michie, Jr., Frank F.
McElroy, and VinsonL. Thompson. Mar81,122p*
EPA-600/4-81-015
Contract EPA-68-02-3222
1226 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This technical assistance document is intended to
serve as a supplement to manufacturers' instruction
manuals for automated, ambient, non-methane organ-
ic compound analyzers. It addresses augmented set-
up, calibration, operation, and maintenance proce-
dures that have been developed for the purpose of
producing non-methane organic compound data suita-
ble for use in the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach
and other dispersion models used to predict ozone
concentrations. The document initially discusses
common aspects of these procedures in general terms
for hydrocarbon analyzers as a whole and then specifi-
cally addresses their application to analyzers manu-
factured by The Bendix Corporation, Mine Safety Ap-
pliances Company, and Beckman Instruments, Inc.,
and Meloy Laboratories, Inc.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Organic compounds, Air
pollution, Calibrating, Maintenance, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Concentratfon(Composition),
Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution detection, EKMA
models, Procedures.
PB82-147752 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Epidemiology Feasibility Study: Effect* of Noise
on the Cardiovascular System. Final rept,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia.
Shirley Thompson. Sep 81,199p EPA-550/9-61 -103
Contract EPA-68-01 -6274
See also Appendix B, PB82-147760.
This report contains a review of all world literature to
date arid a critical analysis of existing foreign and do-
mestic epidemtological research on the nonauditory
physiological effects of noise. In addition, the scientific
literature on hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and
general stress are analyzed for its applicability to noise
effects epidemiology. Information and recommenda-
tions pertinent to a number of substantive and meth-
odological issues related to the design and conduct of
future noise effects epidemiology is also provided.
Keywords: *Noise(Sound), *Stress(Physiology), 'Car-
diovascular system, Feasibility studies, Reviews, Epi-
demiology, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Responses,
Exposure, Public hearth, Literature surveys, Environ-
mental hearth.
PB82-147760 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Epidemiology Feasibility Study: Effects of Noise
on the Cardiovascular System. Appendix B, Anno-
tated Bibliography. Literature: The Effects of
Noise on the Cardiovascular System,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia.
Shirley J. Thompson. Jul 81,248p EPA-550/9-81 -
103B
Contract EPA-68-01-6274
See also PB82-147752 and Appendix C, PB82-
147778.
This bibliography is based on a comprehensive search
of the world literature on the epidemiologk; studies of
the effect of noise on the cardiovascular system in
man. It is composed of a critical analysis of thirty-five
studies published in the English literature and forty-
four studies from foreign journals translated for this
evaluation. The assignment of numerical scores and
ratings are discussed in the narrative report accompa-
nying this bibliography. The assessment criteria em-
ployed, the assessment forms devised for standardiza-
tion of the critiques and summarizations of the evalua-
tions follow.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Noise(Sound),
*Stress(Physiology), 'Cardiovascular system, Ab-
stracts, Feasibility studies, Reviews, Epidemiology,
Hypertension, Blood pressure, Public health, Literature
surveys, Environmental hearth.
PB82-147778 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Epidemiology Feasibility Study: Effects of Noise
on the Cardiovascular System. Appendix C,
Review of Non-Noise Related Research of Cardto-
vascular Disease
South Carolina Univ., Columbia
Julian E Keil, and David M. ProperL Jul 81,103p EPA-
550/9-81-103C
Contract EPA-68-01-6274
See also Appendix B, PB82-147760.
This review will present introductory information about
the pathology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of car-
diovascular diseases. The primary focus will be a dis-
cussion of the key cardiovascular diseases, their mani-
festations, risk factors, etiology of the risk factors and
origin of the precipitants of the diseases. Specifically,
the purpose of this 'state-of-the-art' review is to pro-
vide an empirical foundation for subsequent noise-re-
lated research by: (1) summarizing the current knowl-
edge of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the
cardiovascular diseases; (2) denoting key confounding
and interactive factors which must be considered in
the design of future studies; and (3) identifying path-
ways in the pathogenic process and specifying poten-
tial entry points for investigation of noise as one envi-
ronmental influence on the cardiovascular system.
Keywords: 'Cardiovascular diseases,
*Stress(Physiology), Reviews, Pathology, Epidemiolo-
gy, Risk, Etiology, State of the art, Environmental
health.
PB82-148099 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Industrial Machinery Noise Impact Modeling.
Volume I,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
C. H. Hansen, and B. A. Kugler. Jul 81,191 p BBN-
4535-VOL-1, EPA-550/9-81 /315
Contract EPA-68-01 -5892
See also Volume 2, PB82-148107.
This study describes the development of a machinery
noise computer model which may be used to assess
the effect of occupational noise on the health and wel-
fare of industrial workers. The purpose of the model is
to provide EPA with the methodology to evaluate the
personnel noise problem, to identify the equipment
types responsible for the exposure and to assess the
potential benefits of a given noise control action. Due
to its flexibility in design and application, the model and
supportive computer program can be used by other
federal agencies, state governments, labor and indus-
try as an aid in the development of noise abatement
programs.
Keywords: 'Foundries, 'Sawmills, 'Noise pollution,
Acoustic measurement. Personnel, Exposure, Noise
reduction, Mathematical models, Computer program-
ming, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-148107 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Industrial Machinery Noise Impact Modeling.
Volume II. Appendices,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
B. A. Kugler, and C. H. Hansen. May 81,513p BBN-
4535-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01-5892
See also Volume 1, PB82-148099.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The report presents the computer program developed
to ascertain noise levels to which workers in foundries
and sawmills are exposed. Output data from computer
input are delineated.
Keywords: 'Foundries, 'Sawmills, 'Noise pollution,
Acoustic measurement. Personnel, Exposure, Noise
reduction, Computer programs, Statistical data, 'Noise
levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-148115 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Analysis and Abatement of Highway Construction
Noise. Final rept,
Wyte Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, VA.
William R. Fuller, and Ron Brown. Oct 81,118p WR-
81-19, EPA-550/9-81-314-A
Contract DOT-FH-11 -9455
SeealsoPB82-148123.
This study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
noise characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, availability of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based model for use as a tool to
predict the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
of seven reports were prepared in this study and have
been released for public distribution. This report (Part
A) contains all of the information from the engineering
study phase of the project. It gives information on high-
way construction procedures, highway construction
site noise characteristics, available abatement meas-
ures, and results from field demonstrations on noise
abatement.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment,
'Noise pollution, Noise reduction. Acoustic measure-
ment, Earth handling equipment, Site surveys, Florida,
Maryland, Oregon, California, 'Noise sources, 'Noise
levels.
PB82-148123 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Model for the Prediction of Highway Construc-
tion Noise. Final rept,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, VA.
Kenneth J. Plotkin. Oct 81,123p WR-80-58, EPA-550/
9-81-314-B
Contract DOT-FH-11-9455
See also PB82-148115, and PB82-148131.
This study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
noise characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, availability of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based model for use as a tool to
predict the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
of seven reports were prepared in this study and have
been released for public distribution. This report (Part
B) presents a complete description of the highway
noise prediction model. The report contains a descrip-
tion of the model's formulation and construction, a de-
scription of the program, and a user's manual.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment
'Noise pollution, Noise reduction, Acoustic measure-
ment Earth handling equipment Site surveys. Com-
puter programs, User needs, HINPUT computer pro-
gram, HICNOM computer program, Fortran 4 program-
ming language, Noise sources, Noise levels, IBM 360
computers.
PB82-148131 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
IBM 360/System Batch Version of Highway Con-
struction Noise Model. Final rept,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, VA.
Kenneth J. Plotkin. Oct 81,39p WR-81 -22, EPA-550/
9-81-314-C
Contract DOT-FH-11 -9455
See also PB82-148123, and PB82-148149.
This study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
noise characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, availability of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based model for use as a tool to
predict the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
of seven reports were prepared in this study and have
been released for public distribution. This report pro-
vides additional information to the Part B report on the
highway construction noise model installed at DOT's
Transportation Computer Center on an IBM 360 com-
puter. It delineates the differences between the ver-
sion of the model as installed on the IBM 360 and the
two models (HINPUT and HICNOM) operating on the
Wyle Computer (PDP-11). The report has additional
user's manual information for use on the IBM 360, a
programmer's manual describing changes in going
from the PDP-11 to the IBM 360, and a maintenance
manual.
December 1983 1227
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment,
'Noiso pollution. Noise reduction, Acoustic measure-
ment. Earth handling equipment, Site surveys, Com-
puter programming, User needs, HINPUT computer
program, HICNOM computer program, IBM 360 com-
puters, PDP-11 computers, Noise sources, Noise
lOVQlQ.
PB82-148149 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Highway Construction Noise Field Measurements,
Site 1:1-201 (California) (Appendix A). Final rapt,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
WWam R. Fuller, and Ron Brown. Oct 81,52p EPA-
550/9-81-314-D
Contract DOT-FH-11-9455
See also PB82-148131, and PB82-148156.
This Study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
noise characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, availability of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based model for use as a tool to
predict the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
of seven reports were prepared in this study and have
been released for public distribution. This report con-
tains field data gathered at the field demonstrations at
highway construction site in Route 1-201, California.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment
•Noise pollution, 'CalrfomJa, Noise reduction. Acoustic
measurement, Earth handling equipment Site surveys,
Statistical data,'Noise sources,'Noise levels.
PM2-148156 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
H^hway Construction Notse FteM Measurements,
Site 2:1-205 (Oregon) (Appendix B). Final rept,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
WfSamR. Fuller, and Ron Brown. Oct 81,106pEPA-
550/9-81-314-E
Contract DOT-FH-11-9455
SeeateoPB82-148149,andPB82-148164.
This report contains field data gathered at the field
demonstrations at highway construction sites in 1-205,
Oregon.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment
•Noise pollution, •Oregon, Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement Earth handling equipment Site surveys.
Statistical data,'Noise sources,'Noise levels.
PB82-148164 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Highway Construction Noise Ftetd Measurements,
SH* 3: 1-95/395 (Maryland) (Appendix C). Final
rept,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research. Arlington, VA.
Wwam R. Fuller, and Ron Brown. Oct 81,166p EPA-
550/9-B1-314-F
Contract DOT-FH-11-9455
See also PB82-14B156, and PB82-148172.
TNs study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
note characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, avafebifity of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based nxxlel for use as a tool to
predtet the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
ed for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
seven reports were prepared in this study and have
r pubic dtetributjort This report con-
been released for
tains field data gathered at the field den
mstrations at
highway construction sites in I-95/I-395, Maryland.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment
•Noise pohition, •Maryland, Noise reduction. Acoustic
measurement, Earth hanolng equipment Site surveys.
Statistical data,'Noise sources,'Noise levels.
PB82-148172 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Highway Construction Noise Field Measurements,
Site 4:1-7S (Florida) (Appendix D). Final rept.,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
William R. Fuller, and Ron Brown. Oct 81,221 p EPA-
550/9-81-314-G
Contract DOT-FH-11 -9455
See also PB82-148164.Portk>ns of this document are
not fully legible.
This study investigated the noise associated with high-
way construction activities. It involved the identification
and examination of: highway construction activities,
noise characteristics associated with highway con-
struction activities, availability of highway construction
noise abatement measures, demonstration of con-
struction site noise abatement measures, and devel-
opment of a computer-based model for use as a tool to
predict the noise impact of construction activities and
to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total
of seven reports were prepared in this study and have
been released for public distribution. This report con-
tains field data gathered at the field demonstrations at
highway construction sites in I-75, Florida.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Construction equipment
•Noise pollution, 'Florida, Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement Earth handling equipment Site surveys.
Statistical data, 'Noise sources, 'Noise levels.
PB82-14873S PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1962 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1982,31710p-in15v
Set includes PB82-148743 through PB82-148883.
No abstract available.
PB82-148743 PCW0.50/MF$7.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Atfa Romeo.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Engtewood Cliffs, NJ.
1982,1109p EPA/460-A-a2-1
See also report for 1981, PB81-165938, and PB82-
148750.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems, tt also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: •Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control. Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Test methods. Design, Fuel consumption,
Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles^ 982 models), Alfa Romeo Incorporated, Compli-
ance, Certification, Emission control.
PB82-148750 PC$120.75/MF$10.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
AppBcatkxi for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion (Renault).
American Motors Corp., Detroit Ml.
1982,2315p EPA/460-A-82-2
See also report for 1981, PB81-166027, PB62-
146743, and PB82-148768.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines.
Air pollution control. Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Test methods. Design, Fuel consumption,
Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor vehi-
des(1982 models), Renault Incorporated, Compli-
ance, Certification, Emission control, American Motors
Corporation, Renault automobiles.
PB82-148768 PC*131.00/MF$10.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit Ml.
1982,2520p EPA/460-A-S2-3
See also report for 1980, PB80-142508, PB82-
148750, and PB82-148776.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Certification, Automobile engines, Exhaust systems,
Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles,
Chrysler Corporation, Motor vehicles(1982 models).
Corrective maintenance.
PB82-148776 PC$62.75/MF$7.2S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Flat
Fiat Research and Development Dearborn, Ml. U.S.A.
Branch.
1982,1154p EPA/460-A-82-4
See also report for 1978, PB-287 032, PB82-148768,
andPB82-148784.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
1228 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry, Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Fiat automobiles. Motor vehicles(1982
models).
PB82-148784 PC$251.50/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1982,4930p EPA/460-A-82-5
See also report for 1981, PB81-165961, PB82-
148776, and PB82-148792.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel consumption,
Automotive fuels, * Light duty vehicles. Motor vehi-
ctes(198Z models), Ford Motor Company, Compli-
ance, Certification, Emission control.
PB82-148792 PC$275.50/MF$18.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • General Motors Corporation.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1982,5408p EPA/460-A-82-6
See also report for 1981, PB81-200214, PB82-
148784, and PB82-148800.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains trie results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry, Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehictes(1982 models), General
Motors Corporation.
PB82-148800 PC$52.75/MF$6.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1982,956p EPA/460-A-82-7
See also report for 1981, PB81 -200297, PB82-
148792, and PB82-148818.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry, Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems. Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1982 models), Honda auto-
mobiles, American Honda Motor Company Incorporat-
ed.
PB82-148818 PC$68.50/MF$7.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar, Rover, Triumph.
Jaguar Rover Triumph, Inc., Leonia, NJ.
1982,1271pEPA/460-A-82-8
See also report for 1981, PB81-200255, PB82-
148800, and PB82-148826.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry, Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Motor vehicles(1982 models). Jaguar auto-
mobiles, British Leyland Motors Incorporated.
PB82-148826 PC$97.75/MF$9.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda (Toyo-Kogyo).
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
1982,1854p EPA/460-A-82-9
See also report for 1981, PB81 -166001, PB82-
148818, and PB82-148834.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel consumption,
Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(l982 models), Mazda, Compliance, Certification,
Emission control.
PB82-148834 PC$34.25/MF$5.7S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1982, 583p EPA/460-A-82-10
See also report for 1980, PB80-188964, PB82-
148826, and PB82-148842.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC £99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automotive industry, Regulations, Fuel
systems, Maintenance, Certification, Exhaust systems,
Automobile engities, Air pollution control equipment,
'Light duty vehicles, Mercedes Benz Incorporated,
Motor vehicles(1982 models).
PB82-148842 PC$76.00/MF$7.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Dirty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1982,1417p EPA/460-A-82-11
See also report for 1981, PB81-200164, PB82-
146834, and PB82-148859.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions,
Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition systems, Fuel
systems, Certification, 'Light duty vehicles, Truck en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance, Mitsubi-
shi Motors Corporation.
PB82-148859 PC$90.25/MF$8.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Nissan (Datsun).
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1982,1705p EPA/460-A-82-12
December 1983 1229
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also report for 1978, PB-287 056, PB82-148842,
and PB82-148867.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification, tn the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry. Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines. Fuel systems. Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems. Light duty vehicles, Fugitive
emissions, Nissan Motor Company, Motor vehi-
ctes<1982 models).
P882-148M7 PCJ179.00/MFJ13.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1982,3476p EPA/460-A-S2-13
See also report for 1980, PB80-188980, PB82-
148859. and P882-148875.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
fight-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emission, Automo-
tive industry, Regulations, Fuel systems. Maintenance,
Certification, Exhaust systems. Automobile engines.
Air pollution control equipment, 'Light duty vehicles,
Peugeot of America limited, Motor vehides(1982
models).
P682-148875 PC$45.00/MF»6.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
• " ' n tor Certification 1982 Model Year
r Vehicles - Saab-Scante.
MIA of America, Inc.. Orange, CT.
1982, 801p EPA/460-A-82-14
See also report for 1981, PB81-166035, PB82-
148867, and PB82-1 48883.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an appBcation for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Wends to
odel year.
ing
l year. These engi-
market during the upc
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
foHowed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of erres&ion testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Engines, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel consumption,
Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(1982 models), Saab Scania Incorporated, Com-
pliance, Certification, Emission control.
PB82-148883 PC$115.50/MF$10.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
AppBcation for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Secaucus, NJ.
1982,2212p EPA/460-A-82-15
See also report for 1981, PB81-200271, and PB82-
148875.
Also available in set of 15 reports PC E99, PB82-
148735.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution control, Automobile industry, Regulations, Main-
tenance, Automobile engines, Fuel systems. Certifica-
tion, Exhaust systems, *LJght duty vehicles. Fugitive
emissions. Motor ver»des(1982 models), Toyota auto-
mobiles, Toyota Motor Company Limited.
PB82-148891 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicle*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1982,2002p-in3v
Set includes PB82-148909 through PB82-148925.
No abstract available.
PB82-148909 PC$29.50/MF$5.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - General Motor*.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1982,491p EPA/460-A-82-16
See also report for 1981, PB81-200180, and PB82-
148917.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
148891.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformrty is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions,
Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition systems. Fuel
systems. Certification, 'Heavy duty engines, Truck en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance, General
Motors Corporation.
PB82-148917 PC$37.25/MF$5.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Cummins Engine.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, (N.
1982,644p EPA/460-A-82-17
See also report for 1981, PB81-200123, PB82-
148909, and PB82-148925.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
148891.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions,
Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition systems, Fuel
systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty engines. Truck en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance, Cum-
mins Engine Company Incorporated.
PB82-148925 PC$48.50/MF$6.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1982,867p EPA/460-A-82-18
See also report for 1981, PB81-166415, and PB82-
148917.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
148891.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Test methods, Design, Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
Motor vehides(1982 models), Compliance, Certifica-
tion, Emission control, Air pollution control, Ford Motor
Company.
PB82-149006 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Mississippi, Water Year
1980. Water-data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
Div.
Dec 81,425p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /091, USGS/WDR/
MS-80/1
Prepared in cooperation with Mississippi Dept of Natu-
ral Resources. See also report for 1979, PB81-
176331.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
1230 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground-water wells. This report con-
tains records of water discharge at 82 gaging stations;
stage records for 17 of these gaging stations; stage
only at 4 gaging stations; contents for 4 lakes; water
quality for 32 gaging stations, and 105 wells; and water
levels for 360 observation wells. Also included are
peak-discharge data for 94 crest-stage partial-record
stations and water quality data at 19 partial record or
miscellaneous sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
sippi, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-149238 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Urban Pest Management
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Dec 80,299p ISBN-0-309-03125-7
Contract EPA-68-01-2430
Library of Congress catalog card no. 80-83966.
Partial contents: Perspectives on urban pest manage-
ment; Major urban pests; Management of urban pests;
Economics of urban pest management; Urban pest
management decision making.
Keywords: 'Pests, 'Pest control, 'Urban areas, Man-
agement, Pesticides, Disease vectors, Rodents, Public
health, Pesticides, Tolerances(Physiology), Hazards,
Birds, Cost analysis, Biological pest control.
PB82-149923 CP T03
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
FB*. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Art Glazer, Brenda Daly, and Diane Rrvinus. Nov 81,
mag tape EPA/DF-82/001
Supersedes PB81 -191751.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set and certain
fields contain packed decimal data. Character set re-
stricts preparation in 9 track, one^half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
This file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file will be updated with information com-
piled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data on this file will be
printed by the Government Printing Office in Decem-
ber 1982 with data compiled as of November 1981.
There will be a separate volume for each region with
Region I numbered SW 987.1 through Region X as SW
897.10. The data includes names and addresses of
the facility owner and operator, transportation modes,
whether generator or transporter or desposer and the
code numbers of wastes generated.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, Waste
disposal, Licenses.
PB82-151531 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Source Category Survey: Animal Feed Dryers.
Final rept
Midwest Research Inst, Raleigh, NC.
Dec 81,112p EPA-450/3-81-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3059
This report presents the findings of a study to assess
the need for new source performance standards
(NSPS) for animal feed dryers. Industries which use
animal feed dryers are included in SIC 2046: Wet Com
Milling; SIC 2047: Dog, Cat, and Other Pet Food; SIC
2048: Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients for Ani-
mals and Fowls; SIC 2063: Beet Sugar SIC 2075: Soy-
bean Oil Mills; SIC 2077: Animal and Marine Fats and
Oils; SIC 2082: Malt Beverages; and SIC 2085: Dis-
tilled, Rectified, and Blended liquors. Information and
estimates concerning production, growth, industry
structure, and emissions are presented. Animal leed
dryers are sources of paniculate matter emissions at
plants where they are used. Methods of air pollution
control and their effectiveness are examined. Summa-
ry of State regulations applicable to dryers is given. An
estimate of total emission reduction achievable
through an NSPS is given.
Keywords: 'Feeders, 'Air pollution, 'Agricultural ma-
chinery, 'Drying apparatus, State government,
Sources, Standards, Regulations, Particles, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Process charting, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, 'New source performance
standards.
PB82-151564 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Spokane County Comprehensive Wastewater
Management Plan. Final environmental impact state-
ment
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Kathryn M. Davidson. Aug 81,323p EPA-910/9-81 -
087
See also PB81-165441.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This final environmental impact statement states the
Environmental Protection Agency's recommended al-
ternative for wastewater treatment in Spokane County,
Washington. The alternative chosen by the county and
approved by the EPA includes collection and transport
of all county wastewater to the city of Spokane's cen-
tral wastewater treatment plant.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Construction, Sewers, Water
storage, Environmental impacts, Surface waters,
Water pollution. Rivers, Lakes, Chlorine, Odors, Fish-
eries, Esthetics, Washington(State), Spokane
CountyfWashington).
PB82-152174 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Surface Coating: Appliances - Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards.
(Draft Environmental Impact Statement). Rnal
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,193p EPA-450/3-80-037A
This document contains information used as the basis
for developing proposed New Source Performance
Standards for the appliance surface coating oper-
ations. The document includes an industry description,
descriptions of model plants and regulatory alterna-
tives considered, and environmental, energy, and eco-
nomic impact analyses of the regulatory alternatives. A
separate section in this document is devoted solely to
an analysis of the potential environmental impacts as-
sociated with the proposed standards. Both adverse
and beneficial impacts in such areas as air and water
pollution, increased solid waste disposal, and in-
creased energy consumption are discussed.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Air pollution, 'Standards,
Design, Industrial plants, Regulations, Environmental
surveys, Economic impact 'New source performance
standards, 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
Energy consumption.
PB82-152851 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Coal Preparation Plants.
TRW Energy Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
Dec 80,93p EPA-450/3-80-022
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
This study has reviewed and assessed the need to
revise the new source performance standards (NSPS)
for coal preparation plants. These standards limited
paniculate emissions or opacities from pneumatic coal
cleaning equipment coal dryers, coal processing and
conveying, coal storage, and coal transfer and loading.
Control device performances have not changed
enough to justify changing the paniculate standards.
Emissions of SO2 are too small to justify setting stand-
ards for this pollutant EPA plans to investigate coal
storage piles and unloading stations as unregulated
sources of potential paniculate fugitive emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Coal
preparation, Sulfur dioxide. Particles, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Desurfurization, 'New source
performance standards, 'Air pollution abatement Fu-
gitive emissions, Stationary sources.
PB82-152869 PC A14/MF A01
Bulk Gasoline Terminals - Background Informa-
tion for Proposed Standards. (Draft Environmen-
tal Impact Statement). Interim final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 80, 323p EPA-450/3-80-038A
Standards of performance to control volatile organic
compound emissions from new, modified, and recon-
structed bulk gasoline terminal loading racks are being
proposed under the authority of Section III of the Clean
Air Act. This document contains background informa-
tion and environmental and economic assessments of
the regulatory alternatives considered in developing
the proposed standards. A separate Section in this
document is devoted solely to an analysis of the po-
tential environmental impacts associated with the pro-
posed standards. Both adverse and beneficial impacts
in such areas as air and water pollution, increased
solid waste disposal, and increased energy consump-
tion are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Terminal facilities, 'Gaso-
line, 'Standards, Economic analysis, Substitutes, As-
sessments, Marketing, Petroleum products, Bulk
cargo, Revisions, Regulations, Environmental impacts,
'New source performance standards, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Baseline sources, State im-
plementation plans, Clean Air Act, Emission factors,
Stationary sources.
PB82-152919 PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Use Observations Monterey County,
California, April 29-May 2,1977,
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
Aug 77, 42p EPA-330/2-77-018
From April 29 to May 2,1977 a pesticide use observa-
tion was conducted by the National Enforcement In-
vestigations Center(NEIC) on a lettuce field in Monte-
rey County, California. During the observation, an EPA
study team evaluated the activities associated with the
aerial application of Phosdrin to control an infestation
of aphids. The use observation study in Monterey
County revealed exemplary storage and handling pro-
cedures.
Keywords: 'Safety, 'Pesticides, Monitoring, Spraying,
Vegetable crops, Storage, Chemical analysis, Water
supply, Soils, Evaluation, Regulations, California, Mon-
terey County(California), 'Pesticide residues.
PB82-153024 PC A99/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wyoming, Water Year
1980. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Cheyenne, WY. Water Resources
Div.
1980,632p USGS/WRD/HD-81/007
See also Volume 2 for Water Year 1978, PB80-
177587.
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Wyo-
ming consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report contains discharge
records for 161 gaging stations; stage only records for
1 lake; stage and contents for 11 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 93 gaging stations, 44 ungaged sta-
tions, 100 wells and springs; and water levels for 36
observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Wyo-
ming, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water
table, Temperature, Missouri River Basin, 'Water qual-
ity data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB82-153180 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Measurements of the Impulsiveness and Annoy-
ance of Compression - Release Engine Brake
Noise,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
Sanford Fidell, and Richard Horonjeff. Dec 81,97p
BBN-4550, EPA-550/9-82-100
Contract EPA-68-01-6273
December 1983 1231
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The research described in this report was undertaken
to evaluate the potential contribution to the overall an-
noyance of heavy truck noise of the impulsive charac-
ter of exhaust noise created by engine compression-
release braking devices. Although growing numbers of
trucks are likely to be equipped with these safety de-
vices in the future, current methods for assessing
health and welfare effects of traffic noise on residential
populations make on specific provision for annoyance
associated with impulsive noise sources. The two
major goals of the current research were (1) to quantify
the impulsive emissions generated by compression-re-
lease engine brakes in the course of typical operation
of heavy vehicles so equipped, and (2) to quantify the
annoyance associated with such emissions. A pro-
gram of physical field measurements designed to meet
the first goal is described in Section III of this report
Subjective judgment experimentation conducted
under laboratory conditions to meet the second goal is
reported in Section IV.
Keywords: 'Trucks, "Dynamic braking, * Noise pollu-
tion, Brakes(Motk>n arresters), Field tests, Heavy duty
vehicles, Compression release braking, Engine brak-
ing. Noise levels.
PB82-153586 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Tire Wear Parttculates. Final
rept Feb 79-Apr 80,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
Leonard Bogdan, and Thomas M. Albrechcinski. Nov
81,72p EPA-460/3-81-036
Contract EPA-68-03-2781
This report describes results from laboratory test con-
ditions to collect and characterize tire wear particu-
lates as produced by the operation of passenger car
tires. The tests were performed on a single radial tire
(DR78-14) and a single bias tire using the capabilities
of the Calspan Tire Research Facility (TIRF) that fea-
tures a flat test surface consisting of a coated steel
belt that simulates the friction properties of actual road
surfaces. Tires were also tested under typical toad and
inflation pressure conditions. The general conclusions
were: (1) Airborne rubber partkxilates were produced
in an extremely small quantity, (2) The bulk of the col-
lected airborne particulates were identified as contami-
nant debris, (3) Tests on the radial tire produced a par-
ticle size distribution with a medium particle diameter
about one-half of that produced by identical tests on
the bias tire.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Wear tests, Particles,
Airborne wastes, Air pollution, Particle size distribution,
•Racial tires, *Bias tires.
PB82-1S3768 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NO
•Spodoptora frugiperda' Nuclear Polyhedrosis
Virus Genome: Physical Haps for Restriction En-
donucteases BarnHI and Hlndlll. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Lambert C. Lori, John J. Hamm, and Eng-Shang
Huang. 9 Mar 81,12p EPA-600/J-81 -517
Grant EPA-R-806210
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, v38 n3 p922-931 Jun 81. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Department of Agriculture,
Titan, GA.
The physical map for the genome of Spodoptera frugi-
perda nuclear polyhedrosis virus was constructed for
restriction endonucteases BamHI and Hindlll. The or-
dering of the restriction fragments was accomplished
by cross-blot hybridization of BamHI, Hindlll, and
EcoRI fragments. The alignment of the Hindlll frag-
within the BamHI map was achieved by double
merits i
digestion with the two restriction endonucteases fol-
lowed by cross-blot hybridization. The results showed
that the viral genome consisted of mainly unique se-
quences. In addition, the circular nature of the viral
genome was reaffirmed.
Keywords: *Qenes, 'Viruses, Maps, Microorganisms,
Genetics, Reprints, Spodoptera frugiperda, "Nuclear
polyhedrosis viruses, Endonucteases.
PB62-153776 PC A02/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Application of a Novel Radtolmmunoassay to
Identify Baculovirus Structural Proteins that
Share Interspecies Antlgenlc Determinants. Jour-
nal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept of Ento-
mology.
Gale fc. Smith, and Max D. Summers. 30 Mar 81,15p
EPA-600/J-81-518
Grant EPA-R-805232
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, v39 n1 p125-137 Jut 81.
Viral proteins were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide
gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and incubated with
viral antisera, and the antibodies were detected with
125 (-labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Anti-
sera were prepared to purified and intact virions from
five baculoviruses: Autographa califomica, Porthetria
dispar, Trichoplusia ni, and Heliothis zea nuclear poly-
hedrosis viruses (NPVs) and T. ni granulosis virus
(GV). These antisera were tested against the virion
structural polypeptides of 17 different spcies of bacu-
loviruses. Specific multiple-nudeocapsid NPV
(MNPV), single-nudeocapsid NPV (SNPV), and GV
virion polypeptides were shown to have similar anti-
genie determinants and thus be immunologically relat-
ed. The molecular weights of the virion polypeptides
with cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identi-
fied. Antisera prepared to purified A. califomica and H.
zea MNPV polyhedrin (the occlusion body protein from
NPVs) recognized antigenic determinants on all the
polyhedrins and granulins (occlusion body protein from
GVs) that were tested. No immundogical relationship
was detected between A. califomica MNPV polyhedrin
and any of the A. californtca MNPV virion structural po-
lypeptides present on either the virus isolated from oc-
clusion bodies or A. califomica MNPV extracellular
virus from infected-cell cultures.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Proteins, Identifying, Antigens,
Labeled substances, Immunology, Virology, Reprints,
'Radioimmunoassay, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacuto-
PB82-153784 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Water Raman Emission to Correct Air-
borne Laser Fluorosensor Data for Effects of
Water Optical Attenuation. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Michael Bristow, David Nielsen, Donald Bundy, and
Robert Furtek. 20 Mar 81,20p EPA-600/J-81 -184
Pub. in Applied Optics, v20 n17 p2889-2906,1 Sep 81.
Airborne laser fluorosensor measurements of ftuoro-
phore concentrations in surface waters are highly sen-
sitive to interference from changes in optical attenu-
ation. This interference can be eliminated by normaliz-
ing the fluorescence signal with the concurrent water
Raman signal. In our application to remotely monitor
chlorophyll a concentrations in fresh waters, the
Raman-corrected chlorophyll a fluorescence measure-
ments were found to be highly correlated with chloro-
phyll a ground truth data Also, the reciprocal of the
water Raman signal was seen to vary directly as the
beam attenuation coefficient It is suggested that this
latter relationship be exploited as a means for remotely
sensing changes in the optical attenuation of surface
waters.
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, 'Water analysis, 'Chlor-
ophylls, Aerial surveys, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Fluorescence, Water pollution,
ConcentratJon(Composition), Surface waters, Re-
prints, 'Laser spectroscopy, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, 'Raman spectroscopy.
PB82-153792 PC A02/MF A01
Broadening of the BF Power-Density Window for
Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tissue. Journal arti-
cle
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
William T. Joines, Carl F. Blackman, and Mark A.
HolKs. 16Mar81,10pEPA-600/J-S1/509
Pub. in IEEE Translations on Biomedical Engineering,
v28n8p568-573Jan81.
Blackman et al. have reported enhanced efflux of cal-
cium tons from chicken forebrains, exposed in vitro in a
50 ohms stripline to 147 MHz radiation, modulated sin-
usoidalry at 16 Hz. When the spacing between the
sample tubes was 3.8 cm on center, enhancement oc-
curred at an incident power density of 0.83 mW/sq cm,
but not at 0.11, 0.55,1.11, or 1.38 mW/sq cm. When
the spacing between sample tubes was reduced to 1.9
cm, significant enhanced efflux was observed at inci-
dent power densities of 0.55,0.83,1.11, and 1.38 mW/
sq cm. This broadening of the effective power-density
range is explained herein by calculations which show
that the more closely spaced samples interact electri-
cally in a way that both lowers and broadens the range
of spatial variation of absorbed power density
(microwatts/cu cm) within the sample for a given inci-
dent power density (mW/sq cm). Electrical coupling
among the samples allows several different values of
incident power to yield exactly the same value of
power absorbed at given points within the brain
sample. Because the absorbed power density must be
directly related to the power that interacts with the
brain to enhance the efflux of calcium ions, the electro-
magnetic conditions for efflux enhancement in cou-
pled and uncoupled brains are the same if the ab-
sorbed power density is the same. Ranges of ab-
sorbed power density are identified that could be ef-
fective in enhancing the efflux of calcium ions from
brain tissue.
Keywords: 'Calcium, 'Brain, 'Radiation effects, Chick-
ens, Physiological effects, Reprints.
PB82-153958 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement.
Assessment of the Impacts of Industrial Dis-
charges on Publicly Owned Treatment Works: Ap-
pendlcles. Final rept
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Nov81,468p
Contract EPA-68-01-5052
The Regulatory Impact Analysis Report (Final) was
prepared to evaluate the General Pretreatment Regu-
lations (40 CFR 403) and a range of possible alterna-
tive regulatory strategies/options in a manner consist-
ent with the intent of Executive Order 12291. This eval-
uation examined the need to protect the operations of
publicly owned treatment works from industrial dis-
charges, the potential contamination of POTW sludge,
and the need to control the pass through of toxic pol-
lutants specifically included in EPA categorical pre-
treatment standards for industries. The analysis fo-
cuses on identification of key policy issues and rele-
vant data and use of analytical techniques to assist
EPA in evaluating the General Pretreatment Regula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal,
'Sewage treatment, Hazardous materials,
Law(Jurisprudence), Regulations, Toxicrty, Metals, Or-
ganic compounds, Exposure, Public health, Evalua-
tion, Government policies, Air pollution, Water quality,
Municipalities, National government,
PretreatmentO/Vater), Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-154113 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Emission Characterization of an Alcohol/Diesel-
Pilot Fueled Compression-Ignition Engine and Its
Heavy-Duty Diesel Counterpart Final rept Aug 80-
Aug81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Terry L Uliman, and Charles T. Hare. Aug 81,239p
EPA-460/3-81-023
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
This report describes results from emissions testing of
a prototype diesel engine, developed by Volvo Truck
Corporation of Sweden, which uses pilot injection of
diesel fuel for compression ignition of alcohol fuel in-
jection for main combustion. In addition to this dual-
fuel engine, emission testing was also conducted on a
heavy-duty diesel engine of similar design. Both en-
gines were tested over the 1979 13-mode FTP, or
shorter versions of this modal test and over the 1984
Transient FTP as well as an experimental bus cycle.
The dual-fuel engine was characterized with methanol,
ethanol and ethartol with 30 percent water (wt %). An
oxidation catalyst was also used with methanol and
ethanol. Emission characterization included regulated
emissions (HC, CO, and NOX) along with total panicu-
late, unbumed alcohols, individual hydrocarbons, alde-
hydes, phenols, and odor. The paniculate matter was
characterized in terms of particle size distribution, sul-
fate content, C, H, S, metal content and soluble organ-
ic fraction. The soluble organic fraction was studied by
determining its elemental composition (C,H,S,N), boil-
1232 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing point distribution, BaP content, relative make-up of
polar compounds, and bioactivity by Ames testing.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, *Air pollution control, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Methyl alcohol, Ethanol, Aldehydes, Phenols,
Odors, Comparison, Tests, "Alcohol fuels, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Heavy duty vehicles.
PB82-154204 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
East/Central Contra Costa County Wastewater
Management Plan: Acute Impact of Discharge at
Alternative Outfall Locations.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., San Francisco, CA.
Jun76,85p
Prepared in cooperation with Reid (Thomas) Associ-
ates, Palo Alto, CA.
This study is an analysis and comparison of three alter-
native discharge locations for the North Shore subre-
gional wastewater treatment facility. It addresses the
acute, local impacts on fish that result from immediate
effluent dilution in the vicinity of the outfall. Three alter-
native sites are located 45 to 55 miles upstream in the
San Francisco Bay estuary in an area dominated by
tidal flow. There is variable salinity and semidiurnal
tidal change resulting in alternating upstream and
downstream currents which alternate every 6 1/4
hours.
Keywords: "Outfall sewers, 'Sewage disposal, 'Water
pollution, 'Estuaries, Dilution, Monitoring, Sites, San
Joaquin River, San Francisco Bay, Ocean currents,
Fishes, Water quality, Environmental impacts, Salinity,
California, Contra Costa County(Califomia).
PB82-154212 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
East/Central Contra Costa County Wastewater
Management Plan. Draft environmental impact state-
ment (Summary).
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., San Francisco, CA.
Apr76,80p
Prepared in cooperation with Reid (Thomas) Associ-
ates, Palo Alto, CA.
The purpose of the wastewater management plan is to
provide adequate treatment and disposal for sewage
from a present day population of 90,000 persons in
Contra Costa County. The locality studied includes ex-
tensive residential, agricultural, industrial and recre-
ational areas bounded on the north by the Sacramento
and the San Joaquin Rivers. The River system is sub-
ject to important beneficial uses including fish and
wildlife habitat, recreation and freshwater withdrawal
for irrigation, domestic supply and industrial use. The
proposed project provides for conveyance of sewage
located to the east of Pittsburg; Local secondary treat-
ment and land disposal and discharge to the surface
waters of the Sacramento Bay and estuary.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewage disposal,
'Environmental impact statementsxlraft, Outfall
sewers, Sacramento Bay, San Joaquin River, Con-
struction, Noise pollution, Dust, Aquatic animals.
Fishes, Water quality, Cost analysis, California, Contra
Costa County(Califomia).
PB82-154261 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
Economic Impact of Implementing Volatile Organ-
ic Compound Group II Regulations In Ohio. Final
rept Jun-Dec81,
Dames and Moore, Park Ridge, IL
John W. Formento, Rajan Chaudhry, Thomas J. Ptoski,
and Matt Klickman. Dec 81,263p 9094-139-07, EPA-
905/5-82-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3508
The major objective of the contract effort was to deter-
mine the direct economic impact of implementing Rea-
sonably Available Control Technology (RACT) stand-
ards in Ohio. The study is to be used primarily to assist
EPA and Ohio decisions on achieving the volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emission limitations of the
RACT standards. The economic impact was assessed
for the following eight RACT industrial categories: pe-
troleum refinery fugitive emissions; surface coating of
miscellaneous metal parts and products; gasoline tank
trucks; synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing;
rubber tire manufacture; graphic arts; petroleum liquid
storage in external floating roof tanks; and dry clean-
ers using perchloroethylene. The scope of this project
was to determine the costs and direct impact of control
to achieve RACT limitations for these eight VOC indus-
trial categories in Ohio. Direct economic costs and
benefits from the implementation of RACT limitations
were identified and quantified. While secondary im-
pacts (social, energy, employment etc.) are ad-
dressed, they were not a major emphasis in the study.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Standards, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Ohio, State government, Assessments, Petrole-
um industry, Refineries, Coatings, Drug industry, Tires,
Dry cleaning, Industrial wastes, Tank trucks. Gasoline,
Regulations, "Reasonably available control technolo-
gy, 'Volatile organic compounds, Fugitive emissions.
PB82-154337 PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Wyoming, Water Year
1980. Volume 2. Green River Basin, Bear River
Basin, and Snake River Basin. Annual rept. 1 Oct
79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Cheyenne, WY. Water Resources
Div.
Oct 81,179p USGS/WRD/HD-81/002, USGS-WDR-
WY-80-2
See also Volume 1, PB81 -103129.
Water resources data tor the 1980 water year for Wyo-
ming consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells. This report contains discharge
records for 62 gaging stations; stage and contents for
3 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 38 gaging sta-
tions and 20 ungaged stations; and water levels for 7
observation wells. Also included are 24 crest-stage
partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, "Wyo-
ming, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Green River, Bear River, Snake River,
'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-154345 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Sulfate Control Technology Vehicle Testing. Final
rept,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ.
Products Research Div.
Dennis F. Hess, Mary H. Keims, and Kenneth C.
Bachman. Dec 81,88p EPA-460/3-81 -035
Contract EPA-68-03-2342
A total of four vehicles, two tow excess air-oxidation
catalyst systems and two three-way catalyst systems,
were built to demonstrate the feasibility of low sulfate
production automotive emission control technology.
The general conclusions are summarized: (a) To suc-
cessfully implement the low excess air concept the en-
gine's fuel metering system must be capable of con-
trolling the A/F ratio at the required 'slightly lean' value
regardless of vehicle driving mode, (b) Secondly, the
oxidation catalyst bed must light-off quickly from cold
start conditions, (c) Third, the three-way catalyst must
be maintained within its operating window by precise
control of the engine at a stoichiometric A/F ratio.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Sulfates,
Catalysts, Technology, Feasibility, Exhaust emissions,
Design, Performance evaluation, "Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB82-154444 PC A04/MF A01
Algal Btoassays of Industrial and Energy Process
Effluents. Book article.
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL.
Gerald E. Walsh, and Robert G. Merril. Jan 82,73p
EPA-600/D-82-141, CONTRIB-427
This review presents laboratory data and their interpre-
tation with regard to effects of pollutants on marine
and freshwater unicellular algae. Stimulation and inhi-
bition of growth are considered to be equally undesir-
able. It is suggested that a search for new species for
use in tenacity tests be made because the widely-used
green alga, Setenastrum capricomutum, may not be
one of the most sensitive freshwater species. Several
algal species should be used to test each toxicant be-
cause there is not a single most-sensitive species and
the conditions under which species are tested affects
response. The batch method is the most commonly
used exposure system for defining relative effects of
pollutants, but mixed-species continuous culture pre-
sents a more realistic approach to estimation of effects
in natural systems. Algae are more sensitive to indus-
trial and energy-process wastes than animals. They re-
spond to growth stimulants and growth inhibitors, and
the stimulation response occurs at concentrations
much lower than those that inhibit growth.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Algae, "Bioassay, Growth,
Physiological effects. Indicator species, Exposure,
"Water pollution effects(Plants), "Toxic substances,
Selenastrum capricomutum, "Bioindicators.
PB82-154600 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Accumulation, Fractlonatlon and Release of Oil by
the Intertidal Clam 'Macoma balthlca'. Journal arti-
cle,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst. of Marine Science.
L. E. Clement, M. S. Stekoll, and D. G. Shaw. 1980,
12pEPA-600/J-80-373
Grant EPA-R-803922
Pub. in Marine Biology, 57, D41-40 1980.
The bivalve mollusc Macoma balthica accumulated hy-
drocarbons during 180 days of continuous exposure to
Prudhoe Bay crude oil in seawater dispersions with
nominal concentrations of 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 mg 1-1.
The mollusc's ability to concentrate oil from sea-water
increased with decreasing oil-in-water concentration.
Decreases in oil burden began after 30 to 120 days
(depending on the oil concentration) and continued for
at least 60 days after exposure to oil ceased. Aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons were fractionated in mark-
edly different ways by the bivalve. Branched and cyclic
aliphatics in the molecular weight-range dodecane
through hexadecane were preferentially retained over
straight chain and their higher homologs. Larger and
more substituted aromatic compounds were selective-
ly concentrated. There appeared to be no selective
concentration of aromatic sulphur compounds.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Water pollution, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Cqmposition), Prudhoe Bay,
Clams, Mollusca, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hy-
drocarbons, Reprints, 'Oil pollution, 'Macoma balth-
PB82-154618 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Photorepair In Larval Anchovy, 'Engraulte
mordax'. Journal article,
National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA. South-
west Fisheries Center.
Sandor E. Kaupp, and John R. Hunter. 1981,6p EPA-
600/J-81-502C
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v33 p253-
2561981.
Photorepair of UV-B lesions occurred in embryonic
northern anchovy larvae. The photoreactJve fluence
rate required to fully activate photorepair mechanisms
was less than 10% of that available from the sun on a
clear day in March (33N). Even with UV-B enhance-
ment from ozone depletion, sufficient photoreactive
fluence exists in the sea to ensure maximal photore-
pair of UV damage in anchovy larvae.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
Larvae, Ozone, Reprints, 'Anchovies, 'Engraulis
mordax, 'Photorepair.
PB82-154626 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecologlcaj Perspective on Water Quality Goal*.
Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
James R. Kan. 1981,16p EPA-600/J-81-496
Grant EPA-R-806391
Pub. in Environmental Management, v5 n1 p55-68
1981.
The central assumption of nonpoint source pollution
control efforts in agricultural watersheds is that tradi-
tional erosion control programs are sufficient to insure
high quality water resources. The author outlines the
December 1983 1233
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
inadequacies of that assumption, especially as they
relate to the goal of attaining ecological integrity. The
declining biobc integrity of our water resources over
the past two decades is not exclusively due to water
quality (physical/chemical) degradation. Improvement
in many aspects of the quality of the water resources
must be approached with a much broader perspective
than improvement of (physical/chemical) conditions.
Other deficiencies in nonpoint pollution control pro-
grams are discussed and a new approach to the prob-
lem is outlined.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Water pollution control,
Ecology, Improvement, Erosion control, Water flow,
Chemical properties, Standards, Nutrients, Aquatic
animals. Reprints, 'Agkxiltural watersheds, Nonpoint
sources, Ecosystems.
PB82-1S4634 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Riparian Vegetation and Channel Morphology
Impact on Spatial Patterns of Water Quality In Ag-
ricultural Watershed*. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
Isaac J. Schlosser, and James R. Karr. Jan 81,14p
EPA-600/J-81-497
Grant EPA-R-806391
Pub. in Environmental Management v5 n3 p233-243
1981.
A model based on the KLS factors of the Universal Soil
Loss Equation (USLE) accurately predicted temporal
dynamics and relative peak levels of suspended
solids, turbidity, and phosphorus in an agricultural wa-
tershed with well-protected streambanks and cultiva-
tion to the stream edge. Fine suspended solids derived
from surface runoff appeared to be a major component
of the suspended solids in this stream. The model did
not predict the same parameters in a watershed with
unstable channel substrates, exposed streambanks
and heterogeneity in riparian vegetation and channel
morphology.
Keywords: •Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Watersheds,
Vegetation, Soil erosion, Turbidity, Phosphorus, Geo-
morphology, Mathematical models, Reprints, * Agricul-
tural watersheds. Suspended solids, 'Water potfution
sources.
PB82-154642 PC A02/MF A01
CorvaWs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Water Qualty ki Agricultural Watersheds: Impact
of Riparian Vegetation during Base How. Journal
article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Isaac J. Schlosser, and James R. Karr. 1981, 8p EPA-
600/J-81-498
Grant EPA-R-806391
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v17 n2 p233-240
AprBI.
Water quality was monitored for 17 months during
base flow periods in six agricultural watersheds to
evaluate the impact of riparian vegetation on suspend-
ed solids and nutrient concentrations. In areas without
riparian vegetation, both instream algal production and
seasonal low flows appeared to be major determinants
of suspended solids, turbidity, and phosphorus con-
centrations. Peak levels of all parameters were
reached during the summer when flows were reduced
and bentnic algal production was high.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Stream pollution, Monitoring,
Seasonal variations, Algae, Biological productivity,
TurbkSty, CorK»ntratJon(Composit)on), Phosphorus,
Summer, Base ftow. Reprints, 'Agricultural water-
sheds. Suspended soJids, Low flow.
PW2-154659 PC A02/MF A01
CorvaNis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Screening for Toxic Effects on Interspecles Inter-
actions: A Mechanistic or an Empirical Approach.
Journal article.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
Stephen R. Hanson. 1981. 9p EPA-600/ J-81 -500
Pub. in Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 10, p597-603
1981.
The use of empirical and mechanistic approaches are
possMe in the development of tests to screen for a
substance's potential to affect interspeties interac-
tions. The advantages and disadvantages of the two
approaches are discussed. An experimental study is
presented in which an empirical and a mechanistic
screening test for effects on exploitative competition
between bacterial species were established and per-
turbed with nalidixic acid. Comparison of test results in-
dicates that the mechanistic test was faster, cheaper,
more sensitive, and more quantitative. The empirical
test attained similar sensitivity and quantification only if
the dynamics of the competition event was continu-
ously monitored; requiring even greater cost and time.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Screening, Tests, Bacteria,
Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Analytical
methods.
PB82-154667 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Solar and Artificial Ultravlolet-B Radi-
ation on Larval Northern Anchovy, 'Engraulls
mordax'. Journal article.
National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA. South-
west Fisheries Center.
John R. Hunter, Sandor E. Kaupp, and John H. Taylor.
27 Mar 81,12p EPA-600/ J-81 -501
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobtology, v34 p477-
4861981.
Northern anchovy larvae were exposed to various
amounts of both natural (global solar) and artificial
(sunlamps filtered by cellulose triacetate) UV-B energy
over a 12-day period. Dosage was determined on the
basis of a weighting function for biological effective-
ness. The action spectrum on which this biologically
effective dose for anchovy mortality is based was de-
veloped using broad-band spectroscopy. These ex-
periments indicated that biologically adverse condi-
tions exist near the sea surface. Larvae exposed in
shallow containers to global solar UV for 12 days suf-
fered significant UV mortality from Befruary to Octo-
ber. Larvae surviving all solar and artificial UV doses
were smaller than those not exposed to UV. The data
suggest that larvae in the sea may be subject to some
UV-B stress at present Owing to their seasonality of
spawning and vertical distribution, anchovy popula-
tions may not be gravely endangered by moderate de-
grees of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, Larvae, Exposure,
Dosage, Lethal dosage, Reprints, 'Anchovies, *En-
graults mordax.
P882-154675 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Long-Term Distributions of Annual Sediment
Yields from Small Watersheds. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
John Van Sickle. 1981, 7p EPA-600/J-81-499
Grant EPA-R-806255
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v17 n3 D659-663
Jun81.
Annual sediment yields from small (< 20 sq km)
mountain watersheds in the northwestern United
States are approximately log normally distributed over
time. Stochastic sediment yield models, based on
brief, infrequent transport events, reproduce the log
normal property. Observed cumulative distributions of
annual yields from several Pacific Northwest drainages
also appear to be log normal. The property gives a sta-
tistical basis for interpreting annual yield data For ex-
ample, impacts of watershed disturbance should be
assessed by median rather than mean annual yield.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Sediment transport 'Water-
sheds, Mathematical models, Yield, Stochastic proc-
esses, Forest land, Harvesting, Runoff, Reprints, Pa-
cific Northwest Region(United States).
PB82-154683 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Canopy Modification and Accumulated
Sediment on Stream Communities. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Michael L Murphy, Charles P. Hawkins, and N. H.
Anderson. 1981,12p EPA-600/J-81-494
Grant EPA-R-804087
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
110,p469-4781981.
Small streams differing in sediment composition were
compared in logged and forested reaches to deter-
mine effects of accumulated fine sediment on stream
communities under different trophic conditions. Three
stages of forest community succession were studied in
the Cascade Mountains: recently clear-cut area with-
out forest canopy (5-10 years after logging); second-
growth forest (30-40 years after logging); and old-
growth coniferous forest (450 years old).
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Animal ecology, 'Stream pol-
lution, 'Forest land, Primary biological productivity,
Biomass, Lumbering, Benthos, Trout Invertebrates,
Respiration, Abundance, Ecological succession, Cas-
cade Mountains, California, Reprints, Trophic level,
Plant canopies.
PB82-154691 PC A02/MF A01
Stream Nutrient Levels and Proximity of Agricul-
tural and Forest Land to Streams: Some Relation-
ships. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Omemik. A. R. Abemathy, and L M. Male. 1981,
7p EPA-600/J-81-495
Pub. in Jnl. of Soil and Water Conservation, v36 n4
p227-231 Jul-Aug81.
The effectiveness of forested buffer strips for control-
ling nutrient loss from agricultural land to streams is
not well documented. To clarify this effectiveness, an
attempt was made to determine whether considering
the proximity of two land use types (agriculture and
forest) to streams improved the ability to predict nutri-
ent levels over simply using the proportion of water-
sheds occupied by each land use.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Stream pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Land use, Agriculture, Forest land. Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Concentration(Composition), Vege-
tation, Sediments, Comparison, Mathematical models,
Reprints.
PB82-154709 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Protocol for Measuring the Relative Toxtotty of
Substances on Plant Foliage. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
C. R. Thompson, Gerrit Kats, Philip W. Dawson, and
Denise A. Doyle. 1981, 9p EPA-600/J-81-505
Grant EPA-R-806270
Pub. in Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 26, D281-287
1981.
Increasing numbers of synthetic chemicals and natu-
rally occurring substances are being utilized in many
newly developed processes and in so doing become
part of our environment To find out how these com-
pounds may be affecting vegetation, a standard test
was needed for comparative evaluation of these mate-
rials so that government control officials could comply
with the recently enacted Toxic Substances Control
Act Presented here is a protocol describing a proce-
dure to test the effects of a variety of toxic substances
on standard test plants.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, *P1ants(Botany), Measure-
ment Vegetation, Tests, Standards, Reprints, 'Toxic
substances, 'Protocols, Toxic Substances Control
Act Public Law 94-469.
PB82-1S4717 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Dally Regional Sulfur
Distribution: Comparison with SURE Sulfate Data
and Visual Range Observations during August
1977. Journal article,
Washington Univ., St Louis, MO.
D. E. Patterson, R. B. Husar, W. E. Wilson, and L R.
Smith. 13 Jan 81,19p EPA-600/J-81 -056
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v20 p70-86 Apr
81.
The daily distribution of sulfate concentration over the
eastern United States during August 1977 is simulated
by a Monte Carlo model using quantized emissions,
positioned in accordance with the 1973 EPA SO2
emission inventory. Horizontal advection within a
single well-mixed vertical layer is driven by observed
surface winds, speeded by a factor of 2.5 and veered
20. Direct simulation of regional diffusion is implement-
ed by random perturbation of each quantum's trajecto-
ry over each 3 h timestep, corresponding to K = 10 to
the 5th power sq m/s. First order kinetics of SO2 to
1234 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SO4(-2) transformation and deposition of SO2 and
SO4 are simulated by probabilistic choice among the
chemical and physical pathways over each step. The
simulated spatial distributions are compared on a daily
basis to measured sulfate concentration from the Sul-
fate Regional Experiment (SURE) and midday visual
range observations, indicating the primary role of air-
mass residence time over the eastern United States in
producing regional pollution. The light extinction coeffi-
cient, b(ext), and SURE SO4(-2) show remarkable spa-
tial and temporal agreement throughout the month.
The correlations of daily average SO4 concentration
and b(ext) over the SURE region with the Monte Carlo
simulation are 0.63 and 0.67, respectively. The correla-
tion between daily average b(ext) and measured SO4(-
2) is 0.84.
Keywords: *Monte Carlo method, 'Mathematical
models, 'Sulfates, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Reaction kinetics, Com-
parison, Visibility, Reprints, "Eastern Region(United
States), Sulfate Regional Experiment.
PB82-154725 PC A02/MF A01
Transport of Naphthalene In the Oyster 'Ostrea
•duds'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. T. Riley, M. A. Shirazi, and R. C. Swartz. 1981, 9p
EPA-600/J-81-506
Pub. in Marine Biology, v63 n3 p325-3301981.
In small oysters (Ostrea edulis), transport of naphtha-
lene between tissues is primarily by diffusion and not
via the circulatory system. In intact oysters, accumula-
tion in the adductor muscle and body followed accu-
mulation in the gills after a large lag-time. In isolated
tissues with no shell to impede water flux over the
body and adductor muscle, there was no lag-time. The
molecular diffusivity (D) of naphthalene in oyster
tissue, estimated by Pick's second law of diffusion is D
= 8x10tothe8th power sq cm per s, a value similar
to D determined for lateral diffusion of lipophilic com-
pounds in liptd membrane systems.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Naphthalene, 'Toxicology, Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Tissues(Biology), Reprints,
'Ostrea edulis, Bioaccumulatjon.
PB82-154733 PC A02/MF A01
Phosphorus Retention Capacity of Lakes. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Larsen, and H. T. Merrier. 1976,12p EPA-600/J-
76-112
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, v33 n8 p1742-17501976.
Mass balance models have been developed to de-
scribe the relationship between phosphorus (P) con-
centrations in lakes and the supply of P to lakes.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Sediments, Mathematical models, Biological produc-
tivity, Canada, Reprints, 'Foreign technology, 'Trophic
PB82-154741 PC A02/MF A01
Limnology of Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, Prior to
Reduction of Phosphorus Loading. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Larsen, and K. W. Malueg. 1976,15p EPA-600/J-
76-111
Pub. in Hydrobfologia, v50 n2 p177-1891976.
Various limnotogical parameters have been measured
in Shagawa Lake, a culturally eutrophic lake in north-
eastern Minnesota, from 1970-1972. These included
temperature; specific conductance; dissolved oxygen;
alkalinity; pH; total and ortnophosphate phosphorus;
nitrate, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen; chlorophyll a;
transparency, major cations; and selected trace ele-
ments. The lake exhibited many characteristics of high
productivity.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Water pollution, 'Shagawa
Lake, Monitoring, Temperature, Phosphorus, Inorganic
phosphates, Chlorophylls, pH, Metals, Dissolved
gases. Oxygen, Concentration(Composition), Minne-
sota, Reprints, 'Eutrophication.
P682-154758 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Dose/Dose-Rate Responses of Shrimp Larvae to
UV-B Radiation. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Oceanography.
David M. Damkaer, Douglas B. Dey, and Gayle A.
Heron. 25Oct80, 7pCONTRIB-1183, EPA-600/J-81-
504
Pub. in Oecologia (Berl) 48, p178-182 1981. Prepared
in cooperation with National Marine Fisheries Service,
Manchester, WA.
Previous work indicated dose-rate thresholds in the ef-
fects of UV-B on the near-surface larvae of three
shrimp species. Additional observations suggest that
the total dose response varies with dose-rate. Below
0.002 W sq m (DNA) irradiance no significant effect is
noted in activity, development or survival. Beyond that
dose-rate threshold, shrimp larvae are significantly af-
fected if the total dose exceeds about 85 J sq m
(DNA). Predictions cannot be made without both the
dose-rate and the dose. These dose/dose-rate thresh-
olds are compared to four-year mean dose/dose-rate
solar UV-B inadiances at the experimental site, meas-
ured at the surface and calculated for 1 m depth. The
probability that the shrimp larvae would receive lethal
irradiance is low for the first half of the season of sur-
face occurrence, even with a 44% increase in damag-
ing UV radiation.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Dosimetry, 'Shrimps,
'Ultraviolet radiation, Radiation dosage, Responses,
Larvae, Shellfish, Crustacea, Reprints.
PB82-154766 PC A02/MF A01
A Direct Method to Assay Neurotoxlc Esterase
Activity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Salah A. Soliman, August Curley, and Abdel-Khalek El-
Sebae. 23 Dec 80,8p EPA-600/J-81-510
Contract EPA-68-02-3252
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 9, p283-288 1981.
A direct photometric method for assaying neurotoxic
esterase (NTE) activity of chicken brain microsomal
preparation has been developed using 4-nitrophenyl
esters as substrates. Paired samples of the microso-
mal preparation were preincubated for 20 min. with
paraoxon plus either (a) buffer or (b) mipafox before
addition of substrate. The initial rate of NTE activity
was directly recorded at 410 nm by matching the con-
tent of tube (a) against lube (b) after addition of the
substrate to both of them. The 4-nitrophenyl esters pf
propionic, butyric, valeric, lauric, capric and caproic
acids were tested as substrates. Results indicated that
4-nitrophenyl valerate and caporate, respectively, are
the most hydrolyzable substrates for NTE with this
method; it also enables detained kinetic studies of
NTE to be made. The Michaelis constant (Km) for the
hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl valerate by NTE was found
tobe0.0000555M.
Keywords: 'Esterases, 'Photometry, 'Reaction kinet-
ics, Assaying, Chickens, Brains, Activity, Substrates,
Reprints, 'Valeric acid/(nrtrophenyl-ester), 'Neurotox-
ins, 'Caproic acid/(nitrophenyl-ester).
PB82-154774 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Hazard of Lead Exposure In the Home from Recy-
cled Automobile Storage Batteries. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
Jack L. Dolcourt, Charles Finch, Gordon D. Coleman,
Albert J. Klimas, and Christopher R. Milar. 18 Dec 80,
8p EPA-600/J-81-515
Pub. in Pediatrics, v68 n2 p225-229 Aug 81. Prepared
in cooperation with Center for Disease Control, Atlan-
ta, GA., North Carolina Dept. of Human Resources,
Raleigh, New Hanover Memorial Hospital, Wilmington,
NC., and Cabarrus County Health Dept, Concord, NC.
Two families from rural areas of North Carolina had ex-
cessive lead exposure which resulted from either recy-
cling exhausted automobile storage batteries in the
home or burning the discarded battery casings for
home heating. One child developed encephalopathy
resulting in permanent brain damage. Decontamina-
tion efforts reduced the quantity of lead in the home
environment by > 50%. Rural children, previously con-
sidered to be at low risk, may in fact receive profound
exposures which may go unrecognized until encepha-
lopathy occurs. Occupational histories should be ob-
tained from parents in order to detect children at risk
from environmental toxins brought into the home on
workmen's bodies and clothing.
Keywords: 'Storage batteries, 'Lead acid batteries,
'Toxicology, 'Hazardous materials, Rural areas,
Motor vehicles, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Air pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB82-154782 PC A02/MF A01
Trace Analyses for Wastewaters. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
John A. Glaser, Denis L. Foerst, Gerald D. McKee,
Stephen A. Quave, and William L. Budde. Jan 82,12p
EPA-600/J-81-241
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology,
p1426-14351981.
The concept and theory of method detection limit are
developed in detail. Applications of the method detec-
tion limit to the analysis of organics by the EPA 600
series methods are presented with an interpretation of
the results.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, 'Organ-
ic compounds, Chemical analysis, Performance eval-
uation, Sewage, Industrial wastes, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, High performance liquid chromatography, Proce-
dures.
PB82-154790 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Resarch Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Particle Emissions and the Production of Ozone
and Nitrogen Oxides from the Burning of Forest
Slash. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Atmospheric Sci-
ences.
Jeffrey L. Stith, Lawrence F. Radke, and Peter V.
Hobbs. 1981,12pEPA-600/J-81-507
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 p73-82 1981.
Airborne measurements in the plumes from three pre-
scribed bums of conifer slash showed the number con-
centration-size spectra to be biomodal with peaks at
about 0.1 and about 0.5 micrometer. The mass distri-
bution was sharply peaked at about 0.3 micrometer
where over 80% of the mass of the particles in the
plume resided. Most of the particles in the plumes
were of primary rather than secondary origin. The
burns emitted paniculate mass into the atmosphere at
rates of 0.1-15/kgs during the active burning phase.
The average density of the particles ranged from 0.75
to 1.34 g/cc. Estimates of particle emission factors for
the burns ranged from 0.2 to 2% higher values being
associated with higher fuel consumption rates. The
bums were prolific sources of cloud condensation
nuclei (CCN), producing about 10 to the 10th power -
10 to the 11th power CCN per gram of wood con-
sumed. The CCN resulted in anomalously high con-
centrations of water droplets greater than 10 microme-
ter diameter in the cumulus clouds produced by the
bums. Ozone concentrations near the tops of the
plumes reached values as high as 44 ppb above ambi-
ent values, the higher values generally being associat-
ed with high u.v. intensities. Peak concentrations of
NO2 and NO in the plumes were about 60 ppb; the
ratio of NOx/NO ranged from 1 to 3 SO2 was not
found in the plumes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Particles, 'Wood wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Combustion products,
Plumes, Reprints.
PB82-154808 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The Ontogeny of Resistance Adaptation and Met-
abolic Compensation to Salinity and Temperature
by the Caridean Shrimp, •Palaemonetes puglo',
and Modification by Sublethal Zinc Exposure,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept of Biology.
Charles L McKenney, Jr., and Jerry M. Neff. Jan 82,
38p EPA-600/D-82-140,, ERL.GB-127
Grant NSF-ID075-04890
Pub. in Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants
(Academic Press, Inc., NY), p205-240.
Changing patterns in survival and metabolic rates were
measured during the complete larval development of
the estuarine shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, reared
December 1983 1235
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
from hatch through metamorphosis in 9 combinations
of salinity (7-31 degrees/ooS) and temperature (20-
30C), both with and without exposure to a subtethal
zinc concentration (0.23 pom Zn). White early larval
stages are extremely tolerant of a broad range of salin-
ities and temperatures, late larval stages, beginning
with the second to the last larval stage, are more sen-
sitive to temperature than early larval stages. The most
pronounced influence of sublethal zinc exposure on
metabolic rates of developing larvae was a depression
of the respiratory rates of the first stage, second from
the last and the last larval stage under conditions of
moderate to high temperatures in nigh salinities and in
low salinity-temperature conditions.
Keywords: 'Shrimp, 'Salinity, 'Temperature, 'Zinc,
Shellfish, Crustacea, Metals, Exposure, Larvae, Re-
prints, Palaemonetes pugio, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB82-154816 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, R_
Seatpnal Changes In the Amphlpod Fauna of 'HI-
crocfoctt proMfefA* (Eltts MM! Sotandw) (PoctfofK
DMMMpongia) and Associated Sponges in a Shal-
low SaH-Marah CnMk. Journal article,
Charleston Coll., SC. Grice Marine Biological Lab.
Charles K, Biembaum. Jun 81,12p CONTRIB-51,
EPA-600/J-82-491
Grant EPA-R-804688
Pub. in Estuaries, v4 n2 p85-96 Jun 81.
Between September 1976 and August 1978, samples
of four species of sponge, Microctona prolifera, Hali-
dona loosanoffi, LJssodendcxyx, and Hatichondria
bowerbanki were coflected from subtidal shell debris in
a North Edisto River, South Carolina saltmarsh creek
and associated ampNpods identified. Seasonal
changes in amphipod dominance were however ap-
proximately the same in all sponge species.
Keywords: 'Porifera, 'Crustacea, 'Symbiosis, Sam-
ping, Density(Mass/volume), Substrates, Seasonal
variations, North Edisto River, South Carolina, Re-
pnnte.'Mjcrociofia prolifera, Halidona, Ussodendoryx,
I biichofKhia.
PB82-154824
or Rflrt P^tui
> aft*
PC A02/MF A01
rradbrtton with
2450-MHz (CW) Microwaves. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC. Experimental Biology Div.
E. Berman, H. B. Carter, and 5. House. 24 Oct 80,7p
EPA-600/J-61-520
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power 16(1), 09-131981.
Female Sprague-Dawtey (CD) rats were exposed to
2450-MHz(CW) microwave radiation at incident power
densities of 0 or 28 mW/sq cm for 100 min daily on the
6th through 15th day of gestation. The whole-body
specific absorption rate at 28 mW/sq cm is estimated
to be 4.2 W/kg. These exposure conditions raised rats'
average cotonc temperatures to 40.3C at the end of ir-
radatwn. There were 67 sham-irradiated and 70
rrfcrowave-irradtated females. When these groups
were compared, no significant differences were found
in pregnancy rates; in the numbers of five, dead, or
total fetuses; in the incidences of external, visceral, or
skeletal anomalies or variations; or in the body weight
of five fetuses. It is concluded that these conditions do
not have an effect on the gross structure of the fetal rat
when applied repetitively during post-implantation
pregnancy. It is also strongly suspected that this lack
of an effect may hold true at arty exposure level less
than that which will kill a significant number of the
dams by hyperthermia (cotonic temperature > 40C).
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Absorption, Pregnancy, Reprints,
Fetuses.
PB82-154832 PC A03/MF A01
Raaponaai of Experimental Eatuarlne Communi-
ties to Continuous CNorination. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL
Peter F. Sheridan, and Alston C. Badger. 2 Jan 81,27p
EPA-600/J-81-124
Pub. in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 13, p337-
3471981.
The effects of continuous chkxination (as NaOCf) on
estuarine benthtc organisms were investigated with
plankton-derived experimental communities. Twelve
consecutive studies were conducted, each of which
consisted of approximately 60 days colonization peri-
ods from flowing estuarine waters continuously receiv-
ing nominal 0.00, 0.47, 0.94, or 1.41 mg/liter chlorine
produced oridant (CPO). Compared to controls, short-
term (60 day) effects of chlorinafon included elimina-
tion of dominant species, replacement of one domi-
nant species by another, and increased toxic effects
correlated with extreme cold weather. Long-term ef-
fects (pooled over the 27 month study) included
changes in the overall community composition and
40% reduction in numbers of individuals in communi-
ties receiving chlorine. Total numbers of species re-
corded were unaffected by chtorination.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Toxicology, Water pollution, Es-
tuaries, Benthos, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'toxic substances.
£682-154840 PC A02/MF A01
Disinfection of Filtered and UnfUtered Secondary
Effluent In Two Ozone Contactors. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. D. Venosa. M. C. Meckes, E. J. Opatken, and J. W.
Evans. 15 Jan 81,14p EPA-600/J-80-374
Pub. in Environment international, v4 p299-3111980.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect
of filtration of secondary effluent on the mass transfer
and disinfection efficiencies of two ozone contactors.
The two contactors used in the comparison were a
multioolumn bubble diffuser and a stirred tank reactor.
The approach chosen was based on a type of statisti-
cal experimental design used in a previous contactor
comparison. The design made it possible to compare
the ozone transfer and coliform reduction efficiencies
of the two contactors with respect to applied dose,
while at the same time comparing filtered and unfil-
tered effluent Results indicated that better mass
transfer efficiency and, consequently, better coliform
reduction efficiency occurred in the bubble diffuser,
and the differences between contactors increased
with dose. Mass transfer in both contactors was higher
in unfiltered effluent than in filtered effluent The most
signffcant factors affecting the fecal coliform numbers
in the treated secondary effluent were total chemical
oxygen demand (COO) and absorbed ozone dose. Re-
gression equations were developed to predict final
coliform numbers as a function of COD and absorbed
ozone dose.
Keywords: 'Waste water. 'Disinfection, 'Ozone,
'Bacteria, Coliform, Microorganisms, Bactericides, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution control.
PB82-1548S7 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Morphological Effects of Prolonged Exposure to
Ozone and Surfuric Add Aerosol on the Rat Lung.
Journal article,
California Univ., Davis.
P. F. Moore, and L W. Schwartz. 5 Jan 81,18p EPA-
600/J-81-519
Contract EPA-68-02-2496
Pub. in Experimental and Molecular Pathology 35,
p108-1231981.
Trie purpose of this study was to determine the pulmo-
nary effects of a combination of ozone (0.5 ppm) and
suHuric acid aerosol (1 mg/cu. m.) and to assess the
posstoaity of interactive effects. Groups of Sprague-
Dawtey rats were continously exposed to the pollut-
ants, either indnriduaHy or combined, for 3, 50, 9O, or
180 days. After 180 days of exposure, additional
groups breathed dean air for a further 62 days. Mor-
phological evaluation inducted light microscopy, autor-
adbgraphy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and
transmission electron microscopy. Quantification of
pulmonary centriactnar inflammatory cell response
was performed by SEM. The results clearly demon-
strated that exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone for 180 days
resulted in a persistent inflammatory response in the
pulmonary centriacmr region together with a structur-
al modrfication of the terminal bronchiole - proximal al-
veolar duct junction. SuHuric acid aerosol did not
induce pulmonary morphological changes, nor did it
potentiate lesions produced by simultaneous ozone
exposure. After termination of the 62-day postexpo-
sure period, ozone and ozone plus sutfuric acid pos-
texposure rats demonstrated a marked diminution in
the intensity of the pulmonary centriacinar inflamma-
tory response and a partial restoration of normal cen-
triacinar structure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Respiratory system, 'Ozone,
'Surfuric acid, Lung, Rats, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Aerosols, Morphology, Pathology, Reprints,
Acids, 'Toxic substances, Synergism.
PB82-154865 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Sensitive NMR Thermometer for Muttfnudel FT
NMR. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, J. Terry Bailey, and David A. Wright 6
Aug 79,6p EPA-600/J-80-375
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of Magnetic Resonance 37, p353-356
1980.
A pernicious problem in multinuclei FT NMR is accu-
rate measurement of sample temperature. This arises
from several factors including widespread use of high-
power decoupling, large sample tubes (with potentially
targe temperature gradients across the sample
volume), and lack of suitable compounds having tem-
perature-dependent shielding characteristics. The use
of proton shieldings is generally precluded as a result
of 1H decoupling. Use of thermocouples or thermistors
to monitor sample temperature involves either meas-
urement of flow gas temperature (which may not be
the same as the sample temperature) or insertion of
the device into the sample. Although the latter practice
may give an accurate temperature reading at any one
point in the sample, it is not sensitive to gradients in
temperature. Stopping an experiment and placing one
of these devices in a sample necessarily perturbs the
temperature of the sample. In addition, there is evi-
dence of thermocouple thermometry errors resulting
from large magnetic fields.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Tempera-
ture measuring instruments, Monitoring, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, 'Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB82-154873 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Yttrium-89 NMR: A Possible Spin Relaxation Probe
for Studying Metal Ion Interactions with Organic
Uganda. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, Peter L Rinaldi, and J. Terry Bailey.
14 Nov 79,9p EPA-600/ J-80-376
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of Magnetic Resonance 40, p167-173
1980.
The spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms for aqueous
and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of Y(NO3)3 have
been found to be mainly spin-rotation and dipolar re-
laxation with solvent protons, unlike most heavy
spin=1/2 metal ions which are relaxed mainly by spin-
rotation and chemical shift anisotropy. The theoretical
maximum (89)Y((1)H) NOEF value of -10.2 was ob-
served when tau (c) for the ion was lengthened by low-
ering the temperature of the aqueous salt solution to
5C, or when yttrium was complexed to an organic
ligand. Since (89)Y has a sensitivity of 0.67 relative to
mat of (13)C, the relative importance of dipolar relax-
ation and the large theoretical maximum NOEF make
(89)Y a possible value NOE structure probe. Such
studies can complement relaxation and shift data ob-
tained from other diamagnetic and paramagnetic
lanthanid ions.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Spin lattice
relaxation. Ions, LJgands, Dipotes, Metals, Reprints,
'Yttrium 89, 'Ion molecule interactions, Chemical
srtffts
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v85 n1 0363-370,14 Nov 78. Prepared in
cooperation with North Carolina Agricultural and Tech-
nical State Univ., Greensboro, and Florida State Univ.,
Tallahassee.
The extent of segmental motion of the backbone and
sidechain carbons of the glycopeptide antibiotic, bleo-
mycin-A(2) in aqueous solution, has been determined
from the natural abundance carbon-13 spin-lattice re-
laxation times T(1) measured at 67.89 MHz. The back-
bone carbons of the central residues have an average
T(1) of 163 msec, corresponding to an isotropic rota-
tional correlation time of 3.9 x 10 to the -10 power sec.
The backbone and sidechain carbons exhibit varying
degrees of motional freedom. The solution conforma-
tion of bleomycin-A(2) is discussed in terms of the con-
formationa! flexibility available to these carbons.
Keywords: 'Spin lattice relaxation, 'Isotopic labeling.
Reprints, 'Molecular conformation, *Bleomycin, NSC
125066, Carbon 13.
PB82-1S4899 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Aqueous Relaxation Reagents In NKrogen-15
NMR. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
James J. Dechter, and George C. Levy. 20 Oct 79,11 p
EPA-SOO/J-80-377
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of Magnetic Resonance 39, p207-2lS
1980.
Electron-nuclear relaxation times T(1)supe's for 15N
and 13C in natural abundance are measured for a
series of amines in aqueous solution using Gd(lll) com-
plexes of a series of polyaminocarboxylate Ikjands as
paramagnetic relaxation reagents (PARRs). The
PARRs are classified by their predominant mode of
interaction with the amine substrates (i.e. specific or
non specific). The specific PARRs are evaluated quali-
tatively as NMR spin labels through their selectivity as
measured by 15N T(l)supe's toward substrates of dif-
ferent Lewis base strength and through the degree of
scalar line broadening induced in the substrate reson-
ances. Additionally, trie aqueous PARRs are com-
pared with better characterized nonaqueous PARRs,
O(acac)3 and Gd(dpm)3. It is concluded that the
tfethytenetriaminepentaacetic acid complex,
Gd(DTPA)(-2), is a satisfactory specific PARR and
NMR spin label. The triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic
acid complex, Gd(TTHA)(-3), is shown to be a useful
non specific PARR although it is a charged complex;
the presence of charged groups in substrates results
in weak spin label effects. Finally, the behavior of
these PARRs is contrasted with that of hydrated transi-
tion metal and lanthanide Ions.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance,'Isotopic la-
beling, Gadolinium, Complex compounds, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, 'Paramagnetic relaxation
reagents, 'Nitrogen 15, 'Carbon 13, Triethylene te-
traamine hexaacetic acid.
PW2-154907 PC A02/MF A01
Broadening of tha RF Power-Density Window for
Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tt*su*. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Oiv.
William T. JoTnes, Carl F. Blackman, and Mark A.
Hollis. 16 Mar 81, 8p EPA-600/J-81-514
Pub. in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,
v28n8pS68-573Aug81.
Blackman, et al. have reported enhanced efflux of cal-
cium ions from chicken forebrains, exposed in vitro in a
50 ohm stripline to 147 MHz radiation, modulated sinu-
soidalty at 16 Hz. When the spacing between the
sample tubes was 3.8 cm on center, enhancement oc-
curred at an incident power density of 0.83 mW/cm,
but not at 0.11,0.55,1.11, or 1.38 mW/sq cm. When
the spacing between sample tubes was reduced to 1.9
cm, significant enhanced efflux was observed at inci-
dent power densities of 0.55,0.83,1.11, and 1.38 mW/
sq cm. This broadening of the effective power-density
range is explained herein by calculations which show
that the more closely spaced samples interact electri-
cally in a way that both lowers and broadens the range
of spatial variation of absorbed power density
(mfcrowatt/cu cm) within the sample for a given inci-
dent power density (mW/sq cm). Electrical coupling
among the samples allows several different values of
incident power to yield exactly the same value of
power absorber at given points within the brain
sample. Because the absorbed power density must be
directly related to the power that interacts with the
brain to enhance the efflux of calcium ions, the electro-
magnetic conditions for efflux enhancement in cou-
pled and uncoupled brains are the same if the ab-
sorbed power density is the same. Ranges of ab-
sorbed power density are identified that could be ef-
fective in enhancing the efflux of calcium ions from the
brain tissue.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Brains, 'Calcium,
Tissues(Biology), Chickens, In vitro analysis, Reprints.
PB82-154915 PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Microwave Heating In 5-Hydroxy-
tryptamlne-lnduced Hypothormlc Mice. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
R. J. Smialowicz, M. M. Riddle, P. L. Brugnolotti, R. R.
Rogers, and K. L. Compton. 3 Apr 81,12p EPA-600/J-
81-513
Pub. in Radiation Research 88, p108-1171981.
The intraperitoneal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT) in unrestrained and unanesthetized mice held
at 22C causes a hypothermia which is maximal after
approximately 15 minutes. When mice injected with 5-
HT were held in a controlled environment of 22C and
50% relative humidity and exposed to microwaves
(2450 MHz, cw) at 1 mW/sq cm for 15 minutes, signifi-
cant increases were observed in the body temperature
of these mice compared to 5-HT-treated sham-irradiat-
ed mice. The magnitude of the response was related
to power density (10 > 5 > 1 mW/sq cm). Saline-in-
jected mice exposed for 15 minutes at 10 mW/sq cm
(specific absorption rate = 7.2 mW/g) showed no sig-
nificant increase in body temperature compared to
saline-injected sham-irradiated mice. The hypothermia
induced by 5-HT in mice was also found to be affected
by ambient temperature alone. Increases in ambient
temperature above 22C, in the absence of micro-
waves, caused a concomitant increase in body tem-
perature. By altering the thermoregulatory capacity of
mice with 5-HT, subtle heating by microwaves was de-
tected. These results indicate that the interpretation of
microwave-induced biological effects observed in ani-
mals at comparable power and absorption levels
should include a consideration of the thermogenic po-
tential of microwave radiation.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Detec-
tion, 'Hypothermia, Mice, Laboratory animals, Heat-
Ing, Reprints, 'Tryptamine/hydroxy.
PB82-1S4923 PC A02/MF A01
The Teratoganlc Potential of Cacodyllc Acid In
the Rat and Mousa. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
E. H. Rogers, N. Chemorf, and R. J. Kavlock. 1981,
14pEPA-600/J-81-512
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology 4(1), p49-61
1981.
Cacodylic acid, an organic arsenical herbicide, was ad-
ministered to time-pregnant albino CD rats and CD-1
mice on days 7-16 of gestation. The compound was
given by gastric intubation as a solution in distilled
water. Rats received 0,7.5,15, 30,40, 50, and 60 mg/
kg/day in 0.2 ml/day intubation volume; mice received
0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/day in 0.1 ml/day. Follow-
ing maternal sacrifice on day 18 (mice) and 21 (rats),
fetuses were weighed and fixed for skeletal and viscer-
al examinations. Fetal and maternal toxicity was ob-
served in both species. In the mouse, maternal toxicity
was evident at the lowest dose, while teratogenic re-
sponse was confined to cleft palate at 400 and 600
mg/kg/day. The effective maternal toxic dose in the
rat was 40 mg/kg/day. In this species, incidence of ir-
regular palatine rugae, i.e., ridges that were discontinu-
ous and/or not lying in apposition at the palatal raphe,
was significantly (p < 0.001) dose-related. The results
suggest an 'apparent no effect level' for this anomaly
below 30 mg/kg/day.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides,
Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Teratogen-
esis, 'Toxic substances, 'Cacodylic acid, 'Arsine
oxide/dimethyoxy-hydroxy.
PB82-1S4931 PC A02/MF A01
Polychlorinated Blphenyls In Indoor Air. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Kathryn E. MacLeod. 4 May 81, 5p EPA-600/J-81-511
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology
15(8),p926-928Aug81.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been recog-
nized as environmental contaminants since the mid-
1960s. Until recently, however, little work has been
done on identifying levels of PCBs in the indoor air.
This paper describes a method for the analysis of
PCBs utilizing low-volume indoor air sampling. The
method uses polyurethane foam as a collector and has
a limit of detection of about 0.01 micrograms/cu m.
This study shows that indoor air whether in commer-
cial, industrial, or residential buildings, contains levels
of PCBs at least 1 order of magnitude higher than out-
door levels. Defective fluorescent light ballasts are
also shown to emit PCBs and to be an important
source of indoor atmospheric contamination.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, *Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sources, Concentration(Compositipn), Poly-
urethane resins, Foam, Absorbers(Materials), Re-
prints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PB82-154949 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Studies of Protonatlon of Some Amlnopolycar-
boxylates by Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy. Jour-
nal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
G. R. Choppin, S. A. Kahn, and G. C. Levy. 8 Feb 80,
8p EPA-600/J-80-378
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub, in Spectroscopy Letters 13(4), p205-210 1980.
(13)C NMR chemical shins are used to evaluate suc-
cessive protonations of the aminopplycarboxylate sys-
tems, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and
triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA).
Keywords: * Isotopic labeling, Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance, Protons, Reprints, 'Chemical shrfts(Nuclear
magnetic resonance), 'Diethylene triamine pentaace-
tic acid, 'Triethylene tetramine hexaacetic add,
Carbon 13.
PB82-154956 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Interaction of Paramagnetic Relaxation Rea-
gent* with Intra- and Intermolecular Hydrogen
Bonded Phenols. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Tadeusz A. Holak, and George C. Levy. 26 Jun 78,12p
EPA-600/J-78-192
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry, v82 n24 p2595-2604
1978. Prepared in cooperation with Jaglellonlan Univ.,
Krakow (Poland). Inst. of Chemistry.
Intermolecular electron-nuclear 13-C relaxation times
(T(1)sup e's) from solutions containing the paramag-
netic relaxation reagent (PARR), Cr(acac)3, used in
conjunction with 13-C T(1)'s in diamagnetic solutions
(intramolecular 13-C - (1)H dipolar T(1)'s) provide a
significant increase of information in studies of hydro-
gen-bonded liquids. Analysis of the association proc-
ess with these data shows great promise in testing as-
sociation models. It is also possible to determine the
geometry of Cr(acac)3-substrate complexation using
the inverse sixth power distance dependence of (T(1)
sup e's). Several models for free and hindered internal
rotation are tested for hydroxy) containing organic sub-
strates (phenols, borneol) which are rigid at the point
of attachment to the paramagnetic relaxation reagent
(PARR). For symmetrically substituted phenols the ob-
served electron-nuclear relaxation rates cannot be ac-
counted for by a 'static' model with a point locus for the
PARR. Better agreement requires models with free in-
ternal rotation about the C(1)-0 bond for phenol. For
ortho-substituted phenols hindered rotation models
appear to be superior to the 'static' model. The Cr-O
distances calculated evidence hydrogen bonding be-
tween Cr(acac)3 and phenols. The average distance is
ca 4.9 A for 4-chloro- and 3,5-dichlorophenol while for
the rest of the phenols tested the distance is ca. 4.1 A.
December1983 1237
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Calculations indicate that there may be two different
types of PARR-phenol complexes, for 4-chlorophenol
and 3,5-dichloropnenol solutions the average compo-
sition of the sotvation sphere of Cr(acac)3 appears to
be quite different from the sdvation spheres for the
rest of the phenols studied.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Paramagnetic relaxation, 'Iso-
topic labeling, 'Spin lattice relaxation, Chromium, So-
lutions, Chemical bonds, Reprints, 'Paramagnetic re-
laxation reagents, Carbon 13.
PB82-154964 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Tb* Effects of Paramagnetic Relaxation Reagents
on 15N Spin Relaxation and the UM of Gd(dpm)3
a* a Nttrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spin Label Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, James J. Dechter, and Jozef
Kowalewskl. 10 Oct 77.9p EPA-600/J-78-193
Grant EPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society 100(8),
D2306-23141978.
Electron-nuclear relaxation times (T(1) sup e's) for
(1S)N and (13)C in natural abundance are measured
for a series of amines of a wide range of pK(a)s using
four paramagnetic relaxation reagents that are solua-
bte in organic solutions. Cr(acac)3 and Cr(dpm)3 are
seen to affect the nuclear spin predominantly via an
outer sphere mechanism, or through normal transla-
ttonal diffusion when no interactions occur. Gd(dpm)3
and Gd(acac)3 are observed to be specific for the
basic sites in substrate molecules where relaxation
rate enhancement is seen to be strongly dependent on
the avatabHty of the lone electron pair. Variable con-
centration and temperature studies are used to sepa-
rate the various contributions to T(1) sup e. (15)N T(1)
sup e's are used as one measure of spin labeling;
changes in the negative nuclear Cverhauser effect
(NOE) of proton-decoupled (15)N spectra can also be
used in some cases. Examples are presented illustrat-
ing spin labeling due to both basicity and steric effects.
Keywords: 'Paramagnetic relaxation, 'Isotopic label-
ing, 'Spin lattice relaxation, 'Gadolinium, Nuclear
magnetic resonance, Solutions, Reprints, •Paramag-
netic relaxation reagents. Carbon 13, Nitrogen 15,
PM2-154972 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental AcMasment of Industrial Dte-
chargw Based on Murbpflcattv* Models. Journal
article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
M. Ross Leadbetter, and W. Gene Tucker. 16 Jun 81,
7p EPA-600/J-81-490
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
n11p1355-1360Nov8f.
The paper describes a method of environmental as-
sessment of industrial discharges based on multiplica-
tive models. The severity, S, of a substance in an in-
dustrial dtecharge is defined as the ratio of substance
concentration, either at the source or at some ambient
point of interest, to a maximum specified 'safe' con-
centration level. The source is considered 'dean'
unless S is expected to exceed unity on more than a
given acceptably small proportion of time. Otherwise, it
is 'arty. A source is dassfted as dean or dirty based
on (a) measurements of factors such as stack emis-
sion characteristics and (b) possible knowledge of the
statistical properties of other factors (such as meter c-
togy). Standard statistical decision techniques are
used, with some novelty, to take account of the forma
of variation present (time fluctuations, measurement
errors, etc.) and to best incorporate existing prior
knowledge of the statistical parameters involved. Log-
normal dstributional assumptions are used, coupled
with rnuttpicative transport models in ambient cases.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Mathematical
models, 'Industrial wastes. Assessments,
CoflcerriraborKComposition), Reprints, Numerical so-
lution.
PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC
1238 Vol. 83, No. 26
Perspectives In ChronoWology of Air Pollution.
Journal article,
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medi-
cate, Paris (France).
Maurice Stupfel, Franz Halberg, Madeleine Mordetet-
Dambrine, and Monique Magnier. 10 Jan 77,22p EPA-
600/J-88-184
GrantEPA-R-804512
Pub. in Chronobtotogia, v4 n4 p333-351 Oct-Dec 77.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Chronobtology Labs.
In a series of experiments, male and female Sprague
Dawtey rats, kept in light (L) from 06 time in hours to 18
time in hours alternating with darkness (LD 12:12) in-
haled different concentrations of carbon monoxide
(50-1,700 ppm) at each of two test times, 12h apart A
decrease in flow of CO2 (V co2) resulting from CO in-
halation was greater in the active dark (D) than resting
light (L) span. Experimental hypoxic mortality of male
and female mice also shows circadian variations,
difference of mortality was observed between hypoxic
exposures performed at 12 time in hours On LD or DL)
and hypoxic exposures performed at 00 time in hours
On LD or DL). Such results await tests of any extent to
which they model responses of human beings to air
pollution. In human beings any external environmental
circadian, circaseptan, and drcannual variations in air
pollution as such may serve to a variable extent as so-
cioeconomic synchronizers of innate rhythms with a
corresponding frequency, rather than as solely gen-
erators of time patterns in any physiopatnotogic re-
sponse to air pollution.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Toxicology, Respira-
tion, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Compositk>n), Air pollution, Reprints,
Animal models, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-1S4998 PC A02/MF A01
Corvalfo Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake Restoration by Mutton: Moses Lake, Wash-
ington. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept of Civil Engineering.
E. B, Welch, and C. R. Patmont Feb 80,12p EPA-600/
J-80-369
Grant EPA-R-605430
Pub. in Water Research, v14 p1317-13251980.
Dilution water, low in macronutrients, was added to
Moses Lake on three occasions in 1977 and once in
1978 during the spring-summer period. The addition
resulted in reducing the annual average inflow concen-
tration of phosphorus from about 130-140 micro-
grams/I to 100 micrograms/l. The water exchange
rate Hi Parker Horn, which is 8% of the lake volume, in-
creased about 1 %/day normally to 7 and 11 %/day for
the May-September period in 1977 and 1978, respec-
tively. Improvements in lake water quality, compared
to values from 1969-70, were rather good with greater
reductions in algal biornass.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Moses Lake, Di-
lution, Flushing, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Chlorophylls,
Algae, Biomass, Washington(State), Reprints.
PB82-155243 PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Interpretation of Complex Molecular Motions In
Solution. A Variable Frequency Carbon-13 Retax-
ation Study of Cham Segment* Motions In Poryfiv
aftyl mathacrytatea). Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, David E. Axeteon, Robert Schwartz,
and Jri Hochmann. 11 May 77.18p EPA-600/J-78-
194
Grant EPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society 100(1),
P410-4241978.
An extensive variable temperature study of ooly(n-
butyl methacrylate)-artd poMn-hexyt methactylate) at
two widely separated frequencies (67.9 and 22.6 MHz)
has revealed that a model requiring a nonexponential
autocorrelation function, or, its mathematical equiva-
lent a distribution of correlation times, describes the
NMR parameters obtained for the backbone carbons.
However, frequency-dependent spin-lattice relaxation
time (T(1)) and nuclear Cverhauser effect (NOE) be-
havior observed for all side-chain carbons, including
the terminal methyls, with NT(1)s of the order of 20s.
could not be described in terms of present theoretical
approaches. A new model developed retains the distri-
bution of correlation times for the backbone carbons
and incorporates the effects of multiple internal rota-
tions about the carbon-carbon single bonds for the
side-chain carbons. This model predicts a substantial
frequency dependence for broad distribution widths
which can quantitatively reproduce almost all of the
observed data. For the highest temperatures attained
(about 110C) the observed T(1) frequency depend-
ence is quite large and only serruquantitatively ac-
counted for using this modified theory. The ramifica-
tions of multifrequency experiments with respect to the
proper interpretation of complex motions are explored.
Keywords: 'Molecular relaxation, "Isotoptc labeling,
•Methacrytates, 'Mathematical models, Polymers,
Temperature, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Spin lat-
tice relaxation, Reprints, Poly(methacrylte acid/(hexyl-
ester)), Poly(methacrylic acid/(butyl-ester)), Carbon
13.
PB82-155250 PC A02/MF AQ1
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Quantitative 15N NMR Spectroscopy. Journal arti-
cle,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, T. Pehk, and P. R. Srinivasan. 1980,
6p EPA-600/ J-80-380
Pub. in Organic Magnetic Resonance, v14 n2 p129-
1321980.
Line intensities in 15N NMR spectra are strongly influ-
enced by spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times,
relaxation mechanisms and experimental conditions.
Special care has to be taken in using 15N spectra for
quantitative purposes. Quantitative aspects are dis-
cussed for the 15N NMR of molecules with different ni-
trogen functional groups and also mixtures of nitrogen-
containing compounds. It is shown that, in general,
quantitative data are obtainable from integration of
15N lines in proton decoupled 15N NMR spectra using
NOE suppression. Addition of paramagnetic relaxation
reagents (PARR) under controlled conditions is fre-
quently needed to accomplish the experiment within
reasonable time limits.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Spin spin
interactions, 'Spin lattice relaxation, Reprints, * Isotop-
ic labeling, Spin lattice interactions. Nitrogen 15, Para-
magnetic relaxation reagents.
PB82-155268 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Natural Abundance 13C NMR Spectroscopy of
Double-Stranded DNA. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Randolph L. Rill, Peter R. Hillard, Jr., J. Terry Bailey,
and George C. Levy. 25 Jul 79,5p EPA-600/J-80-381
Grant EPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v102(1)
p418-4201980.
Although 13C NMR Spectroscopy has already proved
extremely useful in studies of biopolymers, including t-
RNA's, and single-stranded polynucleotides, no suc-
cessful study of native double-stranded DNA has been
reported. This failure is mainly due to extremely unfa-
vorable 13C spin relaxation parameters (very short
T2's and long T1 's) expected for the long and relatively
rigid chains of typical DNA preparations.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Deoxyri-
bonudeic acids, Failure, Performance evaluation, Re-
prints, 'Isotopic labeling, Carbon 13.
PM2-15S276 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Hiflh-flesokitton SotonoM Coll Nuclear Magnetic
fi6Bomnc0 Prot>0 for SuporconductinQ Utoonot
Spectrometers. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Chemistry.
J. Terry Bailey, Richard C. Rosanske, and George C.
Levy. 6 Dec 80,7p EPA-600/J-81 -516
Grant EPA-R-804916
Pub. in Review of Scientific Instrumentation, v54 n4
p548-552Apr81.
A broadband probe having a tuning range of 20 to 65
MHz has been designed and built specifically to give
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
maximum sensitivity per unit volume of sample. This is
accomplished through use of a solenoid rf coil instead
of the usual Helmholtz coil found in commercial probes
for superconducting magnet systems. Improvement in
signal-to-noise ratios approaches a factor of 3. Probe
design considerations and construction materials are
described.
Keywords: *Probes, 'Nuclear magnetic resonance,
Solenoids, Superconducting magnets, Spectrometers,
Reprints.
PB8M55284 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
A MuKmuctoar NMR Spin Labeling Investigation of
the Solution Structure of the Base Stacked
Mn<+2) -AMP Complex. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
George C. Levy, and James J. Dechter. 24 Aug 79,8p
EPA-600/J-80-379
GrantEPA-R-804916
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v102
n20p6191-619619BO.
(15)N, (13)C, and (31 )P electron-nuclear relaxation
times are used to determine the solution structure of
the base stacked Mn(+2) -AMP complex. The nrtro-
gen-Mn(-f-2) distances that are determined indicate a
direct inner-sphere coordination of Mn(+2) at N(1).
N(7), and the amino NH2 positions. The phosphorus-
Mn(+2) distance also indicates direct coordination
and this second site may explain the anomalously
short Mn(+2) -C(8) distance that is found. A structure
is proposed consistent with the measured distances.
Comparison of Mn(+2) -carbon distances with those
in the literature is made.
Keywords: "Isotopic labeling, 'Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance, 'Molecular structure, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Reprints, Adenine/ribofuranosyl, Nitrogen 15,
Carbon 13, Phosphorus 31.
PB8M55292 PC AQ3/MF A01
Viral Diseases of Invertebrates Other Than In-
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
John A. Couch. Dec 81,34p EPA-600/ D-80-055
Pub. in Pathogenesis of Invertebrate Microbial Diseas-
es (AllanheW, Osmun and Co., Totowa, NJ.), p127-
160.
Thirteen examples of virus or viruslike related path-
oses in non-insect invertebrates are described. From
consideration of these examples, it becomes obvious
that detailed descriptions of pathogenesis of virus dis-
eases in non-insect invertebrates has not kept pace
with the frequency of new reports of viruses from these
invertebrates. When possible, it is of utmost impor-
tance for authors reporting viral entities from inverte-
brates to include as much information as can be col-
lected on the disease syndrome, cellular pathogene-
sis, physiological and behavioral effects and tissue dis-
tribution of the virus. In some cases, information has
been so scant that readers are not even certain as to
the prevalence of the virus in reported hosts. Basic in-
formation on the nature of non-insect invertebrate
virus diseases is needed for several reasons. Insights
into mechanisms of pathogenesis and pathogenic ef-
fects in invertebrate viruses may give better under-
standing of vertebrate virus diseases. Further, a major
opportunity exists with invertebrate virus disease to in-
vestigate the fundamental aspects of cellular immuni-
ty.
Keywords: 'Viral diseases, 'Invertebrates, Pathogene-
sis, Crustacea, Shrimp, Shellfish, Reprints, Biological
pest control.
PB82-155490 PC A02/MF A01
Outdance on I/M Public Awareness Budgets.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Rocco De Pietro. Dec 81,lip EPA-AA-IMS-81-25
The Public Awareness Guidance for Inspection and
Maintenance Programs issued by EPA in January 1981
discusses in considerable detail a step-by-step proc-
ess for developing a public awareness plan. An impor-
tant part of that planning process includes the devel-
opment of a viable budget The budget should be pre-
pared to ensure that funds are spent in accordance
with public awareness goals and plans; that proposed
activities are supported at sufficient funding levels to
achieve their proposed activities are supported at suffi-
cient funding levels to achieve their objectives; and
that funds are allocated to maximize their potential
cost-effectiveness. This guidance is intended to assist
state and local agencies to identify the typical items
that could be included in their annual I/M PA budget It
provides explanation of these items and a typical
range of costs for them based on the experience of
planned or operating programs around the country,
and on estimates provided by ad agency representa-
tives. A sample I/M public awareness budget is also in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, Planning, Budgeting, Guidelines, Cost esti-
mates, Public relations, Public awareness.
PB82-15S979 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Organochlorlne Pesticides
In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater: Method
608.1. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,23p EPA-600/4-82-003
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial dischargers as provided under
40CFR 136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with
methylene chloride using a separatory funnel. The ex-
tract is exchanged to hexane during concentration. GC
conditions are described which permit measurement
with an electron capture detector. The compounds in-
cluded in the method scope are: chlorobenzilate,
chloroneb, chloropropylate, dibromochloropropane,
etridiazole, PCNB, and propachlor.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Pesticides,
'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Solvent extraction, Water pollution,
'Water pollution detection, Benzilic acid/chloro, Chlor-
oneb, Propylic acid/chloro, Propane/chloro-dibromo,
PCNB fungicide, Propachlor, Etridiazole.
PB82-1559«7 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Organophosphorus Pesti-
cides In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater
Method 614. Rnal rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,24p EPA-600/4-82-004
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is soivent extracted with 15% methyl-
ene chloride in hexane using a separatory funnel. The
extract is concentrated, then analyzed by GC with a
flame photometric or phosphorus/nitrogen detector.
The compounds included in the method scope are:
azinphos methyl, demeton, diazinon, dichlorofenthion,
dioxathion, disulfoton, ethion, malathion, parathion
ethyl, and parathion methyl.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
Industrial wastes, Sewage, Water pollution, Solvent
extraction, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-15599S PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Chlorinated Herbicides In
Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Method 615.
Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,24p EPA-600/4-82-005
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. An acidified sample is solvent extracted with
ethyl ether using a separatory funnel. Esters of the
acids are hydrolyzed to the free acid. The acids are es-
terified with diazomethane and determined by GC
using an electron capture or halide detector. The com-
pounds included in the method scope are the salts,
esters, or acids of 2,4-D; 2,4-DB; 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TP; da-
lapon; dicamba; dichloroprop; dinoseb; MCPA; and
MCPP.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography, Pesti-
cides, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Solvent extraction,
Salts, Esters, Acids, Water pollution, 'Water pollution
detection.
PB82-156001 PC A03/MF A01
The Determination of Organohallde Pesticides
and PCBs In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater
Method 617. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thomas A Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Jan
82, 35p EPA-600/4-82-006
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with 15 % methyl-
ene chloride in hexane using a separatory funnel. The
extract is concentrated, then analyzed by GC with an
electron capture detector. A total of 29 pesticides and
7 PCBs are included in the method scope.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Halogen organic compounds,
'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Water pollution, Solvent extraction,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-156019 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Trlazlne Pesticides in Indus-
trial and Municipal Wastewater: Method 619. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,23p EPA-600/4-82-007
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with methylene
chloride using a separatory funnel. The extract is con-
centrated and analyzed by GC using a nitrogen/phos-
phorus or reductive electrolytic conductivity detector.
The compounds included in the method scope are:
ametryn, atraton, atrazine, prometon, prometryne, pro-
pazine, secbumeton, simazine, terbuthylazine, and ter-
butryn.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Triazines, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Gas chromatography, Industrial wastes, Sewage,
Water pollution. Solvent extraction, 'Water pollution
detection.
PB82-156027 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Organophosphorus Pesti-
cides In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater
Method 622. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,25p EPA-600/4-82-008
This is a gas chrornatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with methylene
chloride using a separatory funnel. The extract is con-
centrated and analyzed by GC using a flame photo-
metric or phosphorus/nitrogen detector. The com-
pounds included in the method scope are: azinphos
methyl, bolstar, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, demeton,
diazinon, dtohlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprop, fensulfqth-
ion, fenthton, merphos, mevinphos, naled, parathion
methyl, phorate, ronnel, stirophos, tokuthion, and tnch-
loronate.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas
chromatography, Sewage, Industrial wastes, Sam-
pling, Solvent extraction, Water pollution, 'Water pol-
lution detection.
December 1983 1239
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-156035 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Dfnttroanlllm Pesticides In
Industrial and Municipal Wastewater. Method 627.
Final rept.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nafi,OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,21 p EPA-600/4-82-009
This is a gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with methytene
chloride using a separatory funnel. The extract is ex-
changed to nexane during concentration. GC condi-
tions are described which permit measurement with an
electron capture detector. The compounds included in
the method scope are: benfluralin; ethalfluralin; isopro-
palin; profluralin; and trifluralin.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas
chromatography, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Solvent
extraction, Nitrogen organic compounds, Water pollu-
tion, 'AniKne/dinitro, 'Water pollution detection, Ben-
efin, Ethalfluralin, Isopropalin, Totban, Trifluralin.
PBB2-156043 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Cyanazlne In Industrial and
Municipal Wastewater: Method 629. Final rept.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Qnctn-
nati.OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,20p EPA-600/4-82-010
This is a high performance liquid chromatographic
(HPLC) method applicable to the determination of
cyanazine in municipal and industrial discharges as
provided under 40CFR 136.1. A sample is solvent ex-
tracted with methyiene chloride using a separatory
funnel. The extract is exchanged to methanol during
concentration. HPLC conditions are described which
permit measurement with an ultraviolet detector.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Solvent extraction. Ultraviolet spec-
troscopy, Water pollution, 'High performance liquid
chromatography, 'Bladex, 'Water pollution detection.
PB82-156050
TIM Determination of DKhta
PCA02/MFA01
to Industrial and Municipal Wastswatsrs: Method
630. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natLOH. ^^
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E Longbottom. Feb
82,1Sp EPA-600/4-82-011
This to a cotorimetric method applicable to the determi-
nation of selected pesticides in municipal and Industri-
al discharges as provided under 40CFR 136.1. A
sample Is digested with add to yield carbon dtsulfide
by hydrolysis of rJthtearbamates. The evolved CS2 Is
trapped in a color reagent and absorbance is meas-
ured at 380 and 435 nm. The compounds included in
the method scope are: amobam, Busan 40, Busan 85,
ferbam, KN methyl, mancozeb, maneb, metham,
nabam, niadde, potyram, sodium dlrrethyidttniocarba-
mate. thiram, zineb, and ziram.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, •Cotori-
metric analysis, 'Tniocarbamates, Industrial wastes,
Sewage, Hydrolysis, Absorption, Water pollution,
•Water pollution detection.
PBS2-1560M PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Benomyl and Cartendazhn
to Industrial and Municipal Wastewater: Method
631. Hnaf rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natLOH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,19pEPA-600/4-82-012
This is a high performance liquid chromatographic
fHPLC) method applicable to the determination of car-
bendazim and benomyl in municipal and industrial dfe-
charges as provided under 40CFR 136.1. A sample is
acJdfned to hydroJyze benomyl to carbendazim. The
total carbendazim fe extracted with methyiene chloride
using a separatory funnel. The extract is exchanged to
methanol during concentration. HPLC conditions are
described which permit measurement with an ultravio-
let detector.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical analysis, Sewage,
Industrial wastes, Solvent extraction, Ultraviolet spec-
troscopy. Water pollution, 'High performance liquid
chromatography, 'Oerosal, 'Benomyl, 'Water pollu-
tion detection.
PB82-156076 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Organonrtrogen Pesticides
In Industrial and Municipal Wastswater Method
633. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Thomas A. Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,20p EPA-600/4-82-013
This is a gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable
to the determination of selected pesticides in munici-
pal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR
136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with methyiene
chloride using a separatory funnel. The extract is con-
centrated, then analyzed by GC with a nitrogen-specif-
ic detector. The compounds included in the method
scope are: bromacil, deet hexazinone, metribuzin, ter-
bacri, triadimefon, and tricyciazole.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Nitrogen organic compounds,
'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Solvent extraction, Water pollution,
•Water pollution detection, Hexazinone, Bromacil,
Deet, Sencor, Terbacii, Tricyciazole, Triadimefon.
PBB2-156064 PC A02/MF A01
The Determination of Carbamat* and Urea Pesti-
cides In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater:
Method 632. Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cinctn-
nati, OH.
Thomas A Pressley, and James E. Longbottom. Feb
82,22p EPA-600/4-82-014
This is a high performance liquid chromatographic
(HPLC) method applicable to the determination of se-
lected pesticides in municipal and industrial dis-
charges as provided under 40CFR 136.1. A sample is
solvent extracted with methyiene chloride using a se-
paratory funnel. The extract is exchanged to methanol
or acetonrtrite during concentration. HPLC conditions
are described which permit measurement with an ultra-
violet detector. A total of 21 pesticides are included in
the method scope.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carbamates, 'Ureas, •Chem-
ical analysis, Sewage, Industrial wastes. Ultraviolet
spactroscopy. Solvent extraction,
Concentration(Compo8ition), Water pollution, 'High
performance liquid chromatography, 'Water pollution
ootoction.
PM2-1M423 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Economic Implications of Regulating CMoroftuor-
ocarbon Emissions from Nenasrosol Applica-
tions. Final rept,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Adete R. Palmer, William E. Moor, Timothy H. Quinn,
and Kathleen A. Wolf. Oct 80, 308p R-2524-EPA, EPA-
560/12-80-001
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3882, EPA-68-01 -61 1 1
Sponsored in part by Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, Washington, DC., and Food and Drug Admin-
istration, Washington, DC. See also PB82-1 56431 .
The study examines and compares the outcomes of
two alternate methods for controlling nonaerosol emis-
sions of chkxofluorocarbons (CFCs). Conventional
regulatory methods such as technology standards are
compared with innovative methods of regulation such
as use taxes or production quotas distributed through
the use of marketable permits. The economic costs of
each system are calculated and compared, along with
a discussion of the policy issues which must be ad-
dressed when choosing one form of regulation over
another.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Economic impact
'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Fluorine organic com-
pounds, •Regulations, Substitutes, Standards, Com-
parison, Technology, Urethanes, Foam, Solvents, Re-
frigerators, Freezers, Air conditioners, 'Air pollution
abatement 'Preens.
PB82-156431 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Regulating Chloroftuorocarbon Emissions: Ef-
fects on Chemical Production. Final rept.,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Kathleen A. Wolf. Oct 80,115p N-1483-EPA, EPA-
560/12-80-001B
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3882, EPA-68-01 -6111
See also PB82-152423. Sponsored in part by Con-
sumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC.,
and Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.
This report focuses on the manufacture of chlorofluor-
ocarbons and the precursor chemicals. It is a support
document for the Rand Corporation study: Adete R.
Palmer, et al., Economic Implications of Regulating
Nonaerosol Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions, R-2524-
EPA.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chemical industry, 'Regula-
tions, 'Fluorine organic compounds, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, Manufacturing, Ozone, Aerosols, Fore-
casting, Chemical reactions, 'Freons.
PB82-1S7777 PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement and
Report North Monterey County Facilities Plan.
Monterey Peninsula Water Pollution Control Agency,
CA.
Apr 77,631 p
Grant EPA-C-06-1066
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA. Errata sheet inserted.
See also Volume 1, PB82-157785. Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The report describes a program which would provide
additional waste treatment capacity at a consolidated
regional facility to handle the expected growth in the
North Monterey County area. The project would pro-
vide an acceptable method for the disposal of the
treated wastewater resulting from the regional facility.
The method of disposal should include re-use of this
effluent through irrigation. When re-use is not possible,
the effluent would be discharged either to the ocean
(deep water) or the lower Salinas River through an out-
fall.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Construction, Environmental
impacts, Noise pollution, Dust Land use, Wildlife,
Sewage disposal, Irrigation, Outfall sewers, Waste
water reuse, Tables
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
life, Aquatic animals, Land use, Archaeology, Econom-
ic impact, California, 'Ocean waste disposal, Monterey
County(California), 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-15801S PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Reno-Sparks Joint Water Pollution Control Plant
Cross-Town Sewer and Lawton-Verdi Interceptor
Extension: Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Reno, NV.
Jan77,73p
Grant EPA-C-32-0114-010
Prepared in cooperation with Truckee Meadows Engi-
neers, Inc., Reno, NV. See also PB82-158023.
The purpose of this Environmental impact statement is
to: identify, analyze and assess the environmental
benefits and impacts of alternatives to wastewater col-
lection, transport, treatment, reclamation/reuse, and
disposal systems for the project area The project is lo-
cated in a semiarid portion of the Truckee River Basn,
and includes Reno and Sparks, Nevada.
Keywords: "Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Construction, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Ground water, Sludge disposal,
Land use, Soil erosion, Air pollution, Nevada.
PB82-158023 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Reno-Sparks Joint Water Pollution Control Plant
Cross-Town Sewer and Lawton-Verdl Interceptor
Extension: Draft Environmental Impact Statement
and Addenda.
Reno, NV.
Jan 77,656p
Grant EPA-C-32-0144-010
Prepared in cooperation with Truckee Meadows Engi-
neers, Inc., Reno, NV. See also PB82-158015.
The purpose of this Environmental impact statement is
to: identify, analyze, and assess the environmental
benefits and impacts of alternatives to wastewater col-
lection, transport, treatment, reclamation/reuse, and
disposal systems for the project area. The project is lo-
cated in a semiarid portion of the Truckee River Basin,
and includes Reno and Sparks, Nevada.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft. Construction, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Land use, Soil erosion, Dust, Noise
pollution. Air pollution, Ground water. Water pollution,
Odors, Nevada, Reno(Nevada), Sparks(Nevada).
PB82-158072 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Marine
Sanitation Devices. Final repL
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Apr 81,181 p EPA-440/2-81 -013
Contract EPA-68-01 -6347
This report presents data pertinent to analyzing alter-
native Federal policies for regulating the discharge of
human wastes from recreational watercraft The study
indicates that low compliance with the current marine
sanitation device (USD) regulations is the result of de-
liberate resistance, uncertainty about the finality of the
current regulations, and doubt that the regulations will
be effectively enforced. The report indicates that
pleasure boats, particularly when congregated in rela-
tively slow-moving waters, such as marina basins or
inlets with minimal current or tidal action, can produce
unacceptable fecal coliform concentrations. This is of
particular concern because shellfish can accumulate
sewage-borne microorganisms, rendering the shellfish
unacceptable for human consumption. Of the two
major disinfectant chemicals commonly used in MSD's
(chlorine & formaldehyde), only chlorine has been
shown to be toxic in the aquatic environment but only
in discharges from large shore-based facilities, such as
sewage treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution control, 'Marinas, Regulations,
Boats, Standards, Shellfish, Coliform bacteria. Disin-
fectants, Chlorine, Formaldehyde, Toilet facilities,
Portable equipment, Law(Jurisprudence), State gov-
ernment, National government, Government policies,
Cost analysis, Maintenance, 'Shipboard sewage treat-
ment systems.
PB82-158122 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A Comparison of Rain-Related Phosphorus and
Nitrogen Loading from Urban, Wetland, and Agri-
cultural Sources. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries
and Wildlife.
R. P. Glandon, F. C. Payne, C. D. McNabb, and T. R.
Batterson. 1981,9p EPA-600/J-81-503
Grant EPA-R-805046
Pub. in Water Research, v15 p881 -887 1981.
Comprehensive watershed studies have been con-
ducted for two lakes located in the Lake Michigan
drainage system. Studies were conducted from March
through October of 1979. During that interval, large dif-
ferences in storm-related nutrient loading were meas-
ured from urban, wetland, and agricultural sources.
Eliminating runoff due to melt of the snow pack, it was
found that rain-related discharge from the urban area
studied was 0.578 kg total-P and 3.688 kg total-N/ha
of watershed. Rain induced runoff from marshes in the
same drainage basin transported 0.023 kg total-P and
0.585 kg total N/ha of catchment.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Meas-
urement, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Algae, Urban areas,
Farms, Marshes, Rainfall, Michigan, Reprints, 'Organ-
ic loading, Eutrophication.
PB82-158130 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Environmental Conditions on Isoprene
Emission from Live Oak. Journal article,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD.
David T. Tingey, Rosemary Evans, and Marcia
Gumpertz. 27 May 81, 8p EPA-600/J-82-493
Pub. in Planta 152, p565-570 1981. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Live-oak plants (Quercus Virginia) were subjected to
various levels of CO2, water stress or photosynthetic
photon flux density to test the hypothesis that isoprene
biosynthesis occurred only under conditions of restrict-
ed CO2 availability. Isoprene emission increases as
the ambient CO2 concentration decreased, independ-
ent of the amount of time that plants had photosynthe-
sized at ambient CO2 levels. When plants are water-
stressed over a 4-d period photosynthesis and leaf
conductance decreased 98 and 94%, respectively,
while isoprene emissions remained constant. These
data indicate that isoprene is a normal plant metabo-
lite.
Keywords: 'Isoprene, 'Biosynthesis, 'Oak trees,
Stress(Physk)logy), Carbon dioxide, Aliphatic hydro-
carbons, Photosynthesis, Moisture, Luminous intensi-
ty, Reprints, Quercus.
PB82-158148 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A Rapid, Quantitative Bioassay for Detecting Phy-
totoxlc Gases Using Stress-Ethylene. Journal arti-
cle,
Massachusetts Univ., AmhersL Dept of Plant and Soil
Sciences.
L E. Craker, J. J. Fillatti, and L Grant Jan 82,6p EPA-
600/J-82-085
GrantEPA-R-806412
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n2 p371-374
1982.
A simple bioassay for detecting phytotoxic air pollut-
ants has been developed. Wheat (Triticum aestivum
L) seedlings growing on agar medium in test-tubes are
exposed to pollutants for 2 h. Stress-ethylene pro-
duced by the seedlings during exposure to the pollut-
ants is collected in the test-tube and quantitatively
measured by gas chromatography.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Gas analysis, 'Gas chroma-
tography, Air pollution, Wheat plants, Ethytene, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-158155 PC A02/MF A01
Rates of Transformation of Methyl Parathlon and
Dtottiyl Phtnalato by Aufwuchs Microorganisms.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
David L Lewis, and Harvey W. Holm. 1981, 8p EPA-
600/J-8 1-492
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v42
n4 0698-703 Oct 81.
Using batch cultures, the authors determined transfor-
mation rates for low concentrations of two toxicants-
an insectide, methyl parathion, and a plasticizer,
diethyl phthalate-by aufwuchs. Aufwuchs samples
were collected from field sites, an indoor channel, and
a continuous-flow fermentor. Aufwuchs fungi, proto-
zoa, and algae did not tranform the chemicals but bac-
teria rapidly transformed both. Second-order transfor-
mation rate coefficients, Kb, based on total plate
counts of bacteria in aufwuchs, were determined for
potential use in a mathematical model capable of pre-
dicting the transport and fate of chemicals in aquatic
systems. Kb for both chemicals decreased as the con-
centration of total bacteria, (B), increased in aufwuchs.
This effect resulted from the proportion of nontrans-
former to transformer bacteria increasing as (B) in-
creased and from the rate of transformation per trans-
former cell decreasing as (B) increased. First-order
transformation rate coefficients, K1, were relatively
stable per unit of surface area colonized by aufwuchs
because Kb decreased as (B) increased (K1 = Kb X
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides, 'Plasticizers,
Cultures(Biology), Concentration(Composition), Micro-
organisms, Transformations, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Reprints, 'Methyl parathion, Aufwuchs,
Phosphorothioic acid/(dimethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl-
ester).
PB82-158163 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab, OR.
Sublethal Effects of Chronic Oil Exposure on the
Intertldal Clam 'Macoma balthica'. Journal article,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Inst of Marine Science.
M. S. Stekoll, L. E. Clement, and D. G. Shaw. Jan 82,
12pEPA-600/J-80-372
Grant EPA-R-803922
Pub. in Marine Biology 57, p51-60 1980.
When exposed to Prudhoe Bay crude oil in flowing
seawater for 180 days, the small tntertidal clam
Macoma balthica showed behavioral, physical, physio-
logical and biochemical changes. At a high concentra-
tion of oil in seawater (3.0 mg per I) burrowing rate de-
creased, respiration rate increased, growth was inhibit-
ed, and very high mortalities resulted. The lowest con-
centration of oil in seawater (0.03 mg per I) inhibited
growth and caused reabsorption of gametes. One
group of adverse oil effects which was related to slug-
gishness and disorientation of the clams appeared
after a week of exposure to oil; another group related
to a negative energy balance was not observed until
60 days. The authors conclude that chronic exposure
of M. balthica to oil-in-seawater concentrations even
as low as 0.03 mg per I will, in time, lead to population
decreases.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Shellfish,
Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Macoma balthica,
•Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Oil pollution,
'Toxic substances.
PB82-158171 PC A02/MF A01
Aspects of the Host - Commensal Relationship
between a Palaemonid Shrimp ('Pontonia domes-
tlca1) and the Pen Shell ('Atrina riglda'). Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Lee A. Courtney, and John A. Couch. 1981, 8p EPA-
600/J-81 -041, ERLGB-J115
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v5 n1 p49-54 Oct 81.
Sixty pen shells (Atrina rigida), were collected and ex-
amined to determine the prevalence and morphome-
trics of the commensal shrimp (Pontonia domestica).
The spatial and sexual distribution within the shell of
the host and the reproductive states of the shrimp
were also investigated.
Keywords: 'Shrimp, Reproduction(Biolqgy).
Hosts(Btology), Morphology, Relationships, Reprints,
'Host commensal relations, 'Pen shells, 'Atnna
rigida, * Pontonia domestica.
December 1983 1241
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-158189 PC A02/MF A01
Evironmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NO.
Photoacoustic Observation of Thermal Wave In-
terference Effects In Thin Samples. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
C. A. Bennett, Jr., and R. R. Patty. Mar 81, 4p EPA-
600/J-81-132
Grant EPA-R-805332
Pub. in Applied Optics, v20 n6 p60-61,15 Mar 81.
The photoacoustic response arising from very thin and
highly adsorbing layers contains structure resulting
from thermal wave interference effects within the sam-
ples. The nature of these effects is dependent upon
the chopping frequency and upon the thermal proper-
ties of the backing material. This structure provides in-
formation that may prove to be useful in analyzing the
thickness or thermal properties of such layers. As ap-
plied to detection of soot collected from this ambient
air, the thermal wave interference phenomenon is one
factor in relating photoacoustic response versus soot
loading on a filter.
Keywords: 'Soot Thin films, Layers, Thickness, Ther-
modynamic properties, Measurement, Reprints, * Pho-
toacoustic response.
PM2-158197 PC A02/MF A01
FMd Experience wtth Ambient-Level Rama-Pho-
tometric Sulphur Detectors. Journal article,
Corvaltis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Weber. K. B. Oteen, and J. K. Ludwk*. 10 Jan 80,
6p EPA-600/J-80-370
Pub. in Talanta, v27 p665-668. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Batteile Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland.
WA.
Carbon dioxide exhaled by the operators produces in-
creased levels of this gas inside the trailers used for
housing monitoring equipment for use in the field.
These levels can be high enough to produce serious
calibration errors in flame photometric detectors used
for measuring ambient concentrations of gaseous sul-
phur products. Quantitative measurement of the
carbon dioxide interference in the sulphur emission is
reported, as well as a method of estimating the extent
of quenching agent pollution.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, 'Carbon dioxide, 'Error
analysis. Sulfur inorganic compounds. Performance
evaluation, ConcentTation(ComposJtJon), Reprints,
•Flame photometric detectors. Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB82-158205_ PC A02/MF A01
Alternative Filiation Methods for Removal of
taardte' Cysts and Cyst Models. Journal'article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gary S. Logsdon, James M. Symons, Robert L Hove,
Jr., and Michael M. Arozarena. 1981,10p EPA-600/ J-
81-487
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association. v73
p111-118Feb81.
Recent occurrence of numerous outbreaks of water-
borne giarolasts has renewed interest in water filtration
for cyst removal. This paper presents an in-depth
review of granular media and diatomaceous earth
(D.E.) filtration research conducted in the 1930's and
1940's when Entamoeba histdytica cyst problems
were a great concern. Recent studies with cyst models
and Giarxia muris cysts suggest that properly operated
water filtration plants should be able to remove a high
percentage of G. lambda cysts.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Water treatment Cysts, Re-
moval, Parasitic diseases, GiarxSasis, Diatomaceous
earth, Granular materials, Pilot plants, Reprints.
PM2-158213 PC A02/MF A01
Survival and Growth of a Sheepshead Minnow
Larvae and Juveniles on a Diet of 'Artemto' nau-
pB. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Richard R. Usher, II, and David A. Bengtson. 1981,6p
EPA-600/J-81-121, ERLN-J182
Pub. in Prog. Fish-Cult. 43(2), p102-105 Apr 81.
Two geographic strains of brine shrimp (Anemia fran-
cJscana) naupi were evaluated for nutritional quality
as a food source for young Sheepshead minnows (Cy-
prinodon variegatus). Although there was no mortality
of fish fed either strain, fish reared on brine shrimp
nauplii from San Pablo Bay, California, showed signifi-
cantly greater growth than did those reared on nauplii
from Macau, Brazil.
Keywords: 'Animal nutrition, 'Growth, 'Marine fishes,
Diets, Larvae, Shrimps, Mortality, Evaluation, Reprints,
•Cyprinodon variegatus, 'Sheepshead minnows.
PB82-158221 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH
Notes on Mayfly Nymphs from Northeastern Min-
nesota Which Key to 'Stenonema ytoarium' (Ephe-
meropten
',Appteton,WI.
A. Lewis. 1978,1pEPA-
InstJtute of Paper
Thomas M. Lager, and Phil
600/J-78-191
Pub. in Great Lakes Entomologist v11 p2611978.
Stenonema mayfly nymphs which key to Stenonema
vicarium from Northeastern Minnesota should be con-
sidered to be Stenonema tuscum based on specimens
that have been reared to adults.
Keywords: 'Insects, 'Freshwater biology, Taxonomy,
Identifying, Minnesota, Reprints, 'Mayflies, 'Stenon-
PB82-158239 Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Analysis of Supersatuated Air in Natural Waters
and Reservoirs. Journal article,
Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA.
Brian G. D'Aoust and Malcolm J. R. dark. c1980,17p
EPA-600/J-BO-368
Grant EPA-R-804175
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, v109 n6 p708-724 Nov 80.
This report provides a state of the art summary and
evaluation of the methods for the determination of
total gas in water samples. The hollow fiber, the hollow
tube, and the flat membrane probes were evaluated. A
flat surface probe was developed that has a low dead
space, high permeability and a low tendency to form
bubbles under supersaturated conditions. Methods for
sampling and storage of supersaturated water sam-
ples were also evaluated. A comparison of field and
laboratory methods is presented.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Reservoirs, 'Water re-
sources, 'Air, Samples, Supersaturation, Probes,
Comparison, Field tests, Laboratory equipment
Chemical analysis, Substitutes, Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion detection.
PB82-158247 PC A02/MF A01
An Elementary Mathematical Problem Arising In
Diatom Taxonomy. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
Gary B. Collins, and C. W. Groetsch. 1981, 5p EPA-
600/J-81-489
Pub. in Int Jnl. Math. Educ. Sci. Technol., v12 n1
P121-124 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Cincin-
nati Univ., OH. Dept of Mathematical Sciences.
This paper involves a problem confronted by the work-
ing diatom taxonomist who must make some basic ob-
servations and measurements of the diatom cell wall
to achieve an accurate identification, the identification
of diatoms to the species level is possible by micro-
scopic observation and measurement of the intricate
patterns on the cell wall. Since diatoms form the begin-
ning of many aquatic food chains, they are important in
many environmental studies and diatom communities
can be used to assess the integrity or health of aquatic
ecosystems. A morphological feature used in identifi-
cation of centric diatoms is the number of striae found
in a 10 micron arc along the edge of the diatom. This
measurement is made by using a reticule in the micro-
scope eyepiece. For large cells the arc and the 10
micron measuring cord become essentially identical.
But for small cells the arc becomes increasingly larger
than the 10 micron measuring cord, resulting in a dis-
tortion of the measured striae density. The solution of
the problem of determining at what cell size a different
method of determining the striae density must be used
is presented.
Keywords: 'Taxonomy, 'Diatoms, Algae,
Plants(Botany), Morphology, Identifying, Reprints.
PB82-158254 PC A02/MF A01
Performance and Air Pollutant Emissions of an
Experimental Water/Residual Oil Emulsion Burner
in a Commercial Boiler. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. Taylor Beard, and Robert E. Hall. 1981,10p EPA-
600/J-81-488
Pub. in Transactions of the ASME, v103 p788-796 Oct
81. Presented at ASME Winter Annual Meeting (1980),
Chicago, Illinois, November 16-21,1980, ASME Paper
80-WA/APC-1.
The paper presents the performance and air pollutant
emissions of an experimental water/oil emulsion
burner. The burner was fired with two residual oils at
selected emulsion water fractions. In addition, various
stoicfiiornetric ratios and two load conditions were
used to determine how operational parameters influ-
enced the results. Paniculate mass emissions and par-
ticle size distributions are presented. Examples show
that even though paniculate mass may decrease, the
total amount of fine paniculate emissions may in-
crease by using water/oil emulsions. The performance
of the boiter is reduced when large fractions of water
are used in the emulsion due to latent heat losses. This
performance loss may be only slightty recovered by
operating at a reduced stoichiometric ration corre-
sponding to a smoke limit. NOx and CO emissions data
are also presented for various test conditions, but nei-
ther were affected significantly by use of water/oil
emulsions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Burners, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Boilers, Performance evaluation, Residual
oils, Emulsions, Particles, Design, Reprints, 'Water oil
emulsions.
PB82-158338 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
CSDOC (County Sanitation Districts of Orange
County) Wastewater Management Program: Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement (Draft). Summary rept
Orange County Sanitation Districts, Fountain Valley,
CA.
Mar77,62p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX.
This is a summary of the Draft Environmental Impact
Statement for sewage treatment facilities planned by
the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County
(CSDOC). There are two wastewater problems facing
the CSDOC. First their present State and Federal dis-
charge limitations for protection of the marine environ-
ment Second, the service area is growing both in size
and population; and the present capacity of the facili-
ties may soon be exceeded.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Environmental
impact statements-draft Construction. Outfall sewers,
Activated carbon treatment Activated sludge process,
Environmental impacts, Fishes, Toxicity, Metals,
Animal diseases, Chtorohydrocarbons, Air pollution,
Land use, Economic impact California, 'Ocean waste
disposal, Orange CountyfCalifomia), Sewage treat-
ment plants.
PB82-158478 PC A24/MF A01
Restoration of Lakes and Inland Waters: Interna-
tional Symposium on Inland Waters and Lake
Restoration HeM In Portland, Maine on September
8-12,19*0. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dec 80,562p EPA-440/5-81-010
The report contains papers given at the International
Symposium on Inland Waters and Lake Restoration,
held in Portland, Maine in September 1980. The report
includes 91 papers given on methods, procedures,
and processes for lake restoration.
Keywords: 'Inland waterways, 'Lakes, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Meetings, Aeration, Phosphorus, Algae,
Weed control, Runoff, Agriculture, Dredging, Aquatic
plants, Limnology, Urban areas, Pesticides, Fisheries,
•Eutrophication.
1242 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS2-1S8817 PC A07/MF A01
Mobil Chemical Company, South Fort Meade Mine,
Polk County, Florida. Final environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jan 82,145p EPA-904/9-81 -092
Mobil Chemical Company has proposed an open pit
phosphate mine, beneficiation plant and transship-
ment facility on a 16,288-acre site in southern Polk
County, Florida. Mining would involve 15,194 acres, all
of which would be reclaimed, and would produce 77
million tons of phosphate products over a 25-year
period. The EIS examines alternatives, impacts and
mitigative measures related to air, geology, radiation,
groundwater, ecology and other natural and cultural
systems.
Keywords: 'Beneficiation, * Environmental impact
statements-final, Substitutes, Environmental impacts,
Transport properties, Air pollution, Geology, Ground
water, Ecology, Radiation, Florida, * Mobil Chemical
Company, 'Phosphate mining. Polk County(Florida).
PB82-158973 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Decision-Maker's Guide In Water Supply Manage-
ment Final rept,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA.
William F. Owen, and Justine A. Faisst. Nov 79,159p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Errata sheet inserted.
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, water utilities are
responsible for more than direct operation and mainte-
nance of their systems. Other responsibilities include
monitoring, public notification for violations of regula-
tions, record keeping, and provision of necessary fa-
cilities supplies, personnel and operating vigilance to
assure continuous delivery of safe drinking water. In
addition, utilities must demonstrate consistent compli-
ance wrth the requirements of the primary drinking
water regulations established under the Safe Drinking
Water Act Water supply management is noticeably
most complex for today's public officials. This guide
provides information to help define the scope of prob-
lems faced by water utility managers and presents in-
formation to assist in the resolution of these problems.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water treatment Manuals,
Public utilities, Decision making. Potable water, Water
distribution, Maintenance, Sludge disposal, Personnel,
Regulations, Financing, Revenue, Capitalized costs,
Potable water.
PB82-159583 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon.
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
1981,798p-in7v
Set includes PB82-159591, PB82-159609, PB82-
159617, PB82-159625, PB82-159633, PB82-159641,
and PB82-159658.
No abstract available.
PB82-1S9591 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basle Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
datty Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Phase 1-Prellmlnary
Report Rept for 1978-79,
Guff South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
James K. Smith, Stephen C. Lynch, Judith E. Gebhart,
and Carolyn S. Monteith. 10 May 79,62p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4766
See also PB82-159609.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commerciaity available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. Phase 1 addressed trial protocol de-
velopment and pilot testing using spiked and unspiked
New Orleans tap water (6 units on each test). Before
and after filter tests were run for trihalomethanes
(THMs), non-purgeable total organic carbon (NPTOC),
standard plate count (SPC) bacteria, endotoxin, silver
levels (when appropriate), chlorine residuals and other
peripheral tests. Based on the pilot tests, unspiked tap
water was selected as the main means of testing.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
'Activated carbon treatment, Potable water, Microor-
ganisms, Halogen organic compounds, Bacteria,
Silver, Houses, Water quality, New Orieans(Louisiana).
PB82-159609 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Phase 1-Supplemental
Data. Preliminary rept. 1978-79,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
James K. Smith, Stephen C. Lynch, Judith E. Gebhart,
and Carolyn S. Monteith. 10 May 79,162p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4766
See also PB82-159591, and PB82-159617.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. Phase 1 addressed trial protocol de-
velopment and pilot testing using spiked and unspiked
New Orleans tap water (6 units on each test). Before
and after filter tests were run for trihalomethanes
(THMs), non-purgeable total organic carbon (NPTOC),
standard plate count (SPC) bacteria, endotoxin, silver
levels (when appropriate), chlorine residuals and other
peripheral tests. Based on the pilot tests, unspiked tap
water was selected as the main means of testing.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds, Houses, Microorganisms,
Halogen organic compounds, Bacteria, Silver, Water
quality, New Orieans(Louisiana).
PB82-159617 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Interim Phase 2 Report
Final rept,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
Donald L Perry, James K. Smith, and Stephen C.
Lynch. 1 Jul 80,71p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4766
See also PB82-159609, and PB82-159625.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. Phase 2 addressed the testing of
the bulk of the home treatment units (a total of 30 com-
mercially available units and one experimental unit in
both Phases 1 and 2). Before and after fitter tests were
run for trihalomethanes (THMs), non-purgeable total
organic carbon (NPTOC), standard plate count (SPC)
bacteria, endotoxin, silver levels (where appropriate)
and other peripheral tests. Data and discussions are
provided on THM reduction efficiencies, microbiologi-
cal effects, the lack of bacteriostatic effect from silver
and silver effluent levels for the individual units.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds, Standards, Potable
water, Houses, Microorganisms, Halogen organic
compounds, Bacteria, Silver, Water quality, New
Orieans(Louisiana).
PB82-159625 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Phase 2-Supplemental
Data. Rept. for 1979-80,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
Donald L. Perry, James K. Smith, and Stephen C.
Lynch. 1 Jul 80,231 p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4766
See also PB82-159617, and PB82-159658.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units had been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. Phase 2 addressed the testing of
the bulk of the home treatment units (a total of 30 com-
mercially available units and one exprimental unit in
both Phases 1 and 2). Before and after filter tests were
run for trihalomethanes (THMs), non-purgeable total
organic carbon (NPTOC), standard plate count (SPC)
bacteria, endotoxin, silver levels (where appropriate)
and other peripheral tests. Data and discussions are
provided on THM reduction efficiencies, microbiologi-
cal effects, the lack of bacteriostatic effect from silver
and silver effluent levels for the individual units.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds, Houses, Microorganisms,
Halogen organic compounds, Silver, Potable water,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Water
quality, NewOrleans(Louisiana).
PB82-159633 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Phase 3. Final rept. 1978-
81,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
Donald L. Perry, James K. Smith, and Stephen C.
Lynch.230ct81,85p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4766
See also PB82-159641, and PB82-159658.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. The Phase 3/Final report provides a
summary of Phase 1 and 2 results as well as detailed
reporting of Phase 3. Phase 3 included the testing of
10 selected activated carbon units against a ground
water spiked with carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethy-
lene, tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane
and of the same units against a surface water spiked
with the above and with p-dichlorobenzene, hexachlor-
obenzene and chlordane; field studies (Miami, Fla.;
Pico Rivera, Calif.; Atlanta, Ga.; and Detroit, Mi.) on
four units; home tests on three units; bacterial leaching
studies; spent carbon studies; and studies of limited
value on four other units (reverse osmosis, ozonator,
ultraviolet). Test data on two distillers had to be dis-
carded because of technical problems.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds, Houses, Microorganisms,
Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Pota-
ble water, Carbon tetrachloride, Pesticides, Field tests,
Quality assurance, Silver, Ground water, Bacteria,
Leaching, Water quality, New Orleans(Louisiana), Eth-
ylene/tetrachloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethane/trich-
loro.
PB82-159641 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
garding Organic Removal Capabilities of Commer-
cially Available Home Water Treatment Units Uti-
lizing Activated Carbon: Phase 3 Addendum-Sur-
face Water Supply; Problems and Evaluation. Final
rept. 1978-81,
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
Donald L. Perry, James K. Smith, and Stephen C.
Lynch.23Oct81,82p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4766
See also PB82-159633.
December 1983 1243
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. The Phase 3/Final report provides a
summary of Phase 1 and 2 results as well as detailed
reporting of Phase 3. Phase 3 included the testing of
10 selected activated carbon units against a ground
water spiked with carbon tetrachtoride, trichlorethy-
tene, tetrachkxoethytene and 1,1,1-trichloroetnane
and of the same unite against a surface water spiked
with the above and with p-dichlorobenzene, hexachlor-
obenzene and chlordane; field studies (Miami, Fla;
Pico Rivera, Calif.; Atlanta, Ga.; and Detroit, Mi.) on
four units; home tests on three units; bacterial leaching
studies; spent carbon study; studies of limited value on
four other units (reverse osmosis, ozonator, ultravio-
let). Test data pn two distiNers had to be discarded be-
cause of technical problems.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment 'Organic compounds, Houses, Potable water,
Surface water, Microorganisms, Pesticides, Chlordan,
Bacteria, Quality assurance. Comparison, Ultraviolet
radtation, Ozonization. Reverse osmosis, Water qual-
ity. New OrteareKLouisiaria).
PB82-159658 PC AO8/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Development of Basic Data and Knowledge Re-
gardhig Organic Removal CapabNHies of Commer-
ctaly AvakaMe Home Water Treatment Units UtJ-
Ung Activated Carbon: Phase 3-Supptomental
Data. Final rept 1978-81,
Gulf South Research Irtst, New Orleans, LA.
Donald L Perry, James K. Smith, and Stephen C.
Lynch.23Octei,105p*
Contract EPA-68-01-4766
See also PB82-159625. and PB82-159633.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99. PB82-
159583.
An extensive study of commercially available home
water treatment units has been conducted over a 3-
year period to examine organics reduction and micro-
biological factors. The Phase 3/Final report provides a
summary of Phase 1 and 2 results as welt as detailed
reporting of Phased. Phase 3 included the testing of
10 ootoctod activated carbon units against a ground
water spited with carbon tetrachloricte, trichloroethy-
tene, tetrachtoroethytene and 1,1,1-trichloroetnane
and of the same units against a surface water spiked
wMh the above and with p-olcnkxobenzene, hexachtor-
obamene and chlordane; field studies (Miami, Fla.;
Pico Rivera. CaHf.; Atlanta. Ga.,; and Detroit. Ml) on
four units; home tests on three units; bacterial leaching
studtee; spent carbon study; studies of limited value on
four other units (reverse osmosis, ozonator, uttravio-
fef). Test data on two distillers had to be discarded be-
cause of technical problems.
Keywords: 'Water treatment. 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds. Ground water. Houses,
Surface water. RekJ tests. Comparison, Carbon tetra-
chloride, Chlordan, Microorganisms, Leaching. Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Pesticides, Water quality,
Ethyteoe/tetrachtoro, Etriytene/trichkxo. Ethane/
trichtoro, Benzene/dtehloro. Benzene/hexachloro.
PB82-160334 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
The Akyl Benzene*.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Jul81.395p'ISBN-0-309-03180-X
Contract EPA-68-01 -4655
Ubrary of Congress catalog card no. 81 -82666.
Contents:
Sources, uses, emissions, and controls;
Physical and chemical properties;
Techniques for measurement;
Environmental disposition;
Metaboism of alky) benzenes;
Biological effects n mammals:
toluene, the xytenes, ethylbenzene, and cumene;
Biological effects in mammals:
styrene and styrene oxide;
Biological effects of nonmammaian species;
Summary and recommendations for future
research.
Keywords: 'Aromatic monocyclic hydrocarbons, 'En-
vironmental surveys, 'Toxicology, Sources, Pollution
control, Physical properties, Chemical properties.
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composrtion), Fore-
casting, Xytenes, Cumene, Styrene, Metabolism,
'Benzenes, Biological effects, Benzene/ethyl, Ben-
zene/(epoxyethyl). 'Toxic substances.
PB82-160482 PC A06/MF A01
Construction Costa for Municipal Wastewater
Conveyance Systems: 1973-1979. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Fob 82,124p EPA-430/9-81 -003
Supersedes PB-283479.
This report presents the results of a study of the costs
for construction of municipally owned wastewater col-
lection systems.
Keywords: 'Construction costs, 'Sewers, 'Municipali-
ties, Waste water. Sanitary sewers, PipesfTubes),
Force mains, Cost estimates, Manpower, Pumping,
Conveying, United States, Surveys.
PB82-160797 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Methanol Health Effects. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Irtst, Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie L Carson, Joy L McCann, Harry V. Ellis, III,
Betty L Hemdon, and Larry H. Baker. 31 Dec 81,71 p
MRM997-T(7). EPA/460/3-81-032
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposure to methanol was collected, evaluated, tabu-
lated, and summarized. Approximately 160 documents
were collected from computerized and manual litera-
ture searches covering the period 1901-1980. Pharma-
cologists and an M.D. epidemiologist rated the docu-
ments according to their applicability to the study and
their methodology. The approximately 25 documents
considered useful for denvmg a range of concern for
human exposure to methanol from automotive emis-
sions were tabulated. The pages of tables detail the re-
sults of acute, repeated dose, and chronic testing of
mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and humans as well
as human occupational studies. A brief summary of
oral and skin absorption toxicity is included. Most of
the documents evaluated are described in an anno-
tated bWtography.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Alcohols, Occupational dis-
eases, Toterances(Pnysiology), Bfetiographies, Labo-
ratory animals. Air pollution. Respiratory system, Liter-
ature surveys, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Metha-
nol. Methyl alcohols, Toxic substances.
PB82-161167
PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ai
I Buccaneer Gas and
Ol FMd hi the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume I. Part A - Synopsis, Part B -Im-
pwnisnt, Monitor and Modify Data Management
System. Annual rept,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, MA.
Gloucester Lab.
K. Savastano. and H. HoHey. Dec 80,98p NOAA-TM-
NMFS-SEFC^S, NOAA-81121402
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. See also Volume 1. PB81-
157778.
The report is a synopsis and date guide for the annual
report It is designed to be used as a briefing document
and as a key to more detailed scientific and technical
information contained in other reports. Objectives of
the project are (1) to identify and document the types
and extent of biological, chemical and physical alter-
ations of the marine ecosystem associated with Buc-
caneer Gas and Oil Field, (2) to determine specific pol-
lutants, their quantity and effects, and (3) to develop
the capability to describe and predict fate and effects
of Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field containments.
Keywords: 'Crude oft, 'Natural gas, 'Ecology, 'Water
pollution, 'Mexico Guff, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Fishes, Bacteria, Sedfrnents, Invertebrates, Environ-
mental impacts, Oil wells. Technical reports, Outer
continental shelves.
PB82-161282 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Acroleln Health Effects. Final rept,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie l_ Carson, Cecily M. Beall, Harry V. Ellis, III,
Larry H. Baker, and Betty L Hemdon. Sep 81,128p
EPA-460/3-81-034
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposures to acrolein was collected, evaluated, tabu-
lated, and summarized. Approximately 125 documents
were collected from computerized and manual litera-
ture searches covering the period 1911-1981. Pharma-
cologists and an M.D. epidemiologist rated the docu-
ments according to their applicabality to the study and
their methodology. The approximately 45 documents
considered useful for deriving a range of concern for
human exposure to acrolein from automotive emis-
sions were tabulated. The pages of tables detail the re-
sults of acute, repeated dose, and chronic testing of
mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, chickens, rabbits,
cats, monkeys, dogs, and humans as well as human
occupational and accidental studies. Most of the docu-
ments evaluated are described in an annotated bibli-
ography.
Keywords: 'Acroteins, 'Toxicology, 'Occupational dis-
eases, Bibliographies, Acyclic aldehydes, Aldehydes,
Air pollution, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Toxic tol-
erances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic sub-
stances. Environmental health.
PB82-161324 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Estimate of the Impact of Noise From Jet Aircraft
Air Carrier Operations. Final rept Sep 79-Sep 80,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Kenneth Eldred. Sep 80,59p BBN-4237, EPA-550/9-
81-325
Contract EPA-68-01-5014
This report contains an update and revision of the esti-
mated noise impact of airport jet air carrier operations
in the years 1975 and 2000. These estimates are
based on the current takeoff flight procedures, the
1979 FAA fleet forecast and current definitions of new
technology aircraft They do not assume additional
regulatory actions, either in aircraft noise certification
or in airport operations, nor do they assume additional
noise control efforts on the part of individual airports.
These results are based largely on the methodology
and data contained in a prior study except for updating
certain basic information in that study from 1975 to
1979 and revising a part of the methodology for esti-
mating population impacted.
Keywords: 'Commercial aircraft, 'Airports, 'Noise pol-
lution, Air transportation, Air traffic, Forecasting, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Takeoff, jet engine noise, Urban
areas, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-161845 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment of Buccaneer Gas and
OH FMd In the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
1978-1979. Volume IX. Sources, Fate and Effects
Modeling. Technical memo.,
National Marin
rine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
vestonLab.
K. Fudk, and I. T. Shaw. Dec 80,150p NOAA-TM-
NMFS-SEFC-43, NOAA-81121403
See also Volume 1, PB81-157778. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications,
Inc., Boulder, CO.
A model was developed for the Buccaneer gas and oil
field that integrated biological, chemical (hydrocar-
bon), and physical submodels. State-of-the-art flow
analysis techniques were used to describe the struc-
ture and function of the system. Five compartments
consisting of phytoplankton, zooplankton, plankton
feeders, fouling flora, and fouling fauna were identified
as being system importers. Fouling feeders, particu-
lates, the benthos, benthic feeders, and large preda-
tors compartments are exporters from the system. Hy-
drocarbons discharged from the platform are rapidly
dispersed from around the platforms.
1244 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Crude oil, "Marine biology, 'Ecology, 'Oil
pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Assessments, Hydrocarbons,
Mathematical models, Environmental impacts, Sedi-
ments, Benthos, Plankton, Fouling organisms, Bio-
mass, Rshes, Nutrients, Offshore dnlling, 'Outer conti-
nental shelves, Baseline studies.
PB82-162066 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Airport Noise Litigation - Case Law Review (1973-
1980). Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
Rtearda L Bennett. Apr 81,53p BBN-4542, EPA-550/
9-82-326
Contract EPA-68-01 -5014
This report examines the judicial trends in airport noise
litigation by analyzing the decisions from many of the
relevant legal cases since the 1972 U.S. Supreme
Court decision in City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Ter-
minal Inc. The conflict centers upon who controls the
source of the aircraft noise and who is liable for aircraft
noise-related damages. The significant issues arising
out of these various airport/aircraft noise cases exam-
ine this conflict from four viewpoints: (1) Who is liable
for aircraft noise related damages. (2) What is the
scope of airport use restrictions. (3) What are the legal
theories and trends in awarding aircraft noise-related
damages. (4) What is the effect of land use planning
and environmental impact statements on airport noise
control. This extensive case law review indicates that
the courts are continuing to hold the airport proprietor
liable for aircraft noise-related damages. The judiciary
is also expanding the legal theories and granting re-
covery for noise-related effects on people under the
nuisance theory of emotional distress as well as under
the traditional inverse condemnation theory for depri-
vation of property.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Aircraft noise, 'Litigation, Noise
pollution, Law(Jurisprudence), Environmental impacts,
Land use, Flight paths, Urban planning.
PB82-162397 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Formaldehyde Health Effects. Task 5 rept. (Final),
Midwest Research InsL, Kansas City, MO.
Bonnie L Carson, Joy L. McCann, Cecily M. Beall,
Larry H. Baker, and Harry V. Ellis, III. 21 Dec 61,270p*
EPA-460/3-81-033
Contract EPA-68-03-2928
Health effects literature primarily related to inhalation
exposure to formaldehyde was collected, evaluated,
tabulated, and summarized. Approximately 425 docu-
ments were collected from computerized and manual
literature searches covering trie period 1905-1981.
Pharmacologists and an M.O. epidemiologist rated the
documents according to their applicability to the study
and their methodology. The approximately 110 docu-
ments considered useful for deriving a range of con-
cern for human exposure to formaldehyde from auto-
motive emissions were tabulated. The 145 pages of
tables detail the results of acute, repeated dose, and
chronic testing of mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs,
rabbits, cats, pigs, dogs, monkeys, and humans as well
as human occupational and epidemiological studies.
Most of the documents evaluated are described in an
annotated bibliography.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Toxicology, 'Industrial
medicine, Aldehydes, Exposure, Air pollution, Humans,
Laboratory animals, Respiration, Physiological effects.
Bibliographies, Epidemiology, Occupational diseases,
Toterances(Physiology), 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Literature surveys, 'Environmental
health, 'Toxic substances, Automobile exhausts.
PB82-162421 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Collection Efficiency of Field Sampling Cassettes:
Interagency Energy/Environment R and D Pro-
gram Report,
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., NM.
C. I. FairchikJ, M. I. Tillery, J. P. Smith, and F. O.
Vaktez. Dec 80,28p LA-8640-MS, EPA-600/7-81 -145
Contract W-7405-eng-36
Sponsored in part by National Inst. for Occupational
Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Industrial hygiene paniculate samples are often col-
lected under anisokinetic sampling conditions and in
crosswinds. Experiments were conducted to quanti-
tate errors associated with sampling under these non-
ideal conditions. Three types of field sampling cassette
were tested to determined particle sampling efficien-
cies for 0,2, and 5 m/s winds at incidence angles of 0,
90 and 180. Sampling efficiencies were compared to
theoretical values calculated from Belyaev and Levin's
theory, and Davies' modification for calm air sampling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Error analysis,
'Air filters, Sampling, Wind(Meteorology), Industrial
hygiene, Probes, Aerosols, 'Air pollution sampling,
Indoor air pollution.
PB82-162876 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Procedure for Establishing Traceablllty of Gas
Mixtures to Certain National Bureau of Standards
Standard Reference Materials. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Ernest Hughes, and John Mandel. Jan 81,43p NBSIR-
81-2227, EPA-600/7-81-010
Contract EPA-IAG-D8-E684
Errata sheet inserted.
This procedure includes the specifications and require-
ments that must be followed by gas manufacturers
during the preparation of compressed cylinder gas
Certified Reference Materials (CRM). A CRM is a certi-
fied gas standard prepared at a concentration that
does not exceed + or -1 percent of currently available
National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference
Material (SRM) cylinder gases. The procedure in-
cludes specifications and requirements for: (1) prepa-
ration of compressed gas samples in cylinders pre-
pared in lots of ten or more of identical concentration
with the average concentration for the lot within + or -
1.0 percent relative to the concentration of a specific
SRM; (2) tests to verify compressed gas samples sta-
bility and within lot homogeneity; (3) simultaneous sub-
mission by the gas manufacturer of analysis results to
NBS and cylinder gas numbers to USEPA (without
analysis results); (4) random selection by USEPA of
two cylinders per lot for an USEPA performance audit
analysis; (5) submission by USEPA of audit results to
NBS, and (6) decision by NBS whether to allow the gas
manufacturer to sell the lot of cylinders as CRM. A pro-
cedure for CRM for CO in N2 or air is described as Ap-
pendix C. Future appendices will be added for other
CRM including NO in N2, SO2 in N2, CO2 in N2, and
O2 in N2.
Keywords: 'Gases, 'Gas cylinders, Standards, Com-
parison, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Sulfur dioxide, Carbon di-
oxide, Oxygen, Auditing, Concentration(Composition),
Air pollution, 'Standard reference materials, 'Certified
reference materials, Procedures.
PB82-163148 PC AM
UNAMAP (Version 4) - Documentation Change 1,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
D. Bruce Turner, Thomas t. Pierce, William B.
Peterson, and Alfreida D. Rankins. Dec 81,103p*
EPA/DF-81/001G
For system on magnetic tape, see PB81 -164600.
This document is Change 1 to UNAMAP (Version 4)
which became available from NTIS in March 1981. It is
divided into two sections. Section I lists the code
changes to the models in the system. The contents list
every model and data set in Version 4 so that it is easy
to determine if a given model is affected by release of
this change. Section II contains code change sugges-
tions which may be helpful to users of IBM computers.
These code changes do not include the updates given
in Section I.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Computer programming, In-
dustrial wastes, Models, Coding, 'UNAMAP system,
'User manuals(Computer programs), Air quality, Point
PB82-163197 PC A14/MF A01
Treatment Techniques for Controlling Trlhalo-
methanes In Drinking Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James M. Symons, Alan A. Stevens, Robert M. Clark,
Edwin E. Geldreich, and O. Thomas Love, Jr. Sep 81,
301pEPA-600/2-81-156
In this volume, the authors attempt to bring together in-
formation developed over the past 6 years, on all as-
pects of trihalomethanes as they relate to drinking
water. Section I summarizes with references to the pn-
mary literature the discovery of the trihalomethane
problem, health and regulatory information. Sections
II-V also summarizes the literature regarding key back-
ground information necessary for an understanding of
approaches to initiating control measures and evalua-
tion of their degree of success. Sections VI-XI attempt
to be more complete treatments of their subjects in-
cluding some previously unpublished in-house USEPA
- Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) research
results, and selected references to the primary litera-
ture, sufficient to describe the state-of-the-art knowl-
edge of trihalomethane treatment techniques bacterio-
logic considerations and economic impact of trihalo-
methane control strategies. Although the authors and
contributors realize that research is continuing on this
subject and therefore, new data will be forthcoming,
sufficient new information is available at this time to
warrant this update of the 'Interim Treatment Guide for
the Control of Chloroform and Other Trihalometh-
anes,' June 1976 (Unpublished).
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, Potable water, Regulations, Pollution control,
Performance evaluation, Disinfectants, Bacteria, Cost
analysis, State of the art.
PB82-163379 PC A05/MF A01
Detailed Research Plan: Cardiovascular Effects of
Noise.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 81,83p EPA-550/9-81-104
The effects of long-term (acoustical) noise exposure
on the cardiovascular system are the best-document-
ed of the nonauditory physiological effects of noise
and represent the greatest potential public health
issue. As part of its modest research effort in the noise
effects area, EPA has developed the plan contained in
this report to organize research in this area, which has
been identified by numerous experts as the number
one noise effects research priority. This plan includes
(1) a summary of what is known from short-term and
long-term studies, (2) detailed multicompqnent plans
for animal experimental studies, human epidemiologic
studies, and human experimental studies, (3) discus-
sion of recent research, including EPA-sponsored re-
search at University of Miami and Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, and (4) analysis of five options. It is estimated
that if research proceeds according to this plan, deci-
sion points will occur in year 3, year 6 and year 8. On
the other hand, a 'rush program' could be created by
simultaneously implementing Options 1-3. Estimates
of yearly funding requirements for various options are
provided.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Cardiovascular system,
*Stress(Physiology), Physiological effects, Public
health, Humans, Animals, Epidemiology, Hyperten-
sion, Plans, Noise pollution. Environmental health.
PB82-164716 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Vegetation Management for Land Treatment of
Municipal Wastewater. Conference workshop 1 Jul
80-31 Aug81,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. of Water Re-
search.
Frank M. D'ltri. Sep 81,176p EPA/905/2-82-001
GrantEPA-R-005574012
Proceedings of a Conference/Workshop Held at
Michigan State University, East Lansing on February
23-25,1981.
A conference/workshop was held at Michigan State
University on February 23-25,1981, to review, discuss,
and recommend vegetation management strategies
and cultivars which can be used most effectively in
slow rale and overland flow municipal land treatment
systems in the north central region of the United
States. Eleven research papers were presented on
various aspects of vegetation selection and manage-
ment such as (a) irrigation system design, (b)
wastewater crop management, (c) vegetation selec-
December 1983 1245
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tk>n and management for overland flow systems, (d)
tree and old field responses to wastewater irrigation,
and (e) plant diseases associated with municipal
wastewater irrigation.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Sewage treatment, 'Irriga-
tion, 'Meetings, Design, Sprinkler irrigation. Surface ir-
rigation, Forage grasses, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Re-
moval, Com plants. Forest trees, Pine trees, Legumi-
nous plants, Field tests, Soil properties, Michigan, Min-
nesota, 'Sewage irrigation, Land application.
PB82-165101 PC$35.00/MF A01
Epidemiology Research Projects Directory. Vol-
ume* 2 and 3.
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group, Washington,
DC.
01962.9880*
Sea also PB80-111305.
The directory is an annual publication of ongoing re-
search projects in epidemiology selected from the files
of the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
(SSIE). Each project summary is categorized by scien-
tific discipline and assigned a unique identification
number tor cross-referencing from the Directory Index-
es-Subject Investigator, Performing Organization,
Supporting Agency, and Master Grant Number. The
emphasis of the Directory is on the relationship be-
tween a causal factor and the resultant human dtoease
or problem. The cause may be an environmental,
chemical, physical, or microbiological hazard, or it may
be genetic, social, or behavioral.
Keywords: 'Research projects. 'Epidemiology, 'Di-
rectories, 'Toxicology, Abstracts, Pubic health,
lndexes{Documentation), Morbidity, Mortality, Expo-
sure, Hazards, Diseases, Pharmacology,
Toterances(Physiology), Illnesses, Environmental
health, State of the art
PB82-165903 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
An Evaluation of Slrategtet to Control Noise from
Ah- Conditioning and Refrigeration Condensing
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
George L Durden, JehnO. Myers, Thomas A. Towers,
and Derma McCord Dfckman. Dec 81,148p EPA-550/
9-81-404
Contract EPA-68-01-3952
Portions of this document are not furry tegfcte.
This report details the strategic
abated;
sesses the experiences encountered in the investiga-
tion of noise from air conditioning and refrigeration
condensing units m the State of Maryland. Each is de-
signed to provide guidance for other state and local
noise programs faced with similar noise problems.
Hence, emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of
attempting to implement innovative approaches.
These include* (1) sample selection, (2) none meas-
urement survey, (3) implementation of aggressive
abatement procedures, (4) development and use of a
screening graph for determining acceptaMity of sound
rated outdoor unitary equipment (5) incorporation of
noise control considerations into The Division of Food
Control, (6) exploration of an operational curfew, (7)
development of an incentive/information program.
Keywords: 'Air conditioning equipment 'Refrigerating
machinery, 'Noise reduction. Noise pollution, I
ant compressors. Acoustic measurement Regula-
tions, Law enforcement Maryland, 'Noise levels, Cur-
fews.
PBS2-166133 PC AOS/MF A01
National Air Quality, Monitoring, and EmlMloni
Trende Report, 1977. Annual rept,
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt Jr., N. H. Frank, T. C. Curran, R. Faoro, and
W. Cox. Dec 78.78p EPA-450/2-78-052
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality through 1977 for total suspended paniculate.
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and
oxidants. The change in trie number of people ex-
posed to air quality levels above the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) is emphasized.
Changes in air quality levels are discussed for the
Nation, the Northeast Corridor, extending from Wash-
ington, D.C. to Boston and two selected metropolitan
areas: Greater Cleveland and St Louis. Air quality
monitoring during 1977 is presented in terms of the
number of reporting stations by pollutant and measure-
ment method and their status with respect to the
NAAQS. A unique feature of this report is the presenta-
tion of emission density maps, by county. Nationwide
emissions for the period 1970-1977 are also present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, Monitoring, Particles,
Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
OxJdizers, Ozone, National government 'Air quality,
National ambient air quality standards.
PB82-166356 PC A16/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Under-
ground Injection Control Program, Proposed Reg-
ulations (40 CFR Part 145).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1976,374p
This Environmental Impact Statement was prepared
by EPA to explain the background of the
action and the rationale that was used in r
the regulations. It discusses in detail the i
benefits that will result from implementation of the reg-
ulations and compares them with the adverse impacts
that cannot be avoided. The proposed action pre-
scribes a new set of regulations which sets minimal
standards for State programs to prevent underground
injection which endangers underground sources of
public-water supplies.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, 'Waste disposal, 'Ground
water, 'Environmental impact statements-draft, Regu-
lations, State government. Hazardous materials.
Aquifers, Public health. Brines, Potable water, Industri-
al wastes. Licenses, Oil wells, Gas wells, Economic
impact
PB82-166976 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Compendhmt on Low and Non-Waste Technology,
Monographs 1-20.
Economic Commission for Europe (UN), Geneva (Swit-
zerland).
Feb82,289p
Some monographs are in French and Russian. See
also PB81-242190, and PB82-166984. Sponsored in
part by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.Portions of this document are not fulfy legible.
The monographs contain descriptions of process tech-
nologies which reduce or eSminate wastes and reduce
energy usage. The low and non-waste technologies
are described and compared to the conventional tech-
nologies that have been replaced. These monographs
have been prepared as pah of a United Nations Eco-
nomic Commission for Europe (UNECE) program to
promote tow and non-waste technology.
Keywords: Technology, Pollution control, 'Foreign
technology, 'Energy conservation, 'Solid wastes,
•Liquid wastes. Waste recycling.
PB82-166W4 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
CompendMjm on Low and Non-Waste Technology,
Monograph* 21-46.
Economic Commission for Europe (UN), Geneva (Swit-
zerland).
Feb82,285p
Some monographs are in French and Russian. See
also PB81-242190, and PB82-166976. Sponsored in
part by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DaPorttons of this document are not fully tegftrfe.
The monographs contain descriptions of process tech-
nologies which reduce or eliminate wastes and reduce
energy usage. The low and non-waste technologies
are described and compared to the conventional tech-
nologies that have been replaced. These monographs
have been prepared as part of a United Nations Eco-
nomic Commission for Europe (UNECE) program to
promote tow and non-waste technology.
Keywords: Technology, Pollution control, 'Foreign
technology. 'Energy conservation, 'Solid wastes,
'Liquid wastes. Waste recycling.
PB82-167172 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Growth Laws for the Formation of Secondary Am-
bient Aerosols: Implications for Chemical Conver-
sion Mechanisms. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Particle Technology
Lab.
P. H. McMurry, and J. C. Wilson. Jan 82,16p EPA-600/
J-82-083
Grant EPA-R-803851
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16 n1 p121-134
1982.
The evolution of aerosol size distributions growing by
gas-to-particle conversion has been observed recently
in field and laboratory studies. A technique for extract-
ing particle diameter growth rates from such data is
presented. The functional dependence of these
growth rates on particle diameter (i.e. the growth law)
is then examined to infer dues about possible chemi-
cal mechanisms of gas-to-particle conversion. The
data are consistent with the conclusion that droplet
phase (heterogeneous) reactions were important in
the Great Smoky Mountains where relative humidities
were high (r.h. greater than 75%), while gas phase re-
actions were the predominant mechanism in smog
chamber experiments (r.h. about 35%).
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Air pollution,
Gases, Particles, Test chambers, Field tests, Labora-
tory equipment, Reprints, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Heterogeneous reactions.
PB82-167180 PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Element Balance Analysis of Denver
Aerosol. Book article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. G. Dzubay, R. K. Stevens, W. J. Courtney, and E. A.
Drane. 1981,14p EPA-600/D-82-061
Pub. in Electron Microscopy and X-ray Applications to
Environmental and Occupational Hearth Analysis,
Chapter 2, p23-421981.
Particulate samples, collected on Teflon filters by di-
chotomous samplers in Denver, Colorado, for 12
months during 1979, wete analyzed for mass by bete
radiation attenuation and for elemental composition by
x-ray fluorescence. The resulting data were analyzed
in terms of a chemical element balance method to re-
solve paniculate mass into the following six compo-
nents: ammonium sulfate, motor vehicle exhausT,
shale, limestone, road salt and refuse incineration.
Time series plots of monthly values revealed that the
road salt component was important only during winter
and that the motor vehicle exhaust component was
substantially elevated during fall and winter. Although
the magnitude of the motor vehicle component in the
fine particle fraction was elevated during the fall-winter
season, its percentage contribution to the total ob-
served mass (about 25%) remained reasonably con-
stant throughout the year. The six components plus
carbon and nitrate account for almost all of the total
paniculate mass, although the chemical element bal-
ance model underestimated by a factor of 4 the
amount of carbon during January. Further mathemati-
cal analysis of the data to apportion the carbon more
accurately and additional analyses to determine crys-
talline phases and individual particles are needed and
discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, 'Particles,
•Weight(Mass), Air filters, Chemical analysis, X ray flu-
orescence, Reprints, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pol-
lution detection, 'Chemical element balance method,
Denver(Colorado).
PB82-167188 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
CrWque of Methods to Measure Dry Deposition;
Conc8s0 Sununwy of Workshop,
Argonne National Lab., ll_
Bruce B. Hicks, Marvin L Wesery, and Jack L Durham.
Jan 82,26p EPA-600/D-82-155
At the Workshop on Dry Deposition Methodology, held
December 4 and 5,1979, at the Argonne National Lab-
oratory in Argonne, Illinois, dry deposition measure-
ment techniques were assessed for routine monitoring
use. A majority opinion was reached that commonly-
used techniques such as surrogate surfaces and col-
1246 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lection vessels are not sufficiently accurate for use in
networks, because the highly varied properties of the
natural surfaces of interest cannot be simulated ade-
quately. Further research was recommended on dry
deposition parameters in order to estimate dry deposi-
tion rates, if possible, from measurements of atmos-
pheric concentrations at a single height, together with
observations of surface properties and micrometeoro-
logical parameters. The ability to perform such investi-
gations in the field is critically dependent upon ad-
vances in chemical and physical capabilities to provide
methods with standard relative errors of less than 1
percent for a single instrument on successive meas-
urements, or with time responses of less than 1
second. These requirements are not being achieved
for many pollutant species. At present, the most prom-
ising methods for monitoring are eddy accumulation,
modified Bowen ratio, and variance. Regardless of the
method employed, monitoring sites should be chosen
that are representative of the surrounding areas in
terms of surface properties, meteorological conditions,
and pollutant characteristics.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Meetings, Monitoring,
Transport properties, Particles, *Dry deposition, Path
of pollutants.
PB82-167206 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acidification of Rain In the Presence of SO2,
H2O2,03, and HNO3,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
John H. Overton, Jr., and Jack L. Durham. Jan 82,27p
EPA-600/D-82-150
The production of acid sulfate and the accumulation of
acid nitrate are calculated for falling raindrops using a
physico-chemical model that accounts for the mass
transfer of SO2, H2O2, O3, HNO3, and CO2. The
acidification is postulated to occur through the absorp-
tion of free gaseous HNO3 and the absorption and re-
action of SO2, H2O2, and 03 to yield H2SO4. Investi-
gated are the relative effectivness of H2O2(aq) and
O3(aq) for oxidizing SO2(aq) to yield H(+1) and SO-
2(-2), and the role of HNO3(aq) in acidifying raindrops
and influencing SO4(-2) formation. Results indicate:
that H2O2 is more effective than 03, HNO3 inhibits
SO4(-2) formation due to O3 oxidation, and in all
casos, HNO3 is important in acidifying rain.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Hydro-
gen peroxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitric acid, Mass trans-
fer, Chemical reactions, Mathematical models, 'Acid
rain.
PB82-167214 PC A02/MF A01
Keeping Dust Under the Carpet Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Barry Levene, and Dennis C. Drehmel. 1981, 5p EPA-
600/J-81-521
Pub. in Pollution Engineering, v13 n6 p38-401981.
The paper gives results of a study of civil engineering
fabrics applied to fugitive dust problems. The fabrics,
commonly used for ground stabilization, subsurface
drainage, railroad construction and maintenance, sedi-
ment control, and erosion control, are available from
Celanese, DuPont, Monsanto, and Philips Fibers under
the trade names of Typar, Bidim, Supac, and Mirafi.
Use of the fabrics for air pollution control is a recent
development and the subject of recent and future
tests. Emissions from unpaved roads are reduced by
covering the roads first with the fabric and then with
coarse aggregate. Unpaved parking lots, inactive piles,
and construction sites could be controlled similarly.
During November 1979 tests on an unpaved road con-
structed with Bidim, the average reduction in total sus-
pended paniculate was 58% and in inhalable panicu-
late was 46%. More tests are planned.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fabrics, Aerosols,
Particles, Roads, Construction, Reprints, 'Fugitive
emissions, Unpaved roads.
PB82-167222 PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Radiofrequency Radiation-induced
Whole Body Heating Following Chemical Impair-
ment of Thermoregulatton. Book article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Ralph J. Smiatowtcz. Jan 82,18p EPA-600/D-82-166
Pub. in Microwaves and Thermoregulations.
Heating by radiofrequency (RF) radiation at high inten-
sities can cause biological changes by whole-body hy-
perthermia or by altered thermal gradients within the
body. However, there have been reports of effects at
low intensities of RF radiation without evidence of in-
creased temperaure. Over the years, there has been
considerable controversy concerning the potential for
RF radiation to cause biological effects in experimental
animals in the absence of detectable increases in body
or tissue temperature. In many instances, the effects
produced by RF radiation have been attributed to
direct interactions (athermal or field-specific effects)
unrelated to any detectable temperature change in the
biological specimen.
Keywords: * Radiofrequency heating, 'Thermoregula-
tion, 'Radiation effects, Hyperthermia, Detection,
Temperature, Biological effects.
PB8M67230 PC A02/MF A01
An Improved Method for the Determination of
AiyM-hydroxyJMe Activity. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
William J. LJndblad, and Eugene Jackim. 1981, 3p
EPA-600/J-81-525, ERLN-J185
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Toxicology, v1 r>4 p234-235
1981.
An improved method for separation of tritiated
benzo(a) pyrene from tritiated water in the aryt-4-hy-
droxylase assay is presented. Quantitative retention of
benzo(a) pyrene was obtained with mixed cellulose ac-
etate and nitrate fitters. Enzymatic activities obtained
with this modification agreed well with those deter-
mined using the standard charcoal column extraction.
This modification greatly reduces the time required to
perform this assay, and allows for the determination of
enzyme activity in a large number of samples.
Keywords: Filtration, Separation, Enzymes, Revisions,
Toxicology, Extraction, Fluorescence, Cellulose ace-
tate, Reprints, *Hydroxylases/aryl, 'Tritium release
assay, Benzopyrenes.
PB82-167248 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Pasture
Runoff. Final rept 17 Apr 75-17 Oct 79,
Science and Education Administration, Lincoln, NE
J. W. Doran, J. S. Shepers, and N. P. Swansea Feb
82,8p EPA-600/J-81-527
Pub. in Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v36
n3, May-June 1981.
Natural background characteristics and grazing cattle
both influence the chemical and bacteriological quality
of pasture runoff in south central Nebraska. The chem-
ical quality of runoff from unstocked grassland was
poorer than that from grazed pasture. The chemical
quality of pasture runoff, which was better than runoff
from cultivated cropland and urban areas, was within
recommended water quality criteria. Cattle grazing in-
creased fecal coliform counts 5 to 10 fold, however,
rainfall runoff from both grazed and ungrazed pasture
exceeded the water quality criterion of 200 organisms
per 100 ml more than 90 percent of the time. Recom-
mended bacteriological water quality criteria may be
inappropriate for characterizing pasture runoff and
other non-point sources of potential pollution.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Water pol-
lution, Grassland, Cattle, Farm crops, Water quality,
Coliform bacteria, Feces, Precipttation(Meteorology),
Chemical properties, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Chlorides, Monitoring, Comparison, Nebraska, Re-
prints, 'Nonpolnt sources.
PB82-1S7255 PC A02/MF A01
Survival and Adult Emergence of Aquatic Insects
In Air-Supersaturated Water. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, F. D. Baker, and S. L Wertz. Dec 81, 9p
EPA-600/J-81-524
Pub. in Jnl. of Freshwater Ecology, v1 n3 p243-250
Dec 81.
Mayflies Timpanoga hecuba, caddisflies Dicosmoecus
gih/ipes, mosquitoes Culex peus and midges Cricoto-
pus sp. were tested in the laboratory to determine the
effects of air-supersaturated water on survival and
adult emergence. The acute 96-hour LC50 value
(lethal concentration which killed 50% after 96 hr) for
mayflies was 128.9% saturation. Times to death and
mean times to 50% death were determined. Adult
midges and mosquitoes emerged at 141% and 143%,
respectively. Good survival and emergence occurred
in controls for all test groups.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Insects, 'Water pollu-
tion, Supersaturation, Dams, Survival, Mortality, Culici-
dae, Diptera, Temperature, Algae, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Reprints.
PB82-188337 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Review of the Environmental Assessment of the
Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field In the Northwestern
Gulf of Mexico. Final rept. 1975-80,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX. Gal-
veston Lab.
Charles W. Caillouet, William B. Jackson, Gregg R.
Gitschlag, E. Peter Wilkens, and Gary M. Faw. 1981,
26p
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Gulf and Caribbean
Fisheries Institute (33rd), San Jose, Costa Rica, No-
vember 1980, p11-24. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The environmental assessment of the Buccaneer Gas
and Oil Field in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico is re-
viewed. The objectives of the environmental assess-
ment were (1) to identify and document the types and
extent of biological, chemical and physical alterations
of various manne ecosystem components associated
with the Buccaneer Field; (2) to determine specific pol-
lutants, their quantities and effects; and (3) to develop
the capability to describe and predict fate and effects
of Buccaneer Field contaminants.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Ecology, 'Marine biology,
'Water pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Environmental im-
pacts, Assessments, Marine fishes, Brines, Oil wells,
Benthos, Birds, Crustacea, Bacteria, Hydrocarbons,
Sediments, Toxicity, Metals, Offshore structures,
Ocean currents, Reprints, 'Outer continental shelves,
Baseline studies.
PB82-168360 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Evaluation and Abatement of Noise from Aircraft
Auxiliary Power Units and Airport Ground Power
Units. Technical rept (Final),
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Michael A. Staiano, Robert A. Samis, and Steven Toth.
7 Oct 80,100p* ORI/TR-1499, EPA-550/9-81-322
Contract EPA-68-01 -5040
APUs and GPUs provide essential service to aircraft
during ground operations. Sound levels near these de-
vices range from 80 to 87 dBA at 30 m for APUs, 83 to
103 dBA at 10 m for turbine-engined GPUs, and 71 to
80 dBA at 10 m for piston-engined GPUs. Procedures
are provided for: (1) estimating community sound
levels due to APUs and GPUs, (2) estimating their ex-
posures in terms of day-night sound levels, and (3) as-
sessing the desirability of noise abatement by compar-
ison to recommended levels for acceptability. Noise
abatement options include: operational changes,
equipment movement, equipment substitution, equip-
ment quieting, and sound barrier usage.
Keywords: 'Aircraft, 'Ground support equipment
'Noise pollution, Auxiliary electric power units, Engine
starters, Aircraft noise, Diurnal variations, Urban areas,
Airports, Noise reduction, 'Noise levels.
PB82-168949 PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of the Greer Fuel Pre-Heater under
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,56p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-81-2
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Greer Fuel Pre-Heater" device under
provisions of section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. On January 20, 1981, the
EPA received a request from Michael M. Greer for
evaluation of a fuel saving device termed the Greer
December 1983 1247
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pre-Heater. This device is claimed to make an automo-
bile use a greater percentage of the energy injected
into the carburetor and increase the miles per gallon
without affecting pollution factors by preheating the
gasoline before it reaches the carburetor. The device
operates as a tube and shell heat exchanger. It uses
the engine coolant as the heat source and transfers
this heat to the gasoline by conduction.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Fuel
systems, Heating equipment, Automotive fuels, Per-
formance evaluation, Heat exchangers. Fuel pre-
heaters.
PB82-168972 PC A09/MF AOt
Flw-Year Research Plan for Effects of Noise on
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Dec 81.196p* EPA-550/9-82-101
This plan, a revision of an earlier unpublished 'EPA
Five-Year Noise Effects Research Plan', is intended to
serve as a blueprint for future research by other orga-
nizations. In addition to introducing categories of
health effects of noise and setting priorities for any
new research, It includes detailed plans for the follow-
ing categories: nonaudttory physiologic effects, par-
ticularly, cardiovascular effects; sleep disturbance; in-
dividual and community response; none-induced hear-
ing loss behavioral, social and performance effects;
and communication interference. Each plan proceeds
from what is known, the research priorities, and results
of recent research to arrive at a detailed plan including
Multi-Component Research Initiatives.
Keywords: •Stress(Pfiysio4ogy). Public health, Plans,
Priorities, Research, Physiological effects. Cardiovas-
cular system, Sleep, Communities, Behavior,
Perforrnance(Hijman), Hypertension, 'Noise pollution,
•Environmental health. Hearing loss.
PM2-169095 PC A03/MF A01
Refining of Coal-Derived Synthetic Crudes. Tech-
nical rapt,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John McGuckm. Feb 82, 49p EPA-AA-SDSB-62-4
This report examines the refining of coal-derived (H-
Coal, EDS and SFtC-ll) synthetic crudes both atone in
grass-roots refineriesand in combination with petrole-
um crudes in existing refineries. The conclusions
reached are as follows: The H-Coal syncrude is the
cheapest to refine and the SRC-ll syncrude is the most
expensive. WhSe the costs per mBtu of refining syn-
crudes in grass-roots or existing refineries is fairly
dose, the use of existing refineries wfll greatly reduce
new capital investment and appears to be the most
*ety scenario.
Keywords. Refineries, Cost analysis, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Economic analysis, Comparison, Process chart-
ing, Design, 'H-ooal process, 'Exxon liquefaction
process, 'SRC-II process. Coal liquefaction.
I-1691M PC A02/MF A01
i Ethytorw: A Bloaiasy for Rhfaosphere-Ap-
ptod PtiytotoJdeant*. Journal article,
CorvaHs Environmental Roooarch Lab., OR.
Kent D.Rodecap, and David T.Tmgey. 1961,1 1p
EPA-600/J-B1-523
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p1 19-127 1981.
A bbassay for rhizosphere-apDMed phytotoxJcarrts was
developed and evaluated with a broad range of chemi-
cals. Test substances were applied to the rhizosphere
of whole, intact bush bean plants (Phaseotus vukjaris
L cv. Bush Blue Lake 290) grown in a solid support
medwm and the resultant ethytene production was
measured to detect the presence of pnytotoxic materi-
als. The beans were encapsulated in plastic bags for 2
hrs (oflowing treatment and then incubated for 24 hrs
in the dark. Ethytene and ethane accumulating within
the bags were quantified via gas-solid chromatogra-
phy. The application of various concentration of inor-
ganic and organic chemicals induced various re-
. No angle equation adequately described the
curves; therefore, a critical value (a
nt increase in stress ethytene pro-
duction) was computed for each test substance. A
pnytotoxjc-rasponse threshold for each test substance
was defined as the test substance concentration that
caused ethylene production to exceed its respective
critical-value concentration. Based on threshold con-
centrations determined by analysis of stress ethylene
production, the relative phytotoxicrty rankings of the in-
organic test substances were: CdCI2 > CuCI2 >
Pb(C2H302)2 > LJCI, while those of the organic test
substances were 2,4-D esters < paraquat dicloride <
1-butane) < 2-propanone < 2-prooanol. Both stress
ethylene and ethane production were nonresponsive
to hydrogen-ion concentration (measured before appli-
cation) over a broad range.
Keywords: 'Ethytene, 'Toxicology, Plants(Botany),
BkJassay, Responses, Stems(Botany), Reprints, *Priy-
totoxicants.
PB82-169194 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of UV-B Radiation on the Fecundity of the
Copepod 'Acartia clausli'. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
J. J. Karanas, R. C. Worrest and H. Van Dyke. 1981.
11pEPA-600/J-81-522
Grant EPA-R-806490
Pub. in Marine Biology 65, p125-1331981.
It has recently been demonstrated that acute midultra-
violet irradiation (UV-B, 290 to 320 nm) of the marine
copepod Acartia clausii results in reduced survival and
fecundity. In the present study, immature late copepo-
dites were separated by sex and exposed to three UV-
B exposure levels (0. 25, and 50 effective DNA Jsq.
m). The irradiated copapods were then reared to
sexual maturity and adult virgin survivors were mated
according to prior exposure, supplying 7 different types
of mating crosses (MOFO, MOF25, M25FO, M25F25,
MOF50, M50FO, M50F50). Six replications of each
cross were maintained for the duration of an experi-
ment Two experiments are documented. There was a
significant effect of UV-B radiation on the survival of
trie parents as well as a reduction in the number of
eggs and the number of living nauplii produced. For
each experiment 30 nauplii from each type of cross
were separated, repeated to maturity and counted,
providing information on the survival capability of non-
irradiated off-spring from the seven different mating
types. Previous exposure of parental stock did not sig-
nificantly affect the survival, and development to matu-
rity, of these nauplii 15 d after separation.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Fecundity. Marine biol-
ogy. Exposure, Aquatic animals,
Reproduction(Btokxjy), Reprints, 'Acartia clausii, Co-
pepoda.
PB82-169202
"NsanthM an
sponses. No angl
dose-response cu
statistically signific
PC A02/MF A01
eeodentala', • CytogeiMtlc Model
for Marine Qtnttte Toxicology. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Gerald G. Pesch, Carol E. Pesch, andA. Russell
Malcolm. 25 Sep 81,13p EPA-600/J-82-232, ERLN-
J225
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 1, p301 -311 1981.
Genetic toxicants are present in polluted marine envi-
ronments and may represent a long-term threat to
populations of marine organisms. A cytogenetic model
is useful to study the effects of these toxicants. The
potychaela, Neanthes arenaceodentata, was chosen
as such a model because it has a suitable karyotype, is
easily cultured, and represents an ecologically impor-
tant group of organisms. This paper presents details of
an in vivo application of sister chromatid exchange
(SCE) analysis, a sensitive cytogenetic technique, to
this marine worm. In earlier studies, N, arenaceoden-
tata exhibited a dose response to mitomyan C (MMC)
at concentrations comparable to those that elicited re-
sponses in in vivo mammalian systems. Exposure to 5
times 10 to the 7th power M MMC for 48 h increased
the frequency of SCE in the worm from a baseline
value of 0.14 exchanges/chrornosome to 0.5 ex-
changes/chromosome. Positive SCE responses in the
worm have also been demonstrated in this study for
other known, direct-acting mutagens such as 5-bromo-
deoxyuridine and methytmethanesulfonate, as well as
for compounds that need metabolic activation such as
benzq(a)pyrene. dimethylnrtrosamine and cydophos-
phamide. These results imply that N, arenaceodentata
can metabolize promutagens and suggest that the
worm may be sensitive to a broad spectrum of genetic
toxicants. The significance of these findings, as well as
directions for future research, are discussed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Models, Genetics, Reprints,
•Neanthes arenaceodentata, 'Cytogenetics, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-169210 PC A02/MF A01
Storm and Combined Sewers: Part of the Treat-
ment Process. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field. 1982,6p EPA-600/J-82-126
Pub. in WATER/Engineering and Management p34-
36,39 Jan 82.
The use of existing collection systems as part of the
municipal wastewater treatment process has been
clearly demonstrated. Some of the topics studied
relate to collection systems, and a review of these pro-
vides insight into the management of collection sys-
tems for the dual purposes of drainage and pollution
control. Maintenance and management of collection
systems are absolutely necessary to achieve cost-ef-
fective combined sewer overflow (CSO) pollution con-
trol.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Water
pollution control, 'Municipalities, Catch basins, Main-
tenance, Flushing, Polymers, Flow regulators, Drain-
age, Reprints.
PB8M69541 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Toxic Substances Dilemma: A Plan for Citizen
Action,
National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC.
Edward Segal, Kenneth S. Kamlet, Barbara Clark,
Wanda Veraska, and Judith Lowe. 1981,129p*
Grant EPA-T900905-01
This manual provides a clear explanation of the con-
cept of a toxic substance, the biological and ecological
effects of such substances, and the risks associated
with their use. The federal laws which govern the man-
ufacture, distribution, use, discharge and disposal of
toxic and hazardous materials are identified and ex-
plained. Detailed guidance for citizen actions is also
provided, along with an actual case study which devel-
ops a general method for pinpointing and studying
sources most likely to pose health and environmental
risks because of toxic discharges into waterways.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous mate-
rials. Assessments, Risk, Ecology, Legislation; Envi-
ronments, Sociology, 'Toxic substances, Biological ef-
fects, 'Health risks, Federal law, Toxic Substances
Control Act, Public Law 94-469, Environmental health,
Citizen participation.
PB82-169618 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Control Technology Evaluation for Super-
sonic Transport Category Aircraft Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Kenneth McK. EkJred. Jul 80,177p BBN-4052. EPA-
550/9-81-323
Contract EPA-68-01 -4488
Noise control technology applicable to supersonic
transport (SST) category aircraft is evaluated in view of
the restraints of the Noise Control Act of 1972, which
restricts both the EPA and the FAA to noise regula-
tions that meet considerations of 'safety, economic
reasonableness, technological practicability, and ap-
propriateness to type of aircraft' The effect of such
constraints on the design goal for second-generation
SSTs is considered. The report contains five sections.
Section 2 develops a basic perspective on the noise of
subsonic and supersonic aircraft and the general rela-
tionships between their airframe and engine perform-
ance characteristics, noise certification standards, and
noise impact Section 3 summarizes the status of indi-
vidual elements of noise control technology including
engine, aerodynamics, and operational procedures.
Section 4 reviews some of trie integrated airframe-
engine noise integration studies, and Section 5 at-
tempts to summarize where noise and the SST stand
with respect to technology. This report is based on in-
formation developed and made available prior to Fall
1978.
Keywords: 'Supersonic transports, 'Airports, 'Noise
reduction, Noise pollution, Technology assessment.
1248 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Structural design, Aircraft landings, Takeoff, Aerody-
namic noise.
PB82-169632 PC A99/MF A01
Draft San Diego Metropolitan Facilities Plan:
Wastewater Treatment, Reclamation and Dispos-
al, 1975-2000.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA,
Region IX.
Oct 77,645p
The purpose of the City of San Diego. Metropolitan Fa-
cilities Plan is to determine and recommend the most
cost-effective, socially and environmentally sound
means of achieving, in the San Diego Metropolitan
Area the national water quality objectives. Implemen-
tation of the Plan requires consideration of environ-
mental concerns in three different topic or issue areas.
These environmental issues or concerns are: Marine
discharge of primary treated sewage effluent; second-
ary impacts of growth; and Tijuana wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Construc-
tion, Land use. Air quality, Water pollution, Aquatic ani-
mals, Recreation, Population growth, California,
Mexico, Sewage treatment plants, 'Ocean waste dis-
posal, San Diego(Califomia), Tijuana(Mexico).
PB82-169913 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Methodology for Estimating Emissions from Off-
Highway Mobile Sources for the RAPS Program.
Final rept Mar-Sep 74,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Charles T. Hare. Oct 74,91 p EPA-450/3-75-002
Contract EPA-68-02-1397
Emissions, population, and usage data existing in the
technical literature have been collected and organized
for the following unregulated sources: outboard
motors, snowmobiles, motorcycles, lawn and garden
equipment, construction equipment industrial equip-
ment, and farm equipment Methodologies for estimat-
ing emissions and fuel consumption on a county basis
have been developed for the sources noted above.
They have been demonstrated for counties in the St
Louis Metropolitan Air Quality Control Region (AQCR),
and their strengths and weaknesses have been dis-
cussed. Methods have also been developed to appor-
tion county emissions estimates to grid elements, but
they have not been demonstrated. The exhaust con-
stituents assessed include hydrocarbons (HC), carbon
monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), paniculate,
aldehydes (RCHO), and oxides of sulfur (SOx). For
outboard motors, neither partculate nor aldehyde data
were available; but carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
were included.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Particles;
Aldehydes, Sulfur oxides, Carbon dioxide, Outboard
engines, Snow vehicles, Construction equipment Agri-
cultural machinery.
PB82-170457 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aircraft Noise - Takeoff Right Procedures and
Future Goals,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Kenneth McK. Eldred. Nov 80,117p 4662R, EPA-550/
9-81-324
Contract EPA-68-01-4488
The study was designed to develop and analyze an air-
craft takeoff noise data base consisting of areas and
populations, computed as a function of noise level, air-
craft type, weight and takeoff flight procedure. Six air-
craft each at typical and maximum weight were
chosen to represent the range of civil transport aircraft
and engine types. Six types of takeoff flight procedures
were selected, three involving cleanup of flaps and
leading edge devices before thrust cutback, and three
involving moist cutback before or during cleanup.
Each of these procedures was initiated at 3 altitudes:
122, 305, and 610 meters, so that for each combina-
tion of aircraft and weight a total of 18 takeoff proce-
dures were considered, for a total of 216 cases.
Keywords: 'Jet aircraft noise, 'Takeoff, Noise pollu-
tion, Noise reduction, Environmental impacts, Data ac-
quisition, 'Noise levels.
PB82-171067 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Best Management Practices Implementation •
Rochester, New York. Final rept. Oct 78-Nov 80,
O'Brien and Gere Engineers, Inc., Syracuse, NY.
Cornelius B. Murphy, Jr., Dwight A. MacArthur, David J.
Carieo, Thomas J. Quinn, and James E. Stewart Apr
81,244p EPA-905/9-81-002
Grant EPA-G-005334
Prepared in cooperation with Monroe County Div. of
Pure Waters, Rochester, NY.
The Best Management Practices (BMPs) offered an
attractive and feasible alternative to the partial solution
of stormwater runoff induced receiving water quality
impairment for the City of Rochester, New York. The
configured BMP program resulted in a measureable re-
duction in the frequency and volume of combined
sewer overflow (CSO) discharged to the Genesee
River. The study defined and outlined the effective
BMP measures, advanced a methodology of ap-
proach, and established preliminary cost/benefit rela-
tionships.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution control, 'Urban
areas, Combined sewers, Overflows, Sewers, Flush-
ing, Rainfall, Monitoring, Catch basins, Pavements,
Porous materials, Permeability, Flow regulators, New
York, Diagrams, 'Storm water runoff, Best manage-
ment practices, Rochester(New York).
PB82-172156 PC A03/MF A01
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physi-
cal/Chemical Methods. Technical update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Fob 82,28p EPA/SW-846C
The Environmental Agency has issued Revision C to
SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste'
adding the following hexavalent chromium analytical
methods to those approved for use in evaluating waste
materials regulated under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act Method 8.545, Coprecipitation with
Lead SuHate; Method 8-546, Diphenylcarbazide Color-
ometric; and Method 8-547, Chelatton - Extraction/
Atomic absorption.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Chromium, Colorimet-
ric analysis. Extraction, Atomic spectroscopy, 'Solid
wastes, Carbazide/diphenyl, Lead sulfate.
PB82-172263 PC A03/MF A01
Potyoxyethytene Ethanol Monoesters of 5- (and 6-
) Carboxy-4-Hexyt-2-Cydohexene-1-Octanolc
Add - Iodine Complex: Pesticide Registration
Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
17Nov81,36p
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Complex com-
pounds, Toxicology, Ecology, Residues, Iodine organic
compounds, "Octanoic acJd/(polyoxyethylene etha-
nol-ester)-(carboxy-hexyl-cyclohexenyl), Path of pol-
lutants.
PC A05/MF A01
(OBPA): Pesticide
PB82-172271
tO.IO'-Oxyblsphenoxarsine
Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 81,87p EPA-540/RS-82-003
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, Ecology, 'Oxybisphenoxarsine, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB82-172289 PC A03/MF A01
Oxyfluorfen (Goal 2E): Position Document No 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jan 82,40p EPA-540/9-82-002
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) of products containing the above chemical.
The responses by the EPA to comments on the prelim-
inary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel
and the United States Department of Agriculture are
contained in the document. A bibliography of citations
used in this final determination is also provided.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chlorine organic
compounds, Exposure, Public health, Toxicity, 'Oxy-
fluorfen, Ethylene/chloro, Rebuttable presumption
against registration.
PB82-172297 PC A06/MF A01
N-<2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-N-(Methoxyacetyl) Alanine
Methyl Ester (Metalaxyl): Pesticide Registration
Standard,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Denise Keehner, Rose Allison, Henry Jacoby, and
Jane Talarico. Jun 81,105p EPA-540/RS-82-005
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, 'Meta-
laxyl, Alanine/N-(dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-
(methyl-ester), Path of pollutants.
PB82-172388 PC A04/MF A01
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Auburn, Maine Solid Waste Energy Recovery
Project Technical bulletin.
Brown, Vence and Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Apr81,65p
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
This technical bulletin is one of a series of reports pre-
senting information gathered in visits to resource re-
covery facilities around the United States. This study
effort has been sponsored by the California State Solid
Waste Management Board (CSSWMB). As a number
of California resource recovery facilities approach the
implementation stage, the CSSWMB has recognized
the need to team from existing projects. In late 1980,
five sites were chosen and visited by staff members
from Brown, Vence and Associates, consultants to the
CSSWMB. These sites included both small and large
scale facilities, a number of differing technologies, and
projects in varying stages of implementation or oper-
ation. The subject of this technical bulletin is the
Auburn, Maine modular combustion waste-to-energy
project
Keywords: California, Cost analysis, Revisions, Design
criteria, Regulations, Maine, 'Solid waste manage-
ment Aubum(Maine), 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Waste
recycling.
PB82-172396 PC A04/MF A01
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Duluth, Minnesota Solid Waste/Sewage Sludge
Co-Disposal Project Technical bulletin.
Brown, Vence and Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Jun81,61p
December 1983 1249
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
This technical bulletin is one of a series of reports pre-
senting information gathered in visits to resource re-
covery facilities around the United States. This study
effort has been sponsored by the California State Solid
Waste Management Board (CSSWMB). As a number
of California resource recovery facilities approach the
implementation stage, the CSSWMB has recognized
the need to team from existing projects. In later 1980,
five states were chosen and visited by staff members
from Brown, Vence and Associates, consultants to the
CSSWMB. These sites included both small and large
scale facilities, a number of differing technologies, and
projects in varying stages of implementation or oper-
ation. The subject of this technical bulletin is the
Dufuth, Minnesota, solid waste/sewage sludge co-dis-
posal project
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
California, Cost analysis. Revisions, Design criteria,
Regulations, Minnesota, 'Solid waste management,
•Waste recycling, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Sewage
sludge, *Duluth(Minnesota).
PBS2-172404 PC A04/MF A01
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Akron, Ohio Recycle Energy System Project
Technical bulletin.
Brown, Vence and Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Apr61.72p
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
This technical bulletin is one of a series of reports pre-
senting information gathered in visits to resource re-
covery facilities around the United States. This study
effort has been sponsored by the California State Solid
Waste Management Board (CSSWMB). As a number
of CaHomia resource recovery facilities approach the
implementation stage, the CSSWMB has recognized
the need to (earn from existing projects. In late 1980,
five sites were chosen and visited by staff members
from Brown, Vence and Associates, consultants to the
CSSWMB. These sites included both small and large
scale facilities, a number of Differing technologies, and
projects in varying stages of implementation or oper-
ation. The subject of this technical bulletin is the
Akron, Ohio RDF-dedfcated boiler waste-to-energy
project
Keywords: California, Cost analysis, Revisions, Design
criteria, Regulations, Ohio, 'Solid waste management,
•AkrorXOhio), •Waste recycling, 'Refuse derived
fuels.
PB82-172412 PC A04/MF A01
California State SoW Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Swgus, Massachusetts Refuse Energy System
Company Project Technical bulletin.
Brown, Vence and Associates, San Francisco, CA.
May81,67p
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
This technical bulletin is one of a series of reports pre-
senting information gathered in visits to resource re-
covery facilities around the United States. This study
effort has been sponsored by the Catrtomia State Solid
Waste Management Board (CSSWMB). As a number
of California resource recovery facftties approach the
itabon stage, the CSSWMB has recognized
im
the need to learn from existing projects, in late 1980,
flwe sites were chosen and visited by staff members of
Brown, Vence and Associates, consultants to the
CSSWMB. These sites included both smaR and large
scale facilities, a number of differing technologies, and
protects in varying stages of implementation or oper-
ation. The subject of this technical bulletin is the
RESCO waste-to-energy project in Saugus, Massa-
chusetts.
Keywords: California, Cost analysis, Revisions, Design
criteria, Regulations, Massachusetts, 'Solid waste
management, •Saugus(Massachusetts), 'Refuse de-
rived fuete.
PM2-172420 PC A15/MF A01
CaMbrria Energy Resources Conservation and Devel-
opment Commission, Sacramento.
Energy Analysis of Secondary Material Use In
Product Manufacture,
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Regis D. Kunz, and Mark R. Emmerson. Nov 79,347p
Sponsored in part by California Energy Resources
Conservation and Development Commission, Sacra-
mento.
This study was prepared by the California State Solid
Waste Management Board (SSWMB) under contract
with the California State Energy Resource Conserva-
tion and Development Commission (ERCDC). The
funding was made available by the Department of
Energy to the ERCDC to support development of Cali-
fornia's Energy Conservation Plan. As part of this plan,
the report quantifies the savings from energy conser-
vation in California by the efficient management and
use of solid wastes and recyclable materials.
Keywords: California, Cost analysis, Marketing, 'Solid
waste management, 'Waste recycling, 'Energy con-
servation.
PB82-172438 PC A05/MF A01
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
Madison, Wisconsin Energy Recovery Project
Technical bulletin.
Brown, Vence and Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Jun81,77p
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
This technical bulletin is one of a series of reports pre-
senting information gathered in visits to resource re-
covery facilities around the United States. This study
effort has been sponsored by the California State Solid
Waste Management Board (CSSWMB). As a number
of California resource recovery facilities approach the
implementation stage, the CSSWMB has recognized
the need to learn from existing projects. In late 1980,
five sites were chosen and visited by staff members
from Brown, Vence and Associates, consultants to the
CSSWMB. These sites included both small and large
scale facilities, a number of differing technologies, and
projects in varying stages of implementation or oper-
ation. The subject of the technical bulletin is the Madi-
son, Wisconsin, RDF-supplemental fuel project
Keywords: Design criteria. Cost analysis, Revisions,
California, Regulations, Wisconsin, 'Solid waste man-
agement, *Madison(Wisconsin), 'Refuse derived
fuels.
PB82-1724S3 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ground Water Research Plan. Final repL 12 May
81-15 Oct 81.
MITRE Corp., McLean. VA.
Sep 81,4Qp EPA-600/9-81-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3196
This document sets out the objectives of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's ground-water research;
specifies the Agency's legislative mandates in ground
water, and describes the research activities which sup-
port those mandates with explicit time frames; and
identifies the clients of the research. The main EPA re-
search activities are directed toward developing less
costly and more accurate methods for detecting
ground-water pollution; improving the scientific knowl-
edge for predicting the movement transformation, and
fate of contaminants released into the ground-water
environment; assessing the strategies arid cost-effec-
tiveness of the reclamation of polluted ground water;
and enhancing the availability and accessibility of tech-
nical information related to ground-water pollution.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Research
projects, Aquifers, Waste disposal, Hazardous materi-
als, Monitoring, Cost effectiveness, Legislation, Path
of pollutants.
PB82-173022 PC A24/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste: Proceedings
of the Annual Research Symposium (8th), Held at
Ft Urtchefl, Kentucky, on March 8-10, 1982. Final
rept.
Southwest Research Inst. San Antonio, TX.
David W. Schultz, and David Black. Mar 82,561 p*
EPA-600/9-82-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2962
See also PB82-173030 thru PB82-173394, and PB81-
173882.
The purpose of the symposium was (1) to provide a
forum for a state-of-the-art review and discussion of
on-going and recently completed research projects
dealing with the managment of solid and industrial
wastes; (2) to bring together people concerned with
municipal solid waste management who can benefit
from an exchange of ideas and information; and (3) to
provide an arena for the peer review of SHWRD's
overall research program. These proceedings are a
compilation of papers presented by the symposium
speakers. The technical areas covered in the Land
Disposal: Municipal Solid Waste are gas and leachate
production, treatment and control technologies, and
economics. The areas covered in Land Disposal; Haz-
ardous Wastes are landfill design and operation, pol-
lutant movement and control technology - liner sys-
tems, control technology - waste modification, land
treatment uncontrolled sites/ remedial action, eco-
nomics.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Refuse disposal, 'Meetings, Earth fills, Leaching,
Water pollution, Linings, Hazardous materials, Con-
tainment Cost analysis, Control, 'Land disposal, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, Sanitary landfills, Pollution control.
PB82-173030
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Current Research on Land Disposal of Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Norbert B. Schomaker, and John V. Klingshim. Mar 82,
12p
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p1-12
1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173048
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Verification of the U.S. EPA HSSWDS Hydrotogte
Simulation Model,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vtcks-
burg.MS.
Anthony C. Gibson, and Philip G. Malone. Mar 82,13p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p13-
251981.
No abstract available.
PB82-173055
(Order as PB82-173022. PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Statistical Analysis of Uncertainties In Flow of
Liquids Through Landfill*,
University of South Florida. Tampa.
Elfatih M. AN, Charles A. Moore, and I. L Lee. Mar 82,
27p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p26-
521982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173063
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluating Landfill Containment Capability,
Geotechnics, Inc., Columbus, OH.
Charles A. Moore, and Michael Roulier. Mar 82,14p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p53-
661982.
No abstract available.
1250 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-173071
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Laboratory and Field Studies of Factors In Pre-
dicting Site Specific Composition of Hazardous
Waste Leachate,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
B. C. Garrett, J. S. Warner, M. P. Miller, and L G. Taft.
Mar82,20p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p67-
861982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173089
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Methods for Conducting Soil Column Tests to
Predict Pollutant Migration,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Wallace H. Fuller. Mar 82,19p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p87-
1051982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173097
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Solt- and Clay-Catalyzed Reactions: I. Physico-
chemical and Structural Relationships of Organic
Chemicals Undergoing Free-Radical Oxidation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
James Dragun, and Charles S. Helling. Mar 82,16p
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p106-
121 1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173105
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Predicting Mixing of Leachate Plumes In Ground
Water,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
Wayne A. Pettyjohn, Thomas L Prickett, Douglas C.
Kent, Harry E. LeGrand, and Fred E. Wrtz. Mar 82,15p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p122-
1361982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173113
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Soluble Salts and Caustic Soda on Solu-
bHHy and Adsorption of Hexachlorocyclopenta-
dtene,
Illinois State Geological Survey Drv., Champaign.
Sheng-Fu J. Chow/Robert A. Griffin, and Mej-fn M.
Chou. Mar82,13p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p137-
1491982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173121
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Verification of Gas Migration at Lees Lane Land-
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Charles A. Moore, Joel W. Massmann, Ronald M.
McOmber, and James J.Walsh. Mar 82.11p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with CTL/Thompson, Inc., Denver CO. and SCS Engi-
neers, Covington, KY.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p150-
1601982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173139
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Volatilization Mechanisms from Surface
Impoundments in the Absence of Wind,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
L J. Thibodeaux, C. Springer, T. Hedden, and P
Lunney. Mar 82,13p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p161-
1731982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173147
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Permeability of Cracked Clay Liners,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Charles A. Moore, and Elfatih M. Ali. Mar 82,5p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p174-
1781982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173154
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Organic Fluids on the Permeability of
Clay Soil Liners,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
David Anderson, K. W. Brown, and Jan Green. Mar 82,
12p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p179-
1901982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173162
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effects on Uner Materials of Long-Term Exposure
In Waste Environments,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E.Haxo, Jr. Mar 82,21 p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p191-
211 1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173170
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Landfilllng of Sludges Containing Metal Hydrox-
ides,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Hang-Tan Phung, David E. Ross, Philip S. Pagoria, and
Stephen P. Shelton. Mar 82,12p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with South Carolina Univ., Columbia.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p212-
223 1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173188
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Procedures for Installing Uner Systems,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and Michael P. Miklas, Jr. Mar 82,15p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with Stottier Stagg and Associates, San Antonio, TX.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p224-
238 1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173196
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Techniques to Detect Landfill
Liner Failings,
EarthTech Research Corp., Baltimore, MD.
Muriel Jennings Waller, and J. L. Davis. Mar 82,11 p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p239-
2491982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173204
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Electrical Resistivity Techniques for Locating
Liner Leaks,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Wendell R. Peters, David W. Shultz, and Bob M. Duff.
Mar 82,11p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p250-
2601982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173212
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Time Domain Reftectrometry and
Acoustic Emission Monitoring: Leak Detection
Systems for Landfill Liners,
EarthTech Research Corp., Baltimore, MD.
Peter Jay Huck. Mar 82,13p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p261-
2741982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173220
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Leachate from Co-Disposal of Municipal and Haz-
ardous Waste In Landfill Simulators,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Riley N. Kinman, Janet I. Rickabaugh, James J. Walsh,
and W. Gregory Vogt Mar 82,20p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with SCS Engineers, Covington, KY.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p274-
2941982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173238
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Disposal of Treated and Untreated Electroplating
Waste In a Simulated Municipal Landfill,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Larry W. Jones, and Philip G. Malone. Mar 82,21 p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p294-
3141982.
No abstract available.
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1251
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exploratory Studies on the Encapsulation of Se-
lected Hazardous Wastes with Sulfur-Asphalt
Blends,
New York Univ., NY. Dept of Applied Science.
Walter Brenner, and Barry Rugg. Mar 82,12p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p315-
3261982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173253
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.. Cincinnati,
OH.
Experimental Evaluation of the RCRA Extraction
Procedure,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, VTcks-
burg.MS.
RobertJ. Larson, and Philip G. Matone. Mar 82,19p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p327-
3461982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173261
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Studies on Leachate and Groundwater Treatment
at Three Problem Sites,
Baker (Michael), Jr., Inc., Beaver. PA. Baker/TSC Div.
Alan J. Shuckrow, and Andrew P. Pajak. Mar 82,14p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p346-
3591982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173279
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH
The Behavior of Heavy Metals During LandfH Dis-
posal of Hazardous Wastes,
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
Frederick G. Portend, Joseph P. Gould, R. Efizabeth
Ramsey, and Daniell C. Walters. Mar 82,12p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p360-
371 1982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173287
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Degradation of PenUchloroohenol and Pentach-
- • me to a Laboratory Composting
System,
Agricultural Research Service, BettsviMe, MD.
L J. Sikora, D. D. Kaufman, M. A. Ramirez, and G. B.
Wltson.Mar82.11p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with Man/tend Environmental Service, ArmapoNs.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste. p372-
3821982.
No abstract avatebte.
PB82-173295
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH
The Fata of Hutagentc Compounds when Hazard-
ous Wastes Are Land Treated,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K.W. Brown, (C C.Donnelly, and B. Scott. Mar 82,15p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Inducted in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste. p383-
3971982.
No abstract available.
PB8M73303
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Subsurface Effects of Long-Term
Landfarming,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
R. L Huddteston, J. E. Rucker, K. W. Brown, and L E.
Deuei.Mar82,49
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Prepared in cooperation
with American Petroleum Inst, Washington, DC. and
Conoco, Inc.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p398-
4461982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173311
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Evaluation on Land Treatment of Tannery
Sludges,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Lam V. Ho, Hang-Tan Phung, and David E. Ross. Mar
82,17p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p447-
4631982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173329
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Leachate Quality Improvements After Top SeaJ-
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
William W. Beck, Jr., Alison L Dunn, and Grover H.
Emrich. Mar 82,11p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p464-
4741982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173337
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of LandfH Remedial Action Alterna-
tives Through Groundwater Modelng,
BatteHe Pacific Northwest Labs., Rfchland, WA.
Charles R. Cote. Mar 82,11 p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab.. Cincinnati. OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p475-
4851982.
No abstract avaHabte.
PB82-173345
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Case Study of Repairing Eroded LandflH Cover,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Vfcks-
burg, MS. Geotechnteal Lab.
R rLutton, V. H. Torrey, III, and J. Fowler. Mar 82,9p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab.. Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p486-
4941982.
No abstract available.
PB82-1733S2
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Reclamation of Ash Disposal Areas,
Central Research and Design Inst for Open-Pit
Mining. Wroclaw (Poland).
Wladyslaw WysosW, and Ronald D. Hill. Mar 82,13p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p495-
5071982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173360
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Remedial Action Resource Documents: Building
ontheEPATRD'S,
Littte (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, MA.
John R. Ehrenfeld, and Jeffrey M. Bass. Mar 82,4p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p508-
5111982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173378
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Handbook for Remedial Actions at Waste Dispos-
al Sites,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Paul J. Rogoshewski, Roger S. Wetzel, and Donald E.
Banning. Mar 82,8p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p512-
5191982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173386
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Coping with Orphaned Hazardous Waste Sites
and Spills,
Environmental Law Inst, Washington, DC.
1982,14p
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p520-
5331982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173394
(Order as PB82-173022, PC A24/MF A01)
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Costs of Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Haz-
ardous Waste Sites,
SCS Engineers, Covington, KY.
James J. Walsh, Dennis P. Gillespie, Howard L Rishel,
and Sheila M. Kennedy. Mar 82.16p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Included in Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, p534-
5491982.
No abstract available.
PB82-173998 PC A04/MF A01
The H-Coal and SRC-II Processes. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Daniel Heiser. Feb 82,53p* EPA-AA-SDSB-62-7
This report examines the product quality and cost of
the H-Coal and Solvent Refined Coal II (SRC-II) proc-
esses. Available design studies addressing these
processes are critiqued and the most accurate de-
scription and cost estimates are selected. The critique
of the available studies shows that costs in constant
dollars have risen dramatically over the last five years
and that most of the available studies are now out of
date. A recent study by the Department of Energy con-
tains the most recent analysis of the SRC-II process
and a recent 1981 report by Ashland contains the most
accurate information on the H-Coal processes.
Keywords: 'Industrial plants, Coal gasification, Design,
Cost analysis, Economic analysis. Performance eval-
uation, *H-coal process, "SRC process, Coal liquefac-
tion.
1252 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-177460 PC A02/MF A01
Exxon Donor Solvent Coal Liquefaction Process.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John McGuckin. Feb 82,23p* EPA-AA-SDSB-82-6
This report examines the history, technological feasi-
bility, product quality, and cost of the EDS process.
Available design studies addressing the process are
critiqued and the best description and cost estimates
are selected. The conclusion reached is as follows: a
recent study by Exxon Research and Engineering was
found to contain the most recent information on the
EDS process. As this report shows increased costs
and lowered process efficiencies, all older studies
must be considered to be out-of-date.
Keywords: Technology, Feasibility, Cost analysis,
Fuels, Process charting, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Industrial
plants, 'Exxon Liquefaction Process, Coal liquefac-
tion.
PB82-177494 PC A02/MF A01
Conversion of Ammonia Plants to Methanol Pro-
duction. Technical rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Danial P. Heiser. Feb 82,18p* EPA-AA-SDSB-82-3
This report investigates the technical feasibility and
capital cost of converting an ammonia plant to a meth-
anol plant, both using natural gas as a feedstock. It
was determined that the ammonia industry, which cur-
rently produces about 20 million tons of ammonia per
year in the United States, could convert their facilities
to produce 16.4 million tons per year of methanol, or a
fuel oil equivalent of 150,000 barrels per day. Such a
conversion would cost about $2.1 billion, compared to
a cost of $3.1 billion for building new natural gas-based
methanol plants of the same capacity. While convert-
ing ammonia plants to methanol production has favor-
able capital costs over that of building new plants, the
savings of one-third is not large, particularly consider-
ing the effects of eliminating (or reducing) ammonia
production. Thus, it would appear at this time that large
savings cannot be obtained from the conversion of
ammonia plants to methanol production.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, Ammonia, Industrial
plants, Technology, Feasibility, Capitalized costs, Re-
visions, Fuels, Design, Performance evaluation.
PB82-177585 PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard: 3-(Methylsul-
fonyKHMethylamino)) Carfaonyl Oxime-2-Butan-
one (Butoxtearboxlme).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 81,49p EPA-540/RS-82-004
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
marizes of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Sulfur organic
compounds. Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry,
Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, 'Butoxicarboxim, Bu-
tanone/(methylsutfonyf)-
((methylamino)carbonyl)oxime,
Path of pollutants.
PB82-177643 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Guidance Document for the Control of Water Pol-
lution in the Photographic Processing Industry.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Apr 81,271 p EPA-440/1-81/082-9
Contract EPA-68-01-3273
The purpose of the Guidance Document is to assist
local authorities and other interested parties in the
control of wastewater pollutants from photographic
processing facilities where required.
Keywords: 'Photography, 'Water pollution control,
'Industrial waste treatment, Waste water, Manuals,
Color photography, Photographic developers, Photo-
graphic processing chemicals, Photographic equip-
ment. Silver inorganic compounds, Silver halide,
Bleaching agents, Water conservation, Cyanides,
Precipitation(Chemistry)t Filtration, Ozonization, Clari-
fication, Osmosis, 'Photographic processing industry,
Reverse osmosis.
PB82-177759 PC A03/MF A01
Contractor Requirements for the Control and Se-
curity of TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act)
Confidential Business Information.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Oct 81,50p EPA-560/1 -82-002
These procedures prescribe minimum standards and
establish responsibility and accountability for the con-
trol and security of documents and computer systems
that contain confidential business information (CBI) re-
ceived under the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) and furnished to a contractor to perform work
under an EPA contract.
Keywords: 'Contractors, 'Data processing security,
Businesses, Information, Documents, Contract admin-
istration, Contracted services, 'Computer information
security, 'Confidentiality, Privacy, Toxic Substances
Control Act
PB82-177767 PC A04/MF A01
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) Confidential
Business Information Security Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Oct 81,55p EPA-560/1 -82-001
These procedures prescribe minimum standards and
establish responsibility and accountability for the con-
trol of documents and computer systems that contain
confidential business information (CBI) received by
EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Keywords: 'Contractors, 'Data processing security,
Businesses, Information, Documents, Contract admin-
istration, Contracted services, 'Computer information
security, 'Confidentiality, Privacy, Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PB82-177874 PC A12/MF A01
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards for Partfculate Matter Assessment of Scien-
tific and Technical Information. Staff paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 82,274p EPA-450/5-82-001
This paper evaluates and interprets the available sci-
entific and technical information that the EPA staff be-
lieves is most relevant to the review of primary (health)
and secondary (welfare) National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) and presents
staff recommendations on alternative approaches to
revising the standards. The assessment is intended to
bridge the gap between the scientific review in the EPA
criteria document for particulate matter and sulfur
oxides and the judgements required of the Administra-
tor in setting ambient air quality standards for particu-
late matter. The major recommendations of the staff
paper include the following: (1) that TSP be replaced
by a new particle indicator that includes only those par-
ticles less than a nominal 10 micrometers (thoracic
particles or PM(10)); (2) that the levels of both 24-hour
and annual standards be revised; (3) that the statistical
form of the standard should be changed; (4) consider-
ation of a fine particle (less than 2.5 micrometers) sec-
ondary standard recognizing the advantages of com-
bining any action with later decisions on acid deposi-
tion programs; and (5) consideration of secondary
standards related to soiling and nuisance.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Standards, Reviews, Assess-
ments, Aerosols, Sulfur oxides,
Concenfration(Composition), Air pollution, 'Air quality.
PB82-178476 PC A05/MF A01
California State Solid Waste Management Board, Sac-
ramento.
United Packing: Alcohol Feasibility Study. Final
rept.
Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, CA.
Oct81,83p
Sponsored in part by California State Solid Waste
Management Board, Sacramento.
The disposal of cull fruit coming from packing sheds is
a large but seasonal solid waste management problem
in the Central Valley. Present disposal practices in-
elude landfilling, land spreading, and use as animal
feed. Typically, these methods represent an economic
liability to the packers in addition to being a waste of
potential resources. Cull fruit contains significant
amounts of sugar which can be converted into ethanol
using current technology. The ethanol has several
uses, one of which is a fuel to provide on-site energy
for plant processing needs. This report was intended
to evaluate the potential for ethanol production from
cull fruit at United Packing's Sanger plant. However,
ethanol production is only one part in an overall energy
management plan for the plant. Cogeneration and
other power production options utilizing ethanol, to
provide both total and partial energy independence
from utilities are also examined. Information from the
alcohol production evaluation, energy survey, biomass
profile, and power production analysis is integrated in
the final chapter, and an overall energy management
plan is defined.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fruits, 'Ethyl alco-
hol, Biomass, Sugars, Fruit crops. Cost analysis, Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Utilization, Substitutes,
'Alcohol fuels, 'Waste recycling, Energy manage-
ment, Energy use, Energy conservation.
PB82-178500 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Support Document/Voluntary Environmental
Impact Statement for Polychlorlnated Blphenyls
(PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution In
Commerce, and Use Ban Regulation: Economic
Impact Analysis. Final rept,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Robert Westin, and Bruce Woodcock. 30 Mar 79,315p
EPA/560/3-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4771
This report summarizes the estimated economic im-
pacts of PCB Ban Regulations which implement the re-
quirements of Sections 6(e)(2) and 6(e)(3) of the Toxic
Substances Control Act.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Regulations, Chlorine organic compounds, Economic
impact, Manufacturing, Sources, Exposure, 'Polychlo-
rinated biphenyls, Toxic substances control act.
PB82-178518 PC A08/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Pro-
posed Issuance of a New Source National Pollut-
ant Discharge Elimination System Permit to Mis-
sissippi Chemical Corporation Phosphate Mine,
Hardee County, Florida. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jan 82,170p EPA-904/9-81-090
See also PB82-103797. Prepared in cooperation with
Army Engineer District, Jacksonville, FL
Mississippi Chemical Corporation has proposed to op-
erate an open pit phosphate mine and benefitiation
plant and rock dryer on 14850 acres in west central
Hardee County, Florida. Mining and processing will
produce 3 million tons of phosphate rock per year for
32 years. The EIS examines project alternatives, im-
pacts, and mitigative measures related to air, ground-
water.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Beneficiation, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology,
Ground water, Substitutes, Comparison, Florida, 'Mis-
sissippi Chemical Corporation, 'Phosphate rock slime,
Hardee County(Florida).
PB82-178534 PC A05/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the 'Pass Master Vehicle Air
Conditioner Cut-Off Device. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
December 1983 1253
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thomas J. Penninga. Aug 80,96p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -
80-5
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Pass Master Vehicle Air Conditioner
Compressor Cut-Off Device' under the provisions of
SectonSH of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act The Pass Master device disengages the
air conditioning compressor during hard vehicle accel-
eration modes. The reduced engine loading will result
in some fuel savings.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, 'Automobiles, 'Control
equipment. Air conditioners, Evaluation, 'Fuel econo-
my.
PB82-178559 PC A03
Methanol as an Alternative Transportation Fuel
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Richard Rykowski, Dwight Atkinson, Daniel Heiser,
John McGucWn, and David Fletcher. Oct 81,26p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Over the remaining years of this century synthetic fuels
will play a key role in the nation's drive for energy inde-
pendence. Although self-reliance is indeed a desirable
goal, many people believe it cannot be achieved with-
out significant compromises in environmental quality.
This may not be the case. One synfuel, methanof,
could be used to replace both gasoline and dtesel fuel
and yield environmental benefits. This paper com-
pares methanol with synthetic fuels from other coal liq-
uefaction processes in terms of the environmental and
economic consequences of their use.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, Substitutes, Fuels, Pollu-
tion, Economic analysis, Coal liquefaction, Alcohol
fuels.
roe2-178963 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Computerized Shawnee Ume/Llmestone Snub-
bing Model Users Manual,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Al_ Dhr. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
W. L Anders, and R. l_ Torstrick. Mar 81,183p TVA/
OP/EDT-81 /15, EPA-600/8-81-008
See also PB80-123037.
The manual gives a general description of a computer-
ized model for estimating design and cost of lime or
limestone scrubber systems for flue gas desutfuriza-
tion (FGD). It supplements P880-123037 by extendmg
the number of scrubber options which can be evaluat-
ed. It includes spray tower and venturi/spray-tower ab-
sorbers, forced oxidation systems, systems with ab-
sorber loop additives (MgO or adipic acid), revised
design and economic premises, and other changes re-
flecting process improvements and variations. It de-
scribes aH inputs and outputs, along with detailed pro-
cedures for using the model and an its options. The
model is based on prototype scrubber data from me
EPA/Shawnee test facffity and should be useful to ut*-
ty companies, as wed as to architectural and engineer-
ing contractors who are involved in selecting and de-
signing FGD facitrties. As key features, the model pro-
vides estimates of capital investment and operating
revenue requirements. It also provides a material bah
ance, equipment Kst and a breakdown of costs by
processing areas. The primary uses of the model are
to project comparative economics of time and Bme-
stone FGD processes and to evaluate system alterna-
tives prior to the development of a detailed design.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Mathematical models, 'Manuals, Calcium
oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Design, Economics, Process charting, Cost analysis,
'Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desuffurization.
PB82-178177 PCA03/MFA01
Personal Property Accounting System.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Apr 79,46p' FSWEC-79/0073-1
For system on magnetic tape, see PB82-179165.
The Personal Property Accounting System provides
EPA's property accountable areas with standard meth-
ods of submitting property accounting transactions via
batch or tele-typewriter terminals to a central system.
It also furnishes a more efficient means of updating the
master file, thus enhancing the quality and timeliness
of the reporting cycle. This document describes the
system and gives a background for systems mainte-
nance. It also provides instructions for operating the
system. Management, audit and other personnel are
provided reference documentation to insure compli-
ance with Sec. 202, the Federal Property and Adminis-
trative Services Act of 1949.
Keywords: 'Accounting, Records management, Na-
tional government Computer programming, 'Personal
property.
PB82-179417 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Save-A-UHe Device Under
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C-Shelton. Oct81,49p EPA-AA-TEB-511-82-2
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Save-A-MHe' device under provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act The 'Save-A-Mite' consists of a
piece of copper doth and a flat piece of insulating ma-
terial which is placed between the carburetor and
intake manifold of a gasoline engine. The stated pur-
pose is to increase the efficiency of the engine and de-
crease the amount of pollutants generated. Although
the limited amount of test data submitted by applicant
did suggest some improvement over an unmodified in-
duction system, the results were not obtained in ac-
cordance with EPA requirements and the data did not
adequately quantify the amount of any improvement
In general, EPA has found that devices of this type are
not effective in reducing emissions or improving fuel
economy.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption. Carburetors, Accessories, Wire doth. In-
sulation, Performance evaluation, Save a Mile devices.
PB82-179755 PC A05/MF A01
Indirect Liquefaction Processes. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
John McGuckin. Feb 82,79p* EPA-AA-SDSB-82-5
This report examines the technology feasibility of the
various coal gasification and indirect liquefaction tech-
nologies. Also included is the best-estimate costs for
methanol and gasotne using the various technologies
with three dffierent coal/feedstocks by critically ana-
lyzing puoSdy available design studies and placing
them on a common technical/financial basis. The fol-
lowing cxxxrfuskxi is that methanol from coal is cheap-
er than gasoline via erther the Mobile MTG process or
the Fisher/Tropsch process.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, Technology, Methyl al-
cohol, Feastoifity, Cost analysis. Comparison,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Gasoline, Capitalized costs,
•Coal liquefaction.
PBC2-1M134 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Assessment of Hie AppflcabOty of Existing Hearth
and Welfare Criteria to General Aviation Aircraft
Notoe and to General Aviation Airport Communi-
Sdence Applications, Inc.. McLean, VA.
Larry A, Ronk, Mar 80,174p SAI-1-442-02-213-00,
EPA-550/9-82-102
Contract EPA-68-01-4964
Existing metrics of environmental noise and its impact
on people are reviewed for their suitability in assessing
the impact of general aviation (GA) noise on people in
airport communities. GA aircraft consist of noncom-
mercial aircraft in propeflor-driven, jet, and helicopter
categories. In a recent year over 124 million GA oper-
ations were performed at approximately 6.000 public-
use airports. Avateole criteria (dose response relation-
ships) are dtecussed in detail for various health effects
of noise, focussing on indMdual and community an-
noyance responses, but also JncHxSng noise-induced
hearing toes, communication interference, steep dfe-
turbance, and nonaudrtory physiological effects.
Keywords: 'Stress(Psychology), "Noise(Sound), Air-
craft noise, Sleep deprivation, Auditory defects, Public
health, Helicopters, Jet aircraft.
PB82-180472 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
International Study of 'Artemia' Vlll. Comparison
of the Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Heavy
Metals In Five Different Strains of Newly Hatched
'Artemia' and a Laboratory-Reared Marine Fish.
Book chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept of Food Science
and Technology.
Charles E. Olrtey, Paul S. Schauer, Scott McLean, You
Lu, and Kenneth L Simpson. 1980,12p EPA-600/D-
82-219..ERLN-X18
GrantEPA-R-803818
Pub. in The Brine Shrimp 'Artemia'. 1980. Volume 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture (Universa
Press, Wetteren, Belgium), p343-352.
Newly hatched nauplii of Artemia from Brazil, Australia,
Italy, and the United States (Utah and San Pablo Bay,
California) were analyzed for chlorinated hydrocar-
bons. The Brazil and Australia nauplii contained very
low levels of PCB and chlorinated insecticides. Italian
nauplii contained the highest levels of HCB, BHCs and
DDTs, while San Pablo nauplii were highest in chtor-
danes, dieldrin and PCBs. With the exception of 188
ppb pp-DOT in Italy nauplii, none of the residues ex-
ceeded 100 ppb on a wet weight basis. Attempts to
correlate nauplii residue levels with the survival of lab-
oratory-feared marine fish and crabs disclose no obvi-
ous components) which could totally account for the
poorer performance of the Utah and San Pablo strains.
Twelve metals, induding copper, lead, and cadmium,
were measured by atomic absorption and neutron acti-
vation analysis.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, Metals, 'Marine fishes,
'Shellfish, 'Water pollution, Crabs, Shrimps, Chtorohy-
drocarbons, DDT, Chlorine organic compounds, Crttor-
dan, Biphenyls, Survival, Flatfishes, Bioassay, Correla-
tion, ConcentratiocXComposffion), Tables(Data), Re-
prints, Polychtorinated biphenyls, Pesticide residues.
PB82-180480 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Model Protocol for the Comprehensive Evaluation
of Publicly Owned Treatment Works Performance
and Operation,
Gannett Fleming, Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harris-
burg, PA.
Hugh D. Roberts, Albert C. Gray, Jr., and Paul E. Paul.
Mar 82,123p* EPA-600/2-82-015
Contract EPA-68-03-2571
This manual presents a systematic approach to con-
ducting a comprehensive performance evaluation of
municipal wastewater treatment plants. The objective
of the evaluation is to identify and rank the causes of
poor plant performance. Five major problem areas are
addressed. They are design, performance monitoring,
operation, maintenance, and administration. By follow-
ing this protocol an evaluation team will be able to
identify deficiencies in each of the five categories,
weight them with respect to adverse impact on plant
performance, and rank them in order of severity of
impact The manual also addresses the preparatory
steps to be completed before the actual plant visit and
includes a section covering the preparation of the eval-
uation report All required data and work sheets are in-
cluded in the appendixes of the manual. The evalua-
tion protocol has been prepared as a user oriented
field document that provides specific guidance for con-
ducting comprehensive plant evaluations and identify-
ing problems and solutions in order to improve plant
performance.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Manuals, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design, Ranking.
PB82-180498 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,352p' EPA-600/6-82-002
This report was prepared at the request of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency by the Committee on Alde-
hydes, which was appointed by the National Research
1254 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Council in the Board of Toxicology and Environmental
Health Hazards, Assembly of Life Sciences. The Clean
Air Act requires that from time to time the Administra-
tor of EPA evaluate the need for air-quality criteria on
pollutants that may have adverse effects on man or
the environment. This report is to be used by EPA in
assessing the need for such criteria on some of the al-
dehydes. It is intended to identify and characterize the
more important aldehydes that pollute the environ-
ment, the sources of their emission, their concentra-
tions, their transformation and transport, their effects
on the health of animals and humans, and their effects
on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. It is not in-
tended to recommend concentrations of polluting al-
dehydes for use in developing regulations, but rather
to evaluate the available data for EPA to use in judging
the need for regulatory strategies to control aldehyde
pollution. It is hoped that wide dissemination of this
report will inform physicians and other health profes-
sionals about the health effects of aldhydes and how
they may be encountered at hazardous concentrations
in the environment.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, "Aldehydes, 'Environ-
mental surveys, 'Air pollution, Assessments, Environ-
mental impacts, Manufacturing, Chemical properties.
Physical properties, Concentration(Composition),
Vegetation, Regulations, Public health, Toxicology,
Sources, Transport properties, Animals, Toxic sub-
stances, Indoor air pollution.
PB82-180563 PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Indoor Pollutants.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,555p* EPA-600/6-82-001
This report is intended to characterize the quality of
the indoor environment-primarily with respect to air-
borne pollutants, although others are discussed--and
to determine the potential adverse health effects of
indoor pollutants. The charge was to review, compile,
and appraise the available knowledge. The Committee
has also identified the research needed for abatement
of indoor pollution. 'Indoor1 refers to the environments
in homes, schools, public buildings, and similar spaces
to which the public has access; industrial working envi-
ronments, however, are excluded from consideration
here.
t • -.-A-.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Public health,
Houses, Schools, Public buildings, Formaldehyde,
Radon, Asbestos, Microorganisms, Moisture, Monitor-
ing, Humans, Air pollution control, Standards, Air pollu-
tion control equipment 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air qual-
ity, Tobacco smoke.
PB82-180S97 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Irrigating with Municipal Effluent A Socloeconom-
Ic Study of Community Experiences. Final rept.,
Economic Research Service, Broomall, PA.
Lee A. Christensen. Fob 82,57p* ERS-672, EPA-600/
2-82-009
This report presents institutional and economic infor-
mation and insights related to the development and
operation of systems where municipal wastewater is
applied to land for treatment. Site visits provided infor-
mation on the history of the respective systems, espe-
cially how land treatment came into use. Land for
wastewater treatment can be acquired and managed
by a community in several ways-directly or leased to
another party; thai contractual arrangements with indi-
vidual landowners, or with a group, as in the case of a
wastewater cooperative; or fee simple acquisition
might be expected to be used more frequently by
smaller communities and contracts and leases by
larger communities. While concepts and guidelines
provide general assistance, the particular mix of tech-
nical, economic, legal, regulatory, social, and political
factors at each site had the most influence on methods
used.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Irrigation, 'Agricultur-
al economics. Leasing, Management, Land acquisi-
tion, Contracts, History, Purchasing, Regulations,
Social effect, Communities, 'Land application, Coop-
eratives, Ownership.
PB82-180738 PC A20/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard: S-Methyl N-
(Methylcarbamoyl)Oxy-Thioacetimldate (Metho-
myl).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 81,475p EPA-540/RS-81-001
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Nitrogen organic
compounds, Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry,
Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, *Methomyl, Thioaceti-
midic acid/methyl-N-((methyTcart>amoyl)-oxy), Path of
pollutants.
PB62-181082 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Spreading Lagooned Sewage Sludge on Farm-
land: A Case History,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
C. Michael Robson, and Lee E. Sommers. Mar 82,
116p EPA-600/2-82-019
Contract EPA-C-2575NASX
This project demonstrated that land application is fea-
sible and practical for a metropolitan treatment plant
for disposal of a large volume (265,000 cu m) of stabi-
lized, liquid sewage sludge stored in lagoons. The
project involved transportation of sludge by semi-trail-
er tankers and either surface or subsurface application
with conventional equipment to cropland. All sludge
was applied on privately-owned land in an adjacent,
rural county through a cooperative agreement be-
tween the farmer and contractor. The report illustrates
that the planning and conduct of a land application
project requires expertise from a diversity of technical
and sociological disciplines.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Farms, Feasibility,
Cargo transportation, Tank trucks, Lagoons(Ponds),
Regulations, Metals, CkjncentrationfComposition),
Cadmium, Monitoring, Farm crops, Environmental im-
pacts, Materials handling, Indiana, 'Land application.
PB82-181629 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Pretreatment Resource Reader A Compendium
of Experience and Practical Knowledge for the
Establishment of Local Programs. Final rept.
Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies,
Washington, DC.
Feb82,277p*
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Portions of this document
are not fully legible.
Pretreatment programs are designed to control the in-
troduction and quality of industrial wastewater. The
Pretreatment Reader is an edited compendium of
useful discussion papers written by and for the techni-
cal and management staffs of publicly owned water
pollution control authorities. The Resource Reader is
concerned with the organizational, financial, legal, and
technical aspects of locally established pretreatment
programs. Chapters are devoted to experiences in
conducting effective industrial waste surveys, securing
legal authorities, setting local effluent standards,
design of monitoring systems, sludge disposal as-
pects, and other topics. The Resource Reader is the
outgrowth of a two year effort conducted by the Asso-
ciation of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies and sup-
ported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Regional seminars and a national sympo-
sium were held to enable local agencies better under-
stand the importance of pretreatment and the difficul-
ties associated with it. It should be a valuable tool for
agencies in the process of either developing or imple-
menting a local pretreatment program.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Sewage treatment, Surveys, Regulations,
State government, Standards, Assessments, Law en-
forcement. Monitoring, Sludge disposal. 'Water qual-
ity, *Pretreatment(Wastes).
PB82-181785 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
International Study of 'Artemla' IX. Llpld Level,
Energy Content and Fatty Acid Composition of
the Cysts and Newly Hatched Nauplll from Five
Geographical Strains of 'Artemla'. Book chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
Paul S. Schauer, D. Michael Johns, Charles E. Olney,
and Kenneth L. Simpson. 1980,11 p EPA-600/D-82-
223,, ERLN-B265
Pub. in The Brine Shrimp 'Artemia'. 1980. Volume 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture (Universa
Press, Wetteren, Belgium), p365-373.
Artemia cysts and newly hatched nauplii from Austra-
lia, Brazil, Italy and the United States (California and
Utah) were analyzed for their total lipid level, total fatty
acid level and composition, and their energy content in
an effort to evaluate their lipid nutritional value as diets
of marine organisms. Results are compared to biologi-
cal data from a nutritional evaluation of these five Arte-
mia strains on various marine organisms. The total
lipid, fatty acid methyl ester and energy levels of all
strains appeared to be adequate to promote good
growth and survival of the marine organisms.
Keywords: 'Diets, 'Marine fishes, Shrimps, Fatty
acids, LJpids, Food composition, Nutritive value,
Growth, Survival, Cysts, Reprints, 'Artemia.
PB82-181793 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Several Physiological Monitoring
Techniques as Applied to the Blue Mussel, 'Myti-
lus edulls* Along a Gradient of Pollutant Stress in
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Book chapter,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Donald K. Phelps, Walter Galloway, Frederick P.
Thurberg, Edith Gould, and Margaret A. Dawson. Mar
82,13pEPA-600/D-82-222, ERIN-B190
Pub. in Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants
(Academic Press), p335-355 1981. Prepared in coop-
eration with National Marine Fisheries Service, Milford,
CT. Milford Lab.
Sublethal pollutant stress in mussels was clearly de-
tected in a field-monitoring situation and provides an
evaluation of several criteria of physiological re-
sponse. This study presents the necessary coupling of
tissue residue analyses to biological effects, a blend-
ing of chemistry and biology that is a powerful tool for
field monitoring.
Keywords: 'Animal physiology, 'Mussels, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Narragansett Bay, Monitoring, Comparison,
Stress(Phystology), Growth, Abundance, Hydrocar-
bons, Animal ecology, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Mytilus
edulis.
PB82-181801 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
International Study on 'Artemia' XI. Amlno Acid
Composition and Etectrophoretlc Protein Patterns
of 'Artemia' from Five Geographical Locations.
Book chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
Cynthia R. Seidel, Judith Kryznowek, and Kenneth L.
Simpson. 1980,10p EPA-600/D-82-220,, ERLN-X17
Pub. in The Brine Shrimp 'Artemia'. 1980. Volume 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture (Universa
Press, Wetteren, Belgium), p375-382. Prepared in co-
operation with National Marine Fisheries Service,
Gloucester, MA.
The cysts of five geographical strains of Artemia were
hatched and the newly hatched nauplii were acid hy-
drolyzed and analyzed for their amino acid content.
Strains from Australia, Brazil, Italy, and Utah were simi-
lar in amino acid content, whereas the San Pablo Bay,
California strain exhibited several values different from
the other four strains. Essential amino acid levels for
all five strains of Artemia were considered adequate in
terms of the dietary requirement levels for Chinook
salmon and levels that appear to be adequate for At-
lantic sitversides.
Keywords: 'Diets, 'Salmon, 'Marine fishes, Shrimps,
Amino acids, Nutritive value, Proteins, Environmental
impacts, Correlation, San Pablo Bay, Chemical analy-
sis, Utah, Australia, Reprints, 'Artemia.
December 1983 1255
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-181819 PC A02/MF A01
IndustriaJ Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continuous Monitoring for Sulfur Dioxide at a Util-
tty Boiler Equipped with a Limestone Scrubber.
Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. F. Peduto, R. B. Strong, and W. B. Kuytendal. Feb
81, 8p EPA-600/13-81 -535,, IERL-RTP-P-354
Contract EPA-68-02-2156
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n2p192-196Feb81.
The paper gives results of a 30-day SO2 monitoring
program conducted at a utility boiler equipped with a
limestone scrubber. Program objectives were: to dem-
onstrate the reliable use of continuous monitoring
equipment for determining scrubber performance, and
to support the proposed revised New Source Perform-
ance Standards (NSPS) published in the September
19, 1978, Federal Register. Generally, continuous
monitoring equipment is reliable as a source surveil-
lance method. Results of the data collected indicate
that the test site monitored is capable of performing
under the guidelines of the proposed revised NSPS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Scrubbers, Monitoring, Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Standards, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Limestone scrubbing,
New source performance standards.
PB82-181827 PC A02/MF A01
The Persistence and Disappearance by Washoff
and Dryfad of MethoxycMor from Soybean Foli-
age - A Preliminary Study. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith. W. R. Payne, Jr., L A. Mulkey, J. E.
Benrter, and R. S. Panrish. 1981,20p EPA-600/J-81 -
536
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health
B16{6),p777-7941981.
The persistence and disappearance (washoff or dry-
fall) of methoxychlor from mature soybean (Giycine
max) foliage was investigated in a small field plot study
under natural rainfall conditions in 1977 and 1978.
Residue analyses were conducted using whole plant
samples. Metnoxychlor washoff rate was 8 + or - 4%
of the amount on plants (prior to rain) per centimeter of
rainfall, regardless of time after application. Total sea-
sonal washoff for 1978 accounted for 33.5% of the ap-
plied pesticide; however, 30.5% of the total loss was
removed by washoff on the second day after applica-
tion. Such algorithms are necessary for estimating
runoff losses of insecticides to water bodies.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Runoff, 'Soybean plants,
•Water pollution, Concentrationlogy), Animal migrations, Abun-
dance, Protozoa, Food chains, Biomass, Reprints,
Species diversity.
PB82-181868 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett Rl.
Response of Benthic Communities in MERL Ex-
perimental Ecosystems to Low Level, Chronic Ad-
ditions of No. 2 Fuel Oil. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
J. F, Grasste, R. Elmgren, and J. P. Grassle. 13 Apr 80,
21 p EPA-600/J-80-389,, ERLN-X32
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v4 p279-297
1980.
The macrofauna and meiofauna of three oiled and
three control experimental ecosystems at the Marine
Ecosystems Research Laboratory were followed for
25 weeks of semi-continuous additions of an oil-water
dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil. Water column hydrocarbon
levels were maintained. This simulated chronic oil pol-
lution resulted in a highly significant decline in the
number of macrof aural and metofaunal individuals in
the experimental tanks compared with the controls.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Ecology, 'Oil pollution,
Aquatic animals. Hydrocarbons, Dispersing, Fuel oil.
Sediments, Simulation, Losses, Foramimfera, Compar-
ison, Laboratories, Narragansett Bay, Reprints, Eco-
systems.
PB82-181876 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
An Exploratory Analysis of Microcosm and Eco-
system Behavior Using Multlvariate Techniques.
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
C. A. Oviatt, H. Walker, and M. E. Q. Pilson. 7 Feb 80,
15p EPA-600/J-80-386,, ERLN-X20
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Marine Ecology - Progress Series, v2 p179-191
1980.
A conservative data set was chosen to describe eco-
system behavior; total zooplankton, chlorophyll a, am-
monia, nitrite, plus nitrate, phosphate and silicate.
These variables were measured weekly in the micro-
cosms, as well as in a field survey of Narragansett Bay
in 1972-73; thus a comparison data set was available.
Two types of statistical techniques were used to ex-
plore the question of divergence among replicate mi-
crocosms and treatment groups (including the bay sta-
tions as treatment groups): Multiple Discriminant Anal-
ysis and Distance Statistics. The first was used to ex-
plore the major axes of variation between replicate
tanks and bay stations. Distance statistics were used
to describe the divergence of replicate tanks and treat-
ment groups as a function of time.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
'Narragansett Bay, Monitoring, Field tests, Nutrients,
Chlorophylls, Differences, Laboratories, Comparison,
Discriminate analysis, Divergence, Hydrocarbons,
Metals, Reprints, 'Microcosms.
PBB2-181884 PC A02/MF A01
International Study on 'Artemla' VI. Nutritional
Value of Geographical and Temporal Strains of
'Artemla': Effects on Survival and Growth of Two
Species of Brachyuran Larvae. Book chapter,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. Michael Johns, Mark E. Peters, and Allan D. Beck.
1980,16p EPA-600/ D-82-221, ERLN-B262
Pub. in The Brine Shrimp 'Artemia'. 1980. Volume 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture (Universa
Press, Wetteren, Belgium), p291-304.
Five geographical strains of Artemia were compared
for their effects on the survival and growth of Rriithro-
panopeus harrisii and Cancer irroratus larvae. High
survival during larval development was provided by Ar-
temia strains from Brazil, Italy, and Shark Bay-Austra-
lia. The San Pablo Bay, California-USA, and Great Salt
Lake, Utah-USA strains did not support survival
beyond megalopa despite good survival in earlier de-
velopment stages. During early development larvae
feeding on San Pablo or Utah strains exhibited either
slower development rates.
Keywords: 'Diets, 'Shellfish, 'Nutritive value,
Shrimps, Crabs, Growth, Larvae, Brazil, Italy, Australia,
Correlation, San Pablo Bay, Evaluation, Utah, Re-
prints, 'Artemia.
PB82-181892 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Processes Affecting the Fate of Oil In the Sea,
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Richard F. Lee. 1960,15p EPA-600/J-80-385,, ERLN-
X27
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Marine Environmental Pollution, 1. Hydrocar-
bons, p337-351 1980.
Using research results reported from oil spills, labora-
tory experiments and microcosm studies, this review
outlines the many processes controlling the behavior
of petroleum in marine waters. The fate of oil spilled at
sea depends on the composition of the oil, and on
such external factors as light and temperature. The
extent of degradation depends on the type of coastal
areas in which the spill occurs. In open, exposed
areas, with good circulation of water, most oils are
quickly degraded (Rashid, 1974). In protected shallow
areas with poor-circulation spilled oil is incorporated
into the fine sediment and much remains unaltered for
many years (Blumer and Sass, 1972). Photochemical
oxidation, dissolution, emulsification, adsorption to
particles, biodegradation and uptake by zooplankton
interact to affect the fate of oil slicks and oil in the
water. Sedimentation deposits oil on the bottom where
1256 Vot. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
it can be resuspended into the water, penetrate deeper
into the sediment or be degraded. The sediment com-
munity of microbes, meiofauna and macrofauna is re-
sponsible for the degradation of sediment oil.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Petroleum products, Sea,
Sediments, Photochemistry, Oxidation, Emulsification,
Adsorption, Degradation, Reprints, *Path of pollutants,
•Oil spills.
PB82-181900 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Marine Microcosms In Ecological Research. Book
chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Michael E.Q. Pilson, and Scott W. Nixon. 1980,20p
EPA-600/D-82-219,. ERLN-X19
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Microcosms in Ecological Research, Symposi-
um Series 52 (CONF-781101), p724-741 1980.
The use of microcosms in marine research is a recent
development beginning in earnest in the early 1960s.
A major recent trend is the use of microcosms as living
models of specific natural ecosystems or types of sys-
tems, in contrast to earlier research that tended to use
microcosms as small-scale environments. Micro-
cosms have always been used in research dealing with
species succession, predator-prey interactions, etc.,
and much recent work has emphasized their use to ex-
plore the biogeocnemical cycling of various materials,
especially pollutants, and the effects of these materi-
als on the biology and chemistry of marine ecosys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Ecology. 'Marine biology, 'Water pollu-
tion. Trends, Models, Ecological succession, Turbu-
lence, Experimental design, Size determination,
LJghtfvlsible radiation), Sediments, Replicating, Nutri-
ents, Animal behavior, Scale(Ratio), Reprints, 'Micro-
cosms, Predation.
PB82-181918 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Use of MERL Microcosms to Study the Fates and
Effects of Marine Pollutants. Book chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Michael fc. Q. Pilson, Gabriel Vargo, Carton Hunt
Juanita Gearing, and Patrick Gearing. 1979,25p EPA-
600/D-82-213,, ERLN-X25
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in International Council for the Exploration of the
Sea, p1-23 1979.
Informed regulation of the discharge of chemical pol-
lutants into the oceans requires knowledge of the fates
and effects of such substances in the regions of con-
cern. In order to provide a capability for realistic con-
trolled experiments, microcosms of a plankton-based
coastal marine ecosystem with a benthic component
have been set up in 12 tanks outdoors, each with a 5-
m deep water column, 13 tons of water and one ton of
sediment The tanks are mixed to achieve proper tur-
bulence, and illuminated with natural sunlight. The be-
havior of these systems was compared to that of adja-
cent Narragansett Bay, the source of water and sedi-
ments. Experiments have been carried out with hydro-
carbons, various tracers, and the scaling of physical
parameters. Results from operations through two
annual cycles demonstrate that in both chemical and
biological composition and chemical and biological
processes and annual cycling the systems behaved in
ways remarkably similar to comparable regions in Nar-
ragansett Bay. Concentrations and fluxes of nutrients
and trace metals followed closely those of adjacent
Narragansett Bay. Phytoplankton, zooplankton and
benthic animals were similar to the Bay in species
composition. Biomass estimates were low but general-
ly within bay ranges. The similarity in chemical cycles
between microcosms and the coastal ecosystem sug-
gests that many pollutant substances should behave
in the microcosms as they do in the field. Examples of
some experiments with hydrocarbons and trace
metals are presented.
Keywords: 'Marine atmospheres, 'Oceans, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Narragansett Bay, Benthos, Hydrocarbons,
Metals, Ecosystems, Chemical compounds, Phyto-
plankton, Zooplankton, Exposure, Water pollution,
•Micrososms, 'Water pollution efects(Anirnals), Path
of pollutants, Trace techniques, Toxic substances.
PB82-181926 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
An Electrostatic Precipitator Backup Filter for
Sampling Systems. Journal article,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL
P. Vann Bush, David H. Hussey, Duane H. Pontius,
Wallace B. Smith, and D. Bruce Harris. 8 Dec 80,8p
EPA-600/J-81-528
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v15 n9 p1675-1680
1981.
An alternative technique for filtering the aerosol efflu-
ent from particle sampling systems has been devel-
oped. A two-stage electrostatic precipitation system
was designed to collect with high efficiency the panic-
ulate material in a gas stream. The principal advantage
of an electrostatic precipitator over conventional glass
fiber backup filters is the ability to sample for long
times without encountering filter pluggage or an exces-
sive pressure differential across the system. Tests of a
prototype electrostatic precipitator backup indicate
collection efficiency for submicrometer diameter parti-
cles of 97 to greater than 99%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Electro-
static precipitators, Aerosols, Sampling, Substitutes,
Performance evaluation. Particles, Fines, Design, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution sampling, Numerical solution.
PB82-181934 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Susceptibility of Tree and Shrub Species and Re-
sponse of Black Cherry Foliage to Ozone. Journal
article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
D. D. Davis, D. M. Umbach, and J. B. Coppolino. 2 Feb
81,6pEPA-600/J-81-538
Grant EPA-R-800865
Pub. in Plant Disease, v65 n11 p904-9071981.
Plants of 12 species were exposed to 0,20 ppm of
ozone for 5 hr periodically throughout the growing
season of 1976. Species exhibiting symptoms, in ap-
proximate descending order of susceptibility, were Hin-
odegiri azalea, black cherry, American sycamore,
hybrid poplar, yellow poplar, black walnut, Delaware
Valley White azalea, black elder, and spreading coto-
neaster. Species failing to show symptoms were Aus-
trian pine, eastern white pine, and Virginia pine. The
Larsen-Heck dose response equation was used to
model the effects of different concentrations and times
of exposure.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Trees(Plants), 'Shrubs,
'Tolerances(Physiology), Ornamental trees, Forest
trees, Exposure, Dosage, Plant tissues(Bkjlogy),
Damage, Standards, Reprints.
PB82-181942 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) on Water
Stress In Bean Plants. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. E. Starkey, D. D. Davis, E. J. Pell, and W. Merrill. 30
Jan 81, 4p EPA-600/J-81 -539
Grants EPA-R-800856, EPA-T-900011
Pub. in HortScience, v16 n4 p547-548.
Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 395
micrograms/cu m (0.08 ppm) peroxyacetyl nitrate
(PAN) for 0.5 hr and subjected to drought stress fol-
lowing exposure. PAN influenced the plant water po-
tential of PAN-sensitive 'Provider' resulting in visible
witting and reduced soil moisture content There was
no effect of PAN on the water relations of the PAN-tol-
erant 'Stringless Black Valentine'.
Keywords: *Tolerances(Physiology), 'Bean plants,
'Air pollution, Exposure, Plant physiology, Dosage,
Transpiration, Droughts, Photochemical reactions, Ox-
idizers, Reprints, 'Ptiaseolus vulgaris, Peroxyacetyl ni-
trate.
PB8M81959 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Trophic Interactions In Experimental Marine Eco-
systems Perturbed by Oil. Book chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
R. Elmgren, G. A. Vargo, J. F. Grasste, J. P. Grassle,
and D. R. Heinle. 1980,24p EPA-600/D-82-214,,
ERLN-X35
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Microcosms in Ecological Research, Symposi-
um Series 52 (CONF-781101), p779-800 1980.
Chronic, low-level additions of No. 2 fuel oil were made
to three of nine experimental tanks (mean concentra-
tion, 180 ppb; range, approximately 60 to 350 ppb) at
the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory. Labora-
tory experiments indicated that the dominant phyto-
plankton species were relatively insensitive to oil at
these concentrations but the phytoplankton popula-
tions in the ecosystems receiving oil showed a marked
increase in biomass and radically different species
composition.
Keywords: * Phytoplankton, 'Ecology, 'Oil pollution,
Fuel oil, Sensitivity, Growth, Biomass, Comparison,
Tanks(Containers), Nutrients, Laboratories, Reprints,
Ecosystems.
PB82-181967 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Turbulent Mixing in Aquatic Microcosms. Book
chapter,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
S. W. Nixon, D. Alonso, M. E. Q. Pilson, and B. A.
Buckley. 1980,34p EPA-600/D-82-215,, ERLN-X23
Grant EPA-R-807795
Pub. in Microcosms in Ecological Research, Symposi-
um Series 52 (CONF-781101), p818-8491980.
On the basis of theoretical considerations and a small
body of available empirical evidence, the rate of dissi-
pation of turbulent mixing energy appears to influence
the behavior and physiology of plankton in marine and
freshwater ecosystems. In the relatively large micro-
cosms at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laborato-
ry at the University of Rhode Island, a mechanical
mixing device was included in an attempt to provide a
turbulence regime that is appropriate for plankton from
Narragansett Bay, a shallow (9-m), well-mixed estuary.
The characteristics of water mixing and turbulent
energy dissipation in the microcosms are described
and compared with the bay by use of a number of
measures. The rate of vertical water mixing appears to
be considerably more rapid in the tanks than in Narra-
gansett Bay, but the horizontal turbulent field appears
to be less than that generally found in near-shore
marine waters.
Keywords: 'Turbulent diffusion, 'Plankton, 'Ecology,
'Narragansett Bay, Marine biology, Dyes, Mixing,
Animal behavior, Comparison, Fresh water,
Tanks(Containers), Dissipation, Air water interactions,
Reprints, 'Ecosystems, Microcosms, Tracer studies.
PB82-181975 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Alum to Midge
Larva (Dlptera: Chlronomldae). Journal article,
Kennedy (Michael) Consulting Engineers, Spokane,
WA.
David S. Lamb, and Gary C. Bailey. 9 May 81,11 p
EPA-600/J-81-540
Grant EPA-R-805604
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 27, p59-67 1981. Prepared in cooperation
with Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept of Civil
and Environmental Engineering.
The use of aluminum sulfate (alum) to precipitate
phosphorus in highly eutrophic lakes is increasing. As
use increases, the need to study the effects of alum on
the biota increases. Possible adverse effects of alum
on lake organisms may be due to chemical toxicity
from dissolved aluminufn compounds or to physical In-
hibition of movement, feeding, or reproduction from
the precipitated aluminum hydroxide floe. Lethal and
sublethal effects of alum on a wide range of fish and
aquatic invertebrates described in the literature are re-
viewed. There is a lack of information as to the effects
of alum on benthic insects. The objective of the study
is to determine the acute and chronic effects of alum
to Tanytarsus dissimilis. T. dissimilis is a representa-
tive of the Chironomidae, the family of organisms
which occupies a significant portion of the benthic in-
vertebrate community of lakes and which are impor-
tant fish food organisms.
Keywords: 'Diptera, 'Aluminum sulfate, 'Toxicology,
Sulfates, Larvae, Alums, Water pollution, Lakes,
Reproduction(Biology), Fresh water biology, Reprints,
December 1983 1257
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Tanytarsus dissimi-
lis, Toxic substances, Chironomidae.
PB82-182098 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: Toward a
Better Understanding of the Ecological Conse-
quences of Fossil Fuel Combustion. Final rept 15
Sep 78-31 Aug81.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1961,280p ISBN-0-309-03196-6
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Forest Service, Washing-
ton, DC., Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.,
and National Park Service, Washington, DC. Library of
Congress catalog card no. 81-84469.
The Committee focused its attention on the following
pollutants: sulfur and nitrogen compounds, trace
metals, and organic substances. The Committee noted
that understanding of patterns of emission, transport,
deposition, and biological effects of these pollutants is
incomplete, and they provided a preliminary guideline
for the sorts of integrated research needed. After dis-
cussing btogenic emissions of the substances of con-
cern and the magnitude and form of anthropogenic
emissions, the Committee described in detail atmos-
pheric transport and deposition processes and biologi-
cal accumulation. A guide was developed to predicting
consequences of continued or accelerated pollution,
and a case history was given of effects of acid rain.
The conclusion was reached that increased scientific
effort is needed in two critical areas: long-term moni-
toring and forecasting of future effects of these pollut-
ants, and ecotoxicology. The Committee recommend-
ed that U.S. agencies provide funding for the needed
scientific effort and in particular for the establishment
of graduate training programs in ecotoxicology.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Combustion products, Fossil
fuels, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Sulfur inorganic
compounds, Trace elements, Sources, Organic com-
pounds, Transport properties, Accumulation, 'Biologi-
cal processes, 'Biosphere, Acid rain, Ecosystems.
PB82-182361 PC A05/MF A01
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Environmental Protection Agency -Department of
Transportation: Hazardous Waste Transportation
Interface; Guidance Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Elaine V. Schosman, and Donna M. Inman. Nov 81,
88p SW-935
Sponsored in part by Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC.
This manual outlines the requirements applicable to
generators and transporters of hazardous waste ac-
cording to both the Department of Transportation
(DOT) and the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) regulations. It explains how EPA's hazardous
waste regulations apply or add to DOTS Hazardous
Materials Transportation Regulations (HMTR).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cargo transporta-
tion, 'Manuals, Regulations, Standards,
PB82-182569 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Sold Waste Uangement Alternatives for Teller
County, Colorado: A Technical Assistance Panels
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
Raymond Buyoe, Darcy Campbell, Scott Daniels,
Burke Lokey, and Stephen Orzynski. Feto 82, 1 36p
EPA-908/6-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -6008
Teller County exhibits solid waste management prob-
lems similar to many rural mountainous areas in the
western United States. The County experiences rela-
tively rapid population growth, a large seasonal influx
of summer residents and tourists, and a severe winter
cfimate. The County requested an analysis of alterna-
tive sottd waste management systems, including the
use of one or more sanitary landfills in the County,
hauling waste out of the County in collection vehicles,
and transferring waste out of the County after compac-
tion in a transfer station. Cost estimates were devel-
oped for the various waste collection, transfer, and dis-
posal alternatives. Potential landfill sites were located
and rated using a qualitative review methodology.
Such siting factors as soil depth and type, ground and
surface water impacts, haul distance, access, size of
the site, slope, visibility, and adjacent land use were in-
corporated into the evaluation system. The report rec-
ommends upgrading of a present County disposal site
(Cripple Creek) for use as a sanitary landfill, and clo-
sure of the second County disposal site (Victor). It is
also recommended that the most suitable of the poten-
tial landfill sites be purchased for future development.
Continued transfer of some waste out of the County re-
mains a viable alternative contingent upon the contin-
ued availability of landfill sites in a neighboring county
to the east
Keywords: 'Rural areas, Substitutes, Earth fills, Solid
waste disposal, Cost analysis, Sites, 'Solid waste
management, 'Teller County(Colorado).
PB82-183484 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis, RCRA (Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act) interim Status
Standards.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1981,933p-in4v
Set includes PB82-183492 through PB82-183526.
No abstract available.
PB82-183492
PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
m, RCRA (Resourc
Act) Interim
Resource Con-
Status
Economic Impact Analysis, I
servatkxi and Recovery
Standards. Volume I.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1981,162p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4671
See also Volume 2, PB82-183500.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
183484.
This Economic Impact Analysis of Phase I of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Sub-
title C hazardous waste program analyzes the costs
and impacts of regulations for generators; transport-
ers; and treaters, storers, and disposers under the In-
terim Status Standards (ISS).
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Economic impact
'Hazardous materials, Standards, Waste disposal,
Regulations, Cargo transportation, Management plan-
ning, Methodology, Solid wastes, Resource conserva-
tion and recovery act
PB82-183500 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis, RCRA (Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act) Interim Status
Standards. Volume II.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1981,245p
See also Volume 1, PB82-183492, and Volume 3,
PB81-1B3518.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
183484.
Contents:
Specific compliance requirements under RCRA;
Unit costs;
Off-site waste disposal prices;
Projected U.S. inflation rates;
Cost of capital;
Economic characterization and impact on selected
generator industries.
Keywords: 'Economic impact 'Hazardous materials,
'Industries, Waste disposal, Capitalized costs. Regula-
tions, Standards, Solid wastes, Resource conservation
and recovery act
PB42-183518 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Anajyajs, RCRA (Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act) Interim Status
Standards. Volume III.
LittJe (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1981,322p
ContractEPA-68-01-4671
See also Volume 2, PB82-183500, and Volume 4,
PB82-183526.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
183484.
This appendix discusses the data bases on which
model plant specifications were based and expands
on the specifications for surface impoundments. The
last section of the appendix contains the data for all 22
industries used in calculating compliance costs. The
major sources of data for the model plants are summa-
rized.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Hazardous materials,
'Industries, Economic analysis. Industrial plants,
Tables(Data), Standards, Solid wastes, Resource con-
servation and recovery act.
PB82-183526 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis, RCRA (Resource Con-
servation arid Recovery Act) Interim Status
Standards. Volume IV.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1981,204p
Contract EPA-68-01-4671
See also Volume 3, PB82-183518.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
183484.
This appendix contains two sets of sample calcula-
tions. The first example treats an industry segment,
phenolic resins, according to the methodology used by
Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the industries for which other
contractors did not provide basic data. The second ex-
ample treats an industry, leather tanning, for which, the
basic data were provided by another contractor. The
two methods differed somewhat - particularly in the
definition of model plant subcategories and in the way
the subcategories are aggregated
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Hazardous materials,
'Industries, Economic analysis, Computer programs.
Standards, Solid wastes, Resource conservation and
recovery act, Numerical solution.
PB82-183567 PC A09/MF A01
Evaluation of the Paser Magnum/Paser SOO/Paser
500 HEI Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle
Information and Cost Savings Act Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. May 81,183p EPA-AA-TEB-
511^1-58
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document contains the attachments of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Paser Magnum, Paser 500, and
Paser 500 HEI' devices under provisions of Section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act These attachments include patent information,
correspondence between the Applicant and EPA and
all documents submitted in support of the application.
The entire report is contained in two volumes. The dis-
cussions, conclusions and list of all attachments are
included in EPA-AA-TEB-511 -81-5A, which consists of
22 pages. The attachments are contained in EPA-AA-
TEB-51 1 -81-5B, which consists of 181 pages.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Electromagnetic fields, Electromagnetic
radiation, Internal combustion engines. Performance
evaluation, Paser Magnum devices, Paser 500 de-
vices.
PB82-183740 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aircraft Flight Procedures Program: Data Base
Development Final rept,
ORI, Inc., Stiver Spring, MD.
Larry A. Ronk, Timothy A. Gates, and William S.
Wilkinson. Mar 81,162pORI/TR-1799, EPA/DF-82/
003A
Contract EPA-68-01 -6151
For system on magnetic tape, see PB82-186172. See
also PB82-183757.
The purpose of this study was to identify and collect
performance and operational data and information re-
quired to construct flight paths and performance
schedules for selected commercial aircarrier aircraft
types powered by low-by-pass ratio and high-by-pass
ratio turbofan engines. The performance and oper-
1258 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ational data and information can be used to determine
the flight paths and performance schedules for aircraft
operating in accordance with specified flight proce-
dures, and over a range of airport temperatures and
airport pressure altitudes. In addition, this study effort
also included an evaluation of available flight proce-
dures computer programs developed by various orga-
nizations such as aircraft manufacturers, consultants,
and the Federal government (NASA, FAA, etc.) The
purpose of evaluating these programs was to identify
existing analytical and computer programming work
which can be used in developing a modified computer
program model to generate aircraft flight path and per-
formance schedule data which was compatible with
the input data requirements of the FAA's INM and the
USAFs NOISEMAP.
Keywords: 'Commercial aircraft, 'Flight maneuvers,
Computerized simulation, Computer programming,
Flight paths, Takeoff, Climbing flight, Aircraft landing,
Noise pollution, Fuel consumption, Turbofan engines,
IBM-370/168MP computers, Fortran 4 programming
language.
PB82-183757 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aircraft Flight Procedures Program: Modified
Computer Program Model - User's Manual. Rnal
rept.,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Larry A. Ronk. Dec 81,85p ORI/TR-1992, EPA/DF-
82/003B
Contract EPA-68-01-6267
For system on magnetic tape, see PB82-186172. See
also PB82-183740.
This manual describes an aircraft flight procedures
model used to construct aircraft flight paths and per-
formance schedules for specified operational proce-
dures. The computer model algorithms were derived
from fundamental aircraft and engine performance re-
lationships or from operational characteristics applica-
ble to specific aircraft types. The flight path and per-
formance schedule data generated by the model are
compatible with the input data requirements of the
FAA's INM and the USAF's NOISEMAP. The flight pro-
cedures model was developed and installed on the
EPA's IBM 370/168MP computer system. The pro-
gram was written in FORTRAN IV language and exe-
cuted interactively under TSO.
Keywords: 'Commercial aircraft, 'Flight maneuvers,
Computerized simulation, Computer programming,
Right paths, Takeoff, Climbing flight, Aircraft landing,
Noise pollution, Fuel consumption, Turbofan engines,
User needs, IBM 370/168MP computers, Fortran 4
programming language.
PB82-183880 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
NOx Emission Controls for Heavy-Duty Vehicles:
Toward Meeting a 1986 Standard. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1981,130p* ISBN-0-309-03226-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -6188
Library of Congress catalog card no. 81-85575.
In late 1980 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), as part of its rulemaking in establishing emis-
sion standards for heavy-duty vehicles called for in the
Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977 (42 USC 7401 et
seq.), requested that the National Research Council
study the technological feasibility of meeting a more
stringent standard for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions
by 1986. The Assembly of Engineering established the
Motor Vehicle Nitrogen Oxides Standard Committee to
carry out the requested study. Heavy-duty vehicles are
extremely varied in size, operating conditions, and ve-
hicle type; the category includes trucks, buses, large
vans, and recreational vehicles. This report focuses on
the impact of emission control technologies on the
cost, efficiency, and performance of heavy-duty
engine vehicles and their impact on other potentially
hazardous engine emissions. The committee sought to
provide an independent analysis of the scientific, tech-
nical, and cost issues raised by NOx emission controls
for heavy-duty vehicles of model year 1986. The com-
mittee noted several policy questions that arose from
the technical findings in this study; these questions
should be considered in a rulemaking procedure, but in
the committee's judgment their answers require policy
decisions beyond the scope of the committee's
charge.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Standards, Technology, Regulations, Diesel engines,
Gasoline engines, Revisions, Public health, Cost anal-
ysis, Substitutes, 'Heavy duty vehicles.
PB82-184722 PC A09/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition, (Including Supplements 1-7), Sup-
plement Number 12.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr81,192p
See also Supplement 9, PB81-244097.
In this Supplement for AP-42, revised or updated emis-
sions data are presented for Dry cleaning; Surface
coating; Storage of organic liquids; Solvent degreas-
ing; Graphic arts; Consumer/commercial solvent use;
Sulfuric acid; Beer making; Ammonium sulfate; Primary
aluminum; Secondary aluminum; Gray iron foundries;
Steel foundries; Secondary zinc; Asphaltic concrete;
Asphalt roofing; NEDS source classification codes and
emission factor listing; and Table of lead emission fac-
tors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Solid waste disposal, Exhaust emis-
sions, Sources, Evaporation, Chemical industry, Food
industry, Metal industry, Petroleum industry, Wood,
•Emission factors, Fugitive emissions, Stationary
sources.
PB82-185091 PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Advanced Technology for Radium Removal from
Drinking Water The Flatonia Water Treatment
Project Final rept.,
Texas State Dept. of Health, Austin. Div. of Occupa-
tional Health and Radiation Control.
Lewis M. Cook. 1981,67p ORP-CR-81 -1
Contract EPA-68-01 -3985
A study was conducted to determine the applicability
of using manganese-coated acrylic fibers to remove
radium from drinking water. The technique of using
manganese-coated fibers to remove radium from
drinking water is a simple, effective and economical
procedure which is compatible with the operations of a
municipal utility crew.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Radium, Technology,
Filtration, Potable water. Acrylic fibers.
PB82-185133 PC A07/MF A01
Oxyfluorfen (Goal 2E(Trade Name)) Position Doc-
ument Number 1-2-3. Pesticide Rebuttable Pre-
sumption Against Registration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 82,138p EPA-540/9-82-001
Errata sheet inserted.
This document details the Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration (RPAR) regarding products con-
taining the above chemical. The bases for EPA's con-
cern are contained in this document. It also contains a
bibliography of citations used in this preliminary deter-
mination.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Exposure, Risk, Farm crops,
'Oxyfluorfen, Ethylene/chloro.
PB82-185182 PC A04/MF A01
Considerations of Environmental Protection Crite-
ria for Radioactive Waste. Background rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Feb78,67p
Although most waste materials contain some radioac-
tivity, their designation as radioactive waste in depend-
ent on their having no perceived value, their origin, and
whether the materials pose undesirable exposure cir-
cumstances. This document develops the consider-
ations for and initial formulations of environmental pro-
tection criteria for radioactive wastes.
Keywords: Radioactivity, Criteria, 'Radioactive
wastes, 'Environment protection.
PB82-185232 PC A10/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Las Cruces, New
Mexico (Draft Environmental Impact Statement).
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Mar 82,218p EPA-906/9-82-002
The city of Las Cruces operates sewage treatment fa-
cilities which serve the city, the town of Mesilla, New
Mexico State University, and parts of Dona Ana
County. Major problems include: (a) inadequate collec-
tion and treatment capacity to accommodate the sub-
stantial growth; and (b) an existing treatment facility
that is inefficient. Alternatives regarding service area,
collection system improvements, wastewater treat-
ment, and sludge management were analyzed to ac-
commodate expected sewage flows to the year 2005.
Las Cruces proposes to expand its service area slight-
ly to conform to projected growth patterns and to con-
struct interceptor and collection sewers necessary to
provide service throughout the urban area. This will
principally impact non-agricultural lands northeast of
the existing service area. The city proposes to use the
existing plant site, and to replace the current treatment
facility with a roughing filter followed by activated
sludge treatment.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Upgrading, Population
growth, Construction, Sewers, Sludge disposal, Acti-
vated sludge process, Land use, Environmental im-
pacts, Ground water, New Mexico, Las Cruces(New
Mexico), Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-185448 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Animal Investigation Program 1979 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. May 81,
75p EPA-600/3-81-035, DOE/DP-00539-042
See also PB81-170748.
Data are presented from the radioanalyses of tissues
collected from animals that resided on or near the
Nevada Test Site (NTS). Gamma-emitting radionu-
clides were detected infrequently. Strontium-90 con-
centrations in bones were lower than those of recent
years. Tritium and plutonium levels varied little from
previous years. Radionuclide tissue concentrations
were generally higher in animals from Area 15 than in
similar animals from other NTS areas. The highest
postulated annual dose estimate to man was 2.6 millir-
ems to bone based on the daily consumption of 0.5 kg
of deer liver containing peak levels of plutonium-238.
This dose is about 0.5 percent of the 500 millirems per
year radiation protection guide for individuals in the
general population. Postulated doses for other radion-
uclides are about 0.3 percent or less of the standard.
The movements of 25 mule deer outfitted with collars
containing a radio transmitter unit were monitored
weekly. During the winter all deer left their summer
range on the NTS. The deer dispersed over the widest
areas observed since 1975. A deer captured in De-
cember 1979 was observed 7 months later in the
Barley Creek area of Nye County which is approxi-
mately 160 kilometers from its capture point. No gross
or microscopic lesions were found in necropsied ani-
mals that could be directly attributed to the effects of
ionizing radiation.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Radiobiology, Sur-
veillance, Beef cattle, Wildlife, Pathology, Radiotele-
metry, Tissues(Biology), Fallout, Contamination,
Humans, Plutonium, Strontium, Cesium, Metals, Deer,
Bioaccumulation, 'Nevada Test Site, Histopathology.
PB82-185778 PC E99
Master Project Facilities Plan, Expansion of Reno-
Sparks Joint Water Pollution Control Plant
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
15Sep80,1278p-in5v
Set includes PB82-185786 thru PB82-185828. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Associ-
ates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
No abstract available.
December 1983 1259
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-185786 PC A22/MF A01
Master Project Facilities Plan, Expansion of Reno-
Sparks Joint Water PoButton Control Plant CItfes
of Reno and Sparks, Nevada. Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
15Sep80,503pEPA-9-CA-C-32-0114
See also PB82-185794. Prepared in cooperation with
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
185778.
The purpose of the Master Project Facilities Plan, ex-
pansion of Reno-Sparks joint water pollution control
plant (JWPCP), is to determine the optimum method of
increasing the capacity of the existing wastewater
treatment plant serving the cities of Reno and Sparks.
The Master Project Facilities Plan encompasses the
expansion of the JWPCP facilities from 30 mod to 40
mgd to accommodate projected growth unfit about
year 2000. The Facilities Plan analyzed a number of al-
ternatives incorporating several treatment and effluent
dttposal concepts. Summary descriptions of existing
facilities and Master Project alternatives are given. It is
concluded in this Draft Environmental Impact State-
ment that the potential for significant adverse impacts
exists.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Waste dis-
posal, Truckee River, Population growth, Air pollution,
Land use, Water pollution, Trout, Wildlife, Nevada,
'Sewage treatment plants, Reno(Nevaoa),
SparkstNevada), Alternative planning, Land applica-
tion.
P882-1857M
Master Project Fa
duties Pb
PC A16/MF A01
n, Expansion of Reno-
Spark* Jotrrt Water Pollution Control Plant Cffle*
of Reno and Sparks, Nevada: Appendices A-D.
Draft environmental impact statement
Environmental Protection Agency. San Francisco, CA.
Region IX
15 Sep 80,357p EPA-9-CA-C-32-0114A
See also PB82-185786 and PB82-185802. Prepared in
cooperation with Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc.,
Sacramento, CA.Portions of this document are not
fuRytegfcte.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
185778.
This volume contains Appendices A-D to the Draft En-
vironmental Impact Statement (DEIS) on the Master
Project Facilities Plan, expansion of Reno-Sparks joint
water pollution control plant It includes the regional
economy, air quality, water law, and cultural resources
survey for the master project
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft. Economic
factors. Population growth. Residential buHdings,
Water law, Archaeology, Air quality, Nevada,
RenrXNevada), Sparfcs(Nevada).
PB82-1S5802 PC A09/MF A01
Master Project FacWttes Plan, Expansion of Reno-
SpsrksJoint Water PoButlon Control^ Ptont. Cities
or Reno and Sparks, Nevada: Appendices E«O.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX
15Sep 80,180p EPA-9-CA-C-32-0114B
See also P882-185794 and PB82-185810. Prepared in
cooperation with Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc.,
Sacramento, CAPortions of this document are not
fuHylegtote
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
185778.
This volume contains Appendices E-G to the Draft En-
vironmental Impact Statement (DEIS) on the Master
Project Fac*ties Plan, expansion of Reno-Sparks joint
water pollution control plant It includes the surface
water hydrology, water quality, and hydrotogic model-
ing-
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft. Hydrology,
Water quality. Evaporation, Stream flow, Truckee
River, Tabtes(Data), Nevada, Reno(Nevada),
SperfcsfNevada), Water quality data.
PB82-185810 PC A08/MF A01
Master Project Facilities Plan, Expansion of Reno-
Sparks Joint Water Pollution Control Plant Cities
of Reno and Sparks, Nevada: Appendices H-K.
Draft environmental impact statement
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX
15 Sep 80,168p EPA-9-CA-C-32-0114C
See also PB82-185802 and PB82-185828. Prepared in
cooperation with Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc.,
Sacramento, CA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
185778.
This volume contains Appendices H-K to the Draft En-
vironmental Impact Statement on the Master Project
Facilities Plan, expansion of Reno-Sparks joint water
pollution control plant It includes the limnology of Pyr-
amid Lake and Lahontan Reservoir, endangered and
threatened species, fish and wildlife resources, and
permits.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-draft, Limnology,
Pyramid Lake, Fishes, Wildlife, Licenses, Stream flow,
Tabtes(Data), Ecology, Nevada, Truckee River, 'En-
dangered species, Reno(N«vada), Sparks(Nevada).
PB82-185828 PC A04/MF A01
Master Project Faculties Plan, Expansion of Reno-
Sparks Joint Water Pollution Control Plant CWes
of Reno and Sparks, Nevada: Summary- Draft envi-
ronmental impact statement
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX
15 Sep 80,70p EPA-9-CA-C-32-0114D
See also PB82-185810. Prepared in cooperation with
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
185778.
The purpose of the Master Project Facilities Plan, ex-
pansion of Reno-Sparks joint water pollution control
plant (JWPCP), is to determine the optimum method of
increasing the capacity of the existing wastewater
treatment plant serving the cities of Reno and Sparks.
The Master Project Facilities Plan encompasses the
expansion of the facilities from 30 mgd to 40 mgd to
accommodate projected growth until about year 2000.
The purpose of this Environmental Impact Statement
is to publicly present all of the issues surrounding the
project
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Sewage disposal,
•Environmental impact statements-draft. Sludge dis-
posal, Packaged sewage plants, Combined sewers,
Phosphorus, Filtration, Cost analysis, Water pollution,
Fishes, Truckee River, Population growth, Ground
water, Land use, Economic impact, Nevada,
Reno(Nevada), Sparks(Nevada), Water demand.
PB82-186172 CP T08
Aircraft Flight Procedures Computer Model
Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Larry A. Ronk. Jan 82, mag tape EPA/DF-82/003
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB82-183740
and PB82-183757.
The aircraft flight procedures model is used to con-
struct aircraft flight paths and performance schedules
for specified operational procedures. The computer
model algorithms were derived from fundamental air-
craft and engine performance relationships or from
operational characteristics applicable to specific air-
craft types. The flight path and performance schedule
data generated by the model are compatible with the
input data requirements of the FAA's INM and the
USAFs NOISEMAP...Software Description: The flight
procedures model was developed and installed on the
EPA's IBM 370/168MP computer system. The pro-
gram was written in FORTRAN IV language and exe-
cuted interactively under TSO. 50 K bytes of core stor-
age are required to operate the model.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Commercial aircraft,
'Flight maneuvers, Flight paths, Takeoff, Climbing
flight Aircraft landing, Noise pollution, Fuel consump-
tion, Turbofan engines, Magnetic tapes, IBM-370/
168MP computers, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB82-186313 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Conversation of Dissolved Manganese to Parttcu-
late Manganese During Diatom Bloom: Effects on
the Manganese Cycle In the MERL Microcosms.
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Carton D. Hunt, and Deborah L Smith. Feb 82,21p
EPA/600/D-82-217, .ERLN-X21
Contract EPA-CR-8rj-7795
Pub. in Microcosms in Ecological Research, Symposi-
um Series 52 (CONF-781101) 1980.
Conversion of dissolved manganese to participate
manganese occurred during a minor diatom bloom
during August and September 1978 in the MERL mi-
crocosms. Correlations between chlorophyll a and par-
tteulate manganese suggest that 29 moles Mn were
transferred to the paniculate phase for every mole of
chlorophyll formed during the active growth of the dia-
toms. The particulate manganese formed was primari-
ly removed to the sediments after the bloom terminat-
ed. The ability to sample large controlled ecosystems
repeatedly over short time scales provides a system in
which the geochemical cycle of manganese can be
readily modeled.
Keywords: 'Manganese, 'Plankton blooms, 'Diatoms,
'Growth, Chemical reactions, Sediments,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Chlorophylls, Plant pigments, Correlation,
Geochemistry, Sampling, Biological productivity, Esti-
mates, Rhode Island, Reprints, Ecosystems.
PB82-186321 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Biogeochemistry of Benzanthracene In an En-
closed Marine Ecosystem. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Kenneth R. Hinga, Michael E. Q. Pilson, Richard F.
Lee, John W. Farrington, and Kjell Tjcssem. Mar 82,
10p EPA-600/J-80-387,, ERLN-X24
EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology, v14
p1136-11421980.
Carbon-14 labeled benz(a)anthracene was introduced
into a large-scale marine microcosm containing an
ecosystem functioning in a manner that was in many
respects typical of the shallow coastal waters of the
northeastern United States. The radio-tracer label
made it possible to follow the removal of
benz(a)anthracene and labeled metabolites from the
water column, their appearance and mixing into the
sediments, and the production of 14CO2 for 230 days.
At the end of the experiment 29% had been respired
to CO2, white the remaining extractable activity (43%)
was evenly divided between parent compound and in-
termediate metabolic products.
Keywords: 'Benzanthracenes, 'Estuaries, 'Coasts,
'Water pollution, Carbon 14, Isotopic labeling. Remov-
al, Sediments, Carbon dioxide, Metabolism, Respira-
tion, Biochemistry, Forest fires, Polycyclic compounds,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Geochemistry, Reprints,
Tracer studies, 'Ecosystems.
PB82-186339 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett Rl.
Seasonal Variations of Tintinnids (Cflfophora: OH-
gotrichlda) hi Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island,
U.SA Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Paul E. Margraves. Mar 82,13p EPA-600/J-61-529,,
ERLN-X28
Contract EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub. in Jul. of Plankton Research v3 n1 p81-91 1981.
Tintinnids exhibit a bimodal peak of abundance in Nar-
ragansett Bay, with a minimum in late spring and a
lesser peak in late summer-early autumn, depending
on location. Thirty-three species in eight genera were
identified, with the fauna dominated by the genus Tin-
tinnopsis. Tintinnid abundance was not obviously cor-
related with salinity, temperature, or nanoplankton
chlorophyll concentration.
Keywords: 'Food chains, 'Ciliata, Narragansett Bay,
Identifying, Abundance, Seasonal variations, Sites,
1260 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Temperature, Salinity, Feeding stuffs, Oil pollution,
Toxicily, Rhode Island, Reprints, "Tintinnopsis, Eco-
systems.
PB82-186347 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Morphology and Ecology of Oltmannsiella virida,
Sp. Nov. (Chlorophyceae: Volvocales). Journal arti-
cel,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Paul E. Hargraves, and Richard L Steele. Mar 82,9p
EPA-600/J-80-390,, ERLN-J216
Pub. in Phycologia, v19 n2 p96-1021981.
A new quadriflagellate green alga is described from
temperate coastal waters. It occurs primarily as four-
celled colonies, and its ultrastructure and general mor-
phology place it in the Dunalliellaceae (order Volvo-
cales, class Chlorophyceae). Oltmannsiella virida
grows well in salinities from 10 ppt. to full-strength
coastal water, and at temperatures from 15-25C.
Keywords: *Narragansett Bay, 'Algae, 'Coasts, Identi-
fying, Salinity, Ocean temperature, Morphology, Ecolo-
gy, Cells(Biology), Rhode Island, Reprints, •Oltmann-
siella virida, Swimming.
PB82-186354 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rf.
Annual Phytoplankton Metabolism In Narragan-
sett Bay Calculated from Survey Field Measure-
ment* and Microcosm Oberservations. Journal ar-
ticle,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Candace Oviatt, Betty Buckley, and Scott Nixon. Mar
82,12p EPA-600/J-81-534,, ERLN-X29
EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub in Estuaries, v4 n2 p167-1751981.
Field surveys of phytoplankton metabolism, based on
oxygen changes, were made in Narragansett Bay from
1971-73. Annual daytime net production varied from
218 g C per sqm per yr in the East Passage to 429 gC
per sq m per yr in the Providence River. A set of micro-
cosms, operated so as to simulate the Bay, had an
annual net production of 276 g C per sq m per yr and a
night respiration of 163 g C per sq m per yr resulting in
an annual net carbon available for export or to the
benthos of 113 g C per sq m per yr.
Keywords: * Phytoplankton, 'Metabolism, * Narragan-
sett Bay, Surveys, Primary biological productivity, Res-
piration, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Carbon, Benthos,
Diurnal variations, Providence River, Rhode Island,
Reprints.
PB82-186362 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Modification of the Feeding Behavior of Marine
Copepod* by Sub-Lethal Concentrations of
Water-Accommodated Fuel Oil. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
M. S. Berman, and D. R. Heinle. Mar 82,8p EPA-600/
J-80-388,, ERLN-X26
Contract EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub. in Marine biology, v56 p59-64 1980.
The feeding behaviors of Acartia clausi and A. tonsa
were measured in samples of water containing low
levels of a water-accommodated fraction of No. 2 fuel
oil. The copepods fed normally at a hydrocarbon con-
centration of 70 mterograms/l, but their feeding behav-
ior was altered both quantitatively and qualitatively at a
concentration of 250 micrograms/l. Three types of re-
sponse to the higher oil level were found. The first was
total suppression of feeding. Both other types involved
suppression of feeding on particles between 7 and 15
micro m diameter, but one showed no change in the in-
gestion of larger particles, whereas the other displayed
increased feeding on particles larger than 15 micro m
diamter.
Keywords: 'Fuel oil, 'Crustacea, 'Feeding habits, 'Oil
pollution, Concentration(Composrtion), Responses,
FeedJng(Supplying), Particles, Hydrocarbons, Re-
prints, 'Acarte, 'Water pollution e«ects(Animals).
PB82-186388 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Diet Flux of Dissolved Carbohydrate In a Salt
Marsh and a Simulated Estuarlne Ecosystem.
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
C. M. Burney, K. M. Johnson, and J. McN. Sieburth
Mar 82,15p ERLN-X31,, EPA-600/J-81 -533
Contract EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub. in Marine Biology, v65, p175-1871981.
The concentrations of total dissolved carbohydrate
(TCHO), monosaccharide (MCHO) and polysaccharide
(PCHO) were followed over a total of ten diel cycles in
a salt marsh and a 13 cu m seawater tank simulating
an estuarine ecosystem. Their patterns are compared
to those for total dissolved organic carbon (DOC),
sigma CO2, pH, O2, chlorophyll a, phaeopigments and
solar radiation. During 5 of the 6 marsh studies, PCHO
underwent periods of sustained accumulation starting
in the late morning or early afternoon and continuing
into the early evening. These periods possibly repre-
sent release of recently synthesyzed PCHO from phc-
totrophs. Similar patterns were not found in the tank al-
though direct associations between TCHO and phaeo-
pigment dynamics suggest that zooplankton excretion
was an important source of dissolved carbohydrate.
Keywords: 'Carbohydrates, 'Polysaccharides, 'Mono-
saccharides, 'Zooplankton,
Concentration(Composition), Diurnal variations, Com-
parison, Organic compounds, Carbon, Chlorophylls,
pH, Oxygen, Solar radiation, Dissolved gases, Sub-
strates, Bacteria, Estuaries, Reprints, 'Salt marshes,
Ecosystems.
PB82-186529 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Agriculture Runoff and Reservoir Drawdown Ef-
fects on a 2760-Hectare Reservoir. Final rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Stevens Point. Coll. of Natural Re-
sources.
Byron H. Shaw, and Charles F. Powers. Mar 82,56p
EPA/600/3-82/003
Contract EPA-R-803547
The 2760-hectare Big Eau Pleine Reservoir in Mara-
thon County, Wisconsin has experienced frequent
winter fish kills and summer algae blooms since its
construction in 1937. A study of the reservoir and its
945 square kilometer watershed was conducted from
1974 to 1979 in an attempt to quantify the sources of
water quality problems to recommend management
practices to reduce these problems. Land use and nu-
trient loading studies in the watershed identified agri-
cultural runoff, especially animal waste, as the major
source of nutrient loading. Total phosphorus loss from
the watershed averaged 0.59 kg/ha/yr for the 4-year
period; approximately 60 percent occurred during the
spring snowmelt and runoff season. Hydrologic and
soil erosion modeling indicated that spring snowmelt
was the period of greatest runoff and soil erosion and
that much of the soil erosion and runoff originates on
the lower slopes and alluvial soils.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution control, 'Big Eau
Pleine Reservoir, Farms, Agricultural wastes, Phos-
phorus, Nutrients, Drawdown, Land use, Snowmelt,
Algae, Plankton blooms, Soil erosion, Summer, Winter,
Losses, Mathematical models, Tables(Data), Wiscon-
sin, 'Reservoir operation, Marathon
County(Wisconsin), Fish kills, Organic loading. Agricul-
tural watersheds. Manure.
PB82-186537 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Source Test and
Evaluation Report - B and W/Alliance Atmospher-
ic Fluidlzed-Bed Combustor. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. J. Kindya, R. R. Hall, C. W. Young, and P. Fennelly.
Apr 81,112p EPA-600/7-81-076
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report gives results of a comprehensive emission
sampling and analysis of a pilot-scale, atmospheric-
pressure, coal-fired, fluidized-bed combustor (AFBC).
Screening data on organic and inorganic pollutants
and indications of biological activity were obtained.
The Babcock and Wilcox/Electric Power Research In-
stitute AFBC at Alliance, OH. (B and W/EPRI/Alli-
ance), with a coal-firing capacity of 880 kg/hr was
tested. Air pollutant emissions of trace elements were
measured upstream of particulate controls. Assuming
a control efficiency of 99.9%, necessary to meet the
utility boiler Federal NSPS for particulate of 13 ng/J,
emissions of trace elements are not significant Ele-
mental concentrations do not appear to be significant-
ly different from other FBCs or conventional coal com-
bustion systems. Limited further analyses for specific
polynuclear aromatic compounds indicate that emis-
sions of these compounds are probably of no concern.
Analysis of laboratory-generated leachates from solid
waste samples reveals that trace metal concentrations
are well below Federal hazardous waste criteria. Posi-
tive test results for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity
screening tests require further investigation.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fluidized bed
processors, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Leaching, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Trace elements, Assessments, Sources, Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, 'Coal fired
power plants, Solid wastes.
PB82-186545 PC A06/MF A01
Direct Measurement of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds tn Breathing-Zone Air, Drinking Water,
Breath, Blood, and Urine,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
r 3rK, NO.
Ruth Zweidinger, Mitch Erickson, S. Cooper, Don
Whittaker, and Edo Pellizzari. 1982,104p EPA-600/4-
82-015
Physical, chemical, and biological measurements of
environmental quality are necessary to determine not
only the extent of environmental damage but also the
effects of environmental protection programs. The
Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
has the responsibility of developing new monitoring
methods, evaluating and improving existing methods,
carrying out field monitoring programs, and assuring
the quality of the environmental data collected by the
Agency. The present study was a pilot effort to evalu-
ate new methods for measuring personal exposure to
a number of toxic compounds in air, water, breath, and
blood. The methods for collecting air and breath sam-
ples appear to be particularly effective, and are now
being employed in large-scale studies.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Public health, Ex-
posure, Field tests, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Or-
ganic compounds, Water pollution. Air pollution, Blood
analysis, Potable water, Urine, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-186552 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Estimating Cloud Parameters for NEROS I,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. M. Vukovich, and D. P. Eriich. Mar 82,28p EPA-
600/3-82-011
Contract EPA-68-02-3428
GOES infrared and visible imagery were combined
with surface and upper-air meteorological observa-
tions to determine cloud amounts and cloud-top
heights over the NEROS grid for the periods 1200,
1500, and 1800 EOT, on 3, 4, and 13 August 1979.
Cloud amounts were determined for cumulus clouds
alone and for all clouds. Cloud-top heights were deter-
mined specifically for cumulus clouds. A study was ini-
tiated to develop a model which may be used to para-
meterize the cloud ozone flux. Several models were
developed to estimate the average maximum cloud
vertical velocity.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Clouds(Meteorology), Infrared
mapping, Mathematical models, Cumulus clouds,
Height, Cloud cover, Periodic variations,
Grids(Coordinates), Scientific satellites, GOES satel-
lites, Northeast Regional Oxidant Study.
PB82-186792 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Health Assessment Document for Polycyclic Or-
ganic Matter. Final rept.,
Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., NY.
Joseph Santodonato, Phillip Howard, Dipak Basu,
Sheldon Lande, and James K. Selkirk. Feb 79,492p
EPA-600/9-79-008
Contract EPA-68-01 -2800
The document responds to Section 122 of the Clean
Air Act as Amended August 1977, which requires the
December 1983 1261
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Administrator to decide whether atmospheric emis-
sions of polycyclic organic matter (POM) potentially
endanger public health. This document reviews POM
data on chemical and physical properties, atmospheric
forms, atmospheric fate and transport, measurement
techniques, ambient levels, toxicology, occupational
health, and epidemiology. Polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAH's), such as the carcinogen
benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and their neutral nitrogen ana-
logs are the two POM chemical groups occurring most
frequently in ambient air. The major environmental
sources of POM'S appear to be the combustion or py-
rolysis of materials containing carbon and hydrogen.
There is general agreement that POM compounds are
associated with suspended paniculate matter from
both mobile and stationary sources, principally respira-
bte particles. Available monitoring data suggest that
many POM compounds associated with participate
matter probably are stable in ambient air for several
days. The major health concern over exposure to
POM's is their carcinogenicity. ROM's gain ready
access to the body's circulation either by inhalation, in-
gestion, or skin contact Although it cannot be stated
unequivocally that any POM's are human carcinogens,
several of these compounds are among the more
potent animal carcinogens known.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Toxicology, 'Aromat-
ic potycyclic hydrocarbons, Air pollution. Reviews, Epi-
demiology, Public health, Ecology, Sampling, Detec-
tion, RepVoduction(Biology), Metabolism, Congenital
abnormalities, Industrial wastes. Combustion prod-
ucts. Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health, Literature sur-
veys, 'Occupational safety and health. Analytical
methods, Carcinogenests, Mutagenesis, Pharmacokin-
etics, Teratology, Benzopyrenes.
PB82-187337 PC A05/MF A01
Receptor Model Technical Series: Volume 1. Over-
view of Receptor Model Application to Paniculate
Source Apportionment Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
John E. Core. Jul 81,81p EPA-450/4-81-016A
See also Volume 2, PB82-187345.
Volume I of the Receptor Model Technical Series pre-
sents an overview of current particulate source appor-
tionment methods and their applications to control
strategy development programs. It is the first in a
series of documents describing methods which can be
used to identify source impacts, using data collected at
the receptor. This is unlike source (dispersion) models
that estimate source strengths based on emission fac-
tors, plume behavior and meteorology. Volume II of the
series describes the Chemical Mass Balance Receptor
Model in detail. Future volumes win describe other re-
ceptor model techniques. Information presented in this
series is directed to regulatory professionals responsi-
ble for particulate control strategy development or re-
lated programs requiring source apportionment analy-
sis. Major receptor methods are discussed, applica-
tions to control strategy development are presented
and areas in which receptor models compliment
source (dispersion) models are explored. Property ap-
plied, and with supportive evidence developed through
independent approaches, receptor models can be
used independently or in concert with dispersion
models, to provide important new information to regu-
latory agencies.
Keywords: *Air pollution. 'Particles. 'Mathematical
models. Sources, Air pollution control, State govern-
ment. Emission factors.
PB82-187345 PC A07/MF A01
Receptor Model Technical Series: Volume 2.
Chen** Maw Balance. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
John E. Core. Jul 81,132p EPA-450/4-81-016B
See also Volume 1, PB82-187337.
Recent improvements in air sampling and analytical
techniques have stimulated rapid growth in new tech-
niques of source impact analysis using receptor
models. These models 'decode' the chemical finger-
prints and variability of the ambient aerosol to back-
calculate source impacts. Unlike source (dispersion)
models that estimate source strengths from emission
rate, meteorology and stack parameters, receptor
techniques separate source contribution to the total,
fine, coarse, or inhalabte particulate mass using data
from ambient aerosol measurements. This document
is the second of a series describing how receptor
models can be used by State and local regulatory
agencies to identify particulate source impacts.
Volume I (PB82-187337) provides an overview of Re-
ceptor Model Applications, while Volume II focuses on
the Chemical Mass Balance technique, model theory
and input requirements. Case studies of applications in
control strategies development are presented. Pro-
gram design, ambient and source testing consider-
ations, the use of receptor models in validating disper-
sion models and other potential application are dis-
cussed. This document is intended to provide those re-
sponsible for the development of particulate control
strategies, airshed management and source impact
assessment with new information on the Chemical
Mass Balance method.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Mathematical
models. Mass, Aerosols, Sources, Air pollution control,
State government
PB82-187824 PC E99
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
The Standwd Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto-
inetsr.
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Apr82,387p^>3v
Set includes PB82-187832 through PB82-187857.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring and
Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
No abstract available.
PB82-187832 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
The Standard Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto-
meter. Part I: Functional Specifications,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Dennis P. Ryan. Apr 82,57p* EPA-600/4-82-017A
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 2, PB82-187840.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
187824.
This document contains a project definition, a set of
functional requirements, arid a functional design for
the automation of flameless atomic absorption (AA)
Spectrophotometers. The system is a real-time data
acquisition system with 'on line' data reduction, quality
control and report generation. The system will auto-
mate single or double beam instruments, with or with-
out background correction, and with or without auto-
mated sample changers. The data reduction mode of
calculation will be method of standard calibrations.
Sample tracking and laboratory data management are
integral parts of the system due to direct communica-
tion links between the instrument processor and the
SFC processor. Sample backlogs from the SFC proc-
essor are accessed by the instalment programs for run
initialization. Finished data from the instrument pro-
gram is approved and transferred to the SFC data
base. Two related publications are 'The Standard Cali-
bration Instrument Automation System for the Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer Part II - User's Guide'
and The Standard Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Part III - Program Documentation.'
Keywords: 'Spactrophotometers, Computer program-
ming, Minicomputers, Calibrating, Laboratory equip-
ment Water analysis, 'Flameless atomic absorption
analysis, 'Water pollution detection, Nova-840 com-
puters.
PB82-187840 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH._ ^H_J1 ^^
The Standard CaflhraUon Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spsctrophoto-
meter. Part II: User's Quids,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Dennis P. Ryan. Apr 82,87p« EPA-600/4-82-O17B
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 1. PB82-187832 and Part 3, PB82-
187857.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
187824.
This publication contains the user's guide to the EPA
Atomic Absorption Instrument Automation System.
This system can receive lists of samples from the
Sample File Control System and return the measured
concentrations to that system. It is capable of interfac-
ing with a number of commercially available atomic ab-
sorption instruments. It incorporates the following
major features: (1) multi-point calibration using first
second, or third degree regression or linear interpola-
tion, (2) timely quality control assessments for spiked
samples, duplicates, laboratory control standards, rea-
gent blanks, and instrument check standards, (3) rea-
gent blank subtraction, and (4) plotting of calibration
curves and raw data peaks. The programs of this
system are written in Data General Extended BASIC,
Revision 4.3, as enhanced for multi-user, real-time
data acquisition. They run in a Data General Nova 840
minicomputer under the operating system RDOS, Re-
vision 6.2. This document contains detailed descrip-
tions and examples of the features of the system, as
they appear to the user. Two related publications are
'The Standard Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Part I - Functional Specifications' and 'Trie Standard
Calibration Instrument Automation System for the
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Part III - Pro-
gram Documentation.'
Keywords: 'Spectrophotometers, Computer program-
ming, Minicomputers, Calibrating, Laboratory equip-
ment, Water analysis, 'Flameless atomic absorption
analysis, 'Water pollution detection, Nova-840 com-
puters.
PB82-187857 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
The Standard Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto-
meter. Part III: Program Documentation,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Dennis P. Ryan, and Gregoiy S. Roth. Apr 82,243p*
EPA-600/4-82-017C
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 2, PB82-187840.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
187824.
This report contains complete documentation for the
15 programs and 11 data files of the EPA Atomic Ab-
sorption Instrument Automation System. The system
incorporates the following major features: (1) multi-
point calibration usjng first second, or third degree re-
gression or linear interpolation, (2) timely quality con-
trol assessments for spiked samples, duplicates, labo-
ratory control standards, reagent blanks, and instru-
ment check standards, (3) reagent blank subtraction,
and (4) plotting of calibration curves and raw data
peaks. The programs of this system are written in Data
General Extended BASIC, Revision 4.3, as enhanced
for multi-user, real-time data acquisition. They run in a
Data General Nova 840 minicomputer under the oper-
ating system RDOS, Revision 6.2. In this document
there is a functional description, a symbol definitions
table, a functional flowchart a program listing, and a
symbol cross reference table tor each program. The
structure of every data file is also detailed. Two related
publications are The Standard Calibration Instrument
Automation System for the Atomic Absorption Spec-
trophotometer Part I - Functional Specifications' and
'The Standard Calibration Instrument Automation
System for the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Part II-User's Guide.1
Keywords: 'Spectrophotometers, Computer program-
ming, Minicomputers, Calibrating, Laboratory equip-
ment Water analysis, * Flameless atomic absorption
analysis, 'Water pollution detection, Nova-840 com-
puters, Solid wastes.
PB82-186012 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fiscal Year 1980 Summary Report of NOAA Mete-
orology Laboratory Support to the Environmental
Protection Agency. Technical memo.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD. Air Resources Labs.
Herbert J. Vfebrock. Jun 81,49p NOAA-TM-ERL-ARL-
107.NOAA-82021906
The primary research effort was in the development
and evaluation of air quality simulation models using
numerical and physical techniques supported by field
1262 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
studies. Work on the description and modeling of the
planetary boundary layer continued. Major emphasis
was on modeling photochemical oxidant dispersion
and dispersion in complex terrain. In addition, climatic
studies were conducted, including the analyses of the
relationships between pollutant concentrations and
meteorological parameters. A flow visualization field
study of small hill impaction was conducted at Cinder
Cone Butte, Idaho as part of the study of dispersion in
complex terrain. This was complemented by towing
tank studies in the Fluid Modeling Facility. The second
Northeast Regional Oxidant Study field program was
conducted during July-August 1980 to investigate
physical and chemical processes important to long-
range transport of oxidants and oxidant precursors.
Four photochemical air quality models were evaluated
using data for ten carefully selected high ozone days
from the Regional Air Pollution Study in St. Louis. The
European Model for Air Pollution (EURMAP), which
predicts SO2 and SO4 concentrations and deposition
rates as well as interregional sulfur transport, was
adapted for use over eastern North America
(ENAMAP).
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
•Photochemical reactions, Oxidizers, Transport prop-
erties, Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide,
•Air quality.
PB82-188160 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Environmental Impact of Land Use on Water Qual-
ity: Final Report on the Black Creek Project -
Phase 2. Rept. for 1977-1980,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, IN.
Jim B. Morrison, and James E. Lake. May 81,286p
EPA-905/9-81-003
Grant EPA-G-005335
The report is intended to consolidate and update ma-
terials collected during the eight year period, covered
by the Black Creek Project It concentrates primarily on
the years between 1977 and 1980, and represents a
major interim report in the total project. Some of the
subject areas covered are: Water quality, mainte-
nance, best management practices, drainage, algae,
and fishes in a polluted watershed.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution,
Environmental impacts, Sediments, Drainage, Runoff,
Maintenance, Algae, Phosphorus, Suspended sedi-
ments, Soil erosion, Social effect, Farms, Behavior,
Clay soils, Permeability, Fishes, Nitrification, Soil ero-
sion, 'Black Creek project, Agricultural watersheds,
Denrtrifteation.
PB82-188202 PC A11/MF A01
Water Resources Data Louisiana, Water Year
1981. Volume 3: Coastal Louisiana. Water-data
reptl Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Div.
Dec81,230pUSGS/WRD/HD-81/012,USGS/WDR/
LA-3
See also Volume 3, PB82-129305. Prepared in coop-
eration with Louisiana Dept of Transportation and De-
velopment, Baton Rouge.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report, in three vol-
umes, contains records for water discharge at 81
gaging stations (including stage for 76 of these sta-
tions); stage only for 37 gaging stations and 10 lakes;
contents for 1 reservoir water quality for 142 surface-
water stations (including 35 gaging stations), 27 mis-
cellaneous sites, and 10 lakes, and 286 wells; and
water levels for 679 observation wells. Also included
are data for 250 crest-stage and flood-profile partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Louisi-
ana, •Coasts. Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream
flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water
table, Temperature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic
data, Dtscharge(Water), Water levels.
PB8M88251 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Preliminary Assessment of Multiphase Restora-
tion Efforts at Liberty Lake, Washington. Final
rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Civil and
Environmental Engineering.
William H. Funk, Harry L Gibbons, Gary C. Bailey,
Simon Mawson, and Maribeth Gibbons. Mar 82,67p
EPA-600/3-82-005
Grant EPA-R-805604-01-1
Liberty Lake is a 288 ha body of water located in East-
ern Washington. In 1974 an alum treatment of the lake,
aimed at late summer and fall release of phosphorus,
successfully demonstrated the need to control internal
cycling of nutrients (especially phosphorus) as well as
surface and subsurface input. Macrophytes growing in
rich sediments acted as nutrient pumps releasing
phosphorus above the floe layer. This event-as well
as flushing of the bird refuge and marshland to the
south of the lake and continued input of septic tanks--
overcame the alum treatment within three years. The
three-year respite marked the first period in 10 years to
be free of bluegreen algae problems. Long term resto-
ration efforts began in 1978-79 with sewering of the
lake periphery.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution control,
•Liberty Lake, Algae, Nutrients, Restoring, Alums,
Flushing, Aluminum sulfate, Septic tanks. Seepage,
Dredging, Sediments, Runoff, Sewers, Assessments,
Washington(State).
PB82-188293 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1980. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin above Dolo-
res River. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep
80.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Jul 81,404p USGS-WRD-CO-80-2, USGS/WRD/HD-
81-065
See also Volume 1, PB82-188301 and Volume 2,
PB81-213506.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1980 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, 30 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 50 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
163 gaging stations and 300 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Colorado River, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB82-188301 PC A24/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1980. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Dec 81,551 p USGS-WRD-CO-80-1, USGS/WRD/HD-
81-063
See also Volume 2, PB82-188293.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1980 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record tow-flow stations, 30 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 50 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
163 gaging stations and 300 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Missouri River, Arkansas River, Rio Grand
River, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
DischargeO/vater), Water levels.
PB82-188699 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Sulfate and Particulate Emissions from In-Use
Catalyst Vehicles: Regulated/Unregulated Emis-
sions and Fuel Economy. Final rept.,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
R. E. Gibbs, G. P. Wotzak, S. M. Byer, and N. P. Kolak.
Dec 79,123p EPA-600/9-79-047
Grant EPA-R-803520-01
An emissions and fuel economy study of 56 catalyst
cars in consumer use and maintenance has been per-
formed by repeated testing of the cars over a two and
one-half year period. This report summarizes analyses
of the data base, and includes results on idle CO
levels, mass emissions of HC, CO, NOx, sulfate, SO2
and total paniculate; total paniculate elemental analy-
ses, catalyst activity, and fuel economy. Test cycles
used were the 1975 FTP, one-hour 50 mph cruise,
Congested Freeway Driving Schedule, Highway Fuel
Economy Test, and idle, 30 and 50 mph cruise for cat-
alyst activity tests. Fuel economy data for over-trie-
road driving are also presented from on-board totaliz-
ing fuel and engine hour meters on each car. Idle CO
indicative of maladjusted carburetors (greater than
1 %) was found to correlate with FTP CO emissions,
purge of stored sulfur in the form of SO2 from cata-
lysts, and decreases in catalyst activity at idle in com-
parison to 30(2) and 50 mph activity results. Particulate
sulfur emissions accounted for only 3.7% of fuel sulfur
for the 256 CFDS tests in the data base. Over-the-road
fuel economy was most closely represented by the
FTP (city) value.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Automobiles, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Catalytic converters, Cata-
lysts, Maintenance, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Sulfates,
Regulations, Fuel consumption, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB82-188830 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Offics of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Smoke Management - A Workbook for Balancing
Air Quality and Land Management Goals. Final
rept.
Forest Service, Washington, DC.
10 Jan 82,125p* EPA-450/2-82-001
A process is given for balancing air quality and land
management goals through smoke management. The
process has application wherever land management
open burning has the potential to affect air quality, or
wherever air quality restrictions may affect the use of
fire as a land management practice. Primary focus of
the process is upon confirmation of related public and
technical issues, then upon developing issue-resolving
criteria. This leads to development and evaluation of
alternatives. Two are emphasized. One is increased
utilization of residues in place of burning. The other
emphasized alternative is scheduling of open burning
to meet conditions specified for maintaining downwind
concentrations of emissions to acceptable levels.
Scheduling may also be employed to favor visibility
protection and enhancement. Process supporting
technical appendices cover development and evalua-
tion of a smoke management program, predicting
downwind concentrations, and determining visibility
protection needs. Selected references and a glossary
are provided.
Keywords: 'Smoke, Substitutes, Air pollution, Utiliza-
tion, Visibility, Combustion, 'Air quality, "Land man-
agement, Waste recycling.
PB82-188913 PC A03/MF A01
Dependence of Nephelometer Scattering Coeffi-
cients on Relative Humidity: Fronts, Nocturnal
Disturbance, and Wood Smoke,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
George W. Griffing. 1981,36p EPA-600/3-82-006
The dependence of the nephelometer scattering coef-
ficient of atmospheric air on the relative humidity at the
RTP is discussed for four different meteorological ex-
amples. These examples feature (1) the passage of a
low pressure system with thunderstorms, (2) the pas-
sage of a cold, dry front, (3) a nocturnal weather dis-
December 1983 1263
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
turbance due to an unknown source, and (4) wood
smoke aerosols from burning tree piles. Nephelometer
scattering coefficient data were obtained by the use of
two nephelometers. One nephelometer was operated
at the ambient outside relative humidity and the other
nephelometer at a different relative humidity. Using
this operational mode of data acquisition, qualitative
temporal information was deduced on the variations of
aerosol size and number density as various meteoro-
logical parameters vary. The temporal trend of the visi-
bility is also discussed for each example.
Keywords: 'Nephelometers, "Humidity, *Air pollution.
Aerosols, Visibility, Data acquisition, Density(Mass/
volume), Wood, Scattering coefficients.
PB82-189143 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Annual Nutrient Cycles in a Marine Microcosm,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
Michael E. Q. Pilson, Candace A. Oviatt, and Scott W.
Nixon. Feb82,28p EPA-600/D-82-216,, ERLN-X22
Contract EPA-CR-80-7795
Pub. in Microcosms in Ecological Research, Symposi-
um Series 52 (CONF-781101) 1980, p753-778.
Concentrations of ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, phos-
phate, and silicate measured in microcosms at weekly
intervals during one full year of operation are com-
pared with concurrent data from adjacent Narragan-
sett Bay and with data from a year-long survey of the
bay taken in 1972-1973. The major features of the
annual cycles for each nutrient in the bay were reflect-
ed in observations from nine microcosm tanks. This in-
dicates that the forces driving the cycles in the bay
must have counter-parts in the microcosms and that
the general features of chemical cycling were similar.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Primary biological productivity,
'Narragansett Bay, Ecology, Ammonia, Inorganic ni-
trates. Inorganic phosphates, Inorganic silicates,
Concentratk>n(Composr&on), Periodic variations, Com-
parison, Abundance, Plankton, Tanks(Containers),
Laboratories, Rhode Island, Reprints, 'Microcosm,
Ecosystems.
PB82-189523 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Potynuctear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cellular
ProBferatrve Disorders in Bivalve Molluscs from
Oregon Estuaries,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept of General Sci-
ence.
Michael C. Mix Mar 82,61 p EPA-600/4-82-026
Grant EPA-R-806224
Indigenous populations of economically important bi-
valve molluscs were used as monitors for detecting
and quantifying environmental PNAH, including 11
compounds classified as carcinogens, 11 EPA Priority
Pollutants and 11 Toxic Pollutants. Baseline levels of
PNAH were determined during a two-year period for
mussels (Mytilus edulis), dams (Mytilus arenaria and
T. capax) and oysters (C. gkjas) from different sites,
ranging from relatively pristine to moderately polluted,
in Yaquina, Coos and Tillamook Bays, Oregon. Total
concentrations of 15 unsubstituted PNAH were 30 to
60 micrograms/kg in shellfish from uncontaminated
waters to greater than 1000 mtcrograms/kg in those
from sites classified as contaminated. A major effort
was made to determine and evaluate certain relation-
ships between PNAH and their concentrations in shell-
fish. Studies were conducted to: determine the effects
of depuration of PNAH concentrations; identify sea-
sonal differences in PNAH concentrations; and meas-
ure BAP uptake and elimination. Preliminary studies in-
dicated that mussels may possess a limited ability to
metabolize BAP. Multiple regression and multiple cor-
rection techniques were used to identify and evaluate
interrelationships between PNAH. Certain relation-
ships may be useful for predictive purposes in evaluat-
ing environmental PNAH. The data from these studies
indicate that it may be possible to identify and measure
significant variables to assess total PNAH.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mollusca, 'Indicator species,
'Aromatic porycydic hydrocarbons, Oregon, Estu-
aries, Carcinogens, Mussels, dams. Oysters, Shell-
fish, Concentration(Composition), Water pollution,
BJoindtcators, Mytilus edulis, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxic substances.
PB82-189531 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Proceedings of a Regional Economic Modeling
Workshop Held at McLean, Virginia on October
15-16,1979.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Oct 79,241 p EPA-600/9-80-037
Contract EPA-68-01-5051
Both EPA and DOE have faced in recent years the in-
creased need to address questions of geographic dis-
tribution of economic and energy-related activity and
associated environmental pollution releases at an in-
creasingly disaggregated level of detail. The Strategic
Environmental Assessment System (SEAS) has been
one modeling tool through which both EPA and DOE
have attempted to meet such needs. The Regional
Economic Modeling Workshop was conceived to bring
together experts in regional and economic modeling,
users of SEAS, SEAS developers and operators, and
other interested parties to discuss possible methods
for improving the regional projection capabilities and to
solicit the group's recommendations. This volume doc-
uments the results of the workshop and is intended to
serve as a reference source in the design and imple-
mentation of an improved regional projection capability
based on the workshop recommendations.
Keywords: 'Economic models, 'Meetings, 'Regions,
Regional planning, Pollution, Energy, Geographical
distribution, SEAS system.
PB82-189549 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Receptor Models Relating Ambient Suspended
Paniculate Matter to Sources. Final rept. Nov 79-
SepBO,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
John G. Watson. Mar 81,10Op EPA/600/2-81 /039
Contract EPA-68-02-2542
The report describes the use of receptor models to de-
termine the source contributions to ambient paniculate
matter loadings at sampling sites, based on common
properties between sources and receptors. (This is in
contrast to using source models which start with emis-
sion rates and meteorological measurements to pre-
dict ambient concentrations). Three generic receptor
models have been identified: chemical mass balance,
multivariate, and microscopial identification. Each has
certain requirements for input data to provide a specif-
ic output An approach that combined receptor and
source models, source/receptor model hybridization,
has also been proposed, but it needs further study.
The input to receptor models is obtained from ambient
sampling, source sampling, and sample analysis. The
design of the experiment is important in obtaining the
most information for the least cost Sampling sched-
ule, sample duration, and particle sizing are part of the
ambient sampling design. Analysis for elements, ions,
carbon, and organic and inorganic compounds is in-
cluded in the sample analysis design. Which sources
to sample and now to sample them are part of the
source sampling design.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Mathematical
models. Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Aero-
sols, Sources, Field tests.
PB82-189556 PC A05/MF A01
Suspended Paniculate Matter. A Report to Con-
gress. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Lucile F. Adamson, and Robert M. Bruce. Feb 79, B7p
EPA-600/9-79-006
This report is in response to Section 403(a)(1) of the
Clean Air Act as Amended August 1977. The report
covers: (1) a review of the physical and chemical char-
acteristics of airborne particles (source, composition,
and sampling site as related to size); (2) a review of the
effects of particulate matter on public welfare (ecologi-
cal, materials, atmospheric, aesthetic); (3) the status of
human exposure to airborne particles as related to
source; and (4) a review of the effects of airborne parti-
cles on human health (lung deposition, chemical com-
position, interactions, and potentiating conditions). Al-
though there is a wide divergence of opinion among
experts and scientific groups with respect to the issues
of particulates (cf. Appendix A), the following can be
concluded from the available information: (1) High
levels of airborne particles have been associated with
episodes of high pollution during the past especially in
the United Kingdom and the United States. (2) Al-
though pollution levels have declined in many U.S. lo-
calities in recent decades, there is still need for im-
provement in several of our cities. (3) Additional re-
search is needed to improve the scientific basis for
future airborne particle standards as outlined by EPA
(cf. Dr. Cortest in the Culver Pilot Study of Paniculate
Matter).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Ecology, Public
health, Forecasting, Standards, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Clean air act amendments of
1977.
PB82-189572 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Screening Procedure for the Impacts of Air Pol-
lution Sources on Plants, Soils, and Animals. Final
rept,
Araonne National Lab., IL
A. E. Smith, and J. B. Levenson. Dec 80,119p EPA-
450/2-81-078
Section 165 of the Dean Air Act requires preconstruc-
tion review of major emitting facilities to provide for the
prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) and
charges Federal Land Managers (FLMs) with an af-
firmative responsibility to protect the air quality-related
values of Class I areas. Regulations implementing
these provisions require an analysis of the impairment
to visibility, soils, and vegetation (52.21 (o)). The infor-
mation and screening procedure presented here pro-
vide interim guidance: (1) to aid in determining whether
emissions are significant or whether there are signifi-
cant air quality impacts under Section 52.21 (o), and (2)
to aid in flagging sources which should be brought to
the attention of an FLM under Section 52.21 (p). Im-
pacts on vegetation and soils are the principal areas
addressed by the procedure which thus takes a limited
view of the possibly broad scope of air quality-related
values. A selected review of impacts on fauna has also
been included and the odor potential of regulated pol-
lutants is addressed. This procedure is intended for
use by air quality engineers and is not a manual for the
assessment of impacts on plants, soils, and other air
quality-related values such as would be suitable for an
ecologist.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental impacts,
Sources, Plants(Botany), Soils, Animals, Visibility,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composrtion), 'Air qual-
ity, Clean air act Prevention of significant deteriora-
tion, Federal land managers.
PB82-189648 PC A03/MF A01
A Review of Aquatic Habitat Assessment Meth-
ods. RepL for Dec 79-Dec 81,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Gerald S. Schuytema. Mar 82,41 p EPA-600/3-82-002
Approximately 30 aquatic habitat assessment tech-
niques were summarized and compared to provide in-
formation to watershed and nonpoint pollution control
managers. Most methods have been developed by
Federal or state agencies and have had greatest appli-
cation in the western United States. They are classified
according to a number of mutually interacting catego-
ries such as impact assessment inventory and general
description, salmonid or non-salmonid streams, par-
ticular fish species orientation, channel stability, tran-
sect and btotic indices. Many of the methods have de-
veloped indices or numerical values which can be
used for comparisons or evaluation.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Assessments, Environmental impacts, Fishes,
Turbidity, Inventories, Salmon, Fishes, Channel im-
provements, Indicator species, Substrates, Inverte-
brates, Vegetation, Blocking, Dams, Spillways,
Streams, Evaluation, 'Habitats.
PB82-189655 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
1264 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Engineering Assessment of Hot-Add Treatment
of Municipal Sludge for Heavy Metals Removal.
Final rept Nov 71-Nov 80.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, inc., Boston, MA.
Jan 82,54p EPA-600/2-82-014
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
The hot-acid method lor treating sludge was devel-
oped by the Walden Division of Abcor, Inc., to remove
heavy metals from municipal wastewater sludge. In-
vestigations by Walden have demonstrated the de-
grees to which heavy metals are solubilized. Sulfuric
acid dosage at about 20 to 30 percent of the sludge
dry solids followed by heating to 95C for a 30-minute
reaction time are the process design parameters. The
process is effective in solubilizing about 50 to 90 per-
cent of the concentration of the selected heavy
metals. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic con-
tents of sludge are also solubilized to varying degrees.
The acid-treated sludge was found to be essentially
pathogen-free. Dewatering of the treated sludge was
shown to be poor. It was determined that untreated
sludge requires about four times as much land as hot-
acid treated sludge for land application, based on the
EPA stipulated cadmium application rate. Hot-acid
treatment would not reduce the sludge's metal levels
below the USDA recommended guidelines for land ap-
plication. However, hot-acid treatment clearly im-
proved marketability of a high metals sludge. The hot-
acid treatment of sludge would cost about $440 per
ton for a 2-mgd waste-water treatment plant and about
$140 per ton for a 20-mgd plant. Although hot-acid
treatment is costly when compared to conventional
sludge treatment practices, its cost effectiveness may
be quite good when compared to other systems aimed
at controlling the heavy metal contents of sludge.
Keywords: Assessments, Dewatering, Technology,
Design, Performance evaluation, Economic analysis,
Solubility, 'Sludge treatment, "Sewage sludge,
*Heavy metals, 'Hot add treatment, Solid wastes.
PB82-189663 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH
Effects of Surface Properties of Collectors on the
Removal of Charged and Uncharged Particles
from Aerosol Suspensions. Final rept Nov 80-Sep
81.
Advanced Environmental Control Technology Re-
search Center, Urbana, IL
K. H. Leong, J. J. Stukel, and P. K. Hopke. Sep 81,70p
EPA-600/7-82-006
The literature on the adhesion of particles impacting
on solid and liquid collectors was reviewed. Different
forces or mechanisms affecting collision and adhesion
of particles with collectors were described. Good quali-
tative agreement existed between experiment and
theory in the case of solid collectors, although the
presence of and variation in surface asperities pre-
vented good quantitative agreement For liquid collec-
tors, disagreements both theoretical and experimental
abounded in the literature on the ability of such collec-
tors to collect non or partially wettabte particles. The
use of charge on drops in paniculate control devices
has been shown to greatly enhance the collection of
fine particles. However, data indicate that too high a
charge may tead to a decrease in efficiencies due to
Rayteigh instability of the drops and charge exchange
between particles and drops. A program of experimen-
tal and modelling studies is proposed to resolve these
difficulties in order to be able to optimize control of par-
ticulate emissions for fine particles.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Particles, Environ-
mental impacts, Collators, Performance evaluation,
Adhesion, Surfaces.
PB82-189978 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Evaluation of the Private Applicator Pesticide
Training and Certification Program: A Five State
Study. Final rept,
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Laura R. Studen, and Jonathan D. Hodgdon. 1981,
448p
Contract EQ9AC014
In 1972, the federal pesticide program was significant-
ly revised through the enactment of amendments to
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentjcide
Act of 1947 (FIFRA). Under FIFRA, as amended in
1975 and 1978, there exists a complementary regula-
tory program to the pesticide registration procedure,
i.e., a system of federal and state certification for com-
mercial and private applicators 'restricted use pesti-
cides'. Essential features of this certification proce-
dure, for both private and commercial applicators, in-
clude designation of a state administrative agency to
establish applicator certification standards and for the
Cooperative Extension Service to cooperatively design
instructional manuals in a broad range of areas, includ-
ing pest identification, pesticide selection and applica-
tion, dissemination of pest management techniques,
and discussion of environmental, legal, and safety
issues. This study is focused exclusively on the private
pesticide applicator training and certification programs
in five states: Iowa, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, New
York, and Georgia.
Keywords: 'Specialized training, 'Pesticides, Behav-
ior, Surveys, Instructional materials, Characteristics,
Licensing, Evaluation.
PB82-190190 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Los
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. Summary of
Issues.
Los Angeles City Dept. of Public Works, CA.
Sep 77,18p
See also PB82-190257. Prepared in cooperation with
California State Water Resources Control Board, Sac-
ramento and Henningson, Durham and Richardson,
Inc., Santa Barbara, CA.
The City presently operates one large treatment facili-
ty-the Hyperion Treatment Plant The treated effluent
is discharged into Santa Monica Bay through a 5-mile
outfall pipe. The solids removed in treatment (sludge)
are also discharged into Santa Monica Bay through a
7-mile outfall pipe. Since the solids removed in treat-
ment (sludge) are also discharged, there is a contro-
versy as to whether the current treatment system re-
sults in a net improvement to marine water quality. The
Environmental Impact Statement examines in consid-
erable detail the existing impacts of these discharges
on the marine environment.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft. Outfall sewers,
Santa Monica Bay, Water pollution, Sediments, Aquat-
ic animals, Toxteity, Chlorohydrocarbons, Metals,
Fishes, Air pollution, Animal diseases, Algae, Califor-
nia, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Los Angeles(Califomia),
Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-190208 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Los
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. General Sum-
Los Angeles City Dept of Public Works, CA.
Sep 77,211p
See also PB82-190190.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white.
The report reviews the Draft Environmental Impact
Statement/Environmental Impact Report f9r the City
of Los Angeles Wastewater Treatment Facilities Plan.
The EIS/EIR summary and full report present the envi-
ronmental, economic and social effects of wastewater
facility planning decisions which will affect over 3.4 mil-
lion persons living in the City of Los Angeles and con-
tract cities, and involve capital costs in excess of 300
million dollars over the next five years.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sludge treatment 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft. Sewers, Over-
flows, Construction, Aquatic animals, Water pollution.
Soil erosion, Ocean environments, Traffic, Air quality,
California, Los Angeles(Califomia), Sewage treatment
plants, Ocean waste disposal. Secondary sewage
treatment
PB82-190216 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Loa
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. Chapters I
and II.
Los Angeles City Dept of Public Works, CA.
Sep77,479p
See also PB82-190208.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white.
This Environmental Impact Statement presents infor-
mation to the public to assist in the decisionmaking
process; it highlights the environmentally sensitive
areas in the City of Los Angeles and its metropolitan
region; it defines the role that wastewater treatment al-
ternatives play in changing the existing environment of
these areas; it evaluates the potential for water recla-
mation and conservation. The major environmental
issues identified are: total sewage system capacity, lo-
cation, ocean discharge, and reclamation.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Waste water
reuse, Outfall sewers, Santa Monica Bay, Water pollu-
tion, Marine geology, Transportation, Marine biology,
Construction, Land use, Water reclamation, History,
Air pollution. Population growth, California, 'Ocean
waste disposal, 'Los Angeles(California), Sewage
treatment plants, Secondary sewage treatment.
PB82-190224 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Los
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. Chapters III,
IV, V, and VI.
Los Angeles City Dept. of Public Works, CA.
Sep77,483p
See also PB82-190216.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white.
The study is a review of the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for
the City of Los Angeles Wastewater Treatment Facili-
ties Plan. The EIS/EIR summary and full report
present the environmental, economic and social ef-
fects of wastewater facility planning decisions which
will affect over 3.4 million persons living in the City of
Los Angeles. The main purpose of this document is to
publicize the long range environmental and social ef-
fects of wastewater facility alternatives so that citizens
and governmental agencies can comment and ex-
press their concerns and preferences.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Oceanographic
data, Outfall sewers, Santa Monica Bay, Water pollu-
tion, Sediments, Aquatic animals, Marine geology,
Birds Marine biology, Bacteria, Metals, Fishes, Air pol-
lution, Animal diseases, Algae, California, 'Ocean
waste disposal, 'Los Angeles(Califomia), Sewage
treatment plants.
PB82-190232 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
DraftEnvironmenUI Impact Statement City of Los
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. Chapters VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII.
Los Angeles City Dept. of Public Works, CA.
Sep 77,464p
See also PB82-190224.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Color illustrations reproduced in black
and white.
This Environmental Impact Statement presents infor-
mation to the public to assist in the decisionmaking
process; it highlights the environmentally sensitive
areas in the City of Los Angeles and its metropolitan
region- it defines the role that wastewater treatment al-
ternatives play in changing the existing environment of
these areas; it evaluates the potential for water recla-
mation and conservation; evaluates and recommends
a list of feasible alternatives ranked according to their
environmental impacts, either positive or negative; and
suggests mrtigative measures that will allow mainte-
nance of water quality.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Combined
sewers, Outfall sewers, Santa Monica Bay, Water pol-
lution Sediments, Aquatic animals, Water reclamation,
Construction, Metals, Fishes, Air pollution, Algae, Cali-
fornia, 'Ocean waste disposal, Los
AngelesfCalifomia), Sewage treatment plants.
December 1983 1265
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-190240 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Los
Angeles Wastewater Facilities Plan. Addenda I
and II.
Los Angetes City Dept of Public Works, CA.
Sep 77, 243p
See also PB82-190232.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
The study is a review of the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report for
the City of Los Angeles Wastewater Treatment Facili-
ties Plan. The EIS/EIR summary and full report
present the environmental, economic and social ef-
fects of wastewater facility planning decisions which
will affect over 3.4 million persons Irving in the City of
Los Angeles and contract cities. The main purpose of
this document is to publicize the long range environ-
mentaJ and social effects of wastewater facility alter-
natives so that citizens and governmental agencies
can comment and express their concerns and prefer-
ences.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage disposal, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Waste water,
Outfall sewers, Santa Monica Bay, Water quality man-
agement, Land use. Cost analysis, Water reclamation,
Financial management, Water distribution, Distribution
systems, Energy, Water consumption, California,
'Ocean waste disposal, "Los Angeles(Calrtomia),
Sewage treatment plants, Alternative planning.
PB82-190257 PC AOe/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement City of Lot
Angeles Wastewater FacHrttes Plan. Addendum 3:
Interim Sludge Processing and Disposal.
Los Angeles City Dept of Public Works, CA.
Sep 77,157p
See also PB82-190240.
This Environmental Impact Statement Addendum
evaluates the proposed Los Angeles City Interim
Sludge Project, a method for disposal of Los Angeles
City's sewage sludge. The proposed project would in-
clude construction, purchase and installation of equip-
ment for. Centrtfuging of sludge to remove most of the
water, yielding a sludge cake with about 20% solids.
Trucking of low moisture sludge to a sanitary landfill for
disposal.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Water pollution,
Sludge drying. Noise pollution. Dust, Odors, Earthfills,
Air quality, Construction, Social effect Waste water
use, Forest land. Materials handling, California, 'Los
Angetes(CaJifomia), Sewage treatment plants, Land
application.
PB82-1903T2 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Pennsylvania, Water
Year 1980. Volume 1. Delaware River Basin. Water-
data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Hanisburg, PA. Water Resources
Div.
Dec 81, 352p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /011, USGS-WDR-
PA-SO-1
See also PB-261 436. Prepared in cooperation with
Permsytvania Dept of Environmental Resources, and
Philadelphia Water Dept
Water resources data for the 1980 water year for
Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and
water quality of streams; elevation and contents of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water
wefts. This volume contains records for water dis-
charge at 73 gaging stations; elevation and contents at
11 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 39 gaging sta-
tions; and water levels at 16 observation wefts.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Pennsyl-
vania, Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream flow, Row
rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
DischargeOVater), Water levels.
Process Design and Cost Estimating Algorithms
for the Computer Assisted Procedure for Design
and Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Systems
(CAPDET). Final rept,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Roy W. Harris, M. John Cullinane, Jr., and Paul T. Sun.
Jan 82,729p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Program Op-
erations. Errata sheet inserted.
The overall goal of CAPDET is to provide accurate
planning level cost estimates. This document provides
technical information on the design, quantities, and
cost algorithms contained within the CAPDET comput-
er program. This screening tool is capable of providing
a methodology whereby a large number of alternative
wastewater treatment systems, each capable of meet-
ing specified affluent criteria, can be simultaneously
ranked on the basis of cost-effectiveness. This may be
of interest to all persons concerned with the planning,
design and cost estimating associated with
wastewater treatment plants. CAPDET isn't designed
as a process simulation model.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates, 'Sewage treatment
'Urban planning, Design, Activated sludge process,
Computer programming, Specifications, Aeration, Fil-
tration, Coagulation, Clarification, Alums, Chlonnation,
Digestion(Decomposition), Flotation, Nitrification,
Sludge drying, Trickling filters. Septic tanks, Ion ex-
changing, Computer aided design, CAPDET computer
program, Alternative planning, Rotating disc process.
PB82-190554 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Determination of an Empirically Derived IP/TSP
Relationship. Final rept. Aug 80-Feb 81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
A. Carl Nelson, Jr., and Luke Wijnberg. Apr 82,70p
EPA-600/4-82-034
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
The primary objective of this study was to provide re-
searchers with statistical methodology for comparing
data on mhalable participate (IP) and on the IP/TSP
ratios from various sites, predicting IP concentration as
a function of total suspended paniculate (TSP) con-
centration, and detecting potential outliers. Eleven
sites were selected for study based on the complete-
ness of both IP and TSP data The frequency distribu-
tions of IP and TSP data indicate that the logoormaJ
distribution provides a better approximation than the
normal distribution. No attempt is made to derive nu-
merical results for all the available IP/TSP data be-
cause the 11 sites are not a random selection from a
population of sites. The data from these 11 sites were
compared graphically by means of box plots showing
the dispersion of the date, the median value, and spec-
ified percentiles. One of the major results was the
study of relationships between the measurements of
IP and TSP. Two forms of this relationship were com-
pared, a simple linear one and a first order approxima-
tion to a model relating the logarithms of IP and TSP.
The linear relationship was considered to be satisfac-
tory for most applications; however, the second model
form indicates that the simple ratio prediction (i.e.,
using a constant ratio of IP/TSP over all values of
TSP) may not be appropriate for all TSP. Simple statis-
tical test procedures are given for comparing the aver-
age ratios at two or more sites (or for two or more
years at a single test site), detecting outlying observa-
tions, and for selecting IP monitoring sites based on
available TSP data and a proposed standard for IP.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring,
Comparison, Lognormal distribution functions, Out-
liers.
PB82-190455 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
PB82-191081 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation
System. Part I - Functional Specifications,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Jonathan E. Kopke. Apr 82,49p' EPA-600/4-81-064
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
This document contains the project definition, the
functional requirements, and the functional design for
a proposed computer automation system for the con-
tinuous flow analyzer. The proposed system will ac-
complish real-time data acquisition, calibration, base-
line correction, calculation of concentrations, dilution
and remeasurement of offscale samples, on-line qual-
ity control checks, reagent blank subtraction, plotting
of calibration curves and raw data, and bidirectional
communication with the Sample File Control System.
This proposed automation system will facilitate routine
measurement of large numbers of samples, while pro-
viding the flexibility needed for a research environ-
ment. Two related publications are titled. The Continu-
ous Flow Analyzer Automation System, Part II - User's
Guide,' and The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automa-
tion System, Part III - Program Documentation'.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment Sampling, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Computer programs,
Water pollution, 'Water quality, Computer applica-
tions.
PB82-191990 CP T02
Notification of Hazardous Substance Sites (Sec-
tion 103(c)). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Barbara Jarvis, and James Kersey. Jan 82, mag tape
EPA/DF-82/014
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Character set
restricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9,1981,
of the existence of sites where hazardous substances
from industries, businesses, governments, hospitals,
and other sources are stored, treated, or disposed of.
This magnetic tape contains records of 8664 notifica-
tions of hazardous substance sites that were reported
as of the notification deadline date, (June 9,1981). For
each notification the tape summarizes the location,
person required to notify, amount and type of any haz-
ardous substance to be found, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous substances on the site
reported. The notifications were compiled to help EPA
and State and local governments remedy problems
created by uncontrolled hazardous substance dispos-
al. The tape is sequenced alphabetically by state and
site name within each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Sites, Comprehensive environmental
response compensation and liability act of 1980.
PB82-192097 PC A05/MF A01
American Boiler Manufacturers Association, Arlington,
VA.
Field Tests of Industrial Stoker Coal-Fired Boilers
for Emissions Control and Efficiency Improve-
ment Sites L1-L7 (Data Supplement). Rept for Feb
78-May 79,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
J. W. Davis, and H. K. Owens. Apr 81,81 p EPA-600/7-
81-020B
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC. Div. of Power Systems. See
alsoPB81-196628.
The supplement is a compilation of test data present-
ed in greater detail than was practical in the related
final technical report (PB81 -196628. It provides details
to researchers who are interested in performing their
own analyses. The final technical report gives objec-
tives; describes facilities tested, coals fired, and test
equipment; outlines procedures; and provides interpre-
tations and conclusions. The supplement contains
panel board data for each test, detailed particulate
data, and particle size distribution data
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Stokers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Particle size
distribution, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), Design criteria
PB82-192444 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Lobster Behavior and Chemoreceptlon: SubJethal
Effects of Number 2 Fuel OIL Final rept,
Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA.
1266 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jelle Atema, Elisa B. Kamofsky, Susan Oleszko-Szuts,
and Bruce Bryant. Apr 82,71 p EPA-600/3-82-013,,
ERLN-X37
Grant EPA-R-803833
This research has demonstrated behavioral abnor-
malities and inappropriate responses in lobsters ex-
posed to levels of 0.1-1.0 parts per million (ppm) of oil
in water. Such abnormalities can lead to lack of feed-
ing and population decline; they occur at exposure
levels below those that cause obvious loss of equilibri-
um and coordination, and which eventually lead to
death of the organism. In an attempt to explain the
mechanisms by which the behavior deteriorates, two
topics were examined: interference with normal smell
and taste, and change of motivation. A combination of
neurophysiological and behavioral experiments on
chemoreception were designed to investigate these
topics.
Keywords: 'Lobsters, *Animal behavior, 'Fuel oil, Ex-
posure, Water pollution, Coordination, Deterioration,
Smell, Taste.
PB82-192S35 PCA11/MFA01
Div. of Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
Economics of Ash Disposal at Coal-fired Power
Plants. Final rept. Aug 79-Mar 81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
F. M.Kennedy, A. C. Schroeder, and J. D. Veitch. Oct
81,241pTVA/OP/EDT-81-34, EPA-600/7-81/170
The report gives results of an evaluation of the com-
parative economics of utility ash disposal by five con-
ceptual design variations of ponding and landfill for a
500-MW power plant producing 5 million tons of ash
over the life-of-project. For a basic pond disposal with-
out water reuse, the total capital investment from
hopper collection through 1 -mile sluicing and pond dis-
posal is $/52/kW (1982$). Comparable total system
investment using trucking to a landfill is $/30/kW. (All
disposal site construction costs were fully capitalized
in in both cases; this convention affects the compari-
son of annual revenue requirements). First-year
annual revenue requirements for the ponding system
are 1.85 mills/kWh (1984$); those for the landfill
system are lower (1.66 mills/kWh). On the other hand,
levelized annual revenue requirements are 2.26 and
2.42 mills/kWh, respectively. Disposal site costs are
the major element in all types of disposal and consti-
tuted the major difference in cost between pond and
landfill disposal. Reuse of sluicing water and additional
provisions for the disposal of self-hardening (high cal-
cium oxide) ash added relatively little to costs.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Economic analysis,
'Ashes, Electric power plants, Capitalized costs, Earth
fills, Fly ash, Operating costs, Sites, Ponds, 'Coal fired
power plants, Bottom ash.
PB82-192543 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle, Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Advanced Low-NOx Burner,
Exxon, and Hitachi Zosen DeNOx Processes. Final
reptNov79-Jun81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
J. D. Maxwell, and L R. Humphries. Jul 81,140p TVA/
OP/EDT-81-28, EPA/600/7-81/120
The report is a technical discussion and preliminary
economic evaluation of six NOx control methods:
three at 50% NOx reduction, and three at 90%. The
basecase power plant is a new 500-MW coal-fired unit
emitting 0.6 Ib NO2/million Btu in the flue gas. The
three 50% NOx reduction processes are the EPA-
sponsored advanced low-NOx burner (ALNB), the
Exxon Thermal DeNOx process, and the Hitachi
Zosen process, which have capital investments of
$4.8, $19.7, and $31.4/kW, respectively, and levelized
annual revenue requirements of 0.20, 1.9, and 4.7
mills/kWh, respectively. For 90% NOx reduction, the
ALNB process is combined with the Hitachi Zosen
process, the Exxon process is combined with the Hita-
chi Zosen process, and the Hitachi Zosen process is
used alone. Capita) investment and levelized annual
revenue requirements for these three processes are
$51.8/kW and 6.7 mills/kWh for the ALNB/Hitachi
Zosen process, $64.2/kW and 8.2 mills/kWh for the
Exxon/Hitachi Zosen process, and $50.9/kW and 7.9
mills/kWh for the Hitachi Zosen process alone. The
ALNB, a combustion modification, is the least expen-
sive NOx control method. As expected, the costs for
obtaining high levels of NOx reduction (90%) are sig-
nificantly greater than for more moderate levels (50%).
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Exxon process, Hitachi zosen process.
PB82-192782 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
State and Local Environmental Noise Control:
1980 Survey Report.
National League of Cities, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,130p EPA-550/9-82-409
This report covers public attitude on noise, legislation
and enforcement, State and locaj resources. It pro-
vides excellent background to municipalities interest in
the state-of-the-art in noise abatement control. This
report is an assessment of the principal sources of
State and local noise problems across the country,
and shows what municipalities are doing to abate and
control noise in their own communities.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Law enforcement,
'Public opinion, State government. Local government,
Noise reduction. Questionnaires, Demographic sur-
veys, 'Noise sources, Noise levels.
PB82-193053 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A Review of Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources - Coal Preparation Plants,
TRW Energy Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
Thomas Bibb. Dec 80, 91 p EPA-450/3-80-022
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
This study has reviewed and assessed the need to
revise the new source performance standards (NSPS)
for coal preparation plants. These standards limited
paniculate emissions or opacities from pneumatic coal
cleaning equipment, coal dryers, coal processing and
conveying, coal storage, and coal transfer and loading.
Control device performances have not changed to jus-
tify changing the paniculate standards. Emissions of
SO2 are too small to justify setting standards for this
pollutant. EPA plans to investigate coal storage piles
and unloading stations as unregulated sources of po-
tential paniculate fugitive emissions.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Air pollution control,
Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Equipment, Reviews, Sources, Performance stand-
ards, Industrial plants, *Air pollution abatement, 'New
source performance standards, Stationary sources,
Fugitive emissions.
PB82-193277 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
An Evaluation of Strategies to Control Noise from
Mlniblkes,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Stephen D. Larson, and Donna McCord Dickman. Oct
81,73p EPA-550/9-82-408
Contract EPA-68-01-3952
This report covers a series of potential control strate-
gies for minibike noise which can be used in a metro-
politan jurisdiction. Other jurisdictions would gain in-
sight into their minibike noise problems from reading
this report. These potential strategies include: a curfew
alternative; a specific use area; prohibited use on
public land except recreational areas and on private
lands with permission of the owner; and an exploration
of the possibility of a registration/licensing fee. The
study was made in Montgomery County, Maryland,
which is a large and wealthy suburban area that is part
of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Exploration
of the curfew alternative indicates that it is not a par-
ticularty effective strategy in controlling minibike noise;
parental curfews prevail as minibiker are frequently
early teenagers. Other proposed control methods are
similarly explored. The authors feel that the combina-
tion of strategies explored have resulted in a noise re-
duction for minibikes in the country. The reduction in
minibike noise complaints would, undoubtedly, be
greater if the specific use area strategy had been im-
plemented in Montgomery County. Other jurisdictions
are strongly encouraged to implement this strategy.
The highlight of this study was a minibike rodeo to edu-
cate owner-operators on the operation of minibikes.
Keywords: 'Motorcycles, 'Noise reduction,
Law(Jurisprudence), Law enforcement, Noise pollu-
tion, Suburban areas, Recreational facilities, Public
opinion, Maryland, Minibikes, Mopeds, Montgomery
County(Maryland).
PB82-193681 PC A08/MF A01
National Ambient Noise Survey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Mark M. Hansen. Jan 82,168p* EPA-550/9-82-410
The objectives, methodology, and results of a national
survey of outdoor noise environments in urban resi-
dential areas are discussed. The objectives were to
determine overall noise levels, source contributions,
and patterns of spatial and temporal variation in these
areas, along with the effect of three locational factors
on these parameters. The survey employed a random-
ized site selection procedure, a stratified sampling
strategy, and a multifaceted measurement protocol to
meet these objectives. Results of the survey include a
simple model which predicts Ldn in these areas, pro-
jections of nationwide noise impact, average source
contributions and temporal noise level histories and
average variations in noise level at different locations
around residential units.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise pollution, Site sur-
veys, Diurnal variations, Traffic surveys, Transporta-
tion noise, Aircraft noise, Data acquisition, 'Traffic
noise, 'Noise levels, Noise exposure, Noise sources.
PB82-194036 PC A03/MF A01
The Progress of Regulations to Protect Strato-
spheric Ozone: Report to Congress. Rept for Aug
79-Dec 81.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Feb 82, 32p EPA/560/1 -82-003
See also PB-301 368.
As mandated by Section 155 of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977, EPA has submitted to Congress
in February 1982, a report on the progress of regula-
tion to protect stratospheric ozone covering the period
from August 1979 to December 1981. The report re-
views activities related to the production of strato-
spheric ozone from potential depletion due to emis-
sions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-
depleting substances. Although the 1978 EPA & FDA
regulations prohibited the manufacturing and process-
ing of CFCs for non-essential aerosol uses, anticipated
market growth in some non-aerosol uses may eventu-
ally offset the reductions achieved by the aerosol rule.
In addition to CFCs, other potential ozone depleting
substances are being investigated by EPA and other
agencies. At the international level Japan and tne Eu-
ropean Economic Community have limited CFC-11
and CFC-12 production capacity to present levels
while several nations are assessing the feasibility of re-
ducing emissions from other uses. EPA and other Fed-
eral agencies will continue to monitor and support re-
search to improve our understanding of atmospheric,
health & environmental science of ozone depletion,
technological capabilities and costs for limiting CFC
emissions. Any decision regarding EPA action would
be based on an evaluation of all these factors.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, Strat-
osphere, Aerosols, Monitoring, Forecasting, Chlorine
organic compounds, Fluorine organic compounds,
'Freons, Clean air act amendments of 1977.
PB82-194218 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Proceedings of the National Seminar on Overland
Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater Held
In Dallas, Texas on September 16-18,1980.
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Sep 80,331p* EPA-600/9-81-022
Contract EPA-68032674
See also PB82-194226 thru PB82-194465.
This document comprises the proceedings of the Na-
tional Seminar on Overland Flow Technology for Mu-
nicipal Wastewater sponsored by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, September 16 through 18,
December 1983 1267
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1980, in Dallas, Texas. The study covers topics includ-
ing Federal and State policy and guidance, research
and development solids removal, health aspects,
design, and case studies of overland flow of municipal
wastewater.
Keywords: "Irrigation, 'Sewage treatment, *Muntai-
palrtoes, Meetings, National government, State gov-
ernment. Government policies, Research projects,
Solids, Removal, Design, Public health. Operations,
Waste water reuse, Production, Agriculture, Waste
water, "Overland flow, "Land application.
PB82-194283
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Panel Discussion with State Agency Representa-
r of the State of Mississlp-
tJve* Stephan Bebuige
Mississippi Bureau of Pollution Control, Jackson.
Stephan Belanger. 1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P24-251981.
No abstract available.
PB82-194358
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
The EPA Land Treatment Task Force,
Robert S. Ken Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.
Richard Duty. 1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P183-1841980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194226
(Order as PB82-1 9421 8, PC A15/MF A01)
Overview,
Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Washing-
ton, DC.
Curtis Harlin. 1980, 2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
"
No abstract available.
PB82-194234
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PoHcy and
Guidance on Overland Flow,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Richard E. Thomas. 1 980, 4p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
p5-8 1 980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194242
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
State Policy and Guidance on Overland Flow,
Environmental Technology Consultants, Inc., Spring-
field, VA.
Jon C. Dyer, and Allen Dusautt, Jr. 1980,11p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
09-191980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194259
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Panel Discussion wtth State Agency Representa-
Texas Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.
Harry Pruett.1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Municipal Wastewater
p2O-21 1980.
No abstract available.
PB82-1M267
(Order as PB82-194218. PC A15/MF A01)
Panel Discussion wtth State Agency Repreaenta-
tJvea: Jack Wttherow of the State of Louisiana,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Jack Witherow. 1980,3p
Included in Proceedings of me National Seminar on
Overland How Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
p21-22 1980.
No abstract available.
PBC2-1M275
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A1S/MF A01)
Panel Discussion wtth Slate Agency Representa-
tives: Martin Roy of the State of Arkansas,
Arkansas Dept of Pollution Control and Ecology, Lfflte
Martin Roy. 1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Munopal Wastewater
023-24 1980.
No abstract available.
1268 Vol. 83, No. 26
PB82-1942S1
(Order as PB82-194218. PC A15/MF A01)
Panel Discussion with State Agency Representa-
tives: Charles D. Newton of the State of Oklaho-
ma,
Oklahoma State Dept of Health, Oklahoma City.
Charles D. Newton. 1980,4p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P26-291980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194309
(Order as PB82-194218. PC A15/MF A01)
Developmental Research for Overland Row Tech-
nology,
Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Washing-
ton, DC.
BertE SJedsoe. 1980,21p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technotogy for Municipal Wastewater,
P30-501980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194317
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Overland Flow Treatment of Municipal Lagoon Ef -
fluent
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
C. R. Lee, and R. E. Peters. 1980, 29p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Techonotogy for Municipal
Wastewater, 051-79 1980. ^^
No abstract available.
PB82-194325
(Order as PB82-1 9421 8, PC A15/MF A01)
JJunWpal Wastewater Treatment by Overland
Flow at Panto Valley, Oklahoma,
Oklahoma Urw. Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma
City.
Charles H. Lawrence. 1980, 20p
Inducted in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overtand Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
No abstract available.
PBS2-194333
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Development of a Rational Basis for the Design
andOperatJon of the Overland Flow ProcessT^
California Univ., Davis. Dept of Civil Engineering.
Roberta. Smith. 1980. 72p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Low Technotogy for Municipal Wastewater,
No abstract available.
PB82-194341
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Th«f«*y. South Carotna, Overland Flow
Project,
Ctemson Univ.. SC. Dept of Envronmental Systems
Engineering.
A. Ray Abemathy. 1 980, 1 1 p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
No abstract available.
PB82-194366
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Removal of Organtes by Overland Flow,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hano-
VQT, NH.
C. James Martel, John R. Bouzoun, and Thomas F.
Jenkins. 1980,10p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater
P185-1941980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194374
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Health Aspects of Overtand Flow Treatment,
Technological Resources, Inc., Camden, NJ.
Osman M. Aly. 1980,23p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P195-2181980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194382
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus by Over-
land Flow,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
Rashid A. Khalid, and William H. Patrick, Jr. 1980 27
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
p219-2451980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194390
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Effects of Suspended Solids on Overland Row
Design and Operation,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
Uoyd H. Ketchum, Jr. 1980,5p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P246-2S01980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194408
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Overland Flow Land Treatment A Case History at
Shatter, California,
Metcatf and Eddy, Inc., San Bernardino, CA.
Richard W. Comeille, and Charles E. Pound. 1980,21 p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Row Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P251-2711980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194416
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Case History - Kenbridge, Virginia,
Technological Resources, Inc., Camden, NJ.
D.D.Deemer. 1980,6p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P272-2771980.
No abstract available.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-194424
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Overland Flow System: Vlnton, Louisiana, Case
Study,
Weston (Roy F.), Houston, TX.
Kelly M.Peil. 1980,9p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P278-2861980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194432
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01
Overland Flow System Application at Heavener,
Oklahoma, for Treatment of Domestic
Wastewater,
Afford Engineering Co., Hot Springs, AR.
Jimmie M. Alford. 1980,20p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P287-3061980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194440
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Overland Flow Design Example,
Technological Resources, Inc., Camden, NJ.
D. 0. Deemer. 1980,9p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
P307-3151980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194457
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Summary and Closing Remarks,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Curtis Harlin. 1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
p316-3171980.
No abstract available.
PB82-194465
(Order as PB82-194218, PC A15/MF A01)
Summary and Closing Remarks,
Enviro Control, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Richard E. Thomas. 1980,2p
Included in Proceedings of the National Seminar on
Overland Flow Technology for Municipal Wastewater,
p318-3191980.
No abstract available.
PM2-194564 PC A08/MF A01
Docket Analysis for the Final Noise Emission Reg-
ulation for Buses. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul80,172p EPA/550/9-80-213
This document presents alt comments received from
the public regarding the proposed Bus Noise Emission
Regulation and the Federal government's responses
to each comment The comments include those re-
ceived during the 90-day public comment period and
testimony received at two public hearings. The com-
mends and Agency responses address: health and
welfare benefits of the regulation; but interior noise;
school buses; possible economic effects of the regula-
tion; noise control technology, enforcement of the reg-
ulation; test procedures; Acoustical Assurance Period
and Sound Level Degradation Factor; Transbus; tran-
sit malls; and general comments. The document also
fete: those organizations and individuals that com-
mented during the 90-day public comment period or
testified at the hearings; other organizations and indi-
viduals with which the Agency had contact during the
development of the regulation; and those organiza-
tions and individuals that the Agency will contact in
order to inform the public of the benefits and impacts
of the regulation.
Keywords: *Buses(Vehides), 'Noise pollution, Pas-
senger transportation, Noise reduction, Human factors
engineering, Environmental impacts, Regulations,
'Noise levels.
PB82-194689 PC A03/MF A01
Results: Interlaboratory Comparison - Bloconcen-
tratlon Tests Using Eastern Oysters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Steven C Schimmel, and Richard L. Garnas. Dec 81,
28pEPA-600/4-81-011
The report summarizes the results of an interlabora-
tory comparison for bioconcentration (BCF) testing
using the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and
the organic chemicals pentachlorophenol (PCP),
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and p, p'-DDE. The
means BCFs and high to low BCF ratios (H/L ratio) for
PCP, TCB and p,p'-DDE were 64 (2.4), 168 (2.3) and
52,600 (3.4), respectively. The test method (ASTM
Draft 9) used for all three chemicals and four partici-
pating laboratories resulted in data with a mean high to
low ratio of 2.7, which represents the extreme estimate
of variability. The mean H/L ratios for the time to 90%
depuration for ail three chemicals was 3.3. Considering
the varying degrees of experience between partici-
pants in conducting BCF tests, the wide geographic
distribution between participants, and the different di-
lution water characteristics, the results were very re-
producible.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Water pollution, Comparison,
Oysters, Mollusca, Absorption(Biology), Tests, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, 'Phenol/pentachloro,
'Bioaccumulation, Crassostrea virginica, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Benzene/trichloro, 'DDE in-
secticide.
PB82-194929 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement: Noise Emission
Regulation for Buses. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 80,34p EPA/550/9-80-214
This document presents an assessment of the expect-
ed benefits and impacts of the Final Noise Emission
Regulation for Buses. The information presented in-
cludes a description of the bus noise problem, the stat-
utory basis for the action, a summary of the regulation,
State and local programs complementary to Federal
noise emission standards for buses, the alternatives
considered, the expected benefits of the regulation,
the potential economic effects of the regulation, public
comments on the draft environmental impact state-
ment, and conclusions.
Keywords: *Buses(Vehicles), 'Noise pollution, 'Envi-
ronmental impact statements-final, Noise reduction,
Environmental impacts, Economic factors, Regula-
tions.
PB82-194937 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Evalua-
tion of the Super-Mag Fuel Extender under Sec-
tion 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
H. Anthony Ashby. Jan 82,28p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -82-3
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'Super-Mag Fuel Extender' device
under provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle
Information and Cost Savings Act. On December 10,
1980, the EPA received a written request from the Met-
ropolitan Denver District Attorney's Office of Con-
sumer Fraud and Economic Crime to test at least one
'cow magnet' type of fuel economy device. Following a
survey of devices being marketed, the Metropolitan
Denver District Attorney s Office selected the 'Super-
Mag' device as typical of its category and on April 13,
1981 provided EPA with units tor testing. The EPA
evaluation of the device using three vehicles showed
neither fuel economy nor exhaust emissions were af-
fected by the installation of the 'Super-Mag' device. In
addition, any differences between baseline test results
and results from tests with the device installed were
within the range of normal test variability.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel systems, Carburetors, Magnetic
fields, Performance evaluation, Super-mag devices.
PB82-195058 PC A99/MF A01
Regulatory Analysis for the Final Noise Emission
Regulation for Buses. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 80, 880p* EPA-550/9-80-212
This document presents the technical data and analy-
sis used by EPA in developing the Noise Emission
Regulation for Buses. The information presented in-
cludes a detailed discussion of: buses and the bus in-
dustry; baseline noise levels for current buses; the
noise control technology available; the adverse health
and welfare impacts of bus noise and the potential
benefits of regulation; the expected costs and poten-
tial economic effects of regulation; the measurement
methodology, the enforcement procedures; and exist-
ing State, local, and foreign noise regulations applica-
ble to buses.
Keywords: 'Buses(Vehicles), 'Noise reduction, Urban
areas, Passenger transportation, Noise pollution,
Transportation noise, Regulations, Law enforcement,
Economic analysis, 'Noise levels.
PB82-195272 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation and Control of Sidestreams Generated
In Publicly Owned Treatment Works. Final rept.,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Roy 0. Ball, Michael Harris, and Kevin Deeny. Jan 82,
223p
Contract EPA-68-03-2775
This document provides methodologies and consider-
ations for the evaluation and control of Sidestreams
generated in publicly owned treatment works
(POTW's). The methodologies are structured in algo-
rithms that provide guidance for the determination and
control of the sidestream impacts. The algorithms are
used initially to determine whether one or more Sides-
treams are affecting the primary and secondary main-
stream process performance. Once an impact of the
process performance is determined, additional algo-
rithms are provided that present operational means of
controlling the impact of the sidestream, either at the
mainstream process or at the source of the sides-
tream.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, 'Sewage treatment,
Performance evaluation, Sludge disposal, Materials
handling, Upgrading, Design, Water pollution abate-
ment, Algorithms, Mathematical models, Evaluation,
Operations, * Sidestreams, Recycling.
PB82-195330 PC A03/MF A01
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Report to
Congress for Fiscal Year 1981.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jan 82,34p EPA/560/1-82-001
The fourth annual report to Congress summarizes
progress made during FY 1981 by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in implementing the Toxic
Substances Control Act (Public Law 94-469, 94th Con-
gress). The Agency's basic approach in implementing
TSCA has been to use the Act's various provisions to
stimulate better and more timely industry assessments
of chemical risks. This approach should lead to more
rapid and cost-effective achievement of the Agency's
main statutory goals than would a chemical-by-chemi-
cal regulatory approach.
Keywords: National government, Implementation, Leg-
islation, Risks, Assessments, 'Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act, Public Law 94-469, 'Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB82-195702 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV
Findings of CO Hot Spot Analysis for Mecklen-
burg County, NC. Final rept.
Peat Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, DC.
11 Mar 82,102p EPA/904/9-82-094
Contract EPA-68-02-3506
This report details the analysis of transportation con-
trol measures to be implemented in order to achieve
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards at selected
December 1983 1269
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
carbon monoxide hotspots in Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Carbon monoxide.
Standards, North Carolina, Substitutes,
Concentration(Composit)on), 'Air quality, 'Mecklen-
burg County(North Carolina).
PB82-195777 PC A07/MF A01
P*sttefd* Registration Standard: Magnesium
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Feb 82.149p* EPA-540/RS-82-006
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tratton of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
marizes of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Chemistry, Toxi-
cology, Residues, Ecology, Regulations, 'Magnesium
phosphide, Path of pollutants.
P882-1M918 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement: Tampa Electric
Company, Big Bend Unit 4. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jan 62,466p EPA/904/9-81-084
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Jacksonville, FLPortions of this document are not fully
legible.
Tampa Electric Company proposes to construct and
operate a 417 MW (net) capacity coat-fired electric
generating plant at the existing Big Bend complex ad-
jacent to HiHsborough Bay in west-central Hillsborough
County, Florida The Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) examines project alternatives, impacts, and miti-
gative measures related to groundwater, air, surface
water, ecological, and soctoeconomic and cultural sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Pollution, 'Envi-
ronmental impact statements-final, Construction, Op-
erations, Environmental impacts, Ground water, Air
pollution. Dust, Surface waters, Leaching, Ecology,
Social effect, Economic impact. Waste disposal. Acidi-
fy. Metals, Florida, Hillsbtjfough CountytFtorida), Big
Bend Unit 4, Alternative planning.
PB82-196130 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Method for Assessing AutomoMe Note,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA
N. P. Milter. Mar 82,119p BBN-4570, EPA-550/9-82-
405
Contract EPA-68-01 -3669
This study presents a method that can be used to ex-
amine and quantify each factor contributing to motor
vehicle noise produced by automobile accelerating on
ofty/suburban streets. It is based on data collected in
six different jurisdictions subject to a range of noise
control programs and was developed to assist State/
local jurisdictions to formulate or refine motor vehicle
noise control programs.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, Project management,
State government. Local government, Motor vehicles,
Automobiles, Assessments, Neighborhoods, 'Vehicle
noise. Acceleration noise, Engine noise, Transporta-
tion noise.
!-196148 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
PaariMHy of Developing Source Sampling Meth-
od* tor A*bMto* Emissions. Final rept 23 Dec 80-
30 Jon 81.
BatteMe Columbus Labs OH
W. M. Henry, G. M. Sverdrup, E. W. Schmidt, and S. E.
MSer. Apr 82, 70p EPA-600/3-82-008
Contract EPA-66-02-3169
The objective of this program was to determine the
feasibility of developing methods for sampling asbes-
tos in the emissions of major asbestos sources: (1) ore
production and taconite production, (2) asbestos-
cement production, (3) asbestos felt and paper pro-
duction, and (4) the production of asbestos-containing
friction materials. Potential sampling methods must
provide samples compatible with the provisional analy-
sis methods using electron microscopy (U.S. EPA
Report No. 600/2-77-178). Two general criteria for
source sampling methods were identified as: (1) the
sampling method must be capable of collecting a rep-
resentative sample and (2) the asbestos emissions
must be collected in such a manner that they can be
analyzed by the provisional analytical method. Concur-
rent investigations of potential emissions in the indus-
tries and of current knowledge of sampling fibers were
undertaken to assess the feasibility of meeting the first
criterion. The industry survey revealed that asbestos
emissions can be divided into two classes: stack and
fugitive. With respect to the second criterion, it is not
feasible to undertake a methods development pro-
gram for strict compatibility with the recommended
procedure of the provisional analytical method. How-
ever, methods development programs are feasible if
the sampling method is to be compatible with the alter-
native procedures of the provisional method or general
electron microscopy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Asbestos, Sources, Feasi-
bility, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Chimneys. Parti-
cles, Assessments, Electron microscopy, 'Air pollution
detection, Fugitive emissions.
PB82-196155 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sodium Fluxing and In-altu Classification tor Haz-
ardous Materials Disposal. Final rept. 11 Feb 77-11
Jan 80,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
J. S. Greer, G. H. Griwatz, S. S. Gross, and R. H. Hiltz.
Feb 82,30p MSAR-80-14, EPA-600/2-82-021
Contract EPA-68-03-2492
Toxic wastes have become a prime consideration in
the maintenance of the ecology. Numerous materials
of commerce, being unsuitable for landfill and resist-
ance to thermal degradation, pose problems in dispos-
al. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency institut-
ed a project to evaluate new approaches to the ulti-
mate disposal of such materials. The study reported
here, one segment of the major project, was instituted
to assess two innovative technkjues-in situ glassifica-
tion and reactive degradation using liquid sodium. The
glassification technique experienced success in the
encapsulation of toxic materials. Because of the need
for very high reaction temperatures, however, small
but significant quantities of the toxic material were
vented during reaction. The utilization of a molten
sodium medium to thermally degrade toxic materials to
products acceptable for direct disposal or recovery
was successfully demonstrated. Based upon the data
derived and the existing state-of-the-art, a practical
system to employ this technique for ultimate disposal
appears feasible.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In
situ combustion, Degradiation, Sodium, State of the
art.
PB82-196163 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Increasing ARCAT (Trad* Name) Test Senstttvtty
for Examination of Potable Waters. Final rept Dec
79-Dec80,
Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, VA.
Jenefir D. Isbtster, Jeanne L Aim, Roberta Foutch,
Alice DeSouza, and Randall S. Wentsel. Mar 82,101 p
49-5790, EPA-600/2-82-025
Contract EPA-68-03-2914
The primary objective of this research project was to
increase the sensitivity of the ARCAT method to detect
one coliphage per 100 ml of water sample. Several
concentration techniques were evaluated and three
methods selected for in-depth study. Two of the meth-
ods selected for in-depth study were filter concentra-
tion techniques. The third method involved amplifica-
tion of coBphages by addition of nutrients and a host
culture followed by incubation to allow a lytfc burst
cycle to occur. Of these techniques, the Zeta Plus 60S
filtration technique proved to be the optimum method.
Coliphage adsorption with this fitter range from 80-
100%. CoHphage recoveries from the filters were > or
= 90%. With this concentration method, test results
can be obtained within 61/2 hours with a sensitivity of
1 coliphage per 100 ml.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Bacteriophages, Filtra-
tion, Tests, Sensitivity, Disinfection, Ozone, Chlorine
inorganic compounds, Water quality, Municipalities,
Research, Water pollution, 'Water pollution detection,
'Coliphages, Zeta Plus 60S filters, 'Drinking water,
ARCAT.
PB82-196247 PC A08/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement: Dotot Hills
Power Plant Project, Northwestern Louisiana.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
ApV82,164p EPA/906/9-82-005
The Applicant proposes to construct and operate a
1440 MW Power plant In association with the plant a
138 kV transmission line, a makeup water pipeline
from Toledo Bend reservoir, a blowdown discharge
pipeline to the Red River, and a railroad spur are pro-
posed for construction and operation. The Final Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement (EIS) documents coordi-
nation activities since the Draft EIS was reviewed, and
presents revisions to the EIS and project in response
to those comments received.
Keywords: 'Steam electric power generation, 'Envi-
ronmental impact statements-final, Power transmis-
sion lines, Construction, Wind tunnels, Land use.
Forest land, Hardwoods, Lignite, Dust Cooling towers,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Air pollution,
Railroads, Wildlife, Louisiana.
PB82-196320 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Benzldlnes In Industrial and Mu-
nicipal Wastewaters. Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Ralph M. Riggin, and C. C. Howard. Apr 82,88p EPA-
600/4-82-022
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
A method for the determination of benzidine and 3,3'-
dichlorobenzidine in wastewater was developed. This
method, based on the use of high performance liquid
chromatography with electrochemical detection, is se-
lective for readily oxidized, basic compounds, and can
detect as little as 0.1 ppb of benzidine and DCS in
many types of aqueous samples, including surface
water, municipal sewage, and industrial effluent sam-
ples. However, several dye plant effluents contained
many oxkiizable materials which decreased the sensi-
tivity of the method to 1 ppb for benzidine and DCB.
Apparent levels of 10-20 ppb of benzidine were
present in the dye plant effluents.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Water pollution, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Sampling, In-
dustrial wastes, Sewage, 'Water pollution detection,
'Benzidine, 'Benzidine/dichloro, High performance
liquid chromatography.
PB82-196353 PC A03/MF A01
Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Determination of Chemical Residues in Whole
Blood of Selected Love Canal Area Residents.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
24 Jun 80,42p EPA-600/1 -80-036
Sponsored in part by Department of Justice, Washing-
ton, DC.
This paper contains the results of the analysis of blood
samples collected from residents of the Love Canal vi-
cinity of Niagara Falls, New York, for residues of cer-
tain toxic chemicals. The original list of chemicals re-
viewed contained a total of 55 chemical compounds,
classes of compounds, and metals. The analyses were
seen to fall into four categories: (1) Elemental, (2)
Volatile Organics, (3) Non-volatile Neutral Organics,
and (4)'Acidic Organics. Further analyses would be
needed to better define the utility of exposure assess-
ment using these chemical measurements because
the residue levels encountered by this study were very
low.
Keywords: 'Blood analysis, 'Residues, 'Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, Organic com-
1270 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pounds, Acidity, Gas chromatography, Pesticides,
Humans, Mass spectroscopy, Atomic spectroscopy,
Love Canal, Sampling, Niagara Falls(New York), Vola-
tile organic compounds, Pesticide residues, High per-
formance liquid chromatography.
PB8M96361 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance of a High-Velocity Pulse-Jet Filter,
III. Final rept. Sep 79-Sep 80,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
David Leith, Michael J. Ellenbecker, and Melvin W.
First. Mar 81,44p EPA-600/7-81 -027
Grant EPA-R-807080
See also PB80-183866.
The report gives results of a continuing study of the
performance of a high-velocity pulse-jet filter. Such fil-
tration has distinct advantages over low-velocity filtra-
tion in that the equipment required to clean a gas
stream is reduced in size and initial cost as filtration ve-
locity increases. Although high filtration velocity brings
on a number of problems, some of them can be dealt
with using the information in this report. The study indi-
cates that penetration by particle collection and subse-
quent seepage (not straight-through penetration) is the
primary mechanism by which penetration occurs. A
model is presented which encompasses both mecha-
nisms. The model was useful in showing the general
trends that should occur with changes in filter operat-
ing conditions, but additional information is required to
test its ability to predict penetration. Tests were de-
signed to measure the actual fraction of fly ash re-
moved from a polyester felt under typical pulse-jet
conditions. Test results showed that failure to remove
dust with the cleaning pulse, as well as redisposition,
contributed to high pressure drop in pulse-jet filters
with nonwoven fabrics.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, *Air filters,
Performance evaluation, Velocity, Filtration, Dust col-
lectors, Fly ash, *Pulse jet filters, 'Fabric filters.
PB82-196494 PC A07/MF A01
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Local Strategies for Groundwater Management
Britey Township, Montmorency County, Michigan.
Final rept,
Northeast Michigan Council of Governments, Gaylord.
Robert Koch. Dec 81,129p MI/DNR/GW-82/01
Grant EPA-P-005427-01
Atlanta is an unincorporated community in Briley
Township. The community relies solely on individual
water wells and septic systems. Hydrocarbons have
been detected in the community's water supplies
making them unsafe to drink. The pollutants are
coming from small sources of unknown location.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water wells, 'Septic
tanks, 'Water pollution, Communities, Hydrocarbons,
Water supply, Sources, Water quality. Local govern-
ment, Protection, Michigan, Montmorency
County(Michigan), Ground water resources.
PB82-196S28 PC A06/MF A01
Wake of a Stock Vehicle In a Shear-Free Bounda-
ry Flow: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Fluid modeling rept. no. 13 for 1 Jan 79-1 Oct 81,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Eskridge, and Roger S. Thompson. Mar 82,
116p EPA-600/3-82-007
The wake of a moving vehicle was simulated using a
specially-constructed wind tunnel with a moving floor.
A 'block-shaped' model vehicle was fixed in position
over the test-section floor while the floor moved at the
freest/earn air speed to produce a uniform, shear-free,
approach flow. This simulates an automobile traveling
along a straight highway under calm atmospheric con-
ditions. Vertical arid lateral profiles of mean and fluctu-
ating velocities and Reynolds stresses in the wake of
the vehicle were obtained using a hot-film anemome-
ter with an X-probe. Profiles were taken at distances of
10 to 80 model heights downwind. A momentum type
wake was observed behind the block-shaped vehicle.
The wake does not have a simple self-preserving form.
However, it is possible to collapse the velocity deficit
with one length and one velocity scale. Two new theo-
ries for the velocity deficit are compared to the theory
of Eskridge and Hunt (1979). A theory which consid-
ered a height-dependent eddy viscosity was found to
fit the data best. Length and velocity scales were
found for the longitudinal variation of the turbulent ki-
netic energy. The lateral variation is described by a
two-dimensional numerical fit of the crosswind varia-
tion of the data.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions,
•Wakes, Flow distribution, Aerodynamic characteris-
tics, Laminar flow, Turbulent flow, Boundary layer flow,
•Flow fields.
PB82-196S51 PC A02/MF A01
Contracting for Professional Services. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Feb 82,22p EPA-430/9-82-005
The manual discusses the procedures for obtaining
better and more cost-effective services in seeking con-
tractors.
Keywords: "Service contracts, 'Consultants, Method-
ology, Professional personnel, Qualifications, Propos-
als, Cost analysis.
PB82-196742 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Resource Recovery Div.
An Overview of U.S. and Canadian Experience
with European Mass Burning Waterwall incinera-
tor Systems,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
Gerald H. Dealer. Jan 82,53p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -6071
The report presents a detailed overview of the operat-
ing and maintenance learning experiences of each of
the 11 mass burning waterwall resource recovery
plants currently operating in North America. Since 5 of
the 11 plants are of European design, a comparison of
U.S. versus European operational experience is made.
Also, in order to assist municipal planners and facility
designers considering new mass burning resource re-
covery projects, a summary of the learning experi-
ences (including recommendations) is provided. Final-
ly, a brief status overview of the mass burning water-
wall systems in various stages of planning, design,
and/or construction is discussed.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Boilers, Technology as-
sessment, Economic analysis, Evaluation, 'Foreign
technology, 'Solid waste disposal. Mass burning wa-
terwall incinerators.
PB82-196841 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bulk Sample Analysis for Asbestos Content Eval-
uation of the Tentative Method. Final rept. Mar-Dec
80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. P. BrantJy, Jr., K. W. Gold, L E. Myers, and D. E.
Lenntzen. Apr 82,136p EPA-600/4-82-021
Contract EPA-68-02-3222
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Asbestos-
in-Schcols Program was established in March, 1979 to
provide information and technical assistance to the
public for addressing problems presented by asbes-
tos-containing insulation materials in school buildings.
Because there were no existing standard procedures
for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of asbestos
in bulk materials, the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, Washington, DC, and the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, jointly sponsored an effort to produce a
practical and objective analytical protocol. Draft proce-
dures were written for the analysis of bulk samples by
polarized light microscopy (PLM) and X-Ray powder
diffraction (XRD). Following review, the Tentative
Method for the Determination of Asbestifomn Minerals
in Bulk Insulation Samples (March, 1980) was submit-
ted to a performance testing program that involved
multiple laboratory analysis of prepared samples with
known asbestos content This report presents the re-
sults of the testing study and provides observations
and preliminary characterization of the utility and oper-
ational parameters of the Tentative Method.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Chemical analysis, Schools,
Sampling, X ray diffraction, Insulation, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Tentative method.
PB82-196858 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Source Test and
Evaluation Report-Exxon Minlplant Pressurized
Fluidlzed-Bed Combustor with Sorbent Regenera-
tion. Final rept. May 79-Jul 80,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. J. Kindya, R. R. Hall, G. Hunt, W. Piispanen, and P.
Fennelly. Apr 81,216p EPA-600/7-81-077
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report gives results of a comprehensive emission
sampling and analysis of the EPA-sponsored, Exxon
Miniplant, pressurized, coal-fired, fluidized-bed com-
bustor (PFBC) and sorbent regeneration system. Air
pollutant emissions of seven trace elements exceeded
emissions goals in the PFBC flue gas, indicating a
need for further study. Air pollutant emissions of total
organics were less than for comparable conventional
combustion systems. Limited further analyses for spe-
cific polynuclear aromatic compounds indicated that
emissions of one of these compounds exceeded its
emissions goal. Laboratory-generated leachates from
solid waste samples resulted in trace metal concentra-
tions well below Federal hazardous waste criteria.
Positive test results for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity
screening tests on flue gas samples require further
study.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Sorbents, 'Air
pollution control, Regeneration, Chemical analysis,
Samples, Assessments, Design, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Bioassay, Performance
evaluation, Solid wastes.
PB82-196866 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flux Force/Condensation Scrubbing for Collect-
ing Fine Particulate from Iron Melting Cupolas.
Final rept. Oct 76-Aug 81,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Richard D. Chmielewski, and Seymour Calvert. Sep 81,
136p EPA-600/7-81-148
Contract EPA-68-02-2191
The report gives results of a 6-month test, demonstrat-
ing the industrial feasibility of a flux force/condensa-
tion (F/C) scrubbing system for controlling paniculate
emissions from an iron and steel melting cupola. The
demonstration, conducted by A.P.T., Inc., under EPA
contract, was part of a sequence of research and de-
velopment projects for this method of particulate pollu-
tion control. A particle collection efficiency of 84% was
required to meet the emission limit for a melting rate of
about 12,500 kg/hr. The demonstration plant was de-
signed to enable experimental determination of oper-
ating characteristics when attaining efficiencies
around the emission limit. Particle size distributions,
flow rates, pressure drops, temperatures, and other
parameters were measured and utilized for perform-
ance analysis and comparison with theoretical predic-
tions. After an initial period during which equipment
and operating methods were refined, the system per-
formed well and without significant difficulty. An opti-
mized F/C scrubbing system for this application would
require only about 65% of the predicted power require-
ment for a conventional high energy system. The total
annual operating cost for an F/C scrubber system was
estimated to be $131,000, compared to $150,000 for a
new conventional venturi scrubber system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fines,
•Iron and steel industry, 'Furnace cupolas, Particles,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Melting,
Scrubbers, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis,
Operating costs, 'Flux force/condensation scrubbers.
PB82-196874 PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The Monitoring of the Restoratlonal Dredging of
Collins Lake, Scotia, New York. Final rept. 1976-79,
Union Coll., Schenectady, NY.
Cart J. George, Peter L. Tobiessen, Phillip D. Snow,
and Thomas K. Jewell. Feb 81,93p EPA-600/3-82-
017
Grant EPA-R-804572
December 1983 1271
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Collins Lake (24.3 ha) in the Village of Scotia, New
York, was hydraulically dredged to a depth of 3 m
during the warmer months of 1977 and 1978. About
52,000 cu m of organic sediment were removed from
2.6 ha of lake bottom to an adjacent sedimentation
basin with the supernatant water returning to the lake.
The curly leaved pqndweed, Potamogeton crispus, es-
pecially abundant in the lake, did not recolonize the
dredged areas through the study period. Alteration of
the lake level caused by changes in the outlet resulted
in vegetational changes in the littoral zone, such as the
decline of the tuckahoe, Peltandra virginica and the in-
crease of the spiked loosestrife, Lythrum salicria.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Dredging, *Collins Lake,
Monitoring, Sediments, Removal, Aquatic plants. Litto-
ral zone. Phosphorus, Losses, Zooplankton, Ecologi-
cal succession, Plant growth, Water chemistry, New
York, *Potamogeton cnspus, Peltandra virginica, Lyth-
rum sal icaria.
PB82-196882 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of TCDD In Industrial and Municipal
Wastewater*. Final rept.,
Carborundum Co., Sacramento, CA.
Anthony S. Wong. Mar 82,52p EPA-600/4-82-028
Contract EPA-68-03-2635
This program was undertaken in an effort to develop
an analytical method for the determination of 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in industrial and
municipel wastewaters. The method includes extrac-
tion of TCDD with methylene chloride dean up, with
columns and quantitative determination with gas chro-
matography (Electron Capture Detector) and gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The detec-
tion limit was found to be 0.003 micrograrn/L In con-
junction with the development of an analytical method,
trie stability of TCDD in organic solvents and chlorinat-
ed water samples was also studied. It was found that
TCDD solutions prepared in benzene, acetone and
methanol remained stable during both cold storage
(4C) and at room temperature (25C). However, degra-
dation of TCDD in water was observed as a result of
chlorinated followed by prolonged storage.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
•Sewage, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Chlorine organic compounds,
Samples, Water pollution, Herbicides, 'Water pollution
detection, 'Dioxin/dibenzo-tetrachloro, Electron cap-
ture detectors, Dioxin.
PB*2-196»08 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Autoheated, Aerobic, ThermophlHc Digestion of
Munidpel Sludge with Air Aeration. Final rapt Oct
76-Oct79,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Ithaca.
William J. Jewell, Randolph M. Kabrick, and James A.
Spade. Jan 82,366p EPA-600/2-82-023
Grant EPA-R-804636
A full-scale aerobic digestion system demonstrated
that a simple serf-aspirating aerator, that used ambient
air, could achieve high oxygen transfer efficiencies and
thereby allow conservation of heat Continuous feed
operation utilizing primary and waste activated sludges
resulted in autoheated reactor temperatures ranging
from 45 to 65C, even when ambient air temperatures
were -20C and sludge temperatures were OC. Process
variables included organic loading rate and D.O. con-
centration. K was observed that intermediate loading
rates and low D.O. residuals (less than 1 pom) allowed
maximum temperature development The potential of
the autoheated thermpphilic digester to inactivate
pathogens was investigated. Virus inactivafon was
100%. Bacterial and parasite counts were less than
those found in rnesophHic anaerobic digestion sludge.
Dewaterability of the aerobically treated sludge dete-
riorated at all loading conditions studied. This last fea-
ture was the only disadvantage evident in the process.
Keywords: 'Sludge treatment, 'Aeration, Dewatering,
Economics, Technology, Therrnophilic digestion, 'Aer-
obic digestion. Solid wastes, Land disposal.
PB82-196916 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Persistence In Model Ecosystems. Final rept. Sep
78-Dec80,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept of Mathematics.
Thomas C. Gard. Apr 82,17p EPA-600/3-82-030
Grant EPA-R-806161
Mathematical models aid in understanding environ-
mental systems and in developing testable hypoth-
eses relevant to the fate and ecological effects of toxic
substances in such systems. Within the framework of
microcosm or laboratory ecosystem modeling, some
differential equation models, in particular, become
tractable to mathematical analysis when the focus is
on the problem of persistence. In this report, a hierar-
chy of microcosm-related models, the top level of
which contains a nutrient-producer-grazer food chain,
and general food chains are analyzed for persistence.
The results, which take the form of inequalities involv-
ing model parameters, specify necessary conditions.
These results can serve as a basis for preliminary eval-
uations of model performance.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Food chains, 'Nutrients,
'Water pollution, Mathematical models, Toxfcity,
Algae, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Periodic vari-
ations, Environmental impacts. Organic compounds,
Differential equations, Evaluation, Ecosystems.
PBS2-1M924 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mechanisms of Dry SO2 Control Processes. Final
reptSep80-Sep81,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Cathy Apple, and Mary E. Kelly. Apr 82,137p EPA-
600/7-82-026
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report discusses physical and chemical processes
and reaction mechanisms for lime spray drying and dry
injection of sodium compounds in dry flue gas desul-
furization (FGD) processes. It includes: chemical reac-
tions, physical changes, proposed reaction mecha-
nisms and mathematical models, process parameters
affecting reactions and their rates, and data needed to
verify proposed reaction mechanisms and models.
Published technical papers were the primary reference
sources. The report focuses on coal-fired boiler dry
FGD applications. Lime spray drying reactions are pri-
marily gas/liquid-phase reactions, with SO2 removal
depending on moisture in the lime slurry droplet Initial-
ly, the moisture content is high, and the reaction rate is
controlled by diffusion of SO2 to the droplet surface;
most SO2 removal occurs during this phase. As evap-
oration reduces the moisture, the dissolution of
Ca(OH)2 into tons limits the SO2 removal rate. Later,
the precipitation of CaSOS.1/2 H2O onto the surface
of the lime particles retards diffusion of SO2 to the un-
reacted sorbent Injecting sodium compound powders
into flue gas removes SO2 via gas/solid reactions.
First, NaHCO3 is thermally decomposed to Na2CO3
(small pores in the sorbent particles increase the parti-
cles' surface area and reactivity). Then the SO2 reacts
wtth Na2CO3 to form Na2SO3, starting at the particle
surface.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide.
•Spray drying, Chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics,
Mathematical models, Surfaces, Calcium oxides,
Sodium inorganic compounds, 'Dry methods, Flue gas
desulfurization, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB82-196932 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement* of High-Temperature Men-Pres-
sure Processes*: A Summary Report Final rept.
Sep 75-Jun 79.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
L Cooper, and M. Shackteton. Mar 82,136p ACUREX-
79-353, EPA-600/7-82-009
Contract EPA-68-02-2153
See also PB-284 041.
The report summarizes an assessment and develop-
ment of technology required to perform high-tempera-
ture high-pressure (HTHP) paniculate sampling. In ad-
dition to efforts devoted to developing and testing an
HTHP sampler for the EPA/Exxon Miniplant experi-
ence was gained in the design aspects of HTHP sam-
pling equipment and testing procedures. This experi-
ence is highlighted in the report A background study
and planning effort was directed toward possible
future sampling efforts in a coal gasification plant A
state-of-the-art review of HTHP sampling was also per-
formed. To document the materials collected, a bibli-
ography of articles, reports, and books relating to
HTHP sampling was compiled. A list of persons inter-
ested in this technology is also included. Results dem-
onstrated that particle size distribution and samples
suitable for chemical analysis can be obtained with the
apparatus described in the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Coal gasification, 'Particles,
High temperature tests, High pressure tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, Technology, Fluidized bed
processing, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sites, 'Air pollution sampling, State of the art
PB8M96981 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement - Sewanee, Ten-
nessee Wastewater Facilities. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Apr 82,118p EPA-904/9-82-095
The Final EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for the Town of Sewanee, the University of the
South, and the surrounding areas of Franklin County,
TN. Seven wastewater management alternatives have
been evaluated with particular attention to the protec-
tion of area surface water and groundwater resources.
The proposed action of the Final EIS includes replac-
ing the existing surface water discharge of wastewater
with a land application system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Construction, Surface waters,
Ground water, Drainage, Replacing, Waste water
reuse, Irrigation, Responses, Land use, Monitoring, Air
pollution, Wildlife, Water pollution, Tennessee,
'Sewage treatment plants, ^SewaneefTennessee),
Franklin County(Tennessee), Land application.
PB82-197054 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, II. Region
Agency Roles and Authorization In Groundwater
Management Groundwater Management Strategy
for Michigan.
Michigan Dept of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Aug 81,93p MI/DNR/GW-82-02
Grant EPA-P-00558801
This document is a descriptive presentation of the
roles that various agencies play in groundwater man-
agement Included is a pollutant source/agency matrix
Which relates potential sources of groundwater pollu-
tion to federal, state and local agencies that have a
role in addressing the potential pollutants or problem
sources. The matrix Illustrates the range of pollutant
sources affected by individual agencies, and may also
serve as a key to determining which agencies are in-
volved in the control of specific sources of groundwat-
er pollution.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water Quality manage-
ment 'Water pollution, Government policies, Sources,
LawWurisprudence), Water supply, Water wells, State
government Prevention, Michigan, 'Government
agencies.
PBS2-197062 PC A03/MF A01
Noise Emission Standards for Motorcycles and
Motorcycle Exhaust Systems. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jan81,46p
On December 31, 1980 the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency issued final noise emission standards
for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust systems. In a
separate action, also on December 31, 1980, the
Agency issued a Notice of Proposed Rutemaking for
amending the testing requirements of the final regula-
tions. The report contains information materials asso-
ciated with those rulemaking activities.
Keywords: 'Motorcytes, 'Noise pollution, 'Standards,
Noise reduction, Exhaust systems, Regulations.
1272 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-197153 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Criteria for Extension of Applica-
bility of Low-Emission, High-Efficiency Coal Burn-
ers. Annual rept. no. 3, Oct 79-Oct 80,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Santa
Ana,CA.
W. Nurick, R. Payne, J. Lee, P. Case, and S. Chen. Oct
81,202p EPA-600/7-81 -171C
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
The report describes the third year's efforts in a pro-
gram to develop criteria for extending the applicability
of tow-emission, high-efficiency coal burners. For the
small-scale fuel studies, 28 coals covering all ranks
were tested under a wide variety of conditions to as-
certain the impact of coal properties on the fate of fuel
nitrogen (N). Significant accomplishments in this part
of trie program include; (1) bench-scale test results
confirm the pilot-scale concept that decreasing the ini-
tial air/fuel ratio decreases fuel NOx formation; (2) de-
tailed studies on optimizing a staged combustion
system suggest that the stoichiometry producing mini-
mum NOx emissions is a function of both fuel composi-
tion and primary-zone conditions; (3) distribution of the
total fixed nitrogen (TFN) species-NO, NH3, and
HCN-leaving the first stage is strongly dependent on
coal composition; (4) distribution of the first-stage fuel
N emissions has a significant impact on second-stage
exhaust NO emissions (minimum second-stage NO
emissions depend on competition between first-stage
NO and increased gas - and solid-phase N species);
and (5) during staged combustion, increasing the rate
of heat extraction from the first stage (fuel-nch zone)
decreases the decay of TFN species, but dramatically
decreases TFN conversion in the second stage (first-
stage extraction reduces exhaust NO emissions).
Keywords: 'Burners, *Air pollution, Nitrogen oxides,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Performance
evaluation, Furnaces, Design, Assessments, Sulfur
oxides.
PB82-197161 PC A03/MF A01
Office of Water Program Operations.
Contract Operations. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Feb 82,31 p EPA-430/9-82-004
The manual presents a discussion of the management
and operating problems that contract operations can
address. It is intended to give utility managers and
local decision-makers a better understanding of this
solution and a better basis for comparing contract op-
erations to other solutions for reducing operating and
management problems.
Keywords: 'Contracted services, 'Waste water, Indus-
trial plants, Local government, Technical assistance,
Methodology.
PB82-197187 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation i
i of the EKMA Model Using Historical Air
Quality Data. Final rept,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Trijonis, Stan Mortimer, and Basil Dimitriades.
Apr 82,145p EPA/600/3-82/015
Contract EPA-68-02-2976
Historical air quality and emissions trend data for the
Los Angeles region were used to check the EKMA isc-
ptoth method of relating ozone concentration changes
to precursor emission changes. Trends in ozone and
ozone precursors (NMHC and NOx) were estimated
from data for the period 1964 to 1978. Emission trend
calculations show that basinwide hydrocarbon emis-
sions decreased continually, with a net reduction of
29% over the study period. Estimated basinwide NOx
emissions rose rapidly from the middle 1960s to the
eariy 1970s and then levelled off; the net increase over
the study period was 34%. Sensitivity analysis reveal
that predicted ozone trends are moderately sensitive
to the specific EKMA simulation conditions. Predicted
ozone trends are extremely sensitive to the NMHC/
NOx ratio. The EKMA model performs fairly well in the
validation studies. There is, however, a general tend-
ency for predicted ozone trends to underestimate his-
torical decreases in actual ozone trends. One reason
for the discrepancy appears to be error in the choice of
an NMHC/NOx ratio.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
Trends, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Ozone,
Concentration(Composrtion), Nomographs, 'Air qual-
ity,'EKMA models.
PB82-197195 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
In-situ Aerodynamic Sizing of Aerosol Particles
with the Spart Analyzer. Final rept. Jun 76-Feb 80,
Arkansas Univ. at Little Rock.
M. K. Mazumder, R. E. Ware, J. D. Wilson, R. G.
Renninger, and P. C. McLeod. Apr 82,47p EPA/600/
3-82-009
Grant EPA-R-804429
A single particle aerodynamic relaxation time (SPART)
analyzer has been developed to measure the aerody-
namic size distribution of aerosol particulates in the
range 0.1 to 10.0 micrometer in diameter. The analyzer
sizes and counts individual suspended particles and
droplets from sampled aerosols, determines their aer-
odynamic diameter, and generates the size distribution
in real-time. The measurement is independent of the
electrical and optical properties of the particles. The
size range and resolution of the SPART analyzer
depend on the acoustic frequency. Operating at 27
kHz, the instrument's effective sampling rate was cali-
brated in the range of 0.3 to 6.0 pm using test aerosols
containing monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres
(PLS) and olive oil droplets. The instrument can count
and size aerosol particulates at a maximum rate of 200
particles/sec. The sensing volume of the instrument is
approximately .00001 cc, which allows the size distri-
bution measurement of an aerosol containing a rela-
tively high paniculate concentration without an appre-
ciable coincidence loss.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Aerosols, 'Air
pollution, Samples, Optical properties, Electrical prop-
erties, Performance evaluation. Design criteria,
'Single particle aerodynamic relaxation time analyz-
ers.
PB82-197203 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Soluble Fractions of Used Ught-Weight
UgnosuHonate Type Mud and Hexavalent Chromi-
um on the Complete Larval Development of the
Crabs, 'Rhlthropanopeus Harrisli' and 'Callinectes
Sapidua'. Scientific rept (Final),
Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine Lab.
Cazlyn G. Bookhout, Robert Monroe, Richard Forward,
and John D. Costlow, Jr. Mar 82, 75p EPA-600/3-82-
018
The mud aqueous fractions (MAF) and suspended par-
ticulate phase (SPP) of lignosulfonate type mud were
nontoxic to the complete larval development of Rhith-
ropanopeus harrisii. Five percent MAF and SPP were
not toxic to Callinectes sapidus. Differential survival of
C. sapidus larvae occurred from 5 to 50% MAF and
SPP. No larvae reached the 1st crab stage in 100%
MAF and SPP. Statistical analayses of the data on sur-
vival, mortality and behavior are presented. Survival of
R. harrisii from hatching to 1st crab stage occurred in
1.1 to 29.1 ppm Na2CrO4. Estimated LC50 for com-
plete zoeal development was 17.8 ppm Na2CrO4 and
was 13.7 for development to 1st crab stage. A concen-
tration of 1.1 ppm was nontoxic, 7.2 and 14.5 Na2CrO4
were sublethal and concentrations of 29.1 to 58.1 ppm
were acutely toxic. Low concentrations of Na2CrO4
caused in increase in seimming speed and high con-
centrations caused a decline. Survival of Callinectes
sapidus occurred in 1.1 to 4.7 Na2CrO4. The LC50 for
complete zoeal development was estimatd to be 2.9
ppm and the LC50 for development to 1st crab stage
was estimated to be 1.0 ppm. Statistical analyses of
the data on survival, duration and mortality of larvae
are presented.
Keywords: "Chromium, 'Drilling fluids, 'Toxicology,
Bioassay, Shellfish, Crustacea, Survival, Larvae, De-
velopment Water pollution, Crabs, Mortality, Behavior,
Lethal dosage, Concentration(Composition), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Rhithropanopeus harrisii,
Callinectes sapidus, Particulates.
PB82-197286 PC A09/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Jefferson Pariah
(West Bank), Louisiana.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Feb 82,196p EPA/906/9-82-001
Jefferson Parish has considered alternative methods
for making improvements to the West Bank
wastewater conveyance and treatment system. A set
of final alternatives has been analyzed which would
provide adequate wastewater management through
the year 2005. All of the final alternatives involve aban-
donment of existing treatment plants and the construc-
tion of new treatment plant(s). Many issues bear in
EPA's decision, including impacts to water quality and
socioeconomic conditions.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water distribution,
'Waste water, 'Environmental impact statements-
draft, Construction, Environmental impacts, Water pol-
lution, Social effect, Economic impact, Drainage, Wild-
life, Fishes, Shellfish, Louisiana, 'Sewage treatment
plants, Alternative planning, Jefferson
Parish(Louisiana).
PB82-197377 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Diesel Cars - Benefits, Risks, and Public Policy.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1982,167p*
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Department of Energy,
Washington, DC., and Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC.
This final report of the Committee comprehensively
discusses the inter-related elements of diesel car use~
diesel emissions, health and environmental effects,
economic effects, issues, and methodology in regula-
tory decision making, and analysis of controlling diesel
car particulates. The volume examines the scientific,
technical and economic factors involved in diesel car
use and the implications for regulating such vehicles.
Diesel engines emit soot particles and chemicals that
are known or suspected carcinogens, toxic sub-
stances, and mutagens. The report evaluates the limi-
tations and significance of research to date on health
consequences, concluding that while diesel cars and
light trucks do not appear to present a threat to health,
more additional research and monitoring are required
to provide more knowledge. Also discussed are emis-
sion control technology; economic impact in terms of
capitol investment, consumer prices, maintenance,
and road safety; and regulatory approaches available
to policymakers. Among the recommendations are:
giving consideration to regulation of heavy diesel
trucks and buses as a cost-effective strategy; reevalu-
ation of the need for more information; better data
gathering to assist in this sequential decision-making
approach; and continued research on health and envi-
ronmental effects of dieselization.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Environmental impacts, Health, Economic
factors, Regulations, Combustion products. Soot, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Evaluation, Air pollution, Public
policies, Air quality, Clean Air Act, Risk assessment,
Light duty vehicles.
PB82-197500 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
The Drilling Fluid Hazard Assessment Program of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sum-
mary rept
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
Apr 82,116p EPA-600/7-82-013
The Drilling Fluids Hazard Assessment Program car-
ried out by the Office of Research and Development of
the Environmental Protection Agency is presented,
from its initiation in 1976 to the planned tasks for Fiscal
Year 1982. This synopsis includes discussions on pro-
gram origins, statutory mandates, program goals and
objectives and the rationale and strategy for the re-
search conducted. A summary of the research results
to date and the direction of the final year of the pro-
gram is included.
December 1983 1273
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Water pollution, 'Offshore
drilling, Assessments, Regulations, Hazardous materi-
als, 'Drilling fluid hazard assessment program.
PB82-197518 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Onto River Basin Energy Study: Air Quality and
Related Impacts. Volume I. Documentation in Sup-
port of Key ORBES Air Quality Findings,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
James J. Stukel, and Brand L. Niemann. Nov 80,162p
EPA-600/7-81-067A
Grant EPA-R-805588
See also PB81-161788. Sponsored in part by Ohio
River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary re-
search program supported by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. The extensive air quality analysis un-
dertaken for the ORBES included examination of pol-
lutant emissions and resulting concentrations under
various policy assumptions; collection of additional
paniculate and sulfur oxide measurements from the
utilities for use in the analysis of current conditions;
evaluation of the meteorological conditions under
which maximum pollutant concentrations are likely to
occur, examination of the validity of using conventional
dispersion models for predicting worst-case pollution
conditions; and cataloguing meteorological conditions
under which regional pollution episodes occur. In this
report, the focus is on the factual materials used to for-
mulate the key air quality findings set forth in the main
report of this study. It draws from Volumes II and III of
the same series. Volume II is entitled 'Air Quality and
Meteorology in the Ohio River Basin: Baseline and
Future Impacts;' Volume HI, 'Selected Impacts of Elec-
tric Utility Operations in the Ohio River Basin (1976-
20OO):An Application of the Utility Simulation Model.'
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Electric power plants, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Concentrat)on(Composition), In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Ohio River
Basin Energy Study, 'Air quality, 'Energy source de-
velopment
PB82-198219 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Management Diagnostics. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Feb 82,41 p EPA-430/9-82-002
This manual will familiarize local officials and utility
managers with the principles and practices of sound
energy management, specifically applied to
wastewater utility operations.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Manuals, 'Energy conservation, Energy con-
sumption, Energy management
PB82-198227 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Directory of Federal Interagency Groups Con-
cerned wtth Environmental Health (Third Edition).
Geomet, Inc., RockvHte, MD.
Dec81.77p
EPA-68-01-5773
SeeateoP880-211741.
This 3rd edition of the Directory updates and expands
the information presented in the second edition. It also
identifies additional groups participating in the coordi-
nation of environmental disease research. The pur-
pose of this directory is to promote coordination and
information exchange among these groups and the
Agencies and institutions involved in identifying prob-
lems and initiating research in the area of environmen-
tally related cancer and heart and lung disease. This
directory summarizes the activities, accomplishments,
and products of the numerous committees and work-
ing groups with concerns relevant to the activities of
the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart
and Lung Disease.
Keywords: 'Directories, Committees, Preventive medi-
cine, Occupational diseases, Public hearth, Epidemiol-
ogy, Air pollution. Malignant neoplasms. Cardiovascu-
lar diseases, Toxicology, 'Environmental health, 'Fed-
eral agencies, Lung diseases, Occupational safety and
hearth.
PB82-198268 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1982,4151 p
Set includes PB82-198326 through PB82-198383.
No abstract available.
PB82-198276 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1982,3414p
Set includes PB82-198284 through PB82-198318.
No abstract available.
PB82-198284 PC$15.50VMF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1982,208p EPA/460-A-82-19
See also PB82-198292, and PB81-165953.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
198276.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Gasoline engines,
'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems. Ignition
systems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Chrysler Corporation, Automobile engines(1982
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198292 PC$146.SO/MF$11.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfiekt, Ml.
1982,2829p EPA/460-A-82-20
See also PB81-198284, PB82-198300, and PB81-
.200222.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
198276.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Gasoline engines,
'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Fuel systems. Certification, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Automobile en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198300 PC$13.00/MF$4.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda (Toyo Kogyo).
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Southfield, Ml.
1982,157p EPA/460-A-82-21
See also PB82-198292, PB82-198318, and PB81-
148826.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
198276.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Gasoline engines,
'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution control. Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Automobile engines(1982
models), Corrective maintenance, Mazda vehicles.
PB82-198318 PC$16.00/MF$4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Saab-Scania.
SAAB-SCANIA of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1982,220p EPA/460-A-82-22
See also PB82-198300.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
198276.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Gasoline engines,
'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust
emissions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition
systems, Fuel systems. Certification, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, Saab-Scania of America, Inc., Automobile en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198326 PC$62.75/MF$7.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Caterpillar.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1982,1155p EPA/460-A-82-23
See also PB82-198334, and PB81 -200115.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, arid proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions. Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems. Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Truck en-
gines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198334 PC$46.25/MF$6.25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1274 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1982,821p EPA/460-A-82-24
See also PB82-198326, PB82-198342, and PB82-
148909.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, "Fuel
consumption, *Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems. Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, General Motors Corporation, Truck en-
gines^ 982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-1M342 PC$21.00/MF$5.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN. Truck En-
gineering Center.
1982,317p EPA/460-A-82-25
See also PB82-198334, PB82-198359, and PB81-
200131.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
foHowed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems. Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, International Harvester, Truck engines(1982
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198359 PC*20.25/MF$5.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., South-field, Ml.
1982,302p EPA/460-A-82-26
See also PB82-198342, PB82-198367, and PB81-
200149.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cai description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control. Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Truck engines(1982
models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198367 PC$41.25/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mack Trucks, Inc.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1982,723p EPA/460-A-82-27
See also PB82-198359, PB82-198375, and PB81-
200156.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Mack "Trucks Inc., Truck engines(l982 models),
Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198375 PC$36.7S/MF$5.7S
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1982,634p EPA/460-A-82-28
See also PB82-198367, and PB82-198383.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Mercedes Benz of North America, Inc., Truck
engines(1982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198383 PC$15.00/MF»4.75
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1982 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1982,199p EPA/460-A-82-29
See also PB82-198375, and PB81-200164.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB82-
198268.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Fuel
consumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emis-
sions, Maintenance, Exhaust systems, Ignition sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Truck en-
gines^ 982 models), Corrective maintenance.
PB82-198409 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Chronic Toxlclty of Lead and Cadmium: III. Ef-
fects of Chronic Intoxication on the Reproductive
Function of the F1 Generation of Rats and on the
Central Nervous System of the F2 Generation.
Final rept.,
Slaska Akademia Medyczna, Katowice (Poland).
Z. S. Herman, K. Kmieciak-Kolada, R. Szkilnik, W.
Felinska, and J. Slominska. 1982,22p EPA/600/1-82-
006
Wistar rats, decended from animals used in previous
toxicity studies, were administered lead and cadmium
via drinking water and examined for changes in loco-
motor activity, neurochemical levels in various brain re-
gions, concentrations of heavy metals in liver and
kidney, blood components and reproductive ability and
viability of offspring. Locomotor activity was seen to
vary greatly but erratically after heavy metal treatment.
Neurotransmitter levels also showed wide variations in
response to heavy metal exposure, with the most nota-
ble being increases in noradrenaline in the hypothala-
mus and dqpamine in the striatum. Weight gains during
gestation, litter sizes, survival of offspring and average
size of surviving offspring were all depressed in groups
of treated animals, and eye-opening was delayed in
these progeny groups.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), 'Cadmium,
Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Physiological effects, Bioas-
say, Reproduction(Biology), Central nervous system,
Rats, Laboratory animals, . Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), 'Heavy metals, Drinking
water, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-198417 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Ambient Aero-
sol Sampler Inlets. Final rept. May 79-Oct 80,
Research Inst. of Colorado, Fort Collins.
James B. Wedding, and Michael A. Weigand. Apr 82,
31pEPA-600/3-82-039
Data are presented on the wind tunnel performances
of two prototype Inhalable Paniculate Matter (IPM)
inlets designed for use with a dichotomous sampler.
One was developed at the Aerosol Science Laboratory
(ASL) Colorado State University, while the other was
developed in an independent effort at the University of
Minnesota (UM) and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
(LBL). The ASL inlet is based on a unique omnidirec-
tional cyclone fractionator, described in detail. Over
the range of wind speeds from 0.5 - 24 km/hr, its
measured 50% outpoint was virtually invariant, 14.4 -
13.7 micrometers-well within the presently proposed
IPM 50% outpoint requirement. The UMLBL inlet re-
sults indicated near compliance with the IPM perform-
ance envelope, but there remain some small differ-
ences in data generated by UM and ASL personnel.
Enrichment is apparent for both inlets in the 1 -10 mi-
crometers particle size range at the highest wind
speed.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Samplers, 'Air pollution, Wind
tunnels, Performance evaluation, Wind velocity, Intake
systems, Particles, Design, Distillation equipment,
Flow rate, Particle size, Tests, 'Air pollution standards.
PB82-198S08 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments to Test
Photochemical Models. Final rept. May 78-May 81,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health. . .
H E Feffries, R. M. Kamens, K. G. Sexron, and A. A.
Gerhardt Apr 82,280p EPA/600/3-82-016A
The smog chamber facility of the University of North
Carolina was used in a study to provide experimental
data for developing and testing kinetic mechanisms of
photochemical smog formation. The smog chamber,
December 1983 1275
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
located outdoors in rural North Carolina, is an A-frame
structure covered with Teflon film. Because the cham-
ber is partitioned into two sections, each with a volume
of 156 cu m, two experiments can be conducted simul-
taneously. The dual chamber is operated under natural
conditions of solar radiation, temperature, and relative
humidity. In this study, 115 dual all-day experiments
were conducted using NOx and a variety of organic
species. The organic compounds investigated includ-
ed various paraffins, olefins, aromatics and oxygen-
ates, both singly and in mixtures of two or more com-
ponents. In this report the data collected over the
three-year period of the study are described. The ex-
perimental procedures and analytical methods used in
this study and the limitations and uncertainties of the
data are discussed. Guidance for modeling of the data
Is also given, including a detailed discussion of how to
estimate photoiytic rate constants from the available
UV and total solar radiation data and how to treat such
chamber artifacts as dilution, wall sources and losses
of pollutants, and reactivity of the background air.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Smog, •Mathematical
models. Test chambers, Nitrogen oxides, Photochem-
istry. Temperature, Solar radiation, Humidity. North
Carolina, GraphsfCharts).
PB82-19M21 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
r»tt.OH.
Dotwmlntttion of NltroMmlnM In Industrial and
Munkrtpal Wwtewaters. Final rapt.
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Jonw W. Rhoades, Richard E. Thomas, and Donald E
Johnson. Mar 82,98p* EPA-600/4-82-016
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
The procedural steps of sample preservation, extrac-
tion, cleanup of extracts, and gas chromatographic
separation and detection in the analysis of three N-rri-
trosamfnes were studied. Two gas chromatographic
columns and three detector systems, alkali flame ioni-
zation, thermal energy analyzer, and Hall electrolytic
conductivity, were evaluated. Extractions were por-
formed with dtehtoromethane from Nad saturated and
nonsalted samples at three pH's to determine extrac-
tion efficiencies. The effects of storage for seven days
in the presence of residual chlorine and at two tem-
peratures were determined. Fkxisil and alumina were
compared as adsorbents for the cleanup of extracts.
Recoveries of the substances for dean water and
wastewater were measured, and assessments of ac-
curacy and precision were made. The method is satis-
factory for use with AFID for the analysis of dean
water and wastewater having, a relatively low back-
ground of interferences. With TEA and Halt detection,
samples can be analyzed for nrtrosodimetnyiamine
and nttrosodipropytamine with the sample cleanup. Ni-
trosodfchenylamine must be separated from dlpnerty-
tamlne prior to determination by AFID.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water analysis,
•Amines. 'Nrtroso compounds, Sewage. Industrial
wastes. Chemical analysts. Sampling, Extraction, Gas
chromatography, Separation. "Water pollution detec-
tion.
PBa2-1M704 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
OH.
•M —1——1 — — • B^.— — — — — — — !_* MiA YlMAhMAMt 4tf ••-.—. — .
moioacw rioOMVM HI uiv i rMnnmn or Munid*
Ml Water Supplies.
Public Technology, Inc., Washington, DC.
FHpG. Rice, C. Michael Robson,G. Wade Miller, John
C. Clark, and Wolfgang Kuhn. Jan 82,441 p* EPA-600/
2-82-020
Grant EPA-R-804385
The objective of this project was to study the use of
Biologically Enhanced Granular Activated Carbon
(BEGAC) technology in European water treatment
plants and to determine Its advantages and dteadvan-
tages for use in the United States, Seven European
water works were visited in which chemical preoJdda-
tion followed by rapid medte filtration then GAC ad-
sorption was being practiced and BEGAC process de-
late were gathered.
•Water treatment, Filtration, Adsorption,
tor, Cost analysis, Design. 'Biological proc-
esses, Granular activated carbon treatment State of
the art
PB82-1999S1 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation
System. Part II - User's Guide,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Jonathan E. Kopke. Apr 82,54p EPA-600/4-81-065
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also part 1, PB82-191081.
This publication contains the user's guide to the EPA
Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation System. This
system can receive lists of samples from the Sample
File Control (SFC) System and return the measured
concentrations to that system or the automation
system can operate independently of SFC and only
output the final results to a hardcopy unit It is capable
of interfacing with three continuous flow analyzer de-
tectors simultaneously. It incorporates the following
major features: (1) baseline interpolation between
blanks, (2) multi-point calibration using first second, or
third degree regression or linear interpolation, (3)
timely quality control assessments for spiked samples,
duplicates, laboratory control standards, reagent
blanks, and instalment check standards, (4) reagent
blank subtraction, and (5) plotting of calibration curves
and raw data peaks. This document contains detailed
descriptions and examples of the features of the
system, as they appear to the user. Two related publi-
cations are titled, The Continuous Flow Analyzer Au-
tomation System, Part I - Functional Specifications,'
and The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation
System, Part III - Program Documentation.'.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Samples, Calibrating,
Standards, Concentration{Cornposition}, Laboratory
equipment 'Continuous flow analyzer automation sys-
tems, 'Water pollution detection.
PB8MMM9 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati.OH.
The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation
System. Part III - Program Documentation,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Jonathan E. Kopke. Apr 82,227p EPA-600/4-81 -066
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
This report contains complete documentation for the
21 programs and eight data files of the EPA Continu-
ous Flow Analyzer Automation System. This system
can receive lists of samples from the Sample File Con-
trol System and return the measured concentrations to
that system. It is capable of interfacing with three con-
tinuous flow analyzer detectors simultaneously. It in-
corporates the following major features: (1) baseline
interpolation between blanks (2) multi-point calibration
using first, second, or third degree regression or linear
interpolation, (3) timely quality control assessments for
spiced samples, duplicates, laboratory control stand-
ards, reagent blanks, and instrument check standards,
(4) reagent blank subtraction, and (5) plotting of cali-
bration curves and raw data peaks. In this document
there is a functional description, a symbol definitions
tabfo, a functional flowchart, a program listing, and a
symbol cross reference table for each program. The
structure of every data file Is also detailed. Two related
publications are tilled, The Continuous Flow Analyzer
Automation System Part I - Functional Specifications,'
and The Continuous Flow Analyzer Automation
System. Part II - User's Guide.'.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Standards, Calibrating,
Laboratory equipment, Samples,
ConosfrtratxxXComposraon), Computer programs,
BASICtprogramming language). 'Continuous Flow an-
alyzer automation systems, 'Water pollution detection,
Data General Nova 840 computers.
PB82-200247 PC A06/MF A01
•IftforplogywdAIr Quality Modeling In Complex
Terrains A Literatim Review,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Gerard A. DeMarrais. and Terry L Clark. Apr 82,116p
EPA-600/3-B2-040
Modeling air quality in complex terrain has been and
remains to be a difficult task simply because of the dif-
ficulty in parameterizing the complex wind flow re-
gimes. Due to the complex terrain, significant subme-
soscale forces are established to perturb the mesos-
cale wind field. This literature review summarizes over
250 studies of meteorology and air quality modeling in
complex terrain for the benefit of those who wish to
broaden their knowledge of the subject
Keywords: *Wind(Meteorology), 'Terrain, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Reviews, Mathematical models, Wind pressure.
Mountains, Coasts, Slope, Turbulent flow, Windward
drift. Diffusion, Wind tunnels, ChannelsfWaterways),
Air water interactions, Wind velocity. Heat transfer,
Temperature gradients. Three dimensional flow,
Plumes, Cliffs, 'Katabatic winds, Downwind.
PB82-200288 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Method for Assessing the Effectiveness of
Property Line Noise Control Programs,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
N. P. Miller, and C. W. Dietrich. Jun 80,195p BBN-
3998, EPA/550/9-82-406
Contract EPA-68-01 -3869
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This study describes the basic components found in
four active property line noise control programs and
suggests a method for assessing program effective-
ness. It is for use by local jurisdictions interested in de-
veloping property line noise control or assessing cur-
rent program completeness.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Local government
Project management Houses, Neighborhoods, Con-
trol, Loudness, Surveys, Noise levels, Noise measure-
ment
PB82-200429 PC A06/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Dto-
•sse. Annual rept. no 4, Aug 80-Aug 81.
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
7Aug81,112p'
Contract EPA-68-01 -5773
The report to Congress presents the activities and ac-
complishments of the Task Force on Environmental
Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, in its fourth year.
Three recommendations are discussed: the implemen-
tation and operation of the National Death Index from
the National Center for Health Statistics, the study of
the impediments to epidemiology research, and the
development of a coordinated environmental hearth
education program for clinicians and other health pro-
fessionals. Also discussed in this report are the activi-
ties and progress of the Task Force Working Group
and of the Project Groups: Exposure and Metabolic
Mechanisms, Education of the Public and Hearth Pro-
fessionals, Standardization and Measurements and
Tests. The main Task Force activities are also dis-
cussed in the report
Keywords: 'Heart diseases, 'Respiratory diseases,
'Malignant neoplasms, Epidemiology, Safety, Occupa-
tional diseases, Public hearth, Toxicology, Preventive
medicine, Etiology, 'Cancer, Health education. Envi-
ronmental health, National Death Index, Health man-
power education, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB82-200460 PC A03/MF A01
Phosphate Rock Plants - Background Information
for Promulgated Standards. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 82,48p EPA-450/3-79-017B
See also PB80-141625.
Standards of performance for the control of paniculate
and visible emissions from phosphate rock plants are
being promulgated under the authority of Section 111
of the Clean Air Act These standards apply only to
phosphate rock dryers, cateiners, grinders and ground
rock storage and handling systems for which construc-
tion or modification began on or after September 21,
1979. This document contains comments received on
the proposed standards and responses to those com-
ments. The promulgated standards will limit particulate
emissions from all dryers and from cateiners process-
ing unbeneficiated rock to 0.03 and 0.12 kg/Mo, re-
spectively. Particulate emissions from beneftelated
rock cateiners will be limited to 0.055 kg/Mg. Visible
emissions from all dryers and calciners will be limited
to 10 percent opacity. Particulate emissions from
grinders will be limited to 0.006 kg/Mg with 0 percent
1276 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
opacity. Visible emissions from ground rock storage
and handling systems will be limited to 0 percent opac-
ity-
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Environmental impact state-
ments-final, Particles, Industrial wastes. Standards,
"Air pollution abatement, 'Phosphate rock industry.
PB82-201419 PC A18/MF A01
Background Document for the Financial Test and
Municipal Revenue Test Financial Assurance for
Closure and Post-Closure Care: Appendix A and
B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov81,422p*
The Background Document and Appendices describe
the analysis and development the financial test for clo-
sure and post-closure care financial responsibility. Fi-
nancial assurance is required to be established by
owners or operators of hazardous waste management
facilities under RCRA, Subtitle C Section 3004. The fi-
nancial requirements can be found in 40 CFR Parts
264 and 265, Subpart H. The Background Document
also explains why a municipal revenue test providing
adequate assurance could not be developed.
Keywords: 'Financial management, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Waste disposal, 'Closures, Facilities, Waste
treatment Assets, Liabilities, Businesses, Regulations,
Bonds(Finance), Bankruptcy.
PB82-201567 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Test Protocal: An Environmental Assessment of
Refuse Thermal Processing Facilities,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
Gregory M. Higgtns. Dec 81,101p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6071
This protocol outlines a generalized approach for the
evaluation of hazardous pollutant emissions from
refuse thermal processing facilities. Generalized pro-
cedures for conducting trace organic sampling, sup-
port sampling, and process monitoring activities are
presented. It should be emphasized that these proce-
dures may require modification to satisfy the particular
requirements of a given test program. The primary haz-
ardous pollutants of interest in these evaluations are
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs). Specific analyt-
ical procedures for these compounds are included in
trie protocol. The primary objective of the evaluation
outlined in this protocol is to provide an estimate of the
average concentrations of TCDDs emitted from a facil-
ity during the test period. To this end, a 3-day sampling
program has been specified under the direction of the
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid
Waste (EPA/OSW) to provide a data base similar to
that used by federal regulatory agencies in establish-
ing compliance regulations.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Herbicides, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, 'Dioxin/dibenzo-tetrachloro,
*Dk>»n, Solid wastes.
PB82-201617 PC A07/MF A01
Inventory of Open Dumps.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 82,130p*
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA
or the Act) provides for publication of an inventory of
open dumps. The Act defines 'open dumps' as facili-
ties which do not comply with Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA's) 'Criteria for Classification of Solid
Waste Disposal Facilities and Practices.' EPA has pro-
vided funds to State solid waste management agen-
cies to evaluate disposal facilities against the Criteria.
Through such evaluations the States have been able
to identify facilities which do not comply with the Crite-
ria and are, therefore, 'open dumps'. The facility eval-
uations leading to publication of the inventory were
conducted by State agencies, in accordance with the
Act
Keywords: *State(United States), 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Inventories, State government, Disposal, Regula-
tions, Project planning, States(United States), Law en-
forcement, Environmental impacts, Public law, Rank-
ing, Evaluation, 'Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act of 1976, 'Open dumps.
PB82-201625 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Resource Recovery Div.
Test Protocol Supplemental Fuels Test Burn In
Marquette Cement Kiln at Oglesby, Illinois,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
Gary E. Smith, and Randolph Chrismon. 18 Dec 81,
102p
Contract EPA-68-01-6071
This test protocol was developed to evaluate the tech-
nical and environmental consequences of burning
flammable liquid wastes as a supplemental fuel in a dry
process cement kiln. Primary objectives were to deter-
mine the kiln destruction and removal efficiency (DRE)
of the principle organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs) in the liquid waste, to evaluate the impact of
burning the waste upon atmospheric emissions and
waste kiln dust with special emphasis on trace metals
and chlorine, and to observe the impact on the quality
of the cement clinker produced. This protocol presents
the experimental approach and the sampling, analyti-
cal, and quality assurance procedures required to
achieve these objectives.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Air pollution, 'Kilns, Trace ele-
ments, Metals, Chlorine, Organic compounds, Chim-
neys, Particles, Oxygen, Carbon monoxide, Carbon di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrochloric acid, 'Liquid
wastes.
PB82-201641 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Washington County Project Institutional and
Legal Complexities of Nonpolnt Source Pollution
Control. Summary rept,
Wisconsin Board of Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
tricts, Madison.
Frederick W. Madison. Jul 81, 28p EPA-905/9-81-005
Grant EPA-G-005139
The major objective of the Washington County Project
was to test the potential for nonpoint source regulatory
program on a county-wide basis. Once problems were
defined and solutions were developed, the ultimate
challenges facing the project was to work with local
decision makers to implement those proposals and to
observe and document the successes and failures of
those efforts.
Keywords: 'Farms, 'Water pollution control, Monitor-
ing, Decision making, Sediments, Agricultural econom-
ics, Soil conservation, Cultivation, Watersheds, Ordi-
nances, Rural areas, Economic impact, Education,
Wisconsin, Nonpoint sources, Washington
County(Wlsconsln), Institutional framework.
PB82-201773 PC A03/MF A01
Determination of a Range of Concern for Mobile
Source Emissions of Hydrogen Sulflde. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Craig A. Harvey. Jan 82, 38p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/82-7
This report describes an effort by the Emission Control
Technology Division of the Environmental Protection
Agency to establish a range of concern for hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) emissions from mobile sources. Mathe-
matical models that were previously designed for vari-
ous exposure scenarios (such as enclosed spaces, ex-
pressways, and street canyons) were used to calculate
the ambient air concentrations resulting from various
mobile source hydrogen sulfide emission factors
(grams/mile). In conjunction, with this, a literature
search was conducted by Midwest Research Institute
under contract to EPA to aid in the determination of the
final range of concern. The results of this analysis pro-
vide a range of concern for ambient hydrogen sulfide
concentrations of 0.03 mg/cu m to 14.0 mg/cu m. This
corresponds to motor vehicle emission levels of from
10.5-4,900 mg/mile to 958.5-447,300 mg/mile on the
road and 0.04-204 mg/min to 3.8-1,770 mg/min for
garages, depending on the type of scenario chosen to
represent public exposure. Under non-malfunction
conditions or when the malfunction does not cause a
rich mixture, high catalyst temperature and low ex-
haust space velocity, the resulting H2S emissions are
negligible (below the range of concern for any scenar-
io).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Hydrogen sulfide,
Exhaust emissions, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Motor vehicles, Mobile
point sources.
PB82-202300 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco,
Region IX.
Final Environmental Impact Statement and Report
North Monterey County Facilities Plan. Volume II:
Appendices,
Monterey Peninsula Water Pollution Control Agency,
CA.
Aug 77,223p
Grant EPA-C-06-1066
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, California.
The report is the final Environmental Impact Statement
and Report for the North Monterey County Facilities
Plan includes the unrevised appendices of the Draft
EIS/EIR as published in April 1977.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Waste water reuse, Sewage
disposal, Construction, Salinas River, Irrigation, Air
pollution, Tables(Data), California, Monterey
County(Califomia), Ocean Waste disposal.
PB82-202490 PC A04/MF A01
Lead-Acid Battery Manufacture - Background In-
formation for Promulgated Standards. Draft rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 80,59p EPA-450/3-79-028B
See also PB80-150261. Errata sheet inserted.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from lead-acid battery manufacturing plants are being
promulgated under the authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to new,
modified, or reconstructed facilities at any lead-acid
battery manufacturing plant with the capacity to
produce in one day batteries which would contain in
total an amount of lead greater than or equal to 5.9 Mg
(6.5 tons). This document contains information on
public comments made after proposal, EPA responses
and differences between the proposed and promulgat-
ed standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Manufacturing, Electric batteries, Standards, 'Lead
acid batteries, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB82-202573 PC A24/MF A01
Fossil Fuel Fired Industrial Boilers - Background
Information. Volume 1: Chapters 1-9. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Mar 82,553p EPA-450/3-82-006A
See also Volume 2, PB82-202581.
This document provides background information tor
the fossil fuel-fired industrial boiler source category.
Fossil fuels considered include coal, oil and natural
gas. Background information for industrial boilers in-
cludes a survey of boiler types, sizes, operating char-
acteristics, and existing State and Federal regulations.
Uncontrolled emissions of paniculate matter, sulfur di-
oxide and nitrogen oxides are quantified and factors
affecting these emissions are discussed. Control tech-
nologies for paniculate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitro-
gen oxides are identified and discussed with respect to
the technologies' applicability to industrial boilers, de-
velopmental status, and factors affecting perform-
ance. Emissions data for each technology are also
presented. Finally, environmental, energy and cost im-
pacts of applying these technologies to fossil fuel-fired
industrial boilers are presented and discussed. This in-
formation was developed in support of potential new
source performance standards for industrial boilers.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Boilers, *Air pollution control, Fossil fuels, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides. Technology, Standards, Coal,
Crude oil, Natural gas, Environmental surveys, Eco-
nomics.
December 1983 1277
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EPA PUBUCATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-202581 PC A15/MF A01
Fossil Fuel Bred Industrial Bolters - Background
Information. Volume 2: Appendices. Draft rapt
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA Region
Mar 82,331 p EPA-450/3-82-006B
See also Volume 1. PB82-202573.
The purpose of this study was to develop background
information to support New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) for industrial boilers. Work on this
study was performed by the Acurex Corporation from
June 1978 until February 1980 and by the Radian Cor-
poration after February 1980 under contract with the
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Trie fol-
lowing chronology lists the major events which nave
occurred during the development of background infor-
mation for the industrial boiler NSPS. Major events are
divided into three categories: (1) plant visits and emis-
sion testing, (2) meetings and briefings, and (3) reports
and mailings.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
•Boilers, 'Air pollution control. Fossil fuels, Standards,
Industrial wastes. Tables(Data), Particles,
Concentratk>n(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Coal,
Crude oil, Natural gas.
PB82-203027 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Conservation Tillage Test Results, Aden County,
Ohio for 1981,
Allen Soil and Water Conservation District Lima, OH.
Steve Davis, and Don Vigh. Fob 82,76p EPA-905/9-
82-004
Grant EPA-S-O05552-01
The major objective of the Allen County Project was to
present data results from farmers that participated in
the conservation tillage project This data was to repre-
sent the observations and judgements made on ways
to promote reduction of sediment and nutrients from
entering streams. Cost of labor, equipment and energy
are compared for no-till, conservation tillage and con-
ventional tillage. Crop yields are also compared.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Soil conservation, 'Cultiva-
tion, 'Water pollution abatement Sediments, Runoff,
Nitrogen, Fertilizers, Hybridization, Manpower, Cost
comparison, Energy, Farm crops. Agricultural equip-
ment Yield, HerbKxtes, Alien County(Ohto), Tillage,
No tillage.
PB92-203035 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
Madison Seminar Proceedings: Waste Manage-
ment in Universities and Colleges - July 9-11. Final
rept..
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Larry A. Steinamn. Gordon G. Tavis, Helen H. Madsen,
Eugene Meyer, and John F. Meister. Ju) 80,121p
EPA/905/9-81/001
Contract EPA-68-01-6005
Sponsored in part by Associated of Physical Plant Ad-
ministrators of Universities and Colleges, Washington,
DC.
In response to a request from the Wisconsin Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, Region V of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA) sponsored a
workshop on waste management in universities and
colleges. The workshop consisted of four sessions: (1)
Managing General University Waste/Regulatory Con-
cerns. (2) Chemical Waste Management (3) Low-
Level Radioactive Waste, (4) Research-and-Hospital-
Generated Waste. This report contains all of the work-
shop papers that EPA received for publication.
Keywords: 'Colleges, 'Universities, 'Meetings. Regu-
lations, Chemical compounds, Radtoactive wastes.
Hospitals, Hazardous materials, 'Waste management
Health facilities.
P882-203209 PC A99/MF A01
Nonfoscfl Fuel Fired Industrial Boflera: Back-
ground Information.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangte
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 82, 791p EPA/450/3-82-007
This document provides background information about
air emissions and controlling these emissions for the
nonfossil fuel fired boiler (NFFB) source category. This
source category includes boilers firing wood, bagasse
(sugar cane residue), municipal type solid waste, and
refuse derived fuels. This document identifies the in-
dustries which use NFFBs and the numbers of new
NFFBs expected to be built in 1982 through 1990. The
uncontrolled emissions of paniculate matter, sulfur di-
oxide, and nitrogen oxides are quantified and factors
affecting these emissions are discussed. State and
Federal regulations which apply to the NFFB source
category are summarized. Control technologies to
reduce these emissions are identified and emission
test data are presented. Factors which affect the per-
formance of emission control technologies are also
discussed. Finally, environmental, energy and cost im-
pacts of applying these control technologies to non-
fossil fuel fired boilers are presented and discussed.
This information was developed in support of a poten-
tial new source performance standard for nonfossil
fuel fired boilers.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
•Wood. •Bagasse, "Air pollution control, 'Boilers,
Forecasting, Industrial wastes, Standards, Cost analy-
sis, Combustion products. Environmental surveys,
Sulfur dioxide, State government National govern-
ment Economics, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Solid
PB82-203290 MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substance Inventory: Cumulative Supplement II to
the Initial Inventory.
Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, OH.
May 82,957p EPA-560/7-B2-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4684
Supersedes PB80-220007.
Paper copy available from Supt of Docs.
This is the second Cumulative Supplement to EPA's
Toxic Substance Control Act Chemical Substance In-
ventory: Initial Inventory* which was published in May
1979. This Cumulative Supplement II supersedes both
the Supplement I published in October 1979 and the
first Cumulative Supplement of July 1980. The Initial
Inventory and the Cumulative Supplement II now con-
stitute the Revised Inventory representing a total of
over 58,000 chemical substances, including 1,800 ge-
neric names generated for chemicals whose identities
have been claimed as confidential. The Cumulative
Supplement II lists over 13,000 chemical substances,
including over 1,400 generic names for substances
with confidential identities and 168 'new1 substances
for which premanufacturing notification review has
been completed and that nave actually been intro-
duced in the U.S. market
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys. Inventories, 'Toxic Substance Control Act
PB82-203340 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
RegtonlX
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Proposed
Wastewater Management Program, Uvermore-
Amador Valley, Alameda County, California.
LJvermore-Amador Valley Wastewater Management
Program, Berkeley, CA.
Nov75.46p
Grant EPA-C-O6-1031-010
See also PB82-203365. Prepared in cooperation with
URSCo.,SanMateo,CA.
The purpose of the current study which includes a de-
tailed engineering study and this Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS), is to develop, evaluate, and select a
system to meat the waste dfecharae requirements pro-
mulgated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board
for the VaNey. Valley wastewater has historically been
dtecharged to natural water-courses. The goals of im-
proving and protecting water quality must be pursued
faintly with the goals of improving and protecting the
Vatey-sAirQuaSyr *
Keywords: 'Sewage dfeposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Environmental impact statements-final, Ground
water, Air poflution, Construction, Pipelines, Traffic,
Environmental impacts. CaCfoma, 'Alameda
Courity(Cafifomia).
PB82-203357 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Final Environmental Impact Statement Proposed
Wastewater Management Program, LJvermore-
Amador Valley, Alameda County, California (Sum-
mary).
Livermore-Amador Valley Wastewater Management
Program, Berkeley, CA.
Aug76,29p
Grant EPA-C-06-1031-010
See also PB82-203373. Prepared in cooperation with
URSCo.,SanMateo,CA.
The purpose of this supplement is to provide an updat-
ed environmental impact assessment of the LJver-
more-Amador Valley Water Management Agency's
(LAVWMA) wastewater management program. The
three specific objectives of the supplement are to (1)
assess in more detail the primary impacts associated
with the construction and operation of the proposed
wastewater effluent export pipeline; (2) present the
mitigation measures that have been adopted; and (3)
present an environmental impact assessment of addi-
tional wastewater management alternatives.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Sewage disposal,
•Environmental impact statements-final, Air pollution,
Pipelines, Construction, Population growth, Geological
faults, Wildlife, Vegetation, Archaeology, Hazards, En-
vironmental impacts, ' Alameda County(Califomia), Al-
ternative planning.
PB82-203365 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Final Environmental Impact Statement Proposed
Wastewater Management Program, Uvermore-
Amador Valley, Alameda County, California (Sup-
plemsnt).
uvermore-Amadcf Valley Wastewater Management
Program, Berkeley, CA.
Sep 77,191p
Grant EPA-C-06-1031-010
See also PB82-203357. Prepared in cooperation with
URSCo.,SanMateo,CA.
The purpose of this supplement is to provide an updat-
ed environmental impact assessment of the LJver-
more-Amador Valley Water Management Agency's
(LAVWMA) wastewater management program. The
three specific objectives of the supplement are to (!)
assess in more detail the primary impacts associated
with the construction and operation of the proposed
wastewater effluent export pipeline; (2) present the
mitigation measures that have been adopted; and (3)
present and environmental impact assessment of ad-
ditional wastewater management alternatives.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Pipelines, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-final, Environmental im-
pacts, Construction, Operations, Air pollution, Sewage
disposal, Wildlife, San Francisco Bay, California, 'Ala-
meda County(Califomia).
PB82-203373 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Final Environmental Impact Statement Proposed
Wastewater Management Program, Uvermore-
Amador Valley, Alameda County, California (Sup-
plement Summary).
LJvermore-Amador Valley Wastewater Management
Program, Berkeley, CA.
Sep77,28p
Grant EPA-C-06-1031-010
See also PB82-203340. Prepared in cooperation with
URS Co., San Mateo, CA
This is an environmental impact statement on the pro-
posed wastewater management program of the LJver-
more-Amador Valley Water Management Agency
(LAVWMA). The proposed project would consist basi-
cally of a 15.62 mgd-ADMM (million gallons per day-
average day maximum 'month) capacity pipeline to
export secondarily treated effluent from the LAVWMA
export pump station in Pteasanton to a connection with
the planned East Bay Dischargers Authority (EBDA) in-
terceptor located in San Leandro. Ultimatedly, the
LAVWMA effluent would be discharged into San Fran-
cisco Bay. The LAVWMA wastewater management
program is being proposed in response to a mandate
to remedy the problems associated with surface dis-
1278 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
charge from Livermore-Amador Valley wastewater
treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sewage disposal,
•Environmental impact statements - final, Pipelines,
Construction, Population growth, Ground water, Air
pollution, California, 'Alameda County(Califomia).
PB82-203985 PC A24/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Hilton
Head, South Carolina Wastewater Faciltles Exist-
ing Environment Technical Reference Document
Volume I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Dec 81,574p EPA-904/9-81 -091A
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for Hilton Head Island,
South Carolina. Numerous wastewater management
alternatives have been evaluated with particular atten-
tion to water quality in the area's surface and ground-
water resources and the impacts of projected popula-
tion growth on the natural and human resources of
Hilton Head Island and the surrounding area.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft
'Sewage treatment, Water resources, Hilton Head
Island, Water quality, Surface waters, Ground water,
Regional planning, Water pollution control, South
Carolina.
PB82-203993 PC A09/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Hilton
Head, South Carolina Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
John E. Hagan, III. 12 May 82,188p EPA-904/9-81-
091
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for Hilton Head Island,
South Carolina and contains the Executive Summary.
Topics presented are as follows: Purpose of and need
for action; Alternatives development and evaluation;
Affected environment, environmental consequences
of the alternatives and mitigative measures; Descrip-
tion of the preferred alternative, and EIS coordination.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Sewage treatment, Water resources, Hilton Head
Island, Water quality, Surface waters, Ground water,
Regional planning, South Carolina, Water pollution
control.
PB82-204074 PC A07/MF A01
Air Quality Trends In Regions VIII (1980 Data).
Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO. Sur-
veillance and Analysis Div.
William H. Tabor, Thomas A. Entzminger, and Stephen
C. Bell. Sep 81,131p EPA-908/1-81-002
See also report for 1979, PB81 -103285.
Air quality trends and status for the calendar year 1980
were determined for the six states in Region VIII.
These states include Colorado, Montana, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. Data resi-
dent in the SAROAD national data bank was analyzed.
Statistical tests which detect significant differences
between two populations were utilized to identify
trends. The status and severity of air pollutants was re-
ported as a direct measure of air quality standard and
alert level exceedences. The report includes a summa-
ry of air quality in each nonattatnment area.
Keywords: Air pollution, Trends, Tables)Data), Colora-
do, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyo-
ming, 'Air quality data, *EPA region 8, Storage and re-
trieval of aerometric data.
P882-204082 PC A06/MF A01
Methods of Preventing, Detecting and Dealing
wtth Surface Spills of Contaminants Which May
Degrade Underground Water Sources for Public
Water Systems. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jentai T. Yang, and William E. Bye. Jul 79,118p EPA-
570/9-79-018
This document presents guidelines and technical doc-
uments that can be used by industry, Federal, State
and local government Agencies to assist in eliminating
or minimizing the effects of spills of contaminants that
might adversely affect underground water which sup-
plies, or can reasonably be expected to supply, any
public water system.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Ground water, 'Water pol-
lution, Industries, National government, State govern-
ment, Local government, Hazardous materials, Toxici-
ty, Ratings, Regulations, Accidents, Public utilities, De-
tection, Spills, Clean up, Oil spills.
PB82-204900 PC A08/MF A01
Protection of Ground Water Resources from the
Effects of Accidental Spills of Hydrocarbons and
Other Hazardous Substances (Guidance Docu-
ment). Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jentai T. Yang, and William E. Bye. Jul 79,166p' EPA-
570/9-79-017
The purpose of this study is to prepare guidelines and
technical documents that can be utilized by industry,
Federal, State, and local governmental agencies to
assist in eliminating or minimizing the efforts of spills of
contaminants that might adversely affect underground
water which supplies, or can reasonably be expected
to supply, any public water system. Finally, this report
and guidance fulfill that mandate contained in the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials, 'Hy-
drocarbons, 'Water pollution, Water supply, Industries,
National government, State government. Local gov-
ernment Gelling agents, Public utilities, Hydrogeology,
Aquifers, Monitoring, Well logging, Aerial photography,
Crude oil, Bipdeterioration, Foaming agents, Instruc-
tions, 'Oil spills, Clean up.
PB82-204918 PC A14/MF A01
State of the Art of Small Water Treatment Sys-
tems. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Aug77,302p
This report is a planning tool which provides informa-
tion on small water treatment systems. The content of
this report is directed to the governing bodies respon-
sible for the small water treatment systems so that
they can better understand what is required of them by
the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions regarding treatment of their water and the related
costs. It is directed to the water plant operator or city
engineer to assist one in understanding what can be
expected of various treatment processes with regard
to meeting the maximum contaminant levels (MCL)
specified in the regulations. Finally, the report is direct-
ed to consulting engineers to assist them in planning
for new and/or improved water treatment systems.
The report will provide the engineer with treatment
techniques, design parameters and cost information in
regard to meeting the various MCL's.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment 'Re-
views, Regulations, Hazards, Law(Jurisprudence),
Water supply, Turbidity, Chemical compounds, Cali-
form bacteria, Radioactive wastes, Ion exchanging,
Electrodialysis, Calcium oxides, Coagulation, Sedi-
mentation, Activated carbon, Filtration, Cost analysis,
Pilot plants, Deflorination, Vacuum filtration, Disinfec-
tion, Chlorine, Packaged sewage plants, 'Small water
treatment systems, Reverse osmosis, Line soda
PB82-205626 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Technical Assistance to the City of Alken, South
Carolina. Technical assistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dec 80,148p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Atlanta, GA.
The study was performed with the following objectives:
(1) evaluation of increasing the usable life of landfills;
(2) assess alternatives for disposal; (3) evaluate cen-
tral baling/transfer facility against direct haul; (4)
assess new methods of manure and leaf disposal; (5)
perform market for recyclables; (6) define costs pro-
ductive methods for improved refuse collection. This
document addresses extending the life of landfill,
future disposal alternatives, manure and leaf disposal,
materials recovery, and solid waste collection.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Materials recovery, Waste
disposal, Leayes(Botany), Transportation, Recycling,
Technical assistance, Refuse disposal, Incineration,
Composting, South Carolina, 'Solid waste manage-
ment Sanitary landfills, Manure, Aiken(South Caroli-
na), Solid waste collection systems, Waste recycling.
PB82-205634 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
University of Florida Integrated Utility System
Conceptual Feasibility Analysis and Assessment
Argonne National Lab., IL.
12May78,83p
Contract EPA-68-01-4426
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC. Prepared in cooperation with DSI Resource
Systems Group, Inc.
The purpose of this study is to provide guidance on the
technical and economic feasibility of an integrated utili-
ty system that would use coal and solid waste as fuels
for producing steam and electricity for all of the needs
of the University of Florida. The report includes the
technologies of the existing system, a coal reference
system, a coal cogeneration system, and an integrated
utility system along with the economics of first year op-
eration.
Keywords: Feasibility, Cost analysis, 'Total energy
systems, 'Cogeneration, University of Florida.
PB82-205642 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery Opportunities for Cabarrus County, North
Carolina. Technical assistance program rept.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Sep 80,39p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of resource recovery for the
county. This determination involved an evaluation of
the market potential for energy recovery; the develop-
ment and evaluation of resource recovery alternatives;
and the identification of the major tasks to be per-
formed prior to deciding to implement a resource re-
covery project
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, North Carolina, 'Solid waste management
'Energy recovery. Resource recovery facilities. Waste
heat boilers, Cabarrus County(North Carolina), Waste
recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-20S659 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Evaluation of Resource Recovery Op-
portunities for Colbert and Lauderdale Counties,
Alabama. Technical assistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Sep81,67p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
The study included two visits to Colbert and Lauder-
dale Counties as well as interviews with county, munic-
ipal, and industrial personnel. The study found that
both counties face solid waste disposal problems; new
waste disposal capacity is needed; citizens oppose
new landfills; and per ton disposal costs are increasing
rapidly. Resource recovery alternatives, however, are
feasible for both counties. Preliminary findings are out-
lined in this report.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Waste disposal, Tech-
nical assistance, Alabama, 'Solid waste management,
'Energy recovery, Solid waste disposal, Resource re-
covery facilities, Colbert County(Alabama), Lauderdale
County(Alabama), Waste recycling.
PB82-20S741 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
December 1983 1279
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prettrnlnary Feasibility of Energy Recovery with
Codisposaf for DeJcalb County, Georgia. Technical
assistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Mar 80,77p
Contract EPA-68-01-4941
This report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of energy recovery with and
without the combustion of sewage sludge. Such deter-
mination involved analysis of weighing records for
solid waste handled by the County and County esti-
mates of sludge generated at County sewage treat-
ment plants; development and technical assessment
of alternative energy recovery options; and study esti-
mates of capital and operating maintenance costs as-
sociated with the most viable energy recovery options.
The study conclusion is that the County should give
serious consideration to undertaking an indepth feasi-
bility analysis of energy recovery with codisposal of
sludge, and suggest several technical, economic, fi-
nancing, and legal/institutional areas that should be
given special attention.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Estimates, Cost engi-
neering. Wastes, Technical assistance, Georgia,
'Solid waste management, DeKalb County(Georgia),
•Energy recovery, Combustion heat, Sewage sludge,
Solid waste disposal, Waste recycling, Refuse derived
fuels.
PB82-205758 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Feasibility Study of Resource Recovery Opportu-
nities for Hawkins County, Tennessee. Technical
assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Nov80,47p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of resource recovery for the
County. This determination involved an evaluation of
the market potential for energy recovery from solid
waste, the development and evaluation of resource re-
covery alternatives, and the identification of major
tasks to be performed prior to deciding to implement a
resource recovery project
Keywords: 'Materials recovery. Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, Tennessee, 'Solid waste management,
Hawkins CourrtyfTennessee), 'Energy recovery, Solid
waste disposal, Solid waste collection systems, Waste
recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-205790 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of ContfcHious CMerjMtton on Spat of tfw
Afntricsjn Oyster CCrvasoetrett vtrQlnlcs/). Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Peter F. Sheridan. Dec 81,5pEPA-600/J-81-S41,
ERL.GB-049
Pub. in Estuaries, v4 n4 p376-378 Dec 81. Also pub. as
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL Con-
trib-411.
Newly settled spat of the American oyster (Crassos-
trea virgtrwca) exhibited reduced survival and growth
when exposed to chronic chkxination (as Na-Od).
Spat exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.250 and
0.500 mg per 1 chlorine-produced oxidant (CPO) had
only 20% survival after 12 weeks, compared to 64%
survival in controls. Spat growth was retarded by nomi-
nal concentrations as tow as 0.125 mg per 1 CPO grew
39% and spat exposed to 0.250 mg per 1 CPO had no
net growth. Surviving spat exposed to 0.500 mg per 1
CPO showed an apparent growth increase of 160%,
due mainly to heavy mortality among smaller-sized
spat The numbers of spat (whether surviving or not)
that showed any growth over the 12-week exposure
period decreased with increasing chlorine concentra-
tion. Larger spat were found to be more resistant than
smaller spat to increased chkxination. The mechanism
of growth inhibition in spat (mantle retraction and ces-
sation of feeding) appeared to be similar to that found
in aduft oysters exposed to chlorine.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Chtorination, 'Toxicology,
Concentratjon(Composition), Shellfish, Survival,
Growth, Chkxination, Exposure, Reprints, Crossostrea
virginica, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-205B06
PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Ecology and Spawning Periodicity
of the Atlantic Sltverslde, 'MenkJla msnhfla'
(Pisces: Atherlnldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Douglas P. Middaugh. Apr 82,13p EPA-600/J-81 -103,
ERL.GB-J924
Pub. in Copeia 4, p766-7761981.
The reproduction ecology and spawning periodicity of
the Atlantic sitverside, Menidia menidia, living in the
North Edisto River estuary, South Carolina, was stud-
ied at two sites, Bears Bluff and the Point of Pines,
during the spring and summer of 1976, 1977, and
1978. A specific sequence of behavioral phenomena,
lasting for 30 to 60 minutes, preceded a spawning run
in schooling M. menidia. Spawning rungs occurred
only on daytime high tides and were precisely timed to
coincide with the predicted time of high tide. Spawning
locations along the shoreline at the two study sites
were not evenly distributed. Spawning by large num-
bers of fish in a small area at high tide, when current
velocities were low, resulted in dissolved oxygen de-
pletion to measured concentrations of < 1.0 mg/l.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Marine fishes, * Edisto River Es-
tuary, Reproduction(Biology), Animal behavior, Ocean
tides, Shores, Intertidal zone, Sea grasses, Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Survival, South Carolina, Repnnts,
'Menidia menidia, Spawning, Atlantic siiverside.
PB82-205816 PC A02/MF A01
'Proctoscss' sp. (Trsmatoda: Dtgenea) In the
American Oyster, 'Crassostres virginica'. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
James T. Winstead, and John A. Couch. 1981,12p
EPA-600/J-81-042
Pub. in Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., v100 n3 p296-305
1981.
Histotogical examination of over 6,000 oysters, Cras-
sostrea virginica, inhabiting northern Gulf Coast estu-
aries revealed unencysted junvenile and possible adult
stages of digenetic trematooe, Proctoeces sp., inhabit-
ing the gonadal ducts of the mollusc. The morphology
of the worm is similar to juvenile stages of Proctoeces
described in other bivalves. Infestation is highest in
——i from Mississippi Sound near Pascagoula, Mis-
i with prevalence peaking in early winter and
.. ig off in spring and summer. The worm cfid not
provoke a significant hemocytlc response from the
oyster. Oyster hemocytes were observed inakte the *
gestjve caeca of worms but there was no evidence of
significant germinal feeding of oonadal Impairment to
the oyster. The hooked mussel Bracrddorrtes recurvus,
found attached to shells of oysters, may be significant
In the life cycle of the dtgenean. The possMty of an
altered life cycle In which the worm uses a surrogate
host such as C. virginica In place of a vertebrate (fish)
is hypotesized.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Invertebrates. Mississippi
Sound, Shellfish, Estuaries, Mollusc*, Morphology,
Worms, Mussels, Histology. Trematoda, Mexico Guff,
Reprints, 'Crassostrea virginica, Proctoeces. 'Brachi-
dontes recurvus.
P882-205824 PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Evaluation of Marine Fishes as Carcin-
ogen Assay Subjects. Book chapter,
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL
John A. Couch, Lee A. Courtney, and Steven Foss.
1981,17p EPA-600/D-80-039, ERLGB-0101
Pub. in Phytetic Approaches to Cancer (Japan Sci.
Soc. Press. Tokyo), p125-139 1981.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the National Cancer Inst (NCI) have major responsibil-
ities for determining the fate and risks of carcinogenic
agents in the natural environment Under the auspices
of EPA/NCI, the Carcinogen Research Team at the
USEPA Lab, Gulf Breeze, has a major rote m investi-
gating the fate, effects, and risks of carcinogenic
agents in the aquatic portion of the biosphere. In
regard to this rote, there is a need for practical, experi-
mental exposure systems for the short term, and long
term exposure of fishes and invertebrates in order to
evaluate thefr responses to environmentally significant
carcinogens. A pilot test of the system has been com-
pleted. This test utilized flowing filtered, estuarine
water, controlled water temperature, controlled photo
period, controlled nutrition of test species, oxygen con-
eerrtration monitoring, and various Hfe cycte stages of
the test fish, the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon var-
iegatus, and the suspect carcinogenic herbicide, triflur-
alm. Continuous exposures to 1 to 5 micrograms/1 tri-
fluralin were conducted with zygote, thru embryogene-
sis to adult stages of the fish.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Pesticides, Invertebrates,
Risk, Bioassay, Fishes, Marine biology, 'Cyprinodon
variegatus, Carcinogenesis, Trtfluralin, Dysplasia.
PB82-205832 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
ToxteHy of Bromate to Striped Bass Ichthyopiank-
ton fMorone saxatllis') and Juvenile Spot ('Lelos-
tomus xanthums'). Journal article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict, MD. Benedict Estuarine Research Lab.
Leonard B. Richardson, Dennis T. Burton, and John C.
Rhoderick. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-81 -543,, ERLGB-
0221
Grant EPA-R-804683
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8,
P687-6951981.
Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs (12 h after fertil-
ization) and larvae (4 d after hatching) and juvenile
spot (Letostomus xanthurus) were exposed to a series
of bromate concentrations for 4,10, and 10 d, respec-
tively, using static replacement bioassay techniques.
Three-dimensional mortality response surfaces were
constructed by computerized probit regression tech-
niques. Newly hatched striped bass prolarvae were
most sensitive to bromate and had a 96-h LC50 of 30.8
mg/l (as BrO3-). Four-day-old striped bass larvae were
less sensitive, with 2- to 10-d LCSOs ranging from
605.0 to 92.6 mg/l BrO3, respectively. Juvenile spot
were least sensitive, with 1- to 10-d LCSOs ranging
from 698.0 to 278.6 mg/l BrO3-, respectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bromates, 'Fishes, Plank-
ton, Bass, Fresh water fishes, Water pollution, Larvae,
Eggs, Concentration(Composrtion), Bioassay, Sensi-
tivity, Lethal dosage, Reprints, Morone saxatilis, Leios-
tomus xanthurus.
PWB-205840 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
ChrUn Transformation and Pesticide Interactions
In a Simulated Aquatic Mlcroenvtronmental
System,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
R. J. Porter, and S. P. Meyers. 1981,15p EPA-600/D-
82-081,, ERLGB-102
Grant EPA-R-804976
Pub. in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v22
P543-5551981. Presented at the meeting of the Soci-
ety for Industrial Microbiology in Flagstaff, Arizona,
August 13,1980.
Interactions between the structural anlmo-polysaccha-
ride, chitin, and the organophosphate pesticide, azin-
phcemethyl (Guthion), have been studied in a con-
trolled continuous flow-through microcosm. Pesticide-
induced microbial population changes and increases
in substrate utilization of chitin are noted. Significant
increases in total heterotrophs and chitinoclasts oc-
curred relative to continuous application of aanphos-
methyl. Rapid uptake and utilization of chitin and its de-
rivatives, enhanced by controlled azinphosmethyl ad-
ditions, were examined using a tagged chitin break-
down product, N-(glucosamine-1-14C)-acetyl-D-gluco-
sarrune. Rates of utilization coincided with rapid
14C02 release, assimilation of 14C by microbial cells,
and increases in colony forming units. Data correla-
tions, using microbia) and enzymatic criteria, inoculate
the application of the benchtop microcosm in analyses
of compound impact and substrate turnover.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chitins, Carbohydrates. Poly-
saccharides, Microorganisms, Azinphosmethyl, Guth-
ion.
P882-205857 PC A02/MF A01
An Overview of the Acute and Chronic Effects of
First and Second Generation Pesticides on an Es-
tuarine UysW. Book article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. R. Nimmo, T. L Hamaker, E. Matthews, and J. C.
Moore. 1981,11p EPA-600/D-82-243
Pub. in Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants
(Academic Press), p3-191981.
1280 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Results are reported for laboratory experiments using
the mysid shrimp, Mysidopsis bahia, as a practical test
species for life-cycle studies to determine subtle ef-
fects of toxicants. Ratios of the acute 96-hour lethal
concentrations to the maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) ranged from 0.01 to 0.54, indi-
cating that, in some instances, acute tests would be
predictive of chronic effects. Criteria used to establish
MATC limits were effects on growth, reduced repro-
duction, chronic toxicity and, with two chemicals, re-
production and chronic toxicrty, concurrently. Though
the data base is incomplete, the acute tests with M.
bahia and 11 pesticides show sensitivities within a
factor of 10 to some decapod crustaceans-most of
them being penaeid shrimp. Acute studies conducted
elsewhere show M. bahia to be as sensitive to, or in
many instances, more sensitive than five fresh water
and marine species commonly used in toxicity testing.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Shellfish,
Shrimps, Lethal dosage, Concentration(Compositiqn),
Btoassay, Sensitivity, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Mysidopsis bahia.
PB82-205865 PC A02/MF A01
Interferogram-Based Infrared Search System.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
James A. de Haseth, and Leo V. Azarraga. 1981, 7p
EPA-600/J-81-548
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v53 n14 p2292-2296
1981. Prepared in cooperation with Alabama Univ.,
University.
A computerized search routine for the identification of
infrared spectra using interferometnc data exclusively
is described. Two forms of instrument-dependent in-
formation present in raw interferometric data are re-
moved prior to the search process. Interferometric
phase error is removed by a convolution process. The
instrument function is eliminated by vector subtraction.
The search routine was applied to several target com-
pounds using a collection of 3300 infrared vapor-
phase interferograms maintained at the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Environmental Research
Laboratory in Athens, GA. Even by using a primitive
matching algorithm for searching 'unknowns' within
the library, excellent results were obtained. In all cases
the target compounds were perfectly matched, as ex-
pected for an internal library search; however, all the
nonexact matches were well distinguished from the
exact match and in all cases were structurally similar to
the target compound. The capability to locate errone-
ous entries in the library is demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Infrared spectroscopy, 'Interferometers,
Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Computer aided analy-
sis, Computer applications.
PB82-205873 PC A02/MF A01
The Behavior of Asbestos-Cement Pipe Under
Various Water Quality Conditions: Part 2, Theoret-
ical Considerations. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Michael R. Schock, and Ralph W. Buelow. Dec 81,19p
EPA-600/J-81-526
Pub. in Jnl. AWWA, p636-651 Dec 81.
Field, pilot-plant and theoretical studies show that as-
bestos-cement pipe can be used safely to transport
drinking water provided that certain constraints, based
on complicated chemical factors, are observed. Natu-
ral inhibitory factors, not calcite saturation, are the
common protective mechanisms. Also, introduction of
zinc compounds for in-situ pipe coatings promises to
be an effective protection mechanism rf the pipe has
not deteriorated. Corrosion-control compounds often
cannot correct pipe deterioration because the effec-
tiveness of such methods depends on the quality of
trie surface of the pipe. The aqueous chemical model
developed in this study for zinc solubility is also appli-
cable to the dissolution of galvanized pipe and removal
of zinc by carbonate and hydroxide precipitation.
Keywords: *Pipes(Tubes), 'Asbestos, 'Protective
coatings, 'Water pollution control, Potable water, Field
tests, Pilot plants, Safety, Corrosion inhibitors. Re-
prints.
PB82-205881 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Telephotometer Measurements of
Extinction Coefficients with Scattering and Ab-
sorption Coefficients. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. G. Dzubay, and K. W. Clubb. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-
81-015
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n12 p2617-
26241981.
During the summer of 1979, coefficients for light ex-
tinction in the atmosphere were calculated from meas-
urements made with a telephotometer placed 251 m
from a black target in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. The results are well correlated (r = 0.92 to
0.96) with integrating nephelometer measurements of
scattering coefficients and are highly correlated (r =
0.99) with daily averages of sums of scattering and ab-
sorption coefficients. The average sum of scattering
and absorption coefficients accounts for about 90% of
the average telephptometricajly measured extinction
coefficient; absorption by particles and nitrogen diox-
ide contributes 7% and 2%, respectively. From analy-
sis of aerosol mass and composition, it is inferred that
sulfate and its cations were the major cause of light ex-
tinction and haze at the measurement site.
Keywords: 'Light transmission, Light scattering, Visi-
bility, Sulfates, Air pollution, Reprints, 'Extinction coef-
ficients. 'Atmospheric transmissrvity, Telephotometry,
Air quality.
PB82-205899 PC A02/MF A01
Application of a Telephotometer to Visibility
Measurements In the Eastern United States. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thomas G. Ellestad, and Ronald E. Speer. 1981, 9p
EPA-600/J-81-024
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v15 n12 p2443-
24491981.
Theories of light extinction and contrast reduction by
atmospheric aerosols are reviewed. Measurements by
a telephotometer of the relatively turbid atmosphere of
the eastern U.S. are described. Because of current
levels of extinction, it is feasible to apply a dual target
technique first described by Ruhle, which corrects for
the targets' imperfect blackness and stray light imper-
fections in the telephotometer optics. Measurements
have been made during an intensive visibility study in
the Ohio River Basin. These results compare favorably
to independent measures of scattering and absorption
coefficients. Complications introduced by uneven illu-
mination due to clouds are found to be surprisingly
small; onry the most obvious cases of poor illumination
need be excluded.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Light transmission, Aerosols,
Light scattering, Air pollution, Reprints, 'Extinction co-
efficients, 'Atmospheric transmissrvity, Eastern
Regk>n(United States), Telephotometry, Air quality.
PB82-205907 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Reuse of Urban Stormwater. Journal arti-
cle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, and Chi-Yuan Fan. Feb 81,12p EPA-
600/J-81-547
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
ASCE,v107nEE1 p171-189Feb81.
As population and industry grow, water demand in-
creases, and water supply becomes more of a prob-
lem. It has been estimated that the total gross water
intake for all purposes in the United States will exceed
the total available water supply of 650 billion gal/day
(2.5 billion cu m/day) by the year 2000. Therefore,
wastewater reclamation will become a more significant
means of augmenting water supply. Reclamation of
municipal wastewater for industry, nonportable domes-
tic usages, and groundwater recharge has been prac-
ticed in the United States over the past several dec-
ades. In a 1971 United States Environmental Protec-
tion Agency supported (EPA) nationwide survey, it was
estimated that current reuse of treated municipal
wastewater for industrial water supply, irrigation, and
groundwater recharge was 53.5 billion gal/yr, 77 billion
gal/yr, and 12 billion gal/yr, respectively.
Keywords: 'Industrial water, *Runoff, 'Waste water
reuse, 'Sewage treatment, Water conservation, Con-
trol systems, Water consumption, Water supply, Urban
areas, Cooling, Parks, Reprints, 'Storm water runoff.
PB82-205915 PC A02/MF A01
Urban Runoff Receiving Water Impacts: Program
Overview. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, and Robert Turkeltaub. Feb 81,12p
EPA-600/J-81-546
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
ASCE,v107nEE1 p83-100Feb81.
Receiving water impacts are a major national concern.
The US is spending billions of dollars on secondary
treatment plants, meanwhile unban Stormwater and
combined sewer overflow (CSO) are still uncontrolled.
To attain the goals set forth in PL 92-500 and PL 95-
217 in an economical and efficient manner, those ana-
lyzing, planning, and designing controls must have an
understanding of the impact of pollutants on receiving
waters.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Combined sewers, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Storm sewers, Overflows, Design, Envi-
ronmental impacts. Streams, Weather, Reprints,
'Storm water runoff, 'Urban hydrology.
PB82-205923 PC A02/MF A01
International Study on 'Artemla'. XVI. Survival,
Growth and Reproductive Potential of the Mysid,
'Mysidopsis bahia' Motenock Fed Various Geo-
graphical Strains of the Brine Shrimp, 'Artemla'.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. Michael Johns, Walter J. Berry, and William Walton.
1981,13p EPA-600/J-81-187, ERLN-186
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v53 p209-2191981. See also PB82-181785.
Newly-hatched Artemia nauplii from different geo-
graphic locations were fed to Mysidopsis bahia Molen-
ock to test their suitability as a food source for labora-
tory populations of the mysid.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Feeding stuffs, 'Marine
fishes, Growth, Shrimps, Reproduction(Biology),
Brazil, Italy, California, Utah, Australia, Comparison,
Reprints, Mysidopsis bahia, 'Artemia nauplii.
PB82-205931 PC A02/MF A01
Growth of Postlarval Atlantic SHversldes In Four
Temperature Regimes.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
1981, 5p EPA-600/J-81 -115, ERLN-180
Pub. in Progressive Fish Culturist, v43 n3 p146-148 Jul
81.
Fourteen-day-old Atlantic silve sides were exposed
over a period of four weeks to four different constant
or cyclic temperature regimes. The four regimes used
were: 'ambient'(A) - ambient temperature (17.8 to
21.9C) throughout the experiment; 'heated'(H) - 8 + or
-1C above ambient throughout the experiment; 'ambi-
ent 1, heated 2' (H1 ,A2) - ambient during weeks 1 and
3, 8 + or -1C above ambient during weeks 2 and 4;
and 'heated 1, ambient 2' (H1 ,A2) - 8 + or -1C above
ambient during weeks 1 and 3, ambient during weeks 2
and 4. Measurements of growth (wet weight) made
during this period suggest that Atlantic silver-sides
hatching in the warmer waters of upper marsh and tidal
rivers would grow at a greater rate, other things being
equal, than fish hatching in colder Narragansett Bay
waters.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Temperature measure-
ment 'Estuaries, Larvae, Growth, Correlation, Length,
Weight(Mass), Shrimps, Feeding stuffs, Heating,
Marshes, Tidal currents, Narragansett Bay, Reprints,
'Menidia menidia.
PB82-205949 PC A02/MF A01
Inactivation of 'Glardla' Cysts by Chlorine. Journal
article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH,
Eugene W. Rfce, John C. Hoff, and Frank W. Schaefer,
III. 24 Aug 81, 4p EPA-600/J-81 -225
December 1983 1281
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v43
n1p250-251Jan82.
This study was undertaken to determine the viability of
Qiardia lamblia cysts shed from an asymptomatic carri-
er and to correlate the chlorine resistance of these
cysts with those from a symptomatic carrier and an-
other Giarctta species, G. muris, which is infective for
mice.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Cysts, Invertebrates, Protozoa,
Viability, Reprints, Giardia lamblia, 'Water pollution
control.
PB82-205956 PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring Water Fitters for Asbestos Removal.
Journal article.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gary S. Logsdon, James M. Symons, and Thomas J.
Sorg. C1981,13p EPA-600/J-80-167
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
ASCE, v107 nEE6 p1297-1315 Dec 81.
Water filtration processes can reduce the asbestos
fiber count in drinking water by 90 to 99.9 percent or
more. Effective fiber removal requires very dose con-
trol of the treatment process. Monitoring of filtered
water turbidity can indicate the efficacy of treatment,
even though the asbestos fiber concentration is too
low to register as turbidity. Turbidity monitoring works
because when water is properly prepared for filtration,
passage of asbestos fibers through the filter is indicat-
ed by the passage of floe, as shown by higher turbidrty.
Filtered water turbidity should be 0.10 ntu or below for
best fiber removal. Continuous monitoring of each filter
module at a treatment plant is recommended. These
findings are based on studies at Duluth, Two Harbors,
and Srtver Bay on Lake Superior; Seattle's Tori reser-
voir, and on data obtained from the San Francisco Bay
area.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Filtration, 'Water treatment
Rbers, Monitoring, Amphibotes, Diatomaoaous earth,
Granular materials. Turbidity, Reprints.
PB82-205964 PC A02/MF A01
A PotycMorinated Dlbenzofuran and Rotated
Compounds In an Estuartne Ecosystem. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett Rl.
James L Lake, Peter F. Rogerson, and Curtis B.
Norwood. 1981,7p EPA-600/J-81-122, ERLN-152
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
n5 0549-552 May 81.
A 2,4,8-trichkxodfcenzofuran, a tetrachlorodphenyl
ether, and a trichlorodiphenyl ether have been identi-
fied in samples of edible marine organisms and sus-
pended paniculate material obtained from Narragan-
sett Bay, Rl. Rapid declines in the concentrations of
these compounds with increased distance from the
highly polluted northern bay strongly suggest an
upper-bay source. Comparisons of the characteristics
of this contamination with those from known chemical-
plant inputs and with those in PCBs, chkxophenote,
and wastes from municipal incinerators indicate chem-
ical-plant discharges as the most likely source.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Chlorine organic com-
pounds. Samples, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island,
Aquatic animals. Segments, Reprints, 'Dibenzofuran/
trichtoro, 'Ether/tetrachtoro-dfchenyl.
P692-205972 PC A02/MF A01
Seasonal Species Composition of Barnacle
Larvae (CMpedbc Thoradca) In Rhode Island
Waters, 1977-1978.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
1961,11pEPA-600/J-81-109,ERLN-188
Pub. in Jnl. of Plankton Research, v3 n4 p567-575
1981.
Onpede larvae can occur year-round in temperate
and tropical waters, often in significant numbers, yet
the species composition of the 'Balance sp.1 compo-
nent is rarely studied. Weekly plankton samples were
analyzed qualitatively for larval cirripede species and
stage over a year (1977-1978) at two Rhode Island
jitj»5ri-rm
scsDons.
Keywords: 'Barnacles, 'Larvae, •Narragansett Bay,
Temperature measurement, Salinity, Winter, Summer,
Rhode Island, Reprints, Semibalanus balanoides, Ba-
lanus balanus, Balanus crenatus.
PB82-205980
PC A02/MF A01
'Cancer irroratus*
Physiological Studies on
Larvae. II. Effects of Temperature and Salinity on
Physiological Performance. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett Rl.
0. Michael Johns. 1981, 9p EPA-600/J-81 -224, ERLN-
201 .
Pub. in Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v6 D309-315
1981.
Larvae of the rock crab Cancer irroratus were cultured
under specific environmental regimes to examine the
influence of temperature and salinity on respiration
and excretion rates during development In addition,
the type of biochemical substrate used for energy pro-
duction was determined. The allometric relationship
between oxygen consumption and body weight (VO2)
was found to be affected by temperature but not by sa-
linity. The data suggest that the successful develop-
ment and recruitment of rock crab larvae is influenced
by environmental conditions within their tolerance
limits where physiological performance is impaired to
such an extent that they are less fit to effectively com-
pete within the zooplankton community.
Keywords: 'Temperature, 'Salinity, 'Crabs, Larvae,
Physiological effects. Respiration, Excretion, Reprints,
Cancer irroratus, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-205998 PC A02/MF A01
Physiological Studies on 'Cancer Irroratus'
Larvae. I. Effects of Temperature and Salinity on
Survival, Development Rate and Size. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett Rl.
D. Michael Johns. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-81 -186,
ERLN-197
Pub. in Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v5 p75-83
1981.
Larvae of the rock crab Cancer irroratus were found to
be eurythermal and stenohaline during development
Comparison of these laboratory-determined data on
survival and growth with available field data on the life
history of C irroratus suggests that the majority of
larvae are released during that portion of the spawning
period when larval wastage would be minimized and
recruitment to the parental and regional populations
would be maximized.
Keywords: 'Temperature, 'Salinity, 'Crabs, Larvae,
Growth, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Antmals).
PB82-206004 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of Add Perturbation on a Controlled
Ecosystem. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Heinz P. Koilig, andTom L Hall. 26Oct81,11p EPA-
600/J-81-357
Pub. in Water, Air, and SoU Pollution 17, p225-233 Feb
82.
Duplicate, 8-compartment continuous-flow micro-
cosms were used to study the effects of acid addition
on community function, algal community structure, and
degradation of a plasticczer, diethyl phthalate. Inputs of
HC1 decreased the alkalinity (measured as CACO3)
from 25 to 8 mg/l, creating diurnal H+ activity curves
that indicated that the ecosystem was being severely
stressed. Removal of excess acid was accompanied
by a return to a normal dumalpH cycle. Nutrient con-
centrations and O2 production dkJ not give a definite
indfcation of stress resulting from the addition of acid.
Algal community structure and total biomass were not
affected by acid inputs. Also, degradation rates of
diethyl phthalate by the aquatic bacteria were similar
for the control and the acid-stressed systems.
Keywords: 'AckJrty, 'Algae, 'Water pollution, Hydro-
chloric acid, Alkalinity, Calcium carbonates, Coal, Nu-
tnents, Oxygen, Stresses, Degradation, Bacteria,
Marine microorganisms. Environmental impacts.
Fossil fuels, pH, Carbon dwxkte, Bi" ~ '
Pntnalates, Reprints, Microcosm
Phthafic acid/(cietfiyl-ester).
PB82-206012 PC A02/MF A01
Liquid and Gas Chromatographte Analysis of
Diethyl Phthalate In Water and Sediment Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
William R. Payne, Jr., and Jacquelyn E. Benner. 18 Jun
81, 8p EPA-600/J-S1 -145
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v64 p1403-1407 Nov 81.
Diethyl phthalate was determined in water and sedi-
ment by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and in water by gas-liquid chromatography with
electron capture detection (GLC-ECD). Water samples
were extracted with hexane, using a high-speed ho-
rnogenizer-ultrasonic apparatus and a test tube mixer.
Sediments were Soxhlet-extracted using acetonitrile.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Chemical analysis.
Water analysis, Sediments, Water pollution. Extrac-
tion, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Phthalic
acid/(dietnyt-estef), 'High performance liquid chroma-
tography, Electron capture detectors.
PB82-206020 PC A02/MF A01
Semi-Empirical Estimation of Sorptton of Hydro-
phobic Pollutants on Natural Sediments and Soils.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Samuel W. Karickhoff. 1981,16p EPA-600/J-81 -147
Pub. inChemosphere, v10n8p833-846 1981.
Methods were developed for estimating the equilibri-
um sorption behavior of hydrophobic pollutants. At tow
pollutant concentration (aqueous phase concentra-
tions less man half the solubility), sorption isotherms
were linear, reversible, and characterized by a partition
coefficient K(p). Partition coefficients normalized to
organic carbon, K(oc)(K(oc) = K(p)/fractk>n organic
carbon), were highly invariant over a set of sediments
and softs collected from throughout the nation. Equa-
tions for estimating K(oc) from water solubility (includ-
ing crystal energy) and octanol/water partition coeffi-
cients were developed. The predictive equations were
tested on literature sorption data and found to esti-
mate measured K(oc)'s generally within a factor of
two.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sorption, 'Sediments,
•SoHs, 'Chemical equilibrium, Solution, Reprints, Nu-
merical solution.
PB82-206434 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA Region
Technical Assistance to the City of Birmingham,
Alabama. Technical assistance program rept series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct80,81p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Atlanta, GA.
This study details technical assistance rendered the
City of Birmingham, Alabama, in the area of solid
waste management The report entails the review and
evaluation of costs-reduction plans developed by the
Birmingham Department of Streets and Sanitation,
identification of other costs-reducing methods, and a
review and analysis of current collection equipment
with a plan to reduce overall systems costs, including
manpower.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Waste disposal, Cost engi-
neering, Equipment Refuse disposal, Technical as-
sistance, Alabama, 'Solid waste management
Birrningham(Alabama), Solid waste collection sys-
tems.
PB82-206442 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery Opportunities for Upton County, Tennessee.
Technical assistance program rept series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston. MA.
Nov80,45p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
To assist Tipton County in establishing the feasibility of
a resource recovery facility, the study initially focused
on a review of the existing solid disposal system in
1282 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
order to develop a preliminary estimate of the amount
of waste available for processing in a resource recov-
ery facility and to establish the remaining useful life of
the County landfill. It appears that a sufficient tonnage
of waste is available for processing in a resource re-
covery facility.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, Tennessee, *Solid waste management,
Tipton CountyfTennessee), 'Energy recovery, Re-
source recovery facility, Solid waste disposal, Sanitary
landfills, Waste recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-206459 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Analysis of Resource Recovery Alter-
native for FayettevIHe, Tennessee. Technical as-
sistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Aug81,19p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report analyzes the economic feasibility of poten-
tial resource recovery facilities in Fayetteville, Tennes-
see. Both current solid waste resources and local in-
dustry needs were assessed. Economic projections
were then developed for 50, 72, and 100 tons per day
modular combustion resource recovery systems.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, Tennessee, 'Solid waste management,
FayettevillefTennessee), 'Resource recovery facili-
ties, Waste heat boilers, 'Steam generation, Energy
recovery, Waste recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-206467 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Evaluation of Resource Recovery Opportunities
for Mobile, Alabama. Technical assistance program
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct81,48p
Contract EPA-68-6004
The report focuses on technical assistance to the City
of Mobile in establishing the feasibility of resource re-
covery. The study reviews the City and County's col-
lection and disposal systems, surveys the industrial
and institutional energy users, reviews existing tech-
nologies, develops a preliminary system definition with
first order' economics for a Mobile project and assist
the City in legal/institutional concerns. A modular/
waste heat boiler system with a discrete fossil-fuel-
fired superheater with a throughput of 250 TPD7 is rec-
ommended in order to produce turbine-quality steam.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Refuse collection,
Technical assistance, Alabama, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, Mobile(Alabama), Energy recovery, Solid waste
disposal, Solid waste collection systems, 'Waste heat
boilers, Steam generation, 'Resource recovery facili-
ties, Refuse derived fuels, Waste recycling.
PB82-206483 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
PreNminary Analysis of Energy Recovery Poten-
tial for Lancaster County, South Carolina. Techni-
cal assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct81,35p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
This study was made to determine the economic feasi-
bility of converting solid waste resources into low pres-
sure process steam to meet energy requirements of
local industry. Economic projections for both a 50 TPD
and a 72 TPD systems were developed and financing
methods are discussed.
Keywords: Industries, Waste disposal, Technical as-
sistance, South Carolina, 'Solid waste management,
'Energy recovery. Steam generation, 'Resource re-
covery facilities, Lancaster County(South Carolina),
Energy requirements, 'Waste recycling, 'Refuse de-
rived fuels.
PB82-206962 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
General Design Study of Pilot VOC Control Units,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
C. B. Henke, J. A. Key, C. S. Parmele, and H. S.
Basdekis. Apr 81,85p 9223, EPA-600/2-82-064
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
(IERL), in support of the Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Program, has established a project for design, con-
struction and operation of four pilot emission control
units which will be transportable and represent state-
of-the-art technology. The control technologies repre-
sented in the pilot systems will be (1) carbon adsorp-
tion with regeneration, (2) thermal incineration with
heat recovery, (3) catalytic incineration with heat re-
covery, and (4) condensation. It is anticipated that the
four systems will be used on actual VOC emissions
from industrial processes for definition of control VOC
emissions from industrial processes for definition of
control feasibility, efficiencies, and to provide data for
system scale-up. Since existing designs for small ad-
sorption or incineration systems are not flexible
enough to meet the needs of these applications, the
pilot systems will be designed to meet the specifica-
tions outlined in this report The designs for these pilot
systems include provisions for collecting all of the data
necessary to evaluate the performance of the system
and to provide a sound design basis for a full-scale
system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. Pilot plants, Industrial
wastes, Technology, Adsorption, Incinerators, Cata-
lysts, Condensation, Design criteria, Feasibility, Oxida-
tion, Performance evaluation, Catalysis, Organic com-
pounds, 'Volatile organic compounds, Air quality,
State of the art.
PB82-206996 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Study of Solid Waste Management Alternatives
for the City of Murray, Kentucky. Technical assist-
ance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct79,95p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4941
The objectives were to assess current residential and
commercial solid waste collection programs, examine
solid waste collection system upgrading alternatives,
evaluate the feasibility of solid waste baling and trans-
fer, and to determine the potential market for discard-
ed materials from a recovery program. Some of the
conclusions are: a separation program has potential;
recovery of aluminum is a high probability; markets for
paper and ferrous metals do exist; the use of satellite
vehicles would be more productive; curb-side collec-
tion is recommended; four person crews can be re-
duced to two; and a backdoor collection system would
be more cost efficient.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Materials recovery, Separa-
tion, Aluminum, Papers, Iron alloys, Metals, Recycling,
Technical assistance, Waste disposal, Kentucky,
'Solid waste management, Murray(Kentucky), Solid
waste collection systems.
PB82-207077 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility of Resource Recovery for
City of Rome and Floyd County, Georgia. Techni-
cal assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jul79,120p
Contract EPA-68-01-4426
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of energy and materials re-
covery. Such determination involved estimates of
waste quantity and its composition, evaluation of the
market potential for energy and materials recovery, de-
velopment and assessment of alternative solid waste
management options, and an examination of the legal/
institutional aspects of resource recovery implementa-
tion.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Waste disposal, Alu-
minum, Glass, Papers, Iron alloys, Metals, Technical
assistance, Georgia, 'Solid waste management,
Rome(Georgia), Floyd County(Georgia), Energy recov-
ery, Steam generation, Solid waste disposal, Waste re-
cycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-207085 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Preliminary Evaluation of Resource Reovery as an
Industrial Development Catalyst for Catawba
County, North Carolina. Technical assistance pro-
gram rept.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct81,40p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
Analysis has been performed to determine the feasibil-
ity of utilizing resource recovery as an incentive for in-
dustry to locate new facilities in Catawba County,
North Carolina. This report discusses the selection of a
technical^ suitable resource recovery alternative for
Catawba County; an economic evaluation of that
option based on the premise that a suitable energy
market can be secured; the obstacles and opportuni-
ties associated with the concept of exploiting resource
recovery as an industrial development catalyst and
steps the County can take toward project implementa-
tion once a suitable energy market is identified.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery. Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, North Carolina, 'Solid waste management
Catawba County(North Carolina), 'Energy recovery,
Resource recovery facilities, Solid waste disposal,
Steam generation, Industrial development, Waste re-
cycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-207127 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Impacts on Human Health from the Coal and Nu-
clear Fuel Cycles and Other Technologies Associ-
ated with Electric Power Generation and Trans-
mission,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL
Edward P. Radford. JulSO, 59p EPA-600/7-81-055
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
The report evaluates major public health impacts of
electric power generation and transmission associated
with the nuclear fuel cycle and with coal use. Only ex-
isting technology is evaluated. For the nuclear cycle,
effects of future use of fuel reprocessing and long-
term radioactive waste disposal are briefly considered.
The health effects of concern are those leading to de-
finable human disease and injury. Health effects are
scaled to numbers of persons and activities associat-
ed with a nominal 1000-megawatt electric plant fueled
by either option. Comparison of the total hearth effects
to the general public shows that the health risks from
the coal cycle are about 50 times greater than for the
nuclear cycle (coal, 0.7-3.7 major health effects per
1000 MWe per year, nuclear, 0.03-0.05 per 1000 MWe
per year). For workers, these rates are higher. No evi-
dence is found that electrical transmission contributes
any health effects to the general public, except when
broken power lines come in contact with people.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Industrial hygiene, Occupational
diseases, Injuries, Nuclear fuels, Radiation effects, Nu-
clear power plants, Uranium, Electric power genera-
tion, Electric power transmission, 'Nuclear facilities,
'Environmental health, Fuel fabrication plants, 'Occu-
pational safety and health.
PB82-207135 PC A03/MF A01
Measurment of Loblolly Pine Terpene Emissions
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. L Seila, R. R. Amts, R. L Kuntz, F. L. Mowry, and K.
R. Knoerr. Apr 82,50p EPA-600/3-82-010
A new method for quantifying btogenic hydrocarbon
emission rates without disturbing the vegetation is pre-
sented. An energy balance/Bowen ratio approach was
used to estimate fluxes of alpna-pinene from measure-
ments of net radiation and vertical gradients of alpha-
pinene, temperature, and water vapor above the forest
canopy. The mean flux for 20 determinations ranging
from 19 to 84 micrograms/sq m/min was 41 mfero-
grams/sq m/min. This method was compared to an
enclosure method, in which foliage is enclosed with a
Teflon bag for emission rate determinations. For this
comparison the energy balance/Bowen ratio flux
values were converted to emission rate units of micro-
grams alpha-pinene per gram dry needle mass per
hour using site specific biomass factors. Seventeen
enclosure method determinations from mature loblolly
pine trees yielded a median value of 4.7 micrograms/
December 1983 1283
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
g/h over a range of 1.2 to 32 micrograms/g/h. While
both methods displayed relatively high variances, the
variance of the enclosure method was considerably
higher than that of the energy balance/Bowen ratio
method. There was no statistically significant differ-
ence of results between the two methods.
Keywords: 'Pine trees, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution,
Monitoring, Photochemistry, Ozone, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Comparison, 'Biological processes, 'Energy
balance, 'Bowen ratio balance, Volatile organic com-
pounds. Numerical solution.
PB82-207150 PC A04/MF A01
Enwonmental Monitoring and Support Lab.- Cincin-
nati, OH.
A Guide to the Freshwater Tubtficktoe (Annelida:
Cttetata: OUgocruwta) of North America. Final
rept,
Ecological Analysts, Inc., Northbrook, IL
Kurt S. Stimpson, Donald J. Klemm, and Jart K.
Hiltunen. Mar 82,72p EPA-600/3-82-033
In North America, the freshwater annelid worms (Qitel-
lata: ONgochaeta), belonging in the family Tubifictdae,
are composed of 18 genera, 54 species, one subspe-
cies, and several variant forms. All taxa can be identi-
fied by external and internal morphological features.
This guide presents an introduction to the general biol-
ogy of the Tuomctdoe, collecting and processing meth-
ods, a species list an artificial illustrated key, a glossa-
ry, an annotated systematic list and a selected bibliog-
raphy.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Freshwater biology, 'Aquatic bi-
ology, 'Water pollution. Manuals, Indicator species.
Taxonomy, Dtstributkxi(Property), Ecology, Annelida,
CWeHata, Oiigochalte, 'Tubificidae.
PB82-207168 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.- Cincin-
nati, OH.
Freshwater^ Smite (MoNusca: Gastropoda) of
Noi III AnMrtcft. Final rept,
Michigan Univ., Arm Arbor.
J. B. Surch. Apr 82,303p EPA-600/3-82-026
Contract EPA-68-03-1280
Freshwater gastropod moHusks are represented in
North America (north of Mexico) by 15 families, 78
genera and, as treated in this manual, 499 species.
They are grouped into two large subclasses, the giH-
breathing, operculated Prosobranchia and the lung-
breathing, non-opercutated Pulmonata. The proso-
branch snails are represented by 49 genera and 349
species, and the putmonate snaHs by 29 genera and
150 species. Systematics are not wed worked out in
many groups, which makes a definitive listing of spe-
cies somewhat arbitrary at this time.
Keywords: 'Snails, 'Motlusca, 'North America, Fresh
water biology. Indicator species, Benthos,
DtetributiorKProperty), Invertebrates, Gastropoda,
PB82-207457 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta. GA. Region
IV.
^BAMmj«AOT«AM4
•••rasvnivni
County, Norm CaroHra. Technical assistance
program rept series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA
Jan81,70p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
This study is an analytical assessment of solid waste
management options, including: transfer stations,
baling, shreddnrg, incineration, and sanitary landfills.
Conclusions speak to modular incineration with and
without energy recovery as the most i "
b«ty for the County of New Hanover, North
Keywords: Waste dfeposal, Recycling, Materials re-
covery, Shreddmg, Technical assistance. North Caroli-
na, 'Sofid waste management Incineration, Sanitary
tandfiHs, New Haix>verC«jrrty(ttxthQirofina), Energy
recovery, Waste recycling.
PB82-207465 PC A03/MF Ml
Envronmerrtal Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
CaroBnaL
Preliminary Assessment of Modular Waste-to-
Energy Technology as an Energy Source for the
W. E. Swoope Steam Plant New Smyrna Beach,
Florida. Technical assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jan81,45p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
This report presents the results of a preliminary as-
sessment of the feasibility of resource recovery, in par-
ticular, a tow-BTU hot gas system, as a means of dis-
placing natural gas used in the City's electricity gener-
ating plant This work involved assessing the technical
feasibility of three waste-to-energy concepts under
various assumptions of waste throughput and utility
boiler operating levels. In addition, study-level esti-
mates were developed. The final aspect of this study
involved identifying the major tasks to be performed by
the City and the utilities commission prior to imple-
menting a resource recovery project These activities
reflect the results of three site visits to the City of New
Smyrna Beach, Florida, and discussions with City offi-
cials and personnel from the utilities commission, City
of New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants. Assessments,
Technology, Feasibility, Cost analysts. Boilers, Substi-
tutes, Fuels, Graphs(Charts), 'Solid wastes, •Refuse
derived fuels, 'Fuel substitution, New Smyrna
Beach(Rorida), Low btu gas.
PBS2-207481 PC A04/MF A01
Blue Creek Watershed Project, Pfk« County, IW-
nott. Rept for May 79-Oct 80,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport Oct 81,73p
See also PB82-207499.
This report details the background, purpose, and moni-
toring strategy of the Blue Creek Watershed Project
This report also delineates all studies that are being
continued or have been completed that supplement
the tributary monitoring.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Water pollution, 'Blue
Creek watersheds, 'Lakes, Monitoring, Sites, Maps,
Evaluation, Fisheries, Land use, Invertebrates, Pike
Courrtyflllinois), Tributaries, Nonpoint sources, 'Agri-
cultural watersheds.
PB82-207499 PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Evaluation of Gross Erosion Assess-
ment Techniques Used In the Blue Creek Water-
shed, Pke County, Mnote,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field Ov.tf Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport Jan 82,48p
See also PB82-207481.
This study compares the results of a standard So9
Conservation Service Phase 1 Land Resource Inven-
tory to those of a computerized goo-based (ADAPT)
generated potential gross erosion estimate, the area
studied was the Blue Creek Watershed, Pike County,
Illinois. The goal was to determine whether the ADAPT
system could delineate and quantify potential sedi-
ment source areas as accurately as the Phase 1 Inven-
tory. The study concluded that ADAPT provided the
means for detneating and quantifying potential seg-
ment sour<» areas as accurately as the tradKwnal field
method
Keywords: *So8 erosion, 'Land use, 'Blue Creek wa-
tershed, 'Water pollution. Assessments, Sediments,
Mathematical models, Sources, Water quality, Soil
loss, Illinois, Pike CountyOHmois), ADAPT systems,
Computer mapping.
PB82-207556 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Valuation of a Method to Measure Potychtortnat-
ed Biphenvts hi Natural Gat Ptoetae^ Final rept,
Grainger Labs., Inc., Raleigh, NC.
Robert W. Hams, C. Fred Grainger, and William J.
Mitchell. Jun 81,40p EPA-600/4-81-048
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
NIOSH-approved, commercially-available Fiona!
tubes were found to quantitatively collect PCS from
natural gas streams when the samping rate is less
than 600 cc/mki and less than 230 Hers of gas is col-
lected. It was also found that severe skewing of the
Arockx pattern can result when gas passes through a
PCS contaminated pipe. When this occurs the pattern
recognition approach used for quantifying PCS in air
samples will be inadequate. In this situation confirma-
tion of PCB should be done using a second GC column
and, if PCB's are confirmed, the Webb-McCall or
perchkxination procedures should be utilized for
sample quantitation.
Keywords: 'Natural gas, 'Pipelines, 'Air pollution,
Sources, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB82-207572 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Technical Assistance to the Cities of Cayce and
West Columbia, and Lexington County, South
Carolina. Technical assistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Nov80,85p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Atlanta. GA.
The report presents the results of technical assistance
in the area of Solid Waste Management. A site visit
was made on January 21, 1980, to identify the major
solid waste disposal problems within the jurisdiction of
Cayce, West Columbia, and Lexington County. On the
basis of this meeting, the following study objectives
were defined: (1) To review current disposal oper-
ations and evaluate alternatives for increasing the life
of the major existing landfills (Lexington County land-
fill); (2) To evaluate possible uses of this landfill site
after closure; (3) To conduct preliminary evaluation of
materials recovery from the County-Wide Softd Waste
Stream; and (4) To assess future solid waste disposal
alternatives.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Urban areas, Coun-
ties, Technical assistance. South Carolina, 'Solid
waste management Lexington CounMSouth Caroli-
na), CaycefSouth Carolina), West Columbia(South
Carolina), 'Solid waste disposal, Sanitary landfills,
Waste recycling.
PB82-207655 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Report on Technical Assistance to the City of
Patngouta, MtestoclppL Technical assistance pro-
gram rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jun80,88p
Contract EPA-66-01 -6004
Technical assistance focused on an assessment of
the feasibility of the City's proposed energy recovery
project, a 100 TPD steam producing recovery system.
To this end, on July 3, 1979, the City of Pascagoula
submitted an application for financial assistance
through the U.S. Commerce Department's Costal
Energy Impact Program. This document contains a
chronology of all significant activities toward resource
recovery implementation; however, this report sug-
gests an increased system capacity from 100 TPD to
ISO TPD. Such an analysis was submitted to the City
October 1979 and based the increased project costs
on the need for a larger increased capacity along with
the impact of inflation and a one year's delay in con-
struction and start-up as a more practical time-frame.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Urban planning, As-
sessments, Technical assistance, Mississippi, 'Solid
waste management Pascagoula(Mississippi), 'Energy
recovery, 'Steam generation, Resource recovery fa-
cities, Waste recycling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-207713 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Interaction between an AmmonUim-Oxkttzer, 'Nl-
trosomonas' sp., and Two Heterotrophtc Bacteria,
•Nocardta attantfca' and 'Pseudomonas' spj A
Note. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
Ronald D. Jones, and Mary A. Hood. 1980,7p EPA-
600/J-80-391,, ERLGB-0201
Grant EPA-R-804976
Pub. in Mksobial Ecology 6, p271 -2751980.
1284 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Closed culture experiments showed that the ability of
an estuarine chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizer,
Nitrosomonas sp., to convert ammonium to nitrite was
substantially increased by as much as 150% and 50%
when grown in the presence of two heterotrophs iso-
lated from the same environment. The heterotrophs
were identified as Nocardia atlantica and Pseudo-
monas sp. The growth of the heterotrophs was stimu-
lated by as much as one order of magnitude in the
presence of the ammonium-oxidizer.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Ammonium compounds, 'Bac-
teria, Interactions, Growth, Nitrites, Reprints, Nocardia
atlantica, Pseudomonas, Nitrosomonas.
PB82-207721 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL.
The Effects of Salinity Change on the Free Amino
Add Pools of Two Nereid Polychaetes, 'Neanthes
sucdnea' and 'Leonereis culveri'. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ocean-
ography.
Michael L. Koenig, Eric N. Powell, and Margaret R.
Kasschau. 12 May 81,9p EPA-600/J-81-542,,
ERLGB-0199
Grant EPA-R-806793
Pub. in Comp. Biochem. Physiol., v70A p631-637
1981.
The response of the free amino acid pools of two
nereid polychaetes, Neanthes sucdnea and Leonereis
culveri to both increased and decreased salinities was
examined. In both species, glycine and alanine ac-
counted for most of the observed change in the total
free amino arid (FAA) pool size. Glutamine values in-
creased under hypo-osmotic conditions suggesting
that this amino acid plays a role in nitrogen storage
during the reduction in FAAs which occurs with re-
duced salinity. The salinity response was superim-
posed on a 'laboratory stress' response characterized
by a generalized increase in the FAA pool size. The
two responses appeared to be additive in nature. Sig-
nificant differences in the responses of individual
amino acids between these two species indicates that
interspecific variation exists in the response to salinity
change in nereid polychaetes.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Amino acids, Worms, Nitrogen,
Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Neanthes
suctinea, Leonereis culveri, 'Polychaeta.
PB82-207747 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Effects of Temperature, pH, Salinity, and Inorgan-
ic Nitrogen on the Rate of Ammonium Oxidation
by Nltrtfiers Isolated from Wetland Environments.
Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
R. D. Jones, and Mary A. Hood. 1980,11 p EPA-600/J-
80-392,, ERL.GB-0203
Grant EPA-R-804976
Pub. in Microbial Ecology 6, p339-3471980.
Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were examined in two
wetland environments, a freshwater marsh and an es-
tuarine bay, during a 2-year period. Two predominant
types were consistently isolated, one from each envi-
ronment Both isolates were identified as species of
Nitrosomonas. Using a closed culture, high cell density
assay, the effects of temperature, pH, salinity, Na + ,
K-K nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations on
ammonium oxidation were determined. Maximum ac-
tivity was observed for the freshwater isolate at 35C,
pH 8.5, salinities of 0.3 to 0.5% Na+ and K+, and am-
monium concentrations greater than 0.5 g/l. For the
estuarine isolate, maximum activity was observed at
40C, pH 8.0, salinities of 0.5 to 1.0%, 1.0% Na+ and
K+, and 0.2 g/l ammonium. The estuarine isolate had
a Na+ requirement which could be partially substitut-
ed by the K-K suggesting that the organism is a true
estuarine bacterium. Nitrite inhibited both isolates at
concentrations greater than 5 rng/l, whereas nitrate
had no significant effect on either isolate.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Ammonium compounds,
'Water pollution, Temperature, Salinity, pH, Fresh
water, Swamps, Nitrogen, Oxidizers, Reprints, Nitroso-
PB82-207754 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Comparison of Mutagen Accumulation In 3 Estua-
rine Species Using the Salmonella/Mlcrosome Ac-
tivation System. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
Timothy H. Sparks, John R. Baylis, and Clifford W. J.
Chang. 23 Dec 80, 9p EPA-600/J-81-544,, ERL.GB-
0222
Grants EPA-R-806108, EPA-R-866339
Pub. in Mutation Research 85, p133-139 1981.
Three estuarine organisms-oysters (Crassostrea vir-
ginica), sea squirts (Mogulla sp.), and shrimp (Peneaus
sp.)-were examined for Ames test detectable levels of
mutagens. Whole-tissue extracts of these organisms
were made and tested using Salmonella typhimurium
strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538, with and
without S9 activation. Positive results were obtained
with sea squirts and shrimp extracts. Activation was
not necessary to show activity. Toxicity was encoun-
tered with oyster extracts. Histidine, a possible source
of false positives, was eliminated from shrimp extracts
using XAD-2 resin and thick-layer chromatography.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Shellfish, Estuaries, Shrimp,
Oysters, Reprints, Ames tests, Crassostrea virginica,
Mogulla, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB82-207762 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The Effect of Organophosphorus Pesticides on
Estuarine Ammonium Oxidizers. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
R. D. Jones, and Mary A. Hood. 31 Jul 80, 7p EPA-
600/J-80-393,, ERLGB-0204
Grant EPA-R-804976
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v26 n11 p1296-
12991980.
The effects of seven thiophosphorus pesticides and
their degradation products on estuarine ammonium ox-
idizers were examined. Using an axenic, closed-cul-
ture, high cell density assay, the pesticides caused
little inhibition of ammonium oxidation. However, the
degradation product of methyl parathion, p-amino-
phenol, significantly inhibited ammonium oxidation in
levels as low as 0.01 mg/L Estuarine sediments con-
taining indigenous ammonium oxidizers were exposed
to the pesticides over a 14-day period and activity of
the ammonium oxidizers were inhibited after 14 days.
Three pesticides were aged in estuarine sediments
under aerobic, anaerobic, and micrpaerophilic condi-
tions, and axenic cultures of ammonium oxidizers were
exposed to the resulting metabolities.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Oxidizers, 'Ammonium com-
pounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Water pollu-
tion, Estuaries, Inhibitors, Reprints, Metabolites.
PB82-207770 PC A02/MF A01
On the Proportionality of Fine Mass Concentra-
tion and Extinction Coefficient for Blmodal Size
Distributions. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charles W. Lewis. 1981,10p EPA-600/J-81-125
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n12 p2639-
26461981.
For a bimodal size distribution of ambient aerosol, an
upper limit in particle size can be chosen for the fine
aerosol fraction so that the extinction coefficient for
light scattering and absorption is directly proportional
to the fine mass concentration, with no dependence
on the coarse mass concentration. With the size pa-
rameters of the modes taken to be 'grand average
continental' values of Whitby, the upper size limit is 3.4
micrometers (aerodynamic diameter). Consequently,
the extinction coefficient could be inferred from a
measurement of the fine mass concentration only,
even in arid regions where coarse aerosol concentra-
tions usually far exceed the fine.
Keywords: 'Light transmission, 'Aerosols, 'Particle
size, Light scattering, Concentration(Compositjon),
Arid land, Visibility, Air pollution. Reprints, 'Air quality,
'Extinction coefficients, 'Atmospheric transmissivity.
PB82-207788 PC A02/MF A01
Transformation Pathways of Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadlene in the Aquatic Environment Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L. Wolfe, R. G. Zepp, P. Schlotzhauer, and M. Sink.
1982,13p EPA-600/J-81 -243
Pub. in Chemosphere, v11 n2p91-101 1982.
An environmental assessment of the transformation
and transport pathways of hexachlorocyclopentadiene
(hex) in simulated aquatic systems in presented. Hy-
drolytic and photolytic disappearance rate constants in
distilled and natural waters and in sediment-water sys-
tems are given. Sediments in defined sediment-water
systems do not significantly affect the disappearance
rate constants, compared to distilled eater values, for
the hydrolytic and photolytic processes. Water solubili-
ty, octanol/water partition coefficients, and vapor
pressure for hex are also reported and compared with
literature values. Fate and transport assessment using
an evaluative model indicates that hex will not likely
reach substantial steady-state concentrations in the
various compartments of the simulated ecosystems.
The results also indicate that photolysis and, to a
lesser extent, hydrolysis are the predominant degrada-
tion processes; export via thewater column is the pre-
dominant transport process.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Degradation, Chlorine
organic compounds, Transport properties, Assess-
ments, Hydrolysis, Reaction kinetics, Reprints, 'Cyclo-
pentadiene/hexachloro, 'Path of pollutants.
PB82-207796 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Stimulation of Fabric Filtration. Jour-
nal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. Griener, D. Furlong, D. VanOsdell, and L. Hovis. Oct
81,8p EPA-600/J-81-554
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n10p1125-1130Oct81.
The paper gives results of an investigation of the con-
cept of electrostatic stimulation of fabric filtration
(ESFF) at pilot scale. The pilot unit consisted of a con-
ventional baghouse in parallel with an ESFF bagh-
ouse, allowing direct comparison. Reported results are
for pulse-cleaned bags in which the electric field was
maintained parallel to the fabric surface. The perform-
ance of the ESFF baghouse was superior to the paral-
lel conventional baghouse by several measures. The
ESFF baghouse demonstrated: (1) a reduced rate of
pressure drop increase during a filtration cycle, (2)
lower residual pressure drop, (3) stable operation at
higher face velocities, and (4) improved particle re-
moval efficiency. These benefits can be obtained with
only minor modifications to conventional pulse-jet
hardware and at low electrical power consumption.
The indicated ability to operate at increased face ve-
locities with only modest expenditures for electrical
hardware leads to very favorable economic projec-
tions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
statics, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Air fil-
ters, Performance evaluation, Reprints, 'Fabric filtra-
tion, 'Baghouses.
PB82-207804 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Water Pollutants and Other Chemicals
upon Ribonudease Activity In vitro. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. M. Christensen, and D. L Olson, 12 Apr 80,9p EPA-
600/J-81-553
Pub. in Environmental Research 26, p274-280 1981.
Ribonuclease was treated in vitro with 73 chemicals,
many of which are environmental pollutants, including
inorganic, organic, and metal-organic chemicals, pesti-
cides, and other biocides, alkyl and aryl industrial pol-
lutants, and certain additional chemicals, to determine
their effect upon enzyme activity. Palladium (II and IV)
and gold (III) were the strongest inhibitors of RNase
activity. Other strong inhibitors, in decreasing order of
effect, were: sodium dodecyl sulfate, silver (I), EDTA,
mercury (II), copper (II), thiram (fungicide), platinum
(IV), malathton (pesticide), lead (II), and beryllium (II).
Intermediate effects were found with other inorganic
cations, many ankms, and some other chemicals. A
number of compounds of different chemical types
caused no measurable effect. None of the chemicals
tested caused a measurable activation of this enzyme.
December 1983 1285
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Ribonuclease, 'Water pollution, In vrtro
analysis, Enzymes, Activity, Inhibitors, Chemical com-
pounds, Palladium, Gold, Reprints, Heavy metals.
PB82-207812 PCA02/MFA01
A Continuous-Flow Minl-Diluter System for Tojdd-
ty Testing. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Ouluth, MN.
Duane A. Benort, Vince R. Mattson, and Diane L
Olson. Jul 81,10p EPA-600/J-82-175
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p457-464 1982.
A space saving portable mini-diluter exposure system
for testing early life stages of fish and invertebrates
has been developed and successfully used both in the
laboratory and on-site with single chemicals and with
complex effluents. This gravity-operated system can
also be installed in a compact vented enclosure to
permit safe testing of hazardous volatile chemicals.
The mini-diluter test system has several additional ad-
vantages over other widely used dosing systems in
that it (1) uses small volumes of complex effluents
and/or single chemicals which reduces the problem of
removing hazardous material from the test system's
waste water, (2) works well with waste containing sus-
pended solids; and (3) can maintain normal operation
for up to 10 h if the effluent headbox supply pump fails
and up to 4 h if the diluent water headbox supply pump
fails
Keywords: "Toxicology, *Test equipment Fishes, In-
vertebrates, Effluents. Hazardous materials, Tests,
Reprints.
PB82-2O7820 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ammonia Toxlcity to Fishes. Effect of pH on the
Toxtetty of tne Un-tonteed Ammonia Species. Jour-
nal article.
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert V. Thurston, Rosemarie C. Russo, and German
A. Vinogradov. Jul 81, 6p EPA-600/J-81 -550
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
n7p837-839Jul81.
United States and European water quality criteria to
protect aquatic life assume that the toxicrty of aqueous
ammonia is attributable to the un-ionized (NH3) chemi-
cal species, and that the ionized (NH4+) species is
nontoxjc or significantly less toxic than NH3. Data are
presented here on the tenacity of ammonia to rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri) and to fathead minnows (Pime-
phaies promelas) from two series of 96-h flow-through
toxicrty tests in which pH was controlled within tne
range 6.5-9.0. Results show that the toxicrty of ammo-
nia in terms of NH3 increased at lower pH values. It»
concluded that NH4+ exerts some measure of tenacity
and/or that increased H + concentration increases the
toxtcity of NH3. It is recommended that water quality
criteria be revised to consider the pH dependence of
the toxicity of ammonia.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, 'Ammonia. pH,
Water quaKty, Bioassay, Reprints, Salmo gairdneri.
Rainbow trout Fathead minnows, Pimephates prome-
las. Toxic substances.
PBS2-207838 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Roaette Glands m the Gifls of the Gran Shrimp
•Patoemonetes pugto1. II. Premott Ductute Refor-
mation: Replacement of CWary Processes by Cy-
toptasmic Processes in Relation to Gland Matura-
tion. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacoia.
Daniel G. Doughtie, and K. Ranga Rao. 1982,11p
EPA-600/J-82-149,, ERL.GB-0224
Grant EPA-R-807417
Pub. in Jrt. of Morphology 171, p69-771982.
Events associated with premo» reformation of the cuB-
cularized ductute in the underdeveloped fimmature)
branchial rosette glands, which are common in the gUs
of small (14-18 mmn, total length) grass shrimp, are
described and contrasted with the events of ductule
reformation in the fully developed (mature) rosette
olands most common in larger shrimp. Cytoplasmic
processes comparable to those in mature glands, but
relatively few in number and originating only from the
secretory cells, are seen together with ciliary process-
es in some immature glands. The relative abundance
of cytoplasmic processes in the mature glands, cou-
pled with the observation that transitory ciliary proc-
esses occur in immature glands but not in mature
glands, suggests that during glandular maturation tran-
sitory ciliary processes are replaced by transitory cyt>
ptasmic processes.
Keywords: 'Exocrine glands, 'Shrimps, Morphology,
Pathology, Shellfish, Reprints, Gills.
PB82-207846 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Rosette Glands m the GUIs of the Grass Shrimp,
•PataemonetM pugto' I. Comparative Morphology,
Cyclical Activity, and InnervaUon. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacoia.
Daniel G. Doughtie, and K. Ranga Rao. 1982,29p
EPA-600/J-82-150,, ERLGB-0225
Grant EPA-R-807417
Pub. in Jrri. of Morphology 171, p41-671982.
Two types of exocrine rosette glands (type A and type
B), located 'm the gill axes of the grass shrimp, Palae-
monetes pugk), are described. The type A glands are
embedded within the longitudinal median spetum of
the gfll axes, whereas the type B glands typically
project into the efferent hemorymph channels of the
gill axes. Although both glands have certain common
characteristics (To., a variable number of radially ar-
ranged secretory cells, a central intercalary cell, and a
canal cell that forms the cuticular ductule leading to
the brachtal surface), they differ m the following re-
spects. The type B gland is innervated, but type A is
not; axonal processes, containing both granular (ca.
900-1300 A) and agranular (ca. 450-640 A) vesicles,
occur at a juncture between adjacent secretory cells
and the central cell of the type B gland. The secretory
cells of type A and B differ in their synthetic potential
and membrane glands, most frequently encountered in
larger (24-28 mm, total length) grass shrimp, than in
the underdeveloped, immature glands that are most
abundant in smaller (14-18 mm, total length) grass
shrimp. Thus, in mature glands, the secretory cells of
type A are characterized by extensive RER, abundant
Goigi, and numerous, secretory granules, whereas the
secretory cells of type B are characterized by exten-
sively infolded and interojgitated basal ptasmalemmas
and by the presence of numerous mitochondria.
Keywords: 'Exocrine glands. Shrimp, Morphology, Pa-
thology, Reprints, Palaernonetes pugio, GNte.
PB82-207S53 PC A02/MF A01
Muttipb Ekmtt and pH Effect* on Ion Chromatog-
raphy of Phosphate and Araanat*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Thomas B. Hoover. 1982,13p EPA-600/J-81-046
Pub. in Separation Science and Technology, v17 n2
P295-3051982.
The ion-exchange separation theory of Mayer and
TompWns is extended to the case of multiple etuerrt
ions. The selectivity coefficients for carbonate and hy-
droxide, each relative to bicarbonate, were estimated
from retention data for bromide and sulfate. These re-
sults were used to interpret the chromatographic re-
tention data for phosphate and arsenate as a function
of pH in carbonate-bicarbonate eluents. Despite large
relative errors in the empirical constants, the qualita-
tive behavior of the potybasic antons was accounted
for by the predominant effect of the triply charged tons
on the retention time, even at low relative concentra-
tions.
Keywords: 'Inorganic phosphates, 'Arsenates,
•Water analysis. Antons. Technology, pH, Chemical
analysis, Ion exchanging, Water pollution, Reprints,
'Ion chromatography, 'Water pollution detection, Nu-
merical solution.
PB62-207M1 PC A02/MF AIM
A Method for Recovering Viruses from Sludges.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nafi,OH ^^
Donald Berman, Gerald Berg, and Robert S.
Safferman. 17Aug81,11pEPA-600/J-81-545
Pt*.mJrt. of Vrological Methods 3, p283-2911981.
Primary, activated, and anaerobic mesophiltcally-di-
gested sludges were salted with MgCQ (*vatent ca-
tions) or AK33 (trivatent cations) and acidcfied to bind
irrigenous unadsorbed virions to the sludge solids;
the sludges were centrifuged, and the adsorbed virions
were eluted from the solids with buffered 10% beef ex-
tract The edition yields with this procedure were supe-
rior to those obtained from sludges that had been
salted or acidified only. Homogenization of sludges
prior to other treatment did not increase the numbers
of virions recovered.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Sludge, Aluminum halides, Mag-
nesium chlorides, Recovery, Reprints.
PB82-207879 PC A02/MF A01
Yolk Utilization and Growth to Yolk-Sac Absorp-
tion in Summer Flounder ('Paralichthys dentatus')
Larvae at Constant and Cyclic Temperatures.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. M. Johns, W. H. Howell, and G. Klein-MacPhee.
1981,10pEPA-60D/J-81/185, ERLN-195
Pub. in Marine Biology, v63 p301 -3081981.
Rates of development growth and yolk conversion ef-
ficiency were determined in larvae of the summer
flounder Paralichtys dentatus at constant tempera-
tures of 21 degrees, 16 degrees, 12 degrees and 5 de-
grees C and in temperature cycles of 21 degrees-16
degrees, 16 degrees-11 degrees, and 11 degrees-5
degrees C. In constant incubation temperatures, de-
velopment rate increased with increasing temperature.
Keywords: 'Growth, 'Flatfishes, Larvae, Temperature
measurement Abnormalities, Mortality, Animal physi-
ology. Reprints, 'Paralichtys dentatus.
PBS2-207887 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Phenol, 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-Oteh-
lorophenol, and Pentachlorophenol on Embryo,
Larval, and Early-Juvenile Fathead Minnow* ('Pl-
mephalM promelas'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Gary W. Hoteombe, Gary L Phipps, and James T.
Fiandt 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-159
Pub. in Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 11, p73-78
1982.
Embryos of fathead minnows were more resistant to
phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP), 2.4-dtohloro-
phenol (2,4-DCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) than
were larval or juvenile life stages. Growth of 28-day-pld
fish was the most sensitive indicator of stress during
exposures to phenol, 2,4-DMP, and PCP, whereas sur-
vival was the most sensitive indicator of toxic effects
from 2,4-DCP exposure. Based on these effects, the
estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentra-
tion for fathead minnows in Lake Superior water lies
between 1,830 and 3,570 micrograms/L for phenol;
1,970 and 3,110 micrograms/L for 2,4-DMP; 290 and
460 micrograms/L for 2,4-DCP; and 44.9 and 73.0 mi-
crograms/L for PCP.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Phenol, Chlorine organic
compounds, Indicator species, Embryos, Larvae,
Stress(Privsio4ogy), Exposure, Water pollution, Surviv-
al, ConcentratiorXComposition), Phenols. Reprints,
•Phenot/dmethyl, Fathead minnows, Pimephales pro-
meias, Bwindtcators, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Phenol/dichloro, 'Phenol/pentach-
toro.
PB82-207895 PC A02/MF A01
Dynamic Estuary Model Performance. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA
Robert B. Ambrose, Jr., and Stephen E. Roesch. 1982,
23pEPA-600/J-81-047
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Diy., Pro-
ceedngs of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
v108,nEE1p51-71Feb82.
Applications of the Dynamic Estuary Model (DEM) to
both the Delaware and Potomac Estuaries by the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency during the 1970s are
summarized and evaluated. Methods for calibrating,
refining, and validating this model, and statistics for
evaluating its performance are discussed. Following a
brief description of DEM, observed and predicted hy-
drodynarnc, mass transport and water quality varia-
bles are statistically analyzed for the Delaware and Po-
tomac applications. Weaknesses in the model and in
these applications are identified.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Dynamics, Performance evaluation, Waste
1286 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water, Tidal currents, Rivers, Hydraulics, Hydrodyna-
mics, Delaware, Potamac River Estuary, Circulation,
Reprints, *DEM model.
PB82-207903 PC A02/MF A01
Potychtorfnated Blphenyls and Other Organic
Chemical Residues In Fish from Major United
States Watersheds near the Great Lakes, 1978.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Oilman D. Veith, Douglas W. Kuehl, Edward N.
Leonard, Kenneth Welch, and Glen Pratt. Jun 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-549
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v15 n1 p1-8 Jun 81.
Twenty-six composite samples of fish were collected
during 1978 from United States watersheds near the
Great Lakes and analyzed for polychlorinated biphen-
yls (RGBs) and related organic chemicals. PCB mix-
tures resembling Aroclor 1254 were found in all sam-
ples, and mixtures resembling Aroclor 1242(or 1016)
were found in 77 percent of the samples. Total PCB
concentrations in the whole-fish composite samples
ranged from 0.13 to 14.6 ppm; 65 percent of the sam-
ples contained 2 ppm PCBs. DDT and its metabolites
were also found in all samples. Sigma DDT concentra-
tion was 1.66 ppm, and 81 percent of the samples con-
tained 1.0 ppm Sigma DDT. Chlordane ranged from
0.001 to 2.57 ppm in 38 percent of the samples. Hex-
achkxooenzene was found in 65 percent of the sam-
ples, ranging from 0.005 to 0.447 ppm. Other chemi-
cals identified by gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry included petroleum hydrocarbons and chloro-
benzenes, chtorostyrenes, chlorophenols, and chlorin-
ated aliphatic compounds. Fish from the Ashtabula
River (Ohio), Rocky River (Ohio), and Wabash River
(Indiana) contained extremely complex residues of
chlorinated and other organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Residues, Chlorine
organic compounds, Great Lakes, Watersheds, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), DDT, Pesticides,
Chkxdan, Chkxobenzenes, Hydrocarbons, Water pol-
lution, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Metabo-
lites.
PB82-207978 PC E99
Preliminary Results of the Nationwide Urban
Runoff Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
1Mar82,748p-in3v
Set inlcudes PB82-207986 through PB82-208000.
No abstract available.
PB82-207986 PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Results of the Nationwide Urban
Runoff Program. Executive Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
1Mar82,20p
See also Volume 1, PB82-207994.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
207978.
As a water quality management planning effort, the pri-
mary NURP objective is to develop water quality man-
agement plans that will be appropriate, acceptable, af-
fordable, and focused on local needs.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Decision making, Sources, Objectives, Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment, 'Storm water runoff.
PB82-207994 PC A06/MF A01
Preliminary Results of the Nationwide Urban
Runoff Program. Volume I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
1Mar82,116p
See also PB82-207986, and Volume 2, PB82-208000.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
207978.
The possible deleterious water quality effects of non-
point sources in general, and urban runoff in particular,
were recognized by the Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972. Because of uncertainties about
the true significance of urban runoff as a contributor to
receiving water quality problems, Congress made
treatment of separate stormwater discharges ineligible
for Federal funding when it enacted the Clean Water
Act in 1977. To obtain information that would help re-
solve these uncertainties, the Agency established the
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program in 1978. This five-
year program is intended to answer questions such as:
To what extent is unban runoff a contributor to water
quality problems across the nation. What is the effec-
tiveness of controls short of treatment in reducing
water quality problems where they exist. Are best man-
agement practices for control of urban runoff cost ef-
fective in comparison to alternative options.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Decision making, Sources, Objectives, Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment, Cost effectiveness,
'Storm water runoff, Best management practices.
PB82-208000 PC A99/MF A01
Preliminary Results of the Nationwide Urban
Runoff Program. Volume II. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
1 Mar 82,621 p
See also Volume 1, PB82-207994.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
207978.
Partial contents;
Early perceptions;
The Nationwide urban runoff program;
Urban runoff perspectives;
Water quantity concerns;
Water quantity and quality control;
Urban runoff pollutant loads;
Water quality effects;
Evaluation of controls;
Quality assurance and quality control;
Receiving water effects;
Evaluation of controls.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Decision making, Sources, Objectives, Water pollution
control. Sewage treatment, 'Storm water runoff, Best
management practices.
PB82-208208 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Technical Assistance to Putnam County, Tennes-
see. Technical assistance program rept. series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dec80,108p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Information generated during this study and presented
in this report forms the basis for a number of conclu-
sions and recommendations. Some are: (1) a weighing
program should be instituted; (2) indiscriminate road-
side dumping should be stopped; (3) alternatives to
present collection system should be implemented; (4)
present landfill site has a remaining life of two years;
(5) more detailed information including site geology
and hydrogeology, land use, and transportation, is
necessary before selecting a new site; (6) a materials
recovery program might be implemented.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Waste disposal. Tech-
nical assistance, Tennessee, 'Solid waste manage-
ment Putnam CountyfTennessee), Solid waste collec-
tion systems, Sanitary landfills, 'Solid waste disposal,
Waste recycling.
PB82-208216 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
Groundwater Management Strategy for Michigan:
Development of Administrative Rules for Ground-
water Quality.
Michigan Dept of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Jan 82,50p MI/DNR/GW-82/03
Grant EPA-P-005588-01
This paper outlines the development of the system for
controlling groundwater quality in Michigan. The fac-
tors influencing the development of the Water Re-
sources Commission General Rules, Part 22. Ground-
water Quality, are described. The process by which the
rules were developed and major issues encountered
are pointed out Issues covered include: (1) ground-
waters to be protected, (2) the basis of protection, (3)
the approach to controlling discharges, and (4) the
party responsible for determining groundwater quality.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Michi-
gan, Management, Protection, Degradation, Aquifers,
Standards, Licenses, Hazards, Water
management(Applied).
PB82-208224 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Groundwater Management Strategy for Michigan:
Hydrogeologic Study Handbook.
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Mar 82,119p MI/DNR/GW-82/04
Grant EPA-P-005588-01
The goal of the Hydrogeologic Study Handbook is to
provide assistance to the people of the State of Michi-
gan in the planning and conducting of hydrogeologic
studies and ground-water quality monitoring. The types
of information that specific State agencies may re-
quest in a study are outlined in the section entitled
Specific Types of Hydrogeologic Studies. Because
monitoring programs are essential to most hydrogeo-
logic studies, the handbook contains a Groundwater
Monitoring section.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Michigan, Hydrogeology, Monitoring, Hand-
books, Aquifers, Grout, Observation wells, Drilling, In-
stalling, Water levels, 'Water management(Applied).
PB82-208273 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Analytical Methods for Hazardous Organlcs in
Liquid Wastes from Coal Gasification and Lique-
faction Processes. Rept. for Feb 79-Oct 80,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
T. F. Yen, J. I. S. Tang, Martha Wasburne, and Shoreh
Cohanim. Apr 82,98p* EPA-600/4-82-038
Grant EPA-R-806167
This study was conducted by the University of South-
em California group to provide methods for the analy-
sis of coal liquefaction wastes from coal conversion
processing plants. Several methods of preliminary
fractfonation prior to analysis were considered. The
most satisfactory method is that employing column
separation, using macroreticular absorbent resins and
dividing the wastewaters into hydrophobia and hydro-
philic fractions. By subsequent use of ion exchange
resins, each fraction was subdivided into acid, neutral,
and basic subtractions. These subtractions yielded
materials suitable for gas chromatography/mass
spectrometric analysis performed by Finnigan Compa-
ny. To identify the numerous compounds contained in
each subtraction produced by the resin chromatogra-
phic separation, a GC/MS equipped with a computer li-
brary of mass spectra of 31,331 compounds was used.
The peaks eluting from the GC can be individually and
immediately analyzed for their spectra which can be
compared to those in the computer library.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Coal gasification, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Separation, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Industrial
wastes, Adsorption, 'Water pollution detection, 'Coal
liquefaction.
PB82-208307 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Technical Assistance to the City of Port Orange,
Florida. Technical assistance program rept.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jan81,75p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
This report embraces the following objectives: (1) As-
sesses the existing Port Orange Collection System -
crew sizes, work distribution, routing, and waste vol-
umes; (2) Evaluates cost-effective collection methods;
and (3) Assesses separation of lawn clippings.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, Cost effectiveness,
Leaves(Botany), Separation, Refuse disposal, Routes,
Technical assistance, Florida, 'Solid waste manage-
ment Solid waste collection systems, Port
Orange(Florida).
December 1983 1287
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-208323 PC AOS/MF A01
Rnrt Environmental Impact Statement,
Wastewator Treatment Facilities, Twining Water
and Sanitation District, Taos County, New Mexico.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Apr 82,78p EPA-906/9-82-006
See also PB82-104670.
The Twining Water and Sanitation District (TWSD) has
considered alternatives for wastewater management
which would solve a pollution problem in the high qual-
ity Rio Hondo watershed of northern New Mexico. The
TWSD seeks funding for the proposed design and con-
struction of a new advanced treatment plant with a ca-
pacity of 95,000 gallons per day (gpd) which would ac-
comodate about 20 percent growth in the number of
peak-day skiers and a 50 percent increase in overnight
visitors. EPA's preferred decision is to approve and
support funding for the TWSD's proposed alternative.
In arriving at this preferred decision, EPA considered
many complex issues, including impacts on water qual-
ity, water supply, and soctoeconomic conditions.
Keywords: "Construction, 'Sewage treatment, "Water
supply, "Water pollution, "Environmental impact state-
ments-final. Social effect Economic impact. Land use,
New Mexico, "Sewage treatment plants, Taos
Courrty(New Mexico).
PBS2-20S398 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cinoin-
natj, OH.
Determination cf Nrtroaromattc Compounds and
laophorone In Industrial and Municipal
Wastswaters. Final rept.,
Battetle Columbus Labs.. OH.
Kenneth H. Shafer. Mar 82,80p EPA/600/4-82/024
Contract EPA-66-Q3-2624
A method was developed for the determination of ni-
trobenzene. 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and iso-
phorone in wastewaters. The methods devetopement
program consisted of. a literature review, determina-
tion of the stability of the compounds in organic solu-
tions, determination of extraction efficiency for each
compound from water using two organic solvents, de-
termination of storage stability of each compound in
water, and evaluation of various dean up techniques.
Keywords; "Industrial wastes, 'Sewage, 'Nitroben-
zenes, Nrtro compounds, Aromatic compounds. Water
pollution. Water analysts, Chemical analysis, Solvent
extraction, Gas chromatography, 'Water pollution de-
tection, "Cydohexenone/trimethyt, "Totuene/cSnitro,
High performance liquid chromatography.
PB82-208679 PC A09/MF A01
LMdiM (AnneUda: Hlrudlnaa) of North America.
Final rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-CSncin-
nati,OH.
Donald J. Klemm. Apr 82,195p EPA-600/3-82-025
Leeches are represented in North America by four
orders, five families, 23 genera, and 63 species. The
primitive famity Acantnobdetlidae is represented by
one genus and species. The families GtossiprionSdae
are represented by 10 genera and 29 species, the Pis-
ocobdae by four genera and 10 species, the Hirudiru-
dae by three genera and 13 species, and the Erpoodel-
lidae by four genera, nine species and two subspecies.
Taxonomic problems are discussed in the report
Keywords; "Leeches, 'Annelida, "North America,
Aquatic biology, Benthos, Worms, Invertebrates,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Taxonomy, Anatomy, Mor-
phology, Classifications, &stiTbutfon(Property), Identi-
fying. Tenacity, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-208687 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA Region
rv.
MenUncatton of Promising Resource Recovery
AKcmattv** for the City of Cokmbus/Muscogea
County, Georigta. Technical assistance program
rept series.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct81,84p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of resource recovery for the
Columbus/Muscogee County, Georgia area. This de-
termination involved development of first order esti-
mates of the quantity of waste generated by Colum-
bus, Muscogee County, and Fort Benning; evaluation
of the market potential for energy recovery, develop-
ment and evaluation of an appropriate resource recov-
ery alternative; a preliminary assessment of the envi-
ronmental considerations associated with that alterna-
tive; and identification of major tasks to be performed
prior to deciding to implement a resource recovery
project
Keywords: "Materials recovery, Waste disposal, Tech-
nical assistance, Georgia, "Solid waste management,
"Energy recovery, Cdumbus(Georgia), Muscogee
County(Georgia), Solid waste disposal, Resource re-
covery facilities, "Waste recycling, Refuse derived
fuels.
PB82-208695 PC A04/MF A01
Evironmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Technical Assistance to Franklin County, Florida.
Technical assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Oct81,58p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
The report summarizes the results of an analysis of
Franklin County, Florida's solid waste collection
system and the feasibility of resource recovery from
solid waste for the County. The study includes the col-
lection systems of the County's two largest cfties-Apa-
lacicola and Carrabelle. The relatively small quantity of
refuse produced in Franklin County, and the apparent
absence of a compatible market for resource recov-
ered energy, indicates that the concept of resource
energy recovery is infeasibte at this time.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Waste disposal.
Counties, Technical assistance, Florida, "Solid waste
management Franklin County(Florida), Solid waste
collection systems, Solid waste disposal,
ApalackX)la(Florida), CarrabelkKFtorida), Sanitary
landfills, Waste recycling.
PB82-208703 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Atlanta, GA Region
IV.
Survey of Potential Markets for Energy Recovery
from SoHd Waste hi the Metropolitan Ana of At-
lanta, Georgia. Technical assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA
Oct81,58p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report represents the results of potential resource
recovery markets for the region. It was prepared for
the Atlanta, Georgia, Regional Planning Commission,
and four of its constituent governments: the City of At-
lanta along with the Counties of Fulton, Cobb. and
DeKalb. The survey was supplemented with a review
of energy recovery technologies and the identification
of major tasks to be performed before the four county
region can decide whether to implement a resource re-
covery project
Keywords: "Materials recovery, Combustion, Boilers,
Waste disposal, Technical assistance, Georgia, "Solid
waste management Attarrta(Georgia), "Energy recov-
ery, Fulton County(Georgia), Cobb CountyfGeorgia),
DeKalb County(Georgia), Resource recovery faolrbes.
Solid waste disposal, Waste recycling, Refuse derived
fuels.
PB82-208752 PC A24/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park.NC.
Analysis of PwtfcMe Residue* in Human And En-
vironmental Samples: A Compilation of Methods
Selected for Use In Pestfckto Monitoring Pro-
grams. Final rept,
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington,
Joseph Sherma, and Morton Beroza. Jun 80,557p
EPA/600/8^0/038
Contract EPA-68-02-2474
This manual provides the pesticide chemist with meth-
odotogy useful in deterrrwing human exposure to pes-
ticides and related industrial chemicals. Methods are
also presented for measuring the extent of environ-
mental contamination with these compounds. This
manual has been compiled and produced in an effort
to promote general acceptance and adoption of uni-
form chemical methodology of utmost reproducibility
and accuracy and to ensure that analytical results can
be correlated and directly compared between labora-
tories. Methods contained in this manual have general-
ly been developed and/or evaluated by this laboratory
within the Environmental Toxicology Division. The ana-
lytical methodology compiled herein consists of both
multiresidue and specific residue procedures. Included
also, are miscellaneous topics treating a number of im-
portant activities such as the cleaning of laboratory
glassware, the preparation of analytical reference
standards, and the calibration and maintenance of the
gas chromatograph. Several of the methods have
been subjected to collaborative studies and have
thereby been proved to produce acceptable interiabor-
atory precision and accuracy. These methods are des-
ignated by stars placed at the left of the title in the
fable of Contents. Olher methods presented are
thought to be acceptable but have not been validated
by formal interiaboratory collaboration.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Chemical compounds, "In-
dustrial plants, "Manuals, "Environmental surveys,
'Chemical analysis, Exposure, Sampling, Gas chroma-
tography, Flame photometry, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Bioassay, Phosphorus organic compounds.
Humans, Polychlonnated biphenyls, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Pesticides residues.
PB82-209610 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Manual for a Prototype Emissions Banking and
Trading Recordkeeping System. Final rept.,
American Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Dennis Berg. Apr 82,69p EPA-230/04-82-002
Contract EPA-68-01 -5146
The manual describes a prototype recordkeeping
system for use by state and local agencies that adopt
an emissions banking and trading program. The
manual is organized to demonstrate how the prototype
would be used to record information for various types
of emissions trades, and to produce various reports of
use to program managers, participating firms, and
other interested organizations. The documents com-
prising the prototype system are described and exam-
ples are provided for tracking emission reduction cred-
its through: creation and deposit; sale or transfer; and
withdrawal and use.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Manuals, Informa-
tion systems, Records, Documents, "Emissions trad-
ing programs, "Emissions banking programs, "Air pol-
lution abatement
PB82-209628 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Asbestos Standards: Materials and Analytical
Methods. Proceedings of the NBS/EPA Asbestos
Standards Workshop Held at the National Bureau
of Standards, Galther*burg, MD, October 1-3,
1980. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington. DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
John Small, and Eric Steel. Mar 82,224p" NBS-SP-
619
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-600506.
This publication contains the invited papers which
were presented at a workshop on asbestos standards
jointly sponsored by the Environmental Protection
Agency and the National Bureau of Standards and
held on October 1-3,1980. The workshop was divided
into five sections; (1) Bulk Materials for Preparation of
Asbestos Standards—This section includes descrip-
tions of natural and synthetic materials which have a
potential use as standards for asbestos analysis. In
addition, it also includes a description of the NBS
Standard Reference Materials Program. (2) Standards
Preparation—The electron-microscopy preparation
procedures for standards mimicking airborne and wa-
terbome asbestos samples are described. (3) Asbes-
tos Analysis for Standards Certification—This section
describes analytical procedures and problems associ-
ated with the infra- and interiaboratory analyses of as-
bestos standards. (4) Error Analysis and Statistics—
This section describes the statistical considerations
which are involved in asbestos standards preparation
and analysis. (5) EPA Provisional Method—Current de-
velopments and selected problems with the EPA Pro-
1288 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
visional Method for Electron Microscope Measure-
ment of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations are dis-
cussed. The papers include general reviews on each
of the subjects as well as specific papers detailing cur-
rent research efforts.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Meetings, Standards, Environ-
mental surveys, Chemical analysis,
ConcentrationfComposition), Sampling, Sources,
Standard reference materials.
PB82-209644
PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Causes and Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Re-
duction: An Update. Final rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar82,348p* ISBN-0-309-03248-2
Contract EPA-68-02-3701
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-81229.
Estimates of steady-state reductions in stratospheric
ozone due to continued releases of two chlorofluoro-
carbons (11 and 12) at 1977 rates in the absence of
other perturbations are lower than 1979 estimates by a
factor between two and three. Current models suggest
the steady-state reduction will lie between 5 and 9 per-
cent The association of nonmelanoma skin cancers
with ultravfotet-B radiation suggests that reductions in
stratospheric ozone will result in increases of these
cancers. Exposure to ultravtolet-B also has been
shown to adversely affect the immune response
system; further research is needed to determine the
importance of this finding for understanding photocar-
dnogenesis.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Radiation effects,
Cells(Bio4ogy), Chlorine organic compounds, Strato-
sphere, Exposure, Ultraviolet radiation, Chemistry,
Molecules, Public health, Concentrafon(Composrtion),
Ptants(Botany), Hazards, Malignant neoplasms,
•Freon 11, 'Freon 12, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
•Air pollution effects(Animals), Cancer, Biological
processes, Ecosystems, Immune responses.
PB82-209917 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
PreBmtnary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery for Votusla County, Florida.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jun 79,61p
Contract EPA-68-01-4941
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of resource recovery in Volu-
sta County, Florida. The study contains specific infor-
mation on first order estimates of waste quantity, an
evaluation of the market potential, development and
assessments of solid waste management options and
an examination of legal and institutional aspects of re-
source recovery.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, Florida, 'Solid waste management, Volusia
County(Fkxida), 'Energy recovery, Resource recovery
facilities, Solid waste disposal, Combustion heat,
'Steam generation, Waste recycling, Sewage sludge,
Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-211318 PCE99
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery for Greensboro, High Point and Wlnston-
Salsfn, NoiUi Carolina.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jun81,177p-in4v
Set includes PB82-211327 through PB82-211350.
No abstract available.
PB82-211327 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery for Greensboro, High Point and Wlnston-
Oalem, North Carolina (Summary Volume - Phase
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
211319.
This report summarizes the pertinent activities of tech-
nical assistance rendered the Piedmont Triad Region;
that is, the Greensboro, High Point and Winston Salem
area. This study also gives an overview of the concern
of citizens and officials in the development of resource
recovery in the area and the conclusions reached by
the Piedmont Triad Council of Governments subse-
quent to receiving technical assistance.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Feasibility, North
Carolina, 'Waste processing plants, 'Resource recov-
ery facilities, Energy recovery, Steam generation,
Refuse derived fuels, Greensboro(North Carolina),
High Point(Nortr) Carolina). Winston' Salem(North
Carolina), Municipal wastes, Guilford County(North
Carolina), Forsyth County(North Carolina).
PB82-211335 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery for Greensboro, High Point, and Wlnston-
Salem, North Carolina (Technical Report - Phase
OS,
31 Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dec 79.680
Contract EPA-68-01 -4941
See also PB82-211327 and PB82-211343.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
211319.,
The objective of this study was to determine, on a pre-
liminary basts, the economic and technical feasibility of
adopting resource recovery as a solid waste manage-
ment option for the cities of Greensboro, High Point,
and Winston Salem, North Carolina. This study entails
a market survey of some 50 industrial and institutional
consumers. Energy requirements of prospective
buyers were matched with demonstrated technologies
which resulted in seven resource recovery options.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Feasibility, Cost
analysis, Market surveys, North Carolina, 'Waste proc-
essing plants, 'Resource recovery facilities, Energy re-
covery. Steam generation, Refuse derived fuels,
Greensboro(North Carolina), High Point(North Caroli-
na), Winston Salem(North Carolina), Guilford
County(North Carolina), Forsyth County(North Caroli-
na), Municipal wastes.
PB82-211343 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Preliminary Feasibility Study of Resource Recov-
ery for Greensboro, High Point, and Wlnston-
Satom, North Carolina (Appendices - Phase I).
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dec79,47p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4941
See also PB82-211335 and PB82-211350.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
211319.
This report, which is part of a three volume Phase I
technical assistance to Greensboro, High Point, and
Winston Salem, North Carolina, is supplementary to
the Technical Report. This volume is restricted to: de-
tailing abbreviations and definitions, economic and
technical assumptions, calculations and technical
data, flow diagrams of municipal solid waste deliveries,
and a market interview questionnaire.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Feasibility, Cost
analysis, North Carolina, 'Waste processing plants,
•Resource recovery facilities, Energy recovery, Steam
generation, Reuse derived fuels, Greensboro(North
Carolina), High Point(North Carolina), Winston
Satem(North Carolina), Municipal wastes, Guilford
County(North Carolina), Forsyth County(North Caroli-
na).
fell
I Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Dec 79,26p
Contract EPA-68-01 -4941
See also PB82-211335.
PB82-211350 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Identification of Promising Resource Recovery
Alternatives for Greensboro, High Point, and Win-
ston-Salem, North Carolina.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jun81,36p
Contract EPA-68-01-6004
See also PB82-211343.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB82-
211319.
This report was prepared for the Triad Region of North
Carolina, (Greensboro, High Point, and Winston
Salem) subsequent to a three volume Phase I Prelimi-
nary Feasibility study of resource recovery potentials.
This study investigates the potential role of resource
recovery as a primary element of a solid waste man-
agement strategy and identifies six technically feasible
resource recovery alternatives. In developing these
options, three generic technologies were considered:
mass burning combustion, coarse RDF production/
dedicated boiler, and modular combustion. Although
eight prospective customers for waste-derived energy
were interviewed, only four present probable markets.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Feasibility, Cost
analysis, North Carolina, 'Waste processing plants,
'Resource recovery facilities, Municipal wastes,
Energy recovery, Steam generation, Refuse derived
fuels. Greensboro(North Carolina), High PoinMNorth
Carolina), Winston Salem(North Carolina), Guilford
County(North Carolina), Forsyth County(North Caroli-
na).
PB82-211541 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Surface Impoundments and Their Effects on
Ground-Water Quality In the United States - A Pre-
liminary Survey: Executive Summary.
Geraghty and Miller, Inc., Tampa, FL
Jun 78,36p EPA-570/9-78-005
Contract EPA-68-01-4342
The data contained herein have been summarized
from the final report of the investigation entitled 'Sur-
face Impoundments and Their Effects on Ground-
Water Quality in the United States - A Preliminary
Survey.' The investigation was designed to provide
broad background information on the use of municipal,
industrial, and agricultural surface impoundments in
the United States, with particular reference to the po-
tential threats they may pose to the quality of under-
ground drinking water resources and to methods of
controlling or abating such threats.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Water pollution, Reser-
voirs, Potable water, Lagoons(Ponds), Seepage, Cost
analysis, United States.
PB82-211566 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Feasibility Study of Resource Recovery Opportu-
nities for Macon/BIbb and Houston Counties
Georgia - Volume 1.
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Aug 80,49p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6004
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of resource recovery for the
two counties. This determination involved develop-
ment of first-order estimates of the quantity of waste
generated by Macon/Bibb and Houston Counties;
evaluation of the market potential for energy recovery,
development and evaluation of resource recovery al-
ternatives; and identification of the major tasks to be
performed prior to deciding to implement a resource
recovery project These activities reflect the results of
several site visits to Macon, Bibb, and Houston Coun-
ties and interviews with county and municipal person-
nel as well as 12 industrial energy users in the area.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Wastes, Technical as-
sistance, Georgia, "Solid waste management,
Macon(Georgia), Houston County(Georgia), "Energy
recovery. Bibb County(Georgia), Resource recovery
facilities, Solid waste collection systems, Waste recy-
cling, Refuse derived fuels.
PB82-211574 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings of Symposium on Process Measure-
ments for Environmental Assessment (2nd), Held
at the Sheraton-Atlanta Hotel In Atlanta, Georgia
on February 25-27,1980,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
December 1983 1289
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Judith C. Harris, Philip L Levins, and Karen D. Drewitz,
Apr 81, 355p ADL-82480-02, IERL-RTP-1154,. EPA/
600/9-81-018
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
See also PB82-211582 through PB82-211889, PB82-
144772, and PB-290 331.
The report documents 22 presentations comprising 12
poster sessions at the symposium. The symposium fo-
cused on the state-of-the-art of sampling and analysis
techniques that are appropriate for process measure-
ments in the context of an environmental assessment
program. Methods are included for qualitative and
quantitative chemical characterization of organic and
inorganic species in process and discharge streams
and biological assays of environmental samples. The
symposium was part of EPA's continuing effort to
share recently developed methodology and encourage
the interchange of ideas between researchers in gov-
ernment, industry, and academia. Topics included: use
of sorbents for sampling, sampling of reactive species,
sampling and analysis methodology for coal conver-
sion processes, advanced inorganic analysis tech-
niques, advanced organic analysis techniques, and ap-
plication of bioassay methods to complex samples.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, As-
sessments, Sorbents, Sampling, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Bioassay, Coal gasifica-
tion. Chemical analysis, Synthetic fuels, State of the
art. Coal liquefaction.
PB82-2115B2
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Tno Inte0r£ttdl ApproACfi to CfMHincw'ololoolctt
Analysis,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. R.Guerin.Apr81,16p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
pl-161981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211590
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Description of Bioassay Results and Projection of
Bioassay Study Needs in Support of a Major Syn-
fuete Industry,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. R. Kolber, M. B. Wilkie, T. J. Woffl, and D. G.
Nichols. Apr 81, 24p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P17-401981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211608
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Collection and Recovery of Organtes from Water
Using XAO-2 and XE-347 Resins,
LitHe (Arthur D.), Inc.. Cambridge, MA.
J. C. Harris, M. J. Cohen, and M. J. Hayes. Apr 81,14p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P41-541981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211616
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Approaches to Level 11R and LRMS Measurement
and Spectral Interpretation,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Oiv.
W. F. Gutkr>echt,andA. Gaskill.Jr. Apr82,19p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p65-731981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211624
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Characterization of Coal Gasification By-Products
and Ambient Air Samples from a Lurgl Gasifica-
tion Faculty by Selective Detector Gas Chroma-
Radian
K. W. Lee,
>., Austin, TX
5. S. Lewis, and C. H. Williams. Apr 82,13p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P74-861981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211632
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Characterization of Process Streams from Lique-
faction of Low-Rank Coal wtth Synthesis Gas,
Department of Energy, Grand Forks, ND. Grand Forks
Energy Technology Center.
Bruce W. Famum, Sylvia A. Famum, and Curtis L
Knudson. Apr 81,17p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P87-1031981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211640
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Four-Hour Algal Btosssays for Assessing the Tox-
Idty of Coat-Derived Materials,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J.M.Giddings.Apr81,13p
Included In Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p104-1161981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211S57
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
fVemrfht f^MeteM*kb«MMj«M of IWilitenir-l^*r •••»•••• •!• U»t
uwvci uvmriiRMUun or rmynuviw AIUIIWUV ny*
drocarbons In Coal Liquids and Shale Oft,
Ames Lab., IA.
A. P. D'Sitva, Y. Yang, and V. A. Fassel. Apr 81, 2p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p117-1181981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211665
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Synchronous Fluorescence and Phosphores-
cence at Room Temperature for Levels 1 and 2
Organic Analysis,
OakRidge National Lab., TN.
R. B. Gammage, T. Vo-Dinh, and P. R. Martinez. 1961.
15p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P119-1331981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211673
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
AppBeatton of Contaminant Enrichment Modules
to Organic Trace Analysis,
Columbia National Fisheries Research Lab., MO.
D. L Stalling, J. D. Petty, L M. Smith, and G. R. Dubay.
1981,9p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P134-1421981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211681
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Multichannel, Remote Controfted, Teflon and
Glass Positive Dtsptacement Apparatus for Col-
lecting Trace Organic* from Environmental
Sources,
IHrois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
D. d Tkjwell, and D. J. Schaeffer. Apr 81,12p
Included in Proceedngs of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P143-1541981.
No abstract avaJabte.
PB82-211699
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Organic Adds In
Diesel Exhaust and Mine Air,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
I. Bodek, and K. T. Menzies. Apr 81,14p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p155-1681981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211707
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
A New Electrochemical Approach to Trace Level
Aldehyde and Ketone Analysis,
Louisville Univ., KY. Dept of Chemistry.
R. P. Baldwin, J. F. Price, and J. Siria. Apr 81,14p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P169-1821981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211715
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
A Computer Interfaced Toxlcfty Testing System
for Simulating Variable Effluent Loading,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst and State Univ., Blacksburg.
J. Cairns. Jr., and K. W. Thompson. Apr 81,16p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p183-2061981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211723
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
On-Une Monitoring of Toxic Materials hi Sewage
at the Lawrence Uvermore Laboratory,
Lawrence LJvermore National Lab., CA.
M. Auyong, J. L Gate, Jr., and D. W. Rueppel. Apr 81,
8p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P199-2061981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211731
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Comparison of Four Leachate Generation Proce-
dures,
OCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. E.Bause. Apr 81,19p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P207-2251981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211749
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Possible Effects of Collection Methods and
Sample Preparation of Level 1 Health Effects
Testing of Complex Mixtures,
Litton Biooetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
D.J.Brusick.Apr81,14p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
D226-2401981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211756
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Coal Fly Ash as a Model Complex Mixture for
Short-Term Bioassay,
Battelte Columbus Labs., OH.
G. L Fisher, C. E. Chrisp, and F. D. Wilson. Apr 81,15p
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Davis.
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
D241-2551981.
No abstract available.
1290 Vot. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-211764
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Elemental Analysis for Environmental Assess-
ment Measurements,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
K.T. McGregor. Apr 81,20p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p256-2651981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211772
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Level 2 Inorganic Sampling and Analysis Method-
ology Applied to F6D Systems,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA.
R. F. Maddalone. Apr 81,30p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P276-3051981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211780
(Order as PB82-211780, PC A16/MF A01)
FTIR: A Tool for Both Organic and Inorganic Anal-
yses In Environmental Assessment Programs,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. L. Barbour, and R. J. Jakobsen. 1981,18p
Included in Proceedings o1 the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P306-3221981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211798
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Evaluation of Stable Labeled Compounds as In-
ternal Standards for Quantitative GC/MS,
Systems, Science and Software, La Jolla, CA.
B. N. Colby. 1981,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3251981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211B06
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Evaluaton of Level 1 Analysis Procedures,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, W. F. Gutknecht, A. Gaskill, Jr., and
D. E. Lentzen. Apr81,1p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3271981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211814
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Anomalous High Total Cyanide Results due to Ni-
trite In Btotreater Effluents: The Key to the 'Cya-
nide-Generation Syndrome' In Btotreater Technol-
Shell Development Co., Houston, TX.
R. A. Johnson, and J. C. Rapean. Apr 81, 1p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3281981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211822
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Design Modifications to the Source Assessment
Sampflng System,
Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. L Campbell, K. W. Mason, W. R. Parker, and T. J.
Wagner. Apr 81,1p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
03291981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211830
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Diagnosis of Metal SpeclatJon In Aqueous Solu-
tions,
State Univ. of New York at Binghamton.
B. McDuffie, and P. Figure. Apr 81,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
D3301981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211848
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Solid Sorbents for Air Sampling,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. F. Piecewicz, J. C. Harris, and P. L Levins. Apr 81,
1p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
p331 1981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211855
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Screening - Biological and Chemical Data Analy-
sis,
Research Triangle Inst, Durham, NC.
N. H. Sexton, and L I. Southerland. Apr 81,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
D3321981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211863
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Analysis of Coal Liquid Subtractions which Exhib-
it Mterobial Mutagente Activity,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Wilson, R. A. Pelroy, M. R. Peterson, and W. C.
Weimer. Apr 81,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3331981.
No abstract available.
•PB82-211871
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Quantttation of Potycydlc Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons In Complex Mixtures by High Resolution
Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spec-
trometry Using Selected Ion Monitoring,
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA. Pittsburgh
Energy Technology Center.
G. A. Gibbon, and C. M. White. Apr 81,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
D3341981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211889
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Analytical Results of a PCB Test Incineration,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
C. D. Wolbach, W. F. Fitch, N. Flynn, and B. Markoja.
Apr81,1p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3351981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211897
(Order as PB82-211574, PC A16/MF A01)
Measurement Methods for SOx and NOx In the
Presence of NH3,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. S. Chase, and B. M. Myatt Apr 81,1 p
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process
Measurement for Environmental Assessment (2nd),
P3241981.
No abstract available.
PB82-211996 PC A09/MF A01
The Bloenvironmental Impact of a Coal-Fired
Power Plant Fifth Interim Report, Colestrlp, Mon-
tana. Interim rept. Dec 77-Dec 78,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Eric M. Preston, and David W. O'Guinn. Jun 80,178p
EPA-600/3-80/052
The US EPA has recognized the need for a rational ap-
proach to the incorporation of ecological impact infor-
mation into power facility siting decisions in the north-
ern great plains. Research funded by the Colstrip,
Coal-Fired Power Plant project is a first attempt to gen-
erate methods to predict the biqenvironmental effects
of air pollution before damage is sustained. Pre-con-
struction documentation of the environmental charac-
teristics of the grassland ecosystem in the vicinity of
Colstrip, Montana began in the summer of 1974. Since
then, key characteristics of the ecosystem have been
monitored regularly to detect possible pollution im-
pacts upon plant and animal community structure.
Keywords: *Coal, 'Electric power plants, 'Environ-
mental impacts, *Air pollution, 'Ecology, Grassland,
Mathematical models, Remote sensing, Monitoring,
Aerosols, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Microme-
teorology, Sulfur dioxide, Montana, Coal-Fired MHD
generators.
PB82-21270S PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Diesel Car Regulation and Traffic Casualties,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Roy McDonald, and Gregory K. Ingram. 1982,53p
Contract EPA-68-01-5972
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Department of Transportation, Washing-
ton, DC. Prepared in cooperation with ARC Technol-
ogies and World Bank.
Requested by the White House Office of Science and
Technology, the National Research Council made a
comprehensive study of the human health effects and
public policy issues associated with the prospective in-
crease in the use of diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
in the US. The authors examined the implications of
the increasing use of diesel cars on traffic fatalities.
Reducing vehicle weight improves fuel economy but
indications are that probability of injuries or fatalities to
drivers and passengers in traffic accidents is in-
creased. In the 1990s when diesels are estimated to
constitute perhaps as much as 25% of light-duty-vehi-
cle miles traveled, several hundred fewer fatalities and
several thousand fewer injuries are likely to occur per
yr. However, current policy is to accept potential in-
creases in traffic casualties that accompany vehicle
downsizing. If the safety features of passenger cars
are not altered, a reduction in average vehicle weight
of 100 pounds is estimated to increase the annual
number of traffic accident fatalities by approx. 1000.
Under certain circumstances these projections of fa-
tality rates could be reduced, i.e. introduction of pas-
sive restraint systems and the potential of increased
use of diesels for reducing fire-related automobile
deaths.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Diesel engines, 'Regula-
tions, "Casualties, Motor vehicle accidents, Diesel
fuels, Weight(Mass), Decision making, Injuries, Safely
devices. Statistical analysis, Health hazards, Public
policy, Light duty vehicles, Passive restraint systems.
PB82-212721 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Decision Analysis of Regulating Diesel Cars,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
William W. Hogan. 1982,64p
Contract EPA-68-01 -5972
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Department of Transportation, Washing-
ton, DC. Prepared in cooperation with Harvard Univ.,
Cambridge.
Requested by the White House Office of Science and
Technology, t"6 National Research Council made a
comprehensive study of the human health effects and
public policy issues associated with the prospective in-
crease in the use of diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
in the US. The purpose of the study was to inform
those government bodies, along with Congress, the
automotive industry, and the American Public, about
the current state of knowledge and understanding of
diesel engine emissions and their control and to pro-
December 1983 1291
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vide an authoritative and balanced examination of the
risks and implications of the anticipated growth in the
number of lightweight dtesel vehicles. The Panel ex-
amined an approach to the selection of the best timing
and level for regulating diesel engine emissions from
passenger cars and small trucks.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Diesel engines, 'Regula-
tions, Exhaust emissions, Diesel fuels, Air pollution,
Decision making, Health hazards. Public policy, Light
duty vehicles. Clean Air Act Air pollution control, Risk
assessment. Air quality, Environmental protection.
PB82-212770
Compr
•dMs
PC A08/MF A01
> Diagnostic Evaluation and Setect-
rrtla
. Technical rapt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Feb 82,161 p EPA-430/9-82-003
The Comprehensive Diagnostic Evaluation process
presented in this publication was specifically designed
to assist local government officials and wastewater
utility managers in effectively evaluating the manage-
ment and operation of wastewater utilities and devel-
oping and implementing management solutions to
achieve water quality compliance and cost control.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water quality
management. Local government. Waste water reuse,
Cost engineering, Operating costs. Budgeting, Person-
nel development. Maintenance, Public utilities. Moni-
toring, Sewers, Sewage treatment. Improvement, Li-
censes, Evaluation, Alternative planning.
tion Agency,
Development
ure to Environ
PC A07/MF A01
Washington, DC.
PBU-212895
Environmental Protection
Office of Research and
Workshop on Exposure to Environmental Agents,
Their MstaboHsm, and Mechanisms of Toxfctty:
rissssrch Needs. Summary rept
Geomet Technologies. Inc., RockvBte, MD.
Aug81,138p*
Contract EPA-68-01-5773
Prepared in cooperation with Task Force on Environ-
mental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report is the product of a workshop sponsored by
the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart
and Lung Disease. It contains 72 recommendations for
basic and applied environmental research, which were
developed through a consensus of scientific experts
from Government industry and academia. Research
needs are identified in the following areas: accessing
Federal data systems for epidemiological research; im-
proving analytical techniques for monitoring and as-
sessing human exposures; understarxSng mecha-
nisms of activation and detoxification of environmental
pollutants in animals and humans; examining the inter-
actions of environmental pollutants with macrornole-
cutes, such as DNA; and understanding the repair and
repiicative processes, and gene expression as possi-
ble common lexicological events in cancer and heart
and lung disease.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology. Safety. Deoxyrt-
bonuctetc acid, Research, Information systems, Epide-
miology, Exposure, Occupational Diseases. Metabo-
lism. Public health. Preventive medkane, Etiology,
Toxic diseases, Respiratory diseases, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Analytical methods,
Occupational safety and health. Federal government
P8K-212929 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
A Description antfCrttkjue >ofSolsnd Watsr Con-
servation Programs In Washington County, Wis-
consin. FnaJ rept 1975-79,
Wisconsin Board of Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
Steven J. Berkowitz, and Robert R. Schneider. Feb 82,
75p EPA-905/9-82-002
Grant EPA-G-0051 39
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Macfr-
son. Water Resources Center.
This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of
the so* and water conservation programs in meeting
their mandate to control erosion on agricultural lands.
ThTevaJuition framework is established by describing
the legislative mandates and operational procedures
followed by each program. Consideration is given to
both the horizontal linkages between the programs of
different agencies and to the infra-agency linkages be-
tween the establishment of program objectives, plan-
ning and implementation strategies.
Keywords: *SoH conservation, 'Water conservation,
'Farms, Legislation, Project planning, Objectives,
Technical assistance, Erosion control, Drainage,
Swamps, Marshes, Agricultural wastes, Livestock,
Water pollution control. Cultivation, Washington
CountyfWisconsin), Priorities.
PB82-213075 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Transport and
Fats of Toxic Chemicals hi the Environment, Nor-
folk, Virginia, December 17-20,1978. Final rept,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Rizwanul Hague. May 81,242p EPA-600/9-81 -024
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Presentations at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency sponsored workshop on Transport and Fate of
Toxic Chemicals in the Environment conducted in
Norfolk, Virginia, December 17-20, 1978, are docu-
mented. The six sections, corresponding to the sec-
tions of the workshop, derive from the efforts of ninety-
three scientists from government academia and in-
dustry, and represent state-of-the-art understanding in
transport and fate research in water, air and soil/sedi-
ments compartments; effects of biota on toxic sub-
stances; exposure assessment and modeling; and reg-
ulatory aspects of transport and fate research. Within
each section current methodologies are reviewed, re-
search needs are presented, and priorities for future
research are discussed. In the final section, federal
legislation for regulation of toxic chemicals in the envi-
ronment is summarized and research efforts which will
aid in formulation and implementation of laws and reg-
ulations are suggested.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings,
'Chemical compounds, Transport properties, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Soils, Sediments, Exposure, As-
sessments, Regulations, Chemistry, 'Path of pollut-
ants, 'Toxic substances, Biological processes. Land
pollution, NorfolkfVirginia).
PB82-213836 _ PCAtt5/MF A01
Fins) Environmental Impact Statement, City of
COUST D'Aisns, Idaho, Wastewater FacBKtes Plan.
Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle. WA.
Region X
Jan 82,97p EPA-910/9-82-088
Prepared in cooperation with Jones and Stokes Asso-
ciates, Inc., Sacramento, CA. See also PB81-159972.
Upgrade of the existing treatment plant at Coeur
d" Atone is the alternative recommended by the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency in this final Environmen-
tal Impact Statement as the most cost effective, envi-
ronmentally accepted alternative. Also discussed is
future development on BlackweR Island and protection
of the wetlands on the island.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Upgradtog, Construction,
Land use, Sludge dfeposal, Ground water, Water pollu-
tion. Fisheries, Archaeology, Idaho, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Coeur d Atene(klaho).
PB82-213919 PCA03/MFA01
Benefit/Cost Analysis for State and Local Noise
Control Programs, Phase II Report In-Use Con-
trols of Motor Vehicles with Degraded Mufflers
and Regulation* Scenario*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Paul U. Pawik, and W. Donald Franklin. Jun 81, SOp
EPA-550/9-82-152
This study projects the noise exposure of the U.S. pop-
ulation from motor vehicles to the Year 2000 and indi-
cates the reduction of such exposures from various
new product regulations compared with in-use en-
forcement programs that concentrate on the removal
of a portion of defective motor vehicle exhausts. Along
with the benefits, the potential costs of various con-
trols are projected for comparison purposes.
'Motor vehicles, 'Noise reduction, Noise
Law enforcement Benefit cost analysis,
. ._„ ; Exhaust systems, Transportation noise,
Engine mufflers, Urban areas, 'Noise exposure, Sce-
narios.
PB82-213984 PC E99
Notification of Hazardous Waste Site* Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act(CERCLA)of1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,3180p-in10v
Set includes PB82-213992 through PB82-214081.
No abstract available.
PB82-213992 PC A08/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,170p
See also PB82-214008.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9,1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, Compensation and
liability act 'Toxic substances, 'EPA region 1, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-21400B PC A14/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of Ins Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,311p
See also PB82-213992, and PB82-214016.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfurid) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9.1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, compensation and li-
1292 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ability act, 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 2, Solid
wastes. Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214016 PC A16/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,367p
See also PB82-214008, and PB82-214024.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, P882-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9, 1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, compensation and li-
ability act, 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 3, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214024 PC A20/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Sectton 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,474p
See also PB82-214016, and PB82-214032.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9,1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, Compensation and
liability act 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 4, Solid
wastes. Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214032 PC A99/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 5.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,719p
See also PB82-214024, and PB82-214040.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9, 1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103 (c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, pnefqr each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, compensation and li-
ability act, 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 5, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214040 PC A17/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,379p
See also PB82-214032, and PB82-214057.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9, 1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, Compensation and
liability act, 'Toxic substances, 'EPA region 6, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214057 PC A10/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,211p
See also PB82-214040, and PB82-214065.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9,1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, compensation and li-
ability act, 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 7, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214065 PC A06/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar 82,123p
See also PB82-214057, and PB82-214073.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9, 1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, Compensation and
liability act, 'Toxic substances, *EPA region 8, Solid
wastes, Chemical spills, Listings.
PB82-214073 PC A13/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sites Required
Under Section 103
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-214081 PC A07/MF A01
Notification of Hazardous Waste Sttes Required
Under Section 103(c) of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA) of 1980: EPA Region 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar82,142p
See also PB82-214073.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB82-
213984.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 PL 96-
510 (commonly known as Superfund) mandates in
Section 103(c) that certain persons notify the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) by June 9,1981
of the existence of sites where hazardous wastes from
industries, businesses, government, hospitals, and
other sources are stored, treated or disposed of. This
document comprises a listing of 8,755 notifications of
hazardous waste sites. For each notification, the listing
summarizes the location, the persons required to
notify, the amount and type of any hazardous waste to
be found on the site reported, and any known or sus-
pected releases of hazardous wastes. The CERCLA
103(c) notification was mandated to help EPA and
State and local governments remedy problems cre-
ated by uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal. This
document contains ten volumes, one for each EPA
region. Within each volume, the notifications are pre-
sented alphabetically by state and site name within
each state, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Compre-
hensive environmental response, Compensation and
liability act 'Toxic substances, 'EPA region 10, Solid
wastes. Chemical spills. Listings.
PB82-214222 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Pesticides and PCB's In Industri-
al and Municipal Wastewaters. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
John D. Millar. Richard E. Thomas, and Donald E.
Johnson. Apr 82,220p* EPA-600/4-82-023
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
Steps in the procedure for the analysis of 25 chlorinat-
ed pesticides and porychlorinated biphenyls were stud-
ied. Two gas chromatographtc columns and two detec-
tors (electron capture and Hall electrolytic conductivi-
ty) were evaluated. Extractions were performed with
two solvents (dichlorometnane and 15 percent dichlor-
omethane in hexane) at 3 pH's to determine extraction
efficiencies. The effects of storage for 7 days, in the
presence of residual chlorine, at two temperatures
were determined. Florisil and alumina were compared
as adsorbents for the cleanup of extracts. Recoveries
of the substances from dean water and wastewater
were measured, and assessments of accuracy and
precision were made. The method is satisfactory for
the analysis of dean waters and wastewaters having a
relatively low background of interferences. However, it
does not work wen against medium to high levels of
background interferences produced by substances
that are electron capture sensitive, especially hatoge-
nated ones. Use of the Hall detector is indicated when
nonhalogenated electron capture sensitive interfer-
ences are a problem, even though some loss in sensi-
tivity will occur. When halogenated interferences are
overwhelming, altered gas cnromatography conditions
and columns, such as temperature programming and
columns which produce better resolution than the
ones studied in this work, will be required.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water analysis, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds. Chemical analysis, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Sewage, Industrial wastes. Solvent extractions,
•Water pollution detection, 'Potychlorinated biphen-
yto.
PB82-214982 PC A05/MF A01
Low-Cost Approaches to Vehicle Emissions In-
spection and Maintenance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Oct 81,88p EPA-AA-IMS/81-7
This report addresses an I/M (Inspection/Mainte-
nance) program in which only idle CO (carbon monox-
ide) emissions are measured. In comparison with most
common I/M programs, which also test idle hydrocar-
bon emissions, this approach will achieve the same
amount of CO emission reduction and is only moder-
ately less effective in reducing HC emissions. Repairs
will be much simpler and cost much less in a 'CO only'
program since carburetor adjustments will usually be
the only necessary repair for pre-1981 vehicles. This
type of repair will cost between $6 and $10, compared
to average repair costs of $18 to $30 in a conventional
program. The 'CO only' program will also improve fuel
economy of repaired vehicles by 4%. The report con-
cludes that a 'CO only' I/M program offers significant
reductions in total HC and CO emissions from automo-
biles at a lower cost than most conventional I/M pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Inspection, 'Maintenance,
Exhaust emissions, Carbon monoxide, Air pollution,
Cost analysis.
PB82-217126 PC A12/MF A01
Fugitive Emission Sources of Organic Com-
pounds - Additional Information on Emissions,
Emission Reductions, and Costs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 82,258p EPA-450/3-82-010
Standards of performance to control fugitive emissions
of VOC from new, modified, and reconstructed Syn-
thetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry
(SOCMI) process units were proposed on January 5,
1981 (46 FR 1136). This document contains the data
and methodologies which EPA believes most accu-
rately characterizes SOCMI fugitive emission rates of
VOC, effectiveness of control techniques, and control
costs.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution,
'Chemical industry, 'Standards, Industrial wastes,
Leakage, Sampling, Cost analysis, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution
abatement Emission factors.
PB82-217498 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Interim GuideHnes for the Disposal/Destruction of
PCBs and PCB Items by Non-Thermal Methods.
ReptforSep80-Jul81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
E. M. Sworzyn. and D. G. Ackerman. Apr 82,177p
EPA-60/2-82-069
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report is an interim resource and guideline docu-
ment to help EPA regional offices implement the poly-
chlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regulations (40 CFR 761)
for using non-thermal methods of destroying/dispos-
ing of PCBs. The report describes and evaluates vari-
ous alternative chemical, physical, and biological PCB
removal and/or destruction technologies, including:
carbon adsorption; catalytic dehyarochlorination;
chtorinotysis; sodium-based dechkxination; photorytic
and microwave plasma destruction; catalyzed wet-air
oxidation; and activated sludge, trickling fitter, and
other bacterial methods. The alternative technologies
were evaluated using technical, regulatory, environ-
mental impact economic, and energy criteria. Be-
cause the technologies investigated are in various
stages of development (only sodium-based dechlorin-
ation is available commercially), data deficiencies exist
and good engineering judgment was used to supple-
mem available quantitative information. Of the tech-
nologies evaluated, many show potential for >90%
PCB destruction with minimum environmental impact
and low-to-moderate economic cost These technol-
ogies are: catalytic dehydrochlorination, sodium-based
dechlorination, and photorytic and microwave plasma
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Chlorine organic
compounds, Stability, Environmental impact Cataly-
sis. Dechlorination, Microwaves, Photolysis, Econom-
ics. Substitutes, "Porychlorinated biphenyte.
PB82-217522 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Meteorology and Air Quality Patterns in SL Louis
RAPS Program: Upper Level Analyses. Final rept
Oct78-Feb82,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Mark Vuono, Fletcher Shives, and Elmer Robinson.
May 82,133p EPA-600/3-82-056
Grant EPA-806176
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
A statistical map-typing procedure was used to stratify
regional weather patterns over a 800-km radius area
centered on St. Louis. It was intended for application
to air pollution studies. Seasonal weather types were
obtained for 850-mb height patterns and for geostro-
phic wind patterns based on surface pressure gradi-
ents for the four-year period 1973 through 1976. A
total of 21 separate weather map types were identified
for the 850-mb level synoptic flow, and a total of 36
map types were identified for the geostrophic wind
flow. To show the relationships between the synoptic
weather types and air quality, statistical correlations
were calculated between the daily map types and ob-
served air quality data using 03, CO, total suspended
particles, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations from the
1975-1976 St. Louis RAPS program.
Keywords: 'Weather, Transport properties,
Wind(Meteorology), Concentration(Composition),
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Particles, Sulfates, Inorgan-
ic nitrates, Air pollution, Missouri, Meteorological
charts, 'Air quality, 'Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB82-217530 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Techniques to Determine A Company's Ability to
Conduct a Quality Stack Test Technical assistant
document.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
William J. Mitchell, and Eva Estes. Mar 82,44p EPA-
600/4-82-018
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
Techniques to determine a testing company's ability to
conduct a quality stack test for compliance or process
engineering purposes are presented. The document
has four sections. The first identifies characteristics
commonly associated with laboratories that have a
history of performing high quality stack tests. The
second part suggests questions that can be asked of
candidate companies during the selection process and
presents process information that should be given to
them so that they may be evaluated fairly. The third
part presents techniques the evaluator can use at a
company's laboratory during a pretest selection visit
The last part presents techniques that can be used
during and after the actual test to determine the per-
formance of the testing company and to estimate the
quality of their test results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Laboratories, Characteris-
tics, Personnel selection, Chimneys, Field tests, Per-
formance evaluation, Monitoring, 'Stacks.
PB82-217795 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Development of Techniques and Methodology for
the Laboratory Culture of Striped Bass, Morone
Saxatllis (Walbaum). Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Mar 82,285p EPA-600/3-82-017,, ERLN-X2
Contract EPA-68-03-0316
This report describes the research undertaken to de-
velop laboratory culture techniques for striped bass
(Morone saxatilis) which can be used to provide an
adequate supply of various life stages of this important
fish species for water quality and hazard evaluation
testing. For each of the four life stages (egg, larva, ju-
venile and adult), the upper and lower lethal levels,
where applicable, and an approximation of optimum
conditions were defined with regard to physical char-
acteristics of the environment including temperature,
salinity, dissolved oxygen, light, and turbidity. Satisfac-
tory laboratory diets were defined and verified for each
life stage.
Keywords: 'Bass, 'Laboratories, 'Aquaculture,
'Water pollution, Life cycles, Hazards, Larvae, Ocean
temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Tur-
bidity, Diets, Toxicology, LJght(Visible radiation),
* Morone saxatilis.
1294 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-218082 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Conference on General Aviation Airport Noise
and Land Use Planning.
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Coll. of Architecture.
Feb80,243p-in3v
Set includes PB82-218090 through PB82-218116.
No abstract available.
PB82-218090 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Conference on General Aviation Airport Noise
and Land Use Planning. Volume I: Panel Summa-
ries, October 3-5,1979. Final rapt,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Coll. of Architecture.
Clifford R Bragdon. Feb 80,40p EPA/550/9-80-320
Contract EPA-68-01 -5161
See also Volume 2, PB82-218108.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
218082.
This report constitutes the proceedings of the three
day conference on general aviation airport noise and
land use planning. Included are advance copies of the
speakers' presentations that were available at the con-
ference, a summary of each of the five panels, a noise
bibliography, and a transcription of all discussions in-
cluding audience participation. The conference was
unique in the sense that a diverse group of individuals
were invited to attend representing the wide range of
constituents of general aviation. They were encour-
aged to participate by expressing their interests and
views and to interact with each other. Because of the
novel aspects of the conference and the fact that there
is no comparable information available elsewhere, it
was determined to reproduce all discussions as accu-
rately as possible. It is anticipated that other confer-
ences of this nature will be held and that this report will
provide valuable background and reference informa-
tion.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'General aviation aircraft, 'Noise
pollution, 'Land use, 'Meetings, Noise reduction, Land
use zoning, Aircraft noise, Urban planning, Legislation.
PB82-218108 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Conference on General Aviation Airport Noise
and Land Use Planning. Volume II: Prepared
Papers, October 3-5,1979. Final rept.
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. Coll. of Architecture.
Feb 80,186p EPA/550/9-80-320-B
Contract EPA-68-01-5161
See also Volume 1, PB82-218090, and Volume 3,
PB82-218116.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
218082.
This volume, Volume II, of the report on the Confer-
ence on General Aviation Airport Noise and Land Use
Planning at Georgia Institute of Technology, October
3, 4, and 5, 1979, includes the 12 prepared papers
which were presented at the conference.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'General aviation aircraft, 'Noise
pollution, 'Land use, 'Meetings, Noise reduction. Land
use zoning, Aircraft noise, Urban planning, Legislation.
PB82-218116 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Conference on General Aviation Airport Noise
and Land Use Planning. Volume III: Program, Pan-
elists, and Attendees, October 3-5,1979. Final rept.
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. Coll. of Architecture.
Feb 80,17p
See also Volume 2, PBB82-218108. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
218082.
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Noise Abatement and Control sponsored a Confer-
ence on 'General Aviation Airport Noise and Land Use'
at The Georgia Institute of Technology on October 3-5,
1979. This program and list of panelists at the Confer-
ence provides information on the composition of the
panelists and the position in the industry or community
of the speakers as noted in the Volume I summaries of
panel discussions and in the Volume III transcript of
the Conference proceedings.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'General aviation aircraft, 'Noise
pollution, 'Land use, 'Meetings, Noise reduction, Land
use zoning, Aircraft noise, Urban planning, Legislation.
PB82-218512 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Application and Evaluation of Analytical Proce-
dures for Trace Metals, Total Cyanides and Phen-
olics. Summary rept. Jun 79-Jun 80,
Biospherics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Gary J. Gottfried. May 82,92p EPA-600/4-82-001
Contract EPA-68-03-2788
Analytical procedures for the determination of trace
metals, total cyanides and phenolics were systemati-
cally evaluated for their applicability industry-wide.
Matrix interferences, methods equivalency, and analyt-
ical precision were investigated through a series of du-
plicate and spiked analyses on non-diluted and diluted
samples. Validation of the methodologies and identifi-
cation of their limitations were thus established both
within specific industrial classifications and across
multiple industrial processes.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Metals, 'Cyanides,
'Phenols, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Water pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Atomic spectra, Absorption
spectra, Extraction, Volumetric analysis, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, State of the art. Procedures.
PB82-218520 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Second National Conference on General Aviation
Airport Noise and Land Use Planning. Summary of
Proceedings: A Dialogue to Balance Needs. Final
rept,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
John Schettino, and Michael Staiano. Apr 82,298p
EPA-550/9-82-337
Contract EPA-68-01-6154
This report constitutes the proceedings of the three
day Second National Conference on General Aviation
Airport Noise and Land Use Planning. The main pur-
pose of the Conference was to continue the dialogue
initiated at the First National Conference which took
place in October of 1979 in Atlanta, Georgia. The em-
phasis in this conference was the implementation of
solutions at the State and local level. Another objec-
tive of the Conference was to develop a document that
would be useful to those dealing with general aviation
airport noise and land-use planning. This report is in-
tended to serve this purpose.
Keywords: 'General aviation aircraft, 'Airports, 'Noise
pollution, 'Meetings, 'Land use, Noise reduction,
Law(Jurisprudence), Urban areas, Land use zoning,
Urban planning, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-218579 PC A03/MF A01
Substrategy for Construction Site Noise Abate-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Paul U. Pawlik. Aug 81,49p EPA-550/9-62-151
This study outlines a national strategy to address con-
struction site-noise. After explaining the peculiar
nature of construction-site noise and estimating the
population exposed to high noise levels, the author
presents viable methods to control such noise. It was
found that non-regulatory solutions are the best solu-
tion, after analyzing controls using criteria like: the ef-
fectiveness in reducing noise exposure, the speed with
which effectiveness is obtained, the relative overall
cost to contractors, and the proper place of primary re-
sponsibility.
Keywords: 'Construction equipment 'Noise pollution,
Noise reduction, Urban planning, Land use planning,
Construction management Cost analysis, Law en-
forcement, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure, 'Con-
struction noise.
PB82-218629 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Analysis of Noise-Related Auditory and Associat-
ed Health Problems In the U.S. Adult Population
(1971-1975): Volume 1,
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Judith D. Singer, T. J. Tomberlin, J. M. Smith, and A. J.
Schrier. Mar 82,196pEPA-550/9-82-103A
Contract EPA-68-01-6264
See also Volume 2, PB82-218637.
Analyses presented are based on the national proba-
bility subsample of 6913 adults aged 25-74 years who
were administered an audiometric test as well as de-
tailed questionnaires and physical examinations deal-
ing with hypertension and a variety of other health con-
ditions. Detailed occupational descriptions were used
to estimate approximate eight-hour noise levels for the
sample of 3842 adults aged 25-74 years in the work-
force. Among the major findings (1) Hearing impair-
ment is a widespread health problem in the United
States; (2) Occupational noise exposure was identified
as a major risk factor associated with the prevalence
of hearing impairment among men; (3) Occupational
noise exposure was not significantly related to hearing
sensitivity among working women; (4) Occupational
noise exposure was found to have a weak, but never-
theless significant association with hypertension for
both men and women; (5) Among men, occupational
noise exposure was associated with overall physical
health, whereas among women, it was associated with
only overall psychological health; and (6) No conclu-
sive relationships were found between occupational
noise exposure and the remaining indicators of specif-
ic health conditions.
Keywords: 'Auditory defects, Hypertension, Auditory
perception, Adults, United States, Demographic sur-
veys, Audiometry, Noise(Spund), 'Noise induced hear-
ing loss, 'Occupational noise.
PB82-218637 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Analysis of Noise-Related Auditory and Associat-
ed Hearth Problems in the U.S. Adult Population
(1971-1975): Volume 2,
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Judith D. Singer, T. J. Tomberlin, J. M. Smith, and A. J.
Schrier. Mar 82,188p EPA-550/9-82-103B
Contract EPA-68-01-6264
See also Volume 1, PB82-218629.
Volume 2 - Appendix contains tables - statistical data
in support of hearing demographics, and hearing
status in the United States and the auditory and non-
auditory correlates of occupational noise exposure.
Keywords: 'Auditory defects, Hypertension, Auditory
perception, Adults, United States, Demographic sur-
veys, Audiometry, Noise(Sound), 'Noise induced hear-
ing loss, 'Occupational noise.
PB82-219122 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Organization and Adaptation of Aquatic Laborato-
ry Ecosystems Exposed to the Pesticide Dleldrln,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
William J. Liss, Daniel M. Weltering, Susan E. Finger,
Michael L. Kulbicki, and Becky McClurken. May 82,
120p EPA-600/3-82-050
Grant EPA-R804622
A system of generalizations pertaining to the organiza-
tion, development and persistence, adaptation, and
productivity of ecological systems and their response
to toxic substances was formulated. Laboratory eco-
systems composed of persistent populations of gup-
pies, amphipods, snails and various microinverte-
brates were used in examining the system of general-
izations for their utility and conformity with observation.
Guppy populations in the ecosystems were exploited
at different rates to simulate fishing, and the systems
were provided with different levels of habitat availabil-
ity and energy input rates. The laboratory communities
developed different steady-state structures at different
guppy exploitation rates and different levels of habitat
availability and energy input. Guppies, amphipods, and
snails were competitors for a common food resource,
organic matter derived in part from the primary energy
source, an alfalfa ration. Amphipods were also a prey
of the guppies. Changes in exploitation rate and habi-
tat availability and energy input brought about changes
in the densities of all these interacting populations.
December 1983 1295
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Snails, 'Dieldrin, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity,
Experimental design, Reproduction(Biology), Acclima-
tization, Ecology, Invertebrates, Fishing, Feeding
stuffs, Life cycles, Concentration(Composition), Aquar-
iums, "Guppies, Habitats, Predation.
PB82-219163 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Availability of Workplace Noise Control Technolo-
gy for Selected Machines,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
H. Bruce, K. Eldred, C. Jokel, R. Potter, and D. Melone.
May 82,288p BBN-4330, EPA-550/9-81 -321
Contract EPA-68-01 -5037
This report reviews the noise control technology avail-
able to equipment manufacturers and users of the fol-
lowing machines: automatic screw machines, semi-
automatic stamping presses, planes, wood saws,
metal saws, crawler tractors, molding machines, spin-
ning frames, and twisters. The study also looks at the
reasons for the unavailability of certain control tech-
nology. The availability of new quiet machines on the
market place is also reviewed.
Keywords: 'Machinery, 'Noise pollution, Screw ma-
chines, Saws, Presses, Woodworking machinery, Tex-
tile machinery, Molding machines, Bulldozers, Noise
reduction, Technology assessment, 'Machinery noise,
'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
P882-219189 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Mote* In America: The Extent of the Noise Prob-
lem,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Miles Simpson, and Robert Bruce. Sep 81,186p EPA-
550/9-81-101
The number of Americans exposed to various levels of
occupational and environmental noise is estimated.
Estimates are made for 11 categories of noise produc-
ers (e.g., traffic, aircraft, construction) using the Ldri or
Leg(24) metrics. The assumptions in the models used,
including demographic projections, are made explicit
for all estimates. Estimates for combined exposures to
traffic and other community noise sources are also
made, as well as indoor noise exposures from home
equipment like fans and clothes washers. According to
the estimates, 1.5 million people are exposed to out-
door noise levels (from all sources) of over 75 Ldn, and
over 90 million, to levels over 58 Ldn. Over 9 million
people are exposed to occupational noise in excess of
80dB(Leg(24)).
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, Ambient noise, Aircraft
noise, Transportation noise, Acoustic measurement.
Diurnal variations. Statistical data, 'Noise exposure,
•Noise sources, 'Noise levels.
PB82-219205 PC A10/MF A01
Guidelines for Noise Impact Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Apr 82,218p EPA-550/9-82-105
The purpose of the guidelines proposed in this report
is to provide decision-makers, in both the public and
private sectors, with analytic procedures which can be
uniformly used to express and quantify impacts from
noise, so that such impacts can be readily understood
and fully considered within the comparative evalua-
tions which constitute noise environment decisions.
The procedures contained within the guidelines are
applicable to the preparation of environmental noise
assessments, and environmental impact description of
noise environment changes would be useful. The pro-
cedures allow a user to arrive at an objective, and for
most situations, quantitative definition of noise impact
In many situations, the procedures will allow the calcu-
lation of a single number descriptor which expresses
the total noise impact of a proposed project on the
population exposer.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Environmental impacts.
Human behavior, Exposure, Acoustic measurement,
Urban planning, Guidelines, Decision making, Noise
reduction, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-219379 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes -
Fifth Annual Progress Report. Annual rept 1 Oct
79-30 Sep 80,
Los Alamos National Lab., NM. '
R. C. Heaton, L. E. Wangen, P. L. Wanek, J. M.
Williams, and E. F. Thode. May 81,110p LA-8826-PR,
EPA-600/7-81-087
See also PB80-166150. Sponsored in part by Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC. Div. of Environmen-
tal Control Technology.
The report summarizes work during the 5th year of a
trace element characterization of coal wastes. Basical-
ly, research was continued on environmental control
technologies relating to coal preparation wastes; as-
sessment efforts were extended to include high-sulfur
Appalachian coal cleaning wastes.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation plants, 'Trace elements,
'Solid waste disposal, Calcium oxides, Limestone,
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Leaching,
Assessments, Slurry coating, pH, Comparison, 'Coal
refuse.
PB82-219452 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Gross Regional Product In the Ohio River Basin
Energy Study Region, 1960-1975,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
Walter P. Page, and John Gowdy. Apr 79,85p EPA-
600/7-81-046
Sponsored in part by Ohio River Basin Energy Study,
Urbana, IL.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary re-
search program supported by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Sharing techniques are used to de-
termine the gross product of the six ORBES states and
ORBES-region state shares. The region consists of all
of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, substantial parts of
Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and southwestern Pennsyl-
vania. The following information is reported: (1) Base-
line data (1975) on the economic characteristics of the
ORBES region relative to the six states and the United
States. (2) Estimations of historical gross product
growth rates for the ORBES region, the six-state area
and the United States, 1960-75. Sectoral growth rates
also are calculated for the same areas and time inter-
val. (3) Those sectors in the region experiencing high
growth rates compared to the six-state area and the
United States, 1960-75.
Keywords: 'Ohio River Basin, Regions, Employment,
Income, Production, Economic development, Ken-
tucky, West Virginia, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Indiana,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, 'Gross Regional Product, Indus-
trial development
PB82-220310 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program.
man, Inc., C
1981,620p-in8v
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Set includes PB82-220328, PB82-220336, PB82-
220344, PB82-220351, PB82-220369, PB82-220377,
PB82-220385, and PB82-220393.
No abstract available.
PB82-220328 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 1. Program Sum-
mary: Truck Noise Reduction. Rnal rept.
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, and James A. Kane. Dec 81,61 p
BBN-4839, EPA-550/9-82-331A
Contract EPA-68-01-4998
See also PB82-220336.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report presents a comprehensive overview of an
EPA-sponsored program to demonstrate the technolo-
gy and costs of reducing the noise of four heavy-duty
dieset trucks to 72 dBA. The program comprised engi-
neering development and service evaluation phases.
Noise control treatments were developed and installed
on each truck to reduce its noise to the target level.
The treatments included partial engine and transmis-
sion enclosures, exhaust silencing systems, and two-
stage engine mounts for 2 of the 4 trucks. Three trucks
entered fleet service where they accumulated 230,000
miles. The treatments proved to be durable and effec-
tive and did not have an adverse impact on the oper-
ation of any vehicle. Maintenance labor time increased
by 1.4% because of the need to remove enclosure
panels while performing some maintenance proce-
dures.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise. Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Cost analysis, Maintenance, Field
tests, Fuel consumption, Ford vehicles, Ford CLT
9000 vehicles. General Motors vehicles. General
Motors Brigadier vehicles, International Harvester ve-
hicles, International Harvester F-4370 vehicles, Mack
vehicles, Mack R686 vehicles, Noise levels.
PB82-220336 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 2. Noise Reduction
Technology and Costs for a Ford CLT 9000
Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck. Final rept,
Boll Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, John W. Ernest, and James A. Kane.
Oct 81,66p BBN-4379, EPA-550/9-82-331B
Contract EPA-68-01-4998
See also PB82-220328, and PB82-220344.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report discusses the technology and costs re-
quired to reduce the noise of a Ford CLT 9000 heavy-
duty diesel truck from 77.1 to 72.3 dBA. The noise con-
trol treatment consists primarily of a dual exhaust si-
lencing system and a partial enclosure for the engine
and transmission. Wind tunnel tests on the completed
truck show that temperatures of engine coolant and oil
remain within manufacturer's specified limits. The
noise treatment increases the vehicle weight by 397 Ib
and estimated vehicle price by $1309.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Ford
vehicles, Ford CLT 9000 vehicles, Noise levels.
PB82-220344 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 3. Noise Reduction
Technology and Costs for a General Motors Brig-
adier Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck. Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, James A. Kane, and Paul J.
Remington. Oct81,72p BBN-4507, EPA-550/9-82-
331C
Contract EPA-68-01-4998
See also PB82-220336, and PB82-220351.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report discusses the technology and costs re-
quired to reduce the noise of a General Motors Briga-
dier heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.7 to 71.6 dBA. The
noise control treatment consists primarily of a dual ex-
haust silencing system and a partial enclosure for the
engine and transmission. The noise treatment in-
remain within manufacturer's specified limits.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Gener-
al Motors vehicles, General Motors Brigadier vehicles,
Noise levels.
PB82-220351 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement arid Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 4. Noise Reduction
Technology and Costs for an International Har-
vester F-4370 Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck. Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1296 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Erich K. Bender, Robert L Bronsdon, James A. Kane,
and Paul J. Remington. Oct 81,94p BBN-4667, EPA-
550/9-82-331D
Contract EPA-68-01 -4998
See also PB82-220344, and P882-220369.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report discusses the technology and costs re-
quired to reduce the noise of an International Harvest-
er F-4370 heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.1 to 72.2
dBA. The noise control treatment consists primarily of
a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclo-
sure for the engine and transmission. The noise treat-
ment increases the vehicle weight by 332 Ib and esti-
mated vehicle price by $1302. Wind tunnel tests on the
completed truck show that temperatures of engine
coolant and oil remain within generally acceptable
limits.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Cost analysis, Maintenance, Interna-
tional Han/ester vehicles, International Harvester F-
4370 vehicles, Noise levels. /'
PB82-220369 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 5. Noise Reduction
Technology and Costs for a Mack R686 Heavy-
Duty Diesel Truck. Final rept.,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, James A. Kane, and Paul J.
Remington. Dec 81,120p BBN-4795, EPA-550/9-82-
331E
Contract EPA-68-01-4998
See also PB82-220351, and PB82-220377.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report discusses the technology and costs re-
quired to reduce the noise of a Mack R686 heavy-duty
diesel truck from 81.6 dBA to 73.2 dBA. The noise con-
trol treatments consist primarily of a partial enclosure
for the engine and transmission, an exhaust silencing
system, and two-stage engine mounts. These treat-
ments increase the vehicle weight by 398 Ib and esti-
mated vehicle price by $1296.
Keywords'. 'Trucks, "Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Mack
vehicles, Mack R686 vehicles, Noise levels.
PB82-220377 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 6. Field Test of a
Quieted Ford CUT 9000 Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck.
Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, and James A. Kane. Oct 81,77p
BBN-4700, EPA-550/9-82-331F
Contract EPA-68-01 -4998
See also PB82-220369, and PB82-220385.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report describes the field test and operational per-
formance evaluation of a quieted Ford CLT 9000
heavy-duty diesel truck. The noise of the truck had
been reduced from 77.1 dBA to 72.3 dBA. The field
test showed the noise control treatments to be effec-
tive and durable in over 100,000 miles of service. The
treatments had no adverse impact on the vehicle's op-
eration and appear to have had negligible effect on
fuel consumption. Incremental maintenance time of
2.5 hours was attributable to the treatments' impact on
normal annual vehicle maintenance.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Fuel consumption,
Reid tests. Ford vehicles, Ford CLT vehicles, Noise
levels.
PB82-220385 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 7. Field Test of a
Quieted General Motors Brigadier Heavy-Duty
Diesel Truck. Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, and James A. Kane. Dec 81,78p
BBN-4796, EPA-550/9-82-331G
Contract EPA-68-01-4998
See also PB82-220377, and PB82-220393.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report describes the field test and operational per-
formance evaluation of a quieted General Motors Brig-
adier heavy-duty diesel truck. The noise of the truck
had been reduced from 81.7 dBA to 71.6 dBA. The 12-
month field test showed the noise control treatments
to be effective and durable, although the noise level of
the truck did increase slightly. The treatments did not
have an adverse impact on vehicle operation and
there was no evidence of payload displacement The
vehicle's fuel economy was better than that of compar-
ison vehicles, but this was not caused by the noise
treatments. Incremental maintenance time of 2.25
hours was attributable to treatment removal and inter-
ference while performing regular maintenance during
the 12-month period.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Fuel consumption,
Reid tests, General Motors vehicles, General Motors
Brigadier vehicles.
PB82-220393 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration Truck Program 8. Field Test of a
Quieted International Harvester F-4370 Heavy-
Duty Diesel Truck. Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Erich K. Bender, and James A. Kane. Dec 81, 52p
BBN-4797, EPA-550/9-82-331H
Contract EPA-68-01 -4998
See also PB82-220385.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB82-
220310.
This report describes the field test and operational per-
formance evaluation of a quieted International Har-
vester F-4370 heavy-duty diesel truck. The noise of
the truck has been reduced from 81.1 dBA to 72.7
dBA. The truck accumulated 36,000 miles in 5 months
of service. The treatments were effective and durable,
and the noise level of the truck did not increase. The
treatments did not have an adverse impact on vehicle
operations and there was no evidence that the weight
of the treatments displaced payload. The treatments
did not have a measurable effect on fuel consumption.
The treatments had a minimal impact on maintenance
time.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Engine noise, Engine mufflers,
Exhaust systems, Maintenance, Field tests, Fuel con-
sumption. International Harvester vehicles, Interna-
tional Harvester F-4370 vehicles, Noise levels.
PB82-220716 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Quiet Communities Program Demonstration. Final
rept
Center for Public Management Potomac, MD.
Mar 82,38p EPA-550/9-82-411
Contract EPA-68-1-6171
The report is a partial assessment of the results of a
Federally sponsored program conducted in three cities
to demonstrate the best available techniques for de-
veloping local noise control. It includes an overall sum-
mary and focuses on the correlation between artrtudi-
nal and acoustical surveys, between actual noise
levels and public perception.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Attitudes, Public opinion,
Surveys, Local government, Acoustics, Communities,
National government Financing, Computer program-
ming.
PB82-220740 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Drilling Fluid Effects to Developmental Stages of
the American Lobster,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
Judith M. Capuzzo, and Jennifer G. Smith Derby. Apr
82,64p EPA-600/4-82-039
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate
the impact of drilling operations for oil exploration on
populations of the American lobster (Homarus ameri-
canus). The effects of used, whole drilling fluids on the
larval stages of the lobster were assessed in continu-
ous flow bioassay experiments.
Keywords: 'Lobsters, 'Drilling fluids, Crustacea, Shell-
fish, Lethal dosage, Water pollution, Bioassay,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Homarus americanus, *Oil pollu-
tion.
PB82-220765 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
Numerical and Graphical Procedures for Estima-
tion of Community Photosynthesis and Respira-
tion In Experimental Streams. Project rept.,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. St. Anthony Falls Hy-
draulic Lab.
John S. Gulliver, Tedd W. Mattke, Heinz G. Stefan, and
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson. May 82,138p EPA-600/3-
82-052
Grant EPA-R-805678
A numerical dissolved oxygen (D.O.) routing model
DORM is developed to determine total stream commu-
nity photosynthesis (P) and community respiration
rates (R) through successive routing of two-station die!
D.O. measurements in a stream. The model differs
from existing procedures for diel curve productivity
analysis in that it uses the complete D.O. transport
equation, including D.O. surface exchange, longitudi-
nal dispersion, dependence of respiratory rates on
water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The model is
applied to the experimental field channels at the
USEPA Monticello Ecological Research Station to
compute P and R values at different seasons and
under different conditions of water temperatures, solar
radiation, and pH.
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Photosynthesis, 'Fresh water
biology, 'Respiration, 'Stream pollution, Dissolved
gases, Hysteresis, Mathematical models, Primary bio-
logical productivity, Diurnal variations,
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations,
Photographs, Minnesota.
PB82-220831 PC AOS/MF A01
The Genetic Bioassay Branch Protocol for Bacte-
rial Mutagenesls Including Safety and Quality As-
surance Procedures,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Larry D. Claxton, Michael Kohan, Ann C. Austin, and
Carol Evans. Feb 82,159p EPA-600/2-82-008
Researchers often choose microbial tests for use in
genetic toxicology studies because they are rapid and
inexpensive, and because they supply dose-respon-
sive data. This user's manual documents the test
methods used extensively by the Health Effects Re-
search Laboratory (HERL), Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina over the past four years. The first part
of the report describes the basic protocol (the plate in-
corporation test), special precautions, and specific
modifications of the assay routinely used in HERL
studies. The second part presents HERL's stepwise
protocol for the plate incorporation test and protocols
for several other biological assays, including the spot
test the forward mutation assay procedure, and the
fluctuation test The last portion of the report provides
the necessary information for experiment planning and
provides sample information forms and computeriza-
tion procedures necessary for reporting experimental
results.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Bacteria, Tests, Bioassay,
Safety, Procedures, Genetics, Microorganisms, 'Muta-
genesis, Protocols, Quality assurance.
PB82-220849 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1297
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tests of tha Shell SOCK Skimmer Aboard USNS
POWHATAN. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
H. W. Lichte, M. Borst, and G. F. Smith. Sep 81,92p
EPA-600/2-81-216
Contract EPA-68-03-2642
Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy,
Washington, DC., Coast Guard, Washington, DC., and
Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
The Spilled Oil Containment Kit (SOCK), developed by
Shell Development Company, was tested in a con-
trolled crude oil dumping off the New Jersey Coast in
early 1980. The skimmer had been designed as a
physical attachment to an oil industry work boat in a
vessetof-opportunity deployment mode. The United
States Naval Ship (USNS) Powhatan T-ATF fleet tug
was chosen as a similar vessel and one that had an oil
spill recovery operation mode. The test program is de-
scribed, including the oil/water distribution and collec-
tion system, deployment and retrieval of the SOCK,
the onboard fluid measurement, data analysis, logis-
tics, weather and environment measurements, and the
Powhatan/SOCK interface. The light crude oil and
ocean water collected were stored aboard the vessel
and decanted; the emulsified oil was later sold as
waste oil. Eight experimental crude oil dumps are de-
scribed and analyzed. The sea conditions varied from
calm to 1.8-m significant wave heights. During the 6
days at sea, SOcu m of oil were clumped, and the skim-
mer collected 32 m of oil. The program is analyzed for
future improvements to open ocean testing plans in-
corporating oil skimmers with and without vessels of
opportunity.
Keywords: 'Skimmers, Oceans, Water pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Materials recovery, Emulsifica-
fon. Forecasting, 'Spilled oil containment kit 'Oil pol-
lution containment Oil spills.
PB82-220856 PC A03/MF A01
Addwdun/Supptamental Information for Valley
CBSTEHISC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec80,48p
See also PB-275 700, and PB-274054.Por6ons of this
document are not fully legible.
The computer code modifications addressed herein
are the complete set of changes made to date in the
Valley Model code as it appears in the Valley Model
User's Guide, EPA-4/2-77-018, September 1977. All
modffications have been incorporated in the Valley
code as part of the UNAMAP-4 available from the Na-
tional Technical Information Service.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Computer programs, For-
tran, Concentratbn(Composition). Plumes, Revisions,
Computer programming, 'Gaussian plume models,
VALLEY computer program, UNIVAC-1110 comput-
ers.
PB82-221094 PC A23/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.^^
Urban RataM flunorf-Quatty Data Base. Rept for
Nov78-Sep80,
Florida Univ., GainesviUe. Dept of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Wayne C. Huber, James P. Heaney, Demetrios A.
AggicSs, Robert E. Dickinson, and Robert W. Wallace.
Oct 81, 532p EPA-600/2-81 -238
Contract EPA-68-03-2663
See also PB-270 065.
This addendum provides catchment information for
the following new locations: Burlington, ON; Chicago,
IU Denver, CO; Dade County, FU Toronto, ON. Addi-
tional information and data are also provided for three
catchments in Broward County, R already described in
the earlier report Also given are summary statistical
tables (e.g., quality concentrations and loads) for the
new locations feted above and all old ones. Event
quantity summaries (e.g., rainfall and runoff depths
and durations) are provided for all catchments as well.
Both the raw data and the statistical summaries are
contained on a magnetic tape available from the report
authors.
Keywords: 'Runoff. 'Catch basins, 'Rainfall, 'Urban
areas, 'Water pollution. Depth, Statistical analysis,
PreapttatiorKMeteorology), Mathematical models, In-
formation retrieval, Combined sewers, Overflows, Hy-
drology, Quality, Sampling, 'Storm water runoff.
PB82-221201 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Level 1 Bloassay Sensitivity. Final rept. Mar 78-Mar
81,
Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
D. J. Brusick, and R. R. Young. Aug 81,59p EPA-600/
7-81-135
Contract EPA-58-02-2681
The report, based on a survey of published literature,
establishes a set of sensitivity estimates for the Level
1 environmental assessment (EA) bioassays recom-
mended by EPA's IERL-RTP. The estimates permit
comparison of bioassay sensitivity for detecting toxici-
ty or mutagenicity of pure chemicals and also estima-
tion of the concentrations of toxic materials that could
be in a mixture that registers negative in a particular
test Three tests-Ames Salmonefla/microsome muta-
genesis assay, in vitro rodent cell (CHO) clonal toxicity
assay, and in vivo rodent toxicity assay-have substan-
tial published data bases using study designs similar to
those used in Level 1 EA tests. The report summarizes
the sensitivity limits for detecting toxicity or mutagenic-
ity for a variety of pure compounds with these three
tests. Methods developed to assess these data will be
applicable to other Level 1 tests such as the rabbit al-
veolar macrophage (RAM) assay and the aquatic and
other ecological assays. However, these evaluations
await the development of a sufficient data base with a
wide variety of pure compounds. Two of the reviewed
bioassays (Ames and CHO) were found to approach
the sensitivity required of the Level 1 chemical analyti-
cal procedures.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Bioassay, In vitro
analysis, In vfvo analysis, Assessments, Mutagens,
Samples, Toxicity, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Industrial hygiene?
'Toxic substances.
PB82-221235 PC A02/MF A01
Application of EPA Method 610 to the Analysis of
Polynuctear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Leachate
Samples. Project rept Dec-Jun 81,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
May 82,20p EPA-600/4-82-041
This report summarizes the results of a spiking study
performed on a sanitary landfill leachate matrix. Fif-
teen pplynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) were
dosed into the landfill leachate and analyzed using
EPA Method 610. The results show that the PNAs con-
taining two, three, or four fused rings gave recoveries
greater than 50%. Those PNAs containing five or six
fused rings gave recoveries less than 50%. All PNAs
were spiked at the low micrograms/L to the mid ng/L
range. The leachate matrix was also analyzed by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) to iden-
tify the compounds present in this complex matrix.
Forty-three compounds were given a tentative or con-
finned identification after packed column and capillary
column GC/MS analysis. There were an additional 65
compounds present in the leachate extract that could
not be identified. Further research needs to be per-
formed to improve the accuracy for the analysis of high
molecular weight PNAs in leachate samples.
Keywords: 'Aromatic potycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Earth
fills, 'Chemical analysis, 'Solid waste disposal, Leach-
ing, Sampling, Gas chromatography, Mass spectros-
copy, *EPA method 610.
PB82-221474 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticelto Ecological Research Station.
Factors Influencing Growth and Survival of White
Sucker, Catostomus commersoni,
Minnesota Univ., St Paul. Dept of Entomology, Fish-
eries, and Wildlife.
Walter M. Koenst and Lloyd L Smith Jr. May 82,46p
EPA-600/3-82-051
Grant EPA-R-804501
Growth responses of the white sucker, Catostomus
commersoni, were examined in relation to the influ-
ence of temperature, body size, season, daytength,
light intensity, food ration level and food quality.
Sucker growth was maximum at a temperature range
of 19-26C, depending upon experimental conditions.
Fish reared under low light intensities grew an average
43% faster than those reared under unshaded condi-
tions. Growth on various diets was best on live tubifitid
worms presented over sand substrate.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Growth, Survival,
Temperature, Feeding stuffs, Aquaculture, Diets,
Worms, Substrates, 'Catostomus commersoni.
PB82-221565 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
An Inventory of Used and By-Product Hydrocar-
bon Streams. Final rept,
ETA Engineering, Inc., Westmont, IL
John J. Yates, Rajan K. Chaudhry, and James A.
Dewey. May 82,121 p EPA-600/7-82-031
Contract EPA-68-03-2728
This study identifies and characterizes major used and
by-product gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon streams
and estimates their recovery potential. The magnitude
of these streams is established by applying emission
factors to a relevant base variable, such as the quanti-
ty of new material used or produced. The recovery po-
tential is examined by proposing the application of rea-
sonably available control and recycling technology to
each source category. In addition to reviewing recla-
mation techniques for used hydrocarbon streams,
present disposal methods are reviewed. Some energy
and economic implications of alternative recycling and
disposal methods are discussed. The study concludes
by recommending areas for further research, areas
where there appears to be significant potential for re-
covery from used hydrocarbon streams.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Ma-
terials recovery, 'Inventories, Recirculation, Reclama-
tion, Forecasting, Solvents, Lubricating oils, Petroleum
products, Industrial wastes, Combustion products. Ex-
haust emissions, 'Waste recycling, 'Liquid wastes,
'Volatile organic compounds, Emission factors.
PB82-221S99 PC A04/MF A01
In Vlro Reproductive and Mutagenidty Tests,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mildred S. Christian, and Peter E. Voytek. Jun 82,51 p
EPA-600/D-82-218
Prepared in cooperation with Argus Research Labs.,
Inc., Horsham, PA.
A review of current in vivo testing systems and proce-
dures used for assessing reproductive and heritable
genetic hazards of chemicals is presented. A compari-
son is made between the similarities and differences in
protocols for reproductive effects among the different
regulatory agencies in the United States and countries
belonging to the Organization for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development Uses of in vivo mammalian mu-
tagenicity data for assessing potential human heritable
genetic diseases risk are also discussed and examples
of how various in vivo mutagenicity test systems can
be used to estimate risk are presented along with ex-
planations of the various assumptions employed.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicology, 'Ge-
netics, Mutagens, In vivo analysis, Hazards, Compari-
son, Risk, Hereditary diseases, Genes, Chromosomes,
Humans, Laboratory animals, Assessments, Regula-
tions, 'Mutagenesis, Protocols, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-221763 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of Emission Control Requirements on Ftu-
fdized-Bed Boilers for Industrial Applications: Pre-
liminary Technical/Economic Assessment. Final
rept Jan-Sep 79,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
M. M. Ahmed, D. L Keaims, and R. A. Newby. Sep 81,
191p EPA-600/7-81-149
Contract EPA-68-02-3110
The report gives results of an assessment of coal-fired
industrial fluidized-bed boilers (FBBs) to estimate the
impact on boiler cost and performance, of alternative
control levels for SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions.
Base industrial FBB conceptual designs are present-
ed, and the cost boiler plant energy efficiency, and en-
vironmental performance are estimated as a function
1298 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of boiler size, coal characteristics, sorbent properties,
and boiler design and operating conditions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, *Fluidized
bed processors, Boilers, Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, Assessments, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides. Performance evaluation, Particles, Design cri-
teria, Cost analysis, Energy conservation.
PB82-221771 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
An Investigation of Foreign By-Product Coke
Plant and Blast Furnace Wastewater Control
Technology and Regulation. Final rept. Sep 78-Sep
80,
Hydrotechnic Corp., New York.
Harold Hofstein, and Harold J. Kohlmann. Oct 81,
224p EPA-600/2-81 -245
Contract EPA-68-02-3123
The report gives results of a study to determine if more
effective wastewater control technologies for by-prod-
uct coke plant and blast furnace gas-cleaning
wastewaters are used in foreign plants than in the U.S.
Discussions were held with plant and corporate per-
sonnel at 26 plants in 14 countries and with regulatory
agencies in 10 of the 14 countries to determine the
regulations imposed on the plants, the incentives pro-
vided to reduce pollution loads to receiving waters,
and the treatment technologies used. Research
project recommendations are presented for promising
wastewater treatment techniques.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Blast furnaces,
'Coking, Aeration, Industrial waste treatment, Filtra-
tion, Technology, Regulations.
P882-221854 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Legal Issues Related to Creation, Banking and
Use of Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs). Part I:
The Taking' Issue - Is Compensation Required if
a State or Local Government Confiscates or Re-
duces the Quantity of Banked ERCs. Final rept,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Ivan J. Tether. May 82,23p EPA-230-04-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -5845
See also PB81 -214249 and PB81 -235046.
Emissions Trading, under the Clean Air Act includes
bubbles, netting, emission offsets, emission reduction
banking, and is the subject of an EPA proposed Policy
Statement (47 Fed. Reg. 15076, Apr. 7, 1982). These
alternatives involve the creation of surplus reductions
at certain stacks or vents and use of these reductions
to meet requirements applicable to other emission
sources. Emissions trades can provide more flexibility,
and may therefore be used to reduce control costs, en-
courage faster compliance and free scarce capital for
industrial revitalization. Where private parties have
banked surplus emission reductions for future use or
sale, states may determine that a portion of these re-
ductions is required for dean air purposes. This paper
provides legal analysis of the Constitutional issue of
whether by taking' all or part of a person's banked
emission reduction credits a state becomes liable to
compensate that person. The paper concludes that
the state would not be liable in this circumstance, par-
ticularly if the state had set out in advance, in its bank-
ing rule, the circumstances that could give rise to such
a taking and the way it would be done.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, Industrial
plants, Abatement, Cost engineering, Industrial
wastes, State government 'Emission reduction cred-
its.
PB82-222308 PC A99/MF E02
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Proceedings of the Water Reuse Symposium II
Held at Washington, DC. on August 23-28, 1981.
Volumes.
American Water Works Association Research Foun-
dation, Denver, CO.
1981,936p NSF/CEE-81100
Grant NSF-ISP81 -08152
See also PB82-222316 through PB82-222811 and
PB82-223637. Sponsored in part by Office of Water
Research and Technology, Washington, DC, Depart-
ment of the Army, Washington, DC. and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Symposium was devoted to the renovation and
reuse of wastewaters from municipal, industrial, and
agricultural sources. The proceedings are divided into
eleven chapters addressing key concerns that must be
satisfied prior to successful implementation of water
reuse. Economics, regulatory and legal constraints,
health effects, water quality needs, planning, and engi-
neering, among other factors, are covered for
wastewater sources and water users. Volume 3 fo-
cuses on health and quality considerations, legal
issues, reuse in the energy industry, monitoring and
modeling, and planning and marketing for reuse.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Municipalities, 'In-
dustries, 'Agriculture, 'Meetings, Economic factors,
Public health, Quality, Legislation, Energy, Monitoring,
Mathematical models, Project planning. Marketing,
Law(Jurisprudence), Constraints, Water conservation,
Energy development.
PB82-222894 PC A19/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Socioeconomic Impacts of Water Quality Strate-
gies. Final rept..
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Robert F. McMahon. Mar 82,436p* EPA-600/5-82-
001
Contract EPA-68-03-2618
This publication provides in one place comprehensive
guidance on socioeconomic assessment for planners
and engineers involved in areawide water quality or fa-
cilities planning. It provides a set of methods and tech-
niques for considering socioeconomic impacts in the
water quality planning process. Part 1 presents a pro-
totypical socioeconomic impact assessment process
and guidelines for integrating it into the overall water
qualify planning process. Four assessment activities
are discussed in the context of water quality manage-
ment planning. Part 2 considers techniques for esti-
mating the impacts of water quality controls for the
above impact categories.
Keywords: 'Social effect, 'Economic impact, 'Water
quality management, Manuals, Employment, Benefit
cost analysis, Land use, Population growth, Services,
Public health, Archaeology, History, Assessments,
Waste water reuse, Evaluation, Storm water runoff,
Nonpoint sources.
PB82-222902 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Nitrate from Contaminated Water
Supplies for Public Use. Rnal rept,
Boyle Engineering Corp., Bakersfield, CA.
Gerald A. Guter. Mar 82,221 p EPA-600/2-82-042
Grant EPA-R-805900
See also PB81-163206. Prepared in cooperation with
McFariand Mutual Water Co., CA.
Three treatment processes were evaluated for remov-
ing nitrate from public water supplies: Reverse osmo-
sis (RO), ion exchange, and a combination of the two.
Both laboratory and field equipment were used to es-
tablish design criteria and operating experience useful
for designing full-scale plants of approximately 3,800
cu m/day (1-mgd) capacity. The study is concerned
with both engineering and scientific aspects.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Inorganic nitrates, Po-
table water, Ion exchanging. Design criteria, Adsorp-
tion, Cost analysis, Operating costs, Brines, Reverse
osmosis.
PB82-222910 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Coal Cleaning
Processes. Final rept. Jul 76-Sep 79,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. W. Lemmon, Jr., G. L Robinson, S. E. Rogers, and
P. Van Voris. Apr 82,116p EPA-600/7-82-024
Contract EPA-68-02-2163
See also PB-300 670.
The report summarizes a 3-year evaluation of coal
cleaning processes. It discusses: physical coal clean-
ing (PCC) technology; the potential role of PCC in pro-
ducing coals for compliance with SO2 emission regula-
tions; pollution controls for PCC plants; assessment
criteria and test methods for environmental testing at
PCC plants; and baseline environmental tests at the
Homer City coal preparation plant.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Environmental surveys,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Solid
waste disposal.
PB82-222936 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Gasification/Gas Cleanup Test Facility:
Volume II. Environmental Assessment of Oper-
ation with Devolatillzed Bituminous Coal and
Chilled Methanol. Final rept. Sep 80-Apr 81,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau, S.
Ganesan, and R. M. Kelly. Apr 82,190p EPA-600/7-
82-023
See also Volume 1, PB80-188378.
The report gives results of initial runs of a pilot-scale
coal gasification and gas cleaning plant at North Caro-
lina State University. In these runs, a devolatilized
Western Kentucky No. 11 bituminous coal was gasified
with steam and oxygen, and chilled methanol was
used as the acid-gas removal solvent. Material bal-
ances were obtained for major elements and trace ele-
ments judged to be both volatile and environmentally
hazardous. Emissions of sulfur gases in the various
plant effluent streams were also measured.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Air pollution control,
'Fluidized bed processors, 'Gas scrubbing, 'Methyl
alcohol, 'Bituminous coal, Absorption, Sulfur inorganic
compounds, Trace elements, Mathematical models,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Absofbers(Materials), Pilot plants, Sampling, Assess-
ments.
PB82-223082 PC A99/MF A01
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Proceedings of the Water Reuse Symposium II
Held at Washington, DC. on August 23-28, 1981.
Volume 1.
American Water Works Association Research Foun-
dation, Denver, CO.
1981,819p NSF/CEE-81098
Grant NSF-ISP81-08152
See also PB82-223090 through PB82-223629 and
PB82-223637. Sponsored in part by Office of Water
Research and Technology, Washington, DC., Depart-
ment of the Army, Washington, DC. and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The symposium was devoted to the renovation and
reuse of wastewaters from municipal, industrial, and
agricultural sources. The proceedings are divided into
eleven chapters addressing key concerns that must be
satisfied prior to successful implementation of water
reuse. Economics, regulatory and legaj constraints,
health effects, water quality needs, planning, and engi-
neering, among other factors, are covered for
wastewater sources and water users. The proceedings
demonstrate that significant global interest exists in
wastewater reuse, that recycling concepts are being
applied to a broad range of functions, that application
of water reuse may be highly situation-dependent, and
that reuse applications are important solutions for the
conservation of water. Volume 1 focuses on: (1) needs
and funding alternatives for water reuse in the future;
(2) municipal wastewater reclimation and reuse and
water supply augmentation; (3) water reuse around the
world; and (4) industiral recycling and reuse.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Municipalities, 'In-
dustries, 'Agriculture, 'Meetings, Economic factors,
Regulations, Constraints, Legislation, Public health,
Water pollution, Civil engineering, Water conservation,
Financing, Water reclamation, Water supply, Global,
Recycling.
PB82-223637 PC A99/MF E02
Office of Water Research and Technology, Washing-
ton, DC.
Proceedings of the Water Reuse Symposium II
Held at Washington, DC. on August 23-28, 1981.
Volume 2.
American Water Works Association Research Foun-
dation, Denver, CO.
December1983 1299
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1681,894p NSF/CEE-81099
Grant NSF-ISP81-OB152
See also PB82-223645 through PB82-223793, PB82-
221912 through PB82-222290, PB82-223082 and
PB82-222308. Sponsored in part by Office of Water
Research and Technology, Washington, DC., Depart-
ment of the Army, Washington, DC. and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The symposium was devoted to the renovation and
reuse of wastewaters from municipal, industrial, and
agricultural sources. The proceedings are divided into
eleven chapters addressing key concerns that must be
satisfied prior to successful implementation of water
reuse. Economics, regulatory and legal constraints,
health effects, water quality needs, planning, and engi-
neering, among other factors, are covered for
wastewater sources and water users. Volume 2 fo-
cuses on agricultural reuse, food industry recycling,
and R and D treatment operations.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Municipalities, 'In-
dustries, 'Agriculture, 'Meetings, Water reclamation,
Food industry, Research projects, Water conservation,
Operations, Sewage treatment, Farms, Marketing,
Monitoring, Public health, Water supply, Financing,
Project planning. Potable water. Waste water reuse.
(•892-223801 PC A19/MF A01
Air Quatty Data -1981 Annual Statistics Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards. Annual
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 82,428p EPA-450/4-82-007
Indbdes two sheets of 24X reduction microfiche.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1981. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, State,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aeromentric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, lead, and ozone. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the ozone standard and monitoring for hydro-
carbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards, Particles, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide,
Laad(MetaQ, Hydrocarbons, National government,
State government, 'Air quality data, National ambient
air quafity standards.
PB82-223819 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acute Effects of Stream AddtHcatJon on th« Di-
versity of Itacrolnvertebrate Drift Book chapter,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
J. Michael Pratt, and Ronald J. Hall. Jun 82,22p EPA-
600/D-82-289
A third-order reach of Morris Brook, a small stream in
the Huboard Brook Experimental Forest, was experi-
mentaily acidified for five months to determine what ef-
fects acid precipitation may have on the ecology of a
poorly buffered lotte ecosystem. The initial six days of
stream acidification simulated a tow pH regime that
can occur in a small mountain stream receiving
mettwater from a rapidly thawing snowpack contami-
nated with acidic deposition. The first two to three days
of acid addition constituted a period of acute H-ion
stress (pH 4) that elicited a tenfold increase in the dairy
drift rate of benthic macroinvertebrates. This in-
creased drift leaving the ackfified reach was also more
dtorse overall in terms of major taxa (orders), trophic
functional groups, and behavioral groups but less di-
verse aft the generic level than tte diffi entering. In ad-
drfion, the macrofauna abandoning the acidified area
compared to that entering was particularly more cfi-
verse genericaBy in mayflies and probably midges, cot-
tector-gatherers, and dtngers and swimmers.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, *
bard Brook, pH, Snowmen, Melting, Snow cover,
Hub-
Spe-
cies diversity, Diptera, Animal behavior. Ions, Species
diversity, Acid precipitation, Ecosystems.
PB82-223827 PC A03/MF A01
Sources of Nutrients and the Scale of Eutrophica-
tion Problems In Estuaries. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Norbert A. Jaworski. 1981,30p EPA-600/J-81 -566
Pub. in Estuaries and Nutrients, p83-1101981.
A comprehensive analysis of external sources of nutri-
ents is presented including an impact, comparison of
external loadings, and the resulting scale of eutrophi-
cation. The major emphasis of the analysis is on nitro-
gen and phosphorus. The relative contribution of vari-
ous external sources for five major ecosystems is de-
lineated. Discussion of seasonal and long-term trends
of external sources is presented. The impact of exter-
nal sources on the eutrophication process is evaluat-
ed. A detailed comparison of the five estuaries of the
Chesapeake Bay is presented.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, 'Estuaries,
Sources, Trends, Seasonal variations, Chesapeake
Bay, Reprints, 'Eutrophication.
PB82-223835 PC A02/MF A01
Dally Growth of the Juvenile Fish (Menidla meni-
dla) In the Natural Habitat Compared with Juve-
niles Reared In the Laboratory. Book article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Robert C. Barkman, David A. Bengtson, and Allen D.
Beck. 1981,6p ERLN-147, EPA-600/D-81-110
Pub. in Rapp.P-v Reun Cons. Int Explor. Mer, 178,
P324-3261981.
The Atlantic Silverstde (Menidia menidia) is an abun-
dant annual fish in Rhode Island, USA, waters and is
being cultured in the Narragansett Laboratory of EPA
for use in lexicological btoassays following culture
techniques described by Beck (1977). It is desirable for
laboratory-reared fish used in the bioassays to approx-
imate the field-captured fish as closely as possible.
Comparing growth of lab-reared fish with those in the
field has been difficult. The relatively long spawning
season in Rhode Island results in large variation in size
of field fish at any one time. This study uses the otolith
daily growth ring aging technique developed by Bark-
man to compare growth of M. menidia in lab and field
populations and to examine growth of field fish
hatched at different times.
Keywords: 'Growth, 'Marine fishes, 'Narragansett
Bay, Bioassay. Toxicology, Diurnal variations, Age de-
termination, Rhode Island, Reprints, 'Menidia menidia,
Spawning.
PB82-223843 PC A02/MF A01
CorvalNs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessment of Btotte Integrity Using Fish Com-
munities. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
James R. Karr. Dec 81, 9p EPA-600/J-81 -556
Grants EPA-R-806391, EPA-R-807677
Pub. in Fisheries v6n6p21-27 1981.
Man's activities have had profound, and usually nega-
tive, influences on freshwater fishes from the smallest
streams to the largest rivers. Some negative effects
are due to contaminants, while others are associated
with changes in watershed hydrology, habitat modifi-
cations, and alteration of energy sources upon which
the aquatic biota depends. An assessment system
proposed here uses a series of fish community at-
tributes related to species composition and ecological
structure to evaluate the quality of an aquatic biota.
Keywords: 'Fisheries, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water
pollution. Ecology, Assessments, Environmental im-
pacts, Abundance, Acclimatization, Reprints, Species
diversity.
PB82-2238SO PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Cadmium Body Burdens hi Adult 'Cras-
sostrea vkgMea' on Fecundity and Viability of
Larvae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. E. Zaroogian, and G. Morrison. 1981,7p ERLN-194,
EPA-«00/J-81-119
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v27 p344-3481981.
Adult oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were treated for a
minimum of 33 weeks with ambient (control), 5, and 15
micrograms Cd/kg seawater at ambient salinity and
temperature. After the oysters were induced to spawn,
all possible cross-fertilizations between treatments
were obtained by mixing the appropriate sperm sus-
pension with the selected egg-seawater treatments.
Despite cadmium concentrations as high as 270 mi-
crograms Cd/kg dry weight in the total soft parts, oys-
ters spawned heavily. A minimum of 93% of the em-
bryos resulting from control parents developed into
normal larvae when incubated in ambient seawater. As
much as 29% of the embryos from control parents
failed to develop, or developed into abnormal larvae
upon incubation in 15 micrograms Cd/kg seawater.
Twenty-four percent of the embryos resulting from the
parents treated with seawater containing 15 micro-
grams Cd/kg developed into abnormal larvae when in-
cubated in seawater containing 15 micrograms Cd/kg.
Under the conditions of this study, it appears that sea-
water containing 15 micrograms/kg of cadmium has a
greater impact on embryonic development than on ga-
metogenisis.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Oysters, 'Toxicology, Metals,
Larvae, Concentration(Cornposition),
Reproduction(Biology), Salinity, Temperature, Shell-
fish, Reprints, 'Heavy metals, Crassostrea virginica.
PB82-223868 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of Subtathal Concentrations of Cadmium
on Adult 'Palaemonetes puglo' under Static and
Flow-Through Conditions. Journal article,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
W. B. Vernberg, P. J. DeCoursey, M. Kelly, and D. M.
Johns. Jun 82,12p EPA-600/J-77-185
Grant EPA-R-802871
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 n1 p16-24 1977.
Adult Palaemonetes pugio were studied to compare
effects of sublethal concentrations of cadmium (50
ppb) under static and flow-through conditions. Meas-
urement used to determine the effects of Cd on the
adult shrimp included survival and respiration rates. In
addition, the total body burden of Cd after seven days
exposure was measured.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Shrimp, Shell-
fish, Survival, Respiration, Exposure, Mortality, Salini-
ty, Reprints, 'Palaemonetes pugio, Heavy metals,
Bioaccumulation.
PB82-223876 PC A02/MF A01
Margins of Safety for Aquatic Communities,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount 1981, 7p EPA-600/D-82-310
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment
Fourth Conference, ASTM STP 7371981.
The margin of safety is the difference between the ex-
pected effect concentrations and the expected ambi-
ent concentrations. Two sources of variability, error in
the test data and unknown information, necessitate a
margin of safety. Inclusion of site-specific consider-
ations can substantially reduce needed margins. The
choice of the appropriate confidence level should be
based on the importance of the decision and not on
habit
Keywords: 'Toxicology, *Concentration(Composition),
'Water pollution. Variability, Errors, Safety, Decision
making, Aquatic biology, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-223884 PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Molecular Dtffustvtty In Isolated
Animal Tissues. Journal article,
Corvallts Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, and R. T. Riley. 30 Jul 81, 6p EPA-600/J-
81-557
Pub. in Jnl. of Theoretical Biology 93, p1033-1036
1981.
If molecular transport of a lipophilic toxicant in isolated
tissues is tally a diffusion process, then it should be
possible to describe the process in terms of mathe-
matical equations commonly used to describe the con-
duction of heat in homogenous and isotropic solids.
The present approach compares well with other more
1300 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
direct and empirical methods for estimating diffusivity
and it has the advantage that diffusivity so calculated
is biologically realistic. The ability to evaluate toxicant
uptake by organs of various sizes is theoretically fac-
tored in the method. Likewise, the physiological char-
acteristics as a whole are factored by using the empiri-
cal data directly consistent with the stated theoretical
framework.
Keywords: *Tissues(Biology), 'Diffusivity, 'Toxicology,
Animals, Kinetics, Transport, Diffusion, Body fluids,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Bioaccumula-
tion, Biodeterioration.
PB82-223892 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cadmium-Induced Ethylene Production In Bean
Plants. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Kent D. Rodecap, David T. Tingey, and Janice H.
Tibbs. 25 Sep 81,14p EPA-6007J-81-555
Pub. in Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd 105, S. 65-74 1981.
Studies were conducted to (1) compare stress ethyl-
ene production from roots and shoots (2) determine
the association between stress ethylene production
and tissue Cd levels; and (3) investigate the time
course of stress ethylene production following the rhi-
zosphere application of cadmium chloride solutions.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Ethylene, 'Beans, Metals,
Vegetables, Plants(Botany), Tissues(Biology), Re-
prints, 'Heavy metals, Phaseolus vulgaris, Bioaccumu-
lation.
PB82-223900 PC A02/MF A01
Eco*y*tem Changes In Lakes Erie and Ontario,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Nelson A. Thomas. 1981,22p EPA-600/D-82-286
Pub. in Proceedings of the Conference on Changes in
the Biota of Lakes Erie and Ontario, Bulletin of the Buf-
falo Society of Natural Sciences, v25n4 p1 -20 1981.
All of the Great Lakes are changing; however, the
tower lakes, because of their increased productivity,
are changing at a much faster rate. This condition is re-
flected in the overall nutrient and biomass content of
the individual lakes. The nutrient concentrations of the
tower lakes are 4-8 times higher than those in the
upper lakes. The increase in phosphorus in the lower
lakes has resulted in dramatic increases in phytoplank-
ton biomass, as well as in shifts in the biomass to a
greater percentage of bluegreen algae. Changes have
occurred in the zooplankton communities. Changes in
the biota of a lake can result from three major types of
influences. The first Is change in the physical environ-
ment. The second type of change \a associated with
direct toxiclty. The third type of influence, and, prob-
ably, the most prevalent today, are changes resulting
from altered food supplies.
Keywords: 'Blomass, 'Nutrients, 'Lake Erie, 'Lake
Ontario, Biological productivity, Phosphorus, Algae,
Cyanophyta, Zooplankton, Toxicity. Food supply, Con-
tamination, Fishes, Birds, Metals, Organic compounds,
Public health, Reprints.
PB82-223926 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Five Resource Recovery Success Stories.
SvstechCorp..Xenia.OH.
1981,63p
Contract EPA-68-01-6091
Discusses experiences of five cities in recovering and
using energy from municipal solid wastes.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Combustion, Steam,
District heating, Incinerators, Fuels, Cost analysis,
•Energy source development, 'Municipal wastes, In-
cineration, Waste processing, Refuse derived fuels,
Synthetic fuels, Solid wastes, Chicago(lllinois),
Ames(lowa), NashvilleCTennessee), North Little
Rock(Arkansas), Madison(Wisconsin), Case histories.
PB82-224015 PC A02/MF A01
Toxiclty of Selected Controlled Release and Cor-
responding Unformulated Technical Grade Pesti-
cides to the Fathead Minnow 'Pimephales promo-
tes'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Alfred W. Jarvinen, and Danny K. Tanner. 1982,22p
EPA-600/J-82-204
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 27, p179-
1951982.
Controlled release pesticides (CRP), also called en-
capsulated pesticides, are a relatively recent develop-
ment, although controlled release technology has
been in use by the drug industry for many years. The
objectives of this study were to determine the effect of
selected CRP's on fathead minnows Pimephales pro-
melas when compared with that of the technical grade
pesticide used in their formulation, to determine water
solubility and half-life in Lake Superior water, to per-
form a rough qualitative analysis of degradation prod-
ucts and to develop test methodology for short- and
long-term CRP studies.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Bioassay, Expo-
sure, Fishes, Lethal dosage, Minnows,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Pimephales
promelas.
PB82-224023 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study: Air Quality and
Related Impacts. Volume III. Selected Impacts of
Electric Utility Operations in the Ohio River Basin
(1976-2000): An Application of the Utility Simula-
tion Model)
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
James J. Stukel. Sep 80,353p EPA-600/7-81-067C
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Teknekron Research, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
See also Volume 1, PB82-197518.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary re-
search program supported by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. It presents selected results of a com-
prehensive evaluation of environmental, energy, eco-
nomic and emissions impacts of electric utility oper-
ations in and around the Ohio River Valley through
2000. Impact projections are based on alternative sce-
narios defined by sets of assumptions regarding elec-
tricity demand and government and utility policies,
such as alternative state implementation plan (SIP)
emission limits, SIP compliance or no SIP compliance,
alternative generating unit lifetimes, different rates of
electricity demand growth, and different utility dis-
patching criteria.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electric power plants, Parti-
cles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Electric utilities, Environmental
Impacts, Ohio River Valley, Forecasting, 'Ohio River
Basin Energy Study, 'Energy source development, Air
quality.
PB82-224031 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effect* of Cadmium and Mercury on the Behavior-
al Responses and Development of 'Eurypanopeus
depreestw' Larvae. Journal article (Final),
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
D. 2. Mirkes, W. B. Vemberg, and P. J. DeCoursey. Jun
82,7pCONTRIB-212, EPA-600/J-78-195,, ERLN-
X39A
Contract EPA-R-802871
Pub. in Marine Biology, v47 p143-1471978.
Larval stages of the estuarine mud crab Eurypanopeus
depressus were exposed to either 10 ppb cadmium or
1.8 ppb mercury in a flow-through rearing system. De-
velopment time from the megalopa to juvenile crab
was extended in the cadmium-exposed individuals.
Cadmium elevated the swimming rates of the late
zoeal stages, while mercury depressed swimming
rates of the early stages. Increased mortality of Stage I
zoeae was observed after 24 h exposure to cadmium;
increased mortality was also noted for megalopa and
early crab stages reared in cadmium.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Mercury(Metal), 'Toxicology,
Metals, Behavior, Responses, Development, Larvae,
Crabs, Shellfish, Exposure, Growth, Mortality, Re-
prints, 'Heavy metals, Eurypanopeus depressus,
Zoeae.
PB82-224049 PC A02/MF A01
A Suggested Approach for Developing Estuarine
Water Quality Criteria for Management of Eutro-
phlcation. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Norbert A. Jaworski, and Orterio Villa, Jr. 1981,20p
EPA-600/J-81-567
Pub. in Estuaries and Nutrients, p499-516 1981.
A conceptual approach for developing water quality
criteria for eutrophication management is suggested.
The three basic components of the framework include
source ambient relationships, effects, and impact anal-
yses. The approach focuses on a conceptual method
for developing decision-making criteria as opposed to
the classical water quality criteria of a single value of
limitation. The approach to developing water quality
criteria for eutrophication management provides an
analysis framework of response relationships which
can be readily incorporated into water quality stand-
ard-setting processes that include environmental con-
siderations and technological and economic factors.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Estuaries,
Concepts, Environmental impacts, Decision making,
Economic factors, Technology transfer, Objectives,
Nutrients, Algae, Biomass, Toxins and antitoxins,
Plankton blooms, Chlorophylls, Maintenance, Re-
prints, 'Eutrophication.
PB82-224056 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Microblal Transformation Kinetics of Organic
Compounds.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Doris F. Paris, William C. Steen, and Lawrence A.
Burns. Jun 82,11 p EPA-600/D-82-317
Pub. in Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, v2 ptB
p73-81 1982. Sponsored in part by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
One process determining the fate of xenobiotics (or-
ganics not natural to a system) in environmental
waters is bacterial transformation. Bacteria are one of
the most metabolically active groups of organisms in
the environment. They can degrade and derive energy
from a variety of organic compounds. Increases in the
number of synthetic and their accumulation in the envi-
ronment have led to a more quantitative and critical
view of microbial metabolism of xenobiotics. Rates of
microbial degradation depend upon both the structure
of the compound and on the metabolic activity of the
bacteria in the ecosystem receiving the xenobtotic.
Studies of second-order kinetics are a useful begin-
ning in the detailed quantitative study of rates of Bio-
transformation of xenobiotics. Many questions about
the role of temperatures of biotransformation of xeno-
biotics. Many questions about the role of temperature,
other nutrients, population structure, and compound
structure are still unanswered. Only additional kinetic
studies for many compounds and sites can provide
confidence in the approach and the ultimate answers
to these questions.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Bacteria, 'Reaction
kinetics, 'Environmental surveys, Degradation, Eco-
systems, Microorganisms, Pesticides, 'Xenobiotics.
PB82-224064 PC A02/MF A01
Alpha Methylglucoslde Transport by the Gill of
the Oyster 'Ostrea edulls'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. T. Riley. Dec 81,13p EPA-600/J-81 -558
Pub. in Biological Bulletin 161, p416-425 Dec 81.
The present study defines the mechanism of glucose
transport in the isolated gill of oysters, using the Euro-
pean flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, as a representative
species. The specific objectives were: (1) identify a
non-metabolized transport analog, (2) determine the
effects of known metabolic inhibitors and naphthajene
on transport, and (3) determine the effect of inhibitors
on leakage.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Transport, Shellfish, Metabo-
lism, Carbon dioxide, Glucose, Reprints, 'Glucoside/
methyl, Ostrea edulis, Gills, Biological transport.
December 1983 1301
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-224080 PC A02/MF A01
Biosynthesis of Stress Ethytene In Soybean Seed-
lings: Similarities to Endogenous Ethytene Bio-
synthesis. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett R. M. Raba, and D. T. Tingey. 1981,10p
EPA-600/J-81-559
Pub. in Physiologia Plantarum 53, p307-314 1981.
The similarity of stress ethylene biosynthesis in whole
plants to endogenous,ethylene biosynthesis was in-
vestigated using two inhibitors of ethylene biosynthe-
sis, amino-etioxyvinylglycine (AVG) and cobalt chlo-
ride (Co2+); arid trie intermediates, methionine, S-
adenosylmethionine (SAM), and 1-aminocydopro-
pane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), of basal ethylene bio-
synthesis. The results suggest a common pathway in
whole plants for stress ethylene production and en-
dogenous ethylene biosynthesis.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Plants(Botany), 'Inhibi-
tors, 'Ethylene, Biosynthesis, Toxicity, Reprints,
'Toxic substances.
PB82-224106 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Toxtetty and Btoaccumulation of Mercuric
Chloride hi the Fathead Minnow f Ptmephales pro-
metas1). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Virginia M. Snarski, and Gayte F. Olson. 17 Nov 81,
16pEPA-600/J-82-203
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 2, p143-1561982.
The present study was conducted to determine the
acute and chronic (life cycle) toxicity of inorganic mer-
cury (as mercuric chloride) to the fathead minnow (Pi-
mephates promelas Rafinesque) and to measure the
mercury residues accumulated in the whole body from
the aqueous exposures. As part of this investigation,
the influence of diet on mercury toxicity and residue
accumulation also was studied.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Minnows,
Concentration(Composition), Btoassay, Exposure,
Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, 'Mercury/
chloro, 'Bioaccumulation, Fathead minnows, Pime-
phates promelas, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Mercury chlorides.
PB82-224114 PC A05/MF A01
Correlations Between Age-Adjusted Mortality
Rates for White Mates and Females hi the United
States by County, 1968-1972. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
Lance A. Wallace, and Valarie J. Gill. May 82,78p
EPA-600/4-80-026
Intercorrelations among county mortality rates for
about 50 causes of death were investigated for white
males (WM) and white females (WF) for the 5-year
period between 1968 and 1972. All possible pairwise
correlations (1128 for WM and 1275 for WF) were cal-
culated; those correlations significant at the p<0001
level are listed. The geographic variations of the 20
strongest correlations for each sex are also listed.
Most of the strongest correlations involve diseases
that are closely associated with urban or rural factors.
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Correlations, Counties, vital
statistics. Death. Mates, Females, ~
Tabtes(Data), Cause effect relationships.
PB82-224122 PC A02/MF A01
Ecosystem Monitoring. In the Great Lakes: Re-
•••fcfi NssdSf PubHc Health Impflcattons. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
WaytandH. Swain. May 81,18p EPA-600/J-81-565
Pub. in Focus on Water Quality, International Joint
Commission, v7 n1 p1 -2,8-121981.
This article is an edited version of an address before
the Great Lakes Pollution Monitoring Workshop spon-
sored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration (NOAA) in Ann Arbor, Michigan. February
11-12, 1981. Current and historical efforts in Great
Lakes monitoring are reviewed. The contributions of
the Great Lakes Information and Surveillance Plan
(GUSP) to existing knowledge of the ecosystem are
dtecussed An ecosystem approach to toxic sub-
stances in the Great Lakes is presented and recom-
mendations for implementing the surveillance plan for
consideration of toxic organic substances are made.
Keywords: 'Great Lakes, 'Water pollution, History,
Reviews. Public health, Surveillance, Implementation,
Reprints, 'Ecosystems, Monitoring, 'Environmental
monitoring, Toxic substances.
PB82-224130 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Animal Performance, Carcass Quality, and Tissue
Residues with Beef Steers Fed Forage Sorghum
Silages Grown on Soil Treated with Uquld Digest-
ed Sludge. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
J. E. Bertrand, M. C. Lutrick, G. T. Edds, and R. L
West. 1981, 6p EPA-600/J-81-564
Grant EPA-R-804570-03-01
Pub. in Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida, Pro-
ceedings, v40 p111-1141981.
Processed sewage sludges are a renewable resource
which have potential as a fertilizer material on agricul-
tural land. Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silages,
grown on soil treated with Pensacola liquid digested
sludge (LDS) turned under prior to planting, were fed
as the main ingredient in the diet of beef steers to de-
termine the effects on animal performance, carcass
quality, and concentrations of selected potentially
toxic metals in liver, muscle, and kidney tissues.
Keywords: * Feeding stuffs, 'Beef cattle, 'Sludge dis-
posal, 'Soils, Performance, Meat, Quality, Forage
crops, Grain sorghum plants, Diets, Cadmium, Copper,
Liver, Metals, Fertilizers, Silage, Reprints.
PB82-224148 PC A02/MF A01
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Multimedia Exposure Assessment Model Data
Needs,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Kenneth F. Hedden. Jun 82,12p EPA-600/D-82-316
Pub. in 1961 National Conference on Environmental
Engineering, Proceedings of the ASCE Environmental
Engineering Division Specialty Conference, p150-158
1981. Prepared in part by Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlan-
ta. School of Civil Engineering., Georgia Dept of Natu-
ral Resources, Atlanta., and Georgia Water and Pollu-
tion Control Association.
Multimedia exposure assessment models are being
developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Models are comprised of an atmospheric
transport, degradation, dispersion and deposition
module; a surface runoff module; and a surface water
quality module. The modules are linked to describe the
effect of airborne, land based, and water bourne toxic
organic pollutants on surface water quality. The data
required for the air module include such input param-
eters as the settling velocity, deposition velocity, wash-
out ratio and Henry's Law constant for the specific
chemical being considered as well as the usual mete-
orological data for the particular area being modeled.
The surface runoff module will require data on the vari-
ous physical watershed characteristics, which are re-
lated to topography, soil characteristics, land surface
conditions, land use, etc. Individual storm hydrographs
will also be required. The surface water quality module
will need to simulate equilibrium partitioning of the
toxic organic between dissolved, sediment adsorbed,
or biomass adsorbed phases. Volitilization, hydrolysis,
microbial transformation, photolysis, and oxidation
need to be simulated. Environmental characterization
of the surface water body would be required as well as
the appropriate transformation rate constants and par-
tition coefficients for the chemical being simulated.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Meetings, Math-
ematical models, Transport properties, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Runoff, Public health, Exposure,
'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants.
PB82-224155 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab. Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Chrysolite Asbestos Fibers in Drinking Water
from Asbestos-Cement Pipe. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
Marty S. Kanarek, Paul M. Contort, and Lorene A.
Jackson. Jun 82.5pEPA-600/J-61-563 ,
Grant EPA-R-804366
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
P923-925 Aug 81. Prepared in cooperation with Wis-
consin Univ.-Madison.
Chrysotile asbestos fiber counts were compared in
drinking water samples taken before and after flow
through asbestos-cement pipes in the San Francisco
Bay area. The drinking water supplies in that area are
chemically nonaggressive by the standard measures.
In one major distribution system, mean Chrysotile
counts were 115 times greater in drinking water after
flow through the pipe. This demonstration of substan-
tial increases in asbestos fiber counts in nonaggres-
sive drinking water raises questions as to the validity of
aggressiveness indexes for prediction of fiber release
from asbestos-cement pipes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Asbestos cement prod-
ucts, 'Concrete pipes, Asbestos, Potable water, Ser-
pentine, San Francisco Bay, California, Sampling, Re-
prints.
PB82-224163 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An Approach to the Study of Environmental Mi-
crobial Aerosols. Journal article,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
K. F. Fannin. Jun 82,14p EPA-600/J-81-562
Grant EPA-R-804864
Pub. in Water Science Technology (Toronto), v13
p1103-11141981.
Environmental microbial aerosols are formed by proc-
esses such as wastewater treatment The significance
of these aerosols to human populations is dependent
upon the concentration and type of microorganisms
contained therein and upon the probability of suscepti-
ble population exposure to the infectious organisms.
The purpose of this presentation is to outline factors
that require consideration in an approach to the study
of the microbial aerosols in the ambient environment
Keywords: 'Biological aerosols, 'Air pollution, Aero-
sols, Microbiology, Sampling, Collecting methods,
Concentration(Composition), Collection, Reprints,
'Sewage treatment effluents.
PB82-224171 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Variation in Elemental Content of Lettuce Grown
Under Base-Une Conditions in Five Controlted-
Environment Faculties, Journal article,
American Society for Horticultural Science, Mount
vemon, VA. Growth Chamber Committee.
Wade L Berry, Donald T. Krizek, Douglas P. Ormrod,
James C. McFartane, and Robert W. Langhans. Jun
82,8pEPA-600/J-81-561
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Society for Horticultural
Science, v106 n5p661-666 Sep 81.
An interiaboratory comparison was made of the varia-
tion in elemental concentration of leaf lettuce (Lactuca
sativa) plants grown under base-line conditions for 28
days in 5 controlled-environment facilities. Two studies
were conducted by each of 5 investigators using a
sphagnum peat-vermiculite mix obtained from a
common source. Plant tissue from all studies was col-
lected and analyzed at 1 laboratory for 10 essential
elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo) and 10
non-essential elements (Al, Si, Ti, Sr, Ba, Na, Pb, V, Li,
and Sn) by arc emission spectrography. The 10 essen-
tial elements occurred at concentrations adequate for
normal lettuce growth.
Keywords: 'Growth, 'Nutrients, 'Lettuce,
Concentration(Composition), Plant tissues, Phospho-
rus, Potassium, Calcium, Metals, Emission spectroscc-
py, Comparison, Analysis of variance, Chemical analy-
sis, Laboratories, Water pollution, Reprints.
PB82-224205 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Is-
suance of a New Source National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System Permit to Jacksonville
Electric Authority, St Johns River Power Park.
Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 82,251 p EPA/904/9-82-096
See also PB82-129958.
1302 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jacksonville Electric Authority and Florida Power and
Light Company propose to jointly construct a new
source 1,200 megawatt coal-fired steam electric gen-
erating station known as the St. Johns River Power
Park on a 1,656 acre site in northern Duval County,
Florida Station operation is scheduled to begin in
1985. This document assesses the proposed project
and alternatives with respect to impacts on the natural
and man-made environments. Measures available to
mitigate adverse impacts are evaluated.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Waste disposal, Saint Johns River, Chlorides,
Construction, Operations, Environmental impacts,
Aquatic animals, Noise pollution, Air pollution, Traffic,
Ground water, Water consumption, Land use, Public
health, Economic factors, Florida, 'Saint Johns River
Power Park, Duvall County(Florida).
PB82-224320 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dermatotoxlcity. Selected Issues In Testing for
Dermal Toxlclty, Including Irritation, Sensltizatton,
Phototoxicity, and Systemic Toxlclty. Technical
rept (Final),
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
S. Chaube, K. J. Falahee, C. S. Rose, H. E. Seifried,
and T. J. Taylor. Jan 82,171 p EPA-560/11 -82-002
Contract EPA-68-01-6176
Four categories of Dermatotoxicity testing are exam-
ined: Dermal Irritation Serialization, Systemic Toxicity,
and Phototoxicity. The rabbit is most widely used for ir-
ritation; the guinea pig is also acceptable, as its sensi-
tivity is comparable. Factors affecting dermal irritation
include: the degree of occlusion, use of abrasion, the
application site, and duration of exposure and obser-
vation. This review suggests a tier-like strategy utilizing
pH limits and preliminary screening in the hairless
mouse may be useful in evaluating irritation potential.
Keywords: 'Dermatology, 'Skin diseases, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Sensitizing, Absorption, Mice, Rabbits, Guinea
pigs, Laboratory animals, Lethal dosage, Photosensrti-
vity, Contact dermatitis, Allergic skin diseases, Stand-
ards, Toxic tolerances, Phototoxicity.
PB82-224361 PC A02/MF A01
Sorption of Carbon Tetrachlorlde, Ethylene Dlbro-
mtde and Trichloroethylene on Soil and Clay. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Robert D. Rogers, and James C. McFarlane. Jun 82,
10pEPA-600/J-81-560
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v1
P155-1621981.
The sorption of carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibro-
mkte, and trichloroethylene in two silty clay loam soils
and aluminium AI(+3) or calcium Ca(+2) saturated
montmorillonite clay was studied.
Keywords: 'Soil chemistry, 'Clay, 'Carbon tetrachlo-
ride, 'SorptJon, Halogen organic compounds,
Precjpttation(Meteorology), Air oollution, Water pollu-
tion, Physical properties, Reprints, 'Ethylene/trichloro,
'Ethytene/dibromo.
PB82-224940 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of PCB Destruction Efficiency In an In-
dustrial Boiler. Final rept.,
OCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Joanna Hall, Frank Record, Paul Wolf, Gary Hunt, and
Steven Zelenski. Apr 81,172p EPA-600/2-81-055A
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB81-187270.
The report describes the evaluation program undertak-
en to determine the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
destruction efficiency during a May 1980 verification
co-firing of waste oil containing approximately 500
ppm of PCBs, in accordance with applicable state and
federal regulations, in a high-efficiency industrial boiler
owned and operated by General Motors Corporation at
Bay City, Ml. Also investigated was the environmental
and workplace impact which occurs during the han-
dling and combustion of PCB-contaminated waste oils.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Boilers, Monitoring, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Chlorine organic compounds, Industrial hygiene.
Public health, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Liquid
waste disposal, Oil wastes.
PB82-224957 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Description and Analysis of Inspection/Mainte-
nance Programs for OH Fired Central Heating Sys-
tems In Switzerland and West Germany. Final rept.,
Integrated Energy Systems, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Robert W. Madler, and Werner Martin. Apr 82,49p
EPA-600/7-82-022
The report describes and analyzes inspection/mainte-
nance programs for oil-fired heating systems in Swit-
zerland and West Germany. Inspection programs for
oil-fired residential and commercial heating systems
were introduced in Switzerland and West Germany in
the late 1960s, induced by public complaints about
soot and odors. Today, annual or biannual inspections
are required by law in both countries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Heating, Inspection, Mainte-
nance, Residential buildings, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Switzerland, West Germany,
'Energy conservation.
PB82-224965 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Evaluation of Nonmethane Organic
Carbon Determination In Ambient Air by Cryogen-
ic Reconcentratlon andFlame lonlzatlon Detec-
tion. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, A. Blackard, Frank F. McElroy, and
William A. McClenny. Mar 82,89p EPA-600/4-82-019
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of
a technique for analyzing samples of ambient air for
gaseous non methane organic compounds (NMOC)
using a cryogenic trap to both preconcentrate and sep-
arate NMOC from methane (CH4). The NMOC is sub-
sequently measured by warming the trap to release
the NMOC and channeling the concentrated sample of
NMOC into a modified commercial flame ionization de-
tector.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Feasibility, Concentration(Composition),
Samples, 'Nonmethane organic compounds, 'Air pol-
lution detection, 'Flame ionization detectors.
PB82-224973 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Combustion Modi-
fication Controls for Stationary Internal Combus-
tion Engines. Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
H. I. Lips, J. A. Gotterba, K. J. Urn. L R. Waterland, and
J. S. Bowen. Jul 81,139p EPA-600/7-81-127
Contract EP A-68-02-2160
The report gives results of an environmental assess-
ment of combustion modification techniques for sta-
tionary internal combustion engines, with respect to
NOx control reduction effectiveness, operational
impact, thermal efficiency impact, capital and annua-
lized operating costs, and effects on emissions of pol-
lutants other than NOx.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Internal combustion
engines, Revisions, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monox-
ide, Hydrocarbon, Assessments, Technology,
Sources, Cost analysis, 'Stationary sources.
PB82-224999 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Allocating Chlorofluorocarbon Permits: Who
Gains, Who Loses, and What Is the Cost,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Adele R. Palmer, and Timothy H. Quinn. 31 Jul 81,
132p EPA-560/4-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -6236
Chlorofluorocarbons are suspected of contributing to
the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The U.S. EPA
sought information on a number of different regulatory
options, including the implementation of a marketable
permit system in conjunction with a production cap on
the manufacture of Chlorofluorocarbons at 1980
levels. This report analyzes the implications of various
permit distribution systems. It discusses who gains and
who loses and what transfers of wealth may occur
when permits are allocated or auctioned to manufac-
turers, first-line purchases, and final users and con-
sumers. The report discusses problems that may arise
under the various distribution methods. Each method
has its strengths and weaknesses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Fluorine organic compounds, 'Stratosphere,
'Licenses, Ozone, Manufacturing, Consumers, Eco-
nomics, Mathematical models.
PB82-225038 PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium and Endrln Toxicity to Fish In Waters
Containing Mineral Fibers,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Anthony R. Carlson, James A. Tucker, Vincent R.
Mattson, Gary L. Phipps, and Philip M. Cook. May 82,
36p EPA-600/3-82-053
Taconite tailings and their component asbestiform
minerals in Lake Superior water had no demonstrable
effect on the chronic toxicity of cadmium to the flag-
fish, Jordanella floridae. Maximum acceptable toxicant
concentrations determined in life cycle tests, where ef-
fects on survival, growth, reproduction, and biocon-
centration were used as endpoints, were between 3.3-
7.4, 3.0-6.5, and 3.4-7.3 micrograms cadmium/liter at
0.004,0.08, and 0.95 mg/liter taconite tailings concen-
trations, respectively.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Endrin, 'Tailings, Toxicity,
Fishes, Lake Superior, Minerals,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Taco-
nite, Metals, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Jor-
danella floridae, Pimephales promelas, Solid wastes.
PB82-225061 PC A03/MF A01
Atmospheric Removal Processes for Toxic
Chemicals. Technical memo. rept.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD. Air Resources Labs.
Sep 80,41 p NOAA-81073004, NOAA-TM-ERL-ARL-
102
In order to assess the environmental impact of toxic
chemicals in the United States, the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL) is developing a multimedia model
to estimate the transport, diffusion, and removal of
chemicals in the air-water-soil system. The Atmos-
pheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory (ATDL)
was charged with assisting ORNL in the further refine-
ment of the air transport and diffusion model and pro-
viding guidance on removal processes for toxic chemi-
cals. This report is a review of the findings on removal
processes. An overview is given of the general formu-
las and experiments regarding removal processes.
Sections 3 and 4 contain specific removal methods for
trace organic chemicals. Section 5 contains an appli-
cation of the box model to simply account for all re-
moval mechanisms discussed here. It soon became
evident that there is disagreement among the experts
regarding the quantitative estimation of removal of
common pollutants, and nearly complete ignorance re-
garding specific organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Mathematical
models, 'Air pollution control, Organic compounds,
Transport properties, Diffusion, Environmental im-
pacts, Plants(Botany), Soils, Water, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB62-225087 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Water Resources Management- Nonpolnt Source
Pollution Technical Report. Final rept. Jan-Dec 80,
Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, MN.
Gary L. Oberts. May 82,260p* PUB-10-82-016
Grant EPA-P-005447-01-0
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Reston, VA.
December 1983 1303
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Nonpoint source pollution has been found to be a
widespread and serious problem in the Metropolitan
Twin Cities Area, Minnesota. The runoff monitoring
program consisted of precipitation, runoff, and water
quality data collection at 17 sites. Subsequent statisti-
cal modeling allowed for projection of this data in time
and space over the entire Region. A concurrent lakes
sampling program was conducted on 60 lakes in the
Region to assess the nature of runoff impact on lakes.
Snowmelt was found to be a very significant contribu-
tor to annual pollutant loading.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Urban areas, Monitoring, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Statistical analysis, Lakes, Environmental impacts,
Snowmelt, Minnesota, * Nonpoint sources, Storm
water runoff, Water quality data, Organic loading, Twin
Cities Regkxi(Minnesota).
PB82-225343 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Build-
ings: Guidance for Asbestos Analytical Programs.
Statistical Background Document,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Lucas, A. V. Rao, and T. Hartwell. Dec 80,51 p EPA-
560/13-80-017B
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
See also PB81-243 586.
This report presents detailed sampling procedures and
laboratory quality assurance measures for bulk sam-
ples collected in school buildings. Statistical support
for these procedures is given.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Construction materials,
'Schools, Sampling, Quality assurance, Air pollution,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Indoor air pollution, Numerical solution.
PB82-225376 PC A04/MF A01
TSCA Chemical Assessment Series Preliminary
RMc Assessment, Phase 1: Benzkttne, Its Con-
geners and Their Derivative Dyes and Pigments.
Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Theordore C. Jones, 10 Oct 79,63p EPA-560/11-80-
019
This report assesses the risk to health and the environ-
ment presented by benzidine and three of its con-
geners (o-tolkJine, dianisidine, and dtehlorobenztdlne)
and by dyes and pigments derived from these com-
pounds. Benzidine, o-tolidfne, dianisidine and dtehloro-
benzkfine are used almost entirely in the production of
dyes and pigments used to color textiles, paper, leath-
er, rubber, plastic products, printing inks, paints and
lacquers. Several potential risks have been Identified
through a preliminary analysis of the exposure and
hazards associated with these compounds. These in-
clude: (1) the oncogenic risk to workers exposed to Im-
ported bertzidine-based dyes that contain high con-
centmttons of free benzidine; (2) a similar risk to work-
ers using domestically produced benzidine-based dyes
(because there are no occupational exposure stand-
ards for either benzidine or its derivative dyes); (3) the
risk to the general population that may result from ex-
posure to benzidine-oased dyes in such products as
textiles and home dyes; and (4) risks of toxteity to
aquatic life that may result from release of dichloro-
benzkjirte into the environment
Keywords: Dyes, Pigments, Exposure, Textile industry,
Paper industry, Leather, Elastomers, Plastic industry,
Paints, Industrial hygiene, Public health, Assessments,
Toxicity, Manufacturing, Chlorine organic compounds,
•Benzidine, 'Toxic substances, ToTidine, Benzidine/
dichtoro, Dianisidine.
PB82-22S657 PC A10/MF A01
Environmenal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Information Resources Handbook.
Toxics Integration Information series (Final),
Koba Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Brian Kamovsky, John King, Pam Trrielmann, Kevin
Gteason, and Mitch Baer. Jan 80,208p EPA-560/TIIS-
814)01
Contract EPA-68-01 -5961
This handbook describes several of the more impor-
tant chemical information resources available and ac-
cessible through government and private organiza-
tions. The handbook provides a framework for search-
ing and retrieving information on chemical toxicology,
environmental effects, spill responses, disposal meth-
ods, ambient air and water concentrations, control
technologies, and existing regulations. This is a part of
the Toxics Integration and Information series.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Chemical compounds, 'Handbooks, Toxicology,
Regulations, 'Toxic substances.
PB82-225764 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Eye Irritation Testing: An Assessment of Methods
and Guidelines for Testing Materials for Eye Irrt-
tancy. Technical rept. (Final),
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
K. J. Falahee, C. S. Rose, S. S. Olin, and H. E. Seifried.
Dec 81,96p EPA/560/11-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01-6176
The ocular safety of materials is determined primarily
by observing the irritation produced by test agents in-
stilled directly into the rabbit eye. The object of this
study was to review the scientific basis for published
guidelines, particularly those recently developed by
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and De-
velopment (OECD) and the Interagency Regulatory Li-
aison Group (IRLG). These guidelines are essentially
the same and recommend instillation of 0.1 ml material
into the rabbit eye with observation for at least 72 hr.
Keywords: 'Eye injuries, 'Toxicology, Assessments,
Rabbits, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, In vivo analy-
sis, In vitro analysis. Tests, Guidelines, Methodology,
Irritants, Toxic substances, Draize method. Tier test-
ing.
PB82-225848 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Crop and Forest Losses Due to Current and Pro-
jected Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants In
the Ohio River Basin,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
One L Loucks, Thomas V. Armentano, Roland W.
Usher, Wayne T. Williams, and Richard W. Miller. Mar
82,282p EPA-600/7-81 -044
Grant EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Ecology, Indi-
anapolis, IN., and Indiana Univ. at Bloomington.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary re-
search program supported by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. The major objectives of this part of the
ORBES research are to summarize and evaluate the
literature on metabolic responses of plants to low
levels of SOx, their acidic conversion products, and ox-
klants, particularly O3; assemble data on emission
concentrations around representative primary emis-
sion sources in the study region; also to determine the
distribution and acreages of sensitive crop and forest
species in the areas near emission sources; to review
and apply damage functions for key sensitive species
to estimate losses in yield from a range of current and
projected pollutant levels; and to estimate probable
maximum and minimum effects of the emissions and
transformation products on the regional yield of crop
and forest products.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Metabolism, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Forestry, 'Air pollution, Ozone, Oxidants, Sensi-
tivity, Farm crops, Forest trees, Damage assessment,
Oxides, Losses, Yield, Distribution(Property), Rant
physiology, Ohio River Basin, Tables(Data), Pine trees,
Statistical tests, Biochemistry, Coal fired MHO genera-
tors, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Energy conversion.
PB82-225913 PC A03/MF A01
National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jul 79,42p EPA-570/9-76-000
These National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
are pursuant to Section 1412 of the Safe Drinking
Water Act, as amended (42 U.S.C.300g-1). These reg-
ulations control contaminants in drinking water that pri-
marily affect the aesthetic qualities relating to the
public acceptance of drinking water. At considerably
higher concentrations of these contaminants, health
implications may also exist as well as aesthetic degra-
dation. The regulations are not Federally enforceable
but are intended as guidelines for the States.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution, Regula-
tions, Safety, Aesthetics, Public health, Water supply,
Degradation, State government, 'Drinking water.
PB82-2259S4 PC A03/MF A01
TSCA Status Report for Existing Chemicals -
Volume 2, Issue 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Doreen Sterling, Susan Bloodworth, Patricia Grim, and
Patricia Morris. Jan 81,44p EPA-560/TIIS-81-001
The TSCA Status Report is a bimonthly publication
prepared jointly by the Office of Toxics Integration and
the Office of Toxic Substances. The report is divided
into two sections. Section One lists all the existing
chemicals of interest to OPTS (TSCA) and indicates
the regulatory/assessment status of each. The chemi-
cals are arranged alphabetically by CAS number
(where available) and displayed on a two dimensional
array. Chemicals without CAS preferred names are
sorted separately from those chemicals with a CAS
preferred name. Section Two contains the same infor-
mation indexed by regulatory/assessment status, i.e.,
within each OPTS program. For example, the CHIPS
listing is followed by the chemicals presently being
considered under that effort.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, Regulations, As-
sessments, Tables(Data), 'Toxic substances.
PB82-225962 PC A04/MF A01
Asbestos-Containing Materials In School Build-
Ings: A Guidance Document. Part 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances,
16 Mar 79,73p EPA-560/1 -82-002
See also PB82-225970.
Recently there has been an increasing awareness of
the significance of environmental factors in causing ill-
ness. The fibrous minerals known as asbestos, used in
many different kinds of products and applications,
have entered the environment in both occupational
and nonoccupational settings. The Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) is concerned with the disease-
causing potential of Intermittent, low-level exposures
that can occur in some school buildings from certain
asbestos-containing materials. EPA has established a
guidance program to Inform States and local school of-
ficials of the possible health hazards associated with
asbestos. EPA's guidance package contains two
parts. This manual, which is Part 1 of the package, is
written for school officials. Part 1 outlines steps that
schools can take to conduct an asbestos control pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Construction materials,
•Schools, Exposure, Sampling, Regulations, Public
health, industrial hygiene, Smoking, Air pollution,
'Indoor air pollution, Environmental health.
PB82-225970 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sprayed Asbestos-Containing Materials In Build-
ings: A Guidance Document, part 2. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Robert N. Sawyer, and Charles M. Spooner. Jan 78,
119p EPA-450/2-78-014,, OAQPS-1.2-094
Contract EPA-68-02-2607
See also PB82-225962. Prepared in cooperation with
Yale Univ. Health Service, New Haven, CT. Preventive
and Occupational Medicine.
This guidance document summarizes the available in-
formation on sprayed asbestos-containing materials in
buildings. It describes actions that may be taken when
a building owner knows or suspects that friable asbes-
tos materials are present. Application of sealant coats
and removal of asbestos materials are discussed.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Construction materials,
'Spraying, 'Schools, Public health, Industrial hygiene,
1304 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Air pollution control, Standards, Exposure, Regula-
tions, 'Indoor air pollution, Environmental health.
PB82-226051 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Hllfsborough County, Florida: Case History of a
County Noise Control Program,
Consumer Dynamics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Frederic C. May. Feb79,153p EPA-550/9-79-404
Contract EPA-68-01 -4982
The report describes a comprehensive study of the de-
velopment of a county noise control with a property
line ordinance, in the Southeastern United States.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement, Noise pollution, Land use, Project plan-
ning, Law enforcement, Ordinances, Transportation
noise, Florida, 'Noise pollution abatement, Hillsbor-
ough County(Florida), Tampa(Florida), Noise levels.
PB82-226069 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatment and Control.
Colorado Springs, Colorado: Case History of a
Municipal Noise Control Program,
Consumer Dynamics, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Frederic C. May. Aug 79,127p EPA-550/9-79-405
Contract EPA-68-01 -4982
The report describes a comprehensive study of the de-
velopment of a municipal noise control program with
particular focus on motor vehicle noise control.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement, Noise pollution, Project planning, Law
enforcement Ordinances, Transportation noise, Colo-
rado, 'Noise pollution abatement Colorado
Springs(Colorado), Noise levels.
PB82-226077 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Toxicology of Pesticides,
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Inst
for Medical Research and Occupational Health.
Elsa Reiner, and William F. Durham. Feb 82,68p EPA-
600/1-82-001
Grant EPA-R-804539
This report includes the results of five lexicological
studies of pesticide compounds conducted by the In-
stitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health,
Zagreb, Yugoslavia. In the first study, the reactions of
two groups of esterases (cholinesterases and arytes-
terases) with substrates and inhibitors were investigat-
ed. Procedures for monitoring the absorption of phosa-
tone and malation in occupational^ exposed workers
by determination of pesticide residues in the urine
were developed in the second study. This detection
technique was compared to the traditional blood cho-
linesterase inhibition method to determine which was a
more rapid detector of poisoning. The third study re-
ported surveyed the residues of chlorinated hydrocar-
bons in human milk and blood samples taken from the
general population, and compared the levels with
those found in the serum of workers exposed to pesti-
cides. In the fourth study, cholinesterase activity was
used to assess the effects of recent changes made in
the protective procedures for occupatonally exposed
workers. Finally, in the last study, the alleged effect of
pesticides on the eye and on vision were studied and
the results discussed. In addition, the report also in-
cludes summaries of seven student's theses related to
the work conducted by the Institute.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Industrial hy-
giene, Residues, Chlorine organic compounds, Reac-
tion kinetics, Absorption.
PB82-226085 PC A08/MF A01
An Experimental Study of Turbulence In an Urban
Environment,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
John F. Clarke, Jason K. S. Ching, and James M.
Godowitch. May 82,167p EPA-600/3-82-062
The structure of turbulence in the urban surface
boundary layer is discussed. Wind and temperature
fluctuations were measured with fast-response sen-
sors at a height of 31 m at a rural and three urban sites
in the St. Louis environs. The second moments of the
fluctuations were computed for one-hour time series
and analyzed within the framework of Monin-Obukhov
similarity theory. The results are discussed relative to
observed land-use features and calculated surface
roughness lengths for each of the sites.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Turbulent boundary layer,
'Turbulent flow, 'Air pollution, Transport properties,
Wind(Meteorology), Temperature, Moisture, Sites,
Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB82-226424 PC E99
Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometric
Data.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, IMC.
Dec 80,421p-in3v
Set includes PB82-226432, PB82-226440, and PB82-
226457.
No abstract available.
PB82-226432 PC A07/MF A01
Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometric
Data. Volume I. Part 1: Clustering, Validation, and
Classification of Data. Part 2: Investigation and
Report of Cluster Analysis,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Harold L. Crutcher, Carl Nelson, B. Fairbaim, and M.
Symons. Dec 80,145p EPA-600/4-80-048A
See also Volume 2, PB82-226440.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
226424.
The calibration and enhancement of Wolfe's NORMIX
(normal mixtures) computer program in the National
Computing Center of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency at the Research Triangle Park, NC is doc-
umented. The program is available for data clustering,
validation, and classification. In Part 1, an historical
perspective of the NORMIX algorithm is presented
with details of calibration, using the Fisher-Anderson
Iris data set. New program options are then introduced
with illustrative outputs including clustering features
such as variate profiles and twariate representations.
In Part 2, Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) and Multi-
variate Iterative K-Means Cluster Analysis (MIKCA)
clustering algorithms are applied to Los Angeles Cata-
lyst Study (LACS) data to investigate their perform-
ance as a multivariate tool for modeling air pollution
data. This volume, Volume I, of a 3-volume series com-
prises the report for Parts 1 and 2. Parts 3 and 4 are re-
ported in Volumes II and III, respectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data processing, Multivar-
iate analysis, Regression analysis, Correlations, Math-
ematical models, California, 'Environmental monitor-
ing, 'Cluster analysis, NORMIX computer program,
Los Angeles Catalyst Study, Univac 1110 Computers,
Outliers.
PB82-226440 PC A09/MF A01
Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometric
Data. Volume II. Part 3: Modifications and Options
Applied to Wolfe's NORMIX 360 Cluster Analysis
Program,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Maurice E. Graves. Dec 80,198p EPA-600/4-80-048B
See also Volume 1, PB82-226432, and Volume 3,
PB82-226457.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
226424.
The calibration and enhancement of Wolfe's NORMIX
(normal mixtures) computer program in the National
Computing Center of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency at the Research Triangle Park, NC is doc-
umented. The program is available for data clustering,
validation, and classification. In Part 3, a discussion of
new NORMIX modifications and options is provided
with complete computer program listings and other
user aids.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data processing, 'Comput-
er programs, Muttivariate analysis, Regression analy-
sis, Mathematical models, Correlations, 'Environmen-
tal monitoring, 'Cluster-analysis, NORMIX computer
program, Univac 1110 computers. Outliers.
PB82-226457 PC AOS/MF A01
Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometric
Data. Volume III. Part 4: Separation of Environ-
mental Data Into Clusters by the NORMIX Pro-
gram,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Maurice E. Graves. Dec 80, 78p EPA-600/4-80-048C
See also Volume 2, PB82-226440.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
226424.
The calibration and enhancement of Wolfe's NORMIX
(normal mixtures) computer program in the National
Computing Center of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency at the Research Triangle Park, NC is doc-
umented. The program is available for data clustering,
validation, and classification. In Part 4, tabular and
graphical displays record some aspects of the separa-
tion of environmental data into clusters by the
NORMIX program. Three CHAMP monitoring sites are
principal data sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Data processing, Multivar-
iate analysis, Regression analysis, Mathematical
models, Correlations, California, Utah, 'Environmental
monitoring, 'Cluster analysis, NORMIX computer pro-
gram, Univac 1110 computers, Loma Linda(Califomia),
Angwin(Calrfomia), Magna(Utah), Outliers.
PB82-226465 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification Controls for Stationary
Gas Turbine. Volume I: Environmental Assess-
ment Final rept. Feb 78-Jun 80,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. Larkin, H. I. Lips, R. S. Merrill, and K. J. Urn. Jul 81,
174p EPA-600/7-81-122A
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also Volume 2, PB82-226473.
The report gives an environmental assessment of
combustion modification techniques for stationary gas
turbines, with respect to NOx control effectiveness,
operational impact, thermal efficiency impact, control
costs, and effect on emissions of pollutants other than
NOx.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Gas turbines, 'Nitro-
gen oxides, Revisions, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Stationary sources,
Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB82-226473 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification Controls for Stationary
Gas Turbines. Volume II: Utility Unit Field Test
Final rept Jul 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. Larkin, and E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,158p EPA-
600/7-81-122B
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also Volume 1, PB82-226465.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at Houston Lighting
and Power's T.H. Wharton Generating Station, Unit 52.
The aim of the program was to measure emissions
changes resulting from applying NOx controls. Emis-
sions of trace elements, organic materials, sulfur spe-
cies, SO2, NOx, CO, and paniculate matter were
measured. These emissions, under normal and con-
trolled (for NOx) operating conditions, were compared.
Source operating data were also analyzed so that
changes in operating parameters and efficiency could
be assessed. Unit 52 is a General Electric MS 7001C
simple-cycle, single-shaft, heavy duty gas turbine,
rated at 70.8 Mw nominal electrical output. This gas
turbine may use either natural gas or distillate oil fuels.
The test program was conducted using oil fuel. Water
injection was used for NOx control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gas turbines, Revi-
sions, Assessments, Field tests, Nitrogen oxides, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Sampling,
Trace elements, Organic compounds, Sulfur inorganic
compounds, Carbon monoxide, Particles, 'Stationary
sources.
December 1983 1305
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-226697 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Assessment of a Cruorofluoro-
caiuon Production Capt
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Adete R. Palmer, and Timothy H. Quinn. Feb 81,93p
EPA-560/4-82-002
Contract EPA-68-01-6236
Ctikxofluorocarbons are suspected of contributing to
the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The U.S. EPA
sought information on a number of different regulatory
options, including the implementation of a marketable
permit system in conjunction with a production cap on
the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons at 1980
levels. This report develops six scenarios of the eco-
nomic implications of a 1980 level production cap on
chlorofluorocarbons. The six scenarios represent dif-
ferent assumptions regarding consumer and user re-
sponse to rising chiefofluorocarbon prices.
Keywords: 'Fluorine organic compounds, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, *Air pollution, Economic impact.
Stratosphere, Ozone, Manufacturing, Scenarios,
'Freons.
PB82-226739 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement arid Control.
San Diego, California: Case History of a Municipal
Noise Control Program. Case study rept. 1970.
Verve Research Corp., Rockville, MD.
Nov 78,199p EPA-550/9-79-406
Contract EPA-68-01 -3845
The development of a successful municipal noise con-
trol program from initiation by a Task Force and citizen
survey through ordinance development and passage
to administration and enforcement is described. The
report includes public education methods, legal ap-
proaches, the philosophy of enforcement and three
case studies illustrating the city's implementation of
noise control.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, Municipalities, Ordi-
nances, Law enforcement, Publicity, Citizen participa-
tion, Legislation, Urban area, California, San
Diego(Calomia).
PB82-227117 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Foams for Mitigating Air Pollution
from Hazardous Spate. Final rept 29 Oct 76-31 Jul
80.
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
S. S. Gross, and R. H. Hiltz. Feb 82,85p MSAR-80-
152.EPA-600/2-82-029
Contract EPA-68-03-2478
This program has been conducted to evaluate com-
mercially available water base foams for mitigating the
vapors from hazardous chemical spills. Foam systems
were evaluated in the laboratory to define those foam
properties which are important in mitigating hazardous
vapors. Larger scale tests were then conducted in a 3
m x 3 m pan. Polar and nonpolar liquids and liquefied
gases were used as test materials. Protein, fluoroprc-
tein, alcohol and aqueous film forming foams were
tested at low expansion ratios and surfactant foam
agents at low, medium and high expansion ratios. The
chemicals tested were acetone, n-outyl acetate, di-
ethyl ether, n-octane, triethylamine, benzene, toluene,
ethyl benzene, cydohexane, propane, ethytene, buta-
dtence, ammonia, chlorine, ethytene oxide, hydrogen
fluoride and sulfur trioxide.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Foam, 'Hazardous
materials. Polarity, Surfactants, Ethylamine, Benzene,
Toluene, Cydohexane, Propane, Ethytene, Buta-
dience, Ammonia, Chlorine, Ethytene oxide, Hydrogen
fluoride, Sulfur trioxide. Octanes, 'Chemical spills, Fu-
gitive emissions. Acetic acid/(butyi-ester), Benzene/
ethyl, Ether/dBtnyl, Amine/triethyl.
P882-22712S PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sorbent Materials for Cleanup of Hazardous
SoBs. Final rept,
MITRE Corp., McLean. VA.
E. C. Herrick, D. Carstea, and G. Goldgraben. Mar 82,
193p MTR-80W194, EPA-600/2-82-030
Contract EPA-68-01 -5051
This report reviews the state-of-the-art of sorbent ma-
terials for cleanup of hazardous liquid spills. The perti-
nent characteristics of 90 hazardous liquids and a
matrix is provided to indicate the tested and anticipat-
ed compatibilities between the liquids and sorbents.
Some conclusions are drawn about the state-of-the-art
and the suitability of various sorbent types. A compre-
hensive testing program is recommended.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sorbents, Liquids,
•Chemical spills, State of the art
PB82-227257 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification NOx Controls for Utility
Boilers.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Jul81,589p-in3v
Set includes PB82-227265 through PB82-227281.
No abstract available.
PB82-227265 PC AOB/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification NOx Controls tor Utfltty
Boilers. Volume I: Tangential Coal-Fired Unit FMd
Test Final rept Jul 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
E. B. Higginbotham. and P. M.Goldberg. Jul 81,158p
EPA-600/7-81-124A
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also Volume 2, PB82-227273.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99. PB82-
227257.
The report gives results of an environmental assess-
ment field testing program on a tangential-coal-fired
utility boiler. The aim of the program was to measure
multimedia emissions changes as a result of applying
combustion modification NOx control. Emissions of
trace elements, organic materials, sulfur species, SO2,
NOx, CO, and paniculate matter were measured.
These emissions were compared under normal and
tow-NOx operating conditions. Source operating data
were also analyzed so that changes in operating para-
meters and efficiency could be assessed. The test
were conducted on TVA's Kingston Steam Plant, Unit
6, a 180-MW, pufverized-coal, tangentially fired, elec-
tric utility boiler with a rated capacity of 582 Mg/hr
(1.28 million Ib/hr) steam. Bumers-out-of-service and
biased-burner firing were used for NOx control.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Combustion control, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Air pollution control, Air pollution, Trace ele-
ments, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Revisions, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests,
Tabtes(Data), Concentration(CompositJon), Electric
power plants, Stationary sources, Coal fired power
plants.
PB82-227273 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification NOx Controls for Utility
BoHers. Volume Ik Putverized-Coal WaH-Flred Unit
Field Test Final rept Jul 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. W. Sawyer, and E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,187p
EPA-600/7-81-124B
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also Volume 1, PB82-227265, and Volume 3,
PB82-227281.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
227257.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at Gulf Power's Crist
Power Plant, Unit 7. The aim of the program was to
measure multimedia emissions changes as a result of
applying NOx controls. Emissions of trace elements,
organic materials, sulfur species, paniculate matter,
CO2, O2, NOx, and CO were measured. These emis-
sions, under normal and controlled (for NOx) operating
conditions were compared. Source operating data
were also analyzed so that changes in operating pa-
rameters ami efficiency could be assessed.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Combustion control, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Air pollution control, Air pollution, Trace ele-
ments, Particles, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Carbon
monoxide. Field tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Electric power plants, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Stationary sources, Coal
fired power plants.
PB82-227281 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification NOx Controls for Utility
Boilers. Volume III: Residual OH Wall-Fired Unit
Field Test Final rept Jul 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. W. Sawyer, and E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,144p
EPA-600/7-81-124C
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also Volume 2, PB82-227273, and PB80-220957.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
227257.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at Pacific Gas and
Electric's Moss Landing Power Plant, Unit 6. The aim
of the program was to measure changes in emissions
as a result of applying NOx controls. Emissions of
trace elements, organic materials, sulfur species, par-
ticulate matter, CO2, O2, NOx, and CO were meas-
ured. These emissions, under as-designed and con-
trolled (for NOx) operating conditions, were compared.
Source operating data were also analyzed so that
changes in operating parameters and efficiency could
be assessed. Two degrees of NOx control were
tested: the highest level, corresponding to present
boiler operation, consisted of bumers-out-of-service
and flue gas recirculabon (FGR) to the windbox; and
the other, representing an intermediate degree of con-
trol, consisted of only FGR to the windbox.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Combustion control, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Air pollution control, Organic compounds,
Trace elements, Particles, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen,
Carbon monoxide. Field tests, Revisions, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Electric power plants,
Stationary sources, Residual oil fired power plants.
PB82-227356 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for Carbon Monoxide.
Final rept,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Bruce Henning. 2 Apr 80,189p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
This report presents economic impact information for
alternative eight-hour carbon monoxide national ambi-
ent air quality standards. The alternatives are 7 ppm, 9
pom, arid 12 ppm (on a daily maximum basis, where
trie highest eight-hour average for a day is used to de-
termine if the expected number of exceedances of the
standard is less than or equal to one per year). An
Urban and Community Impact standard is included as
part of the report. Cost and economic impacts of CO
emission controls on selected industries were investi-
gated. The analyses included capital and annualized
control costs, availability of financial capital for control
requirements, and potential product price and output
impacts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement 'Carbon monox-
ide, Standards, Cost analysis, Economic impact. In-
dustries, Motor vehicles, Operating costs, Exhaust
emissions, 'Air quality, Stationary sources.
PB82-227364 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Empirical Kinetics Modeling Ap-
proach.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Edwin L Meyer, Jr., Gerald L Gipson, and Basil
Dimitriades. 1982,18p PAPER-81-6.4
The report describes four approaches used to evalu-
ate the performance of the city-specific EKMA which
has been recommended by EPA for use in 1982 State
Implementation Plans. Data included in graphs and
1306 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tables depicts the results of actual experiments with
each erf the approaches: (1} comparison with historical
trends, (2) impacts predicted with sophisticated
models, (3) predicting peak ozone concentrations
using a detailed database to estimate trajectories and
(4) comparison with peak observed ozone concentra-
tions using a minimal database and assumed trajector-
ies.
Keywords: 'Ozone, Performance evaluation, Compari-
son,
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the SWCB contributing matching funds by in-kind serv-
ices and the Soil Conservation Service providing tech-
nical assistance. Reclamation began in 1976 and in-
cluded the use of sewage sludge as a soil conditioner.
Severe droughts in 1976 and 1977 and the highly toxic
nature of the mine wastes necessitated a continuing
maintenance program to establish vegetation. By the
fall of 1980 approximately 90 per cent of the reclaimed
areas supported fair to good grass cover.
Keywords: 'Mine waters, 'Surface mining, 'Metals,
'Contrary Creek, 'Land reclamation, Vegetation, Tox-
teity, Sludge, Soil properties, Pyrite, Grasses, Virginia,
•Mine acid drainage, Abandoned mines, Revegeta-
tjon.
PB82-227539 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation and Documentation of Mechanical Re-
Mial Wastewater Treatment
nalrept,
St., San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and Van B. Parr. Mar 82,238p EPA-
600/2-82-044
Contract EPA-68-03-2712
This study was initiated to determine the in-service reli-
ability, maintainability and availability of selected criti-
cal wastewater treatment plant components. Compo-
nents were considered critical if their failure caused an
immediate impact on effluent quality. Treatment plant
components selected included pumps, power trans-
missions, motors, compressors, valves, and controls.
Components were those from four types of
wastewater treatment plants. The four types of ['
were ak activated sludge, oxygen activated
trickling fitter, and rotating biological contactor (
Operation and maintenance data obtainde drom nine
operating plants were used to estimate failure rates,
mean-time-between-failures, mean-time-to-repair, and
availability for each component These performance
statistics are by component type, size range, and appli-
cation. Performance statistics were calculated from
operating data for 119 pumps, 249 power transmis-
sions. 285 motors, 17 compressors, 13 valves, and
269 controls. Calculated performance statistics can be
utifaed by design engineers and plant operators to
assist in the selection of new equipment The develop-
ment of a performance data base and subsequent
proper utilization of the data should result in improve-
ments in treatment plant performance. These data
allow estimates to be made of performance to be ex-
pected from certain equipment in certain applications.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Equipment Perform-
ance evaluation. Activated sludge process, Pumps,
Values, Compressors, Trickling filtration, Rotating bio-
logical contactors.
PB82-227687 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Top-Feed Vacuum Filtration of Waste-Activated
Sludge. Research rept 1973-81,
Rexnord. Inc.. Milwaukee, Wl.
John H. Moser, Donald J. Carr, Joseph E. Milanowski,
and Mahendra K. Gupta. Mar 82,140p EPA-600/2-82-
031
Grant EPA-S-800969
Prepared in cooperation with Milwaukee Metropolitan
Sewerage District Wl.
A slde-by-sjde comparison of a conventional bottom-
feed vacuum filter and a prototype top-feed vacuum
fitter was conducted. Thickened, waste-activated
sludge at approximately 1.8 percent feed solids con-
centration and conditioned with ferric chloride was
dewatered on two filters 12 ft (3.66 m) in diameter and
16 ft (4.88 m) long. One operated in the bottom-feed
mode and the other in the top-feed mode. As expect-
ed, the top feed filter was more efficient when forming
a firter cake because of its basic design configuration
(resulting in a longer drying time even at similar cycle
times). The results of a statistical analysis (two-tailed t-
test with a 95-percent confidence interval) of data from
the top- and bottom-feed fitters during operation at an
equivalent loading rate (1.5 tb/hr per sq ft (7.3 kg/hr
per sq m) and cycle time (3 minutes and 40 seconds)
nrJcates that the difference between the average
cake sofids was statistically significant and that the
top-feed filter produced a drier filter cake than the
bottom-feed filter (15.0 versus 14.4 percent). A total
cost comparison based on the above amortized costs
indicates that there is no significant cost difference be-
tween the two filters ($2,682 per year per filter for the
top-feed filter versus $2,434 for the bottom-feed filter).
Keywords: 'Vacuum filtration, 'Activated sludge proc-
ess, Dewatering, Cost analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, 'Solid wastes, 'Sludge treatment
PB82-227695 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Smog Chamber Experiments to Test Oxldant Re-
lated Control Strategy Issues. Final rept. 1978-81,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. M. Kamens, H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, and A. A.
Gerhardt Mar 82,240p EPA-600/3-82-014
Outdoor smog chamber experiments were performed
to address various issues relating to ozone (O3) pro-
duction and oxidant control strategies. Temperature
effects on single hydrocarbon-NOx systems were
studied. Propytene-NOx systems were modeled with
particular attention to peroxynitric acid chemistry.
Mechanisms were developed to model the O3 reac-
tions with the two major isoprene daughter products,
rnethyMnylketone and methacrolein. Chamber sys-
tems with isoprene and O3 were also modeled.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Smog, 'Ozone, Test
chambers, Nitrogen oxides, Aerosols, Temperature,
Hydrocarbons, Nitric acid/peroxy, Chemical reaction
mechanisms.
PB82-227703 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
SbnpHfled Injection of Oxygen Gas into an Acti-
vated Sludge Process. Final rept Jul 71 -Feb 74,
Las VTrgenes Municipal Water District Calabasas, CA.
Uoyd D. Hedenland, and Ralph L Wagner. Apr 82,67p
EPA-600/2-82-052
Grant EPA-S-802356
Prepared in cooperation with VTN Consolidated, Inc.,
San Bernardino, CA.
The Las Virgenes Municipal Water District conducted
a pilot investigation of the Simplex process at their
Tapia Water Reclamation Facility in Calabasas, Cali-
fornia The Simptox process, developed by the Cosmo-
dyne Division of Cordon International, involves cover-
ing an activated sludge aeration basin with an inflated
dome and injecting high purity oxygen into the mixed
liquor through a conventional coarse bubble diffuser.
The purpose of the study was to determine the oper-
ational and economic advantages, if arty, of this proc-
ess over a conventional activated sludge system.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge treatment 'Aeration,
'Sewage treatment Injection, Oxygen, Economic
analysis, 'Simplox process, Ca)abasas(Califomia).
PB82-227711 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Stormwatw Management to Improve Lake Water
Quality. Final rept.
University of Central Florida, Orlando.
Martin P. Wantefeta, Yousef A. Yousef, and James S.
Taylor. Mar 82,259p* EPA-600/2-82-048
Grant EPA-R-805580
Many investigators have identified the urban environ-
ments as those producing high levels of water pollut-
ants relative to other land uses. In a 59 hectare (146
acre) urban watershed in Orlando, Florida, the storm-
water system discharges to an 11 hectare (27 acre)
lake. The lake water quality is characterized by fre-
quent algal blooms, odor, and in general, reduced rec-
reational activities. The lake is one of the focal points
of the City's recreational/social programs. Stormwater
management procedures were established based on
the runoff sampling program and a target mass pollut-
ant reduction of Stormwater runoff with special empha-
sis on phosphorus. Management of Stormwater for the
removal of phosphorus was accomplished by diversion
for retention (filtration) of the first flush of pollutants.
Keywords. 'Runoff, 'Water pollution control, 'Lakes,
'Urban areas. Algae, Plankton blooms, Odor, Recrea-
tion, Losses, Sampling, Phosphorus, Diverting, Filtra-
tion, Florida, 'Storm water runoff, Ortando(Florida),
Eutrophication, Best management practices.
PB82-227729 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Recovery of Calcium Carbonate and Sulfur from
FGD Scrubber Waste. Final rept. Aug 77-Apr 78,
Pullman Kellogg, Houston, TX.
R. P. Arganbright, P. Huang, G. S. Banner, B. G.
Mandelik, and T. S. Roche. Apr 82,143p* EPA-600/7-
82-015
Contract EPA-68-02-2644
The report gives results of a demonstration of key
process steps in the proprietary Kel-S process for re-
covering calcium carbonate and sulfur from lime/lime-
stone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber waste.
The steps are: reduction of the waste to calcium sul-
fide (using coal as the reducing agent), carbonation of
the calcium sulfide to generate hydrogen suffide and
calcium carbonate, and recovery of precipitated calci-
um carbonate from inerts (coal ash).
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, 'Sulfur, 'Calcium car-
bonates, Air pollution control, Flue gases, Cost analy-
sis, Ashes, 'Solid wastes, 'Limestone scrubbing, *Kel-
S process, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB82-227737 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection and Granular Acti-
vated Carbon Adsorption. Final rept Nov 76-Apr
81,
Evansville Waterworks Dept, IN.
Ben W. Lykins, Jr., Mark Griese, and Donald B. Mills.
Apr 82,99p EPA-500/2-82-051
This research study was designed to evaluate chlorine
dioxide disinfection as an alternative for drastically re-
ducing or preventing the production of trihalometh-
anes that result during chlorination. Also, the effective-
ness of virgin and reactivated granular activated
carbon (GAG) for removal of organic compounds
present in the source water as well as any formed after
disinfection was investigated. The performance of 0.38
cu m/minute (100 gallon per minute) pilot plant with
pre and post chlorine dioxide disinfection and two par-
allel post-adsorber GAC contactors was compared to
a full-scale plant using chlorine disinfection without
GAC adsorption. The parallel GAC contactors consist-
ed of virgin in one contactor and reactivated GAC in
the other one that were continuously operated and
evaluated until exhaustion. After about 90 days of op-
eration, the GAC was educted and reactivated off-site
by an infrared furnace. Analysis performed during the
project consisted of quantification of fourteen volatile
and eight extractable organic compounds along with
qualitative (detected/nondetected) determinations by
mass spec scans of 32 additional volatiles and 54 ex-
tractable organics. Additional data were collected on
nine inorganic metals, TOC, and other parameters
such as turbidity, SPC and total colif orms.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Disinfection,
'Halogen organic compounds, Chlorine oxides, Chlor-
ination, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants, 'Chlorine
dioxide, 'Granular activated carbon treatment 'Meth-
anes.
PB82-227745 PC A04/MF A01
Determinants and Options for Water Distribution
System Management A Cost Evaluation. Final
reptNov80-Nov81,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark, Cheryl L Stafford, Michael G. Laugte,
and James A. Goodrich. Mar 82,55p* EPA-600/2-82-
033
This report deals with the problems associated with
maintaining and replacing water supply distribution
systems. Some of these problems are associated with
public health, economic and spatial development of
the community, and costs of repair and replacement of
system components. Statistical models are developed
that demonstrate the relationship between population
growth and development and growth of the water
supply service network. A repair frequency analysis
has been completed for distribution systems mainte-
nance events (leaks and breaks). The economic impli-
cation of various replacement strategies and the effect
of water quality (corrosivrry) on water loss and system
cost are examined.
1308 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
'Water supply, Public health, Maintenance, Economic
factors, Cost analysis, Population growth, Mathemati-
cal models, Leakage, Corrosion, PipesfTubes), Re-
placing.
PB82-227752 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Persistence and Detection of Conforms In Turbid
Finished Drinking Water. Final rept. 10 Oct 78-9 Jul
81,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Microbiology.
Ramon J. Seidler, and Thomas M. Evans, Apr 82,56p
EPA-600/2-82-054
To define interrelationships between elevated turbidi-
ties and the efficiency of chlorination in drinking water,
experiments were conducted to measure bacterial sur-
vival, chlorine demand, and interference with microbio-
logical determinations. Results indicated that disinfec-
tion efficiency (log-fold decrease in cpliform numbers)
was negatively correlated with turbidity and was influ-
enced by season, chlorine demand of the samples,
and the initial coliform level. Interference with coliform
detection in turbid water could be demonstrated by the
recovery of typical coliforms from apparently negative
filters. A procedure was developed to detect false neg-
ative reactions (interference) in the standard most
probable number (S-MPN) technique for coliform enu-
meration of potable water supplies.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Chlorination, "Bacteria,
"Turbidity, Disinfection, Efficiency, Colrform bacteria,
Survival, Seasonal variations, Detection, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution detection.
PB82-227760 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Volatile Organic* in Aeration Gases at Municipal
Treatment Plants, Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edo D. Pellizzan Apr 82,216p EPA-600/2-82-056
Contract EPA-68-03-2780
Utilizing previously developed and validated analytical
methods, research was conducted to: (1) estimate
volatile (purgeable) Priority Pollutants stripped from
aeration basins at a Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Facility; (2) determine the volatile Priority Pollutants in
WBstewater and activated sludge of a treatment facili-
ty;" (3) determine the equilibrium distribution of volatile
Priority Pollutants between the solid and aqueous
phases for wastewater and activated sludge; (4) meas-
ure volatile pollutants produced by stabilization of
sludge by superchlorination; and (5) determine, if any,
the chlorinated organics produced during superchlor-
ination of sludge. Liquid and gas sampling strategies
were developed to obtain representative data on the
emission of purgeable Priority Pollutants from aeration
basins of a municipal wastewater treatment facility.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Aeration, "Chemical
analysis, Activated sludge process, Chlorination, Sta-
bility, Sampling, Organic compounds, "Volatile organic
compounds.
PB82-227786 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption Isoth-
erms for Selected Tannery Effluents. Final rept. 9
Apr 79-8 Dec 81,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
J. Vuceta, and K. V. LaConde. Apr 82,127p EPA-600/
2-82-065
Contracts EPA-68-03-2578, EPA-68-03-3028
Two raw untreated tanning effluents were initially
tested for the removal of COD, BOD, TOC, total and
specific phenols, oil and grease, and total chromium,
using the following six individual powdered activated
carbons (PAC): ICI-HDC, ICI-HDH, Nuchar SA-15,
Amoco PX-21, Norit FQA, and Westates WO-841. The
first three carbons were subsequently tested for the
above parameters on eight additional effluents, repre-
senting a total of six tanning subcategories. The
carbon dose range investigated was 0.3 to 10 g/l.
Rnal comparisons between the carbons were per-
formed in terms of their removal efficiencies and ulti-
mate capacities, using Freundlich adsorption isoth-
erms.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Tanning ma-
terials, "Isotherms, "Water pollution control, Adsorp-
tion, Leather, Comparison, Phenols, Chromium, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Chromium, Industrial waste
treatment, Best technology, Chemical oxygen
demand.
PB82-227794 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
Cincinnati.OH.
Environmental Consideration for Emerging
Copper Winning Processes. Final rept. Jul 79-Apr
81,
Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, UT. Salt Lake City Re-
search Center.
Henry Dolezal, Masami Hayashi, George M. Potter,
and John Burckle. Apr 82,113p EPA-600/2-82-058
Fourteen processes for the production of copper were
examined to evaluate their potential environmental
impact, economics and energy requirements relative
to reverberatory smelting as commonly practices in the
U.S. Because of limitations in data available for more
recent process developments, detailed evaluations
were completed for only four smelting processes: elec-
tric (two scenarios), Noranda (three scenarios), flash
two scenarios each of the putokumpo and INCO sys-
tems), and reverberatory (five scenarios). A computer
program, developed by the Bureau under an independ-
ent effort was used to provide the estimates from pub-
lished data.
Keywords: "Copper, "Smelting, Environmental im-
pacts, Economic impact, Exhaust emissions, Air pollu-
tion, Evaluation.
PB82-227802 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
An Energy and Fuel Demand Model for the Ohio
River Basin Energy Study Region,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Walter P. Page, Doug Gilmore, and Geoffrey Hewings.
Mar82,129pEPA-600/7-82-012
Grants EPA-R-805585, EPA-R-805588
Prepared in cooperation with West Virginia Univ., Mor-
gantown., and Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
This report was prepared in support of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary pro-
gram supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. An energy and fuel demand model was devel-
oped for the ORBES study region, which includes all of
Kentucky, most of West Virginia, substantial portions
of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and southwestern Penn-
sylvania. This input-output model had to be at the sub-
state level. Given parameters specified by other
ORBES researchers, the model projects economic ac-
tivity as well as fuel use by end-use sector for future
time periods in the study region. Alternative specifica-
tions of the various parameters define trie scenarios of
interest.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, Coal, Natural gas,
Electricity, Kentucky, West Virginia, Illinois, Indiana,
Ohio, Forecasting, Ohio River Basin, Scenarios,
"Energy models, Energy demand, Ohio River Basin
Energy Study, Petroleum.
PB82-227810 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Mini-Assessment of Environmental Trends and
Problems: Alternative Feedstocks. Final rept,
Mathtech, Inc., Arlington, VA.
G. M. Burck, B. J. Rio4dan, K. C. Hoffman, and R. W.
Meehan, II. Jun 82,247p EPA-600/9-82-010
Contract EPA-68-02-3639
This report discusses the potential for replacing oil and
natural gas, the major organic chemical feedstocks,
with alternative source materials and the consequent
potential for environmental damage. Major emphasis
is on five basic chemicals, and others are also consid-
ered. Current sources and uses of key chemicals are
traced and a projection is made to the year 2000 under
assumptions reflecting current market conditions.
Three scenarios then define the upper limits for poten-
tial alternative feedstocks: (1) coal-based syrfthesis
gas, (2) synfuel by-products, and (3) biomass.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Natural gas, "Environmental
impacts, "Replacing, Coal, Biomass, Synthesis, Chem-
ical industry, Ranking, Hydrocarbons, Trends, Predic-
tions, Social effect. Economic impact, Fossil fuels,
Coal extraction, "Chemical feedstocks, Synthesis gas,
Synthetic fuels.
PB82-227901 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat Man-
agement and Utilization (3rd), Held at Miami
Beach, Florida on May 11-13,1981.
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
May 82,953p EPA-600/9-82-008
See also PB82-227919 through PB82-228669, PB82-
231408 and PB80-112329.
The conference addressed programs in waste heat
management and utilization, utilization of waste heat
from industrial processes, thermal discharges and re-
lated phenomena, cooling towers and their effects,
greenhouse applications of waste heat, environmental
effects of waste heat discharges to water bodies, and
management and regulatory aspects of waste heat.
Keywords: "Meetings, Petroleum refining, District
heating, Greenhouses, Cooling towers, Thermal pollu-
tion, Heat recovery, Management, Environmental im-
pacts, Regulations, Water pollution control, "Waste
heat utilization, "Energy conservation, Waste heat,
Thermal effluents, (Degeneration.
PB82-227919
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
An Overview of the Department of Energy Waste
Heat Recovery Program,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
JohnW.Neal. May82,23p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pll-3-ll-27 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227927
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Alternatives for Waste Heat Utilization In the Pe-
troleum Industry,
Shell Oil Co., Houston, TX.
Edward H. Mergens. May 82,15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pll-28-lll-A-43 May
81.
No abstract available.
PB82-22793S
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Using Industrial Reject Heat for District Heating, A
Case Study, Belllngham, Washington (Utilization
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Mitchell Olszewski, and Lincoln B. Katter. May 82,11p
Prepared in cooperation with Rocket Research Co.,
Redmond, WA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-A-45-lll-A-55
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227943
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Waste Heat and Hill Storage In Aquifer Systems,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Jay R. Eliason. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pltl-A-56-lll-A-65
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-2279SO
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Cogeneratton Electrical Interconnection Equip-
ment - Costs and Issues,
Systems Control, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
J. B.Patton.May82,14p
December 1983 1309
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-A-66-lll-A-79
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227968
(Order as PB82-227968, PC A99/MF A01)
Performance Analysis of Dedicated Heat Pump
Water Heaters In an Office Buttdtna
Solar Energy Research Inst, Golden, CO.
Louise S. Morrison. May 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-A-80-lll-A-lll-A-
91 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227976
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Heat Transport System from a Swiss Wast* Incin-
eration Plant to Industrial Consumers and to a
District Hospital,
Motor-Columbus Ingerrieuruntemehmung A.G., Baden
(Switzerland).
Edgar Gautschi. May 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-A-92-lll-B-103
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227M4
(Order as PB82-227901, PC AM/MF A01)
i Induced Shear Stresses,
Boston Edison Co., MA.
Fred J. Mogotesko, and Joseph Laznow. May 82,9p
Prepared in cooperation with M and L Environmental
Consultants, Holliston, MA.
Inducted in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-B-105-lll-B-113
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-227992
(OrderasPB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01
instaJMIon of Closed Cydo CooNno System to
Reduce Impact of Existing Once-Through Cooing
System,
Enwosphere Co., New York.
H. A. Frediani, Jr. May 82,7p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-B-114-IM-B-120
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228008
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
A^l-al.l||na ,1 UAM«M>M«H4t«l VStABVBkAl " • — • **•_
oinipBiivQ Mmienimcai tnsfinai MOQSI rar
Spray uaniili,
Black and Veatch, Kansas City, MO.
K. E. Trout W.E.Stewart, Jr., and A. T.Leard. May 82,
6p
Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Kansas
City and Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
i (3rd). plll-B-121-lll-B-126
Management and
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228016
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
CooHns-Watw Dispersion under the Influence of
Groynes,
Karlsruhe Urw. (Germany, F.RJ.
Va88*os Kaleris, and Michael Schatzmann. May 82,
11p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plll-B-127-IV-A-137
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228024
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Evaporation from Heat Loaded Lakes: A Summa-
Ctemson Univ., SC. Dept of Civil Engineering.
1310 Vol. 83, No. 26
Ben L Sill. May 82,13p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-l39-IV-A-15l
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228032
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Investigation of Lake Betows,
Florida Power and Light Co., Miami.
S. K. Mathavan, W. J. McCabe, S. S. Lee, and S.
Sengupta.May82.6p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-152-IV-A-157
No abstract available.
PB82-228040
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A89/MF A01)
Thermal Plume Evaluation of the St Lude Unit 1
DHfuser.
Envirospnere Co., New York.
N. S. ShashkJhara, and H. A. Nagel. May 82,19p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-158-IV-A-176
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-2280S7
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
2-D Convection Dominated Thermal Dispersion In
Coastal Waters,
United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Philadelphia,
PA,
H. P. Miner, and K. C. S. Torn. May 82,8p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-177-IV-A-184
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228065
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
A Thermal Impact Assessment Model with Meas-
ured Field Data Applied to the TWal River Weser,
Gesellschaft fuer Kemenergieverwertung in Schiffbau
und Schiffahrt m.b.H., Geesthacht-Tesperhude (Ger-
many, F.R.).
J. Haeuser, D. Eppel, A. Mueller, A. Nehlsen, and F.
Tanzer. May 82,15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-185-IV-A-199
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228073
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Mathematical Modelling of Hydrothermal Reclrcu-
latJon for Paslr Gudang Power Station, Malaysia
(Thermal Discharge II),
Central Water and Power Research Station, Poona
(India).
V. S. fhakar. and K. G. K. Murthy. May 82,11 p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-A-200-IV-B-211
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228081
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
mfc Losses of Highly Flared Natural
Draft Cooling Towers,
Cornell Unrv.,ltnaca, NY.
F. K. Moore, and M. A. Garde. May 82.14p
Included In Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-B-213-IV-B-226
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228099
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Model Studtes on the Design and Arrangement of
Forced Draft CooHng Towers to Minimize Recircu-
latlon and Interference,
Waterloo Univ. (Ontario).
P. R. Slawson, and H. F. Sullivan. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-B-227-IV-B-236
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228107
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Cooling Tower Fan Motor Power Measurements,
Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Ramon, CA.
A. E. Johnson, and K. H. Better. May 82,11p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-B-237-IV-B-247
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228115
(Order as PB82-227901, PC AM/MF A01)
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Plate-Fin Con-
denser with Deluged Water Augmentation for
Cooling Towers,
Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, NY. LJnde Div.
Hans D. Fricke. Ken Mclllroy, and John A. Bartz. May
82,15p
Prepared in cooperation with Electric Power Research
Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-B-248-IV-B-262
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228123
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Status Report on Advanced Cooling Tower
ft. n|— n|
iToject,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. T. Allemann, B. M. Johnson, and J. A. Bartz. May
82,13p
Prepared in cooperation with Electric Power Research
Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-B-263-IV-C-275
May81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228131
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
A Review of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies
for Gaseous Diffusion Plants and Other Low-Tem-
perature Sources,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA
W. P. Teagan, P. C. Mahata, and J. Burke. May 82,15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-C-277-IV-C-291
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228149
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Industrial Refrigeration from 140 deg F Waste
Heat,
Foster-Milter Associates. Inc., Waltham, MA.
Scott J. Hynek. May 81,12p
Contract W-7405-eng-26
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd). plV-C-292-IV-C-303
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228156
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Some Problems In Designing the Waste Heat
Power Station of Youxl,
Huazhong Inst of Technology, Wuhan (China). Dept
of Power Engineering.
Dechang Liu, and Mingru Zheng. May 82,6p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pi V-C-304-IV-C-304
May 81.
No abstract available.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-228164
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Design of the Proposed Watts Bar Waste Heat
Park,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville.
Charles F. Bowman, and Robert E. Taylor. May 82,
12p
Included In Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plV-C-310-V-A-321
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228172
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
An Improved Method for Predicting Seasonal and
Annual Shadowing from Cooling Tower Plumes,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
R. A. Carhart, A. J. Poltoastro, and W. E. Dunn. May 82,
14p
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champaign. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utifeatfon (3rd), pV-A-323-V-A-336
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228180
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Cooling Tower Drift Study at the Oak Ridge Gase-
ous Diffusion Plant,
Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, TN. Nuclear Div.
Shin H. Park. May 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pV-A-337-V-B-353
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228198
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Industrial Waste Heat for Greenhouses,
Fort Valley State Coll., G A.
I. J. Crumbtey, and T. G. Bma. May 82,14p
Sponsored in part by Industrial Environmental Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Inducted in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pV-B-355-V-B-368
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228206
(Order as PB62-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
An Update on Heating Greenhouses In Northern
Climates with Power Plant Reject Heat,
Ashley Engineering, Inc., SL Paul, MN.
G. C. Ashley, and IS. Htetala May 82,6p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pV-B-369-VI-A-375
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228214
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF a01)
Striped Bass and the Management of Cooling
Lakes,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Charles C. Coutant May 82,8p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-A-377-VI-A-384
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228222
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Ttepte Culture In Heated Effluents: Economic As-
pects,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL
Robert G. Nelson, Leslie L Behrends, Edward L
Waddell, Jr., and David W. Burch. May 82,8p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-A-385-VI-A-392
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228230
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Fisheries and the Design of Electric Power Plants:
The Lake Erie Experience,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
Jeffrey M. Reutter, and Charles E. Herdendorf. May
82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-A-393-VI-A-406
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228248
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Abalone Culture at a Coastal Electric Generating
Station,
Southern California Edison Co., Rosemead.
J. C. Kelly, N. J. Sevitz, and A. Weir, Jr. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-A-407-VI-A-416
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228255
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Tllapla Culture In Heated Effluents: Potential for
Commercialization In Temperate Climates,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL.
L L. Behrends, D. W. Burch, J. J. Maddox, R. G.
Nelson, and E. L Waddell, Jr. May 82,9p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-A-417-VI-B-425
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228263
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Mathematical Modelling of Thermal Plume Interac-
tion at Waterford Nuclear Power Station,
Argonne National Lab., IL
Steve Y. H. Tsai. May 82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-B-427-VI-B-440
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228271
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Hydraulic Modeling of Thermal Discharges Into
Shallow Tidal Affected Streams,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Howard D. Copp, N. S. Shashidhara, and K. R. Wise.
May82,l5p
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Public
Power Supply System, Richland, WA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-B-441-VI-B-455
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228289
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Mathematical Modeling of Waste Heat Discharge
In Large Water Bodies,
Dames and Moore, Los Angeles, CA.
D. Ian Austin, and Akshai K. Runchal. May 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-B-456-VI-&467
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228297
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Effects of Model Distortion on the Near-Field Be-
haviour of Thermal Surface Discharges,
Watertoopkundig Lab., Delft (Netherlands).
D. Hoogendoom, and A. Quist May 82,11 p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVi-B-468-VI-B-478
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228305
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Mathematical Models for Power Plant Waste Heat
Discharge,
Tata Consulting Engineers, Bangalore (India).
P. G. Kharche, and P. C. K. Variyar. May 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVI-B-479-VII-A-
491 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228313
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Greenhouse Heating System Design and Econom-
ics for Waste Heat Utilization,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
D. M. Stipanuk, R. E. Friday, and B. Chezar. May 82,
15p
Prepared in cooperation with Power Authority of the
State of New York.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-A-493-VII-A-
507 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228321
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Greenhouse Heating Options: Can Waste Heat
Compete,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Richard E. Friday, David B. Stipanuk, and Gerald B.
White. May 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-A-508-VII-A-
508 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228339
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Montour Waste Heat Greenhouse Project,
Pennsylvania Power and Light Co., Allentown.
Robert P. Johnson, Kenneth G. Bryfogle, Jr., David R.
Mears, and Thomas O. Manning. May 82,14p
Prepared in cooperation with Bryfogle's, Inc., Muncy,
PA; Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ, and Solar Engi-
neering Group, Princeton, NJ.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-A-525-VII-B-
539 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228347
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Assessment of Models Used to Predict Evapora-
tive Water Loss at Cooling Impoundments,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Ralph M.
Parsons Lab. for Water Resources and Hydrodyna-
mics.
E. E. Adams, K. R. Helfrich, A. L. Godbey, and D. R. F.
Harleman. May 82,15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-B-541-VII-B-
555 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228354
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Use of Non-Site Specific Wind Speed Data In Pre-
dicting Lake Temperatures and Evaporation,
Duke Power Co., Charlotte, NC.
A. M. Mitry, and B. L. Sill. May 82,10p
Prepared in cooperation with Clemson Univ., SC.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat •
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-B-556-VII-B-
565 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228362
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Cooling Pond Performance and River Impact Due
to Cyclic Dally Power Generation,
Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Denver, CO.
Y. J. Tsai, and W. Yow. May 82,11 p
December 1983 1311
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-B-566-VII-B-
576 May 81.
No abstract available.
P882-228370
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Heat Refaction from Cooling Water of a Thermal
Power Plant by Redrculatkm In Water Body,
Indian Inst of Tech., Kanpur.
A. K. Agrawal, and Mancnar Prasad. May 82,8p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-B-577-VII-B-
584 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228388
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Dtocharge
for Oconee Power Plant Into Lake Keowee,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL Dept of Mechanical
Engineering.
S. Sinha, E. Nwadike, S. Sengupta, and S. Lee. May
82.6p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-B-585-VII-C-
591 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228396
(Order as PB82-227901. PC AM/MF A01)
Ufe History Characteristic* and Physiological Tol-
•rances of Teredo bartschl', a Snipworm Intro-
duced Into Two Temperate Zone Nuclear Power
Plant Effluents,
Lehtgh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
K. Elaine Hoagland. May 82,13p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-C-593-VII-C-
606 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228404
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Impact of SaBne Aerosol Drift from Brackish
Wflter CooKftQ Towws on Crops «VM SOBS,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
Charles L MuteW, James A. Armbruster, and D. C.
Wolf. May 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-C-607-VII-C-
623 May 81.
No abstract avaUabta.
PB82-228412
(Order as PB82-227901, PC AB9/MF A01)
Section 316(B) and Modeling of tehthyopbmkton
Entrapment,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
D. S. Vaughan. May 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-C-624-VII-C-
635 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228420
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
RNA/DNA Ratio In Tropical FMi Exposed to Ther-
mal Discharges hi Rana Pratap Sagar Lake,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (India).
P. R. Kamath, K. G. Warughese, P. V. Vyas, and R. P.
Gurg.May82,6p
Included h Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVII-C-636-VII-C-W-
1-641 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228438
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
£colo^cttl Effects AssssMiwnt •
Vs-Stata-of-the-Art,
Battette Pacific Northwest Labs., Rfchland, WA.
D. H. McKenzie, J. M. Thomas, and L L. Eberhardt.
May82,13p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pW-1-643-W-2-655
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228446
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Common Problems In Modeling of Thermal
Plumes In Air and Water,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
Anthony J. Policastro, and William E. Dunn. May 62,
15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pW-2-657-W-3-657
May 81.
No abstract available.
PBB2-228453
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Cogeneratlon - A Status Report of the Depart-
ment of Energy Industrial Program,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
AlanJ.Streb.May82,21p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pW-3-673-VIII-A-
695 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228461
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Case Study of the Al Khobar Cooling Water Inves-
tigation,
Danish Inst of Applied Hydraulics, Hoersholm.
Peter Mortensen, Andrew McCowan, and G. S.
Rodenhuis.May82.13p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utiffization (3rd), pVIII-A-697-VIII-A-
709 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228479
(Order as PB82-227901. PC A99/MF A01)
Remote-Sensing Study of Mesoscale Mixing Proc-
esses off San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station,
Southern California Edison Co., Rosemead.
Robert S. Grove, and Choule J. Sonu. May 82,8p
Prepared in cooperation with Tekmarine, Inc., Sierra
Madre.CA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utifeation (3rd), pVIII-A-710-VIII-A-
717May81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228487
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Combined Effects of City and Cooling Tower Heat
Release on the Thermal Structure and Velocity
FMd of the Lowest Air Layers of the Atmosphere,
Eidgenoessisches Inst fuer Reaktorforschung, Wuer-
enlingen (Switzerland).
D. Haschke, C. A. Jacobs, and J. P. Parxlolfo. May 82,
12p
Prepared in cooperation with Center for the Environ-
ment and Man, Inc., Hartford, CT.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pVIII-A-718 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228495
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Energy Applied Systems Test Facility,
South Carolina Energy Research Inst, Columbia
F. J. McCrosson, P. W. Yngve, and F. H. Zander. May
82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd). pVIII-B-731-IX-A-
745 May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228503
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
The Potential for Waste Heat Utilization Resulting
from the Use of Potable Water Supplies as Cool-
ing Water Prior to Treatment,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Water Resources Center.
R. H. Ramsey, III, R. D. Bowersock, L. V. Urban, J. H.
Strickland, and R. M. Sweazy. May 82,15p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-747-IX-A-761
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228511
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Waste-Heat Desalination of Seawater for Boiler
Feed,
Ebasco Services, Inc., New York.
S. J. Senators, and H. H. Sephton. May 82,10p
Prepared in cooperation with Envirotech-Sephton De-
velopment Center, Emeryville, CA.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-769-IX-A-778
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228529
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Immiscible Uquld Cycle In Large Scale Medium
Temperature Waste Heat Recovery,
Carteton Univ., Ottawa (Ontario).
Bryce M. Bumside. May 82,16p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-779-IX-A-794
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228537
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
The Function of Chains In the Transfer of Low
Grade Heat in Rotary Kilns,
Surrey Univ., Guildford (England).
M. C. Patterson, F. D. Moles, and B. G. Jenkins. May
82,16p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-795-IX-A-810
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228545
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Process Steam Line from the Geosgen Nuclear
Power Station to the Cardboard Industry at Nle-
dergoesgen, Switzerland,
Motor-Columbus Ingenieurunternehmung A.G., Baden
(Switzerland).
I.Daglio. May82,9p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-811-IX-B-819
May 81.
No abstract available.
PBS 2-228552
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Finite Element Modeling of a Complex Embay-
ment System,
Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Denver, CO.
Donald P. Galya, and Paula M. Colangelo. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-B-821-IX-C-831
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228560
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Regulatory Requirements for Thermal Discharges
and Demonstration of Compliance,
Ebasco Services, Inc., New York.
N. S. Shashidhara. May 82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-C-633-IX-C-846
May 81.
1312 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
No abstract available.
PB82-228578
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Management of Waste Heat from Thermal Power
Plants as Related to Rising Cost of Fuel,
Energoprojekt, Belgrade (Yugoslavia).
Miodrag M. Mesarovic. May 82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), p!X-C-847-IX-C-860
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228586
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Regulatory Aspects of Waste Heat Management
and Utilization,
Anderson (William A.), II, Washington, DC.
William A. Anderson, II. May 82,13p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-C-861-X-A-873
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228594
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Wasted Latent Heat Recovery from Low Temper-
ature Gases,
Trane Thermal Co., Conshohocken, PA.
Yen-Hsiung Kiang. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-A-875-X-A-884
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228602
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Economic Evaluation of Competing Industrial
Waste-Heat Recovery Technologies,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
Paul J. Grogan, Harry L Brown, and Bernard B. Hamel.
May 82,16p
Prepared in cooperation with General Energy Associ-
ates, Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-A-685-X-A-900
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228610
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Heat Recovery from Turbine Exhaust Gas,
GEA - Power Cooling Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA.
G.Hesse. May 82,1 Op
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-A-901-X-A-910
May 61.
No abstract available.
PB82-228628
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Predicting the Performance and Cost of ORC
Waste Heat Recovery Systems,
Argonne National Lab., IL
J. L Krazinski, H. M. Bushby, and E. H. Buyco. May 82,
12p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-A-911-X-A-920
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228636
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Energy Utilization in the Production of Anhydrous
Ethyl Alcohol for Gasohol,
Stanley Consultants, Inc., Muscatine, IA.
Norman B. Smith. May 82,10p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-A-921-X-B-931
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228644
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Dynamic Behavior of a Thermal Plume,
Cooper Union, New York.
Joseph C. Cataldo, and Stephen Quense. May 82,14p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-B-933-X-B-946
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228669
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Prediction of Low-Flow Plume Configurations for
316(A) Studies of Operating Power Plants,
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
Paily P. Paily. May 82,8p
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), pX-B-961-X-B-968
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-228917 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Literature Review of Personal Air Monitors for Po-
tential Use in Ambient Air Monitoring of Organic
Compounds,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Garson A. Lutz. Jun 82,88p EPA-600/4-82-048
Contract EPA-68-02-2686
The open literature, Federal publications, industrial re-
ports, and other sources published between 1975 and
198p were reviewed for information relevant to person-
al air samplers potentially useful in sampling organic
compounds at ambient levels (50-200 ppt). Seventy
one references which identify fifty two groups involved
in developing or marketing relevant instruments are
cited. Four passive personal monitors and two active
monitors developed for industrial hygiene levels are
recommended for further testing and development for
use at ambient levels. These monitors are DuPont's
PRO-TEK G-AA; Abcor's GASBADGE; 3M's 3500 Or-
ganic Vapor Monitor; Real's Mini-Monitor; MDA's Ac-
cuhaler; and Bendix's BDX102. Laboratory tests are
proposed in the areas of blank reduction/reproducibil-
rty, analytical methodology, and controlled atmosphere
exposures. Following completion of laboratory tests,
the most promising devices should be field tested to
determine which monitors provide the most accurate
and reliable data.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Dosimeters, 'In-
dustrial hygiene, Monitoring,
ConcentratJon(Compositton), Reviews, Comparison,
Performance evaluation, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pol-
lution monitors, 'Occupational safety and health, Liter-
ature surveys.
PB82-228966 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environ-
mental Assessment Biological Tests. Final rept.
Mar78-Sep81,
Litton Btonetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
D. J. Brusick, and R. R. Young. Oct 81,150p EPA-600/
8-82-024
Contract EPA-68-02-2681
Supersedes PB-268484.
The manual gives revised procedures for Level 1 envi-
ronmental assessment biological tests, and super-
sedes the first edition, EPA-600/7-77-043 (NTIS No.
PB 268484), published in April 1977. The revised bio-
logical procedures complement the Level 1 chemical
and physical procedures published in October 1978 as
IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environmental
Assessment (Second Edition), EPA-600/7-78-201
(NTIS No. PB 293795). Level 1 is a screening phase
that identifies, categorizes, and ranks the pollutant po-
tential of influent and effluent streams from industrial
and energy-producing processes. The manual is a
guide to sampling and analysis professionals in plan-
ning and executing the bioassay portion of a phased
environmental source assessment program. The
manual gives the goals, strategies, and philosophy of a
phased approach to environmental assessment. It in-
troduces collection and pretest handling procedures
for environmental samples and the recommended
Level 1 biological test protocols used to analyze the
samples. Basic quality control procedures are dis-
cussed, as are possible bioassay procedures for
Levels 2 and 3.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Bioassays, "Sampling, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Assessments, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Toxici-
ty, Ecology, Chemical analysis, Solid wastes, Proce-
dures.
PB82-228974 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Final rept Sep 79-Aug 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Christopher P. Eppig, Richard P. de Filippi, and
Rosemary A. Murphy. Apr 82,116p EPA-600/2-82-067
Contract EPA-68-02-3185
The report gives results of a program to develop a
sound fundamental technical base for supercritical-
fluid regeneration of activated carbon applied to ad-
sorption of volatile organic compounds. The process is
based on using a supercritical fluid to desorb granular
activated carbon containing adsorbed vapor contami-
nants. The desorption is at high pressure, and is fol-
lowed by distillation of the fluid/adsorbate mixture at
subcritical conditions for removing contaminants and
recovering fluid solvent for recycle. Key unit operations
characterized were (1) desorption from the carbon
bed, and (2) distillation of the solvent/adsorbate solu-
tion. The process was characterized for both leaded
and unleaded gasoline vapors, representing contami-
nants from gasoline storage and distribution facilities;
and for ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) vapors,
representing many solvent finishing operations.
Keywords: 'Air poHution control, 'Activated carbon,
Recirculation, Desorption, Distillation, Ethyl alcohol,
Methyl ethyl ketone, Cost analysis, Operating costs,
Solvents, "Waste recycling, 'Supercritical fluids,
"Volatile organic compounds, Solid wastes.
PB82-229105 PC A05/MF A01
Perspectives on State-EPA Grant Activities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide? and Toxic Substances.
Helen Ketcham, and Len Koch. Sep 80,99p EPA-560/
13-80-037
This book contains synopses of the FY 1980 SEA's
(Stale/EPA Agreements) (available as of 5/15/80),
and Round I and II TSCA agreements by Region and
State. Also highlighted are some State concerns and
trends. More specific information on the SEA process
can be found in the Handbook for FY 1981 State/EPA
Agreements, or through the Regional SEA Coordina-
tors. As a brief bit of background on SEA's, Appendix 1
includes The Administrator's Guidance on FY '81
SEA's from the EPA Operating Year Guidance. TSCA
Section 28 information is available through the Region-
al Coordinators, or through this office. Appendix 2 re-
produces the Federal Register invitations for Section
28 cooperative agreements (both Rounds I and II). The
compendium will provide useful information to States
about each others' activities, encourage program co-
operation, and further inter-agency and intergovern-
mental information exchange about toxic substances
management
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, State govern-
ment, Management planning, *Toxic substances.
PB82-229170 PC A04/MF A01
Technology Assessment of Anaerobic Systems
for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: 1. Anaerobic
Fluidlzed Bed. 2. ANFLOW. Final rept. Aug 80-Aug
81,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James A. Heidman. Feb 82,59p EPA-600/2-82-004
This report discusses two developing technologies for
the treatment of municipal wastewaters. These tech-
nologies are anaerobic fluidized bed systems and an
anaerobic fixed-film bioreactor (ANFLOW). The report
discusses: available laboratory data on system per-
formance; fluidized bed expansion and voidage-veloci-
ty relationships; the influence of bacterial growth on
changes in fluidization characteristics; power require-
ments for fluidization; potential cost and energy sav-
December 1983 1313
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ings compared to activated sludge secondary treat-
ment plants; and provides estimates of anaerobic fluid-
ized bed treatment costs.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Anaerobic process-
es, *Fluidized bed processing, Solid waste disposal,
Sewage sludge. Sludge digestion, Technology assess-
ment, Performance evaluation, Design, Cost esti-
mates, Anaerobic fixed film bioreactor, ANFLO reac-
tor.
PB82-229287 PC A04/MF A01
Atmospheric Releases from Standardized Nuclear
Power Plants: A Wind Tunnel Study. Fluid modeling
rept no. 12,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Al W. Payne, and William H. Snyder. Apr 82,72p EPA-
600/3-82-035
Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate
radtopollutant effluents released to the atmosphere
from two standard design nuclear power plants. The
main objective of the study was to compare the disper-
sion in the wake of the standardized nuclear power
plants with that in a simulated atmospheric boundary
layer. A large meteorological wind tunnel was used to
simulate a suburban atmospheric boundary layer. The
model-prototype scale was 1:300 and the roughness
length was approximately 1.0 m full scale. The model
boundary layer simulated full scale dispersion from
ground level and elevated release points over surfaces
of comparable roughness length.
Keywords: Atmospheric diffusion, Radiation hazards,
Environmental impacts, Nuclear reactor accidents,
Urban areas. Wind tunnels, Simulation, Plumes, 'Ra-
dioactive effluents, 'Atmospheric dispersion, Light
water reactors, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB82-229360 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Determination of Effects of Ambient Conditions
on Aircraft Engine Emissions: Data Analysis and
Correction Factor Generation,
Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY.
Paul J. Donovan, William R. Fairchild, and Kenneth W.
Graves. Sep 77,194p EPA-460/3-77-019
Contract EPA-68-03-2159
This report presents a set of correction factors for vari-
ations in turbine aircraft HC, CO, NOX and smoke
emissions due to non-standard day ambient tempera-
ture, pressure and humidity developed for the United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Michigan. These correction factors are based on data
from three EPA-sponsored full-scale engine tests, two
EPA-sponsored combustor rig tests, and additional
data solicited from industry sources. Key correlating
parameters in this analysis were combustor inlet tem-
perature, combustor inlet pressure, and ambient hu-
midity. The correction factors have been developed
using a multiple least squares regression analysis ap-
proach using functional emissions models based upon
theoretical considerations and an extensive review of
current ambient effects literature. Emphasis has been
placed upon relating correction factor coefficients
within a general engine dass to various operating
characteristics of each individual engine.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Aircraft
engines. Gas turbine engines, Turboprop engines, Tur-
bojet engines, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Tables(Data), Least squares method,
Mathematical modete, 'Aircraft exhaust, EPA smoke
number, Numerical solution.
PB82-229378 PC A17
Air Quality Data for Non-Criteria Pollutants -1957
through 1970. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 77.376p EPA-450/2-77-20
This report presents a comprehensive inventory of
data produced by analysis of N-vol filters for trace
metals and inorganic ions for 1957-1970. This invento-
ry is based on data acquired through extensive moni-
toring activities conducted by Federal, State, and local
pollution control agencies and submitted to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's National Aerome-
tric Data Bank.
1314 Vol. 83, No. 26
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Inorganic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion, Ions, Inventories, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality data.
PB82-229402 PC A11 /MF A01
Air Pollution: Proceedings of the Meeting of the
Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modeling (4th),
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
K. L. Calder. May 73,249p NATO/CCMS-30
NATO furnished. See also PB81 -244840.
The primary objective of the fourth meeting of the
NATO/CCMS Expert Panel on Air Pollution Modeling
was to stimulate maximum informal exchange of tech-
nical information on several topics currently consid-
ered to be of major interest and importance in air qual-
ity simulation modeling. This document provides a brief
summary of the several workshop discussions and the
introductory remarks of the chairmen of the sessions,
together with some papers that were prepared as
back-up information for the workshops. The work-
shops and papers addressed these topics: Applica-
tions of modeling and users' needs, validation of air
quality simulation models, role of regional air pollution
studies in model development, the role of empirical
statistical modeling of air quality, and simplicity versus
sophistication in air quality modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Meetings, 'Foreign technology, 'Air quality.
PB82-229477 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Benthos Investigations: Sediment Boxes or Natu-
ral Bottom. Journal article,
Texas Univ. at Austin, Port Aransas. Marine Science
Inst
R. Wan-en Pint, Thomas W. Duke, and Richard D.
Kalke. c1982,11 p EPA-600/J-82-031
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 28 p257-265
1982.
Structure and biomass of two sets of benthic test sys-
tems-one colonized in the laboratory, the other on an
estuarine bottom-were compared to structure and bio-
mass of a community from a natural estuarine bottom.
According to cluster analysis of the species from each
system, the laboratory-colonized samples were most
different from the other groups (60% dissimilarity level)
whereas field-colonized and natural-bottom groups
were more similar (40% dissimilarity level). Total den-
sity and biomass were greatest in the field-colonized
samples, and least in the laboratory group. However,
size of individuals of dominant fauna showed that the
natural bottom supported more biomass per individual
than the field-colonized group. The authors concluded
that if sediment boxes were to be used to mimic the
natural benthos, then the best experimental approach
was to employ sediment boxes colonized in the field
contrasted to boxes colonized in the laboratory.
Keywords: 'Benthos, Aquatic, Biomass, Estuaries,
Sediments, Comparison, In vitro analysis, Reprints.
PB82-229485 PC A03/MF A01
A Computer Interface for a Peridn-Elmer 5000
Atomic Absorption Instrument,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Jun 82,41 p EPA-600/4-82-050
This document contains a detailed description of an
ASCII Character Buffer Interface designed to store and
forward serial ASCII data received from an EIA RS-
232C Interface. The particular application described
herein concerns a Perkin-Elmer Model 5000 Atomic
Absorption instrument transmitting ASCII data to the
Data General EPA Laboratory Automation System.
The interface is a part of a larger atomic absorption
computer automation system which is currently in op-
eration at the Environmental Protection Agency, Envi-
ronmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincin-
nati. Software has been developed on the multi-user
Baste language system for atomic absorption instru-
ment applications. Applications include 'on line' data
reduction, quality control, report generation and
sample file control. The interface, however, may be
used in any application involving the need to store and
forward ASCII information.
Keywords: 'Atomic spectroscopy, "Absorption spec-
tra, Laboratory equipment Environmental surveys,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Computer ap-
plications.
PB82-229493 PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Consumption Rates of Potentially Hazardous
Marine Fish Caught in the Metropolitan Los Ange-
les Area. Final rept,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Harold W. Puffer, Stanley P. Azen, Marysia J. Duda,
and David R. Young. Jun 82,44p EPA-600/3-82-070
Grant EPA-R-807-120010
This report presents the results of a 1980 survey in the
Los Angeles metropolitan area to assess the con-
sumption rates of potentially hazardous marine fish
and shellfish by local, non-professional fishermen; to
identify population subgroups having a significantly
large consumption rate; and to estimate the size of the
population potentially exposed to harmful pollutants.
The results of this study represent the first phase in the
evaluation of the potential hazard to humans by con-
sumption of marine fish and shellfish from polluted
water in the harbor and coastal regions of Los Angeles
County.
Keywords: 'Food consumption, 'Contamination,
'Fishes, 'Shellfish, California, Surveys, Estimates, Ex-
posure, Public health, Humans, Hazards, Water pollu-
tion, Los Angeles(Califomia).
PB82-229527 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Environmental Impact Statement Wastewater
Treatment Facilities, Little Rock (Adams Field),
Arkansas. Final rept.
Little Rock Wastewater Utility, AR.
Jun 82,82p EPA-906/9-82-007
Grant EPA-C-05-0490-1
The Environmental Impact Statement has been pre-
pared concurrently with the 201 facilities plan for the
Adams Field/Little Maumelle Facilities Planning Area.
EPA's preferred alternative is to expand the Adams
Field Wastewater Treatment Plant, evaluate additional
interceptor alignment alternatives along Fourche
Creek, and continue to use septic tank systems on
sites having suitable soils in the Little Maumelle Valley.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Upgrading, Sewers, Public
health, Odors, Construction, Septic tanks, Aeration
tanks, Settling, Pumps, Water pollution, Arkansas,
Little Rock(Arkansas), 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB82-2297S8 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Thirty-Day Reid Tests of Industrial Boilers: Site 5
- Gas-Fired Low-NOx Burner. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar
80,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
W. A. Carter, and H. J. Buening. May 81,162p KVB-11 -
6015-1233, EPA-600/7-81-095A
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB82-229766.
This is a final report on a test program to evaluate the
long-term effectiveness of combustion modifications
on industrial boilers. During previous programs, short-
term tests were performed on industrial boilers to de-
termine the effect of combustion modifications on air
pollutant emissions such as NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and
particulates. The objective of this program was to de-
termine if the combustion modification techniques
which were effective for short-duration tests are feasi-
ble for a longer period. The report gives results of a 30-
day field test of a 24.9 MW (85,000 Ib steam/hr) water
tube boiler with low-NOx burners. The 30-day test was
conducted with the unit firing natural gas. The mean
NO emission level was 33 ng/J with a geometric dis-
persion of 1.12 at the high load condition.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Revisions, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Particles, Field tests.
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-229766 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-Day Field Tests of Industrial Boilers: Site 6
- Gas-Fired Fire-Tub* Boiler. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar
80,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MM.
W. A. Carter, and H. J. Buening. May 81,168p KVB-11 -
6017-1266, EPA-600/7-81-095B
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB82-229758, and PB80-219520.
This is a final report on a test program to evaluate the
long-term effectiveness of combustion modifications
on industrial boilers. During previous programs, short-
term tests were performed on industrial boilers to de-
termine the effect of combustion modifications on air
pollutant emissions such as NOx, SOx, CO, HC, and
particulates. The objective of this program was to de-
termine if combustion modification techniques which
were effective for short-duration tests are feasible for a
longer period. The report gives results of a long-dura-
tion field test of a 200-hp fire-tube boiler using low
excess air as the NOx control technology. The field
test was conducted with the unit firing natural gas and
with the normal duty cycle. The mean NO level for the
24-day test was 29.5 ng/J with a geometric dispersion
of 1.05.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Revisions, Field tests.
PB82-229782 PC A05/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
A Quid* to Clean and Efficient Operation of Coal-
Stoker-Fired Boilers. User Manual Jun 77-Dec 80,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
P. L Langsjoen. May 81,76p KVB-4-15900-560, EPA-
600/8-81-016
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01-2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA.
The report is a guide for those in charge of operating
coal-stoker-fired boilers. It explains and illustrates the
types of coal-fired stokers in operation today. It ex-
plains the combustion process in simple terms. It ex-
plains the various heat losses in stoker boilers. And, it
discusses ways in which coal-stoker-fired boilers may
be operated at peak efficiency and with minimum pol-
lutant emissions. Included are step-by-step instruc-
tions for optimizing excess air levels. The guidelines
are based on the findings of an extensive coal-stoker
test program cofunded by the American Boiler Manu-
facturers Association (ABMA), the U.S. Department of
Energy, and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
Keywords: 'Boilers, "Stokers, *Air pollution control,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Guidelines.
PB82-229790 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Technology Assessment of Solar Thermal Energy
Applications in Wastewater Treatment Final rept.
May80-Aug81.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Feb 82,112p EPA-600/2-82-006
Contract EPA-68-03-2775
Three major areas were identified for which solar ther-
mal energy usage has potential applicability in Publicly
Owned Treatment Works. These areas include space
and domestic water heating, anaerobic digester heat-
ing, and sludge drying. The report contains a detailed
analysis of solar heating of anaerobic digesters utiliz-
ing an active solar energy (flat-plate collector) system.
A present worth cost-effectiveness analysis was per-
formed whereby the present worth of the anaerobic di-
gester gas conserved was compared to the present
worth of the solar energy collection system. Based on
the analysis, solar-aided anaerobic digester heating
proved uneconomical at all locations within the United
States. A sensitivity analysis was performed to deter-
mine which variable had the greatest effect on the cost
analysis. Variables considered included collector
system price per unit area, annual operations and
maintenance cost, fuel escalation cost factor, and per-
cent solids in digester feed. The analysis indicated that
the collector system cost was the most sensitive item.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Sludge drying, Anaero-
bic processes, Space heating, Potable water, Cost
analysis, Technology assessment, 'Solar process
heat, Solar space heating, Solar water heating, Anaer-
obic digestion.
PB82-229931 PC E03/MF A01
Lake Michigan Intensive Survey 1976-1977 Man-
agement Report Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Robert J. Bowden, James R. Clark, David S. DeVault,
III, David M. Lueck, and Madonna F. McGrath. Aug 81,
69p EPA-905/4-80-003B
Includes five sheets of 42X reduction microfiche. See
also PB81-196636.
The purpose of the executive summary is to present
the major findings of the Lake Michigan Intensive
Survey 1976-1977. This report includes the recom-
mendations drawn from the Intensive Survey Data.
The recommendations cover three areas and are brief-
ly summarized as follows: (1) Toxic monitoring pro-
grams should continue to be implemented on a basis
to determine effectiveness of remedial activities. (2)
Nutrient monitoring strategy should be modified to im-
prove the ability to predict long term effects of the
phosphorus control remedial programs. (3) Expansion
of current knowledge in several significant new prob-
lem areas is recommended.
Keywords: 'Cyanophyta, 'Water pollution control,
Lake Michigan, Toxicity, Monitoring, Nutrients,
Sodium, Phosphorus, Fishes, Management, Coliform
bacteria, Surveys.
PB82-2299S6 PC A99/MF A01
Wood Preservative Pesticides Creosote, Pentach-
lorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenlcals (Wood
Uses) Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 82,906p EPA-540/9-82-004
Errata sheet inserted.
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) of products containing the above chemical.
The responses by EPA to comments on the prelimi-
nary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel
and the United States Department of Agriculture are
contained in the document. A bibliography of citations
used in this final determination is also provided.
Keywords: 'Wood preservatives, 'Pesticides, 'Creo-
sote, 'Arsenic inorganic compounds, Chemistry, Expo-
sure, Public health, Risk, Regulations, Revisions, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Economic analysis, 'Phenol/
pentachloro.
PB82-230293 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Co-Gasification of Denslfied Sludge and Solid
Waste in a Downdraft Gasifler. Final rept. 7 Aug 78-
7 Feb 81,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
S. A. Vigil, and G. Tchobanoglous. Mar 82,128p EPA-
600/2-82-047
Grant EPA-R-805703
Thermal gasification, the subject of this report, is a
new process f9r the OMlisposal of densified sewage
sludge and solid waste in a co-current flow, fixed bed
reactor (also called a dpwndrafl gasifier). The advan-
tages of this technology include lower costs than other
sewage sludge incineration of pyrolysis technologies,
simple construction and the ability to use a variety of
fuels including agriculture wastes and other biomass
materials. Essentially the gasification process involves
the partial combustion of a carbonaceous fuel to gen-
erate a low energy combustible gas and a char. Oper-
ationally fuel flow is by gravity with air and fuel moving
co-currently through the reactor. The low energy gas
produced is primarily carbon monoxide, hydrogen and
nitrogen and trace amounts of methane and other hy-
drocarbons. Demonstrating that a suitable gasifier fuel
could be made with a simple front end system consist-
ing of source separation of solid waste, sludge dewa-
tering, and fuel densrfication was an object of this
project. The fuel cubes produced for this project were
about equal in energy content to wood (Douglas Fir
21.05 MJ/kg, fuel cubes 19MJ/kg).
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Fuels, Technology,
Pyrolysis, Water pollution control, Feasibility, Design,
Performance evaluation, 'Thermal gasification,
'Sewage sludge, Co-disposal processes, Refuse de-
rived fuels, Packed bed.
PB82-230301 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot Scale Evaluation of Biological Activated
Carbon for the Removal of THM Precursors. Final
rept. 1 Sep 78-30 Nov 81,
North Texas State Univ., Denton. Inst. of Applied Sci-
ences.
William H. Glaze. Mar 82,183p EPA-600/2-82-046
Grant EPA-R-806157
This project evaluates a method for the removal of tri-
halomethane (THM) precursors from surface water
sources. A pilot plant was operated for 80 weeks to
test the combination of ozone and granular activated
carbon (GAC). This combination is sometimes referred
to as biological activated carbon (BAG). An important
objective was to investigate the possibility of microbio-
logical degradation of THM precursors in the GAC col-
umns and the effect of preozonation on this process.
Analysis of the pilot plant data shows microbiological
activity to be a significant contributor to the removal of
total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalomethane forma-
tion potential (THMFP) in GAC columns under the con-
ditions tested. Comparison of costs associated with
the addition of GAC and BAC to traditional water treat-
ment plants of 100-, 10-, and 1-mgd capacities shows
that, for the conditions of this study, the addition of
ozone was not cost effective in extending the time be-
tween reactivations of the GAC.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Activated carbon, 'Ozonation, Cost analysis,
Potable water, Pilot plants, Microbiology, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation. Revisions, 'Methanes,
'Granular activated carbon, Biological processes.
PB82-230319 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Secondary Environmental Impacts
of Urban Runoff Pollution Control,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl.
Kathryn R. Huibregtse, and Anthony Geinopolos. Mar
82,123p* EPA-600/2-82-045
Contract EPA-68-03-2574
This report presents a generalized evaluation of the
impacts associated with different urban stormwater
runoff (UR) treatment techniques. The report address-
es the definition of the problem, estimates the volume
and characteristics of the UR and the sludges expect-
ed, evaluates six methods of UR sludge treatment, and
examines alternatives and impacts for UR treatment
sludge handling such as bleed/pump-back to the dry-
weather plant, and land disposal. Regarding bleed/
pump-back of UR sludges, solids deposition in sewers
and overload to the dry-weather plant, and land dis-
posal. Regarding bleed/pump-back of UR sludges,
solids deposition in sewers and overload to the dry-
weather facilities are anticipated to cause problems.
The most cost-effective sjudge treatment alternative
appeared to be lime stabilization followed by thicken-
ing, pressure filter dewatering, and landfill disposal.
Secondary impacts included costs, water quality,
noise, energy consumption, air pollution, and land area
requirements.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Environmental impacts, 'Urban
areas, Sewage treatment, Sludge, Droughts, Materials
handling, Calcium oxides, Dewatering, Noise pollution,
Air pollution, Land use, Cost effectiveness, Thicken-
ing, Earth fills, 'Storm water runoff, Land application.
PB82-230327 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Virus from Public Water Supplies.
Final rept Oct 76-Oct 79,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
John T. O'Connor, Louis Hemphill, and C. Dallas
Reach, Jr. Mar 82,174p EPA-600/2-82-024
Grant EPA-R-804903
The objectives of the research were to quantitatively
determine naturally occurring human enterovirus
December 1983 1315
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
levels in a raw drinking water source and to determine
the capability of various water treatment unit process-
es to remove and/or destroy these viruses. Using
batches of Missouri River water, the study determined
the effectiveness of the water disinfectants; chlorine,
chloramine, chlorine dioxide and ozone, in inactivating
naturally occurring enterovirus. An evaluation of the ef-
fectiveness of individual physical removal processes,
independently, for the removal of virus was made.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'viruses, 'Missouri
River, Potable water, Pilot plants. Disinfection, Chlo-
rine oxides, Ozone, Chlorine,
Concentration(Composition), 'Chemical treatment
Chloramine, Lexington(Missouri).
PB82-230335 PC A04/MF A01
Technology Assessment of the Vertical Well
Chemical Reactor. Final rept Aug 80-Aug 81,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Jeremiah J. McCarthy. Feb 82,63p EPA-600/2-82-005
This report assesses a promising new technology
which utilizes the well known wet combustion process
to treat high strength organic wastes. Because of its
unique configuration, the technology labeled the verti-
cal well chemical reactor (VWCR) has the potential to
oxidize these wastes more safely and more economi-
cally. The report describes how the VWCR works, ana-
lyzes its development to date, evaluates the technolo-
gy it uses and makes preliminary cost and energy esti-
mates. The report compares the VWCR to equivalent
technologies and makes an assessment of its poten-
tial national impact
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Sludge disposal, Chemical reactors, Design crite-
ria, Technology, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Op-
erating costs. Water pollution control, 'Vertical wail
chemical reactors, Wet methods.
PB82-230459 PC A07/MF A01
Research Outlook 1982.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
Apr 82,135p EPA-600/9-82-006
See also PB81 -243495.
This edition is a five-year strategy document which de-
scribes how the EPA research program plans to ad-
dress major issues. Each chapter relates to the re-
search applicable to a segment of the Agency's regu-
latory program. Within each chapter, an introduction
defines the area of concern, a section on legislated re-
sponstoifities indicates the laws which engender the
research program and the body discusses major gaps
in scientific and technical knowledge and how they are
to be filled to assure a cost-effective regulatory pro-
gram. The chapters also present selected milestones
which indicate the timing of important segments of the
research program and resource options for conditions
of high, moderate and no growth. These growth sce-
narios are intended to indicate potential program in-
creases in the Agency's research and development
The chapters in the report are: Energy, Hazardous Air
Pollutants, Gases and Particles. Oxktants, Mobile
Sources, Pesticides, Radiation, Toxic Chemical Test-
ing and Assessment Hazardous Wastes, Superfund,
Drinking Water, Water Quality, Industrial Wastewater,
Municipal Wastewater.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Environmental surveys.
Energy, Air pollution, Radioactive contaminants, Pesti-
cides, Potable water, Water quality. Water pollution.
Waste water. Industrial wastes. Hazardous materials.
Management planning, Sewage treatment effluents.
PB82-230608 PC A1S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
FtoM Testa of Industrial Coal Stoker Fired Bokers
for Inorganic Trace Element and Potynudear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbon Emissions. Final rept Aug 77-
Nov79,
KVB, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
J. O. Burfrwame. J. E Gabrielson. P. L Langsjoen,
and W. M. Cooke. Oct 81,349p EPA-600/7-81 -167
Contract DOE-EF-77-C-01 -2609
Sponsored in part by American Boiler Manufacturers
Association, Arlington, VA. Prepared in cooperation
with Battelle Columbus Labs., Columbus, OH.
The report gives results of 23 tests for 21 polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 74 inorganic trace
elements in the effluent of 11 coal stoker fired boilers.
The results were obtained from data gathered by anal-
ysis of the catch collected from the Source Assess-
ment Sampling System (SASS) train, for collection of
paniculate and volatile matter in addition to gaseous
samples. SASS tests were conducted in accordance
with EPA Level 1 guidelines, which provide only prelim-
inary emissions data, to help identify problem areas. In
addition to test results, the report describes the facili-
ties tested, coals fired, test equipment and proce-
dures, analytical procedures involved for organic and
inorganic analysis, and data reduction.
Keywords: 'Stokers, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, 'Trace elements, 'Inorganic compounds, 'Air
pollution, Field tests, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Sampling, Coal, Particles, Gas anal-
ysis, Concentration(Cornposition), Chemical analysis,
'Air pollution sampling, Source assessment sampling
systems.
PB82-230616 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Harrington Station Unit 2 Fabric Fitter System
Special Testing Report Final rept Dec 78-Jul 81,
Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarillo, TX.
Kenneth Ladd, Olon Plunk, Steve Thurman, Larry
Pinson, and Leo Fajardo. Oct 81,153p EPA-600/7-81 -
168
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
The report gives results of a special test program to
determine mass emissions of particulate, SO2, and
NOx from a large utility baghouse controlling emis-
sions from a boiler firing low-sulfur Western coal. The
tests verified that NOx emissions, measured by EPA
Method 7, were not significantly affected by the bagh-
ouse. Emissions of SO2 measured consistently below
the New Source Performance Standard of 1.2 Ib/mil-
lion Btu at a level of about 0.8 Ib/million Btu. Particu-
late tests indicated an average emission rate of 0.028
Ib/million Btu. Overall test results indicate that South-
western's Harrington Station, using low-sulfur and low-
ash Western coal, can operate consistently within all
applicable mass emission rates while using a fabric
filter for air quality control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Particles, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Air filters, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products. Performance evaluation, 'Fabric fil-
ters, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air quality, Baghouses.
PB82-230624 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
AcHpto Acid-Enhanced Lime and Limestone Test-
Ing at the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility.
Volume 1. Final rept Jul 78-Mar 81,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
Shin-Chung Wang, and Dewey Burbank. Mar 82,375p
EPA-600/7-82-010A
Contract EPA-68-02-3114
See also Volume 2, PB82-230632. Sponsored in part
by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The report gives results of an advanced test program
on a prototype lime/limestone wet-scrubbing test facil-
ity for removing SO2 and particulates from coal-fired
boiler flue gases. Major effort during the tests was con-
centrated on evaluating adipic acid as an additive for
enhancing SO2 removal efficiency. Results show that
adipic acid can substantially improve the performance
of limestone spray towers or turbulent contacting ab-
sorbers. SO2 removals greater than 90% and reliable
scrubber operation were demonstrated in four long-
term (greater than 1 month) limestone runs. The opti-
mum pH was determined to be about 5.1 with the addi-
tive, compared to 5.5-6.0 without Because of the
lower operating pH, limestone utilization was signifi-
cantly improved, and tests showed lower limestone
consumption and reduced waste solids production
with the additive. Consequently, both capital and oper-
ating costs for an adipic acid enhanced limestone
system are estimated to be 5% lower than for a con-
ventional system. The improved limestone utilization
also contributes to reliable scrubber operation, thus re-
ducing maintenance costs. Mathematical models were
derived which correlate the SO2 removal performance
as a function of operating parameters such as gas and
slurry flow rate, pH, and adipic acid concentration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Adipic
acid, Rue gases, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Calcium oxides, Boil-
ers, Cost analysis, Additives, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Mathematical models, 'Limestone
scrubbing, 'Alkaline scrubbing.
PB82-230632 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Adipic Acid-Enhanced Lime and Limestone Test-
Ing at the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility.
Volume 2: Appendices. Final rept. Jul 78-Mar 81,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
Shih-Chung Wang, and Dewey Burbank. Mar 82,474p
EPA-600/7-82-010B
Contract EPA-68-02-3114
See also Volume 1, PB82-230624. Sponsored in part
by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The report gives results of an advanced test program
on a prototype lime/limestone wet-scrubbing test facil-
ity for removing SO2 and particulates from coal-fired
boiler flue gases. Major effort during the tests was con-
centrated on evaluating adipic acid as an additive for
enhancing SO2 removal efficiency. Results show that
adipic acid can substantially improve the performance
of limestone spray towers or turbulent contacting ab-
sorbers. S02 removals greater than 90% and reliable
scrubber operation were demonstrated in four long-
term (greater than 1 month) limestone runs. The opti-
mum pH was determined to be about 5.1 with the addi-
tive, compared to 5.5-6.0 without Because of the
lower operating pH, limestone utilization was signifi-
cantly improved, and tests showed lower limestone
consumption arid reduced waste solids production
with the additive. Consequently, both capital and oper-
ating costs for an adipic acid enhanced limestone
system are estimated to be 5% lower than for a con-
ventional system. The improved limestone utilization
also contributes to reliable scrubber operation, thus re-
ducing maintenance costs. Mathematical models were
derived which correlate the SO2 removal performance
as a function of operating parameters such as gas and
slurry flow rate, pH, and adipic acid concentration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Adipic
acid, Flue gases. Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Scrubbing,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Mathematical models, Boilers, Cost analy-
sis, Calcium oxides, 'Limestone scrubbing, 'Alkaline
scrubbing.
PB82-230715 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Fuel Properties and AtomlzaUon Pa-
rameters on NOx Control for Heavy Liquid Fuel
Fired Package Boilers. Final rept Jan 77-Jan 79,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Santa
Ana,CA.
G. C. England, D. W. Pershing, M. P. Heap, and J. E.
Cfchanowicz. Apr 82,450p EPA-600/7-82-029
Contract EPA-68-02-2624
The report gives information necessary for develop-
ment and generalization of tow-NOx oil burner technol-
ogy for package firetube boilers. It gives results of ex-
periments at two scales: 20 kW and 1.08 MW heat
input At 20 kW, effects of fuel properties were exam-
ined in tests of 3 distillate oils, 13 petroleum-derived
residual fuel oils, 3 alternate liquid fuels, and 14 doped
and/or blended liquid fuels. The tests included sys-
tematic variation of excess air and drop size distribu-
tion, normal and staged combustion conditions, and
separation of fuel NOx from total NOx. At 1.08 MW, ex-
periments concentrated on the interaction between
spray characteristics and the combustion aerodynamic
fkjwfiekJ. Spray characteristics were varied by using
different commercial atomizing nozzles and by adjust-
ing nozzle operating conditions. Combustion flowfield
was varied by modifying the swirl level on the combus-
tion air.
Keywords: 'Fire tube boilers, 'Residual oils, 'Air pollu-
tion, Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products, Atomiz-
ing, Drops(Liquids), Air pollution control.
PB82-230723 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
1316 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reactive Plume Model-RPM-ll: User's Guide. Final
rept Aug 77-Jul 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Douglas Stewart, Mark A. Yocke, and Mei-Kao Liu.
Dec81,182p EPA-600/8-81-021
Contract EPA-68-02-2775
The Reactive Plume Model (RPM-II) is a computerized
model used primarily for estimating short-term concen-
trations of primary and secondary pollutants resulting
from point-source emissions. Two main features of the
model are (1) its chemical kinetic mechanism, which
explicitly solves the numerous non-linear chemical re-
actions associated with NOx, ozone, and hydrocarbon
cycles, and (2) the horizontal resolution within the
plume, which offers a more realistic treatment of the
entrainment process. The user's guide discusses the
formulation of RPM-II, the uses of RPM-II, and the nec-
essary and optional input requirements. Several
sample data sets and model printouts are included to
illustrate the model's flexibility. A complete program
listing is also included for the user's convenience.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models. Re-
action kinetics, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Hydrocar-
bons, Computer programs,
Concentration(Composition), 'Reactive plume
models, 'Point sources, Chemical reaction mecha-
PB82-230798 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research
Park, NC.
A Comparative Evaluation of Seven Automated
Ambient Nonmethane Organic Compound Analyz-
ers. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Frederick W. Sexton, Raymond M. Michie, Jr., Frank F.
McElroy, and Vinson L. Thompson. Jun 82,102p EPA-
600/4-82-046
Contracts EPA-68-02-3222, EPA-68-02-3431
Automated hydrocarbon analyzers representing both
conventional and state-of-the-art methods for ambient
hydrocarbon monitoring were tested to evaluate their
performance, comparability, and reliability under typi-
cal monitoring conditions. The resulting data and the
statistical evaluation of those data are summarized
and discussed. The test site and support equipment
utilized during the study are also described, as are the
quality control measures implemented to ensure the
accuracy of the data collected. The analyzers that
were evaluated were the Beckman 6800 Air Quality
Chromatograph, Bendix 8201 Reactive Hydrocarbon
Analyzer, Mine Safety Appliance 11-2 Methane/Non-
Methane Monitor, Meloy HC 500-2C FID Hydrocarbon
Analyzer, Byron 404 NMVO Analyzer, HNU PI 201
Photoionization Monitor, and the Baseline 1030A Gas
Chromatograph.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Organic compounds, 'Air
pollution, Hydrocarbons, Monitoring, Performance
evaluation, Sites, Comparison, 'Air pollution detection,
State of the art.
PB82-230889 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Vlrlon Aggregation and Disinfection of Water by
Chlorine and Bromine. Final rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
G. Gordon Sharp. Mar 82,122p* EPA-600/2-82-022
Grant EPA-R-804587
The state of aggregation among virions suspended in
water was measured and quantitatively characterized
by several methods developed in this research. All un-
purified virus suspensions contained some aggregates
and all of them contained half or more singles. Stable
purified suspensions of single virions without detecta-
ble aggregation were prepared and used for compari-
son of motivation kinetics of several viruses under a
variety of conditions. All of the viruses tested tended to
aggregate at acid pH, but the pH below which aggrega-
tion began was quite different for different viruses. All
the viruses tended to aggregate at low ionic strength,
but the kind of salt or buffer present strongly influ-
enced the rate of aggregation at a given pH and tem-
perature.
Keywords: 'Bromine, 'Chlorine, 'Disinfection, 'Water
treatment, 'Viruses, Agglomeration, Pofoviruses, Ki-
netics, ECHO viruses, Reoviruses, Coxsackie viruses,
Ultraviolet radiation, Concentration(Composition), pH,
Temperature, Ions, Buffers, Inorganic salts.
PB82-23090S PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fluldized-Bed Combustion Technology Overview.
Final rept. Dec 79-Dec 80,
GCACorp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
T. E. Dowdy, M. G. Klett, L. N. Rubow, R. G. Seth, and
John 0. Milliken. Apr 81,155p EPA-600/7-81 -074
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
Prepared in cooperation with Gilbert Associates,
Reading, PA.
The report reviews fluidized-bed combustion (FBC)
technology development through 1979, specifying the
work of governmental agencies and individual investi-
gators, highlighting key technical issues, and docu-
menting the current degree of FBC commercialization.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Air pollution
control, Boilers, Reviews, Reviewing, Technology as-
sessment, Fluidized bed combustion, State of the art
PB82-230913 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development and Demonstration of Concepts for
Improving Coke-Oven Door Seals. Final rept. Aug
76-Way 81,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. O. Hoffman, A. T. Hopper, and R. L. Paul. Apr 82,
112p EPA-600/2-82-066
Contracts EPA-68-02-2173, EPA-68-02-3169
See also PB-286 628. Sponsored in part by American
Iron and Steel Inst., Washington, DC.
The report discusses the design, laboratory scale
tests, construction, and field tests of an improved
metal-to-metal seal for coke-oven end doors. Basic
features of the seal are: high-strength temperature-re-
sistant steel capable of 3 times the deflection of cur-
rent seals without permanent deformation; no backup
springs and plungers and the attendant requirement
for manual inservice adjustments; seal installed to
conform to the jamb profile; seal lip height reduced to
give 8 times the inplane flexibility; and compatibility
with existing coke batteries and door handling ma-
chines.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Ovens, 'Seals, 'Air pollution
control, Iron and steel industry, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Revisions, Field tests, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB82-230921 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot-Scale Assessment of Conventional Particu-
late Control Technology for Pressurized Fluld-
Ized-Bed Combustion Emissions. Final rept. Mar
79^Jun 80,
Acurex Corp., Morrisville, NC.
W. O. Lipscomb, III, S. R. Malanni, C. L. Stanley, and S.
P. Schliesser. Apr 82,132p EPA-600/7-82-028
Contract EPA-68-02-2646
The report gives results of an evaluation of electrostat-
ic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter paniculate control
technology for the EPA/Exxon pressurized fluidized-
bed combustion (PFBC) Miniplant in Linden, NJ. EPA's
mobile ESP and fabric filter pilot facilities were slip-
streamed downstream of the Miniplant's tertiary cy-
clone to simulate the flue gas stream exiting a PFBC
combined-cycle gas turbine. Results presented in-
clude control-device operating characteristics and per-
formance based on mass and fractional collection effi-
ciencies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Fluidized
bed processors, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Perform-
ance evaluation, Scrubbers, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Cost analysis, Mathematical models,
Aerosols, 'Fabric fitters, Venturi scrubbers.
PB82-230939 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Volatilization of Organic Pollutants from Water.
Final rept. Aug 77-Npv 80,
Toronto Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry.
Donald Mackay, Wan Yang Shiu, Alice Bobra, Jim
Billington, and Eva Chau. Apr 82,212p EPA-600/3-82-
019
GrantEPA-R-80515
The volatilization of organic environmental contami-
nants from water bodies to the atmosphere was inves-
tigated. The general aim was to elucidate the factors
that control the volatilization process and develop pre-
dictive methods for calculating volatilization rates for
various compounds from rivers, lakes and other water
bodies under various conditions of temperature and
wind speed. The report contains both theoretical and
experimental studies and a comprehensive review of
the equilibrium physical chemistry and thermodynam-
ics of systems involving hydrophobic organic solutes
and water. A result of the thermodynamic analysis is
the development of the fugacity approach for calculat-
ing multi-phase equilibria applicable to environmental
partitioning. The approach can also be applied to cal-
culating multi-resistance transfer as may occur in
lakes. Correlations are developed for predicting or
checking consistency of data for aqueous solubility,
vapor pressure, Henry's law constant and octanol-
water partition coefficient.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, Thermody-
namics, Chemical equilibrium, Solubility, Vapor pres-
sure, Henrys law, Organic compounds, Mass transfer,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air-water interfaces,
Numerical solution.
PB82-230947 PC A10/MF A01
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Ambient Perchloroethylene Levels Inside Coin-
Operated Laundries with Drycleaning Machines
on the Premises. Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Stephen J. Howie, and L. A. Elfers. Oct 81,203p EPA-
600/4-82-032
Contract EPA-68-02-2722
In this study, ambient perchloroethylene (PERC) levels
were measured inside and in the vicinity of six self
serve laundries containing coin-type dry cleaning oper-
ations. Inside two of the laundries, evaluations of or-
ganic vapor monitoring badges were performed in ad-
dition to the basic monitoring effort. Special tests were
conducted during this study to measure PERC emis-
sions from dry cleaned clothing and to measure PERC
levels in an apartment above one of the tested laun-
dries.
Keywords: *Dry cleaning, *Air pollution, Sampling,
Monitoring, Field tests, Sites, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Ethyl-
ene/perchloro, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Indoor air pol-
lution.
PB82-231077 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Industrial Boiler Combustion Modification NOx
Controls. Volume I: Environmental Assessment
Final rept Jan 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
K. J. Lim, C. Castaldini, and H. P. Lips. Jul 81,393p
EPA-600/7-81-126A
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also PB82-231085, and PB82-231093.
The report gives results of an environmental assess-
ment of combustion modification techniques for coal-,
oil-, and gas-fired industrial boilers, with respect to
NOx control reduction effectiveness, operational
impact, thermal efficiency impact, capital and annua-
lized operating costs, and effect on emissions of pollu-
taants other than NOx. Major industrial boiler design
types and equipment trends are reviewed. Currently
available control techniques can reduce NOx 10-25%
for coal- and residual-oil-fired boilers, and 40-70% for
distillate-oil- and gas-fired units with minimal adverse
operating impacts. Controls should increase steam
costs by only 1-2%, but the initial investment required
could be significant, up to 20% on a new boiler and
easily up to 40% on a retrofit. Detailed Level 1 tests on
two stoker-coal-fired boilers indicate that combustion
modification reduces the potential environmental
hazard of the source by lowering NOx emissions, with-
out significant effect on the emissions of other pollut-
ants.
December 1983 1317
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides. Assessments, Revisions, Cost analysis,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products.
PB82-231085 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Industrial Boiler Combustion Modification NOx
Controls. Volume It: Stoker-Coal-Fired Boiler Field
Test - Site A. Final root Jul 78-Jul 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Dtv.
P. M. Goldberg, and E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,182p
EPA-600/7-81-126B
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also PB82-231077, and PB82-231093.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at an industrial site.
The aim of the program was to measure multimedia
emissions changes as a result of applying NOx con-
trols. Emissions of trace elements, organic materials,
sulfur species, SO2, NOx, CO, and particulate metter
were measured. These emissions, under normal and
controlled (for NOx) operating conditions, were com-
pared. Source operating data were also analyzed so
that changes in operating parameters and efficiency
could be assessed. This unit is a spreader-stoker coal-
fired boiler rated at 38 kg/s (300,000 Ib/hr) of steam.
The fuel tested was low-sulfur coal. High overfire air
firingjconstant overall air flow) was used for NOx con-
trol. These measures reduced NOx by about 10% from
baseline. Increased overfire air levels also improved
boiler efficiency. These tests lasted about 5 hours;
long-term operation under test conditions was not ad-
dressed in this program. Test results suggest that ap-
plying combustion modification NOx controls in-
creased particulate and organic emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Boilers, 'Stokers, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Particles, Organic compounds. Field tests, Design cri-
teria.
PB82-231093 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. ^_
Industilal BoNor Combustion Modification NOx
Controls. Volume lib Stoker-Coal-Flred Bofler
FteklTest-Site B. Final rept Jul 78-Jui 79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
H. I. Lips, and E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,205p EPA-
600/7-81-126C
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
S9e also PB82-231077, and PB82-231085.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at an industrial site.
The aim of the program was to measure multimedta
emissions changes as a result of applying NOx con-
trols. Emissions of trace elements, organic materials,
sulfur species, SO2, NOx, CO, and particulate matter
were measured. These emissions, under normal and
controlled (for NOx) were compared. Test results show
that applying combustion modification NOx controls
dki not affect total paniculate emissions from ESP
outlet or sulfur species emissions. Some changes in
trace element partitioning occurred with the applica-
tion of NOx controls. Bioassays of ash samples for
LEA operation had low or nondetectabte toxfcity/mu-
tagenicrty.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Stokers, 'Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products. Field tests. Revisions, Design criteria. Per-
formance evaluation, Particles, Bioassays.
PB82-231135 PC A06/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Preimliiary Air PoHution Survey of AeroaHergens:
A Literature Review,
Utton Systems, Inc.. Woodland Hills, CA.
Harold Rnketstein. Oct 69,117p APTD-69-23
Contract PH-22-68-25
This review summarizes information on 30 aeroaDer-
gens gathered from 27 NAPCA reports. The major aer-
oaHergen, ragweed, is the cause of more than 90 per-
cent of the potlinosis in the U.S. and is the major sub-
ject of investigation. This review surveys the effects of
aeroaltergens on humans, animals, plants, and materi-
als, notes the sources of these pollens, and suggests
methods for their eradication. The standard method for
pollen sampling, the gravity slide method, is discussed,
as well as other methods that have been devised for
special sampling situations. Substantial bibliography
and tables.
Keywords: 'Pollen, Surveys, Reviews, Humans,
Plants(Botany), Materials, Air pollution, Sampling, Bib-
liographies, Literature surveys, Allerogens, * Aeroalter-
gens, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution con-
trol, Pollinosts.
PB82-231150 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA UtMty FQD Survey: July-September 1981.
Quarterly rept,
PEDCo-Envkonmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M.Smith, M.Melia, and N.Gregory. Dec 81,365p
EPA-600/7-81-012E
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB81 -142655.
The report is the last of three supplements updating
the October-December 1980 report (EPA-600/7-81-
012a and -012b) and should be used in conjunction
with ft. The report, generated by a computerized data
base system, surveys operatjonat and planned domes-
tic utility flue gas desutfurization (FGD) systems. It
summarizes information contributed by the utility in-
dustry, process suppliers, regulatory agencies, and
consulting engineering firms. It alphabetically tabu-
lates domestic FGD systems by development status
(operational, under construction, or in planning
stages), utflrty company, process supplier, process,
and waste dbposal practice, it gives data on boiler
design, fuel characteristics, FGD system design, and
actual performance. It includes unit by unit dependabil-
ity parameters and discusses problems and solutions
associated with the boilers and FGD systems. Process
flow diagrams and FGD systems economic data are
appended.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Electric power
plants, 'Flue gases. Surveys, Boilers, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products, Design, Performance
evaluation, Scrubbers, Tables/Data), Cost analysis,
Coal fired power plants. Rue gas desutfurization, List-
ings.
PB82-231199 PC AW/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion ModHteatton Control* for Residential
and Commercial Heating Systems. Volume I: Envi-
ronmental Assessment Final task repl Jim 78-Sep
79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. CastaJdmi, R. A. Brown, and K. J. Urn. Jul 81,177p
EPA-600/7-81-123A
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also PB82-231176.
The report gives an environmental assessment of
combustion modfficatJon techniques for residential and
commercial healing systems, with respect to NOx con-
trol reduction effectiveness, operational impact ther-
mal efficiency impact control costs, and effect on
emissions of pollutants other than NOx. Major equip-
ment types and design trends are reviewed, although
emissions and control data for commercial systems
are very sparse. Natural gas and distillate oil are the
principal fuels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Furnaces, 'Gas fur-
naces. Combustion, OH burners, Heating, Environmen-
tal impacts, Air pollution, Design, Performance tests,
•Ol furnaces. Residential sector. Commercial sector.
PBB2-231176 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion UodMcatton Controls for Residential
and Commercial Heating Systems. Volume II: OH-
Ffcsd Residential Furnace Held Test Final task
reptJu)7S-Jul79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
E. B. Higginbotham. Jul 81,79p EPA-600/7-81-123B
Contracts EPA-68-02-2160, EPA-68-02-3176
See also PB82-231168.
The report gives methods and results of an environ-
mental assessment test program at an oil-fired, low-
emission residential heating unit The aim of the pro-
gram was to measure emission changes resulting from
changing the operating mode of the low-emission fur-
nace. Emissions of trace elements, organic materials,
sulfur species, NO, CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate
matter were measured. Both continuous and cyclic op-
erating modes were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Furnaces, Combus-
tion, Oil burners, Heating, Design, Performance tests,
'Oil furnaces, Residential sector.
PB82-231226 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development
Estimating Microorganism Densities in Aerosols
from Spray Irrigation of Wastewater. Final rept 30
Sep 80-15 Jul 81,
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
John P. Glennon. Mar 82,38p EPA-600/9-82-003
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
This document summarizes current knowledge about
estimating the density of microorganisms in the air
near wastewater management facilities, with emphasis
on spray irrigation sites. One technique for modeling
microorganism density in air is provided and an aerosol
density estimating procedure is presented for evaluat-
ing wastewater spray irrigation systems. This proce-
dure permits the user to develop estimates of the den-
sity of microorganisms in air with a minimum of on-site
measurements.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Sewage treatment
'Waste water, Estimating, Air, Density(Mass/volume),
Models, Aerosols, Air pollution, Water pollution,
* Spray irrigation systems.
PB82-231242 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume III: Potential for Drinking Water
Contamination from Tin/Antimony Solder,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
Carlos E. Hen-era, Gregory J. Kimneyer, and Brian P.
Hoyt Feb 82,99p EPA-600/2-82-018
Grant EPA-R-806686
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential for
leaching of metals into drinking water from tin/antimo-
ny solder. The study consisted of five research
phases: (1) A theoretical investigation of the corrosion
products formed from the solder was conducted using
pe-pH diagrams and galvanic coupling relationships;
(2) static laboratory metal leaching tests were per-
formed to determine the extent of antimony leaching
from the solder; (3) field water samples were taken
from buildings which contained tin/antimony from tin/
antimony soldered plumbing; (4) continuous flow metal
leaching tests compared metal leaching from tin/anti-
mony solder with lead/tin solder under three water
treatments - lime plus sodium carbonate, lime plus
sodium bicarbonate, and lime plus bicarbonate plus sil-
icate; (5) corrosion films that formed on both tin/anti-
mony and lead/tin solder were analyzed by Scanning
Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Solders, Tin, 'Antimony,
Leaching, Plumbing, Metals,
Concentration(Composrt)on), Corrosion, Sampling,
Disinfection.
PB82-231259 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dual AftaH Acceptance Test at Louisville Gas and
Electric Company.
Becrrtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
Sep81,889p-in3v
Set includes PB82-231267, PB82-231275, and PB82-
231283.
No abstract available.
1318 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-231267 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dual Alkali Acceptance Test at Louisville Gas and
Electric Company; Volume I. Acceptance Test and
Appendices A-C. Final rept Apr 79-Jul 80,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
D. Watson, T. Martin, J. Donnelly, and N. Zoueshtiagh.
Sep 81,109p EPA-600/7-81 -159A
Contract EPA-68-02-2634
See also Volume 2, PB82-231275.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
231259.
The report gives results of the completed acceptance
test series run on the dual alkali system serving Louis-
ville Gas and Electric Company's Cane Run Unit 6
boiler. This volume contains the process description
and a discussion of the test results, operating history,
and performance. Appendices A-C contain accept-
ance test daily summaries, monthly performance pa-
rameters, and Kenvirons' acceptance test reduced
data.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, *Flue
gases, 'Electric power plants, Air pollution control,
Boilers, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Performance tests,
Sulfur dioxide, Sodium carbonates, Calcium oxides,
•Dual alkali systems.
PB82-231275 PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dual Alkali Acceptance Test at Louisville Gas and
Electric Company; Volume II. Appendices D-F.
Final rept Apr 79-Jul 80,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
D. Watson, T. Martin, J. Donnelly, and N. Zoueshtiagh.
Sep 81,407p EPA-600/7-81 -159B
Contract EPA-68-02-2634
See ateo Volume 1, PB82-231267, and Volume 3,
PB82-231283.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
231259.
The report gives results of the completed acceptance
test series run on the dual alkali system serving Louis-
ville Gas and Electric Company's Cane Run Unit 6
boiler. This volume (Volume II) contains a discussion
of the-analytical and sampling methods, quality assur-
ance, and the raw data gathered by Kenvirons.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, *Flue
gases, 'Electric power plants, Air pollution control,
Boilers, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Per-
formance tests, Sodium carbonates, Calcium oxides,
'Dual alkali systems.
PB82-231283 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dual Alkali Acceptance Test at Louisville Gas and
Electric Company, Volume III. Appendices G-J.
Final rept Apr 79-Jul 80,
Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, CA.
D. Watson, T. Martin, J. Donnelly, and N. Zoueshtiagh.
Sep 81,375p EPA-600/7-81 -159C
Contract EPA-68-02-2634
See also Volume 2, PB82-231275, and PB80-146707.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
231259.
The report gives results of the completed acceptance
test series run on the dual alkali system serving Louis-
ville Gas and Electric Company's Cane Run Unit 6
boiler. This volume (Volume III) contains raw data
gathered by Kenvirons, calculations, and computer-
ized reduced data submitted to Bechtel by Kenvirons.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment 'Flue
gases, 'Electric power plants, Air pollution control,
Boilers, Scrubbers, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Per-
formance tests, Sodium carbonates, Calcium oxides,
•Dual alkali systems.
PB82-231291 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
An Economic Analysis of Final Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines, New Source Performance Stand-
ards, and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and
Steel Manufacturing Point Source Category. Final
rept.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Lexington, MA.
Richard P. McNeil. May 82,164p EPA-230-04-82-003
Contracts EPA-68-01-4341, EPA-68-01-5845
An analysis of the economic and financial effects of
the final water effluent guidelines on the iron and steel
industry. Additional capital expenditures for water pol-
lution control equipment will be $463.1 million in 1982-
1985. An additional $267.0 million will be required for
NSPS additions in 1986-1990. These capital require-
ments will probably cause the steel industry to reduce
expenditures for existing capacity in the mid-1980s.
This, in turn, will probably result in an approximate 0.6
percent decline in industry production, a 0.5 percent
decrease in domestic market share, and a potential
decline in steel industry employment of about 2,180
jobs by 1985. These impacts would be virtually elimi-
nated by the early 1990s by the improved economic
and financial conditions of the industry.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Economic im-
pacts, 'Water pollution economics, Water pollution
standards, Financing, Regulations, Guidelines, Cap-
italized costs, Standards, Industrial wastes. New
source performance standards, Point sources.
PB82-231309 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
The Effect of Total Water Reuse and Alum Con-
trol on First Pass Retention. Final rept. 1 Apr 80-31
May 81,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Michael D. Strutz. Mar 82,97p EPA-600/2-82-012
Product quality deterioration, caused by poor wet end
control and the resulting build up of dissolved inorgan-
ic and organic contaminants, has hampered achieving
complete water reuse in paper manufacturing. By
using pulp-derived dissolved organic material, the
study makes use of a dynamic retention/drainage jar
to show the negative effects of these compounds on
retention. Alum control is investigated as a means of
improving retention in closed Whitewater systems
through literature review and experimentation. A reten-
tion control strategy for total water reuse is proposed.
It is based on the measurement and manipulation of
alum concentrations in the stock chest in low shear
systems where no polymer is used, to control the elec-
trokinetic balance for proper coagulation, and in high
shear systems where polymers are used to eliminate
the negative effects due to alum/polymer interactions.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Alums, Performance
evaluation, Water pollution control. Design criteria,
'Waste water reuse.
PB82-231317 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Apparatus and Procedure for Determining Oil
Droplet Size Distribution. Final rept Jun 78-Nov 80,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
Raymond A. Meyer, Milton Kirsch, Fred Howard, and
Frank Freestone. Mar 82,108p EPA-600/2-82-032
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
This program was initiated to develop a method and
apparatus for determining the oil drop size distribution
in flowing oily brine during brine cleanup treatment An
automated photomicrographic apparatus for taking
time-lapse photographs of oily brine that was briefly at
rest is described. This apparatus meets all N.E.C.
Class 1, Division 1, Group D requirements for oper-
ation where explosive concentrations of hydrocarbons
are known to exist The system demonstrates its ability
to determine the size and number distribution of 2- to
100-micrometer spherical entities, and it establishes
their density as well. Thus the technique can differenti-
ate between oil drops, oil-covered gas bubbles, and
oil-covered sand or other solids. The report presents
both the techniques for reducing the photomicro-
graphs to size and number data, and the Fortran pro-
grams involved. Although developed for oil particles in
brine on offshore production platforms (where the
device has obtained some 20,000 photos for the
parent study), the apparatus and technique are equally
well suited for characterizing the distribution of any im-
miscible minor component in a semi-transparent fluid
matrix.
Keywords: 'Particle size distribution, 'Measuring in-
struments, 'Drops(Liquid), 'Oils, Brines, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Computer programs, For-
tran, Water pollution, 'Oil spills.
PB82-231325 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assistance In Support of Permitting Ac-
tivities for the Thermal Destruction of PCBs. Final
rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Robert G. Mclnnes. Oct 81,78p EPA-600/2-81 -240
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The report describes phased efforts to identify, evalu-
ate, and provide technical permitting assistance to util-
ity boilers considering thermally destroying PCB-con-
taminated mineral oil. The project also required that
State and Local Governments be provided information
needed to aid permitting of a PCB verification burn.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Boilers, State government, Sites, 'Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, 'Liquid waste disposal.
PB82-231408
(Order as PB82-227901, PC A99/MF A01)
Renovation and Reuse of Cooling Tower Blow-
down Using Waste-Heat Distillation,
Southern California Edison Co., Rosemead.
D. M. Burkhart W. Chow, and H. H. Sephton. May 82,
7p
Prepared in cooperation with Electric Power Research
Inst, Palo Alto, CA. and California Univ., Berkeley.
Included in Proceedings of Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization (3rd), plX-A-762-IX-A-768
May 81.
No abstract available.
PB82-231416 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oil Spill Response Scenarios for Remote Arctic
Environments. Final rept.,
ARCTEC, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Robert H. Schulze, William G. Grosskopf, Jack C. Cox,
and Lawrence A. Schultz. Mar 82,409p EPA-600/2-
82-036
Contract EPA-68-03-2799
Special problems occur during oil spill cleanup in
remote inland areas in cold climates. In Alaska these
problems result from the harsh climate, the unusual
terrain features, and the special problems of spills
along swrft rivers. The analysis begins with a descrip-
tion of the environmental conditions that occur in
Alaska that affect oil spill behavior and oil spill cleanup.
The study then describes four spill scenarios in remote
areas giving engineering details of the mechanics of
the spill movement and the cleanup effort. One sce-
nario covers a winter blowout of a well on the north
slope tundra The next involves a Trans-Alaska Pipe-
line spill. The fourth scenario involves a fuel tank truck
spill into a sensitive sport fishing stream. The study de-
scribes the impact of these spills on the environment.
Further, it provides a numerical evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of the spill response effort and the cost effec-
tiveness of three incremental levels of spill response
for the cleanup effort.
Keywords: 'Arctic regions, *Oil pollution, 'Alaska,
Cleaning, Removal, Pipelines, Responses, Civil engi-
neering, Mechanics, Winter, Oil wells, Tundra, Blow-
outs, Environmental impacts, Fisheries, Cost effective-
ness, 'Oil spills, Clean up, 'Inland areas, Remote
areas, Oil pollution removal, Oil spreading process,
Path of pollutants.
PB82-231424 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dry/Wet Performance of a Plate-Fin Air Cooled
Heat Exchanger with Continuous Corrugated Fins.
Final rept Apr 79-Mar 80,
Department of Energy, Richland, WA. Richland Oper-
ations Office.
S 3. Mauser, D. K. Kreid, and B. M. Johnson. Apr 82,
180pEPA-600/7-82-014
December 1983 1319
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific North-
west Lab., Richland, WA.
The report describes work to (1) determine experimen-
tally the performance and operating characteristics of
a plate-fin heat exchanger during dry/wet or 'deluge'
operation and (2) continue developing the deluge
heat/mass transfer model. This work supports the im-
provement of power plant cooling systems that con-
serve fresh water in an environmentally and economi-
cally viable manner. The experiments identified impor-
tant trade-offs concerning deluge cooling; these are
discussed. The earlier deluge model was refined and
extended to the simultaneous calculation of heat
transfer and evaporation from wetted surfaces. Experi-
ments showed the model to be an excellent predictor
of heat exchanger performance during deluge oper-
ation.
Keywords: 'Heat exchangers, Electric power plants,
Cooling systems, Cooling fins, Corrugating, Perform-
ance, Heat transfer.
PB82-231432 PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Impacts of Special Types of Land-
fWs. Final rept,
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Deborah Grant Lord, and William W. Beck, Jr. Sep 81,
284p* EPA-600/2-81-190
Contract EPA-68-03-2620
Water quality was monitored for one year at a hillfill, a
batefill, a miltfill, a strip mine landfill, and a permitted
sanitary landfill to determine the impact of each on
water quality. The teachate generated by the hilffill was
the strongest during initial decomposition. However,
during the study period, it was in the final stages of an-
aerobic degradation and therefore was of low strength.
The batefill produced a low strength leachate since
this method of landfilling results in channeling of water
through the landfill. The millfill generated the strongest
leachate among the teacnates analyzed during the
study period as a result of the decomposition of the
refuse which was accelerated by milling. The strip
mine landfill generated a leachate of moderate
strength. The permitted sanitary landfill also produced
a leachate of moderate strength.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Earth fills,
•Water pollution, Monitoring, Hills, Mills, Strip mining,
Leaching, Decomposition, Anaerobic processes, Acid-
ity, Concentration(Composit)on), Sanitary landfills,
Refuse disposal. Bales, Evaluation, Water wells,
Ground water, Monitoring, Batefill, Alternative plan-
ning.
PB82-231713 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Complex Terrain Mod*! Development First
Mieetone Report, 1981. Rept for Jun 80-Dec 81.
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
T. F. Lavery, A. Bass. D. G. Strimaitis, A. Venkatram,
and B. R. Green. Apr 82,331 p EPA-6OO/3-82-036
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is sponsor-
ing the Complex Terrain Model Development program,
a multi-year integrated program to develop and vali-
date practical plume dispersion models of known reli-
ability and accuracy for simulating one-hour average
ground-level concentrations downwind of elevated
sources during stable atmospheric conditions in com-
plex terrain. The first major component of the Comptex
Terrain Model Development program was a field study
conducted during the fall of 1980 at Cinder Cone
Butte, a roughly axisymmetric, isolated 100-meter-tall
nil located in the broad Snake River Basin near Boise,
Idaho. The field program consisted of ten flow visual-
ization experiments and eighteen muHMwur tracer gas
experiments conducted during stable flow conditions.
Thfe report presents an overview of the Cinder Cone
Butte field program and the results of the modeling
analyses completed through June 1,1981. The objec-
tives of this phase of the modeling program were to
begin the development of new dispersion models
using the Cinder Cone Butte data base and to com-
pare their performance with existing complex terrain
dnpersion models.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Terrain models, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Regulations, Plumes,
Concentration(Cornposition), Comparison, Perform-
ance evaluation, *Air quality.
PB82-231796 PC A03/MF A01
Soil Erosion and Sediment Delivery In the Blue
Creek Watershed, Pike County, Illinois: Prelimi-
nary Analysis. Interim rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport, and Julie Oehme. May 82,42p
IEPA/WPC/82-002
The study integrates the results of a SCS Phase II Ero-
sion Inventory, a computerized geobased generated
potential gross erosion inventory (ADAPT) and a lake
sedimentation survey. The goal was to determine a
sediment delivery ratio in an attempt to identify sedi-
ment source areas. This study concluded that the
gross erosion for the Blue Creek Watershed is 63,313
tons (62,867 tons by sheet and ritl erosion and 446
tons by gully erosion. This erosion data was correlated
with lake sedimentation data from Pittsfield lake in
order to determine the sediment delivery ratio. This
ratio was calculated to be 66%.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Soil erosion, 'Blue Creek
Watershed, Gullies, Mathematical models, Lakes,
Sedimentation, Inventories, Correlation, Erosion con-
trol, BanksfWaterways), Agriculture, Sources, Monitor-
ing, Planning, Computer programming, Soils, Losses,
Rainfall intensity, Slope, Vegetation, 'ADAPT model,
Nonpoint sources, Pike County(lllinois), Computer
mapping, Rill erosion.
PB82-231820 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume I: Cedar River Water Pilot Plant
Study,
Seattle Dept of Water, WA.
Brian P. Hoyt, Carlos E. Herrera, and Gregory J.
Kirmeyer. 1982,71 p EPA-600/2-82-026
Grant EPA-R-806686
A study was conducted in Seattle, Washington, to
evaluate the use of lime and.sodium bicarbonate in
surface water supplies to control corrosion of plumbing
materials. Continuous-flow pipe-coupon test loops
were used to test the effectiveness of two water treat-
ments - addition of lime only, and lime plus sodium bi-
carbonate. Three commonly used plumbing materials
(copper, galvanized steel, and black steel) were tested
for corrosion type and rate, penetration rate, and metal
leaching. Corrosion rates were evaluated through
weight loss, penetration rates were tested with pitting
depth measurements, and corrosion types were deter-
mined by visual observation. Metal leaching tests were
conducted using small-diameter pipes which exagger-
ate the test results and thus enable meaningful com-
parisons to be made in short-term tests. This method
was developed by the Seattle Water Department for
this study.
Keywords: 'Corrosion prevention, 'Distribution sys-
tems, 'Plumbing, 'Water treatment, Calcium oxides,
Water pipes, Water supply, Bicarbonates, Protection,
Copper, Steels, Zinc, Leaching, Comparison, Dosage,
Equipment Sodium carbonates.
PB82-231838 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emissions from Refinery Process Heaters
Equipped with Low-NOx Burners. Final rept. Oct
80-Jan81,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Todona, H. J. Buening, and J. R. Hart Oct 81,
183p EPA-600/7-81-169
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
The report summarizes an investigation of the per-
formance of commercial tow-NOx burners in refinery
process heaters. Refineries in Southern and Central
California were surveyed to determine the number of
existing or planned low-NOx burners. Tests on 10
process heaters equipped with tow NOx burners meas-
ured gaseous emissions, particulates, and efficiencies
at normal operating conditions. As-found NOx emis-
sions increased from 58 to 245 ng/J as fuel-bound ni-
trogen increased from zero to 0.81 %. In most cases.
NOx concentrations were strongly influenced by
excess air levels. Reducing excess air to 3-4% re-
duced NOx to 34-200 ng/J, depending on fuel nitro-
gen. Comparisons of present emissions data with past
field test data for refinery heaters equipped with stand-
ard burners showed that (for mechanical-draft gas-
fired heaters) low-NOx burners may reduce the NOx
emission factor by 32-77% below the mean emission
factor for standard burners. Three heaters (one firing
gas; one, distillate oil; and one, residual oil) were se-
lected as the most suitable candidates for 30-day con-
tinuous monitoring of gaseous emissions.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Burners, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Air pollution control, Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products. Particles, Compari-
son, Sites, Air pollution sampling, Emission factors.
PB82-231846 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Hydrological Simulation Program. Fortran (HSPF):
Executive Summary. Final rept. Mar 79-Jun 80,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
G. Paul Grimsrud, Delbert D. Franz, Robert C.
Johanson, and Norman H. Crawford. Apr 82,87p*
EPA-600/3-82-046
Contract EPA-68-01-5801
This executive summary introduces water resource
managers, engineers, and programmers to the Hydro-
logical Simulation Program-FORTRAN and provides
them with information that can help them in deciding
whether HSPF would be useful and practical for them
to use. HSPF uses digital computers to simulate hy-
drology and water quality in natural and man-made
systems. Although data requirements are extensive
and running costs are significant, HSPF is thought to
be the most accurate and appropriate management
tool presently available for the continuous simulation
of hydrology and water quality in watersheds. The
summary begins with a general overview of the model,
how it compares with other models, and how it can be
applied.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Computerized simulation, Fortran, Design,
Project planning, Water resources, Operations, Water
quality management, Rainfall, History, Atmospheric
temperature, Solar radiation, Land use, Soil properties,
Agriculture, Runoff, Watersheds, 'HSPF model,
'Water management(Applied).
PB82-231853 PC A07/MF A01
Proceedings: EPA's Industry Briefing on the
Adlplc Ackl Enhanced Limestone FGD Process
(July 1981),
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. David Mobley. Jun 82,145p EPA-600/9-82-012
The proceedings document presentations made
during an EPA-sponsored industry briefing, July 15,
1981, in Springfield, MO. The briefing dealt with the
status of EPA's research activities on the adipic-acid-
enhanced limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
process. Subjects covered included: (1) an overview of
the adipic-acid-enhanced process, (2) the status of the
demonstration project at Springfield City Utilities, (3)
results of the demonstration project on an industrial
boiler, (4) results of testing at the EPA prototype test
facility at TVA's Shawnee steam plant, and (5) eco-
nomics of limestone FGD systems using adipic acid.
The briefing provided users, architects, engineers,
vendors, consultants, and government personnel with
a comprehensive assessment of this innovative tech-
nology for controlling SO2 emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Adipic acid, 'Meet-
ings, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sulfur dioxide, Economics, Operating costs,
'Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB82-231937 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment Measurement Meth-
ods for Organic Species. Final rept. Mar 76-Mar 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Philip L Levins. May 82,46p ADL-79347, EPA-600/7-
82-040
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
1320 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report summarizes work by the contractor on sam-
pling and analysis methods for organic species relating
to environmental assessment and control technology.
The term-level-of-effort work involved assignments
carried out under separate technical directives (or
tasks). Most of the work has been published in detailed
technical reports for each directive. This report sum-
maries the studies and alerts readers to the availability
of the technical reports.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Technology, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Re-
search, Stationary sources.
PB82-231945 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Sulfur Emissions from OH Shale Re-
torts. Final rept. Jul 79-Jul 80,
IT Enviroscience, Knoxville, TN.
R. J. Lovell, S. W. Dylewski, and C. A. Peterson. Apr
82,192p* EPA-600/7-82-016
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
The objectives of this study were to determine the best
available control technology (BACT) for control of
sulfur emissions from oil shale processing facilities and
then to develop a design for a mobile slipstream pilot
plant that could be used to test and demonstrate that
technology. The work conducted included an in-depth
evaluation of available gas characterization data from
all major oil shale development operations in the
United States. Data gaps and inconsistencies were
identified and corrected where possible through work-
ing with the developers and/or researchers in the field.
From the gas characterization data, duty requirements
were defined for the sulfur removal systems. Based on
this information, Stretford gas sweeting technology
was recommended, and the design of a 1000 CFM
pilot plant was completed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Oil shale, *De-
suHurization, 'Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur, Hy-
drogen suffide, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Design criteria, Technology assess-
ment, 'Best technology, Retorting, Oil shale process-
ing plants.
PB82-231952 PC A10/MF A01
Laboratory Ecosystems for Studying Chemical
Fate: An Evaluation Using Methyl Parathlon. Final
reptOct78-Sep79,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Harvey W. Holm, Heinz P. Kollig, Lrta M. Proctor, and
William R. Payne, Jr. Apr 82,209p EPA-600/3-82-020
The use of complex microcosms as tools for testing
mathematical models of pollutant fate was evaluated
by determining the transport and transformation of
methyl parathion in two-8-compartment, continuous
flow microcosms designed to enhance the effects of
different degradation processes. Objectives were to
develop different chemical and biological environ-
ments by adding inorganic nutrients, glycerol, con-
trived sediments, and natural sediments sequentially
to compartments down the length of the channel; to
determine whether the microcosms established stable
states during the experimental periods; and to deter-
mine whether the fate of methyl parathion was related
to environmental characteristics of each compartment
Observed differences in chemical treatments were re-
flected by differences in community structure and
community function. Statistical comparisons of bacte-
rial and total microbial biomass revealed significant dif-
ferences; compartments with organic and inorganic
nutrient additions were generally grouped separately
from those with only inorganic nutrient additions. Rela-
tive rates of diurnal dissolved oxygen change were
also significantly different between those compart-
ments with different nutrient additions. Inclusion of nat-
ural and contrived sediments had few significant ef-
fects on the structure or function of the water or aui-
wuchs communities.
Keywords: 'Ecosystems, 'Mathematical models,
'Water pollution, Stability, Water chemistry, Nutrients,
Sediments, 'Microcosms, 'Methyl parathion, 'Expo-
sure analysis modeling system.
PB82-232067 PC A08/MF A01
Annual Report 1974, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
1974,153p
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This is the Annual report of the office of Research and
Development at Research Triangle Park, EPA. The
Office of Research and Development is a large re-
search organization whose basic programs encom-
pass air pollution, pesticides pollution, and radiation
pollution. This summary provides a brief discussion of
some of the major accomplishments of the research
program during 1974 and indicates its future direction.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Air pollution, Pes-
ticides, Radioactive contaminants, Research projects,
'Environmental protection agency.
PB82-232174 PCA11/MFA01
Maps Depleting Nonattalnment Areas Pursuant to
Section 107 of the Clean Air Act -1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Johnnie Pearson, Willis Beal, and George Duggan.
Feb 82,242p EPA-450/1 -82-012
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report is a detailed mapping of the United States
depicting those areas not attaining the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for Carbon Monoxide, Nitro-
gen Dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide and Total Sus-
pended Particulates. It includes nonattainment area
maps and supporting lists from Federal Register publi-
cations for final actions through February 1,1982.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Maps, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, *Na-
tional ambient air quality standards, Clean Air Act
PB82-232190 PC A07/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7) Supple-
ment 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 80,147p AP-42-SUPPL-10
See also PB82-232208.
In this Supplement to AP-42, new, revised and updated
emissions data are presented for mobile sources; air-
craft; transportation and marketing of petroleum liq-
uids; waste solvent reclamation; tank and drum clean-
ing; hydrofluoric acid; phosphoric acid; sulfur recovery;
wine making; harvesting of grain; primary lead smelt-
ing; coal cleaning; glass fiber manufacturing; phos-
phate rock processing; coal conversion; taconite ore
processing; plywood veneer and layout operations;
woodworking waste collection operations; and explo-
sives detonation. There is also an expansion and revi-
sion of the Appendix A, miscellaneous data and con-
version factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Exhaust emissions, Industrial
wastes, Petroleum products, Smelting, Woodworking,
Coal, 'Emission factors, Phosphate rock industry, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB82-232208 PC A09/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition (Including Supplements 1-7) Supple-
ment 12.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr81,194p AP-42-SUPPL-12
See also PB81 -244097, and PB82-232190.
In this Supplement for AP-42, revised or updated emis-
sions data are presented for Dry Cleaning; Surface
Coating; Storage of Organic Liquids; Solvent Degreas-
ing; Graphic Arts; Consumer/commercial Solvent Use;
Sulfuric Acid; Beer Making; Ammonium Sulfate; Pri-
mary Aluminum; Secondary Aluminum; Gray Iron
Foundries; Steel Foundries; Secondary Zinc; Asphaltic
Concrete; Asphalt Roofing; NEDS Source Classifica-
tion Codes and Emission Factor Listing; and Table of
Lead Emission Factors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Dry clean-
ing, Coatings, Degreasing, Ammonium sulfate, Alumi-
num, Iron and steel industry, Asphalts, Concrete, Roof-
ing, 'Emission factors, Stationary sources.
PB82-232372 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
An Assessment of Central-Station CongeneraUon
Systems for Industrial Complexes. Final rept. Mar
76-Mar 78,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Engineering Experi-
ment Station.
Neil B. Hilsen, George R. Fletcher, David L. Kelley,
Jeffrey S. Tiller, and Stephen W. Day. Apr 82,205p
EPA-600/7-82-017
Contract EPA-68-02-2394
This report assesses the potential for cogeneration
system development based on an analysis of the eco-
nomic, environmental, energy efficiency and social as-
pects of such systems. The cogeneration system is an
application of the principle of cogeneration in which
utility-sized power plants supply both electrical and
steam needs to one or more nearby industries. Such a
system can result in increased energy efficiency re-
duced pollutants, and reduced overall cost. A number
of methodological approaches, including environmen-
tal impact analysis, were used to investigate the broad
scope of issues relevant to cogeneration system de-
velopment. As the study considered the subject from a
general, comprehensive, planning-level perspective,
the quantitative results cannot be applied to other
sites. However, trends associated with the impacts of
cogeneration development are identified, and method-
ologies which are applicable to cogeneration systems
in general are employed.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, Industrial plants, In-
dustries, Design, Environmental impacts, Air pollution,
Cost analysis, Social effect, Planning, 'Cogeneration,
Institutional factors, Social impact, Energy efficiency.
PB82-232380 PC A14/MF A01
Prospects for Increasing the Direct Use of Coal In
Industrial Boilers. Final task rept. Nov 79-Nov 80,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Michael K. Bergman, and Robert M. Dykes. Jun 82,
320pEPA-600/7-82-046
The report gives a comprehensive evaluation of fac-
tors (environmental, technical, economic, and institu-
tional) influencing solid coal use in industrial boilers.
Trends in coal use, recent legislative warrants, and
technical and logistic problems in coal use at industrial
plants are reviewed. Demographic aspects of the ex-
isting industrial boiler population are examined, and re-
gional patterns in fuel consumption, boiler deployment,
and the location of major energy consuming industries
are identified. Six technologies and five alternate
groups of the technologies are compared to the year
2000 on the basis of resource requirements and emis-
sions. Technologies considered are conventional com-
bustion in both a spreader-stoker boiler and with flue-
gas desulfurization, fluidized-bed combustion, low-Btu
gasification, and physical coal cleaning (alone and
combined with the above technologies). Air emissions
are further assessed from the perspective of existing
air quality problems in industrial areas. Capital and
annual costs for each technology are also compared.
Sensitivity analysis is included to detail the extent to
which varying operating parameters affect steam cost
Fuel choices are evaluated on industry- and region-
specific bases. Finally, results of analyses are inter-
preted from the perspective of achieving environmen-
tal and energy goals.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution, Combustion, Fluid-
ized bed processing, Coal gasification, Coal prepara-
tion, Industries, Industrial plants, Legislation, Econom-
ic factors, Technology assessment, Regulations,
'Coal utilization, Flue gas desulfurization, Low Btu gas,
Fluidized bed combustion, Industrial sector, Air quality,
Institutional factors.
PB82-232448 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Diesel Emissions from Oper-
ation of a Light-Duty Diesel Vehicle on Alternate
Source Diesel Fuels,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowski. Nov 81,74p EPA-460/3-82-002
December 1983 1321
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
This report describes laboratory emissions evaluation
of several alternate-source fuels in a 1980 Volks-
wagen Rabbit Diesel. Fuels tested included a No. 2 pe-
troleum diesel as base, base plus coal-derived liquids,
shale oil diesel fuel and jet fuel, and a blend of petrole-
um blend stocks with coal and shale liquids. Nine fuels
were investigated in all, including the base fuel.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Fuels, 'Exhaust emissions,
Substitutes, Sampling, Particles, Performance evalua-
tion, "Foreign technology, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Diesel
engine exhaust
PB82-232455 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Interpretation of Low Resolution Mass Spectra
for Level 1 Analysis of Environmental Mixtures.
Final rept Oct 79-Sep 80,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
James L Stauffer. 1981,161 pEPA-600/7-82-033
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
See also PB-293 795.
The report gives guidelines for interpreting the low res-
olution mass spectra (LRMS) of complex chemical
mixtures, within the context of the EPA Level 1 Envi-
ronmental Assessment Program. It discusses the prin-
ciples underlying direct mass spectrometric analysis of
complex mixtures, the techniques for optimizing the
analysis run, and the interpretation and evaluation of
the results. A chapter gives some interpretive aids for
LRMS analysis of environmental mixtures. The guide-
lines are illustrated by a step-by-step detailed analysis
of the mass spectra of four representative examples.
The final chapter gives direction for reporting the re-
sults in the EPA Level 1 LRMS format. These guide-
lines supplement the overall description of Level 1
analysis methods given in the IERL-RTP Procedures
Manual: Level 1 Environmental Assessment (second
edition), EPA-600/7-78-201 (NTIS PB 293795).
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical analysis, Mixtures, Assessments.
Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution, Guidelines,
'Low resolution mass spectroscopy, Solid wastes.
PB82-232513 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Test Evaluation of Gasoline Transfer Vapor Re-
covery Systems.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
D. E Hasselmann. Nov 74,243p 74-GAS-1
Contract EPA-68-02-0235
This report describes the results from tests of systems
for collecting hydrocarbon vapors at automobile filling
stations. The purpose of these tests was to develop
test procedures for determining gasoline vapor emis-
sions during transfer operations at service stations and
to use these methods to evaluate five different vapor
recovery systems. Two balanced and three secondary
vapor recovery systems were tested.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Air pollution control, Tests,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Sampling,
•Service stations, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Vapor recov-
ery systems.
PB82-232687 PC A03/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1970-
1978. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 79,43p EPA-450/4-80-002
This report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the five major pollutants:
sulfur oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, volatile
organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides. Estimates
are broken down according to major types of air pollut-
ant sources. A short analysis of emission trends is
given, along with a discussion of methods used to de-
velop the data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, Sulfur oxides, Parti-
cles, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sources, Ex-
haust emissions. Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Volatile organic compounds. Stationary sources.
PB82-232703 PC A04/MF A01
Air Pollution Emission Test Volume I. First Interim
Report Continuous Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring at
Steam Generators,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
W. E. Kelly, C. Sedman, J. R. McKendree, and R. P.
Quill. Aug 78,68p EMB-77SPP23A
Prepared in cooperation with Monsanto Research
Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
The object of this study was to gather continous moni-
toring data for sulfur dioxide rates and removal effi-
ciencies for flue gas desurfuization systems in support
of possible revisions to the New Source Performance
Standard. Four sites were monitored, two were later
abandoned and yielded little information. Analysis of
the data indicated that dampening of variable SO2
emissions by scrubbing does occur, variability of outlet
SO2 emissions is substantial and caution should be
used in developing emission standards 'never to be
exceeded;' and longer averaging times decrease the
expected variability significantly.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Moni-
toring, Scrubbers, Data acquisition, Sites,
Concentratton(Composition), 'Air pollution sampling,
'Flue gas desulfurization.
PB82-232711 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Determination of NonnMtnana Organic Carbon
(NMOC) by Cryogenic Preconcentratlon and
Flams lonlzatlon Detection,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, and A. Blackard. Mar 81,37p
Contract EPA-66-02-3431
A variety of photochemical dispersion models have
been developed to describe the quantitative relation-
ships between ambient concentrations of precursor or-
ganic compounds and subsequent downwind concen-
trations of ozone. An important application of such
models is to determine the degree of control of such
organic compounds that is necessary to achieve com-
pliance with ambient air quality standards for ozone.
The method described can be used to obtain the requi-
site upwind NMOC measurements. This method is sort
of a compromise between the continuous and GC
methods. It combines cryogenic concentrations tech-
niques used in the GC method for high sensitivity with
the simple flame ionization detector (FID) for total
NMOC measurements without the complex GC system
necessary for species resolution. And because of the
use of helium carrier gas, the FID has less response
variation to various organic compounds than a conven-
tional NMOC analyzer with direct air infusion.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution, Math-
ematical models, Monitoring,
Concentratjon(Composition), Sampling, Laboratory
equipment, Calibrating, Revisions, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Cryogenic preconcentration,
'Flame ionization detectors. Procedures.
PB82-232737 PC A02/MF A01
Supplementary Guidelines for Lead Implementa-
tion Plans Revised Section 4.3 (Prelecting Auto-
motive Lead Emissions). Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Daniel J. de Roeck. Jul 79,19p EPA-450/2-78-038A,
QAQPS-1.2-104A
See also PB-286 409.
This guidance is a complete revision to Section 4.3
(Projecting Automotive Lead Emissions), in the 'Sup-
plementary Guidelines for Lead Implementation
Plans,' U.S. EPA, (PB-286 409), Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, August 1978. This revision
changes the basic equation for projecting automotive
lead emissions. It also clarifies the procedure for deter-
mining area source automotive emissions and pro-
vides updated information on automotive fuel econo-
my and lead content of gasoline.
Keywords: 'Lead(Matal), 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution,
Revisions, Exhaust emissions, Regulations, Gasoline,
Standards, Tabtes(Data), 'Air quality, 'Automobile ex-
haust State implementation plans. National ambient
air quality standard, Numerical solution.
PB82-232778 PC A07/MF A01
Water Resources Data and Preliminary Trend
Analysis for the Blue Creek Watershed Project,
Pike County, Illinois - Phase I,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport. May 82,127p IEPA/WPC/82-
001
The purpose of this report is to present and briefly in-
terpret preliminary trends in water quality data collect-
ed from project inception thru September 30,1980 as
part of the Blue Creek Watershed project. This discus-
sion covers less than one full water years worth of
data. The primary purpose of this monitoring and eval-
uation project is to determine the actual yield of pollut-
ants from a variety of agricultural practices to down-
stream receiving water and its effect upon the water
quality and reasonable uses of the water resources.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Farms, 'Water pollution, 'Blue
Creek, Monitoring, Watersheds, Nutrients, Pesticides,
Metals, Erosion, Cultivation, Rainfall, Sediments,
Tables(Data), Illinois, 'Agricultural watersheds, Pike
County(lllinois), Nonpoint sources.
PB82-232802 PC A03/MF A01
Guideline for the Implementation of the Ambient
Air Monitoring Regulations 40 CFR Part 58,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dennis R. Shipman. Nov 79,33p EPA-450/4-79-038,
QAQPS-1.2-126
A guideline concerned with policies and procedures for
implementing the Ambient Air Monitoring Regulations
of May 10,1979 (40 CFR Part 58), written in a question
and answer format.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Guidelines,
Monitoring, Quality assurance, National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, State implementation plans.
PB82-232976 PC* 125.00
Test Guidelines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 82,1829p-in3v
Set includes PB82-232984 through PB82-233008.
No abstract available.
PB82-232984 PCS40.00
Text Guidelines: Health Effects. Annual rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 82,432p* EPA-560/6-82-001
See also PB82-232992.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC$125.00, PB82-
232976.
These documents constitute a set of 39 health effects
test guidelines (and, in some cases, support docu-
ments) that may be cited as methodologies to be used
in chemical specific test rules promulgated under Sec-
tion 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
These guidelines cover testing for general toxicrty,
specific organ/tissue toxicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxi-
crty and special studies. The guidelines will be pub-
lished in loose leaf form and updates will be made
available as changes are dictated by experience and/
or advances in the state-of-the-art
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Guidelines, 'Chemical tests,
Bbassay, Exposure, Mutations, Chromosomes, Deox-
yribonucleic acid, Tests, Assessments, Evaluation,
Toxic Substances Control Act Public Law 94-469, Mu-
tagenesis, Neurotoxicity, State of the art
PB82-232992 PC560.00
Test Guidelines: Environmental Effects. Annual
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 82,972p* EPA-560/6-82-002
See also PB82-232984, and PB82-233008.
Also available in set of 3 reports PCS125.00, PB82-
232976.
These documents constitute a set of 21 environmental
effects test guidelines (and, in some cases, support
1322 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
documents) that may be cited as methodologies to be
used in chemical specific test rules promulgated under
Section 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA). These guidelines cover testing for inverte-
brate toxicity, aquatic vertebrate toxicity, avian toxicity,
phytotoxicity, and bioconcentration. The guidelines will
be published in loose leaf form and updates will be
made available as changes are dictated by experience
and/or advances in the state-of-the-art.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Guidelines, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Invertebrates, Aquatic animals, Birds,
Plants(Botany), Concentratipn(Composition), Risk,
Tests, Assessments, Evaluation, Bioassay, Phytotoxi-
city, Bioaccumulation, Toxic Substances Control Act,
Public Law 94-469, Health risks, 'Environmental ef-
fects, State of the art.
PB82-233008 PC$40.00
Test Guidelines: Chemical Fate. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 82,425p* EPA-560/6-82-003
See also PB82-232992.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC$125.00, PB82-
232976.
These documents constitute a set of 21 chemical fate
test guidelines (and, in some cases, support docu-
ments) that may be cited as methodologies to be used
in chemical specific test rules promulgated under Sec-
tion 4(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
These guidelines cover testing for physical and chemi-
cal properties, transport processes and transformation
processes. The guidelines will be published in loose
leaf form and updates will be made available as
changes are dictated by experience and/or advances
in the state-of-the-art.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Guidelines, 'Chemical tests,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Transforma-
tions, BiodeterioratJon, Transport properties, Chemical
compounds. Decomposition, Reaction kinetics, Hy-
drolysis, Photolysis, Toxic Substances Control Act,
Public Law 94-469, Biodegradation, Path of the pollut-
ant State of the art.
PB82-233016 PC A05/MF A01
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Air Pollution Assess-
ment Methodology and Modeling (1975-1979).
Summary rept.
Bundesministerium des Innern, Bonn (Germany, F.R.).
Oct79,88p
Text in English and German.Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.
The completion of the Pilot Study on Air Pollution As-
sessment methodology and Modeling this year coin-
cides with the tenth anniversary of the Committee on
the Challanges of Modem Society of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization. Therefore, it is the right time to
make balance and to publish an intermediate report on
the common effort of experts of the NATO countries
concerning the field of air pollution. The knowledge
and experience actually available in the NATO coun-
tries was collected and published by the active mem-
bers of the pilot study in twenty technical documents
on emissions inventories, immissions forecasts, ef-
fects of air pollutants and the state of the art concern-
ing the reduction of emissions as well as in ten scienti-
fical publications on the development of mathematical
metercrological dispersion models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Assessments, Methodology,
Mathematical models, Forecasting, 'Foreign technolo-
gy, Emission inventories, State of the art.
PB82-233024 PC A06/MF A01
Practical Demonstration of Urban Air Quality Sim-
ulation Models. Part I: A Report of the NATO/
CCMS Pilot Study on Air Pollution Assessment
Methodology and Modeling.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Aug 80,113p NATO/CCMS-106-PT-1
This document is the pilot study working towards a
standardization of Gaussian plume models for specific
air quality management applications. It summarizes
the essential elements required of a Gaussian Plume
model, compares the models participating in the Prac-
tical Demonstration, and compiles and evaluates the
results of this model. It contains the full length papers
prepared for the Practical Demonstration. These dis-
cuss: The 'Common Data Base' used for the Test City,
brief descriptions of the models used in the Practical
Demonstration, and the results of the model calcula-
tions for the Test City. Contains bibliography, list of
participants in the Practical Demonstration, and list of
panel members with their addresses, and a list of all
NATO/CCMS Documents on the First Air Pollution
Pilot Study.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Standards, Air pollution,
Comparison, Concentration(Composition), Mathemati-
cal models, 'Air quality, 'Gaussian plume models, Nu-
merical solution.
PB82-233032 PC A06/MF A01
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) Source
Classification Code and Emission Factor Listing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 79,108p
Errata sheet inserted.
The NEDS Source Classification Code (SCC) and
Emission Factor Listing replaces the one dated De-
cember 1975, which appeared in AP-42, Supplement 5
and in AEROS Volume V, Section 3, Chapter 7. Also
included are two auxiliary tables for use by persons in-
volved in the preparation of NEDS or NEDS-compati-
ble data. The contents of this document are as follows:
Appendix A-Recommended Method for entering
source of.volatile organic compound emissions into
NEDS. Appendix B-Source Classification Codes de-
leted from or added to the December 1975 list. Appen-
dix C--NEDS SSC and Emission Factor Listing.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Tables(Data), 'Na-
tional emissions data system, 'Emission factors, List-
ings, Volatile organic compounds.
PB82-233172 PCA21/MFA01
Short-Term Bloassays in the Analysis of Complex
Environmental Mixtures II,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Michael D. Waters, Shahbeg S. Sandhu, Joellen
Lewtas Huisingh, Larry Claxton, and Stephen Nesnow.
Mar 82,499p EPA-600/9-82-004
See also PB82-233180 through PB82-233545.
The present proceedings of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Second Symposium on the Appli-
cation of Short-term Bioassays in the Fractionation
and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures, held
in Williamsburg, VA, March 4-7, 1980, includes 37
papers as well as the Keynote Address. The papers
are divided according to the environmental media
wherein short-term bioassays are applied-ambient air,
water, and soil-and the sources of environmental pol-
lution-mobile source emissions, stationary source
emissions, and industrial emissions and effluents. A
separate section is devoted to the problems of health
hazard and risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Risk,
Hazards, National government, Sampling, Air pollution,
Distillation, Water pollution, Potable water, Effluents,
Environmental Protection Agency, Particulates, Muta-
genesis, Drinking water.
PB82-233180
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Bioassay of Partlculate Organic Matter from Am-
bient Air,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Joellen Lewtas Huisingh. Mar 82,11 p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p9-19 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233198
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Collection, Chemical Fractionation, and Mutage-
nicity Bioassay of Ambient Air Partlculate,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Alan Kolber, Thomas Wolff, Thomas Hughes, Edo
Pellizzari, and Charles Sparacino. Mar 82,23p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p21-43 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233206
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Evaluation of Collection and Extraction Methods
for Mutagenesis Studies on Ambient Air Partlcu-
late,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Jungers, R. Burton, L. Claxton, and J. Lewtas
Huisingh. Mar 82,21 p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D45-65 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233214
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Integration of the Ames Bioassay and Chemical
Analyses In an Epidemiologies! Cancer Incidence
Study,
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley. Air and
Industrial Hygiene Lab. Section.
C. Peter Flessel, Jerome J. Wesolowski, SuzAnne
Twiss, James Cheng, and Joel Ondo. Mar 82,17p
Included in Short-term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p67-83 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233222
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Mutageniclty of Airborne Partlculate Matter In Re-
lation to Traffic and Meteorological Conditions,
Central Inst. for Industrial Research, Oslo (Norway).
Ingrid Alfheim, and Mona Moeller. Mar 82,15p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p85-99 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233230
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Detection of Genetically Toxic Metals by a Micro-
liter Microblal DNA Repair Assay,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Chemistry.
Guylyn R. Warren. Mar 82,17p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p101-117 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233248
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
A Culture System for the Direct Exposure of Mam-
malian Cells to Airborne Pollutants,
California Univ., Irvine.
Ronald E. Rasmussen, and T. Timothy Crocker. Mar
82,13p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p119-131 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233255
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Is Drinking Water a Significant Source of Human
Exposure to Chemical Carcinogens and Muta-
gens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Richard J. Bull. Mar82,5p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures I!, p135-139 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233263
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Alternative Strategies and Methods for Concen-
trating Chemicals from Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Frederick C. Kopfler. Mar 82,13p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p141-153 Mar 82.
December 1983 1323
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
No abstract available.
PB82-233271
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Detection of Organic Mutagena In Water Resl-
CSndnnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
John C. Loper, and M. Wilson Tabor. Mar 82,11 p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p155-165 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233289
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Short-Term Method* for Assessing in vrvo Carci-
nogenic Acttvtty of Complex Mixtures,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael A. Peretra, and Richard J. Bull. Mar 82,9p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p167-175 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233297
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
TtM hsitUitlnQ BfKi ProfnotbiQ Activity of Cnwiil*
cftte tootatad from DrinldfiQ Wsters hi ttw Soncsr
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Merrel Robinson, John W. Glass, David Cmehil,
Richard J. Bull, and John G. Orthoefor. Mar 82,12p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p177-188 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Effluent Concentration for Application
to Notes! Systems,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
William D. Ross, William J. Hillan, Mark T. Wininger,
JoAnne Gridley, and Lan Fong Lee. Mar 82,11 p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p189-199 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233313
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Potential UttWy of Plant Teat System* for Envi-
ronmental Monitoring: An Overview,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Shahbeg Sandhu. Mar 82,8p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p203-210 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233321
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
•Arabktopslt' Assay of Environmental Mutagens,
Missouri Univ.-Cokunbia. Dept of Agronomy.
G.P.RedeLMay82,21p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II. p211-231 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233339
c~^__ ffrjeLas PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
SoytMMfi System for Tratino the Gowtlc Effects
of mduetrW Emission* and Liquid Effluents,
Nevada Univ.. Las Vegas. Dept of Biology.
BaktevK. Via Mar 82,100
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D233-242 Mar 82.
No abstract avaSabte.
PM2-233347
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Mutagenfctty of Nitrogen Compounds from S
theMc Crude Pis: CokecUon, Separation, and I
logical Testing,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
T. K. Rao, J. L Epter, M. R. Guerin, B. R. dark, and C-
H. Ho. Mar 82,9p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p243-251 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
P882-233354
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
The Detection of Potential Genetic Hazards Using
Plant Cytogenetlcs and Mteroblal Mutagenesls
Assays,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
Milton J. Constantin, Karen Lowe, T. K. Rao, Frank W.
Larimer, and James L Epler. Mar 82,14p
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p253-266 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233362
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Short-Term Cardnogenesls and Mutagenesls
Bioassays of Mobile-Source Emission*,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Joellen Lewtas Huisingh. Mar 82,7p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p269-275 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233370
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Tumorigeneais of Diesel Exhaust, Gasoline Ex-
haust, and Related Emission Extracts on Sencar
Mouse Skin,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Stephen Nesnow, Larry L Triplet!, and Thomas J.
Slaga.Mar82.21p
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p277-297 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233388
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Bacterial Mutagenesls. and the Evaluation of
Mobile-Source Emissions,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Larry Ctaxton, and Mike Kohan. Mar 82,19p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p299-317 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233396
(Order as PB82-233172. PC A21/MF A01)
Comparison of the Mutagenlc Activity in Carbon
Partteulate Matter and h Diesel and GasoHne
Engine Exhaust,
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden).
Goeran Loefroth. Mar 82,19p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p319-336 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233404
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Mutagenlc Effects of Environmental Particutates
In the CHO/HGPRT System,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. M. Chescheir, III, Neil E. Garrett, John D. Shelbume,
Joellen Lewtas Huisingh, and Michael D. Waters. Mar
82,13p
Sponsored in part by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared in cooperation
with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p337-350 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233412
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A Preliminary Study of the Clastogenlc Effects of
Diesel Exhaust Fumes Using the Tradescantia'
Micronudeus Bioassay,
Western Illinois Univ., Macomb.
Te-Hsiu Ma, Van A. Anderson, and Shahbeg S.
Sandhu. Mar 82,8p
Sponsored in part by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p351-358 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233420
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Ability of Uver Homogenates and Proteins to
Reduce the Mutagenlc Effect of Diesel Exhaust
PartJculates,
California Univ., Berkeley. School of Public Health.
Yi Y. Wang, and Eddie T. Wet. Mar 82,10p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p359-368 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233438
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Bioassays of Effluents from Stationary Sources:
An Overview,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. G. Merrill, Jr., W. W. McFee, and N. A. Jaworski. Mar
82,7p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p371-377 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233446
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Coal Fly Ash a* a Model Complex Mixture for
Short-Term Bioassay,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Gerald L. Rsher, Clarence E. Chrisp, and Floyd D.
Wilson. Mar 82,15p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D379-393 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-2334S3
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Possible Effects of Collection Methods and
Sample Preparation on Level 1 Health Effects
Testing of Complex Mixtures,
Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
D.J. BRISK*. Mar 82,15p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D395-409 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233461
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Biological Monitoring of FluMlzed Bed Coai Com-
bustion Operations I. Increased Mutagentetty
during Periods of Incomplete Combustion,
Argonne National Lab., IL
H. E. Kubitschek, D. M. Williams, and F. R. Kirchner.
Mar 82,10p
Included in Short-Ten^ Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p411-420 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233479
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF aOI)
Biological Monitoring of Fluldized Bed Coal Com-
bustion Operations II. Mammalian Responses Fol-
lowing Exposure to Gaseous Effluents,
Argonne National Lab., IL
F. R. Kirchner, D. M. Buchhotz, V. A. Pahnke, and C. A.
Reilly.Jr. Mar 82,1 Op
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p421-430 Mar 82.
1324 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
No abstract available.
PB82-233487
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Potential Toxlcl-
ty of Industrial Particles,
lir Research Inst, Chicago, IL.
Catherine Aranyi, Jeannie Bradof, Donald E. Gardner,
and Joellen Lewtas Huisingh. Mar 82,13p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p431-443 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233495
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Mutagenldty and Carcinogenlclty of a Recently
Characterized Carbon Black Adsorbate:
Cydopenta(cd)pyrene,
North Carolina Unw., Chapel Hill.
Avram Gold, Stephen Nesnow, Martha M. Moore,
Helen Garland, and Eric Eisenstadt. Mar 82,16p
Sponsored in part by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared in cooperation
with Harvard Univ., Boston, MA.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II. p445-460 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233503
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Mutagenctty of Coal Gasrflcalton and Liquefaction
Products,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
Rita Schoeny, David Warshawsky, Lois Hollingsworth,
Mary Hund, and George Moore. Mar 82,15p
Prepared in cooperation with Pittsburgh Energy Tech-
nology Center, PA.
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D461-475 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233511
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
The Role of Short-Term Tests In Assessing the
Human Health Hazards of Environmental Chemi-
cals: An Overview,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Michael D. Waters. Mar 82, 5p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p479-483 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
Roy E. Albert. Mar 82, 6p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p507-512 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233644 PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Injury In Rats Following Continuous
Exposure to 60 Percent O2 for 7 Days. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gholamhossain Hayatdavoudi, John J. O'Neil, Brenda
E. Barry, Bruce A. Freeman, and James D. Crapo. 5
Jun81,14pEPA-600/J-81-032
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Envi-
ronmental and Exercise Physiology, v51 n5 p1220-
1231 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham.
Morphological, biochemical, and physiological studies
were done on rats exposed to 60% O(2) for 7 days.
This exposure did not induce O(2) tolerance but in-
stead caused a significant decrease in survival time of
animals subsequently exposed to pure 0(2).
Keywords: 'Oxygen, 'Respiratory system, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Rats, Exposure, Physiological effects,
Tolerance(Physiology), Lung, Reprints.
PB82-233529
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
The International Program for the Evaluation of
Snort-Term Tests for Cardnogenlclty (IPESTTC),
National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Frederick J. de Serres. Mar 82,10p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, p485-494 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233537
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Sperm Assays In Man and Other Mammals as Indi-
cators of Chemically Induced Testteular Dysfunc-
tion,
Lawrence LJvermore National Lab., CA.
Andrew J. Wyrobek. Mar 82,12p
Included in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures II, D495-506 Mar 82.
No abstract available.
PB82-233545
(Order as PB82-233172, PC A21/MF A01)
Assessing Carcinogenic Risk Resulting from
Complex Mixtures,
New York Univ., NY. Inst of Environmental Medicine.
PB82-233651 PC A02/MF A01
Energy Impact Assessment for Alternative Levels
of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for
Ozone (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun78,23p
This document outlines the energy impact on each of
the four alternative air quality standards for ozone. The
cost estimates are based on the least-cost control
strategy for each source evaluated. Recently complet-
ed studies on energy impacts associated with asphalt
paving, gasoline marketing, automobile and light truck
body painting operation, and petroleum refining form
the principal data base on energy impacts used in this
study. The estimates of the overall impacts are based
on 90 non-attainment Air Quality Control Regions and
on the impact associated with specific control strate-
gies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Ozone, Stand-
ards, Petroleum refining, Coatings, Gasoline, Asphalts,
Cost estimates, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Statistical
data, 'Air pollution economics, 'Air quality, 'Energy
accounting, Energy analysis.
PB82-234071 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Method Development for Determination of Poly-
chlorinated Hydrocarbons In Municipal Sludge.
Final rept.
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Charles F. Rodriguez, William A. McMahon, and
Richard E. Thomas. Apr 82,72p EPA-600/4-82-035
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
This report describes the work performed and the con-
clusions obtained from a study on the development of
a method for analysis of municipal sewage sludge for
chlorinated pesticides and biphenyls. The methodolo-
gy developed consists of extraction of the polychlori-
nated compounds by liquid-liquid partitioning, cleanup
by removal of some interferences on a liquid chroma-
tographic column and by precipitation of sulfur with
mercury, concentration by evaporation of the extract-
ing solvent, detection and quantification by electron
capture gas chromatography, and confirmation of
identity by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The methodology developed was determined to pro-
vide a sound basis for the determination of polychlori-
nated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in mu-
nicipal sewage treatment facilities. The detection limit
attained by application of the methodology to a
number of different sludge and 3 to 15 microgram per
gram dry sludge for the multicomponent polychlorinat-
ed formulations studied, chlordane, toxaphene, and
Arochlor1260.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Chemical
analysis, Pesticides, Gas chromatography. Mass spec-
troscopy, Solvent extraction, Chlordan, 'Sewage
sludge, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Electron capture
gas chromatography, Toxaphene, Arochlor 1260, Pro-
cedures.
PB82-234089 PC A04/MF A01
Comparison of Three Ozone Models: Urban
Airshed, City-Specific EKMA and Proportional
Rollback. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Gerald L. Gipson. Mar 82, 62p EPA-450/4-82-002
The results of using three different types of models to
assess the potential effectiveness of ozone control
strategies are described. Data collected during the
RAPS program conducted in St. Louis were used to
develop inputs for a complex photochemical air quality
simulation model. The model was used to simulate a
number of control strategies to establish their potential
for lowering ozone levels. These strategies were repli-
cated with two simpler models - City-specific and Roll-
back. The results obtained with the simpler models
were then compared to those found with the more
complex model. Neither of the simpler models agreed
with the complex under all conditions. However, in esti-
mating the degree of control necessary to reduce peak
ozone to the level of the national standard, the differ-
ences between the complex model and City-specific
EKMA were usually less than 10%. Differences be-
tween Rollback and the complex model were usually
less than 20%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Ozone, Comparison, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Urban airshed models, 'EKMA models, 'Propor-
tional rollback models, 'Air quality, Photochemical air
quality simulation models.
PB82-234105 PC A08/MF A01
Technical Basis for Developing Control Strategies
for High Ambient Concentrations of Nitrogen Di-
oxide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Edwin L Meyer, Donald H. Sennet, Henry S. Cole, and
Harold G. Richter. Sep 80,152p EPA-450/4-80-017
The report presents information which may prove
useful in designing control strategies to reduce high
short-term and/or annual concentrations of nitrogen
dioxide (NO2). Specific implications of findings of the
design of control strategies are identified. The follow-
ing topics are discussed: (1) nature and significance of
manmade and natural sources of NOx; (2) mecha-
nisms by which NO2 is formed in the atmosphere; (3)
monitoring network design, data quality checks, and
the extent of high N02 concentrations observed in the
U.S. from 1975-77; (4) the extent to which NO2 is
transported from urban to suburban areas and over
longer distances; (5) derived relationships between
NO2, NO and organic pollutants; (6) procedures for ex-
amining monitoring data to estimate impacts of various
source categories observed on high levels of NO2;
and (7) modeling procedures for N02 which are avail-
able.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Air pollution abatement.
Air pollution, Smog, Photochemical reactions, Nitrogen
oxides, Sources, Monitoring, Mathematical models,
Transport properties, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB82-234147 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Characterization of Diesel Emissions from Oper-
ation of a Light-Duty Diesel Vehicle on Alternate
Source Diesel Fuels. Final rept. Jun 80-Ocl 81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowski. Nov 81,190p EPA-460/3-82-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
Several alternate source diesel test fuels were studied
to note their effects on regulated and unregulated ex-
haust emissions from a 1980 Volkswagen Rabbit. Nine
fuel blends were tested, including a No. 2 petroleum
diesel as base, base plus coal-derived liquids (via
SRC-II and EDS processes), shale oil diesel and jet
fuel, and other blends of coal-derived liquids, shale oil
liquids, and petroleum stocks. Analyses performed in-
clude gaseous hydrocarbons, CO, NOx, paniculate
mass, phenols, smoke, odor, Ames tests, BaP, and po-
December 1983 1325
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
larity by HPLC. Smoke and particulate increases were
generally associated with use of coal-derived liquids.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuels, *Air pollution,
Substitutes, Blends, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Phenols, Smoke, Odors,
Gas analysis, Particle size, 'Diesel engine exhaust,
'Light duty vehicles, High performance liquid chroma-
tography.
PB82-234170 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Effects of Chemistry and Meteorology on
Ozone Control Calculations Using Simple Trajec-
tory Models and the EKMA Procedure,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, and C. N. Salmi. Nov 81,
394p EPA-450/4-81-034
Contract EPA-68-O2-3523
Three chemical kinetics mechanisms (Carbon Bond II,
lumped species mechanism used in Demeriian and
Senate's photochemical box model and the Cal Tech
mechanism developed by McRae) were used in a
modified version of the OZIPP model to replicate smog
chamber data in which automotive exhaust was irradi-
ated (Bureau of Mines data). Two of the mechanisms
(CBII and Demenian) agreed with the data, as well as
the existing mechanism in OZIPP (Dodge propytene/
butane). The OZIPP model was next used to simulate
several days of observations made during the St. Louis
RAPS. In several cases, it was found that the meteoro-
logical input and/or assumptions did not allow an ade-
quate basis to compare the mechanisms. Three days
in which the meteorological input appeared appropri-
ate were simulated using OZIPP with the Dodge, De-
menian and CBII mechanisms. Differing peak ozone
and control estimates were obtained, depending on
the day simulated and choice of mechanism. Sensitivi-
ty tests were employed to explore observed differ-
ences among the mechanisms tested.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution control, 'Mathemati-
cal models. Reaction kinetics, Nomographs, Smog,
Test chambers, 'EKMA models, 'OZIPP models,
'Simple trajectory models. Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms. Numerical solution, State implementation
plans.
PB82-234188 PC A09/MF A01
Envrommerrtal Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Sensitivity of Complex Photochemical Model
Estimates to (Mai hi Input Information,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
T. W. Tesche, C. Seigneur, L E. Reid. P. M. Roth, and
W. R. Oliver. Sep 81,183p SAI-330R-EF81 -5, EPA-
450/4-61-031A
Contract EPA-68-02-2870
Using the air quality, meteorological and emissions
data base available in the Los Angeles area, two days
with distinctly efferent meteorology are simulated
using a photochemical grid model (Urban Airshed
Model). The data base used to generate model inputs
is then degraded for the purpose of noting which data
are most essential to collect in order to have a com-
plex grid model perform adequately. The results are
used to develop a more general methodology for prior-
itizing data needs. The methodology considers model
sensitivity to input derived from data bases of varying
detail, expense in collecting the data, and the uncer-
tainly associated with deriving model input variables
from the data base.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models,
•Grids(Coordinates), 'Air pollution. Photochemistry,
Ozone, Ctoncentratkxi(Composrtion), Sensitivity,
Urban areas, Meteorology. 'Air quality, Urban airshed
model. South Coast Air Basin.
PB82-234196 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quafity Planning and Standards.
The Sensmvfty of Complex Photochemical Model
Estimate* to Detal In Input Information - Appen-
dtaft Specmcatjonand Assessment of Airshed
Model Input ReojulieiiieiilBf
Systems Applications, Inc.. San Rafael, CA,
T. W. Tesche. Sep 81,50p SAI-332-EF81 -4, EPA-450/
4-81-031C
Contract EPA-68-02-2870
Report identifies key inputs to a photochemical grid
model (Urban Airshed Model). A literature review sum-
marizing sensitivity test performed prior to 1981 is also
presented. Costs associated with obtaining various
kinds of input data in past studies are also estimated.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models,
•Grids(Coordinates), 'Air pollution, Photochemistry,
Ozone, Sensitivity, Assessments, Oxidizers, Input,
Tables(Data), 'Air quality, Urban airshed model, State
implementation plans, Emission inventories.
PB82-234204 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Comparative Application of the KMA In the Los
Angeles Area,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, and H. Hogo. Sep 81,10Op EPA-450/4-
81-031D
Contract EPA-68-02-2870
The ability of seven models, ranging in sophistication
from the SAI Urban Airshed Photochemical Grid Model
to a published set of ozone isopletti curves (i.e.,
'standard' or Level IV EKMA) to predict peak ozone is
examined for three days observing high ozone in the
Los Angeles Basin. The impact of control strategies
simulated with each of the models is also compared.
Impact of specific differences among models such as
different means of considering horizontal and vertical
diffusion and use of different chemical mechanisms is
also examined.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Photochemistry, Comparison, Nomographs,
Urban airshed model, Los Angeles Basin, .EKMA
models.
PB82-234212 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluating Simple Oxktant Prediction Methods
Using Complex Photochemical Models: Cluster
Analysis Applied to Urban Ozone Characteristics,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Martin S. Hillyer. Aug 81,43p SAI-81176, EPA-450/4-
81-031E
Contract EPA-68-02-2870
This report describes efforts to classify cities observ-
ing ozone levels greater than 0.12 ppm into distinct
subgroups. Ouster analysis, using such factors mixing
height wind speed, temperature, NMOC/NOx ratio
ana type of precursor sources, is used to identify sub-
groups of cities. Identification of a limited number of
such subgroups could provide a means for more con-
vincingly demonstrating the general applicability of
complex photochemical models by conducting valida-
tion exercises in cities representative of each sub-
group. The report indicates that the technique shows
promise but, nevertheless, requires some further re-
finement before it can be used to identify most appro-
priate subgroups.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Clustering, 'Math-
ematical modeling, Urban areas, Nitrogen oxides,
Classification.
PB82-234220 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Sensitivity of Complex Photochemical Model
Estimate* to Detail In Input Information. Appendix
A: A Compilation of Simulation Results,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael. CA.
C. Seigneur. T. W. Tesche, L E. Reid, P. M. Roth, and
W. R. Stiver. Sep 81,247p SAI/EF81 -6. EPA-450/4-
81-031B
Contract EPA-66-02-2870
See also PB82-234188.
This report summarizes results of 22 sensitivity tests in
which the impact of degrading the data base in the Los
Angeles area on predictions of a photochemical grid
model (Urban Airshed Model) is tested. Input tested in-
cludes upper air and surface meteorological and air
quality data, initial and boundary conditions, speciation
of organic pollutants, temporal and areal resolution of
emissions, model grid square size, and vertical resolu-
tion available in the model.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models,
'Grids(Coordinates), 'Air pollution, Photochemistry,
Sensitivity, Meteorology, Ozone, Graphs(Charts), 'Air
quality, Urban airshed model.
PB82-234238 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance In Support of Energy Related
Monitoring Activities: Annual Report No. 3,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
Miriam Lev-On, and Mark Cher. Apr 82,56p EPA-600/
4-82-036
Contract EPA-68-02-2412
See also PB82-234311, and PB80-135270.
This report describes and summarizes the activities
during the third year of the program entitled, Quality
Assurance in Support of Energy Related Activities.
The activities reported cover the period from October
1, 1978 to September 30, 1979. The purpose of this
program is to establish a quality assurance data base
for ambient air monitoring in specified geographical
areas around present and proposed energy develop-
ment projects, and to provide technical assistance to
enable monitoring networks to achieve a high level of
data quality. Discussed in this report are the regularly
scheduled Quality Control Reference Sample Audits
conducted for the analysis of sulfate, nitrate, sulfur di-
oxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, and for
weight measurement and high-volume flow rate. In
these surveys reference samples or devices are sub-
mitted to participating laboratories and their results
compared with those obtained by Rockwell. Perform-
ance results for the third year of the program have re-
mained essentially constant for sulfate, nitrate, sulfur
dioxide and carbon monoxide. The results for carbon
monoxide are noteworthy for their consistently high
quality. Results for nitrogen dioxide have shown some
improvement, but do not continue the trend indicated
in the last three audits of 1978. Improvements in per-
formance have also been quite notable in the high-
volume survey.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, Surveys,
Monitoring, Audits, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Carbon monoxide. Performance evaluation.
PB82-234246 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Emissions and Residue Values from Waste Dis-
posal During Wood Preserving. Rnal rept Jun 80-
AugBl,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Bruce DaRos, Richard Merill, H. Kirk Willard, C. Dean
Wolbach, and Donald Wilson. Apr 82, 245p FR-81 -95/
EE, EPA-600/2-82-062
Contracts EPA-68-03-2567, EPA-68-03-3028
This document reports emissions and residue that
were measured from thermal (pan) evaporation, spray
pond evaporation, and direct combustion of organic
components in wood preserving wastewater. The in-
formation presented includes plant and evaporation
device descriptions, test plans, sampling and analyti-
cal results, and conclusions and recommendations.
Also presented are qualitative descriptions of the fugi-
tive emissions and residues that occur during process-
ing operations. The primary conclusions are that or-
ganic compounds are emitted to the atmosphere
during thermal (pan) evaporation. Organic emissions
from the spray pond were below detectable levels.
Contrarily, solid residues in evaporators had low con-
centrations of toxic organic constituents while residues
in spray ponds contained much higher levels than the
feed wastewater. Fugitive organic emissions from the
retort and vacuum vents were in high concentration al-
though of limited duration. Thermal destruction of
wastewater sludge by co-firing in an industrial wood
fired boiler was 96 to 99.99+ percent complete for all
organic components measured. Dioxins and furan
values varied too much for removal determination but
were evident in all ash and sludge samples. Details of
their analysis by three laboratories are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Wood preservation, 'Organ-
ic compounds, Water pollution, Sludge disposal, Evap-
oration, Residues, Industrial wastes, Solid wastes, Fu-
gitive emissions.
1326 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-234253 PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of Ames 'Salmonella Typhimurium'
Plate Incorporation Test Protocols.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Stephanie Toney, and Larry D. Claxton. Feb 82,97p
EPA-600/2-82-010
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
The purpose of this document is to tabulate the differ-
ences between the submitted protocols and to note
the modifications from the 1975 Ames reference. The
tables show the differences obtained between labora-
tories in bacterial strain maintenance, metabolic acti-
vation systems, chemical controls, preparation of
medias and solutions, and of the assay procedure
itself. The recommendations of de Serres and Shelby
and any revisions by Ames are also included. No at-
tempt is made to evaluate any laboratory or indicate a
preferable method for the test. Some laboratories may
have Standard Operating Procedures that are more
detailed than the submitted protocols. Changes or re-
visions that have taken place in a protocol since sub-
mission are not noted in this document In addition,
laboratories that use Ames' reference (1975) as their
main protocol may have only sent their modifications.
Keywords: 'Cultures(Biology), 'Bacteria, "Toxicology,
Comparison, Mutagens, Tables(Data), Culture media,
Metabolism, Assaying, Ames tests, Protocols, Salmo-
nella typhimurium, Mutagenesis.
PB82-234261 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Evaluation of Commercially Available
Passive Organic Personal Monitors. Final rept.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Robert W. Coutant. Apr 82,39p EPA-600/4-82-031
Contract EPA-68-02-2686
A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine
the potential utility and limitations for the use of com-
mercially available passive dosimeters for monitoring
volatile organic compounds at ambient levels. Test
compounds included chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromo-
dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, benzene, tetrach-
kxoetrtytene, and chkxobenzene. Devices examined
included passive dosimeters manufactured by 3M,
DuPont, and Abcor.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Dosimeters, Labo-
ratory equipment Monitoring, Chloroform, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Benzene, Chlorobenzenes, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, De-
sorption, Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Volatile organic compounds, Ethane/dichloro,
Ethane/trichloro, Methane/bromc-dichloro, Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB82-234279 PC A02/MF A01
Some Research Needs to Support Mutagenic Risk
Assessments from Whole Mammal Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
Ernest R. Jackson, John R. Fowls, III, and Peter E.
Voytek. May 82,20p EPA-600/D-82-322
This paper presents an approach to use DNA binding
data to obtain information as to the possible shape of
the dose response curve at low chemical exposure
levels in whole mammals. Such information will be
useful for both mutagenic and carcinogenic risk esti-
mations in which high to low dose extrapolations are
necessary. The paper also discusses the uses of ge-
netic damage tests that can be performed in both
humans and experimental mammals and how these
tests may be useful in estimating mutagenic risks.
Keywords: 'Mammals, 'Toxicology, Dosage, Re-
sponses, Bioassay, Genetics, Laboratory tests, Deox-
yribonuctetc acids, Estimates, 'Risk assessments,
'Mutagenesis.
PB82-234287 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Aeration Basin Configuration on Bulking
at Low Organic Loading. Final rept,
California Univ., Richmond. Sanitary Engineering and
Environmental Health Research Lab.
Sang-Eun Lee, Ben L Koopman, and David Jenkins.
Jul 82,37p EPA-600/2-82-081
Grant EPA-R-806107
Continuous-flow laboratory-scale activated sludge
units were operated on domestic sewage at low F/M.
In CSTR units at the F/M range of 0.05-0.25 g COD re-
moved/g TMLVSS, day, bulking did not occur with a
weak (BOD(5) = 139 mg/L) sewage feed and TMLSS
= 1.5 g/L Supplementation of sewage by blending
with raw sludge produced a stronger sewage (BOD(5)
= 315 mg/L) which caused TMLSS to increase to 3.5
g/L. Bulking occurred in CSTR, 2, 4, 8, and 16 com-
partment units. An aeration basin with initial compart-
ment 1 /32nd of aeration basin volume prevented but
did not cure bulking. An aeration basin with initial com-
partments 1 /74th of aeration basin volume, prevented
and cured bulking. Anoxia in an aeration basin with two
initial compartments each 1/64th of the total aeration
basin volume did not aid in curing bulking. The SVI of
sludges at low F/M (0.3-0.35 g COD removed/g
TMLVSS, day) and high TMLSS (3.5 g/L) is related to
conditions in the initial compartment rather than those
in the remainder of the aeration basin. Initial compart-
ment soluble COD, first-compartment F/M, and initial
compartment size are important; floe loading, disper-
sion number and total number of aeration basin com-
partments are not important.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Activated sludge
treatment, 'Bulking, 'Aeration, Performance evalua-
tion, Graphs(Charts).
PB82-234295 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration of Noise Control for the DDA 6V-
92TTA Heavy Duty Truck Diesel Engine. Final rept.,
Cambridge Collaborative, Inc., MA.
Richard G. DeJong, Natan E. Parsons, and Jerome E.
Manning. May 82,71 p EPA-550/9-82-336
Contract EPA-68-01 -4737
This report presents the results of an engineering
study to design and demonstrate methods of reducing
diesel engine block vibration and radiated noise. The
Detroit Diesel Allison 6V-92TTA heavy duty diesel
truck engine was selected for the demonstration. This
engine was structurally modified to reduce vibration
and noise due to the unit injectors and piston-slap. The
modifications were designed so that the noise reduc-
tion was achieved without degrading engine perform-
ance, fuel economy, or emissions. A 4dBA reduction of
overall engine noise reduction was demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Noise
reduction, Vibration, Structural design, Fuel injectors,
Pistons, Noise pollution, Allison 6V-92TTA engines,
Noise levels, Engine modification.
PB82-234303 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Short-Term Screening Test for Quick Responses
to Pollutants Where Health Effects Data Are Lack-
Br*P
Hi Research Inst, Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
John G. Drummond, James D. Fenters, Richard
Ehriich, Catherine Aranyi, and Leonard J. Schiff. Feb
82,41p EPA-600/1-82-004
Contract EPA-68-02-2088
Results of assessment of various health effects pa-
rameters were correlated to determine which tests
were the most sensitive indicators of toxic effects of
exposure to sulfate aerosols. Inhalation studies were
conducted involving single 3-hr exposure to various
concentrations of cupric sulfate (0.43 - 2.64 mg/cu m),
aluminum sulfate (1.65 - 2.75 mg/cu m), and aluminum
ammonium sulfate (1.47 - 3.81 mg/cu m); and multiple
5 or 10 daily 3-hr exposures to cupric sulfate (0.1 mg/
cu m). The test parameters studied in CD1 mice were
changes in mortality after respiratory infection with
Streptococcus pyooenes; pulmonary bactericidal ac-
tivity, pulmonary cell number, type, viability, and ATP
content; and pulmonary morphology by scanning elec-
tron microscopy. Trachael ciliary beating frequency
and morphology were also studied in both CD1 mice
and Syrian golden hamsters.
Keywords: 'Screenings, 'Toxicology, 'Sulfates, Aero-
sols, Physiological effects, Air pollution, Exposure,
Respiration, Sensitivity, Concentration(Composition),
Mice, Laboratory animals, Bacteria, Mortality, Bioas-
say, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), Streptococcus
pyogenes.
PB82-234311 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance in Support of Energy Related
Monitoring Activities. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
Mark Cher, and Miriam Lev-On. Apr 82,78p EPA-600/
4-82-037
Contract EPA-68-02-2412
See also PB82-234238.
This summary describes and summarizes the activities
and achievements of the program entitled Quality As-
surance in Support of Energy Related Activities. The
activities reported cover the period from July 13,1976
to December 31, 1980. The purpose of this program
was to establish a quality assurance program to pro-
vide a data base for ambient air monitoring in specified
geographical areas around present and proposed
energy development projects (83), and to provide
technical assistance to enable existing monitoring net-
works to achieve a high level of data quality. A major
goal of the program was to give the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) access to monitoring data
from diverse sources for future study and planning pur-
poses. This goal involved providing information con-
cerning data quality from the individual monitoring net-
works. The scope of work was divided into four task
areas involving: (a) Quality Assurance System Audits,
(b) Quality Control Reference Sample Audits, (c) Cali-
bration Performance Audits, and (d) Technical Assist-
ance to the Laboratories.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Quality assurance, Audits,
Performance evaluation, Monitoring.
PB82-234329 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Short-Term NO2 Plume Models for
Point Sources. Volume 1: Technical Discussion.
Final rept. Aug 77-Jul 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. A. Yocke, D. A. Stewart, J. Johnson, and R. J. Frost.
Dec81,194p EPA-600/4-81-079
Contract EPA-68-02-2775
Models for predicting short-term NO2 concentrations
are discussed, and several (RPM-II, TCM, OLM, and
CNOM) are selected for evaluation. The MISTT data,
collected in 1976, were to be used to evaluate the
models, but careful scrutiny of the data base revealed
certain deficiencies relative to the data needs of the
models. These deficiencies preclude a strict evalua-
tion of the performance of the models, but simple fit-
ting techniques were used to compensate for input
data deficiencies. The models are shown to perform
reasonably well using simple statistical measures of
performance. The performance of the models is also
evaluated using a 'restricted' data base (i.e., one that
could be derived from NSW, local, or state agency
data sources only), and model performance is shown
to be poorer with the 'unrestricted' data base.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Mathe-
matical models, Plumes, Performance evaluation, Sub-
stitutes, Concentration(Composition), 'Point sources.
PB82-234428 PC A05/MF A01
Interim Guideline on Air Quality Models. Guideline
series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 77, 94p OAQPS-1.2-080
The purpose of this guide is to recommend air quality
modeling techniques that may be applied to air pollu-
tion control strategy evaluation and to new source re-
views, including prevention of significant deterioration.
This guide makes specific recommendations concern-
ing air quality models, data bases and general require-
ments for concentration estimates. These should be
followed in all evaluations relative to State Implemen-
tation Plan (SIPs). If the recommended model is not
applicable to a particular situation then other alterna-
tives that may be used are noted.
December 1983 1327
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution, * Mathematical models,
•Guidelines, Standards, 'Air pollution abatement, *Air
quality, State Implementation Plans.
PB82-234618 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling for High-Molecular-Weight Organic
Compounds in Power Plant Stack Gases. Final
rept,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
Walter R. Dickson, Herbert C. Miller, and William J.
Barrett May 82,50p SORI-EAS-80-387, EPA-600/7-
82-039
Contract EPA-68-02-2272
The results of laboratory and field investigations of ex-
perimental sampling systems intended to collect high-
molecular-weight organic compounds from flue gases
in coal-fired power plants are presented. The most
promising sampling device was a solid sorbent car-
tridge inserted directly into the flue gas stream and
cooled to a temperature just above the dew point by a
forced flow of external ambient air. Although certain
sorbent materials were shown to be partially effective
for the collection of vapors of polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons at temperatures of 50 to 60C, no com-
pletely satisfactory sorbent was found. Ambersorb XE-
340, a nonpolar carbonaceous sorbent, was the most
satisfactory of several organic and inorganic sorbent
materials tried, but its usefulness was limited by the
presence of contaminants that could not be removed.
The simplicity of the sampling system and the results
obtained suggest that continuing efforts should be
made to find a better sorbent material.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Electric power
plants. Flue gases, Industrial wastes. Combustion
products, Sorbents, Sampling, *Coal fired power
plants, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB82-234667 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Further Characterization of Sorbents for Environ-
mental SampHng-ll. Final rept May 79-Aug 81,
UttJe (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. C. Harris, E. V. Miseo, and J. F. Piecewicz. Jun 82,
47p IERL-RTP-1304,, EPA-600/7-82-052
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
See also PB80-118763, PB-268 559, and PB-284 347.
The report is the fourth in a series providing character-
ization data related to the use of sorbents for emis-
sions sampling. It provides retention and recovery data
for several sorbates on XAD-2, XAD-7, Tenax-GC, Am-
bersorb XE-340, and Florisil. Retention properties of
two organometallic compounds are given, and the
effect of methane in a sample stream is shown. Mixed
sorbent effects are shown to be negligible over all con-
ditions studied.
Keywords: 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Air pollution, Gas
chromatography, Sampling, Comparison, Metal con-
taining organic compounds, Volume, Laboratory equip-
ment XAD-2 resins, Tenax-GC resins, XAD-4 resins,
XE-340 resins, Florisil, Ambersorbs.
PB82-235540 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Hearth Impacts, Emissions, and Emission Factors
for Noncrtteria Pollutants Subject to 'De Mlnimis'
Guidelines and Emitted from Stationary Conven-
tional Combustion Processes. Special rept.,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
D. G. Ackerman, M. T. Haro, G. Richard, A. M. Takata,
and P. J. Welter. Jun 80,106p EPA-450/2-80-074
Contract EPA-68-02-3138
Prepared in cooperation with Bartelle Columbus Div.,
OH.
Report presents a literature survey of the health and
ecological effects associated with various air quality
levels of noncriteria pollutants that are regulated under
the Clean Air Act These noncriteria pollutants include
mercury, beryllium, asbestos, sulfuric acid mist vinyl
chloride, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl
sulfide, carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide. Nation-
wide emissions are estimated for each noncriteria pol-
lutant with particular emphasis on contributions from
fossil fuel combustion at stationary sources. Factors
for quantifying emissions from fossil fuel combustion
processes are discussed for each noncriteria pollutant.
Keywords: 'Public health, *Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Comparison,
Ecology, Mercury(Metal), Beryllium, Asbestos, Sulfuric
acid, Hydrogen sulfide, Industrial wastes, Vinyl chlo-
ride resins, Air quality, "Stationary conventional com-
bustion processes, Environmental health, 'Emission
factors, Mercaptan/methyl, Prevention of significant
air quality deterioration, Carbon disulfide, Sumde/car-
bonyl.
PB82-235573 PC A07/MF A01
National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead.
Draft environmental impact statement
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 77,144p
Under Section 109 of the Clean Air Act the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency intends to propose a Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead. The
sources and 1975 ambient air concentrations of lead,
trends in growth, and existence and potential for lead
emissions control have been summarized. Emission
control strategies have been developed and, under
one strategy developed, the nationwide environmental
impacts of establishing the standard at 1.0 mjcrc-
grams/cu m, at 1.5 micrograms/cu m, or at 2.0 micro-
grams/cu m have been assessed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Lead(Metal), Standards, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Trends, Air pollution con-
trol, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products. Exhaust emissions, 'National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, Stationary sources.
PB82-235581 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Demonstration of Noise Control for the Cummins
NTC-350 Heavy Duty Truck Diesel Engine. Final
rept,
Cambridge Collaborative, Inc., MA.
Natan E. Parsons, Richard G. DeJong, and Jerome E.
Manning. Jun 82,62p EPA-550/9-82-335
Contract EPA-68-01 -4737
This report presents the results of an engineering
study to design and demonstrate a method of reducing
piston-slap noise for an in-line, heavy duty truck diesel
engine. The Cummins NTC-350 engine was selected
for the demonstration. The engine heads and cylinder
liners were structurally modified to reduce the vibration
transmission to the engine block and the radiated
noise. The modifications were designed to achieve a 5
dBA noise reduction without degrading engine per-
formance, fuel economy, or emissions.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Engine noise,
'Noise reduction, Vibration. Combustion, Infection,
Noise pollution, Cummins NTC-350 engines, Cummins
motor vehicles, Noise levels, Piston slap.
PB82-235847 PC A05/MF A01
Public Education and Information Manual for
Noise.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jun 80,99p EPA-550/9-80-401
This manual is designed to assist with the implementa-
tion of a State and/or local noise control public educa-
tion and information program. The purposes of the pro-
gram are: (a) To increase the awareness and knowl-
edge levels of the general public with respect to the
potentially harmful health effects of excessive noise
and the effects of noise on their quality of life, (b) To
foster and promote locally and individually initiated
noise control actions, (c) To motivate and generate the
support of the general public, public/private agencies
and organizations, groups and associations for the in-
creased role of State and local governments in noise
control and abatement (d) To encourage citizens to
participate in the design and implementation of local
noise control efforts.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Education, Local gov-
ernment Public opinion, Motivation, Quality of life, Citi-
zen participation, State government Public hearth.
PB62-235888 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Atmospheric Emissions from Lead Typesetting
Operations: Screening Study. Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Richard W. Gerstle, Tom C. Ponder, and Fred D. Hall.
Oct76,78p
Contract EPA-68-02-2085
Atmospheric emissions from hot-metal typesetting op-
erations are investigated in this screening study. Three
letterpress printing processes entail the use of hot
metal: linotype, monotype, and stereotype. These
processes are described and potential emission
sources identified. Techniques for control of emissions
include use of Rotoclones, wet scrubbers, filters, and
electrostatic precipitators. Estimated capital costs and
annualized operating and maintenance costs of these
devices are presented. Three hot-metal printing oper-
ations in which emissions are well-controlled are de-
scribed in detail. Annual estimates of total nationwide
emissions from hot metal printing amount to approxi-
mately 1370 tons of participate including 480 tons of
lead. It is projected that no new hot metal type printing
facilities will start operation and that emissions of lead
from the printing industry will steadily decrease by
about 8 percent per year until 1986.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Letter-
press printing, Scrubbers, Air filters, Electrostatic pre-
cipitators. Industrial wastes, Hot pressing, Metals,
Lead(Metal), Particles.
PB82-235920 PC AOS/MF A01
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN), 1980, Annual rept,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Walter W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, Richard M. Adams, Gail
Bingham, and Joseph E. Miller. Mar 82,99p EPA-600/
3-82-001
U.S. field crop production is valued at more than $50
billion annually. Crops are known to be sensitive to air
pollution stress. Even a small percentage reduction in
crop yield due to air pollution exposure could cause bil-
lions of dollars in direct and secondary economic
losses. The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) consists of a group of cooperating govern-
ment and nongovernment organizations engaged in
field work, crop modeling, and economic studies to
assess immediate and long-term economic conse-
quences of the effects of air pollution on crop produc-
tion. The program will define the relationships between
yields of major agricultural crops and doses of ozone,
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and their mixtures
using state-of-the-art technology in the field with realis-
tic pollutant exposure regimes. These data will be used
to assess the economic consequences of exposure of
agricultural crops to these pollutants.
Keywords: 'Agricultural economics, 'Farm crops, 'Air
pollution, Assessments, Losses, Acclimatization,
Yield, Economic models, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen dioxide, Exposure, Stress(Physiology), Mixtures,
Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB82-235995 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Organic Contamination of Water by
Reverse Osmosis Concentration System. Final
rept,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
B. Mason Hughes, William H. Hedley, and Stephen C.
Lynch. Mar 82,29p* EPA-600/7-82-007
Contract EPA-68-03-2550
Prepared in cooperation with Gulf South Research
Inst, New Orleans, LA.
The objective of this program was to determine wheth-
er the membrane or other components of the reverse
osmosis system used to concentrate water samples
for health effects testing was itself adding significant
quantities of organic impurities to them. Two batches
of very pure, low organic-content water from Well 4,
Villa West in Hammond, Louisiana, were concentrated
using this system and both the raw water and the con-
centrates were analyzed by glass capillary gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry. The analyses
showed that chromatographable, organic contami-
nants in the 1-10 ppb range, (consisting mainly of sili-
cones and phthalates) were present in sample con-
1328 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
centrates and blanks. It is concluded that the reverse
osmosis systems used do not contribute chromatogra-
phable organic pollutants in the processed waters at
concentrations exceeding 10 ppb.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Water pollution
control, Membranes, Chemical analysis, Water analy-
sis, Sampling, Water wells,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, 'Reverse osmosis.
PB82-236027 PC A11 /MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Carbon Fiber Data Base: Data Base Review and
Assessment of Carbon Fiber Release into the En-
vironment Final rept. 13 Aug 79-30 Sep 80.
Bionetics Corp., Hampton, VA.
Mar 82,244p* EPA-600/2-82-038
Contract EPA-68-03-2848
This study addressed the eventual disposal of carbon
fiber composites in municipal waste streams. A survey
of current literature presents the effects of fires on
carbon fiber composites, the effects of airborne
carbon fibers including incidents of electrical failures,
applications of composites, the direction of current re-
search and the present manufacturers of both fiber
and composites. A bibliography lists the pertinent pub-
lications and data sources. Reviews of Federal Carbon
Fiber Programs include those concerned with fire acci-
dents, the effects of airborne fibers and the develop-
ment of measurement techniques for airborne carbon
fibers. The sources of carbon fiber composites enter-
ing municipal waste streams are identified, the capa-
bilities of solid waste disposal techniques have been
evaluated and includes an estimate for a potential re-
lease of airborne carbon fibers from municipal inciner-
ators. The Federal Agencies involved in carbon fiber
studies are listed together with their coordinator or
principal investigators.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Environmental impacts,
'Composite materials, 'Solid waste disposal, Infor-
mation systems, Transport properties. Reviews, As-
sessments, Incinerators, Risk assessments, Path of
pollutants, Sewage treatment effluents.
PB82-236043 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Waste Fuel Use In Cement Kilns.
Project rept Aug 79-Mar 81,
Kearney (A.T.), Inc., /
, Alexandria, VA.
Douglas L Hazelwood, Francis J. Smith, and Ellis M.
Gartner. Mar 82,88p EPA-600/2-82-013
Contract EPA-68-03-2586
This study was initiated to document current knowl-
edge concerning the use of waste fuels in cement
kilns. A number of plants have used wastes of relative-
ly low toxicity to supplement their fuel needs. In addi-
tion, researchers in Canada, Sweden, and the United
States have successfully demonstrated extremely high
destruction efficiencies in cement kilns when burning
highly toxic organic wastes. These studies indicate
that a significant potential exists for the expanded use
of cement kilns to safely dispose of many types of haz-
ardous wastes generated in the United States. The
technical as well as economic factors affecting the use
of cement kilns to destroy waste materials are re-
viewed. The recommendations derived from the study
propose additional work required to thoroughly under-
stand the impacts of this disposal technique.
Keywords: .'Solid waste disposal, 'Fuels, 'Kilns, Haz-
ardous materials, Incinerators, Organic compounds,
Industrial wastes, Risk, Technology, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Economic analysis, 'Refuse
derived fuels.
PB82-236381 PC A02/MF A01
Airborne Downlooklng Udar Measurements
during State 78. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. L McElroy, J. A. Eckert, and F. J. Hager. 2 Feb 81,
10p EPA-600/J-80-119, EMSL-LV-207
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n10/11 p2223-
22301981.
EPA's airborne downlooking dye lidar was operated
during the STATE field program in western Kentucky/
Tennessee in the summer of 1978. In this paper, lidar
estimates of height of the atmospheric mixing layer are
shown and compared with in situ measurements. LJdar
estimates of crosswind and vertical dimensions of TV A
power plant plumes are compared with appropriate lit-
erature values and with in situ estimates from data
compiled by other STATE investigators; wherever nec-
essary, data are adjusted to ensure compatibility with
respect to sampling time. In addition, lidar measure-
ments of plume rise are compared with model calcula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Optical radar, 'Sulfates,
Electric power plants, Field tests, Transport properties,
Plumes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Spa-
tial distribution, Temporal environments, Comparison,
Reprints, STATE program, Atmospheric mixing layer,
Numerical solution.
PB82-236399 PC A02/MF A01
Regional Analysis of Factors Affecting Visual Air
Quality. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Ann Pitchford, Marc Pitchford, William Malm, Robert
Flocchini, and Eric Walther. 2 Feb 81,14p EPA-600/J-
80-149, EMSL-LV-214
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Davis
and Visibility Research Center, Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v15 n10/11 p2043-
20541981.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National
Park Service, Visibility Research Center, and Universi-
ty of California at Davis are currently operating a moni-
toring program in national parks and monuments
throughout much of the western United States. Project
VIEW, the Visibility Investigative Experiment in the
West, includes measurement of visibility parameters
using manual telephotometers, and measurement of
particle concentrations averaged over 72h. Variation
of these parameters occurs in both space and time. To
better understand these variations, several techniques
including principal component analysis and data com-
parisons among sites are applied to Fall, 1979 data for
much of the network. Then the Grand Canyon is
chosen for additional analysis. Best and worst case
visibility days are determined and compared with parti-
cle concentrations. Finally, hypothetical causes for vis-
ibility reduction are further verified by computing wind
trajectories back in time for these special case days.
Highlights of this preliminary investigation include evi-
dence that fine sulfur and fine particles are responsible
for visibility variation at the VIEW sites; that fine parti-
cle copper may be suitable as a tracer for copper
smelter impact and that at the Grand Canyon, the ma-
jority of trajectories for days of visibility greater than
310 km come from the north and west, over Utah and
Nevada
Keywords: 'Air poMution, 'Visibility, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Fines, Re-
prints, 'Air quality.
PB82-236407 PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Behavior of the Atlantic Silverside,
'Menidia menidla' (Pisces, Atherlnldae). Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Douglas P. Middaugh, Geoffrey I. Scott, and John M.
Dean. 1 Dec 81,10p EPA-600/J-80-008, CONTRIB-
409
Also pub. as South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W.
Baruch Inst for Marine Biology and Coastal Research
Inst for Marine Biology and Coastal Research Contrib.
No. 377. Pub. in Environmental Biology of Rshes, v6
n3/4p269-2761981.
The spawning behavior of the Atlantic sitverside, Meni-
dia menidia, was studied at two sites on the North
Edisto River estuary in South Carolina Spawning M.
menidia deposited their eggs on three types of sub-
strates including: (1) the lower stems of cordgrass
plants, S. altemiflora, (2) detrital mats and, (3) exposed
cordgrass roots along erosional scarps. Spawning be-
havior during egg deposition and fertilization was simi-
lar for all three spawning substrates. Females released
eggs by a rapid fluttering motion of the posterior half of
the body. A similar movement accompanied release of
milt by males. Behavior of fish just prior to spawning
was modified to insure deposition of eggs at locations
that provided protection from thermal and desiccation
stresses.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Behavior,
'Fishds, Estuaries, North Edisto River, South Carolina,
Reprints, Atlantic silverside, 'Menidia menidia.
PB82-236415 PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Developing Estuarine Macrobenthlc
Communities to Drilling Muds. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, C. E. DalBo, and J. L. Oglesby.
Jun 82,9p EPA-600/J-81-070, CONTRIB-413
Pub. in Estuaries, v5 n2 p131-137 Jun 82. Prepared in
cooperation with University of West Florida, Pensaco-
la. Inst. for Statistical and Mathematical Modeling.
"he effects of drilling mud, used in oil drilling oper-
itions, on development of estuarine macrofaenthic
The i
ations,
communities from settling planktonic larvae were as-
sessed by comparing numbers and species of animals
that grew in uncontaminated and contaminated aquar-
ia for 8 weeks. Aquaria contained sand and were con-
tinuously supplied unfiltered seawater. Seven lignosul-
fonate-type drilling muds obtained from an active ex-
ploratory platform in estuarine waters were tested con-
secutively at nominal concentrations of 0.5, 5, and 50
parts per million (ppm) in the water column. Numbers
of tunicates, mollusks, and annelids per aquarium
were significantly (alpha = 0.05) decreased from con-
trol numbers in 50 ppm. Structural differences in com-
munities exposed to 50 ppm from those in the control
and lower concentrations were indicated by a de-
crease in Spearman's measure of rank correlation of
species abundance and an increase in the Shannon-
Weaver index of species diversity. A total of 13 species
occurred in 50 ppm compared to 23 species in each of
the other situations. Growth in diameter of Molgula
manhattensis was significantly affected in all concen-
trations of mud.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Mud, 'Plankton, Larvae,
Benthos, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Molgula manhatten-
PB82-236423 PC A02/MF A01
Algae and Crustaceans as Indicators of Bioacti-
vity of Industrial Wastes. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Gerald E. Walsh, Kenneth M. Duke, and Robert B.
Foster. Jul 81, 7p EPA-600/J-81 -112, CONTRIB-280
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p879-883 1982. Prepared
in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. and
EG and G Bionomics, Warcham, MA.
Freshwater (Selenastrum capricornutum) and estua-
rine (Skeketonema costatum) algae were exposed to
liquid wastes from 10 industrial sites in laboratory
bioassays. All wastes affected algal growth either by
stimulation or by stimulation at low concentrations and
inhibition at high concentrations. Generally S. capricor-
nutum and Sk. costatum responded similarly to each
waste: SC20's were between 0.01% waste; ECSO's,
between 5.1% and 85.5% waste. Toxicity to S. capri-
cornutum was lost by the ninth day of exposure in all
wastes except one, and it is recommended that algal
tests be carried out for four days. Both algal species
were more sensitive to the wastes than were Daphnia
magna (freshwater) and Mysidopsis bahia (estuarine).
Only three wastes were toxic to D. magna and two
were toxic to D. magna and two were toxic to M. bahia
SC20 and EC50 values are used to calculate the 7-
day, 10-year flow rate required for dilution of effluents
to non-toxic concentrations.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, "Toxicology, 'Algae,
'Crustacea, Bioassay, Exposure, Growth, Repnnts,
'Bioindicators, Water pollution effects(Animals), Se-
lenastrum capricornutum, Skeketonema costatum,
Oaphnia magna, Mysidopsis bahia.
PB82-236431 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Automatic Paniculate Sulfur Measurements with a
Dichotomous Sampler and On-Llne X-ray Fluores-
cence Analysis. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
Joseph M. Jaklevic, Billy W. Loo, and Ted Y. Fujita. 19
Jan 81, 6p EPA-600/J-81 -457
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
p687-690Jun81.
December 1983 1329
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An instrument is described which employs a dichoto-
mous sampler to acquire fine paniculate samples on a
continuous tape fitter. Analyses for elemental sulfur
are performed immediately following acquisition using
a sensitive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Sample
sequencing, data acquisition, and calculation of con-
centrations are performed continuously using an on-
online calculator. Precision and accuracy of the
method are discussed and results obtained from ambi-
ent measurements are presented.
Keywords: 'Measuring instruments, Tines, 'Particles,
'Chemical analysis, 'Sulfur, X ray fluorescence, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Dichotomous
samplers, 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-236449 PC A02/MF A01
Plant Stress Detection by Remote Measurement
of Fluorescence. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. C. McFartane, R. D. Watson, A. F. Theisen, R. D.
Jackson, and W. L Ehrter. 9 May 80,5p EPA-600/J-
80-045
Pub. in Applied Optics, v19 p>3287-3289,1 Oct 80.
Plant growth and development are based on the cap-
ture and transformation of electromagnetic radiation
by chlorophyll. The efficiency of photosynthesis de-
pends upon the presence of sufficient amounts of
water, mineral nutrients, carbon dioxide, and light; and
it can be regulated by any factor which interferes with
the availability or mixture of those items. Plant damage
by pollutants, water stress, or pathogens usually re-
sults in a reduced rate of photosynthesis. If damage is
severe, visible symptoms may be evident on the
leaves or stems. However, a decreased photosynthet-
ic rate may not be visually evident but can result in re-
duced production that may be recognized only at har-
vest or when ameliorative measures no longer help.
Measurement of the depression of photosynthetic
rates is, therefore, an important criterion in the evalua-
tion of pollutant effects, water sufficiency, and other
stress conditions on plants.
Keywords: *Plants(Botarry), *Stress(Physiology), 'Flu-
orescence, Photosynthesis, Measurement' Detection,
Remote sensing, Air pollution, Reprints, Pathogens,
Pollution morHtonng.
PB82-236456 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Kepone (Trade Name) on the Sheeps-
head Htamow in an Entire Life-Cycle Toxfctty Test
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Larry R. Goodman, David J. Hansen, Charles S.
Manning, and Linda F. Faas. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-81-
111,CONTRIB-425
Pub. in Archive of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, p335-3421982.
An entire life-cycle toxicity test with the estuarine
sheepshead minnow (Cvprinodon variegatus) and the
organochlorine insecticide Kepone in seawater
showed that the maximum acceptable toxicant con-
centration (MATC) lies between 0.074 and 0.12 micro-
grams Kepone/l, based on reduced standard length of
progeny at 0.12 micrograms/l and higher concentra-
tions, the application factor range (MATC/96-hour
LC50) for sheepshead minnows exposed continuously
to Kepone is from 0.001 to 0.002. Other adverse ef-
fects of Kepone exposure were: external signs of poi-
soning in fish exposed to concentrations greater than
or equal to 0.074 micrograms/l, fatty degeneration of
the Sver and Nstological evidence of vertebral damage
in fish exposed to 0.78 microorams/l, reduced growth
of parental fish at 0.39 and 0.78 micrograms/l, re-
duced fecundrty and fertility of eggs at 0.78 micro-
grams/l, and reduced survival of embryos produced by
fish exposed to 0.78 micrograms/l. Average biocon-
centration factors (concentration in tissue averaged
measured concentration in water) were: 21-day juve-
nfles-2,600; 42-day juveniles-2,800, adult mates-7,600,
adult femates-5,700, eggs-3,300, and 28-day juvenile
progeny-3,100.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Rshes. Life cycles, tests,
Concenfration(Compositkxi), Physiological effects,
Reprints, 'Kepone. Water pollution effects(Animals),
Sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus.
PB82-236464 PC A02/MF A01
Application of Adenine Nucleotide Measurements
for the Evaluation of Stress In 'Mytilus edulis' and
'Crassostrea virginica'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. E. Zaroogian, J. H. Gentile, J. F. Heltshe, M.
Johnson, and A. M. Ivanovici. Apr 82,9p EPA-600/J-
82-073, ERLN-207
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v71B n4 P643-649 1982. Prepared in cooperation with
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston and Australian National
Univ., Canberra City.
After 10 weeks treatment with 10 micrograms Ni/kg
seawater, the concentration of ATP in Mytilus edulis
adductor muscles was significantly less than that in
muscles from control and 5 micrograms Ni/kg treated
mussels. Mussels sampled in August after exposure
for 12 weeks to polluted and unpolluted waters had
significantly lower AEC, ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP
ratios than those sampled in May from the same loca-
tions. The percentage composition of the individual ad-
enine nucleotides in the adenylate pool appears to be
directly related to the amount of stress in Mytilus edulis
and Crassostrea virginica. The degree of change in
AEC which constitutes a significant biological effect re-
mains to be established.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Adenosine phos-
phates, 'Nickel, Muscles, Mussels, Oysters, Shellfish,
Water pollution, Reprints, Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea
virginica, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Adenine
nucleotides.
PW2-236472 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Beta-Gauge Methods Applied to Aerosol Sam-
ples. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
Joseph M. Jaklevic, Ray C. Gatti, Fred S. Goulding,
and Billy W. Loo. 16 Jan 81, 9p EPA-600/ J-81 -459
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
p680-686Jun81.
An instrument developed for the routine measurement
of aerosol mass using the beta-particle attenuation
method is described and evaluated. Factors affecting
the precision and accuracy of the measurement are
discussed in detail. Results of intercomparison studies
between the beta gauge method and conventional gra-
vimetric are presented. The design of the present in-
strument is particularly well suited for the automatic
analysis of membrane filters used in modem dichotc-
mous samplers.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Measuring in-
struments, 'Mass, Sampling, Particles, Gravimetric
analysis, Comparison, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, 'Beta gauge method, 'Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB62-236480 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Regional Differences In Bioelectric Properties and
Ion Flow In Excised Canine Airways. Journal arti-
cle.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
R. C. Boucher, M. J. Stutts, and J. T. Gatzy. 25 Apr 81,
11pEPA-600/J-81-571
Grant EPA-R-606539
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 51, p706-714 1981.
Absorption of airway liquid, as it moves from the large
surface area of distal airways to more central airway
surfaces, is considered to be essential for regulation of
the depth of airway liquid. The short-circuited excised
canine trachea, however, secretes C(-1) and absorbs
a lesser amount of Na(+1). The authors conclude that
NaCI absorption dominates resting ion translocation in
canine bronchi and that liquid absorption probably
occurs at these sites in vivo.
Keywords: 'Trachea, 'Liquids, Absorption, Respirato-
ry system, Bronchi, Dogs, In vitro analysis, Sodium
chloride. Reprints, 'Airways.
PB82-236498 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Regional Differences In Airway Surface Liquid
Composition. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
R. C. Boucher, M. J. Stutts, P. A. Bromberg, and J. T.
Gatzy. 24 Oct 80,10p EPA-600/J-81-572
Grant EPA-R-806539
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 50(3), p613-620
1981.
Liquid from canine airway surfaces was absorbed onto
filter paper strips and analyzed. In resting conditions,
tracheal surface liquid was hyperosmolal (330
mosmol/kg H20) compared to plasma with raised
Na(+1) (158 meq/l), Cl(-1) (134 meq/l), K(-1) (28
rneq/l), and HCO3(-1) (32 meq/l) concentrations. The
volume collected was increased by repetitive sam-
pling, a response blocked by atropine, or by methachc-
line injection. Compared to nose breathing, tracheal
surface liquid osmolality was increased by 10 min of
mouth breathing (410 mosmol/kg H2O). Surface liquid
from 0.5-cm diameter bronchi was nearly isosmolal
(304 mosmol/kg H20) with plasma in resting condi-
tions, with Na and Cl concentrations lower that plasma
(120 and 106 meq/l, respectively), and K(-1) (52 meq/
I), and HCO3(-1) (50 meq/l) concentrations higher
than those of plasma or tracheal liquid. Although the
K(+1) in tracheal fluid approaches the value for elec-
trochemical equilibrium, K(+1) in fluid from the bronchi
and HCO3(-1) in both regions cannot be accounted for
by passive forces. The regional difference in osmolality
supports the concept that the higher osmolality of tra-
cheal liquid reflects evaporative water loss from this
site. The transepithelial osmotic gradient generated by
evaporative water loss may be a driving force for hy-
dration of the tracheal surface.
Keywords: 'Liquids, 'Trachea, Chemical analysis, Re-
gions, Dogs, Respiratory system, Differences, Clinical
chemistry. Analyzing, Reprints, 'Airways.
PB82-236506 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Effect of S02 on the Uptake of Particles by
Mouse Bronchial Epithelium,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept of
Physiology.
Ann Y. Watson, and Joseph D. Brain. 1980,23p EPA-
600/J-80-395
Grant EPA-R-805091
Pub. in Experimental Lung Research 1, p67-87 1980.
In three experiments, the authors have explored the
uptake and transport of collidal gold (Au) and iron
oxide (Fe2O3) by normal and SO2-injured bronchial
epithelium. In the first experiment mice were exposed
to a 2-hr aerosol of Au; in the second experiment, mice
were exposed to SO2 (250 ppm) for 3 hr, then to Au;
and in the third experiment, mice were exposed to SO2
and days postexposure. From each animal, samples of
large airways were examined by electron microsopy,
and the cell type and particle location were recorded.
Au was not readily taken up by the bronchial epithelium
in that only two cells out of 1162 contained particles.
No Au was seen in the submucosa. Exposure to SO2
produced a mild, but nonnecrotic response character-
ized by an increase in mucus, vocuolated cells, de-
tached cilia, and an influx of polymorphonuclear leuko-
cytes. SO2 did not affect the uptake of Au; 2 out of
1177 epithelial cells contained Au. However, gold did
reach the submucosa Results from the SO2 plus
Fe2O3 experiment were compared to a previous study
of similar design in which mice were exposed only to
Fe2O3. SO2 increased the uptake of iron and affected
the distribution of intracellulat iron among the different
cell types. It is possible that increased iron uptake is
due to either injury or to changes in particle solubility
produced by the SO2.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Epithelium, *Gold, 'Iron
oxides, Mice, Uptake, Transport, Bronchi, Respiratory
system, Air pollution, Laboratory animals. Reprints,
*Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-236514 PC A02/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mechanisms of Pollutant-Induced Airways Toxld-
ty. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Richard C. Boucher. 1981,18p EPA-600/J-81-570
Grant EPA-R-806539
1330 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Clinics in Chest Medicine, v2 n3 p377-392 Sep
81.
In a modern industrialized society it is virtually impossi-
ble to avoid exposure to at least low levels of respira-
ble toxic substances. Because the scope of this prob-
lem has expanded greatly in recent years, a review of
the toxicity of respirable compounds on airway func-
tion cannot be all inclusive.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Respiratory system, Air pol-
lution, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, *Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB82-236522 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
High Resolution Study of the r(RXK=3) Structure
of the 3390-A Formaldehyde Band. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
D. R. Scott, H. Koizumi, T. Hadeishi, and R.
McLaughlin. 13 Sep 81,6p EPA-600/J-81-394
Pub. in Jnl. of Molecular Spectroscopy, v92 p272-275
1982.
The previously unresolved (r)R(K=3) rotational struc-
ture of the 3390 A band (A sup 1 A(2)/xsup 1 A(1)) of
formaldehyde has been investigated in the range of
29550.5 to 29553.5/cm (vacuum) with resolution ex-
ceeding 600,000. Magnetic tuning of the silver 3383A
line was utilized to scan this region.
Keywords: * Formaldehyde, 'Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
'Molecular rotation, Zeeman effect, Reprints.
PB82-236936 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Compendium of Synfuel End Use Testing Pro-
grams. Final rept. Mar-Sep 81,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
M. Ghassemi, S. Quinlivan, and M. Haro. May 82,
237p* EPA-600/7-82-035
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives information on major, recently com-
pleted, current, and planned synfuel end-use testing
projects. It is intended to promote the flow of informa-
tion between synfuel testing programs, thereby reduc-
ing the duplication of effort and enabling design and
implementation of cost-effective and systematic ap-
proaches to the collection of appropriate environmen-
tal data in conjunction with on-going and planned per-
formance testing projects. EPA plans to update this
compendium to include results from current and future
testing programs. Projects described in the compendi-
um include testing of shale-derived fuels, SRC-II
middle distillates, EDS fuel oils, H-coal liquids, and
methanol/indolene mixtures in such equipment as utili-
ty boilers, steam generators, diesel engines (laborato-
ry and full scale), auto engines, and other combustors.
Published reports on testing and discussions with test
sponsors/contractors are the sources of data for the
compendium. Agencies/organizations providing input
include DOD, DOE, NASA, EPRI, private synfuel devel-
opers, and engine manufacturers.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Performance
evaluation, Cost analysis, Forecasting, Shale, Methyl
alcohol, Design criteria, Research projects, 'Synthetic
fuels, Coal liquefaction, Exxon liquefaction process,
SRC process.
PB82-236985 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Components Identified In Energy-Related Wastes
and Effluents. Final rept Nov 76-Nov 79,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
J. E. Gebhart, and M. M. McKown. May 82,734p*
EPA-600/3-82-058
Contract EPA-68-03-2487
A state-of-the-art review of the characterization of
solid wastes and aqueous effluents generated by
energy-related processes was conducted. The reliabil-
ity of these data was evaluated according to preselect-
ed criteria or sample source, sampling and analytical
methodology, and data source. Data on the following
activities were included: coal strip mining, oil refineries,
oil shale operations, coal-fired power plants, coal liq-
uefaction processes, coal gasification processes, and
geothermal energy production. Using the information
collected during this review, areas of inadequate data
were identified and sampling sites were selected. Sites
were selected to include at least one plant in each of
seven energy-related activities. Energy research sites
in the Western Energy Resource Development sector
were considered as prime sites. Samples were collect-
ed from 49 sites. Samples were prepared by using the
necessary sample-preparation, clean-up, and precon-
centration procedures. Purgeable (volatile) and ex-
tractable (semi-volatile) organic components were
identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry/data system techniques. Samples were
analyzed for mercury by using flameless atomic ab-
sorption spectrophotometric procedures, while ap-
proximately 70 other elements were determined by
spark source mass spectrometry.
Keywords: Sites, Coal gasification, Chemical analysis,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy. Atomic
spectra, Electric power plants, 'Solid wastes, 'Liquid
wastes, 'Energy sources, State of the art, Coal fired
power plants, Coal liquefaction, Spark source mass
spectroscopy.
PB82-236993 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Emerging Technologies for the Control of Hazard-
ous Wastes. Final rept.,
Ebon Research Systems, Washington, DC.
Barbara H. Edwards, John N. Pauilrn, and Kathleen
Coghlan-Jordan. Mar 82,158p* EPA-600/2-82-011
Contract EPA-68-03-2787
Investigations were conducted of new and emerging
technologies for the disposal of hazardous wastes.
These methods involve new technologies or a recent
variation of an established one. In addition, a question-
naire survey was made of potential users of hazardous
waste information. The need for a data base for
emerging hazardous waste technologies and/or a
newsletter was evaluated. Information on the emerg-
ing technologies was acquired by computerized
search, library searching, and personal contacts. The
emerging technologies discussed include molten salt
combustion, fluidized bed incineration, high energy
electron treatment of trace organic compounds in
aqueous solution, the catalyzed wet oxidation of toxic
chemicals, dehalogenation of compounds by treat-
ment with ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen, UV7
chlorinolysis of organics in aqueous solution, the cata-
lytic hydrogenation-dechlorination of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB's), and ultraviolet/ozone destruction.
Theory, specific wastes treated, and economics are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Technology, Surveys, Oxidation, Fluidized bed
processing, Fused salts, Incinerators, Catalysis, Ultra-
violet radiation, Economics.
PB82-237017 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
ENAMAP-1A Long-Term SO2 and Sulfate Air Pol-
lution Model: Refinement of Transformation and
Deposition Mechanisms. Final rept. 17 Jul 80-31 Jul
81,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
P. M. Mayerhofer, R. M. Endlich, B. E. Cantrell, R.
Brodzinsky, and C. M. Bhumralkar. May 82,96p EPA-
600/3-82-063
Contract EPA-68-02-3424
The ENAMAP-1 model for long-range air pollution
transport has been modified in several ways to
produce a newer version, ENAMAP-1A. The geo-
graphic region of the modeled domain has been in-
creased to include southeastern Canada, and the me-
teorological and emission data for this area have been
added to the U.S. data base. The transformation rate
for SO2 to SO4(-2) and the deposition rates of SO2
and SO4(-2) have been updated. In ENAMAP-1 these
rates are all constants; in ENAMAP-1 A they are vari-
able in space and time. The transformation rate has
been made dependent on the amount of sunshine (i.e.
a function of latitude and season) and is about twice as
large as the previous rate. In ENAMAP-1 A the dry dep-
osition rate has been made dependent on the type of
underlying terrain and vegetation, on thermal stability
in the boundary layer, and on time of day. Wet deposi-
tion is treated as a function of rainfall rate and cloud
type (convective, warm process, or Bergeron process).
Boundary exchanges of SO2 and SO4(-2) have been
computed for each of 41 states (or provinces) and also
for 12 especially sensitive areas of special interest
such as parks. The computations show the history of
pollution from emission to deposition and are docu-
mented in the form of maps and tables. In contrast to
ENAMAP-1 computations, ENAMAP-1A computations
for January and August 1977 have much larger
amounts of SO4{-2) in the form of airborne concentra-
tion and deposition, while the amount of SO2 deposi-
tion is decreased.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition), Information systems,
Depositions, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts),
'ENAMAP-1A model, 'Air quality.
PB82-237025 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ammonium Sulfate and Bisulfate Formation in Air
Preheaters. Final rept. Oct 80-Oct 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jack M. Burke, and Kevin L. Johnson. Apr 82,270p
RAD-81-202-187-68-14, EPA-600/7-82-025A,, IERL-
RTP-1286
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The overall goal of this study was to investigate the
problems which result from deposition of ammonium
sulfates in an air preheater. More specifically, the
study had three major objectives. The first was to de-
termine the conditions under which ammonium sul-
fates are expected to form. The second objective was
to identify the factors which influence the formation of
ammonium sulfates. The third objective was to identify
and evaluate methods for preventing ammonium sul-
fate deposition/corrosion in air preheaters.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Air heat-
ers, 'Ammonium sulfate, 'Nitrogen oxides, Electric
power plants, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Deposition, Corrosion, Reaction kinetics, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation.
PB82-237033 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Maintenance and Testing of Hydrological Simula-
tion Program-FORTRAN (HSPF). Final rept. Mar
79-Jun 80,
Hydrocomp, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
Robert C. Johanson, and David Kliewer. May 82,85p
EPA-600/3-82-059
Contract EPA-68-01-5801
The Hydrologica! Simulation Program-FORTRAN is a
mathematical model that simulates hydrology and
water quality in natural and man-made water systems.
This report describes the work involved in maintaining
and testing HSPF over a one-year period following its
initial development. An account is given of the chronol-
ogy of major events during the maintenance work. The
testing included work with hypothetical data and
checks against outputs produced by three predeces-
sor models, the ARM, NPS, and HSP-QUALITY
models. Through this process it was determined that
the HSPF model functioned as designed.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Fortran, Maintenance, Tests, Computer pro-
gramming, Evaluation, Comparison, 'HSPF model.
PB82-237041 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Source Test and Evaluation Report: Alcohol Facil-
ity for Gasohol Production. Final reptOct 78-Feb
80,
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
R. M. Scarberry, M. P. Papal, Paul E. Mills, and
Thomas J. Powers, 111. Apr 82,199p EPA/600/7-82-
018
Contract EPA-68-03-2667
This study defines the requirements for environmental
sampling and analysis of alcohol-producing facilities
capable of supporting a Gasohol industry and applies
these requirements to the environmental characteriza-
tion of an alcohol plant. This document includes a con-
ceptual design of a grain alcohol plant using a coal-
fired boiler that is projected to be typical of future
plants which will support a Gasohol industry. Environ-
mental control options are also discussed based on a
December 1983 1331
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
comparison of alcohol plant stream compositions with
environmental regulations. The results of this study
provide preliminary information on the environmental
consequences of large-scale fermentation ethanol
plants which will provide alcohol for Qasohol.
Keywords: 'Ethyl alcohol, 'Industrial plants, Blends,
Fermentation, Environmental surveys, Regulations,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Gasohol,
•Alcohol fuels.
PTO2-237058 PC A02/MF A01
Testing of the Cummins VTB-903 at EPA/MVEL.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Alex Azary. May 82,14p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-09
This report discusses the results of testing the Cum-
mins VTB-903 heavy-duty diesel engine at EPA. This
engine was tested as part of the EMA/EPA coopera-
tive test program designed to analyze lab-to-lab varia-
bility in emissions measurements. In this report, EPA's
testing results from both the second and third phases
are presented and compared with Cummins, DDA's
and SwRI's results. A review of the problems encoun-
tered during all three phases of testing and an exami-
nation of variability in paniculate results conclude this
report.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Fuel
systems, Exhaust gases, Performance evaluation,
Cummins VTB-903 engines.
PB82-237090 PC A02/MF A01
RwnovM of Excoss Fluoride hom Drinking Water.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Frederick Rubel, Jr., and R. Dale Woostey. Jan 78.24p
EPA-570/9-78-001
Excess fluoride can be removed from potable water
supplies by the activated alumina method. However,
operating cost and reliability of this process are not
welt known. A simple modification to the conventional
activated alumina treatment process increases the flu-
oride removal capacity of the alumina from the gener-
ally accepted level of 400 grains/ft to more than 2000
grains/ft of bed material. .Thereby, operating cost be-
comes acceptable and has been documented by suc-
cessful performance of plants in Desert Center, Cali-
fornia and Vail, Arizona.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Fluorides, Potable
water, Operating costs, Performance evaluation, 'Acti-
vated alumina process.
PB82-237108 PC A07/MF A01
Srrafl System Water Treatment Symposium Pro-
ceedkig* Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on November
28-29,1978.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Sep79,136pEPA-570/9-79-021
Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst,
Mmnetonka, MN. North Star Div.
The Report of Symposium Proceedings contains pres-
entations by representatives from government con-
sultants, manufacturers, utilities, and public interest
groups. The first section includes individual presenta-
tions on the problems of small systems and the
second section takes up available solutions. In the
third section the seven work groups conclusions and
recommendations as to future actions of the affected
organizations. The final part highlights a panel discus-
sion on the question: Where do we go from here, fol-
lowed by concluding remarks by Robert McCall, Direc-
tor o* Enviroornerrtd Health Sendees for West Virginia
Keywords: 'Water treatment 'Meetings, Potable
water. Regulations, Forecastings, Technology.
P882-237116 PC A02/MF A01
ftaMtoMNp Between Air Quality Planning and
the State and Aremride Water Quality Manage-
ment Program EHgibte Use* of Section 208 Funds
tor Air Quafty Analyses (Memo), Guideline series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Andrew W. Breidenbach, and Roger Strelow. 15 Nov
76,23p OAQPS-3.0-022
The purposes of this memorandum are: (1) to transmit
revised guidance on Environmental Protection Agency
policy on the relationship between air quality planning
and the state and areawkJe water quality management
(WQM) program, and (2) to identify air quality-related
activities eligible for funding under section 208. This
memorandum and the attached guidance document
'Procedures for Coordination between Air Quality Plan-
ning and the State and Areawide Water Quality Man-
agement Program,' revise and expand upon previous
guidance signed by John Queries on September 22,
1975 (issued as water quality management guidance
SAM-8).
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Water quality, 'Regulations,
'Guidelines, Management planning, State govern-
ment Revision, 'Air quality.
PB82-237140 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Assessment of Organic Emission Factors. Final
rept,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
Katherine W. Wilson, and Naomi Levenson. Mar 78,
77p EPA-450/3-78-O04
Contract EPA-68-02-2583
This report was developed to provide a prioritized list-
ing of needs for improved organic emission factors and
a synopsis of known projects underway, both within
EPA and externally, which will provide basic data re-
sources to support such improvements. A suggested
outline of activities needed to accomplish these im-
provements is also provided. The report is expected to
be utilized as an internal management tool, but also
provides information which may be useful to persons
with specific interest in organic emissions.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution, As-
sessments, Sources, 'Emission factors. Listings.
PB82-2372BO PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Needs Assessment Survey for Mechanics Train-
Ing of the Automotive Service Industry, Albuquer-
que, New Mexico,
National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and
Safety, Fort Collins, CO.
James S. Tucker. Jan 80, 50p EPA-450/2-80-069
Grant EPA-CT-900885-02
The document presents the rational, design and re-
sults of a study to determine the current level of me-
chanics training in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A survey
instrument was developed for this study which may be
suitable for use in similar studies. Results characterize
the service industry in terms of training needs, willing-
ness to participate in training, and attitude towards
emission control training.
Keywords: 'Specialized training, 'Mechanical engi-
neering, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions. Air pollu-
tion, Attitudes, Requirements, Manuals, New Mexico,
Surveys, Albuquerque(New Mexico).
PB82-237322 PCW7.50
Environmental Monitoring at Love Canal
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Research and Development
May82,2877p-in3v
Set includes PB82-237330, PB82-237348, and PB82-
237355.
No abstract available.
PB82-237330 - PCS18.00/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring at Lov« Carafe Volume
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
May 82,319p EPA-600/4-82-030A
See also Volume 2, PB82-237348.
Also available m set of 3 reports PC AOO, PB82-
237322.
During the summer and fall of 1980 the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a compre-
hensive multimedia environmental monitoring program
in the vicinity of the inactive hazardous wastes landfill
known as Love Canal, located in Niagara Falls, New
York. The studies conducted at Love Canal by EPA in-
cluded a major hydrogeologic investigation, and the
collection and analysis of approximately 6,000 envi-
ronmental samples consisting of water, soil, sediment
air and biota. An extensive quality assurance/quality
control program was applied to all phases of the ana-
lytical work to document the precision and accuracy of
the monitoring data. Strict chain-of-custody proce-
dures were also employed to assure the integrity of the
monitoring data. In addition to the report presented in
this Volume, two other Volumes have been prepared
to document the Love Canal study. Volume II consists
of a complete enumeration of all validated field sam-
ples collected at Love Canal and Volume III consists of
a collection of statistical tabulations of the validated
Love Canal monitoring data.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Monitoring, Earth fills, Sites, Geology, Hydrology,
Soils, Water pollution, Air pollution, 'Love Canal, Niag-
ara Falls(New York).
PB82-237348 PCS55.00/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring at Love Canal: Volume
II (Part 1).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
May 82,1753pEPA-600/4-82-030B
See also Volume 1, PB82-237330, and Volume 3,
PB82-237355.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC AOO, PB82-
237322.
During the summer and fall of 1980 the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a compre-
hensive multimedia environmental monitoring program
in the vicinity of the inactive hazardous wastes landfill
known as Love Canal, located in Niagara Falls, New
York. The studies conducted at Love danal by EPA in-
cluded a major hydrogeologic investigation, and the
collection and analysis of approximately 6,000 envi-
ronmental samples consisting of water, soil, sediment
air and biota. An extensive quality assurance/quality
control program was applied to all phases of the ana-
lytical work to document the precision and accuracy of
the monitoring data. Strict chain-of-custody proce-
dures were also employed to assure the integrity of the
monitoring data. In addition to the report presented in
this Volume, two other Volumes have been prepared
to document the Love Canal study. Volume II consists
of a complete enumeration of all validated field sam-
ples collected at Love Canal and Volume III consists of
a collection of statistical tabulations of the validated
Love Canal monitoring data
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Monitoring, Sources, Tables(Data), 'Love Canal,
Niagara Falls(New York), Listings.
PB82-237355 PCJ30.00/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring at Love Canal: Volume
III.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
May 82,805p EPA-600/4-82-030C
See also Volume 2, PB82-237348. Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC AOO. PB82-
237322.
During the summer and fall of 1980 the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a compre-
hensive multimedia environmental monitoring program
in the vicinity of the inactive hazardous wastes landfill
known as Love Canal, located in Niagara Falls, New
York. The studies conducted at Love Canal by EPA in-
cluded a major hydrogeologic investigation, and the
collection and analysis of approximately 6,000 envi-
ronmental samples consisting of water, soil, sediment
air and biota. An extensive quality assurance/quality
control program was applied to all phases of the ana-
lytical work to document the precision and accuracy of
the monitoring data. Strict chain-of-custody proce-
dures were also employed to assure the integrity of the
monitoring data. In addition to the report presented in
this Volume, two other Volumes have been prepared
to document the Love Canal study. Volume II consists
of a complete enumeration of all validated field sam-
1332 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pies collected at Love Canal and Volume III consists of
a collection of statistical tabulations of the validated
Love Canal monitoring data.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, Earth fills, Monitoring, Tables(Data), 'Love
Canal, Niagara Falls(New York).
PB82-237371 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies of Flue Gas Desulfurizatlon at Louisville
Gas and Electrlc's Paddy's Run Station: Volume I.
Carbide and Commercial Ume Testing. Final rept.
Mar75-Feb78.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
0. W. Hargrove, Jr., G. P. Behrens, and W. E. Corbett.
May 82,198p RAD-81 -202-115-15, EPA-600/7-82-
032A
Contracts EPA-68-02-2102, EPA-68-02-1319
See also Volume 2, PB82-237389.
The report gives results of tests to determine the tech-
nical factors accounting for the success of the flue gas
desulfurization (FQO) system at Louisville Gas and
Electric Co.'s Paddy's Run Unit 6. (Between its start-up
in the Spring of 1973 and the Fall of 1976, the Unit 6
FGD system logged almost 4000 hours of operation
without any major process or mechanical problem.)
Test results indicate that carbide lime (a waste by-
product of acetylene manufacture using calcium car-
bide), used at Unit 6, contains oxidation inhibitors that
prevent gypsum scaling in the FGD scrubber. Com-
mercial lime testing without these inhibitors resulted in
gypsum scaling. However, adding magnesium (3000
ppm in the slurry liquor) reduced sulfite dissolution in
the scrubber, thereby reducing sulfite oxidation and al-
lowing scale-free operation. Increasing the chloride
level increased sulfite oxidation; an increase in magne-
sium addition offset the effects of higher chloride
levels. Lime systems can be operated successfully
with low reaction tank residence times because of the
rapid dissolution of lime. The size of the reaction tank
and the lime addition point affect the crystal structure
of the scrubber waste solids.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Calci-
um oxides, Scrubbers, Carbides, Solid wastes, Flue
gas desulfurization.
PB82-237389 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies of Rue Gas Desurfurizatlon at Louisville
Gas and Etoctrlc's Paddy's Run Station: Volume II.
Revtow and Analysis of Commercial Operations.
Final rept Mar 75-Feb 78,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
O. W. Hargrove, Jr., and D. M. Ottmers, Jr. May 82,
174pEPA-600/7-82-032B,, IERL-RTP-1311
Contracts EPA-68-02-2102, EPA-68-02-1319
See also Volume 1, PB82-237371.
The report gives results of tests to determine the tech-
nical factors accounting for the success of the flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) system at Louisville Gas and
Electric Co.'s Paddy's Run Unit 6. (Between its start-up
in the Spring of 1973 and the Fall of 1976, the Unit 6
FGD system logged almost 4000 hours of operation
without any major process or mechanical problem.)
Test results indicate that carbide lime (a waste by-
product of acetylene manufacture using calcium car-
bide), used at Unit 6, contains oxidation inhibitors that
prevent gypsum scaling in the FGD scrubber. Com-
mercial lime testing without these inhibitors resulted in
gypsum scaling. However, adding magnesium (3000
ppm in the slurry liquor) reduced sulfite dissolution in
the scrubber, thereby reducing sulfite oxidation and al-
lowing scale-free operation. Increasing the chloride
level increased sulfite oxidation; an increase in magne-
sium addition offset the effects of higher chloride
levels. Lime systems can be operated successfully
with low reaction tank residence times because of the
rapid dissolution of lime. The size of the reaction tank
and the Ume addition point affect the crystal structure
of the scrubber waste solids.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrub-
bers, Calcium oxides, Solid wastes, Flue gas desuHuri-
zation.
PB82-237421 PC A15/MF A01
AEROS Manual Series. Volume III: Summary and
Retrieval Manual. Update Number 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 79,345p EPA-450/2-76-009-2, OAQPS-1.2-040-2
See also PB-268 903.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The AEROS Summary and Retrieval Manual (Vol. Ill)
describes the reporting and analysis capabilities of the
various AEROS systems. The reports available from
each of the major systems are described and their re-
trieval options are explained. Sample computer print-
outs are used to illustrate the report formats. This
manual also describes the analysis packages available
for use in the evaluation of AEROS data and describes
the user access procedures for obtaining AEROS re-
ports. It describes the standard publications available
from the NADB to provide information on emissions
and air quality. It also provides specific examples of
applications of AEROS data and the use of AEROS re-
ports in typical air quality control activities. The manual
also gives an overview of the Comprehensive Data
Handling System (CDHS), which is an AEROS-related
system for storing and reporting air quality and emis-
sion data.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Information retrieval, 'Man-
agement information systems, 'Manuals, Computer
programming, Tables(Data), Revisions, Data acquisi-
tion, Data processing, 'Aerometric and emissions re-
porting system, 'Air quality, Comprehensive data han-
dling system, National emissions data system, Routine
operations.
PB82-237454 PC A02/MF A01
Point and Area Source Checklist for Evaluating
1982 Ozone Sip Emission Inventories.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar81,22p
This document contains a checklist to assist Regional
Offices, States and local agencies in the planning,
compilation, and review of inventories of reactive vola-
tile organic compounds (RVOC) and Npx prepared for
use in the 1982 ozone SIPs. The main focus of this
document is on point and (nonhighway) area source in-
ventories. This document complements Guidelines for
Review of Highway Source Emission Inventories for
1982 State Implementation Plans (EPA-440/12-80-
002).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, State government,
Nitrogen oxides, Sources, 'Emission inventories,
'State Implementation Plans, Point sources, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB82-237S38 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Economic Analysis of the Potential Closure
Impact of the Final Steel Industry Effluent Guide-
lines Regulation. Final rept.,
Putnam, Hayes and Bartlett, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Tom Bate. Apr 82, 68p EPA-230-04-82-004
Contract EPA-68-01 -5838
An analysis of the potential closure impact of in-
creased costs associated with water pollution control
on twelve (12) model steel plants patterned after
twelve domestic steel plants identified as likely to be
most seriously affected by the final iron and steel efflu-
ent guidelines. The additional costs associated with
the regulation ranged from $0.21 to $2.60 per net ton
and averaged only $0.82 per net ton. It was concluded
that cost increases of this magnitude would be unlikely
to force the closure of any of the model plant configu-
rations or processes that were analyzed.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Economic impact,
'Effluents, 'Regulations, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Cost analysis, 'Steel industry, 'Closures, Environmen-
tal protection, Industrial shutdowns.
PB82-237595 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Financial Assurance for Closure and Post-Closure
Care: Requirements for Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Dispos-
al Facilities. Guidance manual.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
May 82,254p EPA/SW-955
Contract EPA-68-01-6491
The report provides guidance to owners and operators
for complying with the requirements for financial assur-
ance of closure and post-closure care (RCRA, Subpart
H); and to EPA Regional staff for implementing the re-
quirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Facilities, Waste disposal, Economic analysis. Regula-
tions, Assets, Liabilities, 'Closures, 'Financial state-
ments, Compliance.
PB82-237751 PC A04/MF A01
Technology Assessment of Fine Bubble Aerators.
Final rept. Aug 80-Aug 81,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Jeremiah J. McCarthy. Feb 82, 59p EPA-600/2-82-003
This technology assessment addresses design and
evaluation of fine bubble aeration equipment. It dis-
cusses the associated gas transfer theory used as the
basis for measuring water and wastewater oxygen-
ation efficiency. Mixing requirements are also dis-
cussed. While bubble aeration is not new technology,
increasing power costs and the potential for relatively
high oxygen transfer efficiency has generated re-
newed interest in the performance of fine bubble
wastewater aeration equipment. The many interrelated
variables affecting measurement and efficiency of fine
bubble aeration systems are identified and discussed.
Comparison with other aeration methods is made, and
an estimate of the potential national impact of fine
bubble aeration on wastewater treatment energy sav-
ings is presented. Research and development efforts
which are needed to improve fine bubble aerator per-
formance are identified. This report evaluates fine
bubble aeration technology and discusses its develop-
ment status. The report is liberally referenced so the
reader can obtain specific details if desired.
Keywords: 'Aerators, 'Sewage treatment. Technology
assessments, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Oxygen, Comparison, 'Fine bubble aerators.
PB82-237785 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Pathology of Two Species of Flatfish from Urban
Estauries in Puget Sound. Final rept.,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. North-
west and Alaska Fisheries Center.
Bruce B. McCain, Mark S. Myers, Usha Varanasi,
Donald W. Brown, and Linda D. Rhodes. Feb 82.117p
EPA-600/7-82-001
This report describes the results of field and laboratory
investigations conducted between October 1978and
October 1980. The field studies yielded data on the
prevalence and geographical distribution of diseased
bottom-dwelling flatfish, specially English sole and
starry flounder, in the Duwamish Waterway, Seattle,
and other selected estuaries in Puget Sound. Levels of
toxic metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in fish and bottom
sediments from these estuaries were also determined.
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in
liver tissues of both English sole and starry flounder re-
flected the concentrations of these compounds in
sediments from which the animals were captured.
Keywords: 'Animal diseases, 'Flatfishes, 'Estuaries,
'Urban areas, 'Puget Sound, Field tests,
Distribution(Property), Metals, Toxicity, Chlorohydro-
carbons, Sediments, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Organic compounds, Abnormalities, Inorganic
compounds, Biphenyl, Carcinogens, Chlorine organic
compounds, Liver, Washington(State), 'Duwamish
Waterway, 'Biphenyl/chloro, 'Polychlorinated biphen-
yls.
PB82-237793 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1333
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Technology Assessment of the Deep Shaft Bio-
logical Reactor. Final rept May 80-Aug 81.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Feb 82,88p EPA-600/2-82-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2775
The Deep Shaft biological treatment process is essen-
tially a high-rate activated sludge process capable of
operating at BODS loading ratios (F/M) between 0.5
and 2.0 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS. The hardware consists
of a vertical subsurface reactor between 90 and 250 m
(300 to 800 ft) deep, with hydraulic mean residence
times on the order of 60 minutes. Depending on the
operating mixed liquor volatile suspended solids con-
centration, the effluent from the reactor can be treated
utilizing either the flotation or sedimentation process.
Based on a cost and energy analysis, no definitive
conclusions could be drawn relative to cost or energy
savings that can be realized by use of the Deep Shaft
process. For the plant capacities used in the cost anal-
ysis (1,892 to 37,850 cu m/d; 0.5 to 10.0 mod), the in-
stalled capital cost estimates for the Deep Shaft proc-
ess were equivalent (+ or - 25%) to the conventional
air activated sludge process. Unit energy requirements
(kwti/1000 cu m) were highest for the Deep Shaft
process when treating domestic wastewater.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment Technology assess-
ment Activated sludge process, Cost analysis. Design
criteria, Performance evaluation. Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Deep shaft biological treatment process.
PM2-237942 PC AOS/MF A01
Pesticide Returnable Presumption against Regis-
tration, Treflan (Trad* Name) Position Document
4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
Mar 82,91 p
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) of products containing the above chemical.
The responses by EPA to comments on the prelimi-
nary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel
and the United States Department of Agriculture are
contained in the document A bibliography of citations
used in this final determination is also provided.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Exposure, Malignant neoplasms, Risk, Industrial hy-
giene. Toxicology, Economics, Tests, 'Trifluralin, *Re-
buttable presumption against registration, Toluidine/
trifluoro-dinitro-N-N-dipropvt, Cancer.
PB82-238031 PC A1S/MF A01
Proceodhws of flic Add Rain Conference: Sprfno-
fleU, Virginia, Apt* 8-9,1980.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug80,336p
A transcript of the presentations heard at the confer-
ence, this document addresses the causes and effects
of acid rain and proposed solutions to dealing with the
problem. Many charts, diagrams and some photo-
graphs are included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'PrecipitatJon(Meteorology),
•Water pollution, •Meetings, Acidity, Forest fires,
Vegetation, Fossil fuels. Sulfur dioxide, Mathematical
models. Sulfur oxides, Coal, Nitrogen oxide, Damage,
Plant tissues. Flue gases, DesuKurization, Electric
power plants. Photographs, Acid precipitation. Air pol-
ieffects(Plants).
power
iutionc
PB*2-238049 PC A02/MF A01
Interim Report for EPA/EMA Cooperative Test
Pioaant Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Alex Azary. Mar 82,14p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-08
The Engine Manufacturers Association/Environmental
Protection Agency (EMA/EPA) cooperative test pro-
gram was initiated in May 1981 to analyze lab-to-lab
variability in paniculate emission measurements and to
assess whether or not the large amount of transient
emissions data generated at the Southwest Research
Institute (SwRI) was repeatable at other laboratories.
The program also was designed to determine ways to
improve repeatability. Six engines which are newer
models of engines tested under the SwRI baseline pro-
gram, were chosen to be tested by seven labs: Cum-
mins, Detroit Diesel Allison (DDA), International Har-
vester (IHC), Caterpillar (CAT), Mack, SwRI, and EPA.
A total of 30 sets of tests were scheduled to be con-
ducted on these six engines. Currently 77 percent of
these tests have been completed. By June 1, 90 per-
cent of the testing should be complete, and the pro-
gram will be completed by July 1,1982. This report will
analyze all of the data currently available. First, interlab
variability will be discussed, followed by a discussion of
intra-lab variability. The correlation between 13-mode
and transient particulate emissions will not be present-
ed in this report due to the limited amount of data avail-
able, but will be reviewed in the final report
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Parti-
cles, Laboratory equipment 'Diesel engine exhaust
Heavy duty vehicles.
PB82-238072 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Carbon Monoxide Hot Spot Guidelines. Volume 1:
Techniques,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GOA Technology Div.
Theordore P. Midurski, and George J. Scnewe. Aug 78,
239pGCA-TR-78-32-G(1), EPA-450/3-78-033
Contract EPA-68-02-2539
See also PB80-150212. Errata sheet inserted.
This report presents guidelines for the identification
and evaluation of localized violations of carbon mon-
oxide air quality standards in the vicinity of streets and
highways. The guidelines are provided to facilitate the
rapid and efficient review of CO conditions along exist-
ing roadway networks, without the need for extensive
air quality monitoring, and are based upon the use of
limited traffic data. Two stages of review are provided
for. Preliminary screening, performed with simple no-
mographs included herein, simply identifies those lo-
cations with the potential to violate CO standards; no
quantitative estimate of CO concentrations results
from preliminary screening. Verification screening,
using procedures and forms provided herein, allows
for consideration of additional site-specific conditions
and provides quantitative estimates of maximum CO
concentrations. Both screening procedures are per-
formed manually and are based upon the EPA Indirect
Source Review Guidelines. Data collection proce-
dures, computation techniques, and forms are recom-
mended, and examples are provided.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Guide-
lines, 'Standards, Exhaust emissions, Highways,
Roads, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models,'Air quality.
PB82-238395 PC A03/MF A01
User's Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Chronic
ToxJctty Tests with Fathead Minnows (Ptonephales
prornelas).
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Duane A. Benoit May 82,27p EPA-600/8-81 -011
This paper represents the latest 'state-of-the-art1 pro-
cedural guide for conducting life-cycle chronic toxicily
tests with fathead minnow (Pimephates promelas).
These new procedures are based on recent evalua-
tions of published toxicity tests and methods used by
aquatic lexicologists to conduct life-cycle chronic tests
and early life cycle stage tests with fathead minnows.
These published papers are referenced in the appro-
priate place throughout the text of this report If more
detailed information on test apparatus or specific bio-
logical and chemical methods is desired, the reader is
encouraged to study the reference material. All routine
bioassay flow-through methods not covered in this
procedure (e.g., physical and chemical determinations,
handling of fish) should be followed as described in
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bioassay, Life cycles, Tests,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Water pollu-
tion, Physiological effects, Fishes, Fathead minnows,
•Water pollution effects(Animals), State of the art, Pi-
mephales promelas.
PB82-238460 PC A02/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Plasma Proteins and Colloid Osmotic Pressure of
Blood of Rat Fetuses Prenataliy Exposed to
Mirex. Journal article,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Biology.
Casimer T. Grabowski. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-81 -211
Grant EPA-R-805301
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 7,
p705-7141981.
A significant effect of prenatal exposure to the pesti-
cide Mirex is a fetal edema, which is responsible for
many of the toxic effects of this agent. Pregnant rats
were given 6 mg/kg mirex on d 8 and a half-15 and a
half, a moderate dose that does not cause maternal
mortality. The blood of 18 and a half- and 20 and a
half-d rat fetuses was tested to determine a possible
cause of the edema. There were no significant differ-
ences between fetal and maternal plasma or between
control and treated fetal plasma with respect to
sodium and potassium concentrations or total osmo-
lality. The protein concentration of plasma of treated
fetuses was lower than that of controls. This effect was
proportional to the degree of edema. The concentra-
tion in 20 and a half-d controls was 25.2 mg/ml, that in
mildly swollen treated fetuses 18.1 mg/ml, and that in
severely swollen ones 13.5 mg/ml. Polyacrylamide gel
eiectrophoresis showed quantitative and qualitative
changes in plasma of affected fetuses. The colloid os-
motic pressure was also reduced from 8.0 mm in con-
trols and unaffected treated fetusesto 4.8 mm in swol-
len fetuses. Since lowered plasma protein and colloid
osmotic pressure cause tissue edema in adults, they
are the probable cause of mirex-induced fetal edema.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Insecticides, Edema, Physiological effects,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds. Reprints, Fetuses,
'Mirex, *Methanocydobuta(cd)pentalenes.
PB82-238478 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Ultrasonics In the Rapid Extraction of Hl-
vol Filters for Benzo-a-Pyrene (BaP) Analysis.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Donald H. Swanson, and Joseph F. Walling. Nov 81,
4pEPA-600/J-81-569
Pub. in Chromatography Newsletter, v9 n2 p25-26 Nov
81.
A rapid simple procedure was developed to extract re-
sidual Benzo-a-pyrene from a single hi-vol filter strip. It
involves quantitative dispensing of cyclohexane, 10
minutes of uttrasonication at 78C and a quiescent
period of 1 hour. At that time the solvent is ready for
Chromatography.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Extraction, 'Ultrason-
ic tests, Sampling, Thin layer Chromatography, Re-
prints, 'Benzopyrenes, Procedures.
PB82-238536 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Federal Energy Conservation Programs. Perspec-
tives from the Public and Private Sectors: Volume
I. Summary of a Public Hearing, July 14 and 15,
1981, Washington, DC.
REAP Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
May 82,50p* EPA-600/9-82-009A
Contract EPA-68-02-3669
See also Volume 2, PB82-238544.
Section 11 of the Federal Nonnuclear Research and
Development Act mandates an annual public hearing
on the adequacy of attention to energy conservation
method and the environmental consequences of the
application of energy technologies. This report sum-
marizes the views of 88 individuals and groups who
testified at the Section 11 hearing July 14 and 15,1981
in Washington, D.C., or who submitted written testimo-
ny. The hearing focused on the federal governments'
energy conservation programs. A wide range of opin-
ions was presented including the views of utilities,
trade groups, state and local governments, conserva-
tion businesses and advocacy groups. A complete
transcript of oral and written testimony is available as
Volume II of this report
Keywords: 'Government policies, Projects, Citizen
participation, 'Energy conservation.
1334 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-238544 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Federal Energy Conservation Programs. Perspec-
tives from the Public and Private Sectors: Volume
II. Public Hearing, July 14 and 15, 1981, Washing-
ton, DC.
REAP Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
May82,470p* EPA-600/9-82-009B
Contract EPA-68-02-3669
See also Volume 1, PB82-238536.
The 1981 National hearing on Section 11 of the Feder-
al Nonnuclear Research and Development Act was
held July 14 and 15, 1981 in Washington, D.C. The
hearing focused on the federal governments' energy
conservation programs. This transcript presents the
testimony of 88 individuals and groups who testified at
the hearing, or who submitted written testimony. Testi-
mony regarding issues discussed at the hearing includ-
ed energy policy, benefits of energy conservation,
state ana local governments and private sector activi-
ties, successes and failures of federal programs, bar-
riers to conservation and a continuing federal role. A
summary of the oral and written testimony is available
as Volume I of the report.
Keywords: 'Government policies, Projects, Citizen
participation, 'Energy conservation.
PB82-238569 PC A06/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administrattion,
Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. KennedySpace Center.
Verification and Transfer of Thermal Pollution
Model. Volume I: Verification of Three-Dimension-
al Free-Surface Model. Final rept. Mar 78-Sep 80,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Saniual S. Lee, Subrata Sengupta, S. Y. Tuann, and C.
R. Lee. May 82,125p EPA-600/7-82-037A
Contract NAS10-9410
See also PB82-238577.
The six-volume report: describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1-D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth because surface elevation
has been removed as a parameter. These models
allow computation of time-dependent velocity and
temperature fields for given initial conditions and time-
varying boundary conditions.
Keywords: 'Lake Keowee, 'Water pollution control,
'Thermal pollution, Estuaries, Lakes, Plumes, Three
dimensional flow, Height, Water waves, Boundary
layer, Circulation, Interfaces, Electric power plants,
Aquatic animals, Turbulent diffusion, Seasonal vari-
ations, South Carolina, Flow rate.
PB82-238577 PC A08/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Cocoa Beach, FL John F. Kennedy Space Center.
Verification and Transfer of Termal Pollution
Model. Volume II: User's Manual for Three-Dtmen-
•kmal Free-Surface Model. Final rept. Mar 78-Sep
80,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
Samuel S. Lee, Subrata Sengupta, S. Y. Tuann, and C.
R. Lee. May 82,154p EPA-600/7-82-037B
Contract NAS10-9410
See also PB82-238569, and PB82-238585.
The six-volume report: describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1-D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth. These models allow com-
putation of time-dependent velocity and temperature
fields for given initial conditions and time-varying
boundary conditions.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Lakes, 'Thermal pollution,
Manuals, Plumes, Mathematical models, Three dimen-
sional flow, Water waves, Depth, Coasts, Boundaries,
Fortran, Subroutines, ANCMN computer program,
PLOTMN computer program.
PB82-238585 PC A06/MF A01
National Aeranautics and Space Administration,
Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. KennedySpace Center.
Verification and Transfer of Thermal Pollution
Model. Volume III: Verification of Three-Dimen-
sional RIgid-Ud Model. Final rept. Mar 78-Sep 80,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
Samuel S. Lee, Subrata Sengupta, Emmanuel V.
Nwadike, and Sumon K. Sinha. May 82,104p EPA-
600/7-82-037C
Contract NAS10-9410
See also PB82-238577, and PB82-238601.
The six-volume report: describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1-D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth (e.g., natural or man-made
inland lakes) because surface elevation has been re-
moved as a parameter. These models allow computa-
tion of time-dependent velocity and temperature fields
for given initial conditions and time-varying boundary
conditions. The free-surface model also provides sur-
face height variations with time.
Keywords: 'Lake Keowee, 'Thermal pollution, 'Water
pollution control, Manuals, Estuaries, Mathematical
models, Plumes, Three dimensional flow, Interfaces,
Water waves, Height Coasts, Temperature, Boundary
layer, Florida, Biscayne Bay, Bslews Lake, Circulation,
Momentum, Continuity equation, 'Air water interfaces.
PB82-238601 PC A07/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. Kennedy Space Center.
Verification and Transfer of Thermal Pollution
Model. Volume V: Verification of One-Dimensional
Numerical Model. Final rept. Mar 78-Sep 80,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
Samuel S. Lee, Subrata Sengupta, and Emmanuel V.
Nwadike. May 82,149p EPA-600/7-82-037E
Contract NAS10-9410
See also PB82-238585, and PB82-238619.
The six-volume report: describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1-D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth (e.g., natural or man-made
inland lakes) because surface elevation has been re-
moved as a parameter. These models allow computa-
tion of tJmeHJependent velocity and temperature fields
for given initial conditions and time-varying boundary
conditions.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Lakes, 'Thermal pollution,
Plumes, Three dimensional flow, One dimensional
flow, Depth, Lake Keowee, Height, Cayuga Lake,
South Carolina, Florida, New York, Temperature gradi-
ents, Graphs(Charts), Discharge(Water).
PB82-238619 PC A04/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. Kennedy Space Center.
Verification and Transfer of Thermal Pollution
Model. Volume VI: User's Manual for One-Dimen-
sional Numerical Model. Final rept. Mar 78-Sep 89,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
Samuel S. Lee, Subrata Sengupta, and Emmanuel V.
Nwadike. May 82,58p EPA-600/7-82-037F
Contract NAS10-9410
See also PB82-238569.
The six-volume report: describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1-D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth (e.g., natural or man-made
inland lakes) because surface elevation has been re-
moved as a parameter.
Keywords: 'Lake Keowee, 'Thermal pollution, 'Water
pollution control, Thermocfines, Manuals, One dimen-
sional flow, Algorithms, Depth, Fortran, Thermal diffu-
sion, Temperature gradients, Profiles, Subroutines,
Computer programs, Stratification, Interfaces, Bound-
ary layer, Plumes, South Carolina, 'NASA SYM model.
PB82-238643 PC A99/MF A01
Practical Demonstration of Urban Air Quality Sim-
ulation Models - Part II.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Dec 78,61 Op NATO/CCMS-106
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Part II of this document presents the most important
full length original papers prepared during the 'Practi-
cal Demonstration of Urban Air Quality Simulation
Models.' It includes the 'Common Data Base for the
Test-City' which was used for the model calculations,
brief descriptions of the different models used in the
'Practical Demonstration,' and the results of the model
calculations for the Test City.' This document surveys
a variety of well-known Gaussian plume models in
widespread use and notes the differences between
them. It also suggests explanations for the possible
band width in model results that may be caused by
such differences.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Mathematical
models, 'Air quality, Gaussian plume models.
PB82-238668 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Determination of Effects of Ambient Conditions
on Aircraft Engine Emissions: ALF 502 Combustor
Rig Testing and Engine Verification Test Final
rept. Mar 76-Jan 77,
Avco Lycoming Engine Group, Stratford, CT. Stratford
Div.
H. F. Trembley, Jr., and Thomas Cackette. Jun 77,
260p LYC-77-54, EPA-460/3-77-017
Contract EPA-68-03-2383
A program was conducted by Avco Lycoming Engine
Group for the purpose of determining the effects of
ambient temperature, humidity, and pressure on the
emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides
of nitrogen, and smoke. The approach involved the
performance of two tasks. Task I was to gather data
through Lycoming ALF 502 combustor rig testing
under controlled simulated inlet conditions; Task II was
to test a full-scale ALF 502 engine over a range of un-
controlled ambient conditions to verify the rig test data.
Keywords: 'Aircraft engines, 'Gas turbine engines,
*Air pollution, Exhaust emissions, Test equipment
Test stands, Performance evaluation, Statistical data,
'Ambient conditions.
PB82-238684 PC A02/MF A01
Olfaction: Anatomy, Physiology and Behavior.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
December 1983 1335
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vemon A. Benignus, and James D. Prah. Apr 62,9p
EPA-600/J-81-101
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v44 p15-
21 1982. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill.
The anatomy, physiology and function of the olfactory
system are reviewed, as are the normal effects of ol-
factory stimulation. It is speculated that olfaction may
have important but unobtrusive effects on human be-
havior.
Keywords: 'Olfactory organs, Anatomy, Physiology,
Behavior, Reviews, Stimulation, Reprints.
PB82-238924 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Diagnosing Vegetation Injury Caused by Air Pollu-
tion.
Applied Science Associates, Inc., Valencia, PA.
David R. Hicks. Feb 78, 315p EPA-450/3-78-005
Contract EPA-68-02-1344
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This handbook explains the effects of various air pol-
lutants on vegetation and how to diagnose the sus-
pected injuries. It discusses the structure and function
of plants in relation to air pollution injury and the differ-
ent pollutants: photochemical oxidants, sulfur dioxide,
fluorides, and minor pollutants. It also explains the
interactions between pollutants and pollutants and
pathogens, discusses mimicking symptoms, and iden-
tifies the sources and meteorological aspects of air
pollution and the effects of topography on dispersion.
The basic procedure and routine for diagnosis of sus-
pected air pollution injury to vegetation is outlines.
Charts, glossary and index are included.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Toxicology, Handbooks,
Plants(Botany), Diagnosis, Signs and symptoms,
Sulfur dioxide, Fluorides, Interactions, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Injuries, Photochemical oxidants,
Pathogens.
PB82-238965 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of River Load Estimation Methods for
Total Phosphorus. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
David M. Dolan, Alexander K. Yui, and Raymond D.
GeistMay82,10p EPA-600/J-81-552
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research International As-
sociation 7(3), 0207-214 1981.
Accurate estimates of pollutant loadings to the Great
Lakes are required for trend detection, model develop-
ment, and planning. On many major rivers, infrequent
sampling of most pollutants makes these estimates
difficult However, most large rivers have complete
daily flow records available from the U.S. Geological
Survey. A number of different estimation methods
have been developed to use these data in conjunction
with available concentration data to calculate pollutant
loadings. Several of these methods have been evalu-
ated in this paper for a typical major tributary.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Phosphorus, 'Great
Lakes, •LoadsfForces), Monitoring, Sites,
Concentrabon(Conipositk)n), Reprints.
PB82-238973 PC A02/MF A01
Perspectives on US. Great Lakes Chemical Toxic
Substances Research. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Wafam C. Sonzogni, and Wayland R. Swain. May 82,
12pEPA-600/J-«0-394
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research International As-
sociation 6(4), p265-274 1960. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor,
Ml.
Because of their magnitude, their geographic and de-
mographic characteristics, and ther unique Hmnolooi-
cal properties, the Great Lakes appear to be especially
susceptible to chemical contamination. The scientific
basis for dealing with this contamination is very limited
compared with the magnitude of the problem. This is
particularly evident when the vast array of toxic xeno-
biotic substances of anthropogenic origin are consid-
ered. Major knowledge gaps exist on the critical trans-
port pathways, ultimate fate, and ecological effects of
toxic substances (of urgent importance are health ef-
fects on humans residing in the basin), as well as on
the economic and social aspects of toxic manage-
ment. The economic climate of the 1980s, however, is
likely to severely limit the resources available for the
conduct of research which is so badly needed. Conse-
quently, it appears that the Great Lakes research com-
munity will have imposed upon it a markedly increased
demand for information and a concomitant reduction in
the resources available to accomplish the task. Finally,
despite a pessimistic outlook for research support,
there is optimism that the Great Lakes will respond
positively, and in a relatively short time span (years as
opposed to centuries), to the abatement of toxic
inputs. Nevertheless, additional information on the
processes affecting the distribution and fate of toxic
substances is still critical to the understanding required
to ensure effective remedial actions.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, 'Chemical
compounds, 'Research, Transport properties, Limnol-
ogy, Ecology, Public health, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB82-238981 PC A02/MF A01
Synthesis of the Octa- and Nonachloroblphenyl
Isomers and Congeners and their Quantltatlon In
Commercial PoJycMormated Biphenyls and Identi-
fication In Human Breast Milk. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
M. Mullin, G. Sawka, L Safe. S. McCrindle, and S.
Safe. May 82,7p EPA-600/J-81-551
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
The synthesis of all possible isomeric nona- and oc-
tachtorobiphenyls has been accomplished by the Ca-
dogan coupling of commercially available or synthetic
chlorinated anilines in the presence of excess chlorin-
ated benzenes and isoamyl nitrite. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlor-
oaniline was prepared by the chlorination of 2,4,5-
trichloroaniline. The synthetic polychlorinated biphen-
yls (PCBs) were characterized by their proton magnet-
ic resonance and mass spectra and their purities de-
termined by gas chromatographic analyses. The PCS
standards were used to unambiguously identify the
deca-, nona-, and octachlorobiphenyls present in
human breast milk and in the commercial PCB prep-
arations Arodors 1268,1262,1260,1254,1248,1242,
1016, 1232 and 1221 utilizing high resolution glass
capillary gas chromatography.
Keywords: *Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Chemical analysis,
*lsomerizatk>n, Chlorine organic compounds, Mass
spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Proton magnetic
resonance, Milk, Humans, nssues(Btology), Toxicol-
ogy, Reprints, * Polychlorinated biphenyls, Arodors.
PB82-238999 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Whole Drilling Mud and Selected Com-
ponents on the Shell Movements of the Bay Scal-
lop, 'Argopecten Irradlans'. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacda. Dept of Biol-
ogy.
P. V.
P. V. Hamilton, M. A. Winter, and R. K. Pegg. Oct 81 ,
10pEPA-600/J-81-573
Grant EPA-R-8061 21
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v5 n1 p13-20 Oct 81 .
The present study was designed to measure the ef-
fects of whole drilling mud and two of its major particu-
late components (barite and lignosulfonate) on the
shell movements and swimming responses of the bay
scallop, Argopecten irradians.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Drilling fluids, 'Mud, Shell-
fish, Water pollution, Physiological effects, Re-
sponses, Barite, Reprints, Argopecten irradians, Scal-
lops, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Lignosulfon-
ate.
PB82-239005 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze. FL
The Determination and Use of Condition Index of
Oysters. Journal article,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
David R. Lawrence, and Geoffrey I. Scott. 1982.7p
CONTRIB-363, EPA-600/J-82-212
Pub. in Estuaries, v5 n1 p23-27 Mar 82.
Oyster condition measures should be standardized
through use of Hopkins' formula: Condition Index - (dry
meat weight in g) (100)/(intemal cavity volume in cu.
cm.). Cavity volumes, previously measured chiefly as
capacity by a water displacement method, may be de-
termined by subtracting the weight in air of the oyster's
valves from the weight in air of the intact oyster (both
in g). This method is valid because the effective densi-
ty of cavity contents is close to 1 g per cu. cm. The
technique is simple and time-efficient and could pro-
mote more widespread use of oyster condition studies.
Keywords: "Oysters, 'Toxicology, Shellfish, Indicator
species, Standards, Reprints, 'Bioindicators, Water
pollution detection, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-239013 PC A02/MF A01
On the Use of Indices In Aquatic Toxlcotoglcal
Hazard Assessment Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Andrew J. McEriean, and Thomas W. Duke. Nov 81,
13p EPA-600/J-82-058, CONTRIB-432
Pub. in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1,
P344.3541981.
Application of environmental indexing techniques to
aquatic lexicological hazard assessment is illustrated,
using three common data types (factors): acute inver-
tebrate and vertebrate LC50 data and octanol-water
partition coefficients for 37 chemical compounds. Sub-
index factor rating scales are constructed, total index
computation is illustrated, and possible uses of this or
other similar indices are discussed.
Keywords: 'lndexes(Ratios), 'Toxicology, Assess-
ments, Indicator species, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Haz-
ards, Reprints, 'Bioindicators, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB82-239021 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A Comparison of Ozone and Chlorine Toxlctty to
Three Ufe Stages of the American Oyster 'Cras-
sostrea virginica'. Journal article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict MD. Benedict Estuarine Research Lab.
Leonard B. Richardson, Dennis T. Burton, and Ann M.
Stavola. 29 Jan 81,17p EPA-600/ J-82-214
Grant EPA-R-804683
Also pub. as Marine Environmental Research 6, p99-
1131982.
The effects of ozone-produced oxidants (OPO) on
three developmental stages of the American oyster,
Crassostrea virginica, were evaluated. Straight-hinge
larvae were significantly more sensitive to OPO than
setting pediveliger larvae. Both larval stages were sig-
nificantly more sensitive to Chlorine-produced oxi-
dants (CPO) than to OPO. Shell deposition was signifi-
cantly inhibited at all OPO concentrations for both 15C
and 25C acclimated adult oysters. No significant differ-
ences were found between the shell deposition re-
sponse of oysters at the two acclimation temperatures.
Faecal matter accumulation was significantly reduced
at OPO concentrations > 0 05 mg/litre at both 15C
and 25C. It was significantly (p<0.05) greater for 25C
acclimated oysters than for 15C acclimated oysters at
OPO concentrations < 0.10 mg/lrtre but not at higher
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Oysters, 'Ozone, 'Chlorine,
Comparison, Oxidizers, Larvae,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Crassostrea
virginica, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB82-239039 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., GuK Breeze, FL
Changes In the Free Amlno Add Pool during Envi-
ronmental Stress In the Gill Tissue of the Oyster,
•Crassostrea virginica'. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept of Ocean-
EncNLP'owell, Margaret Kasschau, Edward Chen,
Michael Koenig, and Jill Pecon. 30 Jul 81,10p EPA-
600/ J-82-213
Grant EPA-R-806793
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v71A n4 p591-598 1982.Prepared in cooperation wrth
Houston Univ., TX.
1336 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this study was to examine the FAA
pool of the oyster Crassostrea virginica, during expo-
sure to four stress-inducing agents to determine
whether the amino acid pool might be used to identify
agents inducing stress and to monitor stress phenom-
ena. Three natural stresses were used: (1) hyperos-
motic stress induced by a salinity increase and (2)
anoxia-both of which are known to cause specific
metabolic changes in the FAA pool and (3) turbidity,
which is known to deleteriously affect the filtering ca-
pability of many bivalves. The fourth stressing agent
was drilling effluents which are by-products of oil drill-
ing operations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Oysters, *Amino acids,
Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(AnimaTs), Gills, Crassostrea virginica.
PB82-239047 PC A02/MF A01
On Estimating Air Pollution Concentrations from a
Highway In an Oblique Wind,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Div. of Meteorology.
Kenneth L Calder. 21 Mar 73,8p
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v7 D863-868 1973.
Concentrations produced by an extended near-ground
line-source of vehiculariy-generated highway air pollu-
tion are considered with special emphasis on the influ-
ence of the obliquity of the wind. A result previously
quoted by Turner is clarified, and it is shown that over a
wide range of wind directions the concentration distri-
bution can be calculated by a simple approximate for-
mula. Although the concentrations increase as the
wind more closely parallels the direction of the high-
way, the increase is only slight and for many practical
purposes, could be disregarded.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, High-
ways, Wind(Meteorology),
Conoentration(Composition).
PB82-239054 PC A22/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Handbook for Remedial Action at Waste Disposal
Sites, Final rept
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Mar 82,522p* EPA-625/6-82-006
Contract EPA-68-03-3035, EPA-68-01 -4389
Sponsored in part by Contract EPA-68-01 -5913.
This handbook is directed toward technical personnel
in federal, state, regional, and municipal agencies in-
volved in the cleanup of hazardous waste disposal
sites, industrial surface impoundments, and municipal,
industrial, and combined landfills. It contains a summa-
ry of the flow of contaminants from a land disposal site,
the remedial actions available for site cleanup, and a
methodology by which a preliminary remedial action
plan can be developed for a specific site. It also in-
cludes discussions on remedial actions applicable to
surface flow control, groundwater control, leachate
control, gas migration control, direct treatment of land
disposal wastes, and cleanup of contaminated sewers,
water pipes, and sediments. Its objectives are to pro-
vide detailed information including a general descrip-
tion, applications, design, construction, and/or operat-
ing considerations, advantages and disadvantages,
and installation and annual operating costs, with an ex-
ample where possible. An appendix presents auxiliary
information on wastewater treatment unit operations
and costs, monitoring methodology, safety and health
considerations, and cost update indices.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Handbooks, 'Waste
dsposal. Sites, Earth fills, Ground water, Water pollu-
tion control. Leaching, Transport properties, Sedi-
ments, Technology, Sewage, Industrial waste treat-
ments, 'Land disposal, 'Solid wastes.
PB82-239237 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
User's Manual for EXPLORE-I: A River Basin
Water Quality Model (Hydraulic Module Only).
Final rept Apr 78-Jan 80,
BatteWe Pacific Northwest Labs., Rtchland, WA.
Y. Onishi. May 82,135p EPA-600/3-82-054
Contract EPA-68-03-2613
See also Appendix B, PB-256 934.
EXPLORE-1 is a computer program that simulates the
dynamic hydraulic and water quality characteristics of
a river basin. It can be used to study the effects of vari-
ous flow conditions, waste discharges and treatment
schemes on the water quality conditions of lakes, res-
ervoirs, and estuaries. This user's manual provides
input instructions for the hydraulic module of the EX-
PLORE-1 code. Basic programming requirements of
the code are also included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'River basin develop-
ment, Computer programs, Water quality. Mathemati-
cal models, Hydraulic models, Streamflow, Waste dis-
posal, Sewage treatment, EXPLORE 1 computer pro-
gram.
PB82-239252 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Cycling of Xenoblotlcs through Marine and Estua-
rine Sediments. Final rept.,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy-
Charles N. D'Asaro, and Frank G. Wilkes. Jul 82,51 p
EPA-600/3-82-074
Grant EPA-R804458
The results of five broadly defined projects are report-
ed. Cycling of xenobiotics was studied with a photo-
bioassay system that used time-lapse photography to
evaluate effects of Kepone and sodium pentachloro-
phenate on feeding activity of the lugworm, Arenicola
cristata. Radio-labeled methyl parathion was used to
demonstrate fate and effect in microcosms inhabited
by lugworms. Uptake and depuration of chrysene by
lugworms was evaluated in a flow-through system. A
toxic sediment bioassay system was developed to pro-
vide a means to test effects of dredge spoil. Kepone-
sorbed sediment and dredge spoil from James River
and Houston Ship Channel were tested for 28 days.
Long-term tests (100 days), with the same systems,
were used to evaluate effects of a specific drilling mud
from an active exploratory platform. Predator-prey
tests of sublethal effects of xenobiotics demonstrated
effect in one-prey and two-prey systems. Evaluation of
sublethal effects, such as avoidance of pollution gradi-
ents, was studied in a trough-type avoidance-response
system. The system recorded responses automatically
and independently of an observer. Tests with pinfish
demonstrated that they will avoid chlorine-produced
oxidants. Usefulness of small-scale microcosms was
evaluated by developing methods to culture poly-
chaetes and crustaceans. Various aspects of the biol-
ogy of selected species were studied.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution,
Graphs(Charts), Bioassays, Sediments, Chemical
compounds, Toxicology, 'Lugworm, Kepone, Methyl
parathion, Arenicola cristata. Microcosms, Path of pol-
lutants, Dredge spoil, Sodium pentachlorophenate,
'Xenobiotics.
PB82-239260 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Maintenance Effect on Fugitive
Emmisslon* from Refineries In the South Coast
Air Quality Management District Final rept. Dec 80-
Sep81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. L Honerkamp, M. L. Scrtwendeman, and L. P.
Provost Jun 82,233p RAD-82-203-001-30-17, EPA-
600/7-82-049,, IERL-RTP-1289
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes results of a data collection in-
vestigation of the effectiveness of rules to control vola-
tile organic compound (VOC) fugitive emissions from
California's South Coast Air Quality Management Dis-
trict (SCAQMD). A leak detection survey (hydrocarbon
detector screening) at two refineries in the SCAQMD
and refinery records from previous inspections were
reviewed. Other data was collected to evaluate the
effect of screening at various distances from the
source for pump and compressor seals, and to evalu-
ate seal lifetimes or replacement policies.
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Air pollution, Leakage,
Seals(Stoppers), Maintenance, Organic compounds,
'South coast air quality management district 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB82-239278 PC A09/MF A01
Evaluation of Four Urban-Scale Photochemical Air
Quality Simulation Models,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jack H. Shreffler, and Kenneth L. Schere. Apr 82,179p
EPA-600/3-82-043
The purpose of this research was to determine the ac-
curacy of four photochemical air quality simulation
models using data from the Regiona! Air Pollution
Study in St. Louis. The models evaluated in this report
are: The Photochemical Box Model (PBM) built in-
house by EPA, The Lagrangian Photochemical Model
(LPM) built by Environmental Research and Technolo-
gy, Inc., The Urban Airshed Model (UAM) built by Sys-
tems Applications, Inc., and The LJvermore Regional
Air Quality Model (LIRAQ) built by Lawrence LJvermore
Laboratory. Emphasis in this report is directed at the
ability of the models to reproduce the maximum 1-hour
ozone concentrations observed on 10 days selected
from nearly two years of data. The PBM, LPM, and
UAM have been successfully tested and show poten-
tial as air quality management tools. LIRAQ does not
show potential as a model for general use, irrespective
of its accuracy (which was impossible to judge at this
time). The standard deviation of the differences be-
tween observed ozone maxima and predicted concen-
trations at the same place and time tend to be large,
ranging 0.04-0.1 ppm for maxima of 0.19-0.26 ppm. Al-
though some problems exist whose resolution could
improve model performance, this high variability
should be recognized by decision-makers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Mathematical
models, Ozone, Concentration(Composi1ion), 'Air
quality. Photochemical box model, Lagrangian photo-
chemical model, Urban Airshed Model, Uvermore re-
gional air quality model.
PB82-239286 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab. Athens GA.
Feasibility of Developing a Comprehensive Meth-
odology for Source Identification and Environ-
mental Loading (Materials Balance). Final rept. Apr
79-Aug 79,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
A. E. Wechsler, A. O. Eschenroeder, D. Gilbert, K.
Loos, and P. PostOn. Apr 82,108p EPA-600/3-82-047
Contract EPA-68-01-3857
A materials balance is an array of the flows of materi-
als or chemicals from the cultural environment to the
first point of entry into the natural environment and in-
cludes information regarding the location, time rate,
quantity and chemistry of the flows. The materials bal-
ance encompasses two major components-identifica-
tion of sources and materials and estimates of environ-
mental loadings. The scope and focus of a materials
balance is determined by various characteristics, such
as geographic scale, time frame, environmental media
or chemical class. Feasibility criteria are presented to
evaluate the various approaches. The feasibility crite-
ria are degree of uncertainty in source or quantities,
human resource requirements, time constraints, identi-
fication of controllable sources, applicability to expo-
sure predictions, comprehensiveness of the method,
ability to use similar chemicals as guides, interfacing
with fate models, accuracy of results, compatibility with
existing data, applicability of method to different geo-
graphic scales, resolution of results in time and space,
requirements for monitoring data, use of confidential
information, data processing demands and complexity
of input data and method.
Keywords: 'Material balance, 'Environmental surveys,
Feasibility, Chemical compounds, Risks, Exposure,
Sources, Path of pollutants.
PB82-239294 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Part*, NC.
Laboratory Evaluation of Level 1 Organic Analysis
Procedures. Final rept Jan 77-Dec 78,
Uttle (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Judith C. Harris, Zoe A. Grosser, Philip L Levins,
Debra J. Soriin, and Clifford H. Summers. Jun 82,207p
EPA-600/7-82-048
Contract EPA-68-02-2150
The report describes an evaluation of the Level 1 or-
ganic sampling and analysis procedures proposed in
1ERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environmental
December 1983 1337
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Assessment,' EPA-600/2-76-160a, June 1976. (This
manual has been superceded by EPA-600/7-78-201,
October 1978). Priorities of the study included: devel-
opment of a resource of information concerning the
behavior of compounds and classes of compounds
when subjected to Level 1 procedures, and identifica-
tion of problems and limitations of the proposed proce-
dures that might require revision in methodology. The
report gives results of a series of experimental studies
of the organic analysis procedures as proposed and as
eventually modified. Laboratory studies are described
in discrete independent chapters that deal with the in-
dividual experimental investigations.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
'Environmental surveys, Air pollution. Sampling, Water
pollution. Gas chromatography. Adsorption,
Concentration(Composrtton), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Extraction, Infrared spectroscopy,
Gravimetric analysis. Solid wastes, XAD 2 resins, Pro-
cedures.
PB82-239302 PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water and Legionnaires' Disease.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Alfred P. Oufour, and Walter Jakubowski. 1982,39p
EPA-600/D-82-285
Pneumonia outbreaks caused by Legionella species
recently have been epidemiologically linked to potable
water distribution systems in hospitals and hotels.
Showerheads were confirmed as the immediate
source of the Legionella in many of the outbreaks,
however, the organism also was isolated from other
parts of the water distribution systems, such as water
taps and storage tanks. Legionella also have been iso-
lated from building water distribution systems in the
absence of the disease and this has led to questions
about the need to disinfect all systems in which the or-
ganism is found. In disease outbreak situations, where
the requirement for disinfection is appropriate, chlorin-
ation appears to be the method of choice. Chlorine
'shock' treatment (50 rng/L free chlorine for short peri-
ods) followed by continuous chkxination (1-2 mg/L
free chlorine) was effective for eliminating Legionella
from plumbing systems. High temperature (60C for 72
hours) was partially effective for removing most of the
Legionella for 1 to 2 month periods. Ozone and ultra-
violet irradiation were not effective. The role of potable
water as a vehicle for the transmission of Legionella
species is ambiguous, since the organisms have not
been isolated from mains delivering water to buildings
whose potable water plumbing systems have yielded
the organism. Recommendations for the control of Le-
gionella that are consistent with the current state of
our knowledge of this pathogen are discussed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Bacterial diseases, "Res-
piratory diseases, Epidemiology, Infectious diseases.
Public health. Contaminants, Bacteria, Isolation, De-
tection, •Drinking water, 'Legionnaires disease, Le-
gionella. Water pollution control.
PB82-239310 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Application of Advanced Combustion Modffica-
oons to Induvtnw Procoss Ecjulpfnofiti Subscste
Tsst Results. Final rept Jul 77-Oct 78,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. C. Hunter, W. A. Carter, R. J. Tidona, and H. J.
Buening. Apr 82,268p EPA-600/7-82-021
Contract EPA-6B-02-2645
The report gives results of subscate tests to evaluate
combustion modifications for emission control on pe-
troleum process heaters, cement kilns, and steel fur-
naces. The aim was to assess applicability, NOx emis-
sions reductions, and cost effectiveness of several
modifications and to select the most promising for pilot
scale tests. Subscate process heater baseitne NOx
were about 55 ng/J firing natural gas at 2.9 MW heat
input NOx were reduced by 67% with staged combus-
tion and by 63% with flue gas rectrculatjon (FGR).
Rring No. 6 oil, baseline NOx of 160 ng/J were re-
duced by 51% with staged combustion and by 39%
with FGR. Staged combustion was selected for pilot
scale tests. Subscate cement kiln, baseline NOx were
30-60 ng/J firing natural gas at about 80 kW heat
input Fry ash, tain dust water, and sulfur were injected
separately to evaluate the NOx reduction potential. Fly
ash injection reduced NOx by 28%; the other injec-
tants reduced NOx by 12-20%. Further work at a larger
scale is planned prior to selecting modifications for
pilot scale tests. For the subscale steel furnace, base-
line NOx of 115 ng/J firing natural gas at 0.6 MW heat
input were reduced by 88% with FGR and by 47% with
water injection. Firing No. 2 oil, baseline NOx of 160
ng/J were reduced by 77% with FGR and by 89% with
steam injection.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Heating equipment Revisions, Flue gases, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Petroleum industry,
Kilns, Furnaces, Sampling, Performance evaluation.
PB82-239344 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Low-Emission
OII-Fired Residential Hot Water Condensing Heat-
ing System. Volume I: Technical Results. Final
rept.Jul80-Feb81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
C. Castaldini. May 82,101 p EPA-600/7-82-038A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB82-239351.
The report gives results of a test program measuring
air and water emissions from a high-efficiency hot-
water residential heating system of European design,
utilizing a condensing flue gas system and a low emis-
sion burner. Criteria and noncriteria emissions, includ-
ing trace elements and organic species in both flue
gas and condensate waste water streams, were meas-
ured. NO (as NO2), CO, total UHC (as propane), and
total paniculate emissions measured about 37,12,1.5,
and 2.7 ng/J heat input respectively. Adsorption of
sulfates and nitrates in the waste water resulted in a
constant pH of 3.0. Total organic emissions in the flue
gas measured 3.5 mg/dscm; they were below the de-
tectable limit in the waste water. Several inorganic
trace elements, including chromium, copper, iron, and
nickel, in the waste water were attributed to leaching of
heat transfer metal surfaces by the warm acidic water.
Bioassays were also performed to evaluate the poten-
tial health hazard of the streams. Results indicate non-
detectable to moderate toxicrty and mutagenicity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Heating,
'Fuel oil, Residential buildings, Assessments, Burners,
Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Particles, Trace
elements, Organic compounds, Metals, Bioassays,
'Hot water systems.
PB82-239351 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Low-Emission
OiHTred Residential Hot Water Condensing Heat-
ing System. Volume II: Data Supplement Final
rept Jul80-Feb81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
C. Castaldini. May 82,195p EPA-600/7-82-038B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB82-239344.
The purpose of this Data Supplement is to document
data in greater detail than was practical in the final
report (PB82-239344). It is intended to provide suffi-
cient detail for researchers to perform their own analy-
sis of the data. Readers are referred to the final report
for objectives, description of the emission results, in-
terpretations, and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Heating,
•Fuel oil, Tabtes(Data), Residential buildings, Assess-
ments, Burners, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Trace ele-
ments, Organic compounds, Metals, Bioassays, 'Hot
water systems.
PB82-239369 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Turbidity over the United States
from 1967-1976. Final rept,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Elmer Robinson, and Ralph J. Valente. Jul 82,105p
Grant EPA-R-806124
Geographical, seasonal and long term variations in tur-
bidity for the period 1967-1976 from the EPA/NOAA
turbidity network are described. A model relating at-
mospheric turbidity to relative urbanization is also pre-
sented. The 1967-1976 data show that increases in
annual average nonurban turbidity since the first five
years of turbidity monitoring (1961-1966) are primarily
found over the southeastern United States with in-
creases of about 30%. During 1967-1976 annual aver-
age turbidity increases primarily at stations in the
Southeast. This increase is due mostly to increasing
summer turbidity. The model which is developed in-
volves the separation of annual average urban turbidity
into background and local effects terms where local ef-
fects are related to the local urban area population.
Keywords: 'Turbidity, 'Air pollution, 'Urbanization,
Mathematical models, Regression analysis, Trends,
Climatology, Air mass analysis, Seasonal variations,
Southeastern Region(United States).
PB82-239385 PC A04/MF A01
National Emissions Data System (NEDSX1978)
Fuel Use Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 80,68p EPA-450/4-80-028
This report summarizes annual estimates of total con-
sumption of major fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural
gas, gasoline, and diesel fuels. Estimates of the con-
sumption of a number of other comparatively minor
fuels are also included. The data are distributed ac-
cording to major categories of air pollutant emissions
sources and are reported for the nation as a whole and
for individual states, territories, and the District of Co-
lumbia. The data compilations are obtained from the
U.S. EPA's National Emissions Data System (NEDS).
Portions of the NEDS data are reported to EPA by
state agencies under the provision of Section 110 of
the Clean Air Act and EPA Regulations, Title 40, Code
of Federal Regulations, Part 51.321. The NEDS is a
component of the comprehensive EPA air data infor-
mation system, the Aerometric and Emissions Report-
ing System (AEROS). AEROS is managed by the Na-
tional Air Data Branch (NADB, Monitoring and Data
Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, at
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Air pollution, Regula-
tions, Sources, Tables(Data),
Goncentration(CornpositJon), Exhaust emissions, 'Na-
tional Emissions Data System, Point sources.
PB82-239401 PC AOS/MF A01
Estimated Exposure to Ambient Carbon Monoxide
Concentrations under Alterative Air Quality
StandardSi
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
William F, Biller, Thomas B. Feagans, Ted R. Johnson,
George M. Duggan, and James E. Capel. Aug 80,86p
An important element in considering possible alterna-
tive air quality standards is the (uncertain) population
exposure to pollutant concentrations that would result
if a given standard were just attained. As part of the
current review of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for carbon monoxide (CO), estimates have
been made of exposures of the populations of nine
U.S. cities to selected CO levels under existing condi-
tions and assuming attainment of various alternative
standards. Making use of some ideas that have been
develped by other investigators (see discussion in (1)),
two models have been developed for estimating expo-
sures to ambient carbon monoxide levels. In the
present study, bounds were estimated for the quanti-
ties whose uncertainty had the largest impact on the
exposure estimates, and lower bound and upper
bound estimates are calculated on this basis along.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Exposures, Modifi-
cations, Mathematical models, Computer programs,
'Air quality, National Air Quality Standards, Numerical
Solution.
PB82-239633 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
An Evaluation of Strategies to Control Noise from
Refuse Collection Vehicles,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Sat Agrawal, Donna McCord Dickman, and Steve
Larson. Aug 81,34p EPA/550/9-82-407
Contract EPA-68-01-3952
1338 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report investigated four potential noise control ap-
proaches to the control of noise from refuse collection
vehicles. These included: (1) the potential impact of a
legislative alternative requiring stationary compactors
for all new high-rise developments; (2) the effect of a
collection curfew; (3) the incorporation of noise into an
annual inspection program and (4) the impact of taking
no local action and allowing federal regulations to
serve as the only control.
Keywords: 'Motor trucks, 'Refuse, 'Noise pollution,
Noise reduction, Legislation, Maryland, "Refuse col-
lection, Prince Georges County(Maryland).
PB82-239641 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Procedures to Estimate Airport Residential Relo-
cation Costs. Final rept,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Richard Chais, and Joseph Felder. Apr 81,65p ORI-
TR-1856, EPA/550/9-82-327
Contract EPA-68-01 -6154
The cost of relocating private residences exposed to
excessive aviation noise levels at the nation's airports
is a major factor in determining the viability of a com-
prehensive airport relocation and soundproofing pro-
gram. The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real
Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 is reviewed to
determine applicability to a relocation program and to
define airport-specific relocation cases and costs. Pro-
cedures are provided for (1) developing a well-defined
set of cases for which relocation costs may be estimat-
ed; (2) determining the costs in current dollars for each
expense item in each relocation case; and (3) deter-
mining the frequency of occurrence for each case as
applied to specific airports. Total costs for all cases for
a hypothetical airport relocation effort are provided.
Supporting data and equations used are presented.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Residential buildings, 'Urban
relocation, Noise pollution, Cost analysis, Market
value, Demography, 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-239658 PC A09
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Violations: Guidance Manual for State and
Local Prosecutors.
Aspen Systems Corp., Rockville, MD.
1981,182p EPA/550/9-80-425
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance to
prosecutors who choose to take legal action against
violators of State or local noise control regulations; its
intent is to assist prosecutors preparing for and con-
ducting a trial - from drafting trie complaint to submit-
ting jury instructions.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Law enforcement,
'Manuals, Guidelines, Common law, Acoustic meas-
urement, Noise reduction. State government, Regula-
tions. 'Noise levels, 'Noise exposure, Hearth hazards,
Evidence.
PB82-239666 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Community Noise Around General Aviation Air-
ports from the Year 1975 to 2000. Final rept. Aug
79-Jan81,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
William J. Galloway, and Ricarda L Bennett. Sep 81,
132p4442, EPA/550/9-81-339
Contract EPA-68-01-5823
This study forecasts general aviation airport noise from
1975 to the year 2000. It focuses upon noise due to
propeller-driven and business jet airplanes that oper-
ate at exclusively general aviation airports throughout
the country. The results of the study, expressed in
terms of geographical area and population within day-
night average sound levels of 55 decibels and higher,
are estimated at five-year intervals covering this study
period.
Keywords: 'Urban areas. 'Airports, 'General aviation
aircraft, 'Noise pollution. Forecasting, Noise reduc-
tion. Diurnal variations, Aircraft noise, Aircraft landing,
Takeoff,'Noise levels.
PB82-240086 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Impact of NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction
Processes on Flue Gas Cleaning Systems. Final
rept. Oct 80-Oct 811,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. D. Jones, R. L. Glover, G. P. Behrens, and T. E.
Shirley. Apr 82,103p* RAD-81-202-187-70-15, EPA-
600/7-82-025B
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a study of the impact of the
ammonia leaving a nitrogen oxide (NOx) selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) process on downstream flue
gas cleaning processes. (NOx emissions from electric
utility boilers may be reduced 80-90% by the applica-
tion of pollution control technology based on the SCR
of NOx with ammonia; however, some unreacted am-
monia may be emitted from the control system.) These
processes include electrostatic precipitators (ESPs),
baghouses, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sys-
tems. In normal operation, most ammonia leaving the
SCR system will be removed, either as paniculate salts
by the paniculate removal system or as free ammonia
by the FGD system. Very little ammonia should be
emitted at the stack. The operation of ESPs and FGD
systems will, in most cases, be improved by the pres-
ence of ammonia in the flue gas. The effects of ammo-
nia and ammonia salts on baghouse operation are not
known. At normally expected emission levels, no ad-
verse environmental impacts are projected; however,
at high ammonia emission levels, the potential exists
for problems with ammonia in the waste streams from
fly ash and SO2 collection devices. Potential adverse
environmental impacts exist in the ash and sludge
ponds where collected ammonia may be concentrated
and emitted as a gaseous pollutant
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Electrostatic precipitators, Flue gases, Ammonia, Ca-
talysis, Particles, Substitutes, Public health, Electric
power plants, 'Selective catalytic reduction process-
es, Flue gas desulfurization, Baghouses.
PB82-240094 PC E99
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep81,710p-in5v
Set includes PB82-240102, PB82-240110, PB82-
240128, PB82-240136, and PB82-240144.
No abstract available.
PB82-240102 PC A09/MF A01
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Volume I: Emission Inventory Fundamentals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 81,181p* EPA-450/4-81-026A
See also Volume 2, PB82-240110.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
240094.
Procedures are described for compiling the complete
comprehensive emission inventory of the criteria pol-
lutants and pollutant sources. These procedures de-
scribed are for use in the air quality management pro-
grams of state and local air pollution control agencies.
Basic emission inventory elements-planning, data col-
lection, emission estimates, inventory file formatting,
reporting and maintenance-are described. Prescribed
methods are presented; optional methods are provid-
ed. The procedures are presented in five (5) volumes:
Emission Inventory Fundamentals, Point Sources,
Area Sources, Mobile Sources, and Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Management planning,
Sources, State government, Inventories, Exhaust
emissions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
'Emission inventories, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air
quality, Point sources, Procedures.
PB82-240110 PC A07/MF A01
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Volume II: Point Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep81,138p* EPA-450/4-81-026B
See also Volume 1, PB82-240102, and Volume 3,
PB82-240128.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
240094.
Procedures are described for compiling the complete
comprehensive emission inventory of the criteria pol-
lutants and pollutant sources. These procedures de-
scribed are for use in the air quality management pro-
grams of state and local air pollution control agencies.
Basic emission inventory elements-planning, data col-
lection, emission estimates, inventory file formatting,
reporting and maintenance—are described. Prescribed
methods are presented; optional methods are provid-
ed. The procedures are presented in five (5) volumes:
Emission Inventory Fundamentals, Point Sources,
Area Sources, Mobile Sources, and Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Management planning,
Sources, State government, Inventories, Exhaust
emissions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
'Emission inventories, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air
quality, 'Point sources, Procedures.
PB82-240128 PC A06/MF A01
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Volume III: Area Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 81,108p* EPA-450/4-81-026C
See also Volume 2, PB82-240110, and Volume 4,
PB82-240136.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
240094.
Procedures are described for compiling the complete
comprehensive emission inventory of the criteria pol-
lutants and pollutant sources. These procedures de-
scribed are for use in the air quality management pro-
grams of state and local air pollution control agencies.
Basic emission inventory elements—planning, data col-
lection, emission estimates, inventory file formatting,
reporting and maintenance-are described. Prescribed
methods are presented; optional methods are provid-
ed. The procedures are presented in five (5) volumes:
Emission Inventory Fundamentals, Point Sources,
Area Sources, Mobile Sources, and Bibliography.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Management planning, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Incinerators, 'Dust, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Exhaust emissions, Combustion products,
Fires, State government, Sources, Particles, Roads,
'Emission inventories, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air
quality, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Unpaved roads, Procedures.
PB82-240136 PC A07/MF A01
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Volume IV: Mobile Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 81,136p* EPA-450/4-81-026D
See also Volume 3, PB82-240128, and Volume 5,
PB82-240144.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
240094.
Procedures are described for compiling the complete
comprehensive emission inventory of the criteria pol-
lutants and pollutant sources. These procedures de-
scribed are for use in the air quality management pro-
grams of state and local air pollution control agencies.
Basic emission inventory elements-planning, data col-
lection, emission estimates, inventory file formatting,
reporting and maintenance-are described. Prescribed
methods are presented; optional methods are provid-
ed. The procedures are presented in five (5) volumes:
Emission Inventory Fundamentals, Point Sources,
Area Sources, Mobile Sources, and Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Management planning, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Sources, State government, High-
ways, Aircraft, Railroads, Ships, Automobiles, Trucks,
Inventories, 'Emission inventories, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Air quality, Procedures.
PB82-240144 PC A07/MF A01
Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation.
Volume V: Bibliography.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 81,149p* EPA-450/4-81-026E
See also Volume 4, PB82-240136.
December 1983 1339
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB82-
240094.
Procedures are described for compiling the complete
comprehensive emission inventory of tie criteria pol-
lutants and pollutant sources. These procedures de-
scribed are for use in the air quality management pro-
grams of state and local air pollution control agencies.
Basic emission inventory elements-planning, data col-
lection, emission estimates, inventory file formatting,
reporting and maintenance-are described. Prescribed
methods are presented; optional methods are provid-
ed. The procedures are presented in five (5) volumes:
Emission Inventory Fundamentals, Point Sources,
Area Sources, Mobile Sources, and Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Management planning,
'Bibliographies, Sources, Inventories, State govern-
ment, 'Emission inventories, *Afr pollution abatement
* Air quality, Procedures.
PB82-240185 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technology Overview: Circulating FluMtaed-Bed
Combustion. Final rept,
OCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Douglas R. Roeck. Jun 82, 62p GCA-TR-81-91-G,
EPA-600/7-82-051
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report summarizes the current technical status of
circulating ftuidized-bed combustion (CFBC). Compa-
nies that are involved in investigating this technology
and/or developing commercial systems are discussed,
along with system descriptions and available cost in-
formation. CFBC is a second-generation FBC system
that is welt underway toward commercialization in the
U.S. The CFB operates at higher flukfeation velocity.
lower mean bed particle size, and higher rectrculation
rate than conventional FBC. Probable advantages of
CFBC over traditional FBC include: more flextoMty in
fuel selection, reduced number of fuel feed points,
higher combustion efficiency, better calcium utilization,
and lower NOx emissions. Potential process limita-
tions that must stilt be evaluated, however, include
equipment erosion due to the more severe operating
conditions, separation of bed material from effluent
gas, severity of cyclone se
and power requirements for process and auxiliary
yclone separation equipment design,
equipment operation. BatteNe Development, Lurgi, and
Pyropower are the major companies involved in dem-
onstrating the commercial viability of this process in
the U.S. Lurgi and Pyropower are basing their CFB sys-
tems on technology already commercially demonstrat-
ed in Europe; after pilot-proving its process, Battelle is
buUng the first commercial U.S. plant
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Air pollution
control. Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
'Circulating flukfeed bed combustion.
PB82-240193 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Dututti, MN.
Spring andSprlngbrook Fauna of the Piceance
Beeki, CokKsdo,
Colorado State Univ.. Fort Coffins.
Robert J. Martinson, Elizabeth A. Bergey, and James
V. Ward. Jun 82,44p EPA-600/3-82-071
Grant EPA-R-80-6051 -01
The aquatic macroinvertebrates of Willow Creek, Pi-
ceance Creek, Stewart Gulch, and spring sources sur-
rounding Tract Ob in the Piceance Basin were sam-
pled from July 1978 through August 1980 as part of a
baseline monitoring program prior to oil-shale develop-
ment Macroinvertebrate species fists are included in
this report The spring sources exhibited a somewhat
dfferent and more constant physical and chemical en-
vironment compared to the streams.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Oil shale. 'Piceance
Basin, 'Water pollution, 'Ecology, Density(Mass/
volume), Biomass, Mining, Environmental impacts.
Sites, Boundaries, Tabtes(Data), Colorado, Habitats.
PB82-240201 PC A02/MF A01
State-of-the-Art Combustion Modrflcatton NOx
Control for Stationary Combustion Equipment,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
Robert E. Hall, and Joshua S. Bowen, Jr. 1982,19p
IERL-RTP-P-519, EPA-600/D-82-326
The paper is a brief discussion and summary of state-
of-the-art combustion modification NOx control tech-
nology for boilers and industrial process combustion
equipment These combustion modification tech-
niques, when property applied, offer the potential for
cost-effective NOx control for the major fossil-fuel-
fired stationary combustion sources in the near term.
NOx, principally NO and NO2, are atmospheric pollut-
ants with potential for adverse effects on human
health and welfare. Fuel combustion contributes about
99% of technology-related NOx emissions. Because
of human activities in urban areas, NOx concentrations
are frequently 10 to 100 times higher there than in non-
urban areas. NOx enters into complex atmospheric
photochemical reactions in the presence of hydrocar-
bons and results in the formation of undesirable sec-
ondary species. Also, recent studies indicate that NOx
contributes to the formation of acid precipitation. The
effects of NO2 were among the factors leading to the
passage in the U.S. of the 1970 Clean Air Act and suc-
ceeding amendments which require the control of pol-
lutant emissions to protect human hearth and welfare.
The U.S. EPA has established regulatory standards for
NOx, as well as for other pollutants, from a range of
sources. These regulations have prompted efforts to
identify and evaluate the performance of effective con-
trols for NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides. Revisions, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Technology, Performance evaluation, State of
the art
PB82-240219 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace end Minor Element Reactions In Fhikttzed-
Bed Combustion Processes. Final rept Aug 79-Aug
81,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
M. A. AMn. Jun 82,448p EPA-600/7-82-050
Contract EPA-68-02-3110
The report gives results of tnenrxxtynamic equilibrium
calculations for anticipated operating ranges for vari-
ous fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) designs used to
predict the potential volatility and interaction of 31
trace and minor elements contained in coal and sor-
bent feedstocks. The quantitative distribution of com-
bustion products for trace and minor elements was
predicted on the basts of assumptions concerning the
multi-chemical reactions and interactions occurring
throughout the FBC system. Predicted equilibrium con-
centrations for stack gas emissions and bottom ash
material were correlated with in-field data for elemen-
tal partitioning. Potential pollutants of concern were
identified based on discharge multimedia environmen-
tal goals (DMEGs). For the gaseous emissions stream,
13 elements were projected to exceed the DMEGs.
For the solid waste stream, 15 elements were project-
ed to exceed the (and DMEGs. These predictions
should be useful in identifying elements for sampling
and analysis during future field testing of FBC emis-
sions and solid waste. Further thermodynamic model
refinements are recommended.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Air pollution.
Trace elements. Chemical equilibrium, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Chemical reactions, Reaction kinet-
ics, Ctoocentration(Cornposition), 'Solid wastes.
PB82-240276 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Development of Computerized Emission Projec-
tion end ABocatJon System. Phase II: Comparison
of Existing Systems. Final rept.
Argome National Lab., IL
Richard R.Cirillo, and George A. ConcaUdi.Sep 77,
195p EPA-450/3-77-028
See also PB-266 947.
This report documents the second phase of a feasibili-
ty study to determine the need for a computerized
emission projection and allocation (CEPA) system to
assist State and local air pollution control agencies in
conducting air quality analysis. This phase entailed the
review and evaluation of four existing emission analy-
sis systems: the Air Quality for Urban and Industrial
Planning (AQUIP) system, the Computer-Assisted
Area Source Emission (CAASE) gridding procedure,
the Engineering-Science Air Quality (ESAQ) system,
and the Metropolitan Washington Council of Govern-
ments (MWCOG) model. The evaluation consisted of a
description of the CEPA requirements without refer-
ence to any existing systems, a comparison of the ex-
isting packages to those requirements, an identifica-
tion of deficiencies, an estimate of effort required to
remove those deficiencies, an evaluation of the effort
needed to develop an entirely new system, and an as-
sessment of the potential savings to be realized by
employing a CEPA system in place of manual proce-
dures. The report recommends that EPA proceed with
stepwise modification of the Engineering. Science
model by first documenting the model and making it
available. After that, EPA could then begin to modify
the model to correct'deficiencies uncovered by the
contractor. The contractor estimates that the cost of
modifying the Engineering-Science model ranges from
$235,000 to $355,000. This was the lowest cost of all
the options considered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Regional plan-
ning, Feasibility, Mathematical models, Comparison,
'Air quality, Air quality for Urban and Industrial plan-
ning system, Computer assisted area source emission
gridding procedure, Engineering science air quality
system, Metropolitan Washington council of govern-
ments models.
PB82-240284 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Impact of a Once through Cooling System on the
Yellow Perch Stock In the Western Basin of Lake
Erie,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural Re-
sources.
A. L Jensen, and T. A. Hamilton. Jul 82,78p EPA-600/
3-82-072
Conventional stock assessment models have been
applied to determine the impact of entrainment and im-
pingement at the Monroe Power Plant on the yellow
perch stock of the western basin of Lake Erie. First the
surplus production model was applied. Biological pa-
rameters of the model were estimated from commer-
cial catch and effort data, and entrainment and im-
pingement coefficients were estimated from power
plant data. The model was used to estimate stock bio-
mass, egg production, and larvae production; the pro-
portions entrained and impinged were then estimated.
The impact of water withdrawal on the equilibrium
standing stock and maximum sustainable yield from
the fishery were estimated and the impacts of in-
creased water withdrawal were simulated. An analyti-
cal model was also applied. Parameters of the analyti-
cal model were estimated using power plant data, bio-
logical data available in the literature, and commercial
catch data. The model was used to estimate the age
structure and biomass of the perch stock and to esti-
mate the impact of the power plant on abundance of
the impingeable stock and biomass of the exploited
stock.
Keywords: * Entrainment 'Perch, 'Cooling systems,
•Impingement 'Lake Erie, Mathematical models, En-
vironmental impacts, Biomass, Electric power plants,
Abundance, Mortality, Eggs, Larvae, Assessments,
Yield.
PB82-240292 PC A03/MF A01
Meteorological Potential for Urban Air Pollution in
the Contiguous United States,
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
George C. Holzworth. Dec 70,26p
This study delineates some general but important fea-
tures of the meteorological potential for air pollution in
small and large cities throughout the contiguous
United States. The potential is evaluated by means of
a simple model of dispersion over urban areas in which
theoretical concentrations are a function of mixing
height wind speed, and city size (along-wind distance
across city). Mixing height and wind speed data are de-
rived for mornings and afternoons from five years of
surface and upper air measurements at 62 National
Weather Service stations. Mean annual values of
mixing height and wind speed as well as median
annual and upper decile annual values of X/Q for 10-
and 100-km cities are presented in the form of iso-
plethed maps. The X/Q maps show how theoretical
concentrations vary between morning and afternoon,
1340 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with city size, with frequency of occurrence, and from
place to place. In addition, the potential for episodes
with limited dispersion conditions lasting at least two
days is evaluated objectively and depicted on a map by
the total number of episode-days in five years.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Urban areas, 'Mathematical
models, Meteorology, United States,
Concentrations(Composition), Boundary layers.
PB82-240300 PC A03/MF A01
Rebuttable Presumption against Registration: De-
cision Document on Malelc Hydrazlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 82,40p EPA-540/9-82-010
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) of products containing the above chemical.
The responses by EPA to comments on the prelimi-
nary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel
and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are contained
in this document. A bibliography of citations used in
this final determination is also provided.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys, Reg-
ulations, Toxicity, Mutagens, 'Rebuttable presumption
against registration, 'Maleic hydrazide, Pyridazine
drones.
PB82-240318 PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Assessment of Adverse Health Ef-
fects from Carbon Monozlde and Implications for
Possible Modifications of the Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
1 Jun79,37p
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate trie key stud-
ies in the EPA document, Air Quality Criteria for
Carbon Monoxide, and identify the critical elements to
be considered in the possible revision of the primary
carbon monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAQS). The paper also identifies critical
factors that must be considered in selecting an ade-
quate margin of safety for the CO air quality standard.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, Stand-
ards, Revisions, Assessments, Public health, 'Nation-
al Air Quality Standard, *Air quality, Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1977.
PB82-240326 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Impact Assessment of Control
Measures Required for Attanment of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun78,19p
See also PB80-124753.
The purpose of this assessment is to review the infor-
mation presented in Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and
other Photochemicals Oxidants and Control Tech-
niques for Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Com-
pounds and to present an analysis of the environmen-
tal impact of control measures required for attainment
of the air quality standard for ozone.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, Organic com-
pounds, Standards, Assessments, Motor vehicles,
'Photochemical oxidants, 'Air quality, Volatile organic
compounds, National Ambient Air Quality Standard,
Stationary sources.
PB82-240334 PC A99/MF A01
Proceedings of the International Technical Meet-
Ing on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application
(10th), Held October 22-26,1979 in Rome, Italy.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
1979,760pNATO-108
On October 22-26,1979, the 10th International Tech-
nical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Appli-
cation was held in Rome, Italy. The technical report of
that meeting, under the auspices of NATO's Commit-
tee on the Challenges to Modem Society, provides a
forum for the discussion of recent findings and devel-
opments in air pollution control and air quality model-
ing. The topics for discussion are divided into six broad
categories with numerous articles on various aspects
in each categories. The categories include Tall Stacks,
Complex Terrain and Weak wind Conditions, Multiple
Sources, Mesoscale Diffusion, Regulatory Applica-
tions, and Heavy Gases. An agenda and list of partici-
pants is included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Meetings, Chimneys, Terrain,
Wind(Meteorology), Sources, Diffusion, Regulations,
Field tests.
PB82-240342 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
User's Manual for Automated Calculation of Fleet
Noise Level and Airport Noise Index. Final rept.,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
William Benson. Apr 81,40p EPA-550/9-82-342
Contract EPA-68-01 -6257
This manual provides instructions to the users of a
series of programs that calculate fleet noise level
(FNL) and airport noise index (ANI). The concept of
FNL provides a method for evaluating the noise status
of fleets of aircraft. Using FNL, comparisons can be
developed between fleets for all airports or subsets of
airports. It is an average of acoustical energies. The
ANI is a measure that is sensitive to total acoustical
energy.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Aircraft noise, Noise pollution,
User needs, Statistical data, 'Noise levels, FNL com-
puter program.
PB82-240359 PC A06/MF A01
State and Local Noise Enforcement Legal Memo-
randa.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Apr 80,125p* EPA-550/9-80-427
The legal memoranda included in this document ad-
dress some of the more prevalent enforcement issues
which have arisen in connection with State and local
noise control activities. This collection of legal memo-
randa is organized according to the following two dis-
tinct phases of noise control activities: (1) ordinance
drafting; (2) prosecution.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Law(Jurisprudence),
'Law enforcement, Legislation, Local government,
State government, Noise reduction.
PB62-240367 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Users Manual for the ALAMO Demographic
Report Generator Program (DEMCOM). Final rept.,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Larry A. Ronk, and Richard I. Chais. Sep 81,22p EPA-
550/9-82-341
Contract EPA-68-01-6267
This report presents a discussion of the user require-
ments and procedures for executing the Demographic
Report Generator Program. DEMCOM, a computer
program written in FORTRAN IV programming lan-
guage, uses as input the Aircraft Noise Levels and An-
noyance Model (ALAMO) demographic profile reports
which are generated for each octant of specified day-
night sound level (Ldn) contour band and computes
the same variables for the all-octant case. The pro-
gram also projects selected demographic variables to
future years based on historical growth rates for popu-
lation, households, and per capita income.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Aircraft noise, Demographic sur-
veys, Computer programming, User needs, Algo-
rithms, Fortran, Noise pollution, 'Noise levels,
DEMCOM computer program, ALAMO computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB82-24037S PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Actions Affecting Land-Use Compatibility at U.S.
Airports. Letter rept. (Final),
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
T. Barano, and J. Schettino. Mar 82,21 p* EPA-550/9-
82-340
This report documents the actions taken by airports as
a result of recommendations made by Airport Noise
Control and Land Use Compatibility (ANCLUC) studies
funded by the Airport and Airways Development Act of
1970 (ADAP) and as a result of FY 1980 Federal
grants authorized by the Aviation Safety and Noise
Abatement Act of 1980.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Land use, 'Aircraft noise, Land
use zoning, Regional planning, Noise pollution, Noise
reduction.
PB82-240391 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Fate and Biological Effects of Oil Well Drilling
Fluids in the Marine Environment: A Literature
Review.
Battelle New England Marine Research Lab., Duxbury,
Jerry M. Neff. Jun 82,181p EPA-600/3-82-064
The potential impact of drilling fluids on the marine en-
vironment is discussed. Prediction of impacts are diffi-
cult because no two drilling fluids are identical. They
are custom-formulated to perform a variety of func-
tions integral to each drilling operation. Further, drilling
fluids are released in a variety of marine systems from
arctic to temperate seas. Descriptions of the physical
and chemical aspects of the plume that results from
the release of drilling fluids, as well as a review and
discussion of laboratory- and field-derived data on the
effects of these fluids on marine organisms, are pre-
sented. Laboratory acute toxicity data indicate that
lethal and sublethal concentrations of drilling fluids on
various marine organisms vary from about 100 parts
per million (ppm) in coral to more than 1000 ppm in
other less sensitive organisms. Bioaccumulation of
heavy metals associatedwith drilling fluid is discussed.
Recommendations are given for preventing or amelio-
rating drilling-fluid damage to the marine environment
Additional research is proposed to close important
gaps in current knowledge about behavior of drilling
fluids in aquatic ecosystems.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Oil wells, 'Marine biology,
'Toxicology, Reviews, Prediction,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Oceans,
Biological effects, Literature surveys, Bioaccumula-
tion, Heavy metals, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Path of pollutants.
PB82-240417 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
May82,2958p-in6v
Set includes PB82-240425 through PB82-240474.
No abstract available.
PB82-24042S PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category. Volume I.
General. Final rept.,
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L. Dulaney, Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82,591 p EPA/440/1-82/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 2, PB82-240433.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume I of six volume set which presents data ration-
ale and technical aspects of the final effluent limita-
tions and standards for the iron and steel industry pub-
lished in the Federal Register on May 27,1982 (47 FR
23258-317). Volume I describes the general methodol-
ogy and issues whereas the remaining volumes con-
tain specific subcategory reports.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, Manufacturing, Standards, Regulations, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Technology, Cost analysis,
December 1983 1341
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Methodology, *New source performance standards.
Best technology, Point sources.
PB82-240433 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standard*
and Pretreabnent Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category. Volume II.
Coke Making Subcategory Sintering Subcategory
Iron Making Subcategory. Final rept,
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L Dulaney, Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82,434p EPA/440/1-62/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 1, PB82-240425 and Volume 3,
PB82-240441.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume II of six volume set which presents data ration-
ale and technical aspects of the final effluent limita-
tions and standards for the iron and steel industry pub-
lished in the Federal Register on May 27,1982 (47 FR
23258-317). Volume II describes the general method-
ology and issues whereas the remaining volumes con-
tain specific subcategory reports. Volume II pertains to
the Coke Making. Sintering and Iron Making subcate-
gories.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Coking, 'Sintering. Manufacturing. Stand-
ards, Regulations. Industrial waste treatment, Tech-
nology, Cost analysis, 'New source performance
standards, 'Iron making, Best technology. Point
sources.
PB82-240441 PC A20/MF Ml
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category. Volume ML
Steel Making Subcategory Vacuum Degassing
Subcategory Continuous Casting Subcategory.
Final rapt.
NUS Corp.. Pittsburgh. PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L Dulaney. Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82,471p EPA/440/1-82/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 2, PB82-240433 and Volume 4,
PB82-240458.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume III of six volume set which presents data ra-
tjonate and technical aspects of the final effluent limi-
tations and standards for the iron and steel industry
published in the Federal Register on May 27,1982(47
FR 23258-317). Volume I descrfces the general meth-
odology and issues whereas the remaining volumes
contain specific subcategory reports. Volume III per-
tains to the Steel Making, Vacuum Degassing and
Continuous Casting subcategories.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry. 'Water pollution
control, 'Vacuum degassing, 'Continuous casting,
•Steel making. Standards. Manufacturing. Regula-
tions, Industrial waste lieauiiurit Cost analysis. Tech-
nology, 'New source performance standards, Point
sources. Best technology.
PB82-240458 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
EffluentGuhtelines Djy. _ _______
Dsvstopmsfrt DocufiMwt for Effluent Limitations
_J_ _
and PnrtrMtniaiU Standard* and Pratreatmsnt
Standards for the Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Point Source Category. Volume IV. Hot Forming
Subcategory. Final rept,
NUS Corp.. Pittsburgh. PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L Dulaney, Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82. 367p EPA/440/1-82/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 3, PB82-240441 and Volume 5.
PBB2-240466.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume IV of six volume set which presents data ra-
tionale and technical aspects of the final effluent imi-
tations and standards for the iron and steel industry
published in the Federal Register on May 27,1982 (47
FR 23258-317). Volume IV describes the general
methodology and issues whereas the remaining vol-
umes contain specific subcategory reports. Volume IV
pertains to the Hot Forming subcategories.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control. 'Hot working, Manufacturing, Standards, Reg-
ulations, Industrial waste treatment Technology, Cost
analysis, 'New source performance standards, Best
technology. Point sources.
PB82-240466 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guktejines Div.
DwwopfiMnt Document for EfRuant Lbnitatlone
GwdaRnsa, Now Source P6i foi inancs Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category. Volume V.
Salt Bath Descaling Subcategory Add Pickling
Subcategory. Final rept,
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L Dulaney, Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82.509p EPA/440/1-62/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 4, PB82-240458 and Volume 6,
PB82-240474.
Also available In set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume V of six volume set which presents data ration-
ale and technical aspects of the final effluent limita-
tions and standards for the iron and steel industry pub-
lished in the Federal Register on May 27,1982 (47 FR
23258-317). Volume V describes the general method-
ology and issues whereas the remaining volumes con-
tain specific subcategory reports. Volume V pertains to
the Salt Bath Deseafing and Acid Pickling subcategor-
ies.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Descaling, 'Chemical cleaning, Manufactur-
ing, Standards, Regulations, Industrial waste treat-
ment. Technology, Cost analysis, Acid treatment Salt
baths, 'New source performance standards, Best
technology, Point sources.
PB82-240474 PC A2S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent GutdeBnes Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
GuJdeMnes , New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Point Source Category. Volume VI.
Cold Forming Subcategory Akaine Cleaning Sub-
category Hot Coating Subcategory. Final rept,
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA. Cyrus Wm. Rice Div.
Edward L Dulaney, Gary A. Amendola, and Terry N.
Oda. May 82,586p EPA/440/1 -82/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -6488
See also Volume 5, PB82-240466.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB82-
240417.
Volume VI of six volume set which presents data ra-
tjonate and technical aspects of the final effluent limi-
tations and standards for the iron and steel industry
published in the Federal Register on May 27,1982 (47
FR 23258-317). Volume VI describes the general
methodology and issues whereas the remaining vol-
umes contaw specific subcategory reports. Volume VI
pertains to the Cold Forming, Alkaline Cleaning and
Hot Coaling subcategories.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Water pollution
control, 'Cold working. Manufacturing, Standards,
Regulations, Industrial waste treatment Technology,
Cost analysis, 'New source performance standards,
•Alkaline cleaning. 'Hot coating, Best technology,
Point sources.
PB82-240615 PC A03/MFA01
Exanipls Scops of Wortc for Contracts to Prspars
Sip Revisions to Attain and Maintain NAAQS.
Guideline series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Darryt D. Tyler. 5 Nov 76,46p OAQPS-1.2-068
This example Scope of Work is intended to show what
taste should be considered in preparing contracts to
develop SIP revisions for attainment and/or mainte-
nance of the NAAQS where the provisions of 40 CFR
51 Subpart D apply. The tasks send procedures de-
scribed in this example are based on 40 CFR Part 51
regulations, with emphasis on the provisions of Sub-
part D published May 3, 1976 (40FR 18382). Some of
the individual tasks and procedures are not specifically
required by the regulations, but are based on recom-
mendations contained in the Air Quality Maintenance
Guidelines or related guidelines.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, Revisions, State
government, 'State Implementation Plans, 'Air quality.
PB82-240672 PC A08/MF A01
Pollution Atmospherlque: Techniques de Controte
des Emissions d'Oxyde d'Azote en Sources Fixes
(Air Pollution: Control Techniques for Nitrogen
Oxide Emissions from Stationary Sources).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct73,163pCCMS-20
Text in French.
This document has been prepared to summarize the
latest information on nitrogen oxide pollutants-their
sources and methods of control. The term nitrogen
oxide (NOx) refers to two gaseous nitrogen oxides,
nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen peroxide (NO2). These
pollutants are created by the combustion of fossil com-
bustibles or the fabrication and utilization of nitric acid.
Mobile sources contribute more than 40% of all nitro-
gen oxide emissions produced by man in the United
States. Approximately 40% of nitrogen oxide emitted
by stationary installations is attributed to the produc-
tion of electric energy. Other agricultural, commercial,
household, industrial, and municipal sources are stud-
ied individually in this document. Methods of control
against nitrogen oxide emissions can be classed in two
broad categories: those reducing or preventing the for-
matJon of NOx and those which extract NOx from emit-
ted gases. The former category applies particularly to
the combustion of fossil combustibles, and implies a
modification of the combustion process. The methods
of the second category are applicable for both the
combustion process and chemical treatments, but the
best results have been obtained for exhaust gas by
chemical treatments. The nature and the quantities of
emissions produced by different types of treatments
are discussed, and the methods of control of these
emissions which have given satisfactory results are
enumerated. Emission factors can be used to estimate
the emissions for sources for which exact experiments
are not possible. Emission factors for treatments of
certain source-types are presented in Chapter 5.
Tables, graphs, diagrams, extensive references.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides.
Sources, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen dioxide, Indus-
trial wastes. Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Residual buildings, 'Foreign technology, 'Sta-
tionary sources, Chemical treatment Emission factors.
PB82-2406SO PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the Conference: Air Quality
Impact for Application in Land Use and Transpor-
tation Planning, June 24-26, 1974 Berkeley, Catt-
fomte,
California Univ., Berkeley.
Richard H. Thuillier, George Hagevik, and Elaine T.
Hussey.Sep75.301p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The purpose of these proceedings is to bring a work-
able air quality analysts approach to the attention of an
extended segment of the user community. It examines
the setting in which the air quality analysis require-
ments exists, the nature of the pollutants, the proce-
dures for assessing the impact of land use and trans-
portation projects on air quality, the state of the art in
air quality analysis, and appropriate procedures for
written presentation of analysis results. Tables and ref-
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Meetings, Land use, As-
sessments, Transportation, Management planning,
Regulations, Mathematical models, 'Air quality, State
of the art, Emission factors.
1342 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-240789 PC A02/MF A01
AEROS Manual Series Volume I: AEROS Over-
view. Update Number 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
NOV80, 9p EPA-450/2-76-001-2, OAQPS-1.2-038-2
See also Volume 3, PB-260 995.
This report is designed to update the AEROS Manual
Series Volume I by the replacement of certain pages
with those contained within the report.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Information retrieval, 'Man-
agement information systems, 'Manuals, Revision,
•Aerornetric and emissions reporting system, National
emissions data system.
tions and dilue gas chromatographic working stand-
ards representing 4 presticide classes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical stabilization, 'Stor-
age, Chemical analysis. Assessments, Solutions,
Standards, Laboratory equipment, Reprints, 'Standard
reference materials.
PB82-240797 PC A02/MF A01
AEROS (Aerornetric and Emissions Reporting
System) Information.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
1974,20p
The Aerornetric and Emissions Reporting System
(AEROS) is a comprehensive computer-based system
established by the National Air Data Branch to collect,
store and analyze air pollution data. The data are col-
lected by the various state and local agencies and re-
ported to EPA. These data are then stored and ana-
lyzed in AEROS. The most noteable feature of AEROS
is that it is a reporting system. The primary function of
AEROS is to provide concise and standardized reports
on various aspects of air pollution. AEROS is com-
posed of several subsystems, some of which are capa-
ble of functioning as independent data systems. The
intent of this pamphlet is to show the relationships be-
tween the various AEROS subsystems and the infor-
mation available from each.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Information systems, 'Aero-
metric and emissions reporting system, National emis-
sions data system, Storage and retrieval of aerometric
data.
PB82-241159 PC A99/MF A01
Ah- Pollution: Proceedings of the International
Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
Its Application (7ft), 7-10 September 1976.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
1976,1109p NATO/CCMS-51
Focus is on seven areas: Model validation and applica-
tion, interregional & regional models, sensitivity analy-
sis and dispersion under low wind speeds, numerical
grids and physical modeling, tall stack plume, diffusion
parameters and stability categories and innovative
modeling techniques.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
•Meetings, Air quality.
PB82-241167 PC A02/MF A01
Accuracy of Pesticide Reference Standard Solu-
tions. Part II. Chemical Stability Under Four Stor-
age Conditions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
David W. Hodgson, John F. Thompson, and Randall R.
Watts. 4 Aug 81,11p EPA-600/J-81 -091
Pub. in Jnl. of the Official Analytical Chemists, v65 nl
094-1021982.
A study was undertaken to assess the long-term
chemical stability of dilute standard pesticide solutions
of 4 compound classes. The solutions were studied
under 4 storage conditions: freezer at -15C; refrigera-
tor at 3C; ambient temperature in the dark; and ambi-
ent temperature on the bench top exposed to fluores-
cent and natural light Pesticide compounds including
27 organochlorines, 20 organophosphates, 10 tria-
zines, and 13 carbamates were monitored for periods
of 6 months to 2 years. Most of the compounds were
stable under all conditions for the full length of the
study. Solutions of CDEC, butylate, and disulfoton,
however, decomposed when stored under all storage
condffions. Solutions of carbaryl, methfocarb, and car-
bofuran decomposed when stored at ambient labora-
tory temperature with exposure to light Recommenda-
tions are made for formulating solvents, storage, and
practical shelf life of high concentration storage, and
practical shelf life of high concentration stock solu-
PB82-241605 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Microprocessor-Controlled Ion Selective Elec-
trode Determination of Total Chlorine. Final rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
Lyman H. Howe, Reginald E. Hadley, and Gary A.
Fischer. Mar 82,200p TVA/ONR/NRO-82/4, EPA-
600/7-82-005
A microprocessor-controlled ton selective electrode
(MC) method was evaluated and compared to the for-
ward amperometric titration (AT) method for determin-
ing total chlorine in condenser cooling river water from
coal-burning electric plants. The effective range for
quantification by the MC method is from the minimum
detection limit of 6.5 micrograms/l chlorine for un-
spiked condenser water and 13.3 micrograms/l chlo-
rine for spiked condenser water to 100 micrograms/l
chlorine. Interferences by zinc(ll), copper(ll), iron(lll),
arsenic(lll), and manganese(VII) are discussed. The
pH, chromium(VI), mercury(ll), bromide, and arsenic(V)
do not interfere with measurement of total chlorine.
For both unspiked and spiked condenser water, the
overall pooled standard deviation and overall mean
percentage relative standard deviation over concen-
trations of 20-200 micrograms/l chlorine are lower for
the MC method than for the AT method. Standard de-
viations are discussed for the MC method over con-
centrations of 2-20 micrograms/l chlorine.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Water pollution, 'Water analy-
sis, Volumetric analysis, Electric power plants, Chemi-
cal analysis, Industrial wastes, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Cooling water, 'Ion se-
lective electrodes, *Coal fired power plants, 'Water
pollution detection, Microprocessors.
PB82-241613 PC A08/MF A01
Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning
and Analysis. Volume 5: Case Studies in Plan De-
velopment
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 74,155p EPA-450/4-74-006, OAQPS-1.2-024
See also PB-288 206.
This document presents the digests of four full text trial
Air Quality Maintenance Plans from San CNego, St
Louis, Baltimore, and Denver. The subjects covered in
each trial are: characteristics of the study areas, inter-
governmental cooperation, baseline emissions inven-
tory, emissions projections, baseline air quality, air
quality projections, selection of maintenance strate-
gies, and legal authority. The trial AQMPs prepared
during this study represent exercises to demonstrate
administrative and technical procedures available and
do not necessarily constitute final, acceptable plans.
Many tables.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Guidelines, State govern-
ment Maintenance, Law enforcement Exhaust emis-
sions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Air
quality maintenance, Baseline measurements, San
Diego(Califomia), Saint Louis(Missouri),
Baltimore(Maryland), Denver(Colorado).
PB82-241647 PC A02/MF A01
Revisions to Methods 101, 101A, and 102 for De-
termination of Mercury Emissions: Summary of
Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Feb 82,22p EPA-450/3-82-008
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of the mercury methods in the
Federal Register. Changes made to the methods as a
result of these comments are included. This document
serves as the basis for the revisions which have been
made to the test methods between proposal and pro-
mulgation.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Chemical analysis, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Revisions.
PB82-241688 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Evaluation of System Variables in Stage II Refuel-
ing Operations. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. V. Piserchia. 3 Jul 75,40p RTI-41U-762-14, EMB-
75GAS3
Contract EPA-68-02-0607
This report covers the statistical analysis of the varia-
bles affecting hydrocarbon emissions during Stage II
refueling operations for vapor balance recovery sys-
tems done by the staff of Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, NC. The purpose of the analy-
sis was to assist the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) in developing compliance test procedures for
vapor balance recovery systems at service stations. In
particular, the analysis was performed in order to de-
termine the number of vehicles needed to establish a
baseline curve for the system and to estimate and test,
statistically, the significance of the estimated vapor
emission rate.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Statistical
analysis, 'Refueling, Sampling, Numerical solution.
PB82-241738 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Quality Modeling: What It Is and How It Is
Used.
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Sep 80, 29p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of this brochure is to acquaint the reader
with the basic concepts of air quality modeling and its
application in air quality management. It is directed to
non-technical audiences to explain what models are,
how they are used, and what their limitations are as a
tool in the air pollution control process. Several publi-
cations are listed for those who desire further informa-
tion. It should be understood that models are mathe-
matically derived tools. The reliability of predicted air
quality estimates is directly dependent upon the detail
and quality of the information used in applying the
models. Their primary purpose is to serve as an aid in
arriving at sound regulatory decisions.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
'Management planning. Regulations, Standards, 'Air
quality.
PB82-241746 PC A06/MF A01
Pollution Atmospherique: Techniques de Controle
des Emissions d'Oxyde de Carbone en Sources
Fixes (Air Pollution: Control Techniques for
Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct73,123pCCMS-18
Text in French.
Summarized in this report are the methods of control-
ling the emissions of carbon monoxide from stationary
sources. They were gathered by the Commission of Air
Experts, the Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society and OTAN, for dissemination to member coun-
tries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Carbon monoxide,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Stationary
sources.
PB82-241753 PC A05/MF A01
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (U.S.
Senate).
Sulfur Oxides Control Technology in Japan,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
M. A. Maxwell, H. W. Elder, and T. M. Morasky. 30 Jun
78, 79p
December 1983 1343
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored in part by Committee on Energy and Natu-
ral Resources (U.S. Senate). Prepared in cooperation
with Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL.
Div. of Chemical Development, and Electric Power Re-
search Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
This document summarizes the findings of a task force
assigned to evaluate the current status of technologies
for control of sulfur oxides in Japan, particularly the ap-
plication of FGD or 'scrubber1 technology to coal and
oil-fired utility and industrial power generating facilities
in Japan. The application of FGD systems to coal-fired
boilers is the focus of this report Many tables and
charts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur oxides, Tech-
nology, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Elec-
tric power plants, Scrubbers, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Foreign technology, Oil fired power
plants, Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB82-241795 PC A03/MF A01
SwMttMty Analysis on Cobum Model Predictions
of COHB Levels Associated with Alternative CO
Standards (EPA Staff Paper).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul80,32p
In the June 1,1979 draft staff paper presented to the
dean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, EPA included
a table depteiting carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) re-
sponses to CO exposures as predicted by the Cobum
Model. This table presents baseline or nominal esti-
mates of the COHb levels expected to be achieved by
non-smokers to constant CO concentrations for 1 to 8
hours. Uncertainties exist, however, In using these es-
timates to decide which standards provide an ade-
quate margin of safety. First, even among normal
person variations exist in thephystotogical parameters
used in the Cobum model. These variations are suffi-
cient to provide noticalbe deviations from the COHb
levels that were predicted using normal parameters.
Even more substantial variations in these parameters
are observed in population groups such as enemies
that may be more sensitive to CO exposure. Second,
predictions based on exposure to constant CO con-
centrations inadequately represent the response of in-
dividual exposed to widely fluctuating concentrations
that typically occur in ambient exposure situations. An
attempt was made to represent these uncertainties by
performing a sensitivity analysis unsing the Cobum
model in a dynamic mode to predict the COHb re-
sponses to specific patterns of fluctuating ambient
concentrations of CO for individuals with physiological
parameters different from the baseline values. The re-
sults of this analysis are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide,
Concentration(CompositJon), Standards, Exposure,
Smoking, 'Cobum model. 'Hemoglobin/carboxy,
Baseline measurements.
PB82-241803 PC A06/MF A01
Air Program Strategy for Attainment and Mam-
tence of Ambient Afr Quality Standards and Con-
trol of Otnor Poflut&uite,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1977,125p
This Air Program Strategy for Attainment and Mainte-
nance of Ambient Air Quality Standards states EPA's
strategy for implementation of the dean Air Act's re-
quirements for compliance with ambient air quality
standards, to be achieved principally through adher-
ence to air quality-based emission limitations. This
strategy also applies to the control of pollutants less
pervasive than those covered by air quality standards.
These less pervasive pollutants are generally subject
to direct emission-oriented controls. This document
contains a statement of the Agency's objectives and
plans for future air pollution control efforts, based on
the requirements and pNtosophy of the Clean Air Act
and on the national status of air pollution control. This
document should be considered both as a status
report and as an outline of directions for the future.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Standards, Forecasting,
Regulations, Sources, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Maintenance, 'Air quality,
* Air pollution abatement, Clean Air Act, National Ambi-
ent Ar Quality Standards, State Implemerrtation Plans,
Stationary sources, Best technology.
PB82-241852 PC A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
An Evaluation of Strategies to Control Noise from
Grain Dryers,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
George L Durden, John O. Myers, Thomas A. Towers,
and Donna McCord Dickman. 31 Dec 81,42p EPA/
550/9-81-403
Contract EPA-68-01-3952
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report deals with the investigation of each of the
noise control alternatives for grain dryers in the State
of Maryland. The elements of the grain dryer report in-
cluded: (1) sample identification through survey of
grain dryer locations, zoning and noise levels; (2) anal-
ysis of background and operational noise levels for the
sample selected for study; (3) use of aggressive abate-
ment procedures: citing of violators, modification of ex-
isting equipment property acquisition and mechanical
permits; (4) exploration of the impact of operational
curfews, and (5) development of an incentive and in-
formation program. The primary objective of this study
was to furnish and verify information with recommen-
dations for future approaches to grain dryers noise
control which would be of assistance to other jurisdic-
tions, faced with grain dryers noise problems, as well
as, references to other studies which may be helpful.
Keywords: 'Grain crops, 'Drying apparatus, 'Noise
pollution, Noise reduction, Land use zoning, Maryland,
Substitutes, 'Noise levels.
PB82-241MO PC A99/MF A01
PCB Disposal by Thermal Destruction. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Jun 81,61 Op EPA-906/9-82-003
A report on the sampling, analysis, and consideration
of risks and benefits associated with the incineration of
polychlorinated biphenyts (PCBs) at two commercial
facilities in Deer Park, Texas and El Dorado, Arkansas.
Included are a summary, PCB incineration test reports,
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and poly-
chlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) emission sampling
reports, a PCDD and PCDF analytical chemistry report,
air dispersion modeling results, an analysis of nsks and
benefits, and letters and conditions of approval.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Solid waste disposal, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Sampling, Risk, Air pollution,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Toxic substances, Poly-
chlorinated dibenzodioxin, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
furan, EPA region 6.
PB82-241694 PC A03/MF A01
Interrelationships between Energy Metabolism,
Growth Dynamic*, and Reproduction during the
Ufa Cyda of 'Mysldop*!a bahla' a* Influenced by
Subtethal Endrln Exposure,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Charles L McKenney. 1981,46p EPA-600/D-82-080,
ERLGB-0193
The estuarine myside, Mysidopsis bahia, was reared
through an entire life-cycle in a range of endrin con-
centrations. Physiological rates of ammonia excretion
and oxygen consumption were measured for various
life stages. These individual functions and those of
growth and reproduction were combined into bioener-
getic and physiological indices to help describe the
chronic effects of endrin on mysids. Concentrations of
endrin that were chronically lethal stimulated the respi-
ration rates of newly released juveniles after only one
day exposure. Subtethal exposure to endrin reduced
growth rates of rapidly growing juveniles.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Endrin, Metabo-
lism, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Chlorine organic
compounds, Life cycles, Physiological effects,
Concentration(Composition), Mysidopsis bahia, *Di-
methanonaphthalenes, Toxic substances.
PB82-241902 PC A02/MF A01
Rotating Biological Contactors • Second Order Ki-
netics. Interim rept Aug 80-Apr 82,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Edward J. Opatken. Apr 82,25p EPA-600/D-a2-319
Rotating biological contactors (RBC) have been em-
ployed for treating municipal wastewaters within the
United States since 1970. The RBC process lends
itself to kinetic interpretation because of the sequential
stages employed in the operation. This mode of oper-
ation enables the substrate concentration to be deter-
mined after various time intervals to obtain kinetic data
for interpretation. An analysis was conducted on previ-
ously published data, which contained the concentra-
tion of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) at vari-
ous stages in the treatment train. The time intervals
were calculated based on the hydraulic loading rate
and the liquid volume in each stage. The data was in-
corporated into a number of rate equations and a
second order reaction rate equation gave a good cor-
relation for the published data. This technique was re-
peated with other published data on the disappear-
ance of sCOD at different stages in the treatment train
and again the data obeyed a second order rate equa-
tion. A project was initiated to obtain interstage data on
soluble COD at three RBC facilities within a 100-mile
radius of Cincinnati. The results again gave a strong
correlation that RBC obey a second order reaction rate
equation. The analytical results from nine RBC plants
were compared with the predicted interstage data de-
termined by using a second order rate equation. The
results showed that second order kinetics was able to
predict interstage soluble organic data at eight of the
nine plants.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Reaction kinetics,
Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Rotating biological
contactors, 'Secondary sewage treatment.
PB82-241944 PC A02/MF A01
Application of the Area of Review Concept
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Thomhill, T. E. Short, and L. Silka. Dec 80,9p
EPA-600/J-81-008
Pub. in Ground Water v20, n1 p32-38 Jan/Feb 82.
The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program reg-
ulations require that an 'area of review' be determined
for new injection wells. Analytical equations may be
used to determine pressure buildup in disposal zones.
Care must be used in reviewing areas that have nu-
merous injection wells discharging into the same zone
to take into account the effect of all injection wells on
the pressure buildup.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, 'Water pollution control,
State government, Regulations, Potable water,
Ground water, Subsurface structures, Underground
storage, Fluids, Pressure, Geologic structures, Fresh
water, Viscosity, Brines, Hydrogeology, Gas reser-
voirs, Oil wells, Texas, Reprints, 'Pressurizing, Plug-
ging, Anderson County(Texas), Andrews
CountyfTexas), Refugio Countyftexas).
PB82-241951 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Some Dynamic Aspects of Extended Pollution
Episodes.
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
William J. King, and Fred M. Vukovich. 5 Jun 81,13p
EPA-600/J-81-049
Contract EPA-68-02-300p
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16, n5 p1171 -1181
1982.
A boundary layer trajectory model was used to com-
pute the residence time of air parcels within transient
high-pressure systems of Canadian origin traversing
the eastern Ohio River Valley. A strong correlation was
noted among the presence of a transient anticyclone,
elevated pollution levels, deteriorating horizontal visi-
bility a/id the length of time an air parcel had been en-
trained in the boundary layer of the high-pressure
system.
Keywords: 'Boundary layers, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Anticyclones, Ohio River
Valley, Visibility, Reprints.
PB82-241969 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Precision and Accuracy of a Beta Gauge for Aero-
sol Mass Determinations,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
1344 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
William J. Courtney, Robert W. Shaw, and Thomas G.
Dzubay. C1982, 6p EPA/600/J-81-095
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 16, n4
p236-239Apr82.
Results of an experimental determination of the preci-
sion and accuracy of a beta ray attenuation method for
measurement of aerosol mass are presented. The in-
strumental precision for a short term experiment was
25 micrograms for a 6.5 sq cm deposit collected on ap-
proximately 1 microgram/sq cm Teflon filters; for a
longer term experiment the precision was 27 micro-
grams. The precision of the gravimetric determinations
of aerosol deposits was 22 micrograms for Teflon fil-
ters weighted to micrograms. Filter re-orientation and
air density changes that were able to adversely affect
the beta ray attenuation results are discussed. Beta
ray attenuation results are in good agreement with gra-
vimetric measurements on the same filter-collected
aerosols. Using dichotomous samplers in Durham, NC,
aerosols were collected on Teflon filters in two size
ranges. A regression line was calculated implicitly as-
suming errors in both measurements of mass. The
90% confidence intervals lay within 21 micrograms of
the regression line for mean fine fraction aerosol mass
loadings of 532 micrograms and within 15 micrograms
of trie regression line for mean coarse fraction aerosol
mass loadings of 392 micrograms.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Mass, *Air pollution, Beta
spectrometers, Performance evaluation, Gravimetric
analysis, Air filters, Comparison, Reprints.
PB82-242017 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Determination of the Environmental Impact of
Several Substitute Chemicals In Agriculturally Af-
fected Wetlands. Final rept. 1 Sep 76-1 Sep 80,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
S. P. Meyers, R. P. Gambrell, and J. W. Day, Jr. Jul 82,
150p* EPA-600/4-82-052
Grant EPA-R-804976
Procedures have been developed for processing of
anaerobic wetland sediments for pesticide recovery
along with formulation of simulation models of anaero-
bic/aerobic soil and sediment environments to study
pesticide degradation. Redox conditions of soils and
sediment-water systems have a significant effect on in
situ persistence of synthetic organic pesticides. Chem-
ical and microbiological characteristics of wetland
sediments have equally important consequences on
mobility and degradation of toxic compounds. The
total invertebrate community of selected backswamp
regions has been examined as affected by Guthion
arid other pesticides. A system of continuous-flow and
static microcosm systems have been developed for
quantitative analyses of the effect of selected toxic
substances, including Guthion, methyl parathion, and
Kepone. Decomposition of ecologically-significant
substrates such as chitin is variously affected by differ-
ent toxic substances as shown in microcosm investi-
gations.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Pesticides, 'Swamps, 'Water
pollution, Invertebrates, Mathematical models, Recov-
ery, Sediments, pH, Organic compounds, Anaerobic
processes, Decomposition, Chitins, Microorganisms,
Nitro compounds. Phosphorus organic compounds.
Sulfur organic compounds, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Enzymes, 'Wetlands, Guthion, Phospnoro-
diathtotc acid/(dimethyl)-(oxo-benzotriazinyl)methyl,
Methyl parathion, Phosphorothtoic acid/O-O-(dimeth-
yl-ester)-O-(nitrophenyl)-ester, Kepone.
PB82-242025 PC A10/MF A01
Pollution Atmospherfque: Techniques de Controle
des Particules Pollutantes de I'AIr (Air Pollution:
Control Techiques for Parttculate Air Pollutants).
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct73,224pCCMS-13
Text in French.
Summarized in this report are the methods of control-
ling the emissions of hydrocarbons and organic sol-
vents. They were gathered by the Commission of Air
Experts, the Committee on trie Challenges of Modem
Society and OTAN, for dissemination to member coun-
tries. The origins of the particulate Air Pollutants are
mobile sources or stationary sources. Among the 23,8
GKg of substance in Air Pollutants produced by indus-
trial, commercial, and domestic sources in 1970,12,1
GKg were produced by industrial sources including the
combustion of industrial carburant; 11, 0 GKg were
produced by generating stations, incinerators and fur-
naces and 0,7 GKg by mobile sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Or-
ganic solvents, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Particles, Exhaust emissions.
PB82-242033 PC A23/MF A01
Air Quality Data -1978 Annual Statistics Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 79,532p EPA-450/4-79-037
See also PB-282 212, and PB-295 816.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1978. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, and total oxidants. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the oxidant standard and monitoring for hy-
drocarbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Particles, Carbon monoxide.
Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxi-
dizers, Standards, Monitoring, National government,
State government, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Compqsition), 'Air quality data, 'Na-
tional ambient air quality standards.
PB82-242058 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Nineteenth Century Technology - Twentieth Cen-
tury Problems: A Retrospective Mini-Assessment
Final rept,
Dames and Moore, Washington, DC.
Vary T. Coates, Thecla Fabian, and Margaret
McDonald. Jun 82,150p EPA-600/9-82-011
Contract EPA-68-02-3646
The systematic attempt to anticipate future environ-
mental problems has usually been associated with the
assessment of new or emerging technologies. In
recent years, however, it has become clear that envi-
ronmental problems may suddenly come to light, stem-
ming from aging or obsolescent technological sys-
tems, or from industrial practices that have already
been discounted or superceded by improved methods.
This retrospective mini-assessment of nineteenth cen-
tury technology has identified industrial and urban
technologies of the pre-World War I era which may be
the sources of present-day environmental problems or
threats to public health and safety. Four case studies
were given particular attention in the assessment: (1)
arsenic, which was used widely in a number of indus-
tries during the last century; (2) coal, which is being re-
introduced as a major energy source; (3) iron and
steel, the major heavy industries of the nineteenth cen-
tury; (4) old dams, which potentially contain hazardous
materials in the trapped sediments.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Technology as-
sessments, Industrial wastes, Urban areas, Sources,
Arsenic, Coal, Iron and steel industry, Dams, Hazard-
ous materials.
PB82-242066 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Photosynthesis and Respiration Rates In the Mon-
tlcello Experimental Streams: 1976/77 Dlel Field
Data and Computed Results,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. St. Anthony Falls Hy-
draulic Lab.
Douglas J. Fullen, John S. Gulliver, and Heinz G.
Stefan. Jun 82,181 p EPA-600/3-82-065
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Two-station diet dissolved oxygen measurements col-
lected during 1976 and 1977 at the Monticello Ecologi-
cal Research Station (Monticello, MN) have been ana-
lyzed by a graphical-analytical method and by a com-
puter model, Dissolved Oxygen Routing Model
(DORM), to determine daily community respiration and
photosynthesis. A third set of values was generated by
using the DORM model to simulate the graphical
method. The complete DORM included surface
oxygen exchange, longitudinal dispersion, a higher
order curve extrapolation between upstream dissolved
oxygen measurements and the dependence of respi-
ratory rate on water temperature and dissolved oxygen
measurements and the dependence of respiratory rate
on water temperature and dissolved oxygen concen-
tration, but neither the graphical nor the simulated
graphical models included these factors.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Dissolved gases, 'Oxygen,
'Water pollution control, 'Streams, Photosynthesis,
Dispersing, Temperature measurement, Mathematical
models, Diurnal variations, Tables(Data), Minnesota,
'DORM model.
PB82-242074 PC A07/MF A01
A Microprocessor ASCII Character Buffering
System. Rept. for Jun-Dec 80,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
John M. Teuschler, Roger A. Jollis, and Jonathan E.
Kopke. Jul 82,144p EPA-600/4-82-051
A microprocessor buffering system (MBS) was devel-
oped at the Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory -Cincinnati (EMSL-CI) to provide an effi-
cient transfer for serial ASCII information between in-
telligent instrument systema and a Data General
NOVA laboratory automation computer system. Since
the MBS is field programmable, the design is expected
to satisfy many of the Agency's needs to transfer data
from ' intelligent instrument' computer systems to the
standard EPA laboratory automation system. The
system has the capability of transferring information si-
multaneously from three intelligent instrument sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Buffer storage, Computer programs, Data
storage. Data transmission, 'Microprocessors, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, BASIC programming language,
NOVA-840 computers.
PB82-242090 PC A06/MF A01
A Review of Air Pollutant Damage to Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
John E. Yocom, Alexander R. Stankunas, and F.
Vandiver P. Bradow. Jun 82,103p* EPA-600/8-82-016
Prepared in cooperation with TRC Environmental Con-
sultants, Inc., Wetherfield, CT.
Report prepared as U.S. contribution to Panel 3 of
NATO Committee on Challenges of Modern Society
Pilot Study on Air Pollution Control Strategies and
Impact Modeling. Panel 3 focuses on air pollutant
impact and will publish 4 reports on air pollutants ef-
fects; this is the first in the series and covers effects on
materials. Reviewed here are physical and economic
effects of sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrogen
oxide, ozone, hydrogen sulfides, fluoride, and ammo-
nia on metals, textiles, paint, building materials, leath-
ers, paper and elastomers. Report is summary of perti-
nent information in EPA's air quality criteria and EPA-
Funded NAS review documents.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Reviews, Sulfur oxides, Par-
ticles, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Economic analysis,
'Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB82-242207 PC A08/MF A01
The Effects of Discharges from Limestone Quar-
ries on Water Quality and Aquatic Biota. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
M. A. Hoban, J. C. Lippe, Ronald Kirby, M. H.
McCloskey, and N. A. Pacharzina. 15Jun82,175p
EPA-440/1-82-059
This report documents the procedures, wastewater
analysis results, water quality effects and biological ef-
fects of limestone quarring and processing operations
on surface streams. Data was gathered by on site
sampling of process steams (treated and untreated) at
December 1983 1345
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nine limestone operations and biological sampling of
the receiving streams. Published data was gathered on
the general effects of constituents present in
wastewater streams and effects of limestone effluents
are evaluated on information from the literature and
sampling.
Keywords: 'Limestone, *Quarring, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Processing, Stream
flow, Aquatic animals, Sampling, Aquatic biology. Tur-
bidity, Silicon dioxide, Plankton, Fresh water fishes,
Asbestos, Algae, Lagoons(Ponds), Trace elements,
Organic wastes, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
Water analysis.
PB82-242256 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
SRI International: Assessment of Human Expo-
sures to Atmospheric AcrylonitrUe. Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Center for Re-
source and Environmental Systems Studies.
Benjamin E. Suta. Aug 79,284p CRESS-100
Contract EPA-68-02-2835
This report is one in a series that SRI International is
providing for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to estimate the population-at-risk to selected
pollutants. Primarily, this study has sought to estimate
environmental exposure of the U.S. population to at-
mospheric acrylonitrile (AN) emissions. The principal
atmospheric sources considered in this report are fa-
cilities that produce or that use it as a chemical inter-
mediate. Many tables are included.
Keywords: •Acrylonitriles, 'Air pollution, Exposure, As-
sessments, Public health, Chemical properties, Physi-
cal properties. Manufacturing, Utilization, Comparison.
Monitoring, ConcentrationfComposition), Sources,
Tabtes(Data), 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air
quality. Chemical feedstocks.
PB82-242298 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Vehicle Refueling Emissions Seminar.
American Petroleum Inst, Washington, DC.
5 Dec 73,106p API-PU&4222
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Los Angeles Air Pollu-
tion Control District
This seminar focuses on the overriding regulatory as-
pects of refueling vapor control hi response to the
dean Air Act There are discussions on the current
status on research and control technology of refueling
emissions, the implementation capabilities, both
present and future, the recovery equipment available,
and the future outlook. There is an overview of the
consideration of controls. Photographs and charts in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refueling, 'Meet-
ings, Forecasting, Automotive industry, Service sta-
tions, Fugitive emissions.
P882-242389
PC A02/MF A01
PSD Monitoring, Memorandum rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Kenneth A. Rehme. 20 May 80,11p
This is a memo containing information on PSD Moni-
toring. It includes tables showing PSD monitoring
methods and averaging times for the regulated criteria
and non-criteria pollutants. The Rationale for trie PSD
Monitoring De Minimis Concentrations is also given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Monitoring,
Com»ntration(Composition), 'Prevention of Signifi-
cant Deterioration Regulations.
PB82-242413 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Graphic Arts: An AP-42 Update. Final rept Apr-Aug
79,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica,
CA.
K. Wilson, and V. Scott Sep 79,28p EPA-450/4-79-
014
Contract EPA-68-02-2583
This document contains the text of AP-42 Section 4.9,
Graphic Arts, written in May 1979. The section in-
cludes a description of four graphic arts processes
(web offset lithography, web letterpress, rotogravure,
and flexography), process flow diagrams, and emis-
sions and controls discussions. A method for estimat-
ing emissions using theoretically derived equations is
also included. A background document which dis-
cusses, in some detail, the derivation of emission
quantification methodologies follows the Section itself.
Keywords: 'Graphic arts, 'Air pollution control, Evapo-
ration, Design criteria, Emission factors.
PB82-242447 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
Air Quality Non-Attainment Areas in Region V,
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
Cindy L. Dahl, James R. Soehngen, and Cartton
Hamlin. Jun 82,111 p 1641 -TASK-12, EPA/905/9-82-
005
Contract EPA-68-02-3178
See also PB81-116097.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
This document illustrates the attainment/non-attain-
ment designations for the five criteria pollutants (sulfur
dioxide, total suspended particulates, ozone, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen dioxide) for the states compris-
ing USEPA - Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Min-
nesota, Ohio and Wisconsin). The air quality designa-
tions detailed in these maps are based upon informa-
tion available as of March, 1982. These attainment
status designations are pursuant to the requirements
of Section 107 of the Clean Air Act, as amended in
1977, and are codified in Subpart C of Part 81 of Chap-
ter 1, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. For addi-
tional information regarding current air quality data,
legal and procedural requirements for attainment/non-
attainment areas, etc., the appropriate regional, state
or local environmental agencies should be contacted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Tables(Data), Sulfur dioxide,
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Particles,
Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, Stand-
ards, Regulations, 'Air quality data, "EPA region 5.
PB82-242470 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Appendix A: Summary of Individual Comments on
the May 22, 1980 Proposed Visibility Regulations.
Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Oct 80,491 p EPA-450/2-80-083B
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB81 -161358.
The Appendix to 'Summary of Comments and Re-
sponses on the May 22, 1980 Proposed Regulations
for Visibility Protection for Federal Class I Areas' sum-
marizes the public comments by individual commenter.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Air pollution, 'Regulations.
PB82-242488 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Medium Duty Vehicle Emission Control Cost Ef-
fectiveness Comparisons. Volume I. Executive
Summary. Final rept,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA.
M. G. Hinton, J. Mettzer, T. lura, J. A. Drake, and L
Forrest Jan 74,58p ATR-74<7327)-1 -VOL-1, EPA-
460/3-74-004A
Contract EPA-68-01 -0417
A comparative analysis was made of the emission con-
trol cost factors (expressed as dollars expended per
ton of pollutant removed) of medium duty vehicles
(MDVs-6000 to 14000-lb GVW), light duty vehicles
(LDVs-tess than 6000-lb GVW), heavy duty vehicles
(HDVs-greater than 14000-lb GVW), utility power
plants, and a number of other stationary sources.
Mobile source emission inventories were calculated
for the New York City, Los Angeles, and Phoenix-
Tucson Air Quality Control Regions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution control equipment Steam boilers. Trucks,
Cost comparison, Cost effectiveness, New York, Cali-
fornia, Arizona, 'Emission control, Medium duty vehi-
cles. Light duty vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles, New
York City(New York), Los Angeles(California),
Phoenix(Arizona), Tucson(Arizona).
PB82-242520 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application of Water Quality Models to a Small
Forested Watershed: I. The Nondeslgnated 208
Area Screening Model. Final rept. Jul 76-Sep 79
Military Academy, West Point, NY. Science Research
Lab.
J. Hesson, J. K. Robertson, Thomas Bamwell, and
James Falco. Apr 82,107p EPA-600/3-82-029
The natural setting of a small forested watershed, the
West Point Study Area, is described. Modeling of the
watershed using the nondesignated 208 area screen-
ing model is explained. Parameter evaluation and sam-
pling for calibration and verification purposes is de-
tailed. Shortcomings of the model for application to
small forested watersheds are identified.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Forest land, Mathemati-
cal models, Selection, Watersheds, Soil profiles, Soil
erosion, Bed load, Sediments, Water quality, Stream-
flow, Soil water, Photographs, Thermal pollution, Ba-
thymetry, Ponds, Graphs(Charts), 'Forest watersheds,
Nonpoint sources, Point sources.
PB82-242595 PC A02/MF A01
Apparatus and Procedure for Sampling Soil Pro-
files for Volatile Organic Compounds. Journal arti-
cle,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
A. L Wood, J. T. Wilson, R. L. Cosby, A. G. Homsby,
and L B. Baskin. Apr 81, 6p EPA-600/J-81 -350
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl. v45, n2
p442-444Apr81.
A conventional soil-solution sampler was modified to
prevent loss of volatiles, which tend to escape from
the liquid sample during sample collection. The sam-
pler is connected to a purging chamber, which is in turn
connected to a trap packed with Tenax resin. The
sample is collected by applying a vacuum to the down-
stream end of the trap. Material that volatilizes during
collection of the aqueous sample is captured on the
trap. Material that remains in the aqueous sample is
purged from solution with N2 and captured on the
same trap. The trap is then returned to the laboratory
for desorption and determination of the individual pol-
lutants by conventional methods for volatile organic
analysis.
Keywords: 'Soil water, 'Samplers, 'Environmental
surveys, Leaching, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Land pollution.
PB82-242611 PC A04/MF A01
Primary Aluminum. Background Information: Pro-
posed Amendments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 78,71 p EPA-450/2-78-025A
This document supplements information contained in
the preamble to proposed amendments for the new
source performance standard for the primary alumi-
num industry. The document contains additional infor-
mation on the emission test results, the statistical
treatment of the test results, the costs, and the envi-
ronmental impact of the proposed amendments. Also,
the document addresses other issues raised by liti-
gants.
Keywords: 'Aluminum industry, 'Air pollution abate-
ment Standards, Environmental impacts, Cost analy-
sis, Revisions, 'New source performance standards.
PB82-243288 PC A06/MF A01
Public Health Service, Washington, DC.
Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Hydrogen Sul-
flde: A Literature Review,
Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Environmental
Systems Div.
Sydney Miner. Oct 69,105p APTD-69-37
Contract PH-22-68-25
1346 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This is a preliminary literature review representing
present knowledge of hydrogen sulfide and its effects
on humans, animals, plants and materials. Hydrogen
sulfide is a colorless gas that has an obnoxious odor at
low concentrations. The odor threshold is in the g/cu
m range. In higher concentrations, the gas is toxic to
humans and animals and corrosive to many metals. It
will tarnish silver and react with heavy metals in points
to discolor the paint. In humans, it will cause head-
ache, conjunctivitis, sleeplessness, pain in the eyes,
and similar symptoms at low air concentrations and
death at high air concentrations. However, the majority
of the complaints arising from hydrogen sulfide air pol-
lution are due to its obnoxious odor in extremely low air
concentrations. Air pollution by hydrogen sulfide is not
a widespread urban problem but is generally localized
in the vicinity of an emitter such as kraft paper mills, in-
dustrial waste disposal ponds, sewage plants, refiner-
ies, and coke oven plants.
Keywords: * Hydrogen sulfide, *Air pollution, Surveys,
Industrial wastes, Sewage,
ConcentratJon(CompositJon), Toxicology, Odors,
Sources, *Air quality, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB82-243981 PC A06/MF A01
NolM Effects Handbooks: A Desk Reference to
Health and Welfare Effects of Noise.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Jul 81,124p EPA-550/9-82-106
This desk reference contains the most up-to-date sci-
entific information on the health effects of noise in a
'Question and Answer' format designed for technical
or semi-technical audiences such as State and local
Noise Control Officials or the general public.
Keywords: 'Noise(Physiology), 'Stress(Physiology),
Auditory perception, Responses, Physiological effects,
Performance(Human), Sleep, Communities, Public
health, Noise pollution, Environmental health, Hearing
PB82-243999 PC A05/MF A01
Hexachlorohexahydromethano-2,4,3-
benzodtoxathtepin 3-oxide (Endosulfan): Pesticide
Registration Standard,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Linda Garczynski. Mar 82,96p EPA-540/RS-82-008
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
marizes of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations,
Chlorine organic compounds, Toxicology, Ecology,
Chemistry, 'Endosulfan, Path of pollutants.
PB82-244005 PC A02/MF A01
Guidance for the Future Use of NASN (This Guide-
line Replaces OAQPS Number 1.2-020).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 77,10p OAQPS-1.2-075
This guidance is a replacement for OAQPS 1.2-020,
'Guidance for Decentralization and Continued Oper-
ation of the NASN,' September 1974. This material
should clarify the integration of the NASN into the am-
bient monitoring program discussed in the draft Air
Monitoring Strategy Document and should be used by
Regions in their evaluation of state and local monitor-
ing programs.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution, Forecasting,
Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Nitrogen dioxide, Sampling,
Sites, *NASN network, Air quality.
PB82-244013 PC A99/MF A01
Diesel Emissions Symposium Proceedings.
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Jul 82,647p EPA-600/9-82-014
The high fuel efficiency of diesel engines is expected
to result in a significant increase in the production of
diesel-powered passenger cars. Major research pro-
grams were initiated in the late 1970s by governments,
industry, and the academic community in order to un-
derstand the physical and chemical characteristics of
emissions from the diesel engine, and the biological ef-
fects of these emissions. In October of 1981, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a Diesel
Emissions Symposium to report and review the major
scientific and technical information developed from
these research programs. This proceedings volume
contains 21 review papers and 79 short papers cover-
ing all the oral and poster presentations of the 1981
Diesel Emissions Symposium. The meeting spanned
the following subject areas: diesel emissions charac-
terization and control technology; chemical and bioas-
say characterization; pulmonary function, toxicology,
and biochemistry; mutagenesis; carcinogenesis; expo-
sure and risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Technology, Air pollution control, Bioassay, Toxi-
cology, Exposure, Risk, Antineoplastic agents, Bio-
chemistry, 'Diesel engine exhaust.
PB82-244351 PC E99
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectropttotometer Auto-
mation System.
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Jul 82,386p-in 3v
Set includes PB82-244369, PB82-244377, and PB82-
244385.
No abstract available.
PB82-244369 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer Auto-
mation System. Part I: Functional Specifications.
Rept. for Oct 79-Feb 80,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Gregory S. Roth, John M. Teuschler, and William L.
Budde. Jul 82,56p EPA-600/4-82-053A
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 2, PB82-244377.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
244351.
This document contains the project definition, the
functional requirements, and the functional design for
a proposed computer automation system for scanning
spectrophotometers. The system will be implemented
on a Data General computer using the BASIC lan-
guage. The system is a real-time data acquisition
system with 'on-line' data reduction, quality assurance,
report generation and plotting. It is designed for oper-
ation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Data General automation system. Analyses included in
the system facilitate the determination of chlorophyll
concentrations, the evaluation of color in waters, and a
general transmittance/absorbance measurement of
any given sample. Quality assurance is provided by the
analysis of standard filters. Two related publications
are titled, 'An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
Automation System - Part II User's Guide' and 'An Ul-
traviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer Automation
System - Part III Program Documentation.'
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Calibrating, Qual-
ity assurance, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Laboratory equipment, Sampling, Chlorophyll, Color,
Absorptance, 'Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometers,
Computer applications.
PB82-244377 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer Auto-
mation System. Part II: User's Guide. Rept. for Feb-
SepSO,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Gregory S. Roth, John M. Teuschler, and William
Budde. Jul 82,71 p EPA-600/4-82-053B
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 1, PB82-244369, and Part 3, PB82-
244385.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
244351.
The Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer (U WIS) au-
tomation system facilitates computer-automated pro-
cedures for the analysis of chlorophyll concentrations
and color evaluations of waters, as well as the quality
assurance of the Spectrophotometer. In addition to
various types of reports, this system also offers plots
of chlorophyll and color scan data for either plotting or
non-plotting terminals. The UWIS system also pro-
vides manual data-entry facilities for chlorophyll analy-
sis and for three-filter photometer color analysis. This
document describes the UWIS system from a user's
perspective. It concentrates on how one interacts with
the system, and on what system features one may use.
Two other related publications are 'An Ultraviolet-Visi-
ble Spectrophotometer Automation System - Part 1
Functional Specifications,' and 'An Ultraviolet - Visible
Spectrophotometer Automation System - Part III Pro-
gram Documentation.'
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Manuals, Chloro-
phyll, Color, Quality assurance, Sampling, Laboratory
equipment, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
•Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometers, Computer ap-
plications.
PB82-244385 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer Auto-
mation System. Part III: Program Documentation.
Rept. for Feb-Jul 80,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
Gregory S. Roth, John M. Teuschler, and William
Budde. Jul 82, 259p EPA-600/4-82-053C
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
See also Part 2, PB82-244377.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
244351.
The Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer (UWIS) au-
tomation system accomplishes 'on-line' spectrophoto-
metric quality assurance determinations, report gen-
erations, plot generations and data reduction for chlo-
rophyll or color analysis. This system also has the ca-
pability to process manually entered data for the analy-
sis of chlorophyll or color. For each program of the
UWIS system, this document contains a program de-
scription, flowchart, variable dictionary, code listing,
and symbol cross-reference table. Also included are
descriptions of file structures and of routines common
to all automated analyses. The programs are written in
Data General extended BASIC, Revision 4.3, under
the RDOS.operating systems, Revision 6.2. The
BASIC code has been enhanced for real-time data ac-
quisition, which is accomplished by CALLS to assem-
bly language subroutines. Two other related publica-
tions are 'An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
Automation System - Part I Functional Specifications,'
and 'An Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer Auto-
mation System - Part II User's Guide.'
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Quality assur-
ance, Chlorophyll, Sampling, Programming languages,
Computer programs, Color, Chlorophyll, 'Ultraviolet
visible spectrophotometers, "BASIC programming lan-
guage, Computer applications.
PB82-244716 PC A10/MF A01
Second US/USSR Symposium: Biological Aspects
of Pollutant Effects on Marine Organisms Held at
Terskol, USSR on June 4-9,1979,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. J. Baumgartner, and A. I. Simonov. Apr 82,202p
EPA-600/3-82-034
This Symposium was conducted under a US/USSR
Environmental Agreement, Project 02.06-21 titled
'Effect of Pollutants on Marine Organisms. Papers by
American and Soviet specialists present advances in
hydrobiological analysis of basic structural compo-
nents of marine ecosystems and the influence of vari-
ous pollutants on these components. Results of labo-
ratory research as well as field observations on the in-
fluence of pollution on the marine environment are
presented. Participants attending the Symposium dis-
cussed problems related to methods for modeling the
influence of pollutants on the marine environment,
long term forecasting and determination of permissible
loads of pollutants, and the unification and intercalibra-
tion of methods for determinig biological responses
and chemical contamination. Extensive discussions
were held on the scope of the technical topics to be in-
cluded in the exchange. The authors recognized that
December 1983 1347
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA's interests were primarily related to the scientific
basis for regulating waste discharges, whereas the
Soviet scientists tended to be less involved in this ac-
tivity and more interested in global or at least large
scale marine water quality for its own sake. The United
States co-chairman proposed to invite greater partici-
pation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration in future project activities to balance the
interest of the Soviet scientists. Proceedings are pub-
lished in English and Russian in compliance with the
Memorandum from the 4th Session of the Joint US-
USSR Committee on Cooperation in the Field of Envi-
ronmental Research.
Keywords: * Meetings, 'Marine biology, Oceans, Water
pollution, USSR, United States, Environments, Crude
oil, Algae, Fishes, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Ecosystems, Oil pollution, Btoindicators.
PB82-245721 PC A04/MF A01
Air OuaHty and Energy Conservation Benefits
from Using Emulsions to Replace Asphalt Cut-
backs in Certain Paving Operations. Final root,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Francis M. Kirwan, and Clarence Maday. Jan 78,52p
EPA-450/2-78-004
This paper reviews practices found in the use of liqui-
fied asphalts for paving purposes. It examines (1) the
solvent content difference in asphalts liquified with pe-
troleum distillates (cutback asphalts) and asphalts li-
quified using water and an emulsifying agent and (2)
the amounts of hydrocarbons emitted when using cut-
back asphalts in relation to national and state hydro-
carbon emissions. The substrtutabilrty of cutbacks and
emulsions are discussed. Energy conservation consid-
erations are treated. The results of an eight-state tele-
phone survey of highway paving practices are present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Emulsions, 'Air pollution control, 'Hydro-
carbons, 'Paving, Solvents, Substitutes, Asphalts,
'Energy conservation, 'Air quality.
PB82-245739 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Flue Gas DesurrurtzaHon Costs tor Large Coal-
Fired BoBers (Draft),
PEDCo-Environmerttal, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Larry L Biggs, and Duane S. Forste. 1982,54p
Contract EPA-68-02-2842
In support of a program to review New Source Per-
formance Standards for sulfur dioxide emissions from
coat-fired steam generators, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency is preparing estimates of the costs
of flue gas desurfurization (FGD) systems. The pro-
gram is designed to determine the costs of FGD at var-
ious efficiencies, regulation levels, and coal sulfur
levels with particular emphasis on the cost impacts of
averaging time. EPA has contracted with PEDCo Envi-
ronmental, Inc. to develop costs of lime FGD systems
for alternate regulation levels and coal sulfur levels.
Model steam-electric generating plants were used as a
basis for estimating these costs. In section 2 the meth-
odology and assumptions used in the analysis are pre-
sented. Section 3 presents the results of the study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, Cost analy-
sis. Methodology, Capitalized costs. Operating costs,
Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Flue
gas desulfurization.
PB82-246000 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ParKNC.
The Use of Judgmental ProbabWty hi Decision
Uniting. Final rept.,
SRI International, Mento Park, CA.
Daniel J. Qoinn, and James E Matheson. May 78,56p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This paper discusses the use of probability to quantita-
tively measure experts judgments regarding uncertain-
ly. The authors review the need for probability assess-
ment, its proper role in the decision-making process,
and an accepted method of encoding a probability dis-
tribution. They also address the questions of current
government use and of validation of judgmental proba-
bility assessment through a review of several pub-
lished studies and a telephone survey of several key
practitioners.
Keywords: 'Decision making, 'Judgment, Air pollution,
Standards, Probability theory.
PB82-246075 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Addendum to User's Guide for Climatological Dis-
persion Model. Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL
Kenneth L Brubaker, Polly Brown, and Richard R.
Cirillo. May 77,144p EPA-450/3-77-015
See also PB-227 346.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Three significant new features have been added to the
computer program of the Climatological Dispersion
Model: (1) a calibration package, (2) the capability of
providing individual source contribution lists for arbi-
trary receptors, and (3) a Larsen averaging time trans-
formation package. This report provides documenta-
tion for the use of the new features, descriptions of the
corresponding algorithms and guidelines for use.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Atmospheric motion, 'Cli-
matology, Computer programs, Mathematical models.
Algorithms, Concentration(Composition), Fortran, Cali-
brating, 'Climatological dispersion model.
PB82-246810 PC A02/MF A01
Portable Sampler for Pesticides and Semtvolatite
Industrial Organic Chemicals In Air. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Paris, NC.
Robert G. Lewis, and Kathtyn E. MacLeod. 9 Nov 81,
8pEPA-600/J-81-354
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n2 p310-315 Feb 82.
A battery powered, low volume air sampling system uti-
lizing polyurethane form (PDF) as a trapping medium
has been developed and evaluated. The sampler pro-
vides air flows of up to 4 L/min affording theoretical
detection limits of less than 0.1 mtcrogram/cu m for
most chemicals tested. It is lightweight and portable
and operates very quietly which makes it ideally suited
for domiciliary air sampling or as a personal air moni-
tor.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, 'Sam-
plers, Portable equipment, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-246828 PC A02/MF A01
Modification and Evaluation of a High-Volume Air
Sampler for Pesticides and SemivotatJIe Industrial
Organic Chemicals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Robert G. Lewis, and Merrill D. Jackson. 9 Nov 81,5p
EPA-600/J-81-355
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n3 p592-594 Mar 82.
Previously we reported the development and evalua-
tion of a high-volume air sampler for pesticides and
other semivolatile industrial organic chemicals (1). This
sampler has proved useful for monitoring airborne pes-
ticides associated with agricultural applications (2) and
polychlorinated biphenyl emissions from incineration
and spill cleanup processes (3) Since our initial publi-
cation, the sampling system has been improved
through redesign of the collection module for more ef-
ficient and versatile use. The new module accomo-
dates a reusable sorbent cartridge which can be ex-
tracted intact for chemical analysis. Both polyurethane
foam (PDF) and granular sorbents can be employed
for sampling air at flow rates of 200-250 L/min. This
correspondence describes the collection module and
reports results of studies conducted to improve sam-
pling efficiencies for more volatile compounds.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds. Revi-
sions, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes.
Monitoring, Chlorine organic compounds, Air pollution.
Reprints, 'High volume air samplers, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Potychlorinated biphenyls, Chemical spills.
PB82-246836 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Gel Permeation Chromatography
for Clean Up of Human Adipose Tissue Samples
for GC/MS Analysis of Pesticides and Other
Chemicals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kathryn E. MacLeod, Robert C. Hanisch, and Robert
G. Lewis. 28 Dec 81, 5p EPA-600/J-82-005
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v6 p38-40 Jan/
Feb 82.
Gel permeation Chromatography (GPC) has been eval-
uated for clean up of human adipose tissue sample ex-
tracts in preparation for confirmatory analysis by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Stud-
ies were conducted with standard solutions, fortified
chicken fat, and actual human adipose tissue samples.
Nearly quantitative removal of lipid material was
achieved with minimal losses of 16 organochlorine
pesticides and metabolites: two polychlorinated bi-
phenyl (PCB) mixtures, two chlorinated napthalene
(PCN) mixtures, and a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)
mixture. Mass spectra free from interferences were
obtained over the mass range from 46 m/z to 560 m/z.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical compounds,
"Chemical analysis, 'Tissues(Biology), Gas Chroma-
tography, Mass spectrpscopy. Halogen organic com-
pounds, Humans, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Gel perme-
ation Chromatography, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Po-
lybrominated biphenyls, Chlorinated napthalene.
PB82-246844 PC A02/MF A01
Pilot Plant Studies - from Study Planning to
Project Implementation,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gary S. Logsdon. May 82,10p EPA-600/D-82-320
Pub. in Proceedings of American Water Works Asso-
ciation Annual Conference, Miami Beach, Florida, May
1982.
Before major water treatment facilities are designed or
built, pilot plant studies are often conducted. These
studies need to be planned and carried out properly if
they are to provide the desired benefits. Pilot plant
studies may be conducted to evaluate treatment or op-
erating alternatives, or to evaluate theories or con-
cepts of operation and treatment. Data needs for pilot
studies can include water quality data and cost data.
An appropriate range of conditions, including extremes
that may be expected, should be evaluated. Equip-
ment used in pilot plants should be of an appropriate
design, suitable for scale-up and reasonable to oper-
ate. Data collection should not be excessive, but docu-
mentation of methods and results must be adequate.
Quality control and quality assurance are very impor-
tant Data from the project should be reviewed fre-
quently to ascertain that the study is accomplishing the
desired goals. After pilot operations are completed,
final analysis of data and preparation of a clear, under-
standable report are the concluding tasks.
Keywords: 'Water treatment. Pilot plants, Design crite-
ria, Potable water, Equipment, 'Water quality.
PB82-2464S1 PC A02/MF A01
Neurobehavioral Effects of Toluene: A Review.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vernon A. Benignus. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-82-001
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v3
D407-415 1981. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Toluene appears to produce reversible effects upon
liver, renal and nervous systems. Its usual route of
intake is via respiration. The nervous system appears
to be the most sensitive to the effects of toluene. Al-
though there are few studies of toluene's neurotoxicity,
some tenuous results are cited.
Keywords: 'Toluene, 'Nervous system, 'Toxicology,
Aromatic hydrocarbons. Reviews, Physiological ef-
fects, Behavior, Exposure, Air pollution, Reprints,
'Neurotoxicity.
1348 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS2-247164 Not available NTIS
Teratogenic Evaluation of Ethylene Chlorhydrin
(ECh, 2-Chlorethanol) in Mice. Final rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. Diane Courtney, James E. Andrews, and Margaret
Grady. C1982,13p EPA-600/J-82-122
Pub in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health B17,
n4p381-391 1982.
ECh administered intragastrically to pregnant CD-1
mice from the 6th to the 16th day of gestation at a
dose of 100 mg/kg produced a significant reduction in
maternal weight gain and a decrease in fetal body
weight and liver weight. A lower dose of 50 mg/kg had
no consistent effect and a higher dose of 150 mg/kg
was maternally lethal. Administration of ECh in the
drinking water at doses of 16,43, 77, or 227 mg/kg did
not produce any adverse effects on maternal or fetal
body weight, viability, or fetal development.
Keywords: Evaluations, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Environmental surveys, Reprints, 'Ethanol/
chloro, 'Teratogenesis.
PB82-247172 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Th« University of Akron Study on Air Pollution
and Human Health Effects I. Methodology, Base-
line Data, and Aerometrics. Journal article,
Akron Univ., OH.
Richard A. Mostardi, Daniel L. Ely, Nancy R.
Woebkenberg, Barry Richardson, and Marcia T.
Jarrett. 1981, 9p EPA-600/J-82-019
Grant EPA-R-804256
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v36 n5
p243-249Sep/Oct81.
This study determined the health effects of ambient air
pollutants in two grade school populations in Akron,
Ohio. One school is adjacent to industry and has ele-
vated levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and moderate
levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), while the other school
is 4 km east and unpolluted. This study was designed
in this manner for two purposes: (1) to identify and
monitor ambient levels of air pollutants in an area
proximal to the grade school so that the levels could
be accurately assessed, and (2) to determine baseline
pulmonary function values and questionnaire re-
sponses from the parents indicating any acute and/or
chronic respiratory problem in the child. Ninety-five
percent of the children enrolled in this study lived
within 2 km of the schools and aerometric stations,
thus providing for careful control in the study region.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Respi-
ratory diseases, Air pollution. Humans, Children, Iden-
tifying, Reprints, *Air pollution effects(Humans), Moni-
toring, Baseline measurements.
PB82-247180 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The University of Akron Study on Air Pollution
and Human Health Effects II. Effects on Acute
Respiratory Illness. Journal article,
Akron Univ., OH.
Richard A. Mostardi, Nancy R. Woebkenberg, Daniel
L Ely, Mary Conton, and Glenn Atwood. 1981,8p EPA-
600/J-82-020
Grant EPA-R-804256
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v36 n5
p250-255Sep/Oct81.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects
of air pollution on acute respiratory illness (ARI).
Levels of air pollutants were monitored on a daily 24-
hour basis at two schools in Akron, Ohio. The children
at each school completed daily diaries which served
as a screening mechanism for detecting ARI. Once an
ARI was isolated, pulmonary function tests (PFT) were
run during the symptomatic phase; once the child
became asymptomatic, tests were continued for 2 wk.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, Ohio, Children, Air
pollution, Public health, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Akron(Ohio), Lung function tests.
PB82-247198 PC A02/MF A01
Substituent Parameter Analysis of the Carbon-13
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts of
4-Substituted p-Terphenyls. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Nancy K. Wilson, and Robert D. Zehr. 14 Sep 81, 7p
EPA-600/J-81-393
Pub. in Jnl. of Organic Chemistry, v47 n7 p1184-1188,
26 Mar 82.
The effects, delta sigma values, of substituents at the
4-position of 1:1',4':1'-terphenyl on the (13)C NMR
chemical shifts were measured.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Terphen-
yls, Reprints, 'Chemical shifts(Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance), Tracer studies.
PB82-247206 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Cocarcinogens and Their Poten-
tial Mechanisms of Action Using C3H10T(1/2)CL8
Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Stephen Nesnow, Sharon Leavitt, Helen Garland, T.
Owens Vaughan, and Betty Hyatt. 7 May 81, 8p EPA-
600/J-80-202
Pub. in Cancer Research 41, p3071-3076 Aug 81. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The cocarcinogenic action of five agents which in-
crease microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity in
vivo was examined in the C3H101/2CL8 transforma-
tion assay. The compounds studies were
benz(a)anthracene, 5,6-benzpflavone, phenobarbrtal,
pregnenolone-16a-carbon-nitrile, and Aroclor 1254.
After a 48-hr pretreatment with the agent, the cells
were then treated with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and the
agent for an additional 24hr. This suggests that these
agents exert their cocarcinogenic action via increases
in the enzyme-mediated pathways of B(a)P metabo-
lism.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, Identifying,
Mice, Reprints, Fibroblasts, Fetuses.
PB82-247214 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Age and Body Lead Burden on CNS
Function In Young Children. II. EEC Spectra. Jour-
nal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
V. A. Benignus, D. A. Otto, K. E. Muller, and K. J.
Seiple. 12May81,11pEPA-600/J-80-173
Contract EPA-68-02-1702
Pub. in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neuro-
physiology 52, p240-248 1981.
This study explored the effects of age and PbB upon
EEC power spectra and various measures of hemi-
spheric laterally in children, aged 13-75 months,
watching a display(cartoon).
Keywords: 'Age, 'Children, 'Lead(Metal), 'Electroen-
cephalography, Central nervous system, Reprints.
PB82-247222 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Age and Body Lead Burden on CNS
Function in Young Children. I. Slow Cortical Po-
tentials. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
D. A. Otto, V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, and C. N.
Barton. 12 May 81,13p EPA-600/J-80-172
Contract EPA-68-02-1702
Pub. in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neuro-
physkJlogy 52, p229-239 1981.
The effects of body Pb burden on slow cortical poten-
tials were studied in 63 children aged 13-75 months.
Slow wave (SW) voltage during sensory conditioning
varied as a linear function of blood lead (PbB) level.
The slope of this fuction, moreover, changed system-
atically with age. For children under 5 years of age, SW
voltage tended to be positive at low PbBs and to be
negative above 30 micrograms/d1. For children over 5
years of age, SW voltage tended to be negative at low
PbBs and to be less negative (or positive) above 30 mi-
crograms/d1. These results provide evidence of al-
tered CNS function at the lowest Pb effect level ever
reported.
Keywords: 'Age, 'Lead(Metal), 'Children, Reprints,
'Cortical potentials.
PB82-247230 PC A02/MF A01
Method for the Confirmation of Chlorophenols in
Human Urine by LC with an Electrochemical De-
tector. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. M. Lores, T. R. Edgerton, and R. F. Moseman. 10
Apr 81, 6p EPA-600/J-80-184
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science v19 p266-269
Sep 81.
A method is described for the confirmation of chlorp-
phenols in human urine. A hydrolyzed urine sample is
analyzed by both gas chromatography (GC), and liquid
chromatography (LC) with electrochemical detection
and the results compared. A discussion of these re-
sults, including factors affecting separation, detection,
and confirmation of Chlorophenols in human urine, is
included.
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Chemical analyses, Humans, Detection,
Electrochemistry, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Phenols/chloro, 'Urinalysis, Liquid chroma-
tography.
PB82-247248 PC A02/MF A01
Perinatal Toxlclty of Endrin In Rodents. II. Fete-
toxic Effects of Prenatal Exposure in Rats and
Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert J. Kavlock, Neil Chernoff, RoertC. Hanisch,
Jacqueline Gray, and Ellen Rogers. 6 May 81,12p
EPA-600/J-80-140
Pub. in Toxicology 21, p141 -150 1981.
The fetotoxic potential of endrin in the CD rat and CD-1
mouse was investigated. Endrin was administered as a
solution in corn oil to groups of pregnant animals by
gastric intubation at multiple dose levels throughout
the period of organogenesis. The data suggest that
species differences in sensitivity to endrin may in part
be due to differences in metabolism. Although endrin
levels in rat fetuses at a maximally tolerated dosage
level resembled those previously reported for the ham-
ster, relatively less 12-ketoendrin was present, paral-
leling the change in fetal sensitivity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Endrin, 'Pesticides, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Dosage,
Sensitivity, Reprints, Fetuses, Dimethanonaphtha-
lenes.
PB82-247255 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Ozone on Drug-Induced Sleeping Time
in Mice Pretreated with Mixed-Function Oxidase
Inducers and Inhibitors. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Judith A. Graham, Daniel B. Menzel, Frederick J.
Miller Joseph W. Illing, and Donald E. Gardner. 21 Oct
81, 9p EPA-600/J-80-100
Pub in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 62,489-
4971982.
Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of
ozone in prolonging pentobarbital (PEN)-induced
sleeping time (ST.). Since ozone is a common air pol-
lutant, an ozone-induced alteration of mechanisms of
drug action could have public health implications. It
was shown that a 5-hr exposure to 1960 micrograms
ozone/cu. m. (1 ppm) caused an increased PEN-in-
duced S.T. in female mice (three strains), rats, and
hamsters. This response was not observed in male
rats or in male mice even when the latter were ex-
posed for 5 hr/day for 3 days. Male hamsters were af-
fected, but less so than females. These data are inter-
preted as a systemic effect of ozone on mechanisms
of the termination of action of pentobarbital.
Keywords: 'Sleep, 'Ozone, 'Pentobarbital, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Barbiturates, Mice, Rats, Hamsters, Laboratory
animals, Reprints.
December 1983 1349
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-247263 PC A02/MF A01
Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Early
Postnatal Exposure to Triethyltin In Rats. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lawrence W. Reiter, Glendora B. Heavner, Karen F.
Dean, and Patricia H. Ruppert. 2 Apr 81,10p EPA-
600/J-81-155
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v3
P285-2931981.
On day 5 of postnatal life, rat pups received a single in-
jection of triethyltin and were later tested for a variety
of developmental and adult behaviors. The results indi-
cate that a single exposure to TET in the developing
rat, unlike the adult, produces permanent alterations in
both brain and behavior. Acute postnatal exposure to
toxicants may have general applicability as a model for
developmental neurotoxicrty.
Keywords: Behavior, Rats, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Brain, Reprints, 'Stannane/triethyl, Neurotoxi-
crty.
PB82-247354 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Methodology for Overland and Instream Migration
and Risk Assessment of Pesticides. Final repL Apr
78-Jan80,
BatteHle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Y. Onishi, S. M. Brown, A. R. Olsen, M. A. Parkhurst,
and S. E. Wise. Apr 82,211 p EPA-600/3-82-024
Contract EPA-68-03-2613
See also PB-256 934.
To provide planners and decision makers in govern-
ment and industry with a sound basis for decision
making, the Chemical Migration and Risk Assessment
(CMBA) Methodology was developed to predict the
occurrence and duration of pesticide concentrations in
surface waters receiving runoff from agricultural lands
and to assess potential acute and chronic damages to
aquatic biota. The CMRA Methodology consists of
overland pesticide transport modeling, instream pesti-
cide transport modeling, statistical analysis of instream
pesticide concentrations, and risk assessment The
CMRA methodology uses the state-of-the-art overland
and instream models ARM and SERATRA to continu-
ously simulate nonpoint source pollution processes. It
is useful for evaluating both short and long-term migra-
tion and fate of both dissolved and paniculate pesti-
cides. The risk assessment procedure, coupled with
the statistical analysts of predicted instream pesticide
concentrations by the computer program FRANCO,
and pesticide toxicrty data provides a good scientific
basis for pesticide risk assessment Because of a lack
of extensive knowledge on pesticide toxkaty, however,
the risk assessment procedure includes only the dkect
effects of dissolved pesticide concentrations on aquat-
ic biota. The risk assessment does not include inges-
tion effects or any indirect effects such as btoconcerv-
tration and bkxnagnrfication. The methodology is gen-
eral enough to handle heavy metals, radtonudides,
and other toxic contaminants as wed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution. Risk, Trans-
port properties, Surface waters,
Conc»ntnrion(Cofnposr
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kathy S. Robinson, Robert J. Kavlock, Neil Chemotf,
and L Earl Gray. 6 Feb 81,13p EPA-600/J-81 -034
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8,
p489-5001981.
Rats were continuously exposed to 0, 25,100, or 400
ppm 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in the drinking
water, beginning with birth of the Fo generation and
continuing through weaning of the F2 generation.
These studies demonstrate that chronic or acute
doses of TCB can produce adrenal enlargement in
rats.
Keywords: *Potable water, 'Water pollution, Adrenal
gland, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Composition), Ingestion(Biology), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Physiological effects, Chloro-
benzenes, Reprints, *Benzene/trichloro.
PB82-247560 PC A02/MF A01
Accuracy of Pesticide Reference Standard Solu-
tions. Part I. Factors Affecting Organic Solvent
Evaporation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
David W. Hodgson, and Randall R. Watts. 4 Aug 81, 7p
EPA-600/J-81-090
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v65 n1 p89-93 1982.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.
A gravimetric experiment was undertaken to identify
the factors affecting solvent evaporation from analyti-
cal reference standard solutions and to establish the
magnitude of the resultant solvent evaporation. The
evaporation of organic solvent from standard solutions
is affected by: (1) solvent, (2) container type, (3) solu-
tion volume, and (4) storage temperature. Solvents
with low vapor pressure-to-surface tension ratios have
low evaporation rates. Screw-cap containers with pre-
cision-made caps and seals have the lowest evapora-
tion rates. The use of large-volume standard solutions
reduces the percent solvent loss. Storage at refrigera-
tor or freezer temperatures can reduce evaporation
rate by as much as a factor of 7.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic solvents, Air pollu-
tion, Evaporation, Storage, Reprints, 'Standard refer-
ence materials.
PB82-247594 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Environmental Implications of Changes In the
Bromtnated Chemicals Industry. Final rept,
Winder and Kelly, Eureka, CA.
Lawrence W. Margler. Apr 82,148p WK-81-069-A8H,
EPA-600/8-82-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3637
In light of the large-scale changes occuring within the
bromine-based chemicals industry, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency commissioned a study to in-
vestigate the potential for adverse environmental ef-
fects that might result from such changes. In particular,
EPA was interested in learning if the existing excess
capacity to produce bromine and ethylene dibromide
has or would stimulate the industry to seek alternative
uses for bromine that could result in new environmen-
tal concerns. To accomplish the objectives of the
study, an extensive literature review was conducted,
followed by personal contacts with knowledgeable in-
dividuals and by independent analysis. Our efforts
were concentrated on present and future markets, ex-
posure potential, and risk assessment. The study indi-
cates, in general, the environmental effects resulting
from changes in the industry are relatively minor or that
the potential problems have already been recognized
and are being addressed by EPA. However, several
areas do require further attention: the brominated
flame retardants industry, the effect of methyl bromide
on stratospheric ozone; the lack of carcinogenicrty and
food-residue data for methyl bromide; the environmen-
tal effects of bromine chloride utilization; chemicals
used for petroleum production; vinyl bromide risk as-
sessment; and thallium bromide optical fibers.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Bromine organic com-
pounds, 'Bromine inorganic compounds, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Risks, Exposure, Forecasting, Market-
ing.
PB82-247602 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Early Dlagenesls and Chemical Mass Transfer In
Lake Erie Sediments. Final rept.,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
Gerald Matisoff, J. Berton Fisher, and Wilbert Uck. Jul
81,197p EPA-600/3-81-046
GrantEPA-R-805716
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Santa
Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical and Environmental Engi-
neering.
Vertical profiles of pore water and sediment solids
chemistry were obtained from two sites in Lake Erie.
Samples were collected using both gravity coring and
pore water 'peeper' techniques. In general, concentra-
tions of nutrients and toxic metals in sediment solids
decreased with increasing depth. Comparison of pore
water 'peeper1 data to gravity core data showed that
'peeper' data provides higher resolution near the sedi-
ment-water interface. The thermodynamic tendency of
metal phosphate and carbonate mineral phases to
precipitate in Lake Erie sediments has been calculated
by means of an ion-pair model of the interstitial water
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Nutrients, Field tests,
Chemical equilibrium. Sediments, 'Sediment-water
interfaces, 'Lake Erie.
PB82-247610 PC A02/MF A01
Microwave Radiation (2450-MHz) Potentiates the
Lethal Effect of Endotoxln In Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Marie M. Riddle, Ralph J. Smialowicz, and Ronald R.
Rogers. 9 Jun 81, 8p EPA-600/J-81 -195
Pub. in Health Physics, v42 n3 p335-340 Mar 82.
Groups of male CBA/J mice were injected with Salmo-
nella typhimurium lipopotysaccharide (LPS) and irradi-
ated with 2450 MHz (CW) microwaves. High ambient
temperature (37C) also potentiated the lethal effect of
endotoxin. Microwave irradiation prior to LPS injection,
however, did not affect the lethal action of LPS.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Lipopo-
lysaccharides, Mice, Laboratory animals, Lethal
dosage, Reprints, 'Endotoxins, Salmonella typhimur-
ium.
PB82-247628 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Animal Investigation Program 1980 Annual
Report Nevada Test Site and Vicinity,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, D. E. Bemhardt, and K. R. Giles. Jul 82,
63p EPA-600/3-82-077
See also PB82-185448. Sponsored in part by Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC.
This report summarizes the data collected through the
Animal Investigation Program during 1980. A major
goal of the Program is to assess the radionuclide
burden in the tissues of wild and domesticaded ani-
mals around the Nevada Test Site and to detect patho-
logical effects resulting from the burdens. Other than
naturally occurring potassium-40, gamma emitting ra-
dionuclides were detected infrequently. Strontium-90
and plutonium concentrations in tissues from deer,
cattle, and desert bighorn sheep were similar to those
found in samples collected during recent years. Le-
sions found in necropsied animals were similar to
those found in animals from other areas of the U.S.
and would not be attributable to ionizing radiation ex-
posure. The report also describes other activities of
the program, including the deer migration study and
census.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Radiobiology, Sur-
veillance, Beef cattle, Wildlife, Pathology, Radiotele-
metry, Tissues(Biology), Fallout, Contamination,
Sheep, Plutonium, Strontium, Metals, Deer, Potassium
isotopes, Bioaccumulation, 'Nevada Test Site, Histo-
pathology.
PB82-247685 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
TSP Source Inventory Around Monitoring Sites in
Selected Urban Areas, Philadelphia.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
May 79,98p
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
EPA is developing an empirical model to relate ambi-
ent air quality to particulate emissions and land use in
the surrounding area. This receptor-oriented model will
be used for evaluating the effect of particulate control
measures on concentrations at individual sites in a
sampling network or for predicting air quality at a loca-
tion where there is no sampler. Several studies have
indicated that there is a statistically significant relation-
ship between particulate concentrations measured at
a high volume sampler and the emission density within
a limited radius surrounding that site. It is EPA's inten-
tion to improve the correlation observed for this basic
source/receptor relationship by accounting for some
or all of the following factors in the empirical model:
Distance to sources, direction of sources, differential
impact of point and area source emissions, sampler
and source heights, surrounding land use. By using
weighting factors for different emissions in the area
around the sampler, the model will build on the basic
relationship and attempt to increase its accuracy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, "Par-
ticles, 'Land use, Concentration(Composition), Sites,
Inventories, Tables(Data), 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
sampling, Point sources, Emission factors.
PB82-247925 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Analysis and Control of Mechanical Noise in Inter-
nal Combustion Engines. Final rept. Dec 77-Jun 82,
Cambridge Collaborative, Inc., MA.
Natan E. Parsons, Richard G. DeJong, and Jerome E.
Manning. Jul 82, 96p EPA-550/9-82-334
Contract EPA-68-01 -4737
This report reviews the state-of-the-art for internal
combustion engine noise reduction and presents new
techniques for reducing engine block vibration and ra-
diated noise. A vibration analysis technique based on
measured mobilities was developed as a diagnostic
tool for identifying noise sources and vibration trans-
mission paths. This technique makes it possible to
identify and rank order the sources of noise within the
engine. New design techniques using resilient bear-
ings and modified cylinders liners are also described.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Noise re-
duction, Technology assessment, Diesel engines,
Gasoline engines, Vibration, Noise pollution, 'Noise
sources, State of the art.
PB82-247982 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Response Artifact In the Measurement of Neuro-
leptte-lnduced Anhedonla. Journal article,
Salk Inst, San Diego, CA. Arthur Vining Davis Center
for Behavioral Neurobiology.
Aaron Ettenberg, George F. Koob, and Floyd E.
Bloom. C1981,6p EPA-600/J-81-577
Grant EPA-R-806777
Pub. in Science 213, p357-3591981.
Systematic administration of the neuroleptic drug
alpha-flupenthixol attenuated lever-pressing behavior
in rats responding for rewarding brain stimulation. The
magnitude of this attenuation was dose-dependent
ana resembled the effects of reward reduction and ter-
mination. However, when the operant response re-
quirements of the same rats were changed to nose
poking, identical drug treatments produced relatively
little attenuation in performance. These data do not
support the belief that neuroleptics produce a general
state of anhedonia. Rather, the apparent suppression
of reinforced behaviors depends at least in part on the
kinetic requirements of the response.
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Tranquilizer drugs, Psycrrothera-
peutic agents, Rats, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Be-
havior, Stimulation, Brain, Responses, Measurement,
Reprints, 'Anhedonia, Thioxanthenes, Flupenthixol.
PB82-247990 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
December 1983 1351
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amphetamine-, Scopolamine-, and Caffelne-ln-
duced Locomotor Activity Following 6-Hydroxy-
dopamlne Lesions of the MesoHmblc Dopamlne
System. Journal article,
Salk Inst, San Diego, CA. Arthur Vining Davis Center
for Behavioral Neurobiology.
Eileen M. Joyce, and George F. Koob. d 981, 5p EPA-
600/J-81-578
Grant EPA-R-806777
Pub. in Psychopharmacology 73, p311 -313 1981.
As previously reported, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
lesions to the region of the nucleus accumbens
blocked the locomotor activation induced by low doses
of d-amphetamine, and produced a supersensrtive lo-
comotor response to the dopamine (DA) agonist apo-
morphine. This same lesion, however, failed to block
the locomotor activation induced by scopolamine of
caffeine. These results suggest that scopolamine and
caffeine activate locomotion in the rat by acting inde-
pendently of presynaptjc terminals in the mesolimbic
DA system.
Keywords: 'Dope/nine, 'Amphetamines, •Scopola-
mine, 'Caffeine, Drugs, Rats, Laboratory animals, Tox-
icrty, Reprints, 'Locomotor activity, Lesions, Dopa-
mine/'hydroxy.
PS82-248006 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Respiratory Health of School Children In
Smelter Communities. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Coll. of Medicine.
Russell Dodge. 28 Mar 81, 8p EPA-600/J-80-396
Grant EPA-R-806348
Pub. in American Jnl. of Industrial Medicine 1, p359-
3641980.
This study compares the pulmonary function and prev-
alence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among
school children living in smelter towns and other com-
munities of Arizona. The rate of asthma was found to
be significantly higher in whites than Mexican-Ameri-
cans, although differences in related problems, such
as wheezing, were not significant When the subjects
were grouped by area of residence, the children living
in areas with relatively high paniculate levels had sig-
nificantly lower pulmonary function than children living
in areas with low paniculate levels. No relation be-
tween symptons or pulmonary function and sulfur diox-
ide levels observed.
Keywords; 'Respiratory diseases. 'Children, 'Air pol-
lution. Schools, Arizona, Asthma, Signs and symp-
toms. Sulfur dioxide, Reprints, Mexican Americans,
Particulates.
P882-24M14 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Hyperwtlvity andHypoactivtty Produced by Le-
sions to the MesoNmbte Dopamhie System- Jour-
nal article
Salk Inst, San Diego, CA. Arthur Vining Davis Center
for Behavioral Neurobiology.
George F. Koob, Luis Stinus, and Michel Le Moal.
C1981,21 p EPA-600/J-81 -579
Grant EPA-R-806777
Pub. in Behavioral Brain Research 3, p341-3591981.
Spontaneous locomotor activity and the locomotor re-
sponse to amphetamine and apomorphine were stud-
ied in rats subjected to either radiofrequency(RF), 6-
hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) of both RF and 6X3HDA
lesions of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.
Large 6-OHDA lesions of the ventral tegmental area
(VTA) or of the nucleus accumbens (N .Ace) produced
hypo-activity in the open field, a complete blockade of
the locomotor stimulating effects of D-amphetamine,
and a profound supersensitive response to apomor-
phine as measured by a significant increase in locomo-
tor activity as compared to sham-operated animals.
Keywords: 'Amphetamines, 'Dopamine, Drugs,
Amines, Responses, Rats, Laboratory animals, Radio
frequencies, Toxicrty, Reprints, 'Lesions, Locomotor
activity, 'Hyparactivity, 'Hypoacthrity.
PB82-248022 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Application of Factor Analysis to Source Ap-
portionment of Aerosol Mass. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Chung-King Liu, Bradley A. Roscoe, Kathryn G.
Sevenn, and Philip K. Hopke. 1981,7p EPA-600/J-82-
143
Grant EPA-68-02-3449
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association Jour-
nal 43, p314-318 May 82.
As part of the development of receptor models that
can be employed in air quality management, the appli-
cation of target transformation factor analysis (TTFA)
has been under active investigation. This method has
the advantage of requiring limited a priori knowledge of
the number or elemental composition of the sources
contributing to the observed airborne paniculate com-
position. The approach has been applied to aerosol
composition data taken from the Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) of St. Louis, MO. The fine fraction at site
108 near Granite City, Illinois for July and August 1976,
was examined in this study. In the data, secondary sul-
fate aerosol particles accounted for 48% of the mass
of the average sample. Motor vehicle emissions ac-
counted for another 29%. Flyash/soil, smelter, and an
unidentified source accounted for the remaining panic-
ulate mass.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Mass, 'Factor
analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sources, Exhaust emissions, Reprints, 'Target trans-
formation factor analysis, 'Air quality, Regional air pol-
lution study, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PM2-248030 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A Study of Persistent Elevated Pollution Episodes
in the Northeastern United States. Journal article,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., University City,
MO.
William M. Vaughan, Michael Chan, Bruce Cantrell,
and Francis Pooler. 1982,12p EPA-600/J-81-447
Pub. in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Socie-
ty, v63 n3 p258-266 Mar 82.
To examine chemical transformation within stagnant
air masses and the atmospheric processes acting
upon such air masses, the U.S.E.P.A. sponsored a
study in the summer of 1980 in the northeastern
United States. Ten research aircraft and several
mobile and stationary surface monitoring platforms
from three EPA contractors, seven federal agencies
and four universities participated in an intensive meas-
urement program between 16 July and 15 August
1980. Pollutants of interest included SO2, NO, NOx,
HC, O3, suffate, nitrate and aerosols in general. This
paper summarizes the activities of these research air-
craft The three aircraft and one helicopter operated by
the contractor team logged a total of 353 flight hours
during 100 missions in the program. Flights were made
from Columbus, Ohio to as far east as Laconia, New
Hampshire, as far south as Montgomery, Alabama, as
far west as Texarkana, Arkansas, and as far north as
Saginaw, Michigan. The flight patterns and data col-
lected for each mission are documented. This summa-
ry will allow scientists who are interested in this data
base to identify subsets of the data for model develop-
ment
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Aerial surveys, Monitoring,
Reprints, 'Northeast Region(United States).
PB82-248048 PC A02/ MF A01
Dose Response of Elastase-lnduced Emphysema
In Hamsters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
James A. Raub, Robert R. Mercer, Frederick J. Miller,
Judith A Graham, and John J. O'Neil. 26 Oct 81, Sp
EPA-600/J-81-332
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases 125,
0432-4351982.
Elastase-induced emhysema in hamsters was studied
using pulmonary function tests in an effort to develop
techniques for determining the effects of air pollutants
on the progression of this disease. It appears that as
little as 6 units of elastase produces mild emphysema
in hamsters, which is detectable by pulmonary function
testing. Of the tests, the DLCO and N2 slope were the
most effective in detecting the degree of impairment
Keywords: 'Emphysema, 'Respiratory diseases,
'Toxicology, Hamsters, Laboratory animals, Air pollu-
tion, Reprints, 'Pancreatopeptidase, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), Lung function tests.
PB82-248055 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ground-Level Concentrations Due to Fumigation
Into an Entraining Mixed Layer. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Atmospheric
Sciences.
J. W. Deardorff, and G. E. Willis. 27 May 81,14p EPA-
600/J-82-191
GrantEPA-R-805912
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n5p1159-1170
1982.
Laboratory measurements on fumigation into a con-
vectively mixed layer indicate how the near surface
concentration behaves with time. For two categories
of entrapment rate, slow and fast, the experiments in-
dicate how the ensemble-averaged concentration
near the surface reaches a greater maximum in less
time for the more rapid entrapment. For the two cate-
gories of entrainment studied, graphs are presented
showing how the maximum time-averaged near-sur-
face concentration in the horizontally homogeneous
situation depends on averaging time and upon the
angle between the wind velocity inside the mixed layer
and just above. In the steady lake-breeze situation the
maximum mean value found in the laboratory is an
upper limit to the maximum time-averaged value inland
of the shoreline because of the absence of down-
stream diffusion in the laboratory experiments.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Boundary layer,
Cpncentration(Composition), Laboratory equipment,
Diffusion, 'Fumigation, Numerical solution.
PB82-249103 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The Application of Decision Analysis to Toxic
Substances: Proposed Methodology and Two
Case Studies. Final rept. 1980-81,
Decision Focus, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
Gregory L Campbell, David Cohan, and D. Warner
North. Dec 81,465p EPA-560/4-82-003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6054
The research report investigates the use of decision
analysts as an aid to decisions on toxic substances
regulation. Part I of this report includes a literature
survey on decision analysis and related methods for
quantitative analysis and an exposition of the pro-
posed methodology. Parts II and III illustrate the deci-
sion analysis approach on two chemicals, perchlor-
oethylene (PCE) and di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).
The PCE case study illustrates how uncertainties in the
potential chronic health effects of a chemical may be
quantitatively described in a way that makes use of
bioassay data and scientific judgment on the extrapo-
lation of the dose response relationship from animals
to humans. The PCE analysis includes a comparison
of control options to workers, service users, and the
general public, showing the potential impact on health
for each group and comparing expected health bene-
fits to control costs. The value of better information to
resolve health effect uncertainties is computed and
compared to the cost of large-scale animal tests. The
DEHP analysis illustrates an economic analysis of reg-
ulatory costs based on interproduct substitution
among DEHP and competing plasticizers.
Keywords: 'Decision making, 'Regulations, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Reviews, Public health, Exposure,
Laboratory animals, Economic analysis, Risk, Method-
ology, Dry cleaning, Humans, 'Toxic Substance Con-
trol Act Ethylene/perchloro, Phthalic acid/bis(ethyl/
hexyl-ester), Risk analysis.
PB82-249137 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office Research and Development.
Environment Consequences of Wood and Other
Biomass Sources of Energy,
Coates (J.F.), Inc., Washington, DC.
Joseph F. Coates, Henry H. Hitchcock, and Lisa Heinz.
Apr 82,243p EPA-600/8-82-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3642
1352 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Current important researchg needs whose results will
be critical to EPA's mission in the next two to three
decades with regard to a major expansion in the use of
biomass, as an energy source are identified. Biomass
currently contributes about 2.4 quads or 3% to the
total national energy consumption of approximately 80
quads. There are no technological limitations of any
importance on a 2 to 6 fold expansion of biomass
energy to 5-15 quads over the next 20 to 30 years. The
most likely and promising candidate for immediate and
longer-range expansion in energy use is wood (5-10
quads) followed by agricultural and food processing
wastes and manures in substantially less quantities
(0.8-1.2 quads). Exploitation of grasses and crops
would comprise the remainder. The three big risks to
the environment and to human health from an expand-
ed use of woody biomass are: health risks from resi-
dential wood burning; toxic air pollution from biomass
derived methanol as automobile fuel; and broad scale
disruption of forest ecosystems. Primary and second-
ary research and research objectives are defined with
regard to these and other risks and opportunities.
Keywords: *Biomass, "Environmental surveys, Wood,
Public health, Ecology, Agricultural wastes. Food proc-
essing, Air pollution, Risks, Forecasting, Methyl alco-
hol, Manures, Solid wastes.
PB82-249145 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Effect* of Heavy Metals on the Differentiation of
Metabolic Pathways In the CNS. Final rept.,
Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA. School of Medicine.
John J. O'Neill, George van Rossum, and Leon
Salgonicoff. Jun 82, 71 p EPA-600/1-82-008
Contract EPA-68-03-2381
The effects of lead and organotin on brain and spinal
cord, liver or kidney in the developing or adult Spra-
gue-Dawley and Wistar rat strains were investigated.
Two concentrations of lead were present in drinking
water 200 parts per million or 600 parts per million as
lead in lead acetate. Blood and tissue lead levels were
also measured. Tissue slices prepared from kidney
cortex of animals exposed to 200 or 600 ppm lead
showed a respiration rate 15% less and ATP contents
which were 30% less when compared with corre-
sponding tissue from control animals. Lead treatment
in vivo was found to have no significant effect on the
ion and water contents of kidney cortex in contrast
with results obtained when lead was added in vitro.
The ability of kidney cortex slices to restore ion and
water contents after incubation at 1C was also unim-
paired after in vivo treatment.
Keywords: 'Central nervous system, 'Lead(Metal),
*Tin, 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Brain,
Spinal cord, Liver, Kidney,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Metals, In vitro
analysis, Metabolism, 'Heavy metals, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB82-249152 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Techniques for the Measurement of Aerosol
Carbon Content Final rept Jun 78-Mar 81,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Edward S. Macias. Oct 81,28p EPA-600/2-81 -237
Grant EPA-R-806005
The report describes two different techniques for total
and elemental carbon analysis developed under this
grant Both methods are totally instrumental, automat-
ed, and non-destructive. Total carbon is determined
using the gamma ray analysis of light elements
(GRALE) technique. This method involves the in-beam
measurement of Theta rays emitted during the inelas-
tic scattering of protons accelerated in a cyclotron.
Elemental carbon is determined by a light reflectance
method. Much of the analysis has been of aerosols de-
posited on low carbon glass and quartz filters. The ex-
tension of the method to Teflon fitters is also de-
scribed. An emission inventory for fine particle aerosol
carbon has been constructed for the Metropolitan Los
Angeles area and compared to the results of ambient
sampling. The relative contribution of primary and sec-
ondary carbon to urban aerosol has also been studied
in this project. The various portions of this work are
published in the open literature as indicated in the text
This report is intended to serve as a guide to that litera-
ture.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Aerosols, 'Chemical analysis,
Fines, Particles, Gamma ray spectroscopy, Urban
areas, Air pollution, Reflectance, Laboratory equip-
ment, Air filters, Sampling, 'Air pollution detection.
PB82-249160 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Conservation Tillage and Conventional Tillage: A
Comparative Assessment. Final rept. Oct 78-Dec
80,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Pierre Crosson. Apr 82,88p EPA-600/3-82-027
Grant EPA-R-8060236010
The objective of this study is to reach a judgment of
the amount of U.S. cropland likely to be in some form
of conservation tillage in 2010. The future spread of
conservation tillage will be conditioned primarily by
farmers' perceptions of its economic advantages rela-
tive to conventional tillage and by the society's percep-
tions of its advantages and disadvantages with respect
to the environment. Accordingly, the study first consid-
ers the economics of conservation tillage relative to
conventional tillage, examining differences between
the two technologies in the quantities of resources
used and in yields. The conclusion is that conservation
tillage typically uses less of certain resources and
more of others, but that on balance it requires 5 to 10
percent less expenditure per acre than conventional
tillage.
Keywords: 'Cultivation, 'Land use, 'Farms, 'United
States, Forecasting, Conservation, Area, Economic
factors, Yield, Soils, Expenses, Weed control, Water
supply, Environmental impacts, Trends, Erosion con-
trol, Soil conservation, Herbicides, Fertilizers,
Tables(Data), 'Conventional farming, Tillage.
PB82-249178 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Involatlle Sam-
ples. Final rept. Jul 76-Nov 78,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
Jean H. Futrell, Austin L. Wahrhaftig, and Lenore G.
Randall. May 82,214p EPA-600/3-82-061
Grant EPA-R-804335010
Almost every phase of environmental protection de-
pends on the ability to detect and analyze specific
chemical pollutants. Gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (GC/MS) has been shown to be widely appli-
cable for separation and analysis of volatile organics,
whereas liquid chromatography has been found to be
useful in separating, but not analyzing, non-volatile or-
ganics. This study investigated two approaches to de-
veloping an LC/MS system that would provide the
same ease and reliability for non-volatile analysis that
GC/MS does for volatile analysis. In one, the chroma-
tographic system was a high pressure liquid chromato-
graph (HPLC) with ultrasonic nebulizatton and the
other, a dense (supercritical) gas chromatograph. Nei-
ther an ultrasonic vaporization LC/MS nor a dense gas
chromatograph/mass spectrometer system provided
the required capabilities.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Design
criteria. Performance evaluation, Sampling, High per-
formance liquid chromatography, Liquid chromatogra-
phy.
PB82-249186 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Augmentation of Rne Particle Collection In the
EPxP Scrubber. Final rept Aug 77-Aug 80,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
Shui-Chow Yung, Toai Le, Ronald Patterson, and
Seymour Calvert May 82,137p EPA-600/7-82-044,,
IERL-RTP-1315
Contract EPA-68-02-3102
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The report gives results of a study of the A.P.T. elec-
trostatically augmented particle by particle (EPxP) dry
scrubber. It is analogous to a venturi scrubber except
that it uses relatively large solid particles (instead of
water drops) as collection centers for the fine particles
in the gas stream. It is a novel device for controlling
fine particle emissions at high temperatures and pres-
sures. Bench scale (0.5 ana 1.1 A cu m/min) and pilot
scale (4.8 A cu m/min) experiments were run at 20-
820 C to determine the performance characteristics of
the system. Experimental results show that the EPxP
dry scrubber can operate at high temperatures and
that its particle collection efficiency can be increased
by precharging the particles and by polarizing the solid
collectors. The report describes both the system and
the experimental results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Fines, Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, High temperature tests, High pressure tests,
EPxP Dry Scrubbers.
PB82-249194 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Usefulness of the Self-Fertilizing Cyprinodontld
Fish, 'Rlvulus marmoratus' as an Experimental
Animal In Studies Involving Carclnogenesls, Tera-
togenesis and Mutagenesls. Final rept. 26 Sep 77-
25Sep81,
Charleston Coll., SC. Grice Marine Biological Lab.
Christopher C. Koenig, Daniel C. Abel, Courtney W.
Klingensmith, and Michael B. Maddock. Jul 82,143p
EPA-600/3-82-075
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Rivulus marmoratus is a naturally self-fertilizing cyprin-
odontid fish inhabiting mangrove marshes throughout
the Caribbean. As a result of internal self-fertilization
this oviparous species is composed of a number of isc-
genic, homozygous lines (clones), several of which
have been identified by histocompatibility experiments
and maintained in laboratory culture for over 30 years.
Simplified culture and handling methods are given and
data are presented on the reproduction, growth and
development of rivulus under laboratory culture as a
prelude to the evaluation of its potential as a bioassay
animal. Several types of bioassays were run and evalu-
ated using rivulus: behavioral, carcinogenicity, terato-
genicity, toxicity, and mutagenicity. Advantages and
disadvantages of using rivulus for such bioassays are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Minnows, Bioassay,
Behavior, Laboratory animals, Caribbean Sea, Re-
search, *Carcinogenesis, 'Teratogenesis, 'Mutagene-
sis, 'Rivulus marmoratus, Medical research.
PB82-249202 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Chemical in the 'Clean' Troposphere. Interim
rept. 1979-80,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. B. Singh, L. J. Salas, and R. Stiles. Oct 81,57p EPA-
600/3-81-055
Grant EPA-R-806729
Atmospheric measurements at Point Arena, California
(39 N) are used to assess the burden as well as the
growth rates of a large number of important atmos-
pheric trace chemicals. In early 1981 the organic fluo-
rine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine burden of the north-
em hemisphere (midlatitudes) was determined to be
1.3 parts per billion (ppb), 3.7 ppb, 0.02 ppb, and less
than 0.003 ppb respectively. An increase of approxi-
mately 25 percent in the atmospheric burden of fluo-
rine and chlorine appears to have occurred over the
last three years. The dominant natural halocarbon,
methyl chloride, does not appear to show any detecta-
ble trends. Among the important man-made chemicals
such as methylene chloride, 1,2 dichloroethane, te-
trachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene, slightly de-
clining trends or change is evident.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Trace elements, 'Tropo-
sphere, Fluorine organic compounds, Chlorine organic
compounds, Bromine organic compounds, Iodine or-
ganic compounds, Concentration(Composrtion),
Trends, Halogen organic compounds, Chlorometh-
anes, Point Arena(California), Ethane/dichloro, Ethyl-
ene/tetrachloro, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB82-249236 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Diesel Technology: Impacts of Diesel-Powered
Light-Duty Vehicles.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1982,380p ISBN-0-309-03243-1
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-81125. Spon-
sored in part by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., Department of Energy, Washington,
December 1983 1353
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DC., and Department of Transportation, Washington,
DC.
The NRC was asked to evaluate the research and
public policy issues associated with the prospective
widespread use of diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
in the U.S. The NRC established a Diesel Impact Study
Committee that formed 4 panels to examine the tech-
nological, environmental, human health effect, and
public policy issues. The Technology Panel provided
the committee with a comprehensive discussion of the
boundaries of technology and engineering design that
might accomodate both fuel economy goals and re-
quirements for reduction of environment and health
hazards identified with the operation of diesel powered
cars. Diesel engines emit higher levels of paniculate
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), but lower levels of
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons than the conven-
tional catalyst-equipped gasoline engine.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Air pollution, Environ-
mental impacts, Technology assessment, Exhaust
emissions, Fuel consumption, Air pollution control
equipment, Noise reduction, Diesel fuels, 'Light duty
vehicles.
PB82-249244 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Drinking Water and Hearth: Volume 4. Final rept.
1980-82.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1982, 311p* ISBN-0-309-03198-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -3169
Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-089284. See
also Volume 3, PB82-117060.
The current study (Volume 4) identifies chemical and
biological contaminants associated with drinking water
distribution systems and the health implications of defi-
ciencies in those systems. Topics covered include
chemical effects and water quality, water treatment
chemicals, pipes and linings, biological effects and
water quality and implications for human health. It also
contains an evaluation of information on the toxicity of
selected inorganic and organic contaminants. Some of
them are reviewed for the first time in this report;
others were reviewed in earlier volumes of this series.
For the latter, discussions include only information that
has become available since the earlier reports.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Disinfection, 'Activated
carbon, 'Water treatment. Epidemiology, Risk, Estima-
tion, toxicity, Contaminants, Nutrition, Minerals,
Health risks, 'Drinking water. Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974, Public Law 93-523.
PB82-249269 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Uacrophage Damage In Relation to the Patho-
nenesis of Lung Diseases. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Joseph D. Brain. Apr 80,10p EPA-600/J-82-063
Grant EPA-R-805091
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v35 p21-
281980.
Pulmonary macrophages are important since their mi-
gratory patterns and behavior are often pivotal events
in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Alveolar
macrophages act to decrease the probability of parti-
cle penetration through epithelial barriers, and their
phagocyte and lytjc potentials provide most of the
known bactericidal properties of the lungs. Macro-
phages are also involved in immune responses and in
defense against neoplasms. Increased inert or infec-
tious particles stimulate the recruitment of additional
macrophages. Most free cells containing particles
eventually reach the airways and are quickly carried to
the pharynx and swallowed.
Keywords: 'Pathology, 'Respiratory diseases, Migra-
tions, Behavior, Reprints, 'Lung diseases, 'Macro-
phages, Immune responses.
PB82-249277 PC A02/MF A01
Does Iron or Heme Control Rat Hepatic Detta-
AmJnolevuUnic Add Synthetase Activity. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Kirk T. Kitchin, and Jackie Farmer. 5 Nov 81, 9p EPA-
600/J-81-331
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v103 n4 p1172-1178,31 Dec 81.
Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and/or al-
lylisopropylacetamide administration to rat pups did
not evoke a premature induction of hepatic d-aminole-
vulinic add synthetase. Administration of iron to adult
rats did not alter d-aminolevulinic acid synthetase ac-
tivity and had little inductive effect on home oxygenase
activity. Both heme and cobalt/dextran rapidly induced
microsomal heme oxygenase by 3-8 fold. Induction of
heme oxygenase by heme could be totally blocked by
concurrent administration of cyclo-heximide. These re-
sults argue against the hypothesis that iron is the phys-
iological mediator of d-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
activity.
Keywords: 'Iron, Rats, Laboratory animals, Nitrogen
organic compounds, Acetamide/allyt-isopropyl, Ethyl-
ene diamine/sodium-tetraacetate, 'Levulinic acid syn-
thetase/ amino, 'Oxygenases.
PB82-249285 PC A02/MF A01
Equalizing the Electric Field Intensity within Chick
Brain Immersed In Buffer Solution at Different
Carrier Frequencies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
William T. Joines, and Carl F. Blackman. 18 Sep 81, 4p
EPA-600/J-81-306
Pub. in Btoelectromagnetics 2, p411 -4131981.
Presented here are the numerical relationships be-
tween incident power densities that produce the same
average electric field intensity within a chick brain half
immersed in buffered saline solution and exposed to a
uniform electromagnetic field at carrier frequencies of
50,147, and 450 MHz. Calculations are based on mod-
eling the buffer solution as a spherical shell in air with
an inner concentric sphere of brain tissue. The results
support an earlier conclusion that calcium efflux re-
sults obtained at differt carrier frequencies are in
agreement when related by the electric field within the
brain.
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Electric fields, Buffers, Chickens,
Electromagnetic fields, Salt water, Calcium.
PB82-249293 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Benomyl on Reproduction In the Male
Rat Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Susan D. Carter, and John W. Laskey. 4 Nov 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-258
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 11, pB7-941982.
Adult Sorague-Dawley male rats (65 days of age) re-
ceived 10 daily treatments of 0, 200 or 400 mg beno-
myl/kg/day by gavage. Body weight, tissue weights,
total epididymal sperm counts and sperm concentra-
tion from the vas deferens were measured 14 days
after the last treatment. Testicular histology was evalu-
ated in the 0 and 400 mg/kg/day groups. Significant
findings included 35-48% depressions in the total epi-
didymal sperm counts and in the vas deferens sperm
concentrations in adult animals treated with 200 or 400
mg/kg/day. Histological evaluations of testicular sec-
tions from 6 adult animals in the 400 mg/kg/day group
indicated a slight to moderately severe hypospermato-
cytogenesis in 2 animals and a slight to severe gener-
alized hypospermatogenesis in 2 animals. Caudal epi-
didymis weights were significantly (P less than 0.05)
depressed with benomyl treatment No treatment ef-
fects were found in body weight, liver, kidney, tests, or
seminal vesicle weights.
Keywords: •Reproductjon(Biology), Carbamates, Fun-
gicide, Physiological effects, Males, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Ingestion(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Histology, Reprints,
'Benomyl.
PB82-249301 Not available NTIS
influence of Ozone on PentobarbttaHnduced
Sleeping Time hi Mice, Rats, and Hamsters. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Judith A. Graham, Daniel B. Menzel, Frederick J.
Miller, Joseph W. Illing, and Donald E. Gardner. c1981,
12pEPA-600/J-81-247
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 61, p64-
731981.
Prior studies have shown that ozone (O3) increases
pentobarbital (PEN)-induced sleeping time (S.T.) in
female mice, rats, and hamsters. To investigate some
potential mechanisms producing these effects, the au-
thors measured zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time
and thiopental- and hexobarbital-induced S.T., all of
which were prolonged significantly in mice following a
5-hr exposure to 1960 micrograms 03/cu m (1 ppm).
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sleep, 'Pentobarbital, Barbitu-
rates, Hypnotics and sedatives, Mice, Rats, Hamsters,
Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB82-249319 PC A02/MF A01
Species Susceptibility to Delayed Toxic Neuropa-
thy in Relation to In vivo Inhibition of Neurotoxlc
Esterase by Neurotoxlc Organophosphorus
Esters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Salah A. Soliman, Ralph Under, Jackie Farmer, and
August Curley. 30 Jun 81,11 p EPA-600/J-81-238
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9,
p189-197 1982.
Tri-o-cresy( phosphate (TOCP) and O-ethyl O-(4-cyan-
ophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate (cyanofenphos,
Surecide) were found to be delayed neurotoxicants.
The results suggest that the differences between
chickens and mice in susceptibility to neurotpxic or-
ganophosphates may be attributed to (1) inhibitor
specificity of NTE forms in the brain in these two differ-
ent animal species and/or (2) inability of the active me-
tabolites of these neurotoxic compounds to reach the
site of action.
Keywords: 'Esterase, 'Esters, Laboratory animals, In-
hibition, Tolerances(Physiology), Chickens, Mice,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Esters, Reprints,
'Phosphoric acid/(tricresyl-ester), 'Neurotoxins,
*Phosphonothioicacid/ethy)-(cyanophenyl)-phenyl.
PB82-249327 PC A02/MF A01
Lung and Uver Cell-Mediated Mutagenesis Sys-
tems: Specificities in the Activation of Chemical
Carcinogens. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert langenbach, Stephen Nesnow, AnnaTompa,
Ralph Gingell, and Charles Kuszynski. 22 Jun 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-217
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v2 n9 p851 -858 1981.
A liver and lung cell-mediated-V79 cell mutagenesis
system using intact cells as metabolic activation sys-
tems was employed to study the relative ability of cells
from these organs to activate chemical carcinogens.
Primary cultures of liver and lung cells from male Spra-
gue Dawley rats were used to metabolically activate
the chemicals and the mutation of Chinese Hamster
V79 cells to ouabain resistance used to detect muta-
genic intermediates.
Keywords: 'CellstBiqIogy), 'Carcinogens, Rats, In
vitro analysis, Lung, Liver, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis.
PB82-249335 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Deposition of Aerosol In the Respiratory Tract
Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Joseph D. Brain, and Peter A. Valberg. 1979,52p EPA-
600/J-82-068
Grant EPA-R-805091
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v120
p1325-1373 1979.Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
Depending on their size and activity, adult humans
breathe 10,000 to 20,000 L of air daily. Contaminating
particles enter the body in this volume of air and are
potentially hazardous. Exposure to myriad micro-orga-
nisms, smokes, dusts, allergens, and other toxic aero-
sols is a feature of everyday life. Moreover, the same
thinness, delicacy, and vast surface area that make
the air-blood barrier ideal for the rapid exchange of O2
1354 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and CO2, decrease its effectiveness as a barrier to de-
posited particles.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Respiratory tract, Contami-
nants, Particles, Exposure, Respiration, Reprints,
Toxic substances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB82-249343 PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Aspects of Groundwater Pollution. Jour-
nal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. P. Gerba, and J. F. McNabb. Jul 80, 6p EPA-600/J-
81-574
Pub. in ASM News, v47 n8 p326-329 1981.
Microbiology, as it relates to ground-water pollution,
can be divided into two distinct areas of interest the
fate and transport of pathogens, and the microbial
ecology of subsurface regions and the potential inter-
actions of microorganisms with chemical or microbial
pollutants. This article discusses the general state-of-
knowlsdge in these areas and presents some of the
difficulties in studying subsurface microbial ecology.
Determinations of the nature and extent of microbial
activity in the subsurface, the movement and fate of
pathogens, and the controlling environmental factors
are essential if ground-water quality is protected.
Keywords: *Water pollution, 'Microorganisms,
'Ground water, Ecology, Interactions, Bacteria, Vi-
ruses, Degradation, Reprints, Pathogens, Bioindica-
tors.
PB82-249350 PC A15/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of Stationary Source
NOx Control Technologies. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep
79,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
L R. Watertand, K. J. Lim, E. B. Higginbotham, R. M.
Evans, and H. B. Mason. May 82,339p 80-57/EE,
EPA-600/7-82-034
Contract EPA-68-02-2160
See also PB-279 083.
The report summarizes results of a 3-year evaluation
of combustion modification controls for emissions of
NOx and other pollutants from stationary combustion
sources. Results include field tests of gaseous, liquid,
and solid effluents from seven stationary sources; esti-
mates of environmental effects of using combustion
modification control; evaluation of NOx control reduc-
tion effectiveness, capital and operating costs, and
operational impact for several levels of control; projec-
tion of control technology needs to the year 2000 for
several scenarios of energy growth and environmental
regulations; and inventones of nationwide stationary
source emissions for major pollutants and emission
projections to the year 2000. Three utility boilers, two
industrial boilers, a gas turbine, and a low-emission
residential heating system were tested. The utility
boiler tests on two coal-fired systems and one oil-fired
boiler, showed NOx emission level reductions of 30-
43% using various combustion modification tech-
niques; however, the same tests showed that other
emissions were essentially unchanged. Similarly, tests
on the other types of equipment showed that modifica-
tions to reduce NOx left emissions of other species un-
changed or lower. In some cases, where emissions
were increased, the environmental effect was counter-
balanced by the beneficial effects of NO reduction.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, As-
sessments, Technology, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Revisions, Performance evaluation,
Regulations, Substitutes, Residential buildings, Gas
turbines, Boilers, Stationary sources.
PB82-249368 PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment and Implications of Bacterial Re-
growth in Water Distribution Systems. Final rept,
California Univ., Irvine.
Betty H. Olson. Jun 82,266p EPA-600/2-82-072
Grant EPA-805680-010
Two water distribution systems were studied over a 1-
year period. Temporal fluctuations in a number of
physical, chemical and biological parameters were ex-
amined. Total and pigmented bacterial counts, total
colifqrms, and fecal coliforms were determined at four
locations within each distribution system on a bimonth-
ly basis and on a monthly basis at source locations.
Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated bacteria
associated with pipe surfaces, and with about 1 to 17
percent of suspended particles in the untreated
groundwater system. Bacterial counts increased from
source to site locations in both distribution systems,
suggesting that regrowth occurred. The largest in-
creases were noted in the unchlorinated Garden
Grove System, but the magnitude of increases was
site dependent.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Water distribution, Potable
water, Growth, Microorganisms, Water pollution, Parti-
cles, Turbidity, Water quality, Drinking water, Patho-
gens.
PB82-249673 PC A09/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitatins
Guidelines and Standardsfor the Electrical and
Electronic Components: Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Jul 82,198p EPA-440/1-82/075B
A study of the Electrical and Electronic Components
Industrial Point Source Category was undertaken to
establish discharge limitations guidelines and stand-
ards. The industry was subcategorized into 21 seg-
ments based on product type. Several treatment and
control technologies applicable to the reduction of pol-
lutants generated by the manudacture of semiconduc-
tors and electronic crystals were evaluated, and the
costs of these technologies were estimated. Pollutant
concentrations achievable through the implementation
of these technologies were based on industry data and
transfer of technology assessments from industries
with similar waste characteristics.
Keywords: 'Electrical industry, 'Guidelines, 'Stand-
ards, 'Water pollution, Law enforcement, Regulations,
Cost analysis, Concentration(Composition), Industrial
wastes, Tables(Data), Water pollution control, 'Point
sources, Water pollution abatement, Best technology.
PB82-249889 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion of Oil Shale in Fluidized-Bed Com-
bustors: An Overview. Final rept May-Nov 81,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Douglas R. Roeck. May 82,67p EPA-600/7-82-045
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report gives an overview of the combustion of oil
shale in fluidized-bed combustors. Oil shale can be
combusted directly, or as a supplement to coal fuel,
and can function as an SO2 sorbent in atmospheric
fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC). Spent shale from re-
torting processes may provide for S02 sorption and
add some residual fuel value in AFBC. Commercial ap-
plications of direct combustion of oil shale in AFBC are
limited, and known to exist only in Estonia {Soviet
Union), China, and southern Germany. Pilot- and labo-
ratory-scale combustion of shale and coal/shale mix-
tures in AFBCs in the U.S. has been investigated. A
preliminary economic analysis indicates that substitut-
ing oil shale for limestone in an AFBC may have signifi-
cant cost advantages, especially where shale (or
spent shale) is readily available and at low cost.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Oil shale, 'Fluidized
bed processors, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sorbents, Eco-
nomic analysis.
PB82-249897 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling and Data Handling Methods for Inhala-
ble Paniculate Sampling. Final rept. Nov 78-Dec 80,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL.
Wallace B. Smith, Kenneth M. Cushing, Jean W.
Johnson, Christine T. Parsons, and Ashley D.
Williamson. May 82, 297pSORI-EAS-81-245R, EPA-
600/7-82-036
Contract EPA-68-02-3118
The report reviews the objectives of a research pro-
gram on sampling and measuring particles in the inha-
lable paniculate (IP) size range in emissions from sta-
tionary sources, and describes methods and equip-
ment required. A computer technique was developed
to analyze data on particle-size distributions of sam-
ples taken with cascade impactors from industrial
process streams. Research in sampling systems for IP
matter included concepts for maintaining isokinetic
sampling conditions, necessary for representative
sampling of the larger particles, while flowrates in the
particle-sizing device were constant. Laboratory stud-
ies were conducted to develop suitable IP sampling
systems with overall cut diameters of 15 micrometers
and conforming to a specified collection efficiency
curve. Collection efficiencies were similarly measured
for a horizontal elutriator. Design parameters were cal-
culated for horizontal elutriators to be used with impac-
tors, the EPA SASS train, and the EPA FAS train. Two
cyclone systems were designed and evaluated. Tests
on an Andersen Size Selective Inlet, a 15-micrometer
precollector for high-volume samplers, showed its per-
formance to be with the proposed limits for IP sam-
plers. A stack sampling system was designed in which
the aerosol is diluted in flow patterns and with mixing
times simulating those in stack plumes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Particle size distri-
bution, Sampling, Cyclone separators, Aerosols,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Stationary
sources, State of the art.
PB82-249905 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Stabilizers for the Control of Fugitive
Asbestos Emissions from Open Sources. Final
rept.,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Paul K. Ase, Roger Koch, and George Yamate. Apr 82,
63p EPA-600/2-82-063
Grant EPA-R-806269
Quarried serpentinite, recently found to contain asbes-
tos, is used to aggregate for surfacing secondary
roads. Emission concentrations of 0.6 x 10 to the 6th
power to 8 x 10 to the 6th power fibers/cu m were col-
lected 20 m downwind from a serpentinite surfaced
roadway. These levels are up to 55 times greater than
background levels and correspond to emission factors
of 34 x 10 to the 10th power to 370 x 10 to the 10th
power fibers/km-vehicle at a vehicular traffic speed of
13.4 m/sec (30 mph). Chemical treatments were
tested for controlling these asbestos emissions. Labo-
ratory tests were developed for screening fifty-one
candidate commercial materials. Four of the most
promising were field-tested. Asbestos emission fiber
count reductions of 80% to 90% were achieved with
chemical treatments at application rates ranging from
$0.08/sq m to $0.25/sq m. Comparable emission re-
ductions were demonstrated with traffic speeds re-
duced from 13.4 m/sec (30 mph) to 6.7 m/sec (15
mph).
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution, 'Chemical stabili-
zation, 'Paving, Roads, Concentration(Composition),
'Fugitive emissions, 'Chemical treatments.
PB82-249913 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environmental Consequences of Telematics:
Telecommunication, Computation, and Informa-
tion Technologies,
Coates (J.F.), Inc., Washington, DC.
Andrea Burgard Coolidge, Joseph F. Coates, Henry H.
Hitchcock, and Teresa Gorman. Apr 82,193p EPA-
600/8-82-018
Contract EPA-68-02-3667
Current important research needs whose results will
be critical to Environmental Protection Agency's mis-
sion in the next two to three decades with regard to a
major expansion in the use of telematics, i.e. telecom-
munications, computer, and information technology,
are identified. The potential benefits of telematics to
the economy, the environment, and to health and
safety are very large and numerous. Benefits will far
outweigh the potential social costs. Most of the bene-
fits of telematics are likely in the long run to be provid-
ed by the private sector. There are three classes of
meta-impacts which would result from the large-scale,
pervasive use of telematics in American society, each
of which could, in itself, have far more important envi-
ronmental impacts than any other effects. Primary and
secondary research needs are defined with regard to
these and other risks and opportunities.
December 1983 1355
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Telecommunication, * Environmental im-
pacts, 'Data processing, 'Information services, Pollu-
tion, Social effect, Human factors engineering, Benefit
cost analysis, Public health, Economic impact, Data
processing equipment, Communication networks, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Environmental health,
Research and development
PB82-250119 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
GuhMbws and Sample Training Workbook for
Pole* Enforcement of Noise Regulations. Training
workbook.
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Feb 80,59p JACKFAU-78-189-4, EPA/550/9-80/426
Contract EPA-68-01-4701
This document contains materials suitable for use in
training police officers to enforce noise control laws. It
consists of two courses, one to train officers in enforc-
ing their own specific laws and the second is designed
to train instructors at police academies and similar in-
stitutions, in conducting the first course. The materials
for these courses were culled from a wide selection of
taws and regulations enforced, of the procedures fol-
lowed in their enforcement, of the data and records
kept and problems that occurred.
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Law enforcement,
'Handbooks, Police, Education, Personnel develop-
ment Motor vehicles, Noise pollution, Transportation
noise, Acoustic measurement. Instructors, Instruc-
tions, Sound level meters, Guidelines, Instructional
materials, 'Noise levels.
PB82-250127 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Evaluation of a Simulated Road Texture for the
Testing of Tire/Road Noise. Interim rapt,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
Eric Stusnick, and Kenneth J. Ptotkin. Mar 82,84p WR-
82-3. EPA-550/9-82-332
Contract EPA-68-01 -6243
As part of a project to study tire/road noise, a laborato-
ry roadwheel facility was equipped with replica road
surfaces. The replica surfaces, of a design first devel-
oped by Duntop, Ltd., consisted of fiberglass and
epoxy resin shells clamped to the roadwheel. The
outer surface of each shell was molded from a rubber
impression taken from a real road surface, thus repli-
cating the texture. To evaluate the effect of pavement
texture, and to establish the realism of the replica sur-
faces, a series of near-field measurements of noise
from four heavy truck tires were made on the replica
surfaces and on moving tests on the real surfaces.
Moving tests on a flat steel surface were also made.
Data from these same tires on a smooth steel road-
wheel were available from a previous program.
Keywords: Tires, 'Pavements, *Noise(Sound), Field
tests. Acoustic measurement Surface roughness,
Data acquisition, Data reduction, Transportation noise,
Simulation, Tire pavement interactions. Noise levels.
PB82-250135 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Exposure of Chril Aircarrler Airplanes
Through the Year 2000. Vohane h Methods, Proce-
dures, Results. Final rapt Aug 77-Fab 79,
Wyte Labs. AVyte Research, Arlington, VA.
Carroll Bartel, and Louis C. Sutherland. Feb 79,140p
WR-78-11, EPA/550/9-79/313-A
Contract EPA-68-01-3514
See also Volume 1, PB82-250143.
This report presents results of an estimate of the na-
tional exposure to aircarrier aircraft noise through the
year 2000. The forecast was carried out to show the
effect of two types of noise abatement options. The
first consisted of modifications to FAR Part 36 pro-
posed to the Federal Aviation Administration (Notice
76-22) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
which would establish tower noise Smits for newly de-
signed aircraft in the years 1980 and 1985. The
second type consisted of alternative power cutback
procedures (FAA AC 91-39 and two variations of
ALPA/Northwest Airlines procedure) coupled with
minor variations on approach procedures.
Keywords: 'Aircraft noise, 'Noise reduction. Airports,
Noise pollution, Jet aircraft noise, Supersonic aircraft,
Predictions, 'Noise levels, 'Technology forecasting.
PB82-250143 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Exposure of Chril Aircarrier Airplanes
Through the Year 2000. Volume II: Appendices A
through F. Final rept. Aug 77-Feb 79,
Wyle Labs./Wyle Research, Arlington, VA.
Carroll Bartel, and Louis C. Sutherland. Feb 79,288p
WR-78-11, EPA/550/9-79/313-B
Contract EPA-68-01-3514
See also Volume 1, PB82-250135
This report presents results of an estimate of the na-
tional exposure to aircarrier aircraft noise through the
year 2000. The forecast was carried out to show the
effect of two types of noise abatement options. The
first consisted of modifications to FAR Part 36 pro-
posed to the Federal Aviation Administration (Notice
76-22) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
which would establish lower noise limits for newly de-
signed aircraft in the years 1980 and 1985. The
second type consisted of alternative power cutback
procedures (FAA AC 91-39 and two variations of
ALPA/Northwest Airlines procedure) coupled with
minor variations on approach procedures.
Keywords: 'Aircraft noise, 'Noise reduction, Airports,
Noise pollution, Jet aircraft noise, Supersonic aircraft,
Predictions, 'Noise levels, Technology forecasting.
PB82-250150 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Unified Set of Models for Tire/Road Noise Gen-
eration. Interim rept,
Wyte Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
Kenneth J. Plotkin, and Eric Stusnick. Jul 81,63p WR-
81-26, EPA-550/9-82-345
Contract EPA-68-01 -6243
A set of theoretical models has been prepared which
describes the noise generated by tire/road interaction.
The mechanisms considered are air pumping and car-
cass vibration. The models begin with a set of thin
shell equations describing the motion of the belt of a
radial ply tire, as derived by Bohm ('Mechanisms of the
Betted Tire', Ingeniur-Archiv, XXXV, 1966). Structural
quantities required for these equations are derived
from material properties of the tire. The rolling shape
of a tire is computed from the steady-state limit of
these equations. Air pumping (monopole radiation
from tread voids) is calculated by assuming that tread
elements move passively on the deformedtire. Vibra-
tional response of the tire is treated by the full time-de-
pendent shell equations. The force input at the tire/
road interface is calculated on the basis of tread ge-
ometry and distribution of contact patch pressure, this
input is physically equivalent to the impulse distribution
models widely used in the tire industry for tread pitch
randomization. Subsequent radiation of sound is cal-
culated by a Raleigh integral.
Keywords: 'Tires, 'Pavements, 'Noise(Sound),
'Mathematical models, Noise reduction, Equations of
motion, Vibration, Stiffness methods, Transportation
noise, Tire pavement interactions, Noise levels, Com-
puter applications.
PB82-250168 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Study of Soundproofing Requirements for Resi-
dences Adjacent to Commercial Airports. Final
rept,
Wyle Labs./Wyte Research, Arlington, VA.
Ben H. Sharp, Vijay K. Kohli, and Eric Stusnick. Aug 81,
98p WR-81-39, EPA/550/9-82/328
As part of an overall systems program being conduct-
ed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to ex-
amine options for the reduction of aircraft noise
impact this study was conducted to estimate the costs
of soundproofing dwellings within the Ldn 65 noise
contours at major U.S. commercial airports. The gdal
of the study is to achieve an interior sound level of Ldn
45 dB. The nation was divided into eleven regions,
each one incorporating areas of similar dwelling con-
struction. In this way, it was possible to specify the
noise reduction of dwellings on a regional basis, taking
local features into account. To determine the distribu-
tion of dwelling types in each region, and to obtain de-
tailed information on local dwelling characteristics that
affect noise reduction, field surveys were conducted at
one airport in each region. The airports surveyed were
selected on the basis that the local dwelling character-
istics were representative of the respective region. The
information obtained was used to identify the types of
modifications most suitable for soundproofing dwell-
ings in each region.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Noise pollution, 'Residential
buildings, 'Acoustic insulation, Aircraft noise, Noise re-
duction, Construction materials, Transportation noise,
Cost analysis, 'Noise levels.
PB82-250176 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Survey of Enforcement Practice with Respect
to Noise Control Requirements in Building Codes
In a Number of European Countries,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Theodore J. Schultz. Nov 76, 270p EPA/550/9-77/
400
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report introduces the problem of effective en-
forcement of noise control requirements in building
codes throughout Europe, examines in detail two ap-
proaches of special interest and finally proposes a new
approach to the endorsement of building code noise
requirements.
Keywords: 'Building codes, 'Noise reduction,
'Europe, Law enforcement, Regulations, Acoustic in-
sulation, Acoustic measurement, Noise pollution,
Acoustic properties, 'Foreign technology, 'Noise
levels.
PB82-250192 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Workbook for Operators of Small Bolters and In-
cinerators: A Self-Instructional Text on the Proper
Operation and Maintenance of Small Oil Fired
Bolters and Flue Fed Incinerators Based on New
York City Criteria,
Sage (David), Inc., New York.
David Sage, Mariland Ruppart, and C. George Segelar.
Mar 76,236p EPA-450/9-76-001
Contract EPA-68-02-0321
The report is a serf-instructional workbook on the
proper operation and maintenance of small oil fired
boilers and flue-fed incinerators. The intended audi-
ence is operators in large metropolitan areas. It is de-
signed to provide fundamentals necessary to pass city
certification examination. The learner is provided infor-
mation, questions, and correct answers.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Incinerators, 'Manuals, Mainte-
nance, Combustion efficiency, Flames, Air pollution,
Aptitude tests, Education, Operators(Personnel),
'Workbooks.
PB82-250234 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Human Population Exposures to Coke-Oven At-
mospheric Emissions. Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Center for Re-
source and Environmental Systems Studies.
Alan P. Carthi, and Joseph D. CirvellO. Oct 78,123p
Contracts EPA-68-01-4314, EPA-68-02-2835
There is a substantial body of evidence, both direct
and indirect, that the mixture that coke oven emissions
represent is carcinogenic and toxic. Current U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) policy states that
there is no zero risk level for carcinogens. To deter-
mine what regulatory action should be taken by EPA
on atmospheric emissions of coke ovens, three re-
ports have been prepared: (1) a health effects assess-
ment (2) a population exposure assessment, and (3) a
risk assessment document based on the data in the
first two assessments. This document is the human
population exposure assessment and presents esti-
mates of the number of people in the general popula-
tion of the United States exposed to atmospheric con-
centrations of coke ovens emissions. Estimates are
provided of population exposures to ambient concen-
1356 Vol. S3, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and benzene soluble
organics (BSD) material caused by coke oven emis-
sions. Illustrations and tables.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Coking, Carcinogens, As-
sessments, Exposure, Benzenes, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Public health, Benzopyrenes.
PB82-250259 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chromate Inhibition of Metabolism by Rat Trache-
al Explants. II. In vivo Exposures. Journal article,
California Primate Research Center, Davis.
J. A. Last, O. G. Raabe, P. F. Moore, and B. K.
Tarkington. Jun 82.12p EPA-600/J-82-206
Grant EPA-R-805355
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 47,
P313-3221979.
The authors have previously shown that incubation of
rat tracheal slices in tissue culture medium containing
0.4-2.6mm (mmol/liter) Na2Cr04 causes inhibition of
secretion of mucus glycoproteins by such explants. At
concentrations of Na2CrO4 of 0.27mm and above, the
inhibition of secretion rate could be correlated with
damage to the tracheal epithelium evaluated by histo-
pathologic observations. In the present study the au-
thors extend these findings by determination of the ef-
fects of Na2CrO4, administered to rats in vivo (for 24
hr) as an aerosol with a mass median aerodynamic di-
ameter of 1-2 micrometers at concentrations of 0.051
and 0.173 mmol/cu. m3, upon the previously evaluat-
ed parameters.
Keywords: 'Inhibitors, 'Metabolism, 'Trachea, 'Chro-
mates, Rats, Laboratory animals, In vivo analysis, Ex-
posure, Aerosols, Histopathology.
PB82-250606 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An Approach to the Study of Environmental Mi-
crobial Aerosols. Journal article,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
K. F. Fannin. 1981,14p EPA-600/J-81-575
Grant EPA-R-804864
Pub. in Wat Sci. Tech. (Toronto), v13 p1103-1114
1981.
Environmental microbial aerosols are formed by proc-
esses such as wastewater treatment. The significance
of these aerosols to human populations is dependent
upon the concentration and type of microorganisms
contained therein and upon the probability of suscepti-
ble population exposure to the infectious organisms.
An approach to the study of environmental microbial
aerosols to meet research objectives requires consid-
eration of the environmental conditions during the
study as well as assurance of quality throughout the
sample collection and assay procedures.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Microorganisms, 'Air pollution,
Instruments, Humans, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sewage treat-
ment, Reprints, Air sampling.
PB82-250614 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Composition of Glycoproteins Secreted by Tra-
cheal Explants from Various Animal Species. Jour-
nal article,
California Primate Research Center, Davis.
Tokio Kaizu, Sheila A. Lyons, Carroll E. Cross, Mark D.
Jennings, and Jerold A. Last. c1979,8p EPA-600/J-
82-207
Grant EPA-R-805355
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v62Bp195-2001979.
The acidic and neutral glycoproteins secreted by cul-
tured tracheal explants from pigs, sheep, rats, mice,
monkeys, guinea pigs, dogs, and chickens were puri-
fied and fractionated by column chromatography on
DEAE-cellulose and by electrophoresis on cellulose
acetate. The ratios of acidic to neutral mucus glycopro-
teins were compared for the above animals with that of
mucus glycoproteins secreted by cultured human
bronchi. The observed ratios of acidic to neutral glyco-
proteins ranged from 4.0 (mouse) to 7.2 (chicken and
pig) from cultured tracheae; secreted human bronchial
mucus had a ratio of 2.7. The ratio of acidic to neutral
glycoproteins secreted by tracheal explants varied
with duration of incubation of the trachea in culture.
Keywords: 'Glycoproteins, 'Trachea, Laboratory ani-
mals, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Humans,
Bronchi, Mucus, Reprints.
PB82-250622 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mucus Glycoprotein Secretion by Tracheal Ex-
plants: Effects of Pollutants. Journal article,
California Primate Research Center, Davis.
Jerold A. Last, and Tokio Kaizu. Jun 82,9p EPA-600/
J-82-208
Grant EPA-R-805355
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v35 p131-
1381980.
Tracheal slices incubated with radioactive precursors
in tissue culture medium. The authors have used anin
vitro approach, a combined method utilizing exposure
to pneumotoxins in vivo C9upled with quantitation of
mucus secretion rates in vitro, to study the effects of
inhaled pollutants on mucus biosynthesis by rat air-
ways. In addition, the authors have purified the mucus
glycoproteins secreted by rat tracheal explants in
order to determine putative structural changes that
might be the basis for the observed augmented secre-
tion rates after exposure of rats to H2SO4 aerosols in
combination with high ambient levels of ozone.
Keywords: 'Glycoproteins, 'Trachea, Air pollution,
Mucus, Culture media, Tissues(Biology), Rats, In vivo
analysis, In vitro analysis, Ozone, Reprints.
PB82-250721 PC A06/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Durham,
NC.
Atmospheric Emissions from Sulfuric Acid Manu-
facturing Processes.
Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc., Washing-
ton, DC.
1965,124p NAPCA-PUB-999-AP-13
This report has been prepared to provide reliable infor-
mation on atmospheric emissions from sulfuric acid
manufacturing plants and on methods and equipment
normally employed to limit these emissions to satisfac-
tory levels. Background information is included to
define the importance of the sulfuric acid industry in
the U.S. Basic characteristics of the industry are dis-
cussed, including growth rate in recent years, types of
raw materials used, end uses for the product, and the
number of producing establishments, i.e. manufactur-
ing sites, in existence during the past and at the
present time. Process descriptions are given for the
two processes in commercial use; the contact process
and the chamber process. The emission data repre-
sent results from approximately 12% of the present
number of establishments. Most of these data have
been gathered from production records of sulfuric acid
producers. The data also include results from several
stack-sampling programs conducted jointly during
1963 by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association and
the United States Public Health Service.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Sulfuric acid, *Air pol-
lution, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Plumes, Chimneys, Sampling, Air
pollution control.
PB82-250952 PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing:
Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
May 82,658p EPA-440/1 -82-061B
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the ore mining and dressing industry, for the
purpose of developing effluent limitations guidelines
for existing point sources and standards for perform-
ance new sources, to implement Sections 304, and
307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended in 1977 by the Clean Water Act P.L. 95-217.
Effluent limitations guidelines are set forth for the
degree of effluent reduction attainable through the ap-
plication of the best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) and the degree of effluent reduction
attainable through the application of the best available
technology economically achievable BAT which must
be achieved by existing point source sources. The
standards of performance for new sources are set for
the degree of effluent reduction which is achievable
through application of the best available demonstrated
control technology processes, operating methods, or
other alternatives. Supporting data and rationale for
development of the proposed effluent limitation guide-
lines and standards of performance are contained in
the report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Beneficiation,
'Mineral deposits, 'Mining, 'Guidelines, 'Standards,
Industrial wastes, Technology, Cost analysis, Law en-
forcement, 'Water pollution abatement, Best technol-
ogy, Point sources.
PB82-251091 PC A02/MF A01
A Computer-Controlled Vapor-Dilution Olfactome-
ter. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vernon A. Benignus, and James D. Prah. 13 Oct 80,8p
EPA-600/J-80-037
Pub. in Behavior Research Methods and Instrumenta-
tion, v12 n5 p535-540 1980.
A computer-controlled olfactometer with several inno-
vations leading to closer control over the stimulus pa-
rameters and minimization of nonolfactory cues is pre-
sented. A microcomputer is used to control the stimu-
lus duration and interstimulus interval. Electronic mass
flow controllers are employed to maintain close control
over the flow in the pure air line and the stimulus-bear-
ing line. Both humidity and temperature are closely
regulated. Using a nasal catheter, this stimulus deliv-
ery system coupled with velopharyngeal closure and
oral breathing permits accurate specification of the
quantity of stimulus material actually entering a sub-
ject's nares. The design is such that the computer pro-
gramming, patch panel interface, and threaded tubing
allow versatility in the type of olfactometric study that
can be conducted. This system is amenable for thresh-
old, electrophysiological, and sensory adaptation stud-
ies of olf action.
Keywords. Temperature, Humidity,
Stimulus(Psychophysiology), Reprints, 'Olfactometer,
Computer applications.
PB82-251257 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Regional Considerations in Worker Reentry. Jour-
nal article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL
Herbert N. Nigg, and James H. Stamper. 19 May 81,
17p EPA-600/J-82-209
Grant EPA-R-806474
Pub. in ACS Symposium Series, n182 p59-73 1982
Over 25 years ago workers recognized the adverse po-
tential of fieldworker exposure to pesticide residues.
Subsequent fieldworker acute organophosphate in-
toxications and resulting political pressure led to regu-
lations by the Occupational Health and Safety Admin-
istration and the Environmental Protection Agency.
These regulations and the worker reentry situation
have been the subject of reviews. In this article, these
reviews and conclusions will be discussed.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Regulations, Expo-
sure, Toxicology, Reviews, Farming, Reprints, 'Pesti-
cide residues, Occupational safety and health.
PB82-251265 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Growth and Dissipation of Pesticide Oxons. Jour-
nal article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL.
James H. Stamper, Herbert N. Nigg, and Wray
Wintertin. 18 Jul 81, 8p EPA-600/J-82-210
Grant EPA-R-806474
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 27, p512-517 1981.
Progress toward a solution to the worker reentry prob-
lem requires a method for predicting the conversion of
December 1983 1357
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
applied organophosphate pesticides to their oxon ana-
logs, together with subsequent oxon persistence. That
oxons are more toxic than their parent compound is
well known. For examle, paraoxon is ten times more
toxic intravenously and fifty-five times more toxic der-
malfy than the same amount of parathion (NABB et.al.
1966). In some regions of the United States, it is not
unusual for the oxon level to exceed that of the parent
at some point in the growth-decay process of the oxon
on the plant or soil surface.
Keywords: 'Phosphorous organic compounds, *l
trial hygiene, Predictions, Reprints, 'Pesticide
dues, Oxons.
Indus-
resi-
PB82-2S2933 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The Effect of Powered Activated Carbon In a Pe-
troleum Refinery Activated Sludge Treatment
System. Final rept 1 Jan 77-Sep 1 79,
Atlantic Richfiekt Co., Harvey, IL Harvey Technical
Center.
J. S. McBride, A. T. Knecfrt, S. A. Bevan, and D. J.
Muhlbaier. Jun 82,100p EPA-600/2-82-076
Grant EPA-R-804731
The purpose of this research program was to deter-
mine the effect of the addition of powdered activated
carbon (PAC) to refinery activated sludge systems.
Bench-scale and full-scale tests were performed. A
wide range of PAC concentrations and sludge ages
were evaluated. Bench-scale activated sludge sys-
tems were designed and constructed. The bench-
scale units were initially operated to determine the
conditions of the full-scale test Additional bench-scale
tests were performed to evaluate conditions impracti-
cal to meet during the full-scale testing. A moderate
enhancement of COD removal was observed. PAC ad-
dition had little effect upon the removal efficiency of
other contaminants or the toxicrty of undiluted ef-
fluents. An economic analysis of PAC addition was
performed.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge treatment, 'Activated
carbon treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Petrole-
um industry, Design, Industrial waste treatment, Refin-
eries, Laboratory equipment, Economics, Best tech-
nology.
PB82-2S2941 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Rapid-Infiltration System for Wastewater Renova-
tion and Beneficial Reuse. Final rept.
Science and Education Administration, Phoenix, AZ.
Water Conservation Lab.
Herman Bower, R. C. Rice, J. C. Lance, and R. G.
Gilbert. Sep 81,143p EPA-600/2-82-080
Prepared in cooperation with City of Phoenix Water
and Sewer Dept, Arizona.
A full scale rapid infiltration wastewater treatment
system consisting ol four basins averaging 89 x 465m.
The hydraulic loading of 90 m/year was achieved by
operating the basins in pairs with two weeks of wetting
and two weeks of drying when secondary effluent with
10-15 mg/l suspended solids was applied. The hy-
draulic loading was drastically reduced when the sus-
pended solids increased to 50-100 mg/l (mostly as
algae) following detention in a stabilization pond. The
renovated water typically contained 750 mg/l dis-
solved soHds, 0.9 mg/l suspended solids, 7 mg/l nitro-
gen (mostly nitrate), 0.25 mg/l phosphate-phosphorus,
20 fecal conform per 100 ml, 1 virus PFU per 1001 and
2 mg/l total organic carbon. The organic compounds
included trihakxnethanes, chlorinated aliphatic and ar-
omatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and plastictzers.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Ground water re-
charge, Organic compounds, 'Infiltration, 'Land dis-
posal.
PB82-2S2958 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
A Case Study of the Munde, Indiana Water Qual-
ity Control Program. Final rept Mar 78-Jan 81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shuttz. Jun 82,131p EPA-600/2-82-074
Grant EPA-R-805528
Detailed information about the establishment, adminis-
tration, and effectiveness of a water quality control
program currently being operated to serve the commu-
nity of Muncie, Indiana, population about 100,000, is
summarized by this project. The purpose of this case
study was to gather and publish information that could
be disseminated for use by other communities of simi-
lar size in establishing and conducting, or perhaps ex-
panding, their own water pollution control program. Im-
plementation of this program has greatly reduced the
heavy-metal concentrations in the sludge produced by
the treatment plant Additionally, revenues generated
from an industrial surcharge program averaged
$45,849 per year over a 6-year period. Approximately
one-third of the program's budget is chargeable to its
industrial monitoring and surcharge functions. There
are approximately 2500 communities nationwide with
publicly owned treatment works that are required to
establish and maintain an EPA-approved water pollu-
tion control program similar to the one reported in this
case study. It is likely that details of this report will ben-
efit other communities of similar size and characteris-
tics.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Indiana, Industrial
waste treatment, Sewage treatment,
'Muncie(lndiana), 'Water quality, Publicly owned
treatment works.
PB82-252966 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Review of the Massachusetts Vehicle Emissions
Test Equipment Final rept
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jan 82,73p EPA460/3-82-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3507
This report involved reviewing of the Massachusetts
draft computerized emission analyzer specification
and then developing a final equipment specification,
as well as specifications for a quality assurance (QA)
program, a recommended procurement schedule and
a set of proposal evaluation criteria. An overview of the
study objectives, methodology and results is provided.
Also included are three technical appendices contain-
ing documentation prepared during the course of the
study, final equipment specifications and recommend-
ed proposal evaluation procedures.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, Exhaust emissions, Automatic control equip-
ment Checkout equipment Quality assurance, Equip-
ment specifications, Massachusetts, Reviews, Air pol-
lution.
PB82-2S2974 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Guidance on Data Handling and Analysis In an In-
spectkHi/ltatrrtenance Program. Final rept
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Dec81,93pRAD-81-240-016-0713, EPA-460/3-82-
007
The report first discusses various uses of data in an I/
M program. Details are then presented on statistical
analysis and sampling techniques along with ways of
presenting the data. The report also contains a discus-
sion of data collection and handling techniques, includ-
ing provisions for quality control.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Data processing, Data acquisition, Sampling,
Statistical analysis, Quality assurance, Computer ap-
plications.
PB82-253535 PC A06/MF A01
HUSH Program (Barrier Component) Guidance
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Aug 81,114p' EPA-550/9-82-150
Topics addressed include a brief description of the na-
tion's growing highway noise problem, the effects of
nose on health and welfare and how to reduce noise
exposures in the proximity of highways. After discuss-
ing the problem easy methods or identifying noise-hot-
spots are discussed and methods to obtain relief are
elaborated upon. The cases when noise barriers are a
possible solution are stressed, and guidance is given
to initiate action. In addition, case histories and specif-
ic technical details are presented to assist those in
charge of planning and constructing barriers. The last
section contains a listing of probable noise hotspots
along interstate highways in standard metropolitan sta-
tistical areas over one million and aerial photos of se-
lected hotspots.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Transportation noise, 'Bar-
riers, Noise reduction, Stress(Physiology), Cost analy-
sis, Acoustic measurement, Citizen participation, Es-
thetic properties, 'Noise levels.
PB82-2S3725 PC A03/MF A01
Economic and Physical Impacts on Individual
Farm Management Units Under Alternative Man-
agement Scenarios in the Blue Creek Watershed,
Pike County, Illinois,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport Jul 82,41 p IEPA/WPC/82-005
This study is concerned with the effects of Resource
Management Systems upon the annual net production
value and soil erosion of individual land management
units under three different management conditions. In
comparison to the existing condition, the attainable
and future scenarios exhibited five major trends in
time. These five trends are: (1) an increase in the
number of negative annual net production value land
management units, (2) a significant increase in the
number of land management units with conservation
practices and some form of conservation tillage, (3) a
slight increase in rotation length, (4) no major land use
shifts between, and (5) a decrease in total erosion.
ADAPT a geo-based computer mapping and planning
system was used.
Keywords: 'Farm management, 'Agricultural econom-
ics, Mathematical models, Erosion, Soil conservation,
Cultivation, Farm crops, Economic impact Linear pro-
gramming. Operating costs, Illinois, Pike
County(lllinois), Computer aided mapping.
PB82-253949 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects of Land Treatment Microbiologi-
cal. Research rept. Oct 79-Apr81,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Norman Edward Kowal. May 82, 68p EPA-600/1-82-
007
The potential health effects arising from the land treat-
ment of wastewater are examined, and an appraisal of
these effects made. The agents, or pollutants, of con-
cern from a health effects viewpoint are divided into
the categories of pathogens and toxic substances.
Only the former are considered in this volume, the
latter to be discussed in a subsequent volume. The
pathogens include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and hel-
minths. These agents form the basis of the main sec-
tions of this report For each agent of concern the
types and levels commonly found in municipal
wastewater and the efficiency of preapplication treat-
ment (usually stabilization pond) are briefly reviewed.
There then follows a discussion of the levels, behavior,
and survival of the agent in the medium or route of po-
tential human exposure, i.e., aerosols, surface soil and
plants, subsurface soil and groundwater, and animals,
as appropriate. Infective dose, risk of infection, and ep-
idemiology are then briefly reviewed. Finally, conclu-
sions and research needs are presented.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Microorganisms, 'Contami-
nants, 'Water pollution, Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa,
Land, Treatment Pathogens, Toxic substances.
PB82-254046 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
FMd-to-Stream Transport of Agricultural Chemi-
cals and Sediment In an Iowa Watershed. Part I:
Data Base for Model Testing (1976-1978). Final
rept Jul 75-Dec 79,
Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment
Station, Ames.
H. P. Johnson, and J. L. Baker. Apr 82,577p EPA-600/
3-82-032
Grant EPA-R-804102
Data on the field-to-stream transport of sediment and
chemicals from an agricultural watershed were collect-
ed in a 3-year study to provide information for testing
and evaluating mathematical models under develop-
ment for predicting agricultural nonpoint source pollu-
1358 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion. These models are prepared as tools to evaluate
the effectiveness of different farm management prac-
tices in controlling losses of nutrients, pesticides, and
sediment in field drainage to receiving waters. In the
study, data were collected for small com, soybean,
and pasture fields; for two larger mixed-cover water-
sheds; and at three drainage-stream sites.
Keywords: "Sediment transport, *Water pollution.
Mathematical models, Farms, Drainage, Pesticides,
Nutrients, Com plants, Soybean plants, Sediments,
Losses, Pasture, Fertilizers, Runoff, Stream flow,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Iowa, 'Agricultural wa-
tersheds, Nonpoint sources.
PB82-2S4053 PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Nonvolatile Organics in Disinfected Wastewater
Effluents: Chemical Characterization and Mutage-
nidty, Rept for Jan 77-Mar 81,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
R. L Joltey, R. B. Gumming, N. E. Lee, L R. Lewis, and
J. E. Thompson. Mar 82,208p EPA-600/2-82-017
Principal objectives of this research program were to
examine the effects of disinfection by chlorine, ozone,
and ultraviolet light irradiation on nonvolatile organic
constituents in secondary effluents relative to chemi-
cal effects and formation of mutagenic substances. In
a comparative study of effluents from nine wastewater
treatment plants, it was determined that disinfection
with chlorine or ozone both destroys and produces
nonvolatile organic constituents including mutagenic
constituents. The chemical effects of disinfection by
uv-iiradiation were relatively slight although in one ef-
fluent, mutagenic constituents were eliminated by uv-
irradiation. The investigation utilized the following
methodology: concentration of effluents by lyophiliza-
tion; high-pressure liquid chrpmatographic (HPLC)
separation of nonvolatile organic constituents in efflu-
ent concentrates using uv-absorbance, cerate oxida-
tion, and fluorescence detection; bacterial mutagenic-
ity testing of concentrates and chrornatographic frac-
tions; identification and characterization of nonvolatile
organic constituents in mutagenic HPLC fractions. No
compounds known to be mutagens were identified in
the mutagenic HPLC fractions separated from the un-
disinfected, chlorinated and ozonated effluent concen-
trates. The mutagenic activity of the nonvolatile organ-
ic constituents in one chlorinated effluent concentrate
was not attributable to organic chloramines.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Disinfectants,
"Sewage treatment Industrial waste treatment. Or-
ganic compounds, Mutagens, Chemical properties,
Substitutes, Chlorination, Ozonation, Ultraviolet radi-
ation, Separation, High performance liquid chromatog-
raphy.
PB82-254079 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Modeling the Fate of Toxic Organic Materials In
Aquatic Environments. Final rept. Aug 76-Jan 81,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst, Troy, NY.
Richard A. Park, Christopher I. Connolly, James R.
Albanese, Lenore S. desceri, and George W.
Heitzman. Apr 82,180p EPA-600/3-82-028
Grant EPA-R-804820
Documentation is given for PEST, a dynamic simula-
tion model for evaluating the fate of toxic organic ma-
terials (TOM) in freshwater environments. PEST repre-
sents the time-varying concentration (in ppm) of a
given TOM in each of as many as 16 carrier compart-
ments; it also computes the percent distribution and
half life of the TOM in each of the carriers. Possible
carriers include phytoplankton, macrophytes, zoo-
plankton, waterbugs, zoobenthos, fish, paniculate or-
ganic matter, floating organic matter, clay, and water
(with TOM in the dissolved phase). PEST simulates
TOM degradation by hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis,
microbiar metabolism, and biotransformation by higher
organisms; it simulates TOM transfer by solution, vola-
tilization, sorption, absorption onto gills, consumption,
excretion, defecation, btodeposition, mortality, and
throughftow. These are subject to time-varying envi-
ronmental factors such as pH, temperature, dissolved
oxygen, wind, solar radiation, and biomass and condi-
tion of organisms. The model has been verified with
process-level laboratory data and with ecosystem-
level site data The site data for fish ponds in Missouri
and Israel and a reservoir in Iowa constitute prototype
data sets that can be used to evaluate other com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Organic compounds, Concentration(Cpmposition),
Fortran, Pesticides, Hydrolysis, Computerized simula-
tion, Computer programming, Missouri, Israel, Iowa,
"PEST models, "Path of pollutants, Toxic substances,
Numerical solution.
PB82-254087 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Petroleum Contamination: Quantification and Pas-
sive Tagging In Organisms and Sediments. Final
rept.,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
John W. Farrington, and Bruce W. Tripp. Mar 82,171 p
ERLN-X36,, EPA-600/3-82-012
Grant EPA-R-802724
A review of hydrocarbons in the marine environment is
presented with the goal of providing a background for
evaluating methods for the measurement of petroleum
pollution in marine organisms and sediments. Com-
parisons are made of extraction, isolation and meas-
urement procedures applied to hard shell clams (Mer-
cenaria mercenaria) and near shore and estuarine
sediments. Gas chrornatographic, gas chromatogra-
phic-mass spectrometric, and U.V.-fluorescence tech-
niques were used to analyze the hydrocarbons isolat-
ed by these procedures.
Keywords: "Oil pollution, "Petroleum products, "Sedi-
ments, "Marine microorganisms, "Chemical analysis,
Hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography, Water analysis,
Monitoring, Mass spectroscopy, Sampling, "Oil spills,
"Oil tagging, "Water pollution detection.
PB82-254152 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A Study of State Fee Systems for Hazardous
Waste Management Programs. Final rept.
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jul 82,111 p EPA/SW-956
Contract EPA-68-01 -5133
Review of state user fee laws and regulation for state
hazardous waste programs revealed that 20 states
have user fee regulations in place and six more are in
the process ces of being developed- Nine states are
collecting user fee revenues totaling greater than 50
percent of the state's required match for their Federal
hazardous waste program grant Issues in state devel-
opment and implementation of user fees for their haz-
ardous waste regulatory control programs are fea-
tured. Includes detailed case studies of seven fee
states. An appendix to the report briefly highlights the
13 other fee states. The report is not a guidance but a
reporting of state experience with hazardous waste
user fees to date.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Regulations,
"Fees, State government, Ohio, Louisiana, Missouri,
Kentucky, Wisconsin, California, New Jersey.
PB82-254269 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the National Conference on Land
Use Planning, Transportation Planning, and Air
Quality Management Held at North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill on November 13-15,1974,
Triangle Universities Consortium on Air Pollution,
Chapel Hill, NC.
Mayard M. Hufschmidt, and Asta C. Cooper. Nov 74,
232p
Contract EPA-68-02-1240
Sponsored in part by Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC.
This conference was held to improve communication
between those concerned with air quality management
and those concerned with land use and transportation
planning. The sessions are aimed at identifying the
major problems and issues that exist in fitting together
land use and transportation plans and policies with air
quality objectives and programs. There are sessions
dealing with the legal and policy setting situation, plan-
ning and air quality maintenance at the urban-metro-
politan scale, regional air quality management pro-
grams and information needed by land and transporta-
tion planners and managers.
Keywords: "Land use, "Meetings, Planning, Manage-
ment, Objectives, Policies, Urban areas, Regional
planning, Coordination, "Transportation planning, "Air
quality, Environmental protection.
PB82-254335 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mi.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Guidance on Quality Control for Inspection/Main-
tenance Programs. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
25 Jun 82,62p RAD-82-240-016-17-12, EPA-460/3-
82-006
This report provides guidance on the areas that need
to be addressed in a quality control plan and on recom-
mended quality control procedures that can be used in
the quality control program. This guidance is important
because of the emissions performance warranty provi-
sions. The following area discussed in this report in-
clude: (1) the quality control plan and procedures that
inspection facilities should be required to use to insure
that analyzers maintain accuracy. (2) the quality con-
trol procedures used to assure the test procedures are
performed correctly. (3) the quality control procedures
used during auditing by administrating agency person-
nel and (4) the importance and role of quality control
elements in providing overall quality assurance in the
Inspection/Maintenance program.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Inspection, "Mainte-
nance, "Quality control. Checkout equipment, Instruc-
tions, Guidelines, Quality assurance.
PB82-254699 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Noise Exposure Around Joint-Use Airports. Final
rept.,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Richard Burke, and Dwight E. Bishop. Dec 80,100p
BBN-4218, EPA-550/9-82-338
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report describes a study of present and future ex-
posures of people to noise from airports used by both
civilians and military aircraft and predicts how expo-
sure around these airports will be affected by increas-
ingly stringent aircraft noise regulations in the absence
of similar regulation of military aircraft.
Keywords: "Airports, "Noise pollution, Military aircraft.
General aviation aircraft, Commercial aircraft, Air traf-
fic, Noise reduction, Utilization, Joint operations, Urban
areas, "Noise exposure, "Noise levels, Computer ap-
plications.
PB82-254707 PC A11
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Guidance Manual for Police in State and Local
Noise Enforcement Procedures. Final rept.,
International Brotherhood of Police Officers, Boston,
MA.
1981,228p EPA-550/9-82-429
Grant EPA-T-901113
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This guidance manual for state and local police offi-
cers and law enforcement personnel was prepared for
the Office of Noise Abatement and Control of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency as
part of its mandate under the Noise Control Act. The
purpose of the manual is to provide law enforcement
personnel with the necessary technical skills to en-
force State and Local Motor Vehicle Noise Laws. The
proper enforcement of motor vehicle noise violations
requires the noise enforcement officer to develop spe-
cific technical skills, both in the use of noise measuring
equipment as well as in the application of police prac-
tice to noise enforcement. This manual has been writ-
ten for use both by the police officer. Each section of
the manual corresponds to the modules of the Police
Noise Enforcement Program as developed by the
International Brotherhood of Police Officers. An In-
structor's guide is provided for each module.
Keywords: "Noise reduction, "Law enforcement,
Guidelines, Police, State government, Local govern-
ment, Sound level meters, Motorcycles, Trucks,
"Transportation noise, Noise Control Act of 1978.
December 1983 1359
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-2S4715 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
RaHyard Noise Exposure Model (RYNEM).
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan B2,269p-in 3v
Set includes PB82-254723 through PB82-254749.
No abstract available.
PB82-254723 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Rattyard Noise Exposure Model (RYNEM). Volume
1. Description of RYNEM Model. Final rept.
Energy Resources Co., Inc.. Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,105p EPA/550/9-82-202-A
Contract EPA-68-01 -6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-254731.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
254715.
This volume presents an overview of the RYNEM
model. The basic philosophy of the model is discussed
and the relevant equations used in the computations
are presented. This volume is written for those who
need to know what the model is like. It does not go into
detail of how each computation is done in the program,
nor does it teach the user how to run the model. It pre-
supposes some familiarity with the EPA noise terminol-
ogy, as is covered by the 'EPA Levels' document. The
reader is advised to peruse the Railroad Background
document for other terminology used without explana-
tion.
Keywords: 'Railroads. 'Noise pollution, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Railroad terminals, Noise(Sound), Data
acquisition, Benefit cost analysis. Computer program-
ming, User needs, Fortran, 'Computer applications,
'Noise sources, 'Noise levels, RYNEM computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB82-254731 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Rattyard Noise Exposure Model (RYNEM). Volume
2. RYNEM User Manual Final rept
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,64p EPA/550/9-82-202-B
Contract EPA-68-01 -6093
See also Volume 2, PB62-254723 and Volume 3,
PB82-254749.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
254715.
This volume presents a cookbook approach to the
execution of the RYNEM model. Its intended audience
is those who will exercise the model. It assumes famili-
arity with Volume 1,i.e., the user knows the quantities
he inputs, and he knows the quantities printed out. For
obvious reasons, the explanations incorporated in
Volume 1 are not repeated. While it does not presume
expertise with the EPA IBM computer system, it does
assume the user can follow the instructions presented
in this volume to the letter.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Mathemati-
cal models. Railroad terminals, Noise(Sound), Data
acquisition. Computer programming, User needs, For-
tran, 'Computer applications, 'Noise sources, 'Noise
levels, RYNEM computer program, Fortran 4 program-
ming language, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB82-254749 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
RaByard Noise Exposure Model (RYNEM). Volume
3. RYNEM Programming ManuaL
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82, lOOp EPA/550/9-82-202-C
Contract EPA-66-01 -6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-254731.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC 99, PB82-254715.
This volume describes the structure of the RYNEM
and the model's program source code. It is not meant
to teach the reader how to run the program. Execution
of the model is described in Volume 2. It assumes the
reader has digested the contents of Volume 1. The in-
tended audience is the programmer who needs to
maintain the program and make changes to the source
code. A strong knowledge of standard IBM FORTRAN
FV language is assumed.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Railroad terminals, Noise(Sound), Data
acquisition, Computer programs. User needs, Fortran,
'Computer applications, 'Noise sources, 'Noise
levels, RYNEM computer program, Fortran 4 program-
ming language, Programming manuals.
PB82-254756 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Users Manual and Program Guide for the Con-
sumer Product Noise Impact Model. Final rept,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. L Bronsdon, and C. E. Waldman. Dec 81,188p
BBN-4510, EPA-550/9-81-250
Contract EPA-68-01-3988
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Consumer Product Noise Impact Model (CPNIM)
was written to assess the impact of noise from con-
sumer products on the public. Two versions of this pro-
gram have been provided. The first, and easiest to op-
erate, is interactive in nature and is designed to be op-
erated by a person possessing virtually no computer
skills. It operates in the Time Sharing mode as op-
posed to the 'Batch' mode and is, as such, more ex-
pensive to run, but the extent of the user's knowledge
of the programs workings is limited to how to start the
program. The second version is designed to operate in
the Batch mode. To operate this version the user must
be capable of using the terminal to build files for input
data and submitting a batch job for execution. All steps
are carefully explained in this manual but some knowl-
edge of computing systems is helpful. Because of the
Batch operation, this version is much less expensive to
run, but the turn around time will be longer.
Keywords: 'Noise pollution, 'Environmental impacts,
Computer programs, Fortran, 'User
manuals(Compifter programs), 'Consumer products.
PB82-255050 PC A03/MF A01
A Review and Evaluation of Human Genetic Bio-
assay Data for Some Known, Probable, and Un-
classified Human Carcinogens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Michael D. Waters, Neil E. Garrett, Christine M.
Covone-de Serres, Barry E. Howard, and H. Frank
Stack. Aug 82,36p EPA-600/D-82-315
The purpose of this paper is to review and to evaluate
a subset of data base described by Waters et al. This
data subset deals specifically with the application of
genetic bioassys utilizing human cells, tissues, and
body fluids.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, Re-
views, Evaluation, Humans, Genetics, Cells(BJology),
Tissues(Biology), Body fluids, Deoxyribonudeic add,
Chromosome abnormalities, In vivo analysis, In vitro
analysis, Computer applications, Genotoxic agents.
PB82-255126 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Function and Bronchial Reactivity in
Human Subjects wtth Exposure to Ozone and
Respirable Sulfurlc Add Aerosol Final rept. Nov
76-Jun 80,
Maryland Univ., Baltimore. School of Medicine.
Thomas J. Kulle. H. David Kerr, Bernard P. Farrell,
Larry R. Sauder, and David L Swift Jul 82,44p EPA/
600/1-82-012
Grant EPA-R-803804
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ.,
Baltimore, MD. Dept of Environmental Health Scienc-
es.
A three-year research study was conducted investigat-
ing the effects of individual and sequential exposures
to ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol on pulmonary func-
tion and bronchial reactivity in human subjects. PHASE
I: In healthy smokers and nonsmokers exposed for 4
hours to 98 micrograms/cu. m 0.14 micrometers
H2SO4 aerosol, no significant changes in pulmonary
function (FVC, FEV1, FEV3, SGaw, FRC, SBNER,
Phase IV, CL stat, CL dyn. RL) were observed with ex-
posure or 24 hours post-exposure. PHASE II: The
effect of 0.3 ppm O3 on a subsequent exposure to 100
micrograms/cu. m, 0.13 micrometers H2SO4 aerosol
was studied in nonsmoking subjects to determine if
pre-exposure to O3 would sensitize these individuals
to H2SO4 aerosol. Two-hour O3 and 4-hour H2SO4
exposures were empolyed. Pulmonary function (FVC,
FEV1, FEV3, SGaw, FRC) and bronchial reactivity to
methacholine were measured following single and se-
quential exposures. No significant changes in pulmo-
nary function were observed with the exposures. No
significant increase in bronchial reactivity occurred
with any exposure, although a nearly significant de-
crease resulted following the single H2SO4 exposure.
The authors conclude no decrement in function occurs
with exposure to respirable H2SO4 aerosol individually
or when preceded by O.3 ppm O3.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Bronchi, 'Respira-
tory system, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Air pollution,
Humans, Aerosols, Smoking, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Cigarette smoking.
PB82-255142 PC A13/MF A01
208 Planning In Illinois for Federal Funding Years
1977 through 1981. Final rept,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Wendy Blake Coleman, and William A. Sullivan. Jun
82,300p* IEPA/WPC/82-003
The report contains an abstract for all FY1977 through
FY 1981 projects completed under the Illinois 208
Water Quality Management Planning Program. The ab-
stracts are organized by eleven program categories
and are subdivided by Planning Agency. The eleven
categories are: Agricultural Nonpoint Sources; Urban
stormwater/construction erosion management; Hy-
drologic modifications; Residual wastes; Oil field brine;
Point sources and on-site systems; Implementation
oriented projects; Special water resources: Ground-
water; Special water resources: Lakes; Water quality
standards review program; Miscellaneous other plan-
ning projects.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Regional planning, Abstracts, Ground
water, Lakes, Soil erosion, Urban planning, Limnology,
Brines, Ground water, Standards, Stream flow, Fishes,
Toxicity, Sediments, Sewage disposal, Illinois, 'Agri-
cultural watersheds, Nonpoint sources, 'Storm water
runoff, Best management practices.
PB82-255316 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Demonstration of Irrigation Return Flow Water
Quality Control In the Mesflla Valley, New Mexico.
Final rept,
New Mexico Water Resources Research Inst, Las
Cruces.
Robert R. Lansford, Peter J. Wierenga, Theodore W.
Sammis, and Bobby J. Creel, Jun 82,157p EPA-600/
2-82-071
Grant EPA-S-803565
A 182-ha operating farm was used to demonstrate the
water pollution control benefits of implementing im-
proved irrigation management techniques and struc-
tures. The commodity crops produced on the farm in-
cluded wheat, tomatoes, cotton, lettuce, peppers,
chiles, grain sorghum, and alfalfa. Improved water
management in furrow, sprinkle, and trickle irrigation
methods were evaluated. Economic analyses of alter-
native management practices were made for Mesilla
Valley based on results from the demonstration farm.
The use of irrigation scheduling could reduce irrigation
return flows by 30 to 36% and salt loading by 38,000-
42,000 tons annually. A combination of irrigation
scheduling, sprinkler irrigation for germination and
furrow irrigation for production gave the highest net re-
turns to land and risk of all combinations assessed.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution. Irrigation
canals, Scheduling, Farm crops, Wheat plants. Grain
sorghum plants, Vegetables, Forage crops. Canal lin-
ings, Salinity, Cost analysis, Sprinkler irrigation, New
Mexico, Mesilla Valley, 'Return flow, Trickle irrigation.
PB82-2SS324 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Ken- Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluating Furrow Irrigation Systems for Regional
Water Quality Planning. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
1360 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wynn R. Walker, and Gaylord V. Skogerboe. Jun 82,
127pEPA-600/2-82-078
Grant EPA-R-805811
Field evaluations of furrow irrigation practices at three
Colorado locations were made during the 1979 irriga-
tion season to develop a comprehensive data base.
From these data, alternative field evaluation proce-
dures were investigated as to the relationships be-
tween cost and accuracy. A simulation model based
on traditional volume balance concepts was pro-
grammed and calibrated with the data base in order to
evaluate if the relationships among furrow irrigation
variables could be identified enroute to a general anal-
ysis of the effectiveness of improved practices on irri-
gation efficiency. Analysis of spatial and temporal field
variabilities indicate large errors in estimating the irri-
gation efficiency of a furrow irrigation system unless
field testing is comprehensive. Testing needs to in-
clude the first water application each season and at
least three subsequent irrigations to yield representa-
tive results. Further, at least six individual furrows
across the field should be studied.
Keywords: 'Irrigation, "Water pollution, Salinity, Math-
ematical models, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
Volume, Percolation, Cost effectiveness, Colorado,
'Furrow irrigation, 'Return flow, 'Irrigation efficiency,
Nonpoint sources.
PB82-255357 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Controlling Sediment and Nutrient Losses from
Pacific Northwest Irrigated Areas. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
B. L McNeal, N. K. Whittlesey, and V. F. Obersinner.
Jun 81,206p EPA-600/2-81 -090
Grant EPA-R-805037
General cropping pattern information has been assem-
bled for major irrigated physiographic regions of Wash-
ington, Oregon, and Idaho, including irrigation system
data and soil survey and land class information. Data
have been assembled on physical factors leading to
sediment and nutrient {phosphorus and nitrogen)
losses from irrigated croplands, on methods of charac-
terizing water application to and losses from such
croplands, and on the economic techniques and/or
factors for assessing the costs of selected pollution
abatement practices. The report documents and com-
pares many sources of information related to the esti-
mation of sediment and nutrient losses. A method is
proposed for measuring sediment (with associated
phosphorus) and nitrogen losses from Pacific North-
west irrigated croplands.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Water pollution control, 'Irriga-
tion, Sediments, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Losses, Farm
crops, Leaching, Percolation, Potatoes, Idaho,
Oregon, 'Return flow. Pacific Northwest
Region(United States).
PB82-255365 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Collection and Treatment of Wastewater Generat-
ed by Pesticide Applicators. Final rept,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
K. F. Whittaker, J. C. Nye, R. F. Wukash, R. J. Squires,
and A. C. York. Mar 82,110p EPA-600/2-82-028
Grant EPA-R-805466
Prepared in cooperation with Indinan Aeronautic Com-
mission, Indianapolis.
Methods for control of pesticide contaminated
wastewater were studied. Evaluation of practices that
are currently used to handle pesticide contaminated
wastewaters was followed by development of a
system that could be used to collect the pesticide con-
taminated wastewaters. Then a treatment plant was
developed to remove pesticide from contaminated
wastewaters and produce a high-quality effluent
Three physical-chemical treatment options were eval-
uated. A flocculation/coagulation/sedimentation step
was evaluated using alum as the coagulant Additional
studies were done using filtration and coalescence.
FTocculation/coagulation/sedirrientation removed a
high percentage of the pesticides. The filtration and
coalescence steps were less effective. The superna-
tant from the first step was then passed through acti-
vated carbon columns. A hydraulic loading rate of .5L/
s-sq m was determined to be adequate with a resi-
dence time of approximately 15 minutes. The concen-
tration of the pesticides in the clear effluent was usual-
ly less than 1 mg/liter.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution control, Floc-
culation, Coagulation, Sedimentation, Filtration, Per-
formance evaluation, Coalescing, 'Physical chemical
treatment
PB82-255381 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Tomato Cleaning and Water Recycle. Final rept. Jul
74-Mar 77,
National Food Processors Association, Berkeley, CA.
Waller W. Rose. Apr 82,106p EPA-600/2-82-059
Grant EPA-S-803251
A full-scale dump tank water recycle system was de-
veloped and demonstrated. A false bottom-ejector
transport system removed soil from the water. Clarified
water was either recycled back to the dump tank or
discharged to the sewer. A vacuum belt was devel-
oped for dewatering the mud prior to final disposal.
Two types of rubber disc machines were evaluated for
the cleaning of tomatoes. Both were found to be effec-
tive in cleaning the tomato surfaces using minimal
amounts of water.
Keywords: 'Tomatoes, 'Cleaning, 'Waste water
reuse, 'Canneries, Design, Soils, Vacuum filtration,
Concentrators, Dewatenng, Cleaners, Mechanical
guides. Mud, Tanks(Containers), Cost analysis, Flow
charting, Circulation, Flocculating, Effectiveness.
PB82-255407 PC A02/MF A01
Decrements In Olfactory Sensitivity Due to Ozone
Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
James D. Prah, and Vemon A. Benignus. 8 Feb 79,4p
EPA-600/J-79-144
Pub. in Perceptual and Motor Skills 48, p317-318
1979.
Approximate olfactory thresholds were determined in
an exploratory study in which subjects were exposed
to ozone (O3). The odorants were butyl alcohol (BA)
and acetic acid (AA). Preliminary data suggest (1) tem-
porary increases in thresholds due to O3 exposure, (2)
diminution of 03 effects with repeated exposures, and
(3) greater and more reliable effects for BA than for
AA.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Olfactory organs, 'Sensitivity,
Exposure, Butanols, Acetic acid,
Thresholds(Perception), Reprints.
PB82-255415 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Nitrates in Groundwater Resulting from Manure
Applications to Irrigated Croplands,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Wynn R. Walker, and Bruce E. Kroeker. Jun 82,94p
EPA-600/2-82-079
Grant EPA-R-804827
Field data were collected from experimental plots lo-
cated near Grand Junction Colorado. Data collections
were designed to provide a sufficiently broad range of
conditions such that a simulation model could be veri-
fied. The experimental plots were planted to com and
were furrow irrigated. The basic management prac-
tices investigated were irrigation frequency, irrigation
efficiency, and manure loading rate. Climatological
conditions, soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration,
and irrigation system performance were measured in
the field. Soil samples and percolation water collected
immediately beneath the crop root zone were analyzed
for various nitrogen species, total organic carbon, and
common salinity cations and antons. Model simula-
tions were run for a wide range of typical Grand Junc-
tion conditions to evaluate the effect of irrigation and
animal manure utilization practices on nitrate move-
ment to groundwater.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Water
pollution, 'Irrigation, Mathematical models, Waste dis-
posal, Animal husbandry, Agricultural wastes, Soil
moisture, Percolation, Climatology, Evapotranspira-
tion, Nitrogen, Carbon compounds, Colorado, 'Irriga-
tion efficiency, 'Manure, Path of pollutants.
PB82-255514 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Assessments of Future Environmental Trends
and Problems of Increased Use, Recycling, and
Combustion of Fiber-Reinforced, Plastic and
Metal Composite Materials. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
George Provenzano. 14 Jul 82,266p* EPA/600/8-82/
019
Contract EPA-68-02-3636
The purpose of the study is to identify and define future
environmental concerns related to the projected utili-
zation, recycling, and combustion of composite materi-
als. The study is being conducted for the Office of Stra-
tegic Assessment and Special Studies (OSASS) of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Based
on results of the study, EPA will make a preliminary de-
termination of whether further study is warranted for
any of the potential environmental concerns that the
study identified as being associated with composite
materials use and disposal and assign research prior-
ities in this area.
Keywords: 'Composite materials, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Utilization, Combustion, Recirculation, Solid
waste disposal, Forecasting, Physical properties,
Trends, Manufacturing, State of the art.
PB82-255563 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Comments on the Ohio River Basin Energy Study,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
James J. Stukel, and Boyd R. Keenan. Apr 81,131 p
EPA-600/7-81-060
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Circle.
The Ohio River Basin Energy Study (ORBES) has
been conducted by university researchers over a four-
year period. During this time an Advisory Committee,
which numbered up to 50 members, was active in criti-
quing and commenting on the research work. The
committee included representatives of state and local
government, the electric utility industry, labor, agricul-
tural, environmental and citizen groups, the Army
Corps of Engineers and EPA Regional offices. All
members of the Advisory Committee were given an op-
portunity to comment on the results of the study and
many have done so. This volume contains those com-
ments exactly as received.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution, 'Ohio valley,
Electric power plants, Forecasting, 'Ohio River Basin
Energy Study, 'Air quality, 'Energy demand.
PB82-255696 PC A08/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement Mill Creek
Area, Jefferson County, Kentucky Wastewater Fa-
cilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul 82,168p EPA-904/9-82-097
See also Appendix A, PB82-130709.
This final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) ad-
dresses proposed wastewater facilities for the Mill
Creek area of southwest Jefferson County, Kentucky.
Numerous wastewater management alternatives rang-
ing from complete reliance on existing on-stte systems
to a full regional system were evaluated in this EIS. At
issue in the Mill Creek Area EIS is the need for EPA to
provide Federal funds for sewer service to residential
areas currently served by individual on-lot systems and
the provision of sewer service to the Louisville-Jeffer-
son County Riverport Industrial Park. The Final EIS se-
lected alternative involves a limited sewer alternative
in which the Dixie Highway commercial corridor and
most if not all, of the smal! wastewater treatment
plants in the Mill Creek area will be served by a limited
regional facility.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-final, Cost analysis, Public
health, Water quality, Construction, Grants, Financing,
Environmental impacts, Archaeology, Noise pollution,
Farms, Ecology, Soils, Kentucky, Mill Creek, 'Jeffer-
son County(Kentucky), Alternative planning.
December 1983 1361
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-255837 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Manual of Practice - Chemical Treating Agents In
OH SpW Control Final repL Sep 77-Dec 80.
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
R. W. Castle, C. R. Foget and E. Schrier. Jun 82,152p
EPA-600/8-82-010
Contract EPA-68-03-2621
The purpose of this manual is to provide the On-Scene
Coordinator (OSC) with a systematic methodology
consistent with national policy that can be used to
assess the case-by-case acceptability of oil spill treat-
ment using chemicals, and to determine appropriate
application procedures. It contains guidelines for eval-
uating spill safety, determination of relevant spill char-
actenstics, prediction of treated and non-treated spill
movement, and criteria for comparison of probable im-
pacts with and without treatment. Dispersion of oil at
sea, dispersion on the shoreline, and the use of sur-
face collecting agents are considered. The manual ad-
ditionally describes general chemical agent application
procedures and dosage regulation.
Keywords: * Manuals, 'Water pollution, Transport
properties, Guidelines, Environmental impacts, 'Oil
spills, *OH pollution control, 'Chemical treatment.
PB82-2558M PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollution: Fourth Follow-Up Report - Air Pollu-
tion PHot Study.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Oct 78,45p NATD/CCMS-96
NATO furnished. See also PB81 -242257.
The fourth follow-up report on the 15 Air Pollution Pilot
Study recommendations is to monitor the status of the
adoption of NAC NATO/CCMS Recommendations
MUIUV.V.VH, and VIII in cities with population over
600,000 in 1978. The report also can be compared to
the 1975, 1976, and 1977 survey responses and the
first three follow-up reports to evaluate changes in air
pollution activities in the past three years. The NAC
NATO/CCMS recommendations listed above include
general assessment of air pollution, standard-setting,
establishment of air quality monitoring systems and
suitable systems for retrieval and storage of data, em-
ployment of recognized reference methods for moni-
toring, and institution of uniform procedures for con-
duction emissions inventories.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Standards, Monitoring,
Trends, Regulations, 'Foreign technology, 'Air quality.
PB82-256066 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental Protocol for Determining Hydroxy!
Radical Reaction Rate Constants. Final rept,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
J. N. Pitts, Jr., A. M. Winer, S. M. Aschmann, W. P. L
Carter, and R. Atkinson. Apr 82,46p EPA-600/3-82-
038
Grant EPA-R-806661
See also PB81-171647.
An experimental protocol for the determination of rate
constants for the reactions of the hydroxyl (OH) radical
with chemicals in the gas phase at room temperature
has been developed and is described in detail. This
protocol will thus provide a basis for evaluating the rel-
ative importance of one atmospheric reaction pathway
(i.e., attack by the OH radical) of organic substances
which may be emitted into the environment
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution, Laborato-
ry equipment 'Hydroxyl radicals, Atmospheric chem-
istry.
PB82-256116 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Held Manual for Oil Spills in CokJ Climates. Final
rept Sep 78-May 79,
Science Applications, Inc., Boulder, CO.
Paul C. Deslauriers, Barbara J. Morson, and Edwin J.
Sobey. May 82,177p EPA-600/8-82-011
Contract EPA-68-03-2648
This manual documents the state-of-the-art response
techniques as of early 1979. The manual has been di-
vided into two basic parts: A field manual and support-
ing data. The field manual consists of a set of matrices
that summarizes applicable techniques for various
conditions. The on-scene coordinators will be able to
use the matrices as a quick reference while they are
responding to spills. The supporting data are a detailed
summary of information on oil behavior and cleanup
techniques. It was assumed that on-scene coordina-
tors would have the opportunity to become knowl-
edgeable enough about the material in this section so
that only quick references to the field manual would be
needed while responding to spills. It is also hoped that
the on-scene coordinators will have had time to gather
the information suggested (for example, maps delin-
eating habitats arid access roads) before the spill
occurs. The ultimate success or failure of a response
to an oil spill in cold regions will largely hinge on the
pn-scene coordinator's understanding of the informa-
tion presented here and on his knowledge of the area
in which the spill occurred.
Keywords: 'Cold weather tests, 'Manuals, Field tests,
Water pollution, 'Oil spills, State of the art.
PB82-256181 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Quality Data Handling System (AQDHS-II) Test
Run Series Documentation, Second Edition. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Larry R. McMaster. Nov 80,382p EPA-450/4-79-010
Contract EPA-68-02-3011
This manual documents the AQDHS-II test run series
and replaces the Air Pollution Training Institute Manual
475, Comprehensive Data Handling System, Volume
2, Air Quality Data Handling System (AQDHS-II). The
test run series is divided into two major areas: basic
test runs and ad hoc test runs. The basic test runs ex-
ercise each program in AQDHS-II at least once and
provide the user with a means of determining whether
or not his installation of AQDHS-II has been success-
ful. The ad hoc test runs further exercise the capabili-
ties of the AQDHS-II programs. The ad hoc test runs
also provide the user with examples of how various
combinations of AQDHS-II programs may be used to
generate certain reports or to accomplish special
tasks. The AQDHS-II User's Guide should be used as
a reference in conjunction with this manual. Appendix
A of this manual provides a cross-reference of tests,
procedures, and programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Computer programs, Infor-
mation systems, Manuals, 'Air quality data handling
systems.
PB82-256264 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Wide Range Aerosol Classifier. Final rept,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Dale A. Lundgren, and David C. Rovell-Rixx. May 82,
59p EPA-600/4-82-040
GrantEPA-R-806714
The purpose of this project was to design, construct,
calibrate, and field test a mobile ambient particulate
matter sampler (Wide Range Aerosol Classifier) to col-
lect size-classified samples of large aerosol particles.
The sampler design was based on a similar stationary
sampling system previously constructed by the Princi-
pal Investigator, Dr. Dale Lundgren. The sampler is
fitted into a trailer and consists of a large, high flowrate
inlet from which 5 isokinetic samples are withdrawn.
Four of the samples are passed through single stage
impactors with different outpoints white the fifth is
passed through a total particulate matter filter. The 4
impactors were designed to collect particles greater
than 7.5 mm, 15 mm, 30 mm and 60 mm diameter.
Aerosol particles smaller than 7.5 micrometers are
sized by using separate lower flow rate cascade im-
pactors following the last single stage impactor. An ac-
companying analysis lab was set up in a mobile van.
Analysis equipment includes an analytical balance and
a sample equilibration chamber. The mobile sampler
was briefly field tested in Gainesville, Florida.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particle size, 'Samplers,
Aerosols, Design criteria, Field tests, Calibrating, Per-
formance evaluation.
PB82-256868 PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay: Introduction to an Ecosystem.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jan 82,38p EPA-600/9-82-016
This document explains the ecological processes in
the Chesapeake Bay. It serves as an introduction to
several forthcoming Bay program publications which
will describe the results of scientific investigations and
identify management solutions to specific resource
problems.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Marine biology, 'Chesapeake
Bay, 'Water pollution abatement, Marshes, Water
quality management, Algae, Marine geology, Sedi-
ments, Fisheries, Ocean temperature, Salinity, Nutri-
ents, Ocean currents, Plankton, Food chains, Primary
biological productivity, Sewage treatment, Phospho-
rus, Maryland, Virginia, 'Trophic level.
PB82-256876 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Energy Model of a Cadmium Stream with Correla-
tion of Embodied Energy and Toxlclty. Final rept.
Sep78-Mar81,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Robert L. Knight. Apr 82,127p* EPA-600/3-82-048
Grant EPA-R-806080
In surviving systems that have evolved designs for
maximizing power, ability to amplify and control may be
in proportion to embodied energy. The evaluation of
control effect and energy required in equivalent em-
bodied energy units allows the direct correlation of
these two properties of a controller such as a toxic
chemical. The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) was used to
analyze this toxin control hypothesis. A literature
review indicated a stimulatory (Amdt-Schulz) effect of
Cd at low concentrations in many growth studies. Most
data sets were found to be described by a general sub-
sidy-stress curve. The bioconcentration of Cd as a
mechanism in natural systems for controlling free Cd
concentration and its toxic effect is discussed. Infor-
mation collected during previous research on Cd effect
in experimental streams was summarized and used to
calibrate an energy and material model of the Cd
streams. Several mechanisms of Cd toxicity were ex-
amined and the model includes a simulation of system
components at low Cd levels. The results of this study
with Cd are predicted to be general to most other toxic
substances and may allow synthesis of the burgeoning
quantity of information concerning chemicals in the en-
vironment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Cadmium, Toxicity, transport properties, Ecosystems,
'Toxic substances, 'Energy models, Heavy metals,
Environmental management.
PB82-256884 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Retenslon and Transformation of Selected Pesti-
cedes and Phosphorus In Soil-Water Systems: A
Critical Review. Final rept Nov 77-Oct 79,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept of Soil Science.
P. S. C. Rao, and J. M. Davidson. May 82,341p* EPA-
600/3-82-060
Grant EPA-R-805529-01
The current state-of-the-art for measuring or estimat-
ing pesticide retention and transformation parameters
required in nonpoint source pollution models was re-
viewed. A data base of sorption partition coefficients,
degradation rate coefficients, and half-lives for a broad
spectrum of pesticides was compiled from a literature
survey. Adsorption partition coefficients normalized
with respect to soil organic carbon content were ap-
proximately constant across soils for a given pesticide.
Octanol-water partition coefficients were good predic-
tors of pesticide adsorption parameters. Chemical per-
sistence in soils for a large number of pesticides has
been measured under a variety of soil environmental
conditions. These data were used to calculate first-
order decay coefficients and half-lives. The variability
of these degradation parameters for a given pesticide
across several soils was within a factor of two. Multiple
regression equations that correlated degradation (or
disappearance) rates with soil properties could not be
developed from the literature data because of inad-
equate information regarding soil physical, chemical,
and environmental conditions during the pesticide
1362 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
degradation studies. Seasonal losses by runoff from
agricultural fields were generally less than 0.5 -1.0%
of the total amount applied. Although pesticide con-
centrations on the sediment phase of the runoff are
larger than those in the water phase, pesticide carried
in the water phase accounted for more than 90% of
the total mass emission during a given runoff event.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Reviews, 'Phosphorus,
'Water pollution, Surface water runoff. Ground water,
Degradation, Sorption, Transport properties, Mathe-
matical models, Sediments, Losses, Seasonal vari-
ations, Leaching, 'Earth water interfaces, 'Soil water
movement, Nonpoint sources, State of the art, 'Path
of pollutants, 'Translocation, 'Pesticide kinetics.
PB82-256900 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of Mathematical Models for Pollutant
Transport and Dissipation. Final rept. Aug 78-Oct
80,
Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta.
W. F. Ames. Apr 82,79p EPA-600/3-82-049
Grant EPA-R-807114
Four realistic nonlinear models of pollutant transport
with turbu-diffusion and reaction in rivers were studied.
Exact solutions for all the kinetics models (no transport
and no diffusion-the so-called stirred tank reactor) are
described. An algorithm for calculating the rate con-
stants from the exact solution is given. Exact solutions
for all systems also are provided when transport terms
are included with the kinetics (the plug flow model).
The inclusion of turbulent diffusion prevents exact so-
lution, but the methods or perturbation and the maxi-
mum (minimum) principle provide approximate solu-
tions and bounds on the travelling wave solutions. The
steady state is also analyzed by the bounding tech-
nique. These bounds, which may be used independ-
ently, demonstrate how the various parameters affect
the solutions.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Transport properties, Diffusion, Reaction kinetics,
Steady state, Numerical solution.
PB82-256983 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Streamlining the Environmental Permitting Proc-
ess: A Survey of State Reforms. Final rept.
Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc., Lexington, MA.
Jun82,209p*
Contract EPA-68-01-5845
This report describes initiatives that each state has
taken to streamline and expedite the environmental
permitting process. Information for this survey was
gathered primarily through telephone interviews with
state officials and from secondary sources of informa-
tion. The resulting report is a state-by-state description
of the environmental permitting reforms that those offi-
cials interviewed consider to be the most significant It
is designed to serve as a reference tool for persons in-
terested in learning about the types of environmental
permitting reforms initiated across the country.
Keywords: 'State government Licenses, Land devel-
opment Coordination, Decision making, 'Environment
management 'Licensing, Pollution control agencies,
Industrial development.
PB82-257130 PC A11/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement,
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, City of Norman,
Cleveland County, Oklahoma.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Jul 82,246p EPA-906/9-82-008
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The city of Norman operates sewage treatment works
that serve the city and the University of Oklahoma.
Major problems include: (1) a treatment facility that is
inefficient and cannot meet state and Federal stand-
ards for effluent quality; (2) an existing collection
system that cannot accommodate existing flows; and
(3) inadequate collection and treatment capacity for
future growth. Alternatives to accommodate expected
flows to the year 2000 were analyzed. Based on envi-
ronmental analysis and public participation, the follow-
ing appears to be the most cost-effective alternative:
new interceptors, lift stations and collection lines; up-
grading of the present treatment plant using bio-discs
to provide secondary treatment; and sludge facilities
for anaerobic digestion followed by wet-injection dis-
posal. Principal impacts of this alternative would be: fa-
cilitation of the conversion of about 600 acres of envi-
ronmentally significant agricultural lands to urban land
uses; support of orderly, environmentally sound
growth in compliance with the city's land use plan
(COMPLAN); approximately a 3 percent increase in
pollutant loadings to Lake Thunderbird; improved
water quality in the South Canadian River; reduction of
odors and elimination of overflows within the collection
system; and lifting of the hookup moratorium in the
Bishop Creek area.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Sewage treatment, Substitutes, Ecology, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Odors, Sites, Oklahoma, Water qual-
ity, Land disposal, Solid wastes, Norman(Oklahoma).
PB82-257213 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Enviromental Engineering and Technology.
Ohio River Basin Energy Study: Health Aspects,
Ohio River Basin Energy Study, Urbana, IL.
Maurice A. Shapiro, and Attila A. Sooky. Nov 80,319p
EPA-600/7-81-069
Grant EPA-R-805608, EPA-R-805588
Prepared by Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of
Public Health.
This report was prepared as part of the Ohio River
Basin Energy Study (ORBES), a multi-disciplinary pro-
gram supported by the Environmental Protection
Agency. It attempts to establish health damage func-
tions for energy resource extraction, conversion (i.e.,
burning of coal to produce electricity), and power
transmission in the ORBES region, which consists of
all of Kentucky, most of West Virginia, and substantial
portions of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Also covered in the report are patterns of mortality and
health services in the study region and baseline data
on health aspects of coal and uranium extraction, of
coal-fired and nuclear-fueled electrical generation, of
transportation and electrical transmission.
Keywords: Industrial hygiene, Mortality, Public health,
Electric power plants, Extraction, Coal, Health physics,
Transportation, Power transmission lines, 'Ohio River
Basin Energy Study, Health services, 'Energy conver-
sion, Environmental health, Occupational safety and
health, Energy resources, Uranium reserves.
PB82-257247 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Study to Obtain Trace Element Mass Bal-
ances at Kingston Steam Plant. Final rept. Mar 77-
Jun 81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
R. L Zielke, and Richard M. Bittman. May 82,180p
EPA-600/7-82-042
The report gives results of a study to help characterize
the various waste streams by identifying the mass flow
rates of the minor and trace elements in each waste
stream of a coal-fired utility boiler. In obtaining the
mass balances for 28 elements, the inlet and outlet
flows associated with three major pieces of equipment
were used: the pulverizer, boiler, and electrostatic pre-
cipitator (ESP); Kingston Unit 6 has two ESPs. Thus,
the mass balance presented reflected a good picture
of Unit 6 at near-full-load operation. The mass imbal-
ance for the entire system ranged from -12.5 to
+6.3%. However, the mass imbalance for each ele-
ment was quite different: in many cases, it greatly ex-
ceeded + or -12.5%. Nevertheless, 10 elements-AI,
Be, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, S, Si, Ti, and V-had imbalances of
< + or -10%; these elements represented about 93%
of the total fly ash and bottom ash mass flow rates. Im-
proved sampling for elements in the vapor phase is
needed because most concentrations were below de-
tection limits. Improved sampling for both the bottom
ash and inlet to the mechanical collector would drasti-
cally improve the mass flow rate estimates and
remove some of the assumptions of this report.
Keywords: 'Mass flow, 'Water pollution, 'Trace ele-
ments, Sampling, Field tests, Boilers, Fly ash,
Concentration(Composition), Coal, Surveys, Design,
'Kingston steam plant, 'Coal fired power plants.
PB82-257312 PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Tests of the Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dis-
persion Model at the Armco Middletown, Ohio
Steel Mill. Final rept,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, A. J. Anderson, and W. R. Hargraves.
Feb 82,465p TR-82-149-01, EPA-450/4-82-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3323
The primary purpose of the study described in this
report was to test the performance of the gravitational
settling/dry deposition of the Industrial Source Com-
plex (ISC) Dispersion Model using the 1980 paniculate
air quality measurements made by Armco and EPA in
the vicinity of the Armco Steel Mill at Middletown, Ohio,
with the corresponding Armco emissions data. Statisti-
cal comparisons of calculated and observed concen-
trations, made following the procedures suggested by
an AMS Workshop on Dispersion Model Performance,
show that use of the ISC Model's gravitational settling/
dry deposition option yields calculated total suspend-
ed paniculate concentrations in closer agreement with
the observed air quality than the corresponding con-
centrations calculated by the model without using this
option. Because the paniculate concentrations calcu-
lated by the ISC Model without using this option are
representative of the concentrations that would be cal-
culated using the modeling techniques recommended
for application to paniculate sources in the current
(April 1978) EPA Guideline on Air Quality Models, the
results of the study indicate that the ISC Model with
the gravitational settling/dry deposition option is an im-
provement over the modeling techniques currently rec-
ommended for paniculate sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Iron and steel industry,
'Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition),
Deposition, Particles, Industrial wastes. Combustion
products, Ohio, Transport properties, 'Industrial
source complex dispersion model, 'Air quality,
Middletown(Ohio).
PB82-257445 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Minimizing Salt in Return Flow Through Irrigation
Management. Final rept. 4 Dec 73-5 Dec 79.
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
Lab.
Jun 82,181 p PUB-744, EPA-600/2-82-073
See also PB-272 637.
Two field experiments were conducted in southwest
Arizona to investigate the potential of reducing the salt
load in irrigation return flow by decreased leaching.
Three leaching treatments of 5,10, and 20%, replicat-
ed nine times for citrus and five times for alfalfa, were
established and compared with conventional flood irri-
gation management. Annual evapotranspiration of
mature Valencia orange trees was 1470 mm. During
the first four years, the leaching treatments did not in-
fluence fruit yield or quality or tree growth. During the
last year, however, the yield of the 5% leaching treat-
ment was substantially lower than the other treat-
ments. Both experiments verified that water applica-
tions could be reduced substantially below average
commercial practice without loss of crop yield.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, Management, Leach-
ing, Water quality, Citrus trees, Leguminous plants,
Drainage, Evapotranspiration, Soil compacting, De-
salting, Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Gila project,
'Return flow.
PB82-257726 PC A04/MF A01
Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Industry - Back-
ground Information for Promulgated Standards.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 82,68p EPA-450/3-80-021B
SeealsoPB80-212111.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from asphalt processing and asphalt roofing manufac-
ture are being promulgated under Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. This document contains: (1) a summary
of all the public comments made on the proposed
standards and the Administrator's respones to the
comments, (2) a summary of the changes made to the
standards since proposal, and (3) the final environ-
December 1983 1363
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental impact statement which summarizes the im-
pacts of the standards.
Keywords: 'Roofing, 'Asphalts, 'Standards, 'Air pol-
lution control, 'Environmental impact statements-final.
Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Particles, 'New
source performance standards, "Air pollution abate-
ment Clean Air Act
PB82-257817 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Spectation of Arsenic Compounds in Water Sup-
plies,
"Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
KurtJ. Iraolic. Jun82,125p EPA/600/1-82/010
Grant EPA-R-804774010
The objectives of this project were to develop and test
analytical methods that would allow the chemical form
(Le. valence state or compound) of arsenic in drinking
waters to be determined, and to use the methods to
analyze samples of drinking water from sources where
adverse hearth effects in consumers had been attrib-
uted to arsenic. Analytical techniques were developed
for the determination of arsenate (differential pulse po-
larography), for inorganic and organic arsenic com-
pounds (High pressure liquid chromatography with
graphite furnace atomic adsorption spectrometry as
element-specific detector) and for the detection of ar-
senocholine, arsenobetaine, and iodoarsines (mass
spectrometry). These techniques, inductively coupled
argon plasms emission spectrometry, and hydride
generation/DC-helium arc emission were used for the
characterization of water samples from Utah, Alaska.
Antofagasla, Taiwan and Nova Scotia. The total ar-
senic concentrations were in the range 18 ppb to 8
pom with arsenic/arsenate ratios between 0.007 and
3.4. No organic arsenic compounds were detected in
any of the water samples. The trace elements At, B,
Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na. P, S, Si and Sr were
present in most of the water samples. The results
show that the various physiological effects observed in
populations exposed to the arsenic-containing water
supplies could not be caused by arsenic compounds
other than arsenite or arsenate. Other trace elements
acting in concert with arsenite and/or arsenate might
produce these symptoms. However, sufficient data are
not yet available to evaluate this hypothesis.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Arsenic organic com-
pounds, 'Arsenic inorganic compounds, 'Water analy-
sis. Chemical analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Polarogra-
phy, Sampling, Water pollution, High performance
liquid chromatography.
PB82-2S8096
PC A20/MF A01
Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS):
Uaar Manual and System Documentation. Final
rept Jun 78-Jan 61,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Lawrence A. Bums, David M. dine, and Ray R.
Lassiter. Apr 82.456p EPA-600/3-82-023
The Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS)
was designed for rapid evaluation of the behavior of
synthetic organic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
From the chemistry of a compound and the relevant
transport and physical/chemical characteristics of the
ecosystem. EXAMS computes: (1) Exposure: the ulti-
mate (steady-state) expected environmental concen-
trations (EECs) resulting from a specified pattern of
(long-term, time-invariant) chemical loadings, (S) Fate:
the cfetribution of the chemical in the system and the
fraction of the loadings consumed by each transport
and transformation process, and (3) Persistence: the
time required for effective purification of the system
(via export/ transformation processes) once the chemi-
cal loadings cease. EXAMS combines loadings, trans-
port and transformations into a set of differential
equations using the law of conservation of mass as an
accounting principal. This law accounts for all of the
chemical mass entering and leaving a system as the
algebraic sum of external loadings, transport process-
es that export the compound from the system, and
transformation processes that convert the parent com-
pound to daughter products.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Manuals, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Water pollution,
Concerrtration(Composrtion), Transport properties, In-
dustrial wastes, Exposure, Computer programs, Com-
puter programming, 'Exposure analysis modeling
system, Path of pollutants.
PB82-258476 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
Procedures for Predictive Analysis of Selected
Hydrotogic Impacts of Surface Mining. Final rept.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
David B. McWhorter. Aug 82, 98p EPA/600/7-82-055
Grant EPA-R-804673
This report presents a methodology for the prediction
of selected hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining.
Procedures for estimation of the chemical and hydro-
logic parameters required by an algebraic water quality
model are provided. The model predicts the long term
mean dissolved solids concentration in combined
direct and sub-surface runoff from a watershed partial-
ly disturbed by mining. The computational procedure is
demonstrated in a step-by-step calculation for a mine
site in Colorado. The predicted results are in satisfac-
tory agreement with short term (2 and 3 year) observa-
tions. Procedures for determining the transmissivity of
coal and overburden aquifers from single-hole aquifer
tests are provided. The procedures permit the analysis
of recovery data, affected by well-bore storage, follow-
ing a prolonged pumping period. Well-bore storage is
an important effect in the recovery of low transmissi-
vity aquifers often encountered in coal mining related
hydrology.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution,
'watersheds, Mathematical models, Snowmelt,
Ground water, Coal mining, Aquifers, Salinity, Alluvium,
Drainage, Land use, water balance, Drawdown,
Tables(Data), Colorado, 'Total dissolved solids.
PB82-258591 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Impact of Air Pollution on Vegetation Near the
Columbia Generating Station - Wisconsin Power
Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Unrv.-Ma<
Studies.
T. W. Tibbitis, S. Will-Wolf, D. F. Kamowsky, and D. M.
Olszyk. Jun 82, 228p EPA/600/3-82/068
Grant EPA-R-803971
Madison. Inst for Environmental
The impact of air pollution from the coal-fired Columbia
Generating Station upon vegetation was investigated.
Air monitoring of 03 and 02 documented levels that oc-
curred before and with operation of the generating sta-
tion. Reid sampling of alfalfa, lichens, and white pines
was undertaken before and after initiation of generat-
ing station operations. Controlled environmental expo-
sures were undertaken with separate cultivars of crop
species grown in the vicinity of the generating station.
Alfalfa, carrots, mint peas, beans, and trembling
aspen were exposed to SO2 and O3 to establish mini-
mum threshold pollutant levels, for injury from these
pollutants.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Ecology, 'Air pollution, Elec-
tric power plants, Farm crops, Vegetables, Sulfur diox-
ide, Exposure, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides. Dosage,
'Habitats, 'Air pollution effectsfPtants).
PB82-258609 PC AO8/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Green River Air Quality Model Development Me-
teorological Data - August 1980 Field Study in the
PJceance Crock Basin OH Shale Resources Area.
Final rept,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. D. Whiteman, N. S. Laulainen, G. A. Sehmel, and J.
M. Thorp. Jun 82,171p EPA-600/7-82-047
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
Special meteorological and air quality studies were
conducted during August 1960 in the Piceance Creek
Basin oil shale resource area of Northwestern Colora-
do as part of the EPA-sponsored Green River Ambient
Model Assessment program. The objective of the limit-
ed field program was to collect initial data to aid in the
development, calibration, and validation of a mesos-
cale air quality model. The specific goals of the pro-
gram were to investigate the growth and characteris-
tics of corrective boundary layers that form over the
area during the daytime, to characterize background
pollutant levels, visibility, and atmospheric structure
over the area, and to investigate, by means of tracer
experiments, the dispersion and dry deposition of pol-
lutants released in nocturnal valley drainage flows. An
instrumented DC-3 aircraft was the primary means of
collecting background air quality and visibility data. A
balloon-borne upper air sounding system was used to
monitor temporal changes in convective boundary
layer structure. Dual tracer experiments were conduct-
ed on four occasions in the shallow Corral Gulch near
tract C-a using non-depositing SF6 gas and depositing
lithium-traced particles collected on two to five sam-
pling arcs during well-defined drainage flow events.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Pi-
ceance Creek Basin, Aerial surveys, Field tests, Sam-
pling, 'Air quality, Tracer studies.
PB82-258617 PC A02/MF A01
Dlbenzylammonium and Sodium Dibenzyldfthio-
carbamates as Preclpitants for Preconcentratlon
of Trace Elements In Water for Analysis by
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
RobertV. Moore. 1981, 5pEPA-600/J-82-162
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n6 p895-8971982.
Precipitation with combined dibenzylammonium diben-
zyldrtniocarbamate and sodium dibenzyldithiocarba-
mate at pH 5.0 can be used to separate 22 trace ele-
ments from water. Membrane filtration on the precipi-
tate yielded a thin sample, suitable for analysis by
energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Alkalis, alkaline earths, lanthanides, and halides were
not precipitated, permitting a clean separation of trace
elements from the macro constituents of drinking
water and drinking water supplies. Methods are given
for preparation of reagents of higher purity than previ-
ously described.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, *Precipitation(Chemistry),
'Trace elements, Potable water. Separation, X ray
spectroscopy, X ray fluorence, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Carbamates, Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Carbamic acid/(ammonium-salt)-
bis(dibenzyl)-dithk>, Carbamic acid/dibenzyl-dithio-
(sodium-salt).
PB82-258625 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Principles of Corrosion and Corrosion Monitoring,
Economic and Engineering Services, Inc., Olympia,
Gregory J. Kirmeyer, and Gary S. Logsdon. Aug 82,
21 p EPA-600/D-82-329
Recent amendments to the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations deal with corrosion and re-
quire utilities to assess corrosion in their distribution
and home plumbing systems. Problems caused by cor-
rosion can be grouped into 3 categories: health, aesth-
etics and economics. For electro-chemical corrosion
reaction to proceed, all components of an electro-
chemical cell are required - an anode, a cathode, a
connection between the anode and cathode and a
conducting solution. Corrosiyity is affected by many
factors, including pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen,
flowrate, temperature and others. Methods for docu-
menting corrosion range from simple visual inspec-
tions to complex scale analysis including weight loss
and pitting depth measurements and corrosion
probes. Laboratory and pilot tests can be used to
define the extent and magnitude of corrosion. Under-
standing the principles of corrosion is important in
avoiding and correcting corrosion problems. Monitor-
ing is important to ensure that the corrosion control
program continues to meet its desired objective.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, Monitoring, Potable water,
Water pipes, Water supply, Corrosion prevention,
Water pollution.
PB82-258641 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The American Oyster as a Coastal Zone Pollution
Monitor A Pilot Study. Journal article,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia Belle W. Baruch Inst
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
1364 Vol. 63, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Geoffrey I. Scott, and David R. Lawrence. Mar 82,9p
EPA-600/J-80-020,, ERLGB-0817
Pub. in Estuaries 5, n1 p40-46 Mar 82.
Condition Index (dry meat weight) (100)/internal cavity
volume) has been analyzed and compared in the
American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, from two
South Carolina estuaries, one of which was polluted by
coliform bacterial standards. During the warmer
months, oysters from the unpolluted habitat showed a
consistently and significantly higher Condition Index.
Best fit and power function regressions of Condition
Index on total coliform bacterial levels conform with
previously cited efforts of pollutants on oysters. Condi-
tion Index dropped markedly as the incidence of total
coliforms increased toward levelsof 100 per 100 ml of
water.
Keywords: 'Oysters, 'Water pollution, 'Estuaries,
Coliform bacteria, Bioassay, Weight(Mass), Volume,
Regression analysis, Growth, Meat, South Carolina,
Reprints, 'Bioindicators, 'Crassostrea Virginica, Habi-
tats.
PB82-254740 PC A15/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Uranium In U.S. Surface, Ground, and Domestic
Waters. Volume 1,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, S. Reynolds, P. T. Owen, R. H. Ross, and J.
T. Ensminger. Apr 81,344p' ORNL/EIS-192/V1, EPA-
570/9-81-001
Contract W-7405-eng-26
The report summarizes published information con-
cerning the concentrations of uranium in 89 994 U.S.
surface, ground and domestic waters. Sources sur-
veyed included the open literature, state health depart-
ments, federal agencies, and personal contacts. For
each state, samples were geographically located,
identified by type and use, and tabulated by decreas-
ing uranium concentration. Histograms covering 14
concentration ranges were prepared for all surface,
ground, and domestic water samples of each state and
for the entire United States. Estimates were made of
the population-weighted average concentrations of
uranium in domestic waters of each state. Based on
these averages, alpha radiation bone doses were
computed for lifetime consumptions of each water. In
addition, the fractions of water supplies in each state
producing water containing uranium in excess of 1, 5,
10 and 20 pCi/L were estimated. An extensive discus-
sion of analytical methods used to determine uranium
in surface and ground waters was also included.
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Water pollution, Surface water,
Ground water, Potable water,
Concentratton(Composition), Sampling.
PB82-2S8799 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
Determination of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons In Industrial and Municipal Wastewater*.
' Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Paul E. Strup. Mar 82,84p* EPA-600/4-82/025
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
A method for the determination of 16 polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAH) in wastewater was devel-
oped. This method, based on the use of high perform-
ance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluo-
rescence detection, is readily suited for detection of
condensed ring aromatics in many types of aqueous
samples. Aqueous sources included in this study are
ftyash wash water, municipal sewage, and industrial ef-
fluent samples. Precision and accuracy of the method
were estimated from the results of five wastewater
samples spiked at levels between 0.1 and 250 ppb for
the various PAH compounds. Recoveries were gener-
ally 85% or better from these wastewater sources.
Storage of several spiked wastewater samples for 0
and 7 days at various temperatures, pH and chlorine
levels resulted in a matrix of recovery data for the vari-
ous PAH species. This data indicated that the highest
recovery for PAH in wastewater are obtained at a pH
level near 7, in the absence of any chlorine with the
analysis being completed as soon after collection as
possible.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Water
analysis, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sewage, Chemical anal-
ysis, Fly ash, Samples, 'Water pollution detection,
'High performance liquid chromatography.
PB82-258856 PC A02/MF A01
Testing of the Mack ETSA-676 at MVEL,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Alex Azary. Apr 82,11 p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-10
This report discusses the results of testing a Mack
heavy-duty diesel engine, model ETSA-676. This
engine was tested as part of the EM A/EPA coopera-
tive test program designed to analyze lab-to-lab varia-
bility in emissions measurements and to assess how
well the emissions data generated at EPA correlates
with data acquired through testing at other laborato-
ries. Also reviewed are some problems encountered
during the course of testing. Recommendations for im-
proved procedures also are presented.
Keywords: 'Trucks, 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Data acquisition, Variability, Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Heavy duty vehicles, Mack trucks, ETSA-676
diesel engines.
PB82-258880 PC A02/MF A01
The Effect of Controlled Ozone Exposure on
Human Lumphocyte Function. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
Mirdza L, Peterson, Ralph Smialowicz, Shirley Harder,
Brock Ketcham, and Dennis House. Jan 82,12p EPA-
600/J-81-508
Pub. in Environmental Research 24, p299-308 1981.
The effects of ozone (03) on cell-mediated immunity
were studied in 16 human subjects exposed to 1176
micrograms/cu.m. 03 (0.6 ppm) for 2 hr in an environ-
mentally controlled exposure chamber. Venous blood
smaples were taken before and immediately after con-
trolled air and 03 exposures, as well as at 72 hr, 2 and
4 weeks, and at one random time at least 1 month
after treatment. The relative frequency of T lympho-
cytes in blood and the in vitro blastogenic response of
lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concana-
valin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Can-
dida albicans were determined.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology,' 'Lymphocytes,
Humans, Exposure, Blood cells, Leukocytes, Physio-
logical effects, Air pollution, Reprints, Cellular immuni-
ty, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB82-258963 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking
Water Supply at Glen Cove, New York, Phase II.
Interim rept 27 May 80-30 Jan 81,
Nebolsine Kohlmann Ruggiero Engineers, New York.
Dominick D. Ruggiero, and Robert Ausubel. Mar 82,
118pEPA-600/2-82-027
Grant EPA-CR-806355-01
See also Phase I, PB81 -115040.
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of obtaining relevant design parameters and
capital and operating costs of both adsorption and aer-
ation techniques for the removal of specific organic
contaminants from the City of Glen Cove's drinking
water supply. Major contaminants present are: trichlor-
oethylene, tetrachloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethy-
lene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The results of Phase II
supported the conclusions of Phase I, (PB81 -115040),
November 1980 and further indicated the applicability
of both adsorption on resin and aeration as treatment
for groundwater containing the above listed organic
compounds. The testing of resins indicated that the
use of columns in a downflow mode of operation, with
upflow steam regeneration, appears to be the best ap-
proach. With proper steam regeneration, the resin re-
turns to better than 90% of the original adsorptive ca-
pacity of the virgin resin and its continued use results
in lengths of runs similar in time to those of the virgin
resins. The regeneration of activated carbon with
steam was not successful under the test conditions
and, therefore, this approach is not recommended.
The aeration testing indicated a slight edge in removal
efficiencies for the packed column over the diffused
aeration column. However, its additional cost may out-
weigh its advantage. The results from the small cooling
tower indicate that this type of cooling tower would not
be acceptable for treatment of the contaminated water
present at Glen Cove.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
Potable water, Adsorption, Aeration, Design criteria,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Pilot
plants, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Glen Cove(New
York), Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Ethyl-
ene/dichloro, Ethane/trichloro.
PB82-258971 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
An Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Wind
Energy Conversion Systems for Electric Utilities,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst. for Environmental
Studies.
Carel C. DeWinkel. Jun 82,175p EPA-600/3-82-066
Grant EPA-R-803971
Evaluation of wind speed data from 12 airport sites in
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, and from five
Coast Guard stations along Lakes Superior and Michi-
gan, indicates annual average wind speeds of 4.5 to 6
m/s and wind power densities of 100 to 200 W/sq m at
7 m height. The economic analysis of wind energy con-
version systems (WECS) applied to the Dairyland
Power Cooperative (DPC) system indicates that it can
be economically attractive for the DPC to install WECS
in the 1980s. This analysis does not include benefits
due to the potential replacement of conventional ca-
pacity by the WECS. A preliminary study of WECS in
combination with directly controlled water 'heaters
shows that this combined system may delay conven-
tional generating capacity additions longer than will
controlled heaters only. A detailed reliability and cost
production analysis of WECS plus direct control of a
variety of loads is required to evaluate these systems
accurately.
Keywords: 'Wind power generation, Wisconsin, As-
sessments, Economic analysis, Electric utilities, Wind
power plants.
PB82-258989 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Determinate of Dry Deposition Rates for Ozone.
Final rept.
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
Elmer Robinson, Brian Lamb, and M. P. Chockalingam.
Apr 82, 84p EPA/600/3-82-042
Grant EPA-R-805342
The report presents ozone (03) velocity deposition
(V(d)) measurements over three different vegetation
types at three different geographic locations in the
United States. The purpose of this study was to relate
V(d) measurements of ozone to more commonly
measured meteorological parameters over a wide
range of ambient conditions. In this way a general cal-
culation procedure could be developed for ozone V(d)
to be used in pollutant transport models.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Velocity, 'Deposition, 'Air pollu-
tion, Transport properties, Terrain, Vegetation.
PB82-258997 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A New Carbon-Bond Mechanism for Air Quality
Simulation Modeling. Interim rept. Jun 80-Jun 81,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
J. P. Killus, and G. Z. Whitten. Apr 82,117p EPA-600/
3-82-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3281
A new generalized kinetic mechanism for photochemi-
cal smog, which incorporates recent information on
the atmospheric reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons,
has been developed. The mechanism, labeled the
Carbon-Bond Mechanism III (CBM III), is the third
lumped-parameter mechanism to be designed in ac-
cordance with the carbon-bond reaction concept in
which carbon atoms with similar bonding are treated
similarly, regardless of the molecules in which they
occur. Because of the general nature of the CBM III, it
can be used to model the entire atmospheric mix of hy-
drocarbons and is suitable for use in air quality simula-
tion models. Principal features of CBM III include a
separate reaction scheme for ethylene, realistic photo-
chemistry for aromatic hydrocarbons and dicarbonyl
December 1983 1365
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compounds, and formation pathways for alky) nitrates
and nrtroaromatic compounds. CBM III was tested by
comparing the predictions obtained with the mecha-
nism against smog chamber data of multi-component
hydrocarbon/NOx mixtures. In addition to a discussion
of the development and testing of the CBM III, informa-
tion is also provided on the application of the mecha-
nism for urban air quality modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Smog. 'Reaction kinetics, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides. Chemical bonds, Urban areas, 'Air
quality, 'Carbon bond mechanism.
PB82-259037 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
National Roadway Traffic Note* Exposure Model
(HRTNEM) - User's Manual Final rept.
Wyte Labs., El Segundo, CA.
Jan 82.143p WR-80-37-A, EPA-550/9-82-201-A
Contract EPA-68-01 -3948
See also Programmer's Manual, PB82-259045.Por-
tons of this document are not fully legible.
The National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model
(NRTNEM) is comprised of a collection of on-line data-
sets, some containing programs and others containing
data. The manual describes the job submission proce-
dures required to run the NRTNEM as it existed on the
NCC (EPA's National Computer Center) in December,
1981. under user ID EPADYN. The NRTNEM actually
consists of two models: The General Adverse Re-
sponse Model f GAR'), and the Single Event Model
CSEM'). Only one of them can be executed by a job at
a time. The Programmer's Manual describes the
NRTNEM system m more detail to facilitate program
maintenance. The NRTNEM was designed for and
runs on an IBM/370 computer under MVS, with ISO
(the Tune Sharing Option) and WYLBUR, the latter two
being conversational direct-access systems.
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Transportation noise, 'Mathe-
matical models, Noise pollution, Noise reduction.
Computer programming, User needs, Fortran, 'User
rnarwsJsfComputer programs), 'Noise exposure.
'Noise levels, NRTNEM computer program, IBM-370
computers.
PB82-259045 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
National Roadway Traffic Note Exposure Model
(NRTNEM) - Programmer's Manual. Final rept
Wyte Labs., B Segundo, CA.
Dec81,381pWR-80-37-B, EPA-550/9-82-201-B
Contract EPA-68-01-3948
See also User's Manual. PB82-259037.Porbons of this
document are not futty legible.
The National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model
(NRTNEM) is comprised of a collection of on-line data-
sets, some containing programs and others containing
data This manual describes the NRTNEM system as it
existed on the NCC (EPA's National Computer Center)
in December 1961, under user ID EPADYN. NRTNEM
actually consists of two models: The General Adverse
Response Model fGAR'), and the Single Event Model
f SEMI. Only one of them can be executed by a job at
a time. The User's Manual describes job submission
procedures. This manual describes the NRTNEM
system in more detail so as to facilitate program main-
tenance. This manual is organized from two points of
vfew: present first those items the user first comes into
contact with, and go from the general to the specific.
Accordingly, the general properties of files and data-
sets are described first and the coding details are test
Keywords: 'Roads, 'Transportation noise, 'Mathe-
matical models. Noise pollution, Noise reduction,
Computer programs, User needs, Fortran, •Program-
ming manuals, 'Noise exposure, 'Noise levels,
NRTNEM computer program, IBM-370 computers.
PB82-259052 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Rakyard Note Exposure Model Source Submodel
(RYNEH-S)L
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna. VA.
Jan82,276p-in3v
Set includes PB82-259060 through PB82-259086.
No abstract available.
PB82-259060 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Rallyard Note Exposure Model Source Submodel
(RYNEM-S). Volume 1. Description of RYNEM-S
Modal
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,102p EPA-550/9-82-203-A
Contract EPA-66-01 -6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-259078.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PBS2-
259052.
This volume presents an overview of the RYNEM-S
mode). The basic philosophy of the model is discussed
and the relevant equations used in the computations
are presented. This volume is written for those who
need to know what the model is like. It does not go into
nor does it teach the user how to run the model. It pre-
supposes some familiarity with the EPA noise terminol-
ogy, as is covered by the 'EPA Levels' document The
reader is advised to peruse the Railroad Background
document for other terminology used without explana-
tion.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Transportation noise, 'Mathe-
matical models, Railroad terminals, Acoustic measure-
ment, Computer programming, Noise pollution, Noise
reduction, Fortran, 'Noise exposure, 'Noise sources,
RYNEM-S computer program, Fortran 4 programming
language, flair/arris.
PB82-2S9078 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement arid Control.
yard Note Exposure Model Source Submodel
Volume 2. RYNEM-S User Manual.
Jrept
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,69p EPA-550/9-82-203-B
Contract EPA-68-01 -6093
See also Volume 1, PB82-259060, and Volume 3,
PB82-259086.
Also 'available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
259052.
This volume presents a cookbook approach to the
execution of the RYNEM-S model. Its intended audi-
ence is those who wHI exercise the model. It assumes
famHitarity with Volume 1, i.e., the user knows the
quantities he inputs, and he knows the quantities print-
ed out For obvious reasons, the explanations incorpo-
rated in Volume 1 are not repeated. White it does not
presume expertise with the EPA IBM computer
system, it does assume the user can follow the instruc-
tions presented in this volume to the tetter.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Transportation noise, 'Mathe-
matical models, Railroad terminals. Acoustic measure-
ment Computer programming. Noise pollution, Noise
reduction, Fortran, User needs, 'User
manuals(Computer programs), 'Noise exposure,
•Noise sources, 'Rattyards, RYNEM-S computer pro-
gram, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB82-2S9086 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Rallyard Note Exposure Model Source Submodel
(RYNEM-S). Volume 3. RYNEM-S Programmer
Manual Final rept
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,105p EPA-550/9-82-203-C
Contract EPA-68-01 -6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-259078.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
259052.
This volume describes the structure of the RYNEM-S
and the model's program source code, ft is not meant
to teach the reader how to run the program. Execution
of the model is described in Volume 2. It assumes the
reader has digested the contents of Volume 1. The in-
tended audience is the programmer who needs to
maintain the program and make changes to the source
code. A strong knowledge of standard IBM FORTRAN
IV language is assumed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Railroads, 'Trans-
portation noise, 'Programming manuals, Railroad ter-
minals, Acoustic measurement Computer programs,
Noise pollution, Noise reduction, Fortran, 'Noise expo-
sure, 'Noise sources, 'Railyards, RYNAM-S computer
program, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB82-259094 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Railroad Cash Flow Model Software Documenta-
tion.
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,177p-in3v
Set includes PB82-259102 through PB82-259128.
No abstract available.
PB82-259102 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Railroad Cash Row Model Software Documenta-
tion. Volume 1: Cash Flow Model Description.
Final rept.
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,50p EPA-550/9-82-204-A
Contract EPA-68-01-6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-2591 lO.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
259094.
This document describes the cash flow model used in
the financial analysis conducted for the background
document to railroad yard noise standards. It first de-
tails the purpose of the cash flow model. Next, a deriv-
ative to the equations used in the model is presented.
Volume II lists the data inputs needed to use the
model. Finally, a sample output of the model is shown
with notes on how to interpret it
Keywords: 'Economic models, 'Cash flow, 'Noise
pollution, Regulations, Assets, Facilities, Railroads,
Return on investment Capital, Present worth, 'Rail-
road yards.
PB82-259110 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
RaHroad Cash Flow Model Software Documenta-
tion. Volume 2: Case Flow Model User's Guide.
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,57p EPA-550/9-82-204-B
Contract EPA-68-01-6093
See also Volume 1, PB82-259102, and Volume 3,
PB82-259128. Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB82-
259094.
This volume of the railroad cash flow software docu-
mentation describes the use of the railroad cash flow
model. It tells how to access the model and how to
change the data. Section 2.1 provides a brief overview
of the design of the cash flow model and the comput-
ing environment it is used in. Section 2.2 describes
how to access the computer and run the model. Sec-
tion 2.3 shows how to change the data. Section 2.4 is a
sample output Appendix A is a sample session with
the cash flow model. Appendix B is a list of key com-
mands which can be used on the WYLBUR system.
Appendix C explains how to restore files which have
been achieved.
Keywords: "Economic models, 'Cash flow, 'Noise
pollution, Regulations, Assets, Facilities, Return on in-
vestment Capital, Present worth, Computer program-
ming, Railroads, 'Railroad yards, User
manuals(Computer programs), WYLBUR text edition.
PB82-259128 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
RaHroad Cash Flow Model Software Documenta-
tion. Volume 3: Cash Flow Model Programmer's
Manual. Final rept,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Vienna, VA.
Jan 82,70p EPA-500/9-82-204-C
Contract EPA-68-01-6093
See also Volume 2, PB82-25911O.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC £99, PB82-
259094.
1366 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This manual provides information on how to service
the cash flow model. !t is written for a user who has
some familiarity with standard IBM FORTRAN-IV and
the WYLBUR system. The manual has four sections.
The first section discusses the model design through
its technical specifications, data requirements and al-
gorithms. The second section defines the data base
specifications and defines the data names. The third
section is an annotated listing of the program. The
fourth section describes verification and test proce-
dures for the model.
Keywords: "Economic models, 'Cash flow, 'Noise
pollution, Regulations, Assets, Facilities, Return on in-
vestment. Capital, Present worth, Computer program-
ming, Programming manuals, Railroads, Railroad
yards, Fortran 5 programming language, WYLBUR text
editor.
PB82-259136 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Training Manual for Mechanical Equipment Noise
Control Permit Scheme for Model Building Code,
Blazier (Warren) Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Warren E. Blazier, Jr. Dec 80,109p* WBA-1923, EPA-
550/9-82-413
Contract EPA-68-01 -5886
This manual specifically deals with the acoustical
impact of building mechanical equipment systems on
the exterior environment surrounding a building site. It
has been prepared as a training and implementation
guide for building officials and engineers whose knowl-
edge and training in acoustics may be limited.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Equipment, 'Noise pollution,
'Manuals, Acoustic measurement, Noise reduction,
Equipment specifications. Building codes, 'Noise
sources, 'Noise levels.
PB82-259144 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Airport Community Soundproofing and Reloca-
tion Study. Final rept.,
ORI, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Richard Cnais, and John Kirkland. Jul 82,192p* EPA-
550/9-82-343
Contract EPA-68-01 -6154
For many airports, a residual population imported by
aircraft noise will remain after benefits from all other
noise control means have been realized. This report
considers residential soundproofing and relocation
programs as a means of achieving airport noise/land
use compatibility. A detailed discussion of issues in-
volved in such a program is given. To quantify the cost
of such a program a methodology is developed and
used to integrate parameters affecting noise exposure.
A forecast is presented of changes in air carrier airport
noise exposure that will occur during the balance of
this century. The study also examines the noise expo-
sure benefit of noise abatement flight operations, flight
procedure, and restrictions on population encroach-
ment Soundproofing and relocation costs are devel-
oped for four airports.
Keywords: 'Airports, 'Land use zoning, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Urban planning, Urban relocation,
Cost analysts, Aircraft noise, Acoustic insulation.
PB82-259151 PC A05/MF A01
Airport Noise: Land-Use Compatibility by the Year
2000,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Robert J. Koenig, and John Tyler. Aug 82,98p* EPA-
550/9-82-344
This report reviews the progress which has been made
in airport noise control and presents a forecast of
changes in aviation noise exposure that will occur
during the balance of this century. Results are given of
an analysis which examines the benefits of noise
abatement flight operations, flight procedures and of
restrictions on population encroachment, on residen-
tial noise exposure. Cost of residential soundproofing
and relocation, based upon in-depth studies, are pre-
sented for four air carrier airports which represent four
airport categories. While the main focus of the report is
on noise exposure above Ldn 65 at air carrier airports,
noise exposure around general aviation and joint-use
civil/military airports is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Airports, *Land use zoning, 'Noise reduc-
tion, Noise pollution, Urban planning. Aircraft noise,
Cost analysis, Urban relocation, 'Noise exposure.
PB82-259235 PC A05/MF A01
A Planning and Design Guidebook for Combined
Sewer Overflow Control and Treatment,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Dulcie A. Weisman, and Richard Field. Aug 82,79p*
EPA-600/2-82-064
This report is a survey of control and treatment of com-
bined sewer overflows prepared to assist Federal,
state, and municipal agencies and private consultants.
It is divided into the following chapters: Sewer Control,
Collection System Control, Storage, Physical with/
without Chemical Treatment, Biological Treatment,
and Disinfection. Each chapter describes briefly infor-
mation available from EPA research projects and,
where possible, presents this information in graphs
and tables that can be used for preliminary design.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, Manuals, Design, Sewers, Storage tanks,
Bacteria, Disinfection, Construction costs, Fluid filters,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Protectors, Sedimenta-
tion tanks, Performance, Separators, Flow regulators,
Flushing, 'Magnetic separation.
PB82-259276 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Waste Heat Recovery Potential In Selected Indus-
tries,
DSS Engineers, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL.
S. R. Latour, and J. G. Menningmann. Feb 81,278p"
EPA-600/7-82/030
Contract EPA-68-01-4454
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The research project was initiated with the overall ob-
jective of identifying the points, qualities, and quanti-
ties, of waste heat discharged to the environment by
energy intensive industries and emerging technologies
for energy development. These data may then be uti-
lized to evaluate various heat management alterna-
tives and to further define and identify potential benefi-
cial uses of these discharges. The first task performed
during the course of the study consisted of identifying
industries and emerging technologies which offered
the greatest potential for discharging substantial quan-
tities of waste heat to the environment For each of
these industries, a study was conducted to document
the points, qualities, arid quantities of all waste heat
discharges to the environment The report also in-
cludes a discussion of the various waste heat recovery
technologies currently available for the recovery of
waste heat energy as well as a brief discussion of the
various environmental impacts associated with the dis-
charge of waste heat to the environment
Keywords: 'Heat recovery, Industries, Waste heat, Pe-
troleum industry. Metal industry. Paper industry. Glass
industry, Iron and steel industry, Aluminum industry,
Chemical industry, Shale oil, Coal gasification, Avail-
ability, Identifying, Environmental impacts, Coal lique-
faction.
PB82-259789 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Techniques to Measure Volumetric How and Par-
tteulate Concentration in Stacks with Cyclonic
Flow.
Harmon Engineering and Testing, Auburn, AL.
J. Douglas Sterrett, Allen R. Barbin, Joe W. Reece, W.
Glen Carter, and Bruce B. Ferguson. Aug 82,88p EPA-
600/4-82-062
Contract EPA-68-02-3215
The study determined that an in-stack venturi can ac-
curately measure volumetric flow in stacks with a
severe cyclonic flow profile. The design requirements
of the venturi are described in the report The report
also describes a low head loss, egg crate-shaped
device that effectively straightens cyclonic flow. Instal-
lation of such a device after a tangential inlet to a tall
stack can result in considerable energy savings be-
cause it takes less fan power to push the straightened
flow. Results to determine the paniculate distribution
downstream of the egg crate were inconclusive.
Keywords: 'Industrial plants, 'Chimneys, 'Flow meas-
urement, 'Volumetric analysis, Venturi tubes, Vortices,
Fluid flow, Air pollution, Mathematical models, Parti-
cles, Concentration(Composftion), *Flow straighten-
PB82-259847 PC A07/MF A01
Effects of Selected Organic Drinking Water Con-
taminants on Male Reproduction,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
Joseph F. Borzelleca, and Richard A. Carchman. Jun
82,149pEPA-600/1-82-009
Grant EPA-R-804290
Because of the recent increase in exposure of individ-
uals to potentially harmful chemicals, it has become in-
creasingly important to test the potential of environ-
mental chemicals to cause adverse reproductive ef-
fects. The Division of Toxicology within the Depart-
ment of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia has
responded to this need by examining the abilities of
Kepone, hexachlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene,
1,2,3,4-tetrabromobutane, chloral hydrate, 1,1,2-trich-
loroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroeth-
ane, dibromochloromethane, trichloromethane, and
1,1,1-trichioroethane to elicit harmful reproductive ef-
fects. The following tests were used to assess the
extent of these effects: analysis of effects upon rat
ejaculate volume and sperm morphology, distribution
studies in rats, determination of the cellular sites of
action in a P388D1 lymphoid neoplasm cell line, per-
formance of a multi-generation murine experiment
which included dominant lethal and teratologic studies,
and analysis of the inhibition of mouse testicular DNA
synthesis.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Potable water,
'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Drinking water, Cell lines, Kepone,
Benzene/hexachloro, Toluene/dimtro, Butane/tetra-
bromo, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethane/
dichloro, Chloral hydrate, Methane/trichloro, Ethane/
trichloro, Methane/chloro-dibromo.
PB82-259904 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Waste Citrus Activated Sludge in
Poultry Feeds. Final rept. Jul 76-Jan 79,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Bobby L. Damron, Douglas M. Janky, Robert H.
Harms, and Mark F. Hall. Apr 82,47p EPA-600/2-82-
060
Grant EPA-R-803997
Experiments were conducted on chick broilers and
hens to determine the metabolizable energy of citrus
sludge. A determination of metabolizable energy
values showed that the values decreased as the level
of citrus sludge in the diet increased. A series of pro-
tein levels were fed to day-old chicks for a 3-week
period in an attempt to assay the protein quality of
citrus sludge. As the level of sludge in the diet in-
creased, its utilization decreased with an almost toxic
effect being observed at higher concentrations. Vita-
min D3 and citrus sludge were fed to day-old chicks to
determine if the minerals contained in the sludge could
be causing the destruction of Vitamin D3 in the feed.
Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the bio-
logical availability of phosphorus contained in the
sludge. Citrus sludge was also examined as a source
of pigmentation in egg yolks and in broilers.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Feed stuffing, 'Poultry,
Citrus fruits, Proteins, Solid waste disposal, Activated
sludge process.
PB82-260035 PC A17/MF A01
National Science Foundatin, Washington, DC.
Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and
Monuments. Final rept.
National Materials Advisory Board (NRC), Washington,
DC.
Jul 82,379p* ISBN-0-309-03275-X
Grant NSF-PFR80-15683
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-082101.
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
December 1983 1367
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Agency, Washington, DC., General Services Adminis-
tration, Washington, DC., and Andrew WMellon Foun-
dation, New York.
This report contains the proceedings of the Confer-
ence on Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and
Monuments, held in Washington, D.C., February 2-4,
1981. included in the report are papers presented by
scientists, preservation architects, engineers, and ar-
chitectural historians interested in the problems of his-
toric masonry structures. The committee's report con-
tains its conclusions and recommendations based on
information presented at the conference and the ex-
pertise of five discussion groups, and by consideration
of general concerns that emerged in their delibera-
tions.
Keywords: * Building stones, "Preserving, 'Meetings,
Monuments, Buildings, Conservation, History, Mainte-
nance.
PB82-260373 PC A02/MF A01
Graphical Model of Thermoregulatory Behavior
by Fishes wtth a New Measure of EurythermaHty.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Giattina, and R. R. Garton. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-
82-215
Pub. in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences. v39 n3 P524-52B 1982.
The behavioral responses of fishes, specifically prefer-
ence and avoidance reactions, to temperature are de-
scribed using a general graphical model based on a
broad overview of the literature. A quantitative meas-
ure of eurythermality, based on the area of the thermal
preference zone, is presented which offers a more
meaningful estimate of the optimal thermal require-
ments of the species than one based on lethality
atone. The authors also emphasize the importance of
considering the preference-avoidance responses of
fishes when setting ambient water quality criteria for
temperature or when estimating the potential environ-
mental impact resulting from changes in the thermal
regime of an aquatic system.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Behavior, 'Thermoregulation,
Responses, Temperature, Models, Reprints, Euryth-
ermatity.
PB82-260670 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
An Economic AissMmsnt of the Benefit* of the
Final Effluent Umltatfons Guideline* for Iron and
Steel Manufacturer*. Executive Summary, and
Volume* I, II, and III. Repl for Jun 61 -May 82,
Public Interest Economics Center, Washington, DC.
Robert L. Raucher. May 82.256p EPA-230/04-82-O05
Contract EPA-68-01-5838
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
An economic benefits assessment, and benefit-cost
analysis of water quality improvements of the BPT and
BAT Effluent Limitation Guidelines, promulgated May
1982, for Iron and Steel Manufacturers. This analysis
represents a portion of the Regulatory Impact Analysis
(RIA) required under Executive Order 12291.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Economic analysis, 'Iron
and steel industry, 'Guidelines, Benefit cost analysis.
Assessments, Industrial wastes, 'Water quality. Best
technology.
PB82-26082* PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Management of On-sita and SmaH Community
Waste water Systems. Final rept. Dec 78-Nov 81,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Peter A. Ctotofc, and Kenneth C. Wiswall. Jul 82,241 p
EPA-600/8-82-009
Contract EPA-68-03-2753
The document represents a relatively simple, yet com-
prehensive guide to small communities and their engi-
neers to develop an effective and, rtopefutty, optimal
management program for alternative technologies
which are appropriate to solving their wastewater pol-
lution problems. Although it isprepared to respond to
the requirements of the U.S. EPA Construction Grants
Program, the tent is appficabte to all existing small
communities wishing to optimize the performance of
existing or planned on-srte or small community
wastewater treatment and disposal systems. By pre-
senting optimum management program selection in a
simple step-by-step fashion, this guide permits the
user to design the appropriate program based on tech-
nical processes and physical, economic and adminis-
trative constraints extant in the service area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Management plan-
ning, Cost analysis, Sites, State government, Residen-
tial buildings.
PB82-260837 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
River Basin Validation of the Water QuatttAs-
M0ttioclolo0y for Scroonfno Nonc
nated 208 Areas. Volume I: Nonpobrt Source Load
Estimation. Final rept Sep 79-Nov 81 ,
Midwest Research tnst, Kansas City, MO.
Michael J. Davis, Michael K. Snyder, and John W.
Nebgen. May 82, 1 59p EPA-600/3-82-057A
GrantEPA-R-806315
See also Volume 2, PB82-260845.
In earlier work under the sponsorship of EPA, loading
functions were developed by Midwest Research Insti-
tute (MRI) for estimating the quantities of different dif-
fuse loads entering receiving waters from nonpoint
sources and a screening methodology was produced
by Tetra Tech, Inc., for assessing water quality prob-
lems in areas not covered under Section 208 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972. The two methods had never been applied to-
gether under realistic conditions, however, to demon-
strate how the combined techniques might be used for
identification of water quality problems in U.S. rivers. In
this report the successful application of the MRI-de-
vefoped nonpoint loading procedures under field con-
ditions in five river basins is described and the compat-
ibility of these procedures with the 208 screening
methodology is demonstrated. The basins in which the
assessment techniques were used were the Sandusky
River in Ohio and four Chesapeake Bay Basins (Patux-
' ent Chester, Occoquan, and Ware Rivers).
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Rivers, 'Lakes, 'Estu-
aries, Rural areas, Rainfall, Soil erosion, Slope, Nutri-
ents, Land use, Urban areas, Environmental impacts,
Sandusky River, Ohio, Patuxent River, Potomac River,
Susquehanna River, Occoquan River, Chester River,
Ware River, Chesapeake Bay Basin, • Nonpoint
sources, 'Organic loading.
PB82-260845 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA
River Basin Validation of tht Water QuaHty As-
sessment Methodology for Screening Nondeslg-
nattd 208 ATMS. Votuma II: Chesapeake-Sandus-
ky Nondesignated 208 Screening Methodology
Demonstration. Final rept Sep 79-Nov 81,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
J. David Dean, Bob Hudson, and William B. Mills. May
82,245p EPA-600/3-82-057B
GrantEPA-R-806315
See also Volume 1, PB82-260837.
In earlier work under the sponsorship of EPA, a
screening methodology was produced by Tetra Tech,
Inc., for assessing water quality problems in areas not
covered under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Act Amendments of 1972, and loading
functions were developed by Midwest Research Insti-
tute (MRI) for estimating the quantities of different dif-
fuse loads entering receiving waters from nonpoint
sources. The two methods had never been applied to-
gether under realistic conditions, however, to demon-
strate how the combined techniques might be used for
identification of water quality problems in U.S. rivers. In
this report, the successful application of the Tetra
Tech-developed nondesignated 208 screening meth-
odology under field conditions in five river basins is de-
scribed, and the compatibility with the nonpoint source
calculator is demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Rivers, 'Lakes, 'Estu-
aries, Assessments, Selection, Oxygen. Dissolved
gases, Flushing, Temperature gradients, Sandusky
River, Ohio, Patuxent River, Chester River, Occoquan
River, Ware River, Stratification, Biochemical oxygen
demand, CoKform bacteria, Chesapeake Bay Basin,
'Nonpoint sources, 'Organic loading, Eutrophication.
PB82-260686 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Unconventional Natural Gas Resources: An Over-
view Covering the Resources and Environmental
Aspects of Production,
Hoffman-Heft Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
Lawrence Hoffman. Aug 82,49p EPA-600/7-82-053
Contract EPA-68-02-3671
This report covers natural gas from the following un-
conventional sources: western tight sands, Devonian
shale, coal deposits, geopressured aquifers, and land-
fills. This report covers the resource base, potential
production levels, and associated environmental as-
pects. Over the past 10 years our natural gas reserve
level has been declining. At year end 1979 our reserve
to production ratio for the entire U.S. was less than 10
years. This has occurred even though exploration for
natural gas has been increasing both in terms of
number of wells drilled and total footage drilled. There
is potential for our natural gas supply to be materially
augmented by gas from unconventional resources. In
this regard, gas from western tight sands, Devonian
shale, and coal seams potentially could provide 1 Tcf
of gas in 1985 with significantly greater amounts in
2000. Over the same period, the potential gas from
geopressured aquifers and landfills are believed to be
considerably less. The environmental concerns vary
with source and are minimal for tight sands, Devonian
shale, and landfills. Conceivably, significant environ-
mental concerns could be associated with gas recov-
ery from geopressured aquifers.
Keywords: 'Natural gas, 'Gas production, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Sources, Earth fills, Aquifers, Coal de-
posits, Methane, Gas sands, Devonian shales.
PB82-260M4 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Rates and Equilibria of Devolatillzatlon and Trace
Element Evolution hi Coal Pyrotysls. Final rept. Sep
79-Jun81,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
R. M. Fielder, C-C Kau, J. K. Ferrell, and S. Ganesan.
Apr 82.103p EPA-600/7-82-027
Contract EPA-CR-804811
The report gives results of using a laminar-flow furnace
to study the kinetics of devolatnization and evolution of
S, As, Pb, and Ho in the pyrolysis of pulverized coal in
nitrogen. Variables included pyrolysis time, reactor
temperature, and coal type. Devolatilization rates and
weight losses of the two subbituminous coals tested
were lower than those of a bituminous coal. The four
elements were released in significant quantities during
rapid pyrolysis, with the elemental loss from the bitumi-
nous coal proceeding more rapidly and to a greater
extent than that from the subbituminous coals. Emis-
sions of As and Pb in subbituminous coal and Pb in bi-
tuminous coal were found to be proportional to the
total volatile matter released. Emissions of Hg and As
in bituminous coal were proportionately greater than
the total volatile matter released. The S released was
proportional to the amount of dry-ash-free volatile
matter released for both coals. Five kinetic models for
devolatiiization were tested.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Coal,
'Chemical equilibrium, Trace elements. Sulfur, Ar-
senic, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Mathematical
models. Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'De-
volatilization.
PB82-261363 PC A02/MF A01
Fate and Impact of Wood Preservatives In a Ter-
restrial Microcosm. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Jay D. Gite, James C. Collins, and James W. Gillett. 6
Dec 81, 9p EPA-600/J-82-218
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,v30 n2
P295-210 Mar-Apr 82.
The transport and effects of 14C-labeted wood pre-
servatives (creosote with labeled phenanthrene or
acenaphthene, pentachlorophenol, and bis(tri-n-
butyttin)oxide) impregnated in wood posts were exam-
ined in a terrestrial microcosm chamber (TMC-II) in
comparison to a reference compound, the insecticide
dwMrin. The TMC-M contained a Willamette Valley top-
soil, ryegrass, invertebrates, and a gravid gray-tailed
1368 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vole (Microtus canicaudus). Approximately 2.5 months
after introduction of the posts, 95% of the chemicals
remained in the post, 95% of the chemicals remained
in the posts. Of the material released into the ecosys-
tem, most remained in the upper soil layer immediately
surrounding the posts. Concentrations in plants
ranged from 0.7 ppm for dieldrin to 8.8 ppm for phen-
anthrene. Residue accumulation by the invertebrates
was highly variable. Of the chemicals tested, creosote
accumulated in the vole to the greatest extent (e.g.,
whole body concentrations of 7.2 and 37.0 ppm for
phenanthrene and acenaphthene, respectively. Only
dieldrin exhibited any acute toxic effects (e.g., cricket
survival).
Keywords: 'Wood preservatives, 'IsotopiC labeling,
'Environmental surveys, Insecticides, Comparison,
Soils, Dieldrin, Transport properties, Reprints, Path of
pollutant. Microcosms.
PB82-261371 PC A02/MF A01
Reactions of Chrome Tannery Sludge with Organ-
ic and Mineral Soils. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Carlos Wtekliff, V. V. Volk, David T. Tingey, William L.
Griffis, and Marita Y. Trunk. 21 Aug 81,16p EPA-600/
J-82-216
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 17, p61-74 1982.
Chrome tannery sludge applied to agricultural land
may have benefits in terms of added N for crop growth.
An experiment was designed to compare tannery
waste with commercial N fertilizer and investigate the
potential of the waste as an alternative or supplement
to commercial fertilizer. Soils with 38% and 7% organ-
ic C and N content of 1.3% and 0.2%, respectively,
were amended with lime, commercial N fertilizer, or
tannery sludge containing 1.6% Cr. A portion of the
tannery waste was supplemented with additional
Cr( + 3) salt before adding to the soils. The amended
soils were analyzed for total Cr, ammonium acetate ex-
tractable Cr, selected nutrient and trace element con-
centrations. The tannery sludge increased soil pH,
total Cr and N, S, Ca, P, Mg, and Na concentrations.
DTPA extractabte Cr increased only when Cr(+3) salt
was added, but soil pH decreased markedly. Electro-
conductivity exceeded values recommended for suc-
cessful crop production. The acidic, high salt condi-
tions complicated interpretation of the Cr(+3) salt ad-
dition results. Tannery sludge may be applied to agri-
cultural land as a fertilizer amendment without ad-
versely affecting soil chemical properties. The amount
and frequency of application should be determined by
(1) total and available N, (2) total salt content, (3) total
and available Cr, and (4) soil organic matter.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Tanning materials,
'Chromium, Farm crops, Fertilizers, Soils, Solid waste
disposal. Reprints, 'Land disposal.
PB82-261389 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of Dfflubenzuron on a Complex Labo-
ratory Stream Community. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stephen R. Hansen, and Ronald R. Garton. 4 Feb 81,
12p EPA-600/J-82-217
Pub. in Arcfiivies of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, p1-101982,
Effects were assessed on the total biological commu-
nity in complex laboratory streams caused by continu-
ous exposure to diflubenzuron (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-
(2,6-drfluorobenzoyt) urea).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Insecticides, Insects, Pesti-
cides, Pest control, Algae, Fungi, Sensitivity, Toxic tol-
erances, Fluorine organic compounds, Reprints, *Di-
milin, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Benzamide/
N^((^torophenyl)amino)carbonyl)-difluoro.
PB82-261397 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a 'Daphnia magna' Renewal Ufe-
Cycte Test Method with silver and endosulfan.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V Nebeker. Jul 81, 7p EPA-600/J-82-220
Pub. in Water Research, vl 6 p739-7441982.
Four contract and two U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency laboratories participated in round-robin tests
using Daphnia magna as the test animals. The pur-
pose was to determine if methods set forth in the 'Pro-
posed Standard Practice for Conducting Renewal Life
Cycle Tests with Daphnids' (ASTM Drafts 2 and 4 with
modification) are adequate for routine laboratory test-
ing. Silver and endosulfan were the toxicants used.
The 48-hacute test used for determining EC50 values
and estimating initial concentrations for the chronic
test has been used for many years with good results,
and this round robin confirmed its value.
Keywords: 'Life cycles, 'Silver, 'Toxicology, Insecti-
cides, Aquatic animals, Chlorine organic compounds,
Arthropods, Metals, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, 'Daphnia magna, 'Endosulfan.
PB82-261405 PC A02/MF A01
Design and Performance of a Reid Exposure
System for Evaluation of the Ecological Effects of
SO2 on Native Grassland. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EricM. Preston, and Jeffrey J. Lee. 31 Jul 81,18p
EPA-600/J-82-221
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p213-228 1982.
The report describes the design and performance of
two replicate field exposure systems for evaluating the
ecological effects of chronic SO2 exposure on 0.5 ha
plots of native Montana grassland. The SO2 was sup-
plied at a constant rate to each plot through a network
of 2.5-cm inside diameter aluminum pipes set parallel
to and approximately 0.7 m above the ground with 0.8-
mm SO2 release holes at 3-m intervals. The resulting
SO2 concentrations on the plots varied with microme-
teorologieal conditions. Fumigations were essentially
continuous from April through October for 5 yr on one
set of four plots and for 4 yr on another set of four
plots. Frequency distributions of SO2 concentrations
were approximately log-normal and qualitatively similar
to those from various area and point sources. The data
from 5 years use of the system indicate that the fine-
scale behavior of SO2 concentrations would be realis-
tic.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Grassland, 'Air pollution,
Field tests, Plant ecology,
Concentration(Cqmposition), Micrometeorology, Diur-
nal variations, Wind velocity, Night, Fumigation, Per-
formance evaluation, Frequency distribution, Compari-
son, Montana, Reprints, Point sources, 'Zonal air pol-
lution systems.
PB82-261413 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mathematical Model for Multfcomponent Aerosol
Formation and Growth in Plumes. Journal article,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Dept of Chemical
Engineering.
Mark Bassett, Fred Gelbard, and John H. Seinfeld. 21
Jan81,14p EPA-600/J-81-581
Grant EPA-806844
Pub. in Jnl. of Atmospheric Environment, v15 n10/11
P2395-24061981.
Description of the evolution of the size and chemical
composition of aerosols in plumes is fundamental to
the ability to predict visibility impairment Previously, it
has only been possible to predict changes in aerosol
size distributions in plumes. In this work the first model
for predicting both size and chemical composition evo-
lution of plume aerosols is presented. Coagulation, ho-
mogeneous particle formation, heterogeneous con-
densation, and particle phase chemical equilibria and
kinetics are explicitly included. The model is based on
a sectional representation of the size-composition
spectrum and computation is easy to implement. This
model holds promise to be a standard component of
all plume visibility calculations that require plume aero-
sol size and composition information.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Mathematical
models, 'Aerosols, Visibility, Particle size distribution,
Chemical composition, Reaction kinetics. Reprints,
Numerical solution.
PB82-261421 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Laboratory and Field Avoidance
Behavior of Fish In Heated Chlorinated Water.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Giattina, D. S. Cherry, John Cairns, Jr., and S. R.
Larrick. 1981,11 p EPA-600/J-81 -580
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
110,p526-5351981,
The effects of intermittent chlorination and tempera-
ture selection on the movement of fish were studied in
an integrated field and laboratory project on the New
River at the Glen Lyn Power Plant in southwestern Vir-
ginia. Over a temperature range of 7-36C, the total
number of fish sampled from the intermittently chlorin-
ated thermal effluent was lower than control values (P
greater than or = to 0.09) when total residual chlorine
(TRC) concentrations were greater than or = to 0.15
mg/l. After seasonal variations were segregated into
discrete intervals of field temperature and fish avoid-
ance of TRC, a decline in fish abundance in the chlor-
inated, heated discharge was observed within 95%
confidence limits. In most cases, laboratory-deter-
mined avoidance concentrations predicted accurately
the TRC concentrations that would elicit the avoidance
behavior of fish under natural field conditions.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Ther-
mal pollution, 'New River, Cooling water, Temperature
gradients, Animal behavior, Avoidance responses,
Summer, Virginia, Reprints, Notropis spilopterus, No-
tropis galacturus.
PB82-261439 PC A02/MF A01
Cost-Effective Pretreatment Programs. Journal ar-
ticle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Lewis A. Rossman. Aug 82,17p EPA-600/J-82-222
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering Division 108,
p665-679 Aug 82.
A method is developed for planning cost-effective con-
trol programs for toxic pollutants in municipal treat-
ment systems. It chooses the levels of industrial pre-
treatment and type of municipal sewage treatment a
city can use so that all applicable standards and crite-
ria on sewer discharges, receiving water quality, and
municipal sludge quality are met at minimum cost The
problem is formulated as a nonlinear 0-1 integer pro-
gramming model. An implicit enumeration procedure is
developed for its solution. The method is applied to
control of five heavy metals in Kokomo, Ind. The eco-
nomic impact of EPA's national pretreatment policies
and alternative water quality goals is studied.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Cost effectiveness, 'Water pollution control,
Reprints, 'Water quality, Heavy metals.
PB82-261447 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stochastic Predictions of Sediment Yields from
Small Coastal Watersheds in Oregon, U.S.A. Jour-
nal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
John VanSickle. 24 Feb 81,17p EPA-600/J-82-224
Grant EPA-R-806225
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydrology 56, p309-323 1982.
For many streams in the Pacific northwestern U.S.A.,
nearly all sediment is transported during brief, distinct
runoff events. The event sequence can be stochasti-
cally described by combining a Poisson process, a flow
frequency analysis, and a sediment-rating curve. The
model is used to predict long-term distributions of
annual suspended-sediment yields from two small wa-
tersheds in the Oregon Coast range.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments, 'Runoff, 'Water
pollution, 'Stream flow, Mathematical models, Water-
sheds, Stochastic processes, Frequency distribution,
Seasonal variations, Flynn Creek, Needle Branch,
Oregon, Reprints, 'High flow, 'Sediment yield.
PB82-2614S4 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Sulfuric Acid Rain on Major Cation and
Sulfate Concentrations of Water Percolating
Through Two Model Hardwood Forests. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Jeffrey J. Lee, and David E. Weber. Mar 82,10p EPA-
600/J-82-226
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v11 n1 p57-64
Jan-Mar 82.
Acid precipitation falls on vast areas of forested land,
including most of the eastern deciduous forest of the
United States. Forest productivity, ground-water qual-
ity, and surface waters might all be affected. To docu-
December 1983 1369
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment and quantify ecosystem response to the onset of
acid precipitation, simulated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) rain
was applied to model forest plots of sugar maple (Acer
saccharum) and red alder (Alnus rubra). One set of
four plots (two alder and two maple) received a control
rain constiting of a stock solution equilibrated with at-
mospheric CO2 to approximately pH5.7. final results
showed that a hardwood canopy and litter layer can
alter the input of chemicals to the soil from acid rain.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Forest trees, 'Forest land. Model
tests. Maple trees, Sulfuric acids, Carbon dioxide, pH,
Hardwoods, Ground water. Humus, Calcium, Magnesi-
um, Potassium, Sodium, Percolation, Leaching, Re-
prints, 'Acid precipitation, Plant canopies.
PB82-261462 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Fish Ventilation Frequency to Estimate
Chronically Safe Toxicant Concentrations. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Richard A. Tubb. Jan 82, 9p EPfi,-GQQ/J-82-225
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, v111 n1 p70-77 Jan 82.Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.
A 96-hour toxicity test with fish ventilation frequency as
the response variable was developed to estimate safe
zinc concentrations for steelhead Salmo gairdneri.
Two Oregon steelhead strains were exposed to zinc at
different water temperatures and total hardnesses (7,
12, and 17C; 25 and 125 mg/liter as CaCO3). Ventila-
tion frequencies enumerated from bioelectric potential
generated by buccal and opercular openings and clos-
ings showed significant increases at the highest test
concentration in five of 10 tests. This indicates that
ventilation-frequency tests are at least as sensitive as
long-term toxicity tests and may be used to screen
chemicals for potential harmful effects on fish.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Toxicity, 'Trout, 'Water pollution.
Exposure, Ventilation. Cor>centrat>on(Composrtion),
Tests, Responses, Reprints, 'Salmo gairdneri. Steel-
head trout
PB82-261959 PC A04/MF A01
Estimating Concentrations Downwind from an In-
stantaneous Puff Release. Rept for Jun 80-Oct 81,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William B. Petersen. Aug 82. 72p EPA-600/3-82-078
This document provides an approach to estimating
concentrations downwind of an instantaneous puff re-
lease. Dispersion of the puff is described by the Gaus-
sian puff equation, using the didpersion parameters
presented in Meteorology and Atomic Energy. The pri-
mary purpose of this work is to provide estimates of
the instantaneous peak concentration or average con-
centration through the use of simple equations and no-
mograms. Example problems are provided to demon-
strate the use of the equations and nomograms. A
computerized Gaussian puff model is also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
•Hazardous materials, Concentratk>n{Cornposrtion),
Wind(Meteorofogy), Nomographs, Computer program-
ming, 'Chemical spills, 'Gaussian puff model, Numeri-
cal solution.
PB82-262189 PC A03/MF A01
Sampling Air for Gaseous Organic Chemicals
Using SoHd Adsorbents Applications to Tenax,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC
Joseph F. Walling, Richard E. Berkley, Donald H.
Swanson, and Frank J. Toth. Aug 82,38p EPA-600/4-
82-059
A simple input-output model for a two phase flow
system with fixed bed was applied to Tenax adsorption
of atmospheric contaminants. The model fit laboratory
data acceptably and relationships with previous ap-
proaches were stated. Chromatographic retention vol-
umes are used in this model which provides a means
of seating adsorbent bed dimensions and flow rates to
preserve desired output characteristics. Suggestions
are made about how to use the model for rational sam-
pling design when quantitative information is needed.
Practical limitations of field operations and fundamen-
tal knowledge and the need to evaluate every datum
lead to practical suggestions for sampling. At least two
samples collected simultaneously but at very different
flow rates are suggested as necessary for quantitative
work.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution, 'Ad-
sorbents, 'Organic compounds, Sampling, Trace ele-
ments, Field tests, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
'Tenax, 'Air pollution sampling. Air pollution detection.
PB82-262718 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Sewer Sealants. Final rept,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, ll_
Richard H. Sullivan, and William B. Thompson. May 82,
53pEPA-600/8-82-012
The control of infiltration into sanitary sewers is a
major element of local governmental agencies' pollu-
tion control program. In 1978 the major product used
for small diameter sewers was withdrawn from produc-
tion. A study was conducted to develop performance
attributes of a sewer sealant which could be used with
existing sewer sealing equipment A series of laborato-
ry, soil box, and field evaluation studies were also de-
vised to assist in the testing of new products.
Keywords: 'Sealers, 'Sewers, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Performance evaluation, Fluid infiltration,
Joints(Junctions), Cost analysis, Grout Safety, Field
tests.
PB82-2628B2 PC A02/MF A01
PubNc Acceptance of Wastewater Sludge on
Land,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
G. Kenneth Dotson. Aug 82,21p EPA-600/D-82-328
The objective of this paper is to discuss the accept-
ance of municipal wastewater sludge on land in the
United States. Application to land has been an eco-
nomical disposal method for cities and a means of in-
creasing soil productivity. Use of land for sludge dis-
posal is increasing. Although recent research and
demonstration projects have produced information
needed for proper design of land application systems,
the availability of the information does not always
cause rural communities to accept municipal sludge.
Case histories are related to show that rural-urban co-
operation, technically sound planning, and educational
activities help gain acceptance of landspreadirtg.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal,
Rural areas, Urban areas, Fertilizers, 'Land disposal,
'Sewage sludge.
PB82-262890 PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
The Impact of Aquatic Plants and Their Manage-
ment Techniques on the Aquatic Resources of the
United States: An Overview. Final rept,
Florida Univ.. Gainesville.
Jerome V. Shireman, William T. Halter, Daniel E.
Canfield, and Vemon T. VanoTver. Jul 82.157p EPA-
600/4-81-007
Grant EPA-R-805497
This paper provides an assessment of nuisance aquat-
ic plants and the problems associated with their con-
trol in the United States. Major emphasis is given to the
Sun Beit states where aquatic plant control is critical
due to introduction of exotic plants and extended
growing seasons. The impact of aquatic plants (algae,
non-native, and native plants) and their management
techniques are discussed as they pertain to water
quality and aquatic life. Herbode residue data, both in
the soil and water, and herbicide toxicity to aquatic or-
ganisms are presented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Weed control, 'Aquatic plants, 'Herbi-
cides, 'Water pollution, Assessments, Toxicity, Marine
microorganisms. Chlorine organic compounds, Chlo-
rine aromatic compounds, Water quality management
Nitrogen organic compounds, Copper suffates, Algae,
Invertebrates, Environmental impacts, Crustacea,
Dosage, Lakes, Estuaries, United States, 'Pesticide
residues, Biological pest control, Water hyacinths, Eur-
asian watermtlkfoH, D 2-4 herbicide, Diquat
PB82-2632S2 PC A05/MF A01
Trtfluralin (TREFLAN (Trade Name)),
alpha,alpha,alpha-trrfluorc-2,6-dinltrc-N,N-
dipropyi-p-toluidtne. Position document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul 82,97p EPA-540/9-82-011
Contents:
Elanco's chronic feeding study;
Revised exposure estimate;
Revised cancer risk estimate;
Ecological effects;
Comments relating to risk;
Comments relating to benefits;
Comments relating to tesCng requirements/
regulatory options.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Fluorine organic
compounds. Exposure, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Diets, Ecology, Tests,
Regulations, Requirements, 'Trifluralin, Toluidine/dini-
tro-N-N
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB82-263781 PC A08/MF A01
Fifth Annual Environmental Impact Statement
Conference Held at Atlanta, Georgia on October
22-23,1981.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul 82,152p EPA-904/9-82-098 .
See also PB81-161879.
This document includes The Role of the New CEQ in
the Reagan Administration', by Nancy Nord, General
Counsel, CEQ, Washington, D.C. 'EPA and NEPA in
the 1980's' by Thomas R. Sheckells, Deputy Director
Office of Federal Activities, U.S. EPA, Washington,
D.C. 'Nearer to the Heart's Desire: Fine Turning NEPA'
by Lance Wood, Chief Counsel Environmental Pro-
grams Office, Chief of Engineers, Corp of Engineers,
Washington, D.C.
Keywords: "Meetings, Environmental impacts, 'Envi-
ronmental impact statements.
PB82-263864 PC A18/MF A01
Symposium: Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment Held at
Pensocala Beach, Florida on 14-18 August 1978,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
N. L. Richards, and B. L. Jackson. Jun 82,421 p EPA-
600/9-82-013
This publication is a compilation of papers contributed
by scientists who participated in the 'Symposium on
Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
the Marine Environment' sponsored by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Energy, Min-
erals, and Industry and the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, August 14-18, 1978, at Pen-
sacola Beach. Participants addressed questions relat-
ed to the impact of polynudear aromatic hydrocarbons
on the marine ecosystem: their physical, chemical, and
biological fate after release into the aquatic environ-
ment; the current state-of-the-art for their detection
and identification; and their potential for transfer to
human food.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, 'Environmental surveys, Marine biology, Water
pollution. Food, Transport properties, Chemical analy-
sis, Field tests. Food chains, Humans, Metabolism,
Ecosystems, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Bio-
logical processes, State of the art, Path of pollutants,
Bioaccumulation, Bioindicators, Genotypes, Uptake.
PB82-263880 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Fate of Priority Pollutants In Publicly Owned
Treatment Works. Final rept.
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Jul 82,276p EPA-440/1-82/302
Contract 68-01-5772
See also PB81-238024.
Influent, primary effluent secondary effluent primary
sludge, and secondary sludge samples were collected
at a conventional activated sludge publicly owned
treatment works (POTW) for 30 consecutive days. The
samples were analyzed for priority toxic pollutants and
selected conventional and unconventional pollutants.
Results of the analyses were used to: (1) compare the
variability of POTW influent priority pollutant concen-
tration for a six day and 30 day sampling episode; (2) to
evaluate the performance of POTW processes with
report to treatment of priority pollutants; and (3) to doc-
ument the fate of priority pollutants in an POTW.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Activated sludge
process, Tables(Data), 'Publicly owned treatment
works, 'Path of pollutants, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
pollution sampling.
PB82-2S4961 PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Basis for Laboratory Performance Eval-
uation Limits. Proceedings rept,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Paul W. Britton. Aug 82,9p EPA-600/D-82-300
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) con-
ducts studies to evaluate the performance of drinking
water and wastewater laboratories that analyze sam-
ples for major EPA programs. The studies involve
sample concentrates which the participating laborato-
ries dilute to volume with reagent water. Analytical re-
sults are evaluated by comparison with confidence
limits. From completed studies the characteristics of
data representing proper laboratory operation are esti-
mated using robust procedures on the data from EPA
and state laboratories. From such historical statistics
and their related true sample concentrations, weighted
linear regressions are developed and used to predict
the statistics for subsequent studies. If these regres-
sion predictions are similar to the statistics actually cal-
culated from the current study data, the evaluation
limits are calculated from the regression statistics for
the sake of independence and to force a smooth rela-
tionship between the limits at different sample concen-
tration.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Potable water, 'Industri-
al wastes, Regulations, Sampling, Numerical solution.
PB82-265265 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
The Characterization of the Chesapeake Bay: A
Systematic Analysis of Toxic Trace Elements.
Technical rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Howard M. Kingston, Robert R. Greenberg, Ellyn S.
Beary, Billy R. Hardas, and John R. Moody. Sep 82,
210pEPA-600/3-82-085
GrantEPA-79-D-X-0717
This report describes the National Bureau of Stand-
ards (NBS) efforts in a multidisciplinary study of the
Chesapeake Bay coordinated by the Chesapeake Bay
Program Office of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The NBS used the best available technology
to determine the trace and toxic element concentra-
tions in the water column. As part of this program, the
NBS has collected and analyzed both the dissolved
and suspended particulate fractions of 102 water sam-
ples covering the entire length of the Chesapeake Bay.
The elements of interest include Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu,
Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sn, Th, U, and Zn. These analy-
ses were accomplished using specific chemical pre-
concentration, separations and manipulations to pre-
pare the samples for analysis by Neutron Activation
Analysis and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectronnetry.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Chemical analysis, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Chesapeake Bay, Toxicity, Sampling, Trace ele-
ments, Samplers, Seawater, Experimental design,
Pumping, Filtration, Acidification, Separation, Quantita-
tive analysis, Neutron activation analysis, Atomic spec-
troscopy.
PB82-265372 PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Modified for Operation on Neat Methanol. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Randy Jones,. Jun 82,20p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-12
Due to the increased interest in methanol as a motor
vehicle fuel, the Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
(OMSAPC) has initiated a vehicle and engine testing
program to characterize the emissions and perform-
ance of the most likely methanol applications. This
report describes the results of testing an International
Harvester DT-466B heavy duty diesel engine with
modifications.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Fuels, 'Carbinols, Spark
ignition, Spark plugs, Combustion, Exhaust emissions,
Cetane rating, International Harvester DT-466B en-
gines, Engine modifications, Neat methanol, Alterna-
tive fuels, Glow plugs.
PB82-265471 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Historical Review of Water Quality and Climatic
Data from Chesapeake Bay with Emphasis on Ef-
fects of Enrichment,
Maryland Univ., Solomons. Chesapeake Biological
Lab.
Donald R. Heinle, Christopher F. D'Elia, Jay L Taft
John S. Wilson, and Marthe Cole-Jones. Sep 82,243p
UMCEES-80/15-CBL, EPA-600/3-82-083,, EPA/
CBP-TR-002E
Grant EPA-R-806189010
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.,
Baltimore, MD. rept. no. CRC-PUB-84.
Review of the available data on water quality in Chesa-
peake Bay has revealed changes over recent decades
caused by enrichment with nutrients. In the upper and
middle bay, and several tributaries, concentrations of
algae present during the summer months have in-
creased since the mid 1960's. There have been de-
creases in the clarity of the water associated with in-
creased algal stocks. Nutrient concentrations have
also increased, phosphorus more notably so than ni-
trogen. In some of the tributaries increased algal pro-
duction has led to reduced concentrations of oxygen
below the halocline in the middle part of the estuary.
Oxygen concentrations in the open bay have not
changed greatly with the possible exception of ex-
treme conditions, as during periods of extensive ice
cover. Since 1969 or 1970, however, stocks of many
anadromous species and marine spawners represent-
ing higher tropic levels have declined to new long-time
lows.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution,
•Chesapeake Bay, Climatic changes, History, Nutri-
ents, Concentration(Composition), Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Nitrogen, Marine fishes, Biological productivity,
Shellfish, Turbidity, Coliform bacteria, Chlorophylls,
Iron, Salinity, Patuxent River, Potomac River, 'Eutro-
phication, Tropic level.
PB82-265489 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Sediment Suspension and Resuspenslon from
Small-Craft Induced Turbulence,
Anne Arundel Community Coll., Arnold, MD. Environ-
mental Center.
Hermann Gucinski. Sep 82,73p EPA-600/3-82-084,,
EPA/CBP-TR-006S
Contract EPA-78-D-X0426
The objective of this study was to determine if small
vessels, operating in shallow waters, have any meas-
urable effects in producing increased turbidities by the
resuspension of fine sediments which may affect sub-
merged aquatic vegetation (SAV). A two-phase ap-
proach was used, consisting of field tests in a suitable
sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay, and laboratory
measurements of propeller effects. During field trials,
two different vessel types were used to make passes
at set speeds over known water depths. Before and
after measurements of light extinction, transmission,
and gravimetric suspended sediment determinations
were used to identify effects. Laboratory experiments
were conducted to delineate propeller contribution to
possible resuspension; this was done using laser-
doppler anemometry to map the turbulence field pro-
duced by propeller action.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Suspended sediments,
'Boats, 'Turbidity, 'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake
Bay, Plant ecology, Field tests, Damage, Propeller
blades, Turbulent flow, Tugboats, Gravimetric analy-
sis, Light transmission, Anemometers, Lasers, Photo-
meters, 'Habitats.
PB82-265612 PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the inorganic
Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Final rept,
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Henry Cruse, Michael Wamer, Bonnie J. Parrott,
Chester Kaminski, and Mahendra L. Shah. Jun 82,
953p EPA-440/1-82/007
Thirty five inorganic chemical product subcategories
were screened for the purpose of establishing
wastewater effluent limitations guidelines for existing
sources, standards of performance for new sources,
and pretreatment standards for new and existing
sources in this study. Some are as follows: Chlor-
Alkali, Hydrofluoric Acid, Chrome Pigments, Hydro-
chloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon
Monoxide and by-product Hydrogen, Boric Acid, and
Sulfur Dioxide.
December 1983 1371
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: * Water pollution, 'Inorganic compounds,
•Chemical industry. Standards, Regulations, Industrial
waste treatment Water pollution control, Technology,
Cost analysis, Sources, 'New source performance
standards, 'Water pollution abatement Point sources,
Best technology.
PB82-266156 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Distribution and Abundance of Waterfowl and
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake
Bay. Rept for 1 Aug 78-31 Dec 80,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD. Migratory Bird
and Habitat Research Lab.
Robert E. Munro, and Matthew C. Perry. Sep 82,193p
EPA-600/3-62-082,, EPA/CBP-TR-001S
Waterfowl species populations in Maryland and Virgin-
ia portions of Chesapeake Bay were examined during
long-term and current (1972-1980) periods to identify
trends in distribution and abundance. Comparisons
were also made between State and Atlantic Flyway
populations and waterfowl species distributions
among survey areas. Distribution and abundance of
submerged aquatic vegetation among waterfowl
survey areas in Md. were summarized for 7 plant spe-
cies during 9 years (1971 -1979). These data (SAV spe-
cies combined) were used to test the hypothesis that
annual variation in area populations of waterfowl was
related to variation in the abundance of SAV, following
an adjustment for annual variation in the general abun-
dance of waterfowl. There were few statistically signifi-
cant relationships between distribution and abundance
of waterfowl and SAV.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Birds, 'Ecology, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Surveys, Dtetntxrtion
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
$40.00/year; all others write for quote. Also available
with Set B, as PB82-921900.
Since 1970 when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufactures active ingredients, tolerances for resi-
dues, and site and pest information for particular prod-
ucts and active chemical ingredients. Set A contains
the Product Manager assignments, Pesticide Prod-
ucts, numerically and alphabetically, Pesticide Compa-
nies, numerically and alphabetically, Chemical Refer-
ence file, alphabetically and numerically, Tolerance
File by chemical and commodity, inverted Chemical/
Registration Number, Pesticide Label Data and 24C
applications by state.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Businesses, Toxic tolerances. Microfilm,
Labels, Information, Licenses, Consumer products.
PB82-922100 Standing Order
Pesticide Information on Microfiche, Set B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 82,1336pEPA-540/9-82-008
Supersedes PB81-922100. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (7th edi-
tion).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$120.00/year; all others write for quote. Also available
witnSetA,asPB82-921900.
Since 1970 when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufactures active ingredients, tolerances for resi-
dues, and site and pest information for particular prod-
ucts and active chemical ingredients. Set B contains
Pest/Site Data with options as to the level of site spec-
ificity at which you access the site/pest/chemical/reg-
istration number/ and chemical/site/pest/registration
number fiche sets. The new generic sites are referred
to as supra qualified sites.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Businesses, Toxic tolerances,
Microfilm, Labels, Information, Pests, Licenses, Sites,
Herbicides, Fungicides, Consumer products.
PB83-100016 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, Part
3. Final rept,
TetraTech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
W. B. Mills, J. D. Dean, D. B. Porcella, S. A. Gherini,
and R. J. M. Hudson. Sep 82,508p EPA-600/6-82-
004C
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
See also Part 2, PB83-153130.
New technical developments in the field of water qual-
ity assessment and a reordering of water quality prior-
ities prompted a revision of Water Quality Assessment
A Screening Methodology for Nondesignated 208
Areas (EPA-600/9-77-023). The utility of the revised
manual is enhanced by the inclusion of information on
the accumulation, transport, and fate of toxic chemi-
cals in the environment. The user is now capable of as-
sessing the loading and fate of conventional pollutants
(temperature, biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved
oxygen, nutrients, and sediments) and toxic pollutants
in streams, impoundments and estuaries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
Manuals, Selection, Assessments, Streams, Estuaries,
Reservoirs, Temperature, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutrients, Sediments,
Toxicity, Organic loading.
PB83-100412 PC A04/MF A01
The National Air Pollution Background Network
1976-1980. Project rept. May 76-Dec 80,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Gary Evans, Peter Finkelstein, Barry Martin, Norman
Possiel, and Maurice Graves. Aug 82,56p EPA-600/4-
82-058
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in coopera-
tion with the U.S. Forest Service has established a net-
work of air monitoring stations designed to measure
levels of ozone in remote areas within the contiguous
48 states. There are currently eight sites, at various
National Forests, which measure ozone, wind speed
and direction, temperature, relative humidity, and solar
radiation. This is a study of the network data gathered
from 1976 through 1980 with analytical emphasis on
the year 1979, for which the most complete meteoro-
logical and ozone records were available. The mean
ozone level for 1979 at these sites fell within the range
of 0.025 ppm to 0.04 ppm. At most sites, there were
several days in 1979 when hourly concentrations of
ozone exceeded 0.08 ppm. Examination of several in-
dividual days in 1979 with relatively high ozone levels
using a back trajectory model showed that in almost all
of these cases, the air had passedover large urban
areas within the previous three days. The hypothesis is
presented that high levels of ozone at remote sites
may be due in part to the long range transport of ozone
and/or its precursors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, Oxygen toxteity,
Monitors, Standards, Regression analysis, 'Photo-
chemical oxidants, 'Environmental monitoring, Air pol-
lution monitors, Cluster analysis, National forests.
PB83-101329 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Rain Mitigation Study. Volume I: FGD Cost
Estimates, Technical rept. (Final) Feb 80-Feb 82.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. G. Ball, and W. R. Menzies. Sep 82,164p RAD-81-
203-001-12-23, EPA-600-2-82-070A
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 3, PB83-101337.
The report gives results of work to provide a consistent
set of capital investment and operating costs for flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) systems retrofitted to exist-
ing industrial boilers. The investigation of wet lime-
stone scrubbers and lime spray drying FGD systems
included: (1) the apparent discontinuities in both FGD
system capital investment and operating costs; (2)
FGD retrofit factors applied to existing boilers based
on published reports; and (3) differences between
PEDCo Environmental, Inc. and TVA cost estimates
for utility boiler FGD systems. These costing issues
were examined on the bases of design scope, costing
factors (for equipment installation, indirect investment,
etc.), year of costs, inherent strengths and weakness-
es, and published data of actual system costs. Recom-
mendations are made for the cost bases to use in fur-
ther acid rain studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Cost analysis.
Scrubbers, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Calci-
um oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Flue gases, Boilers, 'Acid rain, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB83-101337 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Rain Mrtagation Study. Volume III: Industrial
Boilers and Processes. Final rept Feb 80-Feb 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. G. Ball, C. A. Muela, and J. L Meling. Sep 82,90p
RAD-81-203-001-12-24, EPA-600/2-82-070C
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 1, PB83-101329.
The report gives results of a 4-month study of existing
industrial sources of SO2 emissions in the Acid Rain
Mitigation Study (ARMS) region, including all the
states east of the Mississippi River, as well as MN, IA,
MO, AR, LA, ND, SD, NE, KS, OK, and TX. Study aims
were to: (1) identify and characterize existing industrial
sources of S02 emissions, (2) identify control tech-
niques that can be used to reduce SO2 emissions from
these sources, and (3) estimate the SO2 emission re-
ductin potential and the associated costs in constant
1980 dollars based on application of these controls.
Simplifying assumptions were made for the balance of
the SO2 sources studied. In addition, since sites were
not visited, the remaining useful lives of the sources
were not determined, and average FGD unit retrofit
factors were estimated. Recommendations concern-
ing the use of study results are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boilers, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution
control, Cost analysis. Capitalized costs, 'Acid rain,
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-101501 CP T02
Data File of UNC Outdoor Chamber Study. Data
file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Marcia C. Dodge, and Harvey E. Jeffries. 1982, mag
tapeEPA/DF-82/013
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
The smog chamber facility of the University of North
Carolina was used in a study to collect experimental
data for developing and testing kinetic mechanisms of
photochemical smog formation. In this study, 115 dual
all-day experiments were conducted using NOx and a
variety of organic species. Measurements as a func-
tion of time were obtained for hydrocarbons, selected
oxygenates, CO, PAN, HNO3, organic nitrates, NO,
NO2, O3, total solar radiation, ultraviolet, dew point
and temperature. All data obtained in the study are
stored on the computer magnetic tape and are suitable
for use in developing and testing kinetic mechanisms
of photochemical smog formation.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Smog, Test
chambers, Reaction kinetics, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen dioxide, Ozone, Nitric acid, Organic nitrates,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB83-102004 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines New Source Performance
Standards for the Metal Finishing Point Source
Category*
Hamilton Standard, Hartford, CT.
Richard J. Kinch. Aug 82,665p EPA-440/1 -82/091-B
Contract EPA-68-01-5827
The purpose of the Proposed Development Document
for Metal Finishing is to present the findings pf the EPA
wastewater study of the Metal Finishing Point Source
Category. The document (1) explains which processes
in the industry are regulated; (2) discusses the genera-
tion of wastewater pollutants in metal finishing; and (3)
explains how the actual limitations were developed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal finishing,
Industrial waste treatment, Regulations, Standards,
Cost analysis, Guidelines, 'Point sources, Water pollu-
tion abatement. Oil pollution, Best technology, New
source performance standards.
PB83-102384 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Calculation of Day-Night Levels (Ldn) Resulting
from Highway Traffic. Final rept.,
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Canoga Park, CA.
Myles A. Simpson. Aug 82, 213p BBN-4207, EPA-550/
9-82-430
Contract EPA-68-01 -4388
This manual presents calculation procedures for esti-
mating the day-night sound level (Ldn) resulting from
motor vehicle traffic on highways and other major
roadways. Using the procedures in this manual one
can estimate the day-night sound levels at individual
locations which are exposed to the noise of automo-
biles, medium trucks, heavy trucks, and motorcycles.
The procedures in this manual involve simple, easy to
use charts and graphs in order to estimate day-night
levels near roadways. This manual is therefore de-
December 1983 1373
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
signed for those who do not necessarily have any
training in the fields of acoustics or noise prediction; it
is intended for use by land use planners, developers,
designers, and others who wish a quick method for es-
timating the noise exposure at a location near a road-
way.
Keywords: 'Highways, 'Transportation noise. Diurnal
variations, Estimating, Predictions, Urban areas, Data
acquisition. Noise pollution, Rural areas, 'Noise levels,
'Noise exposure, Noise prediction.
PB83-102699 PC A23/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Michigan, Water Year
1981. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
Jun 82,538p USGS-WRD-MI-81-1, USGS/WRD/HD-
81/043
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan.
See also PB81-224180.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, ana water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water temperature of ground water. This report con-
tains discharge records for 178 gaging stations; stage
only records for 4 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 45 continu-
ous-record stations; and water levels for S3 observa-
tion wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters. 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrotogic data,
Dtscharge(Water), Water levels.
PM3-102707 PC A1S/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Washington, Water
Year 1960. Volume 2. Eastern Washington. Water-
data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 80.
Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA. Water Resources
Div.
Apr 82,346p USGS-WRD-WA-60-2, USGS-WRD- 81 -
017
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington.
See also Volume 2, PB81 -157695.
Water Resources data for the 1980 water year for
Washington consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
and water quality of ground-water wells. This report in
two volumes contains records for water discharge at
233 gaging stations stage only at 5 gaging stations;
stage and contents at 41 lakes and reservoirs; and
water quality at 39 gaging stations (including 6 lakes
and reservoirs) and 100 wells; and water levels at 164
observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters,
•Washington(State). Water quality, Tables(Data),
Stream flow. Flow rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs,
Water table, Temperature, 'Water quality data. *Hy-
drotogic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-10271S PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Dakota, Water
Year 1961. Water-data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 80-30
Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Huron, SD. Water Resources Div.
Jul 82,367p USGS-WRD-SD-81-1, USGS/WRD/HD-
82/037
Prepared in cooperation with the State of South
Dakota. See also PB82-101338.
Water resources data for the 1961 water year for
South Dakota consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in weds. This report contains discharge records for 104
gaging stations; stage and contents for 10 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 20 gaging stations; and
water levels for 8 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'South
Dakota, Water quality, Tabtes(Da1a), Stream flow.
Flow rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table,
Temperature, 'Water quality data, "Hydrologtc data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-102780 PC A04/MF A01
Economic Impact Assessment for the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Waste Management.
22Nov77,61p
This report assesses the cost and economic impact of
alternative ambient lead standards. The stationary
sources covered in the assessment are model primary
lead smelters, secondary lead smelters, gasoline lead
additive manufacturing plants, lead-acid bettery manu-
facturing plants, primary copper smelters, and grey
iron foundries. In addition, the potential costs of mobile
source emission control and of requisite state and
local control agency information, administration, and
enforcement activities for alternative standards are
also estimated. The alternative standards considered
are 2.0,1.5, and 1.0 g/cu m, monthly average. The de-
tailed methodology and documentation of the analysis
are provided in the report entitled 'Background Docu-
ment Supporting the Economic Impact Assessment of
the Lead Ambient Air Quality Standard'.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Standards, 'Economic
impact. Assessments, Substitutes, 'Air quality, 'Sta-
tionary sources, Emission sources.
PB83-102871 PC A03/MF A01
The Health Implications of Photochemical Oxldant
Air Pollution to Your Community.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 76,26p EPA-450/2-76-016
In many communities throughout the country, citizens
frequently breathe the air pollutant 'photochemical oxi-
danf in levels which medical research has shown to
be potentially dangerous to their hearth. Levels of this
air pollutant in most areas of the country can also
cause substantial damage to many forms of vegetation
and to a number of valuable materials such as rubber
products, painted surfaces, and fabric dyes. Practically
no city, town or community of the country fully escapes
the effects of photochemical oxidant in the air. New
and expanded efforts are underway to help bring about
control of photochemical oxidant and reduce its impact
on the general public. However, many people may not
fully understand the need for these programs and what
can be accomplished through them. This short paper
seeks to better clarify the photochemical oxidant situa-
tion for State and local government officials such as
state legislators, mayors, city councHmen, and commu-
nity air pollution control officials who have a vital rote to
play in reducing the health threat from this air pollutant.
Keywords: * Airpollution. 'Communities, Public hearth,
Urban areas, Standards, Ozone, Industrial hygiene,
*AJr quality, 'Air pollution abatement 'Photochemical
oxjdants.
PB83-103192 PC A24/MF A01
Water Resource* Data for Virginia, Water Year
1981. Water-data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
May 82.567p USGS-WRD-VA-81 -1
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Virginia. See
also PB82-113416.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains
records for water discharge at 211 gaging stations;
stage only at 1 gaging station; stage and contents at
10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 48 gaging sta-
tions and 75 wells; and water levels at 57 observation
wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Virginia,
Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams. Reservoirs, Water table. Tempera-
ture, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrotogic data,
Discharge(Water). Water levels.
PB83-103242 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Habitat Evaluation of the Upper Des Plalnes River
and Adjacent Wetlands, 1979-80. Final rept. 1979-
80,
ENCAP, Inc., De Kalb, IL.
William E. Southern. 18 Dec 80,190p EPA-905/3-81 -
002
Contract EPA-68-04-5008
From October 1979 through November 1980, a wet-
land habitat evaluation study was conducted on the
Upper Des Plaines River wetlands near the village of
Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin. The study was designed
to address the following subjects: Species diversity,
seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of non-
game and game bird species; Frequency and type of
bird use of the area during migration; Seasonal occur-
rence and relative abundance of fish species; Use of
the area for spawning, rearing, and residency by
fishes; Occurrence of invertebrate species in the river
and associated wetlands; Occurrence of other wetland
vertebrate species such as mammals, reptiles and am-
phibians; Occurrence and distribution of plant species
and their respective associations; Presence of threat-
ened or endangered species (Federal and State listed)
of plants or animals.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Invertebrates, 'Plants(Botany),
'Des Plains River, Birds, Fishes, Mammals, Reptiles,
Amphibia, Abundance, Distribution(Property), Wiscon-
sin, 'Habitats, 'Wetlands, Endangered species.
PB83-103630 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Impact Statement Wastewater
Treatment Facilities Tulsa (Northside), Oklahoma.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Aug 82,243p EPA-906/9-82-009
Grant EPA-C-40-1001-01
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement has been
prepared concurrently with the 201 Facilities Plan for
the Tulsa Northside Area. The Grantees preferred
wastewater treatment alternative is to expand and up-
grade the existing Northside Wastewater Treatment
Plant, using Advanced Waste Treatment process with
biological filters and activated sludge. The grantees
preferred residuals management, the alternative is
marketing, with no specified type, and reclamation of
abandoned strip mines at site northeast of Tulsa.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft. Upgrading, Acti-
vated sludge process, Environmental impacts, Ground
water, Construction, Wildlife, Land use, Public hearth,
Employment, Oklahoma, 'Sewage treatment plants,
Tulsa(Oklahoma), Alternative planning, Rotating disc
process, Land application.
PB83-103648 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Preliminary Feasibility of Resource Recovery for
the Cities of Oxford and Henderson, North Caroli-
na. Technical assistance program rept
CSI Resource Systems, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jan80,48p
Contract EPA-68-01-4941
The report presents the results of a preliminary deter-
mination of the feasibility of energy recovery for the
Cities of Oxford and Henderson, North Carolina, The
study contains the results of several site visits and
interviews with personnel from these Cities including
the Kerr-TAR Regional Council of Governments. First
order estimates of waste quantity, an evaluation of the
energy market potential, an assessment of solid waste
management options, an examination of legal/institu-
tional aspects and major tasks to be performed prior to
committing to implementation of a resource recovery
project were thoroughly addressed.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, North Carolina,
'Waste recycling, 'Solid waste management Solid
waste processing, Oxford(North Carolina),
Henderson(North Carolina). Granville County(North
Carolina), Vance County(North Carolina).
PB83-103994 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
1374 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Evaluation of European Power-
plant Cooling Systems: A Polish Research Project,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management,
Warsaw (Poland).
Mieczyslaw Gadkowski, Ewa Czarnecka-Nieminska,
and Hans Spoz-Dragan. Apr 82, 90p EPA-905/9-82-
003
Contents:
Equipment for water treatment and condenser
cleaning in once-through cooling systems;
Impact of open and closed cooling systems on
surface water quality;
make-up water demand and water loss in closed
cycle cooling systems.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Cooling systems,
Environmental impacts. Evaluation, Water treatment,
Water quality, Water loss, 'Foreign technology.
PB83-104034 PC A07/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Central
Hlllsborough County-Tampa, Florida: Wastewater
Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Aug 82,149p EPA-904/9-82-100
See also PB82-107905.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the City of Tampa,
the City of Temple Terrace and portions of adjacent
uninocrporataed Hillsborough County. Wastewater
management alternatives have been evaluated with
particular attention to the impacts of alternative man-
agement systems on growth patterns and primary and
secondary impacts on wetlands and other area water
resources.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal. 'Sewage treatment
'Environmental impact statements-final, Population
growth, Estuaries, Water pollution, Bacteria, Aquatic
plants, Aquatic animals, Environmental impacts, Right
of way acquisition, Land use, Population growth, Flori-
da, Hillsborough County(Florida), Wetlands,
TampafFlorida).
PB83-105064 PC A14/MF A01
Air Pollution Control Techniques for Non-Metallic
Minerals Industry. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 82,314p EPA-450/3-82-014
Air pollution control technologies for the control of par-
ticulate emissions from non-metallic mineral process-
ing plants are evaluated. Specific control technologies
considered include the use of local ventilation followed
by fabric filter collection and wet dust suppression
techniques. Performance data based on mass particu-
late measurements and visual observations are pre-
sented. In addition, the capital and annuafeed emis-
skxi control costs for several model plant sizes are es-
timated.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Dust control, Cost estimates,
Quarrying, Crushing, Grinding, Environmental impacts,
Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution control, 'Miner-
als industry, Fabric filters, Wet methods. Fugitive emis-
sions, Baghouses.
PB83-105098 PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year
1981. Volume 2: Colorado River Basin above Dolo-
res River. Annual rept. 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
1981.371p USGS/WRD/HD-82-035, USGS/WDR/
CO-81-2
See also PB82-188293. Prepared in cooperation with
the State of Colorado and with other agencies.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1981 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, 30 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 50 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
163 gaging stations and 300 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Colorado River Basin, 'Water quality data,
'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels, Low
flow.
PB83-105122 PC A05/MF A01
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH.
A Prototype Gas Analysis System Using a Minia-
ture Gas Chromatograph. Technical rept,
Stanford Univ., CA. Integrated Circuits Lab.
James B. Angell, John H. Jerman, Stephen C. Terry,
and Soheil Saadat. Apr 81,78p DHHS/PUB/NIOSH-
81-115,, EPA-700/7-80-184
Contract PHS-NIOSH-210-77-0159
A prototype miniature gas Chromatograph, capable of
real time analysis of atmospheric gas samples, was
developed. Integrated circuit processing techniques
were used to miniaturize the components of a gas
Chromatograph system to a size compatible with a
portable package. All components of the Chromato-
graph were made by micromachining technique. A so-
phisticated microcomputer system controls all aspects
of the operation. The system automatically samples
the air and measures the concentrations of up to 10
contaminant vapors, calculates and stores the con-
taminant concentrations, and estimates the average
worker exposure factor. The instrument can be used
as a survey instrument when rapid analysis is required
and as an exposure monitor to perform automatic anal-
ysis at approximately 1.5 minute intervals. The authors
conclude that this instrument should enhance the abili-
ty to monitor worker exposures to toxic gases.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Gas chromatography, 'Gas analysis. Exposure,
Toxicity, Inspection, Hazardous materials, Chemical
analysis, Monitors, Laboratory equipment, Design,
Performance evaluation, Air pollution, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Computer
aided analysis, Indoor air pollution.
PB83-105536 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatment Compatibility of Municipal Waste and
Biologically Hazardous Industrial Compounds.
Volume I. Final rept. 15 Jul 77-15 Jul 79,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. F. Gaudy, Jr., D. F. Kincannon, and T. S.
Manfckham. Jun 82,203p EPA-600/2-82-075A
Grant EPA-R-805242
See also Volume 2, PB83-105544.
The overall objective of this research was to gain infor-
mation on the effect of priority pollutants on the per-
formance of publicly owned treatment works employ-
ing activated sludge as the method of secondary treat-
ment. The study was designed to gain information on
the effects of a wide array of compounds and to deter-
mine the most useful study procedures to be used in
assessing effects for the purpose of aiding the Agency
in formulating regulatory policy in regard to pretreat-
ment prior to discharge to the publicly owned treat-
ment works.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, Pilot plants, Performance evaluation.
PB83-105S44 PC A13/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatment Compatibility of Municipal Waste and
Biologically Hazardous Industrial Compounds.
Volume II (Appendix A). Final rept. 15 Jul 77-15 Jul
79,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. F. Gaudy, Jr., D. F. Kincannon, and T. S.
Manickham. Jun 82,276p EPA-600/2-82-075B
Grant EPA-R-805242
See also Volume 1, PB83-105536.
The overall objective of this research was to gain infor-
mation on the effect of priority pollutants on the per-
formance of publicly owned treatment works employ-
ing activated sludge as the method of secondary treat-
ment The study was designed to gain information on
the effects of a wide array of compounds and to deter-
mine the most useful study procedures to be used in
assessing effects for the purpose of aiding the Agency
in formulating regulatory policy in regard to pretreat-
ment prior to discharge to the publicly owned treat-
ment works. The data collected during this study were
so numerous it was impossible to include it as part of
the main report. Therefore, the appendix has been pre-
pared to prove the raw data collected during the two
year study.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, Pilot plants, Performance evaluation.
PB83-105601 PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data, Iowa, Water Year 1981.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA, Water Resources
Div.
14 Apr 82,268p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /023, USGS-
WDR-IA-81-1
See also PB81-213399. Prepared in cooperation with
the Iowa Geological Survey and with other State and
Federal agencies.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Iowa
consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This
report contains discharge records for 119 gaging sta-
tions; stage and contents for 7 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 25 gaging stations; and water levels
for 34 observation wells. Also included are 124 crest-
stage partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Iowa,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water wells, Water table,
Temperature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-105643 PC A14/MF A01
Final Emvlronmental Impact Statement for South-
em Region, Palm Beach County, Florida
Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Aug 82, 303p EPA/904/9-82-099
See also PB82-108838.
The final Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for the City of Boca
Raton Florida and adjacent areas of unincorporated
Palm Beach County. Ten wastewater management al-
ternatives have been evaluated with particular atten-
tion to water quality in the area's surface and ground-
water resources and the impacts of projected popula-
tion growth on the natural and human resources of the
Southern Palm Beach area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Feasibility, Water quality,
Water resources, Population growth, Cost analysis,
Land use, Maps, Florida, 'Sewage treatment plants,
'Land application, Palm Beach County(Florida).
PB83-105742 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Use for PCB-
Contalning Electrical Equipment. Final rept.,
Putnam, Hayes and Bartlett, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Charles J. Queenan, III, Michael M. Schnitzer, Amy
Moll, and Sammy K. Ng. Jul 82,203p EPA-560/4-82-
004
Contracts EPA-68-01-5943, EPA-68-01-6287
On 12 February 1981, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit ordered EPA to conduct a
rutemaking concerning the use of Polychlorinated Bi-
phenyls (PCBs) in electrical equipment. EPA is now au-
thorizing the use of PCBs in eight types of equipment.
This Regulatory Impact Analysis was prepared to ac-
company the final rule. For each equipment type, the
base case is the case where the use of all PCS equip-
ment is authorized indefinitely. Alternatives include
equipment phase-outs of varying length, retrofilling,
secondary containment, and inspection and mainte-
nance programs to reduce spill volume and/or expo-
sure. The benefits of alternative regulations are the
avoided injury to health and environment that would
December 1983 1375
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
otherwise have resulted from the incremental release
of PCBs into the environment.
Keywords: 'Electric equipment, 'Regulations, Eco-
nomic impact, Transformers, Materials replacement,
Capacitors, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB83-106021 PC AM/MF A01
Pesticide Data Submitters List (Seventh Edition,
July 1982). Rept. Dec 69-Jul 82.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jul82,1059p
Supersedes PB80-144892.
The data submitters List has been developed to assist
pesticide applicants in fulfilling their obligations as re-
quired by Sections 3(c)(1 )(D) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Fed-
eral Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodentfcide Act
(FIFRA) and 40 CFR Section 162.9-1 through 162.9-8
regarding compensation for data from another compa-
ny used to support a registration. Each succeeding edi-
tion has been more specific regarding which data sub-
mitters want compensation for their data and what
general types of data the various firms have submitted.
Most data submitters have assisted the Agency in de-
veloping a useful list by filling out an Agency question-
naire in 1979 about their data and whether they wished
to be retained on the data submitters list. Of those re-
plying, most submitters wished to have their names re-
moved from the list and that has been done.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Data, Chemical compounds,
Coding, lndexes(Documentation), Listings.
PB83-106237 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Air Quality Modeling and the Ctowi Air Act Rec-
ommendation* to EPA on Dtepwclon Modeling for
Regulatory Application*.
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
1981,299p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Through the Clean Air Act and its amendments, the
U.S. government endeavors to protect and enhance
the quality of the nation's air resources by a variety of
air quality management systems. Source emissions,
meteorological observations, air quality models, and
air quality data are the basic components of an air
quality management system. Air quality models pro-
vide a scientific means of relating emissions and at-
mospheric processes to provide estimates of ambient
air quality values. The models consist of mathematical
equations relating the release of effluents into the at-
mosphere to expected concentrations in ambient air.
Air quality models, therefore, can be used to identify
and to evaluate the level of controls required to solve
industrial and urban air-pollution problems. This report
addresses the use of air quality models in a regulatory
framework and represents the effort of the American
Meteorological Society (AMS) under the original Coop-
erative Agreement with the Environmental Protection
Agency, September 6,1979, through March 31, 1981.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models. Reg-
ulations, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Urban areas, 'Air quality, 'Clean Air Act 'Air pollution
abatement
PB83-106757 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analyst* of Pollution Control
Technotogto* for Segment* of the Inorganic
Chemical* Manufacturing Industry. Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
May 82,447p EPA-440/2-81-023
Contract EPA-68-01-4618
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent guidelines and limitations for the Inorganic
Chemicals Manufacturing Industry in July 1982. This
report estimates the economic impact of pollution con-
trol costs in terms of price changes, effects on profit-
ability, potential plant closures, unemployment and
other secondary effects. A model plant approach is
used to assess these impacts for ten chemical subca-
tegories. In nine of the ten subcategories, impacts are
minimal. For plants in the chrome pigments subcate-
gory, price and profitability impacts are significant and
production Brie closures are possible.
Keywords: 'Inorganic compounds, 'Chemical indus-
try, 'Economic impact, 'Water pollution economics,
Chlorine, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Cost esti-
mates, Copper sulfate, Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen
fluoride, Nickel sulfates, Sodium sulfites, Titanium di-
oxide, Technology, Assessment, Best technology, Alu-
minum fluoride, Sodium dichromate.
PB83-106914 PC A04/MF A01
Missouri Basin States Association, Omaha, NE.
Water Conservation Planning Workshop. Before
the Well Run* Dry: A Workshop on How to Design
a Local Water Conservation Plan.
Lawson (Barry) Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.
1982,71 p*
Sponsored in part by Missouri Basin States Associa-
tion, Omaha, NE., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The report includes a series of lectures and case stud-
ies with practical considerations for developing a water
conservation plan for the average community. The
study reviews water shortages, and presents methods
for making improvements by establishing conservation
policies.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Meetings, Manage-
ment Supply(Economics), Demand(Economics),
Measuring instruments, Maintenance, Watersheds,
Evaporation, Leakage, Water pipes, Attitudes, Waste
water reuse, Education, Prices, Water consumption,
Law enforcement, Washing machines, Toilet facilities,
'Water rates, 'Water saving devices.
PB83-106997 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement Twin Oak Steam
Electric Station, Robertson County, Texas (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Sep 82,353p EPA-906/9-82-010
EPA is considering issuance of a NPDES permit to
TUGCO for discharge of cooling water from two 750
MW power generating units into Duck Creek, a tribu-
tary of the Navasota River. Approximately 3,393 acres
will be utilized for the power plant site, including 2,330
acres for a cooling reservoir (Twin Oak Reservoir) con-
structed on Duck Creek. Make-up water to fill or sup-
plement the reservoir will be pumped via a 12-mile
(109-acre) pipeline from Lake Limestone. Wastes such
as bottom ash, fly ash, and other solids will be dis-
posed in on-site landfills. Adverse effects from mining
and reclamation include many of the above as well as
an overall leveling of topography; possible decreased
acreages of prime farmland; minor reduction in hunting
and recreational opportunity; lowering of groundwater
levels locally; possible acid leaching; and potential dis-
turbance arid mitigation of historic or prehistoric sites.
Keywords: 'Cooling water, 'Steam electric power gen-
eration, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft. Reservoirs, Construction, Fly ash.
Right of way acquisition, Land use, Soil erosion, Water
pollution, Noise pollution, Runoff, Air pollution, Wildlife,
Farms, Texas, Twin Oak steam electric station, Rob-
ertson County(Texas), Habitats.
PB83-107334 PC A1S/MF A01
Water Resource* Data, New York, Water Year
1981. Volume 1: Eastern New York Excluding
Long Island. Annual rept 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey. Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
May 82,334p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /018, USGS-WRD-
NY-81-1
See also PB81-227308. Prepared in cooperation with
the State of New York and with other agencies.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-
water wells. This volume contains records for water
discharge at 105 gaging stations; stage only at 6
gaging stations; and stage and contents at 4 gaging
stations and 19 other lakes and reservoirs; water qual-
ity at 29 gaging stations, 5 precipitation stations and 4
partial-record stations; and water levels at 23 observa-
tion wells. Also included are data for 50 crest-stage
and 14 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional
water data were collected at various sites not involved
in the systematic data-collection program and are pub-
lished as miscellaneous measurements and analyses.
These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3
represent that part of the National Water Data System
operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperat-
ing State, local, and Federal agencies in New York.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Saint Lawrence River Basin, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water),
Water levels, Eastern Region(New York).
PB83-107342 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research
TrianaglePark,NC.
CHAVG - A Program for Computing Average* of
Hourly Air Pollutant Concentrations, User's Guide,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
Joseh A. Catalano, and Frank V. Hale, III. Sep 82,67p
EPA-600/8-82-015
Contract EPA-68-02-3442
CHAVG is a postprocessor program for computing run-
ning averages (averages that begin each hour and
overlap) and end-to-end averages (averages that do
not overlap) from hourly concentration files. Since run-
ning averages are greater than or equal to the end-tc-
end averages, there frequently may be a need to ana-
lyze concentration data (from measurement or from air
quality simulation models, such as, the UNAMAP
series) using both methods of averaging. Calculations
are made for selected receptors, and these values are
ranked for each of four averaging periods plus a fifth
period selected by the user. Output tables are generat-
ed for each averaging period for each type of average
selected by the user. This document describes the
input, processing, and output of the program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Computer programs, Fortran, 'Air quality, Point
sources CHAVG computer program.
PB83-107417 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Coal Gasification/Gas Cleanup Teat Facility:
Volume III. Environmental Assessment of Oper-
ation with New Mexico Subbltuminous Coal and
Chilled Methanol. Rept for Aug 80-Jun 81,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau, R. M. Kelly,
and M. J. Purdy. Aug 82,21 Op EPA-600/7-82-054
See also Volume 1, PB80-188378.
The report concerns the second major study carried
out on a pilot-scale coal gasification/gas cleaning test
facility, namely, the steam-oxygen gasification of a
New Mexico subbituminous coal using refrigerated
methanol as the acid gas removal solvent. The report
briefly describes the facility; summarizes gasifier oper-
ation using the New Mexico coal; gives results of math-
ematical modeling of the gasifier, detailed chemical
analyses of gasifier effluent streams, and operation of
the acid gas removal system using the gasifier make-
gas as feed; and summarizes results of mathematical
model development for the acid gas absorber column.
Several trace sulfur compounds and aliphatic hydro-
carbons were found to distribute among all exit
streams from the acid gas removal system. In addition,
a wide range of simple aromatic hydrocarbons were
found to accumulate in the recirculated methanol.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal gasification,
Subbituminous coal, Carbinols, Gas scrubbing, Test
facilities, Servants, Effluents, Chemical analysis, Math-
ematical models.
PB83-107441 PC A04/MF A01
Vegetative Delineation of Coastal Salt Marsh
Boundaries: Evaluation of Methodology. Final
rept,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. Peter Eilers, Alan Taylor, and William Sanville. Sep
82,59p EPA-600/3-82-037
Legislation mandating the protection of wetlands and
current pressures to convert them to other uses em-
phasize the need to accurately determine a wetland-
upland boundary. The authors investigated six meth-
ods designed to establish such a boundary based on
vegetation. Each method was applied to a common
data set obtained from 295 quadrats along 22 tran-
1376 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sects between marsh and upland in 13 Oregon and
Washington intertidal saline wetlands. The multiple oc-
currence, joint occurrence, and five percent methods
required plant species to be classified as salt marsh,
upland, and non-indicator; cluster and similarity meth-
ods required no initial classification. Close agreement
between wetland-upland boundaries determined by
the six methods suggests that preclassification of
plants and collection of plant cover data may not be
necessary to determine a defensible boundary. Exam-
ples of each method and lists of indicator plant species
for coastal California, Oregon, and Washington are
provided.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Boundaries, 'Marshes,
•Coasts, Classifications, Plants(Botany), Indicator
species. Conservation, Cluster sampling, Statistical
analysis, California, Oregon, Washington(State), *Salt
Marshes.
PB83-107458 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Workshops on the Federal Reference Method for
Determination of Inhalable Particles (1979, 1980),
Workshop rept,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edward R. Kashdan, and Madhav B. Ranade. Sep 82,
80p EPA-600/4-82-063
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is consid-
ering promulgating a new ambient air quality standard
for inhalable particles (IP). An immediate consequence
of the new standard will be the specification of a feder-
al reference method for measuring inhalable particles.
Two workshops concerned with this subject were
sponsored by EPA's Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Laboratory. The first workshop was held at Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina on October 1 and
2,1980. At this workshop recent developments in par-
ticle sampling were presented. Tentative test proce-
dures for demonstrating sampler performance were
also discussed. The second workshop was held at Fort
Collins, Colorado on November 18-20, 1980. Testing
procedures and wind tunnel requirements were formu-
lated and/or revised during this workshop.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Gas detectors, 'Particles,
•Meetings, 'Standards, Sampling, Performance eval-
uation, Wind tunnels. Test chambers,
Concentration(Composition), 'Federal reference
method.
PB83-107466 PC A13/MF A01
Office of Research and Development. Municipal Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The Use of Wetlands for Water Pollution Control.
Final rept Jun 78-May 81,
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley CA.
Emy Chan, Taras A. Bursztynsky, Norman Hantzsche,
and Yoram J. LJtwin. Sep 82,276p EPA-600/2-82-086
Grant EPA-R-806357
Wetlands such as marshes, swamps and artificial wet-
lands, have been shown to remove selected pollutants
from urban stormwater runoff and treated municipal
wastewaters. Wetlands have produced reduction in
BOD, pathogens, and some hydrocarbons, and excel
in nitrogen removal. They have been reported to act as
sinks for trace metals, phosphorus and suspended
solids. Physical pollutant removal mechanisms in wet-
lands include sedimentation, coagulation, chemical fil-
tration, volatilization, adsorption and chelation. Vege-
tative mechanisms include absorption through roots,
stems and leaves, filtration and chemical transforma-
tions in the plants. Although individual plant species
have been studied for their pollutant removal proper-
ties, the interaction of numerous plant and animal spe-
cies in pollutant removal in a wetland is not well under-
stood.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Swamps, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Vegetation, Adsorption, Settling, Coagulation, Va-
porizing, Nitrogen, Biochemical oxygen demand. Phos-
phorus, Oxidation reduction reactions, Photochemical
reactions, Hydrocarbons, Anaerobic processes, Aero-
bic processes, Microorganisms, Respiration, Hydrolo-
gy, Wetlands, 'Storm water runoff.
PB83-107474 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A Pneumatic Conveying Test Rig for Municipal
Solid Waste Fractions,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Marc L. Renard. Sep 82,72p EPA-600/2-82-083
Grant EPA-R-806709
This report analyzes the material properties and
system parameters relevant to the pneumatic convey-
ing of municipal solid waste and its processed frac-
tions. Comparisons are made with the conveying of
conventional industrial feedstocks, and a rationale for
sizing and specification of a pneumatic conveying test
rig is developed. The test assembly is to be used at
solid rates ranging from a few to 20 to 30 Mg/h, on ma-
terials such as shredded municipal solid waste, refuse-
derived fuel, canstock, etc., to study the dependency
of the operating parameters and conditions on the
conveying velocity, solids-to-air ratio, and product
characteristics. Cost and sizing of the conveying test
rig is established from this analysis and from manufac-
turers' quotes. Tradeoffs between outright purchase
and testing for a fee are examined.
Keywords: 'Wastes, 'Pneumatic conveyors, 'Test fa-
cilities, Materials handling equipment, Feeders, Tech-
nology assessment, Design, Cost analysis, Solid
wastes, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB83-107482 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Considerations In Selecting Conveyors for Solid
Waste Applications,
National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., Wash-
ington, DC.
Zahid Khan, Marc L. Renard, and Jay Campbell. Sep
82,134p EPA-600/2-82-082
Grant EPA-R-806709
An engineering evaluation and experimental program
involving several types of conveyors applied to proc-
essed fractions of municipal solid wastes was conduct-
ed by the National Center for Resource Recovery. This
final project report discusses the properties and char-
acteristics of waste affecting conveyability and pre-
sents experimentally determined values or observed
characteristics. A procedure is developed for the se-
lection, assessment and operation of belt conveyors
based on spillage rate. Corroborating experimental re-
sults from a recirculating test rig operated with six
waste fractions over a range of belt configurations, ve-
locities and flow rates are presented. Experiments
conducted on a vibrating pan conveyor with six feed-
stocks and over a range of frequencies and stroke
length, and on a small apron conveyor (batch basis on
two feedstocks), are described and the test results
analyzed.
Keywords: 'Wastes, 'Materials handling, 'Conveyors,
Performance evaluation, Belt conveyors, Oscillating
conveyors, Feeders, Flow rate, Velocity, 'Apron con-
veyors, Solid wastes, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB83-107490 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Organic Audit Materials and Results of
Source Test Analysis Audits. Status rept 4,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, W. F. Gutknecht, and C. E. Decker.
Sep 82,77p RTI-2218-35-01, EPA-600/4-82-064
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
A repository of 40 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sulfur species has been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to corroborate the ven-
dor's certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house
analysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mix-
tures with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to explore
the feasibility of new audit materials as requested by
EPA. Thus far, 18 compounds have been used to con-
duct 86 different audits. The results of these audits and
a description of the experimental procedures used for
analyses and available stability data are presented in
the status report. Seventy percent of the audit results
are within 10 percent of the expected values. Com-
pound stabilities have been determined through multi-
ple analyses of the cylinders containing them. Stability
values for all compounds are expressed as percent
change per month. Calculated changes are typically
found to be a few tenths of one percent per month,
though many of these changes may not be significantly
different from zero.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Halogen or-
ganic compounds, 'Sulfur organic compounds, 'Audit-
ing, *Air pollution, Stability, State government,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality.
PB83-107748 PC A04/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Raleigh,
NC.
Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Ethylene: A
Literature Review. Environmental health series: air
pollution,
Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Environmental
Systems Div.
Quade R. Stahl. Oct 69,66p APTD-69-35
Contract PH-22-68-25
This document represents a preliminary literature
review which is being used as a basis for further eval-
uation. Ethylene does not appear to present a health
hazard to humans or animals, but it is a phytotoxicant
which disrupts the normal function of plant hormones
and growth regulators. Ethylene air pollution has re-
sulted primarily from automobile exhaust and other
combustion sources. However, industrial emissions of
ethylene can be a local source of contamination. Ethe-
lene undergoes photooxidation reactions with nitrogen
oxides, resulting in the formation of formaldehyde
carbon monoxide and ozone.
Keywords: 'Ethylene, 'Air pollution, Public health, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes. Surveys,
Plants(Botany), Photochemical reactions. Oxidation,
Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-107763 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Optimization of Biological Recycling of Plant Nu-
trients In Livestock Waste by Utilizing Waste Heat
from Cooling Water. Final rept. May 75-Sep 81,
National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle
Shoals, AL.
J. J. Maddox, L L. Behrends, D. W. Burch, J. B.
Kingsley, and E. L Waddell, Jr. May 82,154p EPA-
600/7-82-041
The report summarizes a 5-year study of the beneficial
uses of waste heat from condenser cooling water from
steam-electric generating plants. The major effort ad-
dressed the recovery of plant nutrients in swine
manure by aquatic farming of selected fish and Chi-
nese waterchestnuts. Another effort included biogas
production from swine manure in an anaerobic digest-
er and the use of the digester waste to fertilize the
aquatic farming system. Optimum recovery of plant nu-
trients resulted from operation of an integrated fish
and waterchestnut system. Flowing water systems
were 30-50% more productive than static systems.
Annual fish yields of 5000-7000 Ib/acre are projected
for a properly stocked system over a 150-180 day
growing period. Similarly, waterchestnut yields of
nearly 17.8 tons/acre and dry hay yields of 6.7 tons/
acre from sand-bed filters would be expected when
fed wastewater from the fish system. The quality of the
water leaving the sand beds would meet tertiary
wastewater treatment standards during the growing
season. An estimated 2000-head swine facility with a
$400,000 investment would annually produce a 20%
rate of return, save 360,000 bbl of oil through waste
heat utilization, and produce biogas equivalent to 3000
bbl of oil.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Cooling water,
'Aquaculture, Algae, Steam electric power generation,
Nutrients, Aquatic plants, Water pollution, Swine, Fer-
tilizers, Anaerobic processes,
Digestion(Decomposition), Methane, 'Waste heat utili-
zation, 'Manure, 'Waste water reuse, Steam power
plants, Biogas.
PB83-109223 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
December 1983 1377
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Assessment of the Urban Paniculate
Problem. Volume VI: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Fined rept,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Gordon I- Dearie, and Frank Record. Jun 76,114p
EPA-450/3-76-026d
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See also PB-263665.
The report presents the analyses of the paniculate sit-
uation in the Caty of Philadelphia conducted as part of
the study for the national assessment of the problem
of attainment or nonattainment of the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for particulates. The City of
Philadelphia represents a highly industrialized area,
with above average heating requirements and an aver-
age amount of rain, that has had some success in re-
' ' | emissions and paniculate concentrations
i the standards have not been attained. Auto-re-
f factors have been implicated as a major contrib-
uting source to the ambient levels of particulates in
Philadelphia, so this report provides special emphasis
in that area. In addition to the analyses of traffic-relat-
ed emissions, analyses of the air quality levels, emis-
sions, regulations, monitoring network, meteorology,
and construction are included in this report
Keywords: 'Particles, Assessments, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Exhaust emissions. Urban
areas, Concentration(Compositkxi), Meteorological
data. Dust, Aerosols, Pennsylvania, 'Air quality,
'Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB83-109348 PC AOS/MF A01
Wastewator Utfltty Recordkeeptng, Reporting and
Management Information Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jul 82,98p EPA-430/9-82-006
This purpose of this guidance document is to provide
x for wastewater utility mangers on record-
j and management systems. This information is
al to managing a utility to assure sustained ac-
ceptable performance at minimal costs.
Keywords: 'Records management 'Water pollution
control. Sewage treatment Records, Retaining, Oper-
ations, Maintenance, Public utilities, Inventories,
Scheduling, Personnel, Accounting, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants.
PB83-109645 PC A06/MF A01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Raleigh,
NC.
Preliminary Air Pollution of Asbestos: A Literature
Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Environmental
Systems Div.
RalphJ. Sullivan, and YanisC.Athanassiadis.Oct 69,
115pAPTD-69-27
Contract PH-22-68-25
Inhalation of asbestos may cause asbestosis, pleural
or peritoneal mescthefioma or lung cancer. 50 to 60
milfiofi particles per cubic foot-year is the dose esti-
mated to cause asbestosis. Likely sources of asbestos
air pollution are uses of asbestos products in the con-
struction industry and asbestos mines and factories.
No estimates on the costs of damage resulting from
asbestos air pollution were found. No satisfactory ana-
lytical method was available at the time to determine
asbestos in the atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Ar pollution. Asbestos, Sur-
veys, Sources. Industrial hygiene, Reviews, Mining en-
gineering. Occupational diseases. Costs, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Indoor air pollution, 'Occupational
safety and hearth, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pol-
lution etfects(Animals).
PB83-110122 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
PanXNC. Office of Ag Quality Planning and Standard.
MfltiofMf AssossffiOfit of uM Urtk&n f*irfIrul Bte
Problem. Volume IV: Birmingham, Alabama. Final
rept.
GCA Corp., Bedford. MA. GCA Technology Div.
David A. Lynn, and Frank Record. Jun 76,111pGCA-
TR-76-25-G(4), EPA-450/3-76-026B
Contract EPA-68-02-1376
See ateo Volume 1, PB-263665.
This document is one volume of a sixteen-volume
report presenting an overall assessment of the panicu-
late problem, which was conducted by GCA/Technol-
ogy Division for EPA. This particular document is one
of fourteen single-area volumes that provide working
summaries of data gathered in the fourteen urban
areas studied. These city reports primarily provide doc-
umentation and background information for Volume I
of the study - National Assessment of the Paniculate
Problem - Final Report Volume I should be considered
the primary output of the report.
Keywords: 'Assessments, Combustion products, Ex-
haust emissions, Urban areas, Air pollution control,
Concentratk>n(Comppsition), Monitoring, Dust, Aero-
sols, Alabama, 'Particulates, 'Birmingham(Alabama),
'Air quality, Jefferson County(Alabama).
PB83-110346 PC A03/MF A01
Approach to Developing 'De Minimis' Values for
the Noncrtteria Air Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 80,31 p
In analyzing the basis for de minimis emissions rates, it
is apparent that two distinct classes of pollutants are
involved. The class which is addressed in this paper
consists of the noncriteria pollutants for which no am-
bient air quality criteria documents exist. Rather, these
pollutants are only regulated within either the New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) or the Nation-
al Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs). both of which are based on a national
emissions standards, rather than an air quality man-
agement approach. Thus, it appears reasonable to de-
velop de minimis cutoffs from separate perspectives-
thai is, to base criteria pollutant de minimis emission
cutoffs on air quality 'design values' and to base the
noncriteria pollutants de minimis values on the emis-
sion rates embodied in the NSPS and NESHAP.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Air pollution, *De minimis,
'Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement New source per-
formance standards, National emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants.
PB83-110700 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of State and Federal ParHcutate and Visi-
ble Emission Regulations for Combustion
Source*. Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
David Dunbar, B. E. Blagun, and Donald J. Hertz. Jan
82,221 p EPA-450/2-81 -080
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
This document provides a compilation of the panicu-
late and visible emission limits from the State Imple-
mentation Plans (SIP's) and Federal Standards of Per-
formance for New Stationary Sources that are applica-
ble to fuel combustion sources. A comparison of mass
emission rates-along with a summary of the mass and
visible emission regulations by state or territory is pre-
sented. This document also provides our overview of
the emissions from boilers and the control techniques
typically being used to meet the current SIP require-
ments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Standards, Regu-
lations, State government National government Boil-
ers, 'State implementation plans, Stationary sources.
PB83-110767 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Compilation of BACT/LAER Determinations. Final
rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jack A. Wunderle. May 79,198p EPA-450/2-79-003
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
See also PB81-136483.
The report gives the results of a survey of Regional
files for PSD and nonattainment permits issued. The
original permit applications in the Regions' files were
reviewed and summary sheets completed from the
data contained in the applications. The main purpose
of the summary sheets was to let people know where
similar source category determinations have been
made. Only a selected number of determinations per
category are shown on the summary sheets followed
by a total listing of locations where all other similar cat-
egory determinations have been made. The vast ma-
jority of these determinations are BACT (Best Avail-
able Control Technology) and up to January 1979.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Concerttration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Sources, Tables(Data).
PB83-110874 PCA22/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1981. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 82,503p USGS-WRD-CO-81 -1, USGS/WRD/HD-
82-034
See also Volume 1, PB82-188301 for Water Year
1980,Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1981 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. This report contains dis-
charge records for about 460 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 22 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, 30 crest-stage partial-record
stations, and 50 miscellaneous sites; water quality for
163 gaging stations and 300 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate. Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-110957 PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Toward Instream Water Quality Management Final
rept. Sep 77-Aug 79,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
C. Osteen, W. D. Seitz, and J. B. Stall. Jun 82,68p
EPA-600/5-82-003
Contract EPA-68-03-2597
This report compares two approaches to the agricul-
tural nonpoint source pollution control problem: source
control and instream water quality management
(ISWQM). Source control is a strategy of controlling
pollution loadings by using standards such as soil loss
limits or best management practices without relating
them directly to water quality goals. ISWQM is a strate-
gy for determining water quality goals by examining
pollution effects and other considerations and devel-
oping a resource management plan for achieving
those goals. ISWQM relates land management more
closely to water quality goals. The report discusses the
information needs, institutional arrangements, and the
strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Streams, 'Water
quality management Runoff, Soil erosion. Mulches,
Fertilizers, Land use, Cultivation, Farm crops, Water
consumption, Decision making. Mathematical models,
Sediments, Pesticides, 'Nonpoint sources, LANDRUN
model, ANSWERS model, ARM model, SEA-AR
model.
PB83-111013 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Recognizing Farmers' Attitudes and Implementing
Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Policies. Final
rept Sep 77-Aug 79,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
W. D. Sefe, D. M. Gardner, and J. C. van Es. Jun 82,
40p EPA-600/5-82-004
Contract EPA-68-03-2597
This report examines the role of farmer attitudes and
corresponding communication activities in the imple-
mentation of nonpoint source water pollution control
programs. The report begins with an examination of
the basis for and function of attitudes in influencing be-
havior. The role of the process of communication in
changing attitudes and influencing behavior is exam-
ined in considerable detail. The appropriate uses of
interpersonal and mass communications in the imple-
mentation of public programs aimed at farmers is indi-
cated. The report also includes a discussion of several
1378 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
means of improving implementation procedures.
These include incentive programs, modified citizen
participation procedures, and a comprehensive com-
munication program.
Keywords: 'Attitudes, 'Farms, "Water pollution con-
trol, Personnel, Human behavior, Improvement, Citizen
participation, Education, Incentives, Mass communica-
tion, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB83-111021 PCA08/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Office of Research and Development.
Sources of Urban Runoff Pollution and Its Effects
on a Urban Creek. Final rept. Nov 77-Apr 81,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
Robert Pitt, and Martin Bozeman. Oct 82,153p 60301,
EPA-600/2-82-090
GrantEPA-R-805418
See also PB81-144487.
This report presents the final results and conclusions
from an EPA-sponsored demonstration study of the
water quality and biological effects of urban runoff on
Coyote Creek, near San Jose, California. Various field
procedures were used during the project to evaluate
water, sediment, and biological changes in the creek
as it passed through the urban area. The report de-
scribes the characteristics and sources of urban pollut-
ants which affect the creek, and the effects and poten-
tial controls for urban runoff.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Urban areas,
'Water pollution, 'Coyate Creek, Sediments, Algae,
Outfall sewers, Concentration(Composition), Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Bacteria, Turbidity, Temperature, In-
organic nitrates, Inorganic phosphates, Tables(Data),
California, 'Surface water runoff, San Jose(California),
Point sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB83-111039 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Causes of Paplllomas on Fish Living In Chlorinat-
ed Sewage Effluent Final technical rept.,
Auburn Univ., AL.
John M. Grizzle, and Paul Melius. Oct 82,38p EPA-
600/3-82-087
Grant EPA-CR-807844-010
This research was initiated to determine the cause of
the oral papillomas on black bullheads (Ictalurus
melas) from the final oxidation pond of the Tuskegee,
Alabama, sewage treatment plant Ames-test mutage-
nicity of a pond-water concentrate indicated the pres-
ence of a chemical carcinogen in the pond water. How-
ever, water and sediment analysis did not identify sub-
stances suspected of causing the tumors. Cytoplasmic
inclusion bodies were present in some papilloma cells,
but attempts to find virions in the tumor using electron
microscopy and to transmit the papillomas by injection
of cell-free tumor homogenate into black bullheads
were not successful. Juvenile black bullheads, yellow
bullheads (Ictalurus natalis), and channel catfish (Icta-
lurus punctatus) were confined to cages in the oxida-
tion pond and in a control pond. Caged fish did not de-
velop neoplasms but most caged black bullheads in
the oxidation pond developed focal, oral hyperplasia
and stomatitis in the same mouth locations occupied
by papillomas in wild black bullheads from this pond.
Keywords: "Chlorination, 'Papilloma, "Effluents,
•Neoplasms, 'Toxicology, Fresh water fishes, Ala-
bama, Fishes, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Ictalurus
melas, Ictalurus natalis, Ictalurus punctatus,
Tuskegee(Alabama), 'Sewage treatment effluents,
Toxic substances.
PB83-111047 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Equity Analysis In Public Policy Formation. Final
rept Sep 77-Aug 79,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
W. D. Seftz, and R. Hewett. Jun 82,30p EPA-600/5-
82-005
Contract EPA-68-03-2597
As environmental controls become more costly to im-
plement and the penalties of judgment errors become
more severe, environmental quality management re-
quires more efficient management tools based on
greater knowledge of the environmental phenomena
to be managed. As part of this Laboratory's research
on the occurrence, movement, transformation, impact
and control of environmental contaminants, the Tech-
nology Development and Applications Branch devel-
ops management and engineering tools to help pollu-
tion control officials achieve water quality goals
through watershed management. Agricultural sources
contribute significantly to water pollution problems in
many areas of the United States. This report describes
part of a 2-year study in which the social, economic,
legal and institutional issues involved in the manage-
ment and control of pollutants from agricultural non-
point sources were examined.
Keywords: 'National government, 'Government poli-
cies, 'Water pollution, Erosion control, Farms, Water-
sheds, Water quality.
PB83-111336 PCA15/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of Inhalable and Fine Partlculate Matter
Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
John G. Watson, Judith C. Chow, and Jitendra J. Shah.
Dec 81,332p ERT-A-394-140, EPA-450/4-81-035
Contract EPA-68-02-2542
Total, inhalable and fine paniculate matter measure-
ments acquired by EPA's Inhalable Paniculate Net-
work in 1979 and 1980 are summarized and analyzed
in this report. The theoretical collection efficiencies of
different samplers were calculated and compared to
each other and to an acceptable performance range.
The measurement processes and several of the major
urban airsheds of the IP Network are described. The
spatial, temporal and statistical distributions of these
measurements are examined. A receptor-oriented
model relating IP to TSP is derived and tested for pre-
diction accuracy under various situations. A mass bal-
ance receptor model is applied to IP and FP chemical
concentrations in four urban areas to estimate the con-
tributions of various emissions source types to ambient
mass concentrations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Fines, Urban
areas, Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Sam-
pling, Sources, 'Inhalable particles, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB83-111435 PCA06/MFA01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Illinois Agricultural Water Quality Management
Programs - A Status Report Conference Procee-
digs of April 13,1982 at Department of Agriculture
Auditorium, State Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illi-
nois.
Illinois Dept of Energy and Natural Resources, Spring-
field.
Jun 82,106p DOCUMENT-82/15
Sponsored in part by Illnois State Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Springfield, and Illinois Dept. of Agri-
culture, Springfield.
Proceedings of a one-day conference held on April 13,
1982, for former members of the Task Force on Agri-
culture Non-Point Sources of Pollution and others in-
volved in or affected by implementation of Illinois'
Water Quality Management Plan. Twenty-seven
papers are found in the proceedings on various topics
including soil erosion, pesticides, fertilizers, livestock
wastes and forestry.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution, 'Meetings,
Pesticides, Soil erosion, Runoff, Fertilizers, Livestock,
Agricultural wastes, Illinois, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB83-111518 PCA14/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
A Critical Review of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sludge Disposal by Landfllling. Final rept Sep 79-
Dec81,
Calscience Research, Inc., Huntingdon Beach, CA.
James C. S. Lu, Robert J. Steams, Robert D. Morrison,
and Bert A. Eichenberger. Oct 82,320p EPA-600/2-
82-092
Contract EPA-68-03-2886
This report evaluates the landfilling of wastewater
treatment plant sludge for purposes of describing cur-
rent practices, determining environmental and public
health impacts, describing available control technolo-
gy, and evaluating management options. The potential
environmental/public health impacts and operational
problems associated with current sludge landfilling
practices are described. Potential public health risks
from sludge landfilling are associated with contami-
nants entering ground or surface water. Environmental
and public health risks associated with ludge landfilling
can be significantly reduced by utilizing current avail-
able control technology. Stabilization of sludge may or
may not be necessary, depending on the landfill site
and design, but sludge dewatering is considered im-
perative for all landfilling operations to avoid problems
in landfill operations and leachate generation.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Sludge, Classifications, Sewage treat-
ment, Dewatering, Drying, Physical properties, Bacte-
ria, Viruses, Fungi, Runoff, Environmental impacts,
Public health, Leaching, Ground water, Odors,
Tables(Data), Regulations.
PB83-111633 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Tire Energy Dissipation Determination. Final rept.
29 Sep 78-29 Sep 79,
Pennsylvania Transportation Inst, University Park.
Gordon F. Hayhoe. Jul 82,85p PTI-8212
Contract EPA-63-03-2763
The design and development of a machine to measure
tire energy dissipation over transient driving cycles is
described. The main feature of the machine is that two
tires are loaded against each other across a steel belt
which runs on 762-mm diameter steel drums. One of
the wheels is driven to follow a transient driving cycle
representative of typical passenger car use; the other
wheel is allowed to roll freely. Energy dissipation in the
driving tire is measured by subtracting the energy leav-
ing the tire from the energy entering the tire. An error,
ascribed to small deformations of the belt in the tire
contact area, was found in the tire energy measure-
ment. This error is a function of the construction of the
tires installed on the machine. A number of modifica-
tions to the machine and the test procedures are sug-
gested to improve the accuracy of the energy dissipa-
tion measurements. Typical energy dissipation meas-
urements for C-14 tires are presented.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, 'Test equipment, Rolling
contact loads.Rolling friction, Energy dissipation,
Structural design, Equipment specifications, Nonde-
structive tests, Rolling resistance.
PB83-111708 PC A06/MF A01
Control Techniques for Hydrocarbon and Organic
Solvent Emissions from Stationary Sources.
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Mar 70,116p N APCA-PUB-AP-68
The effects of hydrocarbon and organic solvent emis-
sions are of two types, direct and indirect. Direct ef-
fects are caused by the original, unaltered emissions,
and indirect effects are caused by substances formed
by photochemical reactions of the original emissions
with other substances in the atmosphere. The purpose
of this document is to make information available on
techniques for the control of organic emissions from
stationary sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Or-
ganic solvents, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Economics, Refineries, Gasoline, Incinerators,
Sewage treatment, Coking, Degreasing, Chemical in-
dustry, Rubber industry, Plastic industry, Coatings, Dry
cleaning, 'Stationary sources, Emission factors.
PB83-111757 PCA08/MFA01
Economic Benefits of the1 Clean Lakes Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 80,160p EPA-440/5-80-081
By the end of fiscal year 1979, the Clean Lakes Pro-
gram had approved 105 grants for over 40 million dol-
lars-23 for state classffication surveys and 82 for
study and restoration work at specific lakes. Benefits
were assessed for a 28-project sample drawn from the
second group. The 28 projects, involving $15 million+
in Federal funds and an approximately equal sum from
state and local agencies, are producing benefits in
twelve categories: recreation, aesthetics, flood con-
December 1983 1379
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trol, economic development, fish and wildlife, agricul-
ture, property value, public health, and miscellaneous
items. Many benefits could not be measured in mone-
tary terms, but the present value of those which could
is $127,448,500. This represents a return of $8.30 per
Federal dollar expended, or $4.15 per total project
dollar.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Benefit cost analysis,
•Water pollution control, 'Lakes, Financing, National
government, Local government. Recreation, Esthetics,
Flood control, Fisheries, Wildlife, Agriculture, Public
health, 'Clean Lakes program.
PB83-111765 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Quantitative Techniques for the Assessment of
Lake Quality,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
Kenneth H. Reckhow. Jan 79,158p EPA-440/5-79-
015
This manual focuses on the role of phosphorus in lake
eutrophication. If qualitatively presents the major
causal linkages among the phosphorus-related com-
ponents. Phosphorus was selected for this analysis
because it is generally considered the most managea-
ble of the major nutrients.
Keywords. •Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Manuals, Assessments, Mathematical models, Sam-
pling, Classifications, Water quality, Discriminate anal-
ysis, Concentratkxi(Composition), Comparison, Hy-
draulics, Chlorophylls, Probability theory, Estimates,
•Eutrophicatkxi.
PBS3-112177
PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Pasrk. NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Cost An&fyste of PropoMd ChMtQQs to the Mr
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Michael Wojcik, Jane Wojcik, Paul Bareford, Mary
Havetock, and Michael Geraghty. Feb 82,299p GCA-
TR-81-109-G, EPA-450/4-82-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB-288783.Errata sheet inserted.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has de-
veloped a set of guidelines to be followed in any air
quality modeling study performed for the EPA. The
Guideline on Air Quality Models (AQMG) was issued in
1978 as a part of the Office of AB-Quality Planning and
Standards Guideline Series. Since the release of the
1978 AQMG. the EPA has had a chance to review its
effectiveness and gather together recommendations
on how the document could be improved. In 1980, a
proposed revision to the 1978 AQMG was issued for
review. In this report, GCA examines the costs associ-
ated with implementing certain features of the 1980
proposed revision.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
•Cost analysis. Guidelines, Cost estimates, Data ac-
quisition. Sulfur dtoxide, Atmospheric models, Comput-
erized simulation, Revisions, 'Air quality.
PB83-112243 PC A13/MF A01
Workshops on Requirements for Nonattolnmerrt
ATM Plans: Compilation of Presentation (Revised
EoWon).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 78,295p OAQPS-1.2-103
Under the dean Air Act Amendments of 1977, States
must submit revisions to their State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) for all areas that are not attaining the na-
tional ambient air quality standards. EPA hekf a series
of three two-day workshops to discuss provisions of
those Act Amendments that pertain specnicalry to non-
attainment areas. The objective of the workshops was
to outline the criteria for an acceptable 1979 plan. The
workshops discussed the major portions of an imple-
mentation plan revision and provided guidance on spe-
ofic items that rnust be part of the p&n. White detate
of actual preparation of the SIP revision were not dis-
cussed, references were made to sources of this infor-
mation. This compilation contains the visual aids used
by the presenters, followed by textual material sup-
porting the presentations. The material is arranged in
order of presentation. The material is restricted to the
requirements for the nonattainment area SIPs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Standards, 'Meetings, Revi-
sions, 'State implementation plans, 'Clean air act
amendments of 1977.
PB83-112284 PC A08/MF A01
Missouri Basin States Association, Omaha, NE.
Water Conservation Planning Workshops - Train-
er's Manual.
Lawson (Barry) Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.
Apr 82,151p
Sponsored in part by Missouri Basin States Associa-
tion, Omaha, NE.
The training program presented in this Manual repre-
sents the collaborative work of several professionals,
agencies and groups during the past three years to
present material and information which is useful to
local communities confronted by current or potential
water shortages. It has been designed to promote un-
derstanding of the shortage problem and the develop-
ment of a strategy or plan for solving this problem.
Keywords: 'Education, 'Water conservation, Manuals,
Project planning, Site surveys, Publicity, Equipment,
'Water shortage. Work shops.
PB83-112615 PCA07/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
A Case Study of the Closing of a Federal Activity.
Final rept. Jul 81-Sep 82,
Unified Industries, Inc., Springfield, VA.
W. Thomas Callahan, and Wilson V. Varga. 30 Sep 82,
131p*EPA-550/9-82-501
Contract EPA-68-01 -6418
Federal activities can close without resort to reduction-
in-force (RIF) procedures and avoid the costs and per-
sonnel turbulence attendant to a RIF. Phaseout rather
than precipitous closing, can also avoid loss of proper-
ty and diminution of respect for the national govern-
ment This report documents in detail the steps taken
by the managers of one Federal activity that conduct-
ed a gradual phaseout Emphasis is placed on person-
nel outplacement, the bolstering of state programs to
carry on the Federal work that is ending, retirement of
program records and technical information, fulfillment
of regulatory requirements, disposition and security of
property, and assurance of fiscal accountability. Dis-
cussions are illustrated with specimens of documents
that can be adapted for use by other activities that
dose.
Keywords: 'National government 'Closures, Person-
nel, Office equipment Disposal, Project management
Attitudes.
PB83-112680 PC A05/MF A01
Assessment of Welfare Effects and the Second-
ary Air Quality Standard for Ozone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun78,100p
Review of the effects of ozone upon vegetation and
materials in an attempt to justify the establishment of
national secondary ambient air quality standards for
ozone. The report concludes that ozone standards
should be set on the basis of its effects on vegetation,
particularly economically important crops, where ef-
fects are well documented rather than upon its poten-
tial for causing materials damage. Provides analyses
of alternative sets of ozone standards. Recommended
standard proposed is .08 pom.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Standards, Assessments, Air pol-
lution, Plants(Botany), 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB83-112789 PC A04/MF A01
Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Technology Development and De-
ployment
Noise Reduction Retrofit for a 'New Look' GHC
Transit Bus: Service Bulletin. Final rept Apr 80-Nov
81,
Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of
Oregon, Portland.
Michael C. Kaye. Nov 81,64p* UMT A-OR-06-0005-
81-1
Contract UMTA-OR-06-0005
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control. See also PB80-226103.
This document gives instructions on how to apply a
noise treatment to a contemporary city transit bus
without extensive structural alteration. Prototype anti-
noise treatments of two conventional transit motor-
buses were tested: a Flexible 'New Look' and a GMC
'New Look1 model. Baseline bus configuration, noise
ratings, and performance benchmarks are presented
for a GMC model T8H-5307A transit bus, powered by a
Detroit Diesel 8V-71N engine. Earlier, a Flxible model
111DC-D061 was similarly treated using the same
concepts and much of the same hardware. The results
are almost identical, showing the wide range of treat-
ment applicability. This report gives instructions as to
how GMC 'New Look' model is retrofitted with a turbo-
charged 8V-71TAC engine and ancillary hardware.
The instructions include the revision of the engine as-
piration system for easier breathing, the lining of the
engine compartment with an anti-noise blanket, and
the silencing of the hiss of the compressed air system
dryer.
Keywords: *Buses(Vehicles), 'Noise reduction, Diesel
engines. Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption, Cost
estimates, Noise pollution, Air pollution, Urban trans-
portation.
PB83-112797 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Economic Impacts of Selected Erosion Control
Policies: Distribution Among Com Belt States.
Final rept. Sep 77-Aug 79,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
C. Osteen, and W. D. Seitz. Jun 82,41 p EPA-600/5-
82-006
Contract EPA-68-03-2597
If states in the Com Belt adopt varying soil loss limits
as a part of a nonpoint source of water pollution con-
trol program will there be adverse economic conse-
quences. If so, what types of impacts would be felt and
would they be severe. The objective of this analysis
was focused on such questions. This analysis was
conducted by modifying a large, market-oriented linear
programming model of crop production in the Com
Belt to allow the imposition of soil loss restrictions at
the state as well as the regional level. The results of
this analysis indicate that mere will not be significant
shifts or resources among states if limits are adopted
in some states and not in others.
Keywords: 'Erosion control, 'Government policies,
'Agricultural economics, Soil erosion, Economic
impact Production, Mathematical models,
Demand(Economics), Linear programming, Cost engi-
neering, Soil conservation. Prices, Social effect, Con-
straints, 'Com Belt.
PB83-112904 PCAOS/MFA01
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Raleigh,
NC.
Preliminary Air Pollution Survey of Chlorine Gas:
A Literature Review. Environmental health series:
air pollution,
Litton Systems, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Environmental
Systems Div.
Quade R. Stahl. Oct 69,92p APTD-69-33
Contract PH-22-68-25
Describes the sources, distribution, effects and pro-
posed solutions for problems relating to the presence
of chlorine gas in the atmosphere. Summary type infor-
mation is presented on the product sources, producers
and users of chlorine gas in the U.S., and harmful ef-
fects on human, plant and animal life. Brief discussions
of possibilities for control of these detrimental effects
are included, as well as sections on the economic as-
; and methods of analysis. Also present are a
bibliography and an appendix containing
3 of related data
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chlorine, Sources, Surveys,
Reviews, Air pollution control. Ecology,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution
effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pol-
lution effects(Animals).
1380 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-113217 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
TSP Source Inventory Around Monitoring Sites In
Selected Urban Areas, St. Louis.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
May 79,183p
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
EPA is developing an empirical model to relate ambi-
ent air quality to paniculate emissions and land use in
the surrounding area. This receptor-oriented model will
be used for evaluating the effect of paniculate control
measures on concentrations at individual sites in a
sampling network or for predicting air quality at a loca-
tion where there is no sampler. Several studies have
indicated that there is a statistically significant relation-
ship between paniculate concentrations measured at
a high volume sampler and the emission density within
a limited radius surrounding that site. The present
report summarizes information for sites in the St. Louis
area. The 23 high volume sampling sites inventoried in
the St. Louis area have a wide distribution of expo-
sures ranging from industrial to background. The data
collected for 11 of the sites are presented in Chapter 3.
The data collected by Rockwell for the RAMS sites are
presented in Chapter 4. These data have been revised
to correspond to the format of the other 11 sites. The
methodology for performing the microinventories in St.
Louis is presented in Chapter 2.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Particles, *Air pol-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Exhaust
emissions, Sources, Data(Tables), Sampling, Urban
areas, Inventories, Roads, Missouri, "Air quality, "Air
pollution sampling, Point sources, Emission factors,
Saint Louis(Missouri), Unpaved roads.
PB83-113290 PCA22/MFA01
Compilation of Ames 'Salmonella typhimutlum'
Plate Incorporation Test Protocols. Final rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Stephanie Toney, and Lam/ D. Claxton. Jun 82,523p
EPA-600/2-82-007
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The overall objectives of this compilation are (1) to
serve as a reference for workers in the genetic toxicol-
ogy field, (2) as a starting point for creation of refer-
ence protocols for those who need precise Ames test
protocols, and (3) as a guide to understanding vari-
ations in test results. This report, the result of an infor-
mal survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, included laboratories that use the
Ames test routinely. Protocols were requested from 46
laboratories included in a list supplied by Dr. Mike
Shelby of the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences. Twenty-five laboratories actually
submitted protocols.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Salmonella typhimurium,
"Genetics, Bacteria, Mutagens, Microbiology, Tests,
Bioassay, Cuttures(Biology), "Protocols, Ames test
Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis.
PB83-113324 PC A12/MF A01
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
The Economic Impact of Vapor Recovery Regula-
tions on the Service Station Industry. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Paul E. Mawn. Jul 78,265p EPA-450-3-78-029
Contract DOL-J-9-F-6-0233
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report assesses the potential economic impact re-
sulting from EPA's Stage II vapor recovery regulations
covering gasoline refueling facilities in specified Air
Quality Control Regions. Four general subject areas
are addressed in the seven tasks which compose the
impact study: (1) Number, throughput, and ownership
patterns of dispensing facilities in the AQCRs'; (2) eco-
nomic affordability of vapor recovery equipment in-
vestment; (3) capital availability for vapor recovery
equipment investment for various types of ownership
classes. The report identifies the segments of the retail
gasoline industry that are likely to be impacted by the
regulations.
Keywords: "Economic impacts, "Regulations, "Air pol-
lution control equipment, "Benzene, Assessments,
Gasoline, Cost analysis, Audits, Trends, Marketing,
Capitalized costs, "Service stations.
PB83-113563 PC A99/MF A01
Stationary Internal Combustion Engines. Stand-
ards Support and Engironmental Impact State-
ment Volume I: Proposed Standards of Perform-
ance. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Jan 79,786p EPA-450/2-78-125A
Standards of performance to control nitrogen oxides
from new, modified and reconstructed stationary inter-
nal combustion engines in the U.S. are being proposed
under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. This document
contains information on the internal combustion
engine industry and emission control technology, a
discussion of the selected emission limits and the sup-
porting data and the alternatives which are consid-
ered, and analyses of the environmental and econom-
ic impacts of the proposed standards.
Keywords: "Stationary engines, "Internal combustion
engines, "Environmental impact statements-draft, Ex-
haust emissions, Air pollution, Air pollution control,
Performance standards, Economic impact, Cost analy-
sis, Manufacturers.
PB83-113605 PCA07/MFA01
A Method for Assessing the Health Risks Associ-
ated with Alternative Air Quality Standards for
Ozone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Jul 78,140p
The method described in this report provides a frame-
work and suggests a quantitative approach to accom-
plish the setting of a standard with an adequate margin
of safety in order to deal with the uncertainties of
standard setting. The kernel of the suggested ap-
proach is a systematic assessment of the risks associ-
ated with alternative standards in a carefully defined
sense. First, the method attempts to define terms pre-
cisely so that uncertainty about what a quantity means
is not added to the inherent uncertainty about its value.
Second, the output of the method clearly displays how
a calculable risk varies with the particular choice made
from a reasonably comprehensive set of representa-
tions of the primary uncertainties which give rise to the
risk. In other words, the 'softness' of the risk calcula-
tions which results from the secondary uncertainties is
dealt with directly in such a way as to give the decision-
maker(s) a conception of its degree.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Standards, Assessments, Risk,
Toxic tolerances, Concentration(Composrtion), Safety,
"Air quality, "Health risks, Maximum permissible expo-
sure, "Air pollution standards, National Ambient Air
Quality Standards.
PB83-113688 PC A12/MF A01
Air Quality, Noise and Health: Report of a Panel of
the Intergency Task Force on Motor Vehicle
Goals Beyond 1980. Interim rept,
Panel on Air Quality, Noise and Health, Washington,
DC.
E.Tuerk. Mar76,266p
Air quality projections during the timeframe 1980 to
2000 have been made for a variety of alternative levels
of control for mobile sources. The resulting air quality
projections are then compared to the national ambient
air quality standards and selected health effects data
to compare the impact of alternative control levels
during the 1980-2000 timeframe. Finally, an analysis is
conducted to assess the cost effectiveness of ap-
proaches to obtaining a given level of emissions reduc-
tion for the automotive related pollutants (carbon mon-
oxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides).
Keywords: "Public health, "Air pollution control, "Ex-
haust emissions, Forecasting, Assessments, Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Motor vehi-
cles, "Air quality, "Noise pollution.
PB83-113746 PC A21/MF A01
Metallic Mineral Processing Plants - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. Volume 1:
Chapters 1-9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 82,488p* EPA-450/3-81/009A
Standards of performance for the control of paniculate
matter emissions from metallic mineral processing
plants are being proposed under the authority of Sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply to facilities at processing plants for which con-
struction or modification began on or after the date of
proposal of the regulation. This document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing proposed standards.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Standards, "Particles, In-
dustrial wastes, Environmental impacts, Economic
impact, Tables(Data), Design, Combustion products,
Performance evaluation, *Air pollution abatement,
"Mineral industry, "Air pollution standards, Stationary
sources.
PB83-113829 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hitachi Zosen NOx Flue Gas Treatment Process.
Volume 1. Pilot Plant Evaluation. Final rept. May 78-
Feb 82,
Hitachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo
(Japan).
Shingo Tanaka, and Richard Wiener. Sep 82,243p
EPA-600/7-82-057A *
Contract EPA-68-02-2675
See also Volume 2, PB83-113837.Color illustrations
reproduced in black and white.
The report gives results of a pilot plant evaluation of
the Hitachi Zosen NOx flue gas treatment process.
The project-evaluating selective catalytic reduction
(SCR) of NOx on a coal-fired source-operated for 1-1 /
2 years. A newly developed catalyst, NOXNON 600,
was successfully applied at the 0.5 MW pilot plant on a
slipstream from George Power Co.'s Plant Mitchell
near Albany, GA: it demonstrated 90% NOx removal
efficiency for over 5600 hours. Tests to operate the
catalyst outside of design specifications showed good
tolerance to adverse situations. The project was the
first demonstration and evaluation of NOx SCR tech-
nology on a coal-fired source in the U.S. Project results
indicate that the process is a viable NOx control tech-
nology option; however, some technical concerns
remain before the technology can be considered com-
mercially available and demonstrated for coal-fired
sources in the U.S.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
Pilot plants, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Technology, Catalysis, Coal, 'Hitachi Zosen
process.
PB83-113837 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hitachi Zosen NOx Flue Gas Treatment Process.
Volume 2. Independent Evaluation. Final rept. Feb
80-Feb 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. M. Burke. Sep 82,206p EPA-600/7-82-057B
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 1, PB83-113829.
The report gives results of an independent evaluation
of the Hitachi Zosen (HZ) NOx flue gas treatment proc-
ess, one of two selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of
NOx with ammonia processes (pilot-scale tested under
EPA sponsorship) treating flue gas slipstreams from
coal-fired boilers.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Catalysis, Cost
analysis, Capitalized costs, Flue gases, "Hitachi Zosen
process.
PB83-114041 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
December 1983 1381
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
TSP Source Inventory Around Monitoring Sites hi
Selected Urban Areas, Portland.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
May 79,100p
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
EPA is developing an empirical model to relate ambi-
ent air quality to particulate emissions and land use in
the surrounding area. This receptor-oriented model will
be used for evaluating the effect of particulate control
measures on concentrations at individual sites in a
sampling network or for predicting air quality at a loca-
tion where there is no sampler. PEDCo Environmental
is collecting most of this detailed data base used in the
study and providing it to the EPA in the form of a series
of reports, one for each of the five cities in which sites
are to be surveyed: Kansas City, Portland, St Louis,
Birmingham, Philadelphia. Each of PEDCo's reports
follow the same format, and the reports are confined
almost entirety to data presentation. The present
report summarizes information for sites in the Portland
area. The 10 high volume sampling sites inventories in
the Portland area have a wide distribution of exposures
ranging from industrial to background.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Mathematical
models, Urban areas, Monitoring, Sampling, Sites, Sur-
veys, Concentration(Composition), Oregon, 'Air qual-
ity, 'Air pollution sampling, Portland(Oregon).
PB83-114058 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
TSP Source Inventory Around Monitoring Sites In
Selected Urban Areas, Kansas City.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
May 79,233p
Contract EPA-68-02-2603
EPA is developing an empirical model to relate ambi-
ent air quality to particulate emissions and land use in
the surrounding area. This receptor-oreinted model will
be used for evaluating the effect of particulate control
measures on concentrations at individual sites in a
sampling network or for predicting air quality at a loca-
tion where there is no sampler. The present report
summarizes information for sites in the Kansas City
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Par-
ticles, Monitoring, Urban areas. Sites, Sources, Sam-
pling, Concentratton(Composrtion), Missouri, 'Kansas
City(Missouri), 'Air pollution sampling.
PB83-114066 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Final Set of Analyses of Alternative New
Source Performance Standards for New Coal-
Fired Powerptants. Draft rept
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
30May79,417p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
This report was prepared for the EPA and the Dept of
Energy. The findings of analyses of alternative new
source performance standards are presented herein.
All the assumptions and scenario specifications em-
ployed for the analyses reported in Still Further Analy-
ses of Alternative NSP Standards for New Coal-Fired
Powerplants were employed except some of the
scrubber cost estimates were revised by EPA; EPA de-
veloped several new specifications of alternative
standards; and a few forecasts were made to reflect
the effect of alternative standards on emissions after
aH existing coat-fired capacity is retired. EPA decided
to include considerations of dry scrubbing in this set of
analyses. In previous analyses, aH the cost estimates
were developed for *wet scrubbing'. EPA requested
that 14 alternative standards be assessed. These al-
ternatives were specified in terms of: alternative ceil-
ings; alternative scrubber costs; and alternative levels
of partial or variable scrubbing for lower sulfur coaJs.
Keywords: 'Gas scrubbing, Electric power plants, Per-
formance standards, Substitutes, 'Coal fired power
plants, 'Air pollution standards. Scrubbing.
PB83-114165 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Guff Breeze, FL
Results of an Adaptive Environmental Assess-
ment Modeling Workshop Concerning Potential
Impacts of Drilling Muds and Cuttings on the
Marine Environment Workshop summary,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy and Land Use Team.
George T. Auble, Austin K. Andrews, Richard A.
Ellison, David B. Hamilton, and Richard A. Johnson.
Oct 82,79p EPA-600/9-82-019
This publication summarizes findings of a workshop
held September 14-18, 1981, under a Federal Inter-
agency Energy/Environment Agreement between the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. EPA Environmental
Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida, was host
for the sessions held on Pensacola Beach, FL Discus-
sions focused on information pertaining to fate and ef-
fects, identification of general relationships between
drilling mud fluids and the marine environment, and
identification of site-specific variables likely to deter-
mine impacts of drilling muds and cuttings in various
marine sites. The workshop was structured around the
construction of a model simulating fate and effects of
discharges from a single rig into open waters of the
Gulf of Mexico.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Cutting fluids, 'Ecology,
•Water pollution, 'Mexico Gulf, Mathematical models,
Offshore drilling, Crude oil, Natural gas, Zooplankton,
Coral, Plumes, Drilling rigs, Sensitivity, Mortality, Sur-
vival, Toxicrty, Crabs, Biomass, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-114207 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
MPTER-DS: The MPTER Model Including Deposi-
tion and Sedimentation. User's Guide. Rept for
Aug 80-Feb 82,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Air Resources Atmospheric Turbu-
lence and Diffusion Lab.
K. Shankar Rao, and Lynne Satterfield. Oct 82,84p
EPA-600/8-82-024
MPTER is the designation for a multiple point source
air quality model with terrain adjustments. The diffu-
sion algorithm is based upon Gaussian plume model-
ing assumptions. The MPTER model is available from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and can be
used for estimating air pollutant concentrations from
multiple sources in rural environments. The model has
technical input options for terrain adjustment stack
downwash, gradual plume rise, and buoyancy-induced
dispersion, and a great variety of output options. This
report is a supplementary User's Guide to a modified
version of MPTER, MPTER-DS, which can explicitly
account for dry deposition of gaseous and suspended
particulate pollutants in the plume. The MPTER-DS
model utilizes the Gaussian plume-type diffusion-dep-
osition algorithms based on analytical solutions of a
gradient-transfer model.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Dep-
osition, Sedimentation, Plumes, Computer programs,
Tabtes(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'MPTER
models,'Air quality.
PB83-114264 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Human EpttheHlal CeH Activation Systems. Final
rept,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Carcinogenesis
Lab.
J. Justin McCormick. Oct 82,38p EPA-600/1 -82-015
Grant EPA-R-8055630
Much effort has been placed on the development of
short-term assay systems that use the induction of mu-
tations in bacterial and mammalian cells as the basis
for predicting the carcinogenicity of environmental
chemicals. However, evidence has accumulated that
suggests that most environmental chemicals require
enzymatic activation to produce metabolites that will
react with cellular macromotecules, and many or the
bacterial and mammalian cell Knes Identified are
unable to produce that activation. Consequently, sci-
entists began to use microsomal systems to supply ac-
tivation. In this study, two short-term assays were ex-
amined and cells that appeared capable of metaboliz-
ing various carcinogens were identified. In the first
method, the metabolism of tritiated benzo(a}pyrene
(B(a)P) to aqueous-acetone soluble products was
measured. While this method is useful to identify cells
that are capable of metabolizing B(a)P or related com-
pounds, it is not applicable to other classes of com-
pounds. Therefore, a second, more general method
was examined. This second method detects the for-
mation of agents that damage DMA by measuring DNA
synthesis inhibition after exposure to a carcinogen.
Keywords: Humans, Chromatographic analysis, Cul-
ture media, Freezing, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Bio-
assay, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Carcinogens, 'Carcino-
genesis, 'Cell cultures, 'Mutagenesis, Cell lines,
HPLC, Biological effects.
PB83-114280 PC A15/MF A01
Metallic Mineral Processing Plants - Background
Information for Proposed Standards. Volume 2:
Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Aug 82,328p* EPA-450/3-81-009B
See also Volume 1, PB83-113746.
Standards of performance for the control of particulate
matter emissions from metallic mineral processing
plants are being proposed under the authority of Sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply to facilities at processing plants for which con-
struction or modification began on or after the date of
proposal of the regulation. This document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Parti-
cles, 'Metal industry, 'Minerals, Tables(Data), Regula-
tions, Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution
abatement
PB83-114405 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Analysis of TSCA Section 8(a) Small Manufacturer
Exemption,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Michael J. Gibbs, Joseph L Kirk, Kenneth B. Kolsky,
and Frank Lerman. Apr 82,139p EPA-560/4-82-005
Contract EPA-68-01-6287
This report presents analyses in support of EPA's de-
velopment of a small manufacturer definition required
for Section 8(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act
Under Section 8(a), manufacturers designated as
'small' are exempt from certain reporting require-
ments. The report develops a framework for balancing
off reporting costs with the benefits of receiving infor-
mation from manufacturers. Production data are used
in examples of how this balancing of costs and bene-
fits can be performed for various types of small manu-
facturer definitions.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Load regulations,
Forecasting, Manufacturing, Chemical compounds,
Pesticides, 'Toxic Substances Control Act
PB83-114538 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Testing Truck-Mounted Vacuum and Air Conveyor
Systems for (Ml Spill Recovery,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
Donald C. Gates, and Kevin M. Corradino. Oct 82,43p
EPA-600/2-82-088
Contract EPA-68-03-3056
Two different vacuum truck designs were evaluated for
oil recovery performance at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Sim-
ulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in
September 1980. These were a Vactor Model 2045 air
conveyor design made by the Meyers-Sherman Com-
pany and a standard vacuum truck made by Coleman
Environmental and Pollution Control Equipment Co.,
Inc. Changes in recovery efficiency and oil recovery
rate were found while varying oil slick thickness, oil vis-
cosity, hose length, and air pump speed for the trucks.
The air conveyor was additionally tested using differ-
ent suction hose heights above the slick.
1382 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Materials recovery, "Tank
trucks, Vacuum apparatus, Pneumatic conveyors, Per-
formance evaluation, Hazardous materials, *Oil spills,
'Skimmers.
PB83-114553 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of LIMB to Pulverized Coal Boilers - A
Systems Analysis: Limestone Feed and Boiler
Systems. Interim rept. Jun 81-May 82,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Charles W. Arnold, and Richard C. Burt. Sep 82,176p
EPA-600/7-82-059
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a systems analysis of the
application of Limestone Injection Multistaged Burner
(LIMB) technology to pulverized-coal boilers. It evalu-
ates alternative limestone handling, preparation, and
injection methods and boiler system impacts associat-
ed with LIMB applications. LIMB simultaneously re-
duces sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
emissions from pulverized-coal boilers. It is based on
using low-NOx combustion techniques combined with
dry limestone injection into the furnace for simultane-
ous SOx control. The major aim of the study was to
evaluate alternative concepts for application of the
technology assess potential system problems related
to its application, and identify engineering solutions to
those problems. Further goals were to identify informa-
tion needs related to technology application and rec-
ommend evaluations to acquire this information. Con-
ceivably, all new boilers could be designed to handle
any foreseeable impacts associated with LIMB; how-
ever, the practicality of LIMB as a retrofit technology
depends on its compatibility with existing boiler sys-
tems. Sufficient information is not yet available to ac-
curately gauge its applicability as a retrofit technology;
however, this study identified potential system im-
pacts, situations where the impacts will likely be mini-
mized, and design or operating procedures for dealing
with them.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Boilers, Burners,
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Calcium oxides, Tech-
nology, Design, Performance evaluation, Pulverized
fuels, Coal, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
'Limestone injection multistaged burners.
PB83-114736 PC A03/MF A01
1976 National Emissions Report National Emis-
sions Data System of the Aerometric and Emis-
sions Reporting System (AEROS). Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Aug 79,44p EPA-450/4-79-019
See also report for 1977, PB80-222532.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: particulates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Source
emissions data are reported to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under provisions of Section 110 of
the Clean Air Act, as amended 1977, and EPA Regula-
tions, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part
51.321. Summary data are presented for the nation as
a whole, for individual states, and for Air Quality Con-
trol Regions and individual interstate portions thereof.
The data compilations result from the operations of the
National Emissions Data System (NEDS), which func-
tions as a component of the comprehensive EPA air in-
formation system-the Aerometric and Emissions Re-
porting System (AEROS). AEROS is managed by the
National Air Data Branch, Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, at Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Sources, Estimates, Parti-
cles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, United States, States(United
States), Concentration(Composmon), Tables(Data),
*Ak quality data. National Emissions Data System,
Aerometric and Emissions Reporting System, Clean
Air Act, Air quality control regions.
PB83-114785 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Governing Chesapeake Waters: A History of
Water Quality Controls on Chesapeake Bay, 1607-
1972,
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore. School of Law.
John Capper, Garrett Power, and Frank R. Shivers, Jr.
Oct82,153pEPA-600/3-82-088
The Chesapeake Bay has been called the most-stud-
ied and best understood estuary in the United States.
yet it is practically unexamined in the areas of the
social sciences and the humanities. The many plan-
ning documents, of which the Corps of Engineers'
Chesapeake Bay Study is the largest, are general
compilations of information and issues rather than
original pieces of research. This report has relied pri-
marily on written soruces. Those proving most fruitful
have been the annual reports of various state agen-
cies; the occasional reports of study commissions and
blue ribbon panels; and the codes, statutes, and case
law of the two states.
Keywords: 'History, 'Water pollution control, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Regulations, Statutes, State government,
Public health, Navigation, Fisheries, Shellfish.
PB83-115170 PCA03/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Type A Viral Hepatitis: Effect of Chlorine on Infec-
tivlty. Final rept. 1 Aug 78-20 Dec 81,
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chica-
go, IL
David A. Peterson. Oct 82,30p EPA-600/2-82-089
Grant EPA-R-805986
The objective of this study was to determine the effect
of (HOCI) treatment on the infectivity of hepatitis A
virus (HAV). Prodromal chimpanzee feces, shown to
induce hepatitis in marmosets (Saginus sp.), was clari-
fied (JA 20/8K/30 min/5C), the virus precipitated with
7% PEG 6000, harvested (JA 20/8K/30 min/5C) and
resuspended. The suspensions were layered onto 5-
30% linear surcrose gradients, centrifuged (SW27/
25K/3 hrs/5C) and the fractions containing HAV were
pooled, dialyzed and ampulized. A 1:500,000 dilution
of this preparation induced hepatitis in 2/4 and sero-
converston in 2/4 marmosets. A 1:50 dilution of this
preparation that routinely produced hepatitis in 100%
of the marmosets inoculated served as inoculum for
subsequent experiments.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Chlorination, 'Disinfection,
'Water treatment chemicals, Monkeys, Laboratory
animals, Microorganism control(Water), Potable water,
Toxicrty, 'Hepatitis A viruses, Infectivity, Marmosets,
Pathogens, Drinking water. Water pollution control.
PB83-115360 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Identification, Evaluation, and Control of Toxic
Substances in Industrial Effluents: Preliminary
Proceedings of Workshop,
Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Pritzker Dept of Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
Glenn D. Pratt, James W. Patterson, Gilman Veith,
Lawrence L. Tavarides, and George Herr. Jun 82,303p
Also pub. as Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Notre
Dame Industrial Waste Elimination Research Center
rept no. IIT/IWERC-82/1. Sponsored in part by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region V.
Prepared papers of the speakers at the workshop on
the Identification, Evaluation, and Control of Toxic
Substances in Industrial Effluents, held at the Conrad
Hilton Hotel; Chicago, Illinois, on June 15-16, 1982.
The workshop was designed for academia, industry,
and government and focused on the surfacing, evalua-
tion, and control of toxic substances in wastewater dis-
charges. The technical presentations featured actual
case histories on the use of detailed manufacturing
process evaluation to surface toxicants, the use of
manufacturing process modification to eliminate or
reduce the formation of toxicants, and the analysis of
chemical structure/activity relationships to predict the
potential for toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation,
mutagenicity, etc. The workshop was co-sponsored by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S.
Department of Commerce, the Illinois Chamber of
Commerce, and the Illinois Institute of Technology.
The appendix contains a list of attendees.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Meetings, 'Water pol-
lution, Manufacturing, Assessments, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB83-115428 PC A02/MF A01
Radiofrequency Measurements Workshop, No-
vember 3-5,1980. Workshop summary,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Richard A. Tell. Jut 82,18p EPA-520/2-82-010
Experiences with the use, application, design, and limi-
tations of currently available instrumentation for as-
sessing potentially hazardous electromagnetic fields
are discussed. Field and laboratory tests were con-
ducted in order to compare differing instruments and
measurement techniques under identical field and test
conditions. Emphasis was placed on broadband
survey types of instruments as opposed to more so-
phisticated, narrowband measuring equipment.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Electromagnetic radiation,
'Radiation hazards, Measuring instruments, Tests,
Measurement, Electromagnetic fields.
PB83-115436 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
ANSWERS (Area! Nonpoint Source Watershed En-
vironment Response Simulation) User's Manual,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
David B. Beasley, and Larry F. Huggins. Dec 81,59p
EPA-905/9-82-001
Grant EPA-G-005335
This report is an expanded and edited version of the
Users Manual for the ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint
Source Watershed Environment Response Simula-
tion) model, first published in September, 1980. AN-
SWERS is a distributed parameter model capable of
predicting the hydrologic and erosion response of pri-
marily agricultural watersheds. Particle-size distribu-
tions of the eroded sediment are available. The
manual provides insights into model concepts, input
requirements, output interpretation, and planning ap-
plications.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution,
'Watersheds, Manuals, Mathematical models, Flow
distribution, Rainfall, Soil erosion, Land use, Sediment
transport, Fluid infiltration, Cultivation, Soil water,
Channel flow, Manning formula, Surface roughness,
Particle size, ANSWERS model, Nonpoint sources,
Best management practices.
PB83-115600 PCA03/MFA01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1970-
1981. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Sep 82,44p* EPA-450/4-82-012
See also report for 1970-78, PB82-232687.
This report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the five major pollutants:
sulfur oxides, particulates, cartoon monoxide, volatile
organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides. Estimates
are broken down according to major types of air pollut-
ant sources. A short analysis of emission trends is
given, along with a discussion of methods used to de-
velop the data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Trends, Sulfur oxides, Parti-
cles, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sources, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes. Combustion prod-
ucts, Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB83-115972 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Analysis of New Source Review (NSR) Permitting
Experience,
TRW, Inc., Durham, NC.
L Hayes, W. Warren-Hicks, L. Bravo, J. Avery, and J.
Shumaker. Aug 82,249p
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
Pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
EPA, in 1978, revised its New Source Review (NSR)
regulations. The revised Prevention of Significant De-
tenoration (PSD) regulations were more extensive
than their predecessors in that many more sources
December 1983 1383
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were subject to PSD requirements. The NSR regula-
tions were again revised in 1980 as a result of litiga-
tion. This report deals with a sample of the pre-con-
struction permits issued under EPA's post-1977 NSR
regulations. The data and information contained in this
report summarize results of a study directed at assess-
ing the experience of EPA's New Source Review
(NSR) Program. Information extracted from Prevention
of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and non-attainment
permit files augmented by data obtained from compa-
ny representatives have been compiled, analyzed and
interpreted. An automated (computer) data base has
been constructed containing relevant data for each of
more than 285 PSD and non-attainment permits
issued since 1978.
Keywords: 'Licenses, "Air pollution, 'Regulations, Re-
views, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, 'New source review, *Air quality,
Prevention of significant deterioration, Best technolo-
gy-
PM3-115MO PCA04/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Hew Source Review (NSR) Permitting
Experience: Executive Summary.
TRW, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Aug 82,53p
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
This report surveys 285 Prevention of Significant Dete-
rioration (PSD) permits Issued between 1978 and 1980
and analyzes permit processing times, the stringency
of permit limitations, the impact of PSD 'increment,'
and other aspects of the PSD program.
Keywords: 'Licenses, 'Air pollution, 'Regulations,
Prevention of Significant Deterioration, New Source
MQV10W.
PB83-116004 PC AOS/MF A01
Air Potation. Appendix a Mathematical Model for
Urban Diffusion of Cartoon Monoxide from Motor
Vehicle*.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modem Socie-
«76.82p
See also PB-240 566. Prepared in cooperation with
FEEMAS.
Verification of the applicability of a mathematical
model for predicting CO (Carbon Monoxide) diffusion
in an urban environment Model was evaluated in
Turin, Italy and proved suitable for the simulation of
pollution levels induced by vehicle traffic.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
"Carbon monoxide. Urban areas, Exhaust emissions,
Transport properties, Motor vehicles, Nonpoint
sources.
PB83-1 16079 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Groundwatw Management Strategy for Michigan:
Social and Economic Impacts of Toxic Waste
Sites: Rose and Springfield Townships, Oakland
^jm.. •.. •"—•-• ---
ix>umy, Htcnigan,
Michigan Dept of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
LJUan F. Dean. Jun 82, 1 92p MI/DNR/GW-82/06
Grant EPA-P-005588-01
See also PB82-143884.Prepared in cooperation with
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, Detroit
This report presents the Rose and Springfield Town-
ship orphaned toxic waste sites as a case history.
Events and agency actions related to site cleanup and
cribed. B
water well testing (1968 to 1981) are de
upon interviews with area residents, the types of social
and economic impacts that were experienced are
identified. Alternative activities are also identified to aid
local governments in dealing with the discovery of
toxic waste sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
•Water pollution, 'Urban areas. Sites, Dumping, Water
weBs, Monitoring, Social effect. Economic impact,
Local government. Interviews, Recommendations,
Toxicity, Law enforcement Public health, Michigan,
Clean up, Oakland County(Michigan).
PB83-116087 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Groundwater Management Strategy for Michigan:
Draft Response and Incident Tracking Proce-
dures.
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Water
Quality Div.
Jul 82,19p MI/DNR/GW-82/05
Grant EPA-P-00558801
Several management tools are needed to guide state
response to incidents of ground-water pollution be-
cause of the large number of incidents at which State
response actions may need to be performed. Two pri-
mary management tools are described in this docu-
ment These management tools are: General re-
sponse procedures - guidance as to how and when
state actions are initiated in response to incidents of
groundwater pollution concern; and Incident tracking
procedures - An Information Management System to
facilitate the recording, tracking and distribution of in-
formation on the status of each contamination inci-
dent
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality management Information retrieval,
Data storage, Documentation, Monitoring.
PB83-116103 PCA08/MFA01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Cocoa Beach, FL. John F. Kennedy Space Center.
Verification and Transfer of Thermal Pollution
Model. Volume IV: User's Manual for Three-Di-
mensional Rigid-Lid Model. Final rept Mar 78-Sep
80,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL.
Samuel S. Lee, Emmanuel V. Nwadike, and Sumon E.
Sinha. May 82,156p EPA-600/7-82-037D
Contract NAS10-9410
See also Volume 3, PB82-238585.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The six-volume report describes the theory of a three-
dimensional (3-D) mathematical thermal discharge
model and a related one-dimensional (1 -D) model, in-
cludes model verification at two sites, and provides a
separate user's manual for each model. The 3-D
model has two forms: free surface and rigid lid. The
former, verified at Anclote Anchorage (FL), allows a
free air/water interface and is suited for significant sur-
face wave heights compared to mean water depth;
e.g., estuaries and coastal regions. The latter, verified
at Lake Keowee (SC), is suited for small surface wave
heights compared to depth because surface elevation
has been removed as a parameter. These models
allow computation of time-dependent velocity and
temperature fields for given initial conditions and time-
varying boundary conditions. The free-surface model
also provides surface height variations with time.
Keywords: 'Lake Keowee, 'Thermal pollution, 'Water
pollution control, Manuals, Estuaries, Mathematical
models, Three dimensional flow, Ocean waves,
Height Interfaces, Coasts, Depth, Boundary layer,
Florida, Computer programs, Mixing, Plumes, South
Carolina, Thermal diffusely,
TMAINN computer program.
Discharge(Water),
PB83-116111 PCA19/MFA01
Water Resources Data Louisiana, Water Year
1981. Volume 1: Central and Northern Louisiana.
Water-data rept 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Div.
Mar 82,438p USGS/WRD/HD-81/021, USGS/WDR/
LA-1
See also PB81-171621. Prepared in cooperation with
the State of Louisiana.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Lou-
siana consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of ground water. This report, in three volumes,
contains records for water discharge at 81 gaging sta-
tions (including stage for 76 of these stations); stage
only for 37 gaging stations and 10 lakes; contents for 1
reservoir; water quality for 142 surface-water stations
(including 35 gaging stations), 27 miscellaneous sites,
and 10 lakes, and 286 wells; and water levels for 679
observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Louisi-
ana, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table. Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-116400 PCA09/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
The Biology and Propagation of 'Zostera marina',
Eelgrass, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia,
Virginia Inst of Marine Science, Gloucester Point
Robert J. Orth, and Kenneth A. Moore. Oct 82,197p
265, EPA-600/3-82-090
Grant EPA-R-805953
Special rept. no. 265 in Applied Marine Science and
Ocean Engineering.
Basic biological aspects related to the growth and
propagation of eelgrass in the lower Chesapeake Bay
were studied in a series of six experiments designed to
reveal information on seasonal aspects of standing
crops, reproduction, transplanting and spontaneous
revegetation in denuded areas, and growth of eelgrass
seedlings under laboratory conditions of increased nu-
trient enrichment. Data analysis revealed distinct sea-
sonal trends in the growth cycle of eelgrass. Trans-
plantation of eelgrass plugs in the fall insures greater
survivability than doing so in other seasons. The pri-
mary method of revegetation by Ruppia sp. and Zos-
tera sp. seems to be by lateral growth from adjacent
unimpacted areas. The addition of a balanced formula-
tion of fertilizer stimulates the growth of eelgrass under
laboratory conditions.
Keywords: 'Plant reproduction, 'Sea grasses,
'Chesapeake Bay, Plant growth, Seasonal variations,
Nutrients, Survival, Fertilizers, Trends, Tests, Compari-
son, Virginia, Tables(Data), 'Zostera marina, Eelgrass.
PB83-116426 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Fate, Transport, and Transformation of Toxics:
Significance of Suspended Sediment and Fluid
Mud,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Maynard Nichols, Richard Harris, Galen Thompson,
and Bruce Nelson. Oct 82,114p EPA-600/3-82-089
Grant EPA-R-806002
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Univ., Charlottes-
ville.
The objective of the report is to determine the distribu-
tion of selected metals in suspended material and fluid
mud, to identify potential zones of toxic accumulation,
and to trace their transport routes. Observations of
flow, salinity, suspended material, pH, and dissolved
oxygen were accomplished in Bay-wide longitudinal
sections and at four anchor stations in the northern
Bay between March 1979 and April 1980. The obser-
vations coyer a range of conditions, including seasonal
high-tow river discharge, sediment influx, neap-spring
tide range, and oxygenated-anoxic water. Samples of
suspended material, fluid mud, and bed sediment were
analyzed for their particle size, organic matter, and
metal content. Metal concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Ni,
Pb, Sn, and Zn in fluid mud and bed sediment per gram
of material decrease seaward from a maximum in the
Baitimore-Susquehanna River Area. Management and
monitoring strategies are provided to reduce potential-
ly toxic metals to acceptable levels and warn manage-
ment agencies of toxic hazards.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Suspended sediments, 'Water
pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Mud,
Concentration(Composition), Arsenic, Copper, Manga-
nese, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Tin, Zinc, Iron, Circulation,
Particle size, Toxicity, Water flow, Susquehanna River,
Sediment transport, Tables(Data), 'Path of pollutants,
Baltimore Harbor.
PB83-116756 PC A02/MF A01
Alternate Forms of the Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard for Photochemical Oxidants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
May 78,23p
Review of the primary and secondary ambient air qual-
ity standard for photochemical oxidants including an
examination of the overall form of the standard as well
1384 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
as a consideration of the appropriateness of the con-
centration level and averaging time. By using the
annual second highest hourly average, an apparently
simple means is available for determining compliance.
However, analysis shows that there are problems of
sufficient importance that alternate forms must be
given serious consideration. To ensure compliance
with the .08 ppm standard precursor emission levels
must be controlled to the point that .08 ppm is never
exceeded, which is not a feasible expectation. Thus
the current standard is more severe than is apparent
from first inspection. A proposed form for assessing
oxidant measurements is suggested.
Keywords: *Oxidizers, 'Standards, *Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Reviews, Photochemis-
try, Assessments, Substitutes, *Air quality.
PB83-116814 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
The Colorado Experience with Inspection/Mainte-
nance Data Handling: Machine Readable Forms.
Final rept
National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and
Safety, Fort Collins, CO.
May 82,215p EPA-460/3-82-010
Grant EPA-T-901383-01
This report presents a comprehensive discussion of
the data handling process in Colorado's decentralized
vehicle emissions inspection/maintenance (I/M) pro-
gram. The purpose of the report is to give other states
with operating or planned decentralized I/M programs
an opportunity to consider Colorado's innovative and
highly successful method of data collection and analy-
sis. The report describes the development and imple-
mentation of the Colorado system which uses machine
readable forms in order to deal with the large amount
of data generated from the many private garage in-
spection stations. The report also discusses a unique
approach used by the State to ensure the use of the
greatest amount of valid data in various categories of
analysis. Appendices to the report contain complete
documentation of the forms, procedures, and data
analysis techniques used in the Colorado system.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Inspection, 'Maintenance,
•Data processing, 'Machine coding, Data acquisition,
Exhaust emissions, Optical scanners, Colorado.
PB83-116822 PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Methanol as a Transportation Fuel.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
R. Dwight Atkinson. Jun 82,46p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-13
This report examines the issues surrounding the distri-
bution of synthetic motor fuels, especially rnethanol.
Four basic issues are discussed: (1) an overview of the
existing transportation fuel distribution network includ-
ing historical trends and crude oil pipeline networks
and capacities (2) the technical problems in transport-
ing rnethanol (3) economic costs of long-range, local,
and retail distribution and (4) the total distribution ca-
pacity needed to support a viable synduel industry. In
conclusion, the total capital costs for synthetic motor
fuel distribution is given and compared to the capital
cost requirements for synfuel production facilities.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Cargo transportation,
Fuels, Capitalized costs, Economic analysis, Pipelines.
PB83-116830 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from
Methanc4- and Gasoline-Fueled Automobiles. Final
rept Jun 81-Mar 82,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Lawrence R. Smith, and Charles M. Urban. Aug 82,
180p EPA-460/3-82-004
Contracts EPA-68-03-2884, EPA-68-03-3073
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from four light-duty, spark-ignited automobiles. Two of
the automobiles, a 1981 Ford Escort and a 1981
Volkswagen Rabbit were evaluated with gasoline; one
of these was also operated on a gasoline-alcohol
Mend. The two other vehicles, also a 1981 Escort and
a 1981 Rabbit, were evaluated with rnethanol fuel. The
automobiles were evaluated over the Light-Duty Fed-
eral Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel Econ-
omy Driving Schedule (HFET). Additional evaluations
with the methanol-fueled Escort and Rabbit were con-
ducted using promoted base metal catalysts, and the
Escort was evaluated in a non-catalyst configuration.
Exhaust constituents measured, in addition to the reg-
ulated emissions, include: aldehydes (including formal-
dehyde), particulates, individual hydrocarbons, metha-
nol, ethanol, ammonia, cyanide, amines, nitrosamines,
and methyl nitrite. Additional exhaust evaluations in-
cluded mass spectral and Ames bioassay analyses.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Automotive fuels, 'Exhaust
emissions, Gasoline, Carbinols, Air pollution, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Fuel consumption, Catalytic
converters, Motor vehicles(1981 models), Ford Escort
vehicles, Volkswagen Rabbit vehicles.
PB83-116848 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Charged Grid Sensor for Air-
borne Carbon Fibers. Final rept. 1 Jul 80-30 Sep 81,
BioneticsCorp., Hampton, VA.
S. Salmirs, J. Schrader, and A. Butterfield. Oct 82,54p
EPA-600/3-82-086
Contract EPA-68-02-3272
This development addressed the sensing and meas-
urement of carbon fibers moving in ventilating ducts or
the exhaust stacks of incinerators. The sensor system
utilizes a series of 5 electrically charged grids with dif-
ferent grid spacings to sense the fibers, make determi-
nations of their length, and present a count of the num-
bers detected. The system will sense carbon fibers
shorter than 0.1 mm moving at velocities from 2 to 4
meters per second. In addition, the system will meas-
ure fiber populations up to 100 fibers/cu meter in each
of 5 lengths ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 mm. The areas
which require further development have been identi-
fied together with a list of design requirements and al-
ternate materials or fabrication techniques applicable
to producing a unit for evaluation in a field test A com-
panion development produced a mobile flow test facili-
ty for evaluating and calibrating instrumentation which
measures fibrous aerosols.
Keywords: *Carbon fibers, 'Measuring instruments,
'Air pollution, 'Electric power transmission, Sensors,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Forecasting,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Reid tests,
'Stationary sources.
PB83-116871 PC A23/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Textile Mills
Point Source Category. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Anne M. Gorsuch. Sep 82,535p EPA-440/1-82/022
This document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the textile industry for the purpose of develop-
ing effluent limitations for existing point sources,
standards of performance for new sources, and pre-
treatment standards for existing and new sources to
implement Sections 301, 304, 306, and 307 of the
Dean Water Act. The study covers approximately
6,000 textile manufacturing facilities in SIC Major
Group 22 of which approximately 2,000 are specifically
affected by the findings. Effluent limitation guidelines
are set forth for the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able through the application of the best practicable
control technology currently available (BPT), and the
best available technology economically achievable
(BAT) and the best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) which must be achieved by existing
point sources by Jury 1,1984. Supporting data, ration-
ale, and methods for development of the effluent limi-
tation guidelines and standards are contained in this
document
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Standards, 'Guidelines,
•Water pollution control, Regulations, Technology,
Sources, 'Water pollution abatement, Point sources,
Performance for new sources, Best technology, Water
quality.
PB83-116897 PCA03/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Organic Emissions from Iron Ore Sintering Plants:
Determination of Causes and Methods of Abate-
ment Final rept. Jul 77-Jul 78,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Dept. of Metallurgical and Materi-
als Engineering.
Robert A. Stoehr. Oct 82,37p EPA-600/2-82-091
Grant EPA-R-805304
Sponsored in part by American Iron and Steel Inst,
Washington, DC.
The report gives results of a laboratory study to devel-
op basic information on the emission of organics from
iron ore sinter beds. Samples of sinter bed mix compo-
nents (including several types of iron ore fines, blast
furnace flue dust, rolling mill scale, anthracite coal, and
limestone) were obtained from three sinter producers.
Small samples were heated in a tube furnace under a
100 m1/m in flow of N2 or air. A combination of total
organic analysis and full chromatographic analysis
was used to determine the rate of organic emissions
as a function of temperature and to characterize the
nature of the emissions. Maximum emissions were ob-
served between 300 and 500C. Substantial emissions
occurred as low as 10OC and as high as 800C. They
were less in air than in N2, indicating that combustion
occurred even at comparatively low temperatures
where the fixed carbon does not burn. Mill scale and
blast furnace dust were shown to be the major sources
of the organic emissions. These results suggest proce-
dures for recycling the hydrocarbon-bearing gases
through the hot sinter bed to produce complete com-
bustion and for thermally pretreating the offending
components.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Iron ores, 'Sintering, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Sintering furnaces, Dust, Laboratory
equipment.
PB83-116913 PCA04/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of 200, 591 and 2450 MHz Microwaves on
Cerebral Energy Metabolism,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Aaron P. Sanders, and William T. Joines. Oct 82,72p
EPA-600/1-82-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3233
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Dept. of Electrical Engineering.
Earlier work has shown that levels of key biochemicals
in the energy production system of rat brain are affect-
ed by exposure to 591 MHz microwave radiation at
13.8 mW/sq cm. The objectives of this study were to
determine whether there are direct microwave effects
on the biological system or whether they are second-
ary to the hyperthermia produced in the tissue, to es-
tablish dose-response relationships for the effects,
and to investigate different frequencies of exposure
and modulation of the carrier signal. The fluorescence
of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
in the rat brain was measured in vivo during exposure
to the microwave radiation, and adenosine triphos-
phate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) levels were
measured chemically after exposure.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Brain,
'Central nervous system, Absorption, Rats, Laborato-
ry animals, Dosimetry, Exposure, Dosage, Responses,
Fluorescence, Metabolism, Nicotinamide adenine din-
ucleotide, Adenosine triphosphate, Creatine phos-
phate.
PB83-116921 PC A02/MF A01
Transport and Fate of Selected Organic Pollutants
In a Sandy Soil. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, C. G. Enfield, W. J. Dunlap, R. L. Cosby,
and D. A. Foster. Oct 81,8p EPA-600/J-80-036
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v10 n4 p501-506
1981.
To assess the minimal protection that soil can be ex-
pected to provide ground water, transport and fate of
13 organic pollutants were studied in a sandy soil with
low organic matter content (0.087% organic C). Glass
columns were packed with soil to a depth of 140 cm in
a manner that preserved to the maximum extent possi-
ble the characteristics of the original soil profile. Col-
umns received 14 cm/day of water containing a mix-
ture of approximately 1.0 or 0.2 mg/liter of each of the
December 1983 1385
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
organic compounds. Quantities of compounds that
volatilized from the soil surface were measured, as
well as concentrations in the column effluent A simple
mathematical model based on water solubility of the
compound and the organic C content of the soil pre-
dicted the retardation factors of the pollutants within a
factor of three.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, * Soils, * Water pollu-
tion, Transport properties, Mathematical models,
Ground water, Chloroform, Toluene, Chlorine organic
compounds, Reprints, 'Land pollution, Path of pollut-
ants, Propane/dibromo-chloro, Methane/bromo-dich-
toro, Ethane/dichloro, Ethene/tetrachloro, Ethane/
trichtoro.Ethene/trichloro, Benzene/chloro, Benzene/
nitro, Ether/chloroethyl.
PBS3-116839 PC A02/MF A01
An Overview of Current Spill Cleanup Technology,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Richard A. Griffiths. 1982,16p EPA-600/D-e2-341
A review of the equipment and techniques for respond-
ing to spills of dangerous cargoes is presented in the
report. Categorizing spilled products as floaters, sink-
ers, mixers, or vapors provides a convenient viewpoint
for discussing response technology, which depends
strongly on which behavior the product exhibits. Spills
of radioactive and bacteriological agents are not cov-
ered in this paper, though the potential use of bacteria
for mitigating oil or chemical spills Is noted. The tech-
nologies for responding to spills of floaters and sinkers
are shown to be the most well developed of the four
types. Equipment and techniques in common use by
the United States and Canadian governments are dis-
cussed to illustrate this. Current technology includes
both removal of the pollutant using non-conventional
equipment such as booms, skimmers, dredges, or sor-
bents and in-piace treatment such as chemically-en-
hanced dispersion, enhanced microbiological degra-
dation, or in-place burning.
Keywords: 'Cleaning, 'Water pollution control, Crude
oil, Responses, Floating, Evaporation, Vapors, Mixing,
Acids, Pesticides, Hydrocarbons, Hazardous materi-
als. Ammonia, Bacteria, Degradation, Neutralizes,
Equipment Recovery, Buffers(Chemistry),
Stabi)izere(Agents), Combustion, Booms(Equipment),
Dredges, Dispersing, 'Spills, 'dean up.
PB83-116947 PC A02/MF A01
Reclamation of Pyrftic Waste,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Ronald D. Hill, Kenneth R. Hinkle, and M. Lynn Ape).
1982,25p EPA-600/D-82-340
Prepared in cooperation with Industrial Environmental
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Vir-
ginia State Water Control Board, Richmond.
The reclamation of land used for the disposal of pyritjc
mine waste utilizing sewage sludge as a soil condition-
er has been studied in laboratory greenhouse studies
and a full-scale demonstration project Analysis of
samples revealed that some of the mining waste haVi a
pH as low as 1.8, and copper and zinc content as high
as 10 mg/g, and 2 mg/g, respectively. Greenhouse
column studies showed mat mine waste treated with
sewage sludge, agricultural limestone, and fertilizer
supported a good grass growth and improved the qual-
ity of the leachate generated. Reclamation of 8 hec-
tares of disturbed mine land began in 1976. Fair to
good vegetative cover had been established on over
90 percent of the area by 1982. To assure success of
the vegetation, yearly maintenance of the more toxic
areas has been required. Maintenance includes addi-
tion of fertilizer and limestone, and in the worst area, ir-
rigation during drought periods. Weeping lovegrass
(Eragrostis curvuta) and Fescue (Ky-31, Festuca eta-
tior var. arundenacea) have been the most successful
vegetation.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, 'Mines(ExcavatJons),
Fertilizers, Sewage sludge. Limestone, Leaching,
Vegetation growth,'Solid wastes.
PB83-116954 PCA02/MFA01
Porous Pavement Research; Development, and
OsiiionsuaUon. Journal article.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edfeon, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Reid, Hugh Masters, and Metvin Singer. May
82,17p EPA-600/J-82-230
Pub. in Transportation Engineering Jnl. of ASCE, v108
nTE3p244-258May82.
This paper discusses the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's porous pavement research program
along with the economics, advantages, potential appli-
cations, and status and future research needs of
porous pavements. Porous pavements are an avail-
able stormwater management technique which can be
used on parking lots and low volume roadways to
reduce both stormwater runoff volume and pollution. In
addition, grpundwater recharge is enhanced. Also,
cost reductions result due to elimination of curbs,
drains, and small sized storm sewers. Porous asphalt
pavements consist of a relatively thin course of open
graded asphalt mix over a deep base of large size
crushed stones. Water can be stored in the crushed
stone base until it can percolate into the subbase or
drain laterally. Other porous pavement types include
concrete lattice blocks and a porous concrete mix
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Concrete pave-
ments, Runoff, Porous materials, Cellular concrete,
Ground water recharge, Bituminous concretes, Perco-
lation, Cost analysis, Reprints, 'Storm water runoff.
PB83-116962 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Bsrotdlnes by QM Chromtto-
ormpWe Separation of Derivative* with Electron
Capture Detection. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Oncin-
natJ,OH.
F. K. Kawahara. J. R. Dunn, F. A. Fiutem. and P. J.
McCullough. 1982.16p EPA-600/J-82-011
Pub. In Analytica Chimica Acta 138, p207-2201982.
Factors considered in the development of a method
for the determination of toxic, water-soluble benzi-
dines, involved providing a good technique for their
adequate recovery, converting quantitatively the isolat-
ed amines to relatively stable derivatives suitable for
measurement and storage, coupled with relative ease
of preparation of the derivatives, and resolving the pre-
pared compounds during their measurement Benzi-
dine and dicfilorobenzkjine are quantitatively extracted
from wastewater and measured quantitatively through
the preparation of their respective pentafluoropropion-
amktes (PFP) by using PFP-imidazote. Overall recov-
ery efficiency for benzidines from wastewater ranges
from 91 to 103%. These derivatives are relatively
stable compounds and have detection limits of 0.2 pg
or less, when electron capture detection is used with
gas chromatograpy. Derivatives of o-tolidine and diani-
skSne are also described.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
Water pollution, Water analysis, Reprints, 'Benzidines,
•Water pollution detection, Electron capture detectors.
PB83-116970 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The Effect* of Mercury on Developing Larvae of
'RnHhropanopeu* harritff (GouM). L Interactions
of Temperature, Ssflntty and Mercury on Larval
Development Journal article,
Duke Univ., Beaufort. NC. Marine Lab.
C. L McKermey, Jr., and J. D. Costiow, Jr. 6 Dec 80,
21pEPA-600/J-82-229,, ERLN-X40
Grant EPA-R-601305
Pub. in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v14
p193-2131982.
Larvae of the estuarine xanthid crab Rhrthropanopeus
harristi were reared in the laboratory from hatch
through completion of metamorphosis to postlarva in
64 combinations of temperature, salinity and mercury.
Multiple linear regression analysis and response sur-
face methodology were used to determine and visually
dfeplay the individual and interactive effects of the vari-
ous constant temperature-salinity-mercury combina-
tions on both survival and developmental rates of de-
veloping larvae throughout total larval development
and for zoeae and megalopae separately, to dtstin-
guteh any differential sensitivity between the two larval
forms.
Keywords: 'Crabs, •Mercury(Metal), 'Toxicology,
Larvae, Physiological effects, Crustacea, Shellfish,
Temperature, Salinity, Survival, Reprints, Rhrthropano-
peus harristi, 'Water pollution erfects(Animals), 'Toxic
substances. Heavy metals.
PB83-116988 PC A02/MF A01
Hemoglobin Binding as a Dose Monitor for Chemi-
cal Carcinogens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Michael A. Pereira, and Lina W. Chang. 1982,23p
EPA-600/D-82-335
Presented at Banbury Conference, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, April 18-21,
1982.
The covalent binding of chemical carcinogens and mu-
tagens to hemoglobin has been proposed as a dose
monitor for environmental exposure. The binding of
chloroform and bromoform to hemoglobin in rats was
demonstrated to result from the formation of adducts
to amino acids in the globin. The altered amino acids
were isolated with an amino acid analyzer employing
ion exchange chromatography. At low doses the cova-
lent binding of chloroform, and 2-acetylaminofluorene,
were linearly related to dose. At higher doses, the
binding increased as a non-linear and decreased func-
tion of dose. A pharmacokinetic model was described
that relates the dose as determined by hemoglobin
binding, to exposure, and carcinogenic potency. The
quantitative difference of carcinogenic potencies for
chemical carcinogens was not reflected to the Hemo-
globin Binding Indices of the carcinogens. Therefore,
the binding of a carcinogen to hemoglobin appears to
be suitable for use in the estimation of the systemic
dose and exposure to the carcinogen but not lor the
estimation of the carcinogenic potency.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Mutagens, 'Hemoglobins,
Monitors, Blood proteins, Dosage, Amino acids, Bind-
ing, Pharmacoklnetics.
PB83-116996
PC A02/MF A01
A Wind Tunnel Study of Dispersion from Sources
Downwind of Three-Dimensional Hills, Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
I. P. Castro, and W. H. Snyder. 1982,21 p EPA-600/J-
81-470
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16 n8 p1869-1887
1982.
The nature of the separated flow fields downwind of
moderately steep hills of varying crosswind aspect
ratios has been examined using models placed in a
simulated adiabatic atmospheric boundary layer in a
meteorological wind tunnel. The hills ranged from an
axisymmetric cone to a two-dimensional ridge. Con-
centration patterns resulting from sources placed at
numerous heights and distances downwind of these
hills were examined. Effective stack heights and ampli-
fication factors (i.e., ratios of maximum ground-level
concentrations in the presence of the hills to those in
the absence of the hills) were used to characterize the
effects of the hills on plume transport and diffusion.
Amplification factors were generally found to increase
as the aspect ratio increased and as the source height
approached the reattachment streamline (such that
the plume was advected toward the ground). The larg-
est amplification factor (A = 11) was observed when
the source was placed halfway from the hHI center to
the reattachment point at a height of 1 1 /4 hill heights
downwind of the two-dimensional ridge.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Wind(Meteorology), Concentration(Composition),
Hills, Reprints, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB83-117002 PCA02/MFA01
Urban Runoff Quality: Information Needs. Journal
article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Reid. May 82,3p EPA-600/J-82-231
Pub. in Jnl. of the Technical Councils of ASCE, v108
nTC1 p181 May 82.
This Discussion paper comments on an article dealing
with perceptions of urban runoff water quality models.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Accuracy, Reprints.
1386 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-117010 PCA02/MFA01
Pollution Control Practices: Cost for Control of
SO2 Emissions. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William D. Baasel, J. G. Ball, and Jeff L Meling. Jun 82,
9pEPA-600/J-82-233
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, v78 n6 p47-53
Jun 82. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Austin, TX.
The paper gives results of a study (part of a multi-
phased EPA study of the acid rain problem) the objec-
tives of which were to (1) identify and characterize ex-
isting industrial sources of SO2 emissions, (2) identify
the control techniques that can be used to reduce S02
emissions from these sources, and (3) estimate the
S02 emission reduction potential and associated
costs based on applying these controls. Only a portion
of the SO2 sources were investigated in detail; simpli-
fying assumptions were made about the balance of the
SO2 sources studied. The availability of low sulfur
fuels (i.e., physically cleaned coal and low sulfur fuel
oil) was not evaluated. In addition, since sites were not
visited, the remaining useful lives of the sources were
not determined and average flue gas desulfurization
unit retrofit factors were estimated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Cost
analysis, Industrial wastes, Sources, Combustion prod-
ucts, Capitalized costs, Flue gases, Reprints, Flue gas
desulfurization.
PB83-117028 PC A02/MF A01
A Method for Concentrating Viruses Recovered
from Sewage Sludoe*. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Gerald Berg, Donald Berman, and Robert S.
Safferman. 1982,6p EPA-600/J-82-228
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology 28(5), p553-556
1982.
Buffered 10% beef extract eluates of primary, activat-
ed, and anaerobic mesophilically digested sludges
were concentrated 20-fold by the Katzenelson organic
flocculation procedure after diluting the beef extract in
the eluates to a final concentration of 3%. The weight-
ed mean recovery of virions from the concentrates
was approximately 58% of the numbers present in the
unconcentrated buffered 10% beef extract eluates.
Flocculation of eluates that contained buffered 10%
beef extract at times produced poor floes. Application
of the Katzenelson procedure to the diluted buffered
10% beef extract procedure for recovering virions
from sludges permits an economy in the numbers of
cell cultures required for assays of virions in beef ex-
tract eluates that is necessary in most laboratories.
Keywords: 'Sludge, 'Viruses, Enteroviruses, Method-
ology, Reprints, 'Sewage sludge, 'Reconcentration
procedure, Katzenelson procedure, Organic floccula-
tion procedure.
PB83-117036 PCA02/MFA01
A Screening Procedure for Assessing the Trans-
port and Degradation of Solid Waste Constituents
In Subsurface and Surface Waters. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
J. W. Fatao, L A. Mulkey, R. R. Swank, Jr., R. E.
Lipcsei, and S. M. Brown. 1982,16p EPA-600/J-82-
234
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v1
P121-1341982.
An evaluation procedure was developed to rapidly
screen chemicals for their potential to contaminate
both subsurface and surface waters after disposal and
subsequent release from landfills and lagoons. The
procedure estimates movement and degradation of
chemicals based on the physical and chemical proper-
ties of the compound and a defined range of environ-
mental conditions that the compound potentially expe-
riences in groundwater and in rivers, ponds, and reser-
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Water pollution control. Hazardous
materials, Toxicity, Deterioration, Organic compounds,
Selection, Rivers, Ponds, Reservoirs, Reprints, Path of
pollutants.
PB83-117044 PCA04/MFA01
Effects of Toxicants on Plankton,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Gerald E. Walsh. 1982, 70p EPA-600/D-82-338
Presented at the International Course on Environmen-
tal Toxicology, August 16-20,1982, at Heriot-Watt Uni-
versity in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Effects of heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial and
municipal wastes on plankton in the field and laborato-
ry are reviewed. Both holoplankton and merpplankton
are discussed. In many cases, merpplanktonic stages
of benthic species are more sensitive than adults al-
though death or depression of physiological activities
are often used as criteria for effects of pollutants with
algae and animals, algae may be used to detect ef-
fects of growth stimulants.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Plankton, Plants(Botany),
Wastes, Sensitivity, Physiological effects, Algae, Ani-
mals, Detection, Indicator species, 'Toxic substances,
•Water pollution effects(Plants), Heavy metals, Holo-
plankton, Meroplankton, Bioindicators.
PB83-117051 PCA02/MFA01
Water Pollution Control Technology In the USA.
Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert L Bunch, 1982,9p EPA-600/J-81-131
Pub. in Water Quality Bulletin (WHO), v7 n3 p107-112,
p149-150Ju!82.
A historical perspective of the need for, and the devel-
opment of technology, for wastewater treatment is
presented. Legislative activity for environmental en-
hancement closely followed public interest. Currently,
major concerns in wastewater technology are sludge
disposal, control of toxic substances, and prevention
of eutrophication.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'United States, Activated sludge process, History,
Legislation, Chlorination, Sludge disposal, Hazardous
materials, Reprints, Eutrophication.
PB83-117069 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mechanisms of NOx Formation and Control: Alter-
native and Petroleum-Derived Liquid Fuels,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Santa
Ana, CA.
G. C. England, M. P. Heap, D. W. Pershing, and R. K.
Nihart. 1981,14pEPA-600/D-82-344
Contract EPA-68-02-3125
Pub. in Symposium (International) on Combustion
(18th), the Combustiuon Institute, p163-1741981.
The paper gives results of burning petroleum-, coal-,
and shale-derived liquid fuels in a downfired tunnel fur-
nace to assess the impact of fuel properties on the for-
mation and control of NOx emissions. A nitrogen-free
oxidant mixture (Ar, CO2, O2) was used to isolate fuel
NOx formation. Under excess air conditions, fuel NOx
correlated well with total fuel nitrogen content for both
the petroleum and alternate fuels. Under staged com-
bustion conditions, the influence of fuel nitrogen con-
tent was much less pronounced but equally highly cor-
related except for coal-derived liquid. Exhaust NOx
emissions were directly related to the amount of oxidiz-
able nitrogen species leaving the first stage. NO, HCN,
and NH3 concentrations were measured in the fuel-
rich zone of the staged combustor as a function of stoi-
chkjmetry for seven liquid fuels and one CH4/NH3
mixture. Similar characteristics were observed for all
liquid fuels. As the first stage stoichiometry (SR1) was
reduced, NO concentrations at the first stage exit de-
creased; however, below SR1 = 0.8, HCN and NH3
concentrations increased. Thus, the total fixed nitro-
gen fJFN = NO + HCN + NH3) concentratipn
passed through a minimum. Experimental data also in-
dicated that increasing the temperature of the fuel-rich
zone decreased TFN concentration which resulted in
reduced exhaust NOx emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Fossil fuels, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Petroleum products, Coal, Shale, Furnaces,
Concentration(Composition), 'Chemical reaction
mechanisms.
PB83-117077 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Advectlon-Dispersion Interpretation of Tracer Ob-
servations In an Aquifer. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Eduard Hoehn, and Paul V. Roberts. 1982,11 p EPA-
600/J-82-232
Grants EPA-CR-808851, EPA-R-804431
Pub. in Ground Water, v20 n4 p457-465 Jul-Aug 82.
Data from field tracer experiments are interpreted to
evaluate the adequacy of an advection-dispersion
model for simulating field conditions. A stimulus-re-
sponse approach based on chemical reactor theory
was applied. Two different pulse stimuli at an injection
well resulted in responses in two observation wells lo-
cated at distances of 8 and 17m, respectively, from
the injection well. The wells are perforated over the
entire aquifer thickness of 1-2 m. The behavior of the
two conservative tracers agreed closely with each
other. A two-domain model is employed to extend the
simple advection-dispersion equation to account for
the observed tailing. Response curves of concentra-
tions were fitted with finite-difference simulations using
the two-domain model. The responses at the more dis-
tant well were characterized by values of dispersivfty
equal to or slightly smaller than those at the nearer
well.
Keywords: 'Hydrogeology, 'Ground water recharge,
•Hydraulic models, 'Water pollution control, Aquifers,
Injection wells, Mathematical models, Advection, Dis-
persing, Isotopic labeling, Tritium, Hydraulic conductiv-
ity, Comparison, Porosity, Tables(Data), Reprints, Path
of pollutants, Tracer studies.
PB83-117366 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Rain Mitigation Study. Volume II. FGD Cost
Estimates (Appendices). Final rept. Feb 80-Feb 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. G. Ball, and W. R. Menzies. Sep 82,228p RAD-81-
203-001-12-23, EPA-600/2-82-070B
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 1, PB83-101329.
The report gives results of work to provide a consistent
set of capital investment and operating costs for flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) systems retrofitted to exist-
ing industrial boilers. The investigation of wet lime-
stone scrubbers and lime spray drying FGD systems
included: (1) the apparent discontinuities in both FGD
system capital investment and operating costs; (2)
FGD retrofit factors applied to existing boilers based
on published reports; and (3) differences between
PEDCo Environmental, Inc. and TVA cost estimates
for utility boiler FGD systems. These costing issues
were examined on the bases of design scope, costing
factors (for equipment installation, indirect investment,
etc.), year of costs, inherent strengths and weakness-
es, and published data of actual system costs. Recom-
mendations are made for the cost bases to use in fur-
ther acid rain studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Cost analysis, Cost
estimates, Scrubbers, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, Calcium oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Flue gases, Boilers, 'Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, 'Acid rain.
PB83-117614 PCA06/MFA01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Current Meter Records at the North-
west Atlantic 2800 Metre Radioactive Waste
Dumpsite. Final rept,
Science Applications, Inc., Raleigh, NC.
Peter Hamilton. 17 Jun 82,101 pEPA-520/1 -82-002
Contract EPA-68-01-6235
In August, 1976, four current meter arrays were de-
ployed for a period of three months at the Atlantic
2800 meter radioactive waste disposal site as part of a
scientific survey by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to assess the environmental conditions at this
formerly used site. The disposal site is located on the
Continental Rise and is centered at 38 deg 30' N, 72
deg 06' W. The four arrays were placed in a rectangle
near the periphery of the site, each with a current
meter 5.1 meters off the bottom, with an additional
meter located 96 meters from the bottom at the south-
west mooring. The principal findings included a 3-4
December 1983 1387
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cm/s southwesterly mean current observed near the
bottom. The low frequency part of the spectrum is ex-
plained as bottom trapped topographic Rossby waves.
The high frequency motions are dominated by inertial
oscillations with a maximum amplitude of about 10
cm/s. The potential for sediment transport during the
measurement period is considered very small based
on the observed current speeds.
Keywords: 'Ocean currents, North Atlantic Ocean,
Ocean bottom, Ocean temperature, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, 'Marine disposal, MidAttantic Bight,
Continental Rise.
PB83-117739 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
PAL-OS Mod*: The PAL Model Including Depost-
Sedknentatlon. KMT'S Guide. Repi for
Aug8O-Feb82,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Air Resources Atmospheric Turbu-
lence and Diffusion Lab.
K. Shankar Rao, and H. F. Snodgrass. Oct 82,49p
EPA-600/8-62-023
PAL is an acronym for an air quality model which ap-
plies a Gaussian plume diffusion algorithm to point,
area, and line sources. The model is available from the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and can be
used for estimating hourly and short-term average
concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at multiple
receptors from several sources of each type. PAL is in-
tended to assess the impact on air quality, on scales of
tans of meters to several kilometers, of portions of
urban areas such as shopping centers, large parking
areas, and airports. Level terrain is assumed, and pol-
lutant removal processes are ignored. This report is a
supplementary User's Guide to a modified version of
PAL, PAL-OS, model that utilizes Gaussian plume-type
diffusion-deposition algorithms based on analytical so-
lutions of a gradient-transfer model. The PAL-DS
model can treat deposition of both gaseous and sus-
pended paniculate pollutants in the plume since gravi-
tational settling and dry deposition of the particles are
expScray accounted for.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution. Dep-
osition, Sedimentation, Particles, Computer programs,
'Gaussian plume models, 'PAL model.
PB83-1 17747 PC A03/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
"
Colorado State Univ., Fort Coffins. CoH. of Veterinary
Medkane and Bkxnedical Sciences.
Oct 82, 32p EPA-600/1-B2-013
GrantEPA-R-805215
Giardta cysts isolated from fecal samples obtained
from humans (Homo sapiens), beaver (Castor cana-
densis), dogs (Canis famifiaris), cats (Felis domesti-
cus), bighorn X mouflon sheep (Ovte canadensis X O.
musJmon). guinea pig (Cavis porceHus), muskrat (On-
datra nethica) and mule deer (Odocoiteus hemionus)
were given to a variety of experimental animals.
Human source Giardia established infections in dogs,
cats, beaver, rats (Hattus norvegicus), gerbte (Gerb*-
lus gerbiNus), guinea pig. raccoon (Procyon lotor), big-
horn X mouflon sheep and prooghom (Antikxxapra
americana). Giardia cysts from beaver successfully in-
fected dogs. A dog was infected with Giardia from a
bighorn X mouflon sheep which was infected with
human source Giardfe. Human source Giarrja was
used to infect cats and cysts from the cats were used
to successfuffy infect dogs. Evidence exists that once
dogs are treated with metronidazoie and then re-ex-
posed to Giardia they become infected yet do not shed
cysts. This most Beefy occurs in natural cases of giar-
dtasis in dogs where the animal stops sheddhg cysts
yet has a latent infection. Female dogs and cats may
start sheddrtg GtanSa cysts 3-4 weeks after parturi-
tion.
Keywords: 'Giardte, 'Parasites. Cysts. Invertebrates,
Mastigophora, Protozoa, Humans, Dogs. Cats, Sheep,
Guinea pigs, Deer, Parasitic dfeeases, Beavers, Musk-
rats.
PB83-117004 PC AM/MF E08
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Utility FQD Survey, October-December 1981.
Volume I. Categorical Summaries of FGD Sys-
tems. Volume II. Design and Performance Data for
Operational FGD Systems. Quarterly rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, and N. G. Bruck. Sep 82,1289p EPA-600/
7-83-058A-B
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB81-187783.
The report is the first fuH compilation (not a supple-
ment) since the October-December 1980 report (EPA-
600/7-81-012a and -12b). Because the next three re-
ports are to be supplements, this issue should be re-
tained for reference throughout the year. The report,
generated by a computerized data base system, pre-
sents a survey of operational and planned domestic
utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. It sum-
marizes information contributed by the utility industry,
process suppliers, regulatory agencies, and consulting
engineering firms. Domestic FGD systems are tabulat-
ed alphabetically by development status (operational,
under construction, or in planning stages), utility com-
pany, process supplier, process, and waste disposal
practice. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. Process flow diagrams and FGD system
economic data are appended Section 3 of the report,
because of its length, appears in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Surveys, Boilers, Industrial wastes. Combustion
products. Design, Performance evaluation. Flue
gases, Rue gas desulfurization.
PB83-117911 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Continuous Rural Ozone Data Collection In the
Northeast United States.
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
Nov 80,49p EPA-450/4-80-035
Contract EPA-68-02-3522
This report presents rural ozone data collected in the
Northeast United States during the summer period of
July 1 to September 12,1980. The monitoring was per-
formed at four former Electric Power Research Insti-
tute-Surfate Regional Experiment (EPRI-SURE) moni-
toring stations at Montague, MA; Scranton, PA; Indian
River, DE; and Lewisburg, WV.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Air pollution control, Rural area,
Monitoring, Electric power plants, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, 'Air quality data, 'Northeast
Regk>n(United States), 'Air pollution sampling.
PB83-118232 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Protect
(NECRMP) Continuous Non-Methane Organic
Compound Data Defection. Final rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Edward W. Mullin, Jr., and Ronald D. Heavner. Nov 80,
242p EPA-450/4-80-034
Contract EPA-68-02-3519
This program was proposed (1) to measure non-meth-
ane organic compounds (NMOC) at seventeen (17)
selected sites in or near Boston, Baltimore, Washing-
ton, and New York, and (2) to measure NO/NO2/NOx
at one site in Baltimore and one in Washington. These
NMOC and NO/NO2/NOx measurements will be used
to supplement others made by Federal, State, and
local agencies and contractors monitoring ozone, NO/
NOa/NOx, and meteorological parameters as part of
the 1980 Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling
Project (NECRMP). This report presents the data coi-
fection from June 1 to September 12,1980.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Air pollution, Ozone, State government, National gov-
ernment, 'Air pollution sampling, Northeast corridor
regional modeling project, Boston(Massacbusetts),
BaHirnore(Maryland), New York(New York).
PB83-118760 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Method for Measuring Carbon Fiber Emissions
from Stationary Sources. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. M. Henry, C. M. Melton, and E. W. Schmidt Aug 82,
43p EPA-600/3-82-080
Contract EPA-68-02-3229
Carbon fibers are highly conductive, lightweight and of
small dimensions. When released as emissions from
production, manufacturing, processing and disposal
sources they may become airborne and disperse over
wide areas. If they settle onto electronic or electrical
components they can cause malfunctions and damage
due to their high electrical conductivity. This research
program was initiated to develop techniques to identify
and measure carbon fiber concentrations emitted from
manufacturing, processing, fabricating and incinerat-
ing sources. Its overall objective was to develop a
measurement method useful to support possible emis-
sion regulatory actions. The method was tested on
samples collected from various stationary emission
sources and from a pilot-scale in-house incineration fa-
cility. The results of these emission measurements are
reported.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Sampling,
ConcentrationfComposrtion), 'Stationary sources.
PB83-118802 PC A02/MF A01
Section C: Community Air Sampling,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
David O. Hinton. 1982,16p EPA-600/D-82-337
Community air sampling ranges from simple infrequent
measurement of individual pollutants to complex, con-
tinuous monitoring of multiple pollutants. To aid in
planning a sampling program, suggestions are given
with respect to purpose, site, location, sampling fre-
quency, methods, Quality Assurance, and data retriev-
al. To aid in site selection and/or estimate historical air
pollution levels, estimating techniques and their limita-
tions are discussed. Limitations on the use/usefulness
of fixed location, outside air monitoring stations are
discussed. The need for instrumentation to provide
levels of individual ambient exposure is also dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Monitoring, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Sampling, 'Air
pollution sampling.
PB83-119180 PC A07/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring, 1981. Annual rept,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Donna F. Sefton, and John R. Little. Jun 82,150p
IEPA/WPC/82-006
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program was initiated by
the Illinois EPA in 1981. Citizens were trained to meas-
ure water transparency using a Secchi disc. They also
measured total depth and recorded field observations
from a boat at three sites on their chosen lake. This
report details the methodology and results for the
1981 volunteer program and contains a primer to pro-
vide the non-technical person with a basic understand-
ing of Illinois lakes, factors affecting their water quality,
and actions that can be taken to protect and enhance
them.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Periodic variations, Education, Test
methods, transparence, Tabtes(Data), Illinois, Volun-
teers, 'Trophic level.
PB83-119198 PC A02/MF A01
Revised Test Methods 106 and 107 - (Proposed
November 18, 1980, 45 FR 76346): Summary of
Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Jan 82,25p EPA-450/3-82-002
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of the vinyl chloride methods in
the Federal Register. Changes made to the methods
as a result of these comments are included. This docu-
ment serves as the basis for the revisions which have
been made to the test methods between proposal and
promulgation.
1388 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Gas analysis, Sampling, Re-
vision, Chemical analysis, *EPA method 106, ^EPA
method 107, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-119313 PC A02/MF A01
Guidance on Monitoring Upwind of Urban Areas
for Determining Transport of Ozone and Its Pre-
cursors.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Jun 80,23p
The purpose of this report is to provide specific guid-
ance for collection of ozone and precursor data,
where, needed to define upwind transport into cities.
Certain requirements or recommendations for upwind
monitoring have been made in connection with the
Level 111 modeling analysis recommend as the mini-
mum modeling, requirement in the development of
1982 ozone SlPs. In addition, some states and local-
ities may wish to perform more sophisticated model-
ing. This supplementary, specific guidance for upwind
monitoring is needed because several changes have
been made in the monitoring system and strategies.
This report attempts to describe the above circum-
stances more completely and provides guidance in ef-
fectively carrying out an upwind monitoring program.
The guidance is based primarily on the results of a
special field study conducted in the Philadelphia area
during the summer of 1978 for the purpose of evaluat-
ing approaches for measuring ozone and its precur-
sors upwind of an urban area. Five approaches from
among those consider possible were field tested, and
the findings form a principle basis for the recommen-
dations made in this report The following sections de-
scribe the 1978 field study and its principle findings.
The study was performed under contract to EPA oy
AeroVironment, inc.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, Monitoring, Urban
areas, Transport properties, Wind(Meteorology), Field
tests, State implementation plans.
PB83-119420 PC A03/MF A01
Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds -
Supplement 1. Guideline series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 82,40p EPA-450/3-82-019
See also PB80-221674.
This document consists of three test methods that the
Environmental Protection Agency believes have a
wider range of application as written than the refer-
ence methods promulgated by the Agency in the
course of developing national performance standards
for specific source categories. While these three meth-
ods do not contain source specific application instruc-
tions, they can, with proper consideration as alternate
or screening methods, produce results that in many in-
stances are adequate for determining compliance. The
methods are 'General Measurement of Total Gaseous
Organic Compound Emissions Using a Flame loniza-
tion Analyzer,' 'Determination of Selected Volatile Or-
ganic Emissions by the Adsorption Collection Tech-
nique,' and 'Approximate Determination of Selected
Volatile Organic Emissions Using Detector Tubes'.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, Organic com-
pounds, Concerrtration(Composition), Chemical analy-
sts, Sampling, Adsorption, Tubes, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Air pollution detection, 'Stationary
sources, Flame fonization detectors.
PB83-119438 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Costs of Sulfur Dioxide, Paniculate Matter, and
Nitrogen Oxide Controls on Fossil Fuel Fired In-
dustrial Boilers. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Michael L Bowen, and Mark S. Jennings. Aug 82,
246p EPA-450/3-82-021
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This report is a resource document for the develop-
ment of Federal standards of performance for control
of sulfur dioxide, paniculate matter and nitrogen oxides
emissions from new industrial boilers. It gives capital
and annualized costs for a variety of control technol-
ogies that can be applied to gas, oil, and coal fired in-
dustrial boilers. In addition to control costs for 30, 75,
150, and 400 million Btu per hour size model boilers,
cost algorithms and a computer program are given in
detail to allow for automated cost data development.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Par-
ticles, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Boilers, 'Cost analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Computer programs.
PB83-119453 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Planning Guide for Evaluating Agricultural Non-
point Source Water Quality Controls. Final rept.
Feb 79-Feb 80,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Paul D. Robillard, Michael F. Walter, and Linda M.
Bruckner. Sep 82,744p EPA-600/3-82-021
Grant EPA-R-804925010
This manual is a guide for water quality planners in the
evaluation and selection of agricultural nonpoint
source controls for areas ranging in size from individ-
ual farms and subwatersheds to large regions. Such
controls are specified in water quality plans developed
in response to Section 208 of the 1972 Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments. Control practices
are described for both irrigated and nonirrigated crop-
land. The physical and chemical nature of nonpoint
source pollutants and the pathways by which these
pollutants are transported from field to water body are
examined. Pollutants discussed include nutrients, sedi-
ment, animal wastes, salts and pesticides. Controls in-
volve tillage methods, cropping practices, and meth-
ods of pesticide and fertilizer application.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Farms, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Manuals, Irrigated land, Fertilizers, Agricultural
wastes, Livestock, Inorganic salts, Pesticides, Leach-
ing, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Toxicity, Mathematical
models, Cultivation, Precipitation(Meteorology), Eva-
potranspiration, Runoff, Seepage, Watersheds, Ohio,
Washington(State).
PB83-119917 PCA08/MFA01
Water Resource Data and Preliminary Trend Anal-
ysis for the Blue Creek Watershed Project, Pike
County, Illinois - Phase II,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport. Sep 82,173p IEPA/WPC/82-
008
The purpose of this report is to present and briefly in-
terpret preliminary trends in water quality data collect-
ed from project inception thru September 30,1981 as
part of the Blue Creek Watershed project. The primary
purpose of this monitoring and evaluation project is to
determine the actual yield of pollutants from a variety
of agricultural practices to downstream receiving water
and its effect upon the water quality and reasonable
uses of the water resources. Monitoring and evaluation
of actual Resource Management System implementa-
tion progress on sub-watersheds and yield of pollut-
ants to the major tributary stream and public water
supply lake will allow a reliable comparison of low and
high-cost practices and downstream yield reductions.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, "Water pollution,
'Lakes, Monitoring, Sediments, Trends, Nutrients,
Chemical analysis, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Inorganic
sulfates, Metals, Trace elements, Pesticides, Fertiliz-
ers, Stream flow, Illinois, 'Agricultural watersheds,
'Water quality data, Pike County(lllinois), Nonpoint
sources, Organic loading.
PB83-120253 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Sludge
Disposal in the Des Moines Integrated Community
Area,
Des Moines Integrated Community Area, IA.
G. T. Boblitt, J. W. Braswell, S. H. Fralish, G. M.
Gibbons, and L W. Grauvogel. Jul 82, 231 p EPA-907/
9-82-002
Prepared in cooperation with TenEch Environmental
Engineers, Inc., and Engineering-Science, Inc.
The report describes the environmental effects of al-
ternative municipal wastewater sludge treatment and
disposal methods in the Des Moines Integrated Com-
munity Area including Polk, Warren, and Marion Coun-
ties, Iowa. Eight basic alternatives were considered.
The coal mine reclamation alternatives provide the
greatest benefit among the project alternatives, fol-
lowed by land application and landfilling of dewatered
sludge. Although the absolute impacts among these
alternatives are not that different, improvement of the
mine spoil sites results in a much greater site-specific
beneficial impact. Land application of liquid sludge
would have the greatest negative impact due to ad-
verse socioeconomic factors. Land application of
dewatered sludge at agonomic rates is the stated pre-
ferred alternative.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Environmental impact
statements-final, Sewage treatment, Environmental
impacts, Air quality, Soils, Ecology, Geology, Water
pollution, Noise pollution, Social effect, Earth fills,
Ground water, Seepage, Economic impact, Aquatic
animals, Forest land, Land reclamation, Iowa, Land ap-
plication, Des Moines(lowa), Alternative planning.
PB83-120352 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement: Henry W. Plrkey
Power Plant Unlt-l/South Hallsvllle Surface Lignite
Mine Project, Harrison County, Texas. Final rept.
(Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Sep 82,262p EPA-906/9-82-011
Proposed projects include a 720 MW power plant,
three 138 kv transmission lines, make-up water pipe-
line and railroad spur. The 272 acre plant island and
1,388 acre cooling reservoir have been cleared, the
100 acre railroad spur has been constructed as well as
a portion of the 700 acre water pipeline. The lignite
mine will cover about 20,771 acres of which about
10,545 acres will be impacted by mining. An average
of 2.8 tons/year will be mined for 24 years. The recon-
structed soil will consist of 6 inches of topsoil over a
mixture of the remaining soil and the near-surface
overburden. A minimum of 48 inches of cover will be
provided over unoxidized overburden, and revegeta-
tion will use approved plant species.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, "Surface rnining,
"Environmental impact statements-final, Transmission
lines, Lignite, Environmental impacts, Overburden,
Construction, Railroads, Waste disposal, Wildlife,
Vegetation, Topography, Texas, H. W. Pirkey electric
power plant, Surface Lignite Mine project, Harrison
Countyffexas).
PB83-121731 PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility Study of Granular Activated Carbon
Adsorption and On-Site Regeneration. Volume 1:
Detailed Report Final rept.,
Cincinnati Water WorKs, OH.
Richard Miller, and David J. Hartman. Oct 82,305p
EPA-600/2-82-087A
Grant EPA-CR-805443
See also Volume 2, PB83-121749.
Most research pertaining to water quality and treat-
ment methods conducted in the United States in the
last decade utilized pilot-scale components. This
project employed full-sized filters, post-filtration con-
tactors and carbon regeneration furnace at one site to
study carbon's ability to remove organics from Ohio
River Water. Various GAC bed depths and types were
studied in order to compare organic removal efficien-
cies, bed lives, general water quality characteristics,
the need of a sand underlayer and operational prob-
lems. Pilot-scale GAC components were also used to
determine the reliability of pilot columns as indicators
of the performance of full-scale components. The rela-
tive performance of lignite and bituminous-based GAC
was also studied in pilot columns. In the most impor-
tant phase of this project, the relative performance of
GAC filters to post-filtration GAC contactors was stud-
ied along with the most advantageous empty bed con-
tact time for the GAC contactors and the effectiveness
of on-site GAC regeneration. Finally, a significant
aspect of this project was the development of prelimi-
nary cost estimates for full-plant conversion to GAC.
Volume I is the detailed report.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Filtration, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Performance evaluation, Feasi-
bility, Design criteria, Pilot plants, "Granular activated
carbon treatment.
December 1983 1389
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-121749 PC E17/MF$6.25
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
FeasfeWty Study of Granular Activated Carbon
Adsorption and On-Slte Regeneration. Volume 2:
Supplemental Figures and Data. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Water Works. OH.
Richard Miller, and David J. Hartman. Oct 82,591 p
EPA-600/2-82-087B
Grant EPA-CR-805443
Includes seven sheets of 48X reduction microfiche.
See also Volume 1.PB83-121731.
Most research pertaining to water quality and treat-
ment methods conducted in the United States in the
last decade utilized pilot-scale components. This
project employed full-sized filters, post-filtration con-
tactors and carbon regeneration furnace at one site to
study carbon's ability to remove organics from Ohio
River Water. Various GAC bed depths and types were
studied in order to compare organic removal efficien-
cies, bed lives, general water quality characteristics,
the need of a sand underiayer and operational prob-
lems. Pilot-scale GAC components were also used to
determine the reliability of pilot columns as indicators
of the performance of full-scale components. The rela-
tive performance of lignite and bituminous-based GAC
was also studied in pilot columns. In the most impor-
tant phase of this project, the relative performance of
GAC filters to post-filtration GAC contactors was stud-
ied along with the most advantageous empty bed con-
tact time for the GAC contactors and the effectiveness
of on-site GAC regeneration. Finally, a significant
aspect of this project was the development of prelimi-
nary cost estimates for full-plant conversion to GAC.
Volume II includes data graphs not included in Volume
I and microfilm images of all raw data developed under
the project
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Feasibility,
Graphs(Charts). Industrial waste treatment Pilot
plants, 'Granular activated carbon treatment
PB83-122671 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Mathematical Model, SERATRA, for Sediment-
Contaminant Transport In Rivers and Its Applica-
tion to Pesttetde Transport m Four Mite and Wolf
Creeks in Iowa. Final rept Apr 78-Jan 60,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Rfchland, WA.
Y. ONshi, and S. E. Wise. Aug 82,72p EPA-600/3-82-
045
Contract EPA-68-03-2613
The sediment-contaminant transport model SERATRA
was used as an integral part of the Chemical Migration
and Risk Assessment (CMRA) Methodology, which
simulates migration and fate of a contaminant over the
land surface and in receiving streams, to assess po-
tential short- and long-term impact on aquatic biota.
SERATRA, an unsteady, two-dimensional finite ele-
ment model, consists of three submodels coupled to
include the effects of sediment-contaminant interac-
tions—a sediment transport submodel, a dissolved
contaminant transport submodel, and a paniculate
contaminant U aitsport submodel.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Pesticides, 'Water
pollution, 'Four Mite Creek, 'Wolf Creek, Two dimen-
sional flow, Particle size. Deposition, Erosion, Adsorp-
tion, Sands. Silts, day soite, Degradation,
Graphs(Charts), Iowa, 'SERATA model. Path of pollut-
ants, 'Alachkx.
PB83-122739 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
UMT** Manual for the Instream Sediment-Con-
taminant Transport Model SERATRA. Final rept
Apr 78-Jan 80,
Battade Pacific Northwest Labs., Richtond. WA.
Y. Ontehi, and S. E. Wise. May 82,195p EPA-600/3-
82-055
Contract EPA-68-03-2613
This manual guides the user in applying the sediment-
contaminant transport model SERATRA. SERATRA is
an unsteady, two-dimensional code that uses the finite
element computation method with the Galerkin weight-
ed residual technique. The model has general convec-
tkxvdiffuston equations with decay and sink/source
terms with appropriate boundary conditions. A sedi-
ment transport model, a dissolved contaminant trans-
port submodel, and a paniculate contaminant trans-
port submodel are coupled to include the effects of
sediment-contaminant interaction. SERATRA is an in-
tegral part of the Chemical Migration and Risk Assess-
ment Methodology, which predicts overland and in-
stream pesticide migration and fate to assess the po-
tential short- and long-term impacts on aquatic biota in
receiving streams.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Water pollution,
•Streams, Manuals, Mathematical models, Hydrology,
Shear stress, Thickness, Soil erosion. Sands, Clay
soils, Adsorption, Diffusion, Decomposition, Pesti-
cides, Radioactive decay, Solar radiation, Subroutines,
Computerized simulation, Environmental impacts,
Aquatic biology, 'SERATA model, Finite element
method.
PB83-122788 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fate of Priority Toxic Pollutants In PubUcry Owned
Treatment Works, Volume I. Final rept
Bums and Roe Industrial Services Corp., Paramus, NJ.
Sep 82,446p EPA-440/1-82-303-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -5832
See also PB82-263880, and Volume 2, PB83-122796.
The purpose of this study is to determine the fate of
priority toxic pollutants in publicly owned treatment
works (POTW). Influent, effluent, and sludge samples
were collected at 50 POTWs and analyzed for conven-
tional selected nonconventional, and priority toxic pol-
lutants. Volume I cotains a discussion of how the sam-
pling episodes were conducted, presents the charater-
istics of each POTW, summarizes the analytical results
and presents the results of preliminary equations of
the data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment Sampling
Tables(Data), Process charting,
Concentration(Composition), 'Publicly owned treat-
ment works, 'Path of pollutants, 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution sampling.
PB83-122796 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fate pf Priority Toxic PoUuntants In Publicly
Owned Treatment Works, Volume II. Final rept
Bums and Roe Industrial Services Corp., Paramus, NJ.
Jul 82,755p EPA-440/1-82-303-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01-5832
See also PB83-122788.
The purpose of this study is to determine the fate of
priority toxic pollutants in publicly owned treatment
works (POTW). Influent effluent and sludge samples
were collected at 50 POTWs and analyzed for conven-
tional selected nonconventional, and priority toxic pol-
lutants. Volume II contains the daily analytical results
for each of the 50 sampling episodes.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment Sampling,
Concentration(Cornposition), TabtesfData), 'Publicly
owned treatment works, 'Path of pollutants, 'Toxic
substances, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB83-124446 PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1981. Volume 3. Dolores River Basin, Green River
Basin, and San Juan Rtver Basin. Water-data rept
(Annual )1 Oct 80-30 Sept 81.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 82,450p USGS-WRD-CO-81-3, USGS/WRD/HD-
82-036
Prepared in cooperation with the State of Colorado.
See also PB82-188293.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1981 water
year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams: stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water qual-
ity of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1,2, and
3) contains discharge records for about 460 gaging
stations, stage and contents of 22 lakes and reser-
voirs, 4 partial-record low-flow stations, 30 crest-stage
partial-record stations, and 50 miscellaneous sites;
water quality for 163 gaging stations and 300 miscella-
neous sites; and water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Tabtes(Data), Stream flow. Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Dolores River, Green River, San Juan River,
•Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB83-124503 PC A18/MF A01
Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation
of Water and Wastewater. Rept. for 1978-81,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Edward L Berg. Sep 82,416p EPA-600/4-82-029
Supersedes EPA-600/4-76-049, PB-259946.
The four basic factors which affect the quality of envi-
ronmental data are Sample Collection, Preservation,
Analyses, and Data Recording. Improper action in any
one of these areas will result in poor data from which
poor judgements are certain. Therefore, this research
program was initiated to provide guidance in the first
two areas, Sample Collection and Preservation. Infor-
mation obtained from the review of the literature and
the results of a survey of field practices provides the
basis for guidance in General Sampling Techniques,
Automatic Samplers, Flow Measuring Devices, a Sta-
tistical Approach to Sampling, Preservation of Physi-
cal, Chemical, and Radiological Parameters, and Sam-
pling Procedures for Surface Waters, Ground and
Drinking Water, Municipal, Industrial, and Agriculture
Waters. Finally, this handbook is not intended to su-
persede Sampling, Preservation, or Chain of Custody
procedures specified by enforcement, compliance
monitoring, or program offices, but rather to compli-
ment their requirements.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Sampling, 'Handbooks,
Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Sites, Laboratory equipment, Potable water,
Design, Performance evaluation, 'Water pollution
sampling, 'Water pollution detection.
PB83-124552 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Environmental Fates and Impacts of Major Forest
Use Pesticides,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Redondo
Beach, CA.
Masood Ghassemi, Linda Fargo, Page Painter, Pam
Painter, and Sandra Quinlivan. Dec 81,484p EPA-68-
01-3174
In January 1980, the Special Pesticide Review Division
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office
of Pesticides and Toxic Substances initiated the
'Forest Use Chemicals Project, the objective of which
was to develop guidance for the timber production in-
dustry and the public on the comparative risks and
benefits associated with various chemical and non-
chemical approaches to pest control in timber man-
agement The report includes information on bkxtegra-
dation and persistence of various pesticides in plant
air, soil and water environments, and on their potential
hazard to non-target plants and organisms. The envi-
ronmental fate and impact data presented in this docu-
ment in combination with estimates of potential for
human exposure (e.g., due to drift from aerial applica-
tions) and animal/human toxicity data, provide the
data base for assessing potential risks associated with
the use of a specific pesticide.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental impacts, 'For-
estry, Herbicides, Insecticides, Bacillus, Viruses, Expo-
sure, Plants(Botany), Runoff, Birds, Mammals, Toxici-
ty, Soils, Fishes, Microorganisms, Decomposition, Va-
porizing, Humans, Risk, Pheromones, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB83-124669 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
A Study of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles In
Los Angeles. Final rept Aug 81-Aug 82,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA.
Robert A. Cassidy, and Linda S. Kingston. Sep 82,62p
EPA-460/3-82-005
Contract EPA-68-03-3023
One hundred fifty light duty vehicles from model years
1979 through 1981 were obtained from the public, in
the Los Angeles and Orange County areas. These ve-
hicles were tested as received, for exhaust emissions
utilizing the 1978 Federal Test Procedure, the Highway
Fuel Economy Test (HFET), and four short mode tests.
1390 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thirty-one 1981 vehicles received an evaporative
emission test using the sealed housing evaporative de-
termination (SHED) technique. Thirty of the one hun-
dred fifty vehicles received restorative maintenance
and repairs and additional testing.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Evapo-
ration, 'Light duty vehicles, Los Angeles(Calrfornia),
Orange County(CalrFomia).
PB83-124719 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Forced-Oxidation Demonstration at the TVA
Widows Creek Unit 8 FGD System. Final rept. Apr
78-NOV81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
J. G. Patterson, G. T. Munson, R. A. Runyan, J. D.
Vertch, and W. L Wells. May 82,144p TVA/OP/EDT-
82/15, EPA-600/7-82-043
The report discusses an evaluation by TVA of forced
oxidation in a 140-MW train of the Widows Creek
steam plant Unit 8 venturi-spray tower limestone FGD
system. Oxidation by air sparging in the agitated hold
tank of both the venturi and spray tower absorber con-
sistently produced over 95% oxidation at air rates of 2
Ib atoms O/lb mole SO2 absorbed (stoichiometry of 2,
or 100% excess). Oxidation only in the venturi hold
tank produced less consistent results because of car-
ryover mixing of the liquid in the two tanks. Oxidation
levels above 95% permitted dewatering to over 80%
solids using a thickener and rotary vacuum filter. The
dewatered waste was easily handled as a solid. SO2
removal and FGD system operating characteristics
were unaffected. Forced oxidation appears to be a
practical method of producing a solid waste that can
be disposed of in a landfill (as an alternative to pond
waste disposal) for the Unit 8 FGD system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Flue gas, Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Electric power plants, Sulfur dioxide, Oxida-
tion, Dewatering, 'Windows Creek Steam Plant
'Limestone scrubbing, 'Forced oxidation systems,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-124743 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Emis-
sion Control Technology Div.
A Study of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles in
San Antonio, Texas. Final rept 29 Jul 81-29 Jul 82,
EG and G Automotive Research, Inc., San Antonio,
TX.
Mark Dalen, and Maurice Forshee. Sep 82,118p EPA/
460/3-82-009
Contract EPA-68-03-3024
Three hundred 1978 through 1982 in-use light duty ve-
hicles were obtained from the public, in the San Anto-
nio, Metropolitan Area. These vehicles were tested as
received, for exhaust emissions utilizing the Federal
Test Procedure (FTP), the Highway Fuel Economy
Test (HFET), and four short mode tests. All vehicles
were subjected to a through emissions control compo-
nent inspection. Fifty vehicles which failed to meet ap-
plicable standards, received maintenance and a retest
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Fuel
consumption, Air pollution, Inspection, Maintenance,
Texas, 'Light duty vehicles, San Antonio(Texas).
PB83-124867 PC A02/MF A01
Metal Coll Surface Coating Industry - Background
Information for Promulgated Standards. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 82,22p EPA-450/3-80-035B
See also PB81-123572.
Standards of performance for the control of VOC emis-
sions from the metal coil surface coating industry are
being promulgated under Section III of the Clean Air
Act This document contains a summary of public com-
ments, EPA responses, and a discussion of differ-
ences between the proposed and promulgated stand-
ards of performance.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Industrial wastes, 'Standards,
'Coils, 'Environmental impact statements-final, Regu-
lations, Air pollution control, Environmental impacts,
*New source performance standards, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB83-124875 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
from Large Petroleum Dry Cleaners. Final rept.
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Sep 82,158p EPA-450/3-82-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
Errata sheet inserted.
This report provides the necessary guidance for devel-
opment of regulations to limit emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) from large dry cleaning plants
using petroleum solvents. This guidance includes
emission estimates, control technologies, costs, envi-
ronmental effects and enforcement for the develop-
ment of reasonable available control technology.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution control, 'Dry
cleaners, Solvents, Environmental impact, Cost analy-
sis, Technology, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Reasonably avail-
able control technology.
PB83-124941 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Surface Coating: Large Appliances -
Background Information for Promulgated Stand-
ards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 82,53p EPA-450/3-80-037B
SeealsoPB82-152174.
Standards of performance are being promulgated
under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act to control vola-
tile organic compound emissions from new, modified,
and reconstructed large appliance surface coating op-
erations. This document contains a detailed summary
of the public comments on the proposed standards (45
FR 85085), responses to these comments and a sum-
mary of the changes to the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Coat-
ings, 'Environmental impact statements-final, Regula-
tions, Economic impact, Substitutes, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Appliances, Clean Air Act.
PB83-125054 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Aldtearb Residues In Water by
Combined High Performance Liquid Chromatog-
raphy/Mass Spectrometry. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. H. Wright M. D. Jackson, and R. G. Lewis. 1982,
10pEPA-600/J-82-137
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 28, p740-747 1982.
Current gas chromtographic methods for the analysis
of aldicarb (Temik) residues involve a number of time
consuming steps including a liquid chromatographic
separation of the residues, conversions to derivatives
or common intermediates, and separate analyses of
the intermediates. Recently, methods based on re-
verse phase high performance liquid chromatograph
(LC) have reduced analytical times, but due to the lack
of a highly specific detector, extensive clean-up steps
may still be required.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Mass spectroscopy,
Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Insecticides, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Temik, High per-
formance liquid chromatography.
PB83-125062
PC A02/MF A01
Triangle
Park, NC.
Ping C. Hu, Yuan-shen Huang, Judith A. Graham, and
Donald E. Gardner. 4 Nov 81,10p EPA-600/J-82-029
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v103 n4 p1363-1370 1981.Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.-Erwironmen-
tal Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were separated
by SDS-poryacrylamide gel electrophoresis and trans-
ferred to a nitrocellulose sheet by blotting. Sera ob-
tained from infected hamsters and immunized rabbits
were then incubated with the nitrocellulose strips. Pro-
teins which are capable of eliciting antibodies were de-
tected by indirect immunoradioautography using 1251-
labeled antisera against hamster or rabbit IgG. Anti-
bodies to seven immunogens were demonstrated in
the sear of hamsters infected with M. pneumoniae by
inhalation, while many more proteins were found to be
capable of stimulating antibodies in rabbits immunized
parenterally with mycoplasmas.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Protein, Immunology, Identify-
ing, Electrophoresis, Hamsters, Rabbits, Antibodies,
Reprints, 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Blotting, 'Im-
munogens.
PB83-125989 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens GA.
Frequency Analysis of Pesticide Concentrations
for Risk Assessment (FRANCO Model). Final rept.
Apr 78-Jan 80,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A, R. Olsen, S. E. Wise, and Robert B. Ambrose. Aug
82,125p EPA-600/3-82-044
Contract EPA-68-03-2613
See also PB82-247354.
This report describes a method for statistically charac-
terizing the occurrence and duration of pesticide con-
centrations in surface waters receiving runoff from ag-
ricultural lands. The characterization bridges the gap
between simulated instream pesticide modeling and
the risk assessment information available from labora-
tory studies on aquatic biota. A computer program
FRANCO is given to complete the frequency analysis
of concentration characterization. The documentation
is part of the Chemical Migration and Risk Assessment
Methodology.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution, Risk, Com-
puter programs, Fortran, Concentration(Composition),
Mathematical models, Runoff, 'Chemical migration
and risk assessment methodology, 'FRANCO model,
FRANCO computer program.
PB83-126557 PC A06/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition, Supplement 13 (Including Supple-
ments 1-7).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 82,120p AP-42-SUPPL-13
See also Supplement 12, PB82-101213.
In this Supplement for AP-42, new or revised emis-
sions data are presented for Bituminous and Subbitu-
minous Coal Combustion; Fuel Oil Combustion; Natu-
ral Gas Combustion; Liquefied Petroleum Gas Com-
bustion; Wood Waste Combustion In Boilers; Lignite
Combustion; Stationary Large Bore Diesel and Dual
Fuel Engines; Automobile and Light Duty Truck Sur-
face Coating; Pressure Sensitive Tapes and Labels;
Metal Coil Surface Coating; Textile Fabric Printing;
Sodium Carbonate; Emulsion Styrene-Butadiene Co-
polymers; Storage Battery Production; and Metallic
Minerals Processing.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Fuels, Wood wastes, Boilers, Coal,
Coatings, Textile industry, Electric batteries, Metal in-
dustry, Styrene butadiene resins, 'Emission factors,
'Stationary sources.
PB83-126573 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methods of Analysis for By-Product PCBs-Utera-
ture Review and Preliminary Recommendations.
Interim rept no. 1, Mar-Apr 82,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Mitchell D. Erickson, and John S. Stanley. 12 Oct 82,
138p EPA-560/5-82-005
Contract EPA-68-015915
See also PB83-127696.
A review of the literature on polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) analysis and recommendations for methods to
determine by-product PCBs in commercial products
and other matrices is presented. This report was pre-
pared to assist EPA in formulating a rule regulating by-
product PCBs. The published literature on PCB analy-
December 1983 1391
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sis is critically reviewed. Several hundred references
are cited in a bibliography. The review if subdivided
into extraction, cleanup, determination, data reduction,
confirmation, screening, quality assurance, and by-
product analysis sections. The determination section
includes TLC. HPLC, QC (PGC and CGC), GC detec-
tors (ECD, FID, HECD, EIMS, and other MS) and
noncnromatographic analytical methods (NMR, IR,
electrochemistry, NAA, and RIA). Techniques applica-
ble to analysis of commercial products, air, and water
for by-product PCBs are discussed. The final section
of this report presents a recommended overall primary
analytical scheme.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, Byproducts, Gas anal-
ysis, Water analysis, Water pollution, Air pollution, Gas
chromatography, Electrochemistry, Spectrochemical
analysis, Reviews, *Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Air
pollution detection, *Water pollution detection. High
performance liquid chromatography.
PBS3-126730
see individual report for order number and
price
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Regulation* and Non-Regulatory Revisions to
State ImptementatJon Plan.
Atlantic Environmental Associates, Inc., Waltham, MA.
Oct 81,57 issues
This document has been produced in compliance with
Section 110(h) of the Clean Air Act, as amended in
1977, which mandates periodic publication of State Im-
plementation Plan (SIP) requirements. The first section
of the document comprises the Federally approved
SIP regulations. It consists of the EPA-approved State
and/or local air pollution control regulations cited by
reference in the Federal Register, regulations promul-
gated as of August 1,1981 have been included in this
document The present compilation constitutes an
update of a previous documentation of regulations as
of July 1, 1979. State and/or local air quality regula-
tions which have not been Federally approved as of
August 1,1981, are not included. However, any omis-
sions of regulations from this document in no way af-
fects the ability of the respective Federal, State, or
(oca! agencies to enforce such regulations. A summary
sheet of the regulatory revisions is provided to give a
quick historical assessment of the changes. The
second part of the document contains the text of non-
regulatoiry SIP revisions approved by EPA up to August
1, 1961, excluding notices or certifications of public
hearings and technical support data. A complete tabu-
lation of these revisions is also provided. Other individ-
ual documents are also available:
EPA-450/2-81/020. Alabama Oct 81,126pPC
A07, MFA01 PS83-126748
EPA-450/2-81 /021. Alaska Oct 81,68p PC A04,
MFA01 PB83-126755
EPA-450/2-81 /071. American Samoa. Oct 81,24p
PC A02, MF A01 PB83-126763
EPA-450/2-81 /022. Arizona Oct 81,250p PC A11,
MFA01 PB83-126771
EPA-450/2-81 /023. Arkansas. Oct 81,67p PC
A04, MF A01 PB83-126789
EPA-450/2-81 /024-03. Califomia-Butte County.
Oct81,64pPCA04,MFA01 PB83-126797
EPA-450/2-81/024-10. California-Great Basin
Unified. Oct 81,73p PC A04.MFA01 PB83-
126805
EPA-450/2-81/024-34. Califomia-Siskiyou County.
Oct81,73pPCA04,MFA01 PB83-126813
EPA-450/2-81/025. Colorado. Oct 81,151pPC
A08, MFA01 PB83-126821
EPA-450/2-81 /026. Connecticut Oct 81, p146 PC
A07, MF A01 PB83-126839
EPA-450/2-81 /027. Delaware. Oct 81,10Op PC
A05, MF A01 PB83-126847
EPA-450/2-81 /028. District of Columbia. Oct 81,
35p PC A03, MF A01 PB83-126854
EPA-450/2-81 /029. Florida Oct 81,107p PC A06,
MFA01 PB83-126862
EPA-450/2-81/030. Georgia Oct 81,108p PC
A06, MF A01 PB83-126870
EPA-450/2-81 /072. Guam. Oct 81,47p PC A03,
MFA01 PB83-126888
EPA-450/2-81 /031. Hawaii. Oct 81,41 p PC A03,
MFA01 PB83-126896
EPA-450/2-81 /032. Idaho. Oct 81,109p PC A06,
MFA01 PB83-126904
EPA-450/2-81 /033. Illinois. Oct 81,235p PC A11,
MFA01 PB83-126912
EPA-450/2-81 /034. Indiana Oct 81,80p PC A05,
MFA01 PB83-126920
EPA-450/2-81 /035. Iowa. Oct 81,69p PC A04, MF
A01 PB83-126938
EPA-450/2-81 /036. Kansas. Oct 81,122p PC A06,
MFA01 PB83-126946
EPA-450/2-81 /037. Kentucky. Oct 81,715p PC
A99, MFA01 PB83-126953
EPA-450/2-81 /038. Louisiana. Oct 81,93p PC
A05.MFA01 PB83-126961
EPA-450/2-81 /039. Maine. Oct 81,54p PC A04,
MFA01 PB83-126979
EPA-450/2-81 /040. Maryland. Oct 81,238p PC
A11.MFA01 PB83-126987
EPA-450/2-81/041. Massachusetts. Oct 81,119p
PCA06.MFA01 PB83-126995
EPA-450/2-81 /042. Michigan. Oct 81,160p PC
A08, MFA01 PB83-127001
EPA-450/2-81 /043. Minnesota. Oct 81,57p PC
A04, MFA01 PB83-127019
EPA-450/2-81 /044. Mississippi. Oct 81,70p PC
A04, MF A01 PB83-127027
EPA-450/2-81 /045. Missouri. Oct 81,319p PC
A14, MFA01 PB83-127035
EPA-450/2-81 /046. Montana. Oct 81,53p PC A04,
MFA01 PB83-127043
EPA-450/2-81 /047. Nebraska. Oct 81,94p PC
A05, MF A01 PB83-127050
EPA-450/2-81 /048. Nevada Oct 81,229p PC A11,
MFA01 PB83-127068
EPA-450/2-81 /049. New Hampshire. Oct 81,117p
PC A06, MF A01 PB83-127076
EPA-450/2-81 /050. New Jersey. Oct 81,165p PC
A08, MF A01 PB83-127084
EPA-450/2-81 /051. New Mexico. Oct 81,10Op PC
A05, MF A01 PB83-127092
EPA-450/2-81 /052. New York. Oct 81,138p PC
A07, MFA01 PB83-127100
EPA-450/2-81 /053. North Carolina. Oct 81,135p
PCA07.MFA01 PB83-127118
EPA-450/2-81/054. North Dakota. Oct81,309p
PCA14.MFA01 PB83-127126
EPA-450/2-81 /055. Ohio. Oct 81,369p PC A16,
MFA01 PB83-127134
EPA-450/2-81 /056. Oklahoma. Oct 81,124p PC
A06, MF A01 PB83-127142
EPA-450/2-81 /057. Oregon. Oct 81,327p PC A15,
MFA01 PB83-127159
EPA-450/2-81 /058. Pennsylvania Oct 81,266p
PC A12, MF A01 PB83-127167
EPA-450/2-81 /073. Puerto Rico. Oct 81,140p PC
A07, MFA01 PB83-127175
EPA-450/2-81 /059. Rhode Island. Oct 81,73p PC
A04.MFA01 PB83-127183
EPA-450/2-81 /060. South Carolina Oct 81,81 p
PC A05, MF A01 PB83-127191
EPA-450/2-81 -061. South Dakota. Oct 81,74p PC
A04, MF A01 PB83-127209
EPA-450/2-81 /062. Tennessee. Oct 81, 389p PC
A17.MFA01 PB83-127217
EPA-450/2-81 /063. Texas. Oct 81,136p PC A07,
MFA01 PB83-127225
EPA-450/2-81 /064. Utah. Oct 81,79p PC A05, MF
A01 PB83-127233
EPA-450/2-81 /065. Vermont. Oct 81,53p PC A04,
MFA01 PB83-127241
EPA-450/2-81/074. U.S. Virgin Islands. Oct 81,
30pPCA03, MF01 PB83-127258
EPA-450/2-81 /066. Virginia. Oct 81,218p PC A10,
MFA01 PB83-127266
EPA-450/2-81 /067. Washington. Oct 81,340p PC
A15, MF A01 PB83-127274
EPA-450/2-81 /068. West Virginia. Oct 81,170p PC
A08, MFA01 PB83-127282
EPA-450/2-81 /069. Wisconsin. Oct 81,151 p PC
A08, MFA01 PB83-127290
EPA-450/2-81 /070. Wyoming. Oct 81,62p PC
ACM, MF A01 P883-127308
PB83-1274BO PC A99/MF A01
Control Techniques for Paniculate Emissions
from Stationary Sources - Volume 2. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 82,670p EPA-450/3-81-005B
See also Volume 1, PB83-127498, and PB82-263799.
Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions from
Stationary Sources Volumes 1 and 2 present recent
developments of control techniques which have
become available since preparation of an earlier docu-
ment entitled Control Techniques for Particulate Air
Pollutants (AP-51). Volume 2 of this document pre-
sents available information on major sources of partic-
ulate emissions and demonstrated techniques used to
control emissions from these sources. Particulate size
data for uncontrolled and controlled sources are in-
cluded for many sources. Additionally, industrial proc-
ess fugitive emission data and fugitive emission data
are presented for some emission sources.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, *Partides, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Incinerators, Chemical
industry, Food industry, Metallurgy, Minerals, Found-
ries, Iron and steel industry, Petroleum industry, For-
estry, Lead acid batteries, Dust, 'Stationary sources,
Fugitive emissions, Open burning.
PB83-127498 PC A20/MF A01
Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions
from Stationary Sources - Volume 1. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 82,459p EPA-450/3-81-005A
See also Volume 2, PB83-127480.
Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions from
Stationary Sources Volume 1 and 2 present recent de-
velopments of control techniques which have become
available since preparation of an earlier document en-
titled Control Techniques for Particulate Air Pollutants
(AP-51). Volume 1 of this document presents available
data on characterization; sampling methods and ana-
lytical techniques-for paniculate emissions; particle be-
havior and characteristics; types of paniculate control
systems, their operating principles, design, operation,
and maintenance; costs and environmental consider-
ation of paniculate control techniques; and emerging
technologies for paniculate removal systems. A major
portion of Volume 1 presents information to quantify
paniculate removal efficiencies by paniculate size for
the differing types of paniculate removal systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, Sampling,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution control
equipment, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Technology,
'Stationary sources, Energy consumption, Fugitive
emissions.
PB83-127696 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agecny, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analytical Methods for By-Products PCBs-PreUm-
Inary Validation and Interim Methods. Interim rept
no 4, 24 Apr-31 Aug 82,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Mitchell D. Erickson, John S. Stanley, Gil Radolovich,
Kay Turman, and Karin Bauer. 11 Oct 82,244p EPA-
560/5-82-006
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
See also PB83-126573.
This document presents proposed analytical methods
for analysis of by-products PCBs in commercial prod-
ucts, product waste streams, wastewaters, and air.
The analytical method for commercial products and
product waste streams consist of a flexible approach
for extraction and cleanup of particular matrices. The
13C-labeied PCB surrogates are added as pan of a
strong quality assurance program to determine levels
of recovery. The wastewater method is based on EPA
Methods 608 and 625 with revisions to include use of
the ISC-labeled PCB surrogates. The air method is a
revision of a proposed EPA method for the collection
and analysis of PCBs in air and flue gas emissions.
Capillary or packed column gas chromatography/elec-
tron impact ionization mass spectrometry is proposed
as the primary instrumental method. Response factors
and retention times of 77 PCB congeners relative to te-
trachlorobiphenyl-d6 are presented in addition to sta-
tistical analysis to project validity of the data and ex-
trapolation of relative response factors to all 209 pos-
sible congeners. Preliminary studies using the ISC-la-
beled surrogates to validate specific cleanup proce-
dures and to analyze several commercial products and
product wastes indicate that the proposed analytical
methods are both feasible and practical.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Gas
analysis. Air pollution, Water pollution, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Air pollution detection, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Tracer techniques.
1392 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-127712 PC A22/MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1975 Annual Statistics Inducting
Summaries with Reference to Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 77,525p EPA-450/2-77-002
SeealsoPB-282212.
This report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1975. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distribution (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, state,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, total hydrocarbons, and total oxidants. Part II does
not include a section for hydrocarbon data since the
hydrocarbon standard was established as a guide for
meeting the oxidant standard and monitoring for hy-
drocarbons is not currently required.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Standards, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Cornposition), Particles, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide. Sulfur dioxide, Oxidizers, State gov-
ernment, Statistical distributions, Local government,
National government, 'Air quality data, National ambi-
ent air quality standards.
PB83-127738 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Sampling Frequency - Microbiological Drinking
Water Regulations. Final rept,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
Wesley O. Pipes, and Robert R. Christian. Sep 82,
193p EPA/570/9-82-001
Grant EPA-R-805637
The primary goal of this project was to develop a sam-
pling model which can be used to specify the sampling
frequency needed to determine compliance with the
microbiological maximum contaminant levels of the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
Two approaches to model development were used.
The emperical approach was based on fitting coMorm
data to frequency distributions. The mechanistic ap-
proach was an attempt to analyze the physical ele-
ments of the water system in order to determine if
samples from a particular location are representative
of water quality over an area and if it is more likely that
coliforms will be found in certain types of sampling lo-
cations.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Bacteria, Regulations,
Models, Sampling, Contaminants, Coliform bacteria,
Validity, Planning, Data collection. Microorganisms,
Compliance, 'Drinking water, Monitoring, 'Water pol-
lution detection.
PB83-127837 PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data Georgia, Water Year 1981.
Water-data repl (Annual) 1 Oct 80-30 Sep 81.
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
Jun 82,459p USGS/WRD/HD-81 /049, USGS-WDR-
GA-81-1
See also report for 1980, PB81-245250.Prepared in
cooperation with the State of Georgia and other Feder-
al agencies.
Water resources data for the 1981 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report
contains discharge records of 109 gaging stations;
stage for 10 gaging stations; stage and! contents for 17
lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 continuous
stations, 131 periodic stations and miscellaneous
sites; peak stage and discharge only for 106 crest-
stage partial-record stations and 4 miscellaneous
sites; measurements of discharge at 25 low-flow par-
tial-record stations and 57 miscellar.dous sites; and
water levels of 28 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Georgia,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table. Tempera-
ture, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
DischargefWater), Water levels.
PB83-128181 PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings of Symposium on Environmental As-
pects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A Sym-
posium on Coal-Based Synfuels Held In Denver,
Colorado on October 26-30,1981. Rept. for Mar 81-
Mar82,
Missouri Univ.-Rolla.
F. A. Ayer, and N. S. Jones. Sep 82, 558p* EPA-600/
9-82-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also PB83-128199 through PB83-128488 and
Volume 5, PB81-245045.
The document summarizes or contains an abstract of
each presentation made at the EPA-sponsored sym-
posium, October 26-30,1981, in Denver, CO. The sym-
posium provided a forum for the exchange of ideas
and for discussion of environmentally related informa-
tion on coal gasification and liquefaction. Process de-
velopers and users, research scientists, and govern-
ment officials reported on results achieved from re-
search projects, synfuels process development, inter-
agency programs, control technology evaluation, and
regulatory actions. The program included sessions on
environmental source test and evaluation results for
gasification, indirect liquefaction, and direct liquefac-
tion processes, and water-, air-solid-waste-, multime-
dia-, and product-related environmental consider-
ations. Approximately 215 participants attended the 5-
day symposium.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
'Meetings, Assessments, Technology, 'Coal liquefac-
tion.
PB83-128199
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Characterization of Process Liquids and Organic
Condensates from the Lurgl Coal Gasification
Plant at Kosovo, Yugoslavia,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Karl J. Bombaugh, Kenneth W. Lee, Ronald G.
Oldham, and Slobodan Kapor. Sep 82,21 p
Prepared in cooperation with Institut za Primenu Nuk-
leame Energy, Belgrade (Yugoslavia).
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p2-21 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128207
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Application of Kosovo (Lurgi) Gasification Plant
Test Results to Pollution Control Process De-
signs,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. C. Page, W. E. Corbett, and R. A. Magee. Sep 82,
19p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p23-41 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128215
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Environmental Aspects of the GKT Coal Gasifica-
tion Process,
Gesellschaft fuer Kohle-Technologie m.b.H, Essen
(Germany, F.R.).
R. E. Wetzel, K. W. Crawford, and W. C. Yee. Sep 82,
15p
Prepared in cooperation with TRW Systems and
Energy, Redondo Beach, CA. and Tennessee Valley
Authority, Chattanooga, TN.
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p42-56 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128223
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Source Test of the Texaco Gasification Process
Located at Oberhausen-Holten, West Germany,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Robert G. Wetherold, Robert M. Mann, John Morgan,
and William Yee. Sep 82,9p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p57-65 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128231
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Source Test and Evaluation of a Rlley Gas Pro-
ducer Firing North Dakota Ugnlte,
Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA.
William P. Earley, Fred L, Jones, M. R. Fuchs, and V. A.
Kolesh. Sep82,28p
Prepared in cooperation with American Natural Serv-
ice Company, Detroit, Ml. and Radian Stoker Corp.,
Worcester, MA.
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, D66-93 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128249
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Environmental Program and Plans for the EDS
Coal Liquefaction Project,
Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Florham Park,
Richard L. Thomas. Sep 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Eenviron-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p95-106 Oct 81,
No abstract available.
PB83-128256
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Sampling and Analysis of Process and Effluent
Streams from the Exxon Donor Solvent Coal Liq-
uefaction Pilot Plant,
Hirtman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
Mark Notich, and Jung Kim. Sep 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p107-123 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128264
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Hearth and Environmental Studies of H-Coal Proc-
ess,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
K. E. Cowser, J. L Epler, C. W. Gehrs, M. R. Guerin,
and J. A. Klein. Sep 82,24p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal - Based Synfuels, p 124-149 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128272
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Coal Conversion Wastewater Treatment/Reuse -
An Overview,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
F. E.Witmer. Sep 82, 20p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p150-169 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128280
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Characterization of Coal Conversion Wastewater*
Using On-Slte GC/MS,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C. J. Thielen, and R. V. Collins. Sep 82,16p
December 1983 1393
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Syrrfuels, p170-185 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-1282M
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Treatment of Wastewater from a Fixed-Bed At-
mospheric Coal Gasffler,
North Carolin
i Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
Philip C. Singer, and Eli Miller. Sep 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p186-202 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB89-12S306
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Treatment of FossH Fu*f Derived Wastewaters
with Powdwvo ActiVeitto Cwbon/ActivsUM
Zhnpro, Inc., Rothschild, Wl.
R. B. Ely, and C. L Bemdt Sep 82, 1 5p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p203-217 Oct
61'
No abstract available.
PBB3-128314
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF, A01)
Land Treatment of Coal Conversion Wastewaters,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
R. C. Sims, and M. R. Cvercash. Sep 82,13p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Enviom-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion on Coal-Based
Synfuete, p218-231 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
P683-128322
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Removal of Acid Gases and Other Contamlnantes
from Coal Gas Using Refrigerated UethanoL
Missouri Urw.-Rolla.
J. K. Ferretl, R. M. Kelly, R. W. Rousseau, and R. M.
FeWer.Sep82.24p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Syrrfuels, p232-255 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128330
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Advanced Techniques for Rue Gas DesuHuriza-
tfcm.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charles C. Masser, Theodore G. Bma, and Michael A.
Maxwell. Sep 82.26p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
merrtal Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p256-281 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128348
Health
ation P
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
and Environmental Studies of Coal Gasifi-
s Str
and Effluents,
Argonoe National Lab., IL
C. A. RaBry, Jr.. A. S. Boparai, S. Bourne, R. D. Rlotard,
and D. A. Haugen. Sep 82, 11p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p282-292 Oct
61.
No abstract available.
PB83-128355
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Gaseous Fugitive Emissions from Synfuels Pro-
duction - Sources and Controls,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. L Honerkamp. Sep 82,20p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p293-312 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128363
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Control Systems for Air Emissions from Coal Gas-
ification,
Fluor Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Irvine, CA.
Sid Thomson. Sep 82,1 Sp
Included in Proceedings Of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, 0313-327 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PM3-128371
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Health Effects Btoassay Results from Coal Con-
version Solid Wastes,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. P. Maskarinec, F. W. Larimer, J. L Epler, and C. W.
Francis. Sep 82,12p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - V): A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p329-340 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128389
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
A Comparison of RCRA Leachates of Solid
Wastes from Coal-Fired Utilities and Low- and
Medium-BTU Gasification Processes,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Michael R. Fuchs, Donnie L Heinrich, Larry J.
Holcombe, and Kishore T. Ajmera, Sep 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, D341-357 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128397
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Characterization of Solid Wastes from Indirect
Liquefaction Facilities,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gtePark,NC.
Cora A. Hunter, Kar Y. Yu, and Kimm W. Crawford. Sep
82,22p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - V): A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuets, p358-379 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128405
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Ash/Slag Residuals and Wastewater Treatment
Plant Sludges from Synfuels Facilities: Character-
izations and Implications for Disposal,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
Ronald 0. NeufekJ, Georg Keteti, J. Bern, C. Morerti,
and S. Wallach. Sep 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Synfuels, P380-399 Oct 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128413
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Comparison of Environmental Design Aspects of
Some Lurgt-Based Synfuels Plants,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Milton R. Baychok, and William J. Rhodes. Sep 82,21 p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p400-420 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128421
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Premanufacture Review of Synfuels under TSCA,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Matthew Hale, Jr., and Carl Mazza. Sep 82,17p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p423-439 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128439
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Metnanol as a Clean Major Fuel,
Spaite (Paul W.) Co., Cincinnati, OH.
Paul W. Spaite. Sep 82,26p
Included In Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, D440-465 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128447
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Methanol as an Alternative Transportation Fuel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Richard Rykowski, Dwight Atkinson, Daniel Heiser,
John McGuckin, and David Ptetcher. Sep 82,23p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p466-488 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-1284S4
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
A Compendium of Synfuel End Use Testing Pro-
grams,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Masood Ghassemi, Sandra Quinlivan, and Michael
Haro.Sep82.20p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p489-508 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128462
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF 01)
Comparative Testing of Emissions from Combus-
tion of Synthetic and Petroleum Fuels,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. Gene Tucker, and Joseph A. McSottey. Sep 82,
14p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p509-523 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128470
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Problems Associated with the Analysis of Syn-
fuels Product, Process, and Wastewater Streams,
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
H. C. Higman, D. K. Rohrbaugh, R. H. Colteton, and R.
A.Auel.Sep82,11p
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Environ-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p524-534 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
1394 Vol. 83. No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-128488
(Order as PB83-128181, PC A24/MF A01)
Solvent Extraction Processing for Coal Conver-
sion Wastewaters,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
James R. Campell, Richard G. Luthy, and Manuel J. T.
Corrondo. Sep 82,10p
Prepared in cooperation with New University of Lisbon
(Portugal).
Included in Proceedings of Symposium on Enviom-
mental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology - VI: A
Symposium on Coal-Based Synfuels, p535-544 Oct
81.
No abstract available.
PB83-128629 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Institutional Constraints and Public Acceptance
Banters to Utilization of Municipal Wastewater
and Sludge for Land Reclamation and Biomass
Production,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Patricia L. Deese, J. Raymond Miyares, and Samuel
Fogel. Jul 81,109p EPA-430/9-81-013
Prepared in cooperation with Braken and Baram,
Boston, MA., and JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington,
MA.
This study has involved an analysis of the institutional
constraints and public acceptance barriers to the de-
velopment of full scale projects utilizing sewage sludge
in land reclamation and biomass production. Public op-
position to land application projects is generally initiat-
ed by a small group with a very strong anti-project bias.
Public officials, in local government or regulatory agen-
cies, may also be opposed to a proposed project and
can frequently use their authority to impede develop-
ment Compliance with the various institutional and
regulatory requirements is a project's first line of de-
fense.
Keywords: 'Public opinion, 'Sludge disposal, "Land
reclamation, Constraints, Local government Regula-
tions, Public health, Land use, Sites, Hazardous mate-
rials, Odors, Biomass, Feasibility, State government,
Requirements, 'Land application, 'Institutional frame-
work, Ownership, Case studies.
PB83-1295S1 PC A10/MF A01
Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions
(Revised Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nov82,217p* EPA-600/6-82-003
Supersedes PB82-180001.
Coke oven workers in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
and at 10 non-Allegheny County coke plants in the
United States and Canada were found to be at an
excess risk of mortality from cancer of all sites and
from cancer of the lungs, bronchus, and trachea,
kidney, and prostate. An important finding of this study
was the dose-response found by both length of expo-
sure and intensity of exposure (top or side of the
ovens) for mortality from cancer of the lungs, bron-
chus, and trachea. A study of Japanese coke oven
workers also found them to be at an excess risk of lung
cancer mortality. British studies of cancer mortality in
coke oven workers have generally been negative, but
there were serious weaknesses in these studies.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Coal gas, 'Coking, 'Toxi-
cology, Canada, United States, Exposure, Assess-
ments, Emission, Metabolism, Mutagens,
Celts(Biotogy), Estimates. Risk, Industrial medicine, Al-
legheny County(Pennsylvania), Carcinogenesis,
Threshold limit values, 'Occupational safety and
health, Hearth risks, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-129569 PC A12/MF A01
llsatth Assessment Document for Carbon Tetre-
chkxide (Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cynthia Sonich. Mar 82,264p' EPA-600/8-82-001,
ECAO-CIN-DO15
Supersedes PB82-183468.
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
in consultation with an Agency Work Group, has pre-
pared this Health Assessment on Carbon Tetrachlo-
ride to serve as a 'Source Document' for Agency-wide
use. Originally the health assessment was developed
for use by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards, however, at the request of the Agency Work
Group on Solvents, the assessment scope was ex-
panded to address multimedia aspects. This assess-
ment will help insure consistency in the Agency's con-
sideration of the relevant scientific health data associ-
ated with carbon tetrachloride. In the development of
the assessment document, the scientific literature has
been inventoried, key studies have been evaluated
and summary/conclusions have been prepared so
that the chemical's toxicity and related characteristics
are qualitatively identified. Observed effect levels and
dose-response relationships are discussed, where ap-
propriate, so that the nature of the adverse health re-
sponses are placed in perspective with observed envi-
ronmental levels.
Keywords: 'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Toxicology, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Physical prop-
erties, Exposure, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlor-
oalkanes, Physiological effects, Public health, Haz-
ards, 'Toxic substances, Analytical methods, Maxi-
mum permissible exposure, Bioaccumulation, Pharma-
cokinetics, Carcinogenesis, Synergism, Antagonism.
PB83-129577 PC A05/MF A01
Hearth Assessment Document for 1,1,2-Trichloro-
1,2,2-Trlfluoroethane Chlorofluorocarbon-113
(CFC-113XRevised Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Richard Carchman, Mark M. Greenberg, Jeff Beaubier,
and Dagmar Cronn. Nov 82, 83p EPA-600/8-82-002
Chlorofluorocarbon 113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluor-
oethane) has little potential to cause direct adverse
health effects at levels found or expected in the gener-
al environment (<4.2 ppb). Experimental data do not
indicate adverse health effects in humans at a TLV of
1,000 ppm. At exposure levels greatly exceeding 1,000
ppm, impairment of neurological and cognitive func-
tions (humans) and detrimental cardiovascular effects
(animals) have been observed. A major concern and
uncertainty involves its role in the expected depletion
of stratospheric ozone. A decrease in the ozone level
is expected to result in an increased amount of biologi-
cally-damaging radiation at the earth's surface. The
lifetime of Chlorofluorocarbon 113 in the atmosphere is
about 86 years.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Physicochemical properties,
Production, Residues, Metabolism, Toxicity, Regula-
tions, Guidelines, Standards, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Freon 113, Toxic substances, Ethane/trich-
loro-trifluoro.
PB83-129585 PC A09/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for 1,1,1-Tricnlor-
oethane (Methyl Chloroform) (Revised Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Richard Carchman, I. W. F. Davidson, Mark M.
Greenberg, and Jean C. Parker. Nov 82,180p' EPA-
600/8-82-003
The incidence of adverse health effects at low ambient
air levels (approx. 100 ppt.) is unknown. Because
methyl chloroform accumulates in the body, long-term
exposure to even low ambient air levels might repre-
sent a healthJiazard. A no-observed-effect-leve) for
long-term occupational exposure of humans to methyl
chloroform is presently assumed to be around 53 ppm.
At exposure levels around 1,000 ppm, inhalation pro-
duces cardiovascular effects in humans that include
sensrtization of the heart to spontaneous or catechola-
mine-provoked arrhythmias and hypotension. Methyl
chloroform has been demonstrated to have mutagenic
activity in the Ames assay, with and without metabolic
activation, and in cultured mammalian cell transforma-
tion systems. However, definitive evidence that it has
carcinogenic potential has not been demonstrated in
animal bioassays. While it may have teratogenic po-
tential, limitations of the available data do not allow for
a full assessment of its effects. Because of its lipophi-
lic nature, methyl chloroform is expected to cross
membrane barriers and diffuse into the brain and milk
of nursing mothers, as well as into the fetus during
pregnancy.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chemical properties, Chlorine
organic compounds, Physical properties, Metabolism,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Teratogens, Mutagens,
Carcinogens, Toxic substances, 'Ethane/trichloro,
"Trichloroethanes, Bioaccumulation, Analytical meth-
ods.
PB83-129593 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Assessment Document for Acrylonltrile
(Revised Draft),
Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., NY.
Michael W. Neal, Dipak K. Basu, Richard H. Sugatt,
Robert S. Hsu, and Joseph Santodonato. Nov 82,
319p* SRC-TR-81-596, EPA-600/8-82-007
Contract EPA-68-02-3277
Acrylonitrile is readily absorbed in animals following in-
gestion or inhalation, while dermal absorption is poor
(1 %) compared to that of the lungs. Acrylonitrile is me-
tabolized to cyanide, which is transformed to thic-
cyanic acid and by cyanoethylation of sulfhydryl
groups to S-(2 cyanoethyl) cysteine, followed by elimi-
nation of these metabolites in the urine. Symptoms of
intoxication in humans include eye and nose irritation,
weakness, labored breathing, dizziness, impaired
judgement, cyanosis, nausea and convulsions. Similar
symptoms have been observed in animals, including
death. In experimental animals, there is considerable
species variation in susceptibility to acrylonitrile intoxi-
cation; the guinea pig is the most resistant and the dog
the most sensitive. Many of the pathological changes
observed in rats under chronic exposure conditions
are believed to be treatment related.
Keywords: 'Acrylonitriles, 'Toxicology, Nitrites, Physi-
cal properties. Chemical properties, Sampling,
Sources, Residues, Transport, Distribution, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Humans, Laboratory ani-
mals, Air quality, Analytical methods, Biological ef-
fects, Toxic substances.
PB83-129759 Not available NTIS
A Direct Measure of the Uptake Efficiency of a
Xenobiotic Chemical Across the Gills of Brook
Trout 'Salvellnus fontlnalis' under Normoxic and
Hypoxic Conditions. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
James M. McKim, and Helen M. Goeden. 1982,11p
EPA-600/J-82-246
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 72C,
n1p65-741982.
(1) An in vivo whole fish preparation was evaluated for
measuring the uptake efficiency of chemicals directly
from the water across the gills of transected brook
trout. (2) A continuous-flow system allowed a determi-
nation of the effects of environmental variables (i.e.,
dissolved oxygen) on the movement of chemicals
across the blood-water interface at the gills. (3) Endrin
uptake efficiency at two water concentrations (0.046
and 0.072 micrograms endrin/1) was 81 plus or minus
9% and 80 plus or minus 8%, respectively, indicating
no significant effect of endrin concentration on uptake
efficiency.
Keywords: 'Toxicology. Uptake, Efficiency, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, Salvelinus fontinalis, Brook trout,
Gills, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-129924 PC A02/MF A01
Information Flow in the Brain: Computer Require-
ments (A Tutorial). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vemon A. Benignus, and Keith E. Muller. 1982,9p
EPA-600/J-82-253
Pub. in Behavior Research Methods and Instrumenta-
tion, v14(2) p294-299 1982.Prepared in cooperation
with North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
This paper covers mathematical, statistical, and exper-
imental design considerations needed to design a
computer system for EEG data acquisition, spectrum,
and cross-spectrum analyses. A tutorial approach is
used in which no formal proofs are offered. Conclu-
sions are stated simply and in summary fashion, with-
out justifying arguments. References to formal works
are given. Conclusions about system design are dis-
cussed. Frequently encountered design issues are
mentioned with various alternatives.
December 1983 1395
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Etectroancepnanalograpny, 'Brain, Data
acquisition. Etectrophystotogic recording, Spectrum
analysis, Reprints, 'Data flow analysis, 'Computer ap-
plications.
PB83-129932 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park.NC.
Effect of 'hi vivo' Ozone Exposure to Dorset
Sheep, an Anbnal Model with Low Levels of Eryth-
rocyte Glucose 6 Phosphate Oehydrogetiase Ac-
tMty. Journal article.
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst Dept of Public Health.
Gary S. Moore, Edward J. Calabrese, and Elizabeth
Schutz. 1981,10p EPA-600/J-81 -594
Grant EPA-R-805797-01
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 26, p273-2801961.
Considerable interest has recently been directed to
the possible extrapulmonary effects caused by expo-
sure to ambient ozone. Studies have now demonstrat-
ed that ozone exposure may result in chromosomal
aberrations in circulating lymphocytes of Chinese ham-
stars, altered drug metabolism in mice, as well as bio-
chemical changes in red blood cell metabolism in sev-
eral animal models and humans. As a result of ozone
induced in vivo alteration of red cell function within
human subjects, Calabrese et al. (1977) hypothesized
that indbiduals with an erythrocyte glucose-6-phos-
phate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency would be at
increased hernotytic risk to elevated ambient ozone
exposure.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Exposure, In vivo
analysis. Sheep, Laboratory animals, Chromosome
abnormalities, Reprints, Oxidoreductases, Animal
models, 'Air pollution eflects
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 54, n9 pi 579-1582 1982.
The kinetics of the aqueous reactions in free chlorine
and excess ammonia were followed voUammetrically
in the range pH 3-12. The predominant chloramine
species at each pM were confirmed by UV spectrosoo-
py-
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Chlorine, •Electro-
chemistry, 'Decomposition reactions, Water pollution,
Disinfectants, Water treatment, pH, Ultraviolet spec-
troscopy, Reprints, Chloramines.
PB83-130039 Not available NTIS
Viruses In Wastewater. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
natj, OH.
Robert S. Safferman. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-82-074
Pub. in Environment International 7, p15-201982.
Viruses of animals, plants, and bacteria abound in
sewage and receiving waters. Their ecological impact
has, for the most part, gone unheeded except as it re-
lates to viruses from human sources. Viruses present
at levels infective to man have been recovered from
waters used for recreational or drinking purposes.
Their presence in a water environment virtually always
denotes prior contamination by domestic wastes. Nei-
ther conventional sewage treatment processes nor the
discharge to land or water of sludges produced by
these processes achieve full viral control. Many envi-
ronmental virologists advocate the setting of permissi-
ble virus limits for those recreational and potable
waters dominated by wastewater effluents. The initi-
ation of regulatory pressure to restrict virus discharges
into these water environments has been instituted in
Montgomery County, Maryland, and in the states of
California and Arizona.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Waste water, Microorganisms,
Surveillance, Sewage treatment, Enteroviruses, Re-
prints.
PB83-130047 Not available NTIS
An Evaluation of Three Pesticide Runoff Loading
Model*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Matthew N. Lorber, and Lee A. Mulkey. 1982,14p
EPA-600/J-81-323
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality 11, n3 p519-529,
1982.
Three nonpoint source runoff models were tested and
compared for their abilities to predict the movement of
the pesticides toxaphene and atrazine (2-chloro-4-
(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine) from a
15.6-ha watershed in the Mississippi Delta region and
a smaller watershed in the Southern Piedmont. The
three models are the Agricultural Runoff Management
(ARM), Continuous Pesticide Simulation (GPS), and
the Chemical, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural
Management Systems (CREAMS). Published data on
runoff, erosion, toxaphene, and atrazine runoff were
used to test the models.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mathematical models,
•Runoff, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Path of pollutants,
'Agricultural Runoff Management Model, 'Continuous
Pesticide Simulation Model, Toxaphene, Aatrex,
•CREAMS model.
PB83-130054 Not available NTIS
Structure-Activity Relationships In Mterobial
Transformation of Phenols. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. F. Paris, N. L Wolfe, and W. C. Steen. 1982,9p
EPA-600/J-81-358
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44,
p153-1581982.
n1
The second-order rate constants for the microbial
transformation of a series of phenols were correlated
with the physicochemical properties of the phenols.
The compounds studied were phenol, p-methyiphenol,
p-chlorophenol, p-bromophenol, p-cyanophenol, p-ni-
torphenol, p-acetylphenol, and p-metf>oxyphenol.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Transformations, 'Microorga-
nisms, Physicochemical properties, Structures, Bacte-
ria, Reprints, Pseudomonas putida.
PB83-130062 Not available NTIS
Visibility and Aerosol Composition In Houston,
Texas. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thomas G. Dzubay, Robert K. Stevens, Charles W.
Lewis, Don H. Hern, and William J. Courtney. c1982,
15DEPA-600/J-81-413
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 16, n8
p514-524 1982.
A field study was conducted in Houston, Texas to de-
termine relationships between light extinction coeffi-
cients and aerosol mass and composition.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Visibility, Field
tests, Texas, Reprints, *Houston(Texas).
PB83-130070 PC A02/MF A01
A Flow-through System for Exposure of Seagrass
to Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gerald E. Walsh, Donna L. Hansen, and Debra A.
Lawrence. 8 Dec 81,13p EPA-600/J-81-110, Contrib-
426
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 7. p1 -11 1982.
A flow-through system for exposure of seagrass to pol-
lutants is described. Sea water with dissolved atrazine
or PCP (pentachlorophenol) was pumped through a
sealed 2-liter volume glass exposure vessel that con-
tained wither whole plants or leaves of Thalassia testu-
dinum. Effects of the compounds on oxygen evolution
and uptake by leaves were measured after exposure
for 40 and 88 hrs. Rate of oxygen evolution was de-
pressed strongly after 40 hrs by 1 ppm of atrazine or
PCP. The rate of oxygen uptake was slightly de-
pressed by atrazine but strongly depressed by PCP.
Photosynthesis/respiration ratios were depressed to
less than one by 1 ppm of atrazine or PCP and by 0.5
ppm atrazine. EC50 values based upon depression of
oxygen evolution after 40 hrs exposure were: atrazine,
0.32 ppm; PCP, 0.74 ppm. The data suggest that
leaves may recover from or adapt to the presence of
either toxicant.
Keywords: 'Sea grasses, 'Toxicology, Plants(Botany),
Exposure, Oxygen, Uptake, Physiological effects, Pho-
tosynthesis, Respiration, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), Thalassia testudinum, 'Aatrex,
'Phenol/pentachloro.
PB83-130088 Not available NTIS
A Fathead Minnow 'Plmephales promelas' Early
Life Stage Toxicity Test Method Evaluation and
Exposure to Four Organic Chemicals. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. A. Benoit, F. A. Puglisi, and D. L. Olson. 1982,10p
EPA-600/J-82-245
Pub. in Environmental and Pollution 28, p189-197
1982.
A 32-day test was developed at the Environmental Re-
search Laboratory-Duluth for conducting early life
stage (ELS) toxicrty tests with fathead minnows Pime-
phales promelas. These test procedures were evaluat-
ed by using the prescribed methods to establish esti-
mated maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations
(MATC) for fathead minnows exposed to four previ-
ously untested organic chemicals. Toxic effects on
early developmental stages demonstrated that larval
growth and survival were the most sensitive indicators
of toxic stress. Embryo hatch and larval deformities at
hatch were the least sensitive indicators of toxicrty.
The estimated MATCs for fathead minnows exposed
to hexachlorobutadiene, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-
dichioropropane and 1,2-dichloroethane lie between
6.5 and 13 micrograms per litre, 6 and 11 micrograms
per litre, 8 and 16 micrograms per litre and 29 and 59
micrograms per litre, respectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Larvae, Exposure,
Fishes, Tests, Evaluation, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Fathead minnows, Pimephales pro-
melas, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-130229 PC A07/MF A01
EnvironmentaJ Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Estimates of Sulfur Oxide Emissions from the
Electric Utility Industry- Volume I: Summary and
Analysis. Final rept.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Nov82,132DEPA-600/7-82-061A
Grant EPA-CR-809461-01
See also PB83-130237. Prepared in cooperation with
E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
This report was prepared as part of the Electric Utility
Analysis Project, a research project supported by the
Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of the
report is to provide detailed information on emissions
of sulfur oxides (SOx) in the atmosphere from electric
generating plants over the period, 1976-1960. Annual
emissions estimates for all generating plants were cal-
culated using fuel use, fuel quality and plant configura-
tion data from several sources. The analysis of yearly
emissions from 1976-1980 show a gradual reduction in
emissions from the utility industry of about 7.7 percent.
The reductions are attributed to use of cleaner coals
and increased use of S02 scrubbers. Analysis also
shows that a subset of plants with high emissions ac-
count for a substantial share of industry capacity and
coal use. Approximately 10% of the plants produced
roughly 85% of the SOx emissions and account for
50% of total capacity. Volume II presents selected sta-
tistics for the 237 plants which were the largest emit-
ters of SOx during the 1976-1980 period.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Tabfes(Data),Concentration(Composition).
PB83-130237 PCA13/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Estimates of Sulfur Oxide Emissions from the
Electric Utility Industry. Volume II: Databook. Final
rept.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Nov 82, 288p EPA-600/7-82-061B
Grant EPA-CR-809461-01
See also PB83-130229. Prepared in cooperation with
E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
This report was prepared as part of the Electric Utility
Analysis Project, a research project supported by the
Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of the
report is to provide detailed information on emissions
of sulfur oxides (SOx) in the atmosphere from electric
generating plants over the period, 1976-1980. Annual
emissions estimates for all generating plants were cal-
culated using fuel use, fuel quality and plant configura-
tion data from several sources. The analysis of yearly
emissions from 1976-1980 show a gradual reduction in
emissions from the utility industry of about 7.7 percent
The reductions are attributed to use of cleaner coals
and increased use of SO2 scrubbers. Analysis also
shows that a subset of plants with high emissions ac-
count for a substantial share of industry capacity and
coal use. Approximately 10% of the plants produced
roughly 85% of the SOx emissions and account for
50% of total capacity. Volume I presents a summary of
fuel use and emissions information as well as results of
analyses of the data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electric power plants,
'Sulfur oxides, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Fuel consumption.
PB83-130245 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Assessment of Maltichemlcal Contamination: Pro-
ceedings of an International Workshop Held In
Milan, Italy on April 28-30, 1981.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1982,320p
Contract EPA-68-02-3211
Sponsored in part by Centers for Disease Control, At-
lanta, GA.
The workshop was the outgrowth of a collaborative
venture of the Committee on Response Strategies to
Unusual Chemical Hazards and a counterpart Italian
Committee to investigate the effects of area-wide
chemical contamination at Seveso, Italy. The work-
shop served as a conceptual framework for the devel-
opment and refinement of investigative approaches to
the study and prediction of the health impacts of multi-
chemical exposures. The workshop attempted to eluci-
date the analytic, environmental, and toxicologic prob-
December 1983 1397
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
terns associated with chemical mixtures, to describe
state-of-the-art investigation^ procedures, and to ad-
vance concepts and approaches for the understanding
of multichemical interactions influencing chronic risks
to human hearth. This volume contains the papers that
served as a basis for discussions at that conference.
The papers are grouped into three major categories:
Identification of Analytic Issues, Environmental Inter-
actions, and Toxicological Interactions of Mixtures in
Humans and Laboratory Animals.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Meetings, Exposure, Toxeity, Public health,
Chemical analysis, Laboratory animals. Assessments,
Sampling, State of the art
PB83-130288 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Substances Designation.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec81.1090p-in4v
Set includes PB83-130294 through PB83-130328.
No abstract available.
PB83-130294 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Substance* Designation, Volume I:
Overview and Analysis. Toxic Integration Policy
90CI8S,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Paul Bailey. Dec 81,176p EPA-560/TIIS-62-003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6038
See also Volume 2. PB83-130302.
Also available In set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
130286.
This volume, part of a four volume study, examines
EPA and other Federal agencies statutory and regula-
tory criteria for the designation of chemical sub-
stances. Volume I, a comparative analysts of the statu-
tory authorities described in Volumes II and III, focuses
on statutory purposes and goals, integration directives,
the risks to be regulated, and the factors considered
for designating and regulating chemical substances.
The designation of chemical substances for regulation,
hazard classifications and testing requirements are
compared in the last section of Volume I. Volumes II
and III review statutory provisions and regulations re-
lating to the EPA and other Federal agency designa-
tion of chemical substances. The reviews focus on the
criteria used to designate chemicals for regulation (e.g.
rote of econimic and technological factors). The re-
views specify which chemical substances are desig-
nated for regulation and each volume describe and
analyze the hazard classification systems established
and corresponding test methods required by the regu-
lations. Volume IV, the chemical designation matrix
provides a listing of the substances designated by reg-
ulation under the statues reviewed as they appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations or the Federal Regis-
ter (for proposed rules) as of January 1981.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Regulations, 'En-
vironmental surveys. Risk, Standards, Hazardous ma-
terials. National government, 'Toxic substances.
PBS3-130302 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chen** Substances Designation. Volume II:
EPA. Toxic Integration Policy series,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Paul Bafley. Dec 81,430p EPA-560/TIIS-82-004
Contract EPA-68-01 -6038
See also Volume 1, PB83-130294, and Volume 3,
PB82-130310.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
130286.
This volume, part of a four volume study, examines
EPA and other Federal agencies statutory and regula-
tory criteria for the designation of chemical sub-
stances. Volume I, a comparative analysis of the statu-
tory authorities described in Volumes II and III, focuses
on statutory purposes and goals, integration directives,
the risks to be regulated, and the factors considered
for designating and regulating chemical substances.
The desgnation of chemical substances for regulation,
hazard classifications and testing requirements are
compared in the last section of Volume I. Volumes II
and III review statutory provisions and regulations re-
lating to the EPA and other Federal agency designa-
tion of chemical substances. The reviews focus on the
criteria used to designate chemicals for regulation (e.g.
role of economic and technological factors). The re-
views specify which chemical substances are desig-
nated for regulation and each volume describe and
analyze the hazard classification systems established
and corresponding test methods required by the regu-
lations. Volume IV, the chemical designation matrix
provides a listing of the substances designated by reg-
ulation under the statues reviewed as they appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations or the Federal Regis-
ter (for proposed rules) as of January 1981.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Regulations, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Hazardous materials, National
government. Standards, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-130310 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Substance* Designation. Volume 3:
Other Federal Agencies. Toxic Integration Policy
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Paul Bailey. Dec 81,282p EPA-560/TIIS-82-005
Contract EPA-68-01-6038
See also Volume 2, PB83130302, and Volume 4,
PB83-130328.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
130286.
This volume, part of a four volume study, examines
EPA and other Federal agencies statutory and regula-
tory criteria for the designation of chemical sub-
stances. Volume I, a comparative analysis of the statu-
tory authorities described in Volumes II and III, focuses
on statutory purposes and goals, integration directives,
the risks to be regulated, and the factors considered
for designating and regulating chemical substances.
The designation of chemical substances for regulation,
hazard classifications and testing requirements are
compared in the last section of Volume I. Volumes II
and III review statutory provisions and regulations re-
lating to the EPA and other Federal agency designa-
tion of chemical substances. The reviews focus on the
criteria used to designate chemicals for regulation (e.g.
rote of economic and technological factors). The re-
views specify which chemical substances are desig-
nated for regulation and each volume describe and
analyze the hazard classification systems established
and corresponding test methods required by the regu-
lations. Volume IV, the chemical designation matrix
provides a listing of the substances designated by reg-
ulation under the statues reviewed as they appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations or the Federal Regis-
ter (for proposed rules) as of January 1981.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Regulations, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Hazardous materials. National
government. Standards, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-130328 PC A WMF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Chemical Substances Designation. Volume 4: Des-
ignation Matrix. Toxic Integration Policy series,
ICF, Inc.. Washington, DC.
Paul Bailey. Dec 81,202p EPA-560/TIIS-82-006
Contract EPA-68-01-6038
See also Volume 3, PB83-130310.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
130286.
This volume, part of a four volume study, examines
EPA and other Federal agencies statutory and regula-
tory criteria for the designation of chemical sub-
stances. Volume I, a comparative analysis of the statu-
tory authorities described in Volumes II and III, focuses
on statutory purposes and goals, integration directives,
the risks to be regulated, and the factors considered
for designating and regulating chemical substances.
The designation of chemical substances for regulation,
hazard classifications and testing requirements are
compared in the last section of Volume I. Volumes II
and III review statutory provisions and regulations re-
lating to the EPA and other Federal agency designa-
tion of chemical substances. The reviews focus on the
criteria used to designate chemicals for regulation (e.g.
rote of economic and technological factors). The re-
views specify which chemical substances are desig-
nated for regulation and each volume describe and
analyze the hazard classification systems established
and corresponding test methods required by the regu-
lations. Volume IV, the chemical designation matrix
provides a listing of the substances designated by reg-
ulation under the statues reviewed as they appear in
the Code of Federal Regulations or the Federal Regis-
ter (for proposed rules) as of January 1981.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Regulations, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Standards, National government, 'Toxic
substances.
PB83-131011 PCA99/MFA01
Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. Draft
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Sep 82,815p EPA-600/8-82-026
This document is an evaluation and assessment of sci-
entific information relative to determining the hearth
and welfare effects associated with exposure to vari-
ous concentrations of nitrogen oxides in ambient air.
The document is not intended as a complete, detailed
literature review. It does not cite every published article
relating to carbon monoxide and its effects in the envi-
ronment. The literature through 1978 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relative to criteria.
The major gaps in the current knowledge, relative to
criteria, have been identified. Though the emphasis is
on the presentation of data on health and welfare ef-
fects, other scientific data are presented and evaluat-
ed in order to provide a better understanding of the
pollutants in the environment To this end, separate
chapters concerning the properties and principles of
formation, emissions, analytical methods of measure-
ment observed ambient concentrations, the global
cycle, effects on vegetation and microorganisms,
mammalian metabolism, effects on experimental ani-
mals, and effects on humans are included.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, Carbon
monoxide, Exposure, Microorganisms,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Sampling.
'Air quality, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Ammals), Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
pollution effects(Materials).
PB83-131045 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Use of Sorbents to Reduce SO2 Emissions from
Pulverized Coal Flames under Low-NOx Condi-
tions. Progress rept. Feb-Nov 81,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Santa
Ana,CA.
P. Case, M. Heap, J. Lee, C. McKinnon, and R. Payne.
Oct 82,90p EPA-600/13-82-060
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
See also PB83-113811.
The report summarizes data obtained to date under a
contract relating to the use of dry sorbents to control
SO2 emissions from pulverized-coal-fired boilers. Ex-
perimental investigations are being carried out in paral-
lel at two scales. (1) at bench scale, a boiler simulator
furnace has been designed to identify the process pa-
rameters controlling sulfur capture by sorbent injection
(this furnace will also be used to identify potential prob-
lem areas associated with the application of the tech-
nology in the field; and (2) at pilot scale, tests have
been carried out with large (50 million Btu/hr firing rate
and above) prototype low-NOx burners with sorbent in-
jection (these tests were added to test series whose
primary function was the optimization of the burner for
flame stability and low-NOx operation). Since this is a
progress report, it is inappropriate to draw conclusions
from a study that is in its infancy. Data has been ob-
tained which show that calcium utilization efficiencies
of 25% are possible if the thermal history of the sor-
bent is controlled.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide. 'Sor-
bents, Boilers, Industrial wastes. Combustion prod-
ucts, Performance evaluation, Nitrogen oxides, Pulver-
ized fuels, Coal.
PB83-131110 PC A02/MF A01
Mobile Surgical Table with Automatic Solenoid
System for Fishery Applications, Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
1398 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. M. McKim, and R. F. Syrett. Apr 82,6p EPA-600/J-
82-247
Pub. in Progressive Rsh-Culturisl 44,2 p 75-78 1982.
A self-contained mobile surgical table for fishery appli-
cations is described in the report. An automatic sole-
noid switching system provides for controlled delivery
of anesthetic and anesthetic-free water.
Keywords: 'Operating tables, 'Fisheries, Mobile
equipment, Design, Solenoid valves, Schematic dia-
grams, Toxicology, Animal physiology, Anesthetics,
Reprints.
PB83-131128 PCA02/MFA01
Aquatic Animals as Indicators of Environmental
Exposures. Journal Article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
John A. Couch. 1982,5p EPA-600/J-82-242
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science Health A17, 4
P473-4761982.
Aquatic animals are useful as indicators of many kinds
of pollutants in the aquatic environment. The presence
of pollutants in the general environments of air, land
and water is reflected in their accumulations in and ef-
fects on aquatic organisms because the aquatic por-
tion of the biosphere is often the 'sink' for human-gen-
erated pollutants. Aquatic animals lend themselves
particularly well to the study of special phenomena,
such as carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. The use of
aquatic animals and systems adds an important di-
mension to research on those pollutants that may
affect wildlife and human health.
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Toxicology, Reprints,
'Bwindicators, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-131136 PC A02/MF A01
The Response of Rainbow Trout 'Safmo gafrdnetf
to 'Aeromonas hydrophlla After Sublethal Expo-
sures to PCB and Copper. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Virginia M. Snarski. 1982,16p EPA-600/J-82-241
Pub. in Environmental Pollution Series A 28, p219-232
1982.
Rainbow trout were continuously exposed to sublethal
PCB concentrations for 30 days and infected with Aer-
omonas hydrophila or sham-injected. Mortality of PCB-
exposed infected fish was significantly lower than con-
trol-infected fish. Survivors of the infection at all expo-
sure concentrations had elevated leucocrits and de-
creased haematocrits compared with their respective
shams. PCB-exposed sham fish had significantly
higher leucocrits at both concentrations and signifi-
cantly lower haematocrits compared with control-
shams.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Toxicology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Responses, Exposures, Reprints, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyts, Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri,
Aeromonas hydrophila.
PB83-131144 PCA02/MFA01
Short-Term Toxtetty of Five Oil s to Four Freshwa-
ter Species. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Steven F. Hedtke, and Frank A. Puglisi. 1982,7p EPA-
600/J-82-240
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, p245-430 1982.
Short-term lethality tests were conducted with five
(waste oil, No. 1 fuel oil. No. 2 fuel oil, mixed blend
sweet crude oil, LJoydminister crude oil) oils and four
freshwater species. The oils were tested as floating
layers, emulsions, and as the water-soluble fraction of
10% oil-water mixtures, in static and flow-through
tests. The organisms tested were the American flag-
fish, Jordanella floridae, the fathead minnow, Pime-
phales promelas, larvae of the wood frog, Rana sylva-
tica, and larvae of the spotted salamander, Ambys-
toma maculatum. LC50 values were quite variable de-
pending on a number of influencing factors, including
the species tested, the type of oil, differences between
batches of the same oil, the form of the oil when added
to the test system, the type of test, duration of expo-
sure, and the oil-water contact time.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Oils, Fishes, Lethal dosage,
Frogs, Salamanders, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Jordanella floridae, Pimephales pro-
melas, Rana sylvatica, Ambystoma maculatum.
PB83-131151 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Effects of Microclimate Differ-
ences on Corrosion. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fred H. Haynie. 1982,25p EPA-600/J-82-250
Pub. in Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals, ASTM STP
767, p286-3081982.
Analytical and statistical analyses of data obtained
from a contracted exposure study in St. Louis, Missou-
ri, reveal that many microclimate differences can ac-
count for observed differences in corrosion behavior
within a geographic region. Data from Mansfeld's At-
mospheric Corrosion Monitors (ACMs) were evaluated
with data from the Regional Air Monitoring System
(RAMS). Relative humidity, temperature, windspeed,
and levels of total sulfur gases as S02 and oxides of
nitrogen as N02 were found to be statistically signifi-
cant variables. Problems of covariance were avoided
by partitioning the large data set into subsets. Relative
humidity was found to be the most important but least
accurate van'able. Because it is seldom measured at
exposure sites, an equation was developed to relate
site to site relative humidity differences to temperature
differences. With average relative humidity and an-
other empirical equation, time-of-wetness can be esti-
mated. The results are in good agreement with time-of-
wetness from the ACMs.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, 'Humidity, Air pollution, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Exposure, Reprints, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB83-131169 PCA02/MFA01
Algal-Available Phosphorus In Suspended Sedi-
ments from Lower Great Lakes Tributaries. Jour-
nal article,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Joseph V. DePinto, Thomas C. Young, and Scott C.
Martin. 1981,17p EPA-600/J-81-590
Grant EPA-CR-807155-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 7, 3 p311-325
1981.
Suspended sediments collected from five tributaries to
the lower Great Lakes were chemically analyzed for
several forms of phosphorus and bioassayed under
aerobic conditions to measure the release of algal-
available phosphorus. The bioassay data for all sam-
ples, interpreted through a first-order model of avail-
able phosphorus release, showed an average of 21.8
percent of the total paniculate phosphorus ultimately
was available to Selenastrum capricomutum, and
available phosphorus was released at an average rate
of 0.154/day. Amounts of available phosphorus varied
considerably between tributaries with the Ohio tributar-
ies, showing generally greater amounts than those in
New York. The results indicate that prediction of phos-
phorus dynamics in the lower Great Lakes may be
made with greater accuracy than current models allow
by considering available phosphorus to be released
from an ultimately-available fraction of the total partic-
ulate phosphorus during residence in the water
column.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Suspended sediments,
'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, 'Water analysis,
Chemical analysis, Inorganic phosphates, Phosphorus
organic acids, Algal, Bioassay, Availability, Correlation
techniques, Reprints, 'Selenastrum capricomutum,
'Eutrophication, Tributaries.
PB83-131177 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Increased Toxldty of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout
'Salmo gairdneri' Resulting from Reduced Con-
centrations of Dissolved Oxygen. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
Robert V. Thurston, Glenn R. Phillips, and Rosemarie
C. Russo. 1981, 8p EPA-600/J-81 -587
Grants EPA-R-800861, EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
38,8p983-9881981.
The median lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous
ammonia at reduced dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concen-
trations was tested in acute toxicity tests with rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings. Fifteen 96-h flow-
through tests were conducted over the D.O. range 2.6-
8.6 mg/L, the former concentration being the lowest at
which control fish survived. There was a positive linear
correlation between LC50 (milligrams per liter un-ion-
ized ammonia) and D.O. over the entire D.O. range
tested; ammonia toxicrty increased as D.O. decreased.
Ammonia LC50 values were also computed for 12,24,
48, and 72 h; the correlation with D.O. was greater the
shorter the time period.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Toxicology, Fishes, Oxygen,
Reprints, Salmo gairdneri, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-131185 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The Aquatic Insects, with Emphasis on Trlchop-
tera, of a Colorado Stream Affected by Coal Strip-
Mine Drainage. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Steven P. Canton, and James V. Ward. 16 Feb 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-588
Grant EPA-R-803950
Pub. in The Southwestern Naturalist 25, 4 D453-460
1981 .Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Benthic sampling was conducted year-round over a 2
year period (July 1975-June 1977) on Trout Creek, a
mountain stream in northwestern Colorado, to assess
the effects of coal mine drainage on the stream insect
community. Samples were taken monthly from rubble
riffles above and below drainage from unreclaimed
mine spoils. Unexpectedly, aquatic insects exhibited
similar mean density and biomass values at each site
and accounted for at least 95% of the total benthic
standing crop above and below the mine. The number
of insect taxa was similar and diversity index values did
not vary significantly between sites. However, the
community structure of the two sites did differ. This
study points to the importance of community structure
analysis in assessing effects of changes in environ-
mental conditions in stream systems.
Keywords: "Mine waters, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
'Trout Creek, Monitoring, Insects, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Aquatic animals, Biomass,
Graphs(Charts), Colorado, Reprints, 'Trichoptera,
'Bioindicators, Mine acid drainage.
PB83-131193 PCA02/MFA01
Effect of Elevated Water Temperature on Macro-
Invertebrate Communities In Outdoor Experimen-
tal Channels. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
John W. Arthur, James A. Zischke, and Gerald L.
Erickssen. Jan 82,15p EPA-600/J-82-244
Contract EPA-68-03-2453
Pub. in Water Research 16, p1465-1477 1982.
Macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly from De-
cember 1976 to September 1977 in two 520 m long
outdoor experimental channels. One channel was
maintained at ambient seasonal Mississippi River
water temperatures and the other 10C higher. Maxi-
mum water temperature reached 31 .OC in the ambient
and 40.8C in the heated channel. Elevated tempera-
ture seasonally altered macroinvertebrate abundance
and life history in the channels. Few animals were
found in the heated channel during the period of maxi-
mum water temperature.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Temperature, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-131201 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Limestone Type and Grind on S02
Scrubber Performance. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chung-Shih Chang, J. H. Dempsey, A. J. Toprac, G. T.
Rochelle, and R. H. Borgwardt. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-
82-238
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v1 n1 p59-65 Feb 82.
Presented at AlChE Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Nov
81. Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Texas Univ. at
Austin.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The paper describes the effect of limestone type and
grind on SO2 scrubber performance. It gives results of
December 1983 1399
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
a comparison of the amount of limestone feed required
as a function of particle size, to obtain a given SO2 re-
moval efficiency and, thus, to verify the relative magni-
tude of the effect of limestone gnnd observed during
an earlier study. Experimental data were also obtained
with limestones from four different quarries ground to
similar sizes to test the geological or type effect on
limestone reactivities. It also gives results of a test of
the effectiveness of wet screen analysis as a means of
classifying limestone grinds for scrubber use. A mass-
transfer model and Courier-counter particle-size distri-
bution data were also tested as a means of defining
limestone reactivities. The cost-reduction effect of
finer limestone grinding on SO2 scrubber efficiency
was found to be considerable.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Scrubbers, 'Sulfur
dioxide, Performance evaluation, Particle size distribu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing.
PB83-131219 PC A02/MF A01
The Atflpto Add Enhanced Limestone Flue Ga*
Desurfurtzatlon Process: An Assessment Journal
article.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC
J. David Mobtey, and John C. S. Chang. 1981, 7p EPA-
600/J-81-591
Pub. in APCA Jnl., v31 m2 p1249-1253 Dec 81. Pre-
i with Acurex Corp., Research Tri-
pared in cooperation \
angle Park, NC.
The paper gives an overview of EPA's testing of the
adipic-acid-enhanced limestone flue gas desutfuriza-
tion (FGD) process. Extensive research has deter-
mined that adipic acid, used as an additive to a lime-
stone FGD system, improves system performance.
Both SO2 removal and limestone utilization can be
greatly increased by the buttering effect of adipic acid.
Successful testing m laboratory-, bench-, pilot-, proto-
type-, and full-scale systems has demonstrated the
benefits of this technology for new and retrofit applica-
tions. Although adipic acid degrades in the scrubber,
no significant operating problems or environmental im-
pacts have been identified. Economic estimates show
the adipic-acid-enhanced limestone FGD system to be
economically attractive, compared to conventional
FGD systems. In addition, further research is under-
way to decrease the cost of using additives in FGD
systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Adipic acid, •Scrub-
bers, Flue gases, Assessments, Sulfur dioxide, Indus-
trial wastes. Combustion products, Reprints, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-131227 PC A02/MF A01
Some Characteristics of Venttetton and Coughing
In the BkwgH 'Lapomte macrochris' Rafinesque.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Richard W. Carlson. 1982,24p EPA-600/ J-82-239
Pub. in Environmental Pollution Series A 29, p35-56
1982.
Simultaneous measurement of buccal water-pressure
changes verified trie presence of coughing man-
oeuvres on strip-chart recordings of bioelectric poten-
tials associated with respiratory movements and
sensed with non-contact electrodes from cannulated
WoegHls. Additional recordings, here called •etoctro-
branchtograms1 (EBGs), showed that norvcannulated
and weH-accNmated Wuegills normally display an ar-
rhythmic respiratory pattern similar to foot's breathing,
in which pauses in breathing (apnea) characteristically
alternate with groups of ventilating cycles. Three types
of Wuegffl coughing manoeuvres were identified.
Keywords: 'Fishes, Cough, Characteristics, Ventila-
tion, Reprints, 'Lepornsmacrochirus, Btuegdl.
PB83-131235 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Inference about the ED60 Using the Trimmed
Spesnnan-ICarber Procedure - A Monte Carlo In-
VQSuQfftlori. Journal article,
Montana Slate Univ., Bozeman.
Martin AVa Hamilton. 1980,22p EPA-600/ J-80-397
Grant EPA-fl-803950
Pub. in Communications in Statistics-Simulation and
Computation B9,3 p235-2S41980.
A Monte Carlo study was conducted to investigate the
estimated standard errors of the estimate and the 95
percent confidence interval estimates associated with
the trimmed Spearman-Karber (SK) estimators of the
ED50 and the logistic model maximum likelihood esti-
mator (MLE). The simulated binary response bioassay
experiments had widely spaced doses with 5,10, or 20
subjects per dose. For data following a logistic toler-
ance distribution, the trimmed SK confidence intervals
were nearly as accurate as the logistic MLE intervals.
For heavy-tailed tolerance distributions, the trimmed
SK confidence intervals were more accurate than
those based on the logistic MLE.
Keywords: * Bioassay, 'Monte Carlo method, Reprints.
PB83-131243 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth. MN.
Robust Estimates of the ED50. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Martin A. Hamilton. Jun 79,13p EPA-600/J-79-145
Grant EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Jnl. of American Statistical Association 74,
n366 0344-354 1979.
To explore the possibility that robust estimators of lo-
cation can be adapted to the problem of estimating the
EDSO in binary-response bioassay, 10 estimators are
compared. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to deter-
mine the mean squared errors (MSB) of the estima-
tors. Taking into account the MSE for a variety of sym-
metric tolerance distributions, the sensitivity of the es-
timator to an anomalous response, and the possibility
that the estimator is incalculable, the trimmed Spear-
man-Karber estimator is especially reliable. Adjusting
the response proportions before calculating the ED50
significantly reduces the MSE of the minimum logit chi-
squared estimator.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, Reprints, 'Spearman-kaiser.
PB83-132829
PC A06/MF A01
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards for Nitrogen Oxides: Assessment of Scientif-
ic and Technical Information. Staff paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 82,121 p EPA-450/5-82-002
This paper evaluates and interprets the available sci-
entific and technical information that the EPA staff be-
lieves is most relevant to the review of primary (health)
and secondary (welfare) National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) and presents
staff recommendations on alternative approaches to
revising the standards. The assessment is intended to
bridge the gap between the scientific review in the EPA
criteria document for nitrogen oxides and the judge-
ments required of the Administrator in setting ambient
air quality standards for nitrogen oxides.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, Standards,
Assessments. Reviews, Substitutes, 'National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
PB83-133017 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Health Effects of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust. Im-
pact* of Diesel Powered Light-Duty Vehicles.
Final rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1981.186p*
Contract EPA-6B-01 -5972
The report provides a careful analysis summarizing
and critically reviewing the less than satisfactory state
of information concerning the effects of diesel engine
emissions on humans. Materials moderately active as
mutagens in various assays and as carcinogens when
painted on the skins of susceptible animals have
indeed been partially purified from diesel exhausts.
However, no evidence of cara'nogenesis has been
noted in animals breathing diesel exhaust fumes cr in
eptdemiotogical studies of relatively heavily exposed
human populations. Unfortunately, almost all of the
studies are reported to have been defective in some
manner and, hence, do not permit definitive condu-
sions at this time. Nor do the limited observations con-
cerning the effects of diesel exhaust emissions on pul-
monary physiology, susceptibility to infection, etc.,
permit definitive conclusions. However, several impor-
tant, relevant studies are currently in progress. The
report offers a well constructed outline of the research
required to generate a degree of understanding more
nearly adequate to appraise the possible impact on the
public health of major transition from gasoline engines
to diesel engines in the American fleet of light-duty ve-
hicles.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Respira-
tory system, Exposure, Humans, Epidemiology, Physi-
ological effects, Laboratory animals, Mutagens, Car-
cinogens, 'Diesel engine exhaust, Mutagenesis, Car-
cinogenesis, Toxic substances, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-133058 PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Aromatic Amines: An Assessment of the Biologi-
cal and Environmental Effects. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1981,327p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4655
Aromatic amines and compounds related through me-
tabolism are used widely in industry. As a result of such
applications, they are also dispersed into the environ-
ment, thereby creating a potential for human exposure.
Four aromatic are known to lead to urinary tract cancer
in exposed humans, and some are also responsible for
the induction of methemoglobinemia. Some other
structurally similar amines are carcinogenic to one or
more tissues in laboratory animals. This report summa-
rizes the key information concerning the occurrence,
analysis, and toxicology of the aromatic amines and
then considers six specific amines in detail. The follow-
ing substances were studied: Aniline, 4,4'Methylene-
Bis (2Chloraniline), 2,4-Diaminotoluene, trifluralin, p-
Cresidine, and furazolidone. The following topics are
covered: occurrence in the environment, general anal-
ysis, metabolism, carcinogenc potency and risk esti-
mation, and epidemiology.
Keywords: 'Amines, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Toxicology, Assessments, Expo-
sure, Aniline, Pesticides, Metabolism, Carcinogens,
Risk, Epidemiology, Occurrence, Physiological effects,
'Toxic substances, Biological effects, Furazolidone,
Aniline/chloro, Toluene/diamino, Trifluralin, Anisidine/
methyl.
PB83-133066 PC AOQ/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Selected Aliphatic Amines and Related Com-
pounds: An Assessment of the Biological and En-
vironmental Effects. Final rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1981,177p'
Contract EPA-68-01 -4655
The greatest potential of aliphatic amines for the in-
duction of acute and long-term toxic effects arises
from their ability to be nitrpsated to nitrosamines that
are genotoxic with potential for mutagenicrty, terato-
genicity, and carcinogenicity, among other toxic ef-
fects. The report contains chapters on triethanola-
mine, morpholine, and 2-nitropropane. Triethanola-
mine is used in industry and in cosmetic preparations.
It is also converted by nitrosating agents to N-nitrpso-
dtethanolamine, which has been known for some time
to induce cancer in rodents. Morpholine is an industri-
ally important secondary amine that is nitrosated to N-
nitrosomorpholine, which is carcinogenic in animals. 2-
Nitropropane was selected because of its dispersion
into the environment resulting from its use in paints
and other coatings.
Keywords: 'Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 'Amines, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Toxicology, Assessments, Nitro-
so compounds, Morphotines, Epidemiology, Physio-
logical effects, Metabolism, 'Toxic substances, Bio-
logical effects, Triethanol amine, Propane/nitro.
PB83-133371 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Hydrocarbons, Por/c" *---••
DOE I "
ited Dlphenyls, and
• in Mussels and Oysters from the US. Coast -
1976-1978 - the Mussel Watch. Technical rept,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
John W. Farrington, Robert W. Risebrough, Patrick L
Parker, Alan C. Davis, and Brock de Lappe. Oct 82,
GrantEPA-R-804215
Also pub. as Woods Hole Oceanography Institution,
MA. rept no. WHOI-82-42. Prepared in cooperation
1400 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with California Univ., Bodega Bay. Bodega Marine
Lab., and Texas Univ. at Austin, Port Aransas. Marine
Science Inst. Sponsored in part by Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation, NY.
Mytilus edulis, Mytilus californianus, Crassostrea vir-
ginica and Ostrea equestris were sampled at 90 to 100
stations around the United States coastline during
each of three years -1976,1977,1978. Data for con-
centrations of PCB, DDE, total hydrocarbons, gas
chromatographically unresolved complex mixture hy-
drocarbons, and selected aromatic hydrocarbons are
presented for most of the samples.
Keywords: 'Shellfish, *Water pollution, 'Coasts,
•Water analysis, Monitoring, Mussels, Oysters, Chloro-
hydrocarbons, Concentration{Composition), Halohy-
drocarbons, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Chromatographic analysis,
Chemical analysis, Spectroscopic analysis, Gas chro-
matography, * Water pollution detection, 'Polychlori-
nated biphenyts, Biphenyl/chloro, Mytilus, *DDE in-
secticicte, Ethylene/bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro.
PB83-133488 PCA12/MFA01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Industrial Residue Management Alteratives for
Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) Pennsylvania. Final
rept. 1 Aug 75-31 Jul 77,
Environmental Quality Systems, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Edward J. Martin, and Joseph J. David, Jr. Nov 82,
254p EPA-600/2-82-096
Grant EPA-S-803550
Major generators of wastewater treatment, air pollu-
tion control and production process residues in Alle-
gheny County, Pa., were identified and contacted for
the determination of current and future amounts of res-
idues generated. Data developed through the survey
and a literature review were utilized to estimate total
residue generation by all industrial sources within the
county. Estimates for 45 categories of industrial resi-
dues are presented for 1977 and 1983. Information on
current residue reclamation, treatment and disposal
practices by industries in the county is presented. A
computer analysis of costs for transporting wastes to
several proposed central treatment facility locations
within the county was performed. Three alternatives
for management of projected residue quantities within
the county were formulated. A cost analysis of the al-
ternatives found that an environmentally acceptable
management plan for all residues generated within the
county could be implemented at a total cost compara-
ble to maintaining existing practices.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
Residues, Substitutes, Waste treatment, Sludge dis-
posal, Cost analysis, Water pollution control, Air pollu-
tion control, 'Allegheny County(Pennsytvania), 'Solid
waste management, Best technology.
PB83-133561 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Characteristics and Treatabillty of Urban Runoff
Residual*. Final rept Oct 79-Sep 81,
Marquette Univ., Milwaukee, Wl. Dept of Civil Engi-
neering.
Donald J. Carr, Anthony Geinopolos, and A. E. Zanoni.
Nov 82,96p EPA-600/2-82-094
Grant EPA-R-806785
Prepared in cooperation with Rexnord Inc., Milwaukee,
Wl.
This study was undertaken to determine the character
of urban stormwater runoff (UR) residuals as well as
handling and disposal techniques. Samples of UR re-
siduals for this study were obtained from a field-as-
sembled sedimentation basin in Racine, Wl, swirl and
helical bend solids separators in Boston, MA, and an
in-line upsized storm conduit in Lansing, Ml. The char-
acterization study included analyses for nine metals,
eight pestioidies and PCB's, solids, nutrients and or-
ganics. The treatability study included bench scale
sedimentation tests, centrifugation tests, lime stabili-
zation tests and capillary suction time tests.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Runoff, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Urban areas, Field tests, Thickening, Dewater-
ing. Sedimentation, Centrifugal filtration, Calcium
oxides. Stabilization, Separation, Rotation,
Lagoons(Ponds), Chemical analysis, Solids, Phospho-
rus, Nitrogen, Pesticides, Metals, Wisconsin, Michigan,
Massachusetts.
PB83-133918 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Erosion Potential of Reclaimed Agricultural Lands
In Perry County. Final rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
Jul 82,74p GERPDC-82-617
Grant EPA-P-005623-01
Thirteen hundred acres of land reclaimed by four coal
mining companies to row crop capability were as-
signed soil loss estimates using the Universal Soil
Loss Equation. On-site measurements were made.
Some areas were in crop production. Tables were pre-
pared to show which of nine hypothetical crop rota-
tion/tillage method combinations would bring each of
the 44 acres studied into compliance with Perry
County, Illinois erosion control standards for 1995. The
report concluded that sediment and erosion control
within tolerance limits for reclaimed soils are achieva-
ble using common, state of the art management prac-
tices.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Erosion control, 'Farms,
Land reclamation. Coal mining, Estimates,
Tables(Data), Farm crops. Cultivation, Slopes,
Grasses, Leguminous plants, Grain crops, Soil conser-
vation, Maps, Illinois, 'Soil loss, Crop rotation, Perry
County(lllinois).
PB83-134460 PC A02/MF A01
Test Method 107A (Revised) Proposed February
12, 1981; 46 FR 12188: Summary of Comments
and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Feb 82,13p EPA-450/3-82-004
SeealsoPB83-119198.
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of Method 107A in the Federal
Register. A detailed discussion of these comments
and responses is summarized in this document.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, Sampling, Re-
vision, Chemical analysis, *EPA method 107A, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB83-134718 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Measuring and Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness
of EPA Regulatory Efforts to Control Toxics-Re-
lated Health Risks. Volume I: Feasibility Study.
Final rept.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Mar 81,152p EPA-560/TIIS-82-007
Contract EPA-68-01 -6287
See also PB83-134726.
The Office of Toxics Integration of the Environmental
Protection Agency undertook this study to examine the
conceptual and practical limitations of the application
of traditional cost-effectiveness methods to multi-
media regulatory analysis and to determine the extent
to which these methods may contribute to the integra-
tion of EPA's multiple program office controls on toxic
chemicals. The goal in developing inter-media air,
land, and water cost-effectiveness analysis is to allow
comparative evaluation of the various combined alter-
natives for chemical risk reduction. The key analytical
problem in developing an integrated approach is the
difficulty of comparing the relative costs and benefits
of regulatory proposals (or existing regulations) across
media. Conventional benefit measures are usually not
feasible to support a multi-media chemical control
strategy. Benefit measures must reflect some positive
change that is closer in the chain of effects to the ulti-
mate receptors, e.g., units of exposure reduced or spe-
cific health risks reduced, than has generally been re-
flected in past regulations. The study also demon-
strates the difficulties in comparing cost data between
different Agency control programs.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Feasibility studies, Measure-
ment, Comparison, Benefit cost analysis, 'Health
risks, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB83-134726 PC A08/MF A01
Environental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Measuring and Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness
of EPA Regulatory Efforts to Control Toxics-Re-
lated Health Risks. Volume II: Cost-Effectiveness
Analysis of EPA Intermedia Priority Pollutants.
Final rept.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Mar 81,174p EPA-560/TIIS-82-008
Contract EPA-68-01-6287
SeealsoPB83-134718.
Volume II analyzes specific regulations in order to add
substance to the concepts and principles discussed in
Volume I and also to begin collection of baseline data
which will provide a frame of reference for future analy-
Kevwords: 'Regulations, Measurement Cost effec-
tiveness. Comparison, Data collection, 'Health risks,
Environmental Protection Agency.
PB83-134882 PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Glardlasis In Washington State. Final rept. Jul 78-
Apr81,
Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services,
Olympia.
Floyd Frost, Lucy Harter, Byron Plan, Karen Fukutaki,
and Bob Holman. Nov 82,91 p EPA-600/1-82-016
Grant EPA-R-805809
The objective was to determine the potential for trans-
mission of giardiasis through approved drinking water
supplies in Washington State. The project consisted of
five studies: the first was conducted during trapping
seasons (1976-1979) and resulted in examining of 656
beaver stool samples, 172 muskrat and 83 other
animal stools. Positivity for beaver was 10.8%, for
muskrat, 51.2%. No Giardia was found in other mam-
mals. The second study contacted 865 Giardia-infect-
ed Washington state residents to identify likely
sources or possible risk factors for infection. Clusters
of cases were linked to day care centers, backpacker
groups or sites for drawing water on outings and for-
eign travel. No excess cases were observed for users
of surface drinking water supplies. The third study was
a case-control study to identify risk factors for giardia-
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, 'Washington(State), 'Potable
water, Infectious diseases, Parasitic diseases, Water
pollution, Concentration(Composrtion), Protozoa, Epi-
demiology, 'Drinking water, Waterbome.
PB83-135632 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Measurement of Volatile Chemical Emissions
from Wastewater Basins. Final rept,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Louis J. Thibodeaux, David G. Parker, and Howell H.
Heck. Nov 82,60p EPA-600/2-82-095
Grant EPA-R-805534
The objective of this project was to measure the rate at
which selected volatile organic carbon (VOC) com-
pounds are being emitted to air from waste-water
treatment basins of the pulp and paper industry. The
emission rates of methanol, acetone and acetalde-
hyde were measured and the total hydrocarbon (FID)
emission was quantified. Intermediate objectives were:
develop a method of trapping, concentrating and ana-
lyzing low molecular weight volatiles in the presence of
excess water vapor; develop turbulent transport theory
using VOC concentrations and micrometeorology to
determine flux rate from aerated stabilization basins. A
unique cryogenic sampling, concentration, and detec-
tion technique was developed along with a general
protocol for flux determination called the concentra-
tion profile (CP) technique. The CP apparatus was con-
ceived, designed and used in the field for flux determi-
nations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Waste water, 'Paper indus-
try. Industrial waste treatment,
Concentration(Composition), Methyl alcohol, Acetone,
Acetaldehyde, Laboratory equipment Mathematical
models, 'Volatile organic compounds, Numerical solu-
tion.
December 1983 1401
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-135970 PC A16/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethy-
tone. Draft rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
I. W. F. Davidson, Mark M. Greenberg, and Jean C.
Parker. Jan 82,357p EPA/600/8-82-006
Supersedes PB82-183476.
Exposure to trichloroethylene is associated with neu-
rological disorders, cardiovascular effects and
damage to the liver and kidney. Liver and kidney
damage have been attributed to chronic high exposure
(> 1.000 pom). It is highly likely that the direct myocar-
dial depressent effect, which is a serious health hazard
for those with compromised or reduced cardiac re-
serve, occurs at lower exposure concentrations than
has been previously thought Although animal teratolo-
gy studies performed to date are inconclusive, trichlor-
oethylene could foe teratogenic since: (1) it is distribut-
ed in the fetus, (2) biotransfofmation into reactive me-
tabolites occurs in fetal liver, and (3) trichloroethylene
has high lipid solubility.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Industrial medicine, Exposure,
Residues, Humans, Laboratory animals, Teratogens,
Carcinogens, Physiological effects, *Ethylene/trich-
kxo, *Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Occupational
safety and health. Toxic substances.
PB83-135988 PC A13/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Tetrachloroeth-
ytene (Perchloroethylene). Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Mark M. Greenberg, and Jean C. Parker. Jan 82,276p
EPA-600/8-S2-005
Supercedes PB82-185265.
Tetraohkxoethylene (PERC) is believed to exert its ad-
verse effects upon humans via metabolism by the liver.
Concern that PERC is likely to be a human carcinogen
is based upon the evidence of the National Cancer In-
stitute bioassay, in which PERC induced a statistically
significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular
carcinomas in both sexes of B6C3F1 mice. Tetrachkx-
oetnytene has not been clearly demonstrated to cause
point mutations in bacteria, but it may be genetically
active in yeast The potential of PERC to produce ad-
verse teratogenic or reproductive effects is, at present,
undetermined. Of special concern is the observation
that PERC is preferentially concentrated in maternal
mik. Thus, nursing infants may represent a special risk
group. Both acute and chronic exposure levels have
the potential to cause liver damage in humans. In ani-
mals, the lowest observable adverse effect level is 100
ppm. However, this may not be sufficiently protective
of human health with regard to liver and kidney toxicity.
Keywords: *Tetrochkxpethylene, 'Toxicology, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Distribution, Reproduction(Bioiogy),
Regulations, Standards, Guidelines, Bacteria, Yeast
Liver, Ecosystems, Pharmacokinetics, Teratogenesis,
Mutagenesis, Caroinogenesis, Synergtsm, 'Toxic sub-
stances. Cancer.
PB83-135M6 PC A11/MF A01
Health Aiseiiment Document for DfcMorometh-
i (Ifethytene Chloride). Draft rept,
rironmental Protection Agency, Res
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
I. W. F. Davidson, John L Egte, Jr., Mark M.
Greenberg, and Jean C. Parker. Jan 82,248p EPA-
600/8-82-004
Dichkxometnane (methvtene chloride) is known to be
metabolized to carbon monoxide in man and animals,
primarily by the fiver. Because the oxygen content of
blood is decreased, depriving the brain and heart of
the oxygen they require, serious permanent damage
may result C^rboxyhemogtobin is formed from the
interaction of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin. Per-
sons exposed to levels of dichloromethane that do not
exceed the industrial standard of 500 ppm may have
blood carboxyhemoglobin levels that exceed those al-
lowable from direct exposure to carbon monoxide. The
adverse health effects associated with cSchkxometh-
ane exposure are primarily neurological and cardiovas-
cular. There is evidence that exposure can result in he-
molyljc anemia, especially among those individuals
with erythrocvtes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate de-
hydrogenase. The observed cardiotoxic properties in-
clude cardiodepression and cardiosensitization. Non-
fatal exposures have caused EKG changes similar to
those caused by carbon monoxide.
Keywords: 'Chloromethanes, 'Toxicology, Industrial
medicine. Solvents, Metabolism, Exposure, Ecology,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Ecology, Me-
tabolism, Residues, Toxic substances, Carboxyhe-
moglobin, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB83-136002 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Health Assessment Document for Toluene. Draft
rept,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment
Dipak Basu, Stephen Bosch, Joan Colman, Patrick
Durkin, and Knowlton Foote. Mar 82,440p EPA-600/
8-62-008
Contract EPA-68-02-3277
The health effect of primary concern with regard to ex-
posures of humans to toluene is dysfunction of the
central nervous system (CNS). Occupational expo-
sures in the range of 200 to 1,500 ppm have elicited
dose-related CNS alterations. Although myelotoxicrty
was previously attributed to toluene, recent evidence
indicated that toluene is not toxic to the blood or bone
marrow; myetotoxic effects are considered to have
been the result of concurrent exposure to benzene.
Available evidence is inadequate for assessing the
carcinogenic potential of toluene. Although a 24-
month inhalation exposure of rats to 300 ppm did not
produce any positive carcinogenic effects, various
design deficiencies precluded the usefulness of this
study in assessing carcinogenic potential.
Keywords: 'Toluene, 'Toxicology, Industrial medicine,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Exposure, Humans, Central
nervous system, Rats, Bioassay, Air pollution, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Risk, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Threshold limit values. Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Analytical
methods, Pharmacokinetics, Hearth risks.
PB83-136010 PC A09/MF A01
Leachabtltty and RevegetatJon of Solid Waste
from Minim. Final rept Oct 79-Nov 81,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
M. Lynn Apel. Nov 82,176p EPA-600/2-82-093
This research study was conducted to assess the ef-
fectiveness in pollution abatement of various mining
solid waste disposal strategies. Column studies were
undertaken to evaluate trie quality and quantity of
leachate generated by the disposal of a pyrite mine
waste under various soil amelioration and layering
configurations and to assess the vegetative uptake of
potentially hazardous materials from the solid waste.
Columns containing the mine waste under one to four
feet of cover soil were used to assess the capability of
the cover material in reducing leachate volume, im-
proving leachate quality, and enhancing vegetative
growth. The results of this study illustrated that the
quality of leachate resulting from the disposal of a
pyrite mine waste may be dramatically improved by in-
corporating lime, sewage sludge, and fertilizer into the
upper strata of the mine waste, layering sewage
sludge and fertilizer on top of the lime-treated mine
waste, or by covering the mine waste with a relatively
heavy layer of cover soil.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Water pollution abatement
'Land reclamation, Pyrite, Water quality, Mine waters,
Leaching, Vegetation, Neutralizing, Calcium oxides,
Fertilizers, Sludge, Soils, 'Mine aod drainage, Leach-
ate, 'Revegetatwn.
PB83-136143 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Ken- Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Optimizing Salinity Control Strategies for the
Upper Colorado Rrver Basin. Final rept,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
Robert G. Evans, Wynn R. Walker, and Gaykxd V.
Skogerboe. Jun 82,225p EPA-600/2-82-077
Grant EPA-R-806146
A simple multi-level nonlinear optimization procedure
was utilized to formulate the most cost-effective array
of salinity control strategies for the Upper Colorado
River Basin. The incremental cost-effectiveness meth-
odology qualitatively indicates the location and general
type of alternatives to be implemented in a least-cost
basin-wide salinity control program. The results also
qualitatively indicated the anticipated salt load reduc-
tion and expected annual costs of each salinity reduc-
tion increase for any preselected level of control.
Costs and salinity contributions associated with vari-
ous alternatives were generated using January, 1980
estimated conditions. Marginal cost analysis based on
current damage estimates indicate that the optimal
cost-effective salinity control program in the Upper
Basin would cost about $30 million annually and
remove about 1.2 million megagrams of salt per year.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Water pollution control, 'Colora-
do River Basin, Irrigation, Cost effectiveness, Optimi-
zation, Mathematical models, Cost analysis. Desalting,
Evaporation, Ponds, Brines, Injection wells, Canal lin-
ings, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, 'Return flow, Non-
point sources.
PB83-136333 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Development of a Carcinogen Assay System Uti-
lizing Estuarlne Fishes,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Dept.
of Biology.
B. J. Martin. Nov 82,62p EPA-600/3-82-091
The objective of this project was the development of
systems to assay the effects of chemical carcinogens
on marine teleosts. It was determined that the LC-50
for benzidine with respect to Cyprinodon variegatus
was ca. 64 ppm. Weekly contaminations of 1 ppm ben-
zidine caused some individuals to develop proliferative
liver lesions. Exposure of C. variegatus early embroyos
produced the following anomalies at concentrations of
50 ppm and above: tubed heart syndrome with dis-
tended pericardia, poor circulation, sparse distribution
of rnelanophores, inability to hatch, abnormal head
morphology, scoliosis, and faint RBC pigmentation.
Chronic exposure of a cell line from Archosargus pro-
batocephalus to benzidine and benzo(a)pyrene pro-
duced mutagenic effects. Two novel techniques were
developed to study the effects of carcinogens on C.
variegatus at the cellular level - an aseptic embryo
technique and an embryo-;primary cell culture tech-
nique. Standard immunological techniques were minia-
turized to study the immune system of C. variegatus.
Serum electrophoresis disclosed that the serum pro-
teins of benzidine-exposed fish differed from unex-
posed controls.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, De-
velopment Lethal dosage, Fishes, Estuaries, Contami-
nants, Liver, Exposure, ConcenUation(Composition),
Anomalies, Cyprinodon variegatus, Benzidines, Cell
lines, Archosargus probatocephalus, Telecosts,
'Toxic substances, Benzopyrenes.
PB83-136341 PC A07/MF A01
Community Structure, Nutrient Dynamics, and the
Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate In Aquatic Labo-
ratory Microcosms. Final rept. Nov 79-Jan 81,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. L Hall, J. A. Hamala, P. F. Hendrix, H. P. Kollig, and
J. A. Krewer. Nov 82,149p EPA-600/3-82-093
Prepared in cooperation with The Bionetics Corpora-
tion.
An investigation was conducted of the environmental
fate of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in the continuous-flow
channel microcosms housed in the USEPA's Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. The objec-
tives of the investigations were to determine (1) wheth-
er a definable stable state could be achieved, (2) the
effects of different nutrient treatments on ecosystem
structure and function and on the fate of DEP, and (3)
the degree of similarity between replicate microcosms.
Aufwuchs assemblages in the microcosms reached
fairly stable levels of btomass, metabolic activity, and
similar species composition within 2 or 3 months after
inoculation. Communities receiving direct nutrient
inputs appeared to stabilize first, followed by down-
stream communities. A highly significant relationship
between phosphorus inputs and aufwuchs chlorophyll
a was established suggesting that the relatively stable
input concentrations of inorganic nutrients into any
1402 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
given compartment were among the primary factors
controlling maximum development of aufwuchs.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, "Aquatic animals, 'Phtha-
lates, 'Biodeterioration, 'Water pollution, Model tests,
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, Inorganic
compounds, Phosphorus, Chlorophylls, Biomass, Me-
tabolism, Algae, Daphnia, Fishes, Bacteria, Abun-
dance, Biological productivity, Hydrolysis,
Graphs(Charts), *Phthalic acid/(diethyl-ester), 'Micro-
cosms, 'Ecosystems, Nitrification.
PB83-136390 PC A03/MF A01
Surface Coating of Metal Furniture - Background
Information for Promulgated Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning-and Standards.
Oct 82,50p EPA-450/3-80-007B
See also PB81-113938.
Standards of performance are being promulgated
under Section III of the Clean Air Act to control volatile
organic compound (VOC) emissions for new, modified,
and reconstructed metal furniture manufacturing
plants. This document contains a detailed summary of
the public comments on the proposed standards (45
FR 79390), responses to these comments, and a sum-
mary of the changes to the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Furniture, 'Standards, 'Organ-
ic compounds, 'Environmental impact statement-final,
Air pollution control equipment, Regulations, Revi-
sions, Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB83-136408 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Solid Waste Management Plan: Millard County,
Utah - A Technical Assistance Panels Program
Report. Rnal rept.,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
T. Barnes, D. Campbell, S. Orzynski, and M.
Stanwcod. Aug 82,216p EPA-908/6-82-008
Contract EPA-68-01-6008
Millard County, Utah is expected to experience a 60 to
140% increase in population by 1987 due to the con-
struction of a 3,000 MW coal-fired power plant and im-
pacts of the proposed MX missile system. The rural,
agricultural County lacks an organized solid waste col-
lection and disposal system and has a large number of
uncontrolled disposal sites. This report analyzes 5 col-
lection and disposal options and a recommended plan
is developed. All options reduce the environmental
and public health and safety problems associated with
the County's open dumps, establish a higher level of
service for residents, and provide the flexibility re-
quired to accomodate the anticipated population
growth and fluctuations. The recommended plan in-
cludes greenbox collection for compactable wastes
and roll-off containers for bulky wastes. Financing and
management options available are outlined with rec-
ommendations for the optimal techniques. A solid
waste ordinance which can be utilized as a model to
the County is presented.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, 'Population growth, Utah, Earth fills, Sites, Sub-
stitutes, Water pollution, Cost analysis, 'Solid waste
management 'Sanitary landfills, Millard County(Utah),
EPA region 8.
PB83-136556 PC A03/MF A01
Emission Effects of Inspection and Maintenance
at Cold Temperatures. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Tom Darlington. Nov 82,35p EPA-AA-IMS-81-24
This report discusses the potential effectiveness of In-
spection and Maintenance (I/M) programs at reducing
carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from vehicles oper-
ated at cold temperatures. Four vehicles were deliber-
ately maladjusted and tuned up to simulate the effects
of an Inspection and Maintenance program on vehi-
cles needing emission-related repairs. The results indi-
cate that reductions in carbon monoxide emissions oc-
curred when vehicles with maladjusted idle mixture
and disconnected choke assist were tuned up. Inas-
much as this test program was limited to four vehicles,
the conclusions should be viewed as preliminary. How-
ever the results indicate that Inspection and Mainte-
nance has the potential for reducing carbon monoxide
emissions from in-use vehicles operated at tempera-
tures below 75F.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, In-
spection, Maintenance, Cold weather tests.
PB83-137372 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NM.
Plutonium Burdens In People Living Around the
Rocky Flats Plant Final rept. 1976-79,
Colorado Univ. Health Sciences Center, Denver.
John C. Cobb, B. Charles Eversole, Philip G. Archer,
Roxanna Taggart, and Deward W. Efurd. Nov 82,256p
EPA-600/4-82-069
Contract EPA-68-03-2217
Prepared in cooperation with Los Alamos National
Lab., NM.
A study was conducted to determine whether the tis-
sues of people who lived near to or downwind from the
Rocky Flats nuclear weapons facility in Colorado con-
tained more plutonium than the tissues from people
who lived farther away. Information was collected on
the age, sex, smoking history, residence history, pres-
ence of disease, and plutonium level in selected tis-
sues from individuals autopsied in various Eastern Col-
orado hospitals. The 236, 238, 239 and 240 isotopes
of plutonium were determined. Plutonium levels in lung
and liver tissues were affected by age and smoking
history more than by distance from the Rocky Flats
Plant Though the measured 240/239 isotope ratio in-
dicated a small contribution from Rocky Flats, the total
amount of plutonium in the samples was no different
than in similar samples collected from other areas of
the U.S.
Keywords: 'Health physics, 'Plutonium, 'Nuclear ex-
plosion effects, Tissues(Biology), Age, Sex, Smoking,
Lung, Liver, Colorado, Nuclear weapons, Rocky
Flats(Colorado), 'Bioaccumuation, Environmental
health.
PB83-137380 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Photovoltaic Energy Systems: Environmental
Concerns and Control Technology Needs,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Paul D. Moskowitz, Paige Perry, and Israel Wilenrtz.
Nov 82, 71 p EPA-600/7-82-066
Technical and commercial readiness for alternate pho-
tovoltaic energy systems, and waste streams from
three different photovoltaic systems are examined.
This analysis suggests that some uncontrolled waste
streams could be declared toxic or hazardous under
various provisions of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and
Resource and Conservation Recovery Acts. Although
some processes could emit large quantities of pollut-
ants, these can be controlled using available technolo-
gy. Other processes may emit small quantities of more
toxic pollutants which will probably not be directly con-
trolled unless significant health hazards are identified.
Environmental problems in installation and operation
are probably associated with large central-station ap-
plications; no significant effects are expected from
small decentralized applications. Decommissioning of
broken or degraded photovoltaic systems will gener-
ate large quantities of solid waste which can be simply
disposed of in a landfill or perhaps recycled.
Keywords: 'Solar cells, 'Photovoltaic cells, 'Environ-
mental impacts, Production, Industrial wastes, Toxicrty,
Pollution, 'Pollution control. Silicon solar cells, Cadmi-
um sulfide solar cells, Occupational safety and health.
PB83-137398 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Analysis of Volatile Hazardous Substances by
GC/MS. Journal article,
West Coast Technical Service, Inc., Cerritos, CA.
Niel E. Spingam, O. J. Northington, and Thomas
Pressley. Jun 82,5p EPA-600/J-82-259
Contract EPA-68-03-2697
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science 20, p286-288
1982.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has proposed methods for analysis of volatile
organic priority pollutants by gas chromatogrphy/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) using purge-and-trap tech-
niques. The authors have evaluated 15 additional com-
pounds which appear on the Hazardous Substance
List and determined that these volatile organics are
suitable for analysis by the proposed methods. For the
most of the compounds evaluated, detection limits are
less than 10 ppb. Recovery and precision measure-
ments demonstrate that the method provides semi-
quantitative analysis for these volatile hazardous sub-
stances.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Gas analysis, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Chemical analy-
sis. Air pollution, Reprints, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-137414 PC A02/MF A01
Modifications to MOBILE2 Which Were Used by
EPA to Response to Congressional Inquiries on
the Clean Air Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
May 82,21 p EPA-AA-IMS-82-2
See also PB81-205619.
This report contains the modifications to MOBILES
(Mobile source emissions model) which were used by
the Environmental Protection Agency to response to
Congressional inquiries regarding the impacts of
changes in motor vehicle emissions. The modifications
represent EPA's revised estimates of emissions from
certain vehicle classes, (i.e., heavy-duty, light-duty...)
under current statutory standards, as well as expected
differences in administratively determined standards
from those assumed in the original version of
MOBILE2. (PB81-205619).
Keywords: 'Air pollutipn, 'Mathematical models, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Revisions, Regulations, Motor vehi-
cles, Tables(Data), Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, 'Mobile source emissions model, 'Emission
factors, Clean Air Act.
PB83-137901 PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Rebuttable Presumption against Regis-
tration. Plperonyl Butoxide Decision Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Sep 81,37p EPA-540/9-82-016
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration
(RPAR) of products containing the above chernical.
The responses by EPA to comments on the prelimi-
nary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel
and the United States Department of Agriculture are
contained in the document. A bibliography of citations
used in this final determination is also provided.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Exposure, Toxicrty, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Oxygen organic compounds, 'Rebut-
table Presumption Against Registration, 'Piperonyl bu-
toxide, Ether/butylcarbityl-propylpiperonyl.
PB83-138073 PC A02/MF A01
The Effects of Gasohol on I/M Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
R. Bruce Michael. Nov 81.8p EPA-AA-IMS-81-22
This report discusses the effect of gasohol (10% etha-
nol and 90% gasoline) on 212 vehicles from the Port-
land and Vancouver area. The vehicles tested were
1976 and 1978 model years representing an emission
technology which would comprise the majority of vehi-
cles tested in most Inspection and Maintenance (I/M)
programs. The vehicles were tested on the Four-Mode
Idle Test with gasohol and unleaded gasoline. The re-
sults indicate that gasohol does not appear to be a sig-
nificant problem for Inspection and Maintenance pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, In-
spection, Maintenance, Automotive fuels, Gasoline,
'Gasohol, Motor vehicles(1976 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1978 models), Portland(Oregon),
Vancouver(Washington), Unleaded gasoline.
December 1983 1403
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-138214
PC A08/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis Data Requirements
for Registering Pesticides under the Federal In-
secticide, Fungicide and RodentJckle Act Final
rapt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
ArroW LAspelin, Gary LBallard, Donald E.
Eckereman, Mark Glaze, and Roger Holtorf. Aug 82,
163p EPA-540/9-82-013
Cost and benefits were evaluated for analyses of five
alternative approaches to meeting society's raed for
information of the health and environmental effects of
pesticide chemicals. The analysis was conducted in
connection with rule-making on EPA pre-market data
requirements for registration of new pesticides and re-
registration of existing pesticides. The approaches
varied in terms of government intervention from indus-
try to self-certification to strict comprehensive data re-
quirements without waivers. This report was prepared
to meet the requirements for analyses specified m Ex-
ecutive Order 12291, the Regulatory FtextoUity Act and
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodentkxte
Act Pesticide registration explicitly accepts a trade-off
of risks and benefits. A regulatory approach of specify-
ing types of data necessary to support registrations
white allowing flexfeHity in designing protocols was
judged to offer the greatest level of net benefits and
em achieve the necessary level of protection of
human health and environments.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Benefit cost
analysis, Substitutes, Costanarysis, Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and RodentickJe Act
PB83-138560 PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Operation and Maintenance Considerations for
Land Treatment Systems, Final rept
Weston (Roy F j. Inc., West Chester, PA.
Jan 82,352p EPA-600/2-82-039
Contract EPA-€8-03-2775
See also PB-299 655.
The objective of this study was to focus on strategies
and problems associated with the operation and main-
tenance of the three major types of land application
systems, i.e., slow rate, rapid infiltration, and overland
flow. In addition, the effect of various methods and
levels of pretreatment prior to land application were
28 la
studted. 28 land
United States were
sites throughout the
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Irrigation, Municipali-
ties, Reid tests, Permeabiltiy, Fluid filtration, Flow rate,
Maintenance, Operating costs. Design, Sites, Layout
Mississippi. CajSomia, 'Land application. Overland
flow, 'Sewage inflation.
PB83-138602 PC A18
RalYart Notoe MeawremeMMteAppMidbB to
BvMKQFOund DoctMiMiit for Propotto ftovtoton to
Ral Sinter Noise Emission Regulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Feb 79.413o EPA-550/9-79-207B
See also PB82-137563.Portions of this document are
notfuBytegtote.
In order to document the noise exposure in the vicinity
of a variety of ral yards, noise measurements were ob-
tained at each of the yards. The measurements were
conducted over a period of one to two days at each of
three locations at each yard. Measurement locations
were selected so that the noise of rail yard activities
would dominate the noise enwonment at one or more
of the locations for each yard. The remaining locations
were selected where the noise of mainline operations,
and/or the noise of ottei noise sources within the
community combines with the noise of rail yard activi-
ties; the noise measurements at these locations pro-
vide information on the difficulty of segregating the
noise of ral yard activities from other noise sources at
a community measurement location.
Keywords: 'Railroads, 'Noise pollution, 'Acoustic
measurement. Urban areas, Railroad cars. Locomo-
tives. Sound level meters, Regulations, 'Noise
sources, 'Ralyards, 'Sound levels.
PB83-138636 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Quality Criteria for Water Reuse. Final rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Aug 82,153p* ISBN-0-309-03326-8
Contract EPA-68-01-3169, Contract DACW31-76-C-
0069
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-61430. Spon-
sored in part by Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report concludes that there is a critical need to
evaluate reused water chemically, microbtologically,
and lexicologically, and that the most practical way to
make judgments about the potential health hazards of
reused water is to compare it with conventional sup-
plies with risks, if any, that are presumed to be accept-
able. The initial comparisons of conventional with
reused water should be done on the basis of identifia-
ble individual compounds and microbiological orga-
nisms. The results of these tests would determine the
need to proceed with additional testing and would indi-
cate whether or not the reused water was 'as safe as'
a generally accepted conventional supply.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Waste water reuse,
'Water quality, 'Sewage treatment Tests, Chemical
analysis. Microbiology, Toxicology, Evaluation, In vitro
analysis. Comparison, Viruses, Bacteria, Organic com-
pounds. Inorganic compounds, Metals, Toxicity, Risk,
Trace elements. Comparison, Standards, 'Drinking
water, Reverse osmosis.
PB83-138818 PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard, Blfenox
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
15 Jut 82,92p EPA-540/RS-82-007
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the above
chemical including how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
marizes of data requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the Standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Bibliographies,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Modown, Benzole
a(^/(dk*tioropheroxy)-methyl-nitro.
PB83-139378 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Simulated Precipitation Reference Materials, IV,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington. DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
W. F. Koch. G. Marinenko, and J. W. Stob. Jun 82,22p
NBSIR-82-2581
Sponsored in part by Environmental Research Center,
Research Triangle Park, NC.See also Part 2, PB-
273945.
This report describes work performed at the National
Bureau of Standards under the sponsorship of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency to es-
tablish the composition of a fourth series of reference
materials intended to be used for the interealibration of
precipitation measurement stations, to evaluate the
stability of the first three series of reference materials,
to evaluate current methodologies for pH and acidity
measurements, and to make recommendations to im-
prove future reference materials and measurement
protocols.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Rain, 'Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, PreciptetiorKMeteorotogy), Acidity,
pH, Metals, 'Reference materials.
PB83-139493 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Engineering Design Manual for Solid Waste Stoa
Reduction Equipment Final rept.
Cat Recovery Systems, Inc., Richmond, CA.
G. M. Savage, D. J. Lafrenz, D. B. Jones, and J. C.
Glaub. Nov82,171p EPA-600/8-82-028
Contract EPA-68-03-2972
The design manual provides a collection and an inter-
pretation of information and data that may be used by
the solid waste industry for the purpose of designing
size reduction equipment for processing municipal
solid waste. Inasmuch as the manual is intended for all
those involved with solid waste processing, equipment
design is addressed in a broad sense from a number of
different viewpoints in order to accommodate the
needs of the diverse audience. Among the topics dis-
cussed in detail in the manual are the following: 1)
basic principles and governing parameters; 2) types of
refuse size reduction equipment; 3) operation and per-
formance characteristics; 4) performance evaluation;
5) costs; 6) maintenance; 7) safety; and 8) equipment
selection and specification. The design manual also
serves as a reference work on size reduction for the in-
dustry in that the majority of work published in the field
of solid waste size reduction has been compiled and
referenced in one volume.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Sewage,
Design criteria, Equipment, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, Safety.
PB83-139535 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Development of a Tunable Zeeman Spectrometer
for Analysis of Toxic Organic Compounds. Final
rept May80-Oct81,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
T. Hadeishi, R. Mclaughlin, J. Millaud, and Donald R.
Scott Nov 82,62p EPA-600/4-82-067
Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
This program was undertaken to investigate the appli-
cation of a new high resolution ultraviolet-visible ab-
sorption technique called tunable atomic line molecu-
lar spectroscopy (TALMS) to the detection of a variety
of volatile organic molecules of concern to the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. During the first phase of
the study a prototype instrument was built and tested
to demonstrate the detection of both small (i.e., less
than four atoms) and complex molecules. During the
second phase a more compact instrument was con-
structed for delivery to EPA, Research Triangle Park,
NC before January, 1982. This second instrument was
optimized for the detection of the more complex or-
ganic molecules benzene and chlorobenzene.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution.
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Zeeman
effect, 'Tunable atomic line molecular spectroscopy,
'Air pollution detection, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-139725
PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Textile Mills Industry. Final
rept,
Development Banning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
Donald J. Wissman, Richard E. Seltzer, and Arthur C.
Barker. Aug 82,468p* EPA^*40/2-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -4632
The US Environmental Protection Agency issued efflu-
ent guidelines and limitations for the Textile Mills In-
dustry in September 1982. This report estimates the
economic impact of pollution control costs in terms of
price changes, effects on profitability, potential plant
closures, unemployment and other secondary effects.
A model plant approach is used to assess these im-
pacts for nine subcategories, which are based on size
of plant and type of textile process.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Water pollution econom-
ics, 'Economic impact. Water pollution standards, Fi-
nancing, Technology, Employment Shutdowns, Prof-
its, Cost estimates, Tables(Data), Industrial shut-
downs.
PB83-139733 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Potential VOC Screening Instru-
ments. Final rept Dec 80-Mar 82,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Kenneth T. Menzies, and R. E. Fasano. Nov 82,96p C-
82-480-03, EPA-600/7-82-063
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
The report describes the evaluation of potential fugi-
tive source emission screening instruments for analy-
sis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An initial
1404 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
review of available portable VOC detection instru-
ments indicated that detectors operating on several
principles (i.e., flame ionization, catalytic combustion,
photoionization, infrared absorption, and thermal con-
ductivity) might be useful for yOC analysis. However,
flame ionization and catalytic combustion devices
evaluated previously showed poor sensitivity for highly
substituted aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds.
Instruments utilizing photoionization and infrared may
be able to meet necessary criteria for practical and ac-
curate VOC analysis of highly substituted organics.
Therefore, three commercially available instruments
(i.e., HMD PI-101, AID 580, and Foxboro Miran 80)
were modified and evaluated for 32 such compounds
in concentrations of 100-10,000 ppmv. Results show
that photoionization may be suitable for general VOC
screening, but a reliable instrument/dilution system
does not exist. Infrared absorptioh will apparently not
provide suitable general VOC screening, but may be
useful for analyzing some classes of organic com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Gas detectors. Portable equipment, Sam-
pling, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Photoioniza-
tion, Infrared spectroscopy, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Stationary sources, *Air pollution sampling,
Fugitive emissions, Flame ionization detectors.
PB83-139758 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Metabolism Summaries of Selected Halogenated
Organic Compounds In Human and Environmental
Media - A Literature Survey, Second Update. Rept.
for 1978-80,
Tracer JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Verna L Halpin, Daniel E. Meyer, and Eugene W.
Lowe, Jr. Nov 82,111 p EPA-560/7-82-003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6021
See also PB81 -232811.
This report updates available data from 1976 -1980 on
23 halogenated hydrocarbons (HHC's) identified as
environmental pollutants and potential health hazards,
including two chemicals not covered in the earlier re-
ports. Included is information on the uptake and reten-
tion of the compounds, their subsequent distribution
and elimination patterns, the identification and ob-
served concentrations of metabolites, and the meta-
bolic pathways involved. This report includes, as an
appendix, a tabular summary of the experimental data
reported.
Keywords: 'Metabolism, 'Halohydrocarbons, Hazard-
ous materials, Distribution, Uptake,
Concentration(Composition), Physiology, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Literature surveys, Metabolites, Bioaccumu-
lation.
PB83-139766 PC A04/MF A01
Draft EPA Recommended Practice for Naming I/M
Calibration Gas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Thomas L. Darlington. Sep 81,61 p EPA-AA-IMS-81-16
This report explains how calibration gases will be used
in Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs, and
identifies the problems states may have in obtaining
accurate gases. A Recommended Analysis Practice
for gas manufacturers to use when naming I/M calibra-
tion gases is presented. States are encouraged to pro-
cure gases named according to this Recommended
Practice for their own use, and to require licensed in-
spection stations to procure them to ensure that they
are obtaining accurate calibration gases which meet
the terms of the Emission Performance Warranty (207
(b)), and to improve the general quality of their Inspec-
tion and Maintenance programs.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Ver-
ification inspection, 'Calibrating, Gas analysis, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Regulations, 'Calibration gases.
PB83-140079 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Pesticide Protection: A Training Manual for Health
Personnel,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
John E. Davies. Mar 77,56p EPA-540/9-82-015
This manual is for all health personnel involved in the
prevention, recognition, and treatment of pesticide poi-
soning. However, the information should be of particu-
lar interest to nurses especially those working in rural
clinics, hospital emergency rooms, and departments of
public health. This book deals mainly with two major
types of pesticide illness: acute systemic poisoning
and topical (local) effects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, 'Manu-
als, Epidemiology, Poisonings, Education, Exposure,
Prevention, 'Toxic substances, Training programs, In-
structional materials.
PB83-140111 PCA02/MFA01
Effect of Low Cost Repairs on I/M Failed Vehi-
cles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
R. Bruce Michael. Sep 81,18p EPA-AA-IMS-81-19
This report discusses the effect on automobile exhaust
emissions of specific quick and low cost maintenance
repairs which differ from automobile manufacturer
specifications. Repairs centered on a simple carburet-
or adjustment to a universal target idle carbon monox-
ide (CO) level of 0.2% for 1976 and 1978 model year
vehicles which initially failed a state Inspection and
Maintenance (I/M) test. Also included in this report is a
description of the test program, a description of the
test vehicles, and the types of repairs needed to pass
the I/M test, the Federal Test Procedure Emissions
test and the idle emissions and fuel economy test.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Maintenance, Inspection, Performance
evaluation, Motor vehicles(1976 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1978 models).
PB83-140129 PC A03/MF A01
A Brief Summary of the Technical Feasibility,
Emissions, and Fuel Economy of Pure Methanol
Engines,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jeff Alson. Dec 81,29p EPA-AA-SDSB-82-1
In the last decade considerable research has been un-
dertaken to evaluate methanol as an automotive fuel.
This report attempts to summarize the physical and
chemical properties of methanol, the comparison of
such properties to those of gasoline and diesel fuels,
the technical feasibility of methanol combustion in cyl-
inder fuel-injected and cylinder fuel-inducted engines,
and the exhaust emissions from methanol-fueled
motor vehicles. In conclusion this report summarizes
the fuel efficiency results of various studies of metha-
nol-fueled vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Methyl alcohol, 'Fuel
consumption, Diesel engines, Fuel injectors, Spark ig-
nition engines. Combustion, Exhaust gases, Exhaust
emissions, 'Fuel induction engines, Air pollution
abatement.
PB83-140145 PC A05/MF A01
Interim Report on the Status of the In-House Par-
tlculate Trap Study. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Larry C. Landman. Feb 82,93p EPA/AA/CTAB/TA/
82-5
This interim report summarizes the results (through
January 21, 1982) of an on-going, in-house study
whose purpose was to evaluate the low mileage per-
formance of diesel exhaust particulate traps. This pro-
gram has, through 1981, tested 15 particulate traps
using three production vehicles. Most of these traps
were successful in producing significant reductions in
total particulate emissions. It is important to note that
the program is concerned only with the performance of
particulate traps at low mileage; hence, no durability
data were generated.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust gases, Filters, Particles, Traps,
•Particulate traps.
PB83-140251 PC A06/MF A01
Guideline for Use of City-Specific EKMA In Pre-
paring Ozone SIPs. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
G. L. Gipson, W. P. Freas, R. F. Kelly, and E. L. Meyer.
Mar 81,114p EPA-450/4-80-027
Supersedes PB81 -118739.
Report describes how to use the city-specific EKMA
model as a means for estimating emission control re-
quirements needed to demonstrate attainment of the
ozone NAAQS in 1982 SIP'S. Topics addressed in-
clude (a) use of air quality, meteorological and emis-
sions measurements or estimates for generating
ozone, isopleth diagrams; (b) application of the ozone
isopleth diagrams in estimating controls needed to
attain the ozone NAAQS at each monitoring site; and
(c) estimation of the city-wide control requirement for
use in the SIP.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution control, 'Guidelines,
Concentration(Composition), Nomographs, Monitor-
ing, Organic compounds, Nitrogen oxides, 'Empirical
kinetic modeling approach, 'Air quality, 'National Am-
bient Air Quality Standards, State Implementation
Plans, Implementation air pollution planning program.
PB83-140434 PC A08/MF A01
Brfenox (Methyl-5-(2,4-Dlchlorophenoxy)-2-Nltro-
benzoate); Pesticide Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun8l,155p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Contents:
How to register under a registration standard;
Regulatory position;
Data requirements and data gaps;
Product chemistry,
Environmental fate;
Toxicology;
Residue chemistry;
Ecological effects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemical properties, Environmental sur-
veys, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, Chlorine organic
compounds, 'Modown, Benzole acid/(dichlorophen-
oxy)-methyl-retro, Path of pollutants.
PB83-140665 PC A02/MF A01
A Simple, Rapid Bioassay for Detecting Effects of
Pollutants on Bacteria. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
N. J. Bauer, Ramon J. Seidler, and M. D. Knittel. 1981,
7p EPA-600/J-81-598
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Microbiology. Pub. in Bulletin of Envi-
ronmental Contamination and Toxicology 27, p577-
5821981.
Since approximately 90% of hazardous wastes reach
soil and water for permanent disposal, it is logical that
microflora (bacteria) contained in these environments
be used to establish initial toxicity levels. Bacteria can
be suitable bioassay tools because they are inexpen-
sive to cultivate, grow rapidly and have physiological
and enzymatic processes also found in higher orga-
nisms. A screening bioassay needs to be accurate, in-
expensive, rapid, and sensitive. The bioassay de-
scribed in this study meets these criteria and utilizes
bacteria as the toxicity predictor. The basis of the test
involves measuring the kinetics of dissolved oxygen
depletion by a mixed microbial population following ex-
posure to a pollutant and allows results to be obtained
in as little as 40 min.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Bacteria, 'Toxicology, Detec-
tion, Hazardous materials, Soils, Water, Reprints.
PB83-140673 PC A02/MF A01
Ufe Cycle of the Freshwater Snail 'Campeloma
dedsum' (VMparidae) In the Laboratory. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Marc J. Imlay, John W. Arthur, Barbara J. Halligan, and
John H. Steinmetz. 1981,7p EPA-600/J-81-597
Prepared in cooperation with Columbia National Fish-
eries Research Lab., MO. Pub. in The Nautilus 95(2),
D84-881981.
December 1983 1405
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Campeloma decisum reared in Minnesota Lake Supe-
rior water grew consistently well when dam meat or
commercial fish food was provided and a substrate of
sand or mud was present Food alone, or the substrate
alone, was generally ineffective in promoting growth.
Thick substrates were more effective than trun sub-
strates, Campeloma decisum tested in Missouri hard
well water grew equally well with or without a sub-
strate. A population of newborn snails from the St
Croix River, Wisconsin was reared throught three gen-
erations in 42 months on a diet of clam meat and trout
chow with St Croix River mud substrate. Survival of
the original snails to 41 months was 80%.
Keywords: 'Life cycles, 'Snails, Fresh water, Growth,
Substrates, Diets, Lake Superior, Saint Croix River,
Survival, Wisconsin, Reprints, "Campekxna decisum.
PB83-140681 PC A03/MF A01
Modeling of Ptiytoplankton-Nutrtont Dynamics hi
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. J. Biemian, Jr., and D. M. Dolan. 1981,33p EPA-
600/J-81-596
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 7(4), p409-439
1981.
A multi-class, phytoplankton simulation model was de-
veloped and calibrated to an extensive set of field data
acquired on Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during 1974.
Phytoplankton btomass was partitioned into five func-
tional groups. Process level analyses were conducted
with the calibratred model to determine the relative im-
portance of various factors affecting phytoplankton
and nutrient dynamics. Results indicated that tempera-
ture and light were relatively more growth rate limiting
than nutrients on an annual average basis. Phyto-
plankton production was found to be extremely sensi-
tive to variations in the light extinction coefficient in the
water column, and relatively insensitive to variations in
incident solar radiation.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Phytoplankton, 'Saginaw Bay,
Mathematical mmodete, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sili-
con, Growth, Temperature, Solar radiation. Biological
productivity. Lake Huron, Reprints.
PB83-140699 PC A02/MF A01
Temperature* and Currents In a Stratified Lake: A
Two-Dimensional Analysis. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse tie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Juan Heinrich, Wilbert Uck, and John Paul. 1981,14p
EPA-600/J-81-595
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson,
and California Univ., Santa Barbara. Pub. in Jnl. of
Great Lakes Research 7(3), p264-2751981.
Two-dknenskxial, time-dependent numerical models
are used to predict the temperatures and currents in a
stratified lake. In this study, (1) essential features of
the observed distributions of temperatures and cur-
rents in large, stratified lakes, especially Lake Erie, are
reproduced, (2) the effects of various governing pa-
rameters such as heat flux to the water, wind stresses,
and turbulence are examined, and (3) the effects of
changes in various parameters appearing in the turbu-
lent eddy coefficients are investigated. The emphasis
is on the general characteristics of thermocfine forma-
tion, maintenance, and decay and therefore the time
scales of interest are weeks and months rather than
hours or even days.
Keywords: 'Water currents, 'Stratification, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Lake Erie, Mathematical models, Heat trans-
fer. Wind pressure. Turbulent diffusion. Convection,
Thermodines, Reprints.
PS83-140707 PC A02/MF ADI
liee and Misuse of ttM Terms Watershed and
Stream Order. Journal article,
CorvaHfe Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
Robert M. Hughes, and James M. Omen*. 1981, 9p
EPA-600/J-61-599
Pub. in American Fisheries Society, Warmwater
Streams Symposium 1981, p320-326.
There are several problems with appications of the
terms "watershed' and 'stream order.' Those problems
are discussed within the context of a national water-
shed/stream classification we befeve necessary for
the rational management and scientific study of
streams. Although topographic watersheds can be ac-
curately defined in most of the United States, in about
40 percent of the country it is not possible for climatic
and geomorphic reasons. Hence, watersheds are not
always suitable or ideal units for research and man-
agement The authors suggest using mean annual dis-
charge, watershed area, and mean annual discharge
range instead of stream order. Those terms provide a
more meaningful characterization of key physical prop-
erties and biological capacities of streams.
Keywords: 'Streams, 'Watersheds, classifications,
Terminology, Stream flow, Maps, Reprints,
DischargefStreams).
PB83-140715 PC A02/MF A01
Saturator System for Generating Toxic Water So-
lutions for Aquatic Bloassays. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Gary L Phipps, Gary W. Hoteombe, and James T.
Randt 1982,4p EPA-600/ J-82-254
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist 44(2), p115-116
1982.
An improved saturation apparatus for continuously
generating large volumes of water solutions of hydro-
phobic compounds for conducting aquatic bioassays is
described. Closed 19 L stainless steel soda carbona-
tion vessels replace the open glass vessels commonly
used. The apparatus has been used successfully with
liquid, semi-liquid and solid compounds and has deliv-
ered up to 200 ml/min of toxicant ladened water to a
test system. The modular design of this saturator
makes the flow capacity almost infinite by simply con-
necting another vessel in line.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment 'Water, Bioassay,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Saturators.
PB83-140723 PC A02/MF A01
Stationary Source NOx Control Technology Over-
view. Symposium paper,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Frank T. Princfotta 1982,11 p EPA-600/D-82-350
Presented at U.S./Dutch International Symposium on
Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides. 5/24-28/82, in Maas-
tricht The Netherlands.
The paper gives an overview of stationary source NOx
control technology. Fuel combustion is the major
source of NOx emissions in populated areas. In the
U.S., stationary combustion sources account for 53%
of the NOx produced by human activity; industrial non-
combustion sources produce about 2%. The rest is
produced by mobile sources. Stationary source emis-
sions can be controlled by modifying the combustion
process or by post-combustion treatment Convention-
al combustion modification can reduce NOx by up to
50%; advanced techniques have the potential for over
80% reduction. Post-combustion treatment can
achieve up to 90% control; however, costs may be
substantially higher than those for combustion modifi-
cation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides.
Technology, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Revisions, 'Stationary sources.
PB83-140731 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
ENAMAP-1A Lt
flnement of Transformation and Deposition Mech-
Long
•ransfi
Term Air PoHutton Model: Re-
SRI International, Mento Park, CA.
Roy M. EndNch, Chandrakant M. Bhumralkar, Richard
Brodzinsky, Kenneth C. Nitz, and Bruce K. Cantrell.
1982,21 p EPA-600/D-82-351
Contract EPA-68-02-3424
This paper is concerned with the long-range transport
of air pollution over eastern North America Using
standard weather reports and several SOx emission
data inventories, the ENAMAP model computes the
airborne concentrations of SO2 and SO4 and their
deposition on the earth's surface. The newest version
of the model (ENAMAP-1B) includes the influences of
smoothed terrain on the winds and divides the atmos-
pheric boundary layer into three parts. This treatment
allows pollution emissions to be divided among layers.
The model has been used to compute monthly aver-
age values of concentration and deposition for Janu-
ary and August 1977. Comparisons with air quality
measurements show that calculated SO2 concentra-
tions are reasonably accurate, but SO4 concentrations
are generally too high. Further tuning of the model is
required to optimize its performance. A version of the
model applicable to NOx emissions is currently being
tested.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Suffur oxides, Concentration(Composition), Transport
properties, Diffusion coefficients, Sampling, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB83-140749 PC A02/MF A01
Observations and Modeling of NOx In an Urban
Area,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Shreffler. 1982,12p EPA-600/D-82-352
Presented at U.S.-Dutch International Symposium on
NOx, Maastricht, The Netherlands, May 24-28,1982.
Data from the Regional Air Pollution Study are sur-
veyed to delineate the experience with NO and NO2
concentrations in St Louis, a metropolitan area in the
central United States. Two-year time series are pro-
duced for the daily maximum 1 -h average in the moni-
toring network and the 24-h average of central urban
sites. Various aspects of the data are displayed graphi-
cally including the time and location of the maximum,
the distribution of concentration, and the relation of
high concentrations to meteorological factors. A stag-
nation episode is examined in detail, and predictions of
an air quality model are compared with measured
levels of O3, NO, NO2, and CO.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Urban areas, Assess-
ments, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO),
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Mathematical
models, 'Air quality, 'Regional Air Pollution Study,
Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB83-140756 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Cnlorpyrifos on FleM- and Laboratory-
Developed Estuarlne Benthic Communities. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
M. E. Tagatz, N. R. Gregory, and G. R. Plaia. 1982,13p
EPA-600/J-82-151
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
10,p411-421 1982.
Macrobenthic animal communities, developed in sand-
filled aquaria in the laboratory and in the field, were ex-
posed to various concentrations of the insecticide,
chkxpyrifos, and effects on community structure as-
sessed. Laboratory communities were continuously
exposed to the toxicant for eight weeks during coloni-
zation by planktonic larvae in unfiltered Santa Rosa
Sound, FL, seawater. Field communities developed for
eight weeks in aquaria placed in Santa Rosa Sound
and then removed to the laboratory for exposure to
chkxpyrifos for one week.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Benthos, Santa Rosa
Sound, Estuaries, Reprints, Chtorpyrifos, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances.
PB83-140764 PC A02/MF A01
Application of Multimedia Exposure Assessment
to Drinking Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Kenneth F. Hedden, Lee A. Mulkey, and William A.
Tucker. 1982,15p EPA-600/ J-82-169
Prepared in cooperation with Little (Arthur D.), Inc.,
Cambridge, MA. Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment 2(1 and 2), p57-69 1982.
A potentially important exposure route for humans is
the ingestion of chemicals via drinking water. If com-
prehensive exposure assessments are to be complet-
ed for either existing or proposed new chemicals and
cost effective control strategies develop, then a quan-
titative understanding of multimedia transport and fate
of specific chemical pollutants must be achieved.
Mathematical models provide a powerful framework
into which quantitative relationships may be placed to
provide guidance in reaching water quality goals. Exist-
ing, state-of-the-art media-specific toxic organic trans-
port and fate models for atmospheric (DiDOT), land
surface (NPS) and surface water processes (EXAMS)
and potable water treatment (WTP) have been linked
1406 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such an ap-
proach. Limited application and sensitivity testing of
this linked modeling system has shown that the impact
of various source loadings and control strategies on
drinking water can be estimated.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water pollution, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, Humans, Water quality, Mathematical
models, Exposure, Assessments, Reprints, Drinking
water.
PB83-140772 PC A02/MF A01
Interpretation of the Carclnogenlcity of Amoslte
Asbestos and Ferroactlnolite on the Basis of Re-
tained Fiber Dose and Characteristics In Vivo.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Philip M. Cook, Lalita D. Palekar, and David L. Coffin.
1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-243
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Pub. in Toxicology Let-
ters 13, p151-1581982.
Rats were exposed to amosite asbestos and ferroac-
tinolite fibers by intrapleural inoculation and intratra-
cheal instillation. The ferroactinolite sample was found
to be more carcinogenic in both exposures than the
amosite sample on the basis of total fiber dose or fiber
dose expressed for any size category of hypothetical
greatest carcinogenic potency. Quantitative transmis-
sion electron microscope analysis of low-temperature
ashed whole lung samples collected at different times
following intratracheal instillation of fibers demonstrat-
ed that concentrations and sizes of fibers retained in
rat lungs were greatly influenced by the relative ability
of each mineral to undergo longitudinal splitting as a
consequence of dissolution in vivo. Ferroactinolite
fibers rapidly split to produce many thin fibers so that
the number of ferroactinolite fibers retained in the lung
2 years after intratracheal instillation was four times
greater than the number of fibers originally instilled.
The number of short, thin ferroactinolite fibers retained
(10-fold more than amosite) after in vivo splitting best
explains the greater lung carcinogenicity of ferroactin-
olite compared to amosite.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Fibers, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Malignant neoplasms, Reprints, 'Carcinogene-
sis, * Ferroactinolite, 'Air pollution effects(Animals),
Cancer.
PB83-140780 PC A02/MF A01
Susceptibility of Steelhead Trout 'Salmo gairdneri'
Richardson to Redmouth Infection 'Yersinia nick-
erf Following Exposure to Copper. Journal article,
Corvalfe Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. D. Knittel. 1981,10p EPA-600/J-81-600
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Diseases 4, p33^01981.
Steelhead trout were exposed to sublethal concentra-
tions of copper and inoculated with Yersinia ruckeri.
Copper exposure at 7 and 10 micrograms/1 for 96 h
caused more fish to die of infection than control fish
(no copper). Infection susceptibility increased with
time of exposure to a single dosage of copper (10 mi-
crograms/1), reaching a maximum at 48 h. Lowering
the copper concentration to 5 micrograms/1 caused
the infection susceptibility to occur at 24 h. The infec-
tious dose of Y. ruckeri was tower in fish exposed to 10
micrograms/1 copper for 48 h than control fish.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Fishes,
Concentration(Composition), Bacteria,
Susceptibilrty(Physiology), Reprints, Heavy metals,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Salmo gairdneri,
Yersinia ruckeri.
PB83-140798 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Effect of NontonizJng Radiation on the Purkinje
CeHs of the Uvula In Squirrel Monkey Cerebellum.
Journal article,
George Washington Univ. Medical Center, Washing-
ton, DC.
E N. Albert, M. F. Sherif, and N. J. Papadopoulos.
1981, 8p EPA-600/J-81 -601
Contract EPA-68-02-3257
Pub. in Bioetectromagnetics 2, p241 -2461981.
Pregnant squirrel monkeys were exposed to 2450-
MHz (CW) microwaves at an equivalent power density
of 10 mW/sq. cm. for three hours daily in a cavity-cage
module. The exposure began when pregnancy was de-
termined by a hormonal method, and continued
through the offspring's first 9.5 months. After irradia-
tion, the brains of the offspring were fixed with formal-
dehyde, and the inferior vermis of each cerebella was
removed and processed for histologic observations.
Purkinje cell density in the uvula was determined in
sagittal serial sections. There was no significant differ-
ence between control and experimental animals in the
number of Purkinje cells per mm of Purkinje cell line
(linear density), as well as in the density of Purkinje
cells in the Purkinje cell layer.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Cerebel-
lum, Pregnancy, Reprints, 'Nonionizing radiation, Pur-
kinje cells.
PB83-140806 PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Fish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L Spehar, G. M. Christensen, C. Curtis, A. E.
Lemke, and T. J. Norberg. 1982,48p EPA-600/J-82-
248
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
54(6), 0877-922 1982. See also PB-271768.
A review of the 1981 world literature was conducted on
the effects of pollution on freshwater fish. This review
contained 353 references and included papers on
water quality such as dissolved gases and pH; chemi-
cal pollutants such as insecticides, herbicides, pisci-
cides and anesthetics; inorganics, organics and indus-
trial and municipal effluents including chlorine and
wastewater and pulp and paper. Papers from reviews
and synposis and those dealing with physical factors
were also included. Within the above sections, papers
were organized into general articles, surveys, toxicol-
ogy, bioaccumulation, physiology and behavior.
Keywords: 'Fishes, Fresh water fishes, Water quality,
Surveys, Behavior, Physiological effects, Reprints,
'Water pollution erfects(Animals), Literature surveys,
'Toxic substances, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-140814 PC A02/MF A01
Advanced Combustion Modification. Symposium
paper,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
G.Blair Martin. 1982,18pEPA-600/D-82-349
Presented at International Symposium on Pollution
Control Problems Caused by NOx, 5/24-28/82, Maas-
tricht, The Netherlands.
The paper describes recent developments of ad-
vanced combustion techniques for control of NOx
and/or SOx for coal-, oil-, and gas-fired systems. Sta-
tionary combustion sources, particularly those fired
with coal and oil, are major sources of NOx and SOx
emissions. The commercially available combustion
modification technology is relatively low cost; howev-
er, it gives a limited degree of control. Advanced com-
bustion modification techniques are being developed
which have the potential for greater NOx control effec-
tiveness. The development of new or improved com-
bustion systems is based on an understanding of the
basic processes of NOx formation and control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Sulfur oxides, Technology, Revisions, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Stationary sources.
PB83-140822 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Effects of Exposure to Peroxyacetyl Nitrate on
Susceptibility to Acute and Chronic Bacterial In-
fection. Journal article,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, IL
Gail B. Thomas, James D. Fenters, R. Ehrtteh, and D.
E. Gardner. 1981,18p EPA-600/J-S1 -603
Contract EPA-68-02-1273
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8,
p559-5741981.
A significant increase in mortality due to acute respira-
tory pneumonia caused by inhalation of Streptococcus
pyogenes aerosol was seen after a single 3-h expo-
sure of mice to 14.8-28.4 mg/cu.m. peroxyacetyl ni-
trate (PAN). The excess mortality ranged from 8 to
39% and the decrease in survival time from 2.4 to 7.9
d. A single exposure to 25.0 mg/cu.m. PAN resulted in
a significant increase in total number of cells lavaged
from the lungs but somewhat decreased levels of ATP
in alveolar macrophages. PAN did not produce any
marked changes in a chronic respiratory infection in
mice as measured by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
lung tilers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Bacterial diseases, Aero-
sols, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Susceptibility(Physiology), Mice, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, 'Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Streptococcus pyo-
genes, Photochemical oxidants.
PB83-140630 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Lethality of Copper, Cadmium, and Zinc to
Northern Squawfish. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
James D. Andros, and Ronald R. Garton. 1980,6p
EPA-600/J-80-398
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
109, p235-238 1980.Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
Flow-through acute toxicity tests on juvenile northern
squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) were conduct-
ed with copper, cadmium, and zinc. The 96-hour
median lethal concentrations were 18 micrograms/
liter for copper, 1,104 micrograms/liter for cadmium,
and 3,693 micrograms/liter for zinc in 12 C water.
These values, when compared to those for Chinook
salmon and Steelhead parr tested under similar condi-
tions, show that the northern squawfish are more toler-
ant than the two satmonids to zinc and cadmium but
equally sensitive to copper.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Cadmium, 'Zinc, 'Toxicology,
Lethal dosage, Fishes, Reprints, Ptychocheilus ore-
gonensis, Heavy metals, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-140848 PC A02/MF A01
The Phosphorus-Chlorophyll 'a' Relationship In
Periphytic Communities In a Controlled Ecosys-
tem. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Joseph A. Krewer, and Harvey W. Holm. 1982, 6p
EPA-600/J-81-324
Prepared in cooperation with Bionetics Corp., Hamp-
ton, VA. Pub. in Hydrobioiogia 94(2), p173-1761982.
The correlation between toral dissolved phosphorus
input concentrations and periphytic chlorophyll a con-
centrations was examined after a four-week coloniza-
tion period on artificial substrates in large, continuous-
flow microcosms. A significant correlation was estab-
lished; the data produced a linear regression and sub-
stantiated a recently proposed curvilinear regression
analysis. The curvilinear equation can be used in future
microcosm studies as a predictive aid for regulating
phosphorus input concentrations.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Chlorophylls,
Concentration(Cornposition), Regression analysis,
Phytoplankton, Reprints, Ecosystems.
PB83-140855 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Selected Environmental Pollutants and
Other Chemicals on the Activity of Urease ('In
vitro'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Diane L Olson, and Glenn M. Christensen. 1982,9p
EPA-600/J-82-255
Pub in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 28, p439-445 1982.
Urease was treated in vitro with 93 chemicals of varv
ous chemical classes in order to study inhibitory ef-
fects.
Keywords: 'Urease, 'Toxicology, Inhibitors, In vitro
analysis, Enzymes, Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-140863 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Large (0.9 micrometer) Sulfuric Acid
Aerosols on Human Pulmonary Function. Journal
article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst. of Environmental
Stress.
December 1983 1407
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
S. M. Horvath, L J. Folinsbee, and J. F. Bedi. 1982,
10p EPA-600/J-82-256
Grant EPA-R-804853
Pub. in Environmental Research 28, p123-1301982.
The effects of surfuric acid particle concentration
(mass/volume) and ambient temperatures on pulmo-
nary function of young male nonsmokers were exam-
ined. Subjects (n=11) thrice repeated a sequence of
20-min exercise (ventilation approximately 30 liters/
mm) and 20-min sitting rest Pre-and postexposure pul-
monary function tests (forced vital capacity maneu-
vers, lung volumes, maximum voluntary ventilation,
Raw, TGV, and helium-oxygen FVC) were measured.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Toxicology, Respiratory
system, Humans, Concentratior)(Composttion), Aero-
sols, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-140871 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Pulmonary Impedance In Dogs Measured by
Forced Random Noise with a Retrograde Cath-
eter. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
J. M. Fullton, D. A. Hayes, and R. L Pimmel, 1982,12p
EPA-600/J-82-257
Grant EPA-R-805184
Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
Dept of Electrical Engineering. Pub. in Jnl. of Applied
Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise
Physiology 52(3), p725-7331982.
Retrograde catheter and forced random noise tech-
niques were combined to study the distribution of re-
sistance and compliance in dogs following the inhala-
tion of aerosols containing 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml of hista-
mine.
Keywords: *Noise
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: *Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, "Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), American Honda Motor Com-
pany Incorporated, Certification.
PB83-141457 PC$21.50/MF$5.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar Rover Triumph
(JRT).
Jaguar Rover Triumph, Inc., Leonia, NJ.
1982,108pEPA/460-A-83-7
See also PB83-141440, PB83-141465, and PB82-
148818.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles. Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models). Jaguar Rover Triumph Incor-
porated, Certification.
PB83-141465 PC$45.00/MF$6.30
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1982,497p EPA/460-A-83-8
See also PB83-141457. PB83-141473, and PB82-
148834
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Mercedes-Benz of North
America Incorporated, Certification.
PB83-141473 PC$88.00/MF$10.20
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1982,1211 p EPA/460-A-83-9
See also PB83-141465, PB83-141481, and PB82-
148842.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords'. 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems. Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Mitsubishi Motors Corporation,
Certification.
PB83-141481 PC$96.00/MF$9.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1982,1346p EPA/460-A-83-10
See also PB83-141473, PB83-141499, and PB82-
148867.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems. Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Peugeot, Certification.
PB83-141499 PC$34.00/MF$S.70
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Ught-Outy Vehicles - Rolls-Royce Motors.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1982,31 Op EPA/460-A-83-11
See also PB83-141481, PB83-141507, and PB81-
200263.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines. Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Rolls-Royce Motors, Certifica-
tion.
PB83-141507 PC$99.50/MF$9.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - S.
SAAB-SCANIA of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1982,1403p EPA/460-A-83-12
See also PB83-141499, PB83-141515, and PB82-
148875.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems. Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Saab-Scania of America Incor-
porated, Certification.
PB83-141515 PCS117.50/MFS9.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyo Kogyo-Mazda.
Toyo Kogyo Co. Ltd., Hiroshima (Japan).
1982,1619pEPA/460-A-83-13
See also PB83-141507, PB83-141523, and PB82-
148826.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems. Exhaust systems,
December 1983 1409
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Automotive fuels, "Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehtdes(1983 models), Toyo Kogyo Company Limited,
Certification.
PB83-141523 PC$37.00/MF$5.70
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Secaucus, NJ.
1982,364p EPA/460-A-83-14
See also PB83-141515, and PB82-148883.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141382.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicte parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles. Motor vehicle engines, Air
pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust systems,
Exhaust emissions, Fuel systems, Tests, Mainte-
nance. Automotive fuels. 'Light duty vehicles, Motor
vehides(1983 models), Toyota Motor Corporation,
Certification.
PB83-141531 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engine*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1982,659p
Set includes PB83-141549 and PB83-141556. See
alsoPB82-148891.
No abstract available.
PB83-141549 PC$43.00/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
AppOcation for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engine* - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1962,461 p EPA/460-A-83-15
See ateo PB83-141556, and PB82-14892S.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141531.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of trie vehicles or engmes he iritends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, arid proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Trucks, Engines, Fuel
systems. Ignition systems, Exhaust systems. Exhaust
emissions. Maintenance, Tests, Automotive fuels, Air
pollution control, 'Heavy duty vehicles. Motor veht-
des(1983 models), Certification, Ford Motor Compa-
ny.
PB83-141556 PC927-00/MFS&40
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1M3 Model Year
Htsvy*Qiity EnQlnos -
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Morrtvate, NJ.
1982,198pEPA/460-A-83-16
See also PB83-141549, and PB82-198375.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB83-141531.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, Air pollu-
tion control, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Ig-
nition systems, Automotive fuels, Fuel systems, Main-
tenance, Tests, 'Heavy duty engines, Mercedes Benz
of North America Incorporated, Truck engines(1983
models), Certification.
PB83-141572 PC A13
Department of Energy, Grand Junction, CO. Grand
Junction Office.
Texas Surface Gamma-Ray Scanner Survey. Final
rept,
Bendix Field Engineering Corp., Grand Junction, CO.
John Wayne Allen. 1982,289p
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Grand
Junction, CO. Grand Junction Office and Office of Ra-
diation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) con-
ducted a radiation survey of public and private build-
ings in the vicinity of mineral mining areas to establish
the use, if any, of radioactive mineral waste materials
in any phase of construction. The survey was conduct-
ed in two phases. The initial phase utilized a mobile
van equipped with radiation detection instrumentation
to survey radioactive levels in the vicinity of the struc-
tures of interest The second phase of the survey in-
volved detailed on-site radiation studies to locate and
identify the source of radioactivity and to make appro-
priate radiation measurements inside the structures to
provide an assessment of health impacts.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Gamma rays, 'Radioactive
wastes, 'Construction materials, 'Texas, Surveys,
Maps, Radiation sources, Hearth hazards.
PB83-141986 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Btackfeet-Glacter, Montana Solid Waste Manage-
ment Plan: A Technical Assistance Panels Pro-
gram Report Final rept,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
Barry Damschen, Daniel Norderud, and Stephen
Orzynski. Jun 82,135p EPA-908/6-82-004
Contract EPA-68-01 -6008
Prepared in cooperation with Pecoa (Robert) and As-
sociates, Helena, MT.
Due to jurtsdictional-related problems, low populations
and vast distances between population centers, and
extremely seasonal waste generation characteristics,
the disposal of solid waste in the Blackfeet Indian Res-
ervation - Glacier National Park area has presented
various problems for the past several years. This
report presents an analysis of the current problems
confronting local officials in the area, arid alternate so-
lutions to the problems that exist The solid waste
management plan summarized in the report recom-
mends that the existing non-licensed disposal sites in
the area should be closed. In addition, the existing
'Green Box1 container system should be expanded to
all areas encompassed by the study, and all wastes
should ultimately be disposed of at either of two li-
censed landfills in the area. The plan also recom-
mends that a Policy Board consisting of representa-
tives from the Blackfeet Tribe, Glacier County, the
Town of Browning, and the National Park Service
should be formed to implement the plan and make all
necessary decisions concerning the management fi-
nancing and operation of the proposed waste disposal
system. Ultimately, it is recommended that all financial
arrangements should be conducted through the Black-
feet Tribal Business Council, primarily because most of
the existing waste disposal facilities and equipment
are currently owned and operated by the Tribe.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Management plan-
ning, Montana, Earth fills, Substitutes, Sites, Feasibility
studies, Land use, 'Solid waste management, Waste
recycling, Blackfeet Indian Reservation.
PB83-142059 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emissions from Heavy-Duty Engines Using the
1984 Transient Test Procedure, volume I: Gaso-
line. Final rept Sep 77-Jul 81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Shenill F. Martin, and Charles M. Urban. Jul 81,274p
EPA-460/3-81 -031 -VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-03-2603
See also Volume 2, PB83-142067.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
This volume of the two-volume report describes the
heavy-duty, gasoline engine baseline emissions eval-
uations conducted at Southwest Research Institute.
Initially, a facility was developed which was capable of
complying with the requirements in the 1984 dyna-
mometer transient procedure. Seventeen gasoline en-
gines were then tested over the transient and the nine-
mode emissions test procedures. Included were 1969
model year engines for HC baseline, 1972-73 engines
for NOx baseline, and 1978-79 engines for correlation
purposes. Emissions measured were hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen on all en-
gines.
Keywords: 'Gasoline engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution, Performance evaluation, Gasoline, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, 'Heavy duty
engines, Motor vehicles(1969 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1972 models), Motor vehicles(1973 models),
Motor vehicles(1978 models), Motor vehicles(1979
models).
PB83-142067 PC A16/MF A01
Environmnental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emissions from Heavy-Duty Engines Using the
1984 Transient Tests Procedure. Volume II:
Diesel. Final rept Sep 77-Jul 81,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Sherrill Martin. Jul 81,359p EPA-460/3-81-031-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-03-2603
See also Volume 1, PB83-142059.
This report describes the portion of the heavy-duty,
diesel engine, baseline emissions program that was
conducted at Southwest Research Institute. Initially, a
facility was developed which was capable of comply-
ing with the requirements in the 1984 dynamometer
transient test procedure. Nineteen diesel engines were
then tested over the transient and the 13-mode emis-
sions tests procedures. Two of these engines were re-
tested for correlation purposes. Emissions measured
were hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitro-
gen, and paniculate. Additional evaluations included:
alternate fuels, alternate transient cycles, and particu-
late correlation tests.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution, Performance evaluation, Diesel fuels, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, 'Heavy duty engines. Al-
ternate fuels.
PB83-142133 PC A24/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Proceedings of the Conference on Combined Mu-
nicipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment Held at
the University of Texas at Dallas on March 25-27,
1980. Final rept,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson.
Aharon Netzer. Apr 81,557p* EPA-600/9-81-021
Grant EPA-R-806799
See also PB83-142141 through PB83-142463.
This conference presented the latest information on
combined municipal/industrial wastewater treatment
The curriculum of the Conference covered methods
for treatment of combined municipal/industrial
wastewaters; industrial pretreatment; case histories of
1410 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
industrial pretreatment effluents and combined munici-
pal/industrial wastewater treatment; data on presence
and fate of priority pollutants in existing municipal/in-
dustrial wastewater systems; research, design, and
operation of combined municipal/industrial
wastewater treatment; sludge handling, utilization and
disposal; water reuse and recycling.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment 'Meetings, Waste water reuse, Industrial
wastes, Municipalities, Activated sludge process, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Textile industry, Ozonization,
Design, Sludge disposal, Farm crops, Feeding stuffs,
Paper industry, Pesticides, Metals, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical industry, Microbiology,
Pretreatment(Water), Land application.
PB83-142141
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Overview of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Joint (Combined) Industrial Waste Re-
search Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
S. R. Reznek. Apr 81, 6p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment, p1-
6 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142158
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Innovation In Wastewater Treatment,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson.
J. G.Moore, Jr. Apr 81,9p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment, p7-
15AprB1.
No abstract available.
PB83-142166
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Industrial Categorical Pretreatment Standards,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
R. M. Southworth. Apr 81, 8p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p16-23 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142174
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Minimizing Costs by Good Financial Management,
Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Associa-
tion, Inc., Washington, DC.
S. Sacks. Apr 81,7p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p24-30Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142182
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Compatibility Assessment of Municipal/Industrial
Wastewaters for Combined Biological Treatment,
Busch (A. W.), Dallas, TX.
A.W.Busch.Apr81,7p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p31-44Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142190
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Biological Inhibition Screening of Industrial
Wastewaters,
MetcaH and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
E.L Stover. Apr 81,15p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p45-59Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142208
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters Containing
Biologically Hazardous Industrial Compounds by
Conventional Activated Sludge and Extended Aer-
ation,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
D. F. Kincannon, A. F. Gaudy, Jr., and T. S. Manickam.
Apr81,19p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p60-78Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142216
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Treatment of Combined Industrial and Domestic
Wastewater for Reuse In South Africa,
National Inst. for Water Research, Pretoria (South
Africa).
J. van Leeuwen, L. R. J. van Vuuren, J. F. J. van
Rensburg, and A. J. R. du Plessis. Apr 81,14p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p79-92Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142224
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Use of Granular Activated Carbon to Treat Munici-
pal Wastewater Receiving Industrial Flow,
ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
P. B. DeJohn, J. P. Black, and R. W. Edwards. Apr 81,
20p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p93-112Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142232
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Full Scale Experience with Activated Carbon
Treatment of Joint Municipal - Industrial
Wastewater,
Frtchburg Wastewater Treatment Facilities, MA.
J.LTayfor.Apr81,9p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
pm-121 Apr8l.
No abstract available.
PB83-142240
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Textile Waste Treatment at a Municipal Pact Facil-
ity.
Vemon Water Pollution Control Facility, CT.
C.A.Pitkat. Apr 81,19p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p122-140 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-1422S7
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Review of the Use of Ozone for Improving Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
North Carolina State Government, Raleigh.
R.G. Rice. Apr 81,26p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p141 -166 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142265
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Use of Solar Energy for Combined Municipal-In-
dustrial Wastewater Treatment,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
A.J.Acher.Apr81,13p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p167-179 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142273
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Land Treatment of Combined Municipal/Industrial
Wastewaters,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., San Bernardino, CA.
C. E. Pound, and R. W. Crites. Apr 81, 8p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p180-187 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142281
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Utilization of Sewage Sludges on Cropland,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Agronomy.
L. E. Sommers, and D. W. Nelson. Apr 81,21 p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p188-208 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142299
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Utilization of Activated Sludge from Combined
Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment for
Animal and Poultry Feed.
MATMOR Central Feed Mill, Mobil Post Evach (Israel).
Apr8l,5p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p209-213Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142307
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Water Pollution: Industry and Government Work-
Ing Together - A Case Study of Muncle, Indiana's
Industrial Pretreatment Program,
Muncie Div. of Water Quality, IN.
J. M. Craddock. Apr 81,16p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p214-229 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142315
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
City of Chattanooga Industrial-Municipal Pretreat-
ment Program,
Chattanooga Interceptor Sewer System, TN. Moccasin
Bend Treatment Plant.
E. G. Wright, G. E. Kurz, and D. A. Summers. Apr 81,
29p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p230-258Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142323
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Investigations on the Suitability of Various Pesti-
cide Manufacturing Wastewater for Discharge to
Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
E. C. Monnig, L W. Little, and R. Zweidinger. Apr 81,
13p
Prepared in cooperation with Little (L. W.) Associates,
Raleigh, NC., and Research Triangle Inst., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p259-271 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142331
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Los Angeles County Experience In the Control
and Treatment of Industrial Wastewater DIs-
charges,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
L. S. Directo, C. W. Carry, and J. F. Kremer. Apr 81,
28p
December 1983 1411
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p272-299Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142349
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Combined Municipal-Industrial Wastewater Treat-
ment in Garland, Texas,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson.
J. McNutt, and W. B. Dollar. Apr 81,13p
Prepared in cooperation with Garland, TX.
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment
p3QO-312Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142356
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Treatment of Cotton Waste hi the Mersey Basin,
Sheffield City Polytechnic (England). Dept of Civil En-
gineering.
5. M. Doughty. Apr 81,16p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment,
p313-328 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142364
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Case Study of a Potato Chip Producer Discharg-
ing to a Small Municipal Treatment System,
Reid, Crowther and Partners Ltd., Don Mills (Ontario).
A. W. Wilson. Apr 81,24p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment
0329-352 Apr 81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142372
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Joint Treatment Design and Operating Problems
wtth a Fine Paper Manufacturing Wastewater,
Maine Univ. at Orono. Dept of Civil Engineering.
J.D.Lowry.Apr81,28p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment
p353-387Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142380
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Uniroyual Chemical's Experience wtth Combined
MunldpaHndustrtal Wastewater Treatment at
Elmlra, Ontario,
Uniroyal Ltd., Ehnira (Ontario). Chemical Div.
K.C. Bradley-Apr 81,7p
Included in Proceedings of the Conference on Com-
bined Municipal/Industrial Wastewater Treatment
p381-386Apr81.
No abstract available.
PB83-142398
(Order as PB83-142133, PC A24/MF A01)
Industrial CompatlbMty with the POTW
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS3-144162 PC A16/MF A01
Analysis of In-Use Fuel Economy Data: Stage I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Aug 82, 359p EPA/AA/CTAB/FE-82-6
The report summarizes the need for, and the back-
ground work done on, adjusting the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) miles per gallon (MPG)
values to more closely correspond to actual fuel econ-
omy experience on the road, the majority of the report
deals with the derivation of mathematical algorithms
that could be used to perform the needed adjustment.
Using an extensive data base of in-use fuel-economy,
algorithms are developed which depend on certain
design features of motor vehicles. Substantial im-
provements in the accuracy of the Fuel Economy La-
beling and Gas Mileage Programs will result when ad-
justments to the current values are adopted.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, Data
acquisition, Algorithms, Technology assessment,
Mathematical models.
PB83-144204 PC A09/MF A01
Toxaphene: Decision Document and Federal Reg-
ister Notice.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep82,192p EPA-540/9-82-027
This document contains detailed information regarding
EPA's determination concluding the Rebuttable Pre-
sumption Against Registration (RPAR) process for tox-
aphene-containing pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Environmental surveys, Ecolo-
gy, Risks, Humans, Exposure, Laboratory animals,
Regulations, Assessments, Utilization, Malignant neo-
plasms, Public health. Industrial hygiene, 'Toxaphene,
'Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration.
PB83-144444 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
Formed during Chlorlnatlon of Wastewater Prod-
ucts. Final rapt. Jan 74-Aug 79,
North Texas State Univ., Denton.
William H. Glaze, Jimmie L. Burteson, James E.
Henderson, IV, Priscilla C. Jones, and Warren Kinstley.
Dec 82,199p EPA-600/4-82-072
Chemical byproducts produced during the chlorination
of municipal wastewater were examined in a study that
employed several specially modified analytical meth-
odologies. Volatile byproducts were examined by the
use of gas chromatography with selective detectors
and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/
MS). Using XAD resins for concentration of trace or-
ganics in the wastewater samples before and after
chlorination, a number of chlorinated aromatic and ali-
phatic compounds were found after chlorination and
superchlorination. A rapid and convenient microextrac-
tion method was developed that is suitable for the
analysis of trihalomethanes and other volatile haloge-
nated organ ics at the microgram-per-liter level in
water. Also, a computer program was developed that
may be used in conjunction with a GC/MS computer-
ized data system for the identification of polyhalogen-
ated compounds present as minor components in a
complex chemical mixture. A procedure also was de-
veloped to determine the concentrations of amino
acids in wastewaters, sludges and septage, before and
after chlorination. Two chlorinated derivatives of tyro-
sine were found in a superchlorinated septage sample.
Nonvolatile compounds in natural waters and munici-
pal wastewaters, before and after chlorination, were
studied by high performance liquid chromatography.
Fractions collected before chlorination of the sample
showed that trihalomethane formation potential was
spread throughout the natural polymer.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Water pollution, Chlorina-
tion, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentratk>n(Composition), Extraction, Chemical re-
actions, 'Water pollution detection, High performance
liquid chromatography.
PB83-144568 PC A02/MF A01
Disablement Testing of 1981-1982 Model Year Ve-
hicles with Closed-Loop Emission Control Sys-
tems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
R. Bruce Michael. Sep 82, 23p EPA-AA-TSS-82-5
The purpose of this report is to present the results of
emission control system disablement testing of recent
model year vehicles. Starting in 1981, Federal vehicles
were designed to meet more stringent emission stand-
ards such that most employed computer controls utiliz-
ing exhaust emission feedback. Some vehicles prior to
1981 also used feedback systems, but it was not until
1981 that large quantity production of the systems oc-
curred, along with a relatively finalized system design.
Because EPA had little data on the emissions of these
vehicles when they experienced emission control
problems, a test program was designed to test many
types of these vehicles. Included in the test program
were four vehicle equipped with throttle body fuel in-
jection (TBI).
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution control equipment, Feedback control. Fuel in-
jectors, Inspection, Maintenance, Motor vehicles(1981
models), Motor verticles(1982 models).
PB83-144675 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Liability Coverage: Requirements for Owners or
Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Stor-
age, and Disposal Facilities.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Nov82, 91 p* SW-961, EPA/SW-961
Contract EPA-68-01-6491
This manual has three purposes: (1) To assist owners
and operators in understanding their responsibilities
under the liability coverage requirements of 40 CFR
264 and 265 published in the Federal Register on April
16, 1982 and effective as of July 15, 1982; (2) To
assist Regional Administrators and state agencies in
developing effective procedures to implement the re-
quirements; and (3) To promote uniform and coordi-
nated implementation within and among Regions to
ease the burden on owners or operators, the insur-
ance industry, and EPA personnel. The manual de-
scribes the responsibilities of the regulated community
and the functions that Regional Offices must perform.
Checklists, required wordings, and sample submis-
sions are provided as well as sources of further infor-
mation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Disposal, Manuals,
Methodology, Treatment, Storage, Regulations, Insur-
PB83-144766 PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Plans for Clinical and Epidemiologic Follow-up
after Area-wide Chemical Contamination: Pro-
ceedings of an International Workshop Held at
Washington, DC. on March 17-19,1980. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1982,431 p
Contract EPA-68-02-3211
Sponsored in part by Centers for Disease Control, At-
lanta, GA.
This workshop was an undertaking of the Committee
on Response Strategies to Unusual Chemical Hazards
and its counterpart Italian Committee. The Committee
was established in 1979 as a result of the 1976 chemi-
cal explosion in Seveso, Italy to develop guidelines
that might be used to implement a world-wide mecha-
nism for guiding biomedical researchers at the scene
of accidents similar to that at Seveso, and to evaluate
newer health data from the Seveso accident and the
design of future studies. The topic of the workshop,
Plans for clinical and epidemiologic follow-up after
area-wide chemical contamination, was approached
from two points of view: first, by exploring a number of
cases in which such widespread contamination oc-
curred and which served as the basis for field studies;
and second, by evaluating diseases and target organs
that were identified as likely outcomes of chemical ex-
posures. A synthesis of experiences and guiding prin-
ciples for future investigations of similar exposures
was provided by a panel of experts from the U.S. and
Italy.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Contamination, 'Accidents,
Exposures, Guidelines, Epidemiology, Reproductive
system, Chlorine organic compounds, Bromine organ-
ic compounds, 'Biomedical research, Kepone, Mercu-
ry/methyl, Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Biphenyl/
bromo, Polybrominated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
DBCP pesticide, Propane/chloro-dibromo, Dioxin.
PB83-144774 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Adfplc Acid Enhanced Flue Gas Desulfuriza-
tion Process for Industrial Boilers. Volume 1. Field
Test Results. Final rept. Feb 81-Feb 82,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
P. A. Clarke, R. W. Gerstle, D. S. Henzel, K. W. Mason,
and S. R. Sabatini. Nov 82,429p EPA-600/7-82-065A
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also Volume 2, PB83-144782.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the effect
of adding adipic acid on the SO2 removal of a wet lime-
stone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system on a coal-
fired industrial boiler at Rickenbacker Air National
Guard Base near Columbus, OH. Emission data were
collected in accordance with the regulations for SO2
compliance data specified in the Federal Register. The
test results show that adding adipic acid to the lime-
stone slurry significantly improved the SO2 removal ef-
ficiency of the FGD system. Limited baseline data on
operations with limestone only indicated a perform-
ance level of 55% SO2 removal. With the addition of
about 2200 ppm of adipic acid to the limestone scrub-
bing system, the unit's level of performance increased
to an average of 94.3% SO2 removal (within a stand-
ard deviation of 2.2%) during which boiler load was 70-
130 million Btu/hr and gas throughput varied 300%.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Adipic
acid, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boilers, Additives, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Field tests,
Performance evaluation, Calcium carbonates,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Cornposition), 'Lime-
stone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-144782 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The Adipic Add Enhanced Flue Gas Desulfuriza-
tion Process for Industrial Boilers. Volume 2.
Technical Assessment Final rept. Feb 81-Feb 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. P. Behrens, and O. W. Hargrove, Jr. Nov 82,58p
RAD-81 -203-001 -35-13, EPA-600/7-82-065B
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 1, PB83-144774.
The report gives results of an evaluation of an adipic
acid enhanced limestone flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) system on industrial boilers at Rickenbacker Air
National Guard Base. The S02 removal efficiency with
the adipic acid averaged 94.3% over a 30-day period.
This represents a significant improvement in the per-
formance of the system using only limestone. Eco-
nomic calculations for an industrial boiler adipic acid
enhanced limestone FGD system indicate a slight re-
duction in both capital and operating expenses relative
to a limestone-only system designed for 90% S02
control of 3.5% sulfur coal. The costs are competitive
with those of the dual alkali system. The successful
demonstration of the adipic acid enhanced limestone
system increases the number of demonstrated tech-
nologies available to a potential user.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Adipic
acid, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide. Additives, Flue gases,
Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Calcium car-
bonates, Technology, Assessments, Economics, Per-
formance evaluation, Environmental impacts, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing.
PB83-144816 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Shell NOx/S02 Flue Gas Treatment Process: Inde-
pendent Evaluation. Final rept. Feb 80-Feb 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. M. Burke. Nov 82,297p EPA-600/7-82-064
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
December 1983 1413
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of an independent evaluation
of the Shell Flue Gas Treatment (SFGT) process
which simultaneously reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx)
and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. NOx emissions
from stationary sources may be reduced by 80-90 per-
cent by applying selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of
NOx with ammonia. To further develop this technolo-
gy, EPA sponsored pilot scale tests of two SCR proc-
esses treating flue gas slipstreams from coal-fired boil-
ers. One of the processes was the SFGT process. The
independent evaluation of the SFGT pilot plant tests
shows that the process can simultaneously reduce
NOx and SO2 emissions by 90 percent, even though
this was not demonstrated during the pilot plant test
program. The process design tested appeared well
suited to coal-fired application, and the reactor proc-
essed flue gas for 2000 hours without any signs of
plugging. An energy analysis indicates that the SFGT
process energy requirements equal 5 percent of the
boiler's capacity. Process costs were estimated based
on the pilot plant test results. Estimated capital invest-
ment and annual revenue requirements for the SFGT
process are $168/kW and 9.60 mills/kWh, respective-
ly, significantly higher than previous estimates for the
process using the same process design.
Keywords; *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Catalysis, Design criteria. Performance evalua-
tion, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Flue gases, 'Shell flue gas treatment
PB83-144840 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Automated and Manual Sutfuric
Add Sampling Systems. Final rept,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL
Walter R. Dickson. Dec 82,66p EPA-600/7-82-068
Contract EPA-68-02-3461
The purpose of this program was to evaluate the per-
formance of three sulfuric acid vapor sampling sys-
tems consisting of (1) a commercially available contin-
uous monitor (SSL) manufactured by Severn Science
Limited of Great Britain, (2) an automated prototype
suliuric acid mist monitor (SAMM) developed by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and (3) a min-
iaturized, manually controlled-condensation system,
also developed by EPA. Difficulties were experienced
which included unexpectedly large variations in the
SSL results and major operational problems with the
prototype SAMM.
Keywords: •Sutfuric acid, 'Air pollution. Sampling,
Monitoring, Electrostatic precntatore,
ConcentratiorKCornposrtion), Comparison, Field tests,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB83-145102 PC A04/MF A01
Derivation of I/M Benefit* for Pre-1981 Ught Duty
Vehicle* for Low Attitude, Non-CaWomta Areas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
James Rutherford. Jim 82,69p EPA-AA-IMS-82-3
See also PB81-194102.
This report presents the derivation of the Inspection/
Maintenance (I/M) emission reduction benefits for pre-
1981 model year vehicles (nqrvCaKfornia low attitude)
which were prepared for use in EPA's emission factor
model, MOBILE2. MOBILE2 is a computer program
which estimates fleet average emissions of the three
regulated pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
and nitrous oxides) at various points in time under
varying ambient and driving conditions. The effects of
I/M are applied in MOBILES as percent reductions, or
credits, to average emissions for various segments of
the fleet The Inspection and Maintenance benefits for
1981 and later model years were derived independent-
ly and are discussed in a separate report
Keywords: *Automobites, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pol-
lution, Inspection, Maintenance, Performance evalua-
tion. Computer programs, MOBILE2 computer pro-
gram.
PB83-145128 PC A04/MF A01
The Eastern Environmental Radiation Faculty's
Participation In Intertaboratory and Intralabora-
tory Comparisons of Environmental Sample Anal-
yses: 1979 and 1980. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL
R. Blanchard, J. Broadway, and J. Moore. Jan 82,53p
EPA/520/5-82-012
Since 1964 the Eastern Environmental Radiation Fa-
cility (EERF), Office of Radiation Programs (ORP), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, has compared its
results of analyses of radkxiuclides in environmental
and biological samples with those of other agencies.
Such intercomparisons are sponsored by several
agencies and the results are routinely published by the
quality assurance reference center of the respective
sponsoring agency. All samples in these intercompari-
sons are treated anonymously, identified by a code
known only by the originating laboratory and appropri-
ate reference center. This report presents our results
for 1979 and 1980 in intercomparison studies spon-
sored by EMSL-LV, WHO, and the IAEA as well as our
intralaboratory analyses results. The latter results in-
clude replicate, blind, and spiked sample analyses.
The authors plan to publish similar reports on a bian-
nual schedule.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Radioactive iso-
topes, Sampling, Comparison,
Concentration(Comparison), Water pollution, Foods,
Soils, Milk, Numerical solution.
PB83-145227 PC A02/MF A01
Survival of Salmon Smotts In Sea Water after Ex-
posure to Air-Supersaturated Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Alan V. Nebeker, Donald G. Stevens, and Rocky J.
Baker. 17 Jut 78,5p EPA-600/J-79-146
Pub. in Progressive Rsh-Culturist v41 n1 p31 -321979.
Smolts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were
held at 117,115,113,110,108, and 100% saturation
in air-supersaturated fresh water at 12.5C for 3 weeks.
At 117% saturation 70% of the fish died, and at 115%,
5% died. Survivors were severely stressed and exhibit-
ed many signs of gas bubble disease. When the smolts
were transferred to sea water and held for 10 days, no
deaths occurred and they recovered rapidly.
Keywords: 'Supersaturation, 'Air, Fresh water,
Salmon, Fishes, Survival, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Oncorhynchus nerka.
PBS3-145235 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Experimental Airborne Infections for Moni-
toring Altered Host Defenses. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Donald E. Gardner. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-227
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v43 p99-
1071982.
This paper describes the use of an experimental air-
borne infectious disease models capable of predicting
subtle changes in host defenses at concentrations
below which there are any other overt toxicotogical ef-
fects. Such sensitivity is possible because the model
measures not just a single 'health' parameter, but in-
stead is capable of reflecting the total responses
caused by the test chemical.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Infectious diseases, Aero-
sols, Models, Prediction, Sensitivity,
ConoantratkxXCornpositJon), Reprints, Monitoring,
•Pathogens.
PB83-145243 PC A02/MF A01
HeaJthEffects Research Lab.. Cincinnati, OH.
Experimental Infection of Mongrel Dogs with
•Qlardta tamMta' Cysts and Cultured Tropnozottes.
Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
Erik L Hewlett, John S. Andrews, Jr., Juanita Ruffier,
and Frank W. Schaefer, III. 13 Jut 81, 7p EPA-600/J-
82-088
Grant PHS-AM 5351
Pub. in JnL of Infectious Diseases, v145n1 p89-93Jan
82. Prepared in cooperation with the Rockefeller Foun-
dation.
In light of recent epidemtologic data implicating wild
and domestic animals in the transmission of giardiasis,
a study was undertaken to determine whether mongrel
dogs could be infected with Giardia lamblia. After care-
ful screening by stool examination (a minimum of six
stools examined per week for three weeks), dogs were
channenged orally with G. lamblia cysts from human
stool or trophozoites from an axenic culture. Three of
eight dogs became infected with cysts, and two of
three became infected with trophozoites. Latency peri-
ods and the course of cyst excretion were similar to
those observed in humans, but the dogs were not clini-
cally ill. These data support the concept of interspe-
ctes transmission of Giardia and demonstrate that in-
fection can be transmitted by the trophozoite form as
well as by cysts.
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, 'Parasitic diseases, Dogs,
Gastrointestinal diseases, Infectious diseases, Proto-
zoal diseases, Reprints, Giardia lamblia.
PB83-145250 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Aortas and
Coronary Arteries of Swine with von Wlltebrand's
Disease. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Thomas R. Griggs, Robert L. Reddick, David Sultzer,
and K. M. Brinkhous. 23 Jul 80,11 p EPA-600/J-81-
585
Grants EPA-R-804959, N01-HLO-1648
Pub. in American Jnl. of Pathology, v102 n2 p137-145
Feb 81. Sponsored in part by Grant N01 -HL-2-4609.
The development of coronary and aortic atherosclero-
sis was determined after balloon catheter injury of cor-
onary arteries and administration of an atherogenic
diet in normal pigs and pigs that were homozygous and
heterozygous for von Wnlebrand's disease. Coronary
atherosclerosis developed to a similar degree in all
three phenotypic groups. The difference between the
aortic lesions of normal animals and bleeders was sig-
nificant. Absence of von Willebrand factor was associ-
ated with limited resistance to atherosclerosis in the
aortas of experimental pigs but did not affect the de-
velopment of atherosclerosis in either ballooned or
nonbaltooned coronary arteries. These findings sug-
gest, first, that von Willebrand factor function is not es-
sential to the development of the atherosderotion
lesion in this model and, second, that the role of the
von Willebrand factor in the development of athero-
sclerosis is complicated and appears to involve inter-
action with variables not yet defined.
Keywords: •Arteriosclerosis, Arteries, Cardiovascular
diseases, Diets, Swine, Tolerances(Phystology), Aorta,
Reprints, "Von Willebrands disease.
PB83-145268 PC A02/MF A01
Indoor Environmental Determinants of Lung
Function In Children. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC.
victor Hasselbiad, Charles G. Humble, Morgan G.
Graham, and Helen S. Anderson. 14 Jan 81, 9p EPA-
600/ J-81-586
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v123
n5p479-485May81.
Using pulmonary function and family respiratory ques-
tionnaire data for 16,689 white children 6 to 13 yr of
age from 7 geographic areas, the investigators exam-
ined the effect of several environmental and other fac-
tors on performance in a standard test of breathing. As
expected, FEV(0.75) was correlated most strongly with
age, height, and sex. A dose-response relationship
was observed with maternal smoking habits and ex-
plained 0.1 % of the variance. No effect caused by the
father's smoking habits was observed. A decrease
(p=0.0524) in FEV among older girls was associated
with the presence of gas cooking stove in the home.
Although the statistical significance of the decreases
was largely attributable to the size of the sample, the
decreases in FEV, even though small, were thought to
be biologically significant
Keywords: 'Children, Questionnaires, Age, Height
Sex, Reprints, *Lung function tests, 'Environmental
factors, Cigarette smoking, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans).
1414 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBB3-145276 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of a 0.75ppm Sulfur Dioxide on Pulmonary
Function Parameters of Normal Human Subjects.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ralph W. Stacy, Dennis House, Mitchell Friedman,
Milan Hazucha, and James Green. 5 May 81, 9p EPA-
600/J-81-604
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v36 n4
p172-178 1981. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill and Rockwell Internation-
al Energy Systems Div., Durham, NC.
Of 31 young, healthy male volunteers who participated
in this study, 15 were exposed to air (control) and 16 to
0.75 ppm (2.15 mg/cu. m.) SO2 for 2 hr at 21C and
60% relative humidity. At the end of the first hour, the
subjects exercised for 15 min on a treadmill at 6.4
kmph, with a 10% grade. Methods employed in eval-
uation of pulmonary function included body plethysmo-
graphy, spirometry, and multigas rebreathing test.
From the battery of 15 pulmonary function parameters,
only the pattern of airway resistance changes was sig-
nificantly altered by SO2 exposure, although spiromet-
ric parameters followed a similar pattern.
Keywords: *Sulfur dioxide, "Toxicology, Humans, Ex-
posure, Lung, Exercise(Physiology), Reprints, *Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Lung function tests.
PB83-145284 PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Mterosomal Metabolism and Chemi-
cal Oncogenesls In Culture by Naphthalene Quin-
ones. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Stephen Nesnow, Hinda Bergman, Helen Garland, and
Mary Morris. 18Jun80,16pEPA-600/J-79-149
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4, p17-301980.
A series of napthalene diols, quinones, and related
compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit
mixed-function oxidase activities in liver microsomes
obtained from rats which had been pretreated with 3-
methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or phenobarbital (PB).
Using benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase as a measure
of mixed-function oxidase activity, it was found that
phenanthrene-9,10-quinone was the most active com-
pound tested with a K1 =0.79 uM.
Keywords: 'Ribosomes, Inhibition, Metabolism, Liver,
Rats, Reprints, Oncogenesis, 'Naphthalene quinones.
PB83-145292 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Formation of DNA Adducts In 1OT1/2 Mouse
Embryo Flbrobtosts Incubated with
Benzo(a)pyrene or Dlhydrodtol Oxide Derivatives.
Journal article,
Columbia Univ., New York.
Halina Szejnwald Brown, Alan M. Jeffrey, and I.
Bernard Weinstein. 30 Jan 79,7p EPA-600/J-79-148
Grants EPA-R-805482, PHS-CA-13696
Pub. in Cancer Research 39, p1673-1677 May 79.
Binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) metabolites to DNA
was studied in the mouse embryo fibroblast 10T one
half cell line. The cells metabolized BP to its diaster-
eoisomeric 7,8-dihydrodtol-9,10-oxides, (+)-7B, 8a-di-
hydroxy-9B, 10B-epoxy-7,8,9,10-
tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, which formed covalent ad-
ducts with cellular DNA. Detailed analysis by high-
pressure liquid chromatography indicated that a deox-
yguanosine adduct, N2-(10S-(7R, 8S, 9R-trihydroxy-
7,8,9,10-
tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene)yldeoxyguaninosine, was
the predominant DNA adduct formed in cells exposed
to BP. This adduct is also the major one found in
human tissues exposed to BP.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acid, Aromatic polycy-
cHc hydrocarbons, Binding, Mice, Embryos, Oxygen or-
ganic compounds, Stereochemistry, Reprints, *Dihy-
drodiol oxide. Metabolites, Cell lines, 'Benzopyrenes,
Rbroblasts.
PB83-145300 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
DNA-Benzo(a)Pyrene Adducts Formed In a 'Sal-
monella typblmurlum' Mutagenesls Assay System.
Journal article,
Columbia Univ., New York. Coll. of Physicians and Sur-
geons.
Regina M. Santella, DeziderGrunberger, and I.
Bernard Weinstein. 9 Mar 79,11 p EPA-600/J-79-147
Grants R-805482, PHS-CA-13696
Pub. in Mutation Research, v61 p181-1891979. Spon-
sored in part by Grant PHS-CA-21111.
The DNA adducts formed in Salmonella typhimurium
when bacteria are incubated with radioactive
benzo(a)pyrene and liver microsomal enzymes from
several sources has been investigated. When enzyme
prepartions from Aroclor 1254 or 3-methylcholanth-
rene induced C57BL/6N (B6) mice were used to medi-
ate activation, the predominant product was n adduct
between the 10 position of 7B,8a-dihydroxy-9a,10a
epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene and the N-2
position of deoxyguanosine. Similar results were ob-
tained with human liver and with Aroclor-induced rat-
liver enzyme preparations.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acid, 'Bacteria, Bioas-
say, Incubation, Enzymes, Reprints, 'Salmonella typhi-
murium, 'Benzopyrene, Mutagenesis.
PB83-145540 PC A14/MF A01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Management Modeling Users Group Meeting, 25-
26 March 1982. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Thomas O. Bamwell, Jr. Aug 82,307p EPA-600/9-82-
015
This report includes 16 papers on topics related to the
development and application of computer-based
mathematical models for water quantity and quality
management presented at the semi-annual meeting of
the Joint U.S.-Canadian Stormwater and Water Quality
Management Modeling Users Group held 25-26 March
1982 in Washington DC. Topics covered include a
study of selection, calibration and verification of water
quality models in Louisiana and an assessment of
measurement uncertainty in the estimation of stream
reaeration rates for these models. Calibration of hy-
drology and sediment transport on small agricultural
watersheds using Hydrological Simulation Program
Fortran is described. HydroTogic modeling for studies
of pollutant loads and transport in large river basins
and the use of continuous simulation model calibration
techniques to develop nonpoint pollution loading fac-
tors were described. State-of-the-art data acquisition
techniques in hydrometeorology are discussed. Math-
ematical analyses of turbulence in center-feed circular
sedimentation basins and for dynamic model calibra-
tion are presented.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Mathematical models, 'Water
quality management, 'Meetings, Streams, Aeration,
Sediment transport, Hydrology, Calibrating, Risk,
Drainage, Watersheds, Coliform bacteria, River
basins, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Urban areas, Rain
gages, Fortran, Computerized simulation, 'Storm
water runoff, Agricultural watersheds, Organic loading,
EXTRAN model, Nonpoint sources, Design storm.
PB83-146092 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
User's Instructions for the SHORTZ and LONGZ
Computer Programs. Volume II. Final rept,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Jay R. Bjorklund, and James F. Bowers. Mar 82,366p
TR-82-131-01-VOL-1, EPA-903/9-82-004B
Contract EPA-68-02-2547
For system on magnetic tape, see PB83-146118. See
also Volume 1, PB83-146100.
The SHORTZ and LONGZ computer programs are de-
signed to calculate the short-term and long-term
ground-level pollutant concentrations produced at a
large number of receptors by emissions from multiple
stack, building and area sources. SHORTZ and
LONGZ are applicable in either rural or urban areas of
both flat and complex terrain. SHORTZ and LONGZ
are written in FORTRAN and are specifically designed
for use on a UNIVAC 1110 (or other UNIVAC 1100
series) computer. Both programs require a random-
access mass storage device. SHORTZ requires ap-
proximately 55K words of core and LONGZ requires
approximately 50K words of core. Volume II contains
appendices which include: (1) complete listings of the
SHORTZ and LONGZ programs, (2) example
SHORTZ and LONGZ problems, (3) coding forms for
card input to SHORTZ and LONGZ, (4) discussions of
the development and testing of the stack-tip down-
wash and complex terrain algorithms used by
SHORTZ and LONGZ, and (5) a SHORTZ meteorolog-
ical preprocessor program for use with National
Weather Service (NWS) surface and upper-air meteor-
ological data.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Handbooks,
Concentration(Composition), Rural areas, Urban
areas, Fortran, Mathematical models, Meteorology,
Computer programs, Terrain, 'SHORTZ computer pro-
gram, 'LONGZ computer program, UNIVAC-1110
computers.
PB83-146100 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
User's Instructions for the SHORTZ and LONGZ
Computer Programs, Volume I. Final rept.,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Jay R. Bjorklund, and James F. Bowers. Mar 82,338p
TR-82-131-01 -VOL-2, EPA-903/9-82-004A
Contract EPA-68-02-2547
For system on magnetic tape, see PB83-146118. See
also Volume 2, PB83-146092.
The SHORTZ and LONGZ computer programs are de-
signed to calculate the short-term and long-term
ground-level pollutant concentrations produced at a
large number of receptors by emissions from multiple
stack, building and area sources. SHORTZ and
LONGZ are applicable in either rural or urban areas of
both flat and complex terrain. SHORTZ and LONGZ
are written in FORTRAN and are specifically designed
for use on a UNIVAC 1110 (or other UNIVAC 1100
series) computer. Both programs require a random-
access mass storage device. SHORTZ requires ap-
proximately 55K words of core and LONGZ requires
approximately 50K words of core. Volume I of the
User's Instructions contains a detailed technical dis-
cussion of the dispersion-model equations implement-
ed by SHORTZ and LONGZ and detailed user's in-
structions for the two programs.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Handbooks,
Concentration(Composition), Rural areas, Urban
areas, Fortran, Mathematical models, Meteorology,
Computer programs, Terrain, 'SHORTZ computer pro-
gram, 'LONGZ computer program, UNIVAC-1110
computers.
PB83-146118 CPT08
LONGZ/SHORTZ Air Diffusion Models. Model-Sim-
ulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
Jay R. Bjorklund, James F. Bowers, and Alan J.
Cimorelli. Mar 82, mag tape EPA/DF-83/001
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB83-146100 and PB83-
146092.
The SHORTZ and LONGZ computer programs are de-
signed to calculate the short-term and long-term
ground-level pollutant concentrations produced at
large number of receptors by emissions from multiple
stack, building and area sources. SHORTZ and
LONGZ are applicable in either rural or urban areas of
both flat and complex terrain. SHORTZ and LONGZ
are written in FORTRAN and are specifically designed
for use on UNIVAC 1110 (or other UNIVAC 1100
series) computer. Both programs require a random-
access mass storage device. SHORTZ requires ap-
proximately 55K words of core and LONGZ requires
approximately 50K words of core. The LONGZ and
SHORTZ source codes are respectively contained on
Files 1 and 2 of Reel No. 19539. File 3 contains the
source code for the SHORTZ meteorological pre-proc-
essor program METZ, which is designed for use with
National Weather Service (NWS) surface and upper-
air data. The LONGZ and SHORTZ example problems
are contained on Files 4 and 5, respectively.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, Mathe-
matical models, Terrain, Urban areas, Rural areas,
Fortran, Meteorology, Concentration(Composition),
December 1983 1415
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
•Air quality, SHORTZ computer program, LONGZ
computer program, UNIVAC-1110 computers.
PB83-146175 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Inorganic Compound Identtflcatloon of Fly Ash
Emissions from Municipal Incinerators. Final rept,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. M. Henry, R. L Barbour, R. J. Jakobsen, and P. M.
Schumacher. Dec 82.37p EPA-600/3-82-095
Contract EPA-68-02-2296
Paniculate matter emitted as fly ash from municipal
refuse and sludge incineration operations consists
largely (>90 percent) of inorganic species, including
soot Although commonly these inorganics are re-
ferred to as oxides, it is evident from the compositions
of the waste being combusted that chlorides, sulfates,
and, in the case of sludge, phosphates are potential
reactant products in the combustion process. This
report presents a brief summary of existing data on the
composition of ashes resulting from various municipal
refuse and sludge incineration operations and new
data as to the inorganic compounds present Several
samples of stack emission fry ash were collected and
analyzed in detail for their elemental contents in order
to provide insight as to the potential inorganic com-
pounds possibly present Then compound identifica-
tion work was performed by X-raydiffraction (XRD)
and Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques.
The compound analyses showed the presence of
many inorganic compounds in addition to oxides in the
fly ashes. The use of the FT-IR technique is detailed in
the report because its application to inorganic species
identification is relatively new.
Keywords: *Fty ash, 'Chemical analysis, 'Inorganic
compounds, 'Solid waste disposal, Air pollution, Incin-
erators, Sewage, Particles, Soot, Chlorides, Inorganic
sulfates. Inorganic phosphates. X ray diffraction, Infra-
red spectroscopy, Sewage sludge, Fourier transform
spectroscopy.
PM3-146209 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
FkM Gas DMurrurtzatkxi Information System Data
Baas User's Manual.
PEDCo-Environmental. Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Oct82,142p
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
Supersedes PB81 -162505.
This document was prepared to provide a guide to the
use of the Flue Gas Desutfurization information
System (FGDIS), a collection of data base files stored
at the National Computer Center (NCC), Research Tri-
angte Park. North Carolina Access to these files and
manipulation of the data therein is accomplished via
SYSTEM 2000, a general data base management
system developed by INTEL Corporation and support-
ed by the NCC Urivac 1100 hardware. This manual de-
scribes the content and use of the FGDIS data. It also
serves as a general guide and reference manual for
the use of SYSTEM 2000 (and the Univac 1100) as it
applies to the FGDIS.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution,
'Manuals, Computer programming. Flue gases, Boil-
ers, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, 'Flue gas
desolfurization system.
P693-146340 PC A06/MF A01
Atmospheric Chemistry of Several Toxic Com-
pounds. Rnal rept,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Edward Edney. Steven Mitchell, and Joseph J.
BufaSni. Nov 82,120p* EPA-600/3-82-092
The hydroxyl radical initiated gas phase oxidation of
several toxic compounds in nitrous acid, oxides of ni-
trogen, in air mixtures were investigated. The chemical
species studied were: formaldehyde, acrytonrtrite, vi-
nyfidene chloride, trichkxoethytene, ally) chloride, ac-
etaldehyde, and acrotetn. Propytene and ethytene
were also studied for comparative purposes. Experi-
mental protocols were established for measuring hy-
droxyl rate constants. Product studies were also con-
ducted. The results and their atmospheric implications
are dtecussed.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Chemical compounds, Oxi-
dation, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrous acid. Formaldehyde,
Acrylonitriles, Vinylidene chloride resins, Acetalde-
hyde, Acroleins, Chlorine organic compounds, Chemi-
cal reactions, Reaction kinetics, 'Toxic substances,
•Hydroxyl radical, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB83-146795 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Recommendations on a Shortz/Longz S02 Air
Quality Model Methodology for the Tacoma Tide-
flats Area. Final rept,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, W. R. Margraves, and A. J. Anderson.
Nov 82,194pTR-82-146-01
Contract EPA-68-02-2547
The primary purpose of the study described in this
report was to develop a methodology for applying the
SHORTZ/LONGZ complex terrain dispersion models
to the existing and proposed SO2 sources located
within and adjacent to the Tacoma, Washington tide-
flats area. The major tasks of the study were to: (1)
review the meteorological and air quality data available
for the Tacoma area to determine the meteorological
conditions associated with the highest observed SO2
concentrations; (2) evaluate the performance of the
SHpRTZ and LONGZ models in the Tacoma area fol-
lowing procedures currently recommended by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and (3) pre-
pare a report specifying procedures for using the
SHORTZ/LONGZ models in the Tacoma area, includ-
ing source inputs, meteorological Inputs and receptor
arrays. Because of time and level-of-effort constraints
for the completion of the study, it was not possible fully
to complete all of Tasks (2) and (3). However, an inter-
im procedure for the use of the SHORTZ/LONGZ
models in the Tacoma area is presented along with
recommendations for future work to accomplish these
objectives.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Sulfur dioxide, Terrain, Meteorology,
Concentratkxi(Composrtion), Forecasting, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Air quality, 'SHORTZ model,
•LONGZ model, Tacoma(Washington).
PB83-146902 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitation*
and Standards for the Petroluem Refining Indus-
try. Rnal rept
Sobotka and Co., Inc., Washington, DC.
Nov 82,99p EPA-440/2-82-007
Contract EPA-68-01 -6341
The U.S. EPA issued effluent guidelines and limitations
for the Petroleum Refining Industry in November 1982.
This report estimates the economic impact of pollution
control costs in terms of price changes, effects on
profitability potential plant closures unemployment and
other secondary effects. A plant by plant analysis of
the 212 U.S. Refineries operating in 1976 and expect-
ed to discharge aqueous effluents in 1984 was con-
ducted to assess the impacts in the petroleum refining
industry.
Keywords: 'Economic impact 'Standards, Air pollu-
tion control, Regulations, Water pollution control, Ef-
fluents, 'Pollution control, 'Petroleum refineries.
PB83-147447 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Potential Human Study Populations for Non-Ioniz-
ing (Radio Frequency) Radiation Health Effects,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Lawrence C. Novotney, and Inara Gravitis. Dec 82,
150p EPA-600.1-82-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3470
This research project was initiated to identify potential
human populations for future epidemiotogical studies
of the health effects of radio frequency radiation.
Through a literature search and contacts with various
groups and organizations, numerous occupations and
applications of radio frequency radiation (RFR) were
identified and evaluated for their suitability for further
study. Many populations were eliminated early be-
cause then- potential exposure to RFR was too limited
or data necessary for epktemiological research were
unavailable. Eight populations were evaluated in detail
and appear to satisfy many of the criteria for epidemio-
logical research and could be useful study groups in an
investigation of the health effects of non-ionizing radi-
ation. The eight potential study populations are: RF
heat sealer operators, HF (high frequency) tube welder
operators, medical diathermy operators in Veterans
Administration hospitals, medical diathermy operators
in rehabilitation facilities, school children located near
broadcasting towers, state policemen, security guards,
and radar technicians.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Health physics, *Ra-
diofrequencies, Radiotherapy, Humans, Epidemiology,
Populations, Criteria, Evaluation, 'Nonionizing radi-
ation, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB83-147751 PC A08/MF A01
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.
Status, Trends and Implications of Carbon Fiber
Material Use. Final rept. 20 Sep 79-19 Sep 81.
-ECON, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Dec 82,160p EPA-600/2-82-103
Contract EPA-68-03-2857
This study estimates the future usage of carbon fiber
composite materials in both consumer and industrial
products, and the resultant economic impact of the
disposal of these products and industrial scrap in both
the municipal and industrial waste streams. The tech-
nical and economic substitutability of carbon fiber
composite materials for materials now in use is ana-
lyzed, and the major uses of this material forecasted.
Potential problems relating to the disposal of products
containing carbon fiber materials are analyzed, and es-
timates made of the economic impacts of the disposal
of these products for alternative scenarios that cover a
wide range of disposal technologies. The economic
impact of the disposal of products and industrial scrap
containing carbon fiber composite materials is found to
be insignificant for all of the scenarios investigated.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Composite materials,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Reinforced plastics, Trends,
Economic impact, Forecasting, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Consumer products.
PB83-147769 PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Drilling Fluid Research Activities, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Thomas W. Duke. 1982,8p EPA-600/D-82-364
Drilling-fluid related research at the U.S. EPA Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, is summa-
rized. The program is conducted primarily through con-
tracts, grants, and some inhouse projects designed to
assess the potential hazard to the marine environment
from fluids discharged in offshore oil and gas drilling
and explorations.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Water pollution, 'Mexico
Gulf, Assessments, Environmental impacts, Benthos,
Offshore drilling, Natural gas, Crude oil. Hazards.
PB83-147801 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Liner Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste
Leachate. Rnal rept. 1 Jan 76-31 Jan 81,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
Henry E. Haxo, Jr., Richard M. White, Paul D. Haxo,
and Michael A. Fong. Dec 82,188p EPA-600/2-82-
097
Contract EPA-68-03-2134
SeealsoPB-259913.
The results of the exposure testing of 65 lining and re-
lated materials to MSW leachate for periods of up to
56 months are reported. The materials include 4 admix
materials, 2 asphalt membranes, 50 commercial flexi-
ble polymeric membranes, and 9 miscellaneous mate-
rials, but exclude soils and clays. The principal thrust of
the project was to expose 12 primary liners for 12 and
56 months as barrier specimens in 24 landfill simula-
tors loaded with shredded municipal solid waste and
determined the effects of the exposures to leachate on
their properties and functioning as liners. The scope of
the project was further expanded by the immersion
testing of 28 polymeric membranes for up to 31
months at ambient temperature, testing of 14 thermo-
1416 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plastic sheetings for up to 40 weeks in a newly devel-
oped pouch test, and testing of the water absorption of
11 membranes for 43 weeks at room temperature and
70C.
Keywords: *Sewage disposal, "Linings, 'Plastics, Ex-
posure, Earth fills, Permeability, Leaching, Perform-
ance evaluation, Decomposition reactions, Solid
wastes.
PB83-147843 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants - A Compilation as of August 1,1982.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Aug 82,367p EPA-340/1 -82-006
Contract EPA-68-01 -6310
supersedes PB-288 205.
Since their inception in 1971, the National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP's)
have been expanded or revised 69 times with an addi-
tional 13 changes proposed. This document is a com-
pilation of all Federal Register activity related to the
NESHAP's since 1971 and supercedes all previous
compilations. Section I is an introduction to the stand-
ards, explaining their purpose and interpreting the
working concepts which have developed through their
implementation. Section II contains a 'quick-look' sum-
mary of each standard, including the dates of propos-
al, promulgation, and any subsequent revisions. Sec-
lion III is the complete standards with all amendments
incorporated into the material. Section IV contains the
full text of all revisions, including the preamble which
explains the rationale behind each revision. Section V
is all proposed amendments to the standards.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Standards, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Revisions, National government, 'Federal
emission standards, NESHAP regulations.
PB83-147892 PC A08/MF A01
Basic Technique and Models for Determining Ex-
posure Rates over Uranium-Bearing Soils. Final
rept,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
George V. Oksza-Chocimowski. Aug 82,160p EPA-
520/6-82-014
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The application of simple computer-implemented ana-
lytical procedures to predict exposure rates over urani-
um-bearing soil deposits is demonstrated in this report.
The method is based, conceptually, on the energy-de-
pendent point-source buildup factor and, operationally,
on two consecutive integrations. The dependence of
photon fluxes on spatial variables is simplified by an
analytical integration over the physical dimensions of
the deposit, represented as a slab bearing homogene-
ously distributed nuclkJes of the uranium-238 decay
chain, at equilibrium, and covered with a source-free
overburden slab; both slabs being of variable thick-
ness but of infinite areal extent The resultant analyti-
cal expression describes flux as function of energy-de-
pendent parameters, thickness of the source slab, and
depth of overburden, and is equated analytically to ex-
posure rates bearing the same dependence. Elemen-
tary computer techniques are then employed to inte-
grate numerically the exposure rates corresponding to
the specific energies of uranium-238 decay chain, for
chosen thicknesses of the overburden and uranium-
bearing slabs.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Radioactivity, 'Tailings, Mathemat-
ical models, Radiation hazards, Radon, Gamma rays,
Diffusion, Coverings, 'Mill tailings, Uranium mills, Ra-
dioactive waste disposal, Computer applications, Ura-
nium 238, Radiation doses.
PB83-147983 PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Physical Properties and Leach Testing of Solidi-
fied/Stabilized Industrial Wastes. Final rept Oct
74-Mar80.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Dec 82,149p EPA-600/2-82-099
Physical property and leaching tests were conducted
to assess the engineering characteristics and pollution
potential of five industrial wastes. Four solidification/
Stabilization processes which are under development
or commercially available and represent different con-
tainment philosophies, were employed to produce four
very different types of treated-waste products; one re-
sembling low-strength concrete, one a rubber-like
solid, one a solid plastic-encased block, and one a
soil-like material. Physical tests used included determi-
nation of unconfined comprehensive strength, perme-
ability, bulk density, and durability. The major environ-
mental problem posed by these industrial wastes is the
loss of inorganic constituents-heavy metals and high
salt concentrations. Leach testing was conducted
using continuous column leaching with CO2-saturated,
distilled water. A flow rate of .00001 cm/sec was main-
tained for one to two years and the leachate from each
column was collected and analyzed on a logarithmic
schedule.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Physical properties,
'Leaching, 'Solid waste disposal, Hazardous wastes,
Sludge disposal, Stability.
PB83-147991 PC A12/MF A01
Final Evaluation of Urban-Scale Photochemical
Air Quality Simulation Models,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kenneth L Schere, and Jack H. Shreffler. Dec 82,
258p EPA-600/3-82-094
The research study discussed here is a continuation of
previous work whose goal was to determine the accu-
racy of several selected urban photochemical air qual-
ity simulation models using data from the Regional Air
Pollution Study in St Louis. This work reports on the
testing of three models with a sample size of 20 days.
The models evaluated here are: The Photochemical
Box Model (PBM), The Lagrangian Photochemical
Model (LPM), and The Urban Airshed Model (UAM).
Emphasis in this report is directed at the ability of the
models to reproduce the maximum 1-hour ozone con-
centrations observed on 20 days selected from nearly
2 years of data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Urban area, 'Mathematical
models, 'Ozone, Concentration(Composition), Man-
agement planning, Graphs(Charts), 'Air quality, Re-
gional air pollution study, Photochemical box model,
Lagrangian photochemical model, Urban airshed
model.
PB83-148098 PC A12/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Experiments and Experiences In Biomanlpulation
- Studies of Biological Ways to Reduce Algal
Abundance and Eliminate Blue-Greens. Project
rept 1975-78,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Limnological Research
Center.
Joseph Shapiro, Bruce Forsberg, Vincent Lamarra,
Gunilla LJndmark, and Michael Lynch. Dec 82,259p
EPA-600/3-82/096
Grant EPA-R-803870
Studies have been done to find alternatives to restor-
ing or managing lakes by controlling external sources
of nutrients, me guiding principle has been to under-
stand and use biological interactions within lakes. This
process is called bio-manipulation and it is clear from
the results that algal abundance and type can be
varied substantially by one or more of the following
procedures: Elimination of benthivorous fish which re-
cycle phosphorus from sediments; manipulations of
algal populations by lowering pH, causing artificial cir-
culation; and increasing abundance of larger herbivo-
rous zooplankters by reducing predation on them.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Recovery, 'Lakes, Nutrients,
Phosphorus, pH, Circulation, Abundance, Fishes,
Temperature, Rotenone, Zooplankton, Experimental
data, Biomanipulation.
PB83-148106 PC A02/MF A01
Acute and Subchronlc Toxictty of Pentachloro-
benzene. Journal article,
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Under, T. Scotti, J. Goldstein, K. McElroy, and D.
Walsh. 1980,16p EPA-600/J-80-403
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 4, p183-196 1980.
Oral LD50 values for pentachlorobenzene (QCB) in
rats were 1125,1080, and 940 mg/kg for adult males,
adult females, and weaning females, respectively. The
oral LD50 values in mice were 1175 mg/kg for males
and 1370 mg/kg for females. Clinical signs of toxicity
included tremors and narcosis. Dermal application of
2500 mg/kg did not produce clinical signs in rats.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Lethal dosage, Mice, Labora-
tory animals, Concentration(Composition), Tremor,
Narcosis, Reprints, 'Benzene/pentachloro.
PB83-148114 PCA04/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Effects of Moderate Lead Exposure In
Children and Animal Models. Part 2: Animal Stud-
ies. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Robert Bornschein, Douglas Pearson, and Lawrence
Reiter. 1980, 54p EPA-600/J-80-406
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, p101-152
Dec 80. See also PB83-148122.
It is apparent that high-level lead exposure can have
serious effects on the intellectual and behavioral de-
velopment of young children. Furthermore, substantial
numbers of children are at risk for lead exposure. How-
ever, current concerns revolve more around low-level
chronic exposure than around high-level lead poison-
ing. Of particular concern are issues of quantification
of behavioral toxicity, dose-response parameters as-
sociated with toxicity, and critical periods of exposure;
i.e. what types of behavioral of intellectual deficits
occur at what levels of lead exposure during various
stages of development. The present review attempts
to organize the very large human and animal behavior-
al literature which has evolved during the past 10 to 15
years.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Psychological effects,
'Toxicology, Poisoning, Exposure, Children, Laborato-
ry animals, Reviews, Risk, Reprints, Animal models.
PB83-148122 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Effects of Moderate Lead Exposure In
Children and Animal Models. Part 1: Clinical Stud-
ies. Journal a'ticle,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Robert Bornschein, Douglas Pearson, and Lawrence
Reiter. 1980, 59p EPA-600/J-80-405
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, p43-99
Nov 80. See also PB83-148114.
The review is organized into two major sections: Part I,
a clinical review which will examine only those studies
relevant to the issue of behavioral effects resulting
from relatively low-level chronic exposure, and Part II,
a review of animal studies which will focus on behav-
ioral reports only; i.e. studies where the dependent
variable is learning, performance, or some aspect of
locomotor behavior. No attempt will be made to review
the equally large animal literature dealing with physical
development, neurochemical, electrophysiological, or
neuropathological endpoints of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), * Psychological effects,
'Toxicology, Poisoning, Exposure, Children, Laborato-
ry animals, Reviews, Risk, Reprints, Animal models.
PB83-148130 PC A02/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Study of the Chollnesterases of the Canine Pan-
creatic Sphincters and the Relationship between
Reduced Butyrylchollnesterase Activity and Pan-
creatic Ductal Hypertension. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Thomas D. Dressel, Robert L. Goodale, John W.
Bomer, and Satoshi Etani. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-
407
Grant EPA-R-806561
Pub. in Annals of Surgery 192 n5, D614-6191980.
Previous work from this laboratory revealed an in-
creased canine pancreatic intraductal pressure follow-
ing cholinesterase inhibitor intoxication. The pressure
was negatively correlated with serum butyrylcholines-
terase (BChE) activity, suggesting that BChE activity
mediated the pressure rise. This study uses a histo-
chemical technique to investigate the tissue cholines-
terase activity of the canine pancreatic sphincters and
December 1983 1417
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the effect of a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEl) on tissue
cholinesterase activity.
Keywords: 'Cholinesterase, 'Sphincters, 'Pancreas,
Inhibitors, Dogs, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Serum
buiyrylcholinesterase, Histochemistry.
PB83-148148 PC A02/MF A01
Economic Assessment of Pollution Related Cor-
rosion Damage,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fred H. Haynie. C1982,16p EPA-600/D-82-363
The importance of corrosion as a product life limiting
factor will increase with the necessity to conserve limit-
ed resources. Thus, an economic model to assess pol-
lution related corrosion costs becomes a useful deci-
sion tool. Physical damage, geographic distribution,
maintenance, replacement, substitution, and value lost
due to decreased utility or appearances are incorporat-
ed into this model. These interrelated factors are sub-
ject to individual decisions, which can be assumed in
calculating best, worst, and most likely cases for differ-
ent pollution levels.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, 'Zinc coatings, 'Economic
analysis, Assessments, Air pollution, Protective coat-
ings. Power transmission towers, Structural steels,
Service life, Steels, Mathematical models.
PM3-14aiSS PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clndnnati,
OH.
Removal of Toxic Metals In Electroplating Wash
Water by A Donnan Dialysis Process. Final rept.
Apr80-Jun82,
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
Henry F. Hamil. Dec 82,39p EPA-600/12-82-098
A program was conducted to develop anion-exchange
membranes to be used in the removal of copper, cad-
mium, and zinc, as their complex cyanide anions, from
cyanide process electroplating wash waters by a
Donnan dialysis process. For these laboratory studies,
simulated wash waters prepared by diluting electro-
plating bath solutions to the desired metal content
woro utilized.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Electroplating,
'Metals, Ion exchanging, Dialysis, Laboratory equip-
ment, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, 'Donnan dialysis proc-
PBS3-148189 PC A07/MF A01
Benomyl/Thiophanate-Methyl Position Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Oct82.146p EPA-540/9-82-017
This document details the final determination regard-
ing the Rebuttabte Presumption Against Registration
against Berxxnyl/Thnohenate-metnyL This document
contains New Information and Revisions to the Risk
Analysts; Qualitative Benefits Analysis; Analysis of
Comments.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Toxicology, Reg-
ulations, Exposure, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Risk, Mutagens, Toxicrty, 'Benomyl, 'Thiophanate/
methyl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and RodentkxJe
Act, Benarrudazote carbarmc acict/methyHbuty/car-
bamoyi), Mutagenesis, Teratogenesis, Health risks,
Sparmatogenesis, Oncogenesis.
PBS3-14C361 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Tax Considerations Related to the Creation, Fi-
nancing, Banidna Use and Dtoposttton of ERGS In
Controfad Tradfctg Approaches to Air Potation.
Final rept,
tCF, Inc., Washington. DC.
E. P. Baker, and Peter H. Winstow. Jan 82,86p EPA-
230/01-82-001
Contract EPA-68-01 -5845
See also PB81-214249. Prepared in cooperation with
Scribner, Hall, Thomburg and Thompson, Washington,
DC.
Emissions trading, under the Clean Air Act, includes
bubbles, netting, emission offsets, emission reduction
banking, and is the subject of an EPA proposed Policy
Statement (47 Fed. Reg. 15076, Apr. 7,1982). These
alternatives involve the creation of surplus reductions
at certain stacks or vents and use of these reductions
to meet requirements applicable to other emission
sources. Emissions trades can provide more flexibility,
and may therefore be used to reduce control costs, en-
courage faster compliance and free scarce capital for
industrial revitalization. This paper discusses tax con-
siderations regarding the currency of emissions trad-
ing, the Emission Reduction Credit, or ERC. Major
issues include: (1) tax benefits available to a firm creat-
ing an ERC, (2) financing issues, (3) tax attributes of an
ERC, and (4) ERC sales and option transactions. Like
most business and financial activity, ERC transactions
turn substantially on tax issues. The study includes
issues raised by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of
1981.
Keywords; 'Air pollution, Taxes, Financing, Sales,
•Emission reduction credit 'Clean Air Act 'Tax cred-
its.
PB83-148379 PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effect of Trace Metals and Sulttte Oxidation of
Adlpte Add Degradation In FOD Systems. Final
rept Dec 81-May 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. B. Jarvis, J. C. Terry, S. A. Schubert and B. L Utley.
Dec 82,186p EPA-600/7-82-067
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of the measurement of the
adipic add degradation rate In a bench-scale flue gas
desulfurtzation (FGD) system, designed to simulate
many of the important aspects of full-scale FGD sys-
tems. Results show that the adipic acid degradation
rate depends on the sulftte oxidation rate, the adipic
add concentration, the presence of manganese In so-
lution, and temperature. The degradation rate is also
affected by pH, but only when manganese Is present.
Adipic acid degradation products identified in the liquid
phase include valeric, butyric, propionic, succinic, and
glutaric acids. When manganese was present the pre-
dominant degradation products were succinic and glu-
taric acids. Analysis of solids from the bench scale
tests shows large concentrations of copreciprtated
adipic acid in low oxidation sulfite solids. By contrast,
low quantities of coprecipitated adipic acid were found
in high oxidation gypsum solids.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Adipic
acids, 'Degradation, 'Metals, Rue gases. Trace ele-
ments, Laboratory equipment, Manganese, Sampling,
Additives, Scrubbers, pH, Rue gas desutfurization.
PB83-14S478 PC A02/MF A01
Evolution of State Codes and Their Implications.
Final rept Jul-Aug 82,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James F. Kreissl. 1982,19p EPA-600/D-82/365
The paper reviews four surveys of state onsite sewage
disposal regulations from 1949 to 1980 and identifies
the changes and trends of these changes. The physi-
cal meaning of various state regulatory requirements
are analyzed against the present scientific knowledge.
The primary conclusions are that a wide variability
exists between state codes, more flexible codes with
better trained staffs are more effective, and overiy re-
strictive codes cannot substitute for unskilled person-
nel.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Sewage disposal,
States(United States), Soils, Adsorption, Septic tanks,
Freezing, Ground water, Water pollution, Percolation.
PB83-149486
PC A05/MF A01
Needs Survey (1982): Cost Estimates for Con-
struction of PubNcty-Owned Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
31 Dec 82, 94p* EPA-430/9-82-009
The 1982 Needs Survey has been completed in com-
pliance with Sections 20S(a) and 516(b) (1) of the
Clean Water Act (CWO). It provides the best estimate
available of the nationwide costs of compliance with
the goate of the 1981 Construction Grant Amendments
to the Act. This survey modifies and updates the com-
prehensive cost estimates of the previous five surveys
for constructing all grant-eligible municipal treatment
works needed by existing and future populations.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates, Sewage treatment, Sur-
veys, Revisions, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Assess-
ments, Comparison, 'Publicly owned wastewater
treatment, Clean Water Act.
PB83-148S02 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Adsorption Properties of Silica-
lite for Potential Application to Isolating Polar
Low-Molecular-Weight Organic* from Drinking
Water. Summary rept. Sep 80-Sep 81,
Ames Lab., IA.
Colin D. Chriswell, Douglas T. Gjerde, Gerda Shultz-
Sibbel, James S. Fritz, and Ikue Ogawa. Jan 83,31 p
EPA-600/1-83-001
Contract EPA-68-03-2974
Because of their high affinity for water, low-molecular
weight polar organic compounds are difficult to isolate
from drinking water as a prelude to their identification
and determination. Conventional isolation techniques
such as solvent extraction, adsorption, gas purging
and reverse osmosis yield only low recoveries when
applied to small molecules with water-like chemical
and physical properties. In this work the chemical and
physical properties of the adsorbent known as Silica-
lite were explored, the characteristics of the molecular
sieve for accumulating analytes from aqueous and
from gaseous streams were elucidated, techniques
were developed for recovering adsorbed organic ma-
terials from the molecular sieve adsorbent, and an an-
alytical protocol was developed for determining low-
molecular weight analytes such as dichloroacetonitrile
in standard samples. When the procedure was opti-
mized for the determination of dichloroacetonitrile,
quantitative recoveries were obtained on standard
samples.
Keywords: 'Water treatment 'Organic compounds,
'Adsorption, Potable water, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Separation, 'Silicalite.
PB83-148510 Mag Tape (Lease Only)
CIS: Chemical Information System. Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Feb 82, mag tape EPA/DF-83/002
The system implementation is divided between a DEC
System-20 operating under TOPS-20 and an IBM 370/
168 operating under OS/MVS. The source code is
both Fortran and assembly language. Call NTIS Com-
puter Products for availability information.
This product is comprised of the source code for both
the online retrieval software and the data base proc-
essing and generation software for many of the NIH/
EPA CIS (Chemical Information System) components.
Software for the CIS Chemical Registry System is also
included. All of the retrieval software has been oper-
ational on a DECsystem-20 computer facility under the
TOPS-20 operating system; the source code for this
software is included on a single reel of magnetic tape.
For some of the CIS components, the data base proc-
essing and generation software is, however, oper-
ational on a large scale IBM 370 computer facility. The
source code for this software is included on a second
reel of magnetic tape. Source code for the following
CIS components are included on these files; a directo-
ry for each of the tapes is available as supplementary
documentation.,,Software Description: The system im-
plementation is divided between a DEC system-20 op-
erating under TOPS-20 and an IBM 370/168 operating
under OS/MVS. The source code is both Fortran and
Assembly language.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Information systems, 'Chemi-
cal analysis, Assembly languages, Fortran, Magnetic
tapes, 'Environmental protection, DEC system -20
computers, fBM-370/168 computers.
PB83-149088 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Determination of Explosion Venting Require-
ments for Municipal Solid Waste Shredders. Final
reptSep79-Sep81,
Factory Mutual Research Corp., Norwood, MA.
1418 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Robert G. Zalosh, and John P. Coll. Dec 82,57p EPA-
600/2-82-102
Contract EPA-68-03-2880
A gas explosion test program has been conducted in a
realistic full-scale mock-up of a municipal solid waste
shredder. The 2200-cubic feet mock-up simulates a
horizontal-shaft hammermill (including rotating shaft,
discs, and hammers, but without trash) with a large in-
clined feed hood. Varying amounts of propane have
been injected into the shredder and the resulting gas
concentrations generated by rotor-induced mixing
have been measured. Eight propane explosion tests
have also been conducted with varying volumes of
near-stoichiometric propane-air mixtures and various
hammermill shaft speeds. Test results indicate that
venting through the top of the shredder effectively
keeps pressures under 6 psig (41 kPa) at shredder
shaft speeds of 250-660 rpm and 16 hammers, but
allows pressures to reach 10-15 psig (69-103 kPa) at a
shaft speed of 900 rpm with 48 hammers.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Shredders, 'Explosion-
proofing, Flammable gases, Venting, Structural
design, 'Solid wastes.
PB83-149120 PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Kalthan« and Pydrln on Early Ufa
Stag** of Fathead Minnow* (Plmephales proms-
las) and Amphlpoda (Hyaltlla aztaca),
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
R. L Spehar, D. K. Tanner, and J. H. Gibson. 1982,
13DEPA-600/D-82-361
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment
Conference (5th), ASTM STP 766, p234-2441962.
Embryonic, larval and early juvenile stages of fathead
minnows (Pimephalas promelas) and juvenile amphi-
pods (Hyalella azteca) were exposed to Kelthane, and
fathead minnows were exposed to Pydrin in a small
serf-contained continuous-flow diluter system for ap-
proximately 30 days. Survival of the newly hatched
larvae was found to be the most sensitive measure of
the effect on fathead minnows of both pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Fishes, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Kelthane, 'Pydrin, Fathead minnows, Pime-
phales promelas, Amphipods, Hyalella azteca, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-149302 PC A02/MF A01
Correlation of Effects of Inhaled Versus Intratra-
cheally Injected Metals on Susceptibility to Respi-
ratory Infection in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gary E. Hatch, Ralph Slade, Elizabeth Boykin, Ping C.
Hu, and Frederick J. Miller. 7 Apr 81, 9p
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v124 n2 p167-173 1981 .Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Effects of intratracheally administered air pollutant
chemicals on susceptibility of mice to infection by
aerosolized bacteria were compared with effects of
the same chemicals previously studied by the inhala-
tion route. Out of 22 compounds previously studied by
inhalation, the same 3 that caused significantly in-
creased mortality because of infection after a 3-h ex-
posure to 1 to 2 mg/cu. m. snowed large mortality in-
creases when administered by intratracheal injection
at lung concentrations calculated to be equivalent to
those achieved during inhalation exposures.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Toxicology, 'Respiratory diseas-
es, Bacteria, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Tolerances(Physk)logy), Respiration, Mortality, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-149310 PC A02/MF A01
Reduced Weight in Mice Offspring After In Utero
Exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) Microwaves. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Ezra Berman, Hershell B. Carter, and Dennis House.
30 Nov 81, 9p EPA-600/J-82-183
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 3, p285-291 1982.
Time-bred CD-1 mice (100) were sham-irradiated or ir-
radiated with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 28 mW/
sq. cm. for 100 minutes daily from the 6th through 17th
day of gestation. The offspring were examined either
as fetuses after hysterotomy on the 18th day of gesta-
tion or as naturally born neonates on the 1st and 7th
day of age. Fetuses of half of the dams were examined
on the 18th day of gestation. The incidence of preg-
nancy and the numbers of live, dead, resorbed, and
total fetuses were similar in both groups. The mean
weight was significantly lower in live microwave-irradi-
ated fetuses, and ossification of sternal centers was
significantly delayed. In the offspring that were born
naturally, the mean weight of microwave-irradiated 7-
day-old suckling mice was significantly lower (10%)
than that of the sham-irradiated group.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Embryos,
Exposure, Mice, Body weight, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints.
PB83-149328 PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenlc and Carcinogenic Potency of Extract*
of Diesel and Related Environmental Emissions:
Summary and Discussion of the Results. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Stephen Nesnow, and Joellen Lewtas. 1961, 7p EPA-
600/J-81-605
Pub. in Environment International 5, p425-429 1981.
The proposed conversion from gasoline powered
automobiles to diesel powered vehicles has prompted
the Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate the
potential health effects associated with exposure to
diesel emissions. At present, there is no direct epide-
miological link between this exposure and human
health. Therefore, a research program was construct-
ed to compare the health effects associated with
diesel emissions with those from other emission
sources for which epidemiological information was
available. The emission sources chosen were ciga-
rette smoke, roofing tar, and coke oven. An additional
compantive emission source which was evaluated was
a gasoline catalyst engine. Respirable particles from a
variety of combustion sources have the potential of
being carcinogenic and mutagenic. The objective of
these studies was to determine the relative biological
activity of the organic material adsorbed on these par-
ticles in both In vitro mutagenesis and In Vitro and In
Vivo carcinogenesis bioassays.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Bioas-
say, Exposure, Epidemiology, Reprints, Mutagenesis,
Carcinogenesis, 'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-149336 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Factors Determining Degree of Inflation in Intra-
tracheally Fixed Rat Lungs. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Medicine.
Gholamhossain Hayatdavoudi, James D. Crapo, Fred
J. Miller, and John J. O'Neil. 1980,7p EPA-600/J-80-
404
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Envi-
ronmental and Exercise Physiology 48, n2 p389-393
1980.
The total lung capacity (TLC) of rats was measured in
vivo and was compared to the displacement volume of
the lungs following intratracheal fixation with glutaral-
dehyde or formaldehyde solution. When glutaralde-
hyde was used the speed of infusion of the fixative was
an important factor in the final degree of lung inflation
achieved. With a low rate of fixative infusion and a final
pressure of 20 cm of fixative the glutaraldehyde-fixed
lungs inflated to 55% TLC. With a high initial flow of
glutaraldehyde and a final pressure of 20 cm of fixative
the lungs inflated to 84% TLC. Fixation of lungs inside
the intact chest wall was found to result in a higher
degree of inflation. With a reservoir height of 20 cm
and a low rate of fixative infusion lungs fixed in situ
reached 74% TLC, whereas lungs fixed in situ, but
from animals that have been exsanguinated prior to
fixation, inflated to only 58% TLC.
Keywords: Formaldehyde, Capacity, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, *Lung function tests, Glutaralde-
hyde, 'Inflation.
PB83-149377 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Factors Influencing Metal Accumulation by Algae.
Final rept. Sep 76-Jan 79,
Syracuse Univ., NY.
J. Charles Jennett, J. E. Smith, and J. M. Hassett Dec
82,133p EPA/600/2-82-100
Grant EPA-R-804734
Shallow beds of algae (algal meanders) have proved
to be highly effective at removing heavy metals and or-
ganometallics from lead-zinc mine and mill wastes. A
research program was initiated (1) to determine condi-
tions under which algae were most effective at con-
centrating significant quantities of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni,
Pb, or Zn, and (2) to apply the meander technology to
new types of wastewater-metal problems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control. 'Metal containing
organic compounds, 'Algae, Mines(Excavations),
Technology, Performance evaluation, 'Heavy metals.
PB83-149419 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ferrous Foundry Inspection Guide. Final rept. Jan
81-Jan 82,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO,
R. Shah, and A. Trenholm. Jan 82,117p EPA-340/1-
81-005
Contract EPA-68-01-6314
This inspection guide has bean written and organized
for use by state and local enforcement field inspectors
and entry-level engineers whose familiarity with found-
ry operations may be limited. It describes ferrous
foundry processes and emissions control systems. It
explains in layman's terms foundry emission problems
and causes. It details step-by-step inspection proce-
dures for process and control equipment, and is sup-
plemented by inspection checklists. Health and safety
guidelines for foundry inspectors are also listed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Inspec-
tion, 'Guidelines, State government, Foundries,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Equipment,
Safety engineering. Occupational safety and health,
Procedures.
PB83-149534 PC A04/MF A01
Public Opinion Polls for Inspection and Mainte-
nance Programs: Some Technical Considerations.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
Rocco DePietro. 15 Jan 82,61 p EPA-AA-IMS-82-1
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The purpose of this report is to provide state and local
governments with information that can be used in the
planning and implementation of public opinion polls,
especially those with respect to inspection and mainte-
nance (I/M) programs.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Inspection, 'Mainte-
nance, 'Public opinion, Attitude surveys, Question-
naires, Air pollution control, Citizen participation,
Guidelines.
PB83-149575 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (3rd).
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Jul82,1810p-in4v
Set includes PB83-149583 through PB83-149617. See
also PB81-122202.
No abstract available.
PB83-149583 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (3rd): Volume I. Con-
trol of Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F P Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and M. Durham. Jul 82,
391 p EPA-600/9-82-005A
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 2, PB83-149591.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
149575.
December 1983 1419
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The proceedings document the Third Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control
Technology, in Orlando, FL, March 9-13,1981, spon-
sored by vie Paniculate Technology Branch of EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. The symposium brought to-
gether researchers, manufacturers, users, government
agencies, educators, and students to discuss new
technology and provided an effective means for the
transfer of this technology into the hands of the users.
The three major categories of control technologies-
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were the major concern of the symposium. These
technologies were discussed from the perspectives of
economics, new technical advancements in science
and engineering, and applications. Several papers
dealt with combinations of devices and technologies,
loading to a concept of using a systems approach to
paniculate control rather than device control. Addition-
al topic areas included novel control devices, high tem-
perature/high pressure applications, fugitive emis-
sions, and measurement techniques. Each of the four
volumes, containing a set of related session topics,
provides easy acc»ss to a unified technology area-
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
•Meetings, 'Boilers, Technology, Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Scrubbers, Air filters, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Performance evaluation, Econom-
ics, Sulfur dioxide, Fabric filters.
PB83-149591 PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium en the Transfer and Utttaatton of Par-
tteutot* Control Technology (3rd): Volume II. Etoe-
trostaticPrecipttators,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
F. P. VendHtL J. A. Armstrong, and M. Durham. Jul 82,
465p EPA-600/9-82-005B
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 1, PB83-149583, and Volume 3,
PB83-149609.
Abo available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
149575.
The proceedings document the Third Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control
Technology, in Orlando, FL, March 9-13, 1981, spon-
sored by the Particuiate Technology Branch of EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. The symposium brought to-
agencies, educators, and students to discuss new
technology and provided an effective means for the
transfer of this technology into the hands of the users.
The three major categories of control technotogies-
etectrostatJc precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
lers-were the major concern of the symposium. This
volume dtecusses electrostatic precipitators.
: *A> pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
\, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Mathematical
models, "Industrial wastes. Combustion products. Per-
formance evaluation, Design critera. Technology.
PM3-14M09 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and UUUatlon of Par-
IteuM* Control Technolgoy (3rd): Volum* III. Par-
Ucutato Control Devices,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
F. P. Veodrrtt, J. A. Armstrong, and M. Durham. Jul 82,
511p EPA-600/9-82-005C
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 2, PB83-149591, and Volume 4,
PB83-149617.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
149575.
The proceetSngs document the Third Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control
Technology, in Orlando, FL, March 9-13. 1981, spon-
sored by the Paniculate Technology Branch of EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory. Re-
search Triangle Partc, NC. The symposium brought to-
gether researchers, manufacturers, users, government
agencies, educators, and students to discuss new
technology and provided an effective means for the
transfer of this technology into the hands of the users.
The three major categories of control technologies-
oloctroatatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were the major concern of the symposium. This
volume discusses particle control devices.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Meetings, Scrubbers, Air filters. Industrial wastes.
Combustion products. Cyclone separators, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Technology, Fabric
filters, Granular bed filters.
PB83-149617 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticuiate Control Technology (3rd): Volume IV.
Atypical Applications,
Denver Research Inst, CO.
F. P. Vendrtti, J. A. Armstrong, and M. Durham. Jul 82,
443p EPA-600/9-82-005D
Grant EPA-R-805725
See also Volume 3, PB83-149609.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC £99, PB83-
149575.
The proceedings document the Third Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Paniculate Control
Technology, in Orlando, FL, March 9-13, 1981, spon-
sored by the Particuiate Technology Branch of EPA's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. The symposium brought to-
gether researchers, manufacturers, users, government
agencies, educators, and students to discuss new
technology and provided an effective means for the
transfer of this technology into the hands of the users.
The three major categories of control technologies-
electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and fabric fil-
ters-were the major concern of the symposium. This
volume contains other applications in particle control.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
High temperature tests, Technology, Design criteria,
FMdized bed processing, Roads, Cyclone separators,
Opacity, Exhaust emissions, Motor vehicles, Fugitive
emissions. Emission factors, Diesel engine exhaust
PB83-150417 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of I/M (Inspection and Maintenance)
E f fsctlvoooss UsinQ Emission F&ctors Dstai Pho0-
nix vs. Other Low-Attitude, Non-CaHfomia Sites.
Technical rent,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Staff.
James Rutherford. Oct 81,23p EPA-AA-IMS-81-23
This report summarizes an analysis of Emission Fac-
tors (EF) Test Data which is directed toward estimating
the impact of Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) pro-
grams on reducing emissions from in-use light-duty ve-
hicles in Phoenix, Arizona. Model years 1972-1978
light duty passenger cars were used in this analysis.
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) test data from four tow-
altitude, non-California cities in the program were Chi-
cago, Houston, St Louis and Washington, D.C. The
four cities were compared to Phoenix, Arizona to
evaluate the effectiveness of Inspection and Mainte-
nance.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions. In-
spection, Maintenance, Air pollution control, 'Light
duty vehicles.
PB83-150508 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Flow Reduction: Developing a PubHc Information
Program. Final rept
INTASA. Inc., Mento Park, CA.
Mar82,120p
Contract EPA-68-01-6052
The report pertains to wastewater flow reduction anal-
ysis and program planning. With increasing numbers of
communities becoming interested in the potential ben-
efits of flow reduction, and with the introduction of flow
reduction analysis requirements into the treatment fa-
cilities planning (Step 1) phase of EPA's Construction
Grants Program, a need was felt to provide guidance
on flow reduction analysis procedures and on develop-
ing community programs.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Information systems, Row
rate, Publicity, Project planning.
PB83-150573 PC A03/MF A01
Regional Workshops on Air Quality Modeling: A
Summary Report Rept. for 1979-82.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Apr 81,44p EPA-450/4-82-015
The requirements placed on air quality control agen-
cies by the Clean Air Act have dramatically increased
the need for improved air quality modeling. The result-
ing increase in the use of models has also led to a sub-
stantial increase in the number and complexity of situ-
ations in which models are employed. The modeling
guideline (Guideline on Air Quality Models, EPA-450/
2-78-027, April 1978) addresses many of the problems
in this relatively new and growing field, but much is left
to the discretion of the reviewing agency since many
complex problems are best solved on a case-by-case
basis. However, because of the variety of technically
correct solutions to any complex problem, different ap-
proaches with differing results have led to inconsisten-
cy in model applications from Region to Region. In an
effort to improve consistency several workshops were
held to provide a forum for the Regional Office and
Headquarters groups to discuss common problem
areas and arrive at generally acceptable solutions.
Many recommendations were made in the course of
the workshops. These were reviewed by OAQPS and
some have necessarily been modified and supple-
mented to ensure consistency with other modeling
policies. This report clarifies preferred data bases and
procedures for the application of specific models and
modeling techniques in situations where the guideline
permits a case-by-case analysis.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Ter-
rain, Exhaust emissions. Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air quality.
PB83-150672 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity
from Aluminum and Copper Facilities. Rept. no. 6
(Final),
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Vemon E. Andrews. Noy 82,37p EPA-520/6-82-018
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science
Inc., and PEDCo Environmental Inc. See also PB81-
187742, and rept no. 4, PB83-150698.
This report summarizes five surveys which were con-
ducted at a Bauxite mining operation, an Alumina re-
duction plant, an Aluminum reduction plant an under-
ground Copper mine and mill, and an open pit Copper
mine and concentrator. Process components and con-
trolled source releases were sampled for naturally oc-
curring radioactivity. Particular emphasis was given to
Radon-222, Lead-210, and Polonium-210 emissions
from crushing and drying processes.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Airborne wastes,
'Industrial plants, 'Aluminum, 'Copper, 'Mills, Under-
ground mining, Tailings, Bauxite, Aluminum oxide, Po-
lonium 210, Radon 222, Lead 210.
PB83-150680
PC A03/MF A01
Emissions of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity:
Underground Zinc Mine and Mill. Rept no. 2 (Final),
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Vemon E. Andrews. Nov 82,33p EPA-520/6-82-020
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science Inc.
See also rept no. 6, PB83-150672.
Atmospheric emissions of naturally occurring radioac-
tivity were measured from an underground zinc mine
and mill. The only significant radioactive emission from
the mine or mill was radon-222. An estimated 230
curies of radon-222 is released annually from the mine.
The primary source of radon is believed to be the high
influx of water which is pumped from the mine at the
rate of 110 cubic meters per minute.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Airborne wastes,
'Zinc, 'Mills, Underground mining, Tailings, Benefioia-
tion, Pennsylvania, Radon 222, Mill tailings, Friedens-
ville, Pennsylvania.
PB83-150698 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity:
Monsanto Elemental Phosphorus Plant Rept no.
4,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Vemon E. Andrews. Nov 82,36p EPA-520/6-82-021
1420 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science Inc.
See also rept. no. 2, PB83-150680.
Naturally occurring radioactivity was measured in the
atmospheric emissions and process materials of a
thermal phosphate (elemental phosphorus) plant.
Representative exhaust stack samples were collected
from each process in the plant, the phosphate ore
contained 12 to 20 parts per million uranium. Process-
es, emission points, and emission controls are de-
scribed. Radioactivity concentrations and emission
rates from the sources sampled are given.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Airborne wastes,
'Industrial plants, Polonium 210, Tennessee, 'Phos-
phates, ColumbiafTennessee), Lead 210, Radon 222,
Monsanto Company Plant.
PB83-150888 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Laboratory Protocols for Evaluating the Fate of
Organic Chemicals in Air and Water. Final rept.,
Jun 77-Jan 80,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
T. Mill, W. R. Mabey, D. C. Bomberger, T. -W. Chou,
and D. G. Hendry. Jul 82, 338p EPA-600/3-82-022
Contract EPA-68-03-2227
Laboratory test procedures (or protocols) have been
developed to provide data useful in evaluating the en-
vironmental fate of organic compounds in natural
aquatic systems and in the atmosphere. Screening-
level protocols are described to estimate rate con-
stants for hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation, biotransfor-
mation, and volatilization processes in natural aquatic
systems; a screening protocol for measurement of par-
tition coefficients for sorption of organic chemicals to
sediments is also described. Detailed test protocols
have been developed for the hydrolysis, photolysis,
volatilization, and sediment-sorption processes to
obtain more accurate and precise data for use in envi-
ronmental assessments applied to aquatic systems.
Screening and detailed test protocols are described
for estimating rate constants for the atmospheric pho-
tolysis and oxidation of organic compounds. For each
process, the theory and the present state of knowl-
edge regarding the environment are reviewed, and
some common methods currently in use are critically
evaluated.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, "Water analysis, 'Organic
compounds, 'Reaction kinetics, Hydrolysis, Photoly-
sis, Oxidation, Vaporizing, Sorption, Sediments, Labo-
ratory equipment, Chemical analysis, Chemical reac-
tions, 'Path of the pollutants, 'Air pollution detection,
•Water pollution detection, Biological processes, Nu-
merical solution.
PB83-151712 PC A02/MF A01
Increasing the Usefulness of Acute Toxicity
Tests,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan. 1982, 15p EPA-600/D-82-362
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment
Conference (5th), ASTM STP 766, p69-81 1982.
The conceptually and practically simple acute toxicity
test provides information that is useful in the protection
of aquatic life from pollution. Standardization in-
creases the usefulness of routine acute tests by in-
creasing their quality and comparability and allowing
the study of various aspects of acute toxicity. For ex-
ample, available data show that for certain materials
some species of aquatic animals are at least 5,000
times more acutely sensitive than other species,
whereas for other materials the range of acute sensi-
tivity is less than a factor of 50. Various theoretical in-
terpretations of the relationship of toxicity to time
within a test have been proposed to improve the use-
fulness of the acute test, but such theories have not
been supported by adequate pertinent data. The use-
fulness of routine acute toxicity tests can be increased,
however, by basing the results not on one effect or an-
other but on a combination of all severe adverse ef-
fects, such as death, immobilization, and loss of equi-
librium.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Water analysis, Aquatic ani-
mals, Bioassay, Tests, Hazards, Assessments, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-151753 PCA03/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental Investigations of Fine Particle
Charging by Unipolar Ions: A Review. Journal arti-
cle,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. B. Smith, L. G. Felix, D. H. Hussey, D. H. Pontius,
and L E. Sparks. 11 Jul 77,26p EPA-600/J-78-196
Contract EPA-68-02-1490
Pub. in Jnl. of Aerosol Science, v9 p101 -124 1978.
The paper gives results of a study relating experimen-
tal data to many theories that have been offered in at-
tempts to describe accurately the rate of charge accu-
mulation of fine particles in a unipolar field. The data
are reviewed and compiled, and additional particle
charging experiments done to extend the quantity of
data. Before this study, most experimental data avail-
able for comparison with particle charging theories
was contained in a 1957 paper by G. Hewitt. A limited
amount of data is also given which shows the impor-
tant effects on the charging rate of variations in the
particle dielectric constant and the polarity of the
corona ion source.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Air pollution, 'Charging, Particles,
Polarity, Ions, Dielectric properties, Repnnts.
PB83-151761 PC A02/MF A01
Index to Evaluate Lake Restoration. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Donald B. Porcella, Spencer A. Peterson, and David P.
Larsen. 1980,21 p EPA-600/J-80-402
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
ASCE, v106 nEE6, Proc. paper 15893, p1151-1169
Dec 80.
A lake evaluation index (LEI) is proposed to express
the overall quality of lake water based on a mathemati-
cal combination of the commonly measured limnologi-
cal variables total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chloro-
phyll, Seccni depth, dissolved oxygen, and macro-
phyte coverage. Values used in the LEI are averages
for the July-August period. Macrophyte coverage is ex-
pressed as the percent of the area which could poten-
tially be occupied actually. The LEI was developed to
express the overall change in water quality that might
occur when lakes are restored and to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of various treatment methods for a wide
variety of lakes.
Keywords: 'Renovating, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Evaluation, Limnology, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Chloro-
phylls, Transparence, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Aquatic plants, Mathematical prediction, Reprints.
PB83-151837 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continuous Emmlssion Monitoring at the George-
town University Fluidized-Bed Boiler. Final rept.
Aug 80-Feb 81
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Charles W. Young, Edward F. Peduto, Peter H.
Anderson, and Paul F. Fennelly. Apr 81,172p EPA-
600/13-81-078
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
The report gives results of a continuous emission mon-
itoring program for SO2, NOx, and paniculate matter at
Georgetown University's 100,000 Ib steam/hr fluid-
ized-bed boiler, to assess emissions control perform-
ance. Because the system was still in an extended
shakedown phase, several key operating conditions
(e.g., level of excess air, percent flyash recycle) were
not operating in the intended design range. Implemen-
tation of recommendations resulting from the program
are in most cases complete or in progress, and are
leading to improved emission performance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fluidized bed proc-
essors, 'Boilers, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Performance evaluation, Monitoring, Design cri-
teria, Revisions, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Georgetown University.
PB83-151845 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trihalomethane Removal by Coagulation Tech-
niques in a Softening Process. Final rept. Oct 80-
Jul 82,
Daytona Beach, FL.
J. C. Thurrott, H. Zwart-Duryea, J. R. Sloane, and D.
Williamson. Jan 83,89p EPA-600/2-83-003
Contract EPA-CR-807426
Prepared in cooperation with Russell and Axon, Dayto-
na Beach, FL., and Environmental Science and Engi-
neering, Inc., Gainsville, FL.
Experimental work was conducted on both bench and
pilot scale at the Daytona Beach Ralph F. Brennan
water treatment plant to determine what combinations
of coagulants and water pH could best remove trihalo-
methane precursor materials. The following conditions
were evaluated with lime softening: Coagulation with:
clay plus a cationic polymer, alum plus a non-ionic
polymer, alum plus low pH, alum plus high pH, and ex-
perimental polymeric coagulant. A two-stage coagula-
tion process, alum added at low pH (ca. 5.0) followed
by settling, softening, and settling again, showed a
slight improvement in precursor removal over single-
step coagulation and over softening followed by low
pH coagulation. Pilot scale performance (i.e. quality of
finished water) tended to be poorer than full scale be-
cause of no sludge recirculation.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Disinfectants, 'Coagulation, 'Softening, Po-
table water, Chlorine organic compounds, Perform-
ance evaluation, pH, Pilot plants.
PB83-151894 PC A07/MF A01
Water Resource Data and Preliminary Trend Anal-
ysis for the Highland Silver Lake Monitoring and
Evaluation Project, Madison County, Illinois,
Phase 1,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport, and Martin H. Kelly. Nov82,
139plEPA/WPC/82-OlO
This report is a product of Comprehensive Monitoring
and Evaluation Program for Highland Silver Lake Wa-
tershed. The purpose of this report is to present and
briefly interpret trends in water quality data collected
from project inception thru March 31, 1982 as part of
the Highland Silver Lake project. The primary purpose
of this monitoring and evaluation project is to deter-
mine the impacts of the Rural Clean Water Project on
the water resources of the watershed.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Nutrients, 'Lakes, 'Water
pollution, Runoff, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Metals, Tur-
bidity, Caliform bacteria, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Temperature, Chlorophylls, pH, Illinois, 'Agricultural
watersheds, 'Water quality data, Madison
County(lllinois), Highland Silver Lake Project.
PB83-151993 PC A03/MF A01
Utility of Toxicity Tests to Measure Effects of
Substances on Marine Organisms,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
David J. Hansen. 1982,37p EPA-600/D-82-359
Toxicrty tests using single species, microcosms, and
communities of test species are described for labora-
tory evaluations of marine (estuarine and oceanic) pol-
lution effects. The design of acute, early life-stage, life-
cycle, and community toxicity tests is discussed. Uses
of test data, sources of variability, species amenable to
testing, and availability of standardized methods are
defined.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Indicator species,
Evaluation, Marine biology, Estuaries, Design, Tests,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Bioindicators, Toxic
substances.
PB83-152009 PC A02/MF A01
Corrosion Control - Why the Laboratory Needs to
be Involved,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gary S. Logsdon. 1982,9p EPA-600/D-82-358
The investment made in water distribution system
piping and service lines and in building plumbing totals
many billions of dollars. The decay and disintegration
of America's public works facilities is a popular topic
now. Although the situation may not be so drastic for
December 1983 1421
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water utilities as it is for roads and bridges, water utili-
ties must not neglect their investment Corrosion con-
trol can prolong the life of water mains and plumbing.
The water utility laboratory has a key role in testing
water quality to assess its corrosive nature, in evaluat-
ing pipes and plumbing for effects of corrosion, in test-
ing corrosion control strategies for their efficacy, and in
monitoring the dose of corrosion inhibitor applied to
the water in a corrosion control program. The laborato-
ry analyst is encouraged to recognize this role and to
be active in promoting corrosion control.
Keywords: 'Corrosion prevention, 'Water pipes, Cor-
rosion, Control, Laboratories.
PB83-152157 PC A02/MF A01
Critical Elements for Certification,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Harry D. Nash. 1983,7p EPA-600/D-83-004.
The Microbiology Subcommittee of the Drinking Water
Laboratory Certification Implementation Work Group
has revised Chapter V of the Manual for the Interim
Certification of Laboratories Involved in Analyzing
Public Drinking Water Supplies. The technical criteria
for Chapter V are divided into two sections, Critical Ele-
ments and Recommended Practices. Only the Critical
Elements will be used to determine certification status.
Critical Elements and Recommended Practices are
described and discussed.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Potable water, 'Certification,
•Drinking water.
PB83-152165 PC A03/MF A01
Characterization of Unclassified Nonfermentative
Gram Negative Bacteria m Drinking Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.^^
Donald F. Spino. 1983,27p EPA-600/D-83-003
The group of bacteria most frequently encountered in
water distribution systems consists of nonfermentative
gram negative rods. Only a small percentage of these
bacteria are identifiable using commerciaHy prepared
kits or other identification keys because many isolates
faS to grow in conventional media used for biochemical
characterization. In this study, modified base media
were developed and used with specific substrates to
detect enzymatic activity. The use of the modffied base
medfe combined with a lower incubation temperature
allowed expression of increased enzymatic activity by
many of the organisms. Although this permitted the
characterization of the majority of these organisms,
exact identification was unsuccessful since these or-
ganisms do not fit descriptions of known species found
m current taxonomic schema.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Bacteria, 'Potable water, Iden-
tifyng. Enzymes, Culture media. Drinking water.
PM3-152173 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Office of PostlcMss and Toxic Substances Sctsn-
tHte and Technical Reports 19W-1M2. Annual rept
National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA.
Aug82,167p' EPA-560/7-82-002
This public otiOfY coftUuns bibboyraphic citations with
abstracts of Office of Pesticides and Office of Toxic
Substances scientific and technical reports submitted
to the National Technical Information Service between
the years 1968 and August 1982. Sections in the order
of arrangement are Report Trtte; Abstracts and Bibliog-
raphy; Contract/GRarrt Number; NTIS Order/Report
Number, Personal Author, Corporate Author; and Sub-
ject (Keyword).
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'BMtographies, Abstracts. Au-
thors,'Toxic substances.
PBS3-152181 PC A02/MF A01
Adequacy of Disinfection for Control of Newty
Recognized Waterbome Pathogen*,
MumopaJ Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
John C. Hoff, and Edwin E GerWreich. 1982,16p EPA-
600/D-83-001
Agents recently recognized as causes or potential
causes of waterbome outbreaks include pathogenic
bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocoliti-
oia), viruses (rotawus, Norwalk virus and other poorly
defined viral agents) and Giardia lamblia, a protozoan
agent Although not a cause of waterbome disease in
the classical sense, concern also has been expressed
about the relationship of water supplies to the occur-
rence of legionellosis caused by Legionella pneumc-
phila. New disinfection information on hepatitis A virus
(HAV), long established as a cause of waterbome dis-
ease, has recently been developed and is included in
this report With the possible exception of Giardia
lamblia, waterbome outbreaks caused by these agents
seem to occur mainly as a result of deficiencies in
treatment, massive contamination of water sources
that received inadequate treatment or contamination
after treatment There is little to indicate that such out-
breaks occur in well-operated systems with adequate
or conventional treatment
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Disinfection, Bacteria, viruses.
Microorganisms, 'Water pollution control, •Patho-
gens, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocoliticia,
Giardia lamblia, Hepatitis A virus, Legionella pneumc-
phila.
PB83-152256 PC A04/MF A01
Research for Groundwater Quality Management,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Clinton W. Hall, Marvin D. Piwoni, and Wayne A.
Pettyjohn. 1983,58p EPA-600/D-83-002
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma State Univ.,
Stillwater. Dept of Geology.
Ground water is an excellent resource due to its quality
and availability. In the United States it is available at
almost any location in quantities large enough to pro-
vide for domestic needs and over one-third of the
Country is underlain by aquifers capable of yielding
lOp.OOO gallons or more dairy on a sustained basis.
This expansive nature of ground water is paradoxical
in terms of its ability to meet water supply requirements
over kxxj periods of time. A ground-water research
strategy is presented which divides research consider-
ations into three areas based on the types of process-
es that will effect pollutant movement in the subsur-
face: (1) hydrotogic; (2) abiotic; and (3) biotic process-
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water quality manage-
ment Water supply, Water pollution, Earth fills. Septic
tanks, Mining, Hydrology, Aquifers, Plumes, Ground
water recharge.
PB83-152264 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Swine Lagoon Effluent Appfied to Coastal Bermu-
dagrass. Final rept,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Agri-
culture and Life Sciences.
Philip W. Westerman, Joseph C. Bums, Larry D. King,
Michael R. Overcash, and Robert O. Evans. Jan 83,
224pEPA-«00/2-83-004
Grant EPA-R-804608
The utilization potential and the environmental effects
of applying swine lagoon effluent to Coastal bermuda-
grass were evaluated for six years. Lagoon effluent
was applied to 9m x 9m plots by weekly sprinkler irriga-
tion during the growing season. Forage yield and qual-
ity, soil nutrient levels and water quality and quantity of
runoff and subsurface lateral flow were evaluated, the
results indicated that swine lagoon effluent can be an
excellent source of nutrients for Coastal bermuda-
grass but water quality considerations, nitrate levels in
forage, and long-term soil effects must bs evaluated
when determining acceptable maximum application
rates.
Keywords: 'Animal wastes, 'Waste disposal,
'Grasses, 'Irrigation, Swine, LagoonsfPonds), Runoff,
Nutrients, Inorganic nitrates. Acceptability, Soil proper-
ties. North Carolina, Land application.
PB83-152447 TC A03/MF A01
Role of Munitipsi Wastewate Treatment hi Con~
trot of Toxics,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
DoHoff F. Bishop. 1982,39p EPA-600/D-82-360
The U.S. EPA's Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory is assessing the treatability and removabil-
ity of toxic substances from municipal wastewater by
various treatment processes. The studies feature oc-
currence surveys, treatability studies to assess individ-
ual toxic removal mechanisms and pilot-scale plant re-
moval studies using wastewater spiked with selected
priority pollutants (metals and organics). In the plant
removal studies, the treatment plant performance on
spiked wastewater is usually compared to the perform-
ance of identical treatment on the unspiked raw
wastewater. The assessments employ costly analyses
(GC/MS and atomic adsorption methods) for the se-
lected toxic substances in the various process streams
and sludges of treatment plants. A biomonitoring ap-
proach to assess health and ecosystem effects is also
being evaluated to supplement trie specific toxic sub-
stance removal data. From the studies to date, con-
ventional primary-activated sludge treatment is gener-
ally effective in removing toxic substances, typically
achieving better than 90 percent removal of organics
and from 60-80 percent removal of the metals. Howev-
er, a number of the toxic substances were found in the
plant final effluents at concentrations which, based
upon EPA recommended water quality criteria may
present a possible environmental hazard.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Assessments, Sur-
veys, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Water
analysis. Chemical analysis. Activated sludge treat-
ment 'Toxic substances.
PB83-152512 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 27 (July-
September 1981).
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Dec 81,86p EPA-520/5-82-016
See also PB83-153601.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
published quarterly (five months after the quarter being
monitored). The report includes data from the Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing states. The ERAMS monitors environmental media
for radioactive contaminants in air, precipitation, sur-
face water, drinking water, and milk samples collected
by state and local agencies throughout the United
States. Specific radiochemical analyses include gross
alpha, gross beta, gamma, tritium, 14C, 85Kr, 1311,89-
90Sr, 226Ra, 238-239Pu, and 234-235-238U. All data
and associated 2 sigma counting errors are reported in
standard units. Precision and accuracy of the date are
ensured by duplicate analyses and participation in in-
ternal and external quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium
90, Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235,
Tables(Data), Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium
234, Uranium 238.
PB83-153015 PC A16/MF A01
Synthetic Fiber Production Faculties - Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards. Final
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Don R. Goodwin. Oct 82.375p EPA-450/3-82-011A
Contract EPA-68-02-3060
See also Volume 2, PB83-147579.
Standards of performance to control emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from new, modified,
and reconstructed synthetic fiber production facilities
are being proposed under section III of the Clean Air
Act This document contains information on the back-
ground and authority, regulatory alternatives consid-
ered, and environmental and economic impacts of the
regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: 'Synthetic fibers, 'Textile industry, 'Stand-
ards, 'Air pollution control, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, Industrial wastes. Regulations, Sub-
stitutes, Environmental impact Economic impacts,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
*Air pollution abatement, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds.
1422 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-15305S PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Reduced-Pollution Corrosion-Protection Systems.
Final rept.,
Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NY.
Christian J. Staebler, Jr., and Bonnie F. Simpers. Jan
83,117p EPA-600/2-83-002
Grant EPA-R-804331
Coating systems, designed to protect metallic compo-
nents against corrosive attack using environmentally
compatible materials and processes, were evaluated
as potential alternatives for their higher polluting coun-
terparts. Viable replacements were established for cy-
anide cadmium, cyanide copper, and hexavalent chro-
mium electroplating. Alternatives to solvent-borne
paints and phenolic-type paint strippers are available
with slightly lower performance characteristics than
their higher polluting counterparts. Performance char-
acteristics were established for replacement systems
of each type through comprehension testing. The per-
formance, economic, and environmental aspects of
the new coating systems were compared to those for a
currently used control system.
Keywords: 'Protective coatings, Corrosion prevention,
Cadmium coatings, Plating, Organic solvents, Paints,
Copper coatings, Chromium coatings. Paint removers,
Substitutes, Pollution abatement.
PB83-153122 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, Part
1. Final rept,
TetraTech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
W. B. Mills, J. D. Dean, D. B. Porcella, S. A, Gherini,
and R. J. M. Hudson. Sep 82, 592p EPA-600/6-82-
004A
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
See also Part 2, PB83-153130.
Applying the manual's simple techniques, the user is
now capable of assessing the loading and fate of con-
ventional pollutants (temperature, biochemical oxygen
demand-dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and sediments)
and toxic pollutants (from the U.S. EPA list of priority
pollutants) in streams, impoundments and estuaries.
Part 1 contains the introduction and chapters on the
aquatic fate of toxic organic substances, waste load
calculations, and the assessment of water quality pa-
rameters in rivers and streams. Part 2 continues with
chapters on the assessment of impoundments and es-
tuaries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Streams, 'Estuaries, Manuals, Organic compounds,
Toxicity, Sediment transport, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Nutrients, Sedi-
ments, Biodeterioration, Adsorption, Vaporizing, Hy-
drolysis, Photolysis, Hydrocarbons, Metals,
TabJesfData), 'Organic loading, Nonpoint sources, Eu-
trophication.
PB83-153130 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, Part
2. Final rept,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
W. B. Mills, J. D. Dean, D. B. Porcella, S. A. Gherini,
and R. J. M. Hudson. Sep 82, 671 p EPA-600/6-82-
004B
Contract EPA-68-03-2673
See also Part 1, PB83-153122, and Part 3, PB83-
100016.
Applying the manual's simple techniques, the user is
now capable of assessing the loading and fate of con-
ventional pollutants (temperature, biochemical oxygen
demarxl-dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and sediments)
and toxic pollutants (from the U.S. EPA list of priority
pollutants) in streams, impoundments, and estuaries.
Part 1 contains the introduction and chapters on the
aquatic fate of toxic organic substances, waste load
calculations, and the assessment of water quality pa-
rameters in rivers and streams. Part 2 continues with
chapters on the assessment of impou .dments and es-
tuaries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
"Streams, 'Estuaries, Organic compounds, Manuals,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Nutrients, Sediments, Water flow
Density(Mass/volume), Lakes, Flushing, Two dimen-
sional flow, Salinity, Mathematical models, Turbidity,
'Organic loading, Eutrophication, Thermal stratifica-
tion.
PB83-153171 PC A99/MF E04
Development Document for Expanded Best Prac-
ticable Control Technology, Best Conventional
Pollutant Control Technology, Best Available
Technology, New Source Performance Technolo-
gy, and Pretreatment Technology In the Pesticide
Chemicals Industry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Effluent Guidelines Div.
George M. Jett 7 Nov 82,864p EPA-440/1-82/079B
The purpose of this report is to provide a technical
data base for proposal of effluent limitations guidelines
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the
Pesticide Chemicals Industry. Effluent limitations
guidelines for expanded Best Practicable Control
Technology Currently Available (BPT), Best Conven-
tional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT), Best Avail-
able Technology Economically Achievable (BAT), New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS), and Pretreat-
ment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) and New
Sources (PSNS) will be proposed under authority of
Sections 301, 304, 306, 307 (b) and (c) of the amend-
ed Clean Water Act from the results of this study and
review by EPA. Guidelines will address 126 priority pol-
lutants, as well as conventional and nonconventional
pollutants and thirteen subcategories based on
wastewater matrices. The principal groups of pollut-
ants detected or likely to be present in untreated pesti-
cide process wastewaters were: phenols, volatiles
(aromatics, halomethanes, and chlorinated ethanes
and ethylenes), nitrosamines, dienes, cyanide, copper,
zinc, and pesticides. Treatment units recommended
for the control of these pollutants are activated carbon,
resin adsorption, hydrolysis, steam stripping, chemical
oxidation, metals separation, and biological oxidation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical industry, 'Water
pollution control, 'Regulations, Technology, Guide-
lines, Phenols, Nitroso compounds, Amines, Cyanides,
Copper, Zinc, Activated carbon treatment, Adsorption,
Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Stripping, 'Best technology,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB83-153379 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Volatile Organic Compound Control at Specific
Sources In Louisville, Kentucky, and Nashville,
Tennessee. Final rept
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Dec82,138pEPA-904/9-81-087
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
The purpose of this study was to determine if several
site-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) emis-
sion sources in Louisville, KY and Nashville, TN were
applying reasonably available control technology
(RACT) to control emissions. The facilities examined
included two aluminum rolling mill lubricant sources, a
furniture coating plant and a fiberglass boat manufac-
turing plant. None of the examined sources currently
have RACT in place. For aluminum rolling mill plants
the best RACT option appears to be the substitution of
a linear paraffin rolling oil for the kerosene-based lubri-
cants currently used. The best RACT option for furni-
ture coating was determined to be the use of electro-
static spraying equipment. For the fiberglass boat
manufactunng source, work practice controls, low sty-
rene resins, and commercial acetone recycling were
determined to be the best potential RACT options for
VOC control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Sources, Rolling
mills, Coatings, Furniture, Fiberglass reinforced plas-
tics, Boats, Tennessee, Kentucky, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Reasonably available control technolo-
gy, 'Louisville(Kentucky), *Nashville(Tennessee).
PB83-153S28 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Preliminary Study of Sources of Inorganic Ar-
senic. Final rept,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
A. J. Miles, G. W. Brooks, and L E. Keller. Aug 82,
322p RAD-82-240-016-18-12, EPA-450/5-82-005
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
The purpose of this study was to analyze the severity
of inorganic arsenic emissions from seven source cat-
egories including primary copper, lead, and zinc smelt-
ing, secondary lead smelting, cotton ginning, glass
manufacturing, and arsenic chemical manufacturing.
The magnitude of arsenic emissions from each source
category were quantified and control systems were in-
vestigated to determine baseline and estimated best
control (EBC) for arsenic. The environmental, energy,
and economic costs of implementing EBC, in source
categories where it is not being used, were estimated.
Two source categories, primary lead smelting and ar-
senic chemical manufacturing, were determined to
have EBC in place as a result of compliance with exist-
ing regulations. The number of people exposed to ar-
senic from each of the source categories will be as-
sessed separately by EPA using emissions and stack
data generated in this study. The physical and chemi-
cal characteristics of arsenic and their impact on the
control of arsenic emissions from the source catego-
ries were also examined.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Arsenic inorganic
compounds, Sources, Hazardous materials, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Smelting, Chemical industry, Regu-
lations, Exposure, Industrial hygiene, Design criteria,
Cotton gins.
PB83-153551 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Portland Cement Plant Inspection Guide. Final
rept,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. J. Orf, R. W. Gerstle, and D. J. Loudin. Jun 82,142p
EPA-340/1-82-007
Contract EPA-68-01-6310
The inspection guide describes the procedures that an
inspector should follow before, during, and after con-
ducting an inspection of a Portland cement plant. The
specific areas addressed are: (1) review of agency files
prior to plant inspection, (2) procedures for entering
the plant and conducting the preinspection interview,
(3) information to be obtained from the plant exterior,
(4) safety precautions, and (5) equipment needed to
conduct an inspection. The guide describes each of
the processes and sources of atmospheric emissions:
feed preparation, clinker production, clinker cooling,
finish grinding, and final product storage, packaging,
and loading. Means for controlling atmospheric emis-
sions are detailed along with specific descriptions of
ESP's, fabric filters, cyclone separators, gravel bed fil-
ters, and containment and dust suppression practices.
Also described are proper plant operating conditions,
emission problems due to malfunctions and upsets,
and startup and shutdown problems. After all informa-
tion has been gathered, example emission calcula-
tions are provided to assist in determining the compli-
ance of a plant.
Keywords: 'Portland cements, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Inspection, Industrial plants, Safety,
Equipment, Design criteria, Sources.
PB83-153585 PC A03/MF A01
Soil Erosion and Sediment Delivery In the High-
land Silver Lake Watershed, Madison County, Illi-
nois: Preliminary Analysis. Interim rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Thomas E. Davenport. Oct 82,45p 1EPA/WPC/82-011
This report is a product of the Comprehensive Monitor-
ing Evaluation Program for the Highland Silver Lake
Watershed Rural dean Water Project This study inte-
grates the results of computerized geo-based generat-
ed potential gross erosion inventory (ADAPT) and a
lake sedimentation survey. The goal was to determine
a sediment delivery ratio. This study concluded that
the gross erosion for the watershed is 100,973 tons.
The ratio was calculated to be 47%.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Sediments, 'Water pollu-
tion, Soil conservation, Cultivation, Watersheds, Moni-
toring, Illinois, Highland Silver Lake Watershed, Madi-
son Country(lllinois).
December 1983 1423
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-153601 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 25-26 (Jan-
uary-June 1981).
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL
Oct 81,99p EPA-520/5-82-015
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
published quarterly (five months after the quarter being
monitored). The report includes data from the Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing states. The ERAMS monitors environmental media
for radioactive contaminants in air, precipitation, sur-
face water, drinking water, and milk samples collected
by state and local agencies throughout the United
States. Specific radiocnemical analyses include gross
alpha, gross beta, gamma, tritium, 14C, 85Kr, 1311,89-
90Sr, 226Ra, 238-239Pu, and 234-235-238U. All data
and associated 2 skjma counting errors are reported in
standard units. Precision and accuracy of the date are
ensured by duplicate analyses and participation in in-
ternal and external quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium
90. Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235,
Tabtes(Data), Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium
234, Uranium 238.
PB83-153643 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angte Park, NC.
Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos
in BuHc Insulation Samples. Final rept. Jan-Aug 81,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. E. Lentzen, E. P. Brantly, Jr., K. W. Gold, and L E.
Myers. Mar 82,54p EPA-600/4-82-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Asbestos-
in-Schoote Program was established in March, 1979 to
provide information and technical assistance to the
public for addressing problems presented by asbes-
tos-containing insulation materials in school buildings.
Because there were no existing standard procedures
for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of asbestos
in bulk materials, the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, Washington, O.C., and the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, jointly sponsored an effort to produce a
standard analytical protocol. This report presents in-
formation on the development and characterization of
the standard procedures for analysis of bulk samples
with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and X-Ray dif-
fraction (XRD), and includes the Interim Method for the
Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples,
(October, 1981).
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Insulation, 'School buildings,
*X ray diffraction. Chemical analysis, Environmental
surveys. Sampling, 'Polarized light microscopy, Proce-
dures.
PBS3-153718 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Monitoring Bkrtransformation and Btodegradation
of Xenobtobcs in Simulated Aquatic Mteroenvfr-
onmental Systems. Journal article,
Louisiana State Univ., Salon Rouge.
R. J. Porter, and S. P. Meyers. 1982,17p EPA-600/J-
82-261
Grant EPA-R-804976
Pub. in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v23
Ch42p459-4751982.
Microbiological studies coupled with physiochemical
analysts of environmentally significant xenobtotics
were conducted in continuous flowthrough and carbon
metabolism microcosms to determine the behavior of
these toxic substances in soil and sediment-water sys-
tems typical of coastal wetlands. The organopnos-
phate, l4C-methyt parathion, and the chlorinated in-
secticide, 14C-kepone, were examined for stress in-
dexes based on mtcrobtal response and compound
turnover.
Keywords: Aquatic microbiology. Toxicology, Reprints,
Monitoring,'Xenobtotics, 'Biotransformation, 'Biode-
gradation, 'Water pollution.
PB83-153726 PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Changes In Humans upon Exposure
to Sutfurlc Acid Aerosol and Exercise. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Suzanne Chaney, Wendy Blomquist, Keith Muller, and
George Goldstein. 1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-400
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v35 n4
p211 -216 Jul/Aug 80. See also PB80-108582.
This study evaluated the effect of a single exposure to
sulfuric aoid aerosol on six human biochemical blood
parameters. A total of 18 human subjects were ex-
posed to ambient air for 4 hr on the first day of expo-
sure and to 100 micrograms/cu. m. (0.033 micro M)
sulfuric acid aerosol (0.5 micrometers mean mass di-
ameter) for 4 hr on the second day. A total of 17
human subjects were exposed for 4 hr to ambient air
on both exposure days. On each exposure day, at 30
min and 90 min after exposure was initiated, all sub-
jects engaged in a 15-min exercise period (walking 4
mph on atreadmill inclined at 10 degrees). Six bio-
chemical blood parameters were measured before
and after exposure: glutathione, lysozyme, glutatwne
reductase, serum glutamic exaloacetic acid transami-
nase, serum vitamin E, and 2.3-diphosphoglyceric
acid. The results indicate no significant effect of one 4-
hr exposure of humans to 100 micrograms/cu. m. sul-
furic acid aerosol. One significant post-exposure effect
did occur-an increase in glutathione reductase-for
both the control and acid-exposured group. It is con-
cluded that at the levels studied, sulfuric acid aerosol
is neutralized in the upper airways; consequently, no
cellular damage is measurable.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Toxicology, Aerosols,
Humans, Exercise(Physiology), Exposure, Reprints,
'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-153734 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Influence of Exercise and Heat Stress on Pulmo-
nary Function during Ozone Exposure. Journal arti-
cle,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst of Environmental
Stress.
L. J. Folinsbee, S. M. Horvath, P. B. Raven, J. F. Bedi,
and A. R. Morton. 27 Sep 76, 7p EPA-600/J-77-186
Contract EPA-68-02-1723
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Envi-
ronmental and Exercise Physiology 43(3), p409-418
1977.
The authors studied the effects of 2-h exposure to
ozone in 14 nonsmoking males under four environ-
mental conditions. Thirty minutes of exercise at 40%
Vo2max was performed from 60 to 90 min for group A
and 30 to 60 min for group B. Pulmonary Function
changes, determined throughout exposure, were
greatest immediately after exercise in both groups.
Few changes occurred before the exercise period. The
authors conclude that the effects of ozone are most
severe immediately after exercise and that heat stress
may modify the overall effect of ozone on pulmonary
function.
Keywords: 'Heat stress, 'Exercise(Physiology),
'Ozone, StressfPhysfology), Exposure, Respiratory
system, Reprints.
PB83-153742 PC A02/MF A01
Vermicuttte, a Source of Metals for 'Arabldopsls
thallana'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingey, Susan Raba. Kent D. Rodecap, and
Jerome J. Wagner. 12 Jun 81,6p EPA-600/J-82-266
Pub. in Jn). of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 107(3), p465~468 1982.
Plants of Arabtdopsis thaliana (L) Heynh. were grown
in hydroponic systems using vermkxilite as a growth
medium at nutrition levels ranging from adequate to
deficient Plants grown on the low-total nutrient or low-
iron nutrient contained more of iron, magnesium, and
aluminum, frequently twice as much as plants grown at
normal nutrient levels. Plants grown in iron-deficient
nutrient were initially chkxotic; after about 5 weeks the
chlorosis disappeared and these plants contained
higher tissue iron levels than those receiving iron in the
solutions.
Keywords: 'Vermiculite, 'Metals, Plants(Botany), Nu-
trition, Plant growth, Aluminum, Reprints, Arabidopsis
thaliana.
PB83-153759 PC A02/MF A01
Lake Restoration by Sediment Removal. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Spencer A. Peterson. 1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-267
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v18 n3 p423-435
Jun 82.
Fresh water lake sediment removal is usually under-
taken to deepen a lake and increase its volume to en-
hance fish production, to remove nutrient rich sedi-
ment, to remove toxic or hazardous material, or to
reduce the abundance of rooted aquatic plants.
Review of more than 60 projects and five case histor-
ies reveals that the first three objectives are usually
met through sediment removal. Sediment removal to
control toxic materials is possible with minimal environ-
mental impact when proper equipment is used, but it
may more than double the cost. Lack of definitive infor-
mation about rooted plant regrowth rates in dredged
areas prohibits explicit recommendations on sediment
removal to control plant growth.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution control,
'Lakes, Removal, Dredging, Hazardous materials,
Aquatic plants, Phosphorus, Plankton, Biological pro-
ductivity, Fishes, Reprints, Restoration.
PB83-153809 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Design of 301 (h) Monitoring Programs for Munici-
pal Wastewater Discharges to Marine Waters.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Beltevue, WA.
Nov82,144pEPA-430/9-82-010
Contract EPA-68-01 -5906
SeealsoPB83-153817.
Under Section 301 (h) of the Clean Water Act of 1977
as amended by the Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Construction Grant Amendments of 1981, publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs) may apply for a vari-
ance from the secondary treatment requirements for
discharge into marine waters. The guidance provided
in this document has been developed to help meet the
general monitoring requirements of the 301 (h) pro-
gram. This document was prepared in order to provide
guidance for designing monitoring programs that will
meet regulatory requirements and allow continuing as-
sessment of the impact of less-than-secondary dis-
charges on the receiving water marine environment
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage
'Oceans, 'Monitoring, Requirements, Collecting
methods, Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Marine biol-
ogy, Oceanographic data, Fishes, Zooplankton,
Aquatic plants, Statistical tests, Sampling, 301 (h) pro-
gram, Bioindicators, Clean Water Act of 1977.
PB83-153817 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Revised Section 301 (h) Technical Support Docu-
ment
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Nov 82,254p EPA-430/9-82-11
Contract EPA-68-01 -5906
See also PB83-153809.
This document provides information which establishes
a technical basis for understanding the major differ-
ences between the original section 301 (h) regulations
promulgates in 1979 and 1982 amended regulations.
This document also provides a technical explanation
of assessments required for obtaining section 301 (h)
modified discharge permits and guidance for both
small and large POTWs to use in completing the ap-
propriate application questionnaire.
Keywords: 'Municipalities, 'Sewage disposal,
'Oceans, 'Monitoring, Licenses, Assessments, Regu-
lations, Questionnaires, Instructions, Water pollution.
Marine biology, Dilution, Dispersing, Hazardous mate-
rials, Sewage treatment plants, Secondary treatment,
301 (h) program.
1424 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-153890 PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision D:
Product Chemistry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
G. J. Beusch, W. R. Bontoyan, E. B. Brittin, A. W.
Bums, and J. H. Chen. 1 Oct 82,85p EPA-540/9-82-
018
Subdivision D, a Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act guideline, was the subject of close
final review from an Agency-sponsored committee
consisting of a representative from industry, academia
and a national environmental group. To assess its po-
tential toxicity to humans anrf hazard to the environ-
ment, the Agency requires basic information on the
composition of each product. For all products this in-
formation includes a description of the manufacturing
process, a discussion on the formation of product im-
purities and a Confidential Statement of Formula. For
products produced by an integrated-formulation
system, composition data determined by an analysis
are needed for the product and in some instances for
the technical chemical. Subdivision D constitutes one
volume of a twelve-part NTIS Federal Insecticide, Fun-
gicide and Rodenticide Act guideline series.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Chemical composition, Manufacturing, Toxicity, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Chemical analysis, 'Federal Insec-
ticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB83-153908 PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision E,
Hazard Evaulatlon: Wildlife and Aquatic Orga-
nisms.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 82, 91 p EPA-540/9-82-024
Subdivision E is a guideline package which is intended
to support the FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act) data requirements in 40 CFR
Part 158. Subdivision E provides test protocols for
identifying the effects of pesticides on nontarget fish
and wildlife. The guidelines state when a test is re-
quired, the testing standards that should be met, the
data that should be reported, and references to appro-
priate test methods. Subdivision E is only 1 Volume of
a twelve-part FIFRA guideline series published by the
National Technical Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Fishes, Wildlife,
Tests, Toxicity, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Ro-
denticide Act
PB83-153916 PC A08/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov82,163p EPA-540/9-82-025
As a guideline for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision F supports
the data requirements of 40 CFR Part 158. Subdivision
F describes protocols for evaluating the toxicity of pes-
ticides to nonhuman organisms and for relating the re-
sults of these studies to human safety evaluations.
Comments from environmental groups, academia, and
industrial representatives were incorporated into the
current draft. Subdivision F constitutes one volume of
a twelve-part FIFRA guidelines series published by the
National Technical Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Humans, Ani-
mals, Assessments, Toxicity, 'Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-153924 PC A19/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision G:
Product Performance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
W. Audia, W. Campbell, S. Duffy, T. Elrwanger, and C.
GraWe. Nov 82,431 p EPA-540/9-82-026
As a guideline for the Federal Insecucide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision G provides
guidance to the registrant on developing product per-
formance data that the Agency may require to demon-
strate the effectiveness of their pesticide product in
controlling the pests specified in the claims on their
product label. This subdivision is organized into sec-
tion series which describe efficacy data for specific
types of pesticides used on distinct classes of pests.
Guidance on test methodology and protocols to sup-
port label claims are also presented. Discussions con-
cerning when the submission of efficacy data is re-
quired are also presented as a foundation for the regu-
latory pesticide data requirements (40 CFR Part 158).
Submission of efficacy data is generally waived,
except for products claiming control of pest microorga-
nisms that pose a threat to human health and whose
presence cannot be observed by the user, including
microorganisms infectious to man in the inanimate en-
vironment and in situations where the Agency may re-
quire data on a case-by-case basis. Subdivision G con-
stitutes one volume of a twelve-part FIFRA guideline
series published by the National Technical Information
Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, *Pest control,
Performance evaluation, Public health, Microorga-
nisms, Toxicity, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act.
PB83-153932 PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision I:
Experimental Use Permits,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Donald R. Stubbs. Oct 82, 52p EPA-540/9-82-022
As a guideline for the Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision I describes
Experimental Use Permit Application procedures. The
reader will find formatting instructions for these appli-
cations and descriptions of the types of studies which
can be conducted under a permit. Discussions of the
data required to support Experimental Use Permit ap-
plications are also presented as a foundation for the
regulatory pesticide data requirements (40 CFR Part
168). Subdivision I constitutes one volume of a twelve-
part FIFRA guideline series published by the National
Technical Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments, Li-
censes, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act
PB83-153940 PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision J,
Hazard Evaluation: Nontarget Plants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Robert W. Hoist and Thomas C. Ellwanger. 27 Oct 82,
60p EPA-540/9-82-020
Subdivision J, a Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) guideline, prescribes the phy-
totoxicity study protocols that the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency recommends to support the regis-
tration of manufacturing-use and formulated end-use
products. This subdivision establishes procedures for
testing and data submission concerning the effects of
pesticides on nontarget plants. The studies outlined by
this subdivision will not be required for every product
but only for selected chemicals on a case-by-case
basis. A summary of the rulemaking phytotoxicity test
requirements can be found in 40 CFR Part 158. The re-
sults of the phytoxicity studies together with environ-
mental fate and efficacy are used to assess the poten-
tial hazard of pesticides on terrestrial and aquatic non-
target plants. Subdivision J constitutes one volume of
a twelve-part FIFRA guideline series published by the
National Technical Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Toxicrty, Plants(Botany), 'Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, Phytotoxicity.
PB83-1539S7 PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision L,
Hazard Evaluation: Nontarget Insects.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
15 Oct 82,34p EPA-540/9-82-019
40 CFR, Part 158,158.31 specifies the data on toxicity
to nontarget insects which are required to support the
registration of a pesticide product Subdivision L pro-
vides guidelines for the development of that data re-
quired in 40 CFR, Part 158. Each section in Subdivision
L specifies the conditions under which specific data
are required, provides requirements for reporting and
evaluation of data. Also, each section contains sug-
gested protocols, references to protocols, or bom.
Subdivision L constitutes one volume of a twelve-part
FIFRA guideline series published by the National
Technical Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Toxicity, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, Protocols.
PB83-153965 PC A14/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision M:
Bloratlonal Pesticides,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
F. S. Betz, W. R. Beusch, E. B. Brittin, R. Carsel, and S.
Z. Cohen. Nov 82,315p EPA-540/9-82-028
As a guideline for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision M provides
guidance on developing data on biochemical and mi-
crobial pest control agents to determine their fate in
the environment and to evaluate potential adverse ef-
fects on humans and other nontarget organisms.
These guidelines include further guidance on when
data are required by 40 CFR Part 158, and contain the
standards for conducting acceptable tests, guidance
on evaluation and reporting of data, and examples of
acceptable protocols. Subdivision M constitutes one
volume of a twelve-part NTIS Federal Insecticide, Fun-
gicide and Rodenticide Act guideline series.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Pest control, As-
sessments, Biochemistry, Toxicity, Public health, Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, Path of pollutants.
PB83-153973 PC A06/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Oct 82,114p EPA-540/9-82-021
This document, Subdivision N, is intended to support
40 CFR 158 requirements for data for the registration
of pesticides. Subdivision N describes the Agency's re-
quirements for data on the degradation, metabolism,
mobility, dissipation, and accumulation of pesticide
chemicals in the environment. These data will be used
to identify and assess the potential hazards associated
with the uses of a pesticide. Subdivision N constitutes
one volume of a twelve-part FIFRA guideline series
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
'Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation, 'Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB83-153981 PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, SubdMson O:
Residue Chemistry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Richard D. Schmitt. Oct 82,63p EPA-540/9-82-023
As a guideline for the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmet-
ic Act (FFDCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision 0 describes
the data needed for pesticide uses that may result in
residues in food, feed or tobacco. These data are used
to estimate the exposure of the general population to
residues in food and to establish and enforce toler-
ances for pesticide residues in food or feed. Subdivi-
sion O constitutes one volume of a twelve-part FIFRA
guideline series published by the National Technical
Information Service.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Residues, Foods, Feeding stuffs, Tobacco, Public
health, Toxicity, Environmental surveys,
Tolerances(Physiology), 'Federal Food Drug and Cos-
metic Act 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, Pesticide residues.
PB83-154054 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
December 1983 1425
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trace and Potentially Toxic Elements Associated
with Uranium Deposits In South Texas. Final rept.
Apr77-Apr79,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology.
Christopher D. Henry, and Rajesh R. Kapadia. Jan 83,
120p EPA-600/7-83-005
Grant EPA-R-80514701
The environmentally sensitive trace elements molyb-
denum, arsenic, and selenium are concentrated with
uranium in ore deposits in South Texas. Cattle grazing
in some pastures in mining areas have contracted mo-
lybdenosis, a cattle disease resulting from an imbal-
ance of molybdenum and copper. To determine natu-
ral concentrations of the elements in soils in the South
Texas area and to evaluate possible effects of mining
on adjacent agricultural land, two sets of soil samples
were collected and analyzed for molybdenum, arsenic,
selenium, and copper. Results of the random sampling
show that the different geologic formations have differ-
ent characteristic trace element concentrations. Com-
parison of molybdenum and copper concentrations in
soils and grasses and theoretical considerations of the
availability to plants of molybdenum and copper in
soils suggest that forage in much of the area studied
oouM have anomalously low copper/molybdenum
ratios-low enough to induce molybdenosis in cattle.
Keywords: 'Uranium ore deposits, 'Trace elements,
•Environmental surveys, Texas, Molybdenum, Ar-
senic, Selenium, Copper, Concentration(Composition),
Soils, Toxterty, Cattle, 'Toxic substances.
PM3-1S4153 PC A12/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Reme-
dW Action Standards for Inactive Uranium Proc-
essing Sttes (40 CFR 192) Volume I. Final rapt
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 82.252p EPA-520/4-82-013-1
Sea also PB81-152662.
The Environmental Protection Agency is issuing final
standards for the long-term control of tailings pfles at
inactive uranium processing sites and for cleanup of
contaminated open land and buildings. These stand-
ards apply to tailings at locations that qualify for reme-
dial actions under fitte I of Public Law 95-604, the Ura-
nium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978. This
Act requires EPA to promulgate standards to protect
the environment and public health and safety from ra-
cSoactive and ronradioactive hazards posed by residu-
al radioactive materials at the twenty-two uranium mill
ta*ngs sites designated in the Act and at additional
sites where these materials are deposited that may be
designated by the Secretary of the Department of
Energy. The Final Environmental Impact Statement
(Volume I) examines health, technical considerations,
costs, and other factors relevant to determining stand-
ards. Volume II contains EPA's responses to com-
ments on the proposed standards and the Draft Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements - final,
'Tailings, Radioactive contaminants, Radiation haz-
ards. Radioactivity, Radon isotopes. Radium isotopes,
Ground water, Water pollution. Standards, 'Uranium
mats, 'Mai tailings, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Urani-
um MAI Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978, Costs.
PB83-154344 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Sofid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Stgnrltcanc* of Size Reduction In SoHd Waste
Management Volume 3. Effects of Machine Pa-
rameters on Shredder Performance. Final rept
Sep 79-Aug 82,
Cat Recovery Systems, Inc., Richmond, CA.
George M. Savage, Jonathan K. Tuck, Patricia A.
Gandy, and George J. Trezek. Jan 83,87p EPA-600/
Contract EPA-68-03-2866
See also PB81-107096,
Harnrnermill shredders for size reduction of refuse
were examined at three sites to determine the influ-
ence of key machine parameters on their perform-
ance. Internal machine configuration and singte-versus
two stage size reduction were studied. Key parameters
that were investigated and could be related to perform-
ance include the number and volume of hammers,
open volume fraction, hammer tip speed, grate open-
ing, open volume, and closed volume. The machine
parameters were related to throughput, mill holdup,
specific energy requirements, power draw, and prod-
uct size using test data and curve fitting analysis.
Keywords: 'Refuse, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Shred-
ders, 'Comminution, 'Municipalities, Performance
evaluation, Hammers, Particle size, Volume, Energy,
Hammer mills, Specifications, Flow charting,
Tabtes(Data), Flow rate, Tests, Specifications.
PB83-154617 PC A08
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Colorado Surface Gamma-Ray Scanner Survey.
Final rept,
Sendix Field Engineering Corp., Grand Junction, CO.
John Wayne Allen. Mar 82,151p BFEC-1982-3
Sponsored in part by Office of Radiation Programs-Las
Vegas Facility, NV.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) con-
ducted a radiation survey of public and private build-
ings in the vicinity of mineral mining areas to establish
the use, if any, of radioactive mineral waste materials
in any phase of construction. The survey was conduct-
ed in two phases. The initial phase utilized a mobile
van equipped with radiation detection instrumentation
to survey radioactive levels In the vicinity of the struc-
tures of interest. Areas or structures which indicated
higher than normal background levels of radiation
were recorded for further investigation. The mobile
survey van remained on public roads and thorough-
fares during these surveys, except when a survey was
specifically requested by an owner of remote private
property. The radiation detection equipment was typi-
cally capable of detecting an anomaly as far away as
approximately 150 feet While the mobile survey
system would detect an area of increased radioactivity,
it could not identify the source of the radioactivity. The
radiation source could have been a pile of radioactive
rocks in a yard, a stone facing on a house, or a house
foundation consisting of radioactive materials.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Construction materials,
'Buildings, 'Colorado, Radiation hazards, Maps, 'Min-
eral wastes, Health hazards.
PB83-154740 PC A04/MF A01
A FORTRAN Program for Computing Hie Pollutant
Standards Index (PSI). Environmental monitoring
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support
Wayne R. Ott May 78,72p EPA-600/4-78-001,
FSWEC-80/0135A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB83-154757.Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.
This report gives full documentation and serves as a
user's manual for INDEX.PLOT, a FORTRAN comput-
er program designed to calculate the Pollutant Stand-
ards Index (PSI). This computer program which was
originally developed to test the structure of PSI, has
now been expanded as a general purpose program
which can compute daily index values for a month, a
season, a year, or longer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *lndexes(Ratios), Time
series analysis, Fortran, 'Pollution Standards Index.
PB83-154898 CP T05
RPM-II: Reactive Plume Model. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Kenneth L Schere, and Jack H. Shreffler. May 80, mag
tape EPA/DF-83/003
Source tape is in ASCII character set Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Idnetify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB82-230723, and PB82-
234329.
This magnetic tape contains one file of 3274 card
images (records) in ASCII character code. The file con-
tains the FORTRAN source code for the main program
and subroutines of the Reactive Plume Model (RPM-II)
as well as 3 test data sets. RPM-II, developed by Sys-
tems Applications, Inc. of San Rafael, CA, is a comput-
er air quality simulation model used primarily for esti-
mating short-term concentrations of primary and sec-
ondary pollutant resulting from point-source emis-
sions. Two main features of the model are (1) its chem-
ical kinetic mechanism, which explicitly solves the nu-
merous non-linear chemical reactions associated with
NOx, ozone, and hydrocarbon cycles, and (2) the hori-
zontal resolution within the plume, which offers a more
realistic treatment of the entrainment process by parti-
tioning the plume in a cross-wind direction into an array
of well-mixed cells...Software Description: The system
is written in the FORTRAN programming language for
implementation on a UNIVAC1100/82 computer using
the 36RD2 operating system. 100K bytes of core stor-
age are required to operate the system.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, Reac-
tion kinetics, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Hydrocarbons,
Fortran, 'Reactive plume models, 'Point sources,
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB83-155317 PC A03/MF A01
Emmlsslons of Naturally Occurfng Radioactivity:
Stauffer Elemental Phosphorus Plant,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Veron E. Andrews. Nov 82,36p EPA-520/6-82-019
See also PB81-187742.
Naturally occurring radioactivity was measured In the
atmospheric emissions and process materials of a
thermal phosphate (elemental phosphorus) plant
Representative exhaust stack samples were collected
from each process in the plant. The phosphate ore
contained about 120 parts per million uranium. The ra-
dioactivity emitted in greatest quantity was radon-222
with an annual release from the plant of 8.3 curies.
Emissions of lead-210 and polonium-210 were meas-
ured at 280 and 200 millicunes per year. Annual emis-
sions of each of the other radionuclldes of the uranium
decay chain were estimated to be 4.2 millicuries. The
slag pile was determined not to be a source of radon.
Keywords: 'Natural radioactivity, 'Airborne wastes,
•Industrial plants, Polonium 210, Montana, 'Phos-
phates, Radon 222, Stauffer Chemical Plant Silver
Bow(Montana), Lead 210.
PB83-155580 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Air Paniculate Material for Po-
tycydlc Aromatic Compounds. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
S. A. Wise, C. F. Allen, S. N. Chester, H. S. Hertz, and
L. R. Hilpert. Jan 83,59p NBSIR-82-2595
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In studies to evaluate the potential health and ecologi-
cal effects of atmospheric emissions, bioassays have
been employed in conjunction with chemical charac-
terization to correlate mutagenic and/or carcinogenic
activity with chemical composition. The complexity of
an air particulate extract necessitates the prefractJona-
tion of the mixture into suitable subfractyres or chemi-
cal classes prior to chemical characterization and/or
biological testing. The goal of this project was to evalu-
ate such a fractionation scheme for air particulate ma-
terial with respect to chemical characterization of the
various fractions with particular emphasis on the iden-
tification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In
this study the authors have used three chromatcgra-
phic approaches to separate, identify, and quantify the
complex mixture of PAH extracted from SRM 1649
(Urban Dust/Organics): (1) capillary GC, (2) LC with
selective fluorescence detection, and (3) multidimen-
sional chromatographic techniques.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, •Parti-
cles, *Air pollution, 'Gas analysis. Ecology, Public
health, Bioassays, Mutagens, Antmeoplastic agents,
Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography. Mass spec-
trpscopy, Fluorescence, 'Air pollution detection,
Liquid chromatography.
PB83-155713 PC A03/MF A01
Monitoring and Analysis of Hazardous Organic* In
Municipal Wastewater - A Study of Twenty-Five
Treatment Plants,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sidney A. Hannah, and Lewis Rossman. 3 Nov 82,36p
EPA-600/D-82-376
The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded an
extramural research program to (1) develop sensitive
analytical methods capable of analyzing municipal
1426 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
wastewaters and sludges for 114 organic priority pol-
lutants and (2) survey 25 publicly owned treatment
works for the toxic organics. Development of the ana-
lytical methods and results of the survey are dis-
cussed. Plant selection criteria included plant size and
type, geographical location and industrial contributions
to the municipal wastewater. Raw wastewaters, pri-
mary effluents, final discharges and sludges were
sampled. The majority of the plants were found to have
between 20 and 50 priority organics in their raw in-
fluents and 10 to 30 priority organics in their final dis-
charges. Only 15 compounds were found at concen-
trations above 1 micrograms/l in wastewaters (or 1
nog/kg in sldge) at least 80 percent of the time in raw
wastewaters and at least 50 percent of the time in final
plant discharges and sludges. Significance of the find-
ings as related to proposed Water Quality Criteria for
both toxic organics and metals are addressed.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Organic compounds,
Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Hazardous materials,
Surveys, Concentration(Composition), Publicly owned
treatment works.
PB83-155721 PC A02/MF A01
Elements of a Laboratory Quality Assurance Pro-
gram,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ronald C. Dressman. 1982,23p EPA-600/D-82-378
The importance of Quality Assurance is discussed.
The requirements of a quality assurance program are
divided into three functions; namely, the Control of
Quality, the Determination of Quality, and the Docu-
mentation of Quality. The Control of Quality is defined
as the regulation of factors that influence the reliability
of the data. The Determination of Quality is defined as
the use of procedures to estimate how good are the
final results obtained in terms of quantitative accuracy
and precision and qualitative accuracy. The documen-
tation of Quality is defined as the use of procedures to
form a systematic, intelligible, complete and perma-
nent record of the control of quality and determination
of quality.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Laboratories, Reliabil-
ity, Accuracy.
PB83-155762 PC A08/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Dis-
ease - Annual Report to Congress (5th). Rept. for
Sep81-Aug82.
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Aug82,166p
Contract EPA-68-02-3775
See also PB82-200429.
The Frfth Annual Report to Congress describes the ac-
tivities of the Task Force on Environmental Cancer
and Heart and Lung Disease between September
1981 and August 1982. The Task Force recommenda-
tions to Congress are: (1) continued operation of the
National Death Index under NCHS, (2) development of
effective procedures to minimize or remove legal im-
pediments to epidemiologic research at both the Fed-
eral and non-Federal levels, and (3) promotion of the
education of medical and other health care students
and practitioners in environmental disease prevention
through the coordination of efforts and joint initiatives
by the professional medical organizations and Federal
Agencies. Also included in the report are brief over-
views of selected current assessments of the link be-
tween environmental factors and human cancer, heart
disease, and lung disease. Current Federal activities in
disease prevention are summarized, and an update of
the environmental disease research activities and re-
search priorities of each member Agency is provided.
The full scope of Working Group and Project Group ac-
tivities are described and future directions are suggest-
ed.
Keywords: 'Heart diseases, 'Respiratory diseases,
'Malignant neoplasms, Epidemiology, Safely, Occupa-
tional diseases, Public hearth, Toxicology, Preventive
medicine, Etiology, 'Cancer, Hearth education, Envi-
ronmental hearth, National Death Index, Health man-
power education, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB83-156307 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Sludge and the Land: The Role of Soil and Water
Conservation Districts in Land Application of
Sewage Sludge. Final rept.
National Association of Conservation Districts, Wash-
ington, DC.
Sep 82, 23p EPA-430/9-82-007
This booklet is aimed at facilitating communication be-
tween rural and urban areas in assessing sewage
sludge management options involving land applica-
tion. The booklet briefly describes alternative benefi-
cial uses for sludge.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Land use. Urban areas,
Rural areas, Management, Farms, Grassland, Recre-
ational facilities, Forest land, Parks, Land application.
PB83-156372 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emission Characterization of a Spark-Ignited
Heavy-Duty Direct-Injected Methanol Engine. Final
rept. Dec 81-May 82,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Terry L. Ullman, and Charles T. Hare. Nov 82,128p
EPA-460/3-82-003
Contract EPA-68-03-3073
Maschninenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg (MAN.) of
Germany has modified a truck-size diesel engine to
consume only neat methanol by the addition of a tran-
sistorized spark ignition system. Regulated and un-
regulated exhaust emissions from this methanol
engine with oxidation catalyst were characterized over
the 1979 13-mode Federal Test Procedure (FTP), or
shorter versions of this modal test, and over the 1984
Transient Heavy-Duty FTP. Emissions characterization
included regulated emissions (HC, CO, and NOx),
along with unbumed alcohols, aldehydes, other gase-
ous organics, total paniculate, suifate, soluble organic
in particulate, BaP, and Ames bioactivity. Emissions
from this spark-ignited rnethanol-and-catalyst engine
were compared to emissions from a pilot-injected
methanol engine (dual-fueled) and a comparable
diesel engine.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Carbin-
ols, 'Exhaust emissions, Spark ignition, Catalysts, Ex-
haust gases, 'Fuel substitution, 'Engine modifications.
PB83-156448 PC A10/MF A01
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Specialized Veterinary Manpower Needs Through
1990. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Dec 82,203p
Contract AG-59-32R6-0-38
Sponsored in part by National Institutes of Health, Be-
thesda, MD., Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC., Food and Drug Administration, Washing-
ton, DC., and Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Washington, DC.
The Committee evaluated the implications of federal
legislation and regulations on the need for veterinary
manpower, particularly in the veterinary specialties
rather than in private practice. The number of veteri-
narians serving in specialties other than private prac-
tice was assessed for 1981, and some earlier data was
also gathered. Predictions were made for demand for
veterinary specialists through 1990.
Keywords: 'Manpower, 'Requirements, Veterinary
medicine, Employment, Specialized training, Educa-
tion, Models, Forecasting.
PB83-156729 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Survey and Analysis of Current European Tech-
nologies for Wood Combustion. Final rept. Mar 81-
Jan 82,
Integrated Energy Systems, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Werner Martin, and Daniel R. Koenigshofer. Jan 83,
10Op EPA-600/7-83-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3675
The report summarizes current technologies and air
pollution policies pertaining to wood combustion.
Twenty different concepts for wood burning equipment
are described. Also included are section diagrams,
size ranges, and comments regarding efficiency and
convenience. Many of the system types are not cur-
rently available on the U.S. market. A list of manufac-
turers and their addresses is included. The report also
contains emission data for many of the systems de-
scribed. Emission regulations and test procedures are
presented. Finally, a brief overview of health research
related to suspected carcinogenic materials in wood
combustion emissions is presented. This information
was gathered in the U.S. and in Europe by engineers
familiar with wood combustion on both continents.
Keywords: 'Wood, 'Air pollution, Technology, Com-
bustion products, Carcinogens, Europe.
PB83-156760 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Multiple Water Reuse in Poultry Processing: Case
Study in Egypt. Final rept. 1 Apr 76-31 Mar 80,
Alexandria Univ. (Egypt). Higher Inst. of Public Health.
Ahmed Hamza. Jan 83,109p EPA-600/2-83-005
An industrial-scale multiple water reuse system was
under investigation for a period of four years at a
modern poultry processing plant in Alexandria, Egypt
The system involved: chlorination of cooling water
from the compressor; reuse of this water in the chiller;
successive transfer of an equivalent amount of water
from the chiller to the prechiller, from the prechiller to
the wash tank, and finally, from the wash tank to the
scalder. Process waters in the prechiller and wash
tank were alternately purified by diatomaceous earth
filtration. Long-term studies at the plant indicated suc-
cessful utilization of a multiple reuse system with chlor-
inated water (20 mg/l input) and a water makeup rate
of 20 m3/day.
Keywords: 'Food processing, 'Waste water reuse,
'Poultry, 'Egypt, Chlorination, Cooling water, Filtra-
tion, Diatomaceous earth, Bacteria, Greases, Water
conservation, Flushing, Requirements, Potable water,
Fresh water, Tables(Data), Shelf life, 'Poultry industry.
PB83-156778 PC A02/MF A01
Creating and Documenting Procedures - Letting
George Do It,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Lynn H. Wright. 1983, 9p EPA-600/D-83-006
This paper describes a method of creating and docu-
menting automated data processing routines for the
Finnigan INCOS gas chromatograph/mass spectrom-
eter data system. A computer program in the form of a
set of macro-instructions for the data system text
editor is used to automatically convert a file written in a
documentation format into executable procedures. An
example of use of the program in the generation of
automated procedures is given. Listings of the text
editor routines are available from the author.
Keywords: 'Computer programming, Documentation,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, 'Automatic
programming, 'Text editing, GEORGE computer pro-
gram.
PB83-156927 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of the Effects of Active Solar Ther-
mal Technologies on Urban Emissions. Final rept.
Sep 79-Jul 80.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Jan 83,112p EPA-600/7-83-008
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
The objective of this study was to analyze the fuel dis-
placement potential of solar technologies to determine
if the potential air quality benefits are significant
enough to justify the promotion of solar commercializa-
tion as an air pollution control strategy. Fuel displace-
ment by solar energy was found to be greatest in the
residential water heating market and in electric end-
uses in the three AQCR's investigated. However, the
results of this study suggest a limited role for solar
energy in reducing air pollutant emissions. Emissions
reductions in all three AQCR's were relatively small,
generally less than one percent. The authors cau-
tioned against generalizing these findings to the entire
nation, since the report did not evaluate areas that
December 1983 1427
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were the most technically compatible with solar sys-
tems. Solar systems could readily be a viable emission
reduction strategy in a specific case. The increased
pentrafon of solar systems would reduce area source
emissions, potentially lowering background emissions
in urban areas.
Keywords: *So4ar energy concentrators, *Air pollution
control equipment, Urban areas, Assessments, Tech-
nology, Economics, Marketing, 'Air quality.
PBS3-156935 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angte Park, NC.
Measurements of Hazardous Organic Chemicals
in the Ambient Atmosphere. Final rept Sep 78-Oct
81,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. B. Singh, L J. Satas, R. Stiles, and H. Shigetshi. Jan
83,99p SRI-7774, EPA-600/3-83-002
Contract EPA-CA-805990
Analytical methods were refined and applied to the
ambient analysts of 44 organic chemicals, many of
which are bacterial mutagens or suspected carcino-
gens. Ort-site field collection programs, based on
single site studies of 9 to 11 days duration each, were
conducted in 10 U.S. cities. Field studies were per-
formed with an instrumented mobile laboratory. A
round-the-ctock measurement schedule was followed
at aN sites. The field measurements allowed a determi-
nation of atmospheric concentrations, variabilities, and
mean diurnal behaviors of the chemicals. The data
analyzed relative to theoretically estimated removal
rates. Typical diurnal profiles show highest concentra-
tions of the primary pollutants during nighttime or early
morning hours, with minimum concentrations in the
afternoon hours. Chemistry plays only a nominal role in
defining this diurnal behavior in most cases. Except for
aromatic hydrocarbons and aldehydes, average con-
centrations of the measured species were in the 0- to
5-ppb range. The average concentration range ob-
served for aromabcs and aldehydes was 0- to 20-ppb.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
Hazardous materials, Reid tests,
ConcentraborKComposition), Sampling, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB83-156976 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Synthesis of 2-Napnthatene-d7-Sutfon»c Add.
Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards. Washington, DC.
l_ T. Sniegoski, E. White, and P. L Konash. 1982,8p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Journal of Labe
f Labelled Compounds. Radfopharma-
ceutiate XIX, n9p1081-1067 1982.
2-Naphthalene-d7-suHonic acid, required as an inter-
nal standard for the analysis of organic compounds in
water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,
was synthesized in one step from commercialry avail-
able naphthatene-d8 and surturic acid-d2. A high-per-
formance liquid chromatographic method was devel-
oped to separate 1- and 2-naphthalene-d7-sulfonic
acids. The electron impact mass spectrum and tsotop-
ic purity of the 2-naphthalene-d7-sulfonic acid were
determined.
Keywords: *Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Standards,
•Chemical analysis. Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Reprints, 'Naphthalene sulfonic acid, High
performance liquid chromatography.
PB83-157073
PC A02/MF Ml
Ozone Bin hi 'Glycine max* (L.) HOT.: Site* of
rteguUBon and Refatlonshlp to Leaf Injury. Journal
article,
CorvaKs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. E. Taylor, Jr., D. T. Tmgey, and H. C. Ratsch. 1982,
10p EPA-600/ J-82-268
Put in Oecotogia (Bert) 53, p179-1861982.
Hood and Dare curbvars of soybean, Glycine max (L)
Merr., vary in their foliar response to ozone. The physi-
ological basis of this variation was investigated as a
function of leaf age through an analysis of ozone flux
data, leaf developmental morphology, and analogue
modoing techniques. At aH concentrations and expo-
sure tirr«s, resistance to 03 flux in the gas phase of the
dtffusive pathway Cue., boundary layer and stomate)
did not account fully for variation in pollutant uptake
rates into the leaf interior. Ozone molecules experi-
enced a residual resistance to diffusion that is not
shared by effluxing water vapor molecules.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Ozone, 'Toxicology,
Regulations, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Plant physiology, Reprints, 'Glycine max, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB83-157081 PC A02/MF A01
Behavioral Alterations Due to Diesel Exhaust Ex-
posure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Dana Laurie, William K. Boyes, and Thomas
Wessendarp. 1981,7p EPA-600/J-81-606
Pub. in Environmental International, v5 p357-361
1981.
Several experiments examining the effects of diesel
exhaust on the behavior of rats are reported. Animals
were exposed either as adults or neonates. The spon-
taneous locomotor activity (SLA), measured in stand-
ard running wheel cages, of adult rats exposed for 8 M
day, 7 days/week was significantly less than that of
controls. Experiments involving diesel exhaust expo-
sure to neonatal rats indicated that adults rats, ex-
posed to diesel exhaust during their neonatal lives,
were significantly less active as measured by SLA.
Adult rats, exposed to 20 h diesel per day as neonates,
were placed in skinner boxes after the SLA experiment
described above had been completed. The exhaust
exposed animals showed significantly decreased ac-
quisition of a food reinforce bar pressing task. All ani-
mals that learned this task extinguished at the same
rate. The results of the neonatal diesel exhaust experi-
ments support the hypothesis that diesel exhaust ex-
posure during development of an organism can lead to
behavioral differences in adulthood.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Exhaust gases, Behavior.
Rats, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Reprints, 'Diesel
engine exhaust, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-157099 PC A02/MF A01
The Rote of Filtration In Preventing Waterbome
Disease. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
GaryS. Logsdon, and Edwin C. Uppy. 1982, lOp EPA-
600/J-S2-269
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association
74:12, P649-655 1982.
Filtration is an important treatment process in the re-
moval of pathogenic microorganisms and the preven-
tion of waterbome disease. Historically, filtration was
responsible for reducing death and illness from water-
bome disease in 1871 in Germany. Other earty exam-
pies in the U.S. are given which demonstrate the influ-
ence of filtration on the decline of morbidity and mor-
tality from typhoid fever. Recent waterbome disease
outbreaks are examined and the causes attributed to
the lack of filtration or faulty operation and mainte-
nance of the process. Riot plant data and results from
full-scale operation are presented to illustrate the ef-
fectiveness of various forms of filtration in reducing mi-
crobial populations to concentrations that are easily
controlled by disinfection.
Keywords: 'Filtration, Prevention, Water treatment.
Microorganisms, Reprints, 'Water pollution control.
Pathogens.
PB83-157552 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Traingle
PanXNC.
Dtoromoetnane Effects on the Induction of
Gamma-Glutamyl-TranspepBdase Positive Pod in
Rat Uver. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Coll. of Medicine.
Michael M. Milks, Stephen R. Witt, Ibrahim All, Michael
A. Pereira, and Daniel Couri. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-S2-
272
Grant EPA-CR-807378
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology 51, p27-351982.
The initiating and promoting activities of 1.2-dibro-
moethane in rat liver were investigated using the
enzyme-altered foci bioassay. The incidence of
gamrna-gtutamyMrenspeptidase (GGTJ-positive foci
was used as an eariy histochemical marker for hepato-
carcinogenests. To determine the initiating activity of
1.2-dtoromoethane, the halogenated hydrocarbon was
administered orally in com oil as single or multiple
doses (60 or 120 mg/kg) either before or after partial
hepatectomy. The animals were then given a promot-
ing regimen of 500 ppm phenobarbital in their drinking
water. No increase in the incidence of GGT-posftive
foci was observed in any of the 1.2-dibromoethane ini-
tiation groups.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Liver, Pathol-
ogy, IngestJon(Biology), Dosage, Reprints, *Ethane/di-
bromo, 'Glutamyl transpeptidase.
PB83-157560 PC A02/MF A01
Ability of Standard Toxicity Tests to Predict the
Effects of the Insecticide Diflubenzuron on Labo-
ratory Stream Communities. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stephen R. Hansen, and Ronald R. Garton. 1 Jun 82,
18p EPA-600/J-82-264
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc-
es, v39 n9 p1273-1288 1982. Abstract in French and
English.
The authors assessed the ability of a standard set of
freshwater single species toxicity test to predict accu-
rately effects of the insecticide diflubenzuron (1-(4-
chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoy!)urea) on complex
laboratory stream communities. The single-species
tests complied with requirements prescribed for estab-
lishing freshwater quality criteria and included nine
freshwater animal acute tests, five freshwater animal
chronic tests, and one freshwater algal test. The
stream communities were stocked from a natural
source, equilibrated for 3 mo and then treated with di-
flubenzuron for 5 mo. Effects on these stream commu-
nities were assessed at the functional group level
using biomass and diversity for the analysis.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bioassay, 'Insecticides,
Fresh water, Tests, Criteria, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Prediction, Reprints, ^Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Dimilin, Benzamide/N-
((chtorophenyt)amino)carbonyl)-difluoro.
PB83-157578 PC A02/MF A01
Neurophystologlcal Alterations due to Diesel Ex-
haust Exposure during the Neonatal Life of the
Rat Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Dana Laurie, and William K. Boyes. 1981, 8p EPA-
600/J-81-607
Pub. in Environment International, v5 D363-368 1981.
This study was designed to assess the effects of diesel
exhaust on the development of the nervous system in
rats as measurably somatosensory and visual evoked
potentials (SEPs an VEPs, respectively). SEPs, elicited
by 1 mamp, 0.5 msec pulses delivered to the tibial
nerve at the tibale, were recorded from the skull over-
tying the somatosensory projection area on days 28,
35,42, and 49 postconception (pc).
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Nervous system,
"Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Embryos,
Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Diesel engine ex-
haust, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-157586 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Enhancement of GGTaso-Posltive
Fod and Induction of Omtthlna Decarboxylase in
Rat Uver by Barbiturates. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael A. Pereira, Russell E. Savage, Jr.,, Sydna L.
Herren, and Charles W. Guion. 20 Dec 81, 6p EPA-
600/J-82-271
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v3 n2 p147-150 1982.
The induction of omtthine decarboxylase (ODC) by
barbiturates and the ability of barbiturates to enhance
neoptastic progression of chemically initiated cancer
was examined in rat liver. All seven barbiturates in-
duced ODC with barbrtal (7.7 fold increase) and phe-
nobarbital (5.7 fold increase) demonstrating the most
potent activity. Maximum induction of ODC by pheno-
barbital was obtained in 18 h. Barbrtal (500-5000
p.p.m.) and phenobarbital (500 p.p.m.) administered in
the drinking water enhanced the appeamace of dieth-
ylnrtrosamine (DENA)-initiated gamma-glutamyttran-
speptidase (GGTase)-positiye foci. Amobarbital, hexa-
barbital andpentabarbita! did not enhance the appear-
ance of GGTase-positive foci. In the absence of previ-
ous initiation by DENA, the enhancing regimen of the
1428 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
barbiturates did not cause the appearance of GGTase-
positive foci. Barbiturates induced ODC activity in rat
liver and enhanced the incidence of DENA initiated
GGTase-positive foci.
Keywords: 'Barbiturates, Rats, Liver, Malignant neo-
plasms, Comparison, Reprints, Cancer, GGTase, *Or-
nithine decarboxylase, 'Carcinogenesis.
PB83-157594 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Long-Term Variation Study of Blood Plasma
Levels of Chloroform and Related Purgeable
Compounds. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
Carl D. Pfaffenberger, and Anita J. Peoples. 1982,12p
EPA-600/J-82-270
GrantEPA-CR-807714
Pub. Jnl. of Chromatography 239, p217-226 1982.
Values for circulating plasma chloroform or chloroform
precursors of 25 white adult females were monitored
for 6 months during Phase I of a four-phase long term
variation study. The data suggested four major expo-
sure categories. Category I (20%) had average chloro-
form levels < 10 ppb^and variation ranges < 10 ppb*
and variation ranges < 10 ppb. Category II (24%) had
average levels off 0-25 ppb and ranges of < 10 ppb.
Category III (20%) had average levels of 10-25 ppb
and ranges of < 20 ppb. Category IV (28%) had aver-
age chloroform levels of > 25 ppb and variation
ranges > 20 ppb. Although the participants had been
carefully screened to exclude incidents of occupation-
al and recreational exposure, three subjects in catego-
ry IV experienced obvious incidence of acute exposure
to either chloroform or a chloroform precursor. In
these situation circulating plasma chloroform levels
were between 1655 ppb and 4000 ppb.
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Blood plasma, Exposure,
Humans, Females, Reprints.
PBS3-157602 PC A04/MF A01
Controlling Cadmium In the Human Food Chain: A
Review and Rationale Based on Health Effects.
Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James A. Ryan, Herbert R. Pahren, and James B.
Lucas. 21 Nov 80, 54p EPA-600/J-82-265
Pub. in Environmental Research 28, p251 -3021982.
Cadmium can cause acute and chronic illness in
humans. The evidence for inclusion of Cd among the
elements known to be human carcinogens is insuffi-
cient There is scientifically recognized agreement that
renal tubular damage and pulmonary emphysema are
the two cardinal pathological lesions associated with
excessive Cd exposure. Renal tubular damage is the
chronic effect attributed to environmental Cd exposure
for the nonoccupationally exposed population. For the
nonoccupabonaKy exposed population the primary
routes of Cd exposure are through food and tobacco
smoke. Most persons are in an approximate Cd bal-
ance and tend to accrete Cd until approximately age
50, after which a negative balance ensues.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Food chain, Humans, Physilo-
gical effects. Dosage, Responses, Diets, Reprints,
Pharmacokinetics, Mutagenests, Carcinogenesis.
'Toxic substances.
PB83-157743 PC A13/MF A01
VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Fugitive Emis-
sions In Petroleum Refining Industry - Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Don R. Goodwin. Nov 82,282p EPA-450/3-81-015A
SeealsoPB-286158.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) fugitive emissions from the pe-
troleum refining industry are being proposed under
Section 111 of the dean Air Act These standards
would apply to fugitive emission sources of VOC within
new, modified, and reconstructed petroleum refinery
compressors and process units. This document con-
tains background information and environmental and
economic impact assessments of the regulatory alter-
natives considered in developing the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Regulations, 'Refineries, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Leakage, Revisions, Sources, Substitutes, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Standards, Cost analysis, 'Volatile
organic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB83-157750 PC A09/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC.
Redistribution of Accessory Elements In Mining
and Mineral Processing. Part II. Uranium, Phos-
phate, and Alumina. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1979,181 p ISBN-0-309-02899-X
Library of Congress catalog card no. 79-90468. Spon-
sored in part by Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. See also Part 1, PB83-157768.
The principal objectives of the study are to examine
potentially harmful consequences of element redistri-
bution on the environment and to assess the opportu-
nities for economic byproduct recovery of accessory
elements. Attention is focused on mining and process-
ing methods because of the important role of technol-
ogy in the redistribution and recovery of accessory ele-
ments and compounds. The study also points out re-
search needed for improving our understanding of en-
vironmental consequences and byproduct potential of
large-scale mining activities. A principal reason for the
study is the expectation that major increases in do-
mestic production of many mineral commodities will
occur, either as a result of changing national policies
or actions abroad, which may result in important by-
product recovery. The report does not address health
problems that might result from the redistribution of ac-
cessory elements, but it does discuss redistribution
pathways through which toxic elements may reach the
environment, thus providing an alert to potential health
hazards.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Materials recovery, 'Pollution,
'Uranium ores, Phosphate deposits, Aluminum ores,
Bonification, Processing, Byproducts, Aluminum oxide,
Environment impacts, Tailings, Wastes, Solid waste
disposal, Pollution control.
PB83-157768 PC A09/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC.
Redistribution of Accessory Elements in Mining
and Mineral Processing. Part I. Coal and Oil Shale.
Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1979,191p ISBN-0-309-02897-3
Library of Congress catalog card no. 79-9p468. Spon-
sored in part by Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. See also Part 2, PB83-157750.
The principal objectives of the study are to examine
potentially harmful consequences of element redistri-
bution on the environment and to assess the opportu-
nities for economic byproduct recovery of accessory
elements. Attention is focused on mining and process-
ing methods because of the important role of technolo-
gy in the redistribution and recovery of accessory ele-
ments and compounds. The study also points out re-
search needed for improving the understanding of en-
vironmental consequences and byproduct potential of
large-scale mining activities. A principal reason for the
study is the expectation that major increases in do-
mestic production of many mineral commodities will
occur, either as a result of changing national policies
or actions abroad, which may result in important by-
product recovery. The report does not address health
problems that might result from the redistribution of ac-
cessory elements, but it does discuss redistribution
pathways through which toxic elements may reach the
environment, thus providing an alert to potential health
hazards.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Materials recovery, 'Pollution,
'Coal. 'Oil shale, Beneficiation, Processing, Byprod-
ucts, Environmental impacts, Coal preparation,
Wastes, Air pollution, Pollution control.
PB83-158600 PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Revisions to Reduce Number of Tra-
verse Points In Method f: Background Information
Document,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Roger T. Shigehara. Aug 82,19p EPA-450/3-82-016A
This document summarizes the data from several
studies on the number of traverse points specified by
EPA Method 1. This summary is used as the basis for
revising Method 1 to utilize a lesser number of traverse
points.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sampling, Velocity, Particles,
Error analysis, *EPA method 1, 'Traverse points, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB83-158659 PC A04/MF A01
Supplement to Final Environmental Impact State-
ment for Proposed Issuance of a New Source Na-
tional Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Permit to Estech, Inc.'a Duette Mine, Manatee
County, Florida.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Dec 82, 71 p EPA-904/9-82-104
Estech, Inc. has proposed an open pit phosphate
mine, beneficiation plant, and rock dryer on a 10,394-
acre site in northeastern Manatee County, Florida. The
proposed project was addressed in an Environmental
Impact Statement prepared by EPA. Since publication
of the Final EIS in September 1980, Estech has made
several revisions in their project plans. This Supple-
ment to the Final EIS examines the new and revised
project alternatives, impacts of the alternatives, and
mitigative measures to avoid or minimize adverse im-
pacts.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Open pit mining, Beneficiation, Drying apparatus,
Substitutes, Air pollution, Water pollution, Florida,
'Phosphate mining.
PB83-159186 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Odors from Stationary and Mobile Sources. Final
rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1979, 51 Op
Contract EPA-68-01-4655
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report deals with the sources and measurement
of odors in the ambient air, with their effects on human
health and welfare, and with the methods and costs of
controlling them. Topics covered include odor percep-
tion, effects of odors on the health and welfare of
people, measurement of odors, technology of odor
control, methods of assessing the benefits of odor
control and legal aspects. The report makes recom-
mendations regarding the establishment of federal
ambient-air quality or emission standards for odors.
Keywords: 'Odors, 'Motor vehicles, Odor control,
Public health, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Assess-
ments, Regulations, Chemical analysis, Transport
properties, 'Stationary sources, Air quality.
PB83-159228 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Leather Tanning Industry.
Final rept,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
Donald J. Wissman, Richard E. Seltzer, and Arthur C.
Barker. Nov 82, 182pEPA-440/2-82-018
Contracts EPA-68-01-5858, EPA-68-01-4632
EPA issued final effluent guidelines and limitations for
the leather tanning industry in November 1982. This
report estimates the economic impact of pollution con-
trol costs in terms of the effects on profitability, plant
closure, unemployment, price changes and foreign
trade. A model plant approach is used to assess these
impacts for nine tanning subcategories, with separate
models for direct and indirect discharges. As back-
ground for the impact analysis, the report contains
chapters on the structure of the industry, a financial
characterization of the industry, and an analysis of
price determination in the hide and leather markets.
Impacts are assessed for BPT, BAT, PSES and new
source standards. A separate chapter analyzes im-
pacts on small business.
December 1983 1429
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Economic impact 'Effluents, 'Standards,
Profits, Unemployment Prices, International trade, Air
pollution control, Water pollution control, Regulations,
^Pollution control, 'Leather industry, Leather tanning.
PB83-158285 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement, Blount County,
Tennessee, Wastewater Faculties (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Dec 62,241 p EPA-904/9-82-103
This Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for Blount County, Tennessee. Ten wastewater
management alternatives nave been evaluated with
particular attention to water quality in the area's sur-
face and groundwater resources and the impacts of
projected population growth on the natural and human
resources of the Blount County Area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Environmental
impact statements - draft. Construction, Feasibility,
Population growth, Sewers, Vegetation, Land use, Ar-
chaeology, Water quality, Streams, Tennessee, Maps,
Economic factors. Odor, Maps, Blount
CountyfTennessee), lnterceptors(Sewers).
PB83-159301 PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of lite Jacona Fuel System under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav-
ing* Act Technical rapt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Aug 82,31 p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-2
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Jacona Fuel System under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act The evaluation of the Jacona
Fuel System was conducted upon receiving an appli-
cation from the inventor/marketer of the device. The
Jacona Fuel System is an electrically-powered in-line
fuel heater that is installed between the fuel pump and
the fuel induction system. This device is claimed to im-
prove fuel economy of a vehicle without adversely af-
fecting emissions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel systems, Fuel pumps. Carburet-
ors, Heating equipment Performance evaluation,
Jacona fuel system.
PB83-159319 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Advanced Biological Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater through Aquacutture. Final rept 1977-
79.
Oklahoma State Dept of Health. Oklahoma City.
Dempsey H. HaM, and Joel E. Shelton. Jan 83,94p
EPA-600/2-83-007
Grant EPA-R-803703
The studtes were conducted using two four-celled
raceways constructed in series, adjacent to a primary
wastewater stabilization pond. One raceway func-
tioned as the experimental system, while the other
served as a control condition-1 experimental phase,
which used a source of wastewater from the primary
wastewater stabilization pond, and (2) condftion-2 ex-
perimental phase, which used a source of wastewater
from the primary darifier of an activated sludge treat-
ment plant that also provided the source of
wastowotor to the primary wastewater stabilization
pond. Under both experimental conditions the experi-
mental raceway was stocked with a native Oklahoma
fish. Pknephates promelas, at two stocking densities,
one for each experimental phase.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Apuaculture,
Lagoons(Ponds), Experimental data, Clarification,
Fishes, Biochemical oxygen demand. Nutrients, Mor-
taSty, Oxygen, Stresses, Retaining, Growth,
ReproductiorKBiotogy), Suspended soids, 'Pime-
phates
PB83-159384 PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Dynamlx Device under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Coat Savings
Act Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Aug 82,38p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-11
This document announces the conclusion the EPA
evaluation of the Dynamix device under the provisions
of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act The evaluation of the Dynamix was
conducted upon receiving a request from the inventor
of the device. The Dynamix device is claimed to permit
an unmodified conventional engine to operate effi-
ciently on a blend of gasoline and hydrous ethyl alco-
hol. The ratio of gasoline to alcohol is selected by the
operator. The device consists of an alcohol fuel stor-
age and handling system, an alcohol/gasoline fuel
proportioning valve, and an alcohol/heated air induc-
tion system. The Dynamix meters vaporized alcohol
and hot air directly into the intake manifold of a vehicle.
The flow of gasoline is controlled by the flow of alco-
hol.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Automotive fuels, Ethyl alcohol, Gas-
oline, Valves, Mixtures, Performance evaluation.
PB83-159392 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Coal Mining Industry. Final
rept
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Oct 82,75p EPA-440/2-82-006
Contract EPA-68-01 -4466
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent guidelines and limitations for the Coal Mining
Point Source Category in September 1982. This report
estimates the economic impact of pollution control
costs in terms of price changes, effects on profitability,
potential mine closures, unemployment and other
secondary effects. A linear program is used to esti-
mate these impacts and the supply of coal in the spot
contract and metalurgical coal markets. Impacts on
new coal preparation facilities are also examined.
Keywords: 'Economic impact 'Effluents, 'Standards,
Coal mining, Air pollution control. Water pollution con-
trol, Prices, Profits, Unemployment
Supply(Economics), Regulations, 'Coal industry, 'Pol-
lution control.
PB83-159731 PC A04/MF A01
Economic Analysis for the Final Rule to Exclude
Closed and Controlled Processes from the PCS
(Porychlorlnated Btpherryts) Ban Rule. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Amy Moll. Sep 82,66p EPA-540/4-82-006
In May, 1979 EPA promulgated the original PCS ban
rule, which permitted the manufacture, processing, dis-
tribution, and use of PCBs in concentrations less than
50 ppm. The Court remanded the rule to EPA because
EPA did not present sufficient evidence to justify the
50 ppm cut-off decision. The Court ordered that a rule
dealing with the incidental generation of PCBs in
closed and controlled manufacturing processes be
promulgated by October 13, 1982. EPA is promulgat-
ing a final rule which excludes closed and controlled
processes from the PCB ban. This report estimates the
costs and benefits of the final rule as well as the other
regulatory alternatives considered by EPA.
Keywords: 'Economic impact 'Regulations,
Concentratkxi(Composition), Manufacturing, Utiliza-
tions. Substitutes, Benefit cost analysis, 'Porychtori-
nated biphenyls.
PB83-159798 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 23-24. Rept.
for Jut-Dec 80.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL
Apr 81,149p EPA/520/5-82-0111
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
published quarterly (five months after the quarter being
monitored). The report includes data from the Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS) and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing states. The ERAMS monitors environmental media
for radioactive contaminants in air, precipitation, sur-
face water, drinking water, and milk samples collected
by state and local agencies throughout the United
States. Specific radiocnemical analyses include gross
alpha, gross beta, gamma, tritium, 14C, 85Kr, 1311,89-
90Sr, 226Ra, 238-239PU, and 234-235-238U. All data
and associated 2 sigma counting errors are reported in
standard units. Precision and accuracy of the data are
ensured by duplicate analyses and participation in in-
ternal and external quality assurance programs.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium
90, Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235,
Tables(Data), Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium
234, Uranium 238.
PB83-159913 PC A02/MF A01
Solicitation for Research Grant Proposals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Sep 82,25p 600/8-B2-027
The solicitation describes the principal areas of inter-
est and specific research needs and topics of the ex-
ploratory research grants assistance program. The so-
licitation also discusses eligibility and procedures for
applying for a grant.
Keywords: 'Grants, Methodology, Environments,
Manuals, Research projects.
PB83-159939 PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Turbo-Carb Device under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav-
ings Act Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Aug 82,31p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-12
In November, 1981, the EPA received a request from
the U.S. Postal Service to evaluate the claims for the
Turbo-Carb. EPA agreed to conduct an evaluation of
this device under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle In-
formation and Cost Savings Act. The Turbo-Carb is a
one-inch thick carburetor adapter plate which inserts a
mesh screen and swirl devices between the carburetor
and intake manifold. The device is claimed to improve
the preparation of the fuel/air mixture and thereby im-
prove fuel economy and performance.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Carburetors, Manifolds, Adapters,
Performance evaluation, Turbo-Carb device.
PB83-161018 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Characteristics of Package Water
Treatment Plants. Final rept Dec 78-Dec 81,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
James M. Morand, and Matthew J. Young. Dec 82,84p
EPA-600/2-82-101
This study was undertaken to collect reliable onsite in-
formation on the quality of treated water produced by
package plants. Six plants in operation year around
were selected to be representative of those serving
small populations and were monitored to assess their
performance. Plants selected used surface water
sources. Sampling trips were made over a 2 year
period. At each plant samples were collected of the
raw water, the treated water, and water from the distri-
bution system. Turbidity, total coliform, and chlorine re-
sidual data were collected on all visits. Standard plate
counts, chemicals listed in the USEPA Drinking Water
Regulations, and trihatomethanes were determined
intermittently.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Packaged
sewage plants, Water quality, Monitoring, Turbidity,
Coliform bacteria, Chlorine, Hazardous materials,
Methane, HaJohydrocarbons, Layout pH, Design, Po-
table water, Regulations, Standards.
1430 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-161505 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Initiation/Promotion Assay for Chemical Carcino-
gens In Rat Liver. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Sydna L Herren, Michael A. Pereira, Alfred L. Britt, and
Martene K. Khoury. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-273
Contract EPA-68-03-2870
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 12, p143-150 1982.
A short-term initiation/promotion bioassay has been
developed in rat liver using putative preneoplastic foci
as the endpoint for the detection of chemical carcino-
gens. The two protocols of the bioassay used in this
study were varied according to the time 2/3 partial he-
patectomy was performed in relation to when the initia-
tor or test substance was given. After 7 weeks of pro-
motion with phenobarbital in the drinking water, the
rats were killed and the liver was sectioned, stained,
and scored for gammaglutamyl transpepitdase
(GGTase)-positive foci.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, "Toxicology, Rats, Liver, Detec-
tion, Carcinogens, Laboratory animals, Chemical com-
pounds, Reprints, *Carcinogenesis.
PB83-161646 PC A03/MF A01
Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems - Performance Specification Guidelines for
SO2, NOx, C02,02, and TRS.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Dec 82,32p EPA-450/3-82-026
This document serves as a guideline for vendors, pur-
chasers, and operators of gaseous continuous emis-
sion monitoring systems and offers suggestions for
equipment performance and specifications, test proce-
dures, and data reduction procedures for evaluating
the capabilities of these systems.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Performance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Sulfur, Tests, 'Con-
tinuous emission monitoring systems, Procedures.
PB83-162230 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Analytical Methods for the Determination of Poly-
cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Air Particulate
Matter. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
S. A. Wise, S. L Bowie, S. N. Chester, W. F. Cuthrell,
and W.E.May. 1982,11p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Proceedings of Potynuclear Aromatic Hydro-
carbons. International Symposium on Physical and Bi-
ological Chemistry, Columbus, Ohio, October 26-29,
1981, p919-929 1982.
Analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on urban air paniculate
matter are described. These methods consist of ex-
traction, isolation of PAH by normal-phase liquid chrc-
matography (LC) followed by analysis by gas chroma-
tography (GC) and reversed-phase LC. Quantitative
results obtained by GC and LC for an air particulate
material, which will be issued as a Standard Reference
Material, are compared.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution, 'Particles, Gas
chromatography, Urban areas, 'Standard reference
materials, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-162503 PC A03/MF A01
Suggested Plume Rise Algorithm for Small Point
Sources. Final rept,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Air Quality Planning Section.
Daniel R. D'Auben, and Dennis A. Lawler. Aug 82,27p
IEPA/APC/82-009, AQPSTR-82-7
The use of coal is increasing as a source of fuel for
small, industrial boilers with exhaust gases vented to
relatively short stacks. Conversions by gas or oil users
to coal fired boilers, increase the amount of pollutants
that are emitted to the air and enhance the importance
of adequately predicting the ground level pollutant
concentration due to the source. Accounting for the
rise of the plume and the presence of stack aerody-
namic effects on the plume has become critical. This
paper discusses the history of the development of an-
alytical techniques for determining the rise of a plume
after its release, particularly when the physical stack
structure inhibits the rise of the plume. Also, an algo-
rithm is presented that represents state-of-the-art
methodologies for determining the plume rise. The
methodology uses parameters which are generally
available to the air quality scientist.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution, 'Algorithms,
Plumes, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Chimneys, Mathematical models, Electric power
plants, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Point sources, State
of the art. Numerical solution.
PB83-162834 PC A03/MF A01
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
First Report of the Interagency Toxic Substances
Data Committee.
Interagency Toxic Substances Data Committee,
Washington, DC.
Nov80,42p
Sponsored in part by Council on Environmental Qual-
ity, Washington, DC., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This is the first report of the Interagency Toxic Sub-
stances Data Committee (ITSDC) on its efforts to co-
ordinate classification, storage, and retrieval of chemi-
cal information. Since its inception in 1978, the ITSDC
has focused its efforts on the construction of a Chemi-
cal Substances Information Network (CSIN). The
Chemical Substances Information Network is de-
signed to facilitate efficient and widespread use of
many independent sources of chemical information.
By providing analytic capabilities and interconnections
between various kinds of data, it streamlines collection
and integration of information from diverse sources,
reducing the time and paperwork required to reach in-
formed decisions about chemical hazards and bene-
fits. CSIN will ultimately contribute to better decision-
making by all sectors of society as they grapple with
the known and unknown risks of chemicals.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Toxicology, Risks, 'Toxic substances,
'Chemical Substances Information Network, Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB83-163006 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Guide to the Identification, Environmental Re-
quirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater
Blue-Green Algae (Cyanophyta).
VanLandingham (Sam L), Cincinnati, OH.
Sam L. VanLandingham. Jul 82,352p EPA-600/3-82-
073
An illustrated key to 42 genera and 161 species of
Blue-green algae is provided. Information on the envi-
ronmental requirements and pollution tolerance of
these species was compiled from 430 references and
summarized on profile sheets. It is suggested that this
information be employed to evaluate data from plank-
ton and periphyton samples collected for the assess-
ment of water quality.
Keywords:
•Water
: 'Cyanophyta, 'Tolerances(Physiology),
pollution, Manuals, Identifying,
Dtstribution(Property), Taxonomy, Requirements,
Cells(Biology), Nutrients, pH, Drawings,
gradients, Habitats.
, Temperature
PB83-163014 PC A04/MF A01
Photochemical Reactivity of Perchloroethylene.
Final rept,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Basil Dimitriades, Bruce W. Gay, Jr., Robert R. Arnts,
and Robert L Seila. Jan 83, 73p EPA-600/3-83-001
Perchloroethylene (PCE), a solvent used in dry clean-
ing, has been suspected of contributing significantly to
photochemical ozone/oxjdant (03/Ox) problems in
urban atmospheres. Past evidence, however, was nei-
ther complete nor consistent To interpret more con-
clusively the past evidence, and further understand
PCE's role in the O3/Ox problem, a smog chamber
testing program was conducted. The program's objec-
tives were: (a) to generate additional evidence on the
mechanism of the PCE reaction in smog chamber at-
mospheres, and (b) to extrapolate the smog chamber
findings regarding PCE reactivity to the real atmos-
phere. Results snowed that (a) in smog chambers,
PCE reacts and forms O3/Ox following a Cl-instigated
photo-oxidation mechanism rather than the OH-initiat-
ed mechanism accepted in current smog chemistry
and (b) in the real atmosphere neither the Cl-instigated
nor the OH-instigated photooxidations of PCE can
generate substantial concentrations of 03/Ox. In fact,
PCE contributes less to the ambient O3/Ox problem
than ethane.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Oxidizers, Regula-
tions, Chlorine organic compounds, Dry cleaning,
Urban areas, Chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics,
Test chambers, Smog, 'Ethylene/tetrachloro, State
implementation plans.
PB83-163089 PC E99
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
San Francisco Bay Area National Urban Runoff
Protect.
Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conserva-
tion District, Hayward, CA.
Jun81,397p-in3v
Set includes PB83-163097 through PB83-163113.
No abstract available.
PB83-163097 PC A03/MF A01
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
San Francisco Bay Area National Urban Runoff
Project. Demonstration of Non-Point Source Pol-
lution Management on Castro Valley Creek: Exec-
utive Summary. Final rept.,
Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conserva-
tion District, Hayward, CA.
Robert Pitt, and Gary Shawley. Jun 81,39p
See also PB83-163105. Prepared in cooperation with
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
163089.
This report presents the results and conclusions from
an EPA-sponsored nonpoint source pollution manage-
ment project on Castro Valley Creek in Castro Valley,
CA, designed to correlate street cleaning and urban
runoff water quality. The study area was a suburban
1,542-acre watershed in the San Francisco Bay
region. To demonstrate the relationship between
street cleaning and runoff, the project was designed to
measure the following: (1) street cleaning effective-
ness (2) street surface pollutant loadings and (3) runoff
water quality. Data were analyzed to correlate street
surface pollutant loadings before rain events with
changes in runoff water pollution mass yields.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
'Castro Valley Creek, Streets, Cleaning, Correlation,
Rainfall, Measurement, Cost effectiveness, Water
quality, Comparison, Metals, California, 'Organic load-
ing.
PB83-163105 PC A09/MF A01
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
San Francisco Bay Area National Urban Runoff
Project Demonstration of Non-Point Source Pol-
lution Management on Castro Valley Creek: Main
Report,
Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conserva-
tion District, Hayward, CA.
Robert Pitt, and Gary Shawley. Jun 81,185p
See also PB83-163097, and PB83-163113. Prepared
in cooperation with Wood-Clyde Consultants, San
Francisco, CA.
Also available in set of 3 reports, PC E99, PB83-
163089.
This report presents the results and conclusions from
an EPA-sponsored nonpoint source pollution manage-
ment project on Castro Valley Creek in Castro Valley,
CA, designed to correlate street cleaning and urban
runoff water quality. The study area was a suburban
1,542-acre watershed in the San Francisco Bay
region. To demonstrate the relationship between
street cleaning and runoff, the project was designed to
measure the following: (1) street cleaning effective-
ness (2) street surface pollutant loadings and (3) runoff
water quality.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
'Castro Valley Creek, Streets, Cleaning, Cost effec-
December 1983 1431
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tiveness, Rainfall, Water quality, Asbestos, Water qual-
ity, Metals, Accumulation, Deposition, California, 'Or-
ganic loading.
PBB3-163113 PCA08/MFA01
Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, CA.
San Francisco Bay Area National Urban Runoff
Project. Demonstration of Non-Point Source Pol-
lution Management on Castro Valley Creek: Ap-
pendix,
Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conserva-
tion District, Hayward. CA.
Robert Pitt, and Gary Shawley. Jun 81,173p
See also PB83-163105, and PB83-163097. Prepared
in cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San
Francisco, CA.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
163089.
This report presents the results and conclusions from
an EPA-sponsored nonpoint source pollution manage-
ment project on Castro Valley Creek in Castro Valley,
CA, designed to correlate street cleaning and urban
rxinoff water quality. The study area was a suburban
1,542-acre watershed in the San Francisco Bay
region. To demonstrate the relationship between
street cleaning and runoff, the project was designed to
measure the following: (1) street cleaning effective-
ness (2) street surface pollutant loadings and (3) runoff
water quality. Data were analyzed to con-elate street
surface pollutant loadings before rain events with
changes in runoff water pollution mass yields.
Keywords: 'Runoff. •Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
'Castro Valley Creek, Streets, Cleaning, Cost effec-
tiveness, Yield, Tables(Data), Metals, Sulfur, Rainfall,
California, 'Organic loading.
PM3-163154 PC A99/MF EM
Waste and Water Management for Conventional
Coal Combustion: Assessment Report, 1980. Final
rapt Sep 79-Oct 80,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, C. B. Cooper, A. A. Balasco, D. E.
Ktejnschrrudt, and I. Bodek. Jan 83,825p EPA-600/7-
83-007
Contract EPA-68-02-2654
See also PB80-158884.
The report gives results of an assembly, review, eval-
uation, and reporting of data from research and devel-
opment, as well as commercial activities, as of mid-
1980 in the areas of: flue gas cleaning (FGC) waste
disposal/utilization; and power plant water manage-
ment, including recycle/treatment and reuse. The pur-
pose of these activities was to assist EPA in conduct-
ing an on-going research and development program in
these two areas. The report focuses on: (1) evaluation
of the technical, regulatory, economic, and environ-
mental aspects of FGC waste disposal/utilization op-
tions (recommendations were made on measures to
fill information gaps, including research to develop ad-
ditional data); and (2) evaluation of the technical, regu-
latory, engineering/economic, and environmental as-
pects of power plant water recycle/treatment/reuse.
Again, recommendations were made to cover gaps ex-
isting in 1980.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution
control, Air pollution control, Technology, Regulations,
Economic analysis. Environmental impacts, Scrub-
bing, Electric power plants. Industrial waste treatment,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Flue gases,
Assessments, 'Waste recycling, 'Waste water reuse,
Rue gas desulfurization.
PB83-163402 PC A02/MF A01
Phosphorus Inactivation by Zirconium In a Eutro-
phtc Pond. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
WiHiam D. SanvHte, Charles F. Powers, Gerald S.
Schuytema, Francis S. Stay, and William L Lauer.
1982,12p EPA-600/J-82-223
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v54 n5 D434-443 May 82.
EutrophicatJon control remains a critical phase in the
management of freshwater ecosystems. A fundamen-
tal approach is fimrtabon of nutrients through diversion
or advanced waste treatment However, trophic state
improvement may not be obtained in systems with
~ ' ) characteristics or in systems that recycle
i of nutrients from enriched sediments.
In such cases in situ treatment is a possible option.
The authors conducted a systematic laboratory eval-
uation of a group of potential phosphorus inactivants.
Zirconium tetrachloride, zirconyl chloride, lanthanum
(La) rare earth carbonate, lanthanum rare earth chlo-
ride, sodium aluminate, aluminum sulfate, sodium
tungstate, titanium sulfate, and a crude zirconium refin-
ery waste were evaluated for P-removal efficiency and
toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution control, Nu-
trients, Zirconium, Zirconium chlorides, Phytoplankton,
Lanthanum, Chlorides, Carbonates, Sodium, Alumi-
nates, Aluminum sulfate, Tungstates, Titanium sul-
fates, Toxicity, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Re-
prints, 'Eutrophication.
PB83-163410 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Systems for Exposing Mice to 2,450-MHz Electro-
magnetic Fields. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Bioelectromagnetics Re-
search Lab.
Chung-Kwang Chou, and Arthur W. Guy. 1982,14p
EPA-600/J-82-279
Contract EPA-68-02-3287
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 3, p401-4121982.
Two systems for exposing mice to 2,450-MHz electro-
magnetic fields are described. In a waveguide system,
four mice were placed in a Styrofoam cage and ex-
posed dorsally to circularly polarized electromagnetic
fields. The temperature and humidity in the mouse
holder were kept constant by forced-air ventilation. For
1 -W input power to the waveguide, the average specif-
ic absorption rate (SAR) was determined by twin-well
calorimetry to be 3.60 plus or minus 0.11 (SE) W/kg in
27-g mice. The maximum SAR at the skin surface de-
termined thermographically was 8.36 W/kg in tf.3 head
of the mouse. The second system was a miniature an-
echoic chamber. Six mice were irradiated dorsally to
far field plane waves. Copper shielding and high-tem-
perature absorbing material were lined inside the
chamber to accommodate the high input power.
Keywords: 'Electromagnetic fields, 'Radiation effects,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Reprints.
PB93-163428 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, OH.
Determination of Trace Amounts of Selenium In
Com, Lettuce, Potatoes, Soybeans, and Wheat by
Hydride Generation/Condensation and Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept of Chemistry.
Mark H. Ham, Roy W. Kuennen, Joseph A. Caruso,
and Fred L Fricke. 1981, 6p EPA-600/J-81 -608
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v29 n4
P792-7961981.
Because of the nutritional and toxicologies! signifi-
cance of low selenium concentrations in agricultural
crops, a procedure utilizing wet digestion followed by
hydride generation/condensation-flame atomic ab-
sorption was developed for the routine analysis of se-
lenium in different varieties of soybeans, wheat pota-
toes, lettuce, and sweet com. The lowest quantifiable
level, based on 2 g of sample, is 1 ng/g (dry weight) for
all crop types studied. The precision for the total analy-
sis is 3.7% relative standard deviation (RSD) at a
mean concentration of 100 ng/g and 13% RSD at a
mean concentration of 1 ng/g. Sample recoveries,
precision studies, and analyses of NBS reference ma-
terials demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of this
technique. A summary of results for 830 crop samples
is reported.
Keywords: 'Selenium, Spectroscopy, Com, Lettuce,
Potatoes, Soybeans, Wheat
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Trace
amounts, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-163436 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Determination of Background Levels of Lead and
Cadmium In Raw Agricultural Crops by Using Dif-
ferential Pulse Anodic Stripping Vottammetry.
Journal article,
Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH. Ele-
mental Analysis Research Center.
R. Duane Satzger, Charles S. Clow, Evelyn Bonnin,
and Fred L Fricke. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-82-277
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v65 n4 p987-991 1982.
A method is described for the simultaneous determina-
tion of ultratrace levels of lead and cadmium in select-
ed agricultural crop samples by differential pulse
anodic stripping voltametry. Samples are dry ashed at
high temperature with H2SO4 as an ashing aid. Tech-
niques are described to control the lead and cadmium
blank levels of 2 ng and 0.4 ng, respectively. Typical
relative standard deviations for the crop analyses are
13% at 100 microgram/g and 25% at 10 microgram/g
for lead, and 5% at 100 microgram/g and 10% at 10
microgram/g for cadmium. The lowest quantifiable
level based on 3 g dry sample, is 2 microgram/g for
lead and 1 microgram/g for cadmium. Recovery stud-
ies, precision studies, and analyses of NBS Standard
Reference Materials demonstrate the accuracy and re-
producibility of this technique. A summary of results for
over 1700 crop samples is reported.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Cadmium, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Farm crops, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Differential
pulse anodic stripping voltametry.
PB83-163444 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
'Legkmella' Incidence and Density In Potable
Drinking Water Supplies. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Microbiology.
David L. Tison, and Ramon J. Seidler. 1983,5p EPA-
600/J-83-002
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n1 p337-339Jan83.
The incidence and density of Legionella spp. in raw
water, water at various stages of treatment and in po-
table distribution water were determined by direct im-
munofluorescence. The number of cells reacting with
Legionella-specific fluorescent antibody conjugates in
raw waters ranged from about 10,000 to 100,000
cells/liter, whereas the concentrations of fluorescent
antibody-positive cells in the distribution waters were
generally 10- to 100-fold lower than in the raw source
waters. No viable or virulent Legionella strains were
isolated from either the source or distribution waters.
However, Legionella sp. are infrequently isolated from
water at temperatures below 15C as was the case in
the systems surveyed in this study.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Bacteria, Isolation, Re-
prints, 'Drinking water, 'Legionella, Fluorescent anti-
body technic.
PB83-1634S1 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Chlorine Treatment on Infecttvtty of
Hepatitis A Virus. Journal article,
Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chica-
go, IL
David A. Peterson, Thomas R. Hurley, John C. Hoff,
and Lauren G. Wolfe. 1983,7p EPA-600/J-83-001
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n1 p223-227Jan83.
This study examined the effect of chlorine treatment
on the infectivity of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Prodromal
chimpanzee feces, shown to induce hepatitis in mar-
mosets (Saguinus sp.), was clarified, and the virus was
precipitated with 7% polyethylene glycol 6000, har-
vested and resuspended. The suspension was layered
onto 5 to 30% linear sucrose gradients and centri-
fuged; the fractions containing HAV were dialyzed, and
a 1:500,000 dilution of this preparation induced hepati-
tis and seroconversion in 2 of 4 marmosets. A 1:50 di-
lution of this preparation served as inoculum. Untreat-
ed inoculum induced overt hepatitis and seroconver-
sion in 100% (5 of 5) of marmosets inoculated intra-
muscularly.
Keywords: 'Hepatitis viruses, 'Chlorination, 'Disinfec-
tion, Viruses, Treatment Monkeys, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, Hepatitis A virus.
PBS3-163469 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
1432 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Metabolism and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Binding of Benzo(a)pyrene In Cultured Human
Bladder and Bronchus. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
Gary D. Stoner, F. Bernard Daniel, Kathleen M.
Schenck, Herman A. J. Schut, and Peter J. Goldblatt.
30 Nov 82,9p EPA-600/J-82-274
Grant EPA-R-807670
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v3 n2 p195-201 1982.
The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was exam-
ined in ex-plant cultures of human bladder and bron-
chus. Three-day cultures were exposed to radiola-
beled BP for 24 h, and the metabolism was determined
by analysis of the level of binding of reactive metabo-
lites to DNA, and by the release of metabolites into the
medium. For a given individual, the DNA binding level
and extent of metabolism was usually higher in the
bladder than in the bronchus.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Pyr-
enes, Humans, Metabolism, Bladder(Urinary), Aromat-
ic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cu(tures(Biology), Malig-
nant neoplasms, Binding, Reprints, 'Benzopyrene,
Carcinogenesis, Cancer.
PB83-163477 PC A02/MF A01
7,12-CHmethylbenz(a)anthracene-
Deoxyribonucteoside Adduct Formation 'In vivo':
Evidence for the Formation and Binding of a Mon-
ohydroxymethyl-DMBA
(Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene) Metabolite to Rat
Liver DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. J. Joyce, and F. B. Daniel. 1982, 7p EPA-600/J-82-
275
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v3 n3 p297-301 1982.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl
benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a potent carcinogen to
the female Sprague-Dawley rat, and when adminis-
tered under conditions that have been shown to
produce cancer, results in extensive formation of hy-
drocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adducts. Sephadex
LH-20 and reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and spectrofluoro-
metric analysis of these adducts demonstrate that at
least one adduct results from the binding of 7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,4-
dihvdroxy-1,2-oxide.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Rats, Liver, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Parenteral infu-
sions, Chemical analysis, Fluorescence, Aromatic po-
lycyclic hydrocarbons, Malignant neoplasms, Reprints,
•Benzanthracene/dimethyl, *Benzanthracene/hy-
droxymethyl-dimethyl, High performance liquid chrc-
matography, Cancer.
PB83-163485 PC A03/MF A01
Marine and Estuarine Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Donald J. Reish, Gill G. Geesey, Frank G. Wilkes,
Phillip S. Oshida, and Alan J. Meams. 1982,29p EPA-
600/J-82-276
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
V54n6p786-8121982.
This literature review summarizes current data on the
effects of pesticides and metals on marine organisms,
aquatic environmental research methods, bioaccumu-
lation of pollutants by estuarine and marine organisms,
and in water sediment residues and biota. Results of
studies of the environmental effects of dredging,
dumping, wastewater sludge and complex effluents
are reported. The occurrence of diseases and tissue
abnormalities in fishes is discussed, as well as re-
search related to marine oil pollution.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Metals, 'Pesticides, Resi-
dues, Reprints, Literature surveys, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Btoaccumulation, 'Oil pollution,
'Toxic substances.
PB83-163543 PC A15/MF A01
Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry - Background
Information for Proposed Standards,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Don R. Goodwin. Jul 81,339p EPA-450/3-81-008A
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from the rubber tire manufacturing industry
are being proposed under Section III of the Clean Air
Act. These standards would apply to the following
cement application operations: undertread cementing,
side wall cementing, tread end cementing, bead ce-
menting, inside green tire spraying, and outside green
tire spraying. This document contains background in-
formation and environmental and economic impact as-
sessments of the regulatory alternatives considered in
developing the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Tires, 'Rubber industry, 'Standards, 'Air
pollution control, 'Environmental impact statements-
draft, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Eco-
nomic impact, Revisions, Manufacturing, Process
charting, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Volatile organic compounds.
PB83-163949 PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards,
and Pretreatment Standards for the Pulp, Paper,
and Paperboard and the Builders' Paper and
Board Mills Point Source Categories. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Oct 82, 682p EPA/440/1-82/025
This document presents the findings of a study of the
pulp, paper, and paperboard and the builders' paper
and board mills point source categories. The purpose
of this study was to develop effluent limitations guide-
lines for existing and new point sources and to estab-
lish pretreatment standards for existing and new dis-
chargers to publicly owned treatment works. The infor-
mation presented in this document supports the fol-
lowing promulgated regulations: best practicable con-
trol technology currently available (BPT), best avail-
able technology economically achievable (BAT), new
source performance standards (NSPS), and pretreat-
ment standards for new and existing sources (PSNS
and PSES) for the pulp, paper, and paperboard and
the builders' paper and board mills point source cate-
gories. In this report, information is presented on data
gathering efforts, subcategorization, water use, pollut-
ant parameters, control and treatment technologies,
development of regulatory options, cost and non-water
quality considerations, and the methodology for devel-
opment of effluent limitations.
Keywords: 'Pulps, 'Papers, 'Paperboards, 'Stand-
ards, 'Guidelines, 'Water pollution control, Regula-
tions, Technology, Industrial waste treatment, 'Point
sources, 'Best technology, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, New source performance standards.
PB83-163956 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Mobility of Organic Compounds from Hazardous
Wastes,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
D. K. Brown, M. P. Maskarinec, F. W. Larimer, and C.
W. Francis. Feb 83,203p EPA/600/4-83-001
The disposal of municipal and industrial waste in land-
fills is a widely used waste management practice in the
United States. It has become evident during the past
few years that there has been serious environmental
damage and possible adverse human health effects
because of improper disposal of hazardous waste in
landfills. The primary objective of this research is to de-
velop a second generation test for mobility that will
more accurately and reproducibly model leachate pro-
duction, for organic as well as inorganic constituents,
in the previously described disposal environment. A
second important objective of this research program is
that the mobility test developed be compatible with
subsequent biological testing.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Transport properties, 'Inorganic compounds,
Sewage, Leaching, Extraction, Earth fills, Industrial
wastes, Sampling, Metals, Pesticides, Comparison,
Mutagens, Separation, Tables(Data), Spectrochemical
analysis, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Toxicity,
Solid wastes, High performance liquid chromatogra-
phy, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-163972 PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Status of EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Office of Mobile Sources Charac-
terization Projects as of March, 1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Thomas M. Baines. Oct 82,63p EPA/AA/CTAB/PA/
82-8
This report announces the assessment of Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control (OMSAPC) work on regu-
lated and unregulated emissions from a variety of cur-
rent and prototype engines. Extensive work is under-
way investigating the influence of various fuels on
light-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine emissions.
This work includes projects on alternate fuels such as
methanol as well as fuels derived from coal or oil
shale. Other projects include diesel engine character-
ization studies and evaluating aldehydes from high
mileage catalyst-equipped motor vehicles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Fuels, Methyl alcohol, Substitutes, Motor vehicles,
Diesel engines, Aldehydes, Alternate fuels, Catalytic
reactorsjExhaust systems), Light duty vehicles, Heavy
duty vehicles.
PB83-164038 PC A24/MF A01
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology for 1981 Held at Chi-
cago, Illinois on October 6-8,1981,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Ayer. Dec 82, 562p EPA-600/9-82-021
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
See also PB81-244808.
The report documents presentations at the Symposi-
um on Iron and Steel Pollution Abatement Technology
for 1981, Chicago, IL, October 6-8. The Symposium
provided a forum for the exchange of information on
technology problems related to air, water, and solid
waste pollution abatement in the iron and steel indus-
try. The opening session included presentations from
EPA, the American Iron and Steel Institute, and Citi-
zens for a Better Environment. The air session includ-
ed papers on inhalable participates, fugitive emission
control, coke plant emission control, innovative air pol-
lution technology, and iron and steelmaking emission
control. Solid waste papers were on RCRA (The Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act) and the steel
industry, electric arc furnace dust recovery/recycle
and treatment, and a panel on destruction of hazard-
ous wastes in iron and steel furnaces. The water ses-
sion included 14 papers on topics relating to water
reuse/recycle, coke plant wastewater treatment, and
new developments in wastewater treatment.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Meetings, Technology, Hazardous materials.
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Coking, Furnaces, Re-
circulation, Solid wastes, Fugitive emissions, Waste
water reuse.
PB83-164111 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Chemicals Codex. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Food
and Nutrition Board.
Nov 82,84p' ISBN-0-309-03338-1
EPA-68-01-5842
Library of Congress catalog card no. 82-62272
The Codex deals with the direct additives used to pre-
pare drinking water. These chemicals are categorized
according to use patterns, i.e. (a) coagulation and floc-
culation; (b) softening, precipitation and pH control; (c)
disinfection and oxidation; and (d) miscellaneous treat-
merit applications. Impurities discussed on those al-
ready identified by the National Interim Drinking Water
regulations as well as those deemed possible by virtue
of manufacturing process or chemical similarity to the
direct additive. The basic form of the Codex is a series
of individual monographs, each dealing with a specific
compound. Each such monograph contains descrip-
tive information such as physical properties, most
common usage and dosage as well as recommended
purity requirements.
December 1983 1433
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Additives, Coagulation,
Potable waster, Flocculation, Softening,
Preciprlation(Chemistry), pH, Disinfection, Oxidation,
Books, 'Chemical treatment.
PB83-164129 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene and DNA (Deoxy-
FMbonuctete Add) Adduct Formation in Cultured
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Journal article,
Columbia Univ., New York. Coll. of Physicians and Sur-
geons.
Gail Theall, Magdalena Eisinger, and Dezider
Grunberger. 1981,9pEPA-600/J-81-610
Grant EPA-CR-807282
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v2 n7 p581-587 1981.
Cultured human epidermal cells which require no
feeder layer were used to study metabolism of
benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and DNA adduct formation. The
cultures were prepared from a single cell suspension
and maintained at a pH of 5.9-6.2. At 2 micro M BP
some cell toxteity was observed, and substantial cell
death occurred at 4 micro M BP. The metabolism and
DNA binding of BP were followed from 6 to 48 h of in-
cubation. High pressure liquid chromatography
(h.p.l.c.) revealed that BP was metabolized into 9,10-
diol,7,8-diol, quinones, phenols and tetraqls of BP. The
prevalence of the minor DNA adducts varies as a func-
tion of the source of the primary skin cells. These re-
sults confirm that human cells with no feeder layer me-
tabolize BP and the resultant DNA damage is similar to
that found in other mammalian systems.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Humans, Epider-
mis, CellsfBiology). Reprints, 'Benzopyrene, •Keratin-
ocytes.
PM3-164202
PC A02/MF A01
Sludge - Recycling for Agricultural Use.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Oct 82,21 p EPA/430/9-82-008
This report provides an insight into how several com-
munities have successfully developed sludge manage-
ment programs that involve the recycling of municipal
sludge for agricultural use.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Agricultural products,
Recircutation, Fertilizers, 'Waste recycling, 'Sewage
sludge.
PB83-164475 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Consideration* in Granular Activated Carbon
Treatment of Combined Industrial Wastewaters.
Final rept 1 Sep 79-31 Aug 81,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson.
Marvin D. Piwoni, Chamg-Ching Lin, and William H.
Vfck. Feb 83,197p EPA-600/2-83-O09
The objective of this project was to examine the use of
activated carbon in reducing the content of biologically
resistant organic compounds in a combined industrial
wastewater treatment system. The inwestigation was
conducted in two stages: (1) characterize organic pri-
ority pollutants bio-refractory to a tullscate combined
industrial treatment system, and (2) evaluate add-on
activated carbon adsorption for removal of these prior-
ity pollutants.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds. Industrial waste treatment Adsorption, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, 'Granular activated carbon
treatment. Biological processes.
PB83-164483 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
PiuceeUfctgs of the Fundamental Combustion Re-
search Contractors Workshop (5th),
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
M. P. Heap. Jan 83,643p EPA-600/9-83-O01
ContractEPA-66-02-2631
These proceedings are for the Fifth EPA Fundamental
Combustion Research Contractors Workshop, held
January 23-25,1980, in Newport Beach, CA. The pur-
pose of the workshop was to exchange information be-
tween the various contractors engaged in fundamental
combustion research for EPA and to coordinate their
activities. In addition, the workshop provided for a
review of EPA's Fundamental Combustion Research
(FCR) Program by EPA's Science Advisory Board. The
workshop sessions dealt with gas-phase chemistry
and heterogeneous NO reduction, chemical and physi-
cal effects of thermal decomposition, bench-scale re-
actor studies, two-phase turbulent flames, and model
development The main thrust of EPA's FCR program
is elucidating the mechanism of NO formation from
fuel-bound nitrogen. Several papers addressed the
gas-phase conversion of fuel nitrogen species to NO,
N2, HCN, or NH3. Advanced diagnostic techniques
were used to investigate the physical changes taking
place during the thermal decomposition of pulverized
coal particles. Bench-scale reactor data were present-
ed on the conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen to NO in
liquid- and solid-fuel flames. Studies on turbulent diffu-
sion flames included detailed characterization of nons-
wiriing coal flames and methods of measuring droplet
size from fuel oil atomizers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion, 'Meetings,
Vapor phase, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Pyrolysis, Flames,
Mathematical models.
PB83-164723 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of the EPA PLUVUE Model and the
ERT Visibility Model Based on the 1979 VISTTA
(Visibility Impairment Due to Sulfur Transforma-
tion and Transport In the Atmosphere) Data Base.
Final rept,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Christian Seigneur, A. Belle Hudischewskyj, and
Robert W. Bergstrom. Jun 82,73p 82190, EPA-450/4-
82-008
Contracts EPA-68-02-3225, EPA-68-02-3582
This report presents the results of the evaluation of the
EPA PLUVUE model and the ERT Visibility model
based on the 1979 EPA VISTTA data base which was
obtained during the June-July and December 1979
field programs conducted at the Navajo Generating
Station. The overall evaluations were performed for
three different types of background conditions: clear
sky, dark mountain and hazy sky.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution, Visi-
bility, Nitrogen oxides, Information systems, Perform-
ance evaluation, Revisions, 'PLUVUE model, *ERT
visibility model.
PB83-164749 PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Environmental Assessment Data Base for Petrole-
um Refining Wastewaters and Residuals. Final
rept Jun 78-Jun 81,
Tulsa Univ., OK.
Francis S. Manning, and Eric M. Snider. Feb 83,242p
EPA-600/2-83-010
Grant EPA-R-805099
The objectives of this project were to develop an envi-
ronmental assessment data base for characterizing
and treatment of petroleum refinery wastewaters and
residual sludges, and recommendation of further re-
search needed to improve the data base. The project
was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 was the es-
tablishment of a Peer-Group Review Committee to
provide direction to the project and to ensure that a di-
versity of viewpoints was considered. Six eminent ex-
perts in the waste treatment field were chosen to serve
on the committee. Phase 2 involved the preparation of
four comprehensive state-of-the-art reviews, by out-
side consultants, to provide the environmental assess-
ment data base on refinery wastewaters and residual
sludges. Phase 3 included a critical examination of the
four individual state-of-the-art reviews, selection of
eight areas where further research was considered to
be needed to improve the data base, and preparation
of this report
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Refineries, 'In-
formation systems, Petroleum industry, Assessments,
Reviews, Industrial waste treatment 'Sludge disposal,
Solid wastes, State of the art
PB83-1647S6 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Economic Benefits of Controlling Water Pollution
In an Irrigated River Basin: Methodology and Ap-
plication. Final rept,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Agricultural
Economics.
Yoseph Gutema, and Norman K. Whittlesey. Feb 83,
182pEPA-600/2-83-008
Grant EPA-R-805896
An analytical model consisting of a water quality sub-
model and an economic submodel was developed.
The water quality submodel consisted of three ele-
ments: parameters, water quality index functions, and
an aggregation rule. The parameters defined water
quality as a multidimensional vector, with each compo-
nent representing some aspect of the physical, chemi-
cal, biological, and aesthetic characteristics of water
affecting water uses. The water quality index functions
translated the measured levels of parameters into nu-
merical values of quality levels which water users
could interpret Basically, this submodel provided esti-
mates of aggregate net social benefits to be derived
from water quality changes. The model was tested and
demonstrated by application to three typical water
quality improvement policies: stream flow augmenta-
tion, reduced sediment levels, and reduced nitrate
levels. These findings imply that water quality stand-
ards may be too high, and achieving these standards
may not be economically efficient.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Irrigation, 'Water
pollution control, Salinity, Mathematical models, River
basins, Esthetics, Social effect Stream flow, Inorganic
nitrates, Sediments, Yakima River, Standards, Com-
puter programming, Return flow, Nonpoint sources,
Flow augmentation.
PB83-164830 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Costs of Remedial Response Actions at Uncon-
trolled Hazardous Waste Sites. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Howard L Rishel, Terrence M. Boston, and Curtis J.
Schmidt. Mar 82,157p EPA-600/2-82-035
Contract EPA-68-01 -4885
The primary purpose of this study was to update con-
ceptual design cost estimates for remedial action unit
operations portrayed in earlier reports. Thirty-five re-
medial action unit operations conceptual designs, ad-
dressing uncontrolled landfill or impoundment disposal
sites, were costed for Newark, New Jersey, as well as
for U.S. tower and upper cost averages within the con-
tiguous 48 states. Such estimates were in terms of
mid-1980 dollars. Total component capital costs and
operating costs were estimated for each unit oper-
ation. Total and average life cycle costs were comput-
ed. One example was presented to show how to esti-
mate the costs of complete remedial response scenar-
ios. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract
No. 68-01-4885 by SCS Engineers, under the sponsor-
ship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This
report covers the period from April 11,1980, to Febru-
ary 18,1981, and work completed as of April 13,1981.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cost analysis,
Design criteria, Sites, Pesticides, Explosives, Capital-
ized costs, Operating costs, 'Solid wastes.
PB83-164863 PC A04/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program: 1980 Profi-
ciency Survey for Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Diox-
ide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfate, Nitrate, Lead and
High Volume Flow,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Berne I. Bennett, Robert L. Lampe, Linda F. Porter,
Avis P. Hines, and John C. Puzak. Oct 82,60p EPA-
600/4-82-045
See also report for 1979, PB81 -239402.
Based on authority granted by provisions of the Clean
Air Act (42 U.S.C 7410, et seq.), the Quality Assurance
Division of the Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab-
oratory, Research Triangle Park, NC administers peri-
odic surveys of analytical proficiency for sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfate, nitrate,
lead, and high-volume flow. Sample materials and de-
vices that have been utilized during the 1980 surveys
(performance audits) were developed to simulate col-
lected air pollution samples as faithfully as possible. In-
tegrity of the various sample materials is continuously
1434 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
monitored to ascertain stability, accuracy, uniformity,
and representativeness of the pollutant concentra-
tions. Since a major survey objective is the assess-
ment of routine analytical performance, a brief evalua-
tive report is promptly returned to each participant. A
comprehensive report contains a summary of survey
results for the year 1980.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, *Gas analysis, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Inorganic nitrates,
Sulfates, Lead(Metal), Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys,
'Air pollution detection.
PB83-165019 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NBS (National Bureau of Standards) Portable Am-
bient Participate Sampler. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Robert A. Fletcher, and David S. Bright. Jan 83,44p
NBSIR-82-2561
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The NBS portable ambient particulate sampler is de-
signed to collect the respirable and inhalable particle
size fractions at a sampling rate of 6 L/min for 24 hour
sampling periods. Particulates are fractionated and
collected by series filtration. The collection efficiency
of the inlet is measured by comparison with isokinetic
probes in the wind tunnel. The collection efficiency and
sampling size characteristics of two small personal cy-
clone samplers are also reported.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Particles, *Air pollution, Porta-
ble equipment. Aerosols, Probes, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria.
PB83-165191 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
proach (EKMA),
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. R. Martinez, C. Maxwell, H. S. Javitz, and R. Bawol.
Feb83,133p EPA-600/3-83-003
Contract EPA-68-02-2984
See also PB82-227364.
The EKMA is a Lagrangian photochemical air quality
simulation model that calculates ozone from its precur-
sors: nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx). This study evaluated the per-
formance of the EKMA when it is used to estimate the
maximum ozone concentration that can occur in an
urban area and its environs. The evaluation was con-
ducted using data for five U.S. cities: St. Louis, Hous-
ton, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Tulsa. The report
describes the results for trie various cities, and dis-
cusses potential applications of the methodology to
other models and to the assessment of ozone control
strategies.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Mathematical
models. Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composrtion), 'EKMA models.
PB83-165266 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Disposal of Spent Sorbent from Dry FGD (Rue
Gas Desutturizatlon) Processes. Final rept. Oct 79-
Jan81,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. M. Stephan, H. S. Rosenberg, and R. B. Bennett.
Fob 83,81 p EPA-600/7-83-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3119
Prepared in cooperation with Envirotech Corp., Leba-
non, PA.
The report gives results of a study of sintering and
leaching mechanisms of fly ash/spent sodium sorbent
mixtures from a dry injection flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) process. It includes an estimate of the econom-
ics of pelletizing and sintering to handle the fly ash and
spent sorbent from a 500 MW power plant burning low
sulfur western coal using a dry injection FGD process.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sorbents, Air pollu-
tion control, Flue gases, Fly ash, Electric power plants,
Leaching, Sintering, Economic analysis, Flue gas de-
sulfurization, Dry methods.
PB83-165456 PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Effects of Livestock Pasturing on Nonpoint Sur-
face Runoff. Final rept.,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
R. K. White, R. W. Van Keuren, L. B. Owens, W. M.
Edwards, and R. H. Miller. Feb 83,180p EPA-600/2-
83-011
Contract EPA-R-804631
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Agricul-
ture, SEA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Wa-
tershed, Coshocton, OH, and Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus, OH.
This project was initiated to evaluate the effects of live-
stock pasturing in the humid regions of the United
States on the quality of nonpoint surface runoff. Three
pasturing regimes which are more commonly practiced
in the corn belt states were evaluated to determine
their potential contribution to nonpoint source pollu-
tion, this information is useful in determining optimal
practices which will lead to the development of Best
Management Practices (BMPs).
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Livestock, 'Runoff,
'Water pollution, Pasture, Range grasses, Corn, Opti-
mization, Watersheds, Hydrology,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Microbiology, Volume, Nu-
trients, Biochemical oxygen demand, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Bacteria, Feces, Best management
practices.
PB83-165530 PC A03/MF A01
Perspective on the Role of Microcosms In Envi-
ronmental Fate and Effects Assessments,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
P. H. Pritchard, and A. W. Bourquin. 1982,40p EPA-
600/D-83-009, Contrib-468
Presented at NOAA Conference on Meaningful Meas-
ures of Marine Pollution Effects, April 26-29, 1982,
Pensacola Beach, Florida.
This paper provides a perspective on the possible
interfacing of microcosm studies with both waste as-
similatory capacity determinations and other less
quantitative types of assessment. Some of the prob-
lems and inconsistencies in the interpretation and ap-
plication of microcosm results are discussed. Concep-
tual ideas on how microcosms can be used in quantita-
tive and qualitative risk analysis are presented. The mi-
crocosm is also a research tool which can enhance
our quantitative understanding of the process interac-
tions and metabolic networks typical of natural ecosys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ecology, 'Aquatic
biology, 'Water pollution, Risk, Organic compounds,
Toxicrty, Biodeterioration, Bioassay, Ranking, Assess-
ments, 'Ecosystems, 'Aquatic microcosms, Chemical
compounds.
PB83-16S548 PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of the (Cat's Engine
Block Heater Device,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jesse McCall. Oct 82,14p EPA-AA-TEB-83-1
This report describes the results of testing the Kat's
Engine Block Heater with respect to exhaust emis-
sions and fuel economy at ambient temperatures of 20
degrees, 40 degrees, and 60 degrees Fahrenheit. This
device contains an electric heating element within an
open metal cylinder which is spliced into the lower ra-
diator hose of the engine's cooling system. The pri-
mary purpose of this device is to minimize hard starting
in cold weather. A secondary purpose is to improve
fuel economy. Testing of three 1979 passenger cars
was conducted at EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Lab-
oratory from December 1981 through March 1982.
The test sequence used was the Federal Test Proce-
dure (FTP). The test results varied between test vehi-
cles although some definite improvements in HC and
CO were noted at the lower temperatures. Minor im-
provements in fuel economy were found during the
warm-up period. As the test temperatures were in-
creased, the amount of change caused by the device
was reduced. Vehicle start-up and driveability were es-
sentially unchanged throughout the program.
Keywords: 'Automobile engines, 'Heating equipment,
'Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Installing, Exhaust gases, Kat engine
heater.
PB83-165571 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study to Evaluate and Improve EPA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency) Reference Method 16. Final
rept.,
Harmon Engineering and Testing, Auburn, AL.
Bruce B. Ferguson, and Joseph E. Knoll. May 82,68p
EPA-600/4-82-043
Contract EPA-68-02-3215
A modification to EPA Reference Method 16 was de-
veloped to eliminate known deficiencies in the analysis
of total reduced sulfur (TRS) from stationary sources
at kraft pulp mills. The modifications include: (1) The
addition of a cold, citrate buffer gas scrubbing solution
at the source, (2) The elimination of the need for a
heated sample system and a dilution system, (3) Elimi-
nation of the need for two GC systems, (4) Changing
the GC separation columns and valving to eliminate in-
terference from CO2, COS, and S02, (5) Finding a
method for checking the linearity of the calibration
curve. The proposed method was field evaluated by
testing a lime kiln, a recovery boiler, and a smelt dis-
solving tank vent at a kraft pulp mill. The proposed
method produced accurate results from each source.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Sulfur inorganic com-
pounds, 'Pulp mills, Sulfate pulping, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Scrubbing, Carbon dioxide,
Sulfur dioxide. Chemical analysis, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Sampling, Calibrating, Laboratory equipment,
*EPA method 16, 'Air pollution detection, Carbonyl
sulfide, Stationary sources.
PB83-165803 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati.
OH.
Conference on Advanced Pollution Control for
the Metal Finishing Industry (4th), Presented at
Dutch Inn, Lake Buena Vista, Florida - January 18-
20,1982.
American Electroplaters' Society, Inc., Winter Park,
FL
Dec 82,102p EPA-600/9-82-022
Contract EPA-68-03-2672
The 'Fourth Conference on Advanced Pollution Con-
trol for the Metal Finishing Industry' was held in Lake
Buena Vista, Florida, January 18-29,1982. This broad-
scoped colloquium was jointly designed by the Ameri-
can Electroplaters' Society and the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Nonferrous Metals and Miner-
als Branch. The primary objective of this Conference
was to continue the dialoque established at the First
EPA/AES Conference (1978) and strengthened at the
Second and Third EPA/AES Conference (1979 and
1980), respectively between key members of the EPA
and the metal finishing industry. The proceedings of
this Fourth Conference reflect the primary points of the
gathering: the status of EPA's wastewater and solid
waste regulations, and both EPA's and industry's ef-
forts to effectively address the ramifications of these
regulations. Special sessions of the conference were
devoted to metal finishing solid waste, practical pollu-
tion control alternatives, recovery technology, emerg-
ing technologies, and innovative alternatives. The pro-
ceedings contain twenty papers reporting on this work.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, 'Metal finishing, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Meetings, Water pollution, Air pol-
lution, Regulations, Substitutes, Technology, Materials
recovery, Electroplating, Solid wastes, Waste recy-
cling.
PB83-165837 PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acidity, Nutrients, and Minerals in Atmospheric
Precipitation Over Florida: Deposition Patterns,
Mechanisms, and Ecological Effects. Final rept.
Sep 77-Dec 79,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Patrick L. Brezonik, Charles D. Hendry, Jr., Eric S.
Edgerton, Randy L. Schulze, and Thomas L. Crisman.
Feb 83,175p EPA-600/3-83-004
Grant EPA-R-805560
December 1983 1435
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The results of this project can be summarized into the
following conclusions, according to the three major
phases of the project (1) atmospheric deposition of
nutrients and minerals; (2) the spatial and temporal
distribution of rainfall acidity in Florida; and (3) the ef-
fects of acidification on chemical and biological condi-
tions in soft-water lakes of Florida.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Minerals, 'Acidity, *Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composrtion),
PrecipitatJori(Meterology), pH, Water pollution, Florida,
Ecology, Deposition, Lakes, Aquatic microbiology,
Aquatic animals, "Acid rain.
PB83-166165 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Effects and Interaction* of Pesticides
fen a Soil-Plant-Water Microcosm,
Corvalfe Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Gite. Aug 82,11 p EPA-600/D-82-272
A Soil-plant-water microcosm was used to develop a
data base for pesticide transport and metabolism and
to determine the effects of varying environmental con-
ditions and/or components on chemical movement in
a terrestrial ecosystem. The system was used in a
comparative transport study with lindane, fonofos, par-
athton, phorate, DDT, and carbofuran. The results
demonstrated the importance of chemical structure,
water solubility, and soil type in predicting comparative
chemical behavior. The system was also employed in
studies of the effects of crop abundance on chemical
movement and the interactions between agricultural
chemicals that can affect chemical movement Studies
were also conducted on the effects of plant type, plant
nutrition, soil microorganisms, chemical interactions
on pesticide transport, and metabolism. These studies
emphasize the importance of ecosystem interactions
in determining chemical transport through ecosystems
and into food chains.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Transport, Me-
tabolism, Interactions, Soils, Rarits(Botany). Food
chains, Biological effects. Ecosystems, Microcosms.
PB83-166181 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cinoin-
nati,OH. ^^
Development and Evaluation of Analytical Test
Procedures for Priority Pollutants,
Gulf South Research Inst, New Orleans, LA.
C. S. Morrterth. Feb 83,113p EPA-600M-83-002
Contract EPA-68-03-2779
Analytical methods were developed for the determina-
tion of cyanide and of total phenolic compounds in
soBd/semi-soWd samples of environmental impor-
tance. A number of methods were reviewed, selected
methods were empirically evaluated, and the most
promising methods were optimized and validated by
appfcation to ten solid/semi-sofid matrices. Each
method consisted of two steps: isolation of the anaiyte
and quantification of the anaiyte. Isolation studies
were performed using radtolabeled cyanide and radto-
labeted phenolic compounds to spike representative
matrices.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Cyanide. 'Chemical analysis,
'Environmental surveys, Acid treatment, Isotopic la-
being. Procedures, Matrix isolation techniques.
PB83-16C1M PC A02/MF A01
Trend* hi Drinking Water Quality. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
James M. Symorts. 1982,4p EPA-600/J-B2-280
Pub. in Water/Engineering and Management, p10 and
p59Ju!82.
Recent changes in the Federal Register proposing a
revision of the National Primary Drinking Water Regu-
lations to include volatile synthetic organic chemicals
(VOCs) may have a potential future impact on drinking
water quality. This article briefly discusses some of the
inputs.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution, Regula-
tions, Organic compounds, Water storage, Aeration,
Ozone, Clarification, Reprints, Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974.
PB83-166207 PC A02/MF A01
Status of Porous Pavement Research. Journal arti-
cle,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field, Hugh Masters, and Melvin Singer. Apr
81,12p EPA-600/J-82-236
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p849-858 1982.
This paper discusses the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's porous pavement research program
along with the economics, advantages, potential appli-
cations, and status and future research needs of
porous pavements. Porous pavements are an avail-
able stormwater management technique which can be
used on parking lots and low volume roadways to
reduce both stormwater runoff volume and pollution. In
addition, grpundwater recharge is enhanced. Also,
cost reductions result due to elimination of curbs,
drains, and small sized storm sewers. Porous asphalt
pavements consist of a relatively thin course of open
graded asphalt mix over a deep base of large size
crushed stones. Water can be stored in the crushed
stone base until it can percolate into the subbase or
drain laterally. Other porous pavement types include
concrete lattice blocks and a porous concrete mix.
Keywords: 'Paving, 'Bituminous concretes, Porous
materials, Surface water runoff, Pavement bases,
Parking facilities, Roads, Aggregates, Reprints,
'Porous pavements.
PB83-166348 PC A14/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Reme-
dial Action Standards for Inactive Uranium Proc-
essing Sites (40 CFR 192). Volume II.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct82,313pEPA-520/4-82-013-2
See also Volume 1.PB83-152662.
The Environmental Protection Agency is issuing final
standards for the long-term control of tailings pHes at
inactive uranium processing sites and for cleanup of
contaminated open land and buildings. These stand-
ards apply to tailings at locations that qualify for reme-
dial actions under Title I of Public Law 95-604, the Ura-
nium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978. This
Act requires EPA to promulgate standards to protect
the environment and public health and safety from ra-
dioactive and nonradioactive hazards posed by residu-
al radioactive materials at the twenty-two uranium mill
tailings sites designated in the Act and at additional
sites where these materials are deposited that may be
designated by the Secretary of the Department of
Energy. The Final Environmental Impact Statement
(Volume I) examines health, technical considerations,
costs, and other factors relevant to determining stand-
ards. Volume II contains EPA's responses to com-
ments on the proposed standards and the Draft Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement (EPA 520/4-80-011).
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-Final,
Radioactive contaminants, Radon isotopes, Radiation
hazards, Ground water, Radium isotopes, Standards,
'Uranium mills, 'Mill tailings, 'Radioactive waste dis-
posal, Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of
1978, Costs.
PB83-1664M PC A17/MF A01
Revised Standards for Baste Oxygen Process Fur-
naces: Background Information for Proposed
Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 82,381 p EPA-450/3-82-005A
A New Source Performance Standard for secondary
emissions from basic oxygen process furnace (BOPF)
steelmaking shops is being proposed under authority
of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act The purpose of the
proposed standard is to minimize BOPF secondary
particulate emissions to the level attainable with the
best demonstrated technology. Revisions to the exist-
ing BOPF primary standard (40 CFR 60.140, Subpart
N) are also being proposed. These would clarify the
definition of a BOPF and the sampling time used to de-
termine compliance.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Furnaces, 'Standards, 'Air pollution control, Iron and
steel industry, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Design criteria, Performance evaluation.
Economic impacts, Regulations, Cost analysis, 'Basic
oxygen process furnaces.
PB83-166686 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Performance Test Results and Comparative Data
for Designated Reference and Equivalent Meth-
ods for Ozone. Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Frederick W. Sexton, Raymond M. Michie, Jr., Frank F.
McElroy, Vinson L Thompson, and Jack A. Bowen.
Feb 83,89p EPA-600/4-83-003
Contracts EPA-68-02-2714, EPA-68-02-3222
Under Part 53 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regu-
lations (40 CFR Part 53), the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency designates specific ambient monitoring
methods and analyzers as reference or equivalent
methods acceptable for use in National Air Monitoring
Stations (NAMS), State and Local Air Monitoring Sta-
tions (SLAMS), and Prevention of Significant Deterio-
ration (PSD) monitoring. Such designation requires
that extensive performance test of the analyzer be car-
ried out by the manufacturer (or other applicant) prior
to designation. After designation, EPA carries out fur-
ther tests of the analyzer. These EPA tests include
performance tests as well as comparative tests to
evaluate the performance, reliability, and operational
peculiarities of the analyzer with respect to other ana-
lyzers monitoring the same pollutant This report sum-
marizes both the manufacturer's predesignation test
results and the EPA post designation test results of the
currently designated ozone analyzers. The data is pre-
sented in tabular and graphic form, with specific con-
clusions concerning any particular analyzer left to the
reader.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Gas detectors,
Monitors, Performance evaluation. Design criteria, Air
pollution detection.
PB83-167650 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Habitat Preservation for Midwest Stream Fishes-
Principles and Guidelines,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
James R. Karr, Louis A. Toth, and Gale D. Carman.
Feb 83,134p EPA-600/3-83-006
Contract EPA-807677
The degradation of running water resources is at least
partly due to a lack of understanding of the physical
and biological dynamics of stream and river ecosys-
tems and to the lack of a comprehensive, integrated
approach to watershed management The report out-
lines such an approach, reviews physical and biologi-
cal dynamics and presents a set of habitat preserva-
tion guidelines for maintaining ecological integrity, with
emphasis on warm-water fish communities. Also pre-
sented are programs dealing with water resource prob-
lems in agricultural areas, with suggested institutional
approaches for halting and reversing stream and river
degradation.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fishes, Degradation, Conserva-
tion, Watersheds, Agriculture, Heating, Water supply,
Water resources. Stream flow, River basin develop-
ment, Erosion, Channel improvements, Sedimentation,
Thermal stresses, Nutrients, Environmental impacts,
Water pollution, Technical assistance, 'Habitats, Eco-
systems, Organic loading.
PB83-167767 PC A23/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Matakoff
Electric Generating Station and Trinity Mine, Hen-
derson and Anderson Counties, Texas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Feb 83,548p EPA-906/9-83-002
EPA is considering the issuance of new source Nation-
al Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permits to Houston Lighting & Power Co. for
wastewater discharges from the Malakoff Electric
Generating Station and to the North American Coal
Corporation (NACCO) for wastewater discharges from
the Trinity Mine.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste disposal,
'Environmental impact statements - draft, Licenses,
Electric power plants, Mine waters, Spoil, Coal mining,
Dust, Land use, Soil erosion, Subsidence, Overburden,
Soil fertility, Texas, Henderson CountyfTexas), Ander-
son CountyfTexas).
1436 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-168047 PC A02/MF A01
Trace Elements - Methodology, and Legislation.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
John F. Kopp, and Theodore D. Martin. 1983,6p EPA-
600/J-83-003
Pub. in ASTM (American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials) Standardization News, p18-21 Feb 83.
This article has been requested by ASTM to be includ-
ed in a special issue of Standardization News, dealing
with analytical chemistry. The article traces federal
water legislation as it pertains to drinking water and
wastewater and how it applies to the approved meth-
odology for meta! analyses. Emission spectroscopy,
atomic absorption, and inductively coupled argon
plasma spectroscopy are discussed. A comparison of
analytical detection limits, optimum ranges and advan-
tages, as well as disadvantages, are discussed.
Keywords: *Trace elements, * Water analysis, 'Pota-
ble water, "Industrial wastes, 'Regulations, Chemical
analysis, Methodology, Metals, Comparison, Reprints.
PB83-168054 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Utility
FGD (Flue Gas Desulturlzation) Survey. Volume I.
Categorical Summaries of FGD Systems. Quarterly
reptOct-Dec81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M, T. Melia, and N. G. Bruck. Sep 82,392p EPA-600/
7-82-058A
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also Volume 2, PB83-168062 and PB81 -187783.
The report is the first full compilation (not a supple-
ment) since the October-December 1980 report
(PB81-167783). Because the next three reports are to
be supplements, this issue should be retained for ref-
erence throughout the year. The report, generated by
a computerized data base system, presents a survey
of operational and planned domestic utility flue gas de-
surfurization (FGD) systems. It summarizes information
contributed by the utility industry, process suppliers,
regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering firms.
Domestic FGD systems are tabulated alphabetically by
development status (operational, under construction,
or in planning stages), utility company, process suppli-
er, process, and waste disposal practice. It presents
data on boiler design, FGD system design, fuel charac-
teristics, and actual performance. Process flow dia-
grams and FGD system economic data are appended.
Section 3 of the report, because of its length, appears
in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Boilers,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Flue gases,
Surveys, Solid waste disposal, *Coal fired power
plants, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-168062 PC A99/MF EM
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Utility
FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Survey. Volume II.
Design and Performance Data for Operational
FGD Systems. Quarterly rept Oct-Dec 81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, and N. G. Bruck. Sep 82,889p EPA-600/
7-82-058B
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also Volume 1, PB83-168054.
The report is the first full compilation (not a supple-
ment) since the October-December 1980 report
(PB81-187783). Because the next three reports are to
be supplements, this issue should be retained for ref-
erence throughout the year. The report, generated by
a computerized data base system, presents a survey
of operational domestic utility flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems. It summarizes information contributed
by the utility industry, process suppliers, regulatory
agencies, and consulting engineering firms. Domestic
FGD systems are tabulated alphabetically by utility
company. It presents data on boiler design, FGD
system design, fuel characteristics, and actual per-
formance. It includes unit by unit dependability param-
eters and discusses problems and solutions associat-
ed with the boilers of the FGD systems. Process flow
diagrams and definitions are appended. Because of its
length, Section 3 of the report is published as a sepa-
rate volume; the remainder of the report is in Volume I.
The report Front Matter and Appendices B, C, and D
are repeated in Volume II to assist the reader.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, Electric power plants,
Flue gases, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Solid waste disposal, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), 'Coal fired power plants,
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-168245 PC A02/MF A01
Overview of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Storm and Combined Sewer Program
Collection System Research. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
Richard Field. Jul 81,14p EPA-600/J-82-237
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p859-870 1982.
A state-of-the-art and assessment of the USEPA's
Storm and Combined Sewer Program collection
system research pertaining to management alterna-
tives for wet- and dry-weather wastewater transport
and interception is presented. These include: mainte-
nance; catchbasins; new sewer design; sewer flush-
ing; polymer injection; infiltration/inflow controls in-
cluding inflow reduction, Insituform, impregnated con-
crete pipe and trenchless sewer; upstream storage/at-
tenuation; flow routing and inpipe storage; new types
of flow regulators, fluidic regulator and Hydrobrake;
and a new rubber 'duck-bill' tide gate.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers, 'Re-
views, Droughts, Flooding, Maintenance, Flushing,
Flow rate, Flood routing, Tidewater, Optimization, Cost
effectiveness, Drainage, Overflows, Catch basins,
Water pollution control, Reprints, Duck bill tide gate.
PB83-168617 PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Volatile Organic Contaminants from
Ground Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gordon G. Robeck, and 0. Thomas Love, Jr. 1983,
25pEPA-600/D-83-011
Because ground water is a source of potable water for
millions of people, an economical means of removing
volatile organic contaminants is essential. Laboratory,
pilot-scale and full-scale studies are being earned out
In the United States of America to determine the effect
of various treatment processes. The three foremost
considerations before selecting any treatment scheme
are: (1) The organic quality of the raw water must be
thoroughly characterized (i.e., total organic carbon,
specific contaminants) as physical and chemical prop-
erties provide guidance toward the most cost effective
treatment option. (2) The organic quality of the treated
water must be decided, and (3) The solution must not
substitute the organic problem for microbiological or
inorganic deterioration, or increased corrosion poten-
tial. Aeration, adsorption on granular activated carbon,
or a combination of these processes are being used to
combat ground water problems. In some cases, oxida-
tion or adsorption on synthetic resins may also be ef-
fective.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Ground water, Potable
water. Aeration, Adsorption, Oxidation, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Granular activated carbon treat-
ment
PB83-168625 PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Augmentation of Fabric Filtration:
Pulse-Jet Pilot Unit Experience. Final rept Oct 79-
Feb81,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. W. VanOsdell, M. B. Ranade, G. P. Greiner, and D.
F. Furlong. Nov82,99p47U-1915, EPA-600/7-82-062
Contract EPA-68-02-3186
Prepared in cooperation with ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
The report describes the development of the parallel-
field electrostatically augmented fabric filter (ESFF) on
a pilot-scale pulse-cleaned baghouse. The pilot unit
consisted of parallel conventional and ESFF bagh-
ouses installed on a slipstream from a pulyerized-coal
boiler. Teflon and fiberglass fabrics were investigated
under a wide variety of operating conditions. Major pa-
rameters studied were particulate collection (total
mass and size dependent), baghouse pressure drop,
and electrical characteristics. Research results show
that the ESFF baghouse has significant advantages
over conventional ones. The flow resistance of the col-
lected dust is substantially reduced. Under the same
operating conditions, an ESFF baghouse has about
half the pressure drop of a conventional one. Alterna-
tively, the flow through a given area of fabric (face ve-
locity) can be increased at constant pressure drop in
the ESFF baghouse. Experience at the ESFF pilot unit
suggests that face velocity can be doubled. An eco-
nomic projection based on these results indicates that
the ESFF would reduce the annualized cost of the filter
by 30 percent. Particulate control capabilities of the
ESFF baghouse were about the same as for the con-
ventional one, with outlet loadings averaging less than
0.017 g/std cu m.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Electro-
statics, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Particles, Performance evaluation, Econom-
ics, Tetrafluoroethylene resins, Glass fibers, 'Fabric
filters, 'Baghouses.
PB83-168633 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thirty-Day Field Test of a Refinery Process
Heater Equipped with Low-NOx Burners. Final
rept. Jul 61-Jan 82,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
W. A. Carter, and R. J. Tidona. Feb 83,155p EPA-600/
7-83-010
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
The report gives results of a continuous-monitor test to
evaluate the long-term emissions from a gas-fired pe-
troleum heater equipped with low-NOx burners.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Petrole-
um industry, 'Heating equipment, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Natural gas, Field tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Field tests, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen,
Carbon dioxide, Burners, Sampling.
PB83-168682 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Advanced Combustion Modifica-
tion* on Industrial Process Equipment (Data Sup-
plement A). Subscale and Pilot-Scale Refinery
Process Heaters. Rept. for Jan 78-Apr 81,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tidona, H. J. Buening, and R. A. Frohoff. Feb 83,
391pEPA-600/7-83-01lA
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB83-168690 and PB83-82-239310.
The Data Supplement, presented in two volumes, doc-
uments data in greater detail than was practical in the
final reports for this contract. It provides details to re-
searchers interested in performing their own analyses.
Readers are referred to the contract final reports for in-
formation on objectives, selection of units, measure-
ment procedures, interpretations, and conclusions.
Data for gaseous emission concentrations of NO,
NOx, CO, HC, S02, and SO3 are in parts per million by
volume (ppm) on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent O2
by volume (dry) in the flue gas. Data in this volume are
arranged by Location No. for Locations 1 and 7. A lo-
cation is defined as one company or plant in which one
or more units were tested. Each unit tested at a loca-
tion is identified by a Unit No. The contract final reports
refer to test numbers when data are discussed. Test
numbers are of the form xx/yy-zz, where xx = Loca-
tion No., yy = Test Series No. (e.g., oxygen variations,
load variations, register adjustments), and zz = Test
No. in that series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Heating equipment
Refineries, Boilers, Furnaces, Revisions, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Per-
formance evaluation, Petroleum industry,
Tables(Data).
PB83-168690 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
December 1983 1437
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of Advanced Combustion Modifica-
tions on Industrial Process Equipment (Data Sup-
plement B). Subscate and Full-Scale Mineral Kilns,
Flitt-Scate Wood-Fired Boilers, and a Subscate
Steel Furnace. Rept for Jan 78-Apr 81,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tidona, H. J. Buening, and R. A. Frohoff. Feb 83,
368p EPA-600/7-83-011B
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
See also PB83-168682.
The Data Supplement, presented in two volumes, doc-
uments data in greater detail than was practical in the
final reports (or this contract It provides details to re-
searchers interested in performing their own analyses.
Readers are referred to the contract final reports for in-
formation on objectives, selection of units, measure-
ment procedures, interpretations, and conclusions.
Data for gaseous emission concentrations of NO,
NOx, CO, HC, and SO2 are in parts per million by
volume (ppm) on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent 02
by volume (dry) in the flue gas. Data in this volume are
arranged by Location No. for Locations 2,3,4,5,6,8,
and 9. A location is defined as one company or plant in
which one or more units were tested. Each unit tested
at a location is identified by a Unit No. The contract
final reports refer to test numbers when data are dis-
cussed. Test numbers are of the form xx/yy-zz: xx =
Location No., yy - Test Series No., and zz = Test No.
in that series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Heating equipment
Revisions, Kilns, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts. Boilers. Furnaces, Iron and steel industry,
Tabtes(Data), Particles. Sulfur oxides. Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Performance eval-
uation.
PB83-169136 PC A12/MF A01
Flexible Vinyl Coating and Printing Operations •
Background Information for Proposed Standards.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 83,273p EPA-450/3-81-016A
Standards of Performance for the control of emissions
of volatile organic compounds from flexible vinyl coat-
ing and printing operations are being proposed under
the authority of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act The
standard would apply to flexible vinyl printing lines for
which construction or modification began on or after
the date of proposal of the regulation. This document
contains background information and environmental
and economic impact assessments of the regulatory
alternatives considered in developing the proposed
standard.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Printing, *Vmyt coat-
ings, 'Standards, 'Environmental impact statements-
draft Revisions, Regulations, Economic analysis,
'Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB83-16M66 PC A16/MF A01
Supplemental Draft Environmental hnpact State-
fiMnt Dotet tflMs LJonito NUfw Project Do Soto
Parish, Louisiana (A Supplement to the Dotet HW*
Power Plant EIS).
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Feb 83,368p EPA-906/9-83-001
This Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact State-
ment (Draft SEIS) has been prepared as part of the
tiering1 concept and is intended to supplement the
Dotet Hife Power Plant Project Draft EIS and Final EIS
in which Southwestern Electric Power Company
(SWEPCO) and Central Electric Power Company, Inc.
(CLECO) evaluated alternative power plant designs
and mine-mouth siting options around a 211.1 million
ton Sgnft reserve. In this supplement, the Dotet HHte
Mining Venture has applied to EPA for a NPDES permit
as the mining contractor/operator of a 11,168 hectare
surface lignite mine and related ancillary facilities.
Land use, water resources, mining and reclamation are
among the more important areas of concern that are
considered In this statement
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Electric power plants, 'Environ-
mental impact statement-draft. Design, Lignite, Li-
censes, Land use, Water quality, Land reclamation,
FeasfcHity. Louisiana.
PB83-169706 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Biosynthesis of Dimethylnltrosamlne In Dimethy-
lamlne-Treated Mice After Exposure to Nitrogen
Dioxide. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago.
Zafar M. Iqbal, Kristine Dahl, and Samuel S. Epstein.
1981,8p EPA-600/J-81-609
Grant EPA-R-807293
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v67 n1
p137-141 Jul81.
These studies demonstrate the nitrosating potential of
NO2 in vivo in 1CR mice. Groups of mice were ga-
vaged with 2 mg dimethylamine (DMA) and exposed to
NO2 at levels from 0.04 to 44.5 ppm for periods up to 4
hours. Mice were individually frozen and blended to a
powder, aliquots of which were homogenized in ice-
cold dichloromethane and 35% aqueous methanol.
Concentrates of organic extracts were analyzed for di-
methylnitrosamine (DMN) by a Thermal Energy Ana-
lyzer with a gas chromatograph interface. Biosynthesis
of DMN was dose- and time-dependent with relation to
NO2 exposure, reaching a maximum yield of 60-70 no/
mouse (0.0034% DMA conversion) at 2 hours. DMN
biosynthesis was inhibited by sodium ascorbate and,
more effectively, by ammonium sulfamate.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Biosynthesis,
Inoestion(Biology), Mice, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Dimethylamine, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Reprints, 'Dimethylamine/N-nitroso.
PB83-169714 PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Opacity Measurements by Trained
Observer and In-Stack Transmlssocneter. Journal
article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William D. Conner, and Harold B. McElhoe. 1982,6p
EPA-600/J-82-282
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v32
n9 0943-946 Sep 82.
Measurements of opacity of paniculate emissions by
trained observer and by instack transmissometer were
compared on 26 different occasions at 17 different
stacks and 13 different plants to see how well these
two commonly used methods would agree when ap-
plied to real plants under field conditions. During the
study opacities ranging from 2 percent to 57 percent
were measured. In general, agreement of + or - 10
percent opacity may be expected between observer
and transmissometer measurements when observer
measurements are at the stack exit and ambient con-
ditions permit good visibility of plume.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Chimneys, 'Air pollution,
•Opacity, Comparison, Sites, Sampling, Field tests,
VefcfHty, Transmissometers, Reprints, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB83-169722 PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Heavy Residual Fuel Oils and
Asphalts by Infrared Spectrophotometry Using
Statistical Discriminant Function Analysis. Journal
article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
F. K. Kawahara, J. F. Santner, and E. C. Julian. c1974,
8p EPA-600/J-74-001
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v46 n2 p266-273 Feb 74.
Spilled asphaltic materials and heavy residual fuel oils,
because of their high molecular weights, complexity,
and physical nature, cannot be readily identified to a
source since these materials are not usually amenable
to analysis by gas chromatography with flame ioniza-
tion detector. The limiting difficulty is the inability to va-
porize and to separate the high molecular weight com-
ponents in the GC column. Infrared Spectrophotometry
» a useful technique for characterization of these ma-
terials. A combination of infrared Spectrophotometry,
data treatment data transformation, and discriminant
function analysis through computer assistance has re-
sulted in effecting a more precise and accurate
method of distinguishing between these two heavy pe-
troleum products. An established statistical technique
has been successfully applied to a recently developed
infrared procedure for heavier petroleum products to
provide a useful and powerful technique for classifica-
tion of samples. (Copyright (c) 1974 by the American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Fuel oils, 'Asphalts,
Infrared spectroscopy, Petroleum products, Water pol-
lution, Gas chromatography, Reprints, 'Oil spills.
PB83-169953 PC A1S/MF A01
Population Risks from Disposal of High-Level Ra-
dioactive Wastes In Geologic Repositories. Draft
rept,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
C. Bruce Smith, Daniel J. Egan, Jr., W. Alexander
Williams, James M. Grunlke, and Cheng-Yeng Hung.
Dec 82,326p EPA-520/3-80-006
This technical report presents these assessments of
long-term repository performance. It describes the
models that the Agency developed specifically for this
project reviews the various assumptions made, and
identifies the data used in these models. In general a
relatively simple analytical methodology was formulat-
ed that should tend to overestimate the long-term risks
from geologic repositories. Because much of this
methodology is new, and because these risk assess-
ments are a key part of our rulemaking, the Agency is
publishing this as a draft report. During the public com-
ment penod on 40 CFR 191, a Subcommittee of the
Agency's Science Advisory Board will conduct an inde-
pendent technical review of our risk assessments (48
FR 509). All meetings of this Subcommittee will be an-
nounced in the Federal Register and will be open to
the public.
Keywords: 'Risk, Environmental impacts, Ground
water, Geochemistry, Computer programs, Fortran,
Probability theory, 'Radioactive waste disposal, High-
level radioactive wastes. Health hazards, REPRISK
computer program, Radionuclkie migration.
PB83-170217 PC AOS/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis for 40 CFR 191:
Environmental Standards for Management and
Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Hkjh-Level and
Transuranto Radioactive Wastes. Draft rept
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
1982,88p EPA-520/1-82-024
This Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) addresses
the requirements of Section 2 of Executive Order
12291. It reviews the projected costs associated with
management and disposal of high-level radioactive
waste, and it evaluates the potential effects of our en-
vironmental standards for disposal of these wastes (40
CFR Part 191)-as proposed for public review and
comment on December 29,1982 (47 FR 58196). The
proposed standards are presented in the Appendix of
this report and they are explained in detail in the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prepared for
this action (EPA 82).
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Radioactive con-
taminants, Radiation hazards, Standards, Risk, 'Ra-
dioactive waste disposal, 'Radioactive waste manage-
ment 'High-level radioactive wastes, 'Spent fuel stor-
PB83-170480 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Southern Regional Environmental Assessment
Environmental Status Report,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
Steven C. Ballard, Michael D. Devine, Basil G.
Achilladelis, Michael A. Charlock, and Elizabeth M.
Gunn. Jan 83,725p EPA-600/8-83-001
The overall purpose of this study is to identify and
assess future environmental trends in the region and
to evaluate alternative strategies for environmental
protection. The Environmental Status Report is part of
Phase I of the study (begun in October 1980) and is in-
tended to summarize and synthesize existing informa-
tion in order to identify key driving forces and both cur-
rent and future environmental issues. More specifical-
ly, the goal of this report is to describe the causes of
growth and change, to assess the driving forces which
create both benefits and environmental concerns for
the region, and to characterize the current status of
environmental conditions related to air, water, and
land resources. The report will serve as a basic refer-
ence document and the results will help to guide future
study directions.
1438 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: Trends, Policies, Environmental impacts,
Water resources, Land, Air, "Southeast Region(United
States), "Southwest Region(United States), "Environ-
ment protection, Environmental issues, Environmental
surveys, Environmental quality.
PB83-170514 PC A03/MF A01
Interim Guidelines and Specifications for Prepar-
ing Quality Assurance Project Plans,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Thomas W. Stanley, and S. Sidney Vemer. Feb 83,
36p EPA-600/4-83-004, OER-QAMS-005/80
The Agency-wide quality assurance policy stipulates
that every monitoring and measurement project must
have a written and approved Quality Assurance (QA)
Project Plan. This applies to extra-mural as well as in-
ternal projects. All successful applicants for financial
assistance must therefore prepare and submit a Qual-
ity Assurance Project Plan. This document describes
the sixteen elements which must be considered for in-
clusion in all Quality Assurance Project Plans and es-
tablishes criteria for plan preparation, review, and ap-
proval. All project plans must describe procedures
which will be used to document and report precision,
accuracy, representativeness, comparability, and com-
pleteness of environmental measurements.
Keywords: 'Quality control, "National government,
Operations, Project management, Planning, Federal
assistance programs, Manuals, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB83-170563 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Verification of a Toxic Organic Substance Trans-
port and Bloaccumulatlon Model. Final rept. Oct
79-Dec81,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
JeraM L Schnoor, Narasinga Rao, Kathryn J.
Cartwright, Richard M. Noll, and Carlos E. Ruiz-
Calzada. Feb 83,178p EPA-600/3-83-007
Grant EPA-R-806059
A field verification of the Toxic Organic Substance
Transport and Bioaccumulation Model (TOXIC) was
conducted using the insecticide dieldrin and the herbi-
cides alachlor and atrazine as the test compounds.
The test sites were two Iowa reservoirs. The verifica-
tion procedure included both steady-state analyses
and quasi-dynamic simulations using time-variable
flows and pollutant loadings along with model coeffi-
cients derived from laboratory and literature data. Lab-
oratory measurements were used in simulations of
alachlor, atrazine and dieldrin, and model predictions
were well within an order of magnitude of field obser-
vations. For the herbicide alachlor, for example, labo-
ratory protocol measurements were used directly in
model simulations with excellent agreement between
model predictions and measured concentrations. The
TOXIC model, therefore, was considered to be field
verified. Moreover, the successful field verification
supports the validity of EPA's Exposure Analysis Mod-
eling System (EXAMS), which handles pollutant trans-
port arid transformation kinetics in an almost identical
manner.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Pesticides, "Water
pollution, "Mathematical models, "Transport proper-
ties, Dieldrin, Sites, Sampling, Sediments, Field tests,
Laboratory equipment, Computer programming,
"Toxic substances, "Bioaccumulation, Biological proc-
esses. Pesticide residues, Lasso, Aatrex.
PB83-170589 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effects on Cattle from Exposure to Sewage
Sludge. Final rept.,
Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal District No. 1,
CO.
John C. Baxter, Donald Johnson, Eldon Kienholz,
Wytie D. Surge, and William N. Cramer. Feb 83,172p
EPA-600/2-83-012
Contract EPA-68-03-2210
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Animal Science, and Department
of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD.
Soils, forages, and cattle grazing on a sludge disposal
site were examined for trace metals and persistent or-
ganics. Soils at the disposal site had increased con-
centrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb. Forages from
sludge applied soils had higher levels of Zn, Cd. Cu,
and Ni and lower Pb concentrations than forages from
soils that had not received sludge. Cattle grazing on
the sludge disposal site were healthy with no signs of
pathology. Tissues from these cattle did not show ele-
vated levels of metals or persistent organics when
compared with cattle not exposed to sewage sludge.
Sewage sludge was added to the diets of cattle to sim-
ulate worst case conditions of cattle grazing sludge
fertilized pastures. The sludge had no positive or nega-
tive effects on cattle health or performance but did act
as a diet diluent.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Sludge, "Cattle, Diets,
Ingestion(Biology), Physiological effects, Pathology,
Tissues(Biology), "Sewage sludge, Trace metals,
Pathogens, Trace elements, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls.
PB83-170597 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Preliminary Assessment of the Usa of Heat Trans-
fer Rulds for Solar Thermal Energy Systems. Final
rept. May 81 -Apr 82,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Stephen E. Petty, Bobi A. Garrett-Price, and Gary L.
McKown. Feb 83,75p PNL-4182, EPA-600/7-83-021
The report contains a preliminary assessment, based
on available data, of the extent to which various mate-
rials will be used as heat transfer media in solar energy
systems and of mechanisms for their release to the en-
vironment. The emphasis is on solar thermal energy
systems for industrial, agricultural and electrical pro-
duction applications over the next 5-10 years. The
study provides an assessment of consequences asso-
ciated with transport and fate of the materials in the
environment; identifies available pollution control tech-
niques; and cites areas where further research may be
required.
Keywords: Environmental impacts, Heat transfer,
Solar power plants, Pollution, "Working fluids, Solar
collectors, Process heat.
PB83-170654 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Manual: Neutralization of Acid Mine Drain-
age. Final rept Sep 78-May 81,
Penn Environmental Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
E. Dennis Escher, Andrew J. Kicinski, and Richard M.
Ninesteel. Jan 83,247p* EPA-600/2-83-001
Contract EPA-68-03-2599
This manual was prepared to assist designers and op-
erators of mine drainage treatment plants in the selec-
tion of processes, equipment, and procedures. Includ-
ed is a review of the most popular neutralizing agents
and the methods used to handle, prepare, and feed
these alkalies. Also, a detailed engineering explana-
tion of the various processes applicable to treatment
are presented. The practical methods of sludge dewa-
tering and disposal are explained along with modes of
operation to improve solids content of the final volume.
Techniques for lagooning and closure of such facilities
are also discussed. Examples of two treatment facility
designs are included delineating general equipment
specifications. Concluding the manual is a cost esti-
mating section with example estimates based on the
two sample designs.
Keywords: "Mine waters, "Acidity, "Neutralization,
Manuals, Drainage, Industrial waste treatment, Alka-
lies, Design, Calcium oxides, Calcium hydroxides,
Limestone, Cost comparison, Osmosis, Ion exchang-
ing, Equipment, Specifications, Neutralizers, "Mine
acid drainage, Reverse osmosis.
PB83-170985 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Overland Flow Treatment of Municipal Sewage at
Easley, South Carolina. Final rept. Nov 76-Nov 81,
Clemson Univ., SC. Dept. of Environmental Systems
Engineering.
A. Ray Abemathy. Mar 83,139p EPA-600/2-83-015
Contract EPA-R-803929
Overland flow has been demonstrated to be a feasible
method for treatment of either comminuted raw
sewage or effluent from a facultative lagoon in pied-
mont South Carolina where mild winters prevail in a
region of high rainfall. An overland flow system was
operated for three years at Easley, South Carolina, to
treat 284 cubic meters per day (75,000 gpd) of faculta-
tive lagoon effluent and 95 cubic meters per day
(25,000 gpd) of comminuted raw sewage. Multiple
plots were constructed to allow estimation of the ef-
fects of various combinations of application rate and
frequency according to a second order statistical
design, influent and effluent measurements of classi-
cal pollution parameters were made to evaluate the
system performance. The system was monitored for
bacterial aerosols and the influence of the system on
the existing groundwater aquifer.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Overflows,
LagoonsjPonds), Feasibility, Ground water, Cost anal-
ysis, Operating costs, "Sewage irrigation,
Easley(South Carolina), Land disposal.
PB83-171157 PCA11/MFA01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for 40 CFR
Part 191: Environmental Standards for Manage-
ment and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Hlgh-
Level and Transuranlc Radioactive Wastes. Final
rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
1982,239p EPA-520/6-82-025
The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing en-
vironmental standards for the management and dis-
posal of spent nuclear reactor fuel and high-level and
transuranic radioactive wastes. Subpart A of the stand-
ards would limit the radiation exposure of members of
the public from management and storage of spent fuel
and of waste prior to disposal. Subpart B would estab-
lish both quantitative containment requirements for
disposal systems and qualitative requirements to
assure that these containment requirements will be
met. The containment requirements would limit the
amount of radioactivity that may enter the environment
for 10,000 years after disposal. The assurance require-
ments provide seven principles necessary for develop-
ing, confidence that these long-term containment re-
quirements will be complied with. These principles call
for well-designed, multiple-barrier disposal systems
that would not rely upon future generations for mainte-
nance and would not be located near potentially valua-
ble resources. They also require that future genera-
tions be provided information about the location and
dangers of the wastes and an option to recover the
wastes if they need to. In addition, Subpart B, contains
procedural requirements to ensure that the contain-
ment requirements are properly applied.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements - draft,
Radioactive contaminants, Radiation hazards, Stand-
ards, Risk, "Radioactive waste disposal, "Radioactive
waste management, "High-level radioactive wastes,
"Spent fuel storage, Health risks.
PB83-171207 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Pathway Models for Estimating
Population Health Effects from Disposal of Hlgh-
Level Radioactive Waste in Geologic Repositor-
ies. Draft rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
1982,195p EPA-520/5-80-002
This technical report presents the methodology used
to assess the long-term population risks from project-
ed releases of waste from a geologic repository. It de-
scribes the models that the Agency developed specifi-
cally expects that population distributions, food chains,
and living habits may change dramatically over 10,000
years. Rather than attempt to predict such changes,
this methodology uses very general models of environ-
mental pathways that consider present values for the
various parameters used in the models.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Radiation effects,
"Health physics, Risk, Methodology, Assessments,
Models, Estimating, Populations, Distribution, Food
chains, Disposal, Health ripKs.
PB83-171272 PC A02/MF A01
Elemental Composition of Sized Particles Emitted
from Stationary Sources,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
December 1983 1439
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kenneth T. Knapp. 1983,18pEPA-600/D-83-012
This paper discusses several approaches for obtaining
the elemental and, in a few cases, inorganic com-
pound identification in sized particles. The elemental
analyses are done by wavelength dispersion x-ray fluo-
rescence (WXRF). Fourier Transform infrared is being
used for inorganic compound determination. The
WXRF technique gives the best results for particles
that are uniformly deposited on lightweight filter media.
The standard impactors do not collect the particles in
this manner and, therefore, some sample preparation
or transfer is needed. The sample preparation and
transfer techniques used in this research are also de-
scribed. In addition, an in-stack impactor developed to
collect the sized particles as a uniform deposit will be
discussed. The results of the chemical analyses from
seed particles collected from various types of indus-
tries will be presented.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Particles, 'Air pollu-
tion, Infrared spectroscopy, Particle size, Separation, X
ray fluorescence, Impactors, Cyclone separators, Fou-
rier transform spectroscopy.
PB83-171280 PC A03/MF A01
Determination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Tetrachtorodt-
benzo-p-Dtoxtn) In Industrial and Municipal
Wastewaters, Method 613. Part 1. Development
and Detection Limits,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati,OH.
J. E. Longbottom, D, L Foerst, R. J. Wesselman, A. S.
Wong, and C. R. McMillin. 1983,26p EPA-600/D-83-
020
Prepared in cooperation with California Analytical Lab.,
Inc., Sacramento, CA., and Monsanto Research Corp.,
Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
A convenient method for water and wastewatar sam-
ples is presented that will determine 2,3,7,8-TCDD
concentrations to a Method Detection Limit (MDL) of 2
ng/L The method uses solvent extraction of the aque-
ous sample followed by capillary column gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry using Selected Ion Moni-
toring. The capillary column (Silar IOC or equivalent) is
isomer specific for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Keywords: 'Water analysis. 'Industrial wastes,
•Sewage, 'Pesticides, Herbicides, Chemical analysis.
Chlorine organic compounds, Solvent extraction, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy. Reprints, *Di-
benzMfcxm/tetrachkxo, 'Water pollution detection.
PB83-1712M PC A02/MF A01
Standard Setting Principles,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gordon G. Robeck. Feb 83.6p EPA-600/D-83-018
The basis for setting drinking water standards has not
changed much in principle during the past decade, but
the procedure for creating them in an open manner
has caused the United States, at least, to go through a
much more elaborate process to obtain approval and
support from the public. This presentation will briefly
cover the steps (with examples) that the U.S. EPA
must go through to create proposed regulations
(standards) for the volatile organic compounds found
in some ground waters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Standards, 'Potable
water, 'Ground water, Regulations, Public health, Cost
analysis, Sampling, 'Water pollution abatement,
'Volatile organic compounds.
PB83-171652 PC A03/MF A01
Costs Estimates for Control of Combined Sewer
Discharge to Marine Bays and Estuaries. Adden-
dum to 1982 Needs Survey.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
1 Mar 83,41 p EPA-430/9-83-001
See also PB82-190455.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This report is submitted in compliance with Amend-
ment 29 of the Conference Report on the FY1983 Ap-
propriations for HUD and Independent Agencies (Con-
ference Report No. 92-549, Public Law 97-272). This
legislation also appropriated $30 mffion for control of
combined sewer overflows (CSOs) affecting marine
waters. This report is presented as an addendum to
the 1982 Needs Survey submitted to Congress on De-
cember 31,1982.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Cost estimates,
'Water pollution control, BaysfTopographic features),
Estuaries, States(United States), Maps, Tables(Data),
Surveys, Grants, Construction, Discharge(Water),
Sewage treatment plants.
PB83-171769 PC Ap3/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Environmental Assessment Perspective on the
Emerging Oil Shale Industry. Rnal rept.
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
Jan 81,26p EPA-625/9-81 -005
See also PB81-186942.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
This environmental assessment report conveys the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) un-
derstanding of and perspective on oil shale develop-
ment For government agencies, private developers,
and others involved in the oil shale industry, the report
provides a source of basic information as well as a
means of identifying EPA's concerns and interests rel-
ative to oil shale development. The report: Summa-
rizes available information on oil shale resources;
Summarizes major air, water, solid waste, health, and
other environmental impacts; Analyzes applicable pol-
lution control technology; and Provides guidance for
sampling, analyzing, arid monitoring emissions, ef-
fluents, and solid wastes from oil shale processes. The
report emphasizes those environmental impacts and
control technologies that EPA believes will be of major
importance.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Oil shale, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Health,
Sampling, Monitoring, Guidelines, Technology, 'Oil
shale industry, 'Resource development, Hearth haz-
ards, Pollution control.
PB83-171835 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Environmental Regulations and Technology: The
Electroplating Industry. Rnal rept
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
Aug 80,51 pEPA-625/10-80-001
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report is intended to provide the electroplating in-
dustry with a summary of the laws and EPA regulatory
activities, and of regulations and technologies that can
affect electroplaters1 decisions for wastewater pollu-
tion control and solid waste handling and disposal. The
regulations promulgated by EPA are presented and
water pollution control technologies and case histories
of installations are discussed. Processes are de-
scribed only to provide some guidance for selecting
pollution control systems. The report also includes in-
formation on the status of sludge disposal regulations,
technologies and operating techniques that can
reduce sludge disposal costs, and financial assistance
available through federally sponsored programs. For
industries discharging wastewater to waterways (direct
dischargers), the most far-reaching feature of the 1972
FWPCA amendments was the requirement that all
such industries install a base level of pollution control
technology by July 1,1977, and a more stringent level
by July 1, 1983 (later amended to 1984). The base
level was called Best Practicable Control Technology
Currently Available (BPCTCA), or simply BPT. The
more stringent level was termed the Best Available
Technology Economically Achievable (BATEA), and is
usually referred to as BAT. In addition, special stand-
ards known as New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) were to be established for new plants.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Electroplating, 'Regula-
tions, 'Water pollution control, 'Solid waste disposal,
Technology, Industrial waste treatment. Cost analysis.
Standards, Sludge disposal, Best technology.
PB83-171843 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Reaction of Activated Carbon with Aqueous Chlo-
rine and Chlorine Dioxide. Environmental research
brief 1979-81,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Vemon L. Snoeyink, Richard A. Larson, Abraham S. C.
Chen, Leo M. J. Dielmann, III, and William F. McHie.
Dec 82,8p EPA-600/D-82-256
Contract EPA-R-805293
The objective of this research was to determine wheth-
er aqueous chlorine and chlorine dioxide react with ac-
tivated carbon, or with compounds adsorbed on acti-
vated carbon, to produce compounds that would not
form in the absence of activated carbon. The experi-
mental conditions were either typical of those found in
drinking water treatment plants, or they permitted con-
clusions to be made about the nature of the reaction
under water treatment plant conditions.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon, 'Chlorine, 'Chlorine
oxides, Adsorption, Water treatment, Potable water,
Chemical reactions.
PB83-172163 PC A07/MF A01
Chemical Contaminants in Edible, Non-Salmonid
Fish and Crabs from Commencement Bay, Wash-
ington. Final rept. Jul 81-Jan 82,
Environmental Protection Agency. Seattle, WA. Envi-
ronmental Services Div. Lab.
Arnold R. Gahler, Joseph M. Cummins, Joseph N.
Blazevich, Robert H. Rieck, and Roy L Arp. Dec 82,
136pEPA-910/9-82-093
Information was collected to provide the Tacoma-
Pierce County Health Department with chemical data
needed to begin a preliminary assessment of any
health risk possibly faced by persons eating fish and
crabs from Commencement Bay and adjacent waters.
Sampling was conducted from July 1981 to January
1982. Eighty-six non-salmonid fish and six Dungeness
crabs were collected from popular sport, fishing loca-
tions in the vicinity of Commencement Bay andfrom a
remote reference area, Discovery Bay. Muscle tissue
from these specimens was chemically analyzed for se-
lected metals and organic compounds (EPA priority
pollutants).
Keywords: 'Food contamination, 'Toxicology, 'Con-
taminants, Commencement Bay, Washington(State),
Fishes, Crabs, Chemical analysis, Puget Sound,
Tissues(Biology), Water pollution, Health risks, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Toxic substances.
PB83-172478 PC A20/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Petroleum Pipeline Leak Detection Study. Final
rept,
Science Applications, Inc., El Segundo, CA.
John R. Mastandrea. Mar 82,473p* EPA-600/2-82-
040
Contract EPA-68-03-2532
This study reviews and analyzes the U.S. petroleum
pipeline system, accidental spills, and spill prevention
programs. It concludes that improved pipeline spill pre-
vention measures are needed, because pipeline sys-
tems are aging, population densities near lines are in-
creasing dramatically, and new lines are expected to
be larger and longer. An approach to developing a spill
prevention program is presented. Then, recommended
spill prevention programs for individual pipeline sys-
tems are described. These programs consist of sched-
uled inspection and/or leak detection methods and
are shown to be capable of significantly reducing the
risk of serious spills. Practical considerations such as
the cost of inspections and spillage are also included.
Keywords: "Petroleum, 'Pipeline transportation,
'Leakage, Inspection, Preventive maintenance, Risk,
Cost analysis, Accident investigations, Regulations,
'Leak detection, 'Oil spills, 'Risk analysis.
PB83-172486 PC A10/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sodo-Economic Impact Evaluation of Lake Im-
provement Protects and Lake Management Guide-
lines. Rnal rept.,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Center for Resource Policy
Studies.
Nicolass W. Bouwes, ST., and Lowell Klessig. Mar 83,
213p WP-17, EPA-600/3-83-009
Contract EPA-R804802-01 -2
Under Public Law 92-500, the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency embarked on a major program of cost
1440 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sharing grants to implement lake rehabilitation and
protection projects. Improvement of water quality im-
pacts the lives of people and organizations; however,
the methods used to measure the impact of water
quality projects on the socio-economic well-being of
people and on the viability of organizations and com-
munities is rudimentary in general and nonexistent with
respect to this financial assistance program. A method
is needed to help select lake communities as recipi-
ents of state and federal grants and to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of the project.
Keywords: * Lakes, Economic factors, Improvement,
Management, Evaluation, Rehabilitation, Protection,
Water quality, *Socioeconomic factors.
PB83-172494 PC A04/MF A01
Development of a Model of Toluene Blood Level
Following Subcutaneous Injection of Toluene in
the Rat Final rept. Sep 81-Sep 82,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vemon A. Benignus, Keith E. Muller, and Curtis N.
Barton. Mar 83,55p EPA-600/1-83-002
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
A model of toluene level in blood following subcutane-
ous injection of toluene mixed with polyoxyethylated
vegetable oil vehicle was developed. The purpose was
to provide a means of predicting dose received, for
subsequent toxicologic studies for any time and dose
comuination. The pharmacokinetics were of second-
ary interest. Using data from 111 rats, a 4-parameter
equation was devised to predict the time course of tol-
uene blood level from 20-480 min., for dose levels of
500-1000 mg/kg. Blood concentrations rose at a rate
which was independent of dose level. Maximum blood
levels were uniquely determined by dose level. Blood
levels fell at different rates, depending upon dose
level. Injection exposure, when compared to inhala-
tion, has the advantages of (a) low expense (b) low
equipment requirements and (c) simplicity. The disad-
vantage is, for some experiments, poor temporal simu-
lation of the normal route administration, inhalation.
Keywords: 'Toluene, 'Toxicology, Models, Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Parenteral infusions, Dosage,
Concentrafcn(Composition), Vegetable oils, Predic-
tions, Blood analysis, Toxic substances.
PB83-172502 PC A04/MF A01
Air Quality Data for Nonmetalllc Inorganic Ions:
Nitrate and Sutfate for 1979 from the National Air
Surveillance Networks,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angte Park, NC.
Gary F. Evans, John C. Puzak, and John E. Frazer. Mar
83,62p EPA-600/4-83-005
See also report for 1977-1978, PB81 -248148.
The National Air Surveillance Networks, which have
existed for over twenty years, provide information on
air quality for many urban and nonurban locations
within the United States. This report summarizes the
network data for two nonmetallic inorganic ions (nitrate
and sulfate) determined from high volume samples
collected during 1979. Concentration values are pre-
sented in the form of cumulative frequency distribu-
tions. Arithmetic and geometric sample statistics are
also reported as are measures of the precision and
bias associated with the analytical methods employed.
Comparison of the 1979 data with that from previous
years in the decade shows that NASN nitrate concen-
trations summarized on a nationwide basis increased
substantially during the 1970's.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Inorganic nitrates, *Sul-
fates, Concentration(Composition), Urban areas,
Tables(Data), Sampling, 'Air quality data, 'National Air
Surveillance Networks.
PB83-172510 PC A08/MF A01
Research Outlook, 1983 (for Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Research and Develop-
ment). Annual rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Katherine WekJon. Feb 83,155p EPA-600/9-83-002
See also PB82-230459.
Annual 5-year plan of ORD's research strategy. This
report is congressional^ mandated under Public Law
94-475, Section 5.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Environmental surveys, Haz-
ardous materials, Water pollution, Potable water, Pes-
ticides, Air pollution, Energy, Water quality, Toxic sub-
stances, Acid rain.
PB83-172528 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Manual of Practice for Wastewater Neutralization
and Precipitation. Final rept. Jun 77-Oct 80,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
A. S. Goldfarb, C. Vanessa Fong, W. Lowenbach, W.
A. Parsons, and P. Aame Vesilind. Aug 81,247p EPA-
600/2-81-148
Grant EPA-R-805623
Prepared in cooperation with Davy McKee Corp.,
Cleveland. OH., and Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of
Civil Enginering.
This document describes a systematic procedure for
conceptualizing and designing neutralization and pre-
cipitation systems. It is for use by engineers qualified to
design facilities of this type, not for the novice. It can
help the equipment purchaser become a more intelli-
gent consumer and will provide technical guidance on
many design considerations. The manual uses many
references because of the breadth of this subject. One
colume could not contain all of the necessary back-
ground information.
Keywords: 'Water portion control, 'Manuals,
'Precipitation(Chemistry), 'Neutralizing, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Calcium oxides. Industrial
waste treatment.
PB83-172536 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Preconcentratlon Methods for Trace Element De-
termination. Final rept. May 79-May 82,
Denver Univ., CO.
Donald E. Leyden. Mar 83,92p EPA-600/4-83-006
Grant EPA-R-806520
This research had several objectives. One was to
review the literature to determine methods of trace ele-
ment preconcentration that could be used realistically
for sample preparation for trace element determina-
tions in drinking, natural and/or effluent waters. Ele-
ments included in the USEPA's listing of Priority Pollut-
ants, with the exception of beryllium, were chosen for
the study. Once the methods were identified, those
deemed most promising for application to the simulta-
neous determination of trace elements using energy-
dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry
were to be evaluated. Several criteria were used such
as the number of elements recovered, linear dynamic
range, accuracy and precision, sensitivity-recovery, re-
sistance to interferences and overall ruggedness of
the method. Seven methods were eventually selected
for detailed evaluation. Systematic experiments were
conducted using bilevel factorial experimental designs
for interference studies and single element evaluations
of response parameters. The interference studies as-
sessed interferences by concomitant elements,
sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and humic organic
materials. These choices were made to emulate, as
closely as possible, conditions expected to be encoun-
tered in natural samples. A numerical rating scheme
was devised for the procedures and these values were
used to select two optimum methods.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Water analysis, Potable
water, Surface waters, Spectrochemical analysis,
Chemical analysis, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, X ray dif-
fraction, -Water pollution detection.
PB83-172569 PC A17/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standard* for the Petroleum
Refining Point Source Category. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Dennis Ruddy. Oct 82,391 p EPA-440/1 -82-014
Technical Development Document Supporting water
discharge effluent standards for the petroleum refining
industry. Best available technology, new source per-
formance standards and pretreatment standards.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, 'Refineries, 'Water
pollution control, Standards, Design criteria, Industrial
waste treatment, Cost analysis, Technology, Best
technology, Point sources.
PB83-172593 PC A21/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Leather Tanning
and Finishing Point Source Category. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Nov 82,478p* EPA-440/1-82/016
This document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the leather tanning industry for the purpose of
developing effluent limitations for existing point
sources, standards of performance for new sources,
and pretreatment standards of performance sources
to implement the Clean Water Act. The study covers
158 facilities in SIC major group 3100 Leather and
Leather products, and specifically in subgroup SIC
3111, leather tanning and finishing. Effluent limitations
guidelines are set forth for the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable through the application of the best
practicable control technology currently available
(BPT), and the best conventional technology pollutant
control technology (BCT) which must be achieved by
existing point sources by July 1, 1984. Standards of
performance for new sources (NSPS) set forth the
degree of effluent reduction that is achievable through
the applications of the best available demonstrated
control technology, processes, operating methods or
other alternatives. Pretreatment standards for existing
and new sources (PSES and PSNS) set forth the
degree of effluent reduction that must be achieved in
order to prevent the discharge of pollutants that pass
through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible
with the operation of POTWs. Supporting data, ration-
ale, and methods for development of the effluent limi-
tation guidelines and standards are contained in this
document.
Keywords: 'Leather, 'Water pollution control, 'Guide-
lines, 'Standards, 'Tanning materials. Sources, Tech-
nology, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, 'Water pollution abatement, Point sources,
Best technology.
PB83-173112 PCA21/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Protocol Development Criteria and Standards for
Potable Reuse and Feasible Alternatives. Report
of Workshop Proceedings, Warrenton, Virginia,
July 29-31,1980.
SCS Engineers, Inc., Reston, VA.
Dec 82,491p EPA-570/9-82-005
The National Primary Drinking Water Regulations were
established on the premise that the source water
would be relatively pollution-free and these standards
were never intended to be comprehensive for deter-
mining the adequacy of the reuse of wastewaters for
potable purposes. The purpose of this workshop was
not to develop specific criteria and standards but to
provide guidance with respect to approaches, prob-
lems, solutions and needed research or investigations
for establishing a pathway to protocol development for
potable reuse criteria and standards and for consider-
ation of nonpotable pptions. The 'Report of Workshop
Proceedings,' contains presentations by representa-
tives from local, State, federal and international gov-
ernment agencies, consultants and universities. The
first section includes introductory papers to outline the
broad issues. The work groups were: Toxicology,
Chemistry, Microbiology, Engineering, Ground Water
Recharge, and Non-Potable Options.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Sewage treatment,
'Meetings, 'Regulations, Microbiology, Chemical
analysis, Toxicology, Ground water, State government,
National government, Public health, 'Waste water
reuse, Water quality.
December 1983 1441
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-17313* PC A06/MF A01
Computer-Assisted Procedure for the Design and
Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Systems
(CAPDET) - Programmer's Reference Manual.
Office of the Chief of Engineers (Army), Washington,
1982,114p
See also PB83-148466.
This manual describes the documentation of the FOR-
TRAN Programming of the May 31,1980 version of the
CAPDET system. The documentation is intended for
use by persons responsible for the maintenance of the
program, its updating, or its implementation on other
computing systems. The assumption has been made
that the reader is a competent FORTRAN programmer
and is familiar with the CAPDET User's Guide.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Programming
als, 'Waste water. Systems engineering, Fi
'Computer aided design.
manu-
:ortran,
PB83-173856 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Current Status of Water Quality in Long, Johanna
and Josephine Lakes - A Summary Report on the
DetaNed Evaluation Study of the Long Lake Chain
of Lakes Improvement Project Interim rapt no. 20
(Ftnal),
Environmental Research Group., Inc., St Paul, MM.
Henry M. Runke, and Joseph Shapiro. Mar 83.116p
EPA-600/3-83-008
Grant EPA-R-805681
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Limnotogical Research Center.
An evaluation of Long Lake, Minnesota was initiated
by Ramsey County and Environmental Research
Group, Inc. in February 1978 to determine the effec-
tiveness of a demonstration project on lake restora-
tion. The three-year evaluation study included continu-
ous hydrotooic monitoring to describe annual water
budgets and phosphorus loading for both basins of
Long Lake and in-lake water sampling on Long Lake
and Lakes Johanna and Josephine to determine the
water quality benefits from the restoration program.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Mon-
itoring, Phosphorus, Long Lake, Johanna Lake, Jose-
phine Lake, Ramsey County(Minnesota), Water
budget Restoration.
PB83-173955 PCA11/MFA01
Wastewater Treatment - Cost Estimates for Con-
struction of PubScry Owned FacMUes, 1982 Needs
Survey. Technical PoBcy and Procedures Catego-
ries f-V. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Wen Huang. 31 Dec 82,237p EPA/DF-83/004A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB83-173963.
This report provides the best estimate available of the
nationwide costs of complying with the goals of the
1981 Construction Grant Amendments to the Clean
Water Ad This Survey modifies and updates compre-
hensive cost estimates of the five previous Surveys for
constructing all grant-eligible municipal treatment
works needed by existing and future populations. Ad-
vance work completed during the 1982 Needs Survey
will provide the foundation for finking treatment facili-
ties with their receiving water bodies and water quality
impacts as part of the 1984 Needs Survey. This s the
only complete inventory of municipal treatment works
(restricted to publicly-owned wastewater conveyance
and treatment facilities which include sewage treat-
ment plants, sewers, and other types of related treat-
ment faofities.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates, 'Statutes, 'Sewage treat-
ment 'Municipalities, Surveys, Water quality manage-
ment Inventories, Sewers, Public land, Water treat-
ment Forecasting, Construction Grant Amendments
to the dean Water Act of 1981.
PB83-173963
CPTOS
> Cost Estimates for Con-
ned FadWes, 1982 Needs
struction of PuMdy Oi
Survey. Data fito,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Sharon L Ferguson, and Wen Huang. Dec 82, mag
tape EPA/DF-83/004
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB83-148486,
andPB83-173955.
Comprehensive cost estimates of constructing all
grant-eligible municipal treatment works needed by ex-
isting and future populations. The only complete inven-
tory of municipal treatment works. A comprehensive
technical and cost data base for management pro-
grammatic, and technical analyses of the construction
grants program. Includes a preliminary analysis of the
future Federal share of treatment works cost.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Cost estimates, 'Sewage treat-
ment 'Municipalities, Construction, Grants, Manage-
ment Forecasting, National government 'Sewage
treatment plants.
PBS3-174334 PC E99
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Plan: Love Canal Study.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Dec82,1406p-in4v
Set includes PB83-174342 through PB83-174375.
No abstract available.
PB83-174342 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Plan: Love Canal Study. Rnal
rept
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Dec 82,111p EPA-600/4-82-071A
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB83-174359.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
174334.
The four volumes in this set comprise the working
guideline documents for the Love Canal Study. The
documents were developed to direct both the prime
contractor and subcontractors while performing for the
Environmental Protection Agency. Detailed proce-
dures for each analysis type are described. Proce-
dures for all field sampling are also described. Quality
assurance plans submitted by each subcontractor and
approved by the prime contractor are provided. A de-
scription of the document control procedure, chain-of-
custody procedure, various quality control procedures,
and other study operational procedures are provided.
Together the four documents provide a "work plan' for
the Love Canal effort Since the volumes were devel-
oped prior to the actual field sampling, no environmen-
tal results are included.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Quality assur-
ance, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sedi-
ments, Sampling, Transport properties, Potable water,
'Love Canal, Niagara Falts(New York).
PB83-174359 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quafity Assurance Plan: Love Canal Study. Appen-
dix A. Sampling Procedures. Final rept
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Dec 82,217p EPA-600/4-82-071 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB83-174342, and PB83-174367.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
174334.
The four volumes in this set comprise the working
guideline documents for the Love Canal Study. The
documents were developed to direct both the prime
contractor and subcontractors while performing for the
Environmental Protection Agency. Detailed proce-
dures for each analysis type are described. Proce-
dures for all field sampling are also described. Quality
assurance plans submitted by each subcontractor and
approved by the prime contractor are provided. A de-
scription of the document control procedure, chain-of-
custody procedure, various quality control procedures,
and other study operational procedures are provided.
Together the four documents provide a "work plan' for
the Love Canal effort Since the volumes were devel-
oped prior to the actual field sampling, no environmen-
tal results are included. This volume is on sampling
procedures.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Quality assur-
ance, 'Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil
analysis, Sediments, Transport properties, Potable
water, 'Love Canal, Procedures, Niagara Falls(New
York).
PB83-174367 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Plan: Love Canal Study. Appen-
dix B. Analytical Procedures. Final rept.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Dec 82, 578p EPA-600/4-82-071 C
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB83-174359, and PB83-174375.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB83-
174334.
The four volumes in this set comprise the working
guideline documents for the Love Canal Study. The
documents were developed to direct both the prime
contractor and subcontractors while performing for the
Environmental Protection Agency. Detailed proce-
dures for each analysis type are described. Proce-
dures for all field sampling are also described. Quality
assurance plans submitted by each subcontractor and
approved by the prime contractor are provided. A de-
scription of the document control procedure, chain-of-
custody procedure, various quality control procedures,
and other study operational procedures are provided.
Together the four documents provide a 'work plan' for
the Love Canal effort. Since the volumes were devel-
oped prior to the actual field sampling, no environmen-
tal results are included. This volume discusses chemi-
cal analysis procedures on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Quality assur-
ance, 'Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Soil analysis. Sediments, Transport properties.
Potable water, 'Love Canal, Procedures, Niagara
Falls(NewYork).
PB83-174375 PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
QuaHty Assurance Plan: Love Canal Study. Appen-
dix Q. Subcontractors' QA Plans. Final rept.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Dec 82, 500p EPA-600/4-82-071 D
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB83-174367.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99. PB83-
174334.
IIT Research Institute (IITRI) has been subcontracted
by GCA/Technology Division (GCA) to perform quality
assurance checks on ambient air samples taken in the
Love Canal area of Niagara Falls, NY. Specifically, the
subcontract requires the quantitative analysis of nine
QA/QC Tenax cartridge samples for nine organic com-
pounds as well as perfluorobenzene and octafluorotp-
luene, and the qualitative identification of chloroform, if
present Characterization and quantification of the
components in the cartridges are carried out by high-
resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/
data system. Appropriate standardization and quality
control measures will be performed as required.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Quality assur-
ance, 'Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil
analysis, Sediments, Transport properties, Potable
water, Sampling, 'Love Canal, Procedures, Niagara
Fa!ls(NewYork).
PB83-174383 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Love Canal Monitoring Program. OCA QA/QC
(Quality Assurance/Quality Control) Summary
Report Rnal rept
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Nov 82.320p EPA-600/4-82-070
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
One of the most important responsibilities of the Love
Canal prime contractor was the institution and mainte-
nance of a quality assurance program. An important
objective of the quality assurance program was to alert
the subcontractors to the importance of high quality
1442 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
work on their part and to demonstrate continuing con-
cern for quality throughout the program. Measures
taken to accomplish this included the provision of:
general QA/QC requirements in the Requests for Pro-
posal (RFP) for all technical work to be subcontracted;
EPA's specific internal QC requirements in each ana-
lytical subcontract document; the requirement for sub-
contractor QA Plans; QC Coordinators with expertise
in each technical area; written sampling and analysis
procedures including QC requirements and planned
corrective actions; Performance Evaluation and QC
check samples for analytical work and, perhaps most
important, continuing communication between GCA
and its subcontractors. This document describes the
quality assurance effort by the prime contractor. Also
included are examples of problems during the study
and their resolutions.
Keywords: * Environmental surveys, 'Quality assur-
ance, 'Contactors, Sampling, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Chemical
analysis, 'Love Canal.
PB83-174615 PC A20
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES).
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Aug 80, 473p-in 4v
Set includes PB83-174623, PB83-174631, PB83-
174649, and PB83-174656.
No abstract available.
PB83-174623 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES). Volume I. Introduction and Instructions.
Final rept,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Richard L. Goen, Steven L. Wilhelm, John N. Gevertz,
and Jon J. Kaufman. Jul 80,35p EPA/560/2-82-001 A
Contract EPA-68-01-4109
See also PB83-174631.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC A20, PB83-
174615.
The Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES) provides a standard format and nomencla-
ture for use in collecting and exchanging information
about chemical uses. ChemUSES is a system for de-
scribing a chemical use by the function the chemical
serves and the setting or application in which it serves
that function. ChemUSES is composed of two lists of
terms: The Function List and the Application List.
Terms from these lists are selected to describe func-
tions and applications. A use is defined when both the
function and application are specified. This volume
contains user instructions for the system.
Keywords: 'Classifications, Utilization, Nomenclature,
Terminology, Information systems, 'CHEMUSES
system, 'Chemicals.
PB83-174631 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES). Volume II. Function List and Function
List Index. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Eugene C. Coyner, Thomas Gibson, and Arnold J.
Miferd. Jul 80,150p EPA-560/2-82-001B
Contract EPA-68-01 -4109
See also Volume 1, PB83-174623, and Volume 3,
PB83-174649.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC A20, PB83-
174615.
The Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES) provides a standard format and nomencla-
ture for use in collecting and exchanging information
about chemical uses. ChemUSES is a system for de-
scribing a chemical use by the function the chemical
serves and the setting or application in which it serves
that function. ChemUSES is composed of two lists of
terms: The Function List and the Application List
Terms from these lists are selected to describe func-
tions and applications. A use is defined when both the
function and application are specified. This volume
contains the Function List and the Function List index.
Keywords: 'Classifications, Utilization, Nomenclature,
Terminology, Information systems,
Indexes(Documentation), 'CHEMUSES system,
'Chemicals.
PB83-174649 PC Ap7/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES). Volume III. Application List and Applica-
tion List Index. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Richard L. Goen, Eugene C. Coyner, Thomas Gibson,
Robert V. Steele, and Stephen L. Brown. Jul 80,137p
EPA-560/2-82-001C
Contract EPA-68-01 -4109
See also Volume 2, PB83-174631, and Volume 4,
PB83-174656.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC A20, PB83-
174615.
The Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES) provides a standard format and nomencla-
ture for use in collecting and exchanging information
about chemical uses. ChemUSES is a system for de-
scribing a chemical use by the function the chemical
serves and the setting or application in which it serves
that function. ChemUSES is composed of two lists of
terms: The Function List and the Application List.
Terms from these lists are selected to describe func-
tions and applications. A use is defined when both the
function and application are specified. This volume
contains the Application List and the Application List
Index.
Keywords: 'Classifications, Utilization, Nomenclature,
Terminology, Information systems,
Indexes(Documentation), 'CHEMUSES system,
'Chemicals.
PB83-174656 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES). Volume IV. User Aids. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Richard L. Goen, Eugene C. Coyner, Thomas Gibson,
and Robert V. Steele. Jul 80,151 p EPA-560/2-82-
001D
Contract EPA-68-01 -4109
See also Volume 3, PB83-174649, and Volume 1,
PB83-174623.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC A20, PB83-
174615.
The Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (Che-
mUSES) provides a standard format and nomencla-
ture for use in collecting and exchanging information
about chemical uses. ChemUSES is a system for de-
scribing a chemical use by the function the chemical
serves and the setting or application in which it serves
that function. ChemUSES is composed of two lists of
terms: The Function List and the Application List.
Terms from these lists are selected to describe func-
tions and applications. A use is defined when both the
function and application are specified. This volume
contains user aids for the system.
Keywords: 'Classifications, Utilization, Nomenclature,
Terminology, Information systems, 'CHEMUSES
system, 'Chemicals.
PB83-174672 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of National Water Pollution Control Poli-
cies. 2. Agricultural Sediment Control. Journal arti-
cle,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Leonard P. Gianessi, and Henry M. Peskin. Aug 81,
21pEPA-600/J-81-611B
Grant EPA-R-807054
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v17 n4 p803-821
Aug 81. See also PB83-174680.
Application of a national water network model permits
an analysis of the likely effects of agricultural sediment
control policies on the quality of the nation's waters.
This analysis is believed superior to previous assess-
ments based mainly on erosion estimates without ac-
counting for the characteristics of the receiving water
of the contribution of pollutants from nonagricultural
activities. Specifically, while the earlier assessments
concluded that agriculture-related pollution problems
are widespread and ubiquitous, this analysis con-
cludes that it is probably more efficient to focus sedi-
ment-related pollution control policies on about one
third of the nation's agricultural regions.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution control, Poli-
cies, Agriculture, Water quality, Reprints, Receiving
waters.
PB83-174680 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of National Water Pollution Control Poli-
cies. 1. A National Network Model. Journal article,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Leonard P. Gianessi, Henry M. Peskin, and G. K.
Young. Aug 81, 9p EPA-600/J-81 -611A
Grant EPA-R-807054
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v17 n4 p796-801
Aug 81. See also PB83-174672. Prepared in coopera-
tion with GKY and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
In order to study the national implications of federal
water pollution control policies, the authors developed
a water pollution network model. The model links both
point and nonpoint sources of pollution at the county
level of detail with a national network of major rivers,
lakes, reservoirs, and bays.
Keywords: 'Government policies, 'Water pollution
control, Mathematical models, National government,
Rivers, Streams, BaysfTopographic features). Re-
prints, Nonpoint sources, Point sources.
PB83-175000 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Long-Term No Emission Data from
Pulverized Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Volume I.
Technical Analysis. Final rept. May 81-May 82,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. S. Cherry. Feb 83,212p EPA-600/7-83-012A
Contract EPA-68-02-3175
See also Volume 2, PB83-175018.
The report gives results of an analysis of long-term NO
emission monitoring data from nine pulverized-coal-
fired utility boilers. These data were in the form of
hourly averaged NO, O2 (or C02), and load: NO and
O2/C02 were measured with certified continuous
emission analyzers. The analyses were compared to
the emissions limitations in both the 1971 and 1978
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The
comparison with the 1978 NSPS showed that seven of
the nine boilers would have produced no periods of
excess NO emissions on a 30-day rolling average
basis. In addition, the same seven boilers would have
complied with the 1978 NSPS NOx performance test
requirements. Recommendations are made to more
fully analyze the operation of two of these boilers to
determine if their mode of operation could be adopted
by other boilers. These boilers use permanently in-
stalled CO monitors to allow operation at the lowest
practical excess air to achieve either low NO emis-
sions or better fuel efficiency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO),
'Boilers, Technology, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Standards, Electric
power plants, Monitors, Concentration(Composition),
Pulverized fuels, 'Coal-fired power plants.
PB83-175018 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Long-Term No Emission Data from
Pulverized Coal-Fired Utility Boilers. Volume II.
Appendices. Final rept. May 81-May 82,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. S. Cherry. Feb 83,445p EPA-600/7-83-012B
Contract EPA-68-02-3175
See also Volume 1, PB83-175000.
The report gives results of an analysis of long-term NO
emission monitoring data from nine pulverized-coal-
fired utility boilers. These data were in the form of
hourly averaged NO, O2 (or CO2), and load: NO and
O2/CO2 were measured with certified continuous
emission analyzers. The analyses were compared to
the emissions limitations in both the 1971 and 1978
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS). The
comparison with the 1978 NSPS showed that seven of
the nine boilers would have produced no penods of
December 1983 1443
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
excess NO emissions on a 30-day rolling average
basis. In addition, the same seven boilers would have
complied with the 1978 NSPS NOx performance test
requirements. Recommendations are made to more
fully analyze the operation of two of these boilers to
determine if their mode of operation could be adopted
by other boilers. These boilers use permanently in-
stalled CO monitors to allow operation at the lowest
practical excess air to achieve either low NO emis-
sions or better fuel efficiency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen o»de(NO),
'Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Electric power plants, Performance evaluation, Moni-
tors, Pulverized fuels, Standards, Carbon dioxide,
'Coal-fired power plants.
PB83-175380 PC A11/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Washington. DC.
State-of-the Art Environmental Assessment of
Onshore Disposal of Manganese Nodule Refects.
Open-file rept Sep BO-Jun 82,
Rogers, Golden and Halpem, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
P. A. Kennedy, E. O. Porter, J. l_ Deis, F. C. Brown,
and R. E. Varsaw. 30 Jul 82,240p BUMINES-OFR-49-
83
Contract J0100085
Prepared in cooperation with Efc Labs., Newton, MA.
An environmental assessment on onshore waste dis-
posal that is expected to occur with the development
of commercial deep seabed mining was conducted in
order that testing and refinement of nodule waste dis-
posal techniques can be completed prior to 1988,
when commercial seabed mining can begin under U.S.
legislation. Three classes of process and four classes
of waste disposal techniques were identified, and five
sites were selected as representative of first-genera-
tion nodule operations. Each site-process-disposal
technique combination was compared against poten-
tial effects to determine important characteristics of
the rejects and the sites. Regulatory requirements
were also considered at each site to identify important
issues arid their effect on the permitting process.
Keywords: 'Manganese nodules, 'Tailings, Regula-
tions, Site surveys, Planning, Hazardous materials,
Processing, 'Solid waste disposal, Environmental
impact assessments. State of the art reviews.
PB83-175661 PC A08/MF A01
(•note Annual Air Quality Report -1981.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
1981,158p IEPA/APC/82-004
Contents:
PubNc participation;
Air pollutants-sources, health and welfare effects;
Air sampling network:
Statewide summary of air quality;
Regional air quality data;
Industrial monitoring data;
Sutfates, nitrates and metals data;
Inhalable paniculate data.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Air pollution. Public health,
Sources, Sampling, Particles, Sulfur dioxide. Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Oxkfaers,
LeacKMetaO. Industrial wastes. Combustion products,
Sutfates, Inorganic nitrates, Metals, Ozone, 'Air qual-
ity.
PB83-175752 PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the POLARION-X Device Under Section
S11 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Aug 62,62p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-9
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the POLARION-X device under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act The evaluation of the POLAR-
ION-X device was conducted upon receiving an appli-
cation from the marketer of the device. The POLAR-
ION-X is installed in the fuel ttne between the pump
and the carburetor. It incorporates two permanent
magnets which subject the fuel to a magnetic field.
This device is claimed to reduce emissions, to improve
fuel economy and performance, to provide more com-
plete combustion, to eliminate engine carbon buildup
and dieseling, and to reduce the octane requirements
of the engine. The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) fully considered all of the information submitted
by the applicant. The overall conclusion was that for
the POLARION-X there is no reason to expect that the
device will improve either the emissions or fuel econo-
my of a typical motor vehicle in proper operating condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Magnetic fields, Fuel systems, Per-
formance evaluation, POLABION-X devices.
PBS3-176578 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., College,
Alaska. Arctic Environmental Research Station.
Lake Restoration: A Five-Year Evaluation of the
Mirror and Shadow Lakes Project Waupaca, Wis-
consin. Final rept,
Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources, Madison.
Paul J. Garrison, and Douglas R. Knauer. Mar 83,111 p
EPA-600/3-83-010
Grant EPA-R-804687
Mirror and Shadow Lakes, small seepage lakes in cen-
tral Wisconsin, had experienced cultural eutrophica-
tion as a result of storm water drainage. Storm sewers
were diverted from the lakes in 1976 and in 1978 alu-
minum sulfate was applied to enhance the recovery
rate by reducing internal phosphorus loading from the
sediments. Mirror Lake was artificially circulated to
prevent low winter oxygen concentrations and in-
crease spring oxygen concentrations. Storm sewer di-
version reduced external phosphorus loading from 58 -
65 percent for both lakes white the aluminum sulfate
application reduced intake phosphorus concentrations
from 90 mg/cu m and 55 mg/cu m in Mirror and
Shadow Lakes respectively to 20-25 mg/cu m. Diver-
sion of the storm sewers resulted in a decrease in epi-
limnetic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'cakes, 'Water pollution control,
Seepage, Storm sewers, Aluminum sulfate. Phospho-
rus, Wisconsin, 'Eutrophfcatjon, 'Storm water runoff.
PB83-176602 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Radioactive Contamination at Federally Owned
FacHWes. Final rept,
Rogers and Associates Engineering Corp., Salt Lake
City.UT.
D. E. Bemhardt P. J. Macbeth, A. A. Sutherland, M. W.
Grant and G. M. Sandquist Jun 82,354p RAE-23-1
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Federally-controlled facilities that are contaminated
with radioactivity are listed and described. Estimates of
current levels of contamination are provided and de-
contamination and decommissioning (D&D) proce-
dures are discussed. All of this information has been
gathered from available literature and personal con-
tacts with individuals; no new measurements or site
visits were made. Finally, estimates of amounts and
activities of low-level and transuranic wastes that can
be generated from D&D of federally controlled facili-
ties are provided.
Keywords: Decontamination, Particle accelerators,
Nuclear reactors. Military facilities, Standards, Re-
quirements, 'Nuclear facilities, 'Decommissioning,
Procedures, Radioactive waste disposal. Environment
protection, Radiation protection, Department of De-
fense, Department of Energy, Department of Com-
merce, Department of Interior, Department of Hearth
and Human Services, Veterans Administration, Alpha-
bearing wastes. Low-level radioactive wastes.
PB83-176610 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Radioactive Contamination at Nuclear Fuel Cycle
FacHtles. Final rept,
Rogers and Associates Engineering Corp., Salt Lake
City.UT.
D E. Bemhardt, M. W. Grant Q. C. Rich, C. M. Jensen,
and P. J. Macbeth. 1982,231 p RAE-23-2
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report presents information to characterize urani-
um fuel cycle facilities (excluding reactors), levels of
contamination at those facilities, and volumes and ac-
tivity of wastes associated with their decontamination
and decommissioning (D&D). It is one of a series of re-
ports providing information to assist the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency in setting standards and
guidelines for permissible residual levels of radioactiv-
ity from D&D. The categories of facilities covered by
this report are: Uranium mines, Uranium mills, Uranium
hexafluoride conversion plants, Fuel fabrication plants,
including both low and high enriched uranium and
mixed oxide facilities. Both active and inactive facilities
are identified. The highest volumes of D&D waste
(hundreds of millions of cubic meters) are associated
with uranium mines, while the highest amounts of ra-
dioactivity are a result of D&D at fuel reprocessing
plants.
Keywords: Decontamination, Standards, Require-
ments, Guidelines, Mills, 'Radioactive waste disposal,
'Decommissioning, 'Uranium mines, 'Fuel fabrication
plants, Mixed oxide fuel fabrication plants, Highly en-
riched uranium, Slightly enriched uranium, Uranium
hexafluoride, Environment protection.
PB83-176628 PC A14/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Martin
Lake D Area Lignite Surface Mine, Henderson,
Rusk County, Texas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Mar 83.325p EPA/906/9-83-003
TUGCO has applied for an NPDES permit for
wastewater discharges from sedimentation ponds in
the mine permit area to streams including Todd
Branch, Boggy Branch, Dry Creek, Dogwood Creek,
Boggy Creek, Mill Creek. Lignite would be mined for 30
years from 16,600 acres at 1.5 ton yearly initially, in-
creasing to 3.5 million tons yearly in 1987. Environ-
mental changes include loss of topsoils, native vegeta-
tion and wildlife habitat; removal of wetlands; reduction
of species diversity, water quality and stream flow
changes; disruption to ground-water levels; loss of
wells; land use changes. Mine spoil would be leveled
for revegetation with bermuda grass and pine forest
species, primarily.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Lignite, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Land use, Wildlife, Soil ero-
sion, Water pollution, Overburden, Waste disposal,
Mine waters, Construction, Ground water. Stream pol-
lution, Power transmission lines. Stream flow, Texas,
Revegetation, Species diversity, Rusk CountyfTexas).
PB83-176636 PC A99/MF A01
Test Methods for Nonconventional Pesticides
Chemicals Analysis of Industrial and Municipal
Wastewater,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
George M. Jett. Jan 83,694p EPA-440/1-83/079C
This document presents the findings of studies of the
pesticide chemicals point source category for the pur-
pose of developing test methods for the analysis of 66
of the 137 nonconventional pesticide pollutants for
which effluent limitations guidelines and standards
were proposed on November 30, 1982. These test
methods are proposed under authority of Sections
304(h) and 501 (a) of the dean Water Act 33 U.S.C.
1251 et 5eg. (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972) (the 'Act'). This document con-
tains compilation of three sets of methods: those de-
veloped by industry, those developed by the contrac-
tor and those developed/approved by EMSL Quality
assurance (QA) requirements for the collection, pres-
ervation and handling of samples and requirements of
quality control (QC) and safety are also contained in
this report Supporting data and rationale for the test
methods are contained in this report and supporting
file records.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Pesticides, 'Sewage,
'Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Thin layer chromatography,
Laboratory equipment Quality assurance, Quality con-
trol, Safety, Point sources, High performance liquid
chromatography.
1444 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-177105 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Benzo(a)pyrene on Sister-Chromatid Ex-
change in Fetal Hamster Liver Exposed in Utero.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Michael A. Pereira, Lofton McMillan, P. Kaur, Dushyant
K. Gulati, and P. S. Sabharwal. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-
82-062
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Pub. in Mu-
tation Research 105, p343-347 1982.
Benzo(a)pyrene between 50 and 125 mg/kg adminis-
tered maternally caused a dose-related increase in
sister-chromatid exchange in fetal hamster liver cells.
There was no difference on days 11,13 and 15 of ges-
tation in the sensitivity of fetal liver to benzo(a)pyrene.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Liver, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Exposure, Hamsters, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, 'Benzopyrenes, *Chromatid exchange.
PB83-177659 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Windblown
Partlculates. Final rept. Jun-Dec 82.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Mar 83,65p EPA-600/4-83-007
Contract EPA-68-03-3111
This report reviews and evaluates methods for esti-
mating airborne concentrations of particulates originat-
ing from waste disposal sites or similar areas over
which toxic materials have been intentionally or inad-
vertently deposited. The purpose of the work is to
identify a model (or models) that can be used to esti-
mate human exposure to windblown toxic particulates
from contaminated areas. If subsequent use of these
preliminary models indicates serious exposures can
occur to toxic particulates from hazardous waste sites,
then emission rate measurements from toxic waste
disposal sites are recommended for the development
of more accurate airborne paniculate models.
Keywords: *Solid waste disposal, *Air pollution,
•Mathematical models, Assessments, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Wind(Meteorology),
Transport properties, Public health, Sites, Hazardous
materials, 'Toxic substances, Emission factors. Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB83-178160 PC A02/MF A01
Status of Source Apportionment Methods: Quail
Roost II,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert K. Stevens, and Thompson Pace. 1983, 16p
EPA-600/D-83-022
A source apportionment workshop sponsored by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency was
held at Quail Roost Conference Center in Rougemont,
N.C. Thirty-five scientists from academic, governmen-
tal, and private institutions participated. The objective
was to compare and document results of source ap-
portionment analyses of simulated and real aerosol
data sets. The simulated set was developed by scien-
tists from the National Bureau of Standards and con-
sisted of mass and elemental concentrations generat-
ed using a dispersion model that simulated transport of
aerosols from a variety of sources to a receptor site.
The real set contained the results of x-ray fluores-
cence, combustion, ion chromatography, x-ray diffrac-
tion, and scanning electron and optical microscopy
analyses of aerosol samples collected in 18 12-hr
sampling periods in Houston, TX, Ten groups analyzed
these data sets using a variety of receptor models to
apportion the simulated and real ambient measure-
ments to potential contributing sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Mathematical
models, 'Environmental impact. Sources, Transport
properties, Sampling, Comparison, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Texas, Mass, 'Path of
pollutants, 'Air quality, Houston(Texas).
P883-178194 PC A02/MF A01
Intercomparison of Results of Several Receptor
Models for Apportioning Houston Aerosol,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thomas G. Dzubay, and Robert K. Stevens. 1983,13p
EPA-600/D-83-024
Using a set of data on aerosol composition in Houston,
TX, nine participants of the Quail Roost II receptor
modeling workshop estimated impacts of major class-
es of emission sources. The data set included mass,
elemental composition, and ionic composition of fine-
and coarse- fraction aerosol collected at the University
of Houston during 18 12-hr periods from Sept 10 to 19,
1980. Methods used to analyze this data set included
chemical mass balance, ridge regression, multiple
linear regression, and target transformation factor
analysis. Some participants performed additional anal-
yses using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron micros-
copy, and light microscopy. The number of classes de-
tected ranged from 4 (by multiple linear regression) to
23 (by light microscopy). The results were condensed
into eight general categories, intercompared, and
found to agree favorably. Differences in results were
associated with the use of different source profiles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Aer-
osols, 'Environmental impact, Sources, Texas, Com-
parison, Mass, Concentration(Composition), Ions,
Tables(Data), 'Air quality, Houston(Texas).
PB83-178202 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis of
Air Paniculate Samples,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
Albert C. Thompson, L. R. Johnson, and J. M. Jaklevic.
1983,13pEPA-600/D-83-023
The design, operation and calibration of an x-ray
powder diffraction system for the analysis of air partic-
ulate samples are described. The instrument analyzes
a sample non-destructively for its major crystalline
components. The system has been optimized for the
non-destructive analysis of major crystalline species
deposited on samples collected with dichotomous air
samplers. It includes a position-sensitive detector for
increased sensitivity and a small computer for rapid
on-line data analysis. A calibration procedure has been
developed to give direct quantitative measurements of
the primary chemical compounds on the sample. This
system was used to analyze 18 pairs of samples of the
Houston aerosol. The results of this analysis when
combined with the measurement of the elemental con-
centrations by XRF analysis give additional discrimina-
tion in source receptor models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, *X ray diffraction,
*Gas detectors, X ray analysis, Samples, Aerosols,
Nondestructive tests, Laboratory equipment, Particle
size, Calibrating, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, *Air pollution detection.
PB83-178327 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Characterization of Contaminated Nuclear Sites,
Facilities and Materials: Radioisotope and Radio-
pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Suppliers.
Final rept.
Evaluation Research Corp., Oak Ridge, TN.
1983,107p
See also PB83-178335.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is devel-
oping environmental protection standards for evaluat-
ing the risks and characterizing problems associated
with disposal of radioactive wastes arising from decon-
tamination and decommissioning D&D operations. In-
formation on operations conducted at sites authorized
to possess radioactive materials for the production
and/or distribution of radioisotopes and radiopharma-
ceuticals was compiled and evaluated. This informa-
tion was used to project the types, nature, and vol-
umes of wastes which are likely to be generated during
decontamination and decommissioning at representa-
tive facilities and identifying special problems that may
occur. Radioisotope and radiopharmaceutical manu-
facturers have been grouped together because de-
commissioning operations will be similar. Nuclear
pharmacies were also evaluated because of their in-
creasing numbers and their role as middlemen be-
tween manufacturers and users of radiopharmaceuti-
cals. The majority of the radioactive waste will arise
from the decontamination of the laboratories, rather
than the disposal of components.
Keywords: Decontamination, Facilities, Radioactive
isotopes, Industries, Pharmacy, Laboratories, Stand-
ards, 'Decommissioning, Radioactive waste disposal,
Radiopharmaceuticals, Environment protection, Radi-
ation protection.
PB83-178335 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Characterization of Contaminated Nuclear Sites,
Facilities, and Materials: Research and Develop-
ment.
Evaluation Research Corp., Oak Ridge, TN.
Feb83,108p
See also PB83-178327 and PB83-178343.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is devel-
oping environmental protection standards for evaluat-
ing the risks and characterizing problems associated
with disposal of radioactive wastes arising from decon-
tamination and decommissioning (D&D) operations. A
list of sites authorized to possess radioactive materials
for independent research and development (R&D) was
compiled. Available information on operations con-
ducted at these sites was used to project the types,
characteristics, and volumes of radioactive wastes
likely to be generated during their decommissioning.
The facilities were divided into three categories ac-
cording to the operation conducted and the probability
of radiological problems arising during D&D.
Keywords: Facilities, Decontamination, Radioactive
isotopes, Standards, Operations, Laboratories, Indus-
tries, 'Decommissioning, 'Nuclear facilities, 'Radioac-
tive waste disposal, Environment protection. Risk as-
sessment. Radiation protection.
PB83-178343 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Characterization of Contaminated Nuclear Sites,
Facilities and Materials: Accelerators. Final rept.
Evaluation Research Corp., Oak Ridge, TN.
1983,146p
See also PB83-178335.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is devel-
oping environmental protection standards for evaluat-
ing the risks and characterizing problems associated
with disposal of radioactive wastes arising from decon-
tamination and decommissioning (D&D) operations. A
list was compiled of organizations operating 1042
active particle accelerators. A review of the operation-
al health physics problems at these facilities, was used
to characterize the types and volumes of wastes which
are likely to result from D&D. The accelerators were
grouped into three general classes (constant direct
current field machines, incremental acceleration ma-
chines and magnetic field machines) based upon the
method of particle acceleration.
Keywords: 'Particle accelerators, 'Health physics, De-
contamination, Facilities, Hospitals, Universities, Di-
rectories, 'Decommissioning, Radioactive waste dis-
posal, Risk assessment, Environment protection, Nu-
clear facilities.
PB83-179705 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Impact State. Tallahassee-Leon
County Wastewater Management, Tallahassee,
Leon County, Florida. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Mar 83,223p EPA-904/9-83-106
See also PB82-106428.
This Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) has
addressed the Federal Action of the Provision of Fed-
eral Funds for Phase II wastewater facilities as pro-
posed by the Draft 201 Facilities plan for Tallahassee-
Leon County. The selected action for the Final EIS is
that no further Federal grants be made for expansion
of the wastewater system beyond that already ap-
proved under Phase I of the 201 Plan. The basis of this
decision is the determination that the Phase I facilities
already approved by EPA will serve all existing and
some future needs, and that new growth in wastewater
generation can be handled in an environmentally
sound and cost effective manner by on-site and small
community systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Upgrading, Construction,
Sludge disposal, Environmental impacts, Ground
December 1983 1445
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water. Aquatic plants, Wildlrfe, Rood plains, Swamps,
'Sewage treatment plants, Leon County(Florida),
Tallahassee(Florida).
PB83-179838 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Analysis of State and Federal Sulfur Dioxide Emis-
sion Regulations for Combustion Sources,
TRW Environmental Engineering Div., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Kenneth R. Woodard, Donna Quidley, and Charles
Hester. Nov 81,138p EPA/450/2-81-079
Contract EPA-68-02-3515
Summary of State Implementation Plan (SIP) regula-
tions and Federal new source performance standards
(NSPS) pertaining to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions
from fuel combustion. !
ton.
Includes much tabular informa-
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Regulations, *Sulfur
dioxide, National government. Industrial wastes. Com-
bustion products, Tables(Data),
Ck>ncentratk)n(Cornposition), State government, *Air
pollution abatement State implementation plans, New
source performance standards.
PB83-179978 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effects of Organic Solvents on the PermeatoHtty
of Clay Soil*. Final rept. Aug 79-Jun 81,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, and D. C. Anderson. Mar 83,166p EPA-
600/2-63-016
Grant EPA-R-606825
Traditionally, water has been used as the fluid with
which to measure permeability of compacted day soils
to assess their suitability lor lining hazardous waste
landfill and surface impoundments. To determine if
permeability of the liner is sufficiently characterized by
its being tested with water alone, permeability studies
were conducted using both water and a spectrum of
organic fluids commonly placed in hazardous waste
disposal facilities. Four day soils, including kaolinitic, 8-
Stic, and smectrbc day soils, were evaluated. Results
of this study indicate a need to test the permeability of
cfay liners with whatever organic fluids the Kner may be
Keywords: •Organic solvents, 'Earth fids, 'Linings,
'Clay soils. Permeability, Hazardous materials, Water,
Performance evaluation. Leaching, 'Land disposal,
'Liquid wastes. State of the art
PB83-180232 PC A05/MF A01
Pie*nln«y Perspective on Pure Methanol Fuel
for Transportation. Final rept
Erivironmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Sep 82,10Op EPA-460/3-83-003
This report examines the relative advantages and dis-
advantages of the use of pure methanol fuel in motor
vehides designed for its use over conventional fuels.
This report specifically addresses the use of pure or
neat methanol it does not address methanol gasoine
blends for use in existing automobCes. Five basic
issues are cSscussed: (1) The avateb*ty of raw materi-
als for methanol production such as coal, natural gas,
wood, biomass, municipal waste and peat (2) The ral-
alive avaUab*ty of technology and environmental ef-
fects of producing methanol and conventional fuels
from non-petroleum domestic feedstocks. (3) The
practicality of attributing a new fuel for use in motor
vehicles. (4) The exhaust emissions and fuel efficiency
of motor vehicles operating on pure methanol fuel rela-
tive to those of conventional vehicles. (5) The eco-
nomics of producing, distributing and using methanol
as a motor vehicle fuel.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Motor vehicles. Fuels,
Exhaust emissions. Economic analysis. Fuel consump-
tion, Technology, Performance evaluation. Sources,
Biomass, Manufacturing.
PB83-1B0422 PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Final Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines, New Source Performance Stand-
ards, and Pretreatment Standards for the Coal
Mining Point Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Allison Weideman. Oct 82,646p EPA-440/1 -82/057
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the
presence and concentrations of the 129 toxic or 'priori-
ty' pollutants in the coal mining point source category
for possible regulation. This development document
presents the technical data base developed by EPA
with regard to these pollutants and their treatability for
regulation under the dean Water Act The concentra-
tions of conventional and nonconventional pollutant
control technology (BCT) and the best available tech-
nology economically achievable (BAT), respectively.
Necessary modifications to prior regulations based on
best practicable control technology currently available
(BPT) were also identified. Treatment technologies
were also for designation as the best available demon-
strated technology upon which new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS) are based. This document out-
lines the technology options considered and the ra-
tionale for selecting each technology level. These
technology levels are the basis for the promulgated ef-
fluent limitations.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Guidelines, 'Standards,
'Water pollution control. Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), Technology, Revisions,
Point sources. Best technology, New source perform-
ance standards.
PB83-180430 PC A24/MF A01
Symposium on the Application of Short-Term
Bioassay* in the Analysis of Complex Environ-
mental Mixtures, Proceedings (3rd),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Michael D. Waters, Shahbeg S. Sandhu, Joellen
Lewtas, Larry Claxton, and Neil Chemoff. Mar 83,560p
EPA-600/9-83-004
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Third
Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioas-
says in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mix-
tures was held January 25-27, 1982, in Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. The symposium proceedings contains
37 research articles and review papers that discuss
the current development and use of short-term testing
to evaluate potential human hearth hazards of environ-
mental chemical exposure. Three sections of the doc-
ument are devoted to the development of short-term
bioassays for carctnogerwcity, mutagerucrty, and tera-
tology. Other sections address the collection and prep-
aration of environmental samples, the application of
bioassays to the characterization of hazardous com-
ponents, and the integrated approach to environmen-
tal assessment
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Bioassay, 'Meet-
ings, 'Chemical compounds, Public hearth, Exposure,
Sampling, Hazardous materials. Toxicology, In vivo
analysis, In vitro analysis, Laboratory animals, Carcino-
genesis, Mutagenesis, Teratogenesis.
PBH-180539 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Descriptive Summary: Survey of Operating and Ft-
nwicW Characteristics of Community Water Sys-
tems. Fmal rept
Temple, Barker and Stoane, Inc., Lexington, MA.
7 Oct 82.154p EPA-570/9-82-006
Contract EPA-68-01 -6454
See also PB-267096.
During the first six months of 1982, the Office of Drink-
ing Water of the Environmental Protection Agency car-
ried out a survey of the financial and operating charac-
teristics of community water systems. A random
sample stratified on the basis of the system size and
ownership was selected. Twelve size categories
based on population served were used. The following
four ownerships were chosen as the basis of stratifica-
tion: Pubic, Private, Ancillary and Native American.
Keywords: 'Water distribution, 'Water supply, 'Eco-
nomic analysis, 'Communities, Financial manage-
ment Operating costs, 'Drinking water.
PB83-180646 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
North American Motor Vehicle Emissions Control
Conference (9th), Proceedings, Scottsdato, Arizo-
na, May 4-7,1982.
Arizona State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix.
Bureau of Vehicular Emmissions Inspection.
1982,401 p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report includes the various issues discussed at
the North American Motor Vehicle Emissions Control
Conference held in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 4-7,
1982. A few of the issues presented within this report
include: The Clean Air Act Amendments, air quality
planning, monitoring and modeling, alternate fuels, ex-
haust emission control for light-duty and heavy-duty
vehicles, diesel engines and Inspection and mainte-
nance programs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Meetings, Management planning, Motor vehicles, In-
spection, Maintenance, Mathematical models, Air
quality, Alternate fuels, Heavy duty vehicles,
Arizona(Scottsdale).
PB83-180844 PC A15/MF AOt
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Rangeland Watershed Water Budget and Grazing
Cattle Waste Nutrient Cycling. Final rept,
Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater.
Jeff Powell, Frank R. Crow, and Donald G. Wagner.
Mar 83,333p EPA-600/2-83-017
Contract EPA-R-803735
This research project was designed to determine
baseline data concerning the source, movement con-
centration and factors affecting nonpoint pollutants in
runoff from a representative 60-hectare, tallgrass prai-
rie watershed grazed by cattle in North Central Okla-
homa. Measurements were made to determine pre-
cipitation and runoff amounts and concentrations of
sediment nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, BOD,
COD and TOC. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and
structural carbohydrates were determined in live and
standing dead vegetation and dung collected periodi-
cally from different locations on the watershed.
Keywords: 'Cattle, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Water pollu-
tion, Runoff, Nutrients, Grassland, 'Nonpoirrt sources.
PB83-181115 PCA02/MFA01
EPA Evaluation of the PETRO-MIZER Device
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Dec 82,15p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-83-2
See also PB81-227043.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'PETRO-MIZER' device under the
provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Infor-
mation and Cost Sayings Act The evaluation of the
'PETRO-MIZER' device was conducted upon recerv-
ingan application for evaluation by the marketer. The
'PETRO-MIZER' is a device when used in a fuel line
leading to the engine of an automobile or truck, results
in improved fuel efficiency and reduction in the
amounts of polluting emissions. EPA fully considered
all of the information submitted by the applicant The
authors have concluded there is no technical basis to
justify an EPA confirmatory test program on the device
or to expect that the device would improve either emis-
sions or fuel economy.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Carburetors, 'Fuel con-
sumption, 'Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions,
Performance evaluation, Tests, 'Petromizer devices.
PB83-181123 PC A02/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Gas Saving and Emission
Control Improvement Device under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Jan 83,24p EPA-AA-TEB-511-
83-5
1446 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB81 -219032.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Gas Saving and Emission Control Im-
provement device under the provisions of Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
The evaluation of the 'Gas Saving and Emission Con-
trol Improvement' device was conducted upon receiv-
ing an application for evaluation by the manufacturer.
The device is a 3/4 inch thick carburetor adapter plate
that is installed between the carburetor and intake
manifold. The device is claimed to reduce emissions,
improve fuel economy, clean the engine and make it
virtually maintenance free, and improve engine power.
The information supplied by the applicant was insuffi-
cient to adequately substantiate either the emissions
or fuel economy benefits claimed for the device.
Keywords: *Fuel consumption, *Air pollution control
equipment, "Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Maintenance,
*Gas saving and emission control device.
PB83-181131 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Russell Fuelmlser Device
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Stanley L. Syria. Sep 82, 58p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -82-13
The evaluation of the Russell Fuelmiser device was
conducted after receiving an application for evaluation
by the marketer. The device is claimed to improve fuel
economy and exhaust emissions levels as well as ve-
hicle performance. The device consists of two compo-
nents; one to chill the fuel and the other to chill the air-
fuel mixture. The chilling process is accomplished by
installing the above components into the air condition-
ing system's low pressure refrigerant lines. Additional-
ly, certain parameter changes to the carburetor and ig-
nition systems are also recommended.
Keywords: "Automobiles, Motor vehicles, Cost engi-
neering, Tests, 'Fuel economy, 'Exhaust systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Automobile exhaust. Performance
evaluation.
PB83-181149 PCA02/MFA01
EPA Evaluation of the Fuel Economizer Device
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Stanley L Syria. Sep 82,21 p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -82-15
The evaluation of the Fuel Economizer device was
conducted upon receiving a request from an importer
of the device. The Fuel Economizer device is claimed
to improve fuel economy and exhaust emission levels,
vehicle performance, and also the life of certain igni-
tion components. The Fuel Economizer unit converts
the high tension D.C. current given by the ignition coil
into high frequency A.C. current This A.C. current of
20,000 cycles per second gives multiple sparks at vari-
ous points on the spark plug. Being independent of the
ohmtc resistance it fires the plugs even if they are
fouled. This in effect gives cleaner exhaust and fuel
economy improvement.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, Motor vehicles, Cost engi-
neering, Tests, 'Fuel economy, 'Exhaust systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Automobile exhaust. Performance
evaluation.
PB83-181156 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Freedom Products Hot Tip
Device under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle In-
formation and Cost Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Sep 82,60p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-16
The evaluation of the Freedom Products Hot Tip
device was conducted upon the application of the mar-
keter of the device. This device is claimed to reduce
emissions and improve fuel economy. The device is a
heated idle mixture screw which incorporates an air
bleed. The device is claimed to improve the prepara-
tion of the fuel/air mixture and thereby improve fuel
economy and performance.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, Motor vehicles, Cost engi-
neering, Tests, 'Fuel economy, 'Exhaust systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Automobile exhaust, Performance
evaluation.
PB83-181263 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Other Ha-
lomethanes: An Environmental Assessment Final
rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1978,309p ISBN-0-309-02763-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -3253
Library of Congress catalog card no. 78-58464.
This study assesses the scientific and technical infor-
mation available on a class of potential multimedia en-
vironmental pollutants, the nonfluorinated halometh-
anes. This class of compounds includes the chlorinat-
ed, brominated, and iodinated methanes, and a few
compounds containing two different halogens, such as
bromodichloromethane. Of these compounds, the
report considers chloroform and carbon tetrachloride
in the greatest detail, primarily because the data avail-
able on these chemicals are more extensive than on
other halomethanes, and they have been shown to be
carcinogenic when administered in high doses to test
animals.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Chloroform,
'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Halogen organic compounds,
Assessments, Methanes.
PB83-181545 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Development of Paniculate Emission Factors,
Falcon Research and Development Co., Buffalo, NY.
J. C. Bernard. Dec 80,39p FR/D-3520-5/BUF-41
Contract EPA-68-03-2835
The 1977 Clean Air Act amendments require that the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set particulate
matter standards for motor vehicles and study the ef-
fects on health of these emissions. The purpose of this
report is to summarize the work done to characterize
particulate emissions from mobile sources and to esti-
mate appropriate particulate emission factors.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Standards, 'Emission factors, Clean Air Act
PB83-181560 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL
Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Physiological Effects of Drilling Muds on Reef
Corals,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept of Oceanogra-
phy.
Alina Szmant-Froelich. Mar 83,44p EPA-600/3-83-
013
Grant EPA-CR-807345-01
Pieces of coral from two species, Montastrea annularis
and Acropora cervicornis, were exposed in the labora-
tory to concentrations of 0, 1,10, and 100 ppm drilling
mud for periods of two days to seven weeks. Several
physiological functions of the coral animal (calcifica-
tion rate, respiration rate) and of their zooxanthellae
(photosynthesis rate, nutrient uptake rate) were moni-
tored at regular intervals during the exposure periods.
In addition, biomass parameters (tissue nitrogen, zoox-
anthellae cell density, chlorophyll content) were meas-
ured at two-week intervals for the longer exposure ex-
periment, and at the end of each experiment for the
shorter exposures. Initial long-term exposures of
pieces of Montastrea annularis to a series of drill muds
(designated JX-2 through JX-7) collected from a Jay
oil-field well showed a significant detrimental effect on
calcification, respiration, and NO3 uptake rates during
the fourth week of exposure to 100 ppm drill mud. Pho-
tosynthesis and NH4 uptake rates were affected also
during the fifth week of exposure. Normal feeding be-
havior was absent from these corals when tested
during the sixth and seventh weeks of exposure. Sev-
eral 100 ppm corals died during the fifth and sixth
weeks.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Coral, 'Toxicology, Aquatic
animals, Reefs, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Montastrea annularis, Acropora cer-
vicornis.
PB83-181578 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Insecticide Versus
Carcinogenic Action. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
S. M. D'Ambrosio, N. J. Lewis, R. W. Hart, and W. J.
Collins. Mar 83, 49p EPA-600/1-83-003
Grant EPA-R-805008
The purpose of this grant was the determination of
those structural characteristics responsible for the del-
eterious vs beneficial effects of chlorinated pesticides.
These studies have led to the development of a model
system for the rational design, synthesis and evalua-
tion of insecticidal compounds with reduced genetic
hazard.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Insecti-
cides, 'Carcinogens, 'Mathematical models, Public
health, Hydrocarbons, Toxicity.
PB83-181743 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies in Air Quality Meteorology at North Caroli-
na State University,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Walter J. Saucier, Ted L. Tsui, Gerald F. Watson, and
Allen J. Riordan. Mar 83,116p EPA-600/3-83-011
Grant EPA-805554
This report is comprised of summaries of eight investi-
gations into diverse areas of air quality meteorology re-
sulting from a cooperative research effort by graduate
students and faculty of the atmospheric sciences pro-
gram of North Carolina State University and the staff
and facilities of the EPA Meteorology and Assessment
Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Re-
search topics include: Meteorological analysis of the
St. Louis RAPS data; Atmosphenc visibility and sus-
pended particulates; Mesoscale wind structure over
complex terrain; Surface winds in mountainous terrain
inferred from 850 mb rawinsonde data.
Keywords: 'Meteorology, Climatology, Ozone, Visibili-
ty, Particles, Trends, Air pollution, Wind(Meteorology),
'Air quality, 'North Carolina State University.
PB83-181826 PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Cost Equations. Final rept. Jul 80-
Sep81,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Paul Dorsey, and Robert M. Clark. Dec 82,155p EPA-
600/2-82-055
This report presents capital, and operating and mainte-
nance cost equations for 99 water treatment unit proc-
esses. The equations, derived from a cost data base
developed for the Drinking Water Research Division
can be used to provide preliminary cost estimates for
individual unit processes or for entire trains. Methodol-
ogy used for deriving the equations, an explanation as
to how the equations were developed, equation test-
ing, possible uses, and examples of their application
are presented in this report. A computer program has
been developed to encourage use of these equations.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Cost analysis, 'Water
treatment, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Mainte-
nance, Computer programs, Economic analysis,
Design criteria, Numerical solution.
PB83-181834 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preliminary Operations Plan and Guidelines for
the At-Sea Incineration of Liquid PCB (Polychlori-
nated biphenyl) Wastes. Final rept,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
T. J. Hennings, P. A. Painter, L. L. Scinto, and A. M.
Takata. Apr 82,121 p EPA-600/2-82-068
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report is a preliminary operations plan and guide-
lines report for the disposal of po|ychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) wastes by at-sea incineration. The study was di-
vided into two subtasks: Subtask A was the develop-
ment of an inventory of government-owned PCB
wastes suitable for at-sea incineration; and Subtask B
was the development of operating plans and a scned-
December 1983 1447
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ute for an EPA-coordinated project to dispose of these
wastes. Land-based operations include waste collec-
tion and preparation, transportation to a processing fa-
cility, processing of wastes and containers, interim
storage of bulk liquids, transportation to a ship loading
site on the Gulf of Mexico, and ship loading. Inciner-
ation site selection, permit requirements, incineration
procedures, and cargo tank decontamination are ad-
dressed for at-sea operations.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Guidelines, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds. Storage, Sites, Decontamination, *Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyts, 'Ocean waste disposal,
'Liquid waste disposal.
PB83-181875 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Disposal of Radium-Barium Suttate Sludge from a
Water Treatment Plant In Midland, South Dakota.
Final rapt,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
Connie Kimball, and Steve Orzynski. Dec 82,93p EPA-
908/6-82-009
Contract EPA-68-01 -6008
The town of Midland, South Dakota has levels of
radum-226 in its groundwater drinking water supply
which exceed EPA drinking water standards. A newly-
designed treatment plant will use barium chloride to
preopitate out the radium. As a result, a radium-barium
sulfate sludge will be produced. The initial task of this
report is to determine the degree of radioactivity of the
sludge and to investigate the appropriate EPA, NRC
and DOT guidelines which regulate the handling and
dteposal of this low-level radioactive waste. Hazards
both to workers and intruders are assessed. The quan-
tity and quality of the sludge are consequently project-
ed and alternative disposal methods evaluated. Pack-
aging and shipment to a licensed radioactive waste
disposal site, co-disposal with uranium mHI tailings, dis-
posal at a state-operated site, and land disposal at the
treatment plant are considered as alternatives. Various
immobilization techniques, including bitumenization,
polymeric solidification and concrete encapsulation
are also investigated.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Substitutes, Sites, Water treatment, Potable water,
Barium sutfates. Natural radtoactivity, South Dakota,
•Radum 226. 'Sludge disposal, Midtand(South
Dakota), Land ofeposal.
PB83-181917 PC A18/MF A01
Chsinicsf Activities Status Report- Third Edillofi,
Volume L Toxics Integration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Beanor T. Merrick. Jun 82,404p' EPA-560/TIIS-82-
002A
See also 1st Edtion, PB-301 366, and Volume 2, 3rd
Ed*on,PB83-181925.
Volume I provides names and synonyms for chemicals
included in the data base, both alphabetically and by
registry number. Volume It gives brief descriptions of
chemical-specific regulations, guidelines, and studies
of EPA. Together, the reports permit users to identify
chemicals of interest to EPA, and describe EPA activi-
ties related to those chemicals.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Tabtes(Data). Water pollution, Air pollution,
Radioactive contaminants. Potable water. Pesticides,
'Tone substances, 'Hazardous materials. Solid
wastes. Listings.
PBC3-181925 PC A18/MF A01
CfMOtfcat ActMHM Status "sport Third EdWon,
Volume IL Toxics Integration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington. DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Eleanor T. Merrick. Jun 82,412p' EPA-560/TIIS-82-
002B
See abo Volume 1,3rd Edttkxi, PB83-1S1917.
Volume I provides names and synonyms for chemicals
included in the data base, both atphabeticaHy and by
registry number. Volume II gives brief descriptions of
chemical-specific regulations, guidelines and studies
of EPA. Together, the reports permit users to identify
cheiracate of interest to EPA, and describe EPA activi-
ties related to those chemicals.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Air pollution, Water pollution. Radioactive
contaminants, Pesticides, Potable water,
Tables(Data), 'Toxic substances, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Solid wastes, Listings.
PB83-181941 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Temperature Correction Formulas for Adjusting
Estimates of Automobile Fuel Consumption,
Falcon Research and Development Co., Buffalo, NY.
Norman Morse. May 80,45p 3520-1 /BUF-35
Contract EPA-68-03-2835
This report describes an analysis of test data leading
to formulas reflecting temperature effects on automo-
bile fuel consumption. The purpose of the task was to
provide factors which, when used to multiply fuel con-
sumption estimates for vehicle operation at standard
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) temperatures, (68-86F)
would yield corrected estimates of fuel consumption
for operation outside the FTP ambient temperature
range.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Temperature, Graphs,
Formulas(Mathernatics), 'Fuel consumption.
PB83-182279 PC A08/MF A01
Regional Recreation Demand and Benefits Model.
Final rept,,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ronald J. Sutherland. Mar 83,159p EPA-600/3-83-
016
This report describes a regional recreation demand
and benefits model that is used to estimate recreation
demand and value (consumers' surplus) of four activi-
ties at each of 195 sites in Washington, Oregon, Idaho,
and western Montana. The recreation activities con-
sidered are camping, fishing, swimming, and boating.
The model is a generalization of the single-site travel-
cost method of estimating a recreation demand curve
to virtually an unlimited number of sites. The major
components of the analysis include the theory of
recreation benefits, a travel-cost recreation demand
curve, and a gravity model of regional recreation travel
flows. Existing recreation benefits are estimated for
each site in the region and for each activity. Recreation
benefits of improved water quality in degraded rivers
and streams in the Pacific Northwest are estimated on
a county basis for Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Al-
though water quality is emphasized, the model has the
capability of estimating demand and value for new or
improved recreation sites at lakes, streams or reser-
voirs.
Keywords: 'Recreation, 'Mathematical models,
Demand(Economics), Fishing, Swimming, Travel time,
Water quality, Washington(State), Oregon, Idaho,
Montana, 'Western region(United States), Camping,
Boating.
PB83-182287 PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Bacterial Bioassay for Level I Toxtetty Assess-
ment Final rept,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept of Civil Engineer-
ing.
Kenneth J. Williamson, and Peter O. Nelson. Mar 83,
87pEPA-600/3-83-017
Grant EPA-R-806297
Nitrifying bacteria were tested to determine their appli-
cability as a Level I bioassay organism. Level 1 testing
involves general bioassay and analysis procedures
that will identify the presence of toxicrty in a given
waste stream. The toxicity of five metals and three or-
ganic toxicants to the nitrifying bacteria (Nitrobacter
and Nitrosomonas) were determined and compared to
other common bioassay organisms. In general, bacte-
rial exhibited somewhat lower sensitivity for general
metabolic toxicants, but dramatically lower sensitivity
for specific target-site toxicants. The application of the
bacterial bioassay was shown for two cases of Level I
testing: a field study of a toxic industrial waste and its
pre-treatment and an assessment study of the poten-
tial teachate problems for a flue-gas scrubber solid
waste.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Metals, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
Nitrification, Sensitivity. Industrial waste treatment,
Waste treatment, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Solid
wastes.
PB83-182303 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Biochemical Analyses for Detection and Assess-
ment of Pollution In the Subsurface Environment
Final rept.,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stiltwater. Dept. of Biochemis-
try.
Jenq. C. Chang, Andrea B. Arquitt, Rosalee Merz,
Elizabeth R. Doyel, and Phyllis T. Norton. Mar 83,143p
EPA-600/2-83-021
GrantEPA-R-804613
Selected biochemical analysis techniques were inves-
tigated for potential use in detecting and assessing
pollution of subsurface environments. Procedures for
determining protein, nucleic acids, organic phosphate,
lipopolysaccharides, and various coenzymes and
enzyme systems were evaluated. These procedures
were modified and adapted for application to environ-
mental samples, and sensitivities were determined in
terms of numbers of Escherichia coli cells which could
be detected.
Keywords: 'Biochemistry, 'Water analysis, 'Soil anal-
ysis, 'Environmental surveys, Groundwater, Water
pollution, Samples, Enzymes, Proteins, Nucleic acids,
Organic phosphates, Carbohydrates, Chemilumines-
cence, Bioluminescence, Escherichia, Enzymatic cy-
cling.
PB83-182386 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
National MOBILE2 Variable Estimates.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Nov 80,64p
Contract EPA-68-03-2888
The purpose of this report is to develop national esti-
mates of 12 MOBILE2 input variables for use in the
MOBILE2 computer program and its supporting docu-
mentation. This report presents both the national esti-
mates for each of these variables and explains the
techniques used to derive them. In most cases, the es-
timates included in this report reflect national data in-
clusive of both urban arid rural areas. Where only
urban data was available for making national esti-
mates, this is specifically noted in the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Urban areas, Rural areas, Ex-
haust emissions, Mathematical models, Motor vehi-
cles, 'Mobile source emissions model, 'Air quality.
Emission factors.
PB83-182493 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Analysis of ARB (Air Resources Board) Data for
California Emission Factors. Final rept,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Gins, Nancy Chang, Michael Thiele, and George
Rakuljic. Aug 80,64p TSC-PD-A231 -3
Contract EPA-68-03-2836
The Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
within the Environmental Protection Agency has the
responsibility to monitor emissions from in-use pas-
senger vehicles in order to assess the impact of these
emissions on air quality throughout the county. The
mobile source emission estimation model, MOBILE2,
(an updated version of MOBILE1) has, as a major com-
ponent, emission factors which are ultimately used to
assess the impact of mobile emissions on air quality.
The objective of this task order is to analyze emissions
data gathered by the California Air Resources Board
(CARB). This analysis will then be compared to the re-
sults of the California emission factors derived by the
EPA from data gathered in Emission Factor Programs.
EPA will use this relationship to compare Cafifomia
and Federal emissions for vehicles with similar tech-
nologies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Assess-
ments, California, Mathematical models, Sites, Motor
vehicles, 'Emission factors, 'Air quality, 'California air
resources board. Mobile source emissions model,
State implementation plans.
1448 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-182758 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
Richard Londergan, David Minott, David Wackier,
Thomas Kincaid, and David Bonitata. Oct82,306p
EPA-450/4-83-003
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
This report summarizes the results of a comprehen-
sive evaluation of 'rural' point source air quality simula-
tion models using routinely collected data around the
Cliffy Creek power plant. The report contains numer-
ous tabulations of each model's performance in terms
of statistical measures of performance recommended
by the American Meteorological Society. The purpose
of the report is two-fold. First, it serves to document for
the models considered, and similar models, their rela-
tive performance. Second, it provides the basis for a
peer scientific review of the models. To stay within the
spirit of this latter purpose, the report is limited to a fac-
tual presentation of information and performance sta-
tistics. No attempt is made to interpret the statistics or
to provide direction to the reader, lest reviewers might
be biased.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
•Etedric power plants, Rural areas, Tables(Data), In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide,
* Air quality.
PB83-182832 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Ml. Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Con-
trol.
Techniques for Estimating MOBILE2 Variables.
Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Jul 80,150p
The purpose of this report is to develop a general
users information package for selected MOBILE2
input variables. Specifically, estimation techniques are
needed so that users from state and local agencies
can use MOBILE2 to produce mobile source emission
factor estimates appropriate to their particular areas.
This report describes techniques that can be used to
estimate certain MOBILE2 input variables. These tech-
niques are designed to assist users who do not pos-
sess information on one or more of the MOBILE2 input
variables readily available and need guidance on po-
tential techniques.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Mathe-
matical models, Motor vehicles, *Air quality, 'Mobile
source emissions model, Emission factors, Light duty
vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB83-182857 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Regional MOBILE2 Estimates. Technical rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysts, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Nov80,76p
Contract EPA-68-03-2888
The purpose of this report is to develop regional esti-
mates of 12 MOBILE2 input variables for use in the
MOBILE2 computer program and its supporting docu-
mentation. The 12 variables are: mileage accumulation
by age, vehicle registrations by age, average trips/day,
vehicle miles, total vehicle miles traveled fractions,
fraction of vehicles with air conditioning, air condition-
ing usage, average temperatures, average humidity
levels, average percent vehicle miles traveled in cold/
hot starts for catalysts and non-catalysts vehicles,
fraction of trips with extra load or trailer towing and
speed. The regions discussed in this report are low-al-
titude non-California, high-altitude non-California and
California. Data for California is presented separately
from that of other 49 states because the motor vehicle
emission standards in the state of California differ from
the Federal standards. Therefore, MOB1LE2 includes a
separate set of emission factor assumptions for Cali-
fornia.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "Mathe-
matical models, Motor vehicles, Standards, Regula-
tions, Tabtes(Data), 'Mobile source emissions model,
'Air quality, Mobile2 programming language, Emission
factors.
PB83-182873 PC A02/MF A01
Acidification Effects on Macroinvertebrates and
Fathead Minnows ('Pimephales promelas') in Out-
door Experimental Channels. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
James A. Zischke, John W. Arthur, Kathleen J. Nordlie,
Roger 0. Hermanutz, and Douglas A. Standen. Jul 81,
19pEPA-600/J-83-004
Pub. in Water Research, v17 p47-63 1983.
Three outdoor experimental channels at the U.S. EPA
Monticello (Minnesota) Ecological Research Station
were employed to assess in the field acidification ef-
fects on macroinvertebrate communities and popula-
tions of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). One
channel served as ambient (pH 8), the second was
acidified with sulfuric acid to pH 6 and the third to pH 5
for 17 weeks. Acidification did not markedly increase
toxic metal concentrations in the channels; however,
there was some evidence of possible mercury mobili-
zation. Benthic macroinvertebrate densities were
lower in the acidified channels during most of the study
and final diversity indices were 2.1, 1.7 and 1.2 in the
ambient, pH 6 and pH 5 channels, respectively. Drift of
amphipods and leeches was stimulated in the pH 5
channel early in the study.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Fishes, 'Invertebrates, Re-
prints, Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-182881 PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Fenvalerate and Permethrin to Several
Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Richard L Anderson. 10 Feb 82,9p EPA-600/J-82-
292
Pub. in Environmental Entomology, v11 n6 p1251-
1257 Dec 82.
Selected species of stoneflies, caddisflies, mayflies,
dipterans, amphipods, and snails were exposed, in the
laboratory, to fenvalerate or permethrin in a flowing-
water test system for upto 28 days. Both behavior and
death were monitored during the exposure. The LC50
values decreased with increasing exposure time. Be-
havior changes or death were seen at concentrations
as low as 0.022 micrograms/liter for fenvalerate and
0.030 micrograms/liter for permethrin. In the fenvaler-
ate exposures, amphipods were the most sensitive,
followed by the insects and snails. In the permethrin
exposures, changes in normal behavior occurred
within hours, but death did not exceed 50% until at
least 14 days of exposure. Pesticide accumulation was
determined in fenvalerate-exposed snails and per-
methrin-exposed stoneflies. The range of accumulated
fenvalerate in snails was 177 to 1,286 times greater
than water concentration. The stoneflies' concentra-
tion factor for permethrin ranged from 43 to 570.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, *Toxicolo_gy, Invertebrates,
Bioassay, Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Fenvalerate, 'Per-
methrin, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-182899 PC A02/MF A01
Intraovarian Invasion of Smallmouth Bass Oo-
cytes by 'Proteocephalus ambloplltls' (Cestoda).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. Howard McCormtok, and Gertrude N. Stokes. 1982,
5pEPA-600/J-82-291
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v68 n5 p973-975 Oct 82.
The bass tapeworm Proteocephalus ambloplites (Ces-
toda) has long been associated with poor reproduction
in bass Micropterus sp. It has been suggested that the
prevalence of this parasite in the ovaries of mature
bass may be due to the rich blood supply of the ova-
ries. The authors suggest that the nutrients available in
maturing oocytes may be at least equally as responsi-
ble for the abundance of the parasite in bass ovaries.
The authors further suggest that, in addition to the scar
tissue formed by parasitic invasion, direct oocyte de-
struction may also contribute to reduced production of
viable oocytes and subsequent impaired reproductive
success. Two photomicrographs are provided to sup-
port these beliefs.
Keywords: 'Parasites, 'Fishes,
Reproduction(Biology), Ovaries, Reprints, Proteoce-
phalus ambloplites, Smallmouth bass, Micropterus.
PB83-182907 PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of the Synthetic Pyrethrolds, Permethrin
and AC 222, 705 and Their Accumulation In Early
Life Stages of Fathead Minnows and Snails. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Robert L Spehar, Danny K. Tanner, and Beth R.
Nordling. 30 Aug 82,14p EPA-600/J-83-005
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 3, p171 -1821983.
Early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales pro-
melas) were exposed to permethrin and AC 222, 705
and snails (Helisoma trivolvis) were exposed to per-
methrin in continuous flow-through exposures for ap-
proximately 30 days. Saturated solutions of each pesti-
cide were used to avoid the use of solvents. Survival of
newly hatched larvae and early juveniles was found to
be the most sensitive measure of effect on fathead
minnows of both pesticides. AC 222,705 was approxi-
mately 20 times more toxic to fathead minnows than
permethrin by the end of the test period.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Snails, Reprints,
Pimephales promelas, Fathead minnows, Helisoma tri-
volvis, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-182915 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Hlstologlcal Effects and Bioaccumulation Poten-
tial of Coal Partlculate-Bound Phenanthrene in the
Fathead Minnow 'Pimephales promelas'. Journal
article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
Ellen Heath Gerhart, Robert J. Liukkonen, Robert M.
Carlson, Gertrude N. Stokes, and Marta Lukasewycz.
1981,18pEPA-600/J-81-612
Grant EPA-R-803952
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 25, p165-
1801981.
Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were ex-
posed to phenanthrene adsorbed to <125 microme-
ters coal particles in a 14-day flow-through exposure to
determine changes in histology and bioaccumulation.
Based on light microscopic examination, coal particu-
lates caused no obvious damage to external surfaces
such as gills or skin and participates were not ob-
served to have accumulated in internal tissues. How-
ever, coal particles were readily ingested and this was
followed by extensive mucous secretion by the gut
mucosa. In addition, electron micrographs of the gut
showed mucous globules in coal-exposed epithelium
but no erosion of microvilli. Phenanthrene bioaccumu-
lation was compared in fish exposed to dissolved
aqueous phenanthrene and fish exposed to dissolved
aqueous phenanthrene plus coal particulate-bound
phenanthrene. Enhanced phenanthrene uptake was
not measured in coal-exposed fish and bioconcentra-
tion factors were 1,000 - 4,000 during the 14-day expo-
sure period. Elimination of coal from the gut and phen-
anthrene from the tissues was rapid; both were unde-
tectable after a 24-hour depuration period.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, Histology, Coal, Re-
prints, 'Phenanthrene, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Fathead minnows, Pimephales pro-
melas, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-182923 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Water Quality Models In Management Deci-
sion Making. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Thomas 0. Bamwell, Jr., and Peter A. Krenkel. 1982,
15pEPA-600/J-82-168
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v14 p1095-
11071982. Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ.
System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
The use of water quality models in three management
contexts is described: screening, planning, and design.
Screening models are illustrated by describing a meth-
odology applicable to large areas of land and another
applied to a large number of chemicals. The applica-
tion of models in a planning context is illustrated by a
local planning agency's use in developing nonpoint
source control strategies and by the federal govern-
ment's use in assessing potential exposure to a pesti-
cide. Development of design criteria is illustrated by
December 1983 1449
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
summarizing the long history of model use to develop
effluent limits in the Holston River basin (Tennessee).
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water quality
management, 'Holston River Basin, Selection, Plan-
ning, Design criteria, Chemical compounds, Pesti-
cides, Decision making, Tennessee, Reprints, Non-
point sources, Eutrophication.
PB83-182931 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Automated Spectrum Matching for
Survey Identification of Wastewater Components
by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Shackelford, D. M. Cline, L Faas, and G. Kurth.
25 Jun 82, 15p EPA-600/J-82-130
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta 146, p15-27 1983. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp.,
Falls Church, VA.
An automated system for extracting spectra and
matching them against a library of reference spectra
was assembled and tested on 2000 g.c.-m.s. data files
over a period of 2.5 years. The files were for actual
field samples and were surveyed for all compounds
rather than for a target list. No prior assumptions about
sample content could be made. The reliability of spec-
trum matching is shown to be enhanced from the use
of retention data accumulated in an historical library.
An overall reliability of 71% is shown for matched
spectra in field samples as demonstrated by re-proc-
essing of sample extracts.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Chemical analysis. Sur-
veys, Water pollution, Gas chromatograpny, Mass
spectroscopy. Reprints, 'Water pollution detection.
PM3-1B2M8 PC A02/MF A01
Robert 5. Ken Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK
Qroundwater Contamination by Trace Level Or-
i from a RapM Infiltration SHe. Journal article.
ganic* I
RiceUnt
tea Univ., Houston, TX
Mason B. Tomson, Joe Dauchy, Steve Hutchins, Carol
Curran, and C. J. CooK. Mar 81,10p EPA-600/J-«1-
616
Grant EPA-R-S06931
Pub. in Water Research, v15p1109-1116 1981.
The trace organic removal efficiency for a rapid infiltra-
tion system is described. A broad spectrum monitoring
of trace organtcs in the secondary sewage effluent ap-
plied to a rapid infiltration site is compared to a similar
broad spectrum analysis of the groundwater beneath
the site. Overall removal efficiency was about 92%. A
chemical class breakdown of the organtcs yields re-
moval efficiencies from 70 to 100%. The effects of
groundwater dampening on concentration fluctuations
was also treated over a 5-day period, showing very
UttJe difference over this time period.
Keywords: 'Ground water recharge, 'Sewage dispos-
al. Fluid infiltration, Organic compounds. Removal. Ef-
ficiency. ConoentratKXi(ComposrtJon), Variations,
Moisture, Ground water. Adsorption, Volatilizing, Bto-
detenoration, Reprints, 'Land application, Dampening.
PB83-182956 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.. Gulf Breeze. FL.
Effects of Drttttng Mud on the Reef-Bidding Coral
•Montaatrea annutaris'. Journal article.
Nova Univ Oceanographic Center, Dania, FL
R. E Dodge. 16 Aug 82, 8p EPA-600/J-82-290
GrantEPA-R-807314
Pub. in Marine Biology 71, p141-147 1982.
The skeletal extension and corallite shape of indhrid-
uats of the Caribbean arvd Atlantic reef-building coral
Montastrea annulans (Ellis and Solander) were meas-
ured after more than six week's continuous flow-
through exposure ir laboratory aquaria to treatments
of 0. 1, 10 and 100-ppm (microliters/liter) drilling mud.
Linear increase of the skeleton (extension rate) and
fossa length were significantly depressed in the 100-
ppm treatment Chronic exposure to 100-ppm drWing
mud impairs coral skeletal growth rate and posstoly
interferes with sediment rejection capability by lower-
ing catcal relief.
Keywords: 'Coral, -Reefs, 'Water pollution, *Dr8fing
fluids Growth, Muscutosketeta! system, Offshore drill-
ing, ph. Chromium, Exposure, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic
Ocean, Rejection, Sediment, Reprints, 'Montastrea
annularis, Aquaria.
PB83-182964 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Hydrocyanic Add and Free Cya-
nide hi Aqueous Solution. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Steven J. Broderius. 14 Apr 81, 8p EPA-600/J-81-613
Pub. in Analytical Cehmistry, v53 n9 p1472-1477 Aug
81,
Microgram-per-liter concentrations of HCN in aqueous
solutions were determined directly by two methods:
bubbling compressed air through a solution to displace
a small quantity of HCN, which was collected in a glass
bead concentration column, or allowing some HCN to
diffuse from an enclosed solution into dilute NaOH in a
dish suspended above the solution. The separated
and concentrated cyanide was determined colorimetri-
cally. These procedures for determining HCN in vari-
ous waters and wastewaters were accurate, precise,
and not susceptible to common interfering sub-
stances.
Keywords: 'Hydrocyanic acid, 'Cyanides, 'Chemical
analysis, Solutions, Concentration(Composition), Ions,
Water analysis, Water pollution, Cokximetric analysis,
Reprints, water pollution detection.
PB83-182972 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Quantitative A»tMim»nt of the AdsorptJve Be-
havior of Viruses to Sou*. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Charles P. Gerba. Sagar M. Goyal, Irina Cech, and
Gregory F. Boodan. 1 May 81. 7p EPA-600/J-81-617
Grant EPA-R-&5292
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, V15
n8 p940-944 Aug 81. Prepared in cooperation with
Baylor Coll. of Medicine. Houston, TX, and Texas
Urw., Houston. School of Public Health.
To evaluate the potential for groundwater contamina-
tion by viruses, it is essential to understand the proc-
esses cdhtrolfing virus adsorption to soil. Recent labo-
ratory studies have indicated that the degree of viral
adsorption is highly type and strain dependent The
purpose of this study was to statistically re-examine
earlier data by grouping studied variables into a
number of broad categories.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Soils, 'Adsorption, Ground
water, Quantitative analysis, Water pollution, Coli-
phages, Enteroviruses, PoHoviruses, Reprints.
PB83-182960 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Mineral Fiber Concentrations hi
Fish Tissues. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Allan R. Batterman, and PNfip M. Cook. 24 Apr 81,10p
EPA-600/J-81-614
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v38 p952-959 1981. Summary in English and
French.
Submicroscopic inorganic particle concentrations in
tissue have not been quantitatively determined in the
past because of a lack of sample preparation tech-
niques capable of achieving the sensitivity required.
The determination of whether mineral fibres in water
are accumulated in aquatic organisms requires trans-
mission electron microscope examination of bulk
tissue residues rather than thin sections. The sample
preparation method used for this investigation involved
removal of water and organic matter by freeze-drying
and low temperature ashmg. Lake trout with a lifetime
exposure to Lake Superior water containing amphfcole
fibers contained similar ampNbote fibers particularly in
the kidney and with low concentrations in muscle
tissue. Lake trout from two locations with widely differ-
ent water fiber concentrations had corresponding dif-
ferences in tissue fiber concentrations. Analyse of
other fish raised under laboratory condHtons suggests
that ingestion is the primary route for fiber accumula-
tion.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Mineral fibers, 'Amphtootes,
Electron microscopy, Residues,
Oxx»ntratX)0(Composrtion), Reprints, Lake trout,
Btoaccumulation, •Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-182998 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of External Radio Transmitters on Fish.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Marvin Jon Ross, and J. Howard McCormick. 6 Nov
80, 8pEPA-600/J-81-615
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v43 n2 p67-72 1981.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Dept of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and largemouth bass
(Micropterus salmoides) were studied to determine the
effects of externally attached radio transmitter tags.
Perch that had been tagged with dummy radio tags
were more susceptible to predation and more sensitive
to environmental stress than were controls. Feeding
and respiration rates were similar among dummy
tagged and control groups of perch over a 6-week
period. The feeding rate of dummy tagged largemouth
bass was lower than that of untagged fish over a 3.5-
week period. On the basis of these studies, we con-
clude that weights of external transmitters in water
should be less than 1.5% of the fish weight. Design
considerations should include streamlining compo-
nents and an anterior attachment wire at the extreme
leading edge of an external transmitter to prevent en-
tanglement of the tag in surrounding vegetation.
Keywords: 'Biotelemetry, 'Fishes, 'Radio transmit-
ters, Reprints, Yellow perch, Perca flavescens, Large-
mouth bass, Mtcropterus salmoides.
PM3-1S3004 PC A02/MF A01
Modification of Pollutant Hydrolysis Kinetics In
the Pretence of Humte Substances. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Edward M. Perdue, and N. Lee Wolfe. 10 Aug 82, 8p
EPA-600/J-82-161
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v16
n12pS47-8521982.
Effects of humic substances on the kinetics of hydroly-
sis of the 1-octyl ester of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic
acid (2,4-DOE) were investigated.
Keywords: 'Humus, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Hydrolysis,
Reprints, 'Acetic acid/(dichlorophenoxy)-(ocfyl-ester).
PB83-183020 PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Optimization of Wastes Treatment with Reference
to Btogas and Protein Recovery. Final rept.,
Instytut Ksztattowania Srodowiska, Wroclaw (Poland).
Jan A. Oteszkiewicz, and Szymon Koziarski. Mar 83,
249p EPA-600/2-83-023
Contract EPA-JB-5-534-7
Detailed technological and economic evaluation of the
presently used treatment processes for the dilute
wastewaters from hog farms, with capacity exceeding
10 thousand heads, is presented. The research part of
the project was aimed at optimization of the unit proc-
ess and whole treatment trains selection, rather than
unit process operational parameters. Trie economic
analysis has proved that the application of these new
treatment trains can make industrial scale farming
more profitable with the increase of the size of the
farm, the technology proposed in the project will show
increase of the economic efficiency, when compared
to conventional systems, with the increase of power
costs, due to btogas recovery and incorporation of
sludge treatment subsystem in the overall treatment-
recovery train. Although the report is confined to swine
wastes, the results are applicable to other concentrat-
ed effluents from agricultural industry.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Protein, 'Swine, Bio-
mass. Economic analysis, Anaerobic processes, Agri-
cultural wastes, Sludge treatment, Performance eval-
uation, 'Biogas, 'Manure.
PB83-183160
Environmental In
PC A06/MF A01
1 Statement Twin Oak Steam
Electric Station, Robertson County, Texas. Final
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Mar 83,101 p EPA-906/9-83-004
EPA is proposing issuance of a NPDES permit to
TUGCO for discharge of cooling water from two 750
1450 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mw power generating units into Duck Creek, a tributary
of the Navasota River. Approximately 3400 acres will
be utilized for the power plant site, including 2330
acres for a cooling reservoir constructed on Duck
Creek. Make-up water to fill or supplement the reser-
voir will be pumped via a 12-mile pipeline from Lake
Limestone. Wastes such as bottom ash, fly ash, and
other solids will be disposed in on-site landfills. Elec-
tricity will be conveyed from the power plant by a trans-
mission system containing 3089 acres of right-of-way.
Lignite to fuel the plant will be transported 8 miles by
trains from the 3 deposits totaling approximately
33,000 acres. The power plant will require 280 million
tons of lignite during the 35-year life of the project.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Electric power plants, Cooling water. Water pollution,
Thermal pollution, Solid waste disposal. Earth fills, In-
dustrial wastes, Revisions, 'Twin Oak Steam Electric
Station, Robertson CountyfTexas).
PB83-183186 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Full-Scale Study of Sequencing Batch Reactors.
Final rept. Apr 79-Dec 81,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Robert L. Irvine, and Lloyd H. Ketchum, Jr. Mar 83, 84p
EPA-600/2-83-020
Grant EPA-R-806598
A conventional activated sludge system owned and
operated by the Town of Culver, Indiana was convert-
ed to a two-tank Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
treatment plant. As a result of the demonstration
study, the SBR was shown to be a viable alternative to
conventional continuous flow activated sludge treat-
ment of domestic waslewaters for BODS and SS re-
moval, nitrification, denitrification and chemical pre-
cipitation of phosphorus.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment Nutrients, Substitutes,
Comparison, Phosphorus, Nitrogen. Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, 'Batch Reactors.
PB83-183194 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Influence of Coal Composition on the Fate of
Volatile and Char Nitrogen during Combustion,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., trvine, CA.
S. L. Chen, M. P. Heap, D. W. Pershing, and G. B.
Martin. 1982,36p EPA-600/D-83-032
Contract EPA-68-02-3658
Paper presented at the International Symposium on
Combustion (19th), Haifa, Israel, August 1982.
The paper gives results of burning 50 coals from North
America, Europe, Asia, South Africa, and Australia in a
21 kWt refactory-lined tunnel furnace to determine the
influence of coal properties on the fate of volatile and
char nitrogen. Excess-air fuel NO emissions (deter-
mined by combustion in Ar/O2/CO2) ranged from 415
to 1380 ppm with a premixed burner. These results
correlated with total fuel nitrogen, inert pyrolysis HCN
yield, and non-volatile nitrogen content, rather than
with the geographic origin of the coal. Minimum staged
NO emissions (at optimum first stage stoichiometry)
ranged from 140 to 380 ppm. Detailed in-flame meas-
urements indicated that, as first stage stoichiometry
(air/fuel) was reduced, first stage NO formation de-
creased, but was ultimately offset by increases in oxi-
dizable gaseous nitrogen species and solid phase ni-
trogen retention. TFN (NH3 + NO + HCN) generally
increased with increasing fuel nitrogen, and the spe-
cies distribution depended on coal rank. In general,
HCN was greater than NH3 with bituminous coals, but
less than NH3 with subbituminous and lignite coals.
Second stage TFN conversion to exhaust NO de-
creased as the TFN distribution was shifted in favor of
HCN and NH3. Char nitrogen conversion was general-
ly low (less than 20%).
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Chemical analysis, 'Ranking, 'Ni-
trogen oxide(NO), Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Air pollution, Laboratory equipment, 'Coal
fired power plants, 'Air pollution detection.
P883-183277 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
Additional Techniques for Estimating MOBILE2
Variables.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Nov 80,57p
Contract EPA-68-03-2888
This report describes techniques that can be used to
estimate three MOBILE2 input variables: speed, aver-
age miles driven per day per vehicle, and air condition-
ing usage as a function of ambient conditions. These
techniques are needed so that users from state and
local agencies can use MOBILE2 to produce mobile
source emission factor estimates appropriate to their
particular area.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Com-
puter programming, Mathematical models, Regula-
tions, State government, Motor vehicles, 'Mobile
source emissions model, 'Air quality, MOBILE2 pro-
gramming languages, Emission factors, Light duty ve-
hicles, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB83-183376 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
MOBILE2 Sensitivity Analysis.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Mar 81,293p
Contract EPA-68-03-2888
The purpose of this report is to examine the sensitivity
of MOBILE2 to changes in some of the key input varia-
bles for low-altitude, non-California vehicle types. The
principal product of this sensitivity analysis is a series
of graphs and tables displaying the sensitivity of
MOBILE2 emission predictions to various input varia-
bles (such as speed and temperature).
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Mathe-
matical models, Motor vehicles, Tables(Data), 'Air
quality, "Mobile source emissions model, Emission
factors.
PB83-183566 Not available NTIS
Evaluation of a Dissolved Oxygen Field Test Pro-
tocol. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
Qershon Kulin, and Walter Schuk. Feb 83,9p
Sponsored in part by Municipal Environmental Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
55, n2p178-186 Feb 83.
A test protocol which was developed for on-line dis-
solved oxygen meters was evaluated in a 60-day field
test conducted in an activated sludge aeration basin
with thirteen meters from seven cooperating manufac-
turers. The paper discusses the important features of
the test protocol and describes the procedures and re-
sults of the field test. These results provide information
on methods for testing, calibrating and performance
monitoring, information useful for developing specifi-
cations, and information on routine maintenance for
on-line dissolved oxygen meters in a specific plant en-
vironment.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Dissolved gases, 'Oxygen,
•Activated sludge process. Field tests, Sewage treat-
ment, Maintenance, Performance evaluation, Reprints.
PB83-184010 PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Development of a Working Set of Waste Package
Performance Criteria for Deepsea Disposal of
Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Final rept.,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
P. Columbo, M. Fuhrmann, R. M. Neilson, Jr., and V. L.
Sailor. Nov 82,65p BNL-51525, EPA-520/1-82-007
The United States ocean dumping regulations devel-
oped pursuant to PL92-532, the Marine Protection, Re-
search, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended,
provide for a general policy of isolation and contain-
ment of low-level radioactive waste after disposal into
the ocean. In order to determine whether any particu-
lar waste packaging system is adequate to meet this
general requirement, rt is necessary to establish a set
of performance criteria against which to evaluate a
particular packaging system. These performance crite-
ria must present requirements for the behavior of the
waste in combination with its immobilization agent and
outer container in a deepsea environment. This report
presents a working set of waste package performance
criteria, and includes a glossary of terms, characteris-
tics of low-level radioactive waste, radioisotopes of im-
portance in low-level radioactive waste, and a summa-
ry of domestic and international regulations which con-
trol the ocean disposal of these wastes.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Requirements, Packaging,
Criteria, Performance standards, Containers, Radioac-
tive isotopes, 'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Marine
disposal, 'Low-level radioactive wastes, Public Law
92-532, Environment protection, Pollution laws, Radi-
ation protection laws.
PB83-186536 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feasibility Study CDHS (Comprehensive Data
Handling System) Two-Year Program Plan. Final
rept.
Systems Research and Development Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
May 78,27p EPA-450/3-78-022
Contract EPA-68-02-1386
This report analyzes the effectiveness of the total
Comprehensive Data Handling System (CDHS) in
achieving its stated goal of aiding the states in report-
ing their collected air quality and emissions data. This
study was accomplished by analysis of the functional
usage of CDHS by the state and regional office users,
interviewing the management of CDHS, and by inter-
viewing the state and regional office users.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution, Re-
porting, Data processing systems, Computer software.
PB83-186551 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Summary of Emergency Troubleshooting Assist-
ance,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Operations Analysis Div.
Larry R. McMaster. May 78,40p EPA-450/3-78-020
Contract EPA-68-02-1386
When dealing with atmospheric pollution, it is neces-
sary to amass, catalog, sort, evaluate, and perform cal-
culations upon large volumes of data. To assist state
and local air pollution control agencies dealing with
these large volumes of data, EPA has developed and
distributed the Comprehensive Data Handling System
(CDHS). EPA also maintains and supports the CDHS
subsystems including troubleshooting of any computer
program problems. This report is a compilation of
those troubleshooting activities under this contract.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Information systems, 'Data
processing systems.
PB83-187443 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Organic Compounds in Surface Sediments and
Oyster Tissues from the Chesapeake Bay,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R H Bieri P. DeFur, R. J. Huggett, W. Maclntyre, and
P Shou. Apr 83,187p EPA-600/3-83-018A
GrantEPA-R-806012
See also PB83-187450. Prepared in cooperation with
College of William and Mary, Wilfiamsburg, VA.
The objectives of this study were to determine the
identity and quantity of toxic organic compounds within
the Chesapeake Bay, to delineate their spatial and
temporal distribution and to point out existing problem
areas.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Sediments,
'Chesapeake bay, 'Tissues(Biology), 'Chemical anal-
ysis, Oysters, Water pollution, Spatial distribution,
Temporal environments, Sampling, Sites, 'Water pol-
lution detection, 'Water pollution sampling, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB83-187450 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
December 1983 1451
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Organic Compounds In Surface Sediments and
Oyttar Tissues from the Chesapeake Bay. Appen-
Virgrnia Inst of Marine Science, Gloucester Point
R. H. Bieri. P. DeFur, R. J. Huggett, W. Maclntyre, and
P. Shou. Apr 83, 285p EPA-600/3-83-018B
GrantEPA-R-806012
See also PB83-187443. Prepared in cooperation with
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.
Detailed in the first part of this report is a development
and discussion of the methodology used to extract and
analyze sediment and oyster tissue samples from
Chesapeake Bay for organic compounds. Trie method
includes extraction, fractkxiation, and subsequent
analysis using glass capillary gas chromotography and
glass capillary gas chromotography - mass spectrome-
try. An extensive list of the mass spectral data and re-
lated information is contained in the appendices. The
complete bank of processed data is also available on
computer tapes at the Virginia Institute of Marine Sci-
ence and at the Environmental Protection Agency's
Chesapeake Bay Program. Analyses clearly show that
unsubstituted potynuciear aromatic hydrocarbons are
the most prominent toxic pollutants in the Bay. The ap-
plication of two different search routines, one concen-
trating on compounds at levels greater than 50 ppo
and the other on temporal changes, allows a quick de-
termination of where problem areas may exist and
where additional investigation may be indicated.
Keywords: •Organic compounds, 'Sediments,
•Tissues(Biok>gy), 'Chesapeake bay, 'Chemical anal-
ysis. Extraction, Gas chromatograpny, Mass spectros-
copy. Water pollution, Aromatic potycydic hydrocar-
bons, Osttlabon. 'Water pollution detection. Toxic
substances.
PBS3-187468 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Guide for the Automated Inhatatton Expo-
sure Methodology (IEM). RepL for 1 Jan-31 Dec 82,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
F. R. O'Donnetl. P. M. Mason, J. E. Pierce. G. A.
Hotton. and E. Dixon. Apr 83,115p EPA-600/2-83-029
Contract W-74O5-eng-26
The Inhalation Exposure MethodotogyOEM) is a
system of computer programs that estimates atmos-
pheric transport of and population exposure to air-
borne pollutants. This paper discusses the capabilities
of IEM and gives detailed instructions for executing the
automated, interactive version of IEM that is installed
on the IBM system at the National Computer Center,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. This version
uses eight execute (EXEC) programs to assist the user
in preparing needed input data fites, to direct the flow
of input and output data, and to submit the computer
programs for execution. Wind speed and direction data
contained in Stability Array (STAR) meteorological
data files are accessed, prepared, and input to the In-
dustrial Source Complex. Long Term (ISCLT) Disper-
sion Model. This model is then employed to calculate
annual-average ground-level air concentrations of pol-
lutants at specified points. These concentrations and
site-specific population data are combined by the Con-
centration-Exposure Program (CONEX) to provide es-
timatas of population exposures to pollutants. All steps
required to execute the interactive version of IEM are
explained and demonstrated with the aid of a sample
problem.
Keywords. 'Air pollution, 'Transport properties,
•Public health. Computer programs. Exposure,
Oxx»rrtration(Cornpositxxi). Sites. Mathematical
models, 'Inhalation exposure methodology, 'User
manuate6 tended to produce oxy-
genated products (epoxides, phenols, quinones, etc.),
1452 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and reactions at pH <6 tended to produce both oxy-
genated (quinones) and chlorinated products.
Keywords: *Chlorination, 'Water pollution, Gas chro-
matography. Mass spectroscopy. Water treatment,
Reprints, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons.
PB83-187872 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxicology of Organic Drinking Water Contami-
nants: Trichloromethane, Bromodichloromethane,
Oibromochloromethane and Tribromomethane.
Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond.
Albert E. Munson, Larry E. Sain, Virginia M. Sanders,
Bemadine M. Kauffmann, and Kimber L White. 1982,
12pEPA-600/J-81-369
Grant EPA-R-804701
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p117-
1261982.
This study evaluated the subchronic toxicity of select-
ed halomethanes which are drinking water contami-
nants. The compounds studied were trichloromethane,
bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and
tribromomethane. Subchronic 14-day gavage studies
were performed with the use of doses encompassing
one-tenth the LD50 for the compounds. A 90-day
gavage study of one of the compounds, trichlorometh-
ane, was also done. Parameters observed included
body and organ weights, histopathology, hematology,
clinical chemistries, and hepatic microsomal enzyme
activities.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Potable water, •Halometh-
anes, Bioassay, Contaminants, Reprints, 'Drinking
water, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-187880 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Toxicity of Trihalom«than« Contami-
nant* of Drinking Water in Mice. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
Robert L Balster, and Joseph F. Borzelleca. 1982,12p
EPA-600/J-81-370
Grant EPA-R-804701
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p127-
1361982.
The behavioral toxicity of trichloromethane (TCM),
cHchkxobromomethane (DCBM), dibromochlorometh-
ane (DBCM) and tribromonethane (TBM) was evaluat-
ed following oral administration in mice. A variety of
dosage regimens and behavioral measures were used.
Studies included acute dose effect, 14- and 90-day
treatments at 300 and 3000 times the estimated aver-
age human daily intake of contaminated drinking
water, 30 days of 100 mg/kg/day, and 60 days of 100
and 400 mg/kg/day. In addition, TCM was tested for
the production of taste aversions with 10-day adminis-
tration and for behavioral teratology in offspring follow-
ing extensive perinatal exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Trihalomethane, 'Potable
water, Bioassay, Dosage, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, 'Drinking water, "Water pollution
9ffects( Animals).
PB83-187898 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Organic N-Chioramines: Chemistry and Toxicol-
ogy. Journal article,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA.
Frank E. Scully, Jr., and Maxwell A. Bempong. 1982,
8pEPA-600/J-81-372
Grant EPA-R-807254
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 n111-
1161982.
The stability of aqueous solutions of organic N-chkxa-
mines, suspected of contaminating chlorinated water,
has been studied. Two factors influence the decompo-
sition of solutions of N-chkxopiperidine and N-chkxo-
diethylamine: a spontaneous decomposition and pho-
todecompositwn. Since solutions of these compounds
are relatively long-lived, a need for an analytical
method for their identification is discussed. A new
method is described which involves reaction of organic
N-chloramines with arenesulfinic acid salts. The
method gives high yields of stable arenesulfonamides.
Several lexicological studies of N-chloropiperidine are
described.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Toxicology, 'Nitrogen
organic compounds, Chemistry, Decomposition, Re-
prints, 'Chloramines.
PB83-187906 PC A02/MF A01
Waterbome Outbreak Control: Which Disinfect-
ant. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Elmer W. Akin, John C. Hoff, and Edwin C. Lippy. 1982,
8pEPA-600/J-81-359
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 n7-12
1982.
This finding indicates that waterborne microbial patho-
gens remain as a potential health threat and under-
scores the importance of disinfection. From the outset,
chlorination has been the drinking water disinfectant of
choice in the country. Numerous studies have demon-
strated its ability to inactivate bacterial, viral, and pro-
tozoal pathogens when applied under proper condi-
tions. However, the finding that chlorinated organics
that are potentially carcinogenic are formed has
prompted an evaluation of alternative disinfectants.
The viable at alternatives to chlorine currently under
consideration for widespread use are ozone, chlorine
dioxide, and chloramines.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, Public health, Water quality,
Reprints, 'Water pollution control, Pathogens.
PB83-187914 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Transplacental Exposure to Chlorinat-
ed Phenols. Journal article,
Idaho Univ., Moscow.
Jerry H. Exon, and Loren D. Koller. 1982,6p EPA-600/
J-81-373
Grant EPA-R-807267
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p137-
1401982.
Female rats were exposed to 0,5,50 or 500 ppm of 2-
Chlorophenol (2CP) or pentachlorophenol (PCP). The
study was designed to produce progeny which were
exposed to the chlorophenolic compounds both pre-
natally and postnatally. Percent conception, litter size,
birth weight and number of stillbirths was determined
at parturition. Hematologic parameters and body
weights of the progeny were recorded at weaning age
(3 weeks). Effects on reproduction were observed in
both the 2-CP and PCP-exposed groups, as indicated
by decreased litter sizes arid increased number of still-
bom. The data indicate that these chlorinated phenolic
compounds may be feto- or embryotoxic at high doses.
Effects on hematologic parameters were not ob-
served. Further study involving transplacental and
chronic exposures to these chlorophenolic com-
pounds appears warranted.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Placenta, Rats, Exposure,
Pregnancy, Bioassay, Reproduction(Biology), Re-
prints, 'Chlorophenols, 'Pentachlorophenol.
PB83-187922 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Dose-Response Study of Chloroform Carclnc-
genesis in the Mouse and Rat Status Report.
Journal article,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Theodore A. Jorgenson, Carol J. Rushbrook, and
David C. L. Jones. 1982.11p EPA-600/J-81-374
Contract EPA-68-03-2616
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p141-
1491982.
Chloroform is being administered to male Osbome-
Mendel rats and to female B6C3FI mice at concentra-
tions of 0 (negative control), 200, 400, 900 or 1800
ppm in the drinking water. Matched control groups of
both species receive a volume of water identical to
that consumed by the corresponding 1800ppm
groups. At this writing, the animals have completed 23
months on test
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Toxicology, Rats, Mice,
Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Responses, Reprints,
'Carcinogenesis.
PB83-187930 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Assessment of Maternal Toxicity, Embryotoxlclty
and Teratogenlc Potential of Sodium Chlorite in
Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Coll. of Medicine.
Daniel Couri, Carl H. Miller, Jr., Richard J. Bull, John M.
Delphia, and Elsayed M. Ammar. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-
81-363
Grant EPA-R-805643
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p25-
291982.
Groups of up to 13 pregnant rats were individually
caged. Body weight, food and water consumption were
recorded at days 1,8, 15 and 22 of gestation and the
dams were treated on days 8-15 with sodium chlorite,
0.1%, 0.5% or 2% in drinking water or by injection of
10, 20, or 50 mg/kg IP or by gavaging with 200 mg/kg.
To prevent ingestion of stillborn pups some dams were
sacrificed at day 22. Other dams were allowed to deliv-
er at term. Fetuses were weighed, measured and ex-
amined for soft tissue and skeletal malformations.
Sodium chlorite, 20 or 50 mg/kg daily IP or gavaging
with 200 mg/kg, caused vaginal and urethral bleeding.
Doses of 10, 20 or 50 and 100% mortality of dams, re-
spectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sodium chlorite, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Teratogenesis, 'Embryotox-
icity.
PB83-187948 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects Among Newborns after Prenatal
Exposure to CIO2-Dlslnfected Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
Robert W. Tuthill, Ruth Ann Giusti, Gary S. Moore, and
Edward J. Calabrese. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-81-366
Grant EPA-R-806139
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p39-
451982.
Because chlorination of potable surface waters may
be associated with increased risk of carcinogenicity,
substitute methods for the routine disinfection of public
water supplies are being explored. As part of this
search, it is especially important that the potential
health effects of each alternative method should be
considered. Chemical treatment of drinking water by
chlorine dioxide (CIO2) is a likely alternative mode of
disinfection. Two common by-products of the CIO2
disinfection of surface water are chlorate and chlorite.
These oxidants may have negative health effects on
certain high risk groups. Newborns, in particular, would
seem to be at increased risk to red cell damage from
oxidant stress.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Disinfectation, 'Chlorine di-
oxide, Infants, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Drinking water.
PB83-188680 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis of Geothermal Wastes for Hazardous
Components. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
E L. Hagmann, D. D. Minicucci, and C. D. Wolbach.
Apr 83,101p* EPA-600/2-83-030
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
Regulations governing the disposal of hazardous
wastes led to an assessment for geothermal solid
wastes for potentially hazardous properties. Samples
were collected from three active geothermal sites in
the western United States: The Geysers, Imperial
Valley, and northwestern Nevada. Approximately 20
samples were analyzed for cprrosivity, EP toxicity, ra-
dioactivity, and bioaccumulation potential. The sam-
ples were further characterized by analysis for cations,
anions, moisture content, priority pollutants, and addi-
tional trace metals in the leachate. In addition, an
aqueous extraction was conducted at ambient pH.
This study characterized samples from a limited geo-
graphical area and results cannot be extrapolated to
other geothermal resource areas (GRA).
December 1983 1453
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Geothermy, 'Reg-
ulations, Assessments, Sampling, Sites, Toxicity,
Leaching, Environmental surveys, Salinity, Ions, Mois-
ture content, Trace elements, Metals, Bkaccumula-
tion.
PB83-188714 PC A03/MF A01
TTI (Texa* Transportation Institute) Track/Dyna-
mometer Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Martin Reineman, and Glenn Thompson. Jan 83,35p
EPA-AA-SDSB-82-02
Seven passenger cars and one light truck were operat-
ed over the EPA urban and highway driving cycles to
compare fuel economy measurements obtained on a
test track with the fuel economy results obtained on a
chassis dynamometer. The test program was designed
to duplicate, as closely as possible, the track force
loading (as determined by standard EPA road coast-
down procedures) on the dynamometer. Experimental
parameters which were investigated included loading
differences between front- and rear-wheel drive vehi-
cles, volumetric versus carbon balance fuel measure-
ment techniques, coupled versus uncoupled roll dyna-
mometer tests, and curved track versus straight track
coastdowns.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Dyna-
mometers, Performance evaluation, 'Light duty vehi-
cles.
PB83-188722 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Dsslgn Principles for Wetland Treatment Sys-
tem*. Final rept Jul 80-Oct 81,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
David E. Hammer, and Robert H. Kadlec. Apr 83,
257p* EPA-600/2-83-026
Grant EPA-R-807541
Published data pertaining to the treatment of
wastewater by 26 wetlands have been assembled and
analyzed to identify general principles for successful
design of wetland facilities. Source of operating data
nave been tabulated. Performance is correlated with
overall system features but cannot be predicted on the
current basis. A simplified compartment model is pre-
sented. The selection of natural sites and the physical
facMties associated with wetland treatment are dis-
cussed. A protocol for site review is presented. Oper-
ational techniques and the use of constructed (artifi-
cial) wetlands are also considered. Wastewater impact
on wetland and the economics of wetland treatment
Keywords: 'Swamps, 'Waste water, 'Sewage treat-
ment. Mathematical models. Marshes, Design, Per-
formance evaluation. Environmental impacts. Irriga-
tion, Aquaculture, Economic impact, Vegetation, Rain-
fall, 'Wetlands. Hydroponics.
PBS3-1887S5 PC A06/MF A01
CorvaKs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Agriculture on Stream Fauna In Central
Indtana. Final rapt,
DePauw Univ., Greencastte, IN. Dept of Zoology.
James R. Gammon, Michael D. Johnson, Charles E.
Mays, David A. Scniappa, and William LFtsher.Apf
83,101 p EPA-600/3-83-020
Grant EPA-R-806184
From 1978 through 1980 the bentNc macroinverte-
brate and fish communities of three steam systems in
Central Indtana were examined. The objective of this
study was to describe the organization of these com-
munities in relation to different land use. The influence
of agriculture on the 14 stream segments ranged from
vituaBy none to intense, and included some drainage
fromanirnal feed tots. The results of the study suggest
the pattern of change caused by the fficreasing devel-
opment of agriculture in small watershed streams, ini-
tially agriculture may lead to an expanded biomass of
fish and rnaoroinvertabrates without causing a large
compositional re-organization. This alteration may
occur with Irate or no change in standing crop biomass.
At this stage the density of non-cwonomid insect
larvae becomes reduced The near-stream riparian
part of the watershed is vital to the maintenance of
healthy aquatic communities, acting as a buffer be-
tween plowed fields and farm animals and the aquatic
system.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Agriculture, 'Animal ecology,
'Invertebrates, 'Stream pollution, Biomass, Insects,
Alteration, Abundance, Distribution(Property), Fishes,
Stresses, Watersheds, Indiana, 'Foreign technology,
'Feedlot wastes, Standing crop.
PB83-188888 PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Host Defense Responses to Inhalation
of Sulfuric Add and Ozone. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Elaine C. Grose, Judy H. Richards, Joseph W. Illing,
Frederick J. Miller, and David W. Davies. 1962,14p
EPA-600/J-82-009
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v10p351-3621982.
The effects of simultaneous exposure to ozone (O3)
and sulfuric acid H2SO, 0.23 m volume median diame-
ter (VMD) and a single exposure to ultrafine H2SO4
under various conditions were studied using the infec-
tivity mortality and the ciliary beating frequency model
systems.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Re-
sponses, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PBB3-188896 PC A02/MF A01
Protein Accumulation In Lung Lavage Fluid fol-
lowing Ozone Exposure. Journal article,
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ping C. Hu, Frederick J. Miller, Mary J. Daniels, Gary E.
Hatch, and Judith A. Graham. 29 Jul 81,14p EPA-600/
J-82-004
Pub. in Environmental Research 29, p377-388 1982.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Accumulation of protein in lung lavage fluid was used
as an indicator of pulmonary damage following expo-
sure of guinea pigs to 03. Exposure of animals to 510,
1000 or 1960 mcrograms/cu. m. (O.26, 0.51 or 1.0
ppm) of O3 for 72 hours resulted in significantly elevat-
ed levels of lavage fluid protein when compared to that
of air controls.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Protein, Lungs, Res-
piratory system, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-188904 PC A02/MF A01
Tumortgenests by a FerroactJnollte Mineral. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
David L Coffin, Lalita D. Palekar, and Philip M. Cook. 2
Mar 82,9p EPA-600/ J-82-023
Pub. in Toxicology Letter, v13 p143-150 1982. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park. NC.
In lifetime exposure of male Fischer-344 rats to fer-
roactinolite fibers and to UICC amosrte asbestos fibers
by means of intratracheal and intrapteural treatments,
oncogenesis was greater in the lung for the ferroactin-
olite and in the pleura for the amosrte. The lack of cor-
relation between the effects of the two methods of ex-
posure suggests that in this instance, intrapteural in-
oculation was not a good predictor of pulmonary re-
sponse on the basis of mass dose.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Neoplasms, Fibers, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Ferroactinolite, Oncogene-
sis, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-188912 PC A02/MF A01
Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Effects of a Rec-
tangular-Shaped Building on Dispersion of Ef-
ftuents from Short Adjacent Stacks. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Alan H. Huber, and William H. Snyder. 25 Mar 82,14p
EPA-600/J-82-040
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n12 p2837-
28481982.
In a wind tunnel study, the influence of the highly turbu-
lent region found in the lee of a model building upon
plumes emitted from short stacks was examined
through smoke visualization and tracer gas concentra-
tion mappings. A simple mathematical model was de-
veloped that provided good estimates of concentra-
tions in the building wake.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Tur-
bulence, Buildings, Wakes,
Concentration(Composition), Smoke Visibility, Wind
tunnels, Test chambers, Mathematical models, Re-
prints, Tracer techniques.
PB83-188920 PC A02/MF A01
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Wake
of a Block-Shaped Vehicle In a Shear-Free Bound-
ary Flow. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Eskridge, and Roger S. Thompson. 15 Mar
82,18pEPA-600/J-82-109
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n12 p2821-
28361982.
The wake of a moving vehicle was simulated using a
specially-constructed wind tunnel with a moving floor.
A 'block-shaped' model vehicle was fixed in position
over the test-section floor while the floor moved at the
freestream air speed to produce a uniform, shear-free,
approach flow. This simulates an automobile traveling
along a straight highway under calm atmospheric con-
ditions. Two new theories for the velocity deficit are
compared to the theory of Eskridge and Hunt (1979). A
theory which considered a height-dependent eddy vis-
cosity was found to fit the data best. Length and veloci-
ty scales were found for the longitudinal variation of
the turbulent kinetic energy. The lateral variation is de-
scribed by a two-dimensional numerical fit of the
crosswind variation of the data.
Keywords: 'Wakes, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Motor vehicles, Dispersions, Wind tunnels, Test
chambers, Atmospheric boundary layers. Highways,
Profiles, Reprints, Numerical solution.
PB83-188938 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Shielded-Needte Technique for Surgically Implant-
Ing Radio-Frequency Transmitters In Fish. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Dulutfi, MM.
Marvin Jon Ross, and Charles F. Kleiner. 1982,4p
EPA-600/J-82-293
Grant DE-AC02-76EV01332
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v11 n1 D41-43 1982.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. DepL of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Protruding whip antenna radio transmitters were im-
planted in fish with abdominal pelvic fins. This surgical
technique enables the transmitter to be positioned
anywhere in the peritoneal cavity without piercing vital
organs through the use of a shielded needle to guide
an antenna along the intestine under the pelvic girdle.
Results of this technique used on several species in-
cluding some with thoractic ventral fins show that fish
lived a minimum of 28 days after implantation, indicat-
ing that major damage to the internal organs had not
occurred. Best results were obtained when fish were
captured, tagged, and returned to open water.
Keywords: 'Radio transmitters, 'Fishes, Biotelemetry,
Surgical implantation, Reprints.
PB83-1S8946 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Fly Ash and Its Constituents on Senso-
ry Irritation In Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gary E. Hatch, Elizabeth Boykin, Frederick J. Miller,
and Judith A. Graham. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-81 -396
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 2, p77-81
1982. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sensory irritation caused by fly ash from oil-fired (OF),
fluidized bed coal (FB) combustion and conventional
coal (CC) combustion power plants, and from Mt St
Helens volcano (VA) was studied in mice. The irritating
sensation due to contact with fly ash or its constituents
was quantrtated by observing a characteristic flexing of
the dorsal musculature of the mouse following intra-
peritoneal injection of the ash suspension. Construc-
1454 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion of dose-effect curves was based on the percent-
age of animals showing a positive response at each
ash concentration.
Keywords: *Fty ash, 'Power plants, "Toxicology, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, *Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Sensory irritation.
PB83-188953 PC A02/MF A01
Failure of Phenobarbital to Induce Rat Hepatic Ml-
crosomal UDP-Glucuronyttransferase toward Phe-
nolphthaleln. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Kirk T. Kitchin. 1 Nov 82,8p EPA-600/J-82-284
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v109 n3 p709-715,15 Dec 82.
Phenobarbital pretreatment was found not to induce
Triton X-100 activated hepatic microsomal neonatal
UDP-glucuronyftransferase activity towards phenol-
phthalein in male, female and pregnant female rats.
Keywords: 'Phenobarbital, Barbiturates, Microsomes,
Rats, Reprints, Glucuronyltransferase, Phenolphthal-
ein.
PB83-188961 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Viruses In Groundwater. Journal article,
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Bruce H. Keswick, and Charles P. Gerba. c1980,10p
EPA-600/J-80-401
Grant EPA-R-806931
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v14
n11p1290-1297 Nov 80.
The microbial contamination of ground water is a seri-
ous problem that can result in large outbreaks of wa-
terbome disease. The purpose of this article is to
review the literature available on viruses in ground
water in order to evaluate the present state-of-knowl-
edge, assess the accuracy of current standards and
monitoring practices, and make recommendations for
further areas of research. Reports on virus isolation
from various ground-water sources are discussed with
an emphasis being placed on land treatment sites.
When effectively operated, land treatment can reduce
viruses to a level that is achieved only with costly ad-
vanced wastewater treatment and disinfection.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Ground water, 'Water pollution,
Standards, Monitoring, Isolation, Waste treatment Re-
prints.
PB83-188979 PC A02/MF A01
Diffusion In the Vicinity of Standard-Design Nucle-
ar Power Plants-l. Wind-Tunnel Evaluation of Dif-
fusive Characteristics of a Simulated Suburban
Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Al W. Payne, William H. Snyder, Francis S. Binkowski,
and James E. Watson, Jr. 18 Feb 82,17p EPA-600/J-
81-415
Pub. in Health Physics, v43 n6 p813-827 Dec 82. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences and En-
gineering.
A large meteorological wind tunnel was used to simu-
late a suburban atmospheric boundary layer. The
model-prototype scale was 1:300 and the roughness
length was approximately 1.0 m full scale. The model
boundary layer simulated lull scale dispersion from
ground-level and elevated release points over sur-
faces of comparable roughness length. This informa-
tion should prove useful in a variety of transport and
diffusion studies over short to moderate downwind dis-
tances. It will be used in Part II as the baseline data set
with which to compare diffusion downwind of standard-
design nuclear power plants.
Keywords: 'Transport properties, 'Air pollution. Wind
tunnel, Nuclear power plants, Test chambers, Diffu-
sion, Plumes, Turbulence, Wind(Meteorology), Radio-
active contaminants, Industrial plants, Combustion
products, Reprints, 'Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB83-188987 PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of the Immune Responsiveness of
Mice Irradiated with Continuous Wave or Pulse-
Modulated 425-MHz Radio Frequency Radiation.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, M. M. Riddle, C. M. Weil, P. L.
Brugnolotti, and J. B. Kinn. 1 Jul 82,6p EPA-600/J-82-
007
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 3, p467-470 1982.
Groups of female BALB/C mice were irradiated with
425-MHz radio frequency (RF) radiation either continu-
ous wave (CW) or pulse modulated (PM, 1-ms pulse
width, 250 pulses/s). Mice were irradiated in a rectan-
gular strip-transmission line at average forward powers
of 78, 17.7, or 5 W for CW and 17.7, 5, or 1.25 W for
PM. The mean specific absorption rate, as measured
using twin-well calorimetry was 7.7 W/kg for a forward
power of 70 W. No differences in the mitogen-stimulat-
ed response of lymphocytes or in the primary antibody
response to sheep erythrocytes or polyvmylpyrroli-
done were observed between irradiated and sham-ir-
radiated mice, nor between mice exposed to either CW
or PM 425-MHz RF radiation.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Radio frequencies,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Immune re-
sponses.
PB83-188995 PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Polybrominated Blphenyls in the
Adipose Tissues of the General Population of the
United States. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert G. Lewis, and G. Wayne Sovocool. 25 Sep 81,
5p EPA-600/J-82-006
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v6 p196-198 Jul/
Aug82.
Hexabromobiphenyl has been identified by gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in pooled
extracts of adipose tissue samples collected from the
general population of the conterminous United States.
Mass spectra derived from tissue extracts subjected to
gel permeation chromatography were compared with
those obtained from an authentic PBB mixture contain-
ing 2,4,5,2,4,5-hexabromobiphenyl as the principal
component. GC retention times and unique character-
istics of the mass spectrum permitted confirmation of
identity of the hexabromo isomer. Levels in one tissue
sample were determined to be in the 1 to 2 ppb range.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Organic bromine compounds,
Reprints, 'Adipose tissues, 'Polybrominated biphen-
yls, 'Hexabromobiphenyl.
PB83-189050 PC A02/MF A01
Chloroform Induction of pmtthine Decarboxylase
Activity in Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Russell E. Savage, Jr., Carol Westrich, Charles Guion,
and Michael A. Pereira. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-81 -375
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p157-
162 1982.
Chloroform is a drinking water contaminant that has
been demonstrated to be carcinogenic to mice and
rats resulting in an increased incidence of liver and
kidney tumors, respectively. The mechanism of chloro-
form carcinogenicrty might be by tumor initiation and/
or promotion. Since induction of omrthine decarboxy-
lase (ODC) activity has been proposed as a molecular
marker for tumor promoters, the authors have investi-
gated the effect of chloroform on ODC activity in rats.
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Toxicology, Carcinogens,
Malignant neoplasms, Reprints, 'Carcinogenesis,
Cancer, 'Omithine decarboxylase.
PB83-189068 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Calculated Contribution of Surface Mlcrolayer
PCB to Contamination of Lake Michigan Lake
Trout Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
J. P. Connolly, and R. V. Thomann. 1982,11 p EPA-
600/J-82-299
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v& n2 p367-375
1982.
The possible significance of PCB concentration in the
surface microlayer of Lake Michigan to contamination
of lake trout was examined using a modification of a
previously developed food chain model. Vertically mi-
grating zooplankton were assumed 19 spend a fraction
of each day exposed to a surface microlayer with dis-
solved and phytoplankton PCB concentrations at
values that resulted in an average exposure concen-
tration 2.1 times greater than subsurface levels. Con-
sidering a worst case scenario, the model indicated
that approximately 12% (3 micrograms/g) of the PCB
concentration in adult lake trout could be contributed
from the microlayer.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Lake Michigan, Re-
prints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-189076 PC A02/MF A01
Reversible and Resistant Components of PCB Ad-
sorption-Desorptlon: Adsorbent Concentration
Effects. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
D. M. Di Toro, L. M. Horzempa, M. M. Casey, and W.
Richardson. 1982,16p EPA-600/J-82-298
Pub. as Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8(2), p336-349
1982.
It is the purpose of this paper to present the analysis of
these experimental data and to relate these findings to
the conventional descriptions of adsorption-desqrption
as applied to the computation of the fate of PCB in nat-
ural water systems.
Keywords: 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Adsorption, *De-
sorption, 'Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sediments, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Chemical reactions. Reprints, 'Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls, 'Partition coefficient, Path of
pollutants, Saginaw Bay, Biphenyl/hexachloro.
PB83-189084 PC A02/MF A01
Morphometric, Biochemical, and Physiological As-
sessment of Pertnatally Induced Renal Dysfunc-
tion. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert J. Kavlock, and Jacqueline Gray. 1983,15p
EPA-600/J-83-006
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
11,p1-131983.
Three chemicals, known either to alter renal develop-
ment when administered during fetal development or
to affect renal function when administered to adult
rats, were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at criti-
cal periods of renal development. Chlorambucil (CHL)
was administered ip on d 11 of gestation at doses of
0 3 and 6 mg/kg; nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitro-
phenyl ether) (NPT) was given po on d 8-16 of gestation
at 0.4.17,12.5, and 25 mg/kg.d and mercuric chloride
(MER) was given sc on postnatal d 1 at 0.14, and 28
micrograms/pup. To assess the effects of these toxi-
cants on the functional development of the kidneys, a
diuresis test with and without antidiuretic hormone was
applied on postnatal d 3 (PD 3); a hydropenia test on
PD 6; and kidney weights, glomerular counts in midhi-
lar cross sections, and the specific activity of renal al-
kaline phosphatase were determined on PD 3 and 6.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Embryos, Reprints, 'Renal dysfunction,
'Chlorambucil, Nitrofen, 'Mercuric chloride.
PB83-189092 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Drinking Water Treatment and Risk of Cancer
Death in Wisconsin. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Marty S Kanarek, and Theresa B. Young. 1982,10p
EPA-611/J-81-377
Contract EPA-C-2769
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p179-
1861982.
A case control study of drinking water treatment prac-
tices and female cancer mortality was conducted in
Wisconsin. Cancer deaths for 1972-1977 from 28 Wis-
consin counties and non-cancer deaths matched to
cancer deaths on age, year of death and county of res-
December 1983 1455
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
idence, were compared for characteristics of drinking
water supplied to their places of residence. Using lo-
gistic regression, estimates of relative risk associated
with chlorinated water were examined allowing for the
influence of indicators of water organics and the po-
tential confounders of occupation, marital status and
urbanicrty.
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Potable water, Wisconsin, Risk,
Females, Chlorination, Malignant neoplasms, Re-
prints, *Cancer, 'Drinking water, *Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-189100 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
EpMemlological Evidence of Carcinogenicity of
Chlorinated Organics In Drinking Water. Journal ar-
ticle,
National Cancer Inst, Bethesda, MD.
Kenneth P. Cantor. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-81-378
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p187-
195 1982.
Concern has recently been voiced over possible
chronic toxicrty associated with chlprination of public
drinking water supplies in the United States. This
paper reviews the available evidence and the studies
underway to further evaluate hypothesized associa-
tions between cancer risk and by products of Chlorina-
tion. Preliminary data from measures of halogenated
volatiles and personal exposure histories from re-
spondents in a large epidemiologic study of bladder
cancer are presented, these data support the use in
epidemiologic studies of categorical measures of ex-
posure and suggest that results from completed case-
control studies, based on death certificates, may have
underestimated the true risk of exposure to chlorina-
tion by-products. The current generation of studies
which use a case-control interview design offer many
advantages over earlier efforts to evaluate this issue.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, Epidemiology, Potable water.
Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Reprints, 'Carcinogene-
sis, 'Drinking water, Cancer, Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-189118 PCA02/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Toxteotogical Effects of Chlorite in the Mouse.
Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst
Gary S. Moore, and Edward J. Calabrese. 1982,10p
EPA-600/J-61-365
Grant EPA-R-805993
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p31-
371982.
When exposed to a maximum level of 100 ppm chlo-
rine dioxide in their drinking water, neither A/J or
C57L/J mice exhibited any hematologic changes.
Chlorite exposure under similar conditions produced
increases for red blood cells in osmotic fragility, mean
corpuscular volume, and giucose-6-phospnate dehy-
drogenase activity for both strains. Chlorite exposure
of pregnant A/J mice resulted in a significant decrease
in the weight of pups at weaning and a lower average
birth to weaning growth rate. Mice exposed to as much
as 100 ppm sodium chlorite (MadO2) in their drinking
water for up to 120 days failed to demonstrate anY his-
topathological changes in kidney structure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chtorites, Laboratory ani-
mals, Mice, Hematoiogy, Body weight Pathology,
Kidney, Reprints.
PB83-1M126 PC A02/MF A01
Diffusion In the Vicinity of Standard-Design Nude-
Mants-ll: Wind-Tunnel Evaluation of
j-Wake Characteristics. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PanXNC.
Al W. Payne, William H. Snyder, Francis S. Binkowski,
and James E Watson, Jr. 1982,18pEPA-600/J-81-
416
Pub. in Hearth Physics, v43 n6 P829-844 Dec 82.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate
radtopoNutant effluents released to the atmosphere
from two standard-design nuclear power plants. The
main objective of the study was to compare the disper-
sion in the wakes of the plants with that in a simulated
atmospheric boundary layer. Dispersion functions are
determined that describe the spread of the effluent
plume in the wake of each plant These dispersion
functions are described by power laws. They are deter-
mined for three incident wind angles and the number
of stacks associated with each plant Lateral plume
spread was directly related to the silhouette area of the
plants. A graphical technique is presented relating the
lateral dispersion to the associated silhouette area of
the building or building complex.
Keywords: 'Nuclear power plants, Radioactive con-
taminants, Simulation, Flow visualization, Wakes,
Buildings, Reprints, 'Radioactive effluents, Atmos-
pheric dispersion, Atmospheric boundary layer, Light
water reactors.
PB83-189134 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Case-Control Cancer Mortality Study and Chlorin-
ation of Drinking Water In Louisiana. Journal arti-
cle,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. School of Medicine.
Marise S. Gottlieb, and Jean K. Can-. 1982,9p EPA-
600/J-81-376
Grant EPA-R-805110
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p169-
1771982.
Several Louisiana parished (counties) using the Mis-
sissippi River for their source of public drinking water
have the highest mortality rates (1950-69) in the
United States for several cancers. Therefore, a case-
control mortality study on cancer of the liver, brain,
pancreas, bladder, kidney, prostate, rectum, colon,
esophagus, stomach, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multi-
ple myeloma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lung,
breast and malignant melanoma, from 1960 to 1975 in
South Louisiana parishes grouped for similarities in in-
dustrial characteristics, having approximately equal ex-
posure of the population to surface and groundwater,
was conducted.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Potable water, Malignant
neoplasms, Louisiana, Mortality, Mississippi River, Re-
prints, 'Cancer, Drinking water, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-189142 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Alternate
Drinking Water Disinfectants. Journal article,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept of Pharma-
cology.
Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman, Daniel Couri, and
Richard J. Bull. 1982,7pEPA-600/J-81-362
Contract EPA-R-807473
Pub. in Environmental Health Petspectives, v46 p19-
231982.
The Chlorination of surface waters is known to evalu-
ate trihalomethanes; consequently, chlorine dioxide
(CKD2) is being considered as an alternative disinfect-
ant The primary products resulting from CIO2 disinfec-
tion of waters are chlorites and chlorates.
Keywords: 'Disinfectants, "Drinking water, 'Chlorine
dioxide. Metabolism, Potable water, Chlorites, Chlor-
ates, Reprints, Pharmacokinetics, 'Trihalomethane.
PB83-189159 PC A02/MF A01
Toxteotogical Effects of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite
and Chlorate. Journal article,
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Daniel Couri, Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman, and
Richard J. Bull. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-81-361
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p13-
171982.
Review of the available literature obtained from both
acute and chronic experiments utilizing rats, mice and
chickens treated with C102, O02 and CI03 in drinking
water has demonstrated alterations in hematotogic pa-
rameters in all species tested. The effects were usually
dose related and marked changes occurred only at the
higher dosages (up to 1000 mg/l).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine dioxide, 'Chlorite,
'Chlorate, Hematoiogy, Dosages, Reprints.
PB83-189167 PC A02/MF A01
Use of Biological Assay Systems to Assess the
Relative Carcinogenic Hazards of Disinfection By-
products. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, M. Robinson, J. R. Meier, and J. Stober.
1982,15p EPA-600/J-81-360
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p215-
2271982.
Other workers have clearly shown that most, ri not all,
drinking water in the U.S. contains chemicals that pos-
sess mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity by using
bacterial and in vitro methods. In the present work, in-
creased numbers of tumors were observed with sam-
ples of organic material isolated from 5 U.S. cities ad-
ministered as tumor initiators in mouse skin initiation/
promotion studies. Only in one case was the result sig-
nificantly different from control.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Carcino-
gens, 'Mutagens, Bioassay, Disinfection, Neoplasms,
Reprints, Drinking water, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Cancer.
PB83-189175 PC A02/MF A01
Subchronte Toxlclty of Chlorine Dioxide and Re-
lated Compounds In Drinking Water in the Nonhu-
man Primate. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. P. Bercz, L. Jones, L. Gamer, D. Murray, and D. A.
Ludwig. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-81-261
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p47-
55 1982.
Subchrqnic toxicities of CI02, NaCI03, and NH2CI were
studied in the African Green monkeys (Cercopithecus
aethiops). The chemicals were administered in drink-
ing water during 30-60 days subchronic rising dose
protocols. The only unexpected and significant toxic
effects was elicited by CI02; this chemical inhibited thy-
roid metabolism in the animals at a dose of ca.9.0 mg/
kg/day.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Chlorine dioxide, 'Toxi-
cology, Monkeys, Laboratory animals, Water pollution,
Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PB83-189183 PC A02/MF A01
Trihalomethanes as Initiators and Promoters of
Cardnogenesis. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Michael A. Pereira, Luan-Ho C. Un, John M. Lippitt,
and Sydna L. Herren. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-81 -251
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v46 p151-
1561982.
Chloroform and other trihalomethanes are contami-
nants of drinking water that have been demonstrated
to be carcinogenic in laboratory animals. Determina-
tion of the mechanism of carcinogenicity of chloroform
is required so that the animal data can be extrapolated
to estimate the human health hazard.
Keywords: *Toxico|ogy, 'Chloroform, Carcinogens,
Trihalomethanes, Kidney, Liver, Water pollution, Re-
prints, 'Carcinogenesis.
PB83-189191 PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Effects on the Activity of Eight En-
zymes: A Review and a Discussion Relevant to
Environmental Monitoring. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. M. Christensen, D. Olson, and B. Riedel. 1982,11 p
EPA-600/J-82-294
Pub. in Environmental Research 29, p247-2551982.
The effects of selected water pollutants and other
chemicals on the activity of eight enzymes (in vitro) are
summarized. The information may give insight into the
mechanism of action of toxic chemicals and have ap-
plication in the development of a rapid screening pro-
cedure involving enzymes as biomonrtors in analyzing
water quality.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Enzymes, In vitro analysis,
Water quality, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects, Bio-
monitors.
1456 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-189209 PC A02/MF A01
Mass Balance Modeling of DDT Dynamics In
Lakes Michigan and Superior. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. J. Bierman, Jr., and W. R. Swain. 1982,10p EPA-
600/J-82-297
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v16
n9p572-5791982.
A retrospective analysis of DDT dynamics subsequent
to the imposition of a ban on DDT use in 1969 was
conducted for Lakes Michigan and Superior. Trends in
the available data indicate that DDT levels in both
lakes declined at greater rates than were expected on
the basis of hydraulic detention times and the degrada-
tion rate for DDT in the environment. Results for appar-
ent net paniculate settling velocities for DDT were con-
sistent with analogous results for phosphorus, phyto-
plankton, and plutonium from independent studies.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Michigan, 'Lake
Superior, *DDT, Pesticides, Trends, Degradation, Par-
ticles, Reprints.
PB83-189217 PC A02/MF A01
Toxlclty of Aldlcarb and Fonofos to the Earty-Ufe-
Stage of the Fathead Minnow. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Q. H. Pickering, and W. T. Gilliam. 1982,6p EPA-600/
J-82-296
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, p699-702 1982.
Flow-through early-!ife-stage (ELS) toxicity tests were
conducted with the pesticides aldicarb (Temik) and
fonofos (Dyfonate) to determine their effect on the sur-
vival and growth of fathead minnows. Concentrations
of 78 micrograms/L of aldicarb and 16 micrograms/L
of fonofos did not affect survival and growth. However,
156 micrograms/L of aldicarb and 33 micrograms/L of
fonofos were lethal to larval-juvenile exposed for 30
days post-hatch. The maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) of aldicarb and fonofos for the
fathead minnow is estimated to be between 78-156 mi-
crograms/L and 16-33 micrograms/L, respectively.
The corresponding chronic values (geometric means
of MATC values) would be 110 micrograms/L and 23
micrograms/L. Acute toxicity tests gave 96-hr LC50
values of 1370 micrograms aldicarb/L and 1090 mi-
crograms fonofos/L. The acute-chronic ratio (96-hr
LCSO/chronic value) is 12 for aldicarb and 47 for fono-
fos.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Fishes, Lethal
dosage, Reprints, Fathead minnows, Aldicarb, Fono-
fos, Biological effects, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-189225 PC A02/MF A01
Quantification of Octachlorostyrene and Related
Compounds in Great Lakes Fish by Gas Chroma-
tography - Mass Spectrometry. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, K. L. Johnson, B. C. Butterworth, E. N:
Leonard, and G. D. Veith. 1981,8p EPA-600/J-81-618
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v7 n3 p330-335
1981.
Residues of Octachlorostyrene (DCS) and related pol-
ychlorinated compounds including isomers of heptach-
toro-, hexachloro-, and pentachlorostyrene; hexachlor-
obenzene, pentachlorobenzene, isomers of tetrachlo-
ro- and trichlorobenzene; and hexachlorobutadiene
have been quantitated by multiple-ion-detection gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry in Great Lakes
fish collected between 1974 and 1980. The results
show that the two upper lakes, Superior and Michigan,
do not appear to have residues of OCS greater than 5
ng/g, white residues in the lower takes, Huron, Ontario,
and Erie, are as high as 400 ng/g. A selected tributary
to Lake Erie has been shown to contain very high
levels of all of the chemicals studied which suggests
one possible source of chlorostyrenes in the Great
Lakes.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Fresh water fish,
Great Lakes, Residues, Chlorine organic compounds,
Gas chromatography, Quantitative analysis, Reprints,
•Octachlorostyrene, Biphenyls.
PB83-189233 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxlclty of Kelthane, Dursban, Disulfoton,
Pydrin, and Permethrin to Fathead Minnows 'Pl-
mephales promelas' and Rainbow Trout 'Salmo
gairdneri'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. W. Holcombe, G. L. Phipps, and D. K. Tanner. 1982,
14pEPA-600/J-82-295
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 29, p167-
1781982.
Flow-through acute lethal toxicity tests were conduct-
ed with kelthane, dursban, disulfoton, pydrin and per-
methrin using rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and fat-
head minnows Pimephales promelas in Lake Superior
water. Pydrin was the most toxic pesticide tested to
both species of fish and was followed in order of de-
creasing toxicity by permethrin, dursban, kelthane and
disulfoton. Rainbow trout were more sensitive than fat-
head minnows to all five pesticides. The 96-h LC50
values micrograms/liter for rainbow trout and fathead
minnows, respectively, were: pydrin, 2.1 and 5.4; per-
methrin, 7.0 and 15.6; dursban, 8.0 and 203.0; kelth-
ane, 210.0 and 510.0 and disulfoton, 3020.0 and
4000.0.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, 'Pesticides, Lethal
dosage, Bioassay, Reprints, Fathead minnows, Rain-
bow trout, Pimephales promelas, Salmo gairdneri,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Kelthane, Dursban,
Disulfoton.
PB83-189274 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Reducing Runoff Pollution Using Vegetated Bor-
derland for Manure Application Sites. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Biologi-
cal and Agricultural Engineering.
Philip W. Westerman, Michael R. Overcash, and
Samuel C. Bingham. Mar 83, 98p EPA-600/2-83-022
Grant EPA-R-804608
The objective of this study was to evaluate the mecha-
nisms and effectiveness of vegetated buffer zones or
borderland areas in reducing pollutional impact on
rainfall runoff from sites used for land application of
livestock and poultry manure. The effect of grass
buffer-zone length on the reduction of pollutant con-
centration and mass in runoff from land application
areas was studied over a nine-month period for sever-
al different buffer-area length/application-area length
ratios. Also, one-dimensional mathematical models
were developed to investigate the effects of dilution
and infiltration. The model and experimental results
suggest that infiltration is the major factor affecting
buffer-zone length.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Grasses,
'Water pollution control, Livestock, Environmental im-
pacts, Poultry, Dilution, Mathematical models, One di-
mensional flow, Fluid infiltration, 'Land application,
Manure.
PB83-189290 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Development of a Test-Tube Stress-Ethylene Bio-
assay for Detecting Phytotoxic Air Pollutants. Re-
search brief,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst.
L. E. Craker. Aug 82,7p EPA-600/D-82-274
GrantEPA-R-806412
The primary purpose of this study was to develop
stress-ethylene production from plant seedlings as a
simple, rapid and quantitative bioassay for detecting
phytotoxic air pollutants. The developed procedure
was to require only small quantities of gas for phyto-
toxic testing, have minimum cultural and space needs,
be easily standardized for comparison of results from
diverse testing laboratories, and provide an unbiased
estimate of phytotoxic activity.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, *Plants(Botany), 'Ethylene, 'Air
pollution detection, Bbindicators.
PB83-189308 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Oxidant Air Pollution Effects on a Western Conif-
erous Forest Ecosystem,
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Sta-
tion, Riverside, CA.
P. R. Miller, O. C. Taylor, and R. G. Wilhour. Aug 82,
12pEPA-600/D-82-276
From 1973 to 1978, an interdisciplinary study of the
pine and mixed conifer forests of the San Bernardino
Mountains of southern California measured the effects
of 30 years' exposure to photochemical oxidant air pol-
lution on selected ecological systems. Average 24-
hour ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino
Mountains during the May through September period
ranged from a background of 3-4 pphm up to a maxima
of 10-12 pphm. Ponderosa pine was very ozone sensi-
tive; foliar injury occurred at 24-hour concentrations of
5-6 pphm followed by, in decreasing order of sensitivi-
ty, Jeffrey pine, white fir, black oak, incense cedar, and
sugar pine. Foliar injury and premature leaf fall caused
decreased photosynthetic capacity, suppressed radial
growth of stems (a negative exponential relationship),
and reduced nutrient retention in the green biomass,
all leading to weakened trees. Pines became more
susceptible to root rot (Fomes annosus) and pine bee-
tles (Dendroctonus brevicomis); mortality rates
reached 2-3 percent in some years. Litter depth was
greatest in stands receiving the most injury and associ-
ated defoliation, hindering pine seed establishment but
encouraging oxidant-tolerant species in the under-
story.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Air pollution, 'Forest land,
'San Bernardino Mountains, Fir trees, Pine trees,
Shrubs, Photochemical reactions,
Tolerances(Physiology), Coleoptera, Defoliation, Mor-
tality, California, Ozone, 'Fomes annosus, •Dendroc-
tonus brevicomis, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-189365 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation: Distribution and
Abundance In the Lower Chesapeake Bay and the
Interactive Effects of Light, Epiphytes and
Grazers,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Robert J. Orth, Kenneth A. Moore, and Jacques van
Montfrans. Apr 83,144p EPA-600/3-83-019
Contract EPA-X-003246
This final grant report is subdivided into two major sec-
tions. The first section describes the distribution and
abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in
the lower Bay. Baseline information for SAV was col-
lected in 1978 and supplemented with additional infor-
mation from 1979. Subsequently, in 1980 and 1981,
overflights were conducted of all polyhaline and meso-
haline areas mapped for SAV in 1978 and photographs
were taken from which aerial coverage of the vegeta-
tion was measured. The data from 1978 through 1981
were analyzed for short term changes in SAV distribu-
tion and abundance.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, 'Chesapeake Bay, Under-
water environments, Distribution(Property), Abun-
dance, History, Aerial photographs, Underwater light
Salinity, Tolerances(Physiology), sea grasses, Snails,
Photosynthesis, Baseline studies, Grazing, Bittium
varium.
PB83-189530 PC A02/MF A01
Uptake of Bacterlophage 12 through Plant Roots.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Richard L. Ward, and Richard J. Mahler. 6 Jan 82,9p
EPA-600/J-82-064
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v43
n5p1098-1103 May 82.
A model system was designed to measure viral uptake
through the roots of plants and translocation to distal
plant parts. For this study, uptake of bacteriophage f2
was measured in corn and bean plants growing in hy-
droponic solutions. Few phage were detected in plants
with uncut roots. However, when roots of both plant
types were cut just before exposure to very high con-
centrations of phage, the amount of phage uptake was
several orders of magnitude greater than with uncut
roots, but still was considerably less than that which
was theoretically possible. Furthermore, cut roots
were rapidly repaired, thus inhibiting uptake, and the
amount of uptake in plants with cut roots was propor-
tional to phage exposure levels. Finally, phage were
transported to all plant parts examined, but their sur-
vival times within each portion of the plants appeared
to be of limited duration. All of these factors tend to
December 1983 1457
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
minimize the possible public health significance asso-
ciated with viral uptake through the root systems of
plants.
Keywords: 'Bacteriophages, *Plants(Botany), Trans-
location, Uptake, Com, Beans, Hydroponics, Reprints,
Roots, 'Bkiaccumulation.
PB83-189548
PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Immunosuppresslon with Cydophos-
phamkte on Acute Uurine Cytomegalovirus infec-
tion and Virus-Augmented Natural Killer Cell Ac-
tMty. Journal article,
Heaftti Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PariXNC.
Mary Jane K. Belgrade, Mary J. Daniels, Ping C. Hu,
Frederick J. Miller, and Judith A. Graham. 9 Aug 82,
12DEPA-600/J-82-300
Pub. in Infection and Immunity, v38 n3 p1046-1055
Dec 82.
The effects of cydophosphamide (CY) treatment on
acute murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection were
studied to explore the potential usefulness of MCMV
as a means of detecting immune dysfunction and to
identify host defense mechanisms important for pro-
tection against MCMV.
Keywords: 'Infectious diseases. Reprints,'Murine cy-
tomegalovirus, 'Cydophosphamide, 'Immuno-
suppression.
PBe3-189555 PC A02/MF A01
StucHM on the Flavor Aversions Induced by TrW-
kymn Compound*. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
R. C. MacPhail. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-301
Pub. in Neurobehavioral T
n225-2*>1982.
J Toxicology and Teratology, v4
These experiments were undertaken to determine the
suitability of a flavor-aversion-conditioning paradigm
for detecting the effects of trimethyttin and triethyfbn.
Both organotins produced flavor aversions whose
magnitude depended jointly on the dosage adminis-
tered and the number of flavor-organotin pairings. Esti-
mated ED 60s (for triethyttin, 1.8 mg/kg; for trimethyl-
tin, 3.1 mg/kg) were smaller than the dosages report-
ed to affect other classes of behavior, but neverthe-
less represented a substantial percentage (25-45%) of
the respective published LD-50 values. Flavor-aver-
sion conditioning may represent a valuable tool for
studying the effects of organic and inorganic heavy
metals.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, Heavy metals, 'Trimethyltin, 'Triethylin, 'Flavor
aversions.
PB83-189563 PC A02/MF A01
Us* of Prolonged Treatment and the Fluctuation
Test to Detect nutations In Human Ftorobtasts
Treated with Methyl Uetftanesuttonate. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Shiu L Huang, Gwyn BidoJx, and Michael D. Waters. 8
Jun 82,10p EPA-600/J-82-302
Pub. in Mutation Research 105, p175-182 1982. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induction of 6-
thioguanine-resistant (6TG) mutants in non-synchro-
nized human fibroblasts has been quantitatively char-
acterized. A 24-h MMS treated failure to induce muta-
tions in non-synchronized cultures. However, expo-
sure of growing cells to MMS for 3 days caused a sig-
nificant increase in the mutation frequencies. The mu-
tabons induction was dose-dependent The fluctuation
test was also useful in detecting the mutagentc activity
of MMS in human fSxobtasts. Prolonged treatment of
cultures made th3 human cell mutageoesis testing
system more sensitive.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Humans, Reprints, 'Methyl
methanesutfonate, Rbroblasts, ' Mutageoesis, Fluctu-
ationtest
PB83-189571 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Analysis of the 'Spodoptera fruglperda' Nuclear
Polynedrosis Virus Genome by Restriction En-
donudeases and Electron Microscopy. Journal ar-
ticle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Lambert C. Loh, John J. Hamm, Clinton Kawanishi,
and Eng-Shang Huang. 5 Aug 82,7p EPA-600/J-82-
303
Grant EPA-R-806210
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, v44 n5 p747-751 Nov 82. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Southern Grain Insects Lab.,
Tifton, GA.
Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to differ-
entiate between four strains of Spodoptera frugiperda
nuclear poiyhedrosis virus from different geographical
areas. In addition, partial denaturation was performed,
and a partial denaturation map was constructed for the
Ohio strain of this virus.
Keywords: 'Genes, 'Viruses, Electron microscopy,
Denaturation, Reprints, 'Spodoptera frugiperda, En-
donucleases.
PB83-189589 PC A02/MF A01
Neonatal Triethyttin Exposure Alters Adult Elec-
trophysiotogy In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert S. Dyer, William E. Howeli, and Lawrence W.
Reiter. 5 May81,17p EPA-600/J-81-163
Pub. in Neurotoxicology 2, p609-623 1981.
In adults, triethyttin (TET) produces degeneration of
white mater, edema, vacuolization of myelin and his-
toxic hypoxia. To determine the functional conse-
quences of perinatal exposure to TET, albino rats were
administered either 0,3,6, or 9 mg/kg TET on postnatal
day 5. Upon reaching adulthood, the rats were implant-
ed with electrodes for recording visual evoked poten-
tials (VEPs) and hippocampal afterdischarges (ADs).
In addition to these tests, 17 days of kindling trials
were administered to the rats followed by testing with
pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin for seizure suscepti-
bility.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Physiological effects, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Triethyttin.
PB83-189597 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Heating Rate on Evaporative Heat Loss
In the Microwave-Exposed Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-81 -326
Pub. in American Physiological Society, p316-323
1982.
Male CBA/J mice were administered heat loads of 0-
28 J. per g at specific absorption rates (SARs) of either
47 or 93 W. per kg by exposure to 2,450-MHz micro-
wave radiation at an ambient temperature of 30 C
while evaporative heat loss (EHL) was continuously
monitored with dew-point hygrometry.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Heat
loss, Exposure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB83-1S960S PC A02/MF A01
Enhancement of Viral Transformation of Hamster
Embryo Cells by Pretreatment with 4-Chlorometh-
yibiphenyl. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
G. G. Hatch, P. D. Mamay, and S. Nesnow. 31 Jul 81,
7p EPA-600/J-81-255
Pub. in Mutation Research 100, p229-233 1982. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with 4-chlor-
omethyibiprtenyl produced reproducible and quantita-
tive concentration-dependent enhancement of viral
transformation the statistical significance of which was
independent of cell lethality. These results suggest this
compound has carcinogenic potential since positive
results in this mammalian cell bioassay system closely
correlate with the carcinogenic potential of many di-
verse compounds and with structurally similar agents,
especially other chlorinated compounds.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Viruses, Cells(Biology), Bio-
assay, Hamsters, Reprints, 'Biphenyl/chloromethyl,
Carctnogenesis.
PB83-189613 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Fetotoxictty Using Biochemical End-
points of Organ Differentiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert J. Kavlock, Neil Chemoff, Ellen Rogers,
Douglas Whitehouse, and Brenda Carver. 6 Apr 82,
14pEPA-600/J-81-327
Pub. in Teratology 26, p183-194 1982.
The biochemical differentiation of the brain, lungs,
liver, and kidneys of the late gestation rat fetus was ex-
amined to characterize the immediate implications of
retarded growth on fetal development. Initially, the nor-
mative profile of development of the brain (weight,
DNA content and protein content), lungs and kidneys
(weight, alkaline phosphatase activity, and protein
content) was determined on gestation days 19,20,21,
and 22 (day 1= finding of sperm in vaginal smear).
Subsequently, five compounds known to induce feto-
toxicity (chlorambucil, methyl salicylate, rnirex, nitro-
fen, and toxaphene) were administered during organo-
genesis, and the effects on organ differentiation were
determined in day 21 fetuses. The effect of fetal
growth retardation resulting from exposure to exoge-
nous agents were not equally distributed among the
organs studied. The liver and kidney appeared more
sensitive to insult by these agents than did the brain
and lungs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, 'Fetotoxicity, Chlorambucil, 'Methyl salicylate,
'Mirex, 'Nitrofen, 'Toxaphene.
PB83-189621 PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Field*
on Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tissue In vitro.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Carl F. Blackman, Shawnee G. Benane, Linda S.
Kinney, William T. Joines, and Dennis E. House. 27
Apr 82,14pEPA-600/J-81-392
Pub. in Radiation Research 92, p510-5201982.
It has been previously demonstrated that carrier waves
of 50 and 147 MHz, when sinusoidally amplitude mod-
ulated at 16 Hz (ELF), can cause enhanced efflux of
radiolabeled calcium ions from chick brain tissue in
vitro. This phenomenon occurs only when the samples
are exposed to specific intensity ranges of the carrier
wave. Unmodulated carrier waves do not affect the ion
efflux. Since ELF signal must be demodulated from the
carrier waves do not be effective, a study of the efflux
enhancement due to the ELF signal alone may lead to
an identification of the site of demodulation, as well as
provide clues to the underlying mechanism.
Keywords: 'Extremely low radio frequencies, 'Brain,
In vitro analysis, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Calcium
ions.
PB83-189639 PC A02/MF A01
Quality Control and Evaluation of Mass Spectra.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
G. W. A. Milne, W. L Budde, S. R. Heller, D. P.
Martinson, and R. G. Oldham. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-
289
Pub. in Organic Mass Spectrometry, v17 nil p547-552
1982. Prepared in cooperation with National Cancer
Inst, Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer Treatment, Fein-
Marquart Associates, Baltimore, MD. and Radian
Corp., Austin, TX.
Over 1400 electron kmization mass spectra of select-
ed organic compounds have been measured under
carefully defined conditions. In this paper, the varia-
bles such as sample purity and spectrometer calibra-
tion that are controlled are described. The quality of
the resulting spectra as well as the cost of the meas-
urements is reported.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Organic corn-
pounds, Performance evaluation, Calibrating, Quality
control, Information systems. Reprints, 'Mass spectral
data base.
1458 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-189647 PC A02/MF A01
Continuous Noninvasive Monitoring of Left Ven-
tricular Function during Exercise by Thoracic Im-
pedance Cartography Automated Derivation of
Systolic Time Intervals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. S. Sheps, M. L. Petrovick, P. N. Kizakevich, C.
Wolfe, and E. Craige. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-82-288
Pub. in American Heart Jnl., v103 n4 Pt 1 p519-524
Apr 82.
Systolic .time intervals (ST) obtained during exercise
are useful as a method of estimating global left ventric-
ular function. The conventional method, however,
which requires & carotid pulse tracing as well as a
phonocardiogram of high quality, is technically difficult
under conditions of exercise. The authors have validat-
ed a new method of obtaining STI which employs the
first derivative of thoracic electrical impedance (DZ/
DT). The DZ/DT was recorded using surface elec-
trodes and a microcomputer for automated signal
processing. The new method was studied in 20 male
normal subjects (aged 18 to 53 years) at rest and
during increasing levels of upright exercise. Heart rate
ranged from 61 to 173 beats/min. Results obtained si-
multaneously by both techniques showed no signifi-
cant difference. Thus impedance cardiography allows
continuous monitoring of STI during exercise and may
prove to be a valuable addition to multistage stress
testing.
Keywords: 'Exercise(Physiology). 'Electrocardio-
graphy, *Stress(Physiology), Heart, Humans, Reprints,
Noninvasive tests.
PB83-189654 PC A02/MF A01
InMbttation of Benzo(A)Pyrene Monooxygenase
by alpha-Naphthoflavone may be Partially Mediat-
ed by the Metabolite 9-Hydroxy-alpha-Naphthofla-
vone. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Stephen Nesnow, Robert Easterling, Hinda Bergman,
and Robert Roth. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-153
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v14 p7-13 1982.
Naphthoflavone (ANF) inhibits beta-naphthoflavon-in-
duced rat liver microsomal benzo(a)pyrene metabo-
lism and is transformed by these microsomes into
naphthoflavone metabolites. The authors determined
the inhibitory effect on benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) metab-
olism of several of these metabolites and of 6-meth-
oxy-ANF, using beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver
microsomes. 9-Hydroxy-ANF was the most active in-
hibitor (ISO = 1.47 micro M) and was metabolized from
ANF by these hepatic cimrosomes in concentrations
which are inhibitory. Therefore, 9-hydroxy-ANF a mi-
crosomal metabolite of ANF, may play a role in the in-
hibition of B(a)P oxidation by ANF.
Keywords: 'Inhibitors, Rats, Liver, Microsomes, Me-
tabolism, Reprints, Metabolites, 'Benzopyrene mon-
ooxygenase, 'Naphthoflavone, Naphthoflavone/hy-
droxy.
PB83-189662 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Cell Source, Mouse Strain, and Im-
munosupprMslve Treatment on Production of
Virulent and Attenuated Murine Cytomegalovlnis.
Journal article,
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Man/jane K. Belgrade, John G. Nedrud, Albert M.
Collier, and Donald E. Gardner. 1981,10p EPA-600/J-
81-107
Pub. in Infection and Immunity, v33 n3 p840-847 Sep
81.
Murine cytomegalovirus pools from various in vitro and
in vivo sources were compared for virulence in suck-
ling mice in an effort to identify the conditions which
were necessary for the production of virulent and at-
tenuated viruses. Virus passaged in trachea! ring and
salivary gland organ cultures, where virus is produced
primarily by epithelial cells, was even more attenuated
than virus passaged in mouse embryo fibroblasts. The
attenuation observed after passage in all three of
these in vitro systems did not appear to be due to de-
fective interfering particles.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Mice, Cells(Biology), Production,
Reprints, Immunosuppression, 'Murine cytomegalo-
virus.
PB83-189670 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toluene Levels in Blood and Brain of Rats during
and after Respiratory Exposure. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Vernon A. Benignus, Keith E. Muller, Curtis N. Barton,
and John A. Brittikofer. 14 Jul 81,10p EPA-600/J-81 -
180
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 61,
P326-3341981.
Eighty rats were exposed to 575 ppm toluene by inha-
lation for up to 240 min. Animals in one group were
sacrificed during exposure at 15, 30, 60, 120, or 240
min. Following a 240-min exposure, groups of rats
were sacrificed at 15, 30, 120, or 240 min. Blood was
drawn from the vena cava of sacrified subjects. Brains
were extracted and homogenized. Blood and brain
tissue were assayed for toluene by gas chromatogra-
phy. One-compartment pharmacokinetic models were
fitted to predict toluene levels in blood and whole brain
as a function of time.
Keywords: "Toluene, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Blood analysis, Brain, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-189688 PC A02/MF A01
Neonatal Chiordecone Exposure Alters Behavior-
al Sex Differentiation in Female Hamsters. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Leon Earl Gray, Jr. 1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-285
Pub. in NeuroToxicology 3, (2) p67-80 1982.
The present study was designed in order to determine
if exposure to the weakly estrogenic pesticide Chiorde-
cone during a critical period of behavioral sex differen-
tiation of the brain could masculinize and defeminize
the behavior of female hamsters.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Sex, Behavior,
Hamsters, Laboratory animals, Brain, Reprints, 'Chior-
decone.
PB83-189696 PC A02/MF A01
Potential Exposure of Apple Thinners to Phosa-
lone. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
James E. Davis, Edwin R. Stevens, Donald C. Staiff,
and Larry C. Butler. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-82-286
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 29, p592-598 1982.
Apple thinning results in considerable human contact
with foliage, fruit, and limbs. This work often occurs
during that portion of the growing season when trees
are most frequently being sprayed for insect conrol.
Therefore, of all workers exposed to pesticide residues
upon reentry into sprayed crops, apple thinners prob-
ably receive some of the heaviest exposure.
Keywords: 'Apple trees, 'Pesticides, 'Industrial hy-
giene, Humans, Reprints, 'Phosalone, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Occupation safety and health.
PB83-189704 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of a Wastewater for Seven Priority Pol-
lutant Elements by D.C. Argon Plasma Emission
Spectroscopy. Journal article Jun-Nov 79,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Randall J. Dellefield, and Theodore D. Martin. 1982,8p
EPA-600/J-82-034
Pub. in Atomic Spectroscopy, v3 n6 p165-170, Nov-
Dec82.
This limited project was conducted to determine the
usefulness of the D.C. argon plasma for the analysis of
wastewater. Seven priority pollutant elements, arsenic
(As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),
nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and thallium (Tl), were selected
for use in this project. A discussion on the linearity, in-
strumental detection limit, and stray light effects for
each element is included. The report contains preci-
sion and accuracy data on a mixed domestic-industrial
effluent spiked at three concentrations. The effect of
varying the concentration of the matrix buffer and the
need for matrix matching of the standard to sample are
also discussed.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Emission Spectroscopy,
Chemical analysis, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chro-
mium, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Thallium, Water pollution,
Industrial wastes, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection,
'Plasma emission Spectroscopy.
PB83-189712 PC A02/MF A01
Determining Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium In
Water and Wastewater by Electrothermal Atom-
Izatlon. Journal article Apr 78-Aug 80,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Theodore D. Martin, and James K. Riley. 1982,8p
EPA-600/J-82-287
Pub. in Spectroscopy, v3 n6 p174-179, Nov-Dec 82.
A procedure is described for separating dissolved hex-
avalent chromium (Cr(+6)) from triyalent chromium
(Cr(+3)) and the water sample matrix by coprecipita-
tion of lead chrpmate with lead sulfate in acetic acid
solution. Precision and accuracy data are presented
for tap water and various wastewater effluents.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Water analysis, Water pollu-
tion, Potable water, Precipitation(Chemistry), Atomiz-
ing, Industrial wastes, Reprints, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectros-
copy.
PB83-189985 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
Characterization of Air Pollution Control Equip-
ment Operation and Maintenance Problems. Final
rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Robert G. Mclnnes, and Peter H. Anderson. Feb 81,
139p
Contract EPA-68-01-4143
Prepared in cooperation with Council on Environmen-
tal Quality, Washington, DC.
Results of five separate studies investigating a total of
169 individual sources (16 industrial classes) of air pol-
lution are reviewed in depth. Purpose of studies, done
by five separate contractors was to: (1) assess the
degree source controls fail to maintain continuous
compliance with regulatory requirements, (2) present
typical frequency, duration, and magnitude of excess
emission data for a variety of industrial sources, and
(3) identify the primary causes of emissions incidents.
Report presents an overview of findings, a tabularized
set of data with narrative for each category, and a set
of recommendations for agencies wishing to control
operation and maintenance problems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Equipment, Maintenance,
Regulations, Standards.
PB83-189993 PC A08/MF A01
Profile of Nine State and Local Air Pollution Agen-
cies. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
James S. Vickery, Lori Cohen, and James Cummings.
Feb81,175p
Prepared in cooperation with Council on Environmen-
tal Quality, Washington, DC.
A review of the programs and practices of nine air pol-
lution agencies concerned about the problem of con-
tinuous compliance with their requirements. This joint
study performed by EPA and CEO examined the orga-
nizations, Permit Systems, Inspection and Surveillance
Approaches, and Enforcement Programs of the States
of CT, NY, NJ, NC, OR, and the cities pf Chicago,
Houston, and San Diego. Comparative review of each
jurisdiction's programs is presented by function, and
suggested strategy is presented for agencies wishing
to control the continuous compliance (or operation and
maintenance of control equipment) problem.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, Requirements,
State government, Local government, Municipalities,
Urban areas, Equipment, Inspection.
PB83-190116 PCA10/MFA01
Potential Individual Doses from Disposal of Hlgh-
Level Radioactive Wastes In Geologic Repositor-
ies. Draft rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
December 1983 1459
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jan 83,220p EPA-520/1-82-007
The agency has recently published environmental
standards addressing disposal of high-level radioac-
tive wastes (40 CFR Part 191) for public review and
comment (47 FR 58196). An important part of this
effort is the evaluation of how effective mined geologic
repositories are for isolating these wastes from the en-
vironment for many thousands of years. This technical
report presents the methodology used to assess the
potential annual individual doses and human exposure
and geologic media contamination probabilities from
projected releases of radioisotopes from a geologic re-
pository. It describes the models that the Agency em-
ployed for this analysis and reviews the various as-
sumptions which were made. Since this analysis is
necessarily generic in nature, the methodology uses
very general models of environmental pathways and
considers a range of values for the various parameters
used in the models.
Keywords: 'Radiation dosage, 'Health physics, "Ra-
dioactive wastes, Dosimetry, Assessments, Humans,
Contamination, Dosage, Repositories, Models, 'Ra-
dioactive waste disposal, 'High-level radioactive
wastes, Radionuclkte migration.
PB83-190132 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Data Base for the Development of Improved Tem-
perature Correction Factors for Emissions. Tech-
nical rapt,
Vector Research, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
G. Miller, and K. Wilkinson. 27 Jul 79,25p VRI-EPA-5-
FR79-1
This report summarizes work performed by Vector Re-
search, Incorporated, (VRI) to develop a data base de-
scribing the efforts of temperature on mobil source
emissions. This effort was conducted for the Office of
Mobile Source Air Pollution Control (OMSAPC) of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in order to
provide data with which OMSAPC can develop im-
proved temperature correction factors for mobile
source emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, •Tem-
perature, 'Information systems, Motor vehicles,
'Emission factors.
PB83-190256 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Office at Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Comprehensive Data Handing System (CDHS)
Cooing Manual Final rept,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Larry R. McMaster. Feb 81,138p EPA-450/4-81-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3011
This manual is provided as a supplement to the EIS/
AS User's Guide (EPA-450/4-80-009) and the EIS/PS
User's Guide (EPA-450/4-80-010). It contains detailed
information on coding the input transactions for both
area sources and point sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Coding, Information systems,
•Computer applications, CDHS system.
PBS3-1902S4 PC E99
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Resource Conservation and Utilization In Animal
*M_ - | _ «* . nmtfl ^rti
WMtv ••ntMVffnvni.
Cornell Univ.. Ithaca. NY.
MarB1,491pHn3v
Set includes PB83-190272, PB83-190280, and PB83-
190298.
No abstract available
PB83-190272 PC A15/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Resource Conservation and Utilization In Animal
Waste Management Volume I. Utilization of
Animal Manures as Feedstuff* for Livestock and
Poultry. Rnal rept,
Comea Univ., Ithaca, NY.
John H. Martin, Jr., Raymond C. Loehr, and Thomas E.
Pfceam. Mar 83,337p EPA-600/2-83-024A
Grant EPA-R-806140
See also Volume 2, PB83-190280.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
190264.
Use of animal manures as feedstuffs has been sug-
gested as a method to: (1) reduce the cost of produc-
ing animal products, and (2) reduce or alleviate poten-
tial air and water pollution problems associated with
animal manures. This study assembled, critically re-
viewed and analyzed reported information pertaining
to the nutrient characteristics of animal manures and
their nutritive value when utilized as feedstuffs in feed-
ing trials. The evaluation focused on dairy cattle, beef
cattle, and caged laying hen manures, and broiler litter
utilized as feedstuffs for cattle and poultry. Based on
the results of feeding trials, the assessment of the nu-
tritive value of animal manures indicated that generally
less than 25% of the manures could be incorporated
into rations without adversely affecting animal per-
formance. The estimated economic value of the ma-
nures was highly variable.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, 'Nutritive value,
•Feeding stuffs. Waste disposal, Cattle, Poultry,
Swine, Cost effectiveness, Rations, Performance eval-
uation. Fertilizers, Market value, 'Manures, 'Refeed-
ing systems.
PB83-190280 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Resource Conservation and Utilization in Animal
Waste Management Volume II. Use of Aerobic
Stabilization to Enhance the Value of Animal Ma-
nures on Feedstuffs. Final rept.,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
John H. Martin, Jr., Raymond C. Loehr, and Thomas E.
Pilbeam. Mar 83, 65p EPA-600/2-83-024B
Grant EPA-R-806140
See also Volume 3, PB83-190298, and Volume 1,
PB83-190272.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB-83-
190264.
This investigation evaluated the potential of aerobic
stabilization to increase the value of animal manures
as feedstuffs. Laboratory scale batch and continuous
flow studies using laying hen manure as a substrate
were conducted. The batch studies conducted were
for periods of 15 and 10 days. Completely, mixed con-
tinuous flow reactors were operated at retention time
of 3,5, 7, and 10 days. Results from both sets of stud-
ies indicated that the essential amino acid content and
thus the potential value of laying hen manure as a
feedstuff can be substantially increased with short-
term aeration. Aerobically stabilized laying hen manure
appears to be a well-balanced source of the essential
amino acids required by White Leghorn laying hens.
Such stabilized manure generally is comparable to
soybean meal in essential amino acid composition.
This process appears to be adequate to justify the cost
of aeration for waste stabilization and odor control.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Aerobic processes,
•Stabilization, 'Feeding stuffs, Aeration, Animal nutri-
tion, Chickens, Market value, Substrates, Amino acids.
Comparison, Soybeans, Food composition, Operation
costs. Cost effectiveness, Livestock, Odor control,
•Manures.
PB83-190298 PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Ken- Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Resource Conservation and Utilization In Animal
Waste Management Volume III. Utilization of
Animal Manures as Feedstocks for Energy Pro-
duction. Final rept,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
John H. Martin, Jr., and Raymond C. Loehr. Mar 83,
89p EPA-600/2-83-024C
Grant EPA-R-806140
See also Volume 2, PB83-190280.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
190264.
This study critically examined the feasibility of using
themnochemical processes such as combustion, pyrol-
ysis, and partial oxidation and anaerobic digestion as
methods for utilizing livestock and poultry manures as
renewable sources of energy. Technical, economic,
and environmental quality aspects were considered.
Results of this study indicate that livestock and poultry
manures can, at best, supply only a small fraction of
U.S. energy requirements and cannot significantly
reduce the dependence of U.S. agriculture on petrole-
um fuels. It also was found that the technical feasibility
of manurial biogas production has been adequately
demonstrated and a rational basis for system design
and operation has been established. Although manur-
ial biogas production is technically feasible, economic
feasibility was found to be site specific depending on
available biogas utilization options.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Energy, 'Anaerobic
processes, Digestion(Decomposition), Feasibility,
Thermochemistry, Combustion, Pyrolysis, Oxidation,
Poultry, Livestock, Moisture content, Economic fac-
tors, Odor control, Water quality, 'Energy production,
Biogas.
PB83-190306 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Quantitatlon of Viruses in Waste and Other
Waters. Final rept.,
Syracuse Univ., NY.
James E. Smith. Apr 83,86p* EPA-600/4-83-012
Grant EPA-R-803774
During treatment of domestic sewage by the activated
sludge process large numbers of viruses are inactivat-
ed, principally by adsorption to the microbial floe. The
numbers of viruses which are removed by adsorption
vary over a wide range due to largely unknown factors.
This study describes the interactions between the vir-
ions and exopolysaccharide (XPS) surfaces of gram
negative, urealytjc floe bacteria and demonstrates ad-
sorption of virus particles by extracellular polyhydroxy-
butyrate granules produced by Zoogloea ramigera.
Keywords; 'Waste water, 'Viruses, Bacteria, Adsorp-
tion, Interactions, Sewage treatment, Activated sludge
process, 'Virions, 'Expolysaccharide, Zoogloea rami-
gera, Heavy metals.
PB83-190926 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Temperature Correction Formulae for Adjusting
Estimates of Emissions from Automobiles.
Volume I. Technical rept.,
Vector Research, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
Robert L Farrell. Sep 79,319p VRI-EPA-6-FR79-1-V1
Contract EPA-A-2098NASX
See also Volume 2, PB83-190934.
This report describes an analysis of the effects of tem-
perature on the emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from autombiles.
The analysis was conducted by Vector Research, In-
corporated, (VRI) For the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). The analysis was intended to provide
formulae (referred to as correction formulae) which
could be used to estimate the emissions of regulated
pollutants at temperatures other than those used in the
standard Federal Test Procedure (FTP).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Tem-
perature, 'Automobiles, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrocarbons, Graphs(Charts).
PB83-190934 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Temperature Effects on Automotive Emissions.
Volume II. Technical rept.,
Vector Research, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
Robert L. Farrell. Sep 79,118pVRI-EPA-6-FR79-1-V2
Contract EPA-A-2098NASX
See also Volume 1, PB83-190926.
This report is the second of two volumes describing
analyses of temperature effects on automobile emis-
sions conducted by Vector Research, Incorporated,
(VRI) For the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
This volume reports other specialized studies of the
same data base: these concern the interactions of
technological characteristics of vehicle designs with
the temperature response of emissions from the vehi-
cle and the effects of temperature on emissions of
non-regulated pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, 'Tem-
perature, 'Automobiles, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides, Design criteria, Standards,
Graphs(Charts), Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
1460 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-190975 PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Stabilization, Testing, and Disposal of Arsenic
Containing Wastes. Final rept,
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA.
Jaret C. Jotmson, and Robert L. Lancione. Aug 82,6p
EPA-600/D-81-104
Contract EPA-68-03-2503
Commercially available treatment processes intended
to reduce leaching of contaminants from wastes were
evaluated for arsenic-laden industrial wastes. Three
wastes were selected: (1) Residues from the produc-
tion of arsenical herbicides, (2) Filter cake from the re-
finement of food-grade phosphoric acid, and (3) flue
dusts from nonferrous metal smelters. Each of these
wastes was treated with many treatment (fixation)
processes. The processes' ability to retard the leach-
ing of arsenic was evaluated through the results of lab-
oratory leaching tests. Several processes were found
to reduce arsenic leaching rates by at least four orders
of magnitude. Other processes were shown to have
much less effectiveness.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Leaching, Sludge disposal, Stability, Ground
water, Water pollution, 'Fixation processes.
PB83-190983 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect* of Drilling Fluids on Embryo Development,
Trinity Coll., Hartford, CT. Dept. of Biology.
Richard B. Crawford. Apr 83,38p EPA-600/3-83-021
Grant EPA-CR-807071-02
Prepared In cooperation with Mount Desert Island Bio-
logical Lab., Salsbury Cove, ME.
Toxteity of used drilling fluids to embryo development
was Investigated to ascertain the limits of safe usage
of these fluids in marine environments. Embryos used
as test systems were of the teleost, Fundulus hetero-
clttus, and four echinoderms Echinarachnius parma,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Lytechinus pictus, and
Lytecnmus variegatus. The drilling fluids tested came
from various sources; 24 different samples were evalu-
ated. In addition, several commercial drilling fluid com-
ponents were examined in the test systems including a
synthetic reference mud. Studies demonstrated that
no single drilling fluid is 'typical' and that the quantita-
tive effects of embryos vary considerably from one
fluid to another.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Drilling fluids, Water pollu-
tion, Embryos, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Te-
leost, Fundulus heteroclftus, Echinarachnius parma,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Lytechinus pictus, Ly-
techinus variegatus.
PB83-190991 PC A03/MF A01
Potential Impact of Drilling Fluids on Estuarine
Productivity,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Thomas W. Duke. Apr 83,40p EPA-600/D-83-028
This paper discusses the potential effects of drilling
fluids on semiendosed bodies of water such as estu-
aries. Drilling fluids have been discharged into outer
continental shelf waters for many years but there is
some concern of potential ecological impact when
drilling fluids are discharged near coral reefs or in bays
and estuaries. The concern is based on potential ad-
verse effects of the fluids to corals, shellfish, fish,
grass beds and general productivity. Potential effects
can be evaluated through a hazard assessment proc-
ess that involves effects and exposure measurements.
A suggested hazard assessment involving the Adapt-
ive Environmental Assessment Approach (AEA) is pre-
sented. The components of the AEA approach are de-
scribed and evaluated.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Estuaries, 'Ecology,
•Water pollution, 'Continental shelves. Coral, Shell-
fish, Fishes, Sea grasses, Biological productivity, Sus-
pended sediments, Toxterty, Hazardous materials, As-
sessments, Offshore drilling.
PB83-191007 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation and Improvement of EPA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency) Reference Method 25 - De-
termination of Gaseous Nonmethane Organic
Emissions as Carbon. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. B. Howe, S. K. Gangwal, R. K. M. Jayanty, and
Joseph E. Knoll. Apr 83,79p EPA-600/4-83-008
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reference
Method 25 measures the total gaseous nonmethane
organics as carbon in source emissions. Both labora-
tory and field studies were conducted to evaluate this
method. Tested were the effectiveness of a commer-
cial nonmethane organic analyzer, Byron Model 401,
and the sample collection and conditioning system
used. Two field tests at a textile plant and a plywood
veneer plant were conducted using identical dual sam-
pling trains. Various modifications are recommended
to improve the method.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Sources, Revisions, Air pollution, Laboratory equip-
ment. Sampling, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
Quality assurance, Quality control, Chemical analysis,
Carbon,'EPA method 25.
PB83-191015 PC A03/MF A01
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of Minimal Infectious Dose of an
Enterovlrus In Drinking Water. Final rept. 25 Jan
79-30 Sep 81,
Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH. Inst. of Medical Re-
search.
Gilbert M. Schiff, Gerda Stefanovic', Elizabeth Young,
and Julia Pennekamp. Apr 83,38p EPA-600/1 -83-004
Contract EPA-R-806173
The goals of this project were to determine the minimal
infectious dose and medical significance of an enteric
virus ingested in drinking water. The study was con-
ducted under double-blind, placebo-controlled,
random-selection conditions. A total of 149 suscepti-
ble (antibody-free), healthy, young adult males ingest-
ed varying doses of ECHO-12 virus (10-10,000 pfu) or
placebo seeded into 100 ml of non-chlorinated water
and were followed for evidence of illness, viral shed-
ding, and antibody response. There was no illness in
any of the subjects and no evidence for infection
among the placebo subjects. Infection in exposed sub-
jects was primarily demonstrated by fecal shedding of
virus.
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Viruses, Potable water,
Dosage, Ingestion(Biology), Males, Drinking water.
PB83-191056 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Variance Estimation Methods for the Emission
Factor Equation. Final rept,
Technology Service Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
John Eldon, John Gins, and Charles Stone. Jul 80, 75p
TSC-PD-A231-2
Contract EPA-68-03-2836
This report provides the steps involved in computing
the United States Environmental Protection Agency's
Mobile Source Emission Factor Equation (EFE) based
on many variables. The EFE is used to estimate total
emissions from motor vehicles representing the most
recent model years.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Mathe-
matical models, Motor vehicles, Variables, 'Emission
factors, Mobile source emission model, Numerical so-
lution.
PB83-191122 PCA03/MFA01
Cost Effectiveness Study Methodology as Ap-
plied to EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Directives System. Special management rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
24 Mar 83,31 p
To demonstrate the successful application of the Divi-
sion's cost effectiveness methodology, this report pre-
sents the details and results of the pilot study conduct-
ed of EPA's directives system. The directives system is
the process EPA uses to develop, approve and dis-
seminate Agencywide, policies and procedures in the
form of orders and manuals.
Keywords: 'Management systems, 'Evaluation, Cost
effectiveness, National government, Organizations,
Policies, Manuals.
PB83-191171 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Photoacoustic Determination of Optical Proper-
ties of Aerosol Particles Collected on Filters: De-
velopment of a Method Taking into Account Sub-
strate Reflectivity. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Paul M. Gross Chemical Lab.
R. Roehl, W. A. McClenny, and R. A. Palmer. c1982,
9pEPA-600/J-81-450
Grants EPA-807407, NSF-ATM80-05356
Pub. in Applied Optics, v21 p375-381,1 Feb 82.
The absorptivity and imaginary index of refraction for
carbon and methylene blue particles were inferred
from the photoacoustic spectra of samples collected
on Teflon filter substrates. Three models of varying
complexity were developed to describe the photoa-
coustic signal as a function of filter loading and sample
absorptivity.
Keywords: 'Optical properties, 'Aerosols, 'Air filters,
'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Particles, Soot,
Sampling, Reprints, 'Air quality, 'Photoacoustic spec-
troscopy, Numerical solution.
PB83-191189 PCA02/MFA01
Characterization of OH Slicks on Surface Waters.
Journal article,
Federal Water Quality Administration, Cincinnati, OH.
Analytical Quality Control Lab.
Fred K. Kawahara, and Dwight G. Balinger. 1970,8p
EPA-600/J-70-001
Pub. as Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Product
Research and Development, v9 n4 p533-538 1970.
Numerous unidentified oil samples collected from the
surface waters of the United States were analyzed by
the method of ratios of infrared absorbance, using six
wavenumbers.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water analysis, Sam-
pling, Infrared spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Water
pollution, Field tests, Reprints, 'Oil slicks, 'Oil pollu-
tion detection, Water pollution detection.
PBS3-191197 PC A02/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center.
Ambient Ammonia Measurements In Coastal
Southeastern Virginia. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charles N. Harward, William A. McClenny, James M.
Hoeli, Jerry A. Williams, and Burnie S. Williams. 4 Dec
81,6pEPA-600/J-81-455
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n10 p2497-
2500 1982. Sponsored in part by National Aeronautics
and pace Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Re-
search Center. Prepared in cooperation with Old Do-
minion Univ., Norfolk, VA.
Results are presented from a measurement program
to test an in situ ammonia measurement technique and
to document the temporal and spatial variability asso-
ciated with ammonia. The ammonia data were accu-
mulated for two sites in coastal Southeastern Virginia
from 15 Aug. 1979 to 31 Dec. 1979.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Virginia, Sites, Sampling,
Coastal zone management, Tables(Data), Temporal
environments, Spatial distribution, 'Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB83-191205 PC A02/MF A01
Tungstic Acid Technique for Monitoring Nitric
Acid and Ammonia in Ambient Air. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, P. C. Galley, R. S. Braman, and T. J.
Shelley. 1982, 7p EPA-600/J-81-462
December 1983 1461
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n3 p365-369 1982.
Prepared in cooperation with University of South Flori-
da, Tampa. Dept of Chemistry.
A new measurement procedure has been applied in
field studies for monitoring ambient concentrations of
HNO3 and NH3, Preconcentration of these gases as
well as separation from their paniculate forms is
achieved by pulling the sampled air through a diffusion
tube coated with the amphoteric sorbent, tungstic acid.
Thermal desorption releases NH3 as NH3 and HNO3
as NO2 for analysis in a standard chemiluminescence
NOx monitor.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Ammonia, 'Nitric acid,
Chemical analysis, Tungstic acids, Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Sorbents, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, Thermal desorption.
PB83-191213 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
ajigtePark, NC.
TunQjstJc Add for Prsconoertli Atlon and Detei IIIH
nation of Gaseous and Parttculate Ammonia and
NKrte Add In Ambient Air. Journal article,
University of South Florida, Tampa.
Robert S. Braman, Timothy J. Shelley, and William A.
McCtemy. c1982, 9p EPA-600/J-81-463
Grant EPA-R-806688
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n3 D358-3641982.
Tungstic acid surfaces chemisorb NH3 and HNO3.
Collection of these gases is possible by sampling with
a hollow tube the interior of which is coated with tung-
stic acid. Thermal desorption folkjwed by a simple sep-
aration and detection by a cnemiluminescent NOx an-
alyzer permits analyses at the ppb and lower concen-
tration range for gaseous and paniculate forms of the
analytes.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, 'Ammonia,
•Nitric acid, 'Aerosols, Tungstic acids, Chemical anal-
ysis, Chemisorption, Concentration(Composit)on), Re-
prints, 'Air pollution detection, Thermal desorption.
PB83-191221 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Fenvalerate In Flowing-Seawater
Exposure Studies. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
W. Peter Schoor, and Charles L McKenney, Jr. 1983,
11 p EPA-600/J-82-076, CONTRIB-434
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 30, p84-921983.
An analytical method is reported for the quantitative
determination of pydrin (fenvalerate) suitable for the
detection of small amounts of this compound in flow-
ing-water btoassays. The method utilizes the retention
of pydrin on Sep-Pak Cf 8 cartridges, subsequent ela-
tion and re-extraction, clean-up, and gas chromatogra-
phic analysis using capillary columns. By considering
factors such as, sample size and instrument sensitivity,
the Smrt of detection approached 0.02 micrograms of
pydrin in seawater.
Keywords: "Water analysts. Sea water, Gas Chroma-
tography, Insecticides, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Toxicrty, Laboratory equipment, Reprints, "Water pol-
lution eflects(Animals), 'Water poHubon detection.
PM3-191239 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxfctty, Btoconcentratton, and Persistence
of AC 222,705, Benthiocarb, Chkxpyrtfos, Fenva-
lerate, Methyl ParatMon, and Pemetnrin m the Es-
tuarlne Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Steven C. ScNmmel, Richard L Gamas, James M.
Patrick, Jr., and James C. Moore. 1983,11 p EPA-600/
J-62-030
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v31 n1
p104-113Jan-Feb83.
Six pesticides were evaluated in laboratory studies to
determine: acute (96-h) toxicity, octanol/water parti-
lion coefficients (Log P), solubility, and persistence in
seawater. In addition, three of the six pesticides (syn-
thetic pyrethroids) were tested using the eastern
oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in long-term (28 days)
tests to determine their respective noconcentration
factors (BCF). Acute toxicity tests provided the follow-
ing decreasing order of toxicity to estuarine crusta-
ceans and fishes: AC 222,705; fenvalerate, permethrin
chlorpyrifos, methyl paratnion, and benthiocarb.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Reprints, 'Pesticide residues,
Environmental persistence, 'Bioaccumutation, 'Water
pollution effacts(Animals), AC 222 705, Benthiocarb,
Chlorpyrifos, Fenvalerate, Methyl parathion, Permeth-
rin.
PB83-191247 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Effects of Linear Flow Velocity and Residence
Time on the Retention of Non-Polar Aqueous Or-
ganic Analytes by Cartridges of Tenax-GC. Journal
article,
Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton.
James F. Pankow, Lome M. Isabella, and Toni J.
Kristensen. C1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-306
Grant EPA-R-807898
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v245 P31-431982.
Strong evidence has been obtained which indicates
that film diffusion controls the retention of non-potar
organics of low aqueous solubility by the sorbent
Tenax-GC. Model compounds which have been stud-
ied in this context include the four U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency priority pollutants 0-dichloroben-
zene, 1,2,4-tnchkxobenzene, naphthalene, and hex-
achloro-l,3-butadiene. The data indicate that com-
pounds such as these have large aqueous retention
volumes en this sorbent. Once sorbed, little loss
occurs for mtcrograms/l concentrations and sample
volumes of several liters. Equations are developed
which predict the percent recovery as a function of car-
tridge dimensions and sample volume flow rate.
(Copyright (c) 1982 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Com-
pany).
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Diffusion, 'Environ-
mental surveys, 'Water analysis, Sorbents, Pesticides,
Naphthalene, Transport properties, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution. Reprints, 'Tenax GC resins, 'Water
pollution detection, Bervzene/dtchloro, Benzene/trich-
loro, Butadiene/hexachloro.
PB83-191387 PC A08/MF A01
Evaluation of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
proach Using the St Loub RAPS Data Base. Final
rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Gerald L Gipson. 1982,175p EPA-450/4-82-009
The use of three different approaches for evaluating
the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) are
described. The first two approaches consist of using
the model underlying EKMA to make predictions of
peak ozone for comparison with observations. In one
base, the detailed St Louis RAPS data base was used
to develop model inputs. In the second, a much more
simplified data base was used as the basis for model
inputs. In general, the simplified approach produced
better results. The final approach consisted of compar-
ing EKMA predictions of changes in ozone with those
of a more complex photochemical air quality simula-
tion model. EKMA did not agree with the complex
model over the entire range of evaluation. However,
when estimating the degree of control necessary to
lower peak ozone to the level of the standard, differ-
ences between EKMA and the complex model and
EKMA were usually less than 10%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Comparison, Photochemistry, 'EKMA
models, 'Air quality.
PB83-191395 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation of Samplers for Inhaled Parttculate
Matter. Final rept Nov 78-Nov 81,
California Dept of Health Services, Berkeley. Air and
Industrial Hygiene Lab. Section.
Walter John, Steven M. Wall, and Jerome J.
Wesotowski. Mar 83,89p EPA-600/4-83-010
GrantEPA-R-806414
Methods for the testing of new samplers for inhalable
particles have been developed and applied to the di-
chotomous sampler and the size-selective hi-vol. The
sampling effectiveness of the inlet to the dichotomous
sampler was measured and found to be excessively
dependent on wind speed. A modification to improve
the performance has been designed as a retrofit to the
existing inlet. Wall losses in the dichotomous sampler
were measured to be small. The fine fraction is found
to be correlated to error in nozzle concentricity which
is out of specifications in the typical commercial sam-
pler. Additional testing was carried out in ambient air
using an array of side-by-side samplers including two
dichotomous samplers, two Monocut samplers and
the AIHL cyclone.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Stand-
ards, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Design criteria, Dichotomous samplers, Size selective
hi-voTs samplers.
PB83-191403 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Volatile Organic Compounds In the Ambient At-
Jersey, New York Area.
mosphere of the New .
Final rept Oct 78-Sep 81,
New Jersey Inst of Tech., Newark.
Joseph W. Bozzelli, and Barbara B. Kebbekus. Apr 83,
249p EPA-600/3-83-022
Contract EPA-R-806271
From 1979 through 1981 data were collected on se-
lected volatile organics in the ambient atmosphere of
New Jersey and New York. The sites selected includ-
ed urban, suburban rural, and industrial areas: Newark,
Rutherford, South Amboy, Elizabeth, Camden and
Batsto Village in New Jersey. In addition, studies were
carried out on the sample trapping methodology, as
well as on the correlation of the data obtained with
wind direction during sampling. Generally, the aromatic
compounds, especially benzene, toluene and p-xylene
were the most common pollutants found and were
usually the most concentrated of the species deter-
mined. Levels were usually in the low parts per billion
range.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, New York, New Jersey,
Concentration(Composit)on), Tables(Data), Urban
areas, Rural areas. Industrial wastes, 'Volatile
compounds.
'Volatile organic
PB83-191437 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Pilot Plant Treatment of Add Mine Drainage by
Reverse Osmosis. Final rept. 21 May 73-15 Sep 75,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept of Chemical
Engineering.
G. Lansing Blackshaw, Alfred W. Pappano, Garth E.
Thomas, Jr., and Shun-Yung Cheng. Apr 83,138p
EPA-600/2-83-031
Contract EPA-68-03-0245
Studies were conducted at the EPA Crown Mine Drain-
age Control Field Site (a) to examine the performance
of a 227,000 Ipd (60,000 gpd) reverse osmosis (RO)
unit at recovery levels of 50 percent through 90 per-
cent for a variety of dominantiy ferrous iron acid mine
drainage (AMD) feed qualities, (b) to evaluate the fea-
sibility of using the neutrolosis process to treat AMD,
and (c) to determine the AMD treatment capability of a
coupled 18.9 1pm (5 gpm) sodium cycle cation ex-
change (CIX)/RO system.
Keywords: 'Ion exchanging, 'Water pollution control,
Performance evaluation. Pilot plants, Demineralizing,
Design criteria. Cations, 'Reverse osmosis, *A"^
mine drainage.
PB83-191452 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Tenax-GC Cartridge for Interfacing Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography with Adsorption/
Thermal Desorption for Determination of Trace
Organics. Journal article,
Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton.
James F. Pankow, Lome M. Isabelle, and Toni J.
Kristensen. C1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-305
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v4 p1815-18191982.
An interface which allows the thermal desorption of
large (about 5 cu m) Tenax-GC cartridges to fused
silica capillary gas Chromatography columns has been
developed and tested. The interface makes use of a
small Tenax-GC cartridge for intermediate trapping
1462 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and a secondary thermal desorption at 270C with a
carrier flow rate of 2.5 mL/min to transfer the analytes
to the subambient column. The determination of sever-
al nonpolar aqueous organic compounds including o-
dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and naph-
thalene at the ng/L level with + or - 2% precision is
demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Trace elements, Water pollution, Adsorption, Desorp-
tion, Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis, Water
pollution, Naphthalene, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, *Tenax GC resins, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Thermal desorption, Benzene/dichloro, Ben-
zene/trichloro.
PB83-191460 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Accumulation of Hexachlorobenzene
In Adipose Tissue of Parent and Filial Rats. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ralph Under, Thomas Edgerton, David Svendsgaard,
and Robert Moseman. c1§83,10p EPA-600/J-82-178
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 15,237-2431983.
The concentrations pf hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in
adipose tissue were similar for FO and Fib generations
in rats fed 20 ppm HCB until 45 weeks of age. Nullipar-
ous females receiving treatment equivalent to the
HCB-treated FO generation rapidly accumulated HCB
in their fat and, by 13 weeks of age, the residue values
coalesced with values in 13-week-old Fla females
which had received additional HCB via the placenta
and milk. Between 13 and 30 weeks of age, steady-
state storage was approached and no significant in-
crease in HCB concentrations occurred through 65
weeks of age. Postlactation dams, that nursed aver-
age size second litters had considerably lower concen-
trations of HCB in their fat than dams weaning no
pups, suggesting substantial redistribution and/or
elimination of maternal stores during lactation.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Tissues(Btology), Residues, Reprints. Adipose tissue,
'Bioaccumulation, 'Benzene/hexachloro.
PB83-191478 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Validation of Data Obtained during Exposure of
Human Volunteers to Air Pollutants. Journal article,
Rockwell International, Chapel Hill, NC. Environmental
Monitoring and Services Center.
Donald E. Glover, Robert G. Hall, Richard J. Trilling,
and Arthur W.Coston. C1982,13pEPA-600/J-82-179
Pub. in Computers and Biomedical Research 15, p240-
249 1982.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducts
research at their Clinical Environmental Laboratory to
determine the effects of gaseous and paniculate pol-
lutants on volunteer human subjects. Procedures for
the validation and management of data acquired from
this facility are described, which ensure that data are
both scientifically sound and legally defensible. The
procedures conform to all applicable EPA quality con-
trol guidelines and provide a 'chain-pf-custody' record
for the data capable of demonstrating that no unau-
thorized changes or deletions have occurred.
Keywords: 'Data collection, Humans, Gases, Validity,
Exposure, Reprints, Particulates, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-1S1486 PC A02/MF A01
Visual System Dysfunction Following Acute Trt-
methyttln Exposure In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Robert S. Dyer, William E. Howell, and William F.
Wonderiin. 1982, 8p EPA-600/J-82-118
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
p191-1951982.
Trimethyttin (TMT) has been shown to produce
damage in the limbic system and several other brain
areas. To date, damage to sensory systems has not
been reported. The present study investigated the in-
tegrity of the visual system following acute exposure to
TMT. Rats were chronically implanted with electrodes
for recording the evoked response from either the
visual cortex or optic tract following photic stimulation.
Following recovery, the animals were exposed to
either 0 (saline), 4, 5, 6, or 7 mg/kg trimethyltin chlo-
ride (TMT). Evoked potentials were averaged and
peak-to-peak amplitudes and latencies were deter-
mined. The results indicated that exposure to TMT pro-
duces alterations in the visual evoked response. The
pattern changes suggested two effects, an alteration
in tetinal processing and an alteration in arousal. The
manifestation of these changes was an increase in
early peak latencies recorded from the visual cortex
and the optic tract, a decreased amplitude recorded
from the visual cortex and optic tract early peaks (all
suggestive of retinal changes) and a decreased P3N3
amplitude and N3 latency recorded from the visual
cortex (suggestive of increased arousal). The results
demonstrate that TMT does produce alterations in
sensory systems as well as in the limbic system.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Visual perception, Brain, Ex-
posure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, *Tin/tri-
methyl, Evoked responses.
PB83-191494 PC A02/MF A01
Trlmethyltln-lnduced Changes In Gross Morpholo-
gy of the Hippocampus. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert S. Dyer, Teresa L. Deshields, and William F.
Wonderiin. 1982,10pEPA-600/J-82-119
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
P141-147 1982.
Acute exposure to trimethyltin (TMT) produces alter-
ations in hippocampal morphology. The purpose of this
study was to arrive at a simple method for quantitative
assessment of the gross changes in morphology
which could then be used as a correlate in studies of
TMT toxicity. Adult Long-Evans male hooded rats were
treated with a single dose of TMT chloride and sacri-
ficed either (a) within 11 days; (b) following 30 days; or
(c) 105 days following treatment. Among a variety of
morphological measures explored, the easiest and
most clearly dosage-related was length of the line of
pyramidal cells, from CA1 through CA3c. TMT short-
ened this line in a dosage and time since treatment in-
creased. It was concluded that this measurement may
provide a useful morphological correlate for physiolog-
ical and behavioral studies of TMT toxicity.
Keywords: 'Hippocampus, 'Toxicology, Morphology,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Degeneration, Reprints,
'Tm/trimethyl.
PB83-191502 PC A02/MF A01
Triethyltln: Ambient Temperature Afters Visual
System Toxicity. Journal article,
Hearth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert S. Dyer, and William E. Howell. 1982,8p EPA-
600/J-82-120
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
P267-271 1982.
Previous studies have indicated that acute exposure to
triethyltin (TET) increases latencies of the flash
evoked response (VER) recorded from the rat cortex.
TET also produces hypothermia, which may be modi-
fied by altering environmental (ambient) temperature.
In this study, the role of ambient temperature in deter-
mining the effects of acute TET upon the VER was ex-
amined. Rats with chronically implanted electrodes
were administered either TET (6mg/kg) or saline, and
maintained in either a warm (30C) or cool (22C) envi-
ronment for the next 7 hrs. VERs were recorded during
this 7 hr period, and at regular intervals for the next 2
weeks. TET increased VER peak latencies. VER peak
latencies recorded from animals exposed to TET in a
warm room remained elevated for a longer period of
time, thus indicating a more severe impact of the TET
exposure. This study indicates that toxicant induced al-
terations in core temperature are potential determi-
nants of other toxicant-induced effects.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Visual perception, Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Hypothermia, Ambient temperature,
Reprints, *Tin/triethyl, Evoked responses.
PB83-191510 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Triethyltin Exposure: Effects on the Visual
Evoked Potential and Hippocampal Afterdis-
charge. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert S. Dyer, and William E. Howell. 1982, 9p EPA-
600/J-82-121 K
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
P259-2661982.
Acute administration of triethyltin (TET) produces a
well-described sequence of pathological events char-
acterized by intramyelinic vacuolation, edema, and his-
totoxic hypoxia. Recent behavioral studies have at-
tempted to characterize the functional consequences
of TET exposures. In this study, the effects of expo-
sure on the visual evoked response (VER) and hippo-
campal afterdischarge (AD) were determined. Rats
were administered either 0, 0.188, 0.375, 0.75, or 1.50
mg/kg TET bromide IP each day for 6 consecutive
days. TET increased latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2, and
N3 peaks of the VER. The increased latencies are con-
sistent with delayed conduction produced by alter-
ations in the myelin of the optic nerve. TET increased
the frequency of spikes within ADs, increased the se-
verity of postrctal EEG depressions, and prolonged re-
covery of excitability following ADs. These effects may
be partially explained as reflecting a generalized CNS
depression.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Brain, Exposure, Hippocam-
pus, Reprints, *Tin/triethyl, Evoked responses.
PB83-191528 PC A02/MF A01
Trlmethyltln-lnduced Hyperactlvlty: Time Course
and Pattern. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Patricia H. Ruppert, Thomas J. Walsh, Lawrence W.
Reiter, and Robert S. Dyer. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-
132
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
p135-139 1982.
Adult male Long-Evans rats were intubated with either
0,5,6, or 7 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride. Activity was
measured for 1 hr in a figure-eight maze 2 hr after
dosing (day 0) and again on days 4,8,16 and 32 after
dosing. On days 49-51, activity was measured in a
figure-eight maze over a 23-hr period. There were no
differences in activity on the day of dosing, but on all
subsequent test days the 7 mg/kg TMT animals were
hyperactive. TMT also altered the spatial pattern of ac-
tivity: activity was increased in the 'figure-eight1 portion
of the maze but not in the blind alleys. Activity of the 7
mg/kg TMT animals was increased during all periods
in the 23-hr test. Decreases in the length of the pyrami-
dal cell line (CA1 to CA3c of the hippocampus) con-
firmed neuronal cell loss in TMT-dosed rats.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Reprints, *Tin/chloride-trimethyl, 'Hyperac-
tivrty.
PB83-191536 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Neonatal Organotin Exposure Alters
Radial-Arm Maze Performance In Adult Rats. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Diane B. Miller, David A. Eckerman, Martin R. Krigman,
and Lester D. Grant. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-82-138
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicolgy and Teratology, v4
p185-1901982.
Long-Evans rats were intubated with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg
of triethyltin sulfate (TET) or 0.3 mg/kg of trimethyltin
hydroxide (TMT) from postnatal day 3-29,1.0 mg/kg of
TMT was given on alternate days beginning on postna-
tal day 3. Learning and memory were assessed in an
automated radial-arm maze when the rats were 180-
200 days old. With this maze accuracy and activity
data can be collected simultaneously. TET or TMT
treatment resulted in an increase in the number of
days required to adequately perform the radial-arm
maze task, and a transient deficit in accuracy. Howev-
er, the most pronounced effect in both TET and TMT
treated animals was hyperactivity which became mani-
fest on the second day of testing and persisted
throughout the remainder of testing.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Learning, Memory, Reprints, 'Tin/sulfate-triethyl, 'Hy-
peractivity.
December 1983 1463
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-191544 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Adsorption-Thermal Desorption as a Method lor
the Determination of Low Levels of Aqueous Or-
ganic*. Journal article,
Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton.
James F. Pankow, and Lome M. Isabella. C1982,19p
EPA-600/J-82-304
Grant EPA-R-807898
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography,v237 p25-39 1982.
Adsorption followed by thermal desorption (ATD) with
Tenax GC is an effective analytical tool for the precon-
centration analysis of water samples containing micro-
grams/kg quantities of the three United States Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 'Priority Pol-
lutants' p-dichlorobenzene, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene,
and 2-chloronaphthalene.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water analysis,
'Desorption, Sampling, Chlorine organic compounds,
Water pollution, Centrifuging, Chemical analysis, Pesti-
cides, Reprints, "Tenax GC resins, 'Thermal desorp-
tion, 'Water pollution detection, Benzene/dichloro,
Butadiene/hexachloro, Naphthalene/chloro.
PB83-191601 PC A08/MF A01
Benefits and Implementation Potential of
Wastewater Aquaculture.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
May 82,164p'
This study has attempted to analyze the benefits and
constraints of wastewater aquaculture technology In
order to provide Information and recommendations
that may further the development of this technology.
Keywords: 'Aquaculture, 'Waste water, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Benefit cost analysis, Constraints, Design,
operations, By products, Climatology, Hydrogeology,
Financing, Swamps, Land use, Government policies,
Fertilizers, Economic factors, Blomass, Aquatic ani-
mals.
PB83-192088 PC A08/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK. Alaska Re-
gional Office.
Gravel Removal Guideline* Manual for Arctic and
Subarctic Floodplalns. Final rept. 1975-80,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Anchorage, AK.
M. R. Joyce, L. A. Rundquist, and L. L. Moulton. Jun
80,170p FWS/OBS-80/09
Contract DI-14-16-0008-970
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Interagency Energy-Envi-
ronment Research and Development Program.
A 5-year investigation of the effects of floodplain
gravel mining on the physical and biological character-
istics of river systems in arctic and subarctic Alaska is
described. Twenty-five sites were studied within four
geographic regions. The sites were selected such that
within each of the regions the group of sites exhibited a
wide range of river and mining characteristics. The
field data collection program covered the major disci-
plines of hydrology/hydraulics, aquatic biology, water
quality, and terrestrial biology. In addition, geotechni-
cal engineering, and aesthetics site reviews were con-
ducted.
Keywords: 'Gravel, 'Mining, 'Flood plains, Manuals,
Streams, Pits(Excavations), Environmental impacts,
Hydrology, Hydraulic models, Aquatic biology, Design,
Alaska.
PB83-192096 PC A19/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK. Alaska Re-
gional Office.
Gravel Removal Studies In Arctic and Subarctic
Floodplalns In Alaska. Technical rept. 1975-80
(Final).
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Anchorage, AK.
Jun 80,431 p FWS/OBS-80/08
Contract DI-14-16-0008-970
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Interagency Energy-Envi-
ronment Research and Development Program.
A 5-year investigation of the effects of floodplain
gravel mining on the physical and biological character-
istics of river systems in arctic and subarctic Alaska is
described. Twenty-five sites were studied within four
geographic regions. The sites were selected such that
within each of the regions the group of sites exhibited a
wide range of river and mining characteristics. The
field data collection program covered the major disci-
plines of hydrology/ hydraulics, aquatic biology, water
quality, and terrestrial biology. In addition, geotechni-
cal engineering, and aesthetics site reviews were con-
ducted
Keywords: 'Gravel, 'Mining, 'Flood plains, 'Environ-
mental impacts, 'Arctic regions, Pits(Excavations), Re-
moval, Marine biology, Ecology, Hydrology, Design,
Aquatic biology, Esthetics, Hydraulic models, Alaska,
Sites.
PB83-192245 PC A02/MF A01
Methods 6 and 7 Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Revisions - Background Information.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Dec 82,18pEPA-450/3-82-017
This document serves as background information for
the proposed revisions to Methods 6 and 7. Data are
included to substantiate the recommended revisions
and information is provided to aid testers in minimizing
analytical inaccuracies.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control, 'Gas
analysis, 'Air pollution, Revisions, Auditing, Error anal-
ysis, Standards, *EPA method 6, *EPA method 7, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB83-192385 PC A17/MF A01
Background Information Document Proposed
Standards for Radlonuclldes. Draft rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 83,390p EPA-520/1-83-001
This report presents background information that sup-
ports the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
proposed emission standards for radionuclides pursu-
ant to Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. An analysis of
public health impacts from the following source cate-
gories is presented: (1) Department of Energy (DOE)
facilities, (2) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-li-
censed and non-DOE Federal facilities, (3) coal-fired
utility and Industrial boilers, (4) uranium mines, (5)
phosphate Industry facilities, and (6) mineral extraction
Industry facilities. For each source category, the fol-
lowing Information is presented: (1) a general descrip-
tion of the source category, (2) a brief description of
the processes that lead to the emission of radionu-
clides Into air, (3) a summary of emissions data, and (4)
estimates of radiation doses and health risks to both
individuals and populations.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminates, 'Public health,
Standards, Radon, Radioactivity, Clean Air Act, 'Envi-
ronment protection, 'Radionuclide migration, Health
risks, Uranium mines, nuclear facilities, Mineral indus-
try, Health hazards, Radiation doses.
PB83-192757 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Michigan's Critical Materials Register Methods
for Data Collection ad Analysis. Final rept.,
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing.
Linn Duling, and Jillann Koebbe. Oct 82, 379p EPA-
905/9-83-001
Grant EPA-CS-806855-01
This publication contains a discussion of Michigan's
Critical Materials Program and its continued develop-
ment under a Toxic Substances Control Act coopera-
tive agreement provided by the U.S. EPA. Information
presented includes the need, authorization and devel-
opment of a list of toxic substances of environmental
concern, which in Michigan is the Critical Materials
Register, and the utilization of the Register in Michigan
as it applies to industrial discharges of wastewater.
This information is intended to aid local, state, and fed-
eral governmental agencies in developing a program
to evaluate the use and discharge of toxic substances.
Although the scope of this report is designed to de-
scribe a system of evaluating the use and discharge of
toxic substances by industrial wastewater dischargers,
the program could be expanded or adapted to evalu-
ate toxic substances discharges to the atmosphere or
in solid waste disposal also. It is primarily directed
toward governmental agencies that do not presently
have a toxic substances evaluation program, however,
it should also provide useful insights for those agen-
cies that already have existing programs.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Water pollution,
Michigan, State government, National government.
Solid waste disposal, Air pollution, Industrial wastes,
'Toxic substances, 'Critical materials register.
PB83-192815 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Study of Selected State and Local Air Toxics Con-
trol Stategles. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Alice S. Pelland, Suzanne J. Call, and Glynda E.
Wilkins. Oct 82,230p RAD-82-240-016-21-10, EPA-
450/5-83-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
This project was initiated with the objective of provid-
ing a report describing state and local programs for
controlling toxic air pollutants. The report is designed
to serve as a resource for agencies who wish to devel-
op air toxics control strategies. Studies were made of
air toxics programs in Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, Kentucky, Texas, California, Illinois, and Phila-
delphia. The report consists of a summary comparing
the eight programs and a detailed description of each
program. Development of all eight programs was initi-
ated as a result of the recognition of potential adverse
health effects resulting from exposure to toxic sub-
stances in the ambient air. The programs studied have
four general functions in common: (1) air toxics control
implemented via existing criteria pollutant permitting
system, (2) collection of information on substances
that will be emitted from sources being permitted, (3)
determination of the quantity of toxic emissions allow-
able, and (4) conservation of agency resources in
order to focus efforts on the most hazardous emis-
sions of air toxics.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Hazardous materi-
als, State government, Exposure, Public health, Michi-
gan, New Jersey, New York, Kentucky, California,
Texas, Illinois, Industrial wastes, 'Toxic substances,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvanla).
PB83-192856 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Region
VIII Guide to the Development of an Industrial
Pretreatment Program: The Rapid City, South
Dakota Approach. Final rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Mar 83, 212p EPA-908/3-83-001
Contract EPA-68-01-6514
This document presents a simplified approach to a
publicly owned treatment work s (POTWs) develop-
ment of an Industrial Pretreatment Program within the
requirements of the General Pretreatment Program
Regulations at 40 CFR 403. The document also in-
cludes an example of an actual program developed for
the City of Rapid City, South Dakota.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewers, 'Indus-
trial wastes, 'Guidelines, Recirculation, South Dakota,
Sludges, Regulations, Law enforcement, Cost analy-
sis, Licenses, "EPA region 8, 'Publicly owned
wastewater treatment, 'Waste water reuse, Rapid
City(South Dakota).
PB83-192872 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Compilation of Three Dimensional Carbon Monox-
ide Concentrations In Mecklenburg County, North
Carolina. Final rept. Mar 82-Mar 83.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Mar 83,119p
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
Report documents a graphic presentation of predicted
carbon monoxide levels for certain intersections and a
one block street section in Mecklenburg County, North
Carolina. The three-dimensional graphs indicate where
violations of the 8-hour carbon monoxide standard
might occur. The graphs include various emission con-
trol strategies to be implemented In Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina.
1464 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollution, Exhaust
emissions, Concentration(Composition), Graphic
methods, North Carolina, Tables(Data). Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina.
PB83-192880 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Zooplankton Community Composition In Near-
shore Waters of Southern Lake Michigan. Final
rept,
Michigan Univ., Pellston. Biological Station.
John E. Gannon, F. James Bricker, and Kathryn S.
Bricker. Mar 83,140p EPA-905/3-82-001
Grant EPA-R-005337
See also PB83-192898.
Zooplankton samples collected in 1977 in the near-
shore waters of southern Lake Michigan (0.4 km from
shore) were analyzed to provide a bench mark on zoo-
plankton community composition for comparison with
future studies. Species composition, abundance, and
distribution were investigated to determine the appar-
ent response of the Zooplankton community to water
quality conditions. It is difficult to establish long-term
trends on changes in Zooplankton community compo-
sition commensurate with known changes in water
quality in the nearshore waters of southern Lake Michi-
gan because of the lack of historical Zooplankton data.
Keywords: 'Zooplankton, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution,
•Lake Michigan, Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Trends, Environmental impacts, Mixing, Harbors,
Plankton, Turbidity, 'Eutrophication, Rotifers.
PB83-192898 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Zooplankton Community Composition In Green
Bay, Lake Michigan. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Pellston. Biological Station.
John E. Gannon, Kathryn S. Bricker, and F. James
Bricker. Mar 83,95p EPA-905/3-82-002
Grant EPA-R-005340
See also PB83-192880.
Zooplankton samples collected in northern Green Bay
in 1977 were analyzed to evaluate present water qual-
ity and to provide a benchmark on zooplankton com-
munity composition for comparison with future studies.
Species composition, abundance and distribution were
Investigated to determine the apparent response of
the zooplankton community to water quality condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Zooplankton, 'Water pollution,
•Lake Michigan, Abundance, Distribution(Property),
Trends, Crustacea, Plankton, "Eutrophication, Ro-
tifers.
PB83-193060
PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Laser Enhanced lonlzatlon In Flames. Final rept..
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
J. R. Devoe, J. C. Travis, G. C. Turk, and S. J. Weeks.
Mar 83,38p NBSIR-83-2668
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report describes the discovery of laser enhanced
lonlzation in flames along with a description of re-
search on the mechanisms of signal production and
collection. Early experiments on the method's use for
complex sample analysis are described. Results of this
research predict that two photon-two wavelength laser
enhanced ionizatton will produce detection limits at the
10 parts per trillion level in solution for most elements.
Laser excitation provides high selectivity so that the
method can be predicted to have high accuracy.
Keywords: 'Flames, Excitations, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Laser enhanced ionization, Laser spectroscopy.
PB83-193219 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ctesed-Cycle Textile Dyeing: Full-Scale Hyptrfll-
tratton Demonstration. Final rept. Sep 80-Mar 82.
La France Industries, SC.
Apr 83,109p EPA-600/2-83-027
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC., and Office of Water Research and Technolo-
gy, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation with
CARRE, Inc., Seneca, SC.
The report gives results of a project of joining a full-
scale dynamic-membrane hyperfiltration (HF) system
with an operating dye range. (HF is a membrane sepa-
ration technique that has been used successfully to
desalinate natural water. The dye range is a multi-pur-
pose unit with a variety of effluents from preparation
and dyeing of textile fabrics.) The project follows a
series of government-sponsored investigations of re-
cycling of the large quantities of energy, process
chemicals, and water discharged from industrial proc-
esses.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Dyeing, Membranes, Re-
circulation, Water pollution control, Chemical com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Pilot plants, 'Hyperfiltration,
'Waste recycling, Energy conservation.
PB83-193284 PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Remedial Actions at Hazardous Waste Sites:
Survey and Case Studies. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Covington, KY.
N. Neely, D. Gillespie, F. Schauf, and J. Walsh. Jan 81,
243pEPA-430/9-81-05
Contract EPA-68-01-4885
With the passage of Superfund legislation providing for
the clean-up of environmental hazards at uncontrolled
waste disposal sites, information is needed on types of
remedial actions that have been implemented to date,
as well as their effectiveness and cost. This report pro-
vides this information by presenting the results of the
nationwide survey of 169 such remedial action sites.
More specific information on nine of these sites is pro-
vided in the form of detailed case studies, also con-
tained in this material.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Water pollution, 'Waste waters, Sites, Surveys,
Earth fills, Hazardous materials spills, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB83-193334 PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluation of Filter Feeding Fishes for Removing
Excessive Nutrients and Atone from Wastewater.
Final rept. 1977-80.
Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Lonoke.
Scott Henderson. Mar 83,74p EPA-600/2-83-019
Grant EPA-R-805453
The feasibility of utilizing finf ish for the removal and re-
Cycling of excessive nutrients and algae from
wastewater was investigated. The silver carp (Hy-
popthalmichthyes molitrix) and the bighead carp (Aris-
tichthyes nobilis) were chosen due to their specifically
adapted filter feeding mechanism. An existing
wastewater treatment plant with six lagoons served as
the project site. The presence of the fish had a benefi-
cial effect on the aquatic system. In all, 14 water qual-
ity parameters along with selected heavy metals, pesti-
cides, pathogenic bacteria, and viruses were moni-
tored during the project.
Keywords: 'Carp, 'Nutrients, 'Sewage treatment,
•Aquaculture, Feasibility, Filtration, Lagoons(Ponds),
Production, Revenue, Monitoring, Metals, Pesticides,
Bacteria, Viruses, Evaluation, Tradeoffs, Hypopthal-
michthyes molitrix, Aristichthyes nobilis.
PB83-193474 PC A02/MF A01
Biological Effects of Long-Term Exposure of Rats
to 970-MHz Radlofrequency Radiation. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. C. M. Weil, P. Marsh, M. M. Riddle,
and R. R. Rogers. C1981,9p EPA-600/J-81-079
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 2, p279-2841981.
Rats (N=16) exposed individually in circularly polar-
ized waveguides to 970-MHz electromagnetic radi-
ation (SAR=2.5 mW/g, 22 h daily for 70 consecutive
days) had significantly higher serum levels of triglycer-
ides, albumin, and total protein compared with sham-ir-
radiated controls. No difference was observed In the
weights, hematologic profile, or in vitro lymphocyte re-
sponses to mltogens between these two groups. The
higher serum levels of triglycerides In radiofrequency-
radiation-exposed rats suggest a nonspecific stress re-
action.
Keywords: 'Radio frequencies, 'Radiation effects,
•Electromagnetic radiation, Exposure, Rats, Laborato-
ry animals, Blood serum, Repnnts, 'Biological effects.
PB83-193482 PC A02/MF A01
Exposure of Rats to 425-MHz (CW) Radlofrequen-
cy Radiation: Effects on Lymphocytes. Journal ar-
ticle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ralph J. Smialowicz, Claude M. Weil, James B. Kinn,
and Joe A. Elder. C1982,14p EPA-600/J-82-310
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power 17(3), p211-221 1982.
Four experiments were performed in which six preg-
nant rats were exposed from day 12 of pregnancy to
parturition, for 4 hours a day in a temperature-con-
trolled environment, to 425-MHz (CW) radiation, using
a multimode rectangular strip transmission line. Four
male pups bom to each dam were subsequently irradi-
ated under the same RF exposure condition for 20-21
days of age (2 pups) and 40-41 days of age (2 pups).
Specific absorption rates (SARs) for rats of different
ages were determined by twin-well calorimetry as well
as from calculations of power measurements of inci-
dent, reflected, and transmitted energy. Values of
SARs between 3.1 and 6.7 mW/g were obtained for
rats so exposed at 425 MHz. At selected times, rats
were weighed to determine if the irradiation affected
growth. Two rats from each litter (4 pups) were euthan-
ized at 20-21 and two at 40-41 days of age and blood
was obtained for complete blood counts. The in vitro
blastogenic response of blood and lymphnode lym-
phocytes was measured by H-thymidine incorporation
into DNA following stimulation of cells with T- or B-lym-
phocyte mitogens.
Keywords: 'Radio frequencies, 'Electromagnetic radi-
ation, 'Radiation effects, Lymphocytes, Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Blood cells, Exposure, Reprints.
PB83-193490 PC A02/MF A01
Enhancement of Experimental Respiratory Infec-
tion following Nickel Inhalation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Adkins, Jr., J. H. Richards, and D. E. Gardner.
C1979,13p EPA-600/J-79-150
Pub. in Environmental Research 20, p33-42 1979.
The effects of nickel chloride inhalation on the en-
hancement of experimentally induced streptococcal
infections were studied. Exposure to nickel chloride for
2 hr produced significant enhancement in mortality.
This response was observed for 24 hr after the nickel
chloride exposure. A delayed clearance response of
inhaled streptococci, also observed in the nickel-treat-
ed mice, supported the mortality data. Several param-
eters involving pulmonary cells obtained by in situ
lavage 24 hr after nickel chloride exposure were also
studied; no reduction in total cell yield, viability, or cel-
lular composition was observed. A significant reduc-
tion in phagocytic capability, as compared to that of
control animal cells, was observed in alveolar macro-
phages obtained 24 hr after nickel chloride exposure.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, 'Nickel chloride,
Respiration, Streptococcal infections, Mortality, Re-
sponses, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-193508 PC A02/MF A01
Confidentiality and Freedom of Information for
Epidemiologies! Data In Governmental Research.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gerald J. Nehls, Carl G. Hayes, and William C. Nelson.
C1981,10p EPA-600-J-81-619
Pub. in Environmental Research 25, p160-166 1981.
The issues of confidentiality and freedom of informa-
tion are discussed for studies involving hearth surveil-
lance around point sources of pollution. The problems
discussed are related to protecting data after a study
has been initiated. Research studies describing the
impact of confidentiality on response rates are dis-
cussed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
current and proposed procedures for handling and re-
December 1983 1465
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
leasing these data are presented. These can be used
by other agencies in defining their security procedures.
Copyrightfc) 1981 by Academic Press, Inc.
Keywords: "Information systems, 'Security, Research
projects, National government, Epidemiology, Legisla-
tion, Pollution, Reprints.
PB83-193516 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Evaluation of Selected Gaseous Halocarbons for
Use In Source Test Performance Audits,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. B. Howe, R. K. M. Jayanty, W. F. Gutknecht, C. E.
Decker, and D. J. vonLehmden. 1983,16p EPA-600/
D-83-034
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
A repository of 38 gaseous organic compounds in
compressed gas cylinders has been established by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This repository
was established to provide standards for source test
performance audits, that is, quantitative quality assur-
ance tests. Among these compounds are ten haloge-
nated organic species, which are the focus of this
study. These compounds are: chloroform, 1,2-dichlor-
oethlene, trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene,
perchloroethylene, vinyl chloride, methylene chloride,
carbon tetrachloride, freon 113, and 1,1,1-trichloroeth-
ane. Stability studies of all ten compounds have been
performed to determine the feasibility of using them as
performance audit standards. Results indicate that all
of the halocarbons tested are adequately stable to be
used as reliable audit standards. Also included are
source test performance audit results using these ha-
locarbons.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, "Quality assurance, "Air pol-
lution, "Standards, Performance standards, Auditing,
Chemical analysis, Organic compounds, Stability,
Chloroform, Vinyl chloride, Chloromethanes, Carbon
tetrachloride, Feasibility, "Air pollution detection, Eth-
ylene/dichloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/perch-
loro, Freon 113, Ethane/tri chloro.
PB83-193524 PC A02/MF A01
Automated Cryogenic Sampling and Gas Chroma-
tographic Analysis of Ambient Vapor-Phase Or-
ganic Compounds: System Design,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Joachim D. Pleil, and William A. McClenny. 1983,15p
EPA-600/D-83-035
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
An automated system for unattended repetitive sam-
pling and analysis of volatile organic compounds has
been designed and a prototype constructed. The sam-
pling/analysis scheme involves reduced temperature
preconcentration o1 analytes from whole air with sub-
sequent thermal desorption and capillary column gas
chromatographic analysis. This paper presents the
hardware configuration, timing cycles ana overall func-
tional integration of the system. The compact sample
collection/injection package is described and data are
given to show temperature change rates and plateau
stability for the various heated and cooled analytic
zones. The system is based on modified commercially-
available equipment and is ultimately intended for
semi-real time monitoring from a manifold or as a cen-
trally located laboratory instrument for analyzing air
samples collected in the field.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Gas analysis, Gas
chromatography, Design criteria, Sampling, Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Laboratory equipment, "Vola-
tile organic compounds, "Air pollution detection.
PB83-193532 PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring for Mutagenlclty with Plants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Shahbeg Sandhu. 1983, 23p EPA-600/D-83-037
Although plants have historically been important in the
development of genetic principles and the illustration
of the hazards of ionizing radiation, plants have not
been adequately utilized when evaluating the rnuta-
genic or presumptive carcinogenic effects of environ-
mental chemicals. For testing under field conditions (in
situ monitoring), few test organisms offer the advan-
tages provided.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Bioassay, Models, Re-
prints, "Biomonitoring, Bioindicators, "Mutagenesis.
PB83-193540 PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Volatile Organic Contaminants from
Ground Water by Adsorption,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
O. Thomas Love, Jr., and Richard J. Miltner. 1983,19p
EPA-600/D-83-036
Proceedings of Atlantic Workshop on Organic Con-
tamination of Ground Water (1st), AWWA/IWSA,
Nashville, TN., December 1982.
Laboratory and field studies are underway to deter-
mine the effectiveness of activated carbon for remov-
ing volatile organic compounds from ground water. For
fifteen C1 through C6 compounds being considered
for possible regulatory action, the adsorption isotherm
capacity ranges from approximately 1 to 125 mg com-
pound/gram activated carbon, at an equilibrium con-
centration of 500 microgram/L. Because ground
waters are typically low in background organic carbon,
these adsorption isotherm data look promising for esti-
mating adsorber performance. Additionally, physical
and molecular properties of a contaminant may pro-
vide practical insight into its treatment by adsorption.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution control,
"Adsorption, "Activated carbon treatment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Chloromethanes, Carbon tetrachlo-
ride, Benzene, Chlorine organic compounds, "Volatile
organic compounds, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethane/trichloro, Ben-
zene/chloro, Benzene/dichloro, Benzene/trichloro.
PB83-1935S7 PC A04/MF A01
14-C-Naphthyl, 14-C-Methyl and 14-C-Carbonyl
Carbaryl Distribution In the Pregnant Mouse and
Rat,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. Diane Courtney, James E. Andrews, and Margaret
A. Grady. 1983, 60p EPA-600/D-83-038
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The distribution of carbaryl labeled with 14C in the ring,
methyl or carbonyl groups was determined in pregnant
mice and rats. Three identical concurrent experiments
were performed using each of the three radiolabeled
compounds in each of the species so that the different
moieties of carbaryl could be traced through maternal
tissues and across the placenta to the fetus for both
assay of activity and identification of carbaryl. Follow-
ing a single dose in the maternal tissues, the concen-
tration of carbaryl HC-equivalents peaked at 1-2
hours and declined steadily to 24 hours for all three
labels in the mice. In rats, the naphthyl label concen-
tration declined steadily for 24 hours but not that of the
methyl or carbonyl label. The naphthyl label was the
best estimator of carbaryl concentration in both mice
and rats. In the fetuses and placentas of mice and rats
both carbaryl and metabolites were detected. The fe-
tuses and placentas retained the methyl and carbonyl
labeled groups and use of these labels could result in
erroneously high estimates of carbaryl.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Distribution, Mice, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Fetuses, Bioassay, Carbon 14, Paren-
teral infusions, Pregnancy, "Carbaryl, Labelled sub-
stances, Metabolites.
PB83-193S65 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Mutagenlc and Carcinogenic Potency of Extracts
of Diesel and Related Environmental Emissions:
Two-Stage Csrclnogeneslt In Skin Tumor Sensi-
tive Mice (Sencar). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. J. Slaga, L. L. Triplet!, and Stephen Nesnow. c1982,
10p EPA-600/J-81-620
Contract W-7405-eng-26
Pub. in Environmental International, v5 p417-423
1981. Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge Nation-
al Lab., TN.
Skin tumors can be induced by the sequential applica-
tion of a subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation
phase), followed by repetitive treatment with a noncar-
cinogenic tumor promoter. There is a very good dose-
response relationship between the induction of the
number of papillomas per mouse at early times (10 to
20 weeks) by either tumor initiators and promoters and
the final carcinoma incidence after a longer latency (20
to 50 weeks) in SENCAR mice. This system not only
can be used to determine the tumor initiating and pro-
moting activities of a compound but if the agent is
given repeatedly by itself one can also determine if it is
a completercarcinogen, i.e., if it has both tumor initiat-
ing and promoting activity.
Keywords: "Exhaust gases, "Toxicology, Laboratory
animals, Extracts, Neoplasms, Skin(Anatqmy), Mice,
Reprints, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Carcinogenesis,
"Mutagenesis, Toxic substances.
PB83-193599 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the Union Carbide Puraslv (Trade
Name) HR Vapor Recover System. Final rept. Mar
80-Jun81,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Charles S. Parmele, Harold S. asdekis, and Michael R.
Clark. Apr 83, 81 p EPA-600/2-83-014
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
The goal of this study was to perform an engineering
evaluation of a new fluidized-bed adsorption technolo-
gy that was developed in Japan. This technology has
been licensed by Union Carbide and is now being mar-
keted in the United States, under the name PURASIV
HR Vapor Recovery System. Since this technology
allows the use of nitrogen to regenerate the carbon,
the need for additional steps to separate water-misci-
ble solvents from the water may be reduced. The engi-
neering evaluation was developed by performing field
tests on a full-scale PURASIV HR unit at Polaroid Cor-
poration, Waltham, Massachusetts. These data were
supplemented by operating information from a PURA-
SIV HR system at General Motors Corporation, Fre-
mont, California. Capital and operating costs were
then developed for both PURASIV HR and fixed-bed
adsorption systems. Technical comparisons between
the two types of adsorption systems were also made.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processing, "Adsorption,
"Air pollution control, Technology, Permits, Field tests,
Recirculation, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Licenses, Cost
analysis, Comparison, * PURASIV HR vapor recovery
systems, Foreign technology.
PB63-193615 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Costs of Paniculate Matter Controls for Nonfossll
Fuel Fired Boilers. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Kerth W. Barnett, William D. Kwapil. and Suzanne C.
Margerum. Feb 83,122p EPA-450/3-83-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
This report is a resource document for the develop-
ment of Federal standards of performance for control
of paniculate matter from new nonfossil fuel-fired boil-
ers ranging in size from 30 to 400 million Btu/hour heat
input. Capital and annualized costs for a variety of al-
ternative emission control systems are given for wood,
bark, solid waste (refuse), and bagasse fired boilers.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, "Cost
analysis, "Boilers, Capitalized costs, Biomass, Wood
wastes, Bark, Operating costs, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Refuse derived fuels, Solid wastes, Ba-
gasse.
PB83-193649 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Impact of Coal Refuse Disposal on Groundwater.
Final rept. 1975-79,
Central Research and Design Inst. for Open-Pit
Mining, Wroclaw (Poland).
Jacek Libicki. Apr 83,190p EPA-600/2-83-028
The objective of this study was to determine the extent
of groundwater quality deterioration when coal mine
refuse and power plant ashes were disposed of in
1466 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
open pits. In addition, disposal methods were devel-
oped and procedures for planning and designing dis-
posal sites were formulated. The study was conducted
from 1975 to 1979 at an abandoned sand pit near Bp-
guszowice, Poland, where the groundwater was moni-
tored. Laboratory testing of the wastes and its lea-
chates were also conducted. From this work, the phys-
ical-chemical character of the waste material and its
susceptibility to leaching of particular ions in the water
environment were determined, as was the influence of
precipitation on the migration of pollutants to the aqui-
fer.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Refuse, 'Fly ash, 'Ground
water, 'Water pollution, Pits(Excavations), Solid waste
disposal, Leaching, Preeipitation(Meteorplogy),
Aquifers, Ions, Hydrogeology, Design, Hydraulic con-
ductivity, Ohio.
PB83-193656 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assistance Document: Quality Assur-
ance Guideline for Visible Emission Training Pro-
grams. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
Barbara E. Blagun. Apr 83, 165p EPA-600/4-83-011
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
This document describes procedures and outlines
technical guidance for assistance in establishing effec-
tive visible emission observer training programs.
Smoke generator operating information is presented
and appendices gives examples of sample classroom
training lectures as well as audit forms and statistical
techniques used to access the quality of a training pro-
gram, the adherence of visible emissions training pro-
grams to the materials in this document should result
In improved and consistent levels of observer training.
This documentation will aid enforcement programs in
demonstrating that the observers were trained without
biases and in a professional manner.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Guidelines, 'Visibility,
•Air pollution control, 'Specialized training, Instruc-
tional materials. Law enforcement, Regulations,
Plumes, Opacity.
PB83-193672 PC A02/MF A01
Trlmethyltln Impairs Retention of a Passive
Avoidance Task. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thomas J. Walsh, Michela Gallagher, Elizabeth
Bostock, and Robert S. Dyer. 1982, 7p EPA-600/J-82-
308
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
p163-167 1982. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Trimethyltin is a neurotoxic organometal which pro-
duces neuronal damage in several limblc regions in-
cluding the hippocampus, amygdala and the pyriform
cortex. One administration of trimethyltin (5,6 or 7 mg/
kg) twenty one days prior to passive avoidance condi-
tioning produced an impairment of retention when ani-
mals were tasted 24 hours after training. Rats treated
with trimethyltin exhibited shorter step-through laten-
cies and freezing durations during the retention test. It
was observed that the three dosages of trimethyltin
were equally effective In disrupting retention perform-
ance. These retention deficits were not secondary to
alterations in footshock sensitivity. The data presented
here indicate that acute trimethyltin administration dis-
rupted learning and memory. This compound might be
a useful tool for examining the role of the llmbic system
In associative processes.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Brain, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Behavior, Reprints, 'Tln/trimethyl, Toxic sub-
stances. 'Passive avoidance.
PM3-103680 PC A02/MF A01
Somatosensory Dysfunction Following Acute Tri-
methyltin Exposure. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
William E. Howell, Thomas J. Walsh, and Robert S.
Dyer. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-82-307
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
p197-201 1982.
A variety of trimethyltin (TMT) -produced sensory and
behavioral dysfunctions have been reported. In this
study the functional integrity of the somatosensory
system was evaluated. Animals were tested using
three different measures prior to (day 0) and 1,4, and
16 days following dosing with either 0 (saline) or 7 mg/
kg TMT. The tests employed were: (1) hotplate pain
threshold; (2) dorsal caudal nerve response threshold
and conduction velocity; and (3) the somatosensory
evoked response (SER). In the hot-plate test, TMT
treated animals took longer to lick the hind paws in re-
sponse to the heat. No effects were seen in the nerve
function evaluation (conduction velocity and thresh-
old), although increased N1, P1, and P2 latencies and
decreased N1P1 amplitude were seen in SER record-
ings. The fact that no peripheral nerve function effects
were observed suggests that the hot-plate and SER
findings were the result of central nervous system dys-
function.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Senses, Behavior,
Reprints, 'Tin/trimethyl, 'Somatosensory dysfunction.
PB83-193696 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Audit of the Vulcanus Incineration Ship Prior to
the August 1982 PCB Burn, Mobile, Alabama. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
F. W. Sexton, and D. E. Lentzen. Apr 83,28p RTI/
1847-51-01 F, EPA-600/7-83-023
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
The report gives results of an evaluation of three sys-
tems aboard the Vulcanus, a Singapore-registered
tanker that has been converted for incinerating indus-
trial waste at sea. The ship has been operating for sev-
eral years, disposing of various chemical wastes gen-
erated mainly in the European community. Industrial
waste disposal by incineration at sea is also an option
for U.S. waste management systems and thus is of in-
terest to the EPA. Audit results Include a summary of
audit results, audit procedures, audit calculations, test
results, recommendations, and audit standards.
Keywords: 'Incineration, 'Industrial wastes, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chemical compounds, Hazard-
ous materials, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Ocean
waste disposal, 'Liquid wastes.
PB83-193706 PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Immune Function Development In
Mice Irradiated In Utero with 2450-MHi Micro-
waves. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, M. M. Riddle, R. R. Rogers, and G. A.
Stott. C1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-311
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power, 17(2) p121-126 1982.
Groups of time-bred pregnant mice were irradiated
with 2450-MHz microwaves at an incident power den-
sity of 28 mW/sq. cm. for 100 min dally from day 6 to
day 18 of pregnancy. The average specific absorption
rate (SAR) was 16.5 W/kg. Two experiments were per-
formed under these conditions. At 3 and 6 weeks of
age the mice were assessed for development of the
primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes, in
vitro mitogenstimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and
natural killer (NK) cell activity. No consistent significant
difference in the primary immune response, in the mi-
togen response, or in the NK cell activity was observed
between irradiated and sham-Irradiated mice.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, Assess-
ments, Mice, Pregnancy, Reprints, 'Immune re-
sponses.
PB83-103714 PC A02/MF A01
Review of Some Toxicology Models to Assess
Health Effect* of Environmental Pollutants. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. E. Gardner, E. P. C. Hu, J. A. Graham, N. Chemoff,
and F. G. Hueter. 1983,20p EPA-600/J-83-007
Pub. in In vitro Toxiclty Testing of Environmental
Agents, Part B, p443-4601983.
The passage of the Toxic Substances Control Act and
the recognition over the past several years of the rela-
tionship between cancer incidence, other health ef-
fects, and environmental agents, prodded EPA-wide
interest in test development. Even prior to these occur-
rences, the EPA Office of Research and Development
(ORD) recognized the importance of tests per se to re-
search, regulation, and compliance assurance. ORD
thus established efforts along these lines as part of its
air and water programs and subsequently in the toxics
program, to improve investigative tools to determine
and predict health and environmental processes and
effects. It is generally agreed that such improvements
should strive for increased sensitivity and reliability,
and at the same time decrease the cost and amount of
time required to obtain results.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Models, Reviews, Bioassay,
Reprints, Toxic substances, Carcinogenesis, Mutagen-
esis, Teratogenesis.
PB83-193839 PC A02/MF A01
Trimethyltin, a Selective Llmbic System Neurotox-
Icant, Impairs Radial-Arm Maze Performance.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Thomas J. Walsh, Diane B. Miller, and Robert S. Dyer.
1982, 9p EPA-600/J-82-309
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology v4
p177-183 1982.
Rats were trained for fifteen sessions in an automated
eight arm radial maze prior to treatment with 6 mg/kg
trimethyltin chloride. This compound is a neurotoxicant
which primarily damages the limbic system, in particu-
lar pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocam-
pus. Following treatment the animals exhibited a
marked and persistent impairment of maze perform-
ance characterized by decreased selection accuracy
and an altered spatial pattern of responding within the
maze. These results offered additional evidence that
CA3 pyramidal neurons or their connections play an
important, if not essential, role in radial-arm maze per-
formance. It was suggested that trimethyltin might be a
useful tool for elucidating the neural substrates of both
radial maze performance and learning and memory
processes.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Brain, Reprints,
*Tin/trimethyl, 'Limbic system, Neurotoxins.
PB83-193920 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Nonpolnt Sediment Production In the Colusa
Basin Drainage Area, California. Final rept.,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Land, Air and Water
Resources.
K. K. Tanji, M. J. Singer, L. D. Whittig, J. W. Biggar, and
0. W. Henderson. Mar 83,127p EPA-600/2-83-025
Grants EPA-R-805462. EPA-R-807169
This investigation was carried out in two phases from
October 1977 to March 1982. The details on field, lab-
oratory, and computer simulation have been reported
in four comprehensive annual reports. The production
and transport of sediments from, through, and out of
this basin are complex. They are affected by natural as
well as man-induced factors and conditions. This in-
vestigation provided a unique opportunity to monitor
and evaluate sediments in an integrated one-million
acre agricultural and watershed systems. The per-
spective gained is different from investigations involv-
ing smaller subwatersheds and field plots.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Soil erosion, Water
pollution, Erosion control. Watersheds, Runoff, Irriga-
tion, Drainage, Water quality, Pesticides, Drainage,
Monitoring, Nonpoint sources.
PM3-103946 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Refinery Process Heater NOx Reductions Using
Staged Combustion Air Lances. Final rept. Jun 80-
Dec81,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tktona, W. A. Carter, and H. J. Buening. Mar 83,
229pEPA-600/7-83-022
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
December 1983 14*67
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of full scale tests to evaluate
combustion modifications for emission control and effi-
ciency enhancement on petroleum process heaters.
Test objectives were to determine NOx emission re-
ductions, thermal efficiency changes, long-term per-
formance, and cost of a staged combustion air modifi-
cation (the most promising combustion modification in
pilot scale tests). The test unit was a vertical, cylindri-
cal, natural-draft crude-oil heater; test fuels were natu-
ral gas, refinery gas, and a combination of No. 6 oil and
refinery gas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Heating equipment, 'Petroleum industry, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Revisions, Perform-
ance evaluation, Lances, Refineries.
PB83-194183 PC E99
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Oxldant Modeling Study-1978.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Apr 83,303p-ln 3v
Set Includes PB83-194191, PB83-194209, and PB83-
194217.
No abstract available.
PB83-194191 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Oxldant Modeling Study-1978. Volume I.
Data Evaluation and Analysis. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
i oo ^?f!inez' F' L Lud*ifl. and C. Maxwell. Apr 83,
133pEPA-600/3-83-023A
Contract EPA-68-02-2984
See also Volume 2, PB83-1 94209
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
I841o3.
During the period 15 September through 12 October
1978, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducted a special program that monitored air
quality and meteorology In the Houston, Texas area.
The objectives of the program were to obtain a com-
prehensive data base suitable for use with photochem-
ical air-quality simulation models and to provide a de-
tailed body of data that can be used to investigate
Houston's air quality in general and photochemical oxl-
dants (HOMS Study) and aerosols (HAGS Study) in
particular.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sites,
Sampling, Photochemistry, Oxldlzers, Aerosols, Per-
formance evaluation, *Houston(Texas), 'Air quality,
•Air pollution sampling, EKMA models.
PB83-194209 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Oxldant Modeling Study-1978. Volume II.
Data-Base Guide. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
K. C. Nltz, and J. R. Martinez. Apr 83, 91 p EPA-600/3-
83-023B
Contract EPA-68-02-2984
See also Volume 3, PB83-194217, and Volume 1,
PB83-194191.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
194183.
The objectives of this contract were (a) to evaluate the
suitability of the 1978 Houston data base for photo-
chemical modeling application, (b) to analyze spatial
and temporal patterns of pollutant concentrations, (c)
to archive data in a manner suitable for use with air
quality simulation models, (d) to analyze and charac-
terize the quality of the gaseous pollutant measure-
ments, and (e) to use the data to evaluate the perform-
ance of the EKMA photochemical model. Results from
the data evaluation and archiving work are reported In
a three-volume report. (Results from the EKMA eval-
uation work are reported In a separate report.) The*
data evaluation effort is reported In Volumes 1 and 2.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models. Sites,
Sampling, Photochemistry, Oxidizers, Aerosols, Per-
formance evaluation, Tables(Data), 'HoustonfTexas),
•Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, EKMA models.
PB83-194217 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Houston Oxldant Modeling Study-1978. Volume III.
Characterization of Data Quality. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. R. Martinez. Apr 83, 79p EPA-600/3-83-023C
Contract EPA-68-02-2984
See also Volume 2, PB83-194209.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
194183.
During the fall of 1978, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency conducted in Houston, Texas, a special
program addressed to the photochemical oxidants and
aerosol problems in that area. This report, Volume III
of the three-volume report, covers the effort to analyze
and characterize the quality of the gaseous pollutant
measurements obtained in the 1978 HOMS Study. The
analysis is based on data obtained in a number of field
audits of the instruments used in the HOMS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sites,
Sampling, Photochemistry, Oxidizers, Aerosols, Per-
formance evaluation, *Houston(Texas), 'Air quality,
*Alr pollution sampling, EKMA models.
PB83-194357 PC A04/MF A01
Applicability of Passive Monitoring Devices to
Measurement of Volatile Organic Chemicals In
Ambient Air,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert 3. Lewis, Robert W. Coutant, George W.
Wooten, Carl R. McMillin, and James D. Mulik. 1983,
59p EPA-600/D-83-044
Presented at the 1983 Spring National Meeting Ameri-
can Institute of Chemical Engineers, Houston, Texas,
March 27-31, 1983. Prepared in cooperation with Bat-
telle Columbus Labs., OH., and Monsanto Research
Corp., Dayton, OH.
Commercial passive monitoring devices for volatile or-
ganic chemicals were evaluated to determine their po-
tential application to ambient air concentrations (0.1 to
SO ppbv). A high-performance passive device was de-
veloped for short-term, low-level monitoring applica-
tions. The stainless steel monitor is small, simply de-
signed, and Inexpensive. It has a high equivalent sam-
pling rate, is reusable and rechargeable, and is amend-
able to thermal desorption. Laboratory and field tests
with Tenax GC as the sorbent have shown that the
monitor compares very favorably with active (pump-
based) samplers.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Gas detectors, 'Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Test chambers, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'volatile organic compounds, Tenax
GC resins.
PB83-194381 PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the P.A.S.S. KIT Device under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav-
ings Act. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection /
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Sep 82,32p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-82-14
See also PB82-178534.
i Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the P.A.S.S. Kit device under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the P.A.S.S.
Kit device was conducted upon receiving an applica-
tion for evaluation by the marketer. The P.A.S.S. Kit
device Is an intake manifold vacuum switch that is de-
signed to disengage the air conditioning compressor
during periods of nigh power demand. The device is
claimed to eliminate the load of air conditioning com-
pressor when accelerating and thereby improve fuel
economy and performance. EPA fully considered all of
the information submitted by the applicant. The eval-
uation of the P.A.S.S. Kit device was based on that in-
formation and the results of the EPA confirmatory test-
ing of a similar device. The overall conclusion is that
P.A.S.S. Kit should recover part of the emissions and
fuel economy penalty incurred by using the air condi-
tioner of some vehicles.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Air conditioners, Compressors, Pres-
sure switches, Evaluation, P.A.S.S. kit device.
PB83-194464 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of a Passive Monitor for Volatile Or-
ganlcs. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Robert W. Coutant. Nov 82,62p EPA-600/4-83-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine
the potential utility of a commercially available passive
dosimeter for monitoring toxic volatile organic com-
pounds at ambient levels. Test compounds included:
chloroform, methylchloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, benzene, and
chlorobenzene. The cause of the observed effect of air
velocity on sampling rates was examined on a theoreti-
cal basis, and it is recommended that these devices
not be employed without adequate ventilation. It is
concluded that at least one currently available passive
dosimeter could be useful for monitoring of ambient
levels of toxic organic chemicals, and appropriate pre-
cautions are indicated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitors, 'Dosimeters, Per-
formance evaluation, Test chambers, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, *Air pollution detection.
PB83-194472 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Strategies for Reducing Pollutants from Irrigated
Lands In the Great Plains. Final rept.
Nebraska Water Resources Center, Lincoln.
Jul 82,204p EPA-600/2-81-108
Grant EPA-R-805249
A manual has been prepared which will serve as a
planning guide for determining alternative manage-
ment practices to limit nonpoint source water pollution
from irrigated lands in the Great Plains. Section One
contains a summary of federal water pollution legisla-
tion as it relates to irrigated agriculture. The areal
extent and intensity of irrigation in the newly-defined Ir-
rigated Great Plains is given, along with a review of
select physical characteristics of the region. Five irri-
gated crop production areas are broadly delineated.
Pollutants in irrigation return flows are identified and
described in Section Two. The authors examine the ef-
fects of current irrigation management practices on
pollution in the return flow. The most probable pollu-
tion problems are discussed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Irrigation, Manuals, Sur-
face water runoff. Percolation, Economic factors, Man-
agement, Government policies, Nutrients, Pesticides,
Fertilizers, Legislation, 'Return flow, 'Nonpoint
sources, Great Plains Region(United States).
PB83-194506 PC A99/MF E04
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Organic Contaminant Removal In Lower Missis-
sippi River Drinking Water by Granular Activated
Carbon Adsorption. Final rept. Aug 76-Jun 80,
Jefferson Parish Dept. of Water, LA.
Wayne E. Koffskey, and Noel V. Brodtmann. Apr 83,
678pEPA-600/2-83-032
The primary objective was to examine the efficiency of
using granular activated carbon (GAC) for the removal
of organic contaminants in drinking water. Two basic
full-scale systems were compared and evaluated - a
post-filtration adsorption GAC filter in series with a
sand filter, and a combined filtration adsorption GAC
filter. Both GAC systems effectively removed organic
contaminants with the same relative adsorption effi-
ciencies. Efficiencies were not reduced because of
pore blockage by turbidity. A few organic substances
(phthalates, n-alkanes, and substituted benzene de-
rivatives) had little or no adsorptive affinity for GAC,
however, at the micrograms/L level.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
'Mississippi River, Potable water, Performance eval-
uation, Adsorption, Graphs(Charts), 'Granular activat-
ed carbon treatment.
PB83-194522 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
1468 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adaptation of Natural Mlcroblal mmunltles to Dtg-
radatlon of Xenoblotlc Compound*: Effects of
Concentration, Exposure Time, Inoculum, and
Chemical Structure. Journal article,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
Jim C. Spain, and P. A. Van Veld. 3 Oct 82,10p EPA-
600/J-83-010
Contract EPA-68-D1 -5043
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n2 p428-435 Feb 83. Also pub. as Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. Contrib no. 440.
Adaptation of microbial populations to degrade xeno-
blotlc compounds faster after exposure to the com-
pound was studied in eco-cores. Radiolabeled test
compounds were added to cores that contained natu-
ral water and sediment samples. Adaptation was de-
tected by comparing mineralization rates or disappear-
ance of parent compound in pre-exposed and unex-
posed cores. Microbial populations in pre-exposed
cores from a number of freshwater sampling sites
adapted to degrade p-nitrophenol faster; populations
from estuarlne or marine sites did not show any in-
crease in rates of degradation as a result of pre-expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Degradation,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Reprints,
'Xenobiotic compounds, Ecocores.
PB83-194530 PC A03/MF A01
Progress In Photochemical Air Quality Simulation
Modeling,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Shreffler, K. L. Schere, and K. L. Demeriian. 1983,
30p EPA-600/D-83-041
Pub. In Proceedings of the International Technical
Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application
(13th), France, 12 Sep 82.
Within the class of existing or conceived photochemi-
cal air quality simulation models (PAQSM's) there are
only several basic approaches. The United States En-
vironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) In the mid-
1970's reviewed the various urban scale models which
were in existence and chose three, embodying distinct
approaches, for further refinement, development and
evaluation. The purpose of this paper Is to describe the
PAQSM's emerging from research and development
projects of the U.S. EPA. The presentation will not at-
tempt a detailed discussion or chemical mechanisms
or numerical schemes. Rather, emphasis will be
placed on the models' basic structures, data require-
ments, computer requirements, and problems encoun-
tered in applying them. Also, two major field programs
will be described which have been conducted by EPA
to support testing and evaluation of the models.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Pho-
tochemistry, Ozone, Held tests, Performance evalua-
tion, *Alr quality.
PB83-194548 PC A02/MF A01
DMA Adduct Formation by 7,12-
Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and Its Nonearclno-
osnlc 2-Fluoro Analogue In female Sprsgue-
Dawley Rat*. Journal article Aug 80-Nov 83,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel, and N. J. Joyce. 13 Aug 82,10p EPA-6007
J-83-008
Grant EPA-R-807895
Pub.inJNCI,v70n1 p111-118 Jan 83.
The potent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7.2
dlmethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) bound to the DMA
of numerous organs of the female outbred Sprague-
Dawley rat after iv administration under a regimen
known to produce a high yield of mammary adenocar-
cinomas. The maximum DMA binding levels observed
following iv administration of 5 mg DMBA range from
approximately 12 micromol hydrocarbon/ mol deoxyri-
bonucleic for the liver to approximately 5 micromol hy-
drocarbon/mol deoxyribonucleotide for the mammary
gland, the target tissue.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Females, Rats,
Laboratory animals. Reprints, 'Polycycllc aromatic hy-
drocarbons, *B«nzanthracene/dlmethyl.
PB83-194555 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement and Reporting Guidelines for Plant
Growth Chamber Environment. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Craig McFarlane. Jut 80,4p EPA-600/J-62-312
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v11 n4 p719-720
1982.
For two decades scientists have been using plant
growth chambers to make significant contributions in
agricultural research. Much too often, haphazard and
incomplete environmental measurements have made
it difficult, if not impossible, to gain the full utility of this
research. Guidelines were developed Initially by mem-
bers of the North-Central Region Technical Committee
on Growth Chamber Use. These guidelines are includ-
ed on a table. The adoption of these guidelines by re-
searchers and adherence to these suggestions by
review editors will Improve the quality of environmental
research and aid in making comparisons among stud-
ies conducted In different laboratories.
Keywords: 'Plant growth, Measurement, Reporting,
Guidelines, Environments, Reprints.
PB83-194662 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Dehalogenatlon: A Novel Pathway for the Anaero-
bic Blodegradatlon of Haioaromatlc Compounds.
Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Crop and
Soli Sciences.
Joseph M. Suflita, Amikam Horowitz, Daniel R.
Shelton, and James M. Tledje. c1982,6p EPA-600/J-
82-313
Grant EPA-R-806569
Pub. In Science, v218 p1115-1117,10 Dec 82.
Microorganisms of lake sediment and sewage sludge
anaeroblcally metabolize halobenzoates by a novel
pathway. The primary degradative event was loss of
the aryl hallde without the alteration of the aromatic
ring. Dehalogenatlon required strict anaerobic condi-
tions and depended on the halogen and position, but
not the number of halogen substltuents. A stable
methanogenic bacterial consortium was enriched from
sludge found capable of dehalogenating and often
mineralizing a variety of halobenzoates to CH4 and
C02. The results suggest that reductive dehalogena-
tion of aromatics could be important in removal of
some chlorinated xenobiotics from the environment
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, "Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Anaerobic conditions, 'Sediments, Aromatic
compounds, Water pollution, Pesticides, Metabolism,
Microorganisms, Reprints, 'Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, 'Sewage sludge.
PB83-1 94670 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Chrysolite Asbestos In Kidney Cortex of Chron-
ically Qavaged Rats. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle.
K. J. Patel-Mandlik, and J. R. Millett. 19S3, 1 1p EPA-
600/J-83-011
Grant EPA-R-807289
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p247-255 1983.
Using the transmission electron microscope, asbestos
fibers have been assessed in kidney cortex of four
groups of rats previously exposed to intermediate
range feeding grade chrysotlle asbestos. Newborn
rats, from mothers gavaged with asbestos during preg-
nancy, were gavaged twice a week at the dose level of
SO mg/kg beginning at age day 7 until their natural
death or sacrifice. Four groups of rats consisted of
ages ranging from 0-200, 200-400, 400-600 and 600-
800 days.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Toxicology, Kidney, Rats,
Ingestion(Biology), Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB83-194688 PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Performance of 137 Stack Qas Contin-
uous Emlnlon Monitor*. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Roland P. Hebert, and William J. Mitchell. 1 983, 5p
EPA-600/J-83-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3405
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association,
33(2) p1 32-1 34 1983. Prepared in cooperation wtth
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., San Bernar-
dino, CA.
Continuous emission monitoring system operation re-
ports in the files of three air pollution control agencies
were examined to determine the frequency, duration
and type of malfunctions that cause these systems to
become inoperative for regulatory purposes. Eighteen
months of operating data were examined for 137 moni-
tors (74 NOx, 37 SO2, 7 combination NOx/SO2, 8O2,
and 11 opacity) that had previously passed an accept-
ance (performance) test identical to EPA monitoring
system performance test procedures.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Air pollution control, 'Chim-
neys, Performance evaluation, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Failure, Reprints.
PB83-194696 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Weathered IXTOC I OH Effects on Eatuarine
Benthos. Journal article,
Texas Univ. at Austin, Port Aransas. Marine Science
Inst.
Richard D. Kalke, Thomas A. Duke, and R. Warren
Flint. 24 Oct 81,12p CONTRIB-510, EPA-600/J-82-
032
Pub. In Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 15, p75-
84 1982.
The impact of weathered IXTOC I oil on experimental
benthlc communities colonized In the laboratory and in
situ was observed. Text systems containing clean
sand and receiving seawater from Aransas Pass Inlet
were placed In the laboratory while similar systems
were placed on the seafloor. All of these test systems
were allowed to colonize for eight weeks by settlement
of planktonic larvae. Weathered IXTOC I oil was added
to randomly selected laboratory and in situ replicate
compartments within the test systems and these were
then exposed to flowing seawater In the laboratory for
an additional four weeks.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Benthos, Estuaries, Reprints,
•Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Oil pollution.
PB83-1B4704 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Estimates of Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission
Rates In Plants. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Rosemary C. Evans, David T. Tingey, Marcia L.
Gumpertz, and Walter F. Bums. Mar 82,9p EPA-600/
J-82-196
Contract EPA-68-03-2650
Pub. in Botanical Gazette, v143 n3 p304-310 1982.
A range of plant species, including crops, shrubs,
herbs, and trees, was surveyed to determine the mag-
nitude of isoprene emissions. In studies to determine if
plants emitted isoprene, greenhouse-grown plants
were encapsulated in impermeable plastic bags and
kept In a growth chamber for 2 h at 30C and a photo-
synthetic photon flux density of ca. 350 micro E m-2s-
1. To estimate emission rates, greenhouse-grown
plants were conditioned In a growth chamber and
transferred to a controlled-environment gas-exchange
chamber. Gas samples from either the encapsulation
bags or gas-exchange chamber were collected, con-
centrated cryogenically, and analyzed by
chromatography.
gas-liquid
Keywords: 'Isoprene, 'PlantslBotany), Emission, Esti-
mates, Photosynthesis, Sampling, Reprints, 'Monoter-
pene.
PBB3-194712 PC A02
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessment of Crop Loss from Ozone. Journal ar-
ticle
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Walter W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, Richard Adams, Gail
Bingham, and Joseph Miller, d 982,11 p EPA-600/J-
82-195
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v32 n4
P353-361 1982.
Past research has shown that ozone (O3) alone or in
combination with sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen di-
oxide (N02) is responsible for up to 90% of the crop
losses in the U.S. caused by air pollution. The National
Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) was set up
December 1983 1469
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to determine more accurately crop loss from these air
pollutants. The program will define the relationships
between yields of major agricultural crops and doses
of O3, S02, N02, and their mixtures. The program is
also designed to advance the understanding of cause-
effect relationships with the intent of developing simu-
lation models. In 1980 the NCLAN program used
open-top field chambers at four regional sites. All sites
used a series of five O3 concentrations that were repli-
cated four times with a different crop at each site
(Northeast-red kidney bean, Southeast-peanut and
turnip, Central-soybean, Southwest-head lettuce).
Dose-response data were developed for each crop.
(Copyright (c) 1982-Air Pollution Control Association.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen dioxide,
'Farm crops, 'Air pollution, Mathematical models,
Losses, Yield, Dosage, Exposure, Computerized simu-
lation, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Air pollu-
tion eftects(Plants), NCLAN model.
PB83-194787 PC A02/MF A01
Sediment Toxlclty and the Distribution of AmphI-
pods In Commencement Bay, Washington, USA.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. C. Swartz, W. A. DeBen, K. A. Sercu, and J. O.
Lamberson. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-193
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v13 n10 p359-364
1982.
The toxicity of 175 sediment samples from Com-
mencement Bay, Washington, was measured by the
survival of marine infaunal amphipods (Rhepoxynius
abronius) during ten-day exposure to test sediment.
Survival was high in sediment from offshore, deeper
parts of the Bay, including two designated dredge ma-
terial disposal sites. Within each of the major industri-
alized waterways there was a wide range in amphipod
survival. Both acutely toxic and relatively nontoxic
samples were collected from various areas within the
Hylebos, Blair, Sitcum and City Waterways. Habitat dif-
ferences, sedimentation rates, proximity to contami-
nant sources and sinks, and disruption of the seabed
by prop scour and dredging could contribute to this
variation in toxicity.
Keywords: 'Commencement Bay, 'Toxicology, Sedi-
ments, Washington(State), Distribution, Reprints,
•Amphipods, Rhepoxynius abronius.
PB83-195206 PC A09/MF A01
State Integrated Toxics Management: 18 Profiles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Anne Fenn, Carol Parker, Robert Quinn, Vickie Reed,
and Brenda Slaton. Dec 82,200p EPA-560/T11S-81 -
005
See also PB81-242406. Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
During 1982, the authors examined the health and en-
vironmental programs of eighteen states to assess
state capabilities and common needs with respect to
identifying and solving cross-media toxic substances
problems. Discussions with a variety of state officials
covered such areas as statutory and executive authori-
ties, organizational structures, data management and
toxics control efforts. In addition, problems and issues
such as proprietary information, risk assessment, and
resource cutbacks sometimes surfaced. Using this in-
formation, the State Profiles were prepared. Drafts of
the Profiles were reviewed by officials in the respective
states, and their comments have been incorporated
into this document. In addition, drafts were reviewed
by selected EPA Regional and program office staff;
EPA comments are incorporated also.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Toxicology, State
government, National government, Cooperation, Co-
ordination, Management, Legislation, Projects, 'Toxic
substances, 'Intergovernmental relationships, Pro-
grams.
PB83-195503 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Volatile Organic Chemicals In the Atmosphere: An
Assessment of Available Data. Final rept. Sep 80-
Dec82,
SRI International, Manlo Park, CA.
Richard Brodzinsky, and Hanwant B. Singh. Apr 83,
207p EPA/DF-83/005A,, EPA-600/3-83-027A
Contract EPA-68-02-3452
For system on magnetic tape, see PB83-195511.
Significant quantities of organic chemicals
leased into the ambient environment as a ne
are re-
i necessary
outcome of day-to-day human activities. In recent
years, it has become evident that many of these
chemicals are toxic at concentrations significantly
higher than those found in the ambient atmosphere.
The present study is designed to focus on the abun-
dance of gaseous organic chemicals in the ambient
environment with special emphasis on those that are
or may be hazardous. The term 'hazardous organic
chemicals' (HOCs) used here is not intended to imply
that a proven human health hazard exists. In most
cases toxicity studies are incomplete and entail ex-
trapolation of animal data to humans. Over the years
many studies have been conducted to characterize the
concentrations of a wide range of potentially hazard-
ous gaseous organic chemicals. This study, for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was an
attempt to study their usefulness and to integrate them
into a useful and cohesive document with a single, co-
herent data base that would readily indicate: Trace
chemicals measured. Locations and times of HOC
measurements, Typical concentrations of the individ-
ual HOCs, and Data quality and representativeness.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution, Assessments, Tables(Data),
Sampling, Sites, Trace elements, 'Volatile organic
compounds.
PB83-19SS11 CPT02
Volatile Organic Chemicals In the Atmosphere: An
Assessment of Available Data. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Larry T. Cupitt, and Hanwant B. Singh. Mar 83, mag
tape EPA-600/3-83-027B, EPA/DF-83/005
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB83-195503.
A significant body of information is currently available
to characterize the burden of possibly-hazardous or-
ganic chemicals (HOCs) in ambient environments.
However, these data have not been accessible in an
organized format, and no attempt had been made to
study their significance or to integrate them into a
useful and cohesive document. In this study, ambient
data, primarily from the years 1970 through 1980, from
241 references covering 151 chemicals were collected
and collated into a computer-accessible data base.
Data acquisition has been limited primarily to a few
geographical regions, and most sampling programs
nave been performed in the warmer months and
during daylight hours. Specific recommendations are
made for future studies regarding data reporting. A
strategy for an effective national monitoring program
was presented.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic
compounds, 'Air pollution,
Concentratton(Composition), Sampling, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB83-195693 PC AOS/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Utah Surface Gamma-Ray Scanner Survey,
Bendix Field Engineering Corp., Grand Junction, CO.
John Wayne Allen. Jun 82,81p BFEC-1982-7
Sponsored In part by Office of Radiation Programs-Las
Vegas Facility, NV., and Department of Energy, Wash-
ington, DC.Portions of this document are not fully legi-
ble.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) con-
ducted a radiation survey of public and private build-
ings in the vicinity of mineral mining areas to establish
the use, if any, of radioactive mineral waste materials
in any phase of construction. The survey was conduct-
ed in two phases. The initial phase utilized a mobile
van equipped with radiation detection instrumentation
to survey radioactive levels in the vicinity of the struc-
tures of interest. Areas or structures which indicated
higher than normal background levels of radiation
were recorded for further investigation. The second
phase of the survey involved detailed on-site radiation
studies to locate and Identity the source of radioactivity
and to make appropriate radiation measurements
inside the structures to provide an assessment of
health impacts.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Gamma rays, 'Radioactive
wastes, 'Construction materials, 'Utah, Surveys,
Maps, Radiation sources, Health hazards.
PB83-195719 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Trace Metal Chemistry of the Waters of Lake
Huron. Final rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Ronald Rossmann. Dec 82,50p PUB-21
Grants EPA-R-005546-0-10, EPA-R-005546-0-11
To provide information on total and dissolved trace
metals, Lake Huron waters were analyzed for iron,
cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc, man-
ganese, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, silver, vanadium,
and selenium concentrations. Median total, dissolved,
and paniculate concentrations in microgram/l for each
metal are given. Compared to other regions of the lake
in 1980, southern Lake Huron had the highest concen-
trations of iron and aluminum. It had the lowest con-
centrations of copper, chromium, lead, zinc, and per-
haps nickel.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Huron,
Trace elements, Iron, Copper, Chromium, Lead(Metal),
Nickel, Zinc, Manganese, Mercury(Metal), Arsenic,
Aluminum, Silver, Vanadium, Selenium,
Concentration(Composition), Trace metals.
PB83-195826 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Los Angeles Field Modeling and Measurement
Study -1976 (First Year). Final rept,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Center.
L. Willard Richards, K. T. Whitby, B. K. Cantrell, R. L.
McKenzie, and N. J. Barsic. Apr 83,206p EPA-600/3-
83-031
Contract EPA-68-02-2463
See also PB83-195834.
In October 1976 a two-week field program was con-
ducted in Los Angeles to evaluate in the field existing
measurement methods for ambient concentrations of
suit uric acid aerosol and related sulfates, and to obtain
preliminary data for the in-roadway concentrations of
sulfates due to catalyst equipped vehicles. Scatter dia-
grams show that the in-roadway increments of NOx,
CO, S02 and several aerosol physical parameters do
not correlate well. The statistical design of an in-road-
way sampling program to determine distribution func-
tions for the exposure of the Los Angeles population to
elevated concentrations of vehicle exhaust pollutants
is described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Sulfuric acid, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Ammonia,
Field tests, 'Los Angeles(California), 'Air pollution
sampling, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB83-195834 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Los Angeles Field Modeling and Measurement
Study -1978 (Second Year). Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA. Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services Canter.
L. Willard Richards, and Kevin R. Johnson. Apr 83,
144pEPA-600/3-83-032
Contract EPA-68-02-2463
See also PB83.-195826.
An instrumented van was used to collect size-segre-
gated aerosol samples and measure sulfur dioxide and
ammonia concentrations on the heavily-traveled Ven-
tura Freeway in Los Angeles while a nearby identical
van in radio contact sampled upwind. Measurements
were made on a few unusually clean days in October
1978 and February 1979 so that the in-roadway surfate
increment (freeway minus upwind background) could
be detected. Sulfuric acid emissions were easily meas-
ured behind a new, catalyst-equipped vehicle using
fuel with 10 times the California average sulfur content.
1470 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Aer-
osols, 'Exhaust emissions, California, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size, Sulfur diox-
ide, Ammonia, Sulfuric acid, Sulfates, *Los
Angeles(California), *Air pollution sampling.
PB63-1959S8 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ambient Hydrocarbon and Ozone Concentration*
Mear a Refinery- Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Air Resources Sec-
tion.
Ken Sexton, and Halvor H. Westberg. Apr 83,294p
EPA-600/3-83-025
Grant EPA-R-805376
An ambient air monitoring study to characterize air-
borne emissions from petroleum refineries was con-
ducted near the Marathon oil refinery at Robinson, Illi-
nois during June 17 - July 29,1977. Ground-level sam-
pling lacijities and an airplane equipped with air pollut-
ant monitoring instruments provided an integrated,
three-dimensional monitoring network. Measurements
made during the study included ozone, oxides of nitro-
gen, sulfur dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, indi-
vidual C2-C10 hydrocarbons, halocarbons, condensa-
tion nuclei, visual distance and various meteorological
parameters.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Refineries, 'Hydrocarbons,
*Ozone, Tables(Data), Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Transport properties, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur di-
oxide, Methane, Aerial surveys, Carbon monoxide, 'Air
pollution sampling.
PBB3-195974 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preparation and Evaluation of Ne Sorbents for En-
vironmental Monitoring. Volume I,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edo D. Pelllzzari, Barbu Demian, Anton Schindler,
Kathy Lam, and Wanda Jean. Apr 83,311 p EPA-600/
4-83-015A
Contract EPA-68-02-3440
See also PB83-195982.
Sixty-one different polyimide sorbents were prepared
for evaluation as sorbents for the collection of vapor-
phase organics In ambient air. Laboratory tests were
applied to evaluate their properties as sorbents and to
develop a data base to examine relationships between
chemical structure and physical properties.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Sorbents, 'Polyimide resins,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Molecular
structure, Synthesis(Chemistry), Performance evalua-
tion, Tenax GC resins.
PB83-196982 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preparation and Evaluation of New Sorbents for
Environmental Monitoring. Volume II. Synthesis
and Quality Control Testing of Sorbents for Air
Monitoring,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Edo D. Pellizzan, Barbu Demian, Anton Schindler,
Kathy Lam, and Wanda Jean. Apr 83,20p EPA-600/4-
83-015B
Contract EPA-68-02-3440
See also PB63-195974.
A tiered level-of-effort testing was applied. The Level I
procedure sorted the polymers according to specified
desired properties; Level II testing provided informa-
tion for selecting the most promising polymers for trap-
ping of vapor-phase organics and generated the
chemical data base relating chemical and physical sor-
bent properties; and Level III experiments provided a
confirmation of the physiochemlcal properties of the
•orbent, Thermodynarmc properties and correlations
between chemical structure and physical properties
were made for four of the more promising polyimide
sorbents and compared to Tenax GC, the reference
•orbent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sorbents, * Polyimide resins,
8ynthes(Cheml8try), Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Molecular structure, Thermodynamics,
Tenax GC resins.
PB83-196006 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Long Path Laser Ozone Monitor Evaluation. Final
rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Lucian W. Chaney, and Joachim D. Pleil. Apr 63,65p
EPA-600/3-83-029
Grant EPA-R-80665001
The purpose of the study reported here was to evalu-
ate a long path laser air pollution monitor developed
for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by
the General Electric (GE) Company. The monitor was
known as ILAMS (Infrared Laser Atmospheric Monitor-
ing System) and designed explicitly for measuring the
ambient ozone concentration. The evaluation program
was conducted in both the laboratory and under field
conditions. In addition to the evaluation several system
modifications were carried out such as, the addition of
a beam steering system, the addition of a He-Ne laser
alignment system, and various improvements in laser
alignment techniques. The field study portion of the
evaluation was carried out as a part of the North-East
Oxidant Study (NEROS) and was conducted during the
month of August 1979. The experiments conducted,
the modifications made, and the problems identified
are completely described in the report.
Keywords: 'Monitors, *Air pollution, 'Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Field tests, 'Air pollution detection, 'Infrared laser at-
mospheric monitoring system, Laser applications,
Long path infrared spectroscopy, Laser spectroscopy.
PB83-196014 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Bench-Scale Evaluation of Non-U.S. Coals for NOx
Formation Under Excess Air and Staged Combus-
tion Conditions, Final rept. Jan 81-Jan 82,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
S. L. Chen, D. W. Pershing, and M. P. Heap. Apr 83,
145pEPA-600/7-83-025
Contract EPA-68-02-3658
The report describes results of bench-scale fuel
screening experiments. Twenty non-U.S. coals (includ-
ing lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous) were tested
in a 21 kWt refractory-lined tunnel furnace. NOx emis-
sions were measured as a function of coal composition
and Initial fuel/air contacting rate under excess air
conditions. In addition, in-flame measurements were
made to quantify the influence of stoichiometry and
temperature on the fate of fuel nitrogen species under
staged combustion conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, *Coal, Fur-
naces, Performance evaluation, Assessments, Chemi-
cal reactors, Burners, Design criteria, Laboratory
equipment, Qraphs(Charts), Hydrocarbons, Flames,
Temperature, Foreign, Fuel-air ratio, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB83-196154 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Ambient Acrylonltrlle Levels Near Major Acrylonl-
trite Production and Use Facilities. Final rept,
PEDCo-Envlronmental, Inc., Cincinnati. OH.
Steven J. Howie, and Eugene W. Koesters. Apr 83,
154p 3550-3, EPA-600/4-83-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3496
In this study, ambient acrylonitrile (AN) levels were
measured in the vicinity of two major AN user facilities
and two major AN production facilities. Approximately
100 duplicate air samples were collected on charcoal
sorption tubes at different locations at or beyond the
fenceline of each plant and analyzed by gas chroma-
tography. The data obtained showed a definite pres-
ence of AN downwind of each plant. The levels found,
which varied from a high of 130 part per billion (ppb) to
trace amounts (below 2.5 ppb) varied considerably de-
pending on the date, the sample location, and the
plant tested. The data shows higher levels of AN near
use facilities than near production facilities, but factors
such as distance from potential AN sources to sam-
pling points may have influenced the results.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Acrylonltriles, Manufactur-
ing, Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Chemical analysis, Sampling. Sites,
Tabte8(Data), Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution detection,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality data.
PB83-196220 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1983,2188p-in2v
Set includes PB83-196238, and PB83-196246. See
alSOPB83-141382.
No abstract available.
PB83-196238 PC$118.00/MF$9.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1983,1626p EPA/460-A-83-17
See also PB83-196246, and PB82-198292.
Also available in set of 2 repors PC E99, PB83-
196220.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, *Air pollution control, En-
gines, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust sys-
tems, Automotive industry, Regulations, Manufactur-
ers, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Isuzu automobiles, Motor
vehicles(1983 models), Certification, Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Compliance, Environmental Protection
Agency, Isuzu Motors Limited.
PB83-196246 PCS49.00/MFS6.30
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
AppHcaUon for Certification 1983 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Fiat
Fiat Research and Development, Dearborn, Ml. U.S.A.
Branch.
1983,562p EPA/460-A-83-18
See also PB83-196238, and PB82-148776.
Also available In set of 2 reports PC E99, PB83-
196220.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duly trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control, En-
gines, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust sys-
tems, Automotive industry, Regulations, Manufactur-
ers, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Fiat automobiles, Motor ve-
htcles(1983 models), Certification, Fugitive emissions,
'Compliance, Environmental Protection Agency, Fiat
Research and Development USA Branch.
December 1983 1471
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-196253 PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1963 Modal Yaar
HMvy-Duty Engine*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1983, 2606p-in7v
Set includes PB83-196261 through PB83-196329. See
alsoPB83-141531.
No abstract available.
PB83-198281 PC*43.60/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engine* - Caterpillar.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL
1983,470p EPA/460-A-83-19
See also PB83-196279, and PB82-198326.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, Tractors, Tractor en-
gines, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust sys-
tems, Automotive industry, Manufacturers, Regula-
tions, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Caterpillars, Tractor en-
gines(l983 models), Certification, "Compliance, Fugi-
tive emissions, Environmental Protection Agency, Cat-
erpillar Tractor Company.
PB83-196279 PC$42.00/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application (or Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Cummins Engine
Company, Inc.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
1983,450p EPA/460-A-83-20
See also PB83-196261, PB83-196287, and PB82-
148917.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Diesel engines, Fuel
systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Auto-
motive industry, Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy
duty engines, Diesel enqines(1983 models), Certifica-
tion, 'Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental
Protection Agency, Cummins Engine Company Incor-
porated.
PB83-196287 PC$50.00/MF$6.30
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - General Motore Corpora-
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1983.570p EPA/460-A-83-21
See also PB83-196279, PBB3-196295, and PB82-
198334
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
caldescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming mpdel year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Fuel systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive indus-
try, Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy duty engines,
Heavy duty engines(1983 models), Certification,
'Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, General Motors Corporation.
PB83-196295 PC$32.50/MF$5.70
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN. Truck En-
gineering Center.
1983,290p EPA/460-A-83-22
See also PB83-196287, PB83-196303, and PB82-
198342.
Also available In set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
caldescriptlon of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Fuel systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive indus-
try, Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy duty engines,
Heavy duty engines(1983 models), Certification,
•Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, International Harvester.
PB83-196303 PC$26.50/MF$5.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine* - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1983,191 p EPA/460-A-83-23
See also PB83-196295, PB83-196311. and PB82-
198359.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cardescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Diesel engines, Fuel
systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Auto-
motive industry, Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy
duty engines, Diesel engines(1983 models), Certifica-
tion, 'Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental
Protection Agency, Isuzu Motors America Incorporat-
ed.
PB83-196311 PC$48.SO/MFS6.30
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mack Trucks, Inc.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1963, 552p EPA/460-A-83-24
See also PB83-196303, PB83-196329, and PB82-
198367.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
caldescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Truck engines, Fuel
systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive industry,
Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy duty engines,
Heavy duty engines(l983 models), Certification,
•Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Mack Trucks Incorporated.
PB83-196329 PC$20.00/MF$4.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1983 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engine* - Hlno Motor* (USA), Inc.
Hino Motors (USA), Inc., New York.
1983, 77p EPA/460-A-83-25
See also PB83-196311.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99. PB83-
196253.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed technl-
caldescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Fuel systems, Ex-
haust emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive indus-
try, Manufacturers, Regulations, 'Heavy duty engines,
Heavy duty engines(1983 models), Certification,
'Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Hino Motors USA Incorporated.
PB83-196378 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Nitrogen Oxide* Reaction* within Urban Plume*
Transported over the Ocean. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
1472 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chester W. Spicer, John R. Koetz, G. William Keigley,
George M. Sverdrup, and Gerald F. Ward. Apr 83,
181pEPA-600/3-83-028
Contract EPA-68-02-2957
The report describes an airborne measurements pro-
gram in the downwind urban plume of Boston. The
variables measured included ozone, nitric oxide,
oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid, peroxyacetylnitrate,
carbon monoxide, nonmethane hydrocarbon, freon-
11, C1-C5 hydrocarbons, condensation nuclei, nitrate,
sulfate, temperature, and dew point temperature. The
rate of removal or conversion of nitrogen oxides was
observed to follow psuedo-first order kinetics.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Plumes, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Urban area, Ozone, Nitric acid, Nitrogen oxid(NO),
Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Organic nitrates, Sulfates, Reaction kinetics,
Tables(Data), Sites, Chemical reactions, 'Air pollution
sampling, Path of pollutants, Freon 11.
PB83-196725 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurements of Formaldehyde and Hydrogen
Peroxide In the California South Coast Air Basin.
Final rept. Jul 79-Mar 81.
Harvey Mudd Coll., Claremont, CA. Dept. of Chemistry.
Gregory L. Kok. Apr 83,134p EPA-600/3-83-030
Grant EPA-CR-806629
A chemiluminescent analytical technique for determin-
ing ambient air concentrations of formaldehyde
(HCHO) was developed. The technique makes use of
the chemiluminescent reaction between HCHO and
gallic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in a
Basic solution. Using this technique, HCHO concentra-
tions were measured in the California South Coast Air
Basin. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and several other
pollutants were also measured.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Gas
analysis, Chemiluminescence, California, Chemical
analysis, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
'Air pollution detection, South Coast Air Basin.
PB83-196808 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Performance Test Results and Comparative Data
for Designated Reference Methods for Carbon
Monoxide. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Raymond M. Michie, Jr., John A. Sokash, Dave-Paul
Dayton, Carol R. Sutcliffe, and Frank F. McElroy. Apr
83,84pEPA-600/4-83-013
Contracts EPA-68-02-3222, EPA-68-02-3431
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designates
specific ambient monitoring methods and analyzers as
reference or equivalent methods acceptable for use in
certain required monitoring. Such designation is based
on performance testing or the analyzer by the manu-
facturer (or other applicant) prior to designation. After
designation, EPA carries out further tests of the ana-
lyzer, including performance tests as well as compara-
tive tests to evaluate the performance, reliability, and
operational peculiarities of the analyzer with respect to
other analyzers monitoring the same pollutant. This
report summarizes both the manufacturer's predesig-
nation test results and the available EPA postdeslgna-
tJon test results for currently designated carbon mon-
oxide analyzers. Manufacturer's predesignation test
results are presented for nine analyzers, and all test
results met or exceeded the required specifications.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollu-
tion, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Concentration(Composition), Com-
parison, Manufacturers, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-186816 PC A03/MF A01
Interrelationships between Energy Metabolism,
Growth Dynamics, and Reproduction during the
Life Cycle of 'Myeldopsls bahla' as Influenced by
SuWethal Endrin Exposure,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Charles L. McKenney, Jr. C1982, 32p EPA-600/D-82-
080, ISBN-0-12-718460-0
Pub. in Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant
Toxldty. 198 p447-476 1982. Supersedes PB82-
241894.
The estuarine myside, Mysidopsis bahia, was reared
through an entire life-cycle in a range of endrin con-
centrations. Physiological rates of ammonia excretion
and oxygen consumption were measured for various
life stages. These individual functions and those of
growth and reproduction were combined into bioener-
getic and physiological indices to help describe the
chronic effects of endrin on mysids. Concentrations of
endrin that were chronically lethal stimulated the respi-
ration rates of newly released juveniles after only one
day exposure. Sublethal exposure to endrin reduced
growth rates of rapidly growing juveniles.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Endrin, Metabo-
lism, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Chlorine organic
compounds, Life cycles, Physiological effects,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Mysidopsis
bahia, 'Dimethanonaphthalenes, Toxic substances.
PB83-196840 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Kaneohe Bay Sewage Diversion Experiment: Per-
spectives on Ecosystem Responses to Nutritional
Perturbation. c1982,
Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology, Honolulu.
S. V. Smith, W. J. Kimmerer, E. A. Laws, R. L. Brock,
and T. W. Walsh. 1981,125p EPA-600/J-81 -621, ,
ERLIN-X43
Pub. in Pacific Science, v35, n4 p279-402 Oct 82.
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, received increasing amounts of
sewage from the 1950s through 1977. Most sewage
was diverted from the bay in 1977 and early 1978. This
investigation, begun in January 1976 and continued
through August 1979, described the bay over that
period, with particular reference to the responses of
the ecosystem to sewage diversion. The sewage was
a nutritional subsidy. Alfof the inorganic nitrogen and
most of the inorganic phosphorus introduced into the
ecosystem were taken up biologically before being ad-
vected from the bay. The major uptake was by phyto-
plankton, and the internal water-column cycle between
dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, mi-
croheterotrophs, and detritus supported a rate of pro-
ductivity far exceeding the rate of nutrient loading.
These water-column particles were partly washed out
of the ecosystem and partly sedimented and became
available to the benthos. The primary benthic re-
sponse to nutrient loading was a large buildup of detri-
ttvorous heterotroohic biomass. (Copyright (c) 1981,
by The University Press of Hawaii.)
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Ecology, "Sewage disposal,
•Kaneohe Bay, Diverting, Primary biological productivi-
ty, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Biomass, Nutrients,
Benthos, Photographs, Hawaii, Reprints, 'Ocean
waste disposal, Organic loading, Ecosystems.
PB83-197673 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Implementation and Analysis of Hydrocarbon
Grab Samples from Cleveland and Cincinnati 1981
Ozone Monitoring Study. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Michael Holdren, Chester Spicer. Phillip Sticksel,
Kevin Nepsund, and Gerald Ward. Aug 82,132p EPA-
905/4-82-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3572
In order to fulfill part of the requirements, Region V of
the U. S. EPA, In cooperation with the State of Ohio,
issued a contract to Battelle to provide the detailed C2
to C10 hydrocarbon data. Specifically the proposed re-
search contract required these measurements to be
made by Battelle at four urban sites, two in Cincinnati
and two in Cleveland. At these four locations, 6-9 am
integrated bag samples were collected dally and trans-
ferred to specially treated aluminum cylinders. On EPA
specified days these canisters were then shipped to
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, for analysis. A total
of 60 samples was to be analyzed during the course of
the field project. This report includes those results
along with a description of the sampling and analytical
techniques employed in that effort.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Hydrocarbons, Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Sites, Sampling, Cleveland,
Cincinnati, Gas chromatography,
ConcentratJon(Composltbn), 'Air pollution sampling,
•Air pollution detection. Cleveland(Ohio),
Cincinnati(Ohio).
PB83-197681 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Non-Methane Organic Compound Continuous
Monitoring In Cleveland and Cincinnati: 1981
Ozone Monitoring Study. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
E. W. Mullin, Jr. Aug 82,34p EPA-905/4-82-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
This program was proposed to obtain Non-Methane
Organic Compound (NMOC) data for days of high
ozone concentration during the summer of 1981. Data
were especially needed in the vicinity of Cleveland and
Cincinnati to provide the needed input into the produc-
tive model that will be used to demonstrate attainment
of the ambient ozone standard.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, Cleve-
land, Cincinnati, Calibrating, Sites, Quality assurances.
PB83-197731 PC A12/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis of Environmental
Standards for Uranium Mill Tailing* at Active
Sites. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington. DC.
Mar 83, 263p EPA-520/1-82-023
The Environmental Protection Agency was directed by
Congress, under PL 95-604, the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act of 1978, to set standards of gen-
eral application that provide protection from the haz-
ards associated with uranium mill tailings. Title I of the
Act pertains to tailings at inactive sites for which the
Agency has developed standards as part of a separate
rulemaking. Title II of the Act requires standards coyer-
ing the processing and disposal of byproduct materials
at mills which are currently licensed by the appropriate
regulatory authorities. This Regulatory Impact Analysis
(R1A) addresses the standards developed under Title
II. There are two major parts of the standards for active
mills: standards for control of releases from tailings
during processing operations and prior to final dispos-
al, and standards for protection of the public after the
disposal of tailings. This report presents a detailed
analysis of standards for disposal only, since the anal-
ysis required for the operations standards is very limit-
ed.
Keywords: 'Standards, Radioactive contaminants. Ra-
diation hazards, Environmental impacts, Economic
analysis, 'Uranium mills, 'Mill tailings, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Con-
trol Act of 1978, Health risks.
PB83-197921 PC A99/MF EM
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guideline* and Standards for the Battery Manu-
facturing Point Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Drv.
Mary L Belefski, and Ernest P. Hall. Oct 82,1150p
EPA-440/1-82/067-B
The document presents data rationale and technical
aspects of the proposed effluent limitations and stand-
ards for the battery manufacturing industry published
in the Federal Register on November 10,1982 (47 FR
51052-218).
Keywords: 'Electric batteries, 'Water pollution control.
'Standards, 'Guidelines, Industrial wastes, Technolo-
gy, Cost analysis, 'Point sources, Best technology,
Pretreatment(Water), New source performance stand-
ards.
PB83-198051 CP T04
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mike Shannon, Ed ParUngton, and George Andritus.
30 Mar 83, mag tape EPA/DF-83/006
Supersedes PB82-149923.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
December 1983 1473
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This file contains information on facilities classified as
hazardous waste handlers. The data was compiled for
the RCRA on EPA Form 8700-12, Notification of Haz-
ardous Waste Activity. Data includes name(s) and
address(es) of the facility owner and operator; trans-
portation mode(s); whether generator, transporter or
disposer of waste(s); and the code number(s) of
waste(s) generated. The facilities are sorted by region,
state, ana facility identification number. This file is cur-
rent as of March 30,1983 and will be updated with in-
formation compiled from EPA Form 3510-3, Applica-
tion for a Hazardous Waste Permit.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, Waste
disposal, Licenses.
PB83-198556 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Noise Abatement and Control.
Methods lor Assessing Benefits ol Airborne
Noise Isolation Requirements In Residential and
Educational Buildings. Final rapt,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Engineering Lab.
Fred F. Rudder, Jr. Apr 83, 67p NBSIR-83-2680
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency. Washington, DC. Office of Noise Abatement
and Control.
This report presents a method for estimating benefits
accruing from implementing acoustical performance
requirements for new buildings. The method can be
applied to a wide range of environmental noise condi-
tions and noise isolation requirements for building en-
velopes. Benefits are estimated based upon the distri-
bution of population with outdoor noise level and the
noise isolation provided by the building envelope. A
method is described for estimating noise isolation per-
formance of existing construction based upon local
conditions.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Noise reduction, Acoustic
measurement, Environmental impacts, Noise pollution,
Building codes, 'Noise levels.
PB83-198598 PC A15/MF A01
Development Document lor Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Coll Coating
Point Source Category: Canmaklng Subcategory
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Ernst P. Hall, Mary L. Belefski, and Jeffery D. Denit.
Mar 83, 340p EPA-440/1-83/071-B
Pursuant to Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of
the Clean Water Act, EPA has collected and analyzed
data for plants in the Canmaking Subcategory of the
Coil Coating Point Source Category. There are no ex-
isting national effluent limitations or standards for can-
making. This document and the administrative record
provide the technical basis for proposing effluent limi-
tations for existing direct dischargers, standards for
new source direct dischargers, and pretreatment
standards for new and existing indirect dischargers.
The regulation of canmaking is included in the coil
coating category because the materials processed,
processes used, and wastewater characteristics are
generally similar to those in coil coating.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Guidelines,
•Standards, 'Coils, 'Coatings, Law enforcements,
Technology, Cost analysis, Sampling, Cans, Sources,
'Point sources, Best technology, New source perform-
ance standards, Pretreatmentfwater).
PB83-1W075 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program USEPA (United
States Environmental Protection Administration),
Washtenaw County, Michigan. Evaluation of
Urban Stormwater Runoff and Management Prac-
tices for Controlling Urban Stormwater Runoff:
Summary Report. Final rept. Mar 78-Mar 83,
Environmental Control Technology Corp., Ann Arbor,
Ml.
Dale A. Scherger. John A. Davis, and Jeffery L.
Bruestle. Mar83,72p
Sponsored in part by Southeast Michigan Council of
Governments, Detroit. Errata sheet inserted.
Evaluation of nonpoint source pollution generated by
Stormwater runoff in an urban environment, and best
management practices to control it. Those practices
studied by this project included (1) a wet detention
basin, (2) a wetland, and (3) an off-line dry detention
basin.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Stream flow, Rainfall, Storms, Snowmelt, Storm drains,
Sediments, Civil engineering, Swamps, Marshes,
•Storm water runoff, Nonpoint sources, Urban hydrolo-
gy. Best management practices.
PB83-199190 PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 30. The Electronic Component Manufac-
turing Industry. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 83,235p* EPA-600/2-83-033
Contract EPA-68-03-2924
See also PB81-164915 and PB-266 226.
This report is one of a series constituting the catalog of
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use.
Each industry sector is addressed as a separate chap-
ter of the study. The catalog was developed for the
purpose of compiling relevant information concerning
air, water, and solid waste emissions from industries
which employ similar technologies, have common
types of environmental impacts, and supply their prod-
ucts for further processing or consumption to the same
general population of customers. This report address-
es the following segments of the electronic component
manufacturing industry: semiconductors, SIC 3674;
capacitors, SIC 3675; resistors, SIC 3676; transformer
and inductors, SIC 3677; printed circuit boards, SIC
3679052; electron tubes, SIC 36711, 36713; and cath-
ode ray tubes, SIC 36712, 3671385.
Keywords: 'Electric equipment, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Air pollution, Water pollution, Manufacturing,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Solid wastes, SIC-3674,
SIC-3675, SIC-3676, SIC-3677, SIC-3679052, SIC-
36711, SIC-36713, SIC-36712, SIC-3671385.
PB83-199208 PC A07/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards lor the Electrical and
Electronic Components Point Source Category.
Phase II,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
John C. Newbough. Feb 83,146p EPA-440/1 -83/075-
B
See also PB82-249673.
This document presents the findings of the EPA Phase
II study of the Electrical and Electronic Components
Point Source Category. The Phase II study examines
the electron tubes and luminiscent materials subcate-
gories of ECEL, the document (1) explains which sub-
categories and pollutants are regulated/and which are
not; (2) discusses the reasons; and (3) explains how
the limitations were developed.
Keywords: 'Electrical industry, 'Guidelines, 'Stand-
ards, Law enforcement, Regulations, Cost analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes,
Tables(Data), Water pollution control, 'Point sources,
Water pollution abatement, Best technology.
PC A14/MF A01
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
PB83-199224
Environmental
Region X.
Environmental Impact Statement: Municipality of
Metropolitan Seattle Sludge Management Plan.
Draft rept.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Apr 83,313p EPA-910/9-83-099
The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) has
identified four broad categories of sludge management
alternatives to be pursued over the next 15-20 year
planning period. The categories include composting,
application to silviculture lands, application to agricul-
ture lands and soil improvement. The Draft EIS identi-
fies and evaluates potential impacts of these alterna-
tives to geology, soils, public health, surface and
groundwater quality, land use, vegetation and crops,
terrestrial wildlife and aquatic life. Recommended miti-
gation measures are described. Also included is a de-
tailed analysis of a proposed demonstration project on
72 acres of forest land in Western Washington.
Keywords: 'Sludge treatment, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, Substitutes, Public health, Ground
water, Water quality, Land use, Vegetation, Geology,
Surface water, Farm crops, Forest land,
Washington(State), 'Land disposal, Solid wastes,
Seattle(Washington), Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-199257 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runnoff Program - USEPA
(United States Environmental Protection Adminis-
tration), Washtenaw County, Michigan. Evaluation
of Urban Stormwater Runoff and Management
Practices for Controlling Urban Stormwater
Runoff. Final summary rept. Mar 78-Mar 83,
Environmental Control Technology Corp., Ann Arbor,
Ml.
Dale A. Scherger, John A. Davis, and Jeffery L.
Bruestle. Mar 83, 517p
Sponsored in part by Southeast Michigan Council of
Governments, Detroit. Errata sheet inserted.
Evaluation of nonpoint source pollution generated by
Stormwater runoff in an urban environment, and best
management practices to control it. Those practices
studied by this project included (1) a wet detention
basin, (2) a wetland, and (3) an off-line dry detention
basin.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Stream pollution, Rainfall, Stream flow, Sediment
transport, Huron River, Civil engineering, Industries,
Land use, Storm sewers, Marshes, Reservoirs,
Lagoons(Ponds), Sewage disposal, Residential build-
ings. Automobiles, Michigan, 'Storm water runoff,
'Nonpoint sources, Best management practices,
Urban hydrology, Wetlands, Ann Arbor(Michigan),
Design storm.
PB83-200121 PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Pollution Control Technical Manual: Modified 'In
Situ' OH Shale Retorting Combined with Lurgl Sur-
face Retorting. Final rept.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Apr 83, 429p EPA-600/8-83-004
Grant EPA-R-807294
See also PB83-200204.
The oil shale PCTM for Modified In Situ Oil Shale Re-
torting combined with Lurgi Surface Retorting address-
es the application of this combination of technologies
to the development of oil shale resources in the west-
ern United States. This manual describes the com-
bined plant using Lurgi surface retorting technology
(developed by Lurgi Konle and Mineralotechnik GmbH,
West Germany) and the Modified In Situ process (de-
veloped by Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.) proposed by Oc-
cidental Oil Shale, Inc. and Tenneco Shale Oil Compa-
ny for use in the development of their Federal oil shale
lease Tract C-b in western Colorado. Since details re-
garding waste streams and control technologies for
the Lurgi process are presented in a separate PCTM,
this document focuses principally on the Modified In
Situ process.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, 'Environment surveys,
'Oil shale, In situ combustion, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion pollutants, Technology, 'In situ retorting,
'Lurgi process.
PB83-200188 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of Industrial Applications of Aqueous-
Phase Activated-Carbon Adsorption for Control
of Pollutant Compounds from Manufacture of Or-
ganic Compounds. Final rept. Apr 79-Mar 80,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
William L Troxler, Charles S. Parmele, and Douglas A.
Barton. Apr 83,115p EPA-600/2-83-034
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
This study covers industrial use of activated carbon for
aqueous-phase applications. The report includes full-
scale, pilot and laboratory granular and powdered acti-
1474 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vated carbon performance data, as indicated by meas-
urement of gross parameters such as TOG and COD.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Organic com-
pounds, 'Activated carbon treatment, Industrial waste
treatment, Adsorption, Performance evaluation, Pilot
plants, Laboratory equipment, Surveys, Best technolo-
gy, Granular activated carbon treatment.
PB83-200204 PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Labs.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Pollution Control Technical Manual: Lurgl Oil
Shale Retorting with Open Pit Mining. Final rept.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Apr 83, 363p EPA-600/8-83-005
Grant EPA-R-807294
SeealsoPB83-200l21.
The Lurgi oil shale PCTM addresses the Lurgl retorting
technology, developed by Lurgi Kohle and Mineralo-
technik GmbH, West Germany, in the manner in which
this technology may be applied to the oil shales of the
western United States. This manual proceeds through
a description of the Lurgi oil shale plant proposed by
Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company, characterizes the
waste streams produced in each medium, and dis-
cusses the array of commercially available controls
which can be applied to the Lurgi plant waste streams.
From these generally characterized controls, several
are examined in more detail for each medium in order
to Illustrate typical control technology operation. Con-
trol technology cost and performance estimates are
presented, together with descriptions of the discharge
streams, secondary waste streams and energy re-
quirements. A summary of data limitations and needs
for environmental and control technology consider-
ations Is presented.
Keywords: *OII shale, 'Pollution control, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Air pollution, Water pollution, Cost analy-
sis, Technology, Performance evaluation, Open pit
mining, Design criteria, 'Lurgi-ruhrgas process, 'Oil
shale processing plants, Retorting, Solid wastes.
PB83-200212 PC A19/MF A01
Induatrial Environmental Research Lab.-Clnclnnatl,
OH.
Pollution Control Technical Manual: TOSCO 2 Oil
Shale Retorting with Underground Mining. Final
rept.
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Apr 83,433p EPA-600/8-83-003
Grant EPA-R-807294
SeealsoPB83-200121.
This manual proceeds through a description of the
TOSCO II oil shale plant proposed by Colony Develop-
ment Operation, characterizes the waste streams pro-
duced in each medium, and discusses the array of
commercially available controls which can be applied
to the TOSCO II plant waste streams. From these gen-
erally characterized controls, several are examined In
more detail for each medium in order to illustrate typi-
cal control technology operation. Control technology
cost and performance estimates are presented, to-
gether with descriptions of the discharge streams, sec-
ondary waste streams and energy requirements. A
summary of data limitations and needs for environ-
mental and control technology considerations is pre-
sented. K
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Pollution control, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Water pollution, Air pollution, Cost analy-
sis, Technology, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, 'TOSCO process, 'Oil shale processing plants,
Solid wastes, In-situ retorting.
PB83-200238 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Performance Test Result* and Comparative Data
for Designated Reference Method* for Nitrogen
Dioxide,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Raymond M. Michie, Jr., John A. Sokash, Betsy P
Fritschel, Frank F. McElroy, and Vinson L Thompson.
May 83,116p EPA-600/4-83-019
Contracts EPA-68-02-3222. EPA-68-02-3431
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designates
specific ambient monitoring methods and analyzers as
reference or equivalent methods acceptable for use in
certain required monitoring. Such designation is based
on performance testing of the analyzer model by the
manufacturer (or other applicant) prior to designation.
After designation, EPA carries put further tests to
evaluate the performance, reliability, and operational
peculiarities of the analyzer with respect to other ana-
lyzers monitoring the same pollutant. This report sum-
marizes both the manufacturer's predesignation test
results and the available EPA postdesignation test re-
sults for currently designated Nitrogen dioxide analyz-
ers.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Air pollution,
Performance evaluation, Graphs(Charts), Design crite-
ria, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-200360 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Traingle Park, NC.
Studies of NOx Reactions and O3 Transport In
Southern California - Fall, 1976. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Chester W. Spicer, Darrell W. oseph, and Gerald F.
Ward. Apr 83, 318p EPA-600/3-83-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2439
The report describes a four week study of oxides of ni-
trogen chemistry and ozone transport in and around
the southcoast air basin of California in the fall of 1976.
The data base was obtained using three ground-level
monitoring stations and a twin engine Instrumented air-
craft. Measurements made at ground sites included
ozone, nitric oxide, oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid, per-
oxyacetylnitrate, sulfur dioxide, Freon-11, nonmethane
hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ni-
trate, sulfate, ammonium, and total nitrogen. The air-
craft made up to three flights per day measuring
ozone, nitric oxide, oxides ofnitrogen, peroxyacetylni-
trate, nonmethane hydrocarbon, methane, carbon
monoxide, ethylene, ethane, Freon-11 and tempera-
ture. The report discusses the ground-station data in
terms of aerosol nitrogen balance, size distribution of
aerosol constitutents, distribution of oxidized nitrogen,
nitrogen /sulfur relationships and nitrogen mass bal-
ance. Aircraft data are used to support the ground sta-
tion data and the conclusions made from data analy-
sis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Ozone,
Transport properties, California, Aerial surveys, Sites,
Graphs(Charts), Aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Ethyl-
ene, Ethane, Methane, Ammonium, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution sampling,
Freon 11, Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB83-200600 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Prototype Computer-Interactive Goundwater
Monitoring Methodology: An Example for Sedi-
mentation Ponds. Prqi. rept. 1979-81,
Kaman Tempo, Santa Barbara, CA.
L. G. Everett, W. O. Rasmussen, and Kaman Tempo.
Apr 83,187p EPA-600/4-83-017
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
This report describes a prototype computer-interactive
system that assists the development of a groundwater
monitoring program for sedimentation ponds at coal
strip mines. Even though the monitoring of sedimenta-
tion ponds is used as an example, the system consists
of a set of instructions applicable to monitoring any
specific groundwater pollution source. The instructions
enable the user to select from a large amount of text
information those portions appropnate to be written
into his own file.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Ground water,
'Sedimentation, Lagoons(Ponds), Monitoring, Proto-
types, Coal mining, Strip mining, Mine waters, Fortran,
Computer programs, Thickness, Runoff, Flowcharting,
Nevada, MAIN DRIVER computer program, Fortran 4
programming language.
PB83-200618 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of Industrial Application* of Vapor-Phase
Activated-Carbon Adsorption for Control of Pol-
lutant Compounds from Manufacture of Organic
Compounds. Final rept. Apr 79-Mar 80,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
F. D. Hobbs, C. S. Parmele, and D. A. Barton. Apr 83,
53p EPA-600/2-83-035
Contract EPA-68-03-2568
This study covers industrial use of activated carbon for
vapor-phase applications. A listing of over 700 applica-
tions of vapor-phase carbon systems is made avail-
able for use in identifying sites where a given com-
pound is being removed.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Organic compounds, Tables(Data), Sur-
veys, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Pilot plants, Adsorption.
PB83-200626 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
COMPLEX/PFM Air Quality Model, User'* Quid*.
Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
D. G. Strimaitis, J. S. Scire, and A. Bass. May 83, 1 1 7p
EPA-600/8-83-015
Contract EPA-69-02-2759
A user's guide has been assembled to describe the
purpose, design, and operation of the COMPLEX/PFM
air quality modeling system. The system combines the
features of the Potential Flow Model (PFM) with those
of the EPA COMPLEX I and Complex II models to
produce a potential flow complex terrain model for rou-
tine application. Potential flow dispersion calculations
may be selected as an option within COMPLEX/PFM.
When this option is selected, the model requires hourly
wind speed and temperature profiles in order to calcu-
late hourly mixing heights, hourly plume rise (using a
layered plume rise equation), and hourly values of the
critical dividing streamline height. A preprocessor is
provided to interpolate hourly profile data from mom-
ing and evening radiosonde data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Manuals, Plumes, Terrain, Wind velocity, 'Air quality,
•COMPLEX/PFM model, Potential flow model.
PB83-200634 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Resource and Environmental Impscts of Trends
In U.S. Agriculture. Final rept. Got 78-Dec 80
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Pierre Crosson, and Sterling Brubaker. May 83,237p
EPA-600/3-82-031
Grant EPA-R-806023
Trends in demand for U.S. agricultural production and
in agricultural technology suggest increasing pressure
on the nation's land and water resources over the next
several decades. The expected consequences would
be rising economic costs of production and damages
to the environment. This study analyzes those trends,
assesses their economic and environmental impacts
and discusses policies for dealing with their impacts.
The quantities of land, water and other resources
farmers use to increase production depend basically
on the kinds of technologies they employ. Two catego-
ries of technology are distinguished-land-using tech-
nologies and land-saving technologies. Analysis of
trends indicates that an additional 60 to 70 million
acres will be brought into production and that erosion
will emerge as the most serious environmental prob-
lem of agnculture.
Keywords: 'Production, 'Environmental impacts, 'Ag-
riculture, Trends, Land use, Water resources, Cost
analysis, Damage, Government policies, Savings,
Technology assessment, Prices, Soil erosion, Fertiliz-
ers, Insecticides, Reduction, Herbicides, Increasing,
Alternative planning, Energy accounting.
PB83-2017M PC A04/MF A01
Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Munici-
pal snd Industrial Wastewater,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
James E. Longbottom, and James J. Lichtenberg. Jul
82,61 p EPA-600/4-82-057
To provide the Effluent Guidelines Division of USEPA
with a means of measuring the concentration of pollut-
ants in municipal and industrial wastewaters, the
USEPA's Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab-
December 1983 1475
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oratory in Cincinnati, and the Environmental Research
Laboratory in Athens, Georgia, collaborated on a re-
search project that resulted in an analytical protocol
that was successfully applied to a variety of
wastewaters. The gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (GC/MS) procedures in that protocol for the
measurement of organic pollutants were the forerun-
ners of methods 624 and 625 that appear in this
manual.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Water analysis, "Organic
compounds, Sewage, Industrial wastes, Chemical
analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
•Water pollution detection, Sewage treatment ef-
fluents, Procedures.
PB83-201962 PC A09/MF A01
User's Manual for the Chemical Transport and
Fate Model (TOXIWASP), Vslon 1. Final rept. Mar
81-NOV82,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Robert B. Ambrose, Jr., Sam I. Hill, and Lee A. Mulkey.
Mar 83,189p EPA-600/3-83-005
This manual describes the dynamic model TOXIWASP
for simulating the transport and fate of toxic chemicals
in water bodies. TOXIWASP combines the kinetic
structure adapted from the Exposure Analysis Model-
ing System (EXAMS) with the transport framework pro-
vided by the Water Analysis Simulation Program
(WASP), along with simple sediment balance algo-
rithms. TOXIWASP formulates variable chemical de-
gration rates from chemical characteristics of a com-
pound and the environmental parameters of the aquat-
ic system. These rates combine calculated first order
rates due to several processes, including hydrolysis,
biolysis, photolysis, oxidation, and volatilization. Sorp-
tion onto sediments and onto biomass is calculated
assuming local equilibrium, using a chemical specific
partition coefficient, and spatially varying environmen-
tal organic carbon fractions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution,
Manuals, Sediment transport, Kinetics, Hydrolysis,
Photolysis, Oxidation, Vaporizing, Adsorption, Bio-
mass, Carbon, Degradation, RateslPer time),
TOXIWASP model, EXAMS system, WASP computer
program.
PB83-202010 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Coal Preparation Survey. Final rept. Feb 82-Aug 82,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
Sandra Beaton, and Robert R. Hall. Aug 82,58p GCA-
TR-82-36-G, EPA-905/2-82-002
Contract EPA-68-01-6421
GCA identified 165 physical coal cleaning plants with a
raw coal capacity of 500 tons/hr or greater. Of these
165 plants, additional information on the sulfur and ash
content of the raw and prepared coals was collected
for 49 coal preparation plants. Calculations were per-
formed to determine the percent sulfur and ash reduc-
tion due to physical coal cleaning processes. The re-
duction in sulfur content varied from 0 to 57 percent by
weight while the reduction in ash content varied from
10 to 85 percent by weight. These values are well
within the range of results previously reported in the lit-
erature.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, Surveys, Sulfur, Air pol-
lution, Desulfurization, Froth flotation, Tables(Data),
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Cyclone sep-
arators, Classifiers, "Air pollution abatement, Physical
treatment.
PB83-202069 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fate of Coal Nitrogen during Combustion. Journal
article,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
S. L. Chen, M. P. Heap, D. W. Pershing, and G. B.
Martin. 1982,9p EPA-600/J-82-314
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
Pub. in FUEL, v61 p1218-1224 Dec 82.
The paper describes the burning of 21 coals, covering
all ranks and under a wide variety of conditions, to as-
certain the impact of coal properties on the fate of fuel
nitrogen. Fuel NC was identified by using a nitrogen-
free oxidant consisting of Ar/O2/CO2. It was found
that fuel NO formation depends on the reactivity of
volatile nitrogen as well as on total nitrogen content.
Internal species concentrations were measured under
fuel-rich conditions, and it was found that: (1) the parti-
tion of nitrogen between NO, NH3, and HCN was de-
pendent on coal type; and (2) total gas-phase nitrogen
species (fuel rich) correlated with exhaust NO (fuel
lean). This work will help in the generalization of low
NOx burner technology to a wide range of fuels.
Keywords: "Coal, "Nitrogen, "Air pollution control,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Ranking, Ni-
trogen oxides, Furnaces, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Ammo-
nia, Hydrogen cyanide, Fuels, Reprints.
PB83-202234 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Synthesis of Biological Data from the Strait of
Juan de Fuca and Northern Puget Sound,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, WA. Office of Marine Pollution Assessment.
Edward R. Long. Feb 82, 317p EPA-600/7-82-004
This report summarizes the biological data collected
during a 5-year research project, titled 'An Environ-
mental Assessment of Northern Puget Sound and the
Strait of Juan de Fuca.' This report also incorporates
biological data collected during a similar program con-
ducted by the Washington Department of Ecology,
titled 'North Puget Sound Baseline Study.' The report
provides an overview of the geography, geology,
oceanography, and habitat characteristics of the study
area. Summarized information on food webs, biologi-
cal communities, migrations, reproductive processes,
and natural stresses is provided. Major habitat types
are defined and characterized by physical and biologi-
cal parameters. Descriptions are provided for the
structures of biological communities associated with
each major habitat type; major trophic interactions;
trends in organism density, community biomass and
species richness.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Marine biology, "Juan de Fuca
Strait, *Puget Sound, Food chains, Microorganisms,
Algae, Stresses, Density(Mass/volume), Biomass,
•Habitats.
PB83-204107 PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nitrates: An Environmental Assessment. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1978,750j>
Contract EPA-68-01 -3253
This report concentrates on some specific environ-
mental issues related to nitrates, including, impacts of
nitrates on human health, ecological effects of ni-
trates, and potential depletion of the stratospheric
ozone layer by human activities that fix nitrogen, and
subsequent effects of such depletion of ozone on
man, ecosystems, and climate.
Keywords: 'Organic nitrates, "Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Public health, Exposure, Risk, Ecology,
Fertilizers, Water pollution, Air pollution, Ozone, Strat-
osphere, Plants(Botany), Animals,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Nitrogen fixation, Tpxicity,
Diets, Policies, Economic analysis, Control, Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Cancer, 'Nitrates.
PB83-204834 PC A07/MF A01
Annual Environmental Review Conference (6th)
Held at Atlanta, Georgia on October 21-22, 1983.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency. Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Mar 83,142p EPA-904/9-83-110
Speakers for the Conference spoke regarding the
NEPA and Federal Decision Making Process; Regard-
ing 'Improving the NEPA Process'; Regarding 'Reform
of the Corps Regulatory Program'; and Regarding 'The
Federal Governments' Effort to Dismantle the Clean
Water Act 404 Program: The Counteroffensive
Keywords: "Pollution, "Environmental impacts, "Meet-
ings, Decision making, Regulations, National govern-
ment, Project planning.
PB83-204883 PC A14/MF A01
Controlling Emissions from Light-Duty Motor Ve-
hicles at Higher Elevations: A Report to Congress.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Feb 83, 321 p EPA-460/3-83-001
This report evaluates various strategies for controlling
high-altitude emissions from light-duty motor vehicles.
Section 206 (f) (1) of the Clean Air Act, as amended re-
quires all light-duty vehicles made during or after the
1984 model year to meet the applicable Federal emis-
sion standards regardless of the altitude at which they
are sold. Section 206 (f) (2) of the Clean Air Act, as
amended requires the United States Environmental
Protection Agency to analyze the above 'all altitude'
requirement, in addition to separate proportional emis-
sion standards for high-altitude areas. This document
fulfills that Congressional mandate. In addition this
report also analyzes the consequences of high-altitude
standards for light-duty trucks and possible revisions in
the current low-altitude standards.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Exhaust emissions, Eco-
nomic impact, Trucks, Automobiles, Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Diesel engines, Gasoline engines,
Standards, "Light duty vehicles, "High altitude tests.
PB83-205237 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Environmental Impact Statement, Phase 1 Report
Freshwater Wetlands from Wastewater Manage-
ment.
Terry (Claude) and Associates, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Mar 83, 400p EPA-904/9-83-107
Prepared in cooperation with Gannett Fleming Corddry
and Carpenter, Inc., Harrisburg, PA.
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is being
prepared by EPA, Region IV to assess the use of fresh-
water wetlands for wastewater management in the
southeastern United States. Phase I of the EIS is an in-
ventory and problem assessment effort. The existing
and potential use of freshwater wetlands for
wastewater management were examined from the
standpoint of institutional, scientific and engineering
concerns.
Keywords: "Fresh water, "Swamps, "Sewage dispos-
al, "Sewage treatment, "Environmental impacts, In-
ventories, Classifications, Profiles, Geomorphology,
Biological productivity, Ecology, Water pollution,
Ground water, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Nutrients,
Government policies, Civil engineering, Wildlife, Public
health, Hydrology, Safety, "Wetlands, Southeast
Region(United States), "Habitats, Ownership.
PB83-205542 PC A22/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Coll Coating
Point Source Category (Phase 1). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Anne M. Gorsuch, Frederic A. Eidsness, Jr., Steven
Schatzow, Jerfery D. Denit, and Ernst P. Hall. Nov 82,
505pEPA-440/1-82/071
This document presents data rationale and technical
aspects of the promulgated effluent limitations and
standards for the coil coating category published in the
Federal Register on December 1,1982.
Keywords: "Metal finishing, "Sewage treatment,
"Water pollution control, Standards, Regulations,
Coils, Coating process, Tables(Data), "Coil coating.
PB83-205625 PC E99
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and
Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Feb 83,471p-in3v
Set includes PB83-205633, PB83-205658.
No abstract available.
1476 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-205633 PC A20/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and
Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry, Point
Source Category. Volume 1. (BPT) (Best Practica-
ble Technology),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Elwood H. Forsht. Feb83,471p* EPA-440/1-83/
009B-VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB83-205641.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
205625.
This document presents the findings of studies of the
organic chemicals and plastics and synthetic fibers
manufacturing point source category for the purpose
of developing effluent limitations guidelines for existing
point sources. Effluent limitations guidelines proposed
herein are for 'best practicable technology', 'best con-
ventional technology', and 'best available technology1,
new source performance standards and pretreatment
standards, this document contains the supporting
data and rationale for development of the effluent limi-
tations and guidelines including subcategorization
schemes, wastewater characteristics, treatment tech-
nologies and costs.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, 'Guidelines,
•Plastics industry, "Organic compounds, "Synthetic
fibers, Regulations, Technology, Cost analysis, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Standards, "Point sources, Best
technology, New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB83-205641 PC A15/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and
Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry, Point
Source Category. Volume 2. (BAT) (Best Available
Technology),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
E. H. Forsht. Feb 83.334p" EPA-440/1-83/009B-
VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB83-205633 and Volume 3,
PB83-205658.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
205625.
This document presents the findings of studies of the
organic chemicals and plastics and synthetic fibers
manufacturing point source category for the purpose
of developing effluent limitations guidelines for existing
point sources. This document contains the supporting
data and rationale for development of the effluent limi-
tations and guidelines including subcategorization
schemes, wastewater characteristics, treatment tech-
nologies and costs.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Guidelines,
"Plastics industry, "Organic compounds, "Synthetic
fibers, Regulations, Technology, Cost analysis, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Standards, "Point sources, Best
technology. New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB83-205658 PC A25/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and
Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry, Point
Source Category. Volume 3. (BAT) (Best Available
Technology),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Elwood H. Forst. Feb 83, 586p* EPA-44071-83/009B-
VOL-3
See also Volume 2, PB83-205641.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
205625.
This document presents the findings of studies of the
organic chemicals and plastics and synthetic fibers
manufacturing point source category for the purpose
of developing effluent limitations guidelines for existing
point sources. Effluent limitations guidelines proposed
herein are for 'best practicable technology', 'best con-
ventional technology', and 'best available technology',
new source performance standards and pretreatment
standards as required under Sections 301, 304, 306
307, and 501 of the Clean Water Act (the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq., as amended by the Clean Water
Act of 1977, P.L. 95-217 (the 'A9t')), and as required
under the Settlement Agreement in Natural Resources
Defense Council, Inc. v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C.
1976), modified 12 ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979), and modi-
fied again by order of the court dated October 26,
1982.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Guidelines,
"Plastics industry, "Organic compounds, "Synthetic
fibers, Regulations, Technology, Cost analysis, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Standards, "Point sources, Best
technology, New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB83-206011 PCA05/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Guidelines and Standards for the Electrical and
Electronic Components Industry. Phase 2: Cath-
ode Ray and Luminescent Coatings Subcategor-
les.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Feb 83, 94p EPA-440/2-83-001
The study is concerned with two industry subcategor-
ies that are part of the electrical and electronic compo-
nent industry. The two are cathode ray tubes and lumi-
nescent coatings. Several wastewater treatment alter-
natives were developed for the two industry subcate-
gories in response to federal legislation. The 1972
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (and subsequent
litigation) and the Clean Water Act of 1977, require
EPA to develop a program and adhere to a schedule in
promulgating effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards and pretreatment
standards for 65 groups of 'priority' pollutants for 21
major industries. This study presents for consideration,
the projected economic impacts of complying with pro-
posed regulations as required by the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: "Electronic industry, "Economic impact, Ef-
fluents, Coatings, Cathode ray tubes, Standards,
Guidelines, Industrial waste treatment, Luminescence,
"Waste water treatment, Water pollution control.
PB83-20646B PC A03/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1963 (4th Annual
Report) Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 63.
Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control.
1964,33pPHS-847/63
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: summa-
ries by State, sources, operations subgroup, water
body, average number of fish killed, changes in aquatic
food organisms, corrective action, severity, type of
water, month, and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, 'Water pollution, States(United
States), Tables(Data), Sources, Mortality, Feeding
stuffs, "Fish kills.
PB83-206474 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1962 (3rd Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 62.
Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control.
1963,25pPHS-847/62
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: summa-
ries by State, sources, water body, average number of
fish killed, type of fish, changes in aquatic food orga-
nisms, corrective action, severity, selected questions,
type of water, month, and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution, Mortality
StatesfUnited States), Tables(Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations. Fish kills.
PB83-206482 PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Pollution-Caused Fish Kills Reported
In 1960 (1st Annual Report). Rept. for 1 Jun-31 Dec
60.
Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control.
1960,23pPHS-847/60
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: summa-
ries by State, source, water body, average number of
fish killed, changes in aquatic food organisms, correc-
tive action, severity, selected questions, type of water,
month, and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United States), Tables(Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fish kills.
PB83-206490 PC A03/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1964 (5th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 64,
Public Health Service, Washington, DC, Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control.
1965,33pPHS-847/64
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: histori-
cal summary, summaries by State, source, operation
subgroup, water body, severity, type of water, month,
and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United States), Tables(Data). Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations.
PB83-206508 PC A03/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1965 (6th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 65.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
1966,33pWP-12
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: Histori-
cal Summary, summaries by State, source, operations
subgroup, water body, severity, type of water, month,
and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution, Mortality,
StatesfUnited States), Tables(Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fish kills.
PB83-206S16 PC A02/MF A01
Pollutlon-CauMd Fl»h Kills In 1966 (7th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 66.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
1967,20pCWA-7-67
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: Histori-
cal Summary, summaries by state, source, water body,
operation, severity, type of water, month, and duration.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution. Mortality, States
(United States), Tables (Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fishkills.
PB83-206524 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1968 (9th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 68.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
1969,18pCWA-7-69
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source, -
water body, severity, type of water, month, and dura-
tion.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Water pollution, Mortality, States
(United States), Tables (6ata), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fishkills.
PB83-206S32 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1967 (8th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 67.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
December 1983 1477
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1968,19pCWA-7-68
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
water body, operation, severity, type of water, month,
and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality, States
(United States), Tables (Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fishkills.
PB83-206540 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1969 (10th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 69.
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
1970,24pCWA-7-70
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish Kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
activity, water body, severity, type of water, month, and
duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United Slates), Tables(Data), Sources, Feeding
studs, Periodic variations, Fish kills.
PB83-206557 PC A02/MF A01
Pollution-Caused Fish Kills In 1970 (11th Annual
Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec 70
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
1972,25p
This report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
water body, average number of fish killed, severity,
type of water, month and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United States), Tables(Data), Sources. Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fish kills.
PB83-206888 PC A03/MF A01
Fish Kills Caused by Pollution In 1971 - Twelfth
Annual Report Rept. for 1 Jan 71-31 Dec 71.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
1972,41 p
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
water body, kills within EPA regions, severity, selected
questions, type of water, month, and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United States), Rivers, Sources, Tables(Data),
•Fishkills, Listings.
PB83-206896 PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Pollution-Caused Fish Kills Reported
In 1961 (2nd Annual Report). Rept. for 1 Jan-31 Dec
Public Health Service, Washington, DC. Div. of Water
Supply and Pollution Control.
1962,25pPHS-847/61
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: summa-
ries by State, source, water body, average number of
fish killed, changes in aquatic food organisms, correc-
tive action, severity, selected questions, type of water,
month, and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality,
States(United States), Tables(Data), Sources, Feeding
stuffs, Periodic variations, Fish kills.
PB83-206904 PC A05/MF A01
Fish Kills Caused by Pollution In 1975 • Sixteenth
Annual Report. Rept. for 1 Jan 75-31 Dec 75.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
1977,91 p EPA-440/9-77-004
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
water body, kills within EPA regions, severity, type of
water, month, and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution. Mortality,
States(United States), Tables(Data), Sources, Periodic
variations, 'Fish kills.
PB83-206912 PC A05/MF A01
Fish Kills Caused by Pollution In 1976 - Seven-
teenth Annual Report. Rept. for 1 Jan 76-31 Dec 76
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
1979,78p EPA-440/4-79-024
The report is an analysis of pollution-caused fish kills
compiled from data supplied by State officials. It in-
cludes analytical text and the following tables: major
kills, historical summary, summaries by State, source,
water body, kills within EPA regions, average number
of fish killed, changes in aquatic food organisms, cor-
rective action, severity, selected questions, type of
water, month, and duration.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, Mortality, Histo-
ry, States(United States), Feeding stuffs, Corrections,
Sources, 'Fishkills.
PB83-206938 PC A05/MF A01
Fish Kills Caused by Pollution - Fifteen Year Sum-
mary 1961-1975,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Apr 78,82p EPA-440/4-78-011
Analytical text and tables summarize the cummulative
fish kill data that was compiled annually during the fif-
teen year period, 1961 thru 1975. The report tracks the
fish kill incidents by pollution source-operation such as
agricultural, industrial, municipal, etc. Tables include: a
historical summary, number and percent of reports and
fish killed by size, major kills, state, type of waterbody,
month, and EPA Regions during 1971-1975. Figures
display fish kills within counties on individual state
maps by size and on charts by percentage of causes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Fishes, Mortality, Period-
ic variations, Sources, Agriculture, Industries, Munici-
palities, States(United States), Maps, 'Fishkills.
PB83-206953 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Emission Testing and Evaluation of the Enclosed
Coke Pushing and Quenching System. Final rept.
Jun 73-Dec 80,
National Steel Corp., Weirton, WV. Weirton Steel Div.
G. P. Current. May 83,107p EPA-600/2-83-037
Contract EPA-68-02-1347
The report describes a coke battery, placed into oper-
ation in May 1973 by National Steel's Weirton Steel Di-
vision, Weirton, WV. Consisting of 87 ovens, each 6 m
tall, the battery includes features to reduce environ-
mental discharges from the coke pushing and quench-
ing operations. Pushing emissions were to be con-
tained by a one-spot coke receiver car and retractable
coke guide hood evacuated through a fan/scrubber
system on the traction drive car. The hot coke would
then be discharged from the receiver car into below-
track hoppers from which it was withdrawn and
quenched semicontinuously in vibrating conveyors.
Operating costs were estimated to be 26 and 280%
higher than for conventional uncontrolled pushing and
baffled quenching.
Keywords: 'Coking, 'Air pollution control,
'Quenching(Cooling), 'Particles, Iron and steel indus-
try, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrub-
bing, Cost analysis, Operating costs, Capitalized costs,
Technology, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Coke batteries, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB83-206961 PC A03/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Landfill Research,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Norbert B. Schomaker. May 83,30p EPA-600/D-83-
045
Proceedings of a Symposium held in Philadelphia, PA.,
March 7-10,1983.
The hazardous waste land disposal research program
is collecting data necessary to support implementation
of disposal guidelines mandated by the 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976' (RCRA) PL
94-580. This program relating to the categorical area
of landfills, surface impoundments, and underground
mines encompasses state-of-the-art documents, labo-
ratory analysis, economic assessment, bench and pilot
studies, and full scale field verification studies. Over
the next five years the research will be reported as
Technical Resource Documents in support of the
Permit Writers Guidance Manuals. These manuals will
be used to provide guidance for conducting the review
and evaluation of land disposal permit applications.
This paper will present an overview of this program
and will report the current status of work in the various
categorical areas.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Research, Earth
fills, Environmental surveys, Management planning,
Decontamination, Leaching, Linings, Regulations, Li-
censes, Underground storage, 'Land disposal, State
of the art, Resource conservation and recovery act,
Surface impoundment, Underground disposal.
PB83-206979 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Tech-
niques and Strategies. Final rept.,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
Benjamin J. Mason. May 83,112p EPA-600/4-83-020
This report sets out a system for developing soil sam-
pling protocols that can be used to meet the needs of
the environmental scientist working under a number of
situations. The body of the report discusses the factors
that influence the selection of a particular sampling
design and the use of a particular sampling method
Statistical designs are discussed along with the appro-
priate analysis of the data. Three appendices are in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Sampling, Environmental
surveys. Sites, Statistical analysis, Methodology,
Measuring instruments, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Hazardous materials, 'Land pol-
lution, Procedures.
PB83-206995 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Guidelines for the Reduction of Emissions and Ef-
ficiency Improvement for Refinery Process Heat-
ers. Rept. for Mar 81-Mar 82,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tidona. May 83,83p EPA-600/8-83-017
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
The report gives guidelines for the operation, adjust-
ment, and modification of refinery process heaters to
achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency.
Combustion fundamentals are summarized and test
data obtained in this contract from previous subscale
and full-scale process heaters are reviewed. Recom-
mended procedures for adjusting combustion on proc-
ess heaters are given. Information appropriate to the
design, operation, and maintenance of a staged-com-
bustion air lance system for a process heater is pre-
sented. Cost effectiveness estimates for such a
system are also given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Refineries, 'Heating
equipment, 'Guidelines, Performance evaluation,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Revisions, Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis.
PB83-207001 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Animal-Sediment Relationships: A Case Study of
the Patapsco River,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
Eli Reinharz. May 83,96p EPA-600/3-83-037
Grant EPA-R-805964
1478 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Extension of toxicant-related research from the main
stem of Chesapeake Bay Into the estuarine tributaries
Is Important for two reasons: (1) many of the Industrial
sites and domestic activities are situated along the
banks of these riverine systems, and (2) these subes-
tuaries may function as closed basins in terms of sedi-
mentation, trapping sediment-borne toxicants. The ob-
jectives of this study are as follows: (a) describe
benthic community patterns in the Patapsco River
compared to a reference area, the Rhode River, (b)
characterize bioturbation levels and sedimentary
structures in the two areas, (c) define sediment deposi-
tion rates (via 137 Cesium and pollen) along both su-
bestuaries, and (d) define the histopathological condi-
tion of the bivalve, Macoma balthica, throughout the
estuarine systems. Sampling was limited to the mid-
spring of 1981; a total of 18 sites was examined.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sediments, 'Aquatic animals,
•water pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Deposition,
Rates(Per time), Cesium isotopes, Oysters, Histology,
Pathology, 'Macoma balthica, Tracer studies.
PB83-207373 PC A04/MF A01
Mathematical Models Associated with Point Una
Source Discharges In Rivers. Research rapt. 1980-
81,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Philip C. L. Lin. May 83, 56p EPA-600/4-83-021
A literature search was conducted in the area of mass
dispersion from instantaneous and continuous
sources in bounded and unbounded flows. This study
presents a mathematical model consisting of only two
nondlmensionalized variables and capable of generat-
ing universal concentration profiles of the pollutants in
a rectangular channel flow for specified initial and
boundary conditions. Determination of diffusion coeffi-
cients, mixing distance, sampling location and number
of sampling points in a cross-section is possible. In
other aspects, determination of the minimum sampling
frequency required to collect a representative compos-
ite sample based on the previous effort is reexamined.
It Is concluded that a minimum sampling frequency of
eight (8) for most of the flow and concentration pat-
terns in the complete mixing zone is sufficient to pro-
vide enough accuracy for a representative sample col-
lected by three out of four known compositing tech-
niques.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'RK/ers, Sampling, Fluid flow, Dispersions, Sources,
•Point sources, *Path of pollutants, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB83-207381 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Test Procedure for Gamma Emitters In Drinking
Water Intel-laboratory Collaborative Study. Rept.
forNov80-Aug81,
Monsanto Research Corp., Miamisburg, OH. Mound
Facility.
V. R. Casella, and C. T. Bishop. May 83,69p EPA-600/
4-83-018
Contract DE-AC04-76-DP00053
An interiaboratory collaborative study was conducted
to test a procedure for the measurement of gamma
emitters in drinking water. Thirty-two laboratories par-
ticipated in the study. Four reference water samples
containing three or all four of the gamma emitters,
cobalt-60, ruthenium-106, cesium-134 and cesium-
137, at concentrations ranging from 6 to 400 pCi/l
were analyzed in the study. Except for ruthenium-106,
the test procedure was shown to provide adequate
sensitivity of measurement for the radionuclides ana-
lyzed, as required by the National Interim Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR), without pre-
concemratlon of the radionuclides from the samples.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Radioactive contami-
nants, 'Gamma rays. 'Water analysis, Cobalt 60,
Cesium 137, Sensitivity, Tests, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Water pollution,
Concentratton(Composltion), 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Ruthenium 106. Gamma detection.
PB83-207399
PC A04/MF A01
Analysis of Complex 1 and Complex 2 • Candidate
Screening Models,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John S. Irwin, and D. Bruce Turner. May 83,62p EPA-
600/3-83-034
This study, suggested by an EPA Regional Workshop
in February 1980, was conducted as a simple analysis
to investigate whether or not a sequential air quality
simulation model, capable of accepting onsite hourly
meteorological data, could be recommended as a
screening model for estimating worst-case pollutant
impacts on complex terrain. The study intercompared
the highest 24-h average pollutant concentration
values obtained using four algorithmic air quality simu-
lation models: Complex I, Complex II, Valley, and
Valley-BID. The authors conclude that the Valley-BID
(or pencil and paper calculations using the same as-
sumptions) are most appropriate for screening analy-
ses for maximum 24-h concentrations resulting from
plume impaction on terrain near the height of an ele-
vated stabilized plume.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Ter-
rain. Sites, Comparison, Plumes,
Concentration(Comparison), 'Air quality.
PB83-207407
Determination
PC A05/MF A01
of Good-Englnmrlng-Practice
Stack Height A Fluid Mode Demonstration Study
for a Power Plant
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert E. Lawson, Jr., and William H. Snyder. Apr 83,
83p EPA-600/3-83-024
A study using fluid modeling to determine good-engi-
neering-practice (GEP) stack height for a power plant
installation is discussed. Measurements are presented
to describe the simulated boundary layer structure,
plume dispersion characteristics in the absence of the
model plant building, and the maximum ground-level
concentration of effluent downstream of the source,
both with and without the model plant building. Analy-
sis of the maximum ground-level concentration shows
that, in this case, a stack height of 64.1m meets the
current GEP criteria for 100% plant load conditions.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Electric power plants, 'Fluid
mechanics, 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Boundary layer, Plumes, Dispersions,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorology, Topogra-
phy.
PB83-207589 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Test Procedure for lodlne-131 In Drinking Water:
Interiaboratory Collaborative Study. Rept for Sep
79-Aug 80,
Monsanto Research Corp., Miamisburg, OH. Mound
Facility.
W. H. Yanko, C. T. Bishop, and A. A. Gtosby. May 83.
58p EPA-600/2-83-039
An interiaboratory collaborative study was conducted
to test a procedure for the measurement of iodine-131
in drinking water. Drinking water samples, containing
7.8, 25.9, and 78.3 pCi/1, were analyzed in triplicate.
Of the 15 participants, data from four were rejected,
and a statistical evaluation on the data from 11 partici-
pants was done.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Potable water, 'Iodine
131, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
•Water pollution detection.
PB83-207597 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research tab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Supercritical Fluid Regeneration of Adsorbents.
Final rept. Jun 79-Dec 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. P. de Fillppi, and R. J. Robey. May 83,95p EPA-
600/2-83-038
The report gives results of a program: (1) to perform
studies supercritical (fluid) carbon dioxide (SCF CO2)
regeneration of adsorbents, using samples of Industri-
al wastewaters from manufacturing pesticides and
synthetic solutions; and (2) to estimate the economics
of the specific wastewater treatment regenerations,
based on test data. Processing costs for regenerating
granular activated carbon GAG) for treating industrial
wastewaters depend on stream properties and regen-
eration throughput.
Keywords: 'Adsorbents, 'Water pollution control,
'Regeneration(Engineering), Pesticides, Solutions,
Economic analysis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Recirculation, Industrial waste treatment, Supercritical
flow, Nitrogen organic compounds, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Granular activated carbon
treatment, Solid wastes, Phenol/butyl-dinitro, Atrazine,
DNBP herbicide.
PB83-207621 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Sediment Trace Elements,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Chemistry.
George R. Helz, Scott A. Sinex, George H. Setlock,
and Adriana Y. Cantillo. Mar 83,201 p EPA-600/3-83-
012
Grant EPA-805954
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments, 'Water
pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Trace elements, Geo-
chemistry, Chemical composition,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Cores,
Lead(Metal), Alpha particle spectroscopy, Extraction,
•Toxic substances, 'Water pollution detection, 'Path
of pollutants, Water pollution sampling, Plasma spec-
troscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy.
PB83-207639 PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NOx Abatement for Stationary Sources In Japan.
Final rept. Jan 81 -Jan 83,
Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
Jumpei AndO. May 83.524p EPA-600/7-83-027
Contract EPA-68-02-3676
See also PB80-113673.
The report is a compilation of information on the cur-
rent status of NOx abatement technologies for station-
ary sources in Japan, where strict ambient air quality
standards for SO2 and NOx mandate the use of vari-
ous air pollution control technologies. The author ob-
tained this information from electric power companies,
various industries, and developers of numerous tech-
nology processes, as well as from his own original re-
search in the field. The report focuses on the Combus-
tion Modification (CM) and Selective Catalytic Reduc-
tion (SCR) NOx abatement technologies. Information
is provided on the development status, pilot and dem-
onstration plant tests, technological problems, and
costs associated with the use of these technologies in
Japan. Detailed operating data are given to describe
the commercial operation of SCR plants.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control,
Catalysts, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Pilot plants, Regulations, Revisions, Electric power
plants, Cost analysis, 'Foreign technology, 'Station-
ary sources, 'Air quality, Combustion modification,
Japan, Selective catalytic reduction.
PB83-207647 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research tab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
At-Sea Incineration of PCB-Contalnlng Wastes
Onboard the M/T VUtCANUS. Final rept Aug 82-
Jan 83,
TRW. Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
D. G. Ackerman, J. F. McGaughey, and D. E. Wagoner.
Apr 83,287p EPA-600/7-83-024
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
me nun ot Mexico. A standard EPA-specifled sampling
train was used to acquire samples of the effluent conv
bustion gases. A fixed-position water-cooled probe, in
the starboard incinerator, directed stack gas to the
train. Ten tests were performed. Samples of the waste
were also taken during each test.
December 1983 1479
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators, Sea,
Chlorine organic compounds, Air pollution, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Sites, 'Polychiorinated biphenyls,
'Ocean waste disposal.
PB83-207688 PC A11 / M F A01
Regional Scale (1000 KM) Model of Photochemical
Air Pollution. Part 1. Theoretical Formulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Robert G. Lamb. May 83,239p EPA-600/3-83-035
A theoretical framework for a multi-day 1000 km scale
simulation model of photochemical oxidant is devel-
oped. It is structured in a highly modular form so that
eventually the model can be applied through straight-
forward modifications to simulations of participates,
visibility and acid rain. Among the physical and chemi-
cal processes that the model is designed to handle
are: horizontal transport; photochemistry and night-
time chemistry of the products and precursors of pol-
lutant reactions; nighttime wind shear, stability stratifi-
cation and turbulence 'episodes' associated with the
nocturnal jet; cumulus cloud effects - venting pollut-
ants from the mixed layer, perturbing photochemical
reaction rates, etc; mesoscale vertical motion induced
by terrain and horizontal divergence of the large scale
flow; subgrid scale chemistry processes - resulting
from emissions from sources smaller than the model's
arid can resolve; natural sources of hydrocarbons,
NOx and stratospheric ozone; and others. Consider-
able attention is given to the question of the predict-
ability of pollutant concentrations at long range and to
the related problem of parameterization of 'mesoscale'
diffusion, the design of model 'validation' experiments,
and the like.
Bywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Photochemical reactions, 'Oxidizers, Particles, Visi-
bility, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone
Concentration(Composition), Forecasting, Transport
properties, Numerical solution, Acid rain.
PB83-207738 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Animal-Sediment Relationship* of the Upper and
Central Chesapeake Bay,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
Eli Ralnharz, and Arthur O'Connell. May 83,251 p EPA-
600/3-83-033
Grant EPA-R-805964
Fifty-two bottom sediment box core samples were
taken in fall 1978 and summer 1979 to investigate the
relationship between benthic biota and the sedimenta-
ry environment of the upper and central Chesapeake
Bay. Examination of the vertical distribution of the
benthos and radiographic analysis of the sediments
determined the degree of physical and biological ac-
tivities and interactions. The benthic macrofauna were
characterized by opportunistic as well as equilibristic
species that inhabit a wide range of salinity and sub-
strate types. The number of species increased down
the estuary. Greatest species populations were found
in the mixed-sediment type environments. Most bio-
genie structures are produced by polychaetous anne-
lids. Species population patterns and previous Pb210
data in Chesapeake Bay suggest that biological mixing
occurs down to 30 cm, being greatest at the sediment
surface.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Sediments, 'Benthos,
'Chesapeake Bay, Marine biology, Salinity, Estuaries,
Populations, Deep water, Turbidity, Anoxia, Mud,
Worms, Sands, Mixing, Isotopic labeling, Lead iso-
topes, Ocean surface, Radiography.
PB83-20784S PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Field Study to Determine Spatial Variability of
Lead from Roadways.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
May 81,45p EPA-450/4-83-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3013
A short-term field monitoring study was conducted to
determine the horizontal and vertical lead distribution
along roadways. Results are presented for three
heights and three horizontal setback distances from
roadways.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Roads, 'Air pollution, 'Spa-
tial distribution, Field tests, Sites, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions, *Air
quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Total suspended par-
ticulates.
PB83-20840S PC A07/MF A01
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Porcelain Enameling Indus-
try. Final rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Nov 82,139p EPA-440/2-82-005
Contract EPA-68-01 -6348
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent limitations for the Porcelain Enameling Industry
in November 1982. This report estimates the econom-
ic impacts of pollution control costs for approximately
100 plants. The analysis focuses on price and produc-
tion effects, potential changes in profitability, and plant
closures. For one segment of the industry, comprised
mostly of small plants, potentially significant impacts
are projected. Regulatory alternatives to identify this
segment and minimize the impact are also analyzed.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Water pollution con-
trof, 'Regulations, 'Porcelain enamels, Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution abatement, Best
technology.
PBB3-209361 PC A06/MF A01
Inventory of Open Dumps.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
May 83,121pSW-964
See also PB82-201617.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA
or the Act) provides for publication of an inventory of
open dumps. The Act defines 'open dumps' as facili-
ties which do not comply with EPA's 'Criteria for Clas-
sification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities and Prac-
tices' (40 CFR 257). EPA has provided funds to State
Solid waste management agencies to evaluate dispos-
al facilities against the Criteria. Through such evalua-
tions the States have been able to identify facilities
which do not comply with the Criteria and are, there-
fore, 'open dumps. The facility evaluations leading to
publication of the inventory were conducted by State
agencies as part of their effort to develop and imple-
ment State solid waste management plans in accord-
ance with the Act. This report is the third installment of
the Inventory of Open Dumps.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Inventories,
Tafales(Data), State government, 'Open dumps, List-
ings.
PB83-20944S PC A09/MF A01
Ground-Water Monitoring Guidance for Owners
and Operators of Interim Status Facilities. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Mar 83,190p SW-963
This guidance document represents the Agency's in-
terpretation of the ground-water monitoring require-
ments imposed upon hazardous waste management
facilities which have achieved interim status in accord-
ance with Section 3005(e) of the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act. Section 1 of the document dis-
cusses the purpose and scope of the ground-water
monitoring requirements, presenting the rationale and
the policy issues for a better understanding on the part
of the facility owner or operator. The report discusses
the detection program, identifying informational needs
for monitoring well location and design, and methodol-
ogy for sampling, analyses, recordkeeping, reporting,
and other specific implementation issues.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
'Water pollution, Manuals, Monitoring, Regulations,
Policies, Water wells, Design, Assessments, Aquifers,
Hydogeology, Depth, Construction, Sampling, Statisti-
cal analysis, Darcys law, 'Path of pollutants, Tracer
studies.
PB83-209676 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Cotton
and Synthetic Textile Finishing Plants. Final rept.
Sep 78-Jan 83,
Foster-Miller Associates, Inc., Waltham, MA.
R. Chandrasekhar, and E. Poulin. May 83,164p EPA-
600/2-83-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3134
The report gives results of an evaluation of the applica-
bility and economics of emissions control technologies
for the abatement of volatile organic compounds ema-
nating from cotton and synthetic textile finishing
plants. A survey of the state-of-the-art and control
technologies design and costing preceded the evalua-
tion. Carbon bed adsorption with solvent recovery has
been identified as the most viable of all technologies,
and fluidized-bed carbon adsorption has the best po-
tential to suit the variable operating conditions encoun-
tered in textile manufacturing. Potential cost benefits
appear attractive.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Hydrocarbons,
'Textile finishing, 'Cotton fibers, 'Synthetic fibers,
Technology, Economic analysis, Industrial wastes,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Fluidized bed proc-
essing, Adsorption, State of the art.
PB83-209684 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Implementation of Innovative Dredging Tech-
niques In the Chesapeake Bay Region,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Don Aurand, and Alexandra Mamantov. May 83,201 p
EPA-600/3-83-039
Grant EPA-CR-807987-01
The environmental effects of dredging and dredged
material disposal have been an issue in the Chesa-
peake Bay Region for some time. Recent concerns
over dredging and disposal in the Baltimore Harbor
area have been particularly strong, and have resulted
in significant project delays. Possible solutions would
be to improve either the technologies or the manage-
ment processes associated with dredging. This report
reviews eleven years of dredging records for federal
projects, six years of dredging records for private
projects, current management programs, and the sci-
entific literature in order to define current programs
and their impacts. Potential technological improve-
ments are also described. This information was then
used to prepare a series of recommendations for im-
proving dredging practices in the Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Chesapeake Bay, Environ-
mental impacts, Solid waste disposal, Management,
Project planning, National government, Sites, Regula-
tions, Legislation, Law(Jurisprudence), Statistical data,
Equipment, Cost analysis, Transportation, Manpower.
PB83-209692 PC A02/MF A01
Kinetic Study on the Inhibition of Hen Brain Neu-
rotoxlc Esterase by Mlpafox. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Salah A. Soliman, and August Curley. 1982,7p EPA-
600/J-81-236
Pub. in Journal of Analytical Toxicology, v6 p4-9 1982.
A direct method of assaying neurotoxic esterase (NTE)
activity, using 4-nitrophenyl valerate, has been de-
scribed. The technique was used to determine the bio-
molecular rate (ki), phosphorylation (k2), and affinity
(kd) constants for the reaction of hen brain microsomal
NTE with mipafox. Results indicate that the new tech-
nique for assaying NTE makes detailed kinetic studies
of NTE inhibition possible.
Keywords: 'Inhibitors, 'Esterases, Chickens, Brain,
Reprints, 'Mipafox, Neurotoxins, Valerate/nitrophenyl.
PB83-209700 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Renal Function In Neonatal Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert J. Kavlock, and Jacqueline A. Gray. 1982,12p
EPA-600/J-81-169
Pub. in Biology of the Neonate p279-288 1982.
The ontogenetic profile of several parameters of neon-
atal renal development in the rat is presented. Nephro-
1480 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
genesis was observed to continue at a rapid pace be-
tween birth and 8 days of age and to be virtually com-
plete by 11 days of age. The activity of alkaline phos-
phatase, a brush border enzyme, declined during this
time period relative to organ growth as a whole. The
ability to elaborate a concentrated urine when present-
ed with a period of fluid deprivation was barely present
at birth and increased dramatically with age. Finally,
the diuresis response to an orally administered water
load was detected on the second post-natal day, while
the response to antidiuretlc hormones was present to
a slight degree on the first postnatal day.
Keywords: "Urologic diseases, 'Renal failure, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Ontogenesis, Neonato-
logy.
PB83-209718 PC A02/MF A01
Reassessment of the Neural Control of Body
Temperature: Importance of Oscillating Neural
and Motor Components. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon, and James E. Heath. 1983,13p
EPA-600/J-81-390
Pub. In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v74An3p479-4891983.
This paper presents strong evidence that Integrates
thermoregulatory neurons exert a variety of rhythmic
control over all thermoregulatory motor outputs. Fur-
thermore, it Is shown that without an oscillating inte-
grative and motor system, especially pathways con-
trolling peripheral neat loss, a thermoregulatory
system is unstable.
Keywords: 'Body temperature. 'Thermoregulation,
'Nerve cells, Physiology, Reprints.
PB83-209726 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Induction of 6-Thloguanlne Resistance In Synth-
ronteed Human Flbroblast Cells Treated with
Methyl Methanesulfonate, N-Acetoxy-2-Acethyla-
mlnofluorene and N-Methyl-N'-Nltro-N-Nltroso-
ouanldlne. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Shlu L. Huang, Shu-Mai S. Huang, Charlotte
Casperson, and Michael D. Waters. C1981,12p EPA-
600/J-81-181
Pub. in Mutation Research 83, p251-260 1981. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst. of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Chemical Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance was
studied In synchronized human fibroblast cells. Cells
Initially grown in a medium lacking arglnine and gluta-
mlne for 24 h ceased DNA synthesis and failed to
enter the S phase. After introduction of complete
medium, the cells progressed to the S phase after 16
h. DNA synthesis peaked 20 h after removal of nutrient
stress and declined. Mutations were induced in S-
phase cells by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-
acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) and N-
methyl-N nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Chemical
treatments resulted in an increase in the absolute
number of mutant colonies and in a dose-dependent
mutation frequency.
Keywords: Humans, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Sulfur organic compounds, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Reprints, ^Thtoguanlne. *Fibroblasts, Methane sulfon-
te acid/(methyl-ester), Fluorene/N-acetoxy-acetyla-
mlno, Guanldlne/N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nltroso, Chemi-
cal treatments.
PM3-209734 PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Methods for Evaluating the Health
Risks Associated with Organic Chemicals In
Drinking Water. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC. u
R. J. Bull. C1982,19p EPA-600/J-82-316
Pub. in Toxicologleal and Environmental Chemistry 6,
p1-17 1982.
Identification of a wide variety of organic chemicals in
surface and ground waters has brought considerable
attention to the problem of estimating risks these
chemicals pose to human health. Considerable uncer-
tainty is Involved in making such estimates because in
most Instances the extrapolations Involved go beyond
the realm of actual scientific data. In recent years it has
been shown that many commonly used bulk chemicals
produce tumors at high doses in experimental animals.
The view has been expressed that some of these
chemicals produce cancer through a non-genotoxic
mechanism. These arguments are eased on the obser-
vation that such chemicals produce overt toxicity in the
target tissue which results in a regenerative hyperpla-
sia. The present paper attempts to indicate critical
areas of basic lexicological research that are neces-
sary to resolve the scientific issues in this area.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Organic compounds, 'Pota-
ble water, 'Water treatment, Risk, Carcinogens, Chlo-
roform, 'Chemical treatments, 'Health risks, Drinking
water.
PB63-209742 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Meteorological Factors In the Formation of Re-
gional Haze. Final rept. 1 Aug 79-31 Dec 81,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
James G. Edinger, and Timothy F. Press. May 83,70p
EPA-600/3-83-042
Grant EPA-R-806705
The purpose of this research project was to determine
the role of meteorological factors in the formation of
widespread areas of haze in the eastern United States.
Three case studies were made: A summer haze epi-
sode, an off-season haze episode and a non-haze epi-
sode.
Keywords: 'Haze, 'Meteorology, 'Air pollution.
PB83-209759 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
ARMCO (Integrated Steel Works, Mlddletown,
Ohio) Special Study Report,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
V. Ross Highsmith. May 83,43p EPA-600/4-63-022
Contract EPA-68-02-3496
This monitoring study was Initiated with the overall ob-
jective to develop a data base in support of an ap-
proved 'bubble concept' strategy to reduce fugitive
dust emissions in the vicinity of an integrated steel-
making complex. A paniculate monitoring network was
established around the ARMCO (Integrated Steel
Works, Mlddletown, Ohio) in March 1980. Total sus-
pended paniculate (TSP) and inhalable paniculate
samples were routinely collected within the network
following prescribed procedures. The effect of off-
mode panicle collection by the TSP high-volume sam-
pler was also investigated during the course of this
study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, Sites,
Sampling, Iron and steel Industry, Field tests, Quality
assurance, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Bubble concept, ARMCO plant, Middletown(
Ohio).
PB83-209767 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Extraction of Pesticides from Process Streams
Using High Volatility Solvents: A Feasibility Study.
Final rept. Sep 80-Feb 82.
S-Cubed,LaJolla,CA.
S. L Reynolds. May 83.154p SSS-R-82-5441, EPA-
600/2-83-040
Grant EPA-R-807346
The report gives results of a program to determine the
feasibility of extracting pesticides from process
streams using a liquid-liquid solvent extraction ap-
proach. A brief literature review provided foundations!
data In support of the technology Identified for study.
The review resulted in a bibliography. Acquired infor-
mation enabled the priority-ranking and selection of
pesticides for project study and the Identification of op-
timum solvents for liquid-liquid extraction. A compila-
tion of various engineering design options for liquid-
liquid extraction systems led to the selection of a
design choice consisting of a countercurrent-flow
rotary-disc contactor (RDC) process. Finally, literature
on engineering design economics enabled the formu-
lation of reliable cost estimates for the derived technol-
ogy.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Solvent extraction, 'Water
pollution control, Feasibility, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Cost analysis, DDT, Industrial waste
treatment, Organic compounds, Technology, Rotating
disc process.
PB83-209775 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Release of Mutagens from
Diesel Particles In the Presence of Physiological
Fluids. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Leon C. King, Mike J. Kohan, Ann C. Austin. Larry D.
Claxton.andJ. Lewtas Huisingh. 1981,15pEPA-6OO/
J-80-102
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 3, p109-121 1981.
The Ames Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation
assay was used to evaluate the mutagenicity of organ-
ics extracted from diesel exhaust panicles. Organic
solvents were more efficient than physiological fluids
in removing mutagens from diesel particles, with dich-
loromethane extracts having the greatest mutagenic
activity of the solvents examined.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases. 'Toxicology, Releasing,
Reprints, Ames test, 'Mutagenesis, Particulates.
•Diesel engine exhaust.
PB83-209783 PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Diesel-Exhaust Particle Extract*
Collected under Smog-Chamber Conditions Using
the 'Salmonella typhimurium' Test System. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Larry D. Claxton, and H. M. Barnes. 1981,20p EPA-
600/J-81-622
Pub. In Mutation Research 88, p255-2721981.
The study was designed to detect the effect that differ-
ent environmental conditions have upon diesel-ex-
haust organics. In this study, dlesel-exhaust was inject-
ed into the Calspan smog chamber under different
conditions, and the resulting particles were collected
upon Pallflex glass-fiber filters. After extraction from
the particles with methylene chloride, the organics
were solvent exchanged to dimethyl sulfoxlde and
tested in the Salmonella typhimurium plate-incorpora-
tion test.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Toxicology, Environ-
ments. Reprints, 'Mutagenesis, 'Diesel engine ex-
haust.
PB83-209791
PC A02/MF A01
In vtvo Formation of Hatogenated Reaction Prod-
ucts Following Peroral Sodium Hypochlorlte. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
F. L. Mink, W. E. Coleman, J. W. Munch, W. H. Kaylor,
and H. P. Ringhand. 1983, 8p EPA-600/J-83-012
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxi-
cology 30, p394-399 1983.
To date the principal concern of the disinfection of po-
table water has centered on the formation of haloge-
nated organic reaction products and the adverse
health effects that these products may have. However,
an additional area for concern relating to water disin-
fection Is the potential for In vivo production of haloge-
nated organic reaction products resulting from the
direct action of residual chlorine with endogeneous or-
ganic material.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Disinfection, 'Sodium hy-
pochtorite, Chlorination, Halohydrocarbons, Residues,
Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PBW-209W9 PC A02/MF A01
THal and Diurnal Spawning CUM In the Atlantic
Slrveralde, 'Menldla menldla1. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab,, Gulf Breeze, FL
Pub. in Environmental Biology Fishes 8, n2 D97-104
1963.
Field and laboratory observations revealed tidal and
diurnal cues tor spawning in the Atlantic silverslde,
December 1983 1481
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Menidia memdia. In the field, spawning runs began
near the time of daytime high tides at flood tide veloci-
ties ranging from 3 to 16, X 11 cm sec. Spawning runs
ended at ebb tide velocities ranging from 5 to 22, X 17
cm sec. In the laboratory M. menidia were reared from
embryos to sexual maturity in 10 months (April 1979 to
January 1980). During this time, approximately 50 fish
were held in each of two, 1 m diameter tanks. A pump
was used to maintain a constant current velocity of 8
cm sec 1 in the holding tanks. Water temperature
ranged from 16 to 25C, the salinity was 30 + or - 2 O/
00. Fish were fed Tetra-min flake food and Artemia
nauplii each day. During January 1980, the seawater
circulation pump was turned ofl twice dally for one
hour, 1200 to 1300 and 2400 to 0100. Current veloci-
ties decreaded from 8 cm sec 1 to 0.0 cm sec during
these periods. (Copyright (c) 1983, Dr. W. Junk Pub-
lishers.)
Keywords: 'Ocean tides, *Reproduction(Biology),
•Marine fishes, Diurnal variations, Flooding, Photoper-
lodism, Ocean currents, Flow velocity, Circulation,
Feeding stuffs, Reprints, Menidia menidia, Atlantic sil-
versldefish, Spawning.
PB83-209817 PC A02/MF A01
Overview of In vitro Teratogenlclty Teetlng: As-
pacta of Validation and Application to Screening.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
r flTK, W\j.
Gn L- Kimmel, K. Smith, D. M. Kochhar, and R. M. Pratt.
1982,11pEPA-600/J-82-315
Pub. In Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
asis 2, p221-229 1982.
The report is a summary of response to questions
which arose as a result of a workshop on teratogenlclty
testing and discussion relative to those questions.
Keywords: 'Screening, 'Toxicology, Validity, In vitro
analysis, Reprints, 'Teratogenesis.
PB83-209825 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Statistical Methods for Estimating Attributable
Rlak from Retrospective Data. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. School of Medicine.
Alice S. Whittemore. 1982,17p EPA-600/J-82-317
Grant EPA-R-806572
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, 1 p229-243 1982.
This paper extends Levin's measure of attributable risk
to adjust for confounding by aetiologic factors other
than the exposure of interest. One can estimate this
extended measure from case-control data provided
either (i)from the control data one can estimate expo-
sure prevalence within each stratum of the confound-
ing factor; or (ii)one has additional information avail-
able concerning the confounder distribution and the
stratum-specific disease rates.
Keywords: 'Risks, 'Statistical analysis, Reprints,
•Health statistics.
PB83-209833 PC A02/MF A01
Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage and
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell for Evaluation of the
Toxlclty of Paniculate Materials. II. Particles from
Coal-Related Processes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Nell E. Garrett, James A. Campbell, H. Frank Stack,
Michael D. Waters, and Joellen Lewtas. 1981,14p
EPA-600/J-81-097
Pub. in Environmental Research 24, p366-3761981.
Rabbit alveolar macrophage (RAM) and Chinese ham-
ster ovary (CHO) ceils were used in vitro tests to evalu-
ate the toxicity of particulate effluents from coal gasifi-
cation, fluidized-bed combustion, and conventional
coal combustion. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of nine
samples from coal energy-related processes showed
that the sensitivity of the RAM assay was improved
substantially when the test was conducted in serum-
free media. A linear relationship was observed be-
tween percentage cell viability and ATP level in the
particle-treated cultures.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Toxicology, In vitro
analysis, Reprints, Particulates, 'Cytotoxicity.
PB83-209841 PC A02/MF A01
Development of a Toxlclty Test System Using Pri-
mary Rat Liver Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Jeff Inmon, Andy Stead, Michael D. Waters, and
Joellen Lewtas. 1981, 9p EPA-600/J-81-073
Pub. inlnVitro,v17n11 p1004-1010.
A model in vitro rat liver parenchymal cellular toxicity
system employing cells obtained by the in situ colla-
genase perfusion technique has been developed to
detect potential liver toxicants. The initial evaluation of
this test system was accomplished using cadmium
chloride, chromium chloride, cobalt chloride, mercuric
chloride, nickelous chloride, sodium arsenite, sodium
selenite, and ammonium vanadate. Linear regression
analysis of the dose response curves was used to de-
termine the effective concentration at which the viabili-
ty was reduced to 50%(EC50).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Liver, Responses,
Dosage, In vitro analysis, Reprints, 'Cytotoxicity.
PB83-209858 PC A02/MF A01
Thermal Response of a Human In the Near-Zone
of a Resonant Thin-Wire Antenna. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ronald J. Spiegel. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-81-312
Pub. In IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers) Transactions on Microwave Theory and Tech-
niques, v30 n2 p177-185 1982.
The thermal response of a human in the near-zone of
an antenna was determined by numerical procedures.
The approach taken was to modify the heat transfer
equations for man in air to account for thermal loading
due to the energy absorbed from the radiating anten-
na. The loading due to the energy absorbed from the
radiating antenna. The absorbed power density distri-
bution In the human body was determined by consider-
ing the body and antenna to be a coupled system in
which the resulting system of equations were solved
by moment method procedures.
Keywords: 'Antennas, 'Heat transfer, 'Body tempera-
ture, Humans, Reprints.
PB83-209882 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical Analysis of Waste Crankcase OH Com-
bustion Samples. Final rept. May 81-May 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. L. Barbour, and W. M. Cooke. Apr 83,288p EPA-
600/7-83-026
Contract EPA-68-02-2686
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report gives results of a study of emissions from
waste crankcase oil heaters. The data provided should
be useful to heater manufacturers and to regulators.
Burner design and fuel composition affect the level of
inorganic elements emitted. The vaporizing pot burner
retained a significant amount of the trace elements in
the pot residue, whereas the air-atomizing burner al-
lowed more of the trace elements to be carried by the
flue gas into the stack. The study also showed that
total organic emissions from the two burner designs
are similar; however, higher levels of polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were in discharges of the
vaporizing pot burner.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Heating equipment, 'Oil
burners, 'Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Combustion
products, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Crank-
cases, Fuels, Sampling, Mass spectroscopy, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial wastes, 'Oil wastes, 'Air
pollution detection, Air atomizing burners, Vaporizing
pot burners, Plasma spectroscopy. Atomic absorption
spectroscopy, Spark source mass spectroscopy.
PB83-209890 PC A11 /MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Project, Champaign, Illi-
nois: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Municipal
Street Sweeping In the Control of Urban Storm
Runoff Pollution. Final Report. Rept. for Jun 79-Dec
82,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
Michael L. Terstriep, Michael G. Bender, and Douglas
C. Noel. Dec 82, 246p
See also PB83-209908.
This was a study conducted to determine the effective-
ness of streetsweeping as a control measure for pol-
lutants from urban areas that would otherwise end up
as nonpoint pollution in the runoff from storm events.
Included was street dirt sampling to measure total
loads of material on the street, and particle size distri-
butions and constituent concentrations in the street
loads. Different streetsweeping frequencies were also
evaluated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Streets, Urban
areas, Particle size distribution, Hydrology, 'Streets-
weeping, 'Storm water runoff, 'Water quality,
Champaign(lllinois).
PB83-209908 PC A05/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Project, Champaign, Illi-
nois: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Municipal
Street Sweeping In the Control of Urban Storm
Runoff Pollution. Supplement to Final Report.
Rept. for Jun 79-Dec 82,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
Michael L. Terstriep, G. Michael Bender, and Douglas
C.Noel. Dec 82,87p
See also PB83-209890.
This volume covers three summaries of data collected
during the Champaign, Illinois, Nationwide Urban
Runoff Program project. The first is basic data about
the study basins; the second is the runoff event data,
and the third is the results of the street dirt monitoring.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Streets, Urban
areas, Particle size distribution, Hydrology,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Streets-
weeping, 'Storm water runoff, 'Water quality,
Champaign(lllinois).
PB83-209999 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Carbon Monozlde Intrusion In Sustained-Use Ve-
hicles. Final rept..
Science Applications, Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
R. A. Ziskind, M. B. Rogozen, I. Rosner, and T. Carlin
Mar 83,174pSAI-1-068-80-535, EPA-600/4-82-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3220
Section 226 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
directed the USEPA to perform a study of carbon mon-
oxide (CO) exposures in the passenger area of sus-
tained use vehicles, i.e., buses, taxis, and police cars.
A field investigation of vehicle CO levels in two metro-
politan areas was conducted. Study objectives were to
determine if CO concentrations in the passenger area
of sustained-use vehicles is a health concern; to identi-
fy conditions and vehicle types conducive to high inte-
nor CO exposures, and intrusion mechanisms for such
vehicles; and to recommend steps for identifying haz-
ardous vehicles/driving conditions and for reducing
CO exposures. CO was measured with passive dosi-
meters, active personal samplers, and continuous
electrochemical analyzers; a tracer gas detection
system was used to identify intrusion pathways.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Public
health, Motor vehicles, Buses(Vehicles), Field tests,
Exhaust emissions, Exposure, Dosimeters,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Occupational
safety and health, Air pollution sampling.
PB83-210294 PC A02/MF A01
Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage and
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell for Evaluation of the
Toxlclty of Particulate Materials. 1. Model Com-
pounds and Metal-Coated Fly Ash. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neil E. Garrett, James A. Campbell, H. Frank Stack,
Michael D. Waters, and Joellen Lewtas. 1981,23p
EPA-600/J-81-098
Pub. in Environmental Research 24, p345-365 1981.
Data are presented which detail the effects of model
particulate compounds and fly ash particles on rabbit
alveolar macrophage (RAM) and Chinese hamster
1482 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ovary (CHO) cells. Silica, silicic acid, titanium dioxide,
and size-fractionated (0,-2, 2-5, and 5-8 um) fly ash
particles with and without coatings of nickel, lead, or
cadmium oxides were the experimental particles. Silica
was the most toxic particle studied. Cell viability and
ATP in the RAM assay and colony survival in the CHO
assay showed an almost identical response to silica
and silicic acid.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fly ash, *Air pollution, Cell
cultures, In vitro analysis, Reprints, "Participates.
PB83-210302 PC A03/MF A01
Illinois EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Sludge Regulation Guidance Document,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Environmental Programs.
James A. Janssen, and Alan Keller. Dec 82,31 p IEPA/
ENV/82-014
Proper sludge management has become an increasing
problem for municipalities, industries and private facili-
ties across the State. All sludge generators are re-
sponsible for the proper disposal of sludge and must
provide details of the plan for the ultimate disposal of
sludge to the Agency as a part of any permit applica-
tion for any facility which will generate a sludge. Proper
sludge disposal is paramount. Due to the importance
of proper sludge disposal for all sludge generators,
guidance pursuant to all Illinois Pollution Control Board
Rules and Regulations on the ultimate disposal of
sludge Is necessary to give direction to generators,
consultants, handlers, users and the general public.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, 'Municipalities, Regula-
tions, Earth fills, Industries, Storage, Sewage treat-
ment, Licenses, Illinois.
PB83-2104SO PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Labs.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste.
Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium
(8th) at Ft. Mitchell, Kentucky on March 6-10,19B2
Southwest Research Inst, San Antonio, TX.
David W. Shultz, and David Black. Apr 83,264p* EPA-
600/9-83-003
Contract EPA-68-03-2692
The Eighth Annual Research Symposium on land dis-
posal, incineration and treatment of hazardous wastes
was held in Ft. Mitchell, Kentucky, on March 8, 9, and
10, 1982. These Proceedings are a compilation of
papers presented by the symposium speakers. The
symposium proceedings are being published as two
separate documents. In this document, Incineration
and Treatment of Hazardous Waste, six technical
areas are covered. They are as follows: Hazardous
Waste Incineration Overview, Incineration of Hazard-
ous Waste in High-Temperature Industrial Processes,
Laboratory and Pilot Scale Incineration Research and
Development, Incinerator Process Management, Ad-
vanced Hazardous Waste Treatment and Control
Technology, and Specialized Hazardous Waste Incin-
eration Techniques.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators,
•Meetings, Technology, High temperature tests, In-
dustrial plants, Management planning, Solid waste dis-
posal.
PB83-210492 MF E1S
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments to Test
Photochemical Models: Microfiche of Data Col-
lected In the Study. Final rept. May 78-May 81,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, R. M. Kamens, K. G. Sexton, and A. A.
Gerhardt. Mar 82,1983p EPA-600/3-82-016C
Includes ten sheets of 48X reduction microfiche. See
alsoPB83-101501.
The smog chamber facility of the University of North
Carolina was used in a study to collect experimental
data for developing and testing kinetic mechanisms of
photochemical smog formation. Listings and plots of
the 115 dual all-day experiments conducted in the
study are contained on microfiche. Each microfiche
holds 265 pages of computer output arranged as 24
columns of 15 pages. The fiche contain a documenta-
tion section describing the nature of the run and a list-
ing of the data collected for both sides of the chamber
at four-minute intervals. Fifty of the runs also contain
line-printer plots of the data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Smog, "Mathematical
models, Test chambers, Photochemistry, Microfiche,
North Carolina.
PB83-210526 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analytical Perspectives on Setting Environmental
Standards. Final rept.,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
James W. Vaupel. Apr 83,123p EPA-450/5-83-002
Prepared in cooperation with International Inst. for Ap-
plied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg (Austria).
Natural scientists, engineers, economists, political sci-
entists, and policy analysis view the process of health,
safety, and environmental standard setting from di-
verse analytical perspectives. This report describes
these five perspectives; indicates why, how, and when
each is useful; and suggests a decomposition of ap-
propriate roles in the standard-setting process for sci-
entists and analysis with different interests and skills.
Keywords: "Environments, 'Standards, Public health,
Decision making, Government policies, Standardiza-
tion.
PB83-210591 PC A08/MF A01
Illinois Water Quality Management Plan. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Pendowski. Apr 83,164p IEPA/WPC/82-012
The purpose of the Illinois Water Quality Management
(WQM) Plan is to consolidate and streamline portions
of approved State and Areawlde WQM plans in order
to facilitate their usage In the operations of all desig-
nated WQM Agencies. The WQM Plan represents a
joint effort by the four agencies with WQM planning re-
sponsibilities. The Illinois WQM Plan is comprised of
four distinct parts. Part one provides the basic concep-
tual framework and objectives of the plan. Part two
outlines the process for point source decision-making
within the WQM plan. Part three of the WQM Plan is di-
vided into two major areas which were identified in the
initial water quality management plans. These sections
are: agriculture, construction, stream use/water quality
standards, hydrographic modification, urban runoff,
mineral extraction: mining, mineral extraction: oil field
brine and groundwater. The groundwater section in-
cludes residual wastes and on-site disposal. Part four
of this document discusses management.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, 'Regulations,
'Water quality management, Illinois, Sources, Runoff,
Urban areas, Agricultural engineering, Ground water,
Mines(Excavations), Extractions, Hydrography, Stand-
ards, Watersheds, Nonpoint sources, Point sources.
PB83-210633 PC A03/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program. Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency, 1981,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Beme I. Bennett, Robert L. Lampe, Linda F. Porter,
Avis P. Mines, and John C. Puzak. Apr 83,43p EPA-
600/4-83-009
This report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1981 National Audit Pro-
gram, which are summarized by pollutant and by ana-
lytical method. Semiannual audits were conducted for
SO2 and NO2 (bubbler methods), Pb, NO3(negative 2)
and SO4(negative 2) (filter strips) and CO (continuous
monitors)2. One audit was conducted on high-volume
flow rate. Continuous SO2 monitors were audited
throughout the year, such that no monitor was audited
more than once. Approximately 60 laboratories partici-
pated in each SO2 bubbler audit and 50 in each NO2
bubbler audit. Approximately 60 laboratories participat-
ed in each SO4(negative 2) audit, 50 in each
NO3(negative 2) audit and 97 in each Pb audit. Ap-
proximately 380 CO monitors were checked in each
CO audit and 159 continuous SO2 monitors were
checked throughout the year. A total of 1,462 flow de-
vices were audited. Approximately 6 percent of the
overall results were rejected as statistical outliers. This
value is consistent with that observed in previous
audits.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Air pollution, "Laboratories,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Lead(Metal), Samplers,
Performance evaluation, Gas analysis, Tables(Data),
"High volume samplers. National performance audit
program.
PB83-2107S7 PCA11/MFA01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Optimizing Coagulation-Adsorption for Haloform
and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Reduction. Final
rept. Apr 79-Apr 82,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining
Engineering.
M. J. Semmens, G. Hohenstein, A. Staples, G.
Norgaard, and K. Ayers. May 83,244p EPA-600/2-83-
042
Grant EPA-CR-806377
This study examines the removal of organic matter
from Mississippi River water by coagulation and soft-
ening processes and identifies the influence of operat-
ing parameters upon the removal process. Further-
more, since activated carbon is typically employed to
reduce organic concentrations, the effectiveness of
vaious pretreatments were evaluated for their Impact
upon carbon bed life and the product water quality.
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
"Coagulation, 'Water softening, Mississippi River, Po-
table water, Humic acids, Performance evaluation,
Trace elements, Halogen organic compounds, Disin-
fectants, "Pretreatment( Water), 'Activated carbon
treatment, "Water quality.
PBS3-21108S PC EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Austin, Tsxas.
Texas Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.
Jan 83, 436p-in 3v
Set includes PB83-211094, PB83-211102. and PB83-
211110.
No abstract available.
PB83-211094 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Austin, Texas.
Executive Summary of the Final Report July
1979-January 1983,
Texas Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.
Frank J. Castaldi. Jan 83, 37p
Grant EPA-P-006312-01-0
See also PB83-211102. Prepared in cooperation with
Austin City Dept. of Public Works and Engineering, TX.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
211086.
This Executive Summary briefly describes the study
objectives and scope, the study area and historical
conditions, data analysis of the stormwater and receiv-
ing water quality, the results of a public opinion survey,
conclusions, observations and recommendations.
Problems limiting the total evaluation are also dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Urban areas, "Water pollution,
"Lake Austin, Watersheds, Land use, Stream flow. Re-
gional planning, Storm sewers, Rainfall. Snowmelt,
Sediment transport, History, Public opinion, Surveys,
Town Lake, Texas, 'Storm water runoff.
PB83-211102 PCA16/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Austin, Texas.
Final Report. July 1979-January 1983,
Texas Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.
Frank J. Castaldi. Jan 83,359p
Grant EPA-P-006312-01 -0
See also PB83-211110. Prepared in cooperation with
Austin City Dept. o1 Public Works and Engineering,
TX., and Engineering-Science, Inc., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
211086.
This study documents the existing impacts of storm
water runoff loadings on Town Lake and Lake Austin
December 1983 1483
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water quality. It also characterizes runoff water quality
from two low-to-medium density residential land uses,
and one structural control measure. The storm water
monitoring program was divided into a receiving water
and a stormwater sampling program, and a detailed
analysis of the survey data of each program is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution,
•Lake Austin, Watersheds, Land use, Stream flow, Re-
gional planning, Storm sewers, Rainfall, Snowmelt,
Sediment transport, Texas, Town Lake, 'Storm water
runoff.
PB83-211110 PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Austin, Texas.
Appendix H - Public Participation. Addenda to the
Final Report. July 1979-January 1983,
Texas Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.
Frank J. Castaldi. Jan 83,40p
See also PB83-211102. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Water
Planning Div. Prepared in cooperation with Austin City
Dept. of Public Works and Engineering, TX.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99. PB83-
211086.
This Appendix H includes the information resulting
from a survey of public opinion concerning the water
quality of the surface waters of Austin, Texas, and an
analysis of the results obtained.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution,
Surface waters, Waters pollution, Surface waters, Wa-
tersheds, Land use, Stream flow, Regional planning,
Storm sewers, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sediment transport,
Citizen participation, Texas, 'Storm water runoff,
AustinfTexas).
PB83-211235 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
PTPLU - A Single Source Gaussian Dispersion Al-
gorithm. User's Guide. Final rept..
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
Thomas E. Pierce, D. Bruce Turner, Joseph A.
Catalano, and Frank V. Hale, III. Aug 82,113p EPA-
600/8-82-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3442
PTPLU (from PoinT PLUme) is an improved model for
estimating the location of the maximum short term
concentration from a single point source as a function
of stability and wind speed. The algorithm is similar to
PTMAX which was first released in May 1973. Among
the improvements of this version are options for the
estimation of gradual plume rise, stack downwash, and
buoyancy-induced dispersion. This document de-
scribes the input, processing, and output of both the
batch and interactive versions of the program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sta-
bility, Wind velocity, Concentration(Composition),
Chimneys, Algprithms, 'Point plume model, Point
sources, Gaussian plume models.
PB83-211243 PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Evlronmental Protection Agency) Evaluation
of the Kamel Spoilers under Section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Mar 83,35p EPA-AA-TEB-
511-83-8
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Kamei Spoilers under the provisions
of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the Kamei Spoil-
ers was conducted upon the application of the manu-
facturer. The Kamei Spoiler is a plastic spoiler (or air
dam) that is about six inches high and extends the
width of the vehicle. The spoiler is installed beneath
the front bumper to reduce the flow of air under the
front of the vehicle. The device is claimed to reduce
the aerodynamic drag forces retarding a vehicle and
thereby improve fuel economy. EPA fully considered
all of the information submitted by the applicant. The
evaluation of the Kamei Spoilers was based on that in-
formation and EPA's engineering judgement. The
overall conclusion is that the Kamei Spoilers have the
potential to improve the fuel economy of some motor
vehicles.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Aer-
odynamic drag, Exhaust emissions, * Kamei spoilers,
Fuel economy.
PB83-211490 PCA02/MFA01
Management of Construction Change Orders. A
Guide for Grantees. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Mar83,20p
This guidance is offered to a Grantee for managing the
change order process on a construction contract
under a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) construction grants program. The es-
tablishment of a change order procedure serves to ex-
pedite changes that arise during the construction of a
project. Uniform procedures reduce confusion and
multiple submissions of data for each change. Efficient
execution of a change order management procedure
can save both time and money.
Keywords: 'Construction management, 'Contracts,
'Contract administration, Grants, Guidelines, Cost
control, Critical path method, Management planning,
Negotiated contracts, 'Change orders, 'Design
changes, Federal regulations.
PB83-211607 PC A03/MF A01
Emissions and Energy Efficiency Characteristics
of Methanol-Fueled Engines and Vehicles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jeff Alson, and Thomas M. Baines. 14 Oct 82,36p
Presented at the Institute of Gas Technology's Nonpe-
troleum Vehicular Fuels III in Arlington, VA., October
14,1982.
This paper summarizes the emissions and energy effi-
ciency results from two recent Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) test programs involving engines de-
signed to utilize methanol fuel.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Fuel consumption, 'Methyl
alcohol, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Alternate fuels.
PB83-212043 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Ohio River Valley Study. Sites, Methods, Data
Summary for 1980. Volume 1. Main Report. Rept.
for Oct 79-Dec 80,
Mead Technology Labs., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Shaw, R. J. Paur, and T. Royal. May 83,104p
EPA-600/3-83-044A
Contract EPA-68-02-3288
See also PB83-212050.
The Ohio River Valley Study was initiated to gather air
quality data at sites representative of regional condi-
tions in an area where current coal usage and project-
ed increases are exceptionally large. These data were
intended for use in developing source apportionment
calculations to attempt to identify species contributing
to fine and coarse particle mass and to identify the
major pollution sources responsible for these ambient
particles. Special emphasis was also directed to chem-
ical and physical analysis of the aerosols and gases to
estimate the impact of emissions from coal-fired power
plants on air quality at these Ohio River Valley monitor-
ing Sites. This report describes procedures for site lo-
cation and for station preparation, operation, and peri-
odic audits. Data summaries are presented for the
period May through December 1980.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Sites,
Concentration(Composrtion), Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Ozone, Particles, Aerosols, Fines, Electric
power plants, Ohio River Valley, 'Air quality data, 'Air
pollution sampling, Coal fired power plants, Peroxya-
cetyl nitrate, Totalsuspended particulates.
PB83-212050 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Ohio River Valley Study. Sites, Methods, Data
Summary for 1980. Volume 2. Appendices. Rept.
for Oct 79-Dec 80,
Mead Technology Labs., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Shaw, R. S. Paur, and T. Royal. May 83,361 p
EPA-600/3-83-044B
Contract EPA-68-02-3288
See also PB83-212043.
The Ohio River Valley Study was initiated to gather air
quality data at sites representative of regional condi-
tions in an area where current coal usage and project-
ed increases are exceptionally large. This report de-
scribes procedures for site location and for station
preparation, operation, and periodic audits. Data sum-
maries are presented for the period May through De-
cember 1980. Measurements included atmospheric
concentrations of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
ozone, and peroxyacetyT nitrate; local meteorology;
aerosol mass and composition; total suspended partic-
ulate; and precipitation. Special analysis for speciation
of sulfur aerosols began in December 1980. Measure-
ments of nitric acid and ammonia were made during
the summer of 1981; results will be presented in a sub-
sequent report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Ozone, Particles, Auditing, Performance eval-
uation, Design criteria, Aerosols, Fines, Electric power
plants, Ohio River Valley, Sulfur, Gas detectors, "Air
quality data, 'Air pollution sampling, Coal fired power
plants, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Total suspended particu-
lates.
PB83-213512 Not available NTIS
Quantltatlon of TK-/- and HGPRT- Mutants of
L5178Y/TK + /- Mouse Lymphoma Cells at Vary-
Ing Times Post-Treatment. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
Martha M. Moore, and Donald Clive. c1982,24p EPA-
600/J-82-036
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 4, p499-519 1982.
The quantitation of newly induced TFT-resistant and
TG-resistant mutants in TK-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma
cells was analyzed using conventional soft agar clon-
ing and a newly developed technique that allowed for
the sequestering, expression, and selection (SES) of
mutants in Linbro wells.
Keywords: 'Mutations, Genetics, Mice, Measurement,
Cells(Biology), Culture media, Reprints, * Lymphoma.
PB83-213827 PC AOfi/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Nickel. External
Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Paul Mushak, Annemarie Crocetti, Donna J. Sivulka,
and Steven Bayard. May 83, 178p EPA-600/8-83-
012A
This document summarizes current scientific informa-
tion regarding the effects of nickel on humans and the
environment, the observed effects, as presented
herein constitute the health basis from which the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency will make determi-
nations regarding the possible listing and regulating of
nickel as a hazardous air pollutant under the Clean Air
Act. Specifically, this document discusses the follow-
ing topics-physical and chemical properties of nickel;
environmental distribution and cycling; nickel metabo-
lism, toxicology and essentiality-and identifies the fac-
tors most germane to assessing quantitative human
health risks.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Public health, 'Environmental
surveys, Distribution, Toxicology, Assessments, Risk,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Metals,
Cycles, Quantitative analysis, Environments, Epidemi-
ology, Metabolism, Dosage, Malignant neoplasms,
Regulations, 'Health risks. Heavy metals, Path of pol-
lutant, Cancer.
PB83-213843 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1484 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemical Selection Methods: An Annotated Bibli-
ography - Second Edition. Toxics Integration Infor-
mation series (Final),
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Daniel E. Meyer, and Verna L. Halpin. Mar 83,63p
EPA-560/TIIS-83-003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6651
Persons interested in the control of toxic chemicals
have examined and are examining methods to select
chemicals of concern from the universe of chemical
substances. Chemical selection refers to such activi-
ties as priority-setting, ranking, indexing, and sorting.
These efforts have included the development of vari-
ous systematic selection methods, such as scoring
systems. This annotated bibliography is intended to
provide brief summaries of a variety of chemical selec-
tion methods.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Bibliographies,
Pesticides, Water pollution, Air pollution, Radioactive
contaminants, Abstracts, 'Toxic substances, Toxic In-
tegration Information Series, Listings, Solid wastes.
PB83-213884 PC A02/MF A01
Two Acute Human Poisoning Cases Resulting
from Exposure to Dlazlnon Transformation Prod-
ucts In Egypt. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Salah A. Soliman, G. Wayne Sovcool, August Curley,
Nabila S. Ahmed, and Sorya EI-Fiki. 1982,9p EPA-
600/J-82-024
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v37 n4
p207-2121982.
Two spraymen working in public health occupations in
Alexandria, Egypt, experienced acute toxicity resulting
from exposure to diazinon. Symptomatology was simi-
lar to that previously reported for exposure to parath-
ion or other organophosphorus insecticides. Plasma
and red blood cell cholinesterase activity values were
determined in blood samples obtained from both indi-
viduals at various times after the incident. Experimen-
tal results suggested that this acute toxicity resulted
from unsuitable storage conditions of the emulslfiable
concentrate formulation of diazinon. The diazinon that
was applied was stored in 'tin' containers made of tin-
plated sheet steel. The emulsifiable concentrate
(60%) was not in compliance with the World Health Or-
ganization's standard specifications regarding the
emulsion stability tests because of the presence of
crystals In the emulsifiable concentrate. A sample of
this crystalline material was analyzed. Sulfotepp and
monothiono-TEPP were two of the identified products
in the sample, both of which are much more toxic than
diazinon.
Keywords: 'Diazinon, 'Toxic diseases, Insecticides,
Blood chemical analysis, Containers, Storage, Toxici-
ty, Egypt, Reprints, Alexandria(Egypt).
PB83-213892 Not available NTIS
Cellular Pathology of a Qranuloels Virus Infection.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Susan Walker, C. Y. Kawanishi, and J. J. Hamm.
C1982,18p EPA-600/J-81 -391
Pub. in Jnl. of infrastructure Research 80, p163-177
1982.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic ultrastructural changes were
examined in Spodoptera f rugiperda (SF) larvalfat body
cells infected with granulosis virus (GV). Soon after in-
fection necleocapsidlike structures were observed
within the nucleus associated with nuclear pores. The
earliest cellular alterations were the formation of intra-
nuclear membrane blebs and annulate lamellae. There
was also development of nuclear envelope associated
crystals, followed by coalescence of heterochromatin,
nucleoplasm clearing, loss of nuclear envelope integri-
ty, paired cisternae formation, and virus assembly.
Stored lipid decreased and glycogen was depleted. Mi-
tochondria assumed a condensed configuration. Gap
junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes nor-
mally present in uninfected fat body cells were lost
during infection. Infected cells appeared to detach
from other cells and basal lamina; concomitantly, mi-
tottc activity was observed more frequently in peripher-
al uninfected cells within proximity of the delimiting fat
body basal lamina than in controls. Such changes may
help to explain previous observations of a profiferatrve
response to GV infection and consequent fat body hy-
perplasia.
Keywords: 'Viral diseases, 'Infectious diseases, Pa-
thology, Cells(Biology), Reprints, * Spodoptera f rugi-
perda, 'Granulosis viruses.
PB83-213900
PC A02/MF A01
Review of Terms for Regulated versus Forced,
Neurochemical-lnduced Changes In Body Tem-
perature. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon. 1983,14p EPA-600/J-82-075
Pub. in Life Sciences, v32 m 2 p1285-12951983.
Deviations of the body temperature of homeothermic
animals may be regulated or forced. A regulated
change in core temperature is caused by a natural or
synthetic compound that displaces the set-point tem-
perature. A forced shift occurs when an excessive en-
vironmental or endogenous heat load, or heat sink, ex-
ceeds the body's capacity to thermoregulate but does
not affect set-point. A fever is the paradigm of a regu-
lated increase in body temperature, but the term fever
has acquired a strict pathological definition over the
past two decades. Consequently, other forms of non-
pathological regulated elevations in body tempera-
ture-either forced or regulated vs. a forced tempera-
ture change, a confusion of terms has been created In
the literature.
Keywords: 'Body temperature, •Homoiothermia, Pa-
thology, Physiology, Reprints, Neurochemistry.
PB83-213918 Not available NTIS
Benz(|)aceanthrylene: A Novel Polycycllc Aromat-
ic Hydrocarbon with Bacterial Mutagenlc Activity.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Sangaiah, A. Gold, G. E. Toney, S. H. Toney, and L.
Claxton. C1983,11p EPA-600/J-83-013
Pub. in Mutation Research 119, p259-266 1983.
Initial studies on the mutagenicity and metabolism of a
novel cyclopenta-PAH, benz(j) aceanthrylene, are re-
ported in the Salmonella bacterial system. The spec-
trum of activity of benz(|)aceanthrylene over the 5
Ames tester strains is similar to that of
benzo(a)pyrene, and the dose-response curves for
strain TA98 are comparable. Like other biologically
active PAH, benz(j)aceanthrylene is a frame-shift mu-
tagen requiring metabolic activation. An interesting
feature of the 59 dependence of activity is the low con-
centration (about 10-fold smaller than for
benzo(a)pyrene) at which optimal activity is observed.
The 1,2-dihydro-1,2-diol (product of metabolism of the
cyclopenta-ring) appears to be the predominant meta-
bolite, and implicates the 1,2-oxide as the ultimate mu-
tagenic species.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Salmonella, 'Environmental
surveys, Mutations, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Bacteria.
Metabolism, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Benzaceanthry-
lene, Mutagenesis, Dihydroglycol.
PB83-213926 PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of the DMA of a Nonoccluded
Baculovlrus, Hz-1V. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Yuan-Shen Huang, M. Hedberg, and C. Y. Kawanishi.
1982,11pEPA-600/J-82-113
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, p174-181 1982.
The DNA of the nonoccluded baculovlrus (Hz-1V) ob-
tained from the IMC-Hz-1 cell line was characterized
by physicochemical and restriction endonuclease
techniques. Hz-1V DNA isolated from purified virus
had buoyant densities of 1.58 and 1.54 a/ml in CsC1-
ethidium bromide density gradients, which correspond-
ed to supercoiled and to relaxed circular and linear
DNA, respectively. Neutral CsC1 equirbrium centrifu-
gation indicated that the Hz-1V DNA had a buoyant
density of 1.7024 g/m1, which corresponded to a gua-
nine-plus-cytqsine (G + C) content of 43%. Thermal
denaturation indicated a high G t C domain (s) in the
Hz-1V genomic DNA. The domain (s), which included
about 11 % of the total genomic DNA, exhibited a Tms
corresponded to 3 t C contents of 42 and 67%, re-
spectively.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Viruses,
Ceils(Biology), Purification, Isolation, Electron micros-
copy. Reprints, 'Baculoviruses, Cell lines. Endonu-
cleases.
PB83-213934 PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Cytotoxlcity of Coal Fly Ash
from Fluldlzed-Bed and Conventional Combus-
tion. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Judy Lee Mumford, and Joellen Lewtas. 1982,25p
EPA-600/J-82-038
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Enviromental Health 10,
P565-5861982.
Two respirable coal fly-ash samples (3 micrometers)
were evaluated for physical properties chemical com-
position, and biological activity, including cytotoxicity
and mutagenicity. These two fly-ash samples were col-
lected from a pressurized fluidized-bed combustion
miniplant and from a conventional-combustion power
plant, both burning eastern coal. All samples collected
by a fabric filter downstream of the plant paniculate
control devices at 165 C (for fluidized-bed combustion
fly ash) or 130 C (for conventional combustion fly ash).
The two coal fly-ash samples were found to have dif-
ferent properties.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Mutagens, 'Air pollution, •Toxici-
ty, Coal, Fluidized bed processing, Physical properties,
Chemical composition, Industriaf wastes, Combustion
products, Reprints, Coal fired power plants.
PB83-213942 PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Function In Normal Humans with Exer-
cise and Temperature-Humidity Stress. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Ralph W. Stacy, Elston Seal, Jr., James Green, and
Dennis House. 1982,7p EPA-600/J-82-090
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 53, n4 p1015-1018
1982.
Fifty-eight normal young male human subjects were
exposed for 4 h to comfortable conditions or to heat
stress conditions with or without exercise. Heat stress
produced significant changes in forced vital capacity,
and possibly significant interactions were observed in
peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory flow at 25%
of vital capacity. Effects of the two factors appeared to
be additive.
Keywords: 'Respiratory system,
*Exercise(Physiology), 'Heat stress, Lung, Tempera-
ture, Humidity, Tests, Humans, Reprints, Air pollution
effects.
PBB3-2139S9 PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Electric Field Induced Perturbation of
the Distribution of Ions Near the Cell Surface on
Migration of Charged Membrane Components.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
James R. Rabinowitz. C1982,12p EPA-600/J-82-091
Pub. in Jnl. of Theoretical Biology 99, D377-3B9 1982.
It has demonstrated that an externally applied electric
field perturbs the distribution of some of the macromp-
lecules in biological membranes. Various electrostatic,
hydrodynamic and structural forces resulting from the
external field influence the movement of mtramem-
braneous particles. This study investigates one of
those forces, that due to the polarization of the ion dis-
tribution is calculated at any point on the cell surface.
Keywords: 'Electric fields, 'Membranes(Biology), Par-
ticles, Molecules, Movement, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
Biological effects.
PB83-213967 PC A03/MF A01
Activated Sludge with Powdered Activated
Carbon Treatment of a Dyes and Pigments Proc-
essing Wastewater,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Glenn M. Shaul, Michael W. Bamett, Timothy W.
Neiheisel, and Kenneth A. Dostal. 1983,29p EPA-
600/D-83-049
December 1983 1485
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Presented at the Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Con-
ference (38th), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indi-
ana, 10-12 May 1983.
This paper discusses completed efforts in the treat-
ment of dyes and pigments processing wastewater uti-
lizing the activated sludge process (ASP) enhanced
with powdered activated carbon (PAC). The independ-
ent variables of the study were solids retention time
(SRT) and PAC dosage. Three SRTs were studies
(about 4 days, about 8 days, about 20 days) with a con-
trol system (no PAC) and experimental system (PAC
added) operated in parallel. PAC dosages of 70, 130,
290, 1000 and 1800 mg/L were evaluated, although
not at all SRTs studied. Gross organics, color, metals
and toxicity reduction data are presented. Develop-
ment of biokinetic constants from the control systems'
gross organics data are also presented. The addition
of PAC to the ASP did enhance the removal of organ-
ics and color and showed a reduction in toxicity of the
final effluent to fathead minnow and Daphnia magna
as compared to the control systems.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Activated sludge
treatment, "Activated carbon treatment, *Dyes, "Pig-
ments, Industrial waste treatment, Sewers, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Toxicity, Organic compounds,
Chemical oxygen demand.
PB83-214247 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
Final Environmental Impact Statement Munlclpal-
"y^rt Anchorage Sewerage Facilities Expansion
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Jun83, 50p EPA/910/9-82/091
The proposed action is the expansion of the Point
VVoronzof Wastewater Treatment Plant from 34 to 58
MGD, extension of the outfall, adding an outfall diffus-
er, solids disposal, construction of two major intercep-
tor sewers, and designation of rural Hillside areas for
on-site sewerage or public sewer services. The EIS
discusses the impacts of these proposed actions and
alternatives with emphasis on wetland impacts, Hill-
side area issues, effluent disposal issues, and second-
ary impacts. Specific mitigation measures in the form
of proposed grant conditions are considered. Six com-
ment letters were received. Consideration of these
comment letters in preparing the Final EIS required
only minor changes to the Draft EIS. The changes to
the Draft EIS, the comment letters and responses to
the letters are contained in this addendum. This ad-
dendum and the Draft EIS constitute the Final EIS.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
•Sewage treatment, Sewers, Design criteria, Solid
waste disposal, Diffusers, Substitutes, Alaska,
Anchorage(Alaska).
PB83-214478 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollution Control Technical Manual for Lurgl-
Ba*ed Indirect Coal Liquefaction and SNG (Sub-
stitute Natural Gas). Final rept. Jun 82-Feb 83.
TRW, Inc., Hedondo Beach, CA.
Apr 83,651p EPA/600/8-83/006
Contracts EPA-68-02-3647, EPA-68-02-3137
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Research and Development has undertaken an exten-
sive study to determine synthetic fuel plant waste
stream characteristics and to evaluate potentially ap-
plicable pollution control systems. The purpose of this
and all other PCTMs is to convey this information in a
manner that is readily useful to designers, permit writ-
ers, and the public. This specific PCTM addresses
coal-based synthetic fuels facilities using dry ash Lurgi
gasifiers to generate a synthesis process feed gas.
product synthesis technologies examined in this
PCTM include: methanation to produce substitute nat-
ural gas (SNG), methanol synthesis, Mobil M-gasoline
synthesis from methanol, and Fischer-Tropsch synthe-
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pollution control,
•Manuals, 'Licenses, Coal gasification, Air pollution
control, Water pollution control, Shale oil, Technology,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, "Coal liquefaction, "SNG processes, 'Lurgi
process, Solid waste management, Stationary
sources, Fugitive emissions.
PB83-214486 PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollution Control Technical Manual for Exxon
Donor Solvent Direct Coal Liquefaction. Final rept.
Apr 82-Oct 82.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Apr 83, 568p EPA/600/8-83/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Research and Development, has undertaken an ex-
tensive study to determine synthetic fuel plant waste
stream characteristics and pollution control systems.
The purpose of this and all other Pollution Control
Technical Manuals (PCTMs) is to convey this informa-
tion in a manner that is readily useful to designers,
permit writers, and the public. The Exxon Donor Sol-
vent (EDS) direct coal liquefaction PCTM addresses
the coal liquefaction technology being developed by
Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Two con-
figurations of the EDS process are considered in detail
in this manual. These are the base case configuration
and the Market Flexibility Sensitivity (MFS) configura-
tion. This manual describes the two configurations of
the EDS process, characterizes the waste streams
produced in each medium, and discusses the array of
commercially available controls which can be applied
to the base plant waste streams.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pollution control,
"Manuals, "Licenses, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Water
pollution control, Air pollution control, Technology, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Coal gasifica-
tion, 'Coal liquefaction, 'Exxon liquefaction process,
Solid waste management.
PB83-214494 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Commuter Exposure Model. User's Guide. Final
rept. Oct78-Apr81,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
P. B. Simmon, and R. M. Patterson. Jun 83,140p EPA-
600/8-83-023
Contract EPA-68-02-2981
The commuter exposure modeling package consists
of two documents. This volume is the User's Guide. It
describes program execution and provides the user
with the information needed to run the program. The
'other volume provides a detailed description of the
model methodology and code. In this guide, the poten-
tial uses of the model are discussed and a brief over-
view of the modeling methodology is presented. A
comprehensive section describing the details of the
implementation of the model methodology on a com-
puter and the associated computer requirements is in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Roads, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution,
"Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Transport properties, "Air quality, "Com-
muter transportation.
PB83-214502 PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollution Control Technical Manual for Koppers-
Totzek Based Indirect Coal Liquefaction. Final
rept. Jun 82-Feb 83.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Apr 83,498p EPA/600/8-83/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3647
The document is one of six technical handbooks pre-
pared by EPA to help government officials granting
permits to build synfuels facilities, synfuels process de-
velopers, and other interested parties. They provide
technical data on waste streams from synfuels facili-
ties and technologies capable of controlling them.
Process technologies covered in the manuals include
coal gasification, coal liquefaction by direct and indi-
rect processing, and the extraction of oil from shale.
The manuals offer no regulatory guidance, allowing
the industry flexibility in deciding how best to comply
with environmental regulations.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pollution control,
"Manuals, "Licenses, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Coal gasification, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, "Coal liquefaction, "Koppers-Totzek proc-
ess, Solid waste management, Fugitive emissions.
PB83-214551 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Validation of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Reference Method 23. Final rept.,
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., Plumsteadville,
PA.
Byron B. Bradd. Jun 83, 53p EPA-600/4-83-024
Contract EPA-68-02-3405
The accuracy and precision of U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Reference Method 23 was evaluated
at a trichloroethylene degreasing facility and an ethyl-
ene dichloride plant. The method consists of a proce-
dure for obtaining an integrated sample followed by
gas chromatographic analysis. This study identified a
number of conditions such as sunlight and sample
volume that may affect the performance of the
Method. A paired sampling technique was employed to
obtain identical samples, from which the precision and
variable interactions could be determined. Certain re-
sults fell outside the range of acceptable precision, es-
pecially when mylar bags were employed. Modifica-
tions to the method are suggested that specify that
only Tedlar bags be used for sampling, that incorpo-
rate an on-site technique for leak detection, and that
discontinues the procedure for moisture removal. With
these modifications, Reference Method 23 was fully
validated as acceptable for field use.
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, "Gas analysis, Field
tests, Degreasing, Revisions, Air pollution, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation, Chlorine
organic compounds, Leakage, "EPA method 23, "Eth-
ylene/trichloro, "Air pollution detection, Ethylene/
dichloro, Stationary sources, Procedures.
PB83-214643 PC A09/MF A01
Engine Manufacturers Association, Chicago, IL.
Diesel Paniculate by 1986 HO (Heavy Duty) Tran-
sient Federal Test Procedure. Final rept,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Sherrill F. Martin. Oct 81,178p
Contract EPA-68-03-2603
Sponsored in pa.1 by Engine Manufacturers Associa-
tion, Chicago, IL.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Three Heavy Duty Engines were tested as part of a
joint Environmental Protection-Engine Manufacturers
Association cooperative program to cross-check the
participate and gaseous emissions from heavy-duty
diesel engines. The following tests were performed on
each engine: 13-mode, 6-mode, 11-mode Federal Test
Procedure (FTP) and 1984 Transient Federal Test.
Particutate samples were taken on all of the tests. Ex-
haust emissions were also measured on the complete
13-mode and the transient tests. Also included is the
summary charts of the test data from each specific
engine tested.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Parti-
cles, Tests, Manufacturers, "Diesel engine exhaust,
Heavy duty vehicles.
PB83-214684 PC A03/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Atomized Vapor Injector
Device Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle In-
formation and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
John C. Shelton. Feb 83,41 p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -83-4
This report announces the conclusions of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) evaluation of the
Atomized Vapor Injector device under provisions of
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
Savings Act. The evaluation of the Atomized Vapor In-
jector was conducted upon receiving an application
from the inventor. The device is a vapor air bleed
which bubbles air through a 50/50 mixture of water
and alcohol. This vapor is said to cause more efficient
combustion by atomizing the gasoline droplets and
lowering the engine temperature. This claimed to Im-
prove fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions.
1486 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Atomizers, Air Intakes, Combustion, In-
jectors, Fuel systems, Atomized vapor injectors.
PB83-214809
Environmental
Region X.
PC A04/MF A01
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
PB63-214700 PC A04/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the Malpassi Filter King Device
Under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Stanley L. Syria. Jan 83,70p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-1
This report announces the conclusions ot the EPA
evaluation of the 'Malpassi Filter King' device under
provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Infor-
mation and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the
'Malpassi Filter King' device was conducted upon re-
ceiving an application from the marketer. The device is
a gasoline pressure regulator. The 'Malpassi Filter
King' device is claimed to save gasoline by improving
the fuel economy of carburetor-equipped, automotive
engines.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Automotive fuels, Pressure regulators.
Fuel systems, Malpassi Filter King devices.
PB83-214734 PC A99/MF E03
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control Technology Appendices for Pollution
Control Technical Manuals. Final rept. Jun 82-Feb
83.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Apr 83,762p' EPA-600/8-83-009
Contracts EPA-68-02-3647, EPA-68-02-3137
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
The document is one of six technical handbooks pre-
pared by EPA to help government officials granting
permits to build synfuels facilities, synfuels process de-
velopers, and other interested parties. They provide
technical data on waste streams from synfuels facili-
ties and technologies capable of controlling them.
Process technologies covered in the manuals include
coal gasification, coal liquefaction by direct and idirect
processing, and the extraction of oil from shale. The
manuals offer no regulatory guidance, allowing the in-
dustry flexibility in deciding how best to comply with
environmental regulations.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, 'Environmental surveys,
•Handbooks, Air pollution control, Water pollution con-
trol. Coal gasification, Shale oil, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Manuals, Technology, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Coal liquefaction,
Solid wastes.
PB83-214791 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Diagnostic Operational Modeling Program* for
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Field
Evaluation and Process Review Project Report,
ES Environmental Services, Berkeley, CA.
David L. Sullivan, and Roy E. Monier. Jun 82, H1p
EPA-910/9-82-085
Grant EPA-TOOO-228-01
The project described in this report was undertaken in
order to provide EPA Region X with easily applied user
oriented computer programs based on ES Environ-
mental Services, Inc. (ES2) methodologies which
would rapidly and accurately predict treatment plant
performance capabilities and process parameters
under a wide variety of operating conditions. The
project involved diagnostic computer modeling and on
•He field evaluation of 15 municipal treatment plants in
Region X to verify the accuracy of the programs. In ad-
dttton, ten treatment plants currently under design In
Region X were modeled to determine their abilny to
meet anticipated discharge requirements. The results
of the field validation effort have shown that the pre-
dictive methodologies developed by ES2 are very ac-
curate under normal operating condPons in all types of
treatment plants surveyed.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Field tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Tables(Data)
Concentration(Composition), 'Computer applications
Diagnostic Operational Modeling
ES Environmental Services, I
, Berkefey, CA.
David L. Sullivan, and Roy E. Monier. Jun 82,64p EPA-
910/9-82-096
Grant EPA-TOOO-226-01
See also PB83-214791.
This manual describes the physical set-up of the com-
puter system and presents several important 'do's and
don'ts' intended to prevent the user from damaging
the computer or the diskettes. Chapter 3 contains a
step-by-step description of how to run the programs
and obtain numerical and graphical output. Chapter 4
presents guidelines for interpreting the program output
and a discussion of the limits of accuracy of the pro-
grams. These programs have been prepared for use
with the Apple II plus minicomputer. The Diagnostic
Operational Modeling Programs are intended to pro-
vide a reliable and rapid means of identifying process
limitations and operational deficiencies. Programs for
the following ten types of municipal wastewater treat-
ment plants are available: (1) primary treatment, (2)
conventional activated sludge, (3) single stage activat-
ed sludge for nitrification, (4) extended aeration acti-
vated sludge, (5) extended aeration oxidation ditch, (6)
contact stabilization, (7) single stage trickling filter, (8)
two stage trickling filter, (9) activated Bio-Filter, and
(10) rotating biological contactors. These programs
allow the option of an anaerobic or aerobic sludge di-
gestion analysis.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Anaerobic processes,
Aerobic processes, Digestion, Activated sludge proc-
ess, 'User manuals(Computer programs), 'Computer
applications, Apple 2 computers, Sludge treatment,
Trickling filtration, Rotating biological contactors.
PB83-214924 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Guidance for Controlling Friable Asbestos-Con-
taining Materials In Buildings,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
Dale L. Keyes, and Bertram P. Pric. Mar 83,79p EPA-
560/5-83-002
Contracts EPA-68-01-5915, EPA-68-01-6721
This document provides information that supplements
previous EPA guidance on controlling asbestos-con-
•-'-'Tg materials found In buildings. The document (1)
des a current summary of data on exposure to air-
a asbestos, (2) identifies organizational and pro-
cedural issues in establishing an asbestos program,
(3) reviews technical issues confronted when assess-
ing the potential for exposure to airborne asbestos in
particular indoor settings, (4) summarizes and updates
information on applicability, effectiveness, and relative
costs of alternative remedial actions, (5) suggests a
structured process for selecting a particular course of
action given information on exposure levels, assess-
ment methods, and abatement techniques, (6) intro-
duces and discusses criteria for determining success-
ful asbestos control. The material presented is a sum-
mary of Information and experience gained over the 4
years since previous guidance was published.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution, 'Construction
materials, Exposure, Assessments, Cost analysis
Substitutes, Buildings, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB83-216103 PC A04/MF A01
Intraapeclflc Variability In Metabolic Responses to
SO2,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
David T. Tingey. and David M. Olszyk. Jun 83,72p
EPA-800/D-83-048
Variation In metabolic responses to sulfur dioxide is
widespread within many plant species. Plant re-
sponses are a consequence of a series of biochemical
and physiological events beginning with SO2 flux Into
plant and progressing through perturbation, and home-
ostasis, and ending with foliar Injury and/or effects on
growth and yield. Gas-phase and liquid-phase con-
ductance are Important determinants of SO2 flux.
However, the relationship between variation in these
factors and plant response Is Incompletely under-
stood-at least In part because of difficulties with S02
gas-exchange methodology. Perturbation events oc-
curring primarily in the chloroplast, and homeostatic
mechanisms have received only brief attention.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide. 'Toxicology, 'Physiological
effects, Metabolism, Responses, Biochemistry, Genet-
ics, Resistance, 'Air pollution erfects(Plants). 'Toxic
substances.
PB83-215491 PC A04/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey -1982,
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
Larry Walz. Apr 83, 59p EPA-330/1 -83-001
See also PB81-157869.
The National Enforcement Investigations Center in-
spected 2885 vehicles for tampenng with emission
control devices. All vehicles inspected were classified
into one of four mutually exclusive categories: tam-
pered (at least one control device removed or ren-
dered inoperative), arguably tampered (potential, but
not clear-cut tampering), malfunctioning, and OK (all
control devices present and apparently operating
properly). The results were: tampered - 16.7%, argu-
ably tampered - 38.4%, malfunctioning -1.2%, and OK
-43.7%.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Inspection, Exhaust emissions, Data acquisition,
Surveys, 'Tampering.
PB83-215533 PC A03/MF A01
Methanol - The Transportation Fuel of the Future
for the 1983 Midyear Refining Meeting of the API
(American Petroleum Institute). A Governmental
View of Oxygenates for Use as Motor Fuels and
Motor Fuel Component*. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Charles Gray, Jr. 11 May 83,37p
The Office of Mobile Sources within the Environmental
Protection Agency has studied and evaluated alterna-
tive transportation fuels since its formation in 1970.
This report presents the analysis which led the EPA to
conclude that methanol is the most promising candi-
date future transportation fuel. Also included is results
of completed and ongoing EPA engine/vehicle test
programs and the concerns associated with the use of
methanol as a transportation fuel.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, Forecasting. Fuels, Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel consumption, Air pollution, Fea-
sibility,'Alternative fuels.
PB83-215566 PC EOS/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Commuter Exposure Model: Description of Model
Methodology and Code. Final rept. Oct 78-Apr 81,
SRI International, Menlo Park. CA.
P. B. Simmon, and R. M. Patterson. Jun 83,95p* EPA-
600/8-83-022
Contract EPA-68-02-2981
Includes one sheet of microfiche.
The commuter exposure modeling package consists
of two documents. The User's Guide describes pro-
gram execution and provides the user with the infor-
mation needed to run the program. This document is a
detailed description of the model methodology and
code. This document is for users needing more de-
tailed information about the model than is given in the
User's Guide. It contains a detailed description of the
model methodology and code that covers topics such
as the definition of the modeling approach, traffic,
emissions, and dispersion modeling, and commuter
exposure statistics. A section describing and defining
the symbols used in the computer code is also indue?
ed. Detailed flowcharts of all of the model subroutines
comprise another section. Finally, a discussion of the
dimensions of arrays in the code and how to change
dimensions is presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Mathe-
matical models. 'Roads, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Methodology, Vehicular
*«ffic. Dispersions, Flow charts. •Commuter transpor-
PB83-216657 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
December 1983 1487
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hazardous Air Pollutant Prlorltlzatlon System
(HAPPS). Final rept,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
A. E. Smith, and D. J. Fingleton. Oct 82, 99p EPA-450/
5-82-008
This report presents a preliminary screening technique
by which a large number of potentially hazardous com-
pounds can be numerically ranked using readily avail-
able information on health effects and release to the
ambient air. Factors considered are oncogenicity, mu-
tagenicity, reproduction and developmental toxicity,
acute lethality, effects other than acute lethality, pro-
duction volume, vapor pressure, bioaccumulation and
existing standards.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, *Air pollution, Hank-
ing, Public health, Toxicity, Exposure, Standards, Mu-
tagens, Lethal dosage, Neoplasms, 'Hazardous air
pollutant prioritization system, "Toxic substances, On-
cology, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-215939 PC A04/MF A01
Air Programs Reports and Guidelines Index. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Joseph Sableski, Bruce Hogarth, Johnnie Pearson
and Patrice Mansfiel. Feb 83, 56p EPA-450/2-82-016
The Index represents a compilation of current techni-
cal and guideline documents prepared by the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) over the
past several years. It is intended for use by officials of
State and local agencies as a companion document to
the Air Programs Policy and Guidance Notebook. It will
provide information to State and local air pollution con-
trol agencies in conducting air quality programs,
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Guidelines, State
government, Standards, Hazardous materials, Chim-
neys, Visibility, Carbon monoxide, Ozone, Mathemati-
cal models, "Air quality, Stationary sources, State im-
plementation plans, Standards of performance, Pre-
vention of significant deterioration.
PB83-216366 PC A08/MF A01
Unregulated Emissions for Vehicles Operated
under Low Speed Conditions. Final rept. Apr-Sep
82,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Lawrence R. Smith. May 83,155p EPA-460/3-83-006
Contract EPA-68-03-3073
This report describes the laboratory effort to charac-
terize regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions
from six automobiles with various emission control sys-
tems at idle and low speed operation. The automobiles
were evaluated at manufacturer's specifications and
under malfunction operation. Exhaust emission con-
stituents measured, in addition to the currently regulat-
ed emissions, include: sulfates, aldehydes and ke-
tones, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
"Motor vehicles, Sulfates, Aldehydes, Ketones, Cyan-
ides, Hydrogen sulfide. Ammonia, Failure, Light duty
vehicles, Procedures.
PB83-216580 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Fitter Extraction Procedures and Results for Vari-
ous EPA/ECTD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Emission Control Technology Division)
Partlculate Samples. Final rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Mary Ann Warner. Aug 82,28p EPA-460/3-82-008
Contract EPA-68-03-2884
This report describes filter extractions and benzo (a)
pyrene analyses performed for the Emission Control
Technology Division of the Environmental Protection
Agency. Pallflex filters measuring 20x20 inches were
soxhlet-extracted in methylene chloride to remove or-
ganic soluble material. Some of the extracts were ana-
lyzed for benzo (a) pyrene, and some underwent Ames
bioassay. Percent extractables and benzo (a) pyrene
concentrations in the extracts are reported. Part of the
effort also went into splitting and recombing extracts
with the necessary extra drying and weighing steps.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gas analysis, "Sampling,
"Filtration, 'Particles, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Extractions,
Tables(Data), Aromatic hydrocarbons, "Air pollution
sampling, "Air pollution detection, "Diesel engine ex-
haust, "Senzopyrenes, Procedures.
PB83-217232 MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Short-Term NO2 Plume Models for
Point Sources. Volume 2. Data. Final rept. Aug 77-
Jul 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. A. Yocke, D. A. Stewart, J. Johnson, and R. J. Frost.
Dec 81, 720p EPA-600/4-81-078
Contract EPA-68-02-2775
See also Volume 1, PB82-234329.
Microfiche copies only.
In this volume, all data collected by Meteorology Re-
search, Incorporated and the University of Washington
during the MISTT program are plotted. These include
maps showing aircraft flight paths and graphs of data
collected along the paths.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Mathe-
matical models, Aerial surveys,
Concentration(Composition).
PB83-217745 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Catchbasln Performance for Urban
Stormwater Pollution Control,
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston, MA.
Gerald L. Aronson, David S. Watson, and William C.
Pisano. Jun 83, 92p EPA/600/2-83/043
Grant EPA-R-804578
This report summarizes the results of a field oriented
data collection effort aimed at evaluating the perform-
ance and utility of catchbasins from a pollution control
standpoint. The project was functionally divided into
three phases, with the first being field data collection
efforts and the last relegated to data reduction and
analysis. The second phase of work involved the addi-
tion of an inlet strainer to each of the catchbasins as
accomplished in European practice.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Storm sewers,
"Catch basins, "Water quality, Performance evalua-
tion, Urban areas, Field tests, Runoff, Hydrology, Sam-
pling, Economic analysis.
PB83-217786 PC A15/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Manganese. Ex-
ternal Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Linda S. Erdreich, Jerry F. Stara, Randall J. F. Bruins,
and Dinko Kello. Jun 83, 348p EPA-600/8-83-013A
The Office of Research and Development of U.S. EPA
has prepared this health assessment document for the
program office to determine whether manganese
should be regulated as a hazardous air pollutant. The
document reviews the literature on manganese includ-
ing general properties, uses, environmental fate and
transport, environmental levels and exposure, health
effects, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogeni-
city. The final chapter reviews the effects of concern
and contains a health hazard evaluation, including criti-
cal effects and effect levels.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Manganese, Evaluation, Ex-
posure, Public health, Toxiaty, "Health hazards, Envi-
ronmental transport, Air pollution etfects(Humans). En-
vironment protection, Environmental persistence, Car-
cinogenesis, Mutagens, Teratogens.
PB63-217794 PC A07/MF A01
Cleaned Coal. Rept. for Jul 81-Jan 83,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
James D. Kilgroe. Jun 83,150p EPA-600/D-83-051
The chapter summarizes information on U.S. coal re-
sources, describes physical coal cleaning technology,
and discusses the potential for desulfurizing U.S. coals
by physical techniques. It presents the costs of physi-
cal coal cleaning, summarizes the amounts of cleaned
coals which can comply with different emission stand-
ards, and discusses the effects of coal sulfur variability
on determining compliance coal properties. Finally,
sample calculations are given for estimating the use of
a given coal for compliance with various SO2 emission
regulations.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, 'Air pollution, Desulfuri-
zation, Cost analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Standards, Wash-
ing, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Technol-
ogy, "Physical treatment, "Air pollution abatement,
Numerical solution.
PB83-217802 PC A07/MF A01
Use of Microcosms for Evaluation of Interactions
between Pollutants and Microorganisms,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard, and A. W. Bourquin. Jun 83,139p EPA-
600/D-83-050
Microcosms or modern ecosystem studies are de-
scribed and evaluated as tools to assess the response
of a microbial community to a pollutant released in the
environment. Precautions and potentials are dis-
cussed regarding the potential role of microcosms in
risk assessment of environmental hazards, and their
capability to predict the fate and effects of organic
compounds in aquatic environments.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Organic compounds,
"Water pollution, Risk, Assessments, Environmental
impacts, Hazards, Selection, Models, Simulation, Bac-
teria, Mixtures, Soils, Biodeterioration, Pesticides, Bio-
assay, "Microcosms, "Path of pollutants, "Ecosys-
tems.
PB83-217810 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Field Verification of Liners from Sanitary Land-
fills. Final rept. Aug 79-Jun 82.
EMCON Associates, San Jose, CA.
Jun 83, 41p EPA-600/2-83-046
Contract EPA-68-03-2824
Liner specimens from three existing landfill sites were
collected and examined to determine the changes in
their physical properties over time and to validate data
being developed through laboratory research. Sam-
ples examined included a 15-mil PVC liner from a
sludge lagoon in New England, a 30-mil PVC liner from
a landfill in New York State, and four liners from a land-
fill test site in Boone County, Kentucky-chlorosulfonat-
ed polyethylene (CSPE), low-density polyethylene
(LDPE), clay, and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Linings, 'Solid waste disposal,
Field tests, Physical properties, Sites, Polyvinyl chlo-
ride, Plasticizers, Exposure, New York, Kentucky, Poly-
ethylene, Clays, Chlorinated polymers, Boone
County(Kentucky), Polyethylene/chlorsulfonated.
PB83-217828 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Demonstration of the Use of Charged Fog In Con-
trolling Fugitive Dust from Large-scale Industrial
Sources. Final rept. May 79-Jul 82,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
Edward T. Brookman, and Kevin J. Kelley. Jun 83,
147pEPA-600/2-83-044
Contract EPA-68-02-3115
The report gives results of a full-scale demonstration
of a charged fogger (Ritten Corporation's Fogger IV)
on several industrial fugitive emission sources. (Al-
though charged loggers have been widely applied to
industrial sources of fugitive dust, little data are avail-
able on fogger control effectiveness on paniculate
matter.) The sources tested included a primary rock
crushing operation, a secondary rock crushing oper-
ation, a molten iron spout hole at a blast furnace cast
house, and a coke screening operation. The report
also gives results of three source tests using the same
charged foggers, along with a charged fogger devel-
opedoyAeroVironment, Inc.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
statics, 'Dust, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sources, Particles, Performance evaluation, 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Charged foggers.
1488 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-217836 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Technolo-
gy Development and Applications Branch.
Effect of Agricultural Land Use Practices on
Stream Water Quality: Economic Analysis. Final
rept. Oct79-Jul81,
(owa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Economics.
John A. Miranowski, Michael J. Monson, James S.
Shortle, and Lee D, Zinser. Jun 83,136p EPA-600/5-
83-001
Effective management of agricultural nonpoint source
pollution requires that economically feasible land use
practices be selected and implemented. Since non-
point source pollution from agricultural lands can be
controlled by best management practices (BMPs), a
food understanding of the response of farmers to in-
centive and regulatory policies is needed. This report
provides an economic analysis of agricultural produc-
tion activities and farmer response to water quality
controls, using the Four Mile Creek Watershed in Iowa
as a case study. The analysis showed that secondary
tillage practices are important in designing cost-effec-
tive control strategies. Knowledge of perceived risk as-
sociated with practices is critical in determining farmer
adoption of BMPs and response to control policies.
Also, data on perceived opportunity costs of certain
practices provided further understanding of farmers'
reluctance to adopt those practices.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Agriculture, 'Farm manage-
ment, 'Water pollution, Watersheds, Four Mile Creek,
Cost effectiveness, Policies, Soil loss, Erosion control,
Incentives, Risk, Iowa, 'Nonpoint sources, *Best man-
agement practices.
PB83-217992 PC A09/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Cooperation In Urban Water Management, Confer-
ence Proceeding*. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Apr83,200p
Sponsored in part by National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC., Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. and American Water Works Associa-
tion Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
Conferees explored and proposed means for over-
coming obstacles envisioned by water supply engi-
neers that prevent or assign low priority to solutions to
crises in municipal water supplies. Primary objective of
the conference was to decide if a broader and more in-
tense study by the NRC was warrented. Second objec-
tive was to provide guidance on the state of research
needs, development and technology transfer needs
regarding municipal water supplies. Speaker's presen-
tations and a summary of the general discussion Is in-
cluded in these proceedings.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Meetings, 'Water treat-
ment. Performance evaluation, Standards, Potable
water, State government, Technology. 'Water man-
agement, Water quality.
PB83-218040 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fates of Pollutants: Reaearch and Development
Need*.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1977,156p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report is part of a larger study of the role of re-
search and development in the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. This report deals with research needed
on the transport, transformation, and accumulation of
pollutants in the environment. The report's principal
objectives are to suggest a systematic method for
Identification and organization of existing knowledge
and or priority research, apply the material to selected
classes of pollutants for illustration of the suggested
planning principles, and comment on the limitations
and needs in government research administration and
management.
Keywords: 'Research, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition). Reaction kinetics. Or-
ganic compounds, Viruses, 'Path of pollutants, Natural
emissions, Heavy metals, Biological processes, Bio-
geochemistry, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-218438 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Decision Making In the Environmental Protection
Agency: Case Studies. Volume 2a.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1977,376p
See also Volume 2, PB81 -116493.
This report consists of seven case studies intending to
detail the complexities of the Environmental Protection
Agency policy formulation for a range of actual past
decisions. The sample of cases was selected to be
representative of the EPA programs. Accordingly, de-
cisions were selected for three major EPA program
areas, air pollution, water pollution, and pesticides/
toxic substances.
Keywords: 'National government, 'Government poli-
cies, Decision making, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Pesticides, Contaminants.
PB83-219402 PC A02/MF A01
Mechanical Reliability and Plant Performance,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Lewis A. Rossrnan. Jun 83,12p EPA-600/D-83-056
A two state statistical model is proposed for studying
the effect of equipment outages on plant performance.
Simulation of lost treatment capacity in an activated
sludge treatment system indicates the degree to which
BOD violation frequencies are much more sensitive to
lost aeration capacity than to lost clarifier or return
sludge pumping capacity. A framework for utilizing the
model to select cost-effective levels of design redun-
dancy is presented. A simplified version of the proce-
dure is applied to the design of an aeration system.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Equipment, 'Reliabil-
ity, 'Mathematical models, Performance evaluation,
Standards, Activated sludge process, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Aeration, Statistical analysis, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Failure.
PB83-219584 PC A02/MF A01
Activation of Aromatic Amines to Mutagena by
Bovine Bladder and Liver Cells,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Linda Oglesby, Cathy Hix-Baker, Pat MacNair,
Marianne Sieg, and Linda Snow. 1983,10p EPA/600/
J-83/014
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v49 p147-
1541983.
A bovine bladder cell-mediated mutagenesis system
using Chinese hamster V79 cells and Samonella typhi-
murium as target organisms was developed to investi-
gate the capacity of the bladder urothelium to activate
chemical carcinogens. Bovine bladder epithelial cells
can activate the aromatic amines AF and 4-ABP to in-
termediates which mutate V79 cells and S. typhimur-
ium TA 98 and TA 100. DMBA was mutagenic to V79
cells but not detectably mutagenic to either Salmonella
strain with bladder cell activation. The chemicals
tested were not mutagenic to either target organism in
the absence of bladder cells.
Keywords: 'Amines, 'Toxicology, Aromatic com-
pounds, Cattle, Bladder(Urinary), Hamsters, Bacteria,
Laboratory animals, Mutagens, Reprints, 'Mutagene-
sis.
PB83-219S92 PC A03/MF A01
Treatment for the Control of Organic Chemical
Contamination of Drinking Water Coat and Per-
formance. Final rept,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark, and Richard G. Eilers. Jun 83,38p"
EPA-600/D-83-060
There is growing concern over the quality of the na-
tions ground water resources. Instances of ground
water contamination from organic chemicals have cre-
ated a need to identify alternative technologies for
adequate removal of organic chemicals and to deter-
mine relative costs associated with necessary treat-
ment. This paper discusses several control technology
options available to treat ground water for organic
chemical contamination. A cost and performance anal-
ysis is presented in order to guide the selection of con-
trol technologies for three major contaminants: Trich-
loroethylene; Tetrachlorethylene; 1,1,1-Trichloreth-
ane. In all cases aeration is the cheapest alternative
for treatment. If adsorption is required, home units may
prove to be cheaper then central adsorption treatment
(GAC).
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
'Ground water, Potable water, Cost analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Aeration, Comparison, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Adsorption, Etnylene/trichloro, Eth-
ylene/tetrachloro, Ethane/trichloro.
PB83-219634 PC A02/MF A01
Primer on the Ames 'Salmonella typhlmurtum'
Assay for Mutagenlclty,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Larry D. Claxton. Jun 83,19p EPA-600/D-83-058
Since interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) de-
fines the genotoxic end points detected, simple in vitro
tests can be used to monitor or screen most chemicals
or mixtures of chemicals for specific genotoxic activity.
Bacterial tests to screen classes of chemicals for gene
mutations can provide a screen for many potentiarmu-
tagens, carcinogens, and teratogens. Since the bio-
chemical mechanisms for all mutagens, carcinogens,
and teratogens are not the same, however, bacterial
tests cannot be expected to detect all genotoxicants.
Only by clearly understanding a test's usages and
limits, can one most effectively use the information
provided by that test.
Keywords: 'Salmonella typhimurium, 'Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, 'Toxicology, Bacteria, Bioassay, Genes,
Mutations, Tests, Ames test, 'Mutagenesis, Genotoxt-
city.
PB83-219642 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Low to Moderate Lead Exposure on
Slow Cortical Potentials In Young Children: Two
Year Follow-Up Study (Journal version), Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, V. Benignus, K. Muller, C. Barton, and K.
Seiple. 1982, 7p EPA-600/J-82-321
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
P733-737,1982.
A follow-up study of slow cortical potentials in children
with elevated blood lead (PbB) histories was conduct-
ed two years after initial evaluation. An age x PbB inter-
action was again observed wherein slow wave (SW)
voltage varied as a linear function of PbB with the
slope of the function dependent on age. The linear re-
lationship of SW voltage and PbB was significant using
either original PbB values, (14-55 microgram/dl),
follow-up values (11 -39 microgram/dl), or the mean of
the two PbB values. No evidence of a threshold for this
effort was observed. The similarity of results obtained
at initial and follow-up assessments suggests that the
observed alterations in CNS function are persistent,
despite a significant decrease in mean PbB across
time. The observed change in SW voltage at PbB
levels previously considered to be harmless suggests
the need to reconsider the currently accepted 30 mi-
crogram/dl threshold for undue lead absorption in chil-
dren.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Children,
Humans, Exposure, Reprints, 'Neurotoxtcity.
PBB3-219659 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Several Technique* for Determin-
ing Dry Deposition Flux,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, II. W. D. Bach, and L. L Spier. Jun 83,
30p EPA-600/D-83-057
Over the period from 1/22/81 through 5/4/82, meas-
urements were conducted to permit comparison of
several techniques for determining dry deposition flux
of nitrates and sulfates. Direct flux estimates were
made by using actual leaf surfaces and foliar wash and
by exposing and washing three surrogate surfaces:
bucket, petal dish, and cellulose filter. Indirect flux esti-
mates were made using SSI high volume sampling
along with meteorological measurements. The time
scale for the direct methods was nominally one month.
December 1983 1489
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The indirect method used 24-hour paniculate sampling
and three-hour meteorological observations to calcu-
late average flux values for the exposure periods of the
direct methods. This permitted comparison of direct
and indirect methods on a similar time scale.
Keywords: 'Deposition, 'Air pollution, 'Flux(Rate), In-
organic nitrates, Sulfates, Sampling, Meteorology,
Comparison, Leaves, *Dry method, 'Dry deposition,
Acid rain.
PB83-219667 PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Qual-
ity Assurance Program Plans,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Quality Assurance Management Staff.
Thomas W. Stanley, and S. Sidney Verner. Jun 83, 27p
QAMS-004/80, EPA-600/8-83-024
This document contains procedures and guidelines for
complying with EPA's requirement that States and
localjurisdictions submit a QA Program Plan when ap-
plying for financial assistance. A QA Program Plan is
an orderly assembly ol management policies, objec-
tives, principles and procedures by which an agency or
laboratory specifies how it intends to produce quality
data.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, * Project planning,
'Economic assistance, Government policies, Financ-
ing, 'Environmental protection.
PB83-219824 PC A02/MF A01
Sensitivity of Travel Coat Estimates of Recreation
Demand to the Functional Form and Definition of
Origin Zones. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ronald J. Sutherland. Jul 82,14p EPA-600/J-82-320
Pub. in Western Jnl. of Agricultural Economics, p87-98
Jul 82.
The travel-cost method of estimating a recreation
demand function requires specifying the functional
form of the first-stage demand curve and defining the
width of the concentric origin zones. A Monte Carlo ap-
proach is used to determine the sensitivity of demand
and valuation estimates to alternative choices about
these two issues. Demand and valuation estimates are
shown to be sensitive to the definition of the orgin
zone and to the use of a semilog versus a double log
first-stage demand curve. The proper choice or origin
zones is unclear, but a semilog form is more appropri-
ate than a double log form.
Keywords: 'Travel, 'Cost estimates, 'Recreation,
Demand(Economics), Estimates, Reprints, Cost
models, Origin and destination studies.
PB83-219832 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Biological Risks Associated with the Composting
of Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH. Inst. of Environ-
mental Health.
C. S. Clark, H. S. Bjorson, J. S. Fulton, J. W. Holland,
and P. S. Garlside. Jun 83,19p EPA-600/D-83-052
Contract EPA-CR-807357
Personnel employed at wastewater treatment plant
sludge composting operations are exposed to a variety
of viable gram-negative bacteria, and fungi as well as
microbial products such as endotoxin (jipopolysac-
charide (LPS)) in their work environment. This investi-
gation was designed to evaluate by clinical, microbio-
logical and immunological methods the health effects
related to exposure to these nonviable substances
and viable microorganisms present in dust arising from
the composting of sludge. The study was conducted
during 1979-81 at sewage sludge composting facilities
in Camden (NJ), Philadelphia (PA), Beitsville (MD) and
Washington (D.C.).
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment, 'In-
dustrial hygiene. Microorganisms, Risk, High temper-
ature tests, Epidemiology, Exposure, Aeration, Bacte-
ria, Fungi, Lipopolysaccnarides, Immunology, 'Com-
posting Health risks, Environmental health, Aspergil-
lus fumigatus, LJpopolysaccharide, 'Occupational
safety and health.
PB83-219840 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of UV-B Radiation Upon Estuarlne Micro-
cosms. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
Robert C. Worrest, Bruce E. Thomson, and Henry Van
Dyke.Cl981,9pEPA-600/J-81-625
Grant EPA-R-806490
Pub in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v33 p861-
8671981.
Twelve flow-through estuarine microcosms were ex-
posed daily to four different levels of UV-B radiation. In
addition to a natural level of visible solar radiation. The
parameters studied over a four week period were phy-
toplankton community composition, plankton biomass
(ash-free dry weight), chlorophyll a concentration and
primary productivity (radiocarbon uptake). With in-
creased exposure to UV-B radiation there was an obvi-
ous alteration of the community composition. Daily ex-
posure to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation also de-
pressed the biomass, the chlorophyll a concentration
and the radiocarbon uptake of samples from the eco-
systems. (Copyright (c) 1981 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Plankton, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Estu-
aries, 'Primary biological productivity, 'Ozone, Solar
radiation, Chlorophylls, Biomass, Exposure,
Tolerances(Physiology), Morphology, Reprints, Micro-
cosms.
PB83-219857 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Photochemical Oxldant Injury of Pon-
derosa and Jeffrey Pine on Susceptibility of Sap-
wood and Freshly Cut Stumps to Fomes annosus.
Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Plant Pathology.
R. L James, F. W. Cobb, Jr., W. W. Wilcox, and D. L.
Rowney. C1980, 7p EPA-600/J-80-408
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
Pub. in Phytopathology 70, n8 p704-708 1980. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Forest Service, Lakewood,
CO.
Ponderosa and Jeffrey pine sapwood samples and
freshly cut stumps from trees with different amounts of
oxidant injury were inoculated with Fomes annosus.
With stumps, percentage of surface cross-section area
infected and extent of vertical colonization were deter-
mined 1 mo and 6-10 mos after inoculation, respec-
tively. Increase in surface area infection with increased
oxidant injury, expressed as upper-crown needle re-
tention was statistically significant for ponderosa pine
(P=0.01), but was not for Jeffrey pine. Also, the rate of
vertical colonization was greater in stumps from se-
verely oxidant-injured trees than in those from slightly
injured trees. The relationship between injury and colo-
nization was significant for Jeffrey pine (P=0.05) and
for ponderosa pine at one site (P=0.03), but nonsiqni-
ficant (P=0.18) for ponderosa pine at a second site.
Increased susceptibility of stumps to F. annosus ap-
peared to be associated with decreased oleoresin exu-
dation and decreased colonization by other fungi (es-
pecially Trichoderma spp. and blue stain fungi). (Copy-
right (c) 1980 The American Phytopathological Socie-
ty.)
Keywords: 'Tolerances(Physiology), 'Fungi, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Pine trees, Oxidizers, Photochemical reac-
tions, Infectious diseases, Plant diseases, Decay .^Cor-
relation, Regression analysis, Plant pathology, 'For-
eign technology, 'Fomes annosus.
PB83-219865 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Oxidant Air Pollution on Susceptibility
of Pine Roots to Fomes annosus. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
R. L. James, F. W. Cobb, Jr., P. R. Miller, and J. R.
Parmeter, Jr. C1980, 6p EPA/600/J-80/409
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
Pub. in Phytopathology, v70 p560-563 1980. Prepared
in cooperation with Pacific Southwest Forest and
Range Experiment Station, Riverside, CA.
Oxidant air pollution injury to foliage of ponderosa and
Jeffrey pines increased the susceptibility of roots to in-
fection and colonization by Fomes annosus under field
and fumigation chamber environments. Roots of pon-
derosa pine trees severely injured by oxidant air pollu-
tion became infected proximal to the inoculation point
significantly more often than did roots of healthy trees.
Proximal colonization rate of F. annosus in inoculated
ponderosa pine also was much greater in trees se-
verely affected by air pollution. Exposure of container-
grown ponderosa and Jeffrey pine seedlings to ozone
in fumigation chambers increased infection and coloni-
zation by the pathogen. (Copyright (c) 1980 The Ameri-
can Phytopathological Society.)
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Pine trees, 'Fungi, 'Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, Ozone, Dosage, Fumigation, Correla-
tion, Injuries, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Pinus pon-
derosa, 'Fomes annosus.
PB83-219873 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Solubility Behavior of Three Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons In Distilled Water and Natural Seawater.
Journal article,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
Steven S. Rossi, and William H. Thomas. 1981, 4p
EPA-600/J-81-624
Grant EPA-R-806260
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v15
p715-7161981.
The solubilities of three aromatic hydrocarbons were
determined at 25 C. in natural seawater and distilled
water. Saturation was achieved by equilibration of
water and an excess of hydrocarbon by mechanical
agitation. All three hydrocarbons, toluene, acenaph-
thene, and pyrene, were less soluble In seawater than
in distilled water. The magnitude of the 'salting out'
effect increased with increasing molar volume of hy-
drocarbon. Temperature effects on aromatic-hydrocar-
bon solubility in seawater, studied at 15, 20, and 25 C,
were also directly related to molar volume. Tempera-
ture, rather than salinity, variations during toxicological
studies with aqueous solutions of aromatic hydrocar-
bons would appear to present a greater challenge to
toxicant concentration stasis, particularly so for experi-
ments utilizing concentrations near the solubility limit.
Keywords: Solubility, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, 'Water
pollution, 'Toxicology, Distilled water, Sea water, Tem-
perature, Reprints.
PB83-219881 pc A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Some Representative Petroleum Refin-
ery Effluent Compounds on Photosynthesis and
Growth of Natural Marine Phytoplankton Assem-
blages. Part 1. Cresols. Journal article,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
W. H. Thomas, S. S. Rossi, and D. L. R. Seibert. c1981,
8pEPA-600/J-81-623
Grant EPA-R-806260
Pub in Marine Environmental Research, p203-215
1981.
The effects of cresols on the photosynthesis and
growth of natural marine phytoplankton assemblages
From the Scripps Pier at La Jolla, CA were measured.
In two experiments, in which dinoflagellates were the
dominant algae, photosynthesis (measured by 14C
uptake) was inhibited at concentrations greater than
100 g/litre and the concentration giving half-maximal
photosynthesis was 10000 g/litre. In a third experi-
ment, in which diatoms were dominant, photosynthesis
was not inhibited until levels greater than 10009 9/litre
were reached and the half-maximal concentration was
20000 g/litre. These experiments suggested that dino-
flagellates were more sensitive to cresols than dia-
toms.
Keywords: 'Cresols, 'Growth, 'Plankton, Photosyn-
thesis, Dinoflagellata, Algae, Recovery, Sensitivity,
Refineries, Reprints.
PB83-219907 PC A18/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Manual: Onslte Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal Systems. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Richard J. Otis, William C. Boyle, Ernest V. Clements,
and Curtis J. Schmidt. Oct 80, 411p EPA-625/1-80-
012
Contract EPA-68-01 -4904
Approximately 18 million housing units, or 25% of all
housing units in the United States, dispose of tnefr
wastewater using onsite wastewater treatment and
1490 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
disposal systems. These systems include a variety of
components and configurations, the most common
being the septic tank/soil absorption system. The
number of onsite systems is increasing, with about
one-half million new systems being installed each
year. This document provides information on generic
types of onsite wastewater treatment and disposal
systems. It contains neither standards for those sys-
tems nor rules and regulations pertaining to onsite sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Septic tanks, 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage
treatment, Design, Manuals, Residential buildings,
Water conservation, Classifications, Construction, Op-
erations, Maintenance, Environmental impacts, Soils,
Adsorption, Reliability, Tanks (Containers), Retaining,
On site investigations.
PB83-220020 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA Complex Terrain Model Development,
Second Milestone Report-1982. Interim rept. Jun
80-Jun 62,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
D. G. Strimaitis, A. Venkatram, B. R. Greene, S. Hanna,
and S. Heisler. Apr 83,402p EPA-600/3-83-015
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is sponsor-
ing the Complex Terrain Model Development program,
a multi-year integrated program to develop and vali-
date practical plume dispersion models of known reli-
ability and accuracy for similating one-hour average
ground-level concentrations downwind of elevated
sources during stable atmospheric conditions in com-
plex terrain. This report documents work performed
subsequent to the First Milestone Report to improve
two preliminary complex terrain dispersion-models de-
veloped from the Cinder Cone Butte data base. The
report presents detailed case studies to illustrate and
contrast various flow situations and ranges of model
performance, along with further analysis of measure-
ment data to relate plume behavior and meteorolgical
conditions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Terrain models, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Plumes, Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Meteorology, Comparison,
•Air quality.
PB83-220046 PC A11 /MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development and AsMMment of Procedure* for
Collection, Chemical Characterization and Muta-
genlclty Testing of Ambient Air. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. R. Kolber, T. 1 Hughes, T. J. Wolff, L. W. Little, and
C. M. Sparacino. Jun 83,241 p EPA-600/2-83-045
Contract EPA-68-02-2724
Prepared in cooperation with Little (L. W.) Associates,
Raleigh. NC.
The overall objective of this Research Triangle Insti-
tute pilot study was to develop and evaluate a minimal
testing protocol which could detect and quantify the
mutagenic potential of ambient air. The cost-effective
biological and chemical testing protocol developed
under this program outlines sampling, chemical frac-
tkjnatton/identification. and bioassay techniques
which are applicable to air pollution testing of both am-
bient air particles and vapors. More specifically, this
study: (1) evaluated the three stage Massive Air
Volume Sampler (MAVS), developed by Battelle for
collection of air particle samples; (2) developed and
utilized a chemical fractionation scheme for solvent
extraction of organic compounds from ambient air par-
ticles; (3) evaluated a QC/MS/Computer analysis
system designed to chemically Identify signature muta-
gens/carcinogens; and (4) utilized and evaluated
modifications of the Ames/Salmonella typhlmurlum
mutagenlcity assay for ambient air particles and
vapors.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Toxlclty, 'Organic com-
pounds. Bioassay, Assessments, Chemical analysis,
Carcinogens, Particles, Air pollution, Distillation, Sol-
vent extraction, Sampling, Toxicity, Mutagens, Industri-
al wastes, Exhaust emissions, Potable water, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Air water interfaces, Procedures
PB83-220103 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of Industrial Wastewater for Organic Pol-
lutants In Consent Decree Survey. Final rept. Nov
79-81,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Joan T. Bursey, and Edo D. Pellizzari. Jun 83,174p
EPA-600/4-83-028
Contract EPA-68-03-2867
In response to a need of the Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion of the U.S. EPA Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, industrial wastewater survey sample ex-
tracts were analyzed for organic pollutants other than
the Priority Pollutants. Chromatographic analyses
were performed on capillary columns rather than the
packed columns used in the original survey analysis to
confirm compound identifications made by computer
analysis of the packed column gas chrornatography/
mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data. A list of compound
identifications for each industrial effluent extract to be
analyzed was provided. Overall, 546 compounds were
manually identified in the reanalysis of extracts. Of
these, 433 were confirmed.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Standards, Surveys, Chromatographic analysis, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Industrial
wastes, water pollution, Chemical analysis, 'Water
pollution detection.
PB83-220111 PC A09/MF A01
Computer Survey of GC/MS (Gas Chromatogra-
phy/Mass Spectrometry) Data Acquired In EPA's
(Environmental Protection Agency) Priority Pollut-
ant Screening Analysis: System and Results,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Shackelford, D. M. Cline, F. O. Burchfield, L.
Faas, and G. Kurth. Jun 83,186p EPA-600/4-83-029
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Science Corp.,
Falls Church, VA.
The screening analysis phase of the best available
treatment (BAT) review of wastewater treatment tech-
niques by EPA was initiated to assess 21 industrial cat-
egories for the 129 'priority pollutants.' Implicit in the
purpose of the screening analysis for these pollutants
was the notion that the raw GC/MS data would be
saved for later evaluation for compounds not on the
priority pollutant list. To this end, a system of computer
programs was built that automatically extracts the pure
spectra of components in a GC/MS run, matches
these spectra against a reference library, and deals
appropriately with matched and unmatched spectra.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Industrial wastes,
'Water analysis, Reviews, Chemical analysis, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Programming
manuals, Best technology, Computer applications.
PB83-220137 PC A99/MF A01
Organ and Species Specificity In Chemical Car-
clnogenesls,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert Langenbach, Stephen Nesnow, and Jerry M.
Rice. Jun 83,699p* EPA-600/9-83-008
Prepared in cooperation with National Cancer Inst.,
Frederick, MD. Lab. of Comparative Carcinogenesis.
The focus of the Symposium and this volume is the rel-
ative susceptibility of specific animal species strains
and organs to various carcinogens. For the first time,
investigators in chemical carcinogenesis are able to
pool their discoveries in this area. Once analyzed, this
data could substantially contribute to man s under-
standing of potential carcinogens and their human
health effects and increase the possibility of cancer
prevention. The thirty-five papers fall into six general
areas: comparative effects of chemical carcinogens,
promoting agents, metabolism as a determinant of
organ specificity, species and organ specificity as
studied by In vitro techniques, DMA damage and
repair, and risk extrapolation. Discussion generated by
the presentations are also included.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, Carcinogens,
Comparison, Metabolism, In vitro analysis, Deoxyri-
bonucleic acids, Risk, Bioassay, Pathology, Laboratory
animals, Malignant neoplasms, 'Carcinogenesis,
'Organ specificity, Cancer.
PB83-220210 PC A02/MF A01
Regional Approach to Estimating Recreation Ben-
efits of Improved Water Quality,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ronald J. Sutherland. 1982,21p EPA-600/J-82-318
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Economics and Manage-
ment 9, p229-247 1982. Prepared in cooperation with
Los Alamos National Lab., New Mexico. Dtv. of Analy-
sis and Assessment.
Recreation demand and value are estimated with the
travel-cost method for fishing, camping, boating, and
swimming on a site-specific regional basis. The model
is regional in that 197 sites are defined for the Pacific
Northwest. A gravity model is employed to estimate
the number of trips from each destination in the region,
and these data are the basic input in the travel-cost
demand curves. The model is illustrated by estimating
the recreation benefits that would result from meeting
the national environmental goal of 'fishable and swim-
mable' rivers. The main finding is that potential recrea-
tion benefits are concentrated in a few select areas,
which are accessible to large population centers.
Keywords: 'Demand(Economics), 'Recreation,
'Water pollution. Mathematical models, Benefit cost
analysis, Fishing, Estimating, Swimming, Reprints,
Travel.
PB83-220228 PC A02/MF A01
Recreation Benefits and Displaced Facilities. Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ronald J. Sutherland. 1982,17pEPA-600/J-82-319
Pub. in Jnl. of Leisure Research, v14 n3 p248-262
1982.
A new recreation site or improvement of an existing
site results in an increase in demand for that site per-
haps at the expense of substitute facilities. A brief liter-
ature review indicates differing views on how benefits
from displaced facilities should be treated. The author
demonstrates that benefits of a new recreation facility
can be measured as the change in consumers' surplus
at the affected site and that benefits forgone at substi-
tute sites can be ignored. However, if a change in
demand for one site causes other prices to change,
the net change in benefits is the sum of the increment
in consumer's surplus in each affected market.
Keywords: 'Demand(Economics), 'Recreational facili-
ties, 'Reviews, Sites, Project planning, Prices, Re-
prints.
PB83-220236 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Audit Program for Gaseous Certified
Reference Materials,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Robert S. Wright, W. Cary Eaton, Clifford E. Decker,
and Darryl J. von Lehmden. Jun 83, 18p EPA-600/D-
83-059
In the past. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
regulations have required that gaseous pollutant cali-
bration standards for ambient air and mobile source
emission measurements be traceable to National
Bureau of Standards (NBS) Standard Reference Mate-
rials (SRMs) or other approved gases. Recently, these
regulations have been amended or interpreted to allow
the calibration standards to be traceable either to
SRMs or to Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)
which may be purchased from specialty gas vendors.
Traceabillty to either SRMs or CRMs will also be re-
quired in new regulations which are being developed
for stationary source emission measurements, the
purpose of this paper is to discuss EPA's performance
audit program for CRMs. This program is part of a com-
prehensive quality assurance effort which permits
CRMs to be considered as essentially equivalent to
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Standards, 'Audits, Quality
assurance, Performance, Regulations, 'Certified refer-
ence materials, *Air quality, Standard reference mate-
rials.
December 1983 1491
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-220459 PC A03/MF A01
Investigation of NOx Artifacts In Diesel Emission
Tests. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Edward Anthony Barth. Jan 83,35p EPA-AA-TEB-83-2
It has been suggested by some researchers that there
Is a potential for the diesel paniculate sampling tech-
nique to alter the characteristics of the samples. A test
program was undertaken to investigate the effect of
diesel NOx emissions on diesel paniculate samples
collected in a manner similar to standard EPA proce-
dures. The specific purpose of the program was to de-
termine whether the NOx gases flowing across the
particulates trapped on the filtering media would alter
the biological characteristics of these samples. The
test program was conducted from December 1978
through October 1979. Steady-state tests were run
using a small, single-cylinder diesel engine and the
Ames bioassay technique was used on the paniculate
samples to test for changes in biological activity.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Particles, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Air pollution, Bioassay, Tests, Filtration,
Sampling, 'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Biological processes.
PB83-220731 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Handbook for Preparing User's Guides for Air
Quality Models. Final rept.,
Aerpcomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
William B. Petersen, John S. Irwin, D. Bruce Turner
Joseph A. Catalano, and Frank V. Hale. May 83,56p
EPA-600/8-83-018
Contract EPA-68-02-3442
Suggestions for content, order of material, style, and
format are set forth for modelers to follow when writing
user's guides for air quality models. A review of coding
techniques conducive to model documentation is pre-
sented. This material was compiled by the Meteorol-
ogy and Assessment Division, Environmental Scienc-
es Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, to promote consistency among user's
guides.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Handbooks, Com-
puter programs, Air pollution, Fortran, 'Air quality,
•Computer applications.
PB83-221192 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Guidelines for Environmental
Health Effects Research,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. A. Cunningham, K. W. Gold, L. E. Myers, and N. H.
Sexton. May 83,126p EPA-600/2-83-036
Contract EPA-68-02-3226
This document is a statement of the quality assurance
(QA) policy of the Health Effects Research Laboratory,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina (HERL-RTP). It describes
the HERL-RTP QA organization and the QA responsi-
bilities of both management and technical research
personnel in relation to the mandatory Agency QA
policy and project data quality requirements. It pro-
vides guidelines for managers in the implementation of
Agency QA policy and evaluation of research docu-
mentation, and presents guidelines for project officers
for (1) development of QA Project Plans and research
porotcols for intramural research and support tasks,
(2) preparation of requests for proposals, (3) preaward
an evaluation of extramural proposals, (4) review and
evaluation of QA Program of Project Plans for extra-
mural projects, and (5) review and evaluation of data
quality officers in the development or review of QA
plans are treated in detail. These guidelines are re-
viewed and revised annually by the HERL-RTP QA offi-
cer, the QA Committee, and HERL-RTP division direc-
tors.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Guidelines, "Re-
search, 'Public health, 'Environmental surveys, "In-
dustrial hygiene, Quality control, Risk, Management
planning, laboratory animals, Laboratories, Sampling,
Policies, Information systems, 'Occupational safety
and health, 'Toxic substances, Environmental health,
Procedures.
PB83-222307 PC A03/MF A01
Performance Specification 1 - Specifications and
Test Procedures for Opacity Continuous Emis-
sions Monitoring Systems In Stationary Sources -
Summary of Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Oct 82, 37p EPA-450/3-82-025
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of Performance Specification 1 in
the Federal Register. Changes made as the result of
these comments are included. This document serves
as the basis for the revisions made in Specification 1
between proposal and promulgation.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Air pollution, 'Specifications,
Performance evaluation, Revisions, State government,
'Stationary sources, *Air pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB83-222653 Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Resource Seasonally and Fish Diets In an Illinois
Stream. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
Paul L. Angermeier. c1982,17p EPA-600/J-82-336
Grant EPA-R-806391
Pub. in Environmental Biology of Fishes, v7 n3 p251-
2641982.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intensity
of competition for food among 9 species of stream
fishes that primarily eat aquatic invertebrates. The tax-
onomic and size composition, and numerical abun-
dance of aquatic invertebrates were monitored for one
year using drift and benthic samples. Diet data were
obtained from stomachs of fishes captured at the
same time and place that invertebrate sampling was
done. Diet characteristics examined included taxo-
nomic and size composition, number of prey per fish,
and diet breadth. The summer-early fall scarcity of in-
vertebrates was especially notable among those
greater than 3.6mm long, which comprised the bulk of
prey found in fish stomachs. Taxonomic compositions
of available invertebrates and fish diets varied marked-
ly among sampling dates, but the use of prey taxa by
fishes was not correlated with the availability of those
taxa. (Copyright (c) Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague
1982.)
Keywords: "Ecology, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Inverte-
brates, 'Jordan Creek, Competition, Diets, Abun-
dance, Aquatic animals, Insects, Summer, Seasonal
variations, Windward drift, Temperature, Bioassay,
Netherlands, Reprints, Predator prey relationships.
PB83-222861 Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Trophic Structure, Reproductive Success, and
Growth Rate of Fishes In a Natural and Modified
Headwater Stream. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
Isaac X Schlosser. c1982,14p EPA-600/J-82-335
Grant EPA-R-806391
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v39 p968-978 19S2.
The impact of removing riparian vegetation, channel
straightening, and fluctuations in ftow regime on troph-
ic structure, reproductive success, and growth rate of
fishes was assessed in a natural (Jordan Creek(JC))
and modified (Big Ditch(BD)) headwater stream in
eastcentral Illinois. Fish in JC were predominantly
benthic insectivores and insectivore - piscivores:
trophic structure, age structure, and biomass were
stable between years and seasons. Adult fish and re-
cruits in BD were predominantly generalized insecti-
vores, omnivores, and herbivore-detritivores; the last
two were primarily mid-river species (Carpoides cy-
prinus and Dorosoma cepedianum). Considerable sea-
sonal and annual variation in trophic structure, total
biomass, and age structure occurred in BD associated
with annual fluctuations in flow regime, abundance of
organic substrates, and reproductive success of mid-
river species.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Ecology, 'Channel improve-
ments, 'Stream pollution, Stream flow,
Reproduction(Biology), Biomass, Growth, Seasonal
variations. Substrates, Tables(Data), Reprints, Habi-
tats, Carpoides cyprinus, Dorosoma cepedianum.
PB83-222760 PC A10/MF A01
Guidelines for Field Testing Aquatic Fate and
Transport Models. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Stephen C. Hern, George T. Flatman, Wesley L.
Kinney, James E. Pollard, and Alan B. Crockett. Jun
83, 223p EPA-600/4-83-030
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sciences and EG and G
Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
This guidance has been developed for those attempt-
ing to field validate aquatic fate and transport models.
Included are discussions of the major steps in validat-
ing models and sections on the individual fate and
transport processes: biodegradation, oxidation, hydrol-
ysis, photolysis, ionization, sorption, bioconcentration,
volatilization, and physical transport. For each process
the following information is provided: a general de-
scription of the process, a list and discussion of envi-
ronmental factors affecting the process, a list of the
priority pollutants for which the process is important, a
list of model-specific environmental inputs, and field
methods for collecting these input data.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water pollution,
Field tests, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrolysis, Oxidation,
Sorption, Photolysis, Vaporizing, Path of pollutants, Bi-
ological processes, Bioaccumulation, EXAMS model.
PB83-222778 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Predicting Preferential Adsorption of Organlcs by
Activated Carbon,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY.
Georges Belfort, Gordon L. Altshuler, Kusuma K.
Thallam, Charles P. Feerick, Jr., and Karen L.
Woodfield. Jun 83,102p EPA-600/2-83-047
Grant EPA-R-806648
Preferential adsorption of organic compounds onto ac-
tivated carbon from dilute aqueous solutions was stud-
ied to develop a comprehensive theoretical basis for
predicting adsorption of multicomponent solutes. The
research program investigates why some solutes are
strong adsorbers, and others weak, and why some so-
lutes displace others during aqueous phase adsorp-
tion. The overall objectives were to develop, test, and
simplify the theoretical basis for prediction.
Keywords: 'Adsorbents, 'Activated carbon treatment,
•Organic compounds, 'Solutes, 'Water treatment, Ad-
sorption, Tests, Thermodynamics, Isotherms, Phenols,
Alcohols, Potable water.
PB83-222950 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Perturbations In the Biomass, Metabolic Activity,
and Community Structure of the Estuarlne Detrltal
Mlcrobota: Resource Partitioning In Amphlpod
Grazing. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Glen A. Smith, Janet S. Nickels, William M. Davis,
Robert F. Martz, and Robert H. Findlay. 1982,2lp
EPA-600/J-82-324
Grants EPA-R-806143. NSF-OCE76-19671
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v64 p125-143 1982. Sponsored in part by Grant
NOAA-04-7-158-4406.
The objectives of this work are to utilize biochemical
markers for biomass, metabolic activity, and communi-
ty structure of the surface microbiota to define: (1) the
effect of amphipod grazing, (2) the differences in the
effects of grazing in the field and laboratory, and (3) to
compare the grazing of Melita appendiculata (Say) to
Gammarus mucronatus (Say), two sympatric amphi-
pods with different mouth parts.
Keywords: 'Biomass, 'Estuaries, Fatty acids, Crusta-
cea, Adenosine phosphates, Food chains, Metabo-
lism, Reprints, 'Amphipoda, 'Grazing, Scanning elec-
tron micrography.
PB83-223321 PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
1492 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Analyzing Natural Systems: Analysis for Regional
Rtslduals-Envlronmental Quality Management.
Final rept. Sep 76-Mar 80,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Daniel J. Basta, and Blair T. Bower. Jun 83,544p EPA-
600/3-83-046
Contract EPA-R-804528
Approaches for analyzing natural systems for regional
residuals-environmental quality management (REQM)
are presented. System components Include land sur-
face runoff, surface receiving water and atmospheric
systems. The report identifies and describes the princi-
pal approaches and associated analytical techniques
used to analyze natural systems, provides detailed
summaries of a number of operational natural systems
models, indicates the factors that must be taken into
account in selecting a model In a given REQM context,
describes how to select an appropriate model, and
shows how information on modified and new models
can be incorporated systematically Into an existing
framework.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Regional planning, Environmental impacts, Mathe-
matical models, Government, Decision making, Urban
areas, Rural areas, Surface water runoff, Terrain,
Streams, Air quality, Atmospheric, Circulation, 'Natural
systems. 'Residuals environment quality manage-
ment.
PB83-223362 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
Modeling Fin* Sediment Transport In Estuaries.
Rnal rept.
Florida Univ.. Gainesville. Coll. of Engineering.
E. J. Hayter, and A. J. Mehta. Jun 83,227p EPA-
3-83-045
Grant EPA-R-806684
'A-600/
A sediment transport model (SEDIMENT MIA) was de-
veloped to assist In predicting the fate of chemical pol-
lutants sorted to cohesive sediments In rivers and es-
tuaries. Laboratory experiments were conducted to up-
grade an existing two-dimensional, depth-averaged,
finite element, cohesive sediment transport model.
The enhanced descriptions should also be useful In
predicting the movement of dredged material released
In open marine waters, Identifying harbor sites In estu-
aries and bays where shoaling is minimized, predicting
changes In sedimentation that may result from pro-
posed changes or developments of an estuary or
harbor, and estimating shoaling rates and mainte-
nance dredging requirements in areas of low flow.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Estuaries, 'Water
pollution control, Mathematical models, Adsorption,
Rivers, Upgrading, Two dimensional flow, Depth, Sa-
linity, Shear strength, Environmental Impacts, Water
quality, Management, Canals, Dredging, Harbors, Clay
•oils, Soil erosion, Flow charting, Shoaling, 'Low flow,
•SEDIMENT 3A model.
PB83-223370 PC A98/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removing Organic* from Philadelphia Drinking
Waler by Combined Ozonation and Adsorption.
Rept. from Sep 78-Dec 82,
Philadelphia Water Dept., PA.
Howard M. Neukrug, Matthew G. Smith, James T.
Coyle, James P. Santo, and Jeanne McElhaney. Jun
83,625p EPA-600/2-83-048
Contract EPA-R-806256
This project was conducted on both a pilot and labora-
tory scale to understand the effects of ozonation and
the relationship between adsorption and biological ac-
tivity during water treatment with ozone and granular
activated carbon. The removal of trace organic sub-
stances of health concern at the ng/L to mlcrograms/
L level and the removal of Total Organic Carbon at the
mg/L level were carefully monitored along with micro-
Dial parameters of biological speciation and growth
rate. This report summarizes the results of chemical
(Inorganic and organic) and microbiological analyses
and evaluates the performance of pilot plant schemes
for granular activated treatment at Philadelphia.
System comparisons were made using estimated total
costs of each unit process, as determined by the
carbon reactivation rate needed to maintain various ef-
fluent criteria.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
'Ozonation. Adsorption, Trace elements. Pilot plants,
Microbiology, Disinfection, Cost analysis, Comparison,
Laboratory equipment, Potable water, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, 'Granular activated carbon
treatment, Biological processes,
Phlladelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB83-223594 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Silicate Grain Shape, Structure, and Lo-
cation on the Blomasa and Community Structure
of Colonizing Marine Mlcroblota. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Janet S. Nickels, Ronald J. Bobbie, Robert F. Martz,
Glen A. Smith, and David C. White. 11 Feb 81, 9p EPA-
600/J-81-627
Grants EPA-R-806143, NSF-OCE76-19671
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v41
n5 p 1262-1268 Ma 81. Sponsored in part by Grant
NOAA-04-7-158-4406.
Mlcrobiota colonizing silica grains of the same size and
water pore space, taut with a different microtopo-
graphy, showed differences in biomass and communi-
ty structure after 8 weeks of exposure to running sea-
water. The absence of surface cracks and crevices re-
sulted In a marked diminution of the total microblal bio-
mass measured as llpld phosphate and total extracta-
ble palmitic acid. With increasing smoothness of the
sand grain surface, examination of the community
structure showed a marked decrease in procaryotes
and algal microeucaryotes, with a relative increase in
mlcroeucaryotic grazers. A comparison of the coloniz-
ing sediment incubated In running seawater or at 32 m
on the sea floor with a sediment core showed a de-
creased bacterial biomass with a different community
structure and a decreased total microeucaryotic popu-
lation of both grazers and algae. The quantitative dif-
ferences in mfcrobial biomass and community struc-
ture between the microcosms and the actual benthic
population In the core were determined.
Keywords: 'Marine microorganisms, 'Biomass, 'Silica
minerals, 'Water pollution, Cracks,
Feeding(Supplylng), Bacteria, Biomass, Algae, Popula-
tions, Crude oil, Natural gas, Biochemistry, Surfaces,
Particle size, Nutrients, Chromatographic analysis,
Llplds, Fatty acids, Reprints, Microcosms.
PB83-223602 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Oil and Gas Well-Drilling Fluid* on the
Biomass and Community Structure of Mlcroblota
that Colonize Sand* In Running Seawater. Journal
article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Glen A. Smith, Janet S. Nickels, Ronald J. Bobbie,
Norman L. Richards, and David C. White. 1982,9p
EPA-600/J-82-325
Grants EPA-R-606143, NSF-OCE76-19671
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, pi 7-23 1982. Sponsored in part by
Grant NOAA-04-7-158-4406.
Well-drilling fluid and a number of the known compo-
nents (bante, clay, Aldacide, Surflo, and Dowicide,
were tested for effects on the biomass and community
structure of the microblota that colonize marine sands
exposed for eight weeks to running ambient seawater.
Shading the microblota from light depressed the mi-
crotlora without a significant effect on the biomass,
while well-drilling fluids layered on the surface or mixed
with the sand significantly Increased a component of
the bacteria and the mlcrofauna as reflected in
changes In the fatty acid composition. There were
some shading effects from the surface layering of well-
drilling fluids as reflected in the fatty acids from the ml-
croflora when compared to the sands mixed with well-
drilling fluids.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Toxicology, Barite, Clay,
Biomass, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals).
PB83-223610 PC A02/MF A01
Physiological Method* for Assessment of Tlmeth-
yttfn Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. "
Robert S. Dyer. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-323
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
p659-e641982.
Trimethyltin has been reported to produce morphologi-
cal alterations in the brain which are primarily restrict-
ed to the limbic system. A variety of physiological
measures of limbic system integrity are discussed in
terms of their ability to detect TMT-induced dysfunc-
tion. In addition, several measures of sensory system
dysfunction are discussed. It is concluded that limbic
system dysfunction induced by this compound is de-
tected more efficiently by intrahippocampal evoked
potentials than by more gross measures of dysfunc-
tion. It is also concluded that relying upon preliminary
descriptions of pathological alterations to direct physi-
ological studies may provide an incomplete description
of neurotoxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Assessments, Senses, Pa-
thology, Exposure, Reprints, *Tin/trimethyl, Limbic
system, Neurotoxicity.
PB83-223628 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Variability In Virulence of H«t«roba»ldlon snnc-
sum Isolate* from Pondrosa and Jeffrey Pine In
Area* of High and Low Photochemical Air Pollu-
tion. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
R. L. James, and F. W. Cobb, Jr. 1982,5p EPA-600/J-
82-329
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
Pub. in Plant Disease 66, p835-837 1982. Prepared in
cooperation with Forest Service, Missoula, Ml. Equip-
ment Development Center.
Virulence of Heterpbasidipn annosum isolates from
different geographic locations throughout California
was evaluated by inoculation of ponderosa pine trees
in the field and seedlings in the greenhouse. Tests
were designed to compare Isolates obtained from
areas of chronic photochemical air pollution exposure
with some from areas relatively free from pollution.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Trees(Plants), California, Re-
prints, 'Heterobasidion annosum, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine.
PB83-223636 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone on Sporulatlon, Spore Germina-
tion, and Growth of Fomw annosus. Journal arti-
cle,
California Univ., Berkeley.
R. L. James, F. W. Cobb, Jr., and J. R. Parmeter, Jr.
1982, 6p EPA-600/J-82-328
Contract EPA-68-03-0273
Pub. in Phytopathology 72, D12008-1208 1982. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Forest Service, Missoula,
MT. quipment Development Center.
Effects of ozone (O3) on certain cultural characteris-
tics of Fomes annosus were investigated in exposure
chamber studies. Growth rates of F. annosus de-
creased and conidial germ tubes were shorter and had
fewer branches as O3 dosages increased. F. annosus
conidial production was very sensitive to O3; very few
conidia were produced when cultures were exposed to
relatively low dosages.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Cultures(Blology),
Spores, Germination, Growth, Reprints, 'Pomes anno-
sus, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-223644 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Lethal and Sublethal Exposure and Recovery Ef-
fects of Ozone-Produced OxidanU on Adult whit*
Perch (Moron* amerlcana Gmelln). Journal article,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Bene-
dict, MD. Benedict Estuarine Research Lab.
Leonard B. Richardson, Dennis T. Burton, Ronald M.
Block, and Ann M. Stavola. 1983,11 p EPA-600/J-83-
017
Contract EPA-R-804683
Pub. in Water Research 17, p205-213.
Adult white perch (Morone americana), acclimated to
15C, were exposed to a series of ozone-produced oxi-
dant (OPO) concentrations for 96 h using continuous
flow bioassay techniques. Toxicity were analyzed
using both responses surface modeling and standard
probit regression. White perch were also exposed to a
series of near and sublethal OPO concentrations, se-
lected from the acute toxlcity study, for 96 h and then
December 1983 1493
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
placed in clean non-ozonated water for 14 days. Blood
pH, hematocrit and gill histopathology were analyzed
during exposure at 24,48 and 96 h and after 4 and 14
days in the recovery period. Blood pH and hematocrit
levels were analyzed statistically using standard
ANOVA and multiple range tests. Histopathological ef-
fects were examined using both light microscopy and
scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords: *Toxicology, *Ozonization, Exposure,
Fishes, Bioassay, Responses,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Morone americana, White perch,
Histopathology, 'Toxic substances.
PB83-223651 PC A02/MF A01
Mortality Standard for Heat Wave and Cold Wave
Episode*. Published paper,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lawrence E. Truppi. 1983,7p EPA-600/D-83-064
Estimates of excess human mortality during episodes
of extreme temperature in the United States are com-
plicated by serious limitations in available health data.
A procedure is developed to avoid the present limita-
tions by generation of a statistical standard of daily ex-
pected mortality for specific populations utilizing an
available 10-year computer data base. Excess mortali-
ty would be the number of observed deaths greater
than the standard, coincident with days of extreme
heat or cold, with regard to cause classification. Mor-
tality standards are generated and tested for all popu-
lations affected by heat waves and cold waves in the
periods 1962-1966,1973-1977.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Mortality, 'Heat
stress, 'Cold stress, Statistical data, Standards,
United States, Humans, Body temperature, Reprints.
PB83-223669 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Neoplastlc Trans-
formation of Normal Human Cells, In Vitro. Journal
article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
G. E. Milo, S. A. Weisbrode, R. Zimmerman, and J A
McCloskey. 19 Feb 81,17p EPA-600/J-81 -626
Contract F47620-C-0110, Grant EPA-R-806638
Pub. in Chem-Biol. Interactions6 D45-59 1981 Spon-
sored in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
Boiling AFB, DC. Prepared in cooperation with Harvard
School of Public Health, Boston, MA. and Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Human foreskin cell cultures in schedules DMA syn-
thesis (S phase) of the cell cycle were exposed to UV
irradiation at a dose of 10 J.sq. m. in the presence of
insulin. These treated cell populations, when selective-
ly passaged in a high amino acid supplemented com-
plete growth medium (CM) after 20 bulbecco's phos-
phate buffered saline (pH 6.8) (PDL), were able to be
grown in soft agar. These treated cell populations were
also grown in 1% serum supplemented growth
medium and at 41 C in 10% serum supplemented
growth medium.
Keywords: 'Neoplasms, 'Cells(Biology), 'Ultraviolet
radiation, In vitro analysis, Humans, Insulin, Reprints.
PB83-223677 PC A02/MF A01
Hydrogen Oxidation In Soils as a Possible Toxic-
Effects Indicator. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Robert D. Rogers, and James C. McFarlane. 1982,7p
EPA-600/J-82-263
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v11 n3 p364-368
1982.
Efficient soil bioassays are needed in a screening
array to determine the toxicities of industrial products
and wastes. Hydrogen consumption is a common soil
microbiological process that we evaluated as a possi-
ble soil Indicator of toxic effects. Elemental tritium was
used as a tracer to determine the H2 oxidation rates in
soils. The H2 bloassay can be completed within 24 h
using liquid scintillation counting of the tritium tracer.
This test was used to evaluate the effects of known
toxic chemicals (e.g., heavy metals, herbicides, and air
pollutants) as well as a variety of suspected environ-
mental harmful compounds (e.g., waste waters, partic-
ulates, and sludges from industrial processes) on H2
oxidation in soils. This bioassay responded to test
compounds at concentrations shown to be toxic in
other soil microbiological investigations.
Keywords: .'Hydrogen, 'Oxidation, 'Soils, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Bioassay, Industrial wastes, Environmental sur-
veys, Herbicides, Air pollution, Water pollution, Parti-
cles, Sludge disposal, Reprints, Tracer studies, Heavy
metals.
PB83-223685 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Spatial Distribution of Biochemical Parameters In-
dicating Blomass and Community Composition of
Microbfal Assemblies In Estuarlne Mud Flat Sedi-
ments. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Thomas W. Federle, Meredity A. Hullar, Robert J.
Livingston, Duane A. Meeter, and David C. White. 14
Sep 82,8p EPA-600/J-83-015
Contract NA81AA-D-0091
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n1 p58-63Jan83.
The spatial distribution of communities was examined
in estuarine mud flat sediments by the biochemical
analysis of the lipids and lipid components extracted
from the sediments. Total phospholipid was used as a
measure of total biomass, and fatty acids were used as
indicators of community composition.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Spatial distributions, 'Bio-
mass, 'Microorganisms, Biochemistry, Estuaries,
Lipids, Chemical analysis, Fatty acids, Sampling, Re-
prints.
PB83-223693 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Sensitive Assay, Based on Hydroxy Fatty Acids
from Lipopolysaccharide Llpld A, for r
tive Bacteria In Sediments. Journal article,
• Gram-Nega-
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Jeffrey H. Parker, Glen A. Smith, Herbert L
Fredrickson, J. Robie Vestal, and David C. White. 16
Jul 82,10p EPA-600/J-82-326
Grants EPA-R-807321, NSF-OCE80-19757
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v44
n5 p1170-1177 Nov 82. Sponsored in part by Grant
NOAA-04-7-158-4406. Prepared in cooperation with
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Biochemical measures have provided insight into the
biomass and community structure of sedimentary mi-
crobiota without the requirement of selection by
growth or quantitative removal from the sediment
grains. This study used the assay of the hydroxy fatty
acids released from the lipid A of the lipopolysacchar-
ide in sediments to provide as estimate of the gram-
negative bacteria. The method was sensitive to pico-
molar amounts of hydroxy fatty acids. The recovery of
lipopolysaccharide hydroxy fatty acids from organisms
added to sediments was quantitative. The lipids were
extracted from the sediments with a single-phase chlo-
roform-methanol extraction. The lipid-extracted resi-
due was hydrolyzed in 1 N HCL, and hydroxy fatty
acids of the lipopolysaccharide were recovered in
chloroform for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.
This method proved to be about fivefold more sensi-
tive than the classical phenol-water or trichloroacetic
acid methods when applied to marine sediments. By
examination of the patterns of hydroxy fatty acids, it
was also possible to help define the community struc-
ture of the sedimentary gram-negative bacteria.
Keywords: 'Fatty acids, 'Bacteria, Bioassay, Sedi-
ments, Marine biology, Reprints, Lipopolysaccharide
lipid A.
PBS3-223701 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of 0.1 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide on Airways of
Normal and Asthmatic Subjects. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Milan J. Hazucha, Joel F. Ginsberg, William F.
McDonnell, Edward D. Haak, Jr., and Russell L.
Pimmel. 1983.12p EPA-600/J-82-021
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiol Respirat Environ Exer-
cise, p730-739 1983. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
It has been reported that inhalation of nitrogen dioxide
(N02) will enhance the bronchial reactivity of asthma-
tics. This study was designed to evaluate the respirato-
ry effect of a 1 -h exposure of normal subjects and of
atopic asthmatics to 0.1 parts per million (ppm) NO2.
Fifteen normal and 15 asthmatic subjects were ex-
posed to air and to NO2 in randomized double-blind
crossover design. Exposure to either atmosphere was
bracketed by bronchial inhalation challenge using
aerosolized metacholine chloride solutions. Plethys-
mographic measurements of specific airway resist-
ance (sRaw) and the forced random noise impedance
spectrum (5-30 Hz) were obtained immediately after
each methacholine dose.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Toxicology, Respiratory
system, Asthma, Exposure, Physiological effects, Re-
prints, *Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-223719 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Quantitative Determination of the Nutritional
Status of Detrttal Mlcroblota and the Grazing
Fauna by Trlglyceride Glycerol Analysts. Journal
article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Michael J. Gehron, and David C. White. 1982,16p
EPA-600/J-82-327
Grants EPA-R-806143, NSF-OCE76-19671
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology, v64 p145-
158 1982. Sponsored in part by Grant NOAA-04-7-
158-4406.
Endogenous lipid storage components are accumulat-
ed or utilized by both microorganisms and marine in-
vertebrates, depending upon their nutritional status.
Triglycerides are commonly the lipid endogenous stor-
age materials utilized by fungi, marine vertebrates and
many invertebrates, and can be quantitatively estimat-
ed by gas chromatographic assay of triacyl glycerol
from lipid extraction. Deprivation from a food source
can be detected by loss of triglyceride glycerol and es-
timated as the ratio of triglyceride glycerol to phospho-
lipid measured as extractable lipid phosphate. In sev-
eral estuarine animals, deprivation from food sources
resulted in decline of both neutral lipid glycerol and
triglyceride glycerol. Amphipods, feeding on estuarine
detritus in the laboratory, showed the same nutritional
state as those taken from detrital baskets in the field
and were considerably better nourished than control
amphipods deprived of food for a week.
Keywords: 'Nutrition, 'Invertebrates, "Microorga-
nisms, Lipids, Quantitative analysis, Fauna, Marine bi-
ology, Reprints, Triglyceride glycerol, Lipid glycerol.
PB83-223727 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Polymeric Beta-Hydroxyalkanoates from Environ-
mental Samples and 'Bacillus megaterlum'. Journal
article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Robert H. Findlay, and David C. White. 1983,10p EPA-
600/J-83-016
Grants EPA-R-807321, NSF-OCE80-19757
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
nl 071-78 Jan 83. Sponsored in part by Grant NOAA-
04-7-158-4406.
The procaryotic endogenous storage polymer known
as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate is actually a mixed poly-
mer of short-chain beta-nydroxy fatty acids. A method
for the quantitative recovery of this mixed polymer,
called poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA), with analy-
sis by capillary gas-liquid chromatography, showed the
presence of at least 11 short-chain beta-nydroxy acids
in polymers extracted from marine sediments. Poly-
mers extracted from Bacillus megaterium monocul-
tures were also a complex mixture of beta-hydroxy
acids with chain lengths between four and eight car-
bons. Lyophilized sediments were extracted in a modi-
fied Soxhlet extractor, and the polymer was purified
with ethanol and diethyl ether washes. The purified
polymer was treated with ethanol-chloroform-hydro-
chloric acid (8.5:2.5:1) for 4 h at 100 C, a treatment
which resulted In the formation of the ethyl esters of
the constituent beta-hydroxy acids.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments,
Extraction, Oxygen organic compounds, Gas chroma-
tography, Sampling, Purification, Nutrients, Metabo-
lism, Fatty acids, Reprints, *Poly(butyric acid/(hy-
droxy-ester)), Bacillus megaterium.
1494 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-223735 PC A02/MF A01
Response Linearization of a Diode Detector Type
Radio Frequency Electric Field Probe. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Joseph S. All, George Anderson, and E. Baker Bailey.
30 Sep 82,8p EPA-600/J-82-025
Pub. In IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurement, v1M-31 n4 p249-254 Dec 82. Prepared
in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
An EPROM-based linearization circuit with a resolution
of 0.1 percent of full scale has been designed to linear-
ize the response of an orthogonal dipole electric field
probe terminated with diodes. Design approach, per-
formance, and probe characteristics are discussed.
The nonlinear transducer response is first modeled
with a fourth-order polynomial which fits the log-trans-
formed calibration data. The equation is then evaluat-
ed at discrete points determined by the memory size
and the A/D converter resolution. The antilog of the
dependent variable is loaded into an EPROM memory
for subsequent readout with a D/A converter and sum-
ming network. The response of other nonlinear trans-
ducers can be linearized by this method.
Keywords: "Bioinstrumentation, 'Probes, "Electric
fields, Signal processing, Linearization.
PB83-223743
PC A02/MF A01
Development of a Test-Tube Stress-Ethylene Bio-
•May for Detecting Phytotoxic Oases. Journal arti-
cle,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Plant and Soil
Sciences.
L, E. Craker, and J. J. Fillatti. 1982,10p" EPA-600/J-
82-334
Grant EPA-R-806412
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A), v28 p265-
272 1982. Also pub. as Massachusetts Agricultural Ex-
periment Station Paper No. 2406.
A rapid, quantitative bioassay for detecting phytotoxic
air pollutants has been developed. The technique uses
Wheat Triticum aestivum L. or tomato Lycopersicon es-
cutentum L., seedlings growing on an agar medium in
test-tubes. The seedlings are exposed to a pollutant in
the test-tube and stress-ethylene induced by the pol-
lutant is quantitatively measured by gas chromatogra-
phy. Increases in ethylene production from seedlings
exposed to a phytotoxic air pollutant as compared with
controls not exposed to pollutants were related to the
pollutant concentration.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Bioassay, Detection, Gas
chromatography, 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution
sffects(Plants), Triticum aestivum, Lycopersicon escu-
lentum, Phytotoxicity.
PBS3-223776
PC A02/MF A01
|« Delayed Neurotoxlclty a Property of all Organo-
photpnoru* Compound*. A Study with a Model
Compound: Parathlon. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Salah A. Soliman, Jackie Farmer, and August Curley. 2
Mar 82,15pEPA-600/J-82-322
pub. in Toxicology, 23 p287-279 1982.
A recently reported hypothesis of other investigators
that the induction of delayed neurotoxicity is a property
of aH organophosphorus compounds Including parath-
ion was evaluated In light of the inability of parathion to
Induce in the laboratory any clinical, hlstological, or
biochemical signs of delayed neurotoxicity In hens fol-
lowing a very Intensive dosing regimen. Parathion was
administered orally or applied dermally as 1 mg/kg/
day for 1 week and then the dose was increased by 1
mg/kg/oay at weekly intervals up to 6 mg/kg/day
Which was given thereafter until a total of 90 doses.
Results indicate that parthion either orally or dermally
dM not produce delayed neurotoxicity In hens compa-
rable to that induced by trl-orthocresyl phosphate
(TOCP) in this experiment.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Laboratory animals, Dosage, Reprints, *Neur-
otoxtctty, 'Parathion.
PBM-223784 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Development of a Sperm Cell Toxlclty Test for
Marine Waters. Journal-article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Research Inst.
P. A. Dinnel, Q. J. Stober, S. C. Crumley, and R. E.
Nakatani. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-82-330
Grant EPA-R-805839
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
STP 766, p82-98 1982.
Preliminary methods for conducting a quick and sensi-
tive sperm cell toxicity test for marine waters have
been developed. This paper presents a simple static
test in which sea urchin or sand dollar sperm cells are
exposed to test or control solutions for snort periods of
time (typically 15 to 60 mins.). Sperm cell toxicity tests
with two reference toxicants (silver nitrate and the pes-
ticide endosulfan) showed that toxic responses were
directly related to sperm exposure time. Additional de-
velopment and refinement of this sperm cell toxicity
test should yield an additional tool for the biomonitor-
ing of receiving water quality.
Keywords: "Sea urchins, "Germ cells, "Toxicity,
"Ocean environments, "Water pollution, Exposure,
Monitoring, Silver nitrate, Pesticides, Reprints, Sand
dollars.
PB83-223792 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Forecasting Effects of Sewage Solids on Marine
Benthlc Communities. Journal article,
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Authority, Long Beach.
Alan J. Mearns, and Jack Q. Word. 1982,12p EPA-
600/J-82-331
Grant EPA-R-801152
Pub. in Ecological Stress and the New York Bight: Sci-
ence and Management, D495-512 1982.
Solids from marine municipal discharges settle to the
sea bottom where they cause major but potentially re-
versible Changes in the biomass and trophic structure
of macrobentnic communities. The relationships may
be useful in forecasting changes in the size and struc-
ture of benthic communities in response to changes in
solids emissions and in providing guidance for the
design and execution of responsive monitoring sur-
veys.
Keywords: "Sewage, "Benthos, Biomass, Ecology,
Forecasting, Food chains, Assessments, Reprints,
"Solid wastes, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-223818 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Internal Phosphorus Loading In a Shallow Eutro-
phlc Lake (Journal Version). Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. M. Jacoby, D. D. Lynch, E. B. Welch, and M. A.
Perkins. 1982,11p EPA-600/J-82-332
Grant EPA-R-804588
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p911 -919,1982.
Internal loading of phosphorus has been Implicated as
a major eutrophication factor in Long Lake, WA. As a
result of such loading, summer total phosphorus con-
centrations approach or exceed 100 micrograms P/l.
Most of the summer loading of phosphorus is thought
to have been released directly from the rich sediment
in the mid and northern part of the lake as a result of
high pH (up to 10) related to phytoplankton photosyn-
thesis. The lake also supports a dense submersed ma-
crophyte crop composed primarily of Elodea densa.
During the summer of 1980 Internal loading of phos-
phorus was reduced and total phosphorus remained
below 50 micrograms/l.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution, "Long
Lake, Concentration(Composition), Sediments, pH,
Plankton, Photosynthesis, Reprints, *Eutrophication,
Organic loading.
PB83-223826 Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Substltuent Contribution to the Partition Coeffi-
cients of Substituted Benzenes In Solvent-Water
Mixtures. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Environmental Health
Sciences Center.
Gary T. Chtou. David W. Schmedding, John H. Block,
and Milton Manes. C1962,5p EPA-600/J-82-333
Grant EPA-R-808046
Prepared in cooperation with Kent State Univ., OH.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v71 nil
p 1307-13091982.
In the course of correlation analysis for biological ac-
tivities, octanol-water partition coefficients (P) have
been used widely to express the lipophilic interactions
of organic compounds with biological substrates.
Since discrepancies are found between some pi
values from different parent compounds and these
variations depend also on the nature of the solvent-
water system being used, it is of interest to examine
the relationship between and pertinent physicochem-
ical properties to identify the factors that account for
the discrepancies.
Keywords: Organic compounds, Octanol, Physico-
chemical properties, Mixtures, Reprints, "Partition co-
efficients, "Benzene, Biological processes, Numerical
solution.
PB83-223834 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Differential Photosynthetlc Inhibition by Ultravio-
let Radiation In Species from the Arctic-Alpine
Life Zone (Journal version). Journal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
Martyn M. Caldwell, Ronald Robberecht, Robert S.
Nowak, and W. D. Billings. 1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-
337
Grant EPA-R-808167
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Dept. of Botany.
Pub. in Arctic and Alpine Research v14 n3 p195-202,
1982.
Inhibition of photosynthesis and epidermal damage re-
sulting from ultraviolet irradiation were assessed for
arctic and alpine plant species. These species were
taken from a latitudinal gradient of the arctic-alpine life
zone from the Andes to northern Alaska, which spans
a steep change in solar UV-B irradiation (280 to 320
nm). Ecotypes and species from the Arctic, where
solar UV-B flux is very low, were consistently more
sensitive to UV radiation than their counterparts from
lower latitude alpine regions, where solar UV-B flux is
high.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), "Photosynthesis, "Ultra-
violet radiation, Epidermis, Artie regions, Reprints.
PB83-223842 PC A02/MF A01
Regulation of Rat Hepatic Oelta-Aminolevullnlc
Acid Syntnetase and Heme Oxygenaae Activities:
Evidence for Control by Heme and Against Media-
tion by Prosthetic Iron. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
KirkT. Kitchin. 1983,9p EPA/600/J-80-201
Pub. in the Int. J. Biochem., V15 D479-485 1983.
The effects of in vivo administration of 6 compounds
on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic add (ALA) syn-
thetase and heme oxygenase were determined. The
order of decreasing potency in reducing ALA synthe-
tase activity was heme, ttlirubin, protoporphyrin IX, bili-
rubin dimethyl ester, CoCI2 and FeCI3. The chelating
agents EDTA and deferoxamlne did not prevent
home's repression of ALA synthetase or induction of
heme oxygenase activity, the dose response, time
course, enzyme subcellular distribution and chelation
antagonism studies all suggest that heme itself, and
not iron, regulates the rate limiting enzymatic steps of
rat hepatic home synthesis and degradation.
Keywords: "Inhibitors, In vivo analysis, Regulators, Re-
prints, * Aminolevulinic acid, * Heme oxygenase.
PB83-223859 PC A02/MF A01
Advances In Experiments! Exposure Methods and
Doslmstric Techniques Used In Radio-Frequency
Radiation Biological Effects Studies. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Pflfk, NC.
Claude M. Weil, and James B. Klnn. 1983,12p EPA-
600/J-82-173
Pub. in the proceedings of the IEEE, V71 N2 P222-231
1983.
December 1983 1495
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The various techniques and methodologies used for
exposure and dosimetric assessment in radio-frequen-
cy (RF) biological effects studies are reviewed. Tech-
niques are compared and the advantages and disad-
vantages of each are discussed. Significant progress
has been made during the past decade in developing
the specialized techniques required; suggestions are
given for further studies.
Keywords: 'Radio frequencies, 'Radiation effects,
•Dosimetry, Exposure, Assessments, Reprints, Biolog-
ical effects.
PB83-224360 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Direct Biological Effects of Increased Atmospher-
ic Carbon Dioxide Levels,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Marilyn K. Bland, Howard C. Baley, and MichaelJ.
Lipsett. Jun 83,136p EPA-600/6-83-001
Contract EPA-68-02-3716
This report assesses the likely biological nonclimatic,
direct effects of carbon dioxide (C02) on terrestrial
and aquatic ecosystems and on human health. It sum-
marizes the current literature on the direct effects of
rising C02 levels on the biosphere and identifies tech-
nical information needs about direct biological effects
of rising C02 levels. The environmental and human
health implications of these effects were evaluated in
the context of four scenarios describing possible future
carbon dioxide levels to the year 2100. The report dis-
cusses six categories of CO2 control options: (1) in-
creasing the rate of carbon fixation or mass transfer,
(2} changing the fuel use strategy, (3) changing energy
use patterns, (4) using emission source controls (5)
using institutional controls to adapt society, and (6) Im-
plementing exotic strategies.
Keywords: "Carbon dioxide, 'Toxicology, Hazardous
materials, Policies, Biological effects, 'Air pollution
effect8(Humans), Ecosystems, Environmental health.
PB83-224543 PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Combined Sewer Overflow Characteristic* from
Treatment Plant Data. Final rept. Jun 79-Feb 81,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
James A. Mueller, and Dominic M. Di Toro. Jun 83
124pEPA-600/2-83-049
GrantEPA-R-806519
This research was undertaken to evaluate the adequa-
cy of using a mass balance technique with daily munic-
ipal wastewater treatment plant data to determine
combined sewer runoff and overflow characteristics.
The bias and variability associated with the mass bal-
ance technique together with a theoretical analysis of
the plant measurement error effects are presented.
The unit loads and average concentrations from the
New York City 26th Ward Treatment Plant area as well
as the effect of rainfall characteristics on combined
sewer runoff concentrations are also presented.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Combined sewers,
•Overflows. 'Water quality,
Concentration(Composition), Rainfall, Graphs(Charts),
'Storm water runoff, Numerical solution.
PB83-224667 PC A04/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement,
Waetewater Treatment Facilities, Las Cruces, New
Mexico.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
May 83, 70p EPA-806/9-83-005
The City of Las Cruces operates wastewater treatment
facilities which serve the City, the Town of Mesilla,
New Mexico State University, and parts of Dona Ana
County. Major problems include: (1) inadequate collec-
tion and treatment capacity to accommodate the sub-
stantial growth projected to occur within the planning
area; and (b) an existing treatment facility that is ineffi-
cient and cannot meet state and federal standards re-
garding effluent quality. Alternatives regarding service
area, collection system improvements, wastewater
treatment, and sludge management were analyzed to
accommodate expected sewage flows to the year
2005. As Its preferred alternative, Las Cruces pro-
poses to expand its service area slightly to conform to
projected growth patterns, and to construct interceptor
and collection sewers necessary to provide service
throughout the urban area. EPA's preferred decision is
to approve and support funding for the proposed alter-
native, because this is the most cost-effective way of
achieving federal and state water-quality goals, im-
proving the quality of the Rio Grande, and protecting
prime agricultural lands.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Sewage treatment, Regulations, State government,
Sludge disposal, Substitutes, Water quality, Las
Cruces(New Mexico). Waste water reuse.
PB83-224782 PC A04/MF A01
Financial Capability Guidebook,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Catherine L. Spain, Hamilton Brown, Pat Watt, and
Larry J. Scully. Feb 83,74p
This Guidebook will assist officials in your community
in analyzing the financial impact of a proposed project
on the community as a whole and on individual house-
holds.
Keywords: 'Financing, "Water treatment, "Public
works, Financial management, Economic analysis,
Cost analysis.
PB83-224899 PC A08/MF A01
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Baseline Sediment Characteristics and Sedimen-
tation Patterns on the Virginia Portion of the
Chesapeake Bay,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs III, and Michael J.
Carron. Jun 83,168p EPA-600/3-83-048
Grant EPA-R-806001
The distribution patterns of sediment physical proper-
ties, deposition patterns, and sediment accumulation
rates provide an Integrating framework for investiga-
tions of toxic substance concentration and distribution.
Over 2,000 surface-sediment grab samples (1.4 km
grid) reveal that the bottom of Chesapeake Bay, Virgin-
ia, Is significantly sandier than previously reported.
About 65 percent of the area is sand. Nine hundred
samples, selected to avoid the coarser sands, were
analyzed for total carbon, organic carbon, and sulfur
contents. There are strong correlations between these
characteristics and sediment type, especially weight-
percent clay. Additionally, there is a good relationship
between the organic carbon and sulfur contents. The
project includes an attempt at constructing a sediment
budget using published values for silt and clay estua-
rine advection and contributions from shore erosion
measured against the residual accumulations. The re-
sidual accumulation of silt and clay is an order of mag-
nitude larger than previously estimated.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Sedimentation, "Beach ero-
sion, 'Chesapeake Bay, Silts, Clay soils, Chemical
analysis, Carbon, Organic compounds, Sulfur, Correla-
tion, Shores, Virginia.
PB83-224907 PC A04/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide Concentrations In Four U.S.
Cities during the Winter of 1981. Rept. for Jan-Mar
81.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jun 83,75p EPA-600/4-83-025
Portable monitors were used to measure time aver-
aged personal exposures (10-30 min) to carbon mon-
oxide. Data were collected from January through
March 1981 in four cities where carbon monoxide am-
bient levels in excess of National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been reported: Stamford, CT; Los An-
geles, CA; Phoenix, AZ; and Denver, CO. In each city,
personal exposures were measured in three typical mi-
croenvironment types: 'indoor,1 'commuting,' and 'resi-
dential driving.' these measurements were made in
the vicinities of fixed monitoring stations that recorded
ambient levels of carbon monoxide. This study design
permitted the subsequent comparison of simultaneous
personal exposures and ambient concentrations.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollution, Dosi-
meters, Portable equipment,
Concentration(Compoi)ltlon), Exposure, Public health,
Sites, Stamford(Connecticut), Los Angeles(California),
Phoenix(Arizona), Denver(Colorado).
PB83-225078 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Carclnogenlclty Based on Mutage-
nlclty In ARABIDOPSIS,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia. Dept. of Agronomy.
George Redei, and Gregoria N. Acedo. Jun 83,63p
EPA-600/1-83-005
Grant EPA-R-807892
Thirty-seven synthetic chemicals plus two mycotoxins
were tested for mutagenicity in an Arabidopsis embryo
system. The results of this test, prokaryotic repair
tests, bacterial mutation assays, eukaryotic cell sys-
tems, and in vivo tests were compared to the carcino-
genicity classifications of the chemicals. Thirty-two of
the thirty-seven chemicals tested were correctly identi-
fied as either mutagenic or nonmutagenic in the Arabi-
dopsis assay. To compare these results with those of
the other assays, the authors defined three criteria.
'Sensitivity' indicated the percentage of tested car-
cinogens that were mutagenic in a system. Of 20 car-
cinogens tested in the Arabidopsis assay, 19 were mu-
tagenic (sensitivity 95%). For the other assays, sensi-
tivities ranged from 16% to 88%. 'Specificity' indicated
the percentage of noncarcinogens that were nonmuta-
genic in a system. Three of the twelve non-carcino-
gens were nonmutagenic to Arabidopsis (specificity
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Detection, Embryos, Bloas-
say, Sensitivity, Chemical compounds, Plants(Botany),
Arabidopsis, 'Carclnogenesis, "Mutagenesls.
PB83-225086 PC A02/MF A01
Recent Developments In Anaerobic Sludge Diges-
tion In the United States snd a View of the Future.
Technical rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Joseph B. Farrell. Jun 83,23p EPA/600/D-83/066.
The presentation reviews current developments in
sludge digestion that have been applied on a full scale
in the United States and predicts future developments.
Full scale experiments using thermophillc digestion at
Los Angeles and at Chicago are described. Results of
the evaluation of dual digestion (oxygen aerobic diges-
tion followed by anaerobic digestion) at Hagerstown,
Md., are presented. New developments, such as multi-
ple digestion, developed by W. Torpey, are discussed.
The impact of federal programs that encourage con-
servation of energy has greatly increased use of the
excess methane produced in anaerobic digestion of
sludge. Implications of the dependence created on this
internally generated energy are presented. Research
areas of high potential are also addressed.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Sludge digestion,
'Aerobic processes, "Solid waste disposal, Forecast-
ing, Energy conservation, Methane.
PB83-22S2SO PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Environmental and Energy Beneflte of Micro-
processor Control of Oven Airflows from Metal
Painting Operations. Final rept.
Chemical Coalers Association, Wheaton, IL.
Jul 83, 309p EPA-600/7-83-037
Contract EPA-R-807083
Prepared in cooperation with Centec Corp., Reston,
VA., and Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
In most industrial operations the percentage of the
lower explosive limit (LEL) of VOC emissions typically
remain at below 5 to 10 percent LEL at most metal
coating operations. Although, monitors are available to
determine solvent concentrations, they require manual
corrective action to the process when potentially ex-
plosive oven atmospheres are generated. This project
demonstrated the capability of microprocessors to
control and allow ovens to operate close to 50 percent
LEL while not exceeding that level. Included in this
report is a technical design manual on the use and im-
plementation of microprocessor technology into paint
baking ovens for energy conservation and VOC pollu-
tion reduction from metal coating processes.
1496 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Solvents, 'Metal finishing,
•Ovens, 'Monitors, Air pollution, Curing, Heat recov-
ery, Energy conservation, Explosions, Air flow, Indus-
trial wastes, Quality control, Paints, 'Volitile organic
compounds, 'Lower explosive limit, Microprocessors,
Computer applications.
PB83-225292 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Stratigraphlc Evidence of Human turbance In
Some Chesapeake Bay Tributaries. Final rept..
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Dept. of Geogra-
phy and Environmental Engineering.
Grace S. Brush, and Frank W. Davis. Jun 83,37p EPA-
600/3-63-052
Grants EPA-R-805962, EPA-R-806680
Response of diatom (algal) and submerged macro-
phyte (angiospermous) populations to disturbance in
some Chesapeake Bay tributaries over the last few
centuries is interpreted from abundance of diatom
frustules and presence of macrophyte seeds pre-
served in dated estuarine sediments. The historical
record of disturbance during the time period consid-
ered includes land clearance and urbanization of the
watershed resulting from human activity, as well as
from periodic storms. The stratigraphic record indi-
cates that both the diatom and submerged macro-
phyte populations were stable prior to European settle-
ment. With the onset of land clearance, dramatic
changes are registered that include shifts in total num-
bers of cells and seeds as well as in species composi-
tion. The kind of response appears to be unique for a
particular type of disturbance.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Disturbances, 'Sediments,
•Stratigraphy, 'Chesapeake Bay, Geochronology,
Land use, Humans, Seeds, Distribution(Property),
Ferns, Core analysis, Environmental impacts, Pollen,
History, Tributaries.
PBS3-22S326 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Evaluation of an Implnger Collection/
Ion Chromatographic Surce Test Method for
Formaldehyde. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. Estes, P. Grohse. W. F. Gutknecht, and R. K. M.
Jayanty. Jun 83,35p EPA-600/4-83-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
An Implnger collection/ion chromatographic source
test method for formaldehyde was developed and
evaluated. Unlike colorimetrlc methods for formalde-
hyde, ton chromatography is not subject to interfer-
ence from phenol, which is present with formaldehyde
In many source emissions. In addition, interferent tests
showed that the ion chromatographic method is not
subject to interference from trioxane, a stable formal-
dehyde polymer, or from hexamethylene tetramine, a
frequently used source of formaldehyde in Industrial
processes.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Gas analysis, 'Industrial
hygiene, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment, 'Impinger collection/ion chromatography,
•Air pollution detection, Ion chromatography, Tetra-
mlne/methylene, Trioxanes.
PBM-226342 PC A02/MF A01
Fate of Chemicals In Aquatic Systems: Process
Models and Computer Codes,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Lawrence A. Burns. Jun 83,21 p EPA-600/D-83-067
Aquatic fate models are designed to forecast the resid-
ua) concentrations, dominant pathways, distributions
among subsystems, and characteristic time scales of
xenobiotic chemicals. Most are constructed as sys-
tems Of differential equations organized around mass
balances. The resulting computer codes are used as
aids in chemical use and disposal evaluations; their pri-
mary function is to reduce complex chemical and envi-
ronmental data sets to useful forms. Relevant chemi-
cal phenomena include direct and Indirect photochem-
ical reactions, hydrolytlc processes, blotransforma-
tions, tonic speciation, and sorptlon. These phenom-
ena include both reversible and irreversible processes,
with a mixture of time scales ranging from the virtually
Instantaneous to the imperceptible, depending on the
structure and reactivity of the chemical involved
Aquatic transport processes include hydrodynamic
transport of dissolved materials, entrained transport of
chemicals sorbed with participates, volatilization, and
exchange across the benthic boundary layer. The
models combine chemical partitioning and rate con-
stants with environmental driving forces, yielding a set
of differential equations that can be analyzed to reveal
chemical behavior as a function of time, space, and ex-
trinsic chemical loadings.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds,
models, 'Water pollution,
•Mathematical
r . Forecasting,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Pesticides, Concentration(Composition), Photochemi-
cal reactions, Sorption, Photolysis, Reaction kinetics,
'Path of pollutants, Computer applications, Biological
processes, Bioaccumulation.
PB83-225367 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Standards Preparation for Solid Sorbent Cartridg-
es,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
John G. Windsor, Jr., John R. Mease, Jim A.
Stikeleather, and Richard E. Means. Jun 83,29p EPA-
600/D-83-072
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
An alternate technique for preparing standards of vola-
tile organic compounds on sorbent cartridges is pro-
posed. The system incorporates temperature con-
trolled diffusion tubes, a multiple syringe pump and gas
chromatograph. Analysis of organics on the cold trap
offers a quality assurance step prior to and during car-
tridge loading. Analysis of traps and cartridges are
highly precise. Organic vapors have been loaded onto
Tenax-GC cartridges, stored for up to one month and
analyzed. These results are discussed. Although all
applications of this system have been to Tenax, other
sorbents or collection techniques could be calibrated
with this system, results obtained with the syringe
pump system will be compared to techniques for
standard preparation.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Sorbents, Samplers, Adsorp-
tion, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Calibrating, Sub-
stitutes, Gas chromatography, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, *Tenax GC resins, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-225375 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Microwaves, Hyperthermla, and Human Leuko-
cyte Function. Final rept. Aug 79-Jun 82,
Rochester Univ., NY.
Norbert J. Roberts, Jr., Shin-Tsu Lu, and Sol M.
Michaelson. Jul 83,24p 600/1-83-008
Grants EPA-R-808039, EPA-R-806390
Prepared in cooperation with School of Aerospace
Medicine, Brooks, AFB, TX., Aeronautical Systems
Div., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. and Air Force Office
of Scientific Research, Boiling AFB, DC.
Studies were performed to determine whether human
leukocytes are affected by exposure to microwave en-
ergies that equal or even exceed current safety stand-
ard recommendations. There were no detectable ef-
fects on viability or function of human mononuclear
leukocytes resulting from exposure to microwave
energy at specific absorption rates up to 4 mW/ml. In
contrast to studies in other laboratories, the results
were highly reproducible and provided no evidence
that current safety standard recommendations are in-
appropriate Insofar as leukocyte function is con-
cerned.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Hyperthermia, 'Radiation
effects, Leukocytes, Heat stress, Blood cells, Expo-
sure, Standards, Absorption, Cells(Biology).
PB83-225383 PC A02/MF A01
Fetotoxlc Effects of Nickel In Drinking Water In
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
Ezra Berman, and Blair Rehnberg. Jun 83,18p EPA-
600/1-83-007
Nickel chloride was administered In drinking water to
pregnant mice from the 2nd through the 17th day of
gestation at nickel doses of 0,500, or 1000 ppm. Fetal
or maternal toxidty was not seen after administration
of 500 ppm of nickel. However, the higher dose
caused spontaneous abortions, loss of fetal mass in
survivors, and loss of maternal mass. The oral route of
administration via drinking water was at least 2.7 times
less effective than parenteral routes in producing fetal
effects.
Keywords: 'Nickel chloride, 'Toxicology, Pregnancy,
Dosage, Concentration(Composition), 'Fetotoxity,
Drinking water.
PB83-22S573 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Documentation for Water Quality Analysis Simula-
tion Program (WASP) and Model Verification Pro-
gram (MVP). User's manual,
Mydroscience, Inc., Westwood, NJ.
Dominic M. DiToro, James J. Fitzpatrick, and Robert V.
Thomann. May 83,158p EPA-600/3-81 -044
Contract EPA-68-01-3872
A generalized water quality modeling program and a
model verification analysis program have been devel-
oped that have application to a wide variety of water
resource management problems. The Water Quality
Analysis Simulation Program, WASP, may be applied
to one, two, and three-dimensional water bodies, and
models may be structured to include linear and non-
linear kinetcs. Depending upon the modeling frame-
work the user formulates, the user may choose, via
input options, to input constant or time-variable trans-
port and kinetic processes, as well as point and non-
point waste discharges. The Model Verification Pro-
gram, MVP, may be used as an indicator of 'goodness
of fit' or adequacy of the model as a representation of
the real world. A user's manual and program listings
have been prepared. The user's manual was oriented
toward the system analyst, whose reponsibility it would
be to design, develop and debug new kinetic models
for end users, as well as the end user who must pre-
pare the data input to the program.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Mathematical models,
Water resources. Computer programming. Computer
programs, Eutrophication, Limnology, Transport prop-
erties, 'Water quality management, Water quality anal-
ysis simulation program, Model verification program.
PB83-22S649 PC A03/MF A01
Pilot Plant Exploration of Stow Rate Filtration,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Kim R. Fox, Richard J. Miltner, Gary S. Logsdon, Doug
Dicks, and Larry Drolet. 5 Jun 83,32p EPA-600/D-83-
076
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Pre-
sented at AWWA Annual Conference Seminar, June 5,
1983, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Alternatives to conventional coagulation water filtra-
tion plants (those that utilize coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration) may be appropriate for
some small water utilities. One such alternative is slow
rate filtration. This paper describes pilot plant studies
undertaken to evaluate slow rate filtration for the re-
moval of participates, total collforms, standard plate
count bacteria, and organics (TOC and THMFP). Two
pilot-scale filtration systems were used: a slow sand
filter (operated over 800 days), and a second slow
sand filter operated in parallel with a stow rate filter
containing granular activated carbon media (operated
over 200 days). Results from both systems will be pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Sand filtration, Pilot
plants, Potable water, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Particles, Bacteria, Organic compounds,
Substitutes, Granular activated carbon treatment.
PB83-225805 PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Individual Hydrocarbon Species In
Ambient Atmospheres: Techniques and Data Va-
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. H. Westberg, W. A. Lonneman, and M. W. Holdren.
1983,25p EPA-600/D-83-074
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman. Coll. of Engineering, and Battelle Columbus
Labs., OH.
December 1983 1407
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
During the summer of 1980, EPA sponsored a large
field program which was designed to gather data for
developing and testing a regional scale oxidant model.
Individual hydrocarbons were measured over a 30 day
period in Boston, New York, Washington, DC, Balti-
more, and Columbus, Ohio. The widespread nature of
the hydrocarbon sampling network necessitated the
participation of three gc analyses groups: Washington
State University (WSU); Battelle Columbus Laborato-
ries; and the Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry Branch
(GKPB) of the Environmental Sciences Research Lab-
oratory. In order to ensure intercomparability of results,
a hydrocarbon quality assurance program was utilized.
Two methods for comparison were used; the periodic
analysis of synthetic mixtures and the shared analysis
of ambient air samples. This report presents the re-
sults of this quality assurance program.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Hydrocarbons, 'Mathemati-
cal models, *Gas analysis, Quality assurance, Urban
areas, Rural areas, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Oxidizers, *Air pollution detection.
PB83-225862 PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Considerations In the Employment of
Sax (Scanning Electron Mlcrosopy with Automat-
ed Image Analysis and X-ray Energy Spectrosco-
py) Results for Receptor Models,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
David L Johnson, and John P. Twist 1983 20pEPA-
600/D-83-075
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Hundreds of thousands of individual particle measure-
ments may be accumulated in a receptor model study
employing Scanning electron microscopy with Auto-
mated image analysis and X-ray energy spectroscopy
(SAX). At present, the summaries of these data are uti-
lized in apportionment calculations. Two basic ap-
proaches have been taken to the sorting of these ob-
servations: variable algorithms which are sample spe-
cific, and fixed algorithms which have temporal and
inter-airshed continuity. We report here the use of a
'fixed' sorting scheme developed for one area as it is
app|ied to an airshed where no source specific infor-
mation is available. Discriminant analysis, as applied to
the individual particle characterizations, was shown to
be very useful in improving the quality of the mathe-
matical solution using a Q mode Factor/Vector analy-
sis. It is concluded that statistical manipulation of the a
'fixed' sorting algorithm is shown to be feasible when
unknown ambient aerosol samples are to be appor-
tioned to sources on the basis of their comparison with
library 'source signatures'.
Keywords: 'Particles, *Xray spectroscopy, *Air pollu-
tion, 'Mathematical models, Process charting, Aero-
sols, Statistical analysis, Feasibility, 'Scanning elec-
tron microscopy, 'Automated image analysis, Numeri-
cal solution.
PB83-225888 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Priority Toxic Pollutants In Human Urine: Their
Occurrence and Analysis. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Na-
tional Measurement Lab.
Alexander J. Fatiadi. Jun 83,66p NBSIR-83-2690
Sponsored in part by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The survey reviews and discusses the occurrence of
priority pesticides and industrial chemicals in human
urine. An overview of some recent analytical method-
ology for determination of selected toxic pollutants and
their metabolites as they are found in human urine is
also presented. The review includes 427 references.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Pesticides,
'Urine, 'Chemical analysis, 'Environmental surveys,
Public health, Industrial wastes, Toxicity, Herbicides,
Phenols, Nitrophenols, Plasticizers, Aromatic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, Phenol/pentachloro.
PB83-225938 PCA11/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
802 Abatement for Coal-Fired Boilers In Japan.
Final rept. Jun 81-Jan 83,
Jumpei Ando°May taFzMp EPA-600/7-83-028
Contract EPA-68-02-3676
See also PB83-207639.
The report is a compilation of information on the cur-
rent status of SO2 abatement technologies for coal-
fired boilers in Japan, where strict ambient air quality
standards for SO2 and NOx mandate the use of vari-
ous air pollution control technologies. It focuses on
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and is based on infor-
mation gathered from utility company representatives
and FGD process developers and the author's re-
search in the field. Various technologies including wet
lime/limestone and indirect lime/limestone FGD proc-
esses and combined FGD/Selectiye Catalytic Reduc-
tion (SCR) systems are described in terms of process
descriptions, development and/or commercial appli-
cation status, and economics. Detailed operating data
are given for many of the processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, Japan, Technology, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Calcium oxides, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Calcium carbonates, Catalysis, Flue
gases, Fluidized bed processing, Water pollution con-
trol, Nitrogen oxides, 'Foreign technology, Air quality,
coal-fired power plants, Flue gas desulfurization, Se-
lective catalytic reduction, Limestone scrubbing, Acti-
vated carbon treatment.
PB83-226035 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Assessment of Potential Environmental Problems
Concerning Water Availability,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
G. M. Wesner, and B. E. Burris. Jun 83, 99p* EPA-600/
6-83-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3729
This study analyzes national supply and demand and
summarizes data on all water resources regions. Esti-
mates of the potential for wastewater reuse and recy-
cling are also presented. The technology for improving
the water supply through augmentation and conserva-
tion is reviewed, and the most feasible implementation
methods are discussed in detail. Three detailed stud-
ies of water sensitive regions presented in this report
illustrate the regional nature of the issues, problems,
and research needs. The areas are San Antonio,
Texas, South Coastal area of Southern California, and
the Yadkin-Pee Dee Basin in North Carolina and South
Carolina.
Keywords: 'Waste water reuse, 'Water supply,
"United States, Assessments, Water conservation,
Availability, Regional planning, Constraints, Droughts,
Texas, California, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Water consumption, Drawdown, Evaporation, Weather
modification, Water rights, Desalting, Water reclama-
tion, Maps, San AntoniofTexas), 'Water demand.
PB83-226076 PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Removal of Metals In Combined Treatment Sys-
tems. Final rept. 12 Jul 76-21 Dec 78,
Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Pritzker Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
James W. Patterson, Prasad Kodukula, and Toshiro
Aratani. Jun 83, 274p EPA-600/2-83-051
Grant EPA-R-804538
This project assessed the variables influencing the re-
moval of eight metals through combined industrial-mu-
nicipal treatment plants. The eight metals investigated
were: aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron,
lead, nickel, and zinc. The metals were studied at sub-
toxic influent concentrations, and the interrelation-
ships which influence metal removal were assessed.
Batch studies on raw sewage and activated sludge
identified and defined the impact of individual param-
eters or concentrations and of combinations of param-
eters on metals removal. Eight pilot treatment plants,
each consisting of primary clarifier, aeration basin, and
secondary clarifier, were operated at varying influent
metal levels to study the effect of significant variables
indicated from the batch studies. The results of this
project indicate that the removal of metals in combined
industrial-municipal treatment systems \e influenced by
a number of wastewater and treatment plant operation
characteristics.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Metals, 'Activated
sludge treatment, Aluminum, Cadmium, Chromium,
Copper, Iron, Lead(Metal), Nickel, Zinc, Pilot plants,
Clarifiers, Aeration, 'Heavy metals, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment.
PB83-226118 PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Mutagenlc Properties of Pesticides
Used In Commercial Corn Production. Final sum-
mary rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Michael J. Plewa, and James M. Gentile. Jun 83,212p
EPA-600/1-83-006
Contract EPA-68-02-2704
Prepared in cooperation with Hope Coll., Holland, Ml.
Dept. of Biology.
This project encompassed the analysis of 21 pesti-
cides and 12 combinations of herbicides for their gen-
otoxic properties. Three genetic assays were em-
ployed: reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium,
gene conversion in S. cerveisiae and reverse mutation
in 2. mays. The use of these genetic indicator orga-
nisms established a comprehensive data base that re-
solved a spectrum of genetic damage induced by
single agents or by combination of agents. The pesti-
cides were evaluated with the microbial assays direct-
ly, after in vitro mammalian microsomal activation and
after in vivo plant activation protocols. Finally all the
pesticides were tested for their ability to induce muta-
tions in Z. mays under in situ (in field) conditions.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Corn, 'Herbicides, "Toxicol-
ogy, Detection, Bioassay, Mutations, Bacteria, 'Muta-
genesis, Genotoxicity, Bioindicators.
PB83-226126 PC A03/MF A01
Interlaboratory Root Elongation Testing of Toxic
Substances on Selected Plant Species,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Hitman C. Ratsch. Jun 83,46p EPA-600/3-83-051
Four contract laboratories and three EPA laboratories
participated in the inter-laboratory testing of 10 toxic
substances on a representative plant species from five
families. Seeds were germinated on filter paper satu-
rated in a solution of the toxic substance and incubat-
ed for 115 hours. The root lengths were measured to
evaluate the toxic effects of the chemical concentra-
tions on the various species. The objective of the test-
ing was to estimate the concentration of chemical
which reduced root length to 50% of the control
length. This research attempts to determine the preci-
sion of this bioassay used to evaluate environmental
effects under the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA). Although the method proved to give a uniform
plant growth environment, the species variability in re-
lationship to the chemical concentrations that inhibit
root growth makes it difficult to use this assay on more
than one species at a time.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Roots, Toxicity, Bioas-
say, Concentration(Composition), Tests, Laboratories,
In vivo analysis, Inhibitors, 'Toxic substances, Toxic
Substances Control Act, Public Law 94-469.
PB83-226167 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Sulfurlc Acid and HCL In Station-
ary Source Emissions,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kenneth T. Knapp, and James L. Cheney. 1983,21p
EPA-600/D-83-069
Because of the increasing interest in urban particle
and other modeling and in acid precipitation, the need
for stationary source measurement methods for such
non-criteria acid pollutants as H2SO4 and HCI has
also increased. The paper describes several methods
for each of these pollutants. Several variations of the
temperature controlled condensation method for gas-
eous H2S04 measurement are described. This
method is generally the preferred method for most
source measurements.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, *Gas analysis, 'Hydrochloric
acid, Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Parti-
cles, Infrared spectroscopy, Colorimetric analysis, Sol-
ubility, Air pollution, Field tests, Urban areas, 'Station-
1498 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ary sources, "Air pollution detection, Acid rain, Fourier
transform spectroscopy.
PB83-226357 PC A02/MF A01
Evidence That Microorganisms Causa Inactlvatlon
of Viruses In Activated Sludge (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Richard L. Ward. 1982,6p EPA-600/J-82-077
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v43
n5p1221-1224 May 82.
Virus loss in activated sludge appeared to be caused
by microorganisms. This conclusion is supported by
the finding that polioyirus infectivity decreased during
incubation in mixed-liquor suspended solids, primarily
because of a sedimontable, heat-sensitive compo-
nent. Furthermore, broth spiked with mixed-liquor sus-
pended solids acquired antiviral activity during incuba-
tion.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Sludge, Microorganisms, Polio-
viruses, Antiviral agents, Reprints, Inactivation.
P883-226399 PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agncy) Field
Guide for Scientific Support Activities Associated
with Superfund Emergency Response. User's
guide.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs,, Richland, WA.
1982,113p PNL-4093, EPA-600/8-82-025
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) grants
the President the authority to respond to releases of
hazardous chemical substances that imminently and
substantially threaten public health or welfare, or the
environment. The Act, which establishes a $1.6 billion
Superfund to finance response actions, and which
charges the Environmental Protection Agency with ad-
ministering critical portions of the response program
was designed to build on the existing environmental
response authority given to EPA under Section 311 of
the Clean Water Act During an emergency response to
a release of a hazardous substance, the On-Scene
Coordinator will require scientific information for the
decision-making process. This manual provides guid-
ance in establishing and maintaining scientific support
for responses to such releases. The manual delineates
the methods and technical aspects of scientific sup-
port required during implementation of Superfund re-
moval activities, regardless of the government unit
(state, local or Federal) that may be performing the im-
plementation. Although comprehensive in coverage,
the primary emphasis is on environmental effects on
inland areas. Pre-response activities are emphasized.
Consultantants, scientific literature, computer data
bases, records and analytical capabilities must be
identified and appropriate contracts or other agree-
ments must be arranged before an emergency re-
sponse. Region-specific resources must be identified.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Legislation, Hazardous materi-
als, Responses, Financing, Water pollution, Removal,
Manuals.
PB83-226472 PC A02/MF A01
Automatic Analysis of Dissolved Metal Pollutants
In Water by Energy Dispersive X-Rsy Spectrosco-
py. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncln-
natl.OH.
James S. Y. Ho. and Philip C. L. Lin. 1982,11 p EPA-
600/J-81-233
An automated system for the quantitative determina-
tion of dissolved metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Co, Nl,
Cr, Hg, Se, and Pb in water is described. The system
collects a water sample, preconcentrates the dis-
solved metals with ion-exchange paper automatically
in a sample collection and preparation module (SCPM)
controlled by a microprocessor computer, and then
quantitates the metals with an energy-dispersive x-ray
spectrophotometer. It has been demonstrated in the
laboratory that the system can automatically and si-
multaneously quantitate dissolved multi-element metal
ions In water In the concentration range of parts per
million to parts per billion.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Water analysis, 'Water pollution,
*X ray spectroscopy, Iron, Copper, Lead(Metal),
Chemical analysis, Nickel, Chronium, Zinc, Calcium,
Tin, Mercury(Metal), Trace elements, 'Heavy metals,
'Water pollution detection, 'Energy dispersive X ray
spectroscopy.
PB83-226480
Immunologlcal and Hematologlcal Effects of
Microwave Power Transmission from a Satellite
Power System (Part 1 and Part 2). Final rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Bioelectromagnetics Re-
search Lab.
Chung-Kwang Chou, Arthur W. Guy, K. E. Hellstrom, I.
Hellstrom, and C. C. Jones. C1982,54p EPA-600/1-
83-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3287
Prepared in cooperation with Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA.
Two systems for exposing mice to 2450 MHz electro-
magnetic fields are described. The first system was
used to expose mice dorsally to circularly polarized
electromagnetic fields. The second system was a min-
ature anecholc chamber modified from the original
design. Mice were exposed dorsally to far field plane
waves in the chamber.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Electro-
magnetic fields, Mice, Hematology, Immunology, Phys-
iological effects, Exposure, Satellite power system.
PB83-226514 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Screening Air Samples for Polynuclear Aromatic
Compounds: A Field Study,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
T. Vo-Dlnh, T. B. Bruewer, R. H. Jungers, and T. J.
Wagner. 1983.17p EPA-600/D-83-068
Contract EPA-68-02-3496
Prepared In cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
The use of simple and cost-effective luminescence
techniques for screening air partlculate samples is de-
scribed. Two analytical methods, synchronous lumi-
nescence and room temperature phosphorescence,
are employed to monitor the content of polynuclear ar-
omatic species in air paniculate extracts collected at a
wood-burning community. The validity and efficacy of
this cost-effective screening approach are demon-
strated via comparison of the screening data with re-
sults obtained by detailed gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry analysis.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, 'Luminescence, 'Phosphorescence,
Air pollution, Particles, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Field tests, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-226522 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
snd Standards for the Electrical and Electronic
Components Industry • Phase 1. Final rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Mar 83,178p EPA-440/2-83-005
Contract EPA-68-01 -6348
This report analyzes the economic Impacts of promul-
gated effluent limitations guidelines for the Electrical
and Electronic Components Industry - Phase 1. The
Phase 1 guidelines cover the manufacture of electron-
ic crystals and semiconductors. The report Includes a
characterization of the industry, and analyzes primary
effects of costs to comply with promulgated regula-
tions in terms of price increase, profitability changes
and access to capital funds. Secondary effects exam-
ined are plant closures, employment changes, regional
impacts and foreign trade effects.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Electronics industry, 'Ef-
fluents, 'Air pollution, 'Economic Impact, Profits, Cap-
ital, Semiconductors, Crystals, Prices.
PB83-227587 PC A06/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Cyclone* Device Under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
Stanley L Syria. Jan 83,110p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-3
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Cyclone-Z device under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the Cyclone-Z
device was conducted upon receiving an application
from the marketer. The device is claimed to improve
fuel economy and driveability and to reduce exhaust
emissions. EPA fully considered all of the information
submitted by the applicant. The evaluation of the Cy-
clone-Z device was based on that information, EPA s
engineering judgement, and its experience with other
air bleed devices.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, Carburetors, Fuel systems, Installation,
Cyclone Z devices, Air bleed devices.
PB83-228247 PC A06/MF A01
Control Techniques for Organic Emissions from
Plywood Veneer Dryers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 83,113p EPA-450/3-83-012
This document summarizes information gathered by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on
the control of emissions from softwood plywood manu-
facturing. It is intended to inform Regional, State, and
local air pollution control agencies about technology
for abatement of these emissions. Information is given
on,environmental impacts and costs of control.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Plywood, Environ-
mental impacts, Cost analysis, Manufacturing, Industri-
al wastes, Sources, Drying apparatus, Scrubbing, In-
cinerators, Sanders, 'Volatile organic compounds,
Fabric filters.
PB63-228288 PC EM
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Mar83,2287p-in3v
Set includes PB83-228296 through PBB3-228312.
No abstract available.
PB83-228206 PC A21/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Point Source Category. Volume 1. General
Development Document,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
James R. Beriow, and Ernst P. Hall. Mar 83,493p*
EPA-440/1-83/019-B-VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB83-228304.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
228288.
Volume I, the General Development Document pre-
sents data rationale and technical aspects of the pro-
posed effluent limitations and standards for the Non-
ferrous Metals Point Source Category published In the
Federal Register on February 11,1983 FR 7032-34.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Guidelines.
'Standards, Regulations, Industrial waste treatment,
Technology, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation.
Smelting, Air pollution, 'Point sources, •Nonferrous
smelting industry, Best technology, New source per-
formance standards.
PB83-228304 PC A99/MF E03
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Point Source Category. Volume 2. Supple-
mental Development Documents lor. Primary Alu-
minum, Primary Copper Smarting and Electrolytic
Primary anc> and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
James R. Beriow, and Ernst P. Hall. Mar 83, 716p*
EPA-440/1 -83/019-B-VOL-2
December 1983 1499
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also Volume 1, PB83-22S296, and Volume 3,
PB83-228312.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
228288.
Volume II contains the Supplemental Development
Documents for: Primary Aluminum Primary Copper
Smelting and Electroytic Refining, Primary Lead, Pri-
mary Zinc, and Metallurgucal Acid Plants. This docu-
ment presents data rationale and technical limitations
and standards for the Nonferrous Metals Point Source
Category published in the Federal Register on Febru-
ary 17,1983 (48 FR 7032-34).
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Guidelines,
•Standards, Technology, Regulations, Air pollution, In-
dustrial wastes, Aluminum, Smelting, Lead(Metal),
Copper, Zinc, Refining, Electrochemical machining,
Refining, 'Point sources, 'Nonferrous smelting indus-
try, Best technology, New source performance stand-
ards.
PBB3-22S312 PC A99/MF E04
Development Document for Effluent Limitation*
Guideline* and Standard! for the Nonferrou*
Metal* Point Source Category. Volume 3. Supple-
mental Development Document* for Primary
Tungsten, Primary Columblum - Tantalum, Sec-
ondary Silver, Secondary Lead, Secondary Alumi-
num, and Secondary Copper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Dlv.
James R. Berlow, and Ernst P. Hall. Mar 83,1078p*
EPA-440/1-83/019-B-VOL-3
See also Volume 2, PB83-228304.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
228288.
Volume III contains the Supplemental Development
Documents for: Primary Tungsten, Primary Columbium
- Tantalum, Secondary Silver, Secondary Lead, Sec-
ondary Aluminum, and Secondary Copper. This docu-
ment presents data rationale and technical aspects of
the proposed effluent limitations and standard for the
Nonferrous Metals Point Source Category published in
the Federal Register on February 17, 1983 (48 FR
7032-34).
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Guidelines,
•Standards, Technology, Regulations, Tungsten, Tan-
talum, Industrial wastes, Silver. Lead(Metal), Alumi-
num, Air pollution, "Point sources, 'Nonferrous smelt-
ing industry, Best technology, New source perform-
ance standards.
PB83-228882 PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dl*per*lon Model
(Addendum/Supplemental Information).
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dec 82, 22p EPA/DF-83/007A
See also PB80-133044. and PB80-1330S1.
This supplemental Information on the ISC model Is part
of the documentation of the UNAMAP Version 5 pack-
age. It enables users to update their guide for this
model. The coding changes documented in the report
have already been made to the source code included
as part of the UNAMAP Version 6 tape.
Keywords: *Alr pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Manuals, Computer programming, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Revisions, 'Air quality, *ISC model, User
manual8(Computer programs), Atmospheric disper-
sion.
PB83-22B890 PC A02/MF A01
VALLEY Model (Addendum/Supplemental Infor-
mation).
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dec 82,10p EPA/DF-83/007B
See also PB-274 054.
This supplemental information on the VALLEY model
is part of the documentation of the UNAMAP Version 5
package. It enables users to update their guide for this
model. The coding changes documented In the report
have already been made to the source code included
as part of the UNAMAP Version 5 tape.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Wind velocity, Wind
speed, Plumes, Computer programming, Atmospheric
diffusion, Dispersion, 'Air quality, 'Valley model,
Gaussian plume models, Point sources, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB83-228908 PC A03/MF A01
User's Manual for Single Source (CRSTER) Model
(Addendum/Supplemental Information).
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dec 80,33p EPA/DF-83/007C
See also PB-271 360.
This supplemental information on the CRSTER model
is part of the documentation of the UNAMAP Version 5
package. It enables users to update their guide for this
model. The coding changes documented in the report
have already been made to the source code included
as part of the UNAMAP Version 5 tape.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
'Manuals, Computerized simulation, Plumes,
Concentration(Composition), Computer programming,
Chimneys, *CRSTER model, 'Air quality, Gaussian
plume models, User manuals(Computer programs),
Point sources.
PB83-228916 PC A03/MF A01
MESOPUFF Model (Addendum/Supplemental In-
formation).
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dec 82,27p EPA/DF-83/007D
This supplemental information on the MESOPUFF
model is part of the documentation of the UNAMAP
Version 5 package. It enables users to update their
guide for this model. The coding changes documented
in the report have already been made to the source
code included as part of the UNAMAP Version S tape.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
'Manuals, Computer programs, Atmospheric diffusion,
Revisions, * MESOPUFF model, 'Air quality, Atmos-
pheric dispersion, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB83-229013 PC A03/MF A01
Atla* of Source Emission Particles,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John L. Miller. Jun 83,45p EPA-600/3-83-041
An atlas of various source emission particles charac-
terized by electron optical techniques has been com-
piled for use by air pollution investigators. The particles
studied were emitted by mobile, stationary, and natural
sources. Sources included automobiles, manufactur-
ing operations, power plants, smelters, mining and
quarring. Filter media and sample preparation method-
ology as well as morphological and chemical data are
presented.
Keywords: 'Particles, "Air pollution, 'Atlases, 'Elec-
tron microscopy, Sources, Exhaust emissions, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Smelters, Sampling,
Chemical properties, Combustion products, Stationary
sources, Natural emissions.
PB83-22M39
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Enumeration and Characterization of Bacteria In-
digenous to a Shallow Water-Table Aquifer. Jour-
nal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
J. T. Wilson, J. F. McNabb, D. L. Balkwill, and W. C.
Ghioroe. C1983,8p EPA-600/J-83-021
Contract EPA-R-806931
Prepared In cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Pub. in Ground Water, v21 n2 p134-1421983.
Widespread pollution of ground water in the U.S. by or-
ganic compounds has kindled interest in the numbers
of microbes that might be found In aquifers and associ-
ated regions of the deeper unsaturated zone, and in
their ability to degrade organic pollutants. Newly devel-
oped techniques in microbial ecology allow the direct
enumeration and examination of soil microbes without
recourse to their cultivation on growth media. These
techniques reduce many uncertainties associated with
the use of culture media, such as the growth of con-
taminants or the failure of indigenous forms to grow on
a particular medium. Samples were recovered asepti-
cally from depths of 1.2, 3.0, and 5.0 meters (m) at the
margin of a small floodplain near Lula, Oklahoma.
Depth to the water table was 3.6 m; depth to bedrock
was 6.0 m. Numbers of microbes were surprisingly
similar at all three depths. Chlorobenzene was degrad-
ed in material from the vadose zone, while bromodich-
loromethane was degraded in material from the satu-
rated zone.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Aquifers, 'Water pollution, Soil
microbiology, Cultivation, Biodeteration, Chloroben-
zenes, Sampling, Depth, Toluene, Ethane, Ethylene,
Oklahoma, Reprints, Vadose zone, Chlorobenzenes.
PB83-229047
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Accumulation of PCBs (Polychlorlnated Blphen-
yls), Mercury and Cadmium by 'Nereis vlren*',
'Mercenarla mercenarla', and Palaemonete*
puglo' from Contaminated Harbor Sediment*.
Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
N. I. Rubinstein, E. Lores, and N. R. Gregory. c1983
14p
Contract EPA-R-809370
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 3, p249-260 1983.
Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
mercury, and cadmium by sandworms (Nereis virensj.
hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), and grass shrimp
(Palaemonetes pugio) exposed to contaminated sedi-
ments from four sites in New York Harbor was studied
for a 100-day period. Results from this study support
the contention that sediment concentration alone
does not reflect bioavailability and that toxicity tests
(bioassays) and field monitoring remain the most direct
method for estimating bioaccumulation potential of
sediment-bound contaminants.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Cadmium, 'Sediments,
Shell fish, Bioassays, Toxicity, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Bioaccumula-
tion, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Nereis virens, Mercenaria mercen-
aria, Palaemonetes pugio.
PB83-229468 PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Lawrence Avenue Underflow Sewer Syetem: Mon-
itoring and Evaluation. Final rept. 1987-81,
Chicago Dept. of Public Works, IL. Bureau of Engineer-
ing.
Louis Koncza, G. L. Miller, and M. R. Quraishi. Jul 83,
164pEPA-600/2-83-053
Contract EPA-S-807116
See also PB81-145708.
A new and bold concept in design of urban drainage
systems was developed as a step forward in the solu-
tion of combined sewer overflow problems. A deep
tunnel in bed rock about 200 to 250 feet (61 to 76 m)
below the surface was designed and constructed for
the Lawrence Avenue drainage basin in Chicago.
Flows and pollutants to the river and treatment plant
were monitored. Performance of the tunnel system In
capturing flows and pollution was evaluated with the
help of calibrated computer models. Groundwater was
monitored to assess the project Influence on the aqui-
fer. The results show that this design is very effective
in reducing combined sewer overflows to the water-
way. Tunnels capture smaller storms, and trap a signif-
icant portion of the first flush of pollutants from larger
storms which Is subsequently pumped to the treatment
plant.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, 'Overflows, 'Runoff,
'Urban areas, Tunnels, Drainage, Mathematical
models, Design, Monitoring, Performance, Ground
water, Aquifers, Chemical analysis, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Unsteady flow, Weirs, Tables(Data),
Illinois, 'Urban hydrology, Chicago(llllnois).
PB83-229476 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Optimization of QC/MS Based Tenax Collection
Method for Toxic Organlca. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Barbu Demian, and Edo D. Pellizzarl. Jul 83,119p
EPA-600/3-83-058
1500 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-88-02-3423
The sampling of vapor-phase organics in the presence
of reactive inorganics using the Tenax GC sampling
cartridge was investigated. To differentiate between
pollutants In air and those formed from In situ artifact
reactions, deuterated organics were employed In both
laboratory and field experiments; and any subsequent
artifact products were detected by capillary gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry/computer (GC)
squared 2/MS/COMP) techniques. Artifacts produced
by Tenax GC Itself and by reactions between adsorbed
species were Investigated using statistical methods.
Keywords: 'Samplers, "Chemical analysis, 'Organic
compounds, Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Gas
chromatography, Mass apectroscopy, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Adsorption, Isotoplc labeling,
Deuterium compounds, Air pollution, 'Artifact reac-
tions, 'Tenax GC resins, 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, Computer applications.
PB83-22B600 PC A22/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1983. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 81 -30 Sep 82,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
John B. Miller, John L. Oberg, and Theodore Sieger, Jr.
Mar 83,501 p USGS/WRD/HD-82/028, USGS-WDR-
MI-82-1
See also PB83-102699 and PB81-224180.
Water resources data for the 1982 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water temperature of ground water. This report con-
tains discharge records for 169 gaging stations; stage
only records for 4 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 61 continu-
ous-record stations; and water levels for S3 observa-
tion wells. Also Included are 82 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 44 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-logic data,
DlschargefWater), Water levels.
PBa3-229567 Not available NTIS
Extrapolating Photolysis Rates from the Labora-
tory to the Envlronmsnt. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Glen C. Miller, and Richard G. Zepp. d 983,23p EPA-
600/J-82-166
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Reno.
Pub. In Residue Reviews, v85 p89-110 1983.
The Importance of environmental photolysis of pesti-
cides and other xenobiotics has been realized in the
last decade and methods for assessing these process-
es are continually being Improved. The general goal
has been to develop quantitative laboratory proce-
dures that can be used to estimate photolysis under a
variety of environmental situations. To do this requires
consideration of several factors Involving both the
chemical of Interest and the environmental matrix.
These Include the absorption spectrum and quantum
yield of the compound in each environmental matrix,
the solar Intensity at each wavelength, sunlight
screening factors, and the contribution oflndlrect pho-
tochemical reactions to the dissipation of the xenoblo-
ttc. This paper reviews reported studies of photolysis
of pesticides in air, on soils, and in water. Methods for
assessing both the direct and indirect photolysis of
pollutants in aqueous systems have received the most
scientific attention. Studies under laboratory light sys-
tems and outdoor experiments are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Photolysis, * Environmental surveys, 'Pho-
tochemistry, 'Pesticides, Air pollution, Soils, Water
pollution, Field tests, Laboratory equipment, Reprints,
Xenobiotics.
PB63-229S91 PC A04/MF A01
Radlofrequency Radiation Exposure Facilities for
Bio-Effects Research at the Health Effects Re-
search Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
P&rK, NC.
Joseph S. AH, and Claude Weil. Mar 83,64p EPA-600/
2-83-018
The report describes the multi-user radiofrequency ra-
diation exposure facilities for bio-effects research in
use at the Health Effects Research Laboratory, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Four facilities are described:
(l) a 100 MHz CW exposure system, (2) a 2450 MHz
CW exposure system, (3) a 2450 MHz AM exposure
system, and (4) an X-band pulsed RF exposure
system. The Individual facilltiy descriptions Include
construction details, specifications, photographs, cir-
cuit drawings and block diagrams. All of the facilities
incorporate environmental control systems and three
have RF power-level regulation.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Radioblology, 'Facili-
ties, 'Health physics, Radiofrequencies, Radiation
protection, Radiation shielding, Radiation hazards, Ir-
radiation.
PB83-229609
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
Routine Conform Monitor!
and Waterbome DIs-
Routlne Conform Monitoring and Wat
ease Outbraaka. Journal article (Final),
Columbia Univ., New York.
Odette Batik, Gunther Craun, and Wesley Pipes.
C1983, 6p EPA-600/J-83-019
Prepared In cooperation with Drexel Univ., Philadel-
phia, PA.
Pub. In Jnl. of Environmental Health v4S, n5 p227-230
1983.
To provide protection against the transmission of wa-
terborne disease all public drinking water systems are
required to monitor for collform bacteria at a pre-
scribed frequency. However, waterborne outbreaks
have previously been documented In public water sys-
tems which have not exceeded these collform regula-
tions. A comparison of coliform monitoring results in a
sample of both community and non-community water
systems showed no statistical differences In collform
results between systems in which an outbreak had oc-
curred and systems In which no outbreaks had been
reported. Although the results of this study must be In-
terpreted cautiously, the authors feel that public health
officials should reevaluate the importance of routine
collform monitoring in their surveillance program for
the prevention of waterborne disease.
Keywords: 'Conform bacteria, Bacteria, Potable water,
Prevention, Infectious diseases, Reprints, 'Water pol-
lution detection, Drinking water, Monitoring.
PB83-229617 PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Effects of Inorganic and Organic Mercury
on 'Daphnla magna': Toxlelty, Accumulation, and
Loss. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Kenneth E. Bieslnger, Leroy E. Anderson, and John G.
Eaton. C1982,8p EPA-800/J-82-342
Pub. In Archives of Environmental Contamination and
ToxicolOty11,p769-7741982.
The present study with Daphnla magna determined the
chronic effects of one Inorganic and two organic mer-
cury compounds on survival and reproduction; plus the
determination of the relative uptake, body accumula-
tion and loss of Inorganic and organic mercury. In addi-
tion, behavioral studies were made of the different
forms of mercury In renewed-static and flow-through
systems.
Keywords: 'Mercury Inorganic compounds, 'Toxiclty,
•Mercury organic compounds, 'Water pollution, Bioas-
say, Exposure, Reprints, 'Biological Indicators, Daph-
nla magna, Bloaccumulatton.
PB63-229633 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Clncin-
natl,OH.
Determination of 51 Priority Organic Compound*
After Extraction from Standard Reference Materi-
als. Journal article,
Midwest Research Inst, Kansas City, MO.
Vtorica Lopez-Avlla, Raymond Northcutt, Jon Onstot,
Margie Wickham, and Stephen Billets. C1983,11 p
EPA-600/J-83-018
Contract EPA-68-03-2711
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n6 p881 -8891983.
An extraction technique, involving homogenization of a
sediment sample with dichloromethane at dual pH and
phase separation by centrifugation, was used in the
determination of 51 organic priority pollutants as Iden-
tified in a standard reference sediment sample. These
compounds were spiked into the sediment and equili-
brated for a defined period of time. Separation and
identification of individual compounds in the silica gel
fractions were accomplished by gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Method precision and
accuracy are discussed. Tentative identifications of
other organic compounds found in the sediment are
given.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Extraction, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Organic compounds, Centrlfugating, Separation,
pH, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Pesti-
cides, Solvent extraction, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Standard reference materials,
'Water pollution detection, Gel permeation chroma-
tography, Silica gel chromatography, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB83-22MS8 PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Louisiana, Water Year
1982. Volume 2. Southern Louisiana. Water-data
rept. Oct 81-30 Sep 82,
Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Water Re-
sources Div.
D. D. Carlson, G. R. Stallworth, L. J. Dantin. and C. G.
Stuart. Apr 83,417p USGS/WRD/HD-82/046, USGS-
WRD-LA-82-2
See also PB82-238379.
Water resources data for the 1982 water year for Lou-
isiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This report, in two vol-
umes, contains records for water discharge at 77
gaging stations (including stage for 65 of these sta-
tions); stage only for 64 gaging stations and 9 lakes;
contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 104 surface-
water stations (Including 31 gaging stations), 20 mis-
cellaneous sites, and 6 lakes, and 223 wells; and water
levels for 526 observation wells. Also Included are
data for 209 crest-stage and flood-profile partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Louisi-
ana, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologta data.
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Southern
Regton'louislana).
PB83-230aS4 PC A04/MF A01
Experimental Marina Microcosm Teat Protocol
and Support Document Measurement of the Eco-
logical Effects, Fate and Tranaport of Chemicals
In a Site-Specific Marine Ecosystem,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K. T. Perez. Jul 83, 58p EPA-600/3-83-055
Experimental microcosms designed to simulate major
physical, chemical and biological complexities of ana
specific, coastal marine ecosystems are described.
Procedures are presented which enable the Investiga-
tor to determine the fate, ecological effects and trans-
port for 'new' and 'existing' chemicals. Experimental
designs are recommended to ensure valid testing of
various dose-response relationships. In addition, car-
tain criteria and conditions are Identified as critical to
environmental assessment of toxic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Ribosomes, 'Ecology, 'Transport proper-
ties, 'Chemical compounds, Ecosystems, Marine at-
mospheres, Assessments, Sites, Laboratory equip-
ment, 'Toxic substances, 'Path of pollutants,
PB83-230896 PC A04/MF A01
SCE (Sister Chromatld Exchanges) Analysis In
j
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
James W. Allen, Karen Brock. James Campbell, and
Yousuf Snarief. Jul 83, 53p EPA-600/D-83-080
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Expectations are high that sister chromatld exchange
analyses In lymphocytes removed from individuals in
various occupational settings may serve as monitors of
preventable hazardous chemical exposures in much
the same way that chromosome aberration analyses
have been useful for determining irradiation expo-
sures. (SCE is only weakly responsive to ionizing radi-
December 1983 1501
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ations) The enormous complexity of monitoring chemi-
cal exposures has not been underestimated: problems
such as diverse confounding exposures, chemical
interactions, specific modes of action, and inherent
weaknesses in lymphocyte cytogenetic
tests(mentioned below) have been addressed. None-
theless, SCE analyses, along with chromosome aber-
ration tests, may well represent the most feasible and
sensitive approaches to this end.
Keywords: "Lymphocytes, Blood cells, Industrial medi-
cine, Humans, Staining, Exposure, 'Sister chromatld
exchange, Toxic substances.
PB83-231209 PC A02/MF A01
Recent Advances In EPA'» (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency'*) Monitor! and Methods Develop-
ment Research,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Dlv.
Robert H. Jungers. Jul 83,14p EPA-600/D-83-085
Several areas of advanced research related to sam-
pling, analysis, and human exposure assessment of
exhaust emission in ambient air have been developed.
These include studies of new methods for volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC's), and the development and
application of personal exposure monitors (PEM's) in
screening for polynuclear aromatics (PNA's) and
carbon monoxide (CO). These new methods for
screening PNA's are fast, economical and accurate
The more expensive and time consuming traditional
methods of analysis may be judiciously applied to
those samples which the screening methods indicate
are high in PNA's. Carbon monoxide, an emission
product directly related to automotive emissions, is
being monitored using personal exposure monitors in
urban scale studies to obtain data on population expo-
sures on a real time basis. Such data may ultimately be
used in assessing more accurately human exposure to
mobile source and other emissions.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollu-
tion, Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Expo-
sure, Public health, Dosimeters, Carbon monoxide. Ar-
omatic polycylic hydrocarbons, Monitors, Urban areas,
Assessments, Volatile organic compounds.
PB83-231217 PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Characterization and Apportionment of
the Houston Aerosol by Means of X-Ray Diffrac-
tion Techniques,
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City. Inst. of Atmospheric Sciences.
Brian! L Davis. 1983,15pEPA-600/D-83-081
Grant EPA-R-806769
Eighteen pairs of dichotomous sampler filters (Teflon)
used in collecting ambient aerosol at Houston, Texas,
from 10-18 September 1980, have been studied by x-
ray diffractionmetry. Although none of the filters ana-
lyzed contained aerosol loads sufficiently adequate for
optimum XRD analysis, these results compared favor-
ably in many aspects with results obtained by scanning
electron microscopy, additional x-ray diffraction work
at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and elemental
analyses completed by EPA and other groups.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'X ray diffraction, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Air pollution, Filters, Electron microscopy,
Sources, 'Air pollution detection, HoustonfTexas),
Scanning electron microscopy.
PB83-231225 PC A02/MF A01
Cell Culture Studies with the IMC-Hz-1 Nonocdud-
ed Virus. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ann L Ralston, Yuan-Shen Huang, and C. Y.
Kawanishl. C1981,14p EPA-600/J-81-168
Pub. in Virology 115, p33-441981.
Studies were conducted on an adventitious agent (Hz-
Iv) isolated from the IMC-Hz-1 cell line. It appeared
Identical to the virus first obtained by Qranados et al.
from a persistent Infection of this cell line. Restriction
endonuclease digestion of Hz-tv DNA Indicated the
agent was different from the S nuclear polyhedrosls
virus (HzSNPV) of the host species, Heltothis zea, from
which the IMC-Hz-1 cell line was derived by Hink and
Ignoffo (W.F. Hlnk and C.M. Ignoffo, 1970. Exp. Cell
Res. 60,307-309). Hz-1 V caused extensive cytopathic
effects (CPE) in cultures of TN-368 cells and was mod-
erately infectious to several other insect cell lines. The
plaque assay employing TN-368 cells.
Keywords: 'Cell cultures, 'Viruses, Reprints, Cell
lines, Adventitious agent.
PB83-231233 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Origins of Aerosol Sulfur Size Distributions In the
Los Angeles Basin. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
S. V. Bering, and S. K. Friedlander. c1982,12p EPA-
600/J-82-338
Grant EPA-R-806404
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n11 p2647-
26561982. H
Low pressure impactor measurements show two dis-
tinct types of fine particle sulfur size distributions in Los
Angeles. These types have mass median diameters of
0.64 + or - 0.07 micrometers and 0.20 + or - 0.02 mi-
crometers, respectively. Factors which may account
for the two distribution types including effects of rela-
tive humidity, coagulation, fogs and formation mecha-
nisms are discussed. Calculations show that the 0.5
micrometers particles are consistent with chemical re-
actions in the aerosol phase, whereas the smaller par-
ticles result from gas phase S02 oxidation. While the
growth of the total aerosol volume distribution is not
too sensitive to the mechanism, the chemical species
distribution strongly depends on the growth law and
can be used to establish its form. (Copyright (c) 1982
Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Particle size distributions, 'Fines, 'Sulfur,
'Air pollution, 'Los Angeles Basin, Aerosols, Growth
curves, Humidity, Coagulation, Fog.
PB83-231241 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Selenium Concentrations and Qlulathlone Peroxl-
dase Activities In a Population Exposed to Seleni-
um via Drinking Water. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Public Health.
Jane L Valentine, Han K. Kang, Phoung-Mai Dang,
and Mark Schluchter. c1980, 8p EPA-600/J-80-410
Grant EPA-R-801374
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 6,
P731-7361980.
Selenium concentrations in blood, urine, hair, and tap
water were determined in samples obtained from indi-
viduals exposed to varying amounts of the element via
water from home wells. Glutathione peroxidase activi-
ties were also determined on the blood samples. Cor-
relations of blood Se with the enzyme activity were not
statistically significant. Correlations of water Se, urine
Se, and hair Se with glutathione peroxidase activity
were also not statistically significant. It is concluded
that a relationship between Se and glutathione peroxi-
dase activity does not exist when Se status is ade-
quate.
Keywords: 'Potable water,'Selenium, 'Toxicology,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Glulathlone peroxidase.
PM3-231258 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park.NC.
Arsenic Levels In Human Blood, Urine, and Hair In
Response to Exposure via Drinking Water. Journal
article
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Public Health.
Jane L Valentine, Han K. Kang, and Gary Sprvey.
1979.11 p EPA-600/J-79-151
Contract EPA-R-803798
Pub. In Environmental Research 20, p14-321979.
Five communities with water supplies having arsenic
concentrations of 6, 51, 98,123 and 393 mlcrograms/
liter were selected for study. Samples of blood, hair,
urine and tap water were obtained from participants In
each community and analyzed for arsenic content. Re-
sults showed an increase In arsenic concentration for
urine and hair samples as the water arsenic concentra-
tions Increased. Arsenic levels in blood did not show
this trend until chronic toxicity was expected. The au-
thors conclude that arsenic levels in water at concen-
trations of 100 micrograms/liter or less seem not to
produce an undue body burden.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, Concentration(Composition),
Humans, Exposure, Blood, Urine, Hair, Responses,
Potable water, Reprints, Drinking water, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-231266 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Selenium Levels In Human Blood, Urine, and Hair
In Response to Exposure via Drinking Water. Jour-
nal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Public Health.
Jane L. Valentine, Han K. Kang, and Gary H. Spivey.
1978,11 p EPA-600/J-78-198
Contract EPA-R-803798
Pub. in Environmental Research 7, p347-3551978.
Blood, hair, urine and tap water samples were ob-
tained from participants in a population exposed to
varying amounts of selenium via water from home
wells. Concentrations of selenium in urine and hair pro-
duced significant positive correlations with well-water
selenium levels. Blood selenium with well-water seleni-
um did not produce a significant correlation. Urine se-
lenium correlation with hair selenium and urine seleni-
um correlation with blood selenium were found to be
significant. No significant correlation for hair selenium
with blood selenium was found. We conclude that
blood selenium alone is not an adequate monitor of se-
lenium exposure or body burden at levels below chron-
ic toxicity.
Keywords: 'Selenium, Concentration(Composition),
Humans, Exposure, Blood, Urine, Hair, Responses
Potable water, Reprints, Drinking water, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effectsfnumans).
PB83-231274 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Human Leukocyte Functions and the U.S. Safety
Standard for Exposure to Radio-Frequency Radi-
ation. Journal article,
Rochester Univ., NY.
Norbert Roberts, Jr., Shin-Tsu Lu, and Sol M.
Michaelson. 1983,5p EPA-600/J-83-020
Contract EPA-R-806390
Pub. in Science, v220 p318-320,4 Mar 83.
Human mononuclear leukocytes were exposed to
microwaves at energies relevant to current public
safety recommendations. No detectable effects on vi-
ability or function of the leukocytes resulted from expo-
sure to microwaves at specific absorption rates up to 4
milliwatts per milliliter. The results were highly repro-
ducible and provided no evidence that current safety
standard recommendations are inappropriate insofar
as leukocyte function is concerned.
Keywords: 'Leukocytes, 'Radio frequencies, 'Micro-
waves, 'Radiation effects, Blood cells, Standards, Ex-
posure, Absorption, Reprints.
PB83-231282 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ambient Temperature and Exposure to
2450-MHz Microwave Radiation on Evaporative
Heat Loss In the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon. c1982,8p EPA-600/ J-81 -149
Pub, in Jnl. of Microwave Power, v17 n2 pi 45-150
1982.
Whole-body evaporative heat loss was measured as
whole-body evaporative water loss in mice during a 90
mln exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation at an
ambient temperature of 20 C and in non-exposed mice
maintained at ambient temperature of 0, 25, 30, 33,
and 35 C. The ambient-temperature threshold for In-
creasing evaporative water loss was between 30 and
33 C. A specific absorption rate of microwave radiation
in excess of 29 W/kg was required to produce an In-
crease in heat loss. For absorption rates ranging from
29 to 44 W/kg, the mouse dissipated 65% of the total
absorbed heat by water evaporation; the remainder
was dissipated passively. The data collected In the
mouse may be extrapolated to larger species, such as
man, but only by an exponential relationship. Using this
1502 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
relationship, it was shown that a threshold specific ab-
sorption rate of 29 W/kg in a 0.033-kg mouse was
equivalent to approximately 0.25 W/kg in a 70-kg
human.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, 'Temper-
ature, Mice, Exposure, Heat loss, Reprints.
PB83-231290 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-P-
Dloxln In Fresh Water Fish. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Harless, E. O. Oswald, R. G. Lewis, A. E. Dupuy,
Jr., and D. D. McDaniel. 1982,8p EPA-600/J-81-099
Pub. in Chemosphere, v11 p193-1981982.
Validated sample preparation procedures and high
resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass
spectrometry techniques were utilized for the quantita-
tive measurement of 4 to 695 pg/g (ppt) levels of
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxln (2378-TCDD) in
the edible portions of fish Horn the state of Michigan.
The methodology and the analytical results are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Bloassay, 'Chemical analysis, 'Fish,
Chlorine organic compounds, Gas cheomatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Sampling,
Concentratlon(Composition), Water pollution. Herbi-
cides, Pesticides, Reprints, 'Dibenzodloxin/tetrachlo-
ro, 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Water pollution
detection, Dloxin.
PB83-231324 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mechanism and Bate* of the Qa» Phase Oxida-
tions of Sulfur Dioxide and the Nitrogen Oxides In
the Atmosphere,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Chemistry.
Jack G. Calvert, and William R. Stockwell. Jul 83,
100p* EPA-600/D-83-079
Grant EPA-R-806479
Prepared in cooperation with National Center for At-
mospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
As our knowledge of the atmospheric chemistry of the
SO2, NO, and N02 continues to grow, it becomes in-
creasingly clear that many different chemical reactions
contribute to the oxidation of these oxides in the at-
mosphere. Solution phase and gas phase chemistry
are both Important to 'acid rain1 development, and gas-
solid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid as well as simple gaseous
molecule interactions are seemingly Important in some
circumstances as well. The evaluation of the mecha-
nism and rates of solution phase and heterogeneous
pathways for SO2 and NOx oxidation within the tropo-
sphere, the significance of surface removal processes,
and the transport and diffusion processes are much
less amenable to simple laboratory studies and quanti-
fication. Although a significant wealth of important and
necessary information related to S02 and NOx chem-
istry has been defined In recent years and a reasona-
ble depth of knowledge of the many fundamental gas
phase processes exists today, many uncertainties still
remain in this, the 'simplest' of the research areas re-
lated to 'acid rain' development.
Keywords: 'Oxidation, *Alr pollution, 'Reaction kinet-
ics, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, Diffusion, Chem-
ical reactions, Transport properties, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms, Acid rain,
Heterogeneous reactions, Path of pollutants.
PB83-231340 PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Marine Benthos on Physical Properties
of Sediments: A Successions! Prospective,
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. Dept, of Geology and
Geophysics.
Donald C. Rhoads, and Larry F. Boyer. Jul 83,80p
EPA-600/D-83-086
Grant EPA-R-807331
This chapter focuses on physical organism-sediment
relations that are of potential value In predicting the
physical properties of sediments and the transport
fates of fine-grained sediments and their associated
contaminants. Generalizations are made about how
early and late successions! stages Influence the physi-
cal properties of sediments- some of the cause-and-
effect relationships are well known, while others
remain speculative. A few promising techniques and
approaches for future work are discussed.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Ecology, 'Benthos,
'Water pollution, Physical properties, Particle size,
Worms, Ecological succession, Forecasting, Mixing,
Boundary layer, Mud, Flumes, Drag, Erosion control,
Surface roughness, Diagrams, 'Water pollution
erfects(Animals), Path of pollutants, Sediment water
interfaces, Bioturbation.
PB83-231357 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Personal Exposure to Volatile Organic* and Other
Compounds Indoors and Outdoors - The TEAM
(Total Exposure Assessment Methodology)
Study,
Research Triangle Inat., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Lance A. Wallace, Edo D. Pellizzari, Tyler D. Hartwell,
Charles Sparacino, and Harvey Zelon. Jul 83,35p
EPA-600/D-83-082
Contract EPA-68-03-3679
The major objective of this study is to develop and field
test a methodology for measuring individual human ex-
posure to toxic substances. A secondary objective Is
to develop methods for estimating body burden with
the use of biological measurements. All significant
pathways of exposure are addressed. In Phase 1 of
the study, sampling and analytical protocols were
tested for volatile organic compounds, organochtorine
pesticides, metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In
Phase 2, exposure through air and drinking water and
excretion rates through inhaled breath were measured
for a statistically valid sample population. It was deter-
mined that personal air median concentrations ranged
from 40 to 320% higher than outdoor fixed air concen-
trations. Correlations between personal and outdoor
samples were poor. It was concluded that personal air,
indoor air, or breath measurements are far superior to
outdoor measurements for estimating exposure. The
study is currently entering its third phase.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Air pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exhaust emissions, Expo-
sure, Sampling, Field tests, Chemical analysis, Potable
water, Blood analysis, Bioassay, Urine, Food analysis,
Metals, Pesticides, Aromatic polycyclte hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic substances,
•Indoor air pollution, 'Path of pollutants, 'TEAM
Study, Volatile organic compounds, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB03-23iaai
PC A03/MF A01
Pollutant SorpUon In Environmental Systems,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Samuel W. Karickhoff. Jul 83,3Sp EPA-600/D-83-083
The development of mathematical models of sorptive
processes affecting pollutant fate in aquatic systems is
reviewed. The review discusses research on equilibri-
um sorption (partition coefficient), soil and sediment
sorption of uncharged organics (dependence on or-
ganic carbon), estimation of fugadty coefficient ratio
(K), hydrophobia sorption. sorption to microorganisms
and dissolved humlcs, non-hydrophobte bonding, sorp-
tion kinetics and bloconcentration.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Sorption, 'Water
pollution, Chemical equilibrium, Transport properties,
Microorganisms, Humte add, Reaction kinetics, Soils,
Sediments, 'Path of pollutants, Partition coefficient,
Numerical solution, Btoaccumulation.
PB83-231407 PC A02/MF A01
Distinction Between Heating Rate and Total Heat
Absorption In the Microwave-Exposed MOUM.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon, and Elizabeth C. White. 1982.
11p EPA-600/J-82-003
Pub. In Physiological Zoology, vS5 n3 D300-308 1982.
This Investigation assesses the ability of the heat-dls-
heat toads (e.g., J/g) administered at varying intensi-
ties (e.g.. J/g/s or W/kg). Use of a microwave expo-
sure system provided a means to administer exact
amounts of energy at varying rates In awake, free-
moving mice. MaTe AJ mice were administered aver-
age heat toads of 12-13 J/g at rates of 19,68, or 194
W/kg by exposure to 2,450 MHz microwave radiation
while evaporative heat loss (EHL) was continuously
monitored with dew-point hygrometry. The sensitivity
of the EHL response was calculated as the heat dissi-
pated by evaporation in response to microwave expo-
sure divided by the heat absorbed. This ratio yields a
dimensionless number that is related to the sensitivity
of the EHL response and, in this study, is defined as
the open loop gain (OLG) of EHL (i.e., motor re-
sponse/error signal). When mice were exposed at an
ambient temperature of 32.5 C to a specific absorption
rate (SAR) of 19 W/kg, the OLG averaged 0.17; thus
17% of the absorbed heat was dissipated by EHL and
the remaining 83% of the energy was passively dissi-
pated.
Keywords: 'Heat of absorption, 'Microwaves, 'Radi-
ation effects, Mice, Reprints.
PB83-231415 PC A02/MF A01
Rewsrmlng Mice from Hypothermia by Exposure
to 2450-MHz Microwave Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Christopher J. Gordon. 1982, 9p EPA-600/J-82-116
Pub. in Cryobiology 19, D428-434 1982.
Radlofrequency (RF) radiation between frequencies of
1 MHz and 100 GHz is, to varying degrees, readily
transmitted and absorbed in biological tissues. Be-
cause of its internal absorption characteristics, RF ra-
diation in the microwave spectrum (300-10,000 MHz)
has been used in cases where a rapid rate of warming
is desired without raising actual temperature beyond
lethal levels. For example, microwave exposure has
been used to quickly thaw canine kidneys, warm
human blood from 4 to 37 C in 1 min, and selectively
warm the cardiac area of hypothermia rats. II is con-
ceivable that whole-body exposure to RF radiation
could be used In the rewarming of subjects in experi-
mental or accidental hypothermia. Warm-water baths
have conventionally been used for rewarming hypoth-
ermia Individuals, however, this method is relatively
slow and can lead to ill effects such as hypoglycemia
and reductions in arterial blood pressure.
Keywords: 'Hypothermia, 'Microwaves, 'Radiation ef-
fects, Exposure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PM3-231423 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) In the Unpolluted At-
mosphere: An Important Reservoir for Nitrogen
Oxides. Journal article,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Hanwant B. Singh, and Philip L. Hanst. c1961,6p EPA-
600/J-81-628
Grant EPA-R-806729
Pub. in Geophysical Research Letters, v8 n8 p941-944
1961.
Based on the measured atmospheric distributions of
ethane and propane (at midlatitudes in the northern
hemisphere) and a simplified mechanism lor their oxi-
dation, it is predicted that acetaldehyde, acetone, and
PAN are ubiquitous components of the troposphere
and the tower stratosphere. Average concentrations of
acetaldehyde of 22 ppt, 3 ppt, and 7 ppt; acetone of
111 ppt, 15 ppt, and 3 ppt; and PAN concentrations of
17 to 34 ppt, 90 to 360 ppt, and 40 to 85 ppt are esti-
mated for the lower troposphere, upper troposphere.
and the tower stratosphere respectively. These calcu-
lations suggest that in the troposphere, nitrogen
oxides contained in their organic form may be as much
or more abundant as their inorganic form. This organic
form of reactive nitrogen is in chemical equilibrium
(CH3C
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns of Participate
Sulfur and Sulfurlc Acid In St. Louis, July 1977-
June 1978. Journal article,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
W. Geoffrey Cobourn, and Rudolf B. Husar. C1982,
12pEPA-600-J-82-339
Contract EPA-R-806606
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16, n16 p1441-
14501962.
Continuous measurements of particulate sulfur and
aulfurlc acid were taken in St. Louis over a one year
period using the In-situ thermal analysis-flame photo-
metric method. These measurements were used to
calculate average diurnal patterns for each quarter of
the year, and also the seasonal pattern for one year.
Enhanced formation of particulate sulfur during the
daytime hours of spring and summer is Indicated by an
afternoon concentration increase of about 20%. The
diurnal patterns of aerosol acidity and charge (a bulk
measure of 0.01-0.1 micrometers particles) also sup-
port the notion. Particulate sulfur and light scattering
coefficient exhibited moderate seasonal variation. For
the third quarter, particulate sulfur concentration was
higher than the annual mean by 40% and light scatter-
ing coefficient was higher by 25%.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Sulfurlc acid, 'Particles, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Diurnal variations, 'Seasonal variations, Light
scattering, Concentratlon(Composltion), Missouri,
Transport properties, Reprints, 'Saint Louls(Mlssouri).
PB83-231449 PC A02/MF A01
Alterations In Composition of Field- and Labora-
tory-Developed Estuarlne Benthlc Communities
Exposed to DI-n-Butyl Phthalatt, Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, C. H. Deans, J. C. Moore, and G. R. Plala.
C1982,12p EPA-600/J-83-024
Pub. In Aquatic Toxicology 3, p239-24B 1983.
Maorobenthic animal communities, developed in sand-
filled aquaria in the laboratory and In the field, were ex-
posed to three concentrations of the plastlcizer, di-n-
butyl phthalate (DBP), and effects on community struc-
ture assessed. Laboratory communities were colo-
nized by planktonic larvae in unfiltered seawater; field
communities, by naturally occurring animals. After 8
weeks of colonization, laboratory and field communi-
ties (removed to the laboratory) were exposed to DBP
for 2 weeks.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Benthos, 'Estuaries,
Toxiclty, Plastlclzers, Substitutes, Industrial wastes,
Exposure, Insect repellents, Laboratory animals, Field
tests, Phthalic acld/(dlbutyl-ester).
PB83-231466 PC A02/MF A01
Prenatal Exposure) to the Herbicide 2,4-Dlchloro-
ph*nyl-p-Nltrophenyl Ether Destroys the Rodent
Hirderlin Qland. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Leon Gray, Robert Kavlock, Nell Chernoff, Janet
Ferrell, and Joey McLamb. d 982,4p EPA-600/J-81 -
284
Pub. In Science, v215 p293-2941982.
Exposure of mice to the herbicide 2,4-dlchlorophenyl-
p-nltrophenyl ether during gestation produces abnor-
malities that are not readily apparent at birth but
become obvious as the pups mature. By 2 weeks after
birth there are severe intraorbital defects resulting
from destruction of the Harderian glands behind the
eyes. This effect Is noticeable only postnatally be-
cause the Harderian gland does not grow or function
until after birth.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, Chlorine organic compounds,
Pregnancy, Congenital abnormalities, Exposure, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Nitrofen, Harderian
gland, 'Toxic substances, Ether/(dichlorophenyl)-(ni-
trophenyt).
PB83-231464 PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Bloactlvlty of Chemical Frac-
tions of Liquid Wastes Using Freshwater and Salt-
water Algae and Crustaceans. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gerald E. Walsh, and Richard L. Games. 1983. Sp
EPA-600/J-83-023, CONTRIB-450
Pub. in Environmental Science ad Technology 17, n3
p180-182 1983.
A method is described for analysis of complex industri-
al and municipal wastes. The method uses chemical
fractionation and subfractionation combined with labo-
ratory toxlcity tests on marine and freshwater algae
and crustaceans to determine toxicity of whole waste
and to identify its toxic components. Endpoints are
stimulation or inhibition of algal population growth and
death of crustaceans. Algae are particularly good indi-
cators of bioactivity, often reacting to growth stimu-
lants at low concentrations (less than 0.1%) and to
toxicants at higher concentrations in a single waste.
Effects of bioactive substances may be suppressed by
other bioactive substances, and fractionation often re-
veals effects not found in tests with raw waste. After
identification of toxic fractions and subfractions, pro-
duction and treatment systems can be modified to
eliminate specific toxicants, thus saving the consider-
able cost of whole waste treatment.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Distillation, 'Toxicity,
'Chemical analysis, Algae, Industrial waste treatment,
Sewage treatment, Revisions, Management planning,
Water pollution, Reprints, 'Municipal wastes, 'Biologi-
cal indicators,'Liquid wastes.
PB83-231472 PC A02/MF A01
Cell Death and Inhibition of Population Growth of
Marine Unicellular Algae by Pesticides. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Gerald E.Walsh. 1983, 8pEPA-600/J-82-014,
CONTRIB-430
Pub. In Aquatic Toxicology 3, p209-214 1983.
The marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, was ex-
posed to the pesticides hexachlorocyclopentadiene,
EPN, chlorpyrifos, carbophenothlon, and Atrazine and
examined for death of cells with Evans blue, a mortal
stain. All pesticides caused death of cells, but signifi-
cant mortality occurred at concentrations greater than
the EC50. The insecticide, Amdro, did not kill the
marine algae S. costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana,
Isochrysls galbana, Chorella sp., or Dunaliella tertio-
lecta. However, Amdro was very inhibitory to algal pop-
ulation growth at low concentrations.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Toxicity, 'Pesticides, Monitoring,
Cells(Biology), Mortality, Populations, Bioassay,
Growth, Concentration(Composition), Insecticides,
Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, Cyclopenta-
diene/hexachloro, EPN insecticide, Dursban, Trithion,
Aatrex, CAS 77-47-4.
PB83-231480 PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Preference-Avoidance Responeea
of Fishes to Aquatic Contaminants. Journal article,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Glattina, and R. R. Garton. 1983,50p EPA-600/J-
83-022
Pub. in Residue Reviews, v87 p4-901983.
The use of behavioral endpolnts In environmental
hazard and impact assessment has become a major
field of study In recent years. Although behavior has
always been accepted as an important aspect of
animal survival and ecology, lexicological research
over the past two decades has concentrated primarily
on lethality, growth, and reproductive success. In this
review we discuss a broad range of chemical contami-
nants by comparing concentrations causing prefer-
ence and/or avoidance with concentrations acute and
chronic toxicity. Although previous reviews have been
presented on various aspects of behavioral responses
of fishes and invertebrates to aquatic contaminants
(Anderson 1971, Sutterlin 1974, Schere 1977, Macior-
owski et al, 1977, Larrik et al. 1978, Cherry and Cairns
1982, Cairns and van der Schalie 1981), no review to
date has been found which systematically evaluates
the relative sensitivities of the diverse testing methods.
Keywords: 'Fish, 'Behavior, Reviews, Assessments,
Ecology, Toxicology, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-231498 PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation
In Rate during Exposure to 2450-MHz Microwaves.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Ward, J. A. Elder, M. D. Long, and D.
Svendsoaard. c1982,14p EPA-600/J-81-196
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 3, p371-383 1982.
Adult rats anesthesized with pentobarbital and injected
Intravenously with a mixture of (C) sucrose and (H)
inulin were exposed for 30 min. to an environment at
an ambient temperature of 22, 30, or 40 C, or were ex-
posed at 22 C to 2450-MHz CW microwave radiation at
power densities of 0, 10, 20, or 30 mW/cm. Following
exposure, the brain was perfused and sectioned Into
eight regions, and the radio-activity in each region was
counted The data were analyzed by two methods.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Temperature, Brain, Bar-
riers, Rats, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Sucrose,
Inulin, Reprints.
PB83-231852 PC A02/MF A01
Computer Simulation of the EPA Provisional
Method tor Measuring Airborne Asbestos. Final
rept,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Terence Fitz-Simons, and Michael E. Beard. Jul 83,
17pEPA-600/4-83-033
A computer simulation program was developed to re-
produce manual counting methods and calculate their
accuracy in estimating the number of asbestos fibers
on a filter surface. A model arrangement of asbestos
fibers on a filter was generated for a predetermined
number of fibers with lengths and widths according to
lognormal distribution and uniformly random place-
ment.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Computerized simulation, 'Air
pollution, 'Mathematical models, Samplers, Computer
applications.
PB83-232017 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Model of Sulfate Aerosol Dynamics In Atmospher-
ic Plumes (Journal Verson), Journal article,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Christian Seigneur. C1982,24p EPA-600/J-82-340
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16 n9, p2207-2228
1982.
The evolution of atmospheric aerosols is currently a
subject of concern because of its relationship to envi-
ronmental issues. Recently, a rigorous approach for
modeling the dynamics of a sectional aerosol distribu-
tion has been developed by Gelbard, Tambour and
Seinfeld (1980) J. Colloid Interface Sci. 76, 541-556.
This paper makes use of this approach and extends it
through the presentation of a mathematical model that
describes advective transport, turbulent diffusion, gas-
phase chemistry and aerosol dynamics In atmospheric
plumes. This mathematical model Incorporates the Re-
active Plume Model, which Is a Lagranglan model used
to describe plume dynamics consisting of six contigu-
ous cells that expand as the plume Is dispersed by at-
mospheric turbulence. It assumes a Gaussian distribu-
tion of the plume and takes Into account Interactions
with the ambient air. The mathematical model also In-
corporates the Carbon-Bond Mechanism to model the
gas-phase chemistry, which involves 73 reactions
among 36 chemical species.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Sulfates, 'Aero-
sols, 'Air pollution, Plumes, Transport properties,
Chemical reactions, Reprints, Gaussion plume
models, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB83-232025 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Behavior of Constant Rate Aerosol Reactors
(Journal Version),
California Univ., Los Angeles.
S. K. Friedlander. 1982,13pEPA-600/J-82-341
Grant EPA-R-806404
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology 1, p3-13
1982.
An aerosol reactor is a gaseous system in which fine
particles are formed by chemical reaction in either a
batch or flow process. Such reactors are used to study
the aerosol formation process, as in a smog reactor, or
to generate a product such as a pigment or a catalytic
aerosol. This paper deals with reactors in which aero-
sol material is generated at a constant rate. Design pa-
rameters of interest are the size distribution, number
density, surface area, and mass loadings. For ideal
1504 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
systems composed of spherical coalescing particles,
these can be predicted theoretically tor certain limiting
cases. However, the irregular agglomerates which may
form are more difficult to characterize theoretically.
Keywords: 'Aerosol generators, 'Chemical reactors,
•Fines, "Air pollution, "Nucleation, 'Reaction kinetics,
Smog, Coagulation, Surfaces, Reprints, Homogene-
ous reactions, Numerical solution.
PB83-232066 PC A02/MF A01
Selected Bibliography on the Perlphyton, 1982,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Gary B. Collins. 1982, 9p EPA-600/D-83-088
Environmental measurements are required to deter-
mine the quality of ambient water, the character of ef-
fluents, and the effects of pollutants on aquatic life.
The EMSL-CI conducts an Agency-wide quality assur-
ance program to assure standardization and quality
control of systems for monitoring water and
wastewater. The effectiveness of measures taken to
maintain and restore the biological integrity of the Na-
tion's surface waters is dependent upon our knowl-
edge of the changes in the taxonomic composition of
aquatic life caused by discharges of toxic substanes
and other pollutants, and upon the level of our under-
standing of the complex relationships that prevail in
aquatic ecosystems. The periphyton is the community
of organisms growing on natural or artificial substrates
in water. This community is of particular value in ac-
cessing changes in water quality in streams since it is
stationary and thus is continuously exposed to the
water flow.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Bib-
liographies, Water quality, Marine microorganisms,
Toxlcity, Substrates, Water flow, 'Periphyton.
PB83-232074 PC A02/MF A01
Research Program for Effects of Acidic Deposi-
tion on Materials and Cultural Resources,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
John W. Spence, and Fred H. Haynie. Jul 83,12p EPA-
600/D-83-087
Task Group G. Effects on Materials and Cultural Re-
sources, is part of the Interagency Task Force on Acid
Precipitation that was established by the Acid Precipi-
tation Act of 1980. There are currently eleven agencies
participating in the Materials Effects Task Group. The
National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and the
Environmental Protection Agency are the only partici-
pating agencies that receive funding from the Task
Force. In planning the Materials Effects Research Pro-
gram the Task Group has two basic objectives: (1) To
develop the methodology and data bases for assess-
ing material related benefits of acidic deposition con-
trol policies, and (2) To provide guidelines for protec-
tion or restoring individual structures especially histori-
cal and cultural sites.
Keywords: 'Research, Damage, Deterioration, Air pol-
lution, Culture(Social sciences), Cost analysis, 'Acid
rain, 'Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB83-232082 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Effects of Drilling Fluids on Reef Corals: A
Nova Univ. Ocean Science Center, Dania, FL.
Richard E. Dodge, and Alina Szmant-Forelich. Jul 83,
63p EPA-600/D-83-O77
Grants EPA-R-807314, EPA-R-8073S4
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Univ., Talla-
hassee. Dept. of Oceanography.
This chapter reviews research on the effects of drilling
mud on coral reef communities, concentrating on the
major reef fauna: the reef-building or hermatypic
corals. Drilling mud is an effluent introduced to the
marine environment in large quantities during the typi-
cal offshore drilling operation. Concern over its possi-
ble detrimental effects, when drilling activities are near
coral reefs, has been the impetus for the work to be
discussed.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Coral, 'Reefs, 'Offshore
drilling. 'Water pollution, Mud systems, Reviews, Sedi-
mentation, Biochemistry, Environmental impacts,
•Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-232090 PC A02/MF A01
Increased Confidence In Spectrum Matching by
Use of a Retention Time Library,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Walter M. Shackelford. 1983,23p EPA-600/D-83-084
To successfully extract the maximum amount of infor-
mation, all dimensions of the gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data from a sample run
must be used. In this work, retention data were com-
bined with reference mass spectra for computer-aided
identification of organics in industrial effluent. Use of
retention data proved to be a great help in increasing
the analyst's confidence in compound identification
from low quality spectrum matches. Even greater con-
fidence will be achieved when libraries that include
capillary column retention data and gas phase infrared
spectra are available.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrosco-
py, 'Chemical analysis, Sampling, Water pollution,
Tables(Data), 'Probability based matching systems,
Water pollution detection, Computer aided analysis.
PB83-232280 PC A08/MF A01
Updated Mutagencrty and Carclnogenlclty As-
sessment of Cadmium: Addendum to the Health
Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981)
EPA-600/8-81-023. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Larry D. Anderson, Steven Bayad, K. S. Lavappa,
Nancy A. Tanchel, and Todd W. Thorslund. 10 Jun 83,
151pEPA-600/8-83-025A
See also PB82-115163.
This draft document evaluates the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of cadmium, supplementing an earlier
document (Health Assessment Document for Cadmi-
um, May 1981) which dealt with all health effects.
Since the earlier document was prepared, a rat inhala-
tion carcinogenicity study has been reported and sev-
eral epidemiology and mutagenicity papers have been
published. This draft document tentatively concludes
that: (1) there is evidence suggesting that cadmium
and certain cadmium compounds are weakly mutagen-
ic; (2) cadmium chloride aerosol induces lung cancer in
rats; (3) injected cadmium salts induce injection site
sarcomas and testicular tumors in both mice and rats;
(4) there is limited epidemiologic evidence that inhaled
cadmium induces prostate and/or lung cancer in
highly exposed workers; (5) there Is no evidence that
cadmium is carcinogenic via ingestion, which is a
major route of human exposure, and the upper-limit of
potency via ingestion is at least 200 times less than via
inhalation.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Aero-
sols, Malignant neoplasms, Lung, Mutagenesis, Car-
cinogenesis, 'Toxic substances, Cancer, Health risks.
PB83-232306 PC A14/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Ar-
senic. External Review Draft Draft rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Hearth and Environmental Assessment.
Paul Mushak, Magnus Piscator, and Donna J. Sivulka.
Jun 83.308p EPA-600/3-83-021A
This document summarizes current scientific informa-
tion regarding the effects of inorganic arsenic on man
and the environment. The observed effects, as pre-
sented herein, constitute the health basis from which
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will make
determinations regarding regulatory initiatives pursu-
ant to the Clean Air Act. Specifically, this document
discusses the following topics-physical and chemical
properties of Inorganic arsenic; environmental distribu-
tion and cycling; inorganic arsenic metabolism, toxicol-
ogy and essentiality-and identifies the factors most
germane to assessing quantitative and qualitative
human health risks.
Keywords: 'Arsenic inorganic compounds, 'Public
health, 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Toxicology, Risk,
Assessments, Exposure, Metabolism, Epidemiology,
Absorption, Malignant neoplasms, Mutagens, In vrvo
analysis, Water pollution, Soils, Food, Potable water,
'Air pollution etfects(Humans), Cancer.
PB83-233270 PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Motor Vehicle and Other Combus-
tion Emissions Using Short-Term Genetic Bloas-
says,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Joellen Lewtas. Jul 83, 20p
Short-term genetic bioassays have been useful in eval-
uating uregulated organic combustion emissions from
motor vehicles. Identification of mutagens and car-
cinogens in complex exhaust emissions has been
greatly facilitated by the use of bioassay-directed frac-
tionation and characterization methods. It has also
been possible to evaluate the effect of fuels, engine
types, and control technologies on the rates of muta-
genic emissions from motor vehicles. Greater differ-
ences in the rate of mutagenic emissions have been
observed between different engines (e.g., diesel vs.
gasoline) and control technologies (e.g., with and with-
out catalyst) than between different fuels. A compara-
tive evaluation of various combustion sources indi-
cates that motor-vehicle emissions make a major con-
tribution to the mutagenicity observed in ambient air.
Keywords: 'Bioassays, 'Exhaust emissions, •Muta-
gens, 'Carcinogens, 'Combustion products, 'Organic
compounds, Fuels, Engines, Air pollution control, Dis-
tillation, Sources, Comparison, Assessments, Toxicity,
Chemical analysis, Stationary sources, Salmonella ty-
phimurium.
PB83-23339S PC A11 / MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Biology of Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte Com-
munities In the Lower Chesapeake Bay. Volume 3.
Interactions of Resident Consumers In a Temper-
ate Estuarlne Sesgrass Community: Vaucluse
Shores, Virginia,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Robert J. Orth, and Jacques van Montgrans. Jun 83,
241pEPA-600/3-83-047
Contract EPA-R-805974
As a part of the Functional Ecology Program on
Chesapeake Bay submerged aquatic vegetation
(SAV), this study investigated infaunal and epifaunal
trophic dynamics. The main study area established for
investigating the functional ecology of resident con-
sumers in the lower Chesapeake Bay was a large
grass bed located at Vaucluse Shores on the baysioe
of Virginia's eastern shore. The bed contained the two
dominant lower Bay macrophyte species, Zostera
marina and Ruppia maritime; and the bed was large
enough to simultaneously accommodate varied stud-
ies and sampling regimes. This bed was intensively
mapped in 1978 and 1979, and permanent transects
were established for sampling reference points.
Keywords: 'Plant ecology, *Sea grasses. 'Estuaries,
'Chesapeake Bay, Sampling, Vegetation. Boundaries,
Abundance, Cores, Sites, Life cycles, Mollusca, Ocean
tides, Graphs(Charts), Birds, 'Zostera marina, Ruppia
maritime, Predation, Species diversity.
PB83-233676 PC A04/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response of Skinner Lake (Indiana) to Agricultur-
al Drainage. Final rept. 1978-82,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries
and Wildlife.
C. D. McNabb, B. J. Premo, F. C. Payne, T. R.
Batterson, and J. R. Craig. Jul 83.61 p EPA-600/3-83-
GrantEPA-R-805046
During 1976-1981, various land management prac-
tices were initiated on the agricultural watershed of
Skinner Lake in Noble County/Indiana. Land treatment
practices implemented on the watershed were chosen
from the data and experience gained from the non-
point source pollution study of Black Creek in Allen
County, Indiana. Practices included use of settling
basins, conservation tillage, group tile mains, terraces,
livestock exclusions, diversions, grassed waterways,
and planting vegetation on critical erosion sites.
Keywords: -Runoff, 'Agricultural wastes, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Skinner Lake, Cultivation, Fertilizing, Water-
sheds, Terracing, Vegetation, Planting,
LagoonstPonds), Indiana, *Eutrophication, Nonpoint
sources, Noble County(lndiana).
December 1983 1505
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-233684 PC A04/MF A01
Quantitative Mineral Assessment and Radlonu-
cllde Retention Potential of Atlantic 3800-Meter
Nuclear Waste Dumpslte Sediments. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
James Neiheisel. Mar 83, 57p EPA-520/1-83-003
Seven Box core sediment samples were obtained from
the 3800-meter low-level radioactive waste dumpsite
located 320 km off the New York coast in the main axis
of the Hudson canyon. Sorptive minerals in the sedi-
ment were calculated from the texture grain-size curve
and separate mineral evaluations of the sand, silt, and
clay-size fractions. The sorption mechanism of some
of the radionuclides are strongly influenced by pH, Eh
(redox potential), presence of Fe and Mn, organics,
and ligands. These factors should be known in addition
to percentages of sorptive minerals for assessment of
sediment retention potential of sediments for radionu-
clides of concern in the low-level waste form.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, "Sediments, 'Miner-
als, Assessments, Clay minerals, Sorption, Sites,
Chemical analysis, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Molecular structure, Comparison, 'Ocean
waste disposal, 'Radioactive waste storage. Natural
emissions, Distribution coefficients.
PB83-233726 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Instrumentation for Monitoring
Carbon Fiber Emission. Final rept. 1 Sep 79-1 Feb
82,
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo
Beach, CA. Systems Engineering and Development
Div.
D. L. Tague. Jul 83, 77p EPA-600/3-83-056
Contract EPA-68-02-3273
This document reports the design of an electrical in-
strument which utilizes a variable capacitance in one
leg of an R-C feedback network to provide discrimina-
tory information regarding the air stream paniculate
materials. Sufficient testing was performed on the
breadboard to validate system concept. The current in-
strument is counting fiber mass and indicating fiber di-
ameters to yield an approximate count of individual
fibers. Its operational range has a lower limit of 10000
fiber/cu m and an upper limit internally restricted for
this breadboard state to 2 x 10 to the 8th power fibers/
cu m. The program scope did not allow completion of a
prototype design; therefore, emphasis is placed on
recommendations to complete design efforts.
Keywords: 'Monitors, 'Carbon fibers, "Particles, 'Air
pollution, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB83-234062 PC A05/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Environmental Study of Active ana Inactive Urani-
um Minn and Their Effluents - Part 1,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. G. Droppo, P. O. Jackson, P. W. Nickola, R. W.
Perkins, and G. A. Sehmel. Aug 80,85p PNL-3069-PT-
1.EPA-CR-80-2-PT-1
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830
See also PB83-234070.
The purpose of this short-term study has been: (1) to
develop broad bases; and (2) to obtain new informa-
tion relevant to the needs of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. These data bases are required to provide
information for the Clean Air Act and the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act. This report, Part 1,
deals specifically with four tasks associated with the
Clean Air Act. They are: (1) Effect of bulkheadingor fill-
ing underground mines on radon emission; (2) Radon
daughter equilibrium at various distances from exhaust
vents of underground uranium mines; (3) Incentives for
using elevated release points to reduce ground level
radon concentrations from underground uranium
mines; (4) A study of the contribution of multiple radon
sources in the Ambrosia Lake District, New Mexico, to
concentrations at selected locations.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Radon,
Mines(Excavations), Environmental impacts, Radiation
hazards, Tailings, Radioactive wastes, 'Uranium
mines, Uranium mills, Clean Air Act.
PB83-234070 PC A11/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Environmental Study of Active and Inactive Mines
and Their Effluents - Part 2,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. G. Droppo, P. 0. Jackson, E. A. Lepel, M. L. Mauch,
and K. K. Nielson. Aug 80,238p PNL-3069-2-PT-2,
EPA-CR-80-2-PT-2
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
See also PB83-234062.
This report, Part 2, deals specifically with twelve tasks
associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act. They are: (1) Physical and chemical char-
acterization of resuspended materials from ore,
subore, and overburden material; (2) Radon and other
constituents in mine water and exhaust vents; (3) Tho-
rium content of overburden, subore, and ore; (4) Analy-
sis of pollutants in aqueous effluents and wastes; (5)
Trace elements and radionuclides in surface run-off
from ore, subore, and overburden piles; (6) Radon
emission from inactive underground uranium mines;
(7) Radon exhalation from ore, subore, and overbur-
den from an inactive uranium mine; (8) Site mapping;
(9) Gamma mapping; (10) Soil sampling; (11) Chemical
constituents of mill tailings leachates; (12) Chemical
and radiochemical composition of airborne particu-
lates downwind from a uranium tailings pile.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants,
Mines(Excavations), Radon, Thorium, Radioactive
wastes, Radioactivity, Site surveys, Soil analysis,
Gamma rays, "Uranium mines, Uranium mills, Mill tail-
ings, Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, Radi-
onuclide migration.
PB83-234120 PC A18/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from High-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background Informa-
tion for Proposed Standards. Draft environmental
impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 83,402p EPA-450/3-83-009A
See also PB83-234138.
Standards of performance to control emissions of inor-
ganic arsenic from new and existing primary copper
smelters processing feed materials containing an
annual average of 0.7 percent or greater arsenic are
being proposed under Section 112 of the Clean Air
Act. This document provides information on the back-
ground and authority, regulatory alternatives consid-
ered, and environmental and economic impacts of the
regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Arsenic inorganic compounds, 'Smelters, 'Air pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Econom-
ic impacts, Regulations, Substitutes, Water pollution,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Copper
smelters, 'Standards of performance, Stationary
sources, Solid wastes, State implementation plans,
Fugitive emissions.
PB83-234138 PC A21/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Low-Arsenic
Primary Copper Smelters - Background Informa-
tion for Proposed Standards. Draft environmental
impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 83,490p EPA-450/3-83-010A
See also PB83-234120.
Standards of performance to control emissions of inor-
ganic arsenic from new and existing primary copper
smelters processing feed materials containing an
annual average of less than 0.7 percent arsenic are
being proposed under Section 112 pf the Clean Air
Act. This document provides information on the back-
ground and authority, regulatory alternatives consid-
ered, and environmental and economic impacts of the
regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Arsenic inorganic compounds, "Smelters, "Air pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Econom-
ic impact, Regulations, Substitutes, Water pollution,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Copper
smelters, "Standards of performance, Stationary
sources, Solid wastes, State implementation plans,
Fugitive emissions.
PB83-234146 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Economic Impact of Regulating Chlorofluorocar-
bon Emissions from Aerosols: A Retrospective
Study,
JACACorp., Fort Washington, PA.
Faith H. Ando, and Charles R. Marshall. Apr 83,334p
EPA-560/4-83-001
Contract EPA-68-01-6043
In May of 1977, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, along with the Food and Drug Administration
and the Consumer Product Safety Commission, pro-
posed a time table for the phase-out of the use of
chlorofluorocarbons for nonessential aerosol uses.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic
impact and cost estimates in the original economic
impact studies and to construct estimates of the actual
economic burden imposed once the total ban had
taken effect. EPA's intention in sponsoring this study
was to improve its ability to conduct similar economic
analyses by examining how markets actually respond-
ed to a product ban regulation. The study was not in-
tended to address prpspectively the economic costs
and benefits of continuing the aerosol ban.
Keywords: "Economic impact, "Regulations, "Aero-
sols, Cost analysis, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fluorine organic compounds,
Profits, Losses, Demand(Economics), Prices, Market
research, Compressed air, Carbon dioxide, Market
value, Manufacturing, Containers, Investments,
Graphs(Charts), Industries, 'Freons.
PB83-234153 PC A13/MF A01
Supplemental Final Environmental Impact State-
ment Dolet Hills Lignite Mine Project De Soto
Parish Louisiana (A Supplement to the Dolet Hills
Power Plant EIS).
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Jul 83,285p EPA/906/9-83-007
The Supplemental Final Environmental Impact State-
ment (SFEIS) was prepared as part of the 'tiering' con-
cept, and is intended to supplement the Dolet Hills
Power Plant Project Draft EIS and Final EIS in which
Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO)
and Central Louisiana Electric Company, Inc. (CLECO)
evaluated alternative power plant designs and mine-
mouth siting options around a 211.1 million ton lignite
reserve. The Dolet Hills Mining Venture (DHMV) pro-
poses to construct and operate a 29,573 acre surface
lignite mine and related ancillary facilities. EPA is con-
sidering the issuance or denial of a New Source
NPDES permit for the alternatives evaluated, including
no action. The SFEIS documents coordination activi-
ties since the supplemental draft EIS, includes revi-
sions in response to comments, and presents EPA's
and DHMV's preferred alternatives.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, 'Lignite, 'Environmental
impact statements-final. Air pollution, Noise pollution,
Vegetation, Construction, Wildlife, Forest land, Ero-
sion, Land use, Ecology, Louisiana, Habitats, *De Soto
Parish(Louisiana).
PB83-234806 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Study of Mlcroblal Aerosols Emitted from a Water
Reclamation Plant Final rept. Jul 78-Oct 81,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL
Kerby F. Fannin, and S. C. Vana. Jul 83,133p EPA-
600/1-83-013
Grant EPA-R-806062
Prepared in cooperation with I IT Research Inst., Chica-
go, IL.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the
occurrence of selected microorganisms in the air in the
vicinity of the O'Hare Water Reclamation Plant
(OWRP), Des Plaines, Illinois. The contribution of the
OWRP to ambient microbial aerosols was determined
by comparing baseline, or preoperational, observa-
tions during fall and spring/summer months to those
made after operation was initiated. Three sampling
sites were positioned <150 m, 150 to 250 m, and
>250 m downwind, while one location was upwind of
the center of the two-stage activated sludge aeration
tanks. Under the operating conditions present during
this study, however, the probability of community ex-
1506 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
posure to bacterial aerosols, above that experienced
before plant operations, is not significantly increased
by the plant. Aerosols containing coliphages are, how-
ever, higher at or near the plant perimeter.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, "Microorganisms, 'Sewage
treatment, *Air pollution, Exposure, Public health, Illi-
nois, Sites, Sampling, Aerobic bateria, Coliform bacte-
ria, Cpliphage, Viruses, Wind direction, Aeration, Wind
velocity, Temperature, Humidity, Tables(Data), Activat-
ed sludge treatment, "O'Hare Water Reclamation
Plant, Air pollution sampling, Des Plaines(lllinois), Met-
ropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago System.
PB83-234914 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
Enteric Virus Removal In Wastewater Treatment
Lagoon Systems. Final rept.,
Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Develop-
ment Lab., Fort Detrick, MD.
Howard T. Bausum, Stephen A. Schaub, William E.
Rose, and Paul H. Gibbs. Jul 83,65p EPA/600/1-83-
012
Indigenous enteric virus removal from raw wastewater
was examined In facultative and partially aerated treat-
ment lagoon systems at paired sites In the southwest,
southeast, and north central regions of the U.S. The
virus samples were concentrated from large
wastewater volume using the bentonite adsorptlon-
elutlon technique and assayed by the plaque tech-
nique on BGM, HeLa and RD cells. Temporally related
samples were collected from the influent wastewater
and the effluent from the first and second pond In
series in each system. In facultative lagoon systems,
virus reductions of over 95 percent were observed as
combined season averages. In all seasons, the great-
est contribution to virus removal occurred In the first
pond of each system. In partially aerated lagoon sys-
tems, effluent virus levels during the summer test
period were comparable to those In the facultative sys-
tems. Also, In the aerated systems the greatest remov-
al occurred in the second, or non-aerated, part of the
system, characterized by longer retention times.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Viruses, 'Sewage
treatment. Removal, Aeration, Bioassay. Separation,
Bentonite, Adsorption, Summer, Coliform bacteria,
Feces, Performance evaluation, Design, United
States.
PB83-234922 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle, Park, NC.
Development of a Contlnous Monitor for Detec-
tion of Toxic Organic Compounds. Final rept. Oct
81-Oct82,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
T. Hadeishi, R. Mclaughlin. J. Millaud, and M. Pollard.
Jul 63,91 p EPA-600/4-83-034
The goal of the present program was the design, con-
struction, and delivery to EMSL/RTP of a small contin-
uous monitor for benzene and other organic com-
pounds based upon Tunable Atomic Line Molecular
Spectrosopy. The most limiting design factor was
found to be the detection limit of the Instrument. To im-
prove this limiting factor, some new developments
were Investigated. These developments have im-
proved the sensitivity of the TALMS benzene monitor
by a factor of 100 to a detection limit of 3 ppm-v ben-
zene. The instrument that was delivered to EMSL/RTP
Is compact in size (41 inches in length) and weight (75
Ibs.) and requires a modest amount of power (125
watts). It was supplied with a permanent magnet of
field strength 7 kG (0.7T) and utilizes the Hg 253.6 nm
line. It can be equipped with a monochromator and is
designed to interface with a Hewlett-Packard 85 com-
puter. A cryogenic concentrator was designed for use
wtth instrument.
Keywords: 'Monitors, *Air pollution, 'Organic com-
pounds, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Trace elements, Zeeman effect. Benzene, Chloroben-
zenes, 'Tunable atomic line molecular spectroscopy,
'Air pollution detection, 'Toxic substances, Computer
aided analysis.
PB83-234930 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Studies of Waterborne Agents of Viral Gastroen-
teritis. Final rept. Feb 79-Feb 81,
Vermont Univ., Burlington. Coll. of Medicine.
Ralphael Dolin. Jul 83,39p EPA-600/1-83-011
Grant EPA-R-806546
The etiologic agent of a large outbreak of waterborne
viral gastroenteritis was detected employing immune
electron microscopy (IEM) and a newly developed
solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). This agent, re-
ferred to as the Snow Mountain Agent (SMA), is 27-32
nm. in diameter, has cubic symmetry, and is morpholo-
gically similar to, but antigentically distinct from the
previously described Norwalk and Hawaii agents. After
an incubation period of 18 to 48 hours, the agent is
shed in stools of acutely ill individuals for a period of
one to five days. Employing both IEM and RIA, serum
antibody rises were observed in 3/3 naturally occur-
ring cases and in 8/9 cases of experimentally-induced
illness in normal volunteers (the studies in normal vol-
unteers had been carried out prior to the initiation of
studies supported by this grant). IEM and RIA ap-
peared to be equally sensitive for detection of antibody
rises, but the RIA was more sensitive than IEM for the
detection of SMA in stool specimens. Preliminary at-
tempts to cultivate the agent in vitro were unsuccess-
ful.
Keywords: 'Viral diseases, Etiology, Gastrointestinal
diseases, Water pollution, Electron microscopy, De-
tection, Antibodies, 'Disease vectors, 'Pollutant iden-
tification, Radioimmunoassay, Snow Mountain Agent,
'Gastroenteritis.
PB83-234948 PC A06/MF A01
Revisions to Continuous Emission Monitoring
Systems. Performance Specflcatlons 2 and 3 •
Summsry of Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 82,80p EPA-450/3-82-022
This document contains introductory material regard-
ing the proposed revisions (January 26, 1981, 46 FR
8352) to Performance Specifications 2 and 3. The
changes made to the proposed revisions are listed
along with the comments received and the Administra-
tor's responses to those comments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, 'Oxygen, 'Carbon dioxide, 'Perform-
ance standards, Substitues, National government,
State government, 'Stationary sources. 'Air quality.
PB83-235002 PC A05/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Nickel. External
Review Draft. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Paul Mushak. Annemarie Crocetti, Donna J. Slvulka,
and Steven Baynard. May 83,77p EPA-600/8-83-
012B
See also PB83-213827.
This document is concerned with the current data
base for nickel toxicology most relevant for assessing
associated human health risks and includes informa-
tion on the metabolism of nickel as it relates to the ex-
pression of nickel toxicity or other aspects of potential
regulatory concern. This document is not meant to be
an exhaustive review of all available literature regard-
ing the toxicity of nickel.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Public health, 'Environmental
surveys, Toxicology, Water pollution, Risk, Soil analy-
sis, Food analysis, Cigarettes, Air pollution, Laboratory
animals, Epidemiology, Assessments, Malignant neo-
plasms, Regulations, Exposure, Metals, Quantitative
analysis, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
•Health risks, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals,
Cancer.
PB83-235564 PC A25/MF A01
Study of the Relationship between Exhaust Emis-
sions and Fuel Economy. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Jensen P. Cheng, Larry C. Landman, and Robert D.
Wagner. May 83, 582p EPA/AA/CTAB/TA/83-2
This report examines the relationship between exhaust
emissions and fuel economy of automobiles. Exam-
ined are vehicle characteristics such as driveability,
performance, costs, octane requirements, and produc-
tion lead time. Also included is past EPA reports on
fuel economy and exhaust emissions, a literature
search identifying other pertinent reports and finally
the 1981 automobile fleet was examined and its fuel
economy and exhaust emissions performance was as-
sessed.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel
consumption, *Air pollution, Correlation techniques.
Regression analysis, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), Internal combustion engines, Design cri-
teria, Computer applications.
PB83-236091 PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acidic Deposition and the Corrosion and Deterio-
ration of Materials in the Atmosphere: A Bibliogra-
phy, 1880-1982,
Bureau of Mines, Avondale, MD. Avondale Research
Center.
D. R. Flinn, S. D. Cramer, J. P. Carter, P. K. Lee, and S.
I. Sherwood. Jul 83,564p* EPA-600/3-83-059
Sponsored in part by National Park Service, Washing-
ton, DC.
The bibliography contains more than 1300 article cita-
tions and abstracts on the effects of acidic deposition,
air pollutants, and biological and meteorological fac-
tors on the corrosion and deterioration of materials In
the atmosphere. The listing includes citations for the
years 1950 to 1982, with selected citations for the
years 1880 to 1949. The citations are catalogued by
year In six sections for metallic materials-ferrous ma-
terial, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc and galvanized
steel, and other metals-and six sections for non-me-
tallic materials-masonry, stone and ceramics, elas-
tomers, fabrics, paints, plastics, and other nonmetals.
An author Index and an index of chemical, biological,
and meteorological variables are provided.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Corrosion, 'Deterioration,
Aluminum, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Steels, Ceramics,
Elastomers, Fabrics, Paints, Plastics, 'Foreign tech-
nology, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB83-236S13 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Correlation of Rsmote and Wet Chemical Sam-
pling Techniques for Hydrogen Fluoride from
Qypsum Ponds. Final rept. Mar 79-Jun 81,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
Howard F. Schiff, Daniel Bause, John Fitzgerald, Mark
McCabe, and Dan Montanaro. Jun 81,112p GCA-TR-
76-G, EPA-340/1 -80-019
Contract EPA-68-01-4143
For several years, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has used the Remote Optical Sensing
of Emissions (ROSE) system to characterize the gase-
ous pollutants emitted by a variety of point and ex-
tended area sources. The purpose of this program was
to extend the data base of this versatile and promising
pollutant sensor by comparing the data generated by
the ROSE system with data generated by standard
techniques for the sampling and analysis of hydrogen
fluoride. The program was divided into five phases in-
cluding a literature review, pretest survey, sampling
and analytical trials in the laboratory, preliminary field
phase, and the final, collaborative field phase. The
field sampling efforts were conducted along gypsum
ponds at two phosphate fertilizer facilities. For the
formal sampling phase, both the double filter cassette
and sodium bicarbonate-coated tube were used for the
point sampling. The point sampling effort was conduct-
ed simultaneously with the operation of the ROSE
system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas detectors, 'Hydrogen
fluoride, 'Ponds, Remote sensing, Infrared spectrom-
eters, Optical interferometers, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Gas
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Col-
orimetry, Fertilizers, Gypsum, 'Remote optical sensing
of emissions system, *Alr pollution sampling, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Long
path optical measurements, Wet methods, ROSE
system.
December 1983 1507
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-236885 Not available NTIS
Mutagenlc and Carcinogenic Potency of Extracts
of Diesel and Related Environmental Emissions:
Study Design, Sample Generation, Collection, and
Preparation (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, R. L. Bradow, R. H. Jungers, B. D. Harris,
and R. B. Zweidinger. C1981,8p EPA-600/J-81-647
See also PB83-149328.
Pub. in Environmental International, v5 p383-387
1981.
A major diesel emissions research program has been
initiated by the US Environmental Protection Agency to
assess the human health risk associated with in-
creased use of diesel automobiles. This program is in-
tended to establish the mutagenic and carcinogenic
potency of complex organics associated with diesel
particles as well as comparative particle-bound organ-
ics from other environmental emissions for which
human epidemiological data are available. The mobile
source samples selected for this study were collected
from a heavy-duty diesel engine, a series of light-duty
diesel passenger cars, and a gasoline catalyst auto-
mobile. The comparative source samples incorporated
into the study were cigarette smoke condensate, coke
oven emissions, roofing tar emissions, and benzo
pyrene. The samples were tested using three muta-
genic assays and four carcinogenic assays as pre-
scribed by a test matrix. This report describes the
study design, particle generation, and sample collec-
tion and preparation. A brief summary of the bioassays
is also included.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, "Toxicology, Bioas-
say, Exposure, Epidemiology, Reprints, Mutagenesis,
Carcinogenesis, 'Diesel engine exhaust, * Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB83-236893 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Worker Exposure to Paraquat and Dlquat. Journal
article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Affred, FL.
G. A. Wojeck, J. F. Price, H. N. Nigg, and J. H.
Stamper. C1983, 9p EPA-600/J-83-028
Grant EPA-R-806474
Also pub. as Florida Agricultural Experiment Station,
Gainesville Journal Series No. 3608.
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p65-70 1983.
Exposure of workers applying paraquat to fields of to-
matoes and citrus, and diquat to waterways containing
water hyacinths and hydrilla, was monitored with
dermal alpha cellulose pads attached at each of ten
body locations and with personal air monitors. Estimat-
ed total body exposure for tomato applicators was ap-
parently influenced by tractor type. Diquat applicators
received minimal exposure. Urine samples collected
periodically for all workers were, with one exception,
without detectable pesticide contamination. Use of dis-
posable coveralls and regularly washed impermeable
gloves should effectively reduce exposure.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Pesticides, Farm crops, Exposure, Toxicity, In-
spection, Hazardous materials, Protective clothing,
Citrus fruits, Tomatoes, Urine, Reprints, "Paraquat her-
bicide, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and
health, 'Diquat.
PB83-236901 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Analysis of Fly Ash Produced from Combustion of
Refuse-Derived Fuel and Coal Mixture* (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
David R. Taylor, Michael A. Tompkins, Sara E. Kirton,
Triad Mauney, and David F. S. Natusch. c1982,10p
EPA-600/J-82-378
Grants EPA-R-803950, EPA-R-806051
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 16(3),
P148-1541982.
Mixtures of coal and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) were
burned and the fly ash was collected and analyzed for
concentration trends with respect to RDF/coal ratio
and particle size. RDF contributes more Cs, Mn, Sb,
and Pb to the fly ash while coal contributes greater
amounts of As, Br, Fe, Hf, Ni, Sc, V, and the rare
earths Smaller particles in the RDF fly ash had higher
concentrations of As, Cd, Ga, K, Na, Sb, and the rare
earths RDF fly ash contains four distinct morpholo-
gies, exhibits a high specific surface area, and does
not resemble fly ash derived from a conventional coal-
Keywords: 'Wind(Meteorology), 'Weather stations,
'Ohio River Valley, Measurement, Tables(Data),
Slope, Correlation, Air quality, Topographic maps,
Wind direction, Graphs(Charts), Wind roses.
plain the high solubility of many species in the RDF-
rich fractions. (Copyright (c) 1982 American Chemical
Society).
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Chemical analysis, 'Coal, Mix-
tures, Blends, Particle size, Surfaces, Electric power
plants, Solubility, Air pollution, Rare earth elements,
Metals, Reprints, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Air pollution
detection. Coal fired power plants, Solid wastes.
PB83-237057 PC A13/MF A01
Damages and Threats Caused by Hazardous Ma-
terial Sites. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Oil and Special Materials Control Div.
Jan 80,283p EPA/430/9-80/004
This document is a partial compilation of damages and
threats from hazardous waste sites in the United
States. It was compiled only from data readily available
to EPA during Feb. and March of 1980. The damages
covered in the more than 350 site descriptions con-
tained in this report included ground water contamina-
tion, drinking water well closures, fish kills, property
damage from fires and explosions and kidney disor-
ders, cancer and death.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, Sites, Damage assessment, Potable water,
Carcinogens, Public health, Environmental impacts,
StatesfUnited States), Pesticides, Paper mills, Dump-
ing, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Organic solvents, Chromi-
um, States(United States), Fishkills.
PB83-237214 PC A02/MF A01
Economic Impact of Acid Rain Legislation on Illi-
nois.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Air Quality Planning Section.
May 83,25p IEPA/APC/83-010, AQPSTR-83-2
This report estimates the cost to Illinois economy of
complying with acid rain control legislation that would
require an eight million ton reduction in sulfur dioxide
within the 31 most eastern states. It is a strictly proven-
tial cost analysis; no benefits were included. Compre-
hensive impacts on Illinois economy were calculated
using the Illinois Forecasting and Simulation Model, an
econometric model of the state economy developed
by Regional Economic Models, Inc. of Amherst, Mas-
sachusetts.
Keywords: "Economic impact, "Illinois, "Air pollution
control, "Regulations, Forecasting, Sulfur dioxide,
Mathematical models, "Acid rain.
PB83-237263 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Statistical Correlations of Surface Wind Data: A
Comparison between a National Weather Service
Station and a Nearby Aerometrlc Monitoring Net-
work. Final rept.,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
John E. Langstaff, Anthony D. Thrall, and Mei-Kao Liu.
Jul 83,151p EPA-600/4-83-035
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Prepared in cooperation with Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, CA.
This report presents a statistical analysis of wind data
collected at a network of stations in the Southeast
Ohio River Valley. The purpose of this study is to deter-
mine the extent to which wind measurements made by
the National Weather Service (NWS) station at the Tn-
State Airport can be used to estimate the wind meas-
urements at network stations. A combined stratifica-
tion/regression analysis was conducted. The authors
show that NWS station measurements can be used to
gain an insight into the wind measurements at network
stations. The authors demonstrate that the wind data
collected at the airport can be used to provide input to
a complex-terrain wind model for estimating the sur-
face wind in the study area for periods prior to the es-
tablishment of the monitoring network.
PB83-237362
PC A10/MF A01
Need Survey, 1982. Conveyance, Treatment, and
Control of Municipal Wastewater, Combined
Sewer Overflows, and Stormwater Runoff: Sum-
maries of Technical Data. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
15 Jun 83,202p* EPA-430/9-83-002
See also PB82-131533.
This report is a part of the 1982 Needs Survey and is a
supplement to the cost estimate report to Congress
dated December 31, 1982. It provides detailed sum-
maries of the technical data collected during the
Survey for wastewater treatment and collection, com-
bined sewer overflow abatement, and treatment and/
or collection of Stormwater. A description of the 1982
Needs Survey methodology is presented in the re-
ports.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Municipalities,
Surveys, Combined sewers, Flow rate, Populations,
Sewage treatment, States(United States), Construc-
tion, Trickling filters, Activated sludge process, Aer-
ation, Tables(Data), 'Storm water runoff, Tertiary
treatment.
PB83-237461 PC A02/MF A01
Humidity Calculations Used for Mobile Source
Emission Testing. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
Eric Zellin. Feb 83, 18p EPA-AA-CPSB-83-01
This report provides a summary of the calculations
used to determine relative and specific humidity of
moisture in air for mobile source (motor vehicle and
engine) emission and fuel economy testing at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emis-
sions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The refer-
ence includes calculations required to determine the
saturation vapor pressure of water, psychrometric
equations used to calculate the partial pressure of
water vapor for wet-bulb psychrometers, and equa-
tions for the enhancement factor of water and ice. Also
included are the methods used from 1971 to the
present (1982).
Keywords: "Motor vehicle engines, "Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Humidity, Dew point, Hygrometers, Psychro-
meters, Vapor pressure.
PB83-237487 PC A02/MF A01
Humidity Measurement Comparison Tests - Dew
Point Hygrometer versus Wet Bulb Psychrometer.
Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. En-
gineering Operation Div.
Sherman D. Funk. Jan 83,15p EPA-AA-EOD-ES-83/1
This report examines the various tests made to char-
acterize and quantify causes of differences in results
between the dew point hygrometer and the wet bulb
psychrometer methods of measuring humidity. The
Environmental Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emis-
sions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan is implement-
ing the dew point hygrometer method in the Light Duty
test cells. Tests were necessary in order to identify any
potential impact on motor vehicle exhaust emissions
and fuel economy test results.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Humidity, "Measur-
ing instruments, Psychrometers, Hygrometers, Per-
formance evaluation.
PB83-238188 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA
Effects of Suspended Sediments on Penetration
of Solar Radiation Into Natural Waters. Final rept.
Feb 79-Dec 82,
California Univ., Santa Barbara.
Raymond C. Smith, Karen S. Baker, and J. Benjamin
Fahy. Jul 83, 53p EPA-600/3-83-060
Grant EPA-80637
Prepared in cooperation with Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
1508 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aquatic photochemical and photobiological processes
depend on both the amount and the spectral composi-
tion of solar radiation penetrating to depths in natural
waters. In turn, the depth of penetration, as a function
of wavelength, depends on the dissolved and sus-
pended material in these waters. The rates of photo-
Chemical transformation as well as the impact on pho-
tobiological processes, depends on the optical proper-
ties of these water bodies as determined by their dis-
solved and suspended material. In particular, because
photo-chemical processes are frequently governed by
radiation in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, the
optical properties of natural waters in this spectral
region are especially important. In this study, several
theoretical models were developed and some unique
experimental data were developed for the purpose of
characterizing the optical properties of various natural
waters. Particular emphasis was placed on optical
properties in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The
theoretical models, with imput of these data, can then
be used to calculate the rates of photochemical and
photobiological processes in various aquatic environ-
ments.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Suspended
sediments, 'Solar radiation, 'Oceans, 'Streams, Ul-
traviolet radiation, Optical properties, Depth, Penetra-
tion, Mathematical models, Monte Carlo method, Irra-
diance, 'Dissolved solids.
PB83-238261 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Algal-availability of Partlculate Phosphorua from
Dlffuaa and Point Sources In the Lower Great
Lake* Baaln. Journal article,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
T. C. Young, and J. V. DePinto. c1982,11 p EPA-600/
J-82-349
Grants EPA-R-807155, EPA-R-806817
Pub. In Hydrobiologia 91, p111 -1191982.
Control of phytoplankton production in the Great
Lakes can be achieved most efficiently by limiting
Inputs of biologically available P. The authors report
the results of studies performed to characterize the
chemical forms and availability to paniculate P in
wastewater and tributaries which enter the lower
lakes, the eroding bluffs which border Lake Erie, and
bottom samples from the near-shore of western Lake
Erie. Rates of release of available P were estimated
from a simple first-order model of the process, as ob-
served during algal bioassays. Available P in
wastewater samples, as a fraction of total paniculate
P, was affected minimally by wastewater treatment, In-
cluding chemical precipitation and filtration; it correlat-
ed wed with levels of total particulate P.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution
control, 'Great Lakes, Soil erosion, Waste water, Bio-
assay. Mathematical models, Reprints, Point sources.
PB83-238279 Not Available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Abundance Pattern* of Dlatomi on 'Cladophora'
In Lake Huron with Reaped to a Point Source of
Waatewater Treatment Plant Effluent. Journal arti-
cle,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Jan Stevenson, and E. F. Stoermer. 1982,14p EPA-
600/J-82-348
Grant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n1 p184-195
1982.
Epiphytic diatoms on Cladophora were collected from
July to September. 1979, at various distances from a
point source of municipal wastewater treatment efflu-
ent to Lake Huron. Diatom accumulation rates were
positively related to distance from the point source.
Despite higher nutrient concentrations nearest the
point source, low accumulation rates of Cladophora-
epiphyte assemblage biomass and epiphytic diatoms
indicated moderate growth inhibition by an undeter-
mined factor. Evaluation of epiphytic diatom popula-
tion abundance and ecology plus diatom taxocene
species diversity supported our conclusions. A curvilin-
ear relationship between diatom species diversity and
impacts of growth inhibition is proposed ana dis-
cuaaod. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great Lakes
Res., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Huron, Growth, Diatoms, Biomass, Abundance. Nutri-
ents, Sewage disposal, Mathematical models, Re-
prints, 'Cladophora, Point sources, Organic loading.
PB83-238287 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ecological Studies and Mathematical Modeling of
•Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 6. Seasonal and Spa-
tial Variation In Growth Kinetics. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Raymond P. Canale, Martin T. Auer, and James M.
Graham. 1982, 10p EPA-600/ J-82-375
Grant EPA-R-806600
See also PB83-238311.
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n1 p1 26-1 33
1982.
The routine output of a mathematical model for Clado-
phora growth provides a useful integration of the bio-
logical, chemical and physical factors involved, but af-
fords little information regarding the individual impor-
tance of key mechanisms. This manuscript describes
model calculations of the seasonal and spatial varia-
tion in the processes regulating the growth of Clado-
phora. The impact of light, temperature, internal phos-
phorus levels, and self-shading are described on a
seasonal basis. Seasonal cycles of Cladophora growth
and the distribution of the alga with respect to depth
are examined in terms of a critical energy balance be-
tween light-enhanced respiration and gross photosyn-
thesis.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Growth, 'Water pollution, *Lake
Huron, Concentration(Composition), Seasonal vari-
ations, Phosphorus, Underwater light, Temperature,
Depth, Respiration, Mathematical models, Photosyn-
thesis, Reprints, 'Organic loading, Standing crops.
PB83-238295 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ecological Studlea and Mathematical Modeling of
'Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 4. Photosynthesis
and Respiration a* Functions of Light and Tem-
perature. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Botany.
James M. Graham, Martin T. Auer, Raymond P.
Canale, and James P. Hoffmann. c1982, 14p EPA-
600/J-82-376
Grant EPA-R-806600
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Technological
Univ., Houghton. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Michi-
gan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n1 p100-1 11
1982.
Laboratory experiments were conducted with Clado-
phora glomerata isolated from Lake Huron near
Harbor Beach, Michigan, to determine gross and net
photosynthesis and respiration as functions of temper-
ature and light intensity. Rates of net photosynthesis
and respiration were measured in three replicate cul-
tures at all combinations of eight temperatures (1 to
35C) and eight light levels using oxygen electrode
techniques. Maximum net photosynthesis occurred
between 13 and 17C and 300 to 600 micrometersE/
m2 sec. The data were converted to specific rates of
growth and respiration for use in a mathematical
model, and three-dimensional response surfaces were
generated for gross and net growth and respiration
over the entire range of light levels and temperatures
examined.
Keywords: "Ecology, 'Algae, 'Water pollution. 'Lake
Huron, Mathematical models, Photosynthesis, Respi-
ration, Growth, Light(Visible radiation), Temperature,
Reprints, 'Cladophora glomerata.
PB83-238303
Not available NTIS
Ecological Studlea and Mathematical Modeling of
•Cladophora1 In Lake Huron: 5. Model Develop-
ment and Calibration. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Raymond P. Canale, and Martin T. Auer. 1 982 1 60
EPA-600/J-82-377 M
Grant EPA-R-806600
See also PB83-283311.
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 nl p1 12-125
1982.
The development of a mathematical model for calcu-
lating the spatial distribution and temporal variation in
Cladophora biomass and selected forms of phospho-
rus at a site on Lake Huron is described. The model is
intended for use in evaluating the utility of various
phosphorus management strategies in reducing the
nuisance growth of Cladophora in the Great Lakes.
The model is composed of a transport component
which accounts for bulk transfer and exchange of
phosphorus within the system and a kinetic compo-
nent which describes chemical and biological reac-
tions. The kinetic component includes the effects of
light, temperature, and internal phosphorus levels on
Cladophora growth rate, aspects of phosphorus
uptake, and the impact of sloughing and self-shading
on standing crop. The numerical value of coefficients
associated with kinetic equations have been inde-
pendently determined through laboratory studies. The
model has been calibrated to a data set collected in
the vicinity of the Harbor Beach, Michigan, wastewater
treatment plant. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great
Lakes Res., 1982.)
Keywords: *Algae, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Huron, Biomass, Phosphorus, Mathematical models,
Growth, Reaction kinetics, Underwater light, Tempera-
ture, Summer, Reprints, 'Cladophora, Organic loading.
PB83-238311 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ecological Studies and Mathematical Modeling of
'Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 7. Model Verification
and System Response. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Raymond P. Canale, and Martin T. Auer. 1962, lOp
EPA-600/J-82-353
Grant EPA-R-806600
See also PB83-238287.
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n1 p 134-143
1982.
This manuscript describes the verification of a calibrat-
ed mathematical model designed to predict the spatial
and temporal distribution of Cladophora about a point
source of nutrients. The study site was located at
Harbor Beach, Michigan, on Lake Huron. The model is
intended to have a widespread utility for evaluating the
impact of phosphorus removal on the nuisance growth
of Cladophora. Therefore, verification was attempted
by implementing phosphorus removal at the study site.
Phosphorus removal efficiencies at the Harbor Beach,
Michigan, wastewater treatment plant averaged 80-
90% following the implementation of alum precipita-
tion. The average loading of soluble reactive phospho-
rus was reduced from 1.35 kg P/day in 1979 to 0.20 kg
P/day in 1980. The standing crop, areal distribution,
and duration of abundance of Cladophora biomass
were considerably reduced in 1980. (Copyright (c) In-
ternal. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, "Lake
Huron, Phosphorus, Growth, Removal, Alums, Mathe-
matical models, Sewage disposal, Biomass, Biological
productivity, Reprints, 'Organic loading, Standing
crops.
PB83-2383S2 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Exposure of Florida Alrboat Aquatic Weed Appli-
cators to 2,4-Dtehlorophenoxyacatlc Acid (2,4-0).
Journal article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
ARred, FL
H. N. Bigg, and J. H. Stamper. C1983,9p EPA-600/J-
83-029
Grant EPA-R-806474
Pub. in Chemosphere, v12 p209-215 1983.
Florida airboat handgun applicators were monitored
for exposure to 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-
D). Four applicators were monitored with air samples,
alpha cellulose patches, and 24 hr urine samples on
10 separate days. Estimated total body exposure aver-
aged 15 + or - 2 mg/hr, of which 74% was to the legs
and feet with an additional 18% to the hands and
arms. Estimated respiratory exposure was about
0.03% of the total body exposure. Twenty-Four hr uri-
nary 2,4-D ranged from 0.190-0.645 mg. The use of
disposable coveralls and effective hand protection
would markedly reduce this exposure. (Copyright (c)
1983 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
December 1983 1509
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Pesticides, 'Aquatic plants, Exposure, Toxicity,
Inspection, Hazardous materials, Florida, Protective
clothing, Urine, Chlorine organic compounds, Spray-
ing, *D 2-4 herbicide, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health. Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy.
PB83-238550 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Valuing Reductions In Risks: A Review of the Em-
pirical Estimates - Summary. Final rapt.,
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
Daniel M. Violette, and Lauraine Q. Chestnut. Jun 83,
62p' EPA-230/05-83-003
Contract EPA-68-01-6596
See also PB83-238568.
This document summarizes the empirical estimates of
the values associated with changes in health risks.
Previous reviews have not included both the range of
estimates found by each study and the rationale for se-
lecting one estimate as better than another for policy
questions. The qualifications presented by the study
authors, along with their estimates and the context in
which they are estimated, are important for interpreting
the policy usefulness of these numbers. Prior reviews
give these considerations a cursory treatment and
when the estimates actually appear in policy assess-
ments, the qualifications tend to disappear entirely.
The result often has been inappropriate application of
the estimates and, even where applied properly, the
level of confidence policy makers should have in the
numbers generally has been left unstated. The main
report compiles the available empirical estimates and
documentation in one reference source, presents a
critical discussion of the estimates, and evaluates their
usefulness in environmental policy assessment. The
primary difference between the two versions is that
this summary does not contain a detailed technical dis-
cussion.
Keywords: 'Values, Estimates, Reduction, Risk, Public
health, Policies, 'Health risks.
PB83-238568 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Valuing Reductions In Risks: A Review of the Em-
pirical Estimates. Final rept..
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
Daniel M. Violette, and Lauraine G. Chestnut. Jun 83,
203p* EPA-230/05-83-002
Contract EPA-68-01-6596
See also PB83-238550.
This report assembles information on estimates of the
willingness to pay for changes in health risks. The goal
of this review is to provide enough detail on how each
study was conducted to allow the reader to have a true
feel for the different wlllingness-to-pay estimates and
their applicability to different policy questions. Other
reviews do not give the range of estimates found by
each study as well as the authors' rationale for select-
ing one estimate as better than another. The qualifica-
tions that the authors present, along with their esti-
mates and the context in which they are estimated, are
important for interpreting the policy usefulness of
these numbers. Most reviews give these consider-
ations a very cursory treatment and when the esti-
mates actually appear in policy assessments, the
qualifications tend to disappear entirely. The result has
been inappropriate application of the estimates and,
even where applied properly, the level of confidence
policy makers should have in the numbers has gener-
ally been left unstated. The purpose of this document
is to compile the available empirical estimates and
documentation in one reference source, present a crit-
ical discussion of the estimates, and discuss their use-
fulness in policy assessment. Many questions are
raised for which adequate empirical studies are not
available, but which point to useful avenues for future
research.
Keywords: 'Values, Estimates, Reviews, Statistical
data, Reduction, Risk, Public health, Policies. 'Health
care costs, 'Health risks, Health statistics.
PB83-238683 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Full-Scale Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon)
System Adlplc Acid Demonstration Program.
Volume 1. Process Results. Final rept. Jun 80-Nov
82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
0. W. Hargrove, Jr., J. D. Colley, R. L. Glover, and M. L.
Owen. Jun 83,390p RAD-82-213-012-36-VOL-1, EPA-
600/7-83-035A
Contract EPA-68-02-3191
See also Volume 2, PB83-238691.
The report culminates a series of projects sponsored
by the EPA, investigating the use of adipic acid as an
additive to enhance SO2 removal in aqueous flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) systems, using limestone rea-
gent. A 9-month program at the 194-MW Southwest
Power Plant (SWPP) of City Utilities, Springfield, MO,
demonstrated the effectiveness of adipic acid and di-
basic acids (the latter, by-products of the production of
adipic acid). The program examined the effect of adipic
acid addition on a limestone FGD system under natural
and forced-oxidation modes of operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Adipic acid, 'Sulfur
dioxide. Flue gases, Additives, Industrial wastes. Lime-
stone, Combustion products, Electric power plants,
Performance evaluation, Dibasic organic acids, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing, Springfield(Missouri), Flue gas desul-
furization.
PB83-238691 PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fuil-Scale Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon)
Syetem Adlplc Acid Demonstration Program.
Volume 2. Continuous Emissions Monitoring Re-
sults. Final rept. Jun 80-Nov 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
0. W. Hargrove, Jr., J. D. Colley, R. L Glover, and M. L.
Owen. Jun 83,599p RAD-82-213-012-36-VOL-2, EPA-
600/7-83-035B
Contract EPA-68-02-3191
See also Volume 1, PB83-238683.
The report culminates a series of projects sponsored
by the EPA, Investigating the use of adipic acid as an
additive to enhance SO2 removal in aqueous flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) systems, using limestone rea-
gent. A 9-month program at the 194-MW Southwest
Power Plant (SWPP) of City Utilities, Springfield, MO,
demonstrated the effectiveness of adipic acid and di-
basic acids (the latter, by-products of the production of
adipic acid). The program examined the effect of adipic
acid addition on a limestone FGD system under natural
and forced-oxidation modes of operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Adipic acid, 'Sulfur
dioxide, Tables(Data), Flue gases, Additives, Industrial
wastes, Limestone, Combustion products, Electric
power plants, Performance evaluation, Dibasic organic
adds, 'Limestone scrubbing, Springfleld(Mlssouri),
Rue gas desulfurizatJon.
PB83-238725 PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modeling of Simulated Photochemical Smog with
Kinetic Mechanisms. Final rept. Sep 79-Aug 82,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, J. P. Klllus, and R. G. Johnson. May 83,
329p EPA-600/3-83-043
Contract EPA-68-02-3281
This report supplements the following two journal arti-
cles: (1) J. P. Klllus and G. Z. Whitten, 'A Mechanism
Describing the Photochemical Oxidation of Toluene in
Smog,' Atmos. Environ., 16.1973-1988 (1982) and (2)
J. P. Killus and G. Z. Whitten, 'A New Carbon-Bond
Mechanism,' submitted to Environ. Sci. Techno!.,
1982. The supplemental material contained in this
report describes the computer modeling of smog
chamber data performed in three stages. First, a
mechanism was developed to describe the inorganic
chemistry and the chemistries of formaldehyde, acet-
aldehyde and PAN. Second, a series of mechanisms
for specific compounds was added to the standard
mechanism and experiments involving those com-
pounds were simulated. Third, a study of the back-
ground reactivity of smog chambers and unpolluted
troposphere: air was under taken to assess the biases
inherent in smog chamber experiments and to supply
Information for use in atmospheric modeling studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Smog, 'Reaction kinetics,
'Mathematical models, Test chambers, Inorganic
compounds, Photochemical reactions, Formaldehyde,
Acetaldehyde, Ethene, Propene, Xylenes, Methyl ethyl
ketone, Acetone, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Butane dione, Methylglyoxal.
PB83-238881 PC A04/MF A01
Study of Lead Pollution in Granite City, Madison
and Venice, Illinois.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Apr 83, 54p IEPA/APC/83-009
This is a study of lead exposure in the communities of
Granite City, Venice, and Madison. It was undertaken
because a secondary lead smelter has operated for
several decades where the three communities join.
The study uncovered very high levels of lead in the soil
around the smelter but blood samples of children and
adults living in a one-half mile radius of the smelter
showed no blood poisoning or unusually high lead
levels. Garden vegetables were also analyzed for lead
and drinking water records were also reviewed to help
gain a total picture of lead exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Environmental surveys,
Smelting, Illinois, Exposure, Soil analysis, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Food analysis, Water anal-
ysis, Potable water, Blood analysis, Sampling, Sites,
Public health, Toxicity, Absorption,
Concentration(Composition), 'Lead smelters, Heavy
metals, Granite City(lllinois). Madison(lllinois),
Venice(lllinois), State implementation plans, Land pol-
lution.
PB83-238949
PC AOS/MF A01
Guideline on the Meaning and Use of Precision
and Accuracy Data Required by 40 CFR Part 58,
Appendices A and B,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Raymond C. Rhodes. Jun 83, 76p EPA-600/4-83-023
The federal regulations for ambient air quality surveil-
lance were revised May 10, 1979, to Include require-
ments that states perform certain specified tests to
assess the precision and accuracy of their air pollution
measurement systems and report the results to EPA
routinely. This guideline document discusses the con-
cepts and definitions of precision and accuracy as they
relate to ambient air pollution measurement systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Gas monitors,
'Guidelines, 'Quality assurance, Performance evalua-
tion, State government, Field tests.
PB83-239020 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assistance Document for Sampling and
Analysis of Toxic Organic Compounds In Ambient
Air,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. M. Riggan. Jun 83,134p EPA-600/4-83-027
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
This project had as an objective the development of a
Technical Assistance Document (TAD) for sampling
and analysis of toxic organic compounds in ambient
air. The primary users of this document are expected
to be regional, state, and local environmental protec-
tion personnel who are faced with the need to deter-
mine ambient air quality for regulatory or information
gathering purposes. The TAD consists of the following
four sections: Introduction, Regulatory Issues Related
to Toxic Organic Monitoring, Guidelines for Develop-
ment of a Monitoring Plan, and Sampling and Analysis
State of the art. A topical Index is included to assist the
reader In locating the pertinent subject areas within the
document.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Gas analysis, 'Gas
sampling, Regulations, State government, Urban
areas, Rural areas. Quality assurances, Chemical anal-
ysis, 'Toxic substances, 'Air quality, 'Technical as-
sistance document, 'Air pollution detection, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, State of the art.
1510 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM3-239434 PC A06/MF A01
Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds In
Drinking Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
O.T. Love, Jr., R. J. Miltner, R. G. Eilers, and C. A.
Fronk-Leist. May 83,118p EPA-600/8-83-019
Volatile chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds
occur in both untreated and treated drinking water. Be-
cause volatilization is restricted, ground waters rather
than surface waters are more likely to have high con-
centrations of these compounds. This document re-
views properties, occurrence, and experience, particu-
larly laboratory and pilot scale, with the control of the
following compounds: tri- and tetrachloroethylene; cis-
and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; 1,1-dichloroethylene;
vinyl and methylene chloride; 1,1,1-tri-chloroethane;
1,2-dichloroethane; carbon tetrachloride; benzene;
chlorobenzene; 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene;
and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Conventional water treat-
ment will not generally reduce the concentrations of
these compounds, but they can be reduced by aer-
ation, adsorption on granular activated carbon or syn-
thetic resins, or combinations of these processes. Boil-
ing can also be effective for home treatment of these
contaminants.
Keywords: *Water treatment, 'Potable water, Ground
water, Aeration, Boiling, Tetrachloroethylene, Chloro-
methanes, Vinyl chloride, Chloroethanes, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Benzene, Chlorobenzenes, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, 'Volatile organic compounds, Granular
activated carbon treatment, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethyl-
ene/dichloro, Benzene/dichloro, Benzene/trichloro.
PM3-239450 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Optimum Engine for Methanol Utilization. Final
rept
Rfcardo Consulting Engineers Ltd., Shoreham-by-See
(England).
Apr 83.178p EPA-460/3-B3-005
Contract EPA-68-03-1647
TNI report details the work Rlcardo Consulting Engi-
neer! did In the designing, building and calibrating an
engine for methanol utilization Incorporating a Rlcardo
high compression ratio, compact chamber (HFICC)
combustion system. Recommendations for further
work are also Included.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Automotive fuela,
•Carttnols, Combustion chambers, Compression ratio,
Structural design, Performance evaluation, 'Foreign
technology, 'Methanol, Computer applications.
PM3-239533 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fugitive Emission Testing at the Koaovo Coal
Gasification Plant. Final task rept. Apr 79-Sep 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. L. Honerkamp, and D. A. Dalrymple. Jun 83,21 Op
EPA-600/7-83-036
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report summarizes results of a test program to
characterize fugitive emissions from the Kosovo coal
gasification plant in Yugoslavia, a test program Imple-
mented by the EPA In response to a need for repre-
eentative data on the potential environmental impacts
of Lurgl coal gasification technology. Major objectives
of the fugitive emissions assessment were to: (1) de-
termine the frequency of leak occurrence. (2) measure
leak rate* from leak sources, (3) estimate total fugitive
emissions from leakage, and (4) compare the results
to other fugitive emission test data. Study results show
similarities to results of fugitive emission testing In U.S.
oH refineries and organic chemical plants.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Air pollution. Leakage,
Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Sources,
Comparison. Design criteria, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composltk>n), Yugoslavia, 'Fugitive
emissions, KOSOVO process, Emission factors.
PB83-238715 PC A14
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Metropoli-
tan Topeka Proposed Wastewater Treatment Fa-
cilities, Shawnee County, Kansae,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Mary J. O'Donnell. Mar 83,309p EPA-907/9-83/001
Environmental effects of alternatives to abate
wastewater pollution in the twelve watersheds of the
Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Area were evaluated. Al-
ternatives considered for each watershed include: No
Action, rehabilitation of existing facilities (in areas al-
ready served by such facilities), modified collection/
treatment, and regionalized collection/transport Ad-
verse impacts of recommended alternatives are con-
struction-related erosion, sedimentation and riparian
habitat damage associated with construction of
sewers in stream corridors. Cost impacts will be mod-
erate. Beneficial impacts include surface and ground-
water quality improvement, elimination of failing septic
systems, and coordination of land use planning efforts.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Sewers, Environmental im-
pacts, Water pollution abatement, Soil erosion, Sedi-
mentation, Wildlife, Land use, Water quality, Septic
tanks, Ground water, Kansas, TopekafKansas),
'Sewage treatment plants, Alternative planning, Habi-
tats.
PB83-239723 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Nitrogen Dioxide on XenoblotJc Me-
tabolism In Animals,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, J. W. Illing, F. J. Miller, and D. E.
Gardner. Jul 83,12p EPA-600/D-83-062
Potential extrapulmonary effects of nitrogen dioxide
(N02) on hepatic xenobiotic metabolism were exam-
ined. Initial studies were conducted using pentobarbi-
tal (PEN) induced sleeping time (S.T.) in mice as an in-
dicator of integrated mechanisms of xenobiotic clear-
ance. A 3 hr. exposure to concentrations as low as
0.47 mg NO2/cu. m. (0,25 pom) caused a significant
Increase in PEN-lnduced S.T. In female mice. When
exposures were repeated for several days, the magni-
tude of the effect diminished. Investigation of sex sen-
sitivity indicated that female mice were affected by
acute exposure (3 hr./day, 1 or 2 days), but males
were not. It was also observed that a 4 day (3 hr./day)
exposure to 1.86 mg NO2/cu. m. (1.0 ppm) Induced
tolerance to the effects of 9.4 mg N02/eu. m. (5.0
ppm). Mechanisms for the Increase In PEN-lnduced
S.T. were sought by evaluating hepatic cytochrome P-
450 levels and the activity of 3 hepatic mixed function
oxidases (aniline hydroxylase. amlnopyrine N-demeth-
ylase and p-nitroanisole O-demethyjase) in female
mice exposed to concentrations of NO2 causing an in-
crease in PEN-induced S.T. No significant effects were
observed. A 3 hr. exposure to 9.4 mg NO2/cu. m. in-
creased cytochrome P-450 levels in the lung, but not
the liver, of rabbits.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Toxicology. Physiologi-
cal effects, Liver, Air pollution, Phenobarbltai, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Concentratlon(Composltlon), 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), Xenobiotic.
PB83-239731 PC A03/MF A01
Collection, Chemical FracMonatkm, and Mutage-
nlclty Bioaaaay of Ambient Air Partteutate,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Joellen Lewtas Huisingh, Michael Waters, Larry
Claxton, Alan Kolber, and Thomas Wolff. Jul 83,28p
EPA-600/D-81-286
See also PB82-233172. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
The Influence of industrialization and consequent In-
creased concentration of urban parttculate matter on
the incidence of cancer has long been a concern. The
first bioassays used to evaluate complex ambient air
samples were whole-animal carcinogenesis bioas-
says. In these studies, organic extracts of urban panic-
ulate matter were found to be carcinogenic in rodents.
Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
such as benzo(a)pyrene, were detected in these ex-
tracts; however, these compounds did not account tor
all of the carcinogenic activity reported.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology, Col-
lection, Sampling, Distillation, * Participates, Cancer,
Mutagenesis.
PBS3-239749 PC A02/MF A01
Cell-Mediated Mutagenesis, an Approach to
Studying Organ Specificity of Chemical Carcino-
gens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Robert Langenbach, and Stephen Nesnow. Jul 83,
18pEPA-600/D-83-029
A number of approaches have been employed to eluci-
date the causes of organ and species specificity. In the
earlier studies, homogenates of various tissues were
used to metabolically activate the chemical; however,
metabolite profiles, DNA-adduct profiles, and induced
mutagenic responses of cell homogenates differ from
those of intact cells. More recent studies have looked
at the nature of carcinogen metabolites and DNA-ad-
ducts formed in cells or tissues or at the nature and
persistence of DNA-adducts in in vivo tissues. Differ-
ences in the results from these various approaches
are apparent. In addition, the nature and amount of
DNA-adducts are only correlated with the biological re-
sponse expected in the tissue. The ability to measure a
biological response from system well as parameters
such as chemical metabolism, DNA adducts, DNA
repair, etc., would provide a useful system for elucidat-
ing some of the biological mechanisms leading to the
phenomena of specificity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology. *Cells(Biology), 'Carcino-
gens, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Invitro analysis. Re-
sponses, Chemical compounds, 'Mutagenesis,
'Organ specificity.
PB83-239766 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ecological Studies and Mathematical Modeling of
'Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 3. The Dependence
of Growth Rates on Internal Phosphorous Pool
Sbe (Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
Martin T. Auer. and Raymond P. Canale. c1982,10p
EPA-600/J-82-374
Qrant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Reseh 8(1), p93-991982.
The relationship between growth rate and internal
phosphorus pool size was examined using field popu-
lations of Cladophora gotmerata from Lake Huron.
Algal samples, representing a range of internal phos-
phorus concentrations, were harvested from the lake
and used for laboratory measurements of growth.
Rates of net photosynthesis and respiration were
measured under controlled conditions of light and tem-
perature using a dissolved oxygen (light/dark bottle)
technique. The net specific growth rate and respiration
rate were calculated from photosynthesis and respira-
tion measurements using a fixed stolchlometrfc rela-
tionship and the measured carbon content of the
algae. The maximum rates for net specific growth rate,
gross specific growth rate, and specific respiration rate
were 0.77,1,05, and 0.44 day, respectively. (Copyright
(c) Internal Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Ecology. 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Water
pollution, 'Lake Huron, Oxygen, Respiration, Mathe-
matical models, Nutrients, Carbon, Photosynthesis,
Btomass, Measurement, Reprints, 'Cladophora got-
merata.
PB83-239764 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ecotoglcal Studies and Mathematical Modeling of
•Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 1. Program Descrip-
tion and FMd Monitoring of Growth Dynamics
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
Martin T. Auer, Raymond P. Canale, H. Christopher
Qrundler. and Yuzuru Matsuoka. c1982.14p EPA-600/
J-82-372
Qrant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8(1), p73-83
1982.
A 3-year program was conducted to examine the ecol-
ogy of Cladophora gloroerata and to develop a mathe-
matical model useful in evaluating various manage-
ment strategies for the control of mis nuisance alga.
December 1983 1511
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This manuscript provides a detailed description of the
field program and study site in support of subsequent
papers dealing with the results of field monitoring, au-
tecological studies, calibration and verification of the
model, and the impact of a demonstration phosphorus
removal program of Cladophora growth. A municipal
wastewater treatment plant discharge at Harbor
Beach, Michigan, on Lake Huron has resulted in
severe nuisance conditions associated with the pres-
ence of Cladophora. An intensive field monitoring pro-
gram was established at the site to record weather
conditions daily, and levels of dissolved and stored
phosphorus and standing crop of Cladophora on a
weekly basis. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great
Lakes Res., 1902.)
Keywords: 'Ecology, *Algae, *Pest control, 'Water
pollution control, 'Lake Huron, Mathematical models,
Sewage disposal, Abundance, Growth, Monitoring,
Phosphorus, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
'Cladophora glomerate.
PB83-239772 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Ecological Studies and Mathematical Modeling of
'Cladophora' In Lake Huron: 2. Phosphorus
Uptake Kinetics (Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
Martin T. Auer, and Raymond P. Canale. c1982,12p
EPA-600/J-82-373
Grant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8(1), p84-92
1982.
Laboratory experiments were conducted with field
populations of Cladophora glomerate to examine the
phosphorus uptake process. Results from 35 experi-
ments conducted over two field seasons emphasize
the importance of two factors in regulating phosphorus
uptake: dissolved phosphorus concentration and inter-
nal phosphorus pool size. The phosphorus uptake rate
Increases as dissolved phosphorus availability in-
creases. Negative feedback on uptake rate by internal
phosphorus pool size reduces the maximum phospho-
rus uptake rate as internal pools approach saturation
The absolute maximum phosphorus uptake rate for
Cladophora was 4.5%P/day. (Copyright (c) Internat.
Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Huron, Phosphorus, Accumulation, Growth,
Concentration(Composition), Plant physiology, Reac-
tion kinetics, Mathematical models, Reprints, 'Clado-
phora glomerate.
PB83-239780 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Bloconcentratlon of a Hexachloroblphenyl In
Great Lakes Planktonlc Algae. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.
Timoth C. Lederman, and G-Yull Rhee. c1982,11 p
EPA-600/J-82-359
Grant EPA-R-806126
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, V39 p380-387 1982.
The bioconcentration of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobi-
phenyl (HCB) was examined in the Great Lakes algae
Fragilaria crotonensis, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and
Microcystis sp. The bioconcentration factors varied
from species to species, whether they were expressed
In terms of cell number, dry weight, cellular carbon, or
cellular lipid. The factors were in the range of 100,000-
1,000,000 and increased with decreasing biomass.
The existence of a mucilage layer in F. crotonensis
was associated with a twofold increase In the biocon-
centration factor. Surface adsorption appeared to con-
tribute only slightly to the bioaccumulation of HCB.
HCB desorbed from all species but at a much slower
rate than its adsorption.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Toxicology, Great Lakes, Re-
prints, •Bioaccumulation, 'Blphenyl/hexachloro,
'Water pollution effects(Plants), Fragilaria crotonen-
sis, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Microcystis.
PB83-239798 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Polysltoxsne Deactivated Fused Silica Capillaries
Containing Immobilized Stationary Phases. Jour-
nal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Moseley, and E. D. Pellizzari. c1982,7p EPA-
600/J-82-370
Contract EPA-R-807167
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications 5, p472-475 1982.
This article describes a method of preparing immobi-
lized stationary phases which has arisen from the au-
thor's work on polysiloxane deactivation of fused silica
capillaries. Although acid treatment is often omitted
with fused silica capillaries, there are good reasons for
hydrothermal treatment of this column material. Use of
Grab's peroxide method gave immobilized 0.25 mi-
crometers films of SE-54; Towering of the immobiliza-
tion temperature permitted immobilization of 0.1 mi-
crometers films of the same phase.
Keywords: 'Silicon dioxide, 'Stationary processes,
•Catalysis, Deactivation, Adsorption, Capillaries, Gas
Chromatography, Reprints, 'Polysiloxane.
PB83-239806 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Luxury Consumption of Phosphorous by Five
'Cladophora' Epiphytes In Lake Huron (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Jan Stevenson, and E. F. Stoermer. c1982,14p
EPA-600/J-82-371
Grants EPA-R-806600, EPA-R-807450
Pub. in Transactions of the American Microscopical
Society 101,(2) p151-161 1982.
The stainable polyphosphate bodies in five species of
algae epiphytic on Cladophora glomerata were enu-
merated. The algal populations, two species of dia-
toms, two species of blue-green algae, and a red alga,
were collected at various distances from a point
source of phosphorus enrichment in Lake Huron. Pop-
ulations assayed had accumulated polyphosphate
bodies and exhibited different levels of maximum poly-
phosphate body abundance. Numbers of polyphos-
phate bodies per unit cell volume were least in the dia-
toms, greatest in the blue-greens, and intermediate in
the red alga. (Copyright (c) 1982, by the American Mi-
croscopical Society, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Algae, 'Water pollution,
'Lake Huron, Bioassay, Accumulation, Inorganic phos-
phates, Diatoms, Growth, Reprints, 'Cladophora glo-
merata.
PB83-239814 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Dultuth, MN.
Morphometrlc Analysis of Algal Response to Low
Dose, Short-Term Heavy Metal Exposure (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Linda Sicko-Goad. C1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-358
Grant EPA-R-805146
Pub. in Protoplasms 110, p75-86 1982.
Three algae, Melosira granulate, Fragilaria capucina,
and Anacystis cyanea, collected as part of a natural
phytoplankton assemblage were found to differ in their
cytological responses to low dose short-term exposure
to copper and lead. In general, all were more sensitive
to copper than to lead. Fragilaria was more sensitive to
both metals than the other species examined. Most im-
mediate changes in relative volume categories can be
ascribed to changes in vacuole volume that are most
likely the result of changes in membrane permeability.
There was some degree of accommodation in all three
species at 24 hours. These results are discussed in
view of the natural environment of the aigae, as well as
in relationship to previous studies.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Toxicology, Water pollution, Re-
sponses, Morphology, Phytoplankton, Exposure,
Copper, Lead, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), Melosira granulata, Fragilaria capu-
cina, Anacystis cyanea, Heavy metals.
PB83-240883 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of the NOx and SO2 Control Per-
formances, Southern Indiana Gas and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit No. 1.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Jul83,1279p-in5v
Set included PB83-240671 through PB83-240713.
No abstract available.
PB83-240671 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of the NOx and S02 Control Per-
formances, Southern Indiana Gas and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit No. 1. Volume 1. Program Re-
sults. Final rept. May 81-Oct 82.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Edward F Peduto, Jr., Robert R. Hall, and Guy Tucker.
Jul83, 110pGCA-TR-82-23-G(1), EPA-600/7-83-
038A
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also Volume 2, PB83-240689.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB83-
240663.
The five-volume report gives results of a continuous
emissions monitoring program at Southern Indiana
Gas and Electric Company's (SIGECO's) A.B. Brown
Power Plant, to characterize the NOx and SO2 control
performances of Unit 1 in terms of process variables.
Volume I gives program results.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, Electric power plants, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Scrubbers, 'Southern Indiana Gas and Elec-
tric Company, 'Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB83-240689 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of the NOx and S02 Control Per-
formances, Southern Indiana Gas and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit No. 1. Volume 2. Program
Documentation. Final rept. May 81 -Oct 82,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Edward F. Peduto, Jr., Robert R. Hall, and Guy Tucker.
Jul 83, 288p GCA-TR-82-23-G(2), EPA-600/7-83-
038B
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also Volume 1, PB83-240671 and Volume 3,
PB83-240697.Portions of this document are not fully
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB83-
240663.
The five-volume report gives results of a continuous
emissions monitoring program at Southern Indiana
Gas and Electric Company's (SIGECO's) A.B. Brown
Power Plant, to characterize the NOx and SO2 control
performances of Unit 1 in terms of process variables.
Volume II, discusses program documentation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, Electric power plants, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Scrubbers, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Southern Indiana Gas
and Electric Company, 'Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB83-240697 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of the NOx and SO2 Control Per-
formances, Southern Indiana Gas and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit No. 1. Volume 3. North
Module Sulfur Dioxide Data Reports. Final rept.
May 81-Oct 82,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Edward F. Peduto, Jr., Robert R. Hall, and Guy Tucker.
Jul 83,294p EPA-600/7-83-038C
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also Volume 2, PB83-240689 and Volume 4,
PB83-240705.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB83-
240663.
The five-volume report gives results of a continuous
emissions monitoring program at Southern Indiana
Gas and Electric Company's (SIGECO's) A.B. Brown
Power Plant, to characterize the NOx and SO2 control
performances of Unit 1 in terms of process variables.
Volume III discusses S02 data reports for the north
module.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, Electric power plants, Performance evaluation.
Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Scrubbers,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Southern
1512 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Indiana Gas and Electric Company, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing.
PBB3-240705 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of the NOx and SO2 Control Per-
formances, Southern Indiana Gaa and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit 1. Volume 4. South Module
Sulfur Dioxide Data Reports. Final rept. May 81-Oct
82,
OCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Edward F. Peduto, Jr., Robert R. Hall, and Guy Tucker.
Jul 83,294p EPA-600/7-83-038D
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also Volume 3. PB83-240697 and Volume 5,
PB83-240713
Al«0 available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB83-
240663.
The five-volume report gives results of a continuous
emissions monitoring program at Southern Indiana
Gas and Electric Company's (SIGECO's) A.B. Brown
Power Plant, to characterize the NOx and SO2 control
performances of Unit 1 in terms of process variables.
Volume IV discusses SO2 data reports for the south
module.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, Electric power plants, Performance evaluation,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers,
Tab)es(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Southern
Indiana Gas and Electric Company, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing.
PB83-240713 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Charactertzalton of the NOx and SO2 Control Per-
formance*, Southern Indiana Qaa and Electric
Co., A.B. Brown Unit No. 1. Volume 5. Oxides of
Nitrogen Data Report*. Final rept. May 81-Oct 82,
OCA Corp., Bedford. MA. GCA Technology Div.
Edward F. Peduto, Jr., Robert R. Hall, and Guy Tucker.
Jul 83,293p EPA-600/7-83-038E
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also Volume 4, PB83-240705.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB83-
240663.
The five-volume report gives results of a continuous
emissions monitoring program at Southern Indiana
Oaa and Electric Company's (SIGECO's) A.B. Brown
Power Plant, to characterize the NOx and SOS control
performances of Unit 1 in terms of process variables.
Volume V, discusses data reports for NOx.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Electric power plants, Performance evaluation.
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers,
Tablea(Data), Concentration(Compoaltion), 'Southern
Indiana Gas and Electric Company, 'Dual alkali scrub-
bing.
PB83-240782 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Improvement* In Lake Erie during
the Past Decade. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
Charle* E. Herdendorf. c1982. 7p EPA-600/J-82-352
Grant EPA-R-802543
Pub. In Oceans, p1182-1185 Sep 82.
An analysis of Lake Erie water quality data for the past
10 years Indicates a general improvement In the lake
environment. Concentrations of phosphorus were rela-
tively constant during the period 1970 to 1977; howev-
er, since that time significant declines have been ob-
served. This improvement coincides with the approxi-
mate 800-metric-ton-per-year reduction in the phos-
phorus loading to the lake during the later part of the
decade.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution control,
•Lake Erie, Concentratlon(Composltlon), Improve-
ment, Periodic variations, Comparison, Tables(Data),
Reprints, 'Organic loading, 'Water quality data, Hypo-
PM3-240770
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
ParKNC.
Tissue-Specific Sister Chromatld Exchange Analy-
ses In Mutagen-Carclnogen Exposed Animals,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
James W. Allen, Robert Langenbach, Michael D.
Waters, and Yousuf Sharief. c1983,26p EPA-600/D-
83-089
The phenomenon of sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
has Been extensively reviewed. Sister chromatid ex-
changes are intrachromosomal events, wherein seg-
ments of DNA are reciprocally swapped between the
chromatids. They are most easily studied with 5-bro-
modeoxyuridine (BrdU) dye methodology, which effec-
tively differentiates the sister chromatids so that ex-
changes between them are detectable as staining dis-
continuities. Presumablly, the exchange sites are at
homologous loci and no inequality in the amount of
translocated material results. Sister chromatid ex-
change is not known to alter cell viability or function: Its
spontaneous frequency and biological importance are
uncertain. Yet, early autoradiography studies in cul-
tured cells revealed elevated SCE frequencies as an
effect of mutagen and carcinogen exposures.
Keywords: 'Chromosomes, 'Toxicology, Deoxyribon-
ucleic acid, Laboratory animals, Exposure, 'Sister
chromatid exchange, 'Mutagenesis, 'Carcinogenesis.
PB83-240788 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Binding of Polychlorinated Blphenyls Classified
as Either Phenobarbltone-, 3-Methylcholanthrene-
or Mixed-Type Inducers to Cytosollc Ah Receptor.
Journal article,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Guelph-Waterioo Centre.
A. Bandiera, S. Safe, and A. B. Okey. C1982,23p EPA-
600/J-82-369
Contract EPA-R-809764
Pub. in Chemico-Blological Interactions 39, p259-277
1982.
It has been postulated that reversible, high-affinity
binding of 3-methyl-cholanthrene (MC)-type Inducers
to a receptor protein (the Ah receptor) in hepatic cyto-
sol is essential for induction of aryl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylase (AHH) enzymic activity. To test this postu-
late, the binding affinities of 16 highly purified, synthet-
ic chlorinated blphenyl (PCB) congeners, which have
been categorized either as phenobarbitone (PB)-, MC-
or mixed (PB + MC)-typs Inducers of cytochrorne P-
450-dependent monooxygenases have been exam-
ined. The affinity of individual biphenyl congeners for
the receptor was determined by their competition with
2,3,7,8-(3 sup H) tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ((3 sup
H)TCDD> for specific cytosolic binding sites as meas-
ured by sucrose density gradient analysis following
dextran-charcoal treatment.
Keywords: 'Enzymes, 'Proteins, 'Chemical bonds,
'Binding. Laboratory animals, Environmental surveys,
Toxicity, In vitro analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Liver, Rats, Public health, Reprints, 'Polychlo-
rinated biphenyls, 'Toxic substances, Cholanthrene/
methyl,Phenobarbltone.
PB83-240796 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Surface Analysis of Particles Emitted to the At-
mosphere (Journal Version). Journal reprint,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
D. F. S. Natusch. E. R. Denoyer. T. R. Keyser, S. E.
Kirton, and D. R. Taylor. c1980.10p EPA-600/J-80-
422
Grant EPA-R-803950
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers
76(201), P127-133 1980.
A number of potentially toxic trace metal and organic
species have been shown to be preferentially enriched
on the surfaces of most types of anthropogenic parti-
cles which are emitted to the atmosphere. The use of
several surface analytical techniques including ion ml-
croprobe mass spectrometry. Auger electron spec-
trometry, electron spectrometry for chemical analysis
(ESCA), and time resolved solvent leaching for the
study of such particles is discussed. Results are evalu-
ated in terms of the Information they provide about the
processes of particle formation and transformation
and about potential environmental Impacts. In addi-
tion, the strengths and weaknesses of the different
techniques are compared with emphasis on those di-
rectly related to particle surface analysis. (Copyright
(c) The American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
1980).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Surfaces,
'Chemical analysis, 'Metals, 'Organic compounds,
Environmental impacts, Solvents, Trace elements,
Moisture content, Fly ash, Dust, Aromatic potycycllc
hydrocarbons, Adsorption, Reprints, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Air-water interfaces, Auger electron spectros-
copy, ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Anal-
ysis), Toxic substances, Baghouses.
PB83-240804 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Transports In the Duluth-Superior Harbor (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
K. R. Stortz, and M. Sydor. C1980,12p EPA-800/J-80-
423
Grant EPA-R-803952
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 6(3), p223-231
1980.
A hydrodynamic model and a water quality model for
the Dulutn-Superior harbor are developed and verified
by using data on currents, water levels, and water
quality parameters. The water quality model is subse-
quently used to simulate the transport of participates
resuspended by ship traffic and the dispersal of dis-
solved material spilled into the harbor at a major indus-
trial site. Resuspenslon of bottom sediments by ship
traffic is an important secondary source of harbor tur-
bidity. Suspended solids in ship resuspenslon plumes
range from 10 to 50 mg/l, five times the usual concen-
tration of suspended solids in the harbor. An estimated
100.000 kg of material is resuspended per passage of
a ship. The resuspended matenal is coarse and settles
rapidly, thus only 0.1 % of the material flows out direct-
ly into Lake Superior. It was found that a spill of dis-
solved pollutant in the Inner harbor would take from 8
to 21 days to reach Lake Superior at peak concentra-
tions.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Hydrodynamics,
•Water pollution, Mathematical models. Particles.
Water currents, Water traffic, Turbulence, Boundaries,
Reprints, * Duluth-Supertor Harbor, Water levels. Oil
PB83-240812 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Flux of Reduced Chemical Constituent* (Fe(2+),
Mn(2+), NH4<1 +) and CH4) and Sediment Oxygen
Demand In Lake Erie. Journal article,
Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH.
Donald D. Adams. Gerald Matisotf, and William J.
Snodgrass. C1983,13p EPA-600/J-82-357
Grants EPA-R-805160, EPA-R-806757
Pub. In Hydroblologia 92, p405-4141982.
Sediment pore water concentrations of Fe(Z-t-),
Mn(2+), NH4(+), and CH4 were analyzed from both
diver-collected cores and an In situ equilibration device
(peeper) In Lake Erie's central basin. Sediment oxygen
demand (SOD) was measured at the same station with
a hemispheric chamber (including DO probe and re-
corder) subtending a known area of sediments. The
average SOD was 9.4 millimeters/sqm/day. From
pore water gradients within the near-surface zone, the
chemical flux across the interface was calculated indi-
rectly using Pick's first law modified tor sediments.
These calculations, using core and peeper gradients,
always showed sediment loss to overlying, waters, and
variations between the two techniques differed by less
than an order of magnitude for Fe(+2) and CH4.
(Copyright (c) Or W. JunK Publishers. The Hague. Prim-
ed in the Netherlands.)
Keywords: •Sediments, 'Water chemistry. 'Lake Erie,
•water pollution, Concentraton(Composmon), Iron,
Dissolved gases, Oxygen. Interfaces, Iron, Manga-
nese, Methane, Ammonia, Losses, Oxidation, Re-
prints, 'Sediment oxygen demand, Sediment water
Interfaces.
PB83-240820 PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada,
OK.
Microorganism* and Higher Plant* for Waste
Water Treatment Journal article,
National Space Technology Labs., NSTL Station, MS.
B. C. Wolverton. R. C. McDonald, and W. R. Duffer.
1983,10p EPA-600/J-83-032
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Qallty, v12 n2 p236-242
1983.
December 1983 1513
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Batch experiments were conducted to compare the
waste water treatment efficiencies of plant-free micro-
bial filters with filters supporting the growth pf reeds
(Phragmites communis), cattail (Typha latifolia), rush
(Juncus effusus), and bamboo (Bambusa multiplex).
The experimental systems consisted of two compo-
nents in series. The first component was an anaerobic
settling-digestion container. The second was a 'non-
aerated' trough filled with rocks, decreasing from large
rocks (up to 7.5-cm diam) at the bottom, to pea gravel
(0.25- to 1.3-cm diam) at the top. The plant-free micro-
blal filter was equally effective in carbonaceous BOD
removal. The vascular aquatic plant saries enhanced
ammonia removal, and consequently improved nitrog-
enous BODS removal. Under the conditions of these
experiments, raw sewage with initial BODS's of 100
mg/l can be upgraded to meet secondary standards.
Keywprds: 'Filters, "Settling, 'Sewage treatment, An-
aerobic processes, Digestion(Decomposition), Micro-
organisms, Experimental design, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, 'Vascular plants, Phragmites communis,
Reeds, Typha latifolia, Cattails, Juncus effusus, Rush.
PB83-240978 PC A05/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement,
Waatewater Treatment Facllltlet/Clty of Norman,
Cleveland County, Oklahoma.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Apr 83, 93p EPA-906/9-83-006
See also PB82-257130.
The city of Norman is currently experiencing problems
with wastewater treatment facilities it operates that
serve the city and the University of Oklahoma. Alterna-
tives to correct existing problems and accommodate
expected flows to the year 2000 were analyzed. As Its
preferred alternative, Norman proposes to upgrade the
present treatment plant, to expand sludge facilities, to
construct interceptor and collector sewers and to
expand its service area. Although planning included
advanced treatment alternatives, the preferred deci-
sion of EPA and the Oklahoma State Department of
Health (OSDH) is to approve and support construction
of secondary treatment units while deferring advanced
treatment decisions until water quality standards and
wasteload allocations have been finalized. This is the
most cost-effective way of achieving federal and state
water quality goals. In order to protect Lake Thunder-
bird, EPA and OSDH may require mitigation measures
as grant conditions.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements-draft,
'Sewage treatment, Substitutes, Oklahoma, Odors,
Sludges, Sites, Cost analysis, Water quality, Solid
wastes, Norman(Oklahoma).
PB83-241018 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Standardized Procedurea for Planting Vegetation
on Completed Sanitary Landfills. Final rept.,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
Edward Gilman, Franklin Flower, and Ida Leone. Jul
83,47p EPA-600/2-B3-055
Contract EPA-R-807673
A manual was developed for those charged with es-
tablishing a vegetative cover on completed landfills.
Special problems associated with growing plants on
these sites are discussed, and step-by-step proce-
dures are given for converting a closed landfill to a va-
riety of end uses requiring a vegetative cover. Instruc-
tions are given for vegetating landfills with either limit-
ed or adequate funds. A hypothetical case of landfill
conversion is also included.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Planting, 'Earth fills, Manu-
als, Financing, Selection, Soil fertility, Spreading,
Depth, Sampling, Grasses, Leguminous plants,
Metals, Fertilizers, Tolerances(Physiology), Methane,
Carbon dioxide, Extraction, Hazardous materials.
PB83-241166 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Transport of Contaminants In the Great Lakes.
Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
William Lick. C1982,30p EPA-600/J-62-365
Grant EPA-R-807308
Pub. in Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 10, p327-353
1982.
In order to make optimum use of the Great Lakes, the
adverse effects of these wastes must be minimized.
To do this, one must be able to quantitatively predict
the transport, fate, and effects of contaminants in the
Great Lakes. This requires an understanding of how
and where are contaminants transported, and what
are the biochemical transformations affecting this
transport. Since most contaminants are associated
with participates, special attention is given to the trans-
port of participates although similar arguments apply
to dissolved substances. To give some indication of
how biological and chemical transformations affect the
fate of contaminants, a brief discussion of the effects
of these transformations on the transport and fate of
several important and representative contaminants is
given.
Keywords: "Sediment transport, 'Water pollution,
'Great Lakes, Sediments, Food chains, Aquatic ani-
mals, Radioactive isotopes, Pesticides, Metals, Hydro-
carbons, Phytoplankton, Toxicity, Schematic dia-
grams, Chemical reactions, Biochemistry, Reprints,
f Path of pollutants.
PB83-241174 Not available NTIS
Limnetic Larval Flth of the Maumee and Sanduaky
River Estuaries. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
C. L Cooper, W, C. Bartholomew, C. E. Herdendorf, J.
M. Reutter, and F. L. Snyder. C1981,8p EPA-600/J-
81-634
Grant EPA-804612
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v7 n1 p51-54
1981.
A total of 17 taxa were collected in the Maumee River
estuary during sampling periods in 1975, 1976, and
1977. A total of 11 taxa were collected from the San-
dusky River estuary In 1976. Gizzard shad/alewlfe,
Dorosoma cepedlanum/Alosa pseudoharengus, white
bass/white perch, Morone chrysops/Morone arnerl-
cana, and freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens,
constituted 98% of the larvae collected in the Maumee
River estuary proper and 91 % of the larvae collected
In the Sandusky River estuary. Capture, relative abun-
dance, and average density data for each taxon col-
lected are summarized.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'ReproductionfBiotogy),
'Maumee River Estuary, 'Sandusky River Estuary,
Larvae, Sampling, Abundance, Density(Mass/
volume), Bass, Perch, Fresh water fishes, Lake Erie,
Ohio, Reprints.
PB83-241182 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Wave Action and Bottom Shear Stresses In Lake
Erie. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
S. W. Kang, Y. P. Sheng, and W. Lick. c1982.16p EPA-
600/J-82-355
Grant EPA-R-807308
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n3 p482-494
1982.
For Lake Erie, the amplitudes and periods of wind-
driven, surface gravity waves were calculated by
means of the SMB nine-casting method. Bottom orbital
velocities and bottom shear stresses were then calcu-
lated using linear wave theory and Kajiura's (1968) tur-
bulent oscillating boundary layer analysis. These cal-
culations were made for south-west and north wind di-
rections and a steady wind speed of 40 km/hr. Calcu-
lated bottom shear stresses are related to the textural
properties of surficial Lake Erie sediments as deter-
mined by Thomas et al. (1976). The bottom shear
stresses, especially under prevailing southwest wind
conditions, control the textural characteristics of sur-
face sediments In Lake Erie. In particular, wave-in-
duced bottom shear stresses are probably the most
important energy source for sediment entrapment.
(Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great Lakes Res.,
1982.)
Keywords: 'Shear stress, 'Lake waves, 'Lake Erie,
'water pollution, Mathematical models, Wind velocity,
Sediment transport, Gravity waves, Entrapment, Re-
prints.
PB83-241190 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Turbidity In the Western Basin of Lake Erie. Jour-
nal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
John F. Paul, Robert Kasprzyk, and Wilbert Lick.
C1982, 9p EPA-600/J-82-364
Grants EPA-R-807308, EPA-R-808783
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Grosse lie, Ml,
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v87 nC8 p5779-
5784, 20 Jul 83.
Turbidity data from the Oregon, Ohio municipal water
intake in the Western Basin of Lake Erie for the years
1976 through 1979 were examined. A relatively simple
formula for the turbidity as a function of bottom shear
stress due to wave action and sediment loading from
the Maumee River was developed. Excellent agree-
ment was found between the observed and calculated
turbidities for all years examined. The results demon-
strate that (1) turbidity is directly related to wave action
and the resulting bottom stress, (2) sediments from the
Maumee River significantly contribute to the amount of
entrainable sediment near the Oregon intake, (3) the
transport of suspended solids from the Maumee River
to the Oregon intake as a significant factor in causing
high turbidity, and (4) there is reasonable equality be-
tween turbidity in NTU units and suspended sediment
concentration in units of milligrams per liter. (Copyright
(o) 1982 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Turbidity, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie,
Shear stress, Lake waves, Sediment transport,
Maumee River, Correlation, Suspended sediments,
Reprints.
PB83-241208 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Seasonal Abundance Patterns of Diatoms on 'Cla-
dophora' In Lake Huron. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Jan Stevenson, and E. F. Stoermer. c1982,18p
EPA-800/J-82-347
Grant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n1 p169-183
1982.
Rocks bearing Cladophora were collected from May to
November 1979 at two locations near Harbor Beach,
Michigan, in Lake Huron to document seasonal pat-
terns of epiphytic diatom abundance and diatom pro-
portion of the Ctadophora-epiphyte assemblage bio-
mass in an area receiving effluent from a municipal
wastewater treatment plant. Data were examined for
evidence of interactions between epiphytic diatoms
and Cladophora. Cladophora first appeared in May at
which time epiphytic diatoms comprised about 30% of
the Cladophora-epiphytic assemblage biomass. Cla-
dophora growth was greatest in June and July accu-
mulating much faster than diatoms. Peak Cladophora-
epiphyte assemblage biomass was maintained from
July to September. Cladophora biomass apparently
decreased after August while diatom abundance in-
creased to a September maximum. (Copyright (c) In-
ternal. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Algae, "Lake Huron, Abun-
dance, Seasonal variations, Biomass, Sewage treat-
ment, Sewage disposal, Nutrients, Sampling, Reprints,
'Cladophora.
PB83-241216 Not available NTIS
Alternative to Least Squares Statistics for Com-
parison of Duplicate Measurements. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Marjolein V. Smith, Robert W. Shaw, Jr., and Richard J.
Paur. C1983,10p EPA-600/J-81-083
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 m p65-71
1983.
The authors describe a method for the comparison of
measurements of the same pollutant taken simulta-
neously by two instruments. The method requres no in-
formation about the precision of the instruments and
does not assume, as the typically used linear regres-
sion by least squares does, that the errors for one in-
strument are negligible. The method does require that
the data be distributed to permit unambiguous separa-
tion into three groups. The method provides confi-
1514 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dence interval estimates. They present examples and
recommendations for using the method and compare
it with least squares. The body of information present-
ed in this paper is directed to anyone who uses linear
regression.
Keywords: 'Least square method, 'Measuring instru-
ments, 'Linear regression, Comparison, Chemical
analysis, Substitutes, Environmental surveys, Re-
prints, "Bartlett method, Numerical solution.
PB83-241224 PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Phenol Molecular Structure on Bacte-
rial Transformation Rate Constants In Pond and
River Samples. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Doris F. Paris, N. Lee Wolfe, William C. Steen, and
George L. Baughman. 1983,6p EPA-600/J-83-033
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n3p1153-1155 1983.
Microbial transformation rate constants for a series of
phenols were correlated with a property of the substi-
tuents, van der Waal's radius. Transformation prod-
ucts were the corresponding catecols, with the excep-
tion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the product of p-acetyl-
phenol. A different product suggested a different path-
way; p-acetylphenol, therefore, was deleted from the
data base.
Keywords: "Phenols, 'Bacteria, "Toxicology, Ponds,
Rivers, Fresh water, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects( Animals).
PB83-241232 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Entralnment, Deposition, and Transport of Flns-
Qralned Sediments In Lakes. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering,
Wllbert Lick. C19B2,13p EPA-600/J-82-382
Grants EPA-R-808783, EPA-R-807308
Pub. In Hydrobiologia 91, p31-401982,
Recent work on the settling, diffusion, entralnment,
and deposition of fine-grained sediments In fresh
water Is reviewed and synthesized in the report. Par-
ticular attention is given to the dependence of these
processes on sediment properties such as particle
size. The application of this knowledge to the analysis
and numerical modeling of sediment transport is also
discussed. Much of the work is concerned with the
Great Lakes and, more specifically, with the Western
Basin of Lake Erie. (Copyright (c) Dr. W. Junk Publish-
ers, The Hague. Printed in The Netherlands.)
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Lake Erie, Settling,
Turbulent diffusion, Entrinment, Particle size, Mathe-
matical models, Great Lakes, Reprints.
PB83-241240 Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mutagenlclty and Chemical Characteristics of Car-
bonaceous Paniculate Matter from Vehicles on
the Rosd. (Journal Veralon). Journal article,
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
William R. Piereon, Roy B. Zweidinger. and Larry D.
Claxtpn. C1983, 17p EPA-600/J-83-027
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology 17(1), p31-
44 1983.
Experiments were conducted in the Allegheny Moun-
tain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike in the
summer of 1979 to evaluate the Ames-assay bacterial
mutagenicity of the solvent extracts of paniculate
emissions from heavy-duty Diesels and gasoline-pow-
ered vehicles in highway operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'High-
ways, 'Mutagens, 'Chemical analysis, Particles, Sol-
vent extraction, Tunnels, Toxicity, Public health, Re-
prints, Ames mutagenic assay system.
PW3-241257 PC A02/MF A01
Modulation of Heat Flux by Different Scales of
Advectlon In an Urban Environment. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jason K. S. Ching. J. F. Clark, and J. M. Godowitch.
1983,24p EPA-600/J-82-054
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology 25, p171-191
1983.
Heat flux data from the USEPA Regional Air Pollution
Study in St. Louis are presented. Large spatial vari-
ations exist on both a land use scale and the urban
scale. The analyses of these data includes an exami-
nation of the fetch requirements for representative
eddy correlation measurements of heat flux in an
urban environment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Heat flux, 'Urban areas, Ad-
vection, Reprints, 'Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB83-241265 PC E99
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jul83,301p-in6v
Set includes PB83-241273 through PB83-241323.
No abstract available.
PB83-241273 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab,, Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies. Volume 1. Petrole-
um Wsstewater Pond Bottoms. Final rept. Sep 77-
FebSl,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Joan B. Berkowltz, Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83,53p 81136-
VOL-1, EPA-800/2-83-057A
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 2, PB83-241281.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations on a land treatment site for manage-
ment of waste bottoms from a petroleum wastewater
treatment pond. The waste is typically 13% solids,
25% oil, and 62% water as spread. The site was sam-
pled twice, and observations were made on the type
and amount of waste handled, site characteristics, and
management procedures for waste application and
monitoring. Organic and inorganic analyses were con-
ducted on the waste and soil/waste mixture; inorganic
analyses were performed on plant samples.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Petroleum industry,
'Refineries, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Ground water,
Field tests, Farms, Land use, Sampling, Chemical
analysis, Industrial waste treatment, Ponds, Water pol-
lution control, Plants(Botany), 'Land disposal, SIC
2911. Land management.
PB83-241281 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies. Volume 2. Oily
Waste from a Petroleum Refinery. Final rept. Sep
77-Feb81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Joan B. Berkowitz. Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83,53p 81136-
VOL-2, EPA-60072-83-057B
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 1, PB83-241273, and Volume 3,
PB83-241299.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations of a land treatment site operated for
disposal of petroleum refinery waste sludges. The
waste, principally API separator bottoms, was land
treated in an area long used for waste disposal. The
site was sampled once, and observations were made
on the type and amount of waste handled, site charac-
teristics, and management procedures for waste appli-
cation and monitoring. Organic and inorganic analyses
were conducted on the waste and soil/waste mixture;
inorganic analysis was performed on plant samples.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Refineries, "Petroleum
industry, Chemical analysis, Solid waste disposal,
Field tests, Sites, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Farms, Land use, Cultivation, Sampling,
Plants(Botany), Ponds, 'Land disposal, 'Oil pollution,
SIC 2911, Land management.
PB83-241299 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies. Volume 3. Leather
Tannery Sludges. Final rept. Sep 77-Feb 81,
Little (Arthur D}, Inc.. Cambridge. MA.
Joan B. Berkowitz, Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83, 48p 81136-
VOL-3, EPA-600/2-83-057C
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 2, PB83-241281, and Volume 4,
PB83-241307.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations of a land treatment site which incor-
porates sludge generated from air pollution control
scrubbers of a leather tannery operation. The waste
contains a high concentration of nitrogen, and has
other soil-amending qualities so that for the past 20
years, the site has received tannery wastes to improve
frowth of crops. These include corn, wheat, and hay.
he waste also contains high concentrations of
sodium, chromium and organic species. The site was
sampled once and observations were made on the
type and amount of waste handled, site characteris-
tics, and management procedures for waste applica-
tion and monitoring. Organic and inorganic analyses
were conducted on the waste and soil/waste mixture;
inorganic analysis was performed on plant samples.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Leather, 'Tanning ma-
terials, Field tests, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Air pol-
lution control, Scrubbers, Farm crops, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Inorganic compounds, Organic
compounds, Sod analysis, Plants(Botany), 'Land dis-
posal, SIC 3111, Land management.
PB83-241307 PC A04/WF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies. Volume 4. Second-
ary Wastswater Treatment Plant Sludge from a
Synthetic Manufacturing Plant. Final rept. Sep 77-
Feb 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Joan B. Berkowitz, Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83.51p 81136-
VOL-4, EPA-600/2-83-057D
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 3, PB83-241299. and Volume 5.
PB83-241315.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations of a land treatment site for the man-
agement of secondary wastewater treatment sludge
from a synthetics manufacturing plant. The waste,
composed of 8.5% solids, contained a large concen-
tration of cellulose and nitrogen in a ratio amenable for
soil improvement and plant growth. It also contained
large quantities of sodium, which, unless properly man-
aged, can adversely impact the soil structure. The site
was sampled once, and observations were made on
the type and amount of waste handled, site character-
istics, and management procedures for waste applica-
tion and monitonng. Organic and inorganic analyses
were conducted on the waste and soil/waste mixture;
inorganic analysis was performed on plant samples.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Synthetic resins, 'Plas-
tics industry, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Farms, Culti-
vation, Chemical analysis. Soil analysis, Sampling, In-
organic compounds, Organic compounds,
Plants(Botany), 'Land disposal, SIC 3079, Land man-
agement.
PB83-241315 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Field Studies. Volume S.
Wastewater Treatment Sludge from Batch Organ-
ic Chemical Synthesis, Final rept. Sep 77-Feb 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Joan B. Berkowitz, Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83,52p 81136-
VOL-5, EPA-600/2-83-057E
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 4, PB83-241307, and Volume 6,
PB83-241323.
December 1983 1515
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations of a land treatment operation using a
sludge generated from organic chemical manufacture.
The sludge is applied to a turf farm which contains
acidic son; the sludge reduces the lime addition re-
quirements for pH adjustment. The sub-soils are
porous and the quality of the groundwater located at
20-30' below the ground surface is pristine.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, 'Chemical industry, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Field tests, Ground water, Soil anal-
ysis, Cultivation, Sites, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Plants(Botany), Farms, Solid waste disposal, 'Land
disposal, SIC 2865, Land management.
PB83-241323 PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Treatment Raid Studies. Volume 6. Inorgan-
ic Pickling Liquor Waste. Final rept. Sep 77-Feb 81,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Joan B. Berkowitz, Sara E. Bysshe, Bruce E. Goodwin,
Judith C. Harris, and David B. Land. Jul 83,44p 81136-
VOL-6, EPA-600/2-83-057F
Contract EPA-68-03-2602
See also Volume 5, PB83-241315.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
241265.
This report presents the results of field measurements
and observations of a land treatment site for the man-
agement of an inorganic pickling liquor waste. The
waste is spread on the site as a 20% solids sludge.
Sulfate and iron are known to be major waste constitu-
ents. The organic content of the waste is neglible. The
site was sampled twice, and observations were made
on the type and amount of waste handled, site charac-
teristics, and management procedures for waste appli-
cation and monitoring. Organic and inorganic analysis
was conducted on the waste and soil/waste mixture;
inorganic analysis was performed on plant samples.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Chemical cleaning,
'Metal industry, Solid waste disposal, Field tests,
Sites, Plants(Botany), Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Soil analy-
sis, Cultivation, Farms, 'Land disposal, SIC 349, Land
management.
PB83-241331 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Methodology for Estimating Environmental Load-
Ings from Manufacture of Synthetic Organic
Chemicals. Final rept. May 81-Apr 82,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Donal T. O'Leary, Kathleen M. Richter, Pamela A.
Hillis, Patricia H. Wood, and Sarah E. Campbell. Aug
83, 592p EPA-600/3-83-064
Contract EPA-68-03-3061
This report presents a methodology for estimating mul-
timedia environmental loadings of a 'new' organic
chemical (Section 2), the output data of which can be
used to determine population exposure (within and
without the manufacturing process plant battery limits)
and to isolate the most suitable control options. A
methodology is presented for estimating the multime-
dia environmental loadings for a 'new' chemical, in the
absence of manufacturing plant emission data. The
methodology draws on an environmental release data
base that contains multimedia environmental loadings
for structurally similar compounds that undergo similar
process (physical and chemical) unit operations. The
data base is integrated with other pertinent available
data on the manufacturing process of the new chemi-
cal. The methodology integrates all pertinent data to
enable the user to estimate multimedia (controlled and
uncontrolled) environmental loadings under the classi-
fications of storage and handling, process and fugitive
emissions, respectively. An example is provided to
demonstrate the methodology's applicability.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Public health, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Water pollution, 'Pesticides, 'Organic com-
pounds, Exposure, Storage, Leakage, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Thermodynamics, Reaction kinetics, In-
formation systems, Tables(Data), Methodology, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances, Land
pollution, Fugitive emissions, Chemical feedstocks.
PB83-241364 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park,, NC.
Full-Scale Dual Alkali FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlza-
tlon) Demonstration at Louisville Gas and Electric
Company. Final rept. Mar 79-May 81,
Louisville Gas and Electric Co., KY.
R. P. VanNess, L. R. Woodland, and E. D. Gibson. Aug
83, 97p EPA-600/7-83-039
Contract EPA-68-02-2189
See also PB-278 722. Prepared in cooperation with
Little (Arthur D.)., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
The report summarizes the 1-year demonstration of
the full-scale dual-alkali flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system at Louisville Gas and Electric Co.'s (LG/E's)
Cane Run Unit 6. Systems performance is described in
terms of performance guarantees and other param-
eters that were monitored throughout the demonstra-
tion. The report gives a detailed history of operation,
including problems encountered in system operation
and how they were solved. Capital and operating costs
(estimated and incurred) are also reviewed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Electric power plants, Flue gases, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Performance evaluation,
Capital costs, Operating costs, Sulfur dioxide, Parti-
cles, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Calcium oxides,
Sodium carbonates, 'Dual alkali scrubbing, Flue gas
desulfurization.
PB83-241372 PC A10/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) 1981 Annual Report,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Botany.
Walter W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, Richard M. Adams, Gail
Bingham, and Joseph E. Miller. Jun 83,206p EPA-
600/3-83-049
See also PB82-235920.
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) consists of a group of cooperating organiza-
tions engaged in field work, crop modeling, and eco-
nomic studies to assess the immediate and long-term
economic consequences of the effects of air pollution
on crop production. The program's primary objectives
are (1) to define the relationship between yields of
major agricultural crops and does of ozone, sulfur diox-
ide, nitrogen dioxide, and their mixtures using state-of-
the-art technology in the field with realistic pollutant
exposure regimes and (2) to utilize these relationships
in assessing the economic consequences of exposure
of agricultural crops to these pollutants.
Keywords: 'Agricultural economics, 'Farm crops, 'Air
pollution, Assessments, Yield, Dosage, Ozone, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Mixtures, Exposure, Sensi-
tivity, Soybean plants, Tomatoes, Cotton plants, Eco-
nomic impact, Corn plants, Field tests, Comparison,
Tables(Data), Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-241455 PC A04/MF A01
Reevaluatlon of NMHC Emission Reduction Re-
quirements In Northeastern Illinois and South-
eastern Wisconsin Using the Empirical Kinetic
Modeling Approach (EKMA).
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
May 83,60p IEPA/APC/83-008
This report refines in modeling that was first done for
the 1982 Ozone State Implementation Plan and sub-
mitted to the USEPA in April 1982 to fulfill Clean Air Act
requirements. Three key input variables were Devalu-
ated in this report: Ozone aloft, NMHC/NOx ratio, and
initial NMHC and NOx concentrations. The report con-
tains revised emission reduction estimates for both
northeast Illinois and southwest Wisconsin.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Air pollution, Illinois, Wisconsin, Regulations,
State government, Concentration(Composition),
'Nonmetnane hydrocarbons, 'State implementation
plans.
PB83-241612 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Fugitive Emis-
sion Predictive Model - User's Guide. Final rept.
May 82-Sep 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. I. Steinmetz, and L. P. Provost. Jul 83,105p DCN-
83-203-001-55-11, EPA-600/8-83-029
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report discusses a mathematical model that can
be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various leak
detection and repair (LDAR) programs on controlling
volatile organic compound (VOC) fugitive emissions
from chemical, petroleum, and other process units.
The report also describes a computer program, avail-
able through EPA's National Computer Center, that
allows a user to enter LDAR input data and initiate the
above-described model through a low-speed terminal.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, Organic compounds, Maintenance, Leakage,
Inspection, Computer programs, Cost analysis, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB83-241620 PC A08/MF A01
Low Mileage Catalyst Evaluation with a Methanoh
Fueled Rabbit - Interim Report. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch.
Robert D. Wagner, and Larry C. Landman. May 83,
170p EPA-AA-CTAB/TA/83-5
This report summarizes a test program which was de-
signed to evaluate various exhaust catalysts at low
mileage on a pure methanol-fueled Volkswagen
Rabbit automobile. Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde emissions were
measured to identify which catalysts are the best can-
didates for durability testing in a later program. Cata-
lysts formulations that are eventually selected for dura-
bility testing should cost no more, and preferably less,
than the onginal catalyst on the vehicle. In addition, all
catalysts should provide the capability to meet the
Federal Exhaust Emission Standards for hydrocarbon
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx).
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Cata-
lysts, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxide, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB83-241729 PC AOS/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab, Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume 4. On-Slte Evaluation of Corrosion
Treatment,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
Carlos E. Herrera, Karen S. Nakhjiri, and Brian P. Hoyt.
Aug 83, 80p EPA-600/2-83-056
Grant EPA-R-806686
See also Volume 1, PB82-231820.
For 8 months, the Seattle Water Department conduct-
ed a corrosion treatment pilot plant study, obtaining
data on the treatment of Toll River water with lime and
sodium carbonate. Pipe loop tests were conducted to
determine the appropriate chemical start-up proce-
dures for two full-scale corrosion treatment facilities; to
document the effectiveness of the corrosion treatment
program in suppressing corrosion, metal leaching and
tuberculation in older galvanized steel premise plumb-
ing systems; to document the bacterial effects of the
corrosion treatment program on water quality; and to
anticipate any possible customer problems caused by
implementation of the corrosion treatment program.
The study monitored the effects of simulated corrosion
treatment start-up on chemical and microbial water
quality from an old galvanized plumbing system.
Standing water samples collected after treatment
start-up displayed increased iron deposits, organic
debris and bacterial populations compared to untreat-
ed standing water samples. Zinc leaching was reduced
during treatment from pH 6 to pH 7 and increased from
pH 7 to pH 8. Iron leaching was found to increase by
approximately 38% during treatment start-up, while
copper and lead leaching were reduced by 53% and
57%, respectively. Corrosion treatment also resulted
in a reduction of approximately 32% in the tubercula-
tion rate.
1516 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Corrosion prevention, "Distribution sys-
tems, 'Plumbing, 'Water treatment, Calcium oxides,
Sodium carbonates, Water pipes, Leaching, Protec-
tion, Iron, Copper, Lead(Metal), Comparison, Bacteria,
pH, Effectiveness.
PB83-241737 PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Protocol for Bloassesamant of Hazardous Waste
Stt»*. Final rept,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
Don B. Porcella. Jul 83,142p TC-3547-1, EPA-60CV2-
83-054
The bioassessment protocol is one of several tools, in-
cluding chemical analysis and field study, that can be
used to characterize the potential environmental risk
associated with hazardous waste sites. The protocol
can be applied to priority ranking for deciding the need
for cleanup of a site compared to other sites, and to
assess cleanup effectiveness by testing for potential
hazards at the site boundaries or along a sampling
transect. Bioassessment involves using defined bio-
logical tests to determine the biological response to
concentrations of the biologically active components
of soil and water samples from a hazardous waste site.
The tests are described in the report Appendix and in-
clude aquatic and terrestrial tests.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Public health,
•Water pollution, 'Soil analysis, 'Solid waste disposal,
Sites, Risk, Field tests, Assessments, Samples, Chem-
ical analysis. Toxicity, Exposure, Ecology, Transport
properties, Ground water, 'Biological processes, Pro-
cedures.
PBB3-242529 PC A18/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement - North
Carolina Barrier Island Wastewater Management
Technical Reference Document Environmental In-
ventory Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, QA. Region
IV.
Sep 82,424p EPA-904/9-83-108b
This report is the second report of the Environmental
Impact Statements (EIS) process. It describes existing
data for the natural and manmade environments, indi-
cates potential data limitations and addresses the
Issues of special concern to the EIS study. The focus
of the EIS is to identify the sources of water quality
degradation, investigate appropriate solutions to these
problems, and evaluate the economic and environ-
mental effects of implementing appropriate technol-
ogies.
Keywords: 'Barrier Islands, 'Sewage treatment, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Water pollution,
Shellfish, Metals, Ecology, Oysters, Sea grasses,
Dunes, Economic factors, Septic tanks, Marshes,
Mammals, Reptiles, Land use, Archaeology, North
Carolina.
PB43-242537 PC A1 1 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NO. Office of Mr Quality Planning and Standards.
Maps Depleting Nonsttalnment Areas Pursuant to
Section 107 of the Clean Air Act - 1983,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
George Duggan, Johnnie Pearson, and Willis Beal.
Feb 83, 240p EPA-450/2-83-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
SeealsoPB62-232174.
This report is a detailed mapping of the United States
Depicting those areas not attaining the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide, nitro-
gen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and total suspended
parttculates. It includes nonattalnment area maps and
supporting lists from Federal Register publications for
final actions through February 1 , 1983.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. 'Regulations, 'Maps,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur di-
oxide, Particles, TablesfData), 'National ambient air
quality standards, Clean Air Act.
PW3-242925 PC A03/MF A01
8CE and Menotlc Crossover Exchange In Germ
Hearth Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC.
James W. Allen. 1983,31 p EPA-600/D-83-090
Mouse spermatogonial cells can be evaluated for SCE
induction after in vivo exposure to chemical mutagens
and carcinogens. In this system, cyclophosphamide
and ethyl carbamate have been shown to cause signif-
icant increases in SCE which, however, tend to be
lower in magnitude than those expressed by various
somatic tissues. Armenian hamster meiotic chromo-
somes can be evaluated for normal levels of SCE, and
both quantitative and qualitative aspects of crossover
exchange. Alternate crossover exchange patterns
appear directly related to chiasmata in primary sper-
matocyte sex bivalents, and also are detectable in sex
chromosomes from secondary spermatocytes. Thus,
high resolution chromatid exchange analysis is versa-
tile in its application for studies of various forms of
normal and abnormal genetic recombination process-
es in mammalian germ cells.
Keywords: 'Germ cells, 'Toxicology, Mice, Reproduc-
tive system, In vivo analysis, Chromosomes, 'Muta-
genesis, 'Carcinogenesis, SCE induction, Crossing
PBS3-243220 PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenlc and Carcinogenic Potency of Diesel
and Related Environmental Emissions: Salmonella
Bloassay. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Larry D. Claxton. 1981, 6p EPA-600/J-81 -646
Pub. in Environment Internationa, v15 p389-391 1981.
See also PB83-149328.
Due to the expected increase in the percentage of
diesel vehicles in the United States, the Environmental
Protection Agency must evaluate the health effects as-
sociated with exposure to diesel emissions. Respirable
particles from a variety of combustion sources have
the potential of being carcinogenic and mutagenic. the
objective of these studies was to determine the rela-
tive biological activity of the organic material adsorbed
on these particles in vitro mutagenesis bioassays. the
organic extracts from the following series of emission
sources were bioassayed in the Salmonella assay for
mutagenic activity: (1) a light-duty Oldsmobile diesel
350 engine; (2) a heavy-duty Caterpillar diesel engine;
(3) a light-duty Nissan engine; (4) a Volkswagen Rabbit
diesel; (5) cigarette smoke; (6) roofing tar; (7) coke
oven; and (8) a gasoline catalyst Mustang. This paper
provides a comparison of these sources within the Sal-
monella bioassay and also demonstrates how bacte-
rial systems can be used as a quality assurance meas-
ure in vivo testing.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Bioas-
say, Bacteria, Reprints, 'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Air
pollution effects, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis.
PB83-243238 PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Ozone on Xenoblotlc Metabolism,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Judith A. Graham, Daniel B. Menzel, Frederick J.
Miller. Joseph W. Illing. and Robert Ward. 1983,17p
EPA-600/D-83-063
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., NC. and Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gardner et al. found that ozone (O3) exposure in-
creased pentobarbital induced sleeping time In female
CD-1 mice. The animals were exposed to 1960 micro-
grams O3/cu. m (1 ppm) for 3 hr/day for up to 7 days,
But an effect was only observed on the second and
third day of exposure. Since animals awake from PEN-
induced S.T. because of hepatic xenobiotic metabo-
lism, it was hypothesized that O3 exposure resulted in
effects that occured in the liver, making investigations
to elucidate the mechanisms involved of interest. To
this end, a series of studies were performed which are
summarized in the report.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, 'Metabolism, Mice,
Females, Physiological effects, Exposure, Sensitivity,
Concentration(Composition), Sleep, Drugs, Paralysis,
Pentobarbital, Inhibitors, Enzymes, 'Air pollution
effects(Anlmals), Pharmacokinetics.
PB83-243246 PC A02/MF A01
Sample Collection and Preparation Methods Af-
fecting Mutagenlclty and Cytotoxlclty of Coal Fly
Ash,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Judy Mumford, and Joellen Lewtas. Jul 83,24p EPA-
600-D-83-061
Reports by several investigators describing the biologi-
cal activity of coal fly ash have presented a variety of
results which in some cases are conflicting. The bio-
logical activity of coal fly ash may differ because of one
or more of the following factors: (1) the samples stud-
ied were from different sources; (2) the samples were
prepared for bioassay differently; (3) the sampling
method differed, and, therefore, collected samples
were different in chemical or physical properties which
affect the biological activity. Several variables involved
in coal fly ash studies ~ source, sample collection land
preparation methods, bioassay method -- are undoubt-
edly responsible for the diversity of biological effects
observed. The objective of this study were to examine
the sample preparation and collection factors which
may affect the observed biological activity caused by
coal fly ash and to evaluate the mutagenicity and cyto-
toxicity of fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) fly ash from
experimental and commercial units. The bioassays
used in this study were the Ames Salmonella plate in-
corporation test for mutagenicity and the rabbit alveo-
lar macrophage (RAM) system for cytotoxicity.
Keywords: *Fly ash, 'Coal, 'Toxicology, Collection,
Sampling, Bioassay, Preparation, 'Cytotoxicity, 'Muta-
genesis, Air sampling, Biological effects.
PB83-243253 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Quantitative Differences between Benthlc Algal
Communities Along a Depth Gradient In Lake
Michigan. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. J. Stevenson, and E. F. Stoermer. c1981,11 p
CONTRIB-276, EPA-600/J-81-639
Grant EPA-R-803037
Pub. in Journal of Phycology, v17 p29-361981.
This study analyzes the impact of conditions associat-
ed with depth upon benthic algal communities in Lake
Michigan. Diatom abundance was greater at 9.1 and
14.6 m depths than 6.5, 22.6 and 27.4 m. Shallow (6.5
m), mid-depth (9.1 and 14.6 m) and deep (22.6 and
27.4 m) zones were distinguishable on the basis of
community composition, structure and abundance.
Dominance of benthic species, high diversity and low
abundance in shallow communities probably resulted
from substantial substrate disturbance by wave action
in this productive zone. Preponderance of living plank-
tonic taxa, low diversity and low abundance delineated
deep communities where planktonic algae accumulat-
ed and low light levels reduced growth of benthic spe-
cies.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Ecology, 'Lake Michigan, Dia-
toms, Abundance, Depth, Underwater light. Growth,
Substrates, Lake waves, Reprints, 'Species diversity,
Habitats.
PB83-243261 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Worker Exposure to Arsenic In Florida Grapefruit
Spray Operations. Journal article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL
G. A. Wojeck, H. N. Nigg, R. S, Braman, J. H. Stamper,
and R. L. Rouseff. C1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-368
Grant EPA-R-806474
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v11 p661-667 1982.
Accumulated total body exposure to arsenic was cor-
related with the urinary arsenic concentration. Expo-
sure to arsenic of all workers was lower than the short-
term no-effect level set by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, •Arsenic. 'Pesticides, Exposure, Toxicity, In-
spection, Hazardous materials, Spraying, Citrus trees,
•Lead a/senate, 'Toxic substances, ^Occupational
safety and health, Grapefruit trees.
December 1983 1517
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-243279 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Experimental Apparatus for Evaluating Kinetics of
Available Phosphorus Release from Aquatic Par-
tlculates. Journal article,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
J. V. DePinto. C1982, 8p EPA-600/J-82-350
Grants EPA-R-804937, EPA-R-807155
Pub. in Water Research, v16 p1065-1070 1982.
An experimental apparatus, referred to herein as a
Dual Culture Diffusion Apparatus (DCDA), has been
developed and operated to permit the extraction of
process kinetic data for several types of particle-water
interactions. The DCDA is constructed of two culture
vessels separated only by a thin membrane filter, thus
facilitating the separation of two particulate suspen-
sions while at the same time permitting their interac-
tion by diffusion of dissolved substances through the
membrane. This manuscript describes how the appa-
ratus has been calibrated and applied to measure the
rate at which available phosphorus is released from
various types of particulates suspended in lake water
media.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, Extraction, Interactions,
Water, Cultures(Biology), Filters, Separation, Reprints,
•Particulates, 'Water pollution detection.
PB83-243287 Not available NTIS
Effects of Stable Stratification on Turbulent Diffu-
sion and the Decay of Grid Turbulence. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. E. Britter, J. C. R. Hunt, G. L. Marsh, and W. H.
Snyder. C1983,21 p EPA-600/J-82-083
Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Univ. (Eng-
land) and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Jrnl. of Fluid Mechaics, v127 p27-441983.
Experiments are described in which a grid was towed
horizontally along a large tank filled first with water and
then with a stably stratified saline solution. The decay
rates of the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) turbulent veloci-
ty components (w'.v1) perpendicular to the tow direc-
tion were measured by a Taylor diffusion probe and
found to be unaffected by the stable stratification over
the distances measured (5 to 20 mesh lengths down-
stream) and over a range of Froude number (U/NM) of
Infinity and 8.5 to 0.5, where M is the mesh length, U
the velocity, and N the buoyancy frequency. The verti-
cal turbulence produced at the grid was reduced up to
30% by the stratification when U/MN about 0.5. Large-
scale Internal wave motion was not evident in the tur-
bulence produced by this horizontally towed grid, in
contrast to the motion produced by a vertically towed
grid.
Keywords: 'Turbulent diffusion, Turbulent flow, Stratifi-
cation, Velocity measurement, Internal waves, Fluid
flow, Froude number.
PB83-243295 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Diatoms Associated with Bryophyte Communities
Growing at Extreme Depths In Lake Michigan.
Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
E. F. Stoermer. c1981, 8p CONTRIB-305, EPA-600/J-
81-631
Grant EPA-803037
Pub. in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science,
88, n2p91-951981.
Diatom assemblages on limestone cobbles collected
from 42.7 m depth in the mid-lake high region of Lake
Michigan are characterized by low total abundance
and low diversity. The flora present contains three as-
sociations. A large aloochthonous component, com-
prised of planktonic species and very low numbers of
benthlc species usually found in shallow water is
present. A limited number of dominant taxa appear to
be particularly associated with deep habitats in oligo-
trophic lakes. Other species, usually reported from ter-
restrial habitats, appear to be associated with the bryo-
phyte Fissidens fontanis which is present in all collec-
tions.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Ecology, 'Lake Michigan,
Abundance, Shallow water, Distribution(Property),
Deep water, Monitoring, Reprints, 'Habitats, Species
diversity.
PB83-243303 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Comparative Kinetic Studies of Nitrate-Limited
Growth and Nitrate Uptake In Phytoplankton In
Continuous Culture. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Div. of Labs.
and Research.
Ivan J. Gotham, and G-Yull Rhee. c1981, 9p EPA-600/
J-81-630
Grant EPA-804689
Pub. in Journal of Phycology, vl 7 p309- 3141981.
A comparative kinetic study of nitrate-limited growth
and nitrate uptake was carried out in chemostat cul-
tures of Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Asterionella formo-
sa, Fragilaria crotonensis. In each species growth rate
(microgram) was related to total cell nitrogen or cell
quota (q) by the empirical Droop growth functions. Ni-
trate uptake was a function of both external N concen-
tration and q. The apparent maximum uptake rate (v
sub m) at a given microgram was inversely related to q
- q sub o, where q sub o is the minimum quota. The ap-
parent half-saturation constant for uptake (k sub m)
appears to show a slight inverse trend with microgram,
although statistical analysis show that this trend is in-
conclusive.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Inorganic nitrates,
'Growth, 'Fresh water biology, Cells(Biology), Nitro-
gen, Concentration(Composition), Least squares
method, Culture media, Plant physiology, Kinetics, Re-
gression analysis, Reprints, Asterionella formosa, An-
kistrodesmus falcatus, Fragilaria crotonensis.
PB83-243311 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Exposure to Ozone on Susceptibility to
Experimental Tuberculosis. Journal article,
NT Research Inst, Chicago, IL Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
Gail Thomas, James Fenter, R. Ehrlich, and D. E.
Gardner. C1981,10p EPA-600/J-81-645
Contract EPA-68-02-1273
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v9 p11 -171981.
Exposure of mice to 1.96 mg/cu. m. ozone (03) 3 h/
day, 5 days/week, for up to 8 weeks beginning at 1 or
2 weeks after challenge with Mycobacterium tubercu-
losis R1Rv resulted In significant enhancement of bac-
terial tlters In the lungs at 5 through 8 weeks after chal-
lenge when compared to mice compared to controls.
Exposure of guinea pigs to 2.9 mg/cu. m 03 for 3 n im-
mediately after challenge with M. tuberculosis resulted
In a suppression of the cutaneous delayed hypersensi-
tivity response, without affecting the serum hemagglu-
tination antibody tlters. However, exposure of guinea
pigs to 0.98 mg/cu. m 03 3h/day for 5 days, initiated
within 3 h after the infectious challenge, enhanced he-
magglutination antibody liters initially, but the delayed
hypersensitivlty reaction did not differ from controls.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, Bacteria, Lung, Guinea pigs, Response, Re-
prints, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Hypersensitivity,
'Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-243394 PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Doslmetry of Nitrogen Dioxide In Ani-
mals and Man,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. J. Miller, J. A. Graham, J. H. Overton, and E. T.
Myers. Jul 83,15p EPA-600/D-83-091
Using a general mathematical model formulation for
the tranpsort of gases in the lungs, the authors studied
the regional pulmonary deposition of nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) in man, rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats. The
model formulation utillzeslung morphometric data and
includes parameters reflecting physiochemlcal proper-
ties of NO2, ventilatory patterns, and chemical ractions
of N02 with components of the protective layer linings
of the lungs. Sensitivity of model predicted doses to
changes in some of the above parameters are dis-
cussed as well as qualitative comparisons between
animals and man in the shape of the dose curves.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Toxicology, 'Respirato-
ry system, 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution. Labo-
ratory animals, Humans, Rabbits, Guinea pigs, Rats,
Chemical reactions, Lungs, Comparison, Public health,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), "Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-243436 PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Fathead Minnow 'Pimephales pro-
melas' Embryo-Larval Test Guideline Using Ace-
naphthene and Isophorone,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Armond E. Lemke, Elizabeth Durhan, and Taryl
Felhaber. Jul 83, 30p EPA-600/3-83-062
A set of 4 embryo-larval bioassays (2) each with iso-
phorone and acenaphthene, respectively, were con-
ducted with the fathead minnow, Pimephales prome-
las. The objective of the study was to evaluate a spe-
cific method for this type of test. The no effect levels
when compared to the controls were 0.208 and 0.226
mg/l acenaphthene annd 19.5 and 6.89 mg/l isophor-
one, respectively. The only problem encountered was
in the feeding regime which may have a possibility for
improvement as control weights varied.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicity, 'Minnows, Larvae,
Evaluation, Tests, Acenaphthylenes, Embryos, Repro-
ducibility, 'Pimephales promelas, Isophorones.
PB83-243527 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Winter Movements of Four Fish Species Near a
Thermal Plume in Northern Minnesota (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Marvin Jon Ross, and Jimmy D. Winter. c1981, 7p
EPA-600/J-81-644
Contract EPA-68-03-2145, Grant EPA-R-804997
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
110,p14-181981.
During winter 1975, 17 yellow perch (Perca flaves-
cens), 6 northern pike (Esox lucius), 3 walleyes (Sti-
zostedion vitreum), and 2 largemouth bass (Microp-
terus salmoides) were equipped with radio frequency
transmitters to compare their winter movements near
the thermal plume of a power plant. The mean home
range sizes, in hectares, were northern pike 19.0;
yellow perch 13.4; largemouth bass 3.7; walleye 2.2.
Northern pike and yellow perch had mean home range
sizes larger than the discharge area. Mean water
depths at fish locations were as follows: largemouth
bass 0.8 m; northern pike 1.2 m; yellow perch 1.6 m;
walleye 3.5 m. Largemouth bass preferred the warm-
est locations near the discharge point. Yellow perch
were most often located in the peripheral areas of the
discharge bay while walleyes were most often located
in the deeper center area. (Copyright (c) by the Ameri-
can Fisheries Society 1981.)
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fishes, 'Thermal pollution,
Plumes, Perch, Bass, Animal migrations, Electric
power plants, Depth, Radio transmitters, Heating,
Sites, Winter, Exposure, Minnesota, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-243535 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Application of a Conventional Fishery Model for
Assessment of Entrapment and Impingement
Impact (Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural Re-
sources.
Alvin L. Jensen, and Ted A. Hamiltton. c1982,8p EPA-
600/J-82-354
Grant EPA-R-806159
Pub. in Environmental Biology of Fishes 7(2), p181-
1851982.
A conventional stock assessment model is applied to
determine the impact of entrapment and impingement
at the Monroe Power Plant on the yellow perch stock
of the Western basin of Lake Erie. Parameters of the
model are estimated using power plant data, biological
data available in the literature, and commercial catch
data. The model is applied to estimate the age struc-
ture and biomass of the perch stock and to estimate
the impact of the power plant on abundance of the in-
pingeable stock and abundance and biomass of the
exploited stock, The level of impact was examined
under a range of martality conditions. (Copyright (c)
1982, Dr W. Junk Publishers.)
1518 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Entrapment, 'Intake systems, * Perch,
'Ecology, 'Lake Erie, Electric power plants, Mathe-
matical models, Age, Biornass, Abundance, Mortality,
Impingement, Cooling water, Reprints, 'Catch statis-
tics.
PBS3-243543 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Leb.-Duluth, MM.
Luxury Consumption of Phosphorus by Benthlc
Alga*. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Oiv.
R. Jan Stevenson, and E. F. Stoermer. C1982,5p EPA-
600/J-82-351
Grant EPA-R-807450
Pub. in BioScience, v32 n8 p682-6831982.
The ability of algal species to sequester phosphorus in
their natural environment was evaluated. The amount
of P sequestered was estimated by the density by poly-
phosphate (polyP) bodies within the cell. The abun-
dance of polyP bodies was related to ambient P con-
centrations and tissue P.
Keywords: * Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Ecology, 'Water
pollution, Bioassay, Diatoms, Accumulation, Ammoni-
um compounds, Competition, Inorganic phosphates,
Lake Huron, Reprints, Cladophora, Organic loading.
PB83-2435SO Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effect* of Nitrate and Phosphate Limitation on
Cyclostat Growth of Two Freshwater Diatoms
(Journal Version). Journal article.
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Drv. of Labs.
and Research.
Ivan J. Gotham, and G-Yull Rhee. c1982,9p EPA-600/
J-82-366
Grant EPA-R-804689
Pub. in Jnl. of General Microbiology 128, p199-205
1982.
The effects of N and P limitation on cell division and on
cellular contents of limiting and non-limiting nutrients
were examined In cyclostat cultures of the freshwater
diatoms Asterionella formosa and Fragllarla crotonen-
sls. Nutrient-limited cell cycles of both species were
readily entrained by a 14 h/10 h light/dark cycle. In F.
crotonensls, the maxima relative to the onset of the
light phase of the photocycle occurred at approximate-
ly -1 to +1 h for cell division, + or -11 to 13 h for cell
N, and +21 to 23 h for cell P. In A. formosa the
maxima occurred at approximately +3 to 10 h for cell
division and +2 to 4 h for cell N and cell P. Changes in
culture dilution rate (Integrated growth) and in the type
of nutrient limiting growth did not significantly alter
these times for either species.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Nitrates, 'Phosphates, 'Toxi-
cology, Cells(Blology), Fresh water, Reprints, Asterion-
ella formosa, Fragllarla crotonensis, Cyclostat.
PM3-243M8 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Temperature* Selected In a Power Plant Thermal
Effluent by Adult Yellow Perch 'Perca flave*c*na'
In Winter (Journal Veralon). Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Marvin Jon Ross, and Donald B. Slniff. c1982, So EPA-
600/J-82-363
Contract EPA-68-03-2145, Grant EPA-R-804997
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
39,0346-3491982.
Winter-temperature selector! by yellow perch (Perca
flavescens) was monitored by radio telemtry near the
thermal discharge from a power plant on the Upper
Mississippi River. Ten fish were equipped with temper-
ature-sensing radio transmitters. Temperature selec-
tion was monitored with an automatic recording
ayatem and manually with standard radio frequency re-
ceivers. The selected mean winter temperature for all
locations was 5.4C; when fish were In the discharge
area mean temperature selected was 6.3C. Ninety-one
percent of the temperatures were recorded from fish in
me discharge bay. Response to temperature varied
greatly among Individual fish, and they selected signifi-
cantly lower temperatures in the field than In laboratory
experiments.
Keywords: 'Perch, 'Ecology, 'Thermal pollution, Mon-
itoring, Radio transmitters, Temperature measure-
ment, Winter, Responses, Reprints, 'Perca flaves-
cens, Water pllutlon effects(Animals).
PB83-243576 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Downcore Variation In Sediment Organic Nitrogen
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
John Barton Fisher, Gerald Matisoff, and W. J. Lick.
c1982,4p EPA-600/J-82-361
Grant EPA-R-8057160
Pub. in Nature 296(5855) p345-347 1982.
An historical record of natural (pre-cultural) and an-
thropogenic (influenced by man's activities) chemical
inputs to the environment is contained in accumulating
sediment deposits and is commonly expressed as a
depositional flux. This flux is traditionally calculated as
the product of the sediment accumulation rate and the
concentration of a substance in the sediment. Previ-
ous work has quantified depositional fluxes of metals
and nutrients by assuming that the vertical distribution
of these substances in sediments is unaffected by
post-depositional migration, chemical reaction or po-
rosity variations. The authors present here a proce-
dure for calculating the historical depositional flux
(loading record) of a substance which undergoes post-
depositJonal chemical reaction in a compacting sedi-
ment column. The method is demonstrated by calcu-
lating the loading record of organic nitrogen at one lo-
cality in Lake Ene. (Copyright (c) Macmillan Journals
Ltd., 1982.)
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Sediments, 'Metals, 'Water
pollution, Nitrogen organic compounds, Decomposi-
tion, Microorganisms, Concentration(Compositk)n),
Chemical reactions, Mathematical models, Lake Erie,
Reprints, 'Organic loading, Particulates, 'Sediment
water interfaces.
PB83-243584 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Influence of a Hexachloroblphenyl In Great Lakes
Phytoplankton In Continuous Culture (Journal
Version). Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health. Albany. Environmen-
tal Health Inst.
Timoth C. Lederman, and G-Yull Rhee. c1982,9p
EPA-600/J-82-380
Grant EPA-R-806126
Pub. In Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
39,p388-3941982.
The Influence of 2,4,5.2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
(HCB) on the growth of Great Lakes phytoplankters
Fragllarla crotonensls, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and
Mlcrocysti* sp. was Investigated In continuous culture
under nutrient-sufficient and phosphate (P) limited
conditions. Growth rate was inhibited only In F. croton-
ensis at cellular HCB concentrations as low as 4 to the
minus 8th power ng/cell (0.8 micrograms/g dry
weight) in nutrient-sufficient cultures; there appeared
to be a dose-response relationship between cellular
HCB and mtorograms. Microcystis sp. and A. falcatus
showed no inhibitory effect at cellular HCB levels up to
5 to the minus 6th power ng/cell (3.6 micrograms/g
dry weight) and 30 to the minus 8th power ng/cell
(11.5 micrograms/g dry weight), respectively. Under P-
llmited conditions HCB also affected F. crotonensls
but not A. falcatus. The Initial response of F. crotonen-
sls to HCB addition was a significant Increase in micro-
grams, followed by a sharp decline. In both nutrient-
rich and P-limlted F. crotonensis the cellular chloro-
phyll a (chl a) concentration decreased with the accu-
mulation of HCB, yet the 14C assimilation rate per unit
chl a Increased. Cellular P concentration In the P-limtt-
ed cells also decreased with the accumulation of HCB.
Such responses were not observed in the other spe-
cies.
Keywords: 'Toxicology,' Phytoplankton, Fresh water,
Growth inhibitors. Great Lakes, Curtures(Biology).
•Water pollution effects(Plants), Fragilaria crotonen-
sis, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Microcystis, 'Biphenyl/
hexachloro.
PB83-243592 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Systematic, Quantitative, and Ecological Compari-
son of 'M«k>*lrs lalandtca' O. MiraH with M. gramt-
lata' (EHR.) Ralfa from the Laurenttan Great
Lake*. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Dry.
E. F. Stormer, R. G. Krels, Jr., and L. Stake-Goad.
C1981,14p EPA-600/ J-81 -642
Grant EPA-R-805796
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 7(4), p345-356
1981.
Melosira granulate and M. islandica occur sympatrical-
ly in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but maximum popula-
tion abundance of the two species occurs at opposite
ends of the range of seasonal and trophic conditions
found in the system. Both species are polymorphic, but
are distinguishable on the basis of a number of mor-
phological characteristics. Their distribution and the
range of morphologic variation encountered in popula-
tions from the Great Lakes is summarized and dis-
cussed. Although ranges in size and computed cell
volumes of populations of the two species overlap,
there are significant differences in cellular composi-
tion. Cells of M. islandica contain a much larger frac-
tion of living cytoplasm and cell wall material than cells
of M. granulata. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great
Lakes Res., 1981.)
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Diatoms, 'Phytoplankton,
'Great Lakes, Abundance, Populations, Cell morphol-
ogy. Cytoplasm, Comparison, Distribution(Property),
Cell wall, Photomicrographs, Reprints, 'Melosira gran-
ulata, 'Melosira islandica.
PB83-243600 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Vertical Structure of Time-Dependent Flow for
Viscosity That Depend* on Both Depth and Time.
Journal article,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Physics and Astron-
omy.
James R. Baker, and Thomas F. Jordan. C1982,4p
EPA-600/J-81-643
Contract EPA-R-805667
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Oceanography 11, n12 p1673-
16741981.
A previously developed eigenfunction expansion, that
describes horizontal current as a function of depth and
time, is extended to include any eddy viscosity given
as a product of a function of depth and a function of
time. (Copyright (c) 1982 American Meteorological So-
ciety.)
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, Turbulent diffusion, Vis-
cosity, Eigenvectors, Time dependence, Reprints.
PB83-243618 Not available NTIS
Algae-Bacteria Interaction In a Ught-Oark Cycle
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Paul W. Rodgers. and Joseph V. DePlnto. C1981,12p
EPA-600/J-81-629
Grant EPA-R-804937
Pub. in Jnl. Freshwater Ecology 1 (1) p71-80, Mar 81.
Nutrient and population dynamics accompanying
algae-bacteria interaction were observed in unlahjal,
18-liter batch cultures during a light-dark cycle. The
green alga Chlorella vulgaris, and the nitrogen fixing
blue-green Anabaena flos-aquae were Inoculated with
an aquatic community of bacteria The bacteria com-
munity enhanced the regeneration of nutrient*. Of spe-
cial note, is the observed generation of soluble nitro-
gen in the synthetic growth media via nitrogen fixation
followed by mineralization.
Keywords: "Bacteria, 'Algae, 'Photoperiodtom, 'Bio-
logical productivity, 'Lakes. Growth, Nutrients, Nitro-
gen, Culture media, Monitoring, Decomposition, Food
chains, Nitrogen fixation, Phosphorus, Inorganic ni-
trates. Reprints. 'Chlorella vulgaris, 'Anabaena flos-
aquae.
PB83-243659 PC A18/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement,
Waatewatwr Treatment FacHWee/Ctty of Fort
Worth, Tarrant County, Texas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Jui 83,423p EPA/906/9-83-008
The City of Fort Worth proposes to construct
wastewater treatment facilities (VVWTF) to collect and
adequately treat 137 million gallons per day of
wastewater through the design year 2005. The City
proposes to expand the existing Village Creek WVvTF
and dispose of sludge by landfifling In the Trinity River
December 1983 1519
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
floodplain. A number of alternatives were evaluated in-
cluding sludge disposal by surface landspreading,
wastewater treatment by slow rate irrigation - an alter-
native technology - and no action. EPA, through the
Texas Department of Water Resources, is considering
approval and funding of improvements to and expan-
sion of the system as well as providing no funding.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Construction, Sludge dispos-
al, Environmental impacts, Earth fills, Water pollution,
Odors, Social effect, Economic impact, Texas, Fort
WorthfTexas), "Sewage treatment plants, Land appli-
cation, Alternative planning.
PB83-243683 PC A06/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement,
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Tulsa, Oklaho-
ma.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Jul 83,109p EPA/906/9-83-009
Since the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
was published in August 1982, the Tulsa Water and
Sewer Department (TWSD) has propusod a modified
plan which requests approval of a limited portion of the
project now, while continuing to study and review the
remaining portions before requesting additional EPA
grant monies. The items in the modified plan which are
reviewed in detail in this document and which are cur-
rently proposed by the TWSD for Federal funding are:
(1) additional multifunctional laboratory facilities at the
Northside plant, (2) the remaining secondary treatment
expansion at the Northside plant, and (3) five acres of
sludge drying beds at the Southside plant. Construc-
tion of these portions of the project will not foreclose
any options on other features which will be scheduled
for review at a more appropriate point in the planning
process.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-Final, Construction, Laboratories,
Environmental impacts, Sludge drying, Odors, Air qual-
ity. Land use, Vegetation, Wildlife, Water pollution,
Social effect, Economic impact, Tulsa(Oklahoma),
Sewage treatment plants, Habitats.
PB83-243725 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Optimum N:P Ratios and Coexistence of Plank-
tonic Algae (Journal Version). Journal article,
New York State Oept. of Health, Albany. Div. of Labs.
and Research.
G-Yull Rhee, and Ivan J. Gotham. C1980,7p EPA-600/
J-80-415
Grant EPA-R-804689
Pub. in Jnl. Phycology 16, p486-489 1980.
The optimum atomic ratio of N to P, the ratio at which
one nutrient limitation changes over the other, was de-
termined in seven species of freshwater planktonic
algae. The ratio varied over a wide range among spe-
cies; the average for these species was 17. If the cellu-
lar nutrient ratios in marine species are comparable
with those in freshwater organisms, Redfield's ratio of
15 is remarkably close to the average. Cellular N:P
ratios varied over a 24-h period under a light:dark
cycle. The variation of the optimum ratio between spe-
cies and dial change in cellular N:P ratios within a spe-
cies could play an important role in population dynam-
ics by enhancing the probability of coexistence of spe-
cies.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Nutrients, 'Growth, 'Lakes,
Ratios, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Optimization,
Cells(Biology), Daylight, Night, Diurnal variations.
Mathematical prediction, Competition, Reprints, "Co-
existence.
PB83-243733
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Oxldatlve Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons Adsorbed on Coal Fly Ash. Journal
article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Chemis-
W/A. Kortmacher, D. F. S. Natusch, D. R. Taylor, G.
Mamantov, and E. L. Wehry. c1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-
416
Contract EPA-803950
Pub. in Science, v207 p763-765 1980.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto coal
fly ash were found to be stabilized against photochem-
ical decomposition. However, a number of adsorbed
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will spontaneously
oxidize in the absence of light, with those compounds
containing a benzylic carbon being particularly suscep-
tible. The decomposition rate appears to be fly ash-de-
pendent. (Copyright (c) 1980 AAAS).
Keywords; 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Fly
ash, 'Oxidation, 'Air pollution, Coal, Stability, Adsorp-
tion, Photochemistry, Decomoosition, Electric power
plans, Mutagens, Reprints, Coal fired power plants.
PB83-243741 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls as Inducers of Hepatic
Microsomal Enzymes: Structure-Activity Rules.
Journal article,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
A. Parkinson, L. Robertson, Lorna Safe, and S. Safe.
C1980,18p EPA-600/J-80-419
Grant EPA-R-806928
Pub. in Chemico-Biological Interactions 30, p271-285
1981.
A number of highly purified polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) isomers and congeners were synthesized and
administered to male Wistar rats at dosage levels of 30
and 150 micromol/kg. The effects of this in vivo treat-
ment on the drug-metabolizing enzymes were deter-
mined by measuring the microsomal benzo(a)pyrene
(B(a)P) hydroxylase, dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP)
N-demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase
enzyme activities, the cytochrome b sub 5 content and
the relative peak intensities of spectral shifts of the re-
duced microsomal cytochrome P-450:CO and ethyliso-
cyanide (EIC) binding difference spectra.
Keywords: 'Enzymes, "Ribosomes, 'Molecular struc-
ture, Laboratory animals, In vivo analysis, Bioassay,
Toxicity, Public health, Chlorine organic compounds,
Rats, Dosage, Liver, Reprints, * Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Toxic substances, Chemical shifts(Nuclear
magnetic resonance).
PB83-243758 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phytoplankton Productivity and Standing Crop In
the Vicinity of the Lake Huron-Saglnaw Bay Front.
Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Russell A. Moll, Curtiss O. Davis, and Claire L.
Schelske. C1980,18p CONTRIB-268, EPA-600/J-80-
418
Grant EPA-803066
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v6 n3 p232-246
1980.
Continuous underway sampling was used in four re-
search cruises near the mouth of Saginaw Bay in order
to locate the bay-lake front, where eutrophic bay water
mixes with oligotrophic Lake Huron water. Although
mixing between these water masses normally occurs
in outer Saginaw Bay, the distribution was variable, de-
pending on wind force and direction as well as water
temperature. Large algal crops in inner Saginaw Bay
had reduced soluble nutrients, particularly silicate and
nitrate-nitrogen, in the outer bay to levels lower than
the adjacent lake water. Nonetheless, outer bay water
supported high algal biomass and 14C uptake. The
Phytoplankton community at the nutrient front between
bay and lake waters was characterized by high chloro-
phyll a biomass low 14C uptake (x=7.12 micrograms/
l/h) and high bacterial activity indicating the presence
of a senescent assemblage. Decomposition and set-
tling of phytoplankton in the vicinity of the front appar-
ently served to remove much of the bay plankton from
the water column before mixing into the open lake.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, 'Biological productivity,
"Water pollution, 'Saginaw Bay, Nutrients, Mixing,
Water masses, Inorganic silicates, Nitrogen, Biomass,
Decomposition, Chlorophylls, Settling, Lake Huron,
Reprints, 'Eutrophication.
PB83-243766 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Some Aspect* of Morphological Variation In 'Ste-
phanodlacus nlagarae' (Baclllarlophyceae). Jour-
nal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Edward Theriot, and Eugene F. Stoermer. C1980,12p
EPA-600/J-81-641
Grant EPA-805796
Pub. in Jnl. of Phycology 17, p64-72 1981.
Valves of S. niagarae var. niagarae Ehr. and S. nia-
garae var. magnifies Fricke from geographically dis-
persed sediment and plankton collections were ob-
served by light microscopy and scanning electron mi-
croscopy (LM and SEM). Measurements made by LM
can be arranged so that means and ranges of diame-
ter, areolar density, or strial density intergrade from
one population into the next. Mean diameter is nega-
tively related to increasing areolar and strial densities.
No unique features observable by SEM distinguish the
two described varieties. Thus, S. niagarae var. magni-
fica, having large diameter valves with low areolar and
strial densities, may represent one end of a trend in
overall variation in S. niagarae. At the opposite ex-
treme are the populations with small valves and high
areolar densities which are often erroneously referred
to as S. astraea. Type material of S. niagarae lies inter-
mediate to these forms. Three populations considered
in this study have distinct morphological characteris-
tics.
Keywords: "Diatoms, "Morphology, "Lake Superior,
Measurement, Diameters, Electron microscopes, Pop-
ulations, Classifications, Identifying, Variations, Sedi-
ments, Comparison, Lake Michigan, Reprints, *Ste-
phanodiscus niagarae.
PB83-243774 Not available NTIS
Precipitation of Metal-Humate Complexes (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Chemistry.
Gordon K. Pagenkopf, and C. Whitworth. c1981,7p
EPA-600/J-81-638
Grant EPA-R-803727
Pub. in Jnl. of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 43,
p1219-1222 1981.
Concentrations of magnesium found in sea water are
capable of precipitating cadmium humate from water
solution. Speciation calculations and kinetic consider-
ations indicate that dissociation of the cadmium com-
plexes occurs during the precipitation process. For a
sequence of divalent metal cations, lead is the most
effective precipitator of humic acid, whereas magnesi-
um is least effective. The order is lead > copper >
cadmium > barium > zinc > nickel > calcium >
strontium > magnesium.
Keywords: 'Complex compounds, 'Humic acids,
'Chelating agents, 'Precipitation(Chemistry), 'Magne-
sium, Metals, Sea water, Reaction kinetics, Cations,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB83-243782 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Phytoplank-
ton Growth: Light and the Interactions of Light
with Nitrate Limitation (Journal Version). Journal
article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Div. of Labs.
and Research.
G-Yull Rhee, and Ivan J. Gotham. c1981,14p EPA-
600/J-81-632
Grant EPA-R-804689
Pub. in Limnology Oceanography 26(4), p649-659
1961.
The effects of simultaneous limitations of light and nu-
trient on growth were investigated with turbidostat and
chemostat cultures of Scenedesmus sp. and Fragilaria
crotonensis. The combined effects were greater than
the sum of individual effects and were not multiplica-
tive. Under nitrate-limited conditions the cell quota of
the limiting nutrient for a constant growth rate and the
subsistence quota increased as irradiance decreased.
Within a certain limit of growth rates, light and q sub N
can compensate for each other in maintaining growth
rate. Under nutrient-sufficient conditions, cell quotas of
C, N, and P, and cellular chlorophyll a concentration in-
creased as light decreased below saturation. The cell
quotas are the maximum level that can be achieved at
a given irradiance.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Growth, "Ecology,
'Lakes, Irradiance, Underwater light, Turbidity, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Chlorophylls, CallsfBiology),
Density(Mass/volume), Biomass, Nitrogen, Phospho-
rus, Carbon, Correlation, Reprints.
1520 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-243790 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Phytoplank-
ton Growth: Temperature and the Interaction* of
Temperature with Nutrient Limitation (Journal
Version). Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Div. of Labs.
and Research.
G-Yull Rhee, and Ivan J. Gotham. c1981,17p EPA-
600/J-81-633
Grant EPA-R-804689
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography 26(4), p635-648
1981.
The combined stress of nutrient limitation and subopti-
mal temperature on growth was studied with turbidos-
tat and chemostat cultures of Scenedesmus sp. and
Asterionella (ormosa. The combined effects were
greater than the sum of individual effects and were not
multiplicative. In N- and P-limited Scenedesmus sp.
and A. formosa the cell quotas of both limiting and
nonlimiting nutrients increased with decreasing tem-
perature. At a given temperature cell quotas of limiting
nutrients also increased with the growth rate and fol-
lowed a saturation function. Higher values of the mini-
mum cell quota (q sub o) at lower temperatures show
that cells require more nutrient with decreasing tem-
perature. The optimal growth temperature range, how-
ever, was 20-25C.
Keywords: 'Growth, *Phytoplankton, 'Lakes, 'Ecolo-
gy, Nutrients, Temperature, Cells(Blology), Proteins,
Biosynthesis, Tolerances(Physiology), Optimization,
Reprints, 'Scenedesmus.
PB83-243806 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phosphorus Uptake Dynamics as Related to Math-
ematical Modeling of 'Cladophora' at a Site on
Lake Huron (Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Martin T. Auer, and Raymond P. Canale. c1980,10p
EPA-600/J-80-417
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 6(1), p1-7 1980.
Cladophora is a significant symptom of eutrophication
in Lakes Erie and Ontario and is a local problem asso-
ciated with nutrient perturbations in Lakes Huron,
Michigan, and Superior. This paper presents results of
measurements of phosphorus uptake rates as a func-
tion of internal phosphorus levels by Cladophora grow-
ing near Harbor Beach, Michigan. Cladophora collect-
ed near the Harbor Beach wastewater treatment plant
had high levels of internal phosphorus uptake and (or
even negative) phosphorus uptake rates. Cladophora
distant from the wastewater treatment plant had low
internal phosphorus levels and rapid phosphorus
uptake rates. The experimental results are discussed
in terms of quantitative kinetic formulations which may
be incorporated into mathematical models useful for
predicting the response of Cladophora to alternative
management and control strategies.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Algae, 'Water pollution
control, 'Lake Huron, Nutrients, Sewage disposal,
Mathematical models, Management, Biomass, Re-
prints, •Eutrophication, 'Cladophora glomerata.
PBS3-243816 PC A02/MF A01
Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses of
Cyanobacterla. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. S. Safferman, R. E. Cannon, P. R. Desjardlns, B. V.
Gromov, and R. Haselkorn. 1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-
026
Pub. in Intervirology 19, p61-66 1983.
The Study Group finds it appropriate that viruses which
have as their host cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
should be grouped within the well-categorized families
of the bacterial viruses. Thus, the term cyanophage Is
adopted as a synonym for the vernacular name BGA
virus (BGAV) originally given to this virus type(l).
Where the nucleic acid and structural components of
cyanophages have been charactertztd, all possess a
•Ingle piece of double-stranded DNA and the charac-
teristic head-tail morphology of the bacteriophage.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Algae, Nomenclature, Classifi-
cations, Reprints, 'Cyanobacterta, Blue green algae.
PB83-244061 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Ion Chromatographlc Determination of Soluble
Anlons Present In Coal Fly Ash Leachates (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
Henryk Matusiewicz, and David F. S. Natusch. c1980,
10pEPA-600/J-80-414
Grants EPA-R-803950, EPA-R-806051
Pub. in International Jnl. Environmental Analytical
Chemistry 8, p277-233 1980.
The advent of ion chromatography has provided an ex-
tremely useful tool for the rapid, precise and sensitive
determination of inorganic anions. This capability can
be put to excellent use in the determination of soluble
anions associated with coal fly ash.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution, 'Fly
ash, 'Chemical analysis, 'Anions, Water pollution,
Leaching, Industrial wastes, Combustion products. Re-
prints, 'Ton chromatography, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Path of pollutants.
PB83-244079 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Nonphotochemlcal Decomposition of Fluorene
Vapor-Adsorbed on Coal Fly Ash. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Walter A. Korfmacher, Gleb Mamantov, Earl L Wehry,
David F. S. Natusch, and Thad Mauney. c1981,9p
EPA-600/J-81-636
Contract EPA-R-8039SO
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 15,
n11p1370-13751981.
Fluorene is representative of a group of polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons that have been shown to exhibit
oxidation in the absence of light when adsorbed on fly
ash. The present study examines this process for fluo-
rene in detail. Fluorene has been adsorbed on several
different fly ashes and other adsorbents including acti-
vated carbon, molecular sieves, alumina, silica gel,
and Ambersorb XE-340. In addition, the rate of decom-
position of fluorene vapor-adsorbed on one of the fly
ashes has been studied, and the effect of the amount
of fluorene adsorbed on the fly ash upon its nonphoto-
chemical oxidation has been determined. The signifi-
cance of the results in terms both of atmospheric dis-
persal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and of
sampling these compounds for chemical analysis is
• discussed. (Copyright (c) 1981 American Chemical So-
ciety.)
Keywords: 'Fluorenes, 'Fly ash, 'Decomposition,
•Oxidation, 'Air pollution, Coal, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Mutagens, Reprints.
PB83-244087 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangel
Park, NC.
Mutagenlclty of Benzo(a)Pyrene Metabolites Gen-
erated on the Isolated Perfused Lung Following
Partlculate Exposure (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
RitaSchoeny, and David Warshawsky. C1983,15p
EPA-600/J-83-030
Contract EPA-68-02-2975
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis3.p151-1621983.
The isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPL) is being used to
study the effects of paniculate exposure on the pulmo-
nary metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Pastur-
ealla-free New Zealand white rabbits were treated in-
traperitoneally with BaP prior to kill. The isolated lungs
were then administered either (14)C-labeled BaP
alone or BaP plus Fe2O3 or fly ash by intratracheal in-
jection. Rates of appearance of BaP metabolites in the
perfusing blood were determined. The extent of me-
tabolism, distribution of metabolites, and types of me-
tabolites produced were quantified for various lung
tissue types by high-performance liquid chromatogra-
phy and liquid scintillation spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Public health, 'Air oollutton,
•Particles, Laboratory animals, Rabbits, Exposure,
Respiratory system, Metabolism, Isotopic labeling,
Chemical analysis, Blood analysis, Reprints,
*Benzo(a)pyrene.
PB83-24409S Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Limnetic Larval Fish In the Near Shore Zone of the
Western Basin of Lake Erie (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
J. J. Mizera, C. L Cooper, and C. E. Herdendorf.
C1981, 7p EPA-600/J-81-635
GrantEPA-R-804612
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 7(1), p62-64
1981.
Gizzard shad/alewife, Dorosoma cepedianum/Alosa
pseudoharengus, emerald shiners, Notropis atherin-
oides, white bass/white perch, Morone chrysops/
Morone americana, and yellow perch, Perca flaves-
cens, constituted over 97% of the larval fish collected
in Ohio and Michigan waters of the western basin of
Lake Erie during 1977. Significantly greater numbers of
gizzard shad/alewife and spottail shiner, Notropis hud-
sonius, larvae were captured immediately adjacent to
the shore than at a depth of 5 m offshore while greater
numbers of smelt, Osmerus mordax, larvae were cap-
tured at points further offshore at a depth of 5 m than
at points immediately adjacent to the shore. The pur-
pose of this study was to determine the distribution
and abundance of larval fish along approximately 60
miles of shoreline including a sparsely developed por-
tion of the Ohio shore between Locust Point and Little
Cedar Point, within Maumee Bay, and along an exten-
sively developed portion of the Michigan shore be-
tween Woodtick Peninsula and Stoney Point.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Fresh water
fishes, 'Lake Erie, Surveys, Larvae, Perch, Bass, Col-
lecting methods, Maumee Bay, Distribution(Property),
Abundance, Catfishes, Tables(Data), Shores, Michi-
gan, Reprints.
PB83-244103 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Plume Development Using Lagranglan Marker
Method. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Gordon J. Oman, and Michael Sydor. c1981 /22p EPA-
600/J-81-637
Grant EPA-803952
Pub. in Jnl. of the Waterway, Port Coastal and Ocean
Division, ASCE, 107(WW3), p131-148 1981.
Currents as a function of wind were calculated by a
depth integrated model of Lake Superior. Using the
calculated currents, the development of large turbidity
plume was numerically simulated. Good agreement
between the simulated plume, remote sensing, and
ground truth data provided verification of calculated
current patterns and much insight into the ultimate fate
of pollutants in western Lake Superior as a function of
wind. The long range transport of a conservative pol-
lutant from the Duluth-Superior harbor was simulated
for westerly winds and for vaiable winds. For westerly
winds, the model predicted that the contaminant would
be transported along the Wisconsin shore away from
the harbor area. For variable winds, the pollutant re-
mained trapped in the southwest comer of the lake.
Keywords: 'Plumes. 'Turbidity, 'Water flow, 'Water
pollution, 'Lake Superior, Wind(Meteorology), Mathe-
matical models, Shores, Harbors, Runoff, Monitoring,
Hydrodynamics, Diffusion, Remote sensing, Circula-
tion, Wisconsin, Reprints, 'Point sources.
PB83-244111 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Resonant Oscillation In Duluth-Superior Harbor.
Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Thomas F. Jordan, Kirby R. Stortz, and Michael Sydor.
C1981, 9p EPA-600/J-81-640
Grant EPA-R-806020
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography, v26 n1 p186-
1901981.
The treatment of Duluth-Superior Harbor inlets as cou-
pled oscillators yields Helmholtz resonance periods of
2.1-2.3 h. Analysis of water level oscillations in the
harbor and currents in an inlet channel shows a 2.1-h
mode, which seems to be excited by lake oscillations
of nearly the same period. (Copyright (c) 1981, by the
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography,
Inc.)
December 1983 1521
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *lnlets(Waterways), 'Oscillation, 'Water
flow, Resonance frequency, Flushing, Mathematical
models, Density(Mass/volume) Periodic variations,
Lake Superior, Reprints, 'Water levels, 'Duluth-Supe-
rior Harbor.
PB83-244129 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Vertical Structure of Time-Dependent Flow Domi-
nated by Friction In a Wall-Mixed Fluid. Journal ar-
ticle,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Thomas F. Jordan, and James R. Baker. c1980,16p
EPA-600/J-80-426
Grant EPA-R-805667
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Oceanography, v10 n7 p1091-
t103Ju!80.
Solutions of a linear hydrodynamic equation of motion
with linear boundary conditions are obtained to de-
scribe the horizontal current, as a function of depth
and time, determined by a given history of the wind
force and pressure gradient up to that time, at a fixed
point in the horizontal plane in well-mixed water of
finite depth. The bottom friction is assumed to be pro-
portional to the bottom current, with zero bottom cur-
rent and zero bottom friction considered as limiting
cases. The general solution is established as an eigen-
function expansion when the eddy viscosity is given as
a positive function of depth. Eplicit formulas are
worked out for viscosity functions that are constant,
exponential, or varying as a power of the height from
somewhere below the bottom or above the top of the
water. (Copyright (c) 1980 American Meteorological
Society.)
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Ocean currents, 'Turbu-
lent flow, Mathematical models, Wind pressure, Depth.
Mixing, Equations of motion, Friction, Viscosity, Steady
state, Boundaries, Reprints.
PB83-244137 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Ouluth, MN.
Entrtlnment of Cohesive Sediment* In Freshwa-
ter (Journal Version). Journal article,
California-Univ., Santa Barbara.
Michael K. Fukuda, and Wilbert Lick. C1980,16p EP-
600/J-80-413
GrantEPA-R-805716
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research 85(C5), p2813-
28241980.
Presented in this study are experimentally measured
characteristics of the entrainment rate and settling
speeds of fine-grained, cohesive sediments in fresh-
water. The investigation focused on three different
sediments of varying mineral composition which are
representative of the sediments of Lake Erie. The influ-
ences of the bulk sediment water content and of the
mineral and size composition of the entrainment rate
and equilibrium concentration of these suspended
sediments were determined. Linear increases in the
bulk sediment water content resulted in logarithmic in-
creases in the entrainment rate and equilibrium con-
centration. For a limited range of shear stresses near
that needed to initiate noticeable entrainment the en-
trainment rate and equilibrium concentration increased
logarithmically as the applied shear stress was in-
creased linearly. For larger stresses, linear increases
in the applied shear stress caused approximately
linear increases in the entrainment rate and equilibrium
concentration, (Copyright (c) 1980 by the American
Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Settling, 'Entrainment, 'Suspended sedi-
ments, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie, Shear stress, Clay
minerals, Particle size, Ions, Mathematical models.
Sediment transport, Reprints.
PB83-244145 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Dlnoflagellate Phagotrophy In the Upper Great
Lakes. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Luanne C. Frey, and Eugene F. Stoermer. c19BO, 9p
CONTRIB-269, EPA-600/J-80-412
Grant EPA-R-806294
Pub. in Transactions of the American Microscopical
Society, v99 n4 p439-444 1980.
Phagotrophy is observed commonly in some dinofla-
gellate populations which occur in the Laurentian
Great Lakes. Ingested cells include representatives of
all major phytoplankton groups common in the area,
and occasional cells of benthic populations. There ap-
pears to be little selection on the basis of either cell
type or size. The size of cells ingested ranges from
small microflagellates to large centric diatoms ap-
proaching the volume of the dinoflagellate. No correla-
tion between depth in the water column or light avail-
ability and the abundance of phagotrophic populations
is apparent. Phagotrophic populations appear to be
distributed uniformly in the water column to depths as
great as 180 meters under both mixing and stratified
lake conditions.
Keywords: 'Dinoflagellata, 'lngestion(Biology), 'Nutri-
tion, 'Great Lakes, Particle size, Cells(Biology), Sands,
Photomicrographs, Depth, Mixing, Correlation,
DistributionfProperty), Stratification, Reprints, Phago-
trophy, Predator prey relationships.
PB83-244178 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Benzo(a)pyrene Concentrations In Somatic and
Gonad Tissues of Bay Mussels, 'Mytllus edulls'.
Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
Michael C. Mix, Susan J. Hemingway, and Randy L.
Schaffer. C1982, 9p EPA-600/J-82-344
Contract EPA-R-808000
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 28, p46-51 1982.
The purposes of the present study were to measure
benzo(a)pyrene concentrations in the somatic and go-
nadal tissues of mytilus edulis and determine whether
or not variations in those two tissue compartments
could be related to seasonal fluctuations.
Keywords: 'Tissues(Biology), Seasonal variations, Re-
prints, Mussels, Mytilus edulis, * Benzopyrenes,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-244186 Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neurobehavloral Consequences of Low Lead Ex-
posure In Childhood. Journal article,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. School of Medicine.
Herbert!. Needleman. C1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-345
Contract EPA-68-02-2217
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
P729-7321982.
Children attending non-remedial first and second
grades were classified according to the concentration
of lead in their shed deciduous teeth. Children in the
lowest and highest tenth percentile were studied with a
detailed neuropsychological battery under blind condi-
tions. Thirty-nine non-lead covariates were controlled
either by matching or in the biostatistical analysis. High
lead children tended to have significantly lower IO
scores particularly on the verbal scales of the WISC-R,
impaired auditory and language processing, increased
reaction times at longer intervals of delay. Their teach-
ers who were blind to the dentine lead levels found an
Increased incidence of disordered classroom behavior
in direct relationship to the concentration of lead in
their teeth.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Behavior, Chil-
dren, Exposure, Teeth, Concentration(Composition),
Attention, Reprints, 'Neurobehavior.
PB83-244194 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Growth Dynamics of 'Cladophora glomerate1 In
Western Lake Erie In Relation to Some Environ-
mental Factors. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
Richard C. Lorenz, and Charles E. Herdendorf. c1982,
15pEPA-600/J-82-356
Contract R-804612
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8, n1 p42-53
1982.
Cladophora was monitored at two sites in western
Lake Erie during 1979 and 1980 as part of a lake-wide
Lake Erie Cladophora Surveillance Program. Two dis-
tinctive zones within the littoral region were colonized
by the alga, the eulittoral (splash zone) and infralittoral
(defined in the present study as the 0.5-4 depth zone).
Cladophora of the eulittoral zone became established
in May and remained present until late fall. The infralit-
toral zone Cladophora exhibited a bimodal growth pat-
tern related to the seasonal temperature regime, with
growth occurring from April to July and again from Sep-
tember to November. The infralittoral zone supported
by the largest share of biomass, which resulted in nui-
sance accumulations upon the beaches in the island
region. Peak biomass was observed from mid-June to
early July, obtaining maximum values for the 1979 and
1980 seasons, respectively.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie, Moni-
toring, Growth, Seasonal variations, Temperature, Bio-
mass, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Underwater light, Turbid-
ity, Reprints, 'Cladophora.
PB83-244202 PC A02/MF A01
Acute Postnatal Exposure to Trlethyltln In the Rat:
Effects on Specific Protein Composition of Sub-
cellular Fractions from Developing and Adult
Brain. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
James P. O'Callaghan, Diane B. Miller, and Lawrence
W. Reiter. 1983, 9p EPA-600/J-83-031
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics 224, n2 p466-472 1983.
The morphological maturation of the central nervous
system is characterized by onto-genetic changes in
protein associated with specific developmental proc-
esses. In this investigation the authors examined the
effects of acute postnatal administration of trlethyltln
(TET) on the ontogeny of proteins associated with
myelinpgenesis, synaptogenesis and synapitc junction
formation. Myelin, synaptic plasma membrane and
synaptosomal cytosolic franctions were prepared from
13-, 22-, and 66-day-old Long-Evans rats that had re-
ceived either saline or TET (3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg l.p.) at 5
days of age. The specific protein composition of each
franction was evaluated by resolution of the fraction
proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamlde
slab gels.
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Protein, Central nervous system, Re-
prints, 'Triethyltin.
PB83-244210 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Remote Sensing of Particular Concentrations In
Water. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
Michael Sydor. C1980,10p EPA-600/J-80-420
Contract EPA-R-805667
Pub. in Applied Optics v19, n16 p2794-2BO01980.
Determination of residual radiance is essential in
remote sensing measurements of suspended solids in
the absence of real-time ground-truth data. The author
presents some typical background corrections for
Lake Superior and determine the spectral distribution
of the residual radiance from three major categories of
turbidity in the lake. The results tested with Landsat 2
digital tape data indicate that for large bodies of water
general information on atmospheric scattering, water
clarity, and optical properties of suspended solids en-
ables one to estimate the concentrations of particu-
lates to within + or - 0.5 mg/liter in the absence of real
-time ground-truth data. (Copyright (c) Optical Society
of America.)
Keywords: 'Turbidity, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Superi-
or, Concentration(Composition), Remote sensing,
Suspended sediments, Radiance, Clarity, Reprints,
Landsat 2 Satellite, Particulates.
PB83-244228 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Resistance to Photochemical Decomposition of
Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons Vapor-Ad-
sorbed on Coal Ry Ash. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
W. A. Korfmacher, E. L. Wehry, G. Mamantov, and D.
F. S. Natusch. C1980, 9p EPA-600/J-80-421
Contract R-803950
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 14, n9
P1094-10991980.
Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, anthracene, fluoranthene,
and phenanthrene) have been adsorbed, from the
1522 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vapor phase, onto coal fly ash, and the susceptibility of
each of the adsorbed compounds to photodecomposi-
tion has been studied. The environmental conse-
quences of the resistance of polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons adsorbed on fly ash to photochemical
transformation are discussed.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, *Fly
ash, 'Photochemistry, 'Decomposition, *Air pollution,
Adsorption, Environmental surveys, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Electric power plants, Pyrenes,
Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Reprints, Coal fired power
plants. Benxo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene.
PB83-244236 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab. Duluth, MN.
Vertical Mixing of Lake Sediments by Tublflcld
OUflOChaetas. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
J. B. Fisher, W. J. Lick, P. L. McCall, and J. A. Robbins.
C1980,13p EPA-600/J-80-424
Contract R-805716
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research 85, C7 p3997-
40061980.
Vertical mixing of lake sediments by tubificid oligo-
chaetes was studied in laboratory experiments by
using a radioactive (cesium 137 labeled sediment)
marker horizon. Results from these experiments were
used to develop and test a mathematical model de-
scribing tubificid sediment mixing as a dominantly ad-
vective process. Tubificids were found to mix sedi-
ments to a depth of 609 cm. The rate of tubificid sedi-
ment processing observed in the experiments agrees
well with those reported by other workers. Extrapola-
tion of laboratory results to Lake Erie shows that the
feeding activity of tubificids alone may result in signifi-
cant sediment mixing throughout the lake. (Copyright
(c) 1080 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Mixing, 'Sediments, 'Lake Erie,
Advaction, Isotopic labeling, Cesium, Mathematical
models, Substrates, Silts, Clay soils, Measurement,
Reprints, 'Bioturbation, Tubiflex tubifex.
PB83-244244 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Vertical-Structure Function* lor Time-Dependent
Flow In a Well-Mixed Fluid with Turbulent Bounda-
ry Layers at the Bottom and Top. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Physics.
James R. Baker, and Thomas F. Jordan. C1980,7p
EPA-600/J-80-425
Contract EPA-R-806020
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Oceanography 10, n10 p1691-
16941980.
The elements of an eigenlunction expansion lor time-
dependent currents as a function of depth are worked
out for viscosity that is given as a parabolic function of
depth that goes to zero at both the bottom and top of
the water. This yields currents with logarithmic behav-
ior characteristic of turbulent boundary layers at both
the bottom and top. Also, solutions are obtained for
the two viscosity functions that are half a parabola,
going to zero at either the bottom or top but not both.
Keywords: 'Fluid flow, Turbulent boundary layer, Vis-
cosity, Time dependence, Eigenvectors, Reprints.
PB83-244308 CP T18
UNAMAP: liter's Network tor Applied Modeling of
Air Pollution, Version 5. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. Bruce Turner, and Adrian D. Busse. Jul 83. mag
tape* EPA/DF-83/007
Supersedes PB81-164600.
Source tape is available in ASCII or EBCDIC character
•el. Character sets restrict preparation to 9 track, one-
half inch tape only. Identify recording mode by specify-
ing character set and density. Call NTIS Computer
Products if you have questions. Price Includes 37 relat-
ed documents.
The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollu-
tion (UNAMAPV Version 5 contains 31 air quality simu-
lation models. These models input emission and mete-
orological data to calculate projected air pollutant con-
centrations. Some of the models are: APRAC Com-
putes hourly averages of carbon monoxide for any
urban location; COM A dispersion model for long-term
quasi-stable pollutant concentrations; CDMQC COM
altered to provide implementation of calibration and of
averaging time transformations; CRSTER Estimates
ground-level concentrations resulting from up to 19
collocated elevated stack emissions; HIWAY Com-
putes the hourly concentrations of nonreactive pollut-
ants downwind of roadways; RAM Short-term gaus-
sian steady-state algorithm estimates concentrations
of stable pollutants; TCM A steady-state gaussian
plume model for determining long-term average pollut-
ant concentrations of nonreactive pollutants; TEM8 A
short term, steady-state gaussian plume model for de-
termining short-term concentrations of non-reactive
pollutants; VALLEY A steady state, univariate gaus-
sian plume dispersion algorithm; APRAC3 Contains
two modifications to APRAC; BLP A gaussian plume
dispersion model associated with aluminum reduction
plants; COMPLEX I A multiple point source code with
terrain adjustment representing a sequential modeling
bridge between Valley and COMPLEX II; ISCLT A
steady state gaussian plume model which can be used
to access pollutant concentrations from an industrial
source complex; LONGZ Diseinged to calculate the
long-term pollutant concentration produced at a large
number of receptors by emissions from multiple stact,
building and area sources; MESOPLUME A mesoscale
plume segment model designed to calculate concen-
trations of SO2 and SO4 over large distances; MPTER
A multiple point-source guassian model with optional
terrain adjustments; PAL A short-term gaussian
steady-state algorithm estimates concentrations of
stable pollutants from point, area, and line sources;
PTPLU A point source dispersion gaussian screening
model for estimating maximum surface concentrations
for one-hour concentrations; ROADWAY A finite differ-
ence model which predicts pollutant concentration
near a roadway; SHORTZ Designed to calculate the
short-term pollutant concentration produced at a large
number of receptors by emissions from multiple stack,
building and area sources; PTDIS Estimates short-
term concentrations directly downwind of a point
source at distances specified by the user; PTMAX Per-
forms an analysis of the maximum short-term concen-
trations from a single point source as a function of sta-
bility and wind speed; and PTMTP Estimates for a
number of arbitrarily located receptor points at or
above ground level, the concentrations from a number
of point sources...Software Description: The system is
written in FORTRAN for a UN I VAC 1100/83 computer
using the 3N-R2C operating system. 69K6-character
words are required to operate the least model of the
system.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, *Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Magnetic
tapes, Fortran, *Air quality, "UNAMAP models,
UNIVAC-1100 computers, UNIVAC-1100/83 comput-
PB83-245068 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Standards
and Limitations for the Metal Finishing Industry.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jun 83,187p« EPA-600-440/2-83-007
Errata sheet inserted.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued e-
fluent guidelines and limitations for the Metal Finishing
Industry in June 1983. This report estimates the eco-
nomic impact of pollution control costs in terms of
price changes, effects profitability, potential plant clo-
sures, unemployment, and other secondary effects. A
model plant approach is used to assess these impacts.
Keywords: 'Economic impacts, 'Metal finishing,
'Water pollution, Standards, Regulations, Cost analy-
sis, 'Best technology, New source performance stand-
ards.
PB83-246175 PC A04/MF A01
Directory of Federal and International Coordinat-
ing Groups for Toxic Substances, 3rd Edition,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Catherine A. Allin. May 83,61 p EPA-560/TIIS-83-004
This directory provides a ready reference to Federal
and international toxic chemical coordinating groups. It
should facilitate communication among agencies and
the groups themselves. Included are committees, task
forces, and other groups that coordinate functions of
Federal toxic control and testing agencies. There are
Federal, State, non-profit and pnvate sector members
on most of these groups. In third edition, international
coordinating groups have been included given the in-
creasing visibility of other countries' activities related
to chemicals.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Directories, Personnel, Orga-
nizations, National government, Pesticides, Asbestos,
Hazards, Carcinogens, Research projects, State gov-
ernment, Foreign countries.
PB83-245225 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental, Research Lab., Ada,
Ok.
Effect of Animal Grazing on Water Quality of Non-
point Runoff In the Pacific Northwest,
Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA.
Keith E. Saxton, Lloyd F. Elliott, Robert I. Papendick,
Michael D. Jawson, and David H. Fortier. Aug 83,149p
EPA-600/2-83-071
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Manage-
ment, Washington, DC.
This project was initiated to evaluate the effects of
summer grazing cattle in the winter precipitation re-
gions of the western intermountain basins of the
United States on the quality and quantity of nonpoint
surface runoff. Emphasis was placed on erosional,
chemical, and bacteriological characteristics of runoff
from a typically managed summer pasture to deter-
mine the potential contribution of this practice to non-
point source pollution. The results show that bacterial
quality is related to livestock, but there is considerable
doubt that indicator bacterial water quality standards
developed for point sources are appropriate for as-
sessing non-point source bacterial contamination.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Surface water runoff, 'Water
pollution, Stream flow, Agricultural wastes, Winter,
Grazing land, Soil erosion, Coliform bacteria, Feces,
Streptococcus, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Tempera-
ture, Hydrology, Monitoring, 'Nonpoint sources, Pacif-
ic Northwestern Region(United States), Unit hydro-
graphs, 'Agricultural watersheds.
PB83-245233 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Determination of Activated Sludge Bloklnetlc
Constanta for Chemical and Plastic Industrial
Waatewater*. Final rept. 1 Mar 80-31 Aug 82,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stilrwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
Don F. Kincannon, and Enos L. Stover. Aug 83,138p
EPA-600/2-83-073A
Contract EPA-R-806843
See also PB83-245241.
The most widely used method of wastewater treat-
ment is biological treatment. The use of kinetic models
to describe the behavior of a biological wastewater
treatment process has become widely accepted prac-
tice. The most often used kinetic models include those
developed by Eckenfeler, McKinney, Lawrence and
McCarty, and Gaudy. However, there has not been
enough information available to establish reliable
values for these kinetic constants for industrial
wastwaters. This project has determined the biokinetic
constants and fate for 24 toxic organic pollutants when
present in ahighhy biodegradable wastewater. This
study has produced a methodology for analysis of the
test results from biological activated sludge systems
for determining the biological variability inherent in
these types of systems. This study also investigated
the possibility of predicting the fate and effluent con-
centrations of the various priority pollutants. It was
found that good predictions for the priority pollutants
can be made.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Plastic industry.
'Water pollution control, 'Activated sludge process.
'Organic compounds. Reaction kinetics. Industrial
waste treatment, Concentration(Composition), 'Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment. 'Biokinetic con-
stants, Path of pollutants, Best technology.
PB83-245241 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
December 1983 1523
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Determination of Activated Sludge Bloklnetlc
Constants for Chemical and Plastic Industrial
Wastewatert: Appendix A-Raw Data. Final rapt. 1
Mar 80-31 Aug 82,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
Don F. Kincannon, and Enos L. Stover. Aug 83,309p
EPA-600/2-83-073B
Contract EPA-R-806843
See also PB83-245233.
The most widely used method of wastewater treat-
ment is bilogical treatment. The use of kinetic models
to describe the behavior of a biological wastewater
treatment process has become widely accepted prac-
tice, the most often used kinetic models include those
developed by Eckenfelar, McKinney, Lawrence and
McCarty, and Gaudy. However, there has not been
enough information available to establish reliable
values for these kinetic constants for industrial
wastewaters. This project has determined the biokine-
tic constants and fate for 24 toxic organic pollutants
when present in a highly biodegradable wastewater.
This study has produced a methodology for analysis of
the test results from biological activated sludge sys-
tems for determining the biological variability inherent
in these types of systems. This study also investiaged
the possibility of predicting the fate and effluent con-
centrations of the various priority pollutants. It was
found that good predictions for the priority pollutants
can be made. Appendix A was submitted as a supple-
ment to the full report in order to provide the raw data
for the numerous experiments conducted.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Plastic industry,
•Water pollution control, 'Activated sludge process,
'Organic compounds, Reaction kinetics, Industrial
waste treatment, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), 'Biological industrial waste treatment,
'Biokinetic constants, Path of pollutants, Best technol-
ogy.
PB83-245498 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Identification of Cost Factors for the Ocean Dis-
posal Alternative for Low-Level Radioactive
Waste,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Douglas Hill, and Vance L. Sailor. Mar 83,27p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
A set of economic ground rules is proposed for making
cost comparisons between various alternative options
for disposing of low-level radioactive wastes. Included
are procedures for converting all costs to a common
basis and a description of the types of costs that
should be included. The major cost factors are identi-
fied for several alternatives for the disposal of contami-
nated soils and neutron activated metallic structure. A
program for the actual cost analysis is outlined, and
manpower estimates for the studies are presented.
Keywords: Cost analysis, Cost comparison, Manpow-
er, Estimates, 'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Marine
disposal, 'Low-level radioactive wastes.
PB83-245837 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Combustion Modification Effects on
Emissions and Efficiency of Wood-Fired Industrial
Boilers. Final rept. Apr-Oct 79,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tidona, W. A. Carter, H. J. Buening. and S. S.
Cherry. Aug 83,92p EPA-600/7-83-042
Contract EPA-68-2-2645
The report gives results of full-scale tests to evaluate
combustion modifications (lower excess air and vari-
ations in the overfire air system operation) for emission
control and efficiency enhancement on two wood-fired
industrial boilers. Polycyclic organic matter (POM) was
sampled at both baseline and optimum low-NOx condi-
tions. Under baseline conditions, POM emissions were
similar to those of a coal-fired spreader stoker and an
Oil-fired boiler, but were well below those of a pulver-
ized-coal-fired boiler tested previously. For the wood-
fired boiler, POM emissions in the low-NOx mode were
higher than those at baseline.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Boilers, perform-
ance evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, 'Combustion modification, 'Wood burning ap-
pliances, Baseline measurements.
PB83-245878 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstration of Sewer Rellnlng by the Insltu-
form Process, Northbrook, Illinois,,
Driver, Olson-Degraff and Associates, Rockford, IL.
F. T. Driver, and M. R. Olson. Aug 83,88p EPA-600/2-
83-064
Grant EPA-R-806322
This study was initiated with the overall objective of de-
termining the effectiveness of a new process of lining
sewers called Insituform. Two test sections of sewer in
need of rehabilitation were lined to evaluate both the
effectiveness of the liner in eliminating infiltration and
the liner's effect on the flow characteristics of the
sewer. Physical characteristics of the installed liner
were tested by running destructive tests on speci-
mens.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Linings, Lining processes, Site
surveys. Installation, Ground water, Renovating, Cost
effectiveness, Insituform linings.
PB83-246082 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatment of Gaseous Emissions from Steel-
plants Containing Small Concentrations of Hydro-
carbon Vapors. Final rept. Sep 78-Apr 83,
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Ma-
terials Science and Engineering.
H. X. Lambert, and Julian Szekely. Aug 83,120p EPA-
600/2-83-065
Contract EPA-R-806050
The report gives results of an investigation of the feasi-
bility of using a shallow fluidized bed of activated char-
coal to remove small concentrations of hydrocarbon
vapors in the presence of water vapor. This system
can be applied to cleaning off-gases from sinterplants,
coke ovens, and/or foundries. The investigated range
of hydrocarbon vapors is 100-500 ng/cu cm air. It was
found that a shallow fluidized bed of activated charcoal
can efficiently remove hydrocarbons in preference to
moisture at 80 C. The overall mass transfer coefficient
can be calculated from data obtained in a laboratory
apparatus, and the influence of various parameters on
the overall reaction rate is discussed. A mathematical
model based on adsorption theory is presented, which
provides a means for testing the validity of the as-
sumptions and also for preliminary scale-up calcula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment. 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Hydrocar-
bons, Mathematical models, Adsorption, Sintering,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Concentration(Composition), 'Activated charcoal, Nu-
merical solution.
PB83-246090 PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of the Use of Solid Particle Sam-
plers for 'Glardla' Cysts In Natural Waters. Final
rept. 1 Apr-30 Sep 80,
Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
William S. Brewer. Aug 83,64p EPA-600/1-83-014
Grant EPA-R-807283
The primary objective of this study was to improve the
current methodology for concentrating, recovering,
and detecting cysts of Giardia lamblia in water sup-
plies. Two sampling processes for the concentration of
cysts were examined. One process was diatomaceous
earth filtration while the second was that of cyst con-
centration onto charged particles. Cysts of G. muris
were used to determine the retention efficiency of ion-
exchange resins and each type of diatomaceous earth
filter examined. Cyst desorption efficiencies were eval-
uated for ion-exchange resins that best retained cysts,
while backwashinc parameters were optimized for dia-
tomaceous earth filters.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Cysts, 'Filters,
Concentration(Composition), Detection, Recovery,
Particles, Efficacy, Water quality. Protozoa, 'Water
pollution detection, Giardia lamblia, Giardia muris, Par-
ticipates.
PB83-246108 PC A03/MF A01
Waterborne Outbreaks In the United States, 1971-
81,
Health Effects Research Lab.. Cincinnati, OH.
Gunther F. Craun, Steven C. Waltrip, and Arthur F.
Hammonds. Aug 83, 46p EPA-600/D-83-111
Since 1971 the Environmental Protection Agency and
the Center for Disease Control have cooperated in the
investigation and reporting of waterborne outbreaks in
the United States. Three hundred and twenty water-
borne outbeaks affecting 77,989 individuals were re-
ported during 1971-80 by 43 states and Puerto Rico.
Three deaths were associated with these outbreaks.
Thirty-five outbreaks and 4,450 cases of waterborne
disease were reported in 1981. Most outbreaks oc-
curred in noncommunity water systems but most of the
disease resulted from outbreaks in community water
systems. There is a seasonal distribution of outbreaks
in noncommunity and individual water systems with
most outbreaks occurring in the summer months and
affecting primarily travelers, visitors to recreational
areas, campers, and restaurant patrons.
Keywords: 'Infectious diseases, 'Toxicology, Public
health, Epidemiology, Bacteria, Etiology, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Pathogens, Toxic substances,
Drinking water, 'Environmental health.
PB83-246116 PC A02/MF A01
Event-Related Brain Potentials: An Alternative
Methodology for Neurotoxlcological Research,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trial
Triangle
Park, NC.
David A. Otto. Aug 83,18p EPA-600/D-83-105
One of the problems encountered in studies of glue
sniffing, and other types of solvent poisoning is addic-
tion. This problem also afflicts researchers who tend to
become addicted to a particular methodology. This
paper will review some alternatives to the behavioral
methods to which many of us have become addicted.
These alternatives include sensory evoked potentials
and event-related slow potentials of the brain. Evoked
potentials are sensitive, clinically proven, indices of
sensory deficits, while event-related slow potentials
are sensitive, albeit experimental, indices of cognitive
dysfunction. Evidence is accumulating that evoked
and slow potential measures may also be sensitive in-
dices of neurotoxic effect.
Keywords: 'Drug addiction, 'Poisoning, 'Behavior,
'Evoked potentials, 'Neurotoxicology.
PB83-246124 PC A02/MF A01
High Resolution PCS (Polychlorinated Blphenyls)
Analysis,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. Safe, M. Mullin, L. Safe, C. Pochini, and S.
McCrindle. Aug 83, 17p EPA-600/D-83-095
The potential environmental and health impact of
PCBs must account not only for the integrated quanti-
tation of the PCBs mixtures but also the concentra-
tions of the specific congeners which are potentially
toxic. The authors confirm the feasibility of high resolu-
tion PCB analysis of commercial and environmental
PCB mixtures. They anticipate using this approach to
accurately measure the concentrations of the specific
PCB isomers in environmental and biological samples
and to determine the effects of PCB structures on the
ecological dynamics of this complex group of chemi-
cals.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Public health,
'Chemical analysis, Ecology, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Samples, Gas
chromatography. Feasibility, Mass spectroscopy, 'Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclor 1260, Electron capture
detectors. AroclorL 1254, Aroclor 1016.
PB83-246132 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Respiratory Effects on Population from Low-
Level Exposures to Ozone,
Arizona Univ. Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
1524 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. D. Lebowitz, C. J. Holberg, and R. R. Dodge. 1983,
l2pEPA-600/D-83-108
Qrante EPA-R-805318, N01-HL-1-4136
A symptom stratified, geographic cluster sample of
117 mlddleclass households (211 subjects) was stud-
tod in Tucson, AZ. Dally symptom diaries and peak
flows were obtained. Included were 24 white children
age 5 to 25 (mlddleclass) with total person days of
1512 and adults by chronic symptom group.
Keywords: *Ozone, 'Toxicology, Humans, Arizona,
Sign* and symptoms, Exposure, Smoking, Indoor at-
mospheres, Respiratory system, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), tuscon(Arlzona).
PM3-246140 PC A03/MF A01
Development of • User Charge and Cost Monitor-
Ing System for Wastewater Collection and Treat-
ment A Cass Study,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Robert M. Clark, and James I. Glllean. Aug 83, 32p
EPA-600/D-83-109
prepared In cooperation with ACT Systems, Inc.,
Winter Park, FLPortiona of this document are not fully
legible.
Since 1956 the Federal government has committed
over 35 billion dollars to Improve the capabilities of the
Nation's municipal treatment facilities. Traditionally
EPA has paid 75% of the capital cost of these facili-
ties. In the future the amount of cost sharing for
wastewater facilities Is likely to decrease, thereby re-
quiring municipal sources to increase their cost sharing
responsibility. Such a change In funding will no doubt
force more and more municipal wastewater depart-
ments to develop a 'utility' approach to financing sew-
erage activities. The report describes a cost analysis
aynem designed to provide the basic data for a utility
approach leading to financial self-support for municipal
wastewater activities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban areas, 'Cost
analysis, 'Water treatment devices, Capitalized costs,
Collection, Water pollution control, Kentucky, Florida,
•Water costs, 'Kenton County(Kentucky),
•Tampa(Florlda), 'Cost sharing.
PB83-2461S7 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development, Design, and Operation of a Cas-
' Impactor to Collect Aerosol Samples for
The land disposal of API separator sludges was inves-
tigated with regard to decomposition rates or organic
constituents and the possible impact of these materi-
als on plants and surface water or groundwater quality.
Two oily sludges (one from a petroleum refinery and
one from a petrochemical plant) were studied as to
their phytotoxicity, biodegradability in soils, water-solu-
ble constituents, and field mobility. The water-soluble
compounds in both sludges were low indegradability,
potentially toxic, and extremely mobile In high concen-
trations. These results indicate a need for careful man-
agmement of land treatment sites to avoid groundwat-
er contamination. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)
combined with column chromatography is recom-
mended for effective monitoring of oily wastes applied
to soils.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
•Petrochemistry, 'Refineries, 'Petroleum industry, De-
composition, Plants(Botany), Surface water, Ground
water, Industrial wastes, Toxlcity, Biodeterioration,
Transport properties, Solubility, Gas chromatography,
Sampling, 'Land disposal, 'Water quality.
PB83-247165 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Activated Carbon Procasa for the Treatment of
Cadmlum(ll)-Contalnlng Waatawatara. Final rept.,
Delaware Univ., Newark.
C. P. Huang. Aug 83,120p EPA-800/2-83-061
Grant EPA-R-805835
The removal of cadmium(ll) from two synthetic cadmi-
um plating wastewaters by an activated carbon ad-
sorption process has been investigated. Among the 17
different types of activated carbon tested, it was found
that the acidic activated carbons, namely Nuchar SA
and Nuchar SN exhibited the greatest Cd(ll) removal
capacity. Chemical regeneration with strong acid of
the exhausted carbon was examined, along with ther-
mal-chemical process. Two Cd(lf) treatment schemes
were proposed, together with an economic evaluation
of each scheme. The cost of the activated carbon ad-
sorption process was also compared with several
treatment processes Including insoluble sulflde pre-
cipitation, alkaline neutralization precipitation, and ion
exchange process.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Cadmium, 'Electroplating, Industrial waste
treatment, Performance evaluation, Economics,
Preclpitatlon(Chemistry), Comparison,
Regeneratlon(Engineerlng).
Anthony S. Donigian, Jr., James L. Baker, Douglas A.
Haith, and Michael F. Walter. Aug 83,117p EPA-600/
3-83/066
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames
and Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
This report describes a research effort to quantitatively
assess the effects of selected agricultural practices on
runoff, erosion and chemical processes, and to quanti-
fy the associated adjustments to model parameters
based on the current state-of-the-art. Although the
specific parameter changes are particular to the EPA's
Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF)
and Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model
used in this study, the information presented is gener-
ally applicable and should be pertinent to many
models with similar representations of the relevant
processes. Conventional practices and candidate
BMPs for watersheds in Iowa are discussed as a basis
for predicting BMP impacts on relevant processes.
Keywords: 'Horticultural wastes, 'Runoff, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Reviews, Mathematical models, Soil erosion,
Fertilizers, Pesticides, Livestock, Nitrogen, Residues,
Cultivation, Sediment transport, Fluid infiltration, Nutri-
ents, Field tests, Iowa, 'Best management practices,
•ARM model.
PB83-247197 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Alternative Collection and Treat-
ment Methods for Three Small Kansas Communi-
ties. Final rept.,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Kenneth C. Wiswall, and Alice L. Lenthe, Aug 83,70p
EPA-600/2-83-063
Contract EPA-68-03-2775
The report documents an evaluation of nonconven-
tional alternative wastewater management technol-
ogies for three small communities in Kansas. When
this evaluation was initiated, all three communities had
applied for construction grants, and had had facility
plans prepared. In the onginal facility planning effort,
alternative technologies,' as defined by the Clean
Water Act of 1977, were not fully considered. The
study included an assessment of existing onslte
Wavelength Dlsperalve X-Ray Fluorescence Anal-
yele. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
L, Q. Felix, 0. H. Hussey, and J. 5. McCain. Aug 83,
Bflp EPA-600/3-83-073
Contract EPA-68-02-2992
The goal of this research project was to design and
construct a particle sizing device that will collect end
eize source emitted aerosols on 47 mm diameter sub-
strates for subsequent wavelength dispersive x-ray flu-
orescence analysis. Calibration studies were conduct-
ed with a prototype unit designed to allow various silt
widths and let to plate spaclngs. These studies provid-
ed the design criteria used for dimensioning the final
Impactor. with this sampling system samples can be
readily collected which can be directly analyzed by
wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis for
elemental composition. No sample preparation will be
required other than mounting the substrate in a carrier
for the analysis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, *X-ray fluores-
cence, 'Chemical analysis, 'Particle size, Samples,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation. Calibrating,
Substrates, Field tests, 'Cascade impactors, 'Air pol-
hiton detection.
PfM3-24714B PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Testability of Refinery and Petrochemical
Sludges. Final rept. 10 Oct 77-30 Mar 82,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, L. E. Deuel, Jr., and J. C. Thomas. Aug
83.206p EPA-600/2-83-074
Grant EPA-R-805474
PB83-247163 PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Microbiological Alterations In Distributed Water
Treated with Granular Activated Carbon. Final
rept,,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY.
Charles N. Haas, Michael A. Meyer, Marc S. Pallor,
Michael A. Zapkln, and Donald B. Aulenbach. Aug 83,
198pEPA-600/2-83-062
Grant EPA-R-807172
Prepared In cooperation with Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chi-
cago.
The goal of this protect was to examine the effect of
granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment on the mi-
crobiological characteristics of potable water in distri-
bution systems. Data was collected from both field and
pilot plant studies. Field monitoring studies from two
water treatment plants indicate that treatment with
GAC effects an Increase in standard plant count (SPC)
organisms. No other effect was observed. Post-chtor-
inatlon negated the impact of the Increase in SPC or-
ganisms.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Microorganisms
controlfWater), 'Activated carbon treatment, Potable
water, Distribution systems, Coliform bacteria, Chlo-
rine, Residues, Pilot plants, Growth, Chlorination, Bac-
teria, Correlation techniques.
PB83-247171 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-FOR-
TRAN) Parameters Adjustments to Evaluate the
Effects of Agricultural Beat Management Prac-
tices. Final rept.,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
of several alternative systems for each community.
Present worth costs and annual user costs were devel-
oped. Recommendations are offered basin on the
analysis of technical feasibility, cost-effectiveness,
economic Impact, and operational Impact, and oper-
ational Implementabillty.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Urban areas, Water
treatment devices, Grants, Construction, Evaluation,
Substitutes, Water pollution, Feasibility, Cost effective-
ness, Economic factors, Kansas, Alternative planning.
PB83-247205 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Physiological and Hlstopathologlcal Evaluation of
Dlthiocarbamate Toxlcity to the Qraas Shrimp,
•Paleemonatea Puglo',
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Blot-
K. Ranga Rao, Daniel G. Doughtie, and Philip J.
Conklln. Aug 83,40p EPA-600/ D-83-102
Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the
acute toxicity of dithiocarbamates (Aquatreat and
Busan) to molting grass shrimp and the effects of
these fungicides on regenerative limb growth in grass
shrimp. Results indicate that both dithiocarbamate for-
mulations caused a dose-related inhibition or regener-
ative limb growth in grass shrimp. The number of days
to molting was not significantly altered by Aquatreat or
Busan-exposure, indicating that dithiocarbamates pri-
marily exert their effects on the developing limb bud
tissue rather than through the neuroendocnn system.
Toxicity tests on Aquatreat DNM-30 (96 h LC50:127
ppb) and Busan 85 (96 h LCSO: 49 ppb) revealed that
dithiocarbamates are toxic to molting grass shrimp.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, "Fungicides,
Shrimp, Dosage, Inhibitors, Growth regulators, Histolo-
gy, Pathology, Thiocarbamates, 'Aquatreat DNM 30,
'Busan 85, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Palae-
monetes pugio, Histopathology, Molting, Carbamte
acid/dimethyT-dithio-(potassium-salt), Carbamte acid/
December 1983 1525
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dimethyl-dithio-(sodium-salt), Carbamic acid/ethylene-
bisdithio-(disodium-salt).
PB83-247213 PCA11/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NO.
Chemistry and Mode of Action of Insecticides.
Phase 2. Final rept. 15 Feb 76-31 May 81,
California Univ., Riverside.
T. H. Fukuto, R. B. March, and T. A. Miller. Jun 82,
237pEPA-600/1-82-011
Grant EPA-R-804345
See also PB-249 669.
The report summarizes research results and progress
in the following general areas concerned with chemis-
try, metabolism and mode of action of organophos-
phorus, carbamate, and organochlorine insecticides.
Contents: Insecticide metabolism and mode of action,
Insecticide selectivity, Structure-activity relationships,
Biological and environmental-alteration of insecticides,
Effect of impurities on the potentiation of organophos-
phorus insecticides, Delayed toxicity of trialkyl phos-
phorothioates, Delayed neurotoxicity of organophos-
phorus esters, Mode of action of phosphorarmdoth-
loate esters, Gas chromatography of insecticides,
Neurophysiological studies on the mode of action of
insecticides.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, Metabolism, De-
toxification, Biochemistry, Physiology, Nervous
system, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Growth regulators,
Neurophysiology, Phosphorous organic compounds,
Carbamates.
PB83-247221 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
ImmunoaMays for the Diagnosis of Rotavlrus and
Norwalk Virus Infections. Rept. for May 81-May 82,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
George Cukor, Sarah Cheeseman, and Neil R.
Blacklow. Aug 83,21p EPA-600/D-83-114
Grant EPA-R-808801
Acute viral gastroenteritis is an extremely common ill-
ness that affects all age groups throughout the world
and occurs in both epidemic and endemic forms.
Among illnesses affecting United States families, it is
second in frequency only the common cold. The dis-
ease is usually self-limited, although it can be lethal to
the malnourished, elderly, debilitated or infant patient.
The two viral pathogens currently known to have medi-
cally important etioiogic roles in human gastroenteritis,
rotavirus and Norwalk virus, were discovered during
the 1970's by electron microscopy. Development of
rapid diagnostic immunoassays for these viruses has
led to an understanding of their epidemiology and
medical importance. This book chapter discusses the
radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the enzyme immunoas-
say (EIA) procedures used to detect these viral agents.
Keywords: 'Viral diseases, 'Infections diseases,
•Diagnols, Enteritis, Gastritis.
PB83-247239 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Test Procedure for Uranium In Drinking Water: In-
tertaboratory Collaborative Study,
Monsanto Research Corp., Miamisburg, OH. Mound
Facility
C. A. Phillips, and C. T. Bishop. Aug 83,42p
Contract DE-AC04-76-DP00053
The method of analysis used in this study is a simpli-
fied version of a method that measures the uranium
isotopic concentrations in the sample by alpha spec-
trometry. This method measures total uranium alpha
activity, the measurement needed for a gross alpha
assessment of a drinking water sample. The purpose
of the collaborative study of the selected test proce-
dure Is to determine what precision and accuracy can
be expected by the use of the procedure by any com-
petent laboratory In the analysis of drinking water sam-
ples for alpha activity contributed by the uranium In the
water samples.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Uranium, 'Potable water,
Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composrtion), Alpha particle spectros-
copy, 'Water pollution detection. Procedures.
PB83-247247 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Criteria and Non-Criteria Pollutants
from Coal/Oil Mixture Combustion Final rept. Feb
81-Feb 82,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. E. Kelly, R. M. Parks, and J. H. E. Stalling. Aug 83,
211pEPA-600/7-83-040
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes the existing data base on NOx,
SO2, and participate emissions from combustion
sources burning coal/oil mixtures (COMs). The need
for the U.S. to reduce its dependence on oil and
expand its use of coal has prompted a number of in-
dustrial and utility energy producers to investigate con-
verting their sites from the exclusive combustion of oil
to combustion of COMs. Under contract to EPA and
DOE, Radian has identified and evaluated emission
control technologies that could be retrofitted to boilers
to control criteria and non-criteria air pollutants. The
report also gives emissions data for the trace elements
As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Se, and V. It identifies control
techniques that can reduce the emissions of these pol-
lutants. These techniques are assessed for their effi-
ciency to reduce the emissions from COM combustion
to levels representative of oil firing. Capital costs, oper-
ating expense, and overall llfecycle costs are also dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Coal, Fuel
oil, Mixtures, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Operating costs, Capital-
ized costs, Air pollution control equipment, Sulfur diox-
ide, Trace elements, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Cost analysis, 'Coal oil mixtures,
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB83-247395 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of an S2 Sampler for Receptor Model-
Ing of Woodsmoke Emissions,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
David C. Stiles. Aug 83,20p EPA-600/D-83-099
The Source Signature (squared S) sampler was devel-
oped to characterize the carbon (C) and elemental
components in fine particulate emissions from a resi-
dential wood burner. The hot exhaust is sampled and
diluted with filtered air to simulate normal diffusion.
The resulting aerosol is passed through a 2.5-mu m cy-
clone and the remaining particles collected on two par-
allel 1-mu m filers, one quartz and one Teflon. The
quartz filter allows analysis of carbon content and the
Teflon filter allows elemental analysis by x-ray fluores-
cence. Both filters are also weighed to determine the
mass-emission rate. The test program's main objec-
tives were (1) to test and improve the performance of
the method, and (2) to make a laboratory measure-
ment of the elemental composition including the
carbon component to establish a source signature for
use in receptor modeling.
Keywords: 'Mass, 'Fines, 'Air pollution, 'X-ray fluo-
rescence, 'Samplers, 'Chemical analysis, Mathemati-
cal models, Particles, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Comparison, 'Wood stoves, 'Air quality,
•Source signature samplers, 'Air pollution sampling,
Air pollution detection.
PB83-247403 PC A02/MF A01
Evidence of Changes In CNS Function at Low-to-
Moderate Blood Lead Levels In Children: A Chal-
lenge to Currently Accepted Threshold Limits,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
David Otto, Vernon Benignus, Keith Muller, and Curtis
Barton. Aug 83,23p EPA-600/D-83-116
The Centres for Disease Control (1978) designated 30
mlcrograms/dl blood lead (PbB) and 50 mlcrograms/
dl erymrocite protorphyrin as the upper 'safe' limits of
body burden, threshold values that are widely accept-
ed In clinical practice today.
Keywords: 'Lead poisoning, 'Central nervous system,
'Toxicology, Brain, Toxic diseases, Blood, Children,
Physiological effects, Pathology, Maximum permissi-
ble exposure, Heavy metals.
PB83-247411 PC A02/MF A01
Impact of Enhanced Solar UV-B Radiation Upon
the Marine Ecosystem,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Robert C. Worrest. Aug 83,11 p EPA-600/D-83-101
Proceedings of an International Workshop on Biologi-
cal Effects of UV-B Radiation, Munich, West Germany,
May 25-27,1982.
For years scientist and laymen alike have casually
noted the impact of solar ultraviolet radiation upon the
nonhuman component of the biosphere. It was not
until recently, when human activities were thought to
threaten the protective stratospheric ozone shield, that
researchers undertook intensive studies into the bio-
logical stress caused by the previously slighted short-
wavelength edge of the global solar spectrum. Strato-
spheric ozone functions 220-320 nm waveband as It
penetrates through the atmosphere, thus allowing only
small amounts ot the longer wavelengths of radiation
in this waveband to leak through to the surface of the
earth. Although this radiation (UV-B radiation, 290-320
nm) comprises only a small fraction (less than 1 %) of
the total solar spectrum, it can have a major impact on
biological systems due to its actinic nature.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Radiation effects, Ultraviolet
radiation, 'Solar radiation, Marine biology, 'Marine
ecosystems, Biological effects.
PB83-247429 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park ,NC.
Particle Class Balance Receptor Model for Aero-
sol Apportionment In Syracuse, New York,
State Univ. of New York Coll. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Forestry, Syracuse.
David L. Johnson, and Brian L. Mclntyre. 1983,18p
EPA-600/D-83-103
Contract EPA-R-809760
Scanning electron miscroscopy interfaced with auto-
mated image analysis and x-ray energy spectroscopy
(SAX) can be employed for individual particle charac-
terization of aerosol samples in a time efficient
manner. Such an individual particle analysis partition-
ing of the bulk chemical data provides a new perspec-
tive on the heterogeneity of ambient aerosols. As parti-
cles are individuals, it is possible to increase the
source resolution of conventional receptor modejs
which are based on bulk chemical analyses. This
paper presents a particle class balance (PCS) which is
directly analogous, in mathematical approach, to the
Chemical mass balance types of receptor models.
Samples of ambient aerosol and potential source ma-
terials from Syracuse, NY were characterized by SAX.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Mathematical models, *X-ray
spectroscopy, 'Mass, Particles, Sources, Least
square method, Sampling, 'Particle class balance
model, Syracuse(New York), Point sources.
PB83-247437 PC A02/MF A01
Status of Research to Develop Acidic Dry Deposi-
tion Monitoring Capability,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jack L. Durham, Bruce B. Hicks, Marvin L. Wesely,
Rosa G. de Pena, and Dennis R. Thomson. Aug 83,
12pEPA-600/D-83-093
Dry deposition is thought to be as Important as wet
deposition in acidifying ecosystems. However, at
present acidic dry deposition of relevant particles and
gases cannot be monitored directly in a quantitative
manner. The U.S. EPA Workshop on Dry Deposition
(Report No. EPA-600/9-80-050) recommended that
dry deposition velocities be parameterized as a func-
tion of micrometeorology and surface type to permit
the use of ambient pollutant concentration data for in-
ferring dry flux ('concentration monitoring' technique).
Also, the micrometeorologlcal technique's variance,
modlfied-Bowen ratio, and eddy accumulation were
Identified as candidates for development as dry flux
monitors for network stations. This approach has been
adopted by the task group on 'Deposition Monitoring of
Acidic Substances' of the Interagency Task Force on
Acid Precipitation. Research monitoring stations have
been established at Oak Ridge, TN, Argonne, IL. and
University Park, PA for the purpose of intercomparlng
'concentration monitoring', the three previously Identi-
fied micrometeorological techniques, and eddy corre-
lation. Intercomparison tests are being performed for
1526 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SO2, N02, HNO3, NH3, 03, and participate SO4(-2).
NO3(-1), and NH4(+1). The status of methods devel-
opment and performance is presented.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Air pollution, pH, Sampling,
Particles, Gases, Sulfates, Nitrates, Ammonium, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, 'Dry deposition,
'Acid rain, Ecosystems.
PM3-247445 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Relea*e of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls from Con-
taminated Lak« Sediments: Flux and Apparent Dlf-
fualvltlM of Four Individual PCBs. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OM.
J. Berton Fisher, Robert L. Petty, and Wilbert Lick.
C1983,15pEPA-600/J-83-035
Grant EPA-R-807308
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Santa
Barbara.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series B) 5, p121-132
1983.
The release of four individual polychlorlnated biphen-
yls (2,3',5-trichloroblphenyl. 2,2',4.5'-tetrachlrobl-
phanyl, 2,2',4,5,S'- and 2,2',3',4,5-pentachlorobi-
phenyl) from heavily contaminated Waukegan Harbor,
Illinois, USA, sediments was studied in a laboratory mi-
crocosm. Polychlorinated biphenyls released from the
sediments to overlying water were collected on a poly-
urethane foam trap. Release rate was a function of
sediment concentration, chlorine substitution pattern
and degree of chlorination. Because of their small ap-
parent dlffuslvity, PCBs in contaminated sediments are
quickly removed from communication with overlying
water if the sediments are not affected by physical re-
suspension, bioturbation or bioaccumulation.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Diffusivity,
'Flux density, 'Chemical analysis, Great Lakes, Trans-
port properties, Concentration(Composition), Runoff,
Chlorine organic compounds, Sampling, Gas chroma-
tography. Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Path
of pollutants, 'Water pollution detection, Biphenyl/
trichloro, Biphenyl/tetrachloro, Biphenyl/pentachloro,
Air-water interfaces, Aroclor, Micrososm.
PM3-247452 PC A02/MF A01
Dynamic Dilution System for Auditing Ambient
Sulfur Dioxide Analyzer*. Project summary rapt.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
William F. Barnard, and Ronald E. Brands. Aug 83,21 p
EPA-600/D-83-115
This paper discusses the development, evaluation,
and field performance of a device designed to provide
accurate sulfur dioxide concentration standards suita-
ble for auditing the accuracy of continuous, ambient
SO2 monitors. This compact, lightweight, device has
been subjected to extensive testing and found to be a
reliable and accurate SO2 audit system. A discussion
of the evaluation and acceptance testing as well as the
results from two years of field audits Is presented.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide. 'Monitors, 'Auditing, 'Gas
detectors, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Concentratton(Comp08ltion), Standards, Air pollution,
•Air pollution detection.
PB83-247460 Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Quit Breeze, FL
QuH Breeze Environmental Research Lab.
Seasonal Variations of Arsenic and Other Trace
Elements In Bay Mussels 'Mytilus edulls' (Journal
Version).
Oregon State Univ., Corvallls. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
Y. David La louche, and Michael C. Mix. c1982,9p
EPA-600/J-82-379
Grant EPA-CR-80800
Pub. In Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
ToxteotOfly 29, 0605-670,1982.
The purposes of this study were to Investigate season-
al variations of arsenic In a population of Day mussels
(Mytilus edulls) and to compare results with variations
of several other trace elements more commonly meas-
ured in environmental studies. Seasonal variations of
manganese, nickel, cooper, zinc, and cadmium were
Investigated previously but arsenic and Its relationship
wtth those metals is reported first time.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Trace elements, 'Toxicology,
Metalloids, Seasonal variations, Comparison, Environ-
ments, Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Mussels, Bioaccumulation, Mytilus edulis.
PB83-247478 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of p-Cresol on Photosynthetlc and Respi-
ration Rates of a Filamentous Green Alga (Spiro-
gyra). Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Zoology.
Jean Stout, and Susan S. Kilharn. c1983,8p EPA-600/
J-83-034
Grant EPA-R-807555
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 30, p1-5,1983.
Development of coal gasification plants in the United
States for the generation of electrical power (Spencer
et al. 1982) may increase the probability of accidental
spills of coal-derived phenols and monohydrlc cresol
isomers into streams and rivers. Although Europe has
experienced several accidental spills from coal fired
electrical plants and phenol producing plants (Alabas-
ter et al. 1973), more Information is needed as to bio-
logical effects of cresols in aquatic ecosystems. This
paper presents data on physiological effects of a
phenol derivative, p-cresol, on physiological rates of a
major biotic component, Spirogyra sp., in many slow-
moving, low gradient streams in the United States.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Coal gasification, 'Electric power
plants, 'Water pollution. ^Respiration, 'Photosynthe-
sis, Cresols, Exposure Phenols, Toxicity, Reprints,
•Chemical spills, 'Spirogyra.
PB83-247486 PC A02/MF A01
PCBs (Polychlorlnated Biphenyls): Structure-Ac-
tivity Relationship*,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. Safe, A. Parkinson, L. Robertson, T. Sawyer, and S.
Bandiera. Aug 83,25p EPA-600/D-83-096
This report summarizes research on the chemical and
lexicological characterization of PCB's. Results on the
synthesis and characterization of all 209 PCB's and
subsequent identification of individual PCB compo-
nents in commercial mixtures and environmental sam-
ples are reported. This was essential for research re-
lating the toxicity and biologic effects of commercial
mixtures to chemical structure. The results of struc-
ture-activity research with the various congeners on
several biological systems are also reported.
Keywords: 'Chemical properties, 'Toxicology,
Synthesis(Chemistry). Molecular structure, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Samples, En-
zymes, Laboratory animals, Humans, Metabolism, Re-
prints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls. Aroclor 1260.
PB83-247494 PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada.
OK.
Wastewater Treatment wtth Plant* In Nutrient
Film*. Rnal rept. Oct 79-Jun 82,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Ithaca. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
W. J. Jewell, J. J. Madras, W. W. Clarkson, H.
DeLancey-Pompe, and R. M. Kabrick. Aug 83,626p
EPA-600/2-83-667
Grant EPA-R-807134
Sponsored In part by Office of Water Research and
Technology, Washington, DC.
The nutrient film technique (NFT) is a unique modifica-
tion of a hydroponlc plant growth system which utilizes
plants growing on an impermeable surface. A thin film
of water flowing through the extensive root system
provides nutrients for plants and associated microWal
growth. Root masses up to 15 cm thick or more have
been obtained. This self-generating plant system could
be used as a filter to immobilize and use the gross and
trace organlcs in wastewater. The goal of this study
was to determine the economic, technical, and practi-
cal feasibility of using plants grown In the NFT system
as pollution control systems. NFT systems appear ca-
pable of providing secondary quality treatment with
some nutrient removal on a relatively small area com-
pared to overland flow systems. At loading rates of 10
cm per day the effluent quality wtth primary settled
sewage was often less than 10 mg/l for suspended
solids and biochemical oxygen demand. Estimated
area needs of an NFT system designed for BOD and
SS removal appear to be approximately 3 hectares for
a community of 10,000 people.
Keywords: 'Aquaculture, 'Plants(Botany), 'Sewage,
treatment, Nutrients, Microorganisms, Plant growth,
Feasibility, Water pollution control. Area, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Grasses, Nitrogen cycle, Potable
water, Plant physiology, Plant growth, Comparison,
Tolerances(Physiology), Greenhouses, Ornamental
plants, Graphs(Charts), 'Nutrient Film technique, 'Hy-
droponics, Secondary sewage treatment.
PB83-247569 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of Selected Dye Carrier* U**d In
Commercial Dyeing of Hydrophoblc Fibers. Final
rept. Aug 80-Apr 83,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
Kwan-nan Yeh, and B. F. Smith. Aug 83,111 p EPA-
600/2-83-068
Contract EPA-R-807663
The report gives results of an evaluation of toxicities of
dyebath discharges from atmospheric dyeing of poly-
ester fiber/fabric with three commercial dye carriers:
trlchlorobenzine (TCB), blphenyl (BP), and 0-phenyl
phenol (OPP). First, criteria were established to rank
the priority of all commercial dye carriers, based on
known toxicities and volumes of consumption. Biologi-
cal testing and chemical analyses were carried out on
the discharges of these dyebath systems. Bioassays
included: (1) Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagene-
sis assay, (2) acute in-vivo mouse quantal assay, and
(3) aquatic ecological assay with Daphnia magna. Ana-
lytical procedures were established for both qualitative
identification and quantitative determination of key
dyebath components.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Dyeing, "Toxteity, "Poly-
ester fibers, Bioassay, Chemical analysis, Biphenyl,
Mutagens, In vivo analysis. Laboratory animals. Mice,
Ultra violet spectroscopy, Sampling, Textile industry,
'Water pollution detection, Benzene/trichloro,
Phenol/phenyl, High performance liquid chromatogra-
phy.
PB83-24758S PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Status of Dry SO2 Control Systems: Fall 1962.
Final rept. Mar 82-Feb 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. E. Kelly, and M. A. Palazzolo. Aug 63,179p EPA-
600/7-83-041
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB81 -218976.
The report, updating the status of dry SO2 control sys-
tems for coal-fired utility and industrial boilers in the
U.S. through the Fall of 1982, is based on current and
recent research, research and development, and com-
mercial activities. Systems addressed include: (1)
spray dryer/fabric fitter or electrostatic precipitate*
(ESP), (2) dry injection of alkali into flue gas followed
by collection of particulates, (3) combustion of coal/
alkali mixtures, and (4) electron-beam (E-beam) irra-
diation followed by paniculate matter collection. Sys-
tems (1) and (2) provide both SO2 and paniculate
matter removal; (3) and (4) provide simultaneous SO2
and NOx control. Of the four systems, only spray
drying has been commercialized; E-beam Irradiation
has not been tested beyond pilot scale. Including four
new utility systems sold since the last status report
(Fall 1981) brings the total capacity served by dry flue
gas desulfurizatjon (FGD) to about 6200 MWe.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, Electrostatic predpitators. Particles, Nitrogen
oxides, Electron beams. Spray drying, Air filters, Flue
gases, Electric power plants, Coal fired power plants.
Fabric filters, Dry methods. Limestone injection. Flue
gas desulfurization.
PBM-247TO3 PC A03/MF A01
Identification and Evaluation of Fundamental
Transport and Transformation Proeaaa Model*.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Lawrence A. Bums. 1983,49p EPA-600/D-82-047
Presented at Workshop: Modeling the Fate of Chemi-
cals in the Aquatic Environment, Pellston, Michigan
August 17-21,1981.
December 1983 1527
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemical fate models require explicit algorithms for
computing the effects of transformation and transport
processes on the spatial and temporal distribution of
chemical concentrations. Transport processes in
aquatic systems are driven by physical characteristics
on the system and include hydrodynamic transport,
sorptlon-desorption, sediment transport, exchanges
between bed sediments and the overlying water
column, and volatilization-absorption across the at-
mosphere-water interlace. Chemical transformations
Include direct and indirect photolysis, hydrolytic reac-
tions and reductions. Biological processes include mi-
croblal and algal transformations and biological trans-
port vectors. This paper gives a brief evaluation of the
current status of knowledge in each of these areas, In-
dications of the chemical and environmental param-
eters needed for quantitative descriptions of the proc-
ess kinetics, and suggestions for further research.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Transport properties, 'Water pollution,
Chemical properties, Physical properties. Laboratory
equipment, Ecology, Reaction kinetics, Sediments,
'Path of pollutants, Biological processes.
PB83-247967 PC A02/MF A01
Testing Model* of the Fat* of Chemical* In Aquat-
ic Environments,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
RayR. Lasslter. 1983,23p EPA-600/D-83-100
Presented at Workshop: Modeling the Fate of Chemi-
cals in the Aquatic Environment, Pellston, Michigan,
August 17-21,1981. M
Laboratory ecosystems have been used to test a
model for the fate of toxic chemicals. Two questions
are asked In such a test. First, are the laboratory sys-
tems functional ecosystems in which primary produc-
tivity, secondary productivity, decomposition, element
cycling, and various synergisms occur. Second, is the
model capable of predicting the fate of the chemical in
the laboratory ecosystem. The answer to the first
question is Important in the interpretation and potential
extrapolation of the answer to the second. These rela-
tionships have been considered and evaluated with
the conclusion that laboratory systems can be ecosys-
tems provided certain operational requirements are
met. The model (the basis of the Exposure Analysis
Modeling System, EXAMS) is not rejected using ordi-
nary statistical analysis, and, based on arguments
founded upon fundamental concepts In physical chem-
istry, it is accepted as a working theory of the behavior
of chemicals in the environment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chemical compounds,
'Mathematical models, Laboratory equipment, "Path
of pollutants, 'Ecosystems, Exposure analysis model-
Ing system.
PB83-247965 Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Atmospheric input of Trace Metal* to Lake Michi-
gan. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
S. J. Elsenrelch. d980,18p EPA-600/J-80-411
Grant EPA-R-805172
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 13, p287-301
1980.
Atmospheric bulk deposition was collected on a
monthly basis in the Lake Michigan basin from Sep-
tember 1875 through December 1976 to determine the
atmospheric loading of trace elements to Lake Michi-
gan. The sampling network consisted of bulk collec-
tors located at 21 locations in the northern and south-
ern basin. The percentage of total atmospheric deposi-
tion falling in the southern basin was: Fe-74%, Al-
71%; Mn-75%; Zn-67%; Cu-62%; Pb-78%; Cd-74%;
Co-approximately 56%; Ca-79%; Mg-62%; Na-65%;
K-61 %. Atmospheric loading rates reported are in gen-
eral agreement with estimates made by others from
emission inventories and aerosol concentrations. The
geographical distribution of trace element loading im-
plicates the southern periphery of Lake Michigan as
the principal emission source area. (Copyright (6) 1980
by D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, and
Boston, U.S.A.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Metals, 'Lake Michigan,
Air pollution, Trace elements. Sampling, Loading rate,
Precipitation(Meterology), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Air-water interfaces, Dry deposi-
tion, Wet deposition, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB83-248401 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 63,1363p-in3v
Set includes PB83-248419 through PB83-248435.
No abstract available.
PB83-248419 PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Dave Dunbar. Apr 83,339p EPA-450/2-83-005A
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also Volume 1, PB83-248427.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
248401.
This report consists of summary tables of determina-
tions submitted to the Clearinghouse from State, local,
and U.S. Regional Office permitting groups. The report
also lists the source type codes, abbreviations for
process and emission limits, and a format for submit-
ting BACT/LAER determinations. The main purpose of
this report Is to let people Know where similar source
category determinations have been made. Users
should be cautioned that data submitted to the Clear-
inghouse Is on a voluntary basis and, therefore, all
sources permitted during the time span (Jan. 1980 -
April 1983) covered may not appear In this document.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Technology, State
government, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Tables(Data), Sources, Best technology, Lowest
achievable emission rate.
PB83-248427 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determination*. Appendix Q.
Volume 1. Source Type Code* 1.0-5.0. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Dave Dunbar. Apr 83, 524p EPA-450/2-83-005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB83-248419 and Volume 2, PB83-248435.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
248401.
This report contains summary sheets for permits that
were Issued by EPA Regional Offices, State and/or
local control agencies permitting groups. The actual
permits are still contained in the permitting agencies
files and If more detailed Information Is desired, the
person Indicated should be contacted. Users should
be cautioned that data contained in this document Is
submitted on a voluntary basis and, therefore, alf of the
permits issued during the time span shown (Jan 1980 -
April 1983) may not be Included. This volume of Ap-
penlx G should be reviewed for source type codes 6.0
to 12.0. Data contained In this report Is also on the U.S.
EPA Unlvac computer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Licenses, Technolo-
gy, Industrial wastes, State government, Combustion
products, Sources, Tables(Data), Best technology,
Lowest achievable emission rate.
PB83-24843S PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LACER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determination*. Appendix Q.
Volume 2. Source Type Code* 6.0-12.0. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Dave Dunbar. Apr 83, SOOp EPA-450/2-83-005C
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also Volume 1, PB83-248427.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
248401.
This report contains summary sheets for permits that
were issued by EPA Regional Offices, State and/or
local control agencies permitting groups. The actual
permits are still contained in the permitting agencies
files and if more detailed information is desired, the
person indicated should be contacted. Users should
be cautioned that data contained in this document is
submitted on a voluntary basis and, therefore, all of the
permits issued during the time span shown (Jan. 1980
- April 1983) may not be Included. This volume of Ap-
pendix G only covers source type codes 6.0 to 12.0.
Data contained in this report Is also on the U.S. EPA
Univac Computer system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Licenses, Technolo-
gy. Industrial wastes, State government, Combustion
products, Sources, Tables(uata), Best technology,
Lowest achievable emission rate.
PB83-249391
PC A11/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement North
Carotin* Barrier Island* WMtewater Management.
Technical Reference Document Alternative* De-
velopment Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jun 83,242p EPA-904/9-83-108C
See also PB83-242529.
Concern for several key Issues led EPA to undertake a
generic Environmental Impact Statement for five North
Carolina barrier Island 201 plans. Key concerns in-
clude: management technologies, economic and fiscal
impacts on local citizens and governments, potential
impacts on sensitive natural areas, potential for storm
damage to treatment systems and nonpoint source
pollution.
Keywords: 'Barrier Islands, 'Sewage treatment, 'En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Damage,
Storms, Sites, Acceptability, Populations, Financing,
Local government, Water pollution, North Carolina,
Nonpoint sources, Alternative planning.
PB83-249417 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development and Application of • Witer Supply
Financial Reporting System. Volume 1,
Kenton County Water District No. 1, Ft. Mitchell, KY.
Victor C. Fender, James I. Glllean, and William L.
Brltton, Jr. Aug 83,54p EPA-600/2-83-069A
Grant EPA-R-806448
See also PB83-249425.
This two-volume report describes the development of
a computerized financial reporting system (FRS) for
the Kenton County, Kentucky, water District No. 1
(KCWD). The system was designed and Implemented
after a computer based cost analysis system (CAS)
had proved to be advantageous and had demonstrat-
ed the value of automated data processing. Together
the two systems will help the utility control costs and
manage and rapidly expanding system more effective-
ly and efficiently. The objectives of the FRS were to
provide computer programs that produce a general
ledger accounting system and financial reports.
Keywords: 'Financial management, 'Data processing,
•Water supply, Accounting, Cost effectiveness, Com-
puter programming, Cobol, Reporting, Kentucky,
•Kenton County(Kentucky).
PB83-24942B PC A11 /MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development end Application of a Water Supply
Financial Reporting System. Volume 2,
Kenton County Water District No. 1, Ft. Mitchell, KY.
Victor C. Fender. James I. Glllean, and William L
Britton, Jr. Aug 83,236p EPA-600/2-83-069B
Grant EPA-R-806448
See also PB83-249417.
This two-volume report describes the development of
a computerized financial reporting system (FRS) for
the Kenton County, Kentucky, Water District No. 1
(KCWD). The system was designed and implemented
after a computer based cost analysis system (CAS)
had proved to be advantageous and had demonstrat-
ed the value of automated data processing. Together
the two systems will help the utility control costs and
manage and rapidly expanding system more effective-
ly and efficiently. The objectives of the FRS were (1) to
provide computer programs that produce a general
ledger accounting system and financial reports.
Keywords: 'Financial management, 'Data processing,
•Water supply, Accounting, Flow charting, Computer
programs, Cobol, Reporting, Kentucky, Cost effective-
1528 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ness, "Kenton County (Kentucky), WUASBFAT com-
puter program, IBM/370 computers.
PB83-250001 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Theoretical Investigation of Selected Trace Ele-
ments In Coal Gasification Plants. Final rept. Mar
78-Nov 79,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
A. H. Hill, G. L Anderson, and D. K. Fleming. Aug 83,
55p EPA-600/7-83-047
Contract EPA-68-02-2648
the disposition of five volatile trace elements (arsenic,
boron, lead, selenium, and mercury) in SNG-producing
coal gasification plants. Three coal gasification proc-
esses (dry-bottom Lurgi, Koppers-Totzek, and
HYGAS) were investigated to examine the possible ef-
fects of gasifier operation conditions on the speciation
of the volatile trace elements. Results of this investiga-
tion suggest that none of the trace elements consid-
ered in this study will be present in the product SNG
from a coal gasification plant, but will be removed from
the fuel gas by various unit operations. Results also
suggest that speciation of these volatile trace ele-
ments is not significantly affected by gasifier condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Trace elements,
'Coal gasification, Technology, Arsenic, Selenium,
Boron, Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Design criteria, Thermodynamic
properties.
PB63-2S0035 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Effects of Phosphorus Loading on Phytoplankton
Distribution and Certain Aspects of Cytology In
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
E. F. Stoermer, L. Sicko-Goad, and L. C. Frey. Aug 83.
135p EPA-600/3-83-075
Grant EPA-R-802780
Saginaw Bay has always been one of the more pro-
ductive regions of the Great Lakes system. At the
present time, it is also one of the most modified. Ex-
cessive nutrient and conservative element loadings
are factors which have led to severe perturbation of
primary producer communities in the region. Because
of the physical dynamics of the bay region, idealized
dilution gradients are grossly modified by transport of
water masses and their entrained chemical constitu-
ents, fauna and flora into, as well as away from, the
bay. However, there appears to be considerable selec-
tion among population components of the assem-
blages transported. For example, blue-green algae
• to be conserved in the bay while diatoms are
:ted to great losses. The major effort in this in-
_ation was to provide data on phytoplankton bio-
volume which would support a model of processes oc-
curring in Saginaw Bay. A method of estimating the
actualviable fraction of the cell volumes of representa-
tives of the various physiological groups of phytoplank-
ton found in Saginaw Bay was developed, and poly-
phosphate body formation was studied.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Phytoplankton, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Saginaw Bay, Sediment transport, Dilution, Cy-
tology, DisfrlbutionfProperty), Lake Huron, Correlation,
Leaa(Metal), Cells(Blology), Biomass, Inorganic phos-
phates, Algae, Diatoms, Abundance, 'Organic loading,
Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-2501B3 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Modeling Water Quality and the Effects of Agrl-
euttural Beat Management Practices In Four Mile
Creek, Iowa Final rapt.,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
Anthony S. Donigian, Jr.. John C. Imhotl, and Brian R.
Blcknell. Aug 83.107p EPA-60073-83-067
Contract EPA-68-03-2B95
This report describes an Initial attempt to combine the
detailed simulation of agricultural runoff and soil proc-
eaaes, which calculates surface and subsurface pollut-
ant transport to receiving waters, with subsequent sim-
ulation of instream transport and transformations. The
result Is a comprehensive simulation of watershed hy-
drology and water quality. Comparison of water quality
conditions under conventional agronomic practices
and Best Management Practices (BMPs) provides the
basis for determining the net effects and associated
benefits of BMP implementation. Using simulated con-
centrations of pesticides and other toxic pollutants in
conjunction with lethality-duration information, the fre-
quency of acute and chronic toxic conditions can be
determined to assess the aquatic impact of proposed
practices.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Agriculture, 'Water pollution,
"Four Mile Creek, Mathematical models, Agronomy,
Concentration(Composition), Pesticides, Toxicity, Fer-
tilizers, Mortality, Soil erosion, Iowa, Tables(Data),
'Best management practices, 'Agricultural water-
sheds, HSPF model.
PB83-250191 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Fates and Biological Effects of Polycycllc Aromat-
ic Hydrocarbons In Aquatic Systems. Final rept.
Jun78-May81,
Savannah River Ecology Lab., Aiken, SC.
John P. Giesy, Steven M. Bartell, Peter F. Landrum,
Gordon J. Leversee, and John W. Bowling. Jul 83,
245p EPA-600/3-83-053
Sponsored in part by Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
This research project was conducted to test the hy-
pothesis that fates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAH) in ecosystems can be predicted by mecha-
nistic simulation models based on easily measured
properties of the compounds in this homologous
series. To accomplish this goal our research efforts
were in four major areas: (1) development of a mecha-
nistic, predictive simulation model based on kinetic
rather than thermodynamic considerations; (2) devel-
opment of analytical and quality assurance protocols
for the extraction and quantification of PAH associated
with biological and geological matrices; (3) laboratory
studies to determine the vectors of and rate constants
for uptake, depuration and biotransformation of PAH
by aquatic organisms and sediments; (These studies
also examined the effect of PAH concentration, tem-
perature and other exogenous factors on rate con-
stants and determined whether rate constants were
first order.) and (4) a microcosm study to compare the
results of simulation and laboratory scale studies to a
larger scale ecosystem study.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Math-
ematical models, 'Water pollution, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Reaction kinetics, Laboratory equipment, Trans-
port properties, Aquatic animals, Anthracene, Sedi-
ments, Humic acids, Clams, Fish, Sorption, Benthos,
Hydrology, 'Path of pollutants, 'Ecosystems, Benzo-
pyrenes, Microcosms.
PB83-250266 PC A05/MF A01
Asbestos Exposure Asseaament In Buildings. In-
spection Manual. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Wolfgang Brandner. Oct 82.78p EPA-907/9-82-009
See also PB82-225962.
This manual describes procedures for inspecting build-
ings for friable, asbestos-containing materials and
evaluating the hazard of being exposed to such materi-
als. A method of numerically grading eight factors and
using numerical scores to set abatement priorities is
presented.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Inspection, 'Construction ma-
terials, 'Buildings, Schools, Exposure, Public health,
Assessments, Air pollution. Hazardous materials,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Toxic substances, Environmen-
tal health.
PB83-250308 PC A03/MF A01
Dynamic Maaa Balance of PCB (Polychlorlnated
Blphenyls),
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie. Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. Elliott Smith, William L. Richardson, and Robert
Wethington. Aug 83,42p EPA-600/D-83-092
In Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, about 3.7 metric tons of
PCB remain in the active sediment and Inputs from the
Saginaw River and atmospheric deposition contribute
about 1.4 kg PCB per day. In 1977 the U.S. E.P.A. initi-
ated a research effort on Saginaw Bay which was
chosen because of the existing PCB contamination, its
importance as a commercial and sports fishery, and
because, within a relatively small area, many of the llm-
nological processes occurring in the Great Lakes are
represented. Therefore, findings from this work might
be extrapolated to other parts of the Great Lakes or
other similar water systems. This paper presents an
analysis of conditions in the bay during 1979 and a pro-
jection of future conditions using a dynamic mass bal-
ance model. The primary research questions ad-
dressed are: (1) whether simulation models of 'total
PCB' are sufficiently accurate or whether refined
models considering at least mixtures are necessary,
(2) whether volatilization of PCB is occurring, and (3)
what is the expected longevity of PCB in the system.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Saginaw
bay, 'Mathematical models, Air pollution, Limnology,
Fisheries, Great Lakes, Mass flow, Humans, Food
chains, Vaporizing, Suspended sediments,
Concentration(Composition), •Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, 'Mass balance, Aroclors, Air-water interfaces,
Sediment-water interfaces.
PB83-250316 PC A02/MF A01
Vapor Exchange of PCBs with Lake Michigan: The
Atmosphere as a Sink for PCBs,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Thomas J. Murphy, Jean C. Pokojowczyk, and Michael
D. Mullin. Aug 83,14p EPA-600/D-83-097
Prepared in cooperation with DePaul Univ., Chicago,
In this paper, preliminary results of the application of
an equilibrium method for determining the Henry's Law
Constants (HLCs) for all the individual chloroblphenyl
compounds in the Aroclor mixtures are reported. Most
of the individual compounds in Aroclor 1242 and 1254
have HLCs in the range of 2 to .0007 a-f m/cu m/md.
A method is also described which permits the fugaclty
of the PCBs in natural waters to be determined. Prelim-
inary results of this method with Lake Michigan water
indicates that about 60% of the PCBs in the water
samples tested were in true solution.
Keywords: 'Lake Michigan, 'Henrys law, 'Water pollu-
tion, Chlorine organic compounds, Transport proper-
ties, Equilibrium, Transition points, Air pollution,' Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 'Aroclors, 'Air-water Interfaces.
PB83-250324 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Intercomparison of Surf ate Dry Deposition
Monitoring and Measurement Methods: Prellml*
nary Results,
Illinois State Water Survey/Illinois State Geological
Survey, Champaign.
Donald A. Dolske, and Donald F. Gatz. 1983,24p EPA-
600/D-83-110
Contract EPA-R-808863
The Illinois State Water Survey hosted a three-week
field intercomparison of several sulfate dry deposition
measurement techniques during September 81. The
site was an 80-acre grass field in a rural area 14 km
southwest of Champaign, IL. The vegetation consisted
of mixed grasses 25-35 cm high. The experimental
techniques used were surrogate surfaces (plates,
dishes, and buckets) and eddy correlation for particles
containing sulfate. the eddy correlation data are not
yet available, so this preliminary Intercomparison is re-
stricted to the surrogate surfaces, which were Teflon
disks, polycarbonate dishes, Teflon-coated aluminum
plates, and HASL dry buckets. Clearly, surrogate sur-
face design and exposure procedure nave a major in-
fluence on sulfate dry flux collected by the sampler.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sutfates, Field tests, Com-
parison, Water pollution, Sampling,
Concentration(ComposJtion), Particles, Rux(Rata),
•Dry deposition, 'Add rain. 'Air-water Interfaces. *Alr
pollution sampling. Ecosystems, Mass balance.
PB83-260340
PC A03/MF A01
Source Apportionment Methods Applied to ttw
Determination of the Origin of Ambient Aeroaola
That Affect Visibility In Forested Areas,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
December 1983 1529
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Robert K. Stevens, Thomas G. Dzubay, Charles W.
Lewis, and Robert W. Shaw, Jr. Aug 83,38p EPA-600/
D-83-113
An aerosol characterization, visibility, and receptor
modeling study was conducted in the Shenandoah
Valley, VA between July 14 and August 15, 1980. The
objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the
origin of the ambient particles, (2) determine the major
chemical species contributing to the light extinction co-
efficient, (3) evaluate analytical methods to character-
ize aerosols, and (4) provide data for comparison with
chemical composition of aerosols collected in the
Great Smoky Mountains and in the Abastumani Moun-
tains of Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. The factor
analysis grouping along with additional supporting ana-
lytical data suggests the identity of emission sources
contributing the fine and coarse particles measured in
the Shenandoah Valley. From the elemental composi-
tion of the fine particles and trajectory analysis, it is in-
ferred that the sulfate's origin is mainly coal-fired
power plants.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Visibility, 'Forests, "Chemical
analysis, *Air pollution, Sources, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), Electric power plants,
Comparison, Abastumani Mountains, Great Smoky
Mountains, Shenandoah Valley, Inorganic nitrates,
Particles, Fines, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, *Air pollution detection, 'Receptor models,
Coal fired power plants.
PB83-250357 PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Qa» Stove Usage, CO and TSP, and Respiratory
Effects,
Arizona Univ. Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
M. D. Lebowitz, G. Gorman, C. J. Holberg, R Dodge,
and M. K. O'Rourke. 1983,16pEPA-600/D-83-107
Contract EPA-R-805318
A symptom stratified, geographic cluster sample of
117 middleclass households was studied. Symptom
daily diaries were obtained for 211 subjects for 2 years
Indoor sampling in 41 house was for O3, TSP RSP
CO, temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH). Ques-
tionnaires determined type of stove and smokers in all
households. Ambient pollutants (O3, TSP, CO, N02),
were monitored in or near the clusters, as was T, RH.
Smoking in the household was significantly correlated
with TSP and RSP. Indoor CO significantly correlated
with gas stove usage, but not with outdoor CO. Chil-
dren's Vmax was associated only with outdoor factors.
Asthmatic Vmax was associated with smoking, gas
stove use, N02, and occasionally O3, T, and RH.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Stoves, Gas heaters, Surveys,
Sampling, Temperature, Humidity, Air sampling, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-250365 PC A02/MF A01
Application of Event-Related Slow Brain Poten-
tials In Occupational Medicine,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
David A. Otto. Aug 83,12p EPA-600/D-83-106
Workers exposed to solvents, pesticides, heavy
metals and other neurotoxic chemicals frequently ex-
hibit symptoms of mental confusion, impaired atten-
tion, and memory loss. These symptoms suggest the
impairment of several aspects of cognitive function
that can be assessed readily by noninvasive electro-
physiological tests. Event-related slow potentials
(ERSPs) of the brain constitute a family of scalp-re-
corded electrophysiological measures of cognitive
and/or motor function. Applications of CNV, P300 and
other ERSPs, as well as criteria for the selection and
evaluation of neurotoxicity tests, in occupational
health assessment are discussed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, *CNS disorders. Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection,
Hazardous materials, Electroencephalography, Drugs,
Pesticides, Chemical compounds, Solvents, Electro-
physiology, 'Event related slow potentials, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, •Neurotoxi-
city, Contingent negative variation, Heavy metals.
PB83-250399 PC A06/MF A01
Preliminary Application of HSPF (Hydrologlc Sim-
ulation Program-FORTRAN) to the Iowa River
Basin to Model Water Quality and the Effects of
Agricultural Best Management Practices. Final
rept,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
John C. Imhoff, Brian R. Bicknell, and Anthony S.
Donigian, Jr. Aug 83,108p EPA-faOO/3-83-068
Contract EPA-68-03-2895
Mathematical models of agricultural runoff processes
are being used to analyze and predict the quantity and
quality of runoff from agricultural lands. The goal is to
use these models to develop a Best Management
Practice (BMP) Plan that will maintain agricultural pro-
ductivity while minimizing adverse water quality im-
pacts. This report describes a basin-scale model appli-
cation that combines the detailed simulation of agricul-
tural runoff and soil processes, which calculates sur-
face and subsurface pollutant transport to receiving
waters, with subsequent simulation of instream trans-
port and transformations. The result is a comprehen-
sive simulation of river basin water quality. Comparison
of water quality resulting from conventional agronomic
practices and BMPs provides the basis for determining
the net effects and associated benefits of BMP imple-
mentation.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Agriculture, "Water pollution,
"Iowa River Basin, Farms, Mathematical models, Wa-
tersheds, Soil properties, Pesticides, Toxicity, Fertiliz-
ers, Concentration(Composition), Environmental im-
pacts, Mortality, Aquatic biology, Iowa, "Best manage-
ment practices, "Agricultural watersheds.
PB83-250472 PC A02/MF A01
Event-Related Slow Brain Potential Changes In
Asymptomatic Children with Secondary Exposure
to Lead,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
David Otto, Vernong Benignus, K. Muller, C. Barton,
and P. Mushak. 1983, 10pEPA-600/D-83-104
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
Slow cortical potentials were studied in young children
with blood lead (PbB) levels ranging from 6 to 52 g/dl.
Slow wave (SW) voltage recorded from the scalp
during sensory conditioning varied as a linear function
of PbB level and age. Evidence of a persistent alter-
ation of brain function was also found in a two-year
follow-up assessment of the children.
Keywords: "Lead poisoning, 'Brain, Toxic diseases,
Children, Exposure, Physiological effects, 'Cortical po-
tentials.
PB83-2S0530 PC A09/MF A01
Managing Small and Alternative Wastewater Sys-
tem*: A Planning Manual. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
May 83,193p* EPA-430/9-83-008
This manual outlines a planning methodology for the
development of a (Small and Alternative Wastewater
Systems (SAWS)) management program. It identifies
the questions a community must consider when plan-
ning SAWS management and also offers some alter-
native answers to those questions. Each and every
community has a unique political makeup and equally
unique wastewater problems. Thus, successful SAWS
management programs are specifically designed to
meet the needs and constraints of their locations. This
manual will help SAWS planners identify a number of
management options for their community and then
help them evaluate those options.
Keywords: "Communities, "Sewage treatment, Manu-
als, Management, Constraints, Attitudes, Cost effec-
tiveness, Land use planning, Sites, Financing, Munici-
palities, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Construc-
tion, Sewers, Contracts, "Small communities, Alterna-
tive planning, Businesses, Cost sharing.
PB83-250720
PC A08/MF A01
Compilation ot Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition, Supplement No. 14 (Including Sup-
plement* 1-7).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 83,172pAP-42-SUPPL-14
See also PB83-126557.
In this Supplement for AP-42, new or revised emis-
sions data are presented for Anthracite Coal Combus-
tion; Wood Waste Combustion in Boilers; Residential
Fireplaces; Wood Stoves; Open Burning; Large Appli-
ance Surface Coating; Metal Furniture Surface Coat-
ing; Adipic Acid; Synthetic Ammonia; Carbon Black;
Charcoal; Explosives; Paint and Varnish; Phthalic An-
hydride; Printing Ink; Soap and Detergents; Tereph-
thalic Acid; Maleic Anhydride; Primary Aluminum Pro-
duction; Iron and Steel Production; Gypsum Manufac-
turing; Construction Aggregate Processing; Sand and
Gravel Processing; Taconite Ore Processing; Western
Surface Coal Mining; Fugitive Dust Sources; Unpaved
Roads; Agricultural Tilling; Aggregate Handling and
Storage Piles; and Industrial Paved Roads.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Anthracite, Wood wastes,
Coatings, Appliances, Furniture, Carbon black, Explo-
sives, Detergents, Soaps, Paints, Maleic anhdride,
Phthalic anhydride, Gypsum, Aluminum industry, Iron
and steel industry, Pavement, Roads, Surface mining,
'Emission factors, "Stationary sources, Wood stoves.
Refuse derived fuels, Fugitive emissions, Unpaved
roads.
PB83-251009 PC A02/MF A01
Performance Specifications for Continuous Moni-
toring of Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions (Pro-
posed July 20, 1981, 46 FR 37287). Summary of
Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div
Jul83,14pEPA-450/3-82-018
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of the performance specification
in the Federal Register. Changes made to the methods
as a result of these comments are included. This docu-
ment serves as the basis for the revisions which have
been made to the performance specification between
proposal and promulgation.
Keywords: "Monitors. "Specifications, "Air pollution,
"Sulfur, Performance evaluation, Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Revisions,
Calibrating, 'Air pollution detection.
PB83-251223 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Water Hyacinth Wastewater Treatment Systems:
Opportunities and Constraints In Cooler Climates.
Final rept. Mar-Dec 81,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
Michele Leslie. Aug 83,71 p EPA-600/2-83-075
Contract EPA-68-01-5051
See also PB83-211896.
Aquatic plant wastewater treatment systems, mainly
those involving water hyacinths, have been demon-
strated to be cost-effective in warm areas of the U.S.,
such as southern Texas and Florida. In this report,
three geographic zones in the U.S. where various
types of aquatic plant systems would be likely to pro-
vide reliable year-round treatment are identified. The
coolest of these zones extends northward to a latitude
of about 35 degrees N. The costs of using greenhouse
structures to extend the geographic range of effective
treatment are evaluated. It is concluded that green-
house construction and heating fuel costs would tend
to Increase total costs substantially above those for
conventional treatment alternatives.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Aquatic plants, 'Sewaged
treatment, Feasibility, Climate, Reliability, Green
houses, Construction costs, Fuels, Constraints, Atti-
tudes, Regulations, "Water hyacinths, Exotic plants.
PB83-2S1298 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Potential for Biological Control* of 'Cladophora
glomerate',
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA.
Ruth Patrick, Charles F. Rhyne, R. William Richardson,
III, Richard A. Larson, and Thomas L. Bott. Aug 83,
194pEPA-600/3-83-065
Grant EPA-R-805106
1530 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this research program was to deter-
mine whether or not there were natural biological con-
trols of Cladophora glomerata that could be devel-
oped. Two avenues of research were pursued. One
was to study macroscopic organisms that were Known
to occur in the Great Lakes area to see if any of them
would prefer C. glomerata as a food source and under
what conditions the desirability of C. glomerata could
be increased. The second approach was to study
microorganisms, particularly fungi, which were of
common occurrence in aquatic ecosystems to deter-
mine if they might function as controls for C. glomer-
ata. The results of these studies show that C. glomer-
ata was a poor food for Physa heterostropha, Orcon-
ectes propinquus, Rana pipiens, Ictalurus punctatus,
and Pimephales promolas. Not only would these spe-
cies not eat the food, but if they did eat the food there
seemed to be a deleterious effect. In the studies with
snails it was evident that egg production was greatly
curtailed on the C. glomerata diet. The second avenue
of approach was to study the effect of fungi as para-
sites on C. glomerata. One fungus, Acremonlum kil-
lense (Fungi Imperfect!) was found to have an antago-
nistic effect on C glomerata.
Keywords: 'Algae, "Pest control, "Lakes, Fungi, Para-
sites, Diets, Fatty acids, Summer, Snails.
Weight(Mass), Bioassay, Minnows, Feasibility, Water
pollution control, "Cladophora glomerata, Biological
pest control.
PS83-2S1322
PCA13/MFA01
Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control
Processes State-of-the-Art Seminar,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Donald f. Carey, and Jerry Y. C. Huang. Sep 82, 285p
EPA-600/9-82-018
This publication will compile all of the papers and com-
ments presented at the July State-of-the Art Seminar.
Keywords: "Environmental engineering, * Water pollu-
tion control, "Air pollution control, "Meetings, Disinfec-
tion, Chemical analysis, Oxidation, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Sewage treatment, State of the art, Heavy metals.
PB83-251470 PC A98/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Intensive Watershed Study: The Patuxent River
Baaln,
Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis.
Charles Bostater, Diane McCraney, Stephanie Berlett,
and David Pushkar. Aug 83,961pEPA-600/3-83-080
Contract EPA-R-806306
This study was one of five intensive watershed studies
designed by the Chesapeake Bay Program's Eutrophi-
cation Work Group to provide detailed nonpoint source
loading rates and ambient water quality data within the
Chesapeake Bay drainage area. The study was con-
ducted within the Patuxent Estuary Watershed and
consisted of estuarine slack tide surveys, intensive 24
hour water quality surveys, primary productivity meas-
urements, sediment oxygen demand and sediment nu-
trient flux measurements, phytoplankton and nitrifying
bacterial longitudinal surveys, nonpoint source moni-
toring at five subwatersheds, current speed and direc-
tion measurements as well as rainfall quality and quan-
tity measurements.
Keywords: "Primary biological productivity, 'Water
pollution, 'Patuxent Estuary, Surveys, Watersheds,
Chesapeake Bay, Phytoplankton, Nitrobacter, Ocean
currents, Flow rate, Flushing, Salinity, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Nitrogen,
phosphorus. Ammonia, Silicon dioxide, Seasonal vari-
ations, Diurnal variations, Maps, History, Maryland,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Eutrophication,
•Water quality data, * Nonpoint sources, Organic load-
ing
PB83-251546 PC A03/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement North
Carolina Barrier Island Wastewater Management.
Technical Reference Document Financial Planning
Handbook for Wastewater Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA Region
IV.
Jun 83, 29p EPA-904/9-83-108D
See also PB83-242529.
Provision of wastewater treatment is a major financial
undertaking for a community and its residents. There
are multiple objectives to be met: protection of the en-
vironment, maintenance of water quality standards, re-
liable treatment and sufficient capacity to meet
present and future demands, to name a few. Naturally,
the goal is to fulfill these objectives without placing a fi-
nancial burden on the community and its wastewater
customers or taxpayers. This can best be accom-
plished by anticipating and understanding the likely fi-
nancial and management impacts as plans evolve, so
that informed decisions can be made to optimize the
wastewater treatment plan.
Keywords: "Barrier Islands, "Sewage treatment, "En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Handbooks, Fi-
nancing, Improvement, Residential buildings, Commu-
nities, Cost estimates, Taxes, North Carolina.
PB83-251553 PC A12/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement North
Carolina Barrier Island Wastewater Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jun 83,266p EPA-904/9-83-108A
See also PB83-242529.
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pro-
vides assistance in wastewater management planning
for North Carolina's Barrier Island communities. It pre-
sents a step-by-step process that can assist facilities
planners in resolving the unique problems encoun-
tered on North Carolina's Barrier Islands and result in a
cost-effective and environmentally sound manage-
ment system. Once this process has been finalized.
communities involved in facilities planning will be en-
couraged to use the tools developed in thts EIS wher-
ever appropriate.
Keywords: "Barrier Islands, "Sewage treatment, "En-
vironmental impact statements-draft, Management,
Cost effectiveness, Sewage disposal, Environmental
impacts, Land use, Soil properties, Financing, Local
government, North Carolina, "Alternative planning.
PB83-251629 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
Field Assessment of Site Closure, Boone County,
Kentucky. Final rept. Aug 79-Jun 81,
EMCON Associates, San Jose, CA
Aug 83, 73p EPA-600/2-83-058
Contract EPA-68-03-2824
The current project was undertaken before the sched-
uled site closure to obtain information useful to design-
ers of future landfill facilities. Information was devel-
oped on cover soils, refuse, leachate collection sys-
tems, lining materials, and contaminant migration from
the test cells. To examine and recover cell compo-
nents, exploratory excavations were made through the
refuse and base liners. Each of the cell elements
(cover, refuse, liners, etc.) were thoroughly document-
ed, and samples underwent extensive testing. The
project included the recovery and detailed inspection
of clay and synthetic liners that had been exposed to
leachate for approximately 9 years. Both field and lab-
oratory testing showed that little degradation of the
liner materials had occurred during these years of
service.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fill, Leaching,
Sites, Field tests. Linings, Covers, Laboratory equip-
ment, Kentucky, Soil analysis, Water pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Transport properties, Sampling,
Permeability, "Boone County(Kentucky).
PB83-251637 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of Resonant Optoacoustlc Cells,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Robert R. Plyler, and Richard R. Patty. Aug 83,33p
EPA-600/3-83-070
Grant EPA-R-805332
A theory describing the optoacoustic signal is present-
ed; dependence on both cell and gas parameters are
given and the advantage of operating at a resonant
frequency is discussed. Three elliptical cells with major
axes 5.8, t2.7, and 15.2 cm (corresponding minor axes
5.5,11.0; and 7.6 cm) were utilized as resonant optoa-
coustic cells. Longitudinal standing waves analagous
to radial resonances for a cylindrical cell were driven
by passing the beam from a C02 laser along one focus
of the ellipse. Results are compared with measure-
ments on a Helmholtz cell for which the minimum de-
tectable absorption coefficient was about 2 x 10 to the
-7th power cm. Windowless operation was attempted,
and the results indicate that further improvement is
possible.
Keywords: "Air pollution, *Gas detectors, "Trace ele-
ments, Resonance radiation, Laser beams, Compari-
son, Concentration(Comparispn), Gas analysis, Chem-
ical analysis, Sampling, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, "Foreign technology, "Acoustooptics, "Air
pollution detection, Elliptical cells, Helmholtz cells,
Resonant cells.
PB83-251850 PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Reference Manual for
Synthetic Fuels Facilities. Users manual Sep 82-
May 83,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. Bruce Hanschel, and James T. Stemmle. Jul 83,
578p EPA-600/8-83-027
The manual is intended as a technical aid to appli-
cants, the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corporation (SFC), and
environmental reviewers in developing and reviewing
plans covering source and ambient monitoring around
coal-, oil shale-, and tar sand-based synfuels plants,
consistent with the Energy Security Act. The Act,
which established the SFC, specifies that applicants
for SFC financial assistance must develop an accepta-
ble plan for environmental monitoring of the construc-
tion and operation of the proposed synthetic fuels fa-
cilities, following consultation with the EPA and other
agencies. The manual does not provide rigorous speci-
fications for an acceptable monitoring plan. Rather, it
describes approaches to consider and issues to ad-
dress in developing a monitoring plan (or an outline of
a plan). The exact content of the plan or outline for a
specific facility would depend on conditions associated
with that plant.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Fossil fuels, "Environ-
mental surveys, "Manuals, Sources, Coal, Oil shale,
Bituminous sands, Quality assurance, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, "Synthetic fuels corporation.
PB83-252205 PC A15/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chromium
(Review Draft),
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
F. Stoss, D. Basu, K. Blackburn, B. Harris, and M. Neal.
Jul 83,330p EPA-600/8-83-014A
Contract EPA-68-02-3277
This document summarizes current scientific informa-
tion regarding the effects of chromium on man and the
environment. The observed effects, as presented
herein, constitute the health basis from which the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency will make determi-
nations regarding the possible listing and regulating of
chromium as a hazardous air pollutant under the Clean
Air Act. Specifically, this document discusses the fol-
lowing topics: physical and chemical properties of
chromium; environmental distribution and cycling; and
chromium metabolism, toxicology and essentiality. The
document also identifies the factors most germane to
assessing quantitative human health risks.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Public health, "Environmental
surveys, "Air pollution, Assessments, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Metabolism, Toxicology,
Risks, Bioassay. Transport properties, Water pollution.
Soil analysis. Regulations, Laboratory animals, Nutri-
ents, Chemical analysis, Food analysis, Blood analy-
sis, Urine. Hair, Sampling, "Occupational safety aad
health. Cigarettes.
PBB3-252247 PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Ml. Con-
trol Technology Assessment and Characterization
Branch
S»Cttffi WSS1Z BESS
Control. Final rept.
Charles River Associates, Inc., Boston, MA
Feb 82,234p CRA-501, EPA-460/3-82-012
Contract EPA-68-03-2910
December 1983 1531
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report discusses the scarcity, recycling, and sub-
stitution of imported platinum-group metals; palladium,
rhodium, chromium, manganese, nickle and titanium
that will be used for vehicular emissions control in the
United States, issues discussed include; EPA policy-
making, projections of materials consumption for
motor vehicle emission control, background informa-
tion on the platinum-group metals, recycling of such
metals from catalytic converters and substitutes for
them.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Exhaust
emissions, "Metals, 'Materials recovery, Palladium,
Rhodium, Chromium, Manganese, Nickle, Titanium,
Motor vehicles, Recirculation, Economic analysis,
Substitutes, Supply(Economics),
Demand(Economics), Catalysts, Criticality, 'Waste re-
cycling, "Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Solid
wastes.
PB83-252478 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Biology State-of-the-Art Seminar
Held at College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth, Min-
nesota on July 20-22,1981,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Exploratory Research.
Patricia A. Archibald. Apr 82, 264p EPA-600/9-82-007
Static bioassays using benthic meiofauna (Chromador-
ina germanica (nematode), Nitocra typica (harpacti-
coid copepod), Allogrornia laticollaris (foraminifera),
and Euplotes vannus (ciliate)), as sensitivity indicators
were run testing drilling muds from Mobile (Alabama)
bay. Mud sample types were raw, desilter, and de-
sander/desilter. Drilling mud mixtures with sand was
an unfavorable substrate for several animals, restrict-
ing their body and feeding movements and causing
them to starve to death. When the mixtures were em-
bedded in agar to change their physical properties the
animals moved and fed normally. The results of this
preliminary study suggest that two of the animals
tested, Chromadorina germanica and Allogrornia lati-
collaris have the potential to be developed into bioas-
say tools for marine benthic muds.
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
'Mobile Bay, 'Meltings, Nematodes, Mortality, Drilling
fluids, Foraminifera, Bioassay, Environmental impacts,
Toxicity, Reproduction(Biology), Life cycles, Crusta-
cea, Growth, Fishes, Habitats, Bioindicators.
PB83-252502 PC A04/MF A01
Summary of the 1981 EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) National Performance Audit Pro-
gram on Source Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
E. W. Streib, R. G. Fuerst, and M. R. Midgett. Jun 83,
52pEPA-600/4-83-026
In the spring and fall of 1981 the Quality Assurance Di-
vision (QAD) conducted its semi-annual National
Audits for certain Stationary Source Test Methods.
The audit materials consisted of a critical orifice for
Method 5 (dry gas meter only), five simulated, liquid
samples each for Method 6 (SO2) and Method 7
(NOx), and two coal samples for Method 19. Laborato-
ries participating in the audits sent their data to the
Source Branch and later received written reports com-
paring their results to EPA's. This was the tirst coal
audit conducted by QAD. For the sulfur, ash, and mois-
ture analysis, the participants' accuracy were consist-
ently better for the higher concentration samples than
for the lower concentration samples.
Keywords: 'Audits, 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution,
Sampling, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Coal, Sulfur,
Fly ash, Moisture content, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, "EPA method 5, *EPA method 6,
*EPA method 7, *EPA method 19, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'National performance audit program on source
measurement, Stationary sources, Quality assurance
division.
PB83-252643 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Changes in the Zoop'ankton Community In Re-
sponse to Reductions In Nutrient Loading to Sagl-
naw Bay (Lake Huron),
Minnesota Univ., Minneaoolis. Dept. of Ecology and
Behavioral Biology.
Donald C. McNaught, David Griesmer, and Reed
Larson. Aug 83, 51 p EPA-600/3-83-074
Grant EPA-R-807754
Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) receives tributary waters
from the industrial heartland of Michigan, For twenty
years University scientists have examined its water
chemistry, physical characteristics including currents,
and the community composition of its biota. This large
amount of background information has permitted inter-
pretation of the EPA's efforts to improve water quality
in the system by diverting nutrients as phosphorus and
nitrogen.
Keywords: "Zooplankton, 'Water pollution, 'Saginaw
Bay, 'Ecology, Lake Huron, Water chemistry, Nutri-
ents, Growth, Crustacea, Nutrients, Responses, Ro-
tifers, Eutrophication.
PB83-252833 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Limestone Dissolution in Flue Gas Desulfurization
Processes. Final rept. Mar 79-Apr 83,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
GaryT. Rochelle, Pue K. R. Chan, and Anthony T.
Toprac. Aug 83,110p EPA-600/7-83-043
Contract EPA-R-806251
The report gives results of the measurement of disso-
lution rates of reagent CaCO3 and commercial limes-
tones (9 types/19 grinds) at constant pH and solution
composition by batch titration with HC1, Conditions
were selected to simulate flue gas desulfurization. A
mass transfer model has been developed which in-
cludes theoretical effects of particle size and equilibri-
um acid/base reactions. The cumulative rate of mass
transfer is calculated by integrating over a particle size
distribution obtained by Coulter Counter and screening
measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Lime-
stone, 'Mathematical models, 'Mass transfer, 'Dis-
solving, Sulfur dioxide, Calcium carbonates, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Parti-
cle size distribution, pH, Laboratory equipment, 'Lime-
stone scrubbing, 'Solid wastes, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB83-253179 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Polychlorlnated Biphenyls in Human Adipose
Tissue and Mother's Milk. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. M. Lucas, V. G. lannacchione, and D. K. Melroy. 11
Nov82,62p EPA/560/5-83-011
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
Statistical Analysis of trends of polychlorinated bi-
phenyl levels in human adipose tissue specimens col-
lected in the EPA National Human Adipose Tissue
Survey and in milk specimens collected in an EPA
human mother's milk study.
Keywords: 'Connective tissue, Tissues(Biology),
Trends, Chlorine organic compounds, Humans, Milk,
Exposure, Public health, Concentration(Composition),
Sampling, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Mother's milk,
"Toxic substances. Occupational safety and health.
PB83-253187 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Ware River Intensive Watershed Study - 1. Non-
point Source Contributions,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Gary F. Anderson, Cindy Bosco, and Bruce Neilson.
Aug 83,133p EPA-600/3-83-078A
Grant EPA-R-806310
See also PB83-253195.
Runoff quantity and quality were monitored for row
crop, residential and forested lands in the Ware basin
for the period of October 1979 to July 1981. Loading
rates have been calculated for both baseflow and
stormflow contributions at each site. Concentrations
increased during stormflow periods for all water quality
constituents except dissolved silica. Concentrations of
total phosphorus, nitrogen and dissolved ammonia
were substantially higher in the runoff at the two agri-
cultural sites than at the residential and forested catch-
ments. The residential catchment has high concentra-
tions of dissolved nutrients and BODS in both baseflow
and storm runoff. Storm runoff produced 83 and 70%
of the total phosphorus and nitrogen loads, and 62 and
91% of the BOD5 and suspended solids loads, re-
spectively.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Ware River,
Watersheds, Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Ammonia, Farms, Catch
basins, Residential buildings, Forest land, Base flow,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Rainfall, Land use,
Tables(Data), Maryland, Virginia, Chesapeake Bay,
'Nonpoint sources, Organic loading, 'Storm water
runoff.
PB83-253195 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Ware River Intensive Watershed Study - 2. Estua-
rine Receiving Water Quality,
Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
Cindy Bosco, Gary F. Anderson, and Bruce Neilson
Aug 83,130p EPA-600/3-83-078B
Grant EPA-R-806310
See also PB83-253187. Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Ware River is a relatively 'clean' estuarine system.
However, during summer months some of the nutri-
ents, particularly inorganic phosphorus and organic ni-
trogen, achieve levels associated with moderate en-
richment. The Ware is typical of other small tributaries
of Chesapeake Bay: nutrient levels are higher at low
tide, the estuary is more homogeneous laterally than
longitudinally, and vertical gradients exist for dissolved
oxygen, total phosphorus, and suspended solids. The
estuary is generally phosphorus limited, except during
the annual spring phytoplankton blooms (April 1979
and March 1980) when uptake of inorganic nitrogen by
plankton causes the system to be nitrogen limited. Im-
pacts of nonpoint source pollution are slight and short-
lived in the estuary. This appears to be due to dilution
by Bay waters and sedimentation in the upstream
marshes.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Ware River,
Sampling, Nutrients, Concentration(Composition), In-
organic phosphates. Nitrogen organic compounds,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Ocean tides, Plankton blooms, Spring
season, Environmental impacts, Chesapeake Bay, Di-
lution, "Nonpoint sources, Organic loading.
PB83-253419 PC A15/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Hilton
Head, South Carolina Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA Region
IV.
Aug 83, 334p EPA/904/9-83-115
This final Environmental impact statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for Hilton Head Island,
South Carolina. Numerous wastewater management
alternatives have been evaluated with particular atten-
tion to water quality in the area's surface and ground-
water resources and the impacts of projected popula-
tion growth on the natural and human resources of
Hilton Head Island and the surrounding area.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-final, Ground water, Water quality,
Population growth, Sewage disposal, Outfall sewers,
Waste water reuse, Irrigation, Recreational facilities,
Septic tanks, Ground water, Water quality, Land use,
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.
PB83-253492 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Airborne Asbestos Levels in Schools: Design
Study,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Bert Price, Donna Watts, Everett Logue, and Tyler
Hartwell. Jul 81, 92p EPA/560/5-81 -006
Contract EPA-68-01 -5848
This document describes a proposed field study to col-
lect data in schools that are to be used to analyze and
validate two asbestos exposure assessment algo-
rithms as compared to levels of airborne asbestos.
This field study would involve algorithm scoring (in-
cluding bulk asbestos sampling) and air sampling in
1532 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sites (e.g., classrooms) within selected schools. The
objective of the planning study described in this report
is to establish the characteristics of various alternative
statistical designs (e.g., number and characteristics of
sample sites) for the proposed field study and to rec-
ommend the most appropriate design.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Asbestos, "Schools, 'Sta-
tistical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Field
tests, Design, Assessments, Algorithms, Sampling,
Sites, Exposure, Public health, 'Air pollution sampling,
New York City(New York), Montgomery County(Ohio).
PB83-253500 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Characteristics of an Asbestos Exposure Assess-
ment Algorithm,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Everett Logue, and Tyler Hartwell. Jul 81, 85p EPA/
560/5-81-5
Contract EPA-68-01-5848
This report describes the characteristics of a proposed
asbestos exposure assessment algorithm. Algorithm
variable distributions are presented along with correla-
tions between various algorithm variables in different
locations (e.g., New York City, North Carolina and
Montgomery County, Ohio). Available data are ana-
lyzed and discussed from the perspective of the algo-
rithm's measurement reliability and validity. It is con-
cluded that the algorithm's reliability and validity
cannot be estimated from the available data. However,
additional research may lead to the development of an
acceptably valid, airborne-asbestos-level surrogate.
This yet-to-be developed surrogate exposure index
could be used to help State and local officials identify
and control asbestos exposures in schools.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Algorithms, *Air pollution, As-
sessments, Exposure, State government, Schools,
Statistical analysis, Public health, "Toxic substances.
PB83-253534 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring System Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Love Canal Monitoring Program. Volume 1. Final
rept.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div
Jul 83, 21 Bp EPA-600/3-83-050
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
This report summarizes the prime contractor activities
during the monitoring phase of the Love Canal project.
Since GCA Corporation was only responsible for data
collection, no analytical results appear in this report.
The program involved a multifaceted sampling and an-
alytical effort designed to detect and quantify a variety
of trace metals, volatile organics, pesticides and other
compounds in soil, sediment, air, biota, and water sam-
ples. The principal purpose of these activities was to
provide data with which EPA could assess the extent
of environmental contamination in the Love Canal
Area. Since the area declared as a National Emergen-
cy was extended from those homes directly surround-
ing the Love Canal dumpsite to a more general area on
May 21, 1980, it had been determined that the overall
exposure of residents must be established as quickly
as possible. The program, therefore, was on an ex-
tremely tight schedule with field sampling activities to
be completed by October 31,1980. GCA organized its
efforts into seven technical elements, each of which is
discussed.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys. "Sampling,
'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, trace elements, Organic compounds
Metals, Pesticides, Soil analysis, Sediments, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Safety, Industrial hygiene, Per-
sonnel, Geology, Laboratories, Field tests, 'Love
Canal project, Occupational safety and health.
PBB3-253S42 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Standard Program for Impact Assessment. Phase
1. Ichthyoplankton Sampling. Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
Martin A. M. Hyman, Ernesto Lorda, and Saul B Saila.
Aug 83.149p EPA-600/3-83-071
GrantEPA-R-804216
Sampling variability of ichthyoplankton at a single
sample site was investigated. The major sources of
variance were identified as seasonal (differences over
days), diurnal, tidal and gear. Patchiness of plankton
was not recognized as a significant source of variance
in this study. No relationship between net avoidance
and velocity of two was demonstrated. However, dif-
ferent avoidance responses from fish larvae and zoo-
plankton were found. The above-mentioned methodol-
ogy is and results are described in detail. The mechani-
cal flow meters used were found to perform in an ac-
ceptable fashion. Sampling 100 cu m of water is inad-
equate to collect density data for some species.
Keywords: 'Plankton, 'Ecology, 'Estuaries, 'Water
pollution, Monitoring, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Estimating, Mathematical
models, Environmental impacts, Statistical analysis,
Assessments, Analysis of variance, 'Baseline studies.
PB83-253559 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Detection of Mutagenlc/Carclnogenic Alteration
In Fish,
Maryland Univ., Baltimore. School of Medicine.
David E. Hinton, James E. Klaunig, Michael M. Lipsky,
Rhona M. Jack, and Benjamin F. Trump. Aug 83,114p
EPA-600/3-83-076
Grant EPA-R-804866
The feasibility of using fish as bioassay organisms to
detect mutagenic/carcinogenic substances in the
aquatic environment was tested. The data in fish were
compared to those in higher vertebrates including
humans. Microsomal fractions from livers of channel
catfish, fathead minnow, bluegill sunfish, brown bull-
head, rainbow trout, and mummichogs were studied to
determine the presence and relative amounts/activi-
ties of microsomal protein, cytochromes P-450 and b5,
NADPH cytochrome C reductase, aminopyrine de-
methylase, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. The ef-
fects, both morphologic (upon the endoplasmic reticu-
lum) and biochemical, of exposure to known MFOS in-
cluding agents, PCBs, benzo(a)pyrene, and 3-methyl-
cholanthrene were studied.
Keywords: Detection, Bioassay, Fishes, Indicator spe-
cies, Levers, 'Mutagenesis, 'Carcinogenesis, "Bioin-
dicators, "Water pollution detection.
PB83-253740 PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of Discharges from Sasol I Lurgl-
Based Coal Gasification Plant. Final rept. Sep 81-
Mar 82,
Fluor Engineers and Constructors, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. J. Thomson, G. Kasper, J. F. Nagy, A. Tzou, and L.
S. Pernot. Aug 83,36p EPA-600/7-83-044
Contract EPA-68-02-3691
The report discusses analytical information, obtained
from Sasol I, on the emission and effluent streams
analyzed in the normal course of operation and test-
ing. The purpose was to provide EPA with representa-
tive information on a commercial-size Lurgi-based coal
gasification project. The final report gives operating
data and supplementary data, including material bal-
ances and pollutant distribution evaluations. Although
much of this supplementary information is based on
engineering estimates and calculations, it is believed
to be representative of a Sasol I gasification operation.
The data presented should be confirmed by a series of
test runs before they are used for process design pur-
poses, cost estimates, or environmental control stud-
Keywords: "Coal gasification, 'Environmental surveys,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Fly ash, Process chart-
ing, Trace elements, Tars, Tables(Oata)
Concentratiqn(Composition), Stationary sources, Nu-
merical solution, Solid wastes, "SASOL process.
PB83-253880 PC A09/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Blount
County, Tennessee Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jul 83,181p EPA-904/9-83-113
This final Environmental impact statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for Blount County, Ten-
nessee. Six wastewater management alternatives
have evaluated with particular attention to water qual-
ity in the area's surface and groundwater resources
and the impacts of projected population growth on the
natural and human resources of the Blount County
area.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-Final, Sewers, Septic tanks, Aer-
ation, Filtration, Sewage disposal, Streams, Packaged
sewage plants, Land use, Rural areas, Water quality.
Archaeology, Tennessee, Maps, Blount
County(Tennessee), Alternative planning. Land appli-
cation.
PB83-254060 PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Labs.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wet Oxidation and Ozonatlon of Specific Organic
Pollutants. Final rept. Apr 78-Dec 80,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
C. Robert Baillod, and Bonnie M. Faith. Aug 83,156p
EPA-600/2-83-060
Grant EPA-R-805565
This study was undertaken to assess the applicability
of wet oxidation and ozonation to the treatment of
wastewater containing five specific pollutants typical
of the 114 organic compounds included on the EPA
priority pollutant list. The pollutants, phenol; 2-chloro-
phenol; 4-nitrophenol; 1,2-dimethylphthalate and 1,2-
dichloroethane were selected for study on the basis of
their occurrence, structure, water solubility and volatili-
ty. The ability if wet oxidation and ozonation processes
to oxidize these pollutants in aqueous solution was
studied using batch laboratory scale experiments.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Ozonation, "Water
pollution control, "Oxidation, Phenol, Chloroethanes,
Laboratory equipment. Industrial waste treatment.
Catalysts, Reaction kinetics, Material balance. Proc-
ess charting, Petrochemical industry, Wet methods,
Ethane/dichloro, Phenol/chloro, Phenol/nitro, Phthal-
ic acid/(dimethyl-ester), Path of pollutants.
PB83-254102 CP T02
TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumu-
lative Supplement Two, Plantsite Information File.
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fred Zaiss, and Laura Murray. 1 May 83, mag tape
EPA-560/7-83-002C, EPA/DF-83/009
Supersedes PB81-232977.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-ha|f inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial In-
ventory and Cumulative Supplement Two Plant Site In-
formation File lists names and addresses for more
than 6000 processors and manufactures of chemicals.
This fiie, with the Production Information File and the
TSCA Perferred and Synonyms files, provides the
complete Toxic Substances Control Act.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Chemical industry
Manufacturing, Magnetic tapes. "Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PB83-254110 CPT02
TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumu-
lative Supplement Two, Production Information
File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fred Zaiss, and Laura Murray. 1 May 83, mag tape
EPA-560/7-83-002B, EPA/DF-83/010
Supersedes PB81-232977.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory: Initial In-
ventory and Cumulative Supplement Two Production
December 1983 1533
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Information File contains production information for
more than 50,000 chemicals. This file includes Manu-
facturing Identification Number (MID) but not manufac-
turer names and locations. The TSCA Chemical Sub-
stances Inventory Initial Inventory Cumulative Supple-
ment Two - Plantsite Information File tape must be
used to find this information. The MID links the produc-
tion figure to the plantsites. See also TSCA Chemical
Substances Inventory and Cumulative Supplement
Two - Preferred Name File and Synonym File to obtain
the complete inventory.
Keywords: *Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Chemical industry,
Manufacturing, Magnetic tapes, *Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PBB3-2S4128 CP T02
TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumu-
lative Supplement Two, Preferred Name File and
Synonym File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Fred Zaiss, and Laura Murray. 1 May 83, mag tape
EPA-360/7-83-002A, EPA/DF-83/008
Supersedes PB80-220007 and PB-295 108.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
The Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Sub-
stances Inventory: Initial Inventory and Cumulative
Supplement Two lists names for more than 50,000
chemical substances. The two files included are: File
1: TSCA CAS Registry Numbers (a listing of chemical
names by CAS Registry No.), and File 2: TSCA Syno-
nyms (an alphabetical listing of synonyms). See also
the TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory. Initial In-
ventory and Cumulative Supplement two - Plantsite In-
formation File and Production Information file to obtain
the complete inventory.
Keywords: 'Data file, •Chemical compounds, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Magnetic tapes, Man-
ufacturing, 'Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB83-254300 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Influence of Diet and Body Llpids on the Blocon-
centratlon of Endrln from Water in the Fathead
Minnow ('Plmephales promelas'),
Goeteborg Univ. (Sweden).
Goran Dave, and Patricia Kosian. Aug 83, 34p EPA-
600/3-83-077
Grant EPA-R-806860
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impor-
tance of the fathead minnow's (Pimephales promelas)
body lipid content and its composition in the biocon-
centration of a lipophilic chemical (endrin) from water.
For three months prior to exposure, six groups of fish
were fed reference research diets containing 0, 10, 15
or 20% (dry weight diet basis) lipids added as corn oil
and/or salmon oil. Two other groups were fed frozen
brine shrimp (Artemia salina) at two ration levels. Bio-
concentration tests at two concentrations of endrin in
water produced mean bioconcentration factors (BCFs)
of 15,000* after 14 days and 23,000x after 29 days
when expressed on a wet weight, whole body basis.
Corresponding mean BCFs expressed on a lipid,
whole body basis were 190,000x and 340,000x. Whole
body BCFs expressed on a wet weight basis ranged
S.OOOx - 21,000x after 14 days exposure and 5,000x -
30,000x after 29 days exposure. Independent of diet
composition, whole body BCFs expressed on a wet
weight basis were positively correlated to the concen-
tration of total fish body lipids. When BCFs were ex-
pressed on a lipid basis, they were instead negatively
correlated to the concentration of total fish body lipids.
From the limited number of samples examined for
each diet group, no influence of diet lipid source (corn
oil, salmon oil and brine shrimp lipids) could be found.
Keywords: *Endrin, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecti-
cides, Aromatic compounds, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Fishes, Diet, Lipids, Water, Fathead minnows,
Pimephales promelas, 'Dimethanonapthalenes,
'Bioaccumulation.
PB83-255331 PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sulfur Dioxide Flux Into Leaves of 'Geranium car-
olinlanum' L.: Evidence for a Nonstomatal or Re-
sidual Resistance. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
George E. Taylor, Jr., and David T. Tingey. 1983,11p
EPA-600/J-83-036
Pub. in Plant Physiology 72, p237-244 1983. Also pub.
as Environmental Sciences Div. Pub-2139.
The concurrent exchange of SO2 and H2O vapor be-
tween the atmosphere and foliage of Geranium caro-
linanum was investigated using a whole-plant gas ex-
Change chamber. Total leaf flux of S02 was parti-
tioned into leaf surface and internal fractions. The
emission rate of SO2-induced H2S was measured to
develop a net leaf budget for atmospherically derived
sulfur. Stomatal resistance to SO2 flux was estimated
by two techniques. An accounting of the simultaneous,
bidirectional flux of gaseous sulfur compounds during
pollutant exposure showed that sulfur accumulation in
the interior of G. carolinianum was 7 to 15% lower than
that estimated solely from mass-balance calculation of
SO2 flux data. On a comparative basis, SO2 molecules
experienced less pathway resistance to diffusion than
effluxing H2O molecules. Thus, the diffusive paths for
H20 and S02 in G. carolinianum are not completely
synonymous.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Tolerances(Physiology),
'Air pollution, 'Ornamental plants, Gases,
Tolerances(Physiology), Diffusion, Plant tissues,
Sulfur, Hydrogen sulfide, Exposure, Mathematical
models, Regression analysis, Accumulation, Compari-
son, Reprints, 'Geranium carolinianum.
PB83-255687 PCA10/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Evaluation of Management Tools in the Occoquan
Watershed. Technical rept.,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Manassas.
Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab.
Barren Weand, and Tom Grizzard. May 83,208p EPA-
600/3-33-036
Grant EPA-R-806310
During the period May, 1979-May 1981, nine water
quality monitoring stations were operated in small
catchments in the Occoquan Watershed of Northern
Virginia. The study sites incorporated different land
uses (pastureland, corn croplands, suburban develop-
ment, and forest) as well as contrasting management
approaches (heavy vs. light grazing, no-till vs. mini-
mum-till cropping, detention ponds). Water samples
were routinely analyzed for total suspended solids,
ammonia nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, oxidized ni-
trogen, ortho-phosphorus, total soluble phosphorus,
and total phosphorus. Meteorological records were
also kept during the study period, and collections of
dryfall and precipitation were routinely analyzed.
Measurements of atmospheric pollutant loadings indi-
cated the greater proportion to be generally from wet-
fall.
Keywords: 'Land use, 'Water pollution, 'Occoquan
watershed, Runoff, Monitoring, Catch basins, Pasture,
Grassland, Cultivation, Reservoirs,
Concentration(Composition), Ammonia, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Water quality management, Base flow,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Carbon compounds, Or-
ganic compounds, Tables(Data), Virginia, Suspended
solids, 'Organic loading, 'Storm water runoff, 'Water
quality data.
PB83-255844 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Measurement of Mass Spectra for the EPA (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Toxic Substances
Data Base. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Lawrence H. Keith. Aug 83,35p EPA/600/4-83-036
Contract EPA-68-03-2879
A total of 3024 compounds were procured to measure
high quality mass spectra for inclusion in the NIH/EPA
mass spectral data base. Compounds were assayed
for purity before mass spectra were measured and,
when necessary, were purified by thin-layer chroma-
tography, recrystallization, sublimation, or distillation.
Compounds that were sufficiently volatile to be ame-
nable to gas chromatography (GC) and were less than
99% pure were introduced by GC. Quality control pro-
cedures included the use of decafluorotriphenylphos-
phine (DFTPP) for the molecular leak and GC inlets
and cholesterol for the direct insertion probe inlet.
Spectra of these standards were required to meet
stringent acceptance criteria every four hours of instru-
ment operation. High quality mass spectra were meas-
ured for 2000 of the 3024 compounds procured.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Chemical analysis,
'Contaminants, 'Environmental surveys, Purification,
Distillation, Gas chromatography, Quality control,
'Toxic substances data base, Thin layer chromatogra-
phy.
PB83-256206 PC A09/MF A01
Bulk Gasoline Terminals: Background Information
for Promulgated Standards. Final environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 83, 186p EPA-450/3-80-038B
See also PB82-152869.
Standards of performance to control volatile organic
compound emissions from new, modified, and recon-
structed bulk gasoline terminal loading racks are being
promulgated under the authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. This document contains a detailed sum-
mary of the public comments on the proposed stand-
ards (45 FR 83126), responses to these comments
and a summary of the changes to the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Air pollution control, 'Terminal facilities, 'Gasoline,
'Standards, Environmental impacts, Economic impact,
Tank trucks, Technology, Regulations, 'New source
performance standards, Clean air act.
PB83-256214 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Identifying Potential Asbestos Exposures in
Schools: The New York City Experience. Final
rept.,
New York City Board of Education, Long Island City.
Div. of School Buildings.
J. F. Cesario, R. A. Chiljean, A. R. Smith, and E E
Logue. Jun 81, 55p EPA/560/5-81-10
Contract EPA-68-01 -5848
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst
Research Triangle Park, NC.
This report describes the experience of the New York
City (NYC) Board of Education and their asbestos-in-
schools program. The program objectives were to: (a)
identify current and potential asbestos exposures in
NYC public schools, (b) evaluate the seriousness of
these asbestos exposures, (c) recommend appropri-
ate abatement action, and (d) oversee the completion
of the recommended action. A survey of all school
buildings was completed and priority problem areas
were identified. Major abatement activities were
scheduled for summer recess periods and completed
as funds became available.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Schools, Air pollution, Expo-
sure, Field tests, Laboratory equipments, Sampling,
Assessments, Surveys, * Indoor air pollution, New York
City(New York), Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB83-25687S PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Pilot Study: Summary,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
Ewin Bellack, and Joseph A. Cotruvo. Apr 83, 242p
CCMS-130, EPA/570/9-82-007
The Drinking Water Pilot Study was initiated by the U.
S. EPA in order to address a broad spectrum of drink-
ing water quality and health related issues. Six subject
areas have been studied by a number of groups repre-
senting individuals from eleven NATO countries and
three non-alliance countries with technical participa-
tion from many others. The topic areas include Analyti-
cal Chemistry and Data Handling (Area I), Advanced
Treatment Technology (Area II), Microbiology (Area
III), Health Effects (Area IV) Reuse of Water Re-
1534 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sources (Area V), and Ground Water Protection (Area
VI).
Keywords: 'Potable water, Chemical analysis, Public
health, Technology, Microbiology, Water reclamation,
Ground water recharge, Pilot plants, "Water quality,
'Water management, Water pollution
effects(Humans), State of the art.
PB83-257683 PCS45.00
New and Revised Test Guidelines for Health Ef-
fects, Environmental Effects, and Chemical Fate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 83, 953p-in 3v EPA-560/6-83-004
Set includes PB83-257691 through PB83-257717. See
also PB82-232976.
No abstract available.
PB83-257691 PCS25.00/MF A01
New and Revised Health Effects Test Guidelines.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 83, 415p' EPA-560/6-83-001
See also PB82-232984, and PB83-257709.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC$45.00, PB83-
257683.
These documents constitute a set of 2 new health ef-
fects test guidelines and support documents as well as
35 existing health effects test guidelines and 3 existing
support documents that had been subjected to minor
revisions in response to public comment. These will be
added to (new guidelines) and serve as substitutes for
(revised guidelines) the health effects test guidelines
publishedby NTIS in October, 1982.
Keywords: 'Toxicology. "Guidelines, 'Chemical tests,
Bioassay, Exposure, Mutations, Chromosomes, Deox-
yribonucleic acid, Tests, Assessments, Evaluation,
Toxic Substances Control Act, Public Law 94-469, Mu-
tagenesis, Neurotoxicity, State of the art.
PB83-257709 PC$7.00/MF A01
New Environmental Effects Test Guidelines.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 83. 52p* EPA-560/5-83-002
See also PB82-232992, PB83-257691, and PB83-
257717.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC$45.00, PB83-
257683.
These documents constitute a set of 2 new environ-
mental effects test guidelines and 1 new support docu-
ment. These will be additions to the set of environmen-
tal effects guidelines published by NTIS in October,
1982.
Keywords: 'Toxicology. 'Guidelines. "Chemical com-
pounds, Invertebrates, Aquatic animals, Birds,
Plants(Botany), Concentratipn(Composition), Risk,
Tests, Assessments, Evaluation, Bioassay, Phytotoxi-
city, Bioaccumulation, Toxic Substances Control Act,
Public Law 94-469, Health risks, "Environmental ef-
fects, State ot the art.
PB83-2S7717 PC$25.00/MF A01
New and Revised Chemical Fate Test Guidelines.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 83,486p* EPA-560/6-83-003
See also PB82-233008, and PB83-257709.
Also available in set of 3 reports PCS45.00, PB83-
257683.
These documents constitute a set of 2 new chemical
fate test guidelines and support documents that will be
added to the chemical fate test guidelines and support
documents that had been published by NTIS in Octo-
ber, 1982. There is also a major revision of one test
guideline and support document and minor revisions of
4 test guidelines and support documents that had ap-
peared in the October, 1962 publication. These revi-
sions were made in response to public comments.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Guidelines, 'Chemical tests,
Physical properties, Chemical properties. Transforma-
tions, Biodeterioration, Transport properties, Chemical
compounds, Decomposition, Reaction kinetics. Hy-
drolysis, Photolysis, Toxic Substances Control Act,
Public Law 94-469, Biodegradation, Path of pollutants,
State of the art.
PB83-258103 PC A21/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Nonmetal-
llc Mineral Processing Plants: Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 83, 485p EPA/450/3-83-001 A
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from nonmetallic mineral processing plants are being
proposed under the authority of Section III of the Clean
Air Act. These standards would apply to new, modified,
or reconstructed facilities at any nonmetallic mineral
processing plant including crushers, grinding mills,
screens, bucket elevators, conveyor belt transfer
points, bagging operations, storage bins, and enclosed
truck and railcar loading stations. This document con-
tains background information and environmental and
economic impact assessments, as proposed under 40
CFR Part 60, Subpart 000.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Beneficiation, 'Industrial wastes, "Air pollution con-
trol, Standards, Minerals, Particles, Sources, Perform-
ance evaluation, Revisions, Water pollution control,
Solid waste disposal, Noise pollution, Economic
impact, Assessments, Stationary sources.
PB83-258327 PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates.
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Aug 82,1066p-in6v
Set includes PB83-258335 through PB83-258384.
No abstract available.
PBS3-25B335 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Volume
1. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., Robert L. Horst, Jr., and
Kathleen M. Brennan. Aug 82,121p EPA-450/5-83-
001A
Contract EPA-68-02-3392
See also Volume 2, PB83-258343.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
258327.
This study was initiated by EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards as part of its review of the cur-
rent secondary standards for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
total suspended particulates (TSP). The study has
drawn heavily upon new data and research advances
from the past decade or so, and considerably expands
the information available about the economic benefits
of selected air pollution control regulations. The theo-
retical base for the analysis is a series of models struc-
tured to simulate optimizing behavior by members of
society in markets where air quality has an influence.
Groups of these members of society are referred to as
'economic sectors.' The four sectors analyzed in this
study are: (1 (Household, (2)Agricultural, (3)Manufac-
turing, and (4)Electric utilities.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Particles, "Sulfur di-
oxide, "Benefit cost analysis, 'Mathematical models,
Standards, Regulations, Households, Agricultural
wastes, Industrial wastes, Manufacturing, Electric
power plants, Substitutes, "Secondary National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards, "Total suspended particu-
lates, "Air quality.
PB83-258343 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Volume
2. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., Kathleen M. Brennan, and
Robert L. Horst, Jr. Aug 82, 300p EPA-450/5-83-001B
Contract EPA-68-02-3392
See also Volume 1, PB83-258335 and Volume 3,
PB83-258350.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
258327.
This study was initiated by EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards as part of its review of the cur-
rent secondary standards for sulfur dioxide (S02) and
total suspended particulates (TSP). The study has
drawn heavily upon new data and research advances
from the past decade or so, and considerably expands
the information available about the economic benefits
of selected air pollution control regulations. The theo-
retical base for the analysis is a series of models struc-
tured to simulate optimizing behavior by members of
society in markets where air quality has an influence.
Groups of these members of society are referred to as
'economic sectors.' The four sectors analyzed in this
study are: (l)Household, (2)Agricultural, ^(Manufac-
turing, and (4)Electric utilities. This document is on the
benefit analysis of households.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Mathematical models,
'Households, Standards, Regulations, Marketing,
Substitutes, "Secondary National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, "Total suspended particulates, "Air quality.
PB83-258368 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Volume
4. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., Kathleen M. Brennan, and
Robert L. Horst, Jr. Aug 82,148p EPA-450/5-83-001D
Contract EPA-68-02-3392
See also Volume 3, PB83-258350 and Volume 5,
PB83-258376.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
258327.
This study was initiated by EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards as part of its review of the cur-
rent secondary standards for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
total suspended particulates (TSP). The study has
drawn heavily upon new data and research advances
from the past decade or so, and considerably expands
the information available about the economic benefits
of selected air pollution control regulations. The theo-
retical base for the analysis is a series of models struc-
tured to simulate optimizing behavior by members of
society in markets where air quality has an influence.
Groups of these members of society are referred to as
'economic sectors.' The four sectors analyzed in this
study are: (l)Household, (2)Agricultural, (3)Manufac-
turing, and (4)Electric utilities. This document pertains
to farm crops and agricultural sector.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, "Air pollution control,
•Particles, "Sulfur dioxide. "Benefit cost analysis,
'Mathematical models, "Farm crops, Standards, Reg-
ulations, "Secondary National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, "Total suspended particulates, "Air quality.
PB83-258376 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Volume
S. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton, NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., Kathleen M. Brennan, and
Robert L. Horst, Jr. Aug 82,79p EPA-450/5-83-001 E
Contract EPA-68-02-3392
See also Volume 4, PB83-258368 and Volume 6,
PB83-258384.
Also available in set ot 6 reports PC E99, PB83-
258327.
This study was initiated by EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards as part of its review of the cur-
December 1983 1535
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rent secondary standards for sulfur dioxide (S02) and
total suspended participates (TSP). The study has
drawn heavily upon new data and research advances
from the past decade or so, and considerably expands
the information available about the economic benefits
of selected air pollution control regulations. The theo-
retical base for the analysis is a series of models struc-
tured to simulate optimizing behavior by members of
society in markets where air quality has an influence.
Groups of these members of society are referred to as
'economic sectors.' This document discusses a limited
extrapolation of the results of the basic analysis.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Particles, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, "Benefit cost analysis, 'Mathematical models,
•Extrapolation, Standards, Regulations, Households,
Industrial wastes, Manufacturing, Electric power
plants, 'Secondary National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, 'Total suspended particulates, 'Air quality.
PB83-258384 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Benefits Analysis of Alternative Secondary Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards for Sulfur Di-
oxide and Total Suspended Particulates. Volume
6. Final rept.,
Mathtech, Inc., Princeton. NJ.
Ernest H. Manuel, Jr., Kathleen M. Brennan, and
Robert L Horst, Jr. Aug 82,126p EPA-450/5-83-001F
Contract EPA-68-02-3392
See also Volume 5, PB83-258376.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99 PB83-
258327.
This study was initiated by EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards as part of its review of the cur-
rent secondary standards for sulfur dioxide (S02) and
total suspended particulates (TSP). The study has
drawn heavily upon new data and research advances
from the past decade or so, and considerably expands
the information available about the economic benefits
of selected air pollution control regulations. The theo-
retical base for the analysis is a series of models struc-
tured to simulate optimizing behavior by members of
society in markets where air quality has an influence.
Groups of these members of society are referred to as
'economic sectors.' The four sectors analyzed in this
study are: (1) Household, (2) Agricultural, (3) Manufac-
turing, and (4) Electric utilities.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Mathematical models,
Standards, Regulations, Households, Agricultural
wastes, Industrial wastes, Manufacturing, Electric
power plants, "Secondary National Ambient Air Quality
Standards, 'Total suspended particulates, 'Air quality.
PB83-2S8509 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Management Report, Region IV
(Pilot Project): Parts 1 and 2. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jun 83, 73p EPA/904/9-83-112A
SeealsoPB83-258517.
This report was prepared primarily as an internal docu-
ment to present to management an overview of envi-
ronmental status and trends in Region IV and to high-
light environmental problems and management impli-
cations. This is a part of a series of reports from each
of the ten federal Regions of the United States. Dis-
cussion is organized by the several programs con-
cerned with different aspects (media) of the environ-
ment from air quality to radiation and pesticides. This
report covers the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina
and Tennessee.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Trends, Pesti-
cides, Radioactive contaminants, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Hazardous materials, Tennessee, Water
quality, Potable water, Ground water, Solid waste dis-
posal, *EPA region 4, 'Environment management, Air
quality.
PB83-2S8517 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Management Report, Region IV
(Pilot Project): Attachments A and B. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Jun 83, 207p EPA/904/9-83-112B
See also PB83-258509.
This report was prepared primarily as an internal docu-
ment to present to management an overview of envi-
ronmental status and trends in Region IV and to high-
light environmental problems and management impli-
cations. This is a part of a series of reports from each
of the ten federal Regions of the United States. Dis-
cussion is organized by the several programs con-
cerned with different aspects (media) of the environ-
ment from air quality to radiation and pesticides. This
report covers the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina
and Tennessee.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Trends, Water
quality, Ground water, Potable water, Hazardous mate-
rials, Radioactive contaminants, Pesticides, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Caroli-
na, South Carolina, Tennessee, *EPA region 4, 'Envi-
ronment management, Air quality.
PB83-258657 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.
Comparison of Alternative Manure Management
Systems: Effect on the Environment, Total Energy
Requirement, Nutrient Conservation, Contribution
to Corn Silage Production and Economics. Final
rept.,
Agway, Inc., Syracuse, NY. Research and Develop-
ment DepL
Rodney 0. Martin, and David L. Matthews. Sep 83,
167pEPA-600/2-83-081
Grant EPA-R-804349
This study compares alternative dairy manure man-
agement systems operated under full scale commer-
cial conditions. The study investigates weight of
manure handled per cow per year, labor and energy re-
quirements, effect on the environment, nutrient con-
servation, corn silage production and total annual op-
erating costs. The dairy production facility used was a
confinement stall barn at the Agway Farm Research
Center, Tully, New York. Provisions were made to
handle the manure from the barn in three ways: (1) di-
rectly into a spreader for daily spreading, (2) by gravity
into a liquid manure storage tank for spring application
and immediate plow down, (3) hydraulic ram to a roof-
covered above-ground manure storage for spring and
fall spreading. Results of the study show that a manure
storage system can reduce annual labor requirements
by 65 percent and fuel requirement by 60 percent or
more, compared to daily spreading.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Dairy cattle, Dairy buildings, Weight(Mass), Materials
handling, Manpower, Silage, Storage tanks, Spread-
ing, Fuels, Management, Operating costs, Cost effec-
tiveness, Comparison, New York, 'Manure, 'Land ap-
plication, Energy requirements.
PB83-258665 PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology for 1982. Held at
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on November 16-18,
1982,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Franklin A. Ayer. Sep 83, 391p EPA-600/9-83-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
See also PB83-164038. Sponsored in part by Ameri-
can Iron and Steel Inst., Washington, DC.
The proceedings document presentations at the Sym-
posium on Iron and Steel Pollution Abatement Tech-
nology for 1982, the fourth in this series, held in Pitts-
burgh on November 16-18, 1982. It provided a forum
for the exchange of information on technological prob-
lems related to multimedia pollution control in the iron
and steel industry. American and international repre-
sentatives from industry, academia, the research com-
munity, public interest organizations, and Federal and
state governments participated. The opening session
dealt with cost reduction, rational decision-making in
technological development, alternatives to confronta-
tion between industry and environmentalists, a geo-
graphic approach to integrated environmental man-
agement, and environmental trade-offs. Subsequent
sessions dealt with other aspects of solid waste, air,
and water pollution abatement related to the industry.
In all, 186 people participated in the symposium.
Keywords: *lron and steel industry, * Environmental
surveys, 'Meetings, Technology, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Air pollution control, Water pol-
lution control, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Earth fills,
Materials recovery, Coking, Solid wastes, Environment
management.
PB83-258707 PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.
Combined Treatment of Liquid Wastes from In-
dustrial Swine Farms Using BLWRS (Barriered
Landscape Water Renovation). Final rept.,
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
Warsaw (Poland).
Jerzy Rybinski, Aleksandra Zelechowska, Zbigniew
Makowski, Romuald Ceglarski, and Elzbieta
Heybowicz. Sep 83, 216p EPA-600/2-83-080
The efficiency of Barriered Landscape Water Renova-
tion (BLWRS), 1500 m2 in size, to renovate flushed
slurry from the industrial pig farm was studied during
two years of exploitation. A water budget for BLWRS
was prepared, transformations of volatile solids, COD
TN, TKN, organic nitrogen, oxidized nitrogen forms'
and TP occuring in the bed at the different BLWRS
depths were described. An oxygen balance for the
BLWRS was developed, the effect of metals removal
was described, and the influence of temperature on
the occuring processes as well as its influence on the
possibility of full-time operation was defined. The ob-
tained results were compared with similar, but carried
out in the smaller scale investigations, which were
published in 1974 by Erickson. This work was done
within the frames of Maria Curie-Sklodowska Fund in
cooperation with the American Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. The experimental part of the work was
completed on March 31,1981.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Sewage treatment,
Farms, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Nu-
trients, 'Barriered Landscape Water Renovation,
'Swine, 'Manure, Pretreatment(Water), Land man-
agement.
PB83-259390 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Petroleum Versus Alternate-Source Fuel Effects
on Light-Duty Diesel Emissions. Final rept. Jun 82-
Jan 83,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Bruce B. Bykowski. Aug 83,164p EPA/460/3-83-007
Contract EPA-68-03-3073
The major objective of this project was to determine if
the effects of property variation in alternate-source
fuels on exhaust emissions were the same, less pro-
nounced, or more pronounced than the effects of
property variation in petroleum fuels. This study gener-
ated exhaust emissions data using several alternate-
source diesel fuels in 1980 Volkswagen Rabbit. The
same vehicle was used in an earlier study to evaluate
several other alternate-source fuels. Data from this
study and the previous study were combined to repre-
sent alternate-source fuel effects on light-duty diesel
exhaust emissions. Data regarding petroleum fuel ef-
fects on light-duty diesel emissions were obtained by
reviewing available studies found in a library literature
search. One of the major challenges in performing this
work was to formulate a statistical analysis test plan
which would strengthen the statistical arguments,
while minimizing the number of assumptions and maxi-
mizing the applications of the conclusions.
Keywords: 'Petroleum, 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust
emissions, Fuels, Laboratory equipment, Sources, Par-
ticles, Odors, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Light duty vehicles,
'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Alternate fuels.
PB83-2596S5 PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Combustion Variable Effects on
NOx Emissions from Mineral Kilns. Final rept. Oct
79-Aug 80,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. J. Tidona, W. A. Carter, H. J. Buening, S. S. Cherry,
and M. N. Mansour. Aug 83,89p KVB72-806023-1305,
EPA-600/7-83-045
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
1536 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report discusses results of tests on a lime kiln, a
precalciner cement kiln, and a conventional wet proc-
ess cement kiln. Where applicable, the effectiveness
of excess air variations on pollutant emissions is quan-
tified and compared to previous results. Combustion
modifications were not implemented on the precal-
ciner cement kiln. A subscaie cement kiln simulator
was designed, fabricated, and operated to determine
the effect of burner operating variables on near-flame
NOx production. The effects of combustion air pre-
heat, carrier air dilution, and fuel injection velocity were
the primary variables assessed for both natural gas
and coal.
Keywords: "Kilns, "Nitrogen oxides, *Air pollution con-
trol, Comparison, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sampling, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Process charting, 'Combustion modifications,
Rotary lime kilns, Dry methods, Wet methods, Precal-
ciner cement kilns, Cement kilns.
PB83-2S9663 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Polishing Industrial Waste Stream Effluents Using
Fly Ash - Natural Clay Sorbent Combination. Final
rept. 1 Oct77-1 Oct78,
New Jersey Inst. of Tech., Newark.
Paul C. Chan, John W. Liskowitz, Mung-Shium Sheith,
and Richard Trattner. Sep 83, 57p EPA-600/2-83-085
Grant EPA-R-805666
A laboratory evaluation of the use of acidic and basic
fly ashes, bentonite, bauxite, illite, kaolinite, zeolite,
vermiculite, and activated alumina is presented for po-
lishing a 3.8 x 10 to the 6th power liters per day waste
stream from the feldspar mining and processing indus-
try. Activated alumina which is used for the removal of
fluoride in potable water supplies is included for com-
parison purposes.
Keywords: "Sorbents, "Water pollution control, "Fly
ash, "Clay, "Wining, Industrial waste treatment, Feld-
spar, Permeability, pH, Potable water, Comparison.
PB83-259671 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cyanide Removal from Coke Making and Blast
Furnace Waste Waters. Final rept. Aug 78-Mar 82,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
G. W. Lower, and D. J. Spottiswood. Aug 83, 64p EPA-
600/2 83-066
Grants EPA-R-805807, EPA-R-807818
Sponsored in part by American Iron and Steel Inst.,
Washington, DC.
The report gives results of a study to determine the
feasibility of removing cyanide from coke making and
blast furnace waste waters by ion flotation or column
precipitate flotation of iron ferrocyanides. Ion flotation
was reasonably effective on ferricyanide, but not on
cyanide or ferrocyanide; therefore, efforts were con-
centrated on the formation and flotation of iron ferrocy-
anide precipitates. Test results also showed that pre-
cipitate flotation can be used as a primary process to
remove most of the cyanide and could be used to meet
effluent limitations under certain conditions, depending
on feed concentration and volume. Ion exchange tests
on synthetic solutions produced effluents which met
discharge standards. This may be one possible sec-
ondary method of treatment; however, no work was
done on flotation effluents or plant liquors.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Cyanides,
"Coking, "Blast furnaces, Flotation,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Industrial waste treatment,
Ion exchanging.
PB83-259689 PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Macro-
scopic Planning Model (EPAMAC) for Stormwater
and Combined Sewer Overflow Control: Applica-
tion Guide and User's Manual. Final rept.,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
William G. Smith, and Marianne E. Strickf aden. Sep 83,
335p EPA-600/2-83-086
Contract EPA-68-03-2877
A simplified stormwater management model has been
developed to provide an inexpensive, flexible tool for
planning and preliminary sizing of stormwater facilities.
The model was developed to be part of a methodology
for use in the management of stormwater that utilizes
both simple computer programs and hand computa-
tions. The model consists of three uncomplicated but
interrelated programs that can be used singularly or to-
gether. Capabilities of the model, in addition to quantity
and quality analyses for stormwater flows, include dry-
weather flow, hourly simulation, overflow event analy-
sis, pollutant removals due to sedimentation in stor-
age, and lateral inflows. Postprocessor programs can
also provide histogram plots of flow and quality and
analyses of receiving water coliform limitation violation
days for several coliiorm standards.
Keywords: "Overflows, "Combined sewers, "Water
pollution control, Mathematical models, Droughts,
Management, Coliform bacteria, Waste water, Volume,
Watersheds, Land use, Flow charting, Computer pro-
grams, "Storm water runoff, EPAMAC computer pro-
gram,
PB83-259697 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Plant-Scale Demonstration of Sludge Incinerator
Fuel Reduction. Final rept.,
Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research, IN.
Albert J. Verdouw, Eugene W. Waltz, and Webb
Bernhardt. Sep 83, 80p EPA/600/2-83-083
Grant /EPA-S-806248
A plant-scale demonstration was conducted on 8
sewage sludge incinerators at Indianapolis, Indiana to
reduce fuel consumption. More efficient operating
mode of operation was developed, instrumentation
and controls were added and an operator training pro-
gram was conducted to reduce fuel consumption. Over
an 8-month demonstration period the fuel usage was
reduced 34% for a savings of over $900,000 per year
($1.00 gal fuel). A short demonstration, when technical
personnel were present at all times, indicated that the
fuel sayings could be 75%. It was estimated that all
plants in the U.S. could reduce 20-50% of their fuel
usage if a similar program were used for sludge incin-
eration. Additional savings of $3,000,000 were realized
for air pollution abatement equipment. Particulate
emissions were sufficiently reduced so that this addi-
tional equipment was not required.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Fuel consumption, "Air pol-
lution control, "Sludge disposal, Particles, Filtration,
Equipment, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Solid waste disposal, "Sewage sludge.
PB83-259705 PC A08/MF A01
Muncipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Demonstrate Real Time Automatic Control of
Combined Sewer Systems. Final rept.,
San Francisco Wastewater Program, CA.
Harold C. Coffee, Donald E. Evenson, Paul R. Giguere,
Gene T. Handa, and Christos A. Phanartzis. Sep 83,
173p EPA-606/2-83-084
The primary objective of this study was to develop a
real time automatic control model that could be used in
connection with a combined sewer system to minimize
overflows during storms. The model was applied to the
North Shore Outfall Consolidation Project in San Fran-
cisco. This project consists of a large transport storage
facility that intercepts existing outfalls and allows flows
to be pumped to a primary or a secondary treatment
plant depending on operational strategy. Four reactive
control strategies and one reactive-predictive strategy
were formulated and evaluated for pollutant removal
performance. The cost effectiveness of each was then
determined.
Keywords: "Automatic control, "Mathematical models,
"Combined sewers, "Overflows, Cost effectiveness,
Rainfall, Substitutes, Flow charts, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Computer applications.
PB83-259713 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preliminary Environmental Assessment on Form-
coke Cokemaklng Process. Final rept. Feb-Jun 80,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park NC
D. W. Coy, C. C. Allen, and B. H. Carpenter. Auq 83
70p RTI/1914-17-01F, EPA-600/7-83-046 '
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of a preliminary environmental
evaluation and assessment of formcoking. The work is
based on readily available literature sources, a plant
visit, formcoke plant proposal and feasibility study
data, and discussions with engineers and operators in-
volved with formcoking. Material balances, calcula-
tions, and engineering judgement were used to con-
vert existing data and information into a form that can
be used to compare environmental discharges be-
tween formcoking and conventional by-product
coking. Comparison results are presented. The lack of
environmental data on formcoking is noted.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Coking, Solid
waste disposal, Air pollution, Water pollution, Assess-
ments, Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Proc-
ess charting, Feasibility, Trace elements, Technology.
Comparison, "Formcoking, "Pollution control, Land
disposal.
PB83-259721 PC A02/MF A01
Effects on Toxlcity of Volatile Priority Pollutants
Added to a Conventional Wastewater Treatment
System,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Timothy W. Neiheisel, William B. Horning, Albert C.
Petrasek, Jr., Vivian R. Asberry, and Debbe A. Jones
Sep 83,22p EPA-600/3-83-083
Static acute, unaerated, toxicity tests using fathead
minnows and Daphnia magna and a bacterial toxicity
assay, MicrotoxfTM), were conducted on samples of
influent and effluent from two conventional activated
sludge pilot Wastewater treatment systems. The two
pilot treatment systems (A and B) were constructed
and operated in an identical manner except that a mix-
ture of 16 volatile priority pollutants was continuously
added to the influent of the experimental, B system.
The common, unspiked influent for both systems was
a mixed industrial and domestic wastewater. The toxic-
ity tests were performed on the influent, primary efflu-
ent, and secondary effluent samples to determine the
acute toxicity of the various samples and to compare
the reduction in toxicity across the two treatment sys-
tems. The results of these tests indicated that there
was no difference in toxicity reduction between the two
pilot treatment systems at the level of pollutants
added.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Sewage treatment, "Industrial
waste treatment, "Activated sludge process, Laborato-
ry animals, Aquatic animals, Bacteria, Sampling, Public
health, "Bioaccumulation, Fathead minnows, Microtox
assays.
PB83-259739 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Value of Flow Calibration for Decision Making in
Infiltration/Inflow Studies,
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston. MA.
William C. Pisano, David S. Watson, and Gerald L.
Aronson. Sep 83,75p EPA-600/2-83-087
Grant EPA-R-804578
This report deals with the value of flow calibration for
decision making in sewer system studies. Primary data
used in this investigation were the field measurement
results from a prior infiltration/inflow study conducted
for the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC),
Boston, covering portions of West Roxbury-Newton-
Brookline-Dedham in the Boston metropolitan area.
The results are applicable 1or any sewer system flow
measurement program. The present study included a
variety of 'what if scenarios for critical key manholes
as to the amount of information available to develop
stage/flow calibration curves. The findings indicate
that the additional care and the costs involved in pri-
mary flow calibration of stage/flow curves for sewer
system evaluations are well worth the effort, and, in
many instances, could save the government valuable
resources.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Storm sewers "Flow
measurement, 'Water pollution control, "Urban areas.
Calibrating, Overflows, Outfall sewers, Manholes,
Open channel flow, Sanitary engineering, Manning for-
mula, Surface roughness. Fluid infiltration, Cost effec-
tiveness, Boston(Massachusetts), Discharge(Water).
December 1983 1537
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-259853 PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Wastewater Management Branch.
Fate of Organic Pollutants In a Wastewater Land
Treatment System Using Lagoon Impoundment
and Spray Irrigation. Final rept. May 79-Nov 81,
Muskegon County Wastewater Management System,
Ml.
Y. A. Demirjian, R. R. Rediske, and T. H. Westman.
Sep 83, 312p EPA-600/2-83-077
Contract EPA-R-806873
Muskegon County Wastewater Management System
(MCWMS) is one of the largest facilities of its kind
treating on the average of 125 thousand cubic meters
of wastewater by extended aeration, lagoon impound-
ment and spray irrigation. Over 70% of the influent
originates from industrial sources including several or-
ganic chemical manufacturers. This study was under-
taken to determine the fate of the organic compounds
with in the treatment system. The water treated in this
manner enters two storage lagoons (344 hectare
each). Impoundment for approximately five months
helps to further remove organics by further volatiliza-
tion, sedimentation, biological breakdown and photo-
decomposition. The organic compounds surviving
after this treatment are in most cases less than 1 % of
their influent concentrations. Spray irrigation of the
lagoon impounded water, however, virtually removes
all remaining organic matter. The draintiles which col-
lect the soil percolated water show only sporadic low
concentrations. In addition, after eight years of irriga-
tion, the soils are almost free of organic compounds.
The analysis of corn samples did not detect any
uptake of man-made organics.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Organic compounds,
'Industrial wastes, Lagoons(Ponds), Aeration, Irriga-
tion, Filtration, Nutrients, "Path of pollutants, 'Land
disposal, Spray irrigation systems, Muskegon County
Wastewater Management System.
PB83-259861 PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Swine Manure and Lagoon Effluent Applied to
Fescue. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Agri-
culture and Life Sciences.
Philip W. Westerman, Larry D. King, Joseph C. Burns,
and Michael R. Overcash. Sep 83,154p EPA-600/2-
83-078
Grant EPA-R-804608
The utilization potential and the environmental effects
of applying swine manure and swine lagoon effluent to
tall fescue were evaluated for four years. Lagoon efflu-
ent was applied to 9 in. X 9 in. plots by weekly sprinkler
irrigations during the growing season while swine
manure slurry from an under-slat pit was applied to a
similar plot four times per year. Treatments were
chosen to evaluate the acceptable maximum applica-
tion rate, which is important when land area for appli-
cation is limiting. The results indicated that swine
manure and swine lagoon effluent can be excellent
sources of nutrients for fescue, but water quality con-
siderations, N03(-N) levels in the forage, stand per-
sistence and long-term soil effects must be evaluated
when determing acceptable maximum application
rates.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, "Wastedisposal, "Irri-
gation, Grasses, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Water quality, Ac-
ceptability, "Manure, "Land application, Sewage irriga-
tion.
PB83-259978 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles In
Los Angeles: In-Use Feasibility Program. Final
rept. May-Oct 83,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc.. Westminis-
ter, CA.
Robert A. Cassidy. Oct82,54p EPA/460/3-82-013
Contract EPA-68-03-3023
See also PB83-124669.
This report presents the procedures used in a feasibili-
ty study to test properly maintained vehicles which had
accumulated between 40,000 and 50,000 miles. The
test fleet consisted of California certified 1979 automo-
biles obtained through random selection from private
owners in Los Angeles and Orange County Areas.
Each test vehicle received an incoming inspection and
repair of minor disablements prior to testing. The test
consisted of a diurnal heat build, less emissions, fol-
lowed by the 1978 Federal Test Procedure. Vehicles
failing the 1979 California standards received a tune-
up, maintenance, and repair of malfunctions prior to a
retest.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Feasi-
bility, Motor vehicles, Maintenance, "Light duty vehi-
cles, Los Angeles(California), Orange
County(California).
PB83-259986 PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies of Dust Cake Formation and Structure In
Fabric Filtration,
Textile Research Inst., Princeton, NJ.
Bernard Miller, George Lamb, Peter Costanza, Dudley
A. Seville, and Myoung Joon Oak. Aug 83,61 p EPA-
600/9-81 -023
Grant EPA-R-804926
See also PB-283 179.
Measurements with composite fabrics in which the up-
stream layer had a very low packing density (i.e., low
fiber volume fraction) support the hypothesis that pres-
sure drop reduction by means of electrical stimulation
is due to preferential formation of the dust cake in the
region of low packing density. The interdependence of
electrical stimulation of fabric filters and intensity of
cleaning by reverse-air flow has been studied. While
standard commercial felts and woven glass fabrics
show only a moderate response to cleaning vigor,
pressure drop across the napped felts exhibits a
strong dependence on both applied voltage and re-
verse-air velocity. In order to determine whether ef-
fects of fiber cross-sectional shape on filtration per-
formance were mainly mechanical or electrostatic in
origin, filter felts were made with round or lobed cross-
section fibers and were coated with gold. The hypothe-
sis that effects due to fiber geometry have a large elec-
trostic component is thus reinforced. The stability 9)
the dust cake also appears to depend on electrostatic
forces. Theoretical studies of capture on single fibers
in an electric field have revealed the axial polarization
effects, frequently ignored in similar studies, can over-
whelm the effects of the more commonly studied radial
polarization.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Dust fil-
ters, "Caking, "Electric fields. Air filters, Fabrics, Filtra-
tion, Performance evaluation, Technology, Revisions.
Metal coatings, Tetrafluoroethylene fibers, Cleaning,
"Fabric filters, Teflon, Numerical solution.
PB83-259994 PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Criteria for Marine Recreational
Waters,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Victor J. Cabelli. Aug 83,112p EPA-600/1-80-031
The report presents health effects quality criteria for
marine recreational waters and a recommendation for
a specific criterion among those developed. It is the
mathematical relationship of the swimming-associated
rate of gastrointestinal symptoms among bathers to
the quality of the water as determined by the density of
a fecal indicator, enterococci. Thus, it can be used to
provide guidelines based upon acceptable rather than
detectable risk and is consistent with risk analysis.
Keywords: "Water quality, Criteria, Recreation, Rec-
ommendations, Gastrointestinal diseases, Signs and
symptoms, Indicator species, Miroorganisms, Bacte-
ria, "Water pollution effects(Humans), Health risks,
Bioindicators.
PB83-260000 PC A05/MF A01
Management of Environmental Protection Agency
Project by Local Grantee. Final rept.
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Civil Engineerinq.
Jul 82,87p EPA/430/9-83-006
The purpose of this report is to identify contemporary
grantee Project Management techniques, critically
analyze those techniques which are weak or ineffec-
tive, identify techniques which will improve grantee op-
erations, and establish the basic costs for grantee
Project Management services.
Keywords: "Project management, "National govern-
ment, Methodology, Evaluation, Cost analysis, Sched-
uling, Grants.
PB83-260174 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles In
Denver. Final rept.
Automotive Testing Labs., Inc., Aurora, CO
31 Aug 81, 34p EPA-460/3-81 -017
Contract EPA-68-03-3022
A sample of 300 light-duty vehicles normally operated
in the Denver metropolitan area was tested for emis-
sions and fuel economy. The vehicles were from the
1978 through 1982 model years and included both
passenger cars and light-duty trucks. One purpose of
the program was to gather information for calculations
and projections of ambient air quality. Another purpose
was to assemble data on current model year vehicles
for use in the support of Inspection/Maintenance and
other regulatory programs. The vehicles were tested
for exhaust emissions utilizing the Federal Test Proce-
dure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET), and
four short mode tests. 125 vehicles from the 1980-82
model years received an evaporative emission test
using the sealed housing evaporative determination
(SHED) technique. Other actions were taken in relation
to each vehicle tested. These included an engine and
emission control system maladjustment/disablement
and status inspection, driveability evaluations, and
owner interviews to obtain vehicle maintenance and
usage data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Fuel
consumption, Motor vehicles, Trucks, Inspection
Maintenance, Tests, Measuring instruments, Calibrat-
ing, Automobiles, "Light duty vehicles,
Denver(ColoradO).
PB83-260281 PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Characterization and Treatment of Aqueous
Wastes and Residue from Petroleum Refineries
Final rept. 1 Oct 79-30 Sep 82,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
S L. Burkes, and Jan Wagner. Sep 83, 147p EPA-600/
2-83-089
Grant EPA-R-806798
This research project was designed to identify process
wastewaters which contained a significant proportion
of the total load of contaminants in petroleum refinery
wastewaters and to evaluate methods for intensively
treating these highly concentrated low-volume
streams. In addition, selected waste residues from API
gravity separator, dissolved air flotation units, and
'slop' oil emulsions were analyzed to determine the
presence of hazardous chemicals as listed by EPA's
Office of Solid Waste. Process wastewaters from the
fluid catalytic cracking units, crude desalting unit
coking unit, and barometric condensor contained the
highest levels of contaminants. These process
wastewater streams were major contributors to the
total load of phenol, ammonia, sulfide, and organic
carbon contamination of the combined refinery
wastewaters.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Refineries, "Water
pollution control, Activated carbon treatment, Filtra-
tion, Industrial waste treatment, Catalytic cracking,
Phenol, Ammonia, Sulfides, Carbon, 'Solid wastes, Bi-
ological industrial waste treatment.
PB83-260471 PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens. GA.
Analytical Method for Determination of Asbestos
Fibers In Water. Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 81,
Ontario Research Foundation, Mississauga.
Eric J. Chatfield, and M. Jane Dillon. Sep 83,276p
EPA-600/4-83-043
Contract EPA-68-03-2717
An analytical method for measurement of asbestos
fiber concentration in water samples is described.
Fibers are classified using selected area electron dif-
fraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Meas-
urement of characteristic features on a recorded and
calibrated selected area electron diffraction pattern is
specified for precise identification of chrysotile. Quanti-
1538 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tative determination of the chemical composition, and
quantitative interpretation of at least one calibrated
zone azis selected area diffraction pattern are speci-
fied for precise identification of amphibole. Amphibole
identification procedures and generation of the stand-
ard reporting format specified for the fiber count re-
sults are achieved using two computer programs that
are integral to the analytical method.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Asbestos, Water pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, X ray analysis, Electron dif-
fraction, Serpentine, Laboratory equipment, Sampling,
'Water pollution sampling, Energy dispersive x ray
analysis.
PB83-260489 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of Thermal Additions on the Dynamics of
Fouling Communities at Beaufort, North Carolina.
Final rept.,
Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine Lab.
William W. Kirby-Smith. Sep83,155p EPA-600/3-83-
082,, ERLN-X42
Grant EPA-R-803856
The effects of long-term, low-level thermal additions
on the marine epibenthic community were investigated
in a laboratory flow-through system maintained at tem-
perature differentials of OC (an unheated control), 2C,
4C, and 6C above the ambient temperature. The com-
munities were allowed to develop on unglazed ceramic
We plates over a three-year period and were sampled
nondestructively at monthly intervals for percent cover
by individual species. Recruitment also was assessed
at monthly intervals. Within the laboratory system, in-
creasing temperatures had a pronounced effect upon
recruitment of individual species and on some at-
tributes of the permanent community, namely number
of species and diversity.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fouling organisms, 'Thermal
pollution, Sampling, Temperature, Abundance,
Coasts, Larvae, North Carolina, Graphs(Charts), "Spe-
cies diversity, Recruitment.
PB83-260497 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Study of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles in
San Antonio, Texas. Final rept. 29 Sep 80-29 Jul 81,
EG and G Automotive Research, Inc., San Antonio,
TX.
Mark D. Dalen, Maurice Forshee, and L. Kevin Kott.
Sep81, 112pEPA-460/3-81-019
Contract EPA-68-03-3024
See also PB83-l24743.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
Three hundred 1978 through 1981 in-use light duty ve-
hicles were obtained from the public, in the San Anto-
nio Metropolitan Area. These vehicles were tested as
received, lor exhaust emissions utilizing the Federal
Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test, and
four short mode tests. All vehicles were subjected to a
thorough emissions control component inspection.
Fifty vehicles which failed to meet applicable stand-
ards, received maintenance and a retest.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
Inspection, Maintenance, Performance evaluation,
Gas analysis, Texas, Tables(Data), Sampling, "Light
duty vehicles, Air pollution detection, San
AntoniofTexas), Air pollution sampling.
PB83-260760 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Light-Duty Diesel Organic Participate Control
Technology Investigation. Final rept. Sep 78-Mar
83,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Charles M. Urban. Aug 83, 262p EPA-460/3-82-011
Contract EPA-68-03-2873
Methods for paniculate, and associated organics,
emission control were evaluated in several diesel cars.
Of the methods investigated, only 'paniculate traps'
provided large reductions in particulate emissions.
Traps evaluated included metal mesh and ceramic
monolithic configurations, catalyzed and uncatalyzed.
One of the cars, with a ceramic trap installed, complet-
ed eighty thousand kilometers of distance accumula-
tion. No significant deterioration of emissions occurred
over those eighty thousand kilometers.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
"Traps, Performance evaluation, Exhaust emissions,
Organic compounds, Tables(Data), Technology, Dura-
bility, Fuels, Diesel engines. Revisions, 'Light duty ve-
hicles, 'Diesel engine exhaust, Baseline measure-
ments.
PB83-260810 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Survey of Statistical Measures of (Model Perform-
ance and Accuracy for Several Air Quality Models,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Gary E. Moore, Till E. Stoeckenius, and Douglas A.
Stewart. 25 Jun 82,124p 82345, EPA-450/4-83-001
Contract EPA-68-01-5845
This study reviews a number of model evaluation stud-
ies. The statistical measures of model accuracy and
performance presented in these studies have been
grouped into sets reflecting the recommendations of
the American Meteorological Society's (AMS) Woods
Hole Workshop on judging air quality model perform-
ance. These statistics have been further aggregated
into a generalized set of statements that describe
model performance and accuracy and are presented
in tables organized according to model type and use.
Results indicate only four or five models that have a
significant evaluation history; in addition, they illustrate
several recurring tendencies of past model evaluation
studies and ways of avoiding certain deficiencies in
model evaluation.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Tables(Data), Surveys, Statisti-
cal analysis, Comparison, "Air quality.
PB83-261099 PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility of In Situ Solidification/Stabilization of
Landfllled Hazardous Wastes, Final rept. Nov 81-
Mar 82,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
J. Bruce Truett, Richard L. Holberger, and Kris W.
Barrett. Sep 83,93p EPA-600/2-83-088
Contract EPA-68-02-3665
This report discusses the feasibility of solidifying or
stabilizing hazardous industrial wastes that are already
in place at a landfill. Solidification methods considered
include (1) incorporating the waste into solids, (2)
fusing the waste with soil, and (3) isolating the waste
by enclosing it in impermeable inert envelopes or
smaller capsules. None of the solidification methods
appears generally applicable to large landfills contain-
ing mixed industrial wastes, although two methods
appear promising for some specific applications. The
more promising methods were examined for possible
application at the 8.5 acre LaBounty site at Charles
City, Iowa. None of the solidification/stabilization
methods appears suitable for in situ application at this
site because of large variations in the permeability of
the fill material ana the diverse chemical composition
of the wastes. This report was submitted in fulfillment
of Contract No. 68-02-3665 by the Mitre Corporation
under sponsorship of the USEPA. This report covers
the period November 1981 to March 1982 and work
was completed as of April 1982.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Indus-
trial wastes, "Stability, "Solidification, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Feasibility, Encapsulation, Leaching, Sites,
Ground water, Tables(Data), Soil chemistry, Oxidation
reduction reactions, Technology, Permeability, Chemi-
cal industry, "Liquid waste disposal, In situ processes,
Charles City(lowa).
PB83-261107 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phytoplankton Species Composition, Abundance
and Distribution In Southern Lake Huron, 1980, In-
cluding a Comparative Analysis with Conditions In
1974 Prior to ifutrlent Loading Reductions,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Eugene F. Stoermer, Russell G. Kreis, Jr., and
Theodore B. Ladewski. Sep 83,264p EPA-600/3-83-
089
Grant EPA-807450
This summarizes studies conducted during 1980 to
assess the effects of reductions in phosphorus loading
to Saginaw Bay on phytoplankton in the bay and the
adjacent waters of Lake Huron. Quantitative estimates
of phytoplankton abundance were developed from an
array of stations sampled during the ice-free season.
Distribution and abundance of major species and mul-
tivariate statistical representations of associations
were compared to similar data collected during 1974,
prior to phosphorus loading reductions. Results show
a substantial reduction in the abundance and range of
distribution of eutrophication tolerant and potentially
nuisance-producing phytoplankton populations in
Saginaw Bay and reduced export of such populations
to the main Lake Huron system.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Saginaw Bay. "Nutrients,
'Water pollution, Lake Huron, Algae, Ecology, Trans-
port properties, Phosphorus, "Eutrophication.
PB83-261461 PC A03/MF A01
Glossary for Air Pollution Control of Industrial
Coating Operations (with Graphical Aids for Rapid
Estimation of Acceptable Compliance Alterna-
tives).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Jun 83, 42p EPA/450/3-83-013
Common terms used in the air pollution control of
emissions from industrial coating operations are de-
fined. The definitions cover both coatings terminology
and terms related to the Clean Air Act. Appendices
give sample calculations to illustrate emission reduc-
tions achieved by changing coatings. Graphical aids
which simplify calculations are shown.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coatings, "Diction-
aries, Industrial wastes.
PB83-261644 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flare Efficiency Study. Final rept. May 82-Mar 83,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Austin, TX.
Marc McDaniel. Jul 83,145p EPA-600/2-83-052
Contract EPA-68-02-3541
The report gives results of a full-scale experimental
study to determine the efficiencies of flare burners for
disposing of hydrocarbon (HC> emissions from refinery
and petrochemical processes. With primary objectives
of determining the combustion efficiency and HC de-
struction efficiency for both air- and steam-assisted
flares under a wide range of operating conditions, it
provides a data base for defining the air quality impact
of flaring. Test results indicate that flaring is generally
an efficient HC disposal method for the conditions
evaluated. Test methodology involved a special 27-ft
sample probe suspended by a crane over the flare
flame.
Keywords: "Flares, "Air pollution control, "Refineries,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Performance eval-
uation. Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Hydro-
carbons, Quality assurance, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides. Oxygen, Tables(Data), Quality control, Com-
bustion efficiency, Concentration(Composition), Sites.
Sampling, "Air quality, "Petrochemical industry, "Air
pollution sampling.
PB83-261651 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Development of Improved Analytical Techniques
for Determination of Asbestos In Water Samples.
Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 81,
Ontario Research Foundation, Mississauga
E. J. Chatfield, M. J. Dillon, and W. R. Stott. Sep 83,
147p EPA-60GY4-83-042
Contract EPA-68-03-2717
Sample preparation techniques were examined for the
analysis of asbestos fiber concentrations in water. The
carbon-coated Nuclepore technique using a polycar-
bonate filter proved to be superior to either the 'drop'
or the collapsed membrane filter technique. Compared
with plasma ashing, ozone-ultraviolet light oxidation of
water samples was found to be a simpler and superior
technique for removal of organic materials. Experi-
ments revealed that large proportions of the suspend-
ed asbestos fibers could become attached to the
inside surfaces of sample containers. This effect was
caused by trace organic materials of bacterial origin.
Ozone oxidation, carried out inside the collection con-
tainer, released the attached fibers into the water
December 1983 1539
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
again. If bacteria and their products were excluded ini-
tially, and if absolute sterility was maintained thereaf-
ter, suspensions of both chrysolite and crocidolite ap-
peared to be stable for long periods of time. Tests of
reference suspensions in sealed glass ampoules
stored for almost two years produced fiber concentra-
tion values statistically compatible with those obtained
at the time of sample preparation.
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Asbestos, 'Water pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Concentratipn(Composition),
Sampling, Fibers, X ray analysis, Oxidation, Stability,
•Water pollution detection, Transmission electron mi-
croscopy, Selective area electron diffraction analysis,
Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy. Procedures.
PB83-261669 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle ParK, NC.
Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipitation
for the Texas Instruments Programmable 59 Cal-
culator. Final rept Jul-Dec 81,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
M. G. Faulkner, and J. R. McDonald. Sep 83,132p
SORI-EAS-81-232,4100-16, EPA-600/7-83-050
Contract EPA-68-02-2683
SeealsoPB-284614.
The report describes a version of EPA's electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) model suitable for use on a Texas
instruments Programmable 59 (TI-59) hand-held cal-
culator. This version of the model allows the calcula-
tion of ESP collection efficiency, including corrections
for non-ideal effects and rapping reentrainment in five
size bands. Program input data and the individual and
total collection efficiencies are printed on a Tl Thermal
Printer. This model is described in detail, including pro-
gram steps for its use. This version and the full-scale
model are compared.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Mathematical models, Computer
programming, Performance evaluation, Computer pro-
trams, Calculators, Texas instruments programmable
9 calculators.
PB83-261677 PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MM.
Adsorption and Desorptlon of Hexachlorobl-
phenyl. A. Experimental Results and Discussions.
B. Analysis of Exchangeable and Nonexchangea-
ble Components,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
Dominic M. Di Toro, Lewis M. Horzempa, and Maureen
C. Casey. Sep 83,322p EPA-600/3-83-088
Grants EPA-R-805229, EPA-R-807853
The purpose of this report is to present the experimen-
tal and theoretical results that lead to the development
model for the analysis of adsorption and descrption of
hexachlorobiphenyl from suspended and segmented
particles. The reversibility of the adsorption reaction
between dissolved organic chemicals and naturally oc-
curring soils, sediments, and suspended particles is of
fundamental importance in the understanding of the
fate of these chemicals in the environment. The issue
of reversibility becomes critical if the adsorption-de-
sorptipn behavior of a chemical is to be expressed
quantitatively within the framework of mass balance
equations.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water pollution,
'Sediments, Chlorine organic compounds, Adsorption,
Desorption, Great Lakes, Isotherms, Equilibrium, Sites,
•Biphenyl/hexachloro, 'Path of pollutants, 'Sediment-
water interfaces, Chlorinated biphenyls, Water polu-
tion sampling, Mass balance, Numerical solution.
PB83-261685 PCA04/MFA01
Prediction of Ecological Effects of Toxic Chemi-
cals: Overall Strategy and Theoretical Basis for
the Ecosystem Model. Final rept. Nov 80-Jun 83,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Hay R. Lassiter, and James L Coo ley. Sep 83,66p
EPA-600/3-83-084
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Inst. of Ecology.
A strategy is developed for modeling ecosystems to
permit assessment of effects of toxic chemicals on
element cycling and other ecosystem processes. The
strategy includes use of multi-species representations
of biotic communities and mathematical descriptions
of the processes that are important in aquatic ecosys-
tems. Direct effects of toxicants are assigned to the
species comprising the biotic community in a manner
suggested by available toxicological information. Ef-
fects are calculated as the difference between select-
ed measures of processes from unaffected systems
and systems affected by the presence of a toxic chem-
ical.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Ecology, 'Marine biology,
'Water pollution, Assessments, Hazardous materials,
Mathematical models, Organic compounds, Theo-
rems, Metabolism, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals,
Biosynthesis, Populations, Mortality, Response, 'Eco-
systems.
PB83-261693 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Annotated Bibliography of Environmental Re-
search Conducted Within the St. Louis River Estu-
ary 1903-1982,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Philip DeVore. Jan 83,72p EPA-600/3-83-092
Grant EPA-R-807482
This annotated bibliography reviews manuscripts and
publications for content, not for results. It is thus in-
tended as a tool for individuals attempting to locate
specific types of studies conducted within the St. Louis
River estuary. Each review includes the study dates,
specific analyses conducted, and the location within
the estuary. All reviews are indexed by subject class-
es: benthos, birds, fish, fish contaminants, microbiolo-
gy, physical processes, phytoplankton, sediment
chemistry, vegetation, water quality, and zooplankton.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Marine biology, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Saint Louis River Estuary, 'Bibliographies, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Benthos, Sites, Birds, Fishes,
Microbiology, Sediments, Particle size, Water chemis-
try, Plankton, Vegetation, Insecticides, Lake Superior,
Organic loading, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB83-261701 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Survey of the Benihic Invertebrates Collected
from the United States 2800 Meter Radioactive
Waste Disposal Site in the Atlantic Ocean. Final
rept,
California State Univ., Long Beach. Dept. of Biology.
Donald J. Reish. Jun 83,61p EPA/520/1-82-003
Revision of report dated December 1981.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the
benthic fauna present in and near the vicinity of the
United States Atlantic deepwater radioactive waste
disposal site. Emphasis was placed on the polychae-
tous annelids because of their abundance and their
role in the movement of sediments. In addition, the fo-
raminifera were identified, counted, and the percent of
aberrant forms recorded. The role of the benthic fauna
to other forms of animal life, especially fish, as it re-
lates to possible contamination from the radioactive
waste material was determined and described.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
North Atlantic Ocean, Coasts, Sampling, Deep water,
Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Abun-
dance, Size determination, Nematoda, Worms, Sedi-
ments, Life cycles, "Radioactive waste disposal,
'Ocean waste disposal, 'Marine disposal, Low-level
radioactive wastes, Bioturbation.
PBS3-261719 PC A22/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Irrigation Return Row Water Quality Monitoring,
Modeling and Variability In the Middle Rio Grande
Valley, New Mexico. Final rept.,
New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro.
L. W. Gelhar, P. J. Wierenga, K. R. Rehfeldt, C. J.
Duffy, and M. J. Simonett. Sep 83,516p EPA-600/2-
83-072
Grant EPA-R-806092
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico State Univ.,
Las Cruces. Dept. of Agronomy.
A 250-acre (100 hectare) irrigated farm in the middle
Rio Grande valley at San Acacia, New Mexico, was in-
tensively monitored for the five year period from 1977
through 1982. During that time there was no statistical-
ly significant change in the total dissolved solids con-
centration in the shallow groundwater underlying the
site. Upwelling of water from a deep, high-salinity re-
gional aquifer is the probable source of a majority of
the salinity observed in the drains. A significant in-
crease in nitrate concentration in the drains and shal-
low groundwater was observed as portions of the farm
were converted from alfalfa to corn. Analyses of exten-
sive, systematic measurements of the spatial variabili-
ty of chemical and physical parameters gave spatial
correlation scales on the order of 10 meters in the hori-
zontal direction and less than 1 meter in the vertical.
Major weekly chemical variations were observed in the
irrigation water, groundwater, and drains. Two comput-
er-based models were used to simulate the flow and
water quality behavior. A two-cell lumped parameter
model adequately simulated the average monthly drain
water chloride concentration.
Keywords: 'Salinity, 'Irrigation, 'Water pollution, "Rio
Grande Valley, Subsurface drainage, Ground water,
Monitoring, Mathematical models, Fluid flow, Corn
plants, Inorganic nitrates, Chlorides,
Concentration(Composition), New Mexico, 'Irrigation
efficiency, Return flow.
PB83-261727 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles In
Los Angeles. Final rept,
Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc., Westminis-
ter, CA.
Robert A. Cassidy, and Linda S. Kingston. Sep 81,70p
EPA/460/3-81-018
Contract EPA-68-03-3023
See also PB83-124669.
This report presents and summarizes exhaust emis-
sions test data and other related information obtained
in the testing and inspection of in-use passenger cars.
The test fleet consisted of 1978-81 automobiles and
trucks. The test vehicles were obtained randomly from
private owners in the Los Angeles and Orange County
areas. Each vehicle was tested as received, for ex-
haust emissions utilizing the 1975 Federal Test Proce-
dure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET) and four
short mode tests. One hundred twenty-five 1980-81
vehicles received an evaporative emission test using
the sealed housing evaporate determination (SHED)
technique. Twenty-two of the 292 vehicles received re-
storative maintenance repairs and additional testing.
Four 1981 vehicles were specially selected throttle
body injection vehicle (T3I) which received a baseline
emission test and four (4) additional disablement Cold
Start test sequences.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Motor
vehicles, 'Light duty vehicles, Los Angeles(California),
Orange CountyfCalifornia), Baseline measurements.
PBS3-261735 PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phytoplankton Composition and Distribution In
Saginaw Bay,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
E. F, Stormer, and E. Theriot. Sep 83,211 p EPA-600/
3-83-090
Grant EPA-R-807450
This summarizes studies conducted during 1980 to
assess the effects of reductions in phosphorus loading
to Saginaw Bay on phytoplankton in the bay and the
adjacent waters of Lake Huron. Quantitative estimates
of phytoplankton abundance were developed from an
array of stations sampled during the ice-free season.
Distribution and abundance of major species and mul-
tivariate statistical representations of associations
were compared to similar data collected during 1974,
prior to phosphorus loading reductions. Results show
a substantial reduction in the abundance and range of
distribution of eutrophication tolerant and potentially
nuisance-producing phytoplankton populations in
Saginaw Bay and reduced export of such populations
to the main Lake Huron system.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Phytoptankton, 'Saginaw
Bay, 'Water pollution, Environmental impacts, Abun-
dance, Distribution(Property), Populations,
Tolerances(Physiology), Statistical analysis, Lake
Huron, Graphs(Charts), 'Organic loading, Eutrophica-
tion.
1540 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB83-281768 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemistry, Phy»lc», and Optical Properties of
Plumes and Background Air In the Southwest
United States. Interim rept. 4 May 79-1 Nov 81,
Sonoma Technology, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.
D. L. Blumenthal, L. W. Richards, E. S. Macias, R. W.
Bergstrom, and P. S. Bhardwa|a. Sep 83,77p EPA-
600/3-83-085
Contract EPA-68-02-3225
Prepared in cooperation with Meteorology Research,
Inc., Santa Rosa, CA., Washington Univ., St. Louis,
MO. Dept. of Chemistry, and Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, CA.
VISTTA (Visibility Impairment due to SuHur Transport
and Transformation in the Atmosphere) is a coopera-
tive program involving numerous government agen-
cies, private companies, and universities and is jointly
sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and Salt River Project. During the summer and
winter of 1979, plume measurement programs were
conducted near the Navajo Generating Station (NGS),
at Page, Arizona. Results indicated that: (1) For the
NGS plume, under most lighting and viewing condi-
tions. N02 dominates the blue light extinction and
brown coloration due to the plume. (2) Widespread
areas of elevated aerosol concentrations were docu-
mented In the Southwest due to long range transport
from the Southern California area and wildfires. Other
causes of regional haze are known to exist but were
not documented in this atudy. (3) Evaluation of the
chemistry, aerosol growth, and optics components of
the PLUVUE plume visibility model showed predictions
to be in reasonable agreement with the measure-
ments. More uncertainty was encountered with the dif-
fusion component. A set of nine reactions among NO,
NO2, 03, S02, OH, H20, and 0('D) was found to ade-
quately simulate the plume chemistry for the clean dry
background conditions at NGS.
Keywords: *Plumes, 'Air pollution, Aerosols, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Oxygen,
Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Optical
properties, Sources, Particle size distribution, Visibility,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Sulfur dioxide,
Water, Haze, *VISTTA project, *Air pollution sampling,
•Navajo Generating Station, Page(Arizona), South-
west Region(United States), Hydroxyl radical.
PB83-262063 PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Multimedia Environmental Assessment of Electric
Submerged Arc Furnaces Producing Ferroalloys.
Final rept. May 80-Dec 81,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. Westbrook. Sep 83, 265p EPA-600/2-83-092
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
The report gives results of sampling and analysis at
five ferroalloy plants to determine the amounts of par-
ticulates and organics generated during manufacture
of several products, the effect of furnace type on the
amounts generated, and the amounts of these materi-
als escaping to the environment. Samples were also
taken of the influent to and effluent from two plant
wastewater treatment systems and groundwater sam-
ples around the waste disposal area of one plant. More
organics are emitted to the atmosphere than particu-
lates. Open furnaces emit as much as or more organ-
ics to the atmosphere than do semi-enclosed furnaces
(kg/MW-hr basis).
Keywords: 'Electric arc furnaces, 'Iron alloys, 'Air pol-
lution control equipment, 'Environmental surveys,
Solid waste disposal, Comparison, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Water pollution, Sites, Dust, Tables(Oata),
Concentratlon(Composltion), Scrubbers, Ferrosilicon,
Ferromanganese, Assessments, Inorganic com-
pounds, Particles, Standards, Organic compounds.
'EPA method 5, 'New Source Performance Stand-
ards, 'Air pollution sampling, Baghouaes,
Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzopyrenes.
PB83-262071 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Emissions and Fuel Economy
of In-Use Diesel Automobiles,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Richard E. Gibbs, James D. Hyde, Robert A. Whitby,
and Delip R. Choudhury. Sep 83,188p EPA-600/3-83-
087
Grant /EPA-R-805934
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Health, Albany.
Exhaust emissions from twenty 1977-1980 in-use light-
duty diesel vehicles were measured to determine the
effects of driving cycle, mileage accumulation, and test
conditions. Hydrocarbons, CO, CO2, NOx and particu-
lates were measured for the FTP, HFET, CFDS,
NYCC, 50 mph cruise (50C) and Idle cycles. Paniculate
extract was tested for mutagenicity by the Ames
method. Selected composite extracts were chemically
analyzed and bioassayed. Emissions (g/rni) and fuel
consumption generally increased in order 50C <
HFET < CFDS < FTP < NYCC. A new method for
real-time particulate measurement is described using a
Tapered Element Oscillating Mlcrobalance (TEOM).
Bulk extract samples were fractionated and analyzed
by GC, GC/MS and HPLC/UV. The acidic fraction had
the highest specific activity, but most total activity was
in the neutral fraction which contained fluorenones
and oxy-PAH's.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Particles, Mutagens, Bioassay, Chemical anal-
ysis, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Diesel engine exhaust,
'Fuel economy, 'Air pollution detection, Ames test.
PB83-262212 PC A06/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emission Trends Report,
1981. Annual rept. 1975-81,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
William F. Hunt, Jr., Robert E. Neligan, Thomas C.
Curran, Neil H. Frank, and Robert B. Faoro. Apr 83,
HOpEPA-450/4-83-011
See also PB-279 007. Prepared in cooperation with
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1975 through 1981 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Both long and short-term
trends in each of the major pollutants are examined
and, where appropriate, specific Statewide air quality
trends. Air quality trends are also presented for both
the National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and other
site categories. In addition to ambient air quality,
trends are also presented for annual nationwide emis-
sions. These emissions are estimated using the best
available engineering calculations; the ambient levels
presented are averages of direct measurement. This
report introduces a new section, Air Quality Levels in
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). Its
purpose is to provide interested members of the air
pollution control community, the private sector and the
general public with greatly simplified air pollution infor-
mation. Air quality statistics are presented for each of
the pollutants for all SMSA's with populations exceed-
ing 500,000 for the years 1979,1980 and 1981.
Keywords: *Air pollution, National government,
Trends, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen di-
oxide, Ozone, Lead(Metal),
Concentration(Composition), 'Air quality, Air quality
control regions. Total suspended particulates.
PB83-262345 PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Regulatory Impact Analytic for New Chemical Re-
porting Alternative! under Section 5 of T8CA
(Toxic Substances Control Act). Final rept.,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Robert C. Dresser, Stuart L. Frlbush, and William M.
Mendez. May 83,379p EPA-560/4-83-002
Contract EPA-88-01 -6287
This report presents the results of analysis of various
Information reporting alternatives for the Premanufac-
ture Notification (PMN) process under section 5 of
TSCA. The PMN process is the method by which the
Office of Toxic Substances of EPA reviews data sub-
mitted by manufacturers and Importers of new chemi-
cals. The data must be submitted to EPA for review at
least 90 days prior to when actual manufacturing or
import begins. The analysis shows that the private
costs of the rule range from $5 million to $13 million
annually and that Agency PMN review costs are about
$7 million per year. Although the data are incomplete,
adverse chemical innovation effects associated with
the PMN rule are not believed to be large. The PMN
process conducted under the final rule is expected to
maintain the Agency's effectiveness in preventing ad-
verse human health effects.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Regulations, Sub-
stitutes, Economic analysis, Public health, Compari-
son, Toxiclty, Exposure, 'Toxic Substances Control
Act, 'Premanufacture notification.
PB83-282386 PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC,
Atlantic 3800-Meter Radioactive Waste Disposal
Site Survey (1978): Sedimentary, Mlcromorphoto-
glc and Geophysical Analyses. Final rept.,
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades,
NY.
David H. Hanselman, and William B. F. Ryan. Jun 83,
4SpEPA-520/1-83-017
Contract EPA-68-01-4836
Color illustrations reproduced In black and white.
During the period of 22-28 July, 1978, five dives were
made in the manned submersible ALVIN into the At-
lantic Ocean 3800 meter depth radioactive waste dis-
posal site located in the Hudson Canyon channel ap-
proximately 320 kilometers from the Maryland-Dela-
ware coast. A geological description of the site was
made by direct examination of the bottom topography,
bedrock exposures, sedimentary and erostonal proc-
esses, and sediment cores collected from the dump-
site area. Observations within a depth range of 3985-
3830 meters revealed angular blocks and piles of dis-
placed channel wall rock, boulder and cobble olisto-
llths of Eocene-age chalks derived from higher eleva-
tions on the slope, and bedforma such as ripples and
scour marks which imply the existence of periodic
strong currents. Local benthic fauna were sparse.
Three low-level radioactive waste drums were exam-
ined from the submersible, and one was subsequently
recovered for corrosion, and concrete deterioration
analyses. Photographic and visual evidence suggest
that downslope transport of objects such as talus
blocks, olistoliths, and radioactive waste drums has
occurred in this area.
Keywords: Ocean bottom, Atlantic Ocean, Hudson
Canyon, Marine geology, Site surveys, Sedimentation,
Erosion, Drums(Containers), Corrosion, Deterioration,
Maryland, Delaware, 'Radioactive waste disposal,
•Marine disposal, Low-level radioactive wastes, Sea
bed.
PB83-262550 PC A99/MF A01
Biological Effects of Radlofrequency Radiation:
Review Draft Parts 1,2, and 3,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Daniel F. Cahill, and Joe A. Elder. Jun 83,611p EPA-
600/8-83-026A
The document presents a critical and comprehensive
review of the available literature on the biological ef-
fects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation through 1980.
The objective is to determine whether the existing data
base can contribute to the formulation of RF-radiation
exposure guidance for the general public.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Electromagnetic fields,
Radio frequencies, Data bases, Public health, Doslme-
try, Body temperature, Exposure, Thermoregulatton,
Physiological effects, 'Biological effects, Literature
surveys.
PB»3-2«M26 PC A02/MF A01
Toxle Subetancea Control Act (T8CA) Report to
Congreaa for Flecal Year 1902. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jan 83,22p EPA-560/1 -83-001
See also PB82-195330.
The report to Congress summarizes progress made by
the Environmental Protection Agency In implementing
Toxic Substances Control Act.
December 1983 1541
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: National government, Implementation, Leg-
islation, Risk, Assessments, 'Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act, Public Law 94-469, 'Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB83-262907 PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
User's Manual for Premlning Planning of Eastern
Surface Coal Mining. Volume 6. Mine Land Plan-
ning. Final rept. Jun 75-Oct 78,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
Michael L Clar, and R. V. Ramani. Sep 83,216p EPA-
600/7-83-051
Grant EPA-R-803882
See also Volume 1, PB-287 086.
This volume is the sixth in a series of six reports de-
signed to provide the surface coal mining industry and
its regulators with a comprehensive review of the best
available methods for extracting coal while protecting
the environment. The six-volume report examines the
surface mining of coal in the Eastern United States
and sets guidelines for developing, evaluating, and se-
lecting mining and reclamation plans that will be the
least detrimental to the environment. The principal ob-
jective of the report is to examine and evaluate the var-
ious factors and considerations associated with con-
siderations into a comprehensive guide for use by
mine planners and managers. The report has three
major sections. The first of these is a brief introduction
to the overall mine land planning process. The second
examines the major cultural and natural factors that
determine land use suitability. The third provides a
practical review of the important planning consider-
ations and requirements associated with the major
land use types.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Coal mining, 'Land jse,
'Environmental impacts, Guidelines, Land reclama-
tion, Sites, Regulations, Soils, Water quality, 'Land
management, Forest management, Residental areas,
Eastern Region(United States).
PB83-262915 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Rapid Screening Technique for Detection of As-
bestos Fibers In Water Samples. Final rept. Oct 78-
Sep81,
Ontario Research Foundation, Mississauga.
E. J. Chatfield, and P. Riis. Sep 83,86p EPA-600/4-83-
041
Contract EPA-68-03-2717
A rapid screening method is presented that will allow
samples containing less than a pre-defined concentra-
tion of asbestos fibers to be rejected from further anal-
ysis, allowing more detailed transmission electron mi-
croscopy characterization to be confined to those
samples that have high fiber concentrations. Align-
ment of asbestos fibers in magnetic fields, combined
with measurements of the scattered light from the
aligned dispersions, was investigated. A fixed-fiber
alignment method and a dynamic method of fiber
measurement were studied. The dynamic fiber method
proved to be the more sensitive method. Detection
limits of 0.5 million fibers per liter (MFL) and 5 MFL
were achieved for crocidolite and chrysotile, respec-
tively. These detection limits were achieved directly
from the water sample without any preconcentration
steps. The scattered light measurement techniques
were applied to the determination of the fiber concen-
trations in drinking water samples from three sources,
and the results were consistent with those obtained in-
dependently by transmission electron microscopy.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Asbestos, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Fibers, Chemical analysis, Electron microscopy,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Potable water,
X ray diffraction, Magnetic fields, Light scattering, Sol-
vent extraction. Separation, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, 'Water pollution detection, 'Rapid screen-
ing technique.
PB83-263202 PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Materials for Containment of Low-Level Nuclear
Waste In the Deep Ocean. Final rept,
Delaware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of Marine Studies.
Stephen C. Dexter,. Dec 82,57pCMS-C-1-78, EPA/
520/1-82-005
The report discusses the mechanisms of marine corro-
sion of structural and stainless steels, the degradation
mechanisms acting on concrete in a marine environ-
ment, the interaction between metal and concrete
combined as a low-level radioactive waste package
under deep sea conditions, and the effect of environ-
mental parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temper-
ature, and, water velocity on deep sea degrade' on
processes. A concluding discussion presents vai us
improved metal alloys and concrete additives which
may result in greater resistance of a low-level radioac-
tive waste package to deep sea deterioration process-
Keywords: 'Containment, Steels, Concretes, Degra-
dation, Deep waters, Materials, Sea water corrosion,
'Radioactive waste disposal.
PB83-263251 PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for
Photochemical Smog. Part 1. Mechanism Descrip-
tions and Documentation. Rept. for Jul 82-Apr 83,
California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena.
Gregory J. McRae, Joseph A. Leone, and John H.
Seinfeld. Sep 83,172p EPA-600/3-83-086
Documentation on six chemical kinetics mechanisms
that have been developed to describe photochemical
smog formation is provided. The six mechanisms are
(1) the Carbon Bond Mechanism til developed by Sys-
tems Applications, Inc., (2) the surrogate species
mechanism developed by Atkinson, Lloyd and Winges,
(3) the LIRAQ mechanism developed by Penner and
Walton, (4) the generalized species mechanism devel-
oped by McRae and Seinfeld, (5) EPA's Photochemi-
cal Box Model mechanism and (6) the chemical mech-
anism currently used in the Empirical Kinetics Model-
ing Approach (EKMA). This volume (Part I) contains a
description of the mechanisms, including an analysis
of the treatment of the basic chemistry, how to specify
photolysis rate constants and how to determine initial
conditions and reaction rate constants for lumped or-
ganic species.
Keywords: 'Smog, "Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution,
Photochemical reactions, Photolysis, 'Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, EKMA models.
PB83-263327 PC E99
Potential Health and Environmental Hazards of
Uranium Mine Wastes.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jun 83, 791p-in3v
Set includes PB83-263335 through PB83-263350.
No abstract available.
PB83-263335 PC A03/MF A01
Potential Health and Environmental Hazards of
Uranium Mine Wastes. Volume 1. Executive Sum-
mary. Rept. to the Congress (Final).
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
10 Jun 83,29p EPA-520/1 -83-007-VOL-1
See also PB83-263343.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
263327.
Uranium mining operations release some radioactive
materials into both air and water and generate large
quantities of solid wastes containing low levels of ra-
dioactive materials. Solid wastes produced by past
mining operations remain on the surface at many inac-
tive mining sites, and represent a potential health and
environmental hazard similar in concept to uranium
mill tailings. Contamination of surface and subsurface
water supplies also represents a potential problem. To
evaluate these potential problems, the Congress, in
Section 114(c) of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation
Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA), instructed the Admin-
istrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to prepare a report which identifies the location and
potential health, safety, and environmental hazards of
uranium mine wastes together with recommendations,
if any, for a program to eliminate these hazards. This
report analyzes the potential health and environmental
impacts of both active and inactive uranium mines,
lists the locations of these mines, identifies additional
information needs, and recommends needed actions.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Safety, Radiation hazards, 'Uranium
mines, 'Radioactive wastes, 'Health hazards, Low-
level radioactive wastes, Solid wastes, Environmental
transport, Gaseous wastes, Liquid wastes, Public Law
95-604.
PB83-263343 PC A22/MF A01
Potential Health and Environmental Hazards of
Uranium Mine Wastes. Volume 2. Rept. to the Con-
gress.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
10 Jun 83, 505p EPA-520/1 -6-83-007-VOL-2
See also PB83-263335, and PB83-263350.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
263327.
This report was prepared in response to Section
114(c) of Public Law 95-604 dated November 8, 1978
(USC78). This Section of the Law stipulates that, 'Not
later than January 1, 1980, the Administrator, in con-
sultation with the Commission, shall provide to the
Congress a report which identifies the location and po-
tential health, safety, and environmental hazards of
uranium mine wastes together with recommendations,
if any, for a program to eliminate these hazards.' The
purpose of this report is to comply fully with this re-
quest, as accurately and completely as available infor-
mation will permit.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Water pollution,
Air pollution. Safety, Radiation hazards, Mining, Water
quality, 'Uranium mines, 'Radioactive wastes, 'Health
hazards, Low-level radioactive wastes, Solid wastes,
Environmental transport. Gaseous wastes, Liquid
wastes, Public Law 95-604.
PB83-263350 PC A12/MF A01
Potential Health and Environmental Hazards of
Uranium Mine Wastes. Volume 3. Appendixes.
Rept. to the Congress.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
10 Jun 83, 257p EPA-520/1-83-007-VOL-3
See also PB83-263343.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
263327.
Contents:
Summary of federal laws potentially affecting
uranium mining;
Federal water programs and right activities;
Congressionally approved compacts that apportion
water;
State laws, regulations, and guides for uranium
mining;
Active uranium mines in the United States;
Inactive uranium mines in the United States;
General observations of uranium mine sites in
Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming;
Influence of mine drainage on seepage to
groundwater and surface water outflow;
Computation of mass emission factors for wind
erosion;
Aquatic dosimetry and health effects models and
parameter values;
Airborne pathway modeling;
Health risk assessment methodology.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Safety, Radiation hazards. Mining, Regu-
lations, Radiation effects, 'Uranium mines, 'Radioac-
tive wastes, 'Health hazards, Low-level radioactive
wastes, Solid wastes, Environmental transport, Gase-
ous wastes, Liquid wastes, Public Law 95-604.
PB83-263368 PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ground-Water Monitoring Program at Love Canal.
Volume 1. Final Report. Volume 2. Well Logs and
Diagrams,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Charles Kufs, Philip Spooner, G. Thomas Farmer, and
David Twedell. Aug 83, 517p EPA-600/4-83-037
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The report summarizes the ground-water monitoring
program implemented at the Love Canal disposal site
in Niagara Falls, New York. This study, which was part
of a much larger investigation of the site, was aimed at
describing the area's geology and hydrogeology, and
identifying potential barriers to, and routes of, contami-
nant transport. Analyses of the geologic information
collected during the study indicate that swales, sandy
1542 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
zones, and perhaps dehydration cracks in the clays
are potentially important routes of contaminant trans-
port in the overburden. Vertical fractures and bedding
plane separations are potentially important routes in
the bedrock.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Ground water,
"Water pollution, Sites, Geology, Hydrogeolpgy,
Transport properties, Aquifers, "Love Canal, "Monitor-
ing, Niagara Falls(New York)
PB83-263657 PC A07/MF A01
Assessment of Fallout In the United States from
the Atmospheric Nuclear Test by the People'* Re-
public of China on September 17, 1977. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. Michael Smith, David L. Norwood, Ann B. Strong,
and Jon A. Broadway. May 82,133p EPA-520/5-82-
008
The People's Republic of China conducted an atmos-
pheric nuclear weapons test over the Lop Nor testing
area in Southwest China at 3:00 a.m., EOT, on Sep-
tember 17, 1977. Based on past experience, EPA ex-
pected that radioactive fallout from this event might be
measureable but not excessive in the United States.
For several weeks following this event, EOA monitored
for fallout by fully activating the Environmental Radi-
ation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Fallout ra-
dionucUdes on airborne particulates, in precipitation,
and in cow's milk were detectable at many sampling
locations throughout the United States. Maximum indi-
vidual doses for all nuclides detected in air and milk
following the event were calculated for six organs
(bone, liver, thyroid, kidney, lung, and GI-LLI), total
body, and skin. The highest individual dose was for the
(131) l-milk-thyroid pathway. This thyroid dose was a
factor of 4 higher than the maximum lung and bone
doses and about a factor of 20 higher than the other
doses. U.S. population doses of 150,200 man-rem to
the lung, 127,700 man-rem to the thyroid, and 107,600
man-rem to the bone were calculated. The population
doses calculated for the other organs and lor total
body and skin were from one-fourth to one tenth of the
above doses. The calculated total body population
dose was 17.200 man-rem.
Keywords: "Fallout, "Radiation effects, Nuclear weap-
ons, China, Sampling, Milk, United States,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Radioactivity, Iodine 131,
Radiation monitoring, Radionuclide migration, Atmos-
pheric effects, Dose rates.
PB83-263665 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxlclty and Metabolism Studies with EPA (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Priority Pollutants
and Related Chemicals In Freshwater Organism*,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
Daniel J. Call, Larry T. Brooke, Nasim Ahmad, and
Joseph E. Richter. Sep 83,134p EPA-800/3-83-095
Grants EPA-R-806196, EPA-R-800200
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency Grant EPA-R-806864.
Twenty-two chemicals from the EPA priority pollutant
list wero studied for their acute and/or chronic toxicity
to selected freshwater organisms. Freshwater species
tested included the fathead minnow (Pimephales pro-
melas), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), bluegill sunfish
(Lepomis macrochirus), flaqfTsh (Jordanella floridae),
water flea (Daphnia magna), scud (Gammarus pseu-
dolimnaeus), midge (Tanytarsus dissimilis), and green
alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). A comparison was
made of the metabolism and binding of carbon tetra-
chloride, chloroform, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1.1,2-trich-
loroethylene and monochlprobenzene by microsomal
fractions of rainbow trout livers and of daphnid whole
bodies.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chemical compounds, Me-
tabolism, Bioassay, Fresh water fishes, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Chloroethanes, Chlorobenzenes, In
vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Chloroform, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Chlorobutadienes, Heptachlor, Chlordan,
Cyanides, Methyl alcohol, Comparison, Fathead
minnow, Rainbow trout, Bluegill sunfish, Flagfish,
Water flea, Ethylene/trichloro, Formamide/dimethyl,
Scud, Green algae, Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-ester),
Phenol/pentachloro, Toxaphene.
PB83-263681 PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxlclty, Bloconcentratlon, and Metabolism of
Five Herbicides In Freshwater Fish,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
Daniel J. Call, Larry T. Brooke, and Raymond J. Kent.
Sep 83,113p EPA-600/3-83-096
Grants EPA-R-806196, EPA-R-80020010
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency Grant EPA-R-806864.
Acute and early life-stage toxicities were determined
for the herbicides alachtor, bromacil, dinoseb, diuron,
and propanil with the fathead minnow (Pimephales
promelas). Uptake, bioconcentration potential, and
elimination of HC-labeled herbicides were studied in
the same species. In vivo metabolism of radiolabeled
herbicides was determined with rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) and fathead minnows as test organisms. In
vitro metabolism was studied with rainbow trout liver
homogenates.
Keywords: "Tpxicology, "Herbicides, Bioassay, In vivo
analysis, In vitro analysis, Metabolism, Fresh water
fishes, Lake Superior, Water pollution, "Bioaccumula-
tion, Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, Rain-
bow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Dinoseb, Diuron, Propanil,
Alachlor, Bromacil.
PB83-263699 PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluating Swine Drylot Runoff Impact on a
Coastal Plain Stream. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Biologi-
cal and Agricultural Engineering.
James C. Barker, Frank J. Humenik, Michael R.
Overcash, and Steve W. Tedder. Sep 83,103p EPA-
600/2-83-079
Contract EPA-R-804608
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Dept. of
Natural Resources and Community Development.
The objectives of this study were to establish sampling
methodologies for intensive monitoring of the environ-
mental impact of animal feedlot runoff on in-stream
water quality and to determine changes in stream
water quality as a result of rainfall runoff from swine
drylots on deep sands. The drylot studied annually
markets approximately 4000 hogs on dirt lots with
deep sandy soils and typifies physical and manage-
ment factors common to Coastal Plain Swine produc-
tion. Field results indicated that approximately 2% of
the nutrient and organic load of the defecated swine
wastes were transported from the sandy drylot surface
in rainfall runoff. The constituent levels of this lot runoff
were further reduced 20-to-fold by swamp and vegeta-
tive buffer filtering action prior to stream input.
Keywords: 'Agricultural wastes, Runoff, "Water pollu-
tion, "Streams, Monitoring, Swine, Rainfall intensity,
Sands, Environmental impacts, Coasts, Field Tests,
'Feedlot wastes.
PB83-263723 PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Industrial Flare*:
Background - Experimental Design - Facility. Rept.
on Phase 1 and 2. Oct 80-Jan 82,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
D. Joseph, J. Lee, C. McKinnon, R. Payne, and J. Pohl.
Aug 83.287p* EPA-600/2-83-070
Contract EPA-68-02-3661
The report summarizes the technical literature on the
use of industrial flares and reviews available emission
estimates. Technical critiques of past flare efficiency
studies are provided. Mathematical models of flame
behavior are explored and recommendations for flare
flame models are made. The parameters affecting
flare efficiency are evaluated, and a detailed experi-
mental test plan is developed. The design of a flare
test facility is provided, including details on the flare
tips, fuel and steam supplies, flow control and meas-
urement, emissions sampling and analysis, and data
acquisition and processing.
Keywords: 'Flares, 'Industrial plants, 'Waste dispos-
al, Mathematical models, Petroleum products, Blast
furnaces, Chemical industry, Coking, Soot, Samp
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, "Polli
control.
PB83-263780 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Copper Forming Industry.
Final rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Jul 83,127p EPA-440/2-83-006
Contract EPA-68-02-6348
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgat-
ed effluent limitations and standards for the copper
forming industry in August 1983. This report provides
analysis of the economic impacts of pollution control
costs for the industry. The economic impacts are
measured in terms of price changes, production
changes, plant closures, employment effects and bal-
ance-of-trade effects. To assess these impacts, plant-
specific compliance costs and financial data for a rep-
resentative sample of copper formers were used. The
methodology included analysis of the industry struc-
ture and performance, prices, demand and supply of
copper products, capital availability, and plant clo-
sures. The results were extrapolated to include all
copper forming plants that discharge wastewater. No
plant closures or job losses are projected as a result of
the compliance costs for this regulation. Changes in
price would be very small because of the demand and
supply elasticities for copper forming products. No
measurable balance of trade effect is expected.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Effluents, 'Metal in-
dustry, Copper, Standards, Industrial plants, Waste
water, Treatment.
PB83-263806 PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Brominatlon Process for Disposal of Spilled Haz-
ardous Materials. Final rept., Jan 78-Jun 81,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Energy Sys-
tems Group.
A. J. Darnell. Sep 83,64p 600/2-83-091
Contract /EPA-68-03-2493
A novel process was tested for oxidizing organic mate-
rials, and wastes including the so-called 'refractories'
and pesticides. Bromine and water reacted with such
materials at 250 to 300C to chiefly form CO2 and
aqueous HBr. The HBr solution was electrolyzed at
ambient conditions, in a membraneless cell, to
produce hydrogen and to regenerate bromine for recy-
cling.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Brqmination, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Oxidation, Organic compounds,
Pesticides, Refractories, Electrolysis, 'Chemical spills,
Waste recycling.
PB83-263848 PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Disinfection Proceedings
of the Second National Symposium, Orlando, Flor-
ida on January 26-28,1982,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. D. Venosa, and E. W. Akin. Jul 83,388p EPA-600/9-
83-009
The USEPA's Municipal Environmental Research Lab-
oratory and Health Effects Research Laboratory, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio sponsored a National Symposium on Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Disinfection in Orlando, Florida,
January 26-28,1982. The Symposium brought togeth-
er scientists, engineers, and federal, state and local
government officials for an exchange of information on
health, technological and design/O&M considerations
of wastewater disinfection. The conference was begun
with philosophical pro and con papers on the need for
wastewater disinfection. These thought provoking
papers set the stage for the technical sessions that fol-
lowed. The last paper was a summary of the confer-
ence with personal observations of a person long
active in the water health field.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Meetings, 'Disinfec-
tion, Chlorination, Public hearth. Technology, Patholo-
gy, Viruses. Dosage, Risk, Microorganisms, Epidemiol-
ogy, Ultraviolet radiation, Ozonation. Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Recreational facilitfes.
PB83-264077 PCA04/MFA01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
December 1983 1543
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of the Mutagenlclty of Municipal
Sewage Sludge,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for Environ-
mental Studies.
Philip K. Hopke, and Michael J. Plewa. Sep 83, 75p
EPA-600/1-83-016
Grant EPA-R-807009
Samples of five municipal sewage sludges from Illinois
cities have been subjected to a multiorganism testing
program to determine the presence or absence of mu-
tagenic activity. Chicago sludge has been the most ex-
tensively tested using the Samnonella/microsomal ac-
tivation assay, the micronucleus test Tradescantia, the
wx locus assay in Z. mays, and sister chromatld ex-
change Induction in human lymphocytes. Mutagenic
activity has been observed in the sludges from Chica-
go and Sauget, Illinois. Sludges from primarily domes-
tic sewage do not apparently contain mutagens.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Sludge, Illinois,
Urban areas, Municipalities, Salmonella, Mutagens,
"Mutagenesis, Chicago(lllinols), 'Sewage sludge.
PB83-264184 PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Air Pollution EmlMloni from Molybde-
num Roasting.
Molycorp, Inc., Washington, PA.
Sep 83,353p-ln 3v
Set includes PB83-264192 through PB83-264218.
No abstract available.
PB83-264192 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Air Emlaalona from Molybdenum
Roasting. Volume 1. Emlaalona Characterization
and Particulate Control. Final rept.,
Molycorp, Inc., Washington, PA.
N. Henri Masarky, Klaus Schwitzgebel, and C. Dean
Wolbach. Sep 83,99p EPA-600/2-83-093a
Contract EPA-68-03-2646
See also PB83-264200. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
264184.
The primary objective of this project was to evaluate a
baghouse employing Teflon coated fabric bags for par-
ticulate recovery and control. This system was of great
interest because of the corrosion resistance of Teflon
coated fabric filters and this unique application in the
nonferrous metals industry. The Molycorp, Inc. oper-
ates the plant at its facility in Washington, Pennsylva-
nia. The plant consists of two multi-level hearth fur-
naces, a high temperature baghouse and a water
quench scrubber. Molybdenum disulfide is oxidized to
molybdenum trioxide product and sulfur dioxide.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Roasting,
•Molybdenum disulfide, "Particles, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Smelting, Scrubbers, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Air filters, Baghouses,
Fabric filters.
PB83-264200 PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
Control of Air Pollution Emissions from Molybde-
num Roaetlng. Volume 2. Alternatives for Control
of Weak Sulfur Dioxide Emissions. Final rept.,
Molycorp, Inc., Washington, PA.
N. Henri Masarky, R. D. Delleney, K. Schwitzgebel, T.
P. Nelson, and H. L. Glover. Sep 83,123p EPA-600/2-
83-093b
Contract EPA-68-03-2646
See also PB83-264192 and PB83-264218. Prepared In
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
264184.
This report covers the second phase of a three phase
effort evaluating (1) characterization of paniculate
control of a molybdenum sulfide roasters, (2) assess-
ment of sulfur dioxide abatement alternatives for non-
ferrous smelting and, in particular, for molybdenum
roasting, and (3) pilot testing of the magnesia slurry
process for sulfur dioxide control. It describes the re-
sults of a survey and evaluation of selected sulfur diox-
ide abatement alternatives applicable to molybdenum
sulfide roasting. These processes include: Limestone
FGD, dual alkali, magnesium oxide, Wellman-Lord,
sulf-X, CIBA-GEIGY nitrosyl-sulfuric acid process,
CIBA-GEIGY S02 sorption-steam stripping, process,
endako, chiyoda thoroughbred 121, U.S. Bureau of
Mines citrate, sodium carbonate throwaway, and dowa
basic aluminum sulfate.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Roasting,
"Sulfur dioxide, "Particles, "Molybdenum sulfides,
Smelting, Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Scrubbers, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Magnesium oxide scrubbing, Limestone scrub-
bing. Flue gas desulfurization, CIBA GEIGY nitrosyl
sulfuric acid process, CIBA GEIGY SO2 sorptlon
steam stripping process, Citrate process, Dual alkali
scrubbing, Wellman process.
PB83-264218 PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Air Pollution Emissions from Molybde-
num Roasting. Volume 3. Pilot Scale Test Results
for Magnesium Oxide Scrubbing. Final rept.,
Molycorp, Inc., Washington, PA.
N. Henri Masarky, and I M. Burke. Sep 83,131p EPA-
600/2-83-093C
Contract EPA-68-03-2646
See also PB83-264200. Prepared In cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB83-
264184.
A research project was conducted to determine the
feasibility of applying the magnesium oxide (MgO)
scrubbing system to smelter off-gas streams contain-
ing approximately one percent SO2. Pilot scale (4000
cu Nm/hr) tests of the MgO system using a packed
tower absorber with no regeneration of the MgO solids
were conducted at Molycorp, Inc.'s molybdenum
roaster. During the test program, process parameters
were varied to observe their effect on S02 removal,
and data collected were correlated in a design equa-
tion.
Keywords: "Airpollutlon control equipment, "Roasting,
•Scrubbers, "Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Smelting, Feasibility, "Magnesium
oxide scrubbing.
PB83-264226 PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Distribution of Submersed Vascular Plants,
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Final rept. 1 Jun 78-31
Jan 80,
American Univ., Washington. DC.
Richard R. Anderson, and Robert T. Macomber. Jun
80,131p EPA-600/8-80-039,, EPA/CBP-TR-002S
GrantEPA-R-805977
Prepared in cooperation with Earth Satellite Corp., Be-
thesda, MD., and AeroEco, Reston. VA.Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
This research attempts to determine past and current
(1978) distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation In
(SAV) in Chesapeake Bay Maryland and to formulate
recommendations for future surveys. Current distribu-
tion of SAV was determined through interpretation of
black and white aerial photographs, field work in se-
lected areas was conducted through use of seaplane,
distribution of SAV was mapped on 1:24,000 U.S. Geo-
logical survey Topographic map. A total of 77 maps
were produced.
Keywords: "Aquatic plants, 'Chesapeake Bay,
Distributlon(Property), Surveys, Photointerpretatlon,
Aerial photographs, Maps, Abundance, Periodic vari-
ations, Maryland, 'Vascular plants.
PB83-264242 PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Ecological Impact of Integrated Chemical and Bi-
ological Aquatic Weed Control,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Inst. of Food and Agricultural
Sciences.
Jerome V. Shlreman, William T. Haller. Douglas E.
Colle. Curtis E. Watklns, III, and Douglas F. DuRant.
Sep 83,240p EPA-600/3-83-098
Grant EPA-R-805497
of
In-
the ecological Impacts of chemical, biological,
tegrated methods of aquatic weed control. Biological
and water quality changes occurred as abundance of
macrophytic vegetation was altered by natural factors
or management practices. Macrophyte abundance
strongly influenced the structure of communities, and it
was concluded that environmental effects of plant
management programs arc determined more by the
amount of vegetation controlled than by management
technique. Also, changes In lake hydrology and rates
of nutrient loading appear to be more Important as de-
terminants of lake water quality than macrophytes. Re-
search needs for evaluation of effects of weed control
on aquatic systems are identified.
Keywords: "Weed control, "Ecology, "Aquatic weeds,
•Water pollution, Hydrology, Lakes, Sampling, Aquatic
plants, Phytoplankton, Aquatic animals, Fishes, Zoo-
plankton, Sites, Ponds, Nutrients, Tables(Data), 'Bio-
control, 'Chemcontrol, 'Water quality, "Water pollu-
tion sampling, Environmental effects, Organic loading.
PB83-264440 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aseeesment of the Adequacy of the Appendix F
Quality Assurance Procedures for Maintaining
CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems)
Data Accuracy (Status Report No. 1). Final rept.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NIC.
Sep 83, BOp EPA-600/4-83-047
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
This report summarizes the first year's audit results of
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) in-
stalled at scrubber-equipped power plants. The audits
were conducted to support a draft quality assurance
appendix for 40 CFR 60 entitled 'Quality Assurance
Procedures for Gas CEMS Used for Compliance'. The
procedures call for a quality performance audit of the
CEMS using certified cylinder gas or reference method
tests. Audit data have been collected for sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, oxygen and carbon dioxide. EDO,
Contraves, Lear Seigler and DuPont CEMS have been
audited, with the results indicating the need for fre-
quent audits with effective corrective action to be
taken when excessive inaccuracies are measured.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Scrubbers, 'Quality assurance, 'Au-
diting, Performance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide. 'Continuous
emission monitoring systems.
PB83-264457 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemistry and Visual Impact of the Plumes from
ths Four Corners Power Plant and San Manuel
Copper Smelter. Interim rept. 4 Apr 79-14 Jan 82,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Judith O. Zwicker, Edward S. Macias, Jerry A.
Anderson, Susanne V. Hering, and James R.
Ouimette. Sep 83,67p EPA-600/3-83-093
Contract EPA-68-02-3225
Prepared in cooperation with California Inst. of Tech.,
Pasadena: California Univ., Los Angeles and Meteorol-
ogy Research, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.
This paper presents a study of the conversion of SO2
to paniculate sulfur in a Western power plant plume
and In a Western copper smelter plume, the impact of
these plumes on visibility, and the relative contribu-
tions of primary and secondary aerosols to this Impact.
In the Four Corners region most of the paniculate
sulfur was in the form of ammonium sulfate during the
sampling period. The data suggest that most but not all
Of the paniculate sulfur In the San Manuel plume and
background was In the form of sulfate.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Haze, 'Plumes, Visibility,
Electric power plants, Smelters, Industrial wastes,
Aerial surveys, Concentration(Compositlon), Combus-
tion products, Aerosols, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfates,
Sulfur dioxide, Sites, Sampling, "VISTTA project,
'Coal fired power plants, "Copper smelters, "Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PBB3-264465 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
1544 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Guidelines tor Monitoring Indoors Air Quality. Re-
search rept.,
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Niren L. Nagda, and Harry E. Rector. Sep 83,256p
EPA-600/4-83-046
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
This document provides guidelines for designing pro-
grams to measure indoor air quality and associated
factors. Brief summaries of past and current research
and descriptions of indoor contaminants provide a
background for developing the monitoring design. Fac-
tors that influence indoor air quality are discussed with
the aid of mass balance models. An extensive review
of measurement systems, including a listing of numer-
ous instruments with their performance specifications,
is presented. Design considerations are discussed for
two types of studies-applied research in indoor air
quality and investigations of building-associated prob-
lems. A systematic approach for developing the design
is also described. In addition, the document presents a
format for data reporting and suggestions on quality
assurance and quality control.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Guidelines, 'Monitors,
Mathematical models, Design criteria, Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Measuring instruments, Substi-
tutes. Performance evaluation. Asbestos, Aerosols,
Carbon monoxide, Organic compounds, Formalde-
hyde, Particles, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Radon,
Sulfur dioxide, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality, 'Air
pollution detection, Mass balance.
PB83-264481 PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Levels of PCB In Great Lakes Fish,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. School of Public Health.
Conrad P. Straub, and J. Michael Sprafka. 1 Jun 82,
70p EPA-600/3-83-094
Grant EPA-R-806282
This report reviews and evaluates previously reported
PCB levels in a variety of fish sampled from various lo-
cations in the Great Lakes. Higher concentrations in
fish appear to be related to near-shore sampling where
higher exposure to bottom sediments occurs to the
flora and fauna comprising the food chains for the spe-
cific fish collected. Highest concentrations of PCBs
were found in lake trout and fat trout taken from Lake
Superior and in fish collected from the lower end of
Lake Michigan. There is a need to identify past and/or
present sources contributing PCB contaminants to the
off-shore areas as well as to identify major sources of
runoff contributing PCBs to the waters of the Great
Lakes system. Additional information as to food-chain
constituents is needed to more readily assess prey-
predator relationships in the various regions of the
system.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Great Lakes, 'Water
pollution, Chlorine organic compounds, Food chains,
Concentration(Composition), Sediments, Runoff, Sam-
pling, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB83-264523 PC A04/MF A01
Thermal Effects on Blueglll Hematology. Final
rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
Sylvia A. Murray. Mar 83, 54p EPA-600/7-83-016
Temperature effects on hematological responses of
adult bluegill were examined for constant vs fluctuating
temperature regimes, for ambient vs high temperature,
and for intake vs discharge at an operating power
plant. Multivariate statistical methods were used to de-
termine temperature effects. An increased erythrocyte
fragility was associated with fluctuating temperature
regimes as well as with the suboptimal temperature
regime. Thrombocytosis with a concomitant leuko-
penia was observed for the higher fluctuating and
higher acclimating temperatures. Reduced erytnrocy-
tic sedimentation rates were observed for the higher
temperatures. Although hematology may vary depend-
ing on fish size, good hematological indicators of po-
tential thermal stress were associated with red blood
cell morphology, particularly cell size and/or shape.
However, in situ hematological responses of bluegill at
an operating power plant were apparently not affected
by the associated thermal gradients.
Keywords: 'Hematology. 'Temperature, Entrainment.
Fishes, Hematology, Responses, Dosage, Electric
power plants, Fresh water, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Bluegills, Monitoring, Thrombocyto-
sis.
PB83-264572 PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry.
Effect of Various Intake Designs on Zooplankton
Entrainment,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
Donald L. Dycus. Mar 83,262p TVA/EP-78/09, EPA-
600/7-83-015
Field studies were conducted at the intakes of three
Tennessee Valley Authority electric power plants to
determine whether intake design is a feasible means
of mitigating effects on zooplankton by minimizing the
quantity entrained. Three intake designs were evaluat-
ed: one with a shallow skimmer wall, one with a deep
skimmer wall, and one with no skimmer wall. Several
studies indicated possible differences between day
and night in the quantity of zooplankton entrained.
None of these studies indicated that the intake designs
studied minimized the quantity of zooplankton en-
trained because the quantities in the intake canals
were similar to the quantities in the source water body.
Keywords: 'Entrainment, 'Zooplankton, 'Intake sys-
tems, 'Ecology, Feasibility, Design, Evaluation, Diurnal
variations, Electric power plants, Nuclear power
plants. Cooling water, Statistical analysis, Biomass,
Sampling, Tables(Oata).
PB83-264598 PC A07/MF A01
Baseline Studies of Fish Blood,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
Sylvia A. Murray. Mar 83,136p EPA-600/7-83-019
The objectives of this work were to develop hematolo-
gical methodologies for fish, determine effects of
stocking density on fish hematology, define, character-
ize, quantify baseline hematological values of adult
bluegill, and provide a selected and annotated bibliog-
raphy of baseline and temperature studies on fish
blood. A survey of the literature indicated that more
studies are needed to determine normal (nonstressed)
blood parameter values for freshwater teleosts. Stand-
ard clinical methods, with some modifications for small
blood samples, are adequate for fish hematological
studies. A density stress syndrome seems to exist for
goldfish, catfish, and bluegill. Blood dyscrasias associ-
ated with density stress include smaller and rounder
red blood cells, hyperglycemis, an increase in albu-
min/protein ratios, and decreased values for hemato-
crit and hemoglobin.
Keywords: 'Blood, "Hematology, 'Fishes, Tempera-
ture, Stress(Physiology), Ecology, Protein, Erythro-
cytes. Glucose, Baseline information. Literature sur-
veys, Bluegills.
PB83-264622 PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Receptor Model Technical Series. Volume 3.
User's Manual for Chemical Mass Balance Model.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Hugh J. Williamson, and Dennis A. DuBose. Jut 83,
235pEPA-450/4-83-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
See also PB82-187337.
In recent years there has been Increasing interest in
source apportionment of ambient aerosof concentra-
tions through chemical mass balance (CUB) analysis.
This report discusses CMB analysis through weighted
least squares with options to include effective variance
and ridge regression features. Effective variances are
refined estimates of the weights employed in weighted
least squares. This report documents an interactive
FORTRAN computer program which performs aerosol
source apportionment through the analysis methods
discussed above. The original version of the program,
which performed weighted least squares with the ef-
fective variance option, was developed at the Oregon
Graduate Center based on the Doctoral Dissertation of
Dr. John Watson. In the current version, a ridge regres-
sion feature was added, along with various modifica-
tions intended to enhance the ease of use of the pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Manuals, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Aerosols, Fortran,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Computer pro-
grams, Computer programming, 'Mass balance, 'User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB83-265249 PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air and Water Programs.
Human Exposure to Atmospheric Concentrations
of Selected Chemicals. Volume 2. Interim rept..
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Gerald E. Anderson. Sep 83,737p SAI/EF81-156R2
See also PB81-193252.
EPA commissioned Systems Application, Inc.(SAI) to
estimate, on a nationwide basis, public exposure to at-
mospheric concentrations of some forty chemicals.
The purpose of the study was to provide EPA with in-
formation that would be helpful for determining which
of the chemicals to study in more detail and in what
order. The emphasis was on estimates that would sup-
port rough relative comparisons among the chemicals.
There was no intent to define, by a scientifically defen-
sible methodology, actual public exposure and actual
ambient air concentrations; the purpose did not war-
rant the very heavy expenditure of funds that would be
needed to cany out such a project. The study made
free use of such techniques as algorithms for estimat-
ing emissions rather than actual emissions data, con-
structed plant locations rather than actual plant loca-
tions, simplified dispersion modeling to estimate ambi-
ent air concentrations, and a constructed 'population'
file that relied on extrapolation of 1970 Bureau of
Census data on where people lived.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Public health, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Information systems.
Dosage, Sources, Chemical properties, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, 'Toxic
substances. Environmental health, Health risks. Point
sources.
PB83-904200 Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1983,4 issues*
Supersedes PB82-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $70.00/year; all others write for quote.
Single copies also available.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished in December 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
ports generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies
and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976.
Access points to this cumulative are by Report Title;
Subject (keyword); Corporate or Personal Author; Con-
tract Number, and Accession/Report Number. Begin-
ning in March 1977, quarterly update supplements
were published listing and indexing EPA technical re-
ports and journal articles entered into the NTIS collec-
tion during the preceding quarter. An additional index
titled Sponsoring EPA Office was included as well. The
fourth issue of the year contains bibliographic citations
with abstracts for the preceding quarter and cumula-
tive indexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Waste disposal,
Water supply, Land use, Public health. Authors. Tech-
nical reports, Agriculture, Industrial wastes, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Pesticides, Oil pollu-
tion. Radiation, Regulations, Standards, 'Environmen-
tal protection, Air quality maintenance. Standards
compliance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
erfects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials), Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB83-911600 Subscription
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Pee-
ttdde Label Hie.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1983.1 issue and 2 updates EPA-540/9-B3-003
Supersedes PB82-911600. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (8th Edi-
tion).
December 1983 1545
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $275.00/year; all others write for
quote.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Documentation, Microfilm,
Labels, Information, Indexes(Documentation), Photo-
graphs, 'Consumer products. Updating.
PB83-911601 MFS40.00
Pesticide Label File Update. Rept. for 1982-Apr 83.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 83, 157p EPA-540/9-83-004
Supersedes PB82-911601.
Microfiche copies only.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels
stamped with date of acceptance, plus updated index
to entire compact or pesticide label file. The index
covers not only labels accepted by EPA, but some of
the labels still in use from the Department of Agricul-
ture under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Ro-
denticide Act of 1947, when the function was trans-
ferred to EPA.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Documentation, 'Labels,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Rodenticides,
Herbicides, Businesses, Safety, Dosage. Consumer
products, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cideAct.
PB83-921900 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche, Sets
A and B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 83,1760pEPA-540/9-83-002
Supersedes PB82-921900. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (8th Edi-
tion).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$150.00/year; all others write for quote.
Since 1970, when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. Set A contains product manager assign-
ments, pesticide products, numerically and alphabeti-
cally, pesticide companies listed alphabetically and nu-
merically, chemical cross reference file alphabetically
and numerically, tolerance file by chemical and com-
modity, chemical/registration number, and pesticide
label data. Set B contains 24c applications by state,
chemical/site/pest/24c permit number and chemical
index, the site/pest/chemical/registration and chemi-
cal/site/pest/registration number sets. These sets
have options for the site specificity for access, called
supra qualified sites, for each subset, such as herbi-
cides, insecticides, disinfectants, etc., for ease in re-
trieval. Set 6 cannot be used without Set A and its nu-
merical codes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Regulations,
Industries, Permits, Sites, Herbicides, Insecticides,
Microfilm, Labels, Consumer products.
PB83-922000 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche, Set
A>
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1983, 78p EPA-540/9-83-001
Supersedes PB82-922000. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (8th Edi-
tion).
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$40.00/year; all others write for quote. Also available
with Set B as PB83-921900.
Since 1970, when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. Set A contains product manager assign-
ments, pesticide products, numerically and alphabeti-
cally, pesticide companies listed numerically and al-
phabetically, chemical cross reference file alphabeti-
cally and numerically, tolerance file by chemical and
commodity, chemical/registration number, and pesti-
cide label data.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Regulations,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Toxic tolerances, Microfilm, Information,
Businesses, Labels, Information, Consumer products.
AD-A032 564/7 PC A11/MF A01
Defense Technology for Environmental Protec-
tion. Volume II. Bibliography. Final rept. Sep 73-Jun
Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Lab Silver
Spring Md
Eldon A. Byrd, O. M. Meredith, and Sherman Gee. Mar
76,245p NSWC/WOL/TR-75-111 -Vol-2, EPA-600/2-
76-068b
See also Volume 1, AD-A024 536.
The report condenses an effort design to identify and
transfer significant technology concerned with air pol-
lution monitoring and control from the Department of
Defense (DOD) to the EPA. Included are technology
profiles of each DOD laboratory involved in particular
work of interest to EPA's Industrial Environmental Re-
search Laboratory-RTP, a bibliography of pertinent
DOD documentation, and a description and assess-
ment of how the study was conducted. (Author)
Keywords: Air pollution, "Technology transfer, Military
research, Bibliographies, Abstracts, Vocabulary, De-
partment of Defense, Monitors, Assessment, Environ-
mental protection. Scientific research, Laboratories,
'Air pollution detection, Environmental Protection
Agency, Project planning, 'Air pollution control.
AD-A036 624/5 PC A19/MF A01
North Atlantic Regional Water Resources Study.
Appendix L. Water Quality and Pollution. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency Washington D C
Water Quality Off ice
May 72,447p
Appendix L to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See
also Appendix M, AD-A036 633. Includes envelope
with 2 maps.
The Water resources of the NAR are presently being
used for various and, in many instances, conflicting
purposes. The use of these waters can generally be
described within the following categories: municipal
and industrial water supply, recreation, commercial
fishing, commercial navigation, power generation, and
irrigation. The major water bodies in the NAR Study
Area in the vicinity of population and industrial centers
are seriously degraded by pollution. Study Area is
served by waste collection and treatment facilities.
The Non-Industrial waste load before treatment is ex-
pected to nearly double by the year 2020 (43,800,000
P.E.'s vs. 86,600,000 P.E.'s). It is expected that this
same loading after treatment will decrease through
time due to increased treatment; from 16,000,000
P.E.'s to 9,760,000 P.E.'s. The 1960 Industrial waste
load to the waters of the NAR Study Area is estimated
at 67,033,000 P.E.'s before treatment which is re-
duced to 40,100,000 P.E.'s after treatment. See Table
6 for the breakdown of the present waste load by
major water-using industry groupings. The total indus-
trial waste load before treatment is expected to in-
crease nearly ten-fold from 67,033,000 P.E.'s in 1960
to 624,000,000 P.E.'s in 2020, The industrial waste
load before treatment in the year 2020 will amount to
nearly 90% of the total load generated.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Environmental man-
agement, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution, Water pol-
lution abatement, Industrial plants, Waste water, Water
treatment, Requirements, Rivers, Lakes, Recreation,
Fishes, Control systems, Northeast Region(United
States), North Atlantic Region(United States), United
States.
AD-A036 640/1 PC A09/MF A01
North Atlantic Regional Water Resources Study.
Appendix V. Health Aspects.
Environmental Protection Agency Washington D C
Water Quality Off ice
May 72,187p
Appendix V to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616.
This appendix will identify some of the areas of health
needs for the water resources planner. The diversity pf
geographical, socioeconomic, and political aspects in
the North Atlantic Region leads to many varied health
considerations which must be taken into account
during water resources planning. This report will deal
with these considerations through a discussion of the
following: epidemiological assessment; health aspects
of water supply; vector control; and environmental
health analysis, including air pollution control, radiation
control, recreation sanitation, shellfish sanitation, and
solid waste management.
Keywords: "water resources, 'Environmental manage-
ment, 'Public health, Epidemiology. Water supplies,
Disease vectors, Air pollution, Water pollution, Radi-
ation hazards, Recreation, Sanitation, Shellfish, Solid
wastes, Northeast Region(United States), North Atlan-
tic Region(United States), United States.
AD-A038 232/5 PC A05/MF A01
A Practical Application of Community Noise Anal-
yses - Case Study of Allegheny County, Pennsyl-
vania. Final rept.,
Construction Engineering Research Lab (Army) Cham-
paign III
R. J. Goff. M. P. Valoski, and R. E. D'Amato. Feb 77,
82p CERL-TR-N-22, EPA/550/9-77-400
This report is designed to document the technical re-
sults of a 2-1 /2 year Noise Control Program in Alleghe-
ny County, Pennsylvania. While the program consisted
of many facets-public education, complaint analysis,
community noise survey, publicity, legislation drafting,
and public hearings-only the survey and legislation
are detailed. First, metrics are selected for describing a
community noise environment. Specific parameters in-
fluencing community noise are evaluated and used to
develop a survey methodology. Survey data are pre-
sented and analyzed according to such parameters as
time of day, noise source, land use, and municipality.
Finally, the results are incorporated into community
noise legislation. (Author)
Keywords: 'Noise reduction, 'Community relations,
Communities, Legislation, Control, Parameters,
Sources, Noise pollution, Data reduction, Cost analy-
sis, Noise analyzers, Pennsylvania, Allegheny
County(Pennsylvania).
AD-A048 622/5 PC A06/MF A01
Inactivation of Viruses In Water by Bromine and
Its Compounds: Influence of Virlon Aggregation.
Final rept. 1 Aug 73-31 Jul 76,
North Carolina Univ at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
D. Gordon Sharp, and J. Donald Johnson. 15 Feb 77,
120p
Contract DAMD17-74-C-4013, Grant EPA-R-803771
In this account of the inactivation of poliovirus and reo-
virus by bromine in water, emphasis is placed on 2
major points which have received insufficient attention
in previous investigations. In all experiments the spe-
cies of bromine, compound or ion acting on the virus
has been established and its concentration given and
in all experiments the nature and degree of virion
clumping or aggregation has been determined, in most
cases, quantitatively described. A few experiments on
ECHO virus are included. Methods and apparatus
were devised for following disinfection rates at 1 /2 sec
intervals during the fast reactions of some of the bro-
mine species with water suspensions of single virus
particles. Methods have been devised for preparing
and storing the viruses with little or no particle aggre-
gation. In general, Br2 and OBr inactivate poliovirus 3-
10 times faster than HOBr in equimolar concentra-
tions. Aggregation among the virions of both polio and
reoviruses increases their resistance to inactivation by
bromine. Survival may be increased over 100 fold by
this means. Reovirus infectivity is destroyed by HOBr
about 15 times faster than poliovirus but if the reovirus
is aggreated it can survive HOBr treatment that de-
stroys dispersed poliovirus.
Keywords: 'Poliomyelitis virus, 'Reoviruses, Inactiva-
tion, 'Bromine, Bromine compounds, Amines, Reac-
tion kinetics, Water, Laboratory procedures, Electron
microscopy, Survival(General), Clustering,
Concentration(Chemistry), Infections, Attenuation,
Water treatment, Disinfection, ECHO virus, Virions,
Agglomeration, Infectivity, Bromamines, 'Microorga-
nism control(Water).
1546 Vol.- 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AD-A055 113/5 PC A03/MF A01
Conversion of Trash to Gasoline. Summary rept.
1974-1977,
Naval Weapons Center China Lake Calif
James Diebold, and Garyl Smith. Apr 78,27p Rept no.
NWC-TP-6022
Contract EPA-IAG-D7-0781
This report describes a thermochemical process
through which organic waste materials found in munici-
pal trash are converted into a high grade gasoline
product. The process involves three major steps: se-
lective pyrolysis to form gases relatively rich in olefins
such as ethylene, propylene, and butyfene; compres-
sion and purification of the pyrolysis gases to concen-
trate the olefins; and polymerization of the olefins to
form polymer gasoline. Pyrolysis experimentation has
resulted in about half of the energy in the organic feed
being found in the gaseous olefin pyrolysis product.
Polymerization of pure ethylene has produced a syn-
thetic crude oil product containing about 90% gasoline
having an unleaded motor octane of 90. Preliminary
economic evaluation has shown the process to be
suitable for relatively small plant sizes. The projected
yield of gasoline and oils is about 0.19 I/kg (46 gal/
ton). The process is currently in the bench-scale devel-
opment stage. (Author)
Keywords: 'Solid wastes, Conversion, 'Gasoline, Py-
rolysis, Polymerization, Olefin polymers, Hydrocar-
bons, CapaciMQuantity), Economic analysis, 'Refuse
derived fuels. Design criteria.
AD-AOS6 783/4 PC A03/MF A01
Non-Extractive Electro-Optical Measurement of
Jet Engine Emissions. Final rept. May-Dec 77,
Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle
Park NC Environmental Sciences Research Lab
William f. Herget. Jan 78,27p FAA-RD-78-10
Contract DOT-FA77WAI-744
A series of measurements of jet engine emissions
were conducted in an airport environment using sever-
al infrared gas-filter correlation (GFC) instruments and
a high resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)
spectrometer system. The GFC instruments were
shown to be suitable for measuring CO concentrations
in the general airport environment and across the ex-
haust of a stationary jet. Attempts to determine jet
plume rise velocity from the GFC data were unsuc-
cessful. The FTIR system was used to make both ab-
sorption and emission measurements on single jets
and to make long-path absorption measurements in
the general airport environment. Species observed in
the single jet absorption measurements were CO (28
ppm), formaldehyde (1 ppm), ethylene (3.2 ppm), and
cumulative hydrocarbons (8.6 ppm hexane equiva-
lent). This report describes the instrumentation and the
measurement programs and gives some recommen-
dations for additional work. (Author)
Keywords: 'Jet engine exhaust, 'Emission spectros-
copy, Airports, *Air pollution, Remote detectors, Infra-
red spectrometers, Interferometry, Fourier spectrom-
eters, Gas filters, Carbon monoxide, Exhaust plumes,
Absorption, Formaldehyde. Ethylene, Hydrocarbons,
Pollutants, 'Exhaust emissions, *Gas detectors, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis.
AD-A058 929/1 PC A06/MF A01
The Ability of Mildly Hearing-Impaired Individuals
to Discriminate Speech In Noise. Final rept.,
Aerospace Medical Research Lab Wright-Patterson
AFB Ohio
Alice H. Suter. Jan 78,102p AMRL-TR-78-4, EPA-
550/9-78-100
The purpose of the investigation was to explore the re-
lationship between hearing level at various audiome-
tric frequencies and speech discrimination in different
noise backgrounds. The study was designed specifi-
cally to test the American Academy of Ophthalmology
andOtolaryngology's (AAOO) selection of a 26-dB av-
erage of 500, 1000. and 2000 Hz, as the point above
which hearing handicap occurs. The AAOO method for
computing hearing handicap has lately been brought
into question for two primary reasons: that the 26-dB
fence is too high, and for the exclusion of frequencies
above 2000 Hz. The following experimental questions
were posed: (1) What is the relationship between aver-
age hearing level at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz and
speech discrimination scores in noise for individuals
whose average hearing levels are at or better than the
AAOO low fence; (2) Is the relationship dependent
upon speech-to-noise ratio; (3) Is the relationship be-
tween average hearing level and speech discrimina-
tion scores differently described by different speech
materials; and (4) Which combination of audiometric
frequencies best predicts speech discrimination
scores.
Keywords: 'Hearing, 'Speech recognition, 'Deafness,
Noise(Sound), Background noise, Ultralow frequency,
Stimuli, Losses, History, Measurement, Speech-to-
npise ratio, Disability, Impairment, Handicap, 'Speech
discrimination.
AD-A060 375/3 PC A02/MF A01
Open-Pore Polyurethane Columns for Collection
and Preconcentratlon of Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons from Water,
Colorado Univ Boulder Dept of Chemistry
James D. Navratil, Robert E. Sievers, and Harold F.
Walton. 25 Mar 77,5p AFOSR-TR-78-0883
Contract F44620-76-C-0031, Grant EPA-R804472-01 -
1
Prepared in cooperation with Rockwell International,
Golden, CO.
Availability: Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v49 n14
p2260-2263 Dec 77.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, Aromatic compounds,
'Water analysis. \on Exchange, Solvents, Reprints,
'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Water pollution
detection.
AD-A064 106/8 PC A03/MF A01
Shared Bibliographic Input Experiment.
Ultraviolet-Ozone and Ultravlolet-Oxldant Treat-
ment of Pink Water. Technical rept. 6 Jun 76-30 Dec
Army Armament Research and Development Com-
mand, Dover, NJ. Large Caliber Weapon Systems Lab.
Milton Roth, and Joseph M. Murphy, Jr. Nov 78,45p
ARLCD-TR-78057, AD-E400 263
Contract EPA-D6-0059
Pink water, a solution of trinitrotoluene (TNT and other
nitro-bodies) is a major pollutant at AAP's which manu-
facture TNT and load, assemble, and pack bombs and
other ammunition. Two of the new technologies being
investigated as alternatives to carbon adsorption,
which is currently used to purify pink water, are cov-
ered in this report. One method involves the use of ul-
traviolet (uv) ozone; the other, uv-oxidant. In the uv-
ozone study, a pilot system with a volume of 3.79 cubic
meters per day was evaluated. This system reduced
dissolved TNT and RDX to less than one milligram per
liter with no by-products requiring disposal. A larger,
18.9 cubic meter per day plant, is proposed. In evaluat-
ing the uv-oxidant process, commercially available uv-
light, water-purification units were used in conjunction
with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or oxone, a
blend of potassium persulfate oxidants. Variables such
as film depth, dilutions, uv wavelength, and operation
of the units in series rather than in parallel, were exam-
ined in optimizing the system. (Author)
Keywords: Water pollution, 'Munitions industry, *TNT,
'Explosives, 'Ozone, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Oxida-
tion, Pilot plants, Ultraviolet lamps, Pink water, 'Water
pollution control.
AD-A072 911/1 PCA21/MFA01
The Evaluation of Microbiological Aerosol* Asso-
ciated with the Application of Wastewater to
Land: Pleasanton, California. Final rept. 30 Jun 75-
31 Mar 78,
Southwest Research Inst San Antonio TX
D. E. Johnson, D. E. Camann, J. W. Register, R. E.
Thomas, and C. A. Sorter. Jun 79,479p
Contracts DAMD17-75-C-5072, EPA-IAG-D7-0701
The purpose was to determine extent that individuals
near spray irrigation sites are exposed to microorga-
nisms in wastewater aerosols. Report covers Phase II -
a monitoring effort from May 1976 to April 1977 of a
spray irrigation site utilizing unchlorinated secondarily-
treated wastewater from biofiltration treatment proc-
ess. Objectives included an in-depth pathogen screen
of wastewater, establishing the relationship between
pathogen levels and traditional indicator organisms
monitoring microorganisms in air within 600 meters of
the spray source, and development/validation of a mi-
crobiological dispersion model for predicting pathogen
aerosol concentrations. Effluent was monitored for mi-
crobiological, chemical, and physical characteristics;
extensive microorganism and dye aerosol samples
were collected (77 aerosol runs). Enteroviruses were
detected in air, but at a very low concentration. Con-
clusions: There is considerable underestimation of
pathogen aerosol levels when using traditional indica-
tors to predict human exposures to enteroviruses. Mi-
crobiological dispersion model may be used with mini-
mal monitoring to estimate exposure. There is little
correlation between wastewater levels of traditional in-
dicators and pathogens. Microbiological wastewater
aerosols are generated by spray irrigation, do survive
aerosolization and can be transported to nearby popu-
lations.
Keywords: 'Bacterial aerosols, 'Biological aerosols,
'Sampling, 'Waste water. 'Irrigation systems. Filtra-
tion, Water treatment, California, Sprays, Monitoring,
Pathogenic microorganisms, Viability, Enteroviruses,
Hazards, Chemical analysis, Particle size.
AD-A079 740/7 PC A07/MF A01
The Economic Effects of Environmental Expendi-
tures on the Construction Industry. Research con-
tribution,
Public Research Inst., Alexandria, VA.
James Jondrow, David Chase, Christopher Gamble,
Louis Jacobson, and Robert Levy. Sep 79,142p Rept
no. CRC-339
Contract EPA-68-01-4353
Between 1978 and 1985, municipal governments Aid
private industry will spend about $111 billion dollars on
construction of new facilities to reduce air and water
pollution as mandated by the EPA. This report pre-
sents estimates of how these projected expenditures
will affect the total level of construction and how em-
ployment, wages, interest rates, and other variables
will respond to the change in construction output. Ef-
fects on employment in selected sub-classes of the
construction industry were also estimated. The re-
sponse of the construction industry to increased
spending for pollution control was estimated by use of
an econometric model of the industry. The model, de-
veloped for this study, was simulated to predict the ef-
fects of projected spending through 1985. The results
suggest that construction output will rise by less than
the EPA mandated expenditure. The difference is due,
in part, to displacement of spending that local govern-
ments would otherwise have done and, in part, to ab-
sorption of the increase by rising wages and prices in
construction. There is also some displacement of in-
dustrial expenditures for pollution abatement because
of the increased cost of building a new plant. The re-
sults also suggest that employment in the construction
industry is increased. Employment of young, black, in-
experienced workers increases more than would be
expected based on their representation in the con-
struction labor force. (Author)
Keywords: Economics, 'Economic models, 'Pollution
abatement, Construction, Industries, Cost estimates,
Employment, Salaries, Finance, State government.
Water pollution, Water pollution abatement, Air pollu-
tion, Expenditures, Payrolls, 'Construction industry.
AD-A080 844/4 PC A10/MF A01
An Examination of Issues Related to U.S. Lake
Erie Natural Gas Development Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL Div. of Environmental
Impact Studies.
D. L. McGregor, J. G. Ferrante, R. K. Rodiek, W. S.
Barnett, and D. A. Brodnk*. Sep 78,215p Rept no.
ANL/ES-68
Contract EPA-P-7808A
A detailed examination of the issues related to the de-
velopment of natural gas resources in the U.S. portion
of the eastern and central basins of Lake Erie. The
inland portions of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York
adjacent to the Lake are also dealt with. Environmental
parameters were examined to gain a Great Lakes wa-
tershed perspective. Economic, institutional, and tech-
nological issues are addressed in detail. (Author)
Keywords: Lake Erie, Offshore drilling, 'Natural gas,
Geology, Economics. Federal law. State law, Hazards.
Accidents, Effluents, Overview, 'Resource develop-
ment, Environmental impacts.
December 1983 1547
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AD-A082 013/4 PC A05/MF A01
A Compilation of Common Algal Control and Man-
agement Techniques. Final rept,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Jeffrey J. Janik, William D. Taylor, and John W. Barko.
Jan 80,83p Rept no. WES-TR-E-80-1
Contract EPA 1AG-78-R-X0393
Report on Environmental and Water Quality Oper-
ational Studies.
The objective of this survey was to compile the more
commonly implemented methods of algal control and
management. This information is summarized in an ex-
tensive table developed from the literature as well as
through communications with individuals in various
State agencies. References in the annotated bibliogra-
phy are appropriate for consideration by individuals de-
sinng direction in developing algal control programs.
However, conclusions and recommendations drawn
from this survey need to be viewed as preliminary,
since the information compiled herein does not pro-
vide a sufficient basis for detailed discrimination of the
relative efficacy of the individual techniques identified.
Therefore, the discussion of these techniques is nec-
essarily generalized. This report is intended as a base-
line of existing information for use in evaluating algal
control methods and management policies applicable
to Corps impoundments. (Author)
Keywords: *Algae, 'Water quality, 'Aquatic plants,
Surveys, Management, Bibliographies, Viruses, Bacte-
ria, Fungi, Chemicals, Policies, Biological control, Pest
control.
AD-A082 129/8 PC A06/MF A01
Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC
The Role of Dlabatlc Heating In Generating Lower
Trope-spheric Mesoscale Circulations. Final rept.
23 Feb 76-31 Dec 79,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Me-
teorology.
Thomas T. Warner, Richard A. Anthes, and Nelson L.
Seaman. 31 Dec 79,106p ARO-13817.1-GSX
Grants DAAG29-76-G-0157, EPA-R-805659
A two-dimensional, multilevel primitive equation model
is used to investigate various characteristics of ther-
mally driven circulations. The sensitivity of the mesos-
cale circulations to the magnitude of the surface, sen-
sible heat flux is established through examination of
various quantifiable circulation features such as the
planetary boundary layer depth and the horizontal and
vertical wind maxima. The simulations fall into two
groups; one deals with circulations over flat terrain in
the vicinity of a coastline and the other deals with cir-
culations induced by heating of the irregular terrain in
the vicinity of the Tennessee Valley. The results estab-
lish a surprisingly linear relationship between forecast
errors and errors in the specification of the surface
sensible heat flux. The results of the Tennessee Valley
simulations are verified using satellite visible imagery.
The model-predicted subsidence over the valley corre-
sponds very closely in location to anomalous cloud-
free regions observed in numerous satellite photo-
graphs.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric motion, 'Troposphere, Adia-
batic conditions, Atmosphere models, Computerized
simulation, Mathematical models, Heating, Terrain,
Coastal regions, Dynamic response, Two dimensional,
Heat flux, Photographs, Meteorological satellites, At-
mospheric circulation, Planetary boundary layer.
AD-A083 455/6
PC A05/MF A01
Development of an ADP Training Program to
Serve the EPA Da" ~ ' ». - .
rept.
i Data Processing Community. Final
Human Resources Research Organization, Alexan-
dria, VA.
29 Jul 76,98p Rept no. HUMRRO-RP-ED-76-33
Contract EPA-68-01 -3357
Report on Course Specifications.
This course presents selected elements of the ANSI
COBOL language not normally taught in introductory
level courses. Topics include: record structuring; tape
file processing; value clauses; the corresponding
option of the MOVE statement; divide, compute, per-
form and alter statements; data representation and
conversion; table processing; and indexed sequential
and random access file processing. The course work-
shop will include the testing of coded exercises and
problems on a computer system.
Keywords: 'Programming languages, Training, Skills,
Data processing, Methodology, Workshops, Coding,
•COBOL, *ANSrCOBOL.
AD-A084 827/5 PC A03/MF A01
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS
Trophic State of Lakes and Reservoirs. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab Las Vegas NV
W. D. Taylor, V. W. Lambou, L. R. Williams, and S. C.
Hern. Apr 80, 31 p WES-TR-E-80-3
Contract EPA-78-R-X0393
The complexities and contradictions associated with
trophic classification criteria are discussed in this
report. Many criteria are based on the process of nutri-
ent enrichment (i.e., eutrophication) while others are
based on the manifestations of eutrophication. Numer-
ous chemical, physical, and biological criteria are com-
pared within a tabular format. As presently used, troph-
ic classification of lakes and reservoirs becomes a
function of the criteria used and is frequently inconsist-
ent among classification criteria. A more practical ap-
proach to lake classification would place paramount
consideration upon the potential beneficial uses of a
lake and the water quality characteristics required to
meet those uses. (Author)
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Reservoirs, * Eutrophication,
Water quality, Classification, Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Transparence, Chlorophylls, Algae, Phyto-
plankton, Measurement.
AD-A085 971/0 PC A02/MF A01
ADP Training Administration: System for Manag-
ing and Reporting on Training. Final rept. on task 4.
Human Resources Research Organization, Alexan-
dria, VA.
12 Aug 7<5,21p Rept no. HUMRRO-RP-ED-76-31
Contract EPA-68-01-3357
Report on Development of an ADP Training Program
to Serve the EPA Data Processing Community.
A computer-based information storage and retrieval
system is proposed to support the administration and
management of MIDSD educational programs. The
primary functions of SMART (System for Managing
and Reporting on Training) will be to: (1) Generate re-
ports containing information relevant to near-term
planning of programs; and (2) Provide data in detail
sufficient to facilitate day-to-day operation and man-
agement of courses within a program. Access to the
SMART files, for both update and retrieval, will be
through low-speed terminals; on-line processing will in-
crease the currency of data resident in the system and
will permit users at headquarters and remote locations
to meet their informational needs with minimal effort
and delay.
Keywords: 'Management, 'Training, Computer appli-
cations, Management information systems, Data proc-
essing, On line systems, Training management,
SMART(System for Management and Training).
AD-A088 062/5 PC A08/MF A01
Coast Guard, Washington, DC
Performance Tests of High Speed ZRV Oil Skim-
mer. Final rept. 8 Sep-13 Oct 79,
Environmental Protection Agency, Leonardo, NJ.
Ohmsett Test Facility.
Michael K. Breslin. Jun 80,156p USCG-D-42-80
Contract DOT-CG-842702-A
A self-propelled catamaran oil skimmer developed by
the USCG capable of recovering oil from a water's sur-
face was tested at the U.S. EPA OHMSETT facility.
The skimmer employed an endless composite sorbent
belt processed between the catamaran hulls to recov-
er oil. The tests were designed to determine the effect
that various parameters (skimmer speed, oil viscosity,
oil thickness, wave conditions, etc.) have upon oil re-
covery performance. The skimmer was towed through
oil slicks at various speeds in different wave conditions
as it was operated to collect oil. The collected fluid was
quantitatively analyzed to determine the device's oil-
to-water recovery ratio (recovery efficiency), oil recov-
ery rate and thoroughness of slick removal (throughput
efficiency). The device proved capable of good
throughput efficiency in all wave conditions (up to 0.7
m confused seas) at all the tow speeds tested (1 to 6
knots). Throughput efficiencies of 80 to 90% in calm
water were common with all the oils tested. The per-
formance of the full-scale skimmer agreed well with
the results from the smaller prototype tested in 1976.
The successful development of this skimmer provides
a significant advance in oil spill recovery capability and
technology. The concept used in this oil skimmer can
be employed at speeds greater than those tested. Two
oil slick converging systems were tested with the skim-
mer to effectively double the sweep width of the skim-
mer. Additional tests were conducted to determine
vessel resistance and motion in waves and to assess
the buildup of potentially explosive vapors within the oil
recovery system. (Author)
Keywords: 'Recovery, 'Oil pollution containment,
'High velocity, *Performance(Engineering), 'Test
methods, Viscosity, Absorbers(Materials), Oil spills,
Water waves, Surfaces, Efficiency, Vapors, Belts,
Towing, Oils, Comparison, Towed bodies, Systems
analysis, Water pollution, Rates, Oil skimmers, Oil
slicks, Sorbent belts, Catamaran oil skimmer, Oil re-
covery rates, Throughput. Olephilic belts, ZRV(Zero
Relative Velocity).
AD-A089 993/0 PC A03/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab
Remote Atmospheric Measurements of CH4
Using a LINBO3 Tunable Source. Final technical
rept. Oct 78-Jun 79,
Stanford Univ., CA. Edward L. Ginzton Lab. of Physics.
Robert L. Byer, and Martin Endemann. Mar 80,27p
AFESC/ESL-TR-80-11
Grant EPA-R-805750-01
A laser transmitter tuned by means of a lithium niobate
optical parametric oscillator was employed to demon-
strate the capability for remote measurement of gase-
ous pollutants in the atmosphere. Measurements of
methane were obtained continuously over an 18-hour
period with a precision of better than 0.06 parts per
million. The long path measurements of methane were
in excellent agreement with a Bay Area Pollution Con-
trol District point monitoring station. Capabilities of the
tunable laser transmitter to measure other molecules,
as well as atmospheric temperature, are discussed.
(Author)
Keywords: 'Tunable lasers, 'Remote detectors, *YAG
lasers, 'Neodymium lasers, 'Methane, "Air pollution,
Atmospheric temperature, Absorption spectra, Infra-
red spectra, Temperature measuring instruments, Lith-
ium compounds, Niobates, Oscillators, Monitors,
LIDAR, Lithium niobates, Optical parametric oscilla-
tors, Optical parametric oscillators.
AD-A092 165/0 PC A05/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab.
Williams Air Force Base Air Quality Monitoring
Study,
Northrop Services, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. C. Sheesley, S. J. Gordon, and M. L. Ehlert. Jul 80,
91 p EPA/600/4-80-037,, AFESC/ESL-TR-79-33
Contract EPA-68-03-2591
Air quality and meteorological data were collected
continuously from a network of five ground monitoring
stations located at Williams Air Force Base WAFB
near Phoenix, Arizona, during June 1976 through June
1977. Data reported here will serve as detailed input
for defining the accuracy limits of the Air Quality As-
sessment Model. The data have been analyzed in
order to determine the air quality impact attributable to
WAFB operations. Also reported are the preliminary
results obtained from several related special studies
designed to characterize horizontal and vertical disper-
sion of WAFB emissions. The data indicate no signifi-
cant air quality impact at WAFB resulting from aircraft
operations. (Author)
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Air pollution, 'Air Force facili-
ties, 'Airports. Aircraft exhaust, Monitoring, Spectrom-
eters, Gas chromatography, Chemiluminescence, Ne-
phelometers, Laser velocimeters, Pyranometers, Hy-
drocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Methane, Carbon mon-
oxide, Meteorological data, Mathematical models,
Measurement, Data processing, Pollutants, Emission,
Dispersions, Environmental impact, Gaussian plume
model.
1548 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AD-A092 252/6 PC A04/MF A01
Disinfection of Viruses In Water by Ozone. Final
rapt.,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
H. I. Shuval, and E. Katzenelson. Dec 79,71 p
Contract EPA-R803510-0
Previous studies by Mudd, et al., have also been made
on the reaction of ozone and amino acids. However,
these investigations were carried out using a continu-
ous flow of ozone which makes it difficult to obtain ac-
curate kinetic data. Our results differ from those of
Mudd, et al., both in the order of susceptibility of the
amino acids in aqueous solution to oxidation by ozone
and also in time scale (minutes as against seconds, as
in the present study). From the present study, the fol-
lowing conclusions can be drawn. Ozone reacts ex-
tremely rapidly (less than one second) with those
amino acids containing sulfur groups. The S-S linkage
in single amino acids reacts with ozone on a time scale
similar to that of the virus, while C-S-H and C-S-C
groupings are attacked even quicker. However, the
interaction of ozone with the enzyme is apparently with
the S-S link and not the methionine group. Further, the
isolated methionine acid reacts differently from the
acid in a peptide chain with ozone. Apparently the
effect of the entire peptide chain causes steric hin-
drance as well as physical-chemical changes in the
micro-environment and hence slows down the kinet-
ics.
Keywords: 'Viruses, *Polioviruses, 'Disinfection,
'Ozone, Water, Inactivation, Kinetics, Measurement,
Reaction kinetics, pH factor, Flow rate, Cysteine, Me-
thionine, Histidine, Tryptophan, 'Foreign technology,
Jerusalem.
AD-A094 424/9 PC A15/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL Engineering and Services Lab.
Williams Air Force Base Air Quality Monitoring
Study. Appendices,
Northrop Services, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. C. Sheesley, S. J. Gordon, and M. L. Ehlert. Jul 80,
329p EPA/600/4-80-037-APP,, AFESC/ESL-TR-79-
33-APP
Contract EPA-68-03-2591
Appendices to AD- A092 165.
This report presents an evaluation of the impact of air-
craft operations on air quality at Williams Air Force
Base near Phoenix, Arizona. The data reported here
will serve as input for defining the accuracy limits of the
Air Quality Assessment Model.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Environmental impact state-
ments, 'Air Force facilities, 'Airports, 'Aircraft ex-
haust, 'Monitoring, Instrumentation, Acoustics,
Sounding, Pollutants, Dispersions, Atmospheric chem-
istry, Atmospheric physics, Meteorological data, Gas
analysis, Graphs, Tables(Data), Williams Air Force
Base, Phoenix(Arizona).
AD-A096 491/7 PC A05/MF A01
The Fete and Effects of Crude OH Spilled on Su-
barctic Permafrost Terrain In Interior Alaska,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hano-
ver, NH.
Larry A. Johnson, Charles M. Collins, Elena B.
Sparrow, Thomas F. Jenkins, and Charlotte V.
Davenport. Dec 80,77p Rept no. CRREL-80-29
Contract EPA-78-D-F0395
This study was conducted to determine the short- and
long-term physical, chemical and biological effects of
spills of hot Prudhoe Bay crude oil on permafrost ter-
rain near Fairbanks. Alaska. Two experimental oil
spills, one in winter and one In summer, of 7570 liters
(2000 gallons) were made at a forest site. The winter-
spill oil moved within the surface moss layer beneath
the snow. The summer-spill oil moved primarily below
the moss in the organic soil. The oil moved faster and
further downslope in the summer spill. Oil in the winter
spill stopped during the first day but remobilized and
flowed further downslope in the spring. The total area
affected by the summer spill was nearly one and one-
half times as large as that affected by the winter spill.
The initial heat of the spilled oil had little measurable
thermal effect on the soil. However, thaw depth signifi-
cantly increased following two full thaw seasons. The
greatest increases occurred beneath oil blackened
surfaces. Evaporation of volatile components is the
most significant weathering process in the first two
years. Volatiles evaporated faster from surface oil than
from oil carried deeper into the soil profile. Microbial
degradation has not been observed. The indigenous
soil microbial populations responded differently to
winter and summer oil applications, ranging from inhi-
bition to stimulation, with stimulation appearing to pre-
dominate. Vegetation showed both immediate and
long-term damage. Damage was greatest near the top
of the slope and in areas with surface oil. Deciduous
species showed damage faster than evergreen spe-
cies. (Author)
Keywords: 'Oil spills, Crude oil, Subarctic regions,
Alaska, Permafrost, Forests, Field tests, Winter,
Summer, Seasonal variations, Soils, Vegetation,
Microorganisms.
AD-A101 554/4 PC A14/MF A01
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Proceedings of Workshop on Algal Management
and Control Held on 9-12 march 1980 at Pacific
drove, Calif. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
William D. Taylor, Victor W. Lambou, Stephen C. Hern,
Jeffery J. Janik, and Linda S. Blakey. May 81,319p
WES-TR-E-81-7
Contract EPA-IAG-78-R-X0383
Report on Environmental and Water Quality Oper-
ational Studies.
A Workshop entitled 'Algal Management and Control'
was held 9-12 March 1980 at the Asilomar Conference
Center, Pacific Grove, Calif., to review state-of-the-art
techniques for the management and control of lacus-
trine algal populations, to establish the functional avail-
ability and limits of various algal management and con-
trol techniques, and to determine research needs in re-
lation to the further development of algal management
and control techniques. This report presents the Pro-
ceedings of the Workshop. A Bibliography of research
on algicides and algal management is also presented
in this report. (Author)
Keywords: 'Environmental management, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Symposia, 'Algae, 'State of the Art, Management
planning and control, Aquatic plants, Control, Bibliog-
raphies, Algicides, NTISDODXA.
AD-A103 788/6 PC A22/MF A01
Procedures for Handling and Chemical Analysis
of Sediment and Water Samplee,
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Buffalo. Great Lakes
Lab.
Russell H. Plumb, jr. May 81,501 p EPA/CE-81 -1
Contract EPA-48-05-5720-10
The purpose of this handbook is to provide state-of-
the-art guidance on the subjects of sampling, preser-
vation, and analysis of dredged and fill material. This
need developed as a result of the promulgation and
implementation of Section 404(b) of Public Law (PL)
92-500 (Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972) which required the ecological evalua-
tion of proposed dredging and filling operations as they
may Impact navigable waters of the United States. It is
expected, therefore, that this manual will receive wider
usage as an aid in the regulatory process rather than a
research tool. The initial guidance for implementing
Section 404(b) was released in 1976. The guidance
presented in this handbook should be viewed as
second-generation Interim Guidance in the continuing
process of procedure development, refinement, ana
evaluation. Thus, it will be intermediate between the
initial Interim Guidance and analytical compediums
such as Standard Methods. American Society of Test-
ing and Materials (ASTM) manuals, or Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) manuals. The major empha-
sis of this effort has been to provide guidance on the
subjects of sampling, sample handling, and sample
pretreatment.
Keywords: 'Sampling, "Chemical analysis, Preserva-
tion, Dredged materials. Sediments, Water, Metals,
Nutrients, Pollutants, Test methods.
AD-A107 239/6 PC A05/MF A01
Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army),
Champaign, IL. ' "'
Noise Control: Pile Driver Demonstration Prelect,
Waterloo, Iowa. Final rept.,
Dames and Moore, Cranford, NJ.
Fred M. Kessler, and Paul D. Schomer. Jul 81, 94p
CERL-TR-N-111
Contracts CERL-08684-004-10, EPA-78-D-H0234
A project jointly sponsored by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), Office of Noise Abatement and
Control;, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construc-
tion Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL); and the
Directorate of Civil Works was undertaken to demon-
strate in a construction project the availability of retrofit
control technology for pile drivers. Various in-use retro-
fit noise control measures for reducing the noise of pile
drivers were investigated: alternative pile driving tech-
niques, mufflers, noise enclosures, impact cushions,
and vibration damping of piles. Costs and productivity
impacts associated with the noise control measures
were also examined. Costs were developed in units of
dollars per pile. Productivity was identified in terms of
the time to set up and drive a pile. The ability of a gen-
eral construction contractor to bid on a noise specifica-
tion, and then obtain and implement the noise control
measures during the construction project were a part
of the demonstration. The vibratory pile driver took the
longest time to drive a pile. The noise enclosure and
muffler had no significant impact on the time to drive a
pile. The enclosure did require a longer set up time, but
a longer duration test is required to substantiate these
productivity data. The Corps of Engineers' use of a de-
tailed contract bid document specifying noise control
requirements was successful.
Keywords: 'Pile drivers, 'Noise reduction,
Noise(Sound), Acoustic insulation, Mufflers, Damping,
Impact, Cushioning, Trucks, Routing, Enclosures.
AD-A108 768/3 PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Teet Plan for Studying the Impact of
Construction Noise on Neighboring Communities.
Final rept.,
Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army),
Champaign, IL.
Steven D. Hottman. Sep 81,32p Rept no. CERL-TR-N-
115
Contract EPA-IAG-80-D-X0969
This report presents a detailed test plan for studying
the impact of noise from construction activities on
neighboring communities. The plan details the physical
noise-measurement protocol, site selection plans, atti-
tudinal questionnaires for residential and nonresiden-
tial areas, respondent sampling plans, and equipment
and personnel needs.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'Environmental impact,
'Construction, 'Communities, Acoustic emissions.
Acoustic measurement, Intensity, Public opinion,
Attftudes(Psycholpgy), Questionnaires. Response,
Site selection, Residential section, Surveys.
AD-A112170/6 PCA03/MFA01
Automotive Cold-Start Carbon Monoxide Emis-
sions and Preheater Evaluation. Special rept.,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hano-
ver, NH.
Harold J. Coutts. Dec 81,37p Rept no. CRREL-SR-81-
32
Contract EPA-79-D-F0847
Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska, experience high
wintertime ambient levels of carbon monoxide (CO).
Emissions from starting automobile engines in cold
weather are thought to be a major source of CO. A
quantitative procedure for determining startup CO
emissions was developed. The startup emissions were
measured as a function of soak time at several low am-
bient temperatures. The performance of engine pre-
heaters in reducing the startup CO at the various soak
times and temperatures was estimated. The data scat-
ter was too great to draw any firm conclusions; howev-
er, the length of cold-soak time appeared to have a
stronger effect on cold-start CO emissions than did
soak temperatures (0 to -30 C). Compared to no pre-
heat, continuous preheat during an overnight cold
soak can reduce the cold-start CO emissions by 20 to
90 vt>.
Keywords: •Automotive vehicles, 'Ermines, 'Starting.
'Cold weather, Test and evaluation, scattering. Low
temperature, Carbon monoxide, Emission, Heating,
Heaters, Air pollution. Control systems, Engine pre-
heaters, Data scatter, Automotive engines.
December 1983 1549
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AD-A112 737/2 Not available NTIS
Effect of Nonionizlng Radiation on the Purkinje
Cells of the Rat Cerebellum,
George Washington Univ. Medical Center, Washing-
ton, DC. Dept. of Anatomy.
E. N. Albert, M. F. Sherif, N. J. Papadopoulos, F. J.
Slaby, and J. Monahan. 6 Nov 80,11 p
Contracts N00014-78-C-0527, EPA-68-02-3257
Availability: Pub. in Bioelectromagnelics, v2 p247-257
1981 (Nocopies furnished by DTIC/NTIS).
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Electromagnetic radi-
ation, "Microwaves, "Cerebellum, Rats, Radiation
dosage, Recovery, Histology, Irradiation, Reprints,
"Purkinje cells.
AD-A113 771/0 PCA03/MFA01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab.
An 'In-Staek' Diffusion Classifier for Aerosol Mass
Distribution Measurement. Final rept. Jun 78-Jun
80,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Dale A. Lundgren, and Cumbum N. Rangarai. Apr 81,
36p AFESC/ESL-TR-81-04
Grant EPA-R-805762-010
A five-stage, screen-type diffusion classifier was de-
signed and built to make in-situ measurement of sub-
micron aerosols at temperatures and pressures en-
countered in industrial-type exhaust stacks. Laborato-
ry calibration proceeded satisfactorily and held strong
promise of successful field demonstration. However,
major problems were encountered in test procedures
during both field tests (at the Jacksonville Florida Elec-
tric Authority (J.E.A.)) Southside generating Station,
Unit 4 (oil-fired boiler) and the Naval Air Rework Facili-
ty, Jacksonville, Jet Engine test Cell 11 (J-52 engines)
Conditioning of the glass fiber filters to sulfur oxides
was not done at the Southside Power Plant - this ap-
pears to have been the major problem there. Tempera-
tures of the exhaust stack exceeded 200 C at the Jet
Engine Test Cell - consequent weight loss due to
grease vaporization appears to have been the problem
there. (Author)
Keywords: "Test equipment, "Measurement, "Aero-
sols, "Air poljution, 'Smoke stacks, 'Diffusion, Sam-
pling, Classification, Industrial plants, Smoke, Field
tests, Particle size, In stack diffusion classifiers, Mass
distribution, Submicron aerosols,
WUAFESCESL21032A50.
AD-A113 811/4 PC A03/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab.
Field Test oi an In-Stack Diffusion Classifier on an
Aircraft Engine Test Cell. Final rept. Jun-Dec 80,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
Dale A. Lundgren, and Brian J. Hausknecht. Apr 81,
40p AFESC/ESL-TR-81 -21
Grant EPA-R-805-762-02-2
An in-stack diffusion classifier was field tested at Tyn-
dall Air Force Base, Florida. Particle size distribution
measurements were made on the exhaust stream from
the engine test cell while running a J75-P17 jet engine.
Samples were collected at the test cell exhaust plane
using a University of Washington in-stack cascade im-
pactor followed, in series, by an in-stack diffusion clas-
sifier being developed at University of Florida. In addi-
tion, total paniculate samples were obtained using ab-
solute filters to determine paniculate mass concentra-
tion in the exhaust gases. Opacity readings of the
plume were also taken during sampling. The proce-
dures to collect significant data and the general prob-
lems encountered to generate a reasonable estimate
of jet exhaust aerosol size distribution using a diffusion
classifier are described in this report. (Author)
Keywords: "Test equipment, *Jet engines, "Exhaust
plumes, "Particle size, "Measurement, "Sampling,
Impact, Cascade structures. Collecting methods, Diffu-
sion, Filters, Participates, Exhaust gases, Aerosols,
Field tests, In stack diffusion classifiers, J-75 engines,
Cascade impactors, Diffusion classifiers, WUAFES-
CESL19002052.
AD-A119 287/1 PC A09/ MF A01
Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protec-
tive Actions for Nuclear Incidents. Revision.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Envi-
ronmental Analysis Div.
Jun 80,185pReptno. EPA-520/1-75-001
Revision of report dated Sep 75.
This manual has been prepared to provide practical
guidance to State, local, and other officials on criteria
to use in planning protective actions for radiological
emergencies that could present a hazard to the public.
The guidance presented here is not intended as a sub-
stitute for, or an addemdum to, a State radiological
emergency response plan. It is intended only to pro-
vide information for use in the development of such a
plan. The manual is organized to provide first, a gener-
al discussion of Protective Action Guides and their use
in planning for V~e implementation of protective ac-
tions to protect the public. This is followed by chapters
dealing with Protective Action Guides for specific ex-
posure pathways and time periods. The application of
Protective Action Guides and protective actions is dis-
cussed separately for various categories of source
terms. Support information that has not been previous-
ly published is provided as appendices.
Keywords: "Nuclear radiation protection, "Manage-
ment planning and control, "Civil defense, "Emergen-
cies, Planning, Decision making, Exposure(General),
Radiation effects, Crisis management, Evacuation,
Shelters, Medical services, Public safety, Food, Water
supplies, Logistics support, Manuals, Emergency pre-
paredness planning.
AD-A 119 670/8 Not available NTIS
Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Observation of Polyatomic Ion Vlbratlonal State
Distribution by Laser Photoelectron Spectrosco-
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
Jon T. Meek, S. Randolph Long, and James P. Reilly.
26 Apr 82,4p ARO-17997.1 -CH
Contract DAAG29-81-K-0097, Grant EPA-R-808790
Availability: Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry, v86 n15
p2809-2811 1982 (No copies furnished by DTIC/
NTIS).
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Photoionization, "Polyatomic molecules,
"Molecular vibration, "Electron spectroscopy, High
resolution, Toluenes, Dye lasers, Pulsed lasers, Tuna-
ble lasers, Reprints, Polyatomic ions,
*MPI(Multiphoton lonization), Vibrational states, Two
photon ionization, Multiquantum processes, Excimer
lasers.
AD-A129 965/0 Not available NTIS
Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Analysis of Polyaromatlc Hydrocarbon Mixtures
with Laser lonization Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry,
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
Gerald Rhodes, Richard B. Opsal, Jon T. Meek, and
James P. Reilly. 30 Aug 82,8p ARO-17997.9-CH
Contract DAAG29-81-K-0097, Grant EPA-R-808790
Availability: Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n2 p280-
2861983 (No copies furnished by DTIC/NTIS).
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, loniza-
tion, Excimers, Lasers, Photochemical reactions, Re-
prints, Excimer lasers.
AD-A129 966/8 Not available NTIS
Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Benzaldenyde Photochemistry Studied with Laser
lonization Mass and Photoelectron Spectroscopy,
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
S. Randolph Long, Jon T. Meek, Patrick J. Harrington,
and James P. Reilly. 5 Oct 82,4p ARO-17997.4-CH
Contract DAAG29-81-K-0097, Grant EPA-R-808790
Availability: Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Physics, v78 pt 1
n6 p3341-3343, 15 Mar 83 (No copies furnished by
DTIC/NTIS).
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Benzaldehydes, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, "Spectroscopy, lonization. Lasers. Mass spec-
troscopy, Photoelectron spectra. Reprints.
ANL/WR-76-4 PC A04/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Water Resources Research Program: Transport
and Dispersion of Oil-Refinery Wastes In the
Coastal Waters of Southwestern Lake Michigan
(Experimental Design: Sinking-Plume Condition).
Argonne National Lab., III.
D.I. McCown, W. Harrison, and W. Orvosh. Jul 76,
51p
Contracts W-31-109-ENG-38, EPA-INA-D6-E681
The field phase of the experimental design was imple-
mented on February 14-16, 1976, and consisted of (1)
tagging 1701 of simulated refinery waste with 1.4 kg of
a 50-percent acid solution of dysprosium acetate and
spreading the tagged waste on the water surface at
the entrance to the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), (2)
tagging 3600 m exp 3 of water at the IHC mouth with
13.6 kg of samarium complexed with DTPA, (3) sam-
pling the surface and subsurface waters of the lake
downflow for 10 km using three boats with submersible
pumping systems, and (4) sampling raw-water from the
shore and Dunne Crib intakes at Chicago's South
Water Filtration Plant'(SWFP). The laboratory portion
of the experimental design involved neutron activation
analysis of the samples after evaporation of the water
phase. Reactors and low-energy, photon spectrom-
eters at Argonne and Ames, Iowa were used for
sample irradiation and counting. Results indicate that
the methodology, with appropriate changes, can be
used successfully to study the transport and disper-
sion of simulated refinery waste injected into the IHC's
sinking plume. Deficiencies in the original experimental
design are discussed, and recommendations are given
for their remedy. More-frequent sampling at the SWFP,
and the use of an underway water-sampling system
that will permit sampling coverage farther offshore, are
the principal Improvements required for the 1976/
1977, full-scale, sinking-plume study. (ERA citation
02:015792)
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Petroleum refineries,
"water pollution, Activation analysis, Coastal waters,
Diffusion, Dysprosium, Environmental effects, Environ-
mental transport, Lake michigan, Measuring methods,
Neutrons, Petroleum, Plumes, Samarium, Tracer tech-
niques, Waste disposal, Waste management, ERDA/
020900, ERDA/520200, ERDA/020800, Neutron acti-
vation analysis, Marking, "Oil pollution.
ANL/WR-78-2 PC A09/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Trace Organics Variation Across the Wastewater
Treatment System of a Class-B Refinery and Esti-
mate of Removal of Refractory Organics by Add-
on Mixed-Media Filtration and Granular Activated
Carbon at Pilot Scale.
Argonne National Lab., IL.
L. A. Raphaelian, and W. Harrison. Jun 78,192p EPA-
600/7-78-128
Contract W-31-109-ENG-38
Wastewater at SOHlO's Toledo refinery was sampled
every four hours for four successive days in December
1976. Effluents from the full-scale system (dissolved-
air-flotation (DAF) unit and final clarifier for the activat-
ed-sludge unit) and an add-on pilot-scale unit (mixed-
media filter and activated-carbon columns) were sam-
pled for analysis of common wastewater parameters
and trace organic compounds. Grab samples taken
every four hours were composited daily. Organics
were isolated into acid, base, and neutral fractions.
Four-day composites of these daily extracts were ana-
lyzed by capillary-column gas chromatography/mass
Spectrometry. Some 304 compounds were identified in
the neutral fraction of the DAF effluent and removal of
these organics by the activated-sludge and add-on
treatment units was estimated. Numerous data for the
approximate concentration of organic compounds are
presented. Common wastewater parameters are also
presented for comparison to specific organics concen-
tration data. The activated-sludge unit removed aro-
matic compounds better than it did nonaromatics
whereas the activated-carbon unit was better at re-
moval of nonaromatic compounds. Average percent-
age removal of those organics present in the DAF ef-
fluent was greater than 99 percent (activated sludge),
approximately 0 percent (mixed-media filter), and less
than 1 percent (activated carbon). Of the approximate-
1550 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ly 1 percent of trace organics remaining in the final-
clarifier effluent. 81 percent (by weight) were removed
by the activated carbon. Because of variations in ex-
traction efficiencies, amount of sample injected, losses
on the GC column and transfer lines, and other
sources of error, these are only approximate removal
estimates. (ERA citation 04:004441)
Keywords: 'Organic compounds. 'Petroleum refiner-
ies, 'Waste water, 'Water pollution control, Activated
carbon, Aromatics, Chemical analysis, Chromatpgra-
phy, Ecological concentration, Filtration, Refining,
Sampling, Separation processes, Spectrometers,
Trace amounts, Variations, ERDA/520200, ERDA/
020900, ERDA/400105, Performance evaluation,
Water pollution detection, Water analysis.
BNL-21698 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide In Power Plant
Plumes.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y.
J. Forrest,andL. Newman. 1976,31pCONF-761109-5
Contracts E(30-1 )-16, EPA-IAG-D4
69. annual meeting of the AICHE. Chicago, Illinois,
United States of America (USA), 28 Nov 1976.
The extent of oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfate was
measured at two coal-fired and four oil-fired power
plant plumes. Samples were collected at various dis-
tances downwind of the source by employing a high-
volume filter pack in a fixed-wing aircraft. Paniculate
sulfur to total sulfur concentration ratios and exp 34 S
to exp 32 S isotope ratios were measured and inter-
preted. In almost all instances essentially all of the oxi-
dation was found to occur during the first few kilome-
ters of plume transit and even when plumes were fol-
lowed for more than 70 kilometers. In the coal-fired
plumes the extent of oxidation seldom exceeded 4
percent, one-third of which could be attributed to pri-
mary sulfate production during the combustion of the
coal. In the oil-fired plumes the extent of oxidation was
approximately twice that observed lor coal. However,
the primary production of sulfate is much more variable
and probably higher during oil-fired operations and
could account lor some o1 the apparent difference ob-
served for the atmospheric oxidation. In addition, there
is some indication that sulfate could be dropping out of
the power plant plumes which might cause observa-
tions of sulfate formation to appear to be less than
their true values. (ERA citation 02:023258)
Keywords: Air pollution, *Sulfates, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Chemical effluents, Coal, Fossil-fuel power plants,
Fuel oils, Gaseous wastes, Oxidation, Plumes, Surface
air, ERDA/500200, ERDA/010900, ERDA/020900,
Electric power plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Atmospheric chemistry.
BNWL-SA-5825 MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Effects of a Continuous Low-Level No. 2 Fuel Dis-
persion on Laboratory-Held Intertldal Colonies.
Montana Dept. of State Lands, Helena.
J. R. Vanderhorst, R. M Bean, L. J. Moore, P.
Wilkinson, and C. I. Gibson. 1977,22p CONF-770325-
Contracts EY-76-C-06-1830, EPA-77BDF-EHA54
CHI spill conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, United
States of America (USA), 8 Mar 1977.
Microfiche copies only.
Marine intertidal colonies on concrete substrates were
exposed for six months to 0.1 and 0.6 mg/1 No. 2 fuel
oil (API Ref. Oil III, 38% aromatics). A continuous
supply of the fuel oil dispersion was prepared by a
mixing-separation apparatus, and nonfloating material
was used as the contaminant. Monitoring of No. 2 fuel
was by IR analysis of CCI sub 4 extracts. Supplemen-
tary analyses were performed by gas chromatography,
helium partitioning gas chromatography, and mass
spectrometry. Colonies were obtained by stratified
random sampling from an initial 500 field-colonized
bricks. Field colonization time was nine months. Repli-
cates of treatment concentrations and controls were
studied under constant continuous photoperiod. Initial
colonies consisted of approximately 83 species of in-
tertidal plants and animals. Effects were measured by
comparison of species diversity, relative abundance.
numbers of species, and individual frequency of occur-
rence patterns. Species diversity was significantly
lower in treated versus control colonies as was the
total number of species. Relative abundance was not
significantly affected. Individual species frequency of
occurrence was significantly reduced in treated colo-
nies: this was especially so for amphipods and deca-
pods. Significant differences were not revealed for any
biological parameter between the two treatment con-
centrations, although data from infrared analysis indi-
cated that the two concentrations were, in fact, differ-
ent. (ERA citation 02:049800)
Keywords: 'Fuel oils, 'Invertebrates, Alkanes, Aquatic
ecosystems. Aquatic organisms, Biological effects,
Biomass, Coastal regions, Genetic variability, Methyl
radicals, Naphthalene, Petroleum products, Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. Population dynamics, Sea-
water, Survival time, Toxicity, ERDA/520200, ERDA/
020900, ERDA/560302, ERDA/560304, Intertidal
zone, Species diversity, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Oil pollution, Oil spills.
CONF-740638-
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
time it may be possible to dispose of the treated waste
in a nonreactive environment. The cost of this option is
comparable to that of the commonly used lime neutral-
ization of the acid drainage. Other experiments have
investigated, in considerable detail, the economic and
environmental advantages and disadvantages of co-
disposing the wastes with 37 naturally occurring soils
and industrial wastes. These methods look promising
only under certain conditions, but are in general an
order of magnitude less effective than existing controls
or the lime/limestone disposal method. (ERA citation
06:029887)
Keywords: 'Leachates, 'Mineral wastes, Aluminium,
Calcium oxides, Chemical analysis, Coal, Copper, Ex-
perimental data, Iron, Leaching, Limestone, Manga-
nese, Mineralogy. Nickel, Ph value, Pollution control,
Quantity ratio, Sulfur content, Toxicity, Trace amounts,
Waste disposal, Waste processing, Weathering,
ERDA/010600, ERDA/010800, ERDA/010900,
ERDA/510200.
DE81029955 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Interim Environmental Monitoring Report for the
Nevada Test Site, First Quarter 1981.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Aug 81,24p DOE/DP/00539-044, EPA-600/4-81 -073
Contract AI08-76DP00539
During the first calendar quarter of 1981, no radioactiv-
ity from the nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada
Test Site was measured offsite by the US Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Laboratory. Low concentrations of exp 95 Zr, exp
95 Nb, exp 103 Ru. and exp 141 Ce attributed to the
People s Republic of China nuclear test of October 15
I960, were detected in air samples throughout the Air
Surveillance Network. The maximum concentrations
of these radionuclides were less than 0.1 percent of
the Concentration Guides. The dosimeters of fixed sta-
tion at Complex I (Coal Valley) indicated an exposure
of 1.6 mR, and the dosimeters of two offsite residents,
one living at Glendale, Nev., and the other near Com-
plex I, (Coal Valley) appeared to have net exposures of
3.1 mR and 3.2 mR, respectively; however, further
evaluation revealed that the net exposures were not
due to an exposure from NTS operations, but may be a
statistical anomaly related to an unusually low varia-
tion in the environmental background exposure rate.
Further investigation is in progress. (ERA citation
06:032432)
Keywords: 'Nevada test site, Background radiation,
Data compilation, Fallout, Nuclear explosions, Radi-
ation doses, Radiation monitoring. ERDA/500300,
ERDA/510302, ERDA/520302.
DE81030813 PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, and C. Stroup. 1981, 6p CONF-810959-1
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
EPA/NCI annual collaborative workshop on environ-
mental and occupational cancer studies, Rockville,
MD, USA, 9Sep1981.
Sources of data for Chemicals Identified in Human Bio-
logical Media are from the world literature, retrospec-
tive to 1974. Information from approximately 1500 doc-
uments is in the data base at the present time. The
data base contains information on 750 chemicals. Ap-
proximately 250 of these were added since this time
last year. Approximately 10% of the total documents in
the file concerned pesticides; 30%, drugs; and 40%,
metals. The remaining 20% were about other sub-
stances, including industrial chemicals and organics
which are of interest to NCI and EPA. (ERA citation
06:035514)
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Man. 'Metals, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Pesticides, 'Solvents, Body burden, Con-
tamination, Data base management, Organs, Tissues,
ERDA/560306.
DE82002826 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Octane Pricing Scale. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1981,19pDOE/RG/10337-T1
Contract AI01-80RG10337
Under Executive Order No. 12044, Improving Govern-
ment Regulations, the Department of Energy is re-
quired to prepare a regulatory analysis of each regula-
tion issued by the agency which may ave a major eco-
nomic impact on the general economy, individual in-
dustries, geographical regions or levels of govern-
ment. This analysis has been prepared to establish the
economic impact of the mandatory petroleum price
regulations as proposed for revision under the title: Un-
leaded Gasoline Production Incentives, Docket No.
ERA-R-79-30. The purpose of the proposed amend-
ments is to increase the production of unleaded gaso-
line by US refineries. A regulatory analysis should ac-
count for both positive and negative economic im-
pacts. In this analysis negative impacts or costs are
defined as increased prices to consumer and positive
impacts or benefits are defined as the additional vol-
umes of gasoline produced as a result of the proposed
rule. In this analysis the three aspects of the proposed
rule are dealt with separately and in the following
order: 1. the production incentive; 2. the attribution to
gasoline of the cost of additives and chemicals used to
make gasolines; and 3. the replacement of the nearest
octane number provision by a requirement to use the
weighted average May 15, 1973 selling price for all
leaded gasoline as the base for computing the imputed
May 15, 1973, unleaded gasoline price. The imputed
price is then adjusted to reflect the octane number of
the specific unleaded gasoline sold. These three as-
pects of the proposed rule can be dealt with separately
because there is no necessary connection between
them. (ERA citation 07:003259)
Keywords: 'Unleaded gasoline, Antiknock ratings,
Economic impact, Financial incentives, Petroleum,
Pricing regulations, Production, ERDA/021000,
ERDA/020700.
DE82007897 MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Assessment of Risks to Human Reproduction and
to Development of the Human Conceptus from
Exposure to Environmental Substances.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
W, M. Galbraith, P. Voytek, and M. G. Ryon. Feb82,
165pORNL/EIS-197, EPA/600/9-82-001, CONF--
8010259-Summ.,, CONF-801286-Summ.
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
US Environmental Protection Agency conference on
assessment of risks to human reproduction, Atlanta,
GA, USA, 1 Oct 1980, Portions of document are illegi-
ble.
Available in microfiche only.
The Offices of Health Research and of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment within the Office of Research
and Development sponsored a conference to produce
a technical document on the current status of risk as-
sessment methodologies for teratogenic and other re-
productive effects. The conference brought together
scientists knowledgeable in reproductive biology and
teratology to discuss techniques and concepts perti-
nent to developing risk assessment methodologies.
The document is divided into three main subject areas:
assessment of toxicity to female reproduction, assess-
ment of toxicity to male reproduction, and assessment
of toxicity to the conceptus. There are three supple-
mental parts: pharmacokinetics and epidemiologic
considerations, which are common to all toxicological
assessments, and a special section on the behavioral
aspects of sexual development. The specific areas ad-
dressed are the potential adverse effects on the
female and male reproductive systems as well as ad-
verse effects on the developing conceptus. A broad
range of problems and effects are discussed, including
infertility, early resorption of the conceptus, and possi-
ble behavioral disorders producted by subtle changes
in the biochemical environment of the fetus. Sugges-
tions are given for improvement in standard lexicologi-
cal protocols for evaluation of reproductive risks, iden-
tifies new concepts and procedures that can be imme-
diately applicable, and designates those that need fur-
ther expansion and development through research. In-
cluded is a discussion on the predictive ability of the
tests in estimating risk. (ERA citation 07:051825)
Keywords: 'Toxic materials, 'Reproductive disorders,
Males, Females, Reproduction, Teratogens, Risk as-
sessment, Toxicity, Pharmacology, Epidemiology, Fe-
tuses, Behavior, Biological effects, Man, Ontogenesis,
ERDA/560306.
DE82010983 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes.
Fifth Annual Progress Report, October 1, 1979-
September 30,1980.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
R. C. Heaton, L. E. Wangen, P. L Wanek, J. M.
Williams, and E. F. Thode. May 81, 109p LA-8826-PR,
EPA-600/7-81-087
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
During the past year we continued our research on en-
vironmental control technologies as they relate to coal
preparation wastes and extended our assessments to
include studies of high-sulfur Appalachian coal clean-
ing wastes. The most promising control technology for
dealing with high-sulfur coal wastes consists of se-
quential slurry coating of the waste with lime and lime-
stone. Codisposal of coal wastes and alkaline soils or
mine overburdens is partly effective in controlling the
leachate quality under steady-state conditions. Com-
parisons between trace element concentrations pre-
dicted by chemical equilibrium models and those ob-
tained in experiments with coal waste leachates yield-
ed good agreements for the major cations (Al, Ca, Fe)
but, except for fluoride, the major anions were not well
accounted for. The observed trace element concentra-
tions were all significantly lower than predicted. Calci-
nation experiments have shown that high-sulfur coal
waste from Appalachia (Plant K) behaves differently
than other wastes we have studied. The high cost of
this technology ($1.39 to $9.84/ton product) places it
outside the realm of economic feasibility at this time.
We have also completed an assessment of the Plant K
coal wastes. These materials are similar to those from
the Illinois Basin and their leachates are often very
acidic, with pH values sometimes less than 2. Several
trace elements have shown discharge severities great-
er than unity (Fe, As, Ni, Mn, Al), but iron is by far the
worst offender, with values sometimes greater than
100. Results of the EPA Extraction Procedure, used to
classify solid wastes under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, compare favorably with those of our
own leaching experiments for those elements ana-
lyzed (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se). However, coal
wastes release substantial quantities of other trace
elements not included in the protocols at present (Fe.
Al, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu).
Keywords: 'Coal preparation plants, 'Mineral wastes,
'Aluminium, 'Calcium, 'Manganese, 'Iron, 'Cobalt,
'Nickel, "Copper, "Arsenic, 'Zinc, 'Cadmium, 'Seleni-
um, 'Silver, 'Barium, 'Chromium, 'Mercury, 'Lead,
'Potassium, 'Sodium, Pollution control, Feasibility
studies, Appalachia, Calcination, Limestone, Coatings,
Leaching, Trace amounts, Waste disposal, Chemical
analysis, Experimental data, Quantitative chemical
analysis, Research programs, ERDA/010800, ERDA/
010900.
DE82016319 MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, a
Data Base. Interim Report, May 1982 Volume IV.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, D. M. Opresko, and M. S.
Uziel. May 82, 452p EPA-560/5-82-002, ORNL/EIS-
163/V.4
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Microfiche only, copy does not permit paper copy re-
production.
Microfiche copies only.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media has been established under
the direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division in the
US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic
Substances. This centralized resource of body-burden
information has grown out of the concern of govern-
ment scientists over continuing reports of toxic chemi-
cals in human tissues and body fluids. Body burden is
a reflection of exposures to food, air, and water con-
taminants, as well as administration of Pharmaceuti-
cals. The systematic acquisition of body-burden data
will facilitate a more relevant assessment of human ex-
posure to xenobiotics than was previously possible
using environmental contamination levels, Data were
obtained primarily from the open literature (retrospec-
tive to 1974), and contains information on over 950 dif-
ferent substances. For the user's convenience, cross-
referenced chemical lists of CAS preferred names and
common names are provided. The human tissues and
body fluids found to be contaminated by these chemi-
cals are also listed. The data base is published annual-
1552 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ly in tabular format with indices and chemical listings
that allow specific searching. The file is now available
online in the US Department of Energy's RECON and
is being prepared for Lockheed's DIALOG. The pur-
pose of the data base is to provide a centralized re-
source of body-burden data. (ERA citation 08:016379)
Keywords: "Metals, 'Organic compounds, "Drugs,
'Body burden, Ingestion, Inhalation, Man, Contamina-
tion, Data base management, Indexes, Environmental
exposure pathway, Food, Surface air, Drinking water,
ERDA/560306, ERDA/500200. ERDA/510200,
ERDA/520200, ERDA/550600
DEB2900580 MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effects on
Vegetation. FlnalReport. Volume I: Summary.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
C. D. Sapp. Jul 81, 31p TVA/ONR/ARP-81 /5, EPA-
660/7-81-113
Available in microfiche only.
Three techniques for detecting and mapping sulfur di-
oxide (SO sub 2 ) effects on the foliage of sensitive
crops and trees near large, coal-fired power plants
were tested and evaluated. These techniques were
spectroradiometry, photometric analysis of aerial pho-
tographs, and computer analysis of airborne multi-
spectral scanner data. Spectroradiometry is a useful,
ground-based technique for measuring the changes in
reflectance that accompany exposure of sensitive
crops to SO sub 2 . Photometric analysis of aerial
color-infrared photographs has some practical advan-
tages for measuring the reflectances of forest species
or for synoptic point-sampling of extensive areas;
these tasks cannot be done effectively by field crews.
The relationships among reflectance, foliar injury, and
yield of crops are complex and are affected by many
extraneous variables such as canopy density. The SO
sub 2 effects are easier to detect on winter wheat than
on soybeans, but in either case they cannot be con-
sistently detected by airborne remote sensors except
under near-ideal conditions when the injury is moder-
ate to severe. Airborne multispectral scanner data cov-
ering affected soybean fields were analyzed using
three computer-assisted procedures: unsupervised,
supervised, and pseudosupervised; the last method
provided the best results. Landsat imagery was also in-
vestigated, but the foliar effects of SO sub 2 were too
subtle to detect from orbit. (ERA citation 07.005660)
Keywords: "Fossil-fuel power plants, "Soybeans,
"Sulfur dioxide, 'Trees, 'Wheat, Aerial surveying, Bio-
logical effects, Crops, Data analysis, Data compilation,
Environmental effects, Infrared thermography, injuries,
Landsat satellites, Leaves, Mapping, Multi-channel
analyzers, Multispectral scanners, Remote sensing,
Spectral reflectance, Spectrophotometry, Tennessee
valley region, ERDA/560303, ERDA/500200.
DE82900581 PC A13/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide Effects on
Vegetation. FlnafReport. Volume II: Data.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
C. 0. Sapp. Jul 81,280pTVA/ONH/ARP-81/6, EPA-
600/7-81-114
Three techniques for detecting and mapping sulfur-di-
oxide (SO sub 2 ) effects on the foliage of sensitive
crops and trees near large, coal-fired power plants
were tested and evaluated. These techniques were
spectroradiometry, photometric analysis of aerial pho-
tographs, and computer classification of airborne mul-
tispectral scanner data. Spectroradiometry is a useful,
ground-based technique for measuring the changes in
reflectance that accompany expsure of sensitive crops
to SO sub 2. Photometric analysis of aerial color-infra-
red photographs has some practical advantages for
measuring the reflectances of forest species or for
synoptic point-sampling of extensive areas; these
tasks cannot be done effectively by field crews. The
relationships among reflectance, foliar injury, and yield
of crops are complex and are affected by many extra-
neous variables such as canopy density, The SO sub 2
effects are easier to detect on winter wheat than on
soybeans, but in either case they cannot be consist-
ently detected by airborne remote sensors except
under near-ideal conditions when the injury is moder-
ate to severe. Airborne multispectral scanner data cov-
ering affected soybean fields were analyzed using
three computer-assisted classification procedures: un-
supervised, supervised, and pseudosupervised; the
last method provided the best results. Landsat imagery
was also investigated, but the foliar effects of SO sub 2
were too subtle to detect from orbit. (ERA citation
07:005661)
Keywords: "Fossil-fuel power plants, "Soybeans,
"Sulfur dioxide, "Wheat, Aerial surveying, Air pollution.
Biological effects, Coal, Data analysis, Data compila-
tion, Environmental effects. Foliar uptake. Graphs, In-
frared radiation, Infrared surveys, Infrared thermo-
graphy. Injuries, Landsat satellites, Leaves, Mapping,
Maps, Monitoring, Multi-channel analyzers, Multispec-
tral photography, Multispectral scanners, Pattern rec-
ognition, Plants, Remote sensing, Specifications,
Spectral reflectance, Spectrophotometry, Tables, Ten-
nessee valley region, Visible radiation, Yields, ERDA/
560303, ERDA/500200, ERDA/010900.
DEB2901401 PC A10/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Assessment of Bacteria and Virus Emissions at a
Refuse-Derived Fuel Plant and Other Waste-Han-
dling Facilities.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
D. E. Fiscus, P. G. Gorman, M. P. Schrag, and L. J.
Shannon. Aug 78, 216p EPA-600/2-78-152
The results of work carried out by Midwest Research
Institute for the Environmental Protection Agency to
determine relative levels of bacteria are presented in
order to compare these levels at the St. Louis Refuse
Processing Plant with thpse at four other types of
waste handling facilities (i.e., an incinerator, a waste
transfer station, a wastewater treatment plant, and a
landfill). This work also included testing to determine
bacterial removal efficiency of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency mobile fabric filter (baghouse) operat-
ing on a slipstream drawoff of the exhaust duct from
the air classifier at the St. Louis Refuse Processing
Plant. The results showed that airborne bacterial
levels, both in plant and at the property line, are gener-
ally higher for the refuse processing plant than for the
other types of waste handling facilities that were
tested. A fabric filter system applied to a primary
source of dust emission (the air density separation ex-
haust) at the refuse derived fuel plant can significantly
reduce particulate bacteria emissions.
Keywords: 'Refuse-fueled power plants, 'Incinerators,
"Waste processing plants, 'Water treatment plants,
"Sanitary landfills, "Bacteria, "Viruses, "Fabric filters,
Waste water, Comparative evaluations, Chemical ef-
fluents. Monitoring, Baghouses, Performance testing,
ERDA/500200, ERDA/090400, ERDA/550700.
DE82904686 PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Microprocessor-Controlled lon-Setoctlve-Elec-
trode Determination of Total Chlorine.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Natural Resources.
L. H. Howe, R. E. Hadley, and G. A. Fischer. Mar 82,
196p TVA/ONR/NRO-82/4, EPA-600/7-82-005
A microprocessor-controlled ion selective electrode
(MC) method was evaluated and compared to the for-
ward amperometric titration (AT) method for determin-
ing total chlorine in condenser cooling river from coal-
burning electric plants. The effective range for quantifi-
cation by the MC method is from the minimum detec-
tion limit (MNDL) of 6.5 mu g/1 chlorine for unspiked
condenser water and 13.3 mu g/1 chlorine for spiked
condenser water to 100 mu g/1 chlorine. Interferences
by zinc(ll), copper(ll), iron(lll), arsenic(lll), and
manganese(VII) are discussed. The pH, chromium(VI),
mercury(ll), bromide, and arsenic(V) do not interfere
with measurement of total chlorine. For both unspiked
and spiked condenser water, the overall pooled stand-
ard deviation and overall mean percentage relative
standard deviation for concentrations from 20 to 200
mu g/1 chlorine are tower for the MC method than the
AT method. Standard deviations are discussed for the
MC method for concentrations from 2 to 20 mu a/1
chlorine. (ERA citation 07:055090)
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Fossil-fuel power plants, Micro-
processors, Ion selective electrode analysis, Titration
Comparative evaluations, Rivers, Cooling systems,
Interfering elements, Zinc, Copper, Iron, Arsenic, Man-
ganese, Chromium, Bromides, Ph value, Errors, Exper-
imental data, Trace amounts, Environmental effects,
ERDA/520200.
DE82905817 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK.
Proceedings of the First National Ground-Water-
Quallty-Monltorlng Symposium and Exposition.
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
1981, 94p CONF-8105118-
Groundwater monitoring symposium, Columbus, OH,
USA, 29 May 1981, Portions of document are illegible.
Separate abstracts were prepared for 8 of the 14
papers in this proceedings of the First National Ground
Water Quality Monitoring Conference and Exposition.
The six papers not abstracted include two papers on
radioactive waste disposal that are already in the EDB
data base, and four papers dealing with regulations
and significance testing of ground water monitoring.
(ERA citation 08:008333)
Keywords: "Water quality, "Water pollution, 'Soils.
"Aquifers, Ground water, Meetings, Monitoring, Lead-
ing abstract, Resource recovery acts, Us epa, Waste
disposal, Hydrology, Environmental transport, Sam-
pling, ERDA/520200.
DE82906066 PCA11/MFA01
Economics of Ash Disposal at Coal-Fired Power
Plants.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
F. M. Kennedy, A. C. Schroeder, and J. D. Veitch. Oct
81,236p EPA-600/7-81-170, TVA/OP/EDT-81/34
Portions of document are illegible.
The comparative economics of utility ash disposal by
five conceptual design variations of ponding and land-
fill were evaluated for a 500-MW power plant produc-
ing 5 million tons of ash over the life-of-project. For a
basic pond disposal without water reuse, the total cap-
ital investment from hopper collection through one-
mile sluicing and pond disposal is S52/KW (1982$).
Comparable total system investment using trucking to
a landfill is S30/KW. All disposal site construction
costs were fully capitalized in both cases and this con-
vention affects the comparison of annual revenue re-
quirements. First-year annual revenue requirements
for the ponding system are 1.85 mills/kWh (1984$),
while those for the landfill system are lower at 1.66
mills/kWh. On the other hand, levelized annual reve-
nue requirements are 2.26 mills/kWh and 2.42 mills/
kWh respectively. Disposal site costs are the major
element in all types of disposal and constituted the
major difference in cost between pond and landfill dis-
posal. Reuse of sluicing water and additional provi-
sions for the disposal of self-hardening (high calcium
oxide) ash added relatively little to costs. (ERA citation
07:059137)
Keywords: 'Fossil-fuel power plants, 'Ashes, 'Waste
disposal, "Coal, Economics, Comparative evaluations,
Ponds, Sanitary landfills, Numerical data, Fly ash, Ma-
terials handling, Usa, Combustion, Waste product utili-
zation, Electric utilities, ERDA/010800, ERDA/
200200.
DE83001761 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Inventory of Federal Energy-Related Environment
and Safety Research for Fiscal Year 1980. Volume
I. Executive Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1980,72p DOE/EV/10034-T1-V.1-Exec.Sum.
Contract AI01-79EV10034
Portions of document are illegible.
The FY 1980 Federal Inventory contains information
on 3603 federally funded energy-related environmen-
tal, health, and safety research projects. The Inventory
is published in two volumes: Volume I, an executive
summary and overview of the data; and Volume II,
project listings, summaries, and indexes. Project infor-
mation for the FY 1980 Inventory was collected from
federal agencies using a questionnaire, that is a revi-
sion of the FY 1979 questionnaire format, designed to
aid the respondent and to provide a more accurate and
meaningful expression of project data. Federal office*
submitting project data were: Council on Environmen-
tal Quality; Department of Agriculture; Department of
Commerce; Department of Defense; Department of
Energy; Department of Health and Human Services;
December 1983 1553
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Department of Housing and Urban Development; De-
partment of the Interior; Environmental Protection
Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion; National Science Foundation; Nuclear Regulatory
Commission; Office of Technology Assessment; and,
Tennessee Valley Authority. In addition to providing an
overview of federally funded energy-related environ-
mental, health, and safety research, the Inventory also
Indicates research sponsored by various federal agen-
cies and the amount of funding provided by each in
various research categories. The format and indexes
employed in the Inventory allow for efficient access to
Information compiled. Appendix A provides directions
for user access to the Federal Inventory Data Base.
Appendix B is a sample of the questionnaire used. Ap-
pendix C provides a complete list of responding and
funding agency abbreviations. (ERA citation
08:002387)
Keywords; *Public health, 'Research programs, "Envi-
ronment, 'Energy, Reviews, Occupational safety, Us
doi, Us doa, Us doe, Us doc, Us dod, Us hud, Us hew,
Us epa, Nasa, Us nrc, Us ota, Tennessee valley au-
thority, National science foundation, Us ceq, Data
compilation, Federal expenditures, ERDA/290300.
DE83002497 PC A06/MF A01
Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Co., Inc., Las
Vedas, NV.
Offslte Environmental Monitoring Report. Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1981.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
S. C. Black, R. F. Grossman, A. A. Mullen, G. D. Potter,
and D. D. Smith. Aug 82,123p EPA-600/4-82-061,
DOE/DP/00539-046
Contract AI08-76DP00539
This report, prepared in accordance with the guide-
lines in DOE/E-0023 (DOE 1981), covers the program
activities conducted around Nevada Test Site (NTS)
for calendar year 1981. It contains descriptions of per-
tinent features of the NTS and its environs, summaries
Of the dosimetry and sampling methods, analytical pro-
cedures, and the analytical results from environmental
measurements. Where applicable, dosimetry and sam-
pling data are compared to appropriate guides for ex-
ternal and internal exposures of humans to ionizing ra-
diation. The monitoring networks detected no radioac-
tivity in the various media which could be attributed to
US nuclear testing. Small amounts of fission products
were detected in air samples as a result of the Peo-
ple's Republic of China nuclear test and atmospheric
krypton-85 increased, following the trend beginning in
1960, due to increased use of nuclear technology.
Strontium-90 in milk and cesium-137 in meat samples
continued the slow decline as observed for the last
several years. (ERA citation 08:006092)
Keywords: 'Nevada, 'Human populations, 'Tritium,
•Cobalt 60, 'Ruthenium 106, 'Cesium 134, 'Cesium
137, 'Beryllium 7, 'Surface air, 'Water, 'Milk, 'Ruthe-
nium 103, 'Niobium 95, "Zirconium 95, 'Cerium 141,
•Cerium 144, 'Iodine 131, 'Xenon 133, 'Xenon 135,
•Strontium 90, 'Meat, 'Krypton 85, 'Plutonium 239,
Radiation monitoring, Radiation doses, Experimental
data, Sampling, External irradiation, Internal irradia-
tion, Nevada test site, Comparative evaluations, Qual-
ity assurance. Radioactive aerosols. Radioactivity,
Maps, Nuclear explosions, Fallout, ERDA/510300,
ERDA/500300, ERDA/520300, ERDA/560151.
DE83003354 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Animal Investigation Program 1980 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. Aug 82,
63p DOE/DP/00539-045, EPA-600/3-82-077
Contract AI08-76DP00539
ata are presented from the radioanalyses of tissues
collected from cattle, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep,
rabbits, and a horse that resided on or near the
Nevada Test Site during 1980. Routine and special ac-
tivities of the Animal Investigation Program are also
discussed. Other than the naturally occurring exp 40 K,
gamma-emitting radionuclides were detected infre-
quently, exp 131 I was found in the thyroid of a deer 3
weeks after a nuclear test by the People's Republic of
China. Concentrations of exp 90 Sr in bones from deer,
cattle, and desert bighorn sheep were similar to those
of recent years. Plutonium levels in all tissues from all
species showed little variation from those levels in
samples collected in recent years. Radipnuclide con-
centrations were generally higher in the tissues of ani-
mals residing in Area 15 than in similar animals collect-
ed from other Nevada Test Site areas. Surface soil
samples from the Area 15 farm contained exp 238 Pu
and exp 239 Pu in nanocurie per kilogram concentra-
tions. Hypothetical annual dose estimates to man were
calculated on the basis of the daily consumption of 0.5
kilogram of liver or muscle from animals that contained
peak radionuclide levels. The highest postulated dose
was 0.4 millirems to whole body for exp 137 Cs in
muscle obtained from cattle. This dose is about 0.1
percent of the 500 millirems per year radiation protec-
tion guide for individuals in the general population. All
other postulated doses for consumption of tissues
containing other radionuclides were less than 0.1 per-
cent of the standard. (ERA citation 08:008314)
Keywords: 'Nevada test site, 'Deer, 'Cattle, 'Sheep,
'Horses, 'Rabbits, 'Soils, 'Ground water, 'Strontium
90, 'Tritium, 'Plutonium 238, 'Plutonium 239, 'Stronti-
um 89, Radiation monitoring, ERDA/510300.
DE83005166 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Methods of Removing Uranium from Drinking
Water. I. A Literature Survey. II. Present Municipal
Water Treatment and Potential Removal Methods.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, D. Michelson, J. T. Ensniinger, S. Y. Lee,
and S. K. White. Dec 82,101 p EPA-570/9-82-003,
ORNL/EIS-194
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This report is divided into two sections, each of which
was abstracted and indexed for EDB/ERA/INIS. (ERA
citation 08:013084)
Keywords: "Uranium, "Drinking water, Removal, Water
supply, Leading abstract. Purification, ERDA/520300,
ERDA/400105.
DE83006367 PC A16/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media: A
Data Base. Fourth Annual Report, October 1982.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, D. M. Opresko, and M. S.
Uziel. Dec 82, 360pORNL/EIS-163-V.5-Pt.1, EPA-
560/5-82-003A
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Printed copy available until stock is exhausted.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established. This two-part volume is the annual
publication of the data base for 1982. Data were ob-
tained primarily from the open literature through
manual searches (retrospective to 1974. The data
base now contains information on over 1000 different
substances, all of which are listed by Chemical Ab-
stracts Service (CAS) preferred names. The data base
is published annually in tabular format with indices and
chemical listings that allow specific searching. The
purpose of the data base is to provide a centralized re-
source of body-burden data, and in no way is it intend-
ed to obviate the need for the user to ultimately refer to
the original literature or data source. (ERA citation
08:021899)
Keywords: 'Tissues, Body burden, Data compilation,
Man, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Metals, Chemical composition, Drugs, ERDA/550200.
DE83006368 PC A19/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Feral and Food Animals: A
Data Base. Volume II. Records 533-1515. Second
Annual Report, October 1982.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, R. A. Faust, and M. F. Baldauf. Dec 82,
426p EPA-560/5-82-004, ORNL/EIS-196-V.2
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Printed copy available until stock is exhausted.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
feral and food animals has been established. This
effort has grown out of the concern over continuing re-
ports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Feral populations and food animals are regard-
ed as indicators of environmental contamination and
subsequent human body burden. This data file is a
companion to Chemicals Identified in Human Biologi-
cal Media, A Data Base, and follows basically the
same format. Data were obtained primarily from the
open literature through manual searches (retrospec-
tive to 1979). The data base contains information on
134 different substances. (ERA citation 08:021827)
Keywords: "Animals, Toxic materials, Chemical com-
position, Tissues, Data compilation, ERDA/510200.
DE83006369 PC A21/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media: A
Data Base. Fourth Annual Report.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, D. M. Opresko, and M. S
Uziel. Oct 82, 480pORNL/EIS-163-V.5-Pt.2, EPA-
56015-82-003B
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established. This two-part volume is the annual
publication of the data base for 1982. Data were ob-
tained primarily from the open literature through
manual searches (retrospective to 1974). The data
base now contains information on over 1000 different
substances, all of which are listed by Chemical Ab-
stracts Service (CAS) preferred names. The data base
is published annually in tabular format with indices and
chemical listings that allow specific searching. The
purpose of the data base is to provide a centralized re-
source of body-burden data, and in no way is it intend-
ed to obviate the need for the user to ultimately refer to
the original literature or data source. (ERA citation
08:021900)
Keywords: "Tissues, Body burden, Data compilation,
Man, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Metals, Chemical composition, Drugs, ERDA/550200
DE83007323 PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Survey of Coals Treated by Oxydesulfurization.
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA. Pittsburgh
Energy Technology Center.
R. P. Warzinski.J. A. R'
. Ruether, S. Friedman, and F W
Steffgen. Apr 79, 24p EPA-600/7-79-098b-V.2, CONF-
7809119-3
EPA symposium on coal cleaning to achieve energy
and environmental goals, Hollywood, FL, USA, 11 Sep
1978, Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The feasibility of using only compressed air and water
at elevated temperature to reduce the sulfur content of
coal has been demonstrated in autoclave experimen-
tation at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center for
various coals from most of the major coal basins in the
United States. This air/water oxydesulfurization con-
sistently removes in excess of 90 percent of the pyritic
sulfur and has the potential for reducing the organic
sulfur content by up to 40 percent. The sulfur liberated
from coal by this reaction is present in the aqueous ef-
fluent as dilute sulfuric acid which can be neutralized
with limestone. Under certain reaction conditions
pyrite forms a jarosite intermediate which reports as
organic sulfur in chemical analysis. Extent of organic
sulfur removal and loss of heating value increase with
temperature in the range 170 exp 0 -200 exp 0 C. (ERA
citation 08:022992)
Keywords: "Pittsburgh oxydesulfurization process,
'Coal, Coal preparation, Feasibility studies, Auto-
claves, Temperature dependence, Organic sulfur com-
pounds, Air, Water, Pressure dependence, Pyrite, Oxi-
dation, Heat losses, Time dependence, Chemical re-
actions, Comparative evaluations, Sulfur content,
Sulfur, Chemical state, Ashes, Calorific value, Coal
rank, Correlations, Chemical reactors, Flowsheets, Ex-
perimental data, ERDA/013000, ERDA/010600.
DE83012571 MF A01.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Evaluation of Hazardous-Waste Incineration In a
Cement Kiln at San Juan Cement.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. A. Peters, T. W. Hughes, and R. E. Mournighan.
1983,22pMLM-3071-(OP),CONF-830587-1
Contract AC04-76DP00053
1554 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annual research symposium on land disposal, inciner-
ation and treatment of hazardous waste, Ft. Mitchell,
KY, USA, 2 May 1983, Microfiche only, copy does not
permit paper copy reproduction.
Some attractive alternatives to hazardous waste incin-
eration which make use of a waste's heat content are
cofiring of hazardous wastes in high temperature in-
dustrial processes. Many such processes, which in-
clude cement and dolomite kilms, glass furnaces, steel
furnaces, and some industrial boilers, provide condi-
tions of temperature and residence time similar to
those required for dedicated hazardous waste inciner-
ators. In addition to the savings derived from the heat
value, the use of existing industrial processes requires
less capital to process a given amount of hazardous
waste. The ability of a cement kiln to destroy wastes
was evaluated. Data was collected to formulate per-
mitting criteria, and to evaluate the kiln's ability to
remove the HCI combustion product. A sampling pro-
gram was conducted during the burning of the hazard-
ous waste. The primary goal of the program was to
evaluate the effects of various waste parameters on
the destruction efficiency of Principal Organic Hazard-
ous Components (POHC's), and change in emissions
of paniculate matter, hydrocarbons, CO, SO sub 2 ,
NO/sub x/, and HCI. Secondary objectives were to
detect and quantify the Products of Incomplete Com-
bustion (PIC s), chlorinated dibenzofurans, chlorinated
dibenzodioxins, trace metals and heavy organics. Re-
sults show lower destruction and removal efficiencies,
no change in paniculate emissions, and significant
changes in SO sub 2 and NO/sub x/ emissions, (ERA
citation 06:039346)
Keywords: 'Hazardous Materials, 'Incinerators, 'Hy-
drocarbons, 'Carbon Monoxide, 'Sulfur Dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen Oxides, 'Hydrochloric Acid, 'Benzofurans,
'Dioxin, 'Organic Chlorine Compounds, Waste Dis-
posal, Combustion Products, Combustion, Air Pollu-
tion, Particulates, Quantitative Chemical Analysis,
Metals, Trace Amounts, Kilns, Environmental Impacts,
ERDA/500200.
DE83014397 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Animal Investigation Program, 1981 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, and K. R. Giles. 1982, 71p DOE/DP/
00539-047, EPA-600/3-83-014
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Data are presented from the radioanalysis of tissues,
collected from animals that resided on or near the
Nevada Test Site (NTS). Other than naturally occurring
potassium-40. cesium-137 was the only gamma-emit-
ting radionuclide frequently detected and was within a
narrow range of activity. For example, 12 of 14 cattle
muscle samples contained 15 to 65 pCi of cesium-137
per kilogram. Strontium-90 and plutonium-238 or -239
tissue concentrations were similar to those of recent
years. Nanocurie levels of tritium were found in tissue
from two deer that drank contaminated water draining
from the tunnel test areas. Annual dose estimates to
man were calculated based on the daily consumption
of 0.5 kg of tissue with peak radionuclide levels. The
highest postulated dose was 45 millirems to the whole
body from ingestion of deer muscle that drank from the
tritium contaminated waters. This dose is about 9% of
the radiation protection guide. Movement of deer on
the NTS is discussed. In general, deer from Pahute
Mesa winter in the Timber Mt. area with some move-
ment off the NTS. while deer from Rainier Mesa winter
in the Shoshone Mt. area. The sudden death of an off-
site goat kid was investigated and death was attributed
to enterotoxemia. No gross or microscopic lesions in
necropsied animals were found that could be attrib-
uted to the effect of ionizing radiation. (ERA citation
08:042230)
Keywords: 'Wild Animals, 'Cattle, 'Cesium 137,
•Strontium 90, "Plutonium 238, 'Plutonium 239,
Nevada Test Site, Goats. Deer, Horses, Radioecologi-
cal Concentration, Man, Radiation Doses, Environ-
mental Exposure Pathway, Behavior, Pathology, Body
Burden, Sampling, Contamination, Experimental Data,
FRDA/510302.
DES3900061 PC A07/MF A01
Forced-Oxidation Demonstration at the TVA
Widows Creek Unit 8 FGD System.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Office of
Power.
J. G. Patterson, G, T, Munson, R, A. Runyan, J. D.
Veitch, and W. L. Wells. May 82,139p TVA/OP/EDT-
82/15, EPA-600/7-82-043 ,(
To assess landfill as an alternative to pond waste dis-
posal TVA evaluated forced oxidation in a 140-MW
train of the Widows Creek Steam Plant unit 8 venturi -
spray tower limestone flue-gas desulfurization (FGD)
system. Oxidation by air sparging in the agitated hold
tanks of both the venturi and spray tower absorber
consistently produced over 95% oxidation at com-
bined total air rates of 2 Ib atoms 0/lb mole SO sub 2
absorbed. Oxidation only in the venturi hold tank pro-
duced less consistent results because of carryover
mixing of the liquid in the two tanks. Also, lower air
rates had to be used in the venturi hold tank because
the tank was smaller. Oxidation levels above 95% per-
mitted dewatering to over 80% solids using a thickener
and rotary drum vacuum filter. The dewatered waste
was easily handled as a solid. SO sub 2 removal and
FGD system operating characteristics were unaffect-
ed. Forced oxidation appears to be a practical method
of producing a solid waste in the unit 8 FGD system.
(ERA citation 08:006060)
Keywords: 'Widows creek steam plant, 'Flue gas,
Waste disposal, Sanitary landfills, Ponds, Sulfur diox-
ide, Desulfurization, Venturi tubes, Oxidation, Adsorp-
tion, Water removal, Sprays, Solid wastes, Waste
processing, Lime-limestone wet scrubbing processes,
Calcium compounds, Sulfites, Gypsum, Pn value, Sul-
fates, Experimental data, Mathematical models, Com-
parative evaluations, Cost, ERDA/500200, ERDA/
010900, ERDA/010800.
OE83900199 PC A02/MF A01
Metal-Coll Surface-Coating Industry: Background
Information for Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
D. R. Goodwin. Oct 82,19p EPA-450/3-80-035b
On January 5,1981, the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) proposed standards of performance for
metal coil surface coating operations (45 FR 1102)
under authority of Section III of the Clean Air Act.
Public comments were requested on the proposal in
the Federal Register. There were seven commenters,
composed mainly of coil coaters and coating manufac-
turers. Also commenting were the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency and the US Department of the Inte-
rior. Two presentations were made at the public hear-
ing on February 4,1981. The comments that were sub-
mitted, along with responses to these comments, are
summarized in this document. The summary of com-
ments and responses serves as the basis for the revi-
sions made to the standards between proposal and
promulgation. (ERA citation 08:006169)
Keywords: 'Surface coating, 'Clean air act, 'Environ-
mental impact statements, 'Electric coils, Hearings,
Standards, Industry, Implementation, Organic com-
pounds, Vapors, Air pollution abatement, ERDA/
530300, ERDA/500600.
DE83901674 PC A08/MF A01
Optimization of Biological Recycling of Plant Nu-
trients In Livestock Waste by Utilizing Waste Heat
from Cooling Water.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Agricultural Development.
J. J. Maddox, L. L. Behrends, D. W. Burch, J. B.
Kingsley, and E. L. Waddell, Jr. May 82,155pTVA/
PUB-83/28, EPA-600/7-82-041
Results are presented from a 5-year study to develop
aquatic methods which beneficially use condenser
cooling water from electric generating power plants A
method is proposed which uses a system for aquatic
farming. Livestock waste is used to fertilize planktonic
algae production and filter-feeding fish are used to bio-
logically harvest the algae, condenser cooling water
(simulated) is used to add waste heat to the system.
and emergent aquatic plants are used in a flow through
series as a bio-filter to improve the water quality and
produce an acceptable discharge. Two modes of oper-
ation were tested; one uses untreated swine manure
as the source of aquatic fertilizer and the other uses
anaerobic digester waste as a means of pretreating
the manure to produce an organic fertilizer. A set of
operating conditions (temperature, retention time, fish
stocking rate, fertilizer rates, land and water require-
ments, suggested fish and plant species, and facility
design) were developed from these results. The inte-
grated system allows continual use of power plant con-
denser cooling water from plants in the southeastern
United States. (ERA citation 08:021855)
Keywords: 'Thermal power plants, 'Aquaculture,
'Fishes, Coolants, Water, Uses, Manures, Swine,
Algae, Waste heat, Water quality, Fertilizers, Anaero-
bic digestion, Experimental data, Recycling, Economic
analysis, Environmental impacts, Seasonal variations,
Biogas process, Condensers, Nutrients, ERDA/
520100, ERDA/320304, ERDA/200201.
DOE/CS-0031 MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Vanpoollng: An Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
R. Gray, L. Pratsch, and R. Starling. May 78, 75p
Microfiche copies only.
In April 1973, the 3M Company of St. Paul. Minnesota
initiated the first employer-sponsored commuter-van
program in the United States. Since that time and often
following 3M's example, over 100 employers have
sponsored vanpool programs. In addition, two other
significant types of vanpool programs are operating:
the third-party approach, where vans are provided and
vanpools organized by other than the employer or em-
ployee; and the individually owned and operated ap-
proach, where a commuter provides the van and orga-
nizes the vanpool. The purpose of this booklet is two-
fold: (1) to present in one source the current data on a
cross-section of vanpool programs; and (2) to allow
prospective vanpool sponsors to analyze and compare
the various approaches used by those programs al-
ready in operation. The key characteristic of vanpool
programs is that each is a unique adaptation to a par-
ticular situation. A Knowledge of these possible vari-
ations should prove helpful to an employer planning to
embark on a vanpool project. (ERA citation
03:048121)
Keywords: 'Industry, 'USA, 'Vanpooling, Bibliogra-
phies, Cost, Data compilation. Education, Efficiency,
Energy conservation, Evaluation, Implementation, In-
ormation, Minnesota, Resources, ERDA/291000,
ERDA/298000, ERDA/320203.
DOE/DP/0059-038 PC AOS/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Animal Investigation Program 1978 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.
D. D. Smith, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. R. Giles. Dec 80,
78p EPA-600/3-80-096
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Data are presented from the radioanalyses of tissues
collected from cattle, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep,
rabbits, golden eagles, and other wildlife that resided
on or near the Nevada Test Site during 1978. Routine
and special activities of the Animal Investigation Pro-
gram are also discussed. Other than the naturally oc-
curring Potassium-40, gamma-emitting radionuclides
were detected infrequently with the exception of short-
lived radionuclides found in samples from animals col-
lected soon after March 14 (the date of a nuclear test
by the People's Republic of China). Strontium-90 con-
centrations in bones from deer, cattle, and desert big-
horn sheep were consistent with those of recent years.
Tritium concentrations were generally within expected
environmental limits with the exception of animals ex-
posed to sources of contamination; e.g., drainage
ponds from Area 12 tunnels. Plutonium levels in all tis-
sues from all species showed little variation from
recent years. However, cattle tissue sampled in the fall
were higher than those collected in the spring. Radio-
nuclide tissue concentrations were generally higher in
the tissues of animals residing in Area 15 than in simi-
lar animals collected from other Nevada Test Site
areas. Hypothetical dose estimates to man were cal-
culated on the basis of the daily consumption of 0.5
kilogram of liver or muscle from animals that contained
peak radionuclide levels. The movements of 13 mute
deer outfitted with collars containing a radio transmit-
ter unit were monitored on a weekly basis. No gross or
microscopic lesions were found in necropsied animals
December 1983 1555
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that could be directly attributed to the effects of ioniz-
ing radiation. (ERA citation 06:012794)
Keywords: 'Cattle, 'Nevada test site, "Radioisotopes,
'Tissues, 'Wild animals, Behavior, Bioassay, Contami-
nation, Deer, Experimental data, Plutonium, Radiation
doses, Radioecological concentration. Strontium 90,
Tritium, ERDA/510302.
DOE/ER/10035-2 PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment for the Satellite
Power System-Concept Development and Evalua-
tion Program-Microwave Health and Ecological
Effect*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
NovBO, 146p
Contract AT01-79ER10035
This report is concerned with the potential health and
ecological effects of the microwave beam from the
microwave power transmission system (MPTS) of the
satellite power system (SPS). The report is written in
the form of a detailed critical review of selected scien-
tific articles from the published literature on the biologi-
cal effects of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation,
followed by an assessment of the possible effects of
the SPS, based on exposure values for the reference
system (US DOE and NASA, 1978). (ERA citation
06:007130)
Keywords: 'Electromagnetic radiation, 'Microwave
power transmission, 'Microwave radiation, "Orbital
solar power plants, Biological effects, Environmental
impacts, Human populations, Occupational safety,
Personnel, Reviews, ERDA/140400, ERDA/560400,
ERDA/200300, ERDA/299001.
EMSL-LV-0539-10 PC A06/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Animal Investigation Program 1974 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. R.
Brown. Jun 77,109p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
Data are presented from the radioanalysis of tissues
collected from cattle, deer, desert bighorn sheep, and
other wildlife that resided on or near the Nevada Test
Site during 1974. Routine activities and special investi-
gations of the Animal Investigation Program are also
discussed. Other than the naturally occurring potassi-
um-40, gamma-emitting radionuclides were detected
infrequently. For example, cesium-137 was found only
in the muscle tissues from 3 of the 12 Nevada Test
Site cattle sampled during 1974. Tritium concentra-
tions in the tissues from most of the animals sampled
are at background levels. Animals from the experimen-
tal farm tended to have slightly higher concentrations
than those sampled at other locations on the Nevada
Test Site. Strontium-90 levels in bones from deer,
desert bighorn sheep, and cattle were slightly lower
than those reported for the preceding year. A graph
depicts the average levels found in the bones of the
three species from 1956 through 1974. (ERA citation
02:049790)
Keywords: 'Cattle, 'Cesium 137, 'Deer, 'Nevada test
site, "Sheep, 'Strontium 90, 'Tritium, 'Wild animals,
Environment, Radiation monitoring, Radioactivity,
Sampling, Tissue distribution, Tissues, ERDA/510302,
ERDA/560162, Bioaccumulation.
EMSL-LV-0539-12 PC A07/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report for the
Nevada Test Site and Other Test Areas Used for
Underground Nuclear Detonations, January-De-
cember 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
May 77,138p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
During 1976, the monitoring of gamma radiation levels
in the environs of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) was con-
tinued through the use of an off-site network of radi-
ation dosimeters and gamma-rate recorders. Concen-
trations of radionuclides in pertinent environmental
media were also continuously or periodically moni-
tored by established air, milk, and water sampling net-
works. Before each underground nuclear detonation,
mobile radiation monitors, equipped with radiation
monitoring instruments and sampling equipment, were
on standby in off-NTS locations to respond to any acci-
dental release of airborne radioactivity. An airplane
was airborne near the test area at detonation time to
undertake tracking and sampling of any release which
might occur. All radioactivity from the underground nu-
clear tests was contained except for a total of about 91
curies (Ci) of radioactivity which was reported by
ERDA/NV as being released intermittently throughout
the year and small undetermined amounts of tritium
and exp 85 Kr which slowly seep to the surface from
the underground test areas. The only off-NTS indica-
tion of this radioactivity was determined from an air
sample collected at Death Valley Junction during the
period August 24-31. This sample had a exp 3 H in air
concentration of 2.7 x 10 exp -11 mu Ci/ml above
background. (ERA citation 02:049741)
Keywords: 'Milk, 'Nevada test site, 'Nuclear explo-
sions, 'Surface air, 'Surface waters, Contained explo-
sions, Environment, Environmental effects, Environ-
mental transport. Gamma sources, Krypton 85,
Nevada, Radiation monitoring, Radioactivity, Sam-
pling, Tritium, Underground explosions, ERDA/
500300, ERDA/520300, ERDA/510302, ERDA/
450201, ERDA/450202.
EMSL-LV-0539-20 PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Animal Investigation Program 1976 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV. En-
vironmental Monitoring and Support Lab. Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and K. W.
Brown. Nov 78,119p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
Data are presented from the radioanalysis of tissues
collected from cattle and mule deer, desert bighorn
sheep, feral horses, and other wildlife that resided on
or near the Nevada Test Site during 1976. Other than
the naturally occurring potassium-40, gamma-emitting
radionuclides were detected infrequently with the ex-
ception of exp 131 I in animal thyroid samples collect-
ed after September 25 (the date of a Chinese nuclear
test). Stror>tium-90 concentrations in bones from deer,
cattle, and desert bighorn sheep continued the down-
ward trend of recent years, tritium concentrations
were generally within ambient limits with the exception
of animals exposed to sources of contamination; e.g.,
Sedan Crater, drainage ponds from Area 12 tunnels,
etc. Analysis of actinide in tissues was emphasized
during 1976. Graphs illustrate the exp 239 P levels in
lungs, livers, and femurs from Nevada Test Site beef
cattle for the years 1971 through 1976. Femur and
lung residue data are nearly identical for each year
with liver concentrations being a factor of 2 or 3 lower.
Hypothetical dose estimates to man were calculated
on the basis of the daily consumption of 0.5 kilogram
of liver or muscle from animals that contained peak
actinide levels. The highest postulated dose was 11
millirem from tritium from tissues for a mule deer. This
dose is about 2% of the 500 millirems/year guide for
radiation doses to an individual in the general public.
All other postulated doses for consumption of the
tissue containing other radionuclides are less than
0.1 % of this guide. The food habits of desert bighorn
sheep were discussed according to the geographic lo-
cations of the animals at time of collection. Grasses
made up approximately 60% of the diet at all locations,
with shrubs content approaching 30%, and the re-
mainder consisting of various forbs. The movement of
13 mule deer fitted with collars containing a radiotrans-
mitter unit was monitored on a weekly basis. (ERA cita-
tion 04:020350)
Keywords: 'Cattle, 'Deer, 'Food chains, 'Gamma
sources, 'Horses, 'Human populations, 'Iodine 131,
'Plutonium 239, 'Sheep, 'Strontium 90, 'Tritium,
"Wild animals, Contamination, Diet, Environmental ex-
posure pathway, Femur, Liver, Lungs, Nevada test
site, Population dynamics, Radiation doses, Radiation
monitoring, Radioecological concentration, Radionu-
clide kinetics, Skeleton, Thyroid, ERDA/510302,
ERDA/560172, ERDA/560171.
EMSL-LV-0539-3 PC A05/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Animal Investigation Program 1973 Annual
Report: Nevada Test Site and Vicinity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. May 77,
94p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
Data are presented from the radioanalysis of tissues
collected from cattle, deer, desert bighorn sheep, and
other wildlife that resided on or near the Nevada Test
Site during 1973. Routine activities and special investi-
gations are discussed, lodine-131 was detected in the
thyroid of a Nevada Test Site mule deer. The postulat-
ed source was worldwide fallout from a nuclear deto-
nation conducted by the People's Republic of China.
Other than the naturally occurring potassium-40,
cesium-137 was the only gamma-emitting radionuclide
detected with any consistency in soft tissues. Nine
muscle samples from the Nevada Test Site beef herd
contained levels of cesium-137 ranging from 14 to 50
pCi/kilogram. Muscle from two deer contained 20 and
30 pCi/kilogram. Rabbit muscle contained 200 pCi/
kilogram and muscle from a feral horse contained 40
pCi/kilogram. Tritium levels in all animal tissues sam-
pled were at background except for animals residing at
the Area 15 farm and for a feral horse. Postulated
sources of these exposures are discussed. The stronti-
um content in bones continued the downward trend
observed during recent years. (ERA citation
02:049789)
Keywords: 'Cesium 137, 'Iodine 131, 'Nevada test
site, 'Plutonium 236, 'Plutonium 239, 'Potassium 40,
'Tritium, 'Uranium 234, 'Uranium 235, 'Uranium 238]
'Wild animals, Cattle, Environment, Environmental
transport. Radiation monitoring, Radioactivity, Radio-
nuclide kinetics, Radionuclide migration, Sampling,
Terrestrial ecosystems, Tissues, ERDA/S10302,
ERDA/560162, ERDA/510500, ERDA/510101,
Bioaccumulation.
EMSL-LV-0539-9 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Five-Year Summary Report of an Experimental
Dairy Herd Maintained on the Nevada Test Site
1971-1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
E. M. Daley. Jun 77.46p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laborato-
ry-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
maintains an experimental dairy herd in Area 15 of the
U.S. Energy Research and Development Administra-
tion's Nevada Test Site. This report covers the period
January 1, 1971, through December 31, 1975, giving
the status of the herd for this period of time. Improve-
ments, changes, and additions made on the facilities,
the production and reproduction statistics of individual
cows and the herd, and summaries of metabolism
studies that involved the dairy herd are also covered in
this report. Data are included from studies on the
tissue distribution of tracer doses of exp 238 Pu and /
sup 129m/TI in selected cattle. (ERA citation
02:049986)
Keywords: 'Cattle, 'Nevada test site, 'Plutonium 238
•Tellurium 129, Agriculture, Milk, Mortality, Production,
Radionuclide administration, Radionuclide kinetics,
Reproduction, Tissue distribution, ERDA/553000
ERDA/560162, Metabolism, 'Dairy cattle.
EMSL-LV-539-4 PC A06/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Environmental Monitoring Report for the Nevada
Test Site and Other Test Areas Used for Under-
ground Nuclear Detonations, January-December
1975.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring ana Support Lab.
Apr 76,104p
During 1975, the monitoring of gamma radiation levels
in the environs of the NTS was continued through the
use of an off-site network of radiation dosimeters and
gamma-rate recorders. Concentrations of radionu-
clides in pertinent environmental media were also con-
tinuously or periodically monitored by established air,
milk, and water sampling networks. Before each un-
derground nuclear detonation, mobile radiation moni-
tors, equipped with radiation monitoring instruments
1556 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and sampling equipment, were on standby in ofl-NTS
locations to respond to any accidental release of air-
borne radioactivity. An airplane was airborne near the
test area at detonation time to undertake tracking and
sampling of any release which might occur. A total of
about 22 curies (Ci) of radioactivity, primarily radiox-
enon, was reported by ERDA/NV as being released
intermittently throughout the year. The only off-NTS in-
dications of this radioactivity from test operations were
low concentrations of xenon-133, krypton-85, and triti-
um (hydrogen-3) in various combinations, measured in
air samples collected at Beatty, Diablo, Hiko, Indian
Springs, and Las Vegas, Nevada. The concentrations
at these locations when averaged over the year were
less than 0.01 percent of the Concentration Guide of 1
x 10 exp -7 microcuries per millilitre ( mu Ci/ml) as
listed in the ERDA Manual, Chapter 0524, for exposure
to a suitable sample of the population. Based upon
time-integrated concentrations of the nuclides at these
locations, dose calculations, and population informa-
tion, the whole-body gamma dose commitment to per-
sons within 80 km of the NTS Control Point for test op-
erations during this year was estimated to be 0.00065
man-rem. The highest dose commitment, *0.062 man-
rem occurred beyond 80 km of NTS at Las Vegas,
Nevada, a location with a much higher population den-
sity than any within 80 km of NTS. (ERA citation
02:001492)
Keywords: 'Aerosols, *Air, 'Environment, 'Human
populations, 'Krypton 85, "Milk, 'Nevada test site,
'Radioisotopes, 'Tritium, "Water, 'Xenon 133, Aerial
monitoring, Aircraft, Dosemeters, Gamma radiation,
Radiation doses, Radiation monitoring, Radioecologi-
cal concentration, Underground explosions, ERDA/
500300, ERDA/510300.
EMSL-LV-539-5 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Agronomic Practice* of the Nevada Test Site Ex-
perimental Dairy Farm During 1971, 1972, and
1973.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
E. M. Daley. Aug 76, 32p
Contract AT(26-1)-539
This report is one of a succession of reports on the ag-
ronomic practices of the experimental dairy farm at the
Nevada Test Site. It summarizes the agronomic prac-
tices at the farm for the calendar years 1971, 1972,
and 1973. The topics covered include land preparation
and seeding, irrigation, fertilization, weed and insect
control, and forage production. The research conduct-
ad at the microplot area at the farm is also cited. De-
scriptive tabular data are enclosed at appendices.
(ERA citation 02:008057)
Keywords: 'Irrigation, 'Nevada test site, 'Pest control.
'Soils, Agriculture, Data, Fertilizers, Forage, Insects,
ERDA/553000, 'Agronomy.
EMSL-LV-539-6 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Food Hiblti and Radlonucllde Tissue Concentra-
tion* of Nevada Desert Bighorn Sheep, 1972-
Envlronmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
K. W. Brown, D. D. Smith, D. E. Bernhardt, K. R. Giles,
and J. B. Helvie. Jun 76,29p
Contract AT(26-1)-539
The botanical composition of the diet and radionuclide
content of selected tissues of desert bighorn sheep
(Ovis canadensis nelsoni) collected during the 1972
and 1973 hunting seasons were determined by analyz-
ing rumen contents, and lung, liver, kidney, and bone
tissues. Botanical examination of the rumen contents
showed that grass exceeded 50 percent of the diet of
10 to 14 animals collected in 1972 and 12 of 18 ani-
mals collected in 1973. Desert needlegrass (Stipa spe-
closa), Indian rice grass (Oryzopsis hymenoides). and
squirrel tail (Sitanion hystrlx) were the major grasses
utilized. The dominant shrub species consumed in-
cluded the joint firs (Ephedra viridis) and (Ephedra ne-
vadensis), Mohave yucca (Yucca schidigera), and cliff
rose (Cowania mexicana). With the exception of potas-
sium-40, gamma-emitting radionuclides were not de-
tected in desert bighorn sheep tissue. The tritium
levels reported were within environmental levels.
Strontlum-90 levels averaged 4.9 and 4.1 pCi/gram of
bone ash for 1972 and 1973, respectively, continuing
the downward trend observed in recent years. Uranium
levels were similar to those reported from cattle graz-
ing the same general geographic areas. The daily con-
sumption for one year of 500 grams of liver containing
the highest levels of plutonium and uranium would
result in a dose to the human bone, the tissue expect-
ed to receive the highest dose, of approximately 1
mrem/year. This is less than 1 % of the radiation pro-
tection guides for the general population. (ERA citation
01:026649)
Keywords: 'Bone tissues, 'Food, 'Grass. 'Kidneys,
'Liver, 'Lungs, 'Plants, Potassium 40, 'Radioiso-
topes. Sheep, Stomach, Strontium 90, Tissues, Triti-
um, Uranium, Cattle, Contamination, Nevada, Radi-
ation doses, Radiation monitoring, Radioecological
concentration, Ruminants, Tissue distribution, ERDA/
560172, ERDA/510300, 'Food habits, 'Ovis cana-
densis.
EMSL-LV-539-7 PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Noble Gas Sampling System.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
V. E.Andrews. Mar 77,13p
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
A system to provide continuous monitoring for atmos-
pheric concentrations of noble gases and tritium has
been operated in the Nevada Test Site vicinity since
1972. The field sampling system was designed to uti-
lize the analytical capabilities at the Environmental
Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory in Las Vegas. This report de-
scribes the noble gas system which provides sample
collection and analysis for radiokrypton, radioxenon,
and tritium in the form of methane, with detection ca-
pabilities, at the time of count, of about 2 picocuries
per cubic metre. (ERA citation 02:049740)
Keywords: "Krypton 85, 'Nevada test site, 'Surface
air, 'Tritium, 'Xenon isotopes, Environmental trans-
port, Radiation monitoring, Sample preparation,
ERDA/500300, ERDA/500500, ERDA/500101.
EMSL-LV-539-8 PC A15/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Off-Site Radiological Safety Program for Project
Rulison Flaring, Phase III.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.
G. A. Boysen. Nov 76,344p PNE-R-69
Contract EY-76-A-08-0539
This report presents the operational procedures and
results of the off-site radiological surveillance activities
conducted during the production flaring phase of the
Project Rulison program. The only radioactivity detect-
ed in the off-site area during and following the flaring
operation was krypton-85 in air and tritium in atmos-
pheric moisture, precipitation, natural vegetation, and
soil. No levels of radioactivity greater that five percent
of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Admin-
istration (ERDA) Manual, Chapter 0524, Concentration
Guides (CG's) were detected off-site and no levels
greater than one percent of the CG's were detected at
populated locations. (ERA citation 02:044026)
Keywords: 'Krypton 85, 'Rulison event, 'Tritium, At-
mospheric precipitations, Combustion, Contained ex-
plosions, Environment, Environmental transport,
Health hazards, Natural gas, Nuclear explosions,
Plants, Production, Radiation monitoring, Radioactiv-
ity, Sampling, Soils, Surface air, Underground explo-
sions, ERDA/500300, ERDA/510302, ERDA/450201.
EPA-450/3-76-020 PC A10/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Priorities and Procedure* for Development of
Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources of Atmospheric Emissions.
Argonne National Lab., III.
L. J. Habegger, R. R. Cirillo. and N. F. Sather. May 76
Contracts W-31-109-ENG-38, EPA-IAG-D4-0463
Because of the increasingly important role of New
Source Performance Standards in the national air
quality program and the large number of categories for
which standards are being developed, a clearly de-
fined procedure for selecting category priorities and
establishing schedules for standardpromulgation is a
necessity. This report describes a methodology that
has been developed for selecting priorities and sched-
ules based on projected reductions in emissions re-
sulting from the individual standards and other consid-
erations felated to technological, legal, institutional,
and conservation factors. The methodology is used
with available data to develop an initial standard-set-
ting program. The program variations that result from
alternate areas of emphasis are also presented. The
expected future developments in emission control
technology and various aspects of the process for de-
veloping standards are reviewed in terms of how they
may affect the long-term New Source Performance
Standards program. (ERA citation 02:030820)
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Stationary pollutant sources,
Aerosols, Air pollution abatement, Boilers, Carbon
monoxide. Clean air act, Coal, Control, Economics,
Energy conservation, Energy consumption, Energy
policy, Environment, Environmental protection agency,
Government policies, Hydrocarbons, Implementation,
Legal aspects, Management, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Planning, Pollution control equipment, Pollution
regulations, Standards, Sulfur dioxide, Technology as-
sessment, ERDA/500600, ERDA/500200, ERDA/
010900, 'Stationary sources, Forecasting.
EPA-450/3-78-049 PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Legal Issues of Emission Density Zoning.
American Society of Planning Officials, Chicago, IL.
M. S. Jaffe, D. R. Mandelker.W. A. Thomas, D. B.
Wafer, and F. Taub. Sep 78,142p
Contract W-31 -109-ENG-38
Emission density zoning (EDZ) is an air pollution con-
trol strategy that sets emission limits for certain areas
of land; these limits restrict the rate of pollutant emis-
sion per unit area (such as grams per second per hec-
tare). Legal issues involving EDZ are examined. Many
of the legal arguments applied to EDZ, and the conclu-
sions reached, also may be applied to other types of
land-use-based emission quota strategies, such as
floating zone emission quotas, jurisdictional emission
quotas, and district emission quotas. EDZ can be con-
sidered as either a land-use or air pollution control
technique; each interpretation raises different legal
questions. EOZ probably would be upheld as a valid
technique under the Clean Air Act and its amend-
ments, but modifications of state air pollution control or
land-use-management enabling legislation may be
needed to ensure implementation. EDZ also raises
constitutional questions of equal protection and due
process, but these issues largely depend on the par-
ticular administrative mechanisms used to implement
EDZ. Legal issues also may arise if EDZ is considered
a pollution dispersal rather than a pollution abatement
strategy. The legal questions concerning EDZ may
best be resolved through explicit state enabling legis-
lation that clearly delegates authority to local, regional,
and state agencies, and establishes strong mecha-
nisms for intergovernmental coordination. (ERA cita-
tion 04:045367)
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement. 'Air quality,
•Clean air act, Density, Ecological concentration.
Emission, Gaseous wastes, Implementation, Land
use, Legal aspects. Standards, Zones, ERDA/500600.
ERDA/290300, Regulations, State government, Fed-
eral government.
EPA-520/6-78-008 MF A01
Department of Energy.
Thorium Fuel-Cycle Alternatives.
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Nuclear Engineer-
ing.
T. H. Pigford, and C. S. Yang. Nov 78,168p UCB-NE-
3227
Microfiche copies only.
Actinide material quantities and lifetime uranium ore
requirements are calculated for thorium fuel cycles in
pressurized-water reactors, high-temperature gas-
cooled reactors, and pressure-tube heavy-water reac-
tors, and are compared with similar quantities for refer-
ence uranium-plutonium fueling in light-water reactors
and in fast breeders. Flowsheets are presented for na-
tional-international fuel cycles for safeguard controls,
including dispersed national reactors fueled with thori-
um and denatured uranium. Long-term radioactivity
properties of high-level radioactive wastes are com-
pared. Also compared are the production of exp 14 C,
exp 3 H, exp 232 U, and other activated radionuclides
from these reactors and fuel cycles. (ERA citation
04:044796)
December 1983 1557
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: Power reactors, 'Thorium cycle, Compara-
tive evaluations, Denatured fuel, Plutonium, Radioac-
tive wastes. Uranium, ERDA/210802, Cost'analysis,
High-level radioactive wastes, Carbon 14, Helium 3,
Uranium 232, Radioactive isotopes.
EPA-600/1-76-006 PC A10/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
National Environmental Specimen Bank Survey.
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
R. I. Van Hook, and E. E. Huber. Jan 76,217p
Contracts W-7405-eng-26, EPA-IAG-D4-05
This report presents the data base developed in the
National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB)
Survey. The methodology utilized in developing the
mailing lists and in developing and maintaining the
data base records also is included. The NESB Survey
Data Base is computerized in the Oak Ridge Comput-
erized Hierarchical Information System, Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830. The
NESB Survey mailing list consisted of 4500 names and
addresses. The 657 environmental specimen collec-
tions that were located and documented in the NESB
Survey Data Base include the following categories:
animal, atmospheric, geological, microbiological, plant,
and water. However, the majority of the collections
identified are biological in nature. Three indices of the
NESB Survey Data Base are included in this report: re-
spondents names and addresses categorized by orga-
nizational affiliation; (2) alphabetical listing of respond-
ents; and geographical sampling location for materials
in collections. (ERA citation 02:025272)
Keywords: "Biological materials, Environment, Ani-
mals, Aquatic ecosystems, Data compilation, Earth at-
mosphere, Geology, Information, Microorganisms,
Plants, Recording systems, Sampling, Terrestrial eco-
systems, USA, Water, ERDA/500100, ERDA/510100,
ERDA/520100, Methodology, Surveys, Data bases,
•Information systems.
EPA-600/7-76-034M PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Considerations of Selected
Energy-Conserving Manufacturing Process Op-
tions. Volume XIM. Elemental Phosphorus and
Phosphoric Acid Industry Report.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
H. S. Skovronek. Dec 76,94p
Portions of document are illegible.
This study assesses the likelihood of new process
technology and new practices being introduced by
energy-intensive industries and explores the environ-
mental impacts of such changes. Specifically, Vol. XIII
deals with the phosphorus and phosphoric acid indus-
try and examines four alternatives: (1) chemical clean-
up of wet-process phosphoric acid, (2) solvent extrac-
tion process for wet-process phosphoric acid, (3) by-
product sulfuric acid for wet-process phosphoric acid,
and (4) "strong acid" system for wet-process phos-
phoric acid in terms of relative process economics and
environmental/energy consequences. (ERA citation
04:019465)
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, Phosphate rocks,
Phosphoric acid, Phosphorus, By-products, Compara-
tive evaluations. Decision making, Economics,
•Energy conservation, Environmental impacts, Fertiliz-
ers, Fuel substitution, Industry, Maintenance, Manu-
facturing, Pollution control, Processing, Production,
Solvent extraction, Sulfuric acid, Waste heat utilization,
Waste product utilization, ERDA/298000, ERDA/
290300, ERDA/320303, Industries.
EPA-600/7-78-002
Department of Energy.
PC A12/MF A01
Engineering/Economic Analyses of Coal Prepara-
tion with SO sub 2 Cleanup Processes for Keep-
Ing Higher Sulfur Coals In the Energy Market.
Hoffman-MuntnerCorp., Silver Spring, MD.
Jan 78,252p
Contract EW5-C-01-9026
The economic analyses covering physical desulfuriza-
tion of coal followed by flue gas desulfurization and
flue gas desulfuriztion used alone for selected coal
source-user combinations indicate that economic gen-
eralizations must be approached with caution. The
range of variability is such that each case must be indi-
vidually assessed. In general, available data indicate
that many coals can be beneficiated to remove ash
and sulfur at an attractive net cost. These coals with
reduced ash and sulfur content levels are often not too
far removed from the sulfur content levels required to
meet environmental standards in some areas tradition-
ally served by these coals. When coal can be physical-
ly cleaned to a level not too far removed from that re-
quired to meet emission standards, flue gas desulfuriz-
tion treating only a portion of the flue gas would satisfy
environmental constraints. In many cases the net cost
of physical desulfurization followed by flue gas desul-
furization is substantially less than that of flue gas de-
sulfurization alone. This is due to the net economics
associated with physically cleaning coal combined
with the substantially lower flue gas desulfurization
costs. In essence, the net cost (i.e., costs less bene-
fits) associated with physical desulfurization would be
less than the additional cost if flue gas desulfurization
was used alone. For existing powerplants, the real
costs for flue gas desulfurization systems are especial-
ly expensive owning both to higher capital costs and to
the shorter economic lives of the systems. In many
such cases, the use of physical desulfurization fol-
lowed by flue gas desulfuriztion can be particularly at-
tractive. (ERA citation 04:052508)
Keywords: Coal, *Flue gas, 'Fossil-fuel power plants,
Cleaning, 'Coal preparation, Deashing, Desulfuriza-
tion, Economic analysis, ERDA/010800, ERDA/
010402, 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Flue gases.
EPA-600/7-78-168 PC A11/MF A01
Process Measurements for Environmental As-
sessment.
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
E. A. Burns. Aug 78, 234p CONF-780250-
Symposium on process measurements for environ-
mental assessment, Atlanta, GA, USA, 13 Feb 1978.
Separate abstracts were prepared for 18 papers pre-
sented at the conference. An additional nine papers
are included on various aspects of environmental as-
sessment. (ERA citation 04:047371)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chemical effluents, 'Water
pollution, Coal, Energy sources, Environmental ef-
fects, Evaluation, Experimental data, Graphs, Health
hazards, Isolated values, Measuring methods, ERDA/
500200, ERDA/510200, ERDA/520200, EHDA/
560303, ERDA/010900, 'Meetings, Assessments.
EPA-600/9-78-004 PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, N.C.
EPA/DOE Symposium on High Temperature High
Pressure Partlculate Control.
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
1977,632pCONF-770970-
EPA/ERDA symposium on high temperature/pressure
paniculate control, Washington, DC, USA, 20 Sep
1977.
Twenty-one papers were presented at the meeting. A
separate abstract was prepared for each of 18 papers.
Two papers appeared previously in ERA. (ERA citation
03:034915)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gas flow, 'Particles,
High temperature. Leading abstract, Medium pressure,
•Meetings, ERDA/200202, ERDA/010800.
ERDA-76-129/1 PC A06/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Synthetic Liquid Fuels Development: Assessment
of Critical Factors. Volume I. Summary 76-129/1.
Sri Project Egu-3505.
Stanford Research Inst, Menlo Park, Calif.
E. M. Dickson, R. V. Steele, and E. E. Hughes. May 76,
115p EPA-600/7-76-004A
Contract EY-76-C-03-0115
Factors that could severely constrain deployment of a
large synthetic liquid fuel industry are industrial deci-
sions related to risks, capital required, etc.; resource
depletion; water availability; strip mine reclamation; air
pollution control; and boom towns. In deliberations of
the role of synthetic liquid fuels in national energy
policy, the question must be asked as to which, if any,
of the fuels considered here should be favored.
Beyond the obvious and strictly economic factor of
cost are questions of the allocation of national re-
sources and the balancing of adverse and beneficial
consequences not necessarily adequately reflected in
the economic cost. Important criteria include: resource
intensiveness (fossil materials used, energy consumed
versus energy yield, water consumed, capital invested,
labor required, and land area mined); geographic con-
centration; social systems impacted; ecosystems im-
pacted; and difficulty of evolutionary adoption. A com-
parison, on the basis of these criteria, of the coal syn-
crude and methanol alternatives using Western, Illi-
nois, or Appalachian coal and the oil snale option re-
veals that no one option is best in every respect. Nev-
ertheless, it is apparent that mining and processing of
Illinois coal to make syncrude is the least disruptive
coal-based option. However, since Illinois alone
cannot support the maximum program, deployment of
an industry on the scale visualized clearly means ac-
ceptance of some less desirable tradeoffs. However,
when the same criteria are applied to all-out conven-
tional petroleum production, the impacts turn out to be
nearly all adverse. Constrained growth and remote
siting can possibly serve as mechanisms to mitigate
many of the adverse impacts. (ERA citation
02:045720)
Keywords: 'Coal, "Surface mining, 'Synthetic fuels,
'Synthetic fuels industry, Air pollution control, Automo-
tive fuels, Availability, Capital, Coal liquefaction,
Energy demand. Energy supplies, Environmental im-
pacts, Forecasting, Government policies, H-coal proc-
ess, Land reclamation, Methanol, Petroleum, Shale oil,
Socio-economic factors, Synthetic petroleum, Tosco
process, Water, Water requirements, ERDA/295000
ERDA/010405, ERDA/040000, ERDA/090200]
ERDA/010900, 'Assessments, Air pollution control.
ERDA-76-129/2 PC A99/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Impacts of Synthetic Liquid Fuel Development-
Assessment of Critical Factors. Volume II. Analy-
sis 76-129/2. Sri Project Egu-3505.
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
E. M. Dickson, R. V. Steele, and E. E. Hughes. 1976,
877p EPA-600/7-76-004B
Contract EY-76-C-03-0115
Results of a technology assessment of selected liquid
fuels derived from coal and oil shale are reported
These fuels are considered to be the most likely alter-
natives to substitute for or augment petroleum-derived
fuels in the transportation sector in the 1980-2000 time
frame. Critical decisions about the sources of fuel
supply and the nature of demand in that period must
be made due to the steady depletion of the domestic
petroleum supply and the influence of a noncompeti-
tive world market. The means to overcome the limited
supply of natural petroleum may take several forms:
Conservation of scarce petroleum energy by stretch-
ing out limited domestic reserves; removal of the na-
tional transportation end-use sector from total depend-
ence on petroleum by shifting to other energy forms,
particularly those derived from coal; conservation of
energy through incremental savings at every step from
resource extraction to end-use (a difficult problem
since many advanced technologies consume more
energy than present processes); and acceptance of a
lesser level of fuel supply if the social costs of entirely
new supply industries exceed end-use benefits. The
results of this analysis clearly indicate that a significant
productive capacity may be difficult to achieve from a
very large and rapidly growing new industry. Moreover,
while petroleum energy may be "saved" by substitu-
tion, the synthetic liquids system (from resource to
end-use) is clearly less energy efficient than that for
petroleum utilization. As a consequence, policies re-
garding these fuels should take into account the criti-
cal, constraining impacts examined in this study. (ERA
citation 02:045721)
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Coal liquefaction plants, 'Petrole-
um, 'Surface mining, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Synthetic fuels
industry, 'Water, Air pollution control, Automotive
fuels, Availability, By-products, Capital, Carcinogens,
Coal liquefaction, Comparative evaluations, Econom-
ics, Elements, Energy demand, Energy supplies, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Financial incentives, Financing,
Forecasting, Government policies, Land reclamation,
Legal aspects, Methanol, Net energy, 'Oil shales, Pro-
duction, Regulations, Revegetation, Shale oil, Socio-
economic factors, Spent shales, Synthetic petroleum,
Trace amounts, Transport, Water requirements,
ERDA/295000, ERDA/010405, ERDA/040000,
ERDA/090200, 'Assessments.
1558 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
FE-11270-1 PCA04/MFA01
Department of Energy.
Management of Coal Preparation Fine Wastes
Without Disposal Ponds.
Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
D. C. Hoffman, R. W. Briggs. and S. R. Michalski. Jan
79,60p EPA-600/7-78-189
Contract AC01-79ET11270
In the beneficiation of coal, the common medium for
upgrading the mined coal is water. The end products of
coal beneficiation are generaly three materials; (1) the
clean coal, (2) coarsely sized waste product, and (3) a
finely sized waste product. As the need for cleaner
coal increases, the amount of waste products generat-
ed also increases and the importance of safe, environ-
mentally acceptable disposal of these wastes be-
comes more important. Generally, the coarse refuse
(plus 28 mesh) can be disposed of safely because it is
a solid with inherent engineering properties that can be
utilized in engineered structrues. However, the fine
refuse (minus 28 mesh) generally exists as a water-
based slurry devoid of significant engineering proper-
ties that can be employed in engineering disposal
methods. The objective of this study is to ascertain
some physical/chemical properties of a diverse sam-
pling of fine coal refuse and to investigate the effect of
chemical stabilization. Samples of Tine coal refuse
were obtained from some of the major coal seams in
the Eastern bituminous coal fields. Two common and
one proprietary chemicals were employed in testing
chemical stabilization on nine samples of fine coal
refuse. This study indicated that chemical stabilization
can be employed to drastically improve some physi-
cal/chemiccal properties of the fine refuse for better
handling and disposal. The proprietary chemical, Calci-
lox additive, is the most effective over the range of
samples tested. Portland Type I cement is also effec-
tive but greatly influenced by waste solids concentra-
tion. The final chemical tested, lime, is inferior to the
other two chemicals and generally ineffective in im-
proving the fine waste's physical/chemical properties.
(ERA citation 04:042259)
Keywords: *Coal fines, 'Coal preparation, Calcium hy-
droxides, Cements, Experimental data, Ponds, Stabili-
zation, Tables, Washing, Waste disposal, Water re-
moval, ERDA/013000. 'Solid waste disposal, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, 'Air pollution abate-
ment.
FE-8887-1 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Magnetite Recovery In Coal Washing by High Gra-
dient Magnetic Separation. Final Report.
Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Francis
Bitter National Magnet Lab.
E. Maxwell, and D. R. Kelland. Oct 77. 70p EPA-600/7-
78-183
Contract ET-76-C-01-8887
The report describes a demonstration of the success-
ful recovery of magnetite from mixtures of magnetite
and coal, like those found in a coal-washing circuit, by
High Gradient Magnetic Separation. The demonstra-
tion was part of a research program at Francis Bitter
National Magnet Laboratory. High values of magnetite
recovery were achieved at reasonably high material
throughput rates with little coal found reporting to the
magnetics. A single-stage separator incorporating a
new matrix design was used at rates up to 4.4 tons of
solids per hour per square foot of matrix cross section
(300 gpm/sq ft). At this troughput rate, more than 99%
of the magnetite was trapped along with less than 5%
of the coal. Magnetic field values no higher than 6 kilo-
gauss were used to achieve these results, a value well
within the range of present commerical magnet de-
signs. (ERA citation 04:021156)
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Coal preparation, 'Magnetic sepa-
rators, 'Magnetite, Coal fines, Performance testing,
Recovery, Washing, ERDA/010402, ERDA/013000.
vestigated were found to have a two-fold effect. They
were found to effect the pressure differentials required
for dewatering in addition to the residual water con-
tents of the coal beds attainable by this dewatering.
Both effects were attributed to surfactant adsorption.
Adsorption at the liquid-air interface resulted in a de-
crease in the interfacial tension between the two
phases. The effect this decrease had on the pressure
differentials required for dewatering was found to be in
agreement with that predicted by the capillary theory
applied to the system. Adsorption at the solid-liquid
interface was correlated with the complex behavior of
the residual water contents as a function of surfactant
addition. A comprehensive model for the adsorption of
the surfactants onto the coal was presented, based on
the Stern-Grahame theory of adsorption at an electri-
cal double layer. The model allowed for the mode of
physisorption to change as the amount of surfactant
adsorbed increased, and also for a phenomenon
known as hemi-micellation. Using the model, consist-
ent and reasonable results were round for the specific
surface area of the coal and for the standard free ener-
gies of adsorption. The model was also found to be ap-
propriate when the heterogeneous nature of the coal
was considered. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of
the molecular groups of the molecules, expected from
the model to be controlling the hydrophobicity of the
interface, was found to be in agreement with that pre-
dicted by other means. (ERA citation 04:052524)
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Coal fines, 'Surfactants, Adsorp-
tion, Drying, Experimental data, Graphs, Sorptive prop-
erties, Tables, Water removal, ERDA/013000.
HRP-0024393/1 Not Available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Accuracy of Population Protections for Sub-
county Areas.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Andrew M. Isserman. 1977,13p
An earlier version of this article was presented at the
Western Regional Science Association meeting at
Tucson, Ariz., in Feb 77.
Pub. in American Institute of Planners Jnl. v43 n3
P247-259 Jul 77
Extrapolation methods .or use in subcounty area plan-
ning are examined. Population projections are em-
ployed in the planning of many public and private pro-
grams and facilities. Three methods of making popula-
tion projections are identified: extrapolations of past
population trends, projections based on demographic
rates (birth, death, and migration), and projections
based on employment rates. Population, share, differ-
ential, and density extrapolation methods were used to
simulate 10-year population projections for townships
in Illinois and Indiana. Census data from 1930 to 1950
were used to project the 1960 population, and data
from 1930 to 1960 were used to project the 1970 pop-
ulation. The data base consisted of 1,579 townships in
Illinois and 198 townships in Indiana. Population ex-
trapolation extends past trends of a township's popu-
lation growth; share extrapolation extends past trends
of a township's share of its county's population; differ-
ential extrapolation extends past trends of the differ-
ence between a township's growth rate and its coun-
ty's growth rate; and density extrapolation projects a
township's population density relative to a predeter-
mined maximum density. Based on the findings of the
study in Illinois and Indiana, it is concluded that a plan-
ning analyst can easily generate 50 or more projec-
tions for a township during a single working day. The
accuracy of the extrapolation methods is discussed.
Supporting data are tabulated.
Keywords: Classifications, Communities, Data analy-
sis, Data processing systems, Data processing, De-
mography, Health care, Illinois, Indiana, Methodology,
Regions(United States), State regions, Statistical anal-
ysis.
FE-9001-1
Department of Energy.
PC A09/MF A01
Surface Phenomena In the Dewatering of Coal.
Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science.
D. V. Keller, Jr., G. J. Stelma, and Y. M. Chi. Jan79,
186pEPA-600/7-79-008
Contract ET-75-G-01-9001
The influence of certain surfactants on the dewatering
of fine coal has been investigated. The surfactants in-
HRP-0026735/1 Not Available NTIS
For Health Care Manpower - The U.S. Public
Health Services' Urban Health Strategy.
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Bruce Immerman, and Lawrence Eldridge. 1978 2p
Pub. in Urban Health v7 n3 p27-55 Apr 78.
The approach of the U.S. Public Health Service toward
improving accessibility to primary health care services
in urban areas is described. Utilizing the concept of
conjointly funded projects proven effective in rural
areas, the integrated urban health strategy is an amal-
gamation of two programs, the National Health Service
Corps and community mental health center funds. The
strategy seeks to demonstrate how local comprehen-
sive urban health care systems can be formed that are
self-sufficient, and to provide opportunities for retain-
ing physicians and other health professionals in urban
communities. Recipients of support through the strate-
gy must be nonprofit organizations that have a govern-
ing board comprised of at least 51 percent consumers
who are using or will use an existing or proposed
health center. The remaining 49 percent are health
professionals not affiliated with the project and are
persons who have expertise in related business and
management fields. Only primary care physicians will
be placed in urban health strategy projects. The Na-
tional Health Service Corps is responsible for assisting
project staff in developing or improving billing and col-
lection policies in order to maximize third-party and
fee-for-service reimbursement.
Keywords: Communities, Demography, Distribution,
Distributions, Health care delivery, Health care serv-
ices, Health care utilization. Health manpower, Health
occupations, 'Health planning, Health related organi-
zations, Health resources, Manpower utilization. Meth-
odology, Organization theory, Projects, Theories,
United States. Urban planning.
HHP-0029525/3 Not Available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Drinking Water and Health.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Safe
Drinking Water Committee.
1977,939p
Available from Printing and Publishing Office, National
Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., Wash-
ington, DC 20418.
The findings and recommendations of a study which
was conducted to explore the potentially harmful ef-
fects that impurities in water may have on the health of
those drinking it are explored. The study, whose pur-
pose, scope, and duration were outlined in the Safe
Drinking Water Act of 1974, was carried out by the
Committee on Safe Drinking Water of the National Re-
search Council. The general approach, principles, and
criteria adopted in the study are outlined following a
brief historical note on the search for pure water. The
procedure involved a review of the scientific literature.
The discussion which follows deals with safety and risk
assessment. Attention is given to the scientific meth-
ods and criteria used for evaluating the long-term ef-
fects on and hazards to humans. The principal micro-
biological contaminants of drinking water in the United
States - bacteria, viruses, and pathogenic protozoa -
are then discussed. Subsequent material focuses on
solid particles in suspension, inorganic solutes, organ-
ic solutes, and radioactivity in drinking water. Tables,
figures, and appendixes containing an executive sum-
mary and material on legislation accompany the text.
Keywords: Communities, Demography, Environmental
health, Public health, Water pollution.
HRP-0030639/9 Not Available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Chlorlnatlon - Environmental Impact and
Health Effects. Volume II.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Robert L Jolley, Hend Gorchev, and D. Heyward
Hamilton. 1978,909p
Proceedings of the Second Conference on the Envi-
ronmental Impact of Water Chlorination in Gatlinburg,
TN, Oct 31-Nov 4, 1977. See also Volume I, HRP-
0030638.
Available from Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.,
P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106.
A conference on environmental and health effects of
water Chlorination was convened in 1977: to improve
communication between scientists and practitioners
involved in studying the process and impact of water
Chlorination; to discuss pertinent research and devel-
opments; and to present data and conclusions emerg-
ing from the conference and note areas for further in-
vestigation. Areas of research on water Chlorination
and other forms of halogenation prominent in the
1970's were considered: (1) toxicity of active chlorine
to aquatic life; (2) formation of chlorinated organic
compounds in the process of chlorinating waste water
effluent; (3) perdurability of chlorinated organic com-
pounds in the environment and their accumulation in
the food chain; and (4) formation of haloforms in the
December 1983 1559
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chlorination of drinking water. Sixty-six presentations
addressed these research areas and other problems
associated with water chlorination (primarily disinfec-
tion). Presentations are organized according to the
headings of fresh water system and marine system
chemistry, environmental effects in fresh water sys-
tems and marine systems, health effects, drinking
water treatment, waste water treatment, cooling water
treatment, industrial effluent, and regulations. Confer-
ence workshop summaries, a conference summary,
and closing remarks are provided. References and an
index are included.
Keywords: Communities, Demography, Environmental
health, Public health, Water pollution.
HRP-0900100/9 PC A02/MF A01
Improving the Quality of Life through Manpower
Planning.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Morton S. Ettelstein. Jun 74, 21 p
Presented at the American Society for Engineering
Education Annual Conference, June 17-20,1974.
The hypothesis that manpower planning can contrib-
ute to the improvement of means for developing and
utilizing human resources is presented. Manpower
planning as a function is shown to be interdisciplinary
in nature, incorporating concepts and tools of labor ec-
onomics, behavioral sciences, educational technolo-
gy, personnel management, management sciences,
and industrial engineering. It is noted that through the
integratjon of these diverse disciplines to meet societal
and individual concerns for human resource develop-
ment and utilization, the quality of life can be made
better. The manpower planning concept is defined and
described according to its types and applications at
micro and macro organizational levels. An endeavor of
agencies of States and local planning ,„ „„
scribed, in which agency manpower planners will
assess overall manpower and training needs relative
to supply and then plan to fill the gaps. Industrial engi-
neering educators, to whom this thesis was presented,
are addressed as to their role in the development and
application of manpower planning technology. An an-
notated bibliography of 30 manpower planning re-
sources is included in the document.
Keywords: Guidelines, Health manpower, Health occu-
pations, Health planning, Health resources, Methodol-
ogy, Policies.
HRP-0900277/5 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Health Manpower Planning and Linkage System ~
Dental Component of the Health Manpower Plan.
South Dakota Dept. of Health, Pierre.
Apr 78,89p
Contract PHS-HRD-298-74-C-0001
In June 1976, a study was undertaken by the Health
Manpower Planning and Linkage Project to produce a
detailed report on dental manpower in South Dakota.
Background information and data, assessments, pro-
jections, and recommendations for dental manpower
in South Dakota are provided. The assessments pro-
vide a thorough and careful analysis of the availability
and adequacy of dental manpower in South Dakota.
The projections aim at determining the paths to the
future and the impact of strategies to effect change.
Recommendations urge that the future of South
Dakota includes the quantity and quality of dental care
adequate to the attainment of good oral health. Charts,
tables, and maps illustrate the data presented. Appen-
dixes contain: a map of dental trade areas; a summary
of the activities of the Dental Subcommittee; a list of
Dental Subcommittee Mailings; Association Business
1974 Committee Reports; and a 1977 South Dakota
Dental Association Survey of Dentists.
Keywords: Dental services, Dentists, Health care serv-
ices, "Health manpower, Health occupations, "Health
planning, Health resources, Methodology, Personal
health services, 'South Dakota.
HRP-0900597/6 PC A05/MF A01
Planning Methodologies for Predicting Nurse
Manpower Requirements - Report of the Confer-
ence.
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Jun 78,96p
Contract PHS-R-08-77-1402
The proceedings of a 1978 conference on planning
methodologies for predicting nursing manpower re-
quirements are presented. The speakers were educa-
tors, computer analysts, nursing administrators, and
health planners. Topics included identification of
issues; the planning process under the National Health
Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974
and understanding linkages; nurse manpower models
on the State and national level, and economic model-
ing; nurse data sources, including cooperative health
statistic systems and the National Health Planning In-
formation Center; and the policy implications of the
National Panel of Expert Consultants on Nursing
report and of State planning efforts. It is concluded
that the focus of Government nurse planning policies
is shifting to geographic distribution inequities and
quality educational preparation; that planning strate-
gies must identify policies, procedures, ana people
concerned; that units of analysis and data sources are
crucial considerations for models, whether demo-
graphic, regression, probability or professional stand-
ards models; and that nurses must be involved in the
planning process. Two bibliographies, one of them an-
notated, lists of participants and faculty, an agenda,
and six figures are provided.
Keywords: Communities, Data processing systems,
Demography, Distribution, Distributions, Forecasting,
Health care requirements, Health care, Health man-
power education, Health manpower, Health occupa-
tions, "Health planning, Health resources, "Manpower
requirements, Medical personnel, Methodology,
Models, Theories.
LA-6396-MS PC A04/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
User7* Guide to the BOOM1 Model.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
A. Ford. Aug 76, 59p
Contracts W-7405-eng-36, EPA-PRJ-R260
This report describes the assumptions and behavior of
a computer model designed to simulate the "boom
town" impacts of locating large power plants near
small, isolated communities. Individual equations and
parameter estimates are shown to provide the follow-
ing information needed to judge BOOM1 's usefulness:
list of factors not included in the model; causal influ-
ence diagrams of vicious circles which act to worsen
boom town conditions; flow diagrams in the power
plant, housing, public construction and municipal, fi-
nance, retail and services, and migration sectors; nu-
merous plots of model variables over a time span en-
compassing the preboom, construction, and operation
phases of boom town development; results of tests
showing the sensitivity of the model to alternative esti-
mates of parameters; results of illustrative policy simu-
lations showing the effectiveness of front end money,
public loan guarantees, and guaranteed loans to the
retail and services investor; and list of potential appli-
cations of the model by national, state, local, and
energy company officials. (ERA citation 02:017451)
Keywords: 'Communities, 'Energy models, 'Energy
source development, 'Power plants, "Socio-economic
factors, Energy policy, Environmental effects, Manu-
als, Programming languages, Simulation, ERDA/
290200, ERDA/530100, BOOM1 model, Computer-
ized simulation, Boom towns, Rural areas, Social
effect.
LA-6496-PR PCA02/MFA01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Trace Element Characterization and Removal/Re-
covery from Coal and Coal Wastes. Work Plan for
the Period July 1,1975-June 30,1976.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
E. M. Wewerka. Sep76,17p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-05-E6
The objectives of this program are to characterize the
chemistry of trace elements in coal cleaning process-
es and wastes and to identify, by means of laboratory
and lite-ature evaluations, chemical or physical proc-
esses to remove or recover trace elements that are
potentially damaging to the environment or of possible
economic value. (ERA citation 02:008975)
Keywords: 'Coal, Nonradioactive wastes, Chemical
analysis, "Cleaning, Cost, Elements, Forecasting,
Manpower, Materials recovery, Planning, Recovery,
Removal, Trace amounts, ERDA/010800, ERDA/
010402, ERDA/010500, ERDA/013000, Mine wastes,
Trace elements, Reclamation.
LA-6497-PR PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Trace Element Characterization and Removal/Re-
covery from Coal and Coal Wastes. Progrea*
Report, July 1-September 30,1975.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
E. M. Wewerka. Sep 76,8p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-D5-E6
The literature search on the chemistry of trace ele-
ments in coal cleaning wastes is underway. Negotia-
tions have been started with one coal company, and
contact has been made with a second, regarding the
procurement of cleaning wastes and residues. Instru-
ments for trace elements analyses are being calibrat-
ed with NBS and ISGS standard coal and ash samples.
The only problem encountered this quarter was a re-
luctance on the part of one of the coal companies con-
tacted to deal with an organization (LASL) directly
funded by EPA. In general, the project is progressing
according to schedule. (ERA citation 02:008976)
Keywords: Nonradioactive wastes, "Waste process-
ing, Chemical analysis, Chemical reactions, 'Coal, Ele-
ments, Forecasting, Materials recovery, Planning
Trace amounts, ERDA/010800, ERDA/010402
ERDA/013000, 'Cleaning, Mine wastes, Reclamation
Trace elements.
LA-6498-PR PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Trace Element Characterization and Removal/Re-
covery from Coal and Coal Waste*. Progress
Report, October 1-December 31,1975.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
E. M. Wewerka. Sep 76,32p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-D5-E6
The literature search on the chemistry and environ-
mental behavior of trace elements in coal cleaning
wastes has been completed. An interpretive report of
the findings from the literature will be completed during
the third quarter. Techniques and methods for analyz-
ing trace elements and minerals in coals and coal
cleaning wastes have been developed and are docu-
mented in this report. Standard coal and ash samples
were used to establish the precision and accuracy of
these methods. Waste materials have been collected
from three coal cleaning plants in the Illinois basin
(ERA citation 02:008977)
Keywords: "Coal, Elements, Minerals, Nonradioactive
wastes, Chemical analysis, "Cleaning, Cost, Environ-
mental effects, Manpower, Materials recovery, Plan-
ning, Trace amounts, Waste disposal, ERDA/010800
ERDA/010900, ERDA/010402, ERDA/013000, Trace
elements, Reclamation, Mine wastes.
LA-6602-PR PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Detection of Early Change* In Lung Cell Cytology
by Flow-Syatem* Analysis Techniques.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
J. A. Steinkamp, K. M. Hansen, J. S. Wilson, and G. C.
Salzman. Dec 76,11p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-D5-E6
This report summarizes results of continuing experi-
ments to develop cytological and biochemical indica-
tors for estimating damage to respiratory cells in test
animals exposed by inhalation to toxic agents associ-
ated with nonnuclear energy production, the specific
goal being the application of advanced multiparameter
flow-systems technologies to the detection of early
atypical cellular changes in lung epithelium. Normal
Syrian hamster lung cell samples composed of macro-
phages, leukocytes, ciliated columnar cells, and epith-
elial cells were stained with fluorescent dyes specific
for different biochemical parameters and were ana-
lyzed in liquid suspension as they flowed through a
chamber intersecting a laser beam of exciting light.
Multiple sensors measured the total or two-color fiuo-
1560 Vol. 83, No. 26
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rescence and light scatter on a cell-by-cell basis. Cel-
lular parameters proportional to optical measurements
(i.e., cell size, DMA content, total protein, nonspecific
esterase activity, nuclear and cytoplasmic diameters)
were displayed as frequency distribution histograms.
Lung cell samples were also separated according to
various cytological parameters and identified micro-
scopically. The basic operating features of the meth-
odology are discussed briefly, along with specific ex-
amples of preliminary results illustrating the initial char-
acterization of exfoliated pulmonary cells from normal
hamsters. As the flow technology is adapted further to
the analysis of respiratory cells, measurements of
changes in physical and biochemical properties as a
function of exposure to toxic agents will be performed.
(ERA citation 02:027422)
Keywords: "Animal cells, 'Cell flow systems, 'Cytolo-
gy, Biological indicators, Epithelium, Hamsters, Inhala-
tion, Injuries, Lungs, Respiratory system, ERDA/
550300, Pathology.
LA-6603-PR PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Selection of a Model System to Determine the Ef-
fects of Energy Production by-Products on the
Immune System. Progress Report, January 1-
September 30,1976.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
D.M. Smith. Dec 76,11p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-D5-E6
Immune system function for rats and hamsters is de-
scribed, and normal values are given for T-cell exp 3
H-uridine uptake, phytohemagglutinin and concanava-
lin A-induced lymphocyte mutagenesis in vitro with and
without 2-mercaptoetnanol addition to the cultures,
histologic evaluation of phytohemagglutinin skin test-
ing, I-lymphocyte-dependent cytotoxicity, B-lympho-
cyte erythrocyte-antibody-complement formation, and
B-lymphocyte globulin production mediated hemolytic
plaque production. Also included are erythrocyte-anti-
body-complement rosette values for blood lympho-
cytes from thymectomized hamsters. A pilot study is
described in which Syrian hamsters were exposed to
aerosolized spent oil shale (33 mg/l respirable mass)
4.5 h a day, 4 days a wk, for 6 wk. Total white blood cell
counts, differential white blood cell counts, red blood
cell counts, hematocrits. and hemoglobin determina-
tions in experimental animals did not differ significantly
from those of control animals. (ERA citation
02:027572)
Keywords: Aerosols, Oil shale processing plants, Bio-
logical effects, Carcinogens, Hamsters, Health haz-
ards, Immunity, 'Oil shales, Polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons, Research programs, ERDA/560301, ERDA/
041000, 'Immunology, Experimental data, Animal
models, 'Toxicology.
LA-6604-PR PC A02/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Life-Cycle Mutants of Chinese Hamster Ovary
Cells, October 1-November 30,1976.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
B. J. Barnhart, S. H. Cox, and R. T. Okinaka. Dec 76,
4p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-36, EPA-IAG-D5-E6
A t/sub s/ growth mutant of the cell line DON CCL is
being characterized for reversion frequencies follow-
ing exposure to chemical mutagens and ionizing radi-
ation. The mutagen concentrations and mutation ex-
pression times are being defined for optimal reversion
frequencies. The Ames Salmonella/mammalian liver
microsome test system has been set up and will be
used as an ancillary assay for mutageniclty for various
polycyclic hydrocarbons prior to assessing these com-
pounds in the tissue culture assay system. (ERA cita-
tion 02:027575)
Keywords: 'Animal cells, 'Hydrocarbons, "Mutagens,
•Mutations, Bioassay, Biological effects, 'Biological
radiation effects, Cell cultures, Genetics, Hamsters,
Ionizing radiations, Life cycle, 'Mutagenesis, 'Mu-
tants, Radioinduction. Tissue cultures, ERDA/560305.
ERDA/560121, ERDA/550400.
LA-6835-PR PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes.
First Annual Report. July 1,1975-June 30,1076.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex.
E. M. Wewerka, and J. M. Williams. Mar 78, 58p EPA-
600/7-78-028
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
The literature search on the chemistry and environ-
mental behavior of trace elements in coal cleaning
wastes has been completed, and an interpretive report
of the findings from the literature has been written.
Techniques and methods for analyzing trace elements
and minerals in coals and coal cleaning wastes have
been developed and are documented in this report.
Standard coal and ash samples were used to establish
the precision and accuracy of these methods. High-
sulfur coal-waste materials have been collected from
three coal cleaning plants in the Illinois Basin, and
cleaning wastes from a low-sulfur coal have also been
collected. Analytical studies of the trace elements and
minerals in these wastes are progressing, and investi-
gations of the effects of weathering and leaching on
the trace elements in the refuse have been started.
(ERA citation 03:032607)
Keywords: 'Ashes, "Coal, "Coal preparation plants,
'Mineral wastes, Absorption spectroscopy, Aluminium,
'Chemical analysis, Chemistry, Electron microprobe
analysis, Elements, Emission spectroscopy, Iron,
Leaching, Manganese, Minerals, Trace amounts,
Weathering, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence anal-
ysis, ERDA/010800, ERDA/010900, ERDA/400100,
Neutron activation analysis, 'Solid wastes.
LA-7630 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes.
Second Annual Progress Report, October 1,
1976-September 30, 1977.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., NM.
E. M, Wewerka, J. M. Williams, N. E. Vanderborgh, A.
W, Harmon, and P. Wagner. Jul 78,154p EPA-600/7-
78-0288
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
Analyses of the trace elements and major minerals in
bulk refuse and coal samples from the Illinois Basin
were completed. This activity was followed by studies
to elucidate the structural relationships and associa-
tions among the trace elements. Several series of
weathering and leaching experiments were conducted
to define the environmental behavior of the trace ele-
ments in the refuse and coal samples under various
environmental conditions. These investigations result-
ed in the identification of the trace elements of most
environmental concern in typical Illinois Basin refuse
and coal. Methods to control the trace element con-
tamination of refuse and coal drainage are being in-
vestigated. These refuse materials are very complex.
Some 55 elements have been identified in most of the
refuse samples and undoubtedly there are more. The
most abundant of these elements, iron, aluminum, and
silicon, compose the structures of the major mineral
systems. A large number of elements generally consid-
ered to be environmentally sensitive are present in
these refuse materials in significant quantities (>30
mu g/g). Included among these are fluorine, aluminum,
manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic,
and lead. Although the relative amounts of some of
these components are seemingly small, the absolute
quantities available in a targe or active waste dump
could cause grave consequences in the surrounding
environment if they were to be released and concen-
trated by natural processes. (ERA citation 03:051767)
Keywords: 'Coal, Mineral wastes, Acid mine drainage,
Aluminium, Arsenic, Chemical analysis, Coal prepara-
tion plants. Cobalt, Copper, Elements, Fluorine, Iron,
Leaching, Lead, Manganese, Minerals, Nickel, Oxida-
tion, Ph value, Pyrite, Runoff, Spoil banks, Stockpiles,
Trace amounts, 'Water pollution. Weathering, Zinc,
ERDA/010800, ERDA/010600, 'Mine wastes, Coal
mine spoil, 'Trace elements. Path of pollutants, 'Mine
acid drainage, Illinois.
LA-7831-Pn MFA01
Department of Energy.
Trace Element Characterization of Coal Wastes
Third Annual Progress Report, October 1, 1977-
September 30,1978.
Los Alamos Scientific Lab., NM.
E. M. Wewerka, J. M. Williams, L E. Wangen J P
Bertino, and P. L Wartek. Jun 79,93p EPA-600/7-79-
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
Microfiche copies only.
In 1978, we performed laboratory experiments to in-
vestigate the efficacy of several control options for
treating coal wastes at the preparation plant or during
disposal. Our research revealed that calcining is one of
the more effective and permanent means of treating
high-sulfur coal wastes before disposal to decrease,
quite dramatically, the release of environmentally un-
desirable pollutants into the drainages from disposal
sites. Another promising control method is codisposal
of the coal wastes with lime or limestone to neutralize
the acid drainage and retain soluble aqueous contami-
nants within the waste site. Other experiments have
examined the feasibility of using natural sealants, such
as clays, soils, calcite, and cements, to isolate the dis-
posal site from its immediate environment. The various
tradeoffs for these control options are discussed in
terms of contaminant reduction, complexity, perma-
nency, and cost. We have begun an assessment of
coal preparation wastes from the Appalachian region.
Based on the work we have done on refuse from a
single plant, it is clear that coal wastes containing a
low percentage of pyrite plant, it is clear that coal
wastes containing a low percentage of pyrite (< 1 %)
generate worrisome amounts of acid drainage. Our ex-
perimental results show that the trace elements of en-
vironmental concern in the leachates from these low-
sulfur wastes are aluminum, manganese, iron, nickel,
and copper when their concentrations are in excess of
the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended
Minimum Acute Toxicity Effluent (MATE) values. (ERA
Citation 05:009600)
Keywords: 'Coal preparation plants, 'Mineral wastes,
Acid mine drainage, Aluminium, Appalachia, Calcina-
tion, Calcium hydroxides, Copper, Elements, Environ-
mental effects, Experimental data, Graphs, Iron,
Leaching, Limestone, Manganese, Nickel, Ph value,
Seals, Tables, Trace amounts, Waste disposal, Water
pollution, ERDA/010800, ERDA/010600, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Air pollution abatement.
LBL-5218 PC A06/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Measurement and Instrumentation Technique* tor
Monitoring Plutonium and Uranium Partfculate*
Released from Nuclear Facilities.
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
A. V. Nero, Jr. Aug 76,103p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-48, EPA-INA-D5-E6
The purpose of this work has been an analysis and
evaluation of the state-of-the-art of measurement and
instrumentation techniques for monitoring plutonium
and uranium participates released from nuclear facili-
ties. The occurrence of plutonium and uranium in the
nuclear fuel cycle, the corresponding potential for re-
leases, associated radiological protection standards
and monitoring objectives are discussed. Techniques
for monitoring via decay radiation from plutonium and
uranium isotopes are presented in detail, emphasizing
air monitoring, but also including soil sampling and
survey methods. Additionally, activation and mass
measurement techniques are discussed. The availabil-
ity and prevalence of these various techniques are
summarized. Finally, possible improvements in moni-
toring capabilities due to alterations in instrumentation,
data analysis, or programs are presented. (ERA cita-
tion 02:018217)
Keywords: 'Nuclear facilities, 'Plutonium, 'Uranium,
Air pollution monitors, Air samplers. Alpha sources,
Americium 241. Beta sources. Body burden. Critical
organs, Daughter products, Environment, Fuel cycle,
Gamma sources. Health hazards, Man, Neptunium
237, Neptunium 239, Nuclear fuels. Particles, Perform-
ance, Personnel, Radiation detectors, Radiation moni-
toring, Radioactive aerosols, Radioactive effluents,
Radionuclide kinetics, Radionuclide migration. Sam-
pling, Soils, Surface air, Thorium 228, Thorium 229,
Thorium 230, Thorium 231, Thorium 232, Thorium 234,
Tissue distribution, Uranium 232, Uranium 234, Urani-
um 235, Uranium 236, Uranium 238, ERDA/500300.
ERDA/510300, ERDA/053000. 'Radioactive con-
taminants, 'Air pollution detection, Soil analysis, Gas
analysis. Chemical analysis.
NERC-LV-539-35 PC A05/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration
Animal Investigation Program 1972 Annual
Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nev.
Environmental Monitoring ana Support Lab.
December 1983 1561
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
D. D. Smith, K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. May 76,
82p
Contract AT(26-1)-539
This report presents the data from the radioanalyses
of tissues collected from cattle, deer, desert bighorn
sheep, and other wildlife that reside on or near the
Nevada Test Site. Also discussed are special actinide
studies with cattle from the Tonopah Test Range and
Searchlight, Nevada, special sampling of an Arizona
buffalo herd, and bioenvironmental sampling of the
Gnome site in New Mexico and the Tatum Dome Test
Site in Mississippi. The thyroids of cattle sampled
during May and deer sampled in March and May con-
tained detectable levels of exp 131 I. The possible
source of this radionuclide was an atmospheric nucle-
ar detonation in the People's Republic of China during
March. Cesium-137 and exp 95 Zr were the only
gamma-emitting radionuclides that were regularly de-
tected in the soft tissues. Cesium-137 was found in ten
beef muscle and two beef liver samples. The median
values were 30 and 28 pCi/kg, respectively. Elevated
tritium levels were found in three cattle, one deer, and
a coyote. Postulated sources of these levels are dis-
cussed. The exp 90 Sr levels in bones of ruminants
continued the downward trend of recent years. Levels
of exp 239 Pu detected in muscle of beef cows ranged
from 0.5 percent to 4 percent of the levels found in the
ingesta. these levels in the bones tended to increase
with age of the animal. Hypothetical dose estimates re-
sulting from the daily consumption of liver or muscle
containing exp 3 H, exp 137 Cs, exp 203 Hg, U, exp
236 Pu, and exp 239 Pu were calculated. (ERA citation
02:001498)
Keywords: 'Actinides, "Bone tissues, 'Cattle,
•Cesium 137, *Deer, 'Iodine 131, 'Liver, 'Mercury
203, 'Muscles, 'Nevada test site, 'Plutonium 238,
'Plutonium 239, 'Sheep, 'Strontium 90, 'Thyroid,
'Tissues, 'Tritium, 'Uranium, 'Wild animals, 'Zirconi-
um 95, Nuclear explosions, Radiation doses, Radiation
monitoring, Radiochemical analysis, ERDA/500300,
ERDA/510300, ERDA/520300, ERDA/560172.
NTISUB/B/031 PCS60.00
Grants Administration Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
20 Apr 76,848p
SeealsoPB-214474.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $60.00/year; all others write for quote.
The Grants Administration Manual is designed to pro-
vide policies and procedures on the administrative as-
pects of grant management to all EPA grant programs.
The procedures in the Manual were developed for pro-
cedural consistency in the administration of EPA's
grant programs. This Manual is designed to serve as a
basic reference for those EPA officials involved in the
ongoing administrative and financial management as-
pects of EPA grants, and for others within the operat-
ing programs who deal with the award, review, and/or
other program management aspects of these grants.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'National government, 'Grants,
Manuals, Government policies, Cost estimates, Fi-
nancing, Accounting, Management, 'Environmental
Protection Agency.
NTISUB/B/126-76/011
PC$10.00/MF$10.00
Wastewater Treatment Construction Grants Data
Base, Public Law 92-500 Protect Records. Grants
Assistance Programs. New Projects Funded
During October 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
Nov 76,133p* EPA/GAD/2-76/011
See also NTISUB/B/126-76/010.
Paper copy also available on subscription, North
American Continent price $100.00/year; all others
write for quote.
Awards for wastewater treatment facilities under
Public Law 92-500 are listed on a monthly basis. This
publication provides the essential information on all
awards made during the month listed. The Listing is
sorted by state and provides the following information:
applicant identification, grant number and title, award
date and amount, project step (such as one-planning;
two-design; three-construction) description of the facil-
ity to be constructed, and other data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Grants, Industrial
plants, Construction, States(United States).
NTISUB/B/126-76/012 PC AOO/MF AOO
Wastewater Treatment Construction Grants Data
Base: Public Law 92-500 Project Records. Grants
Assistance Programs. New Projects Funded
during November 1976.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administratin Div.
17 Jan 77,129p* EPA/GAD/2-76/012
See also NTISUB/B/126-76/011.
Paper copy also available on subscription, North
American Continent price $100.00/year; all others
write for quote.
Awards for wastewater treatment facilities under
Public Law 92-500 are listed on a monthly basis. This
publication provides the essential information on all
awards made during the month listed. The Listing is
sorted by state and provides the following information:
applicant identification, grant number and title, award
date and amount, project step (such as one-planning;
two-design; three-construction) description of the facil-
ity to be constructed, and other data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, 'Grants, Industrial
plants, Construction, States(United States), 'Sewage
treatment plants, Priorities.
NTISUB/C/042 Subscription
EPA Publications Bibliography. Quarterly Ab-
stracts Bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
1977, 4 issues*
See also NTISUB/B/025.(PC AOO)
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent prices $45.00/year; single copy PCS12.50,
MFS12.50; all others write for quote.
Abstracts are presented for Environmental Protection
Agency publications dealing with environmental pro-
tection, pollution abatement, energy conservation, and
technology.
Keywords- 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Subject index-
ing, Research, Waste disposal. Water supply, Land
use, Public health, Authors, Technical reports, Agricul-
ture, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Combus-
tion products, Pesticides, Oil pollution, Radiation, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Air quality maintenance. Stand-
ards compliance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials),
Air pollution effects(Plants).
NTISUB/C/116 Subscription
Pesticide Label File.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1979, 1 issue and 2 updates
Includes NTIS/PS-380, Pesticide Product Information
on Microfiche: A User's Guide.
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $245.00; all others write for quote.
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act requires that the Labels of all registered pesticides
contain certain specific types of information. Included
in the information on the labels are active ingredient(s)
and percentages of same; common name, if any, of
active chemical; sites and pests for usage, as well as
dosage; safety information; and the product name and
manufacturer for that specific product. In an effort to
make this valuable product information available to the
public, the Registration Division of the Office of Pesti-
cide Programs has photographed each label and is
making these photographs available, on microfiche,
through the National Technical Information Service.
The initial label set contains about 2,000 fiche, which
hold approximately 30,000 labels.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Manuals,
Chemical compounds. Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Businesses, Toxic tolerances, Microfilm,
Data storage devices, Labels, Information, Consumer
products.
NTISUB/C/126 Subscription
Wastewater Treatment Construction Grants Data
Base Public Law 92-500 Project Records. Grants
Assistance Program. New Projects Funded during
December 1976. Monthly rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
28 Jan 77,12 issues' EPA/GAD/1-77-001
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent Price $100.00/year; single copy price
PC$10.50, all others write for quote.
Awards for wastewater treatment facilities under
Public Law 92-500 are listed on a monthly basis. This
publication provides the essential information on all
awards made during the month listed. The awards are
sorted by state and the information provided is appli-
cant identification, grant number, grant title, award
date, award amount, grant step such as one-planning,
two-design, three-construction, description of facility to
be constructed and other data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Grants, Industrial
plants, Construction, States(United States), 'Sewage
treatment plants, Priorities.
NTISUB/C/135 Subscription
Summaries of Foreign Government Environmental
Reports. Monthly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Jan 77,12 issues
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $35.00/year; single copy price $3.25;
all others write for quote.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under a
series of documents exchanges with foreign govern-
ments and international organizations, is collecting en-
vironmental reports from around the world. Subject
areas, which reflect EPA programs, include: Air, water,
noise, solid wastes, pesticides, toxic substances, radi-
ation, land use.
Keywords: 'Environments, 'Pollution, Air pollution
Land use, Noise pollution, Pesticides, Radiation haz-
ards. Solid waste disposal, Poisons, Water pollution
Translations, Bibliographies, Abstracts, Canada'
China, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Nether-
lands, Norway. Sweden, Switzerland, Brazil, New Zea-
land, Philippines, El Salvador, Australia, Finland, Gua-
temala, Scandinavia, South Africa.
NTISUB/C/219 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Set
A and B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1977.5 editions
Consists of Set A, NTISUB/C/220. and Set B, PB-265
550. Includes NTIS/PR-380, Pesticide Product Infor-
mation on Microfiche: A User's Guide.
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
$ 125.00; all others write for quote.
This manual was designed to provide the basic infor-
mation and guidance needed to use the microfiche set
of pesticide product label data. The information in-
cludes product names, manufacturers, active ingredi-
ents, tolerance for residues, and site and pest informa-
tion for particular products and active chemical ingredi-
ents.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, Manuals,
Chemical compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Ro-
denticides, Businesses, Toxic tolerances, Microfilm,
Data storage devices, Labels, Information, Consumer
products.
NTISUB/C/220 Standing Order
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche: Set
A. Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1977,4 editions
Each edition supersedes all previous editions. Includes
NTIS/PR-380, Pesticide Product Information on Micro-
fiche: A User's Guide.
Microfiche available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required. North American Continent price
1562 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
$110.00; all others write for quote. Also available with
SetB,asNTISUB/C/219.
Information on pesticides has been collected by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesti-
cides Programs in its registration process. This infor-
mation has been sorted into 14 subsets of Microfiche.
The information includes product names, manufactur-
ers, active ingredients, tolerances for residues, and
site and pest information for particular products and
active chemical ingredients.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, * Documentation, Chemical
compounds, Insecticides, Herbicides, Rodenticides,
Businesses, Toxic tolerances. Microfilm, Data storage
devices, Information, Consumer products.
NTISUB/C/225 Subscription
Award* for Construction Grants for Wastewater
Treatment Works. Cumulative Listing. Quarterly
repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Information Systems and Reports Branch.
1977,4 issues* EPA/DF-77/005
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Available on subscription. North American Conti-
nent price $400.00/year; single copy price $150.00; all
others write for quote.
This magnetic computer tape contains data on all of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's P.L. 92-
500 construction grant projects awarded since Feb.
1973. Each of the records contains applicant name
and geographic data, a general description of the
project and EPA funding data. Both the original EPA
funds awarded to the project and the cumulative EPA
funding is presented in the records. Usually three
projects are awarded sequentially in the P.L. 92-500
process of building a treatment works as follows: a
step one project for facility planning, followed by a step
2 award for construction drawing and specifications,
and a step 3 for actual construction. However, in many
cases in the past an applicant was reimbursed for step
1 and step 2 work within a single step 3 project award.
Thus, EPA funding of the treatment works started with
a step 3 award. In general it takes from 6 months to a
year to complete a step 1 project and approximately
one year to complete a step 2 project. Therefore, from
the time a step 1 appears In the data base, it could
take up to two years for the step 3 project to be award-
ed and construction initiated.
Keywords: *Data file, * Sewage treatment. 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Grants,
Magnetic tapes, Industrial plants, Construction,
StatesfUnited States), 'Sewage treatment plants, Pri-
orities.
NTISUB/D/042 Subscription
EPA Publication Bibliography. Quarterly Abstract
Bulletin*, 1078. Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Library Systems Branch.
1978,4 issues'
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $50.00/year; single copy price
PC$15.00, MF$15.00; all others write for quote.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished in December 1976 contains a bibliographic cita-
tion with abstract for reports generated by EPA and its
predecessor agencies and entered into the NTIS col-
lection through 1976. Access points to this cumulative
are by Report Title; Subject (keyword); Corporate or
Personal Author; Contract Number; and Accession/
Report Number. Beginning In March 1977, quarterly
update supplements were published listing and index-
included as well. The fourth issue of the year contains
bibliographic citations with abstracts for the preceding
quarter and cumulative Indexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Subject index-
ing, Research, Waste disposal, Water supply, Land
use, Public health. Authors, Technical reports, Agricul-
ture, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Combus-
tion products, Pesticides, Oil pollution, Radiation, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Air quality maintenance, Stand-
ards compliance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials),
Air pollution effects(Plants).
NTISUB/D/126 Subscription
Monthly Awards for Construction Grants for
Wastewater Treatment Works, 1978. Monthly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Administration Div.
1978,12 issues
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $120.00/year; all others write for
quote.
Awards for wastewater treatment facilities under
Public Law 92-500 are listed on a monthly basis. This
publication provides the essential information on all
awards made during the month listed. The awards are
sorted by State, grant title, award date, award amount,
grant step such as one-planning, two-design, three-
construction, description of facility to be constructed
and other data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Grants, Industrial
plants, Construction, StatesfUnited States), "Sewage
treatment plants, Priorities.
NTISUB/D/225 Subscription
Awards for Construction Grants for Wastewater
Treatment Works. Cumulative Listing. Quarterly
repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Grants Information Systems and Reports Branch.
1977, 4iss'ies*
Supersedes NTISUB/C/225.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch Tape. Identify recording model
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Available on subscription, North American Conti-
nent price $450.00/year; single copy price $175.00; all
others write for quote.
This magnetic computer tape contains data on all of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's P.L. 92-
500 construction grant projects awarded since Feb.
1973. Each of the records contains applicant name
and geographic data, a general description of the
project and EPA funding data. Both the original EPA
funds awarded to the project and the cumulative EPA
funding is presented in the records. Usually three
projects are awarded sequentially in the P. L. 92-500
process of building a treatment works as follows: a
step one project for facility planning, followed by a step
2 award for construction drawing and specifications,
and a step 3 for actual construction. However, in many
cases in the past an applicant was reimbursed for step
1 and step 2 work within a single step 3 project award.
Thus, EPA funding of the treatment works started with
a step 3 award. In general it takes from 6 months to a
year to complete a step 1 project and approximately
one year to complete a step 2 project. Therefore, from
the time a step 1 appears in the data base, it could
take up to two years for the step 3 project to be award-
ed and construction initiated.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, "Grants,
Magnetic tapes, Industrial plants, Construction,
States(United States), 'Sewage treatment plants, Pri-
orities.
NTISUB/E/126 Subscription
Monthly Awards for Construction Grant* for
Wastewater Treatment Works, 1979. Monthly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1979,12 issues
Paper copy available on subscription. North American
Continent price $120.00/year; all others write for
quote. Also available in single copies.
Awards for wastewater treatment facilities under
Public Law 92-500 are listed on a monthly basis This
publication provides the essential information on all
awards made during the month listed. The awards are
sorted by state andthe information provided is: appli-
cant identification, grant number, grant title, award
date, award amount, grant step, e.g., one - planning,
two - design, three - construction, description of facility
to be constructed and other data.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Grants, Industrial
plants. Construction, States(United States), 'Sewage
treatment plants, Priorities.
NTISUB/E/225 Subscription
Awards for Construction Grants for Wastewater
Treatment Works. Cumulative Listing. Quarterly
repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Information Systems and Reports Branch.
1978,4 issues'
Supersedes NTISUB/D/225.
Source tape is in EBCDIC character set. Tapes can be
prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Available on subscription, North American Con-
tinent price $450.00/year; single copy price $175.00;
all others write for quote.
This magnetic computer tape contains data on all of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's P.L. 92-
500 construction grant projects awarded since Feb.
1973. Each of the records contains applicant name
and geographic data, a general description of the
project and EPA funding data. Both the original EPA
funds awarded to the project and the cumulative EPA
funding is presented in the records. Usually three
projects are awarded sequentially in the P.L. 92-500
process of building a treatment works as follows: a
step one project for facility planning, followed by a step
2 award for construction drawing and specifications,
and a step 3 for actual construction. However, in many
cases in the past an applicant was reimbursed for step
1 and step 2 work within a single step 3 project award.
Thus, EPA funding of the treatment works started with
a step 3 award. In general it takes from 6 months to a
year to complete a step 1 project and approximately
one year to complete a step 2 project. Therefore, from
the time a step 1 appears in the data base, it could
take up to two years for the step 3 project to be award-
ed and construction initiated.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Sewage treatment, 'Industrial
waste treatment, 'Water pollution control, Magnetic
tapes, Construction, 'Sewage treatment plants.
NUHEG-0396 PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Planning Basis for the Development of State and
Local Government Radiological Emergency Re-
sponse Plans In Support of Light Water Nuclear
Power Plants. Task Force rept. Nov 76-Npv 78,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Office of State Programs.
H. E. Collins, B. K. Grimes, and F. Galpin. Dec 78,
127p' EPA/520/1-78/016
This report suggests a planning basis for State and
local government emergency organizations to deter-
mine the scope of planning efforts for nuclear power
plants. The Task Force determined that a specific
single accident could not be identified as the planning
basis. Instead, the Task Force recommended estab-
lishing two generic Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)
around light water nuclear power plants. The inner
zone of about 10 miles would be established for the
plume exposure pathways and an outer zone of about
50 miles would be established for the ingestion expo-
sure pathways. The precise size and shape of the
EPZs would be based on the judgement of the emer-
gency planner after considering local conditions. The
Task Force concluded that planning for predetermined
protective actions, such as sheltering in the plume ex-
posure zone, is warranted within these zones in the
event of a serious accident at a power plant. The Task
Force also recommended time frames and radiological
characteristics of the accidents for use in determining
the appropriate emergency actions which could be
taken to reduce the accident consequences. The Task
Force concluded that if the basic planning elements in
existing emergency planning guidance documents are
already being considered, the establishment of EPZs
should not result in large increases in State and local
government emergency planning and preparedness
costs.
Keywords: 'Nuclear reactor sites. Planning, Nuclear
reactor accidents, State government, Local govern-
December 1983 1563
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment, Radiation hazards, 'Emergency planning, Ra-
dioactive effluents.
NUREG-0602 PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Assessment of Capabilities and Research Needs
In th« Area of Health Effects of Low-Level Ioniz-
ing Radiation: A Joint Report to the Congress by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and
the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Special
report to Congress.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Aug79,81p* EPA/600/8-79/019
The report summarizes the capabilities, research
needs and on-going projects of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency and the Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion related to the health effects of low-level ionizing
radiation. The statutory authorities of both EPA and
NRC related to radiation protection and radiation re-
search are also briefly described. An introductory gen-
eral section describes current efforts to improve feder-
al radiation research and general methods used by
both agencies tor radiation dose assessment and the
estimation of the potential health effects of low-level
ionizing radiation. Separate sections describe the re-
spective authorities, needs, capabilities, and current
research programs of the two agencies. The report
was prepared to fulfill a requirement by the U.S. Con-
gress which is contained in Section 5(c) of Public Law
95-601.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Health physics, 'Ioniz-
ing radiation, Assessments, Research, Projects, Na-
tional government, Physiological effects, 'Low level ir-
radiation, Environmental Protection Agency, Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Government agencies.
NUREG-0738 PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Investigations of Reported Plant and Animal
Health Effects in the Three Mile Island Area. Regu-
latory rept.,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Gerald E. Gears, Germain LaRoche, John Cable,
Bernard Jaroslow, and Don Smith. Oct 80,42p EPA-
600/4-80-049
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Dept. of
Agriculture, Harrisburg, and Argonne National Lab., IL.
The results of investigations into reported problems
with plants and animals which may be related to the
operation of and accident at the Three Mile Island Nu-
clear Power Station are presented. The kinds of prob-
lems reported are listed, and potential areas of con-
cern (such as the release of radioactive gases and drift
from cooling tower plumes) are discussed. Specific
case histories are examined, and probable causes at-
tributed. While in some instances not enough data
were available for a detailed evaluation to be made,
none of the reported problems could be linked to TMI
and no general pattern of effects could be seen.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Nuclear power plants,
•Health physics, Plants(Botany), Animals, Pennsylva-
nia, Accidents, Gases, Cooling towers, Plumes, Air pol-
lution, Public health, Three Mile Island nuclear power
plant, Biological effects, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
N77-78624/2 PC A19/MF A01
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the Conference on Waste Heat
Msnagement and Utilization Held at Miami Beach,
Florida on May 9-11,1976. Volume I.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
1976,427p NASA-TM-X-74100-VOL-1
Also includes N77-78625 thru N77-78643. Sponsored
in part by Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washing-
ton, DC., Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and Duke Power Co., Charlotte, NC. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Coral Gables,
PL. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
A partial listing of contents includes: EPA views on
waste heat management and utilization; The role of
modeling in the assessment of thermal power plant
cooling system on aquatic environments; Physical
impact of waste heat disposal; Proposed ANSI guide
for aquatic ecological surveys at thermal power plants;
Thermal guidelines as they apply to the steam electric
power generating industry; Evaluating the adverse
impact of cooling water intake structures on the aquat-
ic environment; A systems approach to biological and
thermal considerations in cooling lake analyses; Prob-
lems of dry cooling; Modifications to once-through
cooling water discharge structure to achieve entrain-
ment mixing and lateral transport of thermal plumes;
Comparison of alternative diffuser designs for the dis-
charge of heated water into shallow receiving water;
Waste heat management and regulatory problems;
Computer analysis of heat rejection systems for coal
conversion processes; Strategies for waste heat man-
agement of once-through cooling systems; Optimiza-
tion of dry cooling systems for 1000 MW fossil fuel
power plants.
Keywords; 'Meetings, 'Thermal pollution, Thermal
power plants, Electric power generation, Nuclear
power plants, Cooling towers, Environmental impacts.
Water pollution, Ecology, Plumes, Air pollution, Spray
ponds, Regulations, Management, Utilization, 'Waste
heat, Waste heat utilization, Cooling ponds.
N77-78644/0 PC A99/MF A01
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization Held at Miami Beach,
Florida on May 9-11,1976. Volume II.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
1976, 861 p NASA-TM-X-74100-VOL-2
Also includes N77-78645 thru N77-78680. Prepared in
cooperation with Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept.
of Mechanical Engineering. Sponsored in part by Nu-
clear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC., Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and
Duke Power Co., Charlotte, NC.
In the United States, at present, approximately
350,000 MW of steam generating capacity is in the
design or construction phase. This is about 80% of all
the existing electrical powers generation capacity at
the end of 1973. Compounding this trend is the possi-
bility of 5 GW (5000 MW) energy parks which may
become reality in the next decade. The possible envi-
ronmental consequences need serious study. Consid-
ering, that for every unit of energy converted to elec-
tricity two units are rejected as waste heat, there is a
need for utilization efforts. The conference gave equal
emphasis to pollution abatement and utilization.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Thermal pollution, Cooling
towers, Thermal power plants, Electric power genera-
tion, Nuclear power plants, Mathematical models. Eco-
nomic analysis, Water pollution abatement, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Plumes, Spray ponds, Environ-
mental impacts, Management, Utilization, 'Waste
heat, Waste heat utilization, Cooling ponds.
N77-78681/2 PC A99/MF A01
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the Conference on Waste Heat
Management and Utilization Held at Miami Beach,
Florida on May 9-11,1976. Volume III.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
1976,620p NASA-TM-X-74100-VOL-3
Also includes N77-78682 thru N77-78708. See also
Volume 2, N77-8644. Prepared in cooperation with
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering. Sponsored in part by Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Washington, DC., Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Washington, DC., and Duke Power Co.,
Charlotte, NC.
A partial listing of contents includes: An overview of
waste heat utilization research at the Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory; A simulation of waste heat utilization
for greenhouse climate control; The agrotherm re-
search project; Laboratory investigation on some fun-
damental aspects of thermal plume behavior; Some
solutions to thermal problems in the southeastern
United States; Decentralized energy conversion for
waste heat utilization; Waste heat employment for ac-
celerated rearing of coho salmon; Utilization of waste
heat from nuclear power station for community space
conditioning; Evaporative cooling power plumes-A
review of behavior, predictions, and meteorological ef-
fects; Waste heat utilization for dewatering sewage
sludge; Waste heat utilization in aquaculture-some fu-
turistic and plausible schemes; Modeling the influence
of thermal effluents on ecosystem behavior; State of
the art of thermal monitoring programs in the power in-
dustry; Evaluation of environmental impact predic-
tions.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Thermal pollution, Thermal
power plants, Electric power generation, Nuclear
power plants, Cooling towers, Plumes, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Climate, Ecology, Environmental impacts,
Greenhouses, Aquaculture. Space heating, Sewage
treatment, Management, Monitoring, Utilization,
'Waste heat, 'Waste heat utilization, Cooling ponds.
N78-18405/8 PC A06/MF A01
Preliminary Study of a Data Recorder with a Mag-
netic Bubble Memory Etude Prellmlnalre d'UN En-
registreur de Donnees Equlpe d'Une Memoire a
Bulles Magnetlques. Final Report.
Commissariat a I'Energie Atomique, Grenoble
(France). Lab. d'Electronique Physique Appliquee.
P. Coeure, J. Daval, H. Jouve, M. Saro, and D. Mauduit.
13 Oct 77,118p LETI /EPA/CRM-1248, ESA-CR(P)-
1013
Language in French.
A feasibility study of a magnetic bubble memory
module for space applications is reported. All techno-
logical aspects were considered: manufacturing of a
garnet allowing the memory to operate between -25
and +60 C and capable of carrying bubbles with diam-
eters between 6 and 2.5 microns; realization of
memory chips of 1 kbits and 4 kbits; demonstration of
the module's operation at a frequency of 100 kHz of
the rotating field; stop-start operation and nonvolatility
of the information; and a proposal for a new packaging
consisting of a case with 4 chips and having a capacity
between 256 kbits (4 chips of 64 k) and 1 Mbits (4
chips of 256k).
Keywords: 'Bubble memory devices, 'Chips (Memory
devices), 'Data recorders, Satellite-borne instruments,
Data storage, Electronic packaging, Epitaxy, Ferrites,
Garnets, France, Magnetic storage, Magnetic bubble
domains.
N78-73895/2 PC A06/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Washington, D.C.
Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS):
Conceptual Design and Implementation Assess-
ment of a Utility Steam Plant with Conventional
Furnace and Wet Lime Stack Gas Scrubbers. Con-
tractor rept.,
General Electric Corporate Research and Develop-
ment, Schenectady, N.Y.
Dale H. Brown. Dec 76,106p NASA-CR-134950
Contract NAS3-19406
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C., Tennessee Valley Author-
ity, Chattanooga, and Energy Research and Develop-
ment Administration, Washington, D.C. See also N77-
26637.
A study was performed to estimate the technical/eco-
nomic characteristics of a steam power plant (3500
psig, 1000 F/1000 F) with a coal-burning radiant fur-
nace and a wet lime stack gas scrubber to control
sulfur emissions. Paniculate emissions were controlled
by an electrostatic precipitator operating at 300 F. The
stack gas from the scrubber was reheated from 125 F
to 250 F as a base case, and from 125 F to 175 F as an
alternate case. The study was performed on a basis
consistent with the General Electric ECAS Phase II
evaluation of advanced energy conversion system for
electric utility caseload applications using coal or coal-
derived fuels. A conceptual design of the power plant
was developed, including the pn-site calcination of
limestone to lime and the provision of sludge ponds to
store the products of flue pas scrubbing. From this
design, estimates were derived for power plant effi-
ciency, capital cost, environmental intrusion character-
istics, natural resource requirements, and cost of elec-
tricity at an assumed capacity factor of 65%. An imple-
mentation assessment was performed where factors
affecting applicability of the conceptual design power
plant in electric utility generation systems were ap-
praised. At 250 F and 175 F stack gas temperatures
respectively, the plants showed a cost of electricity of
39.8 and 37.0 mills/kWh and overall plant efficiencies
of 32% and 34%.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Cost estimates, Assessments, Sulfur compounds,
Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Electrostatic precipitators,
Solid waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Operat-
1564 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ing costs, Capitalized costs, 'Limestone scrubbing,
Steam power plants, Wet methods, Coal fired power
plants.
N79-22591/8 PC A10/MF A01
Trophic Classification ot Selected Colorado
Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA.
R. J. Blackwell, and D. H. P. Boland. Jan 79, 210p
NASA-CR-1 58500, EPA-600/4-79-0057
Contract NAS7- 100
Subm-Sponsored by NASA and EPA. Wise-Original
Contains Color Illustrations,
Multlspectral scanner data, acquired over several Col-
orado lakes using LANDSAT-1 and aircraft, were used
In conjunction with contact-sensed water quality data
to determine the feasibility of assessing lacustrine
trophic levels. A trophic state Index was developed
using contact-sensed data for several trophic Indica-
tors. Relationships between the digitally processed
multlspectral scanner data, several trophic indicators,
and the trophic Index were examined using a super-
vised multlspectral classification technique and re-
gression techniques. Statistically significant correla-
tions exist between spectral bands, several of the
trophic indicators and the trophic state Index. Color-
coded photomaps were generated which depict the
spectral aspects of trophic state.
Keywords: Colorado, *Eutrophlcatlon, *Lakes, Water
quality, Classifications, Data acquisition, Landsat 1,
Multlspectral band scanners, Regression analysis,
Tables(Data), Water pollution, Aircraft.
N79-74862/5 PC A09/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
Available Information Material* on Solid Watte
Management, Total Listing, 1966 to 1078.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs.
1979,180pEPA/530/SW-58.29
The catalog lists publications and other educational
materials on solid waste that have been published or
collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The subject index reflects the entire scope of
the work undertaken by EPA's solid waste program
from 1966 to the present and Is intended for research-
ers.
Keywords: * Solid waste disposal,
'lndexes(Documentation), Instructional materials,
Subject index terms, Environmental Protection
Agency, Listings, Solid wastes.
N80-14676/4 PC A04/MF A01
Investigation of Effects of Temperature, Salinity,
•nd Electrode Design on the Performance of an
Electrochemical Collform Detector.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lang-
ley Station, VA. Langley Research Center.
D. C. Qrana. Nov 79,54p NASA-TM-80130, EPA-600/
4-79-075
Contract EPA-IAG-D7-0053
The results of two research programs to determine the
optimum detector design for measuring fecal conforms
In saline waters for operational systems are presented.
One program was concerned with the effects of tem-
perature and salinity on endpolnt response time, and
the other, the interaction between electrode configura-
tions and the test organisms. Test results show that
the endpolnt response time la related to salinity and
seawater temperature; however, these results can be
minimized by the correct choice of growth media. Elec-
trode configurations were developed from stainless
steel, Parlodion-coated stainless steel, and platinum
that circumvented problems associated with the com-
mercial redox electrodes.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Design analysis, 'Ion selective
electrodes, 'Pollution monitoring, Cellulose nitrate,
Salinity, Stainless steels, Water pollution, Water tem-
perature.
E81-10W2 PC A07/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
Remote Estimation of the Surface Characteristics
and Energy Balance over an Urban-Rural Area
and the Effects of Surface Heat Flux on Plume
Spread and Concentration. M.S. Thesis,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Me-
teorology.
D. C. Dicristolaro. Nov 80,122p N81 -13435/5, E81 -
10082
Contracts NAS5-24264, EPA-R-806048
Original Contains Imagery. Original Imagery May Be
Purchased from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
(Code 601), Greenbelt, MD. 20771. Domestic Users
Send Orders to 'Attn: National Space Science Data
Center'; Nondomestic Users Send Orders to 'Ann:
World Data Center a for Rockets and Satellites'.
Hcmm.
A one dimensional boundary layer model was used in
conjunction with satellite derived Infrared surface tem-
peratures to deduce values of moisture availability,
thermal Inertia, heat and evaporative fluxes. The Penn
State satellite image display system, a sophisticated
Image display faculty, was used to remotely sense
these various parameters for three cases: St. Louis,
Missouri; the Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky; and
Clarksvllle, Tennessee. The urban centers displayed
the maximum daytime surface temperatures which
correspond to the minimum values of moisture avail-
ability. The urban center of St. Louis and the bodies of
water displayed the maximum nighttime surface tem-
peratures which correspond to the maximum thermal
Inertia values. It Is shown that moisture availability and
thermal inertia are very much responsible for the for-
mation of important temperature variations over the
urban rural complex.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Diurnal variations, 'Environ-
mental monitoring, 'Evapotransplratlon, 'Heat capac-
ity mapping mission, 'Kentucky, 'Missouri, 'Plumes,
•Rural areas, *St louls-kansas city corridor (Mo), 'Sur-
face temperature, 'Tennessee, 'Tennessee valley (Al-
ky-tn), 'Thermal mapping, 'Urban research, Computer
graphics. Data processing, Earth observations (From
space), Earth resources program, Histograms, Space-
borne photography.
N81-19662/8 PC A07/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
Environmental Assessment for the Satellite
Power System-Concept Development and Evalua-
tion Program-Microwave Health and Ecological
Effects.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Nov 80,146p NASA-CR-164021, DOE/ER-10035/2
Contract DE-AT01-79ER-10035
Sponsored by NASA.
Potential health and ecological effects of the micro-
wave beam from the microwave power transmission
system (MPTS) of the satellite power system (SPS) are
discussed. A detailed critical review of selected scien-
tific articles from the published literature on the biologi-
cal effects of nonionlzing electromagnetic radiation is
provided followed by an assessment of the possible
effects of the SPS, based on exposure values for the
reference system.
Keywords: 'Biological effects, 'Electric power trans-
mission, 'Environment effects, 'Microwave transmis-
sion, 'Radiation effects, 'Satellite solar energy con-
version, Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation protec-
tion, Solar generators.
N81-30419/8 PC A05/MF A01
Design, Development, and Field Demonstration of
a Remotely employable Water Quality Monitoring
System.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center.
J. W. Wallace, R. W. Lovelady, and R. L Ferguson. Jul
81,93pNASA-TM-83152, EPA-600/4-81-061
Sponsored In Part by Epa.
A prototype water quality monitoring system Is de-
scribed which offers almost continuous in situ monitor-
ing. The two-man portable system features: (1) a mi-
croprocessor controlled central processing unit which
allows preprogrammed sampling schedules and repro-
gramming In situ; (2) a subsurface unit for multiple
depth capability and security from vandalism: (3) an
acoustic data link for communications between the
subsurface unit and the surface control unit; (4) eight
water quality parameter sensors; (5) a nonvolatile
magnetic bubble memory which prevents data loss in
the event of power interruption; (6) a rechargeable
power supply sufficient for 2 weeks of unattended op-
eration; (7) a water sampler which can collect samples
for laboratory analysis; (8) data output in direct engi-
neering units on printed tape or through a computer
compatible link; (9) internal electronic calibration elimi-
nating external sensor adjustment; and (10) acoustic
location and recovery systems. Data obtained in Sagi-
naw Bay, Lake Huron are tabulated.
Keywords: 'Environmental monitoring, 'Monitors.
•Portable equipment, 'Remote sensors, 'Systems en-
gineering, 'Water quality, Data links, Lake huron, Mi-
croprocessors, Pressure sensors, Tables (Data), Ther-
mistors.
N82-29492/7 PC A17/MF A01
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
Assessment of Potential Future Market In Sweden
for Hydrogen a* an Energy Carrier. Final Report.
Studsvik Energiteknik A.B., Nykoeping (Sweden).
G. Carleson. Sep 80,382p DE82-900643, NE/EPA-
80/4
Sponsored in Part by the International Energy Agency.
Future hydrogen markets during the period 1980-2025
were projected. The probable range of hydrogen pro-
duction costs were evaluated as well as the expected
market shares in competition with alternative energy
carriers. Three different energy scenarios were devel-
oped, based on nuclear energy, renewable Indigenous
energy sources and the present energy picture, re-
spectively. Within each of the three scenarios, an anal-
ysis was made of the competitiveness of hydrogen on
both the demand and the supply sides of the sectors:
chemical Industry, steel industry, peak power produc-
tion, residential and commercial heating, and transpor-
tation. Costs were calculated for the production, stor-
age and transmission of hydrogen. Health, environmen-
tal and societal implications were taken into consider-
ation. The results were used to estimate the market
penetration of hydrogen.
Keywords: 'Fuel production, 'Hydrogen fuels, 'Mar-
keting, Technology assessment, 'Water, Costs, Eco-
nomic analysis. Environment effects, Health, Industrial
energy, Industries, Residential energy, Sweden, Trans-
portation energy, 'Foreign technology.
ORNL/EIS-106 PC A12/MF A01
Cincinnati Univ., Ohio.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: IV. Cadmium.
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
A. S. Hammons, J. E. Huff, H. M. Braunstein, J. S.
Dairy, and C. R. Shriner. Jun 78,275p EPA-600/1-78-
026
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This report is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary
review of the health and environmental effects of cad-
mium and specific cadmium derivatives. More than
500 references are cited. The cadmium body burden in
animals and humans results mainly from the diet. In
the United States, the normal intake of cadmium for
adult humans is estimated at about 50 mu g per day.
Tobacco smoke is a significant additional source of
cadmium exposure. The kidneys and liver together
contain about 50% of the total cadmium body burden.
Acute cadmium poisoning is primarily an occupational
problem, generally from inhalation of cadmium fumes
or dusts. In the general population. Incidents of acute
poisoning by inhaled or ingested cadmium or its com-
pounds are relatively rare. The kidney Is the primary
target organ for toxicity from prolonged low-level expo-
sure to cadmium. No causal relationship has been es-
tablished between cadmium exposure and human
cancer, although a possible link between cadmium and
prostate cancer has been Indicated. Cadmium has
been shown to be teratogenlc In rats, hamsters, and
mice, but no such effects have been proven in
humans. Cadmium has been reported to Increase the
frequency of chromosomal aberrations In cultured Chi-
nese hamster ovary cells and in human peripheral leu-
kocytes. The major concern about environmental cad-
mium is the potential effects on the general population.
There Is no substantial evidence of hazard from cur-
rent levels of cadmium In air, water, or food. However,
because cadmium is a cumulative poison and because
present intake provides a relatively small safety
December 1983 1565
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
margin, there are adequate reasons for concern over
possible future increases in background levels. (ERA
citation 03:051260)
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Cadmium, 'Land pollution,
"Water pollution, Agricultural wastes, Animals, Aquatic
ecosystems. Biological effects, Chromosomal aberra-
tions, Chronic intake, "Environmental effects, Environ-
mental transport, Food chains, Industrial wastes, Man,
Microorganisms, Municipal wastes, Plants, Terrestrial
ecosystems, Toxicity, ERDA/560300, ERDA/500200,
ERDA/510200, ERDA/520200, "Toxic substances,
Heavy metals, Humans, Diets.
ORNL/EIS-128 PC A22/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants: XI. Chlorophenols.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
V. P. Kozak, G. V. Simsiman, G. Chesters, D. Stensby,
and J. Harkin. Jun 79, 519p EPA-600/1-79-012
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This study reviews the health and environmental ef-
fects of Chlorophenols. It includes discussions of phys-
ical and chemical properties; analytical methods; bio-
logical aspects in microorganisms, plants, animals,
and humans; environmental distribution and transfor-
mation; and environmental interactions and their con-
sequences. All of the economically or environmentally
important chlorophenol isomers are reviewed: 2-chlor-
ophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,
2,4,6-trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenols, and pen-
tachlorophenol. Approximately 400 references are
cited. Chronic toxicity of Chlorophenols to humans has
not been documented. Available data indicate that
Chlorophenols do not possess tumprigenic, mutagenic,
or teratogenic properties. Several isomers may be em-
bryotoxic. 2-Chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and
2,4,5-tricnlorophenoi may promote tumors in mice.
Available data fail to suggest a direct carcinogenic po-
tential of any of the isomers reviewed. (ERA citation
04:047413)
Keywords: "Organic chlorine compounds, "Phenols,
Aquatic ecosystems, Aquatic organisms, Bibliogra-
phies, Biochemistry, Biodegradation, Biological ef-
fects, Contamination, Data compilation, Environmental
effects, Environmental transport, Experimental data,
Food chains. Metabolism, Reviews, Soils, Tables, Ter-
restrial ecosystems, Toxicity, Uptake, Water pollution,
EHDA/510200, ERDA/520200, ERDA/560300,
Phenol/chloro, Phenol/dichloro, Phenol/trichloro,
Phenol/tetrachloro, Phenol/pentchlore, Physical
proerties, Chemical properties, Chemical analysis,
Microorganisms, "Toxicology, Environmental health,
"Toxic substances.
ORNL/EIS-130 PCA21/MFA01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of. Pollut-
ants. X. Toxaphene.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
P. R. Durkin, P. H. Howard, J. Saxena, S. S. Lande, and
J. Santodonato. Sep 80,500p EPA-600/1-79-044
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The environmental effects of toxaphene are extensive-
ly reviewed. Information is presented on chemical
properties and analytical techniques, environmental
occurrence, cycling, and fate, as well as on food chain
interactions. Biological aspects of toxaphene in micro-
organisms, plants, wild and domestic animals, and
humans and test animals are reviewed, including me-
tabolism, toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and
teratogenicity. (ERA citation 05:034199)
Keywords: "Camphene, Biological pathways, Carcino-
genesis, Chemical analysis, Chemical properties,
Chemistry, Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, Data
compilation, Domestic animals, Ecological concentra-
tion. Environmental effects, Experimental data, Food
chains, Laboratory animals, Man, Metabolism, Micro-
organisms, Mutagenesis, Physical properties, Plants,
Teratogenesis, Toxicity, Wild animals, ERDA/560300.
ORNL/EIS-131 PC A16/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants. XIII. Endrln.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
J. Donoso, J. Dorigan, B. Fuller, J. Gordon, and M.
Kornreich. Aug 79,374p EPA-600/1 -79-005
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the
health and environmental effects of endrin
(1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-
1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo,endo-5,8-
dimethanonapthalene) is presented. More than 600
references are cited. Endrin is used chiefly as an in-
secticide, particularly for the control of lepidopterous
larvae that infest cotton crops. In 1971, total US con-
sumption of endrin exceeded 600,000 kg. Endrin is
highly toxic to mammals, birds, fish, and insects, but is
generally nontoxic to plants. Acute exposure of mam-
mals to endrin typically results in central nervous disor-
ders, with convulsions leading to death through respi-
ratory failure within two days. Symptoms of acute
endrin exposure in humans include convulsions, vomit-
ing, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, and head-
aches. Chronic exposure of mammals to endrin may
result in damage to the liver, kidney, heart, brain, lung,
adrenal gland, and spleen. Behavioral abnormalities,
reproductive disorders, changes in carbohydrate me-
tabolism, changes in blood composition, and other ef-
fects secondary to central nervous system disorders
have also been observed following chronic exposure
of mammals to sublethal doses of endrin. No malig-
nancies attributable to endrin have been reported, but
chromosomal abnormalities and teratogenesis have
been induced in several mammalian species by endrin.
Endrin is dissipated from the environment by photo-
chemical and thermal decomposition and by microbial
degradation. Relatively few bacteria can degrade
endrin, but many species of algae and fungi exhibit this
ability. Environmental contamination by endrin ap-
pears to be restricted to areas where the compound is
used intensively; background concentrations in the at-
mosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere at locations
distant from areas of heavy use are generally below
the levels of detection. (ERA citation 04:052234)
Keywords: "Condensed aromatics, "Insecticides, Bio-
degradation, Biological effects, Birds, Carcinogenesis,
Contamination, Data compilation, Environmental ef-
fects, Environmental transport, Fishes, Insects, Mam-
mals, Metabolism, Photochemical reactions, Tables,
Toxicity, ERDA/560305, "Endrin, "Pesticides, "Toxi-
cology, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health.
ORNL/EIS-142/R1 PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Levels of Chemical Contaminants In Nonoccupa-
tlonally Exposed US Residents.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. W. Holleman, and A. S. Mammons. May 80,271 p
EPA-600/1-80-002
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This report is a compilation of information on chemical
contaminants found in nonoccupationally exposed US
residents. Listed in tabular form for each of approxi-
mately 100 elements or compounds are: the tissue the
compound was found in; the range and means or me-
dians of concentrations found; the number of cases;
the analytical methods used for detection, identifica-
tion, and quantitation; the bibliographic reference; in-
formation on the source and route of entry of the con-
taminant into the environment and into man; epidemic-
logical and demographical aspects; and other perti-
nent comments. Sources of literature used in the
survey cover a 30-year period, with the bulk of the
studies coming from the past 10 or 15 years. About
400 references are cited. Some substances that are
not necessarily contaminants are included in the report
for scientific interest and to establish baselines. (ERA
citation 05:027974)
Keywords: 'Tissues, "Toxic materials, Bibliographies,
Chemical analysis, Contamination, Data compilation,
Epidemiology, Human populations, Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, Reviews, Tables, ERDA/560306.
ORNL/EIS-149 PC A14/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Cadmium In Foods: A Review of the World's Liter-
ature.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, and A. S. Hammons. Feb 79,307p* EPA-
560/2-78-007
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This document tabulates detailed information obtained
from 151 references for most of the original measure-
ments of cadmium in foods published since 1940 and
summarizes estimates of dietary intake of cadmium in
the United States and foreign countries. Cadmium con-
centrations are indicated for about 1500 individual
foods listed alphabetically and by decreasing concen-
tration within typical food categories. Separate compi-
lations are provided for foods originating in contami-
nated and uncontaminated areas for domestic and for-
eign products. Most foods contained low concentra-
tions of cadmium, generally less than 0.050 mg/kg,
wet weight. Concentrations of cadmium were greatest
in shellfish, leafy vegetables, potatoes, grain and
cereal products, and selected animal organs, particu-
larly kidneys and liver. The use of cadmium-containing
phosphate fertilizers increased the concentration of
cadmium in some, but not all, plant foods. Diets
chosen exclusively from foods produced near point
sources, or from highly contaminated soils, put users
at great risk of exceeding recommended intake levels.
No clear pattern of concentration differences could be
discerned in foods produced in areas distant from
point sources. Although annual increases of cadmium
in successive crops of certain plant foods were docu-
mented, no temporal trend of increasing cadmium con-
centrations in food is apparent in the tabulated data,
nor is there a perceptible increase in the cadmium con-
tent of foods due to canning or other food-processing
operations. Estimates of dietary intake of cadmium
vary widely. Based on the tabulated data, the average
daily U.S. dietary intake appears to lie within the range
30 to 50 mu g. (ERA citation 04:041766)
Keywords: "Cadmium, 'Crops, "Fertilizers, "Food,
"Tobacco products, "Bibliographies, Contamination,'
Diet, Ecological concentration, Health hazards, Infor-
mation, Tables, ERDA/560306, Reviews, Estimates,
Foreign countries, Concentration(Composition),
"Toxic substances.
ORNL/EIS-151 PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Scientific Rationale for the Selection of Toxicity
Testing Methods: Human Health Assessment.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
R. H. Ross, M. G. Ryon, M. W. Daugherty, J. S. Drury
and J. T. Ensminger. Dec 80,423p EPA-560/1 -80-001
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This document is the first of a two-part literature analy-
sis of parameters associated with the various toxicity
testing methods (test animal selection, pathology re-
quirements, etc.). Acute, subchronic, chronic, and car-
cinogenic testing methods are covered; a discussion
of some basic experimental considerations is also in-
cluded. This report was prepared for the purpose of
assisting and supporting the US Environmental Protec-
ton Agency in its efforts to develop guidelines for more
efficient and economical testing procedures. ERA ci-
tation 06:006648)
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Pollution, Acute exposure,
Bioassay, Chronic exposure, Comparative evaluations,
Diet, Laboratory animals, Man, Mutagen screening,
Pathology, Reviews, Testing, Toxic materials, Toxicity
ERDA/560306.
ORNL/EIS-153 PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chemical Contaminants In Nonoccupationally Ex-
posed US Residents.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. W. Holleman, M. G. Ryon, and A. S. Hammons. May
80,150pEPA-600/1-80-001
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The manner in which chemical contaminants found in
nonoccupationally exposed US residents enter the en-
vironment and subsequently human tissues is re-
viewed. Approximately 100 contaminants are treated.
References used in the survey cover a 30-year period,
with the bulk of the studies coming from the past 10 or
15 years. Contaminants discussed include organoch-
lorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, and miscellane-
ous pesticides; polychlorinated and polybrominated bi-
and terphenyls; halogen compounds; asbestos; mer-
cury, lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese, molyb-
denum, selenium, arsenic, antimony, thallium, chromi-
um, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, beryllium; and others.
Production; use; entry into the environment; entry, me-
tabolism, and effects in man; and description and aval-
1566 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
uation of methods of analysis and of the validity of the
data are the chief aspects treated. For the pesticides
indiscriminate use is the chief means of environmental
entry. Entry into man is by ingestion of paniculate resi-
dues and through foods, particularly fat-containing
animal products. Sources of environmental entry for
the metals and other elements are burning of fossil
fuels, industrial operations, dissipative uses, and natu-
ral inputs; and from these sources into man by inges-
tion and inhalation. Some elements are essential or
beneficial at one level of concentration and toxic at an-
other. Discussions of the status of elements from this
standpoint are included where appropriate. (ERA cita-
tion 05:027975)
Keywords: 'Toxic materials, Antimony, Arsenic, As-
bestos, Beryllium, Biological effects, Biological path-
ways, Brominated aromatic hydrocarbons, Cadmium,
Carbamates, Chemical analysis, Chlorinated aromatic
hydrocarbons, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Environ-
mental effects, Environmental impacts, Environmental
transport, Food chains, Halogens, Lead, Man, Manga-
nese, Mercury, Metabolism, Molybdenum, Nickel, Or-
ganic chlorine compounds, Organic phosphorus com-
pounds, Pesticides, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Selenium, Thallium, Toxicity, Usa, Vanadium, ERDA/
560306, ERDA/520200, ERDA/510200.
ORNL/EIS-158 PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Proceedings of the EPA Workshop on the Envi-
ronmental Scoring of Chemicals.
Oak Ridge NationalLab.. TN.
R. H. Ross, and J. Welch. May 80, 41 p EPA-560/11 -
80-010
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The environmental scoring of chemicals is viewed by
the US Environmental Protection Agency as a tool to
assist in the ranking or ordering of the universe of
chemicals that are under the jurisdiction of the Toxic
Substances Control Act. The purpose of scoring is to
identify most of the chemicals that have a high proba-
bility for requiring review for regulation or testing. This
report describes a three-day workshop held in Wash-
ington, DC, August 13 to 15,1979, to develop an envi-
ronmental scoring system. Initial discussions centered
on the determination of a safety factor (calculated as
the concentration at which an effect is observed divid-
ed by environmental concentration) that would allow a
numerical score to be assigned to a chemical to reflect
its potential hazard. Further discussion, however, indi-
cated that the environmental concentration of a chem-
ical is usually not available and that the estimation of
an environmental concentration is not readily accom-
plished; therefore, a scoring system was developed
that does not require environmental concentrations.
This system relates environmental exposure to toxicity
by using a multiplier (3x, 2x, or 1x) which is assigned on
the basis of the concentration xt which an effect is ob-
served. The applicability of the scoring system is dem-
onstrated by scoring selected chemicals. (ERA citation
05:027989)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Comparative eval-
uations, Ecological concentration, Limiting values,
Safety standards, Tables, Toxicity, Us epa, Usa, Vari-
ations, ERDA/570000.
ORNL/EIS-160 PC E03/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Microcosm Re-
search: Proceedings of the Workshop, Athens,
Georgia, September 18-19,1979.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
R. Haque, J. V. Nabholz, and M. G. Ryon. Apr 80,30p
EPA-600/9-80-019
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This workshop, held at Athens, Georgia, September
18-19, 1979, was to aid the Office of Environmental
Processes and Effects Research (OEPER) in evaluat-
ing and integrating microcosm research in the OEPER
environmental research laboratories. Participants dis-
cussed the design, advantages, and limitations of mi-
crocosms; the value and potential role of microcosms
in the regulatory decision-making process; the identifi-
cation of priority and long-term research needs to
refine microcosm methodology as a data source for
hazard and risk assessments; and the creation of a mi-
crocosm technology committee to assist OEPER in co-
ordinating and integrating microcosm research. These
proceedings consist of recommendations made by
special task groups on each of the major topics dis-
cussed. (ERA citation 05:021135)
Keywords: 'Environment, Air pollution, Coordinated
research programs, Decision making, Environmental
effects, Forecasting, Mathematical models, Recom-
mendations, Regulations, Research programs. Toxic
materials, Water pollution, ERDA/500100, ERDA/
510100, ERDA/520100, ERDA/560300.
ORNL/EIS-163/V2-P1 PC A21/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified in Human Biological Media, a
Data Base. Second Annual Report, October 1980.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, F. M. Martin, and J. T.
Ensminger. Jan 81,494p EPA-560/13-80-036A
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established. Data were obtained primarily from
the open literature through manual searches (retro-
spective to 1974) of the journals listed in Appendix A.
The data base now contains information on over 500
different substances. Chemicals are listed by Chemical
Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers and pre-
ferred names in Appendix B. For the user's conven-
ience, cross-referenced chemical lists of CAS names
are provided in Appendix C. The human tissues and
body fluids found to be contaminated by these chemi-
cals are listed in Appendix D. The data base is pub-
lished annually in two parts. Part 1 contains introducto-
ry materials, references, appendices, indices, and a
chemical directory. Information in Part 1 is cumulative,
thus allowing the user access to information in the pre-
vious edition of Part 2. Data from more than one-third
of the over 3000 body-burden documents collected to
date have been entered in the data base as of October
1980. The emphasis on inputting recent literature and
significant research documents has resulted in a
chronological mix of articles from 1974 to the present
in the first two publications of the data base. (ERA cita-
tion 06:009750)
Keywords: 'Body fluids, 'Elements, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Organic compounds, 'Tissues, Biological ac-
cumulation, Body burden, Chemical composition, Con-
tamination, Data base management, Data compilation,
Directories, Inventories, ERDA/560306, ERDA/
990300.
ORNL/EIS-163/V2-P2 PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, a
Data Base. Second Annual Report, October 1980.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, F. M. Martin, and T.
Ensminger. Jan 81, 675p EPA-560/13-80-036B
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established. This two-part volume is the second
annual publication of the data base. Part 2 contains
the data base in tabular format and arranged alpha-
betically by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) pre-
ferred chemical name. The chemical is given along
with its CAS registry number, formula, atomic weight,
melting point, boiling point, and vapor pressure. Tis-
sues are listed alphabetically in with the record
number. (ERA citation 06:009751)
Keywords: 'Body fluids, 'Elements, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Organic compounds, 'Tissues, Biological ac-
cumulation, Body burden, Chemical analysis, Chemical
composition, Contamination, Data base management,
Data compilation, Directories, ERDA/560306, ERDA/
990300.
ORNL/EIS-189 PC A04/MF A01
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Proceeding* of the Workshop on Subchronlc Tox-
icity Testing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
N. Page, D. Sawhney, and M. G. Ryon. Nov 80,70p
EPA-560/11-80-028 P
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Subchronic toxicity procedures are designed to deter-
mine the adverse effects that may occur with repeated
exposure over a part of the average We span of an ex-
periment animal. The workshop objectives included
critically examining the subchronic study as it might be
applied to general chemical testing programs and eval-
uating the effect of variations in study parameters on
assessment potential; identifying the deficiencies in
the existing scientific knowledge and recommending
research to strengthen the testing program; and identi-
fying the related scientific issues to be resolved in
future workshops or experimental programs. (ERA ci-
tation 06:008276)
Keywords: 'Toxins, Chronic exposure, Experiment
planning, Laboratory animals, Meetings, Recommen-
dations, Research programs, Testing. Toxicity. ERDA/
560305.
ORNL/EIS-192/V2 PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Uranium In US Surface, Ground, and Domestic
Waters. Volume 2.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, S. Reynolds, P. T. Owen, R. H. Ross, and J.
T. Ensminger. Apr 81,627p EPA-570/9-81-001 (V.2)
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The report Uranium in US Surface, Ground, and Do-
mestic Waters comprises four volumes. Volumes 2, 3,
and 4 contain data characterizing the location, sam-
pling date, type, use, and uranium conentrations of
89,994 individual samples presented in tabular form.
The tabular data in volumes 2, 3, and 4 are summa-
rized in volume 1 in narrative form and with maps and
histograms. (ERA citation 06:022595)
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Usa, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,
Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Data
compilation, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Ground
water, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Man/land, Massachu-
setts, Radiation doses, Radioecological concentration,
Surface waters, Washington dc, ERDA/520301.
ORNL/EIS-192/V3 PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Uranium In US Surface, Ground, and Domestic
Waters.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, S. Reynolds, P. T. Owen, R. H. Ross, and J.
T. Ensminger. Apr 81,608p EPA-570/9-81-001
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The report Uranium in US Surface, Ground, and Do-
mestic Waters, comprises four volumes. Volumes 2, 3,
and 4 contain data characterizing the location, sam-
pling date, type, use, and uranium concentrations of
89,994 individual samples presented in tabular form.
The tabular data in volumes 2, 3, and 4 are summa-
rized in volume 1 in narrative form and with maps and
histograms. (ERA citation 06:021021)
Keywords: 'Uranium, *Usa, Data compilation, Ground
water, Radiation doses, Radioecological concentra-
tion, Surface waters, ERDA/520301, NTISDE, NTISE-
PAP.
ORNL/EIS-192/V4 PC A24/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Uranium In US Surface, Ground, and Domestic
Waters.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, S. Reynolds, P. T. Owen, R. H. Ross, and J.
T. Ensminger. Apr 81,574p EPA-570/9-81-001(V.4)
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The report Uranium in US Surface, Ground, and Do-
mestic Waters comprises four volumes. Volumes 2, 3,
and 4 contain data characterizing the location, sam-
pling date, type, use, and uranium concentrations of
89,994 individual samples presented in tabular form.
The tabular data in volumes 2, 3, and 4 are summa-
rized in volume 1 in narrative form and with maps and
histograms. (ERA citation 06:022596)
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Usa, Data compilation. Ground
water, Radiation doses, Radioecological concentra-
tion, Rhode island, South Carolina, South dakota. Sur-
face waters, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virgin-
ia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin. Wyoming,
ERDA/520301.
December 1983 1567
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ORNL/EIS-80 PC A14/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants. III. Chromium.
Oak Ridge National Lab.. Tenn.
L. E. Towill, C. R. Shriner, J. S. Drury, A. S. Hammons,
and J. W. Holleman. May 78, 303p EPA-600/ 1-78-023
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This study is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review
of the health and environmental effects of chromium
and specific chromium compounds. Approximately
500 references are cited. Chromium is abundant in the
earth's crust and is widely dispersed in the environ-
ment. It is used extensively in refractory materials and
chemicals, as a plating to produce hard and smooth
surfaces, to prevent corrosion, and in manufacturing
stainless and alloy steels. Major atmospheric emis-
sions of chromium arise from metal producing indus-
tries, coal-fired plants, municipal incinerators, and
cooling towers. Major releases to water are chiefly
from the electroplating metal-finishing, textile, and tan-
ning Industries. Harmful effects to man or animals
seldom result from chromium in ambient air or public
drinking water. Reported chromium toxicity occurs
mainly from occupational exposure. Trivalent com-
pounds are not highly toxic, but excessive exposure to
dusts or mists of hexavalent chromium compounds
produces dermatitis, skin lesions, and ulceration and
perforation of the nasal septum, as well as liver and
kidney damage. With long-term exposure to haxava-
lent chromium compounds, incidence of human lung
cancer increases. No data suggest that these com-
pounds are mutagenic or teratogenic risks. Trace
levels of chromium are essential to mammalian life. Ir-
reversible metabolic damage may result from long-
standing chromium deficiency. As a result of the refine-
ment of many foods, diets in the United States are
often low in chromium; organs of Americans usually
contain less chromium than corresponding organs of
people from other nations. Except in the lungs, tissue
chromium content decreases progressively with age
which suggests that intake of the biologically actwe
chromium in the United States is marginal. (ERA cita-
Keywords: Air pollution, 'Chromium, "Cooling towers
Fossil-fuel power plants, 'Incinerators, *Kidneys
•Liver, 'Lungs, 'Man, 'Metal industry, 'Mucous mem-
branes, Textile industry, "Water pollution, Environ-
mental effects, Neoplasms, Nutritional deficiency
E2SXI5$£?1 C£an9es' Reviews, Skin diseases, Ulcers
ERDA/560306, ERDA/500200, ERDA/520200
ERDA/200200, 'Environmental effects, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, 'Toxicology.
ORNL/EIS-8 1 PC A 1 0/MF A0 1
Department of Energy.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants. V. Cyanide.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
L. E. Towill, J. S. Drury, B. L. Whitfield, E. B. Lewis, and
E L. Galyan. Oct 78, 205p* EPA-600/ 1-76-027
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This study is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review
of the health and environmental effects of cyanide and
specific cyanide derivatives. Over 500 references are
cited. Cyanide production in the United States was
about 700 million pounds in 1975, most of which was
used for acrylonitrile production. The most important
applications of inorganic cyanides are electroplating
and metal treatments. Improper storage, handling, and
disposal account for isolated instances of cyanide re-
lease to the environment. Tobacco smoke Is probably
one of the major sources of cyanide exposure to the
general public. (ERA citation 04:0281 12)
Keywords: 'Cyanides, 'Bibliographies, 'Environmen-
tal effects. Health hazards, Toxicity. ERDA/560300,
'Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, Tobacco, Cigarette
smoke, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
ORNL/EIS-85 PC A20/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC,
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants. IX. Fluoride.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, J. T. Ensminger, A. S. Hammons, J. W.
Holleman, and E. B. Lewis. Sep 80.458p EPA-600/1-
78-050
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This study is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review
of the health and environmental effects of fluoride on
microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic animals,
and humans. More than 1000 references are cited.
Human intake of fluoride is chiefly through the diet;
drinking water is normally the largest single source.
Low concentrations of fluoride in water (approximately
1 ppM) benefit mammalian systems, making bone and
tooth apatite less soluble, but long-term ingestion of
water containing more than 8 ppM fluoride causes flu-
orosis in humans. Fluoride salts are lethal to humans
when ingested in doses of about 3 g or more. At con-
centrations normally encountered by the general
public, fluoride is not teratogenic, mutagenic, or carci-
nogenic to humans, but chronic fluoride toxicosis of
both livestock and wildlife is an important problem in
many areas of the United States. The principal mani-
festations of chronic fluoride toxicosis in livestock are
dental fluorosis, osteofluorosis, lameness, and im-
paired performance. Among domestic animals, dairy
cattle are the most sensitive to excessive fluoride ex-
posure. (ERA citation 05:035589)
Keywords: 'Fluorides, Chemical properties, Environ-
mental effects, Environmental transport, Health haz-
ards, Metabolism, Physical properties, Reviews, Toxic-
it/, ERDA/560300, ERDA/500200, ERDA/510200,
ERDA/520200.
ORNL/EIS-86 PC A08/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollut-
ants. II. Benzldlne,
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
C. R. Shriner, J, S. Drury, A. S. Hammons, L. E. Towill,
and E. B. Lewis. May 78,157p EPA-600/1 -78-024
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
This report is a review of the scientific literature on the
biological and environmental effects of benzidine. In-
cluded in the review are a general summary and a
comprehensive discussion of the following topics as
related to benzidine and specific benzidine com-
pounds: physical and chemical properties; occurrence;
synthesis and use; analytical methodology; biological
aspects in microorganisms, plants, wild and domestic
animals, and humans', distribution, mobility, and per-
sistence in the environment; assessment of present
and potential health and environmental hazards; and
review of standards and governmental regulations.
200 references. (ERA citation 03:041732)
Keywords: 'Benzidine, 'Bibliographies, Biological ef-
fects, Chemical properties, Environment, Health haz-
ards, Mammals, Man, Microorganisms, Plants, Toxici-
ty, ERDA/560306, ERDA/560305, ERDA/560302,
ERDA/560303, 'Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, Re-
views, Physical properties, Occurrence, Environmental
persistence, Synthesis, Analytical methods, Stand-
ards, Regulations, Environmental health, Distribution,
Mobility.
ORNL/EPA-4 PC A18/MF A01
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Microcosms as Potential Screening Tool* for
Evaluating Transport and Effects of Toxic Sub-
stances.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
B. S. Ausmus, G. K. Eddlemon, S. J. Draggan, J. M.
Qlddhings, and D. R. Jackson. Jun 80,404p EPA-600/
3-80-042
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Terrestrial and aquatic microcosms were evaluated for
use in research on environmental contaminants. Re-
search completed in this project attempted to: (1)
evaluate relationships among size, complexity, stabili-
ty, and replicablllty; (2) assess the simularlty between
microcosm results and actual environmental transport
and effects; (3) identify and quantify system-level pa-
rameters that might be sensitive Indicators of effects of
chemical contaminants; (4) determine the relationship
between system-level parameters measured In micro-
cosms ana in natural ecosystems; and (5) suggest pro-
tocols for establishing, maintaining, and interpreting
results from microcosms. A number of experimental
approaches using several microcosm designs and
contaminants are reported. The use of terrestrial mi-
crocosm results was evaluated in conjunction with
mathematical simulation models as a means of ex-
tending short-term exprlmental results to Interpret con-
ditions as they might occur in the natural ecosystem.
Although microcosms offer an excellent experimental
system, their application to toxic substance testing is
not a straightforward matter. They are characterized
by complex dynamics and counterintuitive responses
just as is the ecosystem to which they are an analog.
These factors notwithstanding, microcosms do offer
an excellent means of studying specific aspects of
contaminant behavior and ecosystem processes. With
appropriate attention to the design of specific ques-
tions, answers to which are relevant to interpreting ec-
ological transport and effects of contaminants, micro-
cosms can be useful tools. (ERA citation 05:027712)
Keywords: 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Functional models,
'Pollution, 'Terrestrial ecosystems, Accuracy, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Environmental transport, Evalua-
tion, Performance testing, ERDA/510200, ERDA/
520200.
ORNL/TM-5517 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Ecological Stability: An Ecosystem Perspective.
Classical and Current Thoughts: Review of Select-
ed Literature.
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
P. Van Voris. Oct 76, 40p
Contracts W-7405-ENG-26, EPA-INA-IAG-0
The term "stability," in Its ecological context, has been
applied to populations, communities, and, most recent-
ly, to ecosystems with such an array of meanings that
it has almost become a panchreston. This review of
selected literature points out the problems Inherent in
relying on either static measures (e.g., species diversi-
ty, connectivity, or energy balance) as a measure of
complexity to arbitrarily rank the relative stabilities of
ecosystems, or the dynamic approach of analyzing the
mathematical stability of linear or nonlinear models
The research direction emphasized is that of develop-
ment of new measures of ecosystem complexity
based on ecosystem level characteristics (e.g., nutri-
ent retention, or ecosystem metabolism) and relating
these measures of complexity to an a priori defined
ecosystem stability. (ERA citation 02:011162)
Keywords: 'Ecosystems, 'Populations, Mathematical
models, Stability, ERDA/510100.
ORNL/TM-6098 PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy.
Nationwide Assessment of Water Quantity im-
pacts of the National Energy Plan. Volume I. Sum-
mary and Conclusions.
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.
J. E. Dobson, A. D. Shepherd, R. G. Palmer, and S
Chiu. Dec 77,69p ORNL/OEPA-3
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
The water requirements of steam electric generating
plants, coal liquefaction and gasification facilities, and
coal extraction activities projected for 1985 are calcu-
lated, and impacts associated with the National Energy
Plan (NEP) Initiative are compared with those of a
Base Case Scenario for the conterminous United
States. It can be concluded that there is no apprecia-
ble difference in water quantity impacts at the Water
Resources Council Aggregated Subarea (ASA) level.
Consumption as a percentage of the surface supply
never varies by more than one percent between the
two scenarios except for the Trinity Basin of Texas,
and most of the differences are reductions from the
Base Case to the NEP. However, for either case there
will be a considerable increase In water use for energy
between 1075 and 1965, and water availability may
constrain development In several basins of the west-
ern United States. Even In the humid eastern United
States localized water problems may occur on certain
small tributaries. (ERA citation 03:026932)
Keywords: 'Coal gasification plants, 'Coal liquefaction
plants, 'Thermal power plants, 'USA, Forecasting,
National energy plan, Water quality, Water require-
ments, Water resources, ERDA/520200, ERDA/
010900, ERDA/200200, ERDA/290300, 'Water pollu-
tion, Assessments.
ORNL-5708 PC A14/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Methods for Ecologies) Toxicology: A Critical
Review of Laboratory Multlspecles Tests. Envi-
ronments! Sciences Division Publication No. 1710.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
A S Hammons. Feb 81,320pEPA-560/11-80-026
1568 Vol. 83, No. 26
-------
EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
An evaluation is presented of selected laboratory
methods for measuring ecological effects, and tests
considered most suitable for research and develop-
ment are recommended for use in predicting the ef-
fects of chemical substances on interspecific interac-
tions and ecosystem properties. The role of mathemat-
ical models in chemical hazard assessment is also dis-
cussed. About 450 references are cited. A bibliography
of more than 700 references is provided. The Office of
Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). TSCA, promul-
gated in 1976, is comprehensive legislation designed
to broadly protect human health and the environment
from unreasonable risks resulting from the manufac-
ture, processing, distribution, use, and disposal of a
chemical substance. Under TSCA, EPA is responsible
for identifying and prescribing test standards to be
used in developing the data necessary to predict the
risks associated with chemical releases into the envi-
ronment. To aid EPA in this endeavor, laboratory
methods for measuring the effects of chemical sub-
stances on aquatic and terrestrial interspecific interac-
tions and ecosystem processes were reviewed and
evaluated for their potential for standardization for use
in environmental hazard and risk assessment process-
es. The criteria used for these evaluations include
whether or not the tests are:rapid, reproducible, rela-
tively inexpensive, unequivocal, sensitive, socially rele-
vant, predictive, generalizable, and well-developed.
(ERA citation 06:014870)
Keywords: 'Toxic materials, Algae, Animals, Aquatic
ecosystems, Aquatic organisms, Bibliographies,
Chemical analysis, Data compilation, Environmental
impacts, Fishes, Mathematical models, Metabolism,
Monitoring, Plants, Recommendations, Research pro-
grams, Screening, Terrestrial ecosystems, Toxicity,
Zooplankton, ERDA/560300, ERDA/520200, ERDA/
510200.
PATENT-4 107 266 Not available NTIS
Production of Pure Alumina from Iron Contami-
nated Sulfate Liquor*. Patent,
Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
Donald J. Bauer, and Judith A. Eisele. Filed 22 Jul 77,
patented 15 Aug 78,3p PB-292 141/9, PAT-APPL-818
045
Supersedes PB-275 551.
This Government-owned invention available for U.S. li-
censing and, possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of
patent available Commissioner of Patents, Washing-
ton, DC. 20231 $0.50.
Alumina is recovered from aluminum sulfate leach liq-
uors by treatment of the liquor with HCI gas to the point
of incipient crystallization of AICI36H2O, extraction of
the resulting solution with a tertian/ amine to remove
iron, further treatment with HCI gas to precipitate
AICI36H2O and roasting of the AICI36H20 to AI2O3.
Keywords: "Aluminum oxide, "Extraction, "Patents,
Aluminum sulfate, Liquids, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Hydrogen chloride, Roasting, Tertiary amines, Chlor-
ides, PAT-CL-423-112, Aluminum chloride hexahy-
drate.
PATENT-4 254 005 Not available NTIS
Abrasion Resistance and Strength of Cotton-Con-
taining Fabric Made Reelllent with N-Methylolacry-
lamlde-Type Reagent. Patent,
Department of Agnculture, Washington, DC.
Stanley P. Rowland, Florine A. Blouin, and Fredick F.
Shih. Filed 6 Feb 80, patented 3 Mar 81, 7p PB81 -
183790, PAT-APPL-6-118 948
Supersedes PB80-191745.
This Government-owned Invention available for U.S. li-
censing and. possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of
patent available Commissioner of Patents, Washing-
ton, DC 20231 $0.50.
High levels of durable-press appearance rating and
conditioned wrinkle recovery angle together with im-
proved abrasion-resistance, breaking strength, and
tearing strength are the primary textile qualities impart-
ed to cellulosic textile with aqueous solutions contain-
ing N-methylolacrylamide-type reagents, a salt of per-
sulfuric acid, and an alkali metal phosphate, which may
be supplemented with standard wetting agents and
fabric softeners.
Keywords: "Patents, "Textile processing, "Abrasion
resistance, 'Durable press treating, 'Cotton fabrics,
Breaking load, Wrinkling, Tear strength, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, PAT-CL-260-29.6, *Acrylamide/N-
methlol.
PATENT-4 348 492 Not available NTIS
Starch Adduct Encasement of Partlculate Elas-
tomers. Patent,
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Baruch S. Shasha, and Thomas P. Abbott. Filed 30 Oct
80, patented 7 Sep 82,4p PB83-108712, PAT-APPL-6-
202 395
Supersedes PB81-147464.
This Government-owned invention available for U.S. li-
censing and, possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of
patent available Commissioner of Patents, Washing-
ton, DC 20231 $1.00.
Powdered and crumb rubber are prepared by dispers-
ing in a starch alkoxide paste appropriately sized parti-
cles of wet curd from the precipitation of a latex emul-
sion, and then insolubilizing the paste by treatment
with select bivalent cations. The result is a starch
adduct encasing the participate elastomer, thereby
preventing agglomeration and congealing upon stor-
age.
Keywords: "Elastomers, "Starches, "Patents, Encap-
sulating, Emulsions, Particles, Latex, PAT-CL-524-52.
SAND-76-0511 PC A04/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Beneficial Uses Program. Progress Report for
Period Ending June 30,1976.
Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N.Mex.
Sep 76,56p
Contracts E(29-1)-789, EPA-INA-E(2
Research progress is reported in the waste resources
utilization program and the separation technology and
source development program. Included in the waste
resources program are studies on microbiology, physi-
cal-chemical properties of sludge, liquid sludge treat-
ment, dry sludge treatment, cost/benefit analysis,
agronomy, and nutritive value. Research in the separa-
tion technology and source development program
centered on neutron activation of sewage sludge
during thermoradiation treatment. Both theoretical and
applied studies indicated that the neutron flux required
for activation of the sludge is many orders of magni-
tude greater than any neutron flux expected from a
source produced from light water reactor high-level
waste. (ERA citation 02:012561)
Keywords: "Radioactive waste management, "Radio-
active wastes, 'Sludges, Activation analysis. Chemical
properties, Chemical radiation effects, Cost benefit
analysis, Fertilizers, Liquid wastes, Microorganisms,
Neutron reactions, Physical properties, Research pro-
grams, Solid wastes, Thermal radiation, Uses, ERDA/
052002, ERDA/400600.
SAND-77-0426 PC A03/MF A01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Beneficial Uses Program Progress Report, Period
Ending December 31, 1976.
Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N.Mex.
Mar77,48p
Contracts EY-76-C-04-0789, EPA-INA-E(29-2)
Progress is reported on a comprehensive program to
develop the necessary technologies for cost/benefi-
cial uses of existing and future surplus radioactive ma-
terials. The major portion of the work was concentrat-
ed on the testing of the effectiveness of gamma
sources for the processing of sewage sludge to inacti-
vate enteric viruses and bacteria and the subsequent
testing of the biological effects of the treated sludge
when used as fertilizer or additives to animal feeds.
(ERA citation 02:042074)
Keywords: "Animal feeds, "Bacteria, "Fertilizers
"Sewage sludge, "Viruses, Agriculture, Biological radi-
ation effects, Gamma sources, Lethal irradiation
Uses, ERDA/560131, ERDA/070000, ERDA/420900
Benefit cost analysis, Radioactive materials.
TID-27086 PCA05/MFA01
Energy Research and Development Administration.
Automotive Gas Turbine Ceramic Regenerator
Design and Reliability Program. Second Quarterly
Progress Report.
Cord Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.
D. H. Anderson, C. A. Fucinari, C. J. Rahnke, and L. R.
Rossi. 22 Apr 75,96p
Contract EPA-68-03-2150
The primary objective of the EPA/Ford Ceramic Re-
generator Design and Durability Program is to develop
ceramic regenerator cores that can be used in passen-
ger car gas turbine engines, Stirling Cycle engines, and
industrial/truck gas turbine engines. Specific durability
objectives are defined as achieving a B sub 10 life of
10,000 hours on a truck/industrial gas turbine engine
duty cycle. Operating experience, laboratory analysis,
and mathematical analysis accumulated on the litni-
um-alumina-silicate (LAS) ceramic regenerator cores
through the end of 1973 were previously reported. The
test and analytical results acquired during 1974 are
given, including descriptions of the material testing
conducted magnesium-alumina-silicate (MAS) regen-
erator samples, analysis of core and rim designs, de-
velopment of new regenerator core drive and support
systems, and the results of over 18,000 hours of
engine durability testing accumulated during 1974.
(ERA citation 01:0260205
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Gas turbines, "Stirling en-
gines, "Trucks, Aluminium compounds, Ceramics,
Design, Magnesium compounds, Materials testing,
Performance testing, Regenerators. Silicates, ERDA/
330603, ERDA/330103, ERDA/330201.
UCID-18599 PC AOS/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Mutagenlclty Testing In Mammalian Ceils: Multiple
Drug-Resistance Markers.
California Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Livermore Lab.
J. H. Carver, G. M. Adair, and D. L. Wandres. Aug 79,
76pEPA-600/7-79-173
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
In this study, we describe the derivation of a CHO cell
line that is heterozygous for both the adenine phos-
phpribosyltransferase (aprt) and thymidine kinase (tk)
loci. This subline allows single-step selection of auto-
somal recessive AA/sup r/ or FUdR/sup r/ mutant
phenotypes as well as the more commonly used QUA/
sup R/ or TG/sup r/ genetic markers. Biochemical
and genetic characterization of the heterozygous cell
line, and dose response data for mutation induction at
these four genetic loci by the direct-acting mutagen,
ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), are presented. We
also establish optimal conditions for the phenotyptc
expression and selection of AA/sup r/ and FUdR/sup
r/ mutants of CHO cells and present biochemical vali-
dation of the mutant phenotypes. Optimal drug con-
centrations, cell plating densities, and expression time
requirements are determined for all four drug-resist-
ance markers. Mutation data are reported for direct
mutagens (EMS, MNNG, NQO) and promutagens re-
quiring metabolic activation (DMN, BP). Finally, we dis-
cuss the role and expected use of the multiple-marker
mutagenesis assay to yield increased sensitivity and
reliability in detecting genetic damage induced by com-
plex pollutant mixtures of environmental concern.
(ERA citation 05:023142)
Keywords: 'Mutagen screening, "Pollution, Animal
cells, Cell cultures, Evaluation, Hamsters. In vitro, Per-
formance testing, ERDA/560301.
UCRL-84137 PC A02/MF A01
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Effect of Diesel Exhaust on Sperm-Shape Abnor-
malities In Mice.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, P. S. Sabharwal, L. Gordon, and A.
Wyrobek. 1979,8p CONF-791260-1
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Symposium of health effects of diesel engine emis-
sion, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 3 Dec 1979.
The sperm-shape abnormality bioassay in mice was
used to determine whether chemical mutagens In
diesel exhaust reach the testes. Strain A male mice
(30 per group from 4 to 6 weeks of age) were exposed
for 31 or 39 weeks to either diesel exhaust or clean air.
After exposure, Eosin y-stained, air-dried smears of
cauda epididymal sperrn were scored for changes in
sperm-head abnormalities in three different laborato-
ries. There was no difference in the proportion of ab-
December 1983 1569
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EPA PUBLICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
normally shaped sperm in controls and mice exposed Keywords: "Diesel fuels, "Exhaust gases, Biological formations, Mice, Mutagen screening, Spermatozoa,
to diesel exhaust. (ERA citation 06:021116) effects, Configuration, Diesel engines, Inhalation. Mai- ERDA/560305, NTISDE.
1570 Vol. 83, No. 26
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